bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspektif Kepuasan Penumpang Dalam Kualitas Pelayanan Kapal Feri: Studi Kasus Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Merak-Bakauheni
Authors: Herno Della Rhaptyalyani , Rachmannullah Ashari Fitra
Published: May 2021

This study evaluates passenger satisfaction from the perspective of service quality. The sample was collected by sending questionnaires from two perspectives; ferry passengers and ferry company employees at Merak-Bakauheni port in Indonesia. The PZB model is used for gap analysis and SERVQUAL dimension to assess and evaluate the service quality. The results show gaps between passenger satisfaction and ferry service quality at the Merak port - Bakauheni port. Data analysis using t-pairwise statistical method. The analysis found that gap 1; gap in perspective between the passenger expectations service and the ferry companies perceptions of their passengers expectation is very large, with the largest attributes from tangibles dimension. The largest gap of attributes from that dimension is “convenience store at the terminal.”  In gap 5, the perceptions of passengers' expected and their perceived of service showed that the attribute of “Ferry service provides online services to facilitate customers” as the largest gap. Thus, from this study, ferry services need to make reformation, especially in the attribute that has a large gap. Moreover, this study provides an overview to ferry service in Indonesia to enhance their service quality.
Investigation of energy costs for sludge management: a case study from dairy industry
Authors: Yapıcıoğlu Pelin , Yeşilnacar Mehmet İrfan
Published: May 2021

Sludge management has been regarded as an environmental challenge to deal with due to high energy costs for wastewater treatment plants. From this perspective, energy costs of sludge management should be defined and calculated in order to obtain an effective energy management in wastewater treatment plants. Energy consumption of sludge management is the major constituent of the operational costs. Especially, dewatering processes have led to high electricity consumption at industrial wastewater treatment plants. This paper aimed to define the role of design and operational parameters on energy costs of sludge treatment process in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) and sludge volume index (SVI) considering water-energy nexus. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) sludge and centrifuge decanter were used for sludge dewatering process in a dairy wastewater treatment plant. Lime is used for sludge stabilization. Energy cost index has been figured out using a new derived numerical method. This study proposed a new developed methodology for energy cost assessment of sludge management. This paper revealed that energy costs would be lower if the wastewater treatment plant was operated under design conditions. If the plant was operated at design conditions, nearly 63% of reduction on energy costs of sludge handling process could be ensured. It has been recommended this plant could be operated under design conditions.
Single-step pyrolysis for producing activated carbon from sucrose and its properties for methylene blue removal in aqueous solution
Authors: Kazak Ömer
Published: May 2021

Herein, activated carbon was prepared from sucrose, renewable carbon precursor by chemical activation method. Chemical activation process was carried out with KOH at 750 °C. The effects of chemical activation on the structure and morphology of activated carbon products were evaluated using TGA, BET, SEM, FT-IR, and zeta potential techniques. As a result of the activation process, the activated carbon having microporous (1.138 cm3 g-1) with high specific surface area (2116.42 m2 g-1) was obtained. The potential of using activated carbon as an adsorbent for removal of methylene blue in water was investigated under several experimental conditions. Langmuir adsorption capacity for methylene blue is 1666.66 mg g-1 and its higher adsorption capacity than other adsorbents. Regeneration studies have shown that the activated carbon can also be used at least ten times for the removal of methylene blue with no change in its adsorption capacity. The performance was tested on real textile wastewater.
Políticas públicas, cooperativismo y desigualdad social: el caso costarricense durante el apogeo del Estado de Bienestar
Authors: Salazar Sergio
Published: May 2021

El cooperativismo costarricense se vio fuertemente fortalecido en la segunda mitad del Siglo XX debido a su rol activo para diversificar la economía local. De la mano de un creciente número de instituciones descentralizadas, las cooperativas ejecutaron políticas públicas en cuatro ejes principales: café, electrificación rural, ahorro y crédito y agro. Las experiencias más exitosas dan cuenta que la combinación de la acción colectiva y la gestión colectiva en esas organizaciones es fundamental en el desarrollo de los territorios.

El presente artículo ofrece una visión general de las políticas públicas impulsadas desde el Estado costarricense entre 1949 y mediados de los años ochenta del siglo pasado en materia de cooperativismo, en el contexto de la cooperación y el sistema mundo.
Base Shear Struktur Beton Bertulang Yang Menggunakan Base Isolator Akibat Beban Gempa Dengan Menggunakan Etabs
Authors: Nggaba Dicky N. , Simatupang Partogi H , Rizal A. Hidayat
Published: May 2021

The sudden release of energy within earth creates seismic waves on earth’s surface that is earthquake. This research was carried out using a base isolator type of HDR with  Certification Number MVBR-0516 (XO.3R) to reduce base shear, displacement and internal forces acting on the structure. This study uses time history analysis method with some earthquake loads in the form of acceleration acceleration. The objectives of the study were to determine the base shear of a reinforced concrete structure building using a base isolator and without using a base insulator. The results of this study indicate the use of base insulators reduces base shear by about 20% -67% and 14% -70.5% for earthquakes in the x direction to the east and west. Meanwhile, in the y direction earthquake, it was around 43% -70% and 43% -62% to the south and north
Studi Kefektifan Dinding Geser pada Bangunan Tingkat Tinggi Dalam Mengurangi Simpangan Struktur
Authors: Sansujaya Evantianus , Pah Jusuf J.S. , Udiana I Made
Published: May 2021

The main principle of designing the multi-storey building is increasing the building strength on lateral force. The higher the building, then the more vulnerable the building in resisting the lateral force, such as earthquake force. In structure design in multi-storey building, there are 2 systems lateral force restraint that often used, that are frame that use shear wall and frame without shear wall. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of shear wall placement with respect to structure deflection as an effect of quake load also to find out the sensitivity of the adding the amount of shear wall on decreasing rate of structure deflection as an effect of quake load, that the calculation of quake load effect done by use the Equivalent Static Analysis Method. The result of the analysis obtained the structure deflection decreases with the increasing of the amount of shear wall and the average of decreasing rate of structure deflection for every addition of 1% shear wall is 1.97% also the layout of shear wall placement very react on structure deflection alteration.
Studi Parametrik Pengaruh Variasi Pengekangan Terhadap Nilai Kapasitas dan Daktilitas Penampang Kolom Beton Bertulang Bentuk T
Authors: Lada Adveni H.A , Simatupang Partogi H. , Rizal Andi H.
Published: May 2021

Column has a function as a successor of the entire building load for foundation with a cross-sectional shape which generally a square. In its development, the shape of column section has begun to vary, namely the 'L', 'T' and 'Plus (+)' shaped sections. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of restraint parameters such as diameter of stirrups, distance between stirrups, diameter and configuration of longitudinal reinforcement also concrete quality on the capacity and ductility of T-shaped non-square column using Response-2000, XTRACT and SAP2000 programs to ensure the percentage comparison of the analysis result data is not more than 5%. The results of this study for each type of cross-section, namely each increase in the percentage of concrete quality parameters ranging from 25-35 MPa, the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement and diameter of stirrups will increase the value of capacity and decrease the value of ductility, while for each increase in the percentage of parameters the distance between stirrups will decrease the value of capacity and the ductility value. Meanwhile, the variation of longitudinal reinforcement configuration produces T2-1 section as cross section with the largest capacity value and T1-2 section as cross section with the greatest ductility value.
Studi Fenomenologi: Problematika Mahasiswa Asing Belajar Statistika di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Blegur Irna Karlina Sensiana
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan problematika mahasiswa asing belajar statistika pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia dan penyebabnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket bebas, teknik wawancara dan  dokumentasi. Sumber data adalah lima mahasiswa asing penerima beasiswa KNB (Kemitraan Negara Berkembang scholarships) pada salah satu universitas negeri di Yogyakarta. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mencari subtema, kemudian menentukan hubungan antar subtema untuk memperoleh pemahaman. Adapun hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: pertama, mahasiswa sulit belajar Stastika karena bahasa pengantar yang digunakan. Kedua  mahasiswa sulit belajar Stastika karena ketersediaan prior knowledge yang tidak memadai. Ketiga, mahasiswa sulit belajar statistika karena teknik penyajian materi yang digunakan ketika perkuliahan
Penerapan Metode Fuzzy Service Quality (Servqual) untuk Mengukur Kepuasan Pelayanan Pendidikan pada Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Nusa Cendana
Authors: Falmon Folfardus
Published: May 2021

Dalam menjalankan pelayanan pendidikan, Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Nusa Cendana belum mengetahui bagaimana penilaian mahasiswa terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan, sistem yang berjalan selama ini hanyalah mengikuti persepsi dari pihak program studi. Pihak Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika pernah mengadakan survei berkaitan dengan kinerja dosen dengan menggunakan angket yang diisi oleh setiap mahasiswa. Tetapi dalam angket tersebut, tidak ada wadah yang tersedia bagi mahasiswa untuk menyampaikan bagaimana pelayanan yang diharapkan oleh mahasiswa. Tujuan peneltian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa terhadapa pelayanan yang diberikan pihak program studi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa angkatan tahun 2015- tahun 2019 Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, FKIP, Universitas Nusa Cendana. Pengambilan sampelnya menggunaka teknik cluster random sampling. Metode fuzzy service quality merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kepuasan pelayanan. Konsep fuzzy digunakan untuk membantu responden memberi nilai yang lebih obyektif sedangkan service quality digunakan untuk mendefinisikan tingkat kepuasan pelayanan berdasarkan perbedaan persepsi dan harapan mahasiswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa gap keseluruhan untuk pelayanan akademik adalah -0,341 dan gap keseluruhan untuk pelayanan administrasi adalah -0,141. Nilai gap tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa tidak puas dengan pelayanan yang diberikan Program Studi Pendidikan Matematikasehingga perlu ditingkatkan lagi pelayanan yang diberikan. Kata Kunci : Kepuasan Pelayanan, Metode Fuzzy Service Quality.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Tentang Perkuliahan Berbasis E-Learning dengan Menggunakan Schoology
Authors: Udil Patrisius Afrisno
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan mendeskripsikan persepsi mahasiswa pendidikan matematika Universitas Nusa Cendana tentang perkuliahan berbasis e-learning dengan menggunakan schoology. Penelitian ini juga mendeskripsikan persepsi mahasiswa pada setiap aspek dan indikator yang diteliti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode survei. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 41 mahasiswa semester VI pendidikan matematika Universitas Nusa Cendana yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada semester genap tahun akademik 2019/2020. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen skala persepsi mahasiswa terhadap perkuliahan berbasis e-learning dengan schoology. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif untuk kemudian dideskripsikan temuan yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum persepsi mahasiswa pendidikan matematika Universitas Nusa Cendana teridentifikasi pada kategori sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata skor persepsi sebesar 73,39. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa teridentifikasi pada kategori sangat tinggi untuk aspek schoology sebagai media dan kategori tinggi untuk aspek kualitas perkuliahan e-learning. Berdasarkan indikatornya, ditemukan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa teridentifikasi pada kategori sangat tinggi untuk semua indikator pada aspek pertama. Pada aspek kedua, persepsi mahasiswa teridentifikasi pada kategori sangat tinggi untuk 2 indikator dan kategori tinggi untuk 2 indikator lainnya.
Islamic Legal Perspectives on Genetically Modified Food
Authors: Bouzenita Anke Iman
Published: May 2021

Genetically modified food (GMF) is part of our reality as consumers worldwide. The techniques and possibilities involved require an Islamic legal (fiqhi) study in order to determine the assumptions underlying its consumption, production, and related research. This paper places the study of GMF within a holistic context by taking into consideration the societal background and rationale within which it has been developed. It investigates the possibility of transferring such fiqhi devices as istihalah (chemical transformation), istihlak (extreme dilution), and others to GMF in regard to combining genetic material from permissible and non-permissible sources; raises several questions and concerns about using the maqasidi scheme; and discusses GMF’s permissibility under the aspects of changing creation or “harnessing nature.”
The Islamic Ideology of Ali Shari’ati
Authors: Mohamed Yasien
Published: May 2021

It has been thirty years since the Islamic revolution of Iran of 1979, and the name of Imam Khomeini remains alive in the minds of the people as its leader. However, little is known about the contribution of Ali Shari’ati (d. 1977) in awakening the educated youth to realize Islam’s political relevance and to participate in the struggle against the shah’s despotism. The new generation of Iranians know even less about his vision of governance and how it differs from Khomeini’s concept of governance by the ulama. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: Why did Shari’ati appeal to the students and intellectuals? What philosophical and theological elements make up his Islamic ideology, his Islamic sociology, and his concept of struggle (jihad)? How did he manage to blend Shi’ite theology and Marxist dialectical struggle to produce his own brand of Islamic ideology? Is the role of the sociologist to describe or to transform society?
Asserting Religious Text in the Modern World
Authors: Hashem Mazen
Published: May 2021

The khutbah delivered each Friday in mosques represents an important facet of the Muslims’ religious imagination. Islam, being an ultra-scriptural religion, requires that those who deliver this sermon, the khatib, engage in a wide range of creative handling of texts. The khutbah stands as concentric circles of belonging to a text-rooted religion and to the continuous realignment of those texts when addressing social reality; the khatib stands as an interpreter of lived experiences as well as a maker and shaper of such experiences. The quest of relevance in the khutbah is counterbalanced by the quest for authenticity. This discourse analysis study, which analyzes two years’ worth of khutbahs delivered in Southern California, focuses on three interrelated dimensions of khutbahs: how certain texts assert their authority, the different approaches to contextualizing the text, and how texts are reinterpreted in the face of the challenges of modernity.
Critical Thinking and Its Implications for Contemporary Ijtihad
Authors: Shah Sayed Sikandar , Mahmud Mek Wok
Published: May 2021

As an intellectual process, critical thinking plays a dynamic role in reconstructing human thought. In Islamic legal thought, this intellectual tool was pivotal in building a full-fledged jurisprudential system during the golden age of Islamic civilization. With the solidification of the science of Islamic legal theory and the entrenchment of classical Islamic jurisprudence, this process abated somewhat. Recent Islamic revival movements have engendered a great zeal for reinstituting this process. The current state of affairs in constructing and reconstructing Islamic jurisprudence by and large do not, however, reflect the dynamic feature of intellectual thought in this particular discipline. Thus this article attempts to briefly delineate this concept, unveil the reality on the ground, and identify some hands-on strategies for applying critical thinking in contemporary ijtihad.
Islamization of Knowledge
Authors: Siddiqi Mohammad Nejatullah
Published: May 2021

The assumptions on which the Islamization of knowledge project was linked to the movement for restoration of Islam to a position of leadership and dominance in contemporary society may not have all been correct. Knowledge creation and beneficial use of new knowledge are two distinct though complementary processes. Each has its own requirement. Morality rooted in spirituality is decisive in ensuring that new knowledge is used beneficially. But creation of new knowledge requires freedoms of thought and discussion, encouragement of creativity and innovation, and toleration of dissent and diversity. It requires a mindset that can entertain ambiguity, one that does not hasten to discard potential spoilers of legacies long established as sacred ‒ requirements which the sponsors of the Islamization of knowledge project might have failed to give due weight. The project can be revived only by recognizing the primacy of expanding knowledge over the necessity of ensuring proper use of knowledge. It is in the nature of the first, expansion of knowledge (by creating new knowledge) that is universal. Differences of faith or moral vision, so important in the context of the second stage (putting knowledge to good use) need not stand in the way of cooperation and collaboration in the first stage. Have the sponsors of the Islamization project neglected this truth? What could be worse: have they abdicated the first step in their eagerness to do justice to the second? This paper concludes by inviting Islamization enthusiasts to join the rest of humanity in expanding knowledge, while simultaneously working for creating universal awareness of what makes use of knowledge beneficial and prevents the fatal error of allowing laissez-faire in the use of knowledge. I also argue that conceiving of knowledge as a tool for power and hegemony can be frustrating if not outright destructive. Last but not the least, we cannot know all that needs be known and, no less important, not everything is known with the same degree of certainty. Humility requires we recognize our limits. Ambiguity and a degree of uncertainty is built into the human situation. It cannot be wished away. Having adopted a humble stance, the way forward is to share the quest of knowledge and its proper use with all and everyone.
Role of Context and Objectives of the Surah in Shaping the Episodes of the Qur’ānic Narrative
Authors: Abdullah Abdul-Samad
Published: May 2021

The Qur’anic way of presenting the story of Lot and his people is distinguished by repetition, summation, elaboration, elision, brevity, similarity, and variation. This article suggests that every episode of the narrative of Lot differs from the others in the series through its ownidentity, which is acquired from the surah in which it appears. Thus, each episode is woven into its own specific and general framework. Although there are general and clear topics of the narrative as a whole, the topics and objectives of each surah have a very significant role in giving the narrative a specific shape within the surah. Accordingly, when a narrative/story is repeated in the Qur’ān, such repetition comes in response to a certain context or is in harmony with one of the objectives of the surah, either directly or by implication. Thus, repetition or implication becomes a necessity or at least a requirement for a religious or stylistic purpose. Hence, we find that all the episodes in the narrative of Lot and his people in the Qur’ān They are also in accord with the context and are suitable for the occasion. All the episodes in the narrative of Lot correspond with the context and the objectives of the surah. The episode of the people of Lot is closely associated and coherent with these contexts and objectives, and it is impossible to move any episode in the narrative from one surah to another, such is the fit of each episode to its context. In fact, such a shift in position would eventually lead to stylistic flaws related to the context and objectives of that surah. Each episode in the surah has its own characteristics that distinguish it from the rest of the Qur’ānic surahs.
Contemporary Islamic Revivalism
Authors: Ali Jan A.
Published: May 2021

In the last three decades Islam has reemerged as an important global phenomenon and is aptly referred to as a contemporary Islamic revivalism. As a phenomenon, contemporary Islamic revivalism is an attempt by a small but important section of the Ummah (community of believers) to reestablish Islam as the principal paradigm for personal as well as public life across the globe. Its hallmark is a return to Islamic origins, the fundamentals of the authentic faith embodied in the Qur’ān and the Sunnah, the sayings and practices of the Prophet Muḥammad (ṢAAS). This article is an exploration of the explanations of a contemporary Islamic revivalism. Contemporary Islamic revivalism can be explained in many different ways, however, this paper focuses on the crisis perspective, the success perspective, and the crisis of modernity perspective to arrive at a more analytical understanding of this important sociological phenomenon.
Muslim Representations in Two Post-September 2001 American Novels
Authors: Marandi Seyed Mohammad , Tari Zeinab Ghasemi
Published: May 2021

Several novels have appeared after the September 11 attacks which deal directly or indirectly with the effect of the event on individuals, both inside and outside the United States. Though, the novels often claim to deal with the posttraumatic aftermath of the incident, the writers regularly use Orientalist stereotyping, and it seems that after September 11 these attitudes toward Muslims and Arabs have hardened and even strengthened the old Orientalist discourse. This paper shall focus on Don Delillo’s Falling Man and John Updike’s Terrorist because both novels were New York Times bestsellers and both novelists are prominent figures in American literature. It attempts to examine the way in which the novelists have responded to the September 11, 2001 attacks and how Muslims and their ideologies are represented. The significant point is that though these novels have been written in the twenty-first century, where there has been an increase in contacts and information about Muslims, the writers often use the same cliches and stereotypes about Muslims that have existed since the Middle Ages.
Critiquing the Modern Western Theory of Knowledge and Insights into a Qur’anic Epistemology
Authors: Chak Farhan Mujahid
Published: May 2021

This article compares and contrasts a western post-Enlightenment theory of knowledge with a Qur’anic epistemology. It first analyzes the development of post-Enlightenment epistemology, which resulted in the disappearance of established meaning and the implanting of doubt. Thereafter, western epistemology began to deal with such questions as “What can I know?” and “How can I distinguish between those things that I am justified in believing over those things that I am not justified in believing?” Eventually, this developed into the two dominant and diverging paths that persist until today: “We might be able to know the truth” (plausibility) or “We are unable to know anything” (denial). What makes this so important is its eventual influence upon the Muslim world with the advent of colonialism, European preeminence, and globalization. That influence, it is argued, has been disastrous because of its ability to uproot the indigenous Islamic epistemic tradition. Therefore this article, by focusing on various Qur’anic verses, shares insights for an alternative epistemology that would begin to rectify this dissonance. It does so by discussing the features of a Qur’anic epistemology, one that begins with the affirmation or certainty of “God knowing” with the potential for “human knowing.” In other words, it establishes an optimistic attitude toward “true” knowledge being possible (viz., “I” may be wrong, although God knows) and the potentiality of certainty being ever-present.
Combating Terrorism through an Education for Democratic Iteration
Authors: Waghid Yusef , Davids Nuraan
Published: May 2021

In this article, we argue analytically that democratic iteration is a plausible discourse to mitigate terrorism in the contemporary world. By far the most pertinent position we advance is the need for democratic iteration among people who perpetrate acts of violence and those subjected to the perpetration of such acts. An education for freedom from terror is justifiable in the sense that such a view of education would cultivate intercultural understanding and uncompromising attitudes toward people’s beliefs and values – that is, the possibility for critical attitudes and social change would be enhanced. The afore-mentioned form of education (in Islam) is emancipatory and would hopefully instill in people thewillingness and openness to engage in interculturalism, to appreciate the possibility of changing the world by seeing and thinking about things differently (including terrorism). We contend that terrorism is a form of political violence that has not necessarily been caused by education; rather, it is caused by the uncertainty, hopelessness, and instability that lead to human deprivation, exclusion, dystopia in the world and, ultimately, outrage. Yet we posit that an education in Islam about experiencing the other (as opposed to knowingness) through deliberative iteration would serve as a meaningful mitigation of terror.
The Islamization of English Literary Studies
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul
Published: May 2021

In today’s world where the former colonized are reshaping their relation with the colonizer, the concept of decolonizing or indigenizing education is widely discussed in postcolonial studies. Decolonizing/indigenizing education counters the western systems of knowledge’s hegemony over those of non-western systems of thought and requires the development of a new approach to education that keeps in view the indigenous societies’ socio-cultural and religious values and traditions. The Islamization of Knowledge undertaking maintains a similar approach, but additionally requires an Islamic perspective on knowledge. Among all western disciplines, English literature is arguably the most culturally charged and carries western value-laden ideas. This reality points to the need to look at it from Islamic perspectives. Based on this theoretical concept, this study seeks to establish the urgency and feasibility of Islamizing English (British) literary studies.
Post-Revolutionary Islamism and the Future of Democracy and Human Rights in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Abadir M.
Published: May 2021

From the backwaters of stagnation in democratization, the Arab Spring countries carried the day and became trailblazers to be replicated by activists all over the world. A couple of seasons after the initial revolution/revolt, Egyptians had transformed their political system, written themselves a constitution, and apparently destroyed the same constitution. While all sectors of society played a role in shaping the revolution, the latter has also affected society. Egypt’s 2012 constitution, one of the outcomes of the revolution, captures a moment in the process and also reflects an attempt to install an Islamist ideology in a constitutional democratic form. The constitution’s attempt to negotiate between Shari‘ah and democracy and its outline of a human rights regime make the future of democracy and human rights ambiguous, as the Islamist stance promulgated has yet to be tested in the real world of politics. As it stands today, the constitution is too ambiguous to allow one to draw a clear picture of the future of constitutional practice. What is clear, however, is that the revolution and subsequent constitution have affected the Islamist discourse about democracy and human rights.
Islamic Awakening or Pro-Democracy Movement
Authors: Esfandiary Esmaeil
Published: May 2021

As influential players in the Middle East’s regional politics, both American and Iranian officials are trying to define and interpret the wave of Arab revolutions in a way that resonates with their own political narratives. In other words, they want to frame the situation in a way that matches their respective ideologies, which, in turn, would best suit their political interests. I use framing theory to illustrate the frameworks through which top American and Iranian leaders try to portray those regional changes, especially in Egypt. For this purpose, framing theory and its applications will be discussed first. Then, the views of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and President Barack Obama regarding the regional revolts will be analyzed. Based on Robert Entman’s four-element formulation of framing, each side’s framing is demonstrated through its projection of (1) problem definition, (2) causal interpretation, (3) moral evaluation, and (4) solution/treatment recommendation.The analysis shows how the two sides frame a single phenomenon in extremely different ways: one portrays it as a sign of Islamic awakening against the decades-old rule of western-backed dictators, whereas the other frames it as a pro-democracy movement heralding the emergence of new democratic states. The paper concludes by arguing that the dominance of each government’s frames will pave the way for it to claim the uprisings within its own narrative and thus influence the situation on the ground in their desired way.
The Authority of the Sunnah According to the Qur’anic Text
Authors: Eldridge Cleaver Ahmad
Published: May 2021

This study analyzes what the Qur’an ascribes to the Sunnah of Muhammad and highlights the existence of indicators within the Qur’anic text as to the Sunnah’s significance, role, and legal authority. Insight into its place and role is researched according to the Qur’an, and answers are sought as to its significance in Islamic law and thought. The answers presented are the ones found in the Qur’anic discourse circulating around Muhammad. The analysis, which examines thirty-five Qur’anic verses that mention Muhammad, is organized according to several themes, among them obedience to God and to Muhammad and the latter’s judicial role.
VALORIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOS PROFESSORES DE ATENDIMENTO EDUCACIONAL ESPECIALIZADO NO MUNICÍPIO DE JACOBINA-BAHIA
Authors: Silva Osni Oliveira Noberto da , Miranda Theresinha Guimarães , Bordas Miguel Angel Garcia
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi conhecer a valorização do trabalho realizado pelo Atendimento Educacional Especializado pelos diversos “atores” que permeiam o ambiente escolar, a partir da ótica dos próprios professores de AEE. Foram selecionados quatorze docentes que estavam dentro do seguinte critério: professores que trabalhem com AEE nas escolas municipais de Jacobina, estado da Bahia. Foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas fechadas. De acordo com os dados levantados é possível resumir que a maior valorização que as professoras de AEE perceberam de seu trabalho vem dos seus próprios alunos. Em seguida, levando em consideração a porcentagem de respostas dentro dos itens “muito valorizado” e “valorizado em parte” foram na ordem: familiares dos alunos de AEE e diretor(a) da escola. Em seguida tem o(a) coordenador(a) pedagógico(a) e os outros funcionários da escola (pessoal da portaria, limpeza e merenda), sendo que os dois primeiros apresentam respostas na opção “indiferente”. Apenas os professores e alunos da sala regular tiveram a opção “desvalorizado” entre as respostas das docentes de AEE.
RELATO DE UMA VIVÊNCIA NA ESCOLA FAMÍLIA AGRÍCOLA NOVA ESPERANÇA DO MUNICÍPIO DE TAIOBEIRAS/MG
Authors: Costa Karina , Gregório Sandra Regina
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo observar e vivenciar a rotina dos funcionários e jovens que estudam na Escola Família Agrícola Nova Esperança e entender a importância da mesma para suas vidas e para a região. É uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, utilizando para isto o método da observação participante, bem como análise documental e conversas informais com os sujeitos da pesquisa. Assim, iremos relatar um breve histórico do surgimento das EFAs no Brasil, em Minas Gerais e na região do Alto Rio Pardo. Em sequência, abordar sobre a pedagogia da alternância, metodologia utilizada pelas EFAs, que é uma forma de proporcionar aos jovens que vivem na zona rural uma educação de qualidade, valorizando os aspectos culturais, sociais, comunitários e políticos. Por fim, faremos um relato de uma vivência na EFA Nova Esperança, situada no município de Taiobeiras, microrregião do Alto Rio Pardo de Minas Gerais, onde destacaremos o apoio desta escola família agrícola para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e habilidades desses alunos, contribuindo para que ao final do curso eles estejam capacitados e aptos a entrar tanto no mercado de trabalho, como também conscientes da importância de sua permanência em suas regiões, tornando-se assim referências e apoio para o crescimento e fortalecimento da agricultura familiar da região.
POLÍTICAS DE QUALIFICAÇÃO PARA OS TRABALHADORES DE TURISMO NO MARANHÃO
Authors: Correia Jonilson Costa , Leite Angela Roberta Lucas , Soares Patrícia Natália dos Santos
Published: May 2021

Este estudo analisa políticas de qualificação para os trabalhadores do setor de turismo no Maranhão sob a ótica do Programa Mais Qualificação da Secretaria de Estado do Turismo. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos específicos identificar ações do programa; verificar dificuldades enfrentadas pelo programa Mais Qualificação e Turismo durante a execução e desvelar as perspectivas do programa. Esta foi uma pesquisa qualitativa com uma abordagem exploratório-descritiva, analisando assim os dados empíricos e teóricos referente ao tema; a entrevista foi a técnica de coleta de dados aplicada aos gestores públicos que executam o programa.  Com isso, foi possível concluir que, a qualificação para o segmento turístico é um diferencial competitivo e, além disso, leva a aprendizagem de novos conhecimentos, habilidades e competências exigidas pelo mercado de trabalho turístico, o que o caracteriza, também, uma estratégia de reprodução das exigências do capital.
ANTONIO GRAMSCI ENTRE AS DUAS INTERNACIONAIS
Authors: Souza Herbert Glauco de
Published: May 2021

Este texto tem como objetivo entender as principais influências intelectuais e políticas que incidirão sobre a personalidade do Jovem Gramsci, e que de certa maneira permanecerão e serão reformuladas no Gramsci da maturidade no cárcere fascista. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico amplo sobre as principais fontes (fatos e obras) com as quais Gramsci dialetizará nos contextos das Duas Internacionais. Como resultado da pesquisa, percebe-se o leque amplo de incidências que ajudaram a moldar a personalidade intelectual e política do jovem sardo e como também Gramsci se relacionara criticamente com toda aquela atmosfera rica de ideias e transformações sociais. Conceitos como Revolução Passiva, Hegemonia, Guerra de Movimento e Guerra de Posição, dentre outros, emergirão nesse confronto com o ambiente profícuo em que Gramsci estava inserido.
Experience of haematological observatory ward during COVID-10 pandemic
Authors: Gavrilina O. A. , Vasileva A. N. , Galstyan G. M. , Tupoleva T. A. , Tikhomirov D. S. , Parovichnikova E. N. , Troitskaya V. V. , Gaponova T. V. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2 infection (COronaVIrus Disease 2019, COVID-19) usually progresses uncomplicated in an acute respiratory form but causes frequent severe illness in oncohaematological patients.

Aim — analysis of the management and efficacy of medical aid at a haematology clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients. The clinic admitted 2,130 patients in April 20 — November 20, 2020, with 920 of them triaged into observatory wards. At the time of admission, 907 (98.5 %) patients were SARS-CoV-2 RNA-negative, with 13 hospitalised without nasopharyngeal swab tests. Patient nosology: 235 (25.5 %) lymphoma, 152 (16.5 %) multiple myeloma, 131 (14.2 %) acute leucaemia, 86 (9.3 %) haemophilia, 35 (4 %) Gaucher’s disease, 17 (1.8 %) Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, 16 (1.7 %) aplastic anaemia, 153 (16.6 %) various surgical diseases, 81 (8.8 %) other haematological diseases and 14 (1.6 %) were bone marrow donors.

Results. Among the 920 patients admitted to the observatory, 139 (15 %) were severe and 653 (71 %) had a moderate condition. Fever was reported in 124 (13.5  %) patients at admission. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed in 809 patients, with recent lung inflammation detected in 121 (15 %) cases. Twenty four (2.6 %) patients were revealed SARS-CoV-2-positive, with 20 diagnoses PCR-verified and four — in chest CT. Ten patients were diagnosed positive in routine examination or at a specialty unit as fever aggravated. Thus, a two-staged SARS-CoV-2 screening with PCR and chest CT allowed an extra 2.6 % detection of COVID-19 cases despite negative tests at admission.

Conclusion. The observatory management has reduced the likelihood of nosocomial COVID-19 and ensured a continued supply of specialty medical aid.
A Rare Case of a Severe Course of Systemic Onset of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Associated with MEFV Gene Mutations in a 12-year-old Girl
Authors: Ilchenko Svitlana , Fialkovska Anastasiia , Ivanus Svitlana , Baralei Tetiana
Published: May 2021

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common rheumatic disease in children and adolescents. MEFV (Mediterranean fever, FMF) gene mutations are observed in systemic-onset JIA, that in addition to increasing the risk of JIA development, worsen the disease prognosis. We reported a rare case of a severe systemic-onset JIA associated with MEFV gene mutations in a 12-year-old girl. The patient had an aggressive disease course and resistance to conventional immunosuppressive agents. This case confirms the difficulties of diagnostic and treatment of systemic JIA (sJIA) associated with FMF. Currently, there are no established criteria for the definition or differential diagnosis of arthritis associated with FMF. The severe prognosis of JIA associated with FMF should motivate clinicians to initiate aggressive therapy early.
Esquemas de reestructuración de pasivos ante diversos escenarios de tasas de interés y de inflación
Authors: Sánchez Arroyo Abdón
Published: May 2021

En economías con alta inflación los esquemas tradicionales de amortización de crédito resultan en un pago acelerado del capital en términos reales. Para evitar esto último, en la década de los 80s se diseñaron esquemas de amortización de pagos crecientes, que se fijaban de antemano. Ejemplos de estos esquemas son los "créditos aficorcados" que garantizan pagos constantes a valor presente, los esquemas de crédito para la vivienda que garantizan pagos constantes en términos de la tasa salarial, y finalmente los esquemas de pago que garantizan amortizaciones reales determinadas. En este artículo se discuten diversos esquemas de liquidación de créditos incluyendo los arriba mencionados, con el objetivo de proporcionar mecanismos de reestructuración de la cartera crediticia del sistema bancario nacional, lo cual puede llegar a ser necesario debido a las altas tasas de interés que imperan en el mercado nacional hoy en día. Además, se introduce un esquema de pago que en términos generales engloba a todos los esquemas de pagos descritos con anterioridad y que en situaciones como la que hoy atraviesa la economía mexicana puede ser de gran utilidad en las tareas de reestructuración de la deuda tanto interna como externa
DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS BASED BEVERAGE UTILIZING BACOPA MONNIERI
Authors: De Twamoghna , Kumar Purushottam , Pal Jayati
Published: May 2021

The study was done to formulate a drink from an old medicinal herb and retain all the potential benets with a new taste
and avor. For this an herbal drink was formulated and its quality ascertained. In the rst part of the study, syrup was
prepared from the raw leaves of the herb with addition of acids and avors. Then this syrup was diluted further followed by carbonation with 1:3
ratio of soda water and bottled. Three samples were prepared namely, T1 (same as previous but with 1:3 ratio carbonation and dividing the sample
hot lled and cold lled ). In the next part, prepared samples were subjected to sensory evaluation,chemical and microbial analysis when fresh and
0
after regular intervals at room temperature (27±1 °C) and refrigerated temperature (below 7 C). Microbial analysis of the product was done to
check the quality of the herbal drink and self-life of the product. The control sample T1 cold lled was the most acceptable due to its unique taste
and avor, followed by sample T1( hot lled) . The present study entailed to conclude that preparation of a drink with B. monnieri leaf extracts
gives a new taste and avor with high nutritional values. This drink can be stored safe for nearly a month if carbonated and storage at refrigerated
0
temperature (below 5 C).
PREVALENCE OF MICROBIOTA ASSOCIATED TO VAGINAL DISCHARGE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP BASED ON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND
Authors: Yadav Neha , Panwar Sonu
Published: May 2021

In women of reproductive age, vaginal discharge is one of the most frequent signs. Vaginal discharge may be
physiological or pathological; thus, this study was conducted to ascertain the microbial diversity of vaginal discharge
cases in relation to socioeconomic status and demographic history among women of reproductive age attending a tertiary care hospital. To
diagnose the organism, simple wet laboratory preparation, 10% KOH, Gram staining, and pH paper were used, while to classify and categorise the
pathogens, various differential agar media such as CHROM agar, Blood agar, and Sabouraud Dextrose agar were used, followed by some
biochemical tests and the use of the Nugent Score. The majority of the patients were between the ages of 22 and 28. The patients were all from the
lower middle class 41. (37.61 percent ). Microbial diagnosis revealed that 45 percent of patients had Bacterial Vaginosis, 41 percent had
Candidiasis, 5% had Trichomoniasis, and 9% had both Bacterial Vaginosis and Candidiasis..
THE 4T REJUVENATION: ASSOCIATION OF PAN-FACIAL PMMA FILLING, FRACTIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE LASER, RADIOFREQUENCY, AND BOTULINUM TOXIN
Authors: Chacur Roberto , Menezes Honório Sampaio , da Silva Chacur Nívea Maria Bordin , Bier Ruth Teresa , Alves Danuza Dias , Mafaldo Rodrigo Cadore , de Vargas Vicenzo Stein , Oliveira Bataiolli Renata D' , Nardi Raissa , Marchesin de Castro Gabriella Andressa , Dias Gomes Manuela Guimarães
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The use of associated less invasive techniques can be an alternative skin rejuvenation treatment.
Objective: To demonstrate the efcacy and safety of the 4T treatment. Methods: Retrospective study of patients that
underwent rejuvenation treatment using 4 different techniques simultaneously: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) lling, fractional CO laser, 2
radiofrequency, and botulinum toxin. More than 1,400 patients who underwent this treatment between December 2009 and July 2019 were
analyzed. Results were very good in all patients submitted to the 4T technique as documented by pic Results: tures, assessment of the medical
team and by the patients. Follow-up was similar to the single use of CO2 laser with edema for 2-3 days, additional 3-4 days until complete skin
scaling and decrease of the swelling (downtime 5-7 days). It was possible to reestablish the natural volumetric loss caused by ageing and there
were no complications in any patient. Conclusion: Treatment with the 4T technique is effective and safe for facial rejuvenation and can enhance a
good aesthetic result as assessed by physicians and patients.
PLATELET VOLUME INDICES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Kumar Varsha , Sachan Parul , Bhargava Mudita , Gupta Arvind , Misra Vatsala
Published: May 2021

Purpose:Chronic kidney disease is dened as decreased kidney function shown by GFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73
m2 or markers of kidney damage, or both, of at least 3 months duration, regardless of underlying cause. The best indicator
of overall kidney function is estimated glomerular ltration rate (eGFR) evaluated using the MDRD formula.
Method: A cross sectional study was done wherein 142 cases of Chronic Kidney disease and 28 age matched healthy controls were enrolled.
2 2 Cases were divided into 4 groups according to the estimated eGFR: Group – 1: 60-89 ml/ min/1.73m ; Group– 2: 30-59 ml/ min/1.73m ; Group -
2 2
3: 15-29 ml/ min/1.73m and Group - 4 : < 15 ml/ min/1.73 m . Complete blood count including platelet volume indices and laboratory
parameters were estimated. Parameters were also compared by dividing cases in to 2 groups: eGFR low group= eGFR< 60 ml/minute/1.73m2
2
and GFR high group = GFR > 60 ml/min per 1.73m
Results: Mean ages of CKD patients in males was 51.5±18.3 years and in females were 44.9±16.9 years with a male to female ratio as 1.84:1.
Platelet count, Mean platelet volume, Plateletcrit and Platelet distribution width showed signicant difference between eGFR low and high
group.
Conclusion: MPV and PDW were signicantly higher in eGFR low group compared to eGFR high group which may explain the increase in
atherothrombotic risk in patients with slightly impaired renal function. Greater care is necessary during treatment of patients with higher MPVs,
however further studies are required to establish the relationship between platelet indices and progression of CKD.
PATTERN OF OCULAR MORBIDITIES - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON SCHOOL CHILDREN IN AMRITSAR, PUNJAB, NORTH INDIA.
Authors: Bala Saroj , Kaur Prempal , Kumar Raj
Published: May 2021

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and to make a comparison between the ocular morbidity pattern in school going
children of government and private schools of urban area of Amritsar. A school-based cross-sectional study design was
adopted to examine children aged 5–15 years in randomly selected government and private schools of Amritsar. The prevalence of ocular
morbidity was 18.92% (16.29% government, 21.05% private). Refractive errors showed a signicantly higher prevalence (P < 0.05%) in the
private (19.94%) as compared to the government schools (14.91%). This study was the rst of its kind in Amritsar, it revealed that refractive errors,
Squint, spring catarrh, seborrhoeic blepharitis and stye are important causes of ocular morbidities. Refractive errors were most common ocular
disorder. The majority of the causes are either treatable or preventable. Ongoing school health program should be strengthened to reduce the
prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive errors