bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Steroid-Induced Lipoatrophy Following Transverse Abdominis Plane Block With Serial Intralesional Isotonic Saline Injections: A Case Report
Authors: DeJulio Paul A. , Vallabh Jayesh C. , Sopkovich Jennifer A.
Published: August 2021

A transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block is one option in the management of chronic groin pain after inguinal hernia repair. Steroid-induced lipoatrophy following local injection is an infrequent complication of this procedure, but can be distressing to patients when it does occur. A 36-year-old male patient of ours sustained this rare procedural complication and underwent successful reversal of the lipoatrophy through serial intralesional isotonic saline injections. The serial intralesional injection of isotonic saline is technically simple and may be an effective means of treating lipoatrophy. Pain specialists may opt to treat this procedural complication rather than refer to dermatology.
The homeobox gene TGIF1 is required for chicken ovarian cortical development and generation of the juxtacortical medulla
Authors: Estermann Martin Andres , Hirst Claire Elizabeth , Major Andrew Thomas , Smith Craig Allen
Published: August 2021

During early embryogenesis in amniotic vertebrates, the gonads differentiate into either ovaries or testes. The first cell lineage to differentiate gives rise to the supporting cells: Sertoli cells in males and pre-granulosa cells in females. These key cell types direct the differentiation of the other cell types in the gonad, including steroidogenic cells. The gonadal surface epithelium and the interstitial cell populations are less well studied, and little is known about their sexual differentiation programs. Here, we show the requirement of the homeobox transcription factor gene TGIF1 for ovarian development in the chicken embryo. TGIF1 is expressed in the two principal ovarian somatic cell populations: the cortex and the pre-granulosa cells of the medulla. TGIF1 expression is associated with an ovarian phenotype in estrogen-mediated sex reversal experiments. Targeted misexpression and gene knockdown indicate that TGIF1 is required, but not sufficient, for proper ovarian cortex formation. In addition, TGIF1 is identified as the first known regulator of juxtacortical medulla development. These findings provide new insights into chicken ovarian differentiation and development, specifically cortical and juxtacortical medulla formation.
A decade of multi-modality PET and MR imaging in abdominal oncology
Authors: Min Lisa A. , Castagnoli Francesca , Vogel Wouter V. , Vellenga Jisk P. , van Griethuysen Joost J.M. , Lahaye Max J. , Maas Monique , Beets Tan Regina G.H. , Lambregts Doenja M.J.
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

To investigate trends observed in a decade of published research on multimodality PET(/CT)+MR imaging in abdominal oncology, and to explore how these trends are reflected by the use of multimodality imaging performed at our institution.

Methods:

First, we performed a literature search (2009–2018) including all papers published on the multimodality combination of PET(/CT) and MRI in abdominal oncology. Retrieved papers were categorized according to a structured labelling system, including study design and outcome, cancer and lesion type under investigation and PET-tracer type. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and evolutions over time were plotted graphically. Second, we performed a descriptive analysis of the numbers of MRI, PET/CT and multimodality PET/CT+MRI combinations (performed within a ≤14 days interval) performed during a similar time span at our institution.

Results:

Published research papers involving multimodality PET(/CT)+MRI combinations showed an impressive increase in numbers, both for retrospective combinations of PET/CT and MRI, as well as hybrid PET/MRI. Main areas of research included new PET-tracers, visual PET(/CT)+MRI assessment for staging, and (semi-)quantitative analysis of PET-parameters compared to or combined with MRI-parameters as predictive biomarkers. In line with literature, we also observed a vast increase in numbers of multimodality PET/CT+MRI imaging in our institutional data.

Conclusions:

The tremendous increase in published literature on multimodality imaging, reflected by our institutional data, shows the continuously growing interest in comprehensive multivariable imaging evaluations to guide oncological practice.

Advances in knowledge:

The role of multimodality imaging in oncology is rapidly evolving. This paper summarizes the main applications and recent developments in multimodality imaging, with a specific focus on the combination of PET+MRI in abdominal oncology.
Personalization from Customer Data Aggregation Using List Price
Authors: Xu Zibin , Dukes Anthony
Published: August 2021

When consumers’ inferences of their reservation values are subject to environmental noise, firms can use customer data aggregation to obtain superior knowledge. This facilitates personalized pricing but may also induce consumer suspicions of overpaying. To alleviate the suspicions and convince consumers of their value, the firm may design its personalization scheme to include a list price in addition to the personalized prices. We find that only a separating equilibrium with list pricing survives the intuitive criterion. Specifically, when consumers underestimate their value, it is essential to use a binding list price to inform the consumers about the market’s price ceiling. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, the firm cannot abuse its informational advantage to steer consumers into overestimation, and price discrimination may strictly benefit the consumers who avoid overpaying.

This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.
Thinking curriculum
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: August 2021

Curriculum is a ‘hot topic’ at the moment in all phases of education, but perhaps nowhere more so than in the early years. Sue Cowley takes a look at what the DfE and Ofsted have been saying and how settings have responded.
Rewards and challenges
Authors: Francis Emily
Published: August 2021

As one-year ends and another begins I would like to reflect on some of the most prominent rewards and challenges we have faced over the course of this pandemic.
We need to talk about tracking - Practitioners' perspectives on assessment
Authors: Meechan David
Published: August 2021

The following article discusses the current opportunity within the early years sector to review and improve assessment processes, providing a context, current practices and points for reflection. This is the first article in a four-part series from David Meechan's current research.
Supporting language
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: August 2021

As part of inclusive practice it is vital to ensure we are supporting children's language needs and skills. In this third article of a four part SEND series, Claire Hewson looks at the importance of identifying and supporting children's language needs early on, including tracking progress and the graduated approach.
Expressive arts and active play
Authors: Swift Tania
Published: August 2021

So much of expressive arts and design can be experienced when children are on the move, during child-directed play, as well as during more structured activities, inside and out.
Child-centred assessment
Authors: Kilgour Stephen
Published: August 2021

Stephen Kilgour, from the Foundation Stage Forum and Tapestry, discusses the problem with moving away from tick-list style assessments for children with learning differences.
Football fun
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: August 2021

Football opens up the chance for you and your children to explore healthy lifestyles, your favourite teams and the history of your local clubs.
High-efficiency Ho:YLF slab laser with 125  W continuous-wave output power
Authors: Wang Qingchen , Long Qunlong , Gao Yuan , Xue Jianyong , Xu Zhaopeng , Mao Yefei , Wang Lei
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a compact and efficient Ho:YLF slab laser that is pumped by a self-made Tm:YAP slab laser. The maximum output power of 125 W at 2064 nm was obtained with the incident pump power of 245 W. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for an Ho:YLF laser oscillator to reach hundred-watts-level output power. The slope efficiency with respect to the incident pump power was 62.5%, and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was 51%. The RMS instability of the maximum output power was measured to be 0.24% in 30 min. The beam quality factors

M

2

were 475 and 1.59 in the

x

and

y

directions, respectively.
Compact setup to determine size and concentration of spherical particles in a turbid medium
Authors: Gupta Kalpak , Shenoy M. R.
Published: August 2021

We propose a compact setup to determine the size and concentration of
spherical particles in a turbid medium. A pair of plane mirrors is
used to multifold the undeviated laser beam, and measure it at a
detector placed close to the sample, to determine the interaction
coefficient. The size of particles is uniquely determined by
comparison of the scattered light from the medium, measured at two
separate detectors placed at two different angular positions, with
that from Monte Carlo simulations. The methodology is verified using
measurements with turbid samples comprising polystyrene spheres.
Investigation on a multiwindow spin Hall effect and its applications based on a periodic superconducting structure with evanescent waves
Authors: Ma Yu , Wang Pengxiang , Zhang Haifeng
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a periodic superconducting structure (PSS) with a multiwindow spin Hall effect (SHE) is proposed. Through using the multipeak and angle-sensitive characteristics of the evanescent wave, transmission defects at different angles are achieved for

p

waves and

s

waves. Based on this, the multiwindow SHE can be obtained by controlling the number of transmission peaks. Both the horizontal and vertical components possess a considerable displacement. The number of the window is inversely proportional to the value of displacement. The effects of temperature and ordinary dielectric on the two displacements are also discussed. The calculated results show that the temperature has little impact. While the refractive index of ordinary dielectric increases from 1.924 to 2.124, the positions of the two displacements quickly grow from 0° to 80°. Besides, a linear range can be found, and the optimal sensitivity can reach over

253.9

∘

⋅

R
I
U

−
1

, which is suitable for detecting tiny changes in the refractive index. Our investigation provides theoretical guidance for obtaining the multiwindow SHE and a refractive index sensor with high precision.
Orientation-dependent fiber-optic accelerometer based on eccentric fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Chen Fengyi , Wang Ruohui , Li Xingyong , Qiao Xueguang
Published: August 2021

A highly localized eccentric fiber Bragg grating (EFBG) accelerometer was proposed, and its orientation-dependent measurement results were demonstrated experimentally. An EFBG was inscribed point-by-point (PbP) in a single-mode fiber (SMF) using a femtosecond laser, and the cladding mode was recoupled to excite the ghost mode through an abrupt taper. Owing to the asymmetry caused by the lateral offset of the EFBG, the ghost mode showed a significant directional response to acceleration. Furthermore, monitoring the fundamental core mode resonance can help calibrate accidental power perturbation or cross-sensitivity.
Coupling scheme for graphene saturable absorber in a linear cavity mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Hua Kuo , Wang D. N.
Published: August 2021

A saturable absorber based on a graphene layer covered single-mode fiber with inner short waveguides is proposed and demonstrated for a linear cavity Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser. A pair of short waveguides is written in the fiber by using femtosecond micromachining technology, and the propagating light is guided by one short waveguide to the cladding-air interface and interacts with the graphene layer in the form of evanescent waves before being collected back to the core by another short waveguide, and, as a result, the saturable absorption is excited. The designed saturable absorber is used in the passively mode-locked fiber laser to generate traditional soliton mode-locked pulse output with the center wavelength of 1564.9 nm and pulse width of 758 fs at the fundamental frequency of 22.58 MHz. The fabricated saturable absorber device is stable in operation, compact in structure, safe for thermal damage, and can effectively overcome the shortcomings of poor robustness of the saturable absorbers based on a tapered fiber and D-shaped fiber. This provides a new optical coupling scheme for saturable absorbers based on 2D materials such as graphene and has great potential application in the field of ultrashort pulse lasers.
Effect of an ultrathin molybdenum trioxide interlayer on the performance of inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Canh , Choi Woon-Seop
Published: August 2021

Quantum dots are a promising new candidate for use as emissive materials in the next generation of light-emitting diodes for lighting and display applications. One of the key issues in the solution preparation of inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QDLEDs) is making a suitable sandwich structure of hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. We solved this problem by inserting an ultrathin film of thermally evaporated MoO3 between a hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS layer and a hydrophobic PVK layer by controlling the delicate process. Inverted QD LEDs with an optimal MoO3 thickness of 5 nm exhibited a maximum current efficiency of nearly 4 cd A−1, a maximum EQE of 2.7682%, and a maximum luminance of 9317 cd m−2. Furthermore, the MoO3 interlayer extends the lifetime of the QDLED devices to approximately 300%.
Dynamic focusing in low-coherence quantitative phase imaging with decoupling of spatio-temporal coherence gating and geometric focusing
Authors: Suzuki Natsuki , Yamauchi Toyohiko , Yamada Hidenao , Ishii Katsuhiro
Published: August 2021

We describe an approach for arbitrarily adjusting the focal positions in quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on a Linnik interferometer. Our setup employs a unique sample configuration in which transparent objects are imaged by a Linnik interferometer. By introducing a focus-tunable lens on top of the Linnik interferometer, we successfully decoupled the spatio-temporal coherence gating from the focal positioning and achieved dynamic focusing without disturbing the optical path length. Depth-sectioned quantitative phase images of polystyrene beads and live cultured cells were obtained without mechanical scanning.
Akzeptanz und Effekte der Digitalisierung in der Hochschulverwaltung
Authors: Lemcke Stefanie , Lehmann Ariane , Trommler Denny , Lucke Ulrike
Published: August 2021

Wie in allen Bereichen des öffentlichen Sektors werden auch Verwaltungsleistungen und -prozesse an Universitäten zunehmend digitalisiert. Dabei liegt der Fokus oftmals auf dem studentischen Lebenszyklus, doch auch die Ressourcen-Verwaltung, wie beispielsweise die Personal- und Finanzverwaltung, werden verstärkt digital unterstützt. Dabei stehen oft Effizienzsteigerungen im Vordergrund. Zentrale Fragestellungen sind zudem die Nutzungsorientierung und die Auswirkungen der umgesetzten Lösungen. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Studie vorgestellt, die am Beispiel der internen Genehmigungsprozesse von Beschaffungsanträgen und Drittmittelanzeigen an der Universität Potsdam untersucht, ob eine digitale Unterstützung durch das dafür eingeführte System die erwarteten Vorteile aufweist. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zur erreichbaren Effizienzsteigerung werden nun auch die Kriterien Benutzungsfreundlichkeit und Akzeptanz in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Dafür wurden neben Datenerhebungen im System auch Nutzendenbefragungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse im Bereich Effizienz bestätigen die Aussagen der ersten Studie, dass nur in bestimmten Verwaltungsbereichen beziehungsweise Prozessschritten die Effizienz des Arbeitens durch den Einsatz digitaler Medien gestiegen ist. Diese werden nun in Empfehlungen für notwendige Ressourcen-Verschiebungen im Zuge der Digitalisierung der Verwaltung überführt. Darüber hinaus konnten detaillierte Hinweise abgeleitet werden, durch welche Hilfsfunktionen im digitalen Prozess das Arbeiten unterstützt wird und wie diese in den verschiedenen Bearbeitungsschritten genutzt werden. Zudem ergeben sich aus der Studie Erkenntnisse über die wahrgenommene Arbeitserleichterung und Transparenz in verschiedenen Bearbeitungsschritten. Diese und weitere Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung werden ausgewertet und diskutiert.
Glycerol suppresses glucose consumption in trypanosomes through metabolic contest
Authors: Allmann Stefan , Wargnies Marion , Plazolles Nicolas , Cahoreau Edern , Biran Marc , Morand Pauline , Pineda Erika , Kulyk Hanna , Asencio Corinne , Villafraz Oriana , Rivière Loïc , Tetaud Emmanuel , Rotureau Brice , Mourier Arnaud , Portais Jean-Charles , Bringaud Frédéric
Published: August 2021

Microorganisms must make the right choice for nutrient consumption to adapt to their changing environment. As a consequence, bacteria and yeasts have developed regulatory mechanisms involving nutrient sensing and signaling, known as “catabolite repression,” allowing redirection of cell metabolism to maximize the consumption of an energy-efficient carbon source. Here, we report a new mechanism named “metabolic contest” for regulating the use of carbon sources without nutrient sensing and signaling. Trypanosoma brucei is a unicellular eukaryote transmitted by tsetse flies and causing human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness. We showed that, in contrast to most microorganisms, the insect stages of this parasite developed a preference for glycerol over glucose, with glucose consumption beginning after the depletion of glycerol present in the medium. This “metabolic contest” depends on the combination of 3 conditions: (i) the sequestration of both metabolic pathways in the same subcellular compartment, here in the peroxisomal-related organelles named glycosomes; (ii) the competition for the same substrate, here ATP, with the first enzymatic step of the glycerol and glucose metabolic pathways both being ATP-dependent (glycerol kinase and hexokinase, respectively); and (iii) an unbalanced activity between the competing enzymes, here the glycerol kinase activity being approximately 80-fold higher than the hexokinase activity. As predicted by our model, an approximately 50-fold down-regulation of the GK expression abolished the preference for glycerol over glucose, with glucose and glycerol being metabolized concomitantly. In theory, a metabolic contest could be found in any organism provided that the 3 conditions listed above are met.
Cerebral hemodynamic response during a live action-observation and action-execution task: A fNIRS study
Authors: Miguel Helga O. , Condy Emma E. , Nguyen Thien , Zeytinoglu Selin , Blick Emily , Bress Kimberly , Khaksari Kosar , Dashtestani Hadis , Millerhagen John , Shahmohammadi Sheida , Fox Nathan A. , Gandjbakhche Amir
Published: August 2021

Although many studies have examined the location of the action observation network (AON) in human adults, the shared neural correlates of action-observation and action-execution are still unclear partially due to lack of ecologically valid neuroimaging measures. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure the neural correlates of action-observation and action execution regions during a live task. Thirty adults reached for objects or observed an experimenter reaching for objects while their cerebral hemodynamic responses including oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) were recorded in the sensorimotor and parietal regions. Our results indicated that the parietal regions, including bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL), bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL), right supra-marginal region (SMG) and right angular gyrus (AG) share neural activity during action-observation and action-execution. Our findings confirm the applicability of fNIRS for the study of the AON and lay the foundation for future work with developmental and clinical populations.
Role of metal complexation on the solubility and enzymatic hydrolysis of phytate
Authors: Sun Mingjing , He Zhongqi , Jaisi Deb P.
Published: August 2021

Phytate is a dominant form of organic phosphorus (P) in the environment. Complexation and precipitation with polyvalent metal ions can stabilize phytate, thereby significantly hinder the hydrolysis by enzymes. Here, we studied the stability and hydrolyzability of environmentally relevant metal phytate complexes (Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Fe, Al/Fe, Mn, and Cd) under different pHs, presence of metal chelators, and thermal conditions. Our results show that the order of solubility of metal phytate complexes is as follows: i) for metal species: Na, Ca, Mg > Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd > Al, Fe, ii) under different pHs: pH 5.0 > pH 7.5), and iii) in the presence of chelators: EDTA> citric acid. Phytate-metal complexes are mostly resistant towards acid hydrolysis (except Al-phytate), and dry complexes are generally stable at high pressure and temperature under autoclave conditions (except Ca phytate). Inhibition of metal complex towards enzymatic hydrolysis by Aspergillus niger phytase was variable but found to be highest in Fe phytate complex. Strong chelating agents such as EDTA are insufficient for releasing metals from the complexes unless the reduction of metals (such as Fe) occurs first. The insights gained from this research are expected to contribute to the current understanding of the fate of phytate in the presence of various metals that are commonly present in agricultural soils.
Are neighbourhoods of tuberculosis cases a high-risk population for active intervention? A protocol for tuberculosis active case finding
Authors: Alisjahbana Bachti , Koesoemadinata Raspati Cundarani , Hadisoemarto Panji Fortuna , Lestari Bony Wiem , Hartati Sri , Chaidir Lidya , Huang Chuan-Chin , Murray Megan , Hill Philip Campbell , McAllister Susan Margaret
Published: August 2021

Background

Indonesia has the second largest tuberculosis (TB) burden globally. Attempts to scale-up TB control efforts have focused on TB households. However, in most high burden settings, considerable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission occurs outside TB households. A better understanding of transmission dynamics in an urban setting in Indonesia will be crucial for the TB Control Program in scaling up efforts towards elimination of TB in a more targeted way. Therefore, the study aims to measure TB prevalence and incidence in household contacts and neighbourhoods in the vicinity of known TB cases and to assess their genomic and epidemiological relatedness.

Methods and analysis

Individuals (~1000) living in the same household as a case diagnosed with pulmonary TB (n = 250) or in a neighbouring household (~4500 individuals) will be screened for TB symptoms and by chest x-ray. Two sputum samples will be collected for microbiological analysis from anyone with a productive cough. Any person found to have TB will be treated by the National TB Control Program. All those with no evidence of TB disease will have a repeat screen at 12 months. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and social network analysis (SNA) will be conducted on Index cases and contacts diagnosed with TB.
What it takes to save lives: An assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in temporary COVID-19 isolation and treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia: A mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Tamene Aiggan
Published: August 2021

Background

Quality water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities act as barricades to the transmission of COVID-19 in health care facilities. These facilities ought to also be available, accessible, and functional in temporary treatment centers. Despite numerous studies on health care facilities, however, there is limited information on the status of WASH facilities in such centers.

Methods

The assessment of health care facilities for the COVID-19 response checklist and key informant interviews, were used for data collection. 35 treatment centers in Southern Ethiopia were surveyed. Eightkey informants were interviewed to gain an understanding of the WASH conditions in the treatment centers. The Quantitative data was entered using EPI-INFO 7 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Results are presented using descriptive statistics. Open Code 4.02 was used for the thematic analysis of the qualitative data.

Results

Daily water supply interruptions occurred at 27 (77.1%) of the surveyed sites. Only 30 (85.72%) had bathrooms that were segregated for personnel and patients, and only 3 (3.57%) had toilets that were handicapped accessible. 20(57.2%) of the treatment centers did not have a hand hygiene protocol that satisfied WHO guidelines. In terms of infection prevention and control, 16 (45.71%) of the facilities lacked adequate personal protective equipment stocks. Between urban and rural areas, there was also a significant difference in latrine maintenance, hand hygiene protocol design and implementation, and incineration capacity.

Conclusion

The results reveal crucial deficiencies in the provision of WASH in the temporary COVID-19 treatment centers. Efforts to improve WASH should offer priority to hygiene service interventions to minimize the risk of healthcare-acquired infections. The sustainable provision of hygiene services, such as hand washing soap, should also be given priority.
Association of high myopia with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with hypertension
Authors: Lee Min-Woo , Lim Hyung-Bin , Koo Hyung-Moon , Lee Young-Hoon , Kim Jung-Yeul
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To identify the impacts of hypertension (HTN), high myopia, and the combination thereof on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness.

Methods

All subjects were divided into four groups: control (group 1); patients with HTN without high myopia (group 2); patients with high myopia without HTN (group 3); and patients with both HTN and high myopia (group 4). The pRNFL thicknesses were compared using a one-way analysis of variance. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting pRNFL thickness in subjects with and without HTN.

Results

The mean pRNFL thicknesses were 93.9±8.8, 88.7±6.8, 86.4±8.1, and 82.5±9.6 μm in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and differed significantly (P<0.001). On multivariate linear regression analyses, age (β = -0.181, P = 0.044), axial length (β = -1.491, P<0.001), and HTN (β = -4.876, P = 0.044) significantly affected pRNFL thickness. Additionally, age and axial length affected the pRNFL thickness in subjects with HTN (age, β = -0.254, P = 0.020; axial length, β = -1.608, P<0.001) much more than in subjects without HTN (age, β = -0.028, P = 0.712; axial length, β = -1.324, P<0.001).

Conclusions

High myopia and HTN affected pRNFL reduction and a combination of the 2 diseases exacerbated pRNFL damage. This could be a confounding factor in interpreting pRNFL thickness in patients with ophthalmic diseases affecting the pRNFL thickness when combined with the 2 diseases.
Determination of the lipid composition of the GPI anchor
Authors: Aguilera-Romero Auxiliadora , Sabido-Bozo Susana , Lopez Sergio , Cortes-Gomez Alejandro , Rodriguez-Gallardo Sofia , Perez-Linero Ana Maria , Riezman Isabelle , Riezman Howard , Muñiz Manuel
Published: August 2021

In eukaryotic cells, a subset of cell surface proteins is attached by the glycolipid glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane where they play important roles as enzymes, receptors, or adhesion molecules. Here we present a protocol for purification and mass spectrometry analysis of the lipid moiety of individual GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in yeast. The method involves the expression of a specific GPI-AP tagged with GFP, solubilization, immunoprecipitation, separation by electrophoresis, blotting onto PVDF, release and extraction of the GPI-lipid moiety and analysis by mass spectrometry. By using this protocol, we could determine the precise GPI-lipid structure of the GPI-AP Gas1-GFP in a modified yeast strain. This protocol can be used to identify the lipid composition of the GPI anchor of distinct GPI-APs from yeast to mammals and can be adapted to determine other types of protein lipidation.
Understanding a population: A methodology for a population-based coastal safety survey
Authors: Lawes Jasmin C. , Uebelhoer Lea , Koon William , Strasiotto Luke , Anne Frederic , Daw Shane , Brander Robert W. , Mulcahy Nick , Peden Amy E.
Published: August 2021

Drowning is a global public health problem, but accurately estimating drowning risk remains a challenge. Coastal drowning comprises a significant proportion of the drowning burden in Australia and is influenced by a range of behavioural factors (e.g. risk perception, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours) that are poorly understood. These factors, along with those that impact exposure (e.g. coastal visitation and activity participation) all impact on drowning risk. While excellent mortality and morbidity data exists in Australia, a lack of coastal participation data presents challenges to identifying high-risk groups or activities and prioritising prevention efforts. This methods paper describes the development and evolution of an ongoing, annual, nationally representative online survey as an effective tool used to capture valuable data about the Australian population’s relationship with the coast. This paper explores how the survey is structured (12–14 sections spanning multiple topics and themes), the different question types used (including open text, 4-digit responses and categorical questions), the sample size (1400–1600 respondents), sampling strategy (using demographic quota sampling which can then be post-weighted to the population if required) and how topics and themes have changed over time to enhance the quality of data collected (i.e., wording changes to enhance participant comprehension or data usability and changing issue-specific ‘feature’ topics of interest such as campaign evaluation). How the survey is implemented online is described, both practically through to third-party recruitment processes and ethically to maximise anonymity of respondents and ensure data quality. Interim analyses indicate the impact of considering exposure when calculating fatal drowning rates, especially by activity (e.g., crude boating drowning rate 0.12 per 100,000 population vs 0.95 per 100,000 exposed population [relative risk = 8.01; 95% confidence interval: 4.55–14.10]). This study highlights lessons learned in the process of conducting a nationally representative coastal participation survey as well as the strengths and limitations of adopting this approach. Data collected will provide more detailed information on the skills, behaviours, knowledge and attitudes of coastal activity participants. Analyses of this unique dataset will inform research that will underpin development and evaluation of coastal drowning prevention initiatives prioritising those most at risk. It is hoped that the methods detailed within this study may be useful for other countries to develop similar approaches to understanding their own population.
Cost-efficient pre-commercial thinning: effects of method and season of early cleaning
Authors: Uotila Karri , Saksa Timo
Published: August 2021

This studyâs aim was to identify how the application season and the method of early cleaning (EC), the first stage of multistage pre-commercial thinning (PCT), affected the time consumption in EC and in the subsequent second PCT operation. The worktime in EC was recorded in the spring, summer, and autumn in 22 sites, which were either totally cleaned or point cleaned. Later, these sites were measured at the time of the second PCT. Time consumption was estimated in PCT, based on the removal of the sites. The time consumption in EC was 5.3 productive work hours (pwh) ha, 7.3 pwh ha, and 6.2 pwh ha respectively in the spring, summer, and autumn. EC in the spring instead of the summer saved 27â30% of working time, depending on the cleaning method. Point cleaning was 0.8 pwh ha quicker than total cleaning, but the difference was statistically insignificant. The second stage, PCT, was 1 pwh ha slower to conduct in sites which had been early cleaned in the spring instead of the summer. However, at the entire management program level, EC applied in the spring or autumn instead of the summer saved 11% or 5% respectively of the total discounted costs (3% interest rate) of multistage pre-commercial thinning. Today, the commonest time to conduct EC is in the summer, which was the most expensive of the analyzed management alternatives here. We can expect savings in juvenile stand management in forestry throughout boreal conifer forests by rethinking the seasonal workforce allocation.â1â1â1â1â1
Formação e estilização ortográfica de nomes sociais de pessoas transgêneros
Authors: Souza Josy Maria Alves de , Prado Natália Cristine
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho objetiva investigar os processos de formação de nomes sociais de pessoas trans, observando sua relação com os prenomes desses sujeitos. Como objetivos secundários, pretende-se investigar se ocorre estilização ortográfica das renomeações e se os nomes adotados são usuais do Português Brasileiro.  O estudo tem uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e foi realizado a partir de um corpus constituído de 50 nomes sociais de transgêneros que responderam questionário na plataforma Google.doc. Constatamos que, majoritariamente, as pessoas transgêneros preferem nome social sem identidade morfológica com o nome que lhe fora atribuído ao nascimento. Dentre os nomes com identidade morfológica, observou-se que os processos de formação mais utilizados são: derivação, flexão e braquissemia. Constatou-se que 82% dos nomes sociais são usuais do Português Brasileiro e, desses, 58% são dicionarizados, 14% são variantes dicionarizadas e 43% apresentam ortografia estilizada por duplicação consonantal, inserção ou troca de grafemas. Em relação aos aspectos identitários e às renomeações, as pessoas transgêneros que colaboraram com esta pesquisa marcam, no seu nome social, um distanciamento entre a primeira e a sua nova identidade de gênero.
Dicionário Rikbaktsa- Português
Authors: Mateus Iago David
Published: August 2021

Pretendemos, neste texto, desenvolver uma reflexão metalexicográfica acerca sobretudo da primeira das seções do Dicionário Rikbaktsa-Português de Tremaine (2007), analisando nele a existência (ou inexistência) de um caráter didático-pedagógico. Dizendo de maneira mais específica, pretendemos averiguar se certas escolhas macro e microestruturais da dicionarista de modo geral auxiliariam ou não o consulente/usuário e se elas facilitariam as consultas ou apenas contribuiriam para gerar mais dúvidas. Para tanto, numa seção introdutória, apresentamos questões problemáticas na documentação do léxico das línguas em geral e no debate sobre a utilização de dicionários em sala de aula; problemas estes que justificam este trabalho. Em seguida, apresentamos as teorias que utilizamos para efetuar nossa análise a fim de, numa seção posterior, trazermos nossas considerações acerca do Dicionário mencionado acima. Seguem nossas considerações finais e a bibliografia.
Determinantes da Probabilidade de Subnotificação de Crimes Contra o Patrimônio no Brasil
Authors: Cléssia Martins Adrielle , Camargos Teixeira Evandro , Dionizio Silva Gercione
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os determinantes da probabilidade de subnotificação de crimes contra o patrimônio no Brasil. Para isso, modelou-se o processo de decisão da vítima em registrar ou não a vitimização à polícia, fundamentando-se na hipótese de racionalidade econômica através das informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2009. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram estimados dois modelos Probit, um para furtos e outro para roubos, encontrando-se evidências de que algumas características socioeconômicas e demográficas da vítima, tais como idade, escolaridade, renda e região de residência determinam sua decisão de registrar ou não o crime.
Modo de Transporte e Tempo de Comutação na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Day Gama Luiz Carlos , Braz Golgher André
Published: August 2021

Objetiva-se analisar a relação entre modo de transporte utilizado e tempo gasto no deslocamento casa-trabalho na RMSP. Supõe-se que regiões de residência e trabalho exerçam influência na decisão de modal de deslocamento. Os resultados mostram que: áreas com probabilidade elevada dos trabalhadores utilizarem transporte privado também apresentam elevada probabilidade de utilização de transporte coletivo; a escolha por transporte privado é atrelada ao nível de instrução e renda do trabalhador. Sugerem-se três alternativas para melhorias de acessibilidade: introdução de pedágios; aumento de faixas exclusivas para ônibus; em horários de pico, faixas exclusivas para carros com um número mínimo de ocupantes.
O Impacto da Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu sobre o Estado de Saúde Mental do Brasileiro
Authors: Sant'ana Kuenka Barbara
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo investigou o impacto dos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu sobre o estado de saúde mental do acadêmico brasileiro. Aplicou-se a metodologia Propensity Score Matching a informações da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), utilizando o diagnóstico de depressão clínica como proxy para o estado de saúde mental das observações. Resultados confirmaram o efeito depreciativo e estatisticamente relevante dos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu sobre o estado de saúde mental dos indivíduos da amostra analisada, especialmente sobre os homens. Estes achados refletem a necessidade de medidas de prevenção e incentivo do debate sobre saúde mental no círculo acadêmico.
Alterações na Cobertura do Solo em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Lima Silvia Maria Santana Andrade , Lopes Wilza Gomes Reis , Façanha Antonio Cardoso
Published: August 2021

No processo de expansão urbana destacam-se os impactos da perda de cobertura vegetal e da impermeabilização do solo, que representam elementos indicadores da qualidade ambiental urbana. Nas cidades que mantêm seu dinamismo e atratividade, o crescimento desordenado com acelerado processo de aumento populacional associado à ocupação de mais solos, pode ser um problema. Teresina, capital do Piauí, apresenta dificuldades como outras cidades brasileiras, marcada por uma expansão urbana crescente e espraiada. Neste artigo tem-se como objetivo, analisar a expansão urbana e as mudanças na cobertura do solo, tendo como objeto de estudo a cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, considerando os anos de 2000, 2010 e 2015. Para o levantamento da cobertura do solo urbano, foram interpretadas imagens do satélite Landsat. No procedimento de Processamento Digital de Imagens (PDI) foi utilizado o software SPRING (5.1.8), Sistema para Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas, produzido pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). Enquanto para a geração de mapas temáticos, foi utilizado o software ArcGIS (10.3). A cidade de Teresina apresentou acelerado processo de expansão urbana, sem equilíbrio entre solos impermeabilizados e solos vegetados. A impermeabilização de vastas áreas de solo urbano em Teresina, somada às grandes perdas de sua cobertura vegetal, e a distribuição desigual da população e dos serviços básicos indicam que o processo de urbanização não está acontecendo de forma sustentável.
Desenvolvimento como Liberdade no Brasil
Authors: Dalto Karla Karoline Soares , Pires Mônica Moura , Aguiar Paulo César Bahia
Published: August 2021

A busca pelo desenvolvimento socioeconômico vem sendo um dos principais objetivos a nortear políticas de governos em diferentes países. O aprofundamento da crise ambiental e a demanda por bem-estar têm levado governos e sociedade a discutirem novos modelos de desenvolvimento e instrumentos capazes de mensurá-los. O presente trabalho insere-se nesta temática ao estruturar um índice de desenvolvimento lastreado nos estudos de Amartya Sen, cuja teoria assenta-se na expansão das liberdades individuais e na extinção das privações que restringem suas oportunidades. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar a realidade socioeconômica das unidades federativas e regiões brasileiras por meio de um Índice de Desenvolvimento como Liberdade (IDL) e subíndices das Liberdades Instrumentais preconizadas por Amartya Sen. Para tanto, aplicam-se os pressupostos teóricos para definição e levantamento de variáveis, identifica-se na legislação brasileira a tutela das liberdades que reflitam valores nacionais, e testam-se os subíndices e o índice, aplicando-os para compreender a realidade nacional, regional e estadual. Os resultados apontaram que o Brasil se apresenta em condição “regular” de desenvolvimento, com IDL de 0,50. Ficou evidente a forte vulnerabilidade social nas Regiões Nordeste e Norte e o não atendimento das necessidades sociais pelas esferas governamentais no nível demandado, afirmativa reforçada pelo baixo e o regular subíndice que obtiveram para as Oportunidades Sociais. Há concentração de riqueza no Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do país e maior acesso às oportunidades, e no Nordeste há um número maior de estados com baixo desempenho socioeconômico.
Análise da eficiência do uso de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas no mapeamento de solo exposto em manguezais urbanos
Authors: Paz Otacílio Lopes de Souza da , Vikou Sidney Vincent de Paul , Pilatti Daiane Maria , Paula Eduardo Vedor de , Oliveira Marianne de
Published: August 2021

Manguezais são ecossistemas costeiros de grande relevância ecológica. Mesmo com legislações que assegurem sua proteção, diversas atividades antrópicas resultam em degradação e/ou supressão da sua vegetação. Para mensurar e monitorar tal processo, metodologias clássicas são aplicadas utilizando imagens orbitais de média resolução espacial, sendo que os resultados obtidos não são adequados para estudos de degradação e recuperação ambiental em escala de detalhe, como a mensuração de áreas de solo exposto no interior e entorno dos manguezais. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a eficiência de imageamento por aeronaves remotamente pilotadas (RPA) no mapeamento de áreas de solo exposto em manguezais. Foram realizados imageamento com RPA em 22 manguezais urbanos de Paranaguá/Paraná - litoral sul do Brasil. Ortomosaicos foram gerados a partir dos dados coletados e estes foram submetidos à classificação supervisionada. Em seguida, calcularam-se índices de exatidão global, índice Kappa e erros de comissão e omissão. A identificação de áreas de solo exposto nas franjas e no interior dos bosques de manguezal, a partir de dados coletados por RPA, se mostrou eficiente visto que o índice de exatidão global foi superior a 96% em todos os ortomosaicos classificados. O índice Kappa esteve acima de 0,95 em todos os ortomosaicos, indicando uma classificação excelente. Os mapeamentos mostram contraste entre a concentração de áreas de solo exposto nos manguezais analisados, permitindo uma regionalização do padrão de degradação da vegetação em três grupos. Os resultados podem auxiliar documentos de planejamento municipal como a revisão do Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado, Plano de Saneamento Básico e o Plano de Regularização Fundiária. Estas informações também poderão dar subsídios para estudos de recuperação da vegetação dos manguezais e fiscalização.
Fotograficidade: A Paisagem Humana no Imaginário Poético do Círio de Nazaré em Belém do Pará – Brasil
Authors: Cavalcante Tiago Vieira , Aragão Raimundo Freitas , Oliveira Christian Dennys Monteiro
Published: August 2021

Fotograficidade é, aproximando-se da fotografia humanista, a geograficidade em imagens poéticas, os fotopoemas. Os palcos para este ensaio são as encenações e performances dos festejos do Círio de Nazaré em Belém do Pará. Para identificar e tornar real essa fotograficidade, abordamos, primeiro, o desenvolvimento da fotografia humanista como inspiração. Segundo, lidamos com a geograficidade ou a singularidade da vida humana em relação ao modo de existência espacial a partir de suas práticas sociais. Por fim, recorremos à poesia a partir do imaginário poético estetizante amazônico por meio do conceito de conversão semiótica, entendida como a mudança de qualidade simbólica no contexto cultural. Metodologicamente, a fotograficidade do Círio de Nazaré será construída no cruzamento entre a fotografia humanista, a geograficidade e a poesia. A partir desse cruzamento, objetivamos expandir e incentivar análises geográficas nas paisagens humanas.
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Authors: Scharnick-Udemans Lee-Shae
Published: August 2021

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CONTENTS
Authors: Scharnick-Udemans Lee-Shae
Published: August 2021

CONTENTS
Sustained Use of the Impella 5.0 Heart Pump Enables Bridge to Clinical Decisions in 34 Patients
Authors: Nelson Daniel W. , Sundararajan Sakthi , Klein Evan , Joyce Lyle D. , Durham Lucian A. , Joyce David L. , Mohammed Asim A.
Published: August 2021

We studied whether sustained hemodynamic support (>7 d) with the Impella 5.0 heart pump can be used as a bridge to clinical decisions in patients who present with cardiogenic shock, and whether such support can improve their outcomes.

We retrospectively reviewed cases of patients who had Impella 5.0 support at our hospital from August 2017 through May 2019. Thirty-four patients (23 with cardiogenic shock and 11 with severely decompensated heart failure) underwent sustained support for a mean duration of 11.7 ± 9.3 days (range, ≤48 d). Of 29 patients (85.3%) who survived to next therapy, 15 were weaned from the Impella, 8 underwent durable left ventricular assist device placement, 4 were escalated to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, and 2 underwent heart transplantation. The 30-day survival rate was 76.5% (26 of 34 patients). Only 2 patients had a major adverse event: one each had an ischemic stroke and flail mitral leaflet. None of the devices malfunctioned.

Sustained hemodynamic support with the Impella 5.0 not only improved outcomes in patients who presented with cardiogenic shock, but also provided time for multidisciplinary evaluation of potential cardiac recovery, or the need for durable left ventricular assist device implantation or heart transplantation. Our study shows the value of using the Impella 5.0 as a bridge to clinical decisions.
Goals and Design of the Project and Basic Information About Sharon’s Case
Authors: Westerman Michael A. , Critchfield Kenneth L.
Published: August 2021

This paper sets the stage for subsequent papers in this set of articles, which collectively offer a comparative examination of two approaches to case formulation and treatment by examining the same case from the two theoretical perspectives. One approach is based on Interpersonal Defense Theory (e.g., Westerman, 2018, 2019), the other is Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT, Benjamin, 2006, 2018). In this paper, we present the goals of the project and its design, which was novel in some respects. We also introduce the case by presenting basic clinical information about the patient, Sharon (pseudonym), and describing the short-term therapy approach that was employed. The concluding section introduces the subsequent papers in this set, which includes a commentary by Stanley Messer that raises fundamental methodological/philosophy of science issues about comparing the relative merits of different therapy approaches and a reply to that commentary that addresses the important questions it poses.