bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation of fish waste meal for human nutrition
Authors: Souza Maria Luiza Rodrigues de , Yoshida Grazyella Massako , Campelo Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos , Moura Lorena Batista , Xavier Tadeu Orlandi , Goes Elenice Souza dos Reis
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to elaborate and characterize meals containing waste from processing of tilapia, tuna, salmon and sardine for human consumption. Carcasses of tilapia and salmon, tuna torsos without fins and sardine tails were cooked, pressed, milled and dehydrated, resulting in waste meal. Greater protein (83.28%) and lower mineral matter (5.31%) were observed in tuna meal. Salmon meal presented greater content of lipids (18.81%) and sardine meal, lower content (3.98%). Tilapia meal presented greater mineral matter (37.66%), calcium (9.37%) and phosphorus (6.08%). Higher content of iron was observed in sardine and tuna meals. Higher amounts of fatty acids from n-3 series were found in salmon (53.71 g kg-1), sardine (47.46 g kg-1) and tuna (36.98 g kg-1). Concerning amino acids, glutamic acid showed greater proportion in all meals, followed by lysine, leucine, glycine and aspartic acid. All meals presented high biological and nutritional values and are regarded as important sources of calcium, phosphorus and iron.
Stochastic evaluation of robust portfolios based on hierarchical clustering and worst-case scenarios
Authors: Rotela Junior Paulo , Rocha Luiz Célio Souza , Aquila Giancarlo , Pamplona Edson De Oliveira , Balestrassi Pedro Paulo , Paiva Anderson Paulo de
Published: January 2018

The objective of this paper is to present a proposal to form robust portfolios using a stochastic efficiency analysis of assets from companies in the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, focusing on the worst market state. In order to do this, information about the market in all of its phases and information from low market periods were employed in a stochastic efficiency analysis using the Chance Constrained Data Envelopment Analysis method, along with a Hierarchical Clustering approach. Then, the portfolios underwent a capital allocation model to obtain the ideal participation of each share. The portfolios formed in both scenarios were analyzed and compared. The joint application of the approaches supplied with information about the worst market state was able to form robust portfolios that lead to a higher accumulated return in the validation period than portfolios optimized from information about the entire period, and still resulted in portfolios with smaller beta values.
DDIT4 and Associated lncDDIT4 Modulate Th17 Differentiation through the DDIT4/TSC/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Zhang Fang , Liu Guiyou , Li Daojing , Wei Changjuan , Hao Junwei
Published: January 2018

Inflammation that complicates many autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), has been correlated to abnormal differentiation of Th17 cells. However, the reasons that promote Th17 cell–driven autoimmunity are yet to be discovered. In this study, we sought evidence that DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) and its associated long noncoding RNA DDIT4 (lncDDIT4) inhibit Th17 cell differentiation. We recruited 36 patients. Six MS patients and five healthy volunteers (controls) contributed PBMCs as material for microarray analysis. Microarray assays of lncDDIT4 and DDIT4 RNA expression identified outstanding differences between MS and control subjects, which were verified with real-time quantitative PCR. We then interrupted the expression of lncDDIT4 and DDIT4 mRNA in MS patients’ naive CD4+ T cells and observed the resulting changes in Th17 cells. The expression of lncDDIT4 and DDIT4 mRNA were higher both in PBMCs and CD4+ T cells of MS patients than in healthy controls. DDIT4 (2.79-fold upregulation) was then recognized as a candidate for the cis-regulated target of lncDDIT4 (4.32-fold upregulation). Isolation of naive CD4+ T cells revealed enhanced levels of lncDDIT4 and DDIT4 after stimulated with Th17-inducing cytokines, but not after Th1, Th2, or T regulatory cell induction. Overexpression of lncDDIT4 in naive CD4+ T cells inhibited IL-17 transcription through increased DDIT4 expression and decreased activation of the DDIT4/mTOR pathway. Consistently, silencing lncDDIT4 in naive CD4+ T cells enhanced Th17 differentiation through increased activation of the DDIT4/mTOR pathway. However, these results vanished when DDIT4 was silenced. This outcome suggests that lncDDIT4 regulates Th17 cell differentiation by directly targeting DDIT4.
Alveolar Macrophages Drive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Lung Metastasis by Generating Leukotriene B4
Authors: Nosaka Takuto , Baba Tomohisa , Tanabe Yamato , Sasaki Soichiro , Nishimura Tatsunori , Imamura Yoshiaki , Yurino Hideaki , Hashimoto Shinichi , Arita Makoto , Nakamoto Yasunari , Mukaida Naofumi
Published: January 2018

Macrophages in lungs can be classified into two subpopulations, alveolar macrophages (AMs) and interstitial macrophages (IMs), which reside in the alveolar and interstitial spaces, respectively. Accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of IMs in lung metastasis, but the roles of AMs in lung metastasis still remain elusive. An i.v. injection of a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, BNL, caused lung metastasis foci with infiltration of AMs and IMs. Comprehensive determination of arachidonic acid metabolite levels revealed increases in leukotrienes and PGs in lungs in this metastasis model. A 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor but not a cyclooxygenase inhibitor reduced the numbers of metastatic foci, particularly those of a larger size. A major 5-LOX metabolite, LTB4, augmented in vitro cell proliferation of human HCC cell lines as well as BNL cells. Moreover, in this lung metastasis course, AMs exhibited higher expression levels of the 5-LOX and LTB4 than IMs. Consistently, 5-LOX–expressing AMs increased in the lungs of human HCC patients with lung metastasis, compared with those without lung metastasis. Furthermore, intratracheal clodronate liposome injection selectively depleted AMs but not IMs, together with reduced LTB4 content and metastatic foci numbers in this lung metastasis process. Finally, IMs in mouse metastatic foci produced CCL2, thereby recruiting blood-borne, CCR2–expressing AMs into lungs. Thus, AMs can be recruited under the guidance of IM-derived CCL2 into metastatic lungs and can eventually contribute to the progression of lung metastasis by providing a potent arachidonic acid–derived tumor growth promoting mediator, LTB4.
The measure of effectiveness of a short-term 2-week intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation program in decreasing levels of anxiety and depression
Authors: Caccamo Floriana , Saltini Simone , Carella Enrico , Carlon Roberto , Marogna Cristina , Sava Vito
Published: January 2018

Research on heart disease have found a strong and consistent evidence of association between some psychosocial risk factors, including depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, lack of social support and outcome of disease. Depression increases the risk of cardiac death and is highly predictive of reduced adherence to recommended treatments; anxiety appears to be linked to adverse cardiac outcomes. It was demonstrated that Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) leads to substantial improvements and positive outcomes because combines the prescription of physical activity with the modification of risk factors and aims to reduce symptoms related to the disease and the risk of new cardiovascular events. The main objective of this study is to determine if a short and intense CR program can produce a positive impact on anxious and depressive symptoms revealed in cardiac patients, confirming results of previous researches. The protocol was proposed to all patients referred for an outpatient CR after an acute event who attended the short 2-week intensive rehabilitation program. A total of 157 patients recruited at the operating unit of Cardiology, in the Hospital of Cittadella (Italy), was included in the analysis. The Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y were administered to the patients. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. T-tests for paired samples were used to evaluate differences between the beginning and the end of the CR program. There was a statistically significant difference between the beginning and the end of the CR program. Results for paired samples showed significant differences in all factors of the BDI-II and in the total score. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found even in the state - anxiety subscale. No significant difference was detected for the trait anxiety. According to recent studies, this research shows that the CR program has a significant impact on levels of anxiety and depression, because all activities focus their commitment on changing the patientâ€™s personal beliefs and perception of illness, promoting the exchange of information and sharing of concerns and fears, increasing the patientâ€™s resilience with the aim of enabling him/her to reorganize positively his/her personal, family and professional sphere.
Vitamin D Role in Prevention of Cancer: Overview
Authors: Shrihari T G
Published: January 2018

Vitamin D is the name given to a group of fat-soluble prohormones. Two major forms of Vitamin D that are important to humans are Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol and Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol. Vitamin D2 is made naturally by the body when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (in particular, ultraviolet B [UVB] radiation) in sunlight. Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 can also be commercially manufactured. The active form of Vitamin D in the body is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or calcitriol, which can be made from either Vitamin D2 or Vitamin D3. Evidence suggests that Vitamin D helps in the prevention of various cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, and other cancers. This review article briefs about the role of Vitamin D in the prevention of cancer.
Galactogram for Investigation of Pathological Nipple Discharge: A Forgotten Arrow in the Radiologists’ Quiver?
Authors: Chatterjee Argha , Bhagat Swapnil , Saini Monika Lamba , Verma Sanjeev , Saini Kamal S
Published: January 2018

Conventional X-ray galactogram (CG) is an underutilized procedure in modern breast imaging despite offering the highest spatial resolution among all modalities available for imaging of the breast ducts. The superior diagnostic performance of CG as compared to that of both conventional mammogram and high-resolution ultrasonography makes it a valuable imaging modality for the evaluation of pathological nipple discharge (PND). In addition, CG should always be considered in women with bloody nipple discharge but normal ultrasound and mammogram. CG also has an important role in the preoperative localization of intraductal lesions. CG may be especially useful in resource-restricted settings where breast magnetic resonance imaging is not readily available as it can be easily performed at any mammography facility without the need for additional equipment. In this article, we describe two cases of PND, one of benign and the other of malignant etiology, to demonstrate the value of CG in these cases. We also review the current literature and compare CG with other modalities used for imaging of ductal system of the breast.
Pediatric Nonblastic Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Perspective from India
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Shoufeej P M , Totadri Sidharth , Ganesan Prasanth , Ganesan Trivadi , Sagar Tenali
Published: January 2018

Background: There is a paucity of data on pediatric nonblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) from developing countries. We conducted this study to study outcome and identify risk factors that can predict survival in pediatric nonblastic NHL at our center. Methods: Patients <18 years of age who were diagnosed with nonlymphoblastic NHL at our hospital from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2014, were included. Data were collected retrospectively from case records. Results: One hundred and two patients with median age of 12 years (range: 1–18) were included in the study. There were 69/102 (68%) male and 33/102 (32%) female patients. The most common histological diagnosis was Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in 59/102 (58%) patients followed by anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in 28/102 (28%) patients and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 12/102 (12%) patients, T-cell lymphoma in 2/102 patients, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma in 1/102 patients. The LMB-89 protocol was the most common protocol used for treatment in 74/102 (72%) patients. The 2-year event-free survival (EFS) for patients with BL, ALCL, and DLBCL was 72%, 55.8%, and 27.5%, respectively (P = 0.037). On univariate analysis, factors that significantly predicted poor EFS included non-BL histological subtype, poor performance status, malnutrition, use of less intense chemotherapy, and not achieving complete response on interim radiological assessment. Conclusions: Outcomes in nonblastic NHL from our center are worse compared to data from the west. This is because a large proportion of patients present with advanced stage and in moribund condition. Patients with BL have better outcome compared to other subtypes.
Controversies on Tumor Thickness Versus Nodal Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Revealed: A Histopathologist’s Perspective
Authors: Reddy Vandana , Wadhwan Vijay , Reddy Munish , Venkatesh Arvind
Published: January 2018

Background: Cervical metastasis has a tremendous impact on prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). However, to date management of clinically negative neck in HNSCC is still a controversial subject. Tumor thickness (TT) is a strong predictor for lymph node involvement in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). However, controversy exists about the optimal TT cutoff point for a clinically relevant risk to the neck. Aim and Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the relationship between TT and the risk of cervical lymph node involvement and to determine optimal TT cutoff point for prompting prophylactic neck management. Materials and Methods: The clinical files and histological sections of 35 SCC (T1/T2) at buccal mucosa site from clinically determined N0 patients were retrospectively analyzed who underwent surgical treatment of their primary lesion with simultaneous neck dissection. An ocular micrometer was used to measure the TT both in exophytic and ulcerated lesions. Chi-square contingency tables were used to correlate TT and other clinicopathological parameters with metastasis in the neck. Results: Clinically, negative necks turned out pathologically positive in 42.8% (n = 15/35). In the group in which tumor depth exceeded 1.5 mm, the metastatic rate was 86.7% (13/15). In contrast, when the depth of invasion was <1.5 mm, the incidence of cervical metastasis was 13.3% (2/15) irrespective of the 2 stages. Conclusion: TT is a highly significant, objectively measurable prognostic factor in early stage oral cancers and elective neck therapy is indicated for tumors exceeding 1.5 mm invasion.
Effects of Lighting on Reading Speed as a Function of Letter Size
Authors: Seiple William , Overbury Olga , Rosenthal Bruce , Arango Tiffany , Odom J. Vernon , Morse Alan R.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE. We sought to determine under what conditions brighter lighting improves reading performance.

METHOD. Thirteen participants with typical sight and 9 participants with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) read sentences ranging from 0.0 to 1.3 logMAR under luminance levels ranging from 3.5 to 696 cd/m2.

RESULTS. At the dimmest luminance level (3.5 cd/m2), reading speeds were slowest at the smaller letter sizes and reached an asymptote for larger sizes. When luminance was increased to 30 cd/m2, reading speed increased only for the smaller letter sizes. Additional lighting did not increase reading speeds for any letter size. Similar size-related effects of luminance were observed in participants with AMD.

CONCLUSION. In some instances, performance on acuity-limited tasks might be improved by brighter lighting. However, brighter lighting does not always improve reading; the magnitude of the effect depends on the text size and the relative changes in light level.
Avaliação do modelo nacional de interoperabilidade do Poder Judiciário brasileiro
Authors: Sewald Jr Egon , Silveira Lucas , Aires Rover José
Published: January 2018

A Lei 11.419/2006 possibilita a virtualização dos processos judiciais, permitindo celeridade processual. Para que os benefícios possam ser efetivos, é necessária uma interligação entre os atores envolvidos no curso do processo. O Modelo Nacional de Interoperabilidade, definido pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça como padrão de comunicação, tem como objetivo possibilitar essa interação. O presente artigo pretende observar, na literatura, os benefícios do processo eletrônico e sua relação com o Modelo Nacional de Interoperabilidade, além de fornecer avaliação, aplicando framework de valoração de padrões de interoperabilidade governamental, verificando sua conformidade com os requisitos apresentados pela literatura. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, foram comprovadas as hipóteses relacionadas aos benefícios do processo eletrônico e da aplicação do Modelo Nacional de Interoperabilidade. Apesar de tratar-se de uma iniciativa com bons resultados na diminuição de tempo, este estudo aponta críticas que podem ser interpretadas como sugestões.
La promoción de los derechos del niño: un discurso sin adversarios
Authors: De Dinechin Philippe
Published: January 2018

La promoción abrumante de los derechos del niño proviene de algunas (pocas) organizaciones poderosas y jerárquicas. Los expertos, altamente especializados, encuentran en Internet un medio extraordinario de difusión de sus ideas, Internet, en este caso, no es un medio que sustente el debate. La producción y sobretodo la difusión de ideas críticas son casi inexistentes, la interactividad es casi nula.La unanimidad acerca de los derechos del niño parece sospechosa. No se cuestiona aquí el objetivo perseguido: “el bienestar de los niños”, sino la construcción de un sistema de pensamiento que deja muchas preguntas al margen.Este “discurso sin adversarios” no está expuesto a la crítica. Esto no significa que las críticas no son pertinentes pero que no hay actores sociales interesados por esta crítica.
Entre o direito e a política: a criatividade e o “fechamento hermenêutico” no exercício da jurisdição constitucional
Authors: Costa Rafael de Oliveira
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo busca, ao atentar para a necessária reaproximação entre Direito e Ética na interpretação da norma, compreender o impacto das revelações trazidas pela hermenêutica constitucional e pela hermenêutica filosófica para o controle da atividade criativa do Direito, questão aqui escolhida para debate por representar, indubitavelmente, um dos grandes desafios hermenêuticos da contemporaneidade. Assim é que, à luz da função juspolítica do Supremo Tribunal Federal e dos ensinamentos da hermenêutica filosófica, procura-se estabelecer o “fechamento hermenêutico” e limites para a criatividade de juízes e tribunais, objetivando que sejam prolatadas decisões eticamente fundadas, argumentativamente legítimas e racionalmente adequadas ao princípio da separação dos Poderes, compatibilizando, no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito, a concretização dos direitos fundamentais com o preceito que veda a atuação dos tribunais como legisladores.
O papel criativo do juiz na legalidade civil-constitucional
Authors: Dalsenter Viveiros de Castro Thamis
Published: January 2018

O reconhecimento do papel criativo dos juízes é tema de profundas controvérsias no cenário jurídico atual, sobretudo em razão das tendências denominadas judicialização, ativismo judicial e neoconstitucionalismo. A necessidade de resguardar a segurança jurídica diante da atuação do magistrado impõe um rígido controle da justificação axiológica utilizada como fundamentação das decisões judiciais, o que se torna ainda mais imperioso diante dos problemas de linguagem que se desdobram na dicotomia casos fáceis x casos difíceis.
Rescisões de contrato de trabalho: evidências de conflito de interesses entre sindicatos e trabalhadores
Authors: Caminha Uinie , De Paula Pinheiro Rocha Afonso
Published: January 2018

O artigo objetiva analisar os conflitos de interesses potencial e real nas homologações de rescisões por sindicatos e a eficiência da obrigatoriedade da homologação na defesa dos interesses dos trabalhadores. São apresentados o histórico do instituto da assistência na rescisão contratual e os dados estatísticos do Judiciário, que apontam para uma situação de ineficiência na dinâmica rescisória. Utiliza-se o aparato metodológico da análise econômica, notadamente a Teoria da Agência, para evidenciar que existe dinâmica de interesses que se contrapõe, em detrimento do trabalhador. Atribui-se ao modelo sindical brasileiro a existência de incentivos que favorecem corrupção institucional dos sindicatos e reflexo nas rescisões. Demonstrando os ônus e interesses implícitos, analisam-se os projetos de lei em curso. Apresenta-se, por fim, uma série de sugestões de atuação, incluindo o Poder Judiciário e o Ministério Público, para coibir o manejo irregular das rescisões contratuais trabalhistas.
Justiça ambiental e legitimação de direitos: implicações da passagem do mineroduto Ferrous Resources no município de Viçosa/MG pela perspectiva do conflito ambiental entre mineradora e atingidos.
Authors: Santos Pollyana Martins , Oliveira Marcelo Leles Romarco de
Published: January 2018

Resumo: O presente trabalho propõe uma abordagem teórica a respeito da temática dos conflitos ambientais pela perspectiva da distribuição de poder, nos campos material e simbólico, entre os atores sociais envolvidos na disputa pelo acesso e domínio do território e de seus recursos naturais. Assim, tomando como objeto de análise o conflito de interesses havido entre diferentes segmentos sociais locais e a mineradora Ferrous Resources do Brasil em decorrência da passagem de um mineroduto da empresa no município de Viçosa/MG no âmbito do Inquérito Civil MPMG 0713.12.000149-8 do Ministério Público do Estado de Minas Gerais, o estudo procura descrever e analisar o conflito ambiental ali identificado, buscando investigar a possível ocorrência de injustiças ambientais no processo de implantação do mineroduto pretendido. Ao final, conclui-se que a dinâmica do conflito ambiental em questão aponta para uma situação de injustiça ambiental, e evidencia as contradições do modelo de desenvolvimento capitalista, contribuindo para com o debate a respeito das escolhas do chamado “desenvolvimento”.
Disabilities Social Model: criticism and success
Authors: De Asís Roig Rafael
Published: January 2018

The philosophy that stands behind a significant number of the regulatory changes underwent by disabilities in the last years is the one duly depicted by the social model of disability. Despite the relevance and appropriateness of the social model approach, when it comes to dealing with disabilities it is not a widely accepted model and it is not without its criticism. The criticism can be divided into two large groups. The first group unfolds from an approach foreign to rights; the second group comes from the inside of the rights discourse. On the other hand, the referents of the social, diversity and identity models, thoroughly discussed in specialized forums and duly embedded in different rules and regulations, have not found yet their application to society. The medical-care approach is mainstream in society. In this paper expose some of the criticisms of the social model and some of the reasons for this limited success
American Justice: Prosecutorial Discretion in the United States Criminal Justice System
Authors: Ely Amie
Published: January 2018

As the only American attorneys charged with seeking justice, prosecutors play an important role and carry a unique burden in the justice system. In the United States, prosecutors are administrators of justice, representing a sovereign whose interest “is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done.” This article describes the discretion afforded to American prosecutors--which includes deciding whether to initiate cases against defendants, dismiss charges, enter into plea agreements, or go to trial--and outlines the ethical rules and cases that guide and govern the exercise of that discretion.
A liberdade de orientação sexual como expressão da dignidade: análise dos precedentes dos órgãos internacionais e regionais de proteção aos direitos humanos
Authors: Almeida Bruno Rodrigues de
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem por escopo demonstrar como a dignidade do indivíduo abarca também o aspecto da liberdade à orientação sexual. Há precedentes reiterando que Estados-soberanos estão obrigados a erradicar a criminalização do estilo de vida, assim como modificar as normas internas que impedem o acesso de homossexuais a certos direitos, postos e cargos. Percebe-se, entretanto, que devido ao forte antagonismo e rejeição institucional (principalmente na Assembleia Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas), o direito à vida familiar e afetiva para os indivíduos de orientação homossexual ainda não foi expressamente reconhecido, não obstante a constatação de importantes decisões mais progressivas por parte dos órgãos de proteção tanto pela Corte Europeia quanto pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.
La reparación por incumplimiento contractual en el common law
Authors: Díaz Julio Alberto
Published: January 2018

El sistema del common law, para los que no pertenecemos a él, representa sin dudas un mundo desconcertante e intrigante. El presente artículo probablemente sea un fiel reflejo de esa afirmación. La indemnización por incumplimiento contractual, una temática que ab initio pudiera imaginarse desprovista de toda complejidad, muestra en las páginas siguientes la falsedad de esta suposición.

Algunos de esos aspectos, de la manera en que son concebidos en aquel

sistema, son abordados de modo a ilustrar como, bajo el manto de la aparente simplicidad de la materia, innúmeras cuestiones de difícil solución suelen presentarse.
O refluxo em Roe versus Wade: uma reflexão à luz do diálogo entre Constitucionalismo Democrático e Minimalismo judicial
Authors: Bunchaft Maria Eugenia , Limberger Têmis , Cristianetti Jessica
Published: January 2018

Esse artigo examina o diálogo entre o Minimalismo Judicial e o Constitucionalismo Democrático, analisando o impacto do refluxo social no caso Roe v. Wade à luz dos pressupostos de cada uma dessas teorias e da contribuição de Linda Greenhouse. Sustentamos, com base em Robert Post e Reva Siegel, que o conflito é um fator positivo para o desenvolvimento do Direito Constitucional e um fator intrínseco de uma sociedade plural, pois os cidadãos tentam convencer uns aos outros sobre o significado de princípios constitucionais. Por meio de um método hermenêutico e monográfico (estudo de caso) e tendo como técnica de pesquisa a análise jurisprudencial da decisão Roe v. Wade, propugnamos demonstrar que a história do backlash, no período anterior a Roe, suscita uma multiplicidade de indagações que questionam a explicação centrada na postura ativista da Corte. O trabalho é relevante, pois permite uma investigação histórica mais sofisticada sobre as fontes do refluxo. Concluímos que a polarização social, o realinhamento dos partidos em torno do aborto e a nacionalização do conflito decorreram de uma lógica que envolveu a mobilização de outros atores sociais, como os partidos políticos na busca de eleitores conservadores, os grupos pro-life e a Igreja Católica.
O Direito e os desafios contemporâneos do conceito de pessoa
Authors: Lacerda Bruno Amaro
Published: January 2018

Este artigo apresenta as linhas centrais do debate atual sobre o conceito de pessoa, com ênfase em duas questões: a pretensão de atribuição do status de pessoa a certos animais e os limites da condição pessoal dos seres humanos. As respostas a estas questões estão concentradas, com algumas variações, em dois grandes grupos teóricos, o funcionalismo e o substancialismo. Enquanto a primeira corrente está vinculada ao conceito moderno de pessoa, de Descartes e Locke, a segunda prende-se ao conceito clássico, derivado das reflexões de Boécio e Tomás de Aquino. O problema jurídico subjacente às indagações feitas, como se verá, passa inevitavelmente pela própria conceituação da pessoa: essa é uma substância dotada de uma natureza específica ou o ser autoconsciente?
Paternalismo estatal, autonomia individual e o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência
Authors: Pereira Ana Lucia Pretto , Brazzale Flávia Balduíno
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo busca oferecer reflexões acerca de inovações legislativas trazidas pelo Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência, precisamente no que diz respeito às alterações promovidas por este Estatuto no regime jurídico das capacidades civis das pessoas com deficiência. O regime jurídico das capacidades civis está diretamente relacionado a uma dinâmica entre as ideias de paternalismo e autonomia. Por essa razão, o texto começa explorando conceitos doutrinários sobre paternalismo em geral e paternalismo estatal.

Em seguida, aponta definições teóricas sobre o conceito de autonomia, relacionando-as com as ideias paternalistas trabalhadas previamente. Finalmente, faz uma leitura das inovações legislativas trazidas pelo Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência sobre o regime jurídico de capacidades à luz dos conceitos de paternalismo estatal e autonomia, trazidos no estudo.
Crises econômicas e os arranjos na burocracia da administração pública brasileira
Authors: Ramos José Maria , Gonçalves Oksandro Odisval
Published: January 2018

Crises são inerentes ao sistema capitalista e impõem a necessidade de ajustes no âmbito econômico, social ou político. As duas últimas crises mais significativas que afetaram a economia brasileira exigiram medidas diversas. A primeira crise, iniciada, ainda, no final da década de 1970 redefiniu o papel do Estado na Economia - com a reforma do Estado e a reforma da administração pública. Na crise econômico-financeira de 2008, considerada a mais significativa desde a crise de 1929, as medidas tomadas para enfrentá-la diferem da crise anterior, houve um aumento da intervenção do Estado com objetivos de estimular o crescimento econômico, porém simultaneamente dada a escassez de recursos para investimentos, a política de concessão de serviços públicos continuou, principalmente em infraestrutura de transportes. Embora, medidas tenham sido tomadas para mitigar os reflexos da crise, não houve avanços importantes para reduzir a burocracia do Estado de forma a consolidar uma administração pública gerencial.
(Des)Igualdade de gênero: restrições à autonomia da mulher
Authors: Barboza Heloisa Helena Gomes , Almeida Junior Vitor de Azevedo
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho aborda alguns aspectos da autonomia das mulheres no Brasil sob a perspectiva da “dignidade social”, a partir do entendimento de Stefano Rodotà, que tem sofrido constantes violações de sua dignidade, não só mediante um processo surdo de discriminação que afronta o princípio da igualdade substancial, como também através de violações corporais de diferentes ordens. Esta situação social recoloca as mulheres na categoria de sujeito de direito em sua formulação original, como entes abstratos, titulares de igualdade formal, não obstante agraciadas por diversos dispositivos legais que lhes asseguram direitos que carecem, muitas vezes, de qualquer efetividade. Optou-se por delimitar o tema ao aspecto da relação da mulher com seu próprio corpo, por apresentar diversas situações que revelam as restrições legais e sociais que desafiam princípios constitucionais, como as que se verificam no campo da reprodução e sexualidade. Visa-se, desse modo, contribuir, em matéria tão vasta e complexa, ao menos, para que os problemas tenham visibilidade no campo jurídico e sejam encaminhadas as soluções já reclamadas.
O centauro brasileiro: a supressão de direitos fundamentais pelo Estado Penal
Authors: Ambrosio Felipe Augusto Rodrigues , Saliba Maurício Gonçalves , Monte William Roberto Alkema do
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo busca entender a forma como o Estado brasileiro tem se utilizado de mecanismos para exacerbar os instrumentos repressivos e de punição. Busca-se ainda desvendar as causas para a situação atual de ferimento a direitos fundamentais e política criminal com derramamento de sangue. No primeiro momento, faz-se a apresentação da redemocratização brasileira incompleta e sua conjuntura. Aborda-se ainda a brutalidade institucional dos órgãos de segurança pública em face da cidadania, bem como as feridas causadas à Constituição pela elevação do Estado Penal, marcadamente capitalista e militarizado. Para se chegar à hipótese de que o Estado Penal é altamente lesivo ao Texto Magno, por meio da revisão crítica dos temas centrais, adota-se o método histórico e tipológico e, enquanto técnica de pesquisa, a documentação indireta por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, notadamente nacional. Com isso, observa-se a complexidade em torno do Estado-centauro, cuja cabeça liberal repousa sobre um corpo autoritário.
Redes sociais virtuais: privacidade e responsabilidade civil. Análise a partir do Marco Civil da Internet
Authors: Spadaccini de Teffé Chiara , Bodin de Moraes Maria Celina
Published: January 2018

Este artigo visa examinar os mecanismos criados pela Lei nº 12.965/2014, que instituiu o Marco Civil da Internet, para tutelar os direitos da personalidade nas redes sociais virtuais. Optou-se por analisar as duas hipóteses mais complexas na relação entre o usuário e o provedor responsável pela rede social: i) a coleta e o tratamento de dados pessoais e ii) a responsabilidade civil do provedor de aplicações de Internet pelo conteúdo danoso inserido por terceiro. Tendo como fundamento axiológico três princípios – a neutralidade da rede, a privacidade e a liberdade de expressão –, o Marco Civil da Internet representa uma iniciativa original para regular os conflitos de interesses oriundos da sociedade da informação. No campo da privacidade, considera-se terem sido positivados direitos essenciais para o usuário da rede, em especial na perspectiva do controle e da autodeterminação informativa. No âmbito da responsabilidade, o legislador optou por estabelecer, como regra, depois da notificação judicial ao provedor de aplicações de Internet, o regime da responsabilidade civil subjetiva, caso ele se omita de tornar indisponível o conteúdo apontado como danoso. Conclui-se que a lei criou instrumentos adequados, embora insuficientes, à tutela da pessoa na Internet.
Bullying e Cyberbullying: Hoja de ruta y principales retos para la intervención
Authors: Pérez Vallejo Ana Maria
Published: January 2018

Este estudio quiere realizar un diagnóstico sobre la situación actual de la violencia entre iguales y sus nuevas formas de manifestarse. El estado de la cuestión a nivel mundial podría calificarse de alarmante, más aún por el impacto de las TICs. El ciberespacio es cada vez más utilizado por menores poco vigilados por sus padres y se advierte sobre el creciente uso de las redes sociales para ejercer violencia, intimidación ensañamiento o humillación pública entre iguales. El anonimato y difusión que proporcionan las redes sociales hacen más intenso el fenómeno del bullying tradicional, generando un proceso concurrente de ciberbullying. Sobre esta realidad nos proponemos evaluar las carencias y necesidades detectadas a distintos niveles, revisar los recursos existentes en la actualidad y plantear propuestas de intervención socio-legal. Por lo que el abordaje de esta problemática y su actual estado de la cuestión será analizado desde un análisis trasversal.
Los arrendamientos vacacionales sometidos a la Ley de Arrendamientos Urbanos
Authors: Botello Hermosa José Maria
Published: January 2018

En este artículo vamos a estudiar uno de los arrendamientos más importantes de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico especialmente utilizado durante los periodos vacacionales; el tradicional alquiler vacacional sometido a la L.A.U. como un tipo de arrendamiento celebrado por temporada. Se trata de un tipo de arrendamiento que, tradicionalmente, ha ocupado un lugar hegemónico, pero que, sin embargo, durante los últimos años, debido especialmente a la irrupción de los denominados "alquileres turísticos", se ha visto muy cuestionado, hasta el punto de pensarse una actividad ilegal por mucho de los arrendadores, como así pudiera desprenderse de la lectura del apartado e) del art. 5 que aporta la nueva Ley 4/2013, de 4 de junio, de medidas de flexibilización y fomento del mercado del alquiler de viviendas, aunque nada más lejos de la realidad.
Observing ice particle growth along fall streaks in mixed-phase
clouds using spectral polarimetric radar data
Authors: Pfitzenmaier Lukas , Unal Christine M. H. , Dufournet Yann , Russchenberg Herman J. W.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The growth of ice crystals in presence of super-cooled liquid droplets represents the most important process for precipitation formation in the mid-latitudes. Such mixed-phase interaction processes remain however pretty much unknown, as capturing the complexity in cloud dynamics and microphysical variabilities turns to be a real observational challenge. Ground-based radar systems equipped with fully polarimetric and Doppler capabilities in high temporal and spatial resolutions 5 such as the S-band Transportable Atmospheric Radar (TARA) are best suited to observe mixed-phase growth processes. In this paper, measurements are taken with the TARA radar during the ACCEPT campaign (Analysis of the Composition of Clouds with Extended Polarization Techniques). Besides the common radar observables, the 3D wind field is also retrieved due to TARA unique three beam configuration. The novelty of this paper is to combine all these observations with a particle evolution detection algorithm based on a new fall streak retrieval technique in order to study ice particle growth within complex 10 precipitating mixed-phased cloud systems. In the presented cases, three different growth processes of ice crystals, plate-like crystals, and needles, are detected and related to the presence of supercooled liquid water. Moreover, TARA observed signatures are assessed with co-located measurements obtained from a cloud radar and radiosondes. This paper shows that it is possible to observe ice particle growth processes within complex systems taking advantage of adequate technology and state of the art retrieval algorithms. A significant improvement is made towards a conclusive interpretation of ice particle growth processes 15 and their contribution to rain production using fall streak rearranged radar data.
Morphological features and mixing states of soot-containing particles in the marine boundary layer over the Indian and Southern Oceans
Authors: Ueda Sayako , Osada Kazuo , Hara Keiichiro , Yabuki Masanori , Hashihama Fuminori , Kanda Jota
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Mixing states of soot-containing aerosol particles are important information for the simulation of climatic effects of black carbon aerosols in the atmosphere. To elucidate the mixing states and morphological features of soot-containing particles in remote ocean areas, we conducted onboard observations over the southern Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean during the TR/V Umitaka-maru UM-08-09 cruise, which started from Benoa, Indonesia on 1 December 2008 via Cape Town, South Africa and which terminated in Fremantle, Australia on 6 February 2009. The light absorption coefficients of size-segregated particles (
Quantifying the effect of aerosol on vertical velocity and effective terminal velocity in warm convective clouds
Authors: Dagan Guy , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Better representation of cloud–aerosol interactions is crucial for an improved understanding of natural and anthropogenic effects on climate. Recent studies have shown that the overall effect can be viewed as a competition between processes with opposing trends. Here, we reduce the system's dimensions to its center of gravity (COG), enabling distillation and simplification of the overall trend and its temporal evolution. Within the COG framework, we show that the aerosol effects are nicely reflected by the interplay of the system's characteristic vertical velocities, namely the updraft (w) and the effective terminal velocity (η). The system's vertical velocities can be regarded as a sensitive measure for the evolution of the overall trends with time. Using bin-microphysics cloud-scale model, we analyze and follow the trends of the aerosol effect on the magnitude and timing of w and η, and therefore the overall vertical COG velocity. Large eddy simulation model runs are used to upscale the analyzed trends to the cloud-field scale and study how the aerosol effects on temporal evolution of the field's thermodynamic properties are reflected by the interplay between the two velocities. Our results suggest that aerosol effects on air vertical motion and droplet mobility imply an effect on the way in which water is distributed along the atmospheric column. Moreover, the interplay between w and η predicts the overall trend of the field's thermodynamic instability. These factors have an important effect on the local energy balance.
The Small Whiskbroom Imager for atmospheric compositioN monitorinG (SWING) and its operations from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during the AROMAT campaign
Authors: Merlaud Alexis , Tack Frederik , Constantin Daniel , Georgescu Lucian , Maes Jeroen , Fayt Caroline , Mingireanu Florin , Schuettemeyer Dirk , Meier Andreas Carlos , Schönardt Anja , Ruhtz Thomas , Bellegante Livio , Nicolae Doina , Den Hoed Mirjam , Allaart Marc , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Small Whiskbroom Imager for atmospheric compositioN monitorinG (SWING) is
a compact remote sensing instrument dedicated to mapping trace gases from an
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). SWING is based on a compact visible
spectrometer and a scanning mirror to collect scattered sunlight. Its weight,
size, and power consumption are respectively 920 g,
27 cm × 12 cm × 8 cm, and 6 W. SWING was
developed in parallel with a 2.5 m flying-wing UAV. This unmanned
aircraft is electrically powered, has a typical airspeed of
100 km h−1, and can operate at a maximum altitude of
3 km. We present SWING-UAV experiments performed in Romania on 11 September 2014
during the Airborne ROmanian Measurements of Aerosols and Trace gases
(AROMAT) campaign, which was dedicated to test newly developed instruments in
the context of air quality satellite validation. The UAV was operated up to
700 m above ground, in the vicinity of the large power plant of
Turceni (44.67∘ N, 23.41∘ E; 116 ma.s.l.). These
SWING-UAV flights were coincident with another airborne experiment using the
Airborne imaging differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS)
instrument for Measurements of Atmospheric Pollution (AirMAP), and with
ground-based DOAS, lidar, and balloon-borne in situ observations. The spectra recorded during the SWING-UAV flights are analysed with the DOAS
technique. This analysis reveals NO2 differential slant column
densities (DSCDs) up to 13±0.6×1016 molec cm−2.
These NO2 DSCDs are converted to vertical column densities (VCDs) by
estimating air mass factors. The resulting NO2 VCDs are up to
4.7±0.4×1016 molec cm−2. The water vapour DSCD
measurements, up to 8±0.15×1022 molec cm−2, are used
to estimate a volume mixing ratio of water vapour in the boundary layer of
0.013±0.002 mol mol−1. These geophysical quantities are
validated with the coincident measurements.
Seasonal and interannual dynamics of soil microbial biomass and available nitrogen in an alpine meadow in the eastern part of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Xu Bo , Wang Jinniu , Wu Ning , Wu Yan , Shi Fusun
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Soil microbial activity varies seasonally in frozen alpine soils during cold seasons and plays a crucial role in available N pool accumulation in soil. The intra- and interannual patterns of microbial and nutrient dynamics reflect the influences of changing weather factors, and thus provide important insights into the biogeochemical cycles and ecological functions of ecosystems. We documented the seasonal and interannual dynamics of soil microbial and available N in an alpine meadow in the eastern part of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China, between April 2011 and October 2013. Soil was collected in the middle of each month and analyzed for water content, microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), dissolved organic C and N, and inorganic N. Soil microbial community composition was measured by the dilution-plate method. Fungi and actinomycetes dominated the microbial community during the nongrowing seasons, and the proportion of bacteria increased considerably during the early growing seasons. Trends of consistently increasing MBC and available N pools were observed during the nongrowing seasons. MBC sharply declined during soil thaw and was accompanied by a peak in available N pool. Induced by changes in soil temperatures, significant shifts in the structures and functions of microbial communities were observed during the winter–spring transition and largely contributed to microbial reduction. The divergent seasonal dynamics of different N forms showed a complementary nutrient supply pattern during the growing season. Similarities between the interannual dynamics of microbial biomass and available N pools were observed, and soil temperature and water conditions were the primary environmental factors driving interannual fluctuations. Owing to the changes in climate, seasonal soil microbial activities and nutrient supply patterns are expected to change further, and these changes may have crucial implications for the productivity and biodiversity of alpine ecosystems.
Optimum coagulant forecasting by modeling jar test experiments using ANNs
Authors: Haghiri Sadaf , Daghighi Amin , Moharramzadeh Sina
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Currently, the proper utilization of water treatment plants and optimizing their use is of particular importance. Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment are the common ways through which the use of coagulants leads to instability of particles and the formation of larger and heavier particles, resulting in improvement of sedimentation and filtration processes. Determination of the optimum dose of such a coagulant is of particular significance. A high dose, in addition to adding costs, can cause the sediment to remain in the filtrate, a dangerous condition according to the standards, while a sub-adequate dose of coagulants can result in the reducing the required quality and acceptable performance of the coagulation process. Although jar tests are used for testing coagulants, such experiments face many constraints with respect to evaluating the results produced by sudden changes in input water because of their significant costs, long time requirements, and complex relationships among the many factors (turbidity, temperature, pH, alkalinity, etc.) that can influence the efficiency of coagulant and test results. Modeling can be used to overcome these limitations; in this research study, an artificial neural network (ANN) multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with one hidden layer has been used for modeling the jar test to determine the dosage level of used coagulant in water treatment processes. The data contained in this research have been obtained from the drinking water treatment plant located in Ardabil province in Iran. To evaluate the performance of the model, the mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) parameters have been used. The obtained values are within an acceptable range that demonstrates the high accuracy of the models with respect to the estimation of water-quality characteristics and the optimal dosages of coagulants; so using these models will allow operators to not only reduce costs and time taken to perform experimental jar tests but also to predict a proper dosage for coagulant amounts and to project the quality of the output water under real conditions.