bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convective and Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficients during Drying of Ivy Gourd under Natural and Forced Convection Solar Dryer
Authors: Elangovan Elavarasan , NATARAJAN SENDHIL KUMAR
Published: May 2022

In the present work, a study on convective heat, mass transfer coefficients and evaporative heat transfer coefficient of the thin layer drying process of ivy gourd is performed. The experiment was conducted in three drying modes such as natural, forced convection solar dryer and open sun drying. The hourly data for the rate of moisture removal, sample temperature, relative humidity inside and outside the solar and ambient air temperature for complete drying have been recorded. The drying air temperature was varied as 55, 65, 70 and 75 °C, and the air velocity is 1, 1.5 and 2 m/s. All the drying experiments had shown a falling rate period. The data obtained from experimentation have been used to evaluate the Experimental constant values of C and n by simple regression analysis. Based on the values of “C” and “n”, convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients for ivy gourd were determined. The average convective heat and mass transfer coefficients varied between 2.641 and 8.305 W/m2°C and 0.0025 to 0.0076 m/s for temperature range, at the different air velocities, respectively. The average evaporative heat transfer coefficient for ivy gourd was varied from 181.89 to 421.84 W/m2°C. It was observed that convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients increase with the increase in drying air temperature. The rate of increment of evaporative heat transfer coefficient is higher than the convective heat transfer coefficient. The intensity of heat and mass transfer during solar drying depends on the drying air temperature and velocity.
Predictors and histological effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer and control of lateral lymph node metastasis
Authors: Miyakita Hiroshi , Chan Lin Fung , Okada Kazutake , Kayano Hajime , Mori Masaki , Sadahiro Sotaro , Yamamoto Seiichiro
Published: May 2022

[Introduction] Standard treatment strategy for low rectal cancer in Japan is different from Western countries. Total mesorectum excision (TME) + lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) is mainly carried out in Japan, whereas neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) + TME is selected in Western countries. There is no clear definition of preoperative diagnosis of lateral lymph node metastasis. If we can predict lateral lymph node swelling that can be managed by nCRT from lateral lymph node swelling that require surgical resection, clinical benefit is significant. In the current study we assessed characteristics of the lateral lymph node recurrence (LLNR) and LLND that can be managed by nCRT.[Patients and Methods] Patients with low rectal cancer (n=168) underwent nCRT between 2009 and 2016. We evaluated CEA, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet / lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lateral lymph node short axis pre and post nCRT, respectively, and also evaluated tumor shrinkage rate, tumor regression grade (TRG). We evaluated the relationship between each and LLNR.[Results] LLND was not carried out all patients. Factors associated with LLNR were PLR and lymph node short axis pre and post nCRT. (p=0.0269, 0.0278, p＜0.0001, p＜0.0001, respectively). Positive recurrence cut-off values of lateral lymph node short-axis calculated were 11.6 mm pre nCRT and 5.5 mm post nCRT. [Conclusion] Results suggest that PLR before and after CRT was associated with control of LLNR, and LLND should be performed on lateral lymph nodes with short-axis of 5 mm and 11 mm pre and post nCRT.
Invariance of Electric and Magnetic Fields in Relativistic Electrodynamics
Authors: Ünlü Hilmi
Published: May 2022

The classical four-dimensional spacetime coordinate approach of special relativity is known to yield the electric (or magnetic) field components in one reference frame as mixture of both electric and magnetic field components in another reference frame. In this work we show that adding two extra time coordinates to four dimensional spacetime coordinates of classical theory yields electric (or magnetic) field components in one frame as mixture of only electric (magnetic) field components in another frame. In doing so, we use the conformal invariance condition for the six-dimensional metric and homogeneous Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave equations under the Voigt transformation between two massive inertial frames to derive a set of six dimensional linear spacetime coordinate equations in forward and inverse Lorentz transformations. The three space
coordinates yield time contraction (expansion) of volume with three-time coordinates vary linearly with space coordinates for forward (inverse) transformation between two massive frames moving relative to each other. We show that in such massive inertial framework the cartesian components of electric and magnetic fields are Lorentz invariant along three axes between two massive inertial frames. Furthermore, we prove that the components of electric and magnetic fields in one massive inertial frame can be expressed in terms of their components in another massive inertial frame. We further show that Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave equations are Lorentz invariant between two massive inertial frames in vacuum and material medium with and without charge and current.
Gloria Storm Effects on the Coastal Boulders East of Minorca (Balearic Islands)
Authors: Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier , Martín-Prieto José Angel , Rodríguez-Perea Antonio , Gelabert Bernadí
Published: May 2022

The article addresses the analysis of the effects of an extreme marine event, the 2020 storm Gloria, on boulder-field deposits on the eastern coast of Menorca. These deposits were interpreted by the authors as tsunami deposits, formed between the 17th and 19th centuries. Measurements were made of boulders that have been displaced and of the new boulders formed by erosion of the coastal scarp, as well as contrasting all this information with the data of the previous configuration of the boulder fields. These data are complemented with the application of hydrodynamic equations, wave data from buoys and bathymetric profiles in order to verify the limited capacity of even the heaviest storms to modify the position of the boulders in these inland deposits. The Gloria storm, with return periods of more than 200 years, shows the impossibility of moving the thousands of metric blocks to their current positions. Therefore, they require tsunami events such as those that hit these coasts from North Africa.
Introducing a New Mux Based Signal Connectivity and Delay- Power Model for Gate Diffusion Input Technique
Authors: Ponnian Jebashini , Pari Senthil , Uma R. , Pun Ooi Chee
Published: May 2022

An accurate delay and power model is an inevitable component for a circuit simulator and logic synthesizer as it aids to evaluate the performance of the circuit. It is essential for the defining model to be simple, compact and accurate in order to characterize its design parameters. Hence, the number of attributes defined in the delay and power model should be less and not compromise on accuracy. The model parameters have to also independently match and connect to the device parameters for proper measurement. Using these as imperatives, this research attempts to define the creation of GDI library using a MUX based signal connectivity model and define the creation of the delay and power model for the proposed GDI library. This research utilizes a model developed for un-skewed and skewed gates in -single and multi-stage networks. It calculates the delay calculation for simple RC networks and multi-path combinational circuits. The power model is described using two components; the node activity factor and the power factor which is related to internal node capacitances, wiring and gate capacitances of the driving and receiving GDI nodes. The probability signal transition characteristics of all GDI cells are also termly described. The experimentation findings from this research, which meets the specifications of the sub-micron library supported for the SilTerra 130nm 6-metal layer fabricated for CMOS n-well process reveals that the proposed GDI library is indeed better and superior by the parameters of the delay-transistor and power utilization in relation to the PTL and CMOS technology. An overall 55 – 65% improvement is achieved for primitives when simulation is carried out in mentor graphics for the 130nm CMOS process. The proposed delay model also evidently proves that the logical effort of GDI cells is less in comparison to the CMOS technology. The node activity factor α0 →1 of the proposed GDI cells ranges from 0.1-0.2 whereas in CMOS it is 0.1-0.3.
Metabolomics analysis reveals the differences between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd
Authors: Qu Xuejie , Hu Shanqun , Li Tong , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Baoshun , Liu Changli
Published: May 2022

Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. are two varieties of Bupleuri radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020. Clinical efficacy of the two bupleurum species is different. Detailed comparisons of metabolites between the two varieties and different tissues are not available. In order to analyze the difference of metabolites, we used LC-MS and GC-MS to detect the root, stem, leaf and flower of two varieties, and detected 1818 metabolites in 25 classes. We performed statistical analysis of metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened by Fold Change and VIP values of OPLS-DA model and significant differences were found among different groups. The active components triterpenoid saponins in BcR were more than BsR. Other pharmacological substances were significantly different. By KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis, we found that the differential metabolites of the aboveground part mainly concentrated in monoterpenoids biosynthesis, while the differential metabolites of the root mainly concentrated in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Differences in metabolic networks may indirectly affect the metabolic profile of Bc and Bs, leading to differences in clinical efficacy. Our study maybe provide reference for evaluating the quality of medicinal materials, developing other medicinal parts and guiding the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine.
The effect of community-based intervention packages on common metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases: a field trial study
Authors: Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Karimi Seyed M , Mirbaha-Hashemi Fariba , Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash , Janani Leila , Babaee Ebrahim , Nojomi Marzieh , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
Published: May 2022

Background: Non-communicable diseases can be controlled and managed by reducing their associated metabolic risk factors. In this study, a set of intervention packages were designed to reduce the prevalence of three common metabolic risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity and overweight) in the community by motivating non-physician health workers. Methods: A field trial study was conducted in 4 districts of Iran. Thirty-two community health centers were randomly selected in the districts. A survey of 30 to 70-year-old participants in each community health center was conducted to measure baseline metabolic risk factors. The intervention packages focused on improving hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity and overweight. The interventions included goal-setting, evidence-based education, operational planning, and incentive payments for non-physician health workers. A second survey to measure the final metabolic risk factors was performed after one year. The difference-in-difference method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention packages.Results: The average age of participants in both surveys was 49 years, and the sex ratio did not change. In percentage of surveyed individuals with a college education was greater in non-intervention centers. The interventions had statistically significant effects only on decreasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The package with all the interventions except pay-for-performance decreased the odds of overweight and obesity to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.95). Conclusion: Involving non-physician health workers and having action plans based on the health needs of the covered population, as well as holding training courses, and introducing new prevention and control strategies, can decrease obesity and overweight in the community. However, longer trials are needed to observe the effects on hypertension and hyperlipidemia.Trial Registration: This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20081205001488N2) on 03/06/2018 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/774).
Anaplastic meningioma WHO Grade III: Case Report and Review of Immunohistopathological characteristics.
Authors: LUBUULWA JAMES , Shu Kai , Jiang Wei , Lei Ting
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Anaplastic meningiomas constitute about 2% of all intracranial meningiomas and are known to be aggressive with a mean overall survival and mean relapse-free survival at 3.3 years and 2.7 years respectively. We treated a patient with a World Health Organization (WHO) grade III Anaplastic Meningioma, a rare histological variant of convexity meningiomas in which intraoperatively we found the tumor mass was uniquely of mixed characteristics particularly peritumoral subdural effusion
Research question
We show in this case report that convexity lesions presenting with subdural lesions should be highly suspected for WHO III anaplastic meningiomas backed with the immunohistopathological findings.
Material and methods
Routine computed tomography for patients with neurologic signs and symptoms which reveal a convexity peri-tumoral subdural collection should be suspected for WHO III anaplastic meningiomas. Surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy offered a good clinical outcome.
Results
Postoperative the patient described a gradual improvement of the of expressive aphasia, deficits in speech, detectable personality changes or motor/sensory deficits. MRI at the three-month, six-month, one-year and two-year postoperative follow-up, revealed no evidence of residual tumor nor any observed recurrence nor recurrence of pre-operative symptoms.
Discussion and conclusion
In this paper, we present the rare radiological presentation and immunohistopathological characteristics of this WHO III Grade III anaplastic meningioma. WHO III anaplastic meningiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial tumors which present with peritumoral subdural collection on routine contrast tomography imaging. Our findings may contribute to the literature of the histopathological nature and behavior of this tumor subtype.
Phylogenetic analyses, morphological studies, and muscarine detection reveal two new toxic Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) species from tropical China
Authors: Zhao Li-Na , Yu Wen-Jie , Deng Lun-Sha , Hu Jian-Hua , Ge Yu-Peng , Zeng Nian-Kai , Fan Yu-Guang
Published: May 2022

As a result of molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological studies, two new species of the genus Pseudosperma, namely P. fulvidiscum and P. singulare were discovered in Wuzhishan Nature Reserve of Hainan Province of China. The two new species are distinct from other known Pseudosperma species in the phylogenetic polygram inferred from a combined nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. Muscarine contents of the two new species were detected using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach. In addition, a new combination was proposed based on phylogenetic evidences.
Nano X Image Guidance in Radiation Therapy: cone beam computed tomography imaging with gravity induced motion
Authors: Debrot Emily , Liu Paul , Gardner Mark , Heng Soo Min , Chan Chin Hwa , Corde Stephanie , Downes Simon , Jackson Michael , Keall Paul
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis paper describes the protocol for the Nano X Image Guidance (Nano X IG), a single-institution, clinical imaging study. The Nano X is a prototype fixed-beam radiotherapy system developed to investigate the feasibility of a low cost, compact radiotherapy system to increase global access to radiation therapy. This study aims to assess the feasibility of volumetric image guidance with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) acquired during horizontal patient rotation on the Nano X radiotherapy system.MethodsIn the Nano X IG study we will determine whether image guidance can be performed with the Nano X radiotherapy system, to a clinically acceptable and usable standard for radiotherapy. We will acquire both conventional CBCT scans and Nano X CBCT scans, where the patient is horizontally rotated while scan projections are acquired, for 30 patients. For each patient a panel of experts will assess the image quality of Nano X CBCT scans against conventional CBCT scans. Each patient will receive two Nano X CBCT scans to determine the image quality reproducibility, the extent and reproducibility of patient motion and assess patient tolerance.DiscussionFixed-beam radiotherapy systems have the potential to help ease the current shortfall and increase global access to radiotherapy treatment. Advances in image guidance could facilitate fixed-beam radiotherapy using horizontal patient rotation. The efficacy of this radiotherapy approach is dependent on our ability to image and adapt to motion due to rotation and for patients to tolerate rotation during treatment.Trial registrationThis study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 27 July 2020. The identifier is: NCT04488224.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Five Sisters Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park Reveals a Dynamic Thermoalkaline Environment
Authors: Peach Jesse T , Mueller Rebecca C , Skorupa Dana J , Mesle Margaux M , Kanta Sutton , Boltinghouse Eric , Sharon Bailey , Copié Valerie , Bothner Brian , Peyton Brent M
Published: May 2022

Research focused on microbial populations of thermoalkaline springs has been driven in a large part by the lure of discovering functional enzymes with industrial applications in high-pH and high temperature environments. While several studies have focused on understanding the fundamental ecology of these springs, the small molecule profiles of thermoalkaline springs have largely been overlooked. To better understand how geochemistry, small molecule composition, and microbial communities are connected, we conducted a three-year study of the Five Sisters (FS) springs that included high-resolution geochemical measurements, 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal community, and mass spectrometry-based metabolite and extracellular small molecule characterization. Integration of the four datasets facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the interwoven thermoalkaline spring system. Over the course of the study, the microbial population responded to changing environmental conditions, with archaeal populations decreasing in both relative abundance and diversity compared to bacterial populations. Decreases in the relative abundance of Archaea were associated with environmental changes that included decreased availability of specific nitrogen- and sulfur-containing extracellular small molecules and fluctuations in metabolic pathways associated with nitrogen cycling. This multi-factorial analysis demonstrates that the microbial community composition is more closely correlated with pools of extracellular small molecules than with the geochemistry of the thermal springs. This is a novel finding and suggests that a previously overlooked component of thermal springs may have a significant impact on microbial community composition.
The Effect of Vitamin C-Loaded Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Poly (Glycerol Sebacate) Fibers for Peripheral Nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Alipour Hamed , Saudi Ahmad , Alavi Omid , Zeraatpisheh Zahra , Abolhassani Sareh , Rafienia Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Vitamin C (VC) is an essential supplement that plays an important role in cellular processes and functions and has been applied for therapeutic purposes for many years. Recently, the beneficial effects of VC on peripheral nerve regeneration have been gained lots of attention. In this study, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) fibers incorporated with different concentrations of VC (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) were developed for peripheral nerve tissue engineering. The morphology of the fibers was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile analysis (Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation at break), release profile of VC from the PCL/PGS fibers, in vitro degradation, water uptake behavior, and contact angle measurements were also studied. 3-(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and SEM were utilized to evaluate the attachment and viability of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) on the scaffolds. The results showed that all scaffolds had a uniform diameter and mean diameter deceased from 1.24 to 0.88 µm followed by increasing VC. Young’s modulus and UTS enhanced with increasing in VC percentage. Contact angle analysis showed that VC increased the surface hydrophilicity of PCL/PGS fibers from 31.4º to 13.6º. MTT assays demonstrated that PCL/PGS containing 5 wt.% VC have a greater viability rate among other scaffolds. Our outcome indicated possible applicability of VC containing scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.
Oxycodone vs. tramadol in postoperative parent-controlled intravenous analgesia in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multiple-center clinical trial
Authors: Li Siyuan , Xiong Hongfei , Jia Yingping , Li Zhengchen , Chen Yexi , Zhong Liang , Liu Feng , Qu Shuangquan , Du Zhen , Wang Yuxia , Huang Suxia , Zhao Yonghui , Liu Jing , Jiang Lihua
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute postoperative pain management in pediatric patients is one of the major challenges for anesthesiologist. Oxycodone has shown superior effects in both postoperative somatic and visceral pain relief in adult patients after surgery. However, limited studies have investigated the administration of oxycodone for pain relief in children after surgery. We therefore test the hypothesis that oxycodone can provide adequate postoperative pain relief in children with parent-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). The secondary outcomes included the incidence of major adverse complications and parents’ satisfaction.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multiple-center clinical trial. Children patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to the tramadol & oxycodone groups. Tramadol (1.0mg/kg) or oxycodone (0.1mg/kg) was administrated at the end of surgery, followed by PCIA without background infusion. A fixed bolus dose of 0.5mg/kg and 0.05mg/kg was set to tramadol and oxycodone-PCIA, respectively. The lockout time of 10 mins was set to all patients. Results: Both tramadol and oxycodone-PCIA provided well postoperative pain control (FLACC<4) in post anesthesia care unit (PACU) and in the wards, and no alterative rescue analgesia requirement was needed. There was no difference in the FLACC scores and bolus does demand in the PACU, length between the first bolus dose and the discharge from PACU, analgesic drug consumption, bolus times, function activity score or parents’ satisfaction scores between tramadol and oxycodone group in the wards (P>0.05). The major adverse effects in both groups were nausea & vomiting, but there was no difference in the incidence either in the PACU or in the wards (p>0.05). Patients in oxycodone groups showed milder sedation levels and a shorter stay in the PACU when compared with the tramadol group (P<005). Conclusions：Oxycodone can provide an adequate postoperative analgesia in children, with mild side effects. Oxycodone can be an alternative choice for postoperative pain relief for children patients.Trial registration: The study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (Registration number: ChiCTR1800016372; Date of first registration: 28/05/2018).
Bacteriophages in Wastewater Treatment: Can They Be an Approach to Optimize the Anammox-based Processes?
Authors: Bolsan Alice Chiapetti , Rodrigues Heloisa Campeão , Abilhôa Hélen Caroline Zonta , Hollas Camila Ester , Venturin Bruno , Gabiatti Naiana Cristine , Bortoli Marcelo , Kunz Airton , De Prá Marina Celant
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we explore the applications of bacteriophages and the advantages of using these viruses to elucidate the possibility of applying them to control substrate competition organisms in anammox-based processes. The partial nitrification/anammox offers economic and structural advantages compared to conventional nitrogen removal processes. However, the appearance of substrate competing bacteria is typical, as is the case of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), which tend to grow unrestrainedly in the system, converting all ammonia to nitrate, globally impacting the system once substrate availability is compromised. Thus, control measures to prevent this substrate competition are vital for process efficiency. We used a literature review depicting the main applications of bacteriophages in wastewater treatment plants. Initial studies demonstrated bacteriophages have great potential to be applied in anammox-based processes, such as partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) acting to combat NOB, a valuable economic and environmental tool to improve the efficiency of nitrogen removal processes. Although these viruses have already been studied in various applications to optimize treatment plant processes, technology transfer remains a challenge due to the limitations of the technique and the complexity of biological systems. The research development focused on application strategies in conjunction with molecular biology techniques can expand this study area, enabling the discovery of bacteria and bacteriophages.
The optimization method of wing ice shape regulation based on flight dynamics characteristics
Authors: Dou PengFei , Li ZHE , Dong ZE Hong , XIE LI-KE
Published: May 2022

Ice on aircraft wing leads to the destruction of aerodynamic characteristics ,dynamic characteristics and flight quality, seriously threatening flight safety. Plasma ice shape regulation is a new type of de/anti-icing method, which rapidly dissolves ice accretion to intermittent ice through the thermal effect .How to realize the optimal regulation ice shape on the premise of balancing flight safety and energy consumption is a technical problem restricting plasma anti-icing methods. The typical 3D simulation ice shape was built according to the results of previous ice wind tunnel experiments and ice accretion laws of swept wings. The aerodynamic parameters under no ice, two kinds of regulation ice shape and full ice were obtained based on wind tunnel. Six degrees of freedom flight dynamics model was established. The dynamic characteristics, flight quality was comparative analyzed. More comparing and analyzing two de-icing schemes, the scheme for ice width to average aerodynamic chord length ratio at 0.15 had a better effect. A comparison method of plasma ice shape regulation scheme based on aerodynamic characteristics, dynamic characteristics and flight quality evaluation is proposed. The proposed method can provide reference for reasonable design of de-icing scheme.
Statistical Analyses of Pore Radii on the Performance of PET-nanocomposite Membranes in the Removal of Iron and Anions F Rom Ibeshe River
Authors: Agboola Oluranti , Khalih Ajibola Ademola , Oladokun Olagoke , Ayeni Augustine Omoniyi , Chukwudubem Frederick Uzokwe , Odunlami Olayemi , Elehinafe Francis , Yahaya Abdulrazaq , Moropeng Lucey
Published: May 2022

Ibese watershed has been experiencing lower water quality due to industrialization. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite membranes (M1, M2 and M3) synthesized by non-solvent-induced phase separation on polyester nonwoven support using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additive was reported. The membranes (M1, M2 and M3) were respectively synthesized with 1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% GO. The morphology of the membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ImageJ software was used to study the pore size distribution of the membranes. Python was use for the statistical study using the uniform distribution curve and mean and the results show that the radius data distribution is tightly clustered around the mean. The adsorption performance of composite membranes was examined for the removal of ions from the river water. The membranes were assessed through flux, adsorption capacity and the rejection of iron and anions found in Ibese river water. M3 membrane gave higher rejection rate for the three anions and iron. The % rejection of nitrate ion with M3 membrane is 96%, 85%%, 72% and 60% respectively for NO3−, Cl−, HCO3− and Fe. Increase in the quantity of GO increased water flux and the maximum water flux was attained with 3wt% GO.
Research on precision modeling method of CNC machine tool with full space accurately based on big data
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Guohua , Zhang Xiuqin , Li Bo , Yan Qing , Zhao Dianzhang
Published: May 2022

Through analyzing the installation method of laser interferometer measurement aids and the planning of measurement path, a direct measurement method of the error data of the feature points in the whole space of the machine tool is proposed according to the principle of laser interferometry. On this basis, a spatial interpolation algorithm is used to calculating the precision of quasi-feature points based on the error data of 8 vertices (that is feature points) of the small cube in machine tool space.The error data of a small cube has been increased from 8 to 125，which provides a large amount of sample data for the full-space precision modeling of machine tool. Finally, after obtaining the full-space feature points and quasi-feature point accuracy data of the machine tool, a neural network prediction model of machine tool full-space precision is established.Example application verification shows that the prediction precision exceeds 94%.
Utilization of Youth Friendly Health Services and Associated Factors: A Community- Based Analytical Cross-Sectional Study Among Young People in The Tamale Metropolis
Authors: Awuah Vivian , Apiung Gifty , Konlaan Boinkum
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPremarital sexual activities among the youth have been on the rise globally in recent years. However, the awareness level and patronage of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health service centres are low. The purpose of this study was to evaluate young people's knowledge level, their attitude, access and the utilization of youth-friendly health services (YFHS) in the Tamale Metropolis, in the northern region of Ghana. MethodsAbout 420 young people aged between 14-and 24 years were conveniently recruited from the Tamale Metropolis in northern Ghana. A Likert scale was used to assess the knowledge level and attitude variables towards youth-friendly health services. To determine the correlation between the relevant characteristics and attitudes toward youth-friendly health services, the logit model and the Chi-square statistics were applied. Finally, Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was used to establish the most important component that influenced the access and utilization of youth-friendly health services in this sample. Results The knowledge level about YFHS among respondents was low (69%). Furthermore, the majority (71%) of the respondents in this study had a negative attitude towards YFHS. Additionally, 63% of the respondents reported that they have never been to the YFHS centre before. The study also found that the most important hinder when determining whether or not to visit a YFHS was the cost element of the service (p=0.00) while religion was the least important factor affecting both access and utilization of youth-friendly health services with a p-value of (p=0.00).ConclusionThe majority of young people had low knowledge of YFHS, poor attitudes toward YFHS and most of them never visited any YFHS centres. The findings suggest the need for duty bearers in the Tamale Metropolis to scale-up education about the youth-friendly health service centres among the youth to bridge the knowledge gap. The cost of patronising YFHS centres could also be subsidised (if possible, made cost-free) to promote access and utilization of the centres among the youth in the Tamale Metropolis.
Examining the rural-urban divide in predisposing, enabling, and need factors of unsafe abortion in India using Anderson's behavioral model
Authors: Rahaman Margubur , Das Puja , Chouhan Pradip , Das Kailash Chandra
Published: May 2022

Background: Rural India experienced a high frequency of unsafe abortions; therefore more research is needed to understand the regional patterns and socio-demographic factors of unsafe abortion by place of residence. The present study aims to explore the predisposing, enabling, and need factors of unsafe abortion in India. Methods: In the National Family Health Survey, 2015-16, women aged 15–49 who had their last pregnancy terminated by induced abortion during the five years prior to the survey (N = 9113) were included in the study. The present study computed the rural-urban divide in percentage of unsafe abortions by respondents’ background characteristics. Predisposing, enabling, and need factors for unsafe abortion in India by place of residence were investigated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: In India, 27.3% of responders performed unsafe abortions out of 9113 induced abortions in 2015-16. Furthermore, the rural-urban divide was found to be considerable (7.2%), particularly among women aged 35-39 (15%). In terms of predisposing factors, there was a substantial difference in adjusted odds of unsafe abortions across the regions, with the risk of unsafe abortions being much higher in the urban eastern region (aOR:5.90, 95% CI:3.96,8.80) compared to the urban south region. In India, the likelihood of unsafe abortions increased with decreasing age, regardless of where the woman lived. In rural settings, women with an uneducated spouse are more likely to have unsafe abortions (aOR:1.92 CI:1.27,2.90). In India, poor households were more likely to undergo unsafe abortions, whereas it was found more likely in rural settings (aOR:1.26 95% CI:1.10,1.50). Similarly, SCs/STs more likely performed unsafe abortion in rural settings. In both rural and India, unmet need for family planning was revealed to be a significant need factor for unsafe abortion.Conclusion: Despite the fact that abortion is legal, India's high estimated frequency of unsafe abortion reveals a serious public health issue. Large numbers of women are at risk of unsafe abortion due to socioeconomic vulnerability, unmet family planning needs, and a lack of awareness.
Self-Compacting Concrete with Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate-Experimental Study
Authors: Yarramsetty Bala Balaji , M. Hema Bhargavi , M. Swaroopa Rani
Published: May 2022

Self-compacting concrete, which can flow by its own weight and occupy all gaps and restricted regions of the formwork without any external or internal vibrations, is one of the most significant discoveries in concrete science. Workability and mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were investigated using M30 grade self-compacting concrete with 20% class C fly ash mineral admixture and fine aggregate with copper slag in proportions of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% in this paper. This mix % also includes two chemical admixtures, Auramix 200 and Conplast SP430. Adding fly ash to the paste, according to the observations, improves volume while also improving workability. In terms of compressive strength, copper slag at 60% yielded good results. The greatest results for split tensile and flexural strength were obtained when up to 40% of the fine aggregate was substituted with copper slag. When compared to the nominal mix, compressive strength improved by 15.18 percent, split tensile strength increased by 12.9 percent, and flexural strength increased by 18.8 percent at 28 days.
PKIB regulates tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer through inhibition of autophagy
Authors: SUN LU , ZONG BEIGE , LI FEI , QIAO YINA , JIN TING , WANG YIHUA , ZHANG YINGZI , JIN YUDI , Liu Shengchun , QU FANLI
Published: May 2022

Tamoxifen is a first-line adjuvant endocrine drug used in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The drug’s therapeutic benefit is limited by the development of resistance due to alterations in autophagy function. In this study, the role of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor-β (PKIB) in autophagy and the development of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer were evaluated. Expression of PKIB was assessed by RTq-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tamoxifen-resistant and sensitive breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples. Knockdown and overexpression of PKIB were used to determine the sensitivity to tamoxifen in vitro and the status of autophagy. Further, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were used to explore the tamoxifen resistance mechanism of PKIB. CREB/ATG7 signaling activation was evaluated after knocking down of PKIB in MCF7 and T47D cells. The level of PKIB expression was upregulated in the tamoxifen-sensitive breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D) and in primary tumor tissues. Knock down of PKIB decreased the sensitivity to tamoxifen both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly enhanced the autophagy level in the tamoxifen-sensitive cell lines. In contrast, overexpression of PKIB inhibited autophagy and restore tamoxifen sensitivity in tamoxifen-resistant cells. Moreover, an increase in p-CREB and ATG7 protein expression levels were observed in MCF7/si2-PKIB and T47D/si2-PKIB cells by Western blot. Finally, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis also indicated that the high level of PKIB predicts a good prognosis in breast cancer. Overall, our findings demonstrated that PKIB suppresses CREB/ATG7 activation and subsequent autophagy which could contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.
Design and Investigation of Double Gate Field Effect Transistor Based H2 Gas Sensor Using Ultra-Thin Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Karmakar Ananya , De Arpan , Sen Dipanjan , Chanda Manash
Published: May 2022

In this article, a low-power hydrogen (H 2 ) gas sensor has been proposed using a two-dimensional (2D) material based Double Gate Field Effect Transistor (2D-FET). It is imperative to highlight that the conventional threedimensional (3D) materials cannot be scaled down to an ultra-low dimension due to the presence of dangling bonds, surface roughness scattering etc. This creates a major challenge in developing low-dimensional sensors for next generation sensing and computing. In this context, we have developed an extensive simulation model, which articulates the physical phenomena behind a catalytic metal gate-based hydrogen gas sensor using a 2D-FET. A 5 nm thin Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) film has been used as the channel material for the proposed 2D-FET based gas sensor. The sensor has been modelled by emphasizing on the catalytic metal (Palladium) gate approach, where the work function of the gate metal deposited on top of the channel region varies after the absorption of the hydrogen gas. Moreover, the Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) based gas sensor model has been developed by considering a change in the pressure of H 2 gas as well. We have also highlighted the effect of Metal/MoS 2 contact on sensor performance. In terms of results, a maximum threshold voltage (V th ) shift of 100 mV has been obtained against a gas pressure of 10 -10 torr, whereas the maximum percentage of change in I ON /I OFF is 100.
Massive Virtual screening and evaluation of small molecule inhibitors of the Papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Osorio Manuel I. , Yañez Osvaldo , Gallardo Mauricio , García-Beltrán Olimpo , González-Nilo Fernando , Pérez-Donoso José M.
Published: May 2022

With the rapid emergence and spread of new variants of coronavirus type 2 causing acute respiratory syndrome, it is necessary to search for new pharmacological treatments for the disease, especially for patients infected by the new and more aggressive variants of the virus. In the present work, we selected from the PubChem database, ~ 18,000 compounds with similar structure to GRL0617, a papain-like protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. Then, based on the ligand efficacy index obtained by molecular docking, the 500 compounds with higher affinity than GRL0617 for the protease were evaluated. Finally, the seven compounds with ADME parameters within the acceptable range for such a drug were selected. Then, 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies, ∆G calculations using Molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area solvation, and quantum mechanical calculations were performed with the selected compounds. Using this In Silico protocol, seven papain-like protease inhibitors are proposed: three compounds with binding free energy like GRL0617 (D28, D04 and D59), three compounds with binding free energy higher than GRL0617 (D60, D99 and D06) and one compound (D24) that could bind to the ubiquitin binding region and reduce the effect on the host immune system. The proposed compounds could be used in in vitro tests, and the described protocol could be used for intelligent drug design.
Improving the estimation of thermospheric neutral density via two-step assimilation of in-situ neutral density into a numerical model
Authors: Corbin Armin , Kusche Jürgen
Published: May 2022

Neutral thermospheric density is an essential quantity required for precise orbit determination of satellites, collision avoidance of satellites, re-entry prediction of satellites or space debris, and satellite lifetime assessments. Empirical models of the thermosphere fail to provide sufficient estimates of neutral thermospheric density along the orbits of satellites by reason of approximations, assumptions and a limited temporal resolution. At high solar activity these estimates can be off by 70% when comparing to observations at 12 hourly averages. Nowadays, neutral density is regularly observed with satellite accelerometers on board of low Earth orbiting satellites like CHAMP, GOCE, GRACE, GRACE-FO, or Swarm. When assimilating such along-track information into global models of thermosphere-ionosphere dynamics, it has been often observed that only a very local subdomain of the model grid around the satellite’s position is updated. To extend the impact to the entire model domain we suggest a new two-step approach: We use accelerometer derived neutral densities from the CHAMP mission in a first step to calibrate an empirical thermosphere density model (NRLMSIS 2.0). In a second step, we assimilate—for the first time—densities predicted for a regular three dimensional grid into the TIE-GCM (Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model). Data assimilation is performed using the Local Error-Subspace Transform Kalman Filter provided by the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF). We test the new approach using a two week long period containing the 5 April 2010 Geomagnetic storm. Accelerometer derived neutral densities from the GRACE mission are used for additional evaluation. We demonstrate that the two-step approach globally improves the simulation of thermospheric density. We were not able to improve the density prediction at altitudes higher than about 350 km, but we could significantly improve the predication at the altitude of CHAMP. In fact, the offset between the accelerometer derived densities and the model prediction is reduced by two orders of magnitude when applying the two-step approach. The implication is that our approach allows one to much better ’transplant’ the precise CHAMP thermospheric density measurements to satellites flying at a similar altitude.
Intelligent Lifecycle Management of Landscapes through Building Information Modeling and Mixed Reality
Authors: Zhao Xuefeng , Li Mengxuan , Sun Zhe , Zhao Yue , Li Danyang , Gai Yihao , Wang Jingjing , Huang Chun , Yu Lei , Wang Sicong , Zhang Meng , Huang Lingli
Published: May 2022

Context
Intelligent lifecycle management is essential to ensure the sustainable development of landscapes. Unfortunately, various challenges still exist in achieving model creation, data transmission, project coordination, and plant maintenance.
Objectives
Integrated use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Mix Reality (MR) techniques could help establish digital representations of objects with semantic information. Such integration of BIM and MR offers instinctual interactions by blending the physical and digital worlds.
Methods
The authors propose a framework based on the BIM and MR for intelligent management during the planting and maintenance processes of landscapes. The framework includes two parts, 1) to establish a parameterized method for detailed plant model creation based on CAD, Excel, Dynamo, and Revit, and 2) to establish a collaborative management method for plant maintenance through BIM model and MR device.
Results
The intelligent lifecycle management framework proposed in this study can achieve 1) establish detailed models for various plants, 2) capture spatiotemporal changes of plants across four seasons for model updating, 3) allow real-time data transmission for effective project coordination, and 4) remote maintenance of various plants. Furthermore. The authors use the Jinhu Park project in the Xiong'an New District of China as a case study to validate the proposed framework.
Conclusions
Results show that the integrated use of BIM and MR for lifecycle management of landscapes could help to improve the level of collaboration among multiple participants and the quality of plant lifecycle management. The proposed framework could support the sustainable development of landscapes in real practice.
Metabolomics Analysis of the Aqueous Humour Uncovers Potential Metabolite Biomarkers for Early Differential Detection of Macular Edema
Authors: Jiang Dan , Yan Congcong , Ge Lina , Yang Chun , Huang Ying , Chen Chonghua , Chen Wei , Zhou Meng , Lin Bing
Published: May 2022

Background: Macular edema (ME) is a major complication of several retinal diseases, and multiple mechanisms are involved in its development. This study aims to investigate the metabolite profiles of the aqueous humour in patients with ME of different aetiologies and identify potential metabolite biomarkers allowing ME diagnosis in the very early stages of the disease.Results: The metabolic profiles of aqueous humour differed significantly between ME patients and healthy controls, and 105 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. Pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites are mainly involved in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Further comparison analysis also revealed significant differences in the metabolic composition of aqueous humour of ME patients derived from age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). In total, 39 and 79 aetiology-specific altered metabolites were identified for AMD-ME and DME, respectively. Finally, a novel aqueous humour-derived machine learning-based metabolic model was developed, which successfully validated in the test cohort with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 for AMD-ME, 0.94 for DME and 0.77 for BRVO-ME.Conclusions: Our study illustrates the underlying metabolic basis of aqueous humour for different aetiologies across ME populations and identifies aqueous humour-derived metabolite biomarkers that will improve differential diagnosis and treatment stratification for ME of different aetiologies.