bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Start of a life health risk, struggles and coping as experienced teenage mothers
Authors: Reyes Marris R. , Hangdaan Benilda M. , Sadang Kristine Mae C. , Pasion Marilyn G.
Published: May 2022

Motherhood plays a vital role in society. It greatly influences the personality and disposition of a child. Teenage pregnancy is one of the major international social issues; nonetheless, the available literature seemed to address this issue quite indecorously. Thus, this study intended to identify the dynamics and causes of teenage pregnancy based on the context of those who experienced it. This study mainly focused on the personal health risk experiences, struggles, and coping of teenage pregnancy. A semi-structured in-depth interview with 35 teenage mothers was conducted. The researchers carefully transcribed the conversations, then read and re-read, then summarized the musings and verbalizations of the participants. A descriptive Phenomenological approach was utilized to analyze the data. Then, the missing psyche, unwanted, social judgment, embrace (MUSE) Phase of Teenage Pregnancy emerged. This was validated using “critical-friend and correspondence technique”. Each phase reflects the onset, coping and struggles on becoming a teenage mother from conception to rearing the child. The discussion poses a unique perspective on understanding the phases of teenage pregnancy coming from the point of view of those who experienced it, which is vital in making efforts to prevention and intervention.
Post-vaccination side effects following the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers
Authors: Jain Timsi , Selvaraju Balaji , Jude Catherine , Kumar Ganesan Dinesh , Mohan Yogesh , Eashwar Anantha
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were launched after granting them ‘emergency use authorization’ approval. Beyond the clinical trial, there was very limited data on the side effects following vaccination This is a longitudinal study among health care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital. Information was also collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which included their demographic details, first dose and second dose. Post-vaccination follow-up was done at the centre which was then followed up by telephonic monitoring after 48 hours. In the present study 1,034 (65.6%) health care workers (HCWs) did not report any serious reactions/symptoms. Pain and tenderness were the most commonly reported side-effects in more than half. The severity of the symptoms following the second dose of vaccine was compared with the first dose and it was found that the majority 653 (41.4%) had reported no symptoms/reactions following both doses of vaccine. Every vaccine will have some side effects but it is important to understand that in the ongoing pandemic, vaccines are our “best shot” to fight against this virus.
University personnel and students’ perspective on COVID-19 vaccine acceptability
Authors: Santiago Jomell Miranda , Santos Angelo Reyes
Published: May 2022

Vaccines are life-saving technology that has led to the eradication, containment, or control of infectious illnesses around the globe. Many factors affect the vaccine acceptability of an individual. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptability and the willingness of the students, faculty and staff of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) to get vaccinated. A descriptive study approach and total sampling were adopted. A questionnaire was constructed to collect data on the respondents' profile, their source of information and statements regarding their acceptability and willingness to get vaccinated by the COVID-19 vaccine. Informed consent and permission to conduct were acquired. Various statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The vaccine acceptability was generally high and most was willing to get vaccinated. Their primary source of information was from television and social media on the internet. Their willingness to get vaccinated was influenced by their age, gender and the group where they belong in the university. Although more respondents are willing to get vaccinated, some still do not want to get vaccinated. Therefore, health education campaigns and vaccine promotion should be conducted to improve vaccine acceptance during the roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Public’s sentiment on COVID-19 nurses survivor
Authors: Astari Asti Melani , Switaningtyas Whaisna , Hayati Yati Sri
Published: May 2022

Nurse plays a critical role in health services during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Their duties and responsibilities impose them to stay around the patients with a high probability to become the spreaders of the virus. This study explored the experience of nurses about the public’s sentiment when the nurses confirmed COVID-19. This qualitative research was performed using a phenomenological approach. The data were collected through direct in-depth interviews and then analyzed using the Colaizzi method with a seven-step approach to 12 participants. The results showed: i) feeling stigmatized by the community and ii) feeling that the social stigma has an impact on the family, both of which are composed of several sub-themes and categories. Participants found a lot of experiences and challenges because they had to carry out their responsibilities in an environment enforcing them at risk of contracting the virus. Participants who had ever been confirmed positive for the COVID-19 perceived the stigma and negative views by the community. They needed support from all parties to create a good atmosphere and correct the wrong information related to the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Families and communities should provide motivation for the confirmed COVID-19 nurses to recover and complete the isolation procedure.
The use of salivary specimen for COVID-19 detection using RT-PCR assay: a systematic review
Authors: Budiyatno Kevin Chrisanta , Wibowo Adik , Riwu Samuel Lay
Published: May 2022

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases arose globally, active case finding by performing throat swab test proposed high risk for the healthcare workers. Saliva had recently been reported to show positive detection means for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and proposed advantages of self-collection, less requirement of transport media, and reduced nosocomial transmission risk. However, support evidence regarding its diagnostic value was still lacking and varied widely in specimen collection method. This systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic value of salivary specimens (SS) for COVID-19 detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay compared with throat swab specimens (TSS), while putting into consideration confounders such as patients’ initial condition, specimen collection method, and transport media used. Six databases were used for identifying relevant studies. Final search yielded 19 eligible studies which was reviewed based on the major outcome: diagnostic agreement, sensitivity & specificity, and viral load comparison. The use of SS as an alternative to TSS showed to be promising although specimen collection method needed to be standardized. SS was comparable to TSS in detecting COVID-19 using RT-PCR assay, especially in symptomatic or confirmed cases. More Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were still needed to clearly demonstrate the ability of SS to capture asymptomatic cases in the setting of mass surveillance, where patients would self-collect the specimen at ease.
Mask design to prevent foggy glasses and difficulty breathing
Authors: Mukmin Musdah Mulia , Soedarwanto Hady , Kurnia Mega Tri
Published: May 2022

The present of the pandemic has given to a new habit that we call the new normal. One of the habits we hear most often is wearing a mask. Ironically, the use of masks creates new problems for certain populations, for example, glasses users and people with respiratory problems. Eyeglass users complain of the effect of fog on the glasses when wearing a mask, sufferers of respiratory problems complain of shortness of breath when wearing a mask. To find the design solution, the researches employed the data analysis method and experiments (trials) on the appropriate shape, structure, and material of the mask. The results of this design succeeded in presenting the expected design solutions, namely preventing the effects of eyeglasses fog, reducing the effects of tightness when wearing a mask, a display that supports appearance, and fullfil the WHO mask criteria. It presented in four basic color variants.
The determining factors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake among elderly in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Intan , Purnomo Hari
Published: May 2022

The elderly is the most vulnerable population group during COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, the vaccination uptake against COVID-19 among the seniors was considered low. This research aimed to point out the most significant factor as the recommendation for government to develop strategy in increasing COVID-19 participation among elderly. The variables are the health belief model, trust in health authorities and media, the experience regarding COVID-19, the general vaccination behaviour, and the novel contribution is the addition of the health protocol compliance as the determining factors of Covid-19 vaccination uptake action among the elderly in Indonesia. The online survey using a structured questionnaire obtained 213 respondents aged ≥55 years old. Structured Equation Modelling was employed to test the model. The result showed that the health belief model (β=0.296), trust in media and authorities (β=0.524), and general vaccination behaviour (β=0.319) significantly affect health protocol compliance. The health belief model (β=0.699), trust in media authorities (β=0.933), and health protocol compliance (β=0.406) significantly affected the COVID-19 vaccination uptake behaviour. This result gives the implication that the government should focus on improving the trust in media and authorities among the elderly. This action would improve the knowledge of COVID-19 and increase the vaccination coverage among the elderly.
Women empowerment and its relationship with wealth index and COVID-19 prevention
Authors: Akhmadi Akhmadi , Amaliyah Eli
Published: May 2022

The pandemic requires empowering rural Indonesian women for their personal and family well-being and increased economic output because of their high participation in self-employment. This study aimed to find a relationship between women's empowerment, wealth level, and preventive behaviors towards the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted at two community health centers in Banten, Indonesia. Women over 18 years old, married with at least one kid, and willing to participate were eligible. Over half of the 200 women were under 30 (56%) and had a higher degree (56.5%). Around 67.5% were unemployed, and 60% earned less than the regional minimum wage. Women were sufficiently empowered in terms of economic, household, and social empowerment. Preventive behaviors toward COVID-19 were connected with educational level, wealth index, women empowerment score, and knowledge, with an adjusted R square of 31%. Women who are empowered have a higher wealth index and COVID-19 prevention activities. It is argued that initiatives aimed at increasing women's empowerment would positively impact improving public health.
Religiosity and quality of life among breast cancer patients: an integrative literature review
Authors: Dewi Rosliana , Panduragan Santha Letchmi , Umar Nur Syazana , Ahmad Ghulam
Published: May 2022

This paper examines recent data on the relationship between religiosity and quality of life. It also identifies emerging issues arising from the link between religion and quality of life. An integrative research review design implemented to review the existing articles on religiosity and quality of life. Search was conducted between January and February, 2021 in three online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect) using MeSH keywords such as 'religion' or 'religiosity', 'quality of life' and 'breast cancer,' Initial search resulted on 264 articles, however only nine articles met eligibility criteria for review. The seven of the studies employed a cross-sectional design and two studies implemented prospective design. The definition of religiosity and quality of life were varying in included study. Most of studies reported positive correlation and direct effect between religiosity and quality of life. Two studies reported no association between religiosity and quality of life. Two studies investigate the role of religiosity as moderating variabel; religiosity mediated relationship between posttraumatic growth and quality. A greater emphasis on the importance of religiosity in healthcare services and partnerships with other community groups benefit in improved service competence and cooperative relationships between healthcare providers and faith-based institutions.
Media exposure, attitude, anxiety and practices among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abdul Manan Kamaruzzaman , Ahmad Tajuddin Siti Nor Amalina , Ali Roslan , Bahari Khairul Azam , Ahmad Zeti Azreen , Downing Kevin
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated from China, went global within weeks. At the time of writing, almost 300 million people around the world have been infected by this potent and fast-spreading disease, which in many cases has paralysed economies and normal daily activities. University students are among the people that have been badly affected by the pandemic, as the movement control order (MCO) has resulted in university closure. Hence, many students are unable to proceed with their regular studies and have to be extra vigilant in dealing with the pandemic. During the MCO period, they rely heavily on media for guidance and information. This study was conducted to examine media exposure, attitude, anxiety, and practices towards COVID-19 amongst the students of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Perak, Malaysia. A quantitative research design was used to achieve the research objective. A total of 505 respondents answered an online survey and the findings revealed that respondents were highly dependent on various media for updated information about the pandemic, with the majority of them anxious about their safety. These findings are useful for higher education institutions in developing a better learning environment for students and understand the impact of the pandemic on students.
A retrospective analysis on incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Kota Kinabalu, district of Sabah Malaysia
Authors: Chin Su Na , Lem Fui Fui , Toh Jie Yi , Chee Fong Tyng , Yew Chee Wei , Saptu Ammar Rafidah , Sampil Nionella Stephen , Mathew Mervin George P. , Sharip Julaidah
Published: May 2022

Malaysia is one of the most affected countries by hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreak. Sabah, as a state of Malaysia, has an incidence of 2,200 HFMD cases in 2018. Kota Kinabalu hits the highest records of HFMD cases compared to other districts. Given the marked increase in HFMD cases, HFMD become a public health concern which is associated with a substantial economic and social burden. From the perspective of public health, it is important to study the disease patterns and associated risk factors. This paper describes the incidence of HFMD and potential demographic risk factors in this understudied Kota Kinabalu District. A total of 3,327 HFMD cases from year 2013 to 2018 were obtained from the Kota Kinabalu Health Office. Cases were classified according to year of incidence, patient’s gender, age, and ethnic. Incidence of HFMD and percentage of severe HFMD were calculated for each category. Odd ratio of severe HFMD for each category was assessed with logistic regression model. Chi-square tests were implemented to identify the association between the case characteristics and severe HFMD. This study found that male and Sabah indigenous group are predominant in HFMD incidence. Chi-square test indicated that severe HFMD is significantly associated with patient’s age and ethnicity.
Hypertension, diabetes and cognitive impairment among elderly
Authors: Erlianti Chintya Putri , Trihandini Indang
Published: May 2022

Though the most commonly known risk factor of cognitive impairment is advancing age, hypertension and diabetes are often associated with the acceleration of cognitive decline. This study aimed to identify the relationship of these conditions with cognitive impairment among Indonesian elderly. This study was conducted cross-sectionally using data from the fifth wave of Indonesia family life survey (IFLS5). Cognitive impairment was measured through the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status instrument in IFLS5. Hypertension, diabetes, and control variables were obtained from the answers given by the survey respondents. The final model of the multivariate analysis revealed an interaction between chronic diseases and physical activity in affecting the risk of cognitive impairment. The odds of cognitive impairment in physically less active pre-elderly and elderly with only hypertension and only diabetes, compared to those with no history of illness, are 1.14 (95% CI=0.88–1.48) and 2.55 (95% CI=1.04–6.26) respectively. These results suggested that increasing physical activity can help to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in elderly, as well as pre-elderly, with hypertension, diabetes, or both conditions. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship.
A review of health security and vaccine diplomacy during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Moorthy Ravichandran , Naidu Lakshmy
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raises several public health concerns that impact various aspects of people's lives. The severity and spread of infection are extremely rapid, spreading out of control globally. Aside from illness and death, it presents a slew of long-term health concerns among the population. Therefore, the pandemic has manifested into a major health security issue, impacting the population globally. Health securitization refers to recognizing the presence of an existential health threat, and authorities can devote resources to manage the risks. Although vaccinations are required for long-term management of this disease, the vaccination procedure is often plagued by access, efficacy, and vaccine prioritization issues. By employing an interpretative social science approach, the article argues that the COVID-19 pandemic needs to be securitized at the state and international levels, and vaccines as public-good should be accessible to everyone without discrimination or prioritization and diplomatic interests. The study found, firstly, that many countries have adopted health securitization and coordinated efforts by international agencies. Secondly, vaccine hoarding by richer countries has created a disparity in the rate and coverage of vaccination in other regions. Thirdly, vaccine donation by richer countries is only a temporary solution. A robust vaccine allocation mechanism is needed for more comprehensive and equitable vaccination coverage.
Mattering, social support, resilience and sense of empowerment during the pandemic
Authors: Nga Grace Jee Ern , Kurian Daryl , Prihadi Kususanto Ditto , Aziz Abdul
Published: May 2022

The sense of empowerment had always been reported as contingent upon resilience, the sense of financial security, and perceived social support (PSS). In the context of the Malaysian urban population, the outbreak shifted social dynamics through the enforcement of movement control order (MCO), a partial-to-full lockdown policy enforced by the government to curb the virus. Studies in the local context suggested that the implementation of MCO led to a sense of uncertainty towards social support and financial security among the population, as well as the decline of resilience and the sense of mattering. This sparked a question, whether the significance of PSS, resilience, mattering, and income levels are still significant in predicting the sense of empowerment among our population. Through open social media pages, 405 adults between 18 and 62 years of age (M=25.44) living in urban areas of Malaysia to respond to the scales of empowerment, resilience, PSS, and mattering with some financial compensation in the form of e-wallet credits. Our findings suggested that PSS was no longer a significant predictor of empowerment after controlling for resilience, mattering, and income, which was opposed to other predictors in the equation that were still significant even after controlling for each other. Further relationships among the variables, implications and suggestions are discussed.
Development of an Arduino-based photobioreactor to investigate algae growth rate and CO2 removal efficiency
Authors: Alarde Hans Paolo S. , Bartolabac Kiara Jenvy C. , Acut Dharel P. , Cane Jas Felicisimo A. , Magsayo Joy R.
Published: May 2022

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are rising, and microalgae have been a primary focus for alleviating the negative impacts of increasing CO2 levels. CO2 sequestration is influenced by pH level, temperature, light, nutrient levels, and aeration. This study adapted a 2-chamber system with a 6-Liter vertical-column photobioreactor. It was constructed to remove CO2 from the air using microalgae. Arduino sensors, namely temperature, pH, and CO2 gas, were incorporated to monitor microalgal growth. Two 7-day trials, with an initial algae mass of 15 g, were implemented to investigate the growth and CO2 removal rates. The results showed that trial 1 yielded 21.5 g with a growth rate of 0.56 gxin-2 x day-1, and trial 2, a final sample of 19.7 g with a growth rate of 0.51 gxin-2 x day-1. The CO2 removal rate for trial 1 increased from 10.17% to 22.04%. However, the CO2 removal rate for trial 2 decreased from 15.66% to 3.55%. In terms of relative percent error, the Arduino sensors' accuracy was also determined to be low, ranging from 0.85 to 1.94. With accurate readings, the findings show that the CO2 removal efficiency rate and algae growth rate are directly proportional to each other.
O campo do “centro”, na “periferia” da Antropologia
Authors: Leirner Piero C.
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem como ideia inicial indagar porque o chamado “centro” da nossa sociedade ocupa um lugar periférico na antropologia. Observando certas correlações e deslocamentos de “áreas etnográficas” da antropologia para análise dos campos de preferência da disciplina, procura-se explorar os efeitos que noções de “centro” e “periferia” têm numa abordagem antropológica do estado. Nesse trajeto, procuraremos entender como conceitos atrelados às noções acima se comportariam em “contextos deslocados” de seu viés tradicional, por exemplo, tomando o “político” como “domesticação”.
Fetichismo religioso, fetichismo da mercadoria, fetichismo sexual: transposições e conexões
Authors: Pires Rogério Brittes W.
Published: May 2022

Os conceitos de fetichismo sexual e fetichismo da mercadoria são tortuosas transformações de um conceito anterior: fetichismo religioso. Este artigo foca tal transposição conceitual, tentando entender qual seu impacto sobre o conceito anterior. Busca também traçar conexões entre os fetichismos e examinar usos variados da(s) ideia(s) de fetiche no século xx. Daremos importância à continuidade entre a denúncia iluminista da “ilusão religiosa” e certa postura crítica das ciências humanas modernas. Por fim, notaremos tentativas teóricas de unir os fetichismos, seja através de análises das características comuns aos diversos objetos já taxados de “fetiches”; seja através da proposta de um fetichismo geral, sem qualificadores, que una as versões religiosa, sexual e capitalista sobre uma mesma rubrica.
Limites e ambiguidades da vicinalidade num bairro de Salvador
Authors: Márquez Raúl
Published: May 2022

Em Palmeiral, um bairro de autoconstrução na periferia de Salvador da Bahia, a aquisição e conservação de moradia dependem do desempenho social, da capacidade de ocupar uma posição respeitável e de integrar-se numa vicinalidade (uma rede de famílias/casas que formam um âmbito de inter-relação e troca de favores). Porém, manter essa posição pode ser complicado. A funcionalidade dessas redes é limitada, gerando frequentemente tensões e conflitos. Por um lado, através do exame de situações quotidianas e casos que têm a ver com a propriedade, este artigo aborda o caráter ambíguo das dinâmicas de vicinalidade. Quais os benefícios e as cargas que suportam os que se integram nelas? Qual o alcance da reciprocidade que desenvolvem? Por outro lado, o artigo critica a visão simplificada que alguns documentos oferecem dessas formas de reciprocidade, visões que ignoram seu caráter complexo e ambivalente.
O tênue equilíbrio no movimento: a vicinalidade na migração transnacional
Authors: Frangella Simone
Published: May 2022

Este artigo trata das implicações que a mobilidade transnacional tem para as formas de habitar o mundo. A partir da análise das experiências migrantes de goianos que se deslocam para Portugal, exploro como as relações de vicinalidade e de coabitação constroem-se em função da dimensão temporal e espacial deste trânsito. A vicinalidade, entendida como agrupamentos de entreajuda que envolvem distintas relações sociais e formas de solidariedade e conflito, promove uma reelaboração das relações de mutualidade dos migrantes em circulação. Através dela que se garante o sucesso ou o fracasso deste deslocamento, na chegada e na adaptação no local destinado, e na manutenção dos laços que deixaram. As tramas da vicinalidade estão sujeitas a imprecisões, turbulências emocionais, falhas práticas, negociações, reconfigurando tanto as interações familiares e de amizade quando a própria noção de coabitar. Desta perspectiva, explorar o conceito de vicinalidade parece ser bastante produtivo para pensar esta mobilidade migratória.
A centralidade do sexo nas estratégias recentes de promoção da saúde do homem no Brasil
Authors: Rohden Fabíola
Published: May 2022

O artigo aborda a trajetória do Movimento pela Saúde Masculina, campanha voltada para a orientação da população masculina realizada no ano de 2010. O movimento, promovido pela Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia, centrava sua ação em torno da disfunção erétil, doenças da próstata e andropausa. A análise privilegia os registros do site da campanha que contavam com depoimentos dos profissionais de saúde e dos participantes e seus familiares. Tem como ponto de partida o referencial teórico associado aos estudos sociais da ciência, em especial a noção de “rede” e as distinções relativas a gênero e sexualidade. Problematiza a associação direta entre sexo e saúde do homem, a partir de um foco privilegiado na disfunção erétil.
Poder, história e coetaneidade: os lugares do colonialismo na antropologia sobre a África
Authors: Reinhardt Bruno
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo toma como base a tese clássica de Johannes Fabian sobre a política do tempo na representação antropológica tendo em vista revisar criticamente a carreira da coetaneidade na produção antropológica sobre a África. Ele parte da antropologia feita sob o colonialismo, com foco no estrutural-funcionalismo britânico, e chega à antropologia do colonialismo que desponta nos anos 90, passando pela forte disjunção temporal imposta à disciplina pelas independências africanas, que começam a florescer no final dos anos 50. Observa-se nessa trajetória um amadurecimento teórico acerca do impacto formativo duradouro do poder colonial nas sociedades africanas. Como conclusão, problematizo a prescrição de Fabian de “um encontro real com o tempo do outro” ao recorrer a debates contemporâneos sobre a condição pós-colonial em África. Destaco assim a natureza ambígua e elusiva da temporalidade subalterna e defendo a necessidade de uma abordagem mais etnograficamente atenta às vicissitudes da temporalização periférica.
Políticas públicas e Covid-19: a experiência brasileira
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Valentin Agnaldo , Mountian André Gal ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Vaz José Carlos ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Peres Ursula Dias ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Urquidi Vivian Grace Fernández-Dávilla ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades
Published: May 2022

A pandemia da Covid-19 atingiu o Brasil em um momento de fragilidade econômica e social e exigiu respostas emergenciais em termos de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas, bem como de coordenação federativa. Nesse sentido, é de grande relevância compreender as políticas formuladas e implementadas no Brasil, em uma crise sanitária sem precedentes, bem como seus condicionantes políticos e seus impactos orçamentários e sociais. Os organizadores esperam que a obra auxilie na compreensão de um momento tão desafiador para políticos, gestores, acadêmicos, trabalhadores e sociedade em geral, na contribuição para a reflexão e desenvolvimento de ações que sejam efetivas na redução das enormes desigualdades sociais e econômicas brasileiras, agravadas pela pandemia de Covid-19. O livro é composto por oito capítulos alinhavados por uma ideia central: a reflexão crítica sobre a resposta do poder público brasileiro à pandemia de Covid-19. Em resumo, os textos que compõem esta obra oferecem ao público leitor uma visão crítica e multifacetada, escrita em plena conjuntura, sobre diferentes dimensões da resposta que o Brasil conseguiu oferecer a uma crise de enorme gravidade, que atropelou todos os esquemas interpretativos dos mais tradicionais modelos de análise das políticas públicas.
First report of the genus Thirumalaia Zettel & Laciny, 2021 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with the description of a new species
Authors: MATSUSHIMA RYOSUKE
Published: May 2022

The genus Thirumalaia Zettel & Laciny, 2021 (Veliidae: Microveliinae) was recently established with one Indian species. Here, a new species, T. kaara sp. nov., from Ishigaki-jima Island and Iriomote-jima Island, Ryukyu, Japan is described. Additionally, the distribution of the genus is updated and laboratory rearing information of the immature stages of T. kaara sp. nov. are provided.
Ultra rapid biosensors for detecting carcinoma biomarkers
Authors: Ahlawat Sweeti , Singh Krishna Pal , Nehra Anuj , Arif Mohommad , Pandey Veena
Published: May 2022

Preliminary screening and successful therapy are the two biggest challenges in the battle against cancer prognosis and diagnosis. This life-threatening disease can be profoundly imagined and identified based on the tracing of widely eliciting/expressing protein biomarkers in the biological
fluids of an individual. These protein biomarker may fall into broad categories based on the types of tissues or organs being involved and are commonly known as onco-biomarkers or tumor markers. Indicators of cancer are routinely detected using a myriad of developing bio-sensing tools for
point of care diagnostics that have really been proven to be an effective solution for early-stage cancer. Modern and advanced approaches offer great advantages over the use of traditional assessment therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and combinations, of all but display
several noticeable drawbacks in that they are time-consuming, hard to use, skilled labour-intensive, costly, less efficient, less sensitive, require more analysis time, and are often not up to the mark. Recently, various bio-sensing approaches have drawn special attention toward on-site screening
and real-time detection of critical protein biomarkers. This review provides an insightful overview of current advances made in sensing techniques used for detecting biomarkers for various types of carcinomas. Various sensing methodologies and tools used for the detection of each biomarker
have been thoroughly reviewed. Every one of these processes indicates that multifaceted innovation-based tumor diagnostics are becoming an indisputable substitute for conventional strategies.
Function of calcium-rich hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Min , Lin Yang , Wang Hao , Wang Dejia
Published: May 2022

Out study was aimed to assess the function of calcium-rich hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in osteoporosis. The structure of calciumrich hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was tested with Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) and cell proliferation was detected with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The activity of Caspase3 was detected with ELISA and content of alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteopontin (OPN) and Runx2 was tested with Western Blot assay. The
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation was prompted by calcium-rich hydroxyapatite. Results showed that the activity of ALP was increased, while activity of Caspase3 was reduced. The expression levels of OPN and Runx2 were increased while expression of Bone morphogenetic
protein 2 (BMP-2) osteogenesis marker was increased. Moreover, the BMSCs could be differentiated effectively onto osteogenic direction, and proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was prompted effectively by calcium-rich hydroxyapatite. These findings could probably provide a
brand-new scheme for clinical treatment of OP.
Current role and future perspectives of chemometrics in spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis of traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Dai Linghao , Guan Yang , Wang Bo , Wang Linyan
Published: May 2022

Recently, Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), having a rich history in China for their use in maintaining health and treating disease, have gained popularity worldwide. However, their modernization and globalization are impeded due to their “multi-component, multi-pathway, and
multi-target” properties. Chemometrics, a comprehensive product of statistics, computers, and information, is an interfacial discipline that extracts practical information from large chemical and biochemical datasets, beneficial to overcome TCMs restrictions. This review summarized key
research findings on the basis and application of TCMs according to their components, authenticity, processing conditions, geographical origin, pharmacological activity, and metabolomics based on recent studies. Here, we discussed the benefits and shortcomings of cluster analysis, principal
component analysis, soft independent modeling of class analogy, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, data fusion and calibration, and the appropriate application of these methods in different fields of TCMs. This review aimed to provide
a basic understanding of the role and perspectives of chemometrics in the spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis of TCMs.
Mechanism of poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer nanoparticles in enhancing cytotoxicity against occurrence and development of lung cancer metastasis
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Yiting , Sun Xiaodong , Kang Ting
Published: May 2022

Poly lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) plays a critical role in inducing tumor cells apoptosis. However, the solubility of the compound itself puts a limit on its use value in treatment of tumor. In this study, we used PLGA combined with nanoparticles as a strategy for metastatic
tumor of lung cancer. We evaluated the biological effect of PLGA nanoparticles on enhancing cytotoxicity and its anti-tumor effect against metastasis tumor of lung cancer. Confocal microscope was used to detect the transfection efficiency of tumor cells. PLGA and PLGA-cored nanoparticles (PLGA
AC-NPs) were used to interfere with proliferation and apoptosis of metastatic tumor cell line from lung cancer and flow cytometry was used to explore its effect. Furthermore, PLGA and PLGA AC-NPs were injected into the chest of lung cancer mice for treatment. Cell proliferation and apoptosis
were detected through measurement of tumor volume, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Westernblot protein analysis. It was found that, PLGA AC-NPs significantly enhanced cell uptake while PLGA ACNPs regulated tumor by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. It was also observed
in vivo transplanted tumor model that the growth of metastatic tumor of lung cancer was inhibited significantly by NGO-PEG-PEI/Cer, while proliferation and accelerated apoptosis were also slowed down. PLGA AC-NPs can inhibit tumor growth by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting further
proliferation of tumor cells.
Curcumin regulates glial cell polarization through TLR4/NF-κB pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Ding Ling , Chen Yu , Lin Qiaojing , Zhang Guozhen , Gu Longdian
Published: May 2022

This study assessed the effect of curcumin on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to provide a theoretical basis for treatment of ICH. C57BL/6 male mice were used to construct cerebral hemorrhage injury model, and sham operation and treatment groups were set up. Different groups of mice
were treated with curcumin, and inflammation cytokines were tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tunel staining and Nissl staining measured cell apoptosis in brain tissue. The effect of curcumin on polarization of glial cells was studied by immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry
and Western blotting analyzed the potential mechanism for curcumin’s effect on ICH. Our results showed that the curcumin effectively inhibited inflammatory response and reduced microglia cell apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage model. Additionally, curcumin transformed the M1 into
M2 cells in the brain of cerebral hemorrhage model mice, thus improving the neurological damage. Additionally, curcumin exerts anti-inflammatory role in cerebral hemorrhage which was related to toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (TLR4/NF-κB)
pathway. We found that curcumin reduced inflammatory response and brain tissue cell death in the ICH mouse model, mainly through TLR4/NF-κB pathway, to change glial cell polarization. The findings from this study will be helpful in promoting development and application of curcumin
and providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Impact of Venous Thromboembolism on Readmissions and Resource Use Following Emergency General Surgery
Authors: Dobaria BS Vishal , Hadaya Joseph , Ebrihiminan Shayan , Verma Arjun , Sanaiha Yas , Benharash Peyman
Published: May 2022

Background

Acute deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism collectively known as venous thromboembolism (VTE), are associated with increased risk of poor clinical sequelae during inpatient hospitalizations. We examined the association of VTE with mortality, readmissions, and costs among patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) operations using a national cohort.

Methods

Adult hospitalizations for EGS (laparotomy, small bowel resection, large bowel resection, appendectomy, lysis of adhesions, cholecystectomy, and repair of perforated ulcer) within two days of admission were identified in the 2016-18 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Hospitalizations were stratified based on diagnosis of VTE and others (n-VTE).

Results

Of an estimated 860,747 EGS patients 7,513, (.87%) developed VTE during the index hospitalization. Patients in the VTE group were on average older (65.5 ± 15.3 vs 54.8 ± 18.6 years, P < .001) and more commonly male (46.7 vs 39.3%, P < .001). Venous thromboembolism was independently associated with greater odds of mortality (AOR:1.7 95% CI 1.6-1.9), increased costs (+27,700 95% CI 23, 100-28,300) and greater odds of 30-day readmissions (AOR 1.3 95% CI 1.2-1.4).

Discussion

Despite national efforts to reduce its incidence, VTE affects nearly 1/100 EGS patients and is associated with increased odds of mortality as well as costs, and readmissions. Tailored approaches are warranted to reduce the impact of this pernicious complication.
Why Trauma Care is Not Expensive: Detailed Analysis of Actual Costs and Cost Differences of Patient Cohorts
Authors: Checchi Kyle D. , Goljan Christopher , Rooney Alexandra S. , Calvo Richard Y. , Benham Derek A. , Prieto James M. , Badiee Jayraan , Krzyzaniak Andrea , Sise Michael J. , Martin Matthew J. , Bansal Vishal
Published: May 2022

Background

Trauma patients are resource intensive, requiring a variety of medical and procedural interventions during hospitalization. These expenses often label trauma care as “high cost” based on gross hospital charges. We hypothesized that a financial metric built on actual costs and clinically relevant trauma patient cohorts would demonstrate a lower true cost of trauma care than the standardly reported gross hospital charges.

Methods

We examined all trauma patients (≥16 yr) treated in 2017 from a single institution and matched them to the institution’s detailed financial accounting data. The organization’s Financial Operations Division is uniquely able to allocate total operating costs across patient encounters to include medications, procedures, and salaries/fees from medical professionals and administrators. Patient subgroups were identified by Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) criteria for cost comparisons.

Results

Overall median cost per patient was $6,544 [IQR $4,975-14,532] for 2,548 patients. The median cost per patient increased with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ranging from $5,457(ISS ≤ 7) to $34,898(ISS ≥ 21), each accompanied by an average 548% increase in gross charges. Costs also varied widely from $13,498 [IQR $8,247–26,254] to $45,759 [IQR $22,186-113,993] across TQIP patient cohorts. Of the total cost, 91% was attributed to personnel alone.

Discussion

Measuring the true cost of trauma care is feasible. As hypothesized, the true cost of trauma care is lower than charges. True cost increased with injury severity with variable cost across subgroups. Non-physician staff and administration are the largest component of the cost of trauma care.
Stop the Bleed: A Prospective Evaluation and Comparison of Tourniquet Application in Security Personnel Versus Civilian Population
Authors: Petrone Patrizio , Baltazar Gerard , Jacquez Ricardo A. , Akerman Meredith , Brathwaite Collin E. M. , Joseph D’Andrea K.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Stop the Bleed (STB) is a national training program aiming to decrease the mortality associated with life-threatening bleeding due to injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and confidence level of security personnel placing a tourniquet (TQ) compared to civilians.

Methods

Pre and post questionnaires were shared with security personnel (Group 1) and civilians (Group 2). Both groups were assessed to determine comfort level with TQ placement. Time and success rate for placement was recorded pre- and post-STB training. A generalized linear mixed model or generalized estimating equations was used to compare pre and post measurements.

Results

There were 234 subjects enrolled. There was a statistically significant improvement between the pre- and post-training responses in both groups with respect to comfort level in placing a TQ. Participants also demonstrated increased familiarity with the anatomy and bleeding control after STB training. A higher successful TQ placement was obtained in both groups after STB training (Pre-training: Group 1 [17.4%], Group 2 [12.8%]; Post-training: Group 1 [94.8%], Group 2 [92.3%]). Both groups demonstrated improved time to TA placement with a longer mean time improvement achieved in Group 1. Although the time to TQ placement pre-and post-training was statistically significant, we found that the post-training times between Groups 1 and 2 were similar (P = .983).

Conclusions

Participants improved their confidence level with the use of hemorrhage control techniques and dramatically increased the rate and time to successful placement of a TQ. While civilians had the greatest increase in comfort level, the security personnel group saw the most significant reduction in the time to successful TQ placement. These findings highlight the critical role of STB in educating and empowering both civilians and security personnel in bleeding control techniques.
Deep Learning Applications in Surgery: Current Uses and Future Directions
Authors: Morris Miranda X. , Rajesh Aashish , Asaad Malke , Hassan Abbas , Saadoun Rakan , Butler Charles E.
Published: May 2022

Deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning that is rapidly gaining traction in surgical fields. Its tremendous capacity for powerful data-driven problem-solving has generated computational breakthroughs in many realms, with the fields of medicine and surgery becoming increasingly prominent avenues. Through its multi-layer architecture of interconnected neural networks, DL enables feature extraction and pattern recognition of highly complex and large-volume data. Across various surgical specialties, DL is being applied to optimize both preoperative planning and intraoperative performance in new and innovative ways. Surgeons are now able to integrate deep learning tools into their practice to improve patient safety and outcomes. Through this review, we explore the applications of deep learning in surgery and related subspecialties with an aim to shed light on the practical utilization of this technology in the present and near future.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Pancreatic Necrosectomy: Technique and Initial Outcomes
Authors: Eng Nina L. , Fitzgerald Caitlin A. , Fisher Jeremy G. , Small William C. , Willingham Field F. , Galloway John R. , Kooby David A. , Haack Carla I.
Published: May 2022

Background

Necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) may result de novo or following procedures such as ERCP or partial pancreatectomy (post-procedural), and may require surgical debridement. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD) is a standard approach for NP that employs a 5 cm incision with varying degrees of blind and open debridement. We describe our technique and outcomes of a modified VARD called laparoscopic-assisted pancreatic necrosectomy (LAPN) performed through a single 12 mm incision that uses direct laparoscopic visualization during debridement.

Methods

At one medical center, all LAPN patients (2012-2020) were assessed for demographics, disease factors, and outcomes. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with recovery after LAPN for patients with de novo vs post-procedural necrosum.

Results

Over 9 years, 60 patients underwent LAPN for NP. Median age was 57 years (IQR: 47-66) and 43 (69%) were men. Pancreas necrosum was de novo in 39 (63%) patients and post-procedural in 23 (37%). NP resolved with a median of 1 LAPN procedure and median hospitalization was 33 days. The LAPN major morbidity rate and in-hospital mortality rate were 47% and 5%. No significant differences were seen between NP etiology cohorts, although post-procedure NP patients trended towards a faster clinical recovery to baseline compared to de novo patients (193 vs 394 days; p-value = .07).

Conclusions

LAPN offers a smaller incision with excellent visualization and non-inferior outcomes, regardless of etiology, with likely faster recovery for patients with post-procedural vs de novo necrotizing pancreatitis.