bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurotypical, but not autistic, adults might experience distress when looking at someone avoiding eye contact: A live face-to-face paradigm
Authors: Clin Elise , Kissine Mikhail
Published: January 2023

Many autistics report being distressed by eye contact, but eye-tracking studies suggest that eye contact is associated with hypo-arousal rather than hyper-arousal in autism. Within a live face-to-face paradigm combining a wearable eye-tracker with electrodermal activity sensors, 80 adults (40 autistics) defined words in front of an experimenter either staring at their eyes (direct gaze condition) or looking elsewhere (averted gaze condition). Autistics did not differ from neurotypicals in their eye behaviours nor their skin conductance responses. Autistics did not appear distressed when they were looking at the experimenter’s eyes in the direct gaze condition. However, neurotypicals, compared to autistics, might experience more stress when looking at the experimenter in the averted gaze condition, even after controlling for social anxiety and alexithymia. In comparison to autistics, neurotypicals might be hyper-aroused when they look at someone avoiding eye contact. Based on a bidirectional perspective on interactional difficulties in autism, we speculate that the neurotypicals’ distress when their attempts to eye contact are not reciprocated could make their behaviour insistent, which, in turn, could make the autistics uncomfortable. In our study, participants’ partner remained passive, displaying no specific reaction when a mutual gaze was shared or not. Future studies should test different partner reactions to gaze in various social contexts.

Lay abstract

What is already known about the topic? Autistics are usually reported to share less eye contact than neurotypicals with their interlocutors. However, the reason why autistics might pay less attention to eyes looking at them is still unknown: some autistics express being hyper-aroused by this eye contact, while some eye-tracking studies suggest that eye contact is associated with hypo-arousal in autism. What this paper adds? This study is based on a highly controlled live face-to-face paradigm, combining a wearable eye-tracker (to study eye behaviours) with electrodermal activity sensors (to assess potential stress). We draw a nuanced picture of social attention in autism, as our autistic participants did not differ from our neurotypical group in their eye behaviours nor their skin conductance responses. However, we found that neurotypicals, compared to autistics, seemed to be much more distressed when their interlocutor did not gaze at them during the experiment. Implications for practice, research or policy: Our study encourages to consider social interaction difficulties in autism as a relational issue, instead as an individual deficit. This step might be first taken in research, by implementing paradigms sensitive to the experimenter’s role and attitude.
Exploring the challenges of and solutions to sharing personal genomic data for use in healthcare
Authors: Parvinen Lasse , Alamäki Ari , Hallikainen Heli , Mäki Marko
Published: January 2023

Boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the tightened General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) legislation within the European Union (EU), individuals have become increasingly concerned about privacy. This is also reflected in how willing individuals are to consent to sharing personal data, including their health data. To understand this behaviour better, this study focuses on willingness to consent in relation to genomic data. The study explores how the provision of educational information relates to willingness to consent, as well as differences in privacy concerns, information sensitivity and the perceived trade-off value between individuals willing versus unwilling to consent to sharing their genomic data. Of the respondents, 65% were initially willing to consent, but after educational information 89% were willing to consent and only 11% remained unwilling to consent. Educating individuals about potential health benefits can thus help to correct the beliefs that originally led to the unwillingness to share genomic data.
The bumpy paths of online sleuthing: Exploring the interactional accomplishment of familiarity, evidence, and authority in online crime discussions
Authors: Wästerfors David , Burcar Alm Veronika , Hannerz Erik
Published: January 2023

Much of today’s public discourse on crime cases take place on online platforms, as long chains of high-speed posts: speculations, analyses, and laments, as well as ironic, sarcastic, and derogatory comments. These give excellent (and yet risky) possibilities to engage in homemade investigation, with other posters as instant reviewers and audiences. In this article, we explore the interactional origin of case-related familiarity, evidence and authority in crime discussions on the Swedish platform Flashback. Through Internet data and interviews, we show how online sleuths interact digitally with one another so that familiarity with the case is performed, leads and evidence suggested, and investigative authority recognized. We argue that an interactionist and ethnographic approach is needed to uncover such recurring processes in online crime case discussions. The accomplishment of sleuthing is highly dependent on others’ shifting responses, and is, therefore, a “bumpy” path.
Tribological behavior of tribo-pairs in water hydraulic radial piston pumps
Authors: Li Ran , Wei Wenshu , Liu Hao , Geng Xiangyu , Wang Dalong , Ye Jian , Chen Rongming , Li Shoubin , Wang Wei , Wu Huigang , Gao Na
Published: January 2023

Friction and wear tests were performed on five Cu-based materials and three polyether ether ketone (PEEK)-based composites sliding against 17-4PH and 42CrMo4 coated with tungsten carbide-reinforced Ni-based coating. Two types of pin-on-disk specimens were used to represent the slipper/eccentric drive and piston/sleeve gap seal tribo-pairs in water hydraulic radial piston pumps. The experimental results showed that the QSn8-0.3 slipper material exhibited the highest steady-state friction coefficients for sliding against both 17-4PH (0.156) and coated-42CrMo4 (0.894). Glass fiber-reinforced PEEK exhibited the highest steady-state friction coefficients for sliding against the two specimens (0.540 and 0.420). The ZCuPb15Sn8/17-4PH showed the highest wear rate for the representative slipper/eccentric drive tribo-pair (26.86  ×  10−6 mm/Nm); glass fiber-reinforced PEEK/17-4PH showed the highest wear rate for the representative piston/sleeve gap seal tribo-pair (46.91  ×  10−6mm/Nm). The wear mechanisms of the two types of tribo-pairs were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analyses. Furthermore, the effects of hardness, pv values, coating, and reinforcement on the tribological behavior of the two types of tribo-pairs were analyzed.
Linking entrepreneurial passion and innovation under the dynamic influence of entrepreneurs’ age: The case of Vietnamese SMEs
Authors: Luu Ngoc
Published: January 2023

Drawing upon the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this research focuses on examining two mediating mechanisms linking entrepreneurial passion and firm-level innovation performance under the dynamic influence of entrepreneurs’ age. The study uses a survey with a sample of 186 entrepreneurs who were owners or founders of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The empirical study shows that entrepreneurial passion directly improves firms’ innovation performance, and indirectly via two mediators: entrepreneurial alertness and self-efficacy. Furthermore, the findings reveal that entrepreneurs’ age has a U-shaped moderating effect on the link between entrepreneurial passion and self-efficacy, and a positive moderating effect on the link between passion and alertness. This study is among the few to explore the impact of entrepreneurial passion as an entrepreneur-level emotion on a critical firm-level business outcome. Besides, it contributes to the innovation literature by examining the mediating mechanisms through which entrepreneurial passion turns into improvements in firm-level innovation performance. Finally, the research extends the entrepreneurship literature by confirming how these mediating mechanisms differ at different stages of an entrepreneur's lifecycle.
The nature of entrepreneurs’ engagement with a layered rural context
Authors: Jørgensen Eva J B , Mathisen Line
Published: January 2023

Rural entrepreneurship has recently been reconceptualised as engagement with contexts. However, our knowledge of the nature of this engagement remains limited. In this paper, we explore the engagement of entrepreneurs hired as part-time industry mentors at regional universities. Using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory and self-ethnography, we interviewed five entrepreneurs in adjunct positions and their academic counterparts at universities in Northern Norway. We also relied on our own experience as academics collaborating with industry mentors. Our findings demonstrate that the entrepreneurs’ engagement encompasses and combines the business, academic and spatial layers of the entrepreneurs’ context and that it unfolds in the form of knowledge-sharing practices. Our study makes several contributions. First, it contributes to the limited empirical research on rural entrepreneurship as engagement with context and gives a novel and detailed account of how this engagement unfolds in practice. Second, it contributes by adding new insight into how entrepreneurs relate to a layered rural context. In particular, we emphasise that the knowledge-sharing practices help in crossing boundaries between the layers. Third, our study offers some practical contributions for rural entrepreneurs, policymakers and actors in regional innovation systems and regional universities.
Knowledge for sale: The construction of desired knowledge and identities in edu-marketing
Authors: Serder Margareta
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to examine how a particular object for consumption, professional development for teachers and principals, is marketed to schools, and what propositions and understandings are embedded in such offers. Adopting a conceptualization of marketing as a “perpetual questioning machine,” the study deploys and develops a theoretical approach from marketing studies to a new context: edu-marketing. The study is guided by the assumption that marketing functions as projection screen for the products and services offered to schools, but, also as a social and cultural space where dreams and desires are performed and governed. As such, marketing to school is not exclusively about selling things; but about what to be or who to become. Besides the theoretical contribution, the study contributes with empirical knowledge about (1) what concerns and desires this marketing “questioning machine” mobilizes and circulates and (2) how objects for consumption are de/stabilized in the education market. Thereby, it demonstrates some of the intricate relations between the growing education market and the values that those who work in schools are invited to strive for. It is argued that consumption at the education market-place is a question of identity, and therefore of branding and possible success.
The genus Ralstonia: The new kid on the block
Authors: Rajni Ekadashi , Goel Pallaavi , Sarna Mukesh Kumar , Jorwal Ayushi , Sharma Chinkle , Rijhwani Puneet
Published: January 2023

The genus Ralstonia comprises of aerobic, gram-negative, oxidase positive, nonfermentative, largely environmental organisms. They are an emerging pathogen in the hospital setting and are increasingly associated with opportunistic infections and outbreaks. We hereby present a case series of six patients diagnosed with bacteraemia caused by Ralstonia spp. and a brief review of literature. These cases highlight that isolation of a nonfermenting gram-negative bacillus from blood culture of a patient admitted in critical care setting should not be ignored as mere contaminant. Clinicians and microbiologists need to work as a team to combat this novel bug.
Immunomodulatory Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Clinical Prospects
Authors: Khadela Avinash , Shah Yesha , Mistry Priya , Bodiwala Kunjan , CB Avinash
Published: January 2023

The immune system plays a significant role in the development, invasion, progression, and metastasis of head and neck cancer. Over the last decade, the emergence of immunotherapy has irreversibly altered the paradigm of cancer treatment. The current treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy which has failed to provide satisfactory clinical outcomes. To encounter this, there is a need for a novel or targeted therapy such as immunological targets along with conventional treatment strategy for optimal therapeutic outcomes. The immune system can contribute to promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and growth by exploiting the tumor's influence on the microenvironment. Immunological targets have been found effective in recent clinical studies and have shown promising results. This review outlines the important immunological targets and the medications acting on them that have already been explored, are currently under clinical trials and are further being targeted.
Comparison of Quality of Life Between Breast Cancer Patients Treated With and Without Adjunctive Traditional Chinese Medicine in Taiwan
Authors: Chu Yeong-Ruey , Kung Pei-Tseng , Liu Liang-Chih , Lin Chin-Yao , Ou-Yang Fu , Yue Chia-Herng , Su Shan-Yu , Chen Ying-Yu , Wang Wen-Ching , Kao Hui-Fen , Chou Wen-Yu , Tsai Wen-Chen
Published: January 2023

In Taiwan, breast cancer has the highest incidence among all cancers. Although adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine treatment (TCM) have been used to ameliorate the side effects or discomfort caused by cancer treatments, no study has focused on the assessment of the quality of life of patients undergoing adjunctive TCM treatments. This study compared the quality of life between breast cancer patients treated with and without adjunctive TCM. Questionnaires were collected from 7 hospitals with a Chinese medicine clinic in 2018 to 2019. Breast cancer patients who had cancer stages I, II, or III and also underwent resection surgery were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: patients receiving cancer treatments with adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM group) and those receiving cancer treatments without adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine (non-TCM group). A 1:1 matching was used to obtain the study participants. The EQ-5D questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test and ANOVA to compare the differences between variables. The conditional multiple regression model was applied to explore the factors associated with quality of life in breast cancer patients. A total of 543 participants were surveyed, and 450 participants were included in the study. The EQ-5D score of the TCM group (81.60 ± 11.67) was significantly higher than that of the non-TCM group (78.80 ± 13.10; P < .05). The results of a conditional multiple regression model showed that the TCM group had a higher (3.45 points) quality of life than non-TCM group ( P = .002) after adjusting for other related factors. After stratifying by cancer stage, patients with cancer stages II and III scored 5.58 and 4.35 points higher in the TCM group than did those in the non-TCM group ( P < .05). Breast cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment with adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine have a higher quality of life than those treated without adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine.
Channeling the Future of Pathogenicity Prediction for Genetic Variants in Epilepsy
Authors: Wagnon Jacy L.
Published: January 2023

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From the Subiculum to the Anterior Nuclei of the Thalamus: The Key to Hippocampal Seizure Generalization?
Authors: O’Neill Nathanael , Lignani Gabriele
Published: January 2023

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Too Much of a Good Thing? High-Dose Folic Acid in Pregnancy and Childhood Cancer
Authors: Gerard Elizabeth E.
Published: January 2023

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iDISCO Inferno: Mapping Connectivity Changes Following TBI
Authors: Lau Lauren A. , Lillis Kyle P.
Published: January 2023

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More Hormones, Less Spasms: IGF-1 as a Potential Therapy for Infantile Spasms
Authors: Dang Louis T.
Published: January 2023

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Who Dunnit? Angiotensin, Inflammation, or Complement: Unresolved
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc , Brewster Amy L.
Published: January 2023

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Et tu, CA2: CA2 Is Hyperexcitable and Controls Seizures in a Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Shuman Tristan
Published: January 2023

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Autologous Blood-Clot Embolisation of Iatrogenic Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm Caused by Arterial Sheath Placement; A Case Report
Authors: Tayebi Pouya , Mahmoudlou Fatemeh , Ershad Negin
Published: January 2023

Iatrogenic Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm (FAP) is a common complication that occurs in diagnostic and therapeutic catheterization procedures and can cause morbidity and even mortality in patients. Aneurysm larger than 2 cm, symptomatic or complicated should be treated. Here we report a 59-year-old man with post-catheterization FAP following femoral artery angiography, treated successfully by direct transcatheter autologous blood clot embolisation. To the best of our knowledge, our case report is the first to demonstrate that FAP can be successfully treated endovascularly by autologous blood clot embolisation.
A Report of Penile Mondor’s Disease After Mechanochemical Ablation and Adjunct Foam Sclerotherapy of Bilateral Lower Extremity Truncal Incompetence
Authors: Foley Megan Power , Westby Daniel , Walsh Stewart R
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Mondor’s disease of the penis, or superficial thrombophlebitis affecting penile veins, is a rare condition. Common causes include prothombotic states, venous stasis or excessive manipulation. The literature includes one case report of Mondor’s Disease after endovenous laser ablation and foam sclerotherapy and a case series after open saphenofemoral junction ligation. However, there have been no noted cases of this rare complication after mechanochemical ablation of the GSV.

Case Details

A 50-year-old man with bilateral great saphenous venous incompetence had truncal mechanochemical ablation of both above-knee GSV segments with the ClariveinTM device with adjunctive 1% Fibrovein foam to varicose tributaries. Day three post-operatively he began experiencing suprapubic pain and noted tender “cord-like” veins along the penile shaft. Duplex investigation of the penis demonstrated occlusive thrombus in the superficial veins draining into the dorsal vein of the penis. The patient was treated with 75 mg oral Clopidogrel for four weeks and his symptoms resolved without functional impairment.

Conclusions

Vascular surgeons should be aware that this rare albeit self-limiting thrombotic complication can occur after endovenous mechanochemical ablation of the great saphenous vein with adjunct foam sclerotherapy, particularly as this procedure is performed very frequently. Interestingly, the majority of reported cases have occurred after bilateral interventions. The patients can be reassured that their symptoms will likely settle and the use of anti-thrombotic therapy is largely at the surgeon’s discretion.
Gender Differences in Iliofemoral Vein Stenting for Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Dionne Elyssa , Bai Halbert , Collins Lucas , Cho Logan D , Gonzalez Christopher , Vasan Vikram , Cooke Peter V , Kim Jinseo , Kang Yeju , Tadros Rami O , Ting Windsor
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Little is known about gender’s role in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender on outcomes of iliac vein stenting(IVS) for CVI.

Methods

866 patients who underwent vein stenting for CVI at one institution from August 2011 to June 2021 were analyzed via retrospective review. Patients were followed up to 5 years after initial stent placement. Presenting symptoms were quantified using Venous Clinical Severity Score(VCSS), Clinical Assessment Score(CAS), and Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology (CEAP) class. Reoperations after initial IVS were recorded. Major reoperations were defined as iliac interventions using venography. Minor reoperations were defined as thermal ablation. Multivariate logistic regression models were used determine odds of any and major reintervention.

Results

Compared to females, males pre-operatively presented with a higher mean CEAP class (3.6 vs .3.3; P < .001), VCSS composite (11.3 vs .9.9; P < .001), and smoking history (134 vs .49; P < .001). The 2 groups were similar in age ( P = .125), BMI( P = .898), previous DVT ( P = .085), diabetes ( P = .386), hypertension ( P = 1.0), and CAD ( P = .499). Multivariate analyses revealed no association between gender and any reintervention (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, .71-1.46; P = .935) or gender and major reintervention (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, .86-2.23 P = .177). There were no differences in number of stents placed ( P = .736) or symptomatic improvement at 1 month ( P = .951), 3 months ( P = .233), 6 months( P = .068), and greater than 1 year ( P = .287). At the 1 year follow-up, the male cohort had higher CAS values than females P = .034). Males had larger reduction in composite VCSS than women at 1 year (5.1 vs. 3.8; P = .003) and 3 years (5.3 vs .3.7; P = .031) of follow-up and similar levels of improvement in post-op (4.0 vs .3.5; P = .059), 2 years (4.3 vs .3.8; P = .295), 4-years (5.1 vs .4.6; P = .529), 5 years (5.6 vs .4.2; P = .174), and 6 years (5.93vs.3.3 P = .089).

Conclusions

In a single site study of IVS in patients with CVI, males tended to present worse symptoms than females. After surgery, however, both cohorts showed improvement, and both seemed to improve to the same degree of residual symptoms.
“I’m trying to help”: How do mentors affect principals' person–organization fit during organizational socialization?
Authors: Eyal Ori , Wahrman Hillel , Vexler Yonatan Asher , Schifter Rotem
Published: January 2023

Addressing early career school leader attrition and turnover, education systems assign mentors to ease novice principals’ socialization, but results are varied and many mechanisms of this variance are still unexplained. To fill gaps in the literature, different mentor profiles were typified. Fifty-six mentor and mentee interviews were thematically analyzed and socialization outcomes were appraised by comparing increase in person–organization compatibility or congruence. Literature alluded to leadership in education systems as fraught with conflicting loyalties and, accordingly, this study found organization-loyal mentors who tried to promote conformity, person-loyal mentors who tried to prioritize mentee needs, and balanced mentors who achieved skill development and emotional support by being active listeners, prioritizing confidentiality, and guiding reflective contemplation. Socialization tactics, fit, and self-determination theories were linked to explain the different mentors’ effects, recommend improvements, and reflect back on the theories themselves. In the context of mentoring principals in Israel, it is implied that needs–supplies fit and demands–abilities fit must both be effected for supplementary fit to increase. It is also implied that radically institutionalized or individualized tactics were ineffective, as only the balanced mentors seemed able to foster principals who can become more autonomous and motivated to persevere and succeed in their work.
Pregnancy, childbirth and neonatal outcomes of women with rare inherited coagulation disorders
Authors: McCann Lucy Jane , Scullion Erin , Doy Lauren , Ciantar Etienne
Published: January 2023

Background

We aimed to describe the characteristics and the pregnancy outcomes of women with rare inherited coagulation factor disorders managed at a tertiary obstetric-haematology unit in the United Kingdom.

Methods

A retrospective service evaluation was conducted using routinely collected medical records. Descriptive analyses were applied to investigate pregnancy, childbirth and neonatal management and outcomes.

Results

Overall, 20 patients with rare inherited coagulation disorders were included who birthed 30 live infants from 29 pregnancies. Regarding maternal bleeding outcomes, 3% experienced antepartum haemorrhage, 38% of pregnancies experienced primary post-partum haemorrhage, and none experienced secondary post-partum haemorrhage. Five (17%) neonates had cranial ultrasound scans for imaging to investigate for a neonatal haemorrhage, which were all normal.

Conclusions

Although women with rare inherited coagulation disorders may be more susceptible to complications in pregnancy, within this cohort there was no evidence that the condition led to increased morbidity or mortality when best practices were observed.
A systematic review of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: Tawati Dalal A , Chan Wee-Shian
Published: January 2023

Background

The association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and severe preeclampsia/eclampsia has been established but the frequency is uncertain.

Objectives

To determine the frequency of PRES in severe preeclampsia or eclampsia.

Methods

We searched published articles in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and CINAHL from 1990 to 2020. We included articles that reported on six or more cases of PRES with eclampsia or severe preeclampsia who underwent neuroimaging during pregnancy or up to 6 weeks postpartum.

Results

We identified 29 studies presenting data on 1519 women with eclampsia or severe preeclampsia. Among 342 women with eclampsia who had neuroimaging, 176 (51.4%) were diagnosed with PRES. Of 121 women with severe preeclampsia, 24 (19.8%) had PRES. The pooled maternal death rate was 5.3% (21/395).

Conclusion

PRES is commonly reported on neuroimaging of women with eclampsia/ severe preeclampsia. The role of neuroimaging in eclampsia and especially in women with severe preeclampsia requires re-evaluation as further management is often dictated by this finding.
‘I felt paralysed to ask for help for myself’: domestic abuse experienced by healthcare professionals
Authors: Gregory Alison , Howell Annie , Johnson Medina , Potter Lucy C , Dheensa Sandi
Published: January 2023

Domestic abuse is widespread and disproportionately affects women. However, it can affect anybody, regardless of gender, sexuality and socioeconomic status. This includes healthcare professionals, who are often tasked with the responsibility to identify and respond to domestic abuse among their patients. Recent research suggests that healthcare professionals may be more likely to experience domestic abuse than people in the general population: this research also indicates that healthcare staff members are less able to seek support.
A critical analysis of digital phenotyping and the neuro-digital complex in psychiatry
Authors: De La Fabián Rodrigo , Jiménez-Molina Álvaro , Pizarro Obaid Francisco
Published: January 2023

This article critically examines the emergence and uses of digital phenotyping in contemporary psychiatry. From an analysis of its discourses and practices, we show that digital phenotyping diffusion is directly related to its promise to solve some of the major impasses of the so-called "neuro-turn" in contemporary psychiatry. However, more than a new tool to address old objects of pre-digital psychiatry, we consider digital phenotyping as participating from a new onto-epistemological matrix, the “neuro-digital complex,” which entails the redefinition of psychiatric objects (e.g., brain and mind), diagnostic categories and procedures, subjectivities (e.g., users of mental health apps), and the emergence of a new regime of truth which promises to reveal the neuropsychological core at the individual scale. Despite this techno-utopia, digital phenotyping does not produce neutral mirrors for self-knowledge. We show that it resorts to population statistics, grounded truth data sets built with pre-digital neuropsychological assumptions, and human categorization processes. Nevertheless, we propose not to approach this gap as a misleading ideological fact but to emphasize its productive possibilities. From this perspective, the gap becomes the measure between whom we think we are and who we really are, working as a guide to conduct our lives in neuropsychological terms. Thus, we conclude that, rather than providing personalized diagnoses and treatments, digital phenotyping produces individualized pathways to normalization and neuropsychologization.
Predictors of patients’ acceptance of video consultation in general practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic applying the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model
Authors: Esber André , Teufel Martin , Jahre Lisa , in der Schmitten Jürgen , Skoda Eva-Maria , Bäuerle Alexander
Published: January 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to an increase in remote consultations in health care. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of video consultation as an alternative to face-to-face in-office visits in general practice (GP) and to investigate its drivers and barriers.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Germany during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic from December 2020 to April 2021. Participants were recruited among patients in 16 GP surgeries. Assessed were sociodemographic and medical data as well as information and communications technology related data. Acceptance of video consultation and its predictors were determined using a modified questionnaire based on a short version of the renowned unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model.

Results

In total, 371 participants were included in the data analysis. Acceptance of video consultation was moderate. A hierarchical regression revealed acceptance was significantly predicted by the PHQ-2, taking no regular medication, computer proficiency, knowledge about digital health care solutions, no prior use of video consultation, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology predictors performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence. The extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model explained significantly more variance than the restricted unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model in acceptance of video consultation.

Conclusions

In this study computer proficiency, existing knowledge about digital health care solutions and depressive symptoms functioned as drivers to acceptance, no prior use of video consultation could be identified as a potential barrier. Patients with regular medication have been particularly receptive to video consultation. The study confirmed the validity of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model in determining acceptance of video consultation. Considering that there is growing demand and acceptance for different approaches to engage with health care providers, additional steps should be taken to establish video consultation as a genuine alternative.
Smartphone apps for mental health and wellbeing: A usage survey and machine learning analysis of psychological and behavioral predictors
Authors: Vera Cruz Germano , Aboujaoude Elias , Khan Riaz , Rochat Lucien , Ben Brahim Farah , Courtois Robert , Khazaal Yasser
Published: January 2023

Objective

Despite the availability of thousands of mental health applications, the extent to which they are used and the factors associated with their use remain largely unknown. The present study aims to (a) assess in a representative US-based population sample the use of smartphone apps for mental health and wellbeing (SAMHW), (b) determine the variables predicting the use of SAMHW, and (c) explore how a set of variables related to mental health, smartphone use, and smartphone “addiction” may be associated with the use of SAMHW.

Methods

Data was collected via online questionnaire from 1989 adults. The data gathered included information on smartphone use behavior, mental health, and the use of SAMHW. Latent class analysis was used to categorize participants. Machine learning and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the most important predictors of SAMHW use and associations between predictors and outcome variables.

Results

While two-thirds of participants had a statistically high probability for using SAMHW, nearly twice more had high probability for using them to improve wellbeing compared to using them to address mental health problems (43% vs. 18%). In both groups, these participants were more likely to be female and in the younger adult age bracket than male and in the adult or older adult age bracket. According to the machine learning model, the most important predictors for using the relevant smartphone apps were variables associated with smartphone problematic use, COVID-19 impact, and mental health problems.

Conclusion

Findings from the present study confirm that the use of SAMHW is growing, particularly among younger adult and female individuals who are negatively impacted by problematic smartphone use, COVID-19, and mental health problems. These individuals tend to bypass traditional care via psychotherapy or psychopharmacology, relying instead on smartphones to address mental health conditions or improve wellbeing. Advising users of these apps to also seek professional help and promoting efforts to prove the efficacy and safety of SAMHW would seem necessary.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment during pregnancy and the post-partum period in women with multiple sclerosis: A prospective analysis
Authors: Menascu Shay , Siegel-Kirshenbaum Michal , Dreyer-Alster Sapir , Warszawer Yehuda , Magalashvili David , Dolev Mark , Mandel Mathilda , Harari Gil , Achiron Anat
Published: January 2023

Background

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) affects predominantly young women within reproductive years. As an increased risk of relapses is known to occur during the post-partum period, it is important to consider treatment options.

Aim

Evaluate the effects of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) to prevent post-partum relapses.

Methods

We prospectively followed 198 pregnant female RRMS patients, 67 treated with IVIg during pregnancy and the three months post-partum, and 131 untreated patients that served as controls.

Results

During the pre-gestation year, 41.4% were treated with immunomodulatory drugs, and 28.3% experienced a relapse. During pregnancy and the post-partum period, the number of relapsing patients significantly decreased in the IVIg group (37.3%, 10.4%, 8.9%, respectively, p = 0.0003), while no significant change was observed in the untreated group (23.7%, 17.6%, and 22.1%). During the three-month post-partum period, there were only mild and moderate relapses in the IVIg group, while in the untreated group, there were also severe relapses. Stepwise logistic regression that assessed the relation between three-month post-partum relapse and explanatory variables demonstrated that untreated patients had increased risk for post-partum relapse (odds ratio = 4.6, 95% CI [1.69, 12.78], p = 0.033).

Conclusions

IVIg treatment proved efficient to reduce the rate and severity of relapses during pregnancy and the three-month post-partum.
Why Bystanders (Don’t) Post About Violence: Contextualizing Individual Versus Socialized Rationales of Observers’ Publication Intentions
Authors: Bayerl Petra Saskia , Shahid Suleman , Moitroux Pola
Published: January 2023

Pictures of violence form an important element in today’s news media and political online discussions. Many of these images are uploaded by bystanders, that is, people without clear links to the events. In this article, we investigate publication intentions of bystanders when confronted with disparate violent scenes. Using a two-step approach of online survey and follow-up interviews, we illustrate how bystanders rationalize the possible publication of violence online along individualized and socialized rationales. The resulting framework offers a systematic view on conditions that shape publication and non-publication intentions. Overall, our study offers important contributions by linking individual and collective perspectives on online content production as well as a re-appreciation of bystanders that includes the possibility of non-publication as moral choice.
A process for assessing the reliability and validity of questions for use in online surveys: Exploring how communication technology is used between Lead Maternity Carer midwives and pregnant people in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Wakelin Karen J , McAra-Couper Judith , Fleming Tania , Erlam Gwen D
Published: January 2023

There is growing use of communication technology in Aotearoa New Zealand. How it is used between midwives and pregnant people is unknown. Surveys are ideal for gathering information when there is little known of a phenomenon. Aligning questions to a midwifery informed framework provides an innovate approach to explore this issue. To assess reliability and validity of questions for two online surveys using a tool created for an expert advisory group of midwives with experience in survey design and midwifery practice. An innovative approach is taken to validate questions for two online surveys using an expert advisory group of seven midwifery academic researchers with experience in both quantitative and qualitative research designs, and midwifery practice. The group were asked to rate items using a 4-point rating scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Analysis of the scoring was undertaken using Content Validity Index, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and review of comments by the group. Quantitative scoring of both survey instruments were valid and reliable. The overall Content Validity Index score was 0.92 (midwives) and 0.93 (pregnant people). The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient score was .78 (midwives) and .83 (pregnant people). Qualitative comments reinforced the validity and reliability of survey questions. An innovative approach was taken in assessing the reliability and validity of two online surveys using a midwifery expert advisory group and a midwifery framework to situate the surveys within a midwifery body of expertise and knowledge. The comments made by midwifery experts provided an extra layer in the validation of survey instruments using Content Validity Index and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient scoring. Creating a tool for validating questions developed by midwives for an expert group of midwives recognises the potential patriarchal roots of knowledge production and dissemination and enables marginalised voices to be heard.
Two-Part Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures with Bisection of the Lesser Trochanter: An Irreducible Fracture Pattern
Authors: Hu Sun-jun , Chang Shi-Min , Du Shou-chao , Zhang Li-zhi , Xiong Wen-feng
Published: January 2023

Objective

To introduce the clinical features of and surgical techniques for a rare type of irreducible pertrochanteric femur fracture pattern with bisection of the lesser trochanter.

Methods

From January 2017 to December 2019, 357 patients with per/intertrochanteric femur fractures underwent surgery by closed reduction and internal fixation, of whom 12 patients were identified with rare preoperative imaging features, the lesser trochanter was almost equally bisected. The main fracture pathoanatomy of these cases included: The anterior fracture line passed along the intertrochanteric line to the medial lesser trochanter and bisected it into 2 equal parts from mid-level of the lesser trochanteric protrusion. The proximal part of the lesser trochanter connected to the head-neck fragment and attached by the psoas major tendon, while the distal part of the lesser trochanter connected to the femoral shaft and attached by the tendon of the iliac muscle. These fractures were irreducible by a closed maneuver and were reduced with limited assistance by some devices, and short intramedullary nails were used for fixation of these fractures.

Results

All patients were followed up for an average of 14.2 ± 2.1 months. Clinical fracture union occurred at an average of 10.8 ± 1.5 weeks, while radiographic union occurred at an average of 12.7 ± 1.2 weeks. No cut out of the helical blade was visible on radiographs. The average Parker-Palmer score was 6.9 ± 1.3 (range, 5-9) at the last follow up, including 8 cases rated as excellent, 2 as good and 2 as fair.

Conclusion

Two-part pertrochanteric femur fractures with bisection of the lesser trochanter have an irreducible fracture pattern with cortical locking and soft tissue incarceration. Soft tissue release and short cephalomedullary nail fixation for this fracture pattern provide stable fixation and allow early exercise. This treatment appears to have excellent outcomes in the short and medium terms.
Idea Improvement and Socially Shared Regulation Matter in Cross-Cultural Online Collaborative Learning
Authors: Fosua Gyasi Juliana , Zheng Lanqin
Published: January 2023

Cross-cultural collaborative learning has been paid more and more attention in recent years. To promote productive cross-cultural collaborative learning, idea generation and improvement, and socially shared regulation is crucial. The study aimed to identify the differences in idea generation and improvement as well as socially shared regulation between high- and low-performance groups in cross-cultural online collaborative learning. In this study, 24 culturally diverse university students composed of eight groups conducted cross-cultural online collaborative learning to solve problems collaboratively. Epistemic network analysis and lag sequential analysis methods were employed to analyze data quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed that different strategies shape different learning performances. High-performance groups adopted more cognitive, social, and regulation processes than low-performance groups. The results extend the existing literature by indicating that idea elaboration, refining or building on ideas, and appraisal is strongly connected to new ideas. In addition, transitions from monitoring and controlling to adapting metacognition in collaborative learning activities are the main difference in socially shared regulation between high-performance and low-performance groups. This study shed light on how to engage culturally diverse students to generate and improve ideas as well as jointly regulate collaborative learning.
Still Battling for Equity: Examining Biological Sex Portrayals Through the Lens of the Gold Coast During Australian Prime Time Coverage of the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Authors: Scott Olan , Li Bo , Bingaman James
Published: January 2023

This study examined differences in the Seven Network’s primetime coverage of male and female athletes who participated at the 2018 Commonwealth Games that were held in Australia. Over 31 hours of total coverage was analyzed for clock-time, name mentions, and the descriptions of athletes by announcers divided by biological sex. Results found that male athletes received the bulk of the clock time and were featured more in two of the three most-telecasted sports: swimming and track cycling. However, there were few other significant results in the word for word descriptors of success, failure, physicality, and personality, which indicates that the announcers on the Seven Network provided a relatively balanced depiction of athletes. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Impact of COVID-19 on Spinal Diagnosis and Procedural Volume in the United States
Authors: Tarawneh Omar H. , Garay-Morales Steven , Liu Ivan Z. , Pakhchanian Haig , Kazim Syed Faraz , Roster Katie , McDaniel Lea , Tabaie Sean A. , Vellek John , Raiker Rahul , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. , Tannoury Tony , Tannoury Chadi
Published: January 2023

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of a national database.

Objectives

COVID-19 resulted in the widespread shifting of hospital resources to handle surging COVID-19 cases resulting in the postponement of surgeries, including numerous spine procedures. This study aimed to quantify the impact that COVID-19 had on the number of treated spinal conditions and diagnoses during the pandemic.

Methods

Using CPT and ICD-10 codes, TriNetX, a national database, was utilized to quantify spine procedures and diagnoses in patients >18 years of age. The period of March 2020-May 2021 was compared to a reference pre-pandemic period of March 2018-May 2019. Each time period was then stratified into four seasons of the year, and the mean average number of procedures per healthcare organization was compared.

Results

In total, 524,394 patient encounters from 53 healthcare organizations were included in the analysis. There were significant decreases in spine procedures and diagnoses during March-May 2020 compared to pre-pandemic levels. Measurable differences were noted for spine procedures during the winter of 2020-2021, including a decrease in lumbar laminectomy and anterior cervical arthrodesis. Comparing the pandemic period to the pre-pandemic period showed significant reductions in most spine procedures and treated diagnoses; however, there was an increase in open repair of thoracic fractures during this period.

Conclusions

COVID-19 resulted in a widespread decrease in spinal diagnosis and treated conditions. An inverse relationship was observed between new COVID-19 cases and spine procedural volume. Recent increases in procedural volume from pre-pandemic levels are promising signs that the spine surgery community has narrowed the gap in unmet care produced by the pandemic.
Subjective and Objective Needs Analysis of Mandarin Learners
Authors: LAM Kai Chee , ANG Lay Hoon , HOE Foo Terng , TING Hie Ling
Published: January 2023

Needs analysis for language courses has to be carried out continuously to keep up with global changes and the needs of learners. This mixed-method study aims to describe the subjective and objective needs of the Mandarin learners in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Malaysia, and to check if these needs correspond with each other. Targetting at 120 learners and two instructors, a questionnaire survey was distributed, and complemented by qualitative data derived from focus group interviews. Result shows that learners’ subjective needs correspond with objective needs for motivational orientation, textbook, and cultural exposure. Statistically insignificant differences were found in the expected skills to learn, lecture-activities ratio, and teaching-learning activities. The study concludes that flexibility, student-centeredness and practicality are elements to look into for course improvement. Future research can explore learners’ needs in mastering writing skill, as well as the needs differences among learners across different levels. The study complements the understanding and knowledge of needs analysis in regard to Mandarin learning outside of China.