bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictor of Death in Diarrheal Children Under 5 Years of Age Having Severe Sepsis in an Urban Critical Care Ward in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarmin Monira , Afroze Farzana , Sharifuzzaman  , Alam Tahmina , Shaly Nusrat Jahan , Ahmed Tahmeed , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer
Published: July 2019

We aimed to identify clinical predictors of fatal outcome in children under 5 years of age having diarrhea and severe sepsis and treated in the Intensive Care Unit of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b from October 2010 through September 2011. Among 191 enrolled children, 70 (37%) died and were considered to be cases, while the remaining 121 (63%) who survived constituted the controls. The cases more often had shortness of breath (SOB), septic shock, dehydrating diarrhea compared with the controls (for all, P < .05). After adjusting for potential confounders using logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of death was higher in children who had septic shock and SOB and lower in children having dehydrating diarrhea (for all, P < .05). Thus, SOB can trigger an early alarm for sepsis recognition; otherwise, these children can end up with fatality from septic shock. In resource-poor settings, early identification of these predictors can alleviate death.
Vulnerability Assessment of Farmer’s Livelihood to Flood in An Giang Province
Authors: Phu P. X. , De N. N.
Published: July 2019

This study, conducted in An Giang Province of Vietnam, assesses the vulnerability and adaptability of local farmers to the flood in different conditions. Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) proposed by Hahn, Riederer, and Foster (2009, Global Environmental Change, 19(1), 74–88) was applied for livelihood vulnerability analysis of different flooding zones (upper, middle and lower zones) in low flooding condition. Research results showed that LVI of different flooding zones are decreasingly dependent on major components of social networks, knowledge and skills, natural resources, finance and incomes, livelihood strategies, and natural disaster and climate variability. In which, LVI of Phu Huu commune in An Phu district which locates in the upper zone is 0.397 higher than LVI of two communes located in the lower parts of the river: Vinh An commune, Chau Thanh district (middle zone; LVI: 0.299) and Vinh Phuoc commune, Tri Ton district (lower zone; LVI: 0.357). Adaptive capacity of Phu Huu commune (0.415) is also higher than Vinh An (0.304) and Vinh Phuoc (0.355) communes. It reflects the direct correlation between LVI and adaptive capacity. The research recommends some solutions to reduce the vulnerability on livelihoods due to floods in the context of climate change.
Development and Implementation of Interprofessional Relations Between a College of Pharmacy and Osteopathic Residency Programs in a Community Teaching Hospital
Authors: Boylan Paul M. , Sedlacek Jordan , Santibañez Melissa , Church Andria F. , Lounsbury Nicole , Nguyen Jacqueline
Published: July 2019

Background: Team-based health care optimizes patient outcomes, and therefore, both interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional relations (IPR) are required in health professions education, postgraduate training, and real-world clinical practice. Existing literature describes progressive developments and assessments of IPE in colleges of pharmacy and medicine; however, there are fewer reports describing processes or projects that foster physician-pharmacist IPR in clinical practices without established interprofessional collaborations. Objectives: The primary objective was to establish IPR between pharmacists and osteopathic residents in a community teaching hospital. The secondary objective was to innovate the delivery of pharmacotherapeutic content delivered to the residents during their didactic lecture series by providing active learning strategies. Methods: This report describes a project wherein college of pharmacy faculty developed IPR with osteopathic residents in a community teaching hospital that previously did not have any established physician-pharmacist IPR. Osteopathic medical residents completed a post-implementation survey after they attended a 12-month series of didactic lectures that incorporated active learning delivered by pharmacist faculty. Results: Sixty-six residents were eligible to complete the survey; 20 residents completed the survey. Eighteen residents believed that both physicians and pharmacists should be educated to establish IPR and that it should be included in professional, graduate, and continuing education settings for both professions. Sixteen residents believed that the active learning techniques employed by college of pharmacy faculty were useful for IPR. Conclusions: Physician-pharmacist IPR may be achievable in settings where IPR was previously sparse. Shared interests, adherence, and innovations in IPR frameworks are essential for developing physician-pharmacist IPR.
Antibiotics inhibit tumor and disease activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Lindahl Lise M. , Willerslev-Olsen Andreas , Gjerdrum Lise M. R. , Nielsen Pia R. , Blümel Edda , Rittig Anne H. , Celis Pamela , Herpers Bjorn , Becker Jürgen C. , Stausbøl-Grøn Birgitte , Wasik Mariusz A. , Gluud Maria , Fredholm Simon , Buus Terkild B. , Johansen Claus , Nastasi Claudia , Peiffer Lukas , Kubat Linda , Bzorek Michael , Eriksen Jens O. , Krejsgaard Thorbjørn , Bonefeld Charlotte M. , Geisler Carsten , Mustelin Tomas , Langhoff Erik , Givskov Michael , Woetmann Anders , Kilian Mogens , Litman Thomas , Iversen Lars , Odum Niels
Published: July 2019

This paper reports that aggressive antibiotic treatment inhibits disease activity and lymphocyte proliferation in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The study offers important evidence for a link between bacterial infection, activation of the immune system, and CTCL progression.
Ibrutinib plus lenalidomide and rituximab has promising activity in relapsed/refractory non–germinal center B-cell–like DLBCL
Authors: Goy Andre , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Ghosh Nilanjan , Munoz Javier , Morgan David S. , Dang Nam H. , Knapp Mark , Delioukina Maria , Kingsley Edwin , Ping Jerry , Beaupre Darrin M. , Neuenburg Jutta K. , Ruan Jia
Published: July 2019

The investigators report on the promising activity of a phase 1b trial of the targeted therapy triplet rituximab, ibrutinib, and lenalidomide in patients with relapsed non–germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Randomized controlled study of ECP with methoxsalen as first-line treatment of patients with moderate to severe cGVHD
Authors: Jagasia Madan , Scheid Christof , Socié Gérard , Ayuk Francis Ayuketang , Tischer Johanna , Donato Michele L. , Bátai Árpád , Chen Heidi , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Chin Thomas , Boodée Henri , Mitri Ghaith , Greinix Hildegard T.
Published: July 2019

The investigation of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) plus standard of care (SoC) (SoC+ECP) in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) within prospective, randomized clinical studies is limited, despite its frequent clinical use. This phase 1/pilot study was the first randomized, prospective study to investigate ECP use as first-line therapy in cGVHD, based on the 2015 National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria for diagnosis and response assessment. Adult patients with new-onset (≤3 years of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) moderate or severe cGVHD were randomized 1:1 to 26 weeks of SoC+ECP vs SoC (corticosteroids and cyclosporine A/tacrolimus) between 2011 and 2015. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), defined as complete or partial response, at week 28 in the intention-to-treat population (ITT). Other outcomes included quality of life (QoL) measures and safety. Sixty patients were randomized; ITT included 53 patients (SoC+ECP: 29; SoC: 24). Week 28 ORR was 74.1% (SoC+ECP) and 60.9% (SoC). Investigator-assessed ORR was 56.0% (SoC+ECP) and 66.7% (SoC). Patients treated with SoC experienced a decline in QoL over the 28-week study period; QoL remained unchanged in SoC+ECP patients. Most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in SoC+ECP patients were hypertension (31.0%), cough (20.7%), dyspnea (17.2%), and fatigue (17.2%). Seventeen patients (SoC+ECP: 8; SoC: 9) experienced 35 serious adverse events (SAEs). No TEAEs or SAEs were considered related to the ECP instrument or methoxsalen. The encouraging short-term results of this study could inform the design of subsequent studies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01380535.
Tisagenlecleucel in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients without measurable disease at infusion
Authors: Bishop Michael R. , Maziarz Richard T. , Waller Edmund K. , Jäger Ulrich , Westin Jason R. , McGuirk Joseph P. , Fleury Isabelle , Holte Harald , Borchmann Peter , del Corral Christopher , Tiwari Ranjan , Anak Özlem , Awasthi Rakesh , Pacaud Lida , Romanov Vadim V. , Schuster Stephen J.
Published: July 2019

Tisagenlecleucel demonstrated high rates of durable responses in adult patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) in the JULIET trial. Most patients (92%) received bridging therapies to control disease after study entry and before tisagenlecleucel infusion. Here, we examine the efficacy and safety of tisagenlecleucel in the subset of 7 patients who achieved complete response (CR) after bridging therapy and before tisagenlecleucel infusion. Tisagenlecleucel rapidly expanded in all 7 patients, and the transgene levels were measurable for up to 2 years after infusion. After infusion, all 7 patients were still in CR at the month 3 evaluation, and 5 of 7 patients remained progression-free >12 months. Adverse events were similar to the overall JULIET population. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was reported in 4 of 7 patients (grade 2 = 2 and grade 3 = 2 using the Penn grading scale), and 1 patient experienced grade 1 neurotoxicity. No patient required tocilizumab or steroids for CRS management. These data provide preliminary evidence of tisagenlecleucel efficacy in patients with r/r DLBCL without detectable disease after bridging or salvage therapies and warrant further investigation of tisagenlecleucel as consolidative therapy in future trials. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02445248.
Unstable control of breathing can lead to ineffective noninvasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sancho Jesús , Burés Enric , Ferrer Santos , Ferrando Ana , Bañuls Pilar , Servera Emilio
Published: July 2019

Upper airway obstruction with decreased central drive (ODCD) is one of the causes of ineffective noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism responsible for ODCD in ALS patients using NIV.

This is a prospective study that included ALS patients with home NIV. Severity of bulbar dysfunction was assessed with the Norris scale bulbar subscore; data on upper or lower bulbar motor neuron predominant dysfunction on physical examination were collected. Polysomnography was performed on every patient while using NIV and the ODCD index (ODCDI: number of ODCD events/total sleep time) was calculated. To determine the possible central origin of ODCD, controller gain was measured by inducing a hypocapnic hyperventilation apnoea. Sonography of the upper airway during NIV was performed to determine the location of the ODCD.

30 patients were enrolled; three (10%) had ODCDI >5 h−1. The vast majority of ODCD events were produced during non-rapid eye movement sleep stages and were a consequence of an adduction of the vocal folds. Patients with ODCDI >5 h−1had upper motor neuron predominant dysfunction at the bulbar level, and had greater controller gain (1.97±0.33versus0.91±0.36 L·min−1·mmHg−1; p<0.001) and lower carbon dioxide (CO2) reserve (4.00±0.00versus10.37±5.13 mmHg; p=0.043). ODCDI was correlated with the severity of bulbar dysfunction (r= −0.37; p=0.044), controller gain (r=0.59; p=0.001) and CO2reserve (r= −0.35; p=0.037).

ODCD events in ALS patients using NIV have a central origin, and are associated with instability in the control of breathing and an upper motor neuron predominant dysfunction at the bulbar level.
Reducing the frequency of respiratory tract infections in severe neurological disorders by inhaled antibiotics: a retrospective data analysis
Authors: Eckerland Maximilian , Bock Claudia , Olivier Margarete , Pichlmaier Leopold , Steindor Mathis , Stehling Florian
Published: July 2019

Background

In patients with severe neurological impairment, recurrent respiratory tract infections frequently occur as a result of impaired clearance of airway secretions and microbial airway colonisation. We hypothesised that inhaled antibiotic therapy may improve the morbidity of these patients.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis of 20 patients (11 nontracheotomised and nine tracheotomised) with neurological impairment and microbial airway colonisation was carried out at a children's university hospital. Two questionnaires that asked about the number of respiratory tract infections, antibiotic therapies and hospitalisations were distributed to the patients/caregivers: a first questionnaire representing the 12 months prior to the initiation of inhaled antibiotics and a second questionnaire describing the first 12 months under therapy.

Results

During the first 12 months of therapy, the frequency of respiratory tract infections among all participants was reduced from a mean of 6.8 episodes (median (interquartile range (IQR)) 6.0 (4.0–10.0) episodes) to a mean of 2.5 episodes (median (IQR) 2.0 (1.0–3.0) episodes; p<0.001). In addition, a significant decrease of systemic antibiotic therapies (mean 7.7, median (IQR) 6.0 (4.0–10.0)versus2.5, 2.5 (0.0–3.75) episodes; p<0.001) and hospitalisations (mean 3.9, median (IQR) 3.5 (1.0–5.0)versus0.9, 0.0 (0.0–1.0) episodes; p<0.001) was noted. This significant therapeutic effect could be demonstrated in a subgroup analysis in both tracheotomised and nontracheotomised subjects. The reduction of respiratory tract infections and systemic antibiotic therapies (and thus the therapeutic success) was significantly greater in the nontracheotomised group compared with the tracheotomised group.

Conclusions

The presented data suggest that inhaled antibiotics might play a role in treating recurrent respiratory tract infections in neuromuscular diseases.
ARCHES: A Randomized, Phase III Study of Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Enzalutamide or Placebo in Men With Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Armstrong Andrew J. , Szmulewitz Russell Z. , Petrylak Daniel P. , Holzbeierlein Jeffrey , Villers Arnauld , Azad Arun , Alcaraz Antonio , Alekseev Boris , Iguchi Taro , Shore Neal D. , Rosbrook Brad , Sugg Jennifer , Baron Benoit , Chen Lucy , Stenzl Arnulf
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE

Enzalutamide, a potent androgen-receptor inhibitor, has demonstrated significant benefits in metastatic and nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

METHODS

ARCHES (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02677896 ) is a multinational, double-blind, phase III trial, wherein 1,150 men with mHSPC were randomly assigned 1:1 to enzalutamide (160 mg/day) or placebo, plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), stratified by disease volume and prior docetaxel chemotherapy. The primary end point was radiographic progression-free survival.

RESULTS

As of October 14, 2018, the risk of radiographic progression or death was significantly reduced with enzalutamide plus ADT versus placebo plus ADT (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.50; P < .001; median not reached v 19.0 months). Similar significant improvements in radiographic progression-free survival were reported in prespecified subgroups on the basis of disease volume and prior docetaxel therapy. Enzalutamide plus ADT significantly reduced the risk of prostate-specific antigen progression, initiation of new antineoplastic therapy, first symptomatic skeletal event, castration resistance, and reduced risk of pain progression. More men achieved an undetectable prostate-specific antigen level and/or an objective response with enzalutamide plus ADT ( P < .001). Patients in both treatment groups reported a high baseline level of quality of life, which was maintained over time. Grade 3 or greater adverse events were reported in 24.3% of patients who received enzalutamide plus ADT versus 25.6% of patients who received placebo plus ADT, with no unexpected adverse events.

CONCLUSION

Enzalutamide with ADT significantly reduced the risk of metastatic progression or death over time versus placebo plus ADT in men with mHSPC, including those with low-volume disease and/or prior docetaxel, with a safety analysis that seems consistent with the safety profile of enzalutamide in previous clinical trials in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Model systems for regeneration: salamanders
Authors: Joven Alberto , Elewa Ahmed , Simon András
Published: July 2019

Salamanders have been hailed as champions of regeneration, exhibiting a remarkable ability to regrow tissues, organs and even whole body parts, e.g. their limbs. As such, salamanders have provided key insights into the mechanisms by which cells, tissues and organs sense and regenerate missing or damaged parts. In this Primer, we cover the evolutionary context in which salamanders emerged. We outline the varieties of mechanisms deployed during salamander regeneration, and discuss how these mechanisms are currently being explored and how they have advanced our understanding of animal regeneration. We also present arguments about why it is important to study closely related species in regeneration research.
Sirtuin 7 promotes 45S pre-rRNA cleavage at site 2 and determines the processing pathway
Authors: Sirri Valentina , Grob Alice , Berthelet Jérémy , Jourdan Nathalie , Roussel Pascal
Published: July 2019

In humans, ribosome biogenesis mainly occurs in nucleoli following two alternative pre-rRNA processing pathways differing in the order in which cleavages take place but not by the sites of cleavage. To uncover the role of the nucleolar NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 7 in the synthesis of ribosomal subunits, pre-rRNA processing was analyzed after sirtinol-mediated inhibition of sirtuin 7 activity or depletion of sirtuin 7 protein. We thus reveal that sirtuin 7 activity is a critical regulator of processing of 45S, 32S and 30S pre-rRNAs. Sirtuin 7 protein is primarily essential to 45S pre-rRNA cleavage at site 2, which is the first step of processing pathway 2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sirtuin 7 physically interacts with Nop56 and the GAR domain of fibrillarin, and propose that this could interfere with fibrillarin-dependent cleavage. Sirtuin 7 depletion results in the accumulation of 5′ extended forms of 32S pre-rRNA, and also influences the localization of fibrillarin. Thus, we establish a close relationship between sirtuin 7 and fibrillarin, which might determine the processing pathway used for ribosome biogenesis.
Colocation of Tpm3.1 and myosin IIa heads defines a discrete subdomain in stress fibres
Authors: Meiring Joyce C. M. , Bryce Nicole S. , Lastra Cagigas Maria , Benda Aleš , Whan Renee M. , Ariotti Nicholas , Parton Robert G. , Stear Jeffrey H. , Hardeman Edna C. , Gunning Peter W.
Published: July 2019

Co-polymers of tropomyosin and actin make up a major fraction of the actin cytoskeleton. Tropomyosin isoforms determine the function of an actin filament by selectively enhancing or inhibiting the association of other actin binding proteins, altering the stability of an actin filament and regulating myosin activity in an isoform-specific manner. Previous work has implicated specific roles for at least five different tropomyosin isoforms in stress fibres, as depletion of any of these five isoforms results in a loss of stress fibres. Despite this, most models of stress fibres continue to exclude tropomyosins. In this study, we investigate tropomyosin organisation in stress fibres by using super-resolution light microscopy and electron microscopy with genetically tagged, endogenous tropomyosin. We show that tropomyosin isoforms are organised in subdomains within the overall domain of stress fibres. The isoforms Tpm3.1 and 3.2 (hereafter Tpm3.1/3.2, encoded by TPM3) colocalise with non-muscle myosin IIa and IIb heads, and are in register, but do not overlap, with non-muscle myosin IIa and IIb tails. Furthermore, perturbation of Tpm3.1/3.2 results in decreased myosin IIa in stress fibres, which is consistent with a role for Tpm3.1 in maintaining myosin IIa localisation in stress fibres.
Depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate at the Golgi translocates K-Ras to mitochondria
Authors: Miller Taylor E. , Henkels Karen M. , Huddleston Mary , Salisbury Richard , Hussain Saber M. , Sasaki Atsuo T. , Cho Kwang-Jin
Published: July 2019

Ras proteins are small GTPases localized to the plasma membrane (PM), which regulate cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. After a series of post-translational modifications, H-Ras and N-Ras traffic to the PM from the Golgi via the classical exocytic pathway, but the exact mechanism of K-Ras trafficking to the PM from the ER is not fully characterized. ATP5G1 (also known as ATP5MC1) is one of the three proteins that comprise subunit c of the F0 complex of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. In this study, we show that overexpression of the mitochondrial targeting sequence of ATP5G1 perturbs glucose metabolism, inhibits oncogenic K-Ras signaling, and redistributes phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to mitochondria and other endomembranes, resulting in K-Ras translocation to mitochondria. Also, it depletes phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the Golgi. Glucose supplementation restores PtdSer and K-Ras PM localization and PI4P at the Golgi. We further show that inhibition of the Golgi-localized PI4-kinases (PI4Ks) translocates K-Ras, and PtdSer to mitochondria and endomembranes, respectively. We conclude that PI4P at the Golgi regulates the PM localization of PtdSer and K-Ras.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Dissection of GTPase-activating proteins reveals functional asymmetry in the COPI coat of budding yeast
Authors: Arakel Eric C. , Huranova Martina , Estrada Alejandro F. , Rau E-Ming , Spang Anne , Schwappach Blanche
Published: July 2019

The Arf GTPase controls formation of the COPI vesicle coat. Recent structural models of COPI revealed the positioning of two Arf1 molecules in contrasting molecular environments. Each of these pockets for Arf1 is expected to also accommodate an Arf GTPase-activating protein (ArfGAP). Structural evidence and protein interactions observed between isolated domains indirectly suggest that each niche preferentially recruits one of the two ArfGAPs known to affect COPI, i.e. Gcs1/ArfGAP1 and Glo3/ArfGAP2/3, although only partial structures are available. The functional role of the unique non-catalytic domain of either ArfGAP has not been integrated into the current COPI structural model. Here, we delineate key differences in the consequences of triggering GTP hydrolysis through the activity of one versus the other ArfGAP. We demonstrate that Glo3/ArfGAP2/3 specifically triggers Arf1 GTP hydrolysis impinging on the stability of the COPI coat. We show that the Snf1 kinase complex, the yeast homologue of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylates the region of Glo3 that is crucial for this effect and, thereby, regulates its function in the COPI-vesicle cycle. Our results revise the model of ArfGAP function in the molecular context of COPI.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Behavioural responses to video and live presentations of females reveal a dissociation between performance and motivational aspects of birdsong
Authors: James Logan S. , Fan Raina , Sakata Jon T.
Published: July 2019

Understanding the regulation of social behavioural expression requires insight into motivational and performance aspects of social behaviours. While a number of studies have independently investigated motivational or performance aspects of social behaviours, few have examined how these aspects relate to each other. By comparing behavioural variation in response to live or video presentations of conspecific females, we analysed how variation in the motivation to produce courtship song covaries with variation in performance aspects of courtship song in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Consistent with previous reports, we observed that male zebra finches were less motivated to produce courtship songs to videos of females than to live presentations of females. However, we found that acoustic features that reflect song performance were not significantly between songs produced to videos of females and songs produced to live presentations of females. For example, songs directed at video presentations of females were just as fast and stereotyped as songs directed at live females. These experimental manipulations and correlational analyses reveal a dissociation between motivational and performance aspects of birdsong and suggest a refinement of neural models of song production and control. In addition, they support the efficacy of videos to study both motivational and performance aspects of social behaviours.
Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats
Authors: Nwaichi Eucharia O. , Essien Eka B. , Ibe Uzoamaka Chinonso
Published: July 2019

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats.

Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination.

Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos.

Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.
Advances in understanding the role of adipose tissue and mitochondrial oxidative stress in Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Nagajyothi Jyothi F. , Weiss Louis M.
Published: July 2019

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, causes a latent infection that results in cardiomyopathy. Infection with this pathogen is a major socio-economic burden in areas of endemic infection throughout Latin America. The development of chagasic cardiomyopathy is dependent on the persistence of this parasite in host tissues. Pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy is multifactorial and research indicates that it includes microvascular dysfunction, immune responses to host and parasite antigens, and various vasoactive and lipid mediators produced by both the host and parasite. It has been demonstrated thatT. cruzipersists in adipose tissue and uses fat as a nutritional niche in infected hosts. This chronic infection of adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis and persistence of this infection and involves mitochondrial stress responses as well as the production of various anti-inflammatory adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines by both white and brown adipose tissue. The changes in diet in endemic regions of infection have resulted in an epidemic of obesity that has significant implications for the pathogenesis ofT. cruziinfection and the development of chagasic cardiomyopathy in infected humans.
Evaluation of benefits and harms of surgical treatments for post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Choiniere Roselyne , Richard Patrick O. , Morin Melanie , Tu Le-Mai , Guyatt Gordon H. , Violette Philippe D.
Published: July 2019

Background: Post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI) is a frequent and feared complication that can affect approximately 25% of patients. Between 1 and 10% of patients suffering from PPI will require surgery. The effectiveness of the available surgical interventions has only been compared in a few randomized controlled trials and the available reviews have important limitations regarding both benefits and harms that make them insufficient to inform decision-making. The aim of the study is to provide systematic summaries of benefits and harms of contemporary surgical treatment options for PPI through systematic review and meta-analysis using GRADE methodology and reporting in accord with the PRISMA-P statement.

Methods: Studies pertaining to bulking agents, male synthetic slings, compressive balloon systems (ProACT) or artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) used for the treatment of patients suffering from PPI will be included. A systematic search will be conducted using the OVID and PubMED platforms in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases, and reference lists of relevant reviews and guidelines. Trained independent reviewers will conduct study selection and data extraction. Outcomes will include the number of pads used per day, the 24-h pad weight test, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (IQOL) as possible benefits and the reoperations, the Clavien-Dindo complications and the other reported adverse events as the harms. When possible, pooled analyses will be completed. Risk of bias will be assessed using the CLARITY tools and a new tool for the before-and-after studies without a control group. Finally, study heterogeneity will be assessed, publication bias will be evaluated with funnel plots and quality of evidence rated for each outcome.

Discussion: Our study will address patient-important outcomes and will be useful in clinical decision-making as well as identifying key elements for future research.

Study registration: PROSPERO: CRD42018073923 05/12/2018
Case Report: Don’t chew the fufu: a case report of suspected drug bodystuffing
Authors: Jimenez Naya , Tran Nguyen Toan , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Platon Alexandra , Meach Francesco , Juillerat André , Getaz Laurent , Wolff Hans
Published: July 2019

Background: Intrabody concealment of illicit substances is a common practice in the trafficking chain. Bodystuffing, which consists of precipitously swallowing packets of substances for concealment from law-enforcement officers in anticipation of impending search or arrest, is particularly dangerous. There is a risk of rupture of the loosely wrapped drug packets, which could lead to substance intoxication or even death.

Case presentation:  This article reports the case of a young man who was taken by law enforcement authorities to our Emergency Department for investigation of bodystuffing. Although the patient denied the facts, the initial reading of the computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of multiple images compatible with drug packets, which were mostly in the stomach. Upon admission to our secured inpatient ward for clinical surveillance of packet evacuation, the patient denied again having ingested such packets, and declared that he only ate ‘fufu’. Fufu is a traditional food of central and western Africa consisting of a starchy preparation compacted by hand into small balls. Fufu balls are usually swallowed without chewing to allow a sensation of stomach fullness throughout the day. Considering the fufu intake history, a careful reassessment of the imaging confirmed the presence of food content.

Conclusions: This case study offers an example of bodystuffing false positive due to fufu. It illustrates the importance of a history of food intake that could bias the interpretation of CT scan images.
The negative health effects of hostile environment policies on migrants: A cross-sectional service evaluation of humanitarian healthcare provision in the UK
Authors: Weller Sophie J. , Crosby Liam J. , Turnbull Eleanor R. , Burns Rachel , Miller Anna , Jones Lucy , Aldridge Robert W.
Published: July 2019

Background: Recent UK ‘hostile environment’ immigration policies, including obligatory charging and sharing of confidential data between NHS Digital and the Home Office, have created an atmosphere of fear and exposed already highly marginalised and vulnerable groups to significant health risks by increasing barriers to accessing NHS care. 

Methods:  This is a cross-sectional observational study of patients accessing healthcare at Doctors of the World (DOTW) in the UK. DOTW is a humanitarian organisation, providing care to those excluded from NHS healthcare. We aimed to describe population characteristics of individuals using DOTW services and identify groups at greatest risk of facing ‘hostile environment’-related barriers to NHS care, specifically being denied healthcare or fear of arrest.

Results: A total of 1474 adults were seen in 2016. Nearly all were non-EU/EEA nationals (97.8%; 1441/1474), living in poverty (68.6%; 1011/1474). DOTW saw a large number of undocumented migrants (57.1%; 841/1474) and asylum seekers (18.2%; 268/1474). 10.2% (151/1474) of adults seen had been denied NHS healthcare and 7.7% (114/1474) were afraid to access NHS services. Asylum seeker status was associated with the highest risk (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-4.14) of being denied NHS healthcare and being undocumented was associated with the highest risk of fearing arrest (adjusted OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.70-5.40).

Conclusions: Our findings make visible the multiple and intersecting vulnerabilities of individuals forced to seek care outside of the NHS, underlining the public health imperative for the government to urgently withdraw its ‘hostile environment’ policies and address their negative health impacts.
Sound Effects and the Morphing Façade: Emotion in Sound of Projection Mapping
Authors: Pastó Cortina Roger
Published: July 2019

La literatura acerca del mapeo de proyección como una forma de arte multimedia es escasa y usualmente solo aborda los efectos visuales o discute acerca de la tecnología con la cual lograr esta técnica. Los textos acerca delrol del diseño de sonido en el mapeo de proyección, hasta donde podemos confirmar a través de la investigación académica, son inexistentes.Sobre la base de la investigación de sonido (música, efectos sonoros, ambiente, voces) para películas, animaciones y videojuegos, este artículo analiza cómo es usada la música en el mapeo de proyección y las decisiones que he tenidoque tomar para la creación de sountracks. Este documento teórico tiene el objetivo de proveer una introducción a la literatura del sonido en el mapeo de proyección e impulsar la investigación futura tanto teórica como empírica para aumentar la comprensión del mapeo de proyección. Para esto se usan tres mapeos de proyección: Bilbao, Tricenari Mas Guinardó y Voluntariat, para los cuales he trabajado como diseñador de sonido y compositor musical. De esta manera, intentaré explicar cómo los efectos de sonido juegan un papel crucial para provocar emociones en el mapeo de proyección. Empecemos por definir el mapeo de proyección.
Disleksi Hakkında Öğretmen Görüşleri ve Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar
Authors: BALCI Emine
Published: July 2019

Araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki öğretmenlerin
disleksiye ilişkin görüşlerini incelemek ve onların disleksiyle ilgili eğitim
ihtiyaçlarını belirlemektir. Ankara İli Kalecik İlçesinde görev yapan bütün;
sınıf, Türkçe, rehber, özel eğitim ve okul öncesi öğretmenleri çalışmanın
örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Bu öğretmenlere veri toplama aracı olarak Yarı Yapılandırılmış Öğretmen Görüşme Formu
ve Öğretmen Bilgi Formu uygulanmıştır.
Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi, yüzde ve frekans kullanılarak
çözümlenmiş ve beş alt başlıkta incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak öğretmenlerin
üniversite eğitimlerinde disleksi hakkında yeterince bilgilendirilmedikleri ve
aldıkları disleksi eğitimini yeterli bulmadıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin
mesleklerine atandıktan sonra da disleksi hakkında yeterince bilgilendirilmedikleri
ortaya çıkmıştır. Disleksi hakkındaki bilgilerinin kaynağı incelendiğinde ise
öğretmenlerin % 25’i bu kavramı,
formal eğitim ortamlarında değil, Yerdeki
Yıldızlar/Her Çocuk Özeldir adlı bir Hint Filmiyle öğrendiklerini
belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmenlerin disleksi bilgi düzeylerinin yeterli olmadığı ve
kendilerini yetersiz hissettikleri öğrenilmiştir. Öğretmenler aynı zamanda,
disleksili bir öğrenciyle karşılaşmaları durumunda; farkına varma, belirleme
yönünde gerekli bilgi ve mesleki beceriye sahip olmadıkları yönünde görüş
bildirmişlerdir. Bu öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak eğitim yöntemlerini
bilmediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmenler disleksili öğrencileri için özel
bir çalışma yapmamakta ve beden eğitimi, müzik gibi derslerde ya da öğle
aralarına sıkıştırarak eğitim vermeye çalışmaktadır. Öğretmenler bu
öğrencilerin eğitimlerinin kaynaştırma eğitiminden ziyade destek eğitim odaları
aracılığıyla yapılması gerektiğini düşünmektedirler.
Analysis of the MANAGE Drain Concentration Database to Evaluate Agricultural Management Effects on Drainage Water Nutrient Concentrations
Authors: Hertzberger Allan J. , Pittelkow Cameron M. , Harmel R. Daren , Christianson Laura E.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Agricultural systems are substantial contributors of nonpoint-source nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution, and loss of dissolved forms of these nutrients is exacerbated in subsurface-drained (tile-drained) landscapes. The majority of reviews summarizing drainage nutrient losses have focused on N and P loads, but closer inspection of drainage concentrations is necessary to more directly link cropping management factors with water quality outcomes. More than 1,500 recently compiled site-years of drainage N and P concentration in the Measured Annual loads from AGricultural Environments (MANAGE) Drain Concentration database were used to analyze the impacts of crop selelction, nutrient management, and tillage type on annual drainage nutrient concentrations. The highest annual flow-weighted mean NO3-N concentrations across the database were from corn, corn and soybean (grown within the same plot in the same year), and soybean site-years (14.0, 13.5, and 12.1 mg L-1, respectively). However, crop selection was not a significant predictor for annual average dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations in drainage. Nitrogen application rates below 75 kg ha-1 for corn did not significantly reduce annual NO3-N concentrations compared to rates of 75 to 149 kg ha-1 or 150 to 224 kg ha-1, although the three largest application rate categories (75 to 149 kg ha-1, 150 to 224 kg ha-1, and >224 kg ha-1, respectively) resulted in significantly increasing NO3-N concentrations. The stepwise regression approach was used to reduce and select predictors to model annual NO3-N and DRP concentrations. Regression analysis of NO3-N concentrations had an overall model R2 of 0.59 (n = 254) and indicated that N application rate had the greatest effect on NO3-N concentrations in corn site-years, followed by fertilizer timing and tillage type. Regression analysis of DRP concentrations had an overall R2 of 0.94, and although the model was less robust due to the small sample size (n = 47), fertilizer timing was most closely correlated with annual DRP concentrations. The MANAGE database will continue to evolve and remain a resource for new exploratory efforts to better understand and reduce nutrient losses from agricultural systems. Keywords: Concentration, Drainage, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Water quality.
Prevalência de escoliose em escolares na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Albuquerque Louhana Alves , Peixoto Raissa Carvalho , Santos Francisca Daiane de Oliveira , Gonzaga Diego Bastos , Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro de , Bastos Vasco Pinheiro Diógenes
Published: July 2019

A escoliose é uma das deformidades que afetam a coluna vertebral que surge durante a fase de aceleração do crescimento vertebral, por essa razão, as crianças são os alvos mais vulneráveis desta enfermidade. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi verificar a prevalência da escoliose em escolares na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, transversal, de campo, exploratória com abordagem quantitativa. As informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário com perguntas sobre dados pessoais e características ambientais. A avaliação postural foi realizada pelo teste de Adams, em uma amostra de 46 escolares matriculados no 5º ano e 6º ano do ensino fundamental numa escola da rede privada na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Com relação ao gênero dos alunos que participaram da amostra, 60,87% (n=28) são do sexo feminino e 39,14% (n=18) do sexo masculino e, desses, 67,39% (n=31) estudantes do 5º ano e 6º ano praticavam atividades físicas. O teste de Adams positivo foi detectado em 71,73% (n=33) da amostra estudada. Concluímos que a má postura em sala de aula e ao dormir favorecem o surgimento da escoliose, pois existiu uma alta prevalência dessa alteração postural nos estudantes analisados.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida de idosos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Gabriel Daniele Moura , Da Silva Brenna Barbosa , De Oliveira Carlos Ariel Souza , Guerin Leticia de Sousa , De Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro , Diógenes Bastos Vasco Pinheiro
Published: July 2019

A hipertensão arterial (HAS) é um problema grave de saúde pública pela sua alta predominância e morbimortalidade. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica atendidos emunidades básicas de saúde, do município de Caucaia, Ceará. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em cinco unidades básicas de saúde por meio da aplicação de um questionário sócio demográfico e um questionário específico para a hipertensão arterial, MINICHAL-BRASIL. A amostra foi composta por 73 idosos. Dos participantes avaliados, a maioria era mulheres com idade média de 70 anos, casada, com baixa escolaridade, baixa renda familiar, na faixa de sobrepeso ou obesidade, com risco muito aumentado de complicações metabólicas, dieta controlada, não etilista, história familiar de doenças cardiovasculares, portadoras de diabetes e dislipidemia e pressão arterial entre controlada e estágio I e II. Esses dados sugerem a necessidade de efetivar ações de promoção à saúde, dirigidas para a educação e prática na prevenção dos fatores de risco, proporcionando uma melhora na qualidade de vida da população. Neste contexto, salienta-se a importância da equipe multiprofissional no controle da HAS e na prevenção das complicações crônicas.
Insectos benéficos asociados a plantas arvenses atrayentes en agroecosistemas del Piedemonte de la Orinoquia Colombiana
Authors: León-Burgos Andrés Felipe , Murillo-Pacheco Johanna I. , Bautista-Zamora Daniel , Quinto Cánovas Javier
Published: July 2019

Se estudió la biodiversidad de insectos benéficos asociados a plantas arvenses en agroecosistemas de cacao, guanábana y arroz. Se realizaron muestreos en cinco especies de plantas arvenses asociadas a los agroecosistemas: Crotalaria striata, Indigofera hirsuta, Hyptis capitata, Melampodium divaricatum y Stachytarpheta cayennensis. Los insectos se colectaron mediante muestreos sistemáticos con red entomológica y observaciones directas a través de un transecto lineal. Se realiza por primera vez un inventario detallado de la diversidad de insectos benéficos asociada a agroecosistemas del departamento del Meta, compuesta por 66 especies/morfoespecies. Se reportan datos de interés de diez especies, entre ellos la ampliación del rango de distribución de ocho especies para la Orinoquia, así como el registro de dos nuevos géneros para Colombia: Myzinum (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) y Chaetogaedia (Diptera: Tachinidae). Se constata una amplia biodiversidad taxonómica y ecológica de insectos benéficos en estos ecosistemas transformados, diversidad entomológica asociada especialmente a la presencia de plantas arvenses que actúan como fuentes de alimentos suplementarios y sitios de refugio para estos insectos. Este estudio pretende aportar datos de interés para el manejo integrado de plagas, programas de restauración ecológica y conocimiento de la biología de las especies registradas.
Manajemen Kinerja di Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi: Kepuasan Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi
Authors: Hidayah Siti Nur
Published: July 2019

Individual performance in the organization is influenced by many factors, such as work satisfaction and culture within the organization. Besides that, work satisfaction have a positif correlation with individual performance. The more satisfy a worker with his/her work, the bettter his/her individual performance that make them to be more productive. Organizational culture influence which strategy that will be implemented by an organization to respond to the changes within or outside the organization. The more capability of an organization to respond to changes, the better the organization itself.
Manajemen Strategik dan Mutu Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Khori Ahmad
Published: July 2019

A qualified education is an education which is able to develop nation character as well as civilization. Therefore, the values of faith, obedience, piousness, virtuous acts, healthiness, knowledge, competence, creativity, self-reliance, democracy and responsibility should be strengthened within educational institutions including students and stakeholders. Nowadays, most schools superficially develop some of the educational aspects, such as, cognitive dimension that is taught through memorizing and psychomotor dimension which is merely a mechanistic process. Meanwhile, other dimensions, such as relational dimension, are not handled properly. Ideally, a qualified school should be able to develop cognitive dimension, not only as a memorization but also as knowledge mastery suitable to students’ capacity as well as their endowment. From this phenomenon, I tried to offer a concept of implementation and development of Islamic education within strategic management framework related to teaching-learning process both in formal and non- formal schools. The aim is to fortify students so that they will keep holding onto Qur’an, Hadits, Ijma’ and Qiyas in this global era. Core concept of the strategic management in Islamic education is indeed still novel. Therefore, it is expected that this article can be used in broader area of Islamic education. Moreover, it is also hoped that it will positively affect resources allotment effectiveness in order to achieve the objective of national education. One way is through SWOT analysis, so that institutions of the Islamic education will be able to produce well-qualified graduates who play significant roles in society.