bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology-based strategy for screening active compounds and significant pathways of huachansu capsule on cancerous pain.
Authors: Cao Luchang , Wang Xinmiao , Li Jie
Published: June 2024

e24054

Background: Cancerous pain (CP) is a troublesome symptom which can not be adequately controlled. It is reported by several clinical studies that Huachansu can help to relieve CP. However, its mechanism is unclear. In this study, we try to use network pharmacology to explore the underlying mechanism of Huachansu capsule (a capsule form of Huachansu) in the treatment of CP. Methods: Firstly, we collected Huachansu capsule’s active compounds from the literature. And then DrugBank and SwissTargetPrediction were used to obtain the drug targets. Genecards, OMIM, Drugbank, CTD, TTD and DisGeNET were used to gather CP-related genes. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was applied to construct the PPI network. The candidate genes were screened according to betweenness centrality (BC), closeness centrality (CC), degree centrality (DC) and local average connectivity (LAC). A PPI enrichment analysis was performed by MCODE. GO and KEGG analysis were carried out by Metascape. Results: In this study, we collected 11 active compounds and 235 CP-related targets of Huachansu capsule. Go analysis showed that the main related-biological functions included immune response, cytokine-mediated signaling, hypoxia. The main related-KEGG pathways included MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, erbB, Chemokine, TNF, HIF-1, toll-like receptor, PI3K-Akt, cAMP and NF-Kappa B signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study provides a systematic view of the polypharmacological characteristics of Huachansu capsule for pain treatment. Nevertheless, it still need to be verified by in vitro or in vivo studies.
Body and mind and self-consciousness awareness workshops: Improving quality of life in patients with cancer.
Authors: Levy Bar , Margalit Fraidy , Shachar Eliya , Adar Lyri , Pantovitz Lee , Rahmian Shani , Shani Omer , Wolf Ido , Safra Tamar
Published: June 2024

e24081

Background: Cancer patients, commonly experience disease and treatment related stress, anxiety and difficulties coping with life. Data suggests that body and mind are interrelated and can influences patients' quality of life (QOL). Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of patients body and mind work developing self consciousness awareness and changing behavioral patterns of women’s cancer patients, on quality of life and coping abilities. By evaluation of QOL, sleep disorders and anxiety tests done during and following our workshop. Methods: The study conducted at the Women's Cancer Center of Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center in Tel Aviv Israel between 2022-2024. Female cancer patients and survivors, were enrolled in workshops teaching self consciousness awareness development according to the Metaism methodology. Each workshop with groups of 10-15 patients was conducted weekly for three months, The groups were led by dedicated moderators and supervised by a psychiatrist. Patients completed a validated QOL questionnaire, sleep disorder evaluation and anxiety questionnaires, upon enrollment and every month during the workshop and up to a year from completion of the workshop. Results: one-hundred and twofemale patients diagnosed with cancer and treated at multiple cancer centers were included in the study. Patient mean age was 57 (26-75) years. Patient diagnoses included breast, ovarian, uterine, cervical, and other cancers (58%, 22%, 7%, 5%, respectively). Significant improvement was observed in the QOL assessment at the 5th week of the workshop, overall educational well-being indicator at the 3rd week of the workshop, emotional well being at the 3rd week of the workshop, physical well-being at the end of follow up. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that integrating the metaism methodology of self consciousness awareness development workshops significantly improved patient coping ability and QOL. Further investigation of larger cohorts is warranted.
A qualitative analysis on the awareness of surrogacy as an alternative parenting option for people diagnosed with cancer.
Authors: Steckler Alexa M. , Dizon Don S. , Higel-Mcgovern Camille , Duffy Christine Mary
Published: June 2024

e24097

Background: ASCO guidelines recommend counseling about the impact of cancer treatment on fertility, preservation options, and referral to a reproductive specialist when indicated. However, other family-building options, such as surrogacy have not been specifically included in the guidance. Very little has been reported on counseling and use of surrogacy among people treated for cancer despite it being a viable option for parenthood in those with cancer-induced infertility. Objective: The Counseling and Use of Surrogacy Among Cancer Survivors (CUSACS) is aimed to be the first nationwide survey to examine the proportion of patients who received surrogacy information as part of fertility counseling at diagnosis, as well as interest and participation in surrogacy. As part of survey development, we conducted qualitative interviews and here, we report the thematic analysis from those conversations. Methods: We created an internet-based REDCap survey on fertility and surrogacy counseling and vetted it with four national cancer organizations: Young Survival Coalition (YSC), Cervivor, the Chick Mission, and For the Breast of Us. We conducted 17 survivor interviews from these organizations focusing on survey content, language, and usability. Authors analyzed interview transcripts separately and through consensus. Results: Three major themes emerged with representative quotes in Table 1: Identity, Self-sufficiency, and Regret. Iterative changes were made to the survey to incorporate feedback. Conclusions: Survivor interviews provided insight into important themes regarding fertility and surrogacy counseling. Our survey will be distributed through the partnering organizations and will be the first national survey to explore surrogacy counseling at cancer diagnosis. [Table: see text]
Optimizing patient (pt) care through pt-focused resources to prevent and manage hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR).
Authors: Patel Meera , Patel Arti , Silva Ana Cinthia Gonçalves , Merchant Pooja S. , Dayaram Yaswant K.
Published: June 2024

e24144

Background: Research has shown that pts and caregivers (non-HCPs) seek medical and disease-related information more than once a month, and this has accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they find it difficult to understand the information they receive and thus, can be misinformed. By understanding the use of fair-balanced medical information (MI) resources by non-HCPs, pharmaceutical companies can develop scientifically accurate yet pt-friendly resources to meet their needs (Goettner, 2022; Rai, 2022). Upon reviewing the unsolicited oncology inquiries received by our MI department, approximately 25% of inquiries were from non-HCPs seeking information. Over the past 3 years, non-HCPs have submitted almost 10,000 inquiries regarding our oncology products, in which 191 inquiries were specifically regarding HFSR and regorafenib and sorafenib. Historically, our MI department responded to non-HCP inquiries by sharing the product label information. However, we identified an unmet need for trustworthy, comprehensive, and accurate pt resources in plain language. Methods: A full literature review was performed, and the relevant data were summarized in plain language for pts. Both HCPs and pts participated in developing the global pt resource on the prevention and management of HFSR for regorafenib and sorafenib. The seven-page interactive brochure was written in 4th to 6th grade reading level which included images and graphics to enhance the understanding of data, easy navigation to the content of interest, and glossary to define key terms. Furthermore, these materials were translated for pts who participated in the regorafenib and sorafenib Patient Support Program in Brazil to further educate and support pts who have started therapy. Results: As of June 2023, the global pt medical resource has been deployed 28 times in Brazil, delivering key information to non-HCPs on their disease and treatment while emphasizing its practical utility and addressing health literacy challenges. We collected feedback from pts who utilized the translated material, and they described it to be “informative” and “helpful” since it empowered them to effectively navigate and address HFSR-associated discomforts during their treatment journey. The feedback has also been utilized to further enhance the resource’s feasibility. Conclusions: The pt feedback on the brochures showcases the value of pt-focused approach in oncology and the positive impact of collective efforts across all stakeholders including pts, pharmaceutical MI departments and pt programs. Furthermore, it demonstrates how MI can bridge the gap between pt insights and clinical knowledge by addressing their needs and providing practical and trustworthy tools. Not only does this initiative enhance pt understanding but also empowers pts to take a more active role in their treatment and fosters shared-decision making.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI): From cancer killers to electrolyte disruptors.
Authors: Sampat Parth J. , Desai Devashish , Shahnawaz Myera , Ghelani Ghanshyam H. , Kallem Mansi , Ramovic-Zobic Merima
Published: June 2024

e24146

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. Cancer patients, especially lung cancer (LCa), are at an increased risk of developing electrolyte imbalance due to several etiologies such as poor nutrition, paraneoplastic syndromes, etc. It is vital to address electrolyte disturbances with the use of ICIs. Objective: The study aims to understand the relationship between ICIs and electrolyte disturbance in LCa patients. Methods: TrinetX, a global federated research network, provides a dataset of electronic medical records from different healthcare organizations (HCOs), was utilized. Initial query was made to isolate patients with LCa stages 2-4. The 2 groups were based on the presence or absence of IO (atezolizumab, durvalumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab). Further, propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to match age, sex, race, chronic kidney disease, diarrhea. Compare outcome analytic function was utilized to map the co-relation with electrolyte imbalance. Results: 41,818 patients were identified, out of which 12.37% (n = 5172) patients received immunotherapy at some point in their cancer treatment. There was no statistical difference in age (65.9 ± 10.3 vs 65.9 ± 11.3, p = 0.8608) as well as gender in both groups. Caucasians (69% vs 66% for Causians (p < 0.0001)) were the predominant race in both groups and were more likely to receive immunotherapy compared to African Americans (12% vs 14% in AA (p = 0.0004)). Diarrhea (30% vs 9%, p < 0.0001) and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (18% vs 8%, p < 0.0001) were predominantly seen in IO group. Prior to matching, hypomagnesemia (HypoMg) (10.47% vs 5.85%, p < 0.0001), hypocalcemia(HypoCa) (3.36% vs 2.03%, p < 0.0001), hypokalemia (HypoK) (16.91% vs 11.02%, p < 0.0001), hyperkalemia (HyperK) (7.69% vs 4.88%, p < 0.0001), hyponatremia (HypoNa) (16.82% vs 10.66%, p < 0.0001) and hypercalcemia (HyperCa) (5.26% vs 3.05%, p < 0.0001) were seen higher in IO group while hypermagnesemia (HyperMg) (2.04% vs 2.62%, p = 0.0150) was more seen in the non IO group, with no significant difference in hypernatremia (HyperNa) (2.34% vs 1.95%, p = 0.0634). After PSM, HypoMg (10.48% vs 7.01%, p < 0.0001), HypoK (16.92% vs 12.64%, p < 0.0001), HyperK (7.69% vs 6.26%, p = 0.0060), HypoNa (16.80% vs 11.56%, p < 0.0001) and HyperCa (5.26% vs 3.06%, p < 0.0001) were seen more in IO group, while HyperMg (2.04% vs 2.67%, p = 0.0399) was higher in non IO and there was no significant difference for HypoCa (3.36% vs 2.77, p = 0.0829) and HyperNa (2.34% vs 1.89%, p = 0.1135). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that there is correlation between ICI use and electrolyte imbalance. Providers should be vigilant about the potential electrolyte abnormalities when treating patients with ICI therapy.
Safety and efficacy of interleukin-6 blockade for immune-related adverse events: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Vilbert Maysa , Koch Hein Erica C. , Madeira Thiago , Michelon Isabella , N. Priantti Jonathan , Lobo Matheus , Dacoregio Maria Inez , Castro Caio , Cavalcante Ludimila , Wu Chia-Yun , Rouhani Sherin Juliet , Merkin Ross D , Sullivan Ryan J. , Reynolds Kerry Lynn
Published: June 2024

e24149

Background: Interleukin-6 blockade (IL-6) - tocilizumab and sarilumab - have shown promising results for steroid-refractory immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, the ideal scenario for IL-6 therapy use is not well established. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of IL-6 blockade for patients with ICI-associated irAEs. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies including at least five patients with ICI-associated irAEs treated with IL-6 blockade. The main outcomes were safety and efficacy, measured as clinical improvement (resolution or improvement of irAEs or steroid taper to < 10mg daily), C-reactive protein (CRP) level changes, and elevated IL-6 levels. Analyses using random-effects model were done in R Software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Results: Eight studies with 202 patients were included: 1 clinical trial, 3 multicenter, and 4 single-center observational studies. The median age was 63 years (30-81), and 59% were male. Melanoma was the predominant tumor type (n = 78, 38.6%), followed by lung (n = 67, 33%), renal cell carcinoma (n = 21, 10%), bladder cancer (n = 12, 6%), and others. Monotherapy with ICI, targeting PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4, was given to 77% of patients, while 23% had combination ICI therapy. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 23 months. Most patients received prior steroids (85%) or steroid-sparing immunosuppression (24%). Pooled analysis of all patients showed an overall clinical improvement rate of 87.9% (95%CI 78.7 to 95.1, I2= 44%). Clinical improvement with IL-6 blockade was significantly higher in patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS, 100%) and rheumatic irAEs (88%) compared to other irAEs (p < 0.01, Table 1). At the time of irAEs, the median CRP level was 109.3 (11.5 to 233), which decreased to 17 (1 to 60) after IL-6 blockade. The frequency of baseline elevated IL-6 level was 90.6% (95%CI 68 to 100, I2= 80%). Grade 3 or 4 IL-6-related adverse events were reported in 11% (17/151) of patients and included neutropenia (n = 6), increased liver transaminase levels (n = 4), and gastrointestinal perforation (n = 2). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence for the use of IL-6 blockade for steroid-treating refractory irAEs associated with ICI. The vast majority of patients with steroid-refractory CRS and rheumatic irAEs were successfully treated with anti-IL6 therapy.[Table: see text]
Cardiac Dysfunction Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Role of Cardiotoxic Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Bostany Geoffrey , Chen Yanjun , Francisco Liton , Dai Chen , Meng Qingrui , Sparks Jessica , Sessions Min , Nabell Lisle , Stringer-Reasor Erica , Khoury Katia , Lenneman Carrie , Keene Kimberly , Armenian Saro , Landier Wendy , Bhatia Smita
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE

Cardiac dysfunction is the leading cause of mortality among 10-year breast cancer survivors. Limited information regarding long-term risks of cardiac dysfunction after cardiotoxic therapy (anthracyclines, trastuzumab/pertuzumab, radiation) has precluded development of surveillance guidelines for the survivors.

METHODS

Patients with breast cancer who completed cardiotoxic therapy underwent echocardiographic screening every 2 years. New-onset cardiac dysfunction was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% after cardiotoxic therapy initiation and included early- and late-onset cardiac dysfunction.

RESULTS

We evaluated 2,808 echocardiograms in 829 breast cancer survivors; the median age at breast cancer diagnosis was 54.2 years (range, 20.3-86.3); the median follow-up was 8.6 years (1.8-39.8); 39.7% received anthracyclines, 16% received trastuzumab/pertuzumab, 6.2% received both anthracyclines and trastuzumab/pertuzumab, and 38.1% received radiation alone. The cumulative incidence of cardiac dysfunction increased from 1.8% at 2 years to 15.3% at 15 years from cardiotoxic therapy initiation. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified the following risk factors: non-Hispanic Black race (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15 [95% CI], 1.37 to 3.38), cardiotoxic therapies (anthracyclines: HR, 2.35 [95% CI, 1.25 to 4.4]; anthracyclines and trastuzumab/pertuzumab: HR, 3.92 [95% CI, 1.74 to 8.85]; reference: left breast radiation alone), selective estrogen receptor modulators (HR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2 to 3.33]), and precancer hypertension (HR, 3.16 [95% CI, 1.63 to 6.1]). Late-onset cardiac dysfunction was most prevalent among anthracycline- and radiation-exposed patients; early-onset cardiac dysfunction was most prevalent among patients exposed to anthracyclines and trastuzumab/pertuzumab; equal prevalence of both early- and late-onset cardiac dysfunction was observed in trastuzumab-/pertuzumab-exposed patients. Adjusted longitudinal analyses revealed an annual decline in LVEF by 0.29% (
P
= .009) over 20 years from breast cancer diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

These findings provide evidence to support echocardiographic surveillance for several years after cardiotoxic therapy and also suggest a need to examine the efficacy of management of cardiovascular risk factors to mitigate risk.
Multidisciplinary Management of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase–Mutated Gliomas in a Contemporary Molecularly Defined Era
Authors: Kotecha Rupesh , Schiff David , Chakravarti Arnab , Fleming Jessica L. , Brown Paul D. , Puduvalli Vinay K. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Gondi Vinai , Gallus Marco , Okada Hideho , Mehta Minesh P.
Published: June 2024

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes, an early step in the ontogeny of lower-grade gliomas, induce global epigenetic changes characterized by a hypermethylation phenotype and are critical to tumor classification, treatment decision making, and estimation of patient prognosis. The introduction of IDH inhibitors to block the oncogenic neomorphic function of the mutated protein has resulted in new therapeutic options for these patients. To appreciate the implications of these recent IDH inhibitor results, it is important to juxtapose historical outcomes with chemoradiotherapy. Herein, we rationally evaluate recent IDH inhibitor data within historical precedents to guide contemporary decisions regarding the role of observation, maximal safe resection, adjuvant therapies, and the import of patient and tumor variables. The biological underpinnings of the IDH pathway and the mechanisms, impact, and limitations of IDH inhibitors, the actual magnitude of tumor regression and patient benefit, and emergence of resistance pathways are presented to guide future trial development. Management in the current, molecularly defined era will require careful patient selection and risk factor assessment, followed by an open dialog about the results of studies such as INDIGO, as well as mature data from legacy trials, and a discussion about risk-versus-benefit for the choice of treatment, with multidisciplinary decision making as an absolute prerequisite.
International Hackathon as a Tool to Augment Education, Collaboration, and Innovation in Global Neurosurgery
Authors: Razak Shahaan S. , West Timothy R. , Tunsiricharoengul Sasha , Nair-Kanneganti Aparna , Perez Nicole A. , Mazurek Mercy H. , Gal Zsombor , Duvall Julia B. , Rigney Grant H. , Cerda Ivo H. , Morcos Mary M. , Keay Emma , Hernández Alejandra Silva , Lawton Michael T. , Nahed Brian V. , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Health care providers' exposure to global surgical disparities is limited in current nursing and/or medical school curricula. For instance, global health is often associated with infectious diseases or maternal health without acknowledging the growing need for surgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We propose an international virtual hackathon based on neurosurgical patient cases in under-resourced settings as an educational tool to bring awareness to global surgical disparities and develop relationships among trainees in different countries.

METHODS:

Participants were recruited through email listservs, a social media campaign, and prize offerings. A 3-day virtual hackathon event was administered, which included workshops, mentorship, keynote panels, and pitch presentations to judges. Participants were presented with real patient cases and directed to solve a barrier to their care. Surveys assessed participants' backgrounds and event experience. The hackathon was executed through Zoom at Harvard Innovation Lab in Boston, MA, on March 25 to 27, 2022. Participants included medical students, with additional participants from business, engineering, or current health care workers.

RESULTS:

Three hundred seven applications were submitted for 100 spots. Participants included medical students, physicians, nurses, engineers, entrepreneurs, and undergraduates representing 25 countries and 82 cities. Fifty-one participants previously met a neurosurgeon, while 39 previously met a global health expert, with no difference between LMIC and high-income countries' respondents. Teams spent an average of 2.75 hours working with mentors, and 88% of postevent respondents said the event was “very” or “extremely conducive” to networking. Projects fell into 4 categories: access, language barriers, education and training, and resources. The winning team, which was interdisciplinary and international, developed an application that analyzes patient anatomy while performing physical therapy to facilitate remote care and clinical decision-making.

CONCLUSION:

An international virtual hackathon can be an educational tool to increase innovative ideas to address surgical disparities in LMICs and establish early collaborative relationships with medical trainees from different countries.
Η τεχνοεπιστήμη ως σύστημα ή μεγαδομή: ένα σχόλιο στο βιβλίο Το Τεχνικό Σύστημα του Jacques Ellul
Authors: Δαγκλής Ηλίας
Published: June 2024

Η παρούσα μελέτη αποτελεί ένα σχόλιο στο βιβλίο Το Τεχνικό Σύστημα του Jacques Ellul. Ειδικότερα, αναλύεται ο τρόπος με τον οποίο η Επιστήμη και η Τεχνολογία επιδρούν στη σύγχρονη κοινωνία, η έννοια της Τεχνικής ως διαμεσολάβησης, καθώς και το πώς η Τεχνική κυριαρχεί και καθορίζει το μέλλον μιας ελεύθερης κοινωνίας. Τέλος, προσεγγίζονται διεξοδικά τα πλεονεκτήματα της τεχνολογικής προόδου αλλά και οι αλλοιώσεις που επιφέρει στη δομή του κοινωνικού ιστού, καθώς και τα προσκόμματα που φέρει στην ελεύθερη διαμόρφωση και ανάπτυξη της προσωπικότητας του ατόμου.
Reliability of ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength, rate of force development, and tibialis anterior electromyography after stroke
Authors: Olsen Sharon , Taylor Denise , Niazi Imran Khan , Mawston Grant , Rashid Usman , Alder Gemma , Stavric Verna , Nedergaard Rasmus Bach , Signal Nada
Published: June 2024

Background Measures of hemiparetic ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength and rate of force development (RFD) are often used to determine the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions after stroke. However, evidence supporting the reliability of these measures is limited. This brief report provides a secondary analysis investigating the between-session reliability of isometric ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength, rate of force development (RFD), and tibialis anterior electromyography (TA EMG), in people with chronic stroke. Method Participants (n=15) completed three maximal isometric contractions of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles as fast as possible using a rigid dynamometer. Tests were repeated seven days later. Outcomes included ankle dorsiflexor isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), RFD in the first 200ms (RFD200ms), time to reach 90% MVC, and peak TA EMG. Data were analysed for 13 participants using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of the measure percentage (SEM%). Results Reliability was higher when analysing the mean of three trials rather than the best of three trials. There was excellent reliability for isometric dorsiflexor MVC (ICC 0.97 [95% CI 0.92, 0.99], SEM% 7%). However, for other outcomes, while the ICC indicated good reliability, the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of the ICC fell in the moderate range for TA EMG (ICC 0.86 [95% CI 0.60, 0.96], SEM% 25%) and time to reach 90% MVC (ICC 0.8 [95% CI 0.53, 0.93], SEM% 23%) and in the poor range for dorsiflexor RFD200ms (ICC 0.79 [95% CI 0.48, 0.92], SEM% 24%). Conclusion The findings raise concerns about the reliability of measures of rapid force production in the dorsiflexor muscles after stroke. Given the functional significance of the ankle dorsiflexors, larger studies should be conducted to further investigate these concerns and explore reliable methods for measuring rapid force production in the hemiparetic dorsiflexor muscles.
A comprehensive review of energy efficient routing protocols for query driven wireless sensor networks
Authors: Bekal Punith , Kumar Pramod , Mane Pallavi R , Prabhu Ghanshyam
Published: June 2024

In this current era of communications and networking, The Internet of things plays the main role in the making of smart communication and networking. In this article, we have focused on the literature survey on wireless sensor networks which are energy efficient. Various standard protocols are reviewed along with some enhanced protocols which makes the network energy efficient. The comparison of the standard and enhanced protocols with respect to various applications in wireless sensor networks is thoroughly done in this article. The outcomes of the enhanced protocols are also briefly discussed. For easier analysis to future researchers, a comparative table which lists the enhanced protocols which are compared with standard counterparts along with the factors for energy efficiency of the protocols. This article also comments on the issues and challenges of the protocols which can be further analyzed for making the wireless sensor network more energy efficient.
A review of ultrasound contrast media
Authors: Oglat Ammar A.
Published: June 2024

Efforts have been made over the last five decades to create effective ultrasonic contrast media (UCM) for cardiac and noncardiac applications. The initial UCM was established in the 1980s, following publications from the 1960s that detailed the discovery of ultrasonic contrast enhancement using small gaseous bubbles in echocardiographic examinations. An optimal contrast agent for echography should possess the following characteristics: non-toxicity, suitability for intravenous injection, ability to traverse pulmonary, cardiac, and capillary circulations, and stability for recirculation. Definity, Optison, Sonazoid, and SonoVue are examples of current commercial contrast media. These contrast media have shown potential for various clinical reasons, both on-label and off-label. Several possible UCMs have been developed or are in progress. Advancements in comprehending the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of microbubbles have significantly improved the visualization of tumor blood vessels, the identification of areas with reduced blood supply, and the enhanced detection of narrowed blood vessels. Innovative advances are expected to enhance future applications such as ultrasonic molecular imaging and therapeutic utilization of microbubbles.
Profile and predictors of outcome for code blue cases in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore
Authors: Acharya Dr. Kashyapa , Radhakrishnan Dr. Jeedhu
Published: June 2024

Back ground Code Blue is a common emergency code used in cases of cardiac arrest in hospitals to alert trained emergency response teams. The use of codes is mainly to convey essential information quickly to staff while preventing misunderstandings and panic among hospital visitors. This study aimed to determine the profiles and outcomes of patients with activated code blue calls. Methods This retrospective record-based study included all patients who had a code blue declared in the year 2022. Data was collected from the patient files from medical records department and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results A total of 86 code blue calls were analyzed in this study. In terms of age distribution, the age group 60-80 years had the highest percentage of code blue cases. Code blue cases were more announced in males in the study (55.8%). For the announced code blue cases, it was identified that CPR if initiated by the staff on scene before the arrival of the code blue team had higher survival chance (60.0%). Asystole was the most common rhythm detected initially (66.3%) upon arrival of the code blue team. It was found that if the response time was lesser than 2 min, the patients had a higher chance of survival (53.3%). Conclusions In conclusion, CPR performed by a trained code blue team in a hospital can help improve outcomes. The initiation of bystander CPR has been proven to have favorable outcomes. Better training of staff can result in better outcomes.
Analyzing Molecular Traits of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Same Poultry Farm in West Java Province, Indonesia, in 2017 and 2023
Authors: Putra Muhammad Ade , Soebandrio Amin , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Nugroho Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho , Kurnia Ryan Septa , Silaen Otto Sahat Martua , Rizkiantino Rifky , Indrawati Agustin , Poetri Okti Nadia , Krisnamurti Desak Gede Budi
Published: June 2024

Background Indonesia is one of the countries that is endemic to avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. This study aims to compare the molecular characteristics of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 from West Java. Methods Specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs were used to inoculate samples. RNA extraction and RT–qPCR confirmed the presence of H9 and N2 genes in the samples. RT–PCR was employed to amplify the H9N2-positive sample. Nucleotide sequences were obtained through Sanger sequencing and analyzed using MEGA 7. Homology comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis, utilizing the neighbor-joining tree method, assessed the recent isolate’s similarity to reference isolates from GenBank. Molecular docking analysis was performed on the HA1 protein of the recent isolate and the A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017 isolate, comparing their interactions with the sialic acids Neu5Ac2-3Gal and Neu5Ac2-6Gal. Results RT–qPCR confirmed the isolate samples as AIV subtype H9N2. The recent virus exhibited 11 amino acid residue differences compared to the A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017 isolate. Phylogenetically, the recent virus remains within the h9.4.2.5 subclade. Notably, at antigenic site II, the recent isolate featured an amino acid N at position 183, unlike A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017. Molecular docking analysis revealed a preference of HA1 from the 2017 virus for Neu5Ac2-3Gal, while the 2023 virus displayed a tendency to predominantly bind with Neu5Ac2-6Gal. Conclusion In summary, the recent isolate displayed multiple mutations and a strong affinity for Neu5Ac2-6Gal, commonly found in mammals.
Case series: Management and outcomes of five cases of blunt and open pancreatic trauma
Authors: Belhadj Anis , Saidani Ahmed , Touati Med Dheker , Khefacha Fahd , Ben Othmane Mohamed Raouf , Bouzid Ahmed , Chebbi Faouzi
Published: June 2024

Introduction Pancreatic trauma is notably less frequent than injuries affecting other solid organs, such as the liver or spleen. Despite their infrequency, pancreatic injuries can pose significant risks, with mortality rates ranging from 5 to 30% and morbidity rates reaching 50%. Managing such injuries remains contentious because of the anatomical complexity, lesion extent, and close proximity to neighboring organs. Methods Our study aimed to delineate the clinical and biological characteristics of pancreatic trauma and specify diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This study was conducted retrospectively from 2010 to 2021 at Mahmoud El Matri Hospital’s General Surgery Department in Ariana, TUNISIA, and included five cases of blunt and open pancreatic trauma. Results Although rare, pancreatic injuries can lead to serious consequences, prompting the development of a diverse array of therapeutic options. Pancreatic trauma presents a complex clinical challenge, necessitating a comprehensive approach that considers various factors, such as injury severity, anatomical location, and patient condition. Advanced imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT) scanning, Wirsung-MRI, and ERCP, aid in the accurate diagnosis and assessment of canal involvement. Conservative management was considered for cases with limited canal rupture, whereas endoscopic treatments showed promise for hemodynamically stable cases. Surgical interventions, such as duodenopancreatectomy, are reserved for exceptional cases with severe injuries. Conclusion Pancreatic trauma requires a comprehensive approach that considers factors such as injury severity, anatomical location, and patient condition. Ongoing research and collaboration are vital for refining pancreatic trauma management and proposing guidelines for facilitating decision-making.
Application of the combined problem-based learning and case-based learning teaching in urinalysis course of diagnostics
Authors: Guo Qunying , Ke Weijian , Zeng Zixia , Liu Juan , Chen Meilan , Qiu Qian , Xue Ruicong , Su Chang , Tan Niandi , Wang Haiyan , Li Bin , Li Junxun , Yang Daya , Zhou Yanbin , Xiao Haipeng , Chen Weiying
Published: June 2024

Background Traditional lecture-based teaching is the most commonly used approach in Chinese medical curricula. Novel teaching methods that are more educationally effective and academically satisfactory are warranted. Problem-based Learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) have been widely researched and utilized worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of combined PBL and CBL methods in second-year undergraduate students in the nephrology experiment module of the Medical Diagnostics course. Methods We enrolled 150 second-year clinical medicine students from the First Clinical College of Sun Yat-sen University. Participants were assigned to either the PBL or CBL combined group (92 students, two classes) or the traditional group (58 students, one class) for a Urine Analysis course. The learning effects were compared through a post-class quiz, and student evaluations and perceptions of PBL and CBL methods were gathered via an anonymous questionnaire. Results The combined PBL and CBL group outperformed the traditional lecture group, with significantly higher post-class quiz scores (P<0.001). Regarding acceptance and perception, 67.4% found PBL-CBL to be more acceptable, 78.3% believed it stimulated critical thinking, 82.6% agreed that it enhanced practicaleth abilities, and 83.7% believed it led to better learning outcomes. Regarding open feedback, 51.1% appreciated its clinical connection, 34.8% recognized its effectiveness, 32.6% found it novel and interesting, and 30.4% noted positive learning encouragement. Conclusion The PBL-CBL binding mode is a feasible and effective teaching mode, which can help improve both medical teaching quality and academic satisfaction of students.
Memorializing Women on the Move: A register of migrant women landmarks in Europe
Authors: Ojala-Fulwood Maija , Miyamoto Bénédicte , Ruiz Marie , Martins Heidi , Bakas Fiona Eva , Čapská Veronika , Pirita Frigren , Prosinger Lívia , Lyman Igor , Konstantinova Victoria
Published: June 2024

This dataset was developed by COST Action 19112 Women on the Move (WEMov), which engages in unveiling women migrants' presence and participation in the construction of Europe. The dataset was built as a register of toponyms and monuments in the political and public landscape in Europe – such as street names, school names and parks, as well as statues and memorials – that celebrate women migrants. With the dataset we want to discover how women migrants are remembered and what kind of landmarks present these individuals who have had an episode of migration for a variety of reasons. Moreover, our aim is to make these landmarks and the stories of women migrants visible by presenting the results of the dataset in an interactive map on our website. At the moment, the dataset includes 1000 landmarks. The collection of data was based on voluntary work of scholars and students from over 40 different European countries. We have aimed for broad geographical coverage; however, some areas are better represented than others due the nature of data collection. The collection of data is an ongoing process and therefore the dataset in Nakala repository, to which this data note refers, presents the situation in July 2023. Updated versions of the dataset will be made available in Nakala and we will download new landmarks to our interactive map on a regular basis. The selected landmarks and migrant trajectories feature cross-community or cross-cultural migration. They show both typical and exceptional forms of mobility and present women of different age, profession, social status and migration status. This intersectionality of the project and the dataset highlights not only the richness of these landmarks and their value for scholarship but also the wide spectrum of migrant women and their contribution to society.
Lockbox enrichment facilitates manipulative and cognitive activities for mice
Authors: Hohlbaum Katharina , Andresen Niek , Mieske Paul , Kahnau Pia , Lang Benjamin , Diederich Kai , Palme Rupert , Mundhenk Lars , Sprekeler Henning , Hellwich Olaf , Thöne-Reineke Christa , Lewejohann Lars
Published: June 2024

Background Due to the lack of complexity and variety of stimuli, conventional housing conditions of laboratory mice do not allow these animals to fully express their behavioral repertoire, including manipulative and cognitive activities. Therefore, we designed mechanical puzzles, so-called lockboxes, for mice that can be provided in their home cages. We investigated the impact of the lockbox enrichment on their phenotype and affective state when compared to conventional housing and super-environmental enrichment. Methods Young adult female C57BL/6JCrl mice were examined before and after 2-month exposure to the different types of enrichment in a phenotyping test battery, including tests for trait and state anxiety-related behavior, calorimetric measurements, body weight measurements, and the analysis of stress hormone metabolite concentrations as well as sequential problem-solving abilities. At the end of the study, adrenal gland weights were determined and pathohistological evaluation was performed. For all continuous variables, the relative variability was calculated. Results We demonstrated that lockbox enrichment decreased trait anxiety-related behavior compared to conventional housing in the Grid Exploratory Paradigm. In contrast, the different types of enrichment neither influenced state anxiety-related behavior in the Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze Test nor physiological variables (i.e., bodyweight, resting metabolic rate, stress hormone metabolite concentrations, and adrenal gland weights). Lockbox enrichment improved sequential problem-solving when compared to super-environmental enrichment. Regardless of the housing condition, the relative variability increased in most variables over time, although the coefficient of variation decreased for some variables, especially in animals with access to the lockbox enrichment. A pathohistological evaluation revealed no evidence of toxicopathological effects associated with the material from which the lockbox enrichment was made. Conclusions Overall, the lockbox enrichment revealed beneficial effects on the affective state and sequential problem-solving abilities of laboratory mice. The reproducibility was demonstrated not to be compromised by lockbox enrichment, similar to super-environmental enrichment.
Bibliografías como apologías: Agustín Millares Carlo y los repertorios bibliográficos de Pinelo, Eguiara y Beristáin
Authors: Gordo Piñar Gemma
Published: June 2024

En este artículo se presentan las ediciones y estudios que Agustín Millares Carlo realizó de los repertorios bibliográficos de Antonio de León Pinelo, Juan José de Eguiara y Eguren y José María Beristáin de Souza, con el objetivo de rescatar y destacar el interés y dedicación de Millares por la bibliografía americana. A su vez, y a colación de estos repertorios, queremos ponderar el papel que jugaron en defensa de lo americano y lo español como respuesta a las críticas que, basadas en diferentes argumentos, se llevaron a cabo por parte de europeos en los siglos de dominación española.
Territorialidad, memoria y acción colectiva: Ulster como lugar en disputa a través del documental audiovisual
Authors: Limón López Pedro , Gago Antón Egoitz
Published: June 2024

El 10 de abril de 1998 se firmó en Belfast el denominado Acuerdo de Viernes Santo o acuerdo de Belfast, por parte de los gobiernos británico e irlandés, así como por los principales líderes políticos de Irlanda del Norte y fue aprobado en referéndum popular tanto en Irlanda del Norte como en la República de Irlanda, dando inicio al fin de un conflicto desarrollado en el Ulster durante tres décadas. El acuerdo, y sus posteriores modificaciones dan una importancia central a los aspectos simbólicos de la memoria a través de lugares de recuerdo. Este trabajo busca, a través del análisis simbólico y la simbología de la memoria, articulados tanto en el arte político desplegado en murales en la ciudad de Derry y Belfast, y de los testimonios presentados tanto en entrevistas como en documentos audiovisuales, analizar los procesos de reivindicación y contestación de los lugares de memoria vinculados a diferentes identidades políticas implicadas en el conflicto norirlandés, así como las diferentes herramientas de resignificación de la memoria colectiva del mismo y su importancia en el actual proceso de construcción de paz
Characteristics of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions in Children: A Retrospective Analysis in an Allergy Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Büyük Yaytokgil Şule , Vezir Emine
Published: June 2024

Objective: Confirmation of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) is crucial—as various nonallergic reactions, such as viral infections, in children can mimic such reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of children with suspected DHRs applying to an allergy outpatient clinic.

Material and Methods: This study involved children who visited our hospital’s pediatric allergy outpatient clinic between April 1 and December 31, 2023, with suspected DHRs . The data of patients analyzed retrospectively. Patient demographics, reaction characteristics, culprit drugs, diagnostic procedures (including skin and/or provocation tests), and final diagnoses were recorded.

Results: The study included 163 reactions of 140 patients with 176 suspected drugs. The median age was 7.7 years (interquartile range [IQR]; 5.1–12 years), with an equal gender distribution. Notably, 27.1% of the patients presented with concurrent atopic diseases. The median age at the onset of reaction was 72 months (IQR; 34.5–108 months), with 16% of reactions occurring within hospital settings and the remainder at home. Oral administration accounted for 84.7% of the reactions, with antibiotics being the most common culprit drug group (75.5%). Immediate reactions constituted 41.1% (n = 67) of reactions, while delayed reactions accounted for 58.9% (n = 96). Skin symptoms were predominant (97.5%). DHRs were excluded in 75.5% (n = 123) of reactions but confirmed by diagnostic drug allergy tests in 4.9% (n = 8).

Conclusion: A through evaluation of suspected DHRs in children is essential. Despite high suspicion rates, confirmation via diagnostic tests was low, emphasizing the need for referral to specialized clinics and appropriate diagnostics for accurate management.
Learning life skills
Authors: Barclay Meg
Published: June 2024

Meg Barclay, education consultant and early years reviewer for the School Library Association, reviews books which help children learn some of the key skills they will need later in life
Vascular endothelium, a promising target for effectively treating fulminant diquat intoxication?
Authors: Cen Xiang-Ying , Chen Yi , Xu Yong-An , Zhong Guang-Yao
Published: June 2024

Following the withdrawal of paraquat, diquat (DQ) has emerged as the predominant herbicide. When people come into contact with or ingest DQ, may lead to poisoning and potentially fatal outcomes. Reports suggest that the mortality of DQ poisoning can be as high as 50%. DQ poisoning can be categorized as mild, moderate or severe. In cases of severe poisoning, victims often succumb to multiple organ failure within 48 h. This presents a significant challenge in the clinical management. Scholars have discovered that oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, and cell apoptosis play crucial roles in the DQ poisoning. However, the underlying connection of the extensive organ damage remains unknown. The abnormal function and activity of endothelial cells (EC) should play a crucial role in tissue damage caused by DQ due to rich microcirculation and high sensitivity to perfusion in the vulnerable organs. However, reports on DQ-induced EC injury is rare. We made a significant discovery-the presence of severe vascular endothelial damage in the kidneys and lungs affected by DQ. Therefore, we hypothesize that DQ poisoning may be attributed to oxidative stress damage and cell apoptosis in EC, ultimately resulting in multiple organ failure.
Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor) of the upper lip: A case report
Authors: Chidzonga Midion Mapfumo , Mahomva Leonard , Zambuko Blessing , Muungani Welcome
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare. Most minor salivary gland tumors are malignant with benign tumors accounting for 18% of the tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor. Lip PA is uncommon with 9.8% occurring in the upper lip. We are adding on the knowledge of the rare upper lip PA (benign mixed tumor).

CASE SUMMARY

We report an upper lip PA (benign mixed tumor) in a 28-year-old man. His complaint was a painless swelling on the upper lip. A painless, non-tender, well-circumscribed, slightly mobile, sessile, nodular, and rubbery (in consistency) tumor measuring 5.0 cm x 2.0 cm was noted on the left side of his upper lip. The overlying skin was not fixed and of normal color. There was no ulceration, and palpation did not elicit pain or bleeding. There was no history of trauma. Blunt dissection was used to completely excise the nodular, whitish, and encapsulated tumor. Microscopy showed a well-circumscribed and partly encapsulated biphasic lesion, with large lobules of myxo-chondroid stroma and intervening cellular nodules of basaloid cells, well-formed tubules containing eosinic secretion, and nests of myoepithelial cells. A diagnosis of PA (benign mixed tumor) was confirmed.

CONCLUSION

Blunt dissection is indicated to preserve the cosmesis and function of the upper lip.