bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate Social Responsibility in Business-to-Business Markets: How Organizational Customers Account for Supplier Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement
Authors: Homburg Christian , Stierl Marcel , Bornemann Torsten
Published: July 2013

Despite the high relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in current business practice and the considerable research on CSR outcomes in consumer markets, investigations of its influence on organizational business relationships are scarce. Relying on instrumental stakeholder theory, the authors develop and empirically test a framework of the influence of a supplier's CSR engagement on organizational customer outcomes. Findings from an examination of 200 cross-industry supplier–customer dyads reveal positive effects of two facets of a supplier's CSR efforts on customer loyalty through distinct mechanisms. Business practice CSR fosters customers' trust, whereas philanthropic CSR strengthens customer–company identification. The authors distinguish a supplier's actual CSR engagement and customers' perception of these CSR activities. In addition, they consider central contingency factors reflecting uncertainty and dependence in business-to-business relationships that determine the effectiveness of CSR.
Similar Tendency to Strain-Induced Martensite Transformation in Different Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Surkialiabad Roohallah , Hedayati Ali
Published: July 2013

The formation of strain-induced martensite in metastable austenitic stainless steels depends on many parameters; the most well known and highly investigated of these is temperature. In this work, we suggest a new relationship between Md30/50, deformation temperature (DT), and martensite content based on data gathered from other studies and our experimental findings. For this purpose we rolled an AISI 304L stainless steel in different strains at 25°C, 0°C, and −15°C; then we characterized the steel via x-ray diffraction and Ferritescope studies to identify different phases and calculate their contents. According to the results, the relationship is as follows: If the delta value (DT − Md30/50) is the same for different austenitic stainless steels, they will form equal amounts of martensite under similar strain conditions. Moreover, both the delta value and the true strain have a strong effect on the formation of martensite.
Changes in Language Services Use by US Pediatricians
Authors: DeCamp Lisa Ross , Kuo Dennis Z. , Flores Glenn , O’Connor Karen , Minkovitz Cynthia S.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Access to appropriate language services is critical for ensuring patient safety and reducing the impact of language barriers. This study compared language services use by US pediatricians in 2004 and 2010 and examined variation in use in 2010 by pediatrician, practice, and state characteristics.

METHODS:

We used data from 2 national surveys of pediatricians (2004: n = 698; 2010: n = 683). Analysis was limited to postresidency pediatricians with patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). Pediatricians reported use of ≥1 communication methods with LEP patients: bilingual family member, staff, physician, formal interpreter (professional, telephone), and primary-language written materials. Bivariate analyses examined 2004 to 2010 changes in methods used, and 2010 use by characteristics of pediatricians (age, sex, ethnicity), practices (type, location, patient demographics), and states (LEP population, Latino population growth, Medicaid/Children’s Health Insurance Program language services reimbursement). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine adjusted odds of use of each method.

RESULTS:

Most pediatricians reported using family members to communicate with LEP patients and families, but there was a decrease from 2004 to 2010 (69.6%, 57.1%, P < .01). A higher percentage of pediatricians reported formal interpreter use (professional and/or telephone) in 2010 (55.8%) than in 2004 (49.7%, P < .05); the increase was primarily attributable to increased telephone interpreter use (28.2%, 37.8%, P < .01). Pediatricians in states with reimbursement had twice the odds of formal interpreter use versus those in nonreimbursing states (odds ratio 2.34; 95% confidence interval 1.24–4.40).

CONCLUSIONS:

US pediatricians’ use of appropriate language services has only modestly improved since 2004. Expanding language services reimbursement may increase formal interpreter use.
Polycaprolactone/α-Alumina and Hydroxyapatite-based Micro- and Nano- Structured Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Reyes-Lopéz Simón Y. , Alvarado-Tenorio Bonifacio , Romo-Uribe Ángel
Published: July 2013

The micro- and nanostructured phase behavior of non-woven hybrid electrospun fibers of Polycaprolactone (PCL-f), Polycaprolactone/α-Alumina (PCL/AA) and Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) were elucidated. Nanoparticles of Hydroxyapatite featured 7-20 nm while α-Alumina was 500 nm in average size. Analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Small-Angle Light Scattering (SALS), Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) enabled us to suggest a simple structural model for the series of hybrid fibers. PCL with a molecular weight of 70,000 g/mol was dissolved in chloroform. POM exhibited qualitative birefringent regions for all samples at the microscale level. Furthermore, polarized light distinguished between amorphous and micro-ordered structures along the fibers. On the other hand, SALS patterns suggested a needle-like morphology for all fibers. The influence of both, Hydroxyapatite and α-Alumina, was apparent in the SALS patterns of the PCL semicrystalline phase. Thermal analysis by DSC showed that the crystalline phase of PCL was disrupted by the presence of the inorganic nanoparticles. TEM micrographs showed that Hydroxyapatite and α-Alumina nanoparticles were embedded along the structure of PCL microfibers.
Superhydrophobicity-Enabled Interfacial Microfluidics on Textile
Authors: Xing Siyuan , Jiang Jia , Pan Tingrui
Published: July 2013

Capillary-driven microfluidics, utilizes the capillary force generated by fibrous hydrophilic materials (e.g., paper and cotton) to drive biological reagents, has been extended to various biological and chemical analyses recently. However, the restricted capillary-driving mechanism persists to be a major challenge for continuous and facilitated biofluidic transport. In this abstract, we have first introduced a new interfacial microfluidic transport principle to automatically and continuously drive three-dimensional liquid flows on a micropatterned superhydrophobic textile (MST). Specifically, the MST platform utilizes the surface tension-induced Laplace pressure to facilitate the liquid motion along the fibers, in addition to the capillary force existing in the fibrous structure. The surface tension-induced pressure can be highly controllable by the sizes of the stitching patterns of hydrophilic yarns and the confined liquid volume. Moreover, the fluidic resistances of various configurations of connecting fibers are quantitatively investigated. Furthermore, a demonstration of the liquid collection ability of MST has been demonstrated on an artificial skin model. The MST can be potentially applied to large volume and continuous biofluidic collection and removal.
A New Species of Ceraspis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), with a Key to the Colombian Species of the Genus
Authors: Mora-Aguilar Eder F , Delgado Leonardo , Vallejo Fernando
Published: July 2013

Ceraspis ajonjoli Mora-Aguilar, Delgado, and Vallejo, new species, from the Central Andes Mountains in Colombia is described and illustrated. Modifications of the Frey's key to species of this genus are provided to include this new species. A new key to separate the species of Ceraspis Lepeletier and Serville from Colombia is presented. The previously unknown male of Ceraspis ruehli Brenske is described and their genitalia are illustrated.
Reining in the Red Queen: the dynamics of adaptation and extinction reexamined
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. , Roopnarine Peter D.
Published: July 2013

One of the most enduring evolutionary metaphors is Van Valen's (1973) Red Queen. According to this metaphor, as one species in a community adapts by becoming better able to acquire and defend resources, species with which it interacts are adversely affected. If those other species do not continuously adapt to compensate for this biotically caused deterioration, they will be driven to extinction. Continuous adaptation of all species in a community prevents any single species from gaining a long-term advantage; this amounts to the Red Queen running in place. We have critically examined the assumptions on which the Red Queen metaphor was founded. We argue that the Red Queen embodies three demonstrably false assumptions: (1) evolutionary adaptation is continuous; (2) organisms are important agents of extinction; and (3) evolution is a zero-sum process in which living things divide up an unchanging quantity of resources. Changes in the selective regime need not always elicit adaptation, because most organisms function adequately under many “suboptimal” conditions and often compensate by demonstrating adaptive flexibility. Likewise, ecosystems are organized in such a way that they tend to be robust and capable of absorbing invasions and extinctions, at least up to a point. With a simple evolutionary game involving three species, we show that Red Queen dynamics (continuous adaptation by all interacting species) apply in only a very small minority of possible outcomes. Importantly, cooperation and facilitation among species enable competitors to increase ecosystem productivity and therefore to enlarge the pool and turnover of resources. The Red Queen reigns only under a few unusual circumstances.
Canopy‐Based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Sensors for Monitoring Cotton Nitrogen Status
Authors: Raper Tyson B. , Varco Jac J. , Hubbard Ken J.
Published: July 2013

Crop reflectance using ground‐based sensors has the potential to provide information on crop N status in real‐time. However, the unique physiological and structural characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) complicate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)‐based inferences on cotton N status. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) determine the sensitivity of selected sensors and resulting NDVI measurements to different levels of fertilizer N; (ii) determine relationships between sensors and biophysical measurements; and (iii) compare absolute NDVI readings reported by each sensor. Field trials were conducted during crop years conducted from 2008 through 2010 at Mississippi State, MS. Fertilizer N rates of 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha–1 were applied and replicated four times to establish N‐induced growth differences. Sensors used included the Yara N Sensor (Yara International ASA, Oslo, Norway), GreenSeeker (GS) Model 505 Optical Sensor Unit (NTech Industries, Inc., Ukiah, CA) and Crop Circle (CC) Model ACS‐210 (Holland Scientific, Inc., Lincoln, NE). Sensor readings failed to consistently predict cotton leaf N status before early flowering; however, plant height relationships with NDVIs were strong. Comparison of sensor response curves to fertilizer N resulted in no significant differences in slope values, although consistent, significant differences in y intercepts were noted beginning at early flowering and continuing through peak flowering. Greater accuracy in the detection of cotton leaf N status may require the utilization of an index which is less responsive to changes in plant height or canopy architecture. Furthermore, the magnitude of canopy reflectance‐based NDVI values differed across sensors.
Cost–effectiveness of telehealth in the management of chronic conditions
Authors: Hailey David , Yu Ping
Published: July 2013

Evaluation of: Henderson C, Knapp M, Fernández J-L
et al.
Cost effectiveness of telehealth for patients with long term conditions (Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth questionnaire study): nested economic evaluation in a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial.
BMJ
346, f1035 (2013).

Telehealth has the potential to improve the management of chronic health conditions but there are still limited data on its effectiveness and cost–effectiveness in routine practice. A questionnaire study nested within a pragmatic randomized controlled trial estimated costs and outcomes for management of patients in England who had heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or diabetes. Patients received telehealth support and usual care or usual care only. The study perspective was that of the health system. Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year of telehealth when added to usual care was £79,000. In this setting, telehealth had a low probability of being a cost-effective addition to standard care for patients with the chronic conditions.
Effects of CaO, Al2O3 and MgO on liquidus temperatures of copper smelting and converting slags under controlled oxygen partial pressures
Authors: Zhao B. , Hayes P. , Jak E.
Published: July 2013

Phase equilibria of silicate slags relevant to the copper smelting/converting
operations have been experimentally studied over a wide range of slag
compositions, temperatures and atmospheric conditions. Selected systems are
of industrial interest and fill the gaps in fundamental information required
to systematically characterise and describe copper slag chemistry. The
experimental procedures include equilibration of synthetic slag at high
temperatures, rapid quenching of resulting phases, and accurate measurement
of phase compositions using electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The
effects of CaO, Al2O3 and MgO on the phase equilibria of this slag system
have been experimentally investigated in the temperature range 1200 to 1300
oC and oxygen partial pressures between 10-5 and 10-9 atm. It was found that
spinel and silica are major primary phases in the composition range related
to copper smelting/converting slags. In addition, olivine, diopside and
pyroxene also appear at certain conditions. The presence of CaO, MgO and
Al2O3 in the slag increases the spinel liquidus and decreases the silica
liquidus. Liquidus temperatures in silica primary phase field are not
sensitive to Po2; Liquidus temperatures in spinel primary phase field
increase with increasing Po2. At 1300 oC and low Po2, the spinel
(Fe2+,Mg2+)O.(Al3+,Fe3+) primary phase field can be replaced by wustite
(Fe2+,Mg2+)O.
Attachment disorganization in different clinical groups: What underpins unresolved attachment?
Authors: Juen Florian , Arnold Lisa , Meissner Dominik , Nolte Tobias , Buchheim Anna
Published: July 2013

This paper summarizes findings and clinical implications of research on
attachment disorganization in diverse clinical groups.
Disorganized/unresolved attachment is overrepresented in these groups
compared to healthy control participants, but disorder specific
characteristics of this attachment pattern are still poorly understood. The
focus of this study was to explore defensive processes in participants whose
narratives were classified as disorganized/unresolved using the Adult
Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Besides the predominance of
disorganized attachment, clinical participants demonstrated more ?segregated
system material? especially in stories representing aloneness and more
?Personal Experience material? compared to healthy individuals. Within the
disorganized/ unresolved clinical individuals, BPD and PTSD patients showed
the highest proportion of attachment disorganization and were less able to
use other attachment-related defenses to maintain organized. Furthermore,
PTSD patients were emotionally overwhelmed by the projective attachment
scenes compared to the other clinical groups as indexed by an incapacity to
complete sections of the AAP. BPD and addicted patients were characterized by
a high degree of self-other boundary confusion. Depressive and schizophrenic
patients showed a high overall defensive intensity to remain organized.
Effect of adhesion boosters on indirect bracket bonding
Authors: Kanashiro Lylian Kazumi , Robles-Ruíz Julissa Janet , Ciamponi Ana Lidia , Medeiros Igor Studart , Dominguez Gladys Cristina , de Fantini Solange Mongelli
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To determine the influence of two adhesion boosters on shear bond strength and on the bond failure location of indirectly bonded brackets.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups (n  =  20), and their buccal faces were etched using 37% phosphoric acid. In group 1 (control), brackets were indirectly bonded using only Sondhi adhesive. In groups 2 and 3, the adhesion boosters Enhance Adhesion Booster and Assure Universal Bonding Resin, respectively, were applied before bonding with Sondhi. Maximum bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine, and the location of bond failure was evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < .05) was used to compare the shear bond strength among groups, and the differences in ARI scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether there was any correlation between bond strength and ARI scores.

Results:

The mean shear bond strength in group 3 was significantly higher (P < .01) than in the other groups. Evaluation of the locations of bond failure revealed differences (P < .05) among the three groups. There was a moderate correlation between bond strength and ARI scores within group 3 (r  =  0.5860, P < .01).

Conclusion:

In vitro shear bond strength was acceptable in all groups. The use of the Assure adhesion booster significantly increased both the shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets and the amount of adhesive that remained on the enamel after bracket debonding.
Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years
Authors: Bergman Robert T. , Waschak John , Borzabadi-Farahani Ali , Murphy Neal C.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To study the longitudinal changes in 19 soft tissue cephalometric traits (according to the Bergman cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis).

Materials and Methods:

Cephalograms and photographs of 40 subjects (20 male, 20 female, from the Burlington Growth Centre) that were obtained at ages 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years were used. Subjects were orthodontically untreated whites and had Class I dentoskeletal relationships (ideal overjet and overbite). Images were obtained with the lips in a relaxed position or lightly touching.

Results:

Three groups of soft tissue traits were identified: (1) traits that increased in size with growth (nasal projection, lower face height, chin projection, chin-throat length, upper and lower lip thickness, upper lip length, and lower lip–chin length); (2) traits that decreased in size with growth (interlabial gap and mandibular sulcus contour [only in females]); and (3) traits that remained relatively constant during growth (facial profile angle, nasolabial angle, lower face percentage, chin-throat/lower face height percentage, lower face–throat angle, upper incisor exposure, maxillary sulcus contour, and upper and lower lip protrusion).

Conclusion:

Current findings identify areas of growth and change in individuals with Class I skeletal and dental relationships with ideal overjet and overbite and should be considered during treatment planning of orthodontic and orthognathic patients.
Sleep Characteristics, Mental Health, and Diabetes Risk
Authors: Boyko Edward J. , Seelig Amber D. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Hooper Tomoko I. , Smith Besa , Smith Tyler C. , Crum-Cianflone Nancy F. ,   for the Millennium Cohort Study Team
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE

Research has suggested that a higher risk of type 2 diabetes associated with sleep characteristics exists. However, studies have not thoroughly assessed the potential confounding effects of mental health conditions associated with alterations in sleep.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We prospectively assessed the association between sleep characteristics and self-reported incident diabetes among Millennium Cohort Study participants prospectively followed over a 6-year time period. Surveys are administered approximately every 3 years and collect self-reported data on demographics, height, weight, lifestyle, features of military service, sleep, clinician-diagnosed diabetes, and mental health conditions assessed by the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire and the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version. Statistical methods for longitudinal data were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

We studied 47,093 participants (mean 34.9 years of age; mean BMI 26.0 kg/m2; 25.6% female). During 6 years of follow-up, 871 incident diabetes cases occurred (annual incidence 3.6/1,000 person-years). In univariate analyses, incident diabetes was significantly more likely among participants with self-reported trouble sleeping, sleep duration <6 h, and sleep apnea. Participants reporting incident diabetes were also significantly older, of nonwhite race, of higher BMI, less likely to have been deployed, and more likely to have reported baseline symptoms of panic, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression. After adjusting for covariates, trouble sleeping (odds ratio 1.21 [95% CI 1.03–1.42]) and sleep apnea (1.78 [1.39–2.28]) were significantly and independently related to incident diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Trouble sleeping and sleep apnea predict diabetes risk independent of mental health conditions and other diabetes risk factors.
Thermal Regeneration of Mineral Sorbent Using Burner Unit
Authors: Sekret Robert , Koldej Jan
Published: July 2013

This article presents the results of scientific investigations on the thermal regeneration process of a sorbent of mineral origin sorbent using a retort burner. Diesel oil, a petroleum liquid, most often pervades the environment during different catastrophes. The investigated sorbent of mineral origin was used in the standard way that the Fire Service removes such petroleum liquids from the environment during disasters. For research purposes, a regeneration chamber with a retort burner was constructed. The first phase of the investigation was aimed at defining the physico-chemical features of the sorbent after subsequent cycles of the regeneration process. The second phase involved an analysis of the energy and ecological effects of the regeneration process. The results showed that the first three cycles of the regeneration process occurred under low emission conditions. The proposed regeneration method achieved a positive energetic effect with a functional heat stream with an average value of 12.4 kW (average efficiency of the regeneration chamber was 68 %). The method is very efficient, with regeneration rates between 7.2 kg/h and 8.4 kg/h. It requires only a short amount of time for the start-up and extinction of the regeneration chamber, and it is also flexible to changes in the process conditions.
The academic rat race: Dilemmas and problems in the structure of academic competition
Authors: Landes Xavier , Marchman Martin , Nielsen Morten
Published: July 2013

The social benefits expected from academia are generally identified as belonging to three broad categories: research, education and contribution to society in general. However, evaluating the present situation of academia according to these criteria reveals a somewhat disturbing phenomenon: an increased pressure to produce articles (in peer-reviewed journals) has created an unbalanced emphasis on the research criterion at the expense of the latter two. More fatally, this pressure has turned academia into a rat race, leading to a deep change in the fundamental structure of academic behaviour, and entailing a self-defeating and hence counter-productive pattern, where more publications is always better and where it becomes increasingly difficult for researchers to keep up with the new research in their field. The article identifies the pressure to publish as a problem of collective action. It ends up by raising questions about how to break this vicious circle and restore a better balance between all three of the social benefits of academia.
Anwendungspotenzial des WSL-Monoplotting-Tools im Naturgefahrenmanagement
Authors: Conedera Marco , Bozzini Claudio , Scapozza Cristian , Rè Lorenza , Ryter Ueli , Krebs Patrik
Published: July 2013

Application potential of the WSL monoplotting tool for natural hazard management

Historical or present oblique terrestrial photographs documenting natural disasters are abundant in archives, may be easily shot nowadays, and often depict very informative details. In most cases, however, they can hardly be geo-referenced, what prevents a systematic and technical use of such material for analyzing and documenting the disaster-induced damage traces. The monoplotting software developed by the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Resarch (WSL) in Bellinzona has been conceived to meet these needs and allows georefer-encing and orthorectifying ordinary individual photographs in order to produce georeferenced vector data by drawing them directly on the pictures and exchanging them with traditional GIS-Systems. In the present contribution we report on the results of selected applications of the monoplotting tool showing the suitability of the tool for the geographical processing of historical and present natural events, which are difficult to map in the field.
Registration of ‘CPCL 05‐1791’ Sugarcane
Authors: Davidson R. Wayne , Zhao Duli , Comstock Jack C. , Sandhu Hardev S. , Glaz Barry , Edmé Serge J. , Sood Sushma , Gilbert Robert A. , Glynn Neil C. , Milligan Scott B. , Hu Chen-Jian
Published: July 2013

Development of ‘CPCL 05‐1791’ (Reg. No. CV‐156, PI 667555) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) is the latest in a series of commercial sugarcane cultivar releases originating from the United States Sugar Corporation (USSC) and completed by the cooperative Canal Point sugarcane breeding and selection program (CP program) which includes the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. CPCL 05‐1791, which was released in Florida on 20 Sept. 2012, was selected from a cross of CP 96‐1252 × CL 90‐4725 made at Clewiston, FL on 5 Dec. 2002. The male parent, CL 90‐4725, is a proprietary cultivar of USSC. CPCL 05‐1791 was released because of its high cane yield, moderate levels of commercial recoverable sucrose on mineral (sand) soils, and its resistance to smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea H. & P. Sydow), Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), and orange rust (caused by Puccinia kuehnii E.J. Butler), and its moderate resistance to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow) and leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilineans Ashby, Dowson). All of these diseases are of economic importance to sugarcane production in Florida.
Registration of ‘CPCL 05‐1102’ Sugarcane
Authors: Glaz Barry , Edmé Serge J. , Davidson R. Wayne , Zhao Duli , Comstock Jack C. , Sandhu Hardev S. , Glynn Neil C. , Gilbert Robert A. , Sood Sushma , McCorkle Katherine , Milligan Scott B. , Hu Chen-Jian
Published: July 2013

‘CPCL 05‐1102’ (Reg. No. CV‐157, PI 667556) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) is the product of research initiated by the United States Sugar Corporation (USSC) and completed cooperatively by the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. CPCL 05‐1102 was released to growers in Florida on 16 Oct. 2012. CPCL 05‐1102 was selected from a cross between the USSC proprietary cultivars CL 89‐5189 (female) and CL 88‐4730 (male) made at Clewiston, FL on 18 Dec. 2000. CL 89‐5189 was adapted to muck soils, where it was used only briefly in commercial plantings of USSC due to yield losses to ratoon stunt (caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli). CL 88‐4730 is widely used on commercial plantings of USSC, particularly on sand soils. CPCL 05‐1102 has acceptable resistance to leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilineans Ashby, Dowson), Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea Sydow & P. Sydow), orange rust (caused by Puccinia kuehnii E.J. Butler), and brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow). Bru1, a major gene for resistance to brown rust, was not detected in the DNA of CPCL 05‐1102. CPCL 05‐1102 has high cane and sucrose yields and excellent freeze tolerance and is expected to be used on muck soils in Florida.
Antibacterial and Herbicidal Activity of Ring-Substituted 3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides
Authors: Kos Jiri , Zadrazilova Iveta , Pesko Matus , Keltosova Stanislava , Tengler Jan , Gonec Tomas , Bobal Pavel , Kauerova Tereza , Oravec Michal , Kollar Peter , Cizek Alois , Kralova Katarina , Jampilek Josef
Published: July 2013

In this study, a series of twenty-two ring-substituted 3-hydroxy-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxanilides were prepared and characterized. The compounds were tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was also performed against four Staphylococcus strains and against two mycobacterial species. 3-Hydroxy-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide showed high biological activity (MIC = 55.0 µmol/L) against S. aureus as well as methicillin-resistant strains. N-(2-Fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide showed higher activity (MIC = 28.4 µmol/L) against M. marinum than the standard isoniazid and 3-hydroxy-N-(4-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide expressed higher activity (MIC = 13.0 µmol/L) against M. kansasii than the standard isoniazid. Cytotoxicity assay of effective antimicrobial compounds was performed using the human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line. The PET-inhibiting activity expressed by IC50 value of the most active compound 3-hydroxy-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide was 16.9 μmol/L. The structure-activity relationships of all compounds are discussed.
Preventive Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Bark Extract in OVX-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats
Authors: Lim Dong , Kim Jae , Lee Youngseok , Cha Seok , Kim Yun
Published: July 2013

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng), has been used as a powerful tonic herb with an impressive range of health benefits. This medicinal herb has been commonly used to treat bone metabolism diseases due to its traditional Korean medicine use to strengthen muscle and bone. This study was conducted to investigate prevention of bone loss by a standardized extract of dried E. senticosus stem bark in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. The OVX groups were divided into five groups treated with distilled water, 17β-estradiol (E2 10 μg/kg, once daily, i.p) and dried stem bark of E. senticosus extracts (DES 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, once daily, p.o) for eight weeks, respectively. After eight weeks of treatments, the femur bone mineral density of the 100 mg/kg DES-treated group was significantly higher than that of the OVX-control group (16.7%, p < 0.01) without affecting the body, organs, and uterus weights, and serum estradiol levels. Additionally, bone markers such as serum ALP, CTx, and OC levels were significantly decreased in the DES 100 mg/kg treated group. These results show that DES is able to prevent OVX-induced in bone loss without the influence of hormones such as estrogen.
Ce qu'acheter veut dire
Authors: Bernstein Elizabeth , Wirth Françoise
Published: July 2013

Si les féministes et d’autres chercheurs se sont interrogés de manière théorique sur l’objet exact de l’achat dans la transaction prostitutionnelle, se demandant si le sexe peut être « un service comme les autres », les réponses à ces questions n’ont guère été cherchées de manière empirique. L’article se fonde sur des observations de terrain et des entretiens avec des clients masculins de travailleuses du sexe et des agents des services publics chargés de la réglementation pour explorer la signification donnée à différents types d’échange sexuel commercial. Arrestation et rééducation de clients, saisie de véhicules, mise en place de lois plus strictes sur la prostitution des mineurs et la possession de pornographie pédophile sont autant de signes des efforts récemment déployés par les pouvoirs publics, aux États-Unis comme en Europe de l’Ouest, pour problématiser la sexualité masculine tandis que se développait une pratique de consommation sexuelle débridée : dans les pays développés, la demande de pornographie, de clubs de strip-tease, de lap-dancing, d’« escorts », de sexe téléphonique et de tourisme sexuel a explosé. Replacer l’échange de sexe tarifé dans le contexte plus large des transformations postindustrielles de la culture et de la sexualité permet de mieux appréhender ce paradoxe.
Comment lier l'économique et le social ?
Authors: Denord François , Rosental Paul-André
Published: July 2013

Vichy constitue un moment-clé de l’institutionnalisation de l’économie, du social et de la population comme catégories d’action publique. Mais si certaines instances d’expertise du régime ont suscité des monographies, la configuration institutionnelle d’ensemble n’a jamais été étudiée de manière systématique. Le foisonnement des institutions, contrebalancé par leurs nombreuses interconnexions, résulte d’une volonté d’organisation rationnelle. Les autorités de Vichy ont cherché à lier méthodiquement le local et le national, l’économique et le social, le privé et le public, le politique et le familial. Ces connexions mettent en évidence les réseaux engagés dans des processus collectifs dematuration et de diffusion d’idées. Elles obligent par ailleurs à prendre en compte les passerelles que certains individus multipositionnels construisent. La plupart d’entre eux échappent à l’épuration. L’analyse amène ainsi à reconsidérer la rupture de structures et de personnes intervenue entre Vichy et la Libération. Elle fait apparaître une permanence fonctionnelle dans l’architecture des canaux de circulation de l’information économique et sociale.
Lorsque la vie se termine au grand âge
Authors: Quignard Élisabeth
Published: July 2013

Comment donner sens aux situations de « long mourir » – aussi diverses que complexes – dans une société plus prompte à souligner le coût de la dépendance des plus âgés qu’à valoriser leur expérience ? La législation déjà existante sur la fin de vie apporte différents éléments de réponse : mieux vaudrait œuvrer activement à les faire connaître plutôt que d’introduire un droit à l’euthanasie qui fragiliserait encore la solidarité intergénérationnelle.
Le soignant et la standardisation des pratiques médicales
Authors: Azria Élie
Published: July 2013

L’ Evidence-based Medicine a été progressivement détournée de son objectif initial – préserver l’autonomie de jugement des médecins face à l’expansion des connaissances scientifiques – au profit d’une « rationalisation » revendiquée des prises en charge médicales, via des protocoles de plus en plus contraignants. Or, si dans la pratique cette standardisation ne supprime pas l’incertitude, elle risque fortement de déshumaniser la relation de soin.
« J'aimerais bien, mais j'peux point... » : exploration des écarts entre attitude et comportement en consommation alternative
Authors: Rodhain Angélique
Published: July 2013

La littérature en marketing fait apparaître un écart important entre les attitudes positives des individus pour une consommation alternative et leurs actes d’achats. L’objectif de cet article consiste à appréhender cet écart de façon dynamique par le biais de la théorie de la neutralisation. Des étapes d’évolution de l’écart existant entre comportement et attitude sont proposées, ainsi que des pistes de réflexions menant à sa réduction.
Les souvenirs laissés par les bons enseignants d'EPS : l'assertivité socio-conative comme concept explicatif
Authors: Meyre Jean-Michel
Published: July 2013

Cet article tente d’expliquer que la cause déterminante dans l’appréciation des enseignants d’EPS repose sur leur capacité à avoir de l’assertivité socio-conative. L’enquête a été menée à la fois par questionnaires, mais également par entretiens semi-directifs. L’analyse relève quatre invariants spécifiques aux enseignants d’EPS jugés « bons » par leurs anciens élèves. Ces éléments, propres à toute relation humaine harmonieuse, sont regroupés sous le concept d’assertivité socio-conative, qui rassemble au moins deux qualités, la première étant l’empathie, et la seconde l’affirmation de soi. Cette capacité, liée aux valeurs intégrées, détenue et mise en œuvre au cours de toute relation avec autrui, conditionne la relation enseignant-enseigné et par voie de conséquence le jugement de valeur qui en résulte.
El Dr. Enrique Romero Brest, las visitas a instituciones europeas de formación y el Congreso de Educación Física realizado en 1913 como indicadores de la globalización y la nacionalización de la « cultura física »
Authors: Pablo Scharagrodsky , Gleyse Jacques
Published: July 2013

Enrique Romero Brest est considéré comme le fondateur de la méthode argentine d’Éducation physique et, pour partie, le créateur du champ de l’Éducation physique dans ce pays au tournant du XX e  siècle. Il est l’un des acteurs qui contribuera au processus de mondialisation de ce champ de connaissance, notamment en réalisant plusieurs voyages en Europe et en s’inspirant et en s’appropriant d’autres méthodes d’Éducation physique. Cependant, il réorganisera également ces méthodes pour tenter d’en dégager une méthode spécifique à l’Argentine en particulier. Les archives étudiées sont les actes de différents congrès européens d’Éducation physique entre 1900 et 1913 et spécifiquement ces dernières ainsi que l’ensemble des archives concernant Romero Brest dans les fonds argentins (Buenos Aires, La Plata). L’article montre comment s’est organisée la participation d’Enrique Romero Brest aux différents congrès européens mais aussi ce qu’il a pu en retirer pour constituer une méthode argentine d’Éducation physique. Il démontre aussi à la fois la construction d’une identité nationale sur le sujet et un processus de colonisation théorique ou plus largement de mondialisation de la connaissance dans le domaine.
A Joint Coding Method Based on Rateless Coding and Channel Coding at Network Layer
Authors: Niu Fanglin , Wang Hongyu , Zhu Kaiyan
Published: July 2013

Decoding overhead is a standard for measuring whether rateless coding is good or not. The product-code coding of Shifted RSD, a communication transmission scheme, is based on the joint decoding of rateless coding and channel coding at the network layer of feedback information, was proposed in this study in order to reduce the overhead of decoding in rateless coding in the wireless communication. This method combines rateless coding and channel coding at the network layer to decode, which results in multiple packets instead of one recovered by iterative decoding every time during decoding. The decoding is accomplished until all packets are decoded, and the original information of source is recovered. The decoding overhead used for recovering the original information can be reduced due to the increase in the number of packets recovered at a time. Experimental results show that the use of this method combining channel coding with rateless coding to decode requires less decoding overhead than using LT code or RSD code with feedback for decoding, thus improving the decoding capability of the receiving end.
Design of a Remote Control Vehicle Based Wireless Communication used for Fighting Fire
Authors: Wan Shuang , Fan Yuezhen
Published: July 2013

Intelligent vehicle get the status information of its body by using sensors. After analyzing data, the vehicle gives the decision results to the driver. In addition, the Smart car also has a good ability to adapt to the environment which can be used in exploration, disaster and other special occasions. An intelligent car was designed to fight forest fire. Wireless remote controlled unmanned forest fire vehicle and remote control PC software was designed. The structure matching and motor coordination of drive the smart car's power and motion control system was studied. By test, it was proved it has have a good stability and reliability.
Megatrends in Engineering and Technology Education
Authors: Patil Arun , Eijkman Henk
Published: July 2013

Engineers and technologists increasingly have to confront socio-scientific issues and evolving communication technologies. Digital communication technologies, such as social media, are important drivers for growth and for changes in learning and in professions as well as and doing business. In the 21st century, to be a scientifically literate engineer and technologist means also to possess the communicative imagination. Thus, moving toward a future with more fully integrated social media into the world of knowledge and communication practices will be a challenging process of resolving tensions and dilemmas. This chapter presents an overview of current megatrends in communicative imagination and advanced approaches of various communication technologies in engineering and technology education. The chapter also reflects on the transformative nature of social media.
Enculturation into Engineering Professional Practice
Authors: Coll Richard K. , Zegwaard Karsten E.
Published: July 2013

The importance of communication skills for engineering professionals is widely acknowledged. Research in the authors’ group indicates that along with other cognitive and behavioral skills, employers of new engineering graduates place high value on communication skills. Here, the authors argue that becoming a professional engineer means entering in to a particular community of practice, one that communicates in a way that is specific to that community of practice. Engineers employ, consciously or sub-consciously, a variety of Vygotskyian psychological tools, and becoming an engineer necessitates new graduates understanding the nature and use of such tools within that community. Recent research in the authors’ group suggests students that engage in experiential learning as part of a work-integrated learning program in engineering are rapidly enculturated into the community of practice that forms the engineering community. This, it appears, occurs by means of legitimate peripheral participation in the community as these ‘newcomers’ work alongside practicing engineers in a form of cognitive apprenticeship. In doing so they gradually adopt mores of communication, eventually becoming legitimate, fully-participating members of the engineering community, and they developed a sense of belonging that is not easily achieved in conventional programs of study in higher education.
UNL-Based Bangla Machine Translation Framework
Authors: Ali Nawab Yousuf , Ripon Shamim H.
Published: July 2013

The usage of native language through Internet is highly demanding due to the rapid increase of Internet-based applications in daily life. As information is available in the Internet in different languages, it is impossible to retrieve the information in other languages. Universal Networking Language (UNL) addresses this issue by converting the requested information from other languages to UNL expressions followed by UNL expressions to respective native languages. Even though Bangla is the sixth most popular language in the world, there is no system developed so far to convert Bangla text into UNL expressions and vice versa. For this purpose, the authors develop a framework. The framework has two constituent parts: 1) EnConverter: converts Bangla native sentences into UNL expressions considering UNL compatible Bangla word dictionary and analysis rules, and 2) DeConverter: converts UNL expressions into respective Bangla sentences considering Bangla word dictionary and generations rules. In both cases, case structure analysis, Bangla parts of speech, and different forms of verbs along with their prefixes, suffixes, and inflections are taken into consideration. This chapter describes the complete theoretical analyses of the EnConversion and DeConversion frameworks. The experimental results confirm that the proposed framework can successfully convert Bangla sentences into UNL expressions, and also can convert UNL expressions into corresponding Bangla sentences.
Machine Learning Approaches for Bangla Statistical Machine Translation
Authors: Roy Maxim
Published: July 2013

Machine Translation (MT) from Bangla to English has recently become a priority task for the Bangla Natural Language Processing (NLP) community. Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems require a significant amount of bilingual data between language pairs to achieve significant translation accuracy. However, being a low-density language, such resources are not available in Bangla. In this chapter, the authors discuss how machine learning approaches can help to improve translation quality within as SMT system without requiring a huge increase in resources. They provide a novel semi-supervised learning and active learning framework for SMT, which utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data. The authors discuss sentence selection strategies in detail and perform detailed experimental evaluations on the sentence selection methods. In semi-supervised settings, reversed model approach outperformed all other approaches for Bangla-English SMT, and in active learning setting, geometric 4-gram and geometric phrase sentence selection strategies proved most useful based on BLEU score results over baseline approaches. Overall, in this chapter, the authors demonstrate that for low-density language like Bangla, these machine-learning approaches can improve translation quality.
Bangla Character Recognition Using Optical Joint Transform Correlation
Authors: Islam Mohammed Nazrul , Karim Mohammad Ataul
Published: July 2013

Automatic Bangla character recognition has been a great challenge for research and development because of the huge number of characters, change of shape in a word and in conjunctive characters, and other similar reasons. An optical joint transform correlation-based technique is developed for Bangla character recognition which involves a simple architecture, but can operate at a very high speed because of optics, and offer a very high level of accuracy with negligible false alarms. The proposed correlation technique can successfully identify a target character in a given input scene by producing a single correlation peak per target at the target location. The discrimination between target and non-target correlation peaks is found to be very high even in noisy conditions. The recognition performance of the proposed technique is observed to be insensitive to the type and number of targets. Further improvement of the technique is made by incorporating a synthetic discriminant function, which is created from distorted images of the target character and hence can make the system efficiently recognize Bangla characters in different practical scenarios.
Speech Feature Evaluation for Bangla Automatic Speech Recognition
Authors: Kotwal Mohammed Rokibul Alam , Hassan Foyzul , Huda Mohammad Nurul
Published: July 2013

This chapter presents Bangla (widely known as Bengali) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) techniques by evaluating the different speech features, such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), Local Features (LFs), phoneme probabilities extracted by time delay artificial neural networks of different architectures. Moreover, canonicalization of speech features is also performed for Gender-Independent (GI) ASR. In the canonicalization process, the authors have designed three classifiers by male, female, and GI speakers, and extracted the output probabilities from these classifiers for measuring the maximum. The maximization of output probabilities for each speech file provides higher correctness and accuracies for GI speech recognition. Besides, dynamic parameters (velocity and acceleration coefficients) are also used in the experiments for obtaining higher accuracy in phoneme recognition. From the experiments, it is also shown that dynamic parameters with hybrid features also increase the phoneme recognition performance in a certain extent. These parameters not only increase the accuracy of the ASR system, but also reduce the computation complexity of Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based classifiers with fewer mixture components.