bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedro Lemebel and the Translatxrsation
Authors: Concilio Arielle A.
Published: December 2016

Like transgender studies, literary translation has historically suffered marginalization within the academy and has only recently become established. The marginalization of both, it seems, stems from rigid binaries—namely, the binaries of male/female and man/woman in the context of the transgender, and the binaries of author/translator, original/translation, and source language/target language in the context of translation. By applying the deconstructive work of transgender and queer theory that undertakes the project of destabilizing cisgender, heteronormative, patriarchal systems, we can dismantle these binaries to reconceptualize the translator as the translatxr—a trans*, nonbinary, or genderqueer subjectivity—and translation as translatxrsation, a nonbinary embodied practice with the potential to produce multilingual, decolonizing strategies and discourses. Such a practice actively resists the erasure and colonization of texts by and about trans*, trans, nonbinary, or genderqueer persons and lives. This article looks to the work of Chilean writer and performance artist Pedro Lemebel's urban chronicles to reveal the antinormalizing, decolonizing practice of becoming-translation. The article concludes with the translatxrsation of Lemebel's performance poem “Manifiesto,” to reveal the embodiment of the translatxrsation.
Untranslating Gender in Trish Salah'sLyric Sexology Vol. 1
Authors: Gabriel Kay
Published: December 2016

The author explores the thematics of transsexuality, untranslatability, and figuration in a recent volume of poetry by the Canadian poet and scholar Trish Salah, Lyric Sexology Vol. 1. Lyric Sexology confronts historical, aesthetic, and political questions that are best understood in the framework of translation and its failure. Drawing on Barbara Cassin's philosophical reflections on untranslatables, the author argues that gender as a representational system necessarily experiences trans configurations of gender as untranslatables, which it “never ceases (not) translating.” The author deploys Salah's collection of poems, which explores a number of historical discourses and sciences oriented around understanding transsexuality, to help think through some of the questions that the paradigm of untranslatability opens. This article argues that Lyric Sexology stages an analogy between linguistic and literary translations and historical attempts to categorize transsexuality, thus rendering transsexuality legible within normative gender categories. In this account, categorization is treated as a historical analogue of translation, the repetitions and failures of which can be understood as a response to transsexuality as an untranslatable. Through a reading of Salah's poems, the author develops an interpretation of categorization as dependent upon figuration to achieve its intended effect of translating its targets into, in Salah's words, one “of those things you have words for.” The author's interpretation of Lyric Sexology through the history it proposes thus helps her to develop a paradigm for understanding the functions of untranslatability and figuration in determining the past and present configurations of trans social relations.
Translating the Human
Authors: Strassfeld Max
Published: December 2016

Discussions of gender variance abound in rabbinic literature, a corpus of canonical Jewish texts that originate in the first six centuries of the common era. This article reads the most central text on the androginos, a person who is described by the rabbis as having dual genitalia. Both English and Hebrew are languages that ostensibly require the assignment of male or female; I discuss the challenges of translating the androginos while not foreclosing the question of hir gender just as it is being raised by the rabbis. I argue that this ostensibly straightforward issue of translation actually raises broader issues about the intelligibility of the androginos within language and law. As the rabbis debate the status of the androginos within gendered rabbinic law, they lay out conflicting strategies for managing the androginos, including suggesting that gender variance is ultimately unassimilable under the law. In the process, they both establish the centrality of gender to rabbinic law and obliquely sketch out a category of the human in rabbinic law. Noting that this category of the human is accompanied by a discussion of violence to the androginos, I explore some of the costs of the category of the human and unintelligibility under the law for gender variant bodies.
Mapping the Territory
Authors: Dame Avery Phelan
Published: December 2016

Recent work on Internet discourse focuses extensively on social network sites, which now serve as the primary organizing location for trans individuals. Yet despite their declining popularity, stand-alone websites—often continuously maintained by a single owner—continue to serve as important resources for online information and discourse. This essay, first, locates the website within the history of transgender online publics and, second, considers their current complex position in the trans media landscape. In part, they serve as an accessible, living archive of English-language trans experience, tracking the evolution of web design aesthetics, community composition, and trans terminology. Yet sites’ temporal contexts—key to their archival status—are obscured when they are called up by search engines. The opacity of search algorithms’ indexing practices and their subsequent filtering of search results, then, point to the importance for new media scholars of accounting for platforms’ affordances and constraints.
Quantitative radiomics studies for tissue characterization: a review of technology and methodological procedures
Authors: Larue Ruben T H M , Defraene Gilles , De Ruysscher Dirk , Lambin Philippe , van Elmpt Wouter
Published: December 2016

Quantitative analysis of tumour characteristics based on medical imaging is an emerging field of research. In recent years, quantitative imaging features derived from CT, positron emission tomography and MR scans were shown to be of added value in the prediction of outcome parameters in oncology, in what is called the radiomics field. However, results might be difficult to compare owing to a lack of standardized methodologies to conduct quantitative image analyses. In this review, we aim to present an overview of the current challenges, technical routines and protocols that are involved in quantitative imaging studies. The first issue that should be overcome is the dependency of several features on the scan acquisition and image reconstruction parameters. Adopting consistent methods in the subsequent target segmentation step is evenly crucial. To further establish robust quantitative image analyses, standardization or at least calibration of imaging features based on different feature extraction settings is required, especially for texture- and filter-based features. Several open-source and commercial software packages to perform feature extraction are currently available, all with slightly different functionalities, which makes benchmarking quite challenging. The number of imaging features calculated is typically larger than the number of patients studied, which emphasizes the importance of proper feature selection and prediction model-building routines to prevent overfitting. Even though many of these challenges still need to be addressed before quantitative imaging can be brought into daily clinical practice, radiomics is expected to be a critical component for the integration of image-derived information to personalize treatment in the future.
Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for brain metastases: a systematic review with tumour control probability modelling
Authors: Baliga Sujith , Garg Madhur K , Fox Jana , Kalnicki Shalom , Lasala Patrick A , Welch Mary R , Tomé Wolfgang A , Ohri Nitin
Published: December 2016

Objective:

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) is a relatively new option for the treatment of brain metastases. We performed a quantitative systematic review to determine if local control (LC) following is affected by FSRT dosing regimen.

Methods:

We reviewed articles describing LC following FSRT for brain metastases. LC data from each study were extracted from actuarial survival curves and aggregated to form a single data set. LC curves were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Log-rank testing and Cox proportional hazards modelling were utilized to test for associations between the biologically effective dose (BED) and LC. Tumour control probability modelling was performed to illustrate the relationship between the BED and the likelihood of LC after FSRT.

Results:

10 studies (720 metastases) met inclusion criteria. Prescription doses ranged from 18 to 42 Gy, delivered in 3–12 fractions (BED range: 29–100 Gy10). 1- and 2-year actuarial LC rates were 80% and 69%, respectively. Increasing BED was associated with improved LC (HR = 0.77 per increase of 10 Gy10, p = 0.009). Tumour control probability models demonstrated that the BEDs of 40, 50 and 60 Gy10 yield predicted 1-year LC rates of 73%, 78% and 84%, respectively. The BEDs of 40, 50 and 60 Gy10 yield 2-year LC rates of 62%, 69% and 81%, respectively.

Conclusion:

FSRT provides high rates of LC for patients with brain metastases. We found evidence for a dose–response relationship that should be explored in prospective trials.

Advances in knowledge:

This review identified a dose–response relationship for LC in patients treated with FSRT for brain metastases.
Incidental findings in the skeletal musculature on computed tomography
Authors: Schramm Dominik , Justus Annkathrin , Bach Andreas G , Surov Alexey
Published: December 2016

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to analyze intramuscular incidental findings identified on CT in a large patient cohort.

Methods:

In the time period from 2010 to 2015, a total of 44,794 patients with several diagnoses were investigated by CT. Only those patients who underwent body CT including the neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvic regions after the i.v. application of a contrast medium were involved in the study. There were 4085 patients. On further analysis, only patients with intramuscular findings (IFs) incidentally detected on CT were included. Osseous or soft-tissue lesions with invasion into the musculature were excluded from the study. Patients with known or clinically suspicious muscle disorders were also excluded. Overall, 639 (15.64% of the 4085 analyzed cases) patients, 253 females and 386 males, with mean age 72.43 ± 12.02 years, were identified. Collected data were evaluated by means of descriptive statistics.

Results:

In the 639 patients, 917 IFs were identified. More often, several benign disorders were diagnosed (n = 803, 87.6%). There were hernias (33.5%), atrophy of different muscles (22%), lipomas (21%), intramuscular calcifications (8.7%), bursitis (1.2%) and intramuscular bleeding (1.1%). Malignant IFs (n = 114, 12.4%) included intramuscular metastases (11.9%) and lymphomas (0.6%). Most frequently, the identified IFs were localized in the abdominal wall musculature, paravertebral and gluteal muscles. In 657 cases (71.6% of all IFs), the identified muscle findings were not diagnosed by the radiologist who initially assessed the investigation.

Conclusion:

CT can detect different incidental disorders within the skeletal musculature. Most of them were benign. However, malignant lesions can also occur. Therefore, skeletal muscles should be carefully evaluated on CT performed for other reasons.

Advances in knowledge:

IFs occur in 15.6% of CT investigations. Benign findings represent 87.6% and malignant lesions can be identified in 12.4%.
The complement system: an evolution in progress
Authors: Ghebrehiwet Berhane
Published: December 2016

The complement system, which consists of three independent but interacting pathways, constitutes a powerful arm of innate immunity. Its major function is to recognize and destroy pathogenic microorganisms as well as eliminate modified self-antigens. Although it is a fine-tuned system with innate capacity to discriminate self from non-self as well as danger from non-danger signals, an unwarranted activation can nonetheless occur and cause tissue destruction. To prevent such activation, specific regulators present both in plasma and on the cell surface tightly control it. Data accumulated over the past four decades have also shown that the complement system is capable of not only cross-talk with the activation cascades of plasma––i.e. blood coagulation, contact activation, and the kinin/kallikrein system––but also serving as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. It is for these reasons that the various activation steps of the complement system have been recently targeted for therapy to treat diseases in which the role of complement is beyond doubt. This trend will certainly continue for years to come, especially as novel concepts guiding the field into areas never contemplated before are continuing to be discovered.
Integration of EGA secure data access into Galaxy
Authors: Hoogstrate Youri , Zhang Chao , Senf Alexander , Bijlard Jochem , Hiltemann Saskia , van Enckevort David , Repo Susanna , Heringa Jaap , Jenster Guido , Fijneman Remond J.A. , Boiten Jan-Willem , A. Meijer Gerrit , Stubbs Andrew , Rambla Jordi , Spalding Dylan , Abeln Sanne
Published: December 2016

High-throughput molecular profiling techniques are routinely generating vast amounts of data for translational medicine studies. Secure access controlled systems are needed to manage, store, transfer and distribute these data due to its personally identifiable nature. The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) was created to facilitate access and management to long-term archival of bio-molecular data. Each data provider is responsible for ensuring a Data Access Committee is in place to grant access to data stored in the EGA. Moreover, the transfer of data during upload and download is encrypted. ELIXIR, a European research infrastructure for life-science data, initiated a project (2016 Human Data Implementation Study) to understand and document the ELIXIR requirements for secure management of controlled-access data. As part of this project, a full ecosystem was designed to connect archived raw experimental molecular profiling data with interpreted data and the computational workflows, using the CTMM Translational Research IT (CTMM-TraIT) infrastructure http://www.ctmm-trait.nl as an example. Here we present the first outcomes of this project, a framework to enable the download of EGA data to a Galaxy server in a secure way. Galaxy provides an intuitive user interface for molecular biologists and bioinformaticians to run and design data analysis workflows. More specifically, we developed a tool -- ega_download_streamer - that can download data securely from EGA into a Galaxy server, which can subsequently be further processed. This tool will allow a user within the browser to run an entire analysis containing sensitive data from EGA, and to make this analysis available for other researchers in a reproducible manner, as shown with a proof of concept study.  The tool ega_download_streamer is available in the Galaxy tool shed: https://toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/view/yhoogstrate/ega_download_streamer.
The image of the ideal of the sovereign as a reflection of the traditional Russian legal culture
Authors: Казанцев Дмитрий , Kazancev Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

The ideal of power is one of the characteristics of the political culture. In traditional cultures, power is often personified in the person of the sovereign. Studying traits of the ideal sovereign helps tell a lot about the features of the national political and legal culture. The search for the traditional Russian political culture makes actual the identification of such features.
To problem of basing theory development in mechanical engineering
Authors: Базров Борис , Bazrov Boris
Published: December 2016

Basic regulations of basing theory are considered, its drawbacks are emphasized. The additional concepts are offered: theoretical, actual schemes of basing, a three-point basis, a scheme of the location of reference points on the basis and changes in statements of concepts.
Biofilms: prevention and treatment
Authors: Rowson Carlene , Townsend Robert
Published: December 2016

Biofilms are a major aetiological factor in many infections. Bacteria growing within a biofilm are extremely resilient to standard antimicrobials; biofilm-associated infections are thus challenging to treat. Understanding how and why biofilms form can improve prevention and management of biofilm infections.
Mohs wounds of the forehead: healing by secondary intention
Authors: Becker G.D. , Adams L.A. , Levin B.C.
Published: December 2016

Accurate prediction of the course of wound healing allows patients with Mohs surgical wounds on the face to be objectively selected either for surgical repair or for spontaneous healing. Parameters affecting wound healing - location, depth and size of wound - were documented at intervals for 135 patients who had full-thickness defects in the forehead after Mohs surgery, which were left to heal by secondary intention. Quality of cosmesis was determined at least four months after surgery. Final cosmetic result was predictable on the basis of wound location, size and depth.

Allowing selected Mohs surgical wounds to heal spontaneously offers optimal cancer surveillance, simplified wound care and elimination of reconstructive procedures along with their associated costs and potential complications.
The role of moist wound healing in the management of meningococcal skin lesions
Authors: Thomas S. , Humphreys J. , Fear-Price M.
Published: December 2016

This report describes the management of haemorrhagic skin lesions in a patient with meningococcal meningitis
Encouraging innovation and creative practice
Authors: Caine Suzie
Published: December 2016

One of the key factors that helps us to sustain the commitment to do well and be creative is positive feedback, the most valuable source being the satisfied patient. Feedback from colleagues is also important and it is often their enthusiasm and support that gives us the inspiration to develop new ideas.
Management of a breast wound with complications
Authors: Banerjee D. , Monypenny I.J.
Published: December 2016

This report describes the management of necrosis and post-operative wound infection in a transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap used in breast reconstruction surgery
Letters
Authors: Hougton C. , Gebhardt K.S.
Published: December 2016

ULTRASOUND THERAPY AND WOUND HEALING

NUTRITION AND PRESSURE DAMAGE
Using a bandage pressure monitor as an aid in improving bandaging skills
Authors: Taylor A.D. , Taylor R.J. , Said S.S.S.
Published: December 2016

This prospective study used a bandage pressure monitor to assess the bandaging skills of 16 nurses caring for patients with venous leg ulcers. Baseline measurements showed that only 50% of the nurses demonstrated bandaging skills that were adequate to good. However, by the end of the feedback/post-training session, 81% of those examined had reached this standard and this figure rose to 86% on recall. These data seem to support the view that the use of a pressure monitor is a useful adjunct in the teaching of bandaging skills.
Innovations in leg ulcer care
Authors: Gilchrist B.
Published: December 2016

This master class article discusses some of the new techniques that are currently being considered in the management of patients with leg ulcers
Lipodermatosclerosis and atrophie blanche
Authors: Vowden K.
Published: December 2016

An overview of the causes, diagnosis and treatment of lipodermatosclerosis and atrophie blanche
Exudate management in fungating wounds
Authors: Grocott P.
Published: December 2016

This study evaluates dressing performance in the management of exuding fungating wounds. The Teler system of treatment evaluation was used to describe the results. The study forms part of a research project on the palliative management of fungating malignant wounds, in which individuals' experiences of living with such a wound were investigated in a multiple-case study design. The conclusions indicate that exudate management depends critically on dressing fit and optimum absorption and venting of excess fluid.
Skin care for patients with chronic leg ulcers
Authors: Cameron J.
Published: December 2016

An update on skin care for patients with chronic leg ulcers
Pilonidal sinus disease
Authors: Hodgkin W.
Published: December 2016

A review of the surgical management of pilonidal sinus disease
The principles of assessment prior to compression therapy
Authors: Moffatt Christine
Published: December 2016

This article focuses on the type of assessment frequently performed by nurses although the patient with a leg ulcer requires the skills of the whole health-care team. A priority of assessment is to determine the underlying aetiology of the leg ulcer, but the assessment process is often complicated by the multifactorial health needs of this vulnerable group of older patients.
Stay on the ambulance long enough and you'll go full circle: an evaluation of the clinical safety and effectiveness of non-emergency and multi-occupancy ambulance conveyance in non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention patients
Authors: Scholes Steven , Tunn Eddie , Newton Mark , Ratcliffe David
Published: December 2016

Mechanisms to facilitate rapid ambulance transport of diagnosed STEMI patients from the community and emergency departments (ED) settings directly to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) facilities are well established within NHS Ambulance Services. Direct challenge of inter-hospital transfer requests for non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients by a regional NHS Ambulance Service identified disagreement between peripheral feeder hospitals and the NHS Ambulance Service on what level of ambulance transport is most appropriate.

To reduce unnecessary peripheral feeder hospital requests for paramedic emergency service transfer and resource utilisation in non-emergency PCI patients and to assess the clinical safety of both non-emergency transport and multi-occupancy conveyance for this patient group.

A process was established with a regional cardiothoracic centre to support pre-screening of non-emergency PCI patients for conveyance via non-emergency ambulance resources and multi-occupancy. This included centralisation of all non-emergency PCI ambulance transport booking practices and dissemination of learning materials on the process to all stakeholders. During the three-year period 3172 patients were identified as suitable for conveyance by both non-emergency ambulance transports. Of this, 36% (n=1767) were conveyed as part of a multi-occupancy journey and 56% (n=782) were conveyed by non-emergency resources. Overall, 69% (n=782) of all multi-occupancy conveyances were undertaken by non-emergency resources. Two clinical incidents were noted during this period, both of which were managed via clinical telephone advice.

Non-emergency ambulances can be safely used to transport non-emergency PCI patients via multi-occupancy, following appropriate pre-screening by the receiving PCI unit. Further work is needed to understand the feasibility of this across other patient groups in the inter-hospital transfer scenario and its transferability to other NHS Ambulance Services.
Addressing the oral health needs of older people in care
Authors: Hewson Victoria , Lee Amanda
Published: December 2016

In July 2016, NICE published guidance on oral health for adults in residential settings. In this article, Victoria Hewson and Amanda Lee present an overview of the main oral health problems that older people in care face, and discuss best practice in encouraging self-care
Understanding tax deductions when refitting a care home
Authors: Chen Yen-Pei
Published: December 2016

Every little helps with cutbacks and budget restraints being a part of modern life in the care industry. Yen-Pei Chen describes how managers can maximise their tax deductions while refurbishing a home, helping stretch their budgets that little bit further
Greater right of reply on CQC draft inspection reports
Authors: Adamson Rachel
Published: December 2016

Current CQC policy leaves little room for service providers to contest factual errors in draft inspection reports. Rachel Adamson describes a recent court case that offers care homes a second chance to correct inaccurate or misleading reports before they are published
A step-by-step approach to excellent customer service
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: December 2016

The care industry faces a serious image problem. Consultant Editor Adrian Ashurst discusses how service providers should be delivering a first class customer experience, looking to the BBC's recent Panorama programme for examples of care that has gone horribly wrong
How to … write for Nursing & Residential Care
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: December 2016

Writing for a journal can be an incredibly rewarding experience. It is also something that many people find challenging when starting out. In this article, Adrian Ashurst gives an overview of writing for publication and gives some tips and advice for budding writers
Iberismo e Corporativismo: a ‘verdadeira’ Nação Brasileira segundo Oliveira Viana
Authors: Abreu Luciano A.
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender, a partir do pensamento de Francisco José de Oliveira Viana, um dos principais intelectuais conservadores brasileiros da geração dos anos 1920-40, os fundamentos e o sentido do que então eles diziam ser a ‘verdadeira’ nação brasileira, ao mesmo tempo enfatizando suas origens e identidade lusas e o seu futuro corporativo como ideal de organização e desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira. Para tanto, o texto a seguir foi dividido em três momentos: breve reflexão sobre a História como mestra da política, como a definia Oliveira Viana; discussão sobre as origens lusas da originalidade e dos males do Brasil; breves apontamentos sobre o corporativismo como futuro da nação.
La democracia orgánica como forma de representación política: un análisis de las fórmulas de cooptación de procuradores en Cortes y de sus resultados
Authors: Marin Martí
Published: December 2016

Durante la dictadura franquista, el gobierno del autodenominado Nuevo Estado desarrolló el concepto de democracia orgánica para referirse a las instituciones que creaba, para distinguirlas de aquellas de la democracia liberal a las que pretendía sustituir. La democracia orgánica se presentaba como la traducción española de las doctrinas corporativistas y tradicionalistas y nada menos que la democracia verdadera. El presente artículo examina una de estas instituciones, el parlamento llamado Cortes Españolas (1942-77), inspirado tanto en la Asamblea Nacional Consultiva (1927-30) de la dictadura de Primo de Rivera, como en la Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni (1939-43) de la Italia fascista. Como se deduce del análisis de las diversas fórmulas de selección de sus miembros, las Cortes sólo fueron muy parcialmente una cámara corporativa y, en cambio, fueron una representación de las propias instituciones del Estado -partido único, sindicatos oficiales, administración local, universidades- donde el peso del partido único FET y de las JONS fue determinante.
Ciência e cultura, coleções e museus: olhares sobre um «Portugal e a cultura europeia», no século XX…
Authors: Nunes Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2016

Sob o signo de «Portugal e a cultura europeia», no século XX, faz-se uma incursão pela história da cultura científica que agrega Congressos científicos, Museus de História Natural e Coleções como cultura material. Artur Ricardo Jorge (1886-1972), naturalista e diretor do Museu Bocage em Lisboa, assume neste estudo o papel de protagonista para seguir o debate sobre o papel dos Museus de História Natural na política científica, na investigação e na educação científica. Um estudo de caso que permite confirmar uma agenda de história das práticas científicas e culturais sobre a participação de Portugal nas redes internacionais de troca de conhecimentos e de circulação científica, neste caso de Naturalistas/ Zoologia, no período do Estado Novo.
A filosofia da história e da historiografia de Richard Rorty: Questões hermenêuticas
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique Jales
Published: December 2016

As conceções de Rorty sobre a historiografia filosófica, expostas no famoso artigo «A historiografia da filosofia: quatro géneros», são geralmente conhecidas e discutidas pelas comunidades dos filósofos e dos historiadores; o mesmo não se pode dizer da questão de saber se haverá uma filosofia da história propriamente dita subjacente a tais conceções, na perspetiva da qual as deveríamos enquadrar e interpretar. Neste artigo, analisa-se atentamente esta questão; defende-se que a filosofia da história de Rorty, despedida que foi por ele, em parte, a ideia de fundações para a filosofia e o historicismo associado, é essencialmente uma filosofia na história; e que esse autor progrediu de uma representação escatológica da história, que torna esta praticamente inútil como instrumento de transformação da práxis humana quer em termos individuais quer coletivos, para uma outra, semifundacionalista e semi-historicista, na perspetiva da qual é possível pensar a atualidade do pragmatismo como filosofia social, cultural e política.
José Relvas: Um político republicano
Authors: Neto Vítor
Published: December 2016

José Relvas foi sobretudo um político e diplomata republicano que desempenhou funções importantes durante a vigência do regime. Ministro das Finanças do Governo Provisório realizou a reforma monetária que levou à criação do escudo como moeda do país. Embaixador em Madrid durante as incursões monárquicas, desenvolveu uma atividade significativa no campo das relações entre os dois países. Deputado e senador abandonou provisoriamente a política em 1915 refugiando-se na sua Casa dos Patudos em Alpiarça. Com o país dividido pela guerra civil, provocada pela Monarquia do Norte, em 1919, Relvas seria chamado a chefiar um Governo de concentração de todos os partidos republicanos para enfrentar as forças monárquicas, dissolver o Parlamento, repor a Constituição de 1911 e abrir caminho para uma negociação entre os partidos com vista a um compromisso. A sua estratégia consistia no afastamento do Partido Democrático do poder e na recomposição de uma direita republicana que devia governar depois da realização de eleições. Na oposição manter-se-ia a esquerda radical que poderia alternar o poder com os conservadores num sistema rotativista à inglesa. O seu projeto de acordo político falhou em virtude do velho sectarismo dos partidos. Sentindo-se isolado e chefiando um Governo com falta de poder acabou por se demitir em finais de Março de 1919.
Football referees; stress, self-confidence, decision making
Futbol hakemlerinde; stres, özgüven, karar verme
Authors: Baştuğ Gülsüm
Published: December 2016

Football, is a universal sport with most audiences all around the world. Considering footballers, managers, trainers, audiences involved in football sector referees’ emotional situations, life stress, decision making skills have become important in football environment. The aim of the study was to analyse stress, self-confidence and decision-making skills in football referees. In the study 145 football referees having an age average of 25.88 ± 4.24 participated. In order to determine football referees’ stress levels, “Perceived Stress Scale” developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) and to find out decision-making skills, “Melbourne Decision-Making Scale I-II” developed by Mann et al. (1998) were applied. In evaluation of data Pearson correlation test and Independent t test were done.As a result; significant relations were found between stress, self-confidence and decision-making in football referees. A significant relation was determined between football referees’ self-confidence and decision-making skills. In football referees a meaningful difference was also found between stress level and gender variable. It is apparent that the female football referees’ stress perceptions were higher rather than the male football referees. ÖzetFutbol, dünyada da en fazla seyircisi olan evrensel bir spordur. Futbol sektörü içinde bulunan futbolcu, yönetici, çalıştırıcı, seyirciler düşünüldüğünde hakemlerin futbol ortamı içinde duygu durumları, yaşadığı stres, karar verme becerisi de önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, futbol hakemlerinde stres, özgüven ve karar verme becerisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 25.88 ± 4.24 olan 145 futbol hakemi katılmıştır. Futbol hakemlerinin stres düzeylerini belirlemek için Cohen, Kamarck ve Mermelstein (1983) tarafından geliştirilen “Algılanan Stres Ölçeği”  ile karar verme becerilerini belirlemek için Mann ve diğerleri (1998) tarafından geliştirilen “Melbourne karar verme ölçeği I-II” uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Pearson korelasyon testi ve Bağımsız t testi yapılmıştır.Sonuç olarak; Futbol hakemlerinde stres ile özgüven ve karar verme arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Hakemlerin özgüven ile karar verme becerisi arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Futbol hakemlerinde stres düzeyi ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.  Kadın futbol hakemlerinin stres algılarının erkek hakemlerden yüksek olması dikkat çekicidir.
Antioxidant effectiveness of dehydrogenated p-phenylene diamines through NMR calculations
Authors: Puškárová Ingrid , Breza Martin
Published: December 2016

NMR shifts of N-phenyl-N’-alkyl-p-phenylenediamines (PPD) in vacuum were evaluated by B3LYP calculations using GIAO method. According to our previous studies, the Molar Antioxidant Effectiveness (AEM) of PPD antioxidants correlates with NMR chemical shifts of the amine nitrogen between aromatic rings (NA), the side aliphatic chain nitrogen (NB) and its neighboring tertiary carbon atom (CT) as well as of the hydrogens bonded to them. Our results indicate that the above mentioned chemical shifts correlate with increasing reactivity of dehydrogenated PPD antioxidants at these sites as well.
Determination of enantiomeric composition of fluoxetine by synchronous fluorescence spectrometry coupled with multivariate calibration in biological samples
Authors: Poláček Roman , Májek Pavel , Sádecká Jana
Published: December 2016

This paper presents rapid and low cost analytical method for the determination of the fluoxetine enantiomeric composition in biological samples (urine). The combination of synchronous fluorescence spectrometry and inverse multivariate calibration methods was used. The chiral recognition of the fluoxetine was based on the creating of the diastereomeric complexes withβ-cyclodextrin. A net analytical signal of diastereomeric complexes was obtained by the addition of aliquot part of urine into calibration and validation sets. This step ensures the elimination of the urine matrix effect. The synchronous fluorescence spectra at the constant wavelength differences (Δλ) of 30 and 50 nm, based on RMS %RE values, were chosen for chemometric analysis. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square method (PLS) were compared to determine the enantiomeric composition. The most suitable results were provided by the PLS model constructed from the synchronous data at Δλ = 50 nm. The calculated figure of merit was used for validation of proposed method.
Comparative study of behavioural and milking traits in cows milked with a conventional or individual quarter milking system (Multilactor®) and with different milking persons
Authors: Hoffmann Gundula , Liermann Wendy , Ammon Christian , Rose-Meierhöfer Sandra
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a new type of milking system on the behaviour of cows during milking by comparing a conventional milking system (CON) with an individual quarter milking system (MUL), MultiLactor®. Sixty-eight dairy cows were observed during their milking times (32 cows in CON, 36 cows in MUL) using video recordings to analyse their behavioural traits. The udder preparation duration, milking duration and milk yield were also evaluated. No significant differences were found between the CON and the MUL regarding cows’ head posture (P=0.38), body posture (P=0.85), number of steps (P=0.08) and number of kicks (P=0.56). However, the milk yield was lower (P=0.02), just as the udder preparation duration (P<0.01) and milking duration (P=0.01) were shorter in the CON compared to the MUL. In addition, in regard to the milking person, differences were displayed in the head posture of the milked cows, kick-off or loss of teat cup or milking cluster, and frequency of udder preparation. In conclusion, the investigated milking systems did not markedly influence the behaviour of dairy cows; however, udder preparation duration, milking duration and milk yield were significantly greater for the MUL than for the CON. However, the milking person appears to have a greater impact on the behaviour of the cows than the milking system.
Towards Heat Stress Management in Small Ruminants – A Review
Authors: Al-Dawood Amani
Published: December 2016

Small ruminants (sheep and goats) play a predominant role in the economy of million people, and have provided meat, milk, skin, wool and fiber for centuries. Animals undergo various kinds of stressors, i.e. physical, nutritional, chemical, psychological and heat stress (HS). Among all, HS is the most concerning at present in the ever-changing climatic scenario. Climate change is the most serious long-term challenge faced by small ruminants’ owners worldwide. HS results in decreased growth, reproduction, production, milk quantity and quality, as well as natural immunity, making animals more vulnerable to diseases, and even death. Thus, HS results in great economic losses, emphasizing the necessity to objectively assess animal welfare. The increasing demand for animal products paralleled by the frequent hot climate is a serious threat for the agriculture sector. The ability of sheep and goats to cope with HS without harming their welfare and productive performance has been often overrated. To date, little attention has been paid to comprehensive detailed data on the adverse effect of HS on sheep and goats. Therefore, this review discusses in detail the sheep and goats’ behavioral, physiological, molecular/cellular, hematological, biochemical and immunological responses under HS conditions. In addition, this review also presents the adverse effects of HS on reproduction and fertility, milk quantity and quality, feed intake, and water consumption of sheep and goats. Finally, this review suggests various methods for HS alleviation. In conclusion, HS impairs productivity and well-being in sheep and goats. The improved understanding of the impact of HS on small ruminants will help in developing management techniques to alleviate HS and highlighting the need for future researches on HS in sheep and goats.
Polymorphisms of the COL9A2, AOAH and FRZB Genes in the Horse Genome and their Association with the Occurrence of Osteochondrosis
Authors: Wypchło Maria , Korwin-Kossakowska Agnieszka , Bereznowski Andrzej , Hecold Mateusz , Lewczuk Dorota
Published: December 2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate the chosen polymorphisms of the COL9A2, AOAH and FRZB genes and find their potential effect on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in Polish sport horses population. During two successive years, all 198 performance tested horses were checked for osteochondrosis. The health status of the horses was assessed based on 10 x-ray images of three joints: fetlock, hock and stifle, and scored on a 0-3 scale. The methodology of analysis of selected candidate genes using the PCR-RFLP technique was developed. The analysis of variance was performed to evaluate significance of the effect of the COL9A2, AOAH and FRZB genotype on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in individual joints. Fixed effects of breed, gender and training centre were taken into account in the analysis. The results showed a significant influence (P≤0.05) of the COL9A2 genotypes on the occurrence of osteochondrosis in fetlock and hock joints. Polymorphism of this gene, even not proved a causal mutation, appears to have effect on symptoms of the disease. In genes AOAH and FRZB there was no significant effect for investigated SNPs. Further analysis of the discussed genes/polymorphisms seems to be important.
Dietary organic trace minerals level influences eggshell quality and minerals retention in hens
Authors: Bai Shiping , Jin Gu , Li Delong , Ding Xuemei , Wang Jianping , Zhang Keying , Zeng Qiufeng , Ji Fengjie , Zhao Junmei
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of reduced levels of Cu, Zn, Mn in combination from organic mineral source on eggshell quality and mineral retention in hens. After feeding the basal diet (8.82 mg/kg Cu, 24.94 mg/kg Zn, and 16.38 mg/kg Mn) without Cu, Zn, and Mn addition for 4 weeks, hens (39-week-old) were assigned to 5 treatments according to the equal body weight and egg production for 12-week experimental trial. The 5 treatments included the basal diet without Cu, Zn, and Mn (NCON), and NCON added with 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from sulfates (ITM100%), or 4-20-15, 8-40-30 or 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) mineral chelates (OTM25%, OTM50% or OTM100%). Supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn had no significant influences on the performance of hens. After 12 weeks feeding, eggshell breaking strength (EBS) decreased in the following order: OTM25% and ITM100% > OTM50% > NCON and OTM100%. The eggshell weight and thickness in OTM25% were greater than that in NCON, while not differing from that in ITM100%. The EBS and eggshell weight linearly decreased with increasing level of OTM. After 12 weeks feeding, supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn increased the concentrations of liver Zn, tibia Zn and Mn, and Zn and Mn retention in eggs as compared with NCON. No significant difference was observed in the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn in liver and plasma, and Zn and Mn in eggs between any OTM treatment and ITM100% groups. Addition of OTM at increasing level had quadratic effect on tibia Cu, Zn, Mn concentrations, with the greater retention of Cu, Zn, and Mn in OTM50%. In conclusion, the OTM25% from HMT BA mineral chelates can substitute for ITM100% evaluated by the eggshell quality in the diet of laying hens.
The natural feed additives as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition – a review
Authors: Kiczorowska Bożena , Samolińska Wioletta , Al-Yasiry Ali Ridha Mustafa , Kiczorowski Piotr , Winiarska-Mieczan Anna
Published: December 2016

Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics could be a possible solution as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition. Beneficial effects of application thereof in animals are determined by many factors, e.g. the type of the probiotic strain, probiotic compounds, or plant species used as a supplement. A significant role is also played by the animal species, dosage, and the time and method of administration. The activity of these compounds is primarily focused on prevention of pathogen infections and, consequently, improvement of animal welfare. Probiotics compete with pathogenic bacteria by covering the intestinal epithelium mucosa, thereby interrupting pathogen colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics can also induce positive changes in the intestinal morphology, e.g. elongation of villi or deepening of intestinal crypts. In a majority of cases, they also modulate the immune response of the host. They mobilise the cellular components of the innate immune system (macrophages and heterophils), which defend the animal organism against gastrointestinal infection. Another possibility is the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that modulate adaptive immunity or stabilization of the intestinal microbiome. The main target of immunomodulatory feed additives is reduction of local inflammation, enhancement of the function of the immune system, a substantial impact on the health status of livestock animals, and improvement of their health status and production performance.
Properties of two variables Toeplitz type operators
Authors: Król-Klimkowska Elżbieta , Ptak Marek
Published: December 2016

The investigation of properties of generalized Toeplitz operators with respect to the pairs of doubly commuting contractions (the abstract analogue of classical two variable Toeplitz operators) is proceeded. We especially concentrate on the condition of existence such a non-zero operator. There are also presented conditions of analyticity of such an operator.
The mineralization effect of wheat straw on soil properties described by MFPC analysis and other methods
Authors: Jakubus Monika , Krzyśko Mirosław , Wołyński Waldemar , Graczyk Małgorzata
Published: December 2016

Recycling of crop residues is essential to sustain soil fertility and crop production. Despite the positive effect of straw incorporation, the slow decomposition of that organic substance is a serious issue. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of winter wheat straws with different degrees of stem solidness on the rate of decomposition and soil properties. An incubation experiment lasting 425 days was carried out in controlled conditions. To perform analyses, soil samples were collected after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 119, 147, 175, 203, 231, 259, 313, 341, 369, 397 and 425 days of incubation. The addition of two types of winter wheat straw with different degree of stem solidness into the sandy soil differentiated the experimental treatments. The results demonstrate that straw mineralization was a relatively slow process and did not depend on the degree of filling of the stem by pith. Multivariate functional principal component analysis (MFPC) gave proof of significant variation between the control soil and the soil incubated with the straws. The first functional principal component describes 48.53% and the second 18.55%, of the variability of soil properties. Organic carbon, mineral nitrogen and sum of bases impact on the first functional principal component, whereas, magnesium, sum of bases and total nitrogen impact on the second functional principal component.
Immune Renal Injury: Similarities and Differences Between Glomerular Diseases and Transplantation
Authors: Marinaki Smaragdi , Boletis John
Published: December 2016

Glomerular diseases and renal transplantation are the main fields in nephrology in which the immune system plays a prevalent role. They have for long been considered as independent conditions due to the prominent role of autoimmunity in glomerular diseases and of alloimmunity in renal transplantation.

Moreover, histologic features differ between glomerular diseases and transplantation: in glomerular diseases, histologic damage involves primarily the glomeruli and secondarily the tubulointerstitium and small vessels, whereas in transplantation, allograft injury comprises primarily the tubulointerstitium and vessels and to a lesser degree the glomeruli.

However, recent research has shown that the pathogenetic mechanisms in both conditions share common pathways and that there is cross-reaction between innate and adaptive immunity as well as between auto- and alloimmunity [1].
Primary Amyloidosis Presenting with Nephrotic Syndrome and Atypical Intrahepatic Cholestasis: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Ilgen Ufuk , Celebi Zeynep Kendi , Kaygusuz Gulsah , Kutlay Sim , Nergizoglu Gokhan , Ates Kenan
Published: December 2016

Liver is one of the most commonly involved organs in both primary and secondary systemic amyloidoses, but hepatic amyloidosis, manifested as mild to moderate enlargement, is usually not symptomatic nor it is clinically problematic. Rarely, massive hepatomegaly, severe cholestatic hepatitis or liver failure may be encountered in patients with systemic amyloidosis. Two cases with lambda light-chain amyloidosis presenting with nephrotic syndrome and atypical intrahepatic cholestasis are discussed with clinical features, laboratory and kidney, liver and bone marrow biopsy findings in view of the relevant literature.