bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding Reaction Horizons: Evidence of the 5‐Deazaflavin Radical Through Photochemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Wörner Jakob , Panter Sabrina , Illarionov Boris , Bacher Adelbert , Fischer Markus , Weber Stefan
Published: August 2023

Deazaflavins are important analogues of the naturally occurring flavins: riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The use of 5‐deazaflavin as a replacement coenzyme in a number of flavoproteins has proven particularly valuable in unraveling and manipulating their reaction mechanisms. It was frequently reported that one‐electron‐transfer reactions in flavoproteins are impeded with 5‐deazaflavin as the cofactor. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the 5‐deazaflavin radical is significantly less stable compared to the respective flavin semiquinone and quickly re‐oxidizes or undergoes disproportionation. The long‐standing paradigm of 5‐deazaflavin being solely a two‐electron/hydride acceptor/donor—“a nicotinamide in flavin clothing”—needs to be re‐evaluated now with the indirect observation of a one‐electron‐reduced (paramagnetic) species using photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo‐CIDNP) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under biologically relevant conditions.
Tumor microenvironment‐activatable oridonin‐loaded iron‐based metal–organic frameworks for targeting cancer therapy
Authors: Zong Zhihui , Xie Wen , Gao Fangxin , Shen Jingyi , Pan Zhicheng , Liang Lili
Published: August 2023

Oridonin (Ori) is a natural active component with superior anticancer properties; however, its clinical application is severely limited by the inherent properties of short half‐life, limited bioavailability, and low water solubility. Some metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have unique porous structure and appropriate nanometer particle size that are attractive in drug delivery. Herein, a folic acid (FA)‐functionalized Fe‐MOF was designed to efficiently incorporate Ori for targeting delivery to cancer cells and improve anticancer effects. The synthesized Fe‐MOF‐FA@Ori showed an average particle size of 200 nm with a loading capacity of 12.57%. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that Fe‐MOF‐FA@Ori was effective in inhibiting the proliferation of SMMC‐7721 cells. Mechanistically, the synthesized nanoparticle induced apoptosis and blocked the progression of the G0/G1 phase cell cycle on SMMC‐7721 cells. Cell metastasis and invasion assays demonstrated that Fe‐MOF‐FA@Ori had good anti‐metastatic ability against SMMC‐7721 cells. Overall, Fe‐MOF‐FA is a potent drug carrier for targeting cancer therapy.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of trinuclear heterobimetallic complexes of Ni (II) derived by the reaction of [Ni(C10H10N2)2]Cl2 with dialkyl/diaryl organometallic dichlorides
Authors: Pinki  , Chaudhary Ashu , Mamta
Published: August 2023

The newly designed trinuclear heterobimetallic complexes [Ni(L)2(M)2R4Cl2] were synthesized by using methanolic solution of mononuclear Ni (II) complex and various organometallic dichlorides (where L = 1,8‐diaminaphthalene [C10H10N2], M = Sn [IV], Si [IV], Ti [IV] and Zr [IV] and R = Ph, Me, C5H5, etc.). The synthesized complexes were characterized on the basis of physico‐chemical and spectral (FTIR, UV‐visible, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, 119Sn‐NMR, Mass, and PXRD) studies. IR spectroscopy confirmed the coordination of ‐NH2 group to the metal centre. PXRD patterns showed the crystalline nature of all the synthesized complexes. Among the synthesized complexes, mononuclear metal complex adopted square planar geometry, while trinuclear heterobimetallic complexes adopted distorted octahedral geometry. This geometry is also supported by DFT calculations. The in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of these resulting compounds has been scrutinized against a number of bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphyloccocus aureus) by agar disc diffusion method and fungal strains (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) by disc diffusion method, and promising results were attained. The in vitro cytotoxicity activity of the synthesized complexes has been scrutinized against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) using MTT assay and showed higher cytotoxicity than cis‐platin. Furthermore, their non‐toxic nature was confirmed when they tested against human normal keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The results indicated better biological activity of heterobimetallic complexes than their monometallic complex.
Nanoarchitectonics of lithium ion pathways through pores in a carbon framework for improving the storage capability and reversibility of lithium metal anode
Authors: Han Sang A , Suh Joo Hyeong , Park Min‐Sik , Kim Jung Ho
Published: August 2023

The utilization of lithium (Li) metal as an anode has attracted significant attention for high‐energy Li batteries. Unfortunately, uncontrollable Li dendrite cannot be avoided during Li plating and stripping. Much intensive research has been conducted to suppress the dendritic growth by confinement of metallic Li in host architectures. Recently, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with a porous features have been used to explore a new approach to storing the Li metal with the advantages of their structural and chemical stability, large surface areas, and large pore cavities. Herein, we investigate the storage capability of metallic Li in a porous carbon framework derived from ZIFs as a function of carbonization temperature. Diversities in pore volumes and channels, the degree of crystallinity, the amount of residual zinc (Zn) metal, and the electrical conductivity can all be controlled by temperature. We demonstrate that well‐connected pore channels and adequate electrical conductivity secure the Li‐ion pathways and that well‐distributed Zn clusters in porous carbon trigger the outward growth of metallic Li from inside the frameworks, resulting in a relatively low overpotential and long‐lasting cyclability. Our findings can provide practical insight into advanced electrode design for next‐generation Li metal batteries.
Micromechanical analysis of age‐induced strength reduction in a multiaxially loaded short‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic
Authors: Wismans Martijn , van den Broek Sten J. J. , van Breemen Lambèrt C. A. , Govaert Leon E. , Engels Tom A. P.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we demonstrate that the strength of a short‐fiber reinforced polymer as measured in uniaxial tension is not a good indicator for its strength under multiaxial loading conditions. To illustrate this fact, the influence of physical aging on the strength of a 20 wt% short‐fiber reinforced polycarbonate is studied for a uniaxial and biaxial loading condition. Results demonstrate that aging strongly reduces the strength in multiaxial loading, whereas, it increases in uniaxial loading. To rationalize these observations, a micromechanical analysis of the local stress state is performed using three‐dimensional (3D) representative volume elements (RVE) in combination with a constitutive model that adequately describes the intrinsic deformation response of the matrix. RVE simulations demonstrate that biaxial loading results in higher local hydrostatic stresses and triaxiality than the uniaxial loadcase for the composite system considered, and aging results in a shift towards higher values. The high triaxiality, the magnitude of the hydrostatic stress, and the shift in hydrostatic stress upon aging, presents a clear rationalization why physical aging induces a strength reduction in biaxial loading and not in uniaxial loading. These results highlight that care should be taken when predicting strength under complex loading conditions with only uniaxial data available.
Study on damping and self‐healing properties of polyurethane materials based on dynamic synergetic control of disulfide bond and imine bond
Authors: Dong Guangchao , Chang Yuanzhi , Li Cangang , Zhao Lifen , Tian Xiujuan , Liu Xueping
Published: August 2023

Polyurethane is a widely used viscoelastic polymer known for its exceptional damping properties. This paper focuses on the introduction of disulfide and imine bonds into the polyurethane matrix to enhance its damping capabilities, mechanical properties, and self‐healing ability. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the synergistic effect of disulfide bond and imine bonds extends the effective damping temperature range of the polyurethane to 118°C (−18 to 100°C), while the effective damping frequency extrapolates to a range of 10−2–105 Hz. Furthermore, the addition of imide bonds compensates for the relatively low mechanical properties associated with disulfide bonds, allowing the polyurethane to achieve a tensile strength of 14.7 MPa at room temperature. Self‐repair tests reveal that the combined action of these two dynamic bonds enables a remarkable 97% repair efficiency of polyurethane, exhibiting excellent self‐healing performance. This study presents a novel approach to enhance the comprehensive properties of polyurethane.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) antibacterial films containing cross‐linked chitosan‐citric and photosensitive curcumin
Authors: Kong Dexin , Wei Wenguang , Zhi Xiujuan , Du Bin , Chen Xiangning
Published: August 2023

Composite films PVA‐CS‐Curx (x = 0, 0.01, 0.06 and 0.12%) were successfully obtained by using vacuum‐drying at 80°C. The occurrence of nonenzymatic browning and cross‐linking of chitosan‐citric improved the thermal stability, water‐resistance, and mechanical property of films. Under the same humidity, the oxygen permeability of PVA‐CS‐Curx showed the dependence of test temperature and curcumin concentration (P < 0.05). Relative to other films, the oxygen permeability (10−14 cc μm cm−2 s−1 Pa−1) of PVA‐CS‐Cur0.12 was 3.47 ± 0.55, 4.72 ± 0.94, and 7.29 ± 0.45 at 23, 30, and 40°C, respectively, showing gentle upward trend as temperature increased. Under white light irradiation, excellent antibacterial capability of PVA‐CS‐Curx demonstrated that polycationic chitosan‐citric complex and curcumin immobilized in films played the roles as synergistic antibacterial agents. Upon white irradiation of 20 min at 60 mW cm−2, the bactericidal rate of PVA‐CS‐Cur0.12 reached to 94.0 ± 3.09%. The excellent decontamination in meat preservation endowed films with the possibility in application of food decontamination.
Equity market performance: The role of environmental protection and corporate social responsibility efforts
Authors: Panda Anupriya , Ray Koustubh Kanti
Published: August 2023

Businesses that contribute to social welfare and development are regarded as reliable and generate more wealth for their stakeholders. This study attempts to determine how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental protection measures influence the financial performance of Indian businesses. A panel dataset containing 330 Nifty 500 companies is included to determine their relationship. The quarterly and semi‐annual share prices are employed as proxies for the financial performance of companies. In the regression model, the lagged share prices (log) of two periods serve as the response variable, while the CSR and the CSR plus the environment and pollution control expenses (CSREP) serve as explanatory variables. The results suggest that the fixed‐effect regression model is suitable where the explanatory variables are time‐invariant and the relationship between the dependent and explanatory variables across firms is constant over time. Our analysis indicates that CSR spending alone has little effect on the share prices of companies over two prospective time periods. However, as companies invest more in environmental and pollution control activities in addition to their CSR expenditure, the market recognises this as a significant factor, and their share prices rise. Consequently, we discovered that CSREP (CSR plus environmental and pollution control expenditure) is a significant factor that influences quarterly and semi‐annual share prices.
Common institutional ownership and green innovation in family businesses: Evidence from China
Authors: Ding Hao
Published: August 2023

Given the ubiquity of family businesses and the growing importance of ecological sustainability, it is crucial to promote family businesses to carry out green innovation activities and enhance their green innovation capability. In recent years, the prevalence of common institutional ownership in capital markets has attracted the attention of the academic community. Drawing on socioemotional wealth theory and strategic reference point theory, this paper tries to explore the impact of common institutional ownership on green innovation in family businesses. Using data from Chinese‐listed family businesses from 2009 to 2021, this paper finds that common institutional ownership can facilitate green innovation in family businesses. The higher the degree of their linkage and the greater the shareholding, the more pronounced the synergistic effect. The findings remained valid after considering the endogeneity issue and conducting robustness tests. The mechanism test suggests that common institutional ownership enhances green innovation in family businesses by improving the internal control quality and reducing financing constraints. This paper contributes to the study of how to effectively facilitate green innovation in family businesses by identifying the common institutional ownership from the perspective of external governance mechanisms. In addition, this paper enriches the research on the economic consequences of common institutional ownership. Finally, various practical implications for family businesses and policymakers may be realized, which may help family businesses to enhance their green innovation capabilities and contribute to the green transformation of society.
Sustainable development barriers and pressures in SMEs: The mediating effect of management commitment to environmental practices
Authors: Madrid‐Guijarro Antonia , Duréndez Antonio
Published: August 2023

There is a broad consensus about Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises' (SMEs) responsibility for global pollution, resource consumption, and waste generation. However, numerous researchers have identified a research gap in the context of SMEs' managerial and operational environmental insights. Concretely, this gap involves management commitment, the drivers and barriers to sustainability, and their impact on SMEs' environmental performance. This study, grounded on the institutional, stakeholder, and upper echelon theories, fills this gap. We test our hypotheses using a quantitative empirical approach with structural equation modeling on a dataset of 351 SMEs. Our findings show the key role of management commitment to environmental performance in SMEs since it exerts a positive mediating effect on the relationship between the drivers of sustainability and environmental performance. Based on the Upper Echelon Theory, results demonstrate the relevance of the mediating effect of management commitment (values, skills, and attitudes) to encourage sustainable business models of SMEs in order to reduce pollution, emissions, energy consumption, and noise, as well as promote the development of sustainable products and facilities.
Airway management and quadratus lumborum block for inguinal hernia repair in context of chromosome 4q deletion: A case report
Authors: Lovell Katie , Larkins Michael C. , Pasli Melisa , Hutton Adrienne L.
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Chromosome 4q Deletion Syndrome (4QDS) is a rare chromosomal deletion that presents with various congenital defects that could affect anesthetic management. We present a patient with known 4QDS who underwent successful general anesthetic induction, tracheal intubation, and subsequently, bilateral quadratus lumborum nerve blocks, during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair surgery.

Chromosome 4q deletion syndrome (4QDS) is a rare chromosomal deletion with the potential for congenital defects that could affect the anesthetic management of affected patients, specifically with inconsistent reports of possible laryngeal narrowing which could precipitate intubation difficulties. We present a report of a patient with known 4QDS who underwent successful general anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation, followed by subsequent bilateral quadratus lumborum nerve blocks, in the context of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair surgery. Given the inconsistent presentation of patients with 4QDS reported in the literature, steps were taken to exercise sufficient caution concerning the overall management of this patient per the most recent guidelines for pediatric patients.
Tape‐splint tarsorrhaphy technique to manage exposure keratopathy in a patient refusing surgical intervention
Authors: Noorani Soha , Kim Dooho Brian
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case report describes the benefits of a unique tape‐splinting technique to serve as a nonsurgical tarsorrhaphy in the management of exposure keratopathy in a patient who refuses surgical intervention.
Visible‐Light‐Irradiated Multicomponent Reactions of Aliphatic Amines, Propiolate Acid Esters, and CF3SO2Na for Accessing β‐CF3 Enamines
Authors: Tang Yisong , Huang Mingyang , Jiang Liang , Zhang Xiaotong , Zheng Shaojun , Yang Yong , Chen Xiao Yun
Published: August 2023

A novel one‐pot two‐step multicomponent reaction has been achieved for the preparation of β‐CF3 enamines by using different aliphatic amines, propiolates, and CF3SO2Na as starting material. In this protocol, various aliphatic amines including primary amines, cyclic or acyclic secondary amines were demonstrated to be good coupling partners, and different β‐CF3 enamines were obtained in moderate to good yields. Among them, the primary aliphatic amines only gave pure (E)‐β‐CF3 enamines as products. The synthetic utility of the MCRs strategy was further demonstrated by mild conditions, gram‐scale synthesis and natural sunlight‐induced protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that this trifluoromethylation of C(sp2)−H involves radical process.
Tau, ADNP, and sex
Authors: Gozes Illana
Published: August 2023

With 50 years to the original discovery of Tau, I gave here my perspective, looking through the prism of activity‐dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), and the influence of sex. My starting point was vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a regulator of ADNP. I then moved to the original discovery of ADNP and its active neuroprotective site, NAP, drug candidate, davunetide. Tau–ADNP–NAP interactions were then explained with emphasis on sex and future translational medicine.
A generalization of Geroch's conjecture
Authors: Brendle Simon , Hirsch Sven , Johne Florian
Published: August 2023

The Theorem of Bonnet–Myers implies that manifolds with topology do not admit a metric of positive Ricci curvature, while the resolution of Geroch's conjecture implies that the torus does not admit a metric of positive scalar curvature. In this work we introduce a new notion of curvature interpolating between Ricci and scalar curvature (so‐calledm‐intermediate curvature), and use stable weighted slicings to show that for and the manifolds do not admit a metric of positivem‐intermediate curvature.
Molecular Ruthenium Cyclopentadienone Bifunctional Catalysts for the Conversion of Sugar Platforms to Hydrogen
Authors: Messori Alessandro , Martelli Giulia , Piazzi Andrea , Basile Francesco , De Maron Jacopo , Fasolini Andrea , Mazzoni Rita
Published: August 2023

Molecular ruthenium cyclopentadienone complexes were employed for the first time as pre‐catalysts in the homogeneously catalysed Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) of glucose. Shvo's complex resulted the best pre‐catalyst (loading 2 mol %) with H2 yields up to 28.9 % at 150 °C. Studies of the final mixture allowed to identify the catalyst's resting state as a mononuclear dicarbonyl complex in the extracted organic fraction. In situ NMR experiments and HPLC analyses on the aqueous fraction gave awareness of the presence of sorbitol, fructose, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural as final fate or intermediates in the transformations under APR conditions. These results were summarized in a proposed mechanism, with particular emphasis on the steps where hydrogen was obtained as the product. Benzoquinone positively affected the catalyst activation when employed as an equimolar additive.
School shooters: How psychiatrists can be involved in risk assessment
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2023

A session on violence in and out of the classroom at the American Psychiatric Association conference in May shone a light on risk assessment, from the point of view of psychiatrists, including forensic psychiatrists.
Guns and youth: Using the Extreme Risk Protective Order Law in Maryland
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2023

A new study has found that in many cases, youth who die by gun‐related suicide obtained the weapons from their families through culturally rooted traditions. The study, released this spring at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, shed light on the biggest problem related to youths and gun violence: it's not mass shootings, which are rare, but suicides, which are common. Guns are an especially lethal form of suicide, with little room for second thoughts or chances.
White House takes steps to protect young people from the harms of social media
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2023

This year the White House announced a plan to do something about the problems of social media and youth, saying “there is now undeniable evidence that social media and other online platforms have contributed to our youth mental health crisis.”
Gender‐affirming care important to mental health of adolescents
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2023

It's ironic that the very places where young people whose gender identity is different from the sex that was assigned at birth seek help — psychiatric hospitals — may cause harm by not affirming the youth's gender identities. Such youth are twice as likely to access psychiatric inpatient care as cisgender peers, and research has shown that the stress these youth face from having to deal with transphobic systems — including, sometimes, unsupportive parents, school staff, and peers — may play a factor in their increased risk of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self‐harm. An editorial in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry noted that higher rates of mental health challenges among these young people explain why they access inpatient services more frequently than cisgender peers. Research has found that these young people “often experience discrimination during psychiatric inpatient admissions (e.g., being misgendered during admission intake, facing stigmatization for an evolving gender identity, and receiving care from staff who have not been trained to provide gender‐affirming care), the editorial added. This is despite the fact that organizations such as the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry underscore the importance of “psychiatric care that is inclusive and affirming,” for these youth. [McKenna, J. L., Anglemyer, E., McGregor, K. (2023, Jun 24). Gender‐affirming mental health care for transgender and gender diverse youth on pediatric inpatient psychiatry units. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, S0890‐8567(23)00330‐1. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.021. Online ahead of print.]
How brain structure relates to psychopathology across diagnoses in pre‐adolescents
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2023

Using data from the federal government's Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, researchers have identified specific brain structure features that might contribute to transdiagnostic (across diagnostic categories) psychopathology development in preadolescence. The study found that children with smaller total brain volume and surface area may be vulnerable to persistent general psychopathology during preadolescence. “Cortical thinning reflective of pruning and myelination in sensorimotor and temporal brain regions specifically may protect against increases in internaliz‐ing, but not general psychopathology, during preadolescence,” according to the study. In general, structural neural alterations have been associated with the “p factor” (higher “p” scores are associated with developmental problems and other issues, but not specifically related to diagnoses). However, less is known about how the brain al‐terations relate within time in an individual, especially during preadolescence, when many neurodevelopmental changes are taking place. This study looked at the trajectory of the p factor and specific forms of psychopathology over 2 years in 9,220 preadolescents (aged 9–10 years at baseline). The study found that smaller volume and surface area of the brain, but not thickness, were associated with higher p factor scores which persisted over time in between‐person (how individuals differ) but not within‐person (how change occurs in a particular individual) p factor scores. “Lower baseline cortical thickness was associated with steeper decreases in internalizing psychopathology, which was driven by lower thickness within sensorimotor and temporal regions.” [Romer, A. L., Ren, B., Pizzagalli, D. A. (2023, Feb 9). Brain structure relations with psychopathology trajectories in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, S0890‐8567(23)00057‐6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.02.002.]
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of novel steroidal heterocyclic analogs as potent inhibitors of RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Elmasry Ghada F. , Ali Roaa A. , El‐kady Dina S. , El‐Moghazy Samir M. , Elmegeed Gamal A. , Tantawy Mohamed A.
Published: August 2023

Osteoporosis is a significant public health issue in our aging population. It is an excessive bone resorption condition brought on by osteoclastogenesis, which makes bones more brittle. In the present work, a series of novel heterosteroidal derivatives have been synthesized using the microwave technique and were evaluated as antiosteoclastogenic agents. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed using analytical and spectral data. The antiosteoclastogenic activity of the newly synthesized compounds was estimated in vitro against osteoclast‐differentiated cells from the RAW 264.7 cell line. The pregnenolone dimer 10, the pyridinotestosterone derivative 2, and the phenylnicotinonitrile pregnenolone derivative 8a attained the most promising antiosteoclastogenic activity displaying IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) values of 5.45 ± 5.30, 11.88 ± 2.09, and 13.40 ± 3.00 µM, respectively, in comparison with dimethyl itaconate (IC50 = 17.76 ± 3.20 µM) and alendronate (IC50 = 4.48 ± 1.89 µM) as reference compounds. Finally, an in silico ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) study was conducted to evaluate the synthesized compounds' pharmacokinetic and drug‐likeness properties. The results manifested that almost all the investigated compounds' properties were compatible with the specified optimal range, which indicates their reassuring pharmacokinetic properties.
Skeletal age during hurricane impacts fluctuating asymmetry in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques
Authors: Romero Ashly N. , Dickinson Edwin , Turcotte Cassandra M. , Terhune Claire E.
Published: August 2023

As natural disasters become more frequent due to climate change, understanding the biological impact of these ecological catastrophes on wild populations becomes increasingly pertinent. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), or random deviations from bilateral symmetry, is reflective of developmental instability and has long been positively associated with increases in environmental stress. This study investigates craniofacial FA in a population of free‐ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that has experienced multiple Category 3 hurricanes since the colony's inception on Cayo Santiago, including 275 individuals from ages 9 months to 31 years (F = 154; M = 121). Using geometric morphometrics to quantify FA and a linear mixed‐effect model for analysis, we found that sex, age, and decade of birth did not influence the amount of FA in the individuals included in the study, but the developmental stage at which individuals experienced these catastrophic events greatly impacted the amount of FA exhibited (p = .001). Individuals that experienced these hurricanes during fetal life exhibited greater FA than any other post‐natal developmental period. These results indicate that natural disasters can be associated with developmental disruption that results in long‐term effects if occurring during the prenatal period, possibly due to increases in maternal stress‐related hormones.
Trichloromethylative Olefin Lactonization by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Harada Shinji , Koyama Ryotaro , Masuda Ryuya , Arai Shigeru
Published: August 2023

A trichloromethylative olefin lactonization reaction using an iridium photoredox catalyst was developed. The reactions proceeded at room temperature for olefins with various substituents and substitution patterns, and a variety of lactones with a tetrasubstituted carbon and trichloromethyl group were obtained regio‐ and stereoselectively. The reaction mechanism was elucidated through isotope labeling experiments. The chemical properties of the lactones containing the trichloromethyl groups were investigated, and synthetic transformations of the product were realized.
Solvent effects on the graphite surface targeting the construction of voltammetric sensors with potential applications in pharmaceutical area
Authors: Vilela Thainá M. , Gonçalves Mateus A. , Martins Roberta C. , Bazzana Matheus J. F. , Saczk Adelir A. , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Felix Fabiana S.
Published: August 2023

In this paper the effect of different solvents (ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane and hexane) in the surface treatment of graphite for the construction of voltammetric sensors was evaluated. During voltammetric experiments of the graphite powder‐based sensor treated with ethanol, it was possible to observe a significant increase in current signals for the redox process of the model analyte (acetaminophen), as well as an increase in the area density of this sensor compared to its unmodified electrode. Theoretical studies involving Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) showed greater interaction and stability when graphite was treated with ethanol solvent. Moreover, the theoretical calculations indicated that treating the voltammetric sensor with ethanol offers improvements in the electrochemical response of the model analyte mainly due to a higher spin density, and a partially covalent interaction between solvent and graphite surface. Therefore, graphite powder‐based sensors treated with ethanol were used for determination of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical samples and their results were in good agreement with those obtained by using spectrophotometric method recommended by Pharmacopoeia.
Effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy for patients aged 14 to 25: A promising treatment for anorexia nervosa in transition‐age youth
Authors: Dalle Grave Riccardo , Sartirana Massimiliano , Dalle Grave Anna , Calugi Simona
Published: August 2023

Objective

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT‐E) on patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) aged 14 to 25 treated in a real‐world setting.

Method

One hundred and fifteen patients with AN (n = 61, age <18 years) were recruited from consecutive referrals to a clinical eating disorder service offering outpatient CBT‐E. Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI centiles, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Clinical Impairment Assessment scores were recorded at admission, at the end of treatment, and at 20‐week follow‐up.

Results

The seventy‐two patients (62.6%) who finished the programme showed considerable weight gain and reduced scores for clinical impairment and eating‐disorder and general psychopathology. Changes remained stable at 20 weeks. A comparison between adolescent and adult patients indicates similar improvements in eating‐disorder psychopathology.

Conclusions

The benchmark data yielded by this study suggest that CBT‐E is a well‐accepted and promising treatment that could be adopted to ensure continuity of care across the transitional age.
Puerarin protects against acetaminophen‐induced oxidative damage in liver through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Wanhai , He Heng , Wei Qin , Che Litao , Zhao Xin , Liu Wenwen , Yan Yue , Hu Lianqing , Du Yonghua , Yin Zhongqiong , Shuai Yongkang , Yang Li , Feng Ruizhang
Published: August 2023

Puerarin (Pue) is a kind of isoflavone compound extracted from Pueraria lobata, which has significant antioxidant activity. Excessive use of acetaminophen (APAP) can cause oxidative stress in the liver and eventually lead to acute liver injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and the mechanism of puerarin on APAP‐induced liver oxidative damage. In in vitro experiments, puerarin significantly increased the cell activity of HepG2 cells, reduced the ROS accumulation, alleviated the oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. In in vivo studies, our results showed that puerarin enhanced antioxidant activity and alleviated histopathological damage. Further studies showed that puerarin decreased the expression of Keap1, promoted the nuclear migration of Nrf2, and up‐regulated the expression of GCLC, GCLM, HO‐1 and NQO1. This study demonstrated that puerarin can protect APAP‐induced liver injury via alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by affecting the nuclear migration of Nrf2 via inhibiting Keap1.
How storage time affects sensory, chemical, and physical characteristics of flavored olive oil
Authors: Kacalova Tereza , Jarosova Alzbeta
Published: August 2023

The objectives of this study were to evaluate sensory, chemical, and physical characteristics of olive oil prepared by three flavoring methods and analyze changes during storage (0, 3, and 6 months). Favored olive oil was prepared by three flavoring methods (fresh, dried, and essential oil). Selected sensory, chemical, and color parameters were monitored based on international standards. The color was determined by spectrophotometer. The results confirmed that storage time and flavoring method affect sensory characteristics of the oil. Fresh garlic oil had significantly lower (p < .05) fruity smell. The level of pungent taste significantly increased (p < .05) in the dried rosemary oil, rosemary essential oil, and fresh and dried garlic flavored oils. The intensity of rosemary smell in the sample flavored with essential oil significantly decreased (p < .05) during storage. Opposite effect was observed in the sample flavored with dried rosemary, where the smell significantly increased (p < .05) during storage. The intensity of taste significantly increased (p < .05) in samples flavored by dried rosemary during storage. The peroxide value of all flavored oils samples increased (p < .05) during storage compared to unflavored oil where peroxide value did not change. Color indicators L*, a*, and b* show that addition of fresh rosemary causes the greatest change in olive oil color. The color change, especially the turbidity, was not perceived positive by tasters.
The relationships between income, life satisfaction and emotional well‐being in European countries differing in wealth
Authors: Connolly Filip Fors , Gärling Tommy
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate whether income has different relationships to subjective well‐being in richer countries compared to poorer ones. We report analyses based on interview data collected in the European Social Survey (n = 72,574) that examine how income relates to life satisfaction (LS) and emotional well‐being (EWB) in 28 European countries, varying in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Our results indicate that the within‐country correlations of income with LS and EWB decrease as GDP per capita increases. Partial correlations controlling for EWB are positive but do not vary with GDP per capita, whereas partial correlations controlling for LS vary inversely with GDP per capita. We hypothesise that the invariant income‐LS relationships result from effects of relative income on social comparisons, while the varying income‐EWB relationships result from the negative impacts of time scarcity in richer countries and the buffering of negative experiences in poorer ones.
Gleason Grade Group 4 prostate biopsy with no cancer seen on final pathology in the magnetic resonance imaging and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen‐Positron Emission Tomography era
Authors: Mookerji Nikhile , Mittal Rohan , Hui Amaris , Pfanner Tyler , Broomfield Stacey , Dean Luke , Adam Benjamin , Fung Christopher , Tamm Alexander , Kinnaird Adam
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The absence of prostate cancer on final surgical pathology after biopsy‐proven prostate cancer is a rare finding.

Case presentation

Case of pT0 prostate cancer following Gleason Grade Group 4 in 1 out of 12 cores from a transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy in a man who underwent both magnetic resonance imaging and 18F‐PSMA‐1007 Positron Emission Tomography prior to radical prostatectomy.

Conclusion

pT0 prostate cancer is rare. The use of novel imaging modalities may help in the workup of prostate cancer.
Sacrificial biomaterials in 3D fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Wang Chi , Zhou Yingge
Published: August 2023

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology has progressed exceedingly in the area of tissue engineering. Despite the tremendous potential of 3D printing, building scaffolds with complex 3D structure, especially with soft materials, still exist as a challenge due to the low mechanical strength of the materials. Recently, sacrificial materials have emerged as a possible solution to address this issue, as they could serve as temporary support or templates to fabricate scaffolds with intricate geometries, porous structures, and interconnected channels without deformation or collapse. Here, we outline the various types of scaffold biomaterials with sacrificial materials, their pros and cons, and mechanisms behind the sacrificial material removal, compare the manufacturing methods such as salt leaching, electrospinning, injection‐molding, bioprinting with advantages and disadvantages, and discuss how sacrificial materials could be applied in tissue‐specific applications to achieve desired structures. We finally conclude with future challenges and potential research directions.
Endocortical Trabecularization in Acromegaly: The Cause for the Paradoxically Increased Vertebral Fracture Risk?
Authors: Heck Ansgar , Godang Kristin , Lekva Tove , Markussen Kjersti Norman , De Vincentis Sara , Ueland Thor , Bollerslev Jens
Published: August 2023

Growth hormone (GH) is nonphysiologically increased in acromegaly, stimulating target tissues directly and indirectly via insulin‐like growth factor type 1 (IGF‐1). Despite GH having anabolic effects on bone growth and renewal, the risk of vertebral fractures is paradoxically increased in acromegaly. We hypothesized that bone tissue compartments were differentially affected by hormonal alterations in active and controlled acromegaly. We aimed to study the effect of sex and gonadal status on long‐term outcome of bone mass and structure to understand the biomechanical competence of bone. We followed 62 patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly longitudinally (median 4.8 years after pituitary surgery) to investigate changes assessed by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), trabecular bone score (TBS), and hip structure analysis (HSA). At diagnosis, patients had increased bone mineral density (BMD) in most compartments compared with normative data (Z‐scores). Conversely, TBS Z‐score was decreased (Z = −0.64 (SD 1.73), p = 0.028). Following treatment of acromegaly, BMD increased further in compartments containing predominantly trabecular bone, such as the lumbar spine, in eugonadal and male subjects, while compartments with predominantly cortical bone, such as the hip and femoral neck, were unchanged. Total body measurements showed further increase in BMD independent of sex and gonadal status. TBS did not change. HSA revealed a significant decrease in cortical thickness in both sexes independent of gonadal status, whereas the overall size of bone (hip axis length and neck width) did not change over time. In conclusion, patients with acromegaly had increased bone mass and dimensions by DXA. Following normalization of disease activity, BMD increased mainly in compartments rich in trabecular bone, reflecting a closure of the remodeling space. However, HSA revealed a significant decrease in cortical thickness, implying endocortical trabecularization, potentially explaining the increased risk for incident vertebral fractures following treatment. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The relationship between purpose in life and depression and anxiety: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Boreham Ian D. , Schutte Nicola S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose in life consists of having a sense of meaning and purpose regarding one's activities as well as an overall sense that life is meaningful. This study reports a comprehensive assessment of the relationship of purpose in life with depression and anxiety. A meta‐analysis (total n = 66,468, total k = 99) investigated the association of purpose in life with depression and anxiety. Across samples, greater purpose in life was significantly associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety. The mean weighted effect size between purpose in life and depression was r = −0.49, [95% confidence intervals, CIs: −0.52, −0.45], p < 0.001. For the purpose in life and anxiety the mean weighted effect size was r = −0.36, [95% CIs: −0.40, −0.32], p < 0.001. The association of purpose in life with mental health was stronger for clinical populations, especially with regard to the relationship with anxiety. Both approach deficits and avoidance motivation are argued to play a role in the relationship between purpose and psychopathology, with greater purpose potentially limiting avoidance tendencies and reducing the effects of depression and anxiety. Understanding the role that purpose in life may play in depression and anxiety could help to inform current conceptualizations of these disorders and improve treatment outcomes.
Sperm morphology and comparison morphometry measurements of two species of bats,Molossus molossusandMolossops temminckii(Chiroptera: Molossidae)
Authors: Dip Ana Sofía , Martín Eduardo , Andrada Rubén Aldo , Hernández Marcela Beatriz , Miotti María Daniela
Published: August 2023

Sperm morphology is considered a species‐specific character and has been used as a tool in the classification of numerous mammalian taxa. Neotropical bats have been poorly studied, and important aspects on sperm morphology have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare the sperm morphology and morphometry ofMolossus molossusandMolossops temminckii. A total of 14 adults specimens were analyzed from the Colección Mamíferos Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán: fiveM. molossusand nineM. temminckii. The epididymis were extracted and macerated in Farmer's solution, followed by a coloration with different stains. To carry out the description and morphometric analysis, microphotographs were taken under an optical, epifluorescence, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A total of 50 sperm from each individual were measured for morphometric analysis. The length and width of the head, midpiece and tail were taken as variables. Sperm fromM. molossusandM. temminckiiwere practically identical, both morphologically and morphometrically. In both species, a distal bulge was observed at the end of the intermediate piece in a percentage greater than 85%. The main characteristics shared between the species were: presence of acrosomal blebs in the upper half of the head of the spermatozoa; cephalic equatorial segment with filiform ornamentations; intermembrane space of head apex wedge‐shaped; helical middle piece and annulus at the end of middle piece. In the present study, SEM allowed us to visualize structures, such as acrosomal vesicles, that were not detected with other types of microscopy.

Research Highlights

The similarities in the sperm morphology betweenM. molossusandM. temminckiiwere observed with three types of microscopy: optical, epifluorescence and scanning electron, and supported by morphometric and statistical analyses.
Molecular MR Imaging of Prostate Cancer by Specified Iron Oxide Nanoparticles With PSMA‐11 Peptides: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Ghorbani Farzaneh , Aminzadeh Behzad , Borji Nahid , Soudmand Samaneh , Montazerabadi Alireza
Published: August 2023

Background

Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) can provide a prostate cancer (PCa) detection approach in positron emission tomography (PET) using Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved PSMA‐11 peptide. There are some studies evaluated magnetic‐nanoprobes for PSMA detection by MRI, using non‐FDA‐approved ligands including antibodies or peptides, which are not as specific as PSMA‐11.

Purpose

To assess targeted iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) by PSMA‐11 peptides as a potential specific nano‐molecular probes to investigate a PSMA+ PCa‐xenograft model by MRI.

Study Type

Prospective.

Animal Model

Twenty male C57BL6 nude mice induced subcutaneously PSMA+ LNCaP cell line tumor.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T, T2‐W Fast Spin echo and T2*‐W Gradient echo.

Assessment

Coated IONPs with Carboxymethylated‐dextran (DNPs) and with bovine serum albumin (BNPs), as well as, targeted DNPs with PSMA‐11‐HYNIC peptide (TDNPs) and targeted BNPs with PSMA‐11‐HBED peptide (TBNPs) were injected intravenously with dose 2.8 mg Fe/kg. Coronal T2‐W and the T2*‐W images were obtained before and 4 hours and 6 hours post‐injection. Signal intensity (SI) and relative signal enhancement (RSE) were computed in two‐ and three‐dimensional analyses. Histological analysis of tumors was evaluated, and the Fe distribution within the body based on atomic absorption spectroscopy was calculated.

Statistical Tests

One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test, Paired‐samples T‐test, P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A reduction in T2‐W SI was achieved as 22 ± 7%, 59 ± 3%, 65 ± 5%, and 78 ± 3% respectively for BNPs, TBNPs, DNPs, and TDNPs 6 hours post‐injection. The most difference between targeted and non‐targeted groups was observed at 6 hours for PSMA‐11‐HBED, and at 4 hours for PSMA‐11‐HYNIC. RSE indicated 88.6 ± 3.1% and 80.7 ± 3.2% enhanced contrast between tumor and muscle region for TBNPs and TDNPs on T2*‐W images.

Conclusions

Both TBNPs and TDNPs are promising novel nano‐molecular probes for PSMA+ PCa tumor detection. The injection dose of non‐targeted IONPs can be reduced by using targeted nanoprobes three times for BNPs and two times for DNPs.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1