bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Complexity Landscape of Fixed-Parameter Directed Steiner Network Problems
Authors: Feldmann Andreas Emil , Marx Dániel
Published: June 2023

Given a directed graph
G
and a list (
s
1
,
t
1
), …, (
s

d

,
t

d

) of terminal pairs, the
Directed Steiner Network
problem asks for a minimum-cost subgraph of
G
that contains a directed
s

i

→
t

i

path for every 1≤
i
≤
d
. The special case
Directed Steiner Tree
(when we ask for paths from a root
r
to terminals
t
1
, …,
t

d

) is known to be fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the number of terminals, while the special case
Strongly Connected Steiner Subgraph
(when we ask for a path from every
t

i

to every other
t

j

) is known to be W[1]-hard parameterized by the number of terminals. We systematically explore the complexity landscape of directed Steiner problems to fully understand which other special cases are FPT or W[1]-hard. Formally, if ℋ is a class of directed graphs, then we look at the special case of
Directed Steiner Network
where the list (
s
1
,
t
1
), …, (
s

d

,
t

d

) of demands form a directed graph that is a member of ℋ. Our main result is a complete characterization of the classes ℋ resulting in fixed-parameter tractable special cases: we show that if every pattern in ℋ has the combinatorial property of being “transitively equivalent to a bounded-length caterpillar with a bounded number of extra edges,” then the problem is FPT, and it is W[1]-hard for
every
recursively enumerable ℋ not having this property. This complete dichotomy unifies and generalizes the known results showing that
Directed Steiner Tree
is FPT [Dreyfus and Wagner,
Networks
1971],

q
-Root Steiner Tree

is FPT for constant
q
[Suchý,
WG
2016],
Strongly Connected Steiner Subgraph
is W[1]-hard [Guo et al.,
SIAM J. Discrete Math.
2011], and
Directed Steiner Network
is solvable in polynomial-time for constant number of terminals [Feldman and Ruhl,
SIAM J. Comput.
2006], and moreover reveals a large continent of tractable cases that were not known before.
Learning Physically Realizable Skills for Online Packing of General 3D Shapes
Authors: Zhao Hang , Pan Zherong , Yu Yang , Xu Kai
Published: June 2023

We study the problem of learning
online
packing skills for
irregular 3D shapes
, which is arguably the most challenging setting of bin packing problems. The goal is to consecutively move a sequence of 3D objects with arbitrary shapes into a designated container with only partial observations of the object sequence. We take physical realizability into account, involving physics dynamics and constraints of a placement. The packing policy should understand the 3D geometry of the object to be packed and make effective decisions to accommodate it in the container in a physically realizable way. We propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) pipeline to learn the policy. The complex irregular geometry and imperfect object placement together lead to huge solution space. Direct training in such space is prohibitively data intensive. We instead propose a theoretically provable method for candidate action generation to reduce the action space of RL and the learning burden. A parameterized policy is then learned to select the best placement from the candidates. Equipped with an efficient method of asynchronous RL acceleration and a data preparation process of simulation-ready training sequences, a mature packing policy can be trained in a physics-based environment within 48 hours. Through extensive evaluation on a variety of real-life shape datasets and comparisons with state-of-the-art baselines, we demonstrate that our method outperforms the best-performing baseline on all datasets by at least 12.8% in terms of packing utility. We also release our datasets and source code to support further research in this direction.

1
Depressive Symptom Level, Sleep Quality, and Internet Addiction among Medical Students in Home Quarantine during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chaleshi Danial , Badrabadi Fatemeh , Ghadiri Anari Fatemeh , Sorkhizadeh Sepehr , Nematollahi Zahra , Shirdareh Haghighi Mohammad Hosein , Aghabagheri Mahdi
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on the mental health of people around the world. Due to the possible impact of quarantine conditions on mental health, we decided to assess internet addiction, depressive symptom level (DSL), and sleep disorders among medical students during the quarantine of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study was performed among medical students during the COVID-19 quarantine in Iran. Participants were selected using the available sampling method. Sleep quality, internet addiction, and depression were assessed using an online survey of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Also, sociodemographic data including age, gender, marital status, smoking status, living circumstances, and educational status were asked. Participants were asked to share the link in their class social media groups. SPSS (version 16) was used for statistical analysis. Students participated; 64.9% of whom were female (

n
=
564

), and the mean age of participants was 21.3 years. 74.1% of students’ educational status was not mainly clinical. 48.2%, 28.6%, and 27.1% had poor sleep quality, DSL, and internet addiction, respectively. Smoking (AOR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.56-7.76), living with family (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.16-2.66), and using social media for more than 2 hours were defined as predictive factors for depression. 165 participants (19%) were diagnosed with both poor sleep quality and DSL. There was a positive correlation between PSQI and PHQ-9 (

r

: 0.51,

P

value <0.001). A positive correlation was observed between IAT and PHQ-9 (

r

: 0.56,

P

value <0.001). The rate of DSL, internet addiction, and poor sleep quality were increased and strong correlations between them were concluded. Variables of gender, GPA, and smoking status were the most important associated variables.
Research on the Platoon Speed Guidance Strategy at Signalized Intersections in the Connected Vehicle Environment
Authors: Ren Chuanxiang , Wang Li , Yin Changchang , Wang Zhen , Chen Xuehai , Li Juntao
Published: June 2023

The development of connected vehicle (CV) technology has created conditions for improving the traffic efficiency of intersections and provided support for more effective speed guidance at signalized intersections. First, this paper proposes a platoon speed guidance strategy to reduce the fuel consumption and delay of the platoon passing through the intersection and smooth traffic oscillation, which includes constant speed guidance, deceleration guidance, acceleration guidance, and stop guidance. Then, the optimal speed calculation method is designed, including the calculation of the platoon’s passable period and maximum number of passing vehicles, the platoon restructure method, the analysis of the trajectory of the vehicles, and the calculation of the optimal trajectory of the platoon based on the goal of minimum fuel consumption and delay. Finally, eight different intersection scenarios are designed to simulate the proposed platoon speed guidance strategy. The results show that the platoon speed guidance strategy can effectively reduce the fuel consumption and delay of the platoon passing through the intersection and smooth traffic oscillation. In addition, the influences of queue length and CV penetration rate on the platoon speed guidance strategy are also discussed. The results show that when the queue length affects the passable period, the improvement in fuel consumption, drive time, and delay will decrease as the queue length increases. And as the penetration rate increases, the strategy becomes increasingly effective in reducing the delay and fuel consumption of the platoon in general.
Figure S1 from Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution
Authors: Rastegar Bahar , Andersson Natalie , Petersson Alexandra , Karlsson Jenny , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Valind Anders , Jansson Caroline , Durand Geoffroy , Romerius Patrik , Jirström Karin , Holmquist Mengelbier Linda , Gisselsson David
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 Geographic overview of histological and genetic features.
Alteridade, Orientalismo e Silenciamento em Coração das Trevas e Apocalypse Now Alterity, Orientalism, and Silencing in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now
Authors: Uchida Aline Scarmen
Published: June 2023

Este artigo analisa o romance do autor britânico Joseph Conrad, intitulado O Coração das Trevas (2011, edição bilíngue), e sua adaptação para o cinema, Apocalypse Now (1979), dirigida por Francis Ford Coppola, com o intuito de verificar como o colonizado (ou ‘Outro’) é representado em ambos os meios, literário e cinematográfico. Para isso, os estudos pós-coloniais sobre identidade, alteridade (Bhabha 1991) e orientalismo (Said 2007) foram levados em consideração, assim como os pressupostos de Diniz (2005) e Hattnher (2010) sobre Adaptação.
Evelines: semelhanças e Diferenças entre a Literatura de James Joyce e a Adaptação Fílmica de Sara Benvenuto no Contexto Sociocultural
Authors: Damasceno Isabela David de Lima , Ribeiro Raquel Ferreira , Benvenuto Sara Mabel Ancelmo
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho propõe uma análise comparativa entre as personagens do conto “Eveline”, de James Joyce, que se passa na Irlanda do início do século XX, e Eveline, protagonista do curta-metragem Válvula, dirigido por Sara Benvenuto (2020). O filme se passa em Iguatu, cidade do sertão do Ceará nos tempos atuais. Ambas as personagens contemplam as possibilidades de mudança em suas vidas, mas lidam com as amarras impostas pelo seu sexo e contexto sociocultural. Consideramos o conceito de adaptação (Hutcheon 2013), a noção de reescritura (Lefevere 2007) e o estudo da estática cinematográfica (Gardies et al. 2008). A análise foi conduzida em três perspectivas: o da análise literária, do processo de construção da adaptação fílmica e a partir de um olhar pedagógico. Concluímos que, embora haja semelhanças entre as narrativas, os contextos socioculturais da mulher dublinense dos anos 1900 e da mulher interiorana de 2020 se sobressaem.
“La Tribu”: um caso de múltiplas adaptações dentro da narrativa de um filme de ficção do cinema espanhol
Authors: Paes Anna Catharina de Mendonça
Published: June 2023

O filme espanhol La Tribu permite explorar possibilidades de significado em diferentes meios ou mídias dentro da narrativa. Logo no início, um vídeo viral expõe o protagonista, Fidel, à humilhação pública, resultando em sua demissão e divórcio. Em paralelo à sua ruína e depressão, um cantor faz sucesso com um reggaeton inspirado nele, além de um videoclipe com coreografia. O objetivo é descrever um total de quatro processos de tradução intersemiótica ou adaptação: de vídeo para notícia, de vídeo para canção, de canção para coreografia em videoclipe, de videoclipe para flash mob. Com base em conceitos como tradução intersemiótica (Jakobson 2003 [1969]), as refrações de Lefevere (2012 [2000]) e Uma teoria da adaptação (2013) de Linda Hutcheon e Siobhan O’Flynn, torna-se possível ter diferentes perspectivas sobre cada uma das formas de adaptação no filme. O método é o estudo de caso, que considera contexto e especificidades do filme.
O sertão está em toda parte: o sertão-mundo rosiano na adaptação fílmica de Abril Despedaçado
Authors: Lima Kamila Moreira de Oliveira
Published: June 2023

No romance Abril despedaçado (Prilli i Thyer), Ismail Kadaré narra os últimos dias de vida de Gjorg Berisha, jurado de morte pelo Kanun, código de honra da região, em lúgubres descrições do gélido deserto albanês que se misturam às reflexões e sentimentos da personagem. A adaptação fílmica de mesmo título, dirigida por Walter Salles e com roteiro adaptado por Karim Aïnouz, por sua vez, transpõe a história para o sertão nordestino brasileiro, acompanhando o jovem Tonho em seu rumo à morte certa, desta vez cego pelo sol, e não pela neve. Em ambas as obras, está presente o denominado sertão-mundo, conceito derivado da obra de Guimarães Rosa, em especial Grande sertão: veredas (1956). Esta característica, destacada desde a publicação do romance nas discussões sobre o (trans)regionalismo da obra e o uso do espaço e tempo pelo autor (LORENZ, 1991; LEONEL; SEGATTO, 2009; HOISEL, 2014), é discutida aqui, portanto, em sua relação com a transposição da obra albanesa para o sertão nordestino. Neste artigo, portanto, buscamos estabelecer relações não tanto entre o romance de Kadaré e sua adaptação, mas entre ambos com a reflexão recorrente na obra rosiana de que o sertão está dentro de nós.
Algumas Viagens de Hart Crane
Authors: Lucarezi Anderson
Published: June 2023

Esta é uma tradução comentada de quatro seções do poema “Voyages”, que o poeta norte-americano Hart Crane (1899 - 1932) incluiu em seu primeiro livro, White Buildings. Baseado na noção de tradução como processo diferente de outras operações hipertextuais, algo defendido por Gérard Genette, o comentário introdutório visa explicar algumas escolhas que focalizaram a manutenção do ritmo original do poema.
Pequena amostragem da poesia matemática de Sarah Glaz
Authors: Huguenin José
Published: June 2023

Apresentamos a tradução de dois poemas da poeta e doutora em matemática, professora emérita da Universidade de Connecticut nos Estados Unidos Sarah Glaz. Foram traduzidos os poemas “Like a mathematical proof ” e “I am a number”, ambos publicados no premiado livro “Ode to numbers” Antrim House, 2017. O diálogo entre matemática e poesia é o principal desafio de tradução. Buscou-se preservar as escolhas da poeta para imagens metafóricas na medida do possível.
Devoração: leituras de traduções de Lady Lazarus de Sylvia Plath e uma proposta de tradução selvagem
Authors: Reis Beta M. X.
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho é tanto analítico como propositivo. Num primeiro momento, recuperamos teorias tradutórias, em especial de Rosemary Arrojo, Lawrence Venuti e os irmãos Campos. Então, pensando a nível teórico-epistemológico, há a busca pelo diálogo com perspectivas decoloniais e queer/cuír. Destaque maior é dado às reflexões de Tiganá Santana (2019). A seguir, a partir das traduções de Maria Fernanda Borges (PLATH, 1996), Mariana Ruggieri (2008), Mário Avelar (1997) e Rodrigo Garcia Lopes com Cristina Macedo (PLATH, 2018), temos uma operação comparativa que se dá no intuito de ressaltar aproximações, diferenças e possíveis sentidos articulados. A ideia não é de buscar homologias com o original, mas de perceber as possibilidades. O artigo se finaliza com uma proposta de tradução selvagem, termo meu, cunhada a partir destas reflexões e articulada com as noções postas pelos entrecruzamentos de identidades que me compõe como pessoa. Essa perspectiva é, ativa e conscientemente, uma tentativa de fuga de uma monológica e uma exortação pela múltipla possibilidade de articulação discursiva.
"Sunday Morning", de Wallace Stevens: tradução comentada
Authors: Funari Alessandro Palermo
Published: June 2023

“Sunday Morning” é um dos poemas mais importantes e celebrados de um dos maiores poetas do modernismo estadunidense: Wallace Stevens. Escrito em 1915 e publicado no livro de estreia do autor – Harmonium – oito anos depois, o presente artigo apresenta uma nova proposta de tradução às oito estrofes que compõem o poema e visa apresentar, a partir de análises, os processos que guiaram esta empreitada tradutória. Um poeta muito focado em relações sonoras potentes, em imagens precisas e notoriamente de difícil compreensão, aqui são abordadas as dificuldades de se traduzir tal poética enquanto se visa manter vivos e presentes tais peculiaridades e potências.
“Feliz! Feliz! Feliz!”: um exercício de tradução da poesia em dialeto de Paul Laurence Dunbar
Authors: Cardoso Emerson Oliveira , Steil Juliana
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho apresenta uma tradução do poema “Happy! Happy! Happy!”, de Paul Laurence Dunbar, refletindo sobre os recursos utilizados pelo autor e as soluções encontradas na tradução. O artigo está dividido em três seções: a primeira apresenta uma síntese sobre a vida e a carreira literária de Dunbar; a segunda trata de “Happy! Happy! Happy!”, apontando possíveis interpretações do poema e algumas questões estilísticas, com destaque para o dialeto empregado por Dunbar; por fim, na terceira seção, são abordadas questões de tradução do poema para a língua portuguesa, em especial a tradução do dialeto.
Updated lemur species ranges in Madagascar’s Corridor Forestier d’Ambositra Vondrozo (COFAV)
Authors: Batist Carly H. , Bliss Michael , Weisenbeck David R. , Rafamantanantsoa Rija , Razafindrakoto Georges , Ranaivosolo Jerison W. , Baptiste Velo Jean , Wright Patricia C. , Donohue Mariah E.
Published: June 2023

Madagascar’s high rates of endemism, paired with its escalating deforestation rates, has made it one of the most important conservation priorities on the planet. In southeastern Madagascar, the Corridor Forestier d’Ambositra Vondrozo (COFAV) is an unprotected rainforest corridor that sustains ∼15 species of lemurs, most of which are endangered. The COFAV connects many protected areas and is therefore essential for gene flow, dispersal, and the long-term sustainability of animal populations in the area. The corridor has not been surveyed extensively since the 1990s, and even so, only a fraction of the sites have been sampled multiple times. The goal of our study was to survey the COFAV, from Ranomafana National Park to the Mananara River, to provide updated species occurrences and ranges. Combining data across multiple teams using different inventorying methods, we surveyed a total area of 227 km2 throughout an eight-month period. We recorded every lemur occurrence (sighting or vocalization) and noted the species, date, time, group size, and GPS coordinates. We found 11 lemur species and one putative hybrid species. The geographic ranges for three species (Hapalemur aureus, H. griseus, Propithecus edwardsi) were larger than previously thought. The range of Varecia variegata should be shortened and adjusted accordingly, as the species appears transient (at best) in the northern parts of Ranomafana National Park and was not found south of the Ambohimahamasina/Ikongo region. This study provides updated geographic ranges for lemur species in the COFAV, important information for future censuses, species assessments, and conservation measures for future implementation.
Termitomyces assamicus (Lyophyllaceae)—A new species of Termitomyces from India
Authors: DAS LAKSHMI RUPA , CHATTOPADHYAY PINAKI , DUTTA ARUN KUMAR , NARZARY DIGANTA , RANA TIKAM S.
Published: June 2023

Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS-rDNA sequence), a new species, Termitomyces assamicus, is described after the Indian state of Assam. Termitomyces assamicus is characterized by a medium-sized pileus, brownish orange to grey or greyish red with a conical, pointed perforatorium; white to pale grey lamellae with a serrated edge; an orange grey to greyish orange stipe measuring 50–100 mm long; absence of annulus; greyish brown to yellowish brown pseudorhiza measuring 70–100 mm long; ellipsoid basidiospores with a mean of 8.3 × 5.0 μm; clavate cheilocystidia measuring 21–36 × 8–16 µm; and broadly clavate to pyriform pleurocystidia (23–32 × 12–23 µm). The new species was compared with closely related taxa using morpho-molecular data. A detailed morphological description with field images, micromorphology illustration, and a phylogenetic tree to show the position of the new species are also provided.
Surrogate Downscaling of Mesoscale Wind Fields Using Ensemble Superresolution Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sekiyama Tsuyoshi Thomas , Hayashi Syugo , Kaneko Ryo , Fukui Ken-ichi
Published: June 2023

Surrogate modeling is one of the most promising applications of deep learning techniques in meteorology. The purpose of this study was to downscale surface wind fields in a gridded format at a much lower computational load. We employed a superresolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) as a surrogate model and created a 20-member ensemble by training the same SRCNN model with different random seeds. The downscaling accuracy of the ensemble mean remained stable throughout a year and was consistently better than that of the input wind fields. It was confirmed that 1) the ensemble spread was efficiently created and that 2) the ensemble mean was superior to individual ensemble members and 3) robust to the presence of outlier members. Training, validation, and test data for 10 years were computed via our nested mesoscale weather forecast models not derived from public analysis datasets or real observations. The predictands were 1-km gridded surface zonal and meridional winds, of which the domain was defined as a 180 km × 180 km area around Tokyo, Japan. The predictors included 5-km gridded surface zonal and meridional winds, temperature, humidity, vertical gradient of the potential temperature, elevation, and land-to-water ratio as well as 1-km gridded elevation and land-to-water ratio. Although a perfect surrogate of the weather forecast model could not be achieved, the SRCNN downscaling accuracy could likely enable us to apply this approach in high-resolution advection simulations, considering its overwhelmingly high prediction speed.
The Long-Term Trends of Global Land Precipitation in GFDL’s CM4 and ESM4 Climate Models
Authors: Zhang Yanda , Knutson Thomas R. , Shevliakova Elena , Paynter David
Published: June 2023

Historical precipitation and temperature trends and variations over global land regions are compared with simulations of two climate models focusing on grid points with substantial observational coverage from the early twentieth century. Potential mechanisms for the differences between modeled and observed trends are investigated using subsets of historical forcings, including ones using only anthropogenic greenhouse gases or aerosols, and simulations forced with the observed sea surface temperature and sea ice distribution. For century-scale (1915–2014) precipitation trends, underestimated increasing or unrealistic decreasing trends are found in the models over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. The temporal evolution of key discrepancies between the observations and simulations indicates that 1) for averages over 15°–45°N, while there is not a significant trend in observations, both models simulate reduced precipitation from 1940 to 2014, and 2) for 45°–80°N observations suggest sizable precipitation increases while models do not show a significant increase, particularly during ∼1950–80. The timing of differences between models and observations suggests a key role for aerosols in these dry trend biases over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, 3) for 15°S–15°N the observed multidecadal decrease over tropical west Africa (1950–80) is only roughly captured by simulations forced with observed sea surface temperature; additionally, 4) in the all-forcing runs, the model with higher global climate sensitivity simulates increasing trends of temperature and precipitation over lands north of 45°N that are significantly stronger than the lower-sensitivity model and more consistent with the observed increases. Thus, underestimated greenhouse gas–induced warming—particularly in the lower sensitivity model—may be another important factor, besides aerosols, contributing to the modeled biases in precipitation trends.
Observational Constraints on the Cloud Feedback Pattern Effect
Authors: Myers Timothy A. , Zelinka Mark D. , Klein Stephen A.
Published: June 2023

Model evidence for the “pattern effect” assumes that global climate models (GCMs) faithfully simulate how clouds respond to varying sea surface temperature (SST) patterns and associated meteorological perturbations. We exploit time-invariant satellite-based estimates of the sensitivity of marine low clouds to meteorological perturbations to estimate how these clouds responded to time-varying SST patterns and meteorology between 1870 and 2014. GCMs and reanalyses provide estimates of the historical meteorological changes. Observations suggest that increasing estimated inversion strength (EIS) between 1980 and 2014 produced a negative low cloud feedback, opposite to the positive feedback expected from increasing CO2. This indicates that the processes responsible for marine cloud changes from 1980 to the near present are distinct from those associated with an increase in CO2. We also observationally constrain the difference between the historical near-global marine low cloud feedback, , and that arising from increasing CO2, . We find that this cloud feedback pattern effect depends strongly on time period and reanalysis dataset, and that varying changes in EIS and SST with warming explain much of its variability. Between 1980 and 2014, we estimate that (90% confidence) assuming meteorological changes from the Multiple Reanalysis Ensemble, implying a total pattern effect (that arising from all climate feedbacks) of 1.86 ± 0.45 W m−2 K−1. This observational evidence corroborates previous quantitative estimates of the pattern effect, which heretofore relied largely upon GCM-based cloud changes. However, disparate historical meteorological changes across individual reanalyses contribute to considerable uncertainty in its magnitude.
Development and Investigation of GridRad-Severe, a Multiyear Severe Event Radar Dataset
Authors: Murphy Amanda M. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Allen Kiley Q.
Published: June 2023

Many studies have aimed to identify novel storm characteristics that are indicative of current or future severe weather potential using a combination of ground-based radar observations and severe reports. However, this is often done on a small scale using limited case studies on the order of tens to hundreds of storms due to how time-intensive this process is. Herein, we introduce the GridRad-Severe dataset, a database including ∼100 severe weather days per year and upward of 1.3 million objectively tracked storms from 2010 to 2019. Composite radar volumes spanning objectively determined, report-centered domains are created for each selected day using the GridRad compositing technique, with dates objectively determined using report thresholds defined to capture the highest-end severe weather days from each year, evenly distributed across all severe report types (tornadoes, severe hail, and severe wind). Spatiotemporal domain bounds for each event are objectively determined to encompass both the majority of reports and the time of convection initiation. Severe weather reports are matched to storms that are objectively tracked using the radar data, so the evolution of the storm cells and their severe weather production can be evaluated. Herein, we apply storm mode (single-cell, multicell, or mesoscale convective system storms) and right-moving supercell classification techniques to the dataset, and revisit various questions about severe storms and their bulk characteristics posed and evaluated in past work. Additional applications of this dataset are reviewed for possible future studies.
From Elective to Emergent Cholecystectomy: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: DeCan Evan D. , Walston Michael E. , Chang Emily S. , Verham Janice J.
Published: June 2023

Background

Symptomatic cholelithiasis is a common disease in which the majority of patients are managed electively. There is an unknown proportion of patients who require emergency surgery for acute cholecystitis in this elective waiting period. Our study aimed to evaluate risk factors for requiring an emergency cholecystectomy during this waiting period.

Methods

This single-center retrospective observational study queried medical records for scheduled elective cholecystectomies from 2017 to 2022. We then evaluated these patients to determine who required emergency intervention via acute cholecystectomy. Patient demographics were analyzed. Patient cohort subgroups were created for patients who waited longer than 60 days and less than 60 days.

Results

1086 patients from 2017 to 2022 were scheduled for an elective cholecystectomy. Of those, 48 required emergency cholecystectomy. Average wait times of those who required emergent cholecystectomy were found to be significantly higher at 60.3 d, compared to 47.3 d for the elective group ( P = .03*). Subgroup analysis of patients with >60 d average wait time re-demonstrated significance with 92.1 d and 115.7 d ( P = .004) for the elective and emergency subgroups, respectively. >60 d wait time showed increased odds ratio of 1.805 ( P = .05) for requiring an emergency cholecystectomy. Logistic regression analysis identified >60 d waiting period ( P = .01) and obesity ( P = .0001) as predictors of needing emergency surgery.

Discussion

Wait time >60 d is associated with an increased risk of emergent cholecystectomy. Obesity was identified as a key risk factor which should be considered for stratifying patients for more urgent surgical intervention.
Getting There and Staying There: A Forward Look at Women’s Career Development
Authors: Fouad Nadya A. , Kozlowski Michael B. , Burrows Stephanie G.
Published: June 2023

In the following rejoinder, we respond to Betz, Phillips, Flores, and colleagues’ reactions to Fouad et al.’s major contribution (2023 [this issue]) on women’s career development. Particularly, we respond to comments highlighting the importance of studying individual differences along intersectional lines in explaining vocational behavior. We contend that this level of nuance in understanding people’s career decisions is necessary in order to build a diverse vocational science capable of informing multiple levels of intervention.
Study of cyclists’ skin deformation for compression skinsuit design
Authors: Shi Qiu Qiong , Jiao Jiao , Shin Kristina , Chow Hung Kay , Lau Newman
Published: June 2023

Skin deformation during cycling is an important factor when designing a performance cycling garment, as the space between the body and the garment creates aerodynamic drag and a subsequent negative impact on the cyclist’s performance. Thus, skin deformation has been studied for an aerodynamic skinsuit via a three-dimensional (3D) body image. An understanding of skin deformation during cycling, especially in the torso and thigh areas, is essential for cycling suit design and pattern making, and there are few studies investigating this.

This study aimed to analyze cyclists’ 3D skin deformation during cycling captured by a motion capture system. Eight healthy male amateur cyclists were invited to participate in this study. The trajectories of 68 reflective markers on the skin were continuously captured during cycling. The mean values and standard deviations of the eight participants’ skin deformation were analyzed against the static posture skin data. The results showed that the anterior torso skin was contracted by 0.3–22.3%, while most of the posterior torso skin measurements were expanded by 6.7–32.0% during cycling in a bending posture when compared to a standing posture during cycling. The skin deformation value of the torso was stable after the first bending posture during cycling. The thigh skins were deformed from –14.7% to 7.6% during cycling. The results can be used as pattern adjustment rate for compression cycling skinsuit design.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People With Cognitive Impairment Residing in Aged Care Facilities: An Integrative Review
Authors: Battams Samantha , Martini Angelita
Published: June 2023

This review explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with cognitive impairment living in aged care facilities. It also considered policy and organizational responses to COVID-19, and makes recommendations to ameliorate the impact of the pandemic on residents with cognitive impairment in aged care facilities. ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central were searched April-May 2022 for peer reviewed articles, and an integrative review of reviews was conducted. Nineteen reviews were identified which referred to people with cognitive impairment living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) during COVID-19. Negative impacts were highlighted, including COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality, social isolation, and cognitive, mental health and physical decline. Few research articles and policy responses consider people with cognitive impairment in residential aged care. Reviews highlighted that social engagement of residents should be better enabled to reduce the impact of COVID-19. However, residents with cognitive impairment may have inequitable access to communications technology for the purposes of assessment, health care and social engagement, and require more support (along with their families) to access this technology. Greater investment in the residential aged care sector (eg, for workforce and training) is required to address the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with cognitive impairment.
EY and KPMG Merger: How Strong Are Relationships Among Board Members and Their Audit Partners? A Network Perspective
Authors: Kacanski Slobodan , Jeppesen Kim Klarskov , Wang Peng
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the avenue of outcomes that followed up the process of joining the operations between two audit firms in Denmark—Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler (KPMG) and Ernst & Young (EY)—in 2014, under the EY label. In this research, we study clients’ behavior to audit staff defection in the auditor selection context to identify the impact of the change that occurred in the market for audit services on engagement partner selections. Company behaviors to the newly formed situation are examined against the tendency toward each of the following three behavioral patterns: (a) staying with the same audit firm, (b) following the engagement partner’s switch to another audit firm, and (c) selecting a third auditor. Utilizing the cutting-edge methodology for social network analysis called exponential random graph models (ERGMs), we study the relevant reactions in the period from 2012 to 2017. Results show that, at the audit firm level, earlier KPMG clients preferred to stay with the newly established KPMG. On the contrary, at the audit partner level, former KPMG clients had a strong tendency to follow their incumbent partners who had decided to switch to EY. Finally, those KPMG clients that decided to rotate audit firms did not commit this rotation to follow their incumbent partners.
‘Something else’?: international co-production, postcolonial crime fiction and the representation of sexual orientation in The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency TV series
Authors: Beattie Melissa Anne
Published: June 2023

The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency is both a successful series of novels and a television series which ran for one series on the BBC in 2008. While the books have been criticised on a number of aspects, including its representation of Botswana, the television series has received very little academic attention at all. The television series was an international co-production between the United States, United Kingdom and South Africa, using a mix of American and South African actors in regular and recurring roles with British guest artists and production team despite being shot in Botswana. While the main features of the adaptation were primarily related to a reordering of vignettes from the books into the series, the television series added in a new character, the camp, gay hairdresser BK. At the time the series was airing, same-sex sexual activity was illegal in Botswana though that has since been changed. As such, this paper will discuss the addition of this liminal character into the series through close reading of the text and paratexts (including industrial context). Ultimately the paper will contextualise the addition with regard to both national and sexual identity and debates surrounding African queer identities.
Ethical Responsiveness as a Mediator Between Enduring Vulnerabilities and Relationship Quality
Authors: Crapo J. Scott , Galovan Adam M. , Schramm David G.
Published: June 2023

The strong relationality model of relationship flourishing emphasizes the role of ethical responsiveness (how well a person intrinsically responds to the manifest or identifiable needs of others) as a direct predictor of relationship quality and as an indirect pathway for explaining the influence of vulnerabilities. This study is among the first explicit tests of the theorized role of ethical responsiveness. The sample consisted of 1432 adults in a romantic relationship, from the United States and Canada. Modeled as latent variables, ethical responsiveness served as a path between the variables of depression, anxiety, and friend and family support, and the dependent variable of relationship-focused relationship quality. Depression and friend support predicted ethical responsiveness. Ethical responsiveness, both supports, and depression predicted relationship quality. Friend support and depression had an indirect effect through ethical responsiveness. Our findings support the role of ethical responsiveness and suggest continued research into how and why it influences relationships.
Comparison between radiofrequency ablation and CHIVA procedure in patients with varicose veins
Authors: Lee Seungjoon , Yun Sangchul , Lee Jihyoun , Kim Sang Hyun , Ihn Myung Hoon , Yoo Daegwang , Yun So Kyung , Hwang Mi-OK
Published: June 2023

Objective

Conservatrice et Hémodynamique de l'Insuffisance Veineuse en Ambulatoire, the French acronym for CHIVA, is a strategy aimed to convert a venous reflux into a physiological drainage. We compared CHIVA with radiofrequency ablation and determined its possible advantages.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical recurrence, ultrasound recurrence, quality of life scores, and complications. They were compared after propensity score matching.

Results

212 limbs of 166 patients were included: 42 limbs underwent radiofrequency ablation and 170 limbs underwent CHIVA. The hospital stay was shorter in the CHIVA group. There was no difference in clinical, ultrasound recurrence, quality of life scores and complications between the two groups. The preoperative saphenous vein diameter was larger in the recurrence cases.

Conclusions

CHIVA showed comparable results to radiofrequency ablation. There was more ultrasound recurrence with larger vein diameters. The CHIVA appears to be a simple and more efficient treatment method when performed on select patients.
Ethos Theory of Music: Toward An Empirical Confirmation Through Moral Foundations Theory
Authors: Ansani Alessandro , Giombini Lisa , Poggi Isabella , Young James O.
Published: June 2023

As an advocate of the Ethos Theory of Music, Herbert Spencer argues that sharing in a wide range of musically aroused emotions promotes fellow-feeling thanks to which humans behave considerately toward each other. Here we attempt to provide empirical evidence for this claim. We identified Spencer's fellow-feeling as an instantiation of the concerns for Harm and Fairness Moral Foundations; thus, we predicted that musical expertise, and specifically long-term listening to and playing classical music, would lead to favoring individualizing moral foundations and opposing the binding ones. A cross-national questionnaire (US, Canada, and Italy) was conceived ( N = 330), and the data were analyzed through a parallel mediation Structural Equation Model. Results confirm that musical expertise is associated with lower proclivity toward the binding moral foundations. Conversely, it is connected with an embracement of individualizing moral foundations. Coherently with Spencer's view, such an effect is fully mediated by the emotional way of listening to music.
The Persistence of Latin America’s Violent Democracies: Reviewing the Research Agenda on Policing, Militarization, and Security Across the Region
Authors: Sandoval Javier Pérez , Barker Flores Daniel
Published: June 2023

This review examines Votes, Drugs, and Violence, Authoritarian Police in Democracy, Resisting Extortion, as well as Democracy and Security in Latin America to outline the latest scholarly developments on how the region has dealt with the challenges posed by violent, militarized state and non-state actors. Leveraging distinct cases and methods, these four recently published books discuss the political rationale behind the military and institutional responses that have shaped public security in Latin America over the last three decades. Beyond unpacking their contributions, common themes, tensions, and shortcomings, we argue that by focusing on the political dynamics behind state interventions, these volumes highlight the persistence of a democratic paradox: rather than curtailing militarism and violence, or facilitating their containment via reforms, electoral dynamics and partisan incentives—part and parcel of democratic politics—have enabled the endurance of state and non-state militarization and violence. Relatedly, as Eduardo Moncada’s new title underscores, ordinary Latin American citizens have had to adopt civilian militarization as a bottom-up resistance strategy to navigate the uncertainty this worrying paradox presents. By examining work by scholars including Guillermo Trejo, Sandra Ley, Brian Fonseca, and Yanilda María González this review helps to delineate future research as well as policy interventions.
Inpatient rehabilitation patients are more active during rehabilitation times and days than non-rehabilitation times and days: An observational study
Authors: Kim Young Joo , Overman Carley , Davis Brooke , Fitzgerald Kimberly , McLawhorn Samantha
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation services has been well supported. However, patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation may be physically inactive outside of therapy. The primary objectives were to determine differences in activity levels between rehabilitation time and non-rehabilitation time and rehabilitation day and non-rehabilitation day during inpatient rehabilitation stay. The secondary objective was to determine differences among rehabilitation services.

Methods:

In all, 50 participants wore an ActiGraph GT9X Link on their non-dominant wrist during their inpatient rehabilitation stay.

Results:

We found significant differences in total activity counts between rehabilitation time and non-rehabilitation time ( z = 6.15, p < 0.001) and between rehabilitation day and non-rehabilitation day ( z = 5.82, p < 0.001). We found significant differences in total activity counts between occupational therapy and physical therapy ( z = 5.71, p < 0.001), occupational therapy and speech-language pathology ( z = 3.41, p < 0.001), and physical therapy and speech-language pathology ( z = 3.07, p = 0.002). The degrees of all differences were large.

Conclusion:

To increase the activity levels during non-rehabilitation times and days, patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation may benefit from strategies which increase activity levels such as an individualized program that can be safely and independently performed outside of rehabilitation sessions.
Digital customer engagement: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Srivastava Ritu , Gupta Parul , Kumar Harish , Tuli Nikhita
Published: June 2023

Digital technologies have become critical to businesses for their engagement, sales, and other marketing-related activities. However, despite massive attention over the last few years, managers still lack an understanding of users’ engagement behavior toward these digital technologies. The paper aims to synthesize the state-of-the-art literature on digital consumer engagement by reviewing 139 relevant articles. The study reports on the theoretical lenses, methods, contexts, antecedents, drivers, and outcomes of digital customer engagement. In addition, the study lists top authors, journals, articles, and countries. Finally, the authors develop a comprehensive framework to better understand digital customer engagement and provide critical avenues for future research.

JEL Classification: M31
Joint Confidence Region Approach to Ranking Hotspot Locations Considering Uncertainty in Expected Risk Estimates
Authors: Aminghafouri Reza , Fu Liping
Published: June 2023

Network screening or crash hotspot identification is an essential task of all road safety improvement programs. The most common approach to network screening is to use statistical models to predict the expected risk at the locations of interest and then rank them accordingly. The predicted risk used for ranking is mostly in the form of point estimates, without any consideration of the inherent uncertainty with the estimates, which could lead to identifying a wrong list of crash hotspots. This study aims to fill this research gap by employing a frequentist approach to finding a joint confidence region of risk for ranking locations and identification of hotspots. A case study on three-legged minor approach stop-controlled intersections in Kitchener, Ontario, is conducted to illustrate the proposed approach. Crash risk is modeled using a combination of a hierarchical full Bayesian negative binomial model and a multinomial logit model, which are then used to estimate the 95% confidence interval of the expected risk. For each location, the confidence region of rankings is obtained on the basis of the expected risk estimates. The results show that considering uncertainty in the crash hotspot identification process can lead to varied ranking positions for each location. In fact, considering uncertainty, the true value of the estimated crash risk is unknown. By quantifying uncertainty, it can be concluded that the true value of the estimated risk follows a distribution with different probabilities. As a result, consideration of uncertainty in the road safety analysis may help to identify hotspots more accurately.
Laboratory Investigation of Open Graded Friction Courses with Different Binder Grades and Aggregate Gradations
Authors: Hasan Md Amanul , Tarefder Rafiqul A. , Khan Zafrul H.
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the effectiveness of the volumetric mix design procedure used by the New Mexico Department of Transportation based only on the tensile strength ratio (TSR) test for designing open graded friction course (OGFC) materials. It also evaluates the effects of different binders (or binder grades) and aggregate gradations on the performance of OGFC materials. Nine OGFC mixes were produced using three different binders (PG 64-28+, PG 70-28+, and PG 76-22+) and three different aggregate gradations (two of 9.5 mm nominal maximum aggregate size [NMAS] and one of 12.5 mm NMAS). Next, a thorough laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluate their various performances. This study found that the traditional volumetric mix design based solely on the TSR test cannot ensure adequate durability performance. The PG 64-28+ OGFCs, for example, met all the volumetric and TSR requirements during mix design but performed poorly in all performance tests. This suggests that additional performance testing for OGFCs is required to ensure adequate longevity. Cantabro abrasion and semi-circular bending tests are found to be useful in characterizing the durability and moisture conditioning, and the fracture performances of an OGFC, respectively. Furthermore, a new test is proposed for evaluating the durability performance of an OGFC in wet conditions using the Micro-Deval device. According to this study, OGFC's durability and fracture performance improves as the grade of binder used increases. The OGFCs prepared with aggregates of smaller NMAS outperformed the OGFCs prepared with larger NMAS aggregate in both durability and fracture tests despite having similar asphalt contents.