bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensor foundations of tunnel mathematics
Authors: Shvydkyi Oleh
Published: April 2023

The main relations of tunnel mathematics (theory of functions of spatial complex variable) can be obtained with the aid of tensor analysis. It is commonly known, for instance, that a second-rank tensor being multiplied by vector on a plane can change a direction of this vector, i. e. second-rank tensor can take the vector out of the plane. Besides, tunnel mathematics can be applied for solving problems of fluid dynamics and theory of elasticity where tensor analysis is used very broadly. So, it is naturally to use tensor analysis for building the tunnel mathematics.
Introduction to the theory of open quantum systems
Authors: Szańkowski Piotr
Published: April 2023

This manuscript is an edited and refined version of the lecture script for a one-semester graduate course given originally at the PhD school in the Institute of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences in the Spring/Summer semester of 2022. The course expects from the student only a basic knowledge on graduate-level quantum mechanics. The script itself is largely self-contained and could be used as a textbook on the topic of open quantum systems. The program of this course is based on a novel approach to the description of the open system dynamics: It is showed how the environmental degrees of freedom coupled to the system can be represented by a multi-component quasi-stochastic process. Using this representation one constructs the super-quasi-cumulant (or super-qumulant) expansion for the system’s dynamical map-a parametrization that naturally lends itself for the development of a robust and practical perturbation theory. Thus, even an experienced researcher might find this manuscript of some interest.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GRAFTING MATERIALS ON ALVEOLAR RIDGE PRESERVATION
Authors: Alshirah Akram
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effect of several grafting materials on alveolar bone resorption after teeth extraction. Materials & methods: Electronic literature searches in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane (CENTRAL) were performed, in addition to a manual search through all periodontics and implantology-related journals, for publications in the period from January 1st, 2009, to February 1st, 2021. The primary focus was related to studies comparing alveolar ridge preservation reporting quantitative outcomes of hard tissue changes. Results: In total,18 randomized controlled studies were included. Mean difference values were calculated with the use of quantitative statistical analysis (RevMan) for split-mouth and parallel study designs. The pooled magnitude of bone resorption was calculated for different dimensions of the alveolar bone process after teeth extraction: for horizontal dimension. Meta-analyses were performed for the use of any graft without membranes compared to empty sockets or specifically for different kinds of grafts (with or without membranes) again compared to empty sockets. Further, a direct comparison was available from studies comparing xenografts either with allografts or alloplasts. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this systematic review, there is a decrease in alveolar bone resorption after teeth extraction as an impact of bone substitute use, with minimal variations between bone graft materials. Overall, in several outcome parameters, it was noticed that the xenograft materials had the highest amount of bone preservation, and the least magnitude for the alveolar bone reservation was accompanied with the use of alloplastic bone substitutes with a recommendation to make searches about combinations of alloplastic bone substitutes, but confidence intervals were strongly overlapping. Hence, final judgment on any superior graft material cannot be reached from actual available clinical evidence.
ESTIMATION OF CAPSAICIN IN PHENYLALANINE AND VALINE TREATED CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES IN CAPSICUM ANNUUM AND CAPSICUM CHINENSE USING HPLC
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India., Bylla Prasad , Khan R. Gulab ,   Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India., Karpan Deepikaraj ,   Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India., T. Christopher ,   Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India.
Published: April 2023

Capsaicin content was estimated in phenylalanine & valine (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 %) treated cell suspension cultures derived from zygotic embryo (non-fruit tissue) using HPLC in 10 Capsicum genotypes. Maximum amount of capsaicin (20.1Â±0.3ÂµM/g) was observed in C. chinense var. Kotpar, while in C. annuum var. special bullet produced maximum amount of Capsaicin (18.2Â±0.3ÂµM/g), whereas minimum amount of capsaicin was found in C. annuum var. Badiga-1 (4.5Â±0.7ÂµM/g). Another observation was that capsaicin was not detected both in precursor and non-precursor treated cell suspension cultures of C. annuum var. california wonder & yolo wonder.
FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN TABUK CITY, 2022
Authors:   Resident in Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine., a Alhawiti , M. Asma ,   Resident in Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine., a Elbadawi ,   Resident in Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine., b Abdullateef ,   Consultant Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Tabuk.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Stress, anxiety, and depression can be associated with severe harmful consequences to the physical, mental and social well-being of the affected populations. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students at Tabuk University and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study, self-administered questionnaire distributed among medical students at Tabuk University. Results:The completequestionnaires were received from 241 participants giving a response rate of 62.7%.Prevalence of depression among medical students was 28.6%, anxiety 46.05%, and stress 13.2%. prevalence of depression among basic years was 38%, anxiety 53%, and stress 7.7% while the prevalence is less in clinical years at 27%, 44%, and 5.6% for depression, anxiety and stress respectively. The prevalence of depression was higher among female medical students at 41.1% while the prevalence in males was 21.9%. anxiety is also higher in females 56.6% and 38.1% and males. Stress was 9.5% in female and 2.5% in male medical students. In our study, the factors that affected stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students. Gender, previous history of depression or anxiety, family history of suicidal attempts, and mental illness were determinant factors for stress, depression, and anxiety. Also, stress was significantly affected by academic performance. Students with good, very good, and excellent academic performance tended to have no stress. Conclusions: Our findings in this study suggest that anxiety and depression are prevalent among Tabuk University medical students.The prevalence more in female and basic years medical students. Other risk factors include previous history of mental illnesses, a family history of suicidal attempts, and academic performance.
LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH TO AN EPIPLOIC FOREIGN BODY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Elmouatassim Z. , Sensevy R. , Birtwisle L. , Tarla E. , Maalouf J.
Published: April 2023

The omentum represents one of the rarest locations of foreign body.The laparoscopic approach represents an ideal alternative to laparotomy.
OLAĞANÜSTÜ ZAMANAŞIMIYLA TAŞINMAZ MÜLKİYETİNİN KAZANILMASI VE İYİNİYET ŞARTININ ARANMAYIŞI İLE ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARININ GETİRDİĞİ DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ARSLAN Merve
Published: April 2023

Aslen ve tescilsiz olarak kazanımın türü olan, taşınmaz mülkiyetinin olağanüstü zamanaşımı yoluyla kazanılması, belirli şartların mevcut olmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu şartlar, maddi ve şekli şartlar olmak üzere ikili ayrım yapılmak suretiyle incelenebilecektir. Maddi şartlar da aralarında taşınmaza ve zilyetliğe ilişkin maddi şartlar şeklinde ikili ayrımla ele alınmaktadır. Taşınmaza ilişkin maddi şartlar bakımından öncelikle taşınmazın olağanüstü zamanaşımı ile kazanımının mümkün olması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, “taşınmazın tapu kütüğüne kayıtlı olmayan bir taşınmaz olması” veya “taşınmazın tapu kütüğüne kayıtlı bir taşınmaz ise taşınmaz malikinin tapu kütüğünden anlaşılamaması veya maliki hakkında yirmi yıl önce gaiplik kararı verilmiş olması” gerekmektedir. Zilyetliğe ilişkin maddi şartlar ise, zilyedin, “taşınmaza malik sıfatıyla zilyet olması” ile bu “zilyetliğin yirmi yıl boyunca, davasız ve aralıksız sürdürülmüş olması” dır. Şekli şartlar bakımından da TMK ve Kadastro Kanunu bakımından ayrım yapılmıştır. TMK’ya göre şekli şart tescil davası iken, KK gereğince, şekli şart, aynı kanunda öngörülen şartların varlığına ilişkin yapılacak tespitin kesinleşmesidir. Bu şartlar arasında zilyedin iyiniyetli olması gerektiğine ilişkin şart bulunmamaktadır. Mevzuat gereğince, diğer şartların mevcudiyeti halinde taşınmaz mülkiyeti zamanaşımı yoluyla kazanılmış olacaktır.
The influence of interest rates on outstanding loans of enterprises on their structure in the bankruptcy warning system
Authors: Butyrskyi Andrii , Lutkovska Svitlana , Poliakov Rodion , Prykaziuk Nataliia , Lobova Oksana
Published: April 2023

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) create more than half of the added value, providing about two-thirds of employment in most countries. However, they need more liquidity, access to credit resources, and significant outstanding loans. This study aims to identify the impact of interest rates on outstanding loans of enterprises on their structure as a way to prevent bankruptcy. The correlation-regression analysis used OECD statistical data for 2008‒2019 sampling individual countries; it showed an ambiguous situation between the interest rate and the share of outstanding loans of SMEs in the overall structure of outstanding loans. The paper verified constructed regression equations and estimated their parameters. The regression equations for Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Latvia are statistically reliable. Thus, in Belgium and the Czech Republic, a negative relationship was recorded (r = –0.822; D = 0.675; r = –0.9274; D = 0.794; F-criterion > Ft, respectively), and in Estonia and Latvia – a positive one (r = 0.876; D = 0.767; F-criterion > F•Ft; r = 0.800; D = 0.641; F-criterion > Ft , respectively). Australia, Italy, Slovakia, and France practically do not have a corresponding relationship. The regression equations make it possible to estimate the change in the level of interest rate on the share of outstanding loans of enterprises in the overall structure of outstanding loans, make predictions of the corresponding performance indicator, and develop measures of restoring the solvency of enterprises as an essential task of preventing their bankruptcy.
Determinants of sustainable development: The role of CSR disclosure
Authors: Wiguna Meilda , Indarti Sri , Thamrin  , Andreas
Published: April 2023

This study intends to assess the impact of adopting green accounting and environmental performance on sustainable development, with CSR disclosure acting as a moderator. The population of the study consists of the palm oil companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Malaysia Stock Exchange for the 2019–2021 period. Purposive sampling was utilized as a sampling method to select 45 businesses. Partial least squares analysis was performed to examine the data. The results showed that the implementation of green accounting (β = 0.231; p < 0.05) and environmental performance (β = 0.285; p < 0.05) affect the sustainable development of palm oil companies. Then, CSR disclosure strengthens the effect between the implementation of green accounting (β = 0.293; p < 0.05) and environmental performance (β = 0.150; p < 0.05) on the sustainable development of palm oil companies. This study helps companies that properly implement corporate social responsibility or care about environmental safety become the best investment opportunities. It also serves as the material for investors and potential investors to help them make the best decisions about companies that employ green accounting in corporate reporting.
The use of melatonin preparations in sleep disorders
Authors: Gorbachev N. A. , Poluektov M. G.
Published: April 2023

The role in the body and the biological significance of the pineal hormone melatonin is discussed. Data are presented on the effect on biological rhythms in humans and animals, as well as on the sleep in general. In diurnal humans and animals, melatonin acts on the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus to dampen the wake-stimulating signal of the internal clock, thereby promoting sleep. Data are presented on the clinical use of melatonin in sleep disorders: Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (jet lag syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome, irregular cycle), parasomnias (Rapid-Eye Movements Sleep Behavior Disorder) and insomnia. A significant effect of melatonin preparations with a high level of evidence was confirmed in Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders, less pronounced in Parasomnias. The effects of melatonin, used as a drug for jet lag, have the greatest degree of evidence. The melatonin preparation is recommended to be taken both before the flight and at the new place of stay in accordance with the time of its evening secretion in this time zone. In delayed sleep phase syndrome, the onset of melatonin secretion is delayed, reflecting a general lag in the body’s internal clock. Taking melatonin preparations leads to a shift in the sleep-wake cycle to an earlier time. In REM sleep behavior disorder, melatonin preparations to reduce excessive motor activity are preferred over benzodiazepines, since this disorder manifests itself in people of older age groups, and an undesirable effect on cognitive functions should be avoided. In chronic insomnia, the effect of melatonin significantly exceeds the placebo effect and is most pronounced in people of older age groups.
The Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman-Safavi Wars
Authors: ERAVCI H. Mustafa
Published: April 2023

From the beginning of the XVI century until the beginning of the XVIII century, The Ottoman-Safavid struggle, which continued for about two centuries, took place in this buffer geography along the North-South directional Caucasus-Iraq-Arab line, which is the natural borders of both powers. These conflicts, which took place in the Southern Caucasus, Tabriz-centered Southern Azerbaijan, and the Iraqi-Arab geography, were largely carried out by the coalition elements of both states. In this context, the Crimean Tatars stand out as the most important coalition element in the Eastern Campaigns of the Ottomans. In this study, the role of the Crimean Tatars, who had an autonomous status in the Ottoman political and administrative system, and the military elements acting with them, in the Ottoman expeditions to the East will be clarified.
Bir İsim İki Kadın, İki Vakıf Bir Yıl: 1592 Senesi Tokat ve Trabzon Gülbahar Hatun Vakıfları’na Kısa Bir Bakış
Authors: DURSUN Kübra
Published: April 2023

Osmanlı harem kadınları denildiğinde, etkileri kuvvetli birkaç kadın akla gelmektedir. Oysa uzun ömürlü bir devlet olan Osmanlı’da farklı sıfatlarla yaşamış çok sayıda kadın bulunmaktadır. Harem dairesi içerisinde ise herhangi bir sebeple sivrilenleri hariç tutarsak, varlığı en çok bilinenler kendilerine ait vakıfları bulunan kadınlardır. Söz konusu çalışmada, kadınların devlet yönetiminde etkinliklerinin daha az oldukları dönemlerde yaşamış iki kadın adına yaptırılan vakıflar incelenmektedir. Üstelik bu kadınlar hem aynı isme sahiplerdir hem de gelin ve kayınvalidedirler. Bir tanesi II. Bayezid’in annesi Gülbahar Hatun, diğeri ise Yavuz Sultan Selim’in annesi Gülbahar Hatun’dur. Gülbahar Hatunların ortak noktalarından bir tanesi kendileri adına oğulları tarafından yaptırılan vakıflardır. Adına vakıf yaptırılması işi, kişinin kamusal alanda daha görünür hale gelmesinin en temel yollarındandır ve bu vakıfların bir tanesi Tokat’ta diğer ise Trabzon’da inşa edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, oğulları tarafından annelerinin adına yaptırılan her iki vakfın kuruldukları bölgelerin periferileri ile olan ilişkileri ve şehirlerin gelişiminde oynadıkları roller, 1592-93 mali döneminde kayda geçirilen muhasebe kayıtları aracılığı ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca aynı yıl içerisinde, farklı yerlerdeki vakıfların gelir birimleri ve miktarları, harcama kalemleri ve mutfaklarına alınan gıda ürünleri fiyatları gibi başlıklar karşılaştırılarak, iki vakfın ekonomik potansiyelleri anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu noktadan yola çıkılıp çalışmayla, Osmanlı kadın hayırseverliğinin, vakıf-şehir-halk üçgeninde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Kumluca (Antalya) Ağzından Derleme Sözlüğü’ne Katkılar
Authors: ATMACA Emine , GÜZEL Özlem
Published: April 2023

Anadolu coğrafyası çok uzun yıllar boyunca çeşitli kavimlere ev sahipliği yaparak bünyesinde birçok kadim medeniyetleri barındırmıştır. XI. yüzyılın ilk yarısından itibaren Anadolu, Oğuz boylarının yeni yurdu olmuştur. Bu boylar, Türkistan’dan gelirken konargöçer hayat tarzlarını ve kültürel değerlerini bu topraklara taşımıştır. Bu bağlamda dilin kültür taşıyıcılığı noktasındaki rolü bütün bilim otoritelerince kabul edilmiş bir olgudur. Halkın zihninde yer alan sosyal ve kültürel yaşamla ilgili pek çok bilgi dille birlikte yaşar ve gelecek nesillere aktarılır. Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları da çeşitli dilsel verileri bünyesinde barındıran çok zengin bir söz varlığına sahiptir. Fakat teknolojinin gelişmesi, kitle iletişim araçlarının yaygınlaşması, okuma yazma oranının hızla yükselmesi ve maddi sebepler dolayısıyla köyden kente göçün artmasıyla birlikte bu zengin söz varlığı gün geçtikçe yok olmaktadır. Türkiye Türkçesinin ağız sözlüğü olan Derleme Sözlüğü, 1930 ve 1950’lerde yapılan iki büyük çalışmanın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Fakat bu sözlük oluşturulurken derlenmeyen bazı bölgelerin varlığı söz konusudur. Bu noktada halk ağızlarında kullanılan ancak bu sözlükte kayıt altına alınmamış birçok kelime ve kalıp ifade vardır. Bu bağlamda Derleme Sözlüğü’ne katkı sağlaması amacıyla Kumluca İlçesi ve yöresi ağızlarında kullanılan fakat bu sözlükte bulunmayan ya da farklı anlamlarda kullanılan kelime ve kalıp ifadeler tespit edilmiş ve kayıt altına alınmıştır. Çalışmada, bu söz varlıklarının fonetik özelliklerini yansıtmak amacıyla transkript işaretlerine de yer verilmiştir.
Nasreddin Hodja Jokes in Late Chagatai Turkish
Authors: KARABURGU Oğuzhan , ERBAY Fatih
Published: April 2023

A great number of works have been created as instances of the joke/quip genre of oral tradition in almost all Turkish dialects with the character of Nasreddin Hodja, who is known not only in Western and Eastern Turkic languages but also all over the world. This study evaluates jokes included in the manuscript registered under No. 007 in the manuscript collection of the Chinghiz Aitmatov Institute of Language and Literature of the National Academy of Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, which is missing pages from the beginning and the end. Due to those missing pages, we do not know the date of publication. However, the language of the jokes belongs to Late Chagatai Turkish. In this study, we address the linguistic features of the Nasreddin Hodja jokes in the manuscript. The jokes contain certain sound changes because the language they were written in was experiencing a transition period. It can be said that the text was written during the transition period from Chagatai Turkish to Uzbek Turkish. An example from Uzbek Turkish has also been identified in relation to this situation (plurality 1st person imperative suffix -eylük/ -ylük). In addition, the affix +nI, which we encounter in recent Chagatai Turkish texts, is also found in the text. The conclusion of this work scrutinizes the linguistic material at hand.
Dârülelhan Derlemeleri ve Anadolu Halk Şarkıları Külliyatının Melodi, Ritim ve Güfte Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: FEYZİ Ahmet , SÜMBÜLLÜ H. Tahsin , TURHAN Salih
Published: April 2023

Türk müzik kültüründe sahada yapılan derleme çalışmalarının kurumsal ilk örneği Dârülelhân derlemeleridir. Bu saha çalışmalarına döneminin önemli müzik şahsiyetleri katılmış ve yaklaşık 1000 halk türküsü, oyun havası derlenmiştir. Derlenen eserler 15 defterlik bir külliyat halinde yayımlanmıştır. Dönemin müzik gelişmeleri ve derlemeler esnasında benimsenen notasyon yaklaşımı nedeni ile eserlerin kayıt altına alınmasında günümüz bakış açısıyla bazı sorunların oluştuğundan bahsedilebilir. Bahsi geçen nedenlerden dolayı derlenen eserlerin önemli bir kısmı yaygınlaşmamış ve külliyat içerisinde saklı kalmıştır. Araştırmada; doküman analizi yöntemi ile veriler elde edilmiştir. 15 defter halinde yayımlanan 677 halk türküsü ve oyun havası incelenmiştir. Eserlerde göze çarpan notasyon sorunlarının neler olduğu melodi, ritim ve güfte yapısı açısından belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme sonucu külliyatta bulunan eserlerde günümüz notasyon anlayışına göre farklı bir notalama yaklaşımının kullanıldığı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca külliyatta bulunan notasyonların, Batı müziği nota yazım tekniklerinin geleneksel müziklerde kullanımının anlaşılması adına önem arz ettiği görülmüştür. Bu notasyonların dönemin müzik politikasını, anlayışını ve müzikal bakış açısını anlamakta büyük ölçüde önemli olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler ışığında, derlemecilerin dönemsel müzikal düşünce tarzları ve tutumları da ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu düşünce tarzı ve tutumların genellikle notalama yaklaşımında ortaya çıktığı, sergiledikleri bu yaklaşımın ise kimi zaman ilgili müzik eserinde yapısal farklılaşmalara neden olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
The design of climate-adaptive water subsidies: financial incentives for urban water conservation in Morocco
Authors: Burt Zachary , Leal Susan , Workman James , McElroy Michael , Bouhia Hynd
Published: April 2023

In a 500-household pilot, we tested an innovative approach to water demand management, implemented in collaboration with a water utility in a large city in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We provided a novel intervention, called a Water Savings Credit (WSC), which granted participants volumetric rebates on their water bills for their reductions in water consumption. WSCs were effective at encouraging conservation in our pilot in Marrakech. Our approach has the benefits of a price incentive, without the political risk of a tariff increase. For urban water utilities that provide highly subsidized services, this approach could ultimately pay for itself, or potentially result in net financial savings. Our approach may be especially effective in the countries of the MENA region, as the region has a high rate of subsidization for water services, and because it is facing increasing water scarcity from economic growth, urbanization, and climate change.
Enhanced sulfide removal by gas stripping in a novel reactor for anaerobic wastewater treatment
Authors: Onodera Takashi , Takemura Yasuyuki , Aoki Masataka , Syutsubo Kazuaki
Published: April 2023

Removal of sulfide by gas stripping using biogas produced in an internal phase-separated reactor (IPSR) was evaluated during anaerobic treatment. The IPSR consisted of upper and lower segments with a gas–liquid partitioning (GLP) valve between the sections. Wastewater was fed to the upper segment in the first stage and then to the lower segment in the second stage. The GLP valve separated the liquid phase from the gaseous phase and supplied biogas from the lower segment to the upper segment. The IPSR and a control reactor were fed with synthetic wastewater and operated in parallel under an organic loading rate of 12 kg COD/(m3 day) at 35 °C. The sulfide concentration increased to 400–600 mg S/L, which is above the previously reported 50% inhibition level for methanogenic activity. The IPSR showed higher H2S removal performance than the control reactor and removed approximately twice the H2S as the control reactor at 400 mg S/L, indicating that it can be used for the stable treatment of wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfide.
Plant Flavonoids as Reservoirs of Therapeutics against Microbial Virulence Traits:
A Comprehensive Review Update
Authors: Carević Tamara , Stojković Dejan , Ivanov Marija
Published: April 2023

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites abundantly present in plants and, in most cases, essential contributors
to plants bioactivity. They have been studied so far for a range of possible health-beneficial effects,
including antioxidant, cardioprotective, and cytotoxic. Therefore, there are data on the antimicrobial potential of
a significant number of flavonoids. However, less is known regarding their antivirulence traits. Trending antimicrobial
research worldwide has pointed out the promising effects of antimicrobial strategies based on the antivirulence
principle, so this review aims to present the newest research regarding the antivirulence effects of
flavonoids. Articles on antivirulence flavonoids published from 2015 until now were selected. A range of molecules
from this class has been studied up to date, with the most abundant data for quercetin and myricetin, while
the most studied organism is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antivirulence attributes studied included antibiofilm
assessment, followed by data on the inhibition of virulence pigments (pyocyanin, violacein, and staphyloxanthin)
and virulence enzyme production (such as sortase A and elastase). Less information is collected on
the inhibition of morphological transition, motility, and molecular mechanisms underlying the antivirulence
properties of flavonoids and in vivo research. Flavonoids are a group of compounds with a wide range of antivirulence
traits and might be further developed into essential parts of novel antimicrobial strategies.
Blue Organic Light Emitting Diode Materials based on Different Light-emitting
Groups
Authors: Li Lichao , Zhu Xiuna , Sun Shang , Zhang Chaoyue , Yang Bingxin , Liu Shuang , Liu Zhenbo
Published: April 2023

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a device that uses organic semiconductor
materials to emit light under the action of an electric field. Compared with traditional luminescent
materials, they have the advantages of good softness, low-temperature resistance,
wider field of vision and low energy consumption, and have been widely used in the field of
display and lighting in recent years. In addition, compared with red and green light-emitting
materials, the maximum external quantum efficiency of blue-light materials-based devices is
high, but the CIE coordinate performance is poor and the blue emission is difficult to achieve
high efficiency and high color purity at the same time. Researchers continue to design new
molecular structures in order to synthesize new high-efficiency blue light materials. It is found
that different molecular structures have different effects on the performance of OLED devices.
In the design and synthesis of blue-light materials, various light-emitting groups are often used to regulate the
stability, singlet-third-line state of the target molecule energy level difference, excited state lifetime, aggregation
state structure, electricity luminescent color and its OLED performance, etc. The introduction of different lightemitting
groups into the blue light material greatly improves the performance of the material. This paper mainly
reviews the research status of blue organic electroluminescent materials in the past five years from different molecular
structures, further discusses the photoelectric properties of each compound and the properties of devices based
on this material, and briefly analyzes the advantages of molecular design and device production. And finally discusses
the improvement methods of blue OLED light-emitting materials in order to provide a reference for future
research.
Bioorthogonal Photoclick 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction on Protein – A Review
Study
Authors: Mandal Pritha
Published: April 2023

Click reactions have gained enormous popularity among chemists for their ambient
reaction parameters and wide application in various frontier research fields. Photo-initiated
click reactions add another dimension of spatiotemporal control which ensures fruitful
bioorthogonal reaction. Several cycloaddition reactions, enlisted in the category of ‘photo
click’ reactions due to the fast kinetics and ambient reaction conditions, are widely utilized by
scientists for bioorthogonal conjugation. In this review, various types of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
reactions and their applications in the field of protein bioconjugation are discussed.
Natural Products as Antifungal Agents against Invasive Fungi
Authors: Dong Fang-Rui , Gao Lu , Wang Liang , Jiang Yuan-Ying , Jin Yong-Sheng
Published: April 2023

Background:

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are primarily caused by Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., Sporothrix spp., and Pneumocystis spp., which attack human organs with a strong pathogenicity and exhibit drug resistance against com-monly used chemical drugs. Therefore, the search for alternative drugs with high efficacy, low re-sistance rates, few side effects, and synergistic antifungal effects remains a major challenge. The characteristics of natural products with structural and bioactive diversity, lower drug resistance, and rich resources make them a major focus of the development of antifungal drugs.

Objective:

Objectives: This review attempts to summarize the origin, structure, and antifungal activity of natural products and their derivatives with MIC ≤ 20 μg/mL or 100 μM, focusing on their MoA and SAR.

Methods:

All pertinent literature databases were searched. The search keywords were antifungal or antifungals, terpenoids, steroidal saponins, alkaloid, phenols, lignans, flavonoids, quinones, macro-lide, peptide, tetramic acid glycoside, polyene, polyketide, bithiazole, natural product, and deriva-tives. All the related literature (covering the past 20 years, 2001-2022) was evaluated.

Results:

In total, 340 natural products and 34 synthesized derivatives with antifungal activity from 301 studies were included in this review. These compounds were derived from terrestrial plants, ocean life, and microorganisms and exhibited in vitro and in vivo potent antifungal activity alone or in combination. The MoA and SARs of reported compounds were summarized whenever applicable.

Conclusion:

In this review, we attempted to review the available literature on natural antifungal products and their derivatives. Most of the studied compounds showed potent activity against Can-dida species, Aspergillus species, or Cryptococcus species. Some of the studied compounds also demonstrated the ability to impair the cell membrane and cell wall, inhibit hypha and biofilms, and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the MoAs of these compounds are not well understood yet, they can be used as lead components for the development of new, effective, and safe antifungal agents through their novel mechanisms.
Exploration of Novel PDEδ Inhibitor Based on Pharmacophore and
Molecular Docking against KRAS Mutant in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mouhcine Mohammed , Kadil Youness , Rahmoune Imane , Filali Houda
Published: April 2023

Aim:

The prenyl-binding protein, phosphodiesterase-δ (PDEδ), is essential for the localization
of prenylated KRas to the plasma membrane for its signaling in cancer.

Introduction:

The general objective of this work was to develop virtually new potential inhibitors of
the PDEδ protein that prevent Ras enrichment at the plasma membrane.

Methods:

All computational molecular modeling studies were performed by Molecular Operating Environment
(MOE). In this study, sixteen crystal structures of PDEδ in complex with fifteen different
fragment inhibitors were used in the protein-ligand interaction fingerprints (PLIF) study to identify the
chemical features responsible for the inhibition of the PDEδ protein. Based on these chemical characteristics,
a pharmacophore with representative characteristics was obtained for screening the BindingDB
database. Compounds that matched the pharmacophore model were filtered by the Lipinski filter.
The ADMET properties of the compounds that passed the Lipinski filter were predicted by the
Swiss ADME webserver and by the ProTox-II-Prediction of Toxicity of Chemicals web server. The
selected compounds were subjected to a molecular docking study.

Results:

In the PLIF study, it was shown that the fifteen inhibitors formed interactions with residues
Met20, Trp32, Ile53, Cys56, Lys57, Arg61, Gln78, Val80, Glu88, Ile109, Ala11, Met117, Met118,
Ile129, Thr131, and Tyr149 of the prenyl-binding pocket of PDEδ. Based on these chemical features,
a pharmacophore with representative characteristics was composed of three bond acceptors, two hydrophobic
elements, and one hydrogen bond donor. When the pharmacophore model was used in the
virtual screening of the Binding DB database, 2532 compounds were selected. Then, the 2532 compounds
were screened by the Lipinski rule filter. Among the 2532 compounds, two compounds met
the Lipinski's rule. Subsequently, a comparison of the ADMET properties and the drug properties of
the two compounds was performed. Finally, compound 2 was selected for molecular docking analysis
and as a potential inhibitor against PDEδ.

Conclusion:

The hit found by the combination of structure-based pharmacophore generation, pharmacophore-
based virtual screening, and molecular docking showed interaction with key amino acids in
the hydrophobic pocket of PDEδ, leading to the discovery of a novel scaffold as a potential inhibitor
of PDEδ.
Oral Linezolid Induced Early Onset Hepatic Encephalopathy- A Case
Report of 65-year Old Diabetic Female
Authors: Upadhyay Mitul , Purohit Bhargav , Pargi Piyush
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Linezolid is increasingly utilized to treat gram-positive bacteria that are
resistant to other antibiotics like vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillinresistant
Staphylococcus aureus as well as drug-resistant tuberculosis. It acts by inhibiting protein
synthesis in bacteria. Although it is a relatively safe medicine, many reports of hepatotoxicity
and neurotoxicity linked to long-term usage have been received but patients with pre-existing
risk factors, such as diabetes and alcoholism, may have toxicity even after short-term use of linezolid.

Case Presentation:

Here we are presenting a case of a 65-year-old female with diabetes who developed
hepatic encephalopathy after one week of treatment with linezolid prescribed for nonhealing
diabetic ulcer after a culture sensitivity test. After the use of linezolid 600 mg BD for 8
days patient developed altered sensorium and breathlessness and had high bilirubin, SGOT, and
SGPT. She was diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy. Linezolid was withdrawn and after 10
days all laboratory parameters for liver function test were improved.

Conclusion:

Care should be taken when prescribing linezolid in such patients with pre-existing
risk factors as they are prone to develop hepatotoxic and neurotoxic adverse effects even after
short-term use of linezolid.
Effect of Organic Solvents on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Enzyme Kinetics
Authors: Baswar Dnyaneshwar , Mishra Awanish
Published: April 2023

Background:

The most widespread signalling system in the brain is the cholinergic system,
which plays a central role in the progress of Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). Current AD treatment primarily
targets the neuronal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The finding of AChE activity may play a
vital role in optimizing assays for drug discovery of new AChE inhibiting agents. During in-vitro assay
of AChE activity, the use of various organic solvents is imperative.

Objective:

The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of different organic solvents on enzyme
activity and enzyme kinetics.

Method:

Organic solvents' AChE inhibitory potential (including enzyme kinetics: Vmax, Km and
Kcat) was evaluated using substrate velocity curve by using non-linear reversion Michaelis-Menten
kinetic function.

Results:

DMSO was found to have the most potent AChE inhibitory effect, followed by acetonitrile
and ethanol. The kinetic study revealed DMSO as a mixed inhibitory effect (competitive/noncompetitive
manner), ethanol as non-competitive, and acetonitrile as a competitive inhibitor of the
AChE enzyme. Methanol has shown a negligible impact on enzyme inhibition and kinetics, suggesting
its suitability for the AChE assay.

Conclusion:

We assume that our study results will help design the experimental protocols and support
analyzing investigational outcomes while screening and biological evaluation of new molecules using
methanol as solvent/cosolvent.
RNA-based Therapeutics: Master Regulator for Bioengineering Systems in Medicine World
Authors: Singla Richu , Arora Malika , Bansal Parveen
Published: April 2023

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and its types have emerged as master regulators of biological processes and expanded knowledge regarding the role of RNA in the gene expression inside the cell have dramatically changed the therapeutic strategies in the past few years. RNA has become a focus for developing novel therapeutic schemes and hence RNA-based therapies, particularly in viral dis-eases have become more enthralling and promising. It is due to the fact that RNA offers various ad-vantages in disease management as it can be edited and customized in its various forms such as sec-ondary and tertiary structures. Principles and mechanisms regarding RNA therapeutics are well de-scribed in volumes, however, the information regarding long-awaited RNA-based drug develop-ment and potential hurdles as well as barriers in the way is still scattered. In this regard, these agents are required to overcome a plethora of barriers such as stability of drug targets, immunogenicity, adequate binding, targeted delivery, etc. to become effective drugs. Most of the trials are changing their way from in-vitro to in-vivo studies and it is not far away when RNA-based therapeutics will find their way from bench to bedside. In this communication, the authors give a brief review of im-portant recent advances in above said domains of miRNA therapeutics.
The Efficacy of Current Medications and Biomarkers in Hepatic Ischemia-
Reperfusion Damage
Authors: Kumar  Gupta Jeetendra , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Krishanveer , Kumar Shivendra
Published: April 2023

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complicated systemic process that affects several tissues and organs in addition to being a pathologic process that affects the liver. Several studies have shown that hepatic reperfusion severely impairs liver function. That also produces irreversible damage that causes dysfunction of many organs. The regulation of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is influenced by various factors, such as mitochondrial damage, anaerobic metabolism, intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress and ROS production, and chemokines as well as cytokines generation. Most of the cytokines are generated by helper T cells and neutrophils. A target of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chronic and acute liver injury caused by ischemia can be a significant facilitator of early leukocyte recruitment. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and MMPs could be employed as indicators of the severity of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injuries. This review examines the relationship between the components of hepatic IRI, MMPs, and the available pharmaceutical treatments for this condition.
Kebebasan anak perspektif filsafat Khudi Muhammad Iqbal pada TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in Bantul
Authors: Atika Fitri Budi , Hamid Rizal Al
Published: April 2023

Kebebasan anak di TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in Bantul memegang peranan penting dalam tumbuh kembang anak Dalam hal ini peneliti ingin mengetahui bagaimana wujud kebebasan anak di TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in Bantul dan menganalisis kebebasan anak menggunakan perspektif pemikiran filsafat khudi Muhammad Iqbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan data utama yaitu melalui wawancara pihak terkait Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisisis filosofis untuk mengungkapkan makna dan peran kebebasan anak mengguanakan perpspektif pemikiran filsafat khudi Muhammad Iqbal. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa kebebasan anak di TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in Bantul, memiliki konsep yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan konsep kebebasan yang digagas oleh Iqbal. Menurut Iqbal kebebasan adalah yang masih dalam ruang etika, kebebasan tiap ego harus beriringan dengan tanggung jawab. Dan tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kebebasan akan melahirkan kreativitas.Children's freedom at TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi'in Bantul plays an important role in their development. In this case, the researcher wanted to find out how the children's freedom at TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi'in Bantul is and analyzed the children's freedom using the perspective of Muhammad Iqbal's khudi philosophy. This study employed a qualitative method. The main data was collected through interviews with related parties. This study used a philosophical analysis method to reveal the meaning and role of child freedom using the perspective of Muhammad Iqbal's khudi philosophy. The results of this study explain that the freedom of children at TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi'in Bantul has a concept that is similar to the concept of freedom described by Iqbal. According to Iqbal, freedom is something that is still in the realm of ethics, the freedom of each ego must go hand in hand with responsibility. And it cannot be denied that freedom will give birth to creativity.
Strategi pengembangan karakter kepemimpinan mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Politeknik
Authors: Suhendar Waway Qodratulloh , Milanti Ajeng Ayu , Suhartini Ida , Rahman Rini
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini membahas strategi pengembangan karakter kepemimpinan pada mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran PAI. Dari hasil kajian yang dilakukan oleh tim peneliti dari berbagai literatur, saat ini sedang terjadinya krisis kepemimpinan di dalam semua level, baik pada tingkat lokal, nasional, maupun global. Krisis kepemimpinan terjadi akibat ketidakmampuan memanajemen krisis multidimensional dan perilaku amoral. Tim peneliti menilai bahwa keberadaan mata kuliah PAI mempunyai peran penting dalam penanaman dan pembinaan karakter kepemimpinan kepada mahasiswa. Hal tersebut karena mata kuliah PAI mempunyai posisi penting dalam kurikulum pendidikan di Indonesia, mengacu pada peraturan UU No. 20 Tahun 2003 dan berbagai turunannya yang menempatkan mata kuliah PAI sebagai mata kuliah wajib nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskritif. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi lapangan, wawancara dan studi dokumen pada perkuliahan PAI di Polban dan PNJ. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perkuliahan PAI mempunyai peran dalam mengembangkan karakter kepemimpinan mahasiswa melalui 2 langkah strategi, yakni  mengkaji konsep kepemimpinan dalam Al-Quran kemudian menginsersikan karakter kepemimpinan dalam bahan ajar PAI dan melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan pembelajaran aktif (active learning).This article discussed strategies for developing students’ leadership character through Islamic education. From the results of the study conducted by the researchers, taken from various literatures, there is currently a leadership crisis occurring at all levels, both at the local, national, and global levels. The leadership crisis occurs due to the inability to manage multidimensional crises and immoral behavior. The researchers considered that the existence of the PAI course played an important role in instilling and fostering leadership characters in the students. This is because PAI subjects have a  vital position in the education curriculum in Indonesia, referring to Law no. 20 of 2003 and its various derivatives, which place the PAI course as a national compulsory subject. This study used a qualitative-descriptive method. Data was collected through field studies, interviews and document studies at PAI lectures in Polban and PNJ. The results of the study show that PAI lectures have a role in developing student leadership character through 2 strategic steps, namely examining the concept of leadership in the Qur’an and then introducing leadership character into PAI teaching materials and carrying out learning with an active learning approach (active learning).
Religious moderation campaign: Student forms and strategies to build harmonization on social media
Authors: Anwar Rosyida Nurul
Published: April 2023

The increasing use of social media due to the development of technology and information gives rise to the influence of religious communication on social media. The use of social media is used for dogmatic interests, especially on issues related to the cultivation of certain religious concepts. The view of exclusivity that arises from the boundaries of the digital space is increasingly fertile with the scarcity of moderate Islamic symbols in the digital area. Moderation campaigns need to be carried out, one of which is through social media to establish harmony between religious communities. This study aims to determine how the shape and strategy of Muslim students in public universities in the city of Madiun. This research uses a qualitative descriptive type. The research method is through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using Milles and Huberman and the validity of the data in the study using data triangulation. The results showed that the forms and strategies of student campaigns are: first, students build religious harmonization through status postings in the form of photos and videos on their social media; both students tried to stop posts that caused division and debate by not sharing. Third, students confirm the dissemination of information that is considered inappropriate through question and answer and discussion. Fourth is the creation of short-duration animated images for distribution. Harmonization in religion is an effort to create peace in every aspect of life.
Work-life balance policy and practice in Nigeria
Authors: Okolie Ugo Chuks , Mukoro Akpomuvire , Otite Atare
Published: April 2023

It believes that giving people the freedom to manage their own work and make decisions improves their performance. Quality of work life aims to instill a culture of work commitment within organizations and society at large in order to improve job satisfaction and employee performance. The fulfillment of seven needs health and safety needs, economic and family needs, social needs, esteem needs, actualization needs, knowledge needs, and aesthetic needs ensures the quality of work-life. Organisations in Nigeria have a reputation for ignoring decent work practices and embracing precarious working conditions to the detriment of the populace. The country's organisations appear to be primarily concerned with increasing profits at the expense of employee welfare. The purpose of this study is to investigate work-life balance policy and practice in Nigeria. To gather data, relevant information was extracted from conference papers, public records, textbooks, journals, and other sources. According to this study, a work-life balance requires planning, and the most prosperous people have found happiness in both the short- and long-term by developing a barometer to help them manage their lives. This study recommends among other things that availability and use of work-life balance practices, when provided in the context of supervisor and organisational support can reduce work-life conflict and increase positive appraisals of one’s organisation. These effects are often associated with employee attitudes such as increased job satisfaction and enhanced control over their work schedule.