bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Derived Thiosemicarbazone and Semicarbazone Palladium Complexes: Homogeneous Catalyst for C—C Cross Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Verma Prashant Ranjan , Mandal Soumik , Gupta Parna , Mukhopadhyay Balaram
Published: December 2013

Two Pd‐catalysts with carbohydrate derived thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone ligands are developed and both are efficient for Suzuki—Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diarylated Ethanones from Mo(CO)6‐Mediated and Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Negishi Cross‐Couplings.
Authors: Motwani Hitesh V. , Larhed Mats
Published: December 2013

The operationally simple, rapid, and mild three‐component title reaction uses aryl iodides and aryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction.
Authors: Liu Pei , Pan Ying‐ming , Hu Kun , Huang Xiao‐chao , Liang Ying , Wang Heng‐shan
Published: December 2013

E‐isomers are observed exclusively in these reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Method for the Net Contra‐Thermodynamic Isomerization of Cyclic Trisubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Guignard Raphael F. , Petit Laurent , Zard Samir Z.
Published: December 2013

Double bond isomerization of cycloalkenes is achieved via radical addition of p‐chlorothiophenol, oxidation to sulfoxides, and thermal syn‐elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Congested Spiro‐cyclopentaneoxindoles via an Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Noole Artur , Ilmarinen Kaja , Jaerving Ivar , Lopp Margus , Kanger Tonis
Published: December 2013

This new and highly enantioselective method for the synthesis of the title compounds with four consecutive stereocenters proceeds via a Michael‐aldol cascade reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Oxa/Aza‐Michael—Michael Cascade Strategy for the Construction of Spiro [Chroman/Tetrahydroquinoline‐3,3′‐oxindole] Scaffolds.
Authors: Mao Haibin , Lin Aijun , Tang Yang , Shi Yan , Hu Hongwen , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: December 2013

Under mild conditions, the newly developed procedure gives optically active products with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Salalen Catalysts Based on cis‐1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane: Enantioselective Epoxidation of Terminal Non‐Conjugated Olefins with H2O2.
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht , Guenther Thomas , Wang Qifang , Neudoerfl Joerg‐M.
Published: December 2013

This describes the first synthesis of various salalen ligands based on cis‐diaminocyclohexane, the characterization of their Ti complexes, and their application in Ti‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidations.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Primary Amine‐Squaramide Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Michael Addition of Keto‐enones: A Convenient Process to the Stereocontrolled Construction of trans‐Dihydrobenzofuran Skeletons.
Authors: Liu Yunting , Lu Aidang , Hu Keling , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: December 2013

The scalable, highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective title reaction proceeds smoothly to yield the trans‐dibenzofuran derivatives (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Approach for the Synthesis of Fused Arenes: Access to Isoindolines, Indanes, and Dihydroisobenzofurans.
Authors: Auvinet Anne‐Laure , Ez‐Zoubir Mehdi , Bompard Savinien , Vitale Maxime R. , Brown Jack A. , Michelet Veronique , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: December 2013

The reaction of the terminal and internal diynes with alkynes is developed to afford a wide range of the target compounds tolerating many functional groups as alcohols, ethers, halogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective C—C Coupling of α‐Olefins and Styrenes to 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles by Ru‐Catalyzed Hydrohydroxyalkylation.
Authors: Yamaguchi Eiji , Mowat Jeffrey , Luong Tom , Krische Michael J.
Published: December 2013

This is the first example of a metal‐catalyzed hydrohydroxyalkylation of unactivated olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐2 Arylated Tryptophan Amino Acids and Related Compounds Through Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation.
Authors: Preciado Sara , Mendive‐Tapia Lorena , Albericio Fernando , Lavilla Rodolfo
Published: December 2013

This simple, mild, and versatile method allows the preparation of α‐arylated indoles including amino acid derivatives directly from the corresponding indole or amino acid precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of New C‐3 Sulfenyl Indoles.
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Mendes Samuel R. , Soares Josemar R. , Victoria Francine N. , Martinez Debora M. , Savegnago Lucielli
Published: December 2013

CeCl3 is demonstrated to be a convenient promotor for the reaction of indoles with aromatic sulfonothioates to yield either mono‐ or bisindole products (III) or (IV) depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Access to Substituted Indoles Utilizing Palladium Catalyzed Annulation under Microwave Enhanced Conditions.
Authors: Karuvalam Ranjith P. , Haridas Karickal R. , Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Muralidharan Arayambath
Published: December 2013

A microwave promoted Pd‐catalyzed cyclocondensation of o‐iodoanilines with aliphatic aldehydes (I) is developed to give 3‐substituted indoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine Recycling via 1,3‐Migration in Iodoindoles under Metal Catalysis.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Alonso Jose M. , Cembellin Sara , Fernandez Israel , Martinez del Campo Teresa , Torres Rosario M.
Published: December 2013

In contrast to the reaction of 3‐phenoxy(indolyl)allenes (IV), which are transformed into 1‐hydroxycarbazoles (V), the corresponding 3‐iodo derivatives (I) afford 3‐iodocarbazoles (II) through rare recycling of halogen groups via an unprecedented 1,3‐halogen migration.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Electrophilic Acylation of N‐Substituted Pyrazoles by Anhydrides of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Taydakov Ilya V. , Krasnoselskiy Sergey S.
Published: December 2013

The regioselective direct acylation of N‐substituted pyrazoles (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Anellated 4,5‐Diazaspiro[2.4]hepta‐4,6‐diene Obtained by [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Diazocyclopropane to Cyclooctyne.
Authors: Shulishov Evgeny V. , Tomilov Yury V. , Nefedov Oleg M.
Published: December 2013

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of diazocyclopropane, generated in situ from nitrosourea (I), to cyclooctyne affords the highly reactive spiro‐compound (III), which can add nucleophiles to the cyclopropane fragment.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano Indium Oxide Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Amidine with Nitroolefin.
Authors: Mitra Shubhanjan , Bagdi Avik Kumar , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda
Published: December 2013

The title reaction allows the synthesis of imidazole derivatives in moderate to good yields and the catalyst can be reused up to four times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, Three‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazoles Using Trimethylsilyl Isothiocyanate.
Authors: Golubev Viktor , Zubkov Fedor , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: December 2013

Multicomponent reactions of α‐bromocarbonyl compounds, aromatic or aliphatic amines, and TmsNCS are developed to give fully substituted 2‐aminothiazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Solvent and Substituents on the Reaction of N‐Alkylthioacetamides with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate: Synthesis of Functionalized Thiophenes Containing an Exocyclic Double Bond.
Authors: Obydennov Konstantin L. , Klimareva Elena L. , Kosterina Marya F. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Morzherin Yury Yu.
Published: December 2013

The outcome of the reaction of thioacetamides with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate depends on the structure of thioacetamide substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Molecular Scaffolds Assimilating Both Indolinone and Thiazolidinone Moieties under Environmentally Benevolent Conditions.
Authors: Ray Suman , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: December 2013

A convenient protocol using a solid base catalyst in ethanol/water is developed for the synthesis of isatinylidenethiazolones through three‐component reaction of isatins, rhodanine, and amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of N‐Vinyl Benzotriazoles.
Authors: Singh Govindra , Kumar Rakesh , Swett Jorge , Zajc Barbara
Published: December 2013

A new approach to the title compounds by azide—aryne cycloaddition and Julia—Kocienski reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Protection‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐5‐hydroxyalkyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as Building Blocks.
Authors: Neves Filho Ricardo A. W. , da Silva‐Alves Diana C. B. , dos Anjos Janaina V. , Srivastava Rajendra M.
Published: December 2013

A simple and straightforward route for the synthesis of the title substituted oxadiazoles via reaction of arylamidoximes (I) with glycolate derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Sulfonamidomethane Linked Heterocycles.
Authors: Swapna Mukkara , Premakumari Chokkappagari , Reddy Sanapalli Nagi , Padmaja Adivireddy , Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Kondaiah Paturu , Krishna Narra Siva
Published: December 2013

A new class of sulfonamidomethane linked mono‐ and bis‐heterocycles are synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Step in the Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Allyl‐(ortho‐alkinylphenyl)methyl Ethers.
Authors: Ackermann Martin , Bucher Janina , Rappold Melissa , Graf Katharina , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: December 2013

The reaction proceeds via a gold‐catalyzed cyclization step and [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement with formal inversion of the allylic moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldonitrones as Aldehyde Equivalents: An Efficient, Green, and Novel Protocol for the Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes.
Authors: Kumar Dhruva , Suresh Suresh , Sandhu Jagir S.
Published: December 2013

Novel, self‐catalyzed methods for the green synthesis of octahydroxanthenes (IV) and related open‐chain biscyclohexanediones (III) via condensation reactions of dimedone with aldonitrones (II) are given.
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Approach Toward the Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Pyridines.
Authors: Singha Raju , Dhara Shubhendu , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: December 2013

Treatment of unsaturated aldehydes with ammonium chloride results in the formation of dihydropyridine intermediates which are oxidized by air to produce the title pyridines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Hydrogenation—Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Quinolines over a Highly Active Pt Nanowire Catalyst under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Ge Danhua , Hu Lei , Wang Jiaqing , Li Xingming , Qi Fenqiang , Lu Jianmei , Cao Xuequin , Gu Hongwei
Published: December 2013

The method avoids high temperatures and pressures and the catalyst can be recycled easily.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition—Cyclization Domino Reactions of o‐N‐Protected Aminophenyl α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Heo Seungpyeong , Kim Shinae , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: December 2013

A novel organocatalytic conjugate addition‐cyclization sequence followed by reductive deoxygenation is developed to synthesize chiral 4‐substitued tetrahydroquinolines from α,β‐unsaturated aromatic aldehydes and CH‐acidic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Water Mediated Benzylic C—H Functionalization of Methyl Aza‐Arenes and Nucleophilic Addition to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Rao N. Nageswara , Meshram H. M.
Published: December 2013

This novel protocol for the synthesis of 2‐alkyl aza‐arene derivatives tolerates a wide range of functional groups in both partners.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent‐Guided Switch Between C—H Activation and Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling During Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of 2‐Aminobenzoates with 2‐Haloarylaldehydes.
Authors: Bhowmik Subhendu , Pandey Garima , Batra Sanjay
Published: December 2013

The features of the title reactions are the use of simple starting materials, low catalyst loading, and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of a Highly Hydroxy‐Functionalized Benzo[e]indolizidine by Intramolecular N‐Arylation.
Authors: Cordero Franca M. , Khairnar Bhushan B. , Bonanno Paola , Martinelli Andrea , Brandi Alberto
Published: December 2013

The enantiopure title compounds (VI) are synthesized by a straightforward strategy consisting of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, N‐O‐bond reduction, and cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization in One Pot: Synthesis of Ring‐Fused Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives from Arylamines and N‐Substituted Lactams.
Authors: Sun Manman , Zhang Tianshui , Bao Weiliang
Published: December 2013

The cross‐dehydrogenative coupling between arylamines and compounds (II) or (XII) proceeds under FeCl3 catalysis, whereas stoichiometric amounts of FeCl3 are required for the coupling of the amines (XIV) with lactams (XV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Synthesis of Novel 4‐Amino‐7,8‐dihydro‐1,6‐naphthyridin‐5‐(6H)‐ones as PDE4 Inhibitors.
Authors: Ferrer Manel , Roberts Richard S. , Sevilla Sara
Published: December 2013

Starting with the DCC‐promoted condensation of Meldrum′s acid with N‐Boc protected ω‐amino acids a route to methylsulfonyl substituted naphthyridinones (X) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenanthridine and Its Analogues via Aerobic Ligand‐Free Domino Suzuki Coupling—Michael Addition Reaction Catalyzed by in situ Generated Palladium‐Nanoparticles in Water.
Authors: Ghosh Munmun , Ahmed Atiur , Dhara Shubhendu , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: December 2013

The synthesis of the title compounds is achieved from aryl bromides and 2‐aminophenylboronic acid under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Thiochromeno[2,3‐b]indol‐11(6H)‐ones and Pyrido[3′,2′:5,6]thiopyrano[2,3‐b]indol‐5(10H)‐ones.
Authors: Kiamehr Mostafa , Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Semeniuchenko Volodymyr , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter , Iaroshenko Viktor O.
Published: December 2013

A facile synthesis of the title compounds is achieved via regioselective cyclization of substrates (I) with 2‐chloronicotinoyl chloride or 2‐fluorobenzoyl chlorides, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of 7‐Methoxy‐2‐arylthieno‐[3,2‐b]pyridine‐3‐ols in Domino Fashion.
Authors: Puvvala Srinu , Jadhav Vinod D. , Farooq Sheikh M. , Patro Balaram , Reddy Ch. Venkata Ramana
Published: December 2013

A simple and efficient LDA‐promoted thioalkylation of picolinate ester with disulfides followed by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution affords the title compounds in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Isatoic Anhydrides with Alkenes.
Authors: Sun Meng , Ma Yan‐Na , Li Ya‐Min , Tian Qiu‐Ping , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: December 2013

The title reaction allows the synthesis of various quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Improved Method for the Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylpyrimidines Starting from 2,2,2‐Trichloroethylideneacetophenones.
Authors: Guirado Antonio , Alarcon Enrique , Vicente Yesica , Andreu Raquel
Published: December 2013

A novel synthetic method for pyrimidine synthesis is demonstrated using the reaction of 2,2,2‐trichloroethylideneacetophenones with enamides.
ChemInform Abstract: New Entry to Polycyclic Fused Indoles via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Chiarucci Michel , Matteucci Elia , Cera Gianpiero , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Bandini Marco
Published: December 2013

All the products are of high biological relevance.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Coupling of Indole Derivatives with 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline and Related Compounds.
Authors: Szatmari Istvan , Sas Judit , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: December 2013

Microwave assisted aza‐Friedel—Crafts reaction of indoles (I) with benzoazepine, thienopyridine, and isoquinoline derivatives provides 3‐substituted indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of δ‐Hydroxy Allylic Chlorides by a Silicon Nucleophile.
Authors: Hazra Chinmoy K. , Irran Elisabeth , Oestreich Martin
Published: December 2013

A new preparation of β‐hydroxy α‐chiral allylic silanes with the anti relative configuration by copper(I)‐catalyzed allylic silyl transfer is accomplished.
ChemInform Abstract: Abietane Diterpenes from Hyptis suaveolens.
Authors: Prawatsri Saowanee , Suksamrarn Apichart , Chindaduang Anon , Rukachaisirikul Thitima
Published: December 2013

Title compounds isosuaveolic acid (I), 14‐O‐methylsuaveolic acid (II), and 8α,9α‐epoxysuaveolic acid (III) are isolated from the whole title plant.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heteroarylation of Chiral α‐Aminoesters by Means of Palladium‐Catalyzed Buchwald—Hartwig Reaction.
Authors: Hammoud Hassan , Schmitt Martine , Blaise Emilie , Bihel Frederic , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques
Published: December 2013

The title reaction allows an efficient approach to a number of N‐arylated α‐aminoesters which are putative peptidomimetics.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Enantiopure Halocyclopropanes Derived from Carbohydrates.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Concellon Carmen , del Amo Vicente , Diaz‐Pardo Ainhoa , Blanco Elena G. , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Diaz M. Rosario , Llavona Ricardo , Soengas Raquel G.
Published: December 2013

The title synthesis can be stereospecifically carried out on E‐ or Z‐α,β‐unsaturated amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Anomeric Aminoalkynylation of Unprotected Aldoses.
Authors: Kimura Yasuaki , Ito Soichi , Shimizu Yohei , Kanai Motomu
Published: December 2013

The novel protocol renders possible the aminoalkynylation of unprotected aldoses including disaccharide substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Modulating the Magnetic Relaxation of Lanthanide‐Based Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Li , Xue ShuFang , Lin ShuangYan , Tang JinKui
Published: December 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shape‐Controlled Ceria‐Based Nanostructures for Catalysis Applications
Authors: Qiao Zhen‐An , Wu Zili , Dai Sheng
Published: December 2013

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect‐Induced Magnetism in Solids
Authors: Esquinazi Pablo , Hergert Wolfram , Spemann Daniel , Setzer Annette , Ernst Arthur
Published: December 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoro‐, Fluoroalkyl‐, and Heterofluorogold Complexes
Authors: Pillay Michael N. , Van Zyl Werner E.
Published: December 2013

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Metal Complexes with Nucleic Acids
Authors: Leczkowska A. , Vilar R.
Published: December 2013

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strained Ferrocenophanes
Authors: Musgrave Rebecca A. , Russell Andrew D. , Manners Ian
Published: December 2013

Review: [synthesis, structure and reactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Click Reaction as an Efficient Tool for the Construction of Macrocyclic Structures
Authors: Pasini Dario
Published: December 2013

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 4H‐3,1‐Benzoxazin‐4‐ones
Authors: El‐Mekabaty Ahmed
Published: December 2013

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Shailaja K. M. , Dipukakoty Dipukakoty , Shivakumar B. , Jayachandran E.
Published: December 2013

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Driven Photoredox Catalysis in the Construction of Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Ring Systems
Authors: Xuan Jun , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: December 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Axial‐to‐Central Chirality Transfer in Cyclization Processes
Authors: Campolo Damien , Gastaldi Stephane , Roussel Christian , Bertrand Michele P. , Nechab Malek
Published: December 2013

Review: 213 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylsilanes: Valuable Organosilicon Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Jun , Priebbenow Daniel L. , Bolm Carsten
Published: December 2013

Review: < 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelating Cyclic Aminomethylphosphines and Their Transition Metal Complexes as a Promising Basis of Bioinspired Mimetic Catalysts
Authors: Karasik Andrey A. , Balueva Anna S. , Musina Elvira I. , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: December 2013

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Diketopiperazine‐Type Antimicrotubule and Vascular‐Disrupting Agents
Authors: Hayashi Yoshio , Yamazaki‐Nakamura Yuri , Yakushiji Fumika
Published: December 2013

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges in Sulfur‐Based Lithium Secondary Batteries — A Review
Authors: Bresser Dominic , Passerini Stefano , Scrosati Bruno
Published: December 2013

Review: more than 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Promotion, Electrochemical Promotion and Metal‐Support Interactions: Their Common Features
Authors: Vayenas Costas G.
Published: December 2013

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Wagner Plot and the Auger Parameter as Tools to Separate Initial‐ and Final‐State Contributions in X‐Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Moretti Giuliano
Published: December 2013

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Crystallography of Amides, Peptides and Protein‐Ligand Complexes
Authors: Macholl Sven , Tietze Daniel , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: December 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Observation of Unstable Reaction Intermediates
Authors: Ohashi Yuji
Published: December 2013

Review: 110 refs.
Agent‐Based Simulation of Dynamic Accretion Processes
Authors: Kästner Wolfgang , Kittan Stefan
Published: December 2013

Ein Kühlmittelverluststörfall ist ein postuliertes Störfallszenario der Reaktorsicherheitsforschung bei dem davon ausgegangen wird, dass Isolationsmaterial infolge eines Lecks von Anlagenkomponenten freigesetzt wird. Um das Eindringen des Isolationsmaterials in den Reaktorkern zu minimieren, kann es mit Siebgittern zurückgehalten werden. Die dabei stattfindende Rückhaltung entspricht dem verfahrenstechnischen Fest/Flüssig‐Trennverfahren der Kuchenfiltration und hat in vielfältigen technischen Anwendungen eine hohe Relevanz. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein wissensbasiertes Modell zur Nachbildung des dynamischen Anlagerungsprozesses von Isolationsmaterial vorgestellt. Anhand eines Vergleiches zu einem bereits existierenden Modell wird das Potenzial der Methodik aufgezeigt.
Synapses lacking astrocyte appear in the amygdala during consolidation of pavlovian threat conditioning
Authors: Ostroff Linnaea E. , Manzur Mustfa K. , Cain Christopher K. , Ledoux Joseph E.
Published: December 2013

There is growing evidence that astrocytes, long held to merely provide metabolic support in the adult brain, participate in both synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Astrocytic processes are sometimes present at the synaptic cleft, suggesting that they might act directly at individual synapses. Associative learning induces synaptic plasticity and morphological changes at synapses in the lateral amygdala (LA). To determine whether astrocytic contacts are involved in these changes, we examined LA synapses after either threat conditioning (also called fear conditioning) or conditioned inhibition in adult rats by using serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) reconstructions. There was a transient increase in the density of synapses with no astrocytic contact after threat conditioning, especially on enlarged spines containing both polyribosomes and a spine apparatus. In contrast, synapses with astrocytic contacts were smaller after conditioned inhibition. This suggests that during memory consolidation astrocytic processes are absent if synapses are enlarging but present if they are shrinking. We measured the perimeter of each synapse and its degree of astrocyte coverage, and found that only about 20–30% of each synapse was ensheathed. The amount of synapse perimeter surrounded by astrocyte did not scale with synapse size, giving large synapses a disproportionately long astrocyte‐free perimeter and resulting in a net increase in astrocyte‐free perimeter after threat conditioning. Thus astrocytic processes do not mechanically isolate LA synapses, but may instead interact through local signaling, possibly via cell‐surface receptors. Our results suggest that contact with astrocytic processes opposes synapse growth during memory consolidation. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2152–2163, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boosting the Resolution of 1H NMR Spectra by Homonuclear Broadband Decoupling
Authors: Meyer N. Helge , Zangger Klaus
Published: December 2013

Broadband homonuclear decoupling of proton spectra, that is, the collapse of all multiplets into singlets, has the potential of boosting the resolution of 1H NMR spectra. Several methods have been described in the last 40 years to achieve this goal. Most of them can only be applied in the indirect dimension of multi‐dimensional NMR spectra or special data processing is necessary to yield decoupled 1D proton spectra. Recently, complete decoupling of proton spectra during acquisition has been introduced; this not only significantly reduced the experimental time to record these spectra, but also removed the need for any sophisticated processing schemes. Here we present an introduction and overview of the techniques and applications of broadband proton‐decoupled proton experiments.
Performance improvements of HCCA scheduling in V2R environments
Authors: Zhang Bing , Ma Maode , Liu Chunfeng , Shu Yantai
Published: December 2013

This paper addresses the issue of real‐time data transmission in vehicles to roadside environment by the hybrid coordination function controlled channel access (HCCA) scheme with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11p protocol. The HCCA is one of the medium access protocols specified in 802.11p standard, which uses a polling scheme similar to the point coordination function to provide a reliable QoS. In this paper, we improve the HCCA polling scheme and design a new data transmission scheduling method. We also prepared a mathematical model to systematically evaluate the performance of the HCCA in terms of average delay. Moreover, we analyze the factors that could impact the average delay, throughput, and packet loss rate as well. The simulation results are compared with the original scheme specified in the standard. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed delay model could estimate the average delay of the HCCA with a high precision, whereas the proposal of the enhancement of the HCCA has lower delay, lower loss rate, and higher throughput than the one specified in the standard. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of the ganglion cell differentiation program in human retinal progenitors before cell cycle exit
Authors: Pacal Marek , Bremner Rod
Published: December 2013

Background: Despite the disease relevance, understanding of human retinal development lags behind that of other species. We compared the kinetics of gene silencing or induction during ganglion cell development in human and murine retina. Results: Induction of POU4F2 (BRN3B) marks ganglion cell commitment, and we detected this factor in S‐phase progenitors that had already silenced Cyclin D1 and VSX2 (CHX10). This feature was conserved in human and mouse retina, and the fraction of Pou4f2+ murine progenitors labeled with a 30 min pulse of BrdU matched the fraction of ganglion cells predicted to be born in a half‐hour period. Additional analysis of 18 markers revealed many with conserved kinetics, such as the POU4F2 pattern above, as well as the surprising maintenance of “cell cycle” proteins KI67, PCNA, and MCM6 well after terminal mitosis. However, four proteins (TUBB3, MTAP1B, UCHL1, and RBFOX3) showed considerably delayed induction in human relative to mouse retina, and two proteins (ISL1, CALB2) showed opposite kinetics, appearing on either side of terminal mitosis depending on the species. Conclusion: With some notable exceptions, human and murine ganglion cell differentiation show similar kinetics, and the data add weight to prior studies supporting the existence of biased ganglion cell progenitors. Developmental Dynamics 243:712–729, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Unnatural Phosphonosugar Analogues
Authors: Dayde Bénédicte , Pierra Claire , Gosselin Gilles , Surleraux Dominique , Ilagouma Amadou Tidjani , Laborde Coralie , Volle Jean‐Noel , Virieux David , Pirat Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2013

The first synthesis of new cyclic phosphonates (phostones), analogues of pentafuranoses containing a phosphorus atom in place of the anomeric carbon in the deoxyribose and deoxyxylose series, is described. Two methods, of respectively six and seven steps, were developed in parallel, and each gave the racemic phosphonosugars in good yields. Compounds analogous to the alpha and beta anomers were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression by Biliary Epithelium Promotes Persistence of Inflammation by Inhibiting Effector T-Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Afford Simon C. , Humphreys Elizabeth H. , Reid Danielle T. , Russell Clare L. , Banz Vanessa M. , Oo Ye , Vo Tina , Jenne Craig , Adams David H. , Eksteen Bertus
Published: December 2013

Chronic hepatitis occurs when effector lymphocytes are recruited to the liver from blood and retained in tissue to interact with target cells, such as hepatocytes or bile ducts (BDs). Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1; CD106), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, supports leukocyte adhesion by binding α4β1 integrins and is critical for the recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes during inflammation. We detected VCAM-1 on cholangiocytes in chronic liver disease (CLD) and hypothesized that biliary expression of VCAM-1 contributes to the persistence of liver inflammation. Hence, in this study, we examined whether cholangiocyte expression of VCAM-1 promotes the survival of intrahepatic α4β1 expressing effector T cells. We examined interactions between primary human cholangiocytes and isolated intrahepatic T cells

ex vivo

and

in vivo

using the Ova-bil antigen-driven murine model of biliary inflammation. VCAM-1 was detected on BDs in CLDs (primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, alcoholic liver disease, and chronic hepatitis C), and human cholangiocytes expressed VCAM-1 in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha alone or in combination with CD40L or interleukin-17. Liver-derived T cells adhered to cholangiocytes

in vitro

by α4β1, which resulted in signaling through nuclear factor kappa B p65, protein kinase B1, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. This led to increased mitochondrial B-cell lymphoma 2 accumulation and decreased activation of caspase 3, causing increased cell survival. We confirmed our findings in a murine model of hepatobiliary inflammation where inhibition of VCAM-1 decreased liver inflammation by reducing lymphocyte recruitment and increasing CD8 and T helper 17 CD4 T-cell survival.

Conclusions :

VCAM-1 expression by cholangiocytes contributes to persistent inflammation by conferring a survival signal to α4β1 expressing proinflammatory T lymphocytes in CLD. (Hepatology 2014;59:1932–1943)
Outcome of mantle cell lymphoma patients treated at a single institution over the past decade
Authors: Hitz Felicitas , Diem Stefan , Haile Sarah R. , Ess Silvia , Cerny Thomas , Mey Ulrich
Published: December 2013

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma entity with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Various therapeutic considerations in MCL for younger and elderly patients were used over the past decade. We retrospectively analyzed all 44 patients consecutively treated in a tertiary hospital between 2000 and 2010 with newly diagnosed MCL. Patient characteristics, treatment regimens and biological markers were evaluated with regard to overall survival (OS). Treatment regimens were categorized into internationally accepted intensive standard therapies and less intensive alternative treatment regimens given with palliative intent. Biological markers were correlated with clinical outcome by univariate analysis. The median age of the entire study group was 66 years (range: 42–88), with 23 (52%) patients ≥65 years. Thirty‐one (70%) patients received standard regimens, the remaining 13 (30%) patients were treated with other, less intensive regimens with palliative intent. With a median follow‐up of 5.25 years, the three‐year OS rate was 60% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.77]. Patients treated with standard regimens had a three‐year survival rate of 77% (range: 64–94%). Of these, patients younger than 65 years were observed to have better OS (83% at 3 years; 95% CI 68–100%) than those older than 65 years (69% at 3 years; 95% CI 48–99%). In univariate analysis, the only parameters with a statistically significant prognostic impact on OS were absolute monocyte count as a continuous variable, lactate dehydrogenase and absolute lymphocyte count (>0.5 × 109/l) at diagnosis. In conclusion, our data of an unselected group of patients with newly diagnosed MCL treated at a single centre tertiary hospital are in line with results from larger randomized trials demonstrating an improved OS rate of younger as well as elderly MCL patients within the last decade. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of central nervous system drugs on driving: speed variability versus standard deviation of lateral position as outcome measure of the on‐the‐road driving test
Authors: Verster Joris C. , Roth Thomas
Published: December 2013

Background

The on‐the‐road driving test in normal traffic is used to examine the impact of drugs on driving performance. This paper compares the sensitivity of standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) and SD speed in detecting driving impairment.

Methods

A literature search was conducted to identify studies applying the on‐the‐road driving test, examining the effects of anxiolytics, antidepressants, antihistamines, and hypnotics. The proportion of comparisons (treatment versus placebo) where a significant impairment was detected with SDLP and SD speed was compared.

Results

About 40% of 53 relevant papers did not report data on SD speed and/or SDLP. After placebo administration, the correlation between SDLP and SD speed was significant but did not explain much variance (r = 0.253, p = 0.0001). A significant correlation was found between ΔSDLP and ΔSD speed (treatment–placebo), explaining 48% of variance. When using SDLP as outcome measure, 67 significant treatment–placebo comparisons were found. Only 17 (25.4%) were significant when SD speed was used as outcome measure. Alternatively, for five treatment–placebo comparisons, a significant difference was found for SD speed but not for SDLP.

Conclusions

Standard deviation of lateral position is a more sensitive outcome measure to detect driving impairment than speed variability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working Memory and Dynamic Measures of Analogical Reasoning as Predictors of Children's Math and Reading Achievement
Authors: Stevenson Claire E. , Bergwerff Catharina E. , Heiser Willem J. , Resing Wilma C. M.
Published: December 2013

Working memory and inductive reasoning ability each appear related to children's achievement in math and reading. Dynamic measures of reasoning, based on an assessment procedure including feedback, may provide additional predictive value. The aim of this study was to investigate whether working memory and dynamic measures of analogical reasoning are unique predictors of children's concurrent and subsequent reading and math achievement. School children (N = 188, M = 7.1 years, SD = 11 months) were administered a dynamic test of analogical reasoning comprising a pretest‐training‐posttest design. Pretest performance measures static reasoning ability, whereas posttest performance and feedback‐needs during training are considered dynamic measures. Verbal and visuo‐spatial working memories were assessed prior to dynamic testing. Performance on national reading and math achievement tests were gathered at two time points within one school year. A multilevel mixed‐effects model indicated that verbal (but not visuo‐spatial) working memory and dynamic reasoning measures formed unique predictors of concurrent and subsequent achievement in math and reading. Verbal working memory efficiency and performance on a dynamic test of analogical reasoning were both positively related to math and reading achievement in children in kindergarten, first grade and second grade. Dynamic assessment, in addition to working memory assessment, may be useful for educational psychologists when attempting to gauge children's future school performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The joint contribution of pain and insomnia to sickness absence and disability retirement: A register–linkage study among Norwegian and Finnish employees
Authors: Lallukka T. , Øverland S. , Haaramo P. , Saastamoinen P. , Bjorvatn B. , Sivertsen B.
Published: December 2013

Background

Pain and insomnia are both independently associated with work disability. Although pain and insomnia often co‐occur, their joint associations with subsequent sickness absence and disability retirement have not been studied. We aimed to examine these associations in two prospective occupational cohorts while considering key covariates.

Methods

Norwegian Hordaland Health Study (n = 6892, 59% women) and Finnish Helsinki Health Study (n = 6060, 78% women) data were used. Those with only pain, only insomnia or both conditions at baseline were compared with those with no pain and no insomnia. Work disability outcomes were derived from national and employers' register data. Medically certified sickness absence spells lasting 2 weeks or more and all‐cause disability retirement were examined. Register‐based follow‐up was 4 years for sickness absence and 5 years for disability retirement. Covariates were sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index and blood pressure. Poisson and Cox regression models were fitted.

Results

Both pain and insomnia were associated with subsequent sickness absence and disability retirement, but the associations were stronger for those reporting co‐morbid pain and insomnia with support for a synergistic interaction effect, particularly regarding disability retirement. The associations were largely similar in both cohorts and remained after full adjustments.

Conclusions

This study is the first to report the separate and combined effects of pain and insomnia on objective health outcomes. Common patterns observed in two separate cohorts suggest that the combination of pain and insomnia might be particularly relevant for subsequent disability retirement.
Regional analysis of femoral head perfusion following displaced fractures of the femoral neck
Authors: Dyke Jonathan P. , Lazaro Lionel E. , Hettrich Carolyn M. , Hentel Keith D. , Helfet David L. , Lorich Dean G.
Published: December 2013

Purpose

To assess regional variations in the arterial and venous blood supply to the femoral head following displaced fracture of the femoral neck using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)‐MRI quadrant analysis.

Materials and Methods

A total of 27 subjects with displaced femoral neck fractures were enrolled in the study. Quadrant specific DCE‐MRI perfusion analysis was performed on a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Simultaneous imaging of control and displaced fractured hips was done for comparison.

Results

Quadrant specific decreases were found in the arterial (A (0.52 versus 0.27; P = 5.7E‐13), Akep (1.0/min−1 versus 0.41/min−1; P = 1.3E‐9) and venous (kel (0.05/min−1 versus −0.02/min−1; P = 5.1E‐5) supply to the femoral head between control and injured sides using a two‐factor analysis of variance test. The fractional perfusion (initial area under the curve) in the supero/inferolateral quadrants was 49% min/54% min, in the supero/inferomedial quadrants was 43% min/46% min and for the total femoral head was 39% min on the fracture versus control sides.

Conclusion

Quadrant specific decreases in arterial and venous perfusion on the fracture side were observed when compared with control. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:550–554.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic iceball segmentation with adapted shape priors for MRI‐guided cryoablation
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Tuncali Kemal , Wells William M. , Zientara Gary P.
Published: December 2013

Purpose

To develop and evaluate an automatic segmentation method that extracts the 3D configuration of the ablation zone, the iceball, from images acquired during the freezing phase of MRI‐guided cryoablation.

Materials and Methods

Intraprocedural images at 63 timepoints from 13 kidney tumor cryoablation procedures were examined retrospectively. The images were obtained using a 3 Tesla wide‐bore MRI scanner and axial HASTE sequence. Initialized with semiautomatically localized cryoprobes, the iceball was segmented automatically at each timepoint using the graph cut (GC) technique with adapted shape priors.

Results

The average Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC), compared with manual segmentations, were 0.88, 0.92, 0.92, 0.93, and 0.93 at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min timepoints, respectively, and the average DSC of the total 63 segmentations was 0.92 ± 0.03. The proposed method improved the accuracy significantly compared with the approach without shape prior adaptation (P = 0.026). The number of probes involved in the procedure had no apparent influence on the segmentation results using our technique. The average computation time was 20 s, which was compatible with an intraprocedural setting.

Conclusion

Our automatic iceball segmentation method demonstrated high accuracy and robustness for practical use in monitoring the progress of MRI‐guided cryoablation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:517–524.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical use of oxygen‐enhanced T1 mapping MRI of the lung: Reproducibility and impact of closed versus loose fit oxygen delivery system
Authors: Renne Julius , Lauermann Peer , Hinrichs Jan , Schönfeld Christian , Sorrentino Sajoscha , Gutberlet Marcel , Jakob Peter , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens
Published: December 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the reproducibility of oxygen‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the influence of different gas delivery methods, in a clinical environment.

Materials and Methods

Twelve healthy volunteers were examined on two visits with an inversion recovery snapshot fast low angle shot sequence on a 1.5 T system. Coronal slices were obtained breathing room air as well as 100% oxygen with a flow rate of 15 L/min. For oxygen delivery a standard nontight face mask and a full closed air‐cushion face mask were used. T1 relaxation times and the oxygen transfer function (OTF) were calculated.

Results

The mean T1 values did not change significantly between the two visits (P > 0.05). The T1 values breathing 100% oxygen obtained using the full closed mask were significantly lower (1093 ± 38 msec; P < 0.05) compared to the standard mask (1157 ± 52 msec). Accordingly, the OTF was significantly higher for the full closed mask (P < 0.05). The OTF changed significantly on the second visit using the standard mask (P < 0.05). The full closed mask showed lower interindividual variation for both the T1 values (3.5% vs. 4.5%) as well as the OTF (12.4% vs. 22.0%) and no difference of the OTF on the second visit (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Oxygen‐enhanced T1 mapping MRI produces reproducible data when using a full closed face mask. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:60–66. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Importance of the Default Mode Network in Creativity—A StructuralMRIStudy
Authors: Kühn Simone , Ritter Simone M. , Müller Barbara C. N. , van Baaren Rick B. , Brass Marcel , Dijksterhuis Ap
Published: December 2013

Anecdotal reports as well as behavioral studies have suggested that creative performance benefits from unconscious processes. So far, however, little is known about how creative ideas arise from the brain. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the neural correlates of creativity by means of structuralMRIresearch. Given that unconscious and less controlled processes are important in creative thinking, structural brain research may find a positive correlation between well‐established creativity measures and cortical thickness in brain structures of the default mode network (i.e., the counterpart of the cognitive control network). Individuals performed the Alternative Uses task by which an individual's cognitive flexibility and the average uniqueness and average creativity of a participant's ideas were assessed. We computed optimized voxel‐based‐morphometry (VBM) to explore the correlation between inter‐individual differences in creativity and inter‐individual differences in gray matter volume. For all creativity measures, a positive correlation was found between creative performance and gray matter volume of the default mode network. These findings support the idea that the default mode network is important in creativity, and provide neurostructural support for the idea that unconscious forms of information processing are important in creativity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Estimation of the CSA‐ODF using Bayesian compressed sensing of multi‐shell HARDI
Authors: Duarte‐Carvajalino Julio M. , Lenglet Christophe , Xu Junqian , Yacoub Essa , Ugurbil Kamil , Moeller Steen , Carin Lawrence , Sapiro Guillermo
Published: December 2013

Purpose

Diffusion MRI provides important information about the brain white matter structures and has opened new avenues for neuroscience and translational research. However, acquisition time needed for advanced applications can still be a challenge in clinical settings. There is consequently a need to accelerate diffusion MRI acquisitions.

Methods

A multi‐task Bayesian compressive sensing (MT‐BCS) framework is proposed to directly estimate the constant solid angle orientation distribution function (CSA‐ODF) from under‐sampled (i.e., accelerated image acquisition) multi‐shell high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) datasets, and accurately recover HARDI data at higher resolution inq‐space. The proposed MT‐BCS approach exploits the spatial redundancy of the data by modeling the statistical relationships within groups (clusters) of diffusion signal. This framework also provides uncertainty estimates of the computed CSA‐ODF and diffusion signal, directly computed from the compressive measurements. Experiments validating the proposed framework are performed using realistic multi‐shell synthetic images and in vivo multi‐shell high angular resolution HARDI datasets.

Results

Results indicate a practical reduction in the number of required diffusion volumes (q‐space samples) by at least a factor of four to estimate the CSA‐ODF from multi‐shell data.

Conclusion

This work presents, for the first time, a multi‐task Bayesian compressive sensing approach to simultaneously estimate the full posterior of the CSA‐ODF and diffusion‐weighted volumes from multi‐shell HARDI acquisitions. It demonstrates improvement of the quality of acquired datasets by means of CS de‐noising, and accurate estimation of the CSA‐ODF, as well as enables a reduction in the acquisition time by a factor of two to four, especially when “staggered”q‐space sampling schemes are used. The proposed MT‐BCS framework can naturally be combined with parallel MR imaging to further accelerate HARDI acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 72:1471–1485, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.