bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the influence of sorghum flour on the rheological and baking properties of dough, the quality and nutritional value of bread
Authors: Ussembayeva Zhibek , Dautkanov Nurlan , Yerbulekova Moldir , Dautkanova Dina
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is the quality of bread using wheat flour mixed with sorghum flour.
The implementation of the task of stable provision of the population with good quality bread and high nutritional value is based on improving the technology of bread using sorghum flour in accordance with the global trend of safe and healthy nutrition.
The results on the chemical composition and nutritional value (amino acid content, mineral composition, and vitamins) of sorghum flour were obtained, a comparative analysis with wheat flour was carried out.
An analysis of the amylographic characteristics of flour and dough with the addition of various amounts of sorghum flour, improvers, and enzyme preparations was carried out. As a source of nutrients, the effect of sorghum flour on the rheological and baking properties of wheat dough was studied. The effect of the studied flour on the quality of finished bread was established.
The complex effect of the Emceft improver and the KAZenzym enzyme preparation on the quality of dough and bread, including from sorghum flour, was studied. For the first time, the use of sorghum flour of the Kazakhstan 20 variety for the production of bread in combination with an improver and an enzyme preparation has improved the chemical composition, rheological and baking properties of the dough.
Research shows that bread with the use of sorghum flour diversifies the diet and promotes human health due to its nutritional composition and potential as a gluten-free food.
The scope and conditions of practical use of the results are the possibility of using sorghum for bread making. Achieving these capabilities is based on the developed technology of bread in combination with an improver and an enzyme preparation
Development of a fuzzy logic-based model for assessing the reliability of relay protection systems
Authors: Uakhitova Aigul , Yerbolkyzy Gulmira , Tatkeyeva Galina
Published: September 2024

This article presents a reliability assessment model for relay protection devices using fuzzy logic. It introduces an algorithm for simulating these devices, employing the Mamdani model with an "if-then" rule base. Inputs include the percentage of correct operation and the frequency of correct and incorrect operations. Implemented in Matlab with 21 rules, the fuzzy logic model uses triangular membership functions for input and output variables, with defuzzification via the center of gravity method. The model was tested using statistical data from SIEMENS SIPROTEC terminals, specifically distance protection and differential protection devices for transformers and autotransformers. The assessment considers operation frequencies for 1 to 3 devices, combining statistical and simulation data for a comprehensive analysis. Results show that including operation frequencies improves evaluation accuracy. The proposed model not only assesses current reliability but also predicts future behavior, aiding in the planning and optimization of relay protection systems. This model is valuable for professionals in generating companies, grid organizations, and operational dispatch control entities, helping them analyze relay protection performance and develop strategies to ensure reliable operation.
The research focuses on the reliability of relay protection devices in power systems, addressing the need for a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation method. Traditional methods may not fully account for the complexities in modern microprocessor-based protections. This study aims to enhance reliability assessments through a model that integrates statistical data and simulation techniques, ultimately supporting better planning and optimization of relay protection systems
Identifying the influence of inlet velocity changes to pressure drop and collecting efficiency in Stairmand and Lapple type cyclone separators
Authors: Syuriadi Adi , Siswantara Ahmad Indra , Irwansyah Ridho , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Widiawaty Candra Damis , Syafei Muhammad Hilman Gumelar , Rizianiza Illa , Permana Sulaksana , Susanto Iwan
Published: September 2024

The object of this research is to compare the performance of Stairmand and Lapple type cyclone separators. The main problem to be solved in this research is determining which Stairmand or Lapple type cyclone separator is more suitable for integration into the pyrolysis system. The comparison is based on key performance indicators: pressure drop and collecting efficiency. The research findings indicate that both Stairmand and Lapple cyclone separators exhibit similar trends in pressure drop and collecting efficiency. As inlet velocity increases, the pressure drop also increases for both types. However, the collecting efficiency initially rises but then declines when inlet velocities exceed 13 m/s. The Lapple variant achieved a peak collecting efficiency of 98.94 % and pressure drop 16.26 mbar at an inlet velocity of 13 m/s, whereas the Stairmand design reached 97.33 % and pressure drop 12.16 mbar at 13 m/s inlet velocity. The Lapple type cyclone separator outperformed the Stairmand type in terms of both of pressure drop and collecting efficiency. This superiority is attributed to the specific design features and characteristics of the Lapple type. The superior performance of the Lapple type cyclone separator can be explained by its unique design elements that contribute to improved particulate matter separation and pressure drop. These elements may include differences in cylinder height and particulate matter outlet diameter. Based on the findings of this research, the Lapple type cyclone separator is recommended for integration into pyrolysis systems. However, it is important to consider the specific operating conditions of the pyrolysis process, such as temperature, the particulate matter size distribution, flow rate, and desired separation efficiency
Synthesis and nootropic activity prediction of some 4-(aminomethyl)-1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-one derivatives structurally related with nebracetam
Authors: Perekhoda Lina , Suleiman Marharyta , Podolsky Illya , Semenets Anton , Kobzar Natalia , Yaremenko Vitaliy , Vislous Olha , Georgiyants Victoriya , Kovalenko Sergiy
Published: September 2024

The aim. Search for new biologically active substances with improved nootropic parameters among analogues of 4-(aminomethyl)-1-benzylpyrrolidine-2-one (Nebracetam).
Materials and methods. The required reagents were purified using standard techniques. The elemental analysis was performed on a "Hewlett Packard" automatic analyzer M-180 company. 1H NMR spectra were recorded on Varian Gemini 400 MHz spectrometer in DMSO-d6 as a solvent. LC/MS spectra were recorded with a PE SCIEX API 150EX liquid chromatograph equipped. The Autodock 4.2 software package was used for molecular docking. The active centers of the peptides (PDB ID: 5CXV, 6PV7) was used as the biologycal targets.
Results and discussion. Basic and alternative methods (1 and 2) of obtaining were used to synthesise target analogues of 4-(aminomethyl)-1-R-benzylpyrrolidine-2-one. As a result of synthetic studies, an optimized method with an alternative method has been proposed. The advantages include reducing the duration and number of synthesis stages and avoiding the use of sodium azide, a highly toxic and hazardous substance. Molecular docking of the synthesized compounds at well-documented acetylcholine receptor sites indicates that all tested molecules will contribute to the manifestation of nootropic activity to varying degrees through cholinergic neurotransmission mechanisms. This is evidenced by the calculated docking values in relation to the muscarinic target. According to the docking results, it was found that depending on the enantiomeric configuration, the molecules formed stable complexes with the target and had characteristic binding modes both in the orthosteric site and in the extracellular vestibule (site of positive allosteric modulation of mAChR). It indicates the prospects of modifying the "nebracetam scaffold" at the phenyl fragment with halogen substituents.
Conclusions. An effective method for synthesising analogues of 4-(aminomethyl)-1-R-benzylpyrrolidin-2-ones has been developed. The molecular docking revealed potential mechanisms of nootropic action of the synthesized derivatives as potential agonists and positive allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptor
Study of phenolic compounds of umbellate wintergreen herb and their influence on biochemical indicators of blood and urine in the rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kovregin Oleksiy , Lytkin Dmytro , Mykhailenko Olha , Ivanauskas Liudas , Yudkevych Tetiana , Vladymyrova Inna , Khodak Larisa , Starikov Volodymyr
Published: September 2024

Diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract are a common problem in people of all ages. Kidneys filter blood, removing water-soluble waste from the body, maintain water-salt balance, stabilize blood pressure and PH level. Intoxication, hypothermia, injuries and other causes lead to problems with the kidneys - inflammatory disease, urolithiasis, etc. Therefore, the development of effective herbal remedies that affect the etiopathogenic factors of diseases is urgent.
The aim. Study of the profile of phenolic compounds of umbellate wintergreen, study of antioxidant and nephroprotective properties of umbellate wintergreen extract on the model of chromate-induced renal failure (chronic kidney disease) in rats.
Materials and methods. Phenolic compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Waters e2695 Alliance HPLC system in combination with a 2998 PDA detector (Waters, Milford, MA, USA).
Study of in vitro antioxidant activity by HPLC method for 50 % extract of umbellate wintergreen herb. A Waters 2695 chromatograph (Waters, USA) equipped with a Waters 996 diode-matrix detector was used.
To determine the nephroprotective effect, 60 outbred sexually mature rats (males), divided into six groups, were studied. Based on the results of biochemical studies, creatinine clearance and urea clearance were calculated in experimental animals.
Results. 8 phenolic compounds - apigenin, hyperoside, quercitrin, rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, guaiaverine and isoquercetin - were identified and quantified in umbellate wintergreen by HPLC. Based on the results of a preliminary assessment of the antioxidant contribution of individual phenolic compounds to the overall effectiveness of the umbellate wintergreen grass extract, a significant effect of caffeic acid derivatives and quercetin was determined.
The use of Chimaphila umbellata extract in experimental animals was marked by the normalization of diuresis, a decrease in the total protein content of urine by 1.8 times. The effect of the use of umbellate wintergreen extract was expected to be dose dependent.
Conclusions. The profile of umbellate wintergreen phenolic compounds was investigated by HPLC, and their antioxidant effect was determined. In the conditions of the development of renal failure in rats, the studied extract of Chimaphila umbellata improved the physical condition of the animals, reduced their mortality, improved the excretory function of the kidneys, normalized nitrogen and protein metabolism, contributed to the protection of the structure of the kidney tissue, and therefore had a positive effect on the course of nephropathy
Reasonableness of court decisions in the paradigm of psychological, logical and doctrinal analysis
Authors: Lotysh Tetiana , Balatska Olha
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of reasoning of court decisions through psychological, logical and doctrinal aspects. Reasonableness of court decisions is a multifaceted concept, which is influenced by the interaction of these three key aspects. Studying the characteristics of a court decision as a special type of legal document through the prism of interdisciplinary dialogue improves understanding of the processes underlying judicial thinking and the formalization of its outcome. Cognitive biases, emotional state and social pressure influence the decision-making process. The article analyzes certain psychological theories and concepts that emphasize the influence of psychological factors on the motivation of judicial decisions. The author emphasizes the importance of logical consistency in legal reasoning. The author examines the common logical techniques, used in rendering court decisions and their reasoning, and also identifies the importance of consistent and rational judgments in law enforcement. In addition, the author examines how established legal doctrines affect the characteristics of a court decision, including its motivation, and how deviations from these doctrines may affect public perception of court decisions. Understanding and taking into account psychological, logical and doctrinal aspects in the process of making a court decision is important for increasing the level of motivation of court decisions, and as a result, ensuring the right to a fair trial and building trust in the legal system in general
Correlation between Waist Circumference and IGF-1 Levels in an Elderly Population in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Dwipayana I Made Pande , Gotera Wira , Saraswati Made Ratna , Semadi I Made Siswadi , Nugraha Ida Bagus Aditya , Suastika Ketut , Gde Budhiarta Anak Agung , Amrita Padma , Putra Wahyu Pratama
Published: September 2024

Background. Hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance is hypothesized to act as a promotor of cancer growth. In addition to the direct effects of hyperinsulinemia on cancer cells, the stimulation of tumor cell growth can also be indirectly mediated through growth factors and receptors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Increased cancer risk is also associated with increased adipose tissue, such as in abdominal obesity, due to the higher risk of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Waist circumference is a parameter that indicates an individual's level of adiposity. In addition, the risk of cancer also increases in the elderly as they age. This study aims to assess the correlation between waist circumference and IGF-1 levels in the elderly population in Bali, Indonesia.
Methodology. This study used a cross-sectional analytical design conducted in the Melinggih Village, Gianyar Regency. The study was conducted in September 2023. This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Commission number 2020/UN14.2.2.VII.14/LT/2023. The study population included elderly individuals residing in the Melinggih Village who were willing to participate. Data analysis encompassed descriptive analysis and the Spearman correlation test.
Result. A total of 88 subjects participated in the study, consisting of 57 females (64.8%) and 31 males (35.2%).
A statistically significant but weak correlation coexists between waist circumference and IGF-1 levels.
Conclusion. A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was found between waist circumference and IGF-1 levels in the elderly. However, because of the small sample size, another study with a bigger sample size with enough power to investigate this association needs to be done to validate the results of the current study.
Atmosfera dialogu w klasach I–III pogranicza zróżnicowanego kulturowo
Authors:   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Polska, Magda-Adamowicz Marzenna
Published: September 2024

The Polish school is constantly changing, which is associated with rapid economic and political changes. We observe very intense population movements taking the form of mass migrations. For these reasons, in the paper, we present the essence of the borderland and its typology, the formation of the intercultural identity of a person from the borderland. It is on the border of cultures that children going to school exchange information, learn about other customs, values, learn respect and tolerance. It depends to a large extent on the teacher/educator, who should build a good atmosphere of cooperation between the educational team of the multicultural borderland. The subject of interpretive research was the ways of defining the work of teachers in grades I–III of the multicultural borderland, indicating the tasks carried out at that time, the meanings given to them by teachers of grades I–III in the Lubuskie Province using non-standardised interviews. The research showed a positive picture of the situation. The respondents’ statements indicated a great need to introduce intercultural education to the school reality.
Empowerment jako usprawnienie aktywności nauczyciela
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska, Kabat Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

The paper aims to present the concept of empowerment as a means to modernise the teacher’s organisational activity. As a result of literature review, the article provides an interpretation of empowerment, emphasising its potential to drive transformative changes in various educational contexts. Additionally, the text elucidates the benefits that can arise from restructuring the current school system, teaching methods, and collaborative practices. The research conducted by the McKinsey group was used to highlight the personal qualities essential for the effective implementation of empowerment across different organisational forms. Furthermore, attention is directed towards the drawbacks of empowerment, including the potential for teacher abuse of power and coercion, resulting in the suppression of student subjectivity and independent action. To sum up all the considerations, it is underscored that the teacher and students, with their unique strengths and weaknesses, play pivotal roles in organising the teaching process, fostering a school team dynamic through the application of empowerment principles.
Społeczeństwo obywatelskie w Polsce po 1989 roku – dynamika, ocena i prognozy rozwoju
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Luberda Julia
Published: September 2024

The development of civil society in Poland was one of the goals of the political transformation in 1989. Since then, Polish interest in social issues has grown, although not to the extent expected, not fully realizing its potential. Since 2015, compared to previous years, there seems to be an increasing willingness among Poles to engage in social matters, evident through protest movements and demonstrations, and after 2022, also through involvement in humanitarian aid for refugees from Ukraine. To present the dynamics, evaluate, and outline a forecast for the development of Polish civil society, the article starts by presenting the evolution of the concept and its significance for democracy. It also highlights practical manifestations of civil society functioning. Drawing on statistical research conducted by CBOS and GUS regarding the social engagement of Poles, as well as Elżbieta Korolczuk’s article on the nature of contemporary civil society in Poland, the article analyzes trends and changes in the activation of Poles, pointing out areas of greatest interest. The paper also presents challenges faced by contemporary civil society to effectively outline potential directions of its development.
Idea równości kobiet w kontekście praw człowieka oraz polityki równościowej polskich ugrupowań politycznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Zawadzka Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

This article analyzes the idea of women’s equality in the perspective of human rights. Starting from the definitional formulation of human rights, through the inclusion of women’s rights to human rights, the legal and social aspects of equality has been indicated and human rights, in the context of the socio-political situation of women in Poland, has been presented. The main research question is whether women’s equality is achieved and to what extent. Are we talking about a practical dimension (implemented) or only a declarative one? To answer this key question, the programs of political groups in Poland and their equality policy were subjected to a comparative analysis. For the purpose of the research, the programs of those groups that obtained parliamentary mandates in the 2019 elections, i.e., Law and Justice, Civic Coalition, and Polish People’s Party, were analysed.
Rozwój innowacyjnych hubów energetycznych – panaceum na trudne czasy?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Kotulewicz-Wisińska Karolina , Gródek-Szostak Zofia ,   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Dziura Marek ,   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie
Published: September 2024

The Energy Hub concept can be defined as a central point where multiple energy carriers meet and the corresponding energy flows can be processed, conditioned, stored and ultimately distributed according to demand requirements in an optimal manner. The energy node modeling concept describes the relationship between input and output energy flows and can be used to optimize energy consumption during planning and operation. The hub can store surplus energy generated by photovoltaics for a long time and cover electricity and heat needs, even during periods of high demand or low renewable production. The research goal of the article is primarily to present the concept of innovation in the field of energy and to identify key energy hubs for the development of the modern economy, as also indicated by one of the authors of the innovation concept, Christensen, who treats distributed energy as the so-called a breakthrough innovation, i.e. one that will gradually replace the classic energy system from the market.
Kształtowanie wizerunku politycznego kandydata w mediach na przestrzeni lat
Authors:   Akademia Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna w Łodzi, Dybich Wiktoria
Published: September 2024

Communication is an integral part of human life. It occurs simultaneously on many levels and in many different directions. With the development of new technologies and, consequently, with the development of new ways of reaching a mass audience, the media have taken over the main role in this process. Currently, apart from the information function, the media are also assigned other functions, including: educational, integration, entertainment, opinion-forming, communication, economic and intervention. Aware of this state of affairs, politicians try to respond in all possible ways to the needs visible among society, creating their profile as a kind of consumer product ready for sale. This process is increasingly supervised by a whole team of professionals who monitor the behavior of rival candidates and create a persona that will better and more accurately respond to emerging and dynamically changing social needs.
Why Did “the Bulldozer” Want to Run Over the Women? Contextualization of Anti-Women Rhetoric in Tanzanian Politics under John Magufuli
Authors:   University of Wrocław (Poland), Cichecka Anna , Polus Andrzej ,   University of Wrocław (Poland)
Published: September 2024

This article examines the transformation of political discourse on women’s rights and women-oriented NGOs in Tanzania, focusing on successive state administrations within the same political party, led by John Pombe Magufuli and Jakaya Kikwete. The analysis unfolds through three key phases: first, characterizing the habitus of Tanzanian women’s NGOs; second, examining the evolving narratives in government-NGO relations; and third, briefly exploring the political discourse during the Kikwete and Magufuli presidencies. The research methodology is based on extensive desk research and two field studies conducted in Tanzania. Rather than adhering to a preconceived theory, our research approach is guided by theorems and selected frameworks. Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts, particularly ‘habitus’ and the ‘exchangeability of different forms of capital,’ underpin our argument and interpretation of the data. The study shows that while elements of anti-feminism are evident in Magufuli’s political discourse, accusations of promoting toxic masculinity are mainly unfounded. At the same time, it argues that the critique of women’s empowerment and women-focused NGOs can be attributed to Magufuli’s unique mode of accumulating political and economic capital, leading to heightened distrust in the relationship between these NGOs and the Tanzanian government.
Challenges and Threats as a Consequence of Strategic Competition
Authors:   Jan Kochanowski University (Poland), Banasik Mirosław , Chojnowski Lech ,   Pomeranian University in Słupsk (Poland)
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, was to clarify the mechanisms of strategic competition and to identify the challenges and threats arising from it for international security. A systemic approach, literature analysis and criticism, non-participatory observation, and a case study were used to solve the research problems. In the research process, it was established that strategic competition is constantly intensifying, and its consequences can harm global security. The process of strategic competition should be viewed as challenges that, if not addressed, can quickly develop into new threats. The most significant threats to international security are related to the ambitions of revisionist states seeking territorial claims and expanding spheres of influence. Although the risk of global war remains relatively low, states will seek to permanently influence their competitors in the gray zone through soft instruments. Soft influence instruments will dominate it. The effectiveness of these tools will be determined by the world’s interconnectedness in the economic and political spheres. States will try to achieve their strategic goals in cyberspace and narrative using traditional mass media and social media.
Securitization of Water in Central Asia: Insights from the Regional Water Security Complex
Authors:   University of Wrocław (Poland), Musioł Marek
Published: September 2024

Central Asia is revealing itself as an area where the problem of access to water and its current regional dynamics are almost at a radically critical level, where the potential risk of water disputes is still one of the highest in the world. Therefore, water scarcity issues and challenges triggered by the Aral Sea syndrome, the existing water mismanagement system, infrastructural and investment projects of dams and water reservoirs (Rogun, Naryn, Kambarata, Toktogul, etc.) and their transformation towards an existential threat will be analyzed within the securitization prism through the selected speech acts. This article will contribute to developing a new analytical framework of Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) and the securitization theory in water stress. The efforts undertaken in this article will ultimately lead to the development of a new approach to issues of water security and hydro politics within the concept of the Regional Water Security Complex (RWSC) on the example of the Central Asian region. The main research question will be to what extent water, as an immanent feature of this complex, is politicized and securitized. An important question will also be how the formulated security language indicates the existential nature of water as a security problem in the region.
Political and Economic Dimensions of the Dominance of Selected Asian Recycling Yards in the World
Authors:   University of Szczecin (Poland), Kamola-Cieślik Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have dominated the global ship recycling market in the 21st century. A recycled ship provides steel and other metals for industrial reuse. In addition to economic gains, ship recycling affects the environment and workers’ health. The article compares the changes in the policies of the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan regarding recycling shipyard operations from 2009-2022 in the context of international and EU law standards. It also shows the impact of international organizations, shipbuilding trade unions, Shipbreaking Platform non-governmental, Maersk shipping company, and Norway on the decisions of South Asian countries to make them ratify the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. Analysis of the collected research material allows us to conclude that the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have shown varying degrees of understanding of introducing legal regulations for safe ship recycling.
“Not The Economy, Stupid?” – Exploring the Potential Causes of a Future Polexit Departure from the EU
Authors:   WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland), Kozłowski Artur , Krzykowski Grzegorz ,   WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland), Fallon Grahame ,   Brunel University (United Kingdom)
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the economic and non-economic factors that could potentially lead to a Polish decision to remain within or leave the EU, following a future potential Polexit referendum. The study aims to determine the relative impact of Polish citizens’ values and attitudes on their support for their country’s continued EU membership and integration, at such a crucial time. The research is based on a survey conducted in December 2021, with a stratified sample of 1,517 respondents, and a statistical analysis of the findings. The results suggest that the relative importance of these factors could vary considerably, with economic factors potentially playing a less significant role than sociocultural and political elements. We argue that this projected outcome is likely to be influenced by citizens’ socio-demographic backgrounds, their perceived levels of economic security or insecurity, and differences in their economic and non-economic values, thereby creating potential opportunities for future populist Eurosceptic politicians in Poland to exploit, underlining the potential implications of these findings.
Interseccionalidade e Vivências Acadêmicas: Reflexões sobre a experiência de mulheres negras na USP
Authors: Vedovato Victoria
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as experiências de alunas de graduação negras da Universidade de São Paulo, a fim de compreender os desafios, conquistas e mecanismos de enfrentamento relacionados à sua inserção e permanência na universidade, destacando como suas experiências de exclusão e pertencimento são moldadas pela interseção de raça, gênero e classe. Através de entrevistas realizadas com alunas negras de graduação da USP, procuro entender por quais adversidades as estudantes negras passam no ambiente acadêmico, os modos pelos quais lidam com essas experiências e como elas se articulam com as outras dimensões de suas vidas, com as suas subjetividades e identidades. Exploro, por um lado, como as vivências de discriminação racial, machismo e outras formas de desigualdade são percebidos em suas trajetórias e, por outro, reflito em que medida participação em coletivos identitários e organizações estudantis afetam a construção da identidade e subjetividade das mulheres negras na universidade. Além disso, examino o impacto emocional da marginalização e como as redes de apoio e a representatividade contribuem para a resistência e permanência dessas estudantes, elucidando as dinâmicas que influenciam suas vidas acadêmicas e pessoais.
Science and Applications of Plasma-Activated Solutions: Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Tanaka Hiromasa , Mizuno Masaaki , Ishikawa Kenji , Miron Camelia , Okazaki Yasumasa , Toyokuni Shinya , Nakamura Kae , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Ito Masafumi , Hori Masaru
Published: September 2024

Recent research into plasma-activated solutions has unveiled their considerable potential across a range of applications, including cancer treatment, industrial processes, and environmental management. This review summarizes key findings from recent studies on the effects of plasma-activated solutions, focusing on their ability to induce cell death in glioblastoma cells, enhance ethanol production in yeast, and convert organic compounds into environmentally friendly substances. The review highlights the mechanisms by which plasma-activated solutions exert their effects, such as oxidative stress induction and cellular metabolic alterations. Additionally, it discusses the implications of these findings for overcoming challenges in cancer therapy, improving agricultural practices, and developing novel environmental technologies. The ongoing advancements in plasma technology offer promising avenues for future research and applications, underscoring its transformative potential in both scientific and practical domains.
Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: A critical review of the standardised testing methods to determine carbonation resistance of concrete
Authors: Bernal Susan A. , Dhandapani Yuvaraj , Elakneswaran Yogarajah , Gluth Gregor J. G. , Gruyaert Elke , Juenger Maria C. G. , Lothenbach Barbara , Olonade Kolawole A. , Sakoparnig Marlene , Shi Zhenguo , Thiel Charlotte , Van den Heede Phillip , Vanoutrive Hanne , von Greve-Dierfeld Stefanie , De Belie Nele , Provis John L.
Published: September 2024

The chemical reaction between CO2and a blended Portland cement concrete, referred to as carbonation, can lead to reduced performance, particularly when concrete is exposed to elevated levels of CO2(i.e., accelerated carbonation conditions). When slight changes in concrete mix designs or testing conditions are adopted, conflicting carbonation results are often reported. The RILEM TC 281-CCC ‘Carbonation of Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials’ has conducted a critical analysis of the standardised testing methodologies that are currently applied to determine carbonation resistance of concrete in different regions. There are at least 17 different standards or recommendations being actively used for this purpose, with significant differences in sample curing, pre-conditioning, carbonation exposure conditions, and methods used for determination of carbonation depth after exposure. These differences strongly influence the carbonation depths recorded and the carbonation coefficient values calculated. Considering the importance of accurately determining carbonation potential of concrete, not just for predicting their durability performance, but also for determining the amount of CO2that concrete can re-absorb during or after its service life, it is imperative to recognise the applicability and limitations of the results obtained from different tests. This will enable researchers and practitioners to adopt the most appropriate testing methodologies to evaluate carbonation resistance, depending on the purpose of the conclusions derived from such testing (e. g. materials selection, service life prediction, CO2capture potential).
CO₂ CAPTURE FROM FLUE GASES OF GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS
Authors: Safina O.R. , Bikbulatov R.V. , Khusnutdinov A.R. , Charki A.A.
Published: September 2024

Carbon neutrality is the key goal of the new Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation, approved by Presidential Decree. According to the Rosneft-2030 strategy, achieving carbon neutrality is also one of the most important goals of Rosneft.In continuation of the comprehensive work on the study and assessment of the fundamental possibility of introducing methods and processes of capture and subsequent utilization of carbon dioxide in industry, key points of modeling a carbon dioxide capture unit from flue gases of gas turbine power plants (gas turbine power plants) based on current technologies are considered, followed by an assessment of technological and economic risks.The study was carried out in several stages:— determination of flue gas composition in gas turbine engines by calculation;— selection of recovery technology depending on flue gas characteristics;— analysis of operating carbon dioxide capture units;— development of design and experimental model of carbon dioxide capture and transportation plant;— estimation of prospective volumes of captured carbon dioxide;— development of a cost model for a carbon dioxide capture and transportation plant;— development of methodological approach to estimation of capital and operating costs, as well as to technical and economic assessment of the project as a whole;— assessment of technological and economic risks.These studies yielded the following results:— commercially attractive and commercially tested technologies have been identified and studied;— research work was carried to confirm the operability and feasibility of the project under consideration with a view to its further implementation;— based on the results of economic analysis, it was determined that the technology for capturing and storing carbon dioxide has a significant capital intensity, and as a result, to confirm the economic efficiency of the project, one of the following conditions must be met: attracting an external source of cost coverage or introducing quotas or fines for emissions that stimulate the introduction of technologies in domestic companies.
SEARCH FOR METHODS TO INCREASE THE SEDIMENTATION RATE OF THE UPPER FLOATING LAYER OF OIL SLUDGE PITS
Authors: Bashirova E.R. , Khusnullin I.M. , Rahmangulov R.D.
Published: September 2024

Traditionally, oil sludge with a liquid-viscous consistency is separated into petroleum product, water and solid mechanical impurities. A large number of technological devices, including separators, centrifuges, hydrocyclones of various designs, have been developed to carry out the operation of interfacial separation of liquid-viscous oil sludge.On the territory of every oil refinery that has been in operation for decades, there are oil sludge ponds — natural settling ponds in which large quantities of oil waste accumulate.The problem of processing barn oil sludge in the oil production and refining industry has not yet been completely solved. This is due to the high stability of barn emulsions, the peculiarities of their composition and properties, which are constantly changing under the influence of temperature and various processes occurring in them.The article presents the results of research aimed at identifying the possibility of destruction of a persistent oil-water emulsion taken from the upper floating layer of an oil sludge pit and its preparation without changing the technological scheme and technological parameters.The results of laboratory studies on the destruction of oily liquid during static sedimentation are considered. Simulation of the oily liquid preparation process was carried out in compliance with the temperature and time conditions of operation, with the use of demulsifiers, by analogy with the process of oily liquid preparation, as at the unit. The results of the simulation showed that at the dosage of the demulsifiers used at the unit, even with an increase in the dosage and an increase in the settling time to 5 days, the oil-water emulsion did not collapse at 60 0C. Further studies were carried out by testing eight brands of demulsifiers at different dosages and elevated temperatures. Based on the results of the research and the conclusions made, a scheme for the preparation of oil-containing liquid at static sludge with the existing set of equipment at the unit is proposed.Further studies were carried out to increase the depth and sedimentation rate of the persistent oil-water emulsion.
THREADED LUBRICANTS FOR DRILL PIPES BASED ON OIL PRODUCTION WASTE
Authors: Bahtigareev A.Z. , Rahmatullin V.R. , Rahmatullina G.V. , Zalyaev O.A.
Published: September 2024

The oil and gas industry occupies a leading position in the development of the country's fuel and energy complex, and the effectiveness of its activities largely depends on the technical and economic indicators of drilling. When performing well work and operating oil and gas wells, many material costs are associated with the operation of oil pipes, namely the reliability of threaded connections operating at high pressures and temperatures in aggressive environments. The need to develop deeper and deeper horizons, the use of forced drilling modes, the transition to later stages of operation of most oil and gas fields, the aging of existing funds and the increase in the volume of overhauls leads to an increase in tripping operations, and therefore the requirements for the reliability of the connection of oil-grade pipes are moving to a new level. Studies have shown that up to 87 % of all drill string accidents are related to poor thread condition. This unsatisfactory condition of the locking threaded joints forces us to look for ways to improve durability. Many foreign and domestic scientists have been studying and improving threaded joints in drill pipes. According to the authors, one of the most promising ways to increase the TEI of drilling is to develop and use more and more effective lubricants for locking joints of drilling tools. Studies have shown that conventional lubricants are not effective enough in modern realities, and sometimes lubricants are completely washed out of threaded joints. In addition, as the drilling depth increases, the friction force increases and the hydrodynamic load increases, and the increase in pressure in the threaded connection complicates the conditions due to the effect on the lubricant of chemically active and abrasive drilling muds and many other factors. The article discusses the obtained results of studies of lubricant bases for threaded connections of drill pipes used for the oil industry, the distinctive features of which are physical and chemical composition, including low molecular weight polyethylene, synthetic rubber, rubber softeners, powdered graphite, vegetable oils.The authors of the article selected the basis of lubricant from industrial rubber production waste, and also presented the advantages of the developed lubricants and materials. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of increasing the wear and sealing properties of threaded pipe joints used in drilling oil and gas wells.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOSPHATE LOAD ON THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN IN THE AREA OF YAROSLAVL CITY
Authors: Ladygina O.V. , Nasyrova L.A. , Safiullin E.M. , Nasibov T.R.
Published: September 2024

Excessive runoff of biogenic elements into natural watercourses as a result of anthropogenic activities leads to ecological balance violation in aquatic ecosystems, resulting in negative effect on aquatic organism vital activities and worsening the natural water quality due to activity of phytoplankton, especially blue-green algae. Nowadays eutrophication is one of the most serious environmental problems, especially in large rivers such as the Volga River.Since the Volga River flows through many agricultural areas and large cities, the influence of diffuse runoff from horticultural associations, as well as industrial and domestic runoff, on the river is significant. At the same time, the reservoir system built on the river also makes a significant contribution to the stagnation of water masses, which contributes to eutrophication.Currently, phosphates are recognized to be one of the main elements determining the eutrophication degree. Phosphorus for aquatic plants is the dominant component in mineral nutrition, therefore, significant deviations from the established standards of permissible concentrations lead to disastrous consequences for aquatic ecosystems.The purpose of this study was to monitor phosphate ion content in the Volga River and its tributaries in Yaroslavl city for a year and to find the dependence of the riverbed quantitative characteristics on dissolved phosphates content in them using the example of the Kotorosl River.The objects of the study were the Volga, Kotorosl, Tolgobolka, Nora, Dunayka, Uroch rivers, located in four districts of Yaroslavl city.The assessment of the dependence of the river morphometric parameters on the predisposition to phosphate accumulation was carried out on the Kotorosl River, as among of all the rivers represented in the Yaroslavl Region, it has a sufficiently large depth, a winding channel and a weak current, which makes it possible to assess the parameters of the channel at the inflow place to the Volga River.Based on the annual observation results, graphs of seasonal variability of phosphate concentrations in rivers by month of the year were constructed. The presented fluctuations in concentrations are of a wave nature.Correlation and regression analysis has been used to evaluate the relationship between the indicators of the Kotorosl riverbed and the phosphate content in the water column. According to the results of the work, the relationship between water section area and phosphate concentration in the river was revealed.The paper presents graphs of seasonal variability of phosphate ion concentrations in the Volga, Kotorosl, Dunayka, Tolgobolka, Nora, and Uroch rivers in Yaroslavl city. The morphometric parameters of the Kotorosl River at the place of its inflow to the Volga River were measured, and a correlation and regression analysis of the dependence of quantitative indicators of the riverbed and phosphate ions content in the water was carried out.
ON FEASIBILITY OF AZEOTROPIC SYSTEM USING TO IMPROVE DIETHYLENE GLYCOL REGENERATION QUALITY
Authors: Safin R.A. , Ponomarev A.I.
Published: September 2024

The main technological scheme for dry natural gas treatment is absorption drying with diethylene glycol (DEG) vacuum regeneration. The final stage of field development is characterized by low flow rates and high moisture content of the gas, leading to load increase on gas drying devices and the DEG regeneration unit, resulting in deterioration in the quality of the regenerated DEG. This is due to DEG contamination with mechanical impurities, organic salts, products of its resinification and decomposition.In conditions of declining gas production at the fields of the Cenomanian deposits of theFar North, one of the possible variants of DEG regeneration processes efficiency increasing is the transfer of glycol regeneration units to operate according to the azeotropic distillation scheme.The objects of the study are water-saturated glycol regeneration units used in absorption units of gas fields. The issues of technological efficiency of water-saturated glycol regeneration unit operation according to existing schemes are considered and feasibility of their transfer to the use of azeotropic distillation is given.
SOCIAL JUSTICE FOR MINERS AND MINING-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES: THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE
Authors: Raashi Chauhan
Published: September 2024

South Africa’s history of discriminatory and unfair apartheid laws resulted in significant hardship and suffering of miners and mining communities. Post-apartheid brought about a number of legislative reforms in an attempt to right the wrongs of the past. More than twenty years later, many mining-affected communities and areas are still exposed to water, soil, noise and dust pollution. This not only causes ill health but also causes social disruption, increased crime and forced resettlement. South Africa has all the necessary environmental legislation in place yet communities continue to suffer from the harmful effects of mining. Very often, the poorest and most vulnerable communities suffer the worst of these consequences. Due to poor enforcement and management by governmental departments, there remains inadequate compliance with these laws within the mining sector. It is important to consider what mining companies have done to rehabilitate the environment and the communities around them. The article concludes with suggestions on how environmental and mining law can play a better role in enhancing the lives of mining communities.