bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosa c'entra l'amore con la psicologia del lavoro e delle organizzazioni?
Authors: Cassani Cristiano , Giudici Elena , Rota Silvia
Published: June 2021

L'articolo riferisce l'intervista delle autrici a Bruno Morchio, psicologo e autore di romanzi noir ambientati nella vecchia Genova, svolta al Caffč degli Specchi un pomeriggio di primavera (o era autunno?). Il filo conduttore č quello della memoria e seguendolo si parla di Resistenza, rapporto tra esperienza e conoscenza, relazioni genitori-figli, spaesamento delle vecchie e delle nuove generazioni, crisi dell'identitŕ paterna, letteratura e di molte altre cose. Una chiacchierata a ruota libera, a cui hanno partecipato anche il dottor Gianluca Carlini e il professor Cassani, spesso interrotta da venditori ambulanti e suonatori venuti da paesi lontani alla ricerca di una vita migliore.
Note preliminari per una "fiction" sul caso Lucia Joyce
Authors: Barbetta Pietro
Published: June 2021

Il testo indaga il caso clinico di Lucia Joyce alla luce della scrittura del padre e in relazione alle interpretazioni psicoanalitiche di Jung e Lacan. L'ipotesi piů accreditata č che la scrittura di Joyce o la condizione nomadica e precaria della famiglia Joyce abbia avuto conseguenze riguardo al disordine psichico di Lucia. In questo testo cercherň di discutere quest'idea proponendo un'ipotesi clinica differente, legata alla iatrogenicitŕ degli interventi e degli internamenti psichiatrici subiti dalla figlia di Joyce contro la volontŕ propria e del padre, che leggeva invece nelle condotte della figlia ammirevoli e sconvolgenti capacitŕ telepatiche.
Accogliere l'ambiguitŕ. Risonanze ambigue nella relazione psicoterapeutica
Authors: Carla Weber
Published: June 2021

Il contributo muove dall'ipotesi che le risonanze relazionali sono per loro stessa natura ambigue, non essendo mai l'uno riducibile del tutto all'altro. Esplora alla luce della base naturale della stessa relazione psicoterapeutica la "pars costruens". Accettare un certo compromesso con la vischiositŕ delle posizioni ambigue, implica, di conseguenza, l'approfondimento della capacitŕ di contenimento dell'ambiguitŕ in una determinata relazione psicoterapeutica e l'apprendimento al contatto con l'ignoto e l'indifferenziato. Il riferimento agli apporti teorici di Ferenczi, Bion, Winnicott, Bleger, consente di approfondire come co-evolve la risonanza nella relazione psicoteraputica e le possibilitŕ di attivazione di un'area intermedia, generativa di cambiamento. La clinica, inoltre, puň godere delle esperienze dei poeti e degli artisti per comprendere quanto l'ambiguitŕ sia fonte della creazione, e perciň della vita stessa. Oltre all'esplorazione dei vincoli e delle possibilitŕ di utilizzo della rilevanza generativa dell'ambiguitŕ nella relazione psicoterapeutica, il contributo esplora la natura stessa dell'ipotesi dello spazio intermedio nel setting della cura e la natura ambigua di quello stesso spazio.
Confini di genere e generi di confini: genealogie postmoderne
Authors: Locatelli Carla
Published: June 2021

Alla luce delle molteplici valenze che il termine "genere" ha assunto storicamente, si rivisitano qui i suoi limiti semantici, non solo in relazione a dicotomie tradizionali (sesso/genere; maschile/femminile), ma anche a grappoli di concetti prodotti in diverse discipline e prassi che ne hanno appropriato valenze specifiche, funzionali a diverse "volontŕ di sapere". Prassi emancipatorie ed epistemologie decostruttive producono discorsi con finalitŕ radicalmente diverse: la realizzazione di progetti politici e/o la decostruzione della rappresentazione di genere. Il saggio cerca di delineare la co-esistenza di teorizzazioni e pratiche nella realtŕ contemporanea e gli effetti che producono nel pensare identitŕ e sessualitŕ.
Conflitti affettivi nelle relazioni primarie. Omosessualitŕ e coming-out in famiglia
Authors: Lettori Laura
Published: June 2021

Il lavoro di ricerca che ho realizzato riguarda la tematica dell'omosessualitŕ e del coming out in famiglia, affrontata a partire da diversi aspetti psicosociali presenti nella vita di tutti giorni: la comunicazione, il conflitto, il potere, l'identitŕ di genere. Ampia parte del lavoro č costituita dall'analisi di alcuni racconti di vita e articoli della stampa quotidiana, nei quali si possono ritrovare dei fili conduttori tipici di coloro che affrontano la prima comunicazione di questo diverso orientamento sessuale. Le relazioni primarie sono al centro di questa ricerca la quale viene arricchita da articoli della stampa quotidiana che, suddivisi per temi, evidenziano nel tempo le costanti di come questa tematica č stata trattata socialmente
Il respiro del passo: il cammino come metafora biografica
Authors: Fiscella Patrizia
Published: June 2021

La "metafora del cammino" qui utilizzata, fa riferimento ad un cammino adulto consapevole e dotato di senso che, in quanto tale, affronti nel suo procedere quelle tematiche che non possono essere disgiunte da un discorso formativo adulto: riflessivitŕ, esperienza, autoapprendimento, consapevolezza, responsabilitŕ, libertŕ di scelta. Ma il cammino esprime la sua forza metaforica anche attraverso la presenza dell'elemento fisico, il coinvolgimento dell'elemento corporeo che č immagine di un apprendere attraverso l'esperienza. Le metodologie formative esperienziali consentono agli adulti un apprendimento che, a partire dalla propria specificitŕ e soggettualitŕ, passando attraverso l'azione, le emozioni e la dimensione relazionale, generi un reale sviluppo delle capacitŕ cognitive. Dare voce a cammini di donne č per l'autore sia opportunitŕ per rammentare una lacuna storica in tutte le scienze sociali, cui č mancata una delle due voci, sia occasione per evidenziare che la formazione degli adulti deve prendere le distanze dalla generalizzazione. L'attenzione al genere č un punto di partenza, occasione per arrivare a sviluppare una prospettiva piů ampia che focalizzi la centralitŕ del soggetto, pur con la sua peculiaritŕ di genere, che in ambito formativo equivale a scegliere metodologie che mettano effettivamente il soggetto al centro, come, appunto, i metodi narrativi e autobiografici: dare voce alla biografia, e tramite essa al soggetto che la narra, ri-costruire la propria identitŕ ed empowerment, fino alla ricerca di senso e alla ricostruzione di senso. Legittimare il duale, dunque, per arrivare al singolare; legittimare la differenza per evidenziare l'individualitŕ.
Rapporti occasionali di un certo genere
Authors: Murgia Annalisa , Poggio Barbara
Published: June 2021

Negli ultimi anni si č assistito ad una crescente precarizzazione dell'esperienza lavorativa degli individui. Si tratta di un fenomeno che ha significative implicazioni di genere, sia per quanto riguarda i vissuti di lavoro, che le rappresentazioni sociali. Sebbene le dinamiche che innescano discriminazioni di genere siano state ampiamente esplorate nell'analisi dei percorsi professionali di uomini e donne, la diffusione del lavoro atipico ne ha accentuato alcune caratteristiche, talvolta in maniera persino paradossale. In questo contributo l'attenzione sarŕ rivolta in modo specifico al contesto italiano, in cui la diffusione dei contratti di lavoro a termine non sembra aver raggiunto gli obiettivi dichiarati, vale a dire l'aumento dei tassi di occupazione di giovani e donne. In particolare adotteremo una prospettiva analitica che guardi alle differenze di genere tra chi esperisce situazioni di incertezza lavorativa. Verranno infine discusse eventuali politiche a sostegno del lavoro atipico, nella prospettiva di un maggior equilibrio di genere nei percorsi professionali.
Cinema e femminilitŕ: conversando con Marina Spada
Authors: Marina Spada
Published: June 2021

L'incontro con Marina Spada, regista del cinema milanese e docente da 20 anni presso la Civica Scuola di Cinema di Milano, ci conduce con felice immediatezza nella tensione creativa di un set cinematografico, consentendo di approfondire alcuni tratti specifici dell'industria culturale contemporanea interconnessi con l'espressione dei valori della femminilitŕ. Donna e cinema nella testimonianza di Marina Spada č un'equazione con piů significati, dei quali, con alta probabilitŕ, il piů rilevante per la nostra ospite č una sorta di circolo virtuoso tra l'amore per il proprio lavoro di quest'artista e l'amore per i collaboratori con i quali condivide la gioia profonda di fare cinema.
Donne, commercio e fantasia. Conflitti familiari in Africa occidentale
Authors: Aime Marco
Published: June 2021

L'articolo affronta il problema del conflitto di genere che nasce all'interno di molte famiglie africane, quando le donne, grazie alle loro piccole attivitŕ commerciali, diventano le principali fornitrici di reddito. In molti casi, infatti, il guadagno delle donne, č l'unica entrata in denaro, che consente di andare al di lŕ della mera sussistenza. Dimostrando fantasia e notevole spirito imprenditoriale, molte donne dell'Africa occidentale, danno vita a forme di associazionismo, finalizzate al commercio, che consentono di ridurre i rischi e di ottimizzare i guadagni. Tale impegno si scontra perň con certi aspetti del pensiero maschile, retaggio di tempi andati.
Limiti e prospettive delle fonti rinnovabili in Italia
Authors: Coiante Domenico
Published: June 2021

- The Italian energy balance for year 2005 is discussed with particular attention on renewable energy production. The potentials of renewable sources are evaluated in terms of energy density that can be obtained from occupied plant area. About 20000 km2 of sunny barren lands are present in South of Italy, particularly suitable for photovoltaic plants and that corresponds to a potential production of 144 Mtep of primary energy. Therefore, in theory, the photovoltaic energy potential is comparable with energy balance. The grid connection limit due to intermittent power generation of photovoltaic and wind energy systems is considered in relation with the stability of grid power level. Assuming a 25% maximum grid penetration of intermittent power with respect to capacity of active thermoelectric generators, the renewable energy contribution amounts to about 2% of annual energy balance. In front of expectations for a larger contribution, the practical result is the renewable energy production of present systems is marginal, unsuitable for counteracting the global climate crisis. The conclusion is that, for exploiting the large renewable energy potential, is necessary to implement the plants with an energy storage system able to overcome the source intermittency. Without this improvement, the expectations on renewable energy sources could be disappointed.

Key words: intermittent renewable sources, energy production limit, grid connection
Un'analisi del problema della "localizzazione indesiderata" attraverso la teoria de giochi e l'economia cognitiva
Authors: Villani Salvatore
Published: June 2021

- The analysts of the processes of public bodies decision - taking have long been discussing on the establishment of proper strategies to manage "environmental conflicts" - above all the so-called problems of "undesired location" of public works and facilities - efficiently (i.e. on a short-period basis so as to grant decision and agreement stability) and fairly (the parties' satisfaction is itself a further guarantee of decision and agreement stability). Each strategy, anyway, is still in progress, like a "universe to create and explore". Therefore, in this paper, we will focus on the analysis of the problem and provide as well some theoretical proposals to arrange "a new interpreting model of public bodies decision-taking processes" based on the achievements of two new subject-matters: evolutionary game theory and cognitive economy. Both sciences share their investigation field with law and economic science.

Key words: Collective decision analysis, public decision-taking theory, conflict (re)solution, game theory, cooperative games, evolutionary game theory, neuroeconomics, bargaining theory.

Parole chiave: Analisi delle decisioni collettive, teoria delle scelte pubbliche, risoluzione dei conflitti, teoria dei giochi, teoria della contrattazione, giochi cooperativi, teoria evolutiva dei giochi, neuroeconomia.

JEL classifications: D700, D710, D740, C700, C710, C730, D870.
Economie di scala e dimensione ottimale nella distribuzione del gas: una meta-analisi
Authors: Gullě Francesco
Published: June 2021

Questo articolo analizza la letteratura sulle economie di scala nelle industrie di distribuzione del gas e dell'elettricitŕ. In particolare viene costruita una meta-analisi che consente di stimare la probabilitŕ che vi siano o meno rendimenti di scala crescenti. Il lavoro mette in luce che le economie di scala nella distribuzione del gas sono relativamente deboli. Esiste una probabilitŕ del solo 15% che si abbiano economie di scala significative. Inoltre si evidenzia come la scala ottimale delle imprese si attesti su valori relativamente bassi, circa 50.000 utenti.
Economic theory and the end of the day in Copenhagen
Authors: Banks Ferdinand E.
Published: June 2021

Economic theory and the end of the day in Copenhagen, by Ferdinand E. Banks Copenhagen Conference did not succeed, but something is moving in the climate change arena. Many scholars now doubt about trade mechanism and recognize that a well balanced mix of energy sources is needed to take the global warming.
100% renewable electricity by mid century in italy?
Authors: Silvestrini Gianni
Published: June 2021

Climate change will be in the future one of the most influential driving force for energy policies. In the electric sector will therefore be important to find solution to reduce carbon emission. With the shrinking share of nuclear power, Carbon Capture Sequestration will play an important role, although the largest contribution will come from renewable energies. Ambitious roadmaps and new targets have already been set - Germany plans to cover 80% of its electric demand with renewables by 2050 - based on studies indicating the possibility to achieve 100% of the electric demand through renewable energy by 2050. The capital required is significant, although over a long period (over 40 years) the economic impact of this transition will be limited. With an increasing renewable share and the need to convert a large electricity market, Italy should incorporate a longer-term perspective and vision and a broader geographical scope. After the nuclear referendum, it is important to discuss scenarios at national level coherent with international indications and climate change constraints and launch a revolutionary approach; but at present is lacking the clear vision of the future required to do so.
The design of a strategy to encourage voluntary travel behaviour change: a cap and save programme
Authors: Meloni Italo , Spissu Erika
Published: June 2021

The objective of this work is to explore the contribution of daily activity-travel patterns to carbon emissions, and to define the steps for the implementation of an effective behavioural strategy to encourage voluntary travel behavioural changes. This work proposes an extensive review of the most relevant strategies implemented to achieve sustainable objectives. In particular, the focus is on those strategies aimed at changing human behaviour, debated both in transportation (Structural strategies) and in sociological and psychological (Cognitive-Motivational strategies) fields. Further, international experiences of Voluntary Travel Behavioural Changes programs, as opposed to compulsory measures (i.e. taxation, restrictions etc.), are investigated. Finally, the work describes the results of a pilot survey held in Cagliari (Italy) to test a behavioural strategy called "Cap and Save". The basic idea of the Cap and Save is that voluntary travel behavioural changes are more likely when the individuals are able to recognize a personal profit. The Cap and Save program combines a number of key aspects from behavioural strategies reviewed in the literature (i.e. Tradable Exploitation Rights, Personal Journey Planning etc.): first, individuals are free to modify their behaviour; second, a cognitive-motivational process is set forth to increase awareness of sustainable behaviours. Third, each individual receives an annual emissions limit (cap) and a monetary incentive (save) to reduce emissions; fourth, a set of personalized alternatives is tailored for the individual in order to reduce weekly mileage. Finally, the Cap and Save program relies on an accurate analysis of activity-travel behaviour before and after policy intervention. The initial test of the Cap and Save programme was conducted during a two-week survey (July-October 2009), which involved a group of students from the University of Cagliari (Italy). The first week, the students were invited to record their actual daily activity-travel patterns. The second week, they were asked to repeat the survey, this time they were challenged to maintain a weekly cap of kilometres travelled thereby saving the corresponding resources (i.e. environmental and monetary). Each student was provided with a set of personalized alternatives, which (if followed) would result in a 20% reduction of kilometres travelled. The comparison of before and after strategy implementation highlights the implications of Cap and Save on a wide range of individual daily activities and, specifically, on personal car usage.
A medium term evaluation of the Ecopass road pricing scheme in Milan: economic, environmental and transport impacts
Authors: Danielis Romeo , Rotaris Lucia , Marcucci Edoardo , Massiani Jérome
Published: June 2021

The paper provides an evaluation of the Ecopass road pricing scheme for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The term Ecopass conveys the stated political objective of the scheme: a PASS to improve the quality of the urban environment (ECO). The scheme has actually improved the air quality in Milan, although the recommended PM10 threshold is still exceeded for a larger number of days than that recommended by EU directives. This paper estimates the costs and benefits of the scheme three years after its implementation using the same methodology applied in Rotaris et al. (2010) for the year 2008. The results indicate that the benefits still exceed the costs, and by an increasing amount, but at an annual decreasing rate of improvement. The Ecopass scheme has proved beneficial, but it seems to have exhausted its potential: little further gains in air quality could be obtained via a fiscal incentive to improve the abatement technology of the vehicles. The new administration, elected in June 2011, was faced with the task of deciding whether to dismiss, maintain or change the Ecopass scheme. The prevailing idea coming from the Ecopass Commission and from the advocacy groups was to extend both the area of application and the number of classes subject to the charge. In November 2011 the new administration decided to substitute Ecopass with Area C, a policy based on a congestion charge which incorporates some environmental elements.
Comparison of social and perceived marginal costs of road transport in Italy
Authors: Beria Paolo , Grimaldi Raffaele , Ponti Marco
Published: June 2021

The topic of external costs of transport is widely studied in the scientific literature and policy makers are showing a growing awareness on this problem. One of the main tools used to control the social costs of transport and reduce welfare losses associated to externalities is that of internalisation via tariffs: road pricing, carbon taxes, dedicated taxes etc. Actually, many taxes on transport already exist, but seldom have an explicit internalisation purpose. In this paper we compare current road transport perceived marginal costs in Italy with social ones. Starting from the literature on the topic, in the analytical part of the paper we present the case of Italy and quantify the current level of external costs and taxation. Then we compare unit taxes with marginal transport social costs, with particular respect to different driving contexts. Results show that gasoline passengers cars always perceive the external costs they generate more than any other vehicle category. In urban contexts external costs are still not rightly perceived, with the exception of recent gasoline cars only and excluding congestion. Outside urban contexts, the perceived share is considerably higher. Estimates also suggest that a distortion exists with respect to the gap between highway tolls and infrastructure damage costs in Italy: trucks pay only a little more than marginal infrastructure costs they generate, so that only cars are actually paying for new investments.
Modelli di gestione a confronto per le infrastrutture di trasporto di gas naturale
Authors: Fratini Danicla
Published: June 2021

- In the perspective of the draft proposals of the European Commission contained in the so called Third Energy Package, an assessment of the natural gas transport network organizational models is needed. Particular attention is devoted to the forms of separation between the network manager and the service provider, the relationship between property and management of the network and the ownership regime of such infrastructures. For every profile, different organization models are discussed through a cost and benefit comparison. The objective of the paper is to provide some lessons about the best solutions to assure transparency of the capacity use, security of the system, quality of the service and adequacy of the investment decisions in the natural gas transport infrastructure. JEL L33, L38, L52, L95
Dati telerilevati e beni pubblici globali
Authors: Di Ciaccio Simona , Rum Giovanni , Bignami Giovanni F.
Published: June 2021

- This paper is an initial investigation of the possibility that remote sensing data be regarded as global public goods. Remote sensing data for civil applications may be considered as Moreover products since the marginal cost from an additional use is close to zero. Indeed, remote sensing data are a form of scientific knowledge and as such have an important public good trait. Furthermore, this is also a consequence of the general opinion that regards environmental resources as global public goods and natural disasters as international public bads. To show that remote sensing data have the potential to be considered global public goods has significant implications. Indeed, global public goods provide a rationale for international collective action, which is the only way to produce and share them, given that a global governmental authority does not exist. The paper will recall examples of international initiatives and programs that are based on data sharing principles implying full and open exchange of data and implicitly recognizing that remote sensing data are global public goods.

JEL H4
L'evoluzione dei rapporti tra enti pubblici e nonprofit nel settore dell'assistenza in Italia: nodi e prospettive
Authors: Fazzi Luca
Published: June 2021

- Since the 1990s Italy has experienced a strong expansion in social enterprises and in the third sector. Empirical literature has focused overall on the economic and employment dimensions of the third sector's role in the economy of social care. However, in the last years little has been written about the empirical process of evolution of the welfare mix in Italy. To address this need, the paper analyzes the recent dynamics of the relations between public agencies and nonprofit enterprises. The central conclusion emerging from this analysis is that the evolution of nonprofit in Italy still suffers from a number of drawbacks and limitations, while the regulative approach to the welfare mix is only partially appropriate to enforce the advantages of nonprofit enterprises in a modern economy of welfare.

JEL L300
Investimenti e criteri per l'assegnazione a gara delle infrastrutture: il caso dell'Interporto di Cervignano
Authors: Gardina Massimo
Published: June 2021

- The paper describes the role of the public investor and the criteria of assignment used for public transport service procurement, focusing on the case of the interport of Cervignano. The main point is to show that among the possible choices for procurement the choice of the international tender appears interesting and innovative. Currently, in Italy, only the company that manages the interport of Cervignano has chosen this procurement method, in a landscape of mainly in-house assignments. Use of the «competition for the market» enables the Cervignano manager to achieve the full contestability of the market during the period of concession.

JEL H54
Scelte pubbliche, efficienza e giustizia distributiva intergenerazionale: ruolo ed effetti del tasso di sconto
Authors: Clerico Giuseppe
Published: June 2021

Public projects (to be understood as the set of public choices that affect human behavior and the dynamics of the economic system) can result in an immediate and a future stream of benefits or an immediate flow of benefits with costs occurring in the future. The public choice, therefore, raises both the problem of intergenerational relations and the criterion of fairness (distributive justice) that governs them. The problem arises because, given the non-simultaneity of the costs and benefits of a project, discrepancies may arise in treatment between the generations. The time raises a twofold objective: the pursuit of distributive justice in intergenerational and the need to respect the criterion of intergenerational efficiency level. Closely connected to this dual aim is the problem of the discount rate. As a euro today has a value other than a euro available within a few years the monetary values that accrue in different times must be discounted. The opportunity to use the discount rate raises issues of both fairness and efficiency at both intra-and intergenerational level. Different levels of discount rate implies different burden for different generations. A level is appropriate to distinguish between the problems of fairness from the problems of efficiency. The opportunity of using the discount rate is based on two essential elements: the opportunity cost of capital, and the time preference of the subjects which in turn depends on factors such as impatience and uncertainty. The current evaluation of a public project depends on individual willingness to pay for that project. It follows that the discount of this assessment is similar to the discount of monetary values that ripen at different times. The cost-benefit assessment needs using the discount rate, but the use raises, in particular, the problem of intergenerational fairness.
Standard di spesa e di entrata nella Legge Delega sul federalismo fiscale. Un'analisi con un modello CGE
Authors: Fiorillo Fabio , Robotti Lorenzo , Severini Francesca
Published: June 2021

The Law 42/09 represents an important step towards fiscal federalism in Italy. In particular, the Law places its foundation on the principles of territoriality, fiscal autonomy and fiscal equalization in order to abandon the criterion of historical expenditure in favor of «standard costs». A standard level of services must be provided by the local governments which must finance the expenditures mainly with their own tax revenues. In case the revenues are not adequate to cover the «standard» financial needs, the central government intervenes with equalization transfers. The definition of «standard criteria» therefore represents a crucial phase in the whole reforming process. The amount of central government transfers in fact depends on the flexibility of these criteria. Since the law gives very few indications on how to calculate the «standard costs/revenues», in this work we propose some alternative evaluations of these and assess the impact that different approaches can have on the central and local budgets using a CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model based on a bi-regional SAM (Social Accounting Matrix) for Italy for 2003.
Family taxation and labour market participation incentives in Italy
Authors: Aassve Arnstein , Pazienza Maria Grazia , Rapallini Chiara
Published: June 2021

The potential implications of using the family as opposed to the individual as the unit of taxation are not clear. This applies both to work incentives and distributional outcomes. In this paper we evaluate the effects of a hypothetical reform of Italian income taxation both on labour supply incentives and on redistribution of income between families with different composition and income levels. In particular, we analyze the potential effects of a shift from the current system of individual taxation to a system of family taxation similar to the French family-splitting approach by implementing a tax-benefit model. Based on data from the Bank of Italy Survey of Household Income and Wealth, our simulations show a reduction in the degree of progressivity and a disincentive for the labour supply of additional earners within the family.
La perequazione per gli effetti della mobilitŕ delle persone sulle finanze dei governi locali
Authors: Bernareggi Gian Maria
Published: June 2021

The compliance with the «principle of fiscal equivalence», i.e. the coincidence between the areas of the economic and the political jurisdiction, is a basic requirement for the efficient provision of public services by a local government. The mobility of people is an important factor preventing this requirement from being met and generating a serious case of externality: as a result of mobility, indeed, many people come to consume the services provided by a given local government (e.g. the central municipality of a metropolitan area), although they belong to other political jurisdictions, in which they are voters and taxpayers. From the distributional viewpoint this implies an additional burden on the budget of the municipality in question, and ultimately on the finances of its resident citizens. The idea of devising some way to prevent such burden from arising seems to deserve a great deal of attention. This paper tries firstly to provide an outline of the inefficiencies generated by the mobility of people in the framework of a decentralized state, and in the second place some suggestions about the use of the Italian local revenue schemes (taxes, public prices and grants) - both existing and envisaged in the current project of reform - to meet the demand for equalization arising from the distributional outcome of such inefficiencies.
Scientific understanding, representation, and explanation
Authors: Faye Jan
Published: June 2021

This paper attempts to show that scientific explanation relies not only on theoretical representation but also on scientific understanding. It introduces a distinction between ‘embodied' and ‘reflective' understanding and argues that both forms of understanding have an important role to play in the constitution of any scientific practise. Other significant features of a scientific practice are the act of explanation and interpretation. Thus, the paper claims that scientists' ability to produce scientific explanations and interpretations rests on both representational and non-representational knowledge.
Explanation of physical phenomena by laws of nature
Authors: Mittelstaedt Peter
Published: June 2021

For an ‘explanation' of physical facts by laws of nature, we have to establish a relation between physical facts and laws of nature. It is an open question, whether the laws of nature govern the facts with necessity or whether the laws are related to the facts merely by supervenience. In addition, it is not quite clear, whether the known laws of physics describe only artificially simplified cases, e.g. isolated situations, or whether the laws of physics actually grasp real facts. Known solutions of these problems refer to situations where laws of classical physics are applied to phenomena of classical physics. However, if the same laws were applied to matter of facts of the domain of modern physics, then in many cases there would be no ‘explanation' in the sense mentioned. These new problems can be treated either by additional ‘interpretations' of the theories in question, or by a radical change of the ontological preconditions of classical physics.
The natural ambiguity of the notion of ‘natural', and how to overcome it
Authors: Dorato Mauro
Published: June 2021

In this paper I will explore the ramification of the distinction between fact and values in order to show that human values enter in various ways in both science and (nano)technologies without violating Hume's fact/value distinction. Among the nanotechnologies, I will discuss the case study provided by the use of microchips implanted under our skin: though they do not obviously overcome the limits of the natural laws (intended in the descriptive sense), their application might in principle jeopardize our ethical principles in a way that is more powerful than previously existing ‘macrotechnology'. This greater power depends on the fact that the properties of the macroworld depend on the ‘nanoworld', but not conversely.
The tenets of hermeneutical realism
Authors: Ginev Dimitri
Published: June 2021

This article explores and attempts to resolve some issues that arise when at stake is the need to harmonize philosophical hermeneutics with a kind of realist philosophy of science. The author takes issue with established position in the realism-antirealism controversy. Interventionism is criticized for a residual Cartesian dualism. Cognitive relativism is debated by developing a concept of situated transcendence in the constitution of objects of inquiry. Non-behaviorist arguments against scheme-content dualism are advanced that appeal to context- sensitive theory of meaning. Social constructivism is rejected for the hypostatization of epistemic positions. The article suggests a model of the constitution of meaning. It undertakes an attempt at demonstrating how the integration of this model in a hermeneutic philosophy of science leads to realism without epistemological representationalism, foundationalism, and cognitive essentialism. The article is oriented toward a new dialogue between hermeneutic phenomenology and a holistic epistemology.
Letteratura, arte e conoscenza nel romanticismo. una sintesi
Authors: Oropallo Lorenzo
Published: June 2021

Un'indagine dello stato dei saperi artistici e scientifici nell'etŕ moderna deve necessariamente partire dall'epistemologia del primo romanticismo tedesco. Il sistema filosofico di Kant, infatti, analizza l'ambito di applicazione del pensiero umano, rilevando che l'arte, in quanto oggetto che sfugge all'indagine razionale della natura, non fornisce alcun tipo di conoscenza. Partendo da tale premessa, e dal ruolo che quindi Kant assegna preliminarmente all'arte, relegandola nell'ambito dell'estetica che č intesa come branca filosofica autonoma distinta dall'indagine razionale della scienza, Fichte, Schelling e i primi romantici tedeschi propongono di riconsiderare l'arte come forma di conoscenza piů alta, in quanto non solo prodotto, ma produzione del sapere stesso per il tramite del medesimo processo conoscitivo su cui si fonda la scienza. Ciononostante, proprio a partire dal romanticismo letteratura, arte e scienza vengono definitivamente separate andando a costituire le basi del nostro attuale paradigma conoscitivo.
La riflessione al lavoro
Authors: Rossi Bruno
Published: June 2021

This contribution aims at discussing the relationship between professional identity growth and critical reflection on the ways to make experiences, on the knowledge and cognitive and emotional experiences acquired in the workplace, on the epistemic prespecties and sustaining practice. Thinking and re-thinking about oneself, together with inquiring and critizising oneself, allow new world construction, cognitive and learning mobilisation, knowledge production, process, artefact and language invention, and ones emotional life awareness. The subject in the workplace finds in the research, action and training the most promising conditions to discover the meaning of daily activities and to make sense to ones activity.
La narrazione come nuova sintesi di fare-cultura
Authors: Pulvirenti Francesca
Published: June 2021

In this paper we outline the boundaries of a new epistemology in which female narration and code overlap with the role of narrativity and complexity in contemporary research, as Paradigms of Transversality. In postmodernity, narrativity emerges as the contextualization of knowledge and complexity utters itself as its current epistemic statute. Knowledges are located in the ‘living world' and as such they should be understood narratively. Narrative, then, goes from being ‘external history' to an increasingly ‘internal paradigm' of knowledge, one that is always (and totally) intertwined with ‘narrative thinking'. Female knowledge finds its right place in this epistemic situation, and the epistemological and philosophical reflections - highlighted by the introduction of the category of gender - allow feminist discourse to state the systematic asymmetry between women and men; in effect, the latter, despite acting on all levels and in all moments of social and cultural life, has no ultimate foundational cause, since gender is a historical construct, and therefore modifiable. In this feminist path, narrative therefore presents itself as a declaration of existence, of being woman and being man, which rests on the cultural as well as the biological. Women and men make up a discursive intrigue, which is peripatetic and adventurous, an interdependent complexity. This narrative reveals our narrative webs and introduces us to an interactive universalism that sets the relational dimension as constitutive of individuals, groups, cultures and identities. The task of education thus is to open the road, through reflexive practices, to different ways of living, centred on personal experiences, and therefore narrative knowledge, in order to enable man and woman to learn to reveal themselves, to think and think of themselves, to tell and tell themselves, to insert themselves into networks of dialogue, so to build sites for innovation and reflexivity and open ‘thresholds' and ‘meeting places' to ‘do-culture'.
The Omnipresence of Power
Authors: Brookfield Stephen
Published: June 2021

This article explores the presence of power in efforts to teach reflectively. I critique the notion of power as flowing overwhelmingly in one direction, from teacher to taught. Power is argued to be inherently uncontrollable and to manifest itself in multiple and unpredictable ways. I argue that power dynamics are omnipresent in educational, organizational and social movement settings, and that skillful reflective practitioners therefore need to be aware of its workings. I explore one specific practice - the circle - and provide examples of three techniques that represent a critically reflective application of that practice and that address power dynamics head on.
Medical Professionalism and Reflexivity. Examples of training to the sense of "duty" in medicine
Authors: de Mennato Patrizia
Published: June 2021

This paper contains our reflection on the experience held at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Florence (Italy) in many courses in Pedagogical Disciplines for the Bachelor's and Master's degree that have involved more than 1000 students. I think that if the reflective habits are presented in an early stage of students' training they can contribute to form a habit of mind that will accompany their professional biography. Therefore, we have chosen to focus on reflexivity as a primary educational strategy to enter into relationship with one's professional task. This has prompted us to build compelling educational opportunities that ‘expose' the students' minds to issues/problems/contradictions that are present in their everyday experiences of practitioners and students. The reflective laboratories and their public discussion introduce to a ‘familiarity with the exercise of reflection' through which students can learn to take themselves as subjects/objects of their knowledge and to recognize the contradictions and automatisms that appear in their professional action. These reflective modes start to training to a new idea of Medical Professionalism. This does not reduce professional action to linear sequences of activities, but have to recover also specific human qualities from professional epistemologies and responsibility
Stage in Educational Practice. A Reflective Experience
Authors: Perillo Pascal
Published: June 2021

This article is about a still in-progress research experience that is a part of a wider research-action context and intends to suggest a model of organization for training activities that focuses on the educational professions and are based on "reflectivity" and "transformative learning". The intention is to show the organizational structure of a still ongoing experience performed by the internshipstudents. This experience is part of a research that started in 2010 in order to explore the several dimensions and the chances to practice a reflectivity education. Considering reflection as a professional habitus, the research develops its theoretical and methodological framework on the basis of different points of references, such as Dewey's "theory of inquiry"; Schön's "reflective practitioner"; Mezirow's "transformative learning". The three perspectives represent an epistemological background that can be defined as reflective and transformative epistemology of professional practices in education.
La dimensione emotiva nelle pratiche della comunitŕ on line per le organizzazioni
Authors: Raviolo Paolo
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a methodology for using social media tools in online community of practices, through a cross-reading with the emotional dimension which is one of the key motivation aspect in the widespread use social media. We consider the tools for shared contents construction (content publishing, interactive environments and wikis) and the tools for content negotiation (cross comments, blog, forum and whiteboard). The proposed methodology uses the communities of practice theoretical (Lave, Wenger) in relation with the approach of David Goleman to the relationship between learning and emotional dimensions: selfawareness, self-domain, motivation, empathy and social skills.
Editoriale. Resilienza: un costrutto alla ricerca di una teoria
Authors: L'Abate Luciano
Published: June 2021

- After a brief historical introduction, this introductory article offers an overview of the construct of Relational Resilience (RR) within the light of Relational Competence Theory (RCT). This theory consists of 16 specific abilities ranging from fundamental experiences of feelings, rationality, activity, awareness (of self and context) to settings, levels of description and explanation, basic abilities to love and to control self, combination of both abilities, the Triangle of Life, developmental differentiation, styles, interactions, selfhood, priorities, as well as distance regulation, the Drama Triangle, intimacy, and the ability to negotiate and problem-solve. Interac-tive practical exercises to improve RR are included in appendix.
Processi di resilienza e mediatori psicosociali in situazioni di disoccupazione: le competenze delle donne
Authors: Manetti Mara , Zunino Anna , Zini Elena , Frattini Laura
Published: June 2021

- The term job loss is used to describe a transition that takes place in individuals' life altering their personal balance. Decrease in self-efficacy and self-esteem, reduction of psychosocial competences and destructuring of time represent the main psychological outcomes of unemployment. The purpose of this work is to study resilience processes women are able to activate as a result of their job loss and to analyze its consequences at a personal and familiar level. Data collected by interview has showed that competencies develop according to the following phases: acknowledgment of the loss, reaction to the traumatic event, abandonment of the old attachments, finding of new meanings, investment on new energies.
Resilienza e bambini separati dalla propria famiglia d'origine. Una ricerca su 21 bambini nascosti sopravvissuti alla Shoah
Authors: Ius Marco , Milani Paola
Published: June 2021

- This paper reports on a qualitative research about resilience processes in Holocaust child survivors, particularly hidden children. Data refer to 21 life stories collected through 19 semi-structured interviews and 2 published biographies and analyzed assuming a Long Term approach that focuses on all life trajectories to obtain developmental outcomes within a life time perspective. The main aim of the research is to understand the protective factors that enable child survivors to develop and grow and can be used by social practitioners working with vulnerable children and families, in order to foster similar resilient responses in children away from home. Key words: resilience, child survivors, Holocaust, children out of home, protective factors.
Spirals of Mutuality: Love, Nonviolence and Service
Authors: Khanna Aggarwal Suman
Published: June 2021

- In this shortened version of her plenary lecture given at the IAGP Conference in Sao Paulo in July 2006, Suman Khanna Aggarwal reflects on the idea that the welfare of every single individual or group is indissolubly intertwined with that of others and that peace is the common goal of all people and all groups. Since we are all individuals who have differing points of view, conflict often occurs at all levels of human interaction though conflict per se is not a problem; the problem is the method of conflict resolution which can be either violent (bad) or nonviolent (good). It is thus important to understand why we must choose nonviolence to resolve conflict. Gandhi maintains we must choose it because, ‘The Law of Nonviolence which is The Law of Love is the Law of Our Species'. This lecture analyses what constitutes love and transfers this analysis to nonviolence. Once we see how they are related we can start connecting effectively with others.
Inconsciente Y Política: Cómo Explorar Negro Y Blanco En Colores?
Authors: Gutmann Amy , Verrier Christophe
Published: June 2021

- This paper is based on the workshop Diversidad, Relaciones Raciales y Transformación organized by Color Cubano (La Havana, Cuba) and The International Forum for Social Innovation (IFSI), based in Paris, France, which took place over four days in November 2006 in The National Council of the Houses of Culture in Havana, Cuba. It was organised to provide an opportunity to begin to understand the difficulty of recognizing, touching and interpreting racially discriminatory processes within an institutional setting, in a political system that promotes voluntary equality. As with everywhere else in the world, the act of uncovering hidden dynamics based on unconscious processes triggers strong resistances.
No Retreat, No Surrender: The Temporal Dimension of Psychic and Social Conflicts / Ni Retirarse Ni Rendirse: La Dimensión Temporal de los Conflictos Psíquicos y Sociales
Authors: Fiorentini Giuseppe , Foresti Giovanni
Published: June 2021

The authors suggest that there is a correlation between the current prevailing experience of time and some disorders in psychic functioning both at the level of the individual and in society. The disruption to the chronological order of psychic development is seen as a consequence of the immense cultural upheavals that took place during the 1970s and '80s. In turn, these changes are viewed as a consequence of more discreet modifications that impact on both family relationships and social structure.

Los autores sugieren que existe una correlación entre la experiencia presente predominante del tiempo y algunos trastornos del funcionamiento psíquico tanto a nivel individual como social. La alteración del orden cronológico del desarrollo psíquico se considera como consecuencia de los terribles trastornos culturales que tuvieron lugar durante los ańos 70 y 80. A su vez, estos cambios se consideran como consecuencia de modificaciones más discretas que impactan tanto a las relaciones familiares como a la estructura social.