bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0069117 suppresses proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells lines via miR-875-3p/PF4V1 axis
Authors: Zhang Ziyan , Zhou Lin , Zhou Shicheng , Li Xin
Published: January 2022

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical regulators involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of circRNA in OS are still not fully understood.

Methods

The circRNA expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed by GEO2R. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the potential target miRNAs of hsa_circ_0069117 and its downstream mRNAs. The co-expression of hsa_circ_0069117/miR-875-3p/PF4V1 axis was further validated in OS tissue samples via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Luciferase reporter gene plasmids containing the sequence of PF4V1 and hsa_circ_0069117 were constructed to verify the putative sites of miR-875-3p. Gain/loss-of-function assays were performed to verify the effect of hsa_circ_0069117 on miR-875-3p/PF4V1 expression and related pathways via qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound-healing assays were performed to evaluate the effect of hsa_circ_0069117 on cell proliferation and migration of MG63 and U2OS, respectively.

Results

We identified hsa_circ_0069117 as the most markedly dysregulated circRNA in OS cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that hsa_circ_0069117 might inhibit the expression of miR-875-3p, thereby promoting the expression of platelet factor 4 variant 1 (PF4V1). The expression of miR-875-3p was negatively correlated to hsa_circ_0069117 and PF4V1 in clinical samples. Luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed the binding sites of miR-875-3p on hsa_circ_0069117 and PF4V1. Gain/loss-of-function and rescue assays further indicated that hsa_circ_0069117 could significantly promote the expression of PF4V1 by sponging miR-875-3p, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of OS cells by suppressing ERK1 and AKT.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that hsa_circ_0069117 is an anti-OS molecule that could substantially attenuate cell proliferation and migration of OS, which may provide a novel and reliable molecular target for the treatment of OS patients.
Calcaneal fracture maps and their determinants
Authors: Yu Qingwen , Li Zhirui , Li Jiantao , Yu Qinghua , Zhang Licheng , Liu Daohong , Zhang Mingzhu , Tang Peifu
Published: January 2022

Background

Calcaneal fractures are associated with numerous complications and a poor prognosis with significant long-term quality-of-life issues, regardless of treatment. Therefore, in-depth research into the underlying mechanism of calcaneal fracture is still of great interest, with the goal of improving treatment for patients suffering from this condition. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the distribution of calcaneal fracture lines and their determinants, especially those related to the internal structure of the calcaneus. This goal was achieved by fracture maps created by copying and stacking fracture lines as viewed from six surfaces of the calcaneus.

Methods

A total of 210 consecutive patients with 226 calcaneal fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Fracture lines were copied from a reduced 3D calcaneal fracture model and stacked on calcaneal templates to generate fracture maps. The stacked images of six calcaneus surfaces were also converted into spectrograms with MATLAB to highlight the fracture frequency at specific locations.

Results

There were four concentrated bands of fracture lines and two fracture hot spots on the superior surface. Three dense bands of fractures were observed on the medial surface, and four fracture bands were observed lateral to the calcaneus. Vertical fracture lines dominated the anterior calcaneal fracture map. On the posterior surface, the fracture lines appeared to be centered superiorly. All fracture locations coincided with the interfaces between the trabecular groups.

Conclusions

The fracture maps showed fracture patterns and recurrent fracture zones on all calcaneal surfaces. The shape of the talus and calcaneus and the architecture within the calcaneus, especially the arrangement of the trabeculae, are essential factors for calcaneal fractures.
Dianthi herba: a comprehensive review of its botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology
Authors: Liu Qian , Zang Er-Huan , Wang Cong-Cong , Liu Yu-Chao , Niu Hui , Gao Yuan , Li Min-Hui
Published: January 2022

Dianthi herba (called “Qumai” in Chinese) is the dried aerial part ofDianthus superbusL. andDianthus chinensisL. The species are mainly distributed in the temperate and warm temperate regions in the northern hemisphere, and some regions in Africa and Oceania, as well as South America. However, the distribution pattern of Dianthi herba has not been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical applications of Dianthi herba. Approximately 194 chemical compounds have been identified and isolated from Dianthi herba, the most important being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and volatile oil compounds. These compounds possess antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, inter alia. Further studies should be carried out on Dianthi herba to elucidate more of its active principles and their mechanisms of action.
RNA demethylase ALKBH5 in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential
Authors: Qu Jianwei , Yan Haimeng , Hou Yifan , Cao Wen , Liu Yang , Zhang Enfan , He Jingsong , Cai Zhen
Published: January 2022

RNA demethylase ALKBH5 takes part in the modulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and controls various cell processes. ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation regulates gene expression by affecting multiple events in RNA metabolism, e.g., pre-mRNA processing, mRNA decay and translation. Mounting evidence shows that ALKBH5 plays critical roles in a variety of human malignancies, mostly via post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes or tumor suppressors in an m6A-dependent manner. Meanwhile, increasing non-coding RNAs are recognized as functional targets of ALKBH5 in cancers. Here we reviewed up-to-date findings about the pathological roles of ALKBH5 in cancer, the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts its functions, as well as the underlying mechanism of its dysregulation. We also discussed the therapeutic implications of targeting ALKBH5 in cancer and potential ALKBH5-targeting strategies.
Comparison of Buyang Huanwu granules and Naoxintong capsules in the treatment of stable angina pectoris: rationale and design of a randomized, blinded, multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Wang Yu , Xu Yuhan , Zhang Ling , Huang Shuwei , Dou Liping , Yang Jiehong , Fu Wei , Zhou Peng , Wan Haitong
Published: January 2022

Background

Stable angina pectoris (SAP) currently seriously threatens the health of humans, and mortality is continuously rising. Current treatment strategies mainly include pharmaceutical therapy and revascularization. In China, Buyang Huanwu granules (BYHW) and Naoxintong capsules (NXT) have been used in the treatment of SAP, but it is not clear which agent is better in terms of relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of NXT and BYHW in the treatment of SAP.

Methods

This is a randomized, blinded, parallel controlled, multicentre clinical trial protocol. On the basis of standardized Western medicine treatment, a total of 128 SAP patients will be randomly divided into intervention group 1 (NXT group), intervention group 2 (BYHW group), and a control group (placebo group) at a 2:1:1 ratio. A 2-week run-in period is required prior to randomization, and a 1-week baseline period and 4-week treatment period are included in this study. The primary outcome is the efficacy rate of stable angina symptom score improvement; the secondary outcomes include the effect on electrocardiograms, Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores, and nitroglycerine consumption.

Discussion

This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of NXT and BYHW in the treatment of SAP. The results will provide critical evidence for using Chinese herbal medicines to treat SAP.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR1800015191. Registered on 13 March 2018. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25818. All the registration items can be found within the protocol.
Clinical characteristics and allergen detection of perioperative anaphylaxis: a 12-year retrospective analysis from an anesthesia clinic in China
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Gong Ruisong , Xin Xin , Zhao Jing
Published: January 2022

Background

Anaphylaxis during anesthesia is a rare but often a potentially life-threatening event for patients. Identifying culprit agents responsible for anaphylaxis is of great important for avoiding potential re-exposure to allergens, but it poses great challenge for anesthetists. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the culprits of patients with a history of perioperative anaphylaxis referred to an anesthesia allergy clinic in China, and to evaluate the role of allergy diagnostic tests in clinical practice.

Methods

A total of 145 patients (102 female/43 male) who attended the Anesthesia Allergy Clinic for allergen detection between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics, results of allergy diagnostic tests including skin, and/or basophil activation tests, and the incidence of repeat anaphylaxis after use of recommended alternative anesthetics were obtained.

Results

Of these 145 patients, 109 patients (75.2%, 74 females/35 males) were determined to experience perioperative anaphylaxis. The most common presenting clinical feature was cardiovascular manifestations (n = 63, 57.8%). According to diagnostic work up, the most common causative agents for perioperative anaphylaxis were neuromuscular blocking agents (n = 35, 32.1%). After diagnostic work up, 52 patients underwent repeat anesthesia. None of these patients experienced recurrent anaphylaxis.

Conclusions

This study suggests that neuromuscular blocking agents are the main cause of perioperative anaphylaxis. For patients with perioperative anaphylaxis, allergy diagnostic tests are essential to identify causative agents, and to find suitable alternative drugs for the future planning of subsequent anesthetics.
The soybean cultivar SCEL-1 shows potent anti-photoaging effects in a UV-induced three-dimensional human skin and hairless mouse model
Authors: Lee Jin Woo , Peng Lei , Jegal Hyun , Park No-June , Bong Sim-Kyu , Lee Joon Won , Pyo Jeong Joo , Choi Yongsoo , Kim Su-Nam
Published: January 2022

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the major sources of nutrition and is used as a raw material for food and as a source of feed for livestock. The efficacy of soybeans on skin health includes their ability to reduce wrinkles and pigmentation and increase skin elasticity and moisture content. Black soybean has been consumed worldwide for a long time, especially in Korea, and is used as a medicinal food against several disorders related to the skin. To evaluate whether its effect on the skin is different based on the cultivar of soybeans, three black soybean cultivars collected in Korea, Soybean Core collection Elite Line-1 (SCEL-1), Chung Ja-3 (CJ-3) and Won Heuk (WH), were selected to compare their effect on improving photoaging induced by ultraviolet rays (UVs). We found that SCEL-1 exhibited the best efficacy among the three cultivars tested, and treatment with this soybean extract significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), preventing the degradation of collagen in a 3D human skin model. In addition, SCEL-1 application improved wrinkle- and photoaging-related symptoms, such as epidermal thickening, collagen deficiency and immune cell infiltration, in an animal model established by UV irradiation. Procyanidin B2 and epicatechin isolated from the SCEL-1 cultivar inhibited MMP-1 biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, and these two major components are likely related to more significantly attenuated skin photoaging. Therefore, our results indicated that SCEL-1 exhibits good anti-wrinkle effects compared to the other two black soybean cultivars, suggesting that it represents an excellent agent for anti-photoaging.
“Não sem (o) norte”: a Amazônia colonial na recente seara historiográfica (1990-2020).
Authors: Heinz Arenz Karl
Published: January 2022

O Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará compôs, de 1621 a 1772, junto com o Estado do Brasil, a América Portuguesa. Durante muito tempo, considerada uma colônia periférica e precária, a historiografia recente atenta às especificidades da formação histórica da região, enquanto fronteira estratégica com diversos grupos populacionais em intensa interação e mobilidade, com ênfase nos conhecimentos e agenciamentos dos indígenas.
O conceito de fronteira e a sociedade escravista brasileira: um balanço historiográfico.
Authors: Ferreira Acruche Hevelly
Published: January 2022

: o artigo tem como objetivo fazer um balanço historiográfico a respeito do conceito de fronteira e como este foi empregado para a compreensão da sociedade escravista brasileira. Ao destacarmos as tendências historiográficas mais recentes, intentamos analisar o papel da escravidão nas regiões de fronteira entre as possessões portuguesas e espanholas, sobretudo no extremo sul das Américas.
Emerging Coronavirus Mutant - The Delta Plus: A Review
Authors: Patil Rujuta N. , Choughule Purva M.
Published: January 2022

With emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, research on viruses has come into focus. Understanding the nature and lifecycle of a virus is extremely important in decoding its behaviour with evolution. Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 has helped virus-related adaptation and survival. Certain key mutations have paved way for dominance of virus over the host. These mutations contribute to change in the properties of the virus like enhanced viral entry inside the host cell, virulence, rate of replication, disease transmission, and reduced response to therapeutics and vaccines. Research shows the dominance of substitution mutations in spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This has led to emergence of viral variants. Depending on their features they are further categorized into alternative of interest & alternative of concern. Classifying viral variants helps communicate globally and decide upon common measures to prevent and control the disease. Critically evaluating the key mutations and its effect on properties exhibited by virus will aid in understanding the viral pathogenicity and ultimately the rate of patient morbidity and mortality. There has been change in the signs and symptoms with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 & its upcoming strains. Both systemic and oral manifestations faced a shift in clinical presentation to some extent. With emerging variant of SARS-CoV-2 R0/ rate of transmission of virus and its virulence are exponentially increasing. As dental surgeon are at high risk, precautionary measures should be taken and sterilization protocol has to be strictly followed.
Synthesis and characterization of novel ssDNA X-aptamers targeting Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Authors: Ayhan-Sahin Burcu , Apaydın Zeynep-Elif , Obakan-Yerlikaya Pınar , Arisan Elif-Damla , Coker-Gurkan Ajda
Published: January 2022

Background

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), 44 amino acids containing hypothalamic hormone, retains the biological activity by its first 29 amino acids. GHRH (NH2 1–29) peptide antagonists inhibit the growth of prostate, breast, ovarian, renal, gastric, pancreatic cancerin vitroandin vivo. Aptamers, single-strand RNA, or DNA oligonucleotides are capable of binding to target molecules with high affinity. Our aim in this study is to synthesize and select X-aptamers against both GHRH NH2 (1–29) and GHRH NH2 (1–44) and demonstrate synthesized aptamers’ target binding activity as well as serum stability.

Methods and results

Aptamers against GHRH NH2 (1–44) and NH2 (1–29) peptides were synthesized, and binding affinity (Kd) of 24 putative X-aptamers was determined by the dot-blot method, co-immunofluorescence staining and, SPR analysis. The serum stability of TKY.T1.08, TKY1.T1.13, TKY.T2.08, TKY.T2.09 X-aptamers was 90–120 h, respectively. The dose-dependent binding of TKY1.T1.13, TKY.T2.08, TKY.T2.09 X-aptamers on GHRHR in MIA PaCa-2 was approved by co-IF assay results. Moreover, SPR analysis indicated the Kd(4.75, 1.21, and 4.0 nM) levels of TKY2.T1.13, TKY.T2.08, TKY.T2.09 putative X-aptamers, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results illustrate the synthesis of 24 putative X-aptamers against both GHRH NH2 (1–44) and NH2 (1–29) peptides and TKY1.T1.13, TKY.T2.08, TKY.T2.09 X-aptamers have high serum stability, high target binding potential with low Kdlevels.
Effects of antibiotic treatment on microbiota, viral transmission and viral pathogenesis of MoMuLV ts1 infected BALB/c mice
Authors: Okonta Henry , Cheng Xi , Chakravarti Ritu , Duggan Joan
Published: January 2022

The effects of normal and altered intestinal microbiota on murine retroviral transmission via the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are diverse. The role of orally administered antibiotic treatment (ABX) on viral transmission, GIT microbial dysbiosis and subsequent pathogenesis of Moloney Murine Leukemia virus–temperature sensitive 1 (ts1) on BALB/c mice were studied. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups:

ABXts1—Treatment/Infection;

ABX—Treatment/No infection;

ts1—No treatment/Infection;

Ctrl (control)—No treatment/No infection.

ABXts1 and ABX groups showed a significant phylogenetic shift (ANOSIM p-value = 0.001) in alpha and beta diversity comparisons for microbial community composition compared to Ctrl group. Mice in the ABXts1 and ABX groups showed megacolon compared to ts1 and Ctrl groups; ABXts1 and ts1 groups showed hepatosplenomegaly, thymus enlargement, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy compared to ABX and Ctrl groups. Ctrl group had no abnormal manifestations. ABX treatment and ts1 infection uniquely affect microbial community when compared to control: ABXts1 and ABX groups significantly reduce microbiome diversity by over 80% and ts1 group by over 30%. ABXts1 and ts1 groups’ viral load and clinical manifestations of infection were comparable; antibiotic treatment did not notably affect ts1 infection. Transmission and pathophysiology of ts1 infection were not significantly altered by the microbial composition of the GI tract, but ts1 viral infection did result in microbial dysbiosis independent of antibiotic treatment.
BIOME-Preserve: A novel storage and transport medium for preserving anaerobic microbiota samples for culture recovery
Authors: Hyde Embriette R. , Lozano Hiram , Cox Steven
Published: January 2022

Sequencing-based protocols for studying the human microbiome have unearthed a wealth of information about the relationship between the microbiome and human health. But these microbes cannot be leveraged as therapeutic targets without culture-based studies to phenotype species of interest and to establish culture collections for use in animal models. Traditional sample collection protocols are focused on preserving nucleic acids and metabolites and are largely inappropriate for preserving sensitive anaerobic bacteria for later culture recovery. Here we introduce a novel microbiome preservation kit (BIOME-Preserve) that facilitates recovery of anaerobic bacteria from human stool. Using a combination of culture recovery and shallow whole-genome shotgun sequencing, we characterized the anaerobes cultured from fresh human stool and from human stool held at room temperature in BIOME-Preserve for up to 120 hours. We recovered several species of interest to microbiome researchers, including Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Blautia spp., Eubacterium halii (now Anaerobutyricum hallii), Akkermansia muciniphila, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. We also demonstrated that freezing at -80°C did not adversely affect our ability to culture organisms from BIOME-Preserve, suggesting that it is appropriate both as a transport medium and as a medium for longer-term ultra-cold storage. Together, our results suggest BIOME-Preserve is practical for the collection, transport, and culture of anaerobic bacteria from human samples and can help enable researchers to better understand the link between the microbiome and human health and how to leverage that link through novel microbiome-based therapeutics.
“People say men don’t talk, well that’s bullshit”: A focus group study exploring challenges and opportunities for men’s mental health promotion
Authors: Sharp Paul , Bottorff Joan L. , Rice Simon , Oliffe John L. , Schulenkorf Nico , Impellizzeri Franco , Caperchione Cristina M.
Published: January 2022

Men’s mental health promotion presents unique challenges including gender-related barriers and stigmas, which demand novel approaches to prevention, treatment, and management. The aim of this study was to explore men’s perceptions of mental health and preferences for mental health promotion. Seven focus groups (N = 59) were conducted in Sydney, Australia, including 5 groups of men (M = 50.65, SD = 13.75 years) and 2 groups of stakeholders who had frontline experience working with men (e.g., men’s groups, health clubs, mental health advocates). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and interpreted using a gender relations approach to explore connections between gender roles, relations and identities, and men’s mental health. Three overarching themes were identified; (1) Roles, identities, and the conceptualisation and concealment of mental health challenges, revealing challenges to mental health promotion related to perceptions of men’s restrictive emotionality and emotional awareness as well as difficulties with conceptualising the internalised experiences of mental health, (2) Constraining social contexts of stigma and gender relations, identifying how social context and the policing of gender roles often obscured opportunities for discussing mental health and help-seeking behaviour, (3) Anchoring mental health promotion to acceptable lifestyle practices, highlighting potential remedies included leveraging men’s social practices related to reciprocity, normalising mental health promotion relative to other behaviours, and embedding mental health promotion within acceptable masculine practices. Discussed are directions for men’s community-based mental health promotion and opportunities for how masculinities may be negotiated and expanded to embody mental health promoting values.
Discussion of an environmental depletion assessment method–A case study in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Xia Fuqiang , Yang Degang , Chen Yaning
Published: January 2022

Environmental process assessment based on the environmental depletion index (EDI) is an important part of the long-term monitoring and early warning mechanism of China’s resources and environmental carrying capacity. The EDI aims to realize the unified environmental impact assessment of economic and environmental systems through the ratio relationship between economic growth and pollutant emission growth. However, in terms of pollutant emissions, the EDI ignores the environmental capacity (EC), which means that the effectiveness and objectivity of environmental impact assessment must be verified. In this study, with Xinjiang as an example and based on the EDI, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxide (NOx), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were selected for calculation and assessment both without and with consideration of EC and for discussion of the suitability of the environmental depletion method for resources and environmental carrying capacity. The results indicated that ① the percentages of SO2, NOx, COD, NH3-N and CEDI in counties and cities that tend to be poor and lack EC were 32.98%, 29.79%, 30.85%, 28.72% and 38.30%, respectively, while the percentages in counties and cities with EC were 10.64%, 3.19%, 13.83%, 8.51% and 10.64%, respectively. ② When EC was included, the number of counties and cities where changes in SO2, NOx, COD, NH3-N and CEDI tended to be “poor → good” were 23, 26, 17, 21 and 28, respectively, and the number of counties and cities where such changes tended to be “good → poor” were 2, 1, 1, 2 and 2, respectively. ③ EC inclusion corrected overestimated or underestimated EDI results, making the evaluation results more objective and reasonable. This understanding provides a scientific reference for the coordinated development of the regional economy and environment in Xinjiang and worldwide.
Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces bacteriophages and Streptomyces strains encoding biosynthetic arsenals
Authors: Montaño Elizabeth T. , Nideffer Jason F. , Brumage Lauren , Erb Marcella , Busch Julia , Fernandez Lynley , Derman Alan I. , Davis John Paul , Estrada Elena , Fu Sharon , Le Danielle , Vuppala Aishwarya , Tran Cassidy , Luterstein Elaine , Lakkaraju Shivani , Panchagnula Sriya , Ren Caroline , Doan Jennifer , Tran Sharon , Soriano Jamielyn , Fujita Yuya , Gutala Pranathi , Fujii Quinn , Lee Minda , Bui Anthony , Villarreal Carleen , Shing Samuel R. , Kim Sean , Freeman Danielle , Racha Vipula , Ho Alicia , Kumar Prianka , Falah Kian , Dawson Thomas , Enustun Eray , Prichard Amy , Gomez Ana , Khanna Kanika , Wanamaker Shelly A. , Pogliano Kit , Pogliano Joe
Published: January 2022

The threat to public health posed by drug-resistant bacteria is rapidly increasing, as some of healthcare’s most potent antibiotics are becoming obsolete. Approximately two-thirds of the world’s antibiotics are derived from natural products produced by Streptomyces encoded biosynthetic gene clusters. Thus, to identify novel gene clusters, we sequenced the genomes of four bioactive Streptomyces strains isolated from the soil in San Diego County and used Bacterial Cytological Profiling adapted for agar plate culturing in order to examine the mechanisms of bacterial inhibition exhibited by these strains. In the four strains, we identified 104 biosynthetic gene clusters. Some of these clusters were predicted to produce previously studied antibiotics; however, the known mechanisms of these molecules could not fully account for the antibacterial activity exhibited by the strains, suggesting that novel clusters might encode antibiotics. When assessed for their ability to inhibit the growth of clinically isolated pathogens, three Streptomyces strains demonstrated activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, due to the utility of bacteriophages for genetically manipulating bacterial strains via transduction, we also isolated four new phages (BartholomewSD, IceWarrior, Shawty, and TrvxScott) against S. platensis. A genomic analysis of our phages revealed nearly 200 uncharacterized proteins, including a new site-specific serine integrase that could prove to be a useful genetic tool. Sequence analysis of the Streptomyces strains identified CRISPR-Cas systems and specific spacer sequences that allowed us to predict phage host ranges. Ultimately, this study identified Streptomyces strains with the potential to produce novel chemical matter as well as integrase-encoding phages that could potentially be used to manipulate these strains.
The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on the lived experiences of people living in Thailand, Malaysia, Italy and the United Kingdom: A cross-country qualitative study
Authors: Schneiders Mira L. , Naemiratch Bhensri , Cheah Phaik Kin , Cuman Giulia , Poomchaichote Tassawan , Ruangkajorn Supanat , Stoppa Silvia , Osterrieder Anne , Cheah Phee-Kheng , Ongkili Darlene , Pan-ngum Wirichada , Mackworth-Young Constance R. S. , Cheah Phaik Yeong
Published: January 2022

This qualitative study explores the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including social distancing, travel restrictions and quarantine, on lived experiences during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand (TH), Malaysia (MY), Italy (IT) and the United Kingdom (UK). A total of 86 interviews (TH: n = 28; MY: n = 18; IT: n = 20; UK: n = 20) were conducted with members of the public, including healthcare workers (n = 13). Participants across countries held strong views on government imposed NPIs, with many feeling measures lacked clarity. Most participants reported primarily negative impacts of NPIs on their lives, including through separation, isolation and grief over missed milestones; work-related challenges and income loss; and poor mental health and wellbeing. Nonetheless, many also experienced inadvertent positive consequences, including more time at home to focus on what they most valued in life; a greater sense of connectedness; and benefits to working life. Commonly employed coping strategies focused on financial coping (e.g. reducing spending); psycho-emotional coping (e.g. engaging in spiritual practices); social coping and connectedness (e.g., maintaining relationships remotely); reducing and mitigating risks (e.g., changing food shopping routines); and limiting exposure to the news (e.g., checking news only occasionally). Importantly, the extent to which participants’ lived experiences were positive or negative, and their ability to cope was underpinned by individual, social and economic factors, with the analysis indicating some salient differences across countries and participants. In order to mitigate negative and unequal impacts of NPIs, COVID-19 policies will benefit from paying closer attention to the social, cultural and psychological—not just biological—vulnerabilities to, and consequences of public health measures.
Transforming Palmyra Atoll to native-tree dominance will increase net carbon storage and reduce dissolved organic carbon reef runoff
Authors: Longley-Wood Kate , Engels Mary , Lafferty Kevin D. , McLaughlin John P. , Wegmann Alex
Published: January 2022

Native forests on tropical islands have been displaced by non-native species, leading to calls for their transformation. Simultaneously, there is increasing recognition that tropical forests can help sequester carbon that would otherwise enter the atmosphere. However, it is unclear if native forests sequester more or less carbon than human-altered landscapes. At Palmyra Atoll, efforts are underway to transform the rainforest composition from coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) dominated to native mixed-species. To better understand how this landscape-level change will alter the atoll’s carbon dynamics, we used field sampling, remote sensing, and parameter estimates from the literature to model the total carbon accumulation potential of Palmyra’s forest before and after transformation. The model predicted that replacing theC.nuciferaplantation with native species would reduce aboveground biomass from 692.6 to 433.3 Mg C. However, expansion of the nativePisonia grandisandHeliotropium foertherianumforest community projected an increase in soil carbon to at least 13,590.8 Mg C, thereby increasing the atoll’s overall terrestrial carbon storage potential by 11.6%. Nearshore sites adjacent toC.nuciferacanopy had a higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (110.0 μMC) than sites adjacent to native forest (81.5 μMC), suggesting that, in conjunction with an increase in terrestrial carbon storage, replacingC.nuciferawith native forest will reduce the DOC exported from the forest into in nearshore marine habitats. Lower DOC levels have potential benefits for corals and coral dependent communities. For tropical islands like Palmyra, reverting fromC.nuciferadominance to native tree dominance could buffer projected climate change impacts by increasing carbon storage and reducing coral disease.
“Post-GDM support would be really good for mothers”: A qualitative interview study exploring how to support a healthy diet and physical activity after gestational diabetes
Authors: Dennison Rebecca A. , Griffin Simon J. , Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Fox Rachel A. , Aiken Catherine E. , Meek Claire L.
Published: January 2022

Background

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They are therefore recommended to follow a healthy diet and be physically active in order to reduce that risk. However, achieving and maintaining these behaviours in the postpartum period is challenging. This study sought to explore women’s views on suggested practical approaches to achieve and maintain a healthy diet and physical activity to reduce T2DM risk.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with 20 participants in Cambridgeshire, UK were conducted at three to 48 months after GDM. The participants’ current diet and physical activity, intentions for any changes, and views on potential interventions to help manage T2DM risk through these behaviours were discussed. Framework analysis was used to analyse the transcripts. The interview schedule, suggested interventions, and thematic framework were based on a recent systematic review.

Results

Most of the participants wanted to eat more healthily and be more active. A third of the participants considered that postpartum support for these behaviours would be transformative, a third thought it would be beneficial, and a third did not want additional support. The majority agreed that more information about the impact of diet and physical activity on diabetes risk, support to exercise with others, and advice about eating healthily, exercising with a busy schedule, monitoring progress and sustaining changes would facilitate a healthy diet and physical activity. Four other suggested interventions received mixed responses. It would be acceptable for this support to be delivered throughout pregnancy and postpartum through a range of formats. Clinicians were seen to have important roles in giving or signposting to support.

Conclusions

Many women would appreciate more support to reduce their T2DM risk after GDM and believe that a variety of interventions to integrate changes into their daily lives would help them to sustain healthier lifestyles.
The use of art therapy videos for children and teenagers living with cancer during COVID-19
Authors: Griffin Caryn
Published: January 2022

This article explores a practitioner’s response to the limits on face-to-face art therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the creation of pre-recorded art therapy videos for clients. This work took place at Challenge, a not-for-profit charity located in Melbourne, Australia, that supports children and teenagers living with cancer. A description of scripting, filming and editing processes is presented, including frameworks and methods that promoted sensory enrichment, curiosity and creative expression through the videos. The strengths and limitations of pre-recorded art therapy videos are discussed to encourage broader conversations on their use in the field.
MIT-E3: modelo constitutivo para argilas. Formulação, potencialidades e limitações
Authors: Oliveira Paulo
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo apresenta-se a formulação do modelo constitutivo MIT-E3, sendo um dos modelos mais evoluídos para a simulação do comportamento de argilas normalmente consolidadas e moderadamente sobreconsolidadas. São apresentadas as principais características do modelo e a sua formulação matemática, a qual é subdividida em termos de comportamento normalmente consolidado e sobreconsolidado. 

As capacidades e limitações do modelo são ilustradas através da simulação de ensaios laboratoriais: ensaio de descarga em Ko, ensaio unidimensional de deformação controlada (CRS), ensaios triaxiais não drenados e ensaios de corte simples não drenados. 

Finalmente, o modelo é aplicado na simulação de um aterro experimental realizado sobre um depósito constituído por argila "Boston Blue Clay", estabelecendo-se o confronto com o comportamento observado "in situ" e com uma análise numérica efectuada com o modelo Cam Clay Modificado (CCM), em termos da evolução temporal dos assentamentos, das deformações laterais e dos acréscimos das pressões de água nos poros. Também se comparam os resultados provenientes de ambas as análises numéricas (CCM e MIT-E3) em termos da extensão das zonas em cedência, das isolinhas dos acréscimos das tensões efectivas verticais e horizontais, das isolinhas dos acréscimos das pressões intersticiais e das direcções das tensões principais.
Um equipamento para realização de ensaios laboratoriais de abrasão de geossintéticos
Authors: Pinto André , Lopes M. Lurdes
Published: January 2022

Neste trabalho descreve-se um equipamento de ensaio laboratorial de abrasão de geossintéticos, desenvolvido de acordo a EN ISO 13427 (1998): "Geotextiles and geotextile-related products – Abrasion damage simulation", norma que actualmente tem de ser seguida nos países pertencentes ao CEN (como é o caso de Portugal) para avaliar a abrasão de geossintéticos. De seguida refere-se o material ensaiado e os procedimen tos de ensaios de tracção-elongação e de abrasão. Os resultados dos ensaios são apresentados e analisados. Fi nalmente, são retiradas conclusões relativas á eficácia do equipamento desenvolvido na simulação da abrasão induzida aos geossintéticos em obras ferroviárias.
Probabilidade condicional bayesiana na análise de movimentos de massa
Authors: Araújo Paulo , Riedel Paulina
Published: January 2022

Através de técnica denominada aproximação bayesiana, este trabalho apresenta uma modelagem sobre parâmetros considerados importantes na análise de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa, especifica mente escorregamentos translacionais e corridas de massa a eles associados, com aplicação no Município de São Sebastião, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A modelagem bayesiana é baseada em dados, ou seja, os parâme tros utilizados na análise são estimados através da avaliação dos relacionamentos espaciais entre ocorrências e condicionantes, aqui considerados como evidências. Foi utilizada a modelagem Pesos de Evidência (“Weights of evidence”), que possibilitou a combinação de várias evidências do processo, representadas por mapas, através de formulação log-linear das regras de Bayes. Um preceito importante do método é a exigência de independência condicional entre as evidências, medida através dos testes estatísticos do qui-quadrado e do teste global. O mapa final de suscetibilidade produzido mostra a probabilidade de ocorrência dos processos considerados, bem como o erro associado.
Colunas de brita em aterros sobre solos moles. Análise pelo método dos elementos finitos
Authors: Domingues Tiago , Borges José , Silva Cardoso António
Published: January 2022

O comportamento de um aterro sobre solos argilosos moles reforçados com colunas de brita é analisado usando um modelo numérico baseado no método dos elementos finitos. Utiliza-se o conceito de cé - lu la unitária, que consiste no estudo isolado de uma coluna e do respectivo solo envolvente, com com por ta - men to axissimétrico. O modelo numérico incorpora a teoria multidimensional de consolidação de Biot (formulação acoplada das equações equilíbrio e de escoamento) com relações constitutivas simuladas pelo modelo de estados críticos p-q-θ. É dada especial atenção à análise, durante e após a execução do aterro, dos as senta - mentos, dos deslocamentos horizontais, dos excessos de pressão neutra, do factor de concentração de tensões e do factor de redução de assentamentos.
Relato da experiência Portuguesa em ensaios de carga em estacas. Parte I: acções verticais
Authors: Viana da Fonseca António
Published: January 2022

No âmbito do Workshop sobre Campos Experimentais de Fundações Indirectas incluído no XIII COBRAMSEG, III CLBG e IV SBMR, cujos enunciados objectivos eram os de consolidar e trocar expe riên - cias entre investigadores e profissionais de engenharia geotécnica portugueses e brasileiros, decidiu-se pre via - men te elaborar um relato geral sobre as experiências nacionais com estes estudos. O levantamento que aqui se expressa, da responsabilidade do autor, foi o mais exaustivo possível e decorreu de diversos apelos à Comu - ni dade Geotécnica Portuguesa, respeitando exclusivamente ao comportamento de fundações profundas, tanto para carregamentos verticais, como para horizontais. O resultado é fruto do desenvolvimento nos últimos anos de inúmeros projectos de investigação, muitos deles liderados por grupos universitários, com o apoio de em - pre sas de fundações, incluindo muitas vezes boas campanhas de caracterização dos maciços envolvidos e en - saios de protótipos de estacas (em muitos casos bem instrumentadas), sujeitas a carregamentos verticais e (ou) ho rizontais, que permitiram identificar com rigor parâmetros específicos de cálculo. Muitos dos relevantes em pre endimentos de grandes infraestruturas, que marcaram recentemente a Engenharia Portuguesa, e o novo enquadramento que os Eurocódigos Estruturais deram aos projectos e execução das estruturas, marcaram a consagração dos ensaios de carga como aferidores dos critérios de cálculo. Fazem-se considerações sobre estes novos critérios de dimensionamento de estacas, antes de se descrever o conjunto de ensaios que os procuraram cumprir. Muitos destes resultados foram já publicados de forma diversa, mas a sua divulgação é restrita no cír - cu lo dos profissionais de engenharia, pelo que se procurou identificar essas fontes.
Relato da experiência Portuguesa em ensaios de carga em estacas. Parte II: acções horizontais
Authors: Santos Jaime
Published: January 2022

Este relato descreve os trabalhos de investigação desenvolvidos em Portugal nas duas últimas décadas acerca do comportamento de estacas sob acções horizontais estáticas no topo. Apresenta-se uma breve descrição dos campos experimentais associados aos estudos de investigação, descrevem-se os métodos de interpretação dos resultados dos ensaios e discutem-se os métodos de modelação numérica. Apresenta-se, no final, uma síntese dos ensinamentos recolhidos e os avanços atingidos no conhecimento científico sobre este tema.
Análise estatística multivariada de alterações na rede de drenagem de microbacias hidrográficas
Authors: Collares Eduardo , Rodrigues José , Ribeiro Rogério
Published: January 2022

A rede de drenagem se constitui em importante indicador de alterações ocorridas na composição da paisagem de bacias hidrográficas, ou por mudanças na sua estruturação e forma ou então por ganho ou perda de canais. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as alterações ocorridas na rede de drenagem de micro ba - cias hidrográficas, com base em análise morfométrica temporal, correspondente a um período de 23 anos. A me todologia envolve técnicas de geoprocessamento, para a obtenção das variáveis morfométricas e análise esta tística multivariada. A proposta foi aplicada na bacia hidrográfica do rio Capivari e os resultados com pro - vam que ocorreram alterações significativas na composição da rede de drenagem no período de análise. As va - riá veis morfométricas consideradas mais indicadas para a avaliação das alterações são a Densidade de Dre na - gem e Densidade Hidrográfica.
Ensaio de carga dinâmico – Um caso de estudo sobre estacas moldadas
Authors: Pereira José , Santos Jaime , Correia António , Simões Teresa
Published: January 2022

Neste trabalho descrevem-se os fundamentos teóricos baseados na equação de onda para inter - pre tação do ensaio de carga dinâmico em estacas. Descreve-se, ainda, a formulação numérica para a resolução do problema de equilíbrio dinâmico. Analisa-se um caso de estudo sobre estacas moldadas, em que se com pa - ram os resultados dos ensaios de carga dinâmicos com os obtidos no ensaio de carga estático.
Mapeamento geotécnico para gestão municipal
Authors: Abreu Ana , Filho Oswaldo
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da aplicação de um método misto de mapeamento geotécnico em Analândia, SP (Brasil). Este método alia as características consideradas positivas em três métodos de ma - pea mento geotécnico utilizados no país, a saber: o método da EESC/USP, o método do IPT e o Detalhamento Progressivo, utilizado na UNESP-Rio Claro. Após a conclusão do mapeamento, as unidades geológico-geo - téc nicas tiveram sua capacidade de uso avaliada e foram verificados os conflitos de uso, considerando-se os usos do solo atuais. Como resultado, foi possível propor ações de planejamento para a área rural e para a área ur bana do município. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico realizado através da aplicação deste método permitiu a reunião dos dados geológico-geotécnicos necessários à elaboração do Plano Diretor, otimizando a aplicação dos recursos disponíveis para tal fim.
Aterros sobre solos moles reforçados com colunas de jet grouting encabeçadas por geossintético
Authors: Marques Daniela , Borges José
Published: January 2022

Usando um modelo numérico baseado no método dos elementos finitos, é analisado o com por - ta mento de um aterro sobre solos moles reforçados com colunas de jet grouting encabeçadas por geossintético fun cionando como membrana. Utiliza-se o conceito de célula unitária, que consiste numa coluna de jet grou - ting e no solo mole envolvente, no geossintético e no aterro da sua área de influência, com comportamento axis simétrico confinado. O modelo numérico incorpora a teoria multidimensional de consolidação de Biot (formulação acoplada das equações de equilíbrio e de escoamento) com relações constitutivas simuladas pelo modelo de estados críticos p-q-θ. É dada especial atenção à análise, durante e após a execução do aterro, dos as sentamentos, dos excessos de pressão neutra, das tensões efectivas, dos níveis de tensão, das tracções no geos sintético, do efeito de arco, do coeficiente de redução de assentamentos, do factor de concentração de ten - sões e do coeficiente de eficácia do sistema de reforço.
Resistência ao cisalhamento de interface entre geossintéticos de reforço e solo de cobertura de aterros sanitários
Authors: Pitanga Heraldo , Gourc Jean-Pierre , Vilar Orencio
Published: January 2022

Camadas de cobertura de aterros sanitários contemplam sistemas de revestimento composto cons - tituídos por materiais granulares e geossintéticos cujas interfaces podem estar suscetíveis ao des li za men to. Com o propósito de redistribuir os esforços tangenciais atuantes no sistema, projetistas têm recomendado o em pre go de geossintéticos de alta resistência à tração acima da interface mais fraca. Além da redistribuição desses es - for ços, é necessário que tais geossintéticos sejam suficientemente resistentes para impedir o deslizamento do solo de cobertura ao longo da interface. Esse artigo apresenta um estudo experimental visando aferir a me lho - ria potencial proporcionada por dois novos geossintéticos de reforço à resistência ao cisalhamento de in ter fa - ces com solo compactado. Um geotêxtil não-tecido liso, não reforçado, foi igualmente testado para fins com - pa rativos. Para reproduzir as baixas tensões confinantes características de sistemas de cobertura, foi utilizado o equipamento plano inclinado modificado.
Alguns resultados de ensaios de fluência e rotura em fluência à tracção de geossintéticos
Authors: Paula António , Pinho-Lopes Margarida , Lopes Maria
Published: January 2022

Descreve-se um equipamento desenvolvido para a realização de ensaios laboratoriais de fluência e de rotura em fluência à tracção de geossintéticos. Estes ensaios permitem estudar o comportamento me câ ni - co em tracção de longo prazo dos geossintéticos. Começa-se por apresentar os conceitos de fluência e de rotura em fluência, em que se baseia a definição dos procedimentos de ensaio. É feita a referência normativa cor - respon dente. Para além do equipamento desenvolvido, são descritas as metodologias de ensaio e são apre sen - ta dos alguns resultados iniciais obtidos através deste ensaio. A campanha de ensaios incluiu dois geos sin té ti - cos com estruturas diferentes. São apresentados os valores para os coeficientes de segurança parciais deter mi - na dos a partir dos resultados dos ensaios. Referem-se ainda as principais conclusões deste estudo.