bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kebijakan Prinsip Governance dan Aktor Melalui Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dalam Perencanaan Kota
Authors: Sutiyoso Bambang Utoyo
Published: April 2021

Urban spatial planning as a part of spatial planning activities actually is a form of public policy formulation related with urban space management. Actions done by the policy actor in the formulation process of public policy will be extremely determined by the perspectives used. Governance as the main perspective in public administration and management demands the application of principles which attributed to it in order to achieve good governance. Based on that, the problem of the research is: how is the priority of the governance principles related to the actor/agent involved in urban planning? The purposes of the research are to know, to describe, and to analyze the priority of governance principles related to the actor/agent involved in urban planning. The type of the research, basically, is a descriptive research using the quantitative model analysis, that is Analythical Hierarchy Process. Data sources are taken from the research respondents which are consisting of municipal government elements; civil society and private (business) sector.
The result shows that the priorities of governance principles application in urban planning based on the involved actor/agent are:  first: participation (3.141); second: responsive (3.021); third : transparancy (3.009); and fourth : accountability (2.867), with the actors value: civil society (1.168); municipal government (1.096); and business (private) sector by the value of (0.736) respectively. Civil society participation is done to the whole phases of urban planning in the form of providing data and information, opinion and aspiration, as well as objection and rebuttal toward the concept of city territorial development.  Meanwhile, practically, the research recommends the need of regulation toward the civil society participation in urban planning in local nature to find the best practice; the application of governance principles should become the mindset of public officer and the planner in spatial planning.
Implementasi Kebijakan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Perkotaan (Studi Pengembangan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara)
Authors: Wijayanto Hendra , Hidayati Ratih Kurnia
Published: April 2021

Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 mengamanatkan bahwa di setiap kota harus memiliki Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) minimal sebesar 30%, dimana sebesar 20% RTH publik dan 10% RTH privat. Persentase luas RTH Jakarta Utara yang dimiliki saat ini baru sebesar 5% dari luasan wilayahnya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai “Implementasi Kebijakan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah dalam Penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan RTRW dalam penyediaanruang terbuka hijau di Jakarta Utara dan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan dalam penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi.Teknik analisa data interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Uji validitas data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan RTRW dalam penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara masih belum optimal dan baru terealisasi sebesar 10%, dikarenakan penggunaan lahan yang tersedia untuk RTH tidak difungsikan sebagaimana peruntukannya dan adanya beberapa kendala yang dihadapi seperti lemahnya pengawasan, harga tanah yang mahal, peningkatan lahan terbangun dan kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Implementasi,  Kebijakan, Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah, Ruang Terbuka Hijau
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN RETRIBUSI PELAYANAN PEMAKAMAN DAN PENGABUAN MAYAT DI KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Fauziah Puji , Nur Tuah , Mulyadi Andi
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan retribusi pelayanan pemakaman dan pengabuan mayat di Kota Sukabumi yang diatur dalam Peraturan Daerah Kota Sukabumi Nomor 5 Tahun 2012. Peneliti menggunakan teori Edward III yang memiliki 4 dimensi. Dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut ditemukan berbagai permasalahan, yaitu kurangnya proses sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, sumber daya yang belum memadai, adanya petugas yang memberlakukan tarif tidak sesuai dengan peraturan daerah, dan belum optimalnya SOP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Untuk menentukan informan, peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah 10 informan. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Dalam menguji keabsahan data penelitian menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan retribusi pelayanan pemakaman dan pengabuan mayat belum maksimal karena masih kurangya sosialisasi secara langsung kepada masyarakat, kurangnya sumber daya manusia dan belum memadainya fasilitas, adanya pemberlakuan tarif yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan daerah, SOP yang belum berjalan secara optimal.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN PROGRAM E-KELURAHAN DI KELURAHAN SILAING BAWAH KOTA PADANG PANJANG
Authors: Tami Fristiza Dwi , Putri Nora Eka
Published: April 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan ini beranjak dari adanya permasalahan dalam penerapan program e-kelurahan, dimana dalam penerapannya masih banyak masyarakat yang belum memanfaatkan program e-kelurahan untuk mengurus keperluan administrasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas penerapan program e-kelurahan di Kelurahan Silaing Bawah Kota Padang Panjang dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, apa saja kendala yang dihadapi dalam penerapan program e-kelurahan di Kelurahan Silaing Bawah Kota Padang Panjang, serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi data. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, efektivitas penerapan progam e-kelurahan di Kelurahan Silaing Bawah Kota Padang Panjang berdasarkan indikator pemahaman program, tepat sasaran, tepat waktu, tercapainya tujuan, dan perubahan nyata sudah berjalan dengan baik, namun belum sepenuhnya efektif. Hal ini dilihat dari kurangnya sosialisasi yang dilakukan kepada pegawai kantor kelurahan maupun kepada masyarakat itu sendiri serta kurangnya pemanfaatan program e-kelurahan oleh masyarakat. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi yaitu kurangnya pengaplikasian program oleh pegawai kantor serta kurangnya kepuasan masyarakat terhadap program. Dan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, Pemerintah akan melakukan sosialisasi lebih lanjut lagi kepada pegawai kantor maupun masyarakat Kelurahan Silaing Bawah Kota Padang Panjang.
KINERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR LURAH SUMAHILANG KECAMATAN PEKANBARU KOTA, KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Prihatin Prihatin , Nurpeni Nurpeni , Sari Fara Merian
Published: April 2021

Penelitian dengan judul Kineja Pegawai Kantor Kelurahan Sumahilang Kecamatan Pekanbaru Kota, Kota Pekanbaru di laksanakan lebih kurang lima bulan, dimana fenomena yang terjadi diantaranya kemampuan operator yang belum maksimal dan fasilitas kerja yang kurang mendukung, konsep teori dalam dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada konsep Kuth Davis dalam mangkunegara dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Adapun jenis penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan deskriptif Kualitatif
A combination of terrestrial laser-scanning point clouds and the thrust network analysis approach for structural modelling of masonry vaults
Authors: D'Urso Maria Grazia , Manzari Valerio , Marana Barbara
Published: April 2021

Terrestrial laser-scanning (TLS) is well suited to surveying the geometry of monumental complexes, often realised with highly irregular materials and forms. This paper addresses various issues related to the acquisition of point clouds via TLS and their elaboration aimed at developing structural models of masonry vaults. This structural system, which exists in numerous artifacts and historical buildings, has the advantages of good static and functional behaviour, reduced weight, good requisites of insulation, and aesthetic quality. Specifically, using TLS, we create a geometric model of the ancient masonry church, S. Maria della Libera, in Aquino, largely characterised by naves featuring cross vaults and previously used as a case study in the paper entitled ‘Terrestrial laser-scanning point-clouds for modeling masonry vaults’, presented at the 2019 IMEKO TC-4 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. The results of the TLS survey are used as input for a structural analysis based on the thrust network analysis. This recent methodology is used for modelling masonry vaults as a discrete network of forces in equilibrium with gravitational loads. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is both effective and robust in terms of assessing not only the safety conditions of existing masonry vaults, the actual geometry of which significantly influences the safety level, but also to design new ones.
Improvement of ENEA Laser Induced Fluorescence prototypes: an intercalibration between an hyperspectral and a multispectral scanning system
Authors: Caso Maria Federica , Caneve Luisa , Spizzichino Valeria
Published: April 2021

Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) is a well-recognized spectroscopic technique in cultural heritage for non-destructive surface chemical
analysis. It is particularly suitable for in situ analysis on delicate targets as artworks, because it does not need any sample preparation
nor contact, working remotely also where only optical access is available. Recently ENEA has developed two LIF prototypes with
multispectral (Forlab) and hyperspectral (Lifart) scanning systems, that return different typologies of results, making them necessary
and dependent each other. In fact, Forlab permits by its motorized optics the rapid acquisition of fluorescence maps and images of large
surfaces in specific spectral wavelengths, while Lifart returns complete fluorescence spectra, giving a complete spectral information of
an object. In this paper the intercalibration of two systems is reported, with the data analysis of calibration samples and a software to
automatically correct imaging data, that take into account Forlab filters bandpasses and optical efficiencies, in order to make these two
configurations as much as possible comparable. The new correcting algorithm was also tested on LIF measurements carried out on an
Egyptian casket and sarcophagus, obtaining higher quality fluorescence images.
Fringe projection profilometry for recovering 2.5D shape of ancient coins
Authors: Schirripa Spagnolo Giuseppe , Cozzella Lorenzo , Leccese Fabio
Published: April 2021

The relief of form is undoubtedly one of the most topical topics in the field of cultural heritage. Physical access to historic and artistic manufactures can be limited by a lot of factors. For example, the access to the collection of the ancient coins is difficult, especially for students. Indeed, for coins digital archive of high-quality three-dimensional model and remote fruition is of great interest. The use of projected fringes for the measurement of surface profile is a well-developed technique. In this paper, we present a surface profile measurement system for small objects of cultural heritage where it is important not only to detect the shape with good accuracy but also to capture and archive the signs due to ageing. The illustrated equipment is simple, reliable, and cheap. Furthermore, some examples of acquisitions are presented to demonstrate the potentiality of the proposed scheme for recovering 2.5D shape of cultural heritage objects.
Comprometimento Institucional: um modelo interpretativo para o serviço público brasileiro
Authors: Andrade Diego César Terra de
Published: April 2021

As peculiaridades encontradas no setor público brasileiro demandam pesquisas direcionadas ao entendimento dos fenômenos do comportamento organizacional. Destarte, o objetivo central desta pesquisa é avaliar um modelo interpretativo do comprometimento institucional, que melhor explique o comportamento dos servidores públicos. A revisão bibliográfica engloba os construtos Engajamento no Trabalho, Satisfação no Trabalho e Articulação de Valores Pessoais e Valores Organizacionais. O modelo foi testado em amostra composta de n = 902, por meio de uma survey online, disposta em escala do tipo Likert. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais (MME). As três hipóteses do modelo inicial, bem como a equação do modelo integrativo foram confirmados. O modelo estrutural que trouxe o melhor ajuste foi o terceiro (R2 = 47,5% e Q2 = 0,207). Como contribuição teórica o trabalho apresenta, ainda, que o construto Articulação dos Valores Organizacionais e Valores Pessoais exerce papel mediador e o construto Engajamento no Trabalho é um antecedente.
A Comprehensive 3D-Molded Bone Flap Protocol for Patient-Specific Cranioplasty
Authors: Bertani Raphael , Novo Caio Moreno Perret , Freitas Pedro Henrique , Nunes Amanda Amorin , Palhares Thiago Nunes , Noritomi Pedro , Oliveira Marcelo , Vicentini Joana Campos , Lima Tagore Martins de Morais , Pilon Barbara Contarato , Albuquerque Silvia , Rozental Stefano F.A. , Capitao Claudia , Rodrigues Pedro Cesar , Schiavini Hugo C , Maia Monica Diuana Calasans , Granjeiro José Mauro , Rossi Alexandre Malta , Maricevich Juan Pablo Borges Rodrigues , Filho Ruy Castro Monteiro da Silva , Silva Jorge Vicente Lopes da , Rozental Renato
Published: April 2021

We present a detailed step-by-step approach for the low-cost production and surgical implantation of cranial prostheses, aimed at restoring aesthetics, cerebral protection, and facilitating neurological rehabilitation. This protocol uses combined scan computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional images, in DICOM format, along with a 3D printing (additive manufacturing) setup. The in-house developed software InVesalius®️ is an open-source tool for medical imaging manipulation. The protocol describes image acquisition (CT scanning) procedures, and image post-processing procedures such as image segmentation, surface/volume rendering, mesh generation of a 3D digital model of the cranial defect and the desired prostheses, and their preparation for use in 3D printers. Furthermore, the protocol describes a detailed powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process, known as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), using Polyamide (PA12) as feedstock to produce a 3-piece customized printed set per patient. Each set consists of a “cranial defect printout” and a “testing prosthesis” to assemble parts for precision testing, and a cranial “prostheses mold” in 2 parts to allow for the intraoperative modeling of the final implant cast using the medical grade Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in a time span of a few min. The entire 3D processing time, including modelling, design, production, post-processing and qualification, takes approximately 42 h. Modeling the PMMA flap with a critical thickness of 4 mm by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) assures mechanical and impact properties to be slightly weaker than the bone tissue around it, a safety design to prevent fracturing the skull after a possible subsequent episode of head injury. On a parallel track, the Protocol seeks to provide guidance in the context of equipment, manufacturing cost and troubleshooting. Customized 3D PMMA prostheses offers a reduced operating time, good biocompatibility, and great functional and aesthetic outcomes. Additionally, it offers greater than 15-fold cost advantage over the usage of other materials, including metallic parts produced by additive manufacturing.
Identifying and quantifying the latent factors controlling spring discharge in an industrialized karst watershed
Authors: Gu Xiufen , Jamshidi Sajad , Qian Jiazhong , Hao Yonghong , Sun HongGuang , Niyogi Dev
Published: April 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Selection of functional EPHB2 genotype in ENU mutated grass carp response to GCRV by the method of BSA Sequence Analysis
Authors: Nissa Meher un , Jiang ZhuXiang , Zheng GuoDong , Zou ShuMing
Published: April 2021

Background N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis is a useful method for genetic development of plants, as well as for inducing functional mutants in animal models including mice and zebrafish. GCRV (Grass carp Reovirus) is the hemorrhage disease of grass carp and causes noteworthy loss of fingerlings in the last few years. To overcome this problem, we have used ENU mutant grass carp might be a helpful to find out some resistant functional gene for future hereditary rearing projects in grass carp.Results In the present study, ENU-mutated grass carp were used to identify genetic markers correlated with anti hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The BSA (Bulked segregant analysis) technology were performed on two homozygous gynogenetic ENU grass carp groups with susceptible or resistant in response of GCRV. Our results showed that 466,162 SNPs and 197644 InDel were found out in the mixed pool. A total of 170 genes were annotated in the associated region, including 49 genes with non-synonymous mutations at SNP sites and 25 genes with frame shift mutations at InDel sites. Among these 170 mutated genes, 5 randomly selected immune-related genes expression was higher in resistant group as compared to susceptible. Furthermore, we found one immune-related gene EPHB2 has confirmed two heterozygous SNP mutations which responded to GCRV disease. The SNPs within gene EPHB2 were found out in the intron region with position 5859 (5859G>A) and 5968 (5968G>A) were significantly (p = 0.002, 0.003) associated with the resistance against GCRV. These SNP sites were confirmed to correlate with the GCRV-resistant phenotype of ENU grass carp. The SNPs associated with GCRV resistance are useful in selecting GCRV-resistant genes for genetic breeding in grass carp.Conclusion Our results proved the possibility of BSA-sequence analysis in detecting genes responsible for the exciting phenotypes and will help in carrying out the marker-assisted selection, especially for disease resistance in the response of GCRV.
Fiscal Policy and Environment: A Long-Run Multivariate Empirical Analysis of Ecological Footprint in Pakistan.
Authors: Zahra Samia , Khan Dilawar , Nouman Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Despite differences in carbon emissions shares and differences in ecological footprint patterns of each nation, these differences are guaranteed to show similar features in long run, thus making it a global issue.An increase in economic growth contributes to an increase in waste production with an impact on environmental degradation and climate change. An ecological footprint is a relatively comprehensive measure than previously used CO2 emission as an environmental proxy as it includes comprehensive multi-facets environmental indicators because ecological footprint includes built-up land, CO2 emission, cropland, fishing ground, grazing land, and forest products which has included all environmental dimensions. This research has focused to empirically investigate the long-run impact of fiscal policy on the ecological footprint in Pakistan keeping different socio-economic factors into consideration. Per annum, time-series data have been collected between 1976 and 2018. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test has been employed to determine the unit root of the data. To investigate the long-run association between fiscal policy and ecological footprint, modern econometric techniques such as Johansen co-integration test, ARDL Bounds test, different diagnostic tests, and variance decomposition analysis are used. Johnson co-integration test depicts significant long-run co-integration between fiscal policy, ecological footprint, and its major socio-economic determinants in Pakistan. Conclusion of ARDL model shows that 1% increase in public development expenditures, total population, GDP, and energy consumption increase 0.19, 2.17, 1.16, and 2.17% ecological footprint respectively in Pakistan between 1976 and 2018 and vice versa. However, it is also derived that a 1% increase in public tax and non-tax revenue and public current expenditures (in health, education, and other social sectors) shrink 0.36 and 0.013% ecological footprint in the long-run in Pakistan. The stability, reliability, and credibility of the ARDL model are found correct based on different diagnostic tests. Variance decomposition analysis also depicts fiscal policy significantly cause ecological footprint in Pakistan.
The Usefulness of Virtual Reality Head Set in Basic Surgical Skills Education of Medical Students
Authors: Ojala Sofianna , Nuutinen Henrik , Sirola Joonas , Nykopp Timo , Kröger Heikki
Published: April 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Managing biological invasions: the cost of inaction
Authors: Ahmed Danish Ali , Hudgins Emma Judith , Cuthbert Ross Noel , Kourantidou Melina , Diagne Christophe , Haubrock Phillip Joschka , Leung Brian , Liu Chunlong , Leroy Boris , Petrovskii Sergei , Courchamp Franck
Published: April 2021

Ecological and socio-economic impacts from biological invasions are rapidly escalating worldwide. While effective management underpins impact mitigation, such actions are often delayed, insufficient or entirely absent. Presently, management delays emanate from a lack of monetary rationale to invest at early invasion stages, which precludes effective prevention. Here, we provide such rationale by developing a conceptual model, based on logistic growth, to quantify the cost of inaction towards invasive alien species under varying time delays and management efforts. Further, we apply the resulting model to management and damage data from a relatively data-rich genus (Aedes mosquitoes). Our model confirms that rapid management interventions following invasion drastically minimise costs, and that higher management investments lead to much steeper cost declines. Further, we identify a ‘runaway’ point beyond which costs of inaction slowly approach saturation. Any management action during this phase can be considered severely delayed, resulting in substantial losses. For Aedes, we estimated that a management delay of just 20 years could have accrued additional costs of at least US$ 842 million in 40 years, whereas in the case of no management, inaction costs could have been approximately three-fold higher, totalling US$ 2433 million. These results highlight the need for more timely management of invasive alien species by demonstrating how early investments rapidly reduce long-term economic impacts.
Be Well Communities™: Mobilizing communities to promote wellness and stop cancer before it starts
Authors: Rechis Ruth , Oestman Katherine , Caballero Elizabeth , Brewster Anna , Walsh Michael T , Basen-Engquist Karen , Gershenwald Jeffrey E , Tektiridis Jennifer H , Moreno Mark , Williams Pamela A , Treiman Katherine , Garza Priscila , Hawk Ernest
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Increasingly, cancer centers are delivering population-based approaches to narrow the gap between known cancer prevention strategies and their effective implementation. Leveraging successful healthy community initiatives, MD Anderson developed Be Well Communities™, a model that implements evidence-based actions to directly impact people’s lives. Methods: In partnership with local organizations, MD Anderson’s Be Well Communities team executed and evaluated 16 evidence-based interventions to address community priorities in healthy diets, physical activity, and sun safety. Evaluation included assessing the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions, stakeholders’ perceptions of collaboration and the population-level impact on dietary and physical activity behaviors among students using the School Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey and the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time. Two-tailed t-tests were used to compare tested parameters at baseline and follow-up. P values less than .05 were considered significant.Results: This model achieved its early outcomes, including effectively implementing evidence-based interventions, building strong partnerships, increasing access to healthy foods, improving the built environment and increasing healthy food and water consumption and moderate to vigorous physical activity among students (P<.001). Conclusions: Be Well Communities is an effective model for positively impacting community health which could be leveraged by others to deliver evidence-based actions to improve population health.
Amylin Inhibits the Feeding of the Siberian Sturgeon
Authors: Wang Mei , Xu shaoqi , Li Ya , Tang Ni , Chen Hu , Zhang Shupeng , Liu Yanling , Wang Jun , Chen Defang Chen , Li Zhiqiong
Published: April 2021

Amylin is a 37-amino acid polypeptide that has been shown to be involved in feeding regulation in a few mammals, birds and goldfish. To study whether amylin regulates the feeding of Siberian sturgeon, this study cloned amylin of Siberian sturgeon and detected the distribution pattern of amylin in 15 tissues, the expression level in periprandial (pre- and post-feeding), and the changes of food intake and related appetite factors after intraperitonal injection experiment. The results showed that the expression of amylin was highest in hypothalamus, followed by duodenum, telencephalon, forebrain, midbrain, heart and liver, and low in cerebellum, pancreas, valvular intestine and other detection tissues. Compared with 1h pre-feeding, the expression level of amylin in hypothalamus was significantly increased at 1h post-feeding (P < 0.05), and the expression level of amylin in duodenum was extremely significantly increased at 1h post-feeding (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group (normal saline), the food intake at 0-1h and 1-3h after intraperitoneal injection of 100 ng/g BW and 200 ng/g BW was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the food intake at 3-6h in 100 ng/g BW group was extremely significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the food intake at 3-6h in 200 ng/g BW group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). After 1h of injection of 100 ng/g amylin, MC4R in hypothalamus was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and somatostatin was extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01), while amylin and NPY were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). CCK in valvular intestine was extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01), insulin in duodenum was significantly increased (P < 0.05), but ghrelin in duodenum had no significant change (P > 0.05). These results showed that Amylin inhibited feeding in Siberian sturgeon by down-regulating appetite stimulating factor NPY and up-regulating appetite suppressing factors somatostatin , MC4R , CCK and insulin .
Exploring Intervention Components in Association with Changes in Preschool Children’s Vegetable Intake: The BRA-study
Authors: Kristiansen Anne Lene , Bjelland Mona , Himberg-Sundet Anne , Lien Nanna , Holst René , Andersen Lene Frost
Published: April 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to explore kindergarten staffs’ perceived usefulness of intervention components in association with changes in children’s vegetable intake and vegetables served in the kindergarten. Assessment of the perceived usefulness of intervention components consisted of a paper-based questionnaire for the kindergarten staff assessing usefulness of “posters”, “supplementary material” and “one-day inspirational course”. Children’s vegetable intake in the kindergarten was assessed by direct observation, while vegetables served was assessed by a 5-day weighted vegetable diary. Results: Seventy three kindergartens in two counties in Norway participated (response rate 15 %) and parental consent was obtained for 633 children 3-5 years of age at baseline (response rate 39 %). Mixed effect models indicated a tendency that “posters” were associated with increased child vegetable intake (P = 0.062). Surprisingly, a low degree of perceived usefulness of “supplementary material” was associated with the largest increase in child vegetable intake (P = 0.020). No significant associations between perceived usefulness of intervention components and vegetables served in the kindergarten were found. This study indicated a tendency that “posters” were associated with increased child vegetable intake, however this may also be due to synergies between multiple intervention components.Trial registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials ISRCTN51962956 (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN51962956). Registered 21 June 2016 (retrospectively registered).
Annealing Accelerator for Ising Spin Systems based on In-memory Complementary 2D FETs
Authors: Sebastian Amritanand , Das Sarbashis , Das Saptarshi
Published: April 2021

Metaheuristic algorithms such as simulated annealing (SA) has been implemented for optimization in combinatorial problems, especially for discreet problems. SA employs a stochastic search, where high-energy transitions (“hill-climbing”) are allowed with a temperature-dependent probability to escape local optima. Ising spin glass systems have properties such as spin disorder and “frustration” and provide a discreet combinatorial problem with high number of metastable states and ground-state degeneracy. In this work, we exploit subthreshold Boltzmann transport in complementary two-dimensional (2D) field effect transistors (p-type WSe2 and n-type MoS2) integrated with analog, non-volatile, and programmable floating-gate memory stack to develop in-memory computing primitives necessary for energy and area efficient hardware acceleration of SA for the Ising spin systems. We experimentally demonstrate > 800X search acceleration for 4×4 ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and a spin glass system using SA compared to an exhaustive search using brute force trial at miniscule total energy expenditure of ~120 nJ. Our hardware realistic numerical simulations further highlight the astounding benefits of SA in accelerating the search for larger spin lattices.
Pre- and post-surgery change of EGFR mutation status in a lung squamous cell cancer patient
Authors: Hu Mingming , Li Fugen , Zhao Yun , Lu Baohua , Lin Haifeng , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Tongmei
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe percentage of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in squamous lung cancer was relatively low. The dynamic changes of EGFR mutation in peripheral blood before and after surgical resection in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been rarely reported.Case presentationWe report a 73-year-old woman with squamous lung cancer of the left upper lobe and EGFR exon 19 deletion (19del) was identified in biopsy and peripheral plasma separately before a surgical operation. The mass regressed remarkably after three cycles of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and then the patient was administered curative-intent surgery. Postoperative pathology supported the diagnosis of left upper lobe squamous cell carcinoma and EGFR 19del mutation. At the time of 40 days after surgery, EGFR 19del mutation in peripheral blood was undetectable using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) method.ConclusionsWe report, for the first time, the perioperational dynamics of EGFR mutation in a LSCC patient. EGFR 19del mutation was eliminated after surgical operation. The genetic mutation status from peripheral blood could be converted through the operation.
Naloxone Availability in Community Pharmacies, 2019
Authors: Elliott Jennifer , Beasley Lauren , Oranu Ekene , Gilbert Lauren , Roth Kimberly , Nguyen Jennifer
Published: April 2021

Background: Increasing the availability of naloxone among friends and family of past and present opioid users is a vitally important mission to reduce the occurrence of opioid-related overdose deaths. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of naloxone in independent pharmacies in Georgia. Secondary objectives include determining pharmacists’ knowledge regarding the standing order and ability to counsel regarding naloxone.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of ten months. The study was population based and was conducted at all independent pharmacies in the state of Georgia. All independent pharmacies in the state of Georgia were contacted and asked the below questions with a 96% response rate (n=520). Results: 558 independent, retail pharmacies were called, with a 96% response rate (n=520 pharmacies). Two hundred-twenty pharmacies reported having naloxone in stock. Of the 335 pharmacists asked, 174 (51.9%) incorrectly said that a prescription was required. The mean (SD) cash price was $148.02 (27.40), with a range of $0 to $300. Of 237 pharmacists asked who had naloxone in stock or who stated they could get naloxone in stock, 212 stated that they could, 8 stated they could not, and 17 said that they possibly could or were unsure how to do it. Conclusions: This study provided insight into the limited availability of naloxone at independent retail pharmacies in Georgia after the standing order was issued. The majority of pharmacist’s at independent pharmacies in Georgia were incorrectly under the impression a prescription was needed to obtain naloxone. This is an even greater barrier to access and may also contribute to the infrequency of independent pharmacies stocking naloxone. The low availability of naloxone, its high cost for uninsured individuals, and the lack of pharmacists’ knowledge of the laws surrounding its dispensing are significant structural barriers to access for a drug that can help offset opioid-related mortality.
Superhydrophobic textile: treatment in aqueous solutions of aluminum salts
Authors: Endiiarova Eterina , Osipov Artem , Alexandrov Sergey , Shakhmin Alexander
Published: April 2021

Textile is currently a promising material. Obtaining hydrophobic surfaces on textiles significantly increases its value when used in various fields. In this work we carried out experiments on textile processing. Treatment of textile materials in solutions containing aluminum allows to obtain a superhydrophobic surface. KAl(SO4) and AlCl3 solutions were used. It was found that treatment in AlCl3 solution is more effective and allows to achieve a hydrophobic surface on textile with a contact angle of more than 150º. The hydrophobic surface retained its properties even after 30 days. Textile samples were investigated using X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed hydrophobicity in the treatment of textile materials is ensured by the formation of aluminum oxide on the surface. The dependence of the coarse calico contact angle on the AlCl3 solution concentration is determined. which demonstrates that when the concentration of AlCl3 solution increases (within the limits of variation considered), the contact angle also increases.
Enhanced risk of concurrent regional droughts with increased ENSO variability and warming
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Ashfaq Moetasim , Skinner Christopher , Anderson Weston , Mishra Vimal , Singh Deepti
Published: April 2021

Spatially compound extremes pose substantial threats to globally interconnected social-economic systems. We use an Earth system model large ensemble to examine the future risk of compound droughts during the boreal summer over ten global regions with highly seasonal climate. Relative to the late-20th century, the probability, mean extent and severity of compound droughts increase by ~60%, ~10% and ~20% respectively by the late-21st century, with a disproportionate increase in risk across North America and the Amazon. These changes result in a ~9-fold increase in exposure over agricultural areas and ~5 to 20-fold increase in population exposure depending on the shared socioeconomic pathway. ENSO is the predominant large-scale driver of compound droughts with 68% of historical events occurring during El Niño or La Niña conditions. ENSO teleconnections remain stationary in the future though an ~22% increase in ENSO extremes combined with projected warming, drive the elevated risk of compound droughts.
Reconstruction of a catalogue of genome-scale metabolic models with enzymatic constraints using GECKO 2.0
Authors: Domenzain Iván , Sánchez Benjamín , Anton Mihail , Kerkhoven Eduard J , Millán-Oropeza Aarón , Henry Céline , Siewers Verena , Morrissey John , Sonnenschein Nikolaus , Nielsen Jens
Published: April 2021

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have been widely used for quantitative exploration of the relation between genotype and phenotype. Streamlined integration of enzyme constraints and proteomics data into GEMs was first enabled by the GECKO method, allowing the study of phenotypes constrained by protein limitations. Here, we upgraded the GECKO toolbox in order to enhance models with enzyme and proteomics constraints for any organism with an available GEM reconstruction. With this, enzyme-constrained models (ecModels) for the budding yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica and Kluyveromyces marxianus were generated, aiming to study their long-term adaptation to several stress factors by incorporation of proteomics data. Predictions revealed that upregulation and high saturation of enzymes in amino acid metabolism were found to be common across organisms and conditions, suggesting the relevance of metabolic robustness in contrast to optimal protein utilization as a cellular objective for microbial growth under stress and nutrient-limited conditions. The functionality of GECKO was further developed by the implementation of an automated framework for continuous and version-controlled update of ecModels, which was validated by producing additional high-quality ecModels for Escherichia coli and Homo sapiens. These efforts aim to facilitate the utilization of ecModels in basic science, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology purposes.
Network Traffic Classification Model Based on Attention Mechanism and Spatiotemporal Features
Authors: Hu Feifei , Zhang Situo , Lin Xubin , Wu Liu , Liao Niandong , Song Yanqi
Published: April 2021

Traffic classification has been widely used in network security and network management. Previous research has focused on mapping network traffic to different non­-encrypted applications, However, there are few researches on network traffic classification of encryption applications, especially the underlying traffic of encryption application. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a network encrypted traffic classification model which combines attention mechanism with spatial and temporal characteristics. The model first uses LSTM (Long Short­Term Memory) to analyze the time series of the continuous network flows and find out the time characteristics between the network flows. Secondly, CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) is used to extract the high­-order spatial features of the network flow, and then the high-­order spatial features are weighted and redistributed through the SE(Squeeze­ and­ Excitation)module to obtain the key spatial features of encrypted traffic. Finally, through the two-­stage training and learning , fast classification of network flow is achieved. The main advantages of this model are as follows: 1) the mapping relationship between network flow and corresponding labels is constructed end­-to­-end without manual extraction of network flow characteristics; 2)It has a powerful generalization ability which is able to be compatible with different types of data sets; 3) there is still a high recognition rate for encryption application and the underlying traffic of encryption application. The experimental results show that this model can be well qualified for the classification of non­-encrypted and encrypted application, moreover, greatly improves the classification accuracy of the underlying traffic of encryption application.
Local and Remote Forcing Effects of Oceanic Eddies in the Subtropical Front Zone on the Mid-latitude Atmosphere in Winter
Authors: Hu Haibo , Yihang Zhao , Zhang Ning , Bai Haokun , Chen Feifei
Published: April 2021

Multiple oceanic eddies coexist in the North Pacific subtropical front zone (STFZ) in winter, which can be classified into the isolated single eddies (ISO), the combined double isotropic eddies (DBL) and pairs of anisotropic eddies (PAIR). The forcings of these eddies on the mid-latitude atmosphere are investigated using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data from year 1979 to 2009, which are divided into the remote and local effects in this research. In the stronger STFZ years,there are more ISO and DBL cyclonic eddies to the north but more ISO and DBL anticyclonic eddies to the south of the STFZ, meanwhile more PAIR eddies with cold to the north and warm to the south concentrated around the main axis of the STFZ. These eddy distributions enhance the strength of STFZ, intensify the propagation of upwards baroclinic waves in the lower atmosphere, and finally enhance the zonal wind at upper atmosphere, which is defined as the remote effects of the eddies. However, distinct from this basin-scale remote forcings, three types of oceanic eddies also have different local forcings on the maritime atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over these eddies. The local effects of the ISO and DBL eddies on MABL entirely depend on the numbers and polarity of the eddy center, while the MABL response to the PAIR eddies appears at the boundary of the two eddies. Furthermore, the local effects of the three types of eddies can be traced to the middle atmosphere accompanied by local precipitation differences.
The Availability and Utilization of Psychosocial Services for Breast Cancer Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Wondimagegnehu Abigiya , Abebe Workeabeba , Hirpa Selamawit , Abraha Aynalem , Kantelhardt Eva J. , Addissie Adamu , Zebrack Bradley , Teferra Solomon
Published: April 2021

Background: Provision of psychosocial services has substantial impact in cancer care by reducing emotional distress and improving both the quality of life and survival of patients, but the availability and utilization of the services have been not well-studied in developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to explore the types of psychosocial services available for breast cancer patients and utilization in selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed method study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey involving a sample of 428 patients with breast cancer, followed by a qualitative study in seven health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of nine in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with purposefully selected four breast cancer patients and five key informants using two separate interview guides. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS software, and both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with provision of psychosocial services. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data using NVivo 12 plus software. Result: Only 47 (11.1%) patients received psychosocial services, either in the form of counseling, emotional support or provision of information. Addis Ababa residency, severity of pain and longer duration since diagnosis were factors associated with provision of psychosocial services. Health professionals reportedly provided such services along with their routine activities, and patients predominantly received social/emotional support from family members, friends and colleagues. There was no well-structured counseling service, emotional support or group discussion sessions for breast cancer patients in these health facilities. The main reasons reported by health professionals for not providing these services were high patient flow/workload, inadequate space, lack of training and not having qualified professionals to organize and deliver psychosocial services in those hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Conclusion: This study revealed that very few breast cancer patients received psychosocial services from health professionals, and the services were not integrated and delivered in a structured way. Therefore, integrating and implementing psychosocial services in cancer care is recommended both in private and government health facilities in Ethiopia.
GPCR activation mechanisms across classes and macro/microscales
Authors: Gloriam David , Hauser Alexander , Kooistra Albert , Munk Christian , Babu M. Madan
Published: April 2021

Two-thirds of human hormones and one-third of clinical drugs activate ~350 G protein-coupled receptors belonging to four classes: A, B1, C and F. Whereas a model of activation has been described for class A, very little is known about the activation of the other classes which differ by being activated by endogenous ligands bound mainly or entirely extracellularly. Here, we show that although they use the same structural scaffold and share several helix macroswitches, the GPCR classes differ in their microswitch residue positions and contacts. We present molecular mechanistic maps of activation for each GPCR class and new methods for contact analysis applicable for any functional determinants. This is the first superfamily residue-level rationale for conformational selection and allosteric communication by ligands and G proteins laying the foundation for receptor-function studies and drugs with the desired modality.
WITHDRAWN: Comparison of a small dose of oxycodone and sufentanil for the prevention of sufentanil-induced cough during general anesthesia induction: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shi Lingli , He Yong , Ni Huanhuan
Published: April 2021

Background: Sufentanil is widely used during anesthesia induction. However, sufentanil injections can cause cough through different mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a small dose of oxycodone and sufentanil in suppressing sufentanil-induced cough (SIC) during general anesthesia induction.Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted form February 12, 2019 to December 30, 2019. A total of 174 patients were scheduled for elective surgery, and 144 screened patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=48). Five minutes before sufentanil bolus (0.4 μg/kg), patients in group O received 0.02 mg/kg oxycodone intravenously within 5 s, those in group S received 0.02 μg/kg sufentanil within 5 s and those in group N received an equal volume of 0.9% normal saline within 5 s. Sufentanil was diluted to 5 μg/ml and administered within 5 s after pretreatment. The incidence and severity of cough in the three groups were evaluated within 1 minute after sufentanil injection during anesthesia induction. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at T0 (after entering the operation), T1 (3 minutes after pretreatment), T2 (before intubation), and T3 (1 minute after intubation).Results: The incidences of cough in group N, group O, and group S were 20 (41.6%), 7 (14.5%), and 6 (12.5%), respectively. Compared with group N, group O and group S exhibited significantly reduced incidence and severity of cough, and the severity of cough in group O and group S was dramatically reduced compared with that in group N (P<0.05). No significant differences in the rangeability of MAP and HR were noted at the four time points in the three groups (P> 0.05).Conclusion: Intravenous oxycodone (0.02 mg/kg) and sufentanil (0.02 μg/kg) represent effective approaches to reducing SIC in anesthesia induction and ensuring a relatively stable hemodynamic state during general anesthesia induction.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900021087, registered date: January 28, 2019), http://www.chictr.org.cn