bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transfreq: A Python package for computing the theta‐to‐alpha transition frequency from resting state electroencephalographic data
Authors: Vallarino Elisabetta , Sommariva Sara , Famà Francesco , Piana Michele , Nobili Flavio , Arnaldi Dario
Published: June 2022

A classic approach to estimate individual theta‐to‐alpha transition frequency (TF) requires two electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, one acquired in a resting state condition and one showing alpha desynchronisation due, for example, to task execution. This translates into long recording sessions that may be cumbersome in studies involving patients. Moreover, an incomplete desynchronisation of the alpha rhythm may compromise TF estimates. Here we present transfreq, a publicly available Python library that allows TF computation from resting state data by clustering the spectral profiles associated to the EEG channels based on their content in alpha and theta bands. A detailed overview of transfreq core algorithm and software architecture is provided. Its effectiveness and robustness across different experimental setups are demonstrated on a publicly available EEG data set and on in‐house recordings, including scenarios where the classic approach fails to estimate TF. We conclude with a proof of concept of the predictive power of transfreq TF as a clinical marker. Specifically, we present a scenario where transfreq TF shows a stronger correlation with the mini mental state examination score than other widely used EEG features, including individual alpha peak and median/mean frequency. The documentation of transfreq and the codes for reproducing the analysis of the article with the open‐source data set are available online at https://elisabettavallarino.github.io/transfreq/. Motivated by the results showed in this article, we believe our method will provide a robust tool for discovering markers of neurodegenerative diseases.
Miniaturized optimal incident light angle‐fitted dark field system for contrast‐enhanced real‐time monitoring of 2D/3D‐projected cell motions
Authors: Jang Yeongseok , Han Seungbeom , Song Chulgyu , Jung Jinmu , Oh Jonghyun
Published: June 2022

In the field of biology, dark field microscopy provides superior insight into cells and subcellular structures. However, most dark field microscopes are equipped with a dark field filter and a light source on a 2D‐based specimen, so only a flat sample can be observed in a limited space. We propose a compact cell monitoring system with built‐in dark field filter with an optimized incident angle of the light source to provide real‐time cell imaging and spatial cell monitoring for long‐term free from phototoxicity. 2D projection imaging was implemented using a modular condenser lens to acquire high‐contrast images. This enabled the long‐term monitoring of cells, and the real‐time monitoring of cell division and death. This system was able to image, by 2D projection, cells on the surface thinly coated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, as well as living cells that migrated along the surface of glass beads and hydrogel droplets with a diameter of about 160 μm. The optimal incident light angle‐fitted dark field system combines high‐contrast imaging sensitivity and high spatial resolution to even image cells on 3D surfaces.
SEC review of non‐GAAP comment letters in family firms
Authors: Khalil Samer , O'Shaughnessy Denise , Twardus Ian
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we investigate whether the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)’s review of voluntary non‐GAAP disclosures in 10‐K reports varies with firm ownership structure. Relying on the voluntary disclosure literature, we argue that managers voluntarily disclose financial and non‐financial information in order to resolve information asymmetries arising from firm ownership structure. We find, using a sample of firms over the period 2006–2018, that family ownership reduces the likelihood of receiving a comment letter related to non‐GAAP disclosures. We also show that family firms take a longer period and exchange a larger number of correspondence letters with the SEC before the latter closes the case. These findings contribute to the family firm literature and expand the literature investigating the SEC review of voluntary non‐GAAP disclosures.
Longitudinal trends of peripheral blood counts in polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythemia patients in the UK
Authors: Carpenter Lewis , Rockenschaub Patrick , Hatton Grace B. , D'Abrantes Sofia , Sims Edward , Scott‐Ram Nicholas , Ducès Aurélie , Emanuel Gabrielle , Mead Adam J. , Drummond Mark W. , Lipunova Nadezda
Published: June 2022

There is sparse evidence of how well haematological targets are met in practice for essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythaemia vera (PV) patients. Patient data was collected between 2008 and 2020 from two UK NHS Trusts for ET and PV patients. Longitudinal changes in peripheral blood counts, including the proportion of patients meeting peripheral blood count remission, was modelled. Relative risk of cardiovascular‐related events for patients achieving remission within 3‐months was estimated. A total of 620 ET and 429 PV patients were analysed. For high‐risk patients, haematological parameters decreased in the first months of observation then stabilised within normal reference ranges until year 5. Total time spent in peripheral blood count remission was 39.2% for ET and 29.1% for PV. A lower proportion of ET patients reached target platelet counts (48.3%) compared to WBC (79.1%), whilst PV patients were less likely to reach target haematocrit levels (56.9%) compared to platelets (77.3%) or WBC (74.6%). There was no statistically significant association between reaching target blood counts within 3‐months and cardiovascular risk. Complete haematological remission remains a challenging target in managing PV and ET, however this study was unable to show statistically‐significant evidence that this was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events.
State of the Art: Quantitative Cardiac MRI in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Guo Yubo , Li Xiao , Wang Yining
Published: June 2022

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is characterized by amyloid infiltration in the myocardial extracellular space, causing heart failure. Patients with CA are currently underdiagnosed. Cardiac involvement is significantly associated with the prognosis and treatment decision‐making for CA. Early identification and accurate stratification are the crucial first step in patient management. Comprehensive cardiac MRI‐based evaluation of the cardiac structure, function, and myocardial tissue characterization assesses cardiac involvement by tracing disease processes. Emerging quantitative tissue characterization techniques have introduced new measures that can identify early staged CA and monitor disease progression or response after treatment. Quantitative cardiac MRI is becoming an instrumental tool in understanding CA, which leads to changes in individualized patient care. This review aimed to discuss the quantitative cardiac MRI‐based assessment of CA using established and emerging techniques.

Evidence Level

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
On the existence of a large proglacial lake in the Rostov‐Kostroma lowland, north‐central European Russia
Authors: Borisova Olga , Konstantinov Evgeny , Utkina Anna , Baranov Dmitrii , Panin Andrei
Published: June 2022

The Rostov‐Kostroma lowland is a depression stretched between the end‐moraine ridges of the Moscovian (MIS 6) glaciation crossed by the Upper Volga River. According to the theory accepted since the 1970s, in the Last Glacial epoch (MIS 2) this lowland was occupied by a glacially dammed lake that drained about 15 000 years ago, allowing the modern river system of the Upper Volga to appear. In this study, we test this concept using a synthesis of previously published data and new data on geomorphology, structure and age of the Late Quaternary deposits. The results obtained show that the last large lakes existed in this area during deglaciation at the end of MIS 6. By the beginning of the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e), these lakes were drained, and the present‐day Volga valley already existed. Small lakes remained in the deepest glaciodepressions, with few of them surviving until today. These lakes show no signs of depth or area increase in MIS 2. Lacustrine deposits of MIS 2 have not been found elsewhere. Therefore, no evidence of a single large lake in the Rostov‐Kostroma lowland in MIS 2 was found. The total area of the lakes did not differ much from that of modern times.
Deep Learning for FAST Quality Assessment
Authors: Taye Mesfin , Morrow Dustin , Cull John , Smith Dane Hudson , Hagan Martin
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of using a deep learning (DL) algorithm to assess the quality of focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) exams.

Methods

Our dataset consists of 441 FAST exams, classified as good‐quality or poor‐quality, with 3161 videos. We first used convolutional neural networks (CNNs), pretrained on the Imagenet dataset and fine‐tuned on the FAST dataset. Second, we trained a CNN autoencoder to compress FAST images, with a 20–1 compression ratio. The compressed codes were input to a two‐layer classifier network. To train the networks, each video was labeled with the quality of the exam, and the frames were labeled with the quality of the video. For inference, a video was classified as poor‐quality if half the frames were classified as poor‐quality by the network, and an exam was classified as poor‐quality if half the videos were classified as poor‐quality.

Results

The results with the encoder‐classifier networks were much better than the transfer learning results with CNNs. This was primarily because the Imagenet dataset is not a good match for the ultrasound quality assessment problem. The DL models produced video sensitivities and specificities of 99% and 98% on held‐out test sets.

Conclusions

Using an autoencoder to compress FAST images is a very effective way to obtain features that can be used to predict exam quality. These features are more suitable than those obtained from CNNs pretrained on Imagenet.
Predictive Value of Risk Factors for Pharyngocutaneous Fistula After Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To assess the predictive value of various risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) after total laryngectomy.

Methods

The characteristics of each study were collected from six databases up to January of 2022. Risk for bias was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 tool.

Results

A total of 58 studies in 9845 patients were included in the analysis. The incidence of PCF was 21.69%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.20; 0.24] in the included studies. Age (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.12; 1.58]), postoperative anemia (OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.47; 3.57]), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.20; 2.71]), tumor site (above or below the glottis) (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.15; 1.88]), previous radiation therapy (OR = 2.06, 95% CI [1.56; 2.72]), previous tracheostomy (OR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.04; 1.53]), surgery timing (salvage vs. primary) (OR = 2.08, 95% CI [1.46; 2.97]), extended total laryngectomy (including pharyngectomy) (OR = 1.96, 95% CI [1.28; 3.00]), primary tracheoesophageal puncture (OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.40; 0.93]), and postoperative hypoproteinemia (OR = 9.98, 95% CI [3.68; 27.03]) were significantly associated with the occurrence of PCF. In view of predictive ability, postoperative hypoproteinemia showed the highest accuracy (sensitivity = 51%, specificity = 90%, area under the curve = 0.84).

Conclusion

Multiple patient‐, disease‐, and surgery‐related factors are risk factors for PCF. In particular, postoperative hypoproteinemia could be a good predictive factor for PCF in patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Laryngoscope, 133:742–754, 2023
Hyers–Ulam stability for boundary value problem of fractional differential equations with κ‐Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Vu Ho , Rassias John M. , Hoa Ngo Van
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to discuss basic results of boundary value problems of fractional differential equations (BVP‐FDEs) via the concept of Caputo fractional derivative with respect to another function with the order
. The existence and uniqueness results of a solution for BVP‐FDEs are discussed by utilizing Banach fixed point theorem and Schaefer's fixed point theorem. We also provide new sufficient conditions to guarantee the Hyers‐Ulam stability and the Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of BVP‐FDEs. Furthermore, some concrete examples to consolidate the obtained results are also considered.
Blickpunkt Nachwuchs: Photoselektive Katalyse
Authors: Teskey Christopher J.
Published: June 2022

Die Selektivität eines katalytischen Systems zu verändern, erfordert meistens eine physikalische Änderung der Reaktionsbedingungen. Eine verbesserte Kontrolle der Katalysatoraktivität durch einen externen Stimulus wie Licht eröffnet daher neue Möglichkeiten für die Synthese. Dies erforscht Aduc‐Preisträger Christopher Teskey.
Trendbericht Biochemie 2022: Bioaktive Substanzen entdecken: von Display‐Methoden zu selbstkodierten Substanzbibliotheken
Authors: Pomplun Sebastian J.
Published: June 2022

Über spezialisierte Enzyme, Affinitätsselektionsmethoden, um bioaktive Substanzen zu entdecken, hochauflösende Strukturanalyse von Proteinkomplexen und die Kombination von Bio‐ und Photokatalyse.
Bauchemie: Flammschutz aus Geflügelfedern
Authors: Weichold Oliver , Brenner Markus
Published: June 2022

Es gibt neue Ansätze, um große Mengen natürlicher und ungiftiger Materialien bereitzustellen, die vor schweren Bränden schützen. Wie sich Holzfaserplatten mit Substrat aus Keratin imprägnieren lassen.
Synthetische Chemie am unteren Rand des Periodensystems
Authors: Vondung Lisa
Published: June 2022

Den meisten Menschen sind die Actinoide lediglich als Elemente in Kernkraftwerken bekannt. Doch seit einigen Jahren werden Koordinationsverbindungen der verschiedenen Actinoide auch in Laboren hergestellt und untersucht.
„Communicating the Future“: 24. Frühjahrssymposium
Authors: Gindele Maxim , Hindricks Karen , Höner Janina Carolin
Published: June 2022

Das 24. JCF‐Frühjahrssymposium fand vom 23. bis zum 26. März in Hannover statt. Organisatoren waren die Regionalforen aus Hannover und Göttingen.
Mandatory corporate social responsibility and provision of trade credit: Evidence from India
Authors: Altaf Nufazil
Published: June 2022

The relationship between corporate social responsibility and trade credit is investigated in this study via the trust (direct) and cash holding (indirect) channels. We discovered that corporate social responsibility and trade credit are strongly correlated, lending support to the trust channel. We also find evidence for the indirect route; particularly, enterprises with high CSR have high cash holdings, which are associated with less trade credit.
The Stability and Electronic and Thermal Transport Properties of New Tl‐Based MAX‐Phase Compound Ta2TlX (X: C or N)
Authors: Rached Youcef , Ait Belkacem Ahmed Arab , Rached Djamel , Rached Habib , Caid Messaoud , Merabet Mostefa , Benalia Salaheddine , Djoudi Lakhdar , Rabah Imad Eddine , Rabah Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Herein, a comprehensive computational investigation of the stability and mechanical, electronic, and thermal transport properties of two new Tl‐based MAX‐phase compounds Ta2TlC and Ta2TlN is presented. The negative values of the formation energy ensure the chemical stability of the materials. Moreover, the analysis of phonon dispersion and elastic constants shows that the compounds are dynamically and mechanically stable. From the electronic structures, the miss of bandgap at the Fermi level reveals the metallic nature of the compounds, and state densities indicate the difference between the conductivities of the two compounds. Furthermore, interestingly low thermal conductivities are obtained for both compounds. Finally, the ambition is that this report will inspire new theoretical and experimental studies on these compounds.
Comparison of π(BB)⋯M bond and luminescence behavior of group 11/12 metal π‐diborene complexes: Theoretical investigation
Authors: Sun Chenfei , Li Zhendong , Lu Bin , Li Qingzhong , Li Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

Transitional metal (TM) π‐diborene complexes have similar structures to those side‐on‐bound TM‐π‐olefin complexes, while their luminescence behaviors are distinctly different. In this work, the natures of the π(BB)⋯TM bonds in π‐diborene(1)⋯MCl (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) and π‐diborene(2)⋯M′Cl2 (M′ = Zn, Cd, and Hg) have been investigated and compared based on EDA, AIM, ELF, NCI, NBO, and ETS‐NOCV analysis as well as their UV/Vis spectra have been predicted. The calculated results show that the π(BB)⋯M/M′ bonds are strong covalent bonds, the orbital interactions in π(BB)⋯M′ (M′ = Zn, Cd, and Hg) are more dominant than those in π(BB)···M (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) bonds. The π(BB)⋯M/M′ interactions belong to the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model, the back donations of the M′Cl2 in π‐diborene(2)⋯M′Cl2 are less than those of MCl in π‐diborene(1)⋯MCl. Both π‐diborene(1)⋯MCl and π‐diborene(2)⋯M′Cl2 can produce blue luminescence, the luminescence intensity of former complexes are stronger than the latter complexes.
Toward characterizing locally common graphs
Authors: Hancock Robert , Král' Daniel , Krnc Matjaž , Volec Jan
Published: June 2022

A graph is common if the number of monochromatic copies of in a 2‐edge‐coloring of the complete graph is asymptotically minimized by the random coloring. The classification of common graphs is one of the most intriguing problems in extremal graph theory. We study the notion of weakly locally common graphs considered by Csóka, Hubai, and Lovász [arXiv:1912.02926], where the graph is required to be the minimizer with respect to perturbations of the random 2‐edge‐coloring. We give a complete analysis of the 12 initial terms in the Taylor series determining the number of monochromatic copies of in such perturbations and classify graphs based on this analysis into three categories:

Graphs of Class I are weakly locally common.

Graphs of Class II are not weakly locally common.

Graphs of Class III cannot be determined to be weakly locally common or not based on the initial 12 terms.

As a corollary, we obtain new necessary conditions on a graph to be common and new sufficient conditions on a graph to be not common.
Characterizing pedagogical decision points in sense‐making conversations motivated by scientific uncertainty
Authors: Watkins Jessica , Manz Eve
Published: June 2022

Science education researchers have highlighted how uncertainty can foster meaningful scientific sense‐making, supporting students to re‐evaluate their understandings of scientific phenomena and pursue deeper causal accounts. However, facilitating whole‐class conversations motivated by uncertainty is complex and challenging, calling for further descriptions of the pedagogical work involved for teachers. In this study, we consider recurring pedagogical decision points as a way to get a handle on how teachers orchestrate classroom conversations and improvise to respond to students' reasoning. To examine these decision points, we analyzed five classroom episodes where classroom communities transformed a student's expression of uncertainty into an episode of collective, scientific sense‐making. Across these episodes, we found that teachers needed to make decisions around (1) whether to make space for an uncertainty, (2) how to transform an uncertainty into a collective problem, (3) which elements to fix and which to leave open, (4) when and how to support the class to evaluate their accounts, (5) whether to make space for and/or mark new goals. Using detailed analyses of two episodes, along with short descriptions of the others, we illustrate how these decision points emerged, the different choices teachers made, and how these decisions shaped the trajectories of the classroom conversations.
Managerial political power and the reallocation of resources in the internal capital market
Authors: Keum Dongil Daniel
Published: June 2022

Research Summary

We examine how managers' political power reallocates resources in the internal capital market. By shifting the focus from financial to firm‐specific, non‐financial resources that are difficult to evaluate and zero‐sum in nature, we revise the prevailing view that managers' political power plays a significant yet contingent role under financial constraint and weak governance. We instead characterize managerial political power as an intrinsic, inescapable determinant of internal competition and resource allocation. Our research design links sentence‐by‐sentence, qualitative analyses of the legal opinion delivered as breaking news during the corruption trials involving a key executive at Samsung group with minute‐level shifts in share prices. This study presents a politics‐based theory of the internal capital market and highlights the methodological potential of quantitative case studies.

Managerial Summary

Managerial politics presents a vexing yet persistent reality of organizational life and the inter‐divisional competition for resources. We attribute its pervasiveness to the contest over non‐financial resources with fuzzy ownership and significant yet uncertain value, such as bargaining power over internal transfer pricing, managerial attention, and control over new business opportunities. Because of the zero‐sum dynamics of these non‐financial resources and their constant scarcity, political contests cannot be suppressed through the provision of financial slack or agency controls and even extend to family members. Appointing rival managers along clearly separated lines of businesses may curb, but not eliminate, managerial politics. We show that investors are acutely aware of the value of managers' political power and make investment decisions based on them.
Atrial septal defect in an Airedale terrier
Authors: Jackson Nathan W. , Thomason Justin D. , DiFazio Matthew R. , Hallman Clay C.
Published: June 2022

A 2‐year‐old, female spayed Airedale terrier presented for evaluation of a heart murmur noted during an annual wellness examination. Physical examination revealed a grade IV/VI, left basilar systolic heart murmur. The remaining physical examination was unremarkable. Thoracic radiographs and an echocardiogram were performed. Radiographic findings included right‐sided cardiomegaly, enlargement of the pulmonic arch and enlargement of the caudal lobar pulmonary arteries. An approximately 2.8 cm (apicobasilar dimension) ostium primum atrial septal defect was observed on echocardiography. The dog was discharged with conservative therapy of pimobendan (5 mg PO q12h). As of the most recent recheck, 3 years after initial diagnosis, the patient's heart size remained static.
Correction to: Security in the Anthropocene
Authors: Trombetta Maria Julia
Published: June 2022

The book was inadvertently published with a couple of errors: 1. Chapter 9 of this book needs to changed to open access.
From Human-Nature Dualism Towards More Integration in Socio-ecosystems Studies
Authors: Boulangeat Isabelle , Allain Sandrine , Crouzat Emilie , Girard Sabine , Granjou Céline , Poirier Clara , Ruault Jean François , Paillet Yoan , Arpin Isabelle
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

In the management of natural resources and biodiversity, humans and nature have traditionally been considered as two distinct systems, one controlling the other. The concept of socio-ecosystems allows a more integrated approach, in which humans and nature are recognized as interdependent. However, this new perspective does not necessarily eliminate a distinction between humans and nature, or even a hierarchy of humans over nature. This chapter aims to raise awareness of the potential human–nature dualism in socio-ecosystem approaches. Other research fields have adopted different approaches regarding human–nature integration versus dualism, offering a window on the advantages and limitations of various positions. We also discuss how methodological choices are important to translate human–nature integration or dichotomy depending on the study aim.
Layout optimization of long-span structures subject to self-weight and multiple load-cases
Authors: Fairclough Helen E. , Gilbert Matthew
Published: June 2022

Layout optimization provides a powerful means of identifying materially efficient structures. It has the potential to be particularly valuable when long-span structures are involved, since self-weight represents a significant proportion of the overall loading. However, previously proposed numerical layout optimization methods neglect or make non-conservative approximations in their modelling of self-weight and/or multiple load-cases. Combining these effects presents challenges that are not encountered when they are considered separately. In this paper, three formulations are presented to address this. One formulation makes use of equal stress catenary elements, whilst the other two make use of elements with bending resistance. Strengths and weaknesses of each formulation are discussed. Finally, an approach that combines formulations is proposed to more closely model real-world behaviour and to reduce computational expense. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated through application to a number of 2D- and 3D-structural design problems.
Influence of oral processing behaviour and bolus properties of brown rice and chickpeas on in vitro starch digestion and postprandial glycaemic response
Authors: Chen Yao , Stieger Markus , Capuano Edoardo , Forde Ciarán G. , van der Haar Sandra , Ummels Meeke , van den Bosch Heleen , de Wijk Rene
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Oral processing behaviour may contribute to individual differences in glycaemic response to foods, especially in plant tissue where chewing behaviour can modulate release of starch from the cellular matrix. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chewing time of two starch based foods (brown rice and chickpeas) on bolus properties, in vitro starch digestion and postprandial glycaemic excursion in healthy subjects.

Methods

In a cross-over trial participants (n = 26) consumed two carbohydrates-identical test meals (brown rice: 233 g; chickpeas: 323 g) with either long (brown rice: 41 s/bite; chickpeas: 37 s/bite) or short (brown rice: 23 s/bite; chickpeas: 20 s/bite) chewing time in duplicate while glycaemic responses were monitored using a continuous glucose monitoring device. Expectorated boli were collected, then bolus properties (number, mean area, saliva amylase activity) and in vitro starch digestion were determined.

Results

Longer chewing resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) more and smaller bolus particles, higher bolus saliva uptake and higher in vitro degree of intestinal starch hydrolysis (DH_Schewing time%) than shorter chewing for both foods (brown rice: DH_S%23 s = 84 ± 4% and DH_%S41s = 90 ± 6%; chickpeas: DH_S%20 s = 27 ± 3% and DH_%S37s = 34 ± 5%, p < 0.001). No significant effect of chewing time on glycaemic response (iAUC) (p > 0.05) was found for both meals. Brown rice showed significantly and considerably higher in vitro degree of intestinal starch hydrolysis and glycaemic response (iAUC) than chickpeas regardless of chewing time. No significant correlations were observed between bolus properties and in vitro starch hydrolysis or glycaemic response (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Differences in the innate structure of starch based foods (brown rice compared to chickpeas) have a larger effect on postprandial glucose response than differences in mastication behaviour although oral processing behaviour showed consistent effects on bolus properties and in vitro starch digestion.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04648397 (First posted: December 1, 2020).
Intraoperative imaging and navigated spinopelvic instrumentation: S2-alar-iliac screws combined with tricortical S1 pedicle screw fixation
Authors: Sargut Tarik Alp , Hecht Nils , Xu Ran , Bohner Georg , Czabanka Marcus , Stein Julia , Richter Marcus , Bayerl Simon , Woitzik Johannes , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The present study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and accuracy of navigated spinopelvic fixation with focus on S2-alar-iliac screws (S2AIS) and tricortical S1 pedicle screw implantation with the use of high-resolution three-dimensional intraoperative imaging and real-time spinal navigation.

Methods

Patients undergoing navigated intraoperative CT-based spinopelvic stabilization between January 2016 and September 2019 were included. Pelvic fixation was achieved by implantation of S2AIS or iliac screws (IS). S1 screws were implanted with the goal of achieving tricortical purchase. In all cases, instrumentation was performed with real-time spinal navigation and intraoperative screw positioning was assessed using intraoperative computed tomography (iCT), cone-beam CT (CBCT) and robotic cone-beam CT (rCBCT). Screw accuracy was evaluated based on radiographic criteria. To identify predictors of complications, univariate analysis was performed.

Results

Overall, 52 patients (85%) received S2AIS and nine patients (15%) received IS instrumentation. Intraoperative imaging and spinal navigation were performed with iCT in 34 patients, CBCT in 21 patients and rCBCT in six patients. A total number of 10/128 (7.8%) iliac screws underwent successful intraoperative correction due to misalignment. Tricortical purchase was successfully accomplished in 58/110 (53%) of the S1 screws with a clear learning curve in the course of time. S2AIS implantation was associated with significantly fewer surgical side infection-associated surgeries.

Conclusions

Real-time navigation facilitated spinopelvic instrumentation with increasing accuracy of S2AIS and tricortical S1 screws. Intraoperative imaging by iCT, CBCT or rCBCT permitted screw assessment with the chance of direct navigated revision of misplaced iliac screws to avoid secondary screw revision surgery.
The case for the Humanities Citation Index (HuCI): a citation index by the humanities, for the humanities
Authors: Colavizza Giovanni , Peroni Silvio , Romanello Matteo
Published: June 2022

Citation indexes are by now part of the research infrastructure in use by most scientists: a necessary tool in order to cope with the increasing amounts of scientific literature being published. Commercial citation indexes are designed for the sciences and have uneven coverage and unsatisfactory characteristics for humanities scholars, while no comprehensive citation index is published by a public organisation. We argue that an open citation index for the humanities is desirable, for four reasons: it would greatly improve and accelerate the retrieval of sources, it would offer a way to interlink collections across repositories (such as archives and libraries), it would foster the adoption of metadata standards and best practices by all stakeholders (including publishers) and it would contribute research data to fields such as bibliometrics and science studies. We also suggest that the citation index should be informed by a set of requirements relevant to the humanities. We discuss four such requirements: source coverage must be comprehensive, including books and citations to primary sources; there needs to be chronological depth, as scholarship in the humanities remains relevant over time; the index should be collection driven, leveraging the accumulated thematic collections of specialised research libraries; and it should be rich in context in order to allow for the qualification of each citation, for example, by providing citation excerpts. We detail the fit-for-purpose research infrastructure which can make the Humanities Citation Index a reality. Ultimately, we argue that a citation index for the humanities can be created by humanists, via a collaborative, distributed and open effort.
Deciding the feasibility of a booking in the European gas market is coNP-hard
Authors: Thürauf Johannes
Published: June 2022

We show that deciding the feasibility of a booking () in the European entry-exit gas market is coNP-hard if a nonlinear potential-based flow model is used. The feasibility of a booking can be characterized by polynomially many load flow scenarios with maximum potential-difference, which are computed by solving nonlinear potential-based flow models. We use this existing characterization of the literature to prove that is coNP-hard by reducing to the infeasibility of a booking. We further prove that computing a potential-difference maximizing load flow scenario is $${\textsc {NP}}$$
NP
-hard even if we can determine the flow direction a priori. From the literature, it is known that  can be decided in polynomial time on trees and a single cycle. Thus, our hardness result draws the first line that separates the easy from the hard variants of  and finally answers that is hard in general.
Phase I study of aflibercept in combination with docetaxel in Japanese patients with advanced solid malignancies
Authors: Sunakawa Yu , Takahashi Keishiro , Kawaguchi Osamu , Yamamoto Nobuyuki
Published: June 2022

Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer development. This study sought to determine the recommended dose of aflibercept, a recombinant fusion protein targeting VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor (PlGF), combined with docetaxel in Japanese patients with advanced solid malignancies. This phase I study was planned to include 12 patients following a 3 + 3 algorithm to determine the maximum tolerated dose of aflibercept combined with docetaxel in patients with metastatic or unresectable solid tumors (trial registration: NCT00545246). Docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks or 60 mg/m2 after protocol amendment) was combined with escalating doses of aflibercept (2, 4 and 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks). Free and VEGF-bound aflibercept were measured to assess free aflibercept in excess of the VEGF-bound form. At the starting dose of the combination, 3 of 6 patients treated experienced febrile neutropenia. After reducing the docetaxel dose to 60 mg/m2 in step 2 and permitting therapeutic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) use, 2 of 3 patients in both cohorts experienced febrile neutropenia. Five patients (42%) had a partial response and 4 patients had stable disease (33%). Free aflibercept in excess of the VEGF-bound form was not maintained at this dose level. The dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of aflibercept combined with docetaxel was febrile neutropenia, which occurred in 2 of 3 Japanese patients at the lowest aflibercept dose level (2 mg/kg) combined with docetaxel (60 mg/m2) and therapeutic G-CSF use. A recommended dose for further studies was not determined because of the DLT at the starting dose.
Social Investment Policies and Childbearing Across 20 Countries: Longitudinal and Micro-Level Analyses
Authors: Billingsley Sunnee , Neyer Gerda , Wesolowski Katharina
Published: June 2022

This study analyses the influence of family policies on women’s first and second births in 20 countries over the period 1995 to 2007. Welfare states have shifted towards social investment policies, yet family policy–fertility research has not explicitly considered this development. We distinguish between social investment-oriented and passive support that families may receive upon the birth of a child and consider changes in policies over time. These indicators are merged with fertility histories provided by harmonized individual-level data, and we use time-conditioned, fixed effects linear probability models. We find higher social investment-oriented support to be correlated with increased first birth probabilities, in contrast to passive family support. First birth probabilities particularly declined with higher passive family support for women over age 30, which points to a potential increase in childlessness. Social investment-oriented support is positively related to first and second births particularly for lower-educated women and has no relationship to childbirth for highly educated women, countering the Matthew-effect assumptions about social investment policies. Passive support is negatively related to second births for post-secondary educated women and those who are studying. Family policies that support women’s employment and labour market attachment are positively linked to family expansion and these policies minimize educational differences in childbearing.
Geographical structure of the local segregation of migrants in (sub)urban China
Authors: He Qiong , Musterd Sako , Boterman Willem
Published: June 2022

Unprecedented urbanisation in China has profoundly reshaped the country’s social-spatial structure. Owing to economic suburbanisation and urban redevelopment processes, migrants coming from rural areas are increasingly concentrated in suburbs rather than city centres. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on residential segregation between migrants and locals, and on geographical (re)structuring between the city centre and suburb. Theil’s H Index is used to disaggregate the migrant segregation of each municipality into a within-suburb, a within-centre and a between-centre-suburb component. We use Census data for 258 municipalities in 2000 and 2010; we find that migrant segregation increased in this period. We ascribe this to the increasing segregation of migrants in suburban areas, which offsets the increasingly balanced distribution of migrants between the city centre and suburb. Segregation in city centres also increased slightly in this period. Unexpectedly, less economically developed municipalities, defined by their per capita GDP, tend to be more segregated than their more developed counterparts. Less developed municipalities also have a higher level of suburban employment and housing opportunities in the whole municipality, but feature more segregated suburban spaces and a polarised distribution of migrants between the centre and suburb.
Organizational Capabilities for AI Implementation—Coping with Inscrutability and Data Dependency in AI
Authors: Weber Michael , Engert Martin , Schaffer Norman , Weking Jörg , Krcmar Helmut
Published: June 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) implementation incorporates challenges that are unique to the context of AI, such as dealing with probabilistic outputs. To address these challenges, recent research suggests that organizations should develop specific capabilities for AI implementation. Currently, we lack a thorough understanding of how certain capabilities facilitate AI implementation. It remains unclear how they help organizations to cope with AI’s unique characteristics. To address this research gap, we employ a qualitative research approach and conduct 25 explorative interviews with experts on AI implementation. We derive four organizational capabilities for AI implementation: AI Project Planning and Co-Development help to cope with the inscrutability in AI, which complicates the planning of AI projects and communication between different stakeholders. Data Management and AI Model Lifecycle Management help to cope with the data dependency in AI, which challenges organizations to provide the proper data foundation and continuously adjust AI systems as the data evolves. We contribute to our understanding of the sociotechnical implications of AI’s characteristics and further develop the concept of organizational capabilities as an important success factor for AI implementation. For practice, we provide actionable recommendations to develop organizational capabilities for AI implementation.
Handiski simulator performance under PSO-based washout and control parameters optimization
Authors: Houda Taha , Beji Lotfi , Amouri Ali , Mallem Malik
Published: June 2022

The transfer of advanced technology to the person with a disability who wishes to practice a sporting activity is gaining momentum in the science/engineering world. This paper seeks to approve more comfort and sensations for people with paraplegia on a motion simulation platform during a ski operation. The Motion Cueing Algorithm (MCA) has proven itself for sensation reproduction, which we propose to improve by integrating the physical limits of our 8-DoF mechatronics platform. An extended classical MCA is proposed to respond to the significant lack of restored sensation in the intermediate frequency range. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is constructed to perform optimal washout filter parameters and control law parameters. Consequently, the reproduced skier trajectory stability is obtained. The results show that the proposed algorithm will overcome the physical limitation problem in the Handiski simulator, improve the realism of movement sensation, and reduce the false cues to enhance dynamic fidelity.
Public Sector Strategies in Curbing Corruption: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Ceschel Federico , Hinna Alessandro , Homberg Fabian
Published: June 2022

Corruption is widespread and preventive strategies to reduce corruption need to be adapted within the local context. Considering the United Nations (UN) Convention against corruption as our starting point, the paper presents a literature review based on 118 articles on corruption prevention initiatives in the public sector. The analysis indicates a substantial alignment between the guidelines deriving from the UN Convention, except for a lack of work on the risk-based approach to corruption prevention. Further, the review indicates problems with research designs. Based on the insights generated from the analysis, we develop an agenda for future research.
A New Mark of the Cognitive? Predictive Processing and Extended Cognition
Authors: Kersten Luke
Published: June 2022

There is a longstanding debate between those who think that cognition extends into the external environment (extend cognition) and those who think it is located squarely within the individual (internalism). Recently, a new actor has emerged on the scene, one that looks to play kingmaker. Predictive processing (PP) says that the mind/brain is fundamentally engaged in a process of minimising the difference between what is predicted about the world and how the world actually is, what is known as ‘prediction error minimisation’ (PEM). The goal of this paper is to articulate a novel approach to extended cognition using the resources of PP. After outlining two recent proposals from Constant et al. (2020) and Kirchhoff and Kiverstein (2019), I argue that the case for extended cognition can be further developed by interpreting certain elements of the PP story (namely, PEM) as a “mark of the cognitive”. The suggestion is that when construed at an ‘algorithmic level’ PEM offers a direct route to thinking about extended systems as genuine cognitive systems. On route to articulating the proposal, I lay out the core argument, defend the proposal’s novelty, and point to several of the advantages of the formulation. Finally, I conclude by taking up two challenges raised by Hohwy (2016, 2018) about the prospects of using PEM to argue for extended cognition.
Schopenhauer: ‘The World as Will and Representation’ Volume 2
Authors: Schopenhauer Arthur
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the Cambridge Edition of the Works of Schopenhauer is to offer translations of the best modern German editions of Schopenhauer's work in a uniform format for Schopenhauer scholars, together with philosophical introductions and full editorial apparatus. The World as Will and Representation contains Schopenhauer's entire philosophy, ranging through epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind and action, aesthetics and philosophy of art, to ethics, the meaning of life and the philosophy of religion. This second volume was added to the work in 1844, and revised in 1859. Its chapters are officially 'supplements' to the first volume, but are indispensable for a proper appreciation of Schopenhauer's thought. Here we have his most mature reflections on many topics, including sex, death, conscious and unconscious desires, and the doctrines of salvation and liberation in Christian and Indian thought. Schopenhauer clarifies the nature of his metaphysics of the will, and synthesizes insights from a broad range of literary, scientific and scholarly sources. This new translation reflects the eloquence and power of Schopenhauer's prose, and renders philosophical terms accurately and consistently. It offers an introduction, glossary of names, bibliography, and succinct editorial notes.
Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded
Authors: Richardson Samuel
Published: June 2022

Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded is perhaps the most influential novel published in Britain in the eighteenth century. On its first publication in 1740, it became an immediate bestseller. Its epistolary structure, tight plotting and didactic message were praised, imitated, but also criticised and satirised. This new critical edition of Samuel Richardson's first novel features an authoritative text based on the first edition, general and textual introductions, extensive explanatory notes and textual apparatus. Appendices provide bibliographical descriptions of all lifetime editions as well as the editions of 1801 and 1810, Richardson's introduction to the second edition (fully annotated), and the illustrations and Richardson's index from the octavo edition. The publication of this volume heralds the first full scholarly edition of Richardson's complete works, a long-awaited event in eighteenth-century studies.
Urban Undesirables
Authors: P. Neethi , Kamath Anant
Published: June 2022

This book presents urban transition experiences over nearly three decades in Bangalore based on the narratives of the city's street-based sex workers. Sex workers – female, male, and transgender – have been omnipresent in Bangalore's streets for decades. However, despite being blacklisted as 'undesirable' and hazards to the 'ideal public', they have their own unique imaginaries and narratives of the city and its mutations. In mapping out their spatial and social ecosystems and experiences with technology, this book redraws, rewrites, and relooks at a city and its transformations from their perspectives. The analysis of their experience is anchored to concepts around neoliberal urbanism, gender, labour informality, and the politics of technology. The authors take an unconventional journey through their spaces, comrades, and battles to announce and affirm their individuality and agency through their empowerment strategies, and through their struggles to reclaim their spaces and assert their identities as informal workers and legitimate citizens of the city.
Naturalism in the Christian Imagination
Authors: Jordan Peter N.
Published: June 2022

Science today is often seen as providing the definitive frame of reference for understanding what goes on in nature. Furthermore, the history of science has frequently been portrayed as the story of steady progress in overturning religious explanation in favour of scientific truth. This narrative has been challenged by those who – like the author of this book – recognise that a naturalistic way of looking at the world, which lies at the heart of modern science, has a far richer relationship to religion than many have allowed. Peter Jordan now takes this recognition in fresh and exciting directions. Focusing on key thinkers in early modern England, who located causality within a divine and providential view of the cosmos, he shows how they were able to integrate ideas which today might be dichotomised as 'scientific' and 'religious'. His book makes a compelling contribution to current science and religion debates and their history.
Pamela in Her Exalted Condition
Authors: Richardson Samuel
Published: June 2022

Pamela in Her Exalted Condition follows the heroine of Richardson's hugely popular first novel into married life. In the process, he explores both the experience of women beyond the stage of courtship and provides a fascinating insight into the social and cultural life of the mid eighteenth century. The first ever scholarly edition of the novel, this volume features a critically edited text, general and textual introductions, full annotations and textual apparatus. Appendices describe all the editions published in Richardson's lifetime as well as early nineteenth-century editions. The original illustrations from the popular octavo edition of 1742 and Richardson's index are reproduced. The publication of this novel in the Cambridge edition allows the sequel to Pamela to take its rightful place in the critical study of Richardson's development as a novelist.