bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host stage preference and demographic parameters of Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Muştu Murat , Derya Feyza Nur , Tarhanacı Betül
Published: June 2022

Background

This study was conducted to investigate host stage preference and demographic parameters of the parasitoid species, Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), the parasitoid of vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an important pest in vineyards in many countries.

Results

The results revealed that L. dactylopii was not able to develop on the 1st and 2nd nymphal instars of P. ficus and preferred female mealybugs as the host to the 3rd nymphal instar. Hind tibia length and head capsule width of both female and male parasitoids emerged from the mummies of mealybugs parasitized in the female stage were greater than the values of the parasitoids emerged from the mummies of mealybugs parasitized in the 3rd nymphal instar. Demographic parameters of the parasitoid were calculated with the use of development and reproduction data obtained from life table of L. dactylopii. The intrinsic rate of increase was determined as (r = 0.1527 d−1), finite rate of increase as (λ = 1.1650 d−1), net reproductive rate as (R0 = 46.0667 offspring), and mean generation time as (T0 = 25.0830 d).

Conclusions

It was concluded that L. dactylopii was able to develop, especially in the female and in the 3rd nymphal instar of P. ficus and could be used for biological control of the vine mealybug.
New perspectives on World Heritage management in the GCC legislation
Authors: Wosiński Michał M.
Published: June 2022

New legislative acts on heritage protection have been published in several Arab Countries in the last decade. Whilst this is a positive trend in general, what remains to be seen is the factual impact of the new legislation on the pressing issues of heritage management, including the holistic and integrated approaches, monitoring, enforcement and others. This paper compares the new legislative solutions from Gulf Arab Countries to the older ones and determines whether the new trends have potential of improving the heritage management systems. The findings of this paper are intended to increase the awareness of the still-marginal issue of heritage management in the heritage legislation of Arab region and promote the successful measures among the countries with outdated statutory heritage protection.
Transglutaminase-2 mediates acquisition of neratinib resistance in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Shinde Aparna , Kulkoyluoglu Cotul Eylem , Chen Hao , Smith Andrew , Libring Sarah , Solorio Luis , Wendt Michael K.
Published: June 2022

Acquisition of resistance to targeted therapies remains a major clinical obstacle for the HER2+ subtype of breast cancer. Using an isogeneic progression series of HER2+ breast cancer metastasis we demonstrate that metastatic cells have an increased capacity to acquire resistance to the covalent, pan-ErbB inhibitor, neratinib. RNA sequencing analyses comparing parental and metastatic cells identified upregulation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Genetic depletion and overexpression approaches established that TG2 is both necessary and sufficient for acquisition of neratinib resistance. Mechanistically, we describe a pathway in which TG2-mediates activation of NF-κB signaling leading to upregulation of IL-6 in metastatic cells. This autocrine expression of IL-6 functions to maintain enhanced levels of TG2 via JAK:STAT3 signaling. This drug persistence feedback loop can be interrupted through the use of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. In vivo application of ruxolitinib had no effect on tumor growth under non-treated conditions, but effectively prevented acquisition of resistance, leading to tumor regression upon coadministration with neratinib. Overall, our studies reveal a mechanism in metastatic breast cancer cells that predisposes them to acquisition of resistance to ErbB-targeted therapeutics. Clinically, immediate application of ruxolitinib could prevent acquisition of resistance and improve patient responses to HER2-targeted therapies.
Timing of surgery and elective perioperative management of patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: a SIAARTI expert consensus statement
Authors: Cortegiani Andrea , Tripodi Vincenzo Francesco , Castioni Carlo Alberto , Esposito Clelia , Galdieri Nicola , Monzani Roberta , Rispoli Marco , Simonini Alessandro , Torrano Vito , Giarratano Antonino , Gratarola Angelo
Published: June 2022

Background

The appropriate timing of surgery and perioperative management of patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection are open issues. The purpose of this document is to support the clinical decision-making process regarding the patient with previous Sars-CoV-2 infection to undergo elective surgery. The recipients of this document are physicians, nurses, healthcare personnel, and other professionals involved in the patient’s surgical process.

Methods

The Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) selected 11 experts to reach a consensus on key aspects of this theme in adult and pediatric population. The methods of this process document were in accordance to the principles of rapid review of the scientific literature and modified Delphi method. The experts produced statements and supporting reasons in the form of an informative text. The overall list of statements was subjected to a vote in order to express the degree of consent.

Results

Patients should not undergo elective surgery within 7 weeks of infection unless there is the risk of a negative evolution of the disease. To mitigate the risk of postsurgical mortality, a multidisciplinary approach seemed useful in addition to the use of validated algorithms to estimate the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality; the risk related to SARS-CoV-2 infection should be added. The risk of potential nosocomial contagion from a positive patients should also be considered when deciding to proceed with surgery. Most of the evidence came from previous SARS-CoV-2 variants, so the evidence should be considered indirect.

Conclusion

A balanced preoperative multidisciplinary risk–benefit evaluation is needed in patients with previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 for elective surgery.
Genome-wide association studies in non-anxiety individuals identified novel risk loci for depression
Authors: Cheng Bolun , Qi Xin , Meng Peilin , Cheng Shiqiang , Yang Xuena , Liu Li , Yao Yao , Jia Yumeng , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng
Published: June 2022

Background

Depression is a debilitating mental disorder that often coexists with anxiety. The genetic mechanisms of depression and anxiety have considerable overlap, and studying depression in non-anxiety samples could help to discover novel gene. We assess the genetic variation of depression in non-anxiety samples, using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC).

Methods

The GWAS of depression score and self-reported depression were conducted using the UK Biobank samples, comprising 99,178 non-anxiety participants with anxiety score <5 and 86,503 non-anxiety participants without self-reported anxiety, respectively. Replication analysis was then performed using two large-scale GWAS summary data of depression from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). LDSC was finally used to evaluate genetic correlations with 855 health-related traits based on the primary GWAS.

Results

Two genome-wide significant loci for non-anxiety depression were identified: rs139702470 (p = 1.54 × 10−8, OR = 0.29) locate in PIEZO2, and rs6046722 (p = 2.52 × 10−8, OR = 1.09) locate in CFAP61. These associated genes were replicated in two GWAS of depression from PGC, such as rs1040582 (preplication GWAS1 = 0.02, preplication GWAS2 = 2.71 × 10−3) in CFAP61, and rs11661122 (preplication GWAS1 = 8.16 × 10−3, preplication GWAS2 = 8.08 × 10−3) in PIEZO2. LDSC identified 19 traits genetically associated with non-anxiety depression (p < 0.001), such as marital separation/divorce (rg = 0.45, SE = 0.15).

Conclusions

Our findings provide novel clues for understanding of the complex genetic architecture of depression.
Genetic Analysis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Complicating Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ogasawara Tatsuki , Fujii Yoichi , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Shiozawa Yusuke , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Ootani Katsuki , Ito Etsuro , Tanaka Tomoaki , Watanabe Kenichiro , Yoshida Yusaku , Kimura Noriko , Shiraishi Yuichi , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi
Published: June 2022

Context

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) may appear as a complication of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD-PPGL) with frequent EPAS1 mutations, suggesting a close link between EPAS1 mutations and tissue hypoxia in CCHD-PPGL pathogenesis.

Objective

Our aim is to further investigate the role of EPAS1 mutations in the hypoxia-driven mechanism of CCHD-PPGL pathogenesis, particularly focusing on metachronous and/or multifocal CCHD-PPGL tumors.

Methods

We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) for somatic and germline mutations in 15 PPGL samples from 7 CCHD patients, including 3 patients with metachronous and/or multifocal tumors, together with an adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH) sample.

Results

We detected EPAS1 mutations in 15 out of 16 PPGL/AMH samples from 7 cases. Conspicuously, all EPAS1 mutations in each of 3 cases with multifocal or metachronous tumors were mutually independent and typical examples of parallel evolution, which is suggestive of strong positive selection of EPAS1-mutated clones. Compared to 165 The Cancer Genome Atlas non–CCHD-PPGL samples, CCHD-PPGL/AMH samples were enriched for 11p deletions (13/16) and 2p amplifications (4/16). Of particular note, the multiple metachronous PPGL tumors with additional copy number abnormalities developed 18 to 23 years after the resolution of hypoxemia, suggesting that CCHD-induced hypoxic environments are critical for positive selection of EPAS1 mutants in early life, but may no longer be required for development of PPGL in later life.

Conclusion

Our results highlight a key role of activated hypoxia-inducible factor 2α due to mutated EPAS1 in positive selection under hypoxic environments, although hypoxemia itself may not necessarily be required for the EPAS1-mutated clones to progress to PPGL.
T Cells Mediate Kidney Tubular Injury via Impaired PDHA1 and Autophagy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Chung-Hsing , Lu Wen-Li , Chiang Shang-Lun , Tsai Tsung-Hsun , Liu Su-Ching , Hsieh Chia-Hung , Su Pen-Hua , Huang Chih-Yang , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Lin Yu-Jung , Huang Yu-Nan
Published: June 2022

Context

Nephropathy is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). However, the interaction between the PDHA1-regulated mechanism and CD4+ T cells in the early stage of kidney tubular injury remains unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the role of PDHA1 in the regulation of tubular cells and CD4+ T cells and further to study its interaction in tubular cell injury in T1DM.

Methods

Plasma and total RNA were collected from T cells of T1DM patients (n = 35) and healthy donors (n = 33) and evaluated for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1, PDHA1, and biomarkers of CD4+ T cells including T helper 1 cells (Th1) and regulatory T cells (Treg) markers. HK-2 cells cocultured with CD4+ T cells from T1DM patients or healthy donors (HDs) to evaluate the interaction with CD4+ T cells.

Results

Increased PDHA1 gene expression levels in CD4+ T cells were positively associated with the plasma level of NGAL in T1DM patients and HDs. Our data demonstrated that the Th1/Treg subsets skewed Th1 in T1DM. Knockdown of PDHA1 in kidney tubular cells decreased ATP/ROS production, NAD/NADH ratio, mitochondrial respiration, and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PDHA1 depletion induced impaired autophagic flux. Coculture of tubular cells and T1DM T cells showed impaired CPT1A, upregulated FASN, and induced kidney injury.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that Th1 cells induced tubular cell injury through dysregulated metabolic reprogramming and autophagy, thereby indicating a new therapeutic approach for kidney tubular injury in T1DM.
Circ-CCNB1 Modulates Trophoblast Proliferation and Invasion in Spontaneous Abortion by Regulating miR-223/SIAH1 axis
Authors: Jing Meng-yu , Xie Lai-di , Chen Xi , Zhou Ying , Jin Meng-meng , He Wei-hua , Wang Di-min , Liu Ai-xia
Published: June 2022

Context

Spontaneous abortion (SA) is a common disorder in early pregnancy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to exert important regulatory effects on trophoblast function and embryo development.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore whether and how circRNAs regulate trophoblast function in SA during early pregnancy.

Methods

Cell proliferation, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, Transwell, immunofluorescence, Western blot, RNA pull-down, and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the effect of circRNA cyclin B1 (circ-CCNB1) on trophoblast function in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells.

Results

An in vitro study demonstrated that upregulation of circ-CCNB1 significantly inhibited trophoblast proliferation and invasion compared with the controls using HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells, respectively. Moreover, miR-223 was downregulated in the villous tissues of patients with SA and was further predicted and shown to negatively interact with circ-CCNB1, which is involved in trophoblast proliferation and invasion. Using bioinformatics tools and subsequent RNA pull-down and dual luciferase assays, we found that miR-223 directly targets seven in absentia homolog-1 (SIAH1) and that upregulation of miR-223 decreased circ-CCNB1-induced SIAH1 expression levels in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Interestingly, upregulation of circ-CCNB1 suppressed trophoblast proliferation and invasion through inhibition of CCNB1 nuclear translocation induced by SIAH1. Downregulation of SIAH1 enhanced circ-CCNB1-suppressed CCNB1 nuclear protein expression in trophoblast cells.

Conclusion

Circ-CCNB1 served as a modulator of trophoblast proliferation and invasion by sponging miR-223, thus forming a regulatory network of circ-CCNB1/miR-223/SIAH1 in modulating CCNB1 nuclear translocation, which enabled us to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in normal embryo implantation or in SA.
Zhang Dongsun
Authors: Liu Jianmei
Published: June 2022

This article contributes to the study of the cultural politics of Thirdspace in modern China, which exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese intellectual history, literature, and culture. Although the term the third space was coined by Homi K. Bhabha, the leading figure in postcolonial theoretical studies, as a new form of discourse to go beyond dualistic categories such as the colonizer/colonized opposition, it has much broader cultural meanings in the modern Chinese context. One of the prominent Chinese intellectuals, Zhang Dongsun, intentionally created a critical interface of Thirdspace through which to ensure a spirit of tolerance, independence of individuals, and freedom of criticism. The article investigates Zhang Dongsun's philosophical system, his political thought and commentary, and his cultural criticism in the Republic of China, discussing the motivations that compelled him to undertake the third route, as he attempted to transcend binary oppositions, which ultimately led to his downfall in the New China. The case of Zhang Dongsun, who exemplifies a group of liberal Chinese intellectuals, not only indicates the predicament of the discourse of Thirdspace in modern China but also adds new insights to our understanding of the divergent spiritual journeys that Chinese intellectuals have taken in response to the national crisis.
Connectedness to Nature and Improved Health Outcomes
Authors: Allen Cynthia
Published: June 2022

Apply It!

By reading this article, readers will:

• Discover the concept of connectedness to nature.

• Identify the potential health benefits of green exercise.

• Explore strategies for designing impactful green exercise.
Leveraging the Human–Dog Bond to Support Physical Activity across the Life Span
Authors: Potter Katie , Chase Colleen J.
Published: June 2022

Apply It!

• Do you work with clients or patients who love dogs? Learn about the unique benefits of physical activity in the company of dogs and ways to leverage the human–dog bond to increase physical activity in people of all ages.

• Think through considerations to ensure dog walking and play are safe and enjoyable for both people and pets.
Post caesarean section complications conundrum: Role of imaging
Authors: Nair Ankita Dhiman , Manchanda Smita , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Kachhawa Garima , Bhatla Neerja
Published: June 2022

Although caesarean delivery is a safe procedure, however, with rising numbers being performed every year globally, increasing number of complications are being encountered by clinicians and radiologists. These complications can be early, occurring over first few days to weeks, or late, which can present months to years later. Also, it must be kept in mind that the normal variations of physiological involution occurring in early postpartum period can mimic pathology in many cases. Clinical history, laboratory parameters, and radiological investigations go hand in hand in identifying acute complications at the earliest, enabling early initiation of treatment. Among radiological investigations, ultrasound is the first line investigation of choice, followed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in certain conditions which will be described and illustrated further in this article.
A Study on the Recreated Experiment and Casting Method of Ancient Iron Seated Buddha by Spilt Casting Method
Authors: Park June Yeong , Jung Da Yeon , Han Min Su , Lee Joo Wan , Cho Nam Chul
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to investigate the split casting method based on the recreation of the iron-seated Buddha (ISB) statue (number 1971) in the Chuncheon Museum. The statue was designed using three-dimensional scan data and reduced to half-size. Using the existing research results, the ISB statue was created by mold production and split casting. The mold was prepared by mixing sand and clay at a ratio of 3:4 and 1:3 on the outside and inside, respectively, and then casting was done. Various casting defects were observed in the ISB casting and similar shapes were seen. The casting defects included veining or finning, misrun, open or external shrinkage, surface or subsurface blowholes, surface pinholes, and shift. The microstructures were identified as branch-shaped dendrite and pearlite organizations, and black graphite was observed between the cementite organizations. The study findings may be relevant in exploring traditional casting and manufacturing techniques of ISB and may aid in the production of the original form of ISB.
Τα οθωμανικά δημόσια κτήρια στον ελλαδικό χώρο κατά την πρώιμη οθωμανική περίοδο, 15ος – 16ος αι., και η επίδρασή τους στην εξέλιξη του αστικού ιστού
Authors: Κωστοβασίλης Βασίλειος
Published: June 2022

Η σημαντικότερη φάση για την ανάπτυξη της κάθε οθωμανικής πόλης υπήρξε η πρώιμη περίοδος, καθώς τότε καθορίστηκαν τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά της, χωρικά και μορφολογικά, από τον 14ο και τον 15ο αι., κυρίως για τις βόρειες περιοχές του ελλαδικού χώρου (Θράκη, Μακεδονία και Ήπειρος) και έως και τον 16ο αι. για τις υπόλοιπες περιοχές. Εξαίρεση αποτέλεσε η Κρήτη που καταλήφθηκε όψιμα, κατά τον 17ο αι., αποτελώντας την πιο όψιμη διαμόρφωση οθωμανικών πόλεων στη Μεγαλόνησο. Αναλύοντας τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά κάθε πόλης, μέσω της ανάλυσης των δημοσίων κτιρίων, η μελέτη καταλήγει σε συγκεκριμένες τυπολογίες ανάπτυξης των οθωμανικών πόλεων στον ελλαδικό χώρο, αποδεικνύοντας ότι εκτός από τον προγραμματισμό για την ανέγερση των μεμονωμένων δημοσίων κτιρίων, ή και συγκροτημάτων κτιρίων (imaret, kulliye), υπήρξε παράλληλα και ένα είδος πολεοδομικής συγκρότησης στην ανάπτυξη των νεοϊδρυθέντων πόλεων, που εκφράστηκε στον ίδιο το χώρο, διαμορφώνοντας πολεοδομικές συσχετίσεις, πολεοδομικές ενότητες συγκροτημάτων κτιρίων, καλύπτοντας κατ’ αυτόν τον τρόπο τις νέες ανάγκες της πόλης, σηματοδοτώντας παράλληλα, με τη συμβολική αλλά και την οργανική τους παρουσία τη νέα μορφή της πρώιμης οθωμανικής πόλης. Κατ’ αυτόν τον τρόπο η νέα πόλη γεννιέται, προσαρμοζόμενη στους νέους οθωμανικούς κώδικες, μέσα από το βυζαντινό της παρελθόν, οριοθετώντας τη νέα οθωμανική πραγματικότητα που εύστοχα o Dr. Pierre Pinon ονόμασε ως «οθωμανoποιημένη» (“Ottomanized”) πόλη, όπου η μακρά ιστορική της πορεία, με το Βυζαντινό κυρίως πρόσφατο την περίοδο εκείνη παρελθόν, είναι εμφανής και παρούσα σε κάθε αποτύπωμα του πολεοδομικού ιστού, στοιχείο σημαντικό που συνέβαλλε στη συνέχεια του πολεοδομημένου/κατοικημένου χώρου. Σε κάθε περίπτωση μια νέα εικόνα πόλης δημιουργήθηκε, με τα δικά της σύμβολα, τους δικούς του κανόνες, επιτυγχάνοντας μια συνέχεια στην ιστορία των πόλεων, με σαφείς αναπτυξιακούς στόχους, που επιτεύχθηκαν σε κάθε περίπτωση και ως προς την οικονομική αλλά και την πληθυσμιακή συνιστώσα, διαμορφώνοντας την μετεξέλιξη της έννοιας και της εικόνας της πόλης σε ένα νέο ιδίωμα. Αναλύοντας λοιπόν στη μελέτη τα χαρακτηριστικά όλων των σημαντικών πόλεων του ελλαδικού χώρου, παρακολουθούμε και την αντίστοιχη μετεξέλιξη των πρώιμων οθωμανικών πόλεων, ως νέων συγκροτημένων, προγραμματισμένων πυρήνων ανάπτυξης της νέας οθωμανικής πραγματικότητας.
Βελτίωση μεθόδων σύνθεσης ινσουλίνης και παραγώγων της
Authors: Αναστασίου Αλεξάνδρα
Published: June 2022

Από την ανακάλυψη της ινσουλίνης ως τη μοναδική θεραπεία για το σακχαρώδη διαβήτη έχουν γίνει συνεχή άλματα για τη βελτίωση της συνολικής θεραπείας. Παρά τις βελτιώσεις η χημική και οικονομική διαδρομή για την ινσουλίνη δεν έχει αναπτυχθεί ακόμα. Τα παράγωγα ινσουλίνης είναι σχεδιασμένα έτσι ώστε να διατηρούν τα απαραίτητα δομικά χαρακτηριστικά του μορίου και να είναι βιολογικά ενεργά. Παράγονται με τεχνική ανασυνδυασμένου DNA και με χημική σύνθεση. Αν και οι ανασυνδυασμένες μέθοδοι είναι πολύ επιτυχημένες έχουν μεγάλο κόστος και αντιμετωπίζουν ένα σημαντικό περιορισμό στην τροποποίηση του μορίου της ινσουλίνης, καθώς επιτρέπονται μόνο τα είκοσι φυσικά αμινοξέα για το σχηματισμό νέου σκευάσματος. Από την άλλη η χημική σύνθεση είναι λιγότερο δαπανηρή και πραγματοποιείται με απλές χημικές μεθόδους. Το σημαντικότερο επιτρέπει την ενσωμάτωση ενός ευρέος φάσματος μη φυσικών αμινοξέων και άλλες χημικές τροποποιήσεις στο μόριο. Ως εκ τούτου επιτρέπεται η πλήρης διερεύνηση της φαρμακευτικής χημείας της ινσουλίνης.Στόχος της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η σύνθεση παραγώγων ινσουλίνης με μεθόδους πεπτιδικής χημείας. Σαν πρόδρομα μόρια ινσουλίνης χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συνθετικές μινι-προϊνσουλίνες εκ των οποίων ορισμένες ήταν αντίστροφες. Οι μινι-προϊνσουλίνες διέφεραν μεταξύ τους στο πεπτίδιο C ώστε μετά την ολοκλήρωση της αλυσίδας και το σχηματισμό των γεφυρών θείου να προκύψουν τα αντίστοιχα παράγωγα ινσουλίνης. Μέχρι να ληφθούν τα παράγωγα ακολουθήθηκαν κάποια βήματα, απαραίτητα για την επίτευξη του στόχου.Δεδομένου ότι η ινσουλίνη περιλαμβάνει στο μόριο της τρείς δισουλφιδικές γέφυρες έπρεπε πρώτα να βρεθεί το καταλληλότερο σχήμα προστασίας των Cys και οι βέλτιστες συνθήκες για το σχηματισμό τους, καθώς έχουν καθοριστική σημασία για τη βιολογική της δράση. Οποιαδήποτε παραλλαγή ή απουσία τους επηρεάζει τη συνολική βιοδραστικότητα. Ακολούθως συντέθηκαν οι αλυσίδες μινι-προϊνσουλίνης αντίστροφης και μη και αφού αναδιπλώθηκαν οι σωστοί δισουλφιδικοί δεσμοί (πραγματοποιήθηκε ταυτοποίηση) λήφθηκαν τα αντίστοιχα παράγωγα ινσουλίνης κατόπιν ενζυμικής κατεργασίας.
Επίδραση της διαθεσιμότητας του νερού στα χαρακτηριστικά καλλιεργούμενων και τοπικών ποικιλιών βασιλικού (Ocimum basilicum L.).
Authors: Καλαμαρτζής Ιάκωβος
Published: June 2022

Η συνεχής μείωση της διαθεσιμότητας των υδατικών πόρων έχει στρέψει το ενδιαφέρον των ερευνητών, οι οποίοι ασχολούνται με την αγροτική παραγωγή, σε στρατηγικές μείωσης των αρδεύσεων. Ταυτόχρονα, η καλλιέργεια του βασιλικού (Ocimum basilicum L.), λόγω των προϊόντων πολλαπλού ενδιαφέροντος και χρησιμότητας που παρέχει, μπορεί να αυξήσει σημαντικά την έκταση που καταλαμβάνει, αν οι τεχνικές μείωσης του νερού άρδευσης δώσουν απάντηση στις ιδιαίτερες αρδευτικές ανάγκες της. Μια μελέτη τριών ετών (2015-2018) πραγματοποιήθηκε στον αγρό, για τον προσδιορισμό της επίδρασης της διαθεσιμότητας του νερού άρδευσης στα μορφολογικά, αγροκομικά, φυσιολογικά και ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά των εξεταζόμενων ποικιλιών βασιλικού. Η παρούσα μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε σε διαφορετικά πειράματα τόσο μεταξύ καλλιεργούμενων ποικιλιών όσο και μεταξύ τοπικών ποικιλιών βασιλικού. Οι τοπικές ποικιλίες μελετήθηκαν συγκρινόμενες με την καλλιεργούμενη ποικιλία “Sweet”. Επιχειρήθηκε να προσδιοριστεί η επίδρασης της κλιμακούμενης διαθεσιμότητας νερού άρδευσης στο παραγόμενο προϊόν και η εξεύρεση δεικτών υδατικής καταπόνησης. Οι αρδεύσεις έγιναν χρησιμοποιώντας την τεχνική της ελλειμματικής άρδευσης, παρέχοντας διαφορετικές ποσότητες νερού (d40, d70 και d100), προσδιοριζόμενες ως ποσοστό των καθαρών αναγκών της καλλιέργειας σε νερό άρδευσης (IRn). Οι μετρήσεις και οι δειγματοληψίες πραγματοποιήθηκαν στα στάδια έναρξης της άνθησης, της πλήρους άνθησης και μετά την ολοκλήρωση της άνθησης. Μετά το τέλος κάθε καλλιεργητικής περιόδου ο συγκομισμένος σπόρος υποβάλλονταν σε προβλάστηση, σε τρυβλία, με διαλύματα διαφορετικών συγκεντρώσεων πολυαιθυλενογλυκόλης (PEG-8000). Επιχειρήθηκε να προσδιοριστεί η επίδρασης της κλιμακούμενης διαθεσιμότητας νερού άρδευσης στα χαρακτηριστικά βλάστησης των σπόρων και αναζητήθηκε η πιθανή ύπαρξη επιγενετικών μηχανισμών που μεταβιβάστηκαν στην επόμενη γενιά μέσω του σπόρου. Τα χαρακτηριστικά βλάστησης των σπόρων μελετήθηκαν σε σχέση με την προηγηθείσα κλιμακούμενη διαθεσιμότητα νερού άρδευσης στα μητρικά φυτά και σε σχέση με την κλιμακούμενη συγκέντρωση του διαλύματος βλάστησης, ώστε να προσδιοριστούν δείκτες εντοπισμού επιγενετικών μηχανισμών και δείκτες υδατικής καταπόνησης στους σπόρους κατά τη βλάστησή τους. Από τα αποτελέσματα προκύπτει ότι το υδατικό δυναμικό του φύλλου, καθώς και η αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας του φύλλου και της εγγενούς αποτελεσματικότητας χρησιμοποίησης του νερού μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως δείκτες για την αξιολόγηση ποικιλιών βασιλικού ανθεκτικών στην έλλειψη του νερού. Επίσης, με τη μείωση της διαθεσιμότητα του νερού, στα μητρικά φυτά, η αύξηση της βλαστικότητας του παραγόμενου σπόρου μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως δείκτης εντοπισμού πιθανών επιγενετικών μηχανισμών, καθώς επίσης και με τη μείωση της διαθεσιμότητα του νερού στον βλαστάνοντα σπόρο, η μείωση του σθένους του (λόγος μήκους βλαστιδίου/ριζιδίου) μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως δείκτης υδατικής καταπόνησής του.
Συγκριτικό δίκαιο και γλώσσα
Authors: Σκυτιώτη Σωτηρία
Published: June 2022

Το συγκριτικό δίκαιο συνδέεται με τη γλώσσα καθώς τα νομικά κείμενα διαφορετικών νομικών πολιτισμών δημιουργούνται σε διαφορετικές γλώσσες. Το δίκαιο, η γλώσσα και η επικοινωνία είναι στενά συνυφασμένα και για το λόγο αυτό δεν μπορούν να εξεταστούν μεμονωμένα. Η γλώσσα είναι το μέσο για την έκφραση και εφαρμογή των νομικών κειμένων, τη διάδοση και την εξέλιξή τους. Τόσο το δίκαιο όσο και η γλώσσα είναι πολιτιστικά φαινόμενα στενά συνδεδεμένα με το πολιτισμικό και ιστορικό συγκείμενο. Η διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση του αντικειμένου του συγκριτικού δικαίου είναι απαραίτητη για την πρόοδο της έρευνας.Ακόμα και αν υπάρχει μετάφραση, προκύπτει το ζήτημα εάν η νοοτροπία του δικαίου μίας έννομης τάξης μπορεί να μεταφραστεί και να ερμηνευθεί κατάλληλα σε οποιαδήποτε άλλη γλώσσα εκτός της πρωτότυπης γλώσσας. Η πολυπολιτισμικότητα των κοινωνιών, ο νομικός πλουραλισμός και η ψηφιοποίηση αναδεικνύουν την ανάγκη για μεταφορά της νομικής ουσίας των νομικών κειμένων μεταξύ των διαφορετικών νομικών πολιτισμών. Η διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση του συγκριτικού δικαίου συνδέεται με τη διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση της νομικής μετάφρασης έτσι ώστε να μπορεί να λεχθεί ότι το ίδιο το συγκριτικό δίκαιο συνιστά μετά-φραση των δικαίων.Η ψηφιοποίηση είναι ένα φαινόμενο με σημαντικές επιπτώσεις στο δίκαιο και τη νομική γλώσσα. Η νομική επικοινωνία παρέχει χώρο για εναλλακτικές λύσεις δημιουργώντας ένα τρίτο χώρο, όπου τα όρια μεταξύ των διαφορετικών νομικών συστημάτων είναι συνυφασμένα με τη νομική γλώσσα μίας χώρας.Οι νομικές γλώσσες και τα νομικά συστήματα είναι αποτέλεσμα της ιστορικής εξέλιξης που συμβαίνει με τη διαρκή συνδιαλλαγή ανάμεσα σε άλλες νομικές γλώσσες και άλλα νομικά συστήματα. Η μελέτη των νομικών γλωσσών σχετίζεται με τη μελέτη των νομικών μεταφυτεύσεων. Η νοοτροπία της νομικής γλώσσας εκφράζει τη νοοτροπία του νομικού πολιτισμού. Το συγκριτικό δίκαιο αναδεικνύεται θεματοφύλακας της νομικής ουσίας κάθε διαφορετικού νομικού πολιτισμού στη διαφορετική γλώσσα που αυτός εκφράζεται.
Men, The Missing Link In Gender-equitable Family Planning: A Scoping Review
Authors: Seth Kuhika , Nanda Sharmishtha , Sahay Aishwarya , Verma Ravi , Achyut Pranita
Published: June 2022

Background: Across societies, gender norms often allow men to hold key decision-making power within relationships, households and communities. This extends to almost all domains, consisting of family planning (FP) as well.  FP programs have largely engaged men as clients and rarely as equal partners or influencers although across lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and especially in South Asia, men hold key decision-making power on the domain of family planning. The objective of this article is to explore couple dynamics through the lens of spousal communication and decision-making and unpack male engagement and spousal dynamics in family planning.

Methods: This review presents a synthesis of evidence from two peer-reviewed databases, PubMed and Jstor, and and insights from programmatic documents to shed light on gender equitable engagement of young married men in family planning. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for both these databases was set and search strategies were finalized. This was followed by title and abstract screening, data extraction, synthesis and analysis.

Results: Study participants included unmarried men (16%, n=8), married men (19%, n=9), married women (19%, n=9), married couples (25%, n=12) or more than two respondent categories (21%, n=10). Almost three quarters (71%, n=34) of the studies selected had FP as the primary area of inquiry. Other prominent thematics on which the studies reported were around norms (n=9, 16%), couple dynamics and intimacy (n=12, 22%).

Conclusions: The evidence presented provides sufficient impetus to expand on gender-equitable male engagement, viewing men as equal and supportive partners for informed, equitable and collaborative contraceptive uptake and FP choices by couples.
A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) prototype system for crack propagation monitoring in aircraft assemblies
Authors: Hack Erwin , Luan LiKang , Crosbie Liam , Michel Silvain
Published: June 2022

Background: In the Clean Sky 2 project DIMES, the cyclic loading of a section of an A320 wing with pre-existing damage was carried out.

Methods: We present a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) prototype system to monitor crack propagation in the aircraft wing. This system includes a mount for easy installation and adjustment in a confined space.

Results: Strain localization and evaluation due to crack propagation was successfully observed in the Region-of-Interest (ROI) during cyclic fatigue loading. The results from the DIC prototype system were supported by conventional contact Resistance Strain Gauge (RSG) sensors acting as a far-field monitor.

Conclusions: Future improvements, the combination of two DIC modules for a stereo DIC system and the potential of the DIC system for ground-based tests and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications are also discussed.
Narzędzia niekonwencjonalnej polityki antykryzysowej
Authors: Czekaj Jan
Published: June 2022

At the beginning of the XXI century world economy suffered two crises which exerted profound influence on macroeconomic theory and practice. The theoretical foundations of macroeconomic policy have been questioned. The majority of states used expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. Expansionary fiscal policy led to high state budget deficits and high public debt and in monetary policy the so-called unconventional measures (zero interest rate and quantitative easing) were introduced. The question arises weather it is possible to return to conventional macroeconomic policy or unconventional policy will be the new norm.
Brain-Mind-Body-Sign-World: Crossing the Borders
Authors: Jurewicz Joanna
Published: June 2022

The paper discusses the possible meeting areas between oriental studies, archaeology, and cognitive linguistics. The point of departure is study of Chris Gosden (2008) in which he shows a possible cooperation between archaeology and neuroscience when the interactions among brain-body-world are taken into account. On the example of a sword from the Iron Age, he shows the mutual influences of the brain-body-culture complex on the one hand, and the materials used in craft. I will follow his line of reasoning and show the use of the concept of gold processing in thinking about cognition as it is attested in the early Indian texts. The example analyzed in the paper is a description of a Buddhist meditation attested in the Pāli Canon (c. 4th-1st centuries BCE). With the use of cognitive linguistics models of mental processes, I will show how the triangle brain-bodyworld can be enlarged with two more elements, namely, the mind and signs.
Amphores tardo-antiques fabriquées sur le Littoral Sud de la Région De Murcie (Espagne)
Authors: Modrzewska-Pianetti Iwona
Published: June 2022

The natural riches of the Murcia Region in Spain were of interest to Phoenician sailors. In the Bahía de Mazarrón, unique Fencian ships were found. Apart from metal ores and alumina, the southern coast of Murcia abounded in fish processing establishments, which took on special importance since the 4th century AD. And for this reason workshops for the production of containers called spatheia were set up on the coast. Particularly active were the workshops of Puerto de Mazarrón, La Azohía, El Mojón, Águilas. The article presents a study of amphorae from these workshops found in Bahía de Mazarrón. They are stored in the Museo Arqueológico in Murcia and the Municipal Museum Factoría Romana de Salazones in Puerto de Mazarrón, where the author conducted her research.
How can Social Cohesion Foster State-Building and Confront Tribalism? A Comparative Analysis of the Post-Arab Uprisings Period in Tunisia and Libya
Authors: Menaifi Ferial
Published: June 2022

The Middle East and North Africa have experienced mass protests and political changes since the end of 2010. Indeed, the uprisings were a decisive turning point in the history of the Arab world. Although the leading causes of the revolts appear to be similar, as they result from political repression and socioeconomic grievances, their outcomes were highly different, and thus each state has developed a distinct state-building process. This article aims to explain one of the main factors that led to these divergences by comparing the role of “social cohesion” in Tunisia’s and Libya’s uprisings. The study concludes that, while the strength of social cohesion in Tunisia has fostered the role of civil society and thus explains to a certain degree the relative success of democratic transition in the country, the weakness of social cohesion in Libya has damaged the social fabric and therefore increased the emergence of tribal conflicts in the post-transition era.
An Analysis of China’s Muslim-Related Policies from the Perspectives of Ethnic Heterogeneity, Sinicization and “Anxiety Management”
Authors: Zhang Bozhen
Published: June 2022

As an officially atheist country led by the Communist Party, China is often regarded as a nation where citizens’ freedom of religion is infringed. Despite its status as one of the five officially recognized religions in China, Islam is regarded extremely vulnerable in front of the state, as is shown by the country’s controversial policies towards its Uyghur Muslims. It is even common to hear scholars, politicians, and media labeling China as “anti-Islam.” Most research simply regards China’s Muslim-related policies as unitary, ignoring the diversity of China’s Muslim communities and the basic logics behind these policies. This article will analyze China’s Muslim-related policies based on the actual situation of ethnic heterogeneity (mainly the Hui and Uyghurs) and the central principles of Sinicization and promoting ethnic harmony. It will argue that China’s Muslim-related policies may sometimes seem like hasty “anxiety management” and may appear objectionable from a Western-liberal perspective, but they are not ill-intended and cannot simply be dichotomized as “anti-Islam.”
Islamophobia in India: The Orientalist Reformulation of Tipu Sultan— The Tiger of Mysore
Authors: Patel Ismail Adam
Published: June 2022

Islamophobia in India, with the coming to power of BJP, a Hindutva (Indian nationalist) party, is on the increase. To understand Islamophobia in India, the approach in this article diverts from studies that focus on empirical data of incidence and discriminatory legislation to the construct of the figure of the Muslim as the Other. My approach focuses on Hindutvaism and the British Orientalist construction of the 18th-century figure of Tipu Sultan as a signifier in the marking of Muslims as the Other. British Orientalists during colonialism and Hindutvaism in post-colonial India both construct Tipu as the figure of the Muslim. This brings the Orientalist discursive practice, which constructed the figure of Muslim as an obstruction to imperial British national imagination, in dialogue with the Hindutva Islamophobic narrative. To show that the Hindutva construction of the figure of Muslim has echoes of Orientalism, I adopt a decolonial approach of “coloniality,” as a continuation of Westerncentric global political dominance, and “colonial situation,” as the perpetuation of discrimination against a marked identity in post-colonial nations. Contrasting the construction of Tipu in Orientalism and Hindutvaism situates Islamophobia as a repertoire of problematizing the figure of the Muslim in Orientalism. The approach challenges the view that the colonialist discursive practice that marked Muslims as Other is the preserve of Orientalism, highlighting the influence of Orientalism, as a way of thinking, in post-colonial nations and the unfinished business of decolonisation.
The (In)visibility of Racialized Border Violence? A Ukrainian Killed in Lisbon Airport
Authors: Garraio Júlia , Solovova Olga , Santos Sofia José
Published: June 2022

On March 12, 2020, the Ukrainian citizen Ihor Homenyuk died, having been abused and tortured while in the custody of the Foreigners and Borders Office in Lisbon airport. This crime exposed what several NGOs and institutional reports had long denounced: the climate of impunity that enabled the denial of basic human rights to immigrants in closed spaces at the Portuguese border. Understanding the media as a pivotal place of both reflection and production of social meaning, this article examines the media coverage of this case and identifies the narratives that the case fuelled and the agendas by which it was co-opted. It explores how the public invisibility of violence at Portugal’s borders, Portuguese imaginaries regarding Eastern European immigrants, and current understandings of racism helped frame the case as one of police brutality rather than as a racist crime. We aim to highlight the role of the Schengen border in the reconfiguration of racialized vulnerability and the (re)production of global hierarchies.
The Trend to Widening Wealth and Income Inequality in Sweden and its Causes
Authors: Gao Jiankun , Chen Hairuo
Published: June 2022

Sweden is a model of social democracy in which the Social Democratic Party has long been in power, and in which distribution under the conditions of monopoly capitalism has been the object of one-sided praise. Wealth and income inequality in Sweden was in the past relatively low, but in recent years has shown a tendency to undergo a structural increase, and some indicator values are already at comparatively high levels. Investigating the causes, we find that the ownership structure of the means of production, dominated by monopoly capitalist private ownership, has played a decisive role in the creation and evolution of wealth and income inequality within Sweden. The Swedish welfare system, whose core elements are social security provisions and the tax system, has played an important role in alleviating wealth and income inequality and in promoting social equity, but the degree of adjustment it achieves is relatively limited, and it now faces challenges in ensuring its sustainability. In recent years, the weakening of the organizational strength of trade unions in Sweden has resulted in an imbalance between the power of labor and capital, an imbalance that to some extent has promoted the widening of wealth and income inequality. With the deepening of the basic contradiction of capitalism, the trend to widening wealth and income inequality in Sweden represents a historical inevitability.
High index core flat fiber surface plasmon resonance bio-sensor
Authors: Alkhateeb Abdulhameed Fouad , Islam Md. Shofiqul , Ali Md. Yeakub , Usha Rownok Jahan , Tasnim Sanjida , Alghamdi Sami , Mollah Md. Aslam
Published: June 2022

Due to tremendous design flexibility and ease of light control capability, the photonic crystal fiber offers efficient, flexible, and miniaturized plasmonic biosensors with attractive features. In this work, a high index (

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doped silica) core flat fiber is proposed and analyzed for RI sensing ranging from 1.53 to 1.60. A rectangular analyte channel is created on top of a flat fiber to better handle the liquid analyte. To introduce the plasmonic effect,

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and gold are deposited to the analyte channel. The sensing performance is carried out for two operating wavelengths, as two peaks are obtained for each analyte. The second operating wavelength shows better sensing performance than the first one. However, the proposed sensor offers average wavelength sensitivity of 5000 nm/RIU with a sensor resolution of

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RIU. In addition, the proposed sensor shows identical linearity, which is quite rare in prior sensors. Moreover, the proposed flat sensor provides outstanding detection accuracy of

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, detection limit of 79.28 nm, signal to noise ratio of

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. Owing to outstanding sensing performance and a unique detection range, this sensor can be effectively used in biological and organic analyte sensing applications.
Fabrication of microgrooves in PMN-PT using femtosecond laser irradiation and acid etching
Authors: Shen Tianlun , Si Jinhai , Chen Tao , Zhuang Yongyong , Hou Xun
Published: June 2022

A simple method of fabricating

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(PMN-PT) deep grooves with high aspect ratios using an 800-nm femtosecond laser with chemical-selective etching is demonstrated. The 567-µm-deep grooves with aspect ratios of approximately 35 were obtained with no cracks or thermal affected zone. The morphologies and chemical compositions of grooves were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. The formation mechanism of PMN-PT grooves is attributed to the chemical reactions of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and laser-induced structural changes (LISCs). PMN-PT in LISC became amorphous or mixtures of metal oxide from crystal and all the compounds could react with concentrated HCl and form soluble matter, leaving no precipitation. Furthermore, influences of laser irradiation parameters on depths and aspect ratios of grooves are studied.
Detection of weak micro-scratches on aspherical lenses using a Gabor neural network and transfer learning
Authors: Nguyen Hong-Thai , Tsao Yu-Ming , Wang Hsiang-Chen
Published: June 2022

Surface defect detection is a crucial step in ensuring the quality of lenses. One method to check for surface defects is to use an optical system integrated with an industrial camera to magnify and highlight the position of a defect on the surface of a lens. Therefore, automatic optical inspection systems are applied to detect micro-defects. In this study, we propose an automatic inspection platform based on a deep neural network for automatically imaging and examining the surface of a lens. High-resolution images of

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pixels are acquired using a hybrid lighting system. A convolutional neural network integrated with a trainable Gabor filter is used as a machine vision algorithm to perform image classification and defect segmentation tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively performed with noise in the background, achieving a segmentation accuracy of 98%.
Relative humidity sensing using THz metasurfaces combined with polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Gu Jialin , Qin Jinyuan , Han Zhanghua
Published: June 2022

Relative humidity (RH) plays an important role in almost every industrial field. Thus, the detection of RH is of great significance in these fields. Terahertz (THz) waves are extremely sensitive to the changes in RH because water absorbs strongly in this electromagnetic band. In this paper, a RH sensor based on THz metasurfaces combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is proposed. Different from the conventional metasurface sensor, our sensor includes a PVA layer that is sandwiched between the metal structure and the substrate. The improved design is able to enhance the interaction between the electric field and the water molecules absorbed in the PVA layer, and the sensitivity of the humidity sensor can reach 0.34 GHz/%RH, which is more than twice that of the conventional metasurface sensor. These results show that the proposed sensor can be used for the detection of RH with high reliability and high sensitivity, which open a new, to the best of our knowledge, avenue for RH sensing using THz spectroscopy.
Tracking the contribution of inductive bias to individualised internal models
Authors: Török Balázs , Nagy David G. , Kiss Mariann , Janacsek Karolina , Németh Dezső , Orbán Gergő
Published: June 2022

Internal models capture the regularities of the environment and are central to understanding how humans adapt to environmental statistics. In general, the correct internal model is unknown to observers, instead they rely on an approximate model that is continually adapted throughout learning. However, experimenters assume an ideal observer model, which captures stimulus structure but ignores the diverging hypotheses that humans form during learning. We combine non-parametric Bayesian methods and probabilistic programming to infer rich and dynamic individualised internal models from response times. We demonstrate that the approach is capable of characterizing the discrepancy between the internal model maintained by individuals and the ideal observer model and to track the evolution of the contribution of the ideal observer model to the internal model throughout training. In particular, in an implicit visuomotor sequence learning task the identified discrepancy revealed an inductive bias that was consistent across individuals but varied in strength and persistence.