bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual behavior of post-modern women and sexually transmitted infections: a review study / Comportamento sexual de mulheres pós-modernas e as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Silva Esteves de Hollanda Gabriela , Pereira Nogueira Wynne , Moreira Freire Maria Eliane , Trindade de Souza Layane , Cavalcanti Catão Maria Aparecida , De Oliveira e Silva Ana Cristina
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre os comportamentos sexuais de risco de mulheres e a relação com a ocorrência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Método: revisão integrativa de artigos disponíveis na íntegra, obtidos nas bases PubMed, EBSCO, Lilacs e Web of Science. Foram utilizados descritores controlados e palavras-chave “women” ou “woman” ou “female”, “sexually transmitted disease/transmission” ou “sexually transmitted diseases/transmission” e “comportamento sexual de risco” ou “unsafe sex”. Resultados: foram identificados 794 estudos. Desses, treze estudos compuseram a amostra. As evidências mostraram que múltiplos parceiros sexuais; o uso de aplicativos móveis para recrutar parceiros; mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres independente da orientação sexual; disparidade de idade em relacionamentos; relacionamentos intergeracionais são comportamentos sexuais de risco entre mulheres. Conclusão: presença de novos comportamentos sexuais de risco entre as mulheres pós-modernas. Identificar os novos e velhos comportamentos sexuais de risco é fundamental para o rastreio das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.
Mortality After Exposure to a Hurricane Among Older Adults Living With Dementia
Authors: Bell Sue Anne , Miranda Marie Lynn , Bynum Julie P. W. , Davis Matthew A.
Published: March 2023

This cohort study examines mortality after hurricane exposure in older adults living with Alzheimer disease and other related dementias.
Physics‐Based Machine‐Learning Approach for Modeling the Temperature‐Dependent Yield Strength of Superalloys
Authors: Steingrimsson Baldur , Fan Xuesong , Adam Benjamin , Liaw Peter K.
Published: March 2023

In the pursuit of developing high‐temperature alloys with improved properties for meeting the performance requirements of next‐generation energy and aerospace demands, integrated computational materials engineering has played a crucial role. Herein, a machine learning approach is presented, capable of predicting the temperature‐dependent yield strengths of superalloys utilizing a bilinear log model. Importantly, the model introduces the parameter break temperature, Tbreak, which serves as an upper boundary for operating conditions, ensuring acceptable mechanical performance. In contrast to conventional black‐box approaches, our model is based on the underlying fundamental physics built directly into the model. A technique of global optimization, one allowing the concurrent optimization of model parameters over the low‐ and high‐temperature regimes, is presented. The results presented extend previous work on high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) and offer further support for the bilinear log model and its applicability for modeling the temperature‐dependent strength behavior of superalloys as well as HEAs.
Near‐Threshold Fatigue Crack Propagation in Sintered 304L Stainless Steel Compact with Network Structure Composed of High‐Entropy CrMnFeCoNi Alloy
Authors: Ito Arisa , Fujita Keisuke , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Kikuchi Shoichi
Published: March 2023

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have several superior mechanical properties. However, for these alloys, there is a trade‐off between tensile strength and fatigue‐crack propagation resistance, as is the case for materials with a homogeneous microstructure. The purpose of the present study is to achieve both high‐strength and fatigue‐crack propagation resistance by using a bimodal structure. CrMnFeCoNi alloy and AISI304L powders with different particles diameters are mixed and then consolidated using spark plasma sintering to fabricate sintered compacts with a network structure composed of coarse‐grained 304L surrounded by fine‐grained HEA microstructure. Stress intensity factor K‐decreasing tests are conducted at various force ratios in the ambient laboratory atmosphere to examine near‐threshold fatigue‐crack propagation in the sintered compacts. The ductility and threshold stress intensity range ΔKth tested at a high force ratio for the sintered compacts are higher than that for a homogeneous fine‐grained CrMnFeCoNi alloy. Fatigue cracks in the sintered compacts mainly propagate through the coarse‐grained 304L microstructure, which has high‐fatigue‐crack propagation resistance near the threshold. Therefore, ΔKth for the sintered compacts increases because the ΔKeff,th, which is derived from the 304L without degrading the tensile strength, is higher than that for homogeneous fine‐grained CrMnFeCoNi alloy.
Multiband Elastic Waveguide Cloak in Thin Plates
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Chen Haojie , Yin Yuhang , Ruan Yongdu , Zhu Shan , Hu Chuanjie , Chen Huanyang
Published: March 2023

Vibration in thin plates is a common issue in structural engineering that can significantly impact the performance of structures. One crucial objective is to control vibration intensity. Metamaterials offer a promising solution to this challenge. Herein, a multiband elastic waveguide cloak that uses metamaterials and does not require active components or complex designs is introduced. By converting flexural waves to waveguide‐trapped waves, a cloaking region with negligible vibration can be created. Herein, independent mode conversion channels for elastic waves, which could lead to new approaches to modulating elastic waves, are discovered. The experiment results are in excellent agreement with the numerical simulation results and demonstrate a waveguide cloaking effect. This design has a compact structure and exhibits multiband performance, making it highly suitable for vibration control in various scenarios, including the aerospace industry, bridge engineering, and shock‐absorbing platforms.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Construction of Functionalized Isocoumarin, Flavone, and Isoquinolinedione via a One‐pot Reaction of o‐Quinol Acetate and Soft Nucleophiles
Authors: Jang Yeong‐Jiunn , Chen Guan‐Yu , Jhan Yun‐Lian , Lo Pei‐Ting , Hsu Wei‐Yu , Wang Ke , Hsu Ya‐Ting , Lee Chia‐Lin , Yang Yu‐Liang , Wu Yang‐Chang
Published: March 2023

A one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of substituted isocoumarin, flavone, and isoquinolinedione derivatives through a switchable C‐arylation/lactonization or SNAr reaction from a wide range of soft nucleophiles and o‐quinol acetates has been developed. This base‐mediated protocol proceeds under transition‐metal‐free conditions and selectively affords various heteroarenes in 13–98% yields from readily prepared or commercially available 1,3‐dicarbonyl and α‐EWG‐substituted carbonyl compounds. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated in the synthesis of potential anti‐HIV and anti‐coronavirus derivatives and COX‐2 inhibitors. In addition, detailed experimental and computational studies are performed to provide an intensive understanding and strong support of the reaction mechanism.
Assessment of Biocompatibility of 3D‐Printed Cardiovascular Stent
Authors: Veerubhotla Krishna , McGraw Hillary , Lee Chi H
Published: March 2023

This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility of the 3D‐printed stent and its efficiency on reducing the oxidized‐low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) damage in endothelial cells using the zebrafish embryos model. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) significantly (p‐value <0.001) lose their viability upon exposure to ox‐LDL treatment (100 µg/ml). An exposure of HUVECs to resveratrol (RSL)‐unloaded 3D stent slightly lowers the cell viability as compared with untreated control group. On the contrary, RSL‐loaded 3D stent exposure groups maintain initial cell viability. The amounts of TNF‐α and IL‐β released from zebrafish embryos (1.82 ± 0.75 and 1.87 ± 0.24) in the group treated with the RSL‐loaded 3D stents are significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those from the LPS alone treated group (8.13 ± 2.29 and 23.79 ± 3.82, respectively). It is found that RSL‐loaded 3D stent at a RSL dose of 1 mm shows no mortality during the developmental stages, but RSL‐loaded 3D stent at a dose of 2 mm shows a lowered survival rate (93.3 ± 3.3%), shorter length of larvae, pericardial and yolk sac edemas of 53.3 ± 23.3% and 3.3 ± 3.3%, respectively. The RSL‐loaded 3D stents efficiently downregulate the proinflammatory cytokines, and protect an organism against oxidative stress, while producing minimal developments defects in zebrafish embryos.
Loading of Amino Acids onto RNA in a Putative RNA‐Peptide World
Authors: Singer Johannes N. , Müller Felix M. , Węgrzyn Ewa , Hölzl Christina , Hurmiz Hans , Liu Chuyi , Escobar Luis , Carell Thomas
Published: March 2023

RNA is a molecule that can both store genetic information and perform catalytic reactions. This observed dualism places RNA into the limelight of concepts about the origin of life. The RNA world concept argues that life started from self‐replicating RNA molecules, which evolved toward increasingly complex structures. Recently, we demonstrated that RNA, with the help of conserved non‐canonical nucleosides, which are also putative relics of an early RNA world, had the ability to grow peptides covalently connected to RNA nucleobases, creating RNA‐peptide chimeras. It is conceivable that such molecules, which combined the information‐coding properties of RNA with the catalytic potential of amino acid side chains, were once the structures from which life emerged. Herein, we report prebiotic chemistry that enabled the loading of both nucleosides and RNAs with amino acids as the first step toward RNA‐based peptide synthesis in a putative RNA‐peptide world.
Perfluoropolyether methyl propionate polysiloxane coating with high hydrophobicity and low dielectric property
Authors: Li Zhao , Li Xiue , Wang Kunxin , He Daguang , Diao Wenjie , Yang Hui , Yuan Guoming Yuan , Wu Yifei , Shi Jun , Wu Kun
Published: March 2023

Developing materials with a combination of superior properties such as hydrophobicity and low dielectric is very challenging. This work proposes a design strategy based on the synergistic effect of silicon fluorine to fabricate fluorous silicon materials with excellent hydrophobicity and dielectric properties. Perfluoropolyethyl propionate polysiloxane (PEPS) with different grafting ratios was synthesized by the reaction of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and perfluoropolyethyl methacrylate (PPM) hydrosilane. The self‐crosslinking perfluoropolyether methyl propionate polysiloxane (PFSP) coating with good hydrophobicity and low dielectric was prepared by further introducing triethoxyvinylsilane (TOVS) into the PEPS and condensing. The fluorine content of two interfaces (film PET and film air) of PFSP‐4 film was analyzed by XPS, and it was found that the fluorine content of the film air interface was 46.19% and that of the film PET interface was 17.3%. With the increase of perfluoropolyether content in PFSP, fluorine‐containing groups migrate to the coating surface, which is more conducive to enhancing the hydrophobicity of the coating. The results indicate that the film has excellent hydrophobicity with a high water contact angle of up to 117° due to the introduction of PPM. In addition, the dipole moment of perfluoropolyether methyl methacrylate is 2.27, which is lower than that of methyl. Therefore, the introduction of a large number of perfluoropolyether bonds effectively reduces the polarity of the material, which is beneficial to its low dielectric properties. The dielectric constant of PFSP‐4 is 2.4, which is 33% lower than that of a fluorine‐free silicone coating. The results show that the self‐crosslinking perfluoropolyether methacrylate polysiloxane coating has excellent hydrophobicity and low dielectric properties, so it has a feasible application prospect in the electronic industry.
Effect of methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber/graphene oxide on the anticorrosion and mechanical properties of epoxy‐based coating
Authors: Wan Tao , Wang Xinlei , Wang Bo , Wei Shicheng
Published: March 2023

Graphene oxide has a wide application prospect as filler due to its excellent physical blocking, coating reinforcement, and cathodic protection properties. However, graphene oxide is highly susceptible to agglomerative reunions. Three types of anti‐corrosion coatings were prepared on 5083 Al alloy by a simple smearing method. The coatings are based on neat epoxy resin by introducing different amounts of graphene oxide, methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber, and methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber/ graphene oxide fillers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber/graphene oxide fillers enhance the thermal stability of the epoxy resin‐based coatings. The SEM morphology shows the well‐dispersed methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber/graphene oxide in the coating. The 2 and 1 wt% methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber/graphene oxide coating exhibits excellent mechanical properties and outstanding anti‐corrosion properties, respectively. At 1 wt%, the OCP of the coating is −0.21 V. Additionally, the coating exhibits great anti‐corrosion performance after immersion for 196 h. Compared to the pristine coating and methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber coatings, the methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber/graphene oxide coatings show better thermal stability, mechanical properties and anti‐corrosion properties. The methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber fillers degrade the thermal stability and anti‐corrosion protection and do not affect mechanical properties. Compared with graphene oxide coatings, the surface of methyl methacrylate/nitrile rubber/graphene oxide coatings is smoother with better dispersion, possessing better mechanical and anti‐corrosion properties though only a fewer amounts of graphene oxide were filled in epoxy resin. The better corrosion resistance of the coating can be attributed to the synergistic effect of a physical barrier and a coulomb block.
High antibacterial durability of silver nanoparticles anchored on cotton fiber surfaces by 4‐vinylpyridine polymers synthesized via a “grafting through” strategy
Authors: Chen Jinlin , Wen Xiaodong , Xu Fang , Xiang Shuangfei , Zhao Shujun , Fu Feiya , Liu Xiangdong , Li Ni
Published: March 2023

This study aims at developing novel methodology to prepare antibacterial cotton fabric with excellent antibacterial durability, and a “grafting through” approach was adopted to enhance affinity of Ag NPs with cotton fiber surfaces. The surface modification was carried out by covalently linking acrylic acid (AA) molecules onto the fibers, then 4‐vinylpyridine was copolymerized with the AA moieties as a polymeric binder. Once the coordination bonds were formed between silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and the pyridine nitrogen, Ag NPs could be stably immobilized on the cotton fabric. Experimental results showed that the AA‐co‐PVP grafting copolymer had a significant regulatory effect on the dispersion and particle size of Ag particles, and the resulting cotton fabric presented a high antibacterial property with excellent durability. Even after 120 washing cycles, the bacterial reduction rates of the modified fabric against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli retained a level higher than 99%. In addition, other textile attributes, such as vapor transmissibility, water absorbability and flexibility, could be largely retained in the modified fabrics.
The role of transcription factor Yin Yang‐1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shao Zhiying , Yang Wendong , Meng Xiannan , Li Minle , Hou Pingfu , Li Zhongwei , Chu Sufang , Zheng Junnian , Bai Jin
Published: March 2023

Background

Yin Yang‐1 (YY1) is identified as a transcription factor with multiple functions. However, the role of YY1 in tumorigenesis remains controversial and its regulatory effects may depend upon not only cancer types, but also its interacting partners, chromatin structure, and the context in which it acts. It has been detected that YY1 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Intriguingly, many YY1‐repressed genes exhibit tumor suppressive potential while YY1 silencing is related to chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to meticulously explore YY1 protein structure and the dynamic alteration of its interactome in each cancer type. This review attempts to describe the structure of YY1, summarize the mechanism that influence the expression level of YY1 and also highlight the recent advances in our understanding of regulatory insights of YY1 functions in CRC.

Methods

Related studies were identified through scoping search of PubMed, Web of science, Scopus and Emhase concerning the terms of “colorectal cancer”, colorectal carcinoma” or CRC with “YY1”. The retrieval strategy included title, abstract, and keywords with no language limitations. All the included articles were categorized depending on the mechanisms they explored.

Results

In total, 170 articles were identified for further screening. After removing the duplication, not relevant outcomes and review articles, 34 were finally included in the review. Among them, 10 articles revealed the reasons of YY1 high expression in CRC, 13 articles explored YY1 function in CRC, and 11 articles fell into both aspects. In addition, we also summarized 10 clinical trials concerning the expression and activity of YY1 in various diseases, which offers a hint for future application.

Conclusions

YY1 is highly expressed in CRC and broadly recognized as an oncogenic factor during the whole course of CRC. Sporadic controversial views are raised in term of CRC treatment, reminding us that future studies should take the influence of therapeutic regimens into concern.
A reasonable identification of the early recurrence time based on microvascular invasion for hepatocellular carcinoma after R0 resection: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Liu Zong‐Han , Chai Zong‐Tao , Feng Jin‐Kai , Hou Yu‐Chao , Zhang Xiu‐Ping , Chen Zhen‐Hua , Xiang Yan‐Jun , Guo Wei‐Xing , Shi Jie , Cheng Shu‐Qun
Published: March 2023

Background

Early and late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have different clinical outcomes, especially for those accompanied by microvascular invasion (MVI), but the definition of early recurrence remains controversial. Therefore, a reasonable identification of the early recurrence time for HCC is urgently needed.

Methods

Resected recurrence patients were enrolled and divided into two cohorts, one for identification of the early recurrence time and another for verification of the accuracy of the point. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were adopted to identify the prognostic factors of recurrence HCC (rHCC) and Kaplan–Meier method was applied to analyze the overall survival (OS). The appropriate cutoff value was determined by the exhaustive method using different recurrence intervals from 1 to 24 months in turn.

Results

In total, 292 resected rHCC patients were analyzed to calculate the early recurrence interval, and another 421 resected rHCC patients with MVI were enrolled to verify the efficacy of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in this recurrence interval. MVI was identified as an independent risk factor by multivariable analysis. The OS of rHCC patients without MVI is better than that of patients with MVI when the recurrence time was within 13 months, while not beyond 13 months. The verification cohort demonstrated that adjuvant TACE provided longer survival for rHCC with MVI when the recurrence time was within 13 months, while not beyond 13 months.

Conclusion

For HCC patients with MVI who underwent R0 resection, 13 months may be a reasonable early recurrence time point, and within this interval, postoperative adjuvant TACE may result in longer survival compared with surgery alone.
Shc3 facilitates breast cancer drug resistance by interacting with ErbB2 to initiate ErbB2/COX2/MDR1 axis
Authors: Liu Yun , Cao Fang , Xia Fantong , Li Jie , Dong Xiaobao , Guo Yan , Zhang Jun , Zhao Qiang , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: March 2023

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a primary limitation of breast cancer chemotherapy. The common mechanism of MDR is various anticancer drugs can be effluxed by the cell membrane protein P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Here, we found that ectopic overexpression of Shc3 was detected specifically in drug‐resistant breast cancer cells, consequently reducing sensitivity to chemotherapy and promoting cell migration by mediating P‐gp expression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interplay between P‐gp and Shc3 in breast cancer is unknown. We reported an additional resistance mechanism involving an increase in the active form of P‐gp after Shc3 upregulation. MCF‐7/ADR and SK‐BR‐3 cells can be sensitive to doxorubicin after knockdown of Shc3. Our results indicated that the interaction between ErbB2 and EphA2 is indirect and regulated by Shc3, and also, this complex is essential for activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways. Meanwhile, Shc3 promotes ErbB2 nuclear translocation, followed by a subsequent increase of the COX2 expression through ErbB2 binding to the COX2 promoter. We further demonstrated that COX2 expression was positively correlated with P‐gp expression and the Shc3/ErbB2/COX2 axis upregulates P‐gp activity in vivo. Our results show the crucial roles of Shc3 and ErbB2 in modulating P‐gp efficacy in breast cancer cells and suggest that Shc3 inhibition may enhance the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs that target oncogene addiction pathways.
Moral foundations and future pro‐environmental lifestyles choices in the Finnish population
Authors: Silfver Mia , Niva Mari , Salmivaara Laura , Vainio Annukka
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to examine citizens' perceptions of their preferred pro‐environmental lifestyle choices in the future. We examined how these choices relate to different socio‐demographic factors and moral foundations in a Finnish population survey sample (N = 1,020). Consistent with previous research, endorsing care and fairness foundations related positively to using plant‐based food and local and natural food, as well as using sustainable energy, materials, housing and transportation solutions. However, also endorsing binding moral foundations, loyalty, authority and sanctity, related positively to using local and natural food and to using an electric car or biofuels. Most pro‐environmental practices were related to being a woman, younger age and having higher education, but preferred choices differed according to living environment (urban or rural). We conclude that different pro‐environmental choices are appealing to different socio‐demographic groups with different moral views. Promoting different ways of contributing to ecologically sustainable future could be a way to reach different societal groups. In addition, re‐framing more sustainable practices, such as plant‐based diets, could contribute to such practices becoming a feasible option for more diverse groups. Individuals' preferred future lifestyles are those that align with their moral views, and therefore policymakers should embrace this (moral) diversity in the design of future policies.
Adsorption of CO2 on Activated Carbon, Fe‐Based Metal Organic Framework, ZnO, and CaO for Carbon Capture and Storage Application
Authors: Daud Nor Khonisah , Muthiyah Darshini
Published: March 2023

Activated carbon (AC) from coconut shell, iron‐based metal organic framework (Fe‐MOF), zinc oxide (ZnO), and calcium oxide (CaO) were prepared as adsorbents for the CO2 adsorption process. The adsorption experiments were performed in a self‐designed fixed‐bed small reactor to study the influence of reaction conditions on the CO2 adsorption capacity of adsorbents. According to the findings, Fe‐MOF showed better performance in CO2 adsorption compared to the other selected adsorbents. The results were supported by the high surface area of Fe‐MOF, which was greater than that of AC, ZnO, and CaO. The optimal parameters for CO2 adsorption of all adsorbents were determined in terms of adsorbent dosage, operating pressure, and CO2 adsorption time.
Noise simulation in classification with the noisemodel R package: Applications analyzing the impact of errors with chemical data
Authors: Sáez José A.
Published: March 2023

Classification datasets created from chemical processes can be affected by errors, which impair the accuracy of the models built. This fact highlights the importance of analyzing the robustness of classifiers against different types and levels of noise to know their behavior against potential errors. In this context, noise models have been proposed to study noise‐related phenomenology in a controlled environment, allowing errors to be introduced into the data in a supervised manner. This paper introduces thenoisemodelR package, which contains the first extensive implementation of noise models for classification datasets, proposing it as support tool to analyze the impact of errors related to chemical data. It provides 72 noise models found in the specialized literature that allow errors to be introduced in different ways in classes and attributes. Each of them is properly documented and referenced, unifying their results through a specific S3 class, which benefits from customized print, summary and plot methods. The usage of the package is illustrated through four application examples considering real‐world chemical datasets, where errors are prone to occur. The software presented will help to deepen the understanding of the problem of noisy chemical data, as well as to develop new robust algorithms and noise preprocessing methods properly adapted to different types of errors in this scenario.
Desire for children among male survivors of childhood cancer: A DCCSS LATER study
Authors: Claessens Joyce J. M. , Penson Adriaan , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Kremer Leontien C. M. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , Tissing Wim J. E. , van der Pal Helena J. H. , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Versluys A. Birgitta , Bresters Dorine , Ronckers Cécile M. , Walraven Iris , Beerendonk Catharina C. M. , Loonen Jacqueline J. ,   Dutch LATER Study Group
Published: March 2023

Background

Knowledge of the desire for children among childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) is scarce. This study evaluated the desire for children in male CCSs in comparison with male siblings.

Methods

A nationwide cohort study was conducted as part of the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study LATER study: 1317 male CCSs and 407 male sibling controls completed a questionnaire addressing the desire for children. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the independent association between survivorship status and the desire for children. Furthermore, additional analyses were performed to identify which cancer‐related factors were associated with the desire for children in male CCSs.

Results

After adjustments for the age at assessment, the percentage of men who had a desire for children was significantly lower among CCSs compared with the siblings (74% vs. 82%; odds ratio [OR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46–0.82; p = .001). The association between survivorship status and the desire for children was attenuated after adjustments for marital status, level of education, and employment status (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.61–1.14; p = .250). The percentage of men who had an unfulfilled desire for children remained significantly higher among CCSs compared with the siblings after adjustments for sociodemographic factors (25% vs. 7%; OR, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.48–10.64; p < .001).

Conclusions

The majority of male CCSs have a desire for children. The likelihood of having to deal with an unfulfilled desire for children is 5 times higher among CCSs compared with their siblings. This insight is important for understanding the needs and experienced problems of CCSs regarding family planning and fertility issues.
A container deployment strategy for server clusters with different resource types
Authors: Ouyang Mingxue , Xi Jianqing , Bai Weihua , Li Keqin
Published: March 2023

The method of deploying microservices based on container technology is widely used in cloud environments. This method can realize the rapid deployment of microservices and improve the resource utilization of cloud datacenters. However, resource allocation and deployment of container‐based microservices are key issues. With the continuous growth of computing‐ and storage‐intensive services, it is necessary to consider the deployment of microservices of different business types. This study establishes a multi‐objective optimization problem model with the similarity between containers and servers, load balance of clusters, and reliability of microservice execution as the optimization objectives. An improved artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed for the container deployment of computing‐ and storage‐intensive microservices. The comprehensive experimental results show that, compared with the existing deployment strategies, the matching degree between the container and server, cluster load balance value, service execution reliability, and other performance parameters are improved while shortening the running time of the algorithm. In addition, under the constraint of load balancing, the resource utilization of the computing and storage server clusters is improved.
Isolation of High‐Quality Total RNA from Small Animal Articular Cartilage for Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Takács Roland , Póliska Szilárd , Juhász Tamás , Barna Krisztina B. , Matta Csaba
Published: March 2023

Articular cartilage is characterized by a low density of chondrocytes surrounded by an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of a dense mixture of collagens, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. Due to its low cellularity and high proteoglycan content, it is particularly challenging to extract high‐quality total RNA suitable for sensitive high‐throughput downstream applications such as RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq). Available protocols for high‐quality RNA isolation from articular chondrocytes are inconsistent, resulting in suboptimal yield and compromised quality. This poses a significant difficulty in the application of RNA‐Seq to study the cartilage transcriptome. Current protocols rely either on dissociation of cartilage ECM by collagenase digestion or pulverizing cartilage using various methods prior to RNA extraction. However, protocols for cartilage processing vary significantly depending on the species and source of cartilage within the body. Protocols for isolating RNA from human or large mammal (e.g., horse or cattle) cartilage samples are available, but this is not the case for chicken cartilage, despite the species being extensively used in cartilage research. Here, we present two improved RNA isolation protocols based on pulverization of fresh articular cartilage using a cryogenic mill or on enzymatic digestion using 1.2% (w/v) collagenase II. Our protocols optimize the collection and tissue processing steps to minimize RNA degradation and enhance RNA purity. Our results show that RNA purified from chicken articular cartilage using these methods has appropriate quality for RNA‐Seq experiments. The procedure is applicable for RNA extraction from cartilage from other species such as dog, cat, sheep, and goat. The workflow for RNA‐Seq analysis is also described here. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Extraction of total RNA from pulverized chicken articular cartilage

Alternate Protocol: Extraction of total RNA from collagen‐digested articular cartilage

Support Protocol: Dissection of chicken articular cartilage from the knee joint

Basic Protocol 2: RNA sequencing of total RNA from chicken articular cartilage
New combined impedance‐source network inverter with high gain performance in low shoot‐through and improved quality factors
Authors: Yousefi Moghadam Farshid , Hemmati Siroos , Abbasi Vahid
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a new combined impedance‐source network inverter (CISI) with high voltage gain in low duty cycle is presented. With common ground between the input source and the inverter bridge and a continuous input current, the proposed converter is a suitable choice for renewable energy applications. The duty cycle of the inverter switches is low, leading to a reduction in losses and improving the efficiency. Also, due to the small duty cycle, the modulation index can be increased, and as a result, the quality of output voltages and currents is greatly improved. The proposed circuit has no switch in the input impedance network, and the number of components is reasonable compared to other works. Another advantage of the proposed converter is the low voltage stress on its capacitors and diodes. The proposed circuit is designed and tested at 180 W. The experimental results and the calculated values are close to each other, verifying the accuracy of the analysis.
Cytological and histopathological features of recurrent calcifying aponeurotic fibroma of neck in an adolescent male‐rare presentation of a rare tumour
Authors: Khera Utkarshni , Kapatia Gargi , Gupta Vikasdeep , Kaur Manjit
Published: March 2023

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a rare benign but locally aggressive soft tissue tumour. It is most commonly seen in distal extremities and very rarely seen in head and neck region. In this case report, we describe both cytological and histological features of this tumour in a young adolescent male.
Behavioral intentions assessment of a disposable e‐cigarette among adult current, former, and non‐smokers in the United States
Authors: Russell Christopher , McKinney Willie J. , Fearon Ian M.
Published: March 2023

Modeling the public health effects of e‐cigarettes requires estimates of the likelihood that different individuals and population subgroups will start using e‐cigarettes and subsequently transition to and from combustible cigarette use. To begin to generate input values for modeling efforts, this study assessed adults' behavioral intentions in relation to a disposable e‐cigarette, “BIDI® Stick.” An online questionnaire assessed intentions to try and use a BIDI® Stick regularly in 11 flavor variants among United States (U.S.) nationally representative samples of adult (21+ years) non‐smokers (n = 2284), current smokers (n = 2391), former smokers (n = 2241), and young adult (21–24 years) non‐smokers (n = 1140) of combustible cigarettes following exposure to product information and images. Current smokers rated their intentions to use a BIDI® Stick to partially or completely replace cigarettes. Positive intention to try a BIDI® Stick at least once was, for each flavor variant, highest among current smokers (22.4%–28.1%), lower among former smokers (6.0%–9.7%) and non‐smokers (3.4%–5.2%), and lowest among never‐smokers (1.0%–2.4%). Among current smokers, former smokers, and non‐smokers, trial and regular use intentions were lowest among e‐cigarette non‐users and e‐cigarette never‐users. Approximately 23.6% of current smokers reported an intention to use a BIDI® Stick in at least one flavor to completely switch from cigarettes and/or to reduce cigarette consumption. Low trial and regular use intentions suggest that U.S. adults who do not currently smoke cigarettes and/or use e‐cigarettes are unlikely to initiate use of the BIDI® Stick e‐cigarette. Trial and regular use intentions are highest among adults who currently smoke cigarettes and/or use e‐cigarettes. A moderate proportion of current smokers may try using a BIDI® Stick e‐cigarette as a partial or complete replacement for combustible cigarettes.
Phase center motion based time modulated arrays with preprocessed time schemes for selective harmonic beamforming in B5G communication systems
Authors: Chakraborty Avishek , Ram Gopi , Mandal Durbadal
Published: March 2023

The possibilities of achieving beamforming antenna arrays for beyond fifth generation (B5G) communication systems by controlling the inherently generated harmonic beam patterns in “time modulation” based antenna arrays, are proposed in this article. The idea of “time modulation” is to assimilate an additional dimension “time” by using high‐speed switches for synthesizing the array radiation patterns. This in turn generates an infinite number of harmonic frequency patterns apart from the main beam at the fundamental frequency. In general, harmonic frequency patterns may be regarded as wastage of power, but with proper controlling, these spatially independent patterns created at multiple harmonics can be selectively utilized for specific purposes. In this article, the lower‐order harmonic frequency patterns of “time modulated” linear arrays (TMLA) are exploited to produce simultaneous multi‐beamforming for B5G multipoint communication. The capabilities of selective harmonic frequency patterns for multi‐beamforming are mathematically verified by proposing different beamforming switching network combinations. In this regard, phase centered motion (PCM) based TMLA is examined for simultaneous, as well as, monopulse beam scanning. PCM‐based unidirectional and bidirectional beamforming patterns with optimal time schemes are proposed. The mathematical validation of preprocessed symmetric and asymmetric time schemes, as well as, the PCM‐based optimized selective harmonic multi‐beamforming radiation patterns are discussed in detail to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Global nutritional challenges of reformulated food: A review
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Nwaiwu Ogueri , Obileke KeChrist , Miri Taghi , Al‐Sharify Zainab T.
Published: March 2023

Food reformulation, the process of redesigning processed food products to make them healthier, is considered a crucial step in the fight against noncommunicable diseases. The reasons for reformulating food vary, with a common focus on reducing the levels of harmful substances, such as fats, sugars, and salts. Although this topic is broad, this review aims to shed light on the current challenges faced in the reformulation of food and to explore different approaches that can be taken to overcome these challenges. The review highlights the perception of consumer risk, the reasons for reformulating food, and the challenges involved. The review also emphasizes the importance of fortifying artisanal food processing and modifying microbial fermentation in order to meet the nutrient requirements of people in developing countries. The literature suggests that while the traditional reductionist approach remains relevant and yields quicker results, the food matrix approach, which involves engineering food microstructure, is a more complex process that may take longer to implement in developing economies. The findings of the review indicate that food reformulation policies are more likely to succeed if the private sector collaborates with or responds to the government regulatory process, and further research is conducted to establish newly developed reformulation concepts from different countries. In conclusion, food reformulation holds great promise in reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases and improving the health of people around the world.
The burden of gastrointestinal diseases in Japan, 1990–2019, and projections for 2035
Authors: Shiratori Yasutoshi , Hutfless Susan , Rateb George , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

Disease burden estimation allows clinicians and policymakers to plan for future healthcare needs. Although advances have been made in gastroenterology, as Japan has an aging population, disease burden assessment is important. We aimed to report gastrointestinal disease burden in Japan since 1990 and project changes through to 2035.

Methods

This descriptive study examined the crude and age‐standardized rates of prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of 22 gastrointestinal diseases between 1990 and 2019. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. We calculated the expected disease burden of gastrointestinal diseases by 2035 using an autoregressive integrated moving average.

Results

Since 1990, cancer has accounted for most gastrointestinal disease‐related causes of mortality and DALYs in Japan (77.1% and 71.2% in 1990, 79.2% and 73.7% in 2019, respectively). Although cancer‐associated age‐standardized mortality rates and DALYs have shown a decreasing trend, the crude rates have increased, suggesting that an aging society has a significant impact on the disease burden in Japan. Therefore, the overall gastrointestinal disease burden is expected to increase by 2035. Noncancerous chronic diseases with a high burden included cirrhosis, biliary disease, ileus, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, hernia, inflammatory bowel disease, enteric infections, and vascular intestinal disorders. In cirrhosis, the DALYs for hepatitis C decreased and the prevalence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis increased.

Conclusion

In the super‐aging Japanese society, the burden of gastrointestinal diseases is expected to increase in the coming years. Colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and liver cancers are the focus of early detection and treatment.
Pleistocene environments, climate, and human activity in Britain during Marine Isotope Stage 7: insights from Oak Tree Fields, Cerney Wick, Gloucestershire
Authors: Hogue Joshua T. , Wilkinson Keith N. , Allison Enid , Hill Thomas , Knul Monika V. , Law Matthew , Perez‐Fernandez Marta , Russ Hannah , Schreve Danielle , Sherriff Jennifer E. , Toms Philip , Young Daniel , Westcott‐Wilkins Lisa , Wilkins Brendon
Published: March 2023

Investigations at Oak Tree Fields, Cerney Wick, Gloucestershire, in western England have revealed a sequence of fluvial deposits dating from Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 to 5. At the base of the sequence, a series of gravel and sand facies were deposited, initially as part of a meandering river. Reductions in flow energy of the latter and avulsion led to the development of short‐lived channels and episodic backwater environments, the deposits of which are recorded as Facies Associations 1–3. Poorly sorted, probably colluvial deposits formed beyond the limit of the channel (Facies Association 4). Mollusca, Coleoptera, plant macrofossils, pollen and vertebrates recovered from the channel facies indicate broadly similar climatic conditions throughout accretion. Temperature ranges derived from mutual climatic range analysis of the Coleoptera almost completely overlap with those of Cerney Wick at the present day, albeit that winters may have been cooler when the channel was active. Further, the floral and faunal data suggest that the meandering river flowed through an open grassland environment, the latter heavily grazed by large vertebrates, most notably mammoth. Most of the botanical and faunal remains, together with four optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age estimates ranging from 225 ± 23 to 187 ± 19 ka, suggest correlation of the channel deposits with MIS 7. The basal deposits (Facies Association 1) yielded the majority of vertebrate remains and all the lithic artefacts, most of which seem likely to have travelled only a short distance. Although only a few artefacts were recovered, they add to the relatively limited evidence of human activity from the upper Thames. The channel deposits are overlain by sheet gravels (Facies Association 5) which are attributed to the Northmoor Member of the Upper Thames Formation. These were likely to have been deposited as bedload in a braided stream environment, while two OSL age estimates of 129 ± 14 and 112 ± 11 ka suggest accumulation during MIS 5.
Efficient strategies for preparative separation of iridoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa
Authors: Dai Yingping , Zhang Hongzhi , Wang Xinhe , Chen Yanchun , Fu Qing , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao
Published: March 2023

Efficient strategies for the preparative separation of iridoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with appropriate pretreatment technologies were developed. Four fractions (Fr.1‐1, Fr.1‐2, Fr.1‐3, and Fr.2‐1) were firstly isolated from the crude extract of Hedyotis diffusa by column chromatography with C18, resin, and silica gel materials, respectively. Then, corresponding separation strategies were developed according to the polarity and chemical constituents. High‐polar compounds of Fr.1‐1 were purified by hydrophilic reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode. The combination of C18 and phenyl columns realized the complementary separation of iridoid glycosides in Fr.1‐2. Meanwhile, the improved selectivity caused by the change of organic solvent in the mobile phase was utilized to realize the purification of flavonoid glycosides in Fr.1‐3 and Fr. 2‐1. Finally, 27 compounds (purity > 95%) mainly involving nine iridoid glycosides and five flavonoid glycosides were obtained. A complete strategy was established for the separation of a complex sample with a wide polarity range, to jointly solve the problems of enrichment of target components and separation of structural analogs.
On a problem for a delay differential equation
Authors: Iskakova Narkesh , Temesheva Svetlana , Uteshova Roza
Published: March 2023

The article considers a nonlinear boundary value problem for a linear delay differential equation. To solve the problem, the idea of parametrization method, namely, the interval at which the problem is being considered, is divided into subintervals whose lengths do not exceed the values of the constant delay; constant parameters are introduced at the left ends of these intervals; a new unknown function is introduced at each subinterval. Thus, the problem under consideration is reduced to an equivalent multipoint boundary value problem for differential equations with delay containing parameters. Auxiliary Cauchy problems without delay with zero initial conditions at the left ends of the subintervals are consistently considered on each of the subintervals. Using an analog of the Cauchy formula to represent the solution of a system of linear differential equations on each of the subintervals and given nonlinear boundary conditions, an algebraic system with respect to unknown parameters is obtained. The article proposes an algorithm for finding a solution to a multipoint boundary value problem for differential equations with a delay containing parameters. At each step of the algorithm, a system of nonlinear algebraic equations is solved to determine the values of the parameters, and an analog of the Cauchy formula is used to obtain solutions to auxiliary Cauchy problems. The results obtained are demonstrated on a test problem.
Fidelity of implementing a competency‐based nursing programme during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case study
Authors: Shawa Mirriam , Masava Beloved , Mutimbe Pritchard , Nyoni Tawanda , Mokhele Khantse , Shale Mapoea , Mukurunge Eva , Nyoni Champion
Published: March 2023

Aim

The study describes the fidelity of implementing a competency‐based nursing education (CBNE) programme during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a low‐resource setting.

Design

A descriptive case study research design integrating mixed methods underpinned by the fidelity of implementation framework was applied to assess teaching, learning and assessment during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A survey, focus group and document analysis were applied to collect data from 16 educators, 128 students and eight administrators of a nursing education institution and accessing institutional documents. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics and deductive content analysis and packaging the outcome of the study according to the five elements related to the fidelity of implementation framework.

Results

The fidelity of implementing the CBNE programme was satisfactorily maintained as described in the fidelity of implementation framework. However, sequenced progression and programmatic assessments were not aligned with a CBNE programme within the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Patient or Public Contribution

This paper proposes strategies to enhance the fidelity of implementing competency‐based education during educational disruptions.