bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Disorders of Bone or Osteodystrophies of Jaws—A Review
Authors: Vammi Sirisha , Bukyya Jaya Lakshmi , CK Anulekha Avinash , Tejasvi M. L. Avinash , Pokala Archana , HP Chanchala , Talwade Priyanka , Neela Praveen Kumar , Shyamilee T. K. , Oshin Mary , Pantala Veenila
Published: March 2021

Bone is a specialized form of connective tissue, which is mineralized and made up of approximately 28% type I collagen and 5% noncollagenous matrix proteins. The properties of bone are very remarkable, because it is a dynamic tissue, undergoing constant renewal in response to mechanical, nutritional, and hormonal influences. In 1978, “The International Nomenclature of Constitutional Diseases of Bone” divided bone disorders into two broad groups: osteochondrodysplasias and dysostoses. The osteochondrodysplasia group is further subdivided into two categories: dysplasias (abnormalities of bone and/or cartilage growth) and osteodystrophies (abnormalities of bone and/or cartilage texture). The dysplasias form the largest group of bone disorders, hence the loose term “skeletal dysplasia” that is often incorrectly used when referring to a condition that is in reality an osteodystrophy or dysostosis. The word “dystrophy” implies any condition of abnormal development. “Osteodystrophies,” as their name implies, are disturbances in the growth of bone. It is also known as osteodystrophia. It includes bone diseases that are neither inflammatory nor neoplastic but may be genetic, metabolic, or of unknown origin. Recent studies have shown that bone influences the activity of other organs, and the bone is also influenced by other organs and systems of the body, providing new insights and evidencing the complexity and dynamic nature of bone tissue. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or simply vitamin D, in association with other hormones and minerals, is responsible for mediating the intestinal absorption of calcium, which influences plasma calcium levels and bone metabolism. Diagnosis of the specific osteodystrophy type is a rather complex process and various biochemical markers and radiographic findings are used, so as to facilitate this condition. For diagnosis, we must consider the possibility of lesions related to bone metabolism altered by chronic renal failure (CRI), such as the different types of osteodystrophies, and differentiate from other possible neoplastic and/or inflammatory pathologies. It is important that the dentist must be aware of patients medical history, suffering from any systemic diseases, and identify the interference of the drugs and treatments to control them, so that we can able to perform the correct diagnosis and propose the most adequate treatment and outcomes of the individuals with bone lesions.
Neonatal Septic Shock and Hemodynamic Monitoring in Preterm Neonates in an NICU: Added Value of Electrical Cardiometry in Real-Time Tailoring of Management and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Gatelli Italo F. , Vitelli Ottavio , Fossati Marco , De Rienzo Francesca , Chiesa Gaia , Martinelli Stefano
Published: March 2021

Objective Electrical cardiometry is an impedance-based monitoring technique that provides data on several hemodynamic parameters in a noninvasive way. There is limited information on clinical utility of the application of this technique in neonates.

Study Design In this study, we describe the case of a preterm neonate born at 302/7 weeks of gestational age who developed severe systemic infection with fluid refractory septic shock on day 2 of life.

Discussion Electrical cardiometry was used and proved very helpful in real-time guiding the choice and the dosing of the most appropriate inotrope drugs in this patient. In addition, it promptly underlined an abrupt drop of systemic vascular resistances occurring after administration of the first dose of antibiotic, thus warning the attending neonatologist to institute appropriate treatment before the clinical conditions could further worsen.

Conclusion This case report suggests that electrical cardiometry could be a useful tool in assessing, monitoring, and guiding care of neonates who develop severe septic shock. We suggest that electrical cardiometry is a promising approach in the management strategies of such patients that warrants informative clinical trials.

Key Points
Blood–Brain Barrier Disturbances and Potential Complications of Endovascular Management in Stroke—Technical Note with Limited Review
Authors: Ghatge Sharad B. , Itti Pratik S. , Deshmukh Anjali P
Published: March 2021

Contrast enhancement (CE), contrast extravasation (CX), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), and cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) in patients who have suffered ischemic stroke and have undergone revascularization. There are a handful of articles addressing these pathologies separately. But there is scant literature available combining them together, as the underlying pathophysiology involves disturbances of blood–brain barrier (BBB). We have reviewed literature and proposed a common mechanism for these events. We systematically searched PubMed, LibGen, Cochrane, and Sci-Hub databases for the studies published online regarding CE, CX, HT, and CHS after endovascular treatment for stroke. This review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. The following medical search terms were used for the online search: contrast enhancement, contrast extravasation, hemorrhagic transformation, cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, endovascular treatment, contrast staining, postprocedural attenuation, carotid stenting, intra-arterial thrombolysis, and stroke. We did a limited review of literature by analyzing the relevant articles and research papers published to date. We have randomly included prototype cases of CE, CX, HT, and CHS which we have encountered in our Interventional Department from our own database. In compliance with PRISMA guidelines, we screened 33 articles dealing with CE, 32 with CX, 26 articles that addressed CE and CX both, 53 articles dealing with HT, and 42 articles dealing with CHS. Overall, 88 articles were filtered on studying the abstract. Further, 15 more had to be excluded as reasoned in the flowchart, and finally 71 articles were included in our study, as again shown in the flowchart. We studied and discussed these articles and research papers in relation to pathophysiology, predisposing factors, preventive measures, and current treatment protocols. BBB disruption is the primary event in CE, CX, HT, and CHS with varying severity. Minimizing dose of contrast, optimum timing of revascularization and dose of thrombolytic, judicious selection of mechanical thrombectomy cases, and strict control of blood pressure in postrevascularization period are recommended preventive measures. High-index of clinical suspicion, early imaging to detect, and following-up the same on sequential imaging are key to avoid severe forms of HT and CHS.
An obstruction to small-time controllability of the bilinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Beschastnyi Ivan , Boscain Ugo , Sigalotti Mario
Published: March 2021

In this article, we discuss which controllability properties of classical Hamiltonian systems are preserved after quantization. We discuss some necessary and some sufficient conditions for small-time controllability of classical systems and quantum systems using the WKB method. In particular, we investigate the conjecture that if the classical system is not small-time controllable, then the corresponding quantum system is not small-time controllable either.
Non-orbital characterizations of strange attractors: Effective intervals and multifractality measures
Authors: de Paula Viveiros Alexandre Magno
Published: March 2021

Numerical simulations reveal statistical distributions given by power laws resulting from movements of large quantities of phase points captured by strange attractors immersed in one-dimensional or two-dimensional phase spaces, attractors linked to ten specific dynamic systems. Unlike the characterization given by classical approaches as generalized dimensions and spectrum of singularities, the aforementioned distributions do not have their origin in observations of successive orbits, as consequence properties that would otherwise remain hidden are revealed. Specifically, occupancy times and occupancy numbers associated with small hypercubes that cover attractors obey well-defined statistical distributions given by power laws. One application concerns the determination of the intervals in which the most likely values of those numbers and times are located (effective intervals). The use of the effective interval with occupancy numbers to quantify the multifractalities (multifractality measures) is another application. The statistical approaches underlying the results consist of new paradigms that join the well-known classic paradigms to expand knowledge about strange attractors. The possibility that other attractors immersed in spaces with the same dimensions as those considered here exhibit analogous distributions is not ruled out due to the arbitrariness of the set taken.
Machine learning based approach to pH imaging and classification of single cancer cells
Authors: Belotti Y. , Jokhun D. S. , Ponnambalam J. S. , Valerio V. L. M. , Lim C. T.
Published: March 2021

The ability to identify different cell populations in a noninvasive manner and without the use of fluorescence labeling remains an important goal in biomedical research. Various techniques have been developed over the last decade, which mainly rely on fluorescent probes or nanoparticles. On the other hand, their applications to single-cell studies have been limited by the lengthy preparation and labeling protocols, as well as issues relating to reproducibility and sensitivity. Furthermore, some of these techniques require the cells to be fixed. Interestingly, it has been shown that different cell types exhibit a unique intracellular environment characterized by specific acidity conditions as a consequence of their distinct functions and metabolism. Here, we leverage a recently developed pH imaging modality and machine learning-based single-cell segmentation and classification to identify different cancer cell lines based on their characteristic intracellular pH. This simple method opens up the potential to perform rapid noninvasive identification of living cancer cells for early cancer diagnosis and further downstream analyses.
Probe measurements of electric field and electron density fluctuations at megahertz frequencies using in-shaft miniature circuits
Authors: Hu Yibo , Yoo Jongsoo , Ji Hantao , Goodman Aaron , Wu Xuemei
Published: March 2021

A four-tip electrostatic probe is constructed to measure high-frequency (0.1–10 MHz) fluctuations in both the electric field (one component) and electron density in a laboratory plasma. This probe also provides data for the local electron temperature and density. Circuits for high-frequency measurements are fabricated on two miniature boards, which are embedded in the probe shaft, near the tips to minimize the pickup of common-mode signals. The amplitude and phase response of two circuits to sinusoidal test signals are measured and compared with results from modeling. For both circuits, the phase shift between input and output signals is relatively small (<30°). The performance of the probe is verified in a high-density (∼1013 cm−3) and low-temperature (≲10 eV) plasma. The probe successfully measures high-frequency (∼2 MHz) fluctuations in the electric field and density, which are associated with lower hybrid drift waves. This probe can provide information on the wave-associated anomalous drag, which can be compared with the classical resistivity.
Cathode-sheath model for field emission sustained atmospheric pressure discharges
Authors: Cejas E. , Prevosto L. , Minotti F. O. , Ferreyra M. , Chamorro J. C. , Fina B.
Published: March 2021

The cathode-sheath region of a discharge in atmospheric pressure air with a flat copper cathode is numerically investigated by using a simple fluid model that takes into account non-local ionization. The effects of the cathode temperature are considered. Results are obtained in a wide current density range of 1–102 A/cm2, which spans from normal glow discharge, through abnormal glow discharge, up to the early stages of the arcing transition. It is shown that the glow-to-arc transition arises from a field-emission instability at the cathode when the current density is larger than ∼10 A/cm2, i.e., when the cathode field exceeds a critical value of about 45 V/μm for the conditions considered. It is also shown that the cathode temperature significantly influences the cathode-sheath region. The proposed model is validated by comparing the numerical results with available experimental data.
A next generation ultra short pulse reflectometry (USPR) diagnostic
Authors: Domier C. W. , Zhu Y. , Dannenberg J. , Luhmann N. C.
Published: March 2021

Ultrashort Pulse Reflectometry (USPR) is a plasma diagnostic technique involving the propagation and reflection of ultrashort duration (∼few ns) chirps. The reflected packets pass through a multichannel filter with time-of-flight measurements performed on each of the filtered packets. A next generation USPR system is under development, spanning 28–75 GHz, for use on compact, short duration, magnetically confined fusion devices. This system presents a dramatic increase in performance compared with an earlier USPR system employed on the LLNL Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment device more than a decade ago. The new system replaces upconverting mixers with higher power active multiplier chains to generate mm-wave transmitter chirps, with custom time-of-flight electronics reducing the time per measurement by a factor of 3X. Finally, the system is equipped with a field programmable gate array for data acquisition and analysis.
The imaging fast ion D-alpha diagnostic (IFIDA) on DIII-D
Authors: Marini C. , Collins C. S. , Van Zeeland M. A. , Thome K. E. , Heidbrink W. W. , Lin D.
Published: March 2021

An Imaging Fast Ion D-alpha (IFIDA) diagnostic, characterized by a high optical spatial resolution of ≤2 mm for accurate validation of energetic particle (EP) transport models, has been developed on DIII-D. The diagnostic provides a 2D image in the radial–poloidal plane of the FIDA signal generated by EP emission after charge exchange with an injected neutral beam. A narrow passband filter integrates the FIDA signal in the spectral region of 650–652 nm (blue-shifted FIDA tail), which is mostly generated by co-passing EPs of energies E ≃ 40–80 keV. A beam modulation technique is employed to estimate the active component of the signal, which is then used to compute EP profiles and gradients with a higher accuracy than the standard spectroscopic FIDA diagnostic. The current diagnostic time resolution is ≃3 ms. In this work, the IFIDA diagnostic design is explained and data are compared with the spectroscopic FIDA diagnostic, which shares the same viewing geometry, to assess the improvements in EP profile reconstruction.
Transport of vascular endothelial growth factor dictates on-chip angiogenesis in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Priyadarshani Jyotsana , Awasthi Prasoon , Karan Pratyaksh , Das Soumen , Chakraborty Suman
Published: March 2021

On-chip investigations on tumor angiogenesis, hallmarked by the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, have attracted significant interest in recent times, due to their exclusive capabilities of probing the detailed mechanisms of chemokine transport and visualization of cell-cell interactions that are otherwise challenging to capture and resolve under in vivo conditions. Here, we present a simulation study mimicking tumor angiogenesis microenvironment on-chip, with a vision of establishing the favorable conditions for stable and uniform gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor that plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. The model platform addresses different responses of endothelial cells such as chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and mitosis, under combined convection-diffusion transport in a micro-confined fluidic environment constituting collagen-based extracellular matrix. The model predictions emerge to be consistent with reported in vitro angiogenesis experiments and hold potential significance for the design of organ-on-a-chip assays, disease modeling, and optimizing anti-angiogenic therapies.
Jet propulsion of a squid-inspired swimmer in the presence of background flow
Authors: Luo Yang , Xiao Qing , Zhu Qiang , Pan Guang
Published: March 2021

Inspired by recent studies of a squid-like swimmer, we propose a three-dimensional jet propulsion system composed of an empty chamber enclosed within a deformable body with an opening. By prescribing the body deformation and jet velocity profile, we numerically investigate the jet flow field and propulsion performance under the influence of background flow during a single deflation procedure. Three jet velocity profiles, i.e., constant, cosine and half cosine, are considered. We find that the maximum circulation of the vortex ring is reduced at a higher background flow velocity. This is because stronger interaction between the jet flow and background flow makes it harder to feed the leading vortex ring. Regarding thrust production, our analysis based on conservation of momentum indicates that with the constant profile the peak thrust is dominated by the time derivative of the fluid momentum inside the body, while momentum flux related thrust accounts for the quasi-steady thrust. For the cosine profile, its peak is mainly sourced from momentum flux associated with the unsteady vortex ring formation. No prominent thrust peak exists with the half cosine profile whose thrust continuously increases during the jetting. For all the three jet velocity profiles, added-mass related thrust attributed to body deformation enhances the overall thrust generation non-negligibly. Under the present tethered mode, the background flow has negligible influence on the thrust attributed to momentum flux and momentum change of the fluid inside the body. However, it indeed affects the over pressure-related thrust but its effect is relatively small. The overall thrust declines due to the significantly increased drag force at large incoming flow speed despite the rise of added-mass related thrust. Unsteady thrust involving vortex ring formation becomes more important in the overall thrust generation with an increased background flow velocity, reflected by larger ratios of the unsteady impulse to jet thrust impulse.
Hydration structure of flat and stepped MgO surfaces
Authors: Ding Zhutian , Selloni Annabella
Published: March 2021

We investigate the solvation structure of flat and stepped MgO(001) in neutral liquid water using ab initio molecular dynamics based on a hybrid density functional with dispersion corrections. Our simulations show that the MgO surface is covered by a densely packed layer of mixed intact and dissociated adsorbed water molecules in a planar arrangement with strong intermolecular H-bonds. The water dissociation fractions in this layer are >20% and >30% on the flat and stepped surfaces, respectively. Slightly above the first water layer, we observe metastable OH groups perpendicular to the interface, similar to those reported in low temperature studies of water monolayers on MgO. These species receive hydrogen bonds from four nearby water molecules in the first layer and have their hydrophobic H end directed toward bulk water, while their associated protons are bound to surface oxygens. The formation of these OH species is attributed to the strong basicity of the MgO surface and can be relevant for understanding various phenomena from morphology evolution and growth of (nano)crystalline MgO particles to heterogeneous catalysis.
Simulation of aerosol transmission on a Boeing 737 airplane with intervention measures for COVID-19 mitigation
Authors: Talaat Khaled , Abuhegazy Mohamed , Mahfoze Omar A. , Anderoglu Osman , Poroseva Svetlana V.
Published: March 2021

Identifying economically viable intervention measures to reduce COVID-19 transmission on aircraft is of critical importance especially as new SARS-CoV2 variants emerge. Computational fluid-particle dynamic simulations are employed to investigate aerosol transmission and intervention measures on a Boeing 737 cabin zone. The present study compares aerosol transmission in three models: (a) a model at full passenger capacity (60 passengers), (b) a model at reduced capacity (40 passengers), and (c) a model at full capacity with sneeze guards/shields between passengers. Lagrangian simulations are used to model aerosol transport using particle sizes in the 1–50 μm range, which spans aerosols emitted during breathing, speech, and coughing. Sneeze shields placed between passengers redirect the local air flow and transfer part of the lateral momentum of the air to longitudinal momentum. This mechanism is exploited to direct more particles to the back of the seats in front of the index patient (aerosol source) and reduce lateral transfer of aerosol particles to other passengers. It is demonstrated that using sneeze shields on full capacity flights can reduce aerosol transmission to levels below that of reduced capacity flights without sneeze shields.
Full diagnostics and optimization of time resolution for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Bao Changhua , Luo Laipeng , Zhang Hongyun , Zhou Shaohua , Ren Zefeng , Zhou Shuyun
Published: March 2021

Achieving a high time resolution is highly desirable for revealing the electron dynamics and light-induced phenomena in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TrARPES). Here, we identify key factors for achieving the optimum time resolution, including laser bandwidth and optical component induced chirp. A full diagnostic scheme is constructed to characterize the pulse duration and chirp of the fundamental beam, second harmonic, and fourth harmonic, and prism pairs are used to compensate for the chirp. Moreover, by using a Sb2Te3 film as a test sample, we can achieve a high test efficiency for the time resolution during the optimization process. An optimized time resolution of 81 fs is achieved in our TrARPES system with a high repetition rate tunable from 76 to 4.75/n MHz.
Collective behavior in a two-layer neuronal network with time-varying chemical connections that are controlled by a Petri net
Authors: Bahramian Alireza , Parastesh Fatemeh , Pham Viet-Thanh , Kapitaniak Tomasz , Jafari Sajad , Perc Matjaž
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we propose and study a two-layer network composed of a Petri net in the first layer and a ring of coupled Hindmarsh–Rose neurons in the second layer. Petri nets are appropriate platforms not only for describing sequential processes but also for modeling information circulation in complex systems. Networks of neurons, on the other hand, are commonly used to study synchronization and other forms of collective behavior. Thus, merging both frameworks into a single model promises fascinating new insights into neuronal collective behavior that is subject to changes in network connectivity. In our case, the Petri net in the first layer manages the existence of excitatory and inhibitory links among the neurons in the second layer, thereby making the chemical connections time-varying. We focus on the emergence of different types of collective behavior in the model, such as synchronization, chimeras, and solitary states, by considering different inhibitory and excitatory tokens in the Petri net. We find that the existence of only inhibitory or excitatory tokens disturbs the synchronization of electrically coupled neurons and leads toward chimera and solitary states.
A rectangular collocation multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) approach with time-independent points for calculations on general potential energy surfaces
Authors: Wodraszka Robert , Carrington Tucker
Published: March 2021

We introduce a collocation-based multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method that uses more collocation points than basis functions. We call it the rectangular collocation MCTDH (RC-MCTDH) method. It does not require that the potential be a sum of products. RC-MCTDH has the important advantage that it makes it simple to use time-independent collocation points. When using time-independent points, it is necessary to evaluate the potential energy function only once and not repeatedly during an MCTDH calculation. It is inexpensive and straightforward to use RC-MCTDH with combined modes. Using more collocation points than basis functions enables one to reduce errors in energy levels without increasing the size of the single-particle function basis. On the contrary, whenever a discrete variable representation is used, the only way to reduce the quadrature error is to increase the basis size, which then also reduces the basis-set error. We demonstrate that with RC-MCTDH and time-independent points, it is possible to calculate accurate eigenenergies of CH3 and CH4.
Cognitive Aphasiology – A Usage-Based Approach to Language in Aphasia
Authors: Hatchard Rachel
Published: March 2021

Aphasia is the most common acquired language disorder in adults, resulting from brain damage, usually stroke. This book firstly explains how aphasia research and clinical practice remain heavily influenced by rule-based, generative theory, and summarizes key shortcomings with this approach. Crucially, it demonstrates how an alternative — the constructivist, usage-based approach — can provide a more plausible theoretical perspective for characterizing language in aphasia. After detailing rigorous transcription and segmentation methods, it presents constructivist, usage-based analyses of spontaneous speech from people with various aphasia ‘types’, challenging a clear-cut distinction between lexis and grammar, emphasizing the need to consider whole-form storage and frequency effects beyond single words, and indicating that individuals fall along a continuum of spoken language capability rather than differing categorically by aphasia ‘type’. It provides original insight into aphasia — with wide-reaching implications for clinical practice —, while equally highlighting how the study of aphasia is important for the development of Cognitive Linguistics.
Beat Bad Microbes
Authors: Walker Sue , Halai Manjula , Warner Rachel , Bravo Josefina
Published: March 2021

Health-related information design has made a difference to people’s lives through clear explanation of procedures,
processes, disease prevention and maintenance. This paper provides an example of user-centered design being applied to engage
people with the prevention of drug-resistant infection. In particular, we focus on antibiotic resistance in the specific location
of a community pharmacy in Rwanda. We describe an information campaign, Beat Bad Microbes, and summarize the challenges and
opportunities of working in Rwanda on a cross-disciplinary project in which design research and practice are closely
integrated.
Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy based on a high frame-rate clinical ultrasound scanner: an in-human feasibility study
Authors: Huang Chengwu , Zhang Wei , Gong Ping , Lok U-Wai , Tang Shanshan , Yin Tinghui , Zhang Xirui , Zhu Lei , Sang Maodong , Song Pengfei , Zheng Rongqin , Chen Shigao
Published: March 2021

Non-invasive detection of microvascular alterations in deep tissues in vivo provides critical information for clinical diagnosis and evaluation of a broad-spectrum of pathologies. Recently, the emergence of super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) offers new possibilities for clinical imaging of microvasculature at capillary level. Currently, the clinical utility of ULM on clinical ultrasound scanners is hindered by the technical limitations, such as long data acquisition time, high microbubble (MB) concentration, and compromised tracking performance associated with low imaging frame-rate. Here we present a robust in-human ULM on a high frame-rate (HFR) clinical ultrasound scanner to achieve super-resolution microvessel imaging using a short acquisition time (<10 s). Ultrasound MB data were acquired from different human tissues, including a healthy liver and a diseased liver with acute-on-chronic liver failure, a kidney, a pancreatic tumor, and a breast mass using an HFR clinical scanner. By leveraging the HFR and advanced processing techniques including sub-pixel motion registration, MB signal separation, and Kalman filter-based tracking, MBs can be robustly localized and tracked for ULM under the circumstances of relatively high MB concentration associated with standard clinical MB administration and limited data acquisition time in humans. Subtle morphological and hemodynamic information in microvasculature were shown based on data acquired with single breath-hold and free-hand scanning. Compared with contrast-enhanced power Doppler generated based on the same MB dataset, ULM showed a 5.7-fold resolution improvement in a vessel based on a linear transducer, and provided a wide-range blood flow speed measurement that is Doppler angle-independent. Microvasculatures with complex hemodynamics can be well-differentiated at super-resolution in both normal and pathological tissues. This preliminary study implemented the ultrafast in-human ULM in various human tissues based on a clinical scanner that supports HFR imaging, indicating the potentials of the technique for various clinical applications. However, rigorous validation of the technique in imaging human microvasculature (especially for those tiny vessel structure), preferably with a gold standard, is still required.
BCI learning induces core-periphery reorganization in M/EEG multiplex brain networks
Authors: Corsi M-C , Chavez M , Schwartz D , George N , Hugueville L , Kahn A E , Dupont S , Bassett D S , De Vico Fallani F
Published: March 2021

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) constitute a promising tool for communication and control. However, mastering non-invasive closed-loop systems remains a learned skill that is difficult to develop for a non-negligible proportion of users. The involved learning process induces neural changes associated with a brain network reorganization that remains poorly understood. Approach. To address this inter-subject variability, we adopted a multilayer approach to integrate brain network properties from electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic data resulting from a four-session BCI training program followed by a group of healthy subjects. Our method gives access to the contribution of each layer to multilayer network that tends to be equal with time. Main results. We show that regardless the chosen modality, a progressive increase in the integration of somatosensory areas in the α band was paralleled by a decrease of the integration of visual processing and working memory areas in the β band. Notably, only brain network properties in multilayer network correlated with future BCI scores in the α
2 band: positively in somatosensory and decision-making related areas and negatively in associative areas. Significance. Our findings cast new light on neural processes underlying BCI training. Integrating multimodal brain network properties provides new information that correlates with behavioral performance and could be considered as a potential marker of BCI learning.
Enhancing the accuracy of a data-driven reconstruction of bivariate jump-diffusion models with corrections for higher orders of the sampling interval
Authors: Aslim Esra , Rings Thorsten , Zabawa Lina , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: March 2021

We evaluate the significance of a recently proposed bivariate jump-diffusion model for a data-driven characterization of interactions between complex dynamical systems. For various coupled and non-coupled jump-diffusion processes, we find that the inevitably finite sampling interval of time-series data negatively affects the reconstruction accuracy of higher-order conditional moments that are required to reconstruct the underlying jump-diffusion equations. We derive correction terms for conditional moments in higher orders of the sampling interval and demonstrate their suitability to strongly enhance the data-driven reconstruction accuracy.
Talking about the Application Analysis of Electronic Information Technology in the Internet of Things
Authors: Ye Jingjing
Published: March 2021

With the advent of information and intelligence era, electronic information technology has been rapidly developed and widely used. In the era of the Internet of Things, electronic information technology will continue to play an important role. This article will verify the integration of electronic information technology and the Internet of Things by exploring the application of electronic information technology in the Internet of Things. The integration of electronic information technology and the Internet of Things realizes the interconnection of people and people, things and things, people and things, satisfies people’s needs for information transmission of goods, and provides great convenience for people’s daily work.
Research on The Application of Ceramic 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Zhao Bin
Published: March 2021

Ceramic 3D printing technology is using computer aid design techniques to model and produce ceramic products. The basic principle is through X, Y, Z axis of the ceramic 3D printer displacement layer to create the computer-designed 3D ceramic shape, and combined with traditional pottery hand-made techniques to finally complete it. Analysis and utilize the advantages of ceramic 3D printing technology, in order to inject new vitality into the traditional ceramic production industry.
Low-latency resource elements scheduling based on deep reinforcement learning model for UAV video in 5G network
Authors: Jiang Jilian , Qiu Yuhe , Su Yu , Zhou Jian
Published: March 2021

We consider the problem of resource elements allocation in a network environment with multiple users. Previous studies have done a lot of works using traditional methods in terms of bandwidth allocation, which is sufficient to serve for 4G network. However, it cannot be neglected to provide more efficient and intelligent scheduling policies in haste, due to growing demands on high resolution video and image transmission in 5G network. To fit the condition taking resource elements as scheduling unit in 5G network, we proposed deep Q network (DQN) algorithm based on the requirement of low time latency and high resource utilization rate to solve resource elements (RE) scheduling problem. Ultimately, we give out the optimal allocation scheme of resource elements (RE) for four users in fixed condition of time latency and resource utilization rate.
Research on the Influencing Factors of Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrading Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Shuili Yang , Xiang Lv , Yi Yang
Published: March 2021

Under the background of China’s economy gradually entering the new normal, transformation and upgrading has become the only way for manufacturing industry to improve market competitiveness and sustainable development. In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises, this paper takes 96 literatures on the influencing factors of the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry as the research object, and conducts a systematic study based on the grounded theory. Through the collection, collation and coding of literature, many categories are formed. After analysis, it is concluded that the influencing factors of the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry include five aspects, namely, the willingness of transformation and upgrading, the ability of transformation and upgrading, the environment of transformation and upgrading, the resources of transformation and upgrading and the development trend. Among them, the willingness and the ability of transformation and upgrading belong to the subjective category. Technological innovation ability is the most important factor affecting the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. Accordingly, this paper puts forward relevant strategies and suggestions to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.
Research on the Relationship between Motivation and Innovation Performance of Knowledge Workers Based on Computer Algorithms
Authors: Sun Weixing
Published: March 2021

For many enterprises, knowledge workers have become an important human resource. As the human capital that can add value, the management of knowledge employees has become an important issue of concern for enterprises. At present, there are still some problems in the incentive research of knowledge workers in China, such as the incomplete research object, the relatively single industry, the lack of pertinence and operability of the research content, the lack of tools and methods to measure the incentive effect of knowledge workers. In the management practice, the incentive of knowledge employees is mainly based on salary, with little attention paid to other incentive measures, the enterprise’s understanding of it is not deep enough, the incentive mechanism is not sound, the incentive effect is not significant and other problems need to be solved.
Experimental investigation of the performance of a thermoelectric generator at various operating conditions
Authors: Gao H B , Zong S C , Zhang C W , Li H J , Huang G H
Published: March 2021

Thermoelectric generators (TEG) is the device that can directly convert heat into electricity by the Seebeck effect, which is fascinated for waste heat recovery. An experiment was setup to study the influence of heat flux through the thermoelectric module on the power output and efficiency of a commercial Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric modules. The experimental result indicated that the power output evidently increased with the increasing heat flux through the thermoelectric module (TEM), while the conversion efficiency increased significantly at first then the tendency became mild with the increasing heat flux for a given air flow velocity and flow temperature. The temperature differences across the thermoelectric module are almost identical with various air velocity, while the power output and efficiency increased with the increase of cooling flow velocity with a fixed heat flux through the TEM. The power output and efficiency almost linearly decreased with the increase of cooling flow temperature with a fixed heat flux through the TEM and a fixed cooling flow velocity. The maximum output power can be obtained by maximization heat flux without exceeding the upper temperature limit of thermoelectric module.
Key Variable Screening Method for Complex Industry System Based on Muti-source Monitoring Data
Authors: Wang Wei , Xie Juntai , Gao Zhiyong , Chen Xiangpeng
Published: March 2021

Aiming at the problem that the value density of variables in the state-aware network of complex industry system is low, which leads to poor timeliness of state evaluation, a key variable screening method for state-aware network is proposed. Firstly, a causal network model that can accurately reflect the interaction mode between the monitoring variables of the system is established. Secondly, each node of the causal network can be ranked by the LeaderRank algorithm and the variable set can be divided into multiple sets of variables. Finally, each variable set can be used to evaluate the performance state of the system, and the effectiveness index of variable screening is constructed to evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of the evaluation results of each variable set, then the key variables can be obtained. The Tennessee Eastman (TE) process data is used to test the proposed method, the result shows that the key variables obtained by the method can effectively improve the evaluation efficiency of the performance state.
A new toxic and harmful gas analyzer based on DOAS technology
Authors: Yuan Zhengyang , Zhou Jiayong , Qian Xinyan , Wang Shizhong , Zhao Juntao , Shi Hongqi
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces a new type of toxic and harmful gas analyzer based on DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) technology. Combined with the least square method, it can monitor H2S, NH3, SO2, NO2 and CH3SH online at the same time, and the prescribed minimum is as low as 0.1ppb, the detection breadth and accuracy are higher than those of the current common DOAS instruments.
Dark matter searches using accelerometer-based networks
Authors: Figueroa Nataniel L , Budker Dmitry , Rasel Ernst M
Published: March 2021

Dark matter (DM) is one of the biggest open questions in physics today. It is known that it interacts gravitationally with luminous matter, so accelerometer-based searches are inherently interesting. In this article we present recent (and future) searches for DM candidates such as feebly interacting matter trapped inside the Earth, scalar-matter domain walls and axion quark nuggets, with accelerometer networks and give an outlook of how new atomic-interferometry-based accelerometer networks could support DM searches.
Observation of high contrast ratio asymmetric transmission for linearly and circularly polarized waves
Authors: Wu Xiaohu
Published: March 2021

Asymmetric transmission of light has important applications in integrated photonic systems for communications and information processing. Various Lorentz-reciprocal devices have been explored to achieve asymmetric transmission. However, the contrast ratio is limited. Here we show that the asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized and circularly polarized waves can both be achieved by combining polarization conversion and selective transmission. What is perhaps most important here is that the proposed asymmetric transmission devices for operation at wavelength 633 nm experimentally display asymmetric transmission with contrast ratio exceeding 37 dB and 34 dB for linearly polarized wave and circularly polarized wave, respectively. The high contrast ratios are much higher than previous results in published literature. The proposed reciprocal approach holds promising for utilization in integrated photonic systems.
Impact of microstructures and viscous liquid loading on electromechanical coupling factor and surface wave transference in a prestressed piezoelectric smart material layered structure
Authors: Sharma Vanita , Kumar Satish
Published: March 2021

The electromechanical coupling factor (K
2) is a key parameter in acoustic devices that acquaints the affect of piezoelectricity on the phase velocity of elastic waves. For conventional engineering applications, greater electromechanical coupling factor (K
2) are expected in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. This present study investigates the impact of microstructures and viscous liquid loading on transference of Love-type surface wave in a prestressed piezoelectric smart material layered structure. A micropolar material as substrate is employed for capturing the microstructural influence. The study involves the extraction of dispersion equations for both electrically open and short conditions depicting explicitly the effects of viscosity and density of viscous liquid, microstructural parameters of the substrate, electromechanical coupling factor and material parameters of the prestressed piezoelectric layer. Some particular cases of the problem are derived and the obtained results are matched with the classical Love wave equation. PZT − 5H ceramic material as piezoelectric material and Aluminium-Epoxy as micropolar material, are considered for the investigation. The present study is meaningful in intensifying the performance of chemical and biochemical sensors working in a liquid environment.
79 Relationship Between Depression and Nutritional Status Among the Elderly Attending Selected Primary Healthcare Centers in Lagos
Authors: Akodu B A , Akinwunmi S O , Onajole A
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Depression causes and worsens malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly of the developed world was about 22.6% and about 40% of hospitalized elderly are malnourished while about 4.8% have one major depressive episode in people aged 50 and above. Food rich in omega-3 has antidepressant effect and its low intake is linked with dementia. Decrease dietary folate has been linked with depression. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between depression and nutritional status among the elderly in selected primary healthcare centers (PHC) in Lagos Nigeria.

Method

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage technique to select 219 participants by systematic sampling method from the selected PHC centers. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Nutritional status and Depression were assessed using Mini-Nutritional Assessment and Geriatric Depression Scale respectively. Data analysis was carried out using Epi-info 7.1. Associations were tested using Chi-square for categorical variables while t-test and analysis of variance were used for continuous variables. Associations were statistically significant if two-tailed probability was less than 5% (0.05).

Results

It was found that 57.9% and 47.1% were malnourished and depressed respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the sex of the participants and the nutritional status (p = 0.048). Statistically significant association existed between sex (p = 0.024), marital status (p = <0.001), educational qualification and depression. Statistically significant association between monthly income (p = <0.001), living arrangement (p = 0.002) and depression was demonstrated. There was a statistically significant association between family support (p = <0.001), nutritional status (p = <0.001) and depression. There was statistically significant difference between the height (p = 0.00885), weight (p = 0.00052, waist-hip ratio (p = 0.036) and the nutritional status. Remarkably, there was statistically significant difference between the waist (p = 0.023) and hip circumference (p = 0.047) and their level of depression.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of poor nutritional status and depression existed among the elderly primary healthcare centers.
Prediction of cognitive response to surgery in elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Koman A , Bränström R , Pernow Y , Bränström R , Nilsson I -L
Published: March 2021

Background

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) can be associated with potentially reversible cognitive impairment, which is occasionally mistaken for natural ageing and dementia. The aim was to evaluate short-term medical normalization of hypercalcaemia in surgical decision-making for elderly patients with mild cognitive deficiency.

Methods

Patients with pHPT were included in a prospective observational study. A test panel including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and validated tools for estimation of psychological status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), and muscle strength (timed-stands test, TST) was applied at baseline, after 4 weeks of calcimimetic treatment, and after parathyroidectomy. Mild cognitive impairment was defined by a MoCA score below 26. A longitudinal increase in MoCA score of at least 2 points 6 months after surgery was considered clinically meaningful.

Results

Of 110 patients who underwent testing, 35 aged 50 years or more were identified to have mild cognitive dysfunction, including 19 who were aged at least 70 years (median MoCA score 23, i.q.r. 21–24). Calcimimetic treatment resulted in normalization of calcium levels, and improvements in MoCA and HADS scores, and TST time. Normal MoCA scores (at least 26) were reached in 17 patients by 6 months after surgery, of whom 10 were aged 70 years or older. Long-term increase in MoCA score correlated with the decrease in ionized calcium concentration (r = –0.536, P = 0.022). Baseline calcium concentration and improvement in MoCA with calcimimetic treatment were identified as independent predictors of favourable outcome after parathyroidectomy.

Conclusion

Medical normalization of hypercalcaemia can aid in predicting outcome after parathyroidectomy.