bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radial Delayed Hydride Cracking in Irradiated Zircaloy-2 Cladding: Advanced Characterization Techniques
Authors: Colldeweih Aaron W. , Fagnoni Francesco , Yetik Okan , Zubler Robert , Trtik Pavel , Anghel Clara , Pouchon Manuel A. , Dai Yong , Duarte Liliana I. , Bertsch Johannes
Published: December 2023

Delayed hydride cracking (DHC) has been a long studied failure mechanism of zirconium alloys used as pressure tubes and nuclear fuel cladding materials. However, challenges with DHC research have persisted with regard to testing realistic cracking directions (i.e., radial cracking caused by internal pressures). In this study, new testing procedures using a three-point bend setup alleviate geometric challenges by inducing a radial outside-in crack oriented in the axial direction of irradiated and unirradiated Zircaloy-2 claddings. One part of the irradiated samples stemmed from an inner liner cladding of a fuel rod that had been in use in the Swiss boiling water reactor at Leibstadt, and the other part came from Target-11 of the Swiss spallation neutron source. Radial DHC cracks were analyzed through high-resolution neutron imaging, metallography, fractography, and finite element modeling (FEM). When observed through the precipitation patterns in neutron imaging and metallography, irradiation damage appears to impact hydrogen diffusion, where diffusion seems reduced in irradiated material compared with unirradiated material. Hydrogen quantification around arrested crack tips shows the trend of hydride diffusion during DHC with respect to temperature and unveils the influence of the liner on source hydrogen for DHC. The combination of crack velocity measurements and hydrogen quantification through neutron imaging indicate that excess amounts of hydrogen do not drastically increase the crack velocity. FEM back-calculated the threshold stress intensity factor, KIH, showing a dependence on hydrogen concentration for optimum DHC conditions with a minimum value around 6 MPa√m.
Polycrystalline Simulations of In-Reactor Deformation of Zircaloy-4 Cladding Tubes during Nominal Operating Conditions
Authors: Gicquel Cécilia , Onimus Fabien , Brenner Renald , Helfer Thomas , Masson Renaud
Published: December 2023

Fuel cladding tubes made of zirconium alloys, are subjected in reactor to a complex loading history under nominal operating conditions. Furthermore, they exhibit a complex deformation behavior resulting from irradiation-induced growth, irradiation creep and thermal creep. For design and safety requirements, empirical models are usually used. To have robust physically based mechanical simulations, a self-consistent polycrystalline model has been developed. This model takes into account the various phenomena occurring at the grain scale, such as irradiation-induced growth and irradiation creep. Moreover, this model takes into account the crystallographic texture of the material and the mechanical interactions between grains, depending on their orientation. Furthermore, this model is able to handle complex mechanical loading. This model is first shown to reproduce well an experimental database of in-reactor deformation of zirconium alloys. Thanks to the polycrystalline nature of this model, the effect of grain shape and creep mechanisms at the grain scale on the simulated data have been studied in detail. Next, this polycrystalline model has been introduced into a 1D finite element method code, allowing the computation of stress and strain gradients through a thin cladding tube during a complex mechanical loading. This approach opens the way to physically based mechanical calculations at the component scale.
Understanding the Mechanistic Role of Lithium in Accelerated Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys Using Advanced Characterization and Atomistic Simulation
Authors: Garner Alistair , Gillen Conor , Stephens Gareth , Styman Paul , Armson Sam , Robinson Jacqueline , Liu Junliang , Carruthers Alexander , Pickering Felicity , Sherry Sarah , Chan ChoenMay , Fenwick Mark , Hulme Helen , Ortner Susan , Riley Chris , Grovenor Chris , Frankel Philipp , Middleburgh Simon C. , Cole-Baker Aidan
Published: December 2023

Significant cost benefits through plant simplification can be achieved if a soluble boron-free lithiated primary water chemistry can be demonstrated to be viable for small modular reactor operation. However, the mechanisms of accelerated corrosion behavior of the zirconium alloy clad material under lithiated and boron-free autoclave conditions have yet to be fully identified. Advanced microstructural characterization of selected samples from the testing program, combined with atomistic simulation, have allowed for a significant development in the understanding of the mechanism of lithium-enhanced acceleration under boron-free conditions. Density functional theory has been used to identify the most stable accommodation mechanisms for lithium in tetragonal, monoclinic, and amorphous ZrO2 and its impact upon the defect population at an atomic scale. Atom probe tomography has confirmed that lithium predominantly segregates to oxide grain boundaries under elevated lithium conditions. The combination of modeling and advanced characterization has suggested that lithium-enhanced acceleration is linked to a local grain boundary effect caused by the segregation of lithium that increases the oxygen vacancy concentration within the usually protective barrier layer and leads to accelerated corrosion rates.
Application and technology of an open source AI large language model in the medical field
Authors: Zhang Tairui , Feng Tianyi
Published: December 2023

To explore the application prospects of an open source artificial intelligence (AI) large language model (LLM) in the medical field, we conducted an analysis from multiple dimensions, including the introduction of LLM, the classification of model types, and the status quo of the open source ecosystem development. The development of an open source LLM is currently in the rapid expansion phase, and there are many types of models and related tools. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the models, we expounded feasible technical solutions for the application of an LLM in the medical field and made corresponding predictions. At present, LLMs in the medical field are still in the early stages, and there are still many problems related to ethics, technology, legal issues, and medical use.
Clinical Application of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Antibody Detection Using the Colloidal Gold Immunochromatography Assay
Authors: Liu Lipeng , Zhou Kangping , Xing Yan , Luo Wei , Pei Bing , Xu Junqiang , Yi Lei , Wang Honglei , Wang Juan , Zhang Wei , Yu Fei , Cai Kun , Liu Peng
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a significant effect on global public health, economies, and societies worldwide. Serum antibody testing is a critical method for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and can complement RT-PCR in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients; however, the performance of rapid antibody assays in the clinical setting has not been established.

Methods:

Rapid antibody assays were evaluated by investigating 296 COVID-19-positive individuals and 542 negative individuals confirmed by clinical diagnosis. The clinical diagnostic results were used as controls to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), kappa, and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the rapid tests.

Result:

IgM-positivity had a sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 99.1%. IgG-positivity had a sensitivity of 86.5% and specificity of 98.7%. The sensitivity of combined IgM- and IgG-positivity in clinically confirmed patients was 73.1% in the early stage (1-7 days after symptom onset) and reached 99% 15 days after symptom onset. The concordance between rapid antibody-positive tests and clinical diagnosis-positivity had a kappa value of 0.93. In addition, the false-positive rate of IgM and IgG combined nucleic acid detection was 30% in the early stage.

Conclusion:

The combined use of IgM and IgG could serve as a more suitable alternative detection method for patients with COVID-19. The rapid antibody test can be considered as an excellent supplementary approach for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical application.
Patient‐ and xenograft‐derived organoids recapitulate pediatric brain tumor features and patient treatments
Authors: Lago Chiara , Federico Aniello , Leva Gloria , Mack Norman L , Schwalm Benjamin , Ballabio Claudio , Gianesello Matteo , Abballe Luana , Giovannoni Isabella , Reddel Sofia , Rossi Sabrina , Leone Nicolas , Carai Andrea , Mastronuzzi Angela , Bisio Alessandra , Soldano Alessia , Quintarelli Concetta , Locatelli Franco , Kool Marcel , Miele Evelina , Tiberi Luca
Published: December 2023

Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer‐related death in children. Experimental in vitro models that faithfully capture the hallmarks and tumor heterogeneity of pediatric brain cancers are limited and hard to establish. We present a protocol that enables efficient generation, expansion, and biobanking of pediatric brain cancer organoids. Utilizing our protocol, we have established patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) from ependymomas, medulloblastomas, low‐grade glial tumors, and patient‐derived xenograft organoids (PDXOs) from medulloblastoma xenografts. PDOs and PDXOs recapitulate histological features, DNA methylation profiles, and intratumor heterogeneity of the tumors from which they were derived. We also showed that PDOs can be xenografted. Most interestingly, when subjected to the same routinely applied therapeutic regimens, PDOs respond similarly to the patients. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of PDOs and PDXOs for research and translational applications for personalized medicine.
Fertility and pregnancy in adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Green Deirdre , Dineen Rosemary , O’Reilly Michael W , Sherlock Mark
Published: December 2023

Despite the availability of adrenal hormone replacement therapy, patients with adrenal insufficiency can be affected by reduced fertility and parity. Patients with well-managed adrenal insufficiency are expected to have uneventful pregnancies and favourable outcomes, but an increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications has been reported in some cases. Many physiological changes occur to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis during pregnancy, often making a new diagnosis and management of adrenal insufficiency challenging. The management of adrenal insufficiency also needs to reflect the physiologic changes of pregnancy, often requiring increased doses of glucocorticoid as pregnancy progresses and in some circumstances mineralocorticoid replacement (in primary adrenal insufficiency patients only), especially in the third trimester. To date, there are no prospective data guiding management of adrenal insufficiency in pregnancy. In this review, we focus on the impact of adrenal insufficiency on fertility and parity based on the aetiology of adrenal insufficiency and provide a practical approach to the management of patients with adrenal insufficiency before and during pregnancy.
Return to driving post upper or lower extremity orthopaedic surgical procedures: a scoping review of current published literature
Authors: Khaliq Mehnoor , Giannoudis Vasileios P , Palan Jeya , Pandit Hemant G , van Duren Bernard H
Published: December 2023

Patients undergoing planned or unplanned orthopaedic procedures involving their upper or lower extremity can prevent them from safe and timely return to driving, where they commonly ask, ‘Doctor, when can I drive?’ Driving recommendations after such procedures are varied. The current evidence available is based on a heterogenous data set with varying degrees of sample size and markedly differing study designs.

This instructional review article provides a scoping overview of studies looking at return to driving after upper or lower extremity surgery in both trauma and elective settings and, where possible, to provide clinical recommendations for return to driving.

Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched according to a defined search protocol to elicit eligible studies. Articles were included if they reviewed adult drivers who underwent upper or lower extremity orthopaedic procedures, were written in English, and offered recommendations about driving.

A total of 68 articles were included in the analysis, with 36 assessing the lower extremity and 37 reviewing the upper extremity. The evidence available from the studies reviewed was of poor methodological quality. There was a lack of adequately powered, high quality, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with large sample sizes to assess safe return to driving for differing subset of injuries.

Many articles provide generic guidelines on return to driving when patients feel safe to perform an emergency stop procedure with adequate steering wheel control.

In future, RCTs should be performed to develop definitive return to driving protocols in patients undergoing upper and lower extremity procedures.
Ca2+ concentrations in mouse sperm mitochondria fluctuate according to the cytosol
Authors: Sánchez-Guevara Yoloxochitl , Oliver Enrique I , Nishigaki Takuya
Published: December 2023

In brief

Free Ca2+ concentrations within mitochondria ([Ca2+]mt) in mouse spermatozoa were reported in a micromolar range based on the result obtained with Calcium Green 5N. The results obtained with Rhod-2, Fluo-3, and Fluo-5N suggest that the [Ca2+]mt are comparable to the cytosolic levels at the resting condition and under the condition stimulated by ATP.

Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotic cells and play an essential role in energy production and cell signaling. However, the importance of mammalian sperm mitochondria as an energy source remains to be elucidated because glycolysis is known to be dominant. In this context, one of the functions of mammalian sperm mitochondria is considered as a calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis. Previously, the Ca2+ level within the mitochondria of mouse sperm under resting conditions was reported to be high (in the micromolar range) using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Calcium Green-5N (CG-5N). To confirm this fact, we performed the semiquantitative determination of Ca2+ concentration with several Ca2+ indicators. Although we reproduced the previous report of CG-5N, other Ca2+ indicators do not support the result obtained with CG-5N. The results obtained with Rhod-2, Fluo-3, and Fluo-5N indicate that the free Ca2+ concentration in mitochondria is comparable to that of the cytosol at the resting condition and under the condition stimulated by ATP. Although we still do not understand why CG-5N exhibits a distinct result from other indicators, the regulation of Ca2+ concentration in murine sperm mitochondria is analogous to that observed in somatic cells. Namely, the Ca2+ concentrations within sperm mitochondria fluctuate in response to changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Our results contribute to a revised understanding of the role of mitochondria in Ca2+ homeostasis in mammalian sperm.
Geojournalism
Authors: Stephens Mark , Yildirim Tarik Emre
Published: December 2023

Geojournalism is a growing field within environmental journalism at the intersection of both eco- and data-journalism. It is a new way to combine maps and data with traditional reporting in online platforms to provide scientific evidence for stories and narrative context for data. However, given its novelty, there appears to be little formal recognition of geojournalism in educational and academic contexts. In this paper, we review tools, techniques, and platforms that can be applied by educators and learners to investigate and report on geographic and environmental issues. We also describe examples of geojournalism (blog, radio show, infographic, photostory, and virtual field trip) resulting from collaboration between Geography and Journalism faculty and students at University of The Bahamas. We propose that geojournalism include geography researchers, educators, students, and citizen scientists sharing their knowledge and data with journalists and as well as being trained in journalism themselves. This study furthers the recognition and formalization of geojournalism in environmental communication and higher education.
Molecular Identification of Trichoderma Isolates and Their Effect in Combination with Zyngiberaceae Extracts on Maize Downy Mildew Incidence and Plant Growth
Authors: Aeny Titik Nur , Prasetyo Joko , Suharjo Radix , Akin Hasriadi Mat , Sodiq Muhammad , Dirmawati Suskandini R. , Ginting Cipta , . Efri
Published: December 2023

Research was done to molecularly identify Trichoderma isolates and to study the effect combination of Trichoderma isolates and Zingiberaceae extracts on downy mildew intensity as well as the growth of maize. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The experiment consisted of combination between Trichoderma isolates (no Trichoderma, East Lampung isolate, and Plant Clinic isolate) and Zingiberaceae extracts: ginger/jahe (Zingiber officinale), turmeric/kunyit (Curcuma longa), lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), galangale/kencur (Kaempferia galanga), temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza), and temu hitam (Curcuma aeroginosa).  Variables observed were disease incidence, incubation periode, plant height, and dry matter weight. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance and the difference between means were tested using LSD test at 5% significant level. Based on molecular identification, both Trichoderma isolates (East Lampung isolates and Plant Clinic isolate) are Trichoderma asperrelum. The results showed that combination of T. asperellum isolates and Zingiberaceae extracts lowered the disease incidence of maize downy mildew, prolonged the incubation period, increased plant height and dry matter weight. The best result was shown by combination of T. asperellum isolate from NTF East Lampung and tumeric extract.
Agents of social change in the institutional field of medicine
Authors: Bevzenko Lyubov
Published: December 2023

The pragmatic goal of this article is to study agent activity aimed at changes in the medical institutional field, under conditions of high social instability. The implementation of the empirical part of аrticle required an adequate methodological and conceptual approach, on the basis of which it could be designed and implemented. As a general methodological platform, the author chose the paradigm of complexity, which builds its methodological proposals on the assumption that large complex nonlinear systems change according to laws that are fundamentally different from those by which simple linear system formations function. Society refers precisely to such complex system objects, and therefore the appeal to such a methodological basis is adequate and fruitful. The work offers the author’s view on the processes of social changes, which are conceptualized as the process of changing the social order. The latter, in turn, is considered as a set of all the practices of social interactions that are currently present in society. The key point in this concept is the statement about the presence of two fundamentally different mechanisms of social change — organizational and self-organizational. It is emphasized that high social instability increases the weight of the self-organizing component of changes, which can fade into the background in relatively stable periods. Applying this theoretical framework to the processes in the institutional field of medicine, we get a model of relevant changes, where both organizational (formal rules of the game, laws, government regulations) and self-organization (informal, spontaneously formed rules of everyday interactions in this institutional field) are equally important. Both of these mechanisms have their conductors-agents, through whom they are implemented. The issue of consistency and balance between these different rules of the game is key for institutional management. At the empirical level, the work examines in detail the agentic actions of U. Suprun in the process of her attempts to reform domestic medicine during 2016-2019 (organizational mechanisms), as well as the agentic activity of volunteers from the "Svoi" Foundation, which is headed by Lesia Lytvynova (self-organizational mechanisms). All the features of these two processes of change, their fundamental difference and the complexities that arise in the process of their coordination are shown. The need to build managerial strategies that take these circumstances into account is emphasized.
ativismo transnacional contra a violência policial no Brasil
Authors: Homem Belomo Luan
Published: December 2023

Este artigo estuda a atuação da Anistia Internacional no tema da violência policial no Brasil nos anos recentes. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o enquadramento adotado pela organização por meio de suas publicações oficiais dentro de um período de quatro anos, de 2019 a 2022. Utiliza-se o método de análise qualitativa de documentos amparado em revisão bibliográfica descritiva. Com isso, pretende-se contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da atuação do ativismo transnacional em direitos humanos em um país que atualmente enfrenta uma crise de segurança pública e um aumento de mortes por intervenção policial. O estudo identifica as ações da organização como parcialmente bem-sucedidas no país, apontando aspectos positivos e negativos. Busca-se auxiliar uma área que carece de estudos acadêmicos, expandindo o conhecimento sobre um tema de grande relevância no cenário político contemporâneo.
The Effect of Virotherapy, Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy to Immune System: Mathematical Modelling Approach
Authors: Sa'adah Aminatus , Prihantini Prihantini , Masulah Bidayatul
Published: December 2023

Medical research and therapeutic interventions continue to evolve, and one interesting area of study is the complex interaction among virotherapy, chemotherapy, and the immune system. Each treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to describe how the immune system, tumor cells, and normal cells interact when all three types of therapy are used to treat cancer patients. To determine the effectiveness of various treatments, numerical simulations of eight different treatment strategies were performed. These simulations measured how much the concentration of immune cells, tumor cells, and normal cells decreased as a result of the treatment. Based on the numerical simulations performed, the application of the three types of therapy provided the greatest reduction (99%) in the concentration of tumour cells but also provided a significant reduction (68%) in the concentration of immune cells in the body.
Marshall-Olkin Bilal distribution with associated minification process and acceptance sampling plans
Authors: M R İrhad , AHAMMED E S Muhammed , MAYA Radhakumari , AL-OMARİ Amer
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a new two parameters lifetime distribution, called Marshall-Olkin Bilal distribution is introduced and the structural properties are discussed. The proposed model results from the Marshall and Olkin class of distributions with the baseline model as Bilal distribution. We examined the statistical aspects like moments, quantile function, order statistics and entropy. The hazard function can model increasing and upside-down bathtub shaped data sets. The model parameter estimation is carried out by maximum likelihood estimation and a simulation study is performed. The flexibility of the proposed model is evaluated by two real data sets, compared with the competing models. Its application in time series is studied by the associated autoregressive minification process and the auto-correlation structure is derived. The acceptance sampling plans formulated for the proposed model and the characteristic results are illustrated.
Hostage to Infrastructural Contradictions in the Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh After 2020
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Arkhipova Ekaterina
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article defines the nodal intersections of international transport corridors in the South Caucasus. Nagorno-Karabakh, after the 2020 war, is isolated from the donor country, and the prospects for its existence are beginning to depend more and more on transport diplomacy in the region. Methods and materials. The study is based on the concept of F. Braudel on the territorial organization of space. To analyze the current regional situation around Nagorno-Karabakh after 2020, strategic documents, news reports, interviews, and statements by officials of the countries of the region and representatives of regional powers were used. Analysis. The transport isolation of Nagorno-Karabakh undertaken by Azerbaijan after 2020, while simultaneously developing transport infrastructure bypassing it and the central regions of Armenia, created conditions for a humanitarian crisis in the unrecognized state. During the negotiations with Armenia, the fate of the Karabakh population is becoming more closely associated with the development of transport infrastructure in the region, calling into question the participation of Armenia itself in the development of projects. This situation forces its Prime Minister to take unpopular measures, gradually yielding to Baku’s demands. Azerbaijan, having taken part in the implementation of European transport projects, is developing new ones with the participation of China, Russia, Turkey, and Iran. The unresolved conflict hinders the security of investments in the region. The speed of development of competing transport corridors does not create prerequisites for long-term projects to resolve the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh. Results. Thanks to Azerbaijan’s initiative, new transport geography is being formed in the South Caucasus, creating diversified corridors for Azerbaijan and Turkey, and at the same time increasing the Russian Federation and Iran’s dependence on the level of relations with these states. Taking into account Azerbaijan’s negotiations with Iran as well as Russia’s interest in the development of the North-South ITC, it can be assumed that tougher steps will be taken in the future with regard to the Nagorno-Karabakh as well as the Zangezur corridor.
Ипотечное кредитование и перспективы его развития в России
Authors: Зверев Алексей , Мишина Мария , Кузнецова Ольга , Ребрина Татьяна , Корчебный Владимир
Published: December 2023

В монографии рассматриваются исторические, теоретические и практические аспекты ипотечного кредитования, его экономическое содержание и значение для социально-экономического развития, основные подходы к нормативно-правовому регулированию ипотечного кредитного рынка. Большое внимание уделяется оценке состояния жилищного строительства в России, сравнительной характеристике современных ипотечных программ, реализуемых на жилищном рынке, их востребованности и эффективности, а также анализу тенденций и перспектив развития ипотечного кредитования в стране. Важнейшей составляющей в работе являются рекомендации по дальнейшему совершенствованию российской системы ипотечного кредитования путём внедрения в механизм его реализации современных цифровых технологий. Монография представляет научный и практический интерес для студентов и аспирантов, обучающихся по экономическим направлениям, преподавателей экономических дисциплин, работников финансово-кредитной сферы, широкому кругу читателей, интересующихся вопросами ипотечного кредитования.
Avaliação das alterações do espaço mastigador decorrentes de invasão de neoplasias malignas de cabeça e pescoço por meio de tomografia computadorizada
Authors: Campinhos Mariana Luiza Bittencourt , Curioni Otavio Alberto , Soares Aldemir Humberto , Marcucci Marcelo
Published: December 2023

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de tomografia computadorizada, alterações do espaço mastigador (EM) decorrentes de disseminação de neoplasias malignas originárias da loja tonsilar, trígono retromolar, seio maxilar e nasofaringe, e correlacionar presença de trismo com achados tomográficos e dimensões do tumor. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados prontuários de 65 pacientes portadores de tumores malignos nas regiões descritas. A análise das imagens foi realizada por dois examinadores médicos, separadamente, sem o conhecimento das informações clínicas. Na avaliação do EM, foram considerados: simetria com o EM contralateral; obliteração do plano gorduroso, do trígono retromolar e do espaço faríngeo; edema e/ou atrofia dos músculos pterigóideos medial e lateral; destruição do ramo da mandíbula. Resultados: Foram observados obliteração do plano gorduroso em 69,2% dos pacientes, assimetria em 27,7%, espessamento/atrofia em 26,2% e destruição óssea em 20,0%. Presença de trismo foi encontrada em 15,4% dos pacientes. Na associação entre dimensão do tumor e trismo, foram observados trismo em 90,0% dos tumores em estágio T4, enquanto a porcentagem de tumores em estágio T4 sem trismo foi de 43,8%. Pacientes com tumores T4 apresentaram 11,6 vezes mais trismo que os dos demais estágios. Neoplasias da loja tonsilar e trígono retromolar perfizeram 95,0% dos casos. Em 60,0% dos pacientes com trismo havia edema e/ou atrofia dos músculos pterigóideos na tomografia computadorizada e em 21,8% nos sem trismo. Observou-se associação entre tumores T4 e edema e/ou atrofia dos músculos pterigóideos e 5,4 vezes mais chance de apresentarem trismo. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou obliteração do plano gorduroso, seguido de assimetria e espessamento/atrofia. O trismo estava presente na maioria dos pacientes T4 com espessamento/atrofia dos músculos pterigóideos.
Existo, logo o mundo pensa: Whitehead, Latour e a estética científica
Authors: Pinho Thiago
Published: December 2023

Resumo: Muitos pensam que a capacidade crítica e reflexiva, assim como a postura de acolher a contingência, o outro e o debate, é alguma energia interna e bem intencionada de pessoas com mente aberta, como defendem os liberais, quer de direita, quer de esquerda. O que não percebem é o quanto a capacidade de reflexão e diálogo é um fenômeno externo, presente no próprio mundo, produzido apenas graças a um espaço de resistências, encontros e até frustrações, a exemplo da esfera acadêmica e científica. Ele impede que meu cogito e meus convenientes esquemas epistêmicos saiam do controle, em um delírio transcendentalista perigoso, e se apoderem do mundo e das próprias circunstâncias. O objetivo deste ensaio é justamente compreender essa dimensão estética da ciência, essa característica ontológica que atravessa seus contornos, tomando como ponto de partida os conceitos de “importância”, em Whitehead, e matters of concern, em Bruno Latour.
Yield components and physical attributes of the ‘BRS Magna’ grapevine on different rootstocks
Authors: Grigolo Chaiane Renata , Citadin Idemir , Pereira Edimir Andrade , Oliveira Laise de Souza de , Gobetti Renata Caroline Rossoni , Feldberg Nelson Pires
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Magna’ was released with the aim of improving the colour, sweetness, and flavour of Brazilian grape juice. Therefore, it is necessary to test this cultivar on different rootstocks in order to identify the canopy/rootstock combinations that best contribute to the purpose of the enterprise under cultivation conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the yield components and physical characteristics of the bunch and berry of the ‘BRS Magna’ grapevine. The research was conducted in the vineyard established in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), located in the municipality of Pato Branco, Paraná. The ‘BRS Magna’ was grafted onto 10 rootstocks: ‘Kober 5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘420A’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Freedom’, ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, and ‘101-14 MGT’. For three agricultural years, production, productivity, vegetative vigor, number of bunches, and average bunch weight per plant, length and width of bunch and berry, as well as average berry weight were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed a interaction between rootstocks and production years for all variables. ‘BRS Magna’ showed alternation in yield components, vegetative vigor and physical characteristics of bunch and berry between the evaluated crops. Under the cultivation conditions studied, the recommended rootstock for the ‘BRS Magna’ cultivar is ‘IAC 572 Jales’. On the other hand, ‘101-14 MGT’ and ‘420 A’ are not recommended as rootstock for this cultivar.
Pectin-based edible coating containing gibberellic acid in the post-harvest conservation of fresh tomatoes
Authors: Flores Karina Sayuri Ueda , Oliveira Igor Gabriel Silva , Souza Vinicius Nelson Barboza de , Garcia Vitor Augusto dos Santos , Altemio Ângela Dulce Cavenaghi , Martelli Silvia Maria
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT Edible coating are commonly used as they minimize post-harvest losses and extend the shelf life of fruits. Therefore, in this study, analyzed the effect of edible coatings containing gibberellic acid (GA3) on the shelf life of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Tomatoes were divided into six groups: Uncoated (CT); coating with 75 and 100 mg L-1 of GA3 solubilized in water without adding pectin (A75 and A100, respectively); coating with 75 and 100 mg L-1 of GA3 with added pectin (P75 and P100, respectively); coating pectin only (PEC). Pectin-based coatings (PEC, P75, and P100) were produced by solubilizing pectin (3%) in water, followed by adding different concentrations of GA3.Treatments A75 and A100 were prepared with distilled water and 75 and 100 mg L-1 GA3. Tomatoes (turning stage) were immersed in the solutions for 3 min, dried at room temperature, and stored at 12 °C (90% RH). The pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, color and weight loss were analyzed every four days for 32 days, and the firmness of the tomatoes was analyzed every seven days for 35 days. Coatings with GA3 maintained firmness, delayed weight loss, and decreased acidity, pH, sugar content, and color changes. Pectin-based coatings (P75, P100) were the most effective in delaying weight loss. The application of GA3 associated with pectin-based coatings delayed the ripening process, maintained the quality, and prolonged the shelf life of fruits. As this is an inexpensive technique, it may be used commercially.
Iniciativas da sociedade e comunidades no apoio social a grupos vulneráveis no território: papel da ESF na pandemia
Authors: Mendonça Maria Helena Magalhães de , Soares Mariangela Uhlmann , Spadacio Cristiane , Alves Márcia Guimarães de Mello , Schenkman Simone , Bousquat Aylene Emilia Moraes , Giovanella Lígia
Published: December 2023

Resumo A pandemia ressaltou novos e antigos riscos à saúde que demandam ações sanitárias e formas de apoio social. Este artigo analisou o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde de UBSs sobre iniciativas da sociedade e dos serviços de saúde, articulados ou separadamente na promoção de saúde e apoio social a grupos vulneráveis. Partiu-se da revisão teórica sobre o conceito e sua aplicação e da análise de dados empíricos do estudo multidimensional “Desafios à APS no enfrentamento da COVID-19”, de desenho transversal, com amostra representativa das UBSs brasileiras, em nível nacional e regional. Gerou-se escore a partir de variáveis selecionadas e agregadas e estimou-se proporções de ações selecionadas e IC (95%), no Brasil e suas regiões. Ações a partir das UBSs e da população mostraram-se heterogêneas entre as regiões, sendo significativamente mais frequentes na região NE e em municípios não urbanos e de menor IDH, associando-se às ações desenvolvidas no território pelos ACS. Identificaram-se desafios, lacunas e necessidade de novas investigações; amplificação da magnitude e escopo de ações intra/intersetoriais; fortalecimento de laços entre diferentes atores e reversão dos efeitos da pandemia que aprofundaram desigualdades e iniquidades em saúde.
Civil society and community social support initiatives for vulnerable groups in primary care center catchment areas: the role of the FHS during the pandemic
Authors: Mendonça Maria Helena Magalhães de , Soares Mariangela Uhlmann , Spadacio Cristiane , Alves Márcia Guimarães de Mello , Schenkman Simone , Bousquat Aylene Emilia Moraes , Giovanella Lígia
Published: December 2023

Abstract The pandemic highlighted new and old health risks that require health actions and social support. This study analyzed the knowledge of health professionals working in primary health care centers (PHCCs) regarding civil society and health service separately or along with health promotion and social support initiatives targeting vulnerable groups. The article begins by discussing the concept of social support and then goes on to present an analysis of empirical data from the multidimensional cross-sectional study “Challenges facing primary health care in the response to COVID-19 in the SUS”, conducted using a nationally representative sample of PHCCs. Scores were calculated for selected and aggregated variables, and we calculated percentages for selected actions together with 95% confidence intervals at national and regional level. The percentage of PHCCs that supported actions and where the local community developed initiatives in the catchment area varied across regions, with rates being significantly higher in the Northeast and in non-urban municipalities with low MHDI, which was associated with actions developed in the catchment area by community health workers. The findings reveal several gaps and challenges, including the need to amplify the magnitude and scope of intra and intersectoral actions, strengthen ties between different actors, reverse the effects of the pandemic on health inequities and promote further research.
Impacto da epidemia de COVID-19 na mortalidade em prisões
Authors: Sánchez Alexandra , Toledo Celina Roma Sánchez de , Brito Cláudia de , Pereira Eliane de Lima , Tostes Thiago Amorim , Camacho Luiz Antônio Bastos , Larouzé Bernard
Published: December 2023

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o impacto da COVID-19 na mortalidade das pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL) no estado do Rio de Janeiro e comparar as taxas observadas com as da população geral. Estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, que associa análise de série histórica 2016-2021 de taxa anual de mortalidade, seccional, comparando 2016-2017 vs. 2020-2021 e análise de dados individuais obtidos a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias de informação. A razão de mortalidade padronizada entre PPL e população geral foi estimada para os grupos de causa. Série histórica mostrou queda anual (13%) da mortalidade de 2016 a 2019, tendência que se inverteu em 2020 devido à COVID-19, responsável por 20% do total de mortes. Das PPL que morreram por COVID-19, 54,8% eram idosas e/ou portadoras de comorbidade. A mortalidade por COVID-19 foi semelhante entre a PPL e a população geral, mas a mortalidade por tuberculose e HIV permaneceu muito mais elevada entre as PPL. A pandemia foi provavelmente determinante para a reversão da tendência de queda na mortalidade observada entre 2016 e 2019. A utilização da mortalidade como indicador de saúde e direitos humanos nas prisões por órgãos de saúde, justiça e organizações da sociedade civil implica o aprimoramento da informação sobre PPL no SIM.
Fund transfers for combating COVID-19 from the perspective of municipal managers in São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Duarte Ligia Schiavon , Viana Mônica Martins de Oliveira , Garcia Mariana Tarricone , Rosa Tereza Etsuko Costa , Malinverni Claudia , Neves Miriam Vaz Ferreira , Dantas Luzia Aparecida de Albuquerque
Published: December 2023

Abstract The study examined municipal managers’ perceptions of extraordinary funding and its use to address COVID-19. In this multiple-case, quantitative and qualitative study, using embedded mixed methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted in six case-municipalities in São Paulo state. Secondary data for 2020 to 2022, drawn from information systems, were analysed. The municipalities differed by population, health expenditures and access to federal funding, making it possible to observe different financial management strategies and resource allocation. In addition to the extraordinary funding, considerable budget transfers were found to have been made by Parliamentary Amendments during the study period. In a context where the national Unified Health System is underfunded, extraordinary funding and budget transfers by Parliamentary Amendments often enabled managers to organise municipal health systems to meet their understanding of health needs and possible responses to those needs. Funding to address COVID-19 was allocated mainly to medium- and high-complexity services and to engaging private companies.
O papel dos agentes comunitários de saúde no enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19: o caso de Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Malinverni Cláudia , Brigagão Jacqueline I. M. , Gervasio Mariana De Gea , Lucena Fabiana Santos
Published: December 2023

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o papel dos/as agentes comunitários de saúde na implementação das ações de atenção primaria na pandemia da COVID-19 no município de Peruíbe, São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, orientado pela perspectiva teórica proposta por Lipsky, segundo a qual os burocratas de nível de rua (BNR) têm um papel central na implementação das políticas públicas. A ferramenta de pesquisa foi a entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com quatro BNR (dois agentes comunitários de saúde, um médico e uma enfermeira) e quatro gestores da saúde local. A análise dos discursos possibilitou identificar três dimensões da ação municipal no combate à crise sanitária: a organização do sistema de saúde; as atividades das/dos ACS; e a retomada da rotina da APS. Concluímos que os agentes comunitários tiveram um papel ativo nas diversas ações desenvolvidas localmente para o enfrentamento da COVID-19.
Investigação sobre Atenção Primária durante a pandemia em territórios vulneráveis de Campinas, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Campos Adilson Rocha , Campos Gastão Wagner de Sousa , Gutiérrez Adriana Coser , Costa Patricia dos Santos da , Anéas Tatiana de Vasconcelos , Rosa-Cómitre Ana Carolina Diniz , Nahoum Joyce Alves
Published: December 2023

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 encontrou no Brasil um campo propício para sua propagação. A falta de coordenação de ações do governo federal, em conjunto com uma Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) já fragilizada trouxe consequências para trabalhadores e usuários. O objetivo é analisar a gestão e o processo de trabalho na APS no enfrentamento à pandemia da COVID-19 em 3 municípios, considerando o processo histórico de sua constituição, a relação com o SUS e a APS e o ativismo social em territórios vulneráveis, a partir da percepção de usuários e trabalhadores. Foi realizada busca bibliográfica, observação participante e 97 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS. Os resultados foram organizados em 4 eixos: Implantação e gestão da APS nos municípios; Processo de trabalho na APS; Percepção dos trabalhadores e usuários em relação à APS e o SUS; Territórios, coletivos organizados e ativismo social. Os trabalhadores enfrentaram um ambiente de medo, sobrecarga e mudanças no processo de trabalho, o que não os impediu de resistir e reinventar suas práticas. Os usuários conviveram com barreiras de acesso e dificuldades no cumprimento de medidas sanitárias, mas foram encontradas experiências de coletivos organizados que surgiram como forma de enfrentamento à pandemia.
Research on Primary Care during the pandemic in vulnerable territories of Campinas, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Campos Adilson Rocha , Campos Gastão Wagner de Sousa , Gutiérrez Adriana Coser , Costa Patricia dos Santos da , Anéas Tatiana de Vasconcelos , Rosa-Cómitre Ana Carolina Diniz , Nahoum Joyce Alves
Published: December 2023

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic found favourable conditions to spread in Brazil. A lack of coordinated action by the federal government, together with already weak Primary Health Care (PHC) had consequences for workers and users. This study examined PHC management and work process in response the COVID-19 pandemic in three municipalities, in view of the history of how PHC was set up, its relationship with the national public health system (SUS), and PHC and social activism in vulnerable territories, from the perceptions of users and workers. The study included a literature search, participant observation and 97 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users. The results were organised into four areas: PHC implementation and management in the municipalities; the PHC work process; workers’ and users’ perceptions of PHC and the SUS; and territories, organised groups and social activism. Workers faced an environment of fear, overwork and changes in their work process, none of which prevented them from persisting and reinventing their practice. Users encountered barriers to access and difficulties in complying with public health measures, but the study found experiences of organised groups that emerged as means of coping with the pandemic.
Atuação da APS em tempos de crise: uma análise da discricionariedade dos profissionais de saúde na pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Fernandez Michelle , Magri Giordano , Maia Barbara , Lotta Gabriela
Published: December 2023

Resumo Crises são eventos excepcionais que alteram os arranjos estruturais sob os quais a burocracia de nível de rua (BNR) atua normalmente, gerando insuficiência de recursos, suspensão de regras e de rotinas, e alteração das práticas de trabalho. Essas características ressaltam a importância do espaço de discricionariedade, uma vez que decisões rápidas precisam ser tomadas em um contexto atravessado pela imprevisibilidade. Neste artigo, analisamos o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil na discricionariedade dos profissionais de saúde da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Portanto, o objetivo do artigo é entender quais fatores impactaram a discricionariedade dos BNRs da APS, examinando aspectos organizacionais, emocionais e científicos. Para isso, analisamos os dados de um questionário, com respostas abertas e fechadas, com 1218 profissionais que atuavam na APS em março de 2021. Os resultados mostram que, diferente do esperado, a discricionariedade dos BNRs não se transforma em uma panaceia pela crise. Uma grande parcela dos profissionais seguiu operando dentro das regras, o que demonstrou a tendência dos BNRs de buscar respaldo para sua atuação, seja por melhores condições organizacionais, pela redução de incerteza ou por amparo na ciência.
“Aqui na favela, nada parou”: percepção da pandemia de COVID-19 por homens jovens do Complexo da Maré, RJ, Brasil
Authors: Tramontano Lucas , Nascimento Marcos Antonio Ferreira do
Published: December 2023

Resumo Este artigo discute as percepções de homens jovens moradores do Complexo da Maré, no Rio de Janeiro, sobre a pandemia de COVID-19 e as práticas de prevenção adotadas. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com homens entre 18 e 29 anos, obtidas no final de 2022, analisadas a partir da análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados apontam adesão parcial dos jovens às práticas de prevenção preconizadas, com pouco distanciamento social, mas um alto índice de vacinação e resistência a discursos negacionistas, apesar de descreverem a favela como um ambiente pouco atento à pandemia. Fatores como escolaridade e fragilidade dos contratos de trabalho foram preponderantes nas estratégias de prevenção. A internet se destaca como a principal fonte de informação acessada por essa população e pode ser estratégica para a comunicação e educação em saúde de homens jovens no futuro.