bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estoque de nutrientes e decomposição de serapilheira em matas ciliares do bioma Cerrado em Coxim - MS, Brasil
Authors: Costa Carla Messias , Costa Poliana Ferreira da , Oliveira Hygor Rodrigues de , Assis Vilma Portilho de , Freita Leonardo Neves de
Published: February 2022

A serapilheira é considerada como um dos principais componentes-chave no processo de funcionamento dos ecossistemas florestais. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a dinâmica de decomposição de serapilheira foliar se correlaciona com variáveis ambientais e pode ser empregada como indicadora ambiental da ciclagem de nutrientes em duas áreas de matas ciliares (Área Córrego Criminoso e Área do Rio Taquari), localizadas no bioma Cerrado, no município de Coxim – MS, Brasil. Para a avaliação das taxas de decomposição e teores de nutrientes na serapilheira, foram coletadas folhas recém-caídas, posteriormente submetidas à secagem, pesagem e acondicionamento em 30 litterbags (25 cm x 25 cm), distribuídos aleatoriamente na superfície do solo em cada área de estudo. Da serapilheira acumulada em cada área, realizou-se a análise química dos nutrientes Cu, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, K. A massa remanescente foliar foi equivalente em ambas às áreas, ao final dos 150 dias de estudo, detendo de um percentual de 74,4%. A decomposição da fração foliar teve maior correlação com a temperatura do ar do que com a precipitação pluviométrica. Na serapilheira na Área Rio Taquari houve menores concentrações de nutrientes Cu, K e Fe quando comparada à Área Córrego Criminoso. De modo geral, a serapilheira se correlacionou com variável ambiental (temperatura do ar) e pode ser considerada uma indicadora de ciclagem de nutrientes em áreas de matas ciliares no Cerrado.
Gross Local Happiness
Authors: Lhundup Tsewang
Published: February 2022

The 21st century promises to be the "century of interdependence." Yet, growing interdependence is no guarantee for greater equity of sustainable and just development. To ensure that increasing interdependence leads to an extending and deepening mind, the education system must appropriately respond to and coordinate the complex dynamics that characterize 21st century social, economic, political, and cultural realities.  The consensus from the students, teachers, parents, and policymakers throughout Bhutan is clear. Ancient wisdom needs to be integrated into the future Education system. This paper proposes forging a coordinated approach to an educational system systematically informed by traditional conceptual resources, which is consonant with future education systems to 'form the mind' rather than 'filling' it.  Such an educational system would organically develop the body, speech, and mind while effectively interacting with people, culture, and environment. In particular, it will secure emotional intelligence and mental balance. That is essential to stay relevant and stay ahead in the age of algorithms.
Gadepædagogiske greb om ungdom, udsathed og fællesskaber
Authors: Falkenberg Helene , Hansen Rasmus Præstmann
Published: February 2022

ResuméArtiklen sætter fokus på gadeidrættens fritids- og ungdomspædagogiske potentialer og bidrager med viden om nye former for fritidsorganiseringer omkring gadekulturelle praksisser, f.eks. skateboarding, parkour og panna. Vi zoomer ind på, hvilke forhåbninger gadeidrættens aktører har til gadepædagogiske praksisser, og hvordan disse forhåbninger rummer en rettethed mod at skabe fællesskaber blandt udsatte unge. Gennem et interviewbaseret empirisk studie fremanalyserer vi to forskellige, men forbundne forhåbninger om dels gadeidrættens pædagogiske bidrag i forhold til udsatte ungdomsliv og dels orkestreringen af ungefællesskaber via gadeidrætsaktiviteter. Analyserne afslører det høje ambitionsniveau, der cirkulerer omkring gadeidrættens fritidsorganiseringer om at bidrage til sociale forandringer og fællesskaber gennem gadepædagogiske praksisser i storbyen.

AbstractThis article focuses on the pedagogical potentials of street sport projects as organised leisure sites for socially vulnerable youth. The article aims to contribute to knowledge of new organisational sites for young people´s leisure activities embedded in street cultures, for example skateboarding, parkour and panna. The paper illuminates through an interview-based empirical study how street pedagogical hopes function in street sport projects. The analysis shows how these hopes frame the desires of different street sport project organisers to orchestrate communities among socially vulnerable youth. In conclusion, the paper reveals the high ambitions that circulate around these street sport project to create social change and communities for socially vulnerable youth through urban street pedagogical practices.
Pædagogstuderende kan nå til forståelse af det almene gennem personlige fortællinger med afsæt i privatfotos
Authors: Nielsen Andreas
Published: February 2022

ResumeI denne artikel undersøger jeg, hvordan studerende på pædagoguddannelsen kan udvikle et kropsligt stemt og etisk retningsgivende sprog ved at fortælle om egne livserfaringer med afsæt i privatfotos. I analysen viser jeg, hvordan abstrakte ord som fx fællesskab, livskvalitet, frihed og dannelse bliver stemt af de studerendes egne livserfaringer, når de i undervisningen med afsæt i privatfotos fortæller om væsentlige hændelser i deres eget liv. Den kropsfænomenologiske analyse viser, at stemtheden kommer til udtryk i deres kropssprog, fx i stemme og ansigtsmimik, og forplanter sig til tilhørerne gennem interkropslig resonans. Dermed synes der i undervisningsrummet at opstå en form for samstemthed, som giver den faglige samtale mening og substans. På baggrund af analysen argumenterer jeg for, at pædagogstuderende i højere grad, end det nu er tilfældet, bør have mulighed for at øve sig i at være til stede i ordene og i samtalen som personer; som subjekter, dvs. med deres egen krop og historie. Det gør det også muligt at erfare, at forståelse hermeneutisk betragtet er noget, vi kommer til forskellige steder fra, fx har vi hver især mødt og oplevet fænomenet fællesskab på forskellige måder. Det er ikke bare en vigtig erkendelsesmæssig pointe, men også en etisk og dannelsesmæssig: At undersøge og tage stilling til, hvad de værdier, som ordene er behæftet med, egentlig betyder, er også forbundet med at undersøge og lytte til, hvad de betyder for andre.

AbstractPedagogy students can reach an understanding of the general through personal stories based on private photos – Resonance, education and ethicsIn this article, I investigate how pedagogy students can develop a bodily founded and ethically guiding language by telling about their own life experiences based on private photos. I analyse how abstract words such as community, quality of life and freedom are affectively attuned by the students’ own life experiences. The phenomenological analysis shows that this affective attunement is expressed in their body language, for example in their voice and facial expressions, and spreads to the audience through inter bodily resonance. Thus, a form of shared affective attunement seems to arise in the classroom, which gives the academic conversation meaning and substance. Also, the students seem to get the opportunity to practice being present in words and in conversation as persons; as subjects, i.e. with their own body and history.
Anmeldelser 2008
Authors: Arkæologisk Selskab Jysk
Published: February 2022

Thorkild Andersen: Datering af fortiden. Om det første danske kulstof-14 laboratorium.(Nina Helt Nielsen)Pauline Asingh & Niels Lynnerup (eds.): Grauballe Man – An Iron Age Bog Body Revisited.(Wijnand A.B. van der Sanden)Elisabeth Beausang: Childbirth and Mothering in Archaeology.(Jeanette Varberg)Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson & Lena Holmquist Olausson: The Oriental Mounts from Birka’s Garrison. An expression of warrior rank & status.(Andres S. Dobat)Michael Cremo & Richard Thompson: Forbudt Arkæologi.(Jeanette Varberg)Anne Katrine Gjerløff: Fejder om fortiden.(Lars Schreiber Pedersen)Joakim Goldhahn: Hällbildsstudier i Norra Europa – trender och tradition under det nya millenniet.(Flemming Kaul)James Graham-Campbell med Magdalena Valor (red.): The Archaeology of Medieval Europe.(Michael Andersen)D.A. Hepp, R. Wiechmann, H. Paulsen, H. Kroll, D. M. Wilson, K. Schietzel og C. Radtke (red.): Ausgrabungen in Haithabu.(Hans Skov)Anders Högberg & Deborah Olausson: Scandinavian Flint – an Archaeological Perspective.(Berit V. Eriksen)Jørgen Jensen: Et archæologisk Vikingetogt. J.J.A. Worsaaes rejse til England, Skotland og Irland 1846-47.(Jens B. Skriver)Knud J. Krogh: Gåden om Kong Gorms Grav. Historien om Nordhøjen i Jelling. Vikingekongernes monumenter i Jelling.(Jens Jeppesen)Knud J. Krogh og Bodil Leth-Larsen: Hedensk og Kristent. Fundene fra den kongelige gravhøj i Jelling. Vikingekongernes monumenter i Jelling.(Jens Jeppesen)U.M. Meier: Die früh- und hochmittelalterliche Siedlung bei Schuby, Kreis Schleswig-Flensburg.(Hans Skov)Magdalene S. Midgley: The Megaliths of Northern Europe.(Niels H. Andersen)Marianne Rasmussen (red.): Iron Houses in Flames. Testing house reconstructions at ­Lejre.(Jørgen Lund)Penelope Walton Rogers: Cloth and Clothing in Early Anglo-Saxon England, AD 450-700.(Lise Bender Jørgensen)Søren Michael Sindbæk: Ruter og rutinisering. Vikingetidens fjernhandel i Nordeuropa.(Ingvild Øye)J.P. Taavitsainen, Janne Vilkuna & Henry Forssell: Suojoki at Keuruu – a mid 14th-century site of the wilderness culture in the light of settlement historical processes in Central Finland.(Poul Baltzer Heide)
Anmeldelser 2009
Authors: Arkæologisk Selskab Jysk
Published: February 2022

Emma Bentz: I stadens skugga. Den medeltida landsbygden som arkeologiskt forskningsfält(Mette Svart KristiansenLine Bjerg: Romerske Denarfund fra Jyske Jernalderbopladser – En Arkæologisk Kulegravning(Thomas Grane)Helen Clarke & Kristina Lamm (red.): Excavations at Helgö XVII(Margrethe Watt)Walter Dörfler & Johannes Müller (red.): Umwelt – Wirtschaft – Siedlungen im dritten vorchristlichen Jahrtausend Mitteleuropas und Südskandinaviens. Internationale Tagung Kiel 4.-6. November 2005(John Simonsen)Peter Gammeltoft, Søren Sindbæk & Jens Vellev (red.): Regionalitet i Danmark i vikingetid og middelalder. Tværfagligt symposium på Aarhus Universitet 26. januar 2007(Karl-Erik Frandsen)Annika Larsson: Klädd Krigare. Skifte i skandinaviskt dräktskick kring år 1000(Ulla Mannering)Henriette Lyngstrøm: Dansk Jern: en kulturhistorisk analyse af fremstilling, fordeling og forbrug(Jørgen A. Jacobsen)Søren Olsen: Udflugt til fortiden. Guide til 80 gådefulde fortidsminder i Danmark(Palle Eriksen)Ditlev L. Mahler: Sæteren ved Argisbrekka. Økonomiske forandringer på Færøerne i vikingetid og tidlig middelalder(Hans Skov) Peter Rowley-Conwy: From Genesis to Prehistory. The Archaeological Three Age System and its contested reception in Denmark, Britain, and Ireland(Anne Katrine Gjerløff)Henrik Skousen: Arkæologi i lange baner. Undersøgelser forud for anlæggelsen af motorvejennord om Århus 1998-2007(Lotte Hedeager)Dagfinn Skre (red.): Means of Exchange. Dealing with Silver in the Viking Age(Jens Christian Moesgaard)David M. Wilson: The Vikings in the Isle of Man(Ray Moore)
Umbu-cajazeira: descrição e técnicas de cultivo
Authors: Souza Francisco Xavier de , Porto Filho Francisco de Queiroz , Mendes Nouglas Veloso Barbosa
Published: February 2022

Árvore frutífera, xerófita, da família Anacardiácea e do gênero Spondias, mas ainda sem nome especifíco. Nativa do semiárido brasileiro, onde existe uma grande população de plantas centenárias e produtivas, clonadas por estaquia, dispersas, notadamente em quintais, produzindo milhões de toneladas de frutos para as CEASAs e agroindústrias, é a principal matéria-prima de muitas fábricas. Igualmente às outras Spondias, seus frutos são chamados por diversos nomes comuns: umbu-cajá, cajá-umbu, cajarana, cajazinha, cajá-amarelo, cajá-do-sertão, umbu-amarelo e também umbu ou cajá. Dessa forma, são disseminadas informações equivocadas que tornam imprecisos os dados de produção do IBGE e das CEASAs impedindo a identidade nominal, a mensuração do real volume de produção e a sua importância agrossocioeconômica. Daí a necessidade de citações idôneas e fidedignas. A umbu-cajazeira é pouco pesquisada – esta obra consiste em um compêndio de informações obtidas através de trabalhos experimentais, análises, interpretação, adaptação, visitas de campo, contatos e conhecimentos tácitos de produtores. Contém conhecimentos e informações aplicáveis à sua cadeia produtiva, que podem ser úteis para a tomada de decisões estratégicas de gestão e de operacionalização para agricultores familiares, empreendedores, órgãos de assistência técnica, P&DI, agroindústrias, instituições de fomento e formuladores de políticas públicas para alavancar com sustentabilidade esse importante agronegócio.
Novel insights from a multiomics dissection of the Hayflick limit
Authors: Chan Michelle , Yuan Han , Soifer Ilya , Maile Tobias M , Wang Rebecca Y , Ireland Andrea , O'Brien Jonathon J , Goudeau Jérôme , Chan Leanne JG , Vijay Twaritha , Freund Adam , Kenyon Cynthia , Bennett Bryson D , McAllister Fiona E , Kelley David R , Roy Margaret , Cohen Robert L , Levinson Arthur D , Botstein David , Hendrickson David G
Published: February 2022

The process wherein dividing cells exhaust proliferative capacity and enter into replicative senescence has become a prominent model for cellular aging in vitro. Despite decades of study, this cellular state is not fully understood in culture and even much less so during aging. Here, we revisit Leonard Hayflick’s original observation of replicative senescence in WI-38 human lung fibroblasts equipped with a battery of modern techniques including RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, proteomics, metabolomics, and ATAC-seq. We find evidence that the transition to a senescent state manifests early, increases gradually, and corresponds to a concomitant global increase in DNA accessibility in nucleolar and lamin associated domains. Furthermore, we demonstrate that senescent WI-38 cells acquire a striking resemblance to myofibroblasts in a process similar to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is regulated by t YAP1/TEAD1 and TGF-β2. Lastly, we show that verteporfin inhibition of YAP1/TEAD1 activity in aged WI-38 cells robustly attenuates this gene expression program.
Longitudinal measurement of the vocabulary size of Japanese junior high school students: Developing a vocabulary size test for beginner learners
Authors: Sato Tsuyoshi
Published: February 2022

As vocabulary plays an important part in L2 learning at the beginner level, investigation into vocabulary learning constitutes an essential part of second language acquisition research (Koda, 1989, Laufer, 1992, Meara, 1992). Assuming the case of Japanese, English education can provide a meaningful example. In addition, noting that precise measurements of the English vocabulary size of Japanese junior high school students have not been attained (Katagiri, 2000), the present study examines the growth of vocabulary size of Japanese junior high school students across their 3 years of English learning. For this purpose, a vocabulary size test (VST) was specially developed with a word list compiled from Japanese junior high school English textbooks based on the frequency and range of their vocabulary items (Sato, 2016). A total of 159 junior high school students participated in the research. The vocabulary size of the participants was measured five times over the period of 3 academic years at intervals of 6 months. Analysis of their vocabulary growth by frequency revealed a distinctive pattern for each level, yielding implications for more effective vocabulary teaching for learners at the beginner level in light of the characteristics of their vocabulary growth.
Effect of Erosive Challenges on Microhardness of Three Different Nanocomposites: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Reddy Poreddy Sathyanarayana , Bhavani Gondi Durga , Gupta Kasamsetty Archana , Madhav Vitta Harish , Jahagirdar Divya , Erugula Sridhar Reddy
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The loss of tooth structure in natural tooth can be attributed to several aetiological factors like dental caries, traumatic injuries and non carious lesions like attrition, abrasion, erosion. All the lesions result in loss of enamel and dentin which eventually need to be replaced with restorative materials. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different acidic solutions on the surface microhardness of three different nanocomposite restorative materials after one day and six weeks time interval. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study comprised of three different composite resin materials, Filtek Z 350 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Ceram X Mono (Dentsply, Konstanz, India) and Tetric N Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Twenty four samples were divided into three groups. Group I: Eight specimens of each restorative material were immersed individually in 10 mL of artificial saliva. Group II: Eight specimens of each restorative material were immersed in artificial saliva for four hours and later immersed for five minutes in a tube containing 10 mL of coca cola under stirring and later stored in artificial saliva. This process was repeated for three times a day. Group III: Eight specimens of each test material were individually immersed in artificial saliva for four hours and later immersed in 10 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl) for five minutes under stirring and later stored in artificial saliva. This process was done three times a day. Vicker’s diamond indenter was used to test the microhardness. Paired t-test, independent t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (one-way ANOVA) and post hoc test were used for analysis. Results: There was no significant statistical difference (p-value >0.05) in the surface microhardness between all the tested solutions after day 1 time period of Filtek Z 350. There was significant difference of the surface microhardness between all the groups in all the solutions except for Filtek Z 350 and Ceram X Mono in HCl solution at 6 weeks. Conclusion: There was statistically significant reduction in surface microhardness of the three composites immersed in all the three solutions of artificial saliva, coca cola and hydrochloric acid after day 1 and six weeks time interval
Addressing Self-Injury Stigma: The Promise of Innovative Digital and Video Action-Research Methods
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Heath Nancy L. , Whitley Rob
Published: February 2022

Stigma associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), the deliberate damage of one’s body tissue for non-lethal reasons, is highly complex, far-reaching, and can have profound effects (e.g., shame, low self-esteem, thwarted help-seeking) on individuals with lived experience of NSSI. In concert with calls for greater inclusion of people with lived experience in NSSI research and advocacy, there are several robust and potentially impactful visual and digital research methods that directly involve individuals with lived experience, and which carry potential to tackle stigma. These methods, namely digital storytelling, photovoice, and participatory video, are largely underrepresented in contemporary NSSI research. Hence, the present commentary presents a concise overview of these methods and highlights their potential to address NSSI stigma.
Animasi 2D Motion Graphic “Zeta dan Dimas” sebagai Media Pendidikan Berlalu Lintas bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Afif Riky Taufik
Published: February 2022

Anak usia dini pada dasarnya perlu input pendidikan tata nilai tentang kehidupan sosial. Salah satunya adalah tentang cara mereka bersikap tentang berlalu lintas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung memiliki Taman Pendidikan Lalu Lintas yang diberi nama Taman Pacantells. Di Taman Pacantells terdapat instrumen dan alat pendidikan seputar lalu lintas di jalan raya. Alat peraga dan adanya taman Pacantells dianggap kurang dan perlu adanya sebuah tayangan animasi yang bersifat menjelaskan kepada anak usia dini tentang tertib dan aman berlalu lintas di jalan. Tayangan animasi motion graphic ini menampilkan tokoh karakter yang juga adalah maskot dari Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bandung yaitu Zeta dan Dimas yang memandu penonton dari kalangan anak usia dini di Taman Pacantells mendapatkan panduan tentang bagaimana bersikap yang baik dalam berlalu lintas seperti ketika menyeberang, berjalan di tepi jalan, macam-macam rambu-rambu lalu lintas dan lain sebagainya.
The Use of Advanced Integrative Therapy with C-PTSD and Intergenerational Trauma Transmission
Authors: Bird Weaver Tabatha
Published: February 2022

Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) pose health problems in the United States, and intergenerational relational trauma plays a role in the continuation and transmission of these issues. Advanced Integrative Therapy (AIT), a novel treatment, was used to treat a case of C-PTSD. The client’s chief concern was a flare-up of anxiety, relational distress, and fibromyalgia that occurred when they (chosen pronoun) accepted custody of their nephew. Over a span of nine 90-minute sessions, the clinician assessed progress using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5; Weathers et al., 2013) to measure PTSD symptoms; the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ; Cloitre et al., 2018), which measures C-PTSD symptoms according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (ICD-11); the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS; Pianta, 1992), which measures connection and conflict in the caregiver-child relationship; and the Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) scale (Wolpe, 1969), which rates the client’s current level of distress or discomfort. The clinician also used the self-report questionnaire Helpful Aspects of Therapy (HAT; Llewelyn et al., 1988) and the Change Interview (CI) method (Elliott et al., 2001) to measure client experience and perspective. After treatment with AIT, the client no longer met criteria for C-PTSD and showed dramatic improvement in intergenerational relationship satisfaction. In addition, there was a rapid reduction of hard to eradicate C-PTSD symptoms as well as reduction in the quantity and intensity of fibromyalgia induced pain. Use of AIT with caregivers could interrupt the transmission of intergenerational trauma thereby reducing or preventing ACEs by increasing emotional regulation and resilience.
Journal Club Review of “Comparison of Two Rituximab Induction Regimens for Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody–Associated Vasculitis: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis”
Authors: Elfishawi Mohanad
Published: February 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two rituximab (RTX) regimens for the induction of remission in severe antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV): the four‐dose (375 mg/m2 intravenously weekly) versus the two‐dose (1000 mg intravenously biweekly) regimen.

Methods

A systematic review was performed to identify studies using the four‐ and/or two‐dose RTX regimens for induction of remission in severe AAV. Disease status 6 months after RTX infusion was required for inclusion. Patients were excluded if they received concomitant cyclophosphamide or plasma exchange. The primary end point was the proportion of patients in complete remission at 6 months. The pooled estimate was obtained by using meta‐analysis methods for proportions with random effects. Secondary end points included antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody status, number of patients with B‐cell depletion, mean prednisone dose, infections, and death.

Results

A total of 27 studies and 506 patients were included for analysis: 361 patients received the four‐dose regimen, and 145 patients received the two‐dose regimen. Most patients had relapsing disease at inclusion (83% and 92% of patients, respectively). There was no significant difference between the four‐ and two‐dose regimens, with a complete remission achieved in 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70‐96) and 91% (95% CI: 79‐99) of patients, respectively. At 6 months, both regimens were associated with a similar mean daily prednisone dose (8.1 mg), infections (12% in both), and death (1% vs. 0%, respectively).

Conclusion

No difference was found in terms of efficacy or safety between the four‐ and two‐dose RTX regimens for induction of remission in severe AAV.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr2.11274

Bénard V, Farhat C, Zarandi‐Nowroozi M, Durand M, Charles P, Puéchal X, et al. Comparison of two rituximab induction regimens for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody–associated vasculitis: systematic review and meta‐analysis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2021;3:484–94.
Effect of Al Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlxCrCoNi Medium Entropy Alloys Prepared via the Magnetron Co‐Sputtering
Authors: Sun Shuo , Zai Wei , Chen Yan , Huang Licheng , Sun Guixun , Lian Jianshe
Published: February 2022

The effect of Al addition on the microstructural evolution, hardness, and deformation behavior of a nanostructured CrCoNi medium entropy alloy prepared by co‐sputtering is studied in detail. With an increase in the Al content, the hardness of the alloy first increased (reaching 13.8 GPa) and then decreased (10.7 GPa), while the microstructure changed from nanocrystalline to a nanocrystalline/amorphous dual‐phase structure. During plastic deformation, the appropriate amounts of the amorphous region and nanocrystalline mixed structure prevent shearing and grain rotation. Moreover, the amorphous shell also acts as a dislocation source that emitted and absorbed dislocations constantly and prevented grain boundary sliding to some extent. This work provides a novel approach to improve the mechanical properties of nanostructured medium entropy alloy films by controlling their composition and microstructure.
High‐Performance All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Regio‐Isomerization of Noncovalently Conformational Locks
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qin Linqing , Li Yuhao , Yu Jianwei , Chen Hao , Gu Xiaobin , Wei Yanan , Lu Xinhui , Gao Feng , Huang Hui
Published: February 2022

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have surpassed 19% thanks to the innovation of polymer donors and molecular acceptors. However, the batch‐to‐batch variations in polymer materials are detrimental to the reproducibility of the device performance. In comparison, small‐molecule donors (SMDs) possess some unique advantages, such as well‐defined molecular weights, easy purification, and excellent batch‐to‐batch repeatability. Herein, a pair of regioisomeric SMDs (BT‐O1 and BT‐O2) has been synthesized with alkoxy groups as S···O noncovalently conformational locks (NoCLs) at the inner and outer position, respectively. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the regioisomeric effect has a significant influence on the light‐harvest ability, energy levels, molecular geometries, internal reorganization energy, and packing behaviors for the two SMDs. As a result, BT‐O2‐based binary device shows an impressive PCE of 13.99%, much higher than that of BT‐O1 based one (4.07%), due to the better‐aligned energy level, more balanced charge transport, less charge recombination, lower energy loss, and more favorable phase separation. Furthermore, the fullerene derivative PC71BM is introduced into BT‐O2:H3 as the third component to achieve a notable PCE of 15.34% (certified 14.6%). Overall, this work reveals that NoCLs is a promising strategy to achieve high‐performance SMDs for all‐small‐molecule OSCs.
Quantitative Luminescence Photography of a Swellable Hydrogel Dressing with a Traffic‐Light Response to Oxygen
Authors: Marks Haley L. , Cook Katherine , Roussakis Emmanuel , Cascales Juan Pedro , Korunes‐Miller Jeremy T. , Grinstaff Mark W. , Evans Conor L.
Published: February 2022

Sensor‐integrated wound dressings are emerging tools applicable to a wide variety of medical applications from emergency triage to at‐home monitoring. Uncomfortable, unnecessary wound dressing changes may be avoided by providing quantitative insight into tissue characteristics related to wound healing such as tissue oxygenation, pH, and exudate/transudate volume. Here, a simple cost‐effective methodology for quantifying oxygen and pH in a swellable hydrogel dressing using a single photograph is presented. The red and green luminescence of a novel dendritic polyamine Pt‐porphyrin and fluorescein conjugate quantitatively responds to oxygen and pH, respectively, and enables robust sensing. The porphyrin conjugate, when combined with a four‐arm star polyethylene glycol (PEG) amine polymer, rapidly crosslinks at room temperature with an N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)‐PEG crosslinker to form a color‐changing hydrogel dressing with tunable swelling capabilities applicable to a variety of wound environments. An inexpensive digital single‐lens reflex (DSLR) camera modified with bandpass filters captures the hydrogel luminescence using simple macroscopic photography, and conversion to HSB colorspace allows for intensity‐independent image analysis of the hydrogels' dual modality response. The hydrogel formulation exhibits a robust and validated visible red‐orange‐green “traffic light” spectrum in response to oxygen changes, regardless of swelling state, pH, or autofluorescence from skin, thereby enabling the clinician friendly naked‐eye feedback.
Urine‐Microenvironment‐Initiated Composite Hydrogel Patch Reconfiguration Propels Scarless Memory Repair and Reinvigoration of the Urethra
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhang Yang , Fang Chao , Song Li , Wang Ying , Lu Lu , Yang Ranxing , Bu Zhaoting , Liang Xiayi , Zhang Kun , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2022

The harsh urine microenvironment (UME), as an inherent hurdle, endangers and renders urethral repair unreachable. Innovatively, the unfavorable UME is utilized as the design source to construct a UME‐responsive 3D‐printed hydrogel patch for realizing scarless memory repair, wherein laser‐excited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mechanical strength elevation using chemically crosslinked silicon quantum dots are accessible. Intriguingly, the proposed composite scaffolds can respond to Ca2+ in urine, cause structure reconfiguration, and repress swelling to further enhance scaffold stiffness. Systematic experiments validate that ROS birth and unexpected stiffness elevation in such UME‐responsive scaffolds can realize scarless memory repair of the urethra in vivo. Comprehensive mechanism explorations uncover that the activations of cell proliferation and collagen‐related genes (e.g., MMP‐1 and COL3A1) and the dampening of fibrosis‐related (e.g., TGF‐β/Smad) and mechanosensitive genes (e.g., YAP/TAZ) are responsible for the scarless memory repair of such UME‐responsive scaffolds via enhancing collagen deposition, recalling mechanical memory, decreasing fibrosis and inflammation, and accelerating angiogenesis. The design rationales (e.g., UME‐initiated structure reconfiguration and antiswelling) can serve as an instructive and general approach for urethra repair.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Noncontact Sleep Structure Prediction
Authors: Zhai Qian , Tang Tingyu , Lu Xiaoling , Zhou Xiaoxi , Li Chunguang , Yi Jingang , Liu Tao
Published: February 2022

Automated, effective and efficient sleep‐stage monitoring and structure analysis is an essential enabling procedure for healthcare automation. Sleep diagnosis by polysomnography is a golden standard but expensive procedure involving huge effort from patients. There remain challenges for smart devices to precisely identify sleep stage and minimize intrusive effect on sleep progression. Herein, a novel noncontact sleep structure prediction system (NSSPS) using a single radar sensor is presented to analyze sleep structure without any tethered unit. The NSSPS is realized through training a convolutional recurrent neural network and neural conditional random fields using reflected radio frequency (RF) waves acquired by radar antennas. By capturing implicit temporal information in RF signals and transitions of sleep progression, high accuracy of sleep‐stage prediction is achieved and characteristics of sleep structure are extracted. The performance of the NSSPS is validated by transfer learning between radar signals with different frequency bands and crossvalidation among different subjects. Moreover, the NSSPS is demonstrated to estimate overnight parameters that are critical for sleep diagnosis. Benefiting from its low cost, convenient setup, and accurate prediction capability of sleep‐stage identification, the NSSPS can be widely deployed in “smart” homes and exploited to conduct daily sleep structure analysis.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Study of 1,3,6,8‐Tetraarylsubstituted X‐Shaped Phenanthrene Derivatives
Authors: Nishida Jun‐Ichi , Matsuno Kouhei , Kawase Takeshi
Published: February 2022

X‐shaped phenanthrene derivatives containing aryl substituents at the 1,3,6,8‐positions were synthesized through Suzuki coupling reactions of two types of phenanthrenes possessing bromine and chlorine substituents. X‐shaped phenanthrenes, with four t‐butylphenyl, 9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl or 4‐diphenylaminophenyl (DPAP) groups, are highly emissive in the blue region and their fluorescence efficiencies increase as the extent of aryl π‐conjugation increases. To assess the effects of donor (D) and acceptor (A) groups at the 1,8‐ and 3,6‐positions on intramolecular charge‐transfer emission, two D−A compounds with two DPAP D‐groups and two 4‐pyridyl (Py) A‐groups were synthesized. Results of electrochemical studies reveal that the phenanthrene with four DPAP groups does not undergo oxidative polymerization in dichloromethane, but the two D−A analogs possessing both DPAP and Py groups do undergo oxidative polymerization, producing films which have electrochromic properties.
Beyond transcortical channels, a supraparietal vascular plexus: A newly recognized anatomical feature
Authors: Rothschild Bruce , Scott Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Survey of transcortical channels across mammalian phylogeny exposes a previously unrecognized phenomena, localized to the most caudal third of aSus scrofaparietal. The current study is performed to assess the nature, ontogeny and phylogenetic distribution of this phenomenon. Dissection of a freshS. scrofais performed to characterize the nature of these structures and assess the relationship of the phenomenon to overlying tissues. The external surface of the parietal region of the skulls of recent Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia and PleistocenePlatygonus compressusare systematically examined by surface microscopy. Dissection of the parietal region of aS. scrofahead revealed a structure localized to the most caudal third of the parietal bone. It is composed of anastomosing blood vessels interposed between the dermis and bone. The phenomenon is present among Artiodactyla in all examined Suidae and Tayassuidae, but limited among Cervidae toOdocoileusand apparently limited among Perissodactyla to Tapiridae, both extant and extinct and independent of sex and age. A previously undescribed anatomic structure is observed during survey of transcortical parietal circulation. There is connection between the structure and parietal diploic vessels. Interpreted as a vascular plexus, the possibility of a countercurrent system for brain thermoregulation is considered.
Clinicians' opinions on the clinical relevance of anatomy education at Stellenbosch University
Authors: Lunn‐Collier Robyn , Layman‐Lemphane Jodie I. , Baatjes Karin J. , Correia Janine
Published: February 2022

Anatomical science is a fundamental element of undergraduate medical education; thus, it is imperative that the course serves future medical professionals when entering clinical practice. However, anatomical education has faced challenges in recent years including decreased allocated time, increased class sizes and over‐stretched staff. Technological advancements in anatomical education may provide relief to these issues. Therefore, exploring clinicians' perspective on the clinical relevance and efficacy of anatomical education, within an African context, can inform its future. This study used a qualitative research approach within an interpretive paradigm. Eight semi‐structured one‐on‐one interviews were conducted with clinicians associated with Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data, creating themes and codes. Trust worthiness of the data was ensured through peer debriefing and member checking. Results reveal that clinicians find clinically relevant anatomy valuable to students. However, some feel that this is not delivered effectively at present. Clinicians see potential for the incorporation of clinical technologies into anatomical pedagogy. Although clinicians are hopeful for new technological developments in anatomical education, concerns were reported about its autonomous nature. This study concludes that although clinically relevant anatomical education is beneficial to students, the time and the resources via which it is delivered should be considered. There is optimism for the future of anatomical education with the advancements of technologically based educational resources, however, new resources should be incorporated with planning and supervision.
Anisotropic Thermal Characterisation of Large‐Format Lithium‐Ion Pouch Cells**
Authors: Lin Jie , Chu Howie N. , Monroe Charles W. , Howey David A.
Published: February 2022

Temperature strongly impacts battery performance, safety and durability, but modelling heat transfer requires accurately measured thermal properties. Herein we propose new approaches to characterise the heat capacity and anisotropic thermal‐conductivity components for lithium‐ion pouch cells. Heat capacity was estimated by applying Newton's law of cooling to an insulated container within which the cell was submerged in warmed dielectric fluid. Thermal conductivity was quantified by heating one side of the cell and measuring the opposing temperature distribution with infra‐red thermography, then inverse modelling with the anisotropic heat equation. Experiments were performed on commercial 20 Ah lithium iron phosphate (LFP) pouch cells. At 100 % state‐of‐charge (SOC), the heat capacity of a 489 g, 224 mL pouch cell was 541 J K−1. The through‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivities were respectively 0.52 and 26.6 W m−1 K−2. Capturing anisotropies in conductivity is important for accurate thermal simulations. State‐of‐charge dependence was also probed by testing at 50 % SOC: the heat capacity dropped by 6 % and thermal conductivity did not significantly change.
Global burden of primary liver cancer by five etiologies and global prediction by 2035 based on global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zheng Jinxin , Hao Jialing , Wang Rang Rang , Liu Xueni , Gu Peng , Yu Hongwei , Yu Yang , Wu Chuanxing , Ou Baochi , Peng Zhihai
Published: February 2022

Background

Using data from the global burden of disease (GBD) between 1990 and 2019 to report the leading etiological factors and hazards for liver cancer by HBV (LCHB), HCV (LCHC), alcoholic use (LCAL), NASH (LCNA), and other causes (LCOT).

Method

The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) in different districts, sex, and age are used to quantify the change of etiologies of liver cancer. Age‐period‐cohort models were performed to predict the primary liver cancer incidence and case numbers.

Results

Based on the GBD database of the whole world for the five etiologies of liver cancer in 2019, the percentage of incidence of LCAL, LCHB, LCHC, LCNA, and LCOT are 18.4%, 41%, 28.5%, 6.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. Fiver etiologies of liver cancer show gender differences, with LCHB and LCAL being more prevalent in men, and LCHC, LCNA being more prevalent in women. Besides, live cancer of males is because of alcohol using and smoking, while the reason of liver cancer of females is drug use, high BMI and high fasting plasma glucose. Interestingly, the incidence of LCHC in women over 85 years old, LCNA in women over 75 years old, and LCOT in women over 75 years old were all higher than that in men. According to the future prediction, the incidence rate of liver cancer itself, as well as the five causes of liver cancer, tends to decrease gradually after 2019, while the incidence rate of LCNA in males will continue to increase until 2025.

Conclusions

The incidence of liver cancer has been increasing and its major causes vary considerably at global, regional, or national levels, also vary by gender and age group.
Distancing from the worst or facing the inescapable? Social representations and positioning of people in marginalised groups
Authors: Savonen Jenni , Kataja Kati , Sakki Inari
Published: February 2022

This article draws from a social representations approach (SRA) to present a qualitative inquiry of identity construction in interaction and as part of the social context. We argue that the concept of positioning, inherent to our understanding of SRA, provides a bridge between social representations and identities. Focusing on societally marginalised groups and with illustrative interview samples gathered from two different studies in Finland, this article aims to show how people who use hard drugs position themselves within dominating social representations of ‘addict’, ‘junkie’ and ‘polydrug user’. Two ways of positioning are employed to negotiate with negative social representations: resistance and partial acceptance. ‘Distancing from the worst’ as a way of positioning characterises resistance and illustrates how a positive identity is constructed by describing the ‘ingroup other’ in negative ways, enabling justification of why the responded is not like that. In contrast, ‘facing the inescapable’ as a way of positioning illustrates partial acceptance that is engaged when people feel they cannot control their use or their lives more generally and cannot justify another position than that of a prototypical user. Our article advances the literature on the role of positioning within representational fields as enabling individuals to reject, challenge or accept the dominating social representations, while at the same time serving as a resource to cope with identity threats and maintain a positive identity.
Stereoscopic 3D teaching material usability analysis for interactive boards
Authors: Güler Osman , Savaş Serkan
Published: February 2022

The Ministry of National Education of Turkey equipped all schools with interactive boards (IBs) within the scope of the FATİH project. The need for appropriate materials has arisen for the effective use of IBs in educational activities. Three‐dimensional (3D) technologies are also among these materials. It has been determined in the study that IBs have the necessary hardware to run stereoscopic 3D (S3D) training materials, but the panel has not got an S3D imaging feature. Therefore, only the anaglyph S3D imaging method can be applied to IBs. Thus, an anaglyph S3D training material was prepared for the interaction of the skeletal system and interactive 3D material design for IBs with its effects in education was investigated. Besides, S3D imaging methods with features of IBs were examined. A Likert‐type scale was developed to measure the usability of the training material on IBs and the material was evaluated by 20 experts. The data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical program and the results were interpreted. According to the results, educational material seems to be positive in terms of image characteristics, content, navigation, and ease of use, font sizes were moderate for readability, the feedback process and the help menu were moderately effective.
Protective ballooning technique for prevention of side branch occlusion in coronary nonleft main true bifurcation lesions: A single‐center study
Authors: Wang Man , Liu Haibo , Xu Bo , Bian Xiaoli , Liu Lingan , Hu Fenghuan , Chen Jue , Gao Lijian , Zou Tongqiang , Yang Yuejin , Qiao Shubin
Published: February 2022

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a protective ballooning technique in preventing side branch (SB) occlusion and to assess the long‐term clinical outcomes for coronary nonleft main true bifurcation lesions.

Background

SB occlusion is a major complication associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary bifurcation lesions.

Methods

Patients were consecutively enrolled and randomly assigned to protective ballooning technique or jailed wire technique group. Periprocedural and long‐term clinical outcomes were compared.

Results

Patients in the protective ballooning technique (n = 173) and jailed wire technique (n = 167) groups were followed up for 12 months. SB occlusion occurred in one patient (0.6%) and nine patients (5.4%) in each group, respectively. The proportion of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 of the SB was higher in the protective ballooning technique group (98.8% vs. 95.2%, p < 0.05). SB rewiring was necessary in one patient in the protective ballooning technique group (0.6%) with provisional stenting, significantly lower than that in the jailed wire technique group (seven patients, 4.2%; p = 0.03). Periprocedural myocardial infarction occurred in three (1.73%) and six (3.59%) patients in the protective ballooning technique and jailed wire technique groups without significant difference, respectively. Major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months were similar in both groups.

Conclusions

Protective ballooning technique is effective for the prevention of SB occlusion in nonleft main true bifurcation lesions and had favorable long‐term outcomes at the 12‐month follow‐up.
Hyperparathyroidism: Unusual location of brown tumors
Authors: Fazaa Alia , Makhlouf Yasmine , Miladi Soussen , Sellami Mariem , Ouenniche Kmar , Souebni Leila , Kassab Selma , Chekili Selma , Ben Abdelghani Kawther , Laatar Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Brown tumors (BTs) are due to a proliferation of multinucleated giant cells in osteolytic lesions. They complicate the course of hyperparathyroidism. Thanks to an early screening of bone metabolism disorders; BTs are nowadays rare bone manifestations. We demonstrate through these two cases reports unusual locations of BTs in hyperparathyroidism.
Simultaneous Compression and Absorption for Energy‐Efficient Dissolution of Gases in Liquid
Authors: Giakoumatou Evgenia , Goßmann Ann‐Kathrin , Stelzner Björn , Trimis Dimosthenis
Published: February 2022

In this study, a novel approach for energy‐efficient dissolution of gases in liquid is presented, which significantly reduces the compression work. The core of the one‐step process is the simultaneous operation of compression and absorption. The liquid was injected into a cylinder filled with the gas, while a piston compressed the mixture during the injection time. The solubility increases with increasing system pressure, so that the compression work of the gas phase is permanently reduced on the one hand by the permanent reduction of the gas volume and on the other hand by the nearly isothermal compression process. The approach is demonstrated in this study using liquid H2O and gaseous CO2 compressed up to 10 bar. The theoretical energy savings of the novel process compared to the conventional two‐stage process is 41.2 % for the selected fluids. A maximum energy saving of 40.8 % was demonstrated in the experiments. The results also show that the energy saving depends on the curve of the piston speed and the injection time.