bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre cubos, caminhos e árvores: uma discussão sobre a renovação da vida
Authors: Santana Alexsandro Junior , Almeida Cleide Rita Silvério , Arone Mariangelica
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, que recorreu a fontes de natureza bibliográfica e documental, apresentam-se três filmes de curta-metragem para discutir a condição humana, tendo como referência teórica o pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin. Parte-se da premissa de que os filmes, sejam curtas ou longas-metragens, trazem um potencial formativo na medida em que mobilizam a sensibilidade estética por meio da projeção e identificação com os personagens, colocando-nos em sintonia com eles. Os filmes fazem emergir vários temas, instigando uma nova compreensão e até rupturas com ideias cristalizadas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa trazer contribuições para a ação docente em sala de aula, desenvolvendo atividades formativas que cultivem nos alunos renovação de ideias, outros olhares e perspectivas de vida.
Automated chest radiography and mass systematic screening for tuberculosis
Authors: Madhani F. , Maniar R. A. , Burfat A. , Ahmed M. , Farooq S. , Sabir A. , Domki A. K. , Page-Shipp L. , Khowaja S. , Safdar N. , Khan A. J. , Khan P. Y.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Systematic screening for TB using automated chest radiography (ACR) with computer-aided detection software (CAD4TB) has been implemented at scale in Karachi, Pakistan. Despite evidence supporting the use of ACR as a pre-screen prior to Xpert® MTB/RIF
diagnostic testing in presumptive TB patients, there has been no data published on its use in mass screening in real-world settings.METHOD: Screening was undertaken using mobile digital X-ray vehicles at hospital facilities and community camps. Chest X-rays were offered to individuals
aged ≥15 years, regardless of symptoms. Those with a CAD4TB score of ≥70 were offered Xpert testing. The association between Xpert positivity and CAD4TB scores was examined using data collected between 1 January and 30 June 2018 using a custom-built data collection tool.RESULTS:
Of the 127 062 individuals screened, 97.2% had a valid CAD4TB score; 11 184 (9.1%) individuals had a CAD4TB score ≥70. Prevalence of Xpert positivity rose from 0.7% in the <50 category to 23.5% in the >90 category. The strong linear association between CAD4TB score and
Xpert positivity was found in both community and hospital settings.CONCLUSION: The strong association between CAD4TB scores and Xpert positivity provide evidence that an ACR-based pre-screening performs well when implemented at scale in a high-burden setting.
Density of tobacco advertising around schools
Authors: Nurjanah N. , Manglapy Y. M. , Handayani S. , Ahsan A. , Sutomo R. , Dewi F. S. T. , Chang P. , Kusuma D.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the second highest smoking prevalence among adult males in the world, with over 61.4 million current smokers. However, there is no national regulation on outdoor tobacco advertising.OBJECTIVE: >To assess the density of outdoor tobacco advertising
around schools in Semarang City, Indonesia.METHODS: We conducted geospatial analyses using buffer and hotspot analyses based on advertising and school data in ArcMap 10.6. We statistically tested the significance of different densities, including between 100 m and 100–300-m
buffers from schools using Stata 15.1.RESULTS: We found a total of 3453 tobacco advertisements, of which 3026 (87%) were at least medium in size (1.3 m x l.9 m), and 2556 (74%) were within 300 m of schools. We also found hotspots with a 45% higher density of adverts within 100 m
of schools (compared to within 100–300 m). A total of 378 schools (39%) were in these advertising hotspots.CONCLUSION: There was high density of outdoor tobacco advertising, with significant clusters in close proximity to schools in Semarang City. The policy implications of
this are discussed.
Modelling occupational health and safety management systems with fuzzy cognitive maps and leading indicators: a theoretical approach
Authors: Skład Anna
Published: July 2020

In order to improve the effectiveness of an occupational safety and health management system (OSH MS), many enterprises use sets of leading and lagging performance indicators to measure individual processes in the system. Based on the value of indicators recorded in a given period, preventive measures are planned in the system. These measures are aimed at improving the processes in which the recorded indicators values did not reach their target values. This paper presents fuzzy cognitive maps, which enable an alternative application of indicators values. This method is based on the development of a system model consisting of a set of elements forming the system and the interconnections (influences) between these elements. Using a mathematical formula, it is possible to determine the values of the individual elements of the model and then forecast their future values. Unfavorable forecasts are the basis for taking preventive actions in a modeled system. By using fuzzy cognitive maps, it is possible to develop an OSH MS model. Individual processes and safety performance would be elements of the model. Leading and lagging indicator values would be used to determine the value of these elements. Forecasting on the basis of the model could significantly support the effectiveness of an OSH MS in an enterprise.
Sexual misconduct by health professionals in Australia, 2011–2016: a retrospective analysis of notifications to health regulators
Authors: Bismark Marie M , Studdert David M , Morton Katinka , Paterson Ron , Spittal Matthew J , Taouk Yamna
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To assess the numbers of notifications to health regulators alleging sexual misconduct by registered health practitioners in Australia, by health care profession.

Design, setting

Retrospective cohort study; analysis of Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and NSW Health Professional Councils Authority data on notifications of sexual misconduct during 2011–2016.

Participants

All registered practitioners in 15 health professions.

Main outcome measures

Notification rates (per 10 000 practitioner‐years) and adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) by age, sex, profession, medical specialty, and practice location.

Results

Regulators received 1507 sexual misconduct notifications for 1167 of 724 649 registered health practitioners (0.2%), including 208 practitioners (18%) who were the subjects of more than one report during 2011–2016; 381 notifications (25%) alleged sexual relationships, 1126 (75%) sexual harassment or assault. Notifications regarding sexual relationships were more frequent for psychiatrists (15.2 notifications per 10 000 practitioner‐years), psychologists (5.0 per 10 000 practitioner‐years), and general practitioners (6.4 per 10 000 practitioner‐years); the rate was higher for regional/rural than metropolitan practitioners (aRR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.31–2.30). Notifications of sexual harassment or assault more frequently named male than female practitioners (aRR, 37.1; 95% CI, 26.7–51.5). A larger proportion of notifications of sexual misconduct than of other forms of misconduct led to regulatory sanctions (242 of 709 closed cases [34%] v 5727 of 23 855 [24%]).

Conclusions

While notifications alleging sexual misconduct by health practitioners are rare, such misconduct has serious consequences for patients, practitioners, and the community. Further efforts are needed to prevent sexual misconduct in health care and to ensure thorough investigation of alleged misconduct.
TATA box binding protein and ribosomal protein 4 are suitable reference genes for normalization during quantitative polymerase chain reaction study in bovine mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jang Si-Jung , Jeon Ryoung-Hoon , Kim Hwan-Deuk , Hwang Jong-Chan , Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Bae Seul-Gi , Lee Sung-Lim , Rho Gyu-Jin , Kim Seung-Joon , Lee Won-Jae
Published: July 2020

Objective: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been extensively used in the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research to elucidate their characteristics and clinical potential by normalization of target genes against reference genes (RGs), which are believed to be stably expressed irrespective of various experimental conditions. However, the expression of RGs is also variable depending on the experimental conditions, which may lead to false or contradictory conclusions upon normalization. Due to the current lack of information for a clear list of stable RGs in bovine MSCs, we conducted this study to identify suitable RGs in bovine MSCs.Methods: The cycle threshold values of ten traditionally used RGs (18S ribosomal RNA [18S], beta-2-microglobulin [B2M], H2A histone family, member Z [H2A], peptidylprolyl isomerase A [PPIA], ribosomal protein 4 [RPL4], succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A [SDHA], beta actin [ACTB], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], TATA box binding protein [TBP], and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltrasnfrase1 [HPRT1]) in bovine bone marrow-derived MSCs (bBMMSCs) were validated for their stabilities using three types of RG evaluation algorithms (geNorm, Normfinder, and Bestkeeper). The effect of validated RGs was then verified by normalization of lineage-specific genes (fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4] and osteonectin [ON]) expressions during differentiations of bBMMSCs or POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT4) expression between bBMMSCs and dermal skins.Results: Based on the results obtained for the three most stable RGs from geNorm (TBP, RPL4, and H2A), Normfinder (TBP, RPL4, and SDHA), and Bestkeeper (TBP, RPL4, and SDHA), it was comprehensively determined that TBP and RPL4 were the most stable RGs in bBMMSCs. However, traditional RGs were suggested to be the least stable (18S) or moderately stable (GAPDH and ACTB) in bBMMSCs. Normalization of FABP4 or ON against TBP, RPL4, and 18S presented significant differences during differentiation of bBMMSCs. However, although significantly low expression of OCT4 was detected in dermal skins compared to that in bBMMSCs when TBP and RPL4 were used in normalization, normalization against 18S exhibited no significance.Conclusion: This study proposes that TBP and RPL4 were suitable as stable RGs for qPCR study in bovine MSCs.
Status of meat alternatives and their potential role in the future meat market — A review
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Yong Hae In , Kim Minsu , Choi Yun-Sang , Jo Cheorun
Published: July 2020

Plant-based meat analogues, edible insects, and cultured meat are promising major meat alternatives that can be used as protein sources in the future. It is also believed that the importance of meat alternatives will continue to increase because of concerns on limited sustainability of the traditional meat production system. The meat alternatives are expected to have different roles based on their different benefits and limitations. Plant-based meat analogues and edible insects can replace traditional meat as a good protein source from the perspective of nutritional value. Furthermore, plant-based meat can be made available to a wide range of consumers (e.g., as vegetarian or halal food products). However, despite ongoing technical developments, their palatability, including appearance, flavor, and texture, is still different from the consumers’ standard established from livestock-based traditional meat. Meanwhile, cultured meat is the only method to produce actual animal muscle-based meat; therefore, the final product is more meat-like compared to other meat analogues. However, technical difficulties, especially in mass production and cost, remain before it can be commercialized. Nevertheless, these meat alternatives can be a part of our future protein sources while maintaining a complementary relationship with traditional meat.
Interactions between Terrestrial Cosmic-Ray Neutrons and III–V Compound Semiconductors
Authors: Munteanu Daniela , Autran Jean-Luc
Published: July 2020

This work explores by numerical simulation the impact of high-energy atmospheric neutrons and their interactions with III–V binary compound semiconductors. The efforts have focused on eight III–V semiconductors: GaAs, AlAs, InP, InAs, GaSb, InSb, GaN, and GaP. For each material, extensive Geant4 numerical simulations have been performed considering a bulk target exposed to a neutron source emulating the atmospheric neutron spectrum at terrestrial level. Results emphasize in detail the reaction rates per type of reaction (elastic, inelastic, nonelastic) and offer a classification of all the neutron-induced secondary products as a function of their atomic number, kinetic energy, initial stopping power, and range. Implications for single-event effects (SEEs) are analyzed and discussed, notably in terms of energy and charge deposited in the bulk material and in the first nanometers of particle range with respect to the critical charge for modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies.
An In-Depth Analysis of Sliding Mode Control and Its Application to Robotics
Authors: Ömür Bucak İhsan
Published: July 2020

In this study, a sliding mode control scheme with a bounded region and its convergence analysis are explained to the finest detail and are applied to robotic manipulators which represent the best examples for strongly coupled, highly nonlinear, time-varying dynamical systems. Simulation studies have been applied separately to two different control systems in order to demonstrate the feasibility, performance, and effectiveness of the proposed control methodology through the design of the sliding mode controller: firstly, the position control of an armature-controlled dc servo motor subject to a varying external disturbance, and secondly, a two-link robot manipulator that were also analyzed in terms of its robustness by adding extra mass to one of the joints to be able to maintain the trajectory in the sliding surface. Simulations show that a fast convergence rate, and therefore quick response, the ability to reject the varying external disturbances, and the robustness against the model uncertainty assumed to be unbounded and fast-varying have all achieved its purpose entirely. This study also examines the advantages of SMC and PID comparably. The results given here do not contradict the view that one can use it instead of the other without losing too much performance, and confirm the success of the presented approach.
The Reliability and Validity of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) in the Earthquake-Stricken Population of Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Mahmoudi Osman , Amini Mohammad Rauf
Published: July 2020

Background: The post-traumatic stress disruption checklist (PCL) is a reliable self-assessment measure for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, the PCL has been updated based on the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties and diagnostic capability of the PCL as a screening tool in an earthquake-stricken population in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 injured earthquake victims in Sales and Javanrud counties. The subjects were selected via purposive sampling. The PCL was translated into Kurdish (Surani), and trained interviewers run the translated version for 200 individuals manifesting the symptoms of post-earthquake stress in the earthquake-stricken cities of Javanrud and Sales located in Kermanshah province. After two weeks, 100 participants were randomly selected, and the questionnaire was completed again. Results: The internal consistency of the PCL (α = 85%) was indicative of the validity of the checklist. The Youden’s index with the cutoff point of 23 was considered optimal for the PCL tool. The diagnostic values of sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 0.82 and 0.81, respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, the test-retest results were equal after two weeks (α = 87%), indicating the high reliability of the checklist. Conclusions: According to the results, the PCL is a sensitive and accurate tool for assessing the status of PTSD in disaster victims and accidents and could be used in the screening of PTSD in the health monitoring programs for these victims.
teoria da consecução do papel materno na adolescência
Authors: Santos Simone Silva dos , Menêses Amanda Gomes de , Pinho Diana Lúcia Moura , Jesus Cristine Alves Costa de
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre o tornar-se mãe na adolescência com base em alguns conceitos da teoria da consecução do papel materno de Ramona Mercer. Método: estudo teórico-reflexivo embasado na teoria da consecução do papel materno de Ramona Mercer. Foram selecionados os conceitos relacionados ao processo de tornar-se mãe no período da adolescência e apresentados em um eixo condutor. Resultados: a pouca idade materna pode afetar no enfrentamento, gerando sentimentos que impactam na autoestima e no autoconceito, já fragilizados na fase da adolescência. A tensão do papel pode agravar, sendo o apoio social um importante fator envolvido no papel maternal. Sua ausência gera sentimentos de medo, insegurança e depressão. A ausência paterna, por sua vez, é comum e pode enfraquecer a consecução do papel materno, visto sua contribuição na diminuição da tensão na díade mãe e criança. Cabe ao enfermeiro identificar fatores que possam impactar no desenvolvimento do papel materno e oferecer apoio e cuidados para o desenvolvimento dessa identidade materna. Conclusão: as reflexões tecidas acerca dos conceitos envolvidos no tornar-se mãe nesse período permitiram a compreensão das mudanças em seus diversos âmbitos. Os conceitos abordados possuem, ainda, forte inter-relação entre si e impactam diretamente no construto cuidado, cabendo ao enfermeiro alinhar sua prática assistencial com as reais necessidades das gestantes adolescentes.
Efeito da terapia floral no estresse docente
Authors: Pinto Rogelia Herculano , Sousa Sebastião Manoel de , Santos Carlos Renato dos , Senna Sueli Moreno , Leal Luciana Pedrosa , Vasconcelos Eliane Maria Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade das essências florais de Bach na redução dos níveis de estresse docente. Método: ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado, duplo-cego, com delineamento prospectivo. Foram utilizados na coleta de dados um formulário validado à luz da teoria de Betty Neuman e três instrumentos, um na perspectiva perceptiva (PSS-14), o outro na prevalência dos sinais e sintomas (LSS) e um de avaliação dos aspectos bioeletrográfico (FAAB). A amostra foi constituída de 27 professores da rede básica de ensino com estresse médio e alto, distribuídos em dois grupos: intervenção (GI) e que recebeu floral e placebo (GP). Resultados: o GI mostrou-se efetivo na redução do estresse, sendo estatisticamente significante intragrupo com a diminuição das médias dos escores do PSS-14 (p=0,004, LSS - p = 0,000) e da bioeletrografia (p=0,011); bem como entre grupos com p-valor de 0,035 para LSS e FAAB com p= 0,001. Conclusão: as essências florais do sistema Bach mostraram-se efetivos no cuidado do estresse docente com a reestruturação da linha flexível de defesa, refletindo melhor relacionamento do professor com os estressores intra, inter e extrapessoais. Este estudo está registrado no ReBEC com o nº. UTN: U1111-1208-4987.
Complicações puerperais em um modelo medicalizado de assistência ao parto
Authors: Monteschio Lorenna Viccentine Coutinho , Marcon Sonia Silva , Santos Rubia Mariana de Souza , Vieira Viviane Cazetta de Lima , Oliveira Marcela Demitto de , Goes Herbert Leopoldo de Freitas , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: analisar as complicações puerperais em mulheres atendidas para o parto pelo setor público de saúde. Método: estudo transversal com 358 puérperas que tiveram parto financiado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em município do Sul do Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas: entrevista com a puérpera na internação hospitalar - pelo menos 12 horas após o parto; consulta ao prontuário materno para levantar informações referentes às características sociodemográficas, intervenções e complicações; e contato telefônico com a puérpera 40 dias após o parto para levantamento de possíveis complicações tardias. As complicações foram analisadas segundo dados sociodemográficos, obstétricos, dados do recém-nascido e intervenção obstétrica realizada durante o trabalho de parto ou parto. A análise de associação foi avaliada por meio do cálculo do qui-quadrado, com nível de significância p≤0,05. Resultados: das puérperas, 31,3% tiveram pelo menos uma complicação puerperal cuja necessidade de antimicrobianos foi a mais frequente (12,8%) e as complicações placentárias as menos frequente (2,5%). A cesariana esteve associada à utilização de antimicrobianos (OR=2,2; p=0,0211) e à reinternação (OR=9,9; p=0,007). Foi observado progressivo aumento de complicações puerperais quanto maior o número de intervenções realizadas, o que indica que os hospitais estudados ainda adotam o modelo medicalizado de assistência ao parto, com elevados índices de intervenções obstétricas. Conclusão: a alta taxa de complicações puerperais esteve associada ao modelo obstétrico medicalizado, o que pode ser evidenciado pela ocorrência de complicações independentes do tipo de parto.
Ágar e carvão ativado influenciam no desenvolvimento in vitro da parte aérea e radicular de sequoia
Authors: Meneguzzi Aline , Camargo Samila Silva , Navroski Marcio Carlos , Pereira Mariane de Oliveira , Souza Patricia Fukushima , Rufato Leo
Published: July 2020

Plantios experimentais com Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb), espécie conhecida mundialmente pelo grande porte, longevidade e qualidade madeireira, estão iniciando no Brasil, tornando necessário a disponibilidade de mudas de qualidade. Assim, a técnica de cultura de tecidos, via micropropagação, se torna uma grande aliada pela garantia de superioridade genética, produção em grande escala e tempo reduzido de propagação. Atualmente há inúmeros protocolos para diversas espécies, porém, é necessário verificar todos os agentes influentes no sucesso do desenvolvimento in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência do carvão ativado e de concentrações de ágar no desenvolvimento in vitro aéreo e de raízes de S. sempervirens. Os tratamentos realizados envolveram a presença/ausência do carvão ativado (1 g L-1), combinados com concentrações de ágar (4, 5 e 6 g L-1) em meio MS 50%. Para o número e comprimento de brotos e de raízes, apenas o carvão ativado foi significativo, sendo que a presença beneficiou o desenvolvimento dos explantes. Para porcentagem de calo, houve interação dos fatores, sendo que maiores concentrações de ágar (5 e 6 g L-1) na presença do carvão foram prejudiciais, pois apresentaram maior calosidade, o que minimiza as taxas de enraizamento. Indica-se a adição de carvão ativado (1 g L-1) e de menor concentração de ágar (4 g L-1) em meio de cultura MS 50% para um melhor desenvolvimento in vitro de sequoia.
El Convenio de Oviedo y su adecuación a las nuevas técnicas de intervención del genoma humano
Authors: Jiménez González Joaquín
Published: July 2020

El Convenio de Oviedo, habiendo supuesto un avance esencial en el derecho internacional de consenso en materia de derechos humanos y biomedicina, veintitrés años después necesita adecuarse a los nuevos avances científicos respecto a las técnicas de intervención de la línea germinal humana. Aceptando que éstas forman parte ya del contexto social, científico y jurídico de nuestra época, y que alguna de ellas necesita aún un intenso debate sobre su aplicación, como las técnicas de edición del genoma, analizamos en el presente trabajo cuales son las modificaciones que consideramos oportunas para que la norma incluya esta realidad y ofrezca mayor seguridad jurídica respecto a estas técnicas.

 

The Oviedo Convention, having supposed an essential advance of consensus in the international law in the matter of human rights and biomedicine, twenty-three years later needs to adapt to the new scientific advances regarding the techniques of intervention of the human germline. Accepting that this is already part of the social, scientific and legal context of our time, and that some of these techniques still need an intense debate on their application, such as genome editing techniques, we analyze in this work what are the modifications that we believe that they are necessary for this convention to include this reality and offer greater legal certainty regarding these techniques.
Actitud hacia las matemáticas en el Grado de Maestro de Primaria
Authors: Nortes Martínez-Artero Rosa , Nortes Checa Andrés
Published: July 2020

La actitud hacia las matemáticas de los futuros maestros puede condicionar la enseñanza de esta materia en los primeros niveles educativos. Para conocer cual es la actitud de los alumnos del Grado de Maestro de Primaria se ha consultado a lo largo de seis cursos académicos a 1150 alumnos de la facultad de Educación de la universidad de CCC de 2.º, 3.º y 4.º. Se les ha aplicado el cuestionario de Auzmendi (1992) que consta de 25 ítems en una escala de Likert de 1 a 5. Los resultados indican que uno de cada tres alumnos tiene una actitud negativa (inferior a 3), y que los alumnos de 4.º tienen una actitud más alta. El ítem de mejor puntuación es uno del factor confianza y el de peor uno del factor agrado.

Future teachers' attitudes towards mathematics can influence the teaching of this subject-matter in the earlier years. In order to know their attitudes, 1,150 Primary Education students (2nd, 3rd and 4th years) of the Faculty of Education at the University of CCC were surveyed during 6 academic years. They were given the Auzmendi (1992) test which is composed of 25 items on a 1-5 Likert scale. The results show that 1 in 3 students has a negative attitude (lower than 3). They also show that men have a more favourable attitude than women and that 4th-year students have the highest attitude. The item with the highest score refers to the self-confidence factor whereas the one with the lowest score relates to the liking factor.
Interdisciplinariedad e internacionalización. Una obertura para catorce textos sobre Educación
Authors: Isusi-Fagoaga Rosa
Published: July 2020

Se trata de la presentación al numero 3 de la revista CEIR 2019
Measures of administrative prevention taken by police officers on counteraction of administrative violations impacting health of the citizens
Authors: Shikhnabiev Rustam Abdulkadirovich
Published: July 2020

This article examines the state of problem of preventing administrative violations that impinge on health of the citizens, namely physical assault, administrative responsibility for which is stipulated by the Article 6.1.1 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses as one of the relevant questions in organization and activity of the branches of internal affairs of Russia. The author reviews the questions of preventing violations for physical assault in the context of enhancing control by the district police officers over individuals who committed such type of administrative violation; application of different preventative measures depending on the identity of a wrongdoer, circumstances of commission of an administrative offence, as well as social behavior after having committed an offence. The author describes the case law on the category of physical assault, which characterize personality of the offender.  Comparative analysis is conducted on the normative legal acts that envisage the grounds for placement and removal of various categories of individuals from the prevention watchlist. In conclusion, the author makes a number of recommendations on the improvement of preventative measures applied by police officers with regards to administrative offences for committing physical assault, as well as preterm removal from the prevention watchlist of persons under the conditions of their improvement, service of administrative penalty, positive characteristics from the place of residence.
Identifying prostate cancer and its clinical risk in asymptomatic men using machine learning of high dimensional peripheral blood flow cytometric natural killer cell subset phenotyping data
Authors: Hood Simon P , Cosma Georgina , Foulds Gemma A , Johnson Catherine , Reeder Stephen , McArdle Stéphanie E , Khan Masood A , Pockley A Graham
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate that prostate cancer can be identified by flow cytometric profiling of blood immune cell subsets. Herein, we profiled natural killer (NK) cell subsets in the blood of 72 asymptomatic men with Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels < 20 ng ml-1, of whom 31 had benign disease (no cancer) and 41 had prostate cancer. Statistical and computational methods identified a panel of eight phenotypic features (C⁢D⁢56d⁢i⁢m⁢C⁢D⁢16h⁢i⁢g⁢h, C⁢D⁢56+⁢D⁢N⁢A⁢M-1-, C⁢D⁢56+⁢L⁢A⁢I⁢R-1+, C⁢D⁢56+⁢L⁢A⁢I⁢R-1-, C⁢D⁢56b⁢r⁢i⁢g⁢h⁢t⁢C⁢D⁢8+, C⁢D⁢56+⁢N⁢K⁢p⁢30+, C⁢D⁢56+⁢N⁢K⁢p⁢30-, C⁢D⁢56+⁢N⁢K⁢p⁢46+) that, when incorporated into an Ensemble machine learning prediction model, distinguished between the presence of benign prostate disease and prostate cancer. The machine learning model was then adapted to predict the D’Amico Risk Classification using data from 54 patients with prostate cancer and was shown to accurately differentiate between the presence of low-/intermediate-risk disease and high-risk disease without the need for additional clinical data. This simple blood test has the potential to transform prostate cancer diagnostics.
Comparative proteome analysis reveals VPS28 regulates milk fat synthesis through ubiquitylation in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Lily , Zhang Qin
Published: July 2020

In our previous study, we found that VPS28 (vacuolar protein sorting 28 homolog) could alter ubiquitylation level to regulate milk fat synthesis in bovine primary mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). While the information on the regulation of VPS28 on proteome of milk fat synthesis is less known, we explored its effect on milk fat synthesis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation assay after knocking down VPS28 in BMECs. A total of 2,773 proteins in three biological replicates with a false discovery rate of less than 1.2% were identified and quantified. Among them, a subset of 203 proteins were screened as significantly down-(111) and up-(92) regulated in VPS28 knockdown BMECs compared with the control groups. According to Gene Ontology analysis, the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the “proteasome,” “ubiquitylation,” “metabolism of fatty acids,” “phosphorylation,” and “ribosome.” Meanwhile, some changes occurred in the morphology of BMECs and an accumulation of TG (triglyceride) and dysfunction of proteasome were identified, and a series of genes associated with milk fat synthesis, ubiquitylation and proteasome pathways were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results of this study suggested VPS28 regulated milk fat synthesis was mediated by ubiquitylation; it could be an important new area of study for milk fat synthesis and other milk fat content traits in bovine.
Arabidopsis thaliana exudates induce growth and proteomic changes in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus
Authors: dos Santos Tamires Cruz , Leandro Mariana Ramos , Maia Clara Yohana , Rangel Patrícia , Soares Fabiano S. , Reis Ricardo , Passamani Lucas , Silveira Vanildo , de Souza Filho Gonçalo Apolinário
Published: July 2020

Background

Plants interact with a variety of microorganisms during their life cycle, among which beneficial bacteria deserve special attention. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a beneficial bacterium able to fix nitrogen and promote plant growth. Despite its biotechnological potential, the mechanisms regulating the interaction between G. diazotrophicus and host plants remain unclear.

Methods

We analyzed the response of G. diazotrophicus to cocultivation with Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Bacterial growth in response to cocultivation and plant exudates was analyzed. Through comparative proteomic analysis, G. diazotrophicus proteins regulated during cocultivation were investigated. Finally, the role of some up-accumulated proteins in the response G. diazotrophicus to cocultivation was analyzed by reverse genetics, using insertion mutants.

Results

Our results revealed the induction of bacterial growth in response to cocultivation. Comparative proteomic analysis identified 450 bacterial proteins, with 39 up-accumulated, and 12 down-accumulated in response to cocultivation. Among the up-accumulated pathways, the metabolism of pentoses and protein synthesis were highlighted. Proteins potentially relevant to bacterial growth response such as ABC-F-Etta, ClpX, Zwf, MetE, AcnA, IlvC, and AccC were also increased. Reverse genetics analysis, using insertion mutants, revealed that the lack of ABC-F-Etta and AccC proteins severely affects G. diazotrophicus response to cocultivation. Our data demonstrated that specific mechanisms are activated in the bacterial response to plant exudates, indicating the essential role of “ribosomal activity” and “fatty acid biosynthesis” in such a process. This is the first study to demonstrate the participation of EttA and AccC proteins in plant-bacteria interactions, and open new perspectives for understanding the initial steps of such associations.
Energy balance of food in a detrito-bryophagous groundhopper (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)
Authors: Kuřavová Kateřina , Šipoš Jan , Kočárek Petr
Published: July 2020

Detritus (decaying organic matter) and phyllodes of mosses are two main components in the diet of groundhoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). We studied the energy balance of consumed food under laboratory conditions in the detrito-bryophagous groundhopper,Tetrix subulata(Linnaeus, 1758). The results indicated that the energy food budget of this detrito-bryophagous groundhopper was comparable to those of small herbivorous grasshoppers (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae, Melanoplinae), which have a similar energy food budget of approximately 800–1,100 J/g.T. subulataconsumed four times more detritus than mosses, although both components provided similar amounts of energy (ca. 15–16 kJ/g). However, in contrast with detritus, moss fragments passed through the digestive tract without a distinct change in their mass or a loss in their energy value. We assume that moss may cause the longer retention of semifluid mass of partly digested food in the alimentary tract; hence, the digestion and efficiency of nutrient absorption from detritus could be more effective.
Identification of 10 Hub genes related to the progression of colorectal cancer by co-expression analysis
Authors: Meng Jie , Su Rui , Liao Yun , Li Yanyan , Li Ling
Published: July 2020

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. The present study is aimed at identifying hub genes associated with the progression of CRC.

Method

The data of the patients with CRC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and assessed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses performed in R by WGCNA, several hub genes that regulate the mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC were identified. Differentially expressed genes in the data sets GSE28000 and GSE42284 were used to construct a co-expression network for WGCNA. The yellow, black and blue modules associated with CRC level were filtered. Combining the co-expression network and the PPI network, 15 candidate hub genes were screened.

Results

After validation using the TCGA-COAD dataset, a total of 10 hub genes (MT1X, MT1G, MT2A, CXCL8, IL1B, CXCL5, CXCL11, IL10RA, GZMB, KIT) closely related to the progression of CRC were identified. The expressions of MT1G, CXCL8, IL1B, CXCL5, CXCL11 and GZMB in CRC tissues were higher than normal tissues (p-value < 0.05). The expressions of MT1X, MT2A, IL10RA and KIT in CRC tissues were lower than normal tissues (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusions

By combinating with a series of methods including GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, PPI network analysis and gene co-expression network analysis, we identified 10 hub genes that were associated with the progression of CRC.
A descriptive analysis of clinical application of patient-reported outcome measures and screening tools for low back pain patients in US chiropractic teaching institutions
Authors: Cooper Jesse C. , Gliedt Jordan A. , Pohlman Katherine A.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To describe the clinical use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and screening tools (STs) for low back pain (LBP) in clinics of chiropractic teaching institutions in the United States.

Methods

A descriptive analysis was completed with data collection achieved between June 2018 and March 2019. PROMs/STs were classified as disability/functional measures, pain measures, psychosocial measures, and other measures. Frequencies of use of PROM/ST instruments were calculated.

Results

Representatives from 18 of 19 chiropractic institutions (94.75%) provided a description of PROM/ST use for LBP in their teaching clinics. Seventeen institutions (94.4%) reported the routine clinical use of PROMs/STs for LBP. Disability/functional measures were the most common type of instruments used, followed by pain measures, psychosocial measures, and others. The 4 most common individual PROMs/STs reported were (1) Oswestry Disability Index, (2) a variation of a pain rating scale, (3) Keele STarT Back Tool, and (4) Patient Specific Functional Scale. Six out of 18 (33%) institutions reported the use of a PROM/ST specifically designed to focus on psychosocial influences.

Conclusion

Most chiropractic institution teaching clinics in the United States reported the clinical use of PROMs/STs for patients presenting with LBP. This mirrors trends in chiropractic literature of increasing use of PROMs/STs. A minority of institutions described the clinical use of a PROM/ST specifically designed to detect psychosocial influences.
Water Stress Alter Leaf Hydric Status and Flower Bud Development in Apricot cv. “Royal”
Authors: Ramírez H. , Alvarez A. I. Melendres- , González A. Zermeño- , Cantú D. Jasso- , Quintanilla J. A. Villarreal-
Published: July 2020

Aims: The apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), is a drought-sensitive deciduous fruit. This concept arises from the fact that soil moisture stress can: Decrease the number and quality of flower buds differentiated; delay the time of flower differentiation and decrease the number of flower buds per shoot. The objectives of this investigation were to determine: The extent to which drought influences water status in the leaves; its effect on flower buds development and on bloom in apricot cv. “Royal”.

Study Design: Trees were divided into 6 groups of six replicate each under a random block design. Results were analyzed using the statistical program 'RStudio' for Windows version 10 and data obtained subjected to a comparison of means with the Tukey (P≤0.05) test.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture in Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico, during 2018-2019.

Methodology: Seven-year-old apricot trees growing in containers were subjected to a 4 to 5week period of water stress at different times during the growing season. Leaf water potential was periodically measured and flower bud development was followed from early differentiation up to full bloom.

Results: Leaf water potential in water stressed trees was constantly low. Water stress early in the season induced a delay in bud development during late summer and fall. Water stress late in the season did not appreciably affect the rate of bud development. Full bloom was delayed when water stress was applied in late summer and fall. Water stress at flower bud initiation and differentiation, together with high temperatures, may have induced flowers with double pistils. Water stress from April through October did not induce flower drop.

Conclusion: Soil water stress severely affect leaf water potential; delays flower bud development and may induce flowers with double pistils without flower drop.
Improved Model for Facial Expression Classification for Fear and Sadness Using Local Binary Pattern Histogram
Authors: Ojo Adebola K. , Idowu Temitope Ololade
Published: July 2020

In this study, a Local Binary Pattern Histogram model was proposed for Facial expression classification for fear and sadness. There have been a number of supervised machine models developed and used for facial recognition in past researches. The classifier requires human effort to perform feature extraction which has led to unknown changes in the expression of human face and incomplete feature extraction and low accuracy. This study proposed a model for improving the accuracies for fear and sadness and to extract features to distinguish between fear and sadness. Images of different people of varying ages were extracted from two datasets got from Japanese female facial expression (jaffe) dataset and Cohn cade got from Kaggle. In other to achieve an incremental development, classification was done using Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM) and Random Forest Classifier (RFC). The accuracy rates for the LSVM models, LSVM1 and LSVM2 were 88% and 87% respectively while the RFC models, RFC1 and RFC2, were 81% and 82% respectively.
Metallized Semiconductor Die for Long Wire Interconnect
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Rodriguez Rennier S.
Published: July 2020

This paper focused on the integration of metallized silicon die in design layout of quad-flat no-leads package (QFN) and ball grid array (BGA) devices. The metallized silicon die is fabricated with a conductive top layer where the junction for wire interconnection is created. The conductive top layer formed an intermetallic connection between the gold or copper wire and aluminum metal on the conductive outer layer to produce electrical continuity in the device circuitry. Incorporating the design on conventional QFN and BGA eliminates long wiring layout in the system that is the primary cause of electrical shorting rejection during integrated circuit assembly and testing. For subsequent works, the design could be applied for packages with similar requirement and/or configuration.
Effects Of Short And Long-Term Administration Of Alfalfa On Testicular Histomorphometry In Rats
Authors: Hadadi M. , Mohammadi G. , Erfani N. , Fatemi R.
Published: July 2020

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a plant with phytoestrogenic properties, which has been used as a major part of diets in husbandry. Since there are controversial reports related to the effects of alfalfa consumption on animal fertility, its effects on rat testicular tissue were assessed in the present study. Control (n=15) and alfalfa (n=15) groups were fed with ordinary rat chow and ordinary rat chow plus alfalfa, respectively. Testicles were removed after 30, 45, and 60 days of consumption, and tissue sections were prepared to assess histomorphometric changes related to alfalfa consumption.

Based on the results, there was no significant difference in length, width, and volume of testes of treated rats to control in all groups. But the number of testicular spermatogonia cells, primary spermatocyte cells, primary spermatid cells, testicular spermatozoid cells and Leydig cells significantly or insignificantly increased in rats that received alfalfa for 30 days but all of these parameters insignificantly decreased in rats that received alfalfa for 60 days. The cause of these changes may be due to estrogenic or anti-estrogenic, antioxidant and endocrine effects of alfalfa.

Conclusion: Consumption of alfalfa for short time had only a transient positive effects on testicular tissues but use of alfalfa for 60 days had little destructive effects on testicular tissue in rats. So longer durations of time could be suggested for further research on the effects of alfalfa on rat’s reproduction index.
Comparison of Visual Outcomes between Panretinal Photocoagulation and Panretinal Photocoagulation Plus Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Treated at Northen Zonal Hospital
Authors: Darabe Filemon , Makupa William
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the rigorous microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus is the significant cause of visual impairment and consequently blindness affecting about 36% of the diabetic population. Diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) are two prime manifestations of DR that are responsible for visual morbidity. The basis of the treatment in PDR is Laser photocoagulation as accomplished by Diabetic retinopathy treatment study (DRS) and early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) for the last two decades. The dawn of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents has revolutionized the management of diabetic eye disease for more than the last decade. The aim of the study is to compare the visual outcomes of diabetic retinopathy patients between pan-retinal photocoagulation and pan-retinal photocoagulation plus intravitreal Bevacizumab.

Methodology: A hospital-based cross-section study using medical record information for all DR patients treated by PRP and IVB at the KCMC eye. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: A number of 204 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 59.26 (SD=9.6) years; 75.4% were male. Most of the patients 71.1% are from Arusha and Kilimanjaro. Among all, 51% had PRP alone and the duration of Diabetes was 5-10 years in the majority. The mean VA for PRP alone was 0.89 (SD=0.89) before treatment while it was 1 (SD=0.99) in PRP plus Bevacizumab. At 3 months after treatment VA for PRP alone was 0.947 (SD=0.93) and 0.96 (SD=1.01) for PRP plus Bevacizumab. The mean difference was not statistically significant. VA improved by 49% and it deteriorated by 27.7%. The majority had early proliferated DR 49.7%, 42.8% high risk proliferated DR and advanced proliferated DR was 7.5%. The complications were found in 5.6% and they included: vitreous hemorrhage (4.6%) and retinal detachment (1%) in PRP plus Bevacizumab and none in PRP alone.

Conclusion: With respect to this study there is no significant difference in visual outcome for PRP alone and PRP plus injection Bevacizumab, though PRP plus Bevacizumab in treatment of DR had better visual outcome over PRP alone. PRP plus injection Bevacizumab is associated with a higher and early rate of regression of active NVs than PRP alone in patients with PDR. Further studies will be needed to determine whether IVB plus PRP is a satisfactory treatment for the prevention of vision-threatening complications such as vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment.
O Purgatório e a salvação da alma na Braga de setecentos
Authors: Ferraz Norberto Tiago Gonçalves
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo é nosso objetivo demonstrar os mecanismos espirituais utilizados pelos católicos bracarenses no século XVIII, em busca da salvação de sua alma no além, evitando a condenação eterna do Inferno e o rápido resgate dos castigos do Purgatório. O estudo documental das confrarias das Almas de Braga possibilitou avaliar de que forma estas instituições celebravam missas pelas almas de todos sem distinção. A análise de 250 testamentos bracarenses setecentistas revelou os serviços espirituais determinados pelos fiéis, que fossem celebrados durante o período de velório e após o enterro, de forma não perpétua. Já uma avaliação de diversas fontes documentais confraternais bracarenses tornou possível o estudo dos legados pios perpétuos em favor da alma.