bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Length of Umbilical Cord at Term and Its Correlation with Fetal Outcome: A Study of 500 Deliveries
Authors: Sharma Seema , Soliriya Vijaya
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Umbilical cord plays an important role in the life of the fetus. Though variations in shape and other features of umbilical cord are common, some variations can adversely affect the pregnancy outcomes.

Aims and objectives

The aim of our study was to study the correlation between the length of the umbilical cord in term gestation evaluated after birth and fetal outcome.

Materials and methods

This study was carried out on 500 patients admitted in our hospital. It was a prospective study. In this study, the length of umbilical cord was measured after delivery in subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Examination of umbilical cord was done regarding the presence of any loop around neck, trunk, number of loops of cord and positions, presence of true or false knots of cord, or any other cord abnormalities, such as cord varix and cord hematoma. Fetal parameters regarding sex, weight, and length of the newborn and Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (Apgar) score at 1 and 5 minutes were measured and its correlation with umbilical cord parameters was studied.

Results

In our study, the cord length varied from 16 to 144 cm. The mean cord length was 64.2 cm (±17.26 cm) and mean cord thickness was 1.21 cm (±0.39 cm). Maximum cases seen were in the group of cord length between 50 and 59 cm (27.8%). Lower sixth percentile was considered as short cord and upper sixth percentile was considered as long cord. A positive correlation existed between the cord length and birth weight and placental weight and body length of the newborn. There was no significant difference between sex of the fetuses and the cord length. Abnormal cord length cases (long and short group) have higher incidences of cord complications, and hence there was increased incidence of operative interference in such cases. The cases of long cord group had maximum number of lower segment cesarean section (46.43%). The significance was tested by using a chi-square test, and it was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The incidence of birth asphyxia (21%) was significantly more in long and short cords as compared with normal length cords (p < 0.01).

How to cite this article

Sharma S, Soliriya V. Study of Length of Umbilical Cord at Term and Its Correlation with Fetal Outcome: A Study of 500 Deliveries. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):207-211.
A Prospective Study to predict Vaginal Cytology and Bishop Score as Predictors of Onset of Labor
Authors: Mani Poonam , Dhingra Jasneet , Prateek Shashi
Published: July 2019

Cover letter

Vaginal cytology reflects changes in estrogen and progesterone in pregnancy. The change represents a transition from predominance of navicular cells and clusters of intermediate cells (evidence of progesterone) to appearance of fewer or small sheets of clusters with abundance of superficial cells (evidence of progesterone withdrawal) at the onset of labor. Thus, vaginal cytology is a simple and inexpensive parameter to predict the onset of labor with ease. The vaginal smear yields unsurpassed speed and convenience.

Bishop score, a clinical parameter also predicts the onset of labor. At the onset of labor, Bishop score improves.
A Rare Case of Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy continuing up to Term with a Live Baby
Authors: Moitra Bratati
Published: July 2019

Secondary abdominal pregnancy is a very rare condition. Outcome of secondary abdominal pregnancy with pregnancy continuing up to term and delivering a live baby by laparotomy is more rare. Management of secondary abdominal pregnancy depends on the gestational age of the fetus when diagnosed. If not diagnosed at the correct time patient may have life-threatening complications, for example, massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, fecal fistula formation, and lithopedion formation.

How to cite this article

Moitra B. A Rare Case of Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy continuing up to Term with a Live Baby. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):249-251.
Forgotten Transvaginal Cervical Cerclage Stitch in First Pregnancy Benefits reaped till the Second Pregnancy
Authors: Kakade Aniket S , Kulkarni Yashwant , Mehra Anmol
Published: July 2019

The cervical stitch is universally removed at 37 completed weeks or earlier if the patient goes in labor. The patient described was a rare incidence where the cervical stitch in the first pregnancy was forgotten and it was diagnosed in the second pregnancy. Since the patient did have a short cervical length in second pregnancy, the stitch was left in situ and was removed at term. A rare case is presented here where the cervical stitch in the first pregnancy benefited the second pregnancy.

How to cite this article

Kakade A, Kulkarni Y, Mehra A. Forgotten Transvaginal Cervical Cerclage Stitch in First Pregnancy Benefits reaped till the Second Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):135-136.
Fetal Lung Surgery
Authors: Goynumer Gokhan , Api Olus , Yayla Murat , Sen Cihat
Published: July 2019

Advances in technology and wide used of obstetric ultrasound have allowed an increase in the antenatal identification of fetal problems, such as fetal lung lesions. Technological advances in transducer and software technology have remarkably improved visualization of structures in the fetus. Additionally, newer understanding of the natural course of several malformations and new methods of in utero treatment, the evolution of fetal surgical techniques and anesthesia have made fetal surgery possible and have changed the course of evolution of lung defects before and after birth. Therefore, there is now an increasing demand for an accurate and timely diagnosis, counseling, and planning of appropriate management of the cases whether expectant management or in utero therapy at perinatal care centers with timely perinatal transfer.

How to cite this article

Sen C, Yayla M, Api O, Goynumer G. Fetal Lung Surgery. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):271-296.
Professionally responsible for counseling Pregnant Women about Abortion and Feticide
Authors: McCullough Laurence B , Chervenak Frank A
Published: July 2019

We provide comprehensive, practical guidance for physicians on when to offer, recommend, perform, and refer patients for induced abortion and feticide based on the professional responsibility model of obstetric ethics. We begin by defining clinical terminology and elucidating autonomy-based and beneficencebased obligations as well as professional conscience and individual conscience. The obstetrician's role in counseling the pregnant woman about abortion and feticide should be based primarily on professional conscience, which is shaped by autonomy-based and beneficence-based obligations of the obstetrician to the pregnant and fetal patients, with important but limited constraints originating in individual conscience.

How to cite this article

Chervenak FA, McCullough LB. Professionally responsible for counseling Pregnant Women about Abortion and Feticide. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):321-325.
Ultrasound-based Decision Making on Stimulation Protocol for IVF Cycles
Authors: Nagori Chaitanya
Published: July 2019

The essential quality of a successful assisted reproductive technology cycle is selection of the correct stimulation protocol for individual patient. This in our study is done by combining ultrasound parameters with the basic biometric parameters [age and body mass index (BMI)] of individual patient to tailor the stimulation protocol for every patient. The parameters used on ultrasound were ovarian size (volume), number of antral follicles, ovarian stromal resistance index and peak systolic velocity (PSV). We developed a scoring system using the abovementioned parameters. The score of the patient was used to calculate the dose of gonadotropins for ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. In our experience, this scoring system has been proved to be very effective for optimum stimulation that would significantly reduce the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and also reduce the multiple pregnancy rates to acceptable levels.

How to cite this article

Panchal S, Nagori C. Ultrasound-based Decision Making on Stimulation Protocol for IVF Cycles. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):330-337.
Audio-Visual Aid: An Effective Means to improve Parental Awareness toward Habits and Malocclusion Prevention in Children
Authors: Kiran K , Dwivedi Swati , Arora Satyaki , Singal Deepa , Nikhra Varun , Chandra Neeraj
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Malocclusion is a very prevalent disorder of children. These disorders are frequently the result of deleterious oral habits. These disorders and their etiology are very difficult to explain to the parent, but the advent of audio-visual aids has solved this dilemma for the clinician. They allow the clinician to make the parents understand problems and also to compare with normal individuals.

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the awareness of parent toward malocclusion and the efficiency of audio-visual aid in improving parent awareness and compliance toward treatment.

Materials and methods

A sample size of 100 was estimated which were selected randomly from patients coming to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, IDS Bareilly. An audio-visual aid was prepared describing the oral habits and their associated malocclusions. A self-prepared questionnaire was presented to the parent before and after the audio-visual aid was shown to them. Their awareness and change in attitude was recorded.

Results

There was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) improvement in the knowledge and attitude toward treatment after audio-visual aids were used.

Conclusion

Audio-visual aid is effective in improving awareness toward malocclusion caused due to oral habits.

How to cite this article

Chandra S, Singal D, Arora S, Dwivedi S, Kiran K, Nikhra V, Chandra N. Audio-Visual Aid: An Effective Means to Improve Parental Awareness toward Habits and Malocclusion Prevention in Children. World J Dent 2014;5(2):98-101.
Evaluation of the Action of Chelating Agents on the Microhardness of Superficial Layer of Root Canal Lumen Dentin
Authors: Raghavendra Srinidhi Surya , Napte Bandu Devrao
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate the effect of different chelating agents on the microhardness of the superficial dentin layer of the root canal lumen.

Materials and methods

Forty-two extracted single rooted teeth were instrumented, and the roots were longitudinally sectioned in a buccolingual direction to expose the entire canal extension. The specimens were randomly distributed in four groups according to the final irrigation: Glyde File Prep (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), RC Help (Prime Dental Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India), Endo Prep RC (Stedman Anabond, Chennai, India), Dolo Endogel (Prevest Denpro Ltd, Jammu, India). A standardized volume of 50 ml of each chelating agent was used for 5 minutes. Dentin microhardness was measured with a Knoop indenter under a 50 gm load and a 15 seconds dwell time. Data was analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance ANOVA and post hoc multiple-comparison test at 5% significance level.

Results

Statistically significant difference was detected among the chelating agents by one-way ANOVA. Glyde File Prep and Dolo Endogel chelating agents differed significantly (p < 0.0001) in reduction of dentin microhardness from RC help and Endo Prep RC.

Conclusion

Glyde File Prep and Dolo Endogel are significantly better than RC Help and Endo Prep RC in reducing dentin microhardness.

How to cite this article

Napte BD, Srinidhi SR. Evaluation of the Action of Chelating Agents on the Microhardness of Superficial Layer of Root Canal Lumen Dentin. World J Dent 2014;5(2):124-128.
Factors affecting the Duration of Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars
Authors: Bede Salwan Y
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of demographic, clinical, and radiographic factors on the duration of surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included patients who underwent surgical removal of impacted lower third molars, and the investigated factors were demographic data including age and gender, radiographic data including the impacted tooth angulation and depth of impaction and ramus relation, and clinical data including the state of eruption of the impacted teeth. These factors were evaluated for association with the duration of surgery. Descriptive statistical analysis included percentages and mean ± standard deviation (SD). Student's t-test was used to compare means between two groups, while for comparing the means among three or more groups for statistical significance, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used.

Results

Forty patients were included: 20 (50%) males and 20 (50%) females. The age range was from 17 to 37 years with a mean ± SD of 23.4 ± 5.016 years. The duration of surgery (± SD) in all the patients ranged from 10 to 40 minutes with a mean of 25.8 ± 8.56 minutes. Clinically unerupted teeth and deep ramus relationship were associated with statistically significant increase in duration of surgical extraction.

Conclusion

This study identifies state of eruption and ramus relation to be significant predictive factors, whereas other investigated factors, namely, age of patient, sex, angulation of teeth, and depth of impaction, were found to be not significant in determining the duration of surgery and hence, the difficulty of extraction.

Clinical significance

Duration of surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars can be considered as an indicator for difficulty of surgical extraction. Difficult surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars can be anticipated in clinically unerupted teeth and those with deep ramus relationship.

How to cite this article

Bede SY. Factors affecting the Duration of Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars. World J Dent 2018;9(1):8-12.
Methodology for Stress Measurement by Transparent Dental Aligners using Strain Gauge
Authors: Juneja Mamta , Jindal Prashant , Bajaj Divya , Madhav Ishan , Tuli Rakesh
Published: July 2019

Aim

Orthodontic tooth movement is a pressing issue nowadays. An increased esthetic demand during orthodontic treatment has resulted in several alternative treatments. However, the need to avoid conventional fixed orthodontic prosthesis has led to the usage of computer-aided scanning, imaging, and printing technology along with the emergence of transparent dental aligners. The motive of this study is to present methodology of measurement of the stress applied by transparent dental aligners on human teeth using a strain gauge-based measurement device.

Materials and methods

Three dimensional (3D) scanner, 3D printer, thermoforming machine, strain gauge, data acquisition device, 3Shape Ortho Analyzer software were used.

Results

For a full-bridge Wheatstone bridge data acquisition system (DAQ), a standard aligner can strain a constantan-based strain gauge by nearly 2.5 × 10—4. This is based on the strain gauge factor of 2, input voltage 5 V for which a change in voltage of 2.5 mV was detected. Young's modulus for constantan strain gauge is given as 17.5 MPa; hence, this produced a stress of nearly 4.38 × 10—3 MPa.

Conclusion

This article describes an effective and convenient methodology for orthodontic treatment design for patients with crowding problem using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software and, thereafter, printing different stages of maxilla and mandible using fused deposition modeling (FDM) rapid prototyping technique. A transparent aligner is fabricated using thermoforming process, and the applied stresses on manipulated teeth by aligner can be evaluated using a strain gauge-based DAQ.

Clinical significance

This approach is expected to understand the efficacy of the thermoformed aligners for teeth movements by calculating applied forces and stresses.

How to cite this article

Bajaj D, Madhav I, Juneja M, Tuli R, Jindal P. Methodology for Stress Measurement by Transparent Dental Aligners using Strain Gauge. World J Dent 2018;9(1):13-18.
Frontal Sinus as an aid in Gender Identification in Forensic Dentistry: A Retrospective Study using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Binnal Almas , Jacob Anu S
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of our study was to measure the frontal sinus morphology that could aid us in gender determination and also to assess the difference in measurements between the right and left frontal sinus.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was done using 100 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images (50 males and 50 females) matched with age and gender with full field of view (FOV). The examinations were carried out using Promax 3DMid (Planmeca Oy., Helsinki, Finland) CBCT unit. The frontal sinus was assessed in coronal, sagittal, and axial planes, and the maximum measurements in each section were recorded. The results to compare the right and left frontal sinus were analyzed using paired t-tests, and independent Student's t-test was used to compare the difference in measurements of frontal sinus between males and females.

Results

We found that the left side of the frontal sinus was bigger than the right side, and while comparing between the genders, it was found that the measurements were greater in males. Statistically significant results were obtained on comparing between the sides and gender.

Conclusion

As mentioned in previous studies, frontal sinus measurements are significantly higher in males compared with females which can, therefore, be used in gender identification in cases of mass disasters.

Clinical significance

Frontal sinus measurements can be used as an adjunct in gender identification in mass disasters and with advances in technology. Cone beam computed tomography, in addition to providing accurate measurements, has overcome all the disadvantages with two-dimensional imaging.

How to cite this article

Denny C, Jacob AS, Ahmed J, Natarajan S, Binnal A, Sujir N. Frontal Sinus as an aid in Gender Identification in Forensic Dentistry: A Retrospective Study using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2018;9(1):34-37.
A Systematic Review of the Hemorrhage Risk for Patients on Antithrombotic Medication after Dental Procedures
Authors: Pirlog Cristian D , Pirlog Alina M , Maghiar Teodor
Published: July 2019

Aim

Antithrombotic medication represents a challenge for any dental practitioner due to the possible hemorrhage complications that can be associated with an important morbidity/mortality risk. The objective of the present literature review is to establish which dental procedures have a risk to increase the incidence of hemorrhage in patients on antithrombotic therapy.

Materials and methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, and DiscoverEd databases. The inclusion criteria used were as follows: Current antithrombotic therapy, invasive dental procedures, and postoperative incidence of bleeding follow-up.

Results

A total of 14 clinical studies and 5 literature reviews were selected after the initial screening. The incidence of hemorrhage was assessed for dental implant placements, dental extractions, simple dental procedures, and periodontal treatment.

Conclusion

A well-coagulated patient can safely have invasive dental procedures in a hospital environment or nonhospital setting without having their antithrombotic therapy altered. Local hemostatic measures can offer a proper hemorrhage control.

How to cite this article

Pirlog CD, Pirlog AM, Maghiar T. A Systematic Review of the Hemorrhage Risk for Patients on Antithrombotic Medication after Dental Procedures. World J Dent 2018;9(1):59-67.
Introducing a Method to facilitate making Acrylic Resin Bars for Splinting Multiple Implant Impression Copings
Authors: Ghodsi Safoura , Rasaeipour Sasan , Aghandeh Ramin
Published: July 2019

Introduction

With the growth in implant application and observing complications associated with nonpassively fit prostheses, various techniques have been proposed to enhance the accuracy of transferring implants’ position from the patient mouth to laboratory worktable. The present article introduces an applicable method for the same purpose.

Aim

The present study aims to introduce an easy and applicable method to achieve a precise impression of multiple implants in the logical timeframe with minimal effort.

Technique

Acrylic resin bars were fabricated in different widths and kept to be adapted to the position of implant impression copings for accurate impression.

Conclusion

The explained method could facilitate precise transferring of implants’ position from the mouth to laboratory in a practical and predictable manner.

Clinical significance

Introduction of a method providing an accurate impression of the implants with accessible equipment will significantly improve the treatment quality and prognosis.

How to cite this article

Aghandeh R, Rasaeipour S, Ghodsi S. Introducing a Method to facilitate making Acrylic Resin Bars for Splinting Multiple Implant Impression Copings. World J Dent 2018;9(1):76-78.
An Unusual Presentation of Partial Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels, and Low Platelet Levels Syndrome in a Case of in vitro Fertilization-DEM Pregnancy
Authors: Garg Nupur , Govind Revathi , Avula Smitha
Published: July 2019

Pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or autoimmune conditions is complicated by complementmediated injury and is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. Immunological intolerance between the mother and the fetus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The present case highlights the influence of susceptibility to preeclampsia/hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet levels (HELLP) syndrome due to preexisting autoimmune conditions.In vitrofertilization (IVF)- Donor embryo pregnancy (DEM) pregnancy is one such unique scenario where there exists partial immunological disparity between the native intrauterine environment and the implanted donor embryo that could predispose to autoimmune problems in pregnancy. This case illustrates a similar scenario in which a pregnant woman with IVF-DEM conception and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive status manifested with a normotensive partial HELLP syndrome which was reiterated by the fact that there was clinical evidence of retroperitoneal hemorrhage intraoperatively during cesarean along with the neonate who was diagnosed to have L-carnitine deficiency, which is unique to fetuses with mothers of HELLP syndrome.

How to cite this article

Garg N, Govind R, Avula S, Rao KA. An Unusual Presentation of Partial Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels, and Low Platelet Levels Syndrome in a Case ofin vitroFertilization-DEM Pregnancy. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):73-75.
Gingival Biotype in the Maxillary Esthetic Zone: A Pilot Study comparing Three Noninvasive Assessment Methods
Authors: Nettemu Sunil K , Nettem Sowmya , Paulose Bryan J , How Vi V , Singh Vijendra P
Published: July 2019

This pilot study aims to compare reliability of visual, probe transparency, and soft tissue cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods for estimating gingival biotype in maxillary esthetic zone. This study included 10 patients with indications for dental implant therapy in the esthetic zone of maxilla. Visually, the gingival biotype in the maxillary esthetic zone was examined by two examiners. Subsequently, the gingival sulcus was probed and observed for its transparency, and soft tissue thickness was measured using soft tissue CBCT. A 100% correlation was found between probe transparency and visual inspection. When comparing visual inspection and probe transparency to soft tissue CBCT, a statistical discrepancy of 57.1% was found. However, the p-value of 0.125 indicated a nonsignificant difference. As per our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the reliabilities of these three noninvasive biotype assessments.

How to cite this article

Nettemu SK, Nettem S, Paulose BJ, How VV, Singh VP. Gingival Biotype in the Maxillary Esthetic Zone: A Pilot Study comparing Three Noninvasive Assessment Methods. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(4):85-88.
Localized Laryngeal Amyloidosis
Authors: Baruah Ronica , Kalita Abhijit
Published: July 2019

Amyloidosis in head and neck is rare but a benign disease. Among the sites in head and neck, larynx is the most commonly involved. A 40-year-old female had presented with hoarseness of voice and dyspnea with a mass in false vocal cord, which was biopsied and diagnosed as amyloidosis. After excluding systemic diseases, final diagnosis of localized laryngeal amyloidosis was given.

How to cite this article

Baruah R, Khaund G, Kalita A. Localized Laryngeal Amyloidosis. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):32-34.
Single vs Two-session Root Canal Treatment: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Study using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: de Castro Rizzi-Maia Claudia , Maia-Filho Etevaldo M , Segato Raquel AB , Paula-Silva Francisco WG , da Silva Pereira Sângela M , da Silva Léa AB
Published: July 2019

Aims

To compare root canal treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) in a single or two visits, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

Twenty-six pairs of teeth (13 patients) were assigned to two groups: Group single-session (GSS): Instrumentation and root canal filling in the same session; and group two-session (GTS): A calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (Calen®paste) was used for 14 days between two sessions. Cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained before and 12 months after treatment. The pre- and postoperative volume of the AP lesions was measured in mm3. The percentages of volume reduction was compared using Student's t-test and the existence of significant difference between the groups for cases with ≤50% or > 50% lesion volume reduction was assessed by chi-squared test ratio likelihood test (α = 5%).

Results

The volume reduction was greater in GTS (79.25%) than GSS (68.35%), though without significant difference (p > 0.05). After 12 months, complete repair was not observed in any specimen. Lesion volume reduction > 50% was significantly greater with the use of an intracanal medication (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Twelve months posttreatment, CBCT did not show complete repair in any of the teeth, suggesting that this follow-up period is not sufficient for complete lesion regression. In both groups, similar AP lesion volume reduction was observed after 12 months, with a more advanced repair (> 50% volume reduction) in the teeth medicated with calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing.

Clinical significance

Calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing provided clinical evidence to indicate its use in teeth with apical periodontitis prior to definitive root canal filling.

How to cite this article

de Castro Rizzi-Maia C, Maia-Filho EM, Nelson-Filho P, Segato RAB, de Queiroz AM, Paula-Silva FWG, da Silva Pereira SM, Borges AH, da Silva LAB. Single vs Twosession Root Canal Treatment: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Study using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):515-521.
Assessment of Facial Soft Tissue Dimensions in Adult Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Classes using Cone beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y , Ajaj Mowaffak A , Jazmati Heba M
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Few studies utilized cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate soft tissue dimensions in malocclusion patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue relationships of adult patients according to their gender and skeletal sagittal class using CBCT.

Materials and methods

The study sample consisted of 96 CBCT images of patients of both genders; aged 18 to 25 years with a normal vertical skeletal pattern. Patients were segregated into three groups according to their skeletal sagittal class: Class I (2 < ANB < 4), class II (ANB > 4), and class III (ANB < 2). The soft tissue measurements were analyzed in both the sagittal views and frontal volumetric rendered views using 3D-OnDemand software.

Results

In males, the measurements (U1-stom, nasal width, mouth width) were greater in class I than in class II group. Lower lip thickness was greater in class I than in class III group (p < 0.05). In females, both labiomental fold thickness and upper lip height measurements showed greater mean values in class II than in class I group. In contrast, lower lip height was greater in class I than in class III group. Ls-Pr, U1-stom, and face width at Cheilion revealed greater values in class III patients than in class II patients. On the other hand, the lower lip thickness, upper lip height, and lower lip height measurements showed greater values in class II than in class III group (p < 0.05). Soft tissue thicknesses and measurements were greater in males than in females. However, statistically significant differences between the two sexes were not detected for all of the variables measured in each skeletal class.

Conclusion

The current study indicates the presence of differences in soft tissue thicknesses and facial soft tissue dimensions among skeletal classes and between the two sexes.

Clinical significance

Cone beam computed tomography imaging is a very valuable tool to analyze 3D soft tissue characteristics of patients with different skeletal patterns of malocclusion.

How to cite this article

Jazmati HM, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY. Assessment of Facial Soft Tissue Dimensions in Adult Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Classes using Cone beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):542-548.
An in vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Three Endodontic Sealers with Different Composition
Authors: Gupta Iti , Singh Gurpreet , Elshamy Faheim MM , Homeida Husham E , Boreak Nezar
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial property of newly introduced EndoSequence BC sealer with commonly used zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer (Zical) and epoxy resin-based sealer (MM-Seal) against Candida albicans, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Materials and methods

The agar diffusion test was done to measure the antimicrobial activity of sealers. The sealers were put in the 4 mm wells prepared in the inoculated agar plates. The agar plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the zones of inhibition that appeared was measured. Chi-square test was done to evaluate intraobserver bias for all study samples. Intergroup comparison was done for all five parameters using Pearson correlation statistical analysis.

Results

EndoSequence BC sealer showed maximum mean of diameter of zones of inhibition against all the microorganisms but with no statistically significant difference with other sealers. Zical did not show any zone of inhibition against the P. aeruginosa. MM-Seal did not show any inhibitory activity against the P. aeruginosa and C. albicans.

Conclusion

EndoSequence BC sealer showed antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms and proved to be a better choice when compared with other two sealers.

Clinical significance

Antimicrobial properties of endodontic sealers are important to prevent the persistent infection of the complex root canals. EndoSequence BC sealer has been proved to be a better sealer in this aspect.

How to cite this article

Singh G, Elshamy FMM, Homeida HE, Boreak N, Gupta I. An in vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Three Endodontic Sealers with Different Composition. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):553-556.
Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Prognosis of Endodontic Therapy: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis
Authors: Sachdeva Jyoti , Sarin Anurag , Gupta Ajai , Sachdeva Shobhit
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Success of root canal therapy (RCT) is largely dependent upon the quality of biomechanical preparation and obturation of the pulp canal. Improperly cleaned or shaped root canal, regardless of the type of obturation method and obturating material, cannot lead to the success of endodontic therapy. Hence, we conducted a clinical comparative analysis of two obturating techniques.

Materials and methods

A total of 140 patients receiving RCT at the department of Endodontic were included in the present study. The average follow-up time for the patients was 29 months (18–38 months). Patients were grouped into two depending on the type of obturating technique used. Evaluation of the clinical and radiographic follow-up records of the patients was done and analysis was made. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for assessing the level of significance.

Results

The average age of the patients undergoing obturation with carrier-based obturation (CO) technique and lateral compaction (LC) technique was 43 and 48 years respectively. While comparing failure and success of the teeth at the time of follow-up, nonsignificant results were obtained. Significant difference was seen, while comparing the presence of voids and type of teeth in which endodontic therapy was performed using different obturating techniques.

Conclusion

Endodontic therapy done with LC obturating technique or with CO technique shows prognostic difference on the outcome or quality of treatment therapy.

Clinical significance

Quality of obturation is more important rather than type while performing endodontic therapy for better prognosis.

How to cite this article

Sarin A, Gupta P, Sachdeva J, Gupta A, Sachdeva S, Nagpal R. Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Prognosis of Endodontic Therapy: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):582-586.
Oral Leukoplakia: Clinicopathological Correlation and Its Relevance to Regional Tobacco-related Habit Index
Authors: Shetty Prashanth , Hegde Shweta , Vinod KS , Kalra Salona , Goyal Prasoon , Patel Mimansha
Published: July 2019

Introduction

A case control study was carried out to evaluate the synergistic effects of habits quantified by habit index and its effect and severity on the clinicopathological features of oral leukoplakia in a cohort of 100 patients visiting Triveni Dental College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Materials and methods

One hundred patients indulging in tobacco-related habits (smoking and smokeless forms) were categorized into two groups: A case/experimental group consisting of 50 patients presenting with oral leukoplakia lesion and a control group consisting of 50 patients with no clinical signs of oral leukoplakia. Habit index was calculated in both groups. Case group was further subjected to incisional biopsy of the lesion followed by histopathological examination. All the variables in the study were statistically analyzed for the mean, standard deviation, i.e., value of central tendency, z-test, test of significance, and Pearson's correlation (r-test).

Results

For p < 0.05 bidi habit index was significantly higher in the case group. Higher bidi habit index was evident in the severe stages of lesion ice, p < 0.001 (highly significant). The degree of dysplasia was higher with advancing clinical stage of the lesion.

Conclusion

Higher bidi habit index in the case group contributed significantly for severe stages of lesion and thereby indicates its probable progression toward malignancy. Nonhomogenous leukoplakia of the speckled subtype exhibited moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia. Hence, quantification of tobacco-related habits and the clinical appearance of the premalignant lesion predict the risk of subsequent malignant transformation of the disease.

How to cite this article

Shetty P, Hegde S, Vinod KS, Kalra S, Goyal P, Patel M. Oral Leukoplakia: Clinicopathological Correlation and Its Relevance to Regional Tobacco-related Habit Index. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):601-608.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Dental Luting Cements on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro Study
Authors: Khan S , Feroz SMA , Bhoyar A
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the antibacterial activity of six types of dental luting cements onStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillus acidophilususing the agar diffusion test (ADT) and the direct-contact test (DCT). The antibacterial activity in ADT was measured based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition formed, whereas in DCT the density of the bacterial suspension was measured. The lower the density of the suspension, the more antibacterial activity the cement possesses.

Materials and methods

Agar diffusion test was carried out on the bacteria. After an incubation period of 24 hours, the plates were checked for the presence of zone of inhibition. In DCT the cement was mixed and applied. Once the cement was set, bacterial suspension and brain–heart infusion medium was poured and incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the plate was placed in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader, which measured the optical density of the fluid. The first set of data was recorded approximately 1 hour after incubation. Overall, three sets of data were recorded. Additional experiments were performed on set test materials that were allowed to age for 24 hours, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months.

Results

When using ADT only two cements zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and zinc polycarboxylate (ZPC) cement showed antibacterial activity against the test organisms. When using DCT, all cements showed some amount of antibacterial activity. Zinc oxide eugenol and ZPC cement showed highest amount of antibacterial activity againstS. mutansandL. acidophilusrespectively.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of study, ZOE cement and ZPC cement were most effective against the tested microorganisms followed by the newer resin cement. The glass ionomer cement was the weakest of all.

Clinical significance

Patients with high caries index can be treated more effectively using the abovementioned cements.

How to cite this article

Feroz SMA, Bhoyar A, Khan S. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Dental Luting Cements onStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillus acidophilus: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):973-977.
Surface Hardness of Dental Composite Resin Restorations in Response to Preventive Agents
Authors: Al-Samadani Khalid H
Published: July 2019

Introduction

To assess the impact of using preventive mouthwash agents on the surface hardness of various resins composites.

Materials and methods

Hundred specimens were prepared from five types of composite resin material in a Teflon mold. Five specimens from each type of restorative materials (Herculite XRV Ultra, Estelite Σ Quick, Z Hermack, Versa Comp Sultan, and Empress Direct IPS) were evaluated posttreatment with immersion in four types of preventive mouthwashes gels and rinses – group 1: Flocare gel (0.4% stannous fluoride), group 2: Pascal gel (topical APF fluoride), group 3: Pro-relief mouthwash (Na fluoride), and group 4: Plax Soin mouthwash (Na fluoride) – at 37°C in a dark glass container at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Surface hardness measurement was made for each tested material. Statistically, we analyzed the mean values with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, with significance level of p < 0.05.

Results

All composite resin materials showed decrease in their surface hardness with the time elapsed (24, 48, and 72 hours) postimmersion in the preventive mouthwashes and gels except the Herculite XRV Ultra and Versa Comp Sultan materials. Flocare gel group showed increase in the surface hardness after 48 hours of immersion than the other periods and in Estelite Σ Quick after 72 hours. There was significant differences in all materials tested with the immersion in the preventive mouthwashes and gels, such as Flocare gel (0.4% stannous fluoride), Pro-relief mouthwash (Na fluoride), and Plax Soin mouthwash (Na fluoride) except Pascal gel (topical APF fluoride) (p > 0.05), at time intervals mentioned earlier (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The effect of preventive mouthwashes and gels on resin composite materials was decreased surface hardness with the time elapse of immersion for all materials except the Flocare gel group, which contains 0.4% stannous fluoride as a preventive ingredient increases the surface hardness after 48 h for Herculite XRV Ultra and Versa Comp Sultan and Estelite Σ Quick after 72 hours.

Clinical significance

The preventive agents in the form of mouthwash and gel are used to prevent oral diseases that affect the surface hardness of composite resin, and this leads to occlusion, color stability, and surface roughness.

How to cite this article

Al-Samadani KH, Surface Hardness of Dental Composite Resin Restorations in Response to Preventive Agents. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):978-984
Influence of Dentin Deproteinization on Bonding Degradation: 1-year Results
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Bresciani Eduardo , Pucci César R , Barbosa Natália R , Yui Karen CK , Huhtala Maria Filomena RL , Barcellos Daphne C
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The decalcification protocol of dentin surface with sodium hypochlorite removes the exposed collagen fibrils and could improve the longevity of the bonding interface. This study evaluated the influence of collagen removal with 10% sodium hypochlorite (10% NaOCl) on the longitudinal shear bond strength (SBS) of adhesives to dentin.

Materials and methods

Seventy-two extracted human molars were sectioned and the buccal and lingual surfaces were flattened and acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. The specimens were divided into six groups (n = 12 teeth – 24 sections), according to adhesive and collagen removal protocol: group 1: UNO Dentastic; group 2: Prime and Bond NT; group 3: Single Bond; group 4: 10% NaOCl + UNO Dentastic; group 5: 10% NaOCl + Prime and Bond NT; group 6: 10% NaOCl + Single Bond. Composite Z100 buildup was prepared, and the SBS test was assessed after 24 hours and 1 year. Data were submitted to three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p < 0.05).

Results

The mean values (MPa) were for 24 hours: G1: 22.45B; G2: 7.90DE; G3: 12.56CD; G4: 19.85BC; G5: 33.73A; G6: 20.77B; and for 1 year: G1: 2.43E; G2: 2.26E; G3: 4.3DE; G4: 18.79BC; G5: 26.49AB; G6: 22.73B.

Conclusion

Dentin deproteinization treatment with 10% NaOCI influenced the SBS compared with conventional treatment. The negative influence on SBS detected for conventional groups at 1-year interval was not detected for deproteinized groups.

Clinical relevance

The longevity of hybrid layer is critical due to the hydrolysis process at the adhesive interface over time. The use of 10% NaOCl deproteinization protocol might improve the longevity of bonding in adhesive restorations.

How to cite this article

Pucci CR, Barbosa NR, Bresciani E, Yui KCK, Huhtala MFRL, Barcellos DC, Torres CRG. Influence of Dentin Deproteinization on Bonding Degradation: 1-year Results. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):985-989.
Rebamipide to Manage Stomatopyrosis in Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Baptist Joanna , Shakya Shrijana
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) causes progressive debilitating symptoms, such as oral burning sensation (stomatopyrosis) and limited mouth opening. The standard of care (SOC) protocol includes habit cessation, intralesional steroid and hyaluronidase injections, and mouth opening exercises. The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy of rebamipide in alleviating burning sensation of the oral mucosa in OSF in comparison with SOC intralesional steroid injections.

Materials and methods

Twenty OSF patients were divided into two groups [rebamipide (100 mg TID for 21 days) and betamethasone (4 mg/mL biweekly for 4 weeks)] of 10 each by random sampling. Burning sensation was assessed every week for 1 month. Burning sensation scores were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test.

Results

Change in burning sensation score was significant (p < 0.05) in the first four visits. However, score between the 4th and 5th visit was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study has shown that rebamipide can be considered as an effective modality to manage burning sensation in patients suffering from OSF.

Clinical significance

Considering stomatopyrosis and trismus as a major cause for inability to eat in OSF, use of newer adjunctive modalities, such as rebamipide will ease patients suffering and also encourage them to consume food.

How to cite this article

Baptist J, Shakya S, Ongole R. Rebamipide to Manage Stomatopyrosis in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):1009-1012.
Ion Release and Galvanic Corrosion of Different Orthodontic Brackets and Wires in Artificial Saliva
Authors: Tahmasbi Soodeh , Sheikh Tahereh , Hemmati Yasamin B
Published: July 2019

Introduction

To investigate the galvanic corrosion of brackets manufactured by four different companies coupled with stainless steel (SS) or nickel–titanium (NiTi) wires in an artificial saliva solution.

Materials and methods

A total of 24 mandibular central incisor Roth brackets of four different manufacturers (American Orthodontics, Dentaurum, Shinye, ORJ) were used in this experimental study. These brackets were immersed in artificial saliva along with SS or NiTi orthodontic wires (0.016”, round) for 28 days. The electric potential difference of each bracket/ wire coupled with a saturated calomel reference electrode was measured via a voltmeter and recorded constantly. Corrosion rate (CR) was calculated, and release of ions was measured with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Stereomicroscope was used to evaluate all samples. Then, samples with corrosion were further assessed by scanning electron microscope and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data.

Results

Among ions evaluated, release of nickel ions from Shinye brackets was significantly higher than that of other brackets. The mean potential difference was significantly lower in specimens containing a couple of Shinye brackets and SS wire compared with other specimens. No significant difference was observed in the mean CR of various groups (p>0.05). Microscopic evaluation showed corrosion in two samples only: Shinye bracket coupled with SS wire and American Orthodontics bracket coupled with NiTi wire.

Conclusion

Shinye brackets coupled with SS wire showed more susceptibility to galvanic corrosion. There were no significant differences among specimens in terms of the CR or released ions except the release of Ni ions, which was higher in Shinye brackets.

How to cite this article

Tahmasbi S, Sheikh T, Hemmati YB. Ion Release and Galvanic Corrosion of Different Orthodontic Brackets and Wires in Artificial Saliva. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):222-227.
Early Orthognathic Surgery: A Review
Authors: Alwadei Saleh
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Management of growing patients with severe developmental jaw abnormalities can be very difficult. Early surgical intervention may be warranted in situations where function (e.g., mastication, swallowing, breathing, or speech) and/or psychological well-being could be negatively affected. Many surgeons and orthodontists are reluctant to recommend a surgical treatment option for growing patients with severe developmental jaw abnormalities because of their age. Specific surgical procedures can be performed during growth to correct developmental jaw abnormalities with predictable results. A sound understanding of the facial growth and the effects of the surgical procedures on subsequent growth is essential when managing growing patients with severe developmental jaw abnormalities. Children with severely progressive congenital deficiencies affecting function/health should be distinguished from ones with severe developmental jaw abnormalities that can be managed later in life. In this review, we will focus on the management of growing patients with developmental jaw abnormalities who seek orthodontic treatment, rather than patients with progressive congenital deformities affecting function and/or health.

How to cite this article

Alwadei S. Early Orthognathic Surgery: A Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):250-256.