bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KESESUAIAN RUMUS DJAGRA DAN PITA UKUR TERHADAP BOBOT BADAN SAPI BALI JANTAN DI RUMAH POTONG HEWAN (RPH) KABUPATEN MERAUKE
Authors: Barata Wisnu , Saiya Henny V , Indriastuti A. Tenny Damayanti
Published: July 2019

This study aims to provide information on the suitability of measuring tape with the Djagra formula on the body weight of Bali cattle in abattoir (RPH) of Merauke Regency. This research had been conducted for 2 months, starting from August to October 2017. The methods used in this research are descriptive and direct survey on the male cattle. The parameter measured includes body weight, body length, and chest circumference on male Bali cattle. The Assessment of body weight of Bali males made using several measuring components such as measuring tape, scales and Djagra formula. Variable of measurement approaches the real weight that used the measuring tape. Based on result that the using of measuring tape has potential value closer to the real scale than the value of measurement using the Djagra formula. The Djagra formula is not suitable for measuring male Bali cattle.

Keywords: Djagra formula; measuring tape; Bali cattle
APLIKASI MOBILE BERBASIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (GIS) UNTUK MENENTUKAN LOKASI DAN KERUSAKAN LAMPU LALU LINTAS DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE
Authors: Jayawardana Hasanudin , Loppies Stanly H.D.
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan aplikasi untuk melaporkan lokasi dan jenis kerusakan pada lampu lalu lintas di wilayah Kabupaten di mana dapat terjadi kerusakan lampu lalu lintas di beberapa tempat sekaligus. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, dilakukan pengambilan titik-titik lokasi lampu lalu lintas dengan menggunakan GPS dan memetakannya pada Google map. Pada lampu lalu lintas yang rusak dicatat jenis kerusakannya sebagai masukan pada aplikasi yangnantinya akan dikembangkan. Terdapat sebanyak 12 titik lokasi lampu lalu lintas di Kabupaten Merauke. Saat penelitian berjalan, ditemukan beberapa kerusakan seperti misalnya lampu lalu lintas yang tidak menyala secara lengkap, tidak menyala sama sekali, atau hanya menyala pada warna tertentu secara berulang dan terus menerus. APlikasi yang dikembangkan merupakan aplikasi yang berbasis android dan dapat dijalankan pada perangkat komunikasi dengan sistem oprasi Android. Pada aplikasi ini terdapat menu yang menampilkan data lokasi lampu lalu lintas, dan menu untuk mengisi data-data terkaitlokasi dan kerusakan lampu lalu lintas. Data tersebut kemudian dikirimkan ke komputer petugas yang ditugaskan untuk memantau kerusakan lampu lalu lintas. Tampilan laporan kerusakan berupa halaman web yang meliputi nama pengirim, lokasi lampu yang dilaporkan, serta jenis kerusakan lampu lalu lintas tersebut.

Kata Kunci: lampu lalu lintas, android, GIS
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF CORAL FUNGIIDAE ON MALALAYANG WATERS
Authors: Mampuk Friska , Tioho Hanny , Kusen Janny D.
Published: July 2019

Fungiidae known as a solitaire coral, attachment and also free living and has capability of individual move for migrate.  Their mobility allows them to expand the area, providing a hard substrate for coral recruitment and shelter for other invertebrates.  The objective of this study was to examine the density and distribution of fungiid corals in Malalayang waters. The data were collected from September to December 2012 at four different areas.  The results of this study showed that the highest density of fungiid corals were occurred on the front reef study site and mostly by Fungia danai (0,62 ind/m2), compared with other species such as Herpolitha limax (0,25 ind/m2), F. paumotensis (0,19 ind/m2), F. fungites (0,18 ind/m2), F. granulosa (0,18 ind/m2) and with an aggregated pattern of distribution.   Fungiid corals found in this study were mostly relatively more on the reef flat compared to the reef slope.
Studi Perubahan Lahan Pantai Kolongan Di Kelurahan Malalayang Dua Kota Manado
Authors: Mumu Richard R. , Djamaluddin Rignolda , Tarumingkeng Adrie A.
Published: July 2019

TeridentifikasiPantai Kolongan telah dimanfaatkan secara intensif, salah satunya yaitu dengandibangunnya bangunan pelindung pantai T-groins.Efektivitas peran bangunan pelindung pantai T-groinsdalam meredamaksi faktor hidro-oseanografi serta menjalankan fungsinya dalam menangkapsedimen, merupakan faktor yang dikaji dalam studi ini. Diketahui bahwa faktorhidro-oseanografi sebagai agen geomorfik, merupakan kontributor terbesar dalamproses perkembangan suatu lahan pantai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan caramengamati kondisi lahan pantai dan menganalisis perubahan lahan pantai melaluipengamatan citra google sertamenganalisis karakteristik arus yang terjadi pada lahan yang diobservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan T-groinsmelindungi lahan pantai dibelakangnya. Hal ini ditunjang dengan hasil pengukurankemiringan lereng yang menunjukkan keberadaan lereng pantai yang cenderungdatar danlandai. Berdasarkan hasil analisis granulometri sedimen, Pantai Kolongansementara atau sedang dalam proses pendeposisian sedimen. Data hasil pengukuran arus di Pantai Kolongan bervariasi di setiap titikpengamatan, dengan kisaran kecepatan arus 0,08 knot – 0,47 knot saat pasang dan0,27 knot – 0,55 knot saat surut.
Aktivitas Sitotoksik Dari Ekstrak Bintang Ular (Ophiomastix annulosa) Terhadap Perkembangan Awal Embrio Bulu Babi (Tripneustes gratilla)
Authors: Mangindaan Remy E. P. , Lesnussa Margareth S. P.
Published: July 2019

Penelitian di bidang alam bahari telah berkembang ditandai dengan ditemukannya substansi-substansi seperti sitotoksik, antimikroba, antifungi dan sebagainya yang dibutuhkan dalam penyediaan bahan-bahan farmasi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi ada tidaknya substansi sititoksik pada bintang ular Ophimastix annulosa dan menelusuri keberadaan senyawanya.  Sampel diekstraksi dengan pelarut metanol, kemudian dipartisi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, heksan dan kloroform.  Tiap fraksi diuji pada sel telur bulu babi (Tripneustes gratilla) sebelum dan sesudah difertilisasi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanolik O. annulosa dan ketiga fraksi (etil asetat, heksan dan kloroform)  memiliki substans sitotoksik.  keempat fraksi yang diuji mampu menghambat perkembangan  sel telur dan embrio bulu babi. fraksi kloroform menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik tertinggi dibandingkan ketiga fraksi lainnya  sehingga perlu dilakukan pemurnian lanjut untuk menemukan senyawa murni.
Morfologi Sargassum sp dI kepulauan RAJA AMPAT, PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Pansing Jenita , Gerung Grevo , Sondak Calvyn , Wagey Billy , Ompi Medy , Kondoy Khristin
Published: July 2019

Sargassum sp. merupakan salah satu sumberdaya alam pesisir yang memiliki fungsi ekologis dan ekonomis bagi masyarakat pesisir. Di Kepulauan Raja Ampat ini belum banyak alga Sargassum yang di eksplorasi. Alga Sargassum memiliki berbagai macam bentuk morfologi tallus, misalnya ada yang berbentuk seperti benang yang halus, bercabang banyak, berbentuk gelembung, daun yang lebar, bergerigi pada bagian daun dan bertalus lebar.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan mendeskripsikan morfologi Sargassum yang ditemukan di Kepulauan Raja Ampat, Papua Barat. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan ada 4 spesies di Pulau Yeftip Yefnawam (S. paniculatum, S. grevillei, S. cristaefolium), dan yang ditemukan di Pulau Salawati (S. polycystum).
Kondisi terumbu karang di pulau Salawati kabupaten Raja Ampat Papua Barat
Authors: Sagai Bonnke , Roeroe Kakaskasen , Manembu Indri
Published: July 2019

Terumbu karang adalah suatu ekosistem di laut dangkal tropis, di mana unsur penyusun utamanya karang batu, dengan berbagai biota lainnya yang hidup berasosiasi di dalamnya. Fenomena alam dan berbagai kegiatan antropogenik mengancam kesehatan maupun keberadaan terumbu karang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) atau Transek Foto Bawah Air dilakukan dengan pemotretan bawah air menggunakan kamera digital yang diberi pelindung (housing). Analisis gambar dengan menggunakan piranti software CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). Hasil penilaian kondisi kesehatan terumbu karang ditiga  Stasiun di Pulau Salawati, tutupan terumbu karang di setiap Stasiun adalah sebagai berikut, Stasiun 1 55,13% termasuk dalam kategori baik, Stasiun 2 15,80% termasuk dalam kategori buruk, dan Stasiun 3 18,20% termasuk dalam kategoti buruk.
Struktur komunitas foraminifera benthik berdasarkan habitat di perairan Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Bawole Jeine , Kusen Janny , Rimper Joice
Published: July 2019

Penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas foraminifera telah dilakukan di beberapa lokasi di perairan Sulawesi Utara yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis foraminifera benthik dan struktur komunitas berupa kepadatan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan dan dominansi. Juga untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran foraminifera secara umum. Pegambilan sampel foraminifera dilakukan di garis pantai di zona intertidal, di beberapa kedalaman, dan juga di ekosistim yang berbeda seperti mangrove, lamun dan terumbu karang. Sampel diambil secara volumetri di Desa Salurang (Stasiun 1), Desa Binebas (Stasiun 2), Desa Bulo (Stasiun 3), Kelurahan Malalayang (Stasiun 4, dan Kelurahan Molas (Stasiun 5). Koordinat dari masing-masing stasiun dicatat mengacu pada tampilan posisi koordinat pada alat GPS (Global Positioning System). Pada setiap titik di tiap stasiun sampel yang terdapat dalam sedimen pasir dan lumpur diambil menggunakan alat keruk sekop dan dimasukkan dalam wadah plastik berlabel ukuran 240 ml. Sampel selanjutnya dibawa ke Laboratorium Biologi Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan untuk proses identifikasi, pengambilan dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua substrat pada masing-masing stasiun penelitian terdiri dari pasir bercampur lumpur. Teridentifikasi ada sebanyak 10 spesies foraminifera pada semua stasiun penelitian dengan total individu sebanyak 1185 individu foraminifera. Struktur komunitas menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan individu tertinggi terdapat di Stasiun 4 yaitu pada spesies Baculogypsina sphaerulata. Pola penyebaran foraminifera per jenis per stasiun pada umumnya seragam, diikuti penyebaran mengelompok. Hanya ada satu jenis di satu titik pengamatan yang menunjukkan pola penyebaran acak. Penyebaran secara seragam atau merata merupakan pola penyebaran yang umumnya terjadi di alam.
Morfometri lereng kawasan sub-litoral pantai Malalayang II Kota Manado
Authors: Djabar Brama , Djamaluddin Rignolda , Rampengan Royke
Published: July 2019

Pemanfaatan pantai harus didukung oleh pemahaman yang baik tentang morfometri lereng ruang pantai tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan batimetri ruang dan pergerakan arus di kawasan sub-litoral Pantai Malalayang II, serta menganalisis kaitannya terhadap perubahan ruang pantai. Dengan menerapkan metode Lagrangian dan pengukuran kedalaman, diperoleh hasil bahwa ruang pantai bagian Barat memiliki perairan yang dangkal dibandingkan bagian Timur sehingga pergerakan arus relatif cepat di ruang tersebut. Analisis data batimetri menyimpulkan bahwa kawasan ini rentan terhadap erosi pantai, untuk itu disarankan adanya pembangunan pelindung pantai demi keamanan dan pengembangan pemukiman di kawasan Pantai Malalayang II
Rambatan gelombang di pantai Malalayang II
Authors: Bambulu Exer , Manengkey Hermanto , Rampengan Royke
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan topografi dasar perairan Pantai Malalayang II dalam bentuk peta batimetri dan menganalisis aktivitas gelombang dalam kaitannya dengan topografi dasar perairan. Kedalaman perairan Pantai Malalayang II telah berhasil ditelaah serta dianalisis dengan hasil kedalaman berkisar antara 1-31,8 m. Refraksi  dimulai pada kedalaman 21,23 m saat pasang dan memasuki laut dangkal pada kedalaman 1,96 m saat surut di musim Utara, sedangkan di musim Peralihan I gelombang mulai bergesekan dengan dasar perairan dimulai pada kedalaman 20,54 m disaat pasang dan memasuki laut dangkal  di kedalaman 1,85 m saat surut, kemudian di saat gelombang mulai bersentuhan dengan dasar perairan di musim Peralihan II mulai dari kedalaman  20,11 m disaat pasang dan saat memasuki laut dangkal dimulai pada kedalaman 1,96 m saat surut.  Perbedaan garis kedalaman saat gelombang mempengaruhi dasar perairan ini menyebabkan perbedaan jarak dari garis pantai dan juga jarak di antara garis kedalaman laut transisi dan laut dangkal
IDENTIFIKASI KOI HERVES VIRUS PADA IKAN MAS Cyprinus carpio DI SULAWESI UTARA TAHUN 2017 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK PCR DAN qPCR
Authors: Sultan Makkulau , Wullur Stenly , Tumbol Reiny A
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to detect the distribution of KHV disease in cultured common carps using conventional PCR and Real Time Quantitative PCR methods in North Sulawesi. The samples were taken from 6 aqua culture centres in North Sulawesi. The results of KHV detection by PCR method showed negative KHV infection because visualization does not form a specific band with the KHV gene that is at 409 bp. Detection of KHV of Ct (Quantification cycle) was greater than the LOD with a confidence level of 95% where Ct LOD is 8.71 for the smallest standard of 1.0x102 copies. Ct sample that was read based on qPCR amplification result which was 14,69-18,80 and the value of Ct NTC (Non Template Control) used as a negative control was 17.52.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan penyakit Koi Herves Virus pada ikan mas dengan menggunakan metode PCR dan qPCR di Sulawesi Utara. Sampel uji diambil dari 6 sentral budidaya di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode PCR diperoleh hasil deteksi yang negatif, karena visualisasi tidak terbentuk band spesifik dengan KHV, yaitu di 409 bp. Deteksi KHV dengan metode qPCR didapat hasil infeksi KHV yang negatif dilihat dari nilai rata-rata Ct (Quantification cycle) lebih besar dari LOD dengan tingkat kepercayaan (confident level) 95%. Nilai Ct LOD adalah 8,71 untuk standar terkecil 1,0x102 copies, sedangkan Ct sampel hasil amplifikasi qPCR adalah 14,69-18,80 dan nilai Ct NTC (Non Template Control) yang digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif adalah 17,52.
BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Ao Minlin , Liu Kun , Tang Xuekun , Li Zishun , Peng Qian , Huang Jing
Published: July 2019

A BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite (BTD) composite was synthesized via a modified sol–gel method and precipitation/calcination method for application as a photocatalyst and shows promise for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater upon visible-light irradiation. In the composite, diatomite was used as a carrier to support a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets. The results show that TiO2 nanoparticles and BiOCl nanosheets uniformly cover the surface of diatomite and bring TiO2 and BiOCl into close proximity. Rhodamine B was used as the target degradation product and visible light (λ > 400 nm) was used as the light source for the evaluation of the photocatalytic properties of the prepared BTD composite. The results show that the catalytic performance of the BTD composite under visible-light irradiation is much higher than that of TiO2 or BiOCl alone. When the molar ratio of BiOCl to TiO2 is 1:1 and the calcination temperature is 400 °C, the composite was found to exhibit the best catalytic effect. Through the study of the photocatalytic mechanism, it is shown that the strong visible-light photocatalytic activity of the BTD composite results mainly from the quick migration of photoelectrons from the conduction band of TiO2/diatomite to the surface of BiOCl, which promotes the separation effect and reduces the recombination rate of the photoelectron–hole pair. Due to the excellent catalytic performance, the BTD composite shows great potential for wide application in the field of sewage treatment driven by solar energy.
An improved, scalable synthesis of Notum inhibitor LP-922056 using 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one as a superior electrophilic chlorinating agent
Authors: Willis Nicky J , Bayle Elliott D , Papageorgiou George , Steadman David , Aktinson Benjamin N , Mahy William , Fish Paul V
Published: July 2019

Background: The carboxylesterase Notum has been shown to act as a key negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway by mediating the depalmitoleoylation of Wnt proteins. LP-922056 (1) is an orally active inhibitor of Notum. We are investigating the role of Notum in modulating Wnt signalling in the central nervous system and wished to establish if 1 would serve as a peripherally restricted control. An accessible and improved synthetic route would allow 1 to become more readily available as a chemical tool to explore the fundamental biology of Notum and build target validation to underpin new drug discovery programs.

 

Results:  An improved, scalable synthesis of 1 is reported. Key modifications include: (1) the introduction of the C7-cyclopropyl group was most effectively achieved with a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with MIDA-boronate 11 (5 → 6); and (2) C6 chlorination was performed with 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one (12) (6 → 7) as a mild selective electrophilic chlorination agent.  This 7-step route has been reliably performed on large scale to produce multigram quantities of 1 in good efficiency and high purity. Pharmacokinetic studies in mouse showed CNS penetration of 1 is very low with brain:plasma concentration ratio of just 0.01. A small library of amides 17 were prepared from acid 1 to explore if 1 could be modified to deliver a CNS penetrant tool by capping off the acid as an amide. Although significant Notum inhibition activity could be achieved, none of these amides demonstrated the required combination of metabolic stability along with cell permeability without evidence of P-gp mediated efflux.

 

Conclusion: Mouse pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that 1 is unsuitable for use in models of disease where brain penetration is an essential requirement of the compound but would be an ideal peripherally restricted control. These data will contribute to the understanding of drug levels of 1 to overlay with appropriate in vivo efficacy endpoints, i.e. the PK-PD relationship. The identification of a suitable analogue of 1 (or 17) which combines Notum inhibition with CNS penetration would be a valuable chemical probe for investigating the role of Notum in disease models.
RANKING RANGE BASED APPROACH TO MADM UNDER INCOMPLETE CONTEXT AND ITS APPLICATION IN VENTURE INVESTMENT EVALUATION
Authors: Liu Yating , Zhang Hengjie , Wu Yuzhu , Dong Yucheng
Published: July 2019

In real-world Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problem, the attribute weights information may be unknown or partially known. Several approaches have been suggested to address this kind of incomplete MADM problem. However, these approaches depend on the determination of attribute weights, and setting different attribute weight vectors may result in different ranking positions of alternatives. To deal with this issue, this paper develops a novel MADM approach: the ranking range based MADM approach. In the novel MADM approach, the minimum and maximum ranking positions of every alternative are generated using several optimization models, and the average ranking position of every alternative is produced applying the Monte Carlo simulation method. Then, the minimum, maximum and average ranking positions of the alternative are integrated into a new ranking position of the alternative. This novel approach is capable of dealing with venture investment evaluation problems. However, in the venture investment evaluation process, decision makers will present different risk attitudes. To deal with this issue, two ranking range based MADM approaches with risk attitudes are further designed. A case study and a simulation experiment are presented to show the validity of the proposal.
Not a Simple Relationship between Neptune’s Migration Speed and Kuiper Belt Inclination Excitation
Authors: Volk Kathryn , Malhotra Renu
Published: July 2019

We present numerical simulations of giant planet migration in our solar system and examine how the speed of planetary migration affects inclinations in the resulting population of small bodies (test particles) scattered outward and subsequently captured into Neptune’s 3:2 mean motion resonance (the Plutinos), as well as the hot classical Kuiper Belt population. We do not find a consistent relationship between the degree of test particle inclination excitation and e-folding planet migration timescales in the range 5–50 Myr. Our results present a counterexample to Nesvorný's finding that the Plutino and hot classical inclinations showed a marked increase with increasing e-folding timescales for Neptune’s migration. We argue that these differing results are likely due to differing secular architectures of the giant planets during and after migration. Small changes in the planets’ initial conditions and differences in the numerical implementation of planet migration can result in different amplitudes of the planets’ inclination secular modes, and this can lead to different final inclination distributions for test particles in the simulations. We conclude that the observed large inclination dispersion of Kuiper Belt objects does not require Neptune’s migration to be slow; planetary migration with e-folding timescales of 5, 10, 30, and 50 Myr can all yield inclination dispersions similar to the observed Plutino and hot classical populations, with no correlation between the degree of inclination excitation and migration speed.
HATS-54b–HATS-58Ab: Five New Transiting Hot Jupiters Including One with a Possible Temperate Companion*
Authors: Espinoza N. , Hartman J. D. , Bakos G. Á. , Henning T. , Bayliss D. , Bento J. , Bhatti W. , Brahm R. , Csubry Z. , Suc V. , Jordán A. , Mancini L. , Tan T. G. , Penev K. , Rabus M. , Sarkis P. , de Val-Borro M. , Durkan S. , Lázár J. , Papp I. , Sári P.
Published: July 2019

We report the discovery by the HATSouth project of five new transiting hot Jupiters (HATS-54b through HATS-58Ab). HATS-54b, HATS-55b, and HATS-58Ab are prototypical short-period (P = 2.5–4.2 days, R

p
 ∼ 1.1–1.2

) hot Jupiters that span effective temperatures from 1350 to 1750 K, putting them in the proposed region of maximum radius inflation efficiency. The HATS-58 system is composed of two stars, HATS-58A and HATS-58B, which are detected thanks to Gaia DR2 data and which we account for in the joint modeling of the available data—with this, we are led to conclude that the hot Jupiter orbits the brighter HATS-58A star. HATS-57b is a short-period (2.35 day), massive (3.15

), 1.14

, dense (

) hot Jupiter orbiting a very active star (2% peak-to-peak flux variability). Finally, HATS-56b is a short-period (4.32 day), highly inflated hot Jupiter (1.7

, 0.6

), which is an excellent target for future atmospheric follow-up, especially considering the relatively bright nature (V = 11.6) of its F dwarf host star. This latter exoplanet has another very interesting feature: the radial velocities show a significant quadratic trend. If we interpret this quadratic trend as arising from the pull of an additional planet in the system, we obtain a period of

days for the possible planet HATS-56c, and a minimum mass of

. The candidate planet HATS-56c would have a zero-albedo equilibrium temperature of T
eq = 332 ± 50 K, and thus would be orbiting close to the habitable zone of HATS-56. Further radial-velocity follow-up, especially over the next two years, is needed to confirm the nature of HATS-56c.
Assessing the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on fruits and vegetables
Authors: Kothe Caroline I , Pessoa João P , Malheiros Patricia S , Tondo Eduardo C
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The number of registered foodborne diseases involving fresh produce is a preoccupation in many countries. For this reason, the aim of this study was to better understand the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, two indicators of hygienic and sanitary conditions, on fruits and vegetables that were exposed at different temperatures.

Methodology: The main salads served at the buffets of commercial restaurants were artificially contaminated with separate pools of both pathogens and subsequently exposed at 10, 20 and 30 °C and at different time intervals. Then, the growth potential of S. aureus and E. coli on each fruit and vegetable was determined.

Results: There was no significant S. aureus and E. coli growth on all evaluated foods exposed at 10 °C until 6 hours. When comparing both microorganisms, E. coli demonstrated higher growth potential than S. aureus on all analysed salads. Peculiarly, E. coli had the highest growth rate for the tomato (α = 6.43 at 30 °C), a fruit with low pH.

Conclusion: We suggest that fruits and vegetables should be distributed at temperatures equal to or lower than 10 °C and should not be kept for more than 2 hours at room temperature.
Investigation of carbapenemase and mcr-1 genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Authors: Arabacı Çiğdem , Dal Tuba , Başyiğit Tuğcan , Genişel Neslihan , Durmaz Rıza
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major problem. We aimed to investigate carbapenemase-encoding genes and transferable mcr-1 genes among 57 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates from hospitalized patients.

Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by Phoenix (BD). Results for ertapenem and colistin were confirmed by gradient diffusion and microdilution methods. Carbapenemase and mcr-1 genes were investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Results: Thirty-two (56.14%) isolates were from intensive care units (ICU). Antibiotic resistance rates by Phoenix: 52.63% for amikacin; 73.69% trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole; 91.23% cefepime; 82.46% tigecycline; 59.65% colistin. Carbapenemases positivity: 82.45% (47) for blaOXA-48, 40.35% (23) blaOXA-55, 3.50% (2) blaOXA-51, 1.75% (1) blaOXA-23, 1.75% (1) blaOXA-24, 1.75% (1) blaIMP. blaOXA-58, blaKPC, blaNDM-1, and blaVIM were not detected. Twenty (35.08%) isolates had both blaOXA-48 and blaOXA-55. Three isolates were mcr-1 (+) and blaOXA-48 (+). One mcr-1 (+) isolates was blaOXA-51 (+). One colistin sensitive isolate determined by Phoenix, was found colistin resistant by microdilution.

Conclusion: OXA-48 and OXA-55 co-harboring isolates and mcr-1 gene (+) isolates were spreading. Automated colistin susceptibility results should be confirmed by microdilution method. Resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae should be determined and the isolates should be monitored by molecular epidemiological methods. Effective infection control measures will contribute to reduce risk of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
A Extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas putida bacteremia that was resolved spontaneously
Authors: Usta Atmaca Hanife , Akbas Feray
Published: July 2019

Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) is a rare pathogen that causes various infections in newborns, neutropenic and cancer patients, or in patients with risk factors leading to immunosuppresion. Antibiotic resistance in P. putida is seen in growing numbers. Although it is less virulent compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mortal infections are reported.
Here, a P. putida case after an invasive procedure in a patient with gastrointestinal malignancy is reported. Although, it caused an antibiotic resistant bacteremia, it resolved spontaneously without any treatment.
P. Putida might have lower virulence and a different antibiotic susceptibility when compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in different cases. More clinical information is needed for further evaluation.
IL-28B genotypes as predictors of long-term outcome in patients with hepatitis C-related severe liver injury
Authors: Jordovic Jelena , Simonovic-Babic Jasmina , Gasic Vladimir , Kotur Nikola , Zukic Branka , Pavlovic Sonja , Lazarevic Ivana , Karalic Danijela , Katanic Natasa , Nikolic Natasa , Urosevic Aleksandar , Nestorov Jelena , Delic Dragan , Bojovic Ksenija
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Patients with severe fibrosis or cirrhosis are at high risk for liver-related complications, even after successful antiviral treatment and/or regression of fibrosis. These are the first published results concerning the role of IL-28B genotypes as predictors of the durability of sustained virological response (SVR) and long-term outcome, in patients with baseline severe fibrosis and cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C (HCV) infection.

Methodology: Genetic testing for three different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) near the IL28B gene, rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917, was performed in 42 patients with HCV-related advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, who achieved SVR after successful interferon-based treatment. Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were analysed, as well as IL28B genotype association with late virological relapse, fibrosis progression and clinical outcomes.

Results: The most prevalent genotypes in all three tested SNP positions were: CCrs12979860 genotype in 69% of patients, GTrs8099917 in 78.6% and GGrs12980275 in 47.6% of patients. The presence of IL28B CCrs12979860 genotype was identified as a negative predictor of late virological relapse. Further analysis did not confirm the association of other IL28B genotypes with the progression of fibrosis and clinical outcomes.

Conclusions: Varying long-term prognosis in patients with HCV-related severe fibrosis and cirrhosis is due to multiple interactions between host genetic factors, virus and environment. These are first published results demonstrating the significance of IL28B CCrs12979860 genotype as a negative predictor of late virological relapse. A further investigation concerning genetic factors is necessary to identify patients under risk for late relapse, complications and unfavorable outcomes, so that they can be reevaluated and offered new treatment options.
Près des pistes, la grande loterie de la justice
Authors: Barbe Faustin , Hergon Flora , Hugues Fanny , Geoffrenet Marceau , Le Lay Guillaume , Paja Alfrida
Published: July 2019

« Victime », « Migrant », « Voyageur » : telles sont les catégories attribuées aux personnes étrangères dès leur arrivée à l’aéroport de Roissy, et qui vont déterminer leur destin. Suivant le profil qu’on leur accole, elles seront autorisées à séjourner en France, retenues en zone d’attente pour des examens complémentaires de leur situation, voire expulsées. Or ces catégories n’ont rien d’anodin ni de scientifique, mais tout à voir avec le « risque migratoire » que la police des frontières traque sans relâche.
Sufficientarian-Libertarianism and Basic Income
Authors: Fukuhara Akio
Published: July 2019

Le présent essai soutient une position qui s’inscrit dans le courant dit « libertarien » tout en explorant les implications de la politique qui prône un revenu de base et suscite présentement un débat vivace à travers le monde, y compris au Japon. Il existe diverses formes d’éthique libertarienne. Ici, dans la lignée de Nozick, la « propriété de soi » et la clause lockéenne sont reconnus comme deux rouages essentiels de l’argumentation qui conduit à leur ajustement en vue d’une éthique spécifique. Nous examinons comment Nozick défend la « propriété de soi » : son argumentation respecte la séparabilité des personnalités et elle accorde une grande importance à l’élaboration libre par chacun d’un mode de vie lui convenant. Une fois révisées la nature du droit dit « d’appropriation » et de la clause dite « lockéenne », nous réinterprétons cette position centrale des libertariens en considérant la position fondamentale de Nozick comme prenant appui sur une conception égalitariste de la notion de dispositions suffisantes. Les avantages de cette position sont dus non seulement à l’adéquation entre la théorie et un principe de distribution, mais encore à l’image de l’individu doté d’une propriété de soi réaffirmée, dans la vision libertarienne que Nozick déploie. Cette approche fournit les bases de la morale d’une activité libre exercée sur les marchés : ce point est essentiel pour les auteurs libertariens, qui refusent toute aliénation de la propriété privée et toute redistribution. Une version simplifiée du revenu de base une fois définie en l’adaptant à des cadres variés, dont le cadre japonais nous mène à conclure que le revenu de base, quoique séduisant, est partiellement conforme aux thèses libertariennes et qu’une version minimale serait à retenir.
A Theory of Real Freedom: Toward a Growth-Oriented Liberalism
Authors: Hashimoto Tsutomu
Published: July 2019

Quelle est la nature de la liberté réelle (réelle) dans notre société ? Je présenterai ici une nouvelle théorie du libéralisme que j’appelle « libéralisme orienté vers la croissance ». D’abord, j’examine le concept de liberté positive et négative d’Isaiah Berlin et je pose la question fondamentale en matière de liberté, à savoir que la liberté est un idéal paradoxal . J’identifierai deux paradoxes : l’un porte sur la liberté ordinaire et les valeurs sophistiquées, l’autre sur la question de la libération et de l’apathie des individus ou des populations. Comment pouvons-nous surmonter ces paradoxes ? Pour répondre à cette question, j’examinerai l’argument de Charles Taylor sur la liberté positive (liberté) et en élargirai les implications. Le paradoxe est d’autant plus lorsqu’il s’agit de communautés, comme la société japonaise. Au-delà du mode de pensée communautaire de Taylor, par exemple, je construis une nouvelle théorie de la liberté en proposant de suivre trois principes : le principe de la vertu (estime de soi), le principe du changement générateur et le principe de la différenciation. Je soutiens que la pierre de touche d’une société libre dépend de la façon dont nous concevons notre gouvernance sociale sur la base de ces principes. JEL Codes : Z10, B25.
Continuité et rupture dans les théories socio-économiques de Yasuma Takata
Authors: Kitajima Shigeru , Yokota Hiroki
Published: July 2019

Nous avons trois objectifs dans cet article. Le premier est de montrer la pensée et le comportement de Yasuma Takata (1883-1972), auteur quasiment inconnu en Occident, mais qui donna pourtant au Japon ses premières théories sociologiques et socio-économiques générales. Le deuxième est d’examiner comment ces pensée et comportement sont liés à la responsabilité de la guerre dans la seconde guerre mondiale. Le troisième consiste à montrer que cette pensée est profondément connectée au courant de la pensée japonaise moderne à travers la théorie de Maruyama et des opinions des Ôe et Kawabata. Classification JEL  : B15, B31, N45
À propos des errances dans la réception japonaise de l’œuvre d’Adam Smith
Authors: Muramatsu Masataka
Published: July 2019

La réception d’Adam Smith au Japon est l’occasion d’expériences variées de comparaison internationale et interdisciplinaire. Smith paraît ce que l’on pourrait déjà nommer un « philosophe-économiste » tout en étant regardé comme « l’économiste par excellence » et, au Japon aussi, le « professeur de tous les économistes ». Il continue d’y être considéré comme un représentant du libéralisme économique, ce qui prête à des erreurs et des errances que cet essai entend dénoncer. L’objet principal de ce texte est de présenter comment la doctrine smithienne a été conceptualisée au Japon sur les plans historique, social et intellectuel : ce n’est pas seulement la réception de sa théorie économique, mais aussi la relation à sa philosophie qui est questionnée.
Quest for the Consciousness of Historicity by Kiyoshi Miki – Hermeneutical Anthropology and Philosophy of History
Authors: Yagi Kiichirô
Published: July 2019

Kiyoshi Miki (1897-1945) fut le philosophe dominant des débuts de l’ère Showa (à partir de 1925) au Japon. Il entama sa réflexion en appliquant l’herméneutique phénoménologique aux pensées de Pascal et de Marx puis il se mit en quête d’une philosophie de l’histoire où la conscience présente de l’historicité est centrale. Il allait reconnaître un type d’humanité dotée à la fois de pathos et du logos qu’il réinteprétait. Son engagement dans le movement de la culture prolétarienne et dans les fondements philosophques du Mouvement de l’Ordre Nouveau fut un double échec. Dans sa poursuite d’une philosophie de l’histoire, qui donne sa place aux considerations économiques, en même temps que d’une anthropologie philosophique, Miki a reflété la difficulté de mener une réflexion philosophique sereine durant cette période au Japon. JEL Codes  : B24, B31
L’arrière-plan sociologique du champ sémantique de l’étranger dans le Pentateuque
Authors: Varo Francisco
Published: July 2019

Dans les textes bibliques, la valeur sémantique des termes désignant les étrangers, les personnes déplacées et les immigrants évolue diachroniquement et dépend des contingences historiques de la société de Juda. Le traitement juridique de ces personnes, voire la perception populaire qui les concerne, change aussi au fil du temps. Cette étude entend préciser la relation entre l’arrière-plan social et la signification biblique de ces mots à chaque étape du processus de composition du Pentateuque.
Smart and Sustainable Materials for Military Applications Based on Natural Fibres and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Ferreira Diana P. , Costa Sofia M. , Felgueiras Helena P. , Fangueiro Raul
Published: July 2019

Multifunctional fibrous systems were developed within this research work, giving special importance to the electrical conductivity and antibacterial activity. The functionalization of several natural fibres (jute, sisal, coir, flax and cotton) with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was successfully achieved using a sustainable and eco-friendly method, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG) reduction. FESEM images, GSDR and ATR-FTIR analysis show that the Ag NPs were incorporated onto the fibres surface. The resistivity values obtained by analysing the fabrics without functionalization was about 1.5x107 Ω.m while with the Ag NPs functionalization the resistivity values decreased almost 15000 times, to 1.0x 103 Ω.m. Jute fibres’ antibacterial efficiency was also studied using the fibres with incorporated nanoparticles. Jute/Ag NPs showed some activity against E. Coli and S. Aureus. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used to develop flexible biodegradable composites with the functionalized jute. The compatibilization of the jute with PLA was successful and the characterization of the final composites was performed by GSDR, ATR-FTIR and TGA.
Performance of Structural Blast Mitigation Measure for Oil and Gas Industrial Facilities
Authors: Cekerevac Damjan , Rigueiro Constanca , Pereira Eduardo
Published: July 2019

The response of the bulkhead type of blast wall under deflagration blast pulse was studied using finite element modelling software. The behavior of unstiffened and stiffened panels was analyzed. The study aimed at determining the effect of plate and stiffener thicknesses on energy dissipation and distribution of reaction forces. This was carried out in order to optimize the response of the primary steelwork through typological and geometrical modifications of the local element. Furthermore, novel strategies for the improvement of the blast response were introduced with a focus to use alternative materials and innovative connections. The latter was assessed numerically using a simplified model and its benefits were analyzed by comparing with the traditional approach.
High Temperature Memory Design, Implementation, and Characterization in 1μm SiC CMOS Technology
Authors: Abbasi Affan , Murphree Robert , Roy Sajib , Suggs Marvin , Fraley John , Mantooth H. Alan , Di Jia , Erlbacher Tobias
Published: July 2019

Electronic systems capable of withstanding high temperature environments are in high demand in various applications such as logging-while-drilling (LWD) systems and embedded electronics which are in the core of gas turbine engine controls. Designing memory that can process massive amounts of data in harsh environments while consuming low power opens doors for next generation, smart, high temperature electronic systems. In this work, a CMOS based six transistor (6T) static random-access memory (SRAM) cell is designed and implemented in a state-of-the-art SiC 1μm triple well CMOS process. The designed SiC SRAM cell performance has been characterized for different values of cell ratios (CR) [0.5, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5] and pull-up ratios (PR) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] to determine the cell size with optimal performance parameters. Static noise margin (SNM) values for the different combinations of CR and PR are calculated using the model developed by Seevinck, et. al. [13]. The highest SNM values observed at 25°C and 300°C are 4.71 V and 4.65 V, respectively. Read static noise margin (RSNM) values of 1.94 V and 1.90 V are achieved at 25°C and 300°C, respectively. Analysis of measured data shows that the optimum cell size is with a CR of 2.5 and a PR of 6. However, these results are significantly impacted by highly resistive ohmic contacts.
Strategies for ending tuberculosis in the South-East Asian Region
Authors: Arinaminpathy Nimalan , Mandal Sandip , Bhatia Vineet , McLeod Ross , Sharma Mukta , Swaminathan Soumya , Hyder Khurshid Alam , Mandal Partha Pratim , Sarkar Swarup Kumar , Singh Poonam Khetrapal
Published: July 2019

Background & objectives:

To support recent political commitments to end tuberculosis (TB) in the World Health Organization South-East Asian Region (SEAR), there is a need to understand by what measures, and with what investment, these goals could be reached. These questions were addressed by using mathematical models of TB transmission by doing the analysis on a country-by-country basis in SEAR.

Methods:

A dynamical model of TB transmission was developed, in consultation with each of the 11 countries in the SEAR. Three intervention scenarios were examined: (i) strengthening basic TB services (including private sector engagement), (ii) accelerating TB case-finding and notification, and (iii) deployment of a prognostic biomarker test by 2025, to guide mass preventive therapy of latent TB infection. Each scenario was built on the preceding ones, in successive combination.

Results:

Comprehensive improvements in basic TB services by 2020, in combination with accelerated case-finding to increase TB detection by at least two-fold by 2020, could lead to a reduction in TB incidence rates in SEAR by 67.3 per cent [95% credible intervals (CrI) 65.3-69.8] and TB deaths by 80.9 per cent (95% CrI 77.9-84.7) in 2035, relative to 2015. These interventions alone would require an additional investment of at least US$ 25 billion. However, their combined effect is insufficient to reach the end TB targets of 80 per cent by 2030 and 90 per cent by 2035. Model projections show how additionally, deployment of a biomarker test by 2025 could end TB in the region by 2035. Targeting specific risk groups, such as slum dwellers, could mitigate the coverage needed in the general population, to end TB in the Region.

Interpretation & conclusions:

While the scale-up of currently available strategies may play an important role in averting TB cases and deaths in the Region, there will ultimately be a need for novel, mass preventive measures, to meet the end TB goals. Achieving these impacts will require a substantial escalation in funding for TB control in the Region.
Geographical distribution of primary & secondary dengue cases in India – 2017
Authors: Rao Chaitra , Kaur Harmanmeet , Gupta Nivedita , Sabeena Sasidharan Pillai , Ambica R. , Jain Amita , Yadav Ashvini , Dwibedi Bhagirathi , Malhotra Bharti , Kakru Dalip K. , Biswas Debasis , Savargaonkar Deepali , Ganesan M. , Sabat Jyotsnamayee , Dhingra Kanwardeep , Lalitha S. , Valecha Neena , Madhavilatha Pamireddy , Barde Pradip V. , Joshi Piyush D. , Sharma Pratibha , Gupta Rajarshi , Ratho R.K. , Sidhu Shailpreet , Shrivastava Shakti Saumnam , Dutta Shanta , Shantala G.B. , Imtiaz Sheikh , Sethi Shveta , Kalawat Usha , Vijayachari P. , Raj Vimal , Vijay Neetu , Borkakoty Biswajyoti , Barua Purnima , Majumdar Tapan , Arunkumar Govindakarnavar
Published: July 2019

Background & objectives:

Dengue virus infection is endemic in India with all the four serotypes of dengue virus in circulation. This study was aimed to determine the geographic distribution of the primary and secondary dengue cases in India.

Methods:

A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Health Research / Indian Council of Medical Research (DHR)/(ICMR) viral research and diagnostic laboratories (VRDLs) and selected ICMR institutes located in India. Only laboratory-confirmed dengue cases with date of onset of illness less than or equal to seven days were included between September and October 2017. Dengue NS1 antigen ELISA and anti-dengue IgM capture ELISA were used to diagnose dengue cases while anti-dengue IgG capture ELISA was used for identifying the secondary dengue cases.

Results:

Of the 1372 dengue cases, 897 (65%) were classified as primary dengue and 475 (35%) as secondary dengue cases. However, the proportion varied widely geographically, with Theni, Tamil Nadu; Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh and Udupi-Manipal, Karnataka reporting more than 65 per cent secondary dengue cases while Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir reporting as low as 10 per cent of the same. The median age of primary dengue cases was 25 yr [interquartile range (IQR 17-35] while that of secondary dengue cases was 23 yr (IQR 13.5-34). Secondary dengue was around 50 per cent among the children belonging to the age group 6-10 yr while it ranged between 20-43 per cent among other age groups.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our findings showed a wide geographical variation in the distribution of primary and secondary dengue cases in India. It would prove beneficial to include primary and secondary dengue differentiation protocol in the national dengue surveillance programme.
Florística e diversidade da regeneração natural em clareiras em Floresta Ombrófila Mista
Authors: Parizotto Alessandro , Mussio Carla Fernanda , Ruiz Emílio Carlos Zilli , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Dias Andrea Nogueira
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a florística e a diversidade do componente arbóreo regenerante em sete áreas de clareiras formadas pelo manejo seletivo da araucária em remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. O índice de Shannon foi utilizado para a análise da diversidade florística e o de Jaccard para relacionar as similaridades existentes em cada área de clareira. Foi também realizada a classificação das espécies em grupos ecológicos, por meio de revisão de literatura. Observou-se maior riqueza de espécies nas famílias Myrtaceae e Salicaceae. Araucariacea não apresentou grande número de indivíduos. As áreas de clareiras estudadas apresentaram baixa semelhança, quando utilizou-se o índice de Jaccard com linha de corte de 50%, indicando alta variabilidade de espécies. Com a linha de corte em 40% ocorreu formação de três grupos distintos. O grupo ecológico das secundárias iniciais foi o mais representativo em termos de riqueza espécies, por se tratar de regeneração natural em clareiras recém-formadas, indicando um estágio inicial de sucessão nessa nova etapa de evolução da floresta.