bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Experimental Validation of a Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on an Adaptive LQG Controller
Authors: Montenegro-Oviedo Jhoan Alejandro , Ramos-Paja Carlos Andres , Orozco-Gutierrez Martha Lucia , Franco-Mejía Edinson , Serna-Garcés Sergio Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) are essential for adopting sustainable energy sources. HESSs combine complementary storage technologies, such as batteries and supercapacitors, to optimize efficiency, grid stability, and demand management. This work proposes a semi-active HESS formed by a battery connected to the DC bus and a supercapacitor managed by a Sepic/Zeta converter, which has the aim of avoiding high-frequency variations in the battery current on any operation condition. The converter control structure is formed by an LQG controller, an optimal state observer, and an adaptive strategy to ensure the correct controller operation in any condition: step-up, step-down, and unitary gain. This adaptive LQG controller consists of two control loops, an internal current loop and an external voltage loop, which use only two sensors. Compared with classical PI and LQG controllers, the adaptive LQG solution exhibits a better performance in all operation modes, up to 68% better than the LQG controller and up to 84% better than the PI controller. Therefore, the control strategy proposed for this HESS provides a fast-tracking of DC-bus current, driving the high-frequency component to the supercapacitor and the low-frequency component to the battery. Thus, fast changes in the battery power are avoided, reducing the degradation. Finally, the system adaptability to changes up to 67% in the operation range are experimentally tested, and the implementation of the control system using commercial hardware is verified.
Model for Global Quality Management System in System of Systems: Quality Management in System of Systems Project
Authors: Agmon Noga , Kordova Sigal
Published: December 2024

Global Quality Management System (G-QMS) in System of Systems (SoS) is a pioneering field of research essential for SoS G-organizations, which are characterized by their vast and complex technological systems and multi-organizational structures. Consequently, presenting significant challenges in implementing effective QMS for their operations. This manuscript completes the development of a novel conceptual model for G-QMSs in Sectors of SoS, drawing from extensive field research conducted within real SoS G-organizations employing the Grounded Theory methodology. This proposed model encompasses two foundational supra-entities, with this manuscript primarily dedicated to the second supra-entity, named “G-QMS in SoS”, which essentially represents Quality Management for SoS projects. The G-QMS in SoS model image is conceived through a description of its structural principles, entities architecture and interrelationships, alongside its complementary elements. Furthermore, the interrelationships between the two segment models that constitute G-QMS in Sectors of SoS are elucidated, offering a comprehensive view of the overarching model. Establishing a model for G-QMS in Sectors of SoS that describes the various structures of SoS projects and the G-organizations realizing them, as well as understanding the recommended G-QMS model, is vital as it directly impacts the success level of SoS projects and the effectiveness of the tailored G-QMS in these organizations.
GUI for Analysis of Parameters, Accurate Design and Optimization of Microstrip Filters
Authors: García-Delgado Luis Arturo , García-Juárez Alejandro , Sabory-García Rafael , Noriega José Rafael , Pérez-Alcocer Ricardo , Acosta-Enriquez Milka , Gómez-Fuentes Roberto , Zaldívar-Huerta Ignacio Enrique
Published: December 2024

Microstrip filters are widely used in electronics and communications. Designing these filters requires knowledge in communications, microwave engineering, and radiofrequency systems. Specialized software facilitates the design process, often allowing optimization of results; however, such tools typically require expensive licenses, making them inaccessible to many students. While the literature includes some proposals for microstrip filter design, they generally have the limitation of not addressing parameter optimization. This paper presents a GUI (Graphical User Interface) for microstrip low-pass filter design, offering precise and reliable results at the desired cutoff frequency and attenuation, as demonstrated by experimental tests. The key strategy involves systematically following the steps of the classic design process, while simultaneously varying a specific parameter to analyze its impact on filter development. By exploring the variations in different parameters, various insightful analyses can be conducted. One of the notable achievements is the ability to design an optimal filter with a desired total length, while concurrently maximizing the performance of specific parameters. Additionally, this software is compatible with both MATLAB and Octave platforms, ensuring its usability across multiple environments.
Assessing Wildfire Risk in South Korea Under Climate Change Using the Maximum Entropy Model and Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Scenarios
Authors: Choi Jukyeong , Chae Heemun
Published: December 2024

For effective management and prevention, wildfire risk prediction needs to consider the substantial impacts of climate change on wildfire patterns. This study analyzed the probability of wildfire occurrence in South Korea using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model and predicted future wildfire occurrence under shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) climate change scenarios. The model utilized historical fire occurrence data and was trained using 12 environmental variables encompassing climate, topography, vegetation, and socioeconomic factors. Future wildfire risk was predicted under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios for 2041–2060 and 2081–2100. Increased average temperature and solar radiation were key drivers of elevated wildfire risk, whereas increased precipitation and relative humidity reduced this risk. Under current conditions, 367,027 ha (6.52%) within the study area were classified as high-risk based on the MaxEnt model output (p > 0.6). Under both SSP scenarios, a decline in the at-risk area was observed over time. This study provides fundamental data for wildfire management and prevention strategies in South Korea and provides quantitative evidence on the potential impact of climate-related environmental changes on wildfires.
Lightning Current Distribution of the First and Subsequent Strokes Based on the Lightning Location System: Survey in Yunnan Power Grid
Authors: Ma Yutang , Shu Hongchun , Xiao Changxin , Yang Gaohui , Xie Chengwei , Zhu Mengmeng , Cao Pulin
Published: December 2024

Lightning is an electrical discharge phenomenon in the atmosphere caused by charge separation in clouds, which is divided into cloud-to-ground (CG) and cloud-to-cloud (CC) lightning. In recent years, research on the characteristics of multiple-stroke ground lightning and the amplitude of lightning currents has attracted significant attention. The amplitude of lightning currents serves as fundamental data for lightning protection in power systems. Its accurate measurement is crucial for designing and safeguarding power systems. This paper obtains data from a lightning location system and analyzes the probability density distribution of lightning current amplitudes. It is found that the median of lightning currents gradually decreases with an increasing number of multiple strokes, and there is a trend in the change of lightning current steepness. As the number of strokes increases, the median value of amplitude distribution gradually decreases, while the steepness coefficient shows an increasing trend. These research findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of lightning and provide important references for lightning prevention and disaster reduction.
A Study Using the Network Simulation Method and Nondimensionalization of the Fiber Fuse Effect
Authors: Sanchez-Pérez Juan Francisco , Solano-Ramírez Joaquín , Marín-García Fulgencio , Castro Enrique
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach to modelling the fiber optic fusion effect using the Network Simulation Method (NSM). An analogy between the heat conduction equations and electrical circuits is developed, allowing a complex physical problem to be transformed into an equivalent electrical system. Using NGSpice, thermal interactions in an anisotropic optical fiber under high optical power conditions are simulated. The methodology addresses the distribution of the temperature in the system, considering thermal variations and temperature-dependent material characteristics. In an NSM equivalent circuit, the effect of applying the spark is modelled by a switch that switches the spark-generating source on and off. It can be seen that temperature variation with time, or temperature rise rate (K/s), depends on the applied power. In addition, the mathematical method of nondimensionalization is used to study the real influence of each parameter of the problem on the solution and the relationship between the variables. Four optical fiber cases are analysed, each characterised by different areas and refractive indices, revealing how these variables affect the propagation of the melting phenomenon. The results highlight the effectiveness of the NSM in solving nonlinear and coupled problems in thermal engineering, providing a solid framework for future research in the optimisation of optical communication systems.
First and Second Integrals of Hopf–Langford-Type Systems
Authors: Vassilev Vassil M. , Nikolov Svetoslav G.
Published: December 2024

The work examines a seven-parameter, three-dimensional, autonomous, cubic nonlinear differential system. This system extends and generalizes the previously studied quadratic nonlinear Hopf–Langford-type systems. First, by introducing cylindrical coordinates in its phase space, we show that the regarded system can be reduced to a two-dimensional Liénard system, which corresponds to a second-order Liénard equation. Then, we present (in explicit form) polynomial first and second integrals of Liénard systems of the considered type identifying those values of their parameters for which these integrals exist. It is also proved that a generic Liénard equation is factorizable if and only if the corresponding Liénard system admits a second integral of a special form. It is established that each Liénard system corresponding to a Hopf–Langford system of the considered type admits such a second integral, and hence, the respective Liénard equation is factorizable.
A First Application of the Backward Technique in Social Sciences: Exploring Demographic Noise in a Model with Three Personality Types
Authors: Macrelli Roberto , Carletti Margherita , Fano Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

In the realm of dynamical systems described by deterministic differential equations used in biomathematical modeling, two types of random events influence the populations involved in the model: the first one is called environmental noise, due to factors external to the system; the second one is called demographic noise, deriving from the inherent randomness of the modeled phenomenon. When the populations are small, only space-discrete stochastic models are capable of describing demographic noise; when the populations are large, these discrete models converge to continuous models described by stochastic ordinary differential systems, maintaining the essence of intrinsic noise. Moving forward again from a continuous stochastic framework, we get to the continuous deterministic setting described by ordinary differential equations if we assume that noise can be neglected. The inverse process has recently been explored in the literature by means of the so-called “backward technique” in a biological context, starting from a system of continuous ordinary differential equations and going “backward” to the reconstruction and numerical simulation of the underlying discrete stochastic process, that models the demographic noise intrinsic to the biological phenomenon. In this study, starting from a predictable, deterministic system, we move beyond biology and explore the effects of demographic noise in a novel model arising from the social sciences. Our field will be psychosocial, that is, the connections and processes that support social relationships between individuals. We consider a group of individuals having three personality types: altruistic, selfish, and susceptible (neutral). Applying the backward technique to this model built on ordinary differential equations, we demonstrate how demographic noise can act as a switching factor, i.e., moving backward from the deterministic continuous model to the discrete stochastic process using the same parameter values, a given equilibrium switches to a different one. This highlights the importance of addressing demographic noise when studying complex social interactions. To our knowledge, this is also the first time that the backward technique has been applied in social contexts.
Finite Local Rings of Length 4
Authors: Alabiad Sami , Alhomaidhi Alhanouf Ali , Alsarori Nawal A.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive characterization of finite local rings of length 4 and with residue field Fpm, where p is a prime number. Such rings have an order of p4m elements. The current paper provides the structure and classification, up to isomorphism, of local rings consisting of p4m elements. We also give the exact number of non-isomorphic classes of these rings with fixed invariants p,n,m,k. In particular, we have listed all finite local rings of 4-length and of order p8 and 256.
Nanoporous Carbon Coatings Direct Li Electrodeposition Morphology and Performance in Li Metal Anode Batteries
Authors: Harrison Katharine L. , Goriparti Subrahmanyam , Long Daniel M. , Martin Rachel I. , Warren Benjamin , Merrill Laura C. , Wolak Matthaeus A. , Sananes Alexander , Siegal Michael P.
Published: December 2024

Li metal anodes could significantly improve battery energy density. However, Li generally electrodeposits in poorly controlled morphology, leading to safety and performance problems. One factor that controls Li anode performance and electrodeposition morphology is the nature of the electrolyte–current collector interface. Herein, we modify the Cu current collector interface by depositing precisely controlled nanoporous carbon (NPC) coatings using pulsed laser deposition to develop an understanding of how NPC coating density and thickness impact Li electrodeposition. We find that NPC density and thickness guide Li morphological evolution differently and dictate whether Li deposits at the NPC-Cu or NPC-electrolyte interface. NPC coatings generally lower overpotential for Li electrodeposition, though thicker NPC coatings limit kinetics when cycling at a high rate. Lower-density NPC enables the highest Coulombic efficiency (CE) during calendar aging tests, and higher-density NPC enables the highest CE during cycling tests.
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells
Authors: Ohto Hisashi , Ohno Mayumi , Suganuma-Katagiri Miho , Hara Takashi , Egawa Yoko , Tomimoto Kazuya , Haginoya Kosuke , Hori Hidetaka , Iwamoto Yuzuri , Hayakawa Tohru
Published: December 2024

Public acceptance of genetically modified crops engineered with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal protein genes (BT-GMCs), which confer resistance to various lepidopteran insect pests, is generally lacking. As a major concern over BT-GMCs is the allergenicity of insecticidal proteins, alleviating safety concerns should help increase public acceptance. In this study, three lepidopteran-specific Bt toxins, Cry1Aa, Cy1Ab, and Cry1Ac, were treated with simulated digestive fluids under various conditions. Western blotting using antiserum raised against individual segments (α-helices of domain I and β-sheets of domains II and III) of Cry1Aa showed that digestion produces a variety of polypeptides. In particular, the transmembrane α4–α5 of domain I, which may retain the ability to form pores, was the most resistant to digestion. Intact Cry1A toxins and these digests were then applied to RBL-2H3 cultured rat mast cells to determine whether the toxins directly induce histamine release. However, fluorescence microscopy revealed no specific binding of Cry1A toxins to RBL-2H3 cultured rat mast cells. In addition, neither the OPA method nor HPLC analysis detected significant histamine release from mast cells treated with Cry1A toxins and these digests. Our results provide important data supporting the safety of Cry1A toxins and potentially BT-GMCs.
Reactive Oxygen Species, a Potential Therapeutic Target for Vascular Dementia
Authors: White Amanda Louise , Talkington Grant M. , Ouvrier Blake , Ismael Saifudeen , Solch-Ottaiano Rebecca J. , Bix Gregory
Published: December 2024

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition prevalent among elderly adults marked by cognitive decline resulting from injured and/or improperly functioning cerebrovasculature with resultant disruptions in cerebral blood flow. Currently, VaD has no specific therapeutics and the exact pathobiology is still being investigated. VaD has been shown to develop when reactive oxygen species (ROS) form from damaged targets at different levels of organization—mitochondria, endothelial cells, or cerebrovasculature. In this review, we highlight how specific ROS molecules may be important in the development of VaD and how they can be targeted as a potential therapeutic for VaD.
Etoricoxib–NLC Mitigates Radiation-Induced Ovarian Damage in Rats: Insights into Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Antioxidant Activity, and Hormonal Responses
Authors: Khateeb Sahar
Published: December 2024

Radiotherapy is a critical treatment for cancer but poses significant risks to ovarian tissue, particularly in young females, leading to premature ovarian failure (POF). This study examines the therapeutic potential of etoricoxib nanostructured lipid carriers (ETO-NLC) in mitigating radiation-induced ovarian damage in female Wistar rats. Twenty-four female rats were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group receiving normal saline, a group exposed to a single dose of whole-body gamma radiation (6 Gy), a group treated with etoricoxib (10 mg/kg) post-radiation, and a group treated with ETO-NLC for 14 days following radiation. Histopathological evaluations and oxidative stress biomarker assessments were conducted, including ELISAs for reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), and signaling molecules (PI3K, AKT, P38MAPK, AMH). Serum levels of estrogen, FSH, and LH were measured, and gene expression analysis for TGF-β and Nrf2 was performed using qRT-PCR. The findings indicate that ETO-NLC has the potential to ameliorate the harmful effects of ovarian damage induced by γ-radiation. These therapeutic effects were achieved through the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, augmentation of antioxidant defenses (including Nrf2 activation), support for cell survival pathways (via PI3K/Akt signaling), regulation of MAPK, mitigation of fibrosis (TGF-β), and preservation of ovarian reserve (as evidenced by AMH, FSH/LH, and estrogen levels). ETO-NLC shows promise as an effective strategy for attenuating radiation-induced ovarian damage, highlighting the need for further research to enhance therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving ovarian function during cancer treatment.
Extracellular Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein and Hemorrhagic Shock: Mechanisms and Therapeutics
Authors: Rashid Naureen , Hu Zhijian , Jacob Asha , Wang Ping
Published: December 2024

Hemorrhagic shock is a type of hypovolemic shock and a significant cause of trauma-related death worldwide. The innate immune system has been implicated as a key mediator in developing severe complications after shock. Inflammation from the innate immune system begins at the time of initial insult; however, its activation is exaggerated, resulting in early and late-stage complications. Hypoxia and hypoperfusion lead to the release of molecules that act as danger signals known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs continue to circulate after shock, resulting in excess inflammation and tissue damage. We recently discovered that cold-inducible RNA-binding protein released into the extracellular space acts as a DAMP. During hemorrhagic shock, hypoperfusion leads to cell necrosis and the release of CIRP into circulation, triggering both systemic inflammation and local tissue damage. In this review, we discuss extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP)’s role in sterile inflammation, as well as its various mechanisms of action. We also share our more newly developed anti-eCIRP agents with the eventual goal of producing drug therapies to mitigate organ damage, reduce mortality, and improve patient outcomes related to hemorrhagic shock. Finally, we suggest that future preclinical studies are required to develop the listed therapeutics for hemorrhagic shock and related conditions. In addition, we emphasize on the challenges to the translational phase and caution that the therapy should allow the immune system to continue to function well against secondary infections during hospitalization.
Exploring RNF213 in Ischemic Stroke and Moyamoya Disease: From Cellular Models to Clinical Insights
Authors: Tan Benjamin Y. Q. , Kok Charlene H. P. , Ng Megan B. J. , Loong Shaun , Jou Eric , Yeo Leonard L. L. , Han Weiping , Anderson Christopher D. , Khor Chiea Chuen , Lai Poh San
Published: December 2024

Advances in stroke genetics have highlighted the critical role of rare genetic variants in cerebrovascular diseases, with RNF213 emerging as a key player in ischemic stroke and Moyamoya disease (MMD). Initially identified as the primary susceptibility gene for MMD, RNF213—notably the p.R4810K variant—has been strongly linked to intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) and various ischemic stroke subtypes, particularly in East Asian populations. This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with diverse roles in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, lipid metabolism, and cerebral blood flow regulation, yet its exact mechanisms in cerebrovascular pathology remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes findings from genetic studies, as well as cellular and animal models, to provide a holistic understanding of RNF213’s involvement in cerebrovascular diseases. Key mechanisms by which RNF213 variants contribute to disease pathogenesis are explored, alongside discussions on their clinical utility as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, we address the gene’s implications for disease prediction, risk assessment, and cascade screening. By integrating evidence across disciplines, this review identifies critical knowledge gaps, including the biological pathways underlying RNF213’s pathogenicity. These insights lay the groundwork for future research and underscore the potential of RNF213 in driving personalized approaches to cerebrovascular disease management.
The Combinational Effect of Enhanced Infection Control Measures and Targeted Clinical Metagenomics Surveillance on the Burden of Endemic Carbapenem and Other β-Lactam Resistance Among Severely Ill Pediatric Patients
Authors: Giampani Athina , Simitsopoulou Maria , Sdougka Maria , Paschaloudis Christos , Roilides Emmanuel , Iosifidis Elias
Published: December 2024

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as one of the most important global public health threats. There is an urgent need to reduce the spread of these multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR-B), particularly in extremely vulnerable patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether targeted gene amplification performed directly on clinical samples can be used simultaneously with a bundle of enhanced infection control measures in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) endemic to MDR-B. Methods: This study had three phases: (1) the baseline phase was performed prior to intervention when first screening and sample collection were performed; (2) the intervention phase was performed when various enhanced infection control measures (EICM) were applied; and (3) the maintenance phase occurred when EICMs were combined with the implementation of targeted molecular surveillance. The presence of four carbapenemase genes, blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM, and blaNDM, as well as the β-lactamase genes blaTEM and blaSHV, was evaluated by PCR after DNA isolation directly from stool samples. The results were compared to culture-based phenotypic analysis. Results and Conclusions: The implementation of EICM appeared to reduce the resistance burden in this sample endemic to an MDR-B clinical setting. The direct implementation of a targeted and customized rapid molecular detection assay to clinical samples seems to be an effective clinical tool for the evaluation of EICM measures.
MicroRNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers for Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Catheter Ablation: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Vardas Emmanouil P. , Oikonomou Evangelos , Vardas Panos E. , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: December 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Even though catheter ablation has emerged as an available and effective treatment for AF, recurrence remains a significant challenge. This review presents the existing evidence on the prognostic role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the prediction of AF recurrence after catheter ablation. We examined studies investigating the association between miRNA expression and post-ablation AF recurrence. Multiple miRNAs have been highlighted as potential biomarkers, which are involved in pathophysiological processes such as atrial remodeling, fibrosis, and inflammation. Despite some promising results, there has been significant heterogeneity across the studies. In this review, we demonstrate the potential miRNAs that can be routinely used as biomarkers of AF recurrence, and we identify areas that require further research to validate their clinical utility.
Pain Reduction in Patellofemoral Knee Patients During 3-Month Intervention with Biomechanical and Sensorimotor Foot Orthoses: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Simon Steven , Heine Andreas , Dully Jonas , Dindorf Carlo , Ludwig Oliver , Fröhlich Michael , Becker Stephan
Published: December 2024

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) significantly affects patients’ daily activities and consequently reduces their quality of life. Custom-made foot orthoses (FOs) are a common method of medical treatment that positively influences biomechanical factors such as the kinematics of the lower extremity and reduces pain perception in patients. However, there is a gap in research regarding the influence of different FO treatments on knee pain. Therefore, this study addresses the impact of biomechanical foot orthoses (BMFOs) and sensorimotor foot orthoses (SMFOs) on patients with foot deformity and PFP. Methods: A total of 26 participants (9 men, 17 women; 27.7 ± 10.7 years; 175.0 ± 0.1 cm; 75.7 ± 18.8 kg; BMI: 24.7 ± 5.6) took part in this randomized controlled clinical trial. In the pre-test, knee pain was evaluated using the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale after the physician’s anamnesis and plantar pressure measurement. A 3-month intervention with SMFO and BMFO was performed, and weekly development was evaluated using 11-item visual analog scales (VASs). Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess differences between time of measurements (ToMs) and the interaction effect between ToMs and treatment groups (SMFO, BMFO). Results: Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant interaction between ToMs and treatment groups but a significant main effect on Kujala anterior knee pain scores (MDiff = 10.189; p = 0.014) and 12-week VAS (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that both treatment approaches effectively alleviated perceived knee pain in the PFP sample with foot deformity, with neither approach demonstrating superior efficacy. This trial was registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00035082).
Comparative Investigation of Vortex and Direct Plasma Discharge for Treating Titanium Surface
Authors: Jeon Hyun-Jeong , Seo Subin , Jung Ara , Kang Kyeong-mok , Lee Jeonghoon , Gweon Bomi , Lim Youbong
Published: December 2024

Numerous studies have investigated the surface treatment of implants using various types of plasma, including atmospheric pressure plasma and vacuum plasma, to remove impurities and increase surface energy, thereby enhancing osseointegration. Most previous studies have focused on generating plasma directly on the implant surface by using the implant as an electrode for plasma discharge. However, plasmas generated under atmospheric and moderate vacuum conditions often have a limited plasma volume, meaning the shape of the electrodes significantly influences the local electric field characteristics, which in turn affects plasma behavior. Consequently, to ensure consistent performance across implants of different sizes and shapes, it is essential to develop a plasma source with discharge characteristics that are unaffected by the treatment target, ensuring uniform exposure. To address this challenge, we developed a novel plasma source, termed “vortex plasma”, which generates uniform plasma using a magnetic field within a controlled space. We then compared the surface treatment efficiency of the vortex plasma to that of conventional direct plasma discharge by evaluating hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, and surface morphology. In addition, to assess the biological outcomes, we examined osteoblast cell activity on both the vortex and direct plasma-treated surfaces. Our results demonstrate that vortex plasma improved hydrophilicity, reduced carbon content, and enhanced osteoblast adhesion and activity to a level comparable to direct plasma, all while maintaining the physical surface structure and morphology.
Eco-Friendly Hydrogels Loading Polyphenols-Composed Biomimetic Micelles for Topical Administration of Resveratrol and Rutin
Authors: Guedes Beatriz N. , Andreani Tatiana , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Fathi Faezeh , Souto Eliana B.
Published: December 2024

In this study, we describe the development of hydrogel formulations composed of micelles loading two natural antioxidants—resveratrol and rutin—and the evaluation of the effect of a by-product on the rheological and textural properties of the developed semi-solids. This approach aims to associate the advantages of hydrogels for topical administration of drugs and of lipid micelles that mimic skin composition for the delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds in combination therapy. Biomimetic micelles composed of L-α-phosphatidylcholine loaded with two distinct polyphenols (one non-flavonoid and one flavonoid) were produced using hot shear homogenisation followed by the ultrasonication method. All developed micelles were dispersed in a carbomer 940-based hydrogel to obtain three distinct semi-solid formulations, which were then characterised by analysing the thermal, rheological and textural properties. Olive pomace-based hydrogels were also produced to contain the same micelles as an alternative to respond to the needs of zero waste and circular economy. The thermograms showed no changes in the typical profiles of micelles when loaded into the hydrogels. The rheological analysis confirmed that the produced hydrogels achieved the ideal properties of a semi-solid product for topical administration. The viscosity values of the hydrogels loaded with olive pomace (hydrogels A) proved to be lower than the hydrogels without olive pomace (hydrogels B), with this ingredient having a considerable effect in reducing the viscosity of the final formulation, yet without compromising the firmness and cohesiveness of the gels. The texture analysis of both hydrogels A and B also exhibited the typical behaviour expected of a semi-solid system.
Recent Status on Lactate Monitoring in Sweat Using Biosensors: Can This Approach Be an Alternative to Blood Detection?
Authors: Messina Leonardo , Giardi Maria Teresa
Published: December 2024

Recent studies have shown that lactate is a molecule that plays an indispensable role in various physiological cellular processes, such as energy metabolism and signal transductions related to immune and inflammatory processes. For these reasons, interest in its detection using biosensors for non-invasive analyses of sweat during sports activity and in clinical reasons assessments has increased. In this minireview, an in-depth study was carried out on biosensors that exploited using electrochemical methods and innovative nanomaterials for lactate detection in sweat. This detection of lactate by biosensors in the sweat method seems to be feasible and highly desirable. From this commentary analysis, we can conclude that the correlation between lactate concentrations in sweat and blood is not yet clear, and studies are needed to clarify some key issues essential for the future application of this technology.
Soft Wireless Passive Chipless Sensors for Biological Applications: A Review
Authors: Zhang Mingguang , Li Mengyun , Xu Wei , Zhang Fan , Yao Daojin , Wang Xiaoming , Dong Wentao
Published: December 2024

Soft wireless passive sensors have been applied in biological, engineering, and other fields due to their advantages in powerless supply and remote data transmission. External information is obtained by soft wireless passive sensors via the external coils based on electromagnetic induction. The purpose of this review paper is to outline the biological applications of soft wireless passive chipless sensors and provide a classification of wireless passive sensors and an overall explanation of the main work. Three kinds of soft wireless sensors, soft wireless passive LC-resonant sensors, soft wireless radio frequency (RF) sensors, and soft wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, are introduced with their working principles, equitant circuits, and biological applications. Soft wireless passive sensors with integrated LC-resonant units are applied to physical quantity measurements for denoting the mapping relationship between the frequency resonance and the monitored object. Utilizing the electromagnetic field principle, RF sensors enable wireless measurements and data exchange of physical parameters. SAW sensors with piezoelectric substrates are applied to physical parameter monitoring using guided waves in monitoring objects. Soft wireless passive sensors aim to monitor biological health without an external power supply or wired data communication, which would bring increased convenience to the lives of the people who use them.
Ginkgo biloba Extract Prescriptions Are Associated with Slower Progression of Dementia Severity—Analysis of Longitudinal Real-World Data
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Hajek André , Burkart Martin , Kostev Karel
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Previous research indicates that Ginkgo biloba extract (Gbe) may contribute to slowing down the progression of dementia. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the association between Gbe prescriptions and the progression of dementia severity in a real-world setting. Methods: This study was conducted using data from patients with an initial diagnosis of mild or moderate dementia between January 2005 and December 2022 from the IQVIA™ Disease Analyzer database. The follow-up period was up to 10 years. The association between Gbe prescription and dementia severity progression was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression, with adjustments made for age, sex, health insurance status, physician specialty, co-prescription of antidementia drugs, and co-diagnoses. Results: A total of 4765 patients were included, of whom 177 were prescribed Gbe. The cumulative incidence of dementia severity progression was 12.7% for patients with Gbe prescription and 22.1% for those without. Gbe prescription was associated with a significantly decreased risk of dementia severity progression (hazard ratio: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27–0.95), both in patients with mild (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.90) and moderate dementia (HR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06–0.98). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that Gbe prescription is associated with a reduced risk of dementia severity progression in a real-world setting.
The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs and Meaning in Life in Adolescent Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Li Jiayi , Liao Jinqian , Chen Shuai , Guo Cheng
Published: December 2024

Suicidal ideation and behavior are critical psychological crises among children and adolescents, posing significant concerns for their mental health and safety. This cross-sectional study investigated the factors and underlying psychological mechanisms of suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 6474 middle school students from Sichuan and Hebei provinces, China, participated in the study. Data were collected using the Self-Assessment of Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Parental Psychological Control Scale, the Meaning in Life Scale, and the Basic Psychological Needs Scale. Statistical analyses, including mediation and chain mediation analyses, were conducted to examine the relationships between parental psychological control, basic psychological needs, meaning in life, and suicidal ideation. The results revealed the following: (1) Parental psychological control positively predicted suicidal ideation in middle school students; (2) basic psychological needs mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and suicidal ideation; (3) meaning in life mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and suicidal ideation; (4) basic psychological needs and meaning in life together played a chain-mediating role in this relationship. These findings highlight the importance of addressing parental psychological control and fostering a supportive family environment to meet adolescents’ psychological needs, enhance their sense of life meaning, and reduce suicidal ideation. Insights from this study provide valuable guidance for prevention and intervention strategies aimed at safeguarding adolescents’ mental health and well-being.
Collapse of an RC Building Under Construction with a Flat Slab System: Reasons, Calculations, and FE Simulations
Authors: Ertürk Atmaca Esin , Altunişik Ahmet Can , Günaydin Murat , Atmaca Barbaros
Published: December 2024

The using of flat slab systems is a common structural solution for residential and commercial buildings as they are a cost-effective structural solution that simplifies and speeds up the construction phase. However, the flat slab systems have complex behavior, particularly in the slab–column connection zones, because of punching shear. Therefore, to prevent brittle flat slab collapse because of punching shear, there are some conditions which must be met in regulations such as Eurocode 2, American Concrete Institute’s Code, and Türkiye Building Earthquake Code—2018. Flat slab collapses because of punching shear can be caused by deficiencies in the design phase as well as deficiencies in the construction phase. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of flat slab collapses due to punching shear, focusing on whether these failures arise from design or construction deficiencies. The study highlights the importance of adhering to regulations to prevent brittle flat slab collapses. A case study of an actual building collapse due to punching shear was conducted. Theoretical punching shear strength was calculated based on the Türkiye Building Earthquake Code—2018. A finite element model of the collapsed part of the building was created, and collapse mechanism simulations were performed. It was examined whether the punching collapse mechanism was caused by deficiencies in the design or the construction phase. The findings revealed the critical role of proper design phases and construction practices in ensuring structural integrity.
Analytical Solutions for Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Bending of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels
Authors: Li Chen , Li Shengcai , Yue Kong , Wu Peng , Xiao Zhongping , Shu Biqing
Published: December 2024

This study presents analytical solutions grounded in three-dimensional (3D) thermo-elasticity theory to predict the bending behavior of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels under thermo-mechanical conditions, incorporating the orthotropic and temperature-dependent properties of wood. The model initially utilizes Fourier series expansion based on heat transfer theory to address non-uniform temperature distributions. By restructuring the governing equations into eigenvalue equations, the general solutions for stresses and displacements in the CLT panel are derived, with coefficients determined through the transfer matrix method. A comparative analysis shows that the proposed solution aligns well with finite element results while offering superior computational efficiency. The solution based on the plane section assumption closely matches the proposed solution for thinner panels; however, discrepancies increase as panel thickness rises. Finally, this study explores the thermo-mechanical bending behavior of the CLT panel and proposes a modified superposition principle. The parameter study indicates that the normal stress is mainly affected by modulus and thermal expansion coefficients, while the deflection of the panel is largely dependent on thermal expansion coefficients but less affected by modulus.
Reuse of CFRP Pultrusions in Novel Post-Tensioning Cables for Bridge Strengthening
Authors: Terrasi Giovanni Pietro , Affolter Christian , Schwegler Gregor , Guerotto Andre , Winistörfer Andreas
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the development and validation of a new filament-wound CFRP sleeve and resin grout for the efficient anchorage of parallel CFRP wire bundles. Twenty-five-year-old, reused CFRP wires (recovered from two dismantled bridge cables) were examined with regard to any possible drop in strength or stiffness due to aging and then processed into two bridge strengthening cables. The new anchorage and cables were tested to their tensile capacity (giving on average 1.833 MN) in two full-scale instrumented experiments. This being successful, it gave the authors the confidence to manufacture two new 26–30 m long post-tensioning parallel-wire cables, each using 37 of the recovered CFRP wires. Both CFRP parallel-wire cables were finally successfully prestressed to 1 MN (55% of their UTS) in order to strengthen an existing bridge in the Swiss Alps over the river Ilfis in the summer of 2023. This strengthening project is described. The full-scale tests confirmed the durability and strength of the new anchorage system, and the feasibility for reusing valuable CFRP pultrusions for post-tensioning was proven by the successful bridge strengthening carried out. Finally, the project also demonstrated the sustainability potential of CFRP pultrusions. The monitoring data of this bridge project are presented and discussed.
Factors Influencing the Development of Cloud-Based Building Information Modelling (Cloud-BIM): A Hybrid FDelphi-FANP-TOPSIS-CEA Approach
Authors: Zhao Yafei , Taib Nooriati
Published: December 2024

The adoption of cloud-based building information modelling (Cloud-BIM) presents a complex landscape of potential benefits and challenges for architectural design enterprises in China. While similar opportunities and obstacles exist globally, the unique economic, technical, and regulatory landscape of China necessitates a focused analysis. This study addresses the research gap by investigating the factors influencing Cloud-BIM development in China, utilizing a novel hybrid FDelphi-FANP-TOPSIS-CEA approach. Following a systematic literature review, the interval-valued fuzzy Delphi method (FDelphi) was used to identify 4 primary and 14 secondary factors influencing Cloud-BIM adoption. A fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) was then used to prioritize these factors, revealing technology factors to be the most impactful, with interoperability holding the top position among the secondary factors. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was further used to identify Cloud-BIM, with objects metasearch being the most favorable alternative among the four potential approaches. Finally, a causal effect analysis (CEA) was used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships between the identified factors, providing a deeper understanding of the underlying dynamics. This research offers valuable insights for architectural design enterprises in China considering Cloud-BIM implementation. By highlighting the key influencing factors, prioritizing their impact, and identifying the most suitable approach, this study equips practitioners with actionable knowledge to navigate the complex decision-making process. Additionally, the novel methodology contributes to the advancement of research in Cloud-BIM adoption, providing a robust framework for future studies in similar contexts.
Cognitive Performance in Hot-Humid Environments of Non-Air-Conditioned Buildings: A Subjective Evaluation
Authors: Zhu Hui , Wang Yichao , Yuan Da , Gao Kun , Liao Quanna , Ukai Masanari , Zhang Fan , Hu Songtao
Published: December 2024

Heat waves are deteriorating the indoor thermal environment of non-air-conditioned buildings, bringing more intensive heat-humid exposures, which poses a great threat to human cognitive performance that is closely related to human safety and health. Previous studies mainly focused on the thermos-physiological aspect, trying to establish predicting models of cognitive performance, but the subjective aspect also needs investigating. In order to explore the relationship between cognitive performance and subjective responses of subjects to hot-humid exposure, a 150-min experiment was conducted in four hot-humid experiments, during which five kinds of cognitive tasks were administered to simulate the sustained mental workload. ‘National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index’ (NASA-TLX) and ‘Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule scale’ (PANAS) were selected to acquire the perceived mental workload and mood before and after these tasks. Thereafter, changes in the perceived workload and mood with air temperature and exposure time were analyzed. The results of cognitive tasks (response time and accuracy) were recorded online automatically, with which the cognitive performance index (CPI) was calculated. The results showed that five items of NASA-TLX, namely mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, and frustration, were negatively related to air temperature (p < 0.05), and they were also observed to have quasi-inverted-U relationships with exposure time. Another item, the performance, was found to have a quasi-U relationship with exposure time. Furthermore, a quasi-inverted-U relationship was observed between the positive mood and exposure time, while a quasi-U relationship between the negative mood and exposure time was detected. Finally, a performance-mood relation was established based on the correlation analysis among the CPI, mood, and mental workload, which produced a linear relation with the R2 of 0.71. This study provided references for the self-evaluation of cognitive performances in buildings without air-conditioners, which is important in the circumstance where heat waves appear more.