bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of an intelligent system to control the technological system of ammonia production secondary condensation
Authors: Babichenko Anatolii , Kravchenko Yana , Babichenko Juliya , Lysachenko Ihor , Krasnikov Igor , Velma Volodymyr
Published: March 2022

This paper has analyzed the functioning conditions for the technological system of secondary condensation (TSSC) in a typical ammonia synthesis unit of the AM-1360 series with the use of a system-control approach. The coordinates of control vectors and external disturbances have been determined. An algorithm has been developed for predicting the coordinates of the control vector for the subsystem of decision support under the conditions of external disturbances for such a complex inertial object with high metal consumption as TSSC.
The method of mathematical modeling was used to determine, based on the developed algorithm, the patterns and quantitative dependences of the influence of external disturbances such as the temperature of primary condensation and the flow rate of circulation gas on the efficiency of TSSC heat exchange processes. The regularity of increase in the heat flows and coordinates of control vector with an increase in the temperature of primary condensation has been established. The parametric sensitivity of the coordinates of the control vector under the conditions of change in the temperature of the primary condensation has been determined, which, compared with the circulation gas flow rate, exceeds it by more than six times.
The executed software implementation of the algorithm employing the MATLAB programming environment makes it possible, owing to the embedded client part (ORC client), free software access to the current data on the technological process. The functional structure of computer-integrated TSSC technology with the proposed correction subsystem under a supervisory control mode has been designed. Correction solutions involving the additional hardware and software based on the programmable logic controller VIPA and SCADA-system Zenon have been practically implemented.
The implementation of the developed system ensures the stabilization of the secondary condensation temperature at the regulatory level of −5 °C, which reduces the consumption of natural gas by almost 1 million nm3 per year.
Experimental method for determining the deformation of warp threads on looms
Authors: Makhmudova Nigar
Published: March 2022

There is a large body of theoretical and experimental research aimed at determining the warp thread deformation and tension. Analytical solutions and mathematical models of the stressed state of the warp and weft threads in the formation of fabric were proposed. In almost all studies, the deformation of the warp thread was determined separately when shedding and beating the weft. There is an experimental method for determining the deformation of warp threads, which makes it possible to eliminate some of the shortcomings inherent in the theoretical techniques. However, that method has some drawbacks, such as the low accuracy of strain measurement and the complexity of certain measuring operations, which leads to an increase in the time spent on the experiment.
This paper reports a study that addresses those shortcomings by proposing to photograph the object being measured using a digital camera connected to a computer system to print the image. An electronic caliper that is used to measure the deformation of warp threads on printing paper takes into consideration a fraction of a millimeter when measuring.
The proposed method makes it possible to determine with sufficient accuracy and speed the deformation of warp threads in the elastic feed system of the loom, as well as allows visual control over the changes in the deformation of warp threads in the machine. The use of this method makes it possible to reduce the time of measuring the deformation of one thread from 30‒40 seconds to 5‒7 seconds, which is 5‒6 times less than that in the existing one and provides measurement accuracy to at least one dozen mm.
The results of this work could be applied to determine the warp thread deformation and tension on looms when making the main weave fabrics in order to reduce the uneven tension of the main threads, increase labor productivity, and improve the quality of the fabric.
Building a model of dressing the working surfaces of wheels during the two-side grinding of round end faces at CNC machines
Authors: Kalchenko Volodymyr , Kalchenko Vitalіі , Kolohoida Antonina , Yeroshenko Andrii , Kalchenko Dmytro
Published: March 2022

This paper reports the spatial mathematical modeling of the process of dressing the working surface of grinding wheels for implementing the double-sided grinding of the ends of cylindrical components. Parts with high-precision end surfaces that are commonly used include bearing rollers, piston fingers, crosspieces of cardan shafts, and others. The geometric accuracy of surfaces is ensured by simultaneously grinding the ends at two-sided end-grinding machines with crossed axes of the part and wheels that operate under a self-blunting mode. Before starting the machining, the wheels are dressed in a working position. Moreover, the total orientation angle of the tools is selected subject to the condition of uniform distribution of allowance along the rough sections of wheels. Dressing involves a single-crystal diamond tool with a variable feed. That ensures different development of the surface of abrasive tools, which prolongs their operating time between dressings and improves overall stability. The constant size of micro irregularities at the calibration site enhances the quality of machining. The calibration site is made in the form of a straight line belonging to the plane that passes through the axis of rotation of the wheel and is perpendicular to the plane of the machined part. Based on the spatial mathematical models of the processes of removal of allowance and shape formation when dressing the wheel, the surface of the grinding wheel was investigated. Mathematical models for shaping the ends of parts when grinding with wheels with conical calibration sites have been proposed; it is shown that when applying the proposed machining scheme, there is no geometric error in the size of the part. In addition, due to the uniform distribution of the allowance along the rough area of the wheel, the quality of the surface layer of the ends of parts increases. The devised method for dressing the working surface of wheels could be used to grind the ends of non-circular components.
Analysis of the policy of operation activity of an enterprise with product reservation
Authors: Potrashkova Lyudmyla , Zaruba Viktor , Guryanova Lidiya , Sokol Kateryna , Kuksa Ihor
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the process of operative planning of the production of an industrial company under conditions of random fluctuations in current demand. It is shown that under these conditions there are losses, the size of which depends on the adopted policy of operation activity. The policy of operation activity is understood as the rule of making decisions on current production volumes based on information about incoming orders, probable volumes of future demand, and possible losses due to the deviation of capacity load from the normative one.
In the paper, it is proposed to assess the effectiveness of each policy of operation activity using the indicator of the limit average economic effect per unit of time for an infinite number of periods. An original approach to assessing the effectiveness of the policy of operation activity with product reservation was developed. It was shown that when using this policy, there is an effect of product "overstock" on the chains of successive periods. It was proposed to select the initial reserve so that the probability of completion of the reservation chain for a given number of periods should be close to unity. Such an approach creates an opportunity to determine the expected economic effect on the chains of reservation of various product types and, as a result, to assess the policy effectiveness in general.
An assessment of the effectiveness of the policy with reservation in the form of the dependence of the policy effectiveness indicator on the values of cost indicators was obtained. Comparison of this assessment with a similar assessment of the effectiveness of the policy of fulfilling incoming orders allowed finding a condition under which the policy with reservation is more profitable. It involves ensuring that the magnitude of losses per unit of production associated with the product stock storage does not exceed half the sum of the magnitude of losses per unit of production due to downtime and excess capacity load.
Creation of an innovative robot with a gripper for moving plant microshoots from the in vitro transport tank to the working tank with soil ground at the stage of their adaptation in soil ground during microclonal reproduction
Authors: Kaimov Abylay , Syrgaliyev Yerzhan , Tuleshov Amandyk , Kaimov Suleimen , Kaiym Talgat , Kaimov Aidarkhan , Primbetova Altynay
Published: March 2022

The industrial development of cities is the main cause of the destruction and degradation of natural resources around the world. Urbanization negatively affects the species composition of plants, the atmosphere and soil cover of areas of populated areas of large cities of the World. Tree plantations are the main mechanism for stabilizing the ecological situation in large cities and arid territories of the countries of the World.
In this regard, in order to obtain a large number of genetically identical plants using their micropropagation, it is necessary to automate the main stages of this technological process.
The result of the study is the creation of an adaptive phalanx gripper of a robotic complex for automating the technological process of handling operations. That will have a positive effect on solving the urgent problem of planting greenery in large cities and areas of arid territories not only in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also in other countries of the World and represents a fundamentally new approach to solving the environmental problems of the Earth.
The article substantiates various options for structural-kinematic schemes of the robot gripper, taking into account the stochastic conditions of its interaction with the overloaded object. Mathematical methods have been created for the selection and justification of the geometric, structural-kinematic and dynamic parameters of grippers for overloading plant microshoots and their computer 3D models. Software has been developed for modeling the functioning of a remotely controlled physical prototype of a mobile robot with an adaptive gripper for reloading microshoots from a transport tank to a cargo tank.
Design and implementation of a fault tolerant web-based examination system for developing countries
Authors: Eko Ceasar E. , Eteng Idongesit E. , Essien Eyo E.
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the development of a web-based examination system that focuses on automated resolution of faults such as power, network, or component failure that may occur when an e-learning system is used to conduct an examination. This system can withstand various challenges that hinder the adoption of e-learning technologies in developing countries. This is important because it will reduce the time and cost involved in conducting large scale examinations by tertiary institutions without the need to upgrade existing infrastructures. These institutions will not necessarily require uninterrupted power or network connection to conduct web-based examinations as the system can easily resume if such an incident occurs.
The architecture of the proposed web-based online examination system provides for integrated management of functions such as question pool creation and update, examination monitoring, failure toleration and recovery, automated grading, and randomization. The system also eliminates the need for manual scheduling of examinations which requires much planning and is error-prone. Different examinations can be scheduled to run simultaneously. The design technology adopted for the implementation is a client/server technology. The incremental software development model in conjunction with prototyping technique was adopted in the development of the web-based examination system due to the iterative nature of the developed software.  The system was developed using PHP, JavaScript, Ajax and MySQL. The system has been applied to conduct an examination involving more than 20,000 students per semester at University of Calabar. It has been proved to save efforts of teachers and students.
Development of microwave technology of selective heating the components of heterogeneous media
Authors: Demianchuk Boris , Guliiev Shota , Ugol’nikov Alexander , Kliat Yurii , Kosenko Artem
Published: March 2022

The relevance of solving the technological problem of guaranteed inactivation of microflora by heating in liquid media and the preservation of their useful components, in particular, in wine materials, is substantiated. Traditional heat treatment with heating up to 70...75 °C leads to a deterioration in the properties of the medium due to the thermal decomposition of its useful components. Newer is the technology of heating by the energy of the microwave field in the working chamber. But its significant drawback is the formation of standing waves in the metal chamber, causing local zones of overheating in places of maxima and underheating in places of wave minima. The consequence of this is the deterioration of the chemical composition of products and unsatisfactory inactivation of microflora.
The elimination of these disadvantages of microwave processing of media is proposed to be carried out in a non-resonant chamber developed by the authors. Selective heating in the new chamber is produced by the energy of a uniform microwave field. At the same time, there are no local overheating and underheating of products. The technical implementation of a non-resonant type chamber involves the concentration of field energy in the volume of production, the conversion of the ballast field energy into thermal energy and its utilization.
The work includes theoretical substantiation and experimental confirmation of the advantages of the new technology compared to the traditional one. Selective heating of products in a non-resonant working chamber entails the possibility of reducing the temperature required for guaranteed inactivation of microflora by 25...30 °C. This helps to preserve the components of the product due to the absence of overheating and reduce energy costs. In addition, it provides: exclusion of harmful radiation from the working chamber; prevention of self-overheating of the generator and exclusion of the dependence of the energy efficiency of the chamber on the level of its loading with products.
Devising a method for reducing active power corona losses based on changing the structural parameters of a power transmission line
Authors: Shevchenko Sergii , Olubakinde Eniola , Danylchenko Dmytro , Nazarenko Ihor , Savchenko Natalia , Shylkova Larysa
Published: March 2022

This paper reports a study into the influence of the main design parameters of power transmission lines on energy losses associated with the corona discharge; a method has been devised to reduce them. The structure of the split-phase wire, the distance to the ground, and between the centers of the phases of the line are determined at the design stage. Based on these structural parameters, the value of specific energy losses associated with the corona discharge is calculated. Studying the impact exerted on the amount of losses by each structural parameter makes it possible at the design stage to determine the structure of a power transmission line (PTL) with low energy losses. Reducing energy loss when transporting it along the line is one of the most important issues in the strategy for the development of the energy industry at the stage of the "green transition". It has been established that most structural parameters have a weak effect on the values of corona losses, and, if there is a significant impact, the implementation of such solutions leads to a large increase in the cost of constructing an overhead transmission line. Based on the analysis of the results of calculations of corona losses in power transmission lines, it was determined that the corona losses in the middle phase of the transmission line are much greater than in the extreme phases. That has made it possible to devise a method for reducing power corona losses associated with the alignment of the capacities of all phases of PTL. This effect is achieved by calculating, based on the developed method, the splitting step of the middle phase of PTL. The calculation of the splitting step is based on the preliminary determination of the capacity of the extreme phases and the substitution of calculated values in the resulting expression for the splitting step. The possibility of such a reduction in corona losses should significantly increase the energy efficiency of AC power transmission lines, especially in areas with large periods of different weather that provoke the occurrence of a corona discharge on the wires of their phases. This circumstance causes an increase in this type of power loss.
Determining regularities in the distribution of noise load from motorways and road bridges depending on the distance to a residential area
Authors: Laslov Sergii , Tokin Oleksndr , Onyshchenko Artur
Published: March 2022

This paper reports the improved model for estimating transport noise from highways at a roadside lane under the influence of noise load from traffic flow moving on an open section of the highway and over a bridge.
It has been established that with an increase in the distance from the sound source to the coordinates of the noise load measurement, the noise decreases, both in the presence of a noise-protective screen and in the case of an open section of the highway. At 100 m from the sound source, the noise load level decreases by 13.4 % in the case of the car moving over a bridge, and by 13.3 % when driving a car along an open section of the road.
It has been found that the noise level on bridges exceeds the level of noise pollution from the road to 10 dB, which is explained by the propagation of different frequencies of noise load from the bridge.
It has been determined that due to the special nature of sound waves, diffraction through noise screens does not change all frequencies evenly. High frequencies diffract to a smaller degree while lower frequencies diffract deeper into the "shadow" zone behind the screen. Therefore, the screen is more effective at reducing sound waves with a high frequency compared to sound waves with lower frequencies.
Experimental studies into the effectiveness of noise-protective screens made of metal perforated structures on sections of public roads were carried out, taking into consideration distances from noise sources to noise load measurement sites.
It is established that noise-proof screens made of steel (perforated) sheet reduce the level of noise load from vehicles to the environment by up to 14 %.
It was found that when driving cars on the road, the equivalent sound level at a distance of 1 m in front of the noise protection screen is 88.6 dBA while the maximum sound level at a distance of 1 m in front of the noise protection screen is 103.9 dBA.
It has been established that in the presence of a drain hole in the noise protection screen, its acoustic efficiency is reduced to 3 dBA.
Modeling the method for determining the stimulated brillouin scattering threshold in a single-mode optical fiber
Authors: Zhumazhanov Berik , Zhetpisbayeva Ainur , Zhetpisbayev Kairatbek , Yerishova Mereke , Tolegenova Aray , Serikov Tansaule , Dunayev Pavel , Nauryz Kanysh , Kussainova Kaini , Uristimbek Gulzhazira
Published: March 2022

Nonlinear optical effects in optical waveguides play an important role in the development of fiber and integrated optics systems for optical communication and information processing. On the one hand, nonlinear effects impose restrictions on the radiation power that can be transmitted through an optical fiber or light guide.
In this paper, the problem of the occurrence of the phenomenon from the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect is investigated using two optical sources of rays in a single-mode optical fiber at joint waves of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. Due to the fact that in all trunk fiber-optic lines, the intensity and energy of input signals is limited due to the influence of SBS, methods are currently being sought to reduce the influence of this phenomenon.
It was found that the energy of the input beam in the combined propagation of the compound did not reach the value of the threshold of SBS in the values of 25 dBm and 27 dBm due to the discrepancy between the experimental results and the results of the model. The SBS effect was not observed when the threshold threshold of 15 dBm and 27 dBm – SBS was reached when combining a dual beam along a single optical fiber in one direction. As a result, by double integration, the value of the SBS threshold was raised, and the direction for future scientific research was determined. If the possibility of increasing the threshold of SBS is proved, then increasing the distance of amplifiers in the main networks, respectively, its economic effect increases. In addition, it can be noted that there are no scientific papers devoted to the study of the effects of optical nonlinear effects by combining and distributing these two compounds along a single optical fiber.
This article discusses the issues of improving the capacity and determination of the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering. To increase the power threshold is invited to consider the dependence of the phase modulation frequency of the spectral width of the laser radiation.
In addition, the fact that the SBS threshold did not reach the value at an energy of 27 DB in the case of the double-beam distribution can be proved by discrepancies in comparison with the results of experimental studies and the results of the model that determines the SBS effect
The influence of concomitant cervicalgia on the psycho-emotional and autonomic state and daily activity in patients with episodic migraine
Authors: Dubenko Olga , Chernenko Anna
Published: March 2022

The aim of the work is to study the occurrence of psycho-emotional and autonomic disturbance and the impact of headache on the daily activities of patients with episodic migraine, depending on the presence of concomitant cervicalgia.
Materials and methods: 77 patients with episodic migraine (17 with aura, 60 without aura, 28 men and 84 women, 18-58 years, mean 42.5±15.5 years) were included. 42 of them had concomitant cervicalgia. All patients were divided into 2 groups: I – episodic migraine with concomitant cervicalgia, II – episodic migraine without neck pain. The Spilberg-Hanin's anxiety scale, the Beck depression scale, Wayne questionnaire, Neck Disability Index and the MIDAS were used.
Results. The number of psycho-emotional disorders was higher in group patients with combined episodic migraine and cervicalgia (p<0.05). The indicators of autonomic disturbance were also higher in I group (p<0.05). The indicators depression correlated with autonomic status on subjective signs symptoms of (r=0.380) and objective signs (r=0.554). In I group the autonomic disturbance on subjective signs correlated with state anxiety (r=0.312), trait anxiety (r=0.348) and Beck scale (r=0.351). In group II autonomic objective signs correlated with the patient’s self-assessment on the same scale (r=0.919). The level of neck disability on NDI correlated with autonomic dysfunction on objective signs (r=0.338) in I group. The decrease of daily activity was more significantly reduce on MIDAS in I group compare with II group.
Conclusion. The combination of episodic migraine and cervicalgia in patients significantly reduces the daily activity rate on the MIDAS. The concomitant cervicalgia in patients with episodic migraine to contribute increase rates of state and trait anxiety and mild depressive symptoms and autonomic disturbance
Influence of alcohol abuse and / or HIV infection on morpho-functional condition of the uterine tube in women of reproductive age
Authors: Lytvynenko Marianna
Published: March 2022

The fallopian tubes are a key link in the relationship between the uterus and the ovary. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of alcohol abuse and / or HIV infection on the morpho-functional state of the fallopian tubes in women of reproductive age.

Material and methods. The study included sectional material, which was selected from 100 women of reproductive age (20 to 40 years), who were divided into four groups. The first group included section material from 25 women who had been laboratory confirmed for HIV. The second group included sectional material selected from 25 women suffering from chronic alcoholism. The third group consisted of sectional material from HIV-positive women who also showed signs of alcohol abuse. The fourth group includes sectional material selected from HIV-negative women.

Results. Gross pathological changes in the structure of the fallopian tube, due to both the impact of HIV infection and alcohol abuse was identified in each of the groups. Changes in morphometric parameters (length of the ampullary part, outer diameter of the tube at the junction of the isthmus in the ampullary part, the area of the lumen of the ampullary part) can cause severe complications of inflammation or lead to ectopic pregnancy. The study of the epithelial and muscular layer revealed destructive-sclerotic changes, which consist in reducing the height of the epithelium and increasing the proportion of connective tissue in the muscular layer of the tube.

Conclusions. According to the study, HIV and alcohol abuse are diseases that affect all elements of the fallopian tube. Thus, HIV infection and chronic alcohol abuse can exacerbate each other's negative effects on the female reproductive system and cause morphometric changes that can form a substrate for the development of inflammatory processes and lead to ectopic pregnancy
The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of lawsone isolated from Lawsonia inermis
Authors: Al-Snafi Ali Esmail , Talab Tayseer Ali , Alfuraiji Narjes
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of lawsone isolated from henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis). 

Methods: A total of 120 healthy adult mice (weighing about 25±5 g) were included in this study. Sixty mice out of the total were used to determine LD50, 30 mice to determine the anti-inflammatory test, and the remaining (30 mice) were used for an analgesic test. The hot plate was used to determine the analgesic effect, while the anti-inflammatory effect was determined by the ability of the compound to minimize the inflammation and edema caused by the injection of carrageenan. 

Results: Lawsone was isolated from Lawsonia inermis. A Stuart SMP10 digital melting point apparatus was used for measuring all melting points. Infrared spectrometer FT-IR 400D was used for measuring/recording IR spectra (KBr) which the frequency of absorption was represented as cm−1. For 1H-NMR spectrum recording, a Bruk-spectrophotometer of 400 MHz was used with internal TMS standard, with deuterated Ś 2.51 ppm for acetone-d6, remained solvent signals as well as 13C.NMR was used. TLC was utilized as adsorbent, UV light, or iodine-completed visualization to verify compounds' purities.

The LD50 of the oral lawsone was 96 mg/kg, and the highest dosage that did not kill any of the experimental animals was 80 mg/kg, which was used to investigate lawsone's analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Lawsone and aspirin possessed an analgesic effect compared to the control group (p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively); however, lawsone induced a potent analgesic effect compared to aspirin (p<0.1). In contrast, Lawsone and aspirin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05) compared to the control group and were equipotent in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema.

Conclusion: It is concluded that lawsone possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which endorse the practical medical importance of Lawsonia inermis. The latter is widely used traditionally for these purposes own to its cost-effectiveness and safety; however, further studies are required to determine the systemic safety of lawsone
Research of the pulsating flow of drilling fluid in the drill string
Authors: Svitlytskyi Viktor , Boshkova Irina
Published: March 2022

The object of research is the pulsating flow of drilling fluid in the drill string. One of the most problematic places is pressure loss due to friction forces distributed along the length of the flow and concentrated in its nodes (threaded joints and pipe bends).
In the course of the study, transformation methods were used that allow the drill string to be represented in the form of straight pipes – elements with distributed parameters connected by different inhomogeneities. This makes it possible to reduce the characteristics of the pulsating flow of the drilling fluid to the determination of the lumped parameters of the inclusions, the limiting conditions at the beginning and end of the drill pipes, as homogeneous sections of the drill string. In turn, pressure losses in the drill string during rotary drilling were divided into two types of losses. These are losses along the entire length of the column (flow) and local pressure losses, which are obtained only in certain places of the liquid flow (for example, tool joints, etc.), due to the fact that the flow suffers local deformation.
It has been found that from a technological point of view, the most favorable well diameter is the one at which the flow resistance in the pipes is equal to the resistance in the annulus. This is due to the fact that during the flow of the drilling fluid, the speed of the turbulent flow decreases only at the walls of the pipe. Therefore, under the action of centrifugal forces on pipe bends, as in heterogeneities, when local pressure losses occur due to separation of the transit flow, the pipe diameter narrows due to the accumulation of solid particles in whirlpool zones and flow velocities. With a smooth turn of the pipe, the specified separation may be absent. In this case, local pressure losses are largely due to the occurrence of a «steam vortex» at the turn (a helical movement caused by the action of inertial forces). Therefore, a necessary condition for rotary drilling is the continuous circulation of the flushing solution, the complete or partial cessation of which makes further drilling impossible. In this case, the drilling process slows down or leads to an accident. This is due to the accumulation of the hard phase in the places where whirlpools appear.
The research results will be useful to scientists and specialists in the oil and gas industry in the physical modeling of well flushing processes in the process of drilling and designing technological flushing processes.
Determination of voltage at the rectifier installation of the electric locomotive VL-80K for each position of the controller driver's
Authors: Goolak Sergey , Yermolenko Eduard , Tkachenko Viktor , Sapronova Svitlana , Yurchenko Viktor
Published: March 2022

The object of research is the electrical processes in the control system of the traction drive of the electric locomotive VL-80K (Russia). To improve the accuracy of its mathematical model, it is necessary to use the values of the parameters determined during experimental studies of the traction drive control system. In particular, it is important to use in the traction drive model the value of the voltages on the arms of the rectifier installation of the electric locomotive, taking into account the position of the driver's controller. The complexity of the simulation lies in the fact that the reference does not provide the value of the voltage on the arms of the rectifier for each position of the driver's controller, which makes it difficult to verify the resulting model. A scheme for measuring the voltage value on the arms of the rectifier installation of an electric locomotive for each position of the position of the driver's controller is proposed. On its basis, a simulation model is developed in the MATLAB software environment. The simulation model implements an algorithm for closing the contactors of the electric group contactor for each position of the position of the driver's controller. Approbation of the voltage measurement technique was carried out on an electric locomotive of the VL-80K series during a trip on the Darnytsia-Myronivka section (Ukraine). Comparison of the voltage values on the arms of the rectifier installation, obtained experimentally, with the passport data showed that the measurement error was 0.5 %. In addition, the experimental results showed that the voltages on the arms of the rectifier for paired positions of the position of the driver's controller are the same, for odd ones they are different. Therefore, when simulating the operation of the traction drive control system, the voltage values on different arms of the rectifier installation were taken separately. Comparison of the simulation results for the nominal mode with passport data showed that for this mode the measurement error was 3.78 %. For all others, it did not exceed 5 %.
Research of plate granulator operation modes in the production of coarse carbamide granules
Authors: Nadhem Al-Khyatt Muhamad , Skydanenko Maksym , Ostroha Ruslan , Neshta Anna , Yukhymenko Mykola , Yakhnenko Serhii , Zabitsky Dmitry , Yesypchuk Symeon , Moskalchuk Oleksii
Published: March 2022

The object of research is granulation of mineral fertilizers by the rolling method. One of the most problematic places is the uncertainty of the conditions of the temperature regime of granulation. The paper considers the technology for obtaining enlarged urea granules of prolonged action. It is indicated that an increase in the diameter of the granules to 7–10 mm increases the efficiency of the use of mineral fertilizers by the consumer. It is proposed to obtain large carbamide granules by rolling in a plate granulator. It is indicated that the setting of the optimal operating parameters of the tray granulator is an important factor in the efficient operation of the equipment. A scheme of a pilot plant for granulating mineral fertilizers is presented, a methodology for conducting experimental studies and design parameters of a plate granulator are described. It is indicated that in the process of experimental studies, the design parameters changed: the tilt angle of the plate, the height of the side and the frequency of rotation of the plate, the angle of opening of the spray jet by the hydraulic nozzle. In the process of research, the influence of regime and technological parameters, namely, the temperature of the layer on the plate is studied. As a result of experimental studies, the optimal ranges of design and regime-technological parameters for obtaining enlarged carbamide granules in a plate granulator were revealed. The influence of the location of the nozzle for spraying the melt on the layer relative to the plane of the plate is shown, which results in the particle size distribution of the granular product. It is indicated that a higher content of the commercial fraction in the finished product is observed when the layer in the left sector of the upper part of the plate is irrigated by the rising melt. A technique for determining the static strength of the obtained carbamide granules is given. A calculation equation for determining the static strength of a granule is presented. A diagram of a laboratory device for determining the static strength of granules is presented, which made it possible to determine the values of the static strength of granules for individual fractions, namely: for coarse, fine and commercial fractions. It is shown that the obtained values correlate well with standardized indicators.
Analysis of the inertia tensor of autonomous mobile robot
Authors: Ashhepkova Natalja
Published: March 2022

The object of research is the inertia tensor of an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) with a manipulator with different configurations of their mutual position. As an example of the AMR design of a changing configuration, an all-wheel drive four-wheeled platform with a manipulator is considered, consisting of a docking disk rotating around a vertical axis and rod links of the arm connected by rotational kinematic pairs of the fifth class. The mass of moving structural elements, i. e., a manipulator with a load, is 10–20 % of the mass of the robot platform. Let’s consider that the links of the manipulator and the platform are absolutely rigid and homogeneous bodies with a constant density; let’s neglect the mass of kinematic pairs. The next step in the analysis of the AMR inertia tensor of a changing configuration can be a study taking into account the elastic properties of the manipulator links, the uneven distribution of the masses of the platform, and the characteristics of the kinematic pairs.
The dependence of the values of the elements of the AMR inertia tensor of a changing configuration on the values of the generalized coordinates of the moving elements of the structure and the ratio of the mass of the platform and the mass of the moving elements of the structure has been studied. The analysis of the inertia tensor of the AMR with a manipulator at different configurations of their mutual position showed that the values of the centrifugal moments of inertia of the system during the relative motion of the manipulator are commensurate with the value of the axial moments of inertia of the system, even if the mass of the moving structural elements is less than 10% of the mass of the platform. In most existing AMRs, the mass of moving structural elements is up to 20% of the platform mass, therefore, in the general case, the inertia tensor of such a system should be taken as off-diagonal and non-stationary. In the future, this will make it possible to refine the equation of dynamics, take into account the relationship of control channels, simulate the movement of AMR of a changing configuration, and optimize energy costs.
Since AMR with the manipulator is an example of the «changing AMR» object class, the results obtained can be applied to all objects of this class.
Development of a method of multi-criteria evaluation under uncertainty
Authors: Sova Oleg , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Nalapko Oleksii , Marchenko Halyna , Trotsko Oleksandr , Symonenko Oleksandr , Merkotan Dmytro , Lyashenko Anna , Havryliuk Oksana , Velychko Vira
Published: March 2022

The object of research is decision-making support systems. Local wars and armed conflicts of recent decades are characterized by high dynamics of operations (combat operations) and a significant amount of diverse information circulating in information systems. These features determine the search for new approaches to increase the efficiency of decision-making support systems, given their reliability. This article solves the problem of developing a method of multicriteria evaluation in conditions of uncertainty.
In the course of the research, the authors used the main provisions of the theory of artificial intelligence, automation theory, theory of complex technical systems and general scientific methods of cognition, namely analysis and synthesis. The proposed methodology was developed taking into account the practical experience of the authors of this work during the military conflicts of the last decade. The method of multicriteria evaluation is universal and can be used to assess the state of the objects of analysis of any architecture. The results of the research will be useful in:
– development of new control algorithms in decision-making support systems;
– substantiation of recommendations for improving the efficiency of operational management;
– analysis of analysis (monitoring) objects in the course of hostilities (operations);
– creation of perspective technologies to increase the efficiency of operational management;
– assessment of the adequacy, reliability, sensitivity of the scientific and methodological apparatus of operational management in decision-making support systems;
– development of new and improvement of existing management models.
Areas of further research will be aimed at developing a methodology for intelligent management in special-purpose decision-making support systems.
Pterion: Morphometry and Surgical Significance
Authors:   Demonstrator Department of Anatomy Government Medical College and Hospital Chandigarh, Punjab, India., Gupta Vimal , Sharma Anshu ,   Professor, Department of Anatomy Government Medical College and Hospital Chandigarh, Punjab, India., Kapoor Kanchan ,   Professor, Department of Anatomy Government Medical College and Hospital Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Pterion is a H-Shaped formation of sutures and cranio-metric point on the lateral side of skull. It is marked by the junction of frontal, parietal, greater wing of sphenoid & squamous temporal bone. Objective: The study is aimed to determine prevalence of types of pterions, presence of epipteric bone. We also tried to find pterion’s relationship with anterior branch of middle meningeal artery Materials and methods: Study was done in department of Anatomy, GMCH-32, Chandigarh on 40 adult dried skulls without calvaria, of unknown age, gender and race. The skulls with broken lateral wall were excluded. Skulls were examined for 1. A. prevalence of pterion shape B. Prevalence of bilaterality of similar shape of pterion. C. Prevalence of unilateral variation of pterion on two sides of skull. 2. Epipteric bone A. Presence of epipteric bone B. relation to the suture on both sides. 3. Distance of pterion center point to frontozygomatic suture and upper border of zygomatic arch. 4. relationship of pterion on external and internal surface of skull and on inner side its relationship with anterior branch of Middle meningeal artery. Observations: In the present study 3 types of pterions i.e., Sphenoparietal, stellate, frontotemporal were observed. Sphenoparietal was found to be present bilaterally 40% on both sides. Frontotemporal & stellate were 2.5%. Sphenoparietal type of pterion was 55% on right side & 67.5% on left side. frontotemporal type of pterion was 5% on right side & 2.5% on left side, stellate type was 7.5% on right side & 2.5% on left side. epipteric bone were present in pterion on right side in 32.5% & on left side 27.5%. Pterion was lying approximately 3.5 cm above the zygomatic arch and 2.83 cm behind the posterior margin of frontozygomatic suture. Conclusion: in our study the commonest type of pterion shape was Sphenoparietal. This type was most common to be present bilaterally. Epipteric bone was found in Sphenoparietal type both unilaterally & bilaterally. The anterior branch of MMA was closest and farthest in stellate type. KEY WORDS: Pterion, Middle meningeal artery, sphenopalatine, stellate, frontotemporal.
Determination of dimensions of Glenoid cavity from other scapular parameters in North Indian Population
Authors:   Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India., Sehmi Seema , Mahajan Anupama ,   Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Published: March 2022

Background: The Glenoid cavity dimensions can help to predict the incidence of glenohumeral dislocations in a population. Purpose of study: The present study involved the measurements of the body of the scapula and the glenoid cavity and to draw the relationship of them to predict the chances of glenohumeral dislocations in North Indian Population. Methods: A total number of 130 adult scapulae of unknown sex showing complete ossification and without any damage were included in the study. The various shapes of glenoid cavities both on right and left sides were noted and analysed. A digital Vernier calliper was used to measure all the dimensions of scapula as well as glenoid cavity. The data was analysed and regression formulae to estimate the glenoid cavity dimensions were drawn. Results: Most common shape of the glenoid cavity in the present study was pear shaped (52.30%) followed by inverted comma shaped (33.07%) and least common was oval shaped (14.63%). Mean maximum height of scapula (MSH) was 142.45± 2.32 mm, mean maximum width of scapula (MSW) was 102.65± 0.21mm. Mean maximum glenoid height (MGH) was 38.77± 3.15mm, mean maximum glenoid width I (MGW I) was 23.82± 2.11 mm, mean maximum glenoid width II ( MGW II) was 14.78± 9.11mm. Mean scapular index (SI) was 71.32± 0.61(60-<73) % and mean glenoid index (GI) was 60.43± 5.43%( 60-69%). Bilateral differences in these parameters were statistically insignificant. Mean maximum scapular height was significantly correlated with both mean maximum glenoid height and mean maximum glenoid width. There was also found highly significant interglenoid dimension correlation. Conclusion: Glenohumeral dislocations are expected if indices are <50% or > 89%. A deviation from the normal relation between maximum glenoid width and maximum glenoid length also indicates glenohumeral instability. KEY WORDS: Glenoid cavity, Gleno humeral, Scapula.
Harlequin Ichthyosis: Folklore of Demon
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India., Sunil O  , M S Trinesh Gowda ,   Department of Anatomy, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India.
Published: March 2022

Background: Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe and rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, characterized by severe hyperkeratosis, extensive fissuring and massive, diamond-shaped scales which limit the child’s movements. The term harlequin comes from the baby’s facial expression and diamond-shaped pattern of the scales like the 17th century entertainers, harlequins. The underlying genetic abnormality has been identified as a mutation in the lipid-transporter gene ABCA 12 on chromosome 2q35. Aim and objectives: To provide a comprehensive knowledge of severe forms of congenital ichthyosis, the harlequin ichthyosis and abolish the superstitious notion regarding the appearance of the neonate. Materials and Methods: The present report is case of premature girl baby delivered at MIMS, Mandya. The neonate presented plaques of rigid fixed skin, separated by deep red fissures, facial features were obliterated by thickened skin, undeveloped nose and pinna, severe ectropion and eclabium. Intensive care was given and survival was prolonged by systemic retinoids. The neonate succumbed to respiratory failure few days later. Results and conclusion: The present study gives a comprehensive knowledge of harlequin ichthyosis and provides emphasis on sensitization of the disease to prevent any misconception or superstition. Also lays emphasis on Genetic counseling of the couple to prevent further occurrences. KEY WORDS: Eclabium, Ectropion, Harlequin ichthyosis.