bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chronology of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866), Kamensky, 1905: Infection in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)
Authors: Barçante T. A. , Barçante J. M. P. , Cardoso L. , Remedio R. N. , Lima W. S.
Published: March 2020

The intermediate hosts of the French heartworm Angiostrongylus vasorum are aquatic and terrestrial gastropods. The present work is aimed at clarifying the sites of penetration and the migratory routes of A. vasorum in Biomphalaria glabrata snail tissues and evaluating their perilarval reaction with regard to the cellular composition and histological alterations involved in the gastropod response to infection. Biomphalaria glabrata snails were individually infected with 1000 first-stage larvae (L1) of A. vasorum each and killed at predetermined times after infection. Percutaneous infection occurred simultaneously with oral infection. Despite larval tropism to the fibromuscular tissue, some larvae were located in different tissues and organs. A perilarval reaction was observed around the larvae in a fibromuscular layer, appearing later around the larvae located in the viscera. The number of hemocytes surrounding the larvae increased gradually, forming a pregranuloma. Larval death and degeneration were not observed. No defined migratory pattern occurred, and larval development was apparently not associated with particular tissues or organs. In addition, the infection by A. vasorum induces a systemic mobilization of hemocytes in perilarval reaction.
Acute and Subacute Toxicity Profiles of the Methanol Extract of Lycopersicon esculentum L. Leaves (Tomato), a Botanical with Promising In Vitro Anticancer Potential
Authors: Nguenang Gaëlle S. , Ntyam Arsène S. M. , Kuete Victor
Published: March 2020

Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) is a plant widely used in Africa like food and to solve many health problems. The methanol crude extract of tomato recently demonstrated a good antiproliferative effect on many human cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of methanolic extract from leaves of this plant. These toxicities were evaluated based on the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The assay of acute toxicity was performed using a total of 3 female rats, which received a single dose of 5000 mg/kg of methanolic extract via oral gavage. For the subacute toxicity study, 32 Wistar rats (males and females) were used. The groups were treated with three different doses of Lycopersicon esculentum methanolic extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days and the control group received distilled water. The hematological, biochemical, and histopathological studies were performed after the sacrifice. Single dose of tomato extract caused no toxicity up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight; hence, the median lethal dose (DL50) of leaves of this plant was greater than this value. However, lower toxic effects could be manifested in the long‐term treatment at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) because urea level and total serum proteins significantly increased at a dose of 1000 mg/kg with respect to control. The microscopic observation showed no remarkable pathological changes on all organs in the treated groups compared with the control groups of female and male rats. These results demonstrate that single dose of tomato extract leaves is relatively nontoxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. and prolonged use of lower doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of L. esculentum orally should be encouraged, whereas highest dose (1000 mg/kg) should be avoided.
Determinants of Low Fifth Minute Apgar Score among Newborn Delivered in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Bekalu , Etefa Tesema , Asefa Adissu , Terefe Behailu , Dereje Diriba
Published: March 2020

Background. Apgar score is currently an accepted method for newborn infant assessment immediately after delivery. Low fifth minute Apgar score was strongly associated with the risk of neonatal and infant death. Even though much has been done, still, the levels of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia were significant. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying the risk factors so as providing strategies for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of newborns and identifying determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score among newborns delivered in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 366 neonates delivered at Jimma University Medical Center. Data was collected by using interview questionnaire. Apgar score was assessed by standard tool at the 1st, 5th, and 10th minutes after birth and only 5th minute Apgar score was used as outcome variable. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select the participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test was done at bivariate level and P value was used to select candidate variables for multivariate analysis. Finally, a 95% confidence interval was used to assess significance. Results. A response rate of this study was 95%. The proportion of low 5th minute Apgar score in this study was 11.5%. Prolonged duration of labor (AOR=15.18, 95% CI: 5.51-40.27), maternal history of khat use (AOR=3.21, 95% CI: 1.26-8.85), and low birth weight (AOR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.02-3.11) were predictors of low fifth minute Apgar score. Conclusion. About one tenth of newborns were having low 5th minute Apgar score. The likelihood of low 5th minute Apgar score was found to increase with prolonged duration of labor, history of mother’s khat use, and low birth weight.
Oncolytic HSV–Infected Glioma Cells Activate NOTCH in Adjacent Tumor Cells Sensitizing Tumors to Gamma Secretase Inhibition
Authors: Otani Yoshihiro , Yoo Ji Young , Chao Samantha , Liu Joseph , Jaime-Ramirez Alena Cristina , Lee Tae Jin , Hurwitz Brian , Yan Yuanqing , Dai Hongsheng , Glorioso Joseph C. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua , Kaur Balveen
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To examine the effect of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) on NOTCH signaling in central nervous system tumors.

Experimental Design:

Bioluminescence imaging, reverse phase protein array proteomics, fluorescence microscopy, reporter assays, and molecular biology approaches were used to evaluate NOTCH signaling. Orthotopic glioma-mouse models were utilized to evaluate effects in vivo.

Results:

We have identified that herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1; oncolytic and wild-type)-infected glioma cells induce NOTCH signaling, from inside of infected cells into adjacent tumor cells (inside out signaling). This was canonical NOTCH signaling, which resulted in activation of RBPJ-dependent transcriptional activity that could be rescued with dnMAML. High-throughput screening of HSV-1–encoded cDNA and miRNA libraries further uncovered that HSV-1 miR-H16 induced NOTCH signaling. We further identified that factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) is a direct target of miR-H16, and that FIH-1 downregulation by virus encoded miR-H16 induces NOTCH activity. FIH-1 binding to Mib1 has been reported, but this is the first report that shows FIH-1 sequester Mib1 to suppress NOTCH activation. We observed that FIH-1 degradation induced NOTCH ligand ubiquitination and NOTCH activity. REMBRANDT and The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis also uncovered a significant negative regulation between FIH-1 and NOTCH. Furthermore, combination of oHSV with NOTCH-blocking gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) had a therapeutic advantage in two different intracranial glioma models treated with oncolytic HSV, without affecting safety profile of the virus in vivo.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge this is the first report to identify impact of HSV-1 on NOTCH signaling and highlights the significance of combining oHSV and GSI for glioblastoma therapy.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Low-Dose Radioiodine Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Alsaud Arwa , Mohamed Shehab , Yassin Mohamed A. , Ashour Amr , Obeidat Khaldun , Azrieh Bahjat
Published: March 2020

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common primary thyroid cancer. Most frequently treated with surgical resection, some cases require radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Studies have suggested that there is an increase in second primary malignancy after RAI therapy amongst thyroid cancer survivors including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as an infrequent cancer related to RAI therapy; it has a higher relative risk ratio in patients on higher doses of radiation exposure. We would like to report a 30-year-old lady who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma. She underwent total thyroidectomy and received a low-dose RAI 131I therapy at a dose of 150 mCi, after which she developed therapy-related AML. Here we would like to highlight the association of AML with low-dose RAI as an infrequent cause of a second primary tumor compared to high doses.
A Case of Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency Caused by Pembrolizumab
Authors: Bekki Tomoaki , Takakura Yuji , Kochi Masatoshi , Konemori Yoko , Oki Kenji , Yoneda Masayasu , Egi Hiroyuki , Ohdan Hideki
Published: March 2020

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) is an anti-programmed cell death 1-specific monoclonal antibody that has become the standard second-line chemotherapy for unresectable advanced microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer. Several immune-related adverse events (irAEs), particularly endocrinopathy, are linked to the administration of pembrolizumab. We report here a case of pembrolizumab-induced isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency in a patient with metastatic colon cancer. A 65-year-old woman visited our hospital for complaints of fatigue with a recent history of primary resection of cecal mucinous cancer and hepatectomy for liver metastasis 3 years ago. Peritoneal dissemination was detected 2 years after surgery. Several chemotherapeutic regimens of cytotoxic and molecular targeted drugs were administered; however, the metastases progressed gradually. Pembrolizumab monotherapy was started because of resistance to treatment. After 2 cycles of pembrolizumab, the patient was severely fatigued. Laboratory data demonstrated that the cortisol level was extremely low. All the other values were within the normal range. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated no mass in the pituitary gland. From multiple tolerance tests, we diagnosed isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency caused by pembrolizumab. The patient’s symptoms improved promptly with cortisol treatment. An abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan after 5 cycles of pembrolizumab demonstrated that the size of the peritoneal dissemination remained unchanged. However, her serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen had decreased to normal levels. Endocrine disorders are very rarely seen as irAEs. Careful laboratory data follow-up is required to inhibit the progression of severe endocrine disorders.
Changes in Refraction and Visual Acuity after Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty versus Posterior Approach Ptosis Procedures
Authors: Zloto Ofira , Matani Adham , Sagiv Oded , Prat Daphna , Ben Artsi Elad , Leshno Ari , Priel Ayelet , Ben Simon Guy J.
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To evaluate surgically induced refractive changes (SIRC) and visual acuity (VA) changes after blepharoplasty combined with posterior approach ptosis surgery (Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection [MMCR]) versus upper eyelid blepharoplasty alone. Methods: In this prospective, comparative, clinical study on patients undergoing MMCR and blepharoplasty, comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. SIRC were calculated with the 10-step Holladay method. Results: Fifty-six patients participated in the study, 31 in the blepharoplasty group and 25 in the ptosis group. logMAR VA improved significantly after surgery in both groups (p < 0.001). In both groups, most patients showed significant changes in SIRC sphere and spherical equivalent of >0.5 D (blepharoplasty group: 61.29 and 67.74%; ptosis group: 72.72 and 72.72%, respectively). Patients undergoing combined blepharoplasty ptosis surgery showed the greatest SIRC cylinder. Conclusions: Upper eyelid blepharoplasty with or without MMCR is associated with significant SIRC 3 months postoperatively. This may affect decision-making for all patients, especially for those who intend to seek refractive correction in addition to the index upper eyelid surgery.
Exosomes From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Promote Autophagy for Myocardial Repair
Authors: Santoso Michelle R. , Ikeda Gentaro , Tada Yuko , Jung Ji‐Hye , Vaskova Evgeniya , Sierra Raymond G. , Gati Cornelius , Goldstone Andrew B. , von Bornstaedt Daniel , Shukla Praveen , Wu Joseph C. , Wakatsuki Soichi , Woo Y. Joseph , Yang Phillip C.
Published: March 2020

Background

Induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated cardiomyocytes (
iCM
s) have tremendous potential as patient‐specific therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy following myocardial infarctions, but difficulties in viable transplantation limit clinical translation. Exosomes secreted from
iCM
s (iCM‐Ex) can be robustly collected in vitro and injected in lieu of live
iCM
s as a cell‐free therapy for myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

iCM
‐Ex were precipitated from
iCM
supernatant and characterized by protein marker expression, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and functionalized nanogold transmission electron microscopy.
iCM
‐Ex were then used in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic injuries. Cardiac function in vivo was evaluated by left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial viability measurements by magnetic resonance imaging. Cardioprotective mechanisms were studied by
JC
‐1 (tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) assay, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting.
iCM
‐Ex measured ≈140 nm and expressed
CD
63 and
CD
9.
iCM
and
iCM
‐Ex micro
RNA
profiles had significant overlap, indicating that exosomal content was reflective of the parent cell. Mice treated with
iCM
‐Ex demonstrated significant cardiac improvement post–myocardial infarction, with significantly reduced apoptosis and fibrosis. In vitro
iCM
apoptosis was significantly reduced by hypoxia and exosome biogenesis inhibition and restored by treatment with
iCM
‐Ex or rapamycin. Autophagosome production and autophagy flux was upregulated in
iCM
‐Ex groups in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions

iCM‐Ex improve post–myocardial infarction cardiac function by regulating autophagy in hypoxic cardiomyoytes, enabling a cell‐free, patient‐specific therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Cumulative Adherence to Secondary Prevention Guidelines and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Solomon Matthew D. , Leong Thomas K. , Levin Eleanor , Rana Jamal S. , Jaffe Marc G. , Sidney Stephen , Sung Sue Hee , Lee Catherine , DeMaria Anthony , Go Alan S.
Published: March 2020

Background

The survival benefit associated with cumulative adherence to multiple clinical and lifestyle‐related guideline recommendations for secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
) is not well established.

Methods and Results

We examined adults with
AMI
(mean age 68 years; 64% men) surviving at least 30 (N=25 778) or 90  (N=24 200) days after discharge in a large integrated healthcare system in Northern California from 2008 to 2014. The association between all‐cause death and adherence to 6 or 7 secondary prevention guideline recommendations including medical treatment (prescriptions for β‐blockers,
renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system
inhibitors, lipid medications, and antiplatelet medications), risk factor control (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL), and lifestyle approaches (not smoking) at 30 or 90 days after
AMI
was evaluated with Cox proportional hazard models. To allow patients time to achieve low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL, this metric was examined only among those alive 90 days after
AMI
. Overall guideline adherence was high (35% and 34% met 5 or 6 guidelines at 30 days; and 31% and 23% met 6 or 7 at 90 days, respectively). Greater guideline adherence was independently associated with lower mortality (
hazard ratio,
0.57 [95% CI, 0.49–0.66] for those meeting 7 and
hazard ratio,
0.69 [95% CI, 0.61–0.78] for those meeting 6 guidelines versus 0 to 3 guidelines in 90‐day models, with similar results in the 30‐day models), with significantly lower mortality per each additional guideline recommendation achieved.

Conclusions

In a large community‐based population, cumulative adherence to guideline‐recommended medical therapy, risk factor control, and lifestyle changes after
AMI
was associated with improved long‐term survival. Full adherence was associated with the greatest survival benefit.
Hemicriconemoides phoenicis Van den Berg et al., 2015 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran: a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study
Authors: Azimi Sedighe , Pedram Majid
Published: March 2020

A population of Hemicriconemoides phoenicis was recovered from Khuzestan province, south-western Iran, in association with date palm. The recovered population was characterised by 518-645 μm long females having a 76-82 μm long stylet, rounded to oblong spermatheca filled with sperm, a 28.0-39.8 μm long tail, juveniles common, with 14 longitudinal rows of rounded scales, and males absent. Compared to the original data, no morphological and morphometric differences were observed. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene and a near-full-length fragment of the 18S rRNA gene sequences using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximal number of species of the genus, the two newly generated 28S sequences of the Iranian population formed a maximally supported clade with two original sequences of the species; and the 18S sequence formed a maximally supported clade with an unidentified isolate of the genus in the corresponding phylogeny. This is the second report of the species since its original description, Iran representing a new geographical record and supporting the suggestion that date palm could be its preferred host.
A new cystoid nematode, Cryphodera japonicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), from the rhizosphere of Japanese Podocarpus macrophyllus
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Maria Munawar , Fang Yiwu , Wang Honghong , Zhuo Kan
Published: March 2020

Cryphodera japonicum n. sp., detected at Ningbo port, China, from the rhizosphere of imported Japanese Podocarpus macrophyllus, is described. The new species is characterised by females with a globose body, protruding vulval lips, slightly concave anus-vulva profile, a stylet length of 37.2 (31.1-41.3) μm and a vulva-anus distance of 38.1 (34.7-44.1) μm. Males possess two lip annuli, a stylet length of 27 (22.5-30.6) μm long, three lines in lateral fields and a spicule 21.5 (19.1-23.0) μm long. Second-stage juveniles have bodies 543 (506-588) μm long, three lip annuli, a stylet 31.7 (29.2-34.5) μm long, three lines in the lateral fields, a conoid tail with a narrow rounded terminus, and a relatively long hyaline region occupying half of the tail length. Phylogenetic analyses based on the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S, ITS, partial 18S rRNA, and COI gene revealed the unique position of this species with other heteroderid nematodes, supporting its status as a new species of Cryphodera. The new species showed a close relationship with C. brinkmani.
Who is a ‘Salafi’? Salafism and the Politics of Labelling in the UK
Authors: Dawood Iman
Published: March 2020

In this article, I trace the history of the label ‘Salafi’ in the UK to show that there has been a marked change in its desirability and use within some ‘Salafi’ circles. Drawing on interviews conducted with members of various streams of the Salafi movement as well as content analysis of the websites, social media pages and audio-visual content of ‘Salafi’ groups, I argue that while the oftentimes unqualified association between Salafism and terrorism in public discourse may have had a negative impact on the label’s desirability, intra-Salafi politics shed more light on why some ‘Salafis’ adopt the label while others do not.
The Problem of the Islamic State
Authors: Dokhanchi Milad
Published: March 2020

This article proposes a theoretical model that contextualizes areas of contention and may even offer a resolution to a major debate in the Muslim world and the Western academy on the relation between Islam, secularism and the nation-state. Drawing on the works of scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Kropotkin, Weber, Clastres, Barclay, Deleuze and Guattari, Crone and Foucault, this article theorizes an alternative organizational system to that of State-form. This organization, called Tribe-form, is politically comprehensive in its own accord and contains political rule, conceptions of power and social orders. Tribe-form and State-form are, therefore, names ascribed to two different modes of political governance. This article then explores the striking resonances between the Islamic political canon and Tribe-form and consequently problematizes the existence of something called “state” in the early Muslim political experience. This assertion rejects the secularist position on that Islam is silent on the on the question of politics, yet it radically questions superimposing a medieval political organization based on the model of Tribe onto the modern nation-state. In short, this article affirms the political qualities of sharia, yet it challenges the suitability of sharia to operate effectively as a basis for modern state governance.
Before isis: What Early America Thought of Islam
Authors: Kashani-Sabet Firoozeh
Published: March 2020

Early America engaged with Islam through multiple channels. As American missionaries traveled abroad in search of converts, and lived among Muslims, they often viewed the religion and its adherents through the lens of Christianity. For some, Islam’s prophet was a false hero, “an impostor,” and the message of the religion was an unfortunate pastiche of the Judeo-Christian tradition. Simultaneously, American scholars of religion and the ancient Near East in the nineteenth century approached the Islamic world out of an academic desire to understand Middle Eastern antiquity. Through this process of intellectual inquiry, the American academy eventually developed an interest in the study of Islam itself. Thus, two dominant strands of thought emerged that led to divergent discourses about Islam in the United States. These two discourses—an academic one versus a popular one rooted in missionary experiences—have endured and shaped the contemporary understanding of Islam in America.
Visualising Epistemological Perspectives
Authors: Ødegaard Elin Eriksen , Myrstad Anne
Published: March 2020

This study articulates the epistemological underpinnings of a web banner’s visual elements featured on the webpage of the research centre, Kindergarten Knowledge Centre for Systemic Research on Diversity and Sustainable Futures (KINDknow). Through interdisciplinary work within a diverse framework including dialogical, cultural, historical, systemic, anthropological and more-than-human epistemological approaches, the research team has consolidated a common sphere of member-identifying visual representations. This work tells the story of how the research team became ‘ocular’ in developing a web banner and establishing a new research centre. The aim of the narrative is to demonstrate how visual forms, elements, symbols and metaphors can be productive in research teamwork for articulating epistemological commonplaces and commonalities. The article shows the text and visual elements used. The video attached outlines one of the metaphors that served as a productive thinking tool in the process.
Eunice sensu lato (Annelida: Eunicidae) from Australia: description of seven new species and comments on previously reported species of the genera Eunice, Leodice and Nicidion
Authors: ZANOL JOANA , HUTCHINGS PAT A. , FAUCHALD KRISTIAN
Published: March 2020

Species traditionally considered to belong to Eunice are now, also, distributed in two other genera Leodice and Nicidion recently resurrected to reconcile Eunicidae taxonomy with its phylogenetic hypothesis. In Australia, Eunice species have been reported from all seas and sum up to 22 species. In this study, we propose 10 new combinations for traditional Eunice species, which should be moved to Leodice; describe seven new species, four of Eunice and three of Leodice; and comment on species previous recorded from the Australian Coast. Previous records of E. denticulata, E. filamentosa, E. grubei, E. indica, E. longicirris, E. microprion, E. paupera, E. tridentata, E. tubifex and E. vittata from Australia are considered dubious. Eunice tribranchiata, originally described from Australian specimens, is considered here to be an indeterminable species. This study also includes descriptions of Eunice, Leodice and Nicidion as well as key to these genera and their species recorded from Australia.
A genomic perspective on the taxonomy of the subtribe Carcharodina (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Carcharodini)
Authors: ZHANG JING , BROCKMANN ERNST , CONG QIAN , SHEN JINHUI , GRISHIN NICK V.
Published: March 2020

We obtained whole genome shotgun sequences and phylogenetically analyzed protein-coding regions of representative skipper butterflies from the genus Carcharodus Hübner, [1819] and its close relatives. Type species of all available genus-group names were sequenced. We find that species attributed to four exclusively Old World genera (Spialia Swinhoe, 1912, Gomalia Moore, 1879, Carcharodus Hübner, [1819] and Muschampia Tutt, 1906) form a monophyletic group that we call a subtribe Carcharodina Verity, 1940. In the phylogenetic trees built from various genomic regions, these species form 7 (not 4) groups that we treat as genera. We find that Muschampia Tutt, 1906 is not monophyletic, and the 5th group is formed by currently monotypic genus Favria Tutt, 1906 new status (type species Hesperia cribrellum Eversmann, 1841), which is sister to Gomalia. The 6th and 7th groups are composed of mostly African species presently placed in Spialia. These groups do not have names and are described here as Ernsta Grishin, gen. n. (type species Pyrgus colotes Druce, 1875) and Agyllia Grishin, gen. n. (type species Pyrgus agylla Trimen, 1889). Two subgroups are recognized in Ernsta: the nominal subgenus and a new one: Delaga Grishin, subgen. n. (type species Pyrgus delagoae Trimen, 1898). Next, we observe that Carcharodus is not monophyletic, and species formerly placed in subgenera Reverdinus Ragusa, 1919 and Lavatheria Verity, 1940 are here transferred to Muschampia. Furthermore, due to differences in male genitalia or DNA sequences, we reinstate Gomalia albofasciata Moore, 1879 and Gomalia jeanneli (Picard, 1949) as species, not subspecies or synonyms of Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862), and Spialia bifida (Higgins, 1924) as a species, not subspecies of Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888). Sequencing of the type specimens reveals 2.2-3.2% difference in COI barcodes, the evidence that combined with wing pattern differences suggests a new status of a species for Spialia lugens (Staudinger, 1886) and Spialia carnea (Reverdin, 1927), formerly subspecies of Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]).
Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) VIII. The densimacularis species group, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: WANG SHUXIA , LIU CHEN
Published: March 2020

The densimacularis species group of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 is proposed based on the forewing patterns. These species are diagnostic by the forewing having three black patches on the costal margin, the gnathos usually with a membranous apical process in the male genitalia, and the ductus bursae with denticles or spines in the female genitalia. Four new species are described: P. costispinata sp. nov., P. trimaculata sp. nov., P. simingshana sp. nov. and P. yongjiana sp. nov. All the 14 described species of the densimacularis-group are listed. Photographs of adults and genitalia of the new species are provided.
Mountain Waves Produced by a Stratified Boundary Layer Flow. Part I: Hydrostatic Case
Authors: Lott François , Deremble Bruno , Soufflet Clément
Published: March 2020

A hydrostatic theory for mountain waves with a boundary layer of constant eddy viscosity is presented. It predicts that dissipation impacts the dynamics over an inner layer whose depth is controlled by the inner-layer scale δ of viscous critical-level theory. The theory applies when the mountain height is smaller or near δ and is validated with a fully nonlinear model. In this case the pressure drag and the wave Reynolds stress can be predicted by inviscid theory, if one takes for the incident wind its value around the inner-layer scale. In contrast with the inviscid theory and for small mountains the wave drag is compensated by an acceleration of the flow in the inner layer rather than of the solid earth. Still for small mountains and when stability increases, the emitted waves have smaller vertical scale and are more dissipated when traveling through the inner layer: a fraction of the wave drag is deposited around the top of the inner layer before reaching the outer regions. When the mountain height becomes comparable to the inner-layer scale, nonseparated upstream blocking and downslope winds develop. Theory and the model show that (i) the downslope winds penetrate well into the inner layer and (ii) upstream blocking and downslope winds are favored when the static stability is strong and (iii) are not associated with upper-level wave breaking.
Burnout Among Health System Pharmacists: Presentation, Consequences, and Recommendations
Authors: Prasad-Reddy Lalita , Kaakeh Rola , McCarthy Bryan C.
Published: March 2020

Burnout remains an emerging challenge in healthcare. Burnout in these settings has been associated with compromised personal wellbeing, decreased work productivity, higher healthcare costs, decreased patient satisfaction, and deteriorating quality of patient care. As pharmacist roles on healthcare teams expand, health-system pharmacy leaders should be cognizant of burnout, including risk factors and identification. Coordinated efforts should foster pharmacist wellbeing and resilience, individualized work-related responsibilities to ensure professional ambitions are met, promotion of upper leadership expectation transparency, and cultivation of relationships within the pharmacy department.
Everyday sexuality in social work field placement
Authors: Lavie-Ajayi Maya
Published: March 2020

Little research attention has been given to exploring manifestations of sexuality in social work field placement. Based on a thematic analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews with Israeli social work students, this study gives empirical depth to our understanding of the ways in which sexuality, as a concept, emerges in interactions between social work students on field placements and service users. The analysis identified seven issues and four emotional reactions that commonly manifested in these discussions and encounters. The findings expand the existing theoretical discussion regarding the notion of ‘everyday sexuality’ in social work settings.
The original review of alpine timberline in North America: Rexford Daubenmire’s 1954 publication, ‘Alpine Timberlines in the Americas and Their Interpretation’
Authors: Whitesides Clayton J
Published: March 2020

Rexford Daubenmire’s 1954 seminal review of alpine timberline in North America remains a valuable classic for timberline scholars. His article was published at a formative time for timberline studies and, as such, has affected the direction of timberline research for nearly 70 years. Daubenmire’s definition of timberline, his review of climatological theories controlling timberline, and his additions to altitudinal variations of timberline across latitudes remain at the forefront of timberline research.
Divided we tweet: The social media poetics of public online shaming
Authors: Shenton Jamie E
Published: March 2020

This article explores the divisive nature of social media public culture in which impromptu communities of strangers affirm or antagonize one another in non-face-to-face interactions through memes, hashtags, and other posts. Drawing upon the work of Michael Herzfeld, specifically his notion of cultural intimacy and social poetics, this article analyzes contemporary politicized social media to demonstrate what I call social media poetics, briefly, public online shaming through which antagonists criticize one another and, in so doing, create their own identities; this process relies upon essentializing communities of posters that quickly become polarized. During social media acts of “creative shame,” people “become” their posts, making social media a vehicle for perpetuating both community and disunity based on social identities affirmed or antagonized when somehow “embodied” in the posts.
Assembly research of aero-engine casing involving bolted connection based on rigid-compliant coupling assembly deviation modeling
Authors: Kang Hehe , Li Zhi-Min
Published: March 2020

Assembly analysis is necessary for mechanical product to optimize design and improve the product quality since assembly deviation is the key factor affecting the assembly quality. In this paper, the rigid-compliant assembly of thin-walled aero-engine casing is studied to evaluate the assembly quality at the design stage. First, the Jacobian–Torsor model is proposed to construct multistage casing assembly owing to its effectiveness to express assembly deviation. The torsor expression is modified and expanded to present the rigid-compliant coupling tolerance. Then, the partial parallel chain is addressed via combination operation. By using extremum and statistical method, the tolerance zone and the distribution of the objective deviation are obtained. Furthermore, to study the effect of specified compliant deviation on statistical distribution, the bolt looseness and positional deformation are investigated to provide an effective means for geometric deviation and connecting joints of aero-engine casing components of precision assembly. The presented method can address compliant deformation tolerance and geometrical manufacturing tolerance together, and is reliable for casing assembly to predict assembly quality at the design stage. In addition, it also has a great significance to guide tolerance design and product optimization.
Interventions for Adolescents With ADHD to Improve Peer Social Functioning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Morris Sarah , Sheen Jade , Ling Mathew , Foley Denise , Sciberras Emma
Published: March 2020

Objective: Peer social functioning difficulties characteristic of ADHD persist into adolescence, but the efficacy of interventions for this age group remains unclear. Method: A systematic search of nonpharmacological interventions for adolescents with ADHD (10–18 years) identified 11 trials addressing social functioning, of which eight were included in meta-analyses. Results: Random effects meta-analyses of four randomized trials found no differences in social functioning between treatment and control groups by parent- ( g = −0.08 [−0.34, 0.19], k = 4, N = 354) or teacher-report ( g = 0.17 [−0.06, 0.40], k = 3, N = 301). Meta-analyses of nonrandomized studies indicated participants’ social functioning improved from baseline to postintervention by parent-report, but not teacher- or self-report. All trials had a high risk of bias. Conclusion: These results highlight the paucity of research in this age group. There is little evidence that current interventions improve peer social functioning. Clearer conceptualizations of developmentally relevant targets for remediation may yield more efficacious social interventions.
Effects of carbon nanotubes distribution on the buckling of carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer/metal hybrid laminates cylindrical shell
Authors: Ghasemi Ahmad Reza , Soleymani Mahdi
Published: March 2020

In this manuscript, buckling of carbon nanotubes reinforced circular cylindrical composite shell under hydrostatic presser with its ends closed by rigid disks is investigated, using Fourier decomposition and the Galerkin method. The accuracy of the utilized method is verified with previous research in buckling behavior of circular cylindrical shells. Both types of functionally graded and uniform distribution patterns of carbon nanotubes are studied. The novelty of this study is investigating the influence of carbon nanotubes distribution type and volume fraction on buckling resistance of carbon nanotubes reinforced circular cylindrical composite shell. Furthermore, the effect of material type and volume fraction of metal layers on fiber metal laminates is illustrated. The results show that buckling resistance of composite cylindrical shells increase about 10% by reinforcing with 5% carbon nanotubes. Also, it is shown that metal types Az91 and Ti6AlV have about same effect on buckling resistance of fiber metal laminates cylinders, and their effect are about 15% more than the effect of Al2024. With exploiting the executed analysis, pipes with optimum buckling resistance to weight ratio can be designed for hydrostatic loading.
Using information and communication technologies to improve the management of pain from advanced cancer in the community: Qualitative study of the experience of implementation for patients and health professionals in a trial
Authors: Hackett Julia , Allsop Matthew J , Taylor Sally , Bennett Michael I , Bewick Bridgette M
Published: March 2020

In cancer care, there are emerging information and communication technology systems being developed, enabling real-time information sharing between patients and health professionals. This study explored health professionals’ and patients’ perceptions of their engagement with an information and communication technology system for pain management to understand the mechanisms that could support implementation into routine palliative care practice. This was a qualitative study, embedded within a randomised control trial, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The role of health professionals was a key component to patient engagement with the information and communication technology system. Where patients engaged with the information and communication technology system, both patients and health professionals reported benefits to system use in addition to usual care. Implementation issues were identified that can be used to guide future system development to support pain management in the context of routine clinical care in palliative care services. Where interventions are dependent on multiple providers, collaborative working and consideration of the context within which they are set are needed.
Gatekeeping the interactional order: field access and linguistic ideologies in Content and Language Integrated Learning–type bilingual education programs in Spanish secondary schools
Authors: Poveda David , Giampapa Frances , Relaño-Pastor Ana María
Published: March 2020

This article reflexively discusses field access as a continuous process in linguistic ethnographic fieldwork and illustrates how interactions generated during negotiations to establish a research collaboration, initial contacts with participants or data gathered to complement audio-visual recordings of naturally occurring interaction can, in fact, become rich sources to answer research questions. The discussion is based on a critical sociolinguistic ethnography on the implementation of English-Spanish ‘bilingual programs’ in a mid-sized city in central Spain. To build this discussion we propose a framework in which particular research stances held by participants become closely intertwined with particular research processes, spaces and techniques.
General model for best feature extraction of EEG using discrete wavelet transform wavelet family and differential evolution
Authors: al-Qerem Ahmad , Kharbat Faten , Nashwan Shadi , Ashraf Staish , blaou khairi
Published: March 2020

Wavelet family and differential evolution are proposed for categorization of epilepsy cases based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Discrete wavelet transform is widely used in feature extraction step because it efficiently works in this field, as confirmed by the results of previous studies. The feature selection step is used to minimize dimensionality by excluding irrelevant features. This step is conducted using differential evolution. This article presents an efficient model for EEG classification by considering feature extraction and selection. Seven different types of common wavelets were tested in our research work. These are Discrete Meyer (dmey), Reverse biorthogonal (rbio), Biorthogonal (bior), Daubechies (db), Symlets (sym), Coiflets (coif), and Haar (Haar). Several kinds of discrete wavelet transform are used to produce a wide variety of features. Afterwards, we use differential evolution to choose appropriate features that will achieve the best performance of signal classification. For classification step, we have used Bonn databases to build the classifiers and test their performance. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model.
One New Terphenyl Glycoside From a Sponge-Derived Fungus Trichoderma reesei (HN-2016-018)
Authors: Rehman Saif Ur , Wu Jing-Shuai , Yang Lu-Jia , Ting Shi , Shao Chang-Lun , Wang Chang-Yun
Published: March 2020

One new terphenyl glycoside (1), gliocladinin D, together with 4 known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Trichoderma reesei (HN-2016-018). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by the comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Compound 3 exhibited moderate Topo I inhibitory activity.
Caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation in two Spanish cohorts
Authors: Bazal P , Gea A , Navarro A M , Salas-Salvadó J , Corella D , Alonso-Gómez A , Fitó M , Muñoz-Bravo C , Estruch R , Fiol M , Lapetra J , Serra-Majem L , Ros E , Rekondo J , Muñoz M A , Basora J , Sorlí J V , Toledo E , Martínez-González M A , Ruiz-Canela M
Published: March 2020

Aims

The association between caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation remains unclear. Recent studies suggest an inverse association only between a moderate caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation, but others have reported no association. The aim of our study was to prospectively assess the association between caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation in two Spanish cohorts, one of adults from a general population and another of elderly participants at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods and results

We included 18,983 and 6479 participants from the ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ (SUN) and ‘Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea’ (PREDIMED) cohorts, respectively. Participants were classified according to their caffeinated coffee consumption in three groups: ≤3 cups/month, 1–7 cups/week, and >1 cup/day. We identified 97 atrial fibrillation cases after a median follow-up of 10.3 years (interquartile range 6.5–13.5), in the SUN cohort and 250 cases after 4.4 years median follow-up (interquartile range 2.8–5.8) in the PREDIMED study. No significant associations were observed in the SUN cohort although a J-shaped association was suggested. A significant inverse association between the intermediate category of caffeinated coffee consumption (1–7 cups/week) and atrial fibrillation was observed in PREDIMED participants with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio = 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.36–0.79) when compared with participants who did not consume caffeinated coffee or did it only occasionally. No association was found for higher levels of caffeinated coffee consumption (>1 cup per day), hazard ratio = 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.49–1.28). In the meta-analysis of both PREDIMED and SUN studies, the hazard ratio for intermediate consumption of caffeinated coffee was 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.44–0.82) without evidence of heterogeneity. Similar findings were found for the association between caffeine intake and atrial fibrillation risk.

Conclusion

Intermediate levels of caffeinated coffee consumption (1–7 cups/week) were associated with a reduction in atrial fibrillation risk in two prospective Mediterranean cohorts.
Limb lengthening history, evolution, complications and current concepts
Authors: Hosny Gamal A.
Published: March 2020

Limb lengthening continues to be a real challenge to both the patient and the orthopaedic surgeon. Although it is not a difficult operative problem, there is a long and exhausting postoperative commitment which can jeopardize early good results. I aim to review the history, evolution, biology, complications and current concepts of limb lengthening. Ilizarov’s innovative procedure using distraction histeogenesis is the mainstay of all newly developing methods of treatment. The method of fixation is evolving rapidly from unilateral external fixator to ring fixator, computer assisted and finally lengthening intramedullary nails. The newly manufactured nails avoid many of the drawbacks of external fixation but they have their own complications. In general, the indications for limb lengthening are controversial. The indications have been extended from lower limb length inequality to upper extremity lengthening, including humeral, forearm and phalangeal lengthening. A wide range in frequency of complications is recorded in the English literature, which may reach up to 100% of cases treated. With developing experience, cosmetic lengthening has become possible using external or internal lengthening devices with an acceptable rate of problems.

Level of evidence:V.
Metabolic host response and therapeutic approaches to influenza infection
Authors: Keshavarz Mohsen , Solaymani-Mohammadi Farid , Namdari Haideh , Arjeini Yaser , Mousavi Mohammad Javad , Rezaei Farhad
Published: March 2020

Based on available metabolomic studies, influenza infection affects a variety of cellular metabolic pathways to ensure an optimal environment for its replication and production of viral particles. Following infection, glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis increase in infected cells continually, which results in higher glucose consumption. The pentose phosphate shunt, as another glucose-consuming pathway, is enhanced by influenza infection to help produce more nucleotides, especially ATP. Regarding lipid species, following infection, levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, and several lipid derivatives undergo perturbations, some of which are associated with inflammatory responses. Also, mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation decreases significantly simultaneously with an increase in biosynthesis of fatty acids and membrane lipids. Moreover, essential amino acids are demonstrated to decline in infected tissues due to the production of large amounts of viral and cellular proteins. Immune responses against influenza infection, on the other hand, could significantly affect metabolic pathways. Mainly, interferon (IFN) production following viral infection affects cell function via alteration in amino acid synthesis, membrane composition, and lipid metabolism. Understanding metabolic alterations required for influenza virus replication has revealed novel therapeutic methods based on targeted inhibition of these cellular metabolic pathways.