bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different transcriptome profiles between human retinoblastoma Y79 cells and an etoposide-resistant subline reveal a chemoresistance mechanism
Authors: Song Wen-ping , Zheng Si , Yao Hong-juan , Zhou Xiao-fei , Li Rui , Zhang Cheng-yue , Zhao Jun-yang , Wang Lie-wei , Shao Rong-guang , Li Liang
Published: October 2019

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most frequent pediatric retinal tumor. In the present study, to elucidate chemoresistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers in RB, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technological platforms to reveal transcriptome profiles and identify any differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between an etoposide drug-resistant subline (Y79/EDR) and parental Y79 cells.
Methods: To test whether Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to antineoplastic agents for RB, we treated the cells with etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine and analyzed them with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Y79/EDR and parental Y79 cells were used for RNAseq and bioinformatics analysis to enable a genome-wide review of DEGs between the two lines using the DESeq R package (1.10.1). Then, DEG enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was analyzed with KOBAS software. Next, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time QRT-PCR) and cytotoxicity assays were performed to experimentally and functionally validate the identified candidate biomarkers.
Results: Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine at different concentrations. In total, 524 transcripts were differentially expressed in Y79/EDR cells based on analysis of fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM); among these, 57 genes were downregulated and 467 genes were upregulated in Y79/EDR cells compared to parental Y79 cells. We selected candidate DEGs, including ARHGAP9 , HIST1H4H , RELN , DDIT4 , HK2 , STC1 and PFKFB4, for mRNA expression validation with real time QRT-PCR assays and found that the expression levels determined by real time QRT-PCR were consistent with the RNAseq data. Further studies involving downregulation of ARHGAP9 with a specific siRNA showed that ARHGAP9 altered the cellular sensitivity of Y79 cells to etoposide and carboplatin.
Conclusion: Our initial findings provided a genomic view of the transcription profiles of etoposide-induced acquired resistance in RB. Follow-up studies indicated that ARHGAP9 might be a chemoresistance biomarker in RB, providing insight into potential therapeutic targets for overcoming acquired chemoresistance in RB. These findings can aid in understanding and overcoming chemoresistance during treatment of RB in the clinic.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Syria
Authors: Kaddour Samer Haj , Alhamid Ahmad , Homsi Muhannad , Albakkar Abdulmalek , Aldana Fadi , Nahhas Rabea , Alholo Zain Alabedeen , Jabbour Ali , Alghabra Yasser , Mayhoub Marie , Jabas Mustafa , Sahhar Ahmed , Mohammed Sura , Tahan Zaher Samman
Published: October 2019

Background Antimicrobial resistance is one of the important and serious public health problems worldwide. Syria has a severe lack of data regarding this problem, especially after war. We aimed from this study to provide a unique snapshot on antimicrobial resistance in Syria.Methods This is a multi-centric cross-sectional in-vitro study. The results of routine antimicrobial susceptibility tests were collected and analyzes from five major hospitals during the period from 1st March 2018 through 31th October 2018.Results Final analysis included 2861 isolates. We noticed extremely high rates of antimicrobial resistance among all the species studied. Gram negatives have high resistance rates for cephalosporins. 77% of E.coli, 73% of Klebsiella and 82% of pseudomonas are resistant for ceftriaxone. We also noticed minimal effect of macrolides on gram negatives. 25% of Salmonella typhi strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. High resistance rates to nitrofurantoin is seen among uropathogenic bacteria. Most gram positive bacteria still have a low resistance rate to vancomycin and linezolid. 54% of staphylococcus aureus and 38% of streptococcus pyogens are resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Resistance rates to Colistin are minimal. The comparison with resistance rates before war reveals the great impact of war on antimicrobial resistance problem.Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance rates in Syria are worrying. We recommend that the Syrian health authorities apply a policy to restrict the irrational use of antibiotics, and to increase awareness toward antimicrobials use.
Randomised controlled trial of the short-term effects of OROS-methylphenidate on ADHD symptoms and behavioural outcomes in young male prisoners with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (CIAO-II)
Authors: Asherson Philip , Johansson Lena , Holland Rachel , Fahy Thomas , Forester Andrew , Howitt Sheila , Lawrie Stephen , Strang John , Young Susan , Landau Sabine , Thomson Lindsay
Published: October 2019

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalence disorder, seen in 20-30% of young adult prisoners. Pharmacoepidemiological studies, a small randomised controlled, and open trial data suggest clinically significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation, disruptive behaviour and engagement with educational activities. Yet, routine treatment of ADHD in offenders with ADHD is not yet established clinical practice. There is continued uncertainty about the clinical response to methylphenidate, a first line treatment for ADHD, in offenders who often present with an array of complex mental health problems that may better explain states of inattentive, overactive restless and impulsive behaviours. To address this problem we conduct an efficacy trial to establish the short term effects of OROS-methylphenidate (Concerta XL), an extended release formulation of MPH, on ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation and behaviour. Methods: Parallel arm randomised placebo-controlled trial of OROS-MPH on ADHD symptoms, behaviour and functional outcomes in young male prisoners aged 16-25, meeting DSM-5 criteria for ADHD. Participants are randomised to 8-weeks treatment with OROS-MPH or placebo, titrated over 5 weeks to balance ADHD symptom improvement against side effects. 200 participants will be recruited with 1:1 ratio of drug to placebo. The primary outcome is change in level of ADHD symptoms after 8-weeks of trial medication. Discussion: Potential benefits include improvement in ADHD symptoms, emotional dysregulation, attitudes towards violence, critical incidents and engagement with educational and rehabilitation programs. Demonstrating efficacy and safety of MPH on ADHD symptoms and associated impairments may provide the data needed to develop effective healthcare pathways for a significant group of young offenders. Establishing efficacy of MPH in this population will provide the foundation needed to establish long term effectiveness studies with the potential for demonstrating significant reductions in criminal behaviour and improved health-economic outcomes. Trial Registration: ISRCTN16827947l; EudraCT Number: 2015-004271-78. Protocol version: v2.0 30.08.2018
Social work support and unmet social needs in life after stroke: a cross-sectional exploratory study
Authors: Lehnerer Sophie Mirabell , Hotter Benjamin , Padberg Inken , Knispel Petra , Remstedt Dike , Liebenau Andrea , Grittner Ulrike , Wellwood Ian , Meisel Andreas
Published: October 2019

Background: Stroke patients are often affected by long-term disabilities with needs concerning social issues. There is relatively little consideration of social recovery of patients and the support required to return to work, receive social benefits, participate in daily life activities, maintain contact with family and friends and to organize financial affairs. In our study we aimed to investigate if existing tools record social needs adequately. We analyzed the current provision of social support provided in long-term care after stroke and whether unmet social needs were associated with quality of life, caregiver burden, overall function and degree of disability. Methods: Our analysis is part of the Managing Aftercare of Stroke study (MAS-I), a cross-sectional exploratory study of patient needs 2-3 years after initial stroke. Assessment tools included the Nikolaus-score (social situation), the EuroQoL (quality of life), the German Burden Scale for Family Caregivers (caregiver burden), the modified Rankin Scale (disability / dependence), Stroke Impact Scale (function and degree of disability) and the Stroke Survivor Needs Questionnaire (unmet needs). Results: Overall 57 patients were included in MAS-I, with ten patients classified in urgent need of socio-economic support according to the Nikolaus-score. Patients with lower than normal Nikolaus-score had a higher degree of disability. Thirty percent of all patients had never received professional social support. Social worker contact happened mostly during the stay in acute hospital or rehabilitation institution. Only four patients (11%) reported long-term support after discharge. Apart from social worker contact during acute care, 43% of patients had unmet needs in the long-term aftercare. Forty percent of all patients included in MAS-I were recommended for social work intervention after an in-depth analysis of their situation. Finally, we saw that unmet social needs were associated with lower quality of life and higher caregiver burden. Conclusions: Our data suggest significant unmet needs in social care in long-term stroke patients. Screening tools for unmet social needs such as the Nikolaus-score do not holistically report patients’ needs.
Risk of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia During Hospitalization: Predictive Ability of Combined A2DS2 Score and Hyperglycemia
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Yu , Ma Sheng Lian , Niu Xiaoyuan , Chang Junsen
Published: October 2019

Background: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a common complication of cerebrovascular disease. The A 2 DS 2 score has been used to predict the risk of SAP. However, hyperglycemia is not included in this scale. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether the A 2 DS 2 scoring system and hyperglycemia could predict the risk of SAP more effectively than the conventional A 2 DS 2 scale.
Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 2,552 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The A 2 DS 2 scores, fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose level on admission were collected. Regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors of SAP. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the combined A 2 DS 2 score and fasting hyperglycemia for predicting SAP.
Results: Fasting hyperglycemia was an independent risk factor for SAP (OR=2.95; 95% confidence interval: 2.11-4.12; P< 0.001). The area under curve of the combined A 2 DS 2 score and fasting hyperglycemia was significantly higher than that of the A 2 DS 2 score alone (0.814 vs. 0.793; P =0.020).
Conclusion: Fasting hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for predicting SAP. Compared with the A2DS2 score, the modified A2DS2 score (combined A2DS2 score and fasting hyperglycemia) is more effective in predicting the risk of SAP.
Keywords : Stroke-associated pneumonia; A 2 DS 2 score; Fasting hyperglycemia; Predictive value
Antifungal Resistance in Patients with Candidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aldardeer Namareq , Albar Hadiel , Al-Attas Majda , Eldali Abdelmoneim , Qutub Mohammed , Hassanien Ashraf , Alraddadi Basem
Published: October 2019

Background: Candidaemia is the most common form of invasive candidiasis. Resistant Candida blood stream infection (BSI) is rising, with limitations on the development of broader-spectrum antifungal agents worldwide. Our study aimed to identify the rate of antifungal-resistant candidaemia and the distribution of these species, determine the risk factors associated with antifungal resistance and evaluate the association of antifungal-resistant candidaemia with the length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay and with 30-day mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Adult patients diagnosed with candidaemia from January 2006 to December 2017 were included. Results: A total of 196 BSIs were identified in 94 males (49.74%) and 95 females (50.26%). C. glabrata was the most commonly isolated Candida species, with 59 (30%), followed by C. albicans with 46 (23%). Susceptibility data were available for 122/189 patients, of whom 26/122 (21%) were resistant to one or more antifungals. C. parapsilosis with available sensitivity data were found in 30/122 isolates, of which 10/30 (33%) were resistant to fluconazole. Risk factors significantly associated with antifungal-resistant candidaemia included previous echinocandin exposure (odds ratio (OR) =1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.02-1.85); P= 0.006) and invasive ventilation (OR=1.3; 95% CI (1.08-1.57); P= 0.005). The median length of ICU stay was 29 days [range 12-49 days] in the antifungal-resistant group and 18 days [range 6.7-37.5 days] in the antifungal-sensitive group. The median length of hospital stay was 51 days [range 21-138 days] in the antifungal-resistant group and 35 days [range 17-77 days] in the antifungal-sensitive group. Thirty-day mortality was 15 (57.7%) and 54 (56.25%) among the antifungal-resistant and antifungal-sensitive groups, respectively (OR=1.01; 95% CI (0.84-1.21); P= 0.89).Conclusions: Our results indicate an increase in the rate of non-C. albicans candidaemia. The rise in C. parapsilosis resistance to fluconazole is alarming. Further studies are required to confirm this finding
Effects of dexmedetomidine on porcine pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Sato Kenichi , Chikuda Mami
Published: October 2019

Background: The α 2 -receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been shown to produce sedative and analgesic effects not only with systemic administration but also when administered in the extradural space and around peripheral nerves. The effects and mechanism of action of Dex on pulmonary arteries, however, have not been determined. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of Dex on pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle by evaluating changes in isometric contraction tension. We then attempted to determine the effects of Dex on depolarization stimulation and receptor stimulation.
Methods: Endothelium-denuded porcine pulmonary arteries were sliced into 2- to 3-mm rings. We then exposed them to certain substances at various concentrations under different conditions of baseline stimulation (with KCl, adrenaline, caffeine, or histamine) and to α 2 -receptor stimulants or antagonists, or α 1 -receptor antagonists (imidazoline, yohimbine, rauwolscine, prazosin), and different conditions of Ca 2+ depletion of the intracellular reservoir or extracellular stores. We measured the changes in isometric contraction tension with each addition or change in conditions.
Results: Dex enhanced the contraction induced by high-concentration KCl stimulation. Dex-induced enhancement of contraction induced by high-concentration KCl was completely suppressed by yohimbine and rauwolscine, which are α 2 -receptor antagonists, but not by prazosin. Dex, imidazoline, yohimbine, and rauwolscine reduced the increases in contraction tension induced by the receptor stimulant adrenaline. Dex suppressed the adrenaline-induced increases in contraction tension after depletion of the Ca 2+ reservoir. In the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ , Dex suppressed the adrenaline- and histamine-induced increases in contraction tension but did not affect caffeine-induced increases.
Conclusions: Dex-enhanced, high-concentration KCl-induced contraction was mediated by α 2 -receptors. Adrenaline-induced contraction was suppressed by the α 2 -receptor stimulant Dex and α 2 -receptor antagonists yohimbine and rauwolscine, suggesting that the effect of Dex on adrenaline-induced contraction is attributable to its α 2 -receptor-blocking action. Dex inhibited receptor-activated Ca 2+ channels and phosphatidylinositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-induced Ca 2+ release but not Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release.
The effect of Sang-qi Granules on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in stageI or II hypertension: study protocol for a randomized double-blind double-simulation controlled trial
Authors: Shi Haoyue , Yang Deshuang , Qiao Jiajun , Sun Rui , Li Ruihan , Zhu Chunlin , Jing Ruiqing , Liu Liping , Huang Li , li lin
Published: October 2019

Background

Hypertension is an important worldwide public health challenge because of its high prevalence and concomitant risks of cardiovascular disease. It induces half of the coronary heart disease and approximately two-thirds of the cerebrovascular disease burdens. Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays important roles in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Sang-qi Granules (SQG), a Chinese herbal formula, is used to treat I or II hypertension. Several animal experimental studies have shown that SQG can lower blood pressure and myocardial fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory responses. However, there is no standard clinical trial to confirm this and whether SQG can improve endothelial cell function is unknown.Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, double-simulation controlled trial, 300 patients with stage I or II hypertension will be recruited and randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to group A(treatment with SQG and placebo of Cozaar), group B (treatment with Cozaar and placebo of SQG), and group C (treatment with SQG and Cozaar). SQG (or its placebo) will be administrated twice a day at the doze of 10g each time, and 50mg Cozaar(or its placebo) will be administrated once in the morning. The primary endpoint is the drug efficiency of the each three groups. The secondary endpoints are the change of average systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the day and the night, the change of blood pressure drop rate at night, target organ damage assessment (heart rate variability, ankle-brachial index and pulse wave velocity), symptoms improvement assessment (hypertension symptom scale, TCM syndrome integral scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Short Form-36 Health Survey), blood lipids, serum indicators of vascular function (changes in serum ET-1, TXA2, NO, PGI2 values) and safety indicators.Discussion

This study will provide clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of SQG in the treatment of hypertension. Meanwhile, the possible mechanism of SQG for lowering blood pressure will be further explored by observing the protective effect of SQG on vascular endothelial function, as well as its effect on related clinical symptoms, risk factors and target organs of hypertension.
Improving the quality of life in menopausal women. An overview of menopausal hormone therapy possibilities
Authors: Lisitsyna О. I.
Published: October 2019

Menopause is a woman’s journey through the transitional period of life. Along with estrogen deficiency, age-related changes in this period include relative hyperandrogenism and reactivation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). These processes can lead to both the manifestation of clinical estrogen-deficient symptoms and the increase in metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The task of every obstetrician-gynecologist is to provide appropriate professional advice on issues related to the specified period. To date, prescribing MHT in postmenopausal women, along with the mandatory compliance with a healthy lifestyle, is consistent with the general principles of maintaining women’s health and improving the quality of life. The authors of this work provide an overview of possibilities for MHT for the treatment and prevention of conditions associated with estrogen deficiency in menopause.
The use of micro-dose contraceptive at gynecological, extragenital pathology and in case of their combination
Authors: Karakhalis L. Yu. , Ponomareva Yu. S. , Ivantsiv N. S.
Published: October 2019

Besides the contraception the modern contraceptives have non-contraceptive effects. The ability to use the vaginal ring in patients with combined pathology as gynecological as somatic is important due to the micro-dosed of ethinyl estradiol and highly selective gestagen.
Combined oral contraceptives with shortened hormone-free interval. Proven advantages of the therapy regime
Authors: Dikke G. B.
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the benefits of COC in the 26/2 mode compared with the traditional 21/7 in reducing the frequency of side effects. Main provisions. Side effects – the main cause of women’s refusals to take COCs – occur predominantly on days of taking pills without hormones due to a drop in estradiol levels. Reduction of the hormone-free COC interval (mode 26/2) reduces the frequency of headache and pelvic pain and other symptoms. Conclusion. COC, with regimen 26/2, may be a promising option for users who experience adverse symptoms.
Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 – prevention and treatment of lactational mastitis
Authors: Karapetyan A. О.
Published: October 2019

Aim of the study: To present an analysis of the literature data on the role of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 in the prevention and treatment of postpartum lactation complications. Materials and methods: literature sources published in the Pubmed, Scopus database were searched. Results: according to randomized clinical studies, the use of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 in the postnatal period by mothers leads to the correction of breast microbiota by reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria and increasing lactic-acid bacteria, reducing the content of inflammatory factors in breast milk. Conclusion: Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 is an effective and safe way to prevent and treat postpartum lactation complications.
Mexican Traditional Plant-Foods: Polyphenols Bioavailability, Gut Microbiota Metabolism and Impact Human Health
Authors: Mercado-Mercado Gilberto , Blancas-Benítez Francisco J. , Zamora-Gasga Victor M. , Sáyago-Ayerdi Sonia G.
Published: October 2019

Functional foods have been used worldwide since ancient times, particularly, the prehispanic civilizations used several plants as medicinal foods. Nowadays, many Mexicans populations preserve their traditions and dietary patterns based on corn, beans, besides other endemic vegetables, mainly diverse varieties of chili, tomatoes and other plant-foods. It is well known that each species has a special complex mixture of bioactive compounds (BC) in which each component contributes to its overall bioactivity. These BC are plant metabolites that benefit human health by means of anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and antioxidant effects. However, it becomes bioactive at human body when these BC must undergo diverse intestinal transformations, due to the action of digestive enzymes, but also by the action of microbiota metabolism. Thus, the intestinal microbiota is the key factor in the mediation of the physiological functions of dietary polyphenols. In fact, limited information is available, especially on dietary phytochemicals and metabolism in commonly available Mexican plant-foods. In this review, the bioaccesibility and bioavailability major BC from traditional Mexican plant-foods products and its potential health benefits will be discussed. Besides, we compile the scientific reports and the evidence of the impact of some Mexican plant-foods on the gut microbiota dynamic composition, specific microbial metabolites and its possible contributions to human health.
Apoptosis of Leukemia Cells by Ocimum basilicum Fractions Following TNF alpha Induced Activation of JNK and Caspase 3
Authors: Rehan Touseef , MacEwan David , Shah Nasrullah , Rehan Tabassum , Tahira Riffat , Murad Sheeba , Anees Mariam , Murtaza Iram , Farman Muhammad , Abid Obaid-ur-Rahman , Sultan Aneesa
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

Leukemia, one of the major cancers, affects a large proportion of people around the world.
Better treatment options for leukemia are required due to a large number of side effects associated with current
therapeutic regimens. In the present study, we sought to determine the pathway of triggering apoptosis of leukemic
cells by Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) plant extract.

Materials/Methods:

Methanolic extract of the O. basilicum plant material was prepared. The crude extract was
fractionated into several fractions through column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as eluting
solvents. Cell viability of leukemic cells was assessed via Cell titer GLO assay and apoptosis was measured
through Annexin V/PI staining. Two apoptotic molecules JNK and caspases were analyzed through western blotting
while pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL8 using qPCR. Fractions were characterized
through LC-MS.

Results:

The most potent with lowest IC50 values among the fractions were BF2 (2:8 n-hexane:ethyl acetate) and
BF3 (3:7 n-hexane:ethyl acetate). Cytotoxicity was associated with apoptosis. Apoptosis was found caspasedependent
and P-JNK activation was detected sustained. A significant increase in the level of TNF α and a decrease
in the level of CXCL8 were observed in BF2 and BF3 treated cells.

Conclusion:

The fractions of O. basilicum extract were found to kill cells following JNK pathway activation.
Excellent results were obtained with BF2 and BF3 probably due to predominant Epicatechin and Cinnamic acid
derivatives in these fractions.
Preparation and Characterization of Agar Based Magnetic Nanocomposite for Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shah Nasrullah , Zaman Tahir , Rehan Touseef , Khan Salman , Khan Waliullah , Khan Abbas , Ul-Islam Mazhar
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of the present study was to make a biocompatible agar based composite material
via incorporation of appropriate additives within the agar matrix for potential applications in drug delivery and
biomedical fields.

Methodology:

Agar based composites were prepared by the incorporation of magnetic iron oxide nano particles,
graphite and sodium aluminum as additives in different proportions within the agar matrix by a simple thermophysico-
mechanical method. The as prepared agar based composites were then characterized by different techniques
i.e. FTIR, SEM, TGA, XRD and EDX analyses. The FTIR peaks confirmed the presence of each component
in the agar composite. SEM images showed the uniform distribution of each component in the agar composite.
TGA study showed the thermal stability range of different composite sheets. XRD pattern revealed the crystallinity
and EDX analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the prepared composites. The prepared agar
based composites were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against three pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia
coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia and the result indicated efficient antimicrobial activities
for all composites.

Conclusions:

From the overall study, it was concluded that due to the non-toxic nature, thermal stability and excellent
antibacterial properties, the prepared agar based composites can receive potential biomedical applications.
Comparative Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Cellulose from Local Waste and Cheap Resources
Authors: Mazhar Ul-Islam
Published: October 2019

Background:

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been extensively utilized in a wide range of applications
specifically in the biomedical field thanks to its excellent physico-chemical and biological features. The major
limitation restricting its application in certain areas is its high production cost. Its widespread applications demand
exploration of alternative production media compared to the existing expensive ones. Herein, an effort has
been made to utilize waste and cheaply available local resources including; waste (expired) orange juice (WOJ),
sugarcane juice (SC) and coconut water (CW) as alternative media for BC production in comparison to the synthetic
media (control).

Methods:

Waste and cheap resources were collected from the local market, screened filtered and optimized for
the development of BC culture media. BC production from all media was observed under static cultivation for 10
days. The results indicated 2.75, 2.56, 3.32 and 1.68 g/L BC production that corresponded to 27.5%, 21.7 %, 20.1
% and 31.6 % sugar to BC conversion from control, WOJ, SC and CW media, respectively. Morphology and
crystalline features of produced BC samples were observed through FE-SEM and XRD analysis. It was noteworthy
that BC produced from all alternative sources indicated high water holding capabilities (WHC) and water
retention time (WRT) that augment their applicability in drug delivery and wound healing applications.

Conclusion:

The BC production from cheap resources and its high physical, mechanical and biological properties
can be of high interest for scaling up and commercialization of BC production processes. Furthermore, its liquidabsorbing
capabilities and retention time can help in drug carrying and medical application.
Predicting Suitable Agile Method Using Fuzzy AHP
Authors: Singh Rajbala , Kumar Deepak , Sagar Bharat B.
Published: October 2019

Agile methodology promotes changing requirements and its journey has come a long
way in the software industries giving edge as well as dimensions to software products. According to
the statistics, agile methodology is more successful than traditional projects. The agile team
manages the project more efficiently and delivers quality product. In agile methodology, customer
satisfaction is a priority due to rapid development as well as continuous delivery which is the core
of the Dynamic System Development (DSD). Thus, the industry keeps pace with the new expertise
and changing market situation. This paper reveals the utilization of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical
Process (FAHP) which is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) process used in the software
industry by correlating the selected alternatives using fuzzy triangular numbers, which decides on
the best process of agile. Thus, the methodology of Fuzzy AHP for agile process selection is
discussed in this research paper. Moreover, by expressing Fuzzy AHP comprehensively and
numerally in this paper, the best likely process selection for agile methodology amongst various
criteria as well as decision making issues is implemented.
Pemanfaatan Bangunan Cagar Budaya Sekolah Jaman Kolonial Hindia Belanda sebagai Sumber Belajar dalam Pembelajaran IPS kelas 4 SD Negeri Semarangan 4
Authors: Dasirah Dasirah
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagimana pemanfaatan bangunan cagar budaya sekolah jaman kolonial Hindia Belanda sebagai sumber belajar IPS di  SD Negeri Semarangan 4,Godean Sleman Yogjakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penggunaan bangunan cagar budaya berupa sekolah jaman kolonial Hindia Belanda sebagai sumber belajar IPS Sekolah Dasar di Yogyakarta belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Hal ini disebabkan para guru biasanya hanya menggunakan bangunan cagar budaya sebagai sumber belajar hanyalah yang berupa peninggalan Hindu-Buddha dan Islam saja. Bangunan-bangunan peninggalan Kolonial Belanda masih sangat jarang yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar, padahal apabila dilihat dari dekatnya bangunan Kolonial Hindia Belanda itu lebih dekat dari lingkungan sekolah untuk sekolah-sekolah di daerah kota Yogyakarta. Hal ini mengingat bahwa kota Yogyakarta juga merupakan salah satu kota yang pernah diduduki oleh pemerintah Kolonial Hindia Belanda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa memang belum semua guru Sekolah Dasar  menggunakan bangunan cagar budaya berupa sekolah sebagai sumber belajar. Guru-guru lebih banyak menggunakan buku sebagai sumber belajar mereka. Selain itu untuk dapat menggunakan cagar budaya berupa bangunan sekolah jaman kolonial Hindia-Belanda sebagai sumber belajar guru harus mempunyai kemampuan khusus untuk mencari dan memanfaatkan sumber belajar yang ada di lingkungan sekitar. Selain itu, guru harus mendesain pembelajaran sedemikian rupa sehingga peserta didik mau dan mampu untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran tersebut.
Trust Me, I’m a Chatbot: How Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Fails the Turing Test
Authors: Powell John
Published: October 2019

Over the next decade, one issue which will dominate sociotechnical studies in health informatics is the extent to which the promise of artificial intelligence in health care will be realized, along with the social and ethical issues which accompany it. A useful thought experiment is the application of the Turing test to user-facing artificial intelligence systems in health care (such as chatbots or conversational agents). In this paper I argue that many medical decisions require value judgements and the doctor-patient relationship requires empathy and understanding to arrive at a shared decision, often handling large areas of uncertainty and balancing competing risks. Arguably, medicine requires wisdom more than intelligence, artificial or otherwise. Artificial intelligence therefore needs to supplement rather than replace medical professionals, and identifying the complementary positioning of artificial intelligence in medical consultation is a key challenge for the future. In health care, artificial intelligence needs to pass the implementation game, not the imitation game.
Tarjetas de crédito en Colombia: leyes, instituciones y efectos
Authors: Palomino-Martínez María Fernanda
Published: October 2019

En los últimos años, los sucesivos gobiernos colombianos han expedido un importante número de normas legales y han implementado una serie de políticas públicas que redefinieron el acceso a más personas al mercado crediticio. Desde el año 2006, cada Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND) incluyó un acervo de políticas económicas encaminadas a flexibilizar las condiciones para adquirir créditos de consumo; una flexibilización que suponía dar facilidades de acceso a personas con cada vez menos capacidad económica para hacer frente a las obligaciones financieras contraídas. Este documento tratará de describir las normatividades y políticas públicas, instituciones y efectos que han dado lugar a la inclusión financiera en Colombia.
Reorganisering av UH-sektoren – nasjonsbygging med regionsmak
Authors: Knudsen Jon P.
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the institutional development of higher education and research in Norway is analysed as a process that has been intimately intertwined with the strong geographical dimension of the country’s nation-building process. This aspect of the sector’s development has been important under different phases of its political history. To be legitimate, national political decisions have always had to consider and mediate between conflicting regional interests. Following Mark Bevir’s (2011) distinction between different stages of nation building, I especially point at how decision makers under the present phase of a neoliberal and networking state seem to act as if the geographical rationales underpinning the national project can be ignored. The sector in question offers an illustrative case, as higher educational institutions bear a stronger affinity to their regional embeddedness than often acknowledged.
Reformer i UH-sektoren. Det muliges kunst
Authors: Frølich Nicoline , Trondal Jarle , Caspersen Joakim , Reymert Ingvild
Published: October 2019

Public sector reform tends to harbour competing ambitions, problems and solutions. Reforms in higher education policy are no exception. They are often multi-faceted phenomena, partly because higher education institutions are complex organizations with wide-ranging expectations and demands from a variety of stakeholders. This chapter argues that higher education institutions cannot ‘organize away’ competing objectives, but rather aim to create organizational designs which help complex institutions to live with complex reforms. The chapter examines the ‘Structural Reform’ in Norwegian higher education and how higher education institutions responded. Launched in April 2015, it resulted in a large-scale organizational redesign of the higher education landscape through merger processes between university colleges as well as between universities and university colleges. As with other reforms in higher education, the Structural Reform focused on several desirable but competing objectives such as high-quality education and research, regional development and world leading academic environments.
Forskningens regionale betydning
Authors: Garmann Johnsen Hans Christian
Published: October 2019

This chapter addresses the regional impact of research. The chapter presents, and partly develops, a framework for analysing how research in a region impacts the knowledge forms in the region. In order to do so, the chapter both presents a systemic approach to the impact of research-based knowledge, defines itself within a sociology of knowledge tradition and also, based on that, uses a model of a regional knowledge system as a framework for analysing the impact of different kinds of regionally related research. This model divides the regional knowledge system into areas characterised by either institutions, norms, attitudes or rules. The chapter used this model of the regional knowledge system to map 55 different research projects that have been conducted in the Agder region of Norway over the last 15 years. The 55 projects represent a wide range of topics and disciplines. Based on this mapping, the chapter argues that a) the research projects have a clear strategy for the particular knowledge area in the region they are targeting and uses relevant methodologies for this purpose, b) research-based knowledge is supportive, helpful and critical in relation to existing regional knowledge, and c) research-based knowledge addresses a large spectrum of knowledge forms in the region. The chapter does not discuss the impact of this knowledge with respect to social change. Furthermore, a limitation of the study, as well as a suggestion for further research, is that it does not analyse how social change might be a result of parallel changes within several knowledge forms in the region.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SCHOOLOGY DALAM MODEL BELAJAR LEARNING CYCLE 6 FASE-PROBLEM SOLVING (LC 6F-PS) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEPTUAL DAN GRAFIK PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI
Authors: Susanti Reny Eka Evi , Iskandar Srini M
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan schoology dalam model belajar learning cycle 6F-problem solving terhadap pemahaman konseptual dan grafik siswa pada materi laju reaksi dan (2) mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara pemahaman monseptual dengan pemahaman grafik siswa pada materi laju reaksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian eksperimental semu postest only design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Genteng. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kelas XI MIPA 4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI MIPA 5 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengujian hipotesis dianalisis menggunakan uji t dan uji korelasi dengan taraf signifikansi . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) ada perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat pemahaman konseptual dan grafik siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi schoology dalam model belajar learning cycle 6F-problem solving dengan siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model belajar learning cycle 6F-problem solving dan (2) tidak ada hubungan signifikan ntara tingkat pemahaman konseptual dengan pemahaman algoritmik siswa. ABSTRACTThe purposes of the research were (1) to find out the effect of schoology use in six phased learning cycle-problem solving toward the student’s conceptual and graphical understanding on the reaction rate, and (2) to find out the correlation between student’s conceptual undertanding with graphical understanding on the reaction rate. The design of the research was quasy experiment postest-only design. The population in this research was grade XI of Senior High School 1 Genteng. The sample which were chosen using cluster random sampling were XI MIPA 4 as an experimental class, XI MIPA 5 as the control class.The hypothesis testing was performed by t-test and correlation test using SPSS 16 for windows with a significance level  The result of the research showed that there were (1) significant differences of conceptual, algorithmic, and graphical understanding between students who learned using the applied schoology use in six phased learning cycle-problem solving and the students who learned using the six phased learning cycle-problem solving. (2) there was between student’s conceptual understanding with graphical undertanding.
KOMPARASI PRAKTIKUM RIIL DAN PRAKTIKUM VIRTUALTERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA SMA PADA PEMBELAJARAN LARUTAN PENYANGGA
Authors: Dewi Agustina , Tika Nyoman , Suardana I Nyoman
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan perbedaan hasil belajar kimia, antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan praktikum riil dan virtual. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan rancangan non equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang dipilih dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Siswa kelas eksperimen dibelajarkan dengan praktikum virtual dan siswa di kelas kontrol dibelajarkan dengan praktikum riil. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Analisis deskriptif hasil belajar kimia siswa dideskripsikan berupa skor rata-rata pre-test dan post-test siswa. Analisis inferensial hasil belajar kimia siswa menggunakan analisis kovarian (Anakova). Hasil uji Anakova menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,041, yang artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan praktikum riil dan virtual. Skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa di kelas kontrol (81,55) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelas eksperimen (79,22). Kata kunci: hasil belajar kimia, praktikum riil, praktikum virtual. ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to describe and explain the differences of high school student’s achievement between students who followed learning process with real practicum and virtual practicum. The research was conducted on the topic of buffer. It is a quasi-experiment research with nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. The population was the student of class XI IPA SMA Laboratorium Undiksha on academic year 2017/2018. The samples were the students of XI IPA 1 class as experimental class and the students of XI IPA 2 class as control class that selected with cluster random sampling technique.The students in the experimental class followed the learning process with virtual practicum and the student in control class followed the learning process with real practicum. The data of chemistry student’s achievement were collected using the student achievement test. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential analysis.Descriptive analysis of chemistry student’s achievement were described in the form of the mean score of student’s pre-test and post-test. Inferential analysis of chemistry student’s achievement were analyzed using covarian analysis (Anacova). The Anacova test result showed the significant level on 0,041, which shown there were the significant differences of High school student’s achievement between the student who followed learning process with real practicum and virtual practicum. The mean score of student’s achievement in control class (81,55) was higher than experimental class (79,22)..Keywords: chemistry student’s achievemen, real practicum, virtual practicumt.
Estudio preliminar del fertirriego en el cultivo de la sandía (Citrullus lanatus, thumb) en Tolimán, Jalisco
Authors: Sandoval Legazpi J. de J. , Galindo Verdugo O. E. , Arellano Panduro A. de J. , Ancira Sánchez Lucio
Published: October 2019

El cultivo de la sandía (Citrullus lanatus, thumb) es de los que más requiere del factor hídrico, por lo que la implementación de una adecuada nutrición, aunado al uso eficiente del agua, puede ser una buena alternativa de manejo para los productores de este fruto en la región de Tolimán, Jalisco, y en otras regiones del país. Se realizaron muestreos de suelo y de agua para determinar su calidad para riego, así como del estado nutrimental del cultivo de la sandía mediante las metodologías del índice de balance de Kenworthy (IBK) y la desviación del óptimo porcentual (DOP). Los resultados muestran que el IBK es útil para los casos de muestras pequeñas y en estudios a nivel local (por valles y/o municipios). Asimismo, este estudio preliminar sugiere que el número de observaciones sea cuando menos de 48, porque así se tendrán tres rangos nutrimentales: alto, medio y bajo. Bajo este esquema se repartirían las observaciones en una población normal: 48 / 3 = 16 observaciones por rango, lo que es suficiente para determinar los valores reales, sin tener que hacer uso de la desviación estándar.
Transversalización curricular ambiental en educación superior mediante comités de diseño curricular
Authors: Aparicio López José Luis , Rodríguez Alviso Columba
Published: October 2019

La problemática ambiental es un desafío para las instituciones educativas que debe afrontarse desde todas sus funciones, y con especial énfasis desde la docencia y la investigación. Este trabajo expone la experiencia de la conformación de comités de diseño curricular como una estrategia para desarrollar la transversalización curricular del eje medio ambiente en los planes de estudio de educación superior en la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México. A través del método de investigación-acción, se trabajó de manera colaborativa con comités de 15 programas educativos en dos ciclos (2012-2013 y 2016-2017). Como resultado, se presenta una estrategia dividida en cuatro etapas: a) conformación del comité; b) diagnóstico de la presencia del medio ambiente en el plan de estudios; c) transversalización curricular del eje medio ambiente, y d) definición del perfil de egreso y elaboración del programa de unidad de aprendizaje. La estrategia se acompaña de dos instrumentos para su implementación. Se concluye en la necesidad de darle continuidad a la propuesta, fortalecerla y generalizarla en los demás programas educativos de educación superior de la universidad, así como iniciar un nuevo ciclo de investigación.
Ondas de Choque extracorpóreas como tratamiento no quirúrgico de retardo de consolidación y no unión ósea en fractura diafisaria de húmero asociada a axonotmesis del nervio radial, caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Terán Vela Paul , Insuasti Abarca Walter , Martínez Asnalema Diana
Published: October 2019

Las fracturas humerales pueden estar asociadas a complicaciones como no unión y lesión del nervio radial. La pseudoartrosis de húmero corresponde a 15% de las pseudoartrosis en general. La incidencia de pseudoartrosis después de un tratamiento quirúrgico varía entre el 0 y el 13%. La lesión del nervio radial ocurre en el 11.8% de las fracturas humerales, siendo más frecuente en las fracturas ubicadas en el tercio medio, de las cuales el 71% se resuelven espontáneamente con tratamiento conservador.

En las últimas décadas se ha evidenciado el potencial efecto de las ondas de choque en el tratamiento de retardos de consolidación y no unión ósea, llegando a niveles de efectividad entre el 75% y 91%, siendo comparable con el tratamiento quirúrgico tradicional pero sin las complicaciones propias de este, ya que se trata de un procedimiento no invasivo y de menor costo. Su aplicación permite la liberación de factores de crecimiento óseo, estimulación de proteína ósea morfogénica y la estimulación de la angiogénesis favoreciendo una cicatrización ósea normal.Presentamos el caso de un paciente que tras ser intervenido quirúrgicamente por fractura de la diáfisis humeral, presenta una axonotmesis del nervio radial y retardo de consolidación ósea. La lesión nerviosa se recupera espontáneamente de forma progresiva, con conducta expectante luego de 9 semanas; mientras que, el retardo de consolidación de 6 meses es manejado a través de terapia con ondas de choque extracorpóreas, de manera exitosa, obteniéndose la consolidación de la fractura a las 6 semanas posteriores a la terapia