bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influencia del engagement académico en la lealtad de estudiantes de posgrado: un abordaje a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales
Authors: Cavazos Arroyo Judith , Encinas Orozco Francisca Cecilia
Published: September 2016

Este estudio se enfocó en medir las creencias de autoeficacia académica, el compromiso afectivo con la universidad y el impacto del engagement académico sobre la lealtad de los estudiantes de posgrado en la prestación de servicios educativos; lo anterior se desarrolló a través de una investigación empírica, no experimental, de naturaleza explicativa y transversal. La unidad de análisis se conformó por estudiantes de posgrado de las áreas de ingeniería, negocios y ciencias sociales. La muestra fue no probabilística aplicada en el área de posgrados de una universidad privada en México, obteniéndose 484 encuestas válidas. Los resultados muestran que la lealtad incrementa en tanto mayor sea el engagement de los estudiantes en su proceso académico. A su vez, tanto las creencias de autoeficacia académica percibida como el compromiso afectivo son predictores de la lealtad, a través del engagement académico.
Personalidade de marca de cursos de psicologia: um estudo em cidades do Brasil, Peru e Chile
Authors: Peñaloza Verónica , Denegri Marianela , Quezado Izabelle , Campos Sousa Ellen , Barreda Parra Victoria Aymé , Gerhard Felipe
Published: September 2016

Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar tracos de personalidade de marca de cursos de psicologia de universidades com características regionais peculiares em cidades do Brasil, Chile e Peru. Os dados gerados por meio de survey com 609 estudantes foram submetidos à análise fatorial exploratória e, posteriormente, à análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura da personalidade de marca possui 3 dimensões, compostas por 13 tracos de personalidade, que se denominaram de competência, excitacão e elitismo, com coeficientes de confiabilidade aceitáveis. Ademais, é possível observar que a personalidade da marca tem identificacão adequada às características específicas de cada região, tais como atributos culturais, paisagem e clima.
Efecto de la innovación en el crecimiento y el desempeño de las Mipymes de la Alianza del Pacífico. Un estudio empírico
Authors: García-Pérez de Lema Domingo , Gálvez-Albarracín Edgar Julián , Maldonado-Guzmán Gonzalo
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo analiza el efecto de la actividad innovadora sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento de las Mipyme de los países de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP). Para ello se realizó un estudio empírico con una muestra de 386 empresas de Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Para verificar las relaciones planteadas se utilizan regresiones lineales múltiples por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO). Los resultados muestran que la  innovación en productos, en procesos y engestión impacta positivamente el crecimiento del empleo y las ventas, y así mismo a las utilidades. Estos resultados son especialmente relevantes para los países de la AP y pueden ayudar a los empresarios, a los gobiernos y a la academia para impulsar acciones que favorezcan la innovación de las empresas y su competitividad.
Atrial electromechanical delay in patients undergoing heart transplantation
Authors: Bulut Mustafa , Evlice Mert , Celik Mehmet , Eren Hayati , Savluk Ömer F. , Acar Rezzan D. , Tabakci Mustafa , Emiroglu Mehmet Y. , Otcu (Nurse) Ozlem , Kargin Ramazan , Balkanay Mehmet , Akcakoyun Mustafa
Published: September 2016

Background

We aimed to assess atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) in patients who had undergone heart transplantation.

Methods

A total of 32 patients who underwent biatrial anastomosis heart transplantation (24 men, 8 women; mean age: 42±11 years) and 30 healthy volunteers (20 men, 10 women; mean age: 36±13 years) were included in the study. Atrial electromechanical coupling (PA), intra‐AEMD, and inter‐AEMD were measured.

Results

PA lateral (68±7 vs. 51±11 ms, p<0.01), PA septal (50±5 vs. 42±8 ms, p< 0.01) and PA tricuspid (39±6 vs. 36±9 ms, p<0.01), inter‐AEMD (PA lateral–PA tricuspid) (27±7 vs. 10±4 ms, p<0.01), left intra‐AEMD (PA lateral–PA septal) (18±7 vs. 10±4 ms, p<0.01), right intra‐AEMD (PA septal–PA tricuspid) (13±5 vs. 5±3 ms, p<0.01) values were higher in patients who underwent heart transplantation than in a control population.

Conclusion

Inter‐AEMD and intra‐AEMD were prolonged in patients who underwent heart transplantation as compared to a control population. This may explain the increased atrial fibrillation and other atrial arrhythmia incidences associated with the biatrial anastomosis heart transplantation technique and may contribute to the treatment of atrial fibrillation in this special patient group.
Judging on Their Looks: Understanding Pre-Service Social Studies Teachers' Conceptions of Historical Agency and Gender
Authors: Colley Lauren
Published: September 2016

The present naturalistic study examined the historical thinking of thirteen pre-service social studies teachers as they used historical agency as lens to investigate the Second Wave feminist movement. Existing literature reflects the ways in which students understand historical agency, but has yet to examine its use as a conceptual tool to dissect controversial issues in history, such as feminism. Data included teacher candidates' responses to a survey questionnaire, researcher notes from teacher candidates' participation in a historical thinking exercise, teacher candidates' responses to follow-up questions after the historical thinking exercise, and a small subset of partner interviews. Results indicated pre-service teachers not only rely upon narratives of individual agency and progress, but also see instructional value in using historical photographs to spark secondary students’ civic action. Furthermore, teacher candidates struggled to unravel their own constructs of gender away from their interpretation of the agency of men and women in the past. The consideration of pre-service teachers’ historical thinking and its connection to their teacher purpose and rationale provides insight into finding new ways to support teacher candidates as they struggle to open up the gate to a more inclusive history curriculum.
Jobbik's successes. An analysis of its success in the comparative context of the V4 countries
Authors: Mareš Miroslav , Havlík Vratislav
Published: September 2016

The success of Jobbik, an extreme-right party in Hungary, is unique in its success compared with other extreme right parties in the Visegrad 4 countries of Central Europe. In contrast to parties in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland, Jobbik has managed to make substantial electoral gains and is a major player in the National Assembly in Hungary. This paper discusses five factors that show how the rise of Jobbik was possible. They are: a tradition of extreme right political movements, a party cleavage structure shaped by morals rather than socioeconomics, a specific national electoral geography, the negotiation style of the party and finally its reaction on the crisis of traditional democratic parties. In contrast to the other V4 nations, only Hungary has these elements present. This text explores each of these factors in a comparative context to demonstrate how Jobbik was able to take advantage of Hungarian political conditions in a way that extreme right parties in other Central European nations cannot.
Estudio anatómico de la vascularización peroneal y su importancia clínica para el injerto vascularizado de peroné
Authors: Martí M.R. , Medina D. , Español G.J. , Pérez M. , Betancourt J.R.
Published: September 2016

Introducción: Desde que Ueba utilizara por primera vez el injerto óseo vascularizado de peroné en 1973, esta técnica se ha usado con éxito como método de reconstrucción de múltiples tipos de defectos óseos. La correcta vascularización del injerto es clave para su supervivencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la vascularización diafisaria y epifisaria proximal del peroné.

Material y método: Se utilizaron 12 especímenes de cadáver criopreservado inyectados con látex negro. Se procedió a su disección, seguida de una técnica de corrosión en solución alcalina para demostrar la distribución de la red vascular del peroné de forma precisa.

Resultados: Observamos que el peroné recibe su irrigación sobre todo de una abundante red de vasos periósticos en la diáfisis y en menor medida de la arteria nutricia. Apreciamos que la epífisis proximal presenta entre 2 y 6 ramos recurrentes, procedentes de las arterias tibial anterior y tronco tibioperoneo.

Conclusión: El aporte vascular perióstico de la diáfisis del peroné es el mayoritario, siendo limitada la vascularización a través de la arteria nutricia. En la epífisis proximal, la presencia de vasos recurrentes accesorios puede ser de relevancia durante la cirugía.
Thermohaline layering in dynamically and diffusively stable shear flows
Authors: Radko Timour
Published: September 2016

In this study we examine two-component shear flows that are stable with respect to Kelvin–Helmholtz and to double-diffusive instabilities individually. Our focus is on diffusively stratified ocean regions, where relatively warm and salty water masses are located below cool fresh ones. It is shown that such systems may be destabilized by the interplay between shear and thermohaline effects, caused by unequal molecular diffusivities of density components. Linear stability analysis suggests that parallel two-component flows can be unstable for Richardson numbers exceeding the critical value for non-dissipative systems$(Ri=1/4)$by up to four orders of magnitude. Direct numerical simulations indicate that these instabilities transform the initially linear density stratification into a series of well-defined horizontal layers. It is hypothesized that the combined thermohaline–shear instabilities could be ultimately responsible for the widespread occurrence of thermohaline staircases in diffusively stable regions of the World Ocean.
Spontaneous radiation of sound by instability of a highly cooled hypersonic boundary layer
Authors: Chuvakhov Pavel V. , Fedorov Alexander V.
Published: September 2016

The linear stability analysis predicts that the Mack second mode propagating in the boundary layer on a sufficiently cold plate can radiate acoustic waves into the outer inviscid flow. This effect, which is called as a spontaneous radiation (or emission) of sound, is associated with synchronization of the second mode with slow acoustic waves of the continuous spectrum. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by direct numerical simulations of wave trains and wave packets propagating in the boundary layer on a flat plate at free-stream Mach number 6 and wall-to-edge temperature ratio $T_{w}/T_{e}=0.5$. A non-uniform distribution of the wave packet components and the interference between the radiated acoustic waves result in an intricate pattern of the outer acoustic field. The spontaneous radiation of sound, in turn, strongly affects the wave packet in the boundary layer causing its elongation and modulation. This phenomenon may alter the downstream development of instability and delay the transition onset.
Eroding dipoles and vorticity growth for Euler flows in : axisymmetric flow without swirl
Authors: Childress Stephen , Gilbert Andrew D. , Valiant Paul
Published: September 2016

A review of analyses based upon anti-parallel vortex structures suggests that structurally stable dipoles with eroding circulation may offer a path to the study of vorticity growth in solutions of Euler’s equations in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. We examine here the possible formation of such a structure in axisymmetric flow without swirl, leading to maximal growth of vorticity as $t^{4/3}$. Our study suggests that the optimizing flow giving the $t^{4/3}$ growth mimics an exact solution of Euler’s equations representing an eroding toroidal vortex dipole which locally conserves kinetic energy. The dipole cross-section is a perturbation of the classical Sadovskii dipole having piecewise constant vorticity, which breaks the symmetry of closed streamlines. The structure of this perturbed Sadovskii dipole is analysed asymptotically at large times, and its predicted properties are verified numerically. We also show numerically that if mirror symmetry of the dipole is not imposed but axial symmetry maintained, an instability leads to breakup into smaller vortical structures.
Hybrid Strategies, Dysfunctional Competition, and New Venture Performance in Transition Economies
Authors: Du Yunzhou , Kim Phillip H. , Aldrich Howard E.
Published: September 2016

Conventional wisdom suggests that new ventures can employ a combination of two general strategies to confront the challenges of operating in transition economies or regions known for their weak institutional conditions: These ventures may succeed by enacting amarket-orientationstrategy, which focuses on providing value to customers and implementing rapid responses to competitive situations. They can also engage in a more traditionalpolitical-networkingstrategy that engages government officials, which may yield public resources and enhance their organizational legitimacy. However, research results are inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of these strategies when they are combined in a hybrid form. We argue that the advantages of a hybrid strategy are contingent on the perception of a specific condition:dysfunctional competition. In our analysis of new venture performance in China, we show that political networking indeed amplifies the positive influence of market-orientation strategies on performance, but only in contexts where dysfunctional competition is perceived to be low. When such competition is high, political networking becomes counterproductive, diverting attention away from swift responses to market demands. By addressing how multiple strategies work together, we offer insights into the extent to which the effectiveness of hybrid strategies – incorporating both market-orientation and political-networking – depend on the context in which they are implemented.
Foreword: tectonic evolution and mechanics of basement-involved fold-and-thrust belts
Authors: ALLEN MARK
Published: September 2016

Guest Editors Olivier Lacombe, Jonas Ruh, Dennis Brown and Faramarz Nilforoushan are to be congratulated for their efforts in putting together this exciting and comprehensive special issue on basement-involved fold-and-thrust belts. On behalf of Geological Magazine, I also thank the numerous authors and reviewers, whose efforts have made the special issue possible.
HOMER: THE FIRST TRAGEDIAN
Authors: de Jong Irene J. F.
Published: September 2016

It is a commonplace to link Homer with tragedy. Plato calls Homer the first tragedian, Aristotle praises the dramatic concentration of his plots, and pseudo-Plutarch claims that in Homer we find ‘all elements of tragedy: great and unexpected deeds, epiphanies of gods, and speeches full of thought and representing all kind of characters’. Likewise, modern critics write studies onNature and Culture in the Iliad. The Tragedy of Hector, ‘Tragic Form and Feeling in theIliad’, ‘Homeric Epic and the Tragic Moment’, andHomer and the Dual Mode of the Tragic.
SŌPHROSYNĒAND JUSTICE IN ARISTOPHANES'WASPS
Authors: Kanavou Nikoletta
Published: September 2016

Aristophanes'Waspsis primarily a satire of the Athenian judicial system: the audience is particularly invited to laugh at ridiculous manifestations of this system and to reflect on its shortcomings. I argue here that the satire of Athenian justice inWaspsis intertwined with Aristophanes' treatment ofsōphrosynē, the notion of ‘temperance’ and ‘sound-mindedness’ in both public and private life. I further show that the connection betweensōphrosynēand justice inWaspshas implications for the characterization of the play's protagonists, as well as for our reading of its basic plot and its politics. Finally, I demonstrate that these two notions are central to the self-image projected by the poet inWaspsand in other comedies.
GREEK CULTURE IN AFGHANISTAN AND INDIA: OLD EVIDENCE AND NEW DISCOVERIES
Authors: Wallace Shane
Published: September 2016

In 1888 Rudyard Kipling published a collection of short-stories entitledThe Phantom Rickshaw and Other Eerie Tales. Perhaps the most famous of these stories, ‘The Man Who Would Be King’, recounted the adventures of two British military veterans, Peachy Carnahan and Daniel Dravot Esq., played by Michael Caine and Sean Connery in John Huston's 1975 film of the same name. Both men have seen India's cities and jungles, jails and palaces, and have decided that she is too small for the likes of they. So, they set out to become kings of Kafiristan, a mountainous, isolated, and unstudied country beyond the Hindu Kush in north-eastern Afghanistan. They confide their plan to their recent acquaintance Rudyard Kipling (Christopher Plummer), then editor of theNorthern Star, who calls them mad. No man, he says, has made it to Kafiristan since Alexander the Great, to which Peachy replies ‘If a Greek can do it, we can do it.’ What they find in north-eastern Afghanistan are the last remnants of Alexander the Great's empire, a local culture and religion part-Greek and part-Kafiri. The story is fiction, but aspects of its historical context are true. Alexander spent most of the years 330–325 campaigning in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, and he left behind Greek kingdoms and culture that flourished throughout the Hellenistic period and even later. Traces of these Greek kingdoms are continually coming to light and the archaeological, artistic, and epigraphic evidence coming out of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India reveals a prosperous and culturally diverse kingdom.
Greek History
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: September 2016

It is quite remarkable that the study of Greek economic history has been long pursued in the absence of any overall synthesis. The revised translation of Alain Bresson'sThe Making of the Ancient Greek Economy, originally published in French in 2007, is undoubtedly a major contribution that will have a significant impact on how the subject is taught and studied in the Anglo-Saxon world. The volume is effectively divided into two parts. The first situates Greek economies in their environment, by exploring demography, sources of energy, agriculture, pastoralism, and non-agricultural production. The second part focuses on the nature of ancient markets, by examining internal and external markets, the international division of labour, and the role of currency, credit, and taxation. While the first part is primarily a useful summary of current research, the second part is an original contribution to our understanding of Greek markets. Not only are we given for the first time a detailed analysis of how theagoraand theemporionfunctioned, but Bresson is able to fully document the existence of complex networks creating an international division of labour. These are major advances, but the work has two major problems. Despite its size, it is a lopsided analysis. It is remarkable, for example, that there is not a single chapter devoted to labour, and that its nineteen-page index lacks any reference to terms such as wages, class, exploitation, poverty, or consumption. And, while Bresson offers an excellent description of many economic aspects, the book is distinctly unconvincing whenever it tries to explain patterns or the nature of Greek economic growth. It will be essential for any future work in Greek economic history, but for a comprehensive framework that can actually explain things, we will unfortunately have to wait.
IN BED WITH VIRGIL: AUSONIUS’WEDDING CENTOAND ITS RECEPTION
Authors: Cullhed Sigrid Schottenius
Published: September 2016

Judging from its history of effect, theWedding Centoproduced by the fourth-century poet Ausonius is in fact not a poem about a wedding at all. It is a work about the ethics of textual recycling; about the impact of political power and patronage on literary production; about smut, or rather about where the responsibility lies when a reader sees smut when none was intended. It is also a poem about sexual violence, but this aspect of the text has been largely missing in its scholarly reception. Such an absence is perhaps to be expected. Sexual assault is a notoriously under-reported offence, and its invisibility tends to extend into the realm of artistic representation and its scholarly treatment. During the last couple of decades, for instance, film scholars have addressed the need to re-read cinematic portrayals of rape in order to unearth it from ‘metaphor and euphemism, naturalized plot device and logical consequence…restoring rape to the literal, to the body: restoring that is, the violence – the physical, sexual violation’. This issue must be addressed here, but first a few words about theCentoand the most prominent trends in its reception.
ON THE QUASI-STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION OF SIS MODELS
Authors: Da Gaofeng , Xu Maochao , Xu Shouhuai
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel method for constructing upper bounds of the quasi-stationary distribution of SIS processes. Using this method, we obtain an upper bound that is better than the state-of-the-art upper bound. Moreover, we prove that the fixed point map Φ [7] actually preserves the equilibrium reversed hazard rate order under a certain condition. This allows us to further improve the upper bound. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the results.
Ethical and Clinical Considerations at the Intersection of Functional Neuroimaging and Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: BYRAM ADRIAN C. , LEE GRACE , OWEN ADRIAN M. , RIBARY URS , STOESSL A. JON , TOWNSON ANDREA , ILLES JUDY
Published: September 2016

Recent neuroimaging research on disorders of consciousness provides direct evidence of covert consciousness otherwise not detected clinically in a subset of severely brain-injured patients. These findings have motivated strategic development of binary communication paradigms, from which researchers interpret voluntary modulations in brain activity to glean information about patients’ residual cognitive functions and emotions. The discovery of such responsiveness raises ethical and legal issues concerning the exercise of autonomy and capacity for decisionmaking on matters such as healthcare, involvement in research, and end of life. These advances have generated demands for access to the technology against a complex background of continued scientific advancement, questions about just allocation of healthcare resources, and unresolved legal issues. Interviews with professionals whose work is relevant to patients with disorders of consciousness reveal priorities concerning further basic research, legal and policy issues, and clinical considerations.
Teens and Research
Authors: NEUHAUS CAROLYN PLUNKETT
Published: September 2016

On seeing promising results in a small number of patients, some researchers are conducting trials to determine whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). This article asks whether we should open enrollment in trials of DBS for AN to adolescents. Despite concerns about informed consent, parental consent, and unforeseeable psychological sequelae, the article concludes that the risks to anorexic adolescents associated with participation in trials of DBS are reasonable considering the substantial risks of not enrolling teens with AN in research on DBS. The seriousness of AN, its high incidence in teens, and serious shortfalls in the AN treatment literature point to the need for improved, evidence-based treatments for teens with AN. This unmet need generates an obligation on the part of researchers and physicians to promote and conduct research on AN in adolescents.
Don’t Ask a Neuroscientist about Phases of the Moon
Authors: SHATS KATHERINE , BRINDLEY TIMOTHY , GIORDANO JAMES
Published: September 2016

Ongoing developments in neuroscientific techniques and technologies—such as neuroimaging—offer potential for greater insight into human behavior and have fostered temptation to use these approaches in legal contexts. Neuroscientists are increasingly called on to provide expert testimony, interpret brain images, and thereby inform judges and juries who are tasked with determining the guilt or innocence of an individual. In this essay, we draw attention to the actual capabilities and limitations of currently available assessment neurotechnologies and examine whether neuroscientific evidence presents unique challenges to existing frameworks of evidence law. In particular, we focus on (1) fundamental questions of relevance and admissibility that can and should be posed before the tests afforded inDaubert v. Merrill Dow PharmaceuticalsorFrye v. U.S.are applied and (2) how these considerations fit into the broader contexts of criminal law. We contend that neuroscientific evidence must first be scrutinized more heavily for its relevance, withinDaubertand Federal Rule of Evidence 702, to ensure that the right questions are asked of neuroscientists, so as to enable expert interpretation of neuroscientific evidence within the limits of their knowledge and discipline that allows the judge or jury to determine the facts at issue in the case. We use the analogy provided by theDaubertcourt of an expert on the phases of the moon testifying to an individual’s behavior on a particular night to ensure that we are, in fact, asking the neuroscientific expert the appropriate question.
Does bipolar disorder have a benign course?
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P.
Published: September 2016

Written records have been describing extreme states of emotions since ancient Greece (Angst and Marneros, 2001), but Aretaeus of Cappadocia (which is geographically located in modern Turkey) was probably the first to outline the close relationship between depression and mania nearly 2000 years ago: “I think that melancholia is the beginning and a part of mania. . . The development of mania is really a worsening of the disease rather than a change into another disease. . . In most of them the sadness became better after various lengths of time and changed into happiness; the patients then developed a mania” (Angst and Marneros, 2001). Limited progress in our understanding of these extreme states of affect occurred until the mid-1800s, when both German and French physicians suggested that the change from melancholia to mania was not only “usual,” but that the continuous cycle between depression, mania, and disease free intervals were the key features of a mental disorder. Jean Pierre Falret named the disorder “folie circulaire” (1851), while Jules Baillarger called it “folie a double-form” (1854).
Kant's wager. Kant's strong belief in extra-terrestrial life, the history of this question and its challenge for theology today
Authors: Losch Andreas
Published: September 2016

Kant was not the first in whom the ‘starry heavens’ above us inspired awe and wonder. For Kant, who was firmly convinced of the existence of inhabitants of other worlds, these heavens were inhabited. He is certain that ‘If it were possible to settle by any sort of experience whether there are inhabitants of at least some of the planets that we see, I might well bet everything that I have on it. Hence I say that it is not merely an opinion but a strong belief (on the correctness of which I would wager many advantages in life) that there are also inhabitants of other worlds.’ In this statement by Kant in no less a work than the Critique of Pure Reason one can, on the one hand, recognize a reflection of Kant's earlier convictions and expositions, on the other hand, the context of the citation and the contemporary background are, of course, relevant. Following the example of Kant, this paper investigates the meaning of such reflections about inhabitants of alien worlds, which due to advances in planetary astronomy are today again on the agenda. Consideration of this subject also represents a challenge for theology.
Expression profile of novel cell surface molecules on different subsets of human peripheral blood antigen‐presenting cells
Authors: Damasceno Daniela , Andrés Martín Pérez , van den Bossche Wouter BL , Flores‐Montero Juan , de Bruin Sandra , Teodosio Cristina , van Dongen Jacques JM , Orfao Alberto , Almeida Julia
Published: September 2016

Although major steps have been recently made in understanding the role of the distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DC)/antigen‐presenting cells (APC), further studies are required to unravel their precise role, including in‐depth immunophenotypic characterisation of these cells. Here, we used eight‐colour flow cytometry to investigate the reactivity of a panel of 72 monoclonal antibodies (including those clustered in seven new Cluster of Differentiation, CD) on different subsets of APC in peripheral blood (PB) samples from five healthy adults. These experiments were performed in the context of the Tenth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA10). Plasmacytoid DC was the only cell population that expressed CD85g and CD195, whereas they lacked all of the other molecules investigated. In contrast, myeloid DC mostly expressed inhibitory C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs) and other inhibitory‐associated molecules, whereas monocytes expressed both inhibitory and activating CLRs, together with other phagocytosis‐associated receptors. Within monocytes, progressively lower levels of expression were generally observed from classical monocytes (cMo) to SLAN− and SLAN+ non‐classical monocytes (ncMo) for most of the molecules expressed, except for the CD368 endocytic receptor. This molecule was found to be positive only in cMo, and the CD369 and CD371 modulating/signalling receptors. In addition, the CD101 inhibitory molecule was found to be expressed at higher levels in SLAN+ vs SLAN− ncMo. In summary, the pattern of expression of the different signalling molecules and receptors analysed in this work varies among the distinct subsets of PB APCs, with similar profiles for molecules within each functional group. These findings suggest unique pattern‐recognition and signalling capabilities for distinct subpopulations of APCs, and therefore, diverse functional roles.
Gold nanocrystals with DNA-directed morphologies
Authors: Ma Xingyi , Huh June , Park Wounjhang , Lee Luke P. , Kwon Young Jik , Sim Sang Jun
Published: September 2016

Precise control over the structure of metal nanomaterials is important for developing advanced nanobiotechnology. Assembly methods of nanoparticles into structured blocks have been widely demonstrated recently. However, synthesis of nanocrystals with controlled, three-dimensional structures remains challenging. Here we show a directed crystallization of gold by a single DNA molecular regulator in a sequence-independent manner and its applications in three-dimensional topological controls of crystalline nanostructures. We anchor DNA onto gold nanoseed with various alignments to form gold nanocrystals with defined topologies. Some topologies are asymmetric including pushpin-, star- and biconcave disk-like structures, as well as more complex jellyfish- and flower-like structures. The approach of employing DNA enables the solution-based synthesis of nanocrystals with controlled, three-dimensional structures in a desired direction, and expands the current tools available for designing and synthesizing feature-rich nanomaterials for future translational biotechnology.
CDK1 phosphorylates WRN at collapsed replication forks
Authors: Palermo Valentina , Rinalducci Sara , Sanchez Massimo , Grillini Francesca , Sommers Joshua A. , Brosh Robert M. , Zolla Lello , Franchitto Annapaola , Pichierri Pietro
Published: September 2016

Regulation of end-processing is critical for accurate repair and to switch between homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). End resection is a two-stage process but very little is known about regulation of the long-range resection, especially in humans. WRN participates in one of the two alternative long-range resection pathways mediated by DNA2 or EXO1. Here we demonstrate that phosphorylation of WRN by CDK1 is essential to perform DNA2-dependent end resection at replication-related DSBs, promoting HR, replication recovery and chromosome stability. Mechanistically, S1133 phosphorylation of WRN is dispensable for relocalization in foci but is involved in the interaction with the MRE11 complex. Loss of WRN phosphorylation negatively affects MRE11 foci formation and acts in a dominant negative manner to prevent long-range resection altogether, thereby licensing NHEJ at collapsed forks. Collectively, we unveil a CDK1-dependent regulation of the WRN-DNA2-mediated resection and identify an undescribed function of WRN as a DSB repair pathway switch.
Capture of associated targets on chromatin links long-distance chromatin looping to transcriptional coordination
Authors: Bourgo Ryan J. , Singhal Hari , Greene Geoffrey L.
Published: September 2016

Here we describe a sensitive and novel method of identifying endogenous DNA–DNA interactions. Capture of Associated Targets on CHromatin (CATCH) uses efficient capture and enrichment of specific genomic loci of interest through hybridization and subsequent purification via complementary biotinylated oligonucleotide. The CATCH assay requires no enzymatic digestion or ligation, requires little starting material, provides high-quality data, has excellent reproducibility and is completed in less than 24 h. Efficacy is demonstrated through capture of three disparate loci, which demonstrate unique subsets of long-distance chromatin interactions enriched for both enhancer marks and oestrogen receptor-binding sites. In each experiment, CATCH-seq peaks representing long-distance chromatin interactions were centred near the TSS of genes, and, critically, the genes identified as physically interacting are shown to be transcriptionally coexpressed. These interactions could potentially create transcriptional hubs for the regulation of gene expression programmes.
Genetic and environmental factors strongly influence risk, severity and progression of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Wang Wenqiu , Gawlik Katarzyna , Lopez Joe , Wen Cindy , Zhu Jie , Wu Frances , Shi William , Scheibler Samuel , Cai Huimin , Vairavan Ram , Shi Alexander , Haw Weldon , Ferreyra Henry , Zhang Ming , Chang Sherman , Zhang Kang
Published: September 2016

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Here we genotyped the selected 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 983 cases with advanced AMD and 271 cases with intermediate AMD and build an AMD life-risk score model for assessment of progression from intermediate to advanced AMD. We analyzed the performance of the prediction model for geographic atrophy progressors or choroidal neovascularization progressors versus non-progressors based on the 25 SNPs plus body mass index and smoking status. Our results suggest that a class prediction algorithm can be used for the risk assessment of progression from intermediate to late AMD stages. The algorithm could also be potentially applied for therapeutic response, and toward personalized care and precision medicine.
Modification of Susceptible and Toxic Herbs on Grassland Disease
Authors: Yao Xiang , Fan Yubing , Chai Qing , Johnson Richard D. , Nan Zhibiao , Li Chunjie
Published: September 2016

Recent research shows that continuous overgrazing not only causes grassland biodiversity to decline, but also causes light fungal disease. Achnatherum inebrians is susceptible to fungal diseases and increases in prevalence during over grazing due its toxicity to livestock. This study aimed to examine the effects of A. inebrians on biological control organisms and levels of plant diseases in overgrazed grasslands in northwestern China. The results showed that A. inebrians plants were seriously infected by fungal diseases and that this led to a high incidence of the mycoparasitic species Ampelomyces quisqualis and Sphaerellopsis filum. In addition, the fungivore, Aleocharinae, was found only in the soil growing A. inebrians rather than in the overgrazed area without A. inebrians. Overall, in an overgrazed grassland fenced for one year, disease levels in blocks without A. inebrians were significantly higher than those in blocks with A. inebrians. Our findings indicated that the disease susceptible, toxic A. inebrians can help control plant disease levels in overgrazed grasslands.
Comparison of research methods for functional characterization of insect olfactory receptors
Authors: Wang Bing , Liu Yang , He Kang , Wang Guirong
Published: September 2016

Insect olfactory receptors (ORs) in the peripheral olfactory system play an important role detecting elements of information from the environment. At present, various approaches are used for deorphanizing of ORs in insect. In this study, we compared methods for functional analysis of ORs in vitro and in vivo taking the candidate pheromone receptor OR13 of Helicoverpa assulta (HassOR13) as the object of our experiments. We found that the natural system was more sensitive than those utilizing transgenic Drosophila. The two-electrode voltage-clamp recording is more suitable for functional screening of large numbers of ORs, while the in vivo transgenic Drosophila system could prove more accurate to further validate the function of a specific OR. We also found that, among the different solvents used to dissolve pheromones and odorants, hexane offered good reproducibility and high sensitivity. Finally, the function of ORs was indirectly confirmed in transgenic Drosophila, showing that odor-activation of ORs-expressing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) can mediate behavioral choices. In summary, our results compare advantages and drawbacks of different approaches, thus helping in the choice of the method most suitable, in each specific situation, for deorphanizing insect ORs.
Mitigation of soil N2O emission by inoculation with a mixed culture of indigenous Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens
Authors: Akiyama Hiroko , Hoshino Yuko Takada , Itakura Manabu , Shimomura Yumi , Wang Yong , Yamamoto Akinori , Tago Kanako , Nakajima Yasuhiro , Minamisawa Kiwamu , Hayatsu Masahito
Published: September 2016

Agricultural soil is the largest source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas. Soybean is an important leguminous crop worldwide. Soybean hosts symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. In soybean ecosystems, N2O emissions often increase during decomposition of the root nodules. Our previous study showed that N2O reductase can be used to mitigate N2O emission from soybean fields during nodule decomposition by inoculation with nosZ++ strains [mutants with increased N2O reductase (N2OR) activity] of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. Here, we show that N2O emission can be reduced at the field scale by inoculation with a mixed culture of indigenous nosZ+ strains of B. diazoefficiens USDA110 group isolated from Japanese agricultural fields. Our results also suggested that nodule nitrogen is the main source of N2O production during nodule decomposition. Isolating nosZ+ strains from local soybean fields would be more applicable and feasible for many soybean-producing countries than generating mutants.
Integrated stress response of vertebrates is regulated by four eIF2α kinases
Authors: Taniuchi Shusuke , Miyake Masato , Tsugawa Kazue , Oyadomari Miho , Oyadomari Seiichi
Published: September 2016

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a cytoprotective pathway initiated upon phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) residue designated serine-51, which is critical for translational control in response to various stress conditions. Four eIF2α kinases, namely heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), protein kinase R (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, (PERK) and general control non-depressible 2 (GCN2), have been identified thus far, and they are known to be activated by heme depletion, viral infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and amino acid starvation, respectively. Because eIF2α is phosphorylated under various stress conditions, the existence of an additional eIF2α kinase has been suggested. To validate the existence of the unidentified eIF2α kinase, we constructed an eIF2α kinase quadruple knockout cells (4KO cells) in which the four known eIF2α kinase genes were deleted using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Phosphorylation of eIF2α was completely abolished in the 4KO cells by various stress stimulations. Our data suggests that the four known eIF2α kinases are sufficient for ISR and that there are no additional eIF2α kinases in vertebrates.
Erratum: Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of Semi-Quantitative Knee Ultrasound and Knee Radiography with MRI: Oulu Knee Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Podlipská Jana , Guermazi Ali , Lehenkari Petri , Niinimäki Jaakko , Roemer Frank W. , Arokoski Jari P. , Kaukinen Päivi , Liukkonen Esa , Lammentausta Eveliina , Nieminen Miika T. , Tervonen Osmo , Koski Juhani M. , Saarakkala Simo
Published: September 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 22365; published online: 01 March 2016; updated: 16 September 2016.
Genome-wide association analysis reveals variants on chromosome 19 that contribute to childhood risk of chronic otitis media with effusion
Authors: Einarsdottir Elisabet , Hafrén Lena , Leinonen Eira , Bhutta Mahmood F. , Kentala Erna , Kere Juha , Mattila Petri S.
Published: September 2016

To identify genetic risk factors of childhood otitis media (OM), a genome-wide association study was performed on Finnish subjects, 829 affected children, and 2118 randomly selected controls. The most significant and validated finding was an association with an 80 kb region on chromosome 19. It includes the variants rs16974263 (P = 1.77 × 10−7, OR = 1.59), rs268662 (P = 1.564 × 10−6, OR = 1.54), and rs4150992 (P = 3.37 × 10−6, OR = 1.52), and harbors the genes PLD3, SERTAD1, SERTAD3, HIPK4, PRX, and BLVRB, all in strong linkage disequilibrium. In a sub-phenotype analysis of the 512 patients with chronic otitis media with effusion, one marker reached genome-wide significance (rs16974263, P = 2.92 × 10−8). The association to this locus was confirmed but with an association signal in the opposite direction, in a UK family cohort of 4860 subjects (rs16974263, P = 3.21 × 10−4, OR = 0.72; rs4150992, P = 1.62 × 10−4, OR = 0.71). Thus we hypothesize that this region is important for COME risk in both the Finnish and UK populations, although the precise risk variants or haplotype background remain unclear. Our study suggests that the identified region on chromosome 19 includes a novel and previously uncharacterized risk locus for OM.
A diverse virome in kidney transplant patients contains multiple viral subtypes with distinct polymorphisms
Authors: Rani Asha , Ranjan Ravi , McGee Halvor S. , Metwally Ahmed , Hajjiri Zahraa , Brennan Daniel C. , Finn Patricia W. , Perkins David L.
Published: September 2016

Recent studies have established that the human urine contains a complex microbiome, including a virome about which little is known. Following immunosuppression in kidney transplant patients, BK polyomavirus (BKV) has been shown to induce nephropathy (BKVN), decreasing graft survival. In this study we investigated the urine virome profile of BKV+ and BKV− kidney transplant recipients. Virus-like particles were stained to confirm the presence of VLP in the urine samples. Metagenomic DNA was purified, and the virome profile was analyzed using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. While the BK virus was predominant in the BKV+ group, it was also found in the BKV− group patients. Additional viruses were also detected in all patients, notably including JC virus (JCV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) and interestingly, we detected multiple subtypes of the BKV, JCV and TTV. Analysis of the BKV subtypes showed that nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the VP1, VP2 and Large T Antigen proteins, suggesting potential functional effects for enhanced pathogenicity. Our results demonstrate a complex urinary virome in kidney transplant patients with multiple viruses with several distinct subtypes warranting further analysis of virus subtypes in immunosuppressed hosts.
Mechanisms Responsible for the Large Piezoelectricity at the Tetragonal-Orthorhombic Phase Boundary of (1-x)BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 System
Authors: Yang Tao , Ke Xiaoqin , Wang Yunzhi
Published: September 2016

Recently it was found that in the lead-free (1-x)BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (BZT-xBCT) system, the highest piezoelectric d33 coefficient appears at the tetragonal (T) – orthorhombic (O) phase boundary rather than the O – rhombohedral (R) phase boundary, but the physical origin of it is still unclear. In this work we construct the phase diagram of the BZT-xBCT system using a generic sixth-order Landau free energy polynomial and calculate the energy barrier (EB) for direct domain switching between two variants of the stable low-symmetry ferroelectric phase. We find that the EB at the T-O phase boundary is lower than that at the O-R phase boundary and EB may serve as a rigorous quantitative measure of the degree of polarization anisotropy through Landau potential. The calculations may shed some light on the physical origin of the highest piezoelectric coefficients as well as the softest elastic compliance at the T-O phase boundary observed in experiments.
Direct theoretical evidence for weaker correlations in electron-doped and Hg-based hole-doped cuprates
Authors: Jang Seung Woo , Sakakibara Hirofumi , Kino Hiori , Kotani Takao , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Han Myung Joon
Published: September 2016

Many important questions for high-Tc cuprates are closely related to the insulating nature of parent compounds. While there has been intensive discussion on this issue, all arguments rely strongly on, or are closely related to, the correlation strength of the materials. Clear understanding has been seriously hampered by the absence of a direct measure of this interaction, traditionally denoted by U. Here, we report a first-principles estimation of U for several different types of cuprates. The U values clearly increase as a function of the inverse bond distance between apical oxygen and copper. Our results show that the electron-doped cuprates are less correlated than their hole-doped counterparts, which supports the Slater picture rather than the Mott picture. Further, the U values significantly vary even among the hole-doped families. The correlation strengths of the Hg-cuprates are noticeably weaker than that of La2CuO4. Our results suggest that the strong correlation enough to induce Mott gap may not be a prerequisite for the high-Tc superconductivity.
An integrative and comparative study of pan-cancer transcriptomes reveals distinct cancer common and specific signatures
Authors: Cao Zhen , Zhang Shihua
Published: September 2016

To investigate the commonalities and specificities across tumor lineages, we perform a systematic pan-cancer transcriptomic study across 6744 specimens. We find six pan-cancer subnetwork signatures which relate to cell cycle, immune response,Sp1regulation, collagen, muscle system and angiogenesis. Moreover, four pan-cancer subnetwork signatures demonstrate strong prognostic potential. We also characterize 16 cancer type-specific subnetwork signatures which show diverse implications to somatic mutations, somatic copy number aberrations, DNA methylation alterations and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, some of them are strongly correlated with histological or molecular subtypes, indicating their implications with tumor heterogeneity. In summary, we systematically explore the pan-cancer common and cancer type-specific gene subnetwork signatures across multiple cancers, and reveal distinct commonalities and specificities among cancers at transcriptomic level.