bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KIC 7177553: A QUADRUPLE SYSTEM OF TWO CLOSE BINARIES
Authors: Lehmann H. , Borkovits T. , Rappaport S. A. , Ngo H. , Mawet D. , Csizmadia Sz. , Forgács-Dajka E.
Published: February 2016

KIC 7177553 was observed by the Kepler satellite to be an eclipsing eccentric binary star system with an 18-day orbital period. Recently, an eclipse timing study of the Kepler binaries has revealed eclipse timing variations (ETVs) in this object with an amplitude of ∼100 s and an outer period of 529 days. The implied mass of the third body is that of a super-Jupiter, but below the mass of a brown dwarf. We therefore embarked on a radial velocity (RV) study of this binary to determine its system configuration and to check the hypothesis that it hosts a giant planet. From the RV measurements, it became immediately obvious that the same Kepler target contains another eccentric binary, this one with a 16.5-day orbital period. Direct imaging using adaptive optics reveals that the two binaries are separated by 0.″4 (∼167 AU) and have nearly the same magnitude (to within 2%). The close angular proximity of the two binaries and very similar γ velocities strongly suggest that KIC 7177553 is one of the rare SB4 systems consisting of two eccentric binaries where at least one system is eclipsing. Both systems consist of slowly rotating, nonevolved, solar-like stars of comparable masses. From the orbital separation and the small difference in γ velocity, we infer that the period of the outer orbit most likely lies in the range of 1000–3000 yr. New images taken over the next few years, as well as the high-precision astrometry of the Gaia satellite mission, will allow us to set much narrower constraints on the system geometry. Finally, we note that the observed ETVs in the Kepler data cannot be produced by the second binary. Further spectroscopic observations on a longer timescale will be required to prove the existence of the massive planet.
YOUNG REMNANTS OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR PROGENITORS: A STUDY OF SNR G1.9+0.3
Authors: Chakraborti Sayan , Childs Francesca , Soderberg Alicia
Published: February 2016

SNe Ia, with their remarkably homogeneous light curves and spectra, have been used as standardizable candles to measure the accelerating expansion of the universe. Yet, their progenitors remain elusive. Common explanations invoke a degenerate star (white dwarf) that explodes upon almost reaching the Chandrasekhar limit, by either steadily accreting mass from a companion star or violently merging with another degenerate star. We show that circumstellar interaction in young Galactic supernova remnants can be used to distinguish between these single and double degenerate (DD) progenitor scenarios. Here we propose a new diagnostic, the surface brightness index, which can be computed from theory and compared with Chandra and Very Large Array (VLA) observations. We use this method to demonstrate that a DD progenitor can explain the decades-long flux rise and size increase of the youngest known galactic supernova remnant (SNR), G1.9+0.3. We disfavor a single degenerate scenario for SNR G1.9+0.3. We attribute the observed properties to the interaction between a steep ejecta profile and a constant density environment. We suggest using the upgraded VLA, ASKAP, and MeerKAT to detect circumstellar interaction in the remnants of historical SNe Ia in the Local Group of galaxies. This may settle the long-standing debate over their progenitors.
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF A CO ICE INDUCED BY SOFT X-RAYS
Authors: Ciaravella A. , Chen Y.-J. , Cecchi-Pestellini C. , Jiménez-Escobar A. , Muñoz Caro G. M. , Chuang K.-J. , Huang C.-H.
Published: February 2016

We irradiated a pure carbon monoxide ice with soft X-rays of energies up to 1.2 keV. The experiments were performed using the spherical grating monochromator beamline at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Taiwan, exploiting both monochromatic (at 0.3 and 0.55 keV) and broader energy (0.25–1.2 keV) fluxes. The infrared spectra of the irradiated ices showed the formation of a number of products such as polycarbon mono- and dioxides C
n
O
m
, and chains containing up to 10 carbon atoms. While a gentle increase in the energy absorbed by the ice sample is reflected by an increase in the column densities of newly born species, such correlation breaks down at very high fluxes. In this regime the production yield falls down sharply by about a factor of 100. The refractory residue obtained in the broad energy irradiation is a “compromise” between those obtained with proton irradiation of C3O2 and CO ices in previous experiments. Finally, we discuss the possible implications for space chemistry
MICROWAVE TYPE III PAIR BURSTS IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Tan Baolin , Mészárosová Hana , Karlický Marian , Huang Guangli , Tan Chengming
Published: February 2016

A solar microwave type III pair burst is composed of normal and reverse-sloped (RS) burst branches with oppositely fast frequency drifts. It is the most sensitive signature of the primary energy release and electron accelerations in flares. This work reports 11 microwave type III pair events in 9 flares observed by radio spectrometers in China and the Czech Republic at a frequency of 0.80–7.60 GHz during 1994–2014. These type III pairs occurred in flare impulsive and postflare phases with separate frequencies in the range of 1.08–3.42 GHz and a frequency gap of 10–1700 MHz. The frequency drift increases with the separate frequency (f

x
), the lifetime of each burst is anti-correlated to f

x
, while the frequency gap is independent of f

x
. In most events, the normal branches are drifting obviously faster than the RS branches. The type III pairs occurring in flare impulsive phase have lower separate frequencies, longer lifetimes, wider frequency gaps, and slower frequency drifts than that occurring in postflare phase. Also, the latter always has strong circular polarization. Further analysis indicates that near the flare energy release sites the plasma density is about

cm−3 and the temperature is higher than 107 K. These results provide new constraints to the acceleration mechanism in solar flares.
A NORMAL SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE IN NGC 1277
Authors: Graham Alister W. , Durré Mark , Savorgnan Giulia A. D. , Medling Anne M. , Batcheldor Dan , Scott Nicholas , Watson Beverly , Marconi Alessandro
Published: February 2016

The identification of galaxies with “overly massive” black holes requires two measurements: a black hole mass (M
bh) and a host spheroid mass (

). Here we provide our measurements for NGC 1277. Our structural decomposition reveals that NGC 1277 is dominated by a “classical” spheroid with a Sérsic index n = 5.3, a half-light radius

, and a stellar mass of

(using

, Martín-Navarro et al.). This mass is an order of magnitude greater than originally reported. Using the latest M
bh–n, M
bh–

, and M
bh–σ relations, the expected black hole mass is, respectively, (

, (

, and (

(using σ = 300 km s−1) for which the “sphere-of-influence” is 0.″31. Our new kinematical maps obtained from laser guide star assisted, adaptive optics on the Keck I Telescope dramatically reaffirm the presence of the inner, nearly edge-on, disk seen in the galaxy image. We also report that this produces a large velocity shear (∼400 km s−1) across the inner 0.″2 (70 pc) plus elevated values of

across the inner

region of the galaxy. Our new multi-Gaussian expansion (MGE) models and Jeans Anisotropic MGE analysis struggled to match this extended component. Our optimal black hole mass, albeit a probable upper limit because of the disk is 1.2 × 109 M
⊙ (

). This is an order of magnitude smaller than originally reported and 4 times smaller than recently reported. It gives an

ratio of 0.45% in agreement with the median (≈0.5%) and range (0.1%–5.0%) observed in non-dwarf, early-type galaxies. This result highlights the need for caution with inner disks.
Être parent en prison, une incarcération de la parentalité
Authors: Douris Marie
Published: February 2016

D’ordre public, la fonction parentale doit servir à promouvoir l’intérêt du mineur. Les parents, même incarcérés, ne peuvent pas déroger à leur autorité. Si, dans les dispositions légales, aucun texte ne prévoit ipso facto la modification de l’exercice de l’autorité parentale en raison de l’incarcération, dans les faits, la situation de détention d’un parent produit des effets sur la fonction parentale. À partir d’une recherche interdisciplinaire (droit et psychologie) menée en France dans trois établissements pénitentiaires, les données quantitatives et qualitatives issues de questionnaires et de focus-groups permettent à l’auteur d’étudier l’écart entre les principes communs issus des règles d’autorité parentale et la mise en œuvre pratique à travers le prisme de l’incarcération. Les résultats montrent que la détention peut conduire à des situations qui majoritairement affaiblissent l’effectivité de l’exercice des droits et devoirs parentaux.
Mise à l’épreuve d’un groupe d’expression pour enfants ayant un parent ou un proche incarcéré
Authors: Hirschelmann-Ambrosi Astrid , Winter Anne , Lemale Céline , Ventéjoux Aude , Bouchard Claude
Published: February 2016

Dans le contexte pénitentiaire actuel de la lutte contre la désocialisation, des associations offrent un soutien psychologique et social aux familles des prisonniers. La recherche-action « Regards d’enfants sur l’incarcération » dont rend compte cet article, menée en collaboration avec deux de ces associations, consiste à créer des groupes de soutien pour les enfants qui ont un parent ou un proche en prison. L’objectif de cette recherche-action est d’évaluer les conditions, moyens et outils qui permettraient d’offrir une possibilité d’échange aux enfants pour leur rendre possible de partager leurs expériences et d’exprimer ce qui ne peut être dit à des parents, des proches et à leur environnement social (amis, école, voisins...). Les résultats confirment le besoin manifeste de renforcer les pratiques professionnelles autour des familles, et notamment des enfants, grands absents dans nos dispositifs d’accompagnement français.
Intime conviction, conflit psychique et liens intersubjectifs dans la famille
Authors: Grihom Marie-José , Ducousso-Lacaze Alain , Leturmy Laurence
Published: February 2016

Les auteurs cherchent à rendre compte d’un résultat particulier obtenu dans le cadre d’une recherche sur l’implication subjective des magistrats dans la construction de leur intime conviction. Comment comprendre la relation entre l’intime conviction de culpabilité et la prise en compte des liens familiaux et intersubjectifs ? La méthode de recherche est centrée sur l’étude de la narrativité. La situation judiciaire proposée aux magistrats est une plainte pour inceste. L’intime conviction abordée dans ses fondements juridiques est envisagée du point de vue du travail psychique qu’elle est susceptible de mobiliser. L’analyse des identités narratives permet de distinguer trois rapports au « conflit psychique induit ». Les magistrats qui prennent en compte les liens intersubjectifs seraient ceux qui appliquent le travail du doute d’une part, qui cherchent à penser la subjectivité de l’auteur et la relation entre cet homme et sa fille d’autre part.
Les aléas du désir à la ménopause ou les « névroses de ménage »
Authors: Cloës Claude
Published: February 2016

Ce travail traite des effets psychiques de la ménopause chez certaines femmes. L’auteur stipule que, bien qu’il engage principalement le corps, ce phénomène constitue une période propice à l’éclosion de diverses formes d’expression psychopathologique. Le sujet, abordé à partir d’une réflexion théorique soutenue par deux vignettes cliniques, a pour ambition de faire saisir que l’entrée de certaines femmes dans la ménopause peut induire un effondrement dépressif sous-tendu par une plainte singulière, celle de « ne plus pouvoir faire le ménage comme avant ». Cette plainte renverrait ces femmes à la question du désir dans leur ménage, entendons « dans leur couple », et interrogerait les figures du narcissisme, du maternel, du féminin, etc. Ainsi, la ménopause dévoile les enjeux inconscients à l’œuvre dans la relation conjugale qui nécessitent d’être élaborés dans le transfert afin d’être sublimés.
Treatment Approaches to Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Moukaddam Nidal , Bejjani Carla , Shah Asim A.
Published: February 2016

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) represent a growing epidemic in the modern world, concomitant with increasing life expectancy. NCDs represent the newer term replacing dementia. A major NCD is the equivalent of dementia, whereas a mild NCD is a new addition to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, fifth edition (
DSM-5
). The approach to diagnosing NCDs should include a thorough medical examination targeting potentially reversible causes of impairment, as well as screening for cognitive impairment in the outpatient setting, with focus on memory and functional decline. NCDs tend to have comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms that include depression, anxiety, psychosis, sleep disturbances, and apathy, which may reduce quality of life and accelerate out-of-home care. The provider needs to be aware of these potential comorbidities, and of the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(2):103–109.]
Influence des postures épistémologiques sur l’action professorale : les phases de la Lune au cycle 3
Authors: Boivin-Delpieu Géraldine , Bécu-Robinault Karine
Published: February 2016

Depuis 2000, la France préconise une approche basée sur des méthodes d’enquête. Elles ont été proposées dans les programmes officiels de l’école primaire, afin de tenir compte des approches et des hypothèses scientifiques concernant l’apprentissage des sciences. Cette recherche en cours vise à identifier les déterminants de l’action professorale dans le contexte des démarches d’investigation et plus particulièrement à étudier l’influence des postures épistémologiques. Il s’agit de deux études de cas  concernant des séquences sur les phases de la Lune au cycle 3. Nous mettons en évidence certains déterminants des choix opérés lors de l’élaboration et de la mise en œuvre de cette démarche. Nous montrons en quoi les instructions officielles guident les choix didactiques des enseignants mais aussi comment leurs décisions dépendent de facteurs dont les fondements sont d’ordre épistémologique.
Rapports aux savoirs des sciences de la vie et de la Terre d’élèves de seconde générale
Authors: Cappiello Pascale , Venturini Patrice
Published: February 2016

Cet article a pour but de présenter les rapports aux savoirs des sciences de la vie et de la Terre (SVT) d’élèves de seconde générale. Il fait suite à un premier travail qui avait permis de caractériser les rapports aux savoirs des SVT des élèves les plus mobilisés par la discipline. Nous rappelons dans un premier temps le contexte de la recherche puis nous décrivons la méthodologie basée sur le traitement des réponses à des bilans de savoirs et lors d’entretiens individuels. L’analyse des résultats nous a permis de confirmer les premiers résultats obtenus et de caractériser cinq rapports aux savoirs des SVT en lien avec des degrés de mobilisation différents vis-à-vis de cette discipline.
Media Events, Jewish Religious Holydays, and the Israeli Press
Authors: Cohen Yoel
Published: February 2016

Religious holydays are a key element in the Jewish religious experience. While the synagogue fulfils an important role for the Jewish religious communities the majority of the Israeli population comprise either traditional (35%) or secular (30%) Jews who draw their religious identity from the wider environment like media. The media fulfil a role in the contemporary world of generating religious identity when formal frameworks like synagogue attendance are declining. One under researched question of importance is the role of the media in religious holydays. It is argued that religious holyday editorial matter contributes to religious identity in the contemporary era. This chapter focuses upon editorial content and religious holydays. The research discovered differences in editorial patterns between the different religious holydays, and between the secular and religious media. There was no major difference in the share of religious holyday advertising between the religious press and the secular press. The wide gap between the Jewish festival annual lifecycle as reflected in editorial patterns contrasts with the traditional status which the respective holyday holds in Jewish religious culture.
Differential T Cell Cytokine Receptivity and Not Signal Quality Distinguishes IL-6 and IL-10 Signaling during Th17 Differentiation
Authors: Jones Lindsay L. , Alli Rajshekhar , Li Bofeng , Geiger Terrence L.
Published: February 2016

How a large number of cytokines differentially signal through a small number of signal transduction pathways is not well resolved. This is particularly true for IL-6 and IL-10, which act primarily through STAT3 yet induce dissimilar transcriptional programs leading alternatively to pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Kinetic differences in signaling, sustained to IL-10 and transient to IL-6, are critical to this in macrophages. T cells are also key targets of IL-6 and IL-10, yet how differential signaling in these cells leads to divergent cellular fates is unclear. We show that, unlike for macrophages, signal duration cannot explain the distinct effects of these cytokines in T cells. Rather, naive, activated, activated-rested, and memory CD4+ T cells differentially express IL-6 and IL-10 receptors in an activation state–dependent manner, and this impacts downstream cytokine effects. We show a dominant role for STAT3 in IL-6–mediated Th17 subset maturation. IL-10 cannot support Th17 differentiation because of insufficient cytokine receptivity rather than signal quality. Enforced expression of IL-10Rα on naive T cells permits an IL-10–generated STAT3 signal equivalent to that of IL-6 and equally capable of promoting Th17 formation. Similarly, naive T cell IL-10Rα expression also allows IL-10 to mimic the effects of IL-6 on both Th1/Th2 skewing and Tfh cell differentiation. Our results demonstrate a key role for the regulation of receptor expression rather than signal quality or duration in differentiating the functional outcomes of IL-6 and IL-10 signaling, and identify distinct signaling properties of these cytokines in T cells compared with myeloid cells.
CD4 T Cell Help via B Cells Is Required for Lymphopenia-Induced CD8 T Cell Proliferation
Authors: Ayasoufi Katayoun , Fan Ran , Fairchild Robert L. , Valujskikh Anna
Published: February 2016

Ab-mediated lymphoablation is commonly used in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, these strategies fail to control pathogenic memory T cells efficiently and to improve long-term transplant outcomes significantly. Understanding the mechanisms of T cell reconstitution is critical for enhancing the efficacy of Ab-mediated depletion in sensitized recipients. Using a murine analog of anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG) in a mouse model of cardiac transplantation, we previously showed that peritransplant lymphocyte depletion induces rapid memory T cell proliferation and only modestly prolongs allograft survival. We now report that T cell repertoire following depletion is dominated by memory CD4 T cells. Additional depletion of these residual CD4 T cells severely impairs the recovery of memory CD8 T cells after mATG treatment. The CD4 T cell help during CD8 T cell recovery depends on the presence of B cells expressing CD40 and intact CD40/CD154 interactions. The requirement for CD4 T cell help is not limited to the use of mATG in heart allograft recipients, and it is observed in nontransplanted mice and after CD8 T cell depletion with mAb instead of mATG. Most importantly, limiting helper signals increases the efficacy of mATG in controlling memory T cell expansion and significantly extends heart allograft survival in sensitized recipients. Our findings uncover the novel role for helper memory CD4 T cells during homeostatic CD8 T cell proliferation and open new avenues for optimizing lymphoablative therapies in allosensitized patients.
Assessing the spatial accessibility of hospital care in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Pan Jay , Liu Huiran , Wang Xiuli , Xie Hongmei , Delamater Paul L.
Published: February 2016

Regional disparities in geographical access to hospital care are found throughout China. Understanding variations in the spatial accessibility of hospital care has the potential to provide decision support in healthcare planning. This study examines the hospital system in the Sichuan Province in China, which provides healthcare for more than 80 million people. We examine the impacts of accessibility characterisation via the conventional measurement approach by comparing the results to those derived using a floating catchment area approach. Employing a geographical information system based on population and hospital administrative data, we conducted a provincewide study of the spatial accessibility of hospital care in Sichuan Province, China. A shortest-path analysis and the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method were implemented. Substantial differences between these two approaches were found, including a roughly 15% difference in the total number of under-served areas. Generally, spatial accessibility was higher in the eastern regions of Sichuan. More than 5.5 million people were found to have limited access, with large variations across the province. These results indicate that the official method used by policy makers in China may not capture the true nature of spatial accessibility throughout the region. We recommend that the E2SFCA method be implemented for health services research in China, providing decision makers with more accurate information when setting healthcare policies.
Use of an ecologically relevant modelling approach to improve remote sensing-based schistosomiasis risk profiling
Authors: Walz Yvonne , Wegmann Martin , Leutner Benjamin , Dech Stefan , Vounatsou Penelope , N'Goran Eliézer K. , Raso Giovanna , Utzinger Jürg
Published: February 2016

Schistosomiasis is a widespread water-based disease that puts close to 800 million people at risk of infection with more than 250 million infected, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. Transmission is governed by the spatial distribution of specific freshwater snails that act as intermediate hosts and the frequency, duration and extent of human bodies exposed to infested water sources during human water contact. Remote sensing data have been utilized for spatially explicit risk profiling of schistosomiasis. Since schistosomiasis risk profiling based on remote sensing data inherits a conceptual drawback if school-based disease prevalence data are directly related to the remote sensing measurements extracted at the location of the school, because the disease transmission usually does not exactly occur at the school, we took the local environment around the schools into account by explicitly linking ecologically relevant environmental information of potential disease transmission sites to survey measurements of disease prevalence. Our models were validated at two sites with different landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire using high- and moderateresolution remote sensing data based on random forest and partial least squares regression. We found that the ecologically relevant modelling approach explained up to 70% of the variation in Schistosoma infection prevalence and performed better compared to a purely pixelbased modelling approach. Furthermore, our study showed that model performance increased as a function of enlarging the school catchment area, confirming the hypothesis that suitable environments for schistosomiasis transmission rarely occur at the location of survey measurements.
A Simple Model to Study Tau Pathology
Authors: Houck Alexander L. , Hernández Félix , Ávila Jesús
Published: February 2016

Tau proteins play a role in the stabilization of microtubules, but in pathological conditions, tauopathies, tau is modified by phosphorylation and can aggregate into aberrant aggregates. These aggregates could be toxic to cells, and different cell models have been used to test for compounds that might prevent these tau modifications. Here, we have used a cell model involving the overexpression of human tau in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing tau in a stable manner, we have been able to replicate the phosphorylation of intracellular tau. This intracellular tau increases its own level of phosphorylation and aggregates, likely due to the regulatory effect of some growth factors on specific tau kinases such as GSK3. In these conditions, a change in secreted tau was observed. Reversal of phosphorylation and aggregation of tau was found by the use of lithium, a GSK3 inhibitor. Thus, we propose this as a simple cell model to study tau pathology in nonneuronal cells due to their viability and ease to work with.
Experimental practice using 3D scanning for understanding the structure of a stone chamber from the Kofun period, Japan – A case study of the Shobuzako Kofun, Okayama prefecture –
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuji , Matsugi Takehiko
Published: February 2016

The Shobuzako Kofun, located in Okayama prefecture (western Japan), is a key-hole tomb set on a low rolling hill dating to the 5th century AD. Its stone chamber and burial goods are in very good condition because the stone chamber has not been looted.

In this presentation, we will indicate a case study of the experimental use of 3D measuring techniques for recording and understanding the structure of a stone chamber, as well as the layout of burial goods’ layers in the Shobuzako Kofun. We will show some of the benefits and problems of 3D measuring techniques, and the basic remarks for using this method.
A juridificação de conflitos políticos no direito internacional público contemporâneo: uma leitura política da paz pelo direito de Hans Kelsen a partir do pensamento político de Claude Lefort
Authors: Capella Giannattasio Arthur Roberto
Published: February 2016

A partir da proposição de um debate interdisciplinar entre o pensamento jurídico de Hans KELSEN e o pensamento político de Claude LEFORT, este texto constrói uma interpretação política da proposta kelseniana em torno das discussões do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial sobre a Paz nas relações internacionais.

Inserto no debate jurídico-político do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial acerca de uma nova estrutura institucional para o Direito Internacional Público, o Projeto da Paz pelo Direito de Hans KELSEN pode ser compreendido politicamente pois (i) utiliza uma técnica jurídica de produção da Política – esvaziamento normativo do Direito, e (ii) se trata de uma opção consciente por um modelo jurídico-político de direitificação de conflitos distinto do modelo estatal – rejeição do Federalismo Mundial.

Hans KELSEN percebera a suposta fragilidade do Direito Internacional Público e a revelara como sua virtude: garantir relações internacionais não-armadas, não mediante o uso da força centralizada por uma única autoridade, mas por um experimentalismo contínuo de sua arquitetura institucional para reconstituir arranjos jurídicos sensíveis à importância da manutenção e do estímulo reiterado das liberdades política, jurídica, econômica e cultural de cada povo.
A influência do direito desportivo transnacional no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: da reprodução de normas à aplicação direta pela jurisdição estatal
Authors: Faria Tiago Silveira de
Published: February 2016

O artigo pretende analisar a influência do Direito Desportivo transnacional no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, seja a partir da reprodução de normas transnacionais oriundas das federações esportivas internacionais, por meio do processo legislativo convencional, seja através da aplicação direta do Direito Desportivo estrangeiro pela jurisdição estatal, este caso mais complexo e envolvendo uma necessária exposição do pluralismo jurídico, da fragmentação do Direito e da hetero-regulação normativa que permeia o âmbito jurídico-desportivo. Posteriormente, ao se estudar a peculiar regra de conexão prevista na legislação desportiva estatal, abordar-se-á os elementos, os limites e os eventuais obstáculos para a aplicação do Direito Desportivo estrangeiro em território pátrio, assim como os possíveis critérios para solução de conflitos normativos, encerrando-se com um estudo de casos.
A responsabilidade internacional do Brasil em face do controle de convencionalidade em sede de direitos humanos: conflito de interpretação entre a jurisdição da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e o Supremo Tribunal Federal quanto a Lei de anistia.
Authors: Volpini Silva Carla Ribeiro , Wanderley Junior Bruno
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o conflito entre a jurisdição da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e o Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro acerca da Lei de Anistia, através de um breve relato da conjuntura histórica no momento de criação da Lei da Anistia; da sentença da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no caso Gomes Lund e outros; e da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal no sentido da constitucionalidade da lei de anistia. Analisou-se também, o controle de convencionalidade das leis, para, ao final, concluir que a ações nas esferas internacional e nacional devem ser coordenadas, para a aplicação dos direitos humanos, evitando conflitos de interpretação e proporcionando uma resposta coerente e efetiva para as pessoas vitimadas por violações desses direitos, principalmente quando esse fato foi fruto da ação direta de agentes do próprio Estado.
Crônicas da atualidade do Direito Internacional
Authors: Dayanna Lacerda Martins Lima Sarah , Costa de Oliveira Carina , Braga Erika
Published: February 2016

Crônicas da atualidade do Direito Internacional
Revista de Direito Internacional, v. 12, n. 2 (edição completa)
Authors: Varella Marcelo D. , Monebhurrun Nitish
Published: February 2016

Revista de Direito Internacional, v. 12, n. 2 (edição completa)
Maurycy Pius Rudzki and the birth of geophysics
Authors: Jackowski Antoni , Krzemień Kazimierz
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The article describes briefly the life and fundamental work of Rudzki in geology, geography, seismology, oceanography and meteorology. In 1895 he became head of the world's first department of geophysics and meteorology at the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, the second oldest university north of the Alps (Prague being the oldest).
Southern Africa Litigation Centre v. Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development (N. Gauteng High Ct., Pretoria)
Authors: Dugard John
Published: February 2016

In June 2015, President Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir of Sudan attended a meeting of the African Union (AU) in Johannesburg, South Africa, despite the fact that a warrant had been issued for his arrest by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for the commission of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide in the Darfur region. Although South Africa, a party to the ICC, was obliged to arrest Al Bashir and surrender him to the ICC under the terms of the Rome Statute of the ICC, the South African government made no attempt to apprehend him. On the application of a South African public interest law firm, the North Gauteng High Court ordered that the government was required by law to arrest and detain Al Bashir. Al Bashir was, however, allowed to leave South Africa.
Behavioural Notions for Elementary Net Systems
Authors: Nielsen Mogens , Rozenberg Grzegorz , Thiagarajan P. S.
Published: February 2016

We study the relationships between a number of behavioural notions that have arisen in the theory of distributed computing. In order to sharpen the understanding of these relationships we apply the chosen behavioural notions to a basic net-theoretic model of distributed systems called elementary net systems. The behavioural notions that are considered here are trace languages, non-sequential processes, unfoldings and event structures.
The relationships between these notions are brought out in the process of establishing that for each elementary net system, the trace language representation of its behaviour agrees in a strong way with the event structure representation of its behaviour.
Hypermedia: Support for a more natural information organization
Authors: Bannon Liam J. , Grønbæk Kaj
Published: February 2016

This paper gives an introduction and an overview of an emerging technology denoted Hypermedia. The technical capabilities of current systems are briefly described along with examples of usage. Based on our own experiences with Hypermedia systems we give a more detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for: authoring, organization and presentation of information, and sharing of information in a community. Finally some obstacles to the success of Hypermedia applications are discussed.
CSCW - Four Characters in Search of a Context
Authors: Bannon Liam J. , Schmidt Kjeld
Published: February 2016

The title of this paper was chosen to highlight the fact that the label CSCW, although widely adopted as the acronym for the field of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, has been applied to computer applications of very different ilk. It is not at all clear what are the unique identifying elements of this research area. This paper provides a framework for approaching the issue of cooperative work and its possible computer support. The core issues are identified and prospects for the field are outlined.
A Compositional Proof System on a Category of Labelled Transition Systems
Authors: Winskel Glynn
Published: February 2016

This paper presents an attempt to cast labelled transition systems, and other models of parallel computation, in a category-theoretic framework. One aim is to use category theory to provide abstract characterisations of constructions like parallel composition valid throughout a range of different models and to provide formal means for translating between different models. Another aim is to exploit the framework of categorical logic to systematise specification languages and the derivation of proof systems for parallel processes. After presenting a category of labelled transition systems, its categorical constructions are used to establish a compositional proof system. A category of properties of transition systems indexed by the category of labelled transition systems is used in forrning the proof system.
Logics of Domains
Authors: Zhang Guo Qiang
Published: February 2016

This dissertation studies the logical aspects of domains as used in the denotational semantics of programming languages. Frameworks of domain logics are introduced which serve as basic tools for the systematic derivation of proof systems from the denotational semantics of programming languages. The proof systems so derived are guaranteed to agree with the denotational semantics in the sense that the denotation of any program coincides with the set of assertations true of it.

The study focuses on two frameworks for denotational semantics: the sep domains, and the less standard, but important, category of dI-domains with stable functions
Type Inference with Inequalities
Authors: Schwartzbach Michael I.
Published: February 2016

Type inference can be phrased as constraint-solving over types. We consider an implicitly typed language equipped with recursive types, multiple inheritance, 1st order parametric polymorphism, and assignments. Type correctness is expressed as satisfiability of a possibly infinite collection of (monotonic) inequalities on the types of variables and expressions. A general result about systems of inequalities over semilattices yields a solvable form. We distinguish between deciding typability (the existence of solutions) and type inference (the computation of a minimal solution). In our case, both can be solved by means of nondeterministic finite automata; unusually, the two problems have different complexities: polynomial vs. exponential time.
An Overview of the Mjølner BETA System
Authors: Bak Lars , Nørgaard Claus , Knudsen Jørgen Lindskov , Madsen Ole Lehrmann
Published: February 2016

The Mjølner BETA System is an integrated and interactive programming environment with support for industrial object oriented programming. The Mjølner BETA System is a result of the Scandinavian research project Mjølner. The integration of the various tools in the Mjølner BETA System is established by insisting that all tools in the system utilizes on single representation of the program. This representation is abstract syntax trees (ASTs). All manipulations of the ASTs by the various tools are done utilizing the metaprogramming system which defines an interface to the AST and ways to manipulate the AST.
Real-Time Action
Authors: Krishnan Padmanabhan
Published: February 2016

The behaviour of a real-time system depends on the scheduler used. The order in which tasks are executed depends on its characteristics such as ready time, deadline etc. We describe a language in which the readiness and deadlines can be specified. A scheduling policy using the task characteristics can be defined. To study the effect of schedulers on a system a notation should allow for the specification of time, processes and scheduling. In this paper we show the applicability of the Action Notation for specifying real-time behaviour.
An Introduction to Action Semantics
Authors: Mosses Peter D.
Published: February 2016

Formal semantics is a topic of major importance in the study of programming languages. Its applications include documenting language design, establishing standards for implementations, reasoning about programs, and generating compilers.

 

These notes introduce action semantics, a recently-developed framework for formal semantics. The primary aim of action semantics is to allow useful semantic descriptions of realistic programming languages.
An Automatically Generated and Provably Correct Compiler for a Subset of Ada
Authors: Palsberg Jens
Published: February 2016

We describe the automatic generation of a provably correct compiler for a non-trivial subset of Ada. The compiler is generated from an action semantic description; it emits absolute code for an abstract RISC machine language that currently is assembled into code for the SPARC and the HP Precision Architecture. The generated code is an order of magnitude better than what is produced by compilers generated by the classical systems of Mosses, Paulson, and Wand. The use of action semantics makes the processable language specification easy to read and pleasant to work with.
A General Software Architecture for Information Systems
Authors: Thomsen Kristine Stougård
Published: February 2016

A general software architecture for large and medium size information systems is presented. The architecture is a multi-level client-server architecture, where all dependencies on hardware and software platform are encapsulated into modules. The architecture provides a skeleton around which to grow an information system and is independent of the actual data model, functionality and user interface of the system. It supports division of labour during development, and it supports maintenance and portability of the resulting system. In all these respects, the architecture is superiar to the architecture obtained when using fourth generation languages.

The architecture has been successfully used in several large projects during the last 6 years and practical experience shows that it provides a reusable starting point for future development projects.
A Variable Projection Method for Solving Separable Nonlinear Least Squares Problems
Authors: Kaufman Linda
Published: February 2016

Consider the separable nonlinear least squares problem of finding ~a in R^n and ~alpha in R^k which, for given data (y_i, t_i) i=1,...,m and functions varphi_j(~alpha,t) j=1,2,...n (m>n), minimize the functional

r(~a,~alpha) = ||~y - Phi(~alpha)~a||_(2)^(2)

where Phi(~alpha)_(i,j) = varphi_(j)(~alpha,t_j). This problem can be reduced to a nonlinear least squares problem involving $\mathovd{\mathop{\alpha}\limits_{\textstyle\tilde{}}}$ only and a linear least squares problem involving ~a only. the reduction is based on the results of Colub and Pereyra, SIAM J. Numerical Analysis, April 1973, and on the trapezoidal decomposition of Phi, in which an orthogonal matrix Q and a permutation matrix P are found such that

\begin{displaymath} Q Phi R = R & S 0 & 0 \end{array}\right) \begin{array}{l} \rbrace\, r \\ \mbox{} \end{array} \end{displaymath}

where R is nonsingular and upper trianular. To develop an algorithm to solve the nonlinear least squares probelm a formula is proposed for the Frechet derivation D(Phi_(2) (~alpha)) where Q i partioned into
An Integrated Approach to the Design of Fault Tolerant Computing Systems
Authors: Caillouet L. Phillip , Shriver Bruce D.
Published: February 2016

This paper offers an introduction to a research effort in fault tolerant computer architecture which has been organized at the University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL). It is intended as an overview of several topics which have been isolated for study, and as an indication of preliminary undertakings with regards to one particular topic. This first area of concentration lnvolves the systematic design of fault tolerant computing systems via a multi-level approach. Efforts are being initiated also in the areas of diagnosis of microprogrammable processors via firmware, fault data management across levels of virtual machines, development of a methodology for realizing a firmware hardcore on a variety of hosts, and delineation of a minimal set of resources for the design of a practical host for a multi-level fault tolerant computing system. The research is being conducted under the auspices of Project Beta at USL.
The Mathematical Theory of L Systems
Authors: Rozenberg Grzegorz , Salomaa Arto
Published: February 2016

The paper gives a survey of the different areas of the theory of developmental systems and languages. It is organized in such a way that it discusses typical results obtained in each particular problem area. The results quoted may not always be the most important ones but they are quite representative for the direction of research in this theory. Proofs are not given and, consequently, the basic techniques for solving problems in this theory are not discussed. An attempt has been made to cover also the most recent results. Most of the results have not yet appeared in print.

To appear in J. Tou (ed. ), Advances in Information Systems Science, Plenum Press.
An overview of the MATHILDA system
Authors: Kornerup Peter , Shriver Bruce D.
Published: February 2016

A dynamically microprogrammable processor called MATHILDA is described. MATHILDA has been designed to be used as a tool in emulator and processor design research. It has a very general microinstruction sequencing scheme, sophisticated masking and shifting capability, high speed local storage, a 64-bit wide main data path, a horizontalty encoded microinstruction, and other facilities which make it reasonably well suited for this purpose. This paper presents an overview of the MATHILDA system.
Decomposition Theorems for Various Kinds of Languages, Parallel in Nature.
Authors: Skyum Sven
Published: February 2016

In this paper we examine the ability of different systems to generate languages in which the words of the language are composed of words from languages belonging to other families.

On this basis we are able to give examples of languages not belonging to a certain family by giving examples of languages not belonging to some smalIer famiIy.

To appear in SIAM J on Computing.
A Relationship between ETOL and EDTOL Languages
Authors: Ehrenfeucht A. , Rozenberg Grzegorz , Skyum Sven
Published: February 2016

This paper provides a method of ''decomposing'' a subclass of ETOL languages into deterministic ETOL languages. This allows one to use every known example of a language which is not a deterministic ETOL language to produce languages which are not ETOL languages.

To appear in Theoretical Computer Science.
Programmeringsundervisning og Systembeskrive
Authors: Mathiassen Lars
Published: February 2016

Different requirements are imposed upon the planning and teaching of a programming course. These requirements are primarily derived from the connection between production, qualification and education. Secondly, they are derived from the educational context of the programming course and from the knowledge and methods that have been developed in different areas of computer science.

In the paper these requirements are discussed, and it is argued that they can be met in the planning and teaching of a programming course, when using system description as a starting point. Finally it is shown by an example how such a course can be arranged.
Complexity of some Problems Concerning L Systems. (Preliminary report)
Authors: Jones Neil D.
Published: February 2016

We study the computational complexity of some decidable systems. The problems are membership. emptiness and finiteness; the L systems are the ED0L, E0L, EDT0L and ET0L systems. For each problem and type of system we state both upper and lower bounds on the time or memory required for solution by Turing machines. Two following papers (PB-69 and PB70) will contain detailed constructions and proofs for the upper and lower bounds.
A Note on Linear Time Simulation of Deterministic Two-Way Pushdown Automata
Authors: Jones Neil D.
Published: February 2016

Cook has shown that any deterministic two-way pushdown automaton could be simulated by a uniform-cost random access machine in time O(n) for inputs of length n. The result was of interest because such a machine is a natural model for a variety of backtracking algorithms, particularly as used in pattern matching problems. The linear time result was surprising because of the fact that such machines may run as many as 2n steps before halting; similar problems with 'combinatorial explosions' are well known to occur in applications of backtracking. Cook's result inspired the development of a number of efficient pattern matching algorithms.

However, it is impractical to use Cook's algorithm directly to do pattern matching, since it involves a large constant time factor and much storage. The purpose of this note is to present an alternate, simpler simulation algorithm which involves consideration only of the configurations actually reached by the automaton. It can be expected to run faster and use less storage (depending on the data structures used), thus bringing Cook's result a step closer to practical utility.
Attribute Grammars and Mathematical Semantics
Authors: Mayoh Brian H.
Published: February 2016

Attribute grammars and mathematical semantics are rival language definition methods. We show that any attribute grammar G has a reformulation MS(G) within mathematical semantics. Most attribute grammars have properties that discipline the sets of equations the grammar gives to derivation trees. We list six such properties, and show that for a grammar G with one of these properties both MS(G) and the compiler for G can be simplified. Because these compiler-friendly properties are of independent interest, the paper is written in such a way that the first and last sections do not depend on the other sections.
BETA language Proposal as of April 1979
Authors: Kristensen Bent Bruun , Madsen Ole Lehrmann , Møller-Pedersen Birger , Nygaard Kristen
Published: February 2016

The report contains a proposal for the definition of the BETA programming language. Description of additional concepts to be included (contexts, descriptors, layers) and possible alternatives to the proposal are given.

BETA is a general block-structured language in the style of Algol, Simula, and Pascal. It is intended to be used for programming computer systems, and for defining and implementing application oriented languages.

BETA is closer to Simula than to Algol and Pascal. Procedure, function, type and class declarations have been unified into one declaration called a pattern. Objects may execute their actions independently (possibly in concurrency) and communication between them must be synchronized in a manner similar to Hoare's Communicating Sequential Processes. The notions of static subroutine, variable and constant have been unified into one concept. In contrast to Simula, BETA has possibilities for a completely static storage layout.