bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Pidana Studi Kasus Putusan No. 28/Pdt.G/2024/PN Tmg & 113/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Tmg
Authors: Yuflikhati Nur , Rindiyani  , Zaki Aulia , Susilowati Neni , Fahrezy Anggita
Published: January 2025

Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia dibedakan secara konteks Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Perdata. Istilah Perbuatan Melawan Hukum yang dalam bahasa Belanda menggunakan istilah “Onrechtmatige Daad” dan “Wederrechtelijk”. Namun pada intinya, istilah ini mengacu pada tindakan atau perbuatan yang sifatnya hukum yang dilakukan oleh subjek hukum sehingga tindakan tersebut memiliki konsekuensi hukumnya masing-masing baik secara konteks pidana maupun perdata. Penelitian dilakukan dengan studi kasus putusan pengadilan no 28/Pdt.G/2024/PN Tmg dan 113/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Tmg. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami dan membedakan apa saja unsur-unsur yang harus terpenuhi sehingga suatu perbuatan dapat dikatakan sebagai Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam perspektif Hukum Perdata dan hukum Pidana. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Yuridis Normatif. Sehingga dihasilkan Kesimpulan bahwa PMH dalam konteks perdata harus memenuhi 4 unsur dalam pasal 1365 BW. Sedangkan dalam konteks Hukum Pidana secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai perbuatan yang sifatnya melawan hukum. Dalam artian perbuatan yang melawan hukum tersebut tidak akan hapus dengan perbuatan lain semacam pemberian kompensasi.
Designing the process of random selection of citizens' assemblies
Authors: Gerwin Marcin , Szuca  , Mroek Nikodem , Kuriata Grzegorz , Pospieszna Paulina , Geisler Andalexander M.
Published: January 2025

The principle behind organizing citizens' assemblies is that their members are selected at random (Curato et al., 2021; Setälä and Smith, 2018; Warren and Pearse, 2008). Random selection is conducted in such a way that the composition of an assembly reflects selected demographic,
social, or economic criteria in the same proportions as in the society as a whole (Fishkin, 2009). Inclusion of demographic criteria in the composition of the group creates a challenge with regards to how to draw assembly members in accordance with democratic principles (Flanigan et al., 2021;
Smith, 2012). We propose that the priority for random selection should be given to accuracy in terms of how precisely the demographic criteria are reflected in the composition of the group. The method we have developed to achieve this is based on the algorithm of simulated annealing. Our findings
demonstrate that simulated annealing yields positive results concerning the Closeness Index associated with accuracy. Additionally, this method creates a large number of unique panels, offering in this way a variety of possibilities for the volunteers to be selected to an assembly. A welldesigned
method for random selection improves the legitimacy of the citizens' assembly process, and thus of deliberative democracy.
A Portfolio Study Based on the Markowitz Model - An Example of the Bitcoin Market
Authors: Zhang Xiao
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, financial markets are becoming more and more complex, and new portfolios need to be built to cope with them. This paper aims to build a Markowitz model for portfolio research based on new calibrations for nine different industries. Firstly, the weights and minimum variance combinations are calculated by using valid information such as mean, standard deviation, variance, and covariance. Second, this paper aims to maximize the return of the portfolio, diversify the investment risk of the selected portfolio, and finally determine the optimal portfolio. The portfolio can be adjusted to reduce risk or increase return by adjusting the percentage of Bitcoin. This paper further explores the portfolio using Bitcoin as a variable. This paper derives the volatility and return of the least risky portfolio to be 11.04% and -0.46%, respectively, when the portfolio is calibrated without Bitcoin, and the volatility and return of its Sharpe optimal portfolio are 14.61% and 7.11%, respectively. When the portfolio contains Bitcoin, the volatility and return of its risk-minimal portfolio are 9.45% and 0.6%, respectively, and the volatility and return of its Sharpe-optimal portfolio are 16.31% and 37.35%, respectively. Ultimately, it is concluded that Bitcoin has some risk-reducing and return-enhancing effects.
Estilos atributivos en el área de relaciones interpersonales: comparaciones por sexo
Authors: Canales-Acosta Michelle Anahí , Aguirre Vásquez Susana Ivonne , Blanco Ornelas José René , Jurado-García Perla Jannet
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar los estilos atributivos y analizar las diferencias de sexo entre estudiantes universitarios. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 779 participantes, de los cuales 401 (51.5%) eran mujeres y 378 (48.5%) hombres, con una media de edad de 20.52 y una desviación estándar de 1.58 años; Se empleó un diseño descriptivo de tipo encuesta, utilizando el Cuestionario de Estilos Atributivos en el área de relaciones interpersonales como instrumento de medición. Los análisis de varianza multivariante y univariados revelaron que los hombres tienden a mostrar un mayor control interno en comparación con las mujeres. Estas diferencias fueron observadas en todas las dimensiones evaluadas: Internalización del fracaso en las relaciones interpersonales, Atribución del éxito en las relaciones interpersonales al esfuerzo, Externalización del éxito en las relaciones interpersonales, Atribución del éxito en las relaciones interpersonales a la habilidad y en externalización del fracaso en las relaciones interpersonales. En conclusión, los hallazgos de este estudio indican una relación significativa entre el sexo de los participantes y sus estilos atributivos, lo que sugiere diferencias en la forma en que hombres y mujeres perciben el éxito y el fracaso en las relaciones interpersonales.
Estudiantes de Educación Física, Discapacidad y Percepción Social. Un Instrumento
Authors: Madrid Aranda Sergio Enrique , Ponce Renova Hector Francisco , Molina Saorin Jesus
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la postura que toman los estudiantes de educación física hacia las personas con síndrome de Down. Esto toma relevancia por la influencia que ejercen y ejercerán una vez sean maestros, entre sus alumnos y comunidades donde enseñen.  Dentro de este marco, hemos realizado una investigación constituida por tres fases progresivas; en la primera centralmente validamos una escala desarrollada originalmente en España que mide la percepción social de los estudiantes de educación física hacia las personas con síndrome de Down (EPSD-1; Molina y Nunes, 2012), y utilizando como muestra a los alumnos de educación física de una universidad del norte de México se aplicó el índice Alfa de Cronbach para evidenciar la fiabilidad del cuestionario, arrojando un resultado de baja consistencia interna (𝛂=.53), por tanto el instrumento tiene una confiabilidad baja y es inaceptable. En la segunda fase aplicamos una encuesta con la técnica de redes semánticas naturales (Figueroa, 1976) e identificamos algunas discordancias en el lenguaje, lo cual nos llevó a realizar los ajustes necesarios en la redacción de los 31 ítems del instrumento EPSD-1, resultando en el EPSD-3, una escala de percepción social adaptada para el contexto latinoamericano. En la tercera fase el EPSD-3 fue validado con el Alpha de Cronbach y se determinó que es un instrumento con una confiabilidad aceptable (𝛂=.74).
Inspiration from Singapore Bilingual Education
Authors: Shu Han
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the bilingual education policies of Singapore and China, emphasizing both the similarities and differences in their formulation and implementation. It examines the unique contexts, objectives, and practices of each country. Furthermore, by reviewing Singapore's innovations and successes in bilingual education, the study evaluates how these successful experiences could serve as a valuable reference for reforming China's bilingual education system. Singapore's bilingual education model emphasizes "English + mother tongue," using English as the main language of communication, while retaining the mother tongue to pass on culture (Mandarin, Malay, or Tamil). Bilingual education in Singapore starts from kindergarten and runs through the entire education system, supplemented by innovative teaching methods and technical means to improve students' learning efficiency. This model not only cultivates global talents with bilingual skills but also promotes the coexistence of multiple cultures. Singapore's experience has important implications for China's efforts to improve its bilingual education policy, especially regarding the balance between teaching by students' aptitude and cultural inheritance
Perspectives on Global Competency Development in Shanghai International Schools: A Qualitative Study of Parents and Teachers
Authors: Gu Xinyun
Published: January 2025

The research delves into how parents and educators in Shanghais schools view the promotion of global competencies in the context of globalization and cross-cultural education practices through qualitative approaches such as semi-formal interviews to explore expectations concerning curriculum structure and teaching strategies that aid students, in acquiring global skills. The results show that parents often prioritize success and tangible results when it comes to international education for their children as a means to secure spots in prestigious universities and lucrative career paths; on the other hand, teachers prefer a more comprehensive method focusing on fostering critical thinking skills and adaptability along with promoting intercultural awareness to shape well-rounded individuals with a global perspective. This research underscores the importance of creating a rounded curriculum that integrates academic challenges, with hands-on learning experiences to address both educational and personal growth objectives. The study constraints involve the extent of the research and the size of the sample which implies that future investigations should delve into how educational practices affect competence development over time and the role of family involvement, in international education
Analysis of Educational and Cultural Attitudes in Chinese Society Toward Adolescent Dating among Students
Authors: Chen Junrong
Published: January 2025

In recent years, with an increasing awareness of mental health issues among Chinese adolescents, teenage dating has gradually become a focal point of discussion among society, educational systems, and parents. Within the unique cultural context of China, adolescent dating intersects with educational values, family attitudes, and social morality. Traditional Chinese society generally maintains a conservative stance on adolescent romantic relationships, viewing them as potential distractions from academic performance and future development. However, as globalization progresses and adolescents sense of personal identity strengthens, an increasing number of teenagers are exploring emotional autonomy, making teenage dating an undeniable social phenomenon. This paper systematically examines the varied perspectives of Chinese society, schools, and parents on teenage dating through literature analysis. It investigates how these attitudes impact adolescents' emotional development and academic performance. Findings reveal that, although parents and schools predominantly hold negative views toward teenage dating, citing concerns about academic distraction, psychological pressure, and potential health risks, adolescents' emotional needs and the influence of social culture have grown more pronounced in recent years, leading to the normalization of teenage dating. Moreover, the lack of systematic emotional education in schools has exacerbated adolescents confusion about romantic relationships, resulting in a need for more effective guidance. This paper proposes that schools and families improve communication, provide balanced emotional education, and harmonize emotional guidance with academic development to support adolescents' healthy growth and mental well-being
The Impact of VR Technology on Music Education in the Context of "Internet Plus" Teaching
Authors: Feng Jingqi
Published: January 2025

With the advancement of modern technology, virtual reality (VR) technology, as a product of high-tech innovation, has brought convenience to people's daily lives. This paper uses VR technology as a medium and takes domestic music education in China as its research basis to explore the characteristics, application value, and impact of VR technology in music teaching. Through theoretical research, the paper aims to promote the development of VR technology in music education in China, creating possibilities for more innovative classroom teaching approaches
To Study the Dynamics of Demand and Consumption Patterns of Wellness Tea in Different Provinces of China
Authors: Ding Yuchen
Published: January 2025

In the present social context where health awareness is on the rise Chinese consumers appetite for healthy beverages is experiencing a rapid upward trend. Wellness tea beverages, which integrate traditional wellness concepts with modern beverage culture, are increasingly popular among consumers due to their potential health advantages.. This report offers an in-depth analysis of the dynamic changes in demand and consumption patterns of wellness tea across different provinces in China. By comprehensively dissecting the sales volume, price, and consumption behaviors of branded wellness tea in various cities and stores on the Taobao platform, it aims to disclose market trends and construct a regression forecast model for sales volume. The results indicate that the price factor (both pre-coupon and post-coupon prices) is the most decisive element influencing sales volume. Geographical regional disparities also exert a certain impact on sales volume, while macroeconomic indicators such as per capita GDP have a relatively minor impact. These discoveries not only provide decision support for market participants in the wellness tea industry, but also provide valuable reference information for policymakers, thereby facilitating the healthy progression of the industry and further tapping into the market potential.
The Competitive Edge of Hong Kong Universities: Distinct Features and Advantages of Studying in Hong Kong
Authors: Yan Na
Published: January 2025

Along with the trend of education globalization, more and more students choose to study abroad. This paper discusses and explores the competitive advantages of studying in Hong Kong, particularly for Chinese students. With its globally recognized universities such as the University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the region offers a high-quality, internationalized educational experience that facilitates adaptation for Mainland students. The mutual recognition of Hong Kong degrees fosters academic collaboration with mainland China, while English as the primary language of instruction enhances students communication skills and employability in multinational corporations. The paper highlights Hong Kong's robust academic environment, characterized by distinguished faculty and advanced facilities, as well as diverse post-graduation pathways, including students opportunities for further study, employment in Hong Kong, and career development in Mainland China. Ultimately, studying in Hong Kong not only enriches students' cross-cultural educational experiences but also equips them with valuable perspectives and networks essential for their future careers, which can be beneficial throughout their whole lives
Samurai, Pagan, or Ming Loyalist? The Reconstruction of Zheng Chenggongs Literary Images in the Netherlands, Japan, and China, 1710-1910
Authors: Han Ben
Published: January 2025

This paper compares depictions of Zheng Chenggong in Dutch, Japanese, and Chinese popular literature, focusing on plays and opera. Zheng's multifaceted identity and historical events have been reinterpreted by writers from these three countries to explore their proto-national identity. Dutch literature portrays Zheng as a barbaric pagan, Japanese literature emphasizes his Japanese ancestry and loyalty, while Han Chinese revolutionaries depict him as an anti-Qing leader. Zheng's complex character, including his loyalty to the Ming, aggressive invasion of Dutch Taiwan, and mixed military tactics, makes him susceptible to various literary reinterpretations. Authors cherry-pick elements from Zheng's life to fit their own proto-national narratives, resulting in diverse and often contrasting images of him.
Analysis of the Digital Dissemination Path of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Grounded Theory
Authors: Zhang Chunhao , Tian Ying , Zhang Yuqi
Published: January 2025

Intangible cultural heritage is a valuable asset of Chinese civilization, playing an indispensable role in shaping cultural confidence and pride. However, in the context of the internet and new media, there has emerged a scenario of cultural inheritance stagnation and financial difficulties. This study collects data from 300 users regarding the digital content of intangible cultural heritage through semi-structured interviews, utilizing NVivo12 software and based on a three-level coding framework of grounded theory. It discusses solutions for the digital dissemination path of culture and builds a model for its dissemination and development. The study finds that user willingness, technical support, dissemination media, and cultural plasticity have significant effects on the digitalization of intangible cultural heritage.
Study on the Ideological and Behavioral Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Contemporary College Students
Authors: Dong Lingli , Hui Wanzhen
Published: January 2025

As the main force of societys future, the study of contemporary college students ideological and behavioral characteristics and the factors influencing them is of great significance. This paper investigates the ideological and behavioral characteristics and the main influencing factors of contemporary college students through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The research finds that the ideological and behavioral characteristics of contemporary college students are diversified, with strong self-awareness and innovation consciousness. The main factors influencing their thoughts and behaviors are society, school, family, and personal factors. Based on these characteristics and influencing factors, this paper offers corresponding strategies and recommendations to provide reference for ideological and political education in universities.
Combined treatment of HCC with CTLA-4 inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: mechanisms, progress and challenges
Authors: Wang Lan
Published: January 2025

HCC seriously threatens human health, and the treatment methods are of crucial importance. The tumor microenvironment is critical to the origin and progression of HCC, and aberrant regulation of the immune checkpoint signaling pathway is a key method by which tumor cells avoid immune surveillance. Conventional single-treatment approaches for HCC have drawbacks. Inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, together known as the "golden combination," are the primary treatment for primary HCC. Compared with single treatment, it has a synergistic effect and benefits in boosting the immune response against the tumor and growing the number of recipients. However, it also has challenges. This study examines the state of combination treatment in HCC clinical trials as well as the current understanding of immune checkpoint inhibitors. By elaborating the cancer immune mechanism, it examines the mechanisms of action of the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints, and also the theoretical underpinnings and synergistic mechanism of combination treatment in HCC. Together with clinical study data, it assesses the effectiveness and potential of combination treatment for the cure of HCC, thoroughly examines the effects of conjunction treatment of CTLA-4 inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the immunologic therapy of HCC, and anticipates the future of combination treatment, offering useful references for HCC immunotherapy.
A Review on the Role of Spicy Food Consumption in Reducing Mortality
Authors: Jiang Wenqing , Wenxuan Ailin Jiang , Liao Lewei
Published: January 2025

This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between chili consumption and disease risk, as well as mortality, while exploring the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods: To gather relevant literature, we conducted a systematic search using keywords such as "capsaicin" and "spicy food consumption and mortality" in the CNKI and Wanfang databases, which primarily focus on Chinese-language publications. In addition to the direct search, we also identified key studies through references cited in the selected articles. Further materials were discovered by reviewing related content, contributing to the synthesis of this review. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in this review, consisting of 3 Chinese articles and 25 English-language studies. Among the English-language studies, 10 were conducted in China. The studies included both cohort and case-control designs, and they examined various aspects of chili consumption, from its impact on metabolic health to its role in reducing the incidence of diseases. Conclusion: The consumption of spicy foods, particularly those containing capsaicin, has been found to be associated with a reduced risk of developing a range of diseases, including malignant tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and parasitic infections. Additionally, spicy food consumption appears to be linked to a lower overall mortality risk, making it a potentially beneficial dietary habit in promoting health and longevity.
Cross-Modal Longitudinal Brain MRI Reconstruction with a Conditional Residual Transformer Network
Authors: Dai Ming
Published: January 2025

Multimodal medical image synthesis plays a crucial role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and understanding disease progression, particularly in Alzheimers disease (AD). However, existing methods often focus on single-modality or single-time synthesis, overlooking the complexities of integrating multiple imaging modalities and longitudinal data. Furthermore, these models tend to ignore patient-specific factors like age, health conditions, and sex, limiting their practical applicability in clinical settings. To address these limitations, we propose CrossSim, a novel residual vision transformer-based framework for multimodal and longitudinal medical image synthesis. Our model integrates cross-attention-based feature fusion to handle personalized data such as age, health state, and sex. This allows for the generation of more clinically relevant synthetic images that better represent the complexities of real medical data. In contrast to existing methods, CrossSim excels in synthesizing images that accurately reflect changes over time and across modalities. We conduct extensive experiments on the ADNI dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. The results demonstrate significant improvements in key metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, and RMSE, confirming the superior performance of CrossSim in both qualitative and quantitative analyses. This study emphasizes the clinical significance of CrossSim, offering a valuable tool for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and advancing our understanding of Alzheimers disease progression.
The Sea Level Rise under Global Warming
Authors: Qin Mufeng
Published: January 2025

Global warming is the biggest environmental issue facing humanity in the 21st century, and the resulting sea level rise (SLR) is a major disaster that humans need to confront. According to predictions, even in the most optimistic scenario, global temperatures will still rise by 0.3-1.7 before 2100, and sea levels will continue to rise by at least 2.3 meters within the next 2000 years. Even though many regions are currently experiencing severe SLR and many countries have implemented corresponding strategies, there is little can be done for small and underdeveloped countries. This study summarizes the current situation and predictions of SLR through a literature review, and compiles various hazards caused by SLR, as well as how different countries in different regions are responding to it, and proposes opinions on how to deal with SLR. It can be used as a reference for readers who want to understand SLR, its hazards, and how to deal with it, so that readers can have a clear understanding of the relevant knowledge about SLR.
Mechanisms of myeloid-derived suppressor cells-mediated immunosuppression in melanoma
Authors: Tang Lei
Published: January 2025

Melanoma is a malignant tumor with immunosuppression. Its immunosuppression is mostly due to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). At present, many studies have found that the generation of tumors is accompanied by the upregulation of certain factors and call them tumor markers. Some markers that cause tumor immunosuppression have been found in melanin. However, it is not clear how these markers work at the molecular level. The production of MDSCs, their migration into the tumor microenvironment (TME), their impact on T cells, and their unique function in the signal regulation pathway are all examined in this article. This study provides some references on pathways such as TLR4/NF-B, STAT3/Arg1 mRNA, such as STAT3/CCR5mRNA, etc. For the future research on the immunosuppression of melanoma. The pathways discovered so far are only a small part, and there are more pathways to be discovered. Future research can focus on the discovery of new pathways.
Dynamic Topological Subtype Analysis of Healthy Brain Activity
Authors: Sun Jisong
Published: January 2025

The functional organization of the human brain exhibits certain heterogeneity; however, the topological subtype characteristics of brain networks in healthy populations have not been fully explored. This study, based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 48 healthy adults in the UK Biobank dataset, employs persistent homology analysis to identify and characterize different subtypes of brain network topology. By constructing individual functional connectivity matrices and extracting their zero-dimensional (connected components) and one-dimensional (circular structures) topological features, unsupervised clustering analysis revealed three brain network subtypes with distinct functional organizational characteristics: the mainstream subtype (52.1%) exhibited moderate network connectivity and moderate modularity; the high modularity subtype (27.1%) displayed the most persistent circular structures and the highest network segregation; the integrative subtype (20.8%) featured extensive functional connectivity but a simple topological structure. Further statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between these subtypes across all topological feature dimensions (p < 0.001). These findings, for the first time, reveal the heterogeneity of brain functional organization in healthy populations from a topological perspective, providing important evidence for constructing more accurate brain network models and developing individualized clinical applications.
A Review of Recent Developments in Quadruped Robots
Authors: Jiang Zhihui
Published: January 2025

Quadrupedal robots have emerged as a leading platform for navigating complex and uneven terrains, owing to their biomimetic design and superior adaptability compared to wheeled and tracked counterparts. This review provides an overview of the historical development of quadruped robots, from early mechanical designs to modern advancements in actuation, control, and artificial intelligence. Recent progress in hydraulic, electric, and pneumatic actuation systems, combined with improvements in motion planning algorithms and terrain recognition technologies, have significantly enhanced the performance of these robots in real-world applications. Additionally, key trends such as the integration of artificial intelligence for autonomy and the use of advanced materials for flexible body designs are highlighted. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions aimed at further improving the efficiency, stability, and versatility of quadrupedal robots
The Discourse and Investigation Regarding the Advancement of Prefabricated Concrete Building Technology
Authors: Lan Shuwen
Published: January 2025

With the advancement of construction industrialization, there is an increasing utilization of precast concrete in construction projects to expedite the pace of construction and ensure the structural integrity. Prefabricated Construction is one of the modern construction techniques where some components of a structure or an entire structure are manufactured in a controlled environment and then installed on the construction site. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the research, advancement, and utilization of construction technology for prefabricated concrete structures. Initially, it presents an overview of the background and associated concepts related to prefabricated concrete buildings. Subsequently, it examines the global advancements made in its development while emphasizing its benefits and practical applications in engineering projects. Lastly, it delves into enhancement techniques for prefabricated concrete constructions across three key stages: production, construction and installation, as well as subsequent maintenance. This paper finds that prefabricated concrete structures are increasingly being embraced as the primary focus for the future advancement of the construction sector, offering not only shorter construction timelines but also enhanced environmental sustainability by mitigating pollution associated with traditional building methods and elevating project quality
Advances and Challenges in Small Object Detection: A Comparative Analysis of State-of-the-Art Models and Future Directions
Authors: Zhao Zixuan
Published: January 2025

Object detection involves the precise and efficient identification and localization of multiple predefined object categories within images. With the advent of deep learning, both the accuracy and efficiency of object detection have significantly improved. Nevertheless, challenges remain in optimizing the performance of mainstream detection algorithms, improving the accuracy of small object detection, enabling multi-class detection, and developing lightweight models. In response to these challenges, this paper provides a comprehensive literature review, analyzing approaches to enhance mainstream object detection by exploring advancements in backbone networks, expanding the visual receptive field, feature fusion, and various training strategies. We also evaluate the performance of leading detection models across established datasets, identifying current limitations and proposing future research directions. These directions include enhancing small object representation in datasets, enriching semantic information, and improving model interpretability. Small object detection remains a critical focus in computer vision, and we anticipate the continued development of algorithms with higher accuracy and efficiency
Cultural Sensitivity in AI Language Learning: Using NLP to Enhance Language Understanding Across Cultural Contexts
Authors: Wei Xin
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the integration of cultural awareness into AI language learning systems using Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. Recognising that the traditional methods of language learning tend not to capture cultural variations, the studies focus on how culturally relevant NLP models (GPT-3, BERT, RNNs) promote language acquisition and cross-cultural integration. Data preprocessing, cultural data augmentation and model training was used to encode cultural variables such as greetings, politeness, and contextually relevant expressions into training datasets. Experimental results suggest that culturally sensitive models outperform the generic model on tasks that involve cultural awareness, such as politeness detection, cultural phrase recognition, and tone sensitivity. GPT-3 for example improved the accuracy of politeness detection tasks from 72.4% to 85.7%. These results highlight the need to bring cultural awareness into AI to develop engaging, context-sensitive language learning. It concludes that culturally based NLP models enhance learner capacity for real-world communication and foster global cultural awareness. Future work should focus on expanding culturally diverse datasets and refining AI models to address subtle cultural complexities
Monte Carlo Simulations in Complex Systems: Challenges and New Approaches
Authors: Chen Jiming
Published: January 2025

Monte Carlo simulations are crucial for examining the Ising model, especially when it's tough to find analytical solutions. However, traditional Monte Carlo methods, like the Metropolis algorithm, encounter significant hurdles, such as slowing down near phase transitions and issues related to finite sizes. This paper looks into both the advantages and limitations of these traditional Monte Carlo techniques. It also covers recent developments like Tensor Network Monte Carlo and Quantum Monte Carlo methods, which have shown promise in overcoming these challenges. Furthermore, the paper explores how machine learning techniques are being incorporated into Monte Carlo simulations to enhance their efficiency and accuracy. These advancements represent a major leap forward in simulating complex systems and have expanded the use of Monte Carlo methods into new areas, including quantum systems and models with disorder. This paper finds that traditional Monte Carlo methods, like the Metropolis algorithm, face issues such as critical slowing down and finite-size effects. New methods, such as Tensor Network Monte Carlo (TNMC) and Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), effectively address these challenges, enhancing simulation accuracy and efficiency in complex systems. Additionally, integrating machine learning optimizes parameters and accelerates convergence, expanding Monte Carlos applicability to large-scale, high-dimensional systems across various scientific fields.
Application of Robust Optimization Algorithms to Wind Power Systems
Authors: Zhang Jingtai
Published: January 2025

In the current context of global energy structure transformation and climate change response, the development and utilisation of wind power, as a kind of clean and renewable energy, has received extensive attention. However, the intermittency and uncertainty associated with wind power present challenges to its stability and reliability in power system scheduling. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the application of robust optimization algorithms in wind power systems, focusing on how these algorithms can enhance the efficiency and stability of wind power within power systems. This paper discusses the specific methods of robust optimisation algorithms for solving problems in wind power systems from various perspectives. For example, by constructing a robust optimisation model that takes into account the uncertainty of wind power output, the scheduling flexibility and economy of the wind power system can be effectively improved. At the same time, the application of robust optimisation algorithms is analysed in terms of improving the anti-interference capability of wind power systems, optimising the combination of wind turbines, grid integration and wind farm planning, and improving the accuracy of wind power forecasts. The effectiveness of the algorithms in solving the problems encountered in the scheduling of wind power systems is analysed, and the challenges and opportunities for future development are discussed.
Longitudinal Ventilation for Smoke Control and Evacuation in High-Temperature Tunnel Fires
Authors: Wang Wei , Lai Minghui
Published: January 2025

When high-temperature geothermal conditions occur within road tunnels, the safety of emergency exits becomes more challenging, especially in cases of fire. The high background temperature increases the speed of the smoke stratification process, and therefore, is unfavorable for people rescue and safety evacuation. In China, longitudinal ventilation systems are widely used to control the smoke within road tunnels during emergency fire events and help ensure safety evacuation. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of the longitudinal ventilation system when applied to a high-temperature road tunnel. The results show that the high-temperature geothermal in the tunnel will result in an accelerated stratification of the smoke layer, and the ventilation speed must be reasonably adjusted to meet the demands of smoke control. Under an optimal ventilation setting, the smoke density in the passage was reduced and the visibility was dramatically improved, which tremendously increased the evacuation efficiency. Overall, this study provides some practical suggestions for tunnels exposed to high geothermal temperatures, including the potential for variable-speed ventilation systems and localized smoke extraction strategies.
Navigating the Cosmos: The Evolution and Impact of Newtonian Mechanics
Authors: Ye Xi
Published: January 2025

Mechanics is one of the most fundamental subfields of physics. Founded primarily by Isaac Newton, mechanics has strong relations with astronomy, one of the oldest sciences. It has astronomical origins and exhibits significant applications in astronomical problems. A historical perspective is necessary to grasp the big picture of physics, so this paper traces back to the very beginning of classical mechanics to discover its development through the literature review method. Starting from Keplers planetary motion laws and Newtons theories, then moving to two-body and three-body problems, this essay demonstrates the delicacy of classical mechanics and how it effectively solves different issues. Also, after centuries of development, the implications of Newtonian mechanics have been greatly expanded upon, serving as the foundation for numerous subsequent theories. In the end, this essay provides an outlook for other theories that either derive from or relate to Newtonian mechanics, like chaos theory and analytical mechanics. The paper finds that Newtonian mechanics is essential because it not only provided solutions to many of the modern astronomical difficulties but also encouraged the emergence of other important ideas
Bayes Theorem in Machine Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Qu Bowen
Published: January 2025

In the era of big data and articial intelligence, machine learning has become a crucial tool for extracting insights and making predictions across various domains. Bayes theorem, a fundamental principle in probability theory, has emerged as a cornerstone in many machine learning algorithms. This literature review explores the main applications of Bayes theorem in machine learning, focusing on its role in classication, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and other emerging elds. The study aims to provide an overview of how Bayesian principles enhance learning algorithms, improve decision-making processes, and address complex problems in articial intelligence. Through a systematic review of academic papers from Google Scholar, this research synthesizes current knowledge on Bayesian methods in machine learning. The methodology involves dening the research scope, conducting a literature search using specic keywords, screening relevant studies, and analyzing the collected data. By examining diverse applications ranging from disease prediction to sentiment analysis, this review highlights the versatility and signicance of Bayes theorem in advancing machine learning techniques and their real-world implementations.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Trends, Challenges in Disease Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Lee Tsz Ying
Published: January 2025

This study thoroughly reviews the status of applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, trends regarding AI usage for different disease types and problems that hamper their further progress. The study used a literature review and data analysis by locating relevant current articles on AI in healthcare through the PubMed database. The work analyzes AI use in cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders as well as the bottlenecks in the real-world deployment of healthcare. The findings of the study indicate that, while AI has demonstrated the potential to improve diagnostic precision, several obstacles persist in relation to data privacy, ethical considerations, and model interpretability. In conclusion, this review offers an assessment of the current state of AI applications in healthcare and identifies key areas of concern that necessitate further investigation. By addressing these challenges, future innovations can be more effectively developed and broadly implemented, ultimately contributing to the advancement and optimization of AI-driven healthcare solutions
Prediction, Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Recent Ten Years
Authors: Bai Chenrui
Published: January 2025

Depression is the second leading cause of disability in the world and has become one of the most prevalent mental illnesses in the world. Due to the high recurrence rate of depression and the fact that it is a disease that can be accompanied by the development of suicidal and bipolar tendencies, it is a great challenge to society and the financial and energy resources of hospital patients' families. However, there is no complete diagnosis and treatment system for depression, so this paper is committed to comprehensively review the contributions of the current studies of the depression diagnosis and treatment in the field of neural activity analysis, machine learning detection technology and neuromodulation, and discusses the development of prediction-diagnosis-treatment path in the future.
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles in Communities Selected with Novel and Previously Encountered Antibiotics
Authors: Cheng Huajie
Published: January 2025

Antibiotics are extensively employed worldwide for therapeutic purposes, often leading to overuse, which constitutes a contributing factor to the emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR). This phenomenon arises from diminished effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections due to resistance development. However, limitations in experimental conditions and equipment making it challenging to pinpoint the precise sources of antibiotic resistance, consequently constraining the breadth of research on ABR. Genomic analysis of antibiotic-resistant bacteria assists in unveiling the origins and pathways of resistance dissemination. This study employs Nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing, enabling direct sequencing of microbial DNA within macrogenomic samples, thereby yielding comprehensive sequence data. Coupled with qPCR and 16S rRNA gene datasets, this approach facilitates the exploration of antibiotic resistance gene distribution and prevalence within microbial communities across different environments Focusing on microbial communities within Scottish farmlands, isolated colonies were exposed to antibiotics (sulfamonomethoxine and erythromycin) for several weeks. By comparing them to untreated control group microorganisms, the identification of antibiotic resistance genes (ABRGs), along with their variations in prevalence and abundance, aims to analyse the impact of these two antibiotics on these species.
Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects of Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhang Qiqian
Published: January 2025

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, their efficacy as monotherapy remains limited in certain patient populations, especially in patients with low levels of PD-L1 expression. The combination of ICIs with chemotherapy has gradually emerged as a novel strategy, aiming to leverage the immune-enhancing effects of chemotherapy to synergize with ICIs. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the synergistic mechanisms, clinical trial outcomes, safety and toxicity issues, resistance challenges, and future directions of ICI-chemotherapy combination therapy for NSCLC. Clinical evidence suggests that this combination notably extends progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), demonstrating promising efficacy, particularly in advanced squamous NSCLC patients with low PD-L1 levels. By inducing immune enhancement through chemotherapy and activating immune responses via ICIs, this combined approach effectively overcomes the limitations of single-agent therapies. Despite a range of challenges, this immunotherapy combination offers renewed hope for improving treatment outcomes in NSCLC patients.
Generation and Transmission of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Livestock and Poultry Breeding Environments
Authors: Wang Zi-Xuan
Published: January 2025

The widespread presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and poultry farming poses a significant threat to the ecological environment and public health. In this paper, the causes, transmission routes and environmental impacts of ARGs in livestock and poultry breeding environments are reviewed. ARGs spread in the environment through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), biological vectors, and airborne transmission, further exacerbating the problem of drug resistance. The presence of ARGs not only has a negative impact on soil and water ecosystems, but also poses a potential threat to human health through the food chain. This article discusses the current methods of detecting and controlling ARGs, and puts forward the focus and direction of future research, aiming to provide theoretical support for the formulation of effective prevention and control strategies to reduce the environmental and health risks caused by ARGs.This review identifies horizontal gene transfer as a critical mechanism in ARG propagation and proposes advanced detection techniques to curb environmental contamination, laying the groundwork for sustainable antibiotic usage in livestock.
Receive-decrypt Circuit Design for Encrypted Signal Processing
Authors: Zhou Yuzhi
Published: January 2025

In today's society where the Internet and information networks are so developed, the need for confidentiality of information transmission is more and more important, no matter whether it is in the business sector, the military, medical care, or individuals. In this paper analyses the basic working principles of four different communication systems, namely, the high-dimensional chaotic laser communication system, the chaotic synchronous confidential communication system based on the reserve pool calculation, the ultra-chaotic system based on the amnesia, and the communication system based on the Duffing vibrator array, from encrypting the signal and sending it from the transmitting end to receiving, demodulating and converting the encrypted signal from the receiving end. The differences between the different parts of each system are compared. Finally, it is found that today's communication systems have the disadvantages of poor confidentiality, weak anti-jamming, high cost, low accuracy, etc., respectively, and suggestions for modification are made. Finally, the future development of communication is looked forward to