bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Low-Cloud Simulation from an Upgraded Multiscale Modeling Framework Model. Part I: Sensitivity to Spatial Resolution and Climatology
Authors: Xu Kuan-Man , Cheng Anning
Published: February 2013

The multiscale modeling framework, which replaces traditional cloud parameterizations with a 2D cloud-resolving model (CRM) in each atmospheric column, is a promising approach to climate modeling. The CRM component contains an advanced third-order turbulence closure, helping it to better simulate low-level clouds. In this study, two simulations are performed with 1.9° × 2.5° grid spacing but they differ in the vertical resolution. The number of model layers below 700 hPa increases from 6 in one simulation (IP-6L) to 12 in another (IP-12L) to better resolve the boundary layer. The low-cloud horizontal distribution and vertical structures in IP-12L are more realistic and its global mean is higher than in IP-6L and closer to that of CloudSat/Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) observations. The spatial patterns of tropical precipitation are significantly improved; for example, a single intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the Pacific, instead of double ITCZs in an earlier study that used coarser horizontal resolution and a different dynamical core in its host general circulation model (GCM), and the intensity of the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), and the ITCZ in the Atlantic is more realistic. Many aspects of the global seasonal climatology agree well with observations except for excessive precipitation in the tropics. In terms of spatial correlations and patterns in the tropical/subtropical regions, most surface/vertically integrated properties show greater improvement over the earlier simulation than that with lower vertical resolution. The relationships between low-cloud amount and several large-scale properties are consistent with those observed in five low-cloud regions. There is an imbalance in the surface energy budget, which is an aspect of the model that needs to be improved in the future.
The Gaussian Statistical Predictability of Wind Speeds
Authors: Monahan Adam H.
Published: February 2013

The statistical predictability of wind speed using Gaussian predictors, relative to the predictability of orthogonal vector wind components, is considered. With the assumption that the vector wind components are Gaussian, analytic expressions for the correlation-based wind speed prediction skill are obtained in terms of the prediction skills of the vector wind components and their statistical moments. It is shown thatat least one of the vector wind components is generally better predicted than the wind speed (often much more so);wind speed predictions constructed from the predictions of vector wind components are more skillful than direct wind speed predictions; andthe linear predictability of wind speed (relative to that of the vector wind components) decreases as the variability in the vector wind increases relative to the mean.

These idealized model results are shown to be broadly consistent with linear predictive skills assessed using observed sea surface wind from the SeaWinds scatterometer. Biases in the model predictions are shown to be related to the degree to which vector wind variations are non-Gaussian.
Modes and Mechanisms of Global Water Vapor Variability over the Twentieth Century
Authors: Zhang Liping , Wu Lixin , Gan Bolan
Published: February 2013

The modes and mechanisms of the annual water vapor variations over the twentieth century are investigated based on a newly developed twentieth-century atmospheric reanalysis product. It is found that the leading modes of global water vapor variations over the twentieth century are controlled by global warming, the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and ENSO. On the global scale, the variations in water vapor synchronize with the sea surface temperature, which can be explained by the simple thermal Clausius–Clapeyron theory under conditions of constant relative humidity. However, on regional scales, the spatial patterns of water vapor variations associated with global warming, AMO, and ENSO are largely attributed to the atmospheric circulation dynamics, particularly the planetary divergent circulation change induced by the sea surface temperature changes. In the middle and high latitudes, the transient eddy fluxes and thermodynamics also play significant roles.
Instrumenting Wildlife Water Developments to Collect Hydrometeorological Data in Remote Western U.S. Catchments
Authors: Grant Nicholas , Saito Laurel , Weltz Mark , Walker Mark , Daly Christopher , Stewart Kelley , Morris Christo
Published: February 2013

In the arid western United States, wildlife water developments, or “guzzlers,” are important water sources for wildlife, and consist of impermeable roof structures designed to intercept precipitation and small tanks for storing water. Guzzlers are typically installed in remote mid- to high-elevation basins, where precipitation data are often scarce. In this study, small-game guzzlers were examined for feasibility as potential sites for improving estimates of climatic parameters in remote Nevada catchments. Instruments measuring liquid precipitation and water level were installed at two guzzler field sites. Although one field site was vandalized during the study, field results indicated that water levels in the tank measured by Hobo pressure transducers corresponded well with precipitation events measured by the Texas Electronics tipping-bucket rain gauge, and that measured data were similar to Parameter–Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) estimates. Minimum temperatures from the guzzler sites were similar to PRISM; however, maximum temperatures were a few degrees higher, possibly because temperature sensors were unshielded. With over 1600 guzzlers in Nevada and thousands more throughout the western United States, this study initiates exploration of the feasibility of augmenting individual guzzler sites to enhance climatic monitoring at a relatively low cost to improve the quality and density of climate observations, benefitting hydrologists, climatologists, and wildlife managers.
A Spectral Deferred Correction Method Applied to the Shallow Water Equations on a Sphere
Authors: Jia Jun , Hill Judith C. , Evans Katherine J. , Fann George I. , Taylor Mark A.
Published: February 2013

Although significant gains have been made in achieving high-order spatial accuracy in global climate modeling, less attention has been given to the impact imposed by low-order temporal discretizations. For long-time simulations, the error accumulation can be significant, indicating a need for higher-order temporal accuracy. A spectral deferred correction (SDC) method is demonstrated of even order, with second- to eighth-order accuracy and A-stability for the temporal discretization of the shallow water equations within the spectral-element High-Order Methods Modeling Environment (HOMME). Because this method is stable and of high order, larger time-step sizes can be taken while still yielding accurate long-time simulations. The spectral deferred correction method has been tested on a suite of popular benchmark problems for the shallow water equations, and when compared to the explicit leapfrog, five-stage Runge–Kutta, and fully implicit (FI) second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) time-integration methods, it achieves higher accuracy for the same or larger time-step sizes. One of the benchmark problems, the linear advection of a Gaussian bell height anomaly, is extended to run for longer time periods to mimic climate-length simulations, and the leapfrog integration method exhibited visible degradation for climate length simulations whereas the second-order and higher methods did not. When integrated with higher-order SDC methods, a suite of shallow water test problems is able to replicate the test with better accuracy.
Improving Short-Range Ensemble Kalman Storm Surge Forecasting Using Robust Adaptive Inflation
Authors: Altaf M. U. , Butler T. , Luo X. , Dawson C. , Mayo T. , Hoteit I.
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a robust ensemble filtering methodology for storm surge forecasting based on the singular evolutive interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filter, which has been implemented in the framework of the H∞ filter. By design, an H∞ filter is more robust than the common Kalman filter in the sense that the estimation error in the H∞ filter has, in general, a finite growth rate with respect to the uncertainties in assimilation. The computational hydrodynamical model used in this study is the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model. The authors assimilate data obtained from Hurricanes Katrina and Ike as test cases. The results clearly show that the H∞-based SEIK filter provides more accurate short-range forecasts of storm surge compared to recently reported data assimilation results resulting from the standard SEIK filter.
Watch and Learn
Authors: O’Toole Jennifer K. , Solan Lauren G. , Burkhardt Mary Carol , Klein Melissa D.
Published: February 2013

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of an innovative curriculum, using trigger videos modeling screening for social determinants of health (SDH), on the comfort and screening practices of pediatric residents during well-child care. Methods. A nonrandomized controlled study of an educational intervention was performed. Resident surveys assessing knowledge, comfort, and screening practices for SDH were performed pre- and post-intervention. Subsets of control and intervention residents were observed pre- and post-intervention to determine changes in SDH screening practices. Results. Thirty-six residents completed the study. Intervention residents spent more time screening ( P = .04), and inquired more frequently about family supports ( P = .046) and housing conditions ( P = .045). Intervention residents were less likely to note lack of knowledge and discomfort as barriers to screening. Conclusions. A curriculum incorporating trigger videos modeling SDH screening increased screening time and inquiry for a number of SDH by pediatric residents. Fewer barriers to screening were noted following the curriculum.
Role of Pneumography and Esophageal pH Monitoring in the Evaluation of Infants With Apparent Life-Threatening Event
Authors: Mittal Manoj K. , Donda Keyur , Baren Jill M.
Published: February 2013

Objective. To determine if a positive result on pneumography, diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or nontreatment of those diagnosed with GERD with antireflux medications predicts an increased recurrence risk of apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) over the first 4 weeks of follow-up. Methods. Secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study of 300 infants diagnosed with ALTE. Results. The relative risk of recurrent ALTE was 1.26 (95% confidence interval = 0.47-3.38) among infants with an abnormal versus normal result on pneumography, 1.98 (1.02-3.86) among those diagnosed with GERD versus those not, and 0.46 (0.20-1.03) among those with GERD and started on antireflux medications versus those not started on such medications. Conclusions. Positive pneumography for apnea or reflux does not predict an increase in recurrence rate of an ALTE. Infants diagnosed with GERD are more likely to have recurrent ALTE; treatment with antireflux medications may reduce this risk.
Racial Socialization, Color-Blind Racial Ideology, and Mental Health Among Black College Students
Authors: Barr Simone C. , Neville Helen A.
Published: February 2013

The ecological model of racial socialization (EMRS) was tested among a sample of 207 Black college students from a predominately White Midwestern university. The EMRS explored the relations between the racial composition of participants’ social contexts and racial socialization provided by both parent and peer sources. In addition, the model addressed the relations among racial socialization provided by multiple sources, color-blind racial ideology (CBRI), and mental health. Findings from hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated partial support of the EMRS. Specifically, the racial composition of participants’ neighborhood and friend group accounted for a unique amount of variance in messages about cultural pride and alertness to racism participants received from both parents and peers. Additionally, peer alertness to racism messages accounted for a significant amount of variance in both CBRI and mental health. Finally, CBRI moderated the relation between parental mainstream racial socialization messages and mental health, such that Black young adults, who have higher levels of color-blind racial beliefs, are negatively affected by mainstream socialization messages provided by parents of participants. Implications and future directions are discussed.
The role of facial expressions in attention-orienting in adults and infants
Authors: Rigato Silvia , Menon Enrica , Gangi Valentina Di , George Nathalie , Farroni Teresa
Published: February 2013

Faces convey many signals (i.e., gaze or expressions) essential for interpersonal interaction. We have previously shown that facial expressions of emotion and gaze direction are processed and integrated in specific combinations early in life. These findings open a number of developmental questions and specifically in this paper we address whether such emotional signals may modulate the behavior in a following gaze context. A classic spatial cueing paradigm was used to assess whether different facial expressions may cause differential orienting response times and modulate the visual response to a peripheral target in adults and in 4-month-old infants. Results showed that both adults and infants oriented towards a peripheral target when a central face was gazing in the direction of the target location. However, in adults this effect occurred regardless of the facial expression displayed by the face. In contrast, in infants, the emotional facial expressions used, at least in the current study, did not facilitate the attention shift but tended to hold infants’ attention.
‘Some records manager will take care of it’ – Records management in the context of mobile work
Authors: Mäkinen Sari
Published: February 2013

Mobile work challenges organizational records management. This paper reports the results of a study in three case organizations on how the organizations’ records management meets and adapts to the increasing role of mobile work. Data was collected by interviewing mobile workers and record management professionals. Documentary materials were used to analyse official records management policies. The findings revealed that documented organizational policies do not take into account mobile work, and cannot effectively support personal or corporate records management in mobile work. Records management professionals were poorly informed of the extent of mobile work in the organization, and of the special problems related to managing records in mobile work. The overall conclusion is that organizations should pay more attention to the new requirements for records management caused by mobile work.
Complications following dorsal versus volar plate fixation of distal radius fracture: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Jie , Yang Tu-Bao , Luo Wei , Qin Jia-Bi , Kong Fan-Jing
Published: February 2013

Objectives:

A meta-analysis to compare complication rates following volar or dorsal surgical fixation of distal radius fracture.

Methods:

A detailed search of PubMed®/MEDLINE® was undertaken to identify randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials published before 25 August 2012 that compared volar with dorsal fixation, in patients with distal radius fracture.

Results:

A quantitative meta-analysis of 12 trials (952 patients) was performed. There was no between-group difference in the overall rate of complications. Volar fixation was associated with significant increases in neuropathy (relative risk [RR] 2.19; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.27, 3.76) and carpal tunnel syndrome (RR 4.56; 95% CI 1.02, 20.44), and a reduction in tendon irritation, compared with the dorsal approach (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17, 0.86).

Conclusions:

Dorsal fixation offers a lower risk of neuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome than the volar approach, but a higher risk of tendon irritation. Patients with a distal radius fracture can expect similar outcomes after volar or dorsal surgery.
Doing Survival
Authors: Swart Elizabeth
Published: February 2013

The current study analyzed strategies for coping with gender-based violence described in the diary accounts of 20 women residents of Kibera, Kenya, the largest slum in sub-Saharan Africa. Three distinct strategies are reported: endurance and faith, escape, and limited partnership. Previous qualitative studies of this population report acceptance of gender-based violence, based on lack of education and patriarchal social norms. The current study indicates that coping strategies may sometimes be agential choices made by women negotiating a complex web of structural oppression. Implications for practice are discussed.
Suggestion of a polynomial model with a convolution integral term for a vibration isolation element with hysteresis and non-linearity for force estimation
Authors: Kim Ki-Sun , Kim Kwang-joon
Published: February 2013

Modelling of the force transmitted through vibration isolation elements in terms of the displacement and the velocity is very useful in transfer path or vibration power analysis of dynamic systems. Modelling using the complex stiffness in the frequency domain can be a good solution for linear elements, and force-state mapping can be a good solution for non-linear elements. In this study, it is noted that conventional force-state mapping with a linear part simply consisting of a linear spring and a viscous damper does not work sufficiently well for vibration isolation elements typically made of rubber materials; therefore, modelling of the linear part using the complex stiffness is proposed. The non-linear force-state model with the complex stiffness model for the linear part is applied to a set of simulation data for validation of the proposed approach and to another set of data measured from a cabin mount of an excavator for illustration. A form of the fractional polynomial function of the frequency is utilized for curve fitting of the linear complex stiffness in the frequency domain. The constraints for stability and causality on the coefficients and the order of this form are discussed. Procedures for the construction of the whole model are presented. Based on the modelling of the simulated and measured data, it is claimed that the suggested modelling is promising as a representation of the frequency- and amplitude-dependent complex stiffness of vibration isolation elements.
A Review of Indian Index Funds
Authors: Sarkar Subhrangshu Sekhar , Dutta Santanu , Dutta Pinky
Published: February 2013

An index fund is a mutual fund that aims to imitate some benchmark index. There are several advantages of investing in an index fund, namely, exposure to a diversified portfolio, minimization of company-specific risks, high liquidity, etc. In India, there has been a significant growth in the number of index funds from 2002 onwards. Today there are more than 20 index funds imitating the NIFTY or SENSEX. In this article, we review and compare a number of Indian index funds. The CRISIL composite ranking of an index fund reflects the quarterly performance of that fund and is subject to fluctuations. We are interested in those index funds that do not deviate significantly from the underlying benchmark index in the long run. This ensures that an investor gets the benefit of any strong rally in the benchmark index, which the index fund imitates. We identify some index funds that satisfy our criteria, and are also ranked above three (indicating above average performance) in the CRISIL rankings of March 2011 and December 2010.
The ongoing life of participant-composed songs within and beyond the clinical setting
Authors: Baker Felicity A.
Published: February 2013

Participants engaging in music therapy programs may create personally meaningful songs as part of their therapy process. Sometimes these songs are notated and/or recorded so there is a permanent record of the creation for the participant to retain. This study explored clinicians’ reflections on the ongoing life of client-composed songs within and beyond the clinical setting. Forty-five experienced music therapists from 11 countries were interviewed. Grounded theory methods of analysis were employed to elucidate the clinicians’ thought processes. The analysis process generated 40 codes which were grouped into 15 concepts and aligned under three themes: therapist shares songs with participant/s; participants and their song creations; and participant/s share songs with others. The researcher recommends that clinicians carefully consider participants’ individual circumstances, clinical diagnosis, family and social support systems and cognitive capacities when deciding whether to provide them with copies of their songs. Implications for classroom music education are also discussed.
An Insight Into the Preoperative Experiences of Ghanaian General Surgical Patients
Authors: Aziato Lydia , Adejumo Oluyinka
Published: February 2013

The unknown outcome of surgery has always been a source of anxiety for patients and their relatives. However, the experiences of Ghanaian surgical patients have not been adequately explored. This study sought to have an in-depth exploration of the preoperative experiences of Ghanaian general surgical patients to inform effective preoperative care. The study employed an ethnographic design and was conducted at two hospitals in Accra. Thirteen general surgical patients were purposively recruited and interviewed. Data analysis occurred concurrently and themes that emerged included reaction to impending surgery with subthemes of inappropriate disclosure, fear of death, readiness for surgery, and effect of waiting in the theatre. Also, the theme information gap had subthemes of preoperative care, expectations at the theatre, and undue delays. The study emphasized the need for health professionals to provide effective education to the public and patients, on surgery and its effects, to curb negative perceptions about surgery.
Family Resilience
Authors: McDonald Angela
Published: February 2013

Dr. Walsh is the Mose and Sylvia Firestone Professor Emerita in the School of Social Service Administration and Department of Psychiatry, Pritzker School of Medicine, at the University of Chicago. She is the codirector and cofounder of the Chicago Center for Family Health. She is also a licensed clinical psychologist and an American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy approved supervisor. Her PhD is in human development and she is a prolific author, having authored over 120 books and articles.
Biomechanical Analysis of Brostrom Versus Brostrom-Gould Lateral Ankle Instability Repairs
Authors: Behrens Steve B. , Drakos Mark , Lee Byung J. , Paller Dave , Hoffman Eve , Koruprolu Sarath , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: February 2013

Background:

The traditional Brostrom repair and the modified Brostrom-Gould repair are 2 historically reliable procedures used to address lateral ankle instability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical stability conferred by the Brostrom repair as compared to the Brostrom-Gould modification in an unstable cadaveric ankle model.

Methods:

A total of 10 cadaveric specimens were placed in a Telos ankle stress apparatus in an anterior-posterior position and then in a lateral position, while a 170 N load was applied to simulate anterior drawer (AD) and talar tilt (TT) tests, respectively. In both circumstances, the ankle was held in 15 degrees of plantarflexion, neutral, and 15 degrees of dorsiflexion, while the movement of the sensors was measured using a video motion analysis system. Measurement of the translation between the talus and tibia in the AD test and the angle between the tibia and talus in the TT test were calculated for specimens in the (1) intact, (2) sectioned (division of the ATFL and CFL), (3) Brostrom repair and (4) Gould modification states.

Results:

When compared to both the repaired states and the intact states, the sectioned state demonstrated increased inversion and translation at all ankle positions during TT and AD testing. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the intact state and either of the repaired states. Finally, no difference in the biomechanical stability could be identified between the traditional Brostrom repair and the modified Brostrom-Gould procedure.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that there is no significant biomechanical difference in initial ankle stability conferred by augmenting the traditional Brostrom repair with the Gould modification in this time-zero cadaveric model.

Clinical Relevance:

These data suggest that the additional reinforcement of an ankle’s lateral ligament complex repair of the ankle with the inferior extensor retinaculum may be marginal at the time of surgery.
Measuring and Testing Industry Effects in Strategic Management Research
Authors: Sharp Barton M. , Bergh Donald D. , Li Ming
Published: February 2013

The authors examine how strategy scholars have measured and tested industry effects. They report findings from three studies. First, they replicate the Dess, Ireland, and Hitt (1990) article on industry controls in strategic management research using a new sample of studies published during 2000 to 2009, finding that there has been a decrease in the proportion of articles that do not control for industry effects at all and at the same time noting a significant increase in the number of single-industry studies. Second, they employ a fine-grained content analysis of articles published in the Strategic Management Journal at three different points during the study period to identify the different ways that industry effects have been considered. Findings depict a myriad of highly diverse industry-level measures that researchers have applied. Third, they test the empirical implications of applying different measures of one particular industry characteristic, industry performance. They demonstrate that empirical findings and the interpretation of theoretical models can differ based on how industry effects are incorporated. Recommendations are offered for guiding future research about how to examine industry effects.
Constructs in Strategic Management
Authors: Boyd Brian K. , Bergh Donald D. , Ireland R. Duane , Ketchen David J.
Published: February 2013

Construct measurement is a cornerstone for research in any area. In the absence of information on the caliber of measurement practices within and across studies, it is extremely difficult to synthesize research and develop normative guidelines for managers. This Feature Topic aims to advance measurement practices by strategic management scholars. The Feature Topic includes six articles from a diverse array of perspectives. We describe the context of strategic management and measurement, examine how the Feature Topic articles address critical issues, and conclude with advice for authors and reviewers on this topic.
The niche of envy: Conceptualization, coping strategies, and the ontogenesis of envy in cultural psychology
Authors: Quintanilla Laura , de López Kristine Jensen
Published: February 2013

Envy is the religion of the mediocre. It comforts them, it responds to the worries that gnaw at them and finally it rots their souls, allowing them to justify their meanings and their greed until they believe these to be virtues.—Carlos Ruiz Zafón

“The niche of envy” is a cross-disciplinary attempt to capture and understand the complex and self-conscious emotion of envy as unfolded within social relationships and cultural settings. One of our main interests concerns how children come to understand envy in ontogenesis. Accordingly, we review existing theoretical approaches to understanding envy and introduce preliminary data about children’s understanding of envy. This paper consists of three sections. In the first section, we define envy by introducing the conditions and components that form part of it. We emphasize the fact that envy is a complex and embodied emotion, which embraces a triadic relationship, social comparison, and inequality. In this section, we also introduce social conditions that may facilitate envy and its consequences, such as hostility and aggression. The second section deals with coping strategies for envy. Here, we integrate research from different disciplines, e.g., socio-cultural, psychological, and anthropological research. Finally, in the third section, we introduce a cross-cultural and developmental view of how envy is embodied. We briefly address and offer a critique of Klein’s psychoanalytic view and present recent results from our cross-cultural studies of the ontogenesis of understanding envy.
English as a second language, a second chance, or second class membership: Exploring the costs and opportunities of Latina immigrants' narratives
Authors: Martin Daniela , Daiute Colette
Published: February 2013

Speaking a language is a socially and historically situated action through which speakers define themselves in relation to others. Using interviews collected from 15 Latina women attending an ESL program, this study examined how gender and ethnicity frame students’ practices related to the study of English as a second language. Positioning analysis was used to identify the multiple roles the speakers enact in their immigrant and host communities, and describe how they strategically manage and combine these positionings to achieve multiple goals. The results show that ESL study serves disparate and sometimes contradictory purposes in the lives of immigrant students, depending on processes through which agency and vulnerability is achieved. Linking Peirce’s conceptualization of student motivation as “investment” to socio-cultural theory, this study fosters a broader view of the dynamics shaping individual language use and language acquisition. By examining second language study as a cultural tool, students’ motivation can be understood with a view to immigrants’ social settings and power relations that define them.
The sociomateriality of creativity in everyday life
Authors: Tanggaard Lene
Published: February 2013

This paper explores the sociomateriality of creativity in everyday life. Whilst creativity research has traditionally been concerned with the intellectual and individual skills promoting creativity, such as the ability to apply divergent thinking, this author anchors creativity in social practice. It is suggested that: (1) creativity is an everyday phenomenon resulting in continual processes of “making the world;” (2) there is a close relationship between human beings and material tools in the creativity process; and (3) there is a close relationship between continuity and renewal, meaning that materials, tools, things, institutions, normative practices and “ways of doing” already in the world are taken as starting points for new creations.
Evaluation of the Workplace Environment in the UK, and the Impact on Users’ Levels of Stimulation
Authors: Giddings Bob , Thomas Jenny , Little Linda
Published: February 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a number of recently completed workplaces in the UK. The first aim is to assess the impact of various aspects of the workplace environment on users’ levels of stimulation. The body of previous research undertaken into the workplace environment, identified the aspects to be investigated. Samples of employees from the sixteen businesses were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the workplaces. The results were entered into a regression analysis, and the most significant predictors of perceived stimulation identified. The data also revealed a dramatic reduction in staff arousal levels from mornings to afternoons. Thus, there is a second aim to determine whether changes to significant aspects of the workplace environment during the day can counteract the reduction in users’ stimulation. Two further workplaces were studied to enable changes to be made over a 12-week period. A sample of employees completed questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews revealed the reasons behind the results. It was found that provision of artwork, personal control of temperature and ventilation and regular breaks were the most significant contributions to increasing stimulation after lunch; while user choice of layout, and design and décor of workspaces and break areas, were the most significant aspects at design stage.
Three versions of the social
Authors: Elliott Anthony , Turner Bryan S.
Published: February 2013

Problems of defining such terms as ‘society’, ‘the social’, and ‘the social system’ remain an ongoing bane of social theory in general and sociology more specifically. This article is located in the context of recent debates that ‘society’ as an empirical reality and ‘society’ as a concept is in crisis. We begin by briefly reviewing sociological understandings of ‘society’ and noting the ‘death of society’ thesis in recent social theory. In an attempt to extend this debate beyond naïve proclamations of the ‘end of society’, we argue – in an exploratory and provisional manner – that the bulk of sociological discourses on the ‘social’ can be located within one of the following categories or registers: (1) society as structure; (2) society as solidarity; and (3) society as creation. These three registers of the social are briefly sketched in the remainder of the article. This argument arises from a larger ‘work in progress’ on the logics of the social.
Evaluating educational initiatives to improve palliative care for people with dementia: A narrative review
Authors: Raymond Mareeni , Warner Alex , Davies Nathan , Baishnab Elora , Manthorpe Jill , Iliffe Steve ,   for the IMPACT research team
Published: February 2013

Dementia accounts for one in three deaths among people aged 65 and over, but end-of-life care for people with dementia is often sub-optimal. Palliative care for people with dementia poses particular challenges to those providing services, and current policy initiatives recommend education and training in palliative care for those working with patients with dementia. However, there are few evaluations of the effectiveness of dementia education and training. This paper presents a narrative review undertaken in 2011–2012 of evaluations of palliative care education for those working with people with dementia at the end of life. A total of eight papers were identified that described and evaluated such palliative care education; none reported benefits for people with dementia. There is a clear need to develop and evaluate educational interventions designed to improve palliative and end-of-life care for people with dementia. Some suggestions for educationally sound approaches are discussed.
Thoracic Aorta Coarctation in the Adults
Authors: Bozzani Antonio , Arici Vittorio , Ragni Franco
Published: February 2013

Aortic coarctation (CoA) is the fifth most common congenital heart defect, accounting for 6% to 8% of live births with congenital heart disease. Traditional treatment for CoA consists of open surgical repair, and the endovascular procedures have been proposed as an alternative treatment. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man presented to our department with mild lower limbs claudication and hypertension. The computed tomography scan diagnosed an aortic postductal coarctation, which we treated with aortoplasty with Dacron patch. The open surgery, in our opinion, is nowadays still preferable due to the time-stable and effective outcome.
Strategic Leadership and Entrepreneurial Capability for Game Change
Authors: Abdelgawad Sondos G. , Zahra Shaker A. , Svejenova Silviya , Sapienza Harry J.
Published: February 2013

In this article, we introduce the concept of entrepreneurial capability (EC) to capture a firm’s capacity to sense, select, and shape opportunities, and synchronize their strategic moves and resources in pursuit of these opportunities. We define EC and explain its dimensions, highlighting its role in achieving and sustaining a firm’s competitive advantage. We also propose that EC is instrumental for realizing a firm’s game-changing strategies, that is, those strategic moves that fundamentally alter the nature, domain and dynamics of competition. Furthermore, we propose that strategic leadership plays an essential role in honing a company’s EC and aligning it with its game-changing strategy by creating an organizational context where transforming the business ecosystem becomes feasible. Finally, we articulate the implications of EC for managerial practices and for advancing future research at the intersection of entrepreneurship, leadership, and competitive strategy.
Human kinome analysis reveals novel kinases contributing to virus infection and retinoic-acid inducible gene I-induced type I and type III IFN gene expression
Authors: Nousiainen Laura , Sillanpää Maarit , Jiang Miao , Thompson James , Taipale Jussi , Julkunen Ilkka
Published: February 2013

Activation of host innate antiviral responses are mediated by retinoic-acid inducible gene I ( RIG-I)-like receptors, RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, and TLRs 3, 7, 8 and 9, recognising different types of viral nucleic acids. The major components of the RIG-I- and TLR pathways have putatively been identified, but previously unrecognised kinases may contribute to virus infection-induced activation of the IFN response. Here, we screened a human kinase cDNA library, termed the kinome, using an IFN-λ1 promoter-driven luciferase reporter assay in HEK293 cells during Sendai virus infection. Of the 568 kinases analysed, nearly 50 enhanced IFN-λ1 gene expression at least twofold in response to Sendai virus infection. The best activators were FYN ( FYN oncogene related to SRC, FGR, YES), serine/threonine kinase 24, activin A receptor type 1 and SRPK1 (SFRS protein kinase 1). These kinases enhanced RIG-I-dependent IFN-λ1 promoter activation via IFN-stimulated response and NF-κB elements, as confirmed using mutant IFN-λ1 promoter constructs. FYN and SRPK1 enhanced IFN-λ1 and CXCL10 protein production via the RIG-I pathway, and stimulated RIG-I and MyD88-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors, respectively. We conclude that several previously unrecognised kinases, particularly FYN and SRPK1, positively regulate IFN-λ1 and similarly regulated cytokine and chemokine genes during viral infection.
Potent obatoclax cytotoxicity and activation of triple death mode killing across infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Urtishak Karen A. , Edwards Alena Y. Z. , Wang Li-San , Hudome Amanda , Robinson Blaine W. , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Cao Kajia , Cory Lori , Moore Jonni S. , Bantly Andrew D. , Yu Qian-Chun , Chen I-Ming L. , Atlas Susan R. , Willman Cheryl L. , Kundu Mondira , Carroll Andrew J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Devidas Meenakshi , Hilden Joanne M. , Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Hunger Stephen P. , Reaman Gregory H. , Felix Carolyn A.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia is sensitive to therapeutic targeting by apoptosis, necoptosis, and autophagy activation whether MLL is rearranged or germline. The disease-specific form of triple death mode killing by obatoclax overcomes the intrinsic resistance of MLL-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic to cell death.
Recombinant structures expand and contract inter and intragenic diversification at the KIR locus
Authors: Pyo Chul-Woo , Wang Ruihan , Vu Quyen , Cereb Nezih , Yang Soo Young , Duh Fuh-Mei , Wolinsky Steven , Martin Maureen P , Carrington Mary , Geraghty Daniel E
Published: February 2013

Background

The human KIR genes are arranged in at least six major gene-content haplotypes, all of which are combinations of four centromeric and two telomeric motifs. Several less frequent or minor haplotypes also exist, including insertions, deletions, and hybridization of KIR genes derived from the major haplotypes. These haplotype structures and their concomitant linkage disequilibrium among KIR genes suggest that more meaningful correlative data from studies of KIR genetics and complex disease may be achieved by measuring haplotypes of the KIR region in total.

Results

Towards that end, we developed a KIR haplotyping method that reports unambiguous combinations of KIR gene-content haplotypes, including both phase and copy number for each KIR. A total of 37 different gene content haplotypes were detected from 4,512 individuals and new sequence data was derived from haplotypes where the detailed structure was not previously available.

Conclusions

These new structures suggest a number of specific recombinant events during the course of KIR evolution, and add to an expanding diversity of potential new KIR haplotypes derived from gene duplication, deletion, and hybridization.
Large-scale proteomic analysis of the grapevine leaf apoplastic fluid reveals mainly stress-related proteins and cell wall modifying enzymes
Authors: Delaunois Bertrand , Colby Thomas , Belloy Nicolas , Conreux Alexandra , Harzen Anne , Baillieul Fabienne , Clément Christophe , Schmidt Jürgen , Jeandet Philippe , Cordelier Sylvain
Published: February 2013

Background

The extracellular space or apoplast forms a path through the whole plant and acts as an interface with the environment. The apoplast is composed of plant cell wall and space within which apoplastic fluid provides a means of delivering molecules and facilitates intercellular communications. However, the apoplastic fluid extraction fromin plantasystems remains challenging and this is particularly true for grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.), a worldwide-cultivated fruit plant. Large-scale proteomic analysis reveals the protein content of the grapevine leaf apoplastic fluid and the free interactive proteome map considerably facilitates the study of the grapevine proteome.

Results

To obtain a snapshot of the grapevine apoplastic fluid proteome, a vacuum-infiltration-centrifugation method was optimized to collect the apoplastic fluid from non-challenged grapevine leaves. Soluble apoplastic protein patterns were then compared to whole leaf soluble protein profiles by 2D-PAGE analyses. Subsequent MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry of tryptically digested protein spots was used to identify proteins. This large-scale proteomic analysis established a well-defined proteomic map of whole leaf and leaf apoplastic soluble proteins, with 223 and 177 analyzed spots, respectively. All data arising from proteomic, MS and MS/MS analyses were deposited in the public database world-2DPAGE. Prediction tools revealed a high proportion of (i) classical secreted proteins but also of non-classical secreted proteins namely Leaderless Secreted Proteins (LSPs) in the apoplastic protein content and (ii) proteins potentially involved in stress reactions and/or in cell wall metabolism.

Conclusions

This approach provides free online interactive reference maps annotating a large number of soluble proteins of the whole leaf and the apoplastic fluid of grapevine leaf. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed proteome study of grapevine apoplastic fluid providing a comprehensive overview of the most abundant proteins present in the apoplast of grapevine leaf that could be further characterized in order to elucidate their physiological function.
MiR-200c and HuR in ovarian cancer
Authors: Prislei Silvia , Martinelli Enrica , Mariani Marisa , Raspaglio Giuseppina , Sieber Steven , Ferrandina Gabriella , Shahabi Shohreh , Scambia Giovanni , Ferlini Cristiano
Published: February 2013

Background

MicroRNAs in solid malignancies can behave as predictors of either good or poor outcome. This is the case with members of the miR-200 family, which are the primary regulators of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and have been reported to act as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This study assessed the role of miR-200c as regulator of class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), a factor associated with drug-resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer.

Methods

Expression of miR-200c was assessed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines with inherent or acquired drug-resistance. Stable overexpression of miR-200c was obtained in A2780 and Hey cell lines. Crosslinking-coupled affinity purification method and ribonucleic-immunoprecipitation assay were used to characterise the complexes between miR-200c, HuR and 3′UTR region of TUBB3 mRNA. Nanofluidic technology and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of HuR, TUBB3 and miR-200c in 220 ovarian cancer patients.

Results

In a panel of ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, we observed a direct correlation between miR-200c expression and chemoresistance. In A2780 cells miR-200c targeted TUBB3 3′UTR, while a positive correlation was observed between miR-200c and TUBB3 expression in most of the other cell lines. Through the analysis of 3′UTR-associated complexes, we found that the miR-200c can increase the association of the RNA binding protein HuR with TUBB3 mRNA, whereas HuR binding enhanced TUBB3 mRNA translation. Most importantly, in our analysis on 220 ovarian cancer patients we observed that overexpression of miR-200c correlated with poor or good outcome depending on the cellular localization of HuR.

Conclusion

This study suggests a model for the combined regulatory activity of miR-200c and HuR on TUBB3 expression in ovarian cancer. When HuR is nuclear, high expression of miR-200c inhibits TUBB3 expression and results in a good prognosis, whereas when HuR occurs in cytoplasm, the same miRNA enhances TUBB3 expression and produces a poor outcome. These findings reveal the usefulness of multidimensional analysis in the investigation of the prognostic role of miRNA expression.
Multicellular tumor spheroid models to explore cell cycle checkpoints in 3D
Authors: Laurent Jennifer , Frongia Céline , Cazales Martine , Mondesert Odile , Ducommun Bernard , Lobjois Valérie
Published: February 2013

Background

MultiCellular Tumor Spheroid (MCTS) mimics the organization of a tumor and is considered as an invaluable model to study cancer cell biology and to evaluate new antiproliferative drugs. Here we report how the characteristics of MCTS in association with new technological developments can be used to explore the regionalization and the activation of cell cycle checkpoints in 3D.

Methods

Cell cycle and proliferation parameters were investigated in Capan-2 spheroids by immunofluorescence staining, EdU incorporation and using cells engineered to express Fucci-red and -green reporters.

Results

We describe in details the changes in proliferation and cell cycle parameters during spheroid growth and regionalization. We report the kinetics and regionalized aspects of cell cycle arrest in response to checkpoint activation induced by EGF starvation, lovastatin treatment and etoposide-induced DNA damage.

Conclusion

Our data present the power and the limitation of spheroids made of genetically modified cells to explore cell cycle checkpoints. This study paves the way for the investigation of molecular aspects and dynamic studies of the response to novel antiproliferative agents in 3D models.