bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening family planning stewardship with a total market approach: Mali, Uganda, and Kenya experiences
Authors: Cisek Cindi R. , Klein Kate , Koseki Sayaka , Wood Rob
Published: October 2018

To improve overall market sustainability, governments and their donors are ramping up efforts to strengthen stewardship in developing country health markets. Key stewardship functions include generating intelligence that enable policymakers, ministerial leaders, and program managers to develop evidence‐based policies and strategies to improve the resource management, supply, and use of health products and services. The total market approach (TMA), an analytic and policy framework, generates market intelligence and improves evidence‐based decision‐making, and also strengthens other stewardship functions, such as building and sustaining partnerships, strengthening tools for implementation, aligning government policy with market interventions, and ensuring accountability/transparency. TMA evolved in response to the phase out of donor support for reproductive health (RH) and family planning (FP) programs and the need to improve coordination among public, private, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society to achieve greater equity, health impact, and market sustainability. To assess TMA's role in strengthening the stewardship of RH/FP markets, this article reviews three countries that applied TMA principles: Mali, Uganda, and Kenya. It identifies how TMA processes influenced stewardship functions and assesses to what degree these processes have contributed to concrete actions to improve market efficiency and sustainability.
ARL4C stabilized by AKT/mTOR pathway promotes the invasion of PTEN‐deficient primary human glioblastoma
Authors: Chen Qian , Weng Hai‐Yan , Tang Xiao‐Peng , Lin Yong , Yuan Ye , Li Qian , Tang Zhuo , Wu Hai‐Bo , Yang Shuai , Li Yong , Zhao Xi‐Long , Fu Wen‐Juan , Niu Qin , Feng Hua , Zhang Xia , Wang Yan , Bian Xiu‐Wu , Yao Xiao‐Hong
Published: October 2018

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) deficiency in primary human glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis with unknown mechanisms. Therefore, how loss of PTEN promotes GBM progression remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identified that ADP‐ribosylation factor like‐4C (ARL4C) was highly expressed in PTEN‐deficient human GBM cells and tissues. Mechanistically, loss of PTEN stabilized ARL4C protein due to AKT/mTOR pathway‐mediated inhibition of ARL4C ubiquitination. Functionally, ARL4C enhanced the progression of GBM cellsin vitroandin vivo. Moreover, microarray profiling and GST pull‐down assay identified that ARL4C accelerated tumor progression via RAC1‐mediated filopodium formation. Importantly, targeting PTEN potently inhibited GBM tumor progressionin vitroandin vivo, whereas overexpression of ARL4C reversed the tumor progression impaired by PTEN overexpression. Clinically, analyses with patients' specimens validated a negative correlation between PTEN and ARL4C expression. Elevated ARL4C expression but PTEN deficiency in tumor was associated with poorer disease‐free survival and overall survival of GBM patients. Taken together, ARL4C is critical for PTEN‐deficient GBM progression and acts as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic candidate. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable detection of subchromosomal deletions and duplications using cell‐based noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Vossaert Liesbeth , Wang Qun , Salman Roseen , Zhuo Xinming , Qu Chunjing , Henke David , Seubert Ron , Chow Jennifer , U'ren Lance , Enright Brennan , Stilwell Jackie , Kaldjian Eric , Yang Yaping , Shaw Chad , Levy Brynn , Wapner Ronald , Breman Amy , Van den Veyver Ignatia , Beaudet Arthur
Published: October 2018

Objective

To gather additional data on the ability to detect subchromosomal abnormalities of various sizes in single fetal cells isolated from maternal blood, using low‐coverage shotgun next‐generation sequencing for cell‐based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).

Method

Fetal trophoblasts were recovered from approximately 30 mL of maternal blood using maternal white blood cell depletion, density‐based cell separation, immunofluorescence staining, and high‐resolution scanning. These trophoblastic cells were picked as single cells and underwent whole genome amplification for subsequent genome‐wide copy number analysis and genotyping to confirm the fetal origin of the cells.

Results

Applying our fetal cell isolation method to a series of 125 maternal blood samples, we detected on average 4.17 putative fetal cells/sample. The series included 15 cases with clinically diagnosed fetal aneuploidies and five cases with subchromosomal abnormalities. This method was capable of detecting findings that were 1 to 2 Mb in size, and all were concordant with the microarray or karyotype data obtained on a fetal sample. A minority of fetal cells showed evidence of genome degradation likely related to apoptosis.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that this cell‐based NIPT method has the capacity to reliably diagnose fetal chromosomal abnormalities down to 1 to 2 Mb in size.
MALDI–MSI Pilot Study Highlights Glomerular Deposits of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Possible Indicator of Response to Therapy in Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: L'Imperio Vincenzo , Smith Andrew , Ajello Elena , Piga Isabella , Stella Martina , Denti Vanna , Tettamanti Silvia , Sinico Renato Alberto , Pieruzzi Federico , Garozzo Maurizio , Vischini Gisella , Nebuloni Manuela , Pagni Fabio , Magni Fulvio
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and the disease course is characterized by the “rule of third”, with one‐third of patients experiencing complete remission and the remaining experiencing relapses or progression of the disease. Additionally, the therapeutic approach is not standardized, leading to further heterogeneity in terms of response and outcome.

Experimental design

In this pilot study, MALDI–MSI analysis is performed on renal biopsies (n = 13) obtained from two homogeneous groups of patients, which differentially responded to the immunosuppressive treatments (Ponticelli regimen).

Results

A signal at m/z 1303 displays the greatest discriminatory power when comparing the two groups and is observed to be of higher intensity in the glomeruli of the non‐responding patients. The corresponding tryptic peptide is identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Despite much effort being made in recent years to understand the pathogenesis of MN, a biomarker able to predict the outcome of these patients following therapeutic treatment is still lacking. Here, a protein (MIF), verified by immunohistochemistry, that can differentiate between these MN patients and could be a valuable starting point for a further study focused on verifying its predictive role in therapy response is highlighted.
Optimization of Nanopatterned Multilayer Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Spontaneous Light Emission Enhancement
Authors: Lu Dylan , Ferrari Lorenzo , Kan Jimmy J. , Fullerton Eric E. , Liu Zhaowei
Published: October 2018

Light emission processes can be modified through the Purcell effect near a metallic surface. Such effect relies on the matching between spontaneous emission spectra and surface plasmon resonances, and the latter is typically limited by the existing metal properties. Nanopatterned multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) with engineerable material property are promising in enhancing spontaneous emission rates at desired frequencies with improved far‐field radiative power. In this work, the authors study the optimization process for spontaneous emission enhancement by using nanopatterned HMMs. By theoretically investigating the Purcell effect on HMMs compared with traditional metals, the authors choose better material combinations for stronger Purcell enhancement. Different decay channels in the HMM are analyzed against the emitter distance and their wavelengths. Systematic optimization of achieving large emission intensity is demonstrated by comparing performance of nanopatterned HMMs with different geometry parameters. The promise in achieving light emission with both high decay rates and brightness has various potential applications including light‐emitting devices, single‐molecule detection, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering.
Light‐Trapping Front Textures for Solar Cells from Tailored Mixtures of Nanospheres: A Numerical Study
Authors: Nanz Stefan , Abass Aimi , Piechulla Peter M. , Sprafke Alexander , Wehrspohn Ralf B. , Rockstuhl Carsten
Published: October 2018

Highly efficient anti‐reflection textures for solar cells that allow a fabrication using a two‐step bottom‐up approach are reported. Hereby, nanospheres of tailored sizes are deposited as a monolayer on a substrate and the resulting height profile is used as a template for structuring the silicon surface. By applying these textures to crystalline silicon solar cells, it is numerically shown that such interfaces provide excellent broadband suppression of reflection while also enhancing the effective path‐length through oblique‐angle scattering into the medium. Reflectance values around 5% can be reached and sustained for incident angles up to 40°. The short‐circuit current density obtained with the disordered texture and assuming two‐pass absorption in 10 µm thick crystalline silicon reaches 25.3 mA cm−2, which is close to the corresponding value achievable with a Lambertian texture (27.9 mA cm−2). Considering the simplicity and low cost of the approach, these textures may serve as a promising alternative to other often used anti‐reflection textures, especially for large‐scale devices.
Local Structure Measurement Around Light Elements by Using Inverse Photoelectron Holography
Authors: Yamamoto Yuta , Kimura Koji , Ang Artoni K. R. , Matsushita Tomohiro , Hayashi Kouichi
Published: October 2018

The inverse mode of photoelectron holography (PEH) has a variety of major benefits compared with other atomic‐resolution holography techniques. One of the most significant is the ability to record holograms from emissions of light elements. We measured the O Kα holograms of Nb‐doped SrTiO3 using 1.5 and 20.0 keV incident electron beams and observed the differences in the holograms and atomic images between two different energies.
Plant‐derived alkaloid sinomenine potentiates glucocorticoid pharmacodynamics in mitogen‐activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by regulating the translocation of glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Xu Wencheng , Wang Xiaoqin , Tu Yuanchao , Masaki Hiroshi , Tanaka Sachiko , Onda Kenji , Sugiyama Kentaro , Yamada Haruki , Hirano Toshihiko
Published: October 2018

Sinomenine has been used as an antirheumatic drug in China. Glucocorticoid combined with sinomenine could be an alternative therapeutic approach. In this study, we evaluated the sinomenine potential effect on glucocorticoid pharmacodynamics in vitro using a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture system. We also disclosed the possible action mechanism of sinomenine with a focus on P‐glycoprotein function and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocation into nucleus. The median (range) of methylprednisolone IC50 values against the PBMC proliferation was 3.18 (0.45–6.81) ng/mL, whereas the median (range) IC50 values of methylprednisolone combined with 0.03, 0.3, 3, and 30 μM sinomenine were 1.85 (0.05–5.15), 0.83 (0.10–3.90), 0.56(0.09–1.62), and 0.59(0.05–1.30) ng/mL, respectively. Sinomenine significantly decreased the IC50 values of methylprednisolone and enhanced the immunosuppressive effect of methylprednisolone (p < 0.05). Sinomenine alone regulated the GR translocation in both Jurkat T cells and normal human PBMCs, and the combination of sinomenine and methylprednisolone showed stronger GR‐modulatory activity than methylprednisolone alone. Thus, the additive effect of sinomenine to promote the methylprednisolone immunosuppressive efficacy was suggested to be related to nuclear GR‐translocation. However, sinomenine did not significantly inhibit the P‐glycoprotein function in the activated PBMCs, suggesting that sinomenine's additive effect seemed to be unrelated with the P‐glycoprotein inhibition.
A case study in engineering model validation using new wavelet‐based methods
Authors: Hill Raymond R. , Rupp Cara C. , Jones Kaitlyn M. , Atkinson Andrew D.
Published: October 2018

Simulation model validation is an important part of simulation development and use. An emerging challenge is the examination of functional data systems and the validation of the simulations built to represent them. While validation methods do exist, there is a gap in the engineering and statistical approaches used for functional model validation. This case study demonstrates the use of recently developed methods based on the use of wavelets to bridge the engineering‐statistical gap in functional simulation model validation. Two methods are used to provide insight regarding model validity, and a third method is used to identify areas of system‐simulation disagreement when model validity fails to hold.
Estimation of road frictional force and wheel slip for effective antilock braking system (ABS) control
Authors: Rajendran Sulakshan , Spurgeon Sarah K , Tsampardoukas Georgios , Hampson Ric
Published: October 2018

The introduction of electric braking via brake‐by‐wire systems in electric vehicles) has reduced the high transportation delays usually involved in conventional friction braking systems. This has facilitated the design of more efficient and advanced control schemes for antilock braking systems (ABSs). However, accurate estimation of the tire‐road friction coefficient, which cannot be measured directly, is required. This paper presents a review of existing estimation methods, focusing on sliding‐mode techniques, followed by the development of a novel friction estimation technique, which is used to design an efficient ABS control system. This is a novel slip‐based estimation method, which accommodates the coupling between the vehicle dynamics, wheel dynamics, and suspension dynamics in a cascaded structure. A higher‐order sliding‐mode observer–based scheme is designed, considering the nonlinear relationship between friction and slip. A first‐order sliding‐mode observer is also designed based on a purely linear relationship. A key feature of the proposed estimation schemes is the inclusion of road slope and the effective radius of the tire as an estimated state. These parameters impact significantly on the accuracy of slip and friction estimation. The performance of the proposed estimation schemes are validated and benchmarked against a Kalman filter (KF) by a series of simulation tests. It is demonstrated that the sliding‐mode observer paradigm is an important tool in developing the next generation ABS systems for electric vehicles.
Modified power prior with multiple historical trials for binary endpoints
Authors: Banbeta Akalu , van Rosmalen Joost , Dejardin David , Lesaffre Emmanuel
Published: October 2018

Including historical data may increase the power of the analysis of a current clinical trial and reduce the sample size of the study. Recently, several Bayesian methods for incorporating historical data have been proposed. One of the methods consists of specifying a so‐called power prior whereby the historical likelihood is downweighted with a weight parameter. When the weight parameter is also estimated from the data, the modified power prior (MPP) is needed. This method has been used primarily when a single historical trial is available. We have adapted the MPP for incorporating multiple historical control arms into a current clinical trial, each with a separate weight parameter. Three priors for the weights are considered: (1) independent, (2) dependent, and (3) robustified dependent. The latter is developed to account for the possibility of a conflict between the historical data and the current data. We analyze two real‐life data sets and perform simulation studies to compare the performance of competing Bayesian methods that allow to incorporate historical control patients in the analysis of a current trial. The dependent power prior borrows more information from comparable historical studies and thereby can improve the statistical power. Robustifying the dependent power prior seems to protect against prior‐data conflict.
Rationally Designed Monodisperse Gd2O3/Bi2S3 Hybrid Nanodots for Efficient Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Lv Xiaoyan , Wang Xue , Li Ting , Wei Chaogang , Tang Yong'an , Yang Tao , Wang Qiaoli , Yang Xiangliang , Chen Huabing , Shen Junkang , Yang Hong , Ke Hengte
Published: October 2018

Multifunctional nanotheranostic agents are of particular importance in the field of precise nanomedicine. However, a critical challenge remains in the rational fabrication of monodisperse multicomponent nanoparticles with enhanced multifunctional characteristics for efficient cancer theranostics. Here, a rational and facile synthesis of monodisperse Gd2O3/Bi2S3 hybrid nanodots (Gd/Bi‐NDs) is demonstrated as a multifunctional nanotheranostic agent using a albumin nanoreactor for computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustics (PA)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and simultaneous photothermal tumor ablation. Two nanoprecipitation reactions in one albumin nanoreactor are simultaneously conducted to generate ultrasmall Gd/Bi‐NDs with both orthorhombic Bi2S3 and cubic Gd2O3 nanostructures. Their hybrid nanostructure generates distinctly enhanced longitudinal relaxivity in the spatially confined albumin nanocage as compared to monocomponent Gd2O3 nanodots. Moreover, such hybrid nanodots possess multiple desirable characteristics including superior photobleaching resistance, efficient cellular uptake, preferable tumor accumulation, good in vivo clearance, and negligible acute toxicity, thereby leading to complementary PA/CT/MR imaging with spatial and anatomic characteristics, as well as effective photothermal tumor ablation without regrowth. These results represent a promising approach to fabricate monodisperse multicomponent nanotheranostic agents for efficient cancer theranostics.
Detection and Inhibition of Bacteria on a Dual‐Functional Silver Platform
Authors: Vedarethinam Vadanasundari , Huang Lin , Xu Wei , Zhang Ru , Gurav Deepanjali D. , Sun Xuming , Yang Jing , Chen Ruoping , Qian Kun
Published: October 2018

Detection and inhibition of bacteria are universally required in clinics and daily life for health care. Developing a dual‐functional material is challenging and in demand, engaging advanced applications for both defined bioanalysis and targeted biotoxicity. Herein, magnetic silver nanoshells are designed as a multifunctional platform for the detection and inhibition of bacteria. The optimized magnetic silver nanoshells enable direct laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry based metabolic analysis of bacteria (≈10 µL−1), in complex biofluids. The serum infection process (0–10 h) is monitored by statistics toward clinical classification. Moreover, magnetic silver nanoshells facilitate surface adhesion on bacteria due to nanoscale surface roughness and thus display long‐term antibacterial effects. Bacteria metabolism is studied with metabolic biomarkers (e.g., malate and lysine) identified during inhibition, showing cell membrane destruction and dysfunctional protein synthesis mechanisms. This work not only guides the design of material‐based approaches for bioanalysis and biotoxicity, but contributes to bacteria‐related diagnosis by using specific metabolic biomarkers for sensitive detection and new insights by monitoring metabolomic change of bacteria for antibacterial applications.
Fabrication of 3D Hierarchical Byttneria Aspera‐Like Ni@Graphitic Carbon Yolk–Shell Microspheres as Bifunctional Catalysts for Ultraefficient Oxidation/Reduction of Organic Contaminants
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Xu Dan , Wang Qiong , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2018

The search for earth‐abundant, low‐cost, recyclable, multifunctional as well as highly active catalysts remains the most pressing demand for heterogeneous catalytic elimination of pollutants in water environment remediation. Herein, a porous graphitic carbon‐encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (NPs) hybrid (Ni@GC) is designed/constructed by direct pyrolysis of a Ni‐based metal−organic framework (MOF) in N2. The resulting Ni@GC exhibits a unique 3D hierarchical byttneria aspera‐like yolk–shell structure with a high surface area, abundant active sites as well as good microwave (MW)‐absorbing performance. The outstanding MW‐driven oxidation of norfloxacin to inorganic molecules and direct catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to less toxic and more useful chemical raw material (4‐aminophenol) can originate from the synergistic effects, including the presence of both zero‐valent Ni NPs as the active center and graphitic carbon as the protective layer/electron acceptor as well as unique porous yolk‐void‐shell structure, which facilitates the MW energy‐harvesting and/or rapid mass transfer of the reactant/product in the channels and cavities. Accordingly, the localized surface plasmon resonance–excitation and electronic relay mechanism are proposed to account for the catalytic oxidation/reduction, respectively. This work provides a new strategy for the design/assembly of multifunctional metal@GC hybrids with a unique architecture and elucidates new opportunities for remediation of environmental water.
Parallel Fabrication of Self‐Assembled Nanogaps for Molecular Electronic Devices
Authors: Eklöf‐Österberg Johnas , Gschneidtner Tina , Tebikachew Behabitu , Lara‐Avila Samuel , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper
Published: October 2018

Single molecule electronics might be a way to add additional function to nanoscale devices and continue miniaturization beyond current state of the art. Here, a combined top‐down and bottom‐up strategy is employed to assemble single molecules onto prefabricated electrodes. Protodevices, which are self‐assembled nanogaps composed by two gold nanoparticles linked by a single or a few molecules, are guided onto top‐down prefabricated nanosized nickel electrodes with sandwiched palladium layers. It is shown that an optimized geometry of multilayered metallic (top‐down) electrodes facilitates the assembly of (bottom‐up) nanostructures by surface charge interactions. Moreover, such assembly process results in an electrode–nanoparticle interface free from linking molecules that enable electrical measurements to probe electron transport properties of the nanoparticle–molecule–nanoparticle protodevices.
The Role of Information Acquisition and Processing in Decision‐Making by Individual within Insects Colonies
Authors: Cruz Dávila Patrícia Ferreira , Maia Renato Dourado , Xavier Rafael Silveira , De Castro Leandro Nunes
Published: October 2018

Insects usually present simple behaviours, but their information processing abilities result in complex collective behaviours, allowing them to perform task allocation and solve difficult problems. Biologists have invested efforts to better understand the mechanisms that govern the behaviour of social insects at the individual level and that allow the emergence of complex behaviours at the colony level. Based on biological researches, we identify the main mechanisms used to acquire different types of information and how this information is processed and used in decision‐making. We present Information Acquisition as an essential stage for Information Processing, focusing on external and internal information sources and exploring examples of information processing performed by insects. A better understanding of information processing and collective behavior in nature is the basis for the understanding of how computing is realized in insect societies, as well for new insights to develop more effective computational approaches inspired by social insects. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disseminated tuberculosis in a cow and a dromedary bull‐camel in Zamfara State in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmad Ibrahim , Kudi Caleb A. , Magaji Abdullahi A. , Yakubu Yusuf , Salisu Mansur D. , Shuaibu Samuel , Daninna Zaharadden M.
Published: October 2018

In 2017, cases of generalized tuberculosis (TB) were identified in a cow and a bull‐camel, slaughtered at the Gusau abattoir in Zamfara State Nigeria. The objective of this study was to identify the cause of the gross pathology on the account of disseminated lesions widely distributed in different body parts of the animals. Tissue samples were analysed using Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stain and region of difference (RD) deletion typing. Results obtained by laboratory investigations revealed infection with acid‐fast tubercle bacilli in affected tissues from the cow and the dromedary bull‐camel. This study presents the first molecular evidence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in a Nigerian dromedary camel, demonstrated the ease of identification of the acid‐fast bacilli using molecular method which improves diagnosis and can aid epidemiological studies.
Relaxion and light (pseudo)scalars at the HL-LHC and lepton colliders
Authors: Frugiuele Claudia , Fuchs Elina , Perez Gilad , Schlaffer Matthias
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We study the potential of future lepton colliders, running at the Z-pole and above, and the High-Luminosity LHC to search for the relaxion and other light scalars ϕ. We investigate the interplay of direct searches and precision observables for both

$$ \mathcal{C}\mathcal{P} $$

C
P

-even and -odd couplings. In particular, precision measurements of exotic Z-decays, Higgs couplings, the exotic Higgs decay into a relaxion pair and associated Zϕ and γϕ production are promising channels to yield strong bounds.
Entanglement of purification for multipartite states and its holographic dual
Authors: Umemoto Koji , Zhou Yang
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We introduce a new information-theoretic measure of multipartite correlations Δ
P
, by generalizing the entanglement of purification to multipartite states. We provide proofs of its various properties, focusing on several entropic inequalities, in generic quantum systems. In particular, it turns out that the multipartite entanglement of purification gives an upper bound on multipartite mutual information, which is a generalization of quantum mutual information in the spirit of relative entropy. After that, motivated by a tensor network description of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we conjecture a holographic dual of multipartite entanglement of purification Δ
W
, as a sum of minimal areas of codimension-2 surfaces which divide the entanglement wedge into multi-pieces. We prove that this geometrical quantity satisfies all properties we proved for the multipartite entanglement of purification. These agreements strongly support the Δ
P
= Δ
W
conjecture. We also show that the multipartite entanglement of purification is larger than multipartite squashed entanglement, which is a promising measure of multipartite quantum entanglement. We discuss potential saturation of multipartite squashed entanglement onto multipartite mutual information in holographic CFTs and its applications.
PRESERVATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES IN INTUITIONISTIC EXTENSIONS OF AN INFERENCE RELATION
Authors: SANDQVIST TOR
Published: October 2018

The article approaches cut elimination from a new angle. On the basis of an arbitrary inference relation among logically atomic formulae, an inference relation on a language possessing logical operators is defined by means of inductive clauses similar to the operator-introducing rules of a cut-free intuitionistic sequent calculus. The logical terminology of the richer language is not uniquely specified, but assumed to satisfy certain conditions of a general nature, allowing for, but not requiring, the existence of infinite conjunctions and disjunctions. We investigate to what extent structural properties of the given atomic relation are preserved through the extension to the full language. While closure under the Cut rule narrowly construed is not in general thus preserved, two properties jointly amounting to closure under the ordinary structural rules, including Cut, are.

Attention is then narrowed down to the special case of a standard first-order language, where a similar result is obtained also for closure under substitution of terms for individual parameters. Taken together, the three preservation results imply the familiar cut-elimination theorem for pure first-order intuitionistic sequent calculus.

In the interest of conceptual economy, all deducibility relations are specified purely inductively, rather than in terms of the existence of formal proofs of any kind.
THE RAMIFIED ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY USING EXTENDED LOGICS
Authors: WELCH PHILIP D.
Published: October 2018

The use of Extended Logics to replace ordinary second order definability in Kleene’s Ramified Analytical Hierarchy is investigated. This mirrors a similar investigation of Kennedy, Magidor and Väänänen [11] where Gödel’s universe L of constructible sets is subjected to similar variance. Enhancing second order definability allows models to be defined which may or may not coincide with the original Kleene hierarchy in domain. Extending the logic with game quantifiers, and assuming strong axioms of infinity, we obtain minimal correct models of analysis. A wide spectrum of models can be so generated from abstract definability notions: one may take an abstract Spector Class and extract an extended logic for it. The resultant structure is then a minimal model of the given kind of definability.
The Mythical Value of Voice and Stewardship in the EU Directive on Long-term Shareholder Engagement: Rights Do Not an Engaged Shareholder Make
Authors: AHERN Deirdre
Published: October 2018

Through the lens of assessing the likely regulatory impact of the 2017 EU Directive on Long-term Shareholder Engagement and its amendments to the 2007 Directive on Shareholder Rights, this article considers the mythical voice and stewardship role attributed by the EU to shareholders as active corporate governance gatekeepers and drivers of its long-term sustainability agenda. It identifies limitations of the Directive itself and practical challenges concerning the provisions on shareholder identification, executive pay, related party transactions, proxy advisors and shareholder engagement policies. It is argued that there is a considerable normative gap between the EU narrative of engagement and the challenge of engaging shareholders away from self-interest and rational apathy to fulfil a stewardship role.
Outside Insiders: Does Access to Information Prior to an IPO Generate a Trading Advantage After the IPO?
Authors: Ozmel Umit , Trombley Timothy E. , Yavuz M. Deniz
Published: October 2018

We investigate whether access to information prior to an initial public offering (IPO) generates a trading advantage after the IPO. We find that limited partners (LPs) of lead venture capital funds obtain high returns when they invest in newly listed stocks backed by their funds. These returns are not explained by LPs’ differing stock-picking abilities, and they are higher when LPs’ information advantage over the public is higher. LPs are more likely to invest if they have an information advantage, and access to information eliminates the familiarity bias that they display otherwise.
Trichodinid infections in internal organs of shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) collected around an industrial harbour in Nuuk, Greenland
Authors: Dang Mai , Basson Linda , Bach Lis , Sonne Christian , Nørregaard Rasmus , Nowak Barbara
Published: October 2018

Trichodinids are parasites generally found on gills and skin of a broad number of aquatic animals. Only a small number of endozoic species has been reported from the urinary tract, intestine and urogenital system in some fish, amphibians and molluscs. This is the first report on the presence of endozoic trichodinids in the spleen, kidney and liver of shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). In the present study, trichodinids displayed some of the typical morphological characteristics of endozoic trichodinids with narrow blades and straight rays of adhesive disc denticles. The parasites were observed at a relatively high prevalence (23.9%). There was a positive correlation between intensity of endozoic trichodinids in the internal organs and ectozoic trichodinids on the gills (R = 0.5, n = 46, P < 0.001) whereas there was no correlation between intensity of endozoic trichodinids and the host's body length, body weight or liver weight. Infection levels of endozoic trichodinids were not dependent upon sculpin sex and there was no effect of sampling locations on prevalence and intensity of endozoic trichodinids.
Cigarette smoking and personality: interrogating causality using Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Sallis Hannah M. , Davey Smith George , Munafò Marcus R.
Published: October 2018

Background

Despite the well-documented association between smoking and personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion, little is known about the potential causal nature of these findings. If it were possible to unpick the association between personality and smoking, it may be possible to develop tailored smoking interventions that could lead to both improved uptake and efficacy.

Methods

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants robustly associated with both smoking phenotypes and personality traits. Here we use publicly available GWAS summary statistics in addition to individual-level data from UK Biobank to investigate the link between smoking and personality. We first estimate genetic overlap between traits using LD score regression and then use bidirectional Mendelian randomisation methods to unpick the nature of this relationship.

Results

We found clear evidence of a modest genetic correlation between smoking behaviours and both neuroticism and extraversion. We found some evidence that personality traits are causally linked to certain smoking phenotypes: among current smokers each additional neuroticism risk allele was associated with smoking an additional 0.07 cigarettes per day (95% CI 0.02–0.12, p = 0.009), and each additional extraversion effect allele was associated with an elevated odds of smoking initiation (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.01–1.02, p = 9.6 × 10−7).

Conclusion

We found some evidence for specific causal pathways from personality to smoking phenotypes, and weaker evidence of an association from smoking initiation to personality. These findings could be used to inform future smoking interventions or to tailor existing schemes.
Older people's experiences of everyday travel in the urban environment: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Graham Hilary , de Bell Sian , Flemming Kate , Sowden Amanda , White Piran , Wright Kath
Published: October 2018

Compared to younger age groups, older people spend more time in their locality and rely more heavily on its pedestrian and public transport infrastructure. Qualitative studies provide unique insight into people's experiences. We conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis of United Kingdom-based studies of older people's experiences of travelling in the urban environment. We searched health, social science, age-related and transport-related databases from 1998 to 2017. Fourteen papers (from 12 studies) were included in a thematic synthesis, a three-staged process that moves iteratively between codes, descriptive themes and cross-cutting analytical themes. Emerging themes were discussed with policy advisers. Four overarching themes were identified. The first and second theme pointed to the importance of ‘getting out’ and of being independent travellers. The third and fourth themes highlighted how local environments and travel systems enabled (or prevented) older people from realising these valued dimensions of travel. The loss of local amenities and micro-environmental features, such as pavement quality, personal safety and aesthetic appearance, were recurrent concerns. Free modes of travel like walking and bus travel were highly valued, including the social engagement they facilitated. Our review suggests that, while its extrinsic value (reaching destinations) matters, the intrinsic value of travel matters too. The process of travel is experienced and enjoyed for its own sake, with older people describing its contribution to their wellbeing.
עיונים בביאורו של ר' אליעזר אשכנזי לסיפור גן העדן: בין פרשנות להגות
Authors: אוחנה מיכל
Published: October 2018

ר' אליעזר אשכנזי נולד בשנת רע"ג (1513) לאביו ר' אליה הרופא מונציה, ובצעירותו נסע לסלוניקי. באותה העת, גלי הגירה של יהודים אשכנזים ויוצאי חצי האי האיברי הביאו לגידול אוכלוסין משמעותי בקהילה היהודית בסלוניקי. הימצאותם של תלמידי חכמים נודעים, מוסדות גבוהים ללימוד תורה, אוספי ספרים, וסביבה תומכת מבחינה כלכלית הפכו את סלוניקי למוקד משיכה ללומדי תורה, בין היתר מאיטליה. בתי מדרש אלו הכשירו חכמים לכהן כרבנים וכמרביצי תורה בקהילות הפריפריה. היצירה התורנית הקיפה תחומים רבים ומגוונים והתסיסה האינטלקטואלית הקיפה את כל שכבות העם. ר' יוסף טאיטאצאק, אשר בבית מדרשו עשה אשכנזי את עיקר לימודו, היה לראש מעמד יחידי בסלוניקי.
The Prayer House of a Galician Maskil: Joseph Perl's Synagogue Regulations
Authors: Manekin Rachel
Published: October 2018

One of the markers of the emerging Reform movement in the first quarter of the nineteenth century was the publication of synagogue regulations that introduced new norms of decorum and, occasionally, slight changes in the prayer service. Scholarly discussions of the first synagogue regulations have been limited to the available published regulations, namely, the Westphalian (1810) and Amsterdam's Adat Jesurun regulations (1809). The recently discovered regulations composed by Joseph Perl for his synagogue in Tarnopol (1815) enable us for the first time to consider an east European perspective for understanding the different varieties of the new trend of synagogue innovations in the early nineteenth century. In addition to an analysis of Perl's regulations, the following article explains the circumstances in which Perl's synagogue project took shape, and highlights the historiographical significance of his synagogue regulations. I argue that Perl may be credited as the first to suggest a religious path that was both traditionalist and modern, a path that later characterized the synagogue innovations in several Habsburg cities. An English translation of the regulations is provided in an appendix.
Statistical Model and Performance Evaluation of a GNSS Spoofing Detection Method based on the Consistency of Doppler and Pseudorange Positioning Results
Authors: Chu Fengkui , Li Hong , Wen Jian , Lu Mingquan
Published: October 2018

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) safety issues of have been of concern for some time. Spoofing attacks have received much attention as they can be difficult to detect and have the potential to cause disruption at best and major damage in extremis. To mitigate such threats, a spoofing detection method based on the consistency check of Doppler positioning fixes and pseudorange positioning fixes is proposed. The primary contributions of this paper include establishing a Generalised Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT)-based statistical detection model for the introduced spoofing detection method and efficiently improving the accuracy of the Doppler positioning method as well as the performance of the detection approach by a modified α-filter-based Doppler smoothing technique. Theoretical performance of the proposed detection model is analysed. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to verify the theoretical analysis. Moreover, grounded on the developed test statistic and the optimised threshold, a consistency check module was specifically realised in both software defined and real-time GNSS receivers. Additionally, a Doppler smoothing technique was applied to the receivers. Spoofing attack experiments on both software defined and real-time platforms validated the effectiveness of the statistical spoofing detection model.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Ionospheric Anomalies before the Mw7·1 Van Earthquake on 23 October 2011
Authors: Şentürk Erman , Livaoğlu Hamdullah , Çepni Murat Selim
Published: October 2018

In this study, possible ionospheric precursors of the Mw7·1 Van earthquake are investigated with temporal, spatial and spectral analyses. For this purpose, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data of 11 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and 17 Turkish National Permanent Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Network (TNPGN-Active) stations were utilised. In addition, Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) data produced by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) was used to obtain GIM-vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) values for the epicentre. The results of the temporal and spectral analysis indicate an increase (2–8 Total Electron Content Units (TECU)) before the Van earthquake occurred on 9 October, 15–16 October and 21–23 October within 15 days, 8–9 days and 1–3 days prior to the earthquake. The Cross-Wavelet Transform (CWT) method was used to examine the presence of correlation between noticeable variations and space-weather. It is deduced from the CWT analysis that the anomalies should originate from either solar effects or the Van earthquake due to coupling between the F10·7 solar activity index and TEC variations on the anomaly days. The results demonstrate that interdisciplinary approaches and various methods including frequency domain could be used to determine the presence of an earthquake-related anomaly in the ionosphere accurately.
Social Dominance Orientation and Discrimination against People with Schizophrenia: Evidence of Medicalization and Dangerousness Beliefs as Legitimizing Myths
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios , Apostolidis Thémis
Published: October 2018

Medicalizing beliefs about schizophrenia (biogenetic causes and psychiatric labels) are connected to the belief that people with schizophrenia are dangerous and to discriminating intentions towards them. In this research, we draw on the Social Dominance theory and we examine these beliefs as legitimizing myths that are connected to the individuals’ social dominance orientation (SDO) and that legitimize discrimination. In total, 238 Humanities students participated in the current research (Mage = 20.4; SD = 3.03; 107 male and 131 female). A vignette presenting a person with schizophrenia symptoms that offered no labels or explanations about the depicted person’s condition was presented to research participants. A structural equation modeling analysis was carried out, in order to confirm our hypotheses in accordance with social dominance theory. Participants’ social dominance orientation (SDO) was associated with higher endorsement of medicalizing (β = .16, p < .01) and dangerousness beliefs (β = .22, p < .001). In turn, medicalizing beliefs were connected to dangerousness (β = .21, p < .001) and higher discriminating intentions, both for desired social distance (β = .15, p < .05) and for deprivation of sociopolitical rights (β = .14, p < .05). Dangerousness was highly associated with both these measures (β = .28, p < .001 and β = 43, p < .001 respectively) while SDO was not significantly associated with discriminating intentions. Our model showed good fit to the data. This study confirms the role of SDO in schizophrenia stigma and the fact that ideological and power factors underpin the stigma of schizophrenia.
The “Natural Ally” of the “Developing World”: Bulgarian Culture in India and Mexico
Authors: Dragostinova Theodora
Published: October 2018

This article examines Bulgarian cultural relations with India and Mexico in the 1970s to explore the role of cultural diplomacy in the relationship between the Second and the Third Worlds during the Cold War. In 1975, Liudmila Zhivkova, the daughter of the Bulgarian leader, became the head of the Committee for Culture; under her patronage, Bulgarian officials organized literally hundreds of exhibitions, concerts, academic conferences, book readings, cultural weeks, and visits that involved the three countries in an intense cultural romance. Even though Bulgaria was known as the “Soviet master satellite,” culture provided a considerable level of independence in Bulgarian dealings with international actors, which often caused Soviet irritation. In the end, by using culture, in addition to political and economic aid, Bulgaria managed to forge its role as an intermediary between the Second World and the Global South, and to project its notions of development on a global scene.
Ivo Andrić: Against National Mythopoesis
Authors: Antić Marina
Published: October 2018

The national narrative spun around Ivo Andrić has held firm in both academic circles and popular imagination, despite several comprehensive attempts at correcting appropriations of his oeuvre for national narratives. This article critiques nationalist readings of Andrić by showing how in his most famous novel,The Bridge on the Drina,key passages most often associated with nationalist appropriation speak against rather than for national mythopoesis. Antić does so by re-focusing on the literary rather than historiographic reading of the novel, which is to say, by analyzing narrative strategies that illuminate Andrić’s resistance to nineteenth-century romantic nationalism. In particular, Antić focuses on the scene of Radisav's impalement in order to unravel its many misinterpretations, from those that see in this scene the portrayal of Serbian national victimization and thus a justification for the 1990s genocidal war, to the ones that stay within the fictional text but still overlook ways in which Andrić qualifies the mythical/epic view of Radisav's execution. Antić shows instead that Andrić uses this scene, among others in this novel, to disrupt epic narrative models that underwrite much of South Slavic national invention of tradition, and thus challenge rather than affirm national(istic) models of Bosnian history.
Insight Into Frontal Seismogenic Zone in the Mentawai Locked Region From Seismic Full Waveform Inversion of Ultralong Offset Streamer Data
Authors: Qin Yanfang , Singh Satish C.
Published: October 2018

Sumatra subduction zone is one of the most seismically active zones on Earth. After having produced three Mw > 8.4 earthquakes and several Mw > 7.5 earthquakes, including the Mw = 7.8 2010 tsunami earthquake, the northern Mentawai segment is still locked and is capable of generating a great earthquake, possibly a disastrous tsunami. We analyzed ultralong offset seismic reflection data from this locked zone to characterize the nature of the accretionary prism and the plate interface using a combination of traveltime tomography, full waveform inversion, and prestack depth migration. In order to enhance the refractions, we downward extrapolate the streamer data to the seafloor, allowing the refraction arrivals to be observed from near‐zero offset up to far offset, and use a traveltime tomography to determine the background velocity in the upper sediments. Starting from these velocities, we perform a multiscale elastic full waveform inversion to determine the detailed P wave velocity structure of the subsurface. Based on this velocity, we perform a prestack depth migration to obtain seismic image in the depth domain and compute the porosity of the sediments to determine fluid content along faults. Our results show a low‐velocity subduction channel with high porosity at the plate interface that connects the likely active frontal thrusts at the toe of accretionary wedge, suggesting that the frontal section of the prism is seismogenic. We have also observed a low‐velocity layer in the middle of wedge separating old sediments below from new sediments above, defining the roots of bivergent thrust faults up to the seafloor, which can be interpreted as a psudo‐décollement.