bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of blade pitch angle on the aerodynamic characteristics of a twisted blade horizontal axis wind turbine based on numerical simulations
Authors: Roul Rajendra , Kumar Awadhesh
Published: March 2021

The present work includes a study of the impact of varying pitch angles and angular velocity on the performance parameters of a horizontal axis wind turbine using computational fluid dynamics. Simulations have been made using commercial Ansys 15 software. Seven pitch angles are chosen for study, i.e., 0° , 5 ° , 10° , 15° , 20° , 25° , and 28°, and two angular velocity values of 1.57 rad/sec and 2.22 rad/sec are used for simulation. The turbulence model used is shear stress transport (SST) K-ω. A detailed study of the influence of pitch angle on the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine is highlighted. Performance parameters like torque and power have been found to exhibit random variability with a change in wind velocity and pitch angle. The verification of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the standard empirical formula is highlighted. The best pitch angle is noted for the best power coefficient.
Deep Neural Network Approach for Continuous ECG‐Based Automated External Defibrillator Shock Advisory System During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Hajeb‐M Shirin , Cascella Alicia , Valentine Matt , Chon K. H.
Published: March 2021

Background

Because chest compressions induce artifacts in the ECG, current automated external defibrillators instruct the user to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while an automated rhythm analysis is performed. It has been shown that minimizing interruptions in CPR increases the chance of survival.

Methods and Results

The objective of this study was to apply a deep‐learning algorithm using convolutional layers, residual networks, and bidirectional long short‐term memory method to classify shockable versus nonshockable rhythms in the presence and absence of CPR artifact. Forty subjects' data from Physionet with 1131 shockable and 2741 nonshockable samples contaminated with 43 different CPR artifacts that were acquired from a commercial automated external defibrillator during asystole were used. We had separate data as train and test sets. Using our deep neural network model, the sensitivity and specificity of the shock versus no‐shock decision for the entire data set over the 4‐fold cross‐validation sets were 95.21% and 86.03%, respectively. This result was based on the training and testing of the model using ECG data in both the presence and the absence of CPR artifact. For ECG without CPR artifact, the sensitivity was 99.04% and the specificity was 95.2%. A sensitivity of 94.21% and a specificity of 86.14% were obtained for ECG with CPR artifact. In addition to 4‐fold cross‐validation sets, we also examined leave‐one‐subject‐out validation. The sensitivity and specificity for the case of leave‐one‐subject‐out validation were 92.71% and 97.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed trained model can make shock versus nonshock decision in automated external defibrillators, regardless of CPR status. The results meet the American Heart Association's sensitivity requirement (>90%).
The End of Apocalypticism: from Burton Mack’s Jesus to North American Liberalism
Authors: Crossley James
Published: March 2021

This article takes a different look at the work of Burton Mack on apocalypticism and the post-historical Jesus crystallisation of the Christian ‘myth of innocence’ in terms of the social history of scholarship. After a critical assessment of previous receptions of Mack’s work from the era of the ‘Jesus wars’, there is a discussion of Mack’s place in broader cross-disciplinary tendencies in the study of apocalypticism with reference to the influence of liberal and Marxist approaches generally and those of Norman Cohn and Eric Hobsbawm specifically. Mack’s approach to apocalypticism should be seen as a thoroughgoing updating of Cold War liberal constructions of apocalypticism for an era of American ‘culture wars’, from Reagan to Trump. Part of this updating has also meant that, while much of his work against the apocalyptic Christian myth of innocence has been explicitly aimed at the de-legitimising the Right, it also continues the old Cold War intellectual battles by implicitly de-legitimising anything deemed excessively Marxist.
Drought Variability over the Conterminous United States for the Past Century
Authors: Su Lu , Cao Qian , Xiao Mu , Mocko David M. , Barlage Michael , Li Dongyue , Peters-Lidard Christa D. , Lettenmaier Dennis P.
Published: March 2021

We examine the drought variability over the conterminous United States (CONUS) for 1915–2018 using the Noah-MP land surface model. We examine different model options on drought reconstruction, including optional representation of groundwater and dynamic vegetation phenology. Over our 104-yr reconstruction period, we identify 12 great droughts that each covered at least 36% of CONUS and lasted for at least 5 months. The great droughts tend to have smaller areas when groundwater and/or dynamic vegetation are included in the model configuration. We detect a small decreasing trend in dry area coverage over CONUS in all configurations. We identify 45 major droughts in the baseline (with a dry area coverage greater than 23.6% of CONUS) that are, on average, somewhat less severe than great droughts. We find that representation of groundwater tends to increase drought duration for both great and major droughts, primarily by leading to earlier drought onset (some due to short-lived recovery from a previous drought) or later demise (groundwater anomalies lag precipitation anomalies). In contrast, representation of dynamic vegetation tends to shorten major droughts duration, primarily due to earlier drought demise (closed stoma or dead vegetation reduces ET loss during droughts). On a regional basis, the U.S. Southwest (Southeast) has the longest (shortest) major drought durations. Consistent with earlier work, dry area coverage in all subregions except the Southwest has decreased. The effects of groundwater and dynamic vegetation vary regionally due to differences in groundwater depths (hence connectivity with the surface) and vegetation types.
Anterior-posterior view by full-body digital X-ray to rule out severe spinal injuries in Polytraumatized patients
Authors: Häckel Sonja , Hofmann Elena , Anwander Helen , Albers Christoph E. , Basedow Jasmin , Bigdon Sebastian F. , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Keel Marius J. B. , Dunn Robert N. , Maqungo Sithombo , Benneker Lorin M. , Held Michael , Hoppe Sven
Published: March 2021

Background

Spinal injuries are present in 16–31% of polytraumatized patients. Rapid identification of spinal injuries requiring immobilization or operative treatment is essential. The Lodox-Statscan (LS) has evolved into a promising time-saving diagnostic tool to diagnose life-threatening injuries with an anterior-posterior (AP)-full-body digital X-ray.

Methods

We aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy and the interrater reliability of AP-LS to detect spinal injuries in polytraumatized patients. Therefore, within 3 years, AP-LS of polytraumatized patients (ISS ≥ 16) were retrospectively analyzed by three independent observers. The sensitivity and specificity of correct diagnosis with AP-LS compared to CT scan were calculated. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by using the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) for sensitivity and specificity. Interrater reliability between the three observers was calculated using Fleiss’ Kappa. The sensitivity of AP-LS was further analyzed by the severity of spinal injuries.

Results

The study group included 320 patients (48.5 years ±19.5, 89 women). On CT scan, 207 patients presented with a spinal injury (65%, total of 332 injuries). AP-LS had a low sensitivity of 9% (31 of 332, range 0–24%) and high specificity of 99% (range 98–100%). The sensitivity was highest for thoracic spinal injuries (14%). The interrater reliability was slight (κ = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.03). Potentially unstable spinal injuries were more likely to be detected than stable injuries (sensitivity 18 and 6%, respectively).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated high specificity with low sensitivity of AP-LS in detecting spinal injuries compared to CT scan. In polytraumatized patients, AP-LS, implemented in the Advanced Trauma Life Support-algorithm, is a helpful tool to diagnose life-threatening injuries. However, if spinal injuries are suspected, performing a full-body CT scan is necessary for correct diagnosis.
The predictive value of serial serum estradiol and serial endometrial volume on endometrial receptivity on assisted reproductive technology cycles
Authors: Silva Martins R. , Helio Oliani A. , Vaz Oliani D. , Martinez de Oliveira J.
Published: March 2021

Background

Diagnosis of endometrial receptivity is still unclear and conflicting. Despite advances in embryo development during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) cycles, the intricate process of implantation is still matter for debate and research.

Materials and methods

Prospective case control of 169 subjects during ovarian controlled stimulation for ART. Endometrial receptivity assessment to predict clinical pregnancy with serial continuous biochemical (serum estradiol) and biophysical (endometrial volume and adjusted endometrial volume) parameters were used. Both parameters were compared between negative and positive outcome in terms of clinical pregnancy.

Results

No statistical difference was noted between the two groups in terms of demographics and ART procedures and scores. Serum estradiol was significantly higher in the positive group from day 8 after ovarian controlled stimulation. Endometrial volume and adjusted endometrial volume were significantly higher in the positive group as soon as day 6 of ovarian controlled stimulation.

Conclusions

Continuous serum estradiol and 3D endometrial volume and adjusted endometrial volumes may reflect endometrial changes during ART procedures and provide a useful real time tool for clinicians in predicting endometrial receptivity.
Single cell eQTL analysis identifies cell type-specific genetic control of gene expression in fibroblasts and reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Neavin Drew , Nguyen Quan , Daniszewski Maciej S. , Liang Helena H. , Chiu Han Sheng , Wee Yong Kiat , Senabouth Anne , Lukowski Samuel W. , Crombie Duncan E. , Lidgerwood Grace E. , Hernández Damián , Vickers James C. , Cook Anthony L. , Palpant Nathan J. , Pébay Alice , Hewitt Alex W. , Powell Joseph E.
Published: March 2021

Background

The discovery that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided a foundation for in vitro human disease modelling, drug development and population genetics studies. Gene expression plays a critical role in complex disease risk and therapeutic response. However, while the genetic background of reprogrammed cell lines has been shown to strongly influence gene expression, the effect has not been evaluated at the level of individual cells which would provide significant resolution. By integrating single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and population genetics, we apply a framework in which to evaluate cell type-specific effects of genetic variation on gene expression.

Results

Here, we perform scRNA-seq on 64,018 fibroblasts from 79 donors and map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) at the level of individual cell types. We demonstrate that the majority of eQTLs detected in fibroblasts are specific to an individual cell subtype. To address if the allelic effects on gene expression are maintained following cell reprogramming, we generate scRNA-seq data in 19,967 iPSCs from 31 reprogramed donor lines. We again identify highly cell type-specific eQTLs in iPSCs and show that the eQTLs in fibroblasts almost entirely disappear during reprogramming.

Conclusions

This work provides an atlas of how genetic variation influences gene expression across cell subtypes and provides evidence for patterns of genetic architecture that lead to cell type-specific eQTL effects.
Operational solar flare prediction model using Deep Flare Net
Authors: Nishizuka Naoto , Kubo Yûki , Sugiura Komei , Den Mitsue , Ishii Mamoru
Published: March 2021

We developed an operational solar flare prediction model using deep neural networks, named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). DeFN can issue probabilistic forecasts of solar flares in two categories, such as ≥ M-class and < M-class events or ≥  C-class and < C-class events, occurring in the next 24 h after observations and the maximum class of flares occurring in the next 24 h. DeFN is set to run every 6 h and has been operated since January 2019. The input database of solar observation images taken by the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) is downloaded from the data archive operated by the Joint Science Operations Center (JSOC) of Stanford University. Active regions are automatically detected from magnetograms, and 79 features are extracted from each region nearly in real time using multiwavelength observation data. Flare labels are attached to the feature database, and then, the database is standardized and input into DeFN for prediction. DeFN was pretrained using the datasets obtained from 2010 to 2015. The model was evaluated with the skill score of the true skill statistics (TSS) and achieved predictions with TSS = 0.80 for ≥  M-class flares and TSS = 0.63 for ≥  C-class flares. For comparison, we evaluated the operationally forecast results from January 2019 to June 2020. We found that operational DeFN forecasts achieved TSS = 0.70 (0.84) for ≥  C-class flares with the probability threshold of 50 (40)%, although there were very few M-class flares during this period and we should continue monitoring the results for a longer time. Here, we adopted a chronological split to divide the database into two for training and testing. The chronological split appears suitable for evaluating operational models. Furthermore, we proposed the use of time-series cross-validation. The procedure achieved TSS = 0.70 for ≥  M-class flares and 0.59 for ≥  C-class flares using the datasets obtained from 2010 to 2017. Finally, we discuss the standard evaluation methods for operational forecasting models, such as the preparation of observation, training, and testing datasets, and the selection of verification metrics.
Educational Collaboration Between Russian-Born US Physicians and Russian Oncology Trainees in Evidence-Based Medicine: The Higher School of Oncology
Authors: Baron Ekaterina , Sittig Michelle , Kotov Maxim , Fomintsev Ilya , Gushchin Vadim
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE

The 2-year Russian oncology residency focuses on diagnosis and treatment of malignancies but lacks evidence-based medicine (EBM) and patient communication skills (PCS) training. To overcome these educational disparities, the 5-year national program, the Higher School of Oncology (HSO), involving Russian expatriate physicians trained in the United States was established.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted. Highly motivated oncology residents were enrolled in the program through the three-step selection process. US-trained Russian expatriate physicians acted as mentors. EBM skills were taught through weekly online journal clubs and clinical case presentations. PCS training included live seminars and simulations after journal clubs. EBM knowledge was assessed using Fresno test among newly enrolled and postgraduate year (PGY) 2-5 HSO residents. PCS were evaluated via simulation exam including two clinical scenarios (maximum score 100 each) among 17 PGY2 HSO residents and seven non-HSO trainees.

RESULTS

Overall, 54 residents were enrolled over 5 years (8-13 annually); four were released from the program. The mean age was 24 ± 1 years, and 56% were females. Median scores of Fresno test were significantly higher among PGY 2-4 HSO residents compared with newly enrolled participants: 111 (IQR, 71-128) versus 68 (IQR, 42-84), P = .042; moreover, performance correlated with year of program participation (rs = 0.5; P < .0001). PCS assessment score was significantly higher among HSO residents than non-HSO trainees: 71 (IQR, 58-84) versus 15 (IQR, 10-30) for scenario number 1 ( P < .0001) and 78 (IQR, 71-85) versus 22 (IQR, 4-58) for scenario number 2 ( P = .005), respectively.

CONCLUSION

The involvement of Western-trained expatriates in remote education improves EBM and PCS among oncology trainees from their home country. This strategy can be useful in overcoming global medical education disparities in other specialties and in countries facing similar challenges.
Revealing the Concealed Effect of Top Earnings on the Gender Gap in the Economic Value of Higher Education in the United States, 1980–2017
Authors: Mandel Hadas , Rotman Assaf
Published: March 2021

The expansion of women's educational attainment may seem to be a promising path toward achieving economic equality between men and women, given the consistent rise in the economic value of higher education. Using yearly data from 1980 to 2017, we provide an updated and comprehensive examination of the gender gap in education premiums, showing that it is not as promising as it could and should be. Women receive lower rewards to their higher education across the entire wage distribution, and this gender gap increases at the very top education premiums—the top quarter and, even more so, the top decile. Moreover, insufficient theoretical and methodological attention to this top premium effect has left gender inequality concealed in the extensive empirical studies on the topic. Specifically, when we artificially censor the top at the 80th wage percentile, the gender gaps in education premium reverse. Lastly, the growth in earnings inequality in the United States, which is greatly affected by the expansion of top earnings, is associated with the growing gender gap in education premiums over time. We discuss the meaning and implications of this structural disadvantage at a time when women's educational advantage keeps growing and higher education remains the most important factor for economic attainment.
Gravitational waves on Earth and their warming effects
Authors: DUMITRESCU Horia , CARDOS Vladimir , BOGATEANU Radu
Published: March 2021

The gravity or reactive bundle energy is the outlet of the morphogenetic impact, known as “BIG BANG”, creating a bounded ordered/structured universe along with the solar system, including the EARTH-world with its human race. Post-impact, the huge kinetic energy is spread into stellar bodies associated with the light flux under strong mutual connections or gravitational bundle. Einstein’s general relativity theory including the gravitational field can be expressed under a condensed tensor formulation as
E  R − Rg =  T
where E defines the geometry via a curved space-time structure (R) over the gravity field (1/2Rg), embedded in a matter distribution T The fundamental (ten non-linear partial differential) equations of the gravitational field are a kind of the space-time machine using the curvature of a four-dimensional space-time to engender the gravity field carrying away material structures. Gravity according to the curved space-time theory is not seen as a gravitational force, but it manifests itself in the relativistic form of the space-time curvature needing the constancy of the light speed. But the constant light velocity makes the tidal wave/pulsating energy, a characteristic of solar energy, impossible. The Einstein’s field equation, expressed in terms of tensor formulation along with the constant light speed postulate, needs two special space-time tensors (curvature and torsion) in 4 dimensions, where for the simplicity the torsion/twist tensor is less well approximated (Bianchi identity) leading to a constant/frozen gravity (twist-free gravity).The non-zero torsion tensor plays a significant physical role in the planetary dynamics as a finest gear of a planet, where its spinning rotation is directly connected to the own work and space-time structure (or clock), controlled by light fluctuations (or tidal effect of gravity). The spin correction of Einstein’s gravitational field refers to the curvature-torsion effect coupled with fluctuating light speed. The mutual curvature-torsion bundle self-sustained by the quantum fluctuations of light speed engenders helical gravitational wave fields of a quantum nature where bodies orbit freely in the light speed field (cosmic wind). In contrast to the Einstein’s field equation describing a gravitational frozen field, a quantum tidal gravity model is proposed in the paper.
A classic approach for determining genomic prediction accuracy under terminal drought stress and well-watered conditions in wheat landraces and cultivars
Authors: Shabannejad Morteza , Bihamta Mohammad-Reza , Majidi-Hervan Eslam , Alipour Hadi , Ebrahimi Asa
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction of 16 agronomic traits in a diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) germplasm under terminal drought stress and well-watered conditions in semi-arid environments. An association panel including 87 bread wheat cultivars and 199 landraces from Iran bread wheat germplasm was planted under two irrigation systems in semi-arid climate zones. The whole association panel was genotyped with 9047 single nucleotide polymorphism markers using the genotyping-by-sequencing method. A number of 23 marker-trait associations were selected for traits under each condition, whereas 17 marker-trait associations were common between terminal drought stress and well-watered conditions. The identified marker-trait associations were mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms with minor allele effects. This study examined the effect of population structure, genomic selection method (ridge regression-best linear unbiased prediction, genomic best-linear unbiased predictions, and Bayesian ridge regression), training set size, and type of marker set on genomic prediction accuracy. The prediction accuracies were low (-0.32) to moderate (0.52). A marker set including 93 significant markers identified through genome-wide association studies withPvalues ≤ 0.001 increased the genomic prediction accuracy for all traits under both conditions. This study concluded that obtaining the highest genomic prediction accuracy depends on the extent of linkage disequilibrium, the genetic architecture of trait, genetic diversity of the population, and the genomic selection method. The results encouraged the integration of genome-wide association study and genomic selection to enhance genomic prediction accuracy in applied breeding programs.
The circulation analysis of substandard foods in China based on GIS and social network analysis
Authors: He Yakun , Jiang Jiadong , Li Shuo
Published: March 2021

In China, the majority of food enterprises are small-sized and medium-sized. While the supervision costs are high, food safety issues are still emerging. Food circulation is an indispensable part in the entire food chain. At present, there are few studies on the regional spread of food safety risks in the circulation field from a macro perspective. This study combines GIS and social network analysis methods to deeply explore the regional circulation characteristics of substandard foods. First, we crawl the dataset of Food Safety Sampling Inspection Result Query System. Then we obtain the geographical locations of the manufacturers and distributors by GIS. Finally, we construct the province-level and city-level substandard foods’ circulation networks, and employ social network analysis to target key cities and paths. The experimental results show that the circulations of substandard foods are characterized by dense province-level network and sparse city-level network, and they are mostly local and short-distance trafficking. 361 cities are divided into 13 city clusters considering the network connection characteristics. Chongqing, Beijing, Zhengzhou, and Changsha are identified as key cities by all measurement indicators, and at least four indicators can identify Shanghai and Wuhan. These cities have the highest priority for combating substandard foods’ circulation networks.
Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bosu William Kofi , Bosu Dary Kojo
Published: March 2021

Background

Hypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy environment, we undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177174) and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of adult hypertension, and its awareness and control in Ghana.

Methods

We searched major databases including PubMed, Embase as well as Google Scholar and online digital collections of public universities of Ghana to locate relevant published and unpublished community-based articles up till April 2020.

Findings

Eighty-five articles involving 82,045 apparently-healthy subjects aged 15–100 years were analyzed. In individual studies, the prevalence of hypertension, defined in most cases as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ranged from 2.8% to 67.5%. The pooled prevalence from the meta-analysis was 27.0% (95% CI 24.0%-30.0%), being twice as high in the coastal (28%, 95% CI: 24.0%-31.0%) and middle geo-ecological belts (29%, 95% CI: 25.0%-33.0%) as in the northern belt (13%, 95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%). The prevalence was similar by sex, urban-rural residence or peer-review status of the included studies. It did not appear to vary over the study year period 1976–2019. Of the subjects with hypertension, only 35% (95% CI: 29.0%-41.0%) were aware of it, 22% (95% CI: 16.0%-29.0%) were on treatment and 6.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-10.0%) had their blood pressure controlled. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the robust estimates. There was, however, high heterogeneity (I2= 98.7%) across the studies which was partly explained by prevalent obesity in the subjects.

Conclusion

More than one in four adults in Ghana have hypertension. This high prevalence has persisted for decades and is similar in rural and urban populations. With the low awareness and poor control of hypertension, greater investments in cardiovascular health are required if Ghana is to meet the global target for hypertension.
SARS Cov-2 y sus metáforas
Authors: Vázquez-Espinosa Emma , Laganà Claudio , VÁZQUEZ VALDÉS Fernando
Published: March 2021

La pandemia actual de SARS-CoV-2 ha traído, como en pandemias pasadas, una serie de metáforas y literatura todavía aún reciente en torno a la misma. Además de cuestiones filosóficas y económicas, que han provocado una crisis sin precedente y que es pronto para evaluar con una perspectiva adecuada.
Imunodiagnosis Tuberkulosis dengan Interferon Gamma Release Assay dan Uji Tuberkulin pada Anak dengan Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Kaswandani Nastiti , FLA Dhyniek Nurul , Batubara Jose R.L.
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang. Tuberkulosis (TB) dan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada anak. Diagnosis dini penting untuk menurunkan angka mortalitas TB pada infeksi HIV. Uji tuberkulin dan interferon gamma release assay [IGRA, QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT)] diharapkan dapat mendeteksi lebih dini adanya infeksi TB pada HIV. Laporan akurasi QFT-GIT dan uji tuberkulin pada anak dengan infeksi HIV bervariasi. Tujuan. Mengetahui akurasi diagnostik dari QFT-GIT dan uji tuberkulin dalam mendiagnosis TB pada anak usia 1 bulan-15 tahun dengan infeksi HIV. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 48 pasien HIV tersangka TB usia 1 bulan-15 tahun. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, foto toraks, uji tuberkulin, QFT-GIT, dan pemeriksaan bakteriologis (Xpert MTB/RIF dan biakan MGIT). Hasil. Angka kejadian TB adalah 20,9% (confirmed TB 4,2% dan possible TB 18,7%). Gambaran klinis anak yang terdiagnosis TB adalah batuk lama (90%), penurunan BB (80%), penurunan aktivitas (80%), pembesaran KGB (60%), dan demam lama (50%). Sensitivitas QFT-GIT terhadap possible TB adalah 38% (IK 95%: 12-77%), spesifisitas 100% (IK 95%: 98-100), NDP 100% (IK 95%: 98-100), sedangkan NDN 88% (IK 95%: 76-94). Sensitivitas uji tuberkulin terhadap possible TB adalah 29% (IK 95%: 8-64%), spesifisitas 97% (IK 95%: 87-100), NDP 67% (IK 95%: 21-94), sedangkan NDN 88% (IK 95%: 76-95%). Sensitivitas QFT-GIT terhadap pemeriksaan bakteriologis 50% (IK 95%: 9-91%), spesifisitas 96% (IK 95%: 85-99%), NDP 33% (IK 95%: 6-79%), sedangkan NDN 98% (IK 95%: 88-100%). Hasil akurasi uji tuberkulin terhadap pemeriksaan bakteriologis tidak dapat dinilai. Kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan dengan QFT-GIT untuk mendeteksi TB pada anak dengan infeksi HIV sedikit lebih unggul dibandingkan uji tuberkulin sehingga dalam pelayanan kedua pemeriksaan ini dapat menjadi pilihan sesuai ketersediaan dan kenyamanan pasien.
Faktor Risiko Infeksi Tuberkulosis Milier dan Ekstraparu pada Anak Penderita Tuberkulosis
Authors: Utami Dewi Aryawati , Purniti Ni Putu Siadi , Subanada Ida Bagus , MM Ayu Setyorini
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang. Infeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis dapat bermanifestasi klinis sebagai penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) paru maupun TB ekstraparu dan TB milier. Saat ini terdapat kekurangan data mengenai faktor risiko TB ekstraparu dan milier pada anak TB. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui faktor risiko TB milier dan TB ekstraparu pada anak penderita TB.Metode. Penelitian analitik potong-lintang menggunakan data sekunder. Sampel direkrut secara konsekutif dari pasien TB anak yang rawat inap dan rawat jalan di RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar mulai dari Januari 2017 hingga Agustus 2019. Selama periode penelitian didapat 120 pasien rawat inap maupun rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tigapuluh enam subyek dieksklusi karena data rekam medik tidak lengkap sehingga didapat 84 sampel, terdiri dari 42 subyek TB paru dan 42 TB milier/TB ekstraparu. Seluruh sampel adalah pasien TB yang terbagi menjadi TB paru dan TB ekstraparu.Hasil. Tuberkulosis paru ditemukan 42 kasus (50%), 35 kasus (41,7%) menderita TB ekstraparu, dan 7 kasus (8,3%) menderita TB milier. Status HIV positif [OR= 3,71, IK 95% 1,21 sampai 11,33, p=0,022] dan tanpa parut BCG [OR=5,02, IK 95% 1,18 sampai 21,26, p=0,029] merupakan faktor risiko TB milier dan TB ekstraparu. Kesimpulan. Status HIV positif dan tanpa parut BCG merupakan faktor risiko TB milier dan TB ekstraparu.
Contra la guerra y el peronismo. Las imágenes de Ricardo Warecki en el diario Crónica de Rosario
Authors: Veliscek Elisabet
Published: March 2021

El artículo analiza las viñetas políticas, publicidades e ilustraciones del artista Ricardo Warecki en el diario Crónica de Rosario (Argentina) entre 1945 y 1947, en el contexto de los sucesos nacionales e internacionales que trajeron cambios económicos y políticos durante la segunda posguerra, el inicio de la guerra fría y el ascenso del peronismo. Las transformaciones sociales que se estaban produciendo en el mundo entero quedaron registradas bajo la mirada del artista de una manera satírica, y el humor gráfico fue utilizado como un modo de evidenciar su disconformidad ante el avance de la violencia y el autoritarismo.
ON ONE APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RENEWABLE INFORMATION SEARCH
Authors:   LLC ", Shinkarev A.A. ,   Softmast-IT",   , Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Major tasks in the field of information technology that business faces today one way or another relate to data processing and search for new information in it. The methods in use include statistical methods, machine learning models, and simpler methods and models. However, all solutions aimed at information search require an information infrastructure that would meet the basic requirements for systems of this kind. The purpose of the study was to describe the main functional and technical requirements to modern systems implementing renewable information search. The author meant to form fundamental architectural proposals for the design of the system as a whole and its key parts, as well as to identify the main components of the information system and approaches to solving key problems for solutions based on the message exchange mechanism. Materials and methods. The paper considers the modern statement of the problem of creating enterprise information systems for renewable information search. The author compares message brokers that are viewed as the most interesting in the framework of this statement. Results. The article substantiates the relevance of the problem of creating information systems for renewable information search and formulates the task to create a system of such kind. The author makes an overview of the architecture design of the solution at a high level of abstraction. The modular composition of the information system under consideration is discussed. Kafka is chosen and substantiated as the most suitable message broker. The nuances of technical solutions to eliminate duplicate records and filter the latest information search results are analyzed.
DYNAMIC SYSTEMS STATE, DISTURBANCES AND NOISES SET-VALUED ESTIMATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF INCOMPLETE INFORMATION
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Podivilova E.O. , Shiryaev V.I. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the problem of set-valued dynamic systems state estimation under conditions of uncertainty, when the sets of disturbances and noises possible values are known and statistical information about them is absent or cannot be obtained. An algorithm for feasible set polyhedral approximation is described, when the sets of possible values of disturbances and noises are polyhedra. The algorithm is based on the implicit description of the information set with linear equations and inequalities systems and solving a number of linear programming problems. Methods for increasing the estimation accuracy by taking into account additional information about disturbances and noises models are considered. Set-valued estimation of the dynamical system state vector is described when the disturbances are given as a system of functions with unknown coefficients. In this case, due to the use of information that the coefficients are constant, the dynamic system state estimates are more accurate than in the case when the disturbances are known up to a set of possible values. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the algorithm performance. Aim. The aim of the research is to develop dynamic system state, disturbance and noises set-valued estimation algorithms. Research methods. Methods of optimization theory, filtering, linear algebra, MATLAB software package were used in the work. Results. Dynamic system state estimation algorithm was described. The algorithm takes into account additional information about disturbances and noises models. A method of feasible set polyhedral approximation is described, which makes it possible to obtain a set-valued estimate of a state vector, a vector of disturbances and noises, and an evolution of reachable sets. It can be used in the adaptive estimation and control algorithms development. The algorithm for set-valued estimation of the system state vector and coefficients in the disturbance decomposition as a system of given functions is developed. Conclusion. An algorithm for feasible set polyhedral approximation was described.The numerical example was performed and the analysis of the estimateswas presented.
Haciendo Psicología en EL Salvador
Authors: Arévalo Mira Douglas Marlon
Published: March 2021

Hacer psicología en El Salvador supone hacer una reflexión detallada de los esfuerzos profesionales individuales y gremiales en función de su desarrollo a lo largo de la historia, actividad a la que ya se han dedicado extensamente otros profesionales (Portillo, N., 2006; Calderón de Orellana, L., 2009; Montero M. & Serrano-García, I., 2011). Además, estos autores han considerado puntos de arranque y de pausa en este proceso de aporte a la Psicología Latinoamericana, que en El Salvador tiene como cuadro de fondo la guerra civil vivida por el país desde los 60, y que culminó en 1992 con los Acuerdos de Paz. Por medio de la revisión documental, el seguimiento periodístico y la entrevista dirigida se proponen algunas ideas, que si bien tienen el vacío de muchas propuestas, también es un termómetro de la vivencia del gremio. Este artículo busca hacer hincapié en cómo estos aportes y los actuales conciben una psicología aún en proceso de identidad, y que a pesar de estar consolidada a lo largo de diferentes expresiones gremiales y de campos de acción, aún está pendiente el posicionamiento de la psicología salvadoreña en su contexto, en Latinoamérica e Iberoamérica, como una voz que tiene mucho que aportar en la construcción de una nueva sociedad.
The impact of publicly funded rotavirus immunization programs on Canadian children
Authors: Muchaal Pia K , Hurst Matt , Desai Shalini
Published: March 2021

Background: In 2008, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization recommended routine rotavirus immunizations in healthy Canadian infants. Over the following seven years, eight provinces and two territories introduced the rotavirus vaccine into their publicly funded immunization programs. Objective: Assess the burden of rotavirus infections before and after implementation of publicly funded immunization programs. Methods: We analyzed laboratory-confirmed community cases of rotavirus reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program and hospitalizations of children younger than three years old from 2007 to 2017 with rotavirus diagnosis-specific ICD-10 codes. Rates of illness were calculated for each province for the two years prior to and after implementation of public funding of the vaccine. The year of implementation was not included to accommodate the uptake period of the vaccine. Age-specific rates were assessed in jurisdictions where five years of data were available the year after the vaccine was publicly funded. The pre–post and difference-in-difference (DID) methodologies were applied to hospital discharge data to evaluate changes between the funding and non-funding jurisdictions. Results: Community cases of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program declined by 54% between 2010 and 2017. Rates of hospital discharges decreased significantly among children in six provinces after the adoption of the rotavirus vaccine. Hospital discharge rates in Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Prince Edward Island dropped between 53% and 71%, and by 75% for British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Conclusion: Public funding of the rotavirus vaccine appeared to lead to significant reductions in laboratory-confirmed rotavirus cases reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program and in the rates of rotavirus gastroenteritis-related hospital discharges.
Lawyer Professionalism in the 21st Century
Authors: Dal Pont Gino Evan
Published: March 2021

The environment within which legal services are supplied has witnessed change in recent times. This has raised the question as to whether a corresponding shift has ensued in ‘lawyer professionalism’. If the professional landscape changes, it may also be the case that what is means to be a legal professional has also changed. This article seeks to catalogue what has traditionally formed the accepted understanding of (lawyer) professionalism, as a springboard for inquiry into whether the parameters of lawyer professionalism have indeed shifted.
Zelman Cowen
Authors: Glasbeek Harry
Published: March 2021

Professor Harry Glasbeek reflects on his relationship with his mentor and Australia's 19th Governor-General, Sir Zelman Cowen.
Body mass index in relation to dental maturation of 10 to 14 years old school children in Erbil city. A cross-sectional prospective study.
Authors: Chawshli Omar , Ameen Yara
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives: Estimation of dental age is based upon the rate of development and calcification of tooth buds and their progressive sequence of eruption in the oral cavity. The tooth calcification provides a valuable indicator of dental age and serves as an index of the maturation of the child. The aim of this study is to determine whether Body Mass Index (BMI) has association with dental maturation. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study design was applied for the present study, 383 school children were participated in this study which nominated from Erbil city. For the sample to be representative the city was divided in to six geographic areas according to the municipalities, the samples randomly selected school children of 10 to 14 years old from both genders. The height and the weight of each participant had been recorded in the college of dentistry / Hawler Medical University in order to calculate the body mass index of the following the guidelines of centers of disease control (CDC) , at the same time an orthopantomography radiograph had been used to investigate the stage of the dental maturation using the Demirjian method, finally, the relationship between BMI and dental maturation were investigated using chi square test with P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant difference. Result: there was a statistically significant relationship between dental maturation and BMI. The majority (93.6%) of samples with under-mature dentition were under-weight at the same time. The vast majority (96%) of samples with mature dentition had normal BMI. In the same manner, majority (91.7%) of samples with over mature dentition were over-weight too. Chi square test was used to find out the association and P-value was 0.001 Conclusion: In conclusion, normal weight students have normal dental maturation, underweight students have under dental maturation and overweight or obese students have over dental maturation. Keywords: body mass index, Demirjian, Orthopantomography.
Developing a Custom Anthropometric Test Device for Experimental Evaluation of Blast Mitigation Seats
Authors: Kamel Hisham , Harraz Omar , Yacoub Mostafa
Published: March 2021

The use of improvised explosive devices against moving vehicles has been on the rise recently. Their explosions induce devastating effects on vehicle occupants. Blast mitigation seats are used as a counter measure to reduce such harmful effects. This paper presents the scientific work for evaluating the efficacy of blast mitigation seats. The work involves designing and building a custom anthropometric test device (ATD) and a drop tower test facility that is used to simulate the drop of a vehicle from heights up to 10 m. The ATD was equipped with two accelerometers; at the neck and at the pelvis. For validation, a multibody dynamics model was developed to simulate the drop test and the results were compared with ones from experiments. An overall root mean square error of 1.28 g was achieved. The test facility was then used to measure the performance of a blast mitigation seat. The results showed that blast mitigation seats reduced peak accelerations on the pelvis and neck areas by 92% and 87% respectively and this translates into moving predicted injuries from fatal to moderate.
A case study on the application of activity based costing on the magnetic inductor
Authors: Zamrud Nurul Farahin , Zaini Sri Nur Areena Mohd , Abu Mohd Yazid
Published: March 2021

Speedy improvements in cost accounting since the 1960s have been noticed, particularly after the 1980s, in the percentage of total cost, overhead costs have increased. The problem of overhead allocation was faced by several companies and a disparity between the available methods of overhead allocation was developed. Because of skewed facts about the viability of their orders, goods and clients, traditional cost accounting (TCA) not anymore represents the actual economic reality. Consequently, in the moment of increasingly growing material liquidity and ambiguity, a new costing approach is needed to address the weakness of TCA. The goal of the study is to establish a new costing structure using activity based costing (ABC) method to the magnetic inductor for better precision. The case study is located at electronic industry in Pahang, Malaysia. ABC reports on the costs of manufacturing, selling or funding the goods used in the operations. The job was done correctly by the operator to accomplish the entire mission. The maximum time used by operators is at epoxy application activity which is 44.04% and the smallest is 0.64% at oven curing and boundary inspection activity. The highest amount of cost of capacity is epoxy application activity with MYR 1,665,600.00 and the quantity of material utilized is selected as the cost driver. Since the product required volume is up to 10%, production costs are expected to increase by MYR 4,160,614.85 while the unit product cost is forecast at MYR 0.79. Therefore, ABC is an cost management insightful process and cost control efficient approach.
Designing the Re-layout of the Production Floor Using Integrated Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and Simulation Methods
Authors: Mansur Masriah , Ahmarofi Ahmad Afif , Gui Anderes
Published: March 2021

In the manufacturing company, an efficient production floor affects the productivity of the company. Thus, a well design production floor layout assists the company to achieve its objectives. In this regard, this study aims to design a new alternative production floor layout for the XYZ manufacturing company. The company facing the facility layout problem (FLP) where their workstation on the production floor was not located based on the activity-relationship. Thus, the company struggles to reduce the distance travel of their workers from one station to another by re-layout their production floor. The Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method was used to determine the best new alternative layout for the company. Subsequently, the AnyLogic simulation software was utilized to test the effectiveness of the layout by using the number of steps as the parameter. As a result, it is found that the total number of steps of workers in the production floor can be reduced from 16,554 steps (in existing layout) to 15,956 steps (in new alternative layout).
In Memory of Leonid Leonidovich Kasatkin (30.12.1926–13.09.2020)
Authors: Morozova Nadezhda
Published: March 2021

Leonid Kasatkin is a famous Russian dialectologist. He devoted his works to Russian phonetics, the study of dialects, especially of the Old Believers. He often came to Vilnius University for conferences, for many years he had creative contacts with prof. Chekmonas. His contribution to science is very significant.
Effect of Operator Experience on Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Outcomes
Authors: Sheehy Justin P , Chhatriwalla Adnan K
Published: March 2021

Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip is a novel, intricate therapy for mitral regurgitation that improves survival and quality of life. Similar to other medical procedures, there is a relationship between procedural experience and clinical outcomes. MitraClip results and the efficiency and safety of the procedure all improved with increasing experience at both the institutional and operator level in two large studies from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry. Patient selection was also found to have a significant role in procedure success. The old adage of “See one, do one, teach one” does not necessarily apply to complex interventions, such as MitraClip, given that the learning curve does not appear to plateau even as operators approach a 150-case experience.
On boundedness of solutions of quadratic differential equation sets
Authors: Belozerov V.Ye. , Chernyshenko V.S. , Chernyshenko S.V.
Published: March 2021

We obtain new sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability on solution cone of the set of usual uniform quadratic differential equations. For non-uniform quadratic sets (with non-zero linear part) we give the conditions of boundedness of solutions. We determine quadratic sets whose solution is bounded for any linear part and for any initial conditions. We provide examples of applications of the method in mathematical ecology.