bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying fabricated networks within authorship-for-sale enterprises
Authors: Porter Simon J. , McIntosh Leslie D.
Published: November 2024

It is estimated that 2% of all journal submissions across all disciplines originate from paper mills, both creating significant risk that the body of research that we rely on to progress becomes corrupted, and placing undue burden on the submission process to reject these articles. By understanding how the business of paper mills—the technological approaches that they adopt, as well as the social structures that they require to operate—the research community can be empowered to develop strategies that make it harder, or ideally impossible for them to operate. Most of the contemporary work in paper-mill detection has focused on identifying the signals that have been left behind inside the text or structure of fabricated papers that result from the technological approaches that paper mills employ. As technologies employed by paper mills advance, these signals will become harder to detect. Fabricated papers do not just need text, images, and data however, they also require a fabricated or partially fabricated network of authors. Most ‘authors’ on a fabricated paper have not been associated with the research, but rather are added through a transaction. This lack of deeper connection means that there is a low likelihood that co-authors on fabricated papers will ever appear together on the same paper more than once. This paper constructs a model that encodes some of the key characteristics of this activity in an ‘authorship-for-sale’ network with the aim to create a robust method to detect this type of activity. A characteristic network fingerprint arises from this model that provides a robust statistical approach to the detection of paper-mill networks. The model suggested in this paper detects networks that have a statistically significant overlap with other approaches that principally rely on textual analysis for the detection of fraudulent papers. Researchers connected to networks identified using the methodology outlined in this paper are shown to be connected with 37% of papers identified through the tortured-phrase and clay-feet methods deployed in the Problematic Paper Screener website. Finally, methods to limit the expansion and propagation of these networks is discussed both in technological and social terms.
Utilizing post-stack seismic inversion for delineation of gas-bearing sand in a pleistocene reservoir, baltim gas field, nile delta, Egypt
Authors: EL-SAYED Ali S. , MABROUK Walid M. , METWALLY Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

Given useful rock properties, gas sands generally appear as bright events on seismic data. Unfortunately, partially saturated gas sands tend to be of similar brightness to fully saturated gas sands so cannot be distinguished easily. Seismic inversion can sometimes help, given adequate seismic data and a robust understanding of rock physics. This study employs both post- and pre-stack seismic inversion techniques to estimate gas in place (OGIP) and evaluate reservoir properties within the Pleistocene gas sandstone reservoir of the Baltim Field, focusing specifically on the Kanaria prospect. The primary objectives are to estimate gas volumes, assess reservoir properties, and identify optimal well locations. Post-stack inversion is used to detect changes in acoustic impedance, which is essential for hydrocarbon identification, while pre-stack inversion provides insights into rock properties such as density. This approach helps to differentiate true gas sands from other geological features, like water layers or lithological anomalies, which can be misinterpreted as gas zones due to similar seismic responses or fluid variations. Although seismic indicators such as root mean square (RMS) amplitude and AVO analysis can suggest potential gas zones, they may also be affected by similar lithological effects, complicating accurate interpretation. The study confirms the presence of gas-bearing sands in the El Wastani and estimates an OGIP of approximately 0.4 Gm³ for well WB-1 and 6.6 Gm³ for well TERSA-1 ST. By providing detailed reservoir characterization and improving gas estimation accuracy, the findings support informed decision-making for drilling locations and enhance the potential for successful gas production in the Baltim Field.
Tuning the morphology and energy levels in organic solar cells with metal–organic framework nanosheets
Authors: Sasitharan Kezia , Frisch Johannes , Kuliček Jaroslav , Iraqi Ahmed , Lidzey David G. , Bär Marcus , Rezek Bohuslav , Foster Jonathan A.
Published: November 2024

Metal–organic framework nanosheets (MONs) have proved themselves to be useful additives for enhancing the performance of a variety of thin film solar cell devices. However, to date only isolated examples have been reported. In this work we take advantage of the modular structure of MONs in order to resolve the effect of their different structural and optoelectronic features on the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Three different MONs were synthesized using different combinations of two porphyrin-based ligands meso-tetracarboxyphenyl porphyrin (TCPP) or tetrapyridyl-porphyrin (TPyP) with either zinc and/or copper ions and the effect of their addition to polythiophene-fullerene (P3HT-PC71BM) OPV devices was investigated. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices was found to approximately double with the addition of MONs of Zn2(ZnTCPP) -4.7% PCE, 10.45 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (JSC), 0.69 open-circuit voltage (VOC), 64.20% fill-factor (FF), but was unchanged with the addition of Cu2(ZnTPyP) (2.6% PCE, 3.68 mA/cm2JSC, 0.59 VOC, 46.27% FF) and halved upon the addition of Cu2(CuTCPP) (1.24% PCE, 6.72 mA/cm2JSC, 0.59 VOC, 56.24% FF) compared to devices without nanosheets (2.6% PCE, 6.61 mA/cm2JSC, 0.58 VOC, 56.64% FF). Our analysis indicates that there are three different mechanisms by which MONs can influence the photoactive layer – light absorption, energy level alignment, and morphological changes. Analysis of external quantum efficiency, UV–vis and photoelectron spectroscopy data found that MONs have similar effects on light absorption and energy level alignment. However, atomic force and Raman microscopy studies revealed that the nanosheet thickness and lateral size are crucial parameters in enabling the MONs to act as beneficial additives resulting in an improvement of the OPV device performance. We anticipate this study will aid in the design of MONs and other 2D materials for future use in other light harvesting and emitting devices.
A DNA methylation signature identified in the buccal mucosa reflecting active tuberculosis is changing during tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Öhrnberg Isabelle , Karlsson Lovisa , Sayyab Shumaila , Paues Jakob , Martínez-Enguita David , Gustafsson Mika , Espinoza-Lopez Patricia , Méndez-Aranda Melissa , Meza Ericka , Ugarte-Gil Cesar , Kiprotich Nicholas , Diero Lameck , Tonui Ronald , Lerm Maria
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health threat, with high mortality rates if left untreated. Current sputum-based TB treatment monitoring methods face numerous challenges, particularly in relation to sample collection and analysis. This pilot study explores the potential of TB status assessment using DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures, which are gaining recognition as diagnostic and predictive tools for various diseases. We collected buccal swab samples from pulmonary TB patients at the commencement of TB treatment (n = 10), and at one, two, and six-month follow-up intervals. We also collected samples from healthy controls (n = 10) and individuals exposed to TB (n = 10). DNAm patterns were mapped using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC 850 K platform. A DNAm profile distinct from controls was discovered in the oral mucosa of TB patients at the start of treatment, and this profile changed throughout the course of TB treatment. These findings were corroborated in a separate validation cohort of TB patients (n = 41), monitored at two and six months into their TB treatment. We developed a machine learning model to predict symptom scores using the identified DNAm TB profile. The model was trained and evaluated on the pilot, validation, and two additional independent cohorts, achieving an R2 of 0.80, Pearson correlation of 0.90, and mean absolute error of 0.13. While validation is needed in larger cohorts, the result opens the possibility of employing DNAm-based diagnostic and prognostic tools for TB in future clinical practice.
Pericytes require physiological oxygen tension to maintain phenotypic fidelity
Authors: McErlain Tamara , McCulla Elizabeth C. , Glass Morgan J. , Ziemer Lauren E. , Branco Cristina M. , Murgai Meera
Published: November 2024

Pericytes function to maintain tissue homeostasis by regulating capillary blood flow and maintaining endothelial barrier function. Pericyte dysfunction is associated with various pathologies and has recently been found to aid cancer progression. Despite having critical functions in health and disease, pericytes remain an understudied population due to a lack of model systems which accurately reflect in vivo biology. In this study we developed a protocol to isolate and culture murine lung, brain, bone, and liver pericytes, that maintains their known phenotypes and functions. We demonstrate that pericytes, being inherently plastic, benefit from controlled oxygen tension culture conditions, aiding their expansion ex vivo. Primary pericytes grown in physiologically relevant oxygen tensions (10% O2 for lung; 5% O2 for brain, bone, and liver) also better retain pericyte phenotypes indicated by stable expression of characteristic transcriptional and protein markers. In functional tube formation assays, pericytes were observed to significantly associate with endothelial junctions. Importantly, we identified growth conditions that limit expression of the plasticity factor Klf4 to prevent spontaneous phenotypic switching in vitro. Additionally, we were able to induce pathological pericyte phenotypic switching in response to metastatic stimuli to accurately recapitulate in vivo biology. Here, we present a robust method for studying pericyte biology in both physiology and disease.
Sea level rise and coastal flooding risks in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Ghomsi Franck Eitel Kemgang , Nyberg Björn , Raj Roshin P. , Bonaduce Antonio , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Johannessen Ola M.
Published: November 2024

The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) is highly vulnerable to sea level rise, with projections indicating a significant increase in permanently inundated land by 2100, ranging from 1,458.1 to 4,331.7 km2. This study evaluates the severity of potential coastal inundation in the GoG by comparing sea level rise projections from eight reliable CMIP6 models with historical sea surface height (SSH) data from 1993 to 2015 and current onshore topography. Eight model simulations were selected based on their accuracy in reproducing sea level variability in the Tropical Atlantic and the GoG, and their consistency in reflecting the one-month connection lag between equatorial-driven waves and Kelvin Coastal Trapped Waves (CTWs) along the GoG, critical for predicting regional ocean dynamics. Our findings indicate that this connection lag will remain consistent over time. Under high-emission scenarios, up to 95% of coastal areas could be inundated, potentially displacing 2 million people posing a socio-economic shock, given the region’s low GDP and heavy reliance on fisheries. The loss of cultural heritage and livelihoods further compounds the challenges. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies and robust early warning systems, in line with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). This study offers a precise and regionally relevant assessment of future risks, providing a foundation for informed policy interventions to mitigate the impacts of climate change and protect vulnerable communities in the GoG.
A levy chaotic horizontal vertical crossover based artificial hummingbird algorithm for precise PEMFC parameter estimation
Authors: Jangir Pradeep , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Saleem Kashif , Arpita  , Agrawal Sunilkumar P. , Pandya Sundaram B. , Parmar Anil , Gulothungan G. , Abualigah Laith
Published: November 2024

In this research, enhanced versions of the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm are used to accurately identify unknown parameters in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) models. In particular, we propose a multi strategy variant, the Lévy Chaotic Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (LCAHA), which combines sinusoidal chaotic mapping, Lévy flights and a new cross update foraging strategy. The combination of this method with PEMFC parameters results in a significantly improved performance compared to traditional methods, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), which we use as baselines to validate PEMFC parameters. The quantitative results demonstrate that LCAHA attains a minimum Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) of 0.0254 and standard deviation of 4.59E−08 for the BCS 500W PEMFC model, which is much lower than the SSE values obtained for PSO (0.1924) and GWO (0.0364), thereby validating the superior accuracy and stability of LCAHA. Moreover, LCAHA converges faster than DE and SSA, reducing runtime by about 47%. The robustness and reliability of LCAHA-simulated and actual I–V curves across six PEMFC stacks are shown to be in close alignment.
Mapping the nonequilibrium order parameter of a quasi-two dimensional charge density wave system
Authors: Sayers C. J. , Zhang Y. , Sanders C. E. , Chapman R. T. , Wyatt A. S. , Chatterjee G. , Springate E. , Cerullo G. , Wolverson D. , Da Como E. , Carpene E.
Published: November 2024

The driving force of a charge density wave (CDW) transition in quasi-two dimensional systems is still debated, while being crucial in understanding electronic correlation in such materials. Here we use femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with computational methods to investigate the coherent lattice dynamics of a prototypical CDW system. The photo-induced temporal evolution of the periodic lattice distortion associated with the amplitude mode reveals the dynamics of the free energy functional governing the order parameter. Our approach establishes that optically-induced screening rather than CDW melting at the electronic level leads to a transiently modified potential which explains the anharmonic behaviour of the amplitude mode and discloses the structural origin of the symmetry-breaking phase transition.
The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding
Authors: Singh Shashi P , Smyth Danielle J , Cunningham Kyle T , Mukundan Ananya , Byeon Chang-Hyeock , Hinck Cynthia S , White Madeleine P J , Ciancia Claire , Wąsowska Natalia , Sanders Anna , Jin Regina , White Ruby F , Lilla Sergio , Zanivan Sara , Schoenherr Christina , Inman Gareth J , van Dinther Maarten , ten Dijke Peter , Hinck Andrew P , Maizels Rick M
Published: November 2024

The immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-β is pleiotropic due to the near-ubiquitous expression of the TGF-β receptors TβRI and TβRII on diverse cell types. The helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus has convergently evolved a family of TGF-β mimics (TGMs) that bind both these receptors through domains 1–3 of a 5-domain protein. One member of this family, TGM4, differs from TGF-β in acting in a cell-specific manner, failing to stimulate fibroblasts, but activating SMAD phosphorylation in macrophages. Primarily through domains 4 and 5, TGM4 interacts with multiple co-receptors, including CD44, CD49d (integrin α4) and CD206, and can up- and downmodulate macrophage responses to IL-4 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. The dependence of TGM4 on combinatorial interactions with co-receptors is due to a moderated affinity for TβRII that is more than 100-fold lower than for TGF-β. Thus the parasite has elaborated TGF-β receptor interactions to establish cell specificity through combinatorial cis-signalling, an innovation absent from the mammalian cytokine.
Metabolic labeling and targeted modulation of adipocytes
Authors: Wang Yueji , Bo Yang , Liu Yusheng , Zhou Jiadiao , Nguyen Daniel , Baskaran Dhyanesh , Liu Yuan , Wang Hua
Published: November 2024

Here, we report metabolic glycan labeling of adipocytes and targeted modulation via click chemistry, offering a novel platform to manipulate adipocyte interactions with other cells.
An exploration of the electrocatalytic activity of nickel boride nanocrystals in the oxidation of 5-HMF
Authors: Hong Jennifer , Miola Matteo , Gerlach Dominic , Stuart Marc C. A. , Rudolf Petra , Morales Dulce M. , Protesescu Loredana , Pescarmona Paolo P.
Published: November 2024

The inherent electrocatalytic activity of nickel boride nanocrystals was investigated in the electrochemical oxidation of a bio-based platform chemical as hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to a valuable product as furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA).
PolyCL: contrastive learning for polymer representation learning via explicit and implicit augmentations
Authors: Zhou Jiajun , Yang Yijie , Mroz Austin M. , Jelfs Kim E.
Published: November 2024

We introduce PolyCL, a self-supervised contrastive learning model for robust polymer representation. Combining explicit and implicit augmentations, PolyCL excels in downstream predictive tasks without complex finetuning.
CopDDB: a descriptor database for copolymers and its applications to machine learning
Authors: Yoshimura Takayoshi , Kato Hiromoto , Oikawa Shunto , Inagaki Taichi , Asano Shigehito , Sugawara Tetsunori , Miyao Tomoyuki , Matsubara Takamitsu , Ajiro Hiroharu , Fujii Mikiya , Ohnishi Yu-ya , Hatanaka Miho
Published: November 2024

A descriptor database for copolymers was developed using reaction energies and activation barriers for 2500 radical–monomer pairs. Machine learning models based on these descriptors achieved high accuracy in predicting key physical properties.
Effects of anode geometry on the analytical performance of solution-cathode glow discharge for alkali metal detection by atomic emission spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Jinmei , Li Wei , Zheng Peichao , Li Biao , Zhang Biyong , Guo Lianbo , Tian Hongwu , Dong Daming
Published: November 2024

Schematic of the SCGD-AES system.
A portable smartphone platform with FeNPs@g-C3N4 nano-enzyme for visual and on-site sensing of F− and Al3+ in tea
Authors: Wang Yanyang , Gao Shanshan , Yang Gege , Zhu Wenyi , Lu Ying , Tan Mengyuan , Peng Yuancheng , Yang Hua , Song Chunxia
Published: November 2024

Illustration of a portable smartphone platform based on FeNPs@g-C3N4 nano-enzyme to detect ions in tea.
Self-powered composites by bioinspired device-to-material integration
Authors: Wen Guojiang , Zhu Zhiwei , Cai Wenrui , Ji Zhongfeng , Li Hua , Ma Chengye , Zhao Ziyu , Lv Shanshan , Yang Jiarui , Fu Xuewei , Yang Wei , Wang Yu
Published: November 2024

We report self-powered composites (SPCs) by embedding rigid coin cells in thermoplastics and thermosets. The resultant SPCs are successfully demonstrated as a promising building block for self-powered electrical vehicles and wearable electronics.
Mechanochemical synthesis and transformation of the polymorphic double carbonates fairchildite and buetschliite, (K2Ca(CO3)2): an in situ X-ray powder diffraction study
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Braun Doris E. , Schmidt Wolfgang , Liu Hang , Leiting Sebastian , Weidenthaler Claudia
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of double carbonates (K2Ca(CO3)2) has been studied by in situ and ex situ powder diffraction experiments. The results provide insights into the formation of these materials, which are of interest in geosciences and applied mineralogy.
Reduction-responsive immobilised and protected enzymes
Authors: Wu Congyu , Nazemi Seyed Amirabbas , Santacroce Natascha , Sahlin Jenny A. , Suter-Dick Laura , Shahgaldian Patrick
Published: November 2024

Enzymes unchained – enzymes immobilised on nanoparticles with a cleavable linker and shielded in an organosilica layer are activated upon reductive breakage of the linker. The organosilica layer prevents enzyme leaching.
Regulation of the coordination number of Zn single atoms to boost electrochemical sensing of H2O2
Authors: Yang Ziyin , Kong Yaqi , Qi Chengcheng
Published: November 2024

The inert element Zn was turned into an active electrocatalyst via atomization and coordination number regulation for boosting electrochemical sensing.
Photochromism in the periodic nanospace of zeolite LTA by the transfer of photoexcited electrons of adsorbed Na atoms
Authors: Kodaira Tetsuya , Ikeda Takuji
Published: November 2024

Cationic Na clusters and related species incorporated into the β-cages of Na-form LTA zeolite exhibit photochromism. Metastable Na clusters with C3v symmetry are formed in α-cages by electron transfer from the initial species in the β-cages.
Patternable chiral Au nanocrystal-doped composite films for information encryption: the role of optical rotation
Authors: Tian Yu , Luan Xiaoxi , Lv Xiali , Wu Fengxia , Xu Guobao , Niu Wenxin
Published: November 2024

Au nanocrystals of opposite chirality can rotate linearly polarized light in opposite directions, and are utilized for information encryption.
Recent advances in the organocatalytic synthesis of chiral C3-spiro-cyclopentaneoxindoles
Authors: Liu Yan-Qing , Wu Yan , Li Bin , Tang Xue , Chen Chu
Published: November 2024

Chiral C3-spiro-cyclopentaneoxindoles are primarily formed through organocatalysis (CA, NHC, CPA, HB, and PTC) using four types of substrates.
A cobalt(ii)-nitronyl nitroxide single chain magnet with a record high blocking temperature and low coercivity
Authors: Costa Thomaz de A. , Răducă Mihai , Rocha Julio C. , Novak Miguel A. , Cassaro Rafael A. A. , Andruh Marius , Vaz Maria G. F.
Published: November 2024

A cobalt(ii)-nitronyl nitroxide chain shows the highest recorded blocking temperature (15.5 K) and magnetic hysteresis with low coercivity up to 22 K.
Ligand -controlled nickel-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of silyl enol ether for the divergent synthesis of aryl alkenes and silicon-containing product
Authors: Chang Shunqin , Lin Yueping , Gu Pei , Lu Changhui , Wang Minyan , Huang Liangbin
Published: November 2024

Silyl enol ethers are easily prepared from available ketones that are widely used as α-carbon nucleophiles in organic synthesis.
Effect of a self-assembled 3D flower-like hierarchical architecture on the thermoelectric properties of Ag-doped Bi2S3
Authors: Manimozhi T. , Kavirajan S. , Navaneethan M. , Sagaya Kennedy A. Joseph
Published: November 2024

Ag doping in Bi2S3 improved thermoelectric properties by lowering the bandgap, enhancing conductivity, and reducing thermal conductivity to 0.415 W mK−1via phonon scattering. At 543 K, 0.025% Ag-doped Bi2S3 achieved a power factor of 50.1 μW mK−2.
Synthesis of a highly stable Mo–Fe bimetallic metal–organic framework and its catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of sulfides under mild conditions
Authors: Li Xin , Zu Mohan , Yan Linzhuo , Zhao Qiang , Liu Liu
Published: November 2024

A novel Mo–Fe bimetallic metal–organic framework [Fe2(4,4′-bipy)Mo2O8]·2H2O (1) has been synthesized, and its selective catalytic oxidation of thioether has been investigated.
Synthesis of a multivalent α-1,2-mannobiose ligand for targeting C-type lectins
Authors: Langer Jannis , Hartmann Laura , Snyder Nicole L.
Published: November 2024

The modular synthesis of a precision glycomacromolecule presenting α-1,2-mannobiose in a multivalent fashion as a high-mannose glycan mimetic/ligand for targeting C-type lectins.
Enhanced Cr(vi) removal by Co and PPy co-modified Ca–Al-layered double hydroxides due to adsorption and reduction mechanisms
Authors: He Wenyan , Ye Kaijie , Zhang Mi , Bai Sheng , Xu Siyan , Fang Kuo
Published: November 2024

Co and PPy synergistically promoted the Cr(vi) adsorption on CCALP.
First-principles prediction of the electronic properties and contact features of graphene/γ-GeSe van der Waals heterostructure: effects of electric fields and strains
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Kartamyshev A. I. , Lavrentyev A. A. , Hieu Nguyen N. , Phuc Huynh V. , Nguyen Chuong V.
Published: November 2024

In this work, we investigate systematically the electronic properties and tunable contact behavior of the graphene/γ-GeSe heterostructure under applied electric fields and out-of-plane strains using first-principles calculations.
Facile and ecofriendly green synthesis of Co3O4/MgO–SiO2 composites towards efficient asymmetric supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction applications
Authors: Ali Gulzar , Tahira Aneela , Hayat Asma , Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Uddin Shah Bukhari Syed Nizam , Dawi Elmuez , Nafady Ayman , Alshammari Riyadh H. , Tonezzer Matteo , Samoon Muhammad Kashif , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain
Published: November 2024

The development of low-cost, eco-friendly, and earth-friendly electrode materials for energy storage and conversion applications is a highly desirable but challenging task for strengthening the existing renewable energy systems.
Correction: Multiple pH responsive zwitterionic micelles for stealth delivery of anticancer drugs
Authors: Ma Jin , Kang Ke , Yi Qiangying , Zhang Zhirong , Gu Zhongwei
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Multiple pH responsive zwitterionic micelles for stealth delivery of anticancer drugs’ by Jin Ma et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 64778–64790, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA11645K.
SHARC meets TEQUILA: mixed quantum-classical dynamics on a quantum computer using a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm
Authors: Sangiogo Gil Eduarda , Oppel Markus , Kottmann Jakob S. , González Leticia
Published: November 2024

We present a hybrid quantum-classical approach that combines quantum and classical hardware to simulate the excited state dynamics of molecules.
Constrained TACC3 peptidomimetics for a non-canonical protein–protein interface elucidate allosteric communication in Aurora-A kinase
Authors: Gimenez Diana , Walko Martin , Miles Jennifer A. , Bayliss Richard , Wright Megan H. , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Rational design is used to optimize peptidomimetic inhibitors of the TACC3/Aurora-A kinase interaction.
Fluorine-rich Schiff base ligand derived Fe/N–C–F and Co/N–C–F catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: synthesis, experimental validation, and DFT insights
Authors: Das Sumanta Kumar , Peera Shaik Gouse , Kesh Aiswarya , Varathan Prabakaran , Sahu Akhila Kumar
Published: November 2024

Featuring a fully optimized Fe/N–C–F catalyst, the full-cell mechanism demonstrates superior activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Efficient anti-icing/deicing via photothermal-wind synergistic effects on femtosecond laser-induced superhydrophobic graphene
Authors: Song Xinghao , Yin Kai , Li Xun , Wang Lingxiao , Yang Pengyu , Pei Jiaqing , Huang Yin , Arnusch Christopher J. , Li Guoqiang
Published: November 2024

A high-efficiency energy utilization strategy based on a photothermal-wind synergistic effect combined with superhydrophobicity has been proposed for anti-icing/deicing.
Enhanced osteo–angiogenic coupling by a bioactive cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) delivered through electrospun fibers
Authors: Li Donghong , Xu Tingting , Wang Xiaoli , Xiao Qiong , Zhang Wenjie , Li Fen , Zhang Hao , Feng Bei , Zhang Yanzhong
Published: November 2024

Fat extract (FE) components released from the FE-PDA@PCL/GT fiber mesh promoted paracrine signaling communication between osteoblastic and endothelial cells. This interaction together with FE, contributed to the enhanced osteo–angiogenic coupling.
First hyperpolarizability of cellulose nanocrystals: an experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Legat Thibaut , Mairesse François , Dok Ahmet R. , de Coene Yovan , Thielemans Wim , Champagne Benoît , Van Cleuvenbergen Stijn
Published: November 2024

The nonlinear optical properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the first hyperpolarizability of these biopolymers through an experimental and theoretical approach.
Advancements in organic fluorescent materials: unveiling the potential of peripheral group modification in dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives for one- and two-photon bioimaging
Authors: Zucolotto Cocca Leandro H. , Valverde João V. P. , Leite Celisnolia M. , Moreno Natália S. , Neto Alfredo L. , Macedo Andreia G. , Pratavieira Sebastião , Silva Daniel L. , Rodrigues Paula C. , Zucolotto Valtencir , Mendonça Cleber R. , De Boni Leonardo
Published: November 2024

New materials for biological imaging probes via one- and two-photon absorption. Linear and nonlinear spectroscopy. Diketopyrrolopyrroles derivatives. Two-photon absorption characterization. Evaluation of compound feasibility for biological imaging.
Tunable spin transport and spin-dependent Seebeck effect in boron-based two-dimensional MBene transition metal compounds
Authors: Sun Cuicui , Wang Yuxiu , Zhang Haocheng , Sun Yue , Liu Zhongteng , Zhou Xuanchen , Zhang Guiling
Published: November 2024

The high Curie temperatures, magnetoresistance, dual spin-filtering effect, and perfect spin-dependent Seebeck effect demonstrate the potential of M2B (M = Sc, Ti, and V) as a promising material for spin caloritronics.
MOF-derived, carbon-mediated construction of a hierarchical rod-shaped MoO3/Co3O4 heterojunction towards efficient triethylamine detection
Authors: Zhang Qingmei , Zhang Yuanhui , Ge Keyi , Huang Fei , Meng Hu , Yang Wei
Published: November 2024

The in situ MOF-derived, carbon-mediated creation of a MoO3/Co3O4 heterojunction has been demonstrated to achieve a high response towards triethylamine.
Sensitized near-infrared lanthanide emission in chalcogenide perovskites
Authors: Al Shuhaib Jinan H. , Ferrer Isabel J. , Ares José R. , Cianci Salvatore , Tuzi Federico , Blundo Elena , Polimeni Antonio , Benayas Antonio , Marin Riccardo , Leardini Fabrice
Published: November 2024

Semiconductor materials capable of hosting luminescent lanthanide ions (Ln3+) and sensitize their emission are scarce.
High-performance organic thin-film phototransistors based on stacked p–n heterojunctions for enhanced optoelectronic response
Authors: Fang Po-Hsiang , Kuo Zhao-Lun , Wu Yu-Tong , Cheng Horng-Long , Chou Wei-Yang
Published: November 2024

We designed a tandem heterojunction with p- and n-type semiconductors to enhance exciton dissociation and transport, offering potential for optoelectronic advancements.
PFFNet: A pyramid feature fusion network for microaneurysm segmentation in fundus images
Authors: Lu Jiaxin , Zou Beiji , Xiao Xiaoxia , Peng Qinghua , Yan Junfeng , Zhang Wensheng , Yue Kejuan
Published: November 2024

Retinal microaneurysm (MA) is a definite earliest clinical sigh of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Its automatic segmentation is key to realizing intelligent screening for early DR, which can significantly reduce the risk of visual impairment in patients. However, the minute scale and subtle contrast of MAs against the background pose challenges for segmentation. This paper focuses on automatic MA segmentation in fundus images. A novel pyramid feature fusion network (PFFNet) that progressively develops and fuses rich contextual information by integrating two pyramid modules is proposed. Multiple global pyramid scene parsing (GPSP) modules are introduced between the encoder and decoder to provide diverse global contextual information for the decoder through reconstructing skip connections. Additionally, a spatial scale‐aware pyramid (SSAP) module is introduced to dynamically fuse multi‐scale contextual information. This rich contextual information will help to identify MAs from low‐contrast background. Furthermore, to mitigate issue related to category imbalance, a combo loss function is introduced. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets, IDRiD and DDR, and PFFNet is compared with several state‐of‐the‐art models. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our PFFNet in the MA segmentation task.
A method based on BRD/BRRD for moving target localisation with minimal transmitters
Authors: Yan Mingzhu , Tao Haihong , Wang Le
Published: November 2024

During the procedure of three‐dimensional (3D) moving target localisation in multistatic passive radar (MPR) system, conventional closed‐form algorithms and their enhanced versions necessitate at least four transmitters to obtain unambiguous localisation, and they are prone to poor noise resistance. In this paper, based on multiple sets of bistatic range difference (BRD) and bistatic range rate difference (BRRD) measurements, an innovative closed‐form algorithm is proposed which, combines an improved two‐step weighted least squares (ITSWLS) using the Newton method (NM) to minimise the number of transmitters required for localization. In a 3D environment, this algorithm can precisely localise targets with merely three transmitters. Compared with the existing closed‐form algorithms, this algorithm saves one transmitter resource, breaking through the constraints of traditional approaches. After theoretical analysis and simulation verification, in the presence of just three transmitters, the estimation accuracy of the algorithm for both near‐field and far‐field target parameters can reach the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) when the measurement noise is low. If an additional transmitter is incorporated, this algorithm has higher localization accuracy and better noise resistance compared to the elliptic localization (EL), TSWLS, ITSWLS, and Taylor algorithms.
The NenuFAR Pulsar Blind Survey (NPBS): I. Survey overview, expectations, and first redetections
Authors: Brionne M. , Grießmeier J.-M. , Cognard I. , Theureau G. , Bondonneau L. , Gros R. , Loh A. , Main R. A. , Kravtsov I. P. , Zakharenko V. , Kondratiev V. I. , McKee J. W. , Possenti A. , Tiburzi C. , Cecconi B. , Corbel S. , Girard J. N. , Zarka P.
Published: November 2024

The NenuFAR Pulsar Blind Survey (NPBS) is an all-sky survey, searching for pulsars at radio frequencies below 85 MHz with the NenuFAR radio telescope. Taking into account the turnover at low frequencies in the pulsar spectra and the widening of their emission cone towards low frequencies, we expect approximately 8–20 not already discovered pulsars to be detectable by this survey, most of which are likely to be non-standard pulsars or pulsars in unusual parts of the P − Ṗ diagram (such as, e.g. slow pulsars). According to our simulations, we expect the discovered pulsars to feature spectra with spectral indices ≲ −3.2 and low turnover frequencies <<85 MHz. Conversely, a non-detection would give valuable clues as to the population of pulsars in this region of the parameter space. The current first stage of the survey observes declinations above 39° in the frequency range 39–76 MHz. A frequency-averaged sky coverage of 98% is reached by observing 7692 pointings of about 1.5° of radius in 27 min each. The observing programme started in August 2020, and is expected to be completed during 2024. Approximately a third of the data are currently being processed using a search pipeline based on PRESTO with some adaptations to low frequencies. Because of the high scatter broadening and the coarse time resolution, the NPBS searches for pulsars with periods from 30 ms to 30 s and dispersion measures (DMs) between 1 and 70 pc cm−3. In the processed data, 24 known pulsars have been searched in order to verify the observing setup and the search pipeline. Seven of these pulsars have been detected, with DMs between 5 and 42 pc cm−3. The related candidates have periods between 40 ms to 3.5 s, including candidates corresponding to harmonics. Of the seven, six correspond to the most intense pulsars of the set. The last detection is presumably due to a beneficial effect of the scintillation. Based on the faintest detection, the expected minimum signal-to-noise ratio for detecting a pulsar is 4.8, corresponding to a minimum flux of 6.9 mJy in the coldest regions of the sky.
First step toward matter power spectrum reconstruction with Stage III weak gravitational lensing surveys
Authors: Broxterman Jeger C. , Kuijken Konrad
Published: November 2024

Context. Weak gravitational lensing (WL) surveys provide insight into the matter distribution over an extensive range of scales. Current WL results are in mild tension with cosmic microwave background measurements from the early Universe. Reconstructing the matter power spectrum from their measurements instead of condensing the information into a single cosmological parameter may help locate the origin of these differences.

Aims. To investigate the cosmic shear measurements of Stage III WL surveys, we compared their tomographic data by assuming a simple parametric model for the matter power spectrum. The model allows the comparison of surveys with different characteristics and, in an agnostic approach, gives insight into the shape of the matter power spectrum preferred by the data without assuming a cosmological model.

Methods. For the matter power spectrum, we assumed a double power-law model in scale factor and wavenumber. The best-fitting amplitude and exponents were inferred in a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. We identified the scales to which the data is most sensitive. We tested the sensitivity to different assumptions of the intrinsic alignment strength.

Results. We find that the constraining power of Stage III surveys on the power spectrum shape and evolution is still limited. Most information can be summarized as an overall amplitude at a pivot point in wavenumber and scale factor, while constraints on the power-law indices are considerably weaker. Nevertheless, all surveys show a weaker rate of growth from z= 0.5 to 0.1 than predicted. The assumed intrinsic alignment strength is found to have no significant impact on the measured parameters and goodness of fit.

Conclusions. Direct estimates of the matter power spectrum from Stage III weak lensing surveys can, in principle, be used to locate the physical origin of the observed S8 tension. We present a simple methodology for the first steps in this direction, but find that current constraints are still weak.
Modelling of mining constructions stability by the means of rock strength reduction
Authors: Filippov Yury , Makeeva Tamara , Trofimov Vitaly
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the purpose is to improve the approach to the assessment of different stability of slopes, having overcome such a lack of the existing approach as the uncertainty of purpose of the displacement line. The authors of the paper developed a technique of the creation of difficult space objects, such as pits, dumps of breeds on the surfaces containing breeds and ore bodies, breeds of breaks, with the use of spline approximation with their subsequent introduction in the ANSYS computer system. The space model for the geomechanical assessment of the condition of breeds in and in the neighborhood of a pit is offered. The model allows to count the parameters of the intense deformed state of the massif, to remove necessary results in external files and further to use for the analysis of stability both a pit board in general, and its separate elements. The obtained data will allow to define the danger area of the deformation processes development in the career. That gives the opportunity to advance the implementation of necessary actions for ensuring the boards stability.
The role of digitalization in the growth of sustainable development
Authors: Sysolyatin Alexey , Kushova Irina , Rudenko Lyudmila , Mottaeva Angela , Zhilkina Tatyana
Published: November 2024

The formation of sustainable environment under the influence of scientific and technological progress contributes to active digital modernization in various directions, from the formation of an information society to the launch of an e-government system. Digitalization of all areas of life is becoming today a necessary requirement for the sustainable development of countries and regions that want to ensure stable growth and competitiveness in a dynamic and changing world. The key of these areas was the introduction of high-tech developments in entrepreneurship, since the implementation of this area has the most pronounced systemic impact on the competitiveness of economic systems. Therefore, analysis of the level of digitalization of regional economic systems on the territory of the Russian Federation is necessary to achieve sustainable development goals (ESG). The purpose of this article is to assess and analyze the process of digitalization of the economy based on open data.. The materials of the article supplement the concept of digitalization of the Russian economy with empirical data, reveal growth points in the implementation of the digital transformation strategy of the Novosibirsk region, which allows for a more balanced approach to the formation of its new high-tech digital markets and sectors, as well as the management of sustainable development.
Environmental education and its role in the formation of environmental knowledge and attitudes
Authors: Leontev Mikhail
Published: November 2024

Environmental education is an important part of specialist train- ing. Integrated environmental education helps develop future professionals’ abilities to understand the impact of professional activities on the environ- ment, make decisions and act to prevent damage to the environment. This study examines the patterns of integrating environmental education into cur- ricula for training engineers in the field of construction, to study the rela- tionship between environmental knowledge and attitudes. The results showed that students’ environmental knowledge and attitudes to the environ- ment are positively correlated, but to a weak degree. The introduction of environmental education helps develop students’ knowledge and under- standing of environmental problems and their causes.
Status of Mercury and Imp: Two Monte Carlo Transport Codes Developed Using Shared Infrastructure at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Authors: Pozulp Michael , Beck Bret , Bleile Ryan , Brantley Patrick , Dawson Shawn , Gentile Nick , Gonzalez Evan , Grondalski John , Lambert Michael , McKinley Michael , O’Brien Matthew , Procassini Richard , Richards David , Robinson Alex , Sepke Scott , Stevens David , Vega Richard , Yang Max
Published: November 2024

The Monte Carlo Transport Project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory develops two Monte Carlo transport codes used in production by a sizable internal user community. Mercury is a Monte Carlo particle transport code used to model the interaction of neutrons, gammas, and light ions with a material. Imp is an implicit Monte Carlo thermal x-ray photon transport code used to model the interaction of x-ray photons with a material. This paper describes the two codes and highlights recent developments.
Le traitement médical et hygiénique de la dysplasie de la hanche
Authors: Hassoun Roy , Viguier Eric
Published: November 2024

Le traitement de la dysplasie coxo-fémorale chez le chien a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux ces dernières années. Toutes les thérapeutiques proposées partagent l’objectif de soulager la douleur articulaire.

L’efficacité du traitement conservateur dépend de l’association d’un traitement hygiénique, en particulier la perte du poids, des manœuvres de physiothérapie et un traitement médical à base de chondroprotecteurs et d’anti-inflammatoires.
Toutefois, le succès de ce traitement est individu-dépendant. La mise en place de critères d’aide au choix thérapeutique adapté permet de proposer une option en conformité avec les attentes du propriétaire.
Defect interactions in the non-reciprocal Cahn–Hilliard model
Authors: Rana Navdeep , Golestanian Ramin
Published: November 2024

We present a computational study of the pairwise interactions between defects in the recently introduced non-reciprocal Cahn–Hilliard model. The evolution of a defect pair exhibits dependence upon their corresponding topological charges, initial separation, and the non-reciprocity coupling constant α. We find that the stability of isolated topologically neutral targets significantly affects the pairwise defect interactions. At large separations, defect interactions are small and a defect pair is stable. When positioned in relatively close proximity, a pair of oppositely charged spirals or targets merge to form a single target. At low α, like-charged spirals form rotating bound pairs, which are however torn apart by spontaneously formed targets at high α. Similar preference for charged or neutral solutions is also seen for a spiral target pair where the spiral dominates at low α, but concedes to the target at large α. Our work sheds light on the complex phenomenology of non-reciprocal active matter systems when their collective dynamics involves topological defects.
Structural dynamics and electrical conductivity in ethylene glycol/ hydroxyl ammonium chloride as binary deep eutectic mixtures
Authors: Mohamed F , Yahia A S , Mahani R M , Turky G M
Published: November 2024

Deep eutectic mixtures (DEMs) are novel materials with amazing properties. Therefore, in this study, ethylene glycol/hydroxyl ammonium chloride, i.e., EG/HACL binary mixtures were prepared with different concentrations (0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%) starting from neat EG and gradually increasing HACl. Then, their dielectric properties were studied using two dielectric spectrometers with two different frequency ranges (10−1 Hz–107 Hz & 106–3 × 109 Hz) and over a wide temperature range (193–323 K) to investigate the possible dynamic relaxation processes and the electrical properties of the prepared mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also used to investigate the molecular structure. In addition, it displayed peak-broadening and shifts upon mixing, indicating the formation of hydrogen bonding. Interestingly, as the concentration of HACL increases, the conductivity of binary mixtures increases by about 3 orders of magnitude, particularly for the mixture of 6 wt% HACL due to the increasing number of ions added to the mixture and the increasing mobility. The good electrical properties of this binary mixture make it suitable for energy storage technology.
Spectral properties of 4-methylumbelliferone in PVA films; long-lived room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Lee Bong , Alexander Emma , Pham Danh , Gagoś Mariusz , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz , Gryczynski Zygmunt , Gryczynski Ignacy
Published: November 2024

We studied absorption and fluorescence as well as room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films. We focused our study on the long-wavelength basic form of 4MU with absorption centered at 375 nm. The strong fluorescence with a quantum yield of above 70% appears at ∼430 nm. The fluorescence anisotropy of 4MU-doped PVA film is high, reaching a value of about 0.3. The emission with gated detection shows a broad phosphorescence spectrum with a peak at ∼510 nm and a residual delayed fluorescence at 430 nm. The excitation spectra for fluorescence and phosphorescence roughly follows 4MU absorption. The phosphorescence lifetime of 4MU is remarkably long, almost 3 s. 4MU excitation and emission phosphorescence anisotropies are low, very close to zero.