bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Nodules Are More Prevalent in Subjects with Colon Polyps, Independent of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Mousa Umut , Anil Cuneyd , Demir Canan Cicek , Bozkus Yusuf , Ozturk Kubra , Bascil Tutuncu Neslihan , Gursoy Alptekin
Published: March 2019

Objective: Colorectal polyps and thyroid nodules are common disorders linked to hyperinsulinemia and metabolic syndrome (Mets). The direct association between these two diseases is not clear. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of thyroid nodules in subjects with and without colorectal polyps. The secondary aim was to establish the prevalence of Mets and its parameters in both disorders and to determine if insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and five subjects with colorectal polyps (71 males, 34 females) and 68 controls (28 males, 40 females) were enrolled. The parameters of Mets together with TSH, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance levels were calculated. We performed thyroid ultrasonography in all participants. Results: The prevalence of Mets was similar in the colorectal polyp and control groups (37.1 vs. 37.3%, p = 0.982). The prevalence of Mets was nonsignificantly higher in subjects with a documented thyroid nodule compared to subjects without a thyroid nodule (43.0 vs. 32.6%, p = 0.205). The prevalence of thyroid nodules in subjects with colorectal polyps was significantly higher than in subjects without polyps (52.9 vs. 35.3%, p = 0.017). Compared to subjects with no colorectal polyps, we established a significant increase in the odds of having thyroid nodules (OR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.097–3.860, p = 0.017). The presence of colorectal polyps and age in the adjusted model were established to be independent risk factors for having thyroid nodules (p = 0.025 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: These results may support the presence of other common mechanisms in the development of these two pathologies other than insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.
Effect of Interhospital Transfer on Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Venema Esmee , Groot Adrien E. , Lingsma Hester F. , Hinsenveld Wouter , Treurniet Kilian M. , Chalos Vicky , Zinkstok Sanne M. , Mulder Maxim J.H.L. , de Ridder Inger R. , Marquering Henk A. , Schonewille Wouter J. , Wermer Marieke J.H. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Roozenbeek Bob ,   for the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—

To assess the effect of inter-hospital transfer on time to treatment and functional outcome after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke, we compared patients transferred from a primary stroke center to patients directly admitted to an intervention center in a large nationwide registry.

Methods—

MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) Registry is an ongoing, prospective, observational study in all centers that perform EVT in the Netherlands. We included adult patients with an acute anterior circulation stroke who received EVT between March 2014 to June 2016. Primary outcome was time from arrival at the first hospital to arterial groin puncture. Secondary outcomes included the 90-day modified Rankin Scale score and functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2).

Results—

In total 821/1526 patients, (54%) were transferred from a primary stroke center. Transferred patients less often had prestroke disability (227/800 [28%] versus 255/699 [36%];
P
=0.02) and more often received intravenous thrombolytics (659/819 [81%] versus 511/704 [73%];
P
<0.01). Time from first presentation to groin puncture was longer for transferred patients (164 versus 104 minutes;
P
<0.01, adjusted delay 57 minutes [95% CI, 51–62]). Transferred patients had worse functional outcome (adjusted common OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62–0.90]) and less often achieved functional independence (244/720 [34%] versus 289/681 [42%], absolute risk difference −8.5% [95% CI, −8.7 to −8.3]).

Conclusions—

Interhospital transfer of patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with delay of EVT and worse outcomes in routine clinical practice, even in a country where between-center distances are short. Direct transportation of patients potentially eligible for EVT to an intervention center may improve functional outcome.
A New End-title in the Herculaneum Papyri and the First Case of a Preserved subscriptio in One of the Books Assigned to Philodemus’ Systematic Arrangement of the Philosophers (PHerc. 327)
Authors: Ranocchia Graziano
Published: March 2019

Philodemus’ Systematic Arrangement of the Philosophers is witnessed only once in Greek literature (D.L. 10.3). This notwithstanding, several Herculaneum papyri have been assigned to it on various grounds. However, these assignments rest on varying degrees of probability, not least because the name of the author and the title of the work do not survive in any of these books. PHerc. 327, which hands down the so-called [History of the Eleatic and the Atomistic Schools], represents the first such case. I was able to detect its end-title for the first time and to read the name of its author, who is confirmed to be Philodemus. This increases the probability that also other three books which have historically been assigned to this treatise, and whose hands show a close likeness to each other and to PHerc. 327, effectively belong to it, thereby reinforcing the current communis opinio about its internal arrangement.
Dog Parks as an Institutional Resource for Social Capital in the Urban Neighborhood
Authors: Vincent Aviva
Published: March 2019

This literature review seeks to advance the interdisciplinary conversation that dog parks are a resource for building social capital through interpersonal exchange, which is beneficial for both individuals’ health across the life span and for the communities. Dog parks have been linked to health promotion behaviors and improved long-term health of the companion animals and their guardians. Similarly, social capital and dog guardianship have been independently linked to positive health outcomes through a limited amount of literature. By analyzing the relevant literature on the triangulation of social capital, dog-human relationship, and dog parks within the United States through a robust literature review, the author seeks to advance the call for empirical research towards understanding dog parks as a mechanism to create and sustain social capital within urban neighborhoods.
Vulnerable Becomings: Reimagining Human Relationships with Horses and Other Beings
Authors: Pfoutz Emily Blair
Published: March 2019

This piece is part of a larger ethnographic and auto-ethnographic project exploring the intersubjective nature of human-horse entanglements. After elucidating how relationships between horses and humans are often reflective of broader oppressive power structures in human societies, I explore alternative ways of being with horses that create space for reciprocity and have the potential to upend hierarchical logics of domination. I focus on rhythmic attunement and co-created “movement languages,” emphasizing the importance of shared vulnerability, a recognition of individuality, and an attitude of openness rather than control. Ultimately, my experiences with horses function as a starting point for reconceiving our relationships with our other human and nonhuman earthly cohabitants.
Genetically Engineered Nonhuman Animals: A Global Overview and Research Agenda
Authors: Keane Oliver
Published: March 2019

This paper suggests studies on genetically engineering nonhuman animal genes have globalized over the last 30 years. The results unveil maps that give a global overview of universities’ studies into engineering animal genes, by purpose and by species, at a state scale. A network map also shows how studies on engineering animal genes are co-constituted internationally, at a state scale. Some of the more notable map findings are developed using a novel ontological approach. This ontology relates the being of an animal, a constitutive lack, to power relations. The beings of animals are trapped into serving capital through the engineering of their genes. This reconfiguration allows the ensnaring of the body in agricultural, or other, power relations. The scale of this carceral archipelago is positioned as a global risk. Life energy, by nature, resists capture. Therefore, the paper concludes that the clock is ticking on genetic scientists’ Faustian bargain.
The Animal Question Meets Environmental Policy—Perspectives from Finland
Authors: Ratamäki Outi
Published: March 2019

The welfare and rights of nonhuman animals have become highly politicized issues, and political arguments concerning these topics are bound to collide with opposing views and face problems of legitimacy. This article seeks insights especially by drawing comparisons with environmental policy. This is implemented by showing how the animal question has been connected with different environmentally relevant policy questions in Finland. Analysis is backed up by earlier research literature about the differences between animal and environmental questions. This analysis shows that, in real-life situations, these two policy goals can be molded into various combinations, and the theoretical and sometimes highly polarized debates about the differences between the animal question and environmentalism do not always lead to conflict.
The Representation of Micro-diverse Koreans
Authors: Thompson Benjamin C.
Published: March 2019

South Korea has changed from a culturally homogeneous to a heterogeneous country through international marriages and “multicultural families.” This produces a unique kind of diversity in the experiences of families and individual persons, which may require political representation. This phenomenon of multiplicitous identity can be called “micro-diversity.” Although Korea has multicultural policies in response, its difference blind legislative representation is problematised in the process. Existing research into “descriptive representation” has explained why existing groups should be represented by members for reasons of significant historical disadvantages. These theories remain inapplicable or opposed to representing micro-diversity in Korea, where group attachment amongst micro-diverse persons is currently unclear. The paper shows, however, that potential groups are always part of representative relationships and that these are never equivalent to current constituencies. Hence, compelling norms of descriptive representation for potential groups may be articulated, which justify descriptive representation for micro-diverse Koreans.
Understanding Filipino Korean Pop Music Fans
Authors: Capistrano Erik Paolo
Published: March 2019

Hallyu’s success has caught the attention of academic research of various fields of expertise. This research endeavours to understand what makes Korean Pop music popular to Filipinos, addressing two research gaps: the lack of empirical management discourse, and the lack of focus on the Philippine KPop market. This research employs a theoretical model derived from an academic and practical product development and consumer behaviour discourse. Data collected from 932 Filipino respondents was subjected to several statistical tests, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA), hierarchical regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results suggest that Filipino KPop fans are more concerned about the external environment that influences what is popular, rather than what looks and sounds good. Furthermore, KPop fan behaviour homogeneously cuts across age, gender, and backgrounds. This presents several useful theoretical and managerial implications enhancing the overall picture of KPop’s international impact.
The imitation dilemma: can parrots maintain their vocal individuality when imitating conspecifics?
Authors: Thomsen Heidi M. , Balsby Thorsten J.S. , Dabelsteen Torben
Published: March 2019

Many species of parrots live in fission–fusion social systems, characterised by frequent changes in flock composition. In these systems, the ability to selectively choose flock members is essential in order to maximise individual fitness. As a result, most species of parrots have individual distinctive contact calls that mediate the formation of groups during fission and fusion events. However, in vocal interactions during fission and fusion events, individuals will modify the fine-scale structure of their contact calls in a manner that sometimes will result in imitation of the contact calls of another individual, potentially altering or weakening the individual distinctiveness of contact calls. This presents parrots with an interesting dilemma. Here we present a study investigating the effect of vocal modification during interactions, including vocal imitation, on the individual distinctiveness and sex-specific differences of contact calls from ten captive bred peach-fronted conures (Eupsittula aurea). In order to determine if vocal individual- and sex distinctiveness persists in contact calls that are modified to that of another individual, we compared nine acoustic parameters from spontaneous (baseline) contact calls and contact calls emitted as response to a playback stimulus. Although modified, all acoustic parameters remained individually distinctive when the focal individuals interacted with the playback stimulus. These results provide a strong basis for discriminating between calls from different individuals across several social contexts, which could play an important role in mediating selective associations between individual peach-fronted conures during fission and fusion events.
Reappraisal and redescription of the three species of the recently defined genus Guinearma Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017, with a key to the West African Sesarmidae (Decapoda, Brachyura)
Authors: Shahdadi Adnan , Mvogo Ndongo Pierre A. , Suess Theresa , Schubart Christoph D.
Published: March 2019

West African mangroves host seven species of sesarmid crabs; three of which belong to the recently established genus Guinearma Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017, i.e., G. alberti (Rathbun, 1921), G. huzardi (Desmarest, 1825), and G. kamermani (De Man, 1883). The last species was originally described based on a single male specimen, and no further record has been published so far. Moreover, the three species of Guinearma were previously only briefly and superficially described. Along with some new records for G. kamermani, here we newly describe and illustrate the three species of Guinearma in detail, and discuss their diagnostic key features (mostly chelar characters). To facilitate their identification in the field, the other four species of West African Sesarmidae (i.e., Armases elegans (Herklots, 1851), Chiromantes angolense (De Brito Capello, 1864), C. buettikoferi (De Man, 1883), and Metagrapsus curvatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)) are also illustrated and an identification key is provided.
Linguistic Hospitality—The Risk of Translation
Authors: Kearney Richard
Published: March 2019

This essay examines the recent critical debate on the hermeneutics of hospitality. It explores the philosophical and ethical implications of Paul Ricoeur’s notion of linguistic hospitality as a translation between host and guest, enemy and friend, and compares it to Derrida’s notion of impossible hospitality.
Nothing Else Matters
Authors: Blok Vincent
Published: March 2019

If the world in which we are intentionally involved is threatened by climate change, this raises the question about our place on Earth. In this article, we argue that the ecological crisis we face today draws our attention to the Earth as ontic-ontological condition of our being-in-the-world. Because the Earth is often reflected upon in relation to human existence, living systems or material entities in the philosophical tradition, we argue for an ontological concept of the materiality of the Earth as un-correlated being in this article. We develop five principles of the materiality of the Earth: the conativity, non-identity, responsiveness, performativity and eventuality of the Earth. We will argue that it is this notion of Earth that matters to us in the age of global warming.
A New Look at the Agency of Qāḍīs: Israeli Sharīʿa Courts as a Case Study
Authors: Shahar Ido
Published: March 2019

In the literature on Islamic law, qāḍīs are usually depicted as lower-level jurists, who are marginalized by other actors in the Sharīʿa field (such as muftīs, author-jurists and legislators) and therefore have no significant impact on the development of Islamic law. The article calls for a reevaluation of this assessment, arguing that modern qāḍīs actually possess far-reaching agency for transforming Islamic law. A case study of the Sharīʿa courts in Israel serves as illustration for the argument. It is shown that qāḍīs in Israel employ a broad range of judicial and extra-judicial mechanisms for the purpose of introducing innovations into applied Islamic law in their courts. In particular, the ­article dwells on judicial tools for reforms such as procedural reforms, innovations in evidence rules, and several types of material reforms (takhayyur, hybridization of Islamic and non-Islamic principles, and the continuous operationalization of Islamic concepts).
Isaiah 10:34 and the “Ambiguous Oracle” in Josephus, Bellum 6.312–313 (Part Two)
Authors: Aus Roger David
Published: March 2019

In the previous issue of this journal, after an introduction to the topic, I analyzed in section 1. Eschatological Fervor and Messianic Hopes; in section 2. The King, the Messiah, Is Only to Come from Judea; in section 3. Isaiah in Judaic Tradition; and in section 4. Hezekiah in Judaic Tradition. This prepared for the sections included here: 5. Isaiah, Hezekiah, and the Siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib in Judaic Tradition; 6. Isa. 10:34; and 7. Summary and Conclusions.
The Role of the Homilistic Disputes with Appion (Hom. 4-6)
Authors: De Vos Benjamin
Published: March 2019

The Pseudo-Clementines is the traditional title of a unique Christian novel (3rd- 4th century) transmitted in several versions. This article focuses on the Greek version, called the Homilies, and more specifically on a much discussed part of these, namely the discussions with the pagan Appion. The passage in which the main character Clement enters into discussion with Appion shows us how those characters claim truth and argue about true culture, philosophy, education, sexuality etc.. This passage is all too often considered as “separate” and “alien” in Pseudo-Clementine source criticism, making it underexposed territory in rhetorical and literary but also philosophical research. This contribution offers a rhetorical and narrative analysis of those disputes with Appion including some philosophical insights. This analysis also serves as a case study for the overall reading experience and the general interpretation of the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies.
Feeding and osmoregulation in the euryhaline crab Neohelice granulata: digestive parameter responses
Authors: Méndez Eugenia , López Mañanes Alejandra A. , Pinoni Silvina A.
Published: March 2019

When a species often experiences variation in its environmental conditions, metabolic flexibility is required. We studied the duration of the digestive cycle and the activity of key digestive enzymes (proteolytic, amylase, lipase) at short and long times after feeding in the hepatopancreas of the osmoregulator crab Neohelice granulata from the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We compared these responses upon hyper-regulation and under osmoconformation conditions (10 and 35 psu). The results show the ability of this crab to hyper-regulate in different feeding states. No significant differences were observed in the duration pattern of the digestive cycle between hyper-regulation and osmoconformity. However, distinct responses after feeding were observed in the activities of the digestive enzymes studied in relation to the osmoregulatory state. In individuals exposed to 35 psu, proteolytic activity was higher at 8 h and remained constant until 72 h after feeding. At 10 psu, this activity was higher at 48 h after feeding than before feeding. At 35 psu, the amylase activity after feeding was greater than the prefeeding activity. No differences were observed in the activity of lipase at 35 psu, but at 10 psu this activity was lower 1 h after feeding than before feeding. This work constitutes a contribution to our knowledge of the physiology of crustaceans and attempts to clarify the possible mechanisms of digestive settings associated with hyper-regulation.
Preserving Vulnerable Evidence at the International Criminal Court – the Article 56 Milestone in Ongwen
Authors: Bradfield Paul
Published: March 2019

Article 56 of the Rome Statute allows for the preservation of evidence that may not be available at trial. In 2015, this provision was invoked to record the testimony of seven vulnerable victims of sexual and gender-based crimes in the Dominic Ongwen case. Occurring in the pre-trial phase of the case, before charges were pleaded or even confirmed, this overlooked development sets an important judicial precedent at the International Criminal Court (icc). It represents a milestone precedent for future cases, not just in terms of circumventing situations of witness interference, but more importantly, in safeguarding vulnerable victims and witnesses, and preserving their evidence for any eventual trial.
Whom Should We Target to Prevent? Analysis of Organized Crime in England using Intelligence Records
Authors: Denley John , Ariel Barak
Published: March 2019

Much of the literature on organized crime is based on media, arrests and prosecution records, while research based on intelligence data on this otherwise clandestine criminality is scarce. We present aggregated intelligence data on all known organized crime groups (ocgs) and ocgs members in West Midlands region of the United Kingdom, encompassing records on 2,726 highly-prolific offenders and 280 groups, collated based on over a million records from multiple law enforcement agencies. Using a cross-sectional analysis of the records, we describe in granular details the characteristics, patterns and criminal endeavor of organized crime in one of the largest regions in the United Kingdom. Social network analyses are explored as well, in order to observe the links between both offenders within the same ocg as well as between ocgs. The results debunk previously assumed notions about suitable targets in the policing of organized crime. (a) Based on internal records, police pursue is responsible for the archiving of less than 6% of inactive ocgs, while more than 2/3’s of the ocgs become inactive due to ‘market’ reasons regardless of enforcement pursues; (b) more than half of ocg members have ‘replaceable’, low-level jobs (i.e., drug suppliers, enforcers and criminal activity organizers), while 20% are considered principal members of the groups (who are older and more experienced offenders, as per their arrest records) (c) larger ocgs appear to pose a greater threat to society than smaller ocgs, while the latter are more likely to be ‘naturally’ dispersed over time; (d) given the inefficiencies that characterize the current pursue approach, a promising avenue of exploration is the targeting of younger and less experienced co-offenders of ocg members, before they ‘formally’ join the ocgs and through preventative mechanism. We discuss these findings and offer scholars and practitioners new considerations for future inquiries.
Children’s Representation in Family Law Proceedings
Authors: Mol Charlotte
Published: March 2019

In the debate on child participation in family law proceedings, a pertinent question is whether or not to provide children with representation and if so, how to provide it. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (uncrc) provides minimum standards for the child’s right to express views and to do so, in judicial proceedings, through a representative. This article takes these minimum standards as a yardstick to evaluate the legal frameworks of child representation in the family law proceedings of four jurisdictions: Australia (New South Wales), France, the Netherlands and South Africa. On the basis of a systematic legal comparison and evaluation, this article presents a “compliance report card” and concludes with new insights and questions regarding children’s representation and Article 12, uncrc.
‘Ask Us … This Is Our Country’: Designing Laws and Policies with Aboriginal Children and Young People
Authors: Doel-Mackaway Holly
Published: March 2019

If asked, and asked in the appropriate circumstances, Aboriginal children and young people have much to say about governance, law and policy – particularly about matters that are likely to affect their lives. Findings from field research conducted in the Northern Territory of Australia reveal a group of Aboriginal children and young people’s views about why and how they could be involved in designing legislative provisions such as the Australian Government’s “Northern Territory Emergency Response” and Stronger Futures legislation – commonly referred to as the Intervention. These findings support the conclusion that in order to create culturally appropriate, durable and relevant laws and policies, governments must first seek, then incorporate, Aboriginal children and young people’s views when designing measures likely to affect their lives – and do so in a manner that is consistent with article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc).
Dating the Aramaic Stele Sefire I
Authors: Dušek Jan
Published: March 2019

Based on palaeography and the supposed relative chronology of the three Aramaic steles from Sefire, various dates in the first half of the 8th century BCE have been proposed for the stele Sefire I. In this article, I propose a new reading in the inscription of part of the name of Aššur-dān III, one of the kings of Assyria from the first half of the 8th century BCE. This new reading, together with other available data, especially those gleaned from Neo-Assyrian written sources, provides the basis for a more precise dating of the inscription on stele Sefire I.
From Boxes and Cabinets to the Bibliotheca: Building the Jewish Library of the Ex-Conversos in Amsterdam, 1620–1665
Authors: Fisher Benjamin
Published: March 2019

In the early seventeenth century, members of Amsterdam’s Portuguese Jewish community assembled a significant collection of Jewish—and especially Sephardi—literature that served as a crucial resource for scholars, religious leaders, and students. This article explores Jewish and Christian models that may have shaped the project of book collecting; it traces the changing perception of book collecting in the community; and it identifies shifts in the cultural profile of the texts being collected. The arrival of Ashkenazi immigrants fleeing war in eastern Europe spurred the collection of new texts, and the blending of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish cultures.
Relationality as the Ground of Being: The One as Pure Relation in Plotinus
Authors: Filler James
Published: March 2019

My main argument will be that Plotinus’ notion of The One is best understood as “pure relation”. I will argue that Aristotle’s understanding of relation as being determined by relata has been the dominant understanding and that this is wrong-headed, that relata are actually determined by relationality. Thus, relation is actually ontologically prior to the relata. This entails that the First Principle of Being is pure relation.
Erasmus’ Paraphrases on the New Testament and the Presentation of Christ’s Teaching
Authors: Mack Peter
Published: March 2019

Erasmus wrote his Paraphrases on the New Testament (1517–1524) at the climactic point of his literary career, just after his new edition of the New Testament, the humanistic edition of the Adagia and his edition of the works of St Jerome. This lecture asks why Erasmus gave so much time to paraphrase at such a key moment, what he hoped his paraphrase would give to early sixteenth-century Christians, and how his paraphrase clarifies, dramatizes and adds to the Biblical text. It analyses quotations from the paraphrases on Romans and the Gospel of Mark, relating to his historicization of the text, his criticism of the contemporary church, and his presentation of issues of law, grace and faith, the appropriate attitude to civic authority and Christian love. It compares Erasmus’ approach to teaching from the New Testament to his hero Rudolph Agricola’s Oration on Christ’s Nativity (1484) and to Philipp Melanchthon’s approach in the first version of his Loci communes (1521).
Negated tautologies and copular contradictions
Authors: Escandell-Vidal Victoria , Vilinbakhova Elena
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates utterances with the structure A is not A, showing that they can be fully informative and are felicitously used and understood in discourse. Relying on the notions of metalinguistic and metarepresentational negation, we argue that the class of utterances A is not A is heterogeneous and differs in regard to the lower-order representation under the scope of the negative operator. Specifically, we distinguish negated tautologies and copular contradictions. The understanding of negated tautologies involves identifying the corresponding affirmative deep tautology (Bulhof & Gimbel, 2001) and rejecting the assumptions derived from it. The interpretation of copular contradictions is based on distinguishing each of the occurrences of the repeated constituent as describing (a) one single referent with different properties; (b) two different referents satisfying the same description in different evaluation worlds; (c) two different referents, with different properties, which are accessed by means of the same linguistic expression.
Current issues in the ontology and form of directive speech acts
Authors: Ruytenbeek Nicolas
Published: March 2019

A general issue in pragmatics concerns the definitions of speech act (SA) types. Cognitive linguists agree that a directive SA involves a speaker exerting a force towards her addressee’s (A) performance of some action, and the subtypes of directives have been approached in terms of a metaphorical grounding based on force image-schemas. These idealized cognitive models include graded features, the values and the centrality of which differ across directive subtypes. I address the relationship between the form of utterances used as directives and the ontology of directives, and I discuss recent experiments supporting a view of SA s as graded categories. I show that these approaches enable adopting an empirically adequate distinction between the levels of pragmatic meaning and semantic meaning, which raises interesting possibilities for further experimental work on speech act recognition in cognitive linguistics.
Exclamatives, exclamations, miratives and speaker’s meaning
Authors: Unger Christoph
Published: March 2019

Exclamations, exclamatives and miratives are utterances that do not merely convey some informative content, but are designed to express the emotional attitude of surprise. In this paper I argue that analysing what it means to express surprise must be based on three main ideas: (1) the idea that exclamatives are instances of metarepresentational use; (2) the idea that what is communicated in exclamatives and exclamations are what relevance theorists call impressions, rather than definite propositions, where impressions are communicated by slightly increasing the manifestness of a whole range of propositions; and (3) the idea that utterances may not only communicate by conveying Gricean meaning, but also by showing, i.e. by providing direct evidence for certain thoughts. Thus, what is communicated in exclamatives and exclamations is typically not reducible to Gricean speaker meanings. I outline the implications of my approach by comparing it to some recent semantic accounts.
Vergangene Zukünfte
Authors: Schilling Michael
Published: March 2019

A significant rise in the number of literary prophecies occurs during the first years of the Thirty Years War. In the following, the author suggests a typology of literary prophecies between 1618 and 1622. In addition, he analyzes the characteristics of literary prophecies in details. Finally, he discusses some of the social and political functions the prophecies had.
Diaristische Aufzeichnung, publizistische Umsetzung
Authors: Eybl Franz M.
Published: March 2019

Two Jesuits accompanied duke Maximilian’s campaign from Munich to Prague in 1620 in their courtly functions and recorded in Latin diaries the advance through Upper and Lower Austria and Bohemia as eyewitnesses. Johann Buslidius was the prince’s archivist, Jeremias Drexel his court preacher, one of the most important and successful religious writers of the epoch. This essay attempts to describe the conditions for recording and publishing war depictions in the context of Upper German Catholic denominational culture. Discussed are the differences between incident and recording (on the basis of different diary entries concerning a mutiny in Linz, Upper Austria), the thematization of war in Drexel’s religious writings, the differences between recording and printing in official publications about the war campaign (journal, pamphlet, panegyric, sermon) as well as the denominational differences in the evaluation and historical classification of the Thirty Years War.
Recognition and pathos
Authors: Mills Jon
Published: March 2019

Throughout this essay I offer an adumbrated critique of recognition theory through a psychoanalytic sensibility. Contemporary recognition theory relies on an overly optimistic and intellectualized view of social relations that fails to adequately consider pathological processes inherent in human motivation, particularly those that are unconsciously mediated by collective prejudice and dysrecognition. In revisiting the Hegelian struggle for recognition, much of social reality today is mired in a collective pathos that prevents optimal mutual recognition among social collectives. Not all people are disposed, let alone capable, of recognizing the Other. We may have to contend that, in the end, recognition means tolerance of difference and not merely acceptance of one other, which could still bring about a pragmatic co-existence even if people cannot recognize each other as equals. This is largely due, I suggest, to the ontology of prejudice, attachment deficits, and the failure to adopt empathy toward alterity.
Économie-monde et civilisation russe selon Fernand Braudel. Un dialogue entre historiens français et soviétiques
Authors: Cœuré Sophie
Published: March 2019

Cet article se propose de questionner la lecture de l’espace russe par Fernand Braudel (1902-1985). Le rôle de Fernand Braudel dans l’invention des aires culturelles à la française et sa promotion des échanges Est-Ouest sont contextualisés par l’histoire du dialogue asymétrique et politisé entre historiens français et soviétiques. L’article montre que son analyse de l’économie-monde russe des 16e-18e siècles et de la civilisation russe a amené Braudel à proposer un décentrement original de l’analyse spatiale, loin du regard occidental traditionnellement porté de l’Ouest vers l’Est. Cette lecture a été en partie effacée par l’ombre portée du marxisme.
Die Vereinigung Ivangorods mit Narva unter städtebaulicher Betrachtung (1645-1649)
Authors: Herfurth Stefan
Published: March 2019

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Artikels stehen die städtebauliche Vereinigung Ivangorods mit Narva und die daraus resultierenden Ressentiments zwischen den deutschen Kaufleuten und der russischen Bevölkerung Ivangorods. Die zähe Umsiedlung wird dabei gegenläufig im Sinne des städtisch-merkantilen Wettbewerbs analysiert und in den Kontext der städtebaulichen Erweiterung eingebunden. Im Betrachtungzeitraum von 1617 bis 1657 werden auch die Diskussionen über eine urbane Integration der russischen Bevölkerung in Narva diskutiert.
Language-Specific Transitivities in Contact: The Case of Coptic
Authors: Grossman Eitan
Published: March 2019

This paper sketches the integration of Greek-origin loan verbs into the valency and transitivity patterns of Coptic (Afroasiatic, Egypt), arguing that transitivities are language-specific descriptive categories, and the comparison of donor-language transitivity with target-language transitivity reveals fine-grained degrees of loan-verb integration. Based on a comparison of Coptic Transitivity and Greek Transitivity, it is shown that Greek-origin loanwords are only partially integrated into the transitivity patterns of Coptic. Specifically, while Greek-origin loan verbs have the same coding properties as native verbs in terms of the A domain, i.e., Differential Subject Marking (dsm), they differ in important respects in terms of the P domain, i.e., Differential Object Marking (dom) and Differential Object Indexing (doi). A main result of this study is that language contact – specifically, massive lexical borrowing – can induce significant transitivity splits in a language’s lexicon and grammar. Furthermore, the findings of this study cast doubt on the usefulness of an overarching cross-linguistic category of transitivity.
Kitsch and Perception: Towards a New ‘Aesthetic from Below’
Authors: Ortlieb Stefan A. , Carbon Claus-Christian
Published: March 2019

Although kitsch is one of the most important concepts of twentieth-century art theory, it has gone widely unnoticed by empirical aesthetics. In this article we make a case that the study of kitsch is of considerable heuristic value for both empirical aesthetics and art perception. As a descriptive term, kitsch appears like a perfect example of hedonic fluency. In fact, the frequently invoked opposition of kitsch and art reflects two types of aesthetic experience that can be reliably distinguished in terms of processing dynamics: a disfluent one that promises new insights but requires cognitive elaboration (art), and a fluent one that consists of an immediate, unreflective emotional response but leaves us with what we already know (kitsch). Yet as a derogatory word, kitsch draws our attention to a general disregard for effortless emotional gratification in modern Western aesthetics that can be traced back to eighteenth-century Rationalism. Despite all efforts of Pop Art to embrace kitsch and to question normative values in art, current models of aesthetic liking—including fluency-based ones—still adhere to an elitist notion of Modern art that privileges style over content and thereby excludes what is essential not only for popular taste and Postmodern art but also for premodern artistic production: emotionally rich content. Revisiting Fechner’s (Vorschule der Aesthetik, 1876) criticism of highbrow aesthetics we propose a new aesthetic from below (Aesthetik von Unten) that goes beyond processing characteristics by taking content- and context-related associations into account.
Narrative Sequence Position of Close-Ups Influences Cognitive and Affective Processing and Facilitates Theory of Mind
Authors: Bálint Katalin E. , Rooney Brendan
Published: March 2019

Close-up shots have been shown to modulate affective, cognitive and theory-of-mind responding to visual narratives. However, the role of close-up’s narrative-sequence position, that is the relative timing of close-up shots in a visual narrative, is largely unknown. Participants watched one of ten versions of the same animated film, after we inserted a close-up shot (neutral or a sad face) at one of five different time points. Story recall responses of 168 participants were analyzed by the Linguistic Inquiry of Word Count, a computerized content analysis software, and coded manually for theory of mind. The narrative-sequence position of the close-up influenced the level of cognitive processing, affective processing, and theory of mind evident in participant responses where a U-shaped relationship was observed for the close-up position. These findings further our understanding of how close-ups affect narrative processing and are of relevance for studies on formal features in visual narratives.
Seventeenth-Century Jesuit Explorers’ Maps of the Great Lakes and Their Influence on Subsequent Cartography of the Region
Authors: Kupfer Carl , Buisseret David
Published: March 2019

When the French coureurs des bois and missionaries began to penetrate the interior of North America around the middle of the seventeenth century, they were confronted with a hydrological system of remarkable complexity, unique in the world. Some hints of the relationship of the five Great Lakes had been garnered by Samuel de Champlain in the early part of the century, but the western Great Lakes remained virtually unknown to Europeans about 1650. The delineation of this region was the work of four Jesuit-trained cartographers, whose work can (rather unusually) be completely traced from exploration to the original manuscript and then to the versions printed in Europe. It was in this way that French Jesuit maps came to form part of the North American cartographic image of many contemporary Europeans.
Scrutinizing the Heavens, Measuring the Earth: Joseph Liesganig’s Contribution to the Mapping of the Habsburg Lands in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Veres Madalina Valeria
Published: March 2019

The Viennese Jesuit Joseph Liesganig made a significant contribution to the transformation of Habsburg mapmaking into a “scientific” enterprise before the dissolution of the Jesuit order. Liesganig’s work began at the Vienna University Observatory as part of Empress Maria Theresa’s and Chancellor Kaunitz’s effort to build a network of scientific centers within the Habsburg lands. His 1769 field journal from his measurement of a meridian arc in the Hungarian plain and the resulting map disclose details about the personnel working with Liesganig, the instruments they used and their methodology. Although Liesganig failed to convince Maria Theresa to connect geodetic and astronomical measurements when mapping the Habsburg territories, Liesganig’s 1769 instructions on how to represent large territories on a map based on mathematical principles shaped Maria Theresa’s decision to commission a general survey of Lower Austria based on this method. These ties to court-sponsored science suggest why Habsburg monarchs only reluctantly implemented the papal directive to dissolve the Jesuit order in 1773. The Habsburgs continued to employ ex-Jesuits in their lands because of the important functions figures like Liesganig fulfilled in the domain of scientific development and cartography.
Changing the Discourse: Post-Expulsion Jesuit Cartography of Spanish America
Authors: Altic Mirela
Published: March 2019

The suppression of the Jesuit order influenced the overall production and content of post-expulsion Jesuit cartography, however, important differences in terms of content and discourse can be seen in terms of maps by former Jesuits created in Europe (esp. the Italian Peninsula and Central Europe) as well as the origin of Jesuit mapmakers (Creole / non-Creole). The reasons for this included the cartographic sources that the Jesuits used in exile, the new intellectual circles within which they exchanged geographic and cartographic knowledge, and the reception Jesuit maps had among former Jesuits as well as within European commercial cartography. Post-expulsion Jesuit cartography also had important impacts on intercultural transfers between Europe and the New World more generally. The study makes a comparative analysis of examples of the post-expulsion Jesuit cartography (manuscript and printed) from New Mexico, Chile, Paraguay, Quito, and Nueva Granada.
Oscar Werner, S.J., and the Reform of Catholic Atlas Cartography in Germany (1884–88)
Authors: H. Meurer Peter
Published: March 2019

The article describes a short but innovative chapter in the history of Catholic atlas making. The work was done by exiled German Jesuits in the Dutch houses after the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1872 during the Kulturkampf. The project began in 1880–81 with four maps of China and India in the Catholic journal Die katholischen Missionen by Alexander Baumgartner, S.J. (1841–1910). His work was taken over by Oscar Werner, S.J. (1849–?). Werner’s Katholischer Missions-Atlas (1884) was the first Catholic missionary atlas. Its twenty-seven maps covered the worldwide dioceses subject to the Propaganda Fide. The supplementary Katholischer Kirchen-Atlas (1888) included fourteen maps of lands with an established Catholic hierarchy. Published in a large number of copies for a low price, both atlases helped to popularize Catholic cartography. This Jesuit groundwork abruptly ended when Werner resigned from the Society in 1891. The German tradition in Catholic atlas cartography was then taken over by members of Society of Divine Word, beginning with the Katholischer Missionsatlas (1906) by Karl Streit svd (1874–1935) and continuing for over a century with the Atlas hierarchicus (1913–2011).
Physiological validation of a non-invasive method to evaluate adrenocortical activity and the time course for the excretion of stress hormones in the feces of three species of desert gerbils
Authors: Juliana Justin R. St. , Bryant Jocelyn L. , Wielebnowski Nadja , Kotler Burt P.
Published: March 2019

We evaluated the suitability of a corticosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to monitor excretion of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) in response to Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and saline injections in three desert rodent species (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi (GA), Gerbillus nanus (GN), and Gerbilis piridium (GP). We exposed 24 gerbils (N = 9 for GA, N = 7 for GN, N = 8 for GP) to an ACTH and a saline injection at different times. Fecal samples were collected hourly for 24 hours after injection. The average starting concentration (baseline) FGM concentration was 797 ng/g for GA, 183 ng/g for GN, and 749 ng/g for GP. The average peak concentration was 2377 ng/g for GA, 589 ng/g for GN, and 1987 ng/g for GP. We were able to provide a physiological validation for the chosen assay in GAs and GPs, however, our results for GNs were less clear. We found an increase in FGM concentrations on average after 5.5 hours in GA, 3.1 hours in GN, and 3.8 hours in GP. We found a peak in FGM concentration on average after 8.8 hours in GA, 5.6 hours in GN, and 10.3 hours in GP. We determined that FGM concentration returned to starting value on average after 14.4 hours in GA, 9.1 hours in GN, and 15.1 hours in GP. The outcomes of this study can help establish trapping protocols and time frames for FGM monitoring of these wild small mammal populations. The time course for excretion of FGM is similar between the species in this study, and comparable to some non-desert rodents. We found high variation in the time course of excretion within species. This variation needs to be taken into account when monitoring stress responses in the field. By assessing adrenocortical activity using FGM monitoring, stress responses to varying ecological and environmental factors can be reliably examined in the field.