bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The preventive effect of dexmedetomidine on acute kidney injury after major abdominal surgery : a propensity score matched cohort study
Authors: Liu Haibei , Luo Rong , Qian Liu , Zhang Yujun , Zhang Wensheng , Tan Juan , Ye Ling
Published: August 2024

Background: Major abdominal surgery, which defined as intraperitoneal approach performed under general anesthesia with duration no less than 120min, is a kind of high-risk surgery type for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI among non-cardiac surgeries. Based on the apparent renal protective effect of dexmedetomidine demonstrated in cardiac surgery and animal study, this study assumed that the dexmedetomidine could prevent the postoperative AKI after major abdominal surgery.
Method: Patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery from January 2019 to July 2021 in West China Hospital were enrolled. According to whether exposure to intravenous use of dexmedetomidine, patients were divided to Dex group and Control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI in the postoperative 7 days. Secondary outcomes included urine output during operation, renal function on the first day after surgery, length of hospital stays, incidence of postoperative dialysis; mortality in hospital; incidence of hypotension and bradycardia during operation, and incidence of positive inotropic agents and vasopressors use.
Main results: After propensity score matching with ratio of 1:1, a total of 8836 patients were successfully matched. The dexmedetomidine administration has no association with incidence of postoperative AKI, dialysis, intraoperative hypotension, ICU admission , in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stays, but has association with increased urine output (450.00 (250.00, 700.00) vs. 400.00 (200.00, 600.00) ml; P<0.001) and higher value of eGFR (97.33±15.95 vs. 96.13±16.35 ml/min/1.73m2, P<0.001) on the first day after surgery and incidence of bradycardia (37.0% vs. 30.6%; P<0.001) during operation in the matched cohort. In loading dose subgroup, the use of dexmedetomidine decreased the incidence of AKI (OR: 0.44, 95% CI (0.23, 0.76), P=0.006). The association between dexmedetomidine and AKI was absence in subgroups of high or low infusion rate and no loading dose using.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine might have a dose-dependent preventive effect on AKI after major abdominal surgery. The use of dexmedetomidine with loading dose could reduce the incidence of postoperative AKI and had the function of renal protection.
A decade of German heatwaves evident in social media data
Authors: Zander Kerstin Katharina , Nguyen Duy Duy , Garnett Stephen T
Published: August 2024

Heat is a global public health risk which kills many people every year. This is true even in temperate climates like that of Europe which has experienced an increasing number of intense heatwaves in the last decade. This study uses a unique dataset of more than 57,000 X (formerly Twitter) conversations from users in Germany about heatwaves over the period 2013 to 2022. Structural topic modelling revealed nine topics, with an increase in the number and diversity of topics since 2018, a year of unprecedented drought and heatwaves in Europe, including Germany. Before 2018, German tweets related to heatwaves primarily expressed concern about heatwaves on a global scale, such about wildfires in Australia. In 2015 there was brief spike tweets in which people began to comment on the local impacts of heat on their lives. Topics in 2015 included complaints about heat, air-conditioning shortages and heat-related train delays. From 2018, however, conversations have proliferated about local heat impacts and personal adaptations along with frequent heat warnings and advice on how to cope with and relieve heat. European droughts and wildfires also gained prominence from 2018 onwards, with concern about heat and drought shifting from being a problem outside Europe to one affecting many European countries, including those frequently visited by Germans as tourists.
Differential effects of GPT-based tools on comprehension of standardized passages
Authors: Etkin Hudson , Etkin Kai , Carter Ryan , Rolle Camarin
Published: August 2024

Due to the rapidly improving capability of large language models such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer models (GPT), artificial intelligence (AI) based tools have entered use in education at scale. However, empirical data are largely lacking on the effects of AI tools on learning. Here, we determine the impact of four GPT-based tools on college-aged participants’ comprehension of standardized American College Test (ACT)-derived passages and associated tests using a randomized cross-over online study (n = 195). The four tools studied were AI-generated summaries, AI-generated outlines, a question-and-answer tutor chatbot, and a Socratic discussion chatbot. Consistent with our pre-registered hypotheses, we found a differential effect of AI tools based on baseline reading comprehension ability. AI tools significantly improved comprehension in lower performing participants and significantly worsened comprehension in higher performing participants. With respect to specific tools, low performers were most benefited by the Socratic chatbot while high performers were worsened most by the summary tool. These findings suggest that while AI tools have massive potential to enhance learning, blanket implementation may cause unintended harm to higher-performing students, calling for caution and further empirical study from developers and educators. Introduction
Training of Technical Versus Non-Technical Skills – a Randomised Study of what a German Paramedic Needs
Authors: Eismann Hendrik , Halser Jörn , Robert Mathias , Markus Flentje
Published: August 2024

Background
The working environment of pre-hospital emergency medicine represents the framework conditions of high-risk organisations. Non-technical skills are an important foundation for successful performance. In Germany, a new job profile - advanced paramedic - was introduced in 2014, which for the first time also recognized non-technical skills in the curriculum. Another special feature is that for the first time it is regulated how non-physicians proceed with selected extended procedures, such as the application of selected medication. The advanced paramedic has a mandatory annual training requirement of 30 hours. Since there are no requirements in terms of content, we investigated whether training of non-technical or technical skills improve the care of a simulated patient. The results should indicate which priorities should be set in training.
Methods
Teams were randomised while training and debriefing took place depending on the study arm with a focus on technical procedures and non-technical skills. Six months later, we evaluated the performance of the teams in a simulation scenario using “time key item product” score and the use of incident management methods.
Results
Comparing performance with CRM and technical training, we found no significant difference in TKIP-Score. There was also no difference in the application of incident management methods. Checklists were only used in small numbers. Over half of the teams failed to complete 75% of the required procedures in the scenario.
Conclusion
It is noticeable that only a few groups carried out all required procedures. Checklists in particular can help. The application of incident management methods should be trained intensively, as their use does not yet appear to be routine.
Trial Registration
As the study does not include data on real patients, it was not registered with "trial Registration"
Deciphering hub genes as potential therapeutic target involved in progression of Glioblastoma multiforme disease: A multi-omics approach
Authors: Saeed Mohammad Umar , Choudhury Arunabh , Alajmi Mohamed F. , Ansari Jaoud , Mohammad Taj , Hussain Afzal , Shamsi Anas , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz
Published: August 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor associated with high fatality rates, poor prognosis, and limited treatment options. To enhance our understanding of the disease and pave the way for targeted therapies, it is imperative to identify key genes influencing GBM progression. In this study, we harnessed RNA-Seq gene count data from GBM patients sourced from the GEO database, conducting an in-depth analysis of gene expression patterns. Our investigation involved the stratification of samples into two distinct sets, Group I and Group II, comparing low-grade and GBM tumor samples, respectively. Subsequently, we performed differential expression analysis and enrichment analysis to uncover significant gene signatures. To elucidate the protein-protein interactions that underlie GBM, we leveraged the STRING plugin within Cytoscape for comprehensive network visualization and analysis. By applying Maximal clique centrality (MCC) scores, we identified a set of 10 hub genes in each group. These hub genes were subjected to survival analysis, highlighting their prognostic relevance. In Group I, comprising BUB1, DLGAP5, BUB1B, CDK1, TOP2A, CDC20, KIF20A, ASPM, BIRC5, and CCNB2, these genes emerged as potential biomarkers associated with the transition to low-grade tumors. In Group II, encompassing LIF, LBP, CSF3, IL6, CCL2, SAA1, CCL20, MMP9, CXCL10, and MMP1, these genes were implicated in transforming adult glioblastoma. Kaplan–Meier's overall survival analysis of these hub genes revealed that modifications, particularly upregulation of these candidate genes, were associated with reduced survival in GBM patients. The findings underscore the significance of genomic alterations and differential gene expression in GBM, presenting opportunities for early diagnosis and targeted therapeutic interventions. This study offers valuable insights into the potential avenues for improving the clinical management of GBM.
A Randomized Multilocation Study of Puffing Topography in Chinese Adult Smokers using Heated Tobacco Products and Conventional Cigarettes
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Sheng Huaquan , Cui Peicai , Lu Lehua , Liu Guangchao , Gao Yihan , Xu Gang
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) constitute a novel and emerging type of tobacco product. Actual puffing topography and nicotine exposure studies are indispensable in tobacco and nicotine products risk assessment. In this study, we aimed to collect and compare usage behavioural data on HTPs to those of conventional cigarettes (CCs) by recording the puffing topography parameters of users under laboratory conditions. Methods: Two hundred voluntary adult cigarette users (164 male, 36 female) from 4 Chinese cities were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups: the tobacco flavoured HTP (Original-HTP) group, the menthol-flavoured HTP (Menthol-HTP) group, and the CC group. The volunteers were acclimatized to the 3 tobacco products with a nicotine content of 1.0 mg/stick, for 1 week. Data on the 8 types of puffing parameters were collected for every participant via a commercial calibrated puff behaviour recorder. These data were analysed alongside the levels of 8 urinary nicotine metabolites after product usage. Results: When using the same type of nicotine stick, the volunteers in the two HTP groups had significantly higher puff numbers, puff volumes, flow velocities and peak flow rates than those in the CC group. Conversely, participants in the CC group had longer interpuff intervals and higher urinary nicotine concentrations. Differences in the puffing topography among the four cities were not significant. Conclusion: There were substantial differences in the overall puffing volume and urinary nicotine metabolite levels between Chinese smokers who used HTPs and those who used CCs. These findings indicate that assessments of risk associated with the use of tobacco and nicotine products need to adequately assess the actual use patterns and nicotine exposure levels of users of different types of products.
Diverse polysaccharide production and biofilm formation abilities of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: IV Robert Beckman , Cella Elenora , Azarian Taj , Rendueles Olaya , Fleeman Renee
Published: August 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae infections have become a growing threat for human health. The lack of understanding of the relationship between antibiotic resistance, mucoviscosity, and biofilm formation in clinical isolates impedes our abilities to effectively predict K. pneumoniae infection outcomes. These traits are also associated with fitness in natural populations and more specifically within a host. The Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network offers a unique opportunity into the genetic and phenotypic variabilities in the K. pneumoniae isolates encountered in the clinics today. To this end, we compared the genetic profiles of these isolates with the phenotypic biofilm formation abilities, percent mucoviscosity, and growth rates. We found most isolates formed limited biofilm, although a select group of isolates could form extremely robust biofilms. Variation in biofilm formation could not be explained by difference in growth rate, suggesting specific genetic and physical determinants. Interestingly, the most mucoid strains in the populations were lacking the genetic element regulating the mucoid phenotype and three of these isolates were able to form robust biofilms. There was a significant phenotype-genotype correlation with decreased biofilm formation and an insertion sequence in the transcriptional activator of the type III fimbrial system. Finally, confocal microscopy highlighted the structural and spatial heterogeneity of biofilm among the most robust biofilm formers not detected by traditional methods. The combination of phenotypic, genomic and image analyses allowed us to reveal an unexpected phenotypic diversity and an intricate relation between growth, mucoviscosity and specific virulence-associated genetic determinants.
Negative-pressure-related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after breast augmentation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ni Xuejun , Xie Yunjia , Chen Lu , Zheng Houbing , Wang Meishui , Lin Qian , Ke Ruonan , Wan Xiaofen , Shan Xiuying , Wang Biao
Published: August 2024

Background Breast augmentation with implants is a common and effective cosmetic operation usually resulting in favorable outcomes. However, there are hazards associated with breast augmentation complications. Negative-pressure-related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but fatal emergency that appears as the development of severe dyspnea and hemoptysis during the postoperative phase without prompt diagnosis or appropriate treatment.Case presentation This case report describes a 31-year-old healthy woman who developed acute dyspnea and hemoptysis during the perioperative period of breast augmentation. There were no noteworthy events during the procedure. For further evaluation, the patient was transferred to a tertiary medical institution. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated the formation of diffuse pulmonary infiltration in both lung fields. Serological tests for systemic diseases, including connective tissue diseases and vasculitis, were negative. The patient was diagnosed with DAH. After receiving supportive care, the patient’s clinical symptoms spontaneously improved, and she was discharged without further complications.Conclusions Breast augmentation may cause DAH caused by negative pressures during the postoperative phase. Thus, surgeons should evaluate the differential diagnosis of DAH for the unknown etiology of postoperative hemoptysis.
A comparative cross-sectional study assessing aesthetic perceptions and acceptability of silver diamine fluoride staining between Spanish and Italian parents.
Authors: Cappiello Maria Chiara , Durán Ana Veloso , Crystal Yasmi Ornelas , Bagattoni Simone , Jimeno Francisco Guinot
Published: August 2024

Background
Assessing parental aesthetic acceptability of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) staining is crucial for its potential implementation in paediatric dentistry in different regions. The aim of this study was to compare aesthetic perceptions and acceptance of SDF staining between Spanish and Italian parents, and assess weather acceptability is influenced by location, child’s cooperation, or demographic background.
Methods
A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among Spanish and Italian parents at three university dental clinics, using a validated Italian version of the questionnaire “Parental perceptions of Silver Diamine Fluoride Dental Color Changes”.
Results
264 Spanish and 234 Italian parents participated in the survey. 41.8% of Spanish parents, compared to 65.4% of Italians considered staining on posterior teeth acceptable (p < 0.001). 17.2% of Spaniards rated anterior teeth acceptable, versus 19.3% of Italians (p < 0.001). Italian parents showed clearly increased acceptability as child’s cooperation decreased. Acceptability levels in Spain remained more homogeneous, despite linear mixed model identifying a significant increase in acceptability scores from ‘collaboration’ to ‘non-collaboration’ scenario.
Conclusions
Spanish and Italian parents found SDF staining on posterior teeth more acceptable than in anterior regions. Level of acceptance increased with a child’s uncooperative behavior. Spanish parents generally demonstrated a lower acceptance of SDF pigmentation compared to Italians.
Trial registration
NCT06384326 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID)
VEGFA, MYC, and JUN are abnormally elevated in the synovial tissue of patients with advanced osteoarthritis
Authors: Rong Genxiang , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhan Wenjing , Chen Minnan , Ruan Jingjing , Shen Cailiang
Published: August 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease that affects more than 500 million people worldwide, profoundly affects quality of life and the ability to work. The MAPK signaling pathway plays an essential role in various types of inflammatory diseases, including OA. To address the lack of studies focused on synovial cells in OA, we evaluated the expression patterns and roles of the MAPK signaling pathway components in OA synovial tissues using bioinformatics. The expression levels of JUN, MYC, and VEGFA were significantly higher in the synovial tissues of patients with OA than in control tissues. These loci were closely related to abnormal proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the synovial tissues of patients with OA. We speculate that Myc and VEGFA activate the p38-MAPK signaling pathway to further activate Jun, thereby promoting abnormal inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis in OA synovial tissue. Our study found that MYC and VEGFA expression have a combined effect on MAPK activation, and that the upregulation and activation of JUN is associated with the upregulation of MYC and/or VEGFA. Our findings may provide a new combination therapy for the clinical treatment of OA and offer new insight into the pathogenesis of OA.
Identifying Defects and Varieties of Malting Barley Kernels
Authors: Kozłowski Michał , Szczypiński Piotr M. , Reiner Jacek , Lampa Piotr , Mrzygłód Mariusz , Szturo Karolina , Zapotoczny Piotr
Published: August 2024

This study introduces a comprehensive approach for classifying individual malting barley kernels, involving dual-sided kernel imaging, a specifically designed image processing algorithm, an optimized deep neural network architecture, and a mechanical sorting system. The proposed method achieves precise classification into multiple classes, aligning with quality standards for malting material assessment. Throughout the study, various image analysis techniques were assessed, including traditional feature engineering, established transfer learning deep neural network architectures, and our custom-designed convolutional neural network tailored for barley kernel image analysis. Comparative analysis underscores the superior performance of our network model. The study reveals that our proposed deep learning network achieves a 94% accuracy in classifying barley kernel defects and varieties, outperforming well-established transfer learning models with complex architectures that attain 93% accuracy. Additionally, it surpasses the traditional machine learning approach involving feature extraction and support vector machine classifiers, which achieve accuracy below 90% in detecting defective kernels and below 70% in varietal classification. However, we also noted the traditional approach's advantage in morphological feature recognition. This observation guides new research toward integrating morphological feature extraction techniques with modern convolutional networks. This paper presents a deep neural network designed specifically for the analysis of cereal kernel images in two applications: defect and variety classification. It emphasizes the importance of standardizing kernel orientation and merging images from both sides of the kernel, and introduces a device for image acquisition that fulfills this need.
Influence of intravaginal 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide on ovarian follicles and estrous cycle in rats
Authors: Santos Endreo Alan Pail dos , Gomes Etiele Maldonado , Haas Sandra Elisa , Trost Maria Elisa , Cibin Francielli Weber Santos , Ribeiro Ana Claudia Funguetto , Mestieri Maria Ligia de Arruda
Published: August 2024

Background
For the population control of stray dogs and cats, alternative methods to surgical castration are being studied and developed, such as chemosterilization. In this context, substances that lead to irreversible degeneration of the tissue administered directly to the gonads are being investigated, with most studies focusing on males due to the ease of access to the testicles. In females, ovarian degeneration is reported with the use of a chemical compound called 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, a selective ovotoxic agent, used in experimental studies in rats to mimic menopause. However, it requires fifteen consecutive days of intraperitoneal application. Envisioning its use for the population control of dogs and cats, a less invasive and effective route is necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide on the ovaries and its chemosterilizing potential by intravaginal gel inoculation in rats. Twenty Wistar female rats were used, randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group): control and treatment. The control group received 0.2 mL of chitosan-based gel, and the treatment group received the same gel containing 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (160 mg/kg) for fifteen days. The rats were evaluated daily by vaginal cytology until euthanasia. The animals were euthanized at two time points (n = 5/group): Sixteen (M1) and thirty (M2) days after the start of treatment. The ovaries were collected, prepared, and evaluated by optical microscopy for counting of primordial and primary follicles.
Results
In the group treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, a prolongation of the diestrus phase (M1 and M2), as well as a prolongation of the estrus phase (M2), was noted after inoculations of the intravaginal gel. Even so, in the treated group, there was an increase in the number of estrous cycles compared to the control group (M1 and M2). In the follicular count, a higher median number of atretic primordial follicles was noted in the group treated in M2. Follicular evaluation in M1 and M2 revealed a higher proportion of healthy primordial follicles in the control group, as well as an increase in the proportion of atretic primordial follicles in the treated group.
Conclusions
It was possible to observe evidence of ovotoxicity of chitosan gel containing 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, applied intravaginally, due to the increase in the population and proportion of atretic primordial follicles and interference in the estrous cycle.
Safety of brigatinib following alectinib-induced-pneumonitis: Case report
Authors: Resuli Blerina , Galarza Heidi , Laura Elsner , Kauffmann-Guerrero Diego , Behr Jürgen , Tufman Amanda
Published: August 2024

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKIs) show robust activity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an ALK-rearrangement. Rare but serious side effects, such as pneumonitis can occur with ALK TKIs. We here report a case of a patient with NSCLC with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4- ALK) translocation who tolerated brigatinib following alectinib-induced pneumonitis. The patient was notable for diffuse ground-glass opacities 2 months after of initiating alectinib without dyspnea and hypoxemia. With no alternative etiology of pneumonitis identified, the patient was treated with corticosteroids and discontinuation of alectinib. Following rapid clinical recovery and radiographic resolution of the opacities, the patient was started with brigatinib, with no recurrence of the clinical symptoms or radiographic findings of pneumonitis. While further descriptions are needed, our experience suggests that switching to a second ALK-TKI such as brigatinib may be a safe therapeutic option in some patients who develop drug-induced pneumonitis on alectinib.
Significance of Tumor Mutation Burden related immune gene PAEP in the progression and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jie , Che Zhifei , Zhou Shiying , Peng Zechun , Cai Fangzhen , He Shuming
Published: August 2024

Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common renal malignant disease with a poor prognosis. Tumor mutation load (TMB) has received much attention in various tumor studies, however, there were limited studies focus on the relationship between TMB and ccRCC. We aimed to investigate the role of TMB-related immune gene progestagen‑associated endometrial protein (PEAP) in ccRCC and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods
Somatic mutation data of 336 patients with ccRCC were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the mutational spectrum was analyzed using the "maftools" software package. Based on TCGA -ccRCC cohort, we summarized the status of gene mutations in ccRCC. The TMB was calculated and the samples were divided into high and low TMB groups. Then, we analyzed the relationship between TMB and clinical characteristic. Meanwhile, we identified some TMB-related immune genes through the intersection of TMB-Related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune related genes. Finally, We selected the immune genes most associated with TMB, investigated its expression in renal tissues of ccRCC patients, and further investigated its role and potential molecular mechanisms In-vivo and in-vitro.
Results
Using bioinformatics we analyzed the most common mutation of Variant Classification, Variant Type, single nucleotide variants (SNV) Class for missense mutations, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and C > T in ccRCC, respectively. we found that higher TMB related to shorter overall survival (OS), lower age and grade. Finally, we identified progesterone associated endometrial protein (PAEP) gene, a novel TMB-related immune gene in ccRCC, which was significantly overexpression in ccRCC tissues and cells with progression and poor survival in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, by constructing 786-O cell model, our results showed that PAEP promoted the invasion, migration, and proliferation of ccRCC cells; meanwhile, PAEP knockdown suppressed the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. In-vivo studies, we found that after knocking out the PEAP gene, the subcutaneous transplanted tumors in nude mice were smaller and lighter. Mechanistically, we consider that PAEP may regulate the malignant biological phenotype and poor survival prognosis of ccRCC through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that PAEP might represents a potential target of antibody immunotherapy for ccRCC patients and also provides a strong theoretical basis for the clinical application of PAEP.
Tongue microbiota in relation to the breathing preference in children undergoing orthodontic treatment
Authors: Vrankova Zuzana Marincak , Brenerova Petra , Bodokyova Lenka , Bohm Jan , Ruzicka Filip , Linhartova Petra Borilova
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Mouth breathing (MB) and craniofacial anomalies are interrelated and linked to pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Both MB and orthodontic therapy can influence the oral microbiome. This study examines the relationship between tongue microbiota and breathing preference in children with orthodontic anomalies.
Materials and Methods
The study included 30 children, 15 with MB and 15 with nose breathing (NB), matched by age, sex, and BMI. They underwent clinical and orthodontic examinations, sleep apnea monitoring, and collection of tongue swabs before (M0) and six months into orthodontic therapy (M6). Oral candidas were analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and bacteriome analysis was conducted using 16S rRNA sequencing.
Results
At M0, oral candidas were equally present in both groups. At M6, Candida sp. were found in six children with MB but in none with NB (p = 0.01). No significant differences in bacterial diversity were observed between groups. However, children with MB had higher relative abundance of Solobacterium than others (q = 0.01).
Conclusions
Oral candidas are more common during orthodontic therapy in children with MB. While the study didn't find broad impacts of MB on oral bacteriome composition, it identified a significant link between Solobacterium and MB, highlighting the importance of managing halitosis in these patients.
The Role of C1orf50 in Breast Cancer Progression and Prognosis
Authors: Otani Yusuke , Tanaka Atsushi , Maekawa Masaki , Peña Tirso , Toyooka Shinichi , Doihara Hiroyoshi , Roehrl Michael H , Fujimura Atsushi
Published: August 2024

Although the prognosis of breast cancer has significantly improved compared to other types of cancer, there are still some patients who expire due to recurrence or metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to identify patients with poor prognosis at the early stages of cancer. In the process of discovering new prognostic markers from genes of unknown function, we found that the expression of C1orf50 determines the prognosis of breast cancer patients, especially for those with Luminal A breast cancer. This study aims to elucidate the molecular role of C1orf50 in breast cancer progression. Bioinformatic analyses of the breast cancer dataset of TCGA, and in vitro analyses, reveal the molecular pathways influenced by C1orf50 expression. C1orf50 knockdown suppressed the cell cycle of breast cancer cells and weakened their ability to maintain the undifferentiated state and self-renewal capacity. Interestingly, upregulation of C1orf50 increased sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition. In addition, C1orf50 was found to be more abundant in breast cancer cells than in normal breast epithelium, suggesting C1orf50 involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of C1orf50 was positively correlated with the expression of PD-L1 and its related factors. These results suggest that C1orf50 promotes breast cancer progression through cell cycle upregulation, maintenance of cancer stemness and immune evasion mechanisms. Our study uncovers the biological functions of C1orf50 in Luminal breast cancer progression, a finding not previously reported in any type of cancer.
Is Early Stenting Beneficial in Advanced Cervical Cancer : Prospective Study to Determine the Factors Predicting Successful DJ Stent Insertion in Malignant Ureteric Obstruction Secondary to Cervical Cancer
Authors: Venkataramana Ashwath , RP Sanjay , Ramaiah Keshavamurthy
Published: August 2024

AIM
To study the clinical, biochemical and radiological factors predicting successful DJ stent insertion in cases of advanced carcinoma cervix with obstructive uropathy in order to proactively stent patients with advanced cervical cancer at an earlier stage
METHODS
Prospective study where 109 patients of advanced Carcinoma cervix with obstructive uropathy were included. DJ stent insertion was considered successful if atleast one ureter was intubated. Clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters analysed with the primary outcome of successful DJS insertion using ROC curves. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy calculated. FIsher's test and Chi square test used to calculate the value of significance. P < 0.05 considered significant.
RESULTS
11%, 31%, 35%, and 22% of subjects had grade1, grade2, grade 3, grade 4 HUN respectively. DJS was successful in 66 patients. The likelihood of DJS declined with increase in tumor's size (chi sq 17.3, p = 0.0051) and HUN grade (chi sq 13.68, p = 0.003). Plotting ROC curves showed that serum albumin < 2.9 mg/dl (sn − 44% and sp − 83.3%), serum creatinine of > 4.4 mg/dl (sn -75%, sp − 80.95%), and serum urea level of more than 47 mg/dl (sn − 62%, sp = 88%) and eGFR < 11.2ml/min/1.73m2 reduced the success of DJ stent.
CONCLUSION
Probability of successful DJ stent depends on grade of HUN, size of the tumour, eGFR ,serum albumin, presence of bladder infiltration and history of radiotherapy. Efficacy of diversion by DJS and PCN insertion with respect to return of renal function were not significantly different.
Prostatic Cave Stones Post-Cystolitholapaxy with TURP. A Rare Complication
Authors: Madaka Seham , Basalat Ward , Al-Karaja Layth , Nassar Laith , Alhashash Khaled , Asad Diya , Sneineh Saeda Abu
Published: August 2024

Background
Prostatic cave stones, also known as prostatic utricular stones, are exceedingly rare complications following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and cystolitholapaxy. These stones form within the prostatic utricle, a remnant of the Mullerian duct within the prostate gland. While TURP and cystolitholapaxy are common procedures for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and bladder stones respectively, the occurrence of post-procedure prostatic cave stones is uncommon and not well documented in the literature. We report the rare development of prostatic cave stones following a combined cystolitholapaxy and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure.
Case presentation:
a 55-year-old male patient with a history of recurrent kidney stones, urinary symptoms, and multiple different surgical interventions. He developed urinary bladder stones which required cystolitholapaxy and during the procedure partial prostate resection was performed via transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) due to enlargement. As a result of this combined surgical procedure prostatic cave stones were formed.
Conclusion
Rare complications, such as prostatic cave stones, may occur post-urologic operatives, which require clinicians’ attention and consideration. This highlights the importance of recognizing and managing rare complications to ensure optimal patient care.
A novel methylation-detection panel for HPV associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer screening
Authors: Cheng Xiaobo , Chai Ranran , Zhang Teng , Chen Yanjie , Fan Fangqin , Ye Yingfei , Jin Guanqin , Li Tingting , Wang Hui , Ding Jingwen , Zheng Min , Han Yanhua , Tang Qinzhu , Song Zhiqing , Ji Yiqun , Song Wengweng , Luo Weifeng , Kang Yu
Published: August 2024

Objective
Cervical cancer (CC) was considered to be the most common gynaecological cancer, with an estimated 342,000 deaths worldwide each year, as the majority of patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of multi-locus methylation assay for the early detection of CC.
Methods
The cervical exfoliated cell samples from 492 HPV-positive females with cervical lesions were collected and subjected to methylation detection of gene FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 after bisulfite conversion. The levels of gene methylation in patients with different severity of cervical lesions were evaluated and compared. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established and efficacy indexes such as sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of DNA methylation detection at multiple gene loci for CC.
Results
The methylation levels of FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 were significantly increased with the grade of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. The sensitivities of FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 alone for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and CC diagnosis were 84.6%, 86.3% and 88.0%, respectively; when three markers were combined by a logistic regression model, the sensitivity was 88.0%, with a high specificity of 97.7% and AUC of 0.957 (95% CI: 0.937–0.977).
Conclusion
Methylation status of FAM19A4, EPB41L3 and PAX1 were highly specific and effective for monitoring the progression of cervical lesions and the tri-gene methylation assay provided an alternatively non-invasive choice for CC early screening.
Efficient augmentation of superparamagnetic ferrite with alum sludge as a sustainable nanoadsorbent matrix for promoting dye removal: preparation, characterization and application
Authors: Mangood Ahmed H. , Salama Eman Sh. , El-Sayed Ibrahim E.T. , Fouad Mai K. , tony maha
Published: August 2024

Alum sludge is produced in massive amounts through the process of water-works due to the use of aluminum sulphate as a coagulant. The possibility of twining cadmium sliver ferrites named CdAgF and cadmium cupper ferrites named CdCuF fabricated by a simple co-precipitation route with alum sludge (AS) based waste is accompanied. The prepared ferrite materials are mixed in a 50 % proportions with a modified AS (AS400) and labeled as AS400F-CdCu and AS400F-CdAgand introduced as adsorbent material. The surface functionalities, structure and morphology of the prepared adsorbents are evaluated via scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The prepared composites are applied in the removal of two types of dyes from wastewater stream as a simulated textile effluent named Synozol dyes Red K‑HL and Synozol dyes Blue K‑HL. Initially, the isotherm time is located at 1 h of contact time. Then, the adsorption parameters are investigated and the optimal operational parameters are recorded at natural pH of the aqueous effluent (7.0) and the economic adsorbent dose used is 1 g/L. the dye concentration is evaluated and the studied range (20-100 mg/L) reported that increasing the dye concentration increasing the adsorption capacity. Thermal effect has a negative behavior on the adsorption capacity. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models are evaluated to check the experimental data and the results are best fitted with Langmuir model for the both dyes. The greatest monolayer adsorption capacity is associated to CdAgF and its composite form AS400-CdAgF that is recorded as 149.031 and 102.564 mg/g, respectively for KHL Red dye and 79.744 and 32.414, respectively for KHL Blue dye. Also, the kinetic model is investigated and the data is following pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Finally, the recyclability of the catalyst showed its effectiveness for sustainable use.
Prevalence And Predictors of Anaemia Among Children 6 - 59 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis of National Demographic Health Data
Authors: Mieh Sudue Epaphroditus , Wanjiru James Njuguna , Kanu Lucas K , Curry Tanya , Kerkula Johnson Socrates , Dushimirimana Theophile , Koray Munawar Harun
Published: August 2024

Background: Anaemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Anaemia has a significant impact on children's health. It can interfere with cognitive and physical development, and in severe situations, and it can prove fatal. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed review of the current prevalence of anaemia in SSA and to identify important risk factors among children under five years, and suggest practical solutions for prevention and control.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 22 countries in SSA, from 2010 to 2023. A total of 93524 participants were included in the study. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of anaemia among children under five years. Pooled prevalence and adjusted odds ratio, with a 95% confidence interval were reported. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Data management and analysis were performed using STATA version 18 macOS version.
Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia across all the included countries is 61% (95% CI: 61%-62%), with the lowest prevalence reported in Rwanda 37% (95% CI: 35%-39%) and highest prevalences were reported in Mali 82% (95% CI: 81%-84%). Children aged 24-59 months were significantly less likely (AOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.505 - 0.586) to experience anaemia compared to those aged 6-23 months. Children who received a Vitamin A supplement (AOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.814 - 0.916) and dewormer (AOR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.812 – 0.914) were less likely to be anaemic. Anaemia is less prevalent among children whose mothers took iron supplements (59.5%) compared to those who did not (68.1%). Anaemia prevalence is highest among children of mothers with no education (68.8%) and lesser among mothers with higher education (49.4%). The chi-square test (𝜒2 = 294.9, p < 0.0001) indicates a significant association between maternal education and anaemia. The chi-square test (𝜒2 = 54.3, p < 0.0001) shows a significant association between iron supplementation during pregnancy and anaemia.
Conclusion: Our study showed a high prevalence of anaemia in SSA, suggesting the urgency of timely and comprehensive efforts with regards to this problem. Women empowerment and promoting integrated maternal and child health service delivery models are essential in dealing with childhood anaemia and improving children’s well-being and development in SSA and achieving SDG 2 in the sub-region.
Photoacoustic Polydopamine-Indocyanine Green (PDA-ICG) Nanoprobe for Detection of Senescent Cells
Authors: Hartono Muhamad , Baker Andrew G , Else Thomas R , Evtushenko Alexander S , Bohndiek Sarah E , Muñoz-Espín Daniel , Fruk Ljiljana
Published: August 2024

Cellular senescence is considered an important tumour suppression mechanism in response to damage and oncogenic stress in early lesions. However, when senescent cells are not immune-cleared and persist in the tumour microenvironment, they can drive a variety of tumour-promoting activities, including cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Additionally, there is compelling evidence demonstrating a direct connection between chemo(radio)therapy-induced senescence and the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Therefore, detection of senescent cells in tissues holds great promise for predicting cancer occurrence earlier, assessing tumour progression, aiding patient stratification and prognosis, and informing about the efficacy of potential senotherapies. However, effective detection of senescent cells is limited by lack of biomarkers and readout strategies suitable for in vivo clinical imaging. To this end, a nanoprobe composed of biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticle doped with FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) dye, namely PDA-ICG, was designed as a contrast agent for senescence detection using photoacoustic imaging (PAI). In an in vitro model of chemotherapy-induced senescence, PDA-ICG nanoprobe showed an elevated uptake in senescent cells relative to cancer cells. In addition to its improved photostability, 2.5-fold enhancement in photoacoustic signal relative to ICG was observed. Collectively, the results indicate that the PDA-ICG nanoprobe has the potential to be used as a contrast agent for senescence detection of chemotherapy-induced senescence using PAI.
Understanding access barriers to care in diabetic eye disease for underserved patients in Alabama: An expert interview study
Authors: Ko Stella , Tabano David , Kilany Mona , Jinnett Kimberly , Kirksey Victor , Ledesma Reg , Mossburg Sarah , Nguyen Charlene , Wilson Bryan
Published: August 2024

Background Underserved populations often have difficulty accessing care for diabetic eye disease, including screening, referral, and treatment. Although access barriers for diabetes care management have been well documented, less is understood of the access barriers for diabetic eye care specifically, and particularly among rural and underrepresented populations. This study aims to identify access barriers and opportunities to connect underserved patients in Alabama with diabetic eye screening and specialty care.
Methods We conducted 12 semistructured interviews with experts in ophthalmology, diabetes care management, and primary care in Alabama between November 2023 and January 2024. We used the Health Equity Implementation Framework to code interviews and identify key themes related to access barriers and other obstacles to care, as well as opportunities to improve access to diabetic eye screening and treatment.
Results Multiple factors associated with access barriers have been identified including aspects of the health care system in both inner and outer contexts, patient factors, and patient-provider interactions. We identified a mix of social, economic, and environmental barriers and opportunities at the patient and clinical encounter levels that influence access to eye care for underserved patients with diabetes in Alabama. Several innovative approaches were identified to improve patient access to eye care services at the health system level and during clinical engagement, including mobile clinics, expanded appointment times, one-stop shops, and improved information distribution before, during, and after the clinical encounter.
Conclusions Several innovative approaches have been suggested by the experts to improve access to care across several domains, including transportation and clinic mobility, teleophthalmology, and improved information dissemination to patients on diabetic eye disease. Further research is needed to establish an evidence base for additional innovations aimed at improving access to diabetic eye care and expanding their scope through quantitative research efforts, both in Alabama and nationwide.
Contributions to the literature
· Diabetes management is complex, and diabetic eye care may not be prioritized, particularly among underserved patients, and in health care settings with access barriers and other constraints.
· Identifying access barriers and opportunities to improve diabetic eye care among rural and underserved patients can improve overall care.
· Transportation and clinic mobility, teleopthalmology and improved information distribution to patients throughout their care can all help improve patient access for diabetic eye care.