bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da devolução de serapilheira em uma floresta estacional decidual em Itaara, RS, Brasil.
Authors: Vogel Hamilton Luiz Munari , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Trüby Peter , Vuaden Elisabete
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho foi realizado na fazenda da Brigada Militar no município de Itaara, RS, Brasil, e teve como principal objetivo avaliar a devolução de serapilheira em uma Floresta Estacional Decidual. Para a coleta de serapilheira, foram demarcadas seis parcelas de 25 m x 17 m cada, alocadas no interior da floresta. Em cada parcela, foram distribuídos cinco coletores, totalizando 30 coletores, constituídos por uma moldura de ferro de forma circular, com 50 cm de diâmetro. As coletas de serapilheira foram realizadas mensalmente, durante um período de 2 anos. No laboratório, o material foi separado nas frações folhas, galhos finos (< 1 cm) e miscelânea (flores, frutos, sementes e restos vegetais não-identificáveis). Nos dois anos de coleta, houve grande devolução de serapilheira no início do inverno e principalmente na primavera, aumentando nos meses de setembro e novembro, no primeiro ano. No segundo ano, apesar da menor devolução mensal, essa tendência manteve-se mais ou menos constante, indicando um padrão sazonal nessa floresta. A devolução média anual de serapilheira foi de 7436,0 kg ha-1, com uma distribuição relativa de 71,7% de folhas, 16,5% de galhos finos e 11,8% de miscelânea. Não foi verificada uma correlação significativa entre as variáveis climáticas precipitação e temperatura e a devolução de serapilheira.
Fauna de formigas como ferramenta para monitoramento de área de mineração reabilitada na Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ.
Authors: Pereira Marcos Paulo dos Santos , Queiroz Jarbas Marçal , Valcarcel Ricardo , Mayhé-Nunes Antônio José
Published: August 2016

A riqueza e diversidade de espécies de formigas podem ser maiores em ambientes de complexidade mais elevada devido a uma maior disponibilidade de nichos presentes. Em razão da conexão entre os organismos e as características dos habitats, as formigas têm sido utilizadas como ferramentas no monitoramento ambiental de áreas perturbadas. Neste estudo, foi investigada a estrutura da comunidade de formigas em parcelas utilizadas para reabilitação de uma área de mineração na Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ. Encontrou-se uma fauna diferenciada de formigas e maior riqueza de espécies em parcelas nas quais foi utilizado um maior número de espécies arbóreas nativas do que em parcelas com poucas espécies arbóreas ou sem nenhuma intervenção conservacionista.
Counselling and professionalism: A phenomenological analysis of counsellor experience
Authors: Tapson Christine
Published: August 2016

In this article, the author discusses findings from an interpretative phenomenological study which explores challenging issues in relation to professionalism for counselling, and illuminates features in need of consideration in relation to organisational contexts. These features include the rapid reconfiguration of professionalism in response to contemporary organisational structures such as policy and managerial driven incentives. Using two individual semi-structured interviews, the meaning of professionalism for counsellors is explored. The author proposes that the rapidly growing disparity between old or occupational professionalism, as opposed to new or organizational professionalism, causes uncertainty for counsellors who may struggle to maintain their professional identity. The counsellor’s sense of professionalism is further disempowered if they feel themselves unheard, causing the counsellor to either resist or disengage from organizational obligations. Findings suggest that a counsellor’s sense of professionalism is more ably communicated if their place in an organisation is enacted rather than imposed. The author discusses the experiences of two counsellors in relation to the literature on professionalism, with focus upon the emotional reactions which were expressed as to organisational changes.
Interpreters’ experiences of transferential dynamics, vicarious traumatisation, and their need for support and supervision: A systematic literature review
Authors: Darroch Emma , Dempsey Raymond
Published: August 2016

Using thematic analysis, this systematic review aimed to explore sign language interpreters’ experiences of transferential dynamics and vicarious trauma. The notion of transferential dynamics, such as transference and countertransference, originate from psychodynamic therapy and refer to the mutual impact that client and therapist have on one another (Chessick, 1986). Psychodynamic models of therapy are predominantly concerned with unconscious processes and theorise that such processes have a powerful influence over an individuals’ thoughts, feelings and behaviours (Howard, 2011). In contrast to countertransference, which is a immediate response to a particular client, vicarious trauma is thought to develop as a result of continuous exposure to, and engagement across, many therapeutic interactions (Pearlman & Saakvitne, 1995a). A search of the available literature uncovered a striking lack of literature into the experiences of sign language interpreters, and in all, only two of the 11 identified empirical studies addressed sign language interpreters. The vast majority of the literature analysed reflected the experiences of spoken language interpreters. The results indicate that interpreters experience transferential dynamics as part of their work as well as suggesting the presence of vicarious trauma among interpreters. Additionally, a unique contribution to the fields of interpreting and psychology is offered, as it is consistently demonstrated that ‘service providers’ and ‘mental health workers’, which are umbrella terms for psychologists, immensely under-estimate the role of interpreters, as they fail to consider the emotional impact of their work and ignore the linguistic complexities of translation by failing to appreciate their need for information in order to ensure an effective translation.
Consequences of laughter upon trunk compression and cortical activation: Linear and polynomial relations
Authors: Svebak Sven
Published: August 2016

Results from two studies of biological consequences of laughter are reported. A proposed inhibitory brain mechanism was tested in Study 1. It aims to protect against trunk compression that can cause health hazards during vigorous laughter. Compression may be maximal during moderate durations and, for protective reasons, moderate in enduring vigorous laughs. Twenty-five university students volunteered to see a candid camera film. Laughter responses (LR) and the superimposed ha-responses were operationally assessed by mercury-filled strain gauges strapped around the trunk. On average, the thorax compression amplitudes exceeded those of the abdomen, and greater amplitudes were seen in the males than in the females after correction for resting trunk circumference. Regression analyses supported polynomial relations because medium LR durations were associated with particularly high thorax amplitudes. In Study 2, power changes were computed in the beta and alpha EEG frequency bands of the parietal cortex from before to after exposure to the comedy “Dinner for one” in 56 university students. Highly significant linear relations were calculated between the number of laughs and post-exposure cortical activation (increase of beta, decrease of alpha) due to high activation after frequent laughter. The results from Study 1 supported the hypothesis of a protective brain mechanism that is activated during long LRs to reduce the risk of harm to vital organs in the trunk cavity. The results in Study 2 supported a linear cortical activation and, thus, provided evidence for a biological correlate to the subjective experience of mental refreshment after laughter.
Clowning in health care settings: The point of view of adults
Authors: Dionigi Alberto , Canestrari Carla
Published: August 2016

Within the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in investigating the effects of clown intervention in a large variety of clinical settings. Many studies have focused on the effects of clown intervention on children. However, few studies have investigated clowning effects on adults. This paper presents an overview of the concept of medical clowning followed by a literature review conducted on the empirical studies drawn from three data bases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar), with the aim of mapping and discussing the evidence of clowning effects on non-children, namely adults. The following areas were investigated: Adult and elderly patients (mainly those with dementia), observers of clowning, namely non-hospitalized adults who are at the hospital as relatives of patients or health-care staff, and finally clowns themselves. The main results are that 1) clown intervention induces positive emotions, thereby enhancing the patient’s well-being, reduces psychological symptoms and emotional reactivity, and prompts a decrease in negative emotions, such as anxiety and stress; 2) clown doctors are also well-perceived by relatives and healthcare staff and their presence appears to be useful in creating a lighter atmosphere in the health setting; 3) few pilot studies have been conducted on clown doctors and this lacuna represents a subject for future research.
Three decades investigating humor and laughter: An interview with Professor Rod Martin
Authors: Martin Rod , Kuiper Nicholas A.
Published: August 2016

Since the start of the 21st century, the investigation of various psychological aspects of humor and laughter has become an increasingly prominent topic of research. This growth can be attributed, in no small part, to the pioneering and creative work on humor and laughter conducted by Professor Rod Martin. Dr. Martin’s research interests in humor and laughter began in the early 1980s and continued throughout his 32 year long career as a professor of clinical psychology at the University of Western Ontario. During this time, Dr. Martin published numerous scholarly articles, chapters, and books on psychological aspects of humor and laughter. Professor Martin has just retired in July 2016, and in the present interview he recounts a number of research highlights of his illustrious career. Dr. Martin’s earliest influential work, conducted while he was still in graduate school, stemmed from an individual difference perspective that focused on the beneficial effects of sense of humor on psychological well-being. This research focus remained evident in many of Professor Martin’s subsequent investigations, but became increasingly refined as he developed several measures of different components of sense of humor, including both adaptive and maladaptive humor styles. In this interview, Dr. Martin describes the conceptualization, development and use of the Humor Styles Questionnaire, along with suggestions for future research and development. In doing so, he also discusses the three main components of humor (i.e., cognitive, emotional and interpersonal), as well as the distinctions and similarities between humor and laughter. Further highlights of this interview include Professor Martin’s comments on such diverse issues as the genetic versus environmental loadings for sense of humor, the multifaceted nature of the construct of humor, and the possible limitations of teaching individuals to use humor in a beneficial manner to cope with stress and enhance their social and interpersonal relationships.
A choice motif
Authors: Renninger Sabine L , Orger Michael B
Published: August 2016

A simple neural circuit motif in the zebrafish brain enables robust and reliable behavioral choices.
Editorial
Authors: Otterstad Ann Merete , Osgood Jayne
Published: August 2016

This issue of Reconceptualizing Educational Research Methodology plays host to two affecting, arresting and experimental papers that invite the reader to join the authors on their research adventures.
Rheologic constraints on the upper mantle from 5 years of postseismic deformation following the El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake
Authors: Hines T. T. , Hetland E. A.
Published: August 2016

We analyze five years of Southern California GPS data following the Mw=7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake. We observe transient postseismic deformation which persists for 3 years at epicentral distances greater than ∼200 km. In the near field, rapid postseismic transience decays to a sustained rate which exceeds its preseismic trend. We attempt to determine the mechanisms driving this deformation, where we consider afterslip at seismogenic depths and viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and upper mantle as candidate mechanisms. We find that early, rapid, near‐field deformation can be explained with afterslip on the fault that ruptured coseismically. The later, sustained, near‐field deformation can be explained with viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust with a steady‐state viscosity of ∼1019 Pa s and possibly continued afterslip. The later postseismic deformation in the far field is best explained with a transient viscosity of ∼1018 Pa s in the upper mantle. We argue that a transient rheology in the mantle is preferable over a Maxwell rheology because it better predicts the decay in postseismic deformation and also because it does not conflict with the generally higher, steady‐state viscosities inferred from studies of geophysical processes occurring over longer timescales.
How does Subantarctic Mode Water ventilate the Southern Hemisphere subtropics?
Authors: Jones Daniel C. , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Shuckburgh Emily , Sallée Jean‐Baptiste , Haynes Peter , McAufield Ewa K. , Mazloff Matthew R.
Published: August 2016

In several regions north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), deep wintertime convection refreshes pools of weakly stratified subsurface water collectively referred to as Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW). SAMW ventilates the subtropical thermocline on decadal timescales, providing nutrients for low‐latitude productivity and potentially trapping anthropogenic carbon in the deep ocean interior for centuries. In this work, we investigate the spatial structure and timescales of mode water export and associated thermocline ventilation. We use passive tracers in an eddy‐permitting, observationally‐informed Southern Ocean model to identify the pathways followed by mode waters between their formation regions and the areas where they first enter the subtropics. We find that the pathways followed by the mode water tracers are largely set by the mean geostrophic circulation. Export from the Indian and Central Pacific mode water pools is primarily driven by large‐scale gyre circulation, whereas export from the Australian and Atlantic pools is heavily influenced by the ACC. Export from the Eastern Pacific mode water pool is driven by a combination of deep boundary currents and subtropical gyre circulation. More than 50% of each mode water tracer reaches the subtropical thermocline within 50 years, with significant variability between pools. The Eastern Pacific pathway is especially efficient, with roughly 80% entering the subtropical thermocline within 50 years. The time required for 50% of the mode water tracers to leave the Southern Ocean domain varies significantly between mode water pools, from 9 years for the Indian mode water pool to roughly 40 years for the Central Pacific mode water pool.
Budget of organic carbon in the North‐Western Mediterranean open sea over the period 2004–2008 using 3‐D coupled physical‐biogeochemical modeling
Authors: Ulses C. , Auger P.‐A. , Soetaert K. , Marsaleix P. , Diaz F. , Coppola L. , Herrmann M.J. , Kessouri F. , Estournel C.
Published: August 2016

A 3‐D hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical coupled model has been used to estimate a budget of organic carbon and its interannual variability over the 5 year period 2004–2008 in the North‐Western Mediterranean Open Sea (NWMOS). The comparison of its results with in situ and satellite observations reveals that the timing and the magnitude of the convection and bloom processes during the study period, marked by contrasted atmospheric conditions, are reasonably well reproduced by the model. Model outputs show that the amount of nutrients annually injected into the surface layer is clearly linked to the intensity of the events of winter convection. During cold winters, primary production is reduced by intense mixing events but then spectacularly increases when the water column restratifies. In contrast, during mild winters, the primary production progressively and continuously increases, sustained by moderate new production followed by regenerated production. Overall, interannual variability in the annual primary production is low. The export in subsurface and at middepth is however affected by the intensity of the convection process, with annual values twice as high during cold winters than during mild winters. Finally, the estimation of a global budget of organic carbon reveals that the NWMOS acts as a sink for the shallower areas and as a source for the Algerian and Balearic subbasins.
Calcification of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides and carbonate ion concentration: Results from the Santa Barbara Basin
Authors: Osborne Emily B. , Thunell Robert C. , Marshall Brittney J. , Holm Jessica A. , Tappa Eric J. , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia , Cai Wei‐Jun , Chen Baoshan
Published: August 2016

Planktonic foraminiferal calcification intensity, reflected by shell wall thickness, has been hypothesized to covary with the carbonate chemistry of seawater. Here we use both sediment trap and box core samples from the Santa Barbara Basin to evaluate the relationship between the calcification intensity of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides, measured by area density (µg/µm2), and the carbonate ion concentration of seawater ([CO32−]). We also evaluate the influence of both temperature and nutrient concentration ([PO43−]) on foraminiferal calcification and growth. The presence of two G. bulloides morphospecies with systematically different calcification properties and offset stable isotopic compositions was identified within sampling populations using distinguishing morphometric characteristics. The calcification temperature and by extension calcification depth of the more abundant “normal” G. bulloides morphospecies was determined using δ18O temperature estimates. Calcification depths vary seasonally with upwelling and were used to select the appropriate [CO32−], temperature, and [PO43−] depth measurements for comparison with area density. Seasonal upwelling in the study region also results in collinearity between independent variables complicating a straightforward statistical analysis. To address this issue, we use additional statistical diagnostics and a down core record to disentangle the respective roles of each parameter on G. bulloides calcification. Our results indicate that [CO32−] is the primary variable controlling calcification intensity while temperature influences shell size. We report a modern calibration for the normal G. bulloides morphospecies that can be used in down core studies of well‐preserved sediments to estimate past [CO32−].
Naphthacenodithiophene Based Polymers—New Members of the Acenodithiophene Family Exhibiting High Mobility and Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Knall Astrid‐Caroline , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Nikolka Mark , Nielsen Christian B. , Purushothaman Balaji , Sadhanala Aditya , Hurhangee Michael , Broch Katharina , Harkin David J. , Novák Jiří , Neophytou Marios , Hayoz Pascal , Sirringhaus Henning , McCulloch Iain
Published: August 2016

Wide‐bandgap conjugated polymers with a linear naphthacenodithiophene (NDT) donor unit are herein reported along with their performance in both transistor and solar cell devices. The monomer is synthesized starting from 2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene with a double Fries rearrangement as the key step. By copolymerization with 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT) via a palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction, NDT‐BT co‐polymers with high molecular weights and narrow polydispersities are afforded. These novel wide‐bandgap polymers are evaluated as the semiconducting polymer in both organic field effect transistor and organic photovoltaic applications. The synthesized polymers reveal an optical bandgap in the range of 1.8 eV with an electron affinity of 3.6 eV which provides sufficient energy offset for electron transfer to PC70BM acceptors. In organic field effect transistors, the synthesized polymers demonstrate high hole mobilities of around 0.4 cm2 V–1 s–1. By using a blend of NDT‐BT with PC70BM as absorber layer in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells, power conversion efficiencies of 7.5% are obtained. This value is among the highest obtained for polymers with a wider bandgap (larger than 1.7 eV), making this polymer also interesting for application in tandem or multijunction solar cells.
Cold Sintering Process of Composites: Bridging the Processing Temperature Gap of Ceramic and Polymer Materials
Authors: Guo Jing , Berbano Seth S. , Guo Hanzheng , Baker Amanda L. , Lanagan Michael T. , Randall Clive A.
Published: August 2016

Co‐sintering ceramic and thermoplastic polymer composites in a single step with very high volume fractions of ceramics seems unlikely, given the vast differences in the typical sintering temperatures of ceramics versus polymers. These processing limitations are overcome with the introduction of a new sintering approach, namely “cold sintering process” (CSP). CSP utilizes a transient low temperature solvent, such as water or water with dissolved solutes in stoichiometric ratios consistent with the ceramic composition, to control the dissolution and precipitation of ceramics and effect densification between room temperature and ≈200 °C. Under these conditions, thermoplastic polymers and ceramic materials can be jointly formed into dense composites. Three diphasic composite examples are demonstrated to show the overall diversity of composite material design between organic and inorganic oxides, including the microwave dielectric Li2MoO4–(C2F4
)
n
, electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–(CH2CF2
)
x
[CF2CF(CF3)]
y
, and semiconductor V2O5–poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate composites. Cold sintering is more general and shall have a major impact on the processing of composite materials for many different applications, mechanical, thermal, and electronic, to mention a few possibilities. CSP concepts open up new composite material design and device integration schemes, impacting a wide variety of applications.
Cracking energy density calculation of hyperelastic constitutive model and its application in rubber fatigue life estimations
Authors: Peng Yanhua , Liu Guixiong , Quan Yanming , Zeng Qilin
Published: August 2016

The finite deformation of rubber under multiaxial stress will finally result in its fatigue failure. The ability to predict the effects of complex strain histories on fatigue life is a critical need. The cracking energy density (CED) distribution characteristics in the finite deformation and rubber fatigue life estimated by the CED criterion are investigated. Then the influences of the crack orientation angle θ and the principal stretch ratio λ on the relationship between CED and strain energy density (SED) are obtained. Finally, the results are used for predicting the fatigue life of rubber material and are compared to experimental values. The results indicate that the ratios of the predicted lives based on the CED damage parameter and measured lives are within two times scatter factor and that of the predicted lives based on the SED damage parameter and measured lives are greatly influenced by the crack orientation angle θ. The rubber fatigue life has great relationship with the angle of the crack plane normal vector and the first principal stretch direction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44195.
Application of the dry‐spinning method to produce poly(ε‐caprolactone) fibers containing bovine serum albumin laden gelatin nanoparticles
Authors: Azimi Bahareh , Nourpanah Parviz , Rabiee Mohammad , Arbab Shahram , Grazia Cascone Maria , Baldassare Andrea , Lazzeri Luigi
Published: August 2016

We designed and manufactured a polymeric system with combined hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties by loading gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) into poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers. Our ultimate goal was to create a device capable of carrying and releasing protein drugs. Such a system could find several biomedical applications, such as those in controlled release systems, surgical sutures, and bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering. A two‐step desolvation method was used to produce GNPs, whereas PCL fibers were produced by a dry‐spinning method. The morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the produced system were investigated, and the distribution of nanoparticles both inside and on the surface of the fibers was examined. The effect of the particles on the biodegradability of the fibers was also evaluated. In vitro preliminary tests were performed to study the release of BSA from nanoparticle‐laden fibers and to compare this with its release from free nanoparticles. Our results indicate that the distribution of particles inside the fibers was quite homogeneous and only a few of them were present on the surface. The presence of the particles in the fibers did not affect the thermal properties of the PCL polymer matrix, although it created voids that affected the degradation characteristics so the PCL fibers favored faster erosion compared to the plain fibers. Preliminary results indicate that the release from GNP‐laden fibers occurred much more slowly compared to that in the free GNPs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44233.
Ontogeny and Microanatomy of the Nasal Turbinals in Lemuriformes
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Martell Molly C. , Rossie James B. , Bonar Christopher J. , Deleon Valerie B.
Published: August 2016

The nasal cavity of strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises) has the most primitive arrangement of extant primates. In nocturnal species, the numerous turbinals of the ethmoid bear a large surface area of olfactory mucosa (OM). In this study, we examine turbinal development in four genera of diurnal or cathemeral lemuriformes. In addition, we examined an age series of each genus to detect whether structures bearing OM as opposed to respiratory mucosa (RM) develop differently, as has been observed in nocturnal strepsirrhines. In adults, the maxilloturbinal is covered by highly vascular respiratory mucosa throughout its entire length, with large sinusoidal vessels in the lamina propria; any parts of other turbinals that closely borders the maxilloturbinal has a similar mucosa. Posteriorly, the most vascular RM is restricted in the nasopharyngeal duct, which becomes partitioned from the dorsal olfactory region. A comparison of newborns to adults reveals that the first ethmoturbinal increases more in length in the parts that are covered with RM than OM, which supports the idea that ethmoturbinals can specialize in more than one function. Finally, we observe that the regions of turbinals that are ultimately covered with RM develop more accessory lamellae or additional surface area of existing scrolls compared to the regions covered with OM. Because such outgrowths of bone develop postnatally and without cartilaginous precursors, we hypothesize that the complexity of olfactory lamellae within the ethmoturbinal complex is primarily established at birth, while respiratory lamellae become elaborated due to the epigenetic influence of respiratory physiology. Anat Rec, 299:1492–1510, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing student retention of prerequisite knowledge through pre‐class activities and in‐class reinforcement
Authors: Taylor Ann T.S. , Olofson Eric L. , Novak Walter R.P.
Published: August 2016

To foster the connection between biochemistry and the supporting prerequisite concepts, a collection of activities that explicitly link general and organic chemistry concepts to biochemistry ideas was written and either assigned as pre‐class work or as recitation activities. We assessed student learning gains after using these activities alone, or in combination with regularly‐integrated clicker and discussion questions. Learning gains were determined from student performance on pre‐ and post‐tests covering key prerequisite concepts, biochemistry course exams, and student self‐evaluation. Long‐term retention of the material was assessed using a comprehensive exam given to a subset of the students. Our results show that using the pre‐class exercises in combination with integrative questions was effective at improving student performance in both the short and long term. Similar results were obtained at both a large research institution with large class enrollments and at a private liberal arts college with moderate enrollments. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(2):97–104, 2017.
Characterization of Ferroplasma acidiphilum growing in pure and mixed culture with Leptospirillum ferriphilum
Authors: Merino M. P. , Andrews B. A. , Parada P. , Asenjo J. A.
Published: August 2016

Biomining is defined as biotechnology for metal recovery from minerals, and is promoted by the concerted effort of a consortium of acidophile prokaryotes, comprised of members of the Bacteria and Archaea domains. Ferroplasma acidiphilum and Leptospirillum ferriphilum are the dominant species in extremely acid environments and have great use in bioleaching applications; however, the role of each species in this consortia is still a subject of research. The hypothesis of this work is that F. acidiphilum uses the organic matter secreted by L. ferriphilum for growth, maintaining low levels of organic compounds in the culture medium, preventing their toxic effects on L. ferriphilum. To test this hypothesis, a characterization of Ferroplasma acidiphilum strain BRL‐115 was made with the objective of determining its optimal growth conditions. Subsequently, under the optimal conditions, L. ferriphilum and F. acidiphilum were tested growing in each other's supernatant, in order to define if there was exchange of metabolites between the species. With these results, a mixed culture in batch cyclic operation was performed to obtain main specific growth rates, which were used to evaluate a mixed metabolic model previously developed by our group. It was observed that F. acidiphilum, strain BRL‐115 is a chemomixotrophic organism, and its growth is maximized with yeast extract at a concentration of 0.04% wt/vol. From the experiments of L. ferriphilum growing on F. acidiphilum supernatant and vice versa, it was observed that in both cases cell growth is favorably affected by the presence of the filtered medium of the other microorganism, proving a synergistic interaction between these species. Specific growth rates were obtained in cyclic batch operation of the mixed culture and were used as input data for a Flux Balance Analysis of the mixed metabolic model, obtaining a reasonable behavior of the metabolic fluxes and the system as a whole, therefore consolidating the model previously developed. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1390–1396, 2016
New Cytotoxic Bibenzyl and Other Constituents from Bauhinia ungulata L. (Fabaceae)
Authors: de Sousa Leôncio M. , de Carvalho Jarbas L. , da Silva Horlando C. , Lemos Telma L. G. , Arriaga Angela M. C. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Militão Gardênia C. G. , Silva Thiago D. S. , Ribeiro Paulo R. V. , Santiago Gilvandete M. P.
Published: August 2016

A new bibenzyl, 2′‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylbibenzyl (1) and four known compounds identified as 2′‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybibenzyl (2), liquiritigenin (3), guibourtinidol (4) and fisetinidol (5) were isolated from the roots of Bauhinia ungulata L. Phytochemical investigations of the stems of B. ungulata led to the isolation of the known compounds identified as liquiritigenin (3), guibourtinidol (4), fisetinidol (5), taraxerol (6), betulinic acid (7), taraxerone (8), glutinol (9), a mixture of sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11), pacharin (12), naringenin (13) and eriodictyol (14). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data (IR, MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR). The cytotoxicity of the bibenzyl 1 has been evaluated against four human cancer cell lines, showing the IC50 values of 4.3 and 6.5 μg ml−1 against pro‐myelocytic leukemia (HL‐60) and cervical adenocarcinoma (HEP‐2) cell lines, respectively. This article also registers for the first time the 13C‐NMR data of the known bibenzyl 2.
The influence of side branch stenosis on fractional flow reserve assessment of the main branch in a swine model
Authors: Oh Jun‐Hyok , Song Seunghwan , Kim Changhoon , Kim Jeongsu , Sup Park Jin , Won Lee Hye , Hyun Choi Jung , Cheol Lee Han , Soo Cha Kwang , Jong Hong Taek
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of one stenosis in a daughter artery on the fractional flow reserve (FFR) of another stenosis parallels in side branch. Background: The impact of one stenosis on the FFR of another parallel stenosis has not been evaluated. Methods: The proximal segments of the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) arteries were exposed and encircled with a Teflon pledget complex in seven swine (55–70 kg). Five degrees of stenosis (to approximate angiographic diameter stenoses of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were made by tightening the pledgets. FFR was evaluated simultaneously in the LAD and the LCX with two pressure wires in each coronary artery. A mixed‐effects linear model was used to evaluate the association between the FFR values. Results: A total of 115 paired FFR values were obtained. The FFR of the LAD and LCX were not significantly associated with each other (F = 0.237 and P = 0.627 for the LCX FFR to predict the LAD FFR; F = 0.541 and P = 0.463 for the LAD FFR to predict the LCX FFR). Conclusions: The individual FFR values of each parallel stenosis in the LAD and the LCX were not significantly influenced by each other. This relationship was independent of the mean aortic pressure and heart rate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Type 4a myocardial infarction: Incidence, risk factors, and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Tamez Hector , Lai Carol , Ho Kalon , Cutlip Donald
Published: August 2016

Objectives

To assess the incidence of and outcomes related to periprocedural (Type 4a) myocardial infarction (MI) in a cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary disease or non ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome with stable or falling cardiac troponin levels.

Background

The 2012 Third Universal Definition for Type 4a MI has not been prospectively studied in routine clinical practice.

Methods

The study included 516 patients undergoing eligible PCI at a single institution. Data were extracted from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, review of electronic medical records, and telephone interviews. Clinical outcomes assessed at one year included all‐cause mortality, recurrent MI, or any repeat coronary revascularization.

Results

Based on the Third Universal Definition of MI, 53 (10.3%) patients met criteria for Type 4a MI and 116 (22.5%) had myocardial injury. The Type 4a MI and myocardial injury groups each had significantly higher numbers of stents, longer stent lengths, and more use of rotational atherectomy than the control group. Type 4a MI was not associated with one‐year mortality. The composite endpoint of death or recurrent MI at one year was similar between the Type 4a MI and myocardial injury groups (12 vs. 11%; P > 0.05), which were both higher compared with the control group (3%; P = 0.02, 0.03).

Conclusions

Type 4a MI and myocardial injury were frequent, and were associated with more complicated index PCI and more frequent death or recurrent MI at one year as compared with the control group. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia phenocopy revealed as a co‐occurring neuroendocrine tumor and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 3
Authors: Hovden Silje , Jespersen Marie Louise , Nissen Peter H. , Poulsen Per Løgstrup , Rolighed Lars , Ladefoged Søren A. , Rejnmark Lars
Published: August 2016

Key Clinical Message

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 3 should be considered as differential diagnosis in patients with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism and/or suspected multiple neoplasia syndrome, as correct diagnosis will spare the patients for going through multiple futile parathyroidectomies and for the worry of being diagnosed with a cancer susceptibility syndrome.
Effects of p‐ and n‐type Doping in Inorganic Fullerene MoS2 on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chhetri Manjeet , Gupta Uttam , Yadgarov Lena , Rosentsveig Rita , Tenne Reshef , Rao C. N. R.
Published: August 2016

In this report, a systematic study of the effects of p‐ and n‐type doping of the inorganic fullerene (IF) MoS2 on the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is described. Active edge site enriched IF‐MoS2, promoted by strategically introducing Nb (p‐type) and Re (n‐type) dopants (below 500 ppm), enables facile HER over a range of pH values. Experimental results suggest that although Nb‐doping on IF‐MoS2 leads to better electrocatalytic HER activity in an alkaline medium with an onset potential difference of 80 mV, Re‐doping gives excellent activity in an acidic medium. The present work presents a systematic study of HER activity by finely tuning the activity in different electrolyte media with varied pH values through deliberate doping of the parent catalyst with p‐ and n‐ type materials. The doped IF‐MoS2 catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity even with sea water as an electrolyte.
Mixed Anhydride Intermediates in the Reaction of 5(4H)‐Oxazolones with Phosphate Esters and Nucleotides
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Rigger Lukas , Rossi Jean‐Christophe , Sutherland John D. , Pascal Robert
Published: August 2016

5(4H)‐Oxazolones can be formed through the activation of acylated α‐amino acids or of peptide C termini. They constitute potentially activated intermediates in the abiotic chemistry of peptides that preceded the origin of life or early stages of biology and are capable of yielding mixed carboxylic‐phosphoric anhydrides upon reaction with phosphate esters and nucleotides. Here, we present the results of a study aimed at investigating the chemistry that can be built through this interaction. As a matter of fact, the formation of mixed anhydrides with mononucleotides and nucleic acid models is shown to take place at positions involving a mono‐substituted phosphate group at the 3’‐ or 5’‐terminus but not at the internal phosphodiester linkages. In addition to the formation of mixed anhydrides, the subsequent intramolecular acyl or phosphoryl transfers taking place at the 3’‐terminus are considered to be particularly relevant to the common prebiotic chemistry of α‐amino acids and nucleotides.
ChemInform Abstract: First Principles and Experimental Studies of the Structural and Magnetic Ground State of the Ternary Compound MnFe3N.
Authors: Gil Rebaza A. V. , Navarro A. M. Mudarra , Martinez J. , Peltzer y Blanca E. L.
Published: August 2016

Ab initio DFT calculations, XRD, Moessbauer spectroscopy, and magnetization measurements reveal a ferrimagnetic ground state of MnFe3N in the space group P4/mmm.
ChemInform Abstract: Green One‐Pot Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, Azolo[3,4‐d]pyridiazines, and Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines Containing Triazole Moiety.
Authors: Abdelhamid Abdou O. , El‐Idreesy Tamer T. , Abdelriheem Nadia A. , Dawoud Huda R. M.
Published: August 2016

Some of the title compounds exhibit competitive antibacterial and antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Difluoroalkylation of (Hetero)Arylborons with Unactivated 1‐Bromo‐1,1‐difluoroalkanes.
Authors: Xiao Yu‐Lan , Min Qiao‐Qiao , Xu Chang , Wang Ruo‐Wen , Zhang Xingang
Published: August 2016

In the Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between (hetero)arylborons and unactivated bromodifluoroalkanes the combination of a bidentate bipyridine‐based ligand, and a monodentate pyridine‐based ligand provides an efficient catalytic system to prepare difluoroalkylated arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Spirocarbocycles via Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dearomatization of Naphthols.
Authors: Wu Wen‐Ting , Xu Ren‐Qi , Zhang Liming , You Shu‐Li
Published: August 2016

An efficient preparation of spirocarbocycles by gold‐catalyzed 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of homopropargylic naphthols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Dimerization and Alkylarylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Alkyl Fluorides and Aryl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Min Xin , Fukuoka Asuka , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: August 2016

Ni‐catalyzed dimerization of butadiene and subsequent alkylarylation reaction with arylmagnesium bromide and primary alkyl fluorides constitutes an efficient synthesis of 3‐alkyl‐8‐aryl‐1,6‐octadienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Directing Group Assisted meta‐Hydroxylation by C—H Activation.
Authors: Maji Arun , Bhaskararao Bangaru , Singha Santanu , Sunoj Raghavan B. , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2016

The first template assisted meta‐hydroxylation reaction is disclosed.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Supported Iodoarene Catalysts for Oxidation of 4‐Alkoxyphenols to Quinones.
Authors: Nambu Hisanori , Shimokawa Ikumi , Fujiwara Tomoya , Yakura Takayuki
Published: August 2016

FEP and FES are suitable catalysts for the oxidation of 4‐alkoxyphenols towards benzoquinones in the presence of Oxone as a co‐oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Product‐Derived Bimetallic Palladium Complex Catalyzes Direct Carbonylation of Sulfonylazides.
Authors: Zhao Jin , Li Zongyang , Song Shaole , Wang Ming‐An , Fu Bin , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: August 2016

A novel Pd‐catalyzed nitrene‐transfer reaction of sulfonylazides with CO is developed which provides a new approach to sulfonylurea derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A D‐Camphor‐Based Schiff Base as a Highly Efficient N,P Ligand for Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions.
Authors: Liu Qiao‐Ling , Chen Weifeng , Jiang Qun‐Ying , Bai Xing‐Feng , Li Zhifang , Xu Zheng , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: August 2016

New Schiff bases are effective chiral phosphine ligands for the asymmetric palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of activated methylene compounds, the allylic etherification of alcohols, and the allylic amination with primary or secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐ and Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Transformation of α‐Allenic Alcohols into 2,3‐Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhu Can , Qiu Youai , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: August 2016

Allenic alcohols (I) can be readily cyclized to 2‐substituted 2,3‐dihydrofurans using Shvo′s ruthenium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Acrylamides with Non‐Activated Ketones.
Authors: Zhao Yaping , Sharma Nandini , Sharma Upendra K. , Li Zhenghua , Song Gonghua , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2016

An operationally simple, environmental friendly, and efficient microwave‐assisted protocol for the oxidative cyclization of acrylamide derivatives with non‐activated ketones to generate 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Piperidine‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Diazoesters to Enones
Authors: Huang Jiayao , Wu Minghu , Hu Liqiang , Guo Haibin , Sun Shaofa
Published: August 2016

gives pyrazoles in high yields with excellent regioselectivity
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions for the Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamides.
Authors: Garlets Zachary J. , Parenti Kaia R. , Wolfe John P.
Published: August 2016

The synthesis of cyclic sulfamides by enantioselective Pd‐catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions between N‐allylsulfamides and aryl or alkenyl bromides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Annulation of Enoldiazoacetamides with α‐Diazoketones: An Efficient and Highly Selective Approach to Fused and Bridged Ring Systems.
Authors: Cheng Qing‐Qing , Yedoyan Julietta , Arman Hadi , Doyle Michael P.
Published: August 2016

The addition of a mixture of two structurally different diazocarbonyl compounds to a dirhodium catalyst produces the donor‐acceptor cyclopropane‐fused benzoxa[3.2.1]octane scaffolds (III) with excellent chemo‐, regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Benzylic C—H Bond Amination of Azaarenes: Practical Synthesis of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Yang Luo , Shi Xin , Hu Ben‐Quan , Wang Li‐Xia
Published: August 2016

An efficient oxidative amination of the benzylic C—H bond of aza arenes with 2‐aminobenzamides affords 2‐heteroarylquinazolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Piperidines via the Stepwise Dearomatization/Borylation of Pyridines.
Authors: Kubota Koji , Watanabe Yuta , Hayama Keiichi , Ito Hajime
Published: August 2016

A novel stepwise dearomatization/enantioselective borylation sequence for the synthesis of chiral boryl‐tetrahydropyridines from pyridines with excellent enantiomeric purity is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Minor Diterpenoids with Three Carbon Skeletons from Euphorbia peplus.
Authors: Qiu Ming‐Hua , et al.
Published: August 2016

Pepluacetal (I) and pepluanol A and B (II) and (III) are isolated from euphorobia peplus and their structures are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: New Isolinariins C, D and E, Flavonoid Glycosides from Linaria japonica.
Authors: Widyowati Retno , Sugimoto Sachiko , Yamano Yoshi , Sukardiman Yoshi , Otsuka Hideaki , Matsunami Katsuyoshi
Published: August 2016

Three new flavonoid glycosides, isolinariins C (Ia), D (Ib), and E (Ic) are isolated from the whole plant of Linaria japonica together with two known flavonoid glycosides and three known flavonoids.
ChemInform Abstract: New Alkaloids and α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Flavonoids from Ficus hispida
Authors: Shi Zheng‐Feng , Lei Chun , Yu Bang‐Wei , Wang He‐Yao , Hou Ai‐Jun
Published: August 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of four new alkaloids, ficushispimine A (I), ficushispimine B (II), ficushispimine C (III), and ficushispidine (IV)
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of High‐Temperature Phase β‐NaSrBO3 and Photoluminescence of β‐NaSrBO3:Ce3+.
Authors: Yi Huan , Wu Li , Wu Liwei , Zhao Lixia , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Yi , Kong Yongfa , Xu Jingjun
Published: August 2016

In view of α‐NaSrBO3 undergoing a phase transition to β‐NaSrBO3 at LED working temperatures when used as host for phosphor‐converted w‐LEDs, the high‐temperature phase β‐NaSrBO3 is stabilized at 25 °C by introducing Na+ and Ce3+.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Surface Modification of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Silica
Authors: Sodipo Bashiru Kayode , Abdul Aziz Azlan
Published: August 2016

Review: 227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding Boundaries: N2 Cleavage and Functionalization Beyond Early Transition Metals
Authors: Bezdek Mate J. , Chirik Paul J.
Published: August 2016

Review: [38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Exploring Diverse Decarbonylation, Decarboxylation and Desulfitation Coupling Reactions for Organic Transformations
Authors: Li Hongji , Miao Tao , Wang Min , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: August 2016

Review: [30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Uses of Kroehnke Methodology: A Short Survey
Authors: Sasaki I.
Published: August 2016

Review: [65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycle‐Mediated ortho‐Functionalization of Aromatic Compounds: The DoM Methodology and Synthetic Utility
Authors: Florio Saverio , Salomone Antonio
Published: August 2016

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Chemistry of 5‐Acetylthiazoles
Authors: Bondock Samir , Albormani Omeer , Fouda Ahmed M. , Abu Safieh Kayed A.
Published: August 2016

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Depolymerization of Cellulose to Processable Glucans by Non‐Thermal Technologies
Authors: Jerome F. , Chatel G. , De Oliveira Vigier K.
Published: August 2016

Review: [60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole‐Derived Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Trushkov Igor V.
Published: August 2016

Review: [methods for the synthesis; 55 refs.