bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Jingdusha on Cucumber Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters under Corynespora cassiicola Stress
Authors: Hong Jinghang , Ma Zhangtong , Zhao Juyong , Li Junqiu , Song Tiefeng
Published: July 2023

Aims: The paper aimed to clarify the effect of Jingdusha on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber seedlings under Corynespora cassiicola stress.

Study Design: We applied the method of artificial inoculation in the pot and analyzed the changes in the content of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.

Place and Duration of Study: In 2018, these experiments were conducted in the College of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Shenyang Agricultural University (Lab 240).

Methodology: The seedlings in the two-leaf period were induced by 2.0 mL·L-1 of Jingdusha, then inoculated C. cassiicola for 24 h. Cucumber seedlings of each treatment group were randomly selected for the content of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters determination. The leaves of cucumber seedlings in each treatment group were randomly collected at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d and 9 d after inoculation for the determination of the content of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.

Results: When C. cassiicola infects cucumber, Jingdusha can effectively increase the energy conversion efficiency of the PSII central response and the potential activity of PSII, besides, the photosynthetic reaction activity did not change significantly in the early stage, but increased significantly in the later stage and rescure the degree of photosynthetic structural damage.

Conclusion: In conclusion, under C. cassiicola stress, plant immune resistant inducer Jingdusha can effectively increase the capacity of PSII and the efficiency of PSII operation under the light in cucumber seedlings, reduce the damage of photosynthetic structure, increase the ability of PSII to accept and transfer electrons, as well as reduce the degradation of chlorophyll and the dissipation of light energy under C. cassiicola stress.
Functional and Selected Chemical Properties of Wheat, Tropical Almond and Pawpaw Fruit Flours and Their Blends
Authors: Maboh J. , Yusufu M. I. , Ahure D.
Published: July 2023

Tropical Almond and pawpaw fruits are highly underutilized hence; the objectives were to improve their utilization in preparation of conventional foods. Six (6) blend samples A to F were formulated. Sample A (100 % wheat flour) was used as the control, B (60 % Wheat flour: 0 % Almond Flour: 40 % Pawpaw Flour), C (60 % Wheat flour: 10 % Almond Flour: 30 % Pawpaw Flour), D (60 % Wheat flour: 20 % Almond Flour: 20 % Pawpaw Flour), E (60 % Wheat flour: 30 % Almond Flour: 10 % Pawpaw Flour), F (60 % Wheat flour: 40 % Almond Flour: 0 % Pawpaw Flour). The functional, proximate and selected phytochemicals of the flours and their blends were evaluated using standard methods. Results showed that the bulk density, foaming capacity, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity and gelation temperature of the flours ranged from 0.63-0.70 g/ml, 0.10-0.55 %, 1.15-2.65 ml/g, 0.46-1.65 ml/g, 0.10-2.90 ml/g and 86.00 oC-90.00 oC respectively. The proximate composition ranged from 6.27-9.77% for moisture, 2.01-5.80 % for ash, 6.56-37.6 % for fat, 0.35-1.12 % for fiber, 6.01-20.67 % for proteins 27.93-77.34 % for carbohydrates and 369.8-534.08 Kcal/100g of energy. The anti-nutrients content of the flours ranged from 0.70-0.90 mg/100g, 0.01-0.17 mg/100g, 0.20-0.96 % for oxalates, cyanide and tannins respectively. This research indicates that almond and pawpaw floor blends could serve as functional and nutritional ingredients in foods at 40 % and 10 % almond and pawpaw flours in wheat respectively.
Ethnobotanical Studies of Jessore Wildlife Sanctuary, Banaskantha, Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel Simran , Khare Neelam
Published: July 2023

Several plant species found in the Jessore Wildlife Sanctuary benefit the local inhabitants. Resident knowledge and uses of the flora in the refuge were studied through interviews. The study discovered that locals use plants for a range of purposes, including food, medicine, fuel, fodder, and building materials. Plants are also used in rituals and ceremonies. Dabhi, Solanki, Parghi, Bubadiya, Bhemiyat, Dharangi, Gamar, Parmar, Rohisa, Damor, Khermal, and Kodarvi are among the many ethnic groups that reside in the forest areas. It is observed that important plants like Terminalia Chebula, Phyllanthus emblica, Cassia fistula, and Moringa oleifera may be used to cure many diseases. The most commonly used plant parts for curing disease are leaves, followed by fruits, seeds, bark, stems, and flowers. The poll also revealed a reduction in people's plant knowledge. Some of the factors that have contributed to this are deforestation, urbanisation, and the adoption of new technologies.
Morphological Characterization of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes with DUS Descriptors
Authors: Sala M. , Priyardharsini V. B. , Sridevi R. , Cholan J. Raja Raja , Yaseen S. K. Mohamed , Harish N.
Published: July 2023

The current study's objective is to characterize eight sesame genotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) using the DUS descriptors. At Adhiparasakthi Agri College, Research Farm, Kalavai, the experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in April 2023. Sesame varieties were assessed for 13 morphological features using DUS descriptors. Most of the analyzed traits showed a significant amount of variation. These differences in physical traits were useful for identifying particular sesame genotypes. The aforementioned study highlighted the distinctive qualities of sesame varieties and demonstrated that morphological variances exist in these genotypes due to variations in genetic makeup, suggesting that breeders may make greater use of these variations in the selection process based on their particular breeding programme. This is highly useful study for varietal identification and conservation.
To Judge the Power Circuit Breaker Interrupting Time and the Prediction of Maintenance Schedule with Normal Distribution Probability
Authors: Lin Ming-Jong
Published: July 2023

In this article, begins with the motivation for compiling, literature review, and normal distribution theory and characteristics with a shallow example to explain.

Design Method: Making an approximately qualitative normal distribution with EXCEL software. First, the sample group plays an important role in the article, it with the cooperation of EXCEL application software and normal distribution rules, can be establish what those the relevant parameters of normal distribution. Taking the relevant parameters to drawn into a bell-shaped curve graph, then the standard score and probability of the area of the bell-shaped curve is out of converted. 

Design Purpose: As a detection tool of judgement.

In this way, an approximately qualitative normal distribution is been formed and its mean, variation and standard deviation are been took as a detection based to evaluated what the probability of any random variable of the same type.

Design Effectiveness: To judge of equipment inspection data and work schedule prediction. However, an approximately qualitative normal distribution is been constructed with actual data to calculate out of being relevant parameters, with those ones to judge the interruption time of the circuit breaker what it good or bad in standard value. Another case that was estimated what the probability of arrival time for equipment's spare part with known parameters of qualitative normal distribution. Then review the confusing symbols in the above-mentioned construction design and explain in detail, so as to thoroughly understand the relationship between the parameters of the normal distribution theory. This article demonstrates writing skills with both text and pictures and operational instructions to enhance learning interest and aim to apply what you have learned.
COVID-19 Post Vaccination Data in North America
Authors: Elbagoury Marwan , Aktham Yahia , Elkoush Omar , Awaad Sameh , Chouikrat Mohamed Zahir
Published: July 2023

This article explores the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on public health in Canada and the United States. Using OpenAI's GPT-3 language model, data was extracted from various online sources, including government health agencies, news articles, academic papers, and social media platforms. The data was analyzed using natural language processing techniques to identify common themes and sentiments. Despite the staggering death toll and impact on everyday life, the rollout of vaccines marks a critical milestone in the fight against the virus. However, challenges remain, including skepticism from some members of the public and the emergence of new virus variants. The early data is encouraging, showing a significant reduction in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in vaccinated populations. The article emphasizes the critical role of vaccines in controlling the spread of the virus, alongside other public health measures, to overcome this devastating pandemic. The findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination has had a significant positive impact on public health in both countries, with a decrease in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, challenges remain, including vaccine hesitancy and the emergence of new variants. The article concludes with recommendations for public health policy, including increasing vaccine access and education, monitoring new variants, and continuing to follow public health guidelines.
Lead Time to Recurrence After Posttreatment Plasma and Saliva HPV DNA Testing in Patients With Low-Risk HPV Oropharynx Cancer
Authors: Califano Joseph , Yousef Andrew , Mostafa Heba , Valsamakis Alexandra , Zhang Xinlian , Batis Nikolaos , Varghese Christy , Parish Joanna , Forman Michael , Jarrett Junko , Messer Karen , Mehanna Hisham
Published: July 2023

Importance

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a highly lethal cancer that is often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Recent studies have shown promise in the use of HPV DNA detection in salivary rinses and plasma as a factor associated with a future diagnosis of HPV-positive oropharynx cancer (HPVOPC). However, the use of plasma and salivary HPV DNA detection in defining risk for recurrence in the context of a prospective, phase 3, clinical trial coupled with standardized clinical surveillance has not been reported.

Objective

To identify patients with low-risk HPVOPC at risk for recurrence by detection of HPV16 DNA in plasma and salivary rinses.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, 233 low-risk patients were recruited from 32 head and neck treatment centers in Ireland (1 [3.1%]), the Netherlands (1 [3.1%]), and the UK (30 [93.8%]) as part of the DE-ESCALATE HPV trial, an open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial examining treatment with cetuximab vs cisplatin for HPVOPC. Patients were assayed for the presence of HPV16 DNA in plasma and salivary rinse via a quantitative polymerase chain reaction–based assay.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Assay results were associated with risk of recurrence and lead time from HPV16 DNA detection to recurrence.

Results

Of 233 patients, 45 (19.3%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 57.01 (8.45) years. A total 1040 salivary or blood samples were collected during the course of the study. With a median follow-up of 760 days, the sensitivity and specificity of combined plasma and salivary rinse HPV DNA assays for detecting recurrence were 65% and 87%, respectively. There was a median lead time of positive test to event/recurrence date of 19 days (range, 0-536 days) and mean (SD) of 122 (169.8) days.

Conclusion and Relevance

The results of this cohort study suggest that in the setting of a randomized, prospective, phase 3 trial for low-risk patients with HPVOPC, posttreatment presence of HPV DNA in plasma and salivary rinses is associated with recurrence; a lead time between test positivity and clinical recurrence offers a potential opportunity for earlier detection of recurrence.
Advanced Vanadium Oxides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xianghua , Zhang Zongbin , Xu Shitan , Xu Chen , Rui Xianhong
Published: July 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) represent one of the current research frontiers owing to their low cost, intrinsic safety, environmental friendliness, and other unique features. In the current era, a myriad of investigations are conducted towards the exploration of advanced electrode materials with exceptional energy/power density, superior rate capability, and ultralong cycling life. Notably, vanadium oxides electrode materials have received great attention due to their diversity in chemical compositions and attractive electrochemical properties. In this review, comprehensive and detailed compendium regarding the latest developments and breakthroughs of highly promising vanadium oxides‐based electrode materials for advanced‐performance SIBs are elucidated. The crystal structures, electrochemical performance, structure‐property relationships and sodium storage mechanization of various vanadium oxides are discussed. In addition, further improvement strategies, including lattice engineering, nanostructuring design, surface modification and 3D porous architecting, are summarized. Finally, potential directions of resolving emergent challenges and forward prospects on augmenting the performance of vanadium oxides‐based electrode materials to facilitate their commercial application in SIBs are proposed. This review provides pioneering understanding of vanadium oxides‐based materials and guiding directions for the development viability of future cutting‐edge SIBs.
Spatiotemporal Theranostic Nanoprobes Dynamically Monitor Targeted Tumor Therapy
Authors: Fang Wei , Song Bangyu , Han Luyao , Tao Jinjin , Li Yiwen , Tang Rupei , Yan Guoqing
Published: July 2023

Currently, spatiotemporal theranostic nanoprobes are in great demand, owing to their enhanced target therapy and precise dynamic tracing of in vivo drug fate. Herein, this study highlights the successful development of dynamic theranostic nanoprobes, which are facilely established via self‐assembly between glutathione (GSH)‐responsive dasatinib (DAS) dimers and indocyanine green (ICG). The DAS dimers endow the nanoprobes with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic, whose emission wavelength successfully redshifts from 420 to 810 nm compared to DAS‐based nanoprobes, the same as that of ICG, thus improving the total fluorescence intensity. Moreover, the nanoprobes exhibit a dynamic fluorescence intensity conversion that first decreases and then increases at the tumor site via intracellular GSH‐triggered AIE quenching and fluorescence re‐enhancement of ICG, therefore achieving precise tumor diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and spatiotemporal tracing of drug fate compared to other imaging strategies. Furthermore, the nanoprobes show long‐term circulation stability via suitable particle sizes and zeta potentials, improved tumor accumulation via extracellular protonation and active cellular uptake, efficient drug release via response to the intracellular milieu, and enhanced apoptosis via targeting to intracellular kinase, therefore achieving the significant tumor inhibition. Thus, the spatiotemporal theranostic nanoprobes can dynamically monitor the targeted tumor therapy, greatly advancing their application in clinics.
Hierarchically Porous Implants Orchestrating a Physiological Viscoelastic and Piezoelectric Microenvironment for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Zheng‐Min , Yu Peng , Zhou Kai , Yu Fan‐Yuan , Bao Rui‐Ying , Yang Ming‐Bo , Qian Zhi‐Yong , Yang Wei
Published: July 2023

The extracellular matrix microenvironment of bone tissue comprises several physiological cues. Thus, artificial bone substitute materials with a single cue are insufficient to meet the demands for bone defect repair. Regeneration of critical‐size bone defects remains challenging in orthopedic surgery. Intrinsic viscoelastic and piezoelectric cues from collagen fibers play crucial roles in accelerating bone regeneration, but scaffolds or implants providing integrated cues have seldom been reported. In this study, it is aimed to design and prepare hierarchically porous poly(methylmethacrylate)/polyethyleneimine/poly(vinylidenefluoride) composite implants presenting a similar viscoelastic and piezoelectric microenvironment to bone tissue via anti‐solvent vapor‐induced phase separation. The viscoelastic and piezoelectric cues of the composite implants for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line stimulate and activate Piezo1 proteins associated with mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Cortical and spongy bone exhibit excellent regeneration and integration in models of critical‐size bone defects on the knee joint and femur in vivo. This study demonstrates that implants with integrated physiological cues are promising artificial bone substitute materials for regenerating critical‐size bone defects.
Two‐Photon Light Trigger siRNA Transfection of Cancer Cells Using Non‐Toxic Porous Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Chaix Arnaud , Cueto‐Diaz Eduardo , Dominguez‐Gil Sofia , Spiteri Chantelle , Lichon Laure , Maynadier Marie , Dumail Xavier , Aggad Dina , Delalande Anthony , Bessière Aurélie , Pichon Chantal , Chiappini Ciro , Sailor Michael J. , Bettache Nadir , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Durand Jean‐Olivier , Nguyen Christophe , Cunin Frédérique
Published: July 2023

The concept of using two‐photon excitation in the NIR for the spatiotemporal control of biological processes holds great promise. However, its use for the delivery of nucleic acids has been very scarcely described and the reported procedures are not optimal as they often involve potentially toxic materials and irradiation conditions. This work prepares a simple system made of biocompatible porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNP) for the safe siRNA photocontrolled delivery and gene silencing in cells upon two‐photon excitation. PSiNP are linked to an azobenzene moiety, which possesses a lysine group (pSiNP@ICPES‐azo@Lys) to efficiently complex siRNA. Non‐linear excitation of the two‐photon absorber system (pSiNP) followed by intermolecular energy transfer (FRET) to trans azobenzene moiety, result in the photoisomerization of the azobenzene from trans to cis and in the destabilization of the azobenzene‐siRNA complex, thus inducing the delivery of the cargo siRNA to the cytoplasm of cells. Efficient silencing in MCF‐7 expressing stable firefly luciferase with siRNAluc against luciferase is observed. Furthermore, siRNA against inhibitory apoptotic protein (IAP) leads to over 70% of MCF‐7 cancer cell death. The developed technique using two‐photon light allows a unique high spatiotemporally controlled and safe siRNA delivery in cells in few seconds of irradiation.
Unraveling the Coupling Effect between Cathode and Anode toward Practical Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gao Runhua , Zhang Mengtian , Han Zhiyuan , Xiao Xiao , Wu Xinru , Piao Zhihong , Lao Zhoujie , Nie Lu , Wang Shaogang , Zhou Guangmin
Published: July 2023

The localized reaction heterogeneity of the sulfur cathode and the uneven Li deposition on the Li anode are intractable issues for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries under practical operation. Despite impressive progress in separately optimizing the sulfur cathode or Li anode, a comprehensive understanding of the highly coupled relationship between the cathode and anode is still lacking. In this work, inspired by the Butler–Volmer equation, a binary descriptor (IBD) assisting the rational structural design of sulfur cathode by simultaneously considering the mass‐transport index (Imass) and the charge‐transfer index (Icharge) is identified, and subsequently the relationship between IBD and the morphological evolution of Li anode is established. Guided by the IBD, a scalable electrode providing interpenetrated flow channels for efficient mass/charge transfer, full utilization of active sulfur, and mechanically elastic support for aggressive electrochemical reactions under practical conditions is reported. These characteristics induce a homogenous distribution of local current densities and reduced reaction heterogeneity on both sides of the cathode and anode. Impressive energy density of 318 Wh kg−1 and 473 Wh L−1 in an Ah‐level pouch cell can be achieved by the design concept. This work offers a promising paradigm for unlocking the interaction between cathode and anode and designing high‐energy practical Li–S batteries.
Dynamic Assembly‐Induced Time‐Resolved Optical Switches for Rewritable Advanced Information Encryption
Authors: Ai Yeye , Fei Yuexuan , Shu Zhu , Zeng Qingguo , Zhang Yinghao , Zhu Yihang , Lei Xin , Xu Jiayun , Liu Junqiu , Li Yongguang
Published: July 2023

The development of photocontrolled assembly of smart materials with time‐dependent optical characteristics is a promising strategy to fabricate multiple optical materials for advanced information encryption. Herein, this work reports the integration of photochoromic spiropyran and square‐planar platinum(II) as a photocontrolled switching motif that endows the materials with dynamic assembly‐induced optical characteristics. Importantly, the time‐resolved multilevel optical switching processes have been achieved based on the synergism of the reversible photochoromism and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes through regulating the intramolecular isomerization and intermolecular self‐assembly processes. The excellent temporal multicolor features promote the photocontrolled switches as a promising candidate for time‐resolved confidential materials including multilevel displays and dynamic 4 dimension (4D) codes, with the achievement of relative encrypted data that can only be identified at a specified time. This synergistical strategy for constructing advanced materials provides an inspiring guidance for information encryption with higher security requirements.
High‐Efficiency Structural Coloration Enabled by Defect‐Free Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly for a Solar Cell Distributed Bragg Reflector
Authors: Park Suhyeon , Shafian Shafidah , Lee Juhwan , Jo Seungyun , Jeon Seungbae , Lee Seungjae , Shangxian Ding , Ahn Hyungju , Kim Kyungkon , Ryu Du Yeol
Published: July 2023

Solar cell coloration with minimum optical loss is increasingly required for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in modern urban areas because of its importance in harmonizing the exterior of zero‐energy buildings and surroundings. A simple strategy for developing a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is designated with 1D lamella‐forming polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) films. An optimized thermal annealing process produces defect‐free lamellar microdomains oriented parallel to the substrate throughout the film. The selective crosslinking in the P2VP block and swelling of these films in a methanol solution with methanesulfonic acid facilitate the formation of highly asymmetric gigantic lamellae, enabling the entire visible‐wavelength spectrum of DBR structural colors. Three representative red (R), green (G), and blue (B) DBR films are produced on a Si solar cell. Coloration from high‐reflectance and narrow‐width DBR films results in vividly colored Si solar cells with a minor or negligible reduction in power conversion efficiency. The approach for photovoltaics, in terms of both the attractive esthetic and technical aspects of BIPV application, offers a viable method for fabricating high‐performance DBR films based on block copolymer self‐assembly.
Association between the antiadhesion membrane and small bowel obstruction after open gastrectomy: A supplemental analysis of the randomized controlled JCOG1001 trial
Authors: Toriumi Tetsuro , Terashima Masanori , Mizusawa Junki , Uemura Kohei , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takiguchi Shuji , Doki Yuichiro , Hihara Jun , Imamura Hiroshi , Takagane Akinori , Ito Seiji , Yoshikawa Takaki , Sano Takeshi , Sasako Mitsuru
Published: July 2023

Aim

Postoperative small bowel obstruction (SBO) is one of the major complications that is mainly caused by postoperative adhesion. Recently, the antiadhesion membrane has become popular for postoperative SBO prevention. However, its efficacy is yet to be confirmed in the gastric cancer surgery field. Here, we conducted the supplemental analysis of the randomized controlled trial JCOG1001 to investigate the efficacy of the antiadhesion membrane on SBO prevention in patients with open gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods

Of the 1204 patients enrolled in JCOG1001, 1200 patients were included. The development of SBO of Grade ≥ IIIa according to the Clavien–Dindo classification was recorded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using the Fine and Gray model to determine the risk factors for SBO.

Results

Fifty‐one patients developed SBO (median follow‐up duration: 5.6 years). Total gastrectomy, combined resection, and blood loss significantly increased the risk for SBO development in the univariable analysis. Large amount of blood loss was independently associated with SBO development in the multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 3.089; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.562–6.109, p = 0.0012). Antiadhesion membrane did not reduce the risk for SBO (HR, 1.299; 95% CI 0.683–2.470; p = 0.4246). In the patients belonging to subgroup analyses who received distal and total gastrectomy, the antiadhesion membrane was not associated with the incidence of SBO.

Conclusions

Antiadhesion membrane did not decrease SBO occurrence rate after open gastrectomy. Therefore, the use of antiadhesion membrane would not be effective for preventing SBO in gastric cancer surgery.
Switching on/off phosphorescent or non‐radiative channels by aggregation‐induced quantum interference
Authors: Kong Yi , Wang Yu‐Chen , Huang Xunkun , Liang WanZhen , Zhao Yi
Published: July 2023

Pure organic materials with persistent and efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence have recently aroused great research interest due to their vast potential in applications. One crucial design principle for such materials is to suppress as much as possible the non‐radiative decay of the triplet exciton while maintaining a moderate phosphorescent radiative rate. However, molecular engineering often exhibits similar regulation trends for the two processes. Here, we propose that the quantum interference caused by aggregation can be utilized to control the phosphorescent and non‐radiative decay channels. We systematically analyze various constructive and destructive transition pathways in aggregates with different molecular packing types and establish clear relationships between the luminescence characters and the signs of the singlet and triplet excitonic couplings. It is shown that the decay channels can be flexibly switched on or off by regulating the packing type and excitonic couplings. Most importantly, an enhanced phosphorescent decay and a completely suppressed non‐radiative decay can be simultaneously realized in the aggregate packed with inversion symmetry. This work lays the theoretical foundation for future experimental realization of quantum interference effects in phosphorescence.
Flow behaviors of multiscale bubbles with porous ceramic membrane distributors: Visualization and modeling
Authors: Xiang Zhenli , Yin Chunyu , Wan Dongchuang , Zhou Yebin , Ma Chaofan , Jiang Mengmeng , He Wei , Liu Yi , Li Xiaonian , Lu Chunshan
Published: July 2023

The distribution of gas‐liquid two‐phase flow is one of the significant effects on heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Ceramic membrane gas distributors (CMGD) were applied in improving gas‐liquid distribution, and flow behavior of gas as dispersed phase in liquid phase was visualized via high‐speed photograph. The average diameters of multiscale bubbles were measured and modeled ranging from 10−5 to 10−2 m. The coalescence and trajectory of bubbles during rising process were observed, and two typical trajectories straight and spiral types were tracked. To inhibit coalescence of bubbles during rising process, internals manufactured by 3D printing were installed in the channel of ceramic membrane. The average bubble size of CMGD decreases 12% from 392 to 345 μm compared with that of the original CMGD. The CMGD with internals enhances the heterogeneous catalytic reaction performance via providing large quantity of stabile multiscale bubbles which could match the porous structure of catalyst.
Manipulation des intermetallischen Ladungstransfers zur Verbesserung der Wasseroxidations‐Elektrokatalyse durch externe Stimuli
Authors: Chalil Oglou Ramadan , Ulusoy Ghobadi Turkan Gamze , Hegner Franziska Simone , Galán‐Mascarós José Ramón , López Núria , Ozbay Ekmel , Karadas Ferdi
Published: July 2023

Viele elektrokatalytische Prozesse, insbesondere die Wasseroxidation (Oxygen Evolution Reaction, OER), stellen einen kinetischen Engpass dar. Dieser ist auf die Existenz linearer Skalierungsbeziehungen zurückzuführen, welche die Energieoptimierung der verschiedenen Zwischenprodukte des Reaktionsmechanismus begrenzen. Hier zeigen wir, wie wir diese Skalierungsbeziehungen mit Hilfe externer Stimuli durchbrechen können und dadurch die elektrokatalytische Aktivität einer mit Co−Fe‐Preußischblau modifizierten Elektrode erhöhen. Verbesserungen der OER von ≈11 % bzw. ≈57 % wurden unter Magnetfeld (0.2 T) und Lichteinstrahlung (100 mW cm−2) erzielt, wenn bei einem fixen Überpotential, η=0.6 V, bei pH 7 gearbeitet wurde. Die beobachteten Verbesserungen hängen stark mit der Intensität des intermetallischen Ladungstransfers (IMCT) zwischen Fe‐ und Co‐Zentren zusammen. Computersimulationen mit der Dichtefunktionaltheorie deuten darauf hin, dass eine Anpassung des IMCTs zu einer Änderung des Reaktionsmechanismus führen kann, bis hin zu einem auf externen Stimuli basierenden Spin‐Crossover‐Mechanismus.
Liposomale Enzym‐Nanoreaktoren auf Basis von Nanoconfinement für eine effiziente Anti‐Tumor‐Therapie
Authors: Wang Ran , Yu Yingjie , Gai Meiyu , Maroto Ana Mateos , Morsbach Svenja , Xia Xiang , He Maomao , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun , Landfester Katharina , Jiang Shuai , Sun Wen
Published: July 2023

Enzymatische Reaktionen können endogene Nährstoffe eines Tumors verbrauchen und zytotoxische Spezies erzeugen und sind daher vielversprechende Werkzeuge für die Behandlung bösartiger Tumore. Inspiriert von der Natur, in der Enzyme in Membranen kompartimentiert sind, um eine hohe Reaktionseffizienz zu erreichen und biologische Prozesse von der Umwelt zu trennen, entwickelten wir liposomale Nanoreaktoren, die enzymatische Kaskadenreaktionen im wässrigen Nanoconfinement des Liposoms durchführen können. Die Nanoreaktoren hemmten das Tumorwachstum in vivo effektiv, indem sie Tumornährstoffe (Glukose und Sauerstoff) verbrauchten und hochgradig zytotoxische Hydroxylradikale (⋅OH) produzierten. Die Ko‐Kompartimentierung von Glukoseoxidase (GOx) und Meerrettichperoxidase (HRP) in Liposomen konnte die lokale Konzentration des Zwischenprodukts Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) sowie den Säuregrad aufgrund der Bildung von Gluconsäure durch GOx erhöhen. Sowohl H2O2 als auch der Säuregehalt beschleunigten die zweite Stufe der Reaktion durch HRP und verbesserten so die Gesamteffizienz der Kaskadenreaktion. Die biomimetische Kompartimentierung enzymatischer Tandemreaktionen in biokompatiblen Liposomen ist ein vielversprechender Weg für die Entwicklung katalytischer Nanomedikamente für die Antitumortherapie.
First long‐term study of live observations of loggerhead and leatherback turtles in southern Portugal with relevance for conservation
Authors: Castro Joana , Hughes Ashley Payne , Cid André , Patrício Ana Rita , Laborde Marina I. , Matos Fábio L.
Published: July 2023

Most of the information available on loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) for the southern coast of Portugal is based on stranding data, and to a less extent on telemetry data, with very little information derived from sightings of live animals.

This work reports sightings data of loggerhead and leatherback turtles off the south coast of Portugal collected during dedicated surveys on board a research boat, from 2016 to 2022.

The sightings data corrected for effort confirm the recurrent presence of loggerhead turtles in the study area, with a higher sightings rate in May and June. Conversely, leatherback turtles were only sporadically observed in some years.

This study highlights the importance of the southern waters of Portugal for loggerhead turtles as a recurrent area used by individuals of this species, probably from different origins within the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, in line with previous studies.

The southern coast of Portugal, however, is heavily exploited by fisheries, and the main cause of death among sea turtles is bycatch. The results presented will therefore help inform future management measures aiming to reduce interactions with fisheries (e.g., limiting some fishing gears in the months with more sightings).

Since the study area is probably used by loggerhead turtles from different Regional Management Units, the impacts of conservation measures imposed locally may also have beneficial effects at a regional scale.
In‐situ PLL‐g‐PEG Functionalized Nanopore for Enhancing Protein Characterization
Authors: Salehirozveh Mostafa , Kure Larsen Anne‐Kathrine , Stojmenovic Milos , Thei Federico , Dong Mingdong
Published: July 2023

Single‐molecule nanopore detection technology has revolutionized proteomics research by enabling highly sensitive and label‐free detection of individual proteins. Herein, we designed a small, portable, and leak‐free flowcell made of PMMA for nanopore experiments. In addition, we developed anin situfunctionalizing PLL‐g‐PEG approach to produce non‐sticky nanopores for measuring the volume of diseases‐relevant biomarker, such as the Alpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein. Thein situfunctionalization method allows continuous monitoring, ensuring adequate functionalization, which can be directly used for translocation experiments. The functionalized nanopores exhibit improved characteristics, including an increased nanopore lifetime and enhanced translocation events of the AAT proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrated the reduction in the translocation event's dwell time, along with an increase in current blockade amplitudes and translocation numbers under different voltage stimuli. The study also successfully measures the single AAT protein volume (253 nm3), which closely aligns with the previously reported hydrodynamic volume. The real‐timein situPLL‐g‐PEG functionalizing method and the developed nanopore flowcell hold great promise for various nanopores applications involving non‐sticky single‐molecule characterization.
An Improved Synthesis of PN‐adamantanoid Cages P4(NR)6 and a Mechanistic Study of their Fourfold Oxidation
Authors: Land Michael A. , Ren Jincheng , Roberts Nicholas J. , Bamford Karlee L. , Shayan Mohsen , Kutulska Anastasiia , George Tanner , Masuda Jason D. , Chitnis Saurabh S.
Published: July 2023

Phosphorus‐nitrogen (PN) adamantanoid cages are valuable precursors for materials chemistry, but their syntheses are based on harsh methods that sometimes require access to restricted reagents. We report a new and scalable synthesis of PN adamantanoid compounds by chlorosilane elimination between bis‐silylated amines and phosphorus trichloride. We further study the mechanism of the recently‐reported four‐fold oxidation of such cages with Me3SiN3 to yield tetravalent tetrahedral connectors for materials chemistry. Reaction monitoring and kinetic modelling revealed the key rate‐limiting step, but attempts to accelerate this using Lewis acid additives were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, a new four‐fold oxidized PN‐adamantanoid cage has been prepared and structurally characterized.
Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Rhoifolin Flavonoid: In Vitro and in Silico Studies
Authors: Zengin Gokhan , Mostafa Nada M. , Abdelkhalek Yasmin M. , Eldahshan Omayma A.
Published: July 2023

Rhoifolin (apigenin‐7‐O‐β‐neohesperidoside) belongs to the class of flavonoids and was reported to exhibit anti‐inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective activities. The current study presents the in‐vitro evaluation of the antioxidative effects of rhoifolin by many assays, namely DPPH, CUPRAC, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum, and FRAP. Enzyme inhibitory potential was also evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase enzymes. While results revealed weak antioxidant activities for rhoifolin, the compound demonstrated some promising enzyme inhibitory effects against BChE (4.03 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (7.44 mg KAE/g) but was not active on AChE. Regarding anti‐diabetic enzymes, the compound was active on amylase but did not show any inhibition effect on glucosidase. In‐silico molecular docking study was performed for rhoifolin on the active site of NADPH oxidase, BChE, and amylase enzymes to verify the observed enzyme inhibitory effect. Good binding affinities were observed for rhoifolin on all the docked enzymes, revealing numerous hydrogen bonds, carbon‐hydrogen, van der Waals interactions. This is the first study to evaluate the enzyme inhibition potential of rhoifolin. We concluded that the increase in the degree of glycosylation might decrease the antioxidant abilities of flavonoids and that rhoifolin had moderate enzyme inhibition abilities to be investigated in future studies.
Development of Pegylated Nano‐Phytosome Formulation with Oleuropein and Rutin to Compare Anti‐Colonic Cancer Activity with Olea Europaea Leaves Extract
Authors: Mahmood Tabarek H. , Al‐Samydai Ali , Sulaibi Mazen Al , Alqaraleh Moath , Abed Anas Ibrahim , Shalan Naeem , Alsanabrah Alaa , Alsotari Shrouq Taiseer , Nsairat Hamdi , Alshaer Walhan
Published: July 2023

Olive leaf extract is a valuable source of phenolic compounds; primarily, oleuropein (major component) and rutin. This natural olive leaf extract has potential use as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor pharmacokinetics and low stability. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to enhance the anticancer activity and stability of oleuropein and rutin by loading them into PEGylated Nano‐phytosomes. The developed PEGylated Nano‐phytosomes exhibited favorable characteristics in terms of size, charge, and stability. Notably, the anticolonic cancer activity of the Pegylated Nano‐phytosomes loaded with oleuropein (IC50=0.14 μM) and rutin (IC50=0.44 μM) surpassed that of pure oleuropein and rutin alone. This outcome highlights the advantageous impact of Nano‐phytosomes to augment the anticancer potential of oleuropein and rutin. These results present a promising pathway for the future development of oleuropein and rutin Nano‐phytosomes as effective options for passive tumor‐targeted therapy, given their improved stability and efficacy.
Straightforward synthesis of chiral sulfonate‐based ionic liquids from amino alcohols for chiral recognition
Authors: Feuge Niklas , Wilhelm René
Published: July 2023

New sulfonate‐based chiral salts were prepared from amino alcohols and sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate, vinyl sulfonate, or sultone. The synthesis started with different amino acids from the chiral pool and gave the desired products in just four steps. After cation metathesis, the salts were explored as chiral solvating agents (CSAs) in NMR studies. The new chiral ionic liquids (CILs) were successfully able to interact with different chiral guest molecules and formed diastereomeric aggregates. In some cases, baseline separation was observed. The influence of the structural differences in the CIL as well as the structural requirements of the guest molecule is discussed.
Economics of Emerging Ammonia Fertilizer Production Methods – a Role for On‐Farm Synthesis?
Authors: Wiskich Anthony , Rapson Trevor
Published: July 2023

Prospects of recent promising methods of producing ammonia without fossil fuels are discussed. Despite demonstrating efficiency gains over previous similar approaches, the novel biological and electrochemical pathways require further large improvements to compete with electricity‐powered Haber‐Bosch. As some literature asserts that future production will shift to smaller scales, such as on‐farm, we qualitatively discuss the economics of scale of future green ammonia production.
Influence of Laser Wavelength in Simultaneous Patterning of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene and Copper Electrode Surface Towards Performance Enhancement of Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Shiby Sooraj , Kaushik Savaniya , Gupta Puneet , Kolhe Shailesh M. , Padhy Bibhuti Bhusan , Singh Vipul , Iyamperumal Anand Palani
Published: July 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising cost‐effective energy harvesters useful to scavenge vibration or mechanical movements from various domains. Ranging from condition monitoring of machines to motion sensing of humans, its applications are enormous in the internet of things scenario. Enhancing the performance of small‐sized TENGs is of great demand, and pulsed laser‐assisted texturing is an efficient and proven method to enhance the output of energy harvesters. This work studies simultaneous laser patterning of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) dielectric material and the underneath copper electrode with three different wavelengths (355, 532, and 1064 nm) of the Nd3+:YAG laser and the device's electrical performance is analyzed. The maximum enhancement is observed in the case of 355 nm laser‐assisted patterning on FEP and Cu electrode with a laser fluence of 10 J cm−2. The improvement is least in the case of 1064 nm laser‐assisted patterning. Laser patterning on the underlying electrode with this new approach is able to produce an enhancement in the TENG output. However, patterning on the FEP top surface is critical in the process.
Diurnal and seasonal source‐proximal dust concentrations in complex terrain, West Greenland
Authors: Bullard Joanna E. , Prater Clay , Baddock Matthew C. , Anderson N. John
Published: July 2023

Diurnal and seasonal cycles of aeolian activity are well‐constrained for low latitude dust source regions and provide valuable insights into relationships between dust emissions and environmental drivers. Such cycles have received little systematic attention in high latitude dust source areas (≥50°N and ≥40°S), and understanding them will aid the modelling of atmospheric dust over different timescales. This paper examines the timing and drivers of atmospheric dust concentration close to source at ice‐free locations c. 6 km and c. 37 km from the Greenland Ice Sheet margin. Dust concentration, and associated environmental drivers including wind speed and velocity, air temperature and humidity, was measured from April–October 2018 and April–August 2019. Measured dust concentrations were a similar order of magnitude to source‐proximal values measured globally and varied from 0 to ≥1000 μg m−3. Diurnal cycles in the environmental drivers of dust emission were similar to those observed in low latitudes, but unlike in the low latitudes, there was no clear diurnal pattern of dust concentration. Only 3 out of 17 recorded dust events showed a significant positive relationship between wind speed and dust concentration, and factors such as wind direction, humidity and sediment availability are the over‐riding controls on dust activity at the event and seasonal scales. Whereas 7 dust events are attributed to down‐valley katabatic winds, 10 events were associated with a westerly sea breeze blowing up‐valley towards the ice sheet and high atmospheric moisture content. If deposited on the ice, this dust will alter ice albedo both directly and indirectly, (e.g. through the promotion of algal blooms) affecting cryospheric melt rates. Our results demonstrate an intricate relationship between first‐order controls and dust concentration that raises challenges for modelling the uplift and subsequent dust transport from high latitude sources, especially the appropriateness of assumptions based on emissions behaviour at low latitudes.
Do feral pigs increase soil erosion? A monsoonal northern Australia case study
Authors: Hancock Greg R. , Lowry John B. C.
Published: July 2023

Animals are recognised biological agents that can turn over large amounts of soil, influence soil structure and composition and may allow soil to more easily erode. Feeding activities of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are known to produce considerable soil disturbance. Here, pig disturbance, together with soil erosion and deposition patterns, are quantified along two hillslope transects in northern Australia over 10 years. Annual disturbance by pigs was ~1% of surface area. The erosion rate was low with a range of 0.008–0.13 mm year−1. Both transects had similar hillslope profiles, vegetation patterns and similar appearance. There was a greater number of pig disturbances, area and mass of material disturbed by pigs for one transect compared to the other moving downslope. However, for the second transect, the number of disturbances significantly decreased moving downslope while the mass of material exhumed remained relatively constant along the hillslope. For the first transect, this suggests that the greater number of pig digs moving downslope reduces hillslope connectivity and therefore reduces erosion. That is, the greater the amount of disturbance by pigs, the less erosion. The pig digs produce a pit and a mound with the material diffusing locally and the pit capturing material from upslope reducing hillslope connectivity. These pits have been observed to last many years. A control on pig disturbance was likely to be rock content. The average surface rock content of the two transects was significantly different (9% and 20%, respectively) and with the higher rock content reducing pig disturbance and erosion for the second transect. The bio geomorphic influence that pigs represent in the landscape for biogeochemical cycling requires ongoing investigation.
Impact of lymph node ratio and number of lymph node metastases on survival and recurrence in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Molteni Gabriele , Nocini Riccardo , Mattioli Francesco , Nakayama Meijin , Dedivitis Rogerio A. , Mannelli Giuditta , Crosetti Erika , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos Miguel , Sistiaga‐Suarez Jon A. , Giordano Leone , Galli Andrea , Lionello Marco , Mercante Giuseppe , Ralli Massimo , Fermi Matteo , Klein‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Mayo‐Yáñez Miguel , Serafini Edoardo , Pirola Francesca , Paderno Alberto , Cambria Francesca , Oridate Nobuhiko , Sano Daisuke , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Marcuzzo Alberto Vito , Parrinello Giampiero , Marchi Filippo , Saibene Alberto Maria , Tucciarone Manuel , Viscasillas Guillem , Zeleník Karol , Ramos Daniel Marin , Palacios‐Garcia Jose , Tirelli Giancarlo , Pellini Raul , Paludetti Gaetano , Galli Jacopo , Rossi Giorgia , De Vincentiis Marco , Cernea Claudio Roberto , Spriano Giuseppe , Bussi Mario , Peretti Giorgio , Succo Giovanni , Piazza Cesare , Bertolin Andy , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Presutti Livio , Sacchetto Andrea
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of lymph node ratio (LNR) and number of positive lymph nodes (NPLN) on mortality and recurrence rates in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter international study involving 24 Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery divisions. Disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were evaluated as the main outcomes. The curves for DSS and DFS according to NPLN and LNR were analyzed to identify significant variations and establish specific cut‐off values.

Results

2507 patients met the inclusion criteria. DSS and DFS were significantly different in the groups of patients stratified according to LNR and NPLN. The 5‐year DSS and DFS based on LNR and NPLN demonstrated an improved ability to stratify patients when compared to pN staging.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate the potential prognostic value of NPLN and LNR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.