bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“一带一路”国家分布式光伏潜力发展评估
Authors: Dou Charlie , Wang Peishan , Yuan Min , Miao Hong , Song Jing
Published: June 2022

本研究基于“一带一路” （BRI）国家的资源条件、经济发展阶段等因素，从屋顶资源和无电人口的用电需求着手，分别构建 了“基础情景”和“积极发展情景”，采用建成区面积法对141个BRI国家屋顶光伏的开发潜力进行测算；同时，根据国际能源署的无电人口最低供电标准，测算了满足无电人口最低用电需求的分布式光伏装机潜力；并选取埃塞俄比亚和印度尼西亚两个典型国家进行国别分析。评估结果可供BRI国家能源规划主管部门参考，也可为各国在海外进行可再生能源投资和开展清洁能源对外援助提供决策支持
Inteligência artificial, transformação da reumatologia? Parte II
Authors: Fajardo Estefania , Graf Cesar
Published: June 2022

Na última década, a prática da reumatologia foi cercada por um grande número de inovações em tecnologias da saúde. Nesta segunda parte analisaremos a aplicação da inteligência artificial nesta especialidade.
Raab, a meretriz:
Authors: Utrini Heitor Carlos Santos
Published: June 2022

A história da prostituta Raab é contada no Antigo Testamento em Js 2,1-21; 6,22-25. Depois de acolher os espiões hebreus e escondê-los em sua casa, ela os envia em segurança de volta ao acampamento de Israel recebendo deles a promessa de que ela e sua família escapariam da matança quando Jericó fosse invadida. Essa narrativa serviu de inspiração para que autores do Novo Testamento, bem como mestres judeus, destacassem suas virtudes, apresentando-a como modelo, não obstante sua condição de prostituta. Inúmeros testemunhos antigos chamam a atenção sobretudo porque, enquanto as mulheres em geral, e de modo especial as meretrizes eram vistas como gente abjeta e lhes era negado qualquer tipo de direitos civis e religiosos, desde a Escritura Raab foi retratada como uma das principais protagonistas da tomada de Jericó e suas virtudes celebradas através dos tempos. O presente artigo dividir-se-á em três momentos: depois de um breve comentário ao texto de Josué, a segunda etapa consiste na exposição e análise das passagens neotestamentárias nas quais Raab comparece. Por fim, a partir da tradição judaica – Flávio Josefo, Talmud e diversos midrašim – será evidenciado como os judeus apresentaram a personagem em questão que ainda hoje pode inspirar comportamentos de acordo com sua fé no Deus verdadeiro.
Aplikasi Health Belief Model Terhadap Perilaku Preventif COVID-19 pada Kelompok Lansia
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Farisni Teungku Nih , Yarmaliza Yarmaliza , Reynaldi Fitrah , Zakiyuddin Zakiyuddin , Syahputri Veni Nella , Susanna Dewi
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara terjangkit pandemi COVID-19. Lansia merupakan kelompok yang paling beresiko mengalami keparahan/morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat penyakit COVID-19. Kabupaten Aceh Barat merupakan salah satu daerah zona merah terkonfirmasi kasus COVID-19.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 pada kelompok lansia.Metode. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif analitik, dengan pendekatan secara kuantitatif. Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument kuesioner. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga analisis yaitu univariat, bivariat, multivariat.Hasil. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat 69,8% lansia dengan Perceived Susceptibility kurang namun memiliki preventif COVID-19 baik. 64,7% lansia dengan Perceived Severity baik namun memiliki preventif kurang. 63,6% responden memiliki Perceived Benefits sekaligus preventif COVID-19 baik. 69,1% responden yang Perceived Barriers kurang namun memiliki preventif COVID-19 baik dan 69,1% memiliki Cues to action baik ditambah Preventif COVID-19 baik. Faktor yang paling dominan untuk dapat digunakan dalam preventif COVID-19 adalah Perceived Severity dengan nilai OR: 2,77 dan Perceived Barriers dengan nilai OR: 2,76.Kesimpulan. Health Belief Model dapat menyebabkan perubahan perilaku dalam mencegah potensi COVID-19 di kalangan lansia. ABSTRACTBackground. Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The elderly are the most severely affected group due to the severity/morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 disease. West Aceh Regency is one of the red zone areas with confirmed cases of COVID-19.Aim. This study aims to analyze the COVID-19 prevention behavior in the elderly group.Method. This type of research was descriptive-analytic with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used total sampling. The data collection used a questionnaire instrument. This study's data analysis used three univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses.Results. The results showed that 69.8% of the elderly had less Perceived Susceptibility but had good COVID-19 prevention. 64.7% of the elderly with good Perceived Severity but have less prevention. 63.6% of respondents have good Perceived Benefits and good COVID-19 prevention. 69.1% of respondents have fewer Perceived Barriers but have good COVID-19 prevention and 69.1% have good Cues to action plus good COVID-19 prevention. The dominant factors are Perceived Severity (OR value 2.77) and Perceived Barriers (OR value of 2.76).Conclusion. Health Belief Model could lead to behavioral change to prevent the potential for COVID-19 among the elderly.
Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Pencegahan COVID-19 pada Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Amalia Hilda , Pratomo Hadi
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang. Kota Depok menjadi kota dengan jumlah kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 (49.567 kasus) dan kematian kumulatif (920 kematian) tertinggi di Jawa Barat pada 30 Mei 2021. Para penderita hipertensi harus lebih disiplin menjalankan praktik pencegahan COVID-19 karena memiliki kemungkinan untuk mengalami perkembangan penyakit COVID-19 yang parah.Tujuan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik pencegahan COVID-19 pada penderita hipertensi di Kota Depok Tahun 2021. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional pada penderita hipertensi di Kota Depok, Jawa Barat bulan Agustus-September 2021. Pengumpulan data secara online menggunakan google form.Hasil. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa rata-rata skor untuk tiap variabel dalam skala 100 adalah pengetahuan sebesar 85,2, sikap sebesar 77,7, dan praktik pencegahan COVID-19 sebesar 82,4. Separuh dari responden memiliki pengetahuan baik (52,5%), sikap positif (63,9%), dan praktik pencegahan baik (58,5%). Hasil analisis hubungan untuk pengetahuan dan praktik pencegahan COVID-19 memperoleh p-value sebesar 0,681 serta sikap dengan praktik pencegahan COVID-19 mendapatkan p-value 0,011.Kesimpulan. Tidak adanya hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan praktik pencegahan COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara sikap dengan praktik pencegahan COVID-19. ABSTRACTBackground. Depok City is the highest city with the number of confirmed COVID-19 (49.567 cases) and cumulative deaths (920 deaths) in West Java on 30 Mei 2021. Hypertension patients must be more disciplined in COVID-19 prevention because they are more likely to experience severe COVID-19 disease development. Objective. This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 prevention among hypertension patients in Depok City. Method. This study used a cross-sectional study of hypertension patients in Depok City, West Java, from August to September 2021. Data collected used an online survey (google form). Results. The results showed the mean knowledge score on a scale of 100 was 85,2, the attitude was 77,7, and practice was 82,4. Half of the respondents had good knowledge (52,5%), a positive attitude (63,9%), and good practice (58,5%). The results of the relationship analysis for knowledge and practice of COVID-19 prevention obtained a p-value of 0.681, and attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention practices obtained a p-value of 0.011.Conclusion. There is no significant relationship between knowledge and COVID-19 prevention practices. There is a significant relationship between attitudes and COVID-19 prevention practices.
Perbandingan Kadar Hemoglobin Santriwati Sesudah Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Ditambah Edukasi Video Singkat Dengan Hanya Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah
Authors: Sari Tiara Rinta , Surtimanah Tuti , Ruhyat Ejeb
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang. Anemia adalah keadaan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) kurang dari 12 mg/dL. Sebanyak 48,9% remaja putri di Indonesia mengalami anemia. Penyebab utama anemia adalah kekurangan zat besi. Dilakukan upaya promosi dan pencegahan yaitu peningkatan konsumsi makanan kaya zat besi, serta pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD).Tujuan. Mengetahui perbedaan kadar Hb santriwati sesudah mengonsumsi TTD disertai edukasi video singkat dengan santriwati yang hanya mengkonsumsi TTD.Metode. Rancangan penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimen disain pra-postes dengan kontrol. Populasi adalah santriwati dengan sampel 37 orang secara purposive. Variabel eksperimen adalah pemberian TTD selama empat minggu disertai edukasi video singkat bagi kelompok intervensi, dan hanya pemberian TTD selama empat minggu bagi kelompok kontrol. Variabel terpengaruh adalah kadar Hb. Hasil. Sesudah intervensi, kadar Hb kelompok intervensi naik 0,3 mg/dL sedangkan kelompok kontrol naik 0,8 mg/dL namun tidak ada perbedaan secara statistik (p>0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan secara statistik (p = 0,588) perubahan kadar Hb antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol.Kesimpulan. Tidak ada perbedaan secara statistik mengenai perubahan kadar Hb antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol ABSTRACTBackground. Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin (Hb) level is less than 12 mg/dL. 48.9% of female adolescent in Indonesia was anemic. The main cause is iron deficiency. The efforts are promoting, preventing, and increasing consumption of iron-rich foods and giving iron tablets.Objectives. Knowing the Hb level difference of female students after consuming iron tablets accompanied by short video education with female students who only consumed iron tablets.Method. Quasi-experimental, pre-posttest with control design. The population is female students, with a sample of 37 people taken purposively. The experimental variable gave iron tablets for four weeks accompanied by a short video for the intervention group and only gave iron tablets for four weeks for the control group. The affected variable was Hb levels.Results. After the intervention, the Hb level in the intervention group increased by 0.3 mg/dL while the control group increased by 0.8 mg/dL but didn’t show a statistical difference (p>0.05). There was no statistical difference (p 0.588) in Hb level change between the intervention and control groupsConclusion. There was no statistical difference in Hb level change between the intervention and control groups.
Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan dengan Media Video dan Booklet terhadap Pengetahuan Siswa mengenai Perilaku Sedentari di MAN 1 Medan
Authors: Saragih Amaliyah Nurmely Rahmah , Andayani Lita Sri
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang. Perilaku sedentari merupakan masalah yang serius dalam kesehatan masyarakat karena dapat meningkatkan semua penyebab kematian dan risiko penyakit tidak menular. Populasi dengan tingkat perilaku sedentari paling tinggi adalah remaja khususnya siswa SMA. Dalam rangka mencegah perilaku sedentari, maka dibutuhkan pemberian promosi kesehatan melalui media pembelajaran seperti media video dan booklet. Tujuan. Menganalisis pengaruh promosi kesehatan dengan media video dan booklet terhadap pengetahuan siswa mengenai perilaku sedentari di MAN 1 Medan. Metode. Penelitian quasi-experiment menggunakan rancangan non-equivalent control group dengan jumlah sampel 30 siswa yang dibagi menjadi 15 siswa pada masing-masing kelompok intervensi dan dianalisis menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil. Siswa mempunyai rata-rata pengetahuan sebelum (13,20) dan setelah (17,33) diberikan intervensi media video dengan nilai p=0,001. Sementara, rata-rata pengetahuan siswa sebelum (12,93) dan setelah (15,33) diberikan intervensi media booklet dengan nilai  p=0,002. Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan siswa mengenai perilaku sedentari setelah diberikan promosi kesehatan dengan media video dan media booklet. Sebagai bagian dari media promosi kesehatan, baik media video dan media booklet keduanya berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa mengenai perilaku sedentari. Akan tetapi, setelah diberikan intervensi dengan media video, siswa memiliki nilai rerata pengetahuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan media booklet.ABSTRACTBackground. Sedentary behavior is a severe problem in public health since it can increase all causes of death and the risk of non-communicable diseases. Adolescents are the highest population with sedentary behavior, exceptionally high school students. To prevent sedentary behaviour, learning through media such as videos and booklets is necessary to promote health.  Objective. The objective is to analyze the influence of health promotion with video and booklet media on students’ knowledge regarding sedentary behavior at MAN 1 Medan.  Method. Quasi-experiment that used a non-equivalent control group design. The number of samples consisted of 30 students divided into 15 students in each intervention group. Analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results. The students’ average knowledge before (13.20) and after (17.33) with p=0.001 were given an intervention by video. Meanwhile, the students’ average knowledge before (12.93) and after (15.33) with p=0.002 were given an intervention by booklet. Conclusion. There is a difference in students’ knowledge regarding sedentary behavior after being given health promotion with video and booklet. Both video and booklet as a health promotion media affected increased students’ knowledge about sedentary behavior. However, after being given intervention with video, students had a higher knowledge average than booklet.
Aspectos económicos y fiscales de los planes de pensiones y otros instrumentos de previsión privados: especial referencia a los de empleo
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga, Gutierrez Bengoechea Miguel
Published: June 2022

Uno de los pilares básicos en el que se asienta el Estado de Bienestar Social se basa en garantizar unas pensiones públicas dignas a sus ciudadanos. Sin embargo, en España las variables demográficas, económicas y la crisis provocada por la COVID-19 actúan de forma adversa al sostenimiento de las pensiones públicas en el actual sistema de reparto de la Seguridad Social española. El legislador ha apostado por incentivar los planes de pensiones de empleo frente a los individuales y asociados al igual que otros países de nuestro entorno como Italia, Reino Unido y Suecia entre otros. De esta forma, los planes de pensiones de empleo no sólo fidelizan la relación del trabajador con la empresa, sino que también, protegen económicamente a estos cuando alcancen la edad de jubilación. No obstante, en mi opinión, los beneficios fiscales dirigidos a los planes de pensiones de empleo no creo, que tengan a corto plazo una gran efectividad en la suscripción de estos contratos de previsión privados, dado que el 97 por ciento del tejido empresarial lo constituyen las pequeñas y medianas empresas sin capacidad financiera en estos momentos para asumir este coste económico y social.
COOLING PROFILE OF POTASSIUM HYDROGEN TARTRATE BATCH CRYSTALLIZATION
Authors:   Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTO-MB, Oran, S. KHERICI
Published: June 2022

Batch crystallization is an important chemical unit operation. So, large numbers of published works were focused on batch crystallization modelization, simulation, optimization, control and parameter estimation. In this work, an optimization is made with the objective to obtain the optimal cooling temperature strategy of a batch crystallizer realized in our laboratory. The potassium hydrogenotartarate (cream of tartar) subject of our study is recovered from wine tartar, a solid byproduct of winemaking, using batch cooling crystallization. To determine the optimum cooling temperature profile with a maximum yield of cream of tartar, we used coupled population, material and energy balance model. This model can describe the dynamics of the batch crystallization process. Based on this model, an optimal cooling temperature profile is calculated, using method of moments and the solubility data of cream tartar in water
Absolutely Convergence of the Dirichlet Series of the Mobius Function
Authors:   Advanced Science-Technology Research Organization, Yokohama, Japan, Musha Takaaki
Published: June 2022

Wigner distribution is a tool for signal processing to obtain instantaneous spectrum of a signal. From which, another representation of the Euler product can be obtained for Dirichlet series of the Mobius function. From which, we can give the proof of the absolutely convergence of the Dirichlet series on the Mobius function which leads to the proof of the Riemann hypothesis.
Women’s Entrepreneurship in the context of problems, characteristics and reasons
Authors: TURAN TORUN Burcu
Published: June 2022

In this study, women entrepreneurship is discussed from various perspectives. The reasons that lead women to become entrepreneurs, the problems faced during and after establishing the business, the characteristics of women entrepreneurs, women's thoughts about entrepreneurship and their thoughts on the comparison of male-female entrepreneurship are discussed. This study was conducted with women who are registered with Van Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Problems experienced by entrepreneurial women, the advantages and disadvantages they faced were tried to be revealed through a semi-structured interview form. Unlike other provinces, female participants interviewed within the scope of the research are officially registered with the Chamber of Commerce. After the literature review in the study, what entrepreneur women experience while continuing their business life has been revealed within the framework of Van province. At the end of the study, it was seen that material and moral problems are important in women's entrepreneurship. It has been revealed that self-confidence has an important place in women entrepreneurs. Some women stated that they were better than men in entrepreneurship, while others stated that men were better in this regard.
An Assessment of Institutional Improvements in Romania and Bulgaria Following EU Accession
Authors: Dinca Dragos
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyse to what extent accession to the European Union affected the quality of institutions in Romania and Bulgaria. In order to measure these effects, indicators of perceived corruption have been built based on data from the Life in Transition surveys I, II, III, conducted by the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. Under the specifications of a difference-in-differences methodology, evidence of a reduction in small acts of corruption has been discovered for both countries, with larger effects in Bulgaria. In regards to high level corruption, Romania proved to be successful in tackling this dimension nine years after the accession, while for Bulgaria the evidence suggests an unfavourable deterioration over time.
Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Sudanese baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit pulp extract
Authors: Ibraheem Salma , Idris Yousif , Elghali Mustafa Salma , Kabeir Baraka , Abas Faridah , Maulidiani M. , Hamid Nurashikin
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and biological activities of Sudanese baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit pulp extract. Baobab fruit pulp serves as food, and has been used in traditional medicine in Africa for the treatment of several diseases, and believed to possess many biological activities. The sample of baobab fruit was collected from Blue Nile State in Sudan. The fruit pulp was obtained from baobab pods, sieved, extracted with methanol (80%), and analysed for its antioxidant activity, and alpha-glucosidase and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities. The phytochemical constituents of the pulp were determined by LC-MS and 1H-NMR techniques. The results for antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH and FRAP for methanolic extract were 232.70 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (AEAC)/g and 222.28 mmol/g of Fe2+, respectively. Baobab pulp extract showed greater capability in inhibiting the generation of NO from the stimulated RAW264.7 cells at 98.45% inhibition and IC50 of 36.55 µg/mL; and α-glucosidase enzyme activity at 97.94% inhibition and IC50 of 58.59 µg/mL. The LC-MS/MS analysis of the baobab extract showed that 52 compounds were found in the baobab pulp, including 19 flavonoids, ten phenolic acids, four lipids (glycero-3-phosphocholine derivative, 1,2-didodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol), 1-pentadecanoyl-2-(13Z,16Z-docosadienoyl)-glycero-3-phosphate, and glycero-3-hosphocholine derivative), sugars, organic acid, iridoids, adenosine, scopoletin, and taraxerone. The NMR detected 21 metabolites from baobab pulp extract including carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamin, amino acids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and fatty acids. The present work is the first of its kind in comprehensively analysing the Sudanese baobab fruit pulp, combined with qualitative characterisation of chemical components using NMR, LC-MS, α-glucosidase, and NO inhibitors. Baobab fruit pulp contains several beneficial phytochemicals and biological activities, and it has potential positive effect on general human’s health.
Effects of roasting conditions on anthocyanin, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity in pigmented and non-pigmented rice varieties
Authors: Yamuangmorn Supapohn , Sreethong Thitinan , Saenchai Chorphet , Rerkasem Benjavan , Prom-u-thai Chanakan Thebault
Published: June 2022

Roasting has been suggested to enhance the nutritional quality of many foods. The present work determined how roasting temperature (100, 150, and 200°C) and duration (10 and 20 min) affect anthocyanin, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacity in pigmented and non-pigmented rice. The concentration of anthocyanin in pigmented rice increased by 15% when roasted at 100°C for 20 min, but it dramatically decreased at higher temperature for longer time. The anthocyanin analysis profile showed that cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside were found as the major compounds of pigmented rice, in which the first compound was about 14 folds higher than the latter, in both non-roasted and roasted rice. The concentration of cyanidin-3-glucoside slightly increased in the roasting rice but not for peonidin-3-glucoside. The total phenol concentration and antioxidant capacity in pigmented rice were not affected by the roasting treatments. In non-pigmented rice, total phenol concentrations and DPPH activity increased with increasing roasting temperature and duration. There were significant correlations between anthocyanin and total phenol concentrations in pigmented rice, and between total phenol concentration and antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH activity in non-pigmented rice. The optimum roasting temperature and time for maximising anthocyanin and total phenol was 100°C for 20 min for pigmented rice, and 200°C for 20 min for non-pigmented rice, as these treatments yielded the highest total phenol concentration and DPPH activity. The present work reveals that anthocyanin and total phenol concentrations of rice grains can be changed by roasting, but the direction and magnitude of the changes depend on the temperature and duration of the treatment as well as the rice variety.
Antioxidant properties of citrus fibre and the prediction of oxidation in ground beef meatballs made with citrus fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with principal component analysis
Authors: Gedikoglu Ayca , Clarke Andrew Douglas , Lin Mengshi , Yılmaz Burak
Published: June 2022

The objectives of the present work were (1) to determine the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of citrus fibre, and (2) to predict, by attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the oxidative stability of ground beef made with different levels (i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 5%) of citrus fibre (CF) during 1, 3, 5, or 7 days of refrigerated storage. The TPC, TFC, and ORAC values of citrus fibre were 3.753 ± 0.49 mg/g, 2.825 ± 0.008 mg/g, and 10.036 ± 1.94 μmol/g in dry basis, respectively. The citrus fibre pH was 4.45 ± 0.075. To monitor lipid oxidation, the peaks at 2924, 2853, and 1743 cm-1 were useful. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied at a 5% significance level between 1780 - 1700 cm-1. The results of the present work demonstrated that the addition of citrus fibre at higher levels (i.e., 3 and 5%) had a pro-oxidative effect on ground beef meatballs. FTIR helped to predict oxidation in meat products.
Effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with unripe banana flour on the functional, thermal, and physicochemical characteristics of flour and biscuits
Authors: Mabogo Funanani Anthony , Mashau Mpho , Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia
Published: June 2022

Banana (Musa sp.) is a highly consumed fruit, and the fifth most important crop in world export market. It contains nutrients such as dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins, pro-vitamins, and phenolic compounds that are important in lowering the risk of chronic diseases. However, the onset of ripening due to the climacteric nature of the fruit makes banana susceptible to spoilage and short storage period. Therefore, the current work was aimed to evaluate the properties of flour and biscuits formulated with under-ripe muomva red banana flour (MRF) as partial replacement (0, 10, 15, 20, and 25%) for wheat flour. Functional, thermal, and physicochemical characteristics of flour and biscuits were determined. The inclusion of MRF improved the functional properties such as bulk density, oil, and water holding capacity of wheat flour. The results showed an increase in all the gelatinisation temperature parameters (To, Tp, and Te) of flour with increase in MRF concentration. The onset temperature (To) of flour increased from 70.25 to 109.41°C, peak temperature (Tp) from 72.59 to 116.21°C, and end temperature (Te) from 91.07 to 123.21°C. However, colour measurements showed that MRF significantly contributed to darker colour (lower L*) of biscuits. The L* values of biscuits from wheat and muomva red composite flour at different ratios decreased from 52.63 to 41.43. The a*, b*, and chroma values also decreased as MRF increased. Meanwhile the weight, spread ratio, break force, and fracturability of biscuits increased. The inclusion of MRF significantly improved the bioactive compounds and DPPH values of biscuits. In conclusion, the incorporation of MRF could be an effective way to produce nutritious and acceptable biscuits.
Physicochemical properties and stability of pumpkin seed oil as affected by different extraction methods and species
Authors: Can-Cauich César A. , Sauri-Duch Enrique , Cuevas-Glory Luis F. , Betancur-Ancona David , Ortiz-Vázquez Elizabeth , Ríos-Soberanis Carlos R. , Chel Guerrero Luis , Gonzalez Aguilar Gustavo , Moo-Huchin Víctor Manuel
Published: June 2022

The present work evaluated the influence of extraction method and species on the physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, fatty acid profiles, and rheological behaviour of pumpkin seed oils. The seeds of two pumpkin species (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber [CA] and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne [CM]) were obtained from small-scale pumpkin processors in Yucatán, Mexico. The oils were extracted by two methods: mechanical pressing (MP) and organic solvent (OS). It was found that the oil extraction method, species, and their interaction significantly influenced the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of the seed oils. The composition and fatty acid content of the oils were comparable to those of other pumpkin species. The oil yield from the MP method was lower than that from the OS method. Also, CA oil extracted by MP had an olive-green colour as compared to the reddish-yellow colour of CM oil, and also had a higher oxidative stability. The viscosity of CA oil extracted by MP was superior to that extracted by OS. Also, CA oil had a higher content of iron, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), stearic acid, and oleic acid as well as viscosity in comparison to CM oil, although CM oil had a higher content of linoleic acid. This information can be used to obtain more stable pumpkin oils with enhanced properties that would benefit both producers and processors.
Catechin content and free radical scavenging activity of Camellia sinensis twig extracts
Authors: Hung Yu-Ching , Hsiao Yu-Hsuan , Hsieh Jung-Feng
Published: June 2022

The catechin content and antioxidant properties of various Camellia sinensis twig extracts, including a water extract (WE), 10% ethanol extract (10% EE), 50% ethanol extract (50% EE), and 95% ethanol extract (95% EE) were investigated. The 50% EE had the highest total phenolic content (161.3 ± 8.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/L) and total flavonoid content (278.9 ± 12.2 mg quercetin equivalents/L). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin were the predominant catechins in the twig extracts. The relative concentrations of six catechins isolated from the extracts were: 50% EE > 10% EE > WE > 95% EE. The 50% EE showed free radical-scavenging activity. The concentration of dry matter of 50% EE required to scavenge 50% of ABTS radicals was 102.8 ± 4.2 μg/mL. These results suggest that 50% EE can potentially be used as a source of catechins.
Development of a whey protein concentrate/apple pomace extract edible coating for shelf life extension of fresh-cut apple
Authors: Hammad Karima S. M. , Elsayed Nesren , Elkashef Hany
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to develop a novel edible coating using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and apple pomace extract (APE) to extend the shelf life of fresh-cut apple. Apple slices were coated with a mixture of WPC and APE at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, and were stored at 5°C for 12 d. The total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of APE were determined. The weight loss, colour, browning index, microbiological analysis, and sensory evaluation of coated and uncoated apple slices were estimated. A total phenolic content of ethanolic APE was 6.77 ± 0.339 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry apple pomace. Apple pomace extract contained a total of 15 phenolic compounds. Also, a significant antioxidant activity was observed for APE using the DPPH method, and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 51.97 ± 1.576 µg gallic acid equivalent/mL extract compared with BHT (21.80 ± 0.424 μg/mL). Coating apple slices with WPC/APE decreased the weight loss as compared to the uncoated and apple slices coated with WPC only. The coated apple slices with WPC/1.5% APE had the highest lightness as compared to other coated and uncoated apple slices after 12 d of storage. In addition, the coated apple slices with WPC/1.0 and 1.5% APE exhibited the lowest browning index as compared to the uncoated apple slices. Using WPC and APE as coating agents showed antimicrobial activity, and it had little effect on the sensory evaluation of apple slices.
Influence of combined salt concentration and low-frequency ultrasound on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of silver carp myofibrillar protein
Authors: Nasyiruddin Riya Liuhartana , Noman Anwar , Mahdi Amer Ali , Al-Maqtari Qais Ali , Xu Yanshun , Jiang Qixing , Yu Dawei , Xia Wenshui
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to evaluate the combined influences of salt sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration and low-frequency ultrasound on the functionality of silver carp myofibrillar protein (MP). Silver carp MP was set using different salt concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 M NaCl) and low-frequency ultrasound treatment (12 min, 350 W). The samples showed a high solubility (85.30 - 93.80%) across various treatments. The turbidity was lowered significantly by increasing the salt concentration with no sonication, while the turbidity changes were insignificant with the combination treatment (NaCl + U12). Ultrasonic treatment of combined 0.4 M salt (NaCl 0.4 M + U12) achieved the highest water holding capacity (WHC) making up 6.46 g water/g MP. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) inhibition ranged from 16.33 to 43% and 13.27 to 25.69%, respectively, and the highest values were shown in the sample containing 0.4 M salt with sonication (NaCl 0.4 M + U12). It could be concluded that the best treatment was ultrasonic with 0.4 M salt (NaCl 0.4 M + U12). The treatment provided the optimal antioxidant activity with good protein solubility and WHC. The integrated results indicate that employing NaCl with ultrasonic treatments (NaCl + U12) could improve the functionality of silver carp MP. These results are very promising for increasing the potential advantage of this fish species as the sources of proteins for several applications.
Effect of season and processing steps in nutritional components and bioactivities of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)
Authors: Neri Therese Ariane , Nguyen Thanh Tri , Nguyen Thi Hong Phuong , Rohmah Zuliyati , Jeong Seok-Bong , Hwang Doo-Jin , Choi Byeong-Dae
Published: June 2022

Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Tongyeong, South Korea were evaluated for seasonal variation in terms of proximate composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and reducing power), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. The effect of different processing steps on blue mussels (from harvest to market) was also assessed. Samples were taken from late autumn to early spring (November 2015 - April 2016). Moisture (79.4 - 82.9%), lipid (1.3 - 2.2%), and protein (8.9 - 10.5%) components varied significantly according to season and processing stage; while ash content remained relative (2.1 - 2.4%). The lowest glycogen (34.2 - 36.7 mg/g) content was found in mussels sampled in January, signifying its usage to generate energy and combat cold stress in winter. Meanwhile, an inverse relationship was observed in mussel lipid (highest, 2.0 - 2.1%) and protein (lowest, 8.9 - 9.3%) contents in April, signifying the conversion of protein to lipid in preparation for spawning in summer. The main FA from lipid class profiling were n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA, 39.0 - 45.1%), and primarily DHA (14.8 - 16.9%). Atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (TI), and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic (h/H) indices, as well as PUFA/SFA and DHA/EPA ratios remained relative throughout the duration of the study. Freshly-harvested mussels exhibited significantly greater radical scavenging and ADH activities than the marketed mussels which emphasise the importance of keeping the bivalve’s freshness. April was determined as the most suitable time for utilising blue mussels as food, food ingredient, and/or for pharmaceutical development. This is because it is during its harvest season where the proximate composition is neither too high nor too low, and omega-3 PUFA content (28.7 - 30.9%) and omega-3/omega-6 PUFA ratio (6.5 - 7.2) are at their peak which support better antioxidant benefits.
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of fresh and cured rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Etlingera philippinensis
Authors: Barbosa Gina Batoy , Minguillan Jayven
Published: June 2022

The search for effective natural antioxidants has been increasing nowadays due to human health concern. Further investigation of the Zingiberaceae plants such as Etlingera philippinensis, a Philippine endemic plant, and Curcuma longa (turmeric) is key towards alleviating this concern. The present work aimed to provide fundamental information on the total antioxidant activity (TAA), total phenolic content (TPC), and curcumin content of the ethanolic extracts of the fresh and cured rhizomes of C. longa and E. philippinensis. Healthy and fresh rhizomes of E. philippinensis were collected from Kibawe, Bukidnon, while C. longa were from Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines. TAA determination was done using phosphomolybdenum method, while TPC and curcumin content using spectrophotometric method. Results showed that the TAA of fresh and cured rhizomes of C. longa were significantly higher than those of fresh and cured rhizomes of E. philippinensis. The TPC of fresh and cured rhizomes of C. longa were significantly higher than those of fresh and cured rhizomes of E. philippinensis. Significantly higher curcumin content was also observed in the rhizomes of C. longa as compared to that in the fresh and cured rhizomes of E. philippinensis. Generally, the ethanolic extracts of the cured rhizomes of E. philippinensis and C. longa exhibited higher TAA, TPC, and curcumin content than the fresh one. TAA, TPC, and curcumin were significantly correlated with each other. It can thus be concluded that E. philippinensis could also be a source of valuable curcumin.
Effect of different levels of fat, sodium chloride, and sodium tripolyphosphate on the physicochemical and microstructure properties of Jamnapari goat meat emulsion modelling system
Authors: Mohammad Rashedi Ismail Fitry , Ismail Nur Aqilah , Bakar Jamilah , Sazili Awis Qurni
Published: June 2022

Jamnapari goat meat has the potential to be used for producing quality meat products. The present work thus aimed to evaluate the properties of Jamnapari meat emulsion. A two-level factorial design with three independent variables (23), fat (10 and 30%), sodium chloride (NaCl) (0.8 and 2.4%), and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) (0.5 and 1.5%) was used to randomly produce eight formulations of Jamnapari goat meat emulsion. The total expressible fluid (%TEF), expressible fat (%EFAT), pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), texture, and microstructure properties of the eight Jamnapari goat meat emulsions were analysed. The %TEF was highly influenced by all factors (fat, NaCl, and STPP), while the %EFAT was only affected by the amount of fat. The pH and cooking loss were affected by fat and STPP levels, while the WHC was affected by the NaCl level. The hardness of the cooked Jamnapari meat emulsion was influenced by all the factors, while the cohesiveness by the fat and NaCl, the springiness by the fat content, and the gumminess, chewiness, and resilience by the STPP. A high NaCl level resulted in a homogeneous microstructure and smaller fat droplets. Although Formulation 3 (10% fat, 2.4% NaCl, and 0.5% STPP) showed good results in emulsion stability, cooking loss, WHC, textural properties, and uniform fat distribution within the meat protein matrix, Formulation 7 (10% fat, 0.8% NaCl, and 0.5% STPP) could be more preferable for its lower salt level. To conclude, the present work developed a stable formulation of Jamnapari goat meat emulsion that can be used to produce meat products.
Spirulina phenolic compounds: natural food additives with antimicrobial properties
Authors: Metekia Wubshet Asnake , Ulusoy Beyza , Habte-Tsion Habte-Michael
Published: June 2022

Food safety is a scientific discipline to ensure consumers’ safety and prevent food-related harms, hazards, or risks along the entire food supply chain. Although fish and seafood products are the best means for securing food and nutrition in a population, they are also highly perishable, being vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This review thus aimed to provide updated scientific information on the role of the phenolic compounds of Spirulina as food additives, and their antimicrobial activities in fish and seafood products, in a food safety context. Recent applications of Spirulina phenolic compounds showed good results in contaminated fish and seafood products. Different studies have concluded that Spirulina phenolic compounds such as polyphenols, C-phycocyanin, γ-linolenic acid, fatty acids, and the combination of lauric and palmitoleic acids have antimicrobial activity in eliminating and/or controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, and fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Overall, Spirulina can be considered as an emerging natural food additive with antimicrobial activities against pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
Gluten-free tarhana fortified with different ratios of edible mushroom Lactarius deliciosus
Authors: Süfer Özge , Bozok Fuat
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to develop nutritious and delicious tarhana soup for people who are especially sensitive to gluten. An edible mushroom, Lactarius deliciosus, was used in the gluten-free soup formulation instead of rice flour with different fortification ratios (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). Ash, protein, fat, mineral, acidity, water and oil absorptions, total phenolics, and antioxidant activities of gluten-free tarhana samples increased with the fortification of L. deliciosus in a dose-dependent manner, though the samples lost their lightness (L*), hue angle (H°), and chroma (C*) values. Total carbohydrate was calculated by subtracting the sum of crude ash, protein, and fat contents, and determined in the range of 64.31 - 78.51%. Potassium was the most abundant mineral found in samples, followed by calcium, and magnesium. Total polyphenols increased to 14,847.28 from 1,526.46 mg/kg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for 100% fortification of L. deliciosus powder on dry weight basis (DWB). Antioxidant activity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (3.01 - 10.14 mmol Trolox equivalent, TE/kg DWB) was comparably higher than that with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (1.09 - 8.81 mmol TE/kg DWB). Gluten-free tarhana sample fortified with 25% L. deliciosus powder (DWB) had the highest sensory scores with respect to colour, taste, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability.
Effects of fermentation with lactic acid bacteria from wikau maombo on the physicochemical characteristics of sago (Metroxylon sagu) flour, and its application in crackers
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Khaeruni Andi , Faradilla R. H. Fitri , Asnani  , Rahmawati Sitti , Dewi Novi Dian Puspita
Published: June 2022

In the present work, sago was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from wikau maombo, and used in the production of crackers. The effect of fermentation period, LAB strain, and inoculum concentration on the properties of the flour were investigated. Results showed that the best fermentation treatment was by using LAB UM1.3A with OD 0.75 for 48 h. The fermented flour had a swelling power of 11.39 g/g, water solubility index of 17.58%, pH of 6.32, and distinctive crystallinity and pasting properties as compared to native flour (unfermented; control). Crackers produced from the fermented flour contained higher fat, protein, and crude fibre than those produced from native sago flour. These crackers were salty and crispy. The degree of acceptability of the crackers made from fermented flour was comparable to the crackers made from wheat flour.
Antioxidant and pro-apoptosis activities of coffee husk (Coffea arabica) anthocyanins
Authors: Fu Xiaoping , Shen Xiaojing , Yin Xiong , Zhang Y. H. , Wang Xuefeng , Han Zhonghui , Lin Qi , Fan Jiangping
Published: June 2022

The commercial use of coffee (Coffea arabica) husks, one of the major solid residues obtained during the dry processing of coffee, has previously been considered unprofitable. However, coffee husks are an excellent source of stable anthocyanins that have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. The present work identified two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, from coffee husks by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant capabilities were tested by quenching free radical scavenge assay, reducing power, and ORAC assay at 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/L of coffee husk anthocyanins (CHAs). Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of CHAs on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide were also evaluated. Human colon cancer (Caco-2) cell apoptosis induced by CHAs was examined by flow cytometry. Based on the results, CHAs showed strong dose-dependent antioxidant activities, and could increase SOD activity, and suppress indicators for oxidative injuries such as MDA and LDH. Furthermore, the proportion of apoptotic Caco-2 cells ranged from 4.12 to 41.3% in response to treatment with different concentrations of CHAs. These results suggest that CHAs exhibit antioxidant and pro-apoptosis activities.
Physicochemical characteristics, protein analysis, and antioxidant properties of defatted Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley and Cucumeropsis mannii (Naudin) seed kernel flours
Authors: Noumo Ngangmou Thierry , Mbougueng Pierre Désiré , Lidiya C. Johny , Tatsadjieu Ngoune Leópold , Suresh P. V. , Mbofung Carl Moses
Published: June 2022

Defatted Lagenaria siceraria seeds and those of Cucumeropsis mannii, obtained after lipid extraction using food-grade hexane, were converted into flours (defatted Lagenaria siceraria seeds flours, LSDSF; defatted Cucumeropsis mannii seed flours, CMDSF), and analysed for their chemical and amino acid (AA) compositions, protein fractions, protein molecular weight distribution, granular surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging and phosphomolybdate reducing power assays. LSDSF and CMDSF contained mainly globular shaped proteins with high thermal stability. Composition wise, these proteins primarily consisted of globulins, glutelins, and albumin. AA analysis of the total protein identified 18 amino acids including all the essential AA. These flours thus could be potential sources of antioxidant compounds with higher activity in aqueous than in methanolic extract. Based on their composition and physicochemical characteristics, LSDSF and CMDSF are potentially good ingredients usable in food systems with low lipid oxidation.
The use of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) pulp in the preparation of a beverage with antioxidant properties
Authors: Contreras-Oliva Adriana , Uscanga-Sosa Diana Patricia , González-Rios Oscar , Morales Ramos Victorino
Published: June 2022

The main by-product of the coffee industry is the fruit pulp. Therefore, finding alternatives for its use is crucial to avoid water and environmental pollutions since the residue contains high amount of organic matters. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the use of coffee pulp in the formulation of beverage (tisane). Tisanes were formulated by combining coffee pulp, blueberry, and strawberry based on the levels of a rotatable central composite design. Eighteen combinations were evaluated by specialised coffee tasters, and two best formulations (6 and 14) were selected. These two formulations were then sensory-evaluated by 100 consumers in terms of appearance, colour, aroma, body, sweetness, and flavour. Most consumers enjoyed both formulations, with formulation 14 (3.75 g coffee pulp, 3.75 g blueberry, and 5.75 g strawberry) received higher preference of 92%, 87% would buy it if it became available on the market, and 99% would buy it if it had health benefit. Based on chemical and nutritional analyses, formulation 6 yielded 26.95 mg GAE/g of total phenolic compounds, and 9,110.65 µmol Trolox/g of antioxidant activity. These indicated that the formulated beverage had high antioxidant capacity as well as high consumer acceptance.