bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Media Advertising Effectiveness, Influences and Implications
Authors: Lau Hei Tong , Lee Richard
Published: June 2018

Cultural diversity is the norm in today's society, and past research has shown that ethnic cues in advertisements are effective in targeting ethnic consumers. This study extends this research stream by examining how ethnic identify impacts ethnic consumers’ perceptions of advertising in ethnic versus mainstream newspapers. The results show that ethnic consumers with higher ethnic identity have more positive responses towards advertisements with ethnic cues, particularly when the advertisements appear in ethnic newspapers. By contrast, for the same advertisements, mainstream media appears less effective in eliciting positive responses. Ethnic consumers with higher ethnic identity are also more likely to purchase and recommend products advertised in ethnic media. These findings offer insights to marketers and businesses who are targeting ethnic consumers. They shed light on when and how to use ethnic cues, particularly in ethnic media, in order to achieve desirable marketing and communication strategies that target ethnic consumers.
Effects of particulate matter on allergic respiratory diseases
Authors: Wu Jin‐Zhun , Ge Dan‐Dan , Zhou Lin‐Fu , Hou Ling‐Yun , Zhou Ying , Li Qi‐Yuan
Published: June 2018

The health impact of airborne particulate matter (PM) has long been a concern to clinicians, biologists, and the general public. With many epidemiological studies confirming the association of PM with allergic respiratory diseases, an increasing number of follow‐up empirical studies are being conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of PM on asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this review, we have briefly introduced the characteristics of PM and discussed its effects on public health. Subsequently, we have focused on recent studies to elucidate the association between PM and the allergic symptoms of human respiratory diseases. Specifically, we have discussed the mechanism of action of PM in allergic respiratory diseases according to different subtypes: coarse PM (PM2.5‐10), fine PM (PM2.5), and ultrafine PM.
Robotic rectal resection: preliminary Russian experience
Authors: Khatkov Igor , Pozdnyakov Stepan , Atroshchenko Andrey , Danilov Mikhail , Chudnikh Sergey , Abdulatipova Zaira , Dolgopyatov Igor , Saakjan Georgi , Streltsov Yuri , Yegorov Vladimir
Published: June 2018

Purpose To outline the preliminary experience of the da Vinci® robotic system used in a Moscow tertiary colorectal referral center for an unselected range of benign and malignant rectal conditions.

Methods Prospective non-randomized single-center study which analyzed results of 26 robotic rectal resections performed between january 2014 and december 2016.

Results The cohort included 10 females and 16 males (mean total age 61.6 years). Three patients underwent surgery for benign rectal villous adenomas. The median overall ASA score was 4 (ranged from 2 to 5). Of the surgeries, there were 19 total mesorectal excisions with 6 patients undergoing a multivisceral resection. The mean operating time was 358 minutes with a mean blood loss of 203 mL. All total mesorectal excision specimens were adjudged according Philip Quirke classification as mesorectal plane – Grade 3 with a mean of 18.5 lymph nodes identified (from 12 to 35). Of these there were 10 patients (38.5%) with lymph node metastases. After surgery the average pain score was 2.1 out of 10 on the “Visual-Analogue Pain Intensity Scale” and 1.5 score out of 10 on the “Brief Pain Inventory with Quality of Life”. Anal continency after rectal resection with total mesorectal excisions estimated according Wexner Scale: 10 days after surgery average score was −3.1 and a 6 month after surgery −1.6 score. The median length of hospital stay was 11 days (from 10 to 15).

Conclusion Our initial experience with a totally robotic rectal resection has shown the technique to be safe and feasible, particularly in patients where conventional laparoscopic rectal resection would be anticipated to be challenging.
COMMON SHOCK MODELS FOR CLAIM ARRAYS
Authors: Avanzi Benjamin , Taylor Greg , Wong Bernard
Published: June 2018

The paper is concerned with multiple claim arrays. In recognition of the extensive use by practitioners of large correlation matrices for the estimation of diversification benefits in capital modelling, we develop a methodology for the construction of such correlation structures (to any dimension). Indeed, the literature does not document any methodology by which practitioners, who often parameterise those correlations by means of informed guesswork, may do so in a disciplined and parsimonious manner.

We construct a broad and flexible family of models, where dependency is induced by common shock components. Models incorporate dependencies between observations both within arrays and between arrays. Arrays are of general shape (possibly with holes), but include the usual cases of claim triangles and trapezia that appear in the literature. General forms of dependency are considered with cell-, row-, column-, diagonal-wise, and other forms of dependency as special cases. Substantial effort is applied to practical interpretation of such matrices generated by the models constructed here.

Reasonably realistic examples are examined, in which an expression is obtained for the general entry in the correlation matrix in terms of a limited set of parameters, each of which has a straightforward intuitive meaning to the practitioner. This will maximise chance of obtaining a reliable matrix. This construction is illustrated by a numerical example.
Two-scalar turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection: numerical simulations and unifying theory
Authors: Yang Yantao , Verzicco Roberto , Lohse Detlef
Published: June 2018

We conduct direct numerical simulations for turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection, driven simultaneously by two scalar components (say, temperature and concentration) with different molecular diffusivities, and measure the respective fluxes and the Reynolds number. To account for the results, we generalize the Grossmann–Lohse theory for traditional RB convection (Grossmann & Lohse, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 407, 2000, pp. 27–56; Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 86 (15), 2001, pp. 3316–3319; Stevens et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 730, 2013, pp. 295–308) to this two-scalar turbulent convection. Our numerical results suggest that the generalized theory can successfully capture the overall trends for the fluxes of two scalars and the Reynolds number without introducing any new free parameters. In fact, for most of the parameter space explored here, the theory can even predict the absolute values of the fluxes and the Reynolds number with good accuracy. The current study extends the generality of the Grossmann–Lohse theory in the area of buoyancy-driven convection flows.
Effects of erythropoietin on body composition and fat–glucose metabolism in patients with affective disorders
Authors: Vinberg Maj , Højman Pernille , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Kessing Lars Vedel , Miskowiak Kamilla W.
Published: June 2018

Background

Erythropoietin (EPO) has been suggested to improve metabolism and also cognition, but human studies are scarce. This randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate whether EPO treatment influences body composition and fat and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose, and whether these changes would be associated with previous observed cognitive benefits of EPO.

Method

In total, 84 non-obese patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression or bipolar disorder in remission were randomised to 8 weekly EPO (40,000 IU) or saline (NaCl 0.9%) infusions in a double-blind, parallel-group design. Patients underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and week 14 (6 weeks after treatment completion). Cognitive measures were assessed and fasting levels of cholesterol, lipoprotein fractions, triacylglycerides, glucose and HbA1c were obtained at baseline, week 9 and follow-up week 14.

Results

In total, 79 patients had complete pre- and post-treatment data (EPO:N=40, saline:N=39). EPO had no cumulative effect on body composition and markers of fat metabolism. The EPO-treated group exhibited significantly lower HbA1c levels after 8 weeks treatment [F(1, 80)=8.51,p=0.005], however, 6 weeks after treatment termination a significantly higher fasting glucose levels [F(1, 79)=5.85,p=0.02] and HbA1c levels [F(1, 79)=5.85,p=0.02] were seen. The latter increase in HbA1c was further significantly correlated with a better cognitive outcome on verbal memory (r=0.25,p=0.03).

Conclusion

Repeated EPO infusions had no cumulative effect on body composition in this cohort of patients with affective disorders, however, EPO modulated HbA1c and fasting glucose and this was associated with patients’ improvement of verbal memory.
The similarity of global value chains: A network-based measure
Authors: ZHU ZHEN , MORRISON GREG , PULIGA MICHELANGELO , CHESSA ALESSANDRO , RICCABONI MASSIMO
Published: June 2018

International trade has been increasingly organized in the form of global value chains (GVCs). In this paper, we provide a new method for comparing GVCs across countries and over time. First, we use the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) to construct both the upstream and the downstream global value networks. Second, we introduce a network-based measure of node similarity to compare the GVCs between any pair of countries for each sector and each year available in the WIOD. Our network-based similarity is a better measure for node comparison than the existing ones because it takes into account all the direct and indirect relationships between the country–sector pairs, is applicable to both directed and weighted networks with self-loops, and takes into account externally defined node attributes. As a result, our measure of similarity reveals the most intensive interactions among the GVCs across countries and over time. From 1995 to 2011, the average similarity between sectors and countries have clear increasing trends, which are temporarily interrupted by the recent economic crisis. This measure of the similarity of GVCs provides quantitative answers to important questions about dependency, sustainability, risk, and competition in the global production system.
Adoption and Evaluation of a sample Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating of Cremated Bones at HEKAL
Authors: Major István , Dani János , Kiss Viktória , Melis Eszter , Patay Róbert , Szabó Géza , Hubay Katalin , Túri Marianna , Futó István , Huszánk Róbert , Jull A J Timothy , Molnár Mihály
Published: June 2018

A comparative study was undertaken to adopt and evaluate a radiocarbon (14C) preparation procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of cremated bones at our laboratory, including different types of archaeological samples (cremated bone, bone, charcoal, charred grain). All 14C analyses were performed using the EnvironMICADAS AMS instrument at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies (HEKAL) and the ancillary analyses were also performed at the Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI). After the physical and chemical cleaning of cremated bones, CO2 was extracted by acid hydrolysis followed by sealed-tube graphitization and 14C measurement. The supplementary δ13C measurements were also performed on CO2 gas while FTIR was measured on the powder fraction. Based on the FTIR and 14C analyses, our chemical pretreatment protocol was successful in removing contamination from the samples. Good reproducibility was obtained for the 0.2–0.3 mm fraction of blind-tested cremated samples and a maximum age difference of only 150 yr was found for the remaining case studies. This confirms the reliability of our procedure for 14C dating of cremated bones. However, in one case study, the age difference of 300 yr between two cremated fragments originating from the same urn shows that other processes affecting the cremated samples in the post-burial environment can substantially influence the 14C age, so caution must be exercised.
Curcumin attenuates hepatic fibrosis and insulin resistance induced by bile duct ligation in rats
Authors: Eshaghian Azam , Khodarahmi Ameneh , Safari Fatemeh , Binesh Fariba , Moradi Ali
Published: June 2018

Recent studies have strongly indicated the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin; however, the precise mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of curcumin on hepatic damage and hepatic insulin resistance in biliary duct ligated (BDL) fibrotic rat model. To accomplish this, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (eight for each): sham group, BDL group, sham+Cur group and BDL+Cur group. The last two groups received curcumin at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. The mRNA/protein expression levels of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), Rac1-GTP, dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), specific protein 1 (Sp1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Fasting blood glucose, insulin and Leptin levels were determined and homoeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, as an index of insulin resistance, was calculated. Curcumin significantly attenuated liver injury and fibrosis, including amelioration of liver histological changes, reduction of hepatic enzymes, as well as decreased expression of liver fibrogenesis-associated variables, including Rac1, Rac1-GTP, NOX1, ERK1, HIF-1α and Sp1. Curcumin also attenuated leptin level and insulin resistance, which had increased in BDL rats (P<0·05). Furthermore, compared with the BDL group, we observed an increase in IRS1 and a decrease in SOCS3 and STAT3 expression in the curcumin-treated BDL group (P<0·05), indicating return of these parameters towards normalcy. In conclusion, Curcumin showed hepatoprotective activity against BDL-induced liver injury and hepatic insulin resistance by influencing the expression of some genes/proteins involved in these processes, and the results suggest that it can be used as a therapeutic option.
‘That justice might not be infringed upon’: the judgement of God in the passion of Christ in Irenaeus of Lyons
Authors: Schendel Joshua
Published: June 2018

Some recent scholarship has claimed Irenaeus as an early proponent of a non-violent atonement theory. In response, this essay argues that by tracing out tracing out the themes of the guilt of Adam and Eve, the justice and judgement of God, the passion of Christ, and their relations in the thought of Irenaeus of Lyons, it becomes evident that Irenaeus was not an early proponent of a non-violent atonement theory.
Radiation dominated implosion with nano-plasmonics
Authors: Csernai L.P. , Kroo N. , Papp I.
Published: June 2018

Inertial Confinement Fusion is a promising option to provide massive, clean, and affordable energy for mankind in the future. The present status of research and development is hindered by hydrodynamical instabilities occurring at the intense compression of the target fuel by energetic laser beams. A recent patent combines advances in two fields: Detonations in relativistic fluid dynamics (RFD) and radiative energy deposition by plasmonic nano-shells. The initial compression of the target pellet can be decreased, not to reach the Rayleigh–Taylor or other instabilities, and rapid volume ignition can be achieved by a final and more energetic laser pulse, which can be as short as the penetration time of the light across the pellet. The reflectivity of the target can be made negligible as in the present direct drive and indirect drive experiments, and the absorptivity can be increased by one or two orders of magnitude by plasmonic nano-shells embedded in the target fuel. Thus, higher ignition temperature and radiation dominated dynamics can be achieved with the limited initial compression. Here, we propose that a short final light pulse can heat the target so that most of the interior will reach the ignition temperature simultaneously based on the results of RFD. This makes the development of any kind of instability impossible, which would prevent complete ignition of the target.
Contrasting patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional variation along a Costa Rican altitudinal gradient in the plant family Melastomataceae
Authors: Kandlikar Gaurav S. , Vaz Marcel C. , Kriebel Ricardo , Vargas German , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Cordero Roberto , Almeda Frank , Avalos Gerardo , Fetcher Ned , Kraft Nathan J. B.
Published: June 2018

The functional composition of plant communities in montane regions has been studied for decades, and most recent analyses find that environmentally favourable landscapes at lower altitudes tend to be dominated by species with resource-acquisitive traits, while more resource-conservative taxa dominate higher-altitude communities. However, it is unclear the extent to which this pattern is driven by co-gradient variation within clades or changes in clade representation across the gradient. To test for co-gradient variation, species composition, phylogenetic structure and functional traits were quantified for 97 species within the plant family Melastomataceae at five locations across a 2500-m altitudinal gradient along Volcán Barva in Costa Rica. Average melastome leaf force to punch, specific leaf area and leaf size vary with altitude, while four other functional traits do not. Taxonomic dissimilarity between communities was correlated with altitudinal difference, while phylogenetic dissimilarity was correlated with altitudinal dissimilarity only when measured with a metric that emphasizes shallow turnover of the tips of the phylogeny. These results highlight how species turnover may be more pronounced than functional or phylogenetic variation along altitudinal gradients. In addition, these results highlight the conservation value of lowland tropical forests, which here harbour a disproportionate amount of phylogenetic and functional diversity.
A Novel Approach to Visual Navigation based on Feature Line Correspondences for Precision Landing
Authors: Shao Wei , Gu Tianhao , Ma Yin , Xie Jincheng , Cao Liang
Published: June 2018

To satisfy the needs of precise pin-point landing missions in deep space exploration, this paper proposes a method based on feature line extraction and matching to estimate the attitude and position of a lander during the descent phase. Linear equations for a lander's motion parameters are given by using at least three feature lines on the planetary surface and their two-dimensional projections. Then, by taking advantage of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), candidate solutions are obtained. Lastly, the unique lander's attitude and position relative to the landing site are selected from the candidate solutions. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to estimate a lander's attitude and position robustly and quickly. Without an extended Kalman filter, the average errors of attitude are less than 1°and the average errors of position are less than 10 m at an altitude of 2,000 m. With an extended Kalman filter, attitude errors are within 0·5°and position errors are within 1 m at an altitude of 247·9 m.
Toward a Global Water Ethic: Learning from Indigenous Communities
Authors: Norman Emma S.
Published: June 2018

This review essay examines three important new contributions to the water governance literature, which provide important overviews of the changing water governance structures over time, and advance the call for a new water ethic. Furthering this work, I suggest that the need for a water ethic is globally important, but it is particularly urgent for indigenous communities. Settler expansion, fixed political boundaries, and subsequent colonial framings of land and water ownership have affected indigenous communities throughout the world and have led to severe environmental and social justice disparities. Although the books under consideration provide examples of indigenous rights associated with water protection, the theme is largely underdeveloped. Thus, I suggest that insights from indigenous communities’ more holistic and long-term relationship with water could help define and move forward the adoption of a new global water ethic. These insights are gleaned from work with indigenous communities throughout North America, particularly those in the Salish Sea and the Great Lakes regions. A new water ethic could incorporate three precepts: (1) treat water as sacred; (2) consider rights and responsibilities together; and (3) practice hydrophilia (love and know your waterways).
Addressing personal barriers to advance care planning: Qualitative investigation of a mindfulness-based intervention for adults with cancer and their family caregivers
Authors: Cottingham Ann H. , Beck-Coon Kathleen , Bernat Jennifer K. , Helft Paul R. , Schmidt Karen , Shields Cleveland G. , Torke Alexia M. , Johns Shelley A.
Published: June 2018

Objective

Advance care planning (ACP) increases quality of life and satisfaction with care for those with cancer and their families, yet these important conversations often do not occur. Barriers include patients’ and families’ emotional responses to cancer, such as anxiety and sadness, which can lead to avoidance of discussing illness-related topics such as ACP. Interventions that address psychological barriers to ACP are needed. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a mindfulness intervention designed to cultivate patient and caregiver emotional and relational capacity to respond to the challenges of cancer with greater ease, potentially decreasing psychological barriers to ACP and enhancing ACP engagement.

Method

The Mindfully Optimizing Delivery of End-of-Life (MODEL) Care intervention provided 12 hours of experiential training to two cohorts of six to seven adults with advanced-stage cancer and their family caregivers (n = 13 dyads). Training included mindfulness practices, mindful communication skills development, and information about ACP. Patient and caregiver experiences of the MODEL Care program were assessed using semistructured interviews administered immediately postintervention and open-ended survey questions delivered immediately and at 4 weeks postintervention. Responses were analyzed using qualitative methods.

Result

Four salient themes were identified. Patients and caregivers reported the intervention (1) enhanced adaptive coping practices, (2) lowered emotional reactivity, (3) strengthened relationships, and (4) improved communication, including communication about their disease.

Significance of results

The MODEL Care intervention enhanced patient and caregiver capacity to respond to the emotional challenges that often accompany advanced cancer and decreased patient and caregiver psychological barriers to ACP.
Percy Grainger: How American was He?
Authors: Gillies Malcolm
Published: June 2018

The national affiliation of composer-pianist Percy Grainger (1882–1961) is a complex matter. While often claimed today to have been Australian or American, he was a ‘naturally born British subject’ for the first 36 years of his life. Thereafter, he was a naturalized American. Drawing on Grainger’s letters, essays, scores and memorabilia, this article investigates the reasons behind Grainger’s adoption of American citizenship during the final months of the First World War, and the subsequent national traits within his manner of living as well as his social attitudes, musical approach and style. His contributions to instrumentation, scoring and texture, as well as to music education, are seen from this analysis to have strong American traits, and subsequent influence, while his compositional style remained essentially English, although built upon a technical base established while a teenage student in Germany.

In later life, Grainger was ambivalent about remaining an American citizen and resident, not just because of an implied disloyalty to his ‘native land’, Australia, but also because of his lack of empathy with evolving American values. To a Yale University audience in 1921, he confessed to being ‘a cosmopolitan from first to last’. This article analyses Grainger’s thinking about cosmopolitanism, nationalism and universalism in the following decades, against the backdrop of his growing commitment to the racialist, later racist, cause of Nordicism. It focuses particularly upon Grainger’s series of articles about ‘Grieg: Nationalist and Cosmopolitan’ from 1943, before investigating the relationship between racial and national thinking in Grainger’s final years. This culminates in his last statement of musical ‘creed’, published in a Norwegian magazine in 1955: musically to support the ‘unity’ of the Nordic race, and to bring ‘honor and fame’ to his native land, Australia. Yet, Grainger died, in 1961, in America, and still an American citizen.
In Search of Hybridity: Grainger, MacDowell and their Cosmopolitan Imagination
Authors: Weber Ryan
Published: June 2018

While their names are not frequently juxtaposed in existing scholarship, Percy Grainger and Edward MacDowell both maintained that cosmopolitanism was not merely a return to eighteenth-century idealism, but also a practical solution to mediating the anxieties of their epoch. I argue that, as members of a transatlantic network of artists, their overlapping system of referents and mutual fascination with Nordic cultures was integral to the development of mutable definitions of cosmopolitanism. At the same time, the deliberate consciousness of difference that permitted for the simultaneous expansion and contraction of identities also contributed to the rise of conflicting imperatives. In the case of Grainger, certain tensions remain unresolved, including the propensity to circulate racial hierarchies under the moniker of ‘cosmopolitanism’. Therefore, in this article, I offer a methodology for appraising the common foundations of their affiliations, advance new analytical tools for evaluating the practice of ‘cosmopolitanizing’ local sources, and problematize the purported universality of their resultant discourse. By focusing upon the particular aspect of harmonic contextuality, I find that a distinct mode of hybridity emerged as they sought to distance themselves from European artistic models while in living America – one that ironically brought properties of time and space into closer proximity. This study thereby illustrates that the consequences of their cultural dialogue led to the end of anachronisms in the service of a ‘continual and restless spirit of change’.
Un-signing Geneva: legal pragmatics in the management of asylum
Authors: de Leeuw Marc , van Wichelen Sonja
Published: June 2018

In the last decade, several states have increasingly tried to ‘un-sign’ to their humanitarian obligations by seeking ways to circumvent European or international law. Through an analysis of a recently passed act in Australia on the management of asylum seekers, this paper examines how the practice of ‘un-signing’ can be seen as a symptomatic instance of reconfiguring asylum in late modernity. We focus on the proliferation of ‘legal pragmatics’ in the management of refugees. By ‘legal pragmatics’, we refer to theprocessualways in which the state attempts to hollow out international refugee law and in which courts respond by reinstating it. Normative consequences are thecriminalisationand thejuridificationof refugees. We argue that the proliferation of ‘legal pragmatics’ illuminates not only the ever-expanding reach of neoliberal changes in domestic legislation, but also the limitations of human rights to adequately respond to the neoliberal vicissitudes of humanitarian government.
Criticality mitigation in a quasi-constant coupling position independent resonant IPT network
Authors: Pacini Alex , Mastri Franco , Masotti Diego , Costanzo Alessandra
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses some significant design issues that are faced in resonant inductive system for wireless power transfer ‘on the move’. The targeted system adopts a single AC source to power a sequence of transmitting (Tx) coils, placed along theRxpath, whose geometry is optimized to minimize the variations of coupling for every possibleRxposition. To retain a constant coupling coefficient, two nearbyTxcoils are series-connected and simultaneously activated, establishing a path without any theoretical bound on its length, by a suitable switching network. This work analyzes the effects of asynchronous switching times, which are rigorously accounted for and minimized by a proper design of the compensating circuit elements, minimizing both the voltage spikes and the over currents on the coils, while keeping the system at resonance. A prototype operating at 6.78 MHz is built and experimental validations are carried out to verify the feasibility of a constant coupling link without experiencing the mentioned effects, but the adopted procedure is general and independent on its size or frequency.
Design and realization of a self-actuated frequency-selective radome integrated with microstrip antenna
Authors: Zhou Qihui , Liu Peiguo , Yi Bo , Yu Dingwang
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a self-actuated frequency-selective radome is presented and applied to a microstrip antenna. The radome acts as a self-triggered switchable screen to achieve adaptive electromagnetic protection in the L band. A prototype of the radome is fabricated to measure its transmission performance. The switchable characteristic is verified by a high-power radiation experiment carried out in a waveguide system. Besides, the antenna is placed under the radome to realize integration analysis, and the radiation performance of the composite antenna radome is measured in the anechoic chamber.
Substrate-integrated waveguide cross-coupled filters with mixed electric and magnetic coupling structure
Authors: Azad Amit Ranjan , Jhariya Dharmendra Kumar , Mohan Akhilesh
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) mixed electric and magnetic coupling structure implemented on a single-layer substrate to create finite transmission zeros (TZs), which can be used to design microwave filters with higher frequency selectivity. Mixed coupling is realized by three slot-lines on the top metal plane combined with an iris-window between two adjacent SIW cavities. The electric and magnetic coupling can be separately controlled by adjusting the dimensions of the slot-lines and the width of the iris-window, and a controllable TZ below or above the passband can be produced. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the mixed coupling structure is presented. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed structure, third- and fourth-order cross-coupled generalized Chebyshev bandpass filters are designed and fabricated using the standard printed circuit board process. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The filters exhibit simple structure and good frequency selectivity.
Developmental Outcomes, Attachment and Parenting: Study of a Sample of Spanish Premature Children
Authors: Sierra-García Purificación , López-Maestro María , Torres-Valdivieso María José , Díaz-González Celia , Carrasco Miguel , Ares-Segura Susana , Duque de Blas Gonzalo , Pallás-Alonso Carmen
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the development of premature children, including attachment, child psychological adjustment and parental variables. 130 children < 1,500 g or < 32 weeks at birth from two public hospitals, assessed at two years corrected age, together with their parents. Parental socio-demographic data was collected. Infant development, attachment and child psychological adjustment were evaluated, as was parental stress. The percentage of preterm children with developmental delays ranged from 5% to 21%. Girls tend to show higher levels of development than boys with effect sizes ranging from small, η2p= .02, to medium, η2p= .07. Secure attachment was the most frequent pattern in the sample. No significant differences,p< .05, between preterm children and the normative population were found on children´s behavioral problems and maternal stress levels. Despite the fact prematurity is considered to be a risk factor for a child´s development, a significant proportion of these children do not show problems in terms of developmental levels, attachment pattern and maternal stress. However, socio-emotional and affective domains, as well as psychological support programs for parenthood, should be followed up from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Olivine Oxygen Isotope Evidence for Intracontinental Recycling of Delaminated Continental Crust
Authors: Wang Chun‐Guang , Xu Wen‐Liang , Yang De‐Bin , Liu Yong‐Sheng , Pei Fu‐Ping , Li Qiu‐Li , Zhou Qun‐Jun
Published: June 2018

This paper reports the oxygen isotope compositions of olivine from dunite, wehrlite, harzburgite, and lherzolite xenoliths entrained by the Early Cretaceous high‐Mg diorites and Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and eastern North China Craton, with the aim of constraining processes that happened in the lithospheric mantle. Olivine oxygen isotope compositions were analyzed in situ using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Olivine δ18O of harzburgite and lherzolite xenoliths hosted in the Fushan and Tietonggou diorites with Archean and Paleoproterozoic rhenium‐depletion model ages ranges from 5.1‰ to 5.8‰, similar to olivine from spinel lherzolite xenoliths in the Late Cretaceous Fuxin basalts (olivine δ18O = 5.2–5.4‰) and typical mantle olivine. In contrast, olivine δ18O from dunite and wehrlite xenoliths ranges from 6.1‰ to 7.7‰, significantly higher than the typical mantle values. The olivine oxygen isotope data, combined with the petrologic observations, mineral compositions, and whole‐rock trace element and Sr‐Nd‐Os isotope compositions of the peridotite, suggest that the peridotites in Early Cretaceous high‐Mg diorites had been affected by interaction with melt derived from delaminated continental crust. These data provide compelling evidence for the recycling of continental crust in an intracontinental setting.
Evolution of the 2015 Cotopaxi Eruption Revealed by Combined Geochemical and Seismic Observations
Authors: Hidalgo Silvana , Battaglia Jean , Arellano Santiago , Sierra Daniel , Bernard Benjamin , Parra René , Kelly Peter , Dinger Florian , Barrington Charlotte , Samaniego Pablo
Published: June 2018

Through integration of multiple data streams to monitor volcanic unrest scientists are able to make more robust eruption forecast and to obtain a more holistic interpretation of volcanic systems. We examined gas emission and gas geochemistry and seismic and petrologic data recorded during the 2015 unrest of Cotopaxi (Ecuador) in order to decipher the origin and temporal evolution of this eruption. Identification of families of similar seismic events and the use of seismic amplitude ratios reveals temporal changes in volcanic processes. SO2 (300 to 24,000 t/d), BrO/SO2 (5–10 × 10−5), SO2/HCl (5.8 ± 4.8 and 6.6 ± 3.0), and CO2/SO2 (0.6 to 2.1) measured throughout the eruption indicate a shallow magmatic source. Bulk ash and glass chemistry indicate a homogenous andesitic (SiO2 wt % = 56.94 ± 0.25) magma having undergone extensive S‐exsolution and degassing during ascent. These data lead us to interpret this eruption as a magma intrusion and ascend to shallow levels. The intrusion progressively interacted with the hydrothermal system, boiled off water, and produced hydromagmatic explosions. A small volume of this intrusion continued to fragment and produced episodic ash emissions until it was sufficiently degassed and rheologically stiff. Based on the 470 kt of measured SO2 we estimate that ~65.3 × 106 m3 of magma were required to supply the emitted gases. This volume exceeds the volume of erupted juvenile material by a factor of 50. This result emphasizes the importance of careful monitoring of Cotopaxi to identify the intrusion of a new batch of magma, which could rejuvenate the nonerupted material.
The Control of Environmental Stratification on the Hurricane Maximum Potential Intensity
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Zhang Da‐Lin
Published: June 2018

This study examines the dependence of the hurricane maximum potential intensity (MPI) on environmental stratification beyond the traditional MPI framework. Unlike the previous formulation in which MPI is a function of the convective available potential energy in the eyewall only, a new MPI formulation is introduced herein that explicitly incorporates the effects of environmental stratification. The new formulation is examined within an axisymmetric modeling framework, using various initial vertical thermodynamic structures. Results show the strong dependence of the model simulated maximum hurricane intensity on environmental stratification, with a lower maximum intensity for a more stable troposphere. Given the growing evidence from recent studies showing that a warmer sea surface temperature would induce a more stable troposphere, our finding suggests a smaller change in the maximum hurricane intensity in the future warming climate than that estimated from the current MPI framework. The new formulation highlights the importance of environmental stratification in hurricane development and the long‐term variability of hurricane intensity, a complete understanding of which is still elusive at present.
Augmenting Onshore GNSS Displacements With Offshore Observations to Improve Slip Characterization for Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes
Authors: Saunders Jessie K. , Haase Jennifer S.
Published: June 2018

For the Cascadia subduction zone, Mw~8 megathrust earthquake hazard is of particular interest because uncertainties in the predicted tsunami size affect evacuation alerts. To reduce these uncertainties, we examine how augmenting the current Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) network in Cascadia with offshore stations improves static slip inversions for Mw~8 megathrust earthquakes at different rupture depths. We test two offshore coseismic data types: vertical‐only bottom pressure sensors and pressure sensors combined with GNSS‐Acoustic aided horizontal positions. We find that amphibious networks best constrain slip for a shallow earthquake compared to onshore‐only networks when offshore stations are located above the rupture. However, inversions using vertical‐only offshore data underestimate shallow slip and tsunami impact. Including offshore horizontal observations improves slip estimates, particularly maximum slip. This suggests that while real‐time GNSS‐Acoustic sensors may have a long development timeline, they will have more impact for static inversion‐based tsunami early warning systems than bottom pressure sensors.
The Kinematic Similarity of Two Western Boundary Currents Revealed by Sustained High‐Resolution Observations
Authors: Archer M. R. , Keating S. R. , Roughan M. , Johns W. E. , Lumpkin R. , Beron‐Vera F. J. , Shay L. K.
Published: June 2018

Western boundary currents (WBCs) modulate the global climate and dominate regional ocean dynamics. Despite their importance, few direct comparisons of the kinematic structure of WBCs exist, due to a lack of equivalent sustained observational data sets. Here we compare multiyear, high‐resolution observations (1 km, hourly) of surface currents in two WBCs (Florida Current and East Australian Current) upstream of their separation point. Current variability is dominated by meandering, and the WBCs exhibit contrasting time‐mean velocities in a Eulerian coordinate frame. By transforming to a jet‐following coordinate frame, we show that the time‐mean surface velocity structure of the WBC jets is remarkably similar, considering their distinct local wind, bathymetry, and meandering signals. Both WBCs show steep submesoscale kinetic energy wavenumber spectra with weak seasonal variability, in contrast to recent findings in other ocean regions. Our results suggest that it is the mesoscale flow field that controls mixing and ocean dynamics in these regions.
Global Observations of Horizontal Mixing from Argo Float and Surface Drifter Trajectories
Authors: Roach Christopher J. , Balwada Dhruv , Speer Kevin
Published: June 2018

Mixing by mesoscale eddies in the ocean plays a major role in setting the distribution of oceanic tracers, with important implications for physical and biochemical systems at local to global scales. Roach et al. (2016; https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011440) demonstrated that a two‐particle analysis of Argo trajectories produces robust estimates of horizontal mixing in the Southern Ocean. Here we extend this analysis to produce global 1° × 1° maps of eddy diffusivity at the nominal Argo parking depth of 1,000 m. We also applied this methodology to estimate surface eddy diffusivities from Global Drifter Program (GDP) surface drifters. The global mean eddy diffusivity was 543 ± 155 m2/s at 1,000 m and 2637 ± 311 m2/s at the surface, with elevated diffusivities in regions of enhanced eddy kinetic energy, such as western boundary currents and along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The eddy kinetic energy at the equator is high at both the surface and depth, but the eddy diffusivity is only enhanced near the surface. At depth the eddy diffusivity is strongly suppressed due to the presence of mean flow. We used our observational estimates to test the validity of an eddy diffusivity parameterization that accounts for mixing suppression in the presence of zonal mean flows. Our results indicated that this parameterization generally agrees with the directly observed eddy diffusivities in the midlatitude and high‐latitude oceans.
A New Bathymetry for the Southeastern Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf: Implications for Modern Oceanographic Processes and Glacial History
Authors: Rosier S. H. R. , Hofstede C. , Brisbourne A. M. , Hattermann T. , Nicholls K. W. , Davis P. E. D. , Anker P. G. D. , Hillenbrand C.‐D. , Smith A. M. , Corr H. F. J.
Published: June 2018

The Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf, the ocean cavity beneath it, and the Weddell Sea that bounds it, form an important part of the global climate system by modulating ice discharge from the Antarctic Ice Sheet and producing cold dense water masses that feed the global thermohaline circulation. A prerequisite for modeling the ice sheet and oceanographic processes within the cavity is an accurate knowledge of the sub‐ice sheet bedrock elevation, but beneath the ice shelf where airborne radar cannot penetrate, bathymetric data are sparse. This paper presents new seismic point measurements of cavity geometry from a particularly poorly sampled region south of Berkner Island that connects the Filchner and Ronne ice shelves. An updated bathymetric grid formed by combining the new data with existing data sets reveals several new features. In particular, a sill running between Berkner Island and the mainland could alter ocean circulation within the cavity and change our understanding of paleo‐ice stream flow in the region. Also revealed are deep troughs near the grounding lines of Foundation and Support Force ice streams, which provide access for seawater with melting potential. Running an ocean tidal model with the new bathymetry reveals large differences in tidal current velocities, both within the new gridded region and further afield, potentially affecting sub‐ice shelf melt rates.
Moisture Sources for Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events Over South China During 1979–2013
Authors: Huang Wenyu , He Xinsheng , Yang Zifan , Qiu Tianpei , Wright Jonathon S. , Wang Bin , Lin Daiyu
Published: June 2018

A Lagrangian approach is applied to explore the evaporative moisture sources within the boundary layer for 103 wintertime extreme precipitation events over South China during 1979–2013. Oceanic sources provided about 67.7% of the moisture for these extreme precipitation events, with terrestrial sources providing the remaining parts. The five most important moisture source regions were the South China Sea (30.9% of the total moisture source within boundary layer), the western North Pacific (20.2%), the East China Sea (14.9%), South China (i.e., moisture recycling, in which local evapotranspiration supplies moisture for precipitation; 14.6%), and southeastern Asia (11.5%). Characteristic trajectories linking moisture from the key source regions to South China are identified. All of these trajectories entered China south of the Yangtze River, with characteristic time scales ranging from 2.8 to 5.7 days. The critical circulation patterns for moisture transport from different source regions are also determined. Cyclonic anomalies over South China and its surrounding continental areas favored moisture transport from the South China Sea and southeastern Asia. To leading order, changes in the relative contributions of these and other key moisture source regions were associated with changes in the location or development pattern of these cyclonic anomalies. Beyond these relationships, the presence of anticyclonic anomalies over the western North Pacific favored moisture transport from the western North Pacific, while the absence of these anomalies favored moisture recycling within South China and moisture transport from the East China Sea.
Novel prosthecate bacteria from the candidate phylum Acetothermia
Authors: Hao Liping , McIlroy Simon Jon , Kirkegaard Rasmus Hansen , Karst Søren Michael , Fernando Warnakulasuriya Eustace Yrosh , Aslan Hüsnü , Meyer Rikke Louise , Albertsen Mads , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Dueholm Morten Simonsen
Published: June 2018

Members of the candidate phylum Acetothermia are globally distributed and detected in various habitats. However, little is known about their physiology and ecological importance. In this study, an operational taxonomic unit belonging to Acetothermia was detected at high abundance in four full-scale anaerobic digesters by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The first closed genome from this phylum was obtained by differential coverage binning of metagenomes and scaffolding with long nanopore reads. Genome annotation and metabolic reconstruction suggested an anaerobic chemoheterotrophic lifestyle in which the bacterium obtains energy and carbon via fermentation of peptides, amino acids, and simple sugars to acetate, formate, and hydrogen. The morphology was unusual and composed of a central rod-shaped cell with bipolar prosthecae as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We hypothesize that these prosthecae allow for increased nutrient uptake by greatly expanding the cell surface area, providing a competitive advantage under nutrient-limited conditions.