bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: BENZ‐ANELLIERTE VERBRUECKTE HETERO(11)ANNULENE UND 6,7‐BENZO‐4,9‐OXIDO(11)ANNULENYL KATIONEN
Authors: OGAWA H. , SHIMOJO N.
Published: March 2016

Die Wittigreaktion zwischen dem 3‐Benzoxepin‐2,4‐dia1dehyd (I) und den Bisphosphonium‐Salzen (IIa)‐(IIc) liefert in mäßigen Ausbeuten die erwarteten Benz(1 l)annulene (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: ALPHA‐PYRIDYLAMINO‐DIALKYLBORANE UND IHRE VERW. ZUR HERST. VON CHELATEN
Authors: DOROKHOV V. A. , MIKHAILOV B. M.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung von α‐Amino‐pyridin (I) mit Trialkylboranen, z.B. Tripropyl‐boran (II), in siedendem Tetrahydrofuran erhält man α‐Pyridylamino‐dipropyl‐borane (III) (Ausbeute 70 ‐ 88%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON BOR‐HETEROCYCLEN AUS GUANYLHARNSTOFF UND VERWANDTEN VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: MAITRA A. N. , SEN D.
Published: March 2016

Guanylharnstoff (I), die Äther (III) bzw. Biguanid setzen sich mit Trimethyl‐ ,borat in Methanol zu den Boriniden (II), (IV) bzw. (V) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON AZOLEN UND IHREN DERIVATEN 13. MITT. ALKYLSILYLSUBSTITUIERTE ISOXAZOLIDINE UND ISOXAZOLINE
Authors: SZWECHGEJMER G. A. , SOBCOWA N. I. , BARANSKI A.
Published: March 2016

Die Addition der Nitrolsäuremethylester (II) (erhalten aus den entsprechenden Nitroverbindungen und Diazomethan in Benzol bei 6‐8°C) an die Trimethylsilylolefine (I) bei 25°C (a) bzw. 6‐8°C (b) liefert glatt die Isoxazolidi (III).
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. UND KONDENSATION VON CHLOR‐DERIVATEN DER POLYPHENYL‐CYCLOSILOXANE
Authors: ANDRIANOV K. A. , MAKAROVA N. N.
Published: March 2016

3 Mol Siliciumtetrachlorid (II) setzen sich in Äther bei höchstens 10°C mit 1 M 1,3,5,7‐Tetrahydroxy‐1,3,5,7‐tetraphenyl‐tetrasiloxan (I) zum 1‐Hydroxy‐tris‐ 3,5,7‐trichlorsiloxy‐1 ,3,5,7‐tetraphenyl‐cyclo‐tetrasiloxan (III) um, das durch HCl‐Abspaltung sofort in die Verbindungen (IV) (Ausbeute 33%) und (V) (19 übergeht, wobei die Ausbeute an (IV) durch Variieren der Versuchsbedingung bis 70% gesteigert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE PHOSPHORYLIERUNG VON ALKYL‐TERT.‐BUTYLAETHERN
Authors: KOCHETKOV N. K. , KLIMOV E. M. , NIFANT'EV E. E. , KOROTEEV M. P.
Published: March 2016

Phosphorige Säure (II) reagiert bei 120‐130°C mit Alkyl‐tert‐butyl‐äthern (I), z.B. Butyl‐tert.‐butyl‐äther (Ia), unter Abspaltung von Isobutylen (IV) und mit 71% Ausbeute zum Phosphorigsäurebutylester (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: STABILE MONO‐ALKOXY‐FLUORPHOSPHORANE
Authors: ROBERT D. U. , FLATAU G. N. , DEMAY C. , RIESS J. G.
Published: March 2016

Methyl‐ und Phenyl‐tetrafluorphosphoran (I) bilden mit den Trimethylsilyl‐ äthern (II) die luftempfindlichen Mono‐alkoxy‐fluorphosphorane (III) und Trimethylsilylfluorid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: EINE VERLANGSAMTE STICKSTOFF‐INVERSION AUFGRUND INNERMOLEKULARER WASSERSTOFFBRUECKEN‐BINDUNG, UNTERSUCHUNG BEIM DIAETHYL‐2‐AZIRIDINYLPHOSPHAT UEBER DIE PARAMAGNETISCH INDUZIERTEN NMR‐SHIFTS UNTER VERW. VON TRIS‐(DIPIVALOMETHANATO)‐EUROPIUM(III) SOWIE LOESUNGSMITTEL‐SHIFTS
Authors: RENGARAJU S. , BERLIN K. D.
Published: March 2016

Vinylphosphonsäureester (I) wurde nach Bromierung zu (II) mit Ammoniak in das Vinylbromid (III) übergeführt, das mit Ammoniak unter Druck zum Aziridin (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBER PHOSPHAZENE 47. MITT. VIER‐ UND FUENFGLIEDRIGE PHOSPHOR‐HETEROCYCLEN 6. MITT. AZAPHOSPHOLO‐DIHYDROPYRIDINE
Authors: ZEISS W. , SCHMIDPETER A.
Published: March 2016

Diäthoxymethylenamino‐diphenylphosphin (I) reagiert mit Acrylnitril (II) zum cyclischen Addukt (III), während mit den Acrylestern (IVa) und (IVb) über das (III) entsprechende Derivat (V) hinaus die bicyclischen Derivate (VI) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: OX. VON 10‐ACYL‐PHENOSELENAZINEN MIT PHENYLJODOSOACETAT
Authors: PODOLESOV B. D. , JORDANOVSKA V. B.
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation der Titelverbindungen (I) zu den entsprechenden Se‐oxiden (III) gelingt ohne Bildung von Nebenprodukten mit Phenyljodosoacetat (II).
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS DES ALKALIMETALLS AUF DIE STEREOSELEKTIVITAET DER PROTONIERUNG VON METALLORGANISCHEN DIHYDROANTHRACENVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: FABRE C. , HADJ ALI SALEM M. , WELVART Z.
Published: March 2016

Die Anthracenderivate (I) wurden durch Reaktion des Na‐ bzw. Li‐Salzes von Anthracen mit entsprechenden α‐Aminonitrilen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS DES ALKALIMETALLS AUF DIE STEREOSELEKTIVITAET UND STELLE DER PROTONIERUNG VON METALLORGANISCHEN DIHYDRONAPHTHALINVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: FABRE C. , HADJ ALI SALEM M. , WELVART Z.
Published: March 2016

Die Derivate (I) wurden nach Literaturmethoden dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND EINIGE EIGENSCHAFTEN DER O‐SULFO‐BENZOATE VON SELTENERDMETALLEN DER CER‐UNTERGRUPPE
Authors: PIRKES S. B. , BUCHKOVA R. T. , DIDENKO E. A. , SHESTAKOVA M. T.
Published: March 2016

Die aus entsprechenden Seltenerdmetallcarbonaten mit o‐Sulfo‐benzoesäure kristallin dargestellten Salze (I) werden röntgenographisch charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ZIRKONIUM‐ UND HAFNIUMOXIDGLYKOLATE
Authors: PROZOROVSKAYA Z. N. , POTAPOVA I. V. , KALININA S. S. , CHUVAEV V. F. , PETROV K. I. , KOMISSAROVA L. N.
Published: March 2016

Durch Reaktion von Zr‐ und Hf‐oxidchlorid mit Glykolsäure im Molverhältnis 1:1 oder 1 22 bzw. 1 23 oder l 24 werden die Glykolate (I) und (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIREKTE SYNTH. VON ORGANISCHEN GERMANIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN BEI TEMPERATUREN VON 160‐240 GRAD
Authors: POZDEEV V. V. , FOMINA N. V. , SHEVERDINA N. I. , KOCHESHKOV K. A.
Published: March 2016

Beim Überleiten von Butylbromid (I) über Germanium bei 240°C erhält man Butyl‐germaniumtribromid (II) mit einer Ausbeute von l0 ‐ 12%.
ChemInform Abstract: KATHODISCHE SYNTH. VON TETRAALKYLZINN‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: ULERY HARRIS E.
Published: March 2016

Methyl‐ und Allylbromid werden an der Sn‐Elektrode in hoher Ausbeute zu den Alkylzinnverbindungen (I) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON (TRIPHENYLSTANNYL)‐CARBODIIMIDEN UND ‐CYANAMID MIT ORGANOHALOGENIDEN UND ‐ISOTHIOCYANATEN
Authors: CARDONA R. A. , KUPCHIK E. J.
Published: March 2016

Bis‐(triphenylstannyl)‐carbodiimid (I) reagiert mit Tritylchlorid (II) stufenweise über (III) zu Bis‐(trityl)‐carbodiimid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DIE DISPROPORTIONIERUNG VON RESTEN UND FUNKTIONELLEN GRUPPEN IN DER REIHE DER ACYLDERIVATE DES ZINNS
Authors: MEL'NICHENKO L. S. , ZEMLYANSKII N. N. , KOCHESHKOV K. A.
Published: March 2016

Aus 2 Mol Diacyloxy‐dibutyl‐zinn (I) und Zinntetrahalogenid (II) in siedende Hexan entstehen Tetraacyl‐zinn (III) (Ausbeute 73‐92%) und Dibutyl‐zinn dihalogenid (IV) (87‐92%).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTO‐INDUZIERTE EINSCHIEBUNG VON BIS‐PI‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐WOLFRAM IN AROMATISCHE KOHLENSTOFF‐WASSERSTOFF‐BINDUNGEN
Authors: GIANOTTI C. , GREEN M. L. H.
Published: March 2016

Bis‐π‐cyclopentadienyl‐wolframdihydrid (I) liefert mit Benzol (II) bei Belichtung über Bis‐π‐cyclopentadienyl‐wolfram (III) das Einschiebungsprodukt (IV Mit Hexadeuterobenzol (V) oder Toluol (VII) entstehen analog die Einschiebungsprodukte (VI) und (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXE SCHIFFSCHER BASEN MIT OXOKATIONEN 1. MITT. URANYLKOMPLEXE MIT VIERZAEHNIGEN OPTISCH AKTIVEN VOM SALICYLALDEHYD ABGELEITETEN BASEN
Authors: PASINI A. , GULLOTTI M. , CESAROTTI E.
Published: March 2016

Die Komplexe (I) wurden durch Rückflußkochen von Uranylacetat und den Liganden im Molverhältnis 1:1 in Äthanol dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: RHENIUM(I)‐KOMPLEXE MIT (2‐CYANAETHYL)‐DIPHENYLPHOSPHIN
Authors: STORHOFF B. N.
Published: March 2016

Dem aus Halogenpentacarbonylrhenium (I) und (2‐Cyanäthyl)‐diphenylphosphin (II) entstehenden Komplex wird die Struktur (III) zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: (PI‐PHENYL)‐PHENYLAETHYLPHOSPHIN‐(PI‐2,3‐DIMETHYLBUTADIEN)‐EISEN(0), EIN PHOSPHINKOMPLEX OHNE KOORDINIERTEN PHOSPHOR
Authors: KOERNER VON GUSTORF ERNST , FISCHLER INGRID , LEITICH JOHANNES , DREESKAMP HERBERT
Published: March 2016

Der Komplex (I) reagiert in Benzol bei Raumtemperatur unter Bestrahlung mit 2,3‐Dimethylbutadien zu dem Titelkomplex (II), bei dem die Koordina tion des Eisens zu dem Butadien und einer als Donator von 6 Elektronen fungierenden Phenylgruppe des Phosphins erfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLIERUNG EINES UEBERGANGSMETALL‐KOMPLEXES VON HEXABORAN(10), MY‐FE(CO)4B6H10
Authors: DAVISON A. , TRAFICANTE D. D. , WREFORD S. S.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung von Di‐eisen‐ennea‐carbonyl (I) mit Hexaboran(10) (II) liefert den Eisen‐Komplex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: MODIFIZIERTE SYNTH. VON TRANS‐DICHLORO‐BIS‐(AETHYLENDIAMIN)‐KOBALT(III)‐CHLORID
Authors: KRISHNAMURTHY M.
Published: March 2016

In früher veröffentlichten Synthesen der Titelverbindung war eine durchschnittliche Aufarbeitungszeit von 15‐16 Stunden erforderlich.
ChemInform Abstract: EINIGE CYCLOPENTADIENYLKOBALTNITRILE UND ‐ISONITRILE
Authors: DINEEN J. A. , PAUSON P. L.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung der Dijodide (I) bzw. (VI) mit Kaliumcyanid werden die Cyanokomplexe (II) bzw. (VII) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II)‐ UND ZINK(II)‐N‐ALKYL‐THIOSALICYLALDIMINATE
Authors: MINKINA L. S. , KURBATOV V. P. , OSIPOV O. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Dipolmomente der nach bekannten Methoden dargestellten, bis auf wenige Ausnahmen diamagnetischen Komplexe (I) und (II) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CHELATE VON KUPFER(II)‐SALZEN MIT PYRIDYL‐ UND 4‐METHYL‐PYRIDYL‐(2)‐PHOSPHONSAEUREDIAETHYLESTER
Authors: SPECA A. N. , PYTLEWSKI L. L. , KARAYANNIS N. M.
Published: March 2016

Den aus Cu(II)‐Salzen und den Pyridylphosphonaten synthetisierten 1:2‐ Komplexen werden aufgrund von IR‐ und elektronenspektroskopischen sowie magnetischen Untersuchungen und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen die quadra tisch‐planare Struktur (I) und die quadratisch‐pyramidale Struktur (II) zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH., AQUOTISIERUNGSKINETIK UND ‐MECHANISMUS VON CHLORNITRO‐BIS‐(DIMETHYLGLYOXIMATO)‐RHODIUM(III)‐SAEURE
Authors: SYRTSOVA G. P. , BOLGAR' T. S.
Published: March 2016

Der aus dem komplexen Rhodiat (I) in siedender wäßriger Schwefelsäure entstehende Komplex (II) geht unter der Einwirkung von konz. HCl bei 25°C in die Rhodiumsäure (III) über.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERE DER KOMPLEXE DICHLORO‐AMMIN‐GLYCIN‐PLATIN(II) UND CHLORO‐AMMIN‐GLYCINATO‐PLATIN(II)
Authors: VOLSHTEIN L. M. , KRYLOVA L. F.
Published: March 2016

Durch Reaktion des komplexen Platinats (I) mit Glycin (Molverhältnis wie 1:3) in siedender wäßriger Lösung läßt sich der cis‐Komplex (II) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIVITAET VON PLATIN(0)‐OLEFIN‐ UND ‐ACETYLEN‐KOMPLEXEN GEGENUEBER TETRACHLOR‐O‐BENZOCHINON
Authors: BARLEX D. M. , KEMMITT R. D. W. , LITTLECOTT G. W.
Published: March 2016

Die Platin‐Acetylen‐Verbindungen (III) reagieren mit Tetrachlor‐o‐benzochinon (IV) zu den Komplexen (V) bzw. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: SELEKTIVE RED. UNGESAETTIGTER KETONE DURCH DEN LITHIUM‐AMMONIAK‐KOMPLEX
Authors: MEL'NIKOVA V. I. , PIVNITSKII K. K.
Published: March 2016

Die ungesättigten Ketone (I) lassen sich mit äquimolaren Mengen von Li(NH3)4 (aus Li und NH3 in Diäthyläther bei 25° dargestellt) in Diäthyläther oder Tetrahydrofuran bei 20° glatt zu den gesättigten Ketonen (II) reduzieren.
ChemInform Abstract: PHYTOECDYSONE UND IRIDOIDE AUS VITEX MEGAPOTAMICA
Authors: RIMPLER H.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Äthanolextrakten von Vitex megapotamica wird neben den Phytoecdysonen Ecdysteron (I), Inokosteron (II), Polypodin B (III), Pterosteron (IV und dem Iridoid Agnusid (V) ein neues Phytoecdyson, das Viticosteron E (VI), isoliert und identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE HERST. VON 17BETA‐HYDROXY‐OESTRA‐4,6‐DIEN‐3‐ON UND SEINE STEREOSPEZIFISCHE ′BETA‐FACE′‐RED. AN C‐6 UND C‐7
Authors: BRODIE H. J. , HAY C. E. , WITTSTRUCK T. A.
Published: March 2016

Durch Oxidation des 17β‐Hydroxy‐östr‐4‐en‐3‐ons (I) kann das Dienon (II) erhalten werden, aus dem bei der Reduktion das 6,7‐markierte Hydrierungsprodukt (I) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE VERW. VON PROPIONSAEURE‐HCL ZUR HYDROLYSE BEI DER PEPTID‐SYNTH. NACH MERRIFIELD
Authors: WESTALL F. C. , SCOTCHLER J. , ROBINSON A. B.
Published: March 2016

Übersichtsmäßig wird über zahlreiche erfolgreiche Peptidsynthesen nach Merrifield unter Verwendung einer Kombination aus Propionsäure und HCl zur Hydrolyse berichtet.
ChemInform Abstract: BETA‐CARBONYLAMIDE IN DER PEPTIDCHEMIE, BETA‐AMINO‐ENONE UND BETA‐AMINO‐ENDIONE AUS N‐ACETOACETYL‐DERIVATEN SEK. AMINOSAEUREN
Authors: FILIRA F. , DI BELLO C. , VERONESE A. C. , D'ANGELI F.
Published: March 2016

N‐Methyl‐acetoacetyl‐aminosäuren (I) liefern mit Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCCI) die 2‐Acetonyliden‐3‐methyl‐oxazolidin‐S‐one (II), die mit Aminosäureestern oder mit Aminen (III) zu den Amiden (IV) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE UNERWARTETE KONFORMATIVE BEVORZUGUNG BEI EINEM ZUCKERDERIVAT
Authors: GLASS R. S. , WILLIAMS T.
Published: March 2016

1‐O‐Tosyl‐2,3:4,6‐di‐O‐isopropyliden‐a‐L‐sorbofuranose (I) liefert das Phthalimid (II), das zu (III) hydriert und zu (IVa) und (IVb) gespalten werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON 4‐METHYL‐OXAZOL MIT BUTIN‐(2)‐DIOL‐(1,4)‐DIACETAT
Authors: JAWORSKI TADEUSZ , RUDNICKI ANDRZEJ
Published: March 2016

Das Oxazol (I) reagiert mit dem Diacetat (II) in sauren Lösungsmitteln ( ;z.B. Essigsäure/Acetanhydrid) zu dem Pyridoxin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PROSTAGLANDINE UND VORSTUFEN 1. MITT. SYNTH. VON 11,15‐BIS‐DESOXYPROSTAGLANDINEN E1, E2 UND F1A, DIE DIE STEREOSPEZIFISCHE KONJUGIERTE ADDITION EINES LITHIUM‐TRANS‐1‐ALKENYL‐ALANATES
Authors: BERNADY K. F. , WEISS M. J.
Published: March 2016

1‐Octin (I) und Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid (II) geben das Alan (III), das mit Methyllithium (IV) das Salz (V) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: AZETIDINON‐ANTIBIOTICA 4. MITT. RK. VON PENICILLIN‐ESTERN UND VERWANDTEN VERBINDUNGEN MIT 1‐CHLOR‐BENZOTRIAZOL (CBTA)
Authors: KUKOLJA S. , LAMMERT S. R.
Published: March 2016

Der Ester (I) reagiert mit 1 Mol CBTA zum Sulfenamid (II) und mit 3 Mol CBTA zum Olefin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ALLGEMEINE METHODE ZUR DARST. VON BETA‐LACTAM‐ANTIBIOTICA, DIE IN ALPHA‐STELLUNG ZUR BETA‐LACTAM‐CARBONYLGRUPPE SUBSTITUIERT SIND
Authors: SPITZER W. A. , GOODSON T. , SMITHEY R. J. , WRIGHT I. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung von p‐Nitro‐benzaldehyd mit dem entsprechenden Trichloräthylester in Äthanol bei Raumtemperatur liefert in quantitativer Ausbeute die Verbindung (Ia), aus der durch Behandlung mit Lithium‐diisopropylamid bei ‐78°C das Anion dargestellt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRID‐KOMPLEXE VON SECHSFACH‐KOORDINIERTEM PLATIN
Authors: ANDERSON D. W. W. , EBSWORTH E. A. V. , RANKIN D. W. H.
Published: March 2016

Die trans‐Pt‐Komplexe (I) reagieren mit Halogenwasserstoffsäuren in Dichlormethan zu den neuen Hydridkomplexen‐(II), wobei Verbindungen, in denen Xund Ynicht gleich sind, in zufälliger Mischung isoliert werden.
Disease–drug database for pharmacogenomic‐based prescribing
Authors: Hussain S , Kenigsberg BB , Danahey K , Lee YM , Galecki PM , Ratain MJ , O'Donnell PH
Published: March 2016

Providers have expressed a strong desire to have additional clinical decision‐support tools to help with interpretation of pharmacogenomic results. We developed and tested a novel disease–drug association tool that enables pharmacogenomic‐based prescribing to treat common diseases. First, 324 drugs were mapped to 484 distinct diseases (mean number of drugs treating each disease was 4.9; range 1–37). Then the disease–drug association tool was pharmacogenomically annotated, with an average of 1.8 pharmacogenomically annotated drugs associated/disease. Applying this tool to a prospectively enrolled >1,000 patient cohort from a tertiary medical center showed that 90% of the top ∼20 diseases in this population and ≥93% of patients could appropriately be treated with ≥1 medication with actionable pharmacogenomic information. When combined with clinical patient genotypes, this tool permits delivery of patient‐specific pharmacogenomically informed disease treatment recommendations to inform the treatment of many medical conditions of the US population, a key initial step towards implementation of precision medicine.
Plant diversity increases spatio‐temporal niche complementarity in plant‐pollinator interactions
Authors: Venjakob Christine , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Ebeling Anne , Tscharntke Teja , Scherber Christoph
Published: March 2016

Ongoing biodiversity decline impairs ecosystem processes, including pollination. Flower visitation, an important indicator of pollination services, is influenced by plant species richness. However, the spatio‐temporal responses of different pollinator groups to plant species richness have not yet been analyzed experimentally. Here, we used an experimental plant species richness gradient to analyze plant–pollinator interactions with an unprecedented spatio‐temporal resolution. We observed four pollinator functional groups (honeybees, bumblebees, solitary bees, and hoverflies) in experimental plots at three different vegetation strata between sunrise and sunset. Visits were modified by plant species richness interacting with time and space. Furthermore, the complementarity of pollinator functional groups in space and time was stronger in species‐rich mixtures. We conclude that high plant diversity should ensure stable pollination services, mediated via spatio‐temporal niche complementarity in flower visitation.
Improving consumption rate estimates by incorporating wild activity into a bioenergetics model
Authors: Brodie Stephanie , Taylor Matthew D. , Smith James A. , Suthers Iain M. , Gray Charles A. , Payne Nicholas L.
Published: March 2016

Consumption is the basis of metabolic and trophic ecology and is used to assess an animal's trophic impact. The contribution of activity to an animal's energy budget is an important parameter when estimating consumption, yet activity is usually measured in captive animals. Developments in telemetry have allowed the energetic costs of activity to be measured for wild animals; however, wild activity is seldom incorporated into estimates of consumption rates. We calculated the consumption rate of a free‐ranging marine predator (yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi) by integrating the energetic cost of free‐ranging activity into a bioenergetics model. Accelerometry transmitters were used in conjunction with laboratory respirometry trials to estimate kingfish active metabolic rate in the wild. These field‐derived consumption rate estimates were compared with those estimated by two traditional bioenergetics methods. The first method derived routine swimming speed from fish morphology as an index of activity (a “morphometric” method), and the second considered activity as a fixed proportion of standard metabolic rate (a “physiological” method). The mean consumption rate for free‐ranging kingfish measured by accelerometry was 152 J·g−1·day−1, which lay between the estimates from the morphometric method (μ = 134 J·g−1·day−1) and the physiological method (μ = 181 J·g−1·day−1). Incorporating field‐derived activity values resulted in the smallest variance in log‐normally distributed consumption rates (σ = 0.31), compared with the morphometric (σ = 0.57) and physiological (σ = 0.78) methods. Incorporating field‐derived activity into bioenergetics models probably provided more realistic estimates of consumption rate compared with the traditional methods, which may further our understanding of trophic interactions that underpin ecosystem‐based fisheries management. The general methods used to estimate active metabolic rates of free‐ranging fish could be extended to examine ecological energetics and trophic interactions across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Nuclear expression of Y‐box binding protein‐1 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer and its knockdown inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mice tumor models
Authors: Shinkai Kentaro , Nakano Kenji , Cui Lin , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Onishi Hideya , Oda Yoshinao , Obika Satoshi , Tanaka Masao , Katano Mitsuo
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study was to examine the implication of Y‐box‐binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) for the aggressive phenotypes, prognosis and therapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). YB‐1 expression in PDAC, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and normal pancreas specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and its correlation with clinicopathological features was assessed in patients with PDAC. The effects of YB‐1 on proliferation, invasion and expressions of cell cycle‐related proteins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were analyzed by WST‐8, cell cycle and Matrigel invasion assays, Western blotting and quantitative RT‐PCR in PDAC cells transfected with YB‐1‐siRNAs. To verify the significance of YB‐1 for tumor progression in vivo, the growth and metastasis were monitored after intrasplenic implantation of ex vivo YB‐1 siRNA‐transfected PDAC cells, and YB‐1‐targeting antisense oligonucleotides were intravenously administered in nude mice harboring subcutaneous tumor. The intensity of YB‐1 expression and positivity of nuclear YB‐1 expression were higher in PDAC than PanIN and normal pancreatic tissues. Nuclear YB‐1 expression was significantly associated with dedifferentiation, lymphatic/venous invasion and unfavorable prognosis. YB‐1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest by S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 downregulation and consequent p27 accumulation, and decreased the invasion due to downregulated membranous‐type 2 MMP expression in PDAC cells. Tumor growth and liver metastasis formation were significantly suppressed in nude mice after implantation of YB‐1‐silenced PDAC cells, and the YB‐1 targeting antisense oligonucleotide significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors. In conclusion, YB‐1 may be involved in aggressive natures of PDAC and a promising therapeutic target.
Three‐dimensional scaffold of type II collagen promote the differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells into a nucleus pulposus‐like phenotype
Authors: Zhou Xiaopeng , Tao Yiqing , Wang Jingkai , Liu Dongyu , Liang Chengzhen , Li Hao , Chen Qixin
Published: March 2016

Type II collagen is reported to have the capability of guiding adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate towards a nucleus pulposus (NP)‐like phenotype. So this study aimed to establish a three‐dimensional (3D) collagen scaffold using N,N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethyl carbodiimide and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (EDAC/NHS) to increase the efficiency of ADSC differentiation into NP‐like cells. Physical properties, such as porosity, biodegradation, and microstructure, and biological characteristics such as cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and expression of relevant genes and proteins were measured to evaluate the efficacy of different scaffolds. Collagen scaffolds cross‐linked with EDAC/NHS exhibited higher biological stability, better spatial structure, and higher gene and protein expression of functional markers such as aggrecan, SOX9 and COL2 than those of other groups. Based on the results, freeze‐dried type II collagen cross‐linked with EDAC/NHS formed the best 3D scaffold, for inducing ADSC proliferation and differentiation toward a NP‐like phenotype. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1687–1693, 2016.
“PROPAGANDISTS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES”: THE OVERLOOKED PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE CARNEGIE CORPORATION AND SSRC IN THE MID‐TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: HAUPTMANN EMILY
Published: March 2016

The Carnegie Corporation's role as a patron of the behavioral sciences has been overlooked; its support for the behavioral sciences not only began earlier than the Ford Foundation's but was also at least equally important to their success. I show how the close postwar collaboration between the Carnegie Corporation and the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) to promote the behavioral sciences emerged after a strugglebetween Carnegie and the Rockefeller Foundation over the direction and leadership of the SSRC. I then focus on three postwar projects Carnegie helped conceive and fund that were publicized as the work of the SSRC: Chase's The Proper Study of Mankind (1948), Stouffer et al.'s The American Soldier (), and the Michigan's Survey Research Center 1952 election study. In each of these projects, Carnegie deliberately muted its own role and promoted the remade SSRC as a major advocate for the behavioral sciences.
Food‐derived immunomodulatory peptides
Authors: Santiago‐López Lourdes , Hernández‐Mendoza Adrián , Vallejo‐Cordoba Belinda , Mata‐Haro Verónica , González‐Córdova Aarón F
Published: March 2016

Food proteins contain specific amino acid sequences within their structures that may positively impact bodily functions and have multiple immunomodulatory effects. The functional properties of these specific sequences, also referred to as bioactive peptides, are revealed only after the degradation of native proteins during digestion processes. Currently, milk proteins have been the most explored source of bioactive peptides, which presents an interesting opportunity for the dairy industry. However, plant‐ and animal‐derived proteins have also been shown to be important sources of bioactive peptides. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo evidence of the role of various food proteins as sources of immunomodulatory peptides and discusses the possible pathways involving these properties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of corona discharge plasma jet on surface‐borne microorganisms and sprouting of broccoli seeds
Authors: Kim Je‐Wook , Puligundla Pradeep , Mok Chulkyoon
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Different pathogenic microorganisms have been reported to cause sprouts‐associated outbreaks. In order to sterilise and enhance the germination of seeds, non‐thermal plasma has been increasingly investigated in the field of agricultural science as an alternative to the traditional pre‐sowing seed treatments. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of corona discharge plasma jet (CDPJ) on disinfection of the natural bio‐contaminants of broccoli seed and also studied the plasma effect on sprout seed germination rate and physico‐chemical properties of sprouts.

RESULTS

Aerobic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, B. cereus, E. coli, Salmonella spp. were detected on the broccoli seed surface. After 0–3 min treatment using CDPJ, the detected microorganisms were reduced in the range of 1.2–2.3 log units. Inactivation patterns were better explained using pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. The plasma treatment of seeds up to 2 min exhibited a positive effect on germination rate, seedling growth. The physico‐chemical and sensory characteristics of sprouts were unaffected due to the CDPJ treatment of their respective seeds.

CONCLUSION

Corona discharge plasma jet can potentially be used for microbial decontamination of broccoli seeds. In addition, the plasma treatment of broccoli sprout seeds has enabled a significant enhancement in their germination rate and seedling growth without compromising physico‐chemical and sensory characteristics of their corresponding sprouts. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Azacitidine‐Induced Pericarditis: A Case Series
Authors: Newman Matthew , Malla Midhun , Gojo Ivana
Published: March 2016

Study Objective

To describe three cases of pericarditis probably related to azacitidine administration in a span of 3 years at our center.

Design

Case series.

Setting

Comprehensive cancer center within a large, academic medical center.

Patients

Three patients with high‐grade myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia who received azacitidine.

Intervention

None.

Measurements

None.

Main Results

Patient 1 presented with pericarditis after cycle 2 of azacitidine, patient 3 presented 3 weeks after completing cycle 5, and patient 2 presented during cycle 1. All patients were treated symptomatically and responded to corticosteroids. None of the patients were re‐challenged with hypomethylating agents. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable adverse drug reaction (score of 6) for patients 1 and 3 and a possible adverse drug reaction (score of 3) for patient 2.

Conclusion

With the exclusion of other common causes of pericarditis, we believe it is likely that azacitidine was responsible for the findings in our patients. Providers caring for patients receiving hypomethylating agents should consider this potential adverse drug reaction in the setting of unexplained chest pain or other clinical signs consistent with cardiotoxicity.
Dynamic behavior of the post‐SET loop region of NSD1: Implications for histone binding and drug development
Authors: Graham Sarah E. , Tweedy Sara E. , Carlson Heather A.
Published: March 2016

NSD1 is a SET‐domain histone methyltransferase that methylates lysine 36 of histone 3. In the crystal structure of NSD1, the post‐SET loop is in an autoinhibitory position that blocks binding of the histone peptide as well as the entrance to the lysine‐binding channel. The conformational dynamics preceding histone binding and the mechanism by which the post‐SET loop moves to accommodate the target lysine is currently unknown, although potential models have been proposed. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have identified potential conformations of the post‐SET loop differing from those of previous studies, as well as proposed a model of peptide‐bound NSD1. Our simulations illustrate the dynamic behavior of the post‐SET loop and the presence of a few distinct conformations. In every case, the post‐SET loop remains in an autoinhibitory position blocking the peptide‐binding cleft, suggesting that another interaction is required to optimally position NSD1 in an active conformation. This finding provides initial evidence for a mechanism by which NSD1 preferentially binds nucleosomal substrates.
Three reasons protein disorder analysis makes more sense in the light of collagen
Authors: Smithers Ben , Oates Matt E. , Tompa Peter , Gough Julian
Published: March 2016

We have identified that the collagen helix has the potential to be disruptive to analyses of intrinsically disordered proteins. The collagen helix is an extended fibrous structure that is both promiscuous and repetitive. Whilst its sequence is predicted to be disordered, this type of protein structure is not typically considered as intrinsic disorder. Here, we show that collagen‐encoding proteins skew the distribution of exon lengths in genes. We find that previous results, demonstrating that exons encoding disordered regions are more likely to be symmetric, are due to the abundance of the collagen helix. Other related results, showing increased levels of alternative splicing in disorder‐encoding exons, still hold after considering collagen‐containing proteins. Aside from analyses of exons, we find that the set of proteins that contain collagen significantly alters the amino acid composition of regions predicted as disordered. We conclude that research in this area should be conducted in the light of the collagen helix.
Influence of atmosphere and material properties on damp heat stability of ZnO:Al
Authors: Hüpkes Jürgen
Published: March 2016

We report on electrical properties and corrosion of ZnO:Al thin films on glass after damp heat treatments under various atmospheric conditions. The ZnO:Al films were prepared by in‐line magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. Damp heat treatments took place at 90 °C in various humid atmospheres including air, nitrogen, and mixtures of argon and carbon dioxide. Dry heat did not affect the properties of ZnO:Al films. Humidity, however, led to a significant increase in resistivity depending on preparation conditions of the ZnO:Al and the composition of the atmosphere. Additionally, humid CO2 levels exceeding 5% significantly etched the ZnO:Al films with resistance increase by orders of magnitude. The only exception from degradation exhibited the damp heat stable ZnO:Al that had experienced the so‐called high‐mobility annealing under the protective layer before degradation. This unique behavior was related to bulk properties of the ZnO:Al rather than a barrier effect at the film surface.
Bayesian Peer Calibration with Application to Alcohol Use
Authors: Ott Miles Q. , Hogan Joseph W. , Gile Krista J. , Linkletter Crystal , Barnett Nancy P.
Published: March 2016

Peers are often able to provide important additional information to supplement self‐reported behavioral measures. The study motivating this work collected data on alcohol in a social network formed by college students living in a freshman dormitory. By using two imperfect sources of information (self‐reported and peer‐reported alcohol consumption), rather than solely self‐reports or peer‐reports, we are able to gain insight into alcohol consumption on both the population and the individual level, as well as information on the discrepancy of individual peer‐reports. We develop a novel Bayesian comparative calibration model for continuous, count, and binary outcomes that uses covariate information to characterize the joint distribution of both self and peer‐reports on the network for estimating peer‐reporting discrepancies in network surveys, and apply this to the data for fully Bayesian inference. We use this model to understand the effects of covariates on both drinking behavior and peer‐reporting discrepancies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica Microparticles Supported Gold and Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles: A Magnetically Recyclable Bimetallic Catalyst for Sonogashira Reaction
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Ahmadi Jahantab , Nájera Carmen
Published: March 2016

Novel silica supported gold and copper ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized, characterized and used as a separable dual catalyst in Sonogashira type reaction. These Au.CuFe2O4@Silica NPs show a high efficiency as catalyst in the alkynylation not only of aryl iodides but also aryl bromides. By using only 0.5 mol% loading and t‐BuOK as base in N,N‐dimethylacetamide as solvent, aryl iodides react at 115 ºC in 1 d, whereas for aryl bromides the cross‐coupling takes place at 130 ºC in 2 d. The catalyst can be successfully recycled using an external magnet for four consecutive runs.
Triazine‐Triazole Conjugates as Potent Ligands for Cu–Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Wang Xiu , Sun Huaming , Zhu Zhuangli , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei
Published: March 2016

Triazine Triazole conjugates (TT) were developed as efficient ligand system for CuSO4⋅5H2O catalyzed Sonogashira and decarboxylative cross‐coupling reaction. This new protocol showed good compatibility with a broad range of substitutents and afforded moderate to excellent yields. TT ligands are rapid constructed and highly modular electronically and sterically.
Schneiderian first rank symptoms in schizophrenia: A developmental neuroscience evaluation
Authors: Tikka Sai Krishna , Nizamie S.Haque , Das Archana Kumari , Agarwal Nidhi , Goyal Nishant
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Self disorders in schizophrenia have been suggested to have distinct neurobiological underpinnings. Using comprehensive neuro‐scientific assessments including a neurophysiological, a neurochemical and a neuropsychological marker, this study assesses disordered‐“self” in schizophrenia.

Methods

Twenty schizophrenia patients with first rank symptoms (FRS;FRS+), 20 patients without FRS (FRS−) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were assessed for psychopathology, especially on specially designed FRS score sheets with a narrow and a broad definition. Resting state electroencephalography was acquired using 256‐electrodes; gamma spectral‐power was measured in 8 regions of interest. Serum BDNF and self‐monitoring were also assessed. Comparative and correlation analysis were conducted in addition to a step‐wise discriminant function analysis.

Results

FRS+ group with greater positive symptom score and a lower negative symptom score, showed significantly increased gamma spectral power, especially on right hemispheric regions, along with lower BDNF levels and lower scores on self‐monitoring compared to FRS− and HC. Serum BDNF levels and gamma spectral power in the region corresponding right inferior parietal lobule were identified as predictors that most accurately classified the defined groups.

Conclusions

Schizophrenia patients satisfying the criteria of presence of first rank symptoms represent a distinct neurodevelopmental subgroup with associated features of predominantly positive symptoms, significantly lower neurotrophin levels, aberrant resting state brain activity in the heteromodal association cortex and performing poorer on self‐monitoring tasks.
Genetic susceptibility to postherniotomy pain. The influence of polymorphisms in the Mu opioid receptor, TNF-α, GRIK3, GCH1, BDNF and CACNA2D2 genes
Authors: Kalliomäki Maija-Liisa , Sandblom Gabriel , Hallberg Mathias , Grönbladh Alfhild , Gunnarsson Ulf , Gordh Torsten , Ginya Harumi , Nyberg Fred
Published: March 2016

Background and aims

Despite improvements in surgical technique, 5%-8% of patients undergoing herniorrhaphy still suffer from clinically relevant persistent postherniotomy pain. This is a problem at both individual and society levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not a single nucleotide polymorphism in a specific gene contributes to the development of persistent pain after surgery.

Methods

One hundred individuals with persistent postherniotomy pain, along with 100 without pain matched for age, gender and type of surgery were identified in a previous cohort study on patients operated for groin hernia. All patients underwent a thorough sensory examination and blood samples were collected. DNA was extracted and analysed for single nucleotide polymorphism in the Mu opioid receptor, TNF-α, GRIK3, GCH1, BDNF and CACNA2D2 genes.

Results

Patients with neuropathic pain were found to have a homozygous single nucleotide polymorph in the TNF-α gene significantly more often than pain-free patients (P =0.036, one-tailed test).

Conclusions

SNP in the TNF-α gene has a significant impact on the risk for developing PPSP.

Implications

The result suggests the involvement of genetic variance in the development of pain and this requires further investigation.
The New Politics of Immigration and the End of Settler Societies
Authors: Dauvergne Catherine
Published: March 2016

Over the past decade, a global convergence in migration policies has emerged, and with it a new, mean-spirited politics of immigration. It is now evident that the idea of a settler society, previously an important landmark in understanding migration, is a thing of the past. What are the consequences of this shift for how we imagine immigration? And for how we regulate it? This book analyzes the dramatic shift away from the settler society paradigm in light of the crisis of asylum, the fear of Islamic fundamentalism, and the demise of multiculturalism. What emerges is a radically original take on the new global politics of immigration that can explain policy paralysis in the face of rising death tolls, failing human rights arguments, and persistent state desires to treat migration as an economic calculus.
Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics
Authors: Sassoon Joseph
Published: March 2016

By examining the system of authoritarianism in eight Arab republics, Joseph Sassoon portrays life under these regimes and explores the mechanisms underpinning their resilience. How did the leadership in these countries create such enduring systems? What was the economic system that prolonged the regimes' longevity, but simultaneously led to their collapse? Why did these seemingly stable regimes begin to falter? This book seeks to answer these questions by utilizing the Iraqi archives and memoirs of those who were embedded in these republics: political leaders, ministers, generals, security agency chiefs, party members, and business people. Taking a thematic approach, the book begins in 1952 with the Egyptian Revolution and ends with the Arab uprisings of 2011. It seeks to deepen our understanding of the authoritarianism and coercive systems that prevailed in these countries and the difficult process of transition from authoritarianism that began after 2011.
Obstetrics: Evidence-based Algorithms
Authors: Pundir Jyotsna , Coomarasamy Arri
Published: March 2016

Clinical research has produced a continuous stream of evidence-based guidelines to guide practice in obstetrics. The guidelines are often widely scattered: this book brings together the essential guidelines in one comprehensive resource. The primary focus is on the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and other UK national guidelines; however, many chapters contain a 'Guideline Comparator' box carrying information from important international guidelines. Where there are no UK guidelines, information based on international guidelines is provided; where any guidelines do not exist, available evidence and accepted norms of practice based on expert opinion are detailed. Several chapters also contain a 'what not to do' box, which should act as a source of rich debate. To assist those studying for postgraduate examinations - such as MRCOG - the information is presented in schematic flowcharts, representing a step-by-step method of approaching clinical problems and providing an easy-to-use learning resource.
Real-Time Software Design for Embedded Systems
Authors: Gomaa Hassan
Published: March 2016

This tutorial reference takes the reader from use cases to complete architectures for real-time embedded systems using SysML, UML, and MARTE and shows how to apply the COMET/RTE design method to real-world problems. The author covers key topics such as architectural patterns for distributed and hierarchical real-time control and other real-time software architectures, performance analysis of real-time designs using real-time scheduling, and timing analysis on single and multiple processor systems. Complete case studies illustrating design issues include a light rail control system, a microwave oven control system, and an automated highway toll system. Organized as an introduction followed by several self-contained chapters, the book is perfect for experienced software engineers wanting a quick reference at each stage of the analysis, design, and development of large-scale real-time embedded systems, as well as for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses in software engineering, computer engineering, and software design.
Emerging Market Multinationals
Authors: Cuervo-Cazurra Alvaro , Newburry William , Park Seung Ho
Published: March 2016

Emerging market multinationals are becoming leaders in their industries, able to compete on equal terms with firms from advanced economies, but their paths toward global leadership are not always smooth. This book examines the specific challenges faced by emerging market multinationals as they seek to develop their international operations and proposes actionable solutions for them. The authors seamlessly combine academic analyses with a rich selection of real-world cases to provide a clear framework for understanding some of the barriers that prevent firms from emerging economies from succeeding abroad and show readers what actions can be taken to achieve sustained international growth. With clear, concise arguments and examples that bring the discussion to life, this insightful book will appeal to managers and students alike.
Nomadic Narratives
Authors: Kothiyal Tanuja
Published: March 2016

The Thar Desert, which is today divided by an international boundary, has historically been a frontier region connecting Punjab, Multan, Sindh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. This book looks at the Desert as an historical region shaped through the mobility of its inhabitants - warriors, pastoralists, traders, ascetics and bards, often in overlapping capacities. It challenges the frames of Mughal-Rajput relationships generally employed to explore the histories of the Thar, arguing that Rajputana remains an inadequate category to explore polities located in this frontier region, where along with Rajputs, a range of groups, such as Charans, Bhils, Meenas, Soomras and Pathans controlled circulation, and with whom the Rajput states had to constantly negotiate. Sifting through a wide range of Rajasthani written and oral narratives, travelogues of British administrators, and vernacular as well as English records, the book explores long-term relationships between mobility, martiality, memory and identity in the desert expanses of the Thar.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Kehlet Henrik
Published: March 2016

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is an increasingly common and distressing problem faced by patients undergoing anesthesia that negatively affects their recovery and wellbeing and can result in significant increases in healthcare costs. Effective treatment strategies and relevant, up-to-date guidance are essential to manage postoperative nausea and vomiting in the perioperative setting. This practical, concise guide to the subject offers information on the history and mechanisms of postoperative nausea and vomiting, assessing and identifying risk factors, providing appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options, and implementing successful management strategies to tackle this issue. As a uniquely comprehensive study of the topic that provides much more detail than a chapter in a general anaesthesia textbook, this is an invaluable resource for anesthetists and physicians managing patients post-surgery.
Living with Disasters
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Amites
Published: March 2016

This book is a critical account of the disconnected nature of governance, conservation and livelihood initiatives in the Indian Sundarbans, an active delta that spreads over 25,500 sq. km across India and Bangladesh and lies in the Bay of Bengal. It draws a holistic picture of the disaster-prone delta in eastern India, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and also one of the largest tracts of mangrove forests in the world. The author juxtaposes the vulnerable lives and frequently displaced existence of the islanders against the dominant strategies of conservation and development followed by the state.
Variational Methods for Nonlocal Fractional Problems
Authors: Molica Bisci Giovanni , Radulescu Vicentiu D. , Servadei Raffaella
Published: March 2016

This book provides researchers and graduate students with a thorough introduction to the variational analysis of nonlinear problems described by nonlocal operators. The authors give a systematic treatment of the basic mathematical theory and constructive methods for these classes of nonlinear equations, plus their application to various processes arising in the applied sciences. The equations are examined from several viewpoints, with the calculus of variations as the unifying theme. Part I begins the book with some basic facts about fractional Sobolev spaces. Part II is dedicated to the analysis of fractional elliptic problems involving subcritical nonlinearities, via classical variational methods and other novel approaches. Finally, Part III contains a selection of recent results on critical fractional equations. A careful balance is struck between rigorous mathematics and physical applications, allowing readers to see how these diverse topics relate to other important areas, including topology, functional analysis, mathematical physics, and potential theory.
Solar Power Generation Problems, Solutions and Monitoring
Authors: Gevorkian Peter
Published: March 2016

Solar Power Generation Problems, Solutions and Monitoring is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and graduate students interested in solar power system design. Written to serve as a pragmatic resource for solar photovoltaic power systems financing, it outlines real-life, straightforward design methodology. Using numerous examples, illustrations and an easy to follow design methodology, Dr Peter Gevorkian discusses some of the most significant issues that concern solar power generation including: power output; energy monitoring and energy output enhancement; fault detection; fire and life safety hazard mitigation; and detailed hardware, firmware and software analytic solutions required to resolve solar power technology shortcomings. This essential reference also highlights the significant issues associated with large scale solar photovoltaic and solar power generation technology covering design, construction, deployment and fault detection monitoring as well as life safety hazards.