bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AC and DC electrical transport studies of (Fe, Co) codoped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Mandal Sanjay Kumar , Dey Puja , Nath Tapan Kumar
Published: July 2014

The authors have presented microstructural, ac- and dc-electrical properties, and magnetic and optical studies of Zn1-xFex/2Cox/2O (x = 0.1 and 0.2) semiconducting nanoparticles, prepared through low temperature chemical “pyrophoric reaction process.” Structural characterizations confirm the formation of single phase (at a calcination temperature of 300 °C), chemically homogeneous, nanometric sample (∼7 nm). Electrical studies on those samples have been carried out using an ac impedance spectroscopy and dc resistivity technique. Temperature dependent relaxation processes have been investigated by studying complex impedance spectroscopy. The authors have also estimated activation energy from both ac and dc resistivity data of those nanoparticles. Magnetic data clearly reveal the presence of some sort of magnetic behavior, even up to room temperature, in the x = 0.2 sample, whereas for x = 0.1 sample, there in no such magnetic behavior. This feature has been explained through magnetic polaron percolation theory. The authors have also estimated semiconducting band gap of those nanoparticles using recorded absorbance spectra.
Cell-Based Assay To Identify Inhibitors of the Hfq-sRNA Regulatory Pathway
Authors: El-Mowafi Shaima A. , Alumasa John N. , Ades Sarah E. , Keiler Kenneth C.
Published: July 2014

Noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs) act in conjunction with the RNA chaperone Hfq to regulate gene expression in bacteria. Because Hfq is required for virulence in several bacterial pathogens, the Hfq-sRNA system is an attractive target for antibiotic development. A reporter strain in which the expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is controlled by Hfq-sRNA was engineered to identify inhibitors of this system. A reporter that is targeted by Hfq in conjunction with the RybB sRNA was used in a genetic screen to identify inhibitors from a library of cyclic peptides produced in
Escherichia coli
using split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS), an intein-based technology. One cyclic peptide identified in this screen, RI20, inhibited Hfq-mediated repression of gene expression in conjunction with both RybB and an unrelated sRNA, MicF. Gel mobility shift assays showed that RI20 inhibited binding of Hfq to RybB and MicF with similar

K
i

values. These data suggest that RI20 inhibits Hfq activity by blocking interactions with sRNAs and provide a paradigm for inhibiting virulence genes in Gram-negative pathogens.
Imaging predictors of poststroke depression: methodological factors in voxel-based analysis
Authors: Gozzi Sophia A , Wood Amanda G , Chen Jian , Vaddadi Krishnarao , Phan Thanh G
Published: July 2014

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lesion location and poststroke depression using statistical parametric mapping.

Methods

First episode patients with stroke were assessed within 12 days and at 1-month poststroke. Patients with an a priori defined cut-off score of 11 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at follow-up were further assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to confirm a clinical diagnosis of major or minor depression in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) inclusion criteria. Participants were included if they were aged 18–85 years, proficient in English and eligible for MRI. Patients were excluded if they had a confounding diagnosis such as major depressive disorder at the time of admission, a neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy or an imminently life-threatening comorbid illness, subarachnoid or subdural stroke, a second episode of stroke before follow-up and/or a serious impairment of consciousness or language. Infarcts observed on MRI scans were manually segmented into binary images, linearly registered into a common stereotaxic coordinate space. Using statistical parametric mapping, we compared infarct patterns in patients with stroke with and without depression.

Results

27% (15/55 patients) met criteria for depression at follow-up. Mean infarct volume was 19±53 mL and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at Time 1 (within 12 days of stroke) was 4±4, indicating a sample of mild strokes. No voxels or clusters were significant after a multiple comparison correction was applied (p>0.05). Examination of infarct maps showed that there was minimal overlap of infarct location between patients, thus invalidating the voxel comparison analysis.

Conclusions

This study provided inconclusive evidence for the association between infarcts in a specific region and poststroke depression.
Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy in an Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patient without Removal of the PD Catheter: A Case Report
Authors: Attard Joseph A. , Attard Alexander
Published: July 2014

Introduction. Laparotomy in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity. Furthermore, standard protocol recommends removal of the PD catheter when surgery on the intestine is required. As far as we are aware, this is the first case report of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in a patient on automated PD where the PD catheter was left in situ.Case Report. A 61-year-old man man on APD who presented with a caecal carcinoma was stabilised on temporary haemodialysis (HD) prior to undergoing a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy without removal of the PD catheter. He made an uneventful recovery and APD was resumed successfully 2 weeks after surgery.Discussion. PD patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery are at increased risk of complications. While the benefits of laparoscopic surgery in the standard surgical population are well established, there is limited experience of the technique in PD patients. Possible advantages could theoretically be early resumption of PD as well as less PD failure due to the formation of adhesions.Conclusion.Our experience with this case indicates that laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in a background of PD can be undertaken without removal of the PD catheter and is associated with early resumption of PD.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Studies on Some New Copper(II) Complexes Containing 2-{[(Z)-Phenyl (Pyridine-2-yl) Methylidene] Amino}Benzenethiol and Monodentate Ligands
Authors: Rawat S. P. , Choudhary M.
Published: July 2014

Five new mononuclear copper(II) complexes, namely, [Cu(L)(ImH)]·ClO41; [Cu(L)(Me-ImH)]·ClO42; [Cu(L)(Et-ImH)]·ClO43; [Cu(L)(2-benz-ImH)]·ClO44; [Cu(L)(benz-ImH)]·ClO45, where HL = 2-{[(Z)-phenyl (pyridine-2-yl) methylidene] amino} benzenethiol; ImH = Imidazole; Me-ImH = Methy-limidazole; Et-ImH = Ethyl-imidazole; 2-benz-ImH = 2-methyl-benzimidazole; benz-ImH = benz-imidazole, have been synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Magnetic moments, electronic spectra, and EPR spectra of the complexes suggested a square planar geometry around Cu(II) ion. The synthesized HL ligand behaves as monobasic tridentate Schiff base bound with the metal ion in a tridentate manner, with N2S donor sites of the pyridine-N, azomethine-N, and benzenethiol-S atoms. The redox behaviour of the copper complexes has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Superoxide dismutase activity of these complexes has been revealed to catalyse the dismutation of superoxide (O2-) and IC50 values were evaluated and discussed.
Thermal Effect on Vibration of Tapered Rectangular Plate
Authors: Khanna Anupam , Singhal Ashish
Published: July 2014

A mathematical model is constructed to help the engineers in designing various mechanical structures mostly used in satellite and aeronautical engineering. In the present model, vibration of rectangular plate with nonuniform thickness is discussed. Temperature variations are considered biparabolic, that is, parabolic in x-direction and parabolic in y-direction. The fourth-order differential equation of the motion is solved by Rayleigh Ritz method for three different boundary conditions around the boundary of plate. Numerical values of frequencies for the first two modes of vibration are presented in tabular form for different values of thermal gradient, taper constants, and aspect ratio.
Computer-Based Diagnostic Expert Systems in Rheumatology: Where Do We Stand in 2014?
Authors: Alder Hannes , Michel Beat A. , Marx Christian , Tamborrini Giorgio , Langenegger Thomas , Bruehlmann Pius , Steurer Johann , Wildi Lukas M.
Published: July 2014

Background. The early detection of rheumatic diseases and the treatment to target have become of utmost importance to control the disease and improve its prognosis. However, establishing a diagnosis in early stages is challenging as many diseases initially present with similar symptoms and signs. Expert systems are computer programs designed to support the human decision making and have been developed in almost every field of medicine.Methods. This review focuses on the developments in the field of rheumatology to give a comprehensive insight. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched.Results. Reports of 25 expert systems with different design and field of application were found. The performance of 19 of the identified expert systems was evaluated. The proportion of correctly diagnosed cases was between 43.1 and 99.9%. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 62 to 100 and 88 to 98%, respectively.Conclusions. Promising diagnostic expert systems with moderate to excellent performance were identified. The validation process was in general underappreciated. None of the systems, however, seemed to have succeeded in daily practice. This review identifies optimal characteristics to increase the survival rate of expert systems and may serve as valuable information for future developments in the field.
The Exaltation of Seth and Nazirite Asceticism in the Cave of Treasures
Authors: Scully Jason
Published: July 2014

This article argues that the Cave of Treasures mixes Jewish themes concerning the exaltation of Seth with ascetical themes found in Syrian Christian writings about Nazirite purity. The Cave of Treasure’s emphasis on Seth’s priestly duty and sexual purity echoes Syriac Christian authors, like Ephrem and Aphrahat, who also describe Seth in terms of Nazirite purity. Since the East-Syriac recension of the text contains explicit Nazirite influences that are absent from the original pre-fourth-century West-Syriac recension, an East-Syrian scholar probably revised the composition sometime between the fifth- through seventh-centuries. The later redactor took the text’s original emphasis on purity and interpreted this purity according to the East Syriac model of Nazirite asceticism that was common among other seventh-century East-Syriac authors, like Dadisho and Isaac of Nineveh.
Orographic Wave Drag over the Southern Ocean: A Linear Theory Perspective
Authors: Jiang Qingfang , Reinecke Alex , Doyle James D.
Published: July 2014

Recent studies suggest that stratospheric wind biases in global and climate models in the Southern Hemisphere may result from insufficient orographic wave drag, particularly over the Southern Ocean in the latitude belt centered near 60°S. In this study, contributions to the stratospheric wave drag along 60°S from three neighboring orographic wave sources are evaluated using a multiple-layer linear wave model with large-scale wind and stratification profiles derived from the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) between the years 1991 and 2010. The orographic wave sources include the Patagonian peaks in the southern Andes, the Antarctic Peninsula, and the island of South Georgia. The climatological and dynamical aspects of the wave drag and its dependence on tropospheric winds are investigated.

The results suggest that these orographic wave sources may have significant contributions to the stratospheric drag over the Southern Ocean through meridional spreading of the wave momentum flux aloft associated with three-dimensional wave propagation. Among the three locations considered, the wave drag from the Antarctic Peninsula is substantially larger than that from Patagonia and nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that from South Georgia island. The orographic wave drag is in general proportional to the westerly component of the surface winds and becomes virtually zero when the surface winds have an easterly component, associated with critical level absorption between the tropospheric easterlies and prevailing westerlies in the stratosphere. The derived wave drag exhibits substantial temporal variations, including synoptic-scale, month-to-month, and interannual variations.
“I Don’t Think I Would Have Recovered”
Authors: Marcellino William M. , Tortorello Frank
Published: July 2014

Ethnographic research among US Marines shows resilience is in their practices, not biology. Empirical evidence supports our claim that a personal-social understanding of resilience has superior explanatory power and plausibility over mechanistic and reductive frameworks that treat resilience as automated functions of human biopsychological systems. Marines dynamically pursue their values in context, and this resilience can only be defined in local, variable context, not globally and generally. USMC resilience training should focus on skills and concepts needed to resolve challenges to values in the lives of Marines. Technical-medical interventions should be reserved for clinical populations.
A prerequisite to L1 homophone effects in L2 spoken-word recognition
Authors: Nakai Satsuki , Lindsay Shane , Ota Mitsuhiko
Published: July 2014

When both members of a phonemic contrast in L2 (second language) are perceptually mapped to a single phoneme in one’s L1 (first language), L2 words containing a member of that contrast can spuriously activate L2 words in spoken-word recognition. For example, upon hearing cattle, Dutch speakers of English are reported to experience activation of kettle, as L1 Dutch speakers perceptually map the vowel in the two English words to a single vowel phoneme in their L1. In an auditory word-learning experiment using Greek and Japanese speakers of English, we asked whether such cross-lexical activation in L2 spoken-word recognition necessarily involves inaccurate perception by the L2 listeners, or can also arise from interference from L1 phonology at an abstract level, independent of the listeners’ phonetic processing abilities. Results suggest that spurious activation of L2 words containing L2-specific contrasts in spoken-word recognition is contingent on the L2 listeners’ inadequate phonetic processing abilities.
Nickel and blood counts in workers exposed to urban stressors
Authors: Rosati Maria Valeria , Casale Teodorico , Ciarrocca Manuela , Weiderpass Elisabete , Capozzella Assunta , Schifano Maria Pia , Tomei Francesco , Nieto Hector Alberto , Marrocco Mariasilvia , Tomei Gianfranco , Caciari Tiziana , Sancini Angela
Published: July 2014

Nickel (Ni) and Ni compounds are widely present in the urban air. The purpose of this study is to estimate exposure of individuals to Ni and the correlation between this exposure and the values of blood counts in outdoor workers. This study focused on a sample of 101 outdoor workers (55 male and 46 female; 65 nonsmokers and 36 smokers), all employed in the municipal police in a large Italian city. The personal levels of exposure to Ni were assessed through (a) environmental monitoring of Ni present in the urban air obtained from individual samples and (b) biological monitoring of urinary and blood Ni. The blood count parameters were obtained from the hemochromocytometric tests. Pearson correlation coefficients ( r) were calculated to assess the association between the blood and urinary Ni and the complete blood count. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations between the complete blood count and the independent variables (age, gender, years of work for current tasks, cigarette smoking habit (current and never smoker), values of airborne Ni, and blood and urinary Ni). Multiple linear regression analysis performed on the total group of 101 subjects confirms the association among the red blood cells count, the hematocrit, and the urinary Ni ( R2 = 0.520, p = 0.025 and R2 = 0.530, p = 0.030). These results should lead to further studies on the effects of Ni in working populations exposed to urban pollutants. The possibility that the associations found in our study may be partially explained by other urban pollutants (such as benzene, toluene, and other heavy metals) not taken into consideration in this study cannot be ruled out.
A return to prioritizing needs: Adaptation or mitigation alternatives?
Authors: Al-Amin Abul Quasem , Filho Walter Leal
Published: July 2014

This study empirically explores climate change-related impacts on rice farming by using global circulation models together with crop modelling. The approach uses a bottom-up strategy which focuses on agricultural production loss under various climatic conditions following observational records of precipitation and warming climatic factors up to the year 2090. The study provides a wide range of potential climate outcomes and assesses the comparative advantages of both mitigation and adaptation alternatives concerning prioritizing requirements to reduce scenario vulnerabilities in rice agriculture. Utilizing scenario vulnerabilities, this study visualizes alternative guidelines and some of the potential paths policymakers could take with their planning strategies. The issue considered in the present study could be used as a reference for developing climate change and global warming-related agricultural policies in Malaysia and other places with similar ecological conditions.
Endovascular treatment of a small infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm causing duodenal obstruction: Case report and literature review
Authors: Esposito Andrea , Menna Danilo , Mansour Wassim , Sirignano Pasqualino , Capoccia Laura , Speziale Francesco
Published: July 2014

Duodenal obstruction caused by abdominal aortic aneurysm was first described by Osler in 1905 and is named “aortoduodenal syndrome.” This condition has always been treated by open surgical repair. We report the first case of aortoduodenal syndrome successfully treated by endovascular aneurysm repair. A 74-year-old male patient referred to our hospital complaining postprandial vomit, reporting a consistent weight loss in the latest weeks. Enhanced computed tomography scans showed a small saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm compressing duodenum and inferior vena cava without any other evident pathological finding. As the patient underwent a successful endovascular treatment of the abdominal aortic aneurysm, symptoms immediately resolved so that he started back to feed and progressively gained body weight. Despite aortoduodenal syndrome is generally caused by large abdominal aortic aneurysm, this condition has to be suspected also in case of small abdominal aortic aneurysm. Differently from what has been reported in literature, endovascular aneurysm repair could be effective in the treatment of aortoduodenal syndrome.
Patient attitudes regarding the role of the pharmacist and interest in expanded pharmacist services
Authors: Kelly Deborah V. , Young Stephanie , Phillips Leslie , Clark Deidre
Published: July 2014

Background:

Pharmacists are consistently ranked among the most trusted professionals, and research shows high levels of satisfaction with pharmacist services. Studies have also shown that the public is generally unaware of the full range of roles and responsibilities of a pharmacist. The purpose of this study was to explore the public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the role of the community pharmacist and to determine their likelihood of using expanded pharmacist services.

Methods:

Adults across Newfoundland and Labrador were surveyed by telephone. Survey questions addressed how frequently participants visited the pharmacy, understanding of duties undertaken by pharmacists, perceptions and attitudes regarding pharmacists as health care professionals, likelihood of using expanded pharmacist services and participant demographics. Comparisons were made between responses from urban and rural participants and frequent versus nonfrequent pharmacy users, to determine if there were any differences.

Results:

The majority of participants were generally aware of what pharmacists do when filling prescriptions; those who visited the pharmacy more frequently appeared to be more informed. Participants indicated they would take advantage of the expanded services suggested, with greatest interest in receiving advice for minor ailment management and prescription refills from pharmacists. Results support the prevailing view that pharmacists are trusted health professionals who should have access to patients’ health information to provide best care.

Conclusion:

The public is aware of aspects of the pharmacist’s role, but opportunities exist to better educate the public on the knowledge, skills and unique professional abilities of pharmacists to support uptake of expanded pharmacist services.
Mapping and modernizing the Indian Ocean Rim: Communication technologies under colonial Britain
Authors: Sosale Sujatha
Published: July 2014

This article traces some political and economic questions and challenges faced by colonial Britain in networking the Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) through the telegraph and wireless technologies. In the process, the article demonstrates that communication media contributed to the definition of the IOR as a geographical entity, much of which constitutes the global South today. The study concludes with a note on the legacies of media modernization inherited by these societies following independence as, ironically, an apparatus constructed to network and connect the region became fragmented as properties of postcolonial nations, used in the service of independent nation-building and national development. Now that these countries have come together in the recent Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation, implications for a networked region remain to be seen.
Vasectomy and Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Siddiqui Mohummad Minhaj , Wilson Kathryn M. , Epstein Mara M. , Rider Jennifer R. , Martin Neil E. , Stampfer Meir J. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Mucci Lorelei A.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

Conflicting reports remain regarding the association between vasectomy, a common form of male contraception in the United States, and prostate cancer risk. We examined prospectively this association with extended follow-up and an emphasis on advanced and lethal disease.

Patients and Methods

Among 49,405 US men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, age 40 to 75 years at baseline in 1986, 6,023 patients with prostate cancer were diagnosed during the follow-up to 2010, including 811 lethal cases. In total, 12,321 men (25%) had vasectomies. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs of total, advanced, high-grade, and lethal disease, with adjustment for a variety of possible confounders.

Results

Vasectomy was associated with a small increased risk of prostate cancer overall (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.17). Risk was elevated for high-grade (Gleason score 8 to 10; RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.45) and lethal disease (death or distant metastasis; RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.43). Among a subcohort of men receiving regular prostate-specific antigen screening, the association with lethal cancer was stronger (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.36). Vasectomy was not associated with the risk of low-grade or localized disease. Additional analyses suggested that the associations were not driven by differences in sex hormone levels, sexually transmitted infections, or cancer treatment.

Conclusion

Our data support the hypothesis that vasectomy is associated with a modest increased incidence of lethal prostate cancer. The results do not appear to be due to detection bias, and confounding by infections or cancer treatment is unlikely.
Analysis of β-Cell Death in Type 1 Diabetes by Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Usmani-Brown Sahar , Lebastchi Jasmin , Steck Andrea K. , Beam Craig , Herold Kevan C. , Ledizet Michel
Published: July 2014

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other forms of diabetes are due to the killing of β-cells. However, the loss of β-cells has only been assessed by functional studies with a liquid meal or glucose that can be affected by environmental factors. As an indirect measure of β-cell death, we developed an assay using a novel droplet digital PCR that detects INS DNA derived from β-cells. The release of INS DNA with epigenetic modifications (unmethylated CpG) identifies the β-cellular source of the DNA. The assay can detect unmethylated DNA between a range of approximately 600 copies/μL and 0.7 copies/μL, with a regression coefficient for the log transformed copy number of 0.99. The assay was specific for unmethylated INS DNA in mixtures with methylated INS DNA. We analyzed the levels of unmethylated INS DNA in patients with recent onset T1D and normoglycemia subjects at high risk for disease and found increased levels of unmethylated INS DNA compared with nondiabetic control subjects (P < .0001). More than one-third of T1D patients and one-half of at-risk subjects had levels that were more than 2 SD than the mean of nondiabetic control subjects. We conclude that droplet digital PCR is a useful method to detect β-cell death and is more specific and feasible than other methods, such as nested real-time PCR. This new method may be a valuable tool for analyzing pathogenic mechanisms and the effects of treatments in all forms of diabetes.
Οικιστικές θέσεις στην Βυζαντινή Ήπειρο από τον 7° έως τον 12° αιώνα
Authors: Βεΐκου Μυρτώ
Published: July 2014

Η Ήπειρος (περιοχή που αντιστοιχεί στη σημερινή βορειοδυτική Ελλάδα και νότια Αλβανία) υπήρξε σημαντική επαρχία του βυζαντινού κράτους, που βρισκόταν στις πύλες του προς την Δύση. Κύριος στόχος αυτής της εργασίας ήταν η διερεύνηση της κατοίκησης του νότιου τμήματος αυτής της επαρχίας (που σήμερα ανήκει στους Νομούς Αιτωλοακαρνανίας, Λευκάδας, Πρέβεζας και Άρτας) και των τρόπων που αυτή μετασχηματίστηκε κατά την διάρκεια των έξι αιώνων οι οποίοι συχνά χαρακτηρίζονται στις βυζαντινές σπουδές ως «μεσοβυζαντινοί». Δευτερεύοντες στόχοι υπήρξαν: 1) η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που συνετέλεσαν στον μετασχηματισμό της κατοίκησης, όπως αυτοί διαφαίνονται στη μακρά διάρκεια και 2) η ερμηνεία του μετασχηματισμού αυτού σε συνάφεια με τον ιστορικό χρόνο. Η θεωρητική προσέγγιση της μελέτης εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο της μετανεωτερικής σκέψης, όπως αυτή εκφράστηκε στις ιστορικές σπουδές μέσω της μεταδιαδικαστικής αρχαιολογίας, της μετανεωτερικής ιστοριογραφίας και του ιστορικού κριτικισμού. Για την εκπόνηση της έρευνας επιλέχθηκε η χρήση μεθόδων της βυζαντινής αρχαιολογίας, ιστορίας, ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και ιστορικής τοπογραφίας. Το υλικό στο οποίο βασίστηκε η μελέτη ήταν: 1) η σχετική με το θέμα ιστορική μαρτυρία, 2) αρχαιολογική μαρτυρία δημοσιευμένη έως και το έτος 2006 και 3) πρωτότυπο αρχαιολογικό υλικό που περισυλλέχθηκε μέσω γενικής επιφανειακής έρευνας η οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε από την συγγραφέα στην προαναφερθείσα περιοχή από το 2000 έως το 2005. Το αρχαιολογικό υλικό που εξετάστηκε και χρονολογήθηκε από τον 7° έως τον 12° αιώνα συνίσταται σε αρχιτεκτονικά κατάλοιπα, κεραμική, έργα μεταλλοτεχνίας και υαλουργίας, γλυπτά, σφραγίδες, νομίσματα και επιγραφές. Ο μεγάλος αριθμός και η πλούσια μαρτυρία του υλικού αυτού επιβεβαιώνει προκαταρκτικά την χρήση του χώρου και την εκτεταμένη κατοίκηση του κατά την συγκεκριμένη χρονική περίοδο. Ο συνδυασμός αρχαιολογικής και ιστορικής μαρτυρίας υποδεικνύει ότι οχυρωμένες και ανοχύρωτες οικιστικές θέσεις αναπτύχθηκαν σε σχέση με τους χερσαίους και υδάτινους δρόμους που ήταν σε χρήση. Οι οχυρωμένες θέσεις παρουσιάζουν σημαντική ομοιομορφία ως προς τα γεωγραφικά τους χαρακτηριστικά · αυτή ερμηνεύτηκε στο πλαίσιο της ιστορικότητας του χώρου και επιβεβαιώθηκε από ιστορικές πηγές της εποχής. Τέλος, σχολιάστηκαν διάφορα ζητήματα (μορφής, οργάνωσης κ.ά.) σχετικά με τους μεσοβυζαντινούς οικισμούς με αντιπαραβολή της σχετικής αρχαιολογικής ορολογίας.
Η διαγνωστική αξία της τροπονίνης cTnI στη μεταθανάτια διάγνωση του εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου
Authors: Σαπουνά Ραλλίτσα
Published: July 2014

Το οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου αποτελεί μία από τις συχνότερες αιτίες θανάτου σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. Ορίζεται ως νέκρωση τμήματος του μυοκαρδίου λόγω μείωσης ή διακοπής της αιμάτωσής του. Η πλειοψηφία των οξέων εμφραγμάτων του μυοκαρδίου οφείλεται στη στεφανιαία νόσο ή σε επιπλοκές της αθηρωμάτωσης.Στην ιατροδικαστική επιστήμη, πλην της μακροσκοπικής και της ιστοπαθολογικής μελέτης, καθίσταται αναγκαία η αξιολόγηση καρδιακών βιοχημικών δεικτών, προκειμένου να εδραιωθεί και να γίνει πιο συγκεκριμένη η χρησιμότητά τους στη μεταθανάτια διάγνωση του οξέος εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου. Συγκεκριμένα, η καρδιακή τροπονίνη Ι αποτελεί ευαίσθητο δείκτη μυοκαρδιακής βλάβης, διότι: προσεγγίζει το περικαρδιακό υγρό μέσω παθητικής διήθησης και γι’αυτό ανιχνεύεται γρηγορότερα σε αυτό απ’ ότι στον ορό και τα επίπεδα παραμένουν υψηλά για 6 ημέρες μετά την έναρξη της κλινικής συμπτωματολογίας του οξέος εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου.Η παρούσα μελέτη αποσκοπεί στη σύγκριση των επιπέδων της μεταθανάτιας συγκέντρωσης της cTnI στο περικαρδιακό υγρό μεταξύ περιστατικών οφειλομένων σε διάφορα αίτια θανάτου και συγκεκριμένα ανάμεσα σε οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου, πνιγμό, θάνατους σχετιζόμενους με παθήσεις των πνευμόνων και άλλα αίτια θανάτου, πλην των προαναφερθέντων.Το δείγμα της μελέτης αποτέλεσαν περιστατικά, τα οποία υπεβλήθησαν σε νεκροψία–νεκροτομή στο Εργαστήριο Ιατροδικαστικής και Τοξικολογίας της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Για κάθε περιστατικό έγινε καταγραφή του φύλου, της ηλικίας, του χρόνου που μεσολάβησε από το θάνατο έως τη διενέργεια της νεκροψίας-νεκροτομής και με ανοσοενζυμική μέθοδο (ELISA) προσδιορίστηκαν τα επίπεδα της τροπονίνης στο περικαρδιακό υγρό. Η στατιστική ανάλυση έγινε με το στατιστικό πρόγραμμα SPSS 11.0. Διαπιστώθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά των μέσων τιμών της cTnI μεταξύ της ομάδας με αιτία θανάτου το οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου και των υπολοίπων ομάδων. Δεν διαπιστώθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ των μέσων τιμών της cTnI και του φύλου. Επίσης, δεν υπήρξαν στατιστικά σημαντικά ευρήματα μεταξύ των μέσων τιμών της cTnI και του χρόνου που μεσολάβησε από το θάνατο έως τη διενέργεια της νεκροψίας–νεκροτομής. Τέλος, η μεγαλύτερη μέση τιμή της cTnI παρατηρήθηκε στην ηλικιακή ομάδα 55-74 ετών. Για τις ηλικίες άνω των 75 ετών, η μέση τιμή της προαναφερθείσας παρουσιάζει σχετική μείωση αλλά δε φθάνει στα επίπεδα της ηλικιακής ομάδας 13-54 ετών.Συμπερασματικά, η cTnI αποτελεί σημαντικό καρδιακό βιοχημικό δείκτη στη μεταθανάτια διάγνωση του οξέος εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου και πρέπει να χρησιμοποιείται επικουρικά της μακροσκοπικής και ιστοπαθολογικής εξέτασης.
Προβλήματα ροής Stokes με εφαρμογές στην αιμοδυναμική
Authors: Πρωτοπαπάς Ελευθέριος
Published: July 2014

Στοχεύοντας στην καλύτερη κατανόηση της μικρορεολογικής συμπεριφοράς του ανθρώπινου αίματος, παρουσιάζεται μια λεπτομερής μαθηματική ανάλυση δύο προβλημάτων έρπουσας ροής για τη σχετική κίνηση ενός συμπαγούς αντίστροφου επιμήκους σφαιροειδούς σε ιξώδες ρευστό. Στο πρώτο πρόβλημα μελετήθηκε η ροή του πλάσματος του αίματος γύρω από το ερυθρό αιμοσφαίριο, η οποία μοντελοποιήθηκε σαν ροή Stokes γύρω από ένα αντίστροφο επίμηκες σφαιροειδές. Επιπλέον, υποτέθηκε συνθήκη μη ολίσθησης, αδιαπερατότητα του ερυθρού αιμοσφαιρίου και ότι το ρευστό εκτείνεται μέχρι το άπειρο. Εκφράστηκε το πρόβλημα στο τροποποιημένο αντίστροφο επίμηκες σφαιροειδές σύστημα συντεταγμένων και χρησιμοποιήθηκε η αντιστροφή Kelvin για να μετασχηματιστεί το πρόβλημα σε ένα ισοδύναμό του, που εκφράζει τη ροή στο εσωτερικό ενός επιμήκους σφαιροειδούς. Η μέθοδος του ημιχωρισμού των μεταβλητών, συνθήκες ορθογωνιότητας και αναγωγή της λύσης μας στην αντίστοιχη του σφαιρικού συστήματος συντεταγμένων ήταν τα εργαλεία που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για να βρεθεί η συνάρτηση ροής στο εσωτερικό του επιμήκους σφαιροειδούς. Η αντιστροφή του θεμελιώδους χωρίου με τη χρήση του μετασχηματισμού Kelvin δίνει τη ζητούμενη συνάρτηση ροής που εκφράζει τη ροή γύρω από το ερυθρό αιμοσφαίριο. Η ζητούμενη συνάρτηση ροής εκφράζεται με τη βοήθεια μιας σειράς με όρους συναρτήσεις Gegenbauer. Εμπλέκοντας τη λύση αυτή, υπολογίστηκε η συνάρτηση ροής που εκφράζει τη μεταφορά του ερυθρού αιμοσφαιρίου μέσα στο πλάσμα, αφαιρώντας το κομμάτι της λύσης που εκφράζει τη ροή στο άπειρο. Επίσης, αυτά τα δύο μοντέλα/προβλήματα δίνουν μια νέα οπτική στη θεωρητική διερεύνηση της ροϊκής συμπεριφοράς των ερυθροκυττάρων, αφού βρέθηκαν αναλυτικές λύσεις, όταν (και στο επίπεδο που γνωρίζουμε) μόνο αριθμητικές μελέτες υπάρχουν στη βιβλιογραφία. Οι αναλυτικές λύσεις μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την επιβεβαίωση των αριθμητικών μεθόδων και των αποτελεσμάτων που υπάρχουν. Επιπλέον, αυτά τα μοντέλα μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν σε ιατρικά τεστ, όπως είναι η καθίζηση των ερυθρών αιμοσφαιρίων, αλλά και για τη μοντελοποίηση διαδικασιών που αφορούν φαινόμενα μεταφοράς στο αίμα που εμπλέκουν το ερυθρό αιμοσφαίριο. Τέλος, παρουσιάστηκε εδώ για πρώτη φορά η ιδέα του R-ημιχωρισμού των μεταβλητών, οι ιδιοσυναρτήσεις και οι γενικευμένες ιδιοσυναρτήσεις του τελεστή Stokes στο τροποποιημένο αντίστροφο επίμηκες σφαιροειδές σύστημα συντεταγμένων. Αποδείχθηκε ότι η εξίσωση 2 E' ψ = 0 στο τροποποιημένο αντίστροφο επίμηκες σφαιροειδές σύστημα συντεταγμένων R-χωρίζει μεταβλητές και υπολογίστηκαν οι ιδιοσυναρτήσεις (i) Θ'n για i = 1, 2, 3, 4 και n ∈ N του τελεστή Stokes. Επίσης, αποδείχθηκε ότι η εξίσωση 4 E' ψ = 0 στο τροποποιημένο επίμηκες σφαιροειδές σύστημα συντεταγμένων R-ημιχωρίζει μεταβλητές και παρουσιάσθηκε μια μέθοδος για την εύρεση των γενικευμένων ιδιοσυναρτήσεων (i) 'n για i = 1, 2, 3, 4 και n ≥4 του τελεστή Stokes, αφού μια κλειστή μορφή τους δεν μπορεί να βρεθεί.
Teaching Techniques for «Safety in Technosphere» («Critical Incidents Response» Major) at the Department of Ecology and Industrial Safety, Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Authors: Калайдов  , Kalaydov A. , Сущев  , Sushchev Sergey , Александров  , Aleksandrov Anatoliy , Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir , Копытов  , Kopytov D.
Published: July 2014

The paper analyzes teaching techniques applied by the Department of Ecology and Industrial Safety of Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU) for students of «Safety in Technosphere» («Critical Incidents Response» major). Technique is based on contemporary computer technology and the developed complex of teaching programs.
Arquisur Revista N° 3
Authors: Revista ARUISUR
Published: July 2014

Arquisur Revista N° 3
La Configuración del Patrón de Especialización Exportadora de Argentina en el Período 1975-2006: El Impacto de los Cambios Estructurales, la Inversión Extrajera Directa y el Desarrollo de Capacidades Tecnológicas
Authors: Barletta María Florencia
Published: July 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar la configuración del actual patrón de especialización exportadora argentino, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología de la investigación documental de bibliografía especializada. Los resultados de la investigación indican que el patrón de especialización exportadora de la Argentina está en gran medida orientado hacia los commodities y las manufacturas de origen agropecuario con escaso valor agregado. Argentina no ha logrado alcanzar ventajas competitivas dinámicas a través de una inserción internacional basada en productos intensivos en conocimiento y tecnología (de media y alta tecnología), y la configuración de este patrón tiene que ver con una serie de factores históricos relacionados con las condiciones micro y macroeconómicas, cuestiones políticas, institucionales, contextos internacionales, entre otros.
Alfabetización Estadística en los Centros de Formación Docente. Una Experiencia Realizada en la Cátedra de Matemática y su Enseñanza en el Profesorado de Educación Inicial
Authors: Cabrera Gabriela Pilar
Published: July 2014

Se presenta una propuesta didáctica para abordar la alfabetización estadística en los centros de formación docente. Esta experiencia se desarrolla en los IFD: “Instituto Nuestra Madre de Merced” de Córdoba Capital y “Adoratrices” de Villa del Rosario, en la cátedra de Matemática y su Enseñanza I del profesorado en Educación Inicial, durante el año 2007. Se parte de la idea de que se hace imprescindible que las alumnas, futuras docentes, funden sus aprendizajes desde una construcción significativa para que puedan constituirse en los principales agentes de una alfabetización estadística y probabilista, tan necesarias en la sociedad de la información, que tienen como protagonistas a los niños; quienes deberán estar preparados para la toma de decisiones en un marco de incertidumbre, más que en ningún otro momento en la historia de la humanidad. El marco teórico en el cual se inscribe la experiencia se sustenta en la integración de los aportes de los siguientes autores: G. Brousseau, R. Douady, U.D´Ambrosio, B. D´Amore, C. Batanero, J. Godino, C. J. Wild y M. Pfannkuch, W. Kilpatrick, A.Sosa y G. Cabrera). En la primera de las macrosituaciones presentadas, las alumnas llevan a cabo el proceso estadístico que implica “Estudiar el nivel de conocimiento de las maestras a cargo de las salas de 4 y 5 años de los Jardines de Infantes observados en la materia de Práctica Docente I, acerca de la enseñanza del número, la numeración y las operaciones en edades tempranas”, simulándose una situación de consultoría estadística. En la segunda macrosituación, se abordan técnicas de conteo en un marco de contextualización apropiado, promoviendo la meta-congnición de manera que se reflexione sobre las dificultades que supone el aprendizaje de estas técnicas y la relación con los conocimientos previos, promoviéndose una mirada crítico-reflexiva que replantea el modo de enseñar.
Analysing impacts of the economic crisis on the pre–start ups process of business students in Germany.
Authors: Ruda Walter , Martin Thomas , Ascua Rubén , Danko Benjamin
Published: July 2014

The article is part of the empirical research project “Starting up Businesses and Entrepreneurship by Students” (GESt–study) and analyzes potential impacts of the economic crisis on the pre–start–up process of business students surveyed before and during the downturn at four German universities (of applied sciences), what supports the advancement of entrepreneurship education and support within two different macroeconomic contexts. Though in Germany recessions typically animate more persons to self–employment, these business start–ups are mostly based on necessity–driven entrepreneurship. But particularly opportunity entrepreneurship has positive effects on economic growth and employment. Whereas no significant differences can be detected regarding their start–up propensities, the economic crisis indeed has heightened the intended start–up time as well as the necessity–driven start–up motivation of the surveyed business students, but not their start–up motivation from economic self–realization. Therefore, self–employment as vocational alternative has to be highlighted stronger and entrepreneurial basic knowledge has to be taught adequately to the students so that they are able to mature as potential entrepreneurs at their universities – the location where specialized knowledge about their subsequent professionalism is imparted – what facilitates them to generate future innovations accompanied by enduring and high–skilled employment.
Consideraciones sobre el Tratamiento del Modo Subjuntivo en la Gramática de la Lengua Castellana de Andrés Bello
Authors: Fernández Daniel
Published: July 2014

Existen estudios que dan cuenta de una tendencia minimalista en algunas de las descripciones estructurales que desarrolla Andrés Bello en su Gramática de la Lengua Castellana (GLC),(Luján 1999, 2000, 2001). Este trabajo informa sobre los resultados obtenidos del análisis del tratamiento que el gramático hace del Modo Subjuntivo en su obra de 1847 con el fin de ver si el perfil minimalista del que habla Luján puede extenderse a otras áreas de su gramática. Concluimos que dada la heterogeneidad de criterios utilizados por Andrés Bello en la descripción de la forma estudiada, resulta dificil definir cuál es el elemento que funciona como núcreo proposicional. En el desarrollo que el gramático realiza, indiscutiblemente lo semántico opera conjuntamente con lo sintáctico y por momentos, parece adquirir más relevancia el tema del significado que el de la forma.
¿Ajustar o No Ajustar? Un Modelo para la Medición de la Significatividad de las Distorsiones Provocadas por los Cambios en el Nivel General de Precios sobre la Información Contable
Authors: Di Russo Leila , Perticarari Néstor , Hauque Sergio
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo profundiza una línea de análisis iniciada en 2003 por algunos de los autores. Nos internamos aquí en los efectos sobre la información contable, y consecuentemente sobre las decisiones que ésta determina, que producen los cambios en los niveles generales de precios absolutos. Formulamos modelos que permiten analizar los casos tradicionales con ejercicios económicos que incluyen varios períodos mensuales, e iniciamos luego el análisis más preciso que se hace posible al trabajar con un único período mensual en el que se suponen cambios en el nivel de precios absolutos. Los modelos sirven esencialmente para determinar rápidamente la existencia de distorsiones significativas sobre la información contable en los casos en los que el profesional duda entre realizar el ajuste o no hacerlo, sobre la base del principio de productividad de la información y plantea promisorios avances de investigación para profundizar en la fijación precisa de los parámetros que determinan las distorsiones que se generan en la información contable, conforme una normativa ad-hoc que defina la obligatoriedad del ajuste integral para períodos y entes dados.
La Transmisión de Precios en la Cadena de la Carne Vacuna: una Aplicación Econométrica
Authors: Rossini Gustavo
Published: July 2014

Las transmisiones de los cambios de precios en la cadena de carne es un tema altamente controversial, donde algunos participantes, como los productores, aducen que las subas de precios se transmiten rápidamente, pero no las bajas. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar si existen asimetrías en los cambios de precios entre el sector minorista y primario de la producción, utilizando datos mensuales entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2005. Para el análisis se usó un modelo de cointegración no lineal, y los resultados encontrados revelan que los precios al consumidor ajustan más rápidamente que los precios al productor ante cambios que alteren éstos, denotando asimetrías en la transmisión de precios.
Asociativismo Privado e Información Contable. Proyecto CAI+D
Authors: Casabianca Ma. Luz
Published: July 2014

La información contable de entidades solidarias debe ser transparente y estar organizada de manera que su mera exposición ponga en evidencia tal condición. A ello se une la trascendencia de la información complementaria en los estados contables que contiene datos esenciales, donde le contenido es más importante que la forma y que puede resultar insuficiente para los asociados, terceros y organismos de control.La manipulación contable como el caso Parmalat -Italía, diciembre de 2003- o la quiebra de Enron -Estados Unidos, diciembre de 2001- alteraron la confianza en los objetivos sociales de la información contable. Conviene proteger al asociativismo, advirtiendo que se maquillan cuentas con Contabilidad Creativa sin desobedecer las disposiciones normativas, lo cual beneficia un sector en detrimento de otro.
Medición de Activos Biológicos en Marcos Conceptuales Comparados
Authors: Brozzú Beatriz , Haquín Néstor Gabriel
Published: July 2014

En este ensayo, no solamente pretendemos seguir probando que las NCP FAPCE (Argentina) son la consecuencia de un criterio absolutamente normativista y por lo tanto restrictivo y limitado, mientras que las NIIF y las FASB se fundamentan en un paradigma basado en la “utilidad para el decisor”, o sea en las necesidades del usuario de la información. Lo que también concluiremos es que esta esencial diferencia es la causa por la cual el amplio criterio aplicado por la NIIF 41 –Activos biológicos– y la armoniosa coherencia con su Marco Conceptual, le permiten al Sistema de Información Contable lograr su principal objetivo, cual es mostrar “valor real” para todos los Activos. Por el contrario, y para que las NCP FACPCE argentinas puedan ser realmente un sistema de información útil, y en el caso especifico de la RT22 FAPCE –Activos biológicos–, ésta debe apartarse de su Marco conceptual para poder valuar los Activos Biológicos destinados a ser utilizados en el proceso productivo a un valor corriente (considerado razonablemente representativo de su valor real) puesto que de respetar el Marco Conceptual debería valuarlos a valor histórico.
La Construcción del Sentido de Conceptos Matemáticos desde la Modelación
Authors: Cámara Viviana , Marcipar Susana
Published: July 2014

Este informe plantea como eje de discusión la necesidad de brindar oportunidades educativasque favorezcan el desarrollo del sentido de los conceptos matemáticos, entendido éste como la capacidad de captar la noción central de los contenidos alos que alude dicha disciplina.Se utiliza conceptualmente a la modelación matemática como un subconcepto de la resoución de problemas y se la trata como herramienta didáctica y pedagógica válida para constuir el sentido de conceptos matemáticos.Se describe la planificación de las fases correspondientes al proceso de modelación aplicada al caso de la producción de carne aviar, más específicamente referido a la optimización del momento de faena de aves productoras de carne en establecimientos industriales argentinos. El problema que se formula se identifica con el modelo de crecimiento logística formulado por Verhurst en 1837, que es esencialmente el modelo de Malthus modificado.Poner el acento en la construcción del sentido de los conceptos matemáticos a través de la modelación, es asumir desde lo pedagógico una visión epistemológica de la matemática que a entiende como una ciencia en permanente construcción y qeu surge como un producto cultural y social.
Prestamista de Última Instancia y Cajas de Conversión bajo Crisis Bancarias: "Inestabilidad Endógena" en un Modelo de Equilibrios Múltiples (El Caso de Argentina a Fines de 2001)
Authors: Buchieri Flavio E.
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo intenta mostrar los ajustados límites que los arreglos de tipo Currency Board tienen a la hora de actuar como prestamista de última instancia que, en caso de producirse una corrida bancaria, puede llevar a las autoridades monetarias de un país a la difícil elección entre sostener al sistema bancario vs. el arreglo cambiario elegido, fruto del incremento en la inestabilidad del propio sistema bancario. Esta situación persiste aún en casos como el argentino donde su Caja de Conversión, instaurada en Abril de 1991, mostraba límites más flexibles que versiones más ortodoxas, dados por la propia conformación del backing de su base monetaria. La situación antes comentada permite plantear una hipótesis objeto de análisis y verificación empírica: cómo afecta al sistema financiero (esto es, el incremento en la inestabilidad del mismo) cuando se dota a la autoridad monetaria de un país de una capacidad limitada de emisión de dinero para cubrir el rol de prestamista de última instancia ante una crisis bancaria bajo un contexto de Caja de Conversión no ortodoxa.