bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boniface I, Augustine, and the Translation of Honorius to Caesarea Mauretaniae
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

Augustine’s Epistulae 23A*, 23*, and 22*, written in late 419 and early 420, present his involvement in the dispute concerning the translation of Honorius to Caesarea Mauretaniae (modern Cherchell), a city Augustine had visited in September 418 while fulfilling a commission from Zosimus of Rome. The translation of bishops from one church to another had been condemned by the 325 Council of Nicaea. The three letters are difficult to interpret because the information to his three correspondents (Possidius of Calama, Renatus, a monk of Caesarea Mauretaniae, and Alypius of Thagaste, who was in Italy at the time) seems to differ. A careful reading reveals that not only did Augustine’s knowledge of the situation change over time, but that the stress he placed on differing elements of that situation also changed depending upon the correspondent. The letters also disclose the involvement of Boniface I of Rome, Zosimus’ successor, and the complex relationship of the African churches with the bishop of Rome, especially in the matter of judicial appeal. What is suggested here is that Augustine, without saying so, seemed to be aware of the criteria Boniface had employed in another translation controversy, which was the approved translation of Perigenes as bishop of Corinth, and that, if applied to Honorius, this would lead the Roman bishop to reach a very different conclusion.
From Associational Value to Complementary Synergy
Authors: Leege David M. , Sweikar Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

Since 2000, Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and the University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame) have collaborated on joint programs while growing their institutional partnership. The relationship started with capacity strengthening of CRS peacebuilding staff and partners by Notre Dame faculty, based on common values enshrined in Catholic social teaching. Over time, the collaboration expanded as staff at each institution developed a better understanding of each other’s respective objectives, and experienced increasing mutual benefit. The partnership grew further as both institutions responded to external pressures from donors for universities and NGOs to work more closely together for greater field impact and evidence generation. Lessons learned from the partnership helped to guide both institution’s interactions with each other. From the initial task-oriented collaboration (capacity strengthening) that provided the institutions with associational value, CRS and Notre Dame gradually progressed toward deeper phases of partnership including resource transfer, interaction and achieving synergistic value.
Platão e a Arte: algumas observações sobre as origens da Teoria da Arte no ocidente em perspectiva hermenêutica
Authors: Dias Luciana da Costa
Published: February 2020

Este artigo aborda como a relação entre arte e verdade (pode a arte expressar a verdade?) é colocada pela primeira vez no mundo ocidental em Platão, com isso se esboçando o horizonte possível de desenvolvimento e interpretação da questão. Objetiva destacar sua relevância para o início da discussão teórica sobre o que é arte, sua função, conceito e como pode ser entendida. Cabe observar que esta abordagem é construída em perspectiva hermenêutico-fenomenológica, a partir do diálogo, sobretudo, com o pensamento de Martin Heidegger.
A widely distributed metalloenzyme class enables gut microbial metabolism of host- and diet-derived catechols
Authors: Maini Rekdal Vayu , Nol Bernadino Paola , Luescher Michael U , Kiamehr Sina , Le Chip , Bisanz Jordan E , Turnbaugh Peter J , Bess Elizabeth N , Balskus Emily P
Published: February 2020

Catechol dehydroxylation is a central chemical transformation in the gut microbial metabolism of plant- and host-derived small molecules. However, the molecular basis for this transformation and its distribution among gut microorganisms are poorly understood. Here, we characterize a molybdenum-dependent enzyme from the human gut bacteriumEggerthella lentathat dehydroxylates catecholamine neurotransmitters. Our findings suggest that this activity enablesE. lentato use dopamine as an electron acceptor. We also identify candidate dehydroxylases that metabolize additional host- and plant-derived catechols. These dehydroxylases belong to a distinct group of largely uncharacterized molybdenum-dependent enzymes that likely mediate primary and secondary metabolism in multiple environments. Finally, we observe catechol dehydroxylation in the gut microbiotas of diverse mammals, confirming the presence of this chemistry in habitats beyond the human gut. These results suggest that the chemical strategies that mediate metabolism and interactions in the human gut are relevant to a broad range of species and habitats.
High-dimensional analysis of intestinal immune cells during helminth infection
Authors: Ferrer-Font Laura , Mehta Palak , Harmos Phoebe , Schmidt Alfonso J , Chappell Sally , Price Kylie M , Hermans Ian F , Ronchese Franca , le Gros Graham , Mayer Johannes U
Published: February 2020

Single cell isolation from helminth-infected murine intestines has been notoriously difficult, due to the strong anti-parasite type 2 immune responses that drive mucus production, tissue remodeling and immune cell infiltration. Through the systematic optimization of a standard intestinal digestion protocol, we were able to successfully isolate millions of immune cells from the heavily infected duodenum. To validate that these cells gave an accurate representation of intestinal immune responses, we analyzed them using a high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry panel and confirmed our findings by confocal microscopy. Our cell isolation protocol and high-dimensional analysis allowed us to identify many known hallmarks of anti-parasite immune responses throughout the entire course of helminth infection and has the potential to accelerate single-cell discoveries of local helminth immune responses that have previously been unfeasible.
Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1) acts as a potential tumor suppressor and is a novel therapeutic target for non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shen Qiu , Lu Chao , Yang Hua , Ge Ming-Xia , Xia Wang-Xiao , Kong Qing-Peng , Li Gong-Hua , Gu Yan-Hong
Published: February 2020

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) represents a major public health issue due to its high incidence and mortality. As different histological subtypes of COAD are related to various survival outcomes and different therapies, finding specific targets and treatments for different subtypes is one of the major demands of individual disease therapy. Interestingly, as these different subtypes show distinct metabolic profiles, it may be possible to find specific targets related to histological typing by targeting COAD metabolism. In this study, the differential expression patterns of metabolism-related genes between COAD (n = 289) and adjacent normal tissue (n = 41) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. We then used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to further identify metabolism-related gene connections. To determine the critical genes related to COAD metabolism, we obtained 2,114 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12 modules. Among them, we found the hub module to be significantly associated with histological typing, including non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma and mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma. Combining survival analysis, we identified glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1) as the most significant gene associated with histological typing and prognosis. This gene displayed significantly lower expression in COAD compared with normal tissues and was significantly correlated with the prognosis of non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0017). Taken together, our study showed that GDE1 exhibits considerable potential as a novel therapeutic target for non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma.
Using approximate Bayesian inference for a “steps and turns” continuous-time random walk observed at regular time intervals
Authors: Ruiz-Suarez Sofia , Leos-Barajas Vianey , Alvarez-Castro Ignacio , Morales Juan Manuel
Published: February 2020

The study of animal movement is challenging because movement is a process modulated by many factors acting at different spatial and temporal scales. In order to describe and analyse animal movement, several models have been proposed which differ primarily in the temporal conceptualization, namely continuous and discrete time formulations. Naturally, animal movement occurs in continuous time but we tend to observe it at fixed time intervals. To account for the temporal mismatch between observations and movement decisions, we used a state-space model where movement decisions (steps and turns) are made in continuous time. That is, at any time there is a non-zero probability of making a change in movement direction. The movement process is then observed at regular time intervals. As the likelihood function of this state-space model turned out to be intractable yet simulating data is straightforward, we conduct inference using different variations of Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). We explore the applicability of this approach as a function of the discrepancy between the temporal scale of the observations and that of the movement process in a simulation study. Simulation results suggest that the model parameters can be recovered if the observation time scale is moderately close to the average time between changes in movement direction. Good estimates were obtained when the scale of observation was up to five times that of the scale of changes in direction. We demonstrate the application of this model to a trajectory of a sheep that was reconstructed in high resolution using information from magnetometer and GPS devices. The state-space model used here allowed us to connect the scales of the observations and movement decisions in an intuitive and easy to interpret way. Our findings underscore the idea that the time scale at which animal movement decisions are made needs to be considered when designing data collection protocols. In principle, ABC methods allow to make inferences about movement processes defined in continuous time but in terms of easily interpreted steps and turns.
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of reference genes for fruit development ofEuscaphis konishii
Authors: Yang Cheng-Long , Yuan Xue-Yan , Zhang Jie , Sun Wei-Hong , Liu Zhong-Jian , Zou Shuang-Quan
Published: February 2020

Background

Quantitativereal-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is the common method to quantify relative gene expression. Normalizating using reliable genes is critical in correctly interpreting expression data from qRT-PCR.Euscaphis konishiiis a medicinal plant with a long history in China, which has various chemical compounds in fruit. However, there is no report describing the selection of reference genes in fruit development ofEuscaphis konishii.

Methods

We selected eight candidate reference genes based on RNA-seq database analysis, and ranked expression stability using statistical algorithms GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ReFinder. Finally, The nine genes related to the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of Euscaphis konishii were used to verify the suitability of reference gene.

Results

The results showed that the stability of EkUBC23, EkCYP38 and EkGAPDH2 was better, and the low expression reference genes (EkUBC23 and EkCYP38) were favourable for quantifying low expression target genes, while the high expression reference gene (EkGAPDH2) was beneficial for quantifying high expression genes. In this study, we present the suitable reference genes for fruit development of Euscaphis konishii based on transcriptome data, our study will contribute to further studies in molecular biology and gene function onEuscaphis konishiiand other closely related species.
A Bayesian approach to construct confidence intervals for comparing the rainfall dispersion in Thailand
Authors: Maneerat Patcharee , Niwitpong Sa-aat , Niwitpong Suparat
Published: February 2020

Natural disasters such as drought and flooding are the consequence of severe rainfall fluctuation, and rainfall amount data often contain both zero and positive observations, thus making them fit a delta-lognormal distribution. By way of comparison, rainfall dispersion may not be similar in enclosed regions if the topography and the drainage basin are different, so it can be evaluated by the ratio of variances. To estimate this, credible intervals using the highest posterior density based on the normal-gamma prior (HPD-NG) and the method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER) for the ratio of delta-lognormal variances are proposed. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the performance of the proposed methods in terms of coverage probability and relative average length. The results of the study reveal that HPD-NG performed very well and was able to meet the requirements in various situations, even with a large difference between the proportions of zeros. However, MOVER is the recommended method for equal small sample sizes. Natural rainfall datasets for the northern and northeastern regions of Thailand are used to illustrate the practical use of the proposed credible intervals.
Reoperative Interval and Perioperative Mortality Risk in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ramsingh Richard , Kawalet Mariana , Insler Joshua E. , Bakhos Jules J. , Sharma Abhishek , Houghtaling Penny L. , Koprivanac Marijan , Vargo Patrick R. , Tong Michael Z. , Elgharably Haytham , Soltesz Edward G. , Smedira Nicholas G. , Roselli Eric E. , Unai Shinya , Pettersson Gösta B. , Blackstone Eugene H. , Gillinov A. Marc , Svensson Lars G. , Bakaeen Faisal G.
Published: December 2024

This research letter discusses the association between reoperative interval and perioperative mortality risk in cardiac surgery.
Learning Disabilities and the Adult Learner
Authors: Ross‐Gordon Jovita M.
Published: December 2024

Approximately one‐quarter of the adult population self‐reports having one or more disabilities. Expanding adult and continuing education access for individuals with disabilities is an important dimension of striving to make our programs more inclusive. Thus, it is crucial that adult and continuing educators have a basic understanding of the types of disability that relate most directly to adult learning. This article reviews key definitions, models of disability, and legal requirements related to adult disability. It also takes a more focused look at the literature on several types of disabilities, along with approaches that have been taken over time to develop the learning skills and strategies of individuals with these disabilities and restructure learning environments to make them more accessible. This information should be considered a starting point. Making needed changes will require continuing commitment from teachers, trainers, and program administrators.
Spatiotemporal spinal cord stimulation with real‐time triggering exoskeleton restores walking capability: a case report
Authors: Liu Penghao , Cheng Yuanchen , Xu Zhuofan , Li Xiaoyu , Chen Zan , Duan Wanru
Published: December 2024

Objective

Motor recovery is challenging for spinal cord injury (SCI), especially in low‐level SCI.

Methods

A 16‐year‐old patient with complete SCI at T12 presented flaccid paralysis and inability to control defecation and was scored as ASIA A at admission. The patient underwent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) implantation at the T11‐L1, followed by an innovative algorithm combining spatiotemporal SCS with real‐time triggered exoskeleton training (EXS‐SCS).

Results

After 1 month of treatment, she gained substantial improvement in her iliopsoas and quadriceps femoris muscle strength to grade 3–4 as well as percutaneous EMG, allowing for assisted standing and walking, and was reassessed as ASIA C.

Interpretation

This case reveals the potential of SCS‐EXS regimen in restoring walking capability of SCI patients.
Concepts for a Semantically Accessible Materials Data Space: Overview over Specific Implementations in Materials Science
Authors: Bayerlein Bernd , Waitelonis Jörg , Birkholz Henk , Jung Matthias , Schilling Markus , v. Hartrott Philipp , Bruns Marian , Schaarschmidt Jörg , Beilke Kristian , Mutz Marcel , Nebel Vincent , Königer Veit , Beran Lisa , Kraus Tobias , Vyas Akhilesh , Vogt Lars , Blum Moritz , Ell Basil , Chen Ya‐Fan , Waurischk Tina , Thomas Akhil , Durmaz Ali Riza , Ben Hassine Sahar , Fresemann Carina , Dziwis Gordian , Beygi Nasrabadi Hossein , Hanke Thomas , Telong Melissa , Pirskawetz Stephan , Kamal Mohamed , Bjarsch Thomas , Pähler Ursula , Hofmann Peter , Leemhuis Mena , Özçep Özgür L. , Meyer Lars‐Peter , Skrotzki Birgit , Neugebauer Jörg , Wenzel Wolfgang , Sack Harald , Eberl Chris , Portella Pedro Dolabella , Hickel Tilmann , Mädler Lutz , Gumbsch Peter
Published: December 2024

This article describes advancements in the ongoing digital transformation in materials science and engineering. It is driven by domain‐specific successes and the development of specialized digital data spaces. There is an evident and increasing need for standardization across various subdomains to support science data exchange across entities. The MaterialDigital Initiative, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, takes on a key role in this context, fostering collaborative efforts to establish a unified materials data space. The implementation of digital workflows and Semantic Web technologies, such as ontologies and knowledge graphs, facilitates the semantic integration of heterogeneous data and tools at multiple scales. Central to this effort is the prototyping of a knowledge graph that employs application ontologies tailored to specific data domains, thereby enhancing semantic interoperability. The collaborative approach of the Initiative's community provides significant support infrastructure for understanding and implementing standardized data structures, enhancing the efficiency of data‐driven processes in materials development and discovery. Insights and methodologies developed via the MaterialDigital Initiative emphasize the transformative potential of ontology‐based approaches in materials science, paving the way toward simplified integration into a unified, consolidated data space of high value.
Bioinspired Design of Isotropic Lattices with Tunable and Controllable Anisotropy
Authors: Boda Ramalingaiah , Panda Biranchi , Kumar Shanmugam
Published: December 2024

This study presents novel nested isotropic lattices, drawing inspiration from bio‐architectures found in cortical bone osteons, golden spirals, and fractals. These lattices provide tunable anisotropy by integrating architectural elements like “nesting orders (NOs)” and corresponding “nesting orientations (NORs),” along with repetitive self‐similar X‐cross struts and three fourfold axes of symmetry, resulting in a wide spectrum of novel lattice designs. Nine mon‐onest and 20 multinest lattices, along with 252 parametric variations, are realized. Employing finite element‐based numerical homogenization, elastic stiffness tensors are estimated to evaluate the anisotropic measure—Zener ratio and elastic modulus. The mono‐nest lattices generated considering higher NOs and respective NORs exhibit a transition from shear dominant to tensile‐compression dominant (TCD) anisotropic behavior and their strut size variations show a strong influence on performances. In contrast, multinest lattices exhibit isotropic and neo‐isotropic characteristics, with strut size mismatch exerting more influence on the Zener ratio. Increasing NOs and NORs result in isotropic or TCD behavior for most multinest lattices, with strut size mismatch leading to many isotropic lattices. These bioinspired nested lattices, coupled with advancements in additive manufacturing, hold potential for diverse applications.
Functionalized Bone Implant Inspired by Lattice Defense Strategy: Grid Management, Precise and Effective Multiple‐Prevention of Osteomyelitis Recurrence and Promote Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Hao , Sun Yani , Chen Lei , Sun Kaixin , Zhang Yuming , Hu Xiaofan , Zhao Kang , Wu Zixiang , Tang Yufei
Published: December 2024

Osteomyelitis with a high recurrence rate. Timely‐prevention can avoid severe consequence and death. However, conventional drug response‐release has the disadvantages of unnecessary release and waste, causing ineffective prevention. Inspired by “Lattice‐defense technology”, gridding lesion areas and constructing a “Triggered‐precise response‐release system” may be an effective multiple‐prevention method. Here, a new strict pH‐triggered response drug controlled‐release mechanism was proposed innovatively to construct a “Triggered‐precise response‐release system” and achieve multiple‐effective prevention. PO43−‐Ce3+ strict pH responsive release system is prepared through simultaneous hydration reaction of solution‐polymerization and compounded in bone‐implant. The dispersed system only targets micro‐interface contact areas, achieving gridded management of the lesion site. In a normal environment, Ce3+ is captured by PO43− and kept electrostatic‐attraction balance, ensuring the zero‐concentration Ce3+ release continuously. Once osteomyelitis recurs and pH decrease, H+ at the interface will combine with PO43− under electrostatic drive and disrupt potential balance, achieving the release of Ce3+ only when the infection recurs. In vivo experiments was confirmed effective prevention and excellent promote bone regeneration. The adoption of “Lattice defense technology” has achieved accuracy spatiotemporal of drug delivery. Even if other lesion sites unfortunately recur again, effective‐prevention can be guaranteed. Bone‐implant show great potential in preventing osteomyelitis.
Development of Marine‐Degradable Poly(Ester Amide)s with Strong, Up‐Scalable, and Up‐Cyclable Performance
Authors: Park Sung Bae , Kwak Hojung , Lee Dohoon , Shin Giyoung , Jang Min , Jung Hyuni , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Kim Hyo Jeong , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop X.
Published: December 2024

Biodegradable polyesters provide an attractive alternative to non‐degradable plastics but often encounter a tradeoff between biodegradability and mechanical properties because esters are rotational and lack hydrogen bonds. Conversely, natural polyamides, i.e., silk exhibit excellent mechanical strength because amides are non‐rotational and form hydrogen bonds. Unlike esters, the nitrogen in amides can enhance microbial biodegradation. However, protein engineering exhibits limited productivity, and artificial polyamides, i.e., nylon remain non‐degradable due to their hydrophobic nature. Herein, a method is proposed for developing poly(ester amide)s (PEA)s, a polyester and polyamide hybrid, to address prevailing production challenges. These materials are synthesized from upcycled monomers in a 10 L reactor and converted into films and yarns. They achieve a tensile strength of 109 MPa and tenacity of 5.0 g de−1, while withstanding ironing temperatures. They achieve a remarkable 92% marine biodegradability in 12 months, which is rarely attained by current bioplastics, and exhibit low environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. While biodegradable polyesters have remained within the performance range of commodity plastics, PEAs fall into the high‐performance category, potentially reaching markets that existing biodegradable plastics have not, such as fishing lines and clothing.
A Comprehensive Review of the Pseudo‐Two‐Dimensional (P2D) Model: Model Development, Solutions Methods, and Applications
Authors: Hussain Arif , Mao Zhiyu , Li Mei , Ahmed Moin , Xu Wenting , Zhang Jing , Chen Zhongwei
Published: December 2024

Recently, a paradigm shift toward the tremendous use of portable and mobile consumer products is observed and it consequently increases the battery demand. Currently, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are used in almost all kinds of devices, however, the increased usage of LIBs raises some safety concerns. For safe operation, it is necessary to investigate the all important chemical and physical features of LIBs. Several mathematical models are proposed such as equivalent circuit models (ECMs), physics‐based ECM and electrochemical models (EMs). Among them pseudo‐two‐dimensional (P2D) model is most famous and comprehensive physics‐based EM and used frequently to study the battery electrochemical phenomena. Hence, the focus of this review work is to summarize the reported literature on the P2D model governing laws, its simplified models, coupled models, solution techniques, parameter analysis, and its applications. The literature survey shows that the P2D and its simplified models are very helpful to analyze the important aspects of LIBs such as state of charge, state of health, recycling, battery manufacturing and design etc. Also, it can be seen that no single model can be fit to study every aspect of LIBs and design a comprehensive battery management system (BMS) but different models can be used to address the specific applications.
Sensitivity of difficult‐to‐control Palmer amaranth accessions to fluridone and diflufenican
Authors: Souza Maria C. C. R. , Woolard Matthew C. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Avent Tristen H. , Barber L. Tom , Botelho Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) has evolved resistance to herbicides targeting nine sites of action. Phytoene desaturase‐inhibiting herbicides remain among the few sites of action that are still effective in controlling Palmer amaranth. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fluridone and diflufenican in controlling difficult‐to‐control Palmer amaranth accessions collected in Arkansas from 2016 to 2022, to quantify the response of three accessions that exhibited low sensitivity to both herbicides, and to evaluate the effectiveness of photosystem II inhibitors alone and with fluridone or diflufenican on three accessions. At 14 days after a preemergence application, Palmer amaranth control with fluridone and diflufenican ranged from 42% to 100% and 33% to 99% across 23 accessions, respectively. Three accessions required 10.2 to 26.7 times more fluridone than the susceptible Palmer amaranth standard based on LD50 values (where LD50 is the lethal dose to kill 50% of the population), with less than 50% mortality achieved with a 1x herbicide rate for two of the three accessions. For diflufenican, the LD50 values for the three accessions were 3.9–18.5 times greater than the susceptible standard. An additive response for mortality and biomass reduction resulted from adding fluometuron to fluridone at all rates tested. An additive or sometimes a synergistic response occurred with the combinations of metribuzin plus diflufenican. Overall, fluridone exhibited higher efficacy than diflufenican for most accessions tested. While phytoene desaturase‐inhibiting herbicides remain an effective control option for most Palmer amaranth accessions, herbicide mixtures targeting multiple sites of action remain essential for delaying resistance and obtaining effective control of this problematic weed.
Growth mechanism and process intensification of Ni‐Al‐layered double hydroxide synthesized via coprecipitation
Authors: Li Ying‐Jiao , Chen Yong , Liu Yue , Chu Guang‐Wen , Sun Bao‐Chang , Chen Jian‐Feng
Published: December 2024

This work systematically investigated the crystallization process of NiAl‐layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH) with a Ni(II)/Al(III) ratio of 3 under different crystallization conditions. The results showed that the prepared NiAl‐LDH first exhibits sheet‐like morphology, which transforms into a hexagonal platelet with further growth. The lateral size and thickness of the prepared NiAl‐LDH are ~10–284 nm and ~2–31 nm, respectively. Based on the evolution of morphology, particle size and crystallinity, the growth mechanism of NiAl‐LDH was first proposed. The growth of NiAl‐LDH in the lateral dimension was governed by Ostwald ripening, while the increase in c direction was dominated by oriented particle attachment before precipitation and dissolution equilibrium. Afterward, the growth of NiAl‐LDH was dominated by the oriented particle attachment, leading to further growth of NiAl‐LDH. Moreover, a rotating packed bed (RPB) was first adopted to crystallize NiAl‐LDH. The results show that RPB can greatly enhance the growth of NiAl‐LDH.
Broad‐spectrum corrosion‐resistant nanofiltration membranes via reactive site‐bridged nanofibrous network
Authors: Cao Xue‐Li , Tian Tian , Bai Yong , Cui Chun , Luo Cong , Xing Jiang‐Shan , Chen Chuan‐Yu , Zhao Lili , Sun Shi‐Peng
Published: December 2024

Traditional nanofiltration membranes often struggle to maintain stability in harsh environments due to issues like swelling, chemical bond dissociation, and polymer chain creep. Fluoropolymers like poly(ethylene‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) are promising substrate candidates for broad‐spectrum corrosion‐resistant nanofiltration (CRNF) membranes, but their solvent insolubility and hydrophobicity present significant processing challenges. This study harnesses the electrospinnability and abundant reactive sites of polyvinyl alcohol to create a reactive site‐bridged nanofibrous network. This network provides reactive sites to decorate the hydrophobic ECTFE substrate and bridges the molecular selective layer through aldolization, Schiff base reactions, and esterification. The resulting robust thin‐film nanofibrous composite membranes exhibit high rejection rates for small molecular dyes under a variety of harsh conditions, including exposure to 10 wt% H2SO4, 1 M NaOH, ethanol, N,N‐dimethylformamide, N‐methylpyrrolidone, and 80°C solutions. This work paves the way for designing next‐generation broad‐spectrum CRNF membranes, enhancing their applicability in diverse harsh environments.
Momentary Associations Across Specific Affective States and Dysregulated Eating Experiences Among Children and Adolescents With Loss of Control Eating Symptoms
Authors: Christian Caroline , Bell Victoria , Thomas J. Graham , Haedt‐Matt Alissa A. , Engel Scott G. , Hart Chantelle N. , Saletin Jared M. , Goldstein Stephanie P. , Cusack Claire E. , Goldschmidt Andrea B.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Dysregulated eating is common among youth and is associated with trait‐level negative affect and emotion regulation difficulties. Despite the transient nature of affect, momentary associations among affect and eating behavior are unclear, which limits development of more impactful treatment tools, such as “just‐in‐time” intervention approaches (JITAI). The current study (N = 62) drew from two ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies involving children and adolescents who endorsed loss of control (LOC) eating symptoms during a two‐week assessment period.

Method

Intensive time series network analysis tested concurrent and prospective relationships across six specific affective states (i.e., upset, guilty, scared, tired, excited, attentive) and four eating‐related experiences (e.g., LOC, overeating, hunger, craving) in real time. Additionally, we repeated these models within demographic subgroups of the sample based on age, race, and sex.

Results

In the full‐sample models, contemporaneously assessed guilt was associated with craving and LOC eating, and tiredness was associated with LOC eating. In the prospective analysis, tiredness was negatively predicted by LOC eating and positively predicted by overeating at the previous timepoint, and attentiveness positively predicted craving. Differences in affect‐eating relationships were identified across teens and preteens as well as male and female participants.

Discussion

These results suggest that specific affective states are associated with dysregulated eating‐related experiences in real time among youth, and associations may differ depending on demographic characteristics. Findings may be used to inform the development and tailoring of momentary interventions.
Association between body mass index and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and reduced systolic function: Analysis of PARADISE‐MI trial data
Authors: Amir Offer , Elbaz‐Greener Gabby , Carasso Shemy , Claggett Brian , Barbarash Olga , Zaman Azfar , Christersson Christina , Kiatchoosakun Songsak , Anonuevo John , Opolski Grzegorz , Vaghaiwalla Mody F. , van der Meer Peter , Zhou Yinong , Mann Douglas L. , Kober Lars , Steg Gabriel , Jering Karola , Kulac Ian , De Pasquale Carmine G. , McMurray John J.V. , Pfeffer Marc A. ,   for the PARADISE‐MI Investigators and Committees
Published: December 2024

Aims

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, including acute heart failure (AHF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), remains debated. This study investigates the association between BMI and clinical outcomes within the PARADISE‐MI cohort, while also evaluating the impact of angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) versus angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE‐I) treatment on this relationship.

Methods and results

The analysis included 5589 patients from the PARADISE‐MI study with available baseline BMI data. The cohort comprised patients with AMI and pulmonary congestion and/or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%. Patients were categorized into six World Health Organization BMI subgroups. The primary outcome of interest was the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, heart failure (HF)‐associated hospitalization, and outpatient symptomatic HF episodes. The mean baseline BMI of the cohort was 28.1 ± 5.0 kg/m2. The lowest rate of the primary composite endpoint (6.2/100 patient‐years) was observed in overweight patients (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), while the highest rates were found in the lowest and highest BMI subgroups (8.4/100 patient‐years for BMI <18.5 kg/m2 and 9.7/100 patient‐years for BMI >40 kg/m2). There was no significant interaction between BMI and the treatment effect of ARNI versus ACE‐I on the primary composite outcome (p = 0.73). Additionally, no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events or serious adverse events were noted across the BMI subgroups.

Conclusions

In AMI with AHF patients, the relationship between BMI and the primary composite outcome is non‐linear, with the lowest event rates observed in overweight individuals. Outcomes and safety profiles for ARNI and ACE‐I treatments were similar across BMI subgroups.
Research Progress on Embryonic Development, Genetic Regulation and Clinical Management of Congenital Middle Ear Malformations
Authors: Gao Xiaochen , Li Chengzhilin , Yuan Fanyu , Cao Xue , Liu Chengcheng , Qi Wenwen , Xie Fengyang , Xia Ming
Published: December 2024

Congenital middle ear malformations are a common hearing defect in newborns, primarily characterised by abnormal middle ear structures, particularly underdeveloped or malformed ossicular chains, resulting in conductive hearing loss. This article provides a comprehensive review of the embryonic development process of the middle ear and the genetic regulatory mechanisms, with a focus on the Tbx1 gene, which is closely related to middle ear development. Studies have shown that the Tbx1 gene plays a crucial role in the migration of neural crest cells and the formation of middle ear structures, and its mutation or abnormal expression can lead to developmental defects of the middle ear structure. These gene mutations affect downstream signalling pathways (such as FGF8, FGF10 and BMP4), which are essential in the formation of the ossicles, ear canal and middle ear cavity. Additionally, this article discusses the aetiology of congenital middle ear malformations, associated syndromes, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Diagnostic methods for middle ear malformations include audiological examinations, imaging studies and genetic testing. Early diagnosis and intervention, such as surgical correction and the use of hearing aids, can help improve the hearing and quality of life of patients. This article aims to provide a reference and basis for further etiological research and precise treatment by elucidating the mechanisms and clinical features of middle ear malformations.
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Analysis and Its Application to Cigarette Flavouring of Methyl Cyclopentenolone Succinate Menthol Diester
Authors: Yu Zhaojin , Wang Haiyang , Li Zhuo , Yan Dingwei , Liang Kewei , Yang Xiaopeng , Qiu Jianhua , Du Fu , Ji Xiaoming
Published: December 2024

Methyl cyclopentenolone succinate menthol diester (compound 5) was synthesised from methyl cyclopentenolone, menthol and succinic anhydride using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) methods. The thermal decomposition process and kinetic behaviour of the compounds were studied at various heating rates (10°C, 20°C, 40°C, 60°C and 80°C min−1) using thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG), Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS) method, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) method and Coats–Redfern method. The research revealed that TG curves approached the high‐temperature end with increasing heating rates, and the peak temperature of heat loss rate on the DTG curves tended to rise, but the magnitude of the change was smaller than that of heating rate. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of thermal decomposition increased with the conversion rate. The Ea of compound 5 ranged from 77.65 to 154.05 kJ mol−1 and from 82.56 to 156.43 kJ mol−1 calculated by KAS and FWO, respectively. The thermal decomposition process models of the compounds were found to be one‐dimensional diffusion models (D1). The results of the kinetic compensation effect showed that the fitting result of the KAS method was better than that of the FWO method. Pyrolysis results indicated the production of aromatic substances such as methyl cyclopentenolone, menthol and esters. Additionally, the results of cigarette flavouring showed that the smoking quality of cigarettes was improved by adding compound 5. In summary, the findings of this study not only offer insights into the thermal decomposition and development of slow‐release flavours under heated conditions, but also provide valuable references for assessing the thermal stability and utilisation potential of various substances, including biomass.
Constituents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Abilities of Essential Oil of Dolichos lablab Flowers and Its Application as Food Preservative
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , He Zhiqiang , Zhang Qingfen , Lu Qi , Zhu Minghua , Zu Yuangang , Bao Yihong , Chen Chunxia
Published: December 2024

Dolichos lablab flowers, as the dried buds of D. lablab L, was used as an ingredient in various dishes in China, and there were no studies on the constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activity with the essential oil. The constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial ability of the essential oil of D. lablab flowers (EOF) obtained by hydro‐distillation (HD) method were evaluated, and its efficacy in fresh pork preservation was studied. The 36 components were recognised, accounting for 96.46% of EOF. The proportion of oxygen‐containing compounds in EOF was as high as 89.72%, of which fatty acid accounted for 65.82%. Among fatty acids, palmitic acid (33.86%), myristic acid (8.42%), lauric acid (5.42%) and 2E‐dodecenoic acid (4.46%) were identified as the major compounds. EOF had an excellent antioxidant ability. The semi‐radical scavenging concentrations (IC50) of EOF for 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH−), 2,2′‐Azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS+) and liposomal peroxidation were 3.09, 2.46 and 0.82 mg/mL. EOF also showed good antibacterial ability, including Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. And the L. monocytogenes showed the highest sensitivity to EOF with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25 μg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 2.5 μg/mL. Further research showed that EOF achieved its antibacterial effect by destroying the functional and structural integrity of cell membranes and cell walls of L. monocytogenes, leading to the leakage of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), nucleic acids and proteins, ultimately leading to L. monocytogenes death. The pork fresh‐keeping results showed that 1.0% EOF extend the shelf‐life of pork up to day 6, which was 2.00 times than the control during 7 days of refrigeration at 4°C. This study will provide the fundamental data support for future potential applications of EOF in food preservation.
Nutrition‐Associated Biomarkers in Predicting Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance and Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Ling , Chen Rui , Wang Hong , Yu Honglu , Ai Zeyu , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: December 2024

Several studies explored the associations of pre‐albumin (PA)/albumin (ALB) and ALB‐combined indicators (prognostic nutrition index [PNI], albumin‐to‐globulin ratio [AGR], bilirubin‐to‐albumin [BAR], and C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio [CAR]) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and coronary artery lesions (CALs) in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. However, the results were controversial. A meta‐analysis was conducted to reconfirm their associations and predictive performance. Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratios (ORs) assessed the association, while the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) evaluated the predictive power. Ninety‐four studies were included. Overall and subgroup meta‐analyses demonstrated lower ALB and higher CAR were associated with IVIG resistance (ALB: SMD = −0.61; OR = 0.83; CAR: SMD = 1.47; OR = 1.69) and CALs (ALB: SMD = −0.56; OR = 0.92; CAR: SMD = 0.52). PNI was reduced in IVIG‐resistant (SMD = −0.82) and coronary artery aneurysm (SMD = −0.18) patients in subgroup analysis and high PNI predicted the decreased risk of CALs in overall analysis (OR = 0.82). ALB, CAR, and PNI were a good or fair biomarker for differentiating IVIG‐resistant (CALs) from IVIG‐sensitive (non‐CALs) patients (AUC > 0.6 or > 0.7). PA (SMD = −0.72) and BAR (SMD = 1.10) were differential in IVIG‐resistant, but not in CAL patients compared with controls. AGR was not associated with CALs (p > 0.05). In conclusion, ALB, CAR, PNI, PA, and BAR may represent promising biomarkers for the prediction of IVIG resistance and CALs in KD patients.
Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic Khalari Hornblende‐Pyroxenite Intrusion Within the Dongargarh Supergroup, Bastar Craton: Insights From Petrological and Geochemical Studies
Authors: Samal Amiya K. , Gautam Gulab C. , Ashutosh Ankur , Srivastava Rajesh K.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates Paleoproterozoic hornblende pyroxenite, a lithological unit within the Khalari Ultramafic‐Mafic Complex (KUMC), which is intruded into the Neoarchean‐Paleoproterozoic Dongargarh Supergroup near Khalari village in the northern Bastar Craton. A comprehensive characterisation has been conducted through petrological analysis, bulk‐rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, and platinum group elements (PGEs)‐Au geochemical studies to understand its petrogenesis and geotectonic implications. The presence of primary amphibole, specific pyroxene chemistry (low Ti and Cr), and enriched LILE, LREE and fluid‐mobile elements alongside negative Nb–Ta–Ti anomalies suggest these rocks were crystallised from a mantle melt originated from a metasomatized sub‐continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source. This metasomatization could be due to fluids derived from a subduction event predating the emplacement of the studied rocks. The proposed melt composition is estimated to have formed from 5% to 10% partial melting of a garnet‐rich peridotite mantle source. The crystallisation conditions are estimated to have occurred at an average pressure of 7.85 kbar and a temperature of 902°C, indicating moderately shallow depths influenced by fractional crystallisation and slow cooling rates. The emplacement of the KUMC is contemporaneous with several other magmatic activities in the Bastar Craton, around ca. 2.50–2.47 Ga, suggesting that mantle plume might have played a significant role in their formation. Low concentrations of PGEs in the studied samples indicate a PGE‐depleted mantle source.
Drug–Drug Interaction Potential of Mavacamten with Midazolam: Combined Results from Clinical and Model‐Based Studies
Authors: Merali Samira , Sychterz Caroline , Perera Vidya , Gaohua Lu , Florea Victoria , Murthy Bindu
Published: December 2024

Mavacamten is a potential inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and could reduce the effectiveness of concomitant drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4, such as midazolam. This study aimed to determine if repeat doses of mavacamten achieving clinically relevant exposures affected midazolam exposure. This was a single‐center, open‐label study in healthy participants. Participants received: on day 1, midazolam 5 mg; on days 2–3, mavacamten 25 mg; on days 4–16, mavacamten 15 mg; and on day 17, mavacamten 15 mg and midazolam 5 mg. Plasma concentrations of mavacamten, midazolam, and the midazolam metabolite 1′‐hydroxymidazolam were measured. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to simulate the effect of mavacamten‐mediated CYP3A4 induction on midazolam exposure by CYP2C19 phenotype. Thirteen adult participants were enrolled (46.2% were female; mean [SD] age: 34.0 [9.0] years). Compared with midazolam alone, midazolam coadministered with mavacamten decreased the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the drug concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐inf), and AUC from time zero to last measurable concentration (AUC0‐last) for midazolam by 7%, 13%, and 24%, respectively; for 1′‐hydroxymidazolam, AUC0–inf and AUC0–last increased by 20% and 11%, respectively. Ten participants experienced adverse events and the majority were mild in severity. The PBPK model predicted the clinical trial data well. The PBPK simulation assessed that the overall impact of mavacamten on midazolam Cmax and AUC was predicted to be weak regardless of CYP2C19 phenotype. At clinically relevant exposures, mavacamten had a negligible effect on midazolam exposure.
Is Transformational Leadership a Cure for Burnout? It Depends! The Influential Roles of Followers' Fear of Failure and Their Cooperative and Competitive Behavior
Authors: Kensbock Julia M. , Stöckmann Christoph
Published: December 2024

The present study critically examines the promise of transformational leadership as a cure for followers' burnout. Adapting an achievement motivation perspective to conservation of resources theory, we suggest that the impact of transformational leaders on burnout depends on followers' level of fear of failure. In a study with 249 employees, we demonstrate that transformational leaders affect followers low versus high in fear of failure differently, with diverging consequences for burnout as captured by its core component, emotional exhaustion. For followers with low fear of failure, we primarily find an indirect effect, such that transformational leaders encourage them to engage in two opposing types of behavior—that is, exhaustion‐reducing cooperative and exhaustion‐enhancing competitive behavior. By contrast, followers high in fear of failure overall benefit from transformational leadership due to a strong direct negative impact on their emotional exhaustion. At the same time, followers high in fear of failure avoid engaging in both cooperative and competitive behavior. Our research provides important implications for the managerial practice. It reveals that transformational leadership is not a panacea for preventing burnout in the workforce. Instead, managers should be aware of the opposing effects that their leadership behavior can have and pay more attention to their followers' characteristics and needs.