bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organotypic human neuronal culture derived from traumatic brain injury.
Authors: Riascos David , Guzmán Francisco , Buriticá Efraín , Palacios Mauricio , Escobar Martha Isabel , Pimienta Hernán
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a global medical problem whose survivors may show disability and neurological or psychiatric sequelae. In the last few years the knowledge of physiopathological mechanisms of TBI has increase but still it is not entirely known. For this reason the research has turn over in one´s mind in new strategies to study this pathology looking for neuroprotection. Objective: The aim of this work is to develop an organotypic culture of cortical human neurons derived from a contusion tissue obtain from patients that suffered TBI. Methodology: We used contused brain tissue from 4 TBI patients. Sections between 1,500-2,000 mm were kept in a continuous flow of aCSF 2 ml/min in a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for 2,  8 and 14 hours. The initial time (0 hours) was the tissue extraction time. From blocks, sections of 50 mm  were obtained and processed for immunocytochemistry to NeuN and MAP2. Results: The results show that organotypic cultures keep neuron integrity and laminar organization in the cerebral cortex slices from 0 to 2 hours. From this time ahead neuronal morphology and laminar organization is altered especially in neurons located on layers III and V. Conclusions: Organotypic culture could be maintained from 0-2 hours. Neuronal and laminar integrity could be demonstrated. The model lead to study neuronal behaviour after TBI through different survival times. Laminar selective vulnerability was demonstrated for layers III and V.
Correlational study between declarative memory and a psicometric test (STAIC) in teenagers from Bucaramanga.
Authors: Botelho de Oliveira Silvia , Albarracín Angela Pilar , Chona Beatriz Helena , Conde Carlos Arturo , Tomaz Carlos
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated that emotional arousal enhanced long-term memory in adults. Objective: In the current study, we examined declarative memory associated with emotional content using the visual-auditory test in adolescents, and he correlation between the visual-auditory test, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and adolescent’s academic performance. Methodology: Fifty nine subjects were recruited from a School in Bucaramanga. Subject’s ages ranged between 12 and 15, with approximately equal representation of males and females. All subjects were divided in two groups: Adolescents with high score in trait anxiety and adolescents with low score in trait anxiety of STAIC. Each group were distributed in others two groups randomly. One group viewed 11 slides accompanied by «emotional arousal story», and the second group viewed 11 slides accompanied by «neutral story». In both groups the 11 slides showed the same pictures. Results: Main results were the group of «emotional arousal story» remembered more elements than the «neutral story» group, demonstrating the effect mnemonic induced by «emotional arousal». The scores state-trait anxiety (STAIC) didn’t changing the mnemonic performance in «emotional arousal story» group. Conclusions: Sadness and fear were associated with emotional version of visual-auditory test, whereas the neutral version was associated with happiness. Finally, we founded a high positive correlation between enhancement mnemonic and academic performance.
Effectiveness of ivermectin in rats with haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia.
Authors: Palacios Mauricio , Pimienta Hernán
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Extrapiramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia are common problems associated with antypsychotic therapy. Basic and clinical research is warranted due to the lack of effective therapies aimed to the prevention and treatment of antipsychotic side effects. Objective: To evaluate the effect of ivermectin in rats with haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia. Methods: The effect of ivermectin on motor behavior and abnormal movements was tested in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single dose of haloperidol. In addition, a chronic animal model known as VCM (vacuous chewing movements) was implemented with the objective to evaluate the effect of ivermectin on the frequency of orofacial movements during a period of six months. Results: Ivermectin does not prevent the motor behavior and frequency of abnormal movements induced by haloperidol in the acute model. Orofacial movements were not reduced with ivermectin in the chronic model. In addition, ivermectin was not associated with changes in motor behavior and abnormal movements in the acute and chronic model. Conclusions: Ivermectin is not a good candidate for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and the results of this study do not support the GABAergic hypothesis in the physiopathology of tardive dyskinesia. Additionally, ivermectin does not induce abnormal movements.
Exofocal changes in experimental focal cerebral ischemia: an experimental approach and its clinical correlation.
Authors: Arango Dávila César A. , Escobar Martha Isabel , Buriticá Efraín , Pimienta Hernán
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The brain is an extraordinarily dynamic structure specially its physiology in response to pathological events. This response include several mechanisms such as changes in cell metabolism, genes expression and possible modifications in cell phenotype and in connectivity that reflect activation of processes like neurogenesis, neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. Several aspects related with neuroplasticity has been proposed as part of the pathophysiological bases to understand brain ischemia and its exofocal phenomena. Progress in understanding of the pathophysiology of brain lesion has required the use of experimental models to evaluate cellular events that occur immediately after the lesion or later, to associate this changes with clinical observations and to propose pharmacological neuroprotection therapies. Objective: The purpose of the present work is to compile the advances in understanding of plasticity after brain lesion, mainly related with exofocal areas to a core lesion. Discussion and conclusions: The present work shows recent advances in neuroplasticity based on experimental approaches, and preclinical findings related with the exofocal ischemic phenomena: changes in areas not completely ischemic, changes in no ischemic areas affected by chemical or electrical signals, changes in the pattern of connectivity and adaptative changes in remote areas to the ischemic core. Finally, we discuss clinical aspects associated with this changes, experimental strategies and clinical pharmacological interventions.
Imatinib treatment and pharmacogenotype CYP3A4 in relation with the clonal expansion Ph(+) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Authors: Camargo Mauricio , Soto Marín María Isabel , Zea Olga , Saavedra Domingo
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Imatinib is an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine-kinase that has dramatically changed the treatment of patient with Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) positive for the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+). This compound is mainly metabolized by the cytochrome CYP3A4 enzyme, coded by a gene with individual variations that could interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment, due to the fact that particular single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., CYP3A4*1B y CYP3A4*2, have shown to exert a significant influence on the metabolic activity of this pharmacologically important enzyme. Objective: Evaluate the frequency of pharmacogenetically important polymorphisms in the CYP3A4 gen in a Colombian population of patients with CML being treated with this novel drug (Imatinib), in parallel with a control population of 164 healthy individuals. Correlate the evolution of the clonal expansion Ph(+) with the presence of these SNPs and the length of treatment. Methodology: PCR-RFLP genotyping for the CYP3A4* 1B y CYP3A4*2 SNPs. RBHG replication banding for the evaluation of the presence of the Ph(+) markers in spontaneous mitotic blasts. Results: A positive cytogenetic response and/or correlation was detected between the length of the imatinib treatment and a reduction in the percentage of Ph(+) blasts. Genotyping indicate that CYP3A4*1B polymorphism does no affect the cytogenetic response in imatinib treated Ph(+) patients, and that the pharmacorelevant CYP3A4*2 SNP is not present in this population of patients and controls (N=194). Conclusions: The pharmacogenotype CYP3A4*2 (exon 7) does not affect the induced positive cytogenetic response triggered by the imatinib treatment, that generally induces a reduction in Ph(+) blasts en relation with the duration of the treatment.
Implementation of a method using tritiated substrates as a diagnostic tool for OCTN2 deficiency.
Authors: Osorio José Henry
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The transport of carnitine into the cell is mediated by a high-affinity sodium-dependent plasmalemmal carnitine transporter, OCTN2. Carnitine is a zwitterion essential for the mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. Primary carnitine deficiency is a consequence of the deficiency of OCTN2. Objective: The objective of the present study was to analyse the oxidation rate of tritiated substrates by fibroblasts from patients suffering OCTN2 deficiency and controls. Materials and methods: Fibroblasts from patients and controls were incubated with [3H]-palmitate and [3H]-miristate and the oxidation of these substrates were measured in nmol/hour/mg protein. Results: We found depressed the oxidation of tritiated substrates in fibroblasts from patients suffering the deficiency of OCTN2 in more than 60%. Conclusion: This modified technique enables us the in vitro diagnosis or primary carnitine deficiency.
Stable copd management in relation to the GOLD: Experience at a university hospital.
Authors: Durán Diana , Vargas Olga Cecilia
Published: August 2021

Introduction: This paper presents a prospective and descriptive study discussing the outpatient care plan in a public hospital in Bogotá for patients with stable COPD according with the GOLD recommendations. The paper presents as well the influence of factors such as education, pharmacological treatment, pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen-therapy. A survey was carried out among patients, and the results were evaluated and validated by a group of experts; a personal data card for the review of clinical records was considered. Materials and methods: This is a three-phase study. On the first phase, selected patients from outpatient care visits were included with a primary diagnosis of COPD on the stable condition stage; these patients had no evident exacerbation in at least one month before the survey. Clinical records, demographic data (gender, age), previous control dates, required examinations, prescribed medicines, referral to pulmonary rehabilitation programs, exercises and domiciliary oxygen-therapy were recorded. On the second phase, the survey was carried out among 61 adult patients who met the inclusion criteria and the clinical record register. On the third phase, the analysis and interpretation of the results were carried out with a statistic processing of the information, which considers multivariate and univariate data analysis using the software SPSS version 11.5 for Windows. Results: The number of patients with COPD diagnosis studied during the research period of time in our hospital outpatient service was 69, however only 61 of them fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Sixty-one patients were interviewed, average age, 73. Seventy percent were female. Fifty percent of the participants were from low schooling, social and economic segments of the population; 50% had no formal education and 93% were family dependent. The major risk factor reported (84%) was wood fire smoke, with an average exposure of more than 20 years (72%). Thirty percent considered that they had been educated about their disease by a physician, 47% used inhaled bronchodilators, 48% of whom had difficulties to obtain them. Although 56% of all patients were using home oxygen therapy, and 93% suffered some degree of dyspnea, only one patient had undergone pulmonary rehabilitation. Conclusions: Our study revealed that non pharmacological therapy and patient education do not meet GOLD recommendations at a Colombian public hospital; this is due, in part, to inadequacies of the public health system and accessibility to it, lack of clinical guidelines, scant medical referral and heavy patients load. It is necessary to implement an improvement plan that will enhance COPD patient treatment and expand heath care professionals participation in it.
Prevalence and factors related with the presence of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients who attended health institutions in Cali, Colombia.
Authors: Pinzón Elisa María , Bravo Sonia Marlene , Méndez Fabián , Clavijo Gail Mildred , León Miguel Evelio
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors related with the presence of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients who attended health institutions in Cali-Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made in 319 patients who attended four health institutions in the city of Cali. The inclusion criteria were: being HIV positive patients, being over 18 years old, attending medical checkups and accepting participation. Pregnant women and inmates were excluded. Results: The general prevalence of oral manifestations was 77.1% (CI 95%: 72.4-81.7). The most frequent oral manifestation was xerostomia with 41.1% (CI 95%: 35.5-46.6), followed by the manifestations from mycotic origin [(35.7% (CI 95% 30.4-41)] bacterial [34.2% (CI 95%: 28.9-39.4)] virals [16.6 (CI 95% 12.5-20.7)], oral ulcers [7.5 (CI 95%: 4.6-10.4)] and neoplastics [3.8 (CI95% 1.6-5.8)]. The population studied did not show non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of oral injuries was associated with time of HIV/AIDS diagnosis during the previous 12 months, detectable viral load, and presence of removable dental prosthesis and self-report of dry mouth. Conclusions: The prevalence of oral manifestations registered in this population is high compared with those reported world-wide. Considering the association found, our results suggest that oral injuries are initial clinic characteristics of the disease and may be useful to predict treatment failure and progression from HIV infection to AIDS.
Coexistence of psoriasis and vitiligo.
Authors: Moreno María Isabel , Moreno Luis Hernando
Published: August 2021

We present a 53-years old male with a 10 years history of vitiligo who further developed psoriatic lesions clearly representing a Koebner´s phenomenon. He is currently being treated with phototherapy and narrowband UVB with an interin satisfactory outcome especially in the psoriasis.
The Greek origin of caduceum: Æsculapius.
Authors: Rillo Arturo G.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Medicine history gives us the chance to reflect about the Caduceus as the synthesis of the dialectic of the sensible and spiritual life. This opens and horizon of comprehension and allow us to recover the legend of Asclepius and it’s cult with the different symbolic elements that structure it. The legend: The historic and mythological references about Asclepius’ existence gives structure to the legend in a real and not-real environment perduring in the occidental medicine tradition as a mystical reference to the deity for the medical practice. The cult: It’s based in the incubation and synthesizes healing rites and therapeutical practices, as medical as surgical; exercise, sleep cures and amusement activities. The symbol: The linguistic origin of Asclepius’ name, the symbolism of the legend protagonists and the iconographic representation of their attributes, converge in the Caduceus to represent the medical practices and ideas synthesis, all them related to the human life. Conclusion: Asclepius’ perception transcends the Olympic divinity and situates him as the healing archetype; that’s why Caduceus is consistent with the system-world representation that rules the actual medical practice.
Relationship with multiple partners in university women: a comparative study in two institutions from the northwest of Mexico
Authors: Piña Julio Alfonso , Dávila Mariana , Lozano Dora Isabel , Carillo Irene Concepción , Vázquez Patricia
Published: August 2021

Objective: To identify what variables influence having multiple sexual partners. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 542 women of two higher education institutions from the northwest of Mexico, who answered a questionnaire measuring psychological variables underlying high-risk sexual behaviors. The data were analyzed with T-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and with a multiple linear regression. Results: A multiple linear regression analysis showed the following results: for women from Hermosillo, Sonora, the predictors of high-risk sexual behaviors were biological age, age of sexual debut, and one biological state - «I was physically excited»-, with those variables explaining 53.4% of the total variance; for women from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, the predictors were biological age, and two types of biological states -«I was physically excited» and «I was under the influence of alcohol», explaining 20.8% of the total variance. Conclusions: The results underscore the need to design prevention programs directed to avoid HIV infection based on behavioral competencies training.
Perceptions of mothers with children affected by major congenital malformations: the need to develop a system of appropriate care. Qualitative study of focus groups
Authors: Suárez Obando Fernando , Ordóñez Adriana , Macheta Marisol
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The diseases that are partly or wholly determined by genetic factors, gradually assume a ratio of greater importance in the epidemiological profile of the child population, becoming one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The perception of mothers of children affected by major congenital malformations has not been studied before in relation to the health system in Colombia. Objectives: To know the mother’s perceptions of children with congenital malformations, on the etiology of the disease for their children, medical care received and the potential consequences of the malformation. Methods: Qualitative exploratory descriptive study of focus groups with mothers of children suffering from major congenital malformations. Results: Mothers identified the problems of child care in relation to the health system, treatment ambivalent and prejudice of health personnel and the need for clear answers on the future of children, as well as the need for reforms in the health care of people affected.
Neuronal apoptosis: signal and cell diversity
Authors: Becerra Lina Vanessa , Pimienta Hernán José
Published: August 2021

Programmed cell death occurs as a physiological process during development. In the brain and spinal cord this event determines the number and location of the different cell types. In adulthood, programmed cell death or apoptosis is more restricted but it may play a major role in different acute and chronic pathological entities. However, in contrast to other tissues where apoptosis has been widely documented from a morphological point of view, in the central nervous system complete anatomical evidence of apoptosis is scanty. In spite of this there is consensus about the activation of different signal systems associated to programmed cell death. In the present article we attempt to summarize the main apoptotic pathways so far identified in nervous tissue. Considering that apoptotic pathways are multiple, the neuronal cell types are highly diverse and specialized and that neuronal response to injury and survival depends upon tissue context, (i.e., preservation of connectivity, glial integrity and cell matrix, blood supply and trophic factors availability) what is relevant for the apoptotic process in a sector of the brain may not be important in another.
Association between calcium intake, parathormone levels and blood pressure during pregnancy.
Authors: Nieto Aníbal , Herrera Julián A. , Villar José , Matorras Roberto , López de la Manzanara Carlos , Arribas Ignacio , Alvarez Julia , Peiró Eugenia
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the association between calcium intake from diet, calciotropic hormones (PTH, PTH-rp), vasoactive regulators (endothelin, nitric oxide) and blood pressure levels during pregnancy, birth and puerperium. Method: In a prospective study 149 healthy normotensive primigravidas were followed-up from 15 weeks of gestation to puerperium. Daily calcium intake, calciuria, PTH, PTH-rp, endothelin, nitrite-nitrate, and Holter Test were assessed. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association between calcium intake, blood pressure levels and the laboratory tests. Multivariate regression models were performed to control potential confounders. Results: A significant increase of calcium intake during pregnancy was observed (931±301 mg/day to 1,195±467 mg/day, p< 0.001). Plasma PTH-rp, endothelin, and nitrite-nitrate levels did not change during pregnancy. Among the women 38 (25.4%) had low calcium intake (< 800 mg/day) with a larger increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure during pregnancy (p=0.04) birth (p=0.006) and puerperium (p=0.01). After adjusting for other factors the multivariate analyses showed statistical association between low calcium intake, high parathormone levels and high systolic blood pressure levels during pregnancy (p=0.002). Conclusion: Low calcium intake during pregnancy is associated with a larger increase of systolic blood pressure and high parathormone levels.
Nutritional status in children with chronic renal failure in outpatient pediatric nephrology clinic at the Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali
Authors: Herrera Adela Isabel , De Rovetto Consuelo , De Castaño Iris , Martínez Alexander Maximiliano , Guerrero Alejandra
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Chronic renal disease (CRD) can compromise nutritional status in children. Nutritional assessment should be performed in early stages of CRD in order to maintain growth, as well as to prevent malnutrition and to diminish progression of renal diseases and metabolic consequences of uremia. Objective: Evaluation of nutritional status of children with moderate CRD stages 2- 4 by means of anthropometry, biochemical profile and dietary survey by records of last three days. Methods: A descriptive observational study was performed to a total of 17 patients that attended to pediatric nephrology service at the Hospital Universitario del Valle, from December 2007 to March 2008. Results: Of the children 65% were males, mean age was 6.2 for males and 10.3 for females. Causes of CRD were reflux nephropathy in 41%. Malnutrition under-2 Standard Deviation for height and weight for the age was found in 30% of patients. The measurement of triceps fold, showed moderate undernourishment in 75% of the children. According to the biochemical data 5 patients (29%) had serum albumin < 3.5 mg/dl. Dietary records evidence diminution in the consumption of calories, calcium, iron, zinc. Sodium ingestion was over the recommended values. Conclusions: These results support that an early nutritional intervention, is essential in children with of CRD in early stages; nutritional deficiencies were found in early stages of disease. It is essential to consume 100% of calories and other nutrients to avoid growth deficit and other important alterations.
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection from Hospitals of the Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
Authors: Neres Norberg Antonio , Melo Reis Carlos Henrique , De Carvalho Queiroz Margareth Maria , Ribeiro Paulo César , Pile Edwin , De Carvalho Raimundo Wilson
Published: August 2021

Objetives: The authors investigated the P. jiroveci prevalence and the epidemiological pattern of individuals with HIV infection and pulmonary infection concomitantly. Method: Were collected 266 samples of bronchoalveolar lavae of the HIV infection patients from three hospitals from Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Results: The overall prevalence of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection was 26.3%, been 18% in male and 8.3% in female. The sexes showed similar prevalence (26.8% in men and 25.3% in women) and considering the infection stratified by age category, except to female 10-15 years old group, all of them showed infection by the P. jiroveci.  Both measurements without significant differences (among sex, X2= 0,07; among age category, H=10,7, p>0,05) respectively. From this survey eight cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, representing 3.0% of the total examined.
Isolation of Brucella canis from a human sharing her house with infected dogs.
Authors: Olivera Martha , Di Lorenzo Cecilia
Published: August 2021

Objective: To report a case of bacteremia in a woman living in close contact with dogs infected with Brucella canis. Methods: Previous written consent of the woman a blood sample was taken to perform rapid agglutination test, immunofluorescence, and hemoculture. Results: Brucella canis was isolated and the isolation was confirmed by the Instituto Nacional ANLIS «Carlos G. Malbran» from Argentina. The woman did not present any symptoms associated with brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a risk of contamination by B. canis for people keeping tight contact with infected dogs.
sSural nerve: anatomical study and clinical aspects.
Authors: Nieto José Luis , Vergara Amador Enrique , Amador José Armando
Published: August 2021

Introduction: An anatomical study of the sural nerve in 20 fresh cadavers was carried out, with the main aim of knowing the anatomy of the sural nerve and the relationships with the anatomical points to facilitate its identification in different clinical and surgical procedures. Materials and methods: From fresh cadavers with ages between 20 and 40 years and less than 48 hours of death, 20 legs were studied. Through a posterior incision the sural nerve was dissected from the popliteal region until the lateral malleolus, identifying the medial sural cutaneous nerve and the communicating branch of the common peroneal nerve. Measures were made in centimeters. Results: In 70% of the cases, the sural nerve was composed by the connection of the medial sural cutaneous nerve and the communicating branch of the common peroneal nerve and in 30% only by the medial sural cutaneous nerve. This branch was present in 100% of the cases. The communicating branch was present without connection with the medial sural cutaneous nerve in 15%, and in the other 15% this branch was absent. In 57% the nervous connection was proximal to the miotendinous union of the gastrocnemius The width of the miotendinous union of the gastrocnemius were between 5 to 8 cm (average 6.5 cm). The sural nerve was found 2.6 cm on average medial to the lateral border of the union. In the 6 cases of connection distal to the miotendinous union, the sural medial nerve passed 2 cm in average medial to the lateral border of the union, and the sural lateral to 0.8 cm medial of the same reference mentioned. Regarding the insertion of the Achilles’ tendon, the sural nerve passed 2.25 cm previous to the same and in relation to the most prominent and posterior part of the lateral malleolus it passed 2 cm in average. Discussion: This study showed that is possible to find the sural nerve with security if the anatomical points are identified well to preserve it in different surgeries or to harvest the flaps in neurological studies and harvesting it for grafting or nerve biopsy.
Expectancies toward the intake of alcohol in young adults of Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2005.
Authors: Herrán Oscar F. , Ardila María Fernanda
Published: August 2021

Objective: To settle down in young adults of Bucaramanga if the statistical and conceptual performance of the test AEQ-III is similar to the one reached in young adults from Mexico, and to describe the relationship of these expectancies with some variables of the context. Methods: Study of factorial validation and internal consistency. In Bucaramanga, Colombia, 156 young adults, answered 51 items of the alcohol expectancy questionnaire. A model of structural equation was developed to evaluate the goodness of fit of the factorial solution through the reason of verisimilitude Chi-square (X2) and the half quadratic approach error (RMSEA). The global internal consistency and intra expectancies were carried out with the alpha of Cronbach. The scores for the expectancies were calculated with base in additives scales. Results: The value reached for the X2 was 6921, with 1196 grades of freedom, p=0.000. The RMSEA was 0.18. The global internal consistency and for the factors, it was bigger in this sample with regard to the Mexican. Equally, all the scores means was bigger in each factor and the smallest variability (p< 0.001). Conclusion: In young adults of Bucaramanga, the internal consistency in the eight expectancies is good. However, the statistical coherence is poor. It is necessary to adapt the questionnaire to Bucaramanga culture and in other age groups, before applying their results.
Design of a molecular method for subspecies specific identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae by using the 16S ribosomal subunit gene.
Authors: Arenas Nelson Enrique , Polanco Juan Carlos , Coronado Sandra Milena , Durango Clara Juliana , Gómez Arley
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Rhinoscleroma is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis and the ozena infections caused by K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae, both infections affect the upper respiratory tract. In the first clinical phases the symptoms are unspecific, and the disease can be misdiagnosed as a common cold, therefore antimicrobial therapy cannot reach effective results and patients must be following up for several years since the infection became chronic. Objective: To identify Klebsiella subspecies using a specific assay based on amplicons restriction of a gene which encodes 16S subunit ribosomal (rDNA16S). Methodology: Specific restriction patterns were generated; using reported sequences from rDNA16S gene and bioinformatics programs MACAW, PFE, GENEDOC and GENE RUNNER. Amplification and restriction assays were standardized.Results: Predictions in silico allowed us to propose an algorithm for Klebsiella species and subspecies identification. Two reference strains were included and two clinical isolates which were biotyped and identified by the proposed method. rDNA16S gene restriction patterns showed differences regarding the initially identified species for conventional methods. Additionally two patterns of bands were observed for K. pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis, indicating the polymorphisms presence in the rDNA16S gene. Conclusions: We confirmed the difficulty to identify K. pneumoniae subspecies by conventional methods. Implementation of this technique could allow accurate and rapid differentiation among K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae and K. pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis the aetiological agents of two frequently misdiagnosed infections. Antimicrobial therapy usually could be ineffective, especially in chronic patients. Finally we consider very important to enlarge the study by using more clinical and reference strains.
Catheter meaning for the adolescents in dialysis.
Authors: Morales Liliana Cristina , Castillo Edelmira
Published: August 2021

Goal: Terminal renal failure affects all the person’s life dimensions. The impact of this illness during adolescence is quite dramatic because the adolescent must live with the illness demands and the demands from this crucial developmental stage. Knowledge regarding the impact of the dialysis catheter on the adolescent’s life is spare. Methodology: A phenomenological study was carried out with 8 female and male adolescents that were in dialysis. Findings: The adolescents had to learn to live with the dialysis catheter in their body. The catheter became an obstacle to achieve their identity and deteriorated their physical appearance and peer relationships.
Acute retinal necrosis.
Authors: Ocampo Hugo Hernán , Martínez Alexánder Maximiliano
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Clinical features in a case of acute retinal necrosis are described as well as its diagnostic approach and response to early treatment. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study case report of a 26 year old male patient who arrived to the emergency room with a three day history of sudden visual loss in the right eye (RE). At initial evaluation a visual acuity of hand movements in the RE, 20/15 in the left eye (LE) and a right relative afferent pupillary defect were found. Fundoscopy revealed profuse soft exudates and hemorrhages involving posterior pole, inferior hemiretina and superotemporal periphery. Infectious workup and fluoresceinic angiography were made and positive serologies for herpes virus types 1 and 2, without HIV, were found. A diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis was made and treatment with intravenous valgancyclovir for two weeks and intra-vitreous triamcinolone for severe vasculitis, was given. Then a 3 months treatment with oral antiviral agents was prescribed. Results: Patient’s evolution showed improvement with treatment and at two and a half months of follow up, visual acuity was 20/50 in the right eye, normal slit lamp examination, tonometry of 12 mm Hg and fundoscopy improved when compared to initial pictures.Conclusions: A high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosing ARN taking into account clinical findings. Prompt intravenous and intra-vitreous treatments are needed to achieve good clinical and functional outcomes and to avoid central nervous system complications.
Polymerase chain reaction and molecular diagnostics.
Authors: Villegas Victoria Eugenia , Sánchez Magda Carolina , Chuaire Lilian
Published: August 2021

PCR, acronym of polymerase chain reaction, has revolutionized the field of molecular diagnostics to the point that it currently represents the fastest-growing segment in clinical laboratories worldwide, where it has become an invaluable tool. This paper describes the fundamentals of PCR and its developments in some of its many applications in the diagnosis, from its beginnings to the present.
The health status and life satisfaction of caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer’s
Authors: Lenardt Maria Helena , Hautsch Willig Mariluci , Seima Márcia Daniele , De Freitas Pereira Letice
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The health status of caregivers is associated with satisfaction with life and so in the way of delivering care to the elderly with Alzheimer’s. Objective: To evaluate the health status and life satisfaction of family caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer’s, users of a Reference Center for Care in Alzheimer’s disease in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. The convenience sample consisted of 208 family caregivers and selected during the period December 2009 to February 2010, through the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in the Reference Center. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and application of the scales: Zarit caregiver burden interview, Subjective Well-Being and Functional Staging. For statistical analysis, we applied the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test, using Epi-Info 6.04. Results were considered statistically significant if their level was less than 5% (p
Treatment of mental patients in the presence of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform: family members’ perceptions
Authors: Jasnievski Clarissa Regina , Paes Marcio Roberto , Noeremberg Guimarães Andréa , Brusamarello Tatiana , Alves Maftum Mariluci
Published: August 2021

Objective: To apprehend family members’ perceptions on treatment of mental patients in the presence of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform.Methodology: Qualitative exploratory research carried out in 2010 at a psychiatric hospital in Paraná State/Brazil. Ten family members of mental patients were the subjects. Data were collected by means of a semistructured interview and analyzed through thematic analysis.Results: From the analysis, three categories emerged: Treatment of mental patients in the presence of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform; Outpatient Mental Health Services; Family members’ physical and emotional distress.Discussion: The families perceived a new way of treating mental patients based on social reinsertion with the participation of a multiprofessional team.Conclusion: More support is deemed necessary on the part of mental patients’ families mediated by Brazilian public policies.
The nursing ethnographic research into complex societies
Authors: Lenardt Maria Helena , Michel Tatiane , Pereira De Melo Lucas
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Multicultural societies of the postmodern world are characterized by the complexity of their structure, organization, and operation. In such societies, there is a heterogeneous set of social players who experience a variety of phenomena in their daily lives in cities. Within this context, nursing care has developed and nurses in recent years have turned to ethnography as a tool in understanding socio-cultural reality and experience from the perspective of those living these experiences. This is a theoretical study seeking to reflect upon the application of an ethnographic approach in Brazilian nursing research in complex societies.Ethnography in Brazilian nursing research in complex societies: Brazilian nurses have appropriated the methodological tools and theories of nursing and anthropological studies to investigate the experiences and meanings attributed to health-disease process, cultural influence on health-related behaviors, as well as to evaluate and manage work processes. Further studies are emphasized to attempt to theorize and reflect upon the methodological construction of this research. This move highlights a shift in focus on nursing research and practice for a more integrative and complex view of human beings and reality. Ethnography helps us learn about a given reality and, as a result, we obtain new insights for understanding the phenomena.Reflection: It is considered that anthropological knowledge extends the nurses’ views on the subject about which they devote their practice, refining it. Being closer to the lives and experience of subjects, permits the perception of phenomena from the perspective of the players involved, offering professionals a different view on the needs and outcomes of nursing care.
ITC in the School of Nursing at the Valle University: A transformative experience
Authors: Tovar María Clara , Argote Luz Ángela , Ocampo Melva Patricia
Published: August 2021

Introduction: In order to spread the experience of the School of Nursing in the use of innovative strategies, which facilitate the formation of the students in higher education, with difficult access to the education classroom for fulfilling diverse roles in society; this article presents this systematized strategy, doing a tour from the years 60 up to the use of ITC at present.Methods. Historical documents were collected from the School of Nursing, research papers, systematization and evaluation of students and teachers related to the topic.Results. The methodologies used according to the state of technology as well as gains and areas for improvement both teachers and students with effective use of ITC.Conclusions. One of the main factors for the successful implementation of ITC in higher education is the favorable perception of teachers in front of them, because even though some teachers do not consider it necessary to introduce new ways of teaching and learning, many others are willing and committed to innovate and propose new pedagogical challenges using the resources provided by these technologies. The results of this experience show that the technological and pedagogical innovation is key to expanding coverage, undergraduate and postgraduate nursing as well as for the strengthening to discipline, the conceptualization and the practice of the human care.
Francisco Xavier de Lizana y Beaumont. El discurso ideológico de un arzobispo-virrey en México, 1803-1810
Authors: Rubio Hernández Alfonso
Published: August 2021

Francisco Xavier de Lizana y Beaumont nació el 13 de diciembre de 1749 en la ciudad de Arnedo, en la actual Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja (España). Después de su carrera eclesiástica en España, es nombrado arzobispo de México en enero de 1803, y entre 1809 y 1810, durante diez meses, llegó a ser virrey de la Nueva España. Fue conocido por sus cualidades como escritor y predicador de sermones y cartas pastorales, y es nuestro propósito aquí analizar sus discursos impresos, que se dieron a conocer en México, desde una selección significativa de los mismos para interpretar su contenido ideológico y moral en un contexto político de crisis para la Corona española.
Los curas de parroquia de Valladolid de Michoacán ante la guerra de independencia, 1810-1821
Authors: Hernández González Ismael
Published: August 2021

La historiografía oficial ha afirmado que gran parte del clero parroquial de la entonces Nueva España apoyó la causa insurgente, pero estudios más recientes de carácter revisionista han señalado que no fue así y que el bajo clero mantuvo posturas más diversas durante ese proceso y no se limitó a guardar total lealtad a uno de los dos bandos en pugna (insurgentes y realistas). La presente investigación analiza los posicionamientos que asumieron los curas de parroquia de la intendencia de Valladolid de Michoacán durante ese proceso que inició en 1810 y culminó en 1821. Para realizar el citado análisis, se recurre a casos concretos de párrocos que se vieron inmersos en ese proceso histórico. Se puede adelantar que las posturas de los párrocos fueron variadas, desde las que congeniaron con la posición oficial que asumió la Iglesia, hasta las que tomaron los partidarios de la insurgencia, pero sin olvidar a quienes se mantuvieron al margen del conflicto al huir de sus parroquias o a los que adoptaron una posición ambigua al apoyar a ambos bandos, debido a las exigencias particulares de sus contextos.
Nombrando las desviaciones para fijar adhesiones. Una interpretación de las circulaciones de la herejía y de la condena a los herejes desde la ciudad de Bogotá, 1819 – 1826
Authors: Diaz Sastre Jeferson Jesid
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo propone algunas reflexiones que problematizan las enunciaciones de la herejía y el cisma, bien por las autoridades eclesiásticas, bien por las autoridades civiles republicanas desde la ciudad de Bogotá –al mismo tiempo sede del poder temporal como del poder espiritual– entre los años 1819 a 1826. Al respecto, se indaga por cuáles son los problemas que reflejan dichas enunciaciones, máxime cuando una y otra refieren a situaciones límite en el seno de la historia del cristianismo. Desde los conflictos entre clérigos por desviaciones de la ortodoxia católica, pasando por el proceso de la censura de libros por parte del sector eclesiástico, se encuentra una ambivalencia de la herejía entre los contornos de lo religioso y lo político, por cuanto éste último la resignifica en su experiencia límite como cisma, erigiéndola como imposibilidad de conciliación de las diferencias en el seno de la naciente República.
Bernard Lavallé (dir.). Los virreinatos de Nueva España y del Perú (1680-1740): un balance historiográfico. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 2019, VIII-208.
Authors: Galeano Juan Camilo
Published: August 2021

Entre la consolidación del reinado de los Austrias y las reformas administrativas de losBorbones, las décadas finales del siglo XVII y la primera mitad del siglo XVIII,correspondientes al ocaso de la dinastía Habsburgo, la Guerra de Sucesión y el reinado deFelipe V, han sido escasamente consideradas por la historiografía moderna para el caso delos reinos de las Indias occidentales y sus dos cortes virreinales: Nueva España y Perú. Enla historia imperial española los espacios temporales de constitución administrativa (1492-1570) y reajuste institucional (1760-1810) han sido predilectos en los ámbitos deinvestigación historiográfica. Esta periodización tradicional ha reducido la visibilidad delos procesos concernientes a la historia de los agentes e instituciones del mundo hispánicomoderno durante el primer siglo XVIII (1680-1740).
Sermones patrióticos en el comienzo de la República de Colombia, 1819-1820. Armando Martínez Garnica (Compilador), Academia Colombiana de Historia-Archivo General de la Nación, 2020, 2 tomos.
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: August 2021

Decisiva fue la influencia ejercida por el estamento eclesiástico en Colombia durante lasguerras de Independencia. Así entonces, las ceremonias religiosas fueron un componentevital, dado el poder que inspiraba la Iglesia y la amplia ascendencia que tenían los curas encada población 1 . Sobre este particular, se refirió el historiador Hermes Tovar Pinzón: “Parauna sociedad en la cual el púlpito era el mejor y más eficaz método de comunicación y, lareligión el mejor método de control social y espiritual, el Estado no vaciló en emplearlacuando fue necesario”.
Editorial
Authors: Cortés Guerrero José David , Galeano Ramírez Juan Camilo
Published: August 2021

Las independencias de las excolonias europeas en América, sobre todo las que pertenecieron a España, es uno de los temas historiográficamente hablando, que más se han trabajado. Los primeros estudios sobre el momento de ruptura del orden colonial dieron pie a las que se han denominado historias nacionales, preocupadas ellas por construir un relato casi oficial sobre cómo nacieron las nuevas repúblicas hispanoamericanas. Desde un principio, los variados relatos que se elaboraron sobre las independencias enfatizaron en diversos aspectos que consideraron relevantes, por ejemplo las ideas políticas que supuestamente influyeron en el constructo ideológico revolucionario; las campañas militares que condujeron a las derrotas de los ejércitos realistas en múltiples campos de batalla, lo que significó el enaltecimiento de los “héroes que nos dieron patria”, como reza una frase muy conocida en la región; el papel que desempeñaron potencias europeas, especialmente Gran Bretaña, en el patrocinio del proceso emancipador; y el papel que tanto la Iglesia católica, como institución, como la religión, jugaron en la independencia como proceso histórico.