bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership And Democratization In Kazakhstan And Kyrgyzstan: Comparative Analysis Of Political Systems Of Post-Soviet Countries
Authors: Zadayev Emil
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the prospects of democratization in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan by comparing their political systems. The primary objective is to identify the factors influencing the varying degrees of democratic development between these two Central Asian countries, despite their similar socio-cultural and historical backgrounds. The methodology employed involves a systems analysis approach, examining both "input" and "output" functions of the political systems. Key variables include the levels of democracy as the independent variable, and political parties, leaders, resource distribution, and opposition suppression as dependent variables. Results indicate that Kazakhstan, under Nazarbayev, maintained a more controlled political environment through patronage networks and resource allocation, effectively limiting opposition and preserving stability. In contrast, Kyrgyzstan exhibited a more dynamic political landscape with multiple power shifts, driven by competitive party politics and less centralized control over resources. However, both countries face significant challenges, including regional fragmentation, corruption, and the influence of Islamist movements, which complicate their democratic trajectories. The findings suggest that while Kyrgyzstan shows potential for democratic development due to its parliamentary system and active civil society, Kazakhstan's path is hindered by entrenched authoritarian practices and elite control.
Marktausblick zu erwarteten Wasserstoffpreisen und-mengen in Deutschland : Eine Literaturauswertung zu Markthochlaufszenarien
Authors: Bühler Lauritz , Scharf Hendrik , Möst Dominik
Published: August 2024

Eine entscheidende Frage auf dem Weg zu der bis 2045 angestrebten Klimaneutralität ist, zu welchen Preisen (grüner) Wasserstoff zur Verfügung steht und welche Mengen sich erwarten lassen. Zur Beantwortung der Frage wird eine Metaanalyse bestehender Literatur zum Thema Wasserstoff durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden dazu folgende drei zentrale Leitfragen beantwortet: 1. Welche Preise für Wasserstoff sind je Szenario in den Zieljahren in Deutschland und Sachsen zu erwarten? 2. Wie werden die benötigten Mengen Wasserstoff je Szenario erzeugt bzw. beschafft? 3. Welche Aspekte können die Ergebnisse zu Wasserstoffmengen und-bezugspreisen verändern?
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL STRESS ON THE ADAPTATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN VARIOUS FORMS OF EDUCATION
Authors: Бобков Г.С.
Published: August 2024

Необходимость изучения проблемы гиподинамии у современных школьников, особенно выпускных классов, является актуальной, поскольку пони- женная двигательная активность приводит к нарушениям гомеостаза, в том числе и к нарушениям механизмов регуляции работы сердечно-сосудистой системы. Целью нашего исследования явилась сравнительная оценка влияния трех режимов обучения (режим самоизоляции, дистанционный и очный) во время пандемии на адаптацион ные возможности кардиоваскулярной системы старшеклассников. В исследовании приняли участие 74 мальчика, средний возраст которых составил 16,1 ± 0,9 лет, не имеющих хронических заболеваний. Проводились: тест для оценки ситуативной и личностной тревожности Ч. Д. Спилберга (под адаптацией Ю. Л. Ханина), оценка стабильности сердечной деятельности методом дисперсионного картирования, оценка степени адап- тации сердечной деятельности (кардиоинтервалография), измерение объе ма суточной двигательной активности (мобильное приложение StepsApp). Обработку полученных данных выполняли с помощью программы Statistica 10.0 Rus. Было установлено, что перевод обучающихся на дистанционную форму обуче- ния в начале пандемии привел к значительному снижению двигательной активности, усилению влияния симпатического компонента в регуляции сердечной деятельно- сти, появлению признаков нестабильности сердечной деятельности. При сравнении изучаемых параметров сердечной деятельности при повторном переходе юношей на дистанционный формат обучения с показателями, полученными при очной фор- ме обучения, не выявлено значимых изменений, что может быть связано с увели- чением двигательной активности (отсутствие режима самоизоляции). Результаты оценки ситуативной и личностной тревожности показали наличие повышенной ситуативной и личностной тревожности при всех формах обучения, более выражен- ные средние показатели в группе отмечались при нахождении школьников в режиме самоизоляции.
FEATURES OF CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF NEURODYNAMIC PROCESSES
Authors: Котов-Смоленский А. М. , Федорова Е.Ю.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается динамика показателей функционального состояния центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) в ответ на особенности виртуальной среды, в которой реализована когнитивно-моторная деятельность. В исследовании приняли участие 50 здоровых добровольцев. Посредством пси- хофизиологических скрининговых мероприятий и центильного анализа, для даль- нейшей реализации эксперимента, были получены две группы исследования — «вы- раженная подвижность нервных процессов» ВПНП (n = 14) и «выраженная инерт- ность нервных процессов» ВИНП (n = 13). Оценка экспериментальной деятельности производилась с помощью метода регистрации сенсомоторных реакций: исполь- зовались простая зрительно-моторная реакция (ПЗМР) и реакция на движущийся объект (РДО). Также применялся метод инструментальной оценки частоты сердечных сокра щений (ЧСС). Статистическая обработка проводилась с помощью критериев Уилкок сона и Манна – Уитни, статистически значимыми считали показатели, достиг- шие значения p < 0,05. В рамках оценки экспериментальной деятельности были получены статистиче- ски значимые результаты (p < 0,05), указывающие на ухудшение функционального состояния ЦНС в ответ на условия виртуальной среды (в которой был реализован нагрузочный тест) у добровольцев группы ВПНП. Результаты настоящего исследования указывают на необходимость моделиро- вания условий виртуальной среды, в которой реализуется когнитивно-моторная деятельность, в зависимости от особенностей нейродинамической организации сенсо- моторных реакций.
FEATURES OF ADAPTIVE REACTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE BODY OF STUDENTS IN CONDITIONS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE OF VARIOUS CAPACITIES
Authors: Рябцев С.М. , Жмурова Т.А.
Published: August 2024

Как известно, снижение двигательной активности является лими- тирующим фактором здорового образа жизни студенческой молодежи. Актуальность вопро са определяет необходимость выявления доступных для студентов и эффек- тивных средств физической культуры, способствующих повышению уровня функ- ционального состояния и адаптационных возможностей систем организма. Таким образом, цель данной работы — определение особенностей адаптационно-приспо- собительных реакций сердечно-сосудистой системы организма студентов в усло- виях аэробной нагрузки различной мощности. Настоящие исследования, в которых принимали участие 43 студента основной группы здоровья, проводились в течение осеннего семестра обучения. Содержание применения средств спортивно-оздорови- тельного туризма составляли упражнения общей и специальной физической подго- товки и 15 еженедельных однодневных пеших походов продолжительностью 18 км, с низкой и средней мощностью аэробной нагрузки. Анализ данных, полученных в состоянии покоя, свидетельствует о напряжении механизмов регуляции организма и характеризует низкие функциональные резервы сердечно-сосудистой системы обсле дуемых. Применение комплекса средств спортивно-оздоровительного туризма в сочетании с пешими походами отразилось на повышении функционального состоя- ния сердечно-сосудистой системы обследуемых. В настоящем исследовании выявлены особенности адаптационно-приспособительных возможностей организма студентов в условиях аэробной нагрузки различной мощности, обусловленных продолжитель- ностью влияния. Так, продолжительность нагрузки в I зоне мощности обусловливает повышение активности тонуса блуждающего нерва, снижение степени напряжения регуляторных механизмов и рациональную работу миокарда. Определено, что продол- жительность этапа аэробной нагрузки во II зоне мощности характеризует повышение активности центрального контура механизмов регуляции, тем самым обусловливая «цену» физиологической адаптации к предъявляемой нагрузке. При этом реализа- ция возможностей адаптационно-приспособительных реакций сердечно-сосудистой системы, ограниченная продолжительностью периода воздействия, определяется ус- ловиями повышения степени напряжения регуляторных механизмов обследованных студентов.
SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF MUSEUM ART THERAPY AS A WAY OF FORMING CONSTRUCTIVE COPING STRATEGIES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS)
Authors: Дядык Н.Г.
Published: August 2024

Целью статьи является изучение воздействия музейной арт-терапии на формирование копинг-стра- тегий. Музейная арт-терапия — это направление арт-терапии, основанное на целебном воздействии искусства, когда музей становится особой социальной средой, призванной оказывать благотворное воздействие на психику и здоровье человека. Исследование состоит из комплекса взаимодополняющих методов: теоретических (анализ и обобще- ние психолого-педагогической, методической литературы, синтез, сравнение); эмпирических (констати- рующий, формирующий, контрольный эксперимент, анкетирование, тестирование по психодиагностиче- ским методикам), статистических методов обработки. Нами были использованы следующие методики: метод наблюдения, методика для психологической диагностики копинг-механизмов Э. Хайма, тест Р. Лазаруса «Копинг-поведение в стрессовых ситуациях». В результате разработана психолого-педагогическая модель формирования конструктивных ко- пинг-стратегий у студентов педагогического вуза с использованием методов музейной арт-терапии. Авторами представлена методика работы с музейными артефактами с целью расширения поведенческого диапазона копинг-стратегий студентов педвуза. Использование методов музейной арт-терапии позволило сформировать конструктивные ко- пинг-стратегии у студентов педвуза. Делается вывод о том, что реализация психолого-педагогической модели формирования конструктивных копинг-стратегий средствами музейной арт-терапии будет способст вовать формированию стрессоустойчивой личности будущего педагога.
A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MOTIVATION
Authors: Немов Р.С. , Алтунина И.Р.
Published: August 2024

В статье предлагается расширенное, комплексное понимание мотивации, основанное на том, что практически все известные и изучаемые в психологии процессы и явления вносят свой вклад в регу- ляцию поведения. Это касается не только специфических мотивационных образований, которые давно и традиционно изучаются в данной области научных знаний, — инстинктов, потребностей, мотивов, целей, интересов, побуждений и влечений, — но также познавательных процессов, свойств личности и психологических состояний. В статье представлена схема такого комплесного понимания мотивации, в которую включены все изучаемые в психологии процессы и явления. Каждое из них далее рассматри- вается отдельно с точки зрения выполняемых им мотивационных функций.
Rational Screening of Mn(II) Metal-Ligand Complexes for Using as MRI Contrast Agents Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kireeva Natalia , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: August 2024

Recent decades have shown a good progress in all the fields of the advanced diagnostic capabilities and personalized medicine. The smart contrast agents (SCAs) that may appear the important element of the proper diagnosis specification should become the standard in a normal clinical practice. Most widely used contrast agents are the kinetically inert and thermodynamically stable complexes of organic ligands with Gd(III) metal ion. However, known safety concerns associated with high toxicity and severe side effects due to demetallization reactions leading to the formation of free Gd(III) ion necessitate the demand in the contrast agents of new generation. It is expected that one of the alternatives will be ML complexes with essential paramagnetic metals such as the Mn(II), Mn(III) and Fe(III). In this study, the experimental data on Mn(II)-based contrast agents (CAs) including the key functional characteristics such as the relaxation enhancement characteristics, kinetic inertness and thermodynamic stability were analyzed. The machine learning methods were used in a combination with the physicochemical and substructure(topology)-based features to estimate the missed experimental data concerned the thermodynamic stability and relaxivity characteristics evaluated at certain conditions. The analysis of the experimental data has shown that the bispidine scaffold can be considered as the reference point for the ligand search as providing with a sufficient compromise for all the investigated functional characteristics of CAs. The analysis of the literature suggests using iodine and fluorine substituents for the electronic and steric hindrance thus preventing the cleavage of the bonds while the histidine residue can be recommended for the pH sensitivity of MRI CAs while targeting the OATPs (organic anion transporting polypeptides) to achieve the hepatobiliary clearance as well as for the enhanced contrast for hepatobiliary system thus personalizing the MRI investigation. We assume that the "proton sponge" effects may contribute to the enhanced kinetic inertness characteristics of the ligands.
Investigating the Interaction between Excipients and Monoclonal Antibodies PGT121 and N49P9.6-FR-LS: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Xun Li , Orr Asuka , Sajadi Mohammad , DeVico Anthony , Deredge Daniel , MacKerell Alexander , Hoag Stephen
Published: August 2024

N49P9.6-FR-LS and PGT121 are promising antibodies with significant therapeutic potential against HIV infection, but they are prone to precipitation at high concentrations. This study evaluates the influence of six excipients—L-arginine, L-alanine, sucrose, trehalose, methionine, and glutamate—on the biophysical stability of antibodies. We employed a comprehensive approach, combining computational mAb-excipient interaction analysis via the site-identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) method with extensive experimental characterization. Our experimental matrix included viscosity measurements across temperature gradients, particle size distribution, zeta potential, pH value, and solution appearance, alongside a short-term stability study at 30°C and 65% relative humidity, with assessments at t0 (initial), t1 (14 days), and t2 (28 days). Results indicated that sucrose, arginine, alanine, and trehalose provided varying degrees of stabilization for both antibodies. Conversely, glutamate destabilized PGT121 but stabilized N49P9.6-FR-LS, while methionine had a negative effect on N49P9.6-FR-LS but a positive one on PGT121. SILCS-Biologics analysis suggested that stabilization by these excipients is linked to their ability to occupy regions involved in self-protein interactions. Debye–Hückel–Henry charge calculations further indicated that neutral excipients like sucrose and trehalose could alter mAb charges by affecting buffer binding, influencing aggregation propensity. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing antibody formulations, ensuring enhanced stability and therapeutic efficacy for HIV treatment.
Surface-induced Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers into Functional Bilayer Thin Films.
Authors: Chapel Jean-Paul , Schatz Christophe , Cousin Fabrice , BUFFETEAU Thierry , Fauquignon Martin , Naves Alliny , Mesquita Cabrini Flavia
Published: August 2024

An scalable method for the fabrication of symmetric and asymmetric BC bilayers on solid support of any type, shape and size is proposed, in order to overcome the specific limitations of currently available techniques (notably Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition and polymersome vesicle fusion (VF)). We demonstrated that this fabrication process is viable by developing a proof of concept on silicon wafers, flat and macro-scopic substrates that allow the use of a wide range of complementary state-of-the-art techniques to precisely characterize the different steps of the assembly. This type of assembly, however, is potentially possible on colloidal objects, as showed by preliminary results. The proposed fabri-cation method was done using polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) block copolymer and consists of two steps: i) the formation of a monolayer of BCs by the establishment of non-covalent interactions between the substrate and the hydrophilic blocks in a non-selective solvent ii) the controlled addition of a selective solvent (water) which triggers the assembly of the second layer through hydrophobic interactions between the free and previously adsorbed hydrophobic blocks resulting in the formation of a self-assembled bilayer of BCs on a solid support. A final rinsing step allows to eliminate the excess of aggregates (micelles) generated in the solution during the second step. BC monolayers and bilayers on solid supports were obtained and characterized using various surface characterization techniques. The ability of these bilayers to encapsulate hydrophobic actives of interest for specific applications has also been highlighted using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Finally, the possibility to form asymmetric bilayers was demonstrated on a PS-b-PAA/PS-b -poly(vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) system.
Protein Electronic Energy Transport Levels Derived from High-Sensitivity Near-UV and Constant Final State Yield Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Fereiro Jerry Alfred , Tomita Masaki , Bendikov Tatyana , Bera Sudipta , Pecht Israel , Sheves Mordechai , Cahen David , Ishii Hisao
Published: August 2024

Proteins are attractive as functional components in molecular junctions. However, control-ling the electronic charge transport via proteins, held between two electrodes, requires in-formation on their frontier orbital energy level alignment relative to the electrodes’ Fermi level (EF), which normally requires studies of UV Photoemission Spectroscopy (UPS) with HeI excitation. Such excitation is problematic for proteins, which can denature under stand-ard measuring conditions. Here we use high-sensitivity soft UV photoemission spectroscopy (HS-UPS) combined with Constant Final State Yield Spectroscopy (CFS-YS) to get this in-formation for electrode/protein contacts. Monolayers of the redox protein Azurin, (Az) and its Apo-form on Au substrates, have HOMO onset energies, obtained from CFS-YS, differ by ~ 0.2 eV, showing crucial role of the Cu redox centre in the electron transport process. We find that combined HS-UPS / CFS-YS measurements agree with the Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy (PYS), showing potential of the HS-UPS + CFS-YS as a powerful tool to char-acterize and map the energetics of a protein-electrode interfaces, which will aid optimizing design of devices with targeted electronic properties, as well as for novel applications.
A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production from Gasification of Three Agricultural Feedstocks
Authors: Yue Ziyi
Published: August 2024

This study comparatively investigated the hydrogen-rich gas generation profiles from agricultural feedstocks (Zea mays stalk, Arundo donax rhizome, and Arachis hypogaea husk) through gasification or pyrolysis-gasification process. The hydrogen production efficiency and the output of CO were evaluated under varying gasification conditions, including temperatures from 800°C to 1100°C and steam supplies from 1 mL/min to 5 mL/min. Pyrolyzed feedstocks can rapidly (0.60 L/min) release hydrogen at a gasification temperature of 900°C with 5 mL/min of steam supply. Furthermore, increasing the pyrolysis temperature does not decrease hydrogen production, while pyrolyzed feedstocks show a higher hydrogen output (an increase of 1.64% to 10.36%) compared to those that have not undergone pyrolysis pretreatment. The novelty of the present study includes 1) the comparison of hydrogen generation efficiency from pyrolyzed or non-pyrolyzed feedstocks and 2) the investigation of the generation profiles of syngas and the hydrogen releasing rate from feedstock gasification under various conditions.
For the sake of curiosity: Humans but not capuchins (Sapajus apella) collect counterfactual information on a computerized gambling task
Authors: Haseltine Elizabeth , Beran Michael
Published: August 2024

Counterfactuals are alternative outcomes to past events. Curiosity for the counterfactual acts as an important driver of learning under uncertainty and helps to improve on past behaviors by informing future choices. Humans have demonstrated the desire to collect counterfactual information when it is perceived as useful, during times of uncertainty, and even when it comes at a cost. The comparative literature on counterfactual use and curiosity is small but suggests that rhesus macaques may possess similar tendencies to humans. The goal of the current study was to add a new species, capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), to the comparative counterfactual literature and to test capuchins and humans on nearly identical tasks. This study involved a three-choice gambling task that consisted of one hidden and two visible reward values. Visible reward values were always equivalent but had differently colored borders to indicate whether participants would view the counterfactual information associated with the gamble or not on trials when they chose not to gamble. Only humans showed evidence of counterfactual curiosity and collected the information at levels different than chance. Humans also collected counterfactual information significantly more than capuchins, indicating a species difference. However, it is not clear whether this difference is simply due to the capuchins’ lack of curiosity surrounding this particular task or whether there is a broader species difference for seeking counterfactuals resulting from different evolutionary histories of these species.
Withdraw-to-eat movements of the Platyrrhine Sapajus libidinosus to the changing affordance of tubers with eating
Authors: Whishaw Ian , Mirza Agha Behroo , Marino Luca Antonio , Izar Patricia , Truppa Valentina
Published: August 2024

The evolution of hand ability in primates is staged, with the visual control of hand shaping likely originating in Platyrrhine primates, members of a monophyletic primate suborder whose stem group diverged from catarrhines about 40 million years ago. Platyrrhine hand shaping may have evolved in relation to visually mediated inhand food manipulation and hand withdraw to the mouth for eating movements. The present study examines this hypothesis in the Platyrrhine Sapajus libidinosus, the bearded capuchin monkey. These monkeys include the tuber raiz de macaco, or monkey’s root, in their diet, a food item that poses challenges in handling, peeling and eating. Analysis of video recordings show that the capuchins used vision to render the tuber into fibers and roots that could be chewed and ingested. Visual engagement was initiated as each rendering/eating sequence began and visual disengage, with a blink and head raise, occurred just before a tuber reached the mouth. Two-handed withdraws mainly brought intact tubers to the incisors for peeling and shredding and one-handed withdraws mainly brought tuber fibers and roots that protrude from the hand to the premolars for chewing. The capuchins made use of novel power hand grasps, featuring the digit tips pressing food items against the interdigit pads and palm. They displayed individual but not group preference in pulling and holding the tubers with one hand and manipulating the tuber at the mouth with the other hand. The results are discussed in relation to the idea that the evolution of the visual and cognitive skills associated with inhand food handling to the changing affordance of food facilitates its management by the mouth. This visuomanual skill could be applied to other functions including tool use.
COMPARISON OF BITTER GOURD (Momordica Charantia L.) VARIETIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SALT STRESS
Authors: Channa Musib-U-Rahman , Ali Wagan Farhan , Fatima Miano Tanveer , Ali Wagan Maqsood
Published: August 2024

The experiment was performed during 2022 to compare Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) varieties under the influence of salt stress. And three-replicated Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design was used for its layout (factorial). The bitter gourd that was grown in canal water (the control) ended up coming in first place. It had a germination rate of 73.68%, a germination index of 1.83%, a vine length of 14.64 cm, a leaves of 5.06 plant, a root length of 13.02 cm, a root biomass of 1.33 g,. The bitter gourd was provided with 2 dSm1 and it finished in second place. It had a germination rate of 63.64%, a germination index of 1.67, a vine length of 14.08 cm, a leaf yield of 4.94 leaves plant, a root length of 12.51 cm, a root biomass of 1.23 g, %. The bitter gourd came in third place after receiving 4 dSm1 and achieving the following results: a germination rate of 39.33%, a germination index of 1.33, a vine length of 12.75 cm, a leaf yield of 4.84 leaves plant, a root length of 10.35 cm, and 1.11 g from its roots, This The plants that were given 6 dSm1 had a germination rate of 37.23 %, a germination index of 1.21, a vine length of 8.63 cm 4.32 leaves per plant, a root length of 9.19 cm, 0.88 g of root biomass, from their leaves, which placed them in fourth place. In a manner analogous, the Bitter gourd 8 dSm1 had a germination rate of 31.93%, a germination index of 0.92, a vine length of 6.15 cm, a leaf yield of 4.10 leaves plant, a root length of 8.06 cm, a root biomass of 0.57 g, . All of these measurements were taken in the Kiran variety performed the best out of those that were examined. It had a germination rate of 56.52 %, an index of 4.42, a vine length of 11.33 cm, a leaf yield of 4.67 per plant, a root length of 10.63 cm, a root biomass of 1.54 g,. Additionally Peshawar, the variety that came in second place, had a germination rate of 41.8 %, a germination index of 4.02, a vine length of 11.17 cm, a leaf yield of 4.63 leaves per plant, a root length of 10.62 cm, , a root biomass of 0.51 g, These are the statistics that were used to According to the findings of this experiment; bitter gourds that were subjected to treatment with canal water (the control) exhibited the greatest rates of the germination and vegetative growth and developments, followed by bitter gourds that were subjected to treatment with either 2 or 4 dSm¹.
DOWNLOAD PDF DOWNLOAD XML FIELD EXPERIMENT TO EVALUATE THE RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF WHEAT AGAINST LOOSE SMUT IN ARGHAKHANCHI DISTRICT OF NEPAL
Authors: Banjade Dhurba , Khanal Asmita , Shrestha Aman
Published: August 2024

One of the most serious foliar diseases limiting wheat productivity in Nepal is loose smut induced by Ustilago tritice. To assess how 12 wheat varieties responded to loose smut produced by Ustilago tritice, a field experiment was carried up in the field of Sandhikharka muncipality-1, Arghakhanchi, Nepal from 5 December 2022 to 10 April 2023. Three replications and 12 treatments were used in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment. The size of each treatment plot was 2 m2, and the entire research field measured 152.5 m2. Double-digit scoring was used to determine the severity of the disease, commencing at the heading stage, with four scorings completed seven days apart in accordance with the Zadok scale. Leaf area (LA), plant height (PH), silk emergence per head, spike length (SL), smutted head(SH), number of spore masses per head, number of grains per spike, plot yield (PY), test weight, and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were among the features used to calculate the score. It was determined and examined what the mean AUDPC was. The mean AUDPC values varied substantially amongst the variations. The cultivars were divided into four groups based on their mean AUDPC values: resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible, and severely susceptible. The relationship between 12 types and the AUDPC and other features was also examined. Khumal shakti, one of 12 kinds, had the largest disease increase (AUDPC value: 859.73), making it the most vulnerable, while WK-1204 had the lowest (AUDPC value: 321.5), making it the most resistant. AUDPC values of 355.7, 368.3, and 365.2 for Annapurna, Zinc Gahun-1, and Zinc Gahun-2, respectively, were also discovered to be resistant to loose smut. No variants with great resistance were discovered. Similar to Swargadwari, Gautam, Tilottama, Vijaya, and Bhrikuti, these varieties showed some resistance to loose smut of wheat. Aditaya and Badhganga were prone to loose smut. Therefore, WK1204 performing better at Sandhikharka may be considered as the source of tolerance in further tests, while Khumal Shakti can be used as a susceptible check. These varieties can therefore be recommended for inclusion in breeding programs.
TINDAK TUTUR KEARIFAN LOKAL YOGYAKARTA PADA FILM-FILM PENDEK DI KANAL YOUTUBE PANIRADYA KAISTIMEWAN
Authors: Fatonah Devi Umi , Nurhayati Endang
Published: August 2024

This research aims to reveal the types, characteristics and functions of speech acts that show Yogyakarta local wisdom in short films on the Paniradya Kaistimewan YouTube channel. This research uses a sociopragmatic approach with descriptive qualitative research methods. The data in this research is speech in the form of words, phrases, clauses or sentences that show the local wisdom of Ngayogyakarta in short films on the Paniradya Kaistimewan YouTube channel. How to collect data by listening, making transcriptions and writing speeches. The research tool used is the researcher himself, assisted by data cards. How to validate data using semantic validity, theoretical triangulation, and stability reliability. The results of the research show: 1) direct literal with the characteristics of using the lingual unit "nuwun sewu" and the request directive function, 2) direct literal with the characteristics of using the lingual unit "nyuwun pangapunten" and the expressive function "nyuwun pangapunten", 3) direct literal with the characteristics of using the lingual unit "matur nuwun" and the expressive function of saying thank you, 4) direct literal with the characteristics of using the word "mangga" and the directive function of giving orders, 5) direct literal with the characteristics of using the word "injih ” and the representative function of providing an explanation, and 6) directly not literal with the characteristics of using the word “mango” and the directive function of request.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap jenis, ciri-ciri, dan fungsi tindak tutur yang menunjukkan kearifan lokal Yogyakarta pada film pendek di kanal Youtube Paniradya Kaistimewan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiopragmatik dengan metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data pada penelitian ini tuturan yang berwujud kata, frasa, klausa, atau kalimat yang menunjukkan kearifan lokal Ngayogyakarta pada film-film pendek di kanal Youtube Paniradya Kaistimewan. Cara mengumpulkan data dengan menyimak, membuat transkripsi, dan menulis tuturan Alat penelitian yang digunakan yaitu peneliti sendiri dibantu kartu data. Cara mengesahkan data menggunakan validitas semantis, triangulasi teori, dan reliabilitas stabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) langsung literal dengan ciri-ciri menggunakan satuan lingual “nuwun sewu” dan fungsi direktif permintaan, 2) langsung literal dengan ciri-ciri menggunakan satuan lingual “nyuwun pangapunten” dan fungsi ekspresif “nyuwun pangapunten”, 3) langsung literal dengan ciri-ciri menggunakan satuan lingual “matur nuwun” dan fungsi ekspresif mengucapkan terima kasih, 4) langsung literal dengan ciri-ciri menggunakan kata “mangga” dan fungsi direktif memberi perintah, 5) langsung literal dengan ciri-ciri menggunakan kata “injih” dan fungsi representatif memberi penjelasan, serta 6) langsung tidak literal dengan ciri-ciri menggunakan kata “mangga” dan fungsi direktif permohonan.
The Downward Spiral: A Macroeconomic Analysis of the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Greenwood Jeremy , Guner Nezih , Kopecky Karen
Published: August 2024

There have been more than 700,000 opioid overdose deaths since 2000. To analyze the opioid epidemic, a model is constructed where individuals choose whether to use opioids recreationally, knowing the probabilities of addiction and dying. These odds are functions of recreational opioid usage. The model is fit to estimated Markov chains from the US data that summarize the transitions into and out of opioid addiction as well as to a deadly overdose. The epidemic is broken down into two subperiods: 2000-2010 and 2010–2019. The opioid epidemic's drivers, their impact on employment, and the impact of medical interventions are examined. Lax prescribing practices and misinformation about the risk of addiction are important drivers of the first half of the epidemic. Falling prices for black-market opioids combined with an increase in their lethality are found to be important for the second half.
Predicting the number of road accidents involving personal mobility aids on the example of Krasnodar krai
Authors: Shevtsova A. G. , Savotchenko S. E. , Iung A. A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Nowadays personal mobility aids (SIMs) are in active demand. According to the data of the mass media, the considered means of mobility are particularly popular in southern cities, such as the cities of Krasnoyarsk region, in which 190 accidents involving SIMs occurred during the period of 2018–2023. In order to assess the changing situation in the field of accidents involving SIMs in the scale of southern cities, a model for predicting the number of accidents involving the considered means of transportation within the framework of this study using the example of Krasnodar Krai was developed.Methods and Materials. In order to predict the number of traffic accidents, mathematical modelling methods have been used as a research method, in particular the science of econometrics has been applied, which is quite often used to evaluate statistical indicators from a mathematical point of view.Results. The authors have developed a model for predicting the number of accidents involving SIM for Krasnodar region with a reliability of 67%.Conclusion. It was found that the increasing nature of change in the considered quantities can be described using a multiplicative model consisting of three components – seasonal, trend and random. The calculation of all components enables to determine the type of model (), which can calculate the number of accidents involving SIM for the subject (Krasnodar Krai) under consideration.
The Constitutional Perspective of Indonesian Social Security System
Authors: Panjaitan Saut Parulian , Emirson Joni , Rumesten RS Iza , Flambonita Suci
Published: August 2024

Some of the values contained in the regulation of the National Social Security System Law (SJSN) and the Social Security Management Agency Law (BPJS) are contrary to constitutional values. The purpose of this paper is to examine the conflict of values. The study was conducted using normative legal research methods, which focused on the statutory and theoretical approach. This study found that social welfare mandated by the 1945 Constitution to the state is developed through the national social security system: (a) as an obligation, (b) to empower the weak and incapable people to develop themselves in accordance with human dignity, and (c) in order to fulfill basic needs, both the right to education, the right to health, and the right to get a job. In addition, although the 1945 Constitution does not specify the pattern of the social security system to be developed, the SJSN Law and the BPJS Law use a mixed model between social insurance from participants and social assistance from the state to the poor. Based on this, it is recommended to adjust the formulation of legal norms of the SJSN Law and BPJS Law contained with constitutional values.
Optimization of lane based signalized intersections through vissim at outer ring road Bengaluru
Authors: Pruthviraj T. N. , Chandrashekhar Tallolli , Hemanth P. Gowda , Nagabhushan K. M. , Sunil S.
Published: August 2024

Signalized intersections are indispensable parts of urban traffic networks. In developing countries, there are many types of vehicles, which causes heterogenous traffic conditions. Lack of lane discipline, varying composition, and a variety of vehicle situations are all possible issues that get worse with time. For such a dynamic traffic situation, microsimulation modeling is appropriate. The traffic flow characteristics of a particular road are frequently used in traffic simulation research on signalized intersections. The methodology outlines a systematic process for optimizing traffic signals using VISSIM software, including data collection, calibration, and signal timing adjustments at the Iblur and Silkboard Junction, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Results show significant improvements in key performance metrics after optimizing signal timings, leading to reduced congestion and smoother traffic flow. The study underscores the significance of accurate data collection for developing and validating simulation models. The successful development and validation of a simulation model in VISSIM, along with efforts to enhance intersection performance through signal timing adjustments, have been achieved. Future research directions include expanding calibration efforts, incorporating real-time field data, and exploring adaptive signal control systems.
Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Training on Metabolic Parameters and Irisin Levels in High-Fat-Fed Rats
Authors: Tan Dongping , Zhang Wenbin , Zheng Longxia , Lin Huijun
Published: August 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on preventing significant weight gain and provide scientific theoretical support and practical guidance for reducing the occurrence of obesity. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control sedentary group (CS), the high-fat sedentary group (HS), the high-fat continuous exercise group (HE), and the high-fat intermittent exercise group (HI). The HE and HI groups underwent five days of continuous low-intensity exercise and eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise. Weekly monitoring included measurements of food intake and body weight. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to assess blood lipid and glucose levels, while ELISA kits measured serum insulin and irisin content. H&E staining was used to observe adipocyte size. Results: In the HS group, body weight, blood lipid levels, blood glucose levels, and adipocyte size significantly increased, while the QUICKI index decreased. In the HI group, body weight, blood lipid levels, blood glucose levels, and adipocyte size decreased, and the QUICKI index increased. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise were superior to those of continuous low-intensity exercise. In the HI group, serum irisin levels did not change significantly after exercise, while in the HE group, there was a slight upward trend in irisin levels. Conclusion: A high-fat diet induced abnormal metabolism in rats. HIIT effectively prevents metabolic abnormalities induced by a high-fat diet, and its effects are more pronounced than those of low-intensity exercise. HIIT stimulates the secretion of blood irisin, affecting secretion levels, and may represent a novel mechanism for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. This has important implications for controlling significant weight gain.
Alquran Values-Integrated Physics Modul: The Effect on Students’ Problem Solving Skill and Spiritual Attitude in Physics
Authors: Suhendi Herni Yuniarti , Mulhayatiah Diah , Komalasari Nur , Ardiansyah Ryan , Kariadinata Rahayu
Published: August 2024

Along with the development of technology, education today must create a quality young generation (students). This quality is not only intellectual, but in terms of the spiritual attitude and skills produced, one of the most needed is problem solving skill. This study aims to determine the effect of implementation physics module integrated with Quran values on problem solving abilities and spiritual attitudes of students in physics learning. The used method in this study is experiment with Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 2 class X MIA selected through a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the use of physics module integrated with Quran on the problem solving ability and spiritual attitudes of students in physics learning. The integrated physics module with Qur’an values is able to train problem solving skills that are needed by students in the process of thinking solutions to a problem in real life in physics concept and also able to grow spiritual attitudes as an effort to fulfill the first core competence, namely spiritual competence.
The Construction of Isomorphic Physics (FORFIS) as Gamification-Based Application to Support Online Learning
Authors: Sari Desy Kumala , Dinata Pri Ariadi Cahya , Supahar Supahar
Published: August 2024

The learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic becomes monotonous and make students tired. Therefore, there is needed for a learning media based on gamification that can support online learning. This research was conducted to develop an android application that can be used in physics learning, especially in momentum and impulse materials. This program is an application based on gamification and more attractive for students. The developed application is called Physics Isomorphic (FORFIS). This research uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation) as development phases. The research data were obtained from a questionnaire containing 27 statements and analyzed using the ideal standard deviation score. The mean score result by expert judgement is 132.29, which is in the "excellent" category. The Application of Isomorphic Physics (FORFIS) is declared feasible to be used as a medium of physics learning.
Four-Tier Test Model to Measure Prospective Physics Teacher Students’ Multiple Representation Ability on Electricity Topic
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Widiasih Widiasih , Nasrah Nasrah , Nur A. Muafiah , Marisda Dewi Hikmah
Published: August 2024

The advantage of four-tier model test is that it has four levels of questions that require complex reasoning abilities from students to express the reasons for their answers to the problems given. This study aimed to develop a multiple representation test with a four-tier model to measure students’ multiple representation in electricity topics. The stages of developing this test instrument used a stage model of The Design Based Research which consists of five stages, namely developing an assessment framework, designing items, developing rubrics, conducting trials, and applying the Racsh Model analysis with the Item Response approach. Theory (IRT) program assisted Winsteps version 3.68.2. The research method used was descriptive-exploratory method to describe the results of the development and validation of four-tier model test. This test consisted to 20 items were developed based on four types of representation, namely verbal representations, diagrammatic representations (pictures), mathematical representations, and graphic representations with each indicator. The research subjects involved were 30 prospective physics students at the pilot test stage and 79 prospective physics students at the field test stage from different universities in Makassar city. The results of the development of the four-tier test model test overall items are valid with a high level of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha value = 0.80). Based on the results of expert judgment validation and testing, it can be concluded that the multiple representation test with four-tier model on electricity topic is feasible to use.
The Analysis of Students’ Understanding of Electricity Fundamental Concepts
Authors: Mursalin Mursalin
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research was to analyze students’ understanding of electricity fundamental concepts. The research of subjects are 86 students in physics department of UNG who are taking lectures of Fundamental Physics I in 2021/2022 academic year. Data analysis was conducted based on combination of multiple-choice test results Certainty of Response Index scores. The results show the students' understanding of electricity fundamental concepts which includes sub topics: conduction and induction, relation of electrostatic force and distance, electrostatic force resultant, electric field and electric potential, relation of voltage and electric current in conductor, series and parallel circuit, and placement of ammeter and voltmeter in electrical circuits, are still weak by most students, even many students who choose the false answer but are very sure of the answer. The research recommended further research to examine more intensely and more factually about the causes of student failure in solving fundamental problems of electricity, for example using Predict-Observe-Explain model or structured clinical interviews.
The Effect of Problem Based Learning Applied With Blended Learning on Students’ Problem Solving Skills
Authors: Odja Abdul Haris , Hasan Maryam , Mursalin Mursalin
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of the PBL model applied through blended learning on improving the problem-solving ability of learners on the concept of light topic physics at the junior high school / MTs level. The research method used by the one group pretest posttest design data was obtained through the provision of a problem-solving test consisting of pre-test and post-test. After the pre test, blended learning was conducted 3 times after that post test was carried out. The sample in the study was a class VIII student at integrated MTs in one of Gorontalo's 25 cities. Research and analysis results show the influence of blended learning on problem-solving skills. The ability to solve problems can be seen from the improvement of learners' problem-solving ability on the concept of light. This can be seen from the comparison of the value obtained in the pre-test and post-test analyzed using N-Gain which is as wide as 0.77 with a high interpretation. Other influence indicators can be seen from the pretest average of 37% while the posttest average is 86%. Improvements also occur in all problem solving indicators.
The Provision of Conceptual Change Text for Reducing Students’ Misconceptions in The Physics Learning of Light During the Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Djudin Tomo , Yuragi Febriana , Hamdani Hamdani
Published: August 2024

Conceptual change is seen as a powerful teaching approach for developing 21st century skills. To determine the usefulness of delivering a conceptual change text for fostering conceptual change regarding light in physics learning at home during the pandemic, a quasi-experimental design was adopted, with one group pre-and posttesting. The participants are 23 eighth-grade students from SMPN 2 Ledo Bengkayang, a public secondary school in the rural region, who were recruited using an intact group random selection technique. A diagnostic test was provided, which included nine multiple-choice items and two distractors, as well as supporting arguments. This study discovered that students' beliefs regarding light and the process of vision vary significantly. After treatment, pupils' misunderstandings were reduced by 26.80%. After receiving the CCT, students had a considerable conceptual shift, and the CCT's effectiveness was sufficient (gain mean = 0.58). To get more effective results, CCT should be used in conjunction with any other teaching approach or model. A scientific teacher should exemplify a conceptual transformation method in the classroom.