bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural comparison of cultural mythologies and leadership patterns
Authors: J. Wong-MingJi Diana , H. Kessler Eric , E. Khilji Shaista , Gopalakrishnan Shanthi
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore leadership styles and patterns in India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the USA in order to contribute to a greater understanding of global leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper uses cultural mythologies as a lens (Kessler and Wong-MingJi, 2009a) to extract the most favored leadership traits within selected countries. In doing so, the paper explores historical trajectories and core values of each country to identify their distinctive characteristics. Additionally, leadership styles of well-known business leaders in each culture are examined to develop a comparative discussion of global leadership patterns and styles.

Findings

– The paper finds that leaders may share same characteristics across countries, however, their behavioral expressions tend to unfold differently within each context. The paper argues that without context, meanings embedded in cultural mythologies and behaviors often become lost. The paper concludes that a comparative analysis of selected countries reveals a more complex and rich array of cultural meanings, thus offering support to a contextual view of leadership.

Research limitations/implications

– Examination of cultural mythologies on leadership makes important theoretical contributions by illustrating that cultural mythologies indeed shape the values, behaviors, and attitudes of global leaders, and provide three important functions that are identified as: cultural bridging, meaning making, and contextual nuancing.

Practical implications

– Understanding comparative leadership patterns is critical in international business. The paper offers cultural mythologies as a tool for leaders who seek to cross-cultural boundaries in developing long term and high-quality productive international business relationships.

Originality/value

– The value of the study lies in developing a comparative analysis of leadership patterns in three Southeast Asian countries and the USA with the help of cultural mythologies. The paper urges that scholars to move beyond quantification of cultural dimensions to a more contextualized understanding of leadership.
iPRIMED's learning approach: preparing the next generation of learners and leaders
Authors: Matthews Candice , E. Khilji Shaista
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the perspective of Navin Kumar, founder and CEO of iPRIMED, a workforce development company in India. The paper explores core adult learning concepts to focus upon iPRIMED's approach to training the next generation of learners and leaders. This is an important topic because India is faced with talent shortages and organizations there have been experiencing difficulties in recruiting employees who have been adequately trained to lead complex projects (The Economist, 2007; Khilji, 2012).

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper was based on a structured interview with Navin Kumar and informed by adult learning literature.

Findings

– The perspective of a South Asian leader in today's globalized environment indicates that experiential and transformational learning is important in educating the next generation of learners and leaders. If successful and sustained, it can have a huge impact on India, South Asia and the global community. By incorporating adult learning concepts, iPRIMED is considering the whole learner with the hopes of developing skilled people for the world's employers.

Originality/value

– Khilji (2012) has argued that economic development of South Asia is truly dependent upon its ability to engage in human development priorities and ensure its younger generation is educated and capable enough for meeting needs of the global economy. This paper provides example of one skill-strengthening organization in India that has taken on the challenge of adequately preparing next generation of leaders for the global environment. The paper describes iPRIMED's learning-based approach that may be very unique in the Indian context.
Human aspects of interdisciplinary research
Authors: E. Khilji Shaista
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– Based upon the argument that the primary characteristic of successful interdisciplinary research lies in human behavior and action (Brunet al., 2007 as cited in Buller, 2008), the purpose of this paper is to offer a view on human aspects of interdisciplinary research.

Findings

– The paper presents interdisciplinary research as an overlapping process of collective human interactions, consisting of group composition, conceptualization, integration and contribution. Conceptualization and integration processes are particularly important for knowledge exchange and creation as individuals learn to translate, articulate, relate and relocate their original disciplinary positions (Buller, 2008). Further, the paper argues that interdisciplinarity can be enhanced through appropriate group mechanisms and practices; and successful interdisciplinary research also translates into individual (and group) learning and capability development, in addition to knowledge creation.

Research limitations/implications

– Interdisciplinary research is important for IB scholars to stay relevant in today's complex environment (Chenget al., 2009). Since the South Asian region represents extreme contrast and paradoxes, interdisciplinary research could prove particularly valuable in exploring contradictions there (Khilji, 2012).

Originality/value

– The value of this perspective is in describing interdisciplinary research as a boundary-spanning experience for researchers in that it facilitates creation of new insights and allows them to transcend their original discipline. However, interdisciplinarity itself is not automatic, but must be collectively managed through appropriate group mechanisms and practices (Buller, 2008; Haythornthwaite, 2006).
Hospitality education: sustainable empowerment opportunities for Nigerian women
Authors: Nwosu Belinda
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to explore sustainable tourism initiatives, particularly by identifying the extent to which hospitality education has empowered Nigerian female graduates in their professional and economic circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach

– The scope is limited to graduates from an all-female institution offering tertiary-level programmes in hospitality, using the survey method.

Findings

– The paper shows significant relationships between level of educational attainment, type of employment engaged in, and the range of income of hospitality graduates.

Research limitations/implications

– A limitation to this study is the relatively small size of the sample (300) and subsequent number of respondents (80).

Practical implications

– The implications follow through from the potential strategies identified in the study that may be adopted by the tourism industry for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the principles of the UN Global Compact particularly in the promotion of sustainable initiatives for women through hospitality education.

Originality/value

– Gender and empowerment in tourism has been researched extensively from a commercial standpoint. However, this paper address the gap in the literature as it relates to specialised hospitality education as a contributory factor in the empowerment of women.
A study of consumer preferences regarding agritourism in Kazakhstan
Authors: Seitbattalovna Kenebayeva Ainur
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate Kazakh rural and urban consumers' preferences for different agritourism experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

– The empirical study adopts a survey data-based approach relying on a questionnaire data collection technique.

Findings

– The paper highlights significant differences and similarities in the structure of individual preferences of urban and rural customer segments regarding different agritourism offerings.

Research limitations/implications

– The research is limited by the sample, which covers only two consumer segments presented in the Kazakhstan context. The paper provides managerial implications for agritourism service providers, who are doing or planning to start entrepreneurial activities in rural areas, marketing researchers focusing on product development, and policy makers working out regional development strategies through implementation of tourism stimulating projects.

Originality/value

– This study contributes to the advancement of the limited research investigating customer experience theory as applied to agritourism.
Successful implementation of responsible business practice
Authors: Brookes Maureen , Altinay Levent , Ringham Kate
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– The main aim of this paper is to critically review the contribution made by this theme issue to the literature by examining the implementation of responsible business practice.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on the theme issue, a critical content analysis of the papers selected for the issue was undertaken.

Findings

– The summary paper generally highlights the themes emerging from the papers selected for this issue. These are the socio-economic and cultural barriers to implementation, conditions needed for successful implementation and the role of education in the implementation of responsible business practice.

Research limitations/implications

– The hospitality and tourism enterprises considered in this theme issue operate in a range of contexts and offer a range of practice. Other enterprises in other contexts may also provide insights to the implementation of responsible business practice.

Originality/value

– The current theme issue explores emerging issues in the implementation of responsible business practice which highlights the need for further research in this area.
A survey of social entrepreneurial community-based hospitality and tourism initiatives in developing economies
Authors: Sloan Philip , Legrand Willy , Simons-Kaufmann Claudia
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to report on preliminary research conducted in seven sustainable hospitality and tourism operations set in developing economies which use the principles of social entrepreneurship. The applicability of community-based social entrepreneurial management systems as a means of fostering socio-economic development is analysed.

Design/methodology/approach

– Online contacts were first made with the selected destinations, who were asked to supply written reports on selected criteria. Purposive sampling was employed, whereby the criteria chosen for analysis were based on characteristics believed to be representative. Analysis of the reports was based on the meaning of words, in particular, in finding commonalities and differences in themes approached by each respondent.

Findings

– Preliminary conclusions show that the positive effects of employing local indigenous people in these projects far outweigh some negative aspects. Employment possibilities leading to improved living standards have resulted in each case. Local cultural traditions have been maintained and only in a few cases were examples of the negative effects of tourism reported.

Research limitations/implications

– The findings of this research are limited to a small selection of community-based social entrepreneurial hospitality and tourism projects in developing economies, thus, cannot be applied to similar projects in developed economies, where social and economic factors are considerably different.

Originality/value

– In developing economies, social entrepreneurs can draw on the success of the projects analysed in this paper for the creation of new, similar ventures. In developed economies, hospitality and tourism businesses wishing to pursue a more socially caring form of development can gain inspiration.
Intergenerational study: mirrors as a tool for self-reflection
Authors: Ridley Susan
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– This qualitative study was an exploration on the process of self-reflection on identity. The purpose of this paper is to see how mirrors could be used as a therapeutic tool and a meta-physical bridge to one's inner consciousness.

Design/methodology/approach

– An intergenerational expressive arts group (n=12) was organized around the question of identity. Following an open-discussion around the topic of identity, participants were asked to decorate a mirror with words, images, and/or symbols while reflecting on the question, “Who am I?” A post-session interview was conducted regarding participant's experiences during the creative process.

Findings

– The results indicated that mirrors can be used to connect to one's inner thoughts and feelings on the question of identity. Three core themes in the process of self-reflection on identity were revealed which included introspection and self-concern, connection and attachment to something or someone other than self, and taking action to help others.

Research limitations/implications

– This study was limited not only in size, but also in cultural diversity and disparity of age range. Although this study was limited, it provided a useful indicator for identifying core themes in the process of self-reflection on identity.

Originality/value

– While there have been no studies on the therapeutic use of mirrors as a tool for self-reflection and limited intergenerational studies with pre-adolescent and adolescent students and older adults, results from this study will add to the body of expressive arts literature by providing a new metaphor for mirrors as a therapeutic tool for self-reflection on identity.
Aging in urban Japan – intergenerational reading in Tokyo
Authors: Maleen Bachmann Inger
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a volunteer network from the Tokyo Metropolitan area that addresses the urge for senior citizens to stay mentally active and provide a possibility for them to participate in intergenerational contact as to feel included and useful to society.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research derives from literature review, local government documents and online presentation as well as an interview that has been conducted by the Tokyo senior information site.

Findings

– The REPRINTS (Research of Productivity by Intergenerational Sympathy) network in Tokyo is but one answer that combines a mentally challenging activity with intergenerational contact. The network presents an easy to reach and easy to implement diversion for schools to enable children to experience the traditional form of storytelling and help senior citizens to feel challenged and needed.

Practical implications

– Learning from the experience of the REPRINTS network could help to set up similar activities in other communities that deal with the same problems and are seeking ways to include senior citizens, help them stay active and useful for the community and encourage intergenerational contact.

Originality/value

– Japan is one of the forerunners when it comes to aging population. Yet, most research still focusses on the challenges, care and especially problems that occur in dying rural areas. This paper instead tries to take a more positive look to the future and concentrates on urban life and its context.
Creative approaches to working with older people in the public realm
Authors: Baker Daniel
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate practical examples of arts projects that have successfully engaged older people in the public realm and to stimulate debate and provide practical insights for the arts, planning and social care sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents research gathered during an international fellowship supported by the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust to the USA, New Zealand and Australia. A selection of the projects researched are included, to illustrate three key approaches to working creatively with older people in the public realm: engaging older people in creative retelling of public histories; enabling older people to become individual artists in the public eye; creating performances by and with older people in the public realm.

Findings

– The paper finds that the arts can offer a range of practical methods for engaging older people in the public realm which have a number of potential outcomes: increasing their visibility in public life; increasing their active role in communities; and exploring important questions about the public realm and ageing.

Practical implications

– Older people can be “invisible” and feel threatened in public life and the public realm, however, arts projects can offer a number of ways to increase their visibility and agency in public spaces and services, particularly through enabling and supporting their creative expression and foregrounding communication and collaboration.

Originality/value

– The paper illustrates a number of key projects from the first major international research project into creative interventions involving older people in the public realm.
Bring on the health economists: time for a rigorous evaluation of senior participative arts
Authors: Chapwell Clair
Published: February 2014

Purpose

– As our elderly population increases, scheduled to rise by 61 per cent in the next 20 years, a national panic has set in about what to do. Antidepressant use is on the rise, and the figures for loneliness and depression skyrocketing. So far, so normal and so very disheartening. The purpose of this paper is to make a radical plea to change our thinking about how the lives of our senior citizens are lived: bring on the health economists, and let us put some serious funding into studying the effects of participative arts on the lives of older people.

Design/methodology/approach

– This year the author was awarded a Winston Churchill Fellowship to study participative arts for older people in the USA. The author interviewed Professor Julene Johnson of University of California San Francisco, about “Community of Voices” an ambitious, well-funded five year programme which is launching 12 one-year choirs with low income, non-singers, after which findings will be rigorously tested.

Findings

– In the USA, proper evaluation of participative arts is being taken seriously as a means of whittling down massive Medicare costs. There is evaluation going on in the UK, but much of it is flawed, usually down to cost. Evaluations generally consist of questionnaires filled in by participants. Findings centre around the psychological arena, rather than physical aspects (balance, hospital visits).

Originality/value

– It is imperative that one starts thinking about participative arts for seniors in a scientific and serious way. The alternative – roomfuls of elders on antidepressants (the UK's antidepressant use was up 23 per cent between 2010 and 2011) does not bear thinking about.
How does the host‐specialized aphid deal with food deficiency?
Authors: Xu Ting‐Ting , Ma Ting‐Ting , Liu Xiang‐Dong
Published: February 2014

Aphis gossypii Glover shows obvious host specialization, with cucurbit‐ and cotton‐specialized biotypes or host races in many regions. Because its annual natal host crops senesce earlier the cucurbit‐specialized biotype may suffer food deficiency. The method this biotype uses to overcome this challenge is still poorly understood. In order to understand the potential of the cucurbit‐specialized biotype aphids in host shift and usage, the performance of this biotype on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), a common but poor quality host plant, was explored in this study. The cucurbit‐specialized aphids could establish populations on cotton only when these plants had at least nine leaves, and subsequent populations developed rather slowly. The presence of whitefly populations on cotton improved the success rate of cucurbit‐specialized aphids. The cucurbit‐specialized aphids were mainly distributed on the older leaves of cotton, with only a few settling on the upper leaves. The cucurbit‐specialized aphids reared on cotton for 40, 54 and 61 days still maintained strong preference for their natal host plant, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), rather than cotton, and their net reproductive rates and intrinsic rates of natural increase were dramatically lower when they were transferred onto new six‐leaf cotton plants or detached leaves. Therefore, we concluded that the cucurbit‐specialized aphids have the potential to utilize mature or whitefly‐stressed cotton plants, but that this feeding experience on cotton did not alter their specialization for cucurbits. Some cotton plants could act as a temporary host for the cucurbit‐specialized aphids to overcome food deficiency arising from senescing cucurbits.
10Be dating of the Main Terrace level in the Amblève valley (Ardennes, Belgium): new age constraint on the archaeological and palaeontological filling of the Belle‐Roche palaeokarst
Authors: Rixhon Gilles , Bourlès Didier L. , Braucher Régis , Siame Lionel , Cordy Jean‐Marie , Demoulin Alain
Published: February 2014

It is still disputed whether very old archaeological and palaeontological remains found in the Belle‐Roche palaeocave (eastern Belgium) pertain to the Early (∼1 Ma) or Middle (∼0.5 Ma) Pleistocene. Here, in situ‐produced cosmogenic 10Be concentrations from a depth profile in nearby sediments of the Belle‐Roche terrace (Amblève Main Terrace level) are used as an indirect solution of this chronological issue. The distribution of 10Be concentrations in the upper 3 m of this profile displays the theoretically expected exponential decrease with depth. Assuming a single exposure episode, we obtain a best fit age of 222.5±31 ka for the time of terrace abandonment. However, below 3 m, the 10Be concentrations show a marked progressive increase with depth. This distinctive cosmogenic signal is interpreted as the result of slow aggradation of the fluvial deposits over a lengthy interval. Modelling of the whole profile thus suggests that the onset of the terrace formation occurred at around 550 ka, with a sediment accumulation rate of ∼20 mm ka−1. Based on two slightly different reconstructions of the geomorphic evolution of the area and a discussion of the temporal link between the cave and Main Terrace levels, we conclude that the fossil‐bearing layers in the palaeokarst pertain most probably to MIS 14–13, or possibly MIS 12–11. This age estimate for the large mammal association identified in the Belle‐Roche palaeokarst and the attribution to MIS 14–13 of a similar fauna found in the lowermost fossiliferous layers of the Caune de l'Arago (Tautavel) are in mutual support. Our results therefore confirm the status of the Belle‐Roche site as a reference site for the Cromerian mammal association in NW Europe.
Discovery of the Highly Potent Fluoroquinolone‐Based Benzothiazolyl‐4‐thiazolidinone Hybrids as Antibacterials
Authors: Patel Rahul V. , Park Se Won
Published: February 2014

A new series of fluoroquinolone‐based benzothiazolyl‐4‐thiazolidinone hybrids has been yielded via sulfated tungstate‐promoted highly accelerated N‐formylation at a piperazine residue of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin entities. The formylated fluoroquinolone moieties were then coupled with substituted 2‐aminobenzothiazoles, which were generated from their respective para‐substituted amines to form corresponding Schiff base intermediates. The Schiff bases were then treated with thioglycolic acid to equip a new class of 4‐thiazolidinones to be analyzed for their antibacterial effects against two Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains and were found highly potent with lowest Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), 1–2 μg/mL, that is, more potent than control drugs ciprofloxacin (3.12–6.25 μg/mL). Initial outcomes provided for these novel molecular systems will aid researchers to design and develop new antibacterial drugs. The structural assignments of the new products were done on the basis of FT‐IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
In vitro Evaluation of Doxorubicin‐Incorporated Magnetic Albumin Nanospheres
Authors: Zeybek Ayça , Şanlı‐Mohamed Gülşah , Ak Güliz , Yılmaz Habibe , Şanlıer Şenay H.
Published: February 2014

Magnetic albumin nanospheres that incorporate doxorubicin (M‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs) were prepared previously by our research group to develop magnetically responsive drug carrier system. This nanocarrier was synthesized as a drug delivery system for targeted chemotherapy. In this work, cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded/unloaded or magnetic/non‐magnetic nanoparticles and free DOX against PC‐3 cells and A549 cells were determined with the MTT test and the results were compared with each other. DOX‐loaded magnetic albumin nanospheres (M‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs) were found more cytotoxic than other formulations. The quantitative data obtained from flow cytometry analysis further verified the higher targeting and killing ability of M‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs than free DOX on both of the cancer cell lines. Additionally, the results of cell cycle analysis have showed that M‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs affected G1 and G2 phases. Finally, cell images were obtained using spin‐disk confocal microscopy, and cellular uptake of M‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs was visualized. The findings of this study suggest that M‐DOX‐BSA‐NPs represent a potential doxorubicin delivery system for targeted drug transport into prostate and lung cancer cells.
Pharmacodynamics of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Japanese and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled on sulphonylureas with/without metformin
Authors: Seino Y. , Takami A. , Boka G. , Niemoeller E. , Raccah D. ,   on behalf of the PDY6797 investigators
Published: February 2014

Aims

The PDY6797 study evaluated efficacy, safety and pharmacodynamics of lixisenatide in Japanese and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) insufficiently controlled with sulphonylureas with/without metformin.

Methods

This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial comprised a single‐dose assessment of lixisenatide 5 and 10 µg, and a 5‐ to 6‐week repeated dose‐escalation assessment of lixisenatide 5 to 30 µg once (QD) or twice daily (BID). The primary endpoint was change in postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) area under the curve (AUC)[0:29–4:30 h] after a standardized breakfast at the highest tolerated lixisenatide dose. Change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 2‐h PPG and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were assessed, as were adverse events.

Results

Change from baseline in PPG AUC[0:29–4:30 h] with lixisenatide QD and BID was significantly greater than placebo (p < 0.0001 for all study populations), with particularly prominent effects in Japanese patients. Greater reductions in PPG AUC[0:29–4:30 h] were seen with lixisenatide QD versus BID, while the totality of evidence suggested that the lixisenatide 20 µg dose was optimal. In the overall population, changes from baseline for 2‐h PPG, HbA1c and FPG were significant with lixisenatide QD and BID versus placebo (p < 0.01 for all). Lixisenatide was well tolerated.

Conclusions

Lixisenatide significantly reduced PPG AUC[0:29–4:30 h] versus placebo at the highest well‐tolerated dose in patients with T2DM treated with sulphonylureas with/without metformin and had a good safety and tolerability profile. Japanese patients experienced particular benefits with lixisenatide in terms of reductions in PPG excursions.
Tipping and Option Trading
Authors: Lung Pei Peter , Xu Pisun
Published: February 2014

This study examines options’ market behavior before analysts’ initiations. We find abnormal trading activity in the options market several days prior to the release of analysts’ initiations. Informed traders recognize the content and timing of the initial recommendations. We determine that informed trading is attributed to information leakage rather than savvy investors’ stock‐picking ability. We also find a significant information transmission from the options market to the underlying equity market around the event. Our results are consistent with the tipping hypothesis and confirm the informational role of equity options.
Archaeobotanical evidence for climate as a driver of ecological community change across the anthropocene boundary
Authors: Ellis Christopher J. , Yahr Rebecca , Belinchón Rocío , Coppins Brian J.
Published: February 2014

The biodiversity response to climate change is a major focus in conservation research and policy. Predictive models that are used to project the impact of climate change scenarios – such as bioclimatic envelope models – are widely applied and have come under severe scrutiny. Criticisms of such models have focussed on at least two problems. First, there is an assumption that climate is the primary driver of observed species distributions (‘climatic equilibrium’), when other biogeographical controls are often reliably established. Second, a species' sensitivity to macroclimate may become less relevant when impacts are down‐scaled to a local level, incorporating a modifying effect of species interactions structuring communities. This article examines the role of different drivers (climate, pollution and landscape habitat structure) in explaining spatial community variation for a widely applied bioindicator group: lichen epiphytes. To provide an analysis free of ‘legacy effects’ (e.g. formerly higher pollution loads), the study focused on hazel stems as a relatively short‐lived and recently colonized substratum. For communities during the present day, climate is shown to interact with stem size/age as the most likely explanation of community composition, thus coupling a macroclimatic and community‐scale effect. The position of present‐day communities was projected into ordination space for eight sites inEngland and compared to the position of historical epiphyte communities from the same sites, reconstructed using preserved hazel wattles dating mainly to the 16th Century. This comparison of community structure for the late‐ to post‐Mediaeval period, with the post‐Industrial period, demonstrated a consistent shift among independent sites towards warmer and drier conditions, concurrent with the end of the Little Ice Age. Long‐term temporal sensitivity of epiphyte communities to climate variation thus complements spatial community patterns. If more widely applied, preserved lichen epiphytes have potential to generate new baseline conditions of environment and biodiversity for preindustrial lowlandEurope.
On the Dynamics and Multiple Equilibria of an Inverted Flexible Pendulum With Tip Mass on a Cart
Authors: Patil Ojas , Gandhi Prasanna
Published: February 2014

Flexible link systems are increasingly becoming popular for advantages like superior performance in micro/nanopositioning, less weight, compact design, lower power requirements, and so on. The dynamics of distributed and lumped parameter flexible link systems, especially those in vertical planes are difficult to capture with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and pose a challenge to control. A representative case, an inverted flexible pendulum with tip mass on a cart system, is considered in this paper. A dynamic model for this system from a control perspective is developed using an Euler Lagrange formulation. The major difference between the proposed method and several previous attempts is the use of length constraint, large deformations, and tip mass considered together. The proposed dynamic equations are demonstrated to display an odd number of multiple equilibria based on nondimensional quantity dependent on tip mass. Furthermore, the equilibrium solutions thus obtained are shown to compare fairly with static solutions obtained using elastica theory. The system is demonstrated to exhibit chaotic behavior similar to that previously observed for vibrating elastic beam without tip mass. Finally, the dynamic model is validated with experimental data for a couple of cases of beam excitation.
A Data-Driven Methodology for Fault Detection in Electromechanical Actuators
Authors: Chirico Anthony J. , Kolodziej Jason R.
Published: February 2014

This research investigates a novel data-driven approach to condition monitoring of electromechanical actuators (EMAs) consisting of feature extraction and fault classification. The approach is able to accommodate time-varying loads and speeds since EMAs typically operate under nonsteady conditions. The feature extraction process exposes fault frequencies in signal data that are synchronous with motor position through a series of signal processing techniques. A resulting reduced dimension feature is then used to determine the condition with a trained Bayesian classifier. The approach is based on signal analysis in the frequency domain of inherent EMA signals and accelerometers. For this work, two common failure modes, bearing and ball screw faults, are seeded on a MOOG MaxForce EMA. The EMA is then loaded using active and passive load cells with measurements collected via a dSPACE data acquisition and control system. Typical position commands and loads are utilized to simulate “real-world” inputs and disturbances and laboratory results show that actuator condition can be determined over a range of inputs. Although the process is developed for EMAs, it can be used generically on other rotating machine applications as a Health and Usage Management System (HUMS) tool.
Recursive Identification of the Dynamic Behavior in a Distillation Column by Means of Autoregressive Models
Authors: Aggoune Lakhdar , Chetouani Yahya , Radjeai Hammoud
Published: February 2014

In this study, an Autoregressive with eXogenous input (ARX) model and an Autoregressive Moving Average with eXogenous input (ARMAX) model are developed to predict the overhead temperature of a distillation column. The model parameters are estimated using the recursive algorithms. In order to select an optimal model for the process, different performance measures, such as Aikeke's Information Criterion (AIC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), are calculated.
Lagrangian Magnetic Particle Tracking Through Stenosed Artery Under Pulsatile Flow Condition
Authors: Bose Sayan , Datta Amitava , Ganguly Ranjan , Banerjee Moloy
Published: February 2014

Drug delivery technologies are an important area within biomedicine. Targeted drug delivery aims to reduce the undesired side effects of drug usage by directing or capturing the active agents near a desired site within the body. This is particularly beneficial in, for instance, cancer chemotherapy, where the side effects of general (systemic) drug administration can be severe. Herein, a numerical investigation of unsteady magnetic drug targeting (MDT) using functionalized magnetic microspheres in partly occluded blood vessels is presented considering the effects of particle-fluid coupling on the transport and capture of the magnetic particles. An Eulerian–Lagrangian technique is adopted to resolve the hemodynamic flow and the motion of the magnetic particles in the flow using ansys fluent. An implantable cylindrical permanent magnet insert is used to create the requisite magnetic field. Targeted transport of the magnetic particles in a partly occluded vessel differs distinctly from the same in a regular unblocked vessel. Parametric investigation is conducted and the influence of the flow Re, magnetic insert diameter, and its radial and axial position on the “targeting efficiency” is reported. Analysis shows that there exists an optimum regime of operating parameters for which deposition of the drug-carrying magnetic particles in a predesignated target zone on the partly occluded vessel wall can be maximized. The results provide useful design bases for in vitro set up for the investigation of MDT in stenosed blood vessels.
Singular Stress Fields in Anisotropic Bonded Joints Considering Interface Stress and Interface Elasticity
Authors: Koguchi Hideo , Suzuki Nubuyasu
Published: February 2014

Surface stress and surface elasticity are related to the organization of surface morphology, surface patterns, and surface atomic structures. As the size of the structure approaches the nanometer level, the surface-to-volume ratio increases. Generally the surface energy in deformable solids depends on the surface strain. The surface stress and elasticity influence the distribution of bulk stress near the surface. Interface stress and elasticity also exist at material interfaces and determine the interface properties. In the present study, the singular stress at a wedge corner in an anisotropic two-dimensional joint under tensile loading is analyzed using the molecular dynamic (MD) method and the anisotropic elasticity theory using a boundary condition with interface stress and interface elasticity. Not only the interface stress but also surface stress on the free surface are considered as a special case of an interface. The interface stress and interface elasticity are obtained through the MD analysis. In the case of a two-dimensional joint, the interface stress and elasticity depend on the distance from the wedge corner. In the analysis of anisotropic elasticity, the eigenequation used to determine the order of the stress singularity is newly derived using a boundary condition that considers the interface stress and interface elasticity. The order of the stress singularity varies with distance from the wedge corner. The stress distribution near the wedge corner can be expressed by the relation between the order of the stress singularity and the distance from the wedge corner.
Numerical Simulation of Water-Entry and Sedimentation of an Elliptic Cylinder Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics Method
Authors: Saghatchi Roozbeh , Ghazanfarian Jafar , Gorji-Bandpy Mofid
Published: February 2014

This paper studies the two-dimensional water-entry and sedimentation of an elliptic cylinder using the subparticle scale (SPS) turbulence model of a Lagrangian particle-based smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The motion of the body is driven by the hydrodynamic forces and the gravity. The present study shows the ability of the SPH method for the simulation of free-surface-involving and multiphase flow problems. The full Navier–Stokes equation, along with the continuity equation, have been solved as the governing equations of the problem. The accuracy of the numerical code is verified using the case of the water-entry and exit of a circular cylinder. The numerical simulations of the water-entry and sedimentation of the vertical and horizontal elliptic cylinder with the diameter ratio of 0.75 are performed at the Froude numbers of 0, 2, 5, and 8, and the specific gravities of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 1.75, 2, and 2.5. The effect of the governing parameters and vortex shedding behind the elliptic cylinder on the trajectory curves, velocity components within the flow field, rotation angle, the velocity of ellipse, and the deformation of free-surface have been investigated in detail.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Effectiveness in Multiperforated Plates for Combustor Liner Effusion Cooling
Authors: Andreini Antonio , Facchini Bruno , Picchi Alessio , Tarchi Lorenzo , Turrini Fabio
Published: February 2014

State-of-the-art liner cooling technology for modern combustors is represented by effusion cooling (or full-coverage film cooling). Effusion is a very efficient cooling strategy based on the use of multiperforated liners, where the metal temperature is lowered by the combined protective effect of the coolant film and heat removal through forced convection inside each hole. The aim of this experimental campaign is the evaluation of the thermal performance of multiperforated liners with geometrical and fluid-dynamic parameters ranging among typical combustor engine values. Results were obtained as the adiabatic film effectiveness following the mass transfer analogy by the use of pressure sensitive paint, while the local values of the overall effectiveness were obtained by eight thermocouples housed in as many dead holes about 2 mm below the investigated surface. Concerning the tested geometries, different porosity levels were considered: such values were obtained by both increasing the hole diameter and pattern spacing. Then the effect of the hole inclination and aspect ratio pattern shape were tested to assess the impact of typical cooling system features. Seven multiperforated planar plates, reproducing the effusion arrays of real combustor liners, were tested, imposing six blowing ratios in the range 0.5–5. Additional experiments were performed in order to explore the effect of the density ratio (DR=1;1.5) on the film effectiveness. Test samples were made of stainless steel (AISI304) in order to achieve the Biot number similitude for the overall effectiveness tests. To extend the validity of the survey a correlative analysis was performed to point out, in an indirect way, the augmentation of the hot side heat transfer coefficient due to effusion jets. Finallyv,in order to address the thermal behavior of the different geometries in the presence of gas side radiation, additional simulations were performed considering different levels of radiative heat flux.
Transient Flow in Natural Gas Pipelines Using Implicit Finite Difference Schemes
Authors: Helgaker Jan Fredrik , Müller Bernhard , Ytrehus Tor
Published: February 2014

Transmission of natural gas through high pressure pipelines has been modeled by numerically solving the governing equations for one-dimensional compressible flow using implicit finite difference methods. In the first case the backward Euler method is considered using both standard first-order upwind and second-order centered differences for the spatial derivatives. The first-order upwind approximation, which is a one-sided approximation, is found to be unstable for CFL numbers less than 1, while the centered difference approximation is stable for any CFL number. In the second case a cell centered method is considered where flow values are calculated at the midpoint between grid points. This method is also stable for any CFL number. However, for a discontinuous change in inlet temperature, the method is observed to introduce unphysical oscillations in the temperature profile along the pipeline. A solution strategy where the hydraulic and thermal models are solved separately using different discretization techniques is suggested. Such a solution strategy does not introduce unphysical oscillations for discontinuous changes in inlet boundary conditions and is found to be stable for any CFL number. The one-dimensional flow model is validated using operational data from a high pressure natural gas pipeline.
UCPD Model for Pb-Free Solder
Authors: Neilsen Michael K. , Vianco Paul T.
Published: February 2014

A unified creep plasticity damage (UCPD) model for eutectic Sn-Pb and Pb-free solders was developed and implemented into finite element analysis codes. The new model will be described along with the relationship between the model's damage evolution equation and an empirical Coffin–Manson relationship for solder fatigue. Next, developments needed to model crack initiation and growth in solder joints will be described. Finally, experimentally observed cracks in typical solder joints subjected to thermal mechanical fatigue are compared with model predictions. Finite element based modeling is particularly suited for predicting solder joint fatigue of advanced electronics packaging, e.g. package-on-package (PoP), because it allows for evaluation of a variety of package materials and geometries.
Effects on Boiler Efficiency Standards and Computed Coal Flow Given Variable Ambient Oxygen and Humidity
Authors: Lang Fred D. , Mason Dean , Rodgers David A. T.
Published: February 2014

This paper examines the sensitivities of ambient conditions on the most basic understanding of fossil-fired power plants: boiler efficiency and associated computed fuel flow. Conditions studied were ambient oxygen in the combustion air, and the air’s water content. This research was conducted at the 610 MWe Boardman Coal Plant operated by Portland General Electric. Burning Powder River Basin coal, it has been tested numerous times by the authors including several 4 to 6 month long projects used to throughly understand the system. This experience, coupled with many other such projects, has suggested that ambient oxygen and humidity — normally taken as constants or simply ignored in common analyses — may have significant influence on boiler efficiency.

There are, of course, any number of inputs which might affect a computed efficiency, and associated computed fuel flow. This work separates data making up efficiency into water-side data and system stoichiometric data. We argue that fundamental understanding of fossil-fired systems begins with system stoichiometrics, and, for this work, ambient oxygen and humidity.

Demonstrated is that depletion of ambient oxygen can cause a very high error in boiler efficiency (>1% Δη) if unrecognized. In addition, given intrinsic complexity of combustion air systems, uncertainty in the amount of water in combustion air can well contribute to error. Further, this work demonstrates a technique whereby plant fuel flow can be verified based on ambient conditions.

This paper demonstrates the very real advantage of using high accuracy ambient instrumentation — for oxygen and relative humidity — whose measurements may not have dramatic affects when used at a well run plant such as Boardman, but whose use at plants not well monitored will easily justify their employment. Taking such ambient measurements a step further, this paper demonstrates a method whereby ambient humidity can be used to verify a coal-fired plant’s fuel flow.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Horizontal Cylindrical Cavities: A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Investigation
Authors: Ludovisi Daniele , Garza Ivo A.
Published: February 2014

Many processes in power plants involve the storage and transfer of fluids including water in outdoor pipelines. Under extreme cold weather conditions, water can freeze if allowed to cool down to the freezing temperature. Installing insulation and maintaining adequate flow rate can sometimes prevent problems. However, during extended non-processing times, there are circumstances where cool down cannot be avoided and heat tracing along the piping becomes a necessity.

In many instances, the need for the installation of heat tracing is simply determined based on pipe size. However, by performing accurate calculations, it is possible to determine if the need for heat tracing is real or not, thus saving on installation and maintenance costs. Correlations for the estimation of the heat transfer coefficient in horizontal cavities are not sufficiently documented in literature. In the present work, two-dimensional CFD models are used to investigate the natural convection in water-filled horizontal pipes of different diameters. The analysis has been carried out based on the assumption of a uniform pipe surface temperature. The Nusselt number is estimated as a function of the Rayleigh number and shown not to be strongly dependent on the Prandtl number.

The analysis and the results of the numerical investigation are presented and compared to experimental data and other correlations available in literature. The documented correlation has an expanded range of applicability to high and low Rayleigh numbers, is supported by numerical and experimental results and is expressed in a simple form.