bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of Eskom power plant emissions on ambient air quality over KwaZamokuhle
Authors: Chidhindi Prince , Belelie Monray D , Burger Roelof P , Mkhatshwa Gabi , Piketh Stuart J
Published: August 2019

Coal-fired power plants are considered a major source of criteria air pollutants. The existence of such activities close to densely populated areas has an impact on human health and more generally on the environment. The impact of a pollutant typically depends on its residence time and the existence of background concentration levels. This study evaluates the dispersion of PM2.5, SO2 and NOX emissions from Eskom power plants (Arnot, Hendrina, and Komati) located close to KwaZamokuhle Township. AERMOD was used to assess the contribution of each plant to the air quality of the township. This steady-state dispersion model was used to simulate surface concentrations (1-hour, 24-hour and annual average concentrations) on a 50km domain for 2015-2017. The modelled results together with data obtained from Eskom’s KwaZamokuhle monitoring site were used to estimate the extent to which these power plants contribute to the ambient air quality of KwaZamokuhle Township. The results confirm that the power plants do contribute to concentrations of PM2.5, SO2, and NOx in the ambient air of the township. However, based on a comparison between the modelled and monitored data, it was inferred that power plants are not the only significant source of these criteria pollutants. Evidence from temporal variations in the monitored data shows that domestic burning is likely the major contributor since the variability is more closely associated with burning habits. It is therefore likely that existing regulatory strategies that focus mostly on the industrial sector may not be successful in improving ambient air quality in low-income settlements like KwaZamokuhle.
Hiseq 2000 Library Construction and Sequencing for RNA Seq v1
Authors: J. Carpenter Eric , Matasci Naim , Wu Shuangxiu , Sun Jing , Yu Jun , Rocha Jimenez Vieira Fabio , Bowler Chris , G. Dorrell Richard , Gitzendanner Matt , Li Ling , Du Wensi , Ullrich Kristian , S. Barker Michael , H. Leebens-Mack James , Ka-Shu Wong Gane
Published: August 2019

Hiseq 2000 Library Construction and Sequencing for RNA Seq
Neuropathy Phentoyping Protocols - In Situ Hybridization v1
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: August 2019

Summary: Phenotyping of Rodents for the Presence of Diabetic Neuropathy In man, the development of diabetic neuropathy is dependent on both the degree of glycemic control and the duration of diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is a progressive disorder, with signs and symptoms that parallel the loss of nerve fibers over time. Consequently, assessments of neuropathy in mice are not performed at one time point, but are characterized at multiple time points during a 6 month period of diabetes. The degree of diabetes is evaluated in 2 ways: tail blood glucose measured following a 6 hour fast and glycated hemoglobin levels. The initial degree of neuropathy is screened using the methods discussed below. Detailed measures of neuropathy are employed when the initial screening instruments indicate a profound or unique phenotypic difference. This document contains protocols used by the DiaComp staff to examine and measure diabetic neuropathy at the whole animal, tissue and cellular levels. This protocol was responsible by Dr. T. L. Wood Diabetic Complication:
Neuropathy Phentoyping Protocols - Nerve Conduction Velocity v1
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: August 2019

Summary: Phenotyping of Rodents for the Presence of Diabetic Neuropathy In man, the development of diabetic neuropathy is dependent on both the degree of glycemic control and the duration of diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is a progressive disorder, with signs and symptoms that parallel the loss of nerve fibers over time. Consequently, assessments of neuropathy in mice are not performed at one time point, but are characterized at multiple time points during a 6 month period of diabetes. The degree of diabetes is evaluated in 2 ways: tail blood glucose measured following a 6 hour fast and glycated hemoglobin levels. The initial degree of neuropathy is screened using the methods discussed below. Detailed measures of neuropathy are employed when the initial screening instruments indicate a profound or unique phenotypic difference. This document contains protocols used by the DiaComp staff to examine and measure diabetic neuropathy at the whole animal, tissue and cellular levels. Diabetic Complication:
Direct cDNA synthesis and pre-amplification of single embryos for RT-PCR v1
Authors: Xiao Yao , J Hansen Peter
Published: August 2019

This protocol allows gene expression analysis within single embryos on multiple targets in either conventional real-time PCR or using the Fluidigm platform. The protocol makes extensive use of the CellsDirect Kit from ThermoFisher Scientific (catalog number 11753). References to the kit refer to this product. This protocol describes a method that converts RNA directly into cDNA without RNA extraction, which avoids the variation due to extraction process. The number of genes of interest can be up to more than 100. However, the target genes for analysis have to be determined prior to cDNA synthesis. Once the cDNA is made, there is no way to add additional gene to analyze. The best approach to primer design is to have primers span an intron in the target region. This is not a requirement, however, because of the DNase treatment included in the protocol.
Structural-functional diversity of p53 proteoforms
Authors: Naryzhny S.N. , Legina O.K.
Published: August 2019

Protein p53 is one of the most studied proteins. This attention is primarily due to its key role in the cellular mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis. Protein p53 is a transcription factor involved in a wide variety of processes: cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, signaling inside the cell, DNA repair, coordination of metabolic processes, regulation of cell interactions, etc. This multifunctionality is apparently determined by the fact that p53 is a vivid example of how the same protein can be represented by numerous proteoforms bearing completely different functional loads. By alternative splicing, using different promoters and translation initiation sites, the TP53 gene gives rise to at least 12 isoforms, which can additionally undergo numerous (>200) post-translational modifications. Proteoforms generated due to numerous point mutations in the TP53 gene are adding more complexity to this picture. The proteoforms produced are involved in various processes, such as the regulation of p53 transcriptional activity in response to various factors. This review is devoted to the description of the currently known p53 proteoforms, as well as their possible functionality.
Development of drugs on the basis of high-polymeric double-stranded RNA for antiviral and antitumor therapy
Authors: Danilenko E.D. , Belkina A.O. , Sysoeva G.M.
Published: August 2019

The review summarizes literature data on the development of drugs based on natural and synthetic high-polymeric double-stranded RNA, and their antiviral, immunoadjuvant and antitumor properties. Special attention is paid to cell receptors responding to exogenous dsRNA, the paths of dsRNA-dependent antiviral reaction, ability of dsRNA to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis ofmalignant cells. It has been shown that enhancing the innate immune response with dsRNA can be an effective component in improving methods for treating and preventing infectious and cancer diseases. The further use of dsRNA for the correction of pathological processes of different origin is discussed
Effect of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline on the intensity of free radical processes and the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes under toxic liver injury in rats
Authors: Brazhnikov D.A. , Popova T.N. , Kryl`skii E.D. , Shulgin K.K. , Matasova L.V. , Shikhaliev H.S. , Popov S.S.
Published: August 2019

The effect of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline on markers of hepatocytes cytolysis (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), parameters reflecting the state of oxidative status (intensity of biochemical luminescence and the content of diene conjugates), and the activity of oxidative metabolism enzymes (aconitate hydratase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase) was studied in rats with CCl4-induced liver injury. The results obtained in the course of the work demonstrated the ability of the test compound to reduce the severity of oxidative stress and liver cells damage, as well as to change the activity of aconitate hydratase and NADP-generating enzymes in the direction of control values. 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline was more effective in normalizing CCl4-induced changes of the analyzed parameters that Carsil used as a reference compound. The tendency to normalize the state of oxidative status and enzyme activity of oxidative metabolism can attributed to hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of the tested compound.
Herpes zoster on the forehead masquerading as an abscess complication to look out for: a case report
Authors: Ummer Femina P. , Dhaiban Tawfik M. , Veettil Shajitha T.
Published: August 2019

Herpes zoster or shingles is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection within the sensory ganglia. Primary VZV infection results in varicella (chickenpox) usually in childhood, characterized by vesicular lesions on the face, trunk, and extremities. Although herpes zoster can occur at any age, it is mainly a disease of adults over age 50 and/or immunocompromised individuals. Complications of herpes zoster include post herpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster ophthalmic us and less commonly acute retinal necrosis, aseptic meningitis, and encephalitis. Here we present the case of a 51-year-old female patient with Herpes Zoster infection involving the dermatome on the forehead, initially misdiagnosed, to alert clinicians to create awareness and minimize misdiagnosis of other patients with similar cases. It is unusual to find patients presenting with infection involving the dermatome of the forehead.
Evaluación auténtica: un camino hacia la transformación de las prácticas pedagógicas
Authors: Buitrago Ramírez María Teresa , Cabezas Landeros Maryori , Castillo Urrego Juana Idalí , Moyano Nieto Ana María , Pinzón Tovar Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación en la línea de evaluación, considerada como una dimensión constitutiva de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y una herramienta de regulación para su comprensión y mejoramiento. El proyecto surge de la reflexión realizada por cinco docentes investigadores sobre su quehacer pedagógico, en el que predominaban actividades de tipo tradicional y la evaluación se utilizaba para comprobar aprendizajes. El propósito de la investigación fue transformar las prácticas pedagógicas a partir del diseño e implementación de una propuesta de evaluación auténtica (ea), a fin de garantizar el aprendizaje y fomentar la autonomía y responsabilidad en los estudiantes. El diseño corresponde a una investigación-acción en el enfoque cualitativo, realizada a partir de ciclos de reflexión en los cuales el problema se analiza para reorientar la investigación. Los resultados muestran que un cambio en las prácticas evaluativas repercute en las prácticas pedagógicas. Promueve el aprendizaje y hace de la evaluación un proceso más flexible y eficaz para los fines educativos, lo que crea entornos de aula más participativos y motivadores.
La ingeniería en Colombia, ¿educación de calidad?: el cuarto objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU
Authors: Valdiri Luz Helena
Published: August 2019

La formación educativa en ingeniería es un elemento indispensable para el desarrollo de un mundo sostenible. Los organismos internacionales han hecho especial hincapié en el conocimiento como herramienta primordial para mejorar las condiciones actuales en que vive la sociedad global. En este sentido, el cuarto Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) tiene como propósito “garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida para todos”. A continuación, se presentan los principales logros en la inserción del cuarto ODS en las Facultades de Ingeniería de las universidades colombianas que ofrecen programas de ingeniería acreditados.
REVISITING THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL GUARANTEE IN ISLAMIC LAW FOR STRUCTURING ISLAMIC FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Issoufou Chaibou , Abdullah Naziruddin
Published: August 2019

Purpose of Study: In the modern Islamic financial products and services, legal guarantee is becoming increasing important in the structuring of products, particularly those used in the investments. As a result of the increasing importance of the concept of guarantee, this paper specifically revisits the conceptual analyses of legal guarantee in Islamic law with a view to providing the basis for the use of this concept in structuring relevant Shari‘ah-compliant products.

Methodology: The study adopts a comparative legal analysis of the views of classical Muslim jurists. The researchers examine the principles relating to guarantee, such as the meaning of guarantee, its authority, its pillars and conditions. Other principles include modes of guarantee and its objective.  The paper also examines the principles and terms of guarantee necessitates an assessment of the effect of the guarantee contract on the contracting parties, particularly whether the guarantor has the right of recourse to the guaranteed person for a refund. The researchers adopt qualitative research methodology to analyse and examine the data. Results: It was found that although guarantee is permissible in Islamic law, it is not absolute. In fact, to make it more Islamically acceptable or Shari’ah compliant there are other terms and conditions that the contract has to fulfil especially by the guarantor, guaranteed person as well as guaranteed asset.

Results: Legal Guarantee is permissible in Islamic law to prevent harm that may happen to the traders and investors, and protect the public interest.  Classical and contemporary Muslim scholars’ views are that guarantee is not limited to guarantee for debt, but extended to the guarantee for other commercial transactions like guarantee of future liability and physical punishment.  Guarantee has its own pillars and conditions, which should be met in order for a guarantee contract to be a valid one. The researchers suggest to conduct empirical research in order to have a clear picture on the concept of legal guarantee for structuring Islamic financial products.
A new etiology for variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome: bariatric surgery
Authors: ŞAHİN Şevki , ATEŞ Miruna Florentina , ÇINAR Nilgün , KARŞIDAĞ Sibel
Published: August 2019

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. However, the number of acute or chronic neurological complications after bariatric surgery, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, is increasingly reported. We present here two cases which developed acute motor sensory polyneuropathy a couple months after bariatric surgery which rapidly progressed over the following month. Both patients used received parenteral vitamin B complex replacement after surgery. The first case responded well to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment. However, the second case required plasmapheresis and physical rehabilitation for recovery after IVIg treatment. It is thought that minerals, vitamins, and trace element deficiencies can develop after bariatric surgery. These deficiencies may trigger inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms and cause acute polyneuropathies. In such cases, it should be kept in mind that immune therapies may be beneficial, as well as vitamins.
Hepatitis B seroprevalence in hematological oncology patients
Authors: TURKEN Melda , KÖSE Şükran , ÖZKAN ACAR Ayşe , CEYLAN Cengiz , ALBAYRAK Hazal , ARKALI Eren
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
Hepatitis
B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious public health problem today. Many
factors such as frequent blood transfusion, hemodialysis, sexual contact,
sterilization in surgical procedures, etc. are involved in the transmission of
hepatitis B virus. In our study, HBV seroprevalence was evaluated
retrospectively in order to provide vaccination of anti-HBs negative patients
and to determine HBV prophylaxis in patients with hematological malignancy.

Methods: A
total of 499 patients were included in the study. HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc
IgG, anti-HDV, HBV DNA values were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, Liason, Diasorin, Italy) with Real-Time PCR (Cobas-Tagman,
Roche Switzerland) and recorded. The obtained datas were evaluated by SPSS for
Windows 15.00 statistical program. A value of p <0.05 was accepted as a
statistical significance value.

Results: HBsAg
positivity was found to be 3.4% (n = 17) in all patients. Appropriate treatment
regimens were started to patients with HBsAg (+). There were 166 (33.3%)
patients with anti-HBs (+). One hundred nineteen (23.8%) patients had anti-HBc
IgG (+), 40 (33.6%) of them were started a prophylactic treatment regimen.
Anti-HBs positivity were reported after vaccination in 48 (16.8%) patients.
Occult hepatitis have not been detected in patients with anti-HBc IgG
positivity.

Conclusions: As
a result of this study, anti-HBs negative patients with hematological
malignancies were vaccinated. Patients and physicians should be informed about
vaccination and hepatitis serology controls of hematological malignancy and
other immunosuppressed patients. Sensitivity in this context should be
increased in terms of prophylactic treatments.
Üniversite Eğitiminde Öğretim Üyesi Tutumunun Ders Başarısına Etkisinin Veri Madenciliği Teknikleriyle Araştırılması
Authors: Can Şengül , Özdil Tuncer , Yılmaz Cengiz
Published: August 2019

Küreselleşme
teknolojik gelişmeleri ve rekabeti arttırmıştır. Teknolojik gelişmeler büyük
miktarda veriyi saklama imkânı sunmuştur. Büyük miktarda veri içerisinden gizli
kalmış faydalı bilginin çıkarılması veri madenciliği teknikleri ile
gerçekleşmektedir. Artan rekabet ise üretim, işletme, pazarlama, eğitim, sağlık
gibi her alanda faydalı bilgi ve kalite ihtiyacını beraberinde getirmiştir.
Öğrenciler tarafından öğretim üyelerinin ve derslerin değerlendirilmesi yurt
içinde ve yurt dışında pek çok yükseköğretim kurumunda gerçekleştirilen bir
uygulamadır. Bu çalışmada, Weka yazılımı
kullanılarak lojistik regresyon analiziyle yükseköğretim kurumlarında öğretim
üyesi ders performansının öğrencinin ders başarısı üzerindeki etkisi
araştırılmıştır. 5820 adet anket verisinden hareketle öğrencilere öğretim
üyesi değerlendirmesi ile ilgili yöneltilen 16 soruya verilen cevaplara lojistik
regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Ders performansını değerlendirmeye yönelik ders
tekrar sayısı ve öğretim üyesi başarısı şeklinde iki sonuçlu iki farklı
dikotomik başarı kriteri tanımlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, “Yeterli, güncel bilgiye sahip olarak
hazırlıklı olma, ders planına uygun anlaşılır anlatma, dersin bizzat öğretim
üyesi tarafından etkin olarak anlatımı, öğrenci görüşlerine saygılı, katılıma
önem verme, dersle ilgili proje, quiz, ödev uygulamalarının desteklenmesi,
açık, şeffaf, objektif değerlendirmelerin olması, sınav sorularının derste
çözülerek tartışılması” tutum ve davranış özelliklerinin “öğrencinin ders
başarısı” üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretim üyesinin
başarılı olarak değerlendirilmesinde ise, “öğretim üyesinin yeterli, güncel
bilgiyle derse hazırlıklı, zamanında gelmesi, olumlu tavır içerisinde anlaşılır
ders anlatması, öğrenciye saygılı, katılımcı, ödev, proje, quiz gibi
uygulamalara önem vermesi, sınav sorularının derste çözülerek tartışılması”
tutum ve davranış özelliklerinin “öğretim üyesi başarı” algısını olumlu
etkilediği anlaşılmıştır.       Anahtar Kelimeler: Veri Madenciliği, Lojistik Regresyon Analizi, Weka,
Öğretim Üyesi Başarı Faktörleri

Jel Sınıflandırması: C80, C10
Dijital Ekonominin Katma Değer Vergisi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Eroğlu Onur , Aksu Hüseyin
Published: August 2019

İnternet üzerinden kazanç elde etme yolları yıllar içinde çeşitlenmiş,
bununla beraber klasik anlamda bilinen bir kısım kazanç elde etme yöntemleri
dijital ortama taşınmıştır. Hatta internet ortamının sunduğu geniş imkânlar
yeni kazanç yöntemlerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Dijital ortamda ortaya çıkan yeni
kazanç yolları ise daha çok “hizmet ifası” olarak kendini göstermektedir. Çünkü
internet sunduğu çok düşük sabit maliyet avantajı ile hizmet bazlı pek çok
girişimin hayata geçmesini sağlamıştır.Elektronik ortamda vücut bulan söz konusu kazanç yöntemleri bir bütün
halinde dijital ekonomi kavramını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ancak giderek devleşen
dijital ekonomi, klasik anlamdaki ekonomik işlemler için hazırlanmış mali
mevzuatta tam olarak karşılık bulamamıştır. Verginin tarh ve beyan edilmesi
gereken yer, mükellefiyet, vergi sorumlusu gibi başlıca hususları ile Katma
Değer Vergisi Kanunu, dijital ekonomide sorunlar yaşanan alanlardan biri olarak
karşımıza çıkmıştır.Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak dijital ekonomi kavramına değinildikten sonra
ikinci bölümde dijital mal ve hizmetlerin vergisel yönüne yer verilmiştir. Son
bölümde ise Katma Değer Vergisi açısından dijital ekonomi ele alınarak, vergi
mevzuatında gerçekleştirilen değişiklikler değerlendirilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Dijital Ekonomi,
Vergilendirme, Katma Değer Vergisi

            JEL Sınıflandırması: K34,
H25, H26
Uygulamalı Girişimcilik Eğitiminin Girişimcilik Eğilimi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Mühendis Adayları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: Yıldız Harun , Zehir Cemal
Published: August 2019

Üniversite eğitimine devam eden bireylere
yönelik yapılan uygulamalı girişimcilik eğitimleri ile girişimcilik bakış
açısının kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu anlamda özellikle de ürün
geliştirme potansiyeli yüksek olan mühendis adayların girişimcilik eğilimlerinin
artırılması adına yapılacak eğitimler, daha da önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu
maksatla yapılan araştırmanın amacı, uygulamalı girişimcilik eğitiminin
mühendis adaylarının girişimcilik eğilimlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık yaratıp
yaratmadığının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın kuramsal gerekçesi, Fishbein ve
Ajzen’in planlı davranış kuramına dayanmaktadır. Araştırma verileri,
girişimcilik ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Kars
ilindeki iki mühendislik bölümünden (biyomühendislik ve makine mühendisliği)
Şubat (eğitim öncesi) ve Temmuz (eğitim sonrası) 2016 tarihleri arasında
toplanan 81 mühendis adayından oluşmaktadır. Önerilen hipotezler, nicel bir
araştırma tasarımı kapsamında bağımlı örneklem t-testleri ile test edilmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda, eğitim sonrası girişimcilik eğiliminin eğitim öncesi
girişimcilik eğiliminden anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla
birlikte normal örgün öğretim programlarında eğitim alan katılımcıların
girişimcilik eğilimlerinin ikinci örgün öğretim programında olan katılımcılara
göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularından
hareketle, gelecekte yapılması planlanan uygulamalı girişimcilik eğitimlerinin
özellikle gün içerisindeki saatlerde yapılması önerilmektedir.Anahtar
Kelimeler: Girişimcilik
Eğilimi, Uygulamalı Girişimcilik Eğitimi, Mühendislik Adayları.

        JEL Sınıflandırma: L26, M10, I29.
Türkiye ve Diğer OECD Ülkelerinde Vergi Takozu
Authors: Uşun Ercan
Published: August 2019

Vergi takozu bir
işçinin işverene toplam maliyeti ile işçinin eline geçen net ücret arasındaki
farkı ifade eden bir kavramdır. İşçinin brüt ücretinden yapılan yasal
kesintiler ve işveren tarafından yapılan zorunlu ödemelerdeki değişim vergi
takozunu etkilemektedir. Vergi takozundaki değişimin ise, bir ülkede işgücü
maliyeti, işsizlik ve kayıt dışı istihdamı etkilediği kabul edilmektedir. Bu
itibarla, uluslararası karşılaştırmalarda vergi takozu oranları, işgücü
maliyeti, işsizlik ve kayıt dışı istihdamın önemli bir göstergesidir. Bu
çalışmada, Türkiye ve diğer OECD ülkelerindeki vergi takozu oranları
karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmekte, vergi takozunun farklı ülkelerdeki
artış ve azalışına yol açan düzenlemeler açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın
amacı, farklı ülke deneyimlerinden yola çıkarak Türkiye için önerilerde
bulunmaktır.                Anahtar Kelimeler: Vergi takozu, işgücü vergilendirmesi, işgücü maliyetleri

                Jel Sınıflandırması: H24, J32, H20
Vadesiz Mevduat Tutumu İçin Para Talebi Fonksiyonunun Tahmin Edilmesi
Authors: Korap Levent
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmada vadesiz mevduat tutumu
için bir reel para talebi fonksiyonu çağdaş ardışık bağlanımlı gecikmesi
dağıtılmış sınır testiyle tahmin edilmektedir. Para talebinin reel gelir esnekliği 1.92 olarak bulunmuş,
reel gelir ve reel parasal büyüklükler arasındaki ilişkinin talep koşullarını
paranın dolanım hızının tersi aracılığıyla etkileyeceği
vurgulanmıştır. Reel para talebinin faiz yarı-esnekliği ve enflasyon
yarı-esnekliği sırasıyla -0.41 ve -0.56 şeklinde elde edilmiş, bu bulgu da
iktisadi birimlerin dar kapsamlı parasal tutumlarını belirlerken faiz oranını
ve enflasyon oranını önemli bir alternatif maliyet olarak kabul etmelerine
atfedilmiştir. Hata düzeltme modellemesi ile uzun dönem para talebi ilişkisinden sapmalarının
%16’sının bir dönem içerisinde ortadan kalktığı, yaklaşık altı dönem içerisinde
para piyasası denge koşullarının yeniden sağlandığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu bulgular
izlenerek para politikası tasarlanma ve uygulama sürecinde dar kapsamlı parasal
büyüklüklere ve bu büyüklükler arasındaki kuramsal temelli ilişkilere ait
tahmin edilen bilginin politika yapıcılar açısından dikkate alınması gerektiği
ve Türkiye ekonomisi açısından bu bilginin 
özellikle enflasyonist yapı ile ilişkilendirilmesi gerekliği şeklinde
bir iktisat politikası çıkarsamasına ulaşılmıştır. 

                Anahtar Kelimeler: Para Talebi; Vadesiz
Mevduatlar; Sınır Testi;

                JEL Sınıflaması: C32; E41; E52;
Teknolojik Gelişme ve Yüksek Teknoloji İhracatının Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Endeksi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Şeker Ayberk
Published: August 2019

Ülkelerin
uluslararası ticarette rekabet üstünlüğünü elde edebilmeleri için teknoloji
yatırımları gerçekleştirmeleri ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatına
yönelmeleri büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, teknolojik gelişme
düzeyinin ihracat üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya koyulması gerekmektedir.
Ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi, bir ülkenin ihraç ettiği ürünlerin bilgi yoğunluğunu
göz önüne alarak bir ekonominin bilgi yoğunluğunu ve üretken çıktısını
ölçmektedir. İhracattaki bilgi yoğunluğunu gösteren ekonomik karmaşıklık
endeksi, hem ülkelerin ihracatlarındaki teknoloji yoğunluğunu hem de ürün
çeşitliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında ülkelerin uluslararası
ticarette rekabet üstünlüğünü ortaya koyan ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksinin
teknolojik gelişme, yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı ve sermaye yatırımları ile
ilişkisi Türkiye için analiz edilmiştir. Johansen ve Gregory-Hansen
eşbütünleşme testleri sonucunda, ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi ile yüksek
teknolojili ürün ihracatı, yerli patent başvuruları ve sabit sermaye
yatırımları arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Daha sonra ise uzun dönemli katsayı tahmini yapılarak ve nedensellik testleri
gerçekleştirilerek değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ortaya koyulmuştur.
Nedensellik analizleri sonucunda, ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi, yüksek
teknolojili ürün ihracatı ve yerli patent başvuruları arasında çift yönlü bir
nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, brüt sabit sermaye
yatırımlarından ekonomik karmaşıklık endeksi, yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı
ve yerli patent başvurularına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi
bulunduğu ortaya koyulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Endeksi, Yüksek
Teknolojili Ürün İhracatı, Teknolojik Gelişme, Gregory-Hansen Eşbütünleşme,
Granger Nedensellik.

JEL Sınıflandırması: F10, O11, O14,
O30.
Determinación de quitina en hongos postcosecha y de quitinasas en frutos de papaya “Maradol”
Authors: Lucas-Bautista Jesús Armando , Bautista-Baños Silvia , Ventura-Aguilar Rosa Isela , Gómez-Ramírez Marlenne
Published: August 2019

La quitina es un biopolímero que conforma la pared celular de hongos filamentosos la cual se degrada por quitinasas mediante la hidrólisis de sus enlaces ?-1,4. El fruto de papaya es afectado por hongos que ocasionan pérdidas en el almacenamiento. Para su control, la detección debe ser rápida y oportuna; en este sentido, los biosensores podrían ser una opción al reconocer el analito que esté involucrado con su presencia, por ejemplo, como quitina y quitinasas. En este trabajo se cuantificó la quitina presente en hongos fitopatógenos que afectan a la papaya obteniendo valores estadísticamente significativos (p?0.05) entre 13% (Alternaria alternata) y 37% (Penicillium sp.) de quitina de su biomasa total; asimismo, se determinó el contenido de quitinasas presentes en cáscara del fruto en cuatro estados de madurez. Los valores fueron significativamente diferentes (p?0.05): entre 12473 (0-25% coloración amarilla) y 15514 (100% coloración amarilla) unidades de quitinasa g-1 en muestras congeladas y entre 21085 (0% coloración amarrilla) y 29457 (25% coloración amarilla) unidades de unidades de quitinasa g-1 en muestras liofilizadas. Estos valores forman parte de una primera etapa de reconocimiento de indicadores biológicos para el diseño de un biosensor para su aplicación en papaya.
Efecto de diferentes medios de cultivo sobre la patogenicidad de Aspergillus flavus en frutos de higo
Authors: Ramos-García Margarita De Lorena , Aparicio-García Pablo Fernando , Bautista-Baños Silvia , Hernández-López Mónica
Published: August 2019

Aspergillus flavus es un hongo que infecta diversos alimentos, entre ellos el higo. Se han utilizado diferentes medios de cultivo para su aislamiento y crecimiento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la patogenicidad de A. flavus crecido en diferentes medios de cultivo sobre higos. Se incubó A. flavus en 5 medios de cultivo (CZAPEK, agar V8, PDA, Dextrosa Sabouraud y agar de Malta) y de éstos, se realizaron dos suspensiones de esporas (1 x 104 y 1 x 105 Esp mL-1). Los frutos se inocularon y se evaluó porcentaje de infección y severidad. La cepa desarrollada en medio CZAPEK (1 x 104 Esp mL-1) fue la que generó mayor porcentaje de infección (64%), sin embargo, fue estadísticamente similar al PDA y Agar de Malta (53 y 51%, respectivamente). La cepa del medio PDA (1 x 104 Esp mL-1) mostró mayor severidad (2.4) y fue estadísticamente similar a los medios evaluados, con excepción del agar V8. Lo frutos inoculados con la cepa del agar V8 (1 x 104 Esp mL-1) tuvieron el menor porcentaje de infección (24%) y severidad (1.64), siendo estadísticamente diferente al resto de los tratamientos. Las cepas de A. flavus incubada en CZAPEK y PDA tuvieron mayor patogenicidad en los frutos de higo.
Efecto de los diferentes medios de cultivo en la producción de biomasa y ergosterol en Rhizopus stolonifer
Authors: Hernández-López Mónica , Bautista-Baños Silvia , Ventura-Aguilar Rosa Isela , Abarca-Franco Ana Guadalupe
Published: August 2019

La utilidad de medios de cultivos sintéticos, es proporcionar una mezcla de nutrientes requeridos por los microorganismos que optimicen su crecimiento. Rhizopus stolonifer, es causante de la enfermedad llamada pudrición blanda. Se evaluó in vitro la producción de biomasa (mg) y ergosterol (%) de dos aislados de R. stolonifer de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) y jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum) incubados en seis medios de cultivos con diferente composición de C/N, durante 25 días a 28 °C. Previamente, se caracterizaron (contenido de carbohidratos, proteínas y C/N) los medios evaluados. Los datos se analizaron a través de un diseño experimental completamente al azar y una prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey (p?0.05). Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de Malta y Sabouraud (SAB), presentaron de 3 a 50% más carbohidratos que los demás medios de cultivo. El medio SAB presentó de 50 a 100% mayor cantidad de proteínas, mientras que, en la relación C/N el medio mineralizado (MN) fue en el que se cuantificó el mayor valor (100.5). Respecto a la producción de biomasa, con el extracto de jugo V8, ambos aislados de R. stolonifer tuvieron la mayor producción (c.a 40 mg). La mayor cuantificación de ergosterol (0.00012%) fue en el medio MN.
Efecto de nanorecubrimientos de quitosano-aceite esencial de tomillo sobre la calidad postcosecha en frutos de jitomate
Authors: Correa-Pacheco Zormy Nacary , García-Paniagua Kárel Damari , Bautista-Baños Silvia , Corona-Rangel María Luisa
Published: August 2019

En la actualidad, para prolongar el tiempo de vida útil de las frutas y vegetales, se están buscando alternativas naturales, tales como el quitosano y los aceites esenciales, con la finalidad de sustituir a los tradicionales pesticidas que contaminan el ambiente. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados del efecto de nanorecubrimientos de quitosano-aceite esencial de tomillo sobre la calidad postcosecha en jitomate luego de 7 días de almacenamiento. Se evaluaron las variables: color, firmeza, pH, sólidos solubles totales (SST), carotenoides, pérdida de peso (PP), respiración y actividad antibacteriana. De los resultados, se obtuvo que todas las variables presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas para las formulaciones y los controles, excepto la PP. El recubrimiento con un 15 % de nanopartículas de quitosano QS+NPQs (15%) + G  mantuvo una mayor firmeza durante el período de almacenamiento y además presentó la mayor inhibición contra Pectobacterium carotovorum. La aplicación de recubrimientos basados en compuestos naturales y bioactivos como el quitosano y los aceites esenciales, empleando una técnica innovadora como la nanotecnología, representa una alternativa viable y amigable con el ambiente, para la conservación de productos hortofrutícolas.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Moda Bermotor Anak dalam Mengakses Sekolah Dasar di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Imtiyas Salsabila , Putri Rufia Andisetyana , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: August 2019

Pada bulan Juli 2017, Kota Surakarta ditetapkan sebagai Surakarta Kota Layak Anak untuk kategori Utama. Kota Surakarta sebagai kota layak anak harus memenuhi kebutuhan layak anak hingga pada skala lingkungan (neighbourhood unit). Salah satu fasilitas sosial dasar untuk anak yang penting dan harus tersedia di neighbourhood unit adalah sekolah dasar. Meskipun terdapat ketersediaan fasilitas sekolah dasar di dalam neighbourhood unit dan keterpenuhan kriteria kota layak anak, namun masih adanya masyarakat yang memilih menggunakan kendaraan bermotor untuk mengakses sekolah dasar setiap hari yang mengakibatkan adanya emisi gas buang. Hal tersebut sebenarnya bisa diminimalisir dengan kemampuan berjalan kaki anak dalam mengakses sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan moda bermotor anak dalam mengakses sekolah dasar di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa penyebaran kuisioner kepada 138 responden.Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis faktor.Berdasarkan pembahasan dan analisis dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui analisis faktor dapat diperoleh 6 kelompok faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan moda bermotor anak dalam mengakses sekolah dasar di Kota Surakarta. Kelompok faktor pertama memiliki pengaruh paling besar dalam mempengaruhi pemilihan moda bermotor anak dalam mengakses sekolah dasar di Kota Surakarta dengan nilai sebesar 33,927%.

 

Keywords: Faktor Pemilihan Moda Bermotor Anak, Kota Layak Anak, Surakarta Layak Anak, Sekolah Dasar. 
TRADIÇÃO E TRANSFORMAÇÃO NO PAMPA SERRANO DAS GUARITAS DO CAMAQUÃ, CENTRO-SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL: UM ESTUDO DE PERCEPÇÃO DA PAISAGEM/ Tradition and transformation at the hilly grasslands of the Guaritas of Camaquã, South-Central RS
Authors: Martins e Souza Luiz Paulo , Silva Elisângela Lopes da , Borba André Weissheimer de
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa configura um estudo de caso sobre percepção da paisagem. O escopo central foi investigar os níveis de identificação dos pecuaristas familiares das Guaritas do Camaquã (centro-sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) com as tradições e com as transformações que estão ocorrendo nas paisagens tradicionais do pampa sul-rio-grandense. Para alcançar os objetivos, a pesquisa utilizou o procedimento metodológico foto-teste, seguido de entrevista; o foto-teste lança mão de fotografias que representam diferentes cenas das paisagens pampeanas. De maneira geral, os dados produzidos pela pesquisa evidenciam o alto grau de identificação da população envolvida com as cenas que envolvem o pampa serrano, o trabalho típico do pecuarista familiar e as estradas não pavimentadas. Por outro lado, as cenas relacionadas a silvicultura e urbanidades foram algumas das cenas que receberam as menores notas pela população de pecuaristas. Salientam-se também diferenças significativas entre as avaliações realizadas por pessoas do gênero masculino e feminino.
Knowledge, uptake of preconception care and associated factors among reproductive age group women in west shoa zone, Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Fekene Daniel Belema , WOLDEYES BENYAM SEIFU , ERENA MARU MOSSISA , DEMISSE GETU ALEMU
Published: August 2019

Background

Preconception care is a set of interventions that are to be provided before pregnancy, to promote the health and well-being of women and couples.Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was employed among 669 reproductive aged women from November 2017 to the end of January 2018. The data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire and thirty in-depth interviews were done using an interview guide. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to determine factors associated with outcome variable .Association presented in Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and significance determined at P-value less than 0.05.Result

A total of 669 participants had participated with response rate of 98.3%. Among them only 179(26.8%) had good PCC knowledge and 97(14.5%) of women of reproductive age group have utilized preconception care. Factors that show significant association with good knowledge of PCC are history of institutional delivery (AOR = 1.43 (95%CI (1.31 -7.33), PNC service utilization, (AOR = 5.02 (95%CI (3.22-7.84), history of using modern contraceptive, (AOR = 1.44 (95%CI (1.37-6.98)) higher educational status (AOR= 4.12 (95%CI (1.22-6.52)and being regularly employed (AOR = 1.8 (95%CI (1.01-3.22). Factors like better family monthly income (AOR = 4.1 (95%CI (1.57-9.35)), history of PNC (AOR = 6.33 (95%CI (3.94-10.17) and good knowledge of PCC (AOR = 4.3 (95%CI (2.67-6.98) had showed positive association towards uptake of PCC.
Functional Outcomes and Complications of Intramedullary Fixation Devices for Midshaft Clavicle Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Hoogervorst Paul , Dam Tess van , Verdonschot Nico , Hannink Gerjon
Published: August 2019

Background
An alternative to the current gold standard in operative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures using plate osteosynthesis, is internal fixation by means of an intramedullary fixation device. These devices differ considerably in their specifications and characteristics and an adequate evaluation of their clinical results is warranted.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted to identify all papers reporting functional outcomes, union rates and/or complications using an intramedullary fixation device for the management of midshaft clavicle fractures. Multiple databases were searched from inception until January 2018. Meta-analysis was conducted based on functional outcomes and type of complication per type of intramedullary fixation device. Pooled estimates of functional outcomes scores and incidence of complications were calculated using a random effects model.
Results
Fifty-eight studies were included in this systematic review. The majority of studies report on the use of Titanium Elastic Nails (TEN). At 12 months follow up the titanium elastic nail and Sonoma CRx report an average Constant-Murley score of 94.2 (96%CI 93.2-95.3) and 93.4 (95%CI 92.1-94.7) respectively. The most common reported complications after intramedullary fixation are implant-related and implant-specific. For the TEN, hardware irritation and protrusion, telescoping or migration, with a reported pooled incidence of 20% (95%CI 14-27) and 13% (95%CI 9-20), are major contributors to the total complication rate. For the Rockwood/Hagie Pin, hardware irritation is identified as the most common complication with 21% (95%CI 11-35). The most common complication for the Sonoma CRx was cosmetic dissatisfaction in 7% (95%CI 2-22) of cases.
Conclusion
Although most studies were of low quality, in general, good functional results and union rates irrespective of the type of device are found in the reviewed literature. However, there are clear device-related and device-specific complications for each. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis can help guide surgeons in choosing the appropriate operative strategy, implant and informing their patient.
Expression and significance of protein-degrading enzymes in cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
Authors: Pu Peidong , Wang Weishan , F HAN , MA Q-Y , MA T-Y , MENG D-F , ZHOU W-P , ZHU Z-J , WANG M-Y , WANG C , SHI C
Published: August 2019

Background TGFβ1 plays an important role in the metabolism of articular cartilage and bone; however, the pathological mechanism and targets of TGFβ1 in cartilage degradation and uncoupling of subchondral bone remodeling remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationship between TGFβ1 and major protein-degrading enzymes, and evaluated the role of high levels of active TGFβ1 in the thickening of subchondral bone and calcification of articular cartilage. Materials and methods The expression of TGFβ1 and protein-degrading enzymes in clinical samples of articular cartilage and subchondral bone obtained from the knee joint of patients with osteoarthritis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TGFβ1, MMP-3, MMP-13 and IL-1β in cartilage and subchondral bone tissues were detected by absolute real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix in subchondral bone was detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The degree of subchondral bone thickening was determined by micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. Results Expression of TGFβ1 and cartilage-degrading enzymes was higher in the cartilage-disrupted group than that in the intact group. Furthermore, expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix was significantly higher in the OA group than that in the control group. Micro-CT imaging showed that the OA group had abnormal hyperplasia of subchondral bone. Conclusions The data suggest that highly active TGFβ1 activates the expression of cartilage-degrading enzymes. Abnormally activated TGFβ1 may induce formation of the subchondral bone and expansion of the calcified cartilage area, eventually leading to degradation of the cartilage tissue.
Afrontamiento y calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer de seno: revisión bibliográfica una mirada desde la psicología de la salud
Authors: Arrieta De León Ibania Rosa , Cárdenas Zapata Jesús Egidio , García Acevedo Mónica Marcela , Gaviria Castañeda Andrea
Published: August 2019

El cáncer se ha convertido en una de las principales causas de mortalidad durante los últimos diez años, a nivel mundial; el de mama es el más frecuente y ocupa, además, el primer lugar en las tasas de morbimortalidad, lo que afecta la esfera biopsicosocial del individuo, incidiendo en la percepción de la calidad de vida (en adelante C.V.) y en la forma de afrontamiento de la misma. Varios autores en diversos momentos han hecho revisiones de las estrategias de este padecimiento físico que afecta la calidad de vida, utilizando instrumentos que evalúan diversos aspectos de la enfermedad y la percepción de la misma. En esta revisión bibliográfica se halló que hay una correlación positiva entre estrategias activas y C.V. y una correlación negativa entre estrategias pasivas y C.V.; en esto influye el estadio de la enfermedad y la situación psicosocial del paciente.
Natural-based Hydrogels: A Journey from Simple to Smart Networks for Medical Examination
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Wang Jing , Chuah Clarence , Tang Youhong
Published: August 2019

Natural hydrogels, due to their unique biological properties, have been used extensively for various medical and clinical examinations that are performed to investigate the signs of disease. Recently, complex-crosslinking strategies improved the mechanical properties and advanced approaches have resulted in the introduction of naturally derived hydrogels that exhibit high biocompatibility, with shape memory and self-healing characteristics. Moreover, the creation of self-assembled natural hydrogels under physiological conditions has provided the opportunity to engineer fine-tuning properties. To highlight recent studies of natural-based hydrogels and their applications for medical investigation, a critical review was undertaken using published papers from the Science Direct database. This review presents different natural-based hydrogels (natural, natural-synthetic hybrid and complex-crosslinked hydrogels), their historical evolution, and recent studies of medical examination applications. The application of natural-based hydrogels in the design and fabrication of biosensors, catheters and medical electrodes, detection of cancer, targeted delivery of imaging compounds (bioimaging) and fabrication of fluorescent bioprobes is summarised here. Without doubt, in future, more useful and practical concepts will be derived to identify natural-based hydrogels for a wide range of clinical examination applications.
Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer Cachexia: Novel Drug Target
Authors: Dave Dhwani T. , Patel Bhoomika M.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome prevalent in the majority of the advanced cancers and is associated with complications such as anorexia, early satiety, weakness, anaemia, and edema, thereby reducing performance and impairing quality of life. Skeletal muscle wasting is a characteristic feature of cancer-cachexia and mitochondria is responsible for regulating total protein turnover in skeletal muscle tissue.

Methods:

We carried out exhaustive search for cancer cachexia and role of mitochondria in the same in various databases. All the relevant articles were gathered and the pertinent information was extracted out and compiled which was further structured into different sub-sections.

Results:

Various findings on the mitochondrial alterations in connection to its disturbed normal physiology in various models of cancer-cachexia have been recently reported, suggesting a significant role of the organelle in the pathogenesis of the complications involved in the disorder. It has also been reported that reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity is due to reduced mitochondrial biogenesis as well as altered balance between fusion and fission protein activities. Moreover, autophagy in mitochondria (termed as mitophagy) is reported to play an important role in cancer cachexia.

Conclusions:

The present review aims to put forth the changes occurring in mitochondria and hence explore possible targets which can be exploited in cancer-induced cachexia for treatment of such a debilitating condition.