bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Online Accountability of the Portuguese Private Institutions of Social Solidarity
Authors: Ferreira Augusta da Conceição Santos , Marques Rui Pedro Figueiredo , Santos Carlos , Azevedo Graça Maria do Carmo , Mendes Helena Carla Antunes
Published: June 2019

In Portugal, in order to make the management of public resources more accountable, regulations on financial disclosure have emerged. Currently, the Private Institutions of Social Solidarity, through the Decree-Law No. 172-A/2014, are required to publish the financial reporting on their websites from 2016. Given the diffusion of innovations and the institutional theory, based on coercive isomorphism, the IPSS may have already created the conditions to fulfill this requirement. This chapter intends to ascertain whether the IPSS have conditions to comply with the mandatory disclosure under the law. This research shows that there is very limited presence of IPSS on the internet, the websites reveal low maturity levels and are little sophisticated. Furthermore, the IPSS that disclose the financial reporting on their websites, are still a minority, even if required by law to do so. The value of this research are related to the recent innovations introduced by the legal framework. Thus, it is important to monitor the evolution of law compliance by these institutions.
Apps in Hospitality and Tourism
Authors: Rezaei Sajad , Shahijan Milad Kalantari
Published: June 2019

The development of Apps usage in the tourism industry is along with the rise of relevant technologies that has affected the tourism industry all around the world. In order to build a competitive brand, firms are forced to implement the information technology related functions in their core business model. This chapter mainly focuses on the impact of Apps implementation in hospitality and tourism sector and conceptually propose that how branded Apps could yield tourist satisfaction and loyalty. Apps awareness, Apps quality and Apps image are proposed as several indicators of traveler's satisfaction and loyalty. The chapter argue that branding makes a business advantage; the brand follows indication of quality and assurance to the buyer and also special characteristics that could inspire consumers to buy products or services that are branded.
Determinants of Attitudinal Loyalty in Retail Banking
Authors: Izogo Ernest Emeka
Published: June 2019

This paper tests a conceptual model by drawing on the relationship marketing theory and the brand attitude literature. Two specific research aims were explored. First, the authors tests the mediating role of brand credibility in the relationships between its antecedents and attitudinal loyalty. Second, the moderating role of satisfaction in the relationships between information sharing, customer orientation and brand credibility were explored. Quantitative data generated from 332 experienced users of banking services in Nigeria formed the final database. The study contributes to brand attitude literature and loyalty theory by demonstrating that over and above the simple significant positive effects of information sharing, customer orientation, and brand credibility on attitudinal loyalty, brand credibility transmits the effects of information sharing and customer orientation onto attitudinal loyalty.
Importance and Role of Retail Brands in a Non-Food Market
Authors: Warleta Gonzalo Moreno , Ventisca Mónica Díaz-Bustamante , Gallo María Puelles
Published: June 2019

Non-food vendors struggle to reduce customers churn when these shop for consumer goods: From simple coupons to sophisticated big-data-based loyalty systems, modern merchants undertake a range of initiatives to maintain customer loyalty to their stores. At the same time, while consensus exists on the fact that retail brands have the ability to generate store loyalty, this fact has seldom been empirically corroborated. Probably due to this lack of certainty, many non-food retailers use “private label” product strategies as a way to preserve healthy business ratios, such as revenue, contribution margin, operating profit, etc., far from the idea of developing customer loyalty to the store. This constitutes the main objective of our work: To prove the existence of a statistic correlation between Consumers' loyal attitudes and behaviors towards “private labels” and their loyalty towards The Store Brand Name that sponsors these brands.
Antecedents and Consequences of E-News Brand Trust
Authors: Ardyan Elia , Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the antecedents of e-news brand trust and want to determine the consequences of e-news brand trust. The model used in this study were tested into two news brands online, which is Detik.com and Kompas.com. Sample of this study composed of 418 respondents, of which 239 respondents are Kompas.com readers and readers of Detik.com comprised of 179 respondents. The analysis used in this study is the Structural Equation Model. Results of this study indicate that both Detik.com and Kompas.com have the same result for the research model used. The result of this research are e-news brand attributes have positive and significant impact on e-news brand experience, e-news brand attributes have a positive and significant impact on e-news brand loyalty, e-news brand experience has negative effect but not significant at the customer confusion, customer confusion, has a negative but not significant effect on e-news trust brand, e -news brand experience has the effect of e-news brand trust and a significant positive effect on brand loyalty e-news.
Country Brand Management
Authors: Soler-Labajos Neus , Jiménez-Zarco Ana Isabel
Published: June 2019

In the recent years the country brand has become a strategic asset for the nations. Rather than showing the culture and traditions of a place, the name of a country acts as a differentiator from everything that comes with the territory, increasing the value perceived by the customer in any product or service by having a specific origin. Because the fact that a product is “typical” of a place allows the name of the place to become a geographical indicator of quality. So Nations use the brand country as a tool to promote their products, attract investments and promote activities like tourism. For this reason, they are developing public policies aimed at the construction, promotion and consolidation of the brand image of the country. This book chapter analyzes how the Spanish Government has used the social media to create and consolidate the Spain Brand image with the aim to establish an image of Spain as an economic and political power among the first countries in the world.
Angiogenic and Arthritogenic Properties of the Soluble Form of CD13
Authors: Du Yuxuan , Lu Chenyang , Morgan Rachel L. , Stinson William A. , Campbell Phillip L. , Cealey Ellen , Fu Wenyi , Lepore Nicholas J. , Hervoso Jonatan L. , Cui Huadong , Urquhart Andrew G. , Lawton Jeffrey N. , Chung Kevin C. , Fox David A. , Amin Mohammad A.
Published: June 2019

Aminopeptidase N/CD13 is expressed by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and monocytes (MNs) in inflamed human synovial tissue (ST). This study examined the role of soluble CD13 (sCD13) in angiogenesis, MN migration, phosphorylation of signaling molecules, and induction of arthritis. The contribution of sCD13 was examined in angiogenesis and MN migration using sCD13 and CD13-depleted rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluids (SFs). An enzymatically inactive mutant CD13 and intact wild-type (WT) CD13 were used to determine whether its enzymatic activity contributes to the arthritis-related functions. CD13-induced phosphorylation of signaling molecules was determined by Western blotting. The effect of sCD13 on cytokine secretion from RA ST and RA FLS was evaluated. sCD13 was injected into C57BL/6 mouse knees to assess its arthritogenicity. sCD13 induced angiogenesis and was a potent chemoattractant for MNs and U937 cells. Inhibitors of Erk1/2, Src, NF-κB, Jnk, and pertussis toxin, a G protein–coupled receptor inhibitor, decreased sCD13-stimulated chemotaxis. CD13-depleted RA SF induced significantly less MN migration than sham-depleted SF, and addition of mutant or WT CD13 to CD13-depleted RA SF equally restored MN migration. sCD13 and recombinant WT or mutant CD13 had similar effects on signaling molecule phosphorylation, indicating that the enzymatic activity of CD13 had no role in these functions. CD13 increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by RA FLS, and a CD13 neutralizing Ab inhibited cytokine secretion from RA ST organ culture. Mouse knee joints injected with CD13 exhibited increased circumference and proinflammatory mediator expression. These data support the concept that sCD13 plays a pivotal role in RA and acute inflammatory arthritis.
Mind-muscle connection: effects of verbal instructions on muscle activity during bench press exercise
Authors: Paoli Antonio , Mancin Laura , Saoncella Matteo , Grigoletto Davide , Pacelli Francesco Q. , Zamparo Paola , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Marcolin Giuseppe
Published: June 2019

Different attentional foci may modify muscle activation during exercises. Our aim was to determine if it is possible to selectively activate the pectoralis major or triceps brachii muscles according to specific verbal instructions provided during the bench press exercise. 13 resistance-trained males (25.6±5.4 yrs, 182.7±9.1 cm, 86.4±9.7 kg) underwent an electromyographic signals acquisition of the sternocostal head, clavicular head of the pectoralis major, the anterior deltoid, and the long head of the triceps brachii (LT) during bench press exercise. Participants performed one non-instructed set (NIS) of 4 repetitions at 50% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) and one NIS of 4 repetitions at 80% 1-RM. Four additional sets of 4 repetitions at 50% and 80% 1-RM were randomly performed with verbal instructions to isolate the chest muscles (chest instructed set, CIS) or to isolate the triceps muscles (triceps instructed set, TIS). Participants showed significantly higher LT activation during TIS compared to non-instructed set both at 50% (p=0.0199) and 80% 1-RM (p=0.0061) respectively. TIS elicited a significant (p=0.0250) higher activation of LT compared to CIS. Our results suggest that verbal instructions seem to be effective for increasing activity of the triceps brachii but not the pectoralis major during the bench press.
The effect of warm water on the spasticity of the cerebral paralyzed child
Authors: Basson E. , Boonzaaier A. , Fourie A. , Eisenberg M.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the effect of warm water on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. The sample was taken from the population of spastic cerebral palsy children at Bel Porto School. Ten children who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected. The methodology included an assessment of each child’s spasticity according to the Motor Assessment Scale(MAS). Two variables were tested prior to and after the child was exposed to warm water. These were the distance each child could reach and the time it took to passively lengthen the biceps muscle. The exposure to warm water was 15 minutes long at a temperature of 31 degrees C. Measurements were taken for both arms and a more affected and a less affected arm were identified.The data were analysed using the Wilcoxon Sign-Ranked Test (<0,05). The percentage improvement for each arm was computed. The results showed a significant improvement in both the reach distance and the time it took to passively lengthen biceps for both arms.
A bridge between cultures: A report on the process of translating the EQ-5D instrument into Shona
Authors: Jelsma J. , Chivaura V. , De Weerdt W. , De Cock P.
Published: June 2019

There is an increasing need in medical research for outcome measures that are both locally applicable and internationally recognised. The European Quality of Life 5-dimensions (EQ-5D) has been found to be a valid and reliable instrument for describing health related quality of life in Western societies. The paper describes the process of translating the EQ-5D into Shona, the language spoken by the majority of Zimbabweans. The EuroQoL group has developed a protocol for translation that was followed rigorously. Issues such as conceptualisation of health concepts cross-culturally, semantic equivalence (the transfer of meaning across languages) and specific idiomatic expressions are discussed. It is concluded that if the translation process is not adequately addressed, researchers may be guilty of simply imposing notions of health and quality of life across cultures. Consequently, the results will not provide meaningful insights into the cultures under study.
Physiotherapy service providers’ views on issues of assistants: Are physiotherapy assistants needed?
Authors: Wazakili M. , Mpofu R. M. B.
Published: June 2019

This paper presents views of physiotherapy service providers in selected areas of the Western Cape Metropolitan Region, over the issue of physiotherapy assistants and whether they are needed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis resulted in five pre-determined categories. While the participants agreed that assistants are needed, they had divergent views over issues of name and role of assistants. The lack of both standardised training for assistants and knowledge of delegation by professionals was highlighted. The training of assistants should be examined seriously if the shortage of physiotherapy services in general has to be alleviated, suggesting that the recommendations of the national qualification framework (NQF) should be applied to the training of physiotherapists together with the assistants.
Bedrest alters respiratory muscle strength in patients immobilized due to fractured femurs
Authors: Puckree T. , Moonasur R. , Govender K.
Published: June 2019

Bedrest produces decrements in the functioning of all physiological systems. Physiotherapists treat patients who are managed with Thomas splints following fractured femurs. The patients are generally compartmentally treated as orthopaedic patients. No attention is paid to the status of the respiratory system which can be the cause of morbidity in these patients. Since the ventilatory muscles play a major role in breathing and coughing the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a limited period of bedrest on the strength of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles.A sample of convenience consisting of 15 African male patients immobilized by Thomas’ Splint for fractured mid-shaft femurs participated in the study by voluntary consent. All patients had been confined to bed for at least 3 weeks. Maximal inspiratory pressures (PiMAX) and Maximal expiratory pressures (PeMAX) were recorded using a Boehringer Force Meter at functional residual capacity in the semi-recumbent position. The data were normalized and analyzed using the student t-test at the 0.05% level.The results showed a significant reduction in both PiMAX and PeMAX compared to age predicted normal values. The decrease in PeMAX was greater than that of PiMAX.We conclude that respiratory muscle strength decays with bedrest.
The psychophysiology of low back pain
Authors: Gilder Narina
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Location Referencing Message Specification (LRMS)
Authors:   V2X Core Technical Committee
Published: June 2019

The Location Referencing Message Specification (LRMS) standardizes location referencing for ITS applications that require the communication of spatial data references between databases. ITS databases may reside in central sites, vehicles, or devices on or off roads or other transportation links. The LRMS is applicable to both homogeneous (same database) and mixed database environments that may be implemented on wireless or landline networks. While developed for ITS applications, the LRMS may be used for non-ITS applications as well within the field of geographic information processing.
Data Dictionary for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)
Authors:   V2X Core Technical Committee
Published: June 2019

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a set of core data elements needed by information service providers for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). The data dictionary herein provides the foundation for ATIS message sets for all stages of travel (pre-trip and en route), all types of travelers (drivers, passengers), all categories of information, and all platforms for delivery of information (in-vehicle, portable devices, kiosks, etc.).

The elements of this document are the basis for the SAE ATIS Message Set Standard J2354 and are entered into the SAE Data Registry for ITS wide coordination.
Messages for Handling Strings and Look-up Tables in ATIS Standards
Authors:   V2X Core Technical Committee
Published: June 2019

This SAE Standard defines methods and messages to efficiently translate sequences of text and other types of data into and out of indexed values and look-up tables for effective transmission.

This document defines:

a

Methods and Data Elements for handling indexes and strings in ATIS applications and message sets

b

Message Sets to support the delivery and translations of tables used in such strings

c

Tables of Nationally standardized strings for use in ATIS message descriptions

And examples of each in illustrative portions.

While developed for ATIS use, the methods defined in this document are useful for any textual strings in any Telematics applications found both in Intelligent Vehicles and elsewhere.
The Importance of Nontechnical Skills in Leading Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Teams
Authors: Gabr Ahmed Khaled
Published: June 2019

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the important clinical competencies for medical trainees. Since the introduction of the first guidelines for CPR in 1966, further research has resulted in more recent updates. The latest in the UK was published in 2015 by the resuscitation council. The multidisciplinary nature of the resuscitation team requires a designated leader, capable of directing the team's effort and making decisions. There is evidence that leadership makes a difference in the performance of the resuscitation team and the outcome of patients. Research performed on leadership in emergency medicine highlighted the importance of the nontechnical skills displayed by CPR team leaders. Nontechnical skills refer to cognitive, behavioural and social skills that contribute to efficient team performance, such as task management, assertiveness, situational awareness, communication and decision-making. This review discusses the importance and applicability of nontechnical leadership skills in CPR based on current evidence in the literature and the clinical practice in UK hospitals.
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A Rare Disease for Frontline Clinicians
Authors: Htet Zay , Karim Mahzuz
Published: June 2019

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare cause of renal dysfunction, typically presenting with obstructive uropathy (sometimes with extra-renal manifestations). Given its insidious and subtle presentation, reaching the diagnosis can be challenging. We report the case of a 65-year-old female presenting with a 6-month history of unexplained constitutional symptoms, weight loss and mild renal impairment. Abdominal imaging revealed bilateral ureteric obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis and so she underwent urgent ureteric stent insertion. Subsequent treatment with oral corticosteroids led to resolution of her symptoms and regression of the retroperitoneal mass.
Repensando as relações de gênero nas vivências do ultimate frisbee na escola
Authors: Tavares da Silveira Ana Aparecida , Dias Maria Aparecida
Published: June 2019

Este artigo traz reflexões de como as relações de gênero foram vivenciadas, problematizadas e modificadas na realização do projeto "Ultimate Frisbee: vivências e reflexões táticas utilizando recursos midiáticos nas aulas de educação física”. A discussão de gênero surgiu durante as aulas, em virtude deste esporte ser composto oficialmente pela categoria mista, em que meninos e meninas jogaram juntos, gerando conflitos que precisaram ser discutidos e repensados. Para tanto, foram buscados fundamentos nos Estudos Feministas e de Gênero na tentativa de compreender as problemáticas que emergiram com a realização das aulas práticas.
Resenha da obra “Educação Física e esporte no século XXI”
Authors: Campos Marcus Vinícius Simões de , Silva Fidel Machado de Castro , Magrin Natalia Papacidero , Roble Odilon José
Published: June 2019

A presente resenha tem o intuito de analisar a obra Educação Física e Esporte no Século XXI” organizada por Wagner Wey Moreira e Vilma Lení Nista-Piccolo. O livro apresenta a Educação Física a partir de distintas perspectivas. A coletânea se apresenta como uma sequência da obra “Educação Física & Esportes: Perspectivas Para o Século XXI”, de 1992, objetivando trazer ao debate reflexões pertinentes a área da Educação Física que contribuem para a ampliação das discussões. Esta iniciativa de boa articulação entre temas e autores, concedeu à coletânea a posição de finalista para o Prêmio Jabuti de 2017, na categoria Educação e Pedagogia.
A Liderança dos Países Desenvolvidos no Acordo de Paris: reflexões sobre a estratégia do Naming and Shaming dentro do Balanço-Global
Authors: Oliveira André Soares
Published: June 2019

O Acordo de Paris estabelece uma arquitetura ascendente na qual os compromissos são nacionalmente determinados. Este artigo tem o objetivo de debater as possibilidades no Acordo para que os países em desenvolvimento cobrem o papel de liderança dos países desenvolvidos na sua implementação. A pesquisa vale-se do método dedutivo, uma abordagem estruturalista e materialista-histórica para análise dos textos jurídicos. A tática do “naming and shaming”, por meio do balanço-geral global, mina a possibilidade de os países em desenvolvimento assegurarem a liderança dos países desenvolvidos, sujeitando-os a um intrincado conjunto de relações políticas estabelecidas fora do Acordo e, desse modo, enfraquecê-los.
Measuring Hand Dexterity in People With Parkinson’s Disease: Reliability of Pegboard Tests
Authors: Proud Elizabeth L. , Bilney Belinda , Miller Kimberly J. , Morris Meg E. , McGinley Jennifer L.
Published: June 2019

Importance: Knowledge regarding the reliability of pegboard tests when used to measure dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently limited.

Objective: To examine the test–retest and interrater reliability of the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) in people with PD.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study. For test–retest reliability, tests were completed on 2 days, 1 wk apart, in the “on” phase and “end-of-dose” period of participants’ medication cycle. For interrater reliability, occupational therapists and physical therapists rated prerecorded pegboard test performance of participants with PD.

Setting: Test–retest reliability was determined in participants’ homes or in a university department. Interrater reliability was determined in a university department or a hospital setting.

Participants: Test–retest reliability was determined with volunteers diagnosed with PD (N = 30). Interrater reliability was determined with a convenience sample of occupational and physical therapists (N = 11).

Outcomes and Measures: The 9HPT and PPT are commonly used measures of manual dexterity.

Results: PPT subtests showed higher test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ≥ .90) in both phases of the medication cycle compared with the 9HPT (ICCs = .70–.81). Minimal detectable change scores indicated acceptable measurement error for both tools. Interrater reliability for recorded performance of each measure was very good (ICCs > .99), with no calculable measurement error.

Conclusions and Relevance: Although both tools showed adequate test–retest and interrater reliability, results suggest that the PPT may be a more reliable measure of dexterity loss in people with PD.

What This Article Adds: This study informs the clinical measurement of the loss of manual dexterity in people with PD, a frequent problem reported by people living with this disorder.
Multifaceted Approach to Enhance Pill-Swallowing Ability in Children and Adults With Barth Syndrome
Authors: Reynolds Stacey , Tucker M. Emily
Published: June 2019

Importance: People with Barth syndrome (BTHS) present with sensory and motor deficits that affect their ability to swallow medications in solid form. Inability to swallow pills can reduce opportunities for people with BTHS to participate in clinical trial research.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief, multifaceted pill-swallowing program that used evidence-based training methods.

Design: Pretest–posttest with 6-mo follow-up.

Setting: Community setting.

Participants: A convenience sample of children, adolescents, and adults with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of BTHS.

Intervention: Possible intervention strategies included behavioral approaches (e.g., shaping), adaptive approaches, and positioning approaches. Interventions were tailored to each participant’s needs and were carried out by occupational therapy practitioners with advanced training in feeding and eating.

Outcomes and Measures: Pill-swallowing milestones were ranked on a scale ranging from 0 to 12; participants were scored pretraining, immediately posttraining, and at 6-mo posttraining.

Results: Sixteen participants with BTHS, ages 6–34 yr, participated in the training. Fourteen of the 16 participants demonstrated improvement in their pill-swallowing ability. Overall, there was a statistically significant change in pill-swallowing ability from pretraining to posttraining, and these changes were maintained after 6 mo.

Conclusions and Relevance: This study suggests that a brief multifaceted training approach, led by trained professionals, may be effective for helping people with sensory and motor deficits learn to swallow pills independently.

What This Article Adds: Very little has been published in the occupational therapy literature describing how to teach the skill of pill swallowing to clients or how to measure progress toward this goal. This study tested the outcomes of a multifaceted approach to pill swallowing that can be conducted by occupational therapy practitioners; a novel measurement approach is also introduced that can be used with clients in clinical practice.
The effects of society on the psychosocial functioning of those with a facial difference
Authors: Riklin Eric , Andover Margaret S. , Annunziato Rachel A.
Published: June 2019

Adolescents with craniofacial conditions (CFCs) may experience intrapersonal and interpersonal challenges such as a greater sensitivity to attractiveness, fewer social supports, and more social withdrawal, all of which can hinder social interactions. However, there are contradictory findings as to whether adolescents with CFCs have more social problems than their peers. This article provides a framework for the social context of interper-sonal relationships for those with CFCs drawn from relevant theoretical underpinnings. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review examining social factors that affect the interpersonal functioning of adoles-cents with CFCs. Over 35 articles were taken from the growing, but limited, research on this topic via PsychInfo and PubMed using specific search terms such as “craniofacial”, “facial dysmorphisms”, “complex facial dys-morphisms”, “interpersonal”, “psychosocial”, “social functioning”, and “adolescents” among others. Research has identified three salient barriers in social interactions: unattractive or inexpressive faces, social stigma, and societal misconceptions. The empirical studies reviewed postulate that having a facial difference does not re-sult in social dysfunction, but rather the pressures and influences of society negatively impact social function-ing. Based on the findings from this review, the authors propose a novel psychosocial model that explains the social dysfunction of adolescents with CFCs. Limitations and future interventions are also discussed.
Teenage motherhood and the evaluation of relationships in the family of origin in mothers in their early adulthood
Authors: Kalus Alicja Maria , Tukaj Magdalena
Published: June 2019

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships in the family of origin in a sample of mothers who had their first child as teenagers (off-time motherhood). We also sought to answer the following question: are there any differences in the evaluation of relationships between mothers who gave birth to their first child in their teens and those who had their first baby during women’s best fertility age (on-time motherhood)? For women, the optimum reproductive age is anywhere between 20 and 30 years of age.

Participants and procedure

The study looked at 60 mothers, including 30 off-time mothering and 30 on-time mothering. Two research tools were used in the study: an own survey and the SOR test by Margasiński (a Polish adaptation of the Flexibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scales).

Results

The results of the research showed significant differences in how family life was assessed by the two groups regarding cohesion and communication. Moreover, teenage mothers’ families of origin are characterised by unbalanced cohesion which manifests itself as extreme cohesion (enmeshed relationships) and higher inter-family communication satisfaction when compared to mothers who had a baby at the optimum age of 20-29.

Conclusions

Intergeneration issues are a vital research problem. One of those is how experiences from one’s family of origin shape the way one builds a partnership in one’s family of procreation – which later translates into rela-tionships with one’s children. The results of the present study are the first step in a research project on the psy-chological functioning of family systems of mothers who gave birth as teenagers. Later, relationships in fami-lies of origin and families of procreation of teenage mothers will be examined.
The relationship between meaning in life and resilience in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohseni Mohabbat , Iranpour Abedin , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad , Kazazi Leila , Borhaninejad Vahidreza
Published: June 2019

Background

Meaning in life has been considered necessary for the psychological well-being of older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meaning in life and resilience in the elderly in Kerman, Iran.

Participants and procedure

In this cross-sectional study, 300 older adults (aged more than 60 years) were included using the multistage sampling method in Kerman in 2018. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to investigate the resilience status, and for as-sessing meaning of life, Steger’s meaning in life questionnaire was employed. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression by IBM SPSS V21.

Results

The mean age of participants was 67.3 ±7.9 years. Resilience status was significantly different in terms of gender (p = .021), educational status (p = .032), and self-reported health status (p = .003). There was a significant positive relationship between meaning in life and resilience (r = .38, p = .012). Independent variables (meaning in life, self-reported health status, gender) accounted for 31% of the variance in resilience (p ≤ .001).

Conclusions

Considering meaning in life and resilience in older adults helps to improve psychological health and wellness and create a unique potential ability to confront the pitfalls of old age, which result in better physical, mental, social, and spiritual health in older adults.
Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015
Authors: Maasakkers Joannes D. , Jacob Daniel J. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Scarpelli Tia R. , Nesser Hannah , Sheng Jian-Xiong , Zhang Yuzhong , Hersher Monica , Bloom A. Anthony , Bowman Kevin W. , Worden John R. , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Parker Robert J.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We use 2010–2015 observations of atmospheric methane columns from
the GOSAT satellite instrument in a global inverse analysis to improve
estimates of methane emissions and their trends over the period, as well as
the global concentration of tropospheric OH (the hydroxyl radical, methane's
main sink) and its trend. Our inversion solves the Bayesian optimization
problem analytically including closed-form characterization of errors. This
allows us to (1) quantify the information content from the inversion towards
optimizing methane emissions and its trends, (2) diagnose error correlations
between constraints on emissions and OH concentrations, and (3) generate a
large ensemble of solutions testing different assumptions in the inversion.
We show how the analytical approach can be used, even when prior error
standard deviation distributions are lognormal. Inversion results show large
overestimates of Chinese coal emissions and Middle East oil and gas emissions in
the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory but little error in the United States where we use a new
gridded version of the EPA national greenhouse gas inventory as prior
estimate. Oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory show large
differences with national totals reported to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and our inversion is generally more
consistent with the UNFCCC data. The observed 2010–2015 growth in
atmospheric methane is attributed mostly to an increase in emissions from
India, China, and areas with large tropical wetlands. The contribution from
OH trends is small in comparison. We find that the inversion provides strong
independent constraints on global methane emissions (546 Tg a−1) and
global mean OH concentrations (atmospheric methane lifetime against oxidation
by tropospheric OH of 10.8±0.4 years), indicating that satellite
observations of atmospheric methane could provide a proxy for OH
concentrations in the future.
Dominant Patterns of Summer Ozone Pollution in Eastern China and Associated Atmospheric Circulations
Authors: Yin Zhicong , Cao Bufan , Wang Huijun
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Surface ozone, a man-made air pollutant, has been severe during summers in the eastern parts of China, damaging human’s health and flora and fauna. During 2015–2018, ground-level ozone pollution increased year by year and intensified from south to north. In North China and Huanghuai region, the O3 concentrations were highest. Two dominant patterns of summer ozone pollution were determined, i.e., a south-north covariant pattern and a south-north differential pattern. The anomalous atmospheric circulations composited for the first pattern manifested as a zonally enhanced East Asia deep trough and as a west Pacific subtropical high whose western ridge point shifted northward. The local hot, dry air and intense solar radiation enhanced the photochemical reactions to elevate the O3 pollution levels in North China and Huanghuai region. For the second pattern, the broad positive geopotential height anomalies at high latitudes significantly weakened cold air activity, and those extending to North China resulted in locally high temperature near the surface. In a different manner, the west Pacific subtropical high transported sufficient water vapor to the Yangtze River Delta and resulted in locally adverse environment for the formation of surface ozone. Furthermore, the implications for the interannual differences in summer O3 pollution have also proven to be meaningful.
Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex boundary observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica in 2007 and 2011
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Murata Isao , Nagahama Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Saeki Kosuke , Kinase Takeshi , Takeda Masanori , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Jones Nicholas B.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We retrieved lower stratospheric vertical profiles of O3, HNO3, and HCl from solar spectra taken with a ground-based Fourier-Transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) installed at Syowa Station, Antarctica (69.0° S, 39.6° E) from March to December 2007 and September to November 2011. This was the first continuous measurements of chlorine species throughout the ozone hole period from the ground in Antarctica. We analyzed temporal variation of these species combined with ClO, HCl, and HNO3 data taken with the Aura/MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) satellite sensor, and ClONO2 data taken with the Envisat/MIPAS (The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) satellite sensor at 18 and 22 km over Syowa Station. HCl and ClONO2 decrease occurred at both 18 and 22 km, and soon ClONO2 was almost depleted in early winter. When the sun returned to Antarctica in spring, enhancement of ClO and gradual O3 destruction were observed. During the ClO enhanced period, negative correlation between ClO and ClONO2 was observed in the time-series of the data at Syowa Station. This negative correlation was associated with the distance between Syowa Station and the inner edge of the polar vortex. We used MIROC3.2 Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) results to see the comprehensive behavior of chlorine and related species inside the polar vortex and the edge region in more detail. From CCM model results, rapid conversion of chlorine reservoir species (HCl and ClONO2) into Cl2, gradual conversion of Cl2 into Cl2O2, increase of ClO when sunlight became available, and conversion of ClO into HCl, was successfully reproduced. HCl decrease in the winter polar vortex core continued to occur due to the transport of ClONO2 from the subpolar region to higher latitudes, providing a flux of ClONO2 from more sunlit latitudes into the polar vortex. Temporal variation of chlorine species over Syowa Station was affected by both heterogeneous chemistry related to Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) occurrence deep inside the polar vortex, and transport of an NOx-rich airmass from lower latitudinal polar vortex boundary region which can produce additional ClONO2 by reaction of ClO with NO2. The deactivation pathways from active chlorine into reservoir species (HCl and/or ClONO2) were found to be highly dependent on the availability of ambient O3. At an altitude where most ozone was depleted in Antarctica (18 km), most ClO was converted to HCl. However, at an altitude where there were some O3 available (22 km), additional increase of ClONO2 from initial value can occur, similar to the case in the Arctic.
Cloud Aerosol Transport System (CATS) 1064 nm Calibration and Validation
Authors: Pauly Rebecca M. , Yorks John E. , Hlavka Dennis L. , McGill Matthew J. , Amiridis Vassilis , Palm Stephen P. , Rodier Sharon D. , Vaughan Mark A. , Selmer Patrick A. , Kupchock Andrew W. , Baars Holger , Gialitaki Anna
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar on board the International Space Station (ISS) operated from 10 February 2015 to 30 October 2017 providing range-resolved vertical backscatter profiles of Earth’s atmosphere at 1064 and 532 nm. The CATS instrument design and ISS orbit lead to a higher 1064 nm signal to noise ratio than previous space based lidars, allowing for direct 1064 nm calibration using the molecular normalization technique. Nighttime CATS Version 3-00 data were calibrated by normalizing the signal between 22–26 km above mean sea level to molecular profiles derived from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) re-analysis data. This altitude region was chosen primarily because the CATS data frame is −2 to 28 km AMSL due to the high CATS laser repetition rate. While this altitude region provides sufficient molecular scattering for the Rayleigh normalization technique, the aerosol loading in this altitude region must be quantified to improve the accuracy of the CATS nighttime calibration. Daytime CATS Version 3-00 data were calibrated through comparisons with nighttime thin, opaque, cirrus cloud layer integrated attenuated total backscatter (iATB). The CATS nighttime 1064 nm attenuated total backscatter (ATB) uncertainties for clouds and aerosols are primarily related to the uncertainties in the Rayleigh normalization technique, which are estimated to be 7–10 %. Median CATS V3-00 1064 nm ATB relative uncertainty at night within cloud and aerosol layers is 7 %, consistent with these calibration uncertainty estimates. CATS median daytime 1064 nm ATB relative uncertainty is 21 % in cloud and aerosol layers, similar to the estimated 16–18 % uncertainty in the CATS daytime cirrus cloud calibration transfer technique. Coincident daytime comparisons between CATS and the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) during the CATS-CALIPSO Airborne Validation Experiment (CCAVE) project show good agreement in mean ATB profiles for clear-air regions. Eight nighttime comparisons between CATS and the PollyXT ground based lidars also show good agreement in clear-air regions between 3–12 km, with CATS having a mean ATB of 19.7 % lower than PollyXT. Agreement between the two instruments (∼7 %) is even better within an aerosol layer. Six-month comparisons of nighttime ATB values between CATS and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) also show that iATB comparisons of opaque cirrus clouds agree to within 19 %. Overall, CATS has demonstrated that direct calibration of the 1064 nm channel is possible from a space based lidar using the molecular normalization technique.
Toward autonomous surface-based infrared remote sensing of polar clouds: Retrievals of cloud microphysical properties
Authors: Rowe Penny M. , Cox Christopher J. , Neshyba Steven , Walden Von P.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Improvements to climate model results in polar regions require improved knowledge of cloud microphysical properties. Surface-based infrared radiance spectrometers have been used to retrieve cloud microphysical properties in polar regions, but measurements are sparse. Reductions in cost and power requirements to allow more widespread measurements could be aided by reducing instrument resolution. Here we explore the effect of errors and instrument resolution on cloud microphysical property retrievals from downwelling infrared radiances for resolutions of 0.1 to 8 cm−1. Retrievals are tested on 331 radiance simulations characteristic of the Arctic, including mixed-phase, vertically inhomogeneous, and liquid-topped clouds and a variety of ice habits. Results indicate that measurement biases lead to biases in retrieved properties that are not represented by the retrieval error covariance matrix. Retrieval errors are high if mixed-phase is assumed throughout liquid-topped ice clouds. Errors due to assuming ice habit is spherical are progressively larger for solid columns, plates, and hollow bullet rosettes. Using retrieved cloud heights, particularly when errors are imposed, increases retrieval errors but decreases sensitivity to incorrect ice habits and vertical variation. Results indicate that retrieval accuracy is unaffected by resolution from 0.1 to 2 cm−1, after which it decreases only slightly. At a resolution of 4 cm−1, for typical errors expected in temperature (0.2 K) and water vapour (3 %), and assuming radiation bias and noise of 0.2 mW/(m2 sr cm−1), using retrieved cloud heights, error estimates are 0.1 ± 0.6 for optical depth, 0.0 ± 0.3 for ice fraction, 0 ±l 2 μm for effective radius of liquid, and 2 ± 2 μm for effective radius of ice. These results indicate that a moderately low resolution, portable, surface-based infrared spectrometer could provide microphysical properties to help constrain climate models.
Assessment of sub-shelf melting parameterisations using the ocean–ice-sheet coupled model NEMO(v3.6)–Elmer/Ice(v8.3)
Authors: Favier Lionel , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Jenkins Adrian , Merino Nacho , Durand Gaël , Gagliardini Olivier , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Mathiot Pierre
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Oceanic melting beneath ice shelves is the main driver of the current mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet and is mostly parameterised in stand-alone ice-sheet modelling. Parameterisations are crude representations of reality, and their response to ocean warming has not been compared to 3-D ocean–ice-sheet coupled models. Here, we assess various melting parameterisations ranging from simple scalings with far-field thermal driving to emulators of box and plume models, using a new coupling framework combining the ocean model NEMO and the ice-sheet model Elmer/Ice. We define six idealised one-century scenarios for the far-field ocean ranging from cold to warm, and representative of potential futures for typical Antarctic ice shelves. The scenarios are used to constrain an idealised geometry of the Pine Island glacier representative of a relatively small cavity. Melt rates and sea-level contributions obtained with the parameterised stand-alone ice-sheet model are compared to the coupled model results. The plume parameterisations give good results for cold scenarios but fail and underestimate sea level contribution by tens of percent for warm(ing) scenarios, which may be improved by adapting its empirical scaling. The box parameterisation with five boxes compares fairly well to the coupled results for almost all scenarios, but further work is needed to grasp the correct number of boxes. For simple scalings, the comparison to the coupled framework shows that a quadratic as opposed to linear dependency on thermal forcing is required. In addition, the quadratic dependency is improved when melting depends on both local and non-local, i.e. averaged over the ice shelf, thermal forcing. The results of both the box and the two quadratic parameterisations fall within or close to the coupled model uncertainty. All parameterisations overestimate melting for thin ice shelves while underestimating melting in deep water near the grounding line. Further work is therefore needed to assess the validity of these melting parameteriations in more realistic set-ups.