bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustaining Textual Passions: Teaching With Texts Youth Love
Authors: Jones Karis , Storm Scott
Published: November 2022

Building on youth literacies in formal learning spaces is a promising direction for asset-based literacy learning designs. However, in response to ways that academic spaces can deaden passionate literacy study, it is important to attend to the resulting affective flows of such practices. This study traces how affect was sustained and dampened in a high school English classroom that intentionally brought together academic and fandom practices. We listened to how affective encounters with the popular text Grey's Anatomy unfolded across the class, with a particular focus on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) focal students’ experiences. We found derision and dismissal of certain texts and experiences by peers (undergirded by dominant narratives about fandom and literary taste) dampened affective resonance. All the same, collective intensities were sustained through respectful discourse between fans and potential fans as well as BIPOC women's fugitive literacy practices resisting dampening practices of White students.
“Who is Where?” Cold Case Investigation and Collaborations Between Law Enforcement and Academia
Authors: Holt Karen , Rojek Allison , Mason Makayla , Rothman Larry
Published: November 2022

Innovative strategies can be utilized to investigate unsolved homicides, particularly through translational criminology. We present a case study of a collaboration developed between faculty and students in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University and Michigan State Police’s First District in Lansing, Michigan. We highlight the benefits of including academics and students in these investigations and explore and critique the methodology we utilized to review a 41-year-old cold case homicide. We argue that these teams are a valuable resource with implications for the criminal justice system, the legitimacy of law enforcement, and the victims and their families.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Circulating Irisin Levels Following Endurance Training: Results of Continuous and Interval Training
Authors: Cosio Pedro L. , Pelaez Mireia , Cadefau Joan A. , Farran-Codina Andreu
Published: November 2022

Background

Irisin has been suggested as a helpful hormone for adverse metabolic conditions. However, the interaction between acute endurance exercises and irisin is still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the acute effect of endurance training, either continuous or interval training, on circulating irisin in healthy adults.

Methods

Literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL until September 2022. Clinical trials measuring irisin levels following a single session of interval or continuous endurance training in healthy adults were eligible. Cohen’s d effect size (95% confidence level), subgroup analyses and univariate meta-regression were calculated using a random-effects model. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed and the protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42021240971).

Results

Data of the 16 included studies comprising 412 individuals showed a significant increase following one session of continuous endurance training (d = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.46 , p < 0.001), while interval training did not change circulating irisin (d = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.12 to 0.44 , p = 0.202). Both subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses showed non-significant differences in the change of circulating irisin comparing blood measurement, exercise mode or previous level of physical activity of the participants and circulating irisin at baseline, duration, or intensity of the exercise, respectively.

Conclusion

Continuous method for endurance training increases circulating irisin in healthy adults, while studies measuring circulating irisin following interval training in healthy adults are still limited to be conclusive.
The role of artificial intelligence in analysis of biofluid markers for diagnosis and management of glaucoma: A systematic review
Authors: Pucchio Aidan , Krance Saffire , Pur Daiana R , Bassi Arshpreet , Miranda Rafael , Felfeli Tina
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This review focuses on utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in analysis of biofluid markers in glaucoma. We detail the accuracy and validity of AI in the exploration of biomarkers to provide insight into glaucoma pathogenesis.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic databases including Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Studies pertaining to biofluid marker analysis using AI or bioinformatics in glaucoma were included. Identified studies were critically appraised and assessed for risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools.

Results

A total of 10,258 studies were screened and 39 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 23 cross-sectional studies (59%), nine prospective cohort studies (23%), six retrospective cohort studies (15%), and one case-control study (3%). Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) was the most commonly studied subtype (55% of included studies). Twenty-four studies examined disease characteristics, 10 explored treatment decisions, and 5 provided diagnostic clarification. While studies examined at entire metabolomic or proteomic profiles to determine changes in POAG, there was heterogeneity in the data with over 175 unique, differentially expressed biomarkers reported. Discriminant analysis and artificial neural network predictive models displayed strong differentiating ability between glaucoma patients and controls, although these tools were untested in a clinical context.

Conclusion

The use of AI models could inform glaucoma diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. While insight into differentially expressed biomarkers is valuable in pathogenic exploration, no clear pathogenic mechanism in glaucoma has emerged.
The Relationship Between Cannabinoids and Neural Oscillations: How Cannabis Disrupts Sensation, Perception, and Cognition
Authors: Syed Shariful A. , Schnakenberg Martin Ashley M. , Cortes-Briones Jose A. , Skosnik Patrick D.
Published: November 2022

Disruptions in neural oscillations are believed to be one critical mechanism by which cannabinoids, such as delta-9-tetrahyrdrocannabinol (THC; the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis), perturbs brain function. Here we briefly review the role of synchronized neural activity, particularly in the gamma (30–80 Hz) and theta (4–7 Hz) frequency range, in sensation, perception, and cognition. This is followed by a review of clinical studies utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) which have demonstrated that both chronic and acute cannabinoid exposure disrupts neural oscillations in humans. We also offer a hypothetical framework through which endocannabinoids modulate neural synchrony at the network level. This also includes speculation on how both chronic and acute cannabinoids disrupt functionally relevant neural oscillations by altering the fine tuning of oscillations and the inhibitory/excitatory balance of neural circuits. Finally, we highlight important clinical implications of such oscillatory disruptions, such as the potential relationship between cannabis use, altered neural synchrony, and disruptions in sensation, perception, and cognition, which are perturbed in disorders such as schizophrenia.
Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass: An Evolving Paradigm Over the Past 25 Years
Authors: Varrone Michael , Sarmiento Iam Claire , Pirelli Luigi , Brinster Derek R. , Singh Varinder P. , Kim Michael C. , Scheinerman S. Jacob , Patel Nirav C. , Hemli Jonathan M.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

We have routinely utilized minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) for revascularization of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. We examined how this procedure has evolved.

Methods:

A retrospective review was undertaken of 2,283 consecutive patients who underwent MIDCAB between 1997 and 2021. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A from 1997 to 2002 ( n = 751, 32.9%), group B from 2003 to 2009 ( n = 452, 19.8%), and group C from 2009 to 2021 ( n = 1,080, 47.3%). Risk profiles and short-term outcomes were analyzed for the entire cohort and for 293 propensity-matched patients drawn from each group.

Results:

The left internal mammary artery was harvested open in group A but with robotic assistance in group C. Thirty-day mortality was higher in group A versus group C (12 deaths, 1.6% vs 5 deaths, 0.5%, P = 0.044); this difference was negated after propensity matching. Group A had more comorbidities than group C, including peripheral vascular disease (17.7% vs 10.0%, P < 0.001), congestive heart failure (39.6% vs 18.0%, P < 0.001), and a history of stroke (17.9% vs 10.0%, P < 0.001), although diabetes mellitus was more common in group C (51.4% vs 31.0%, P < 0.001). Stroke was greater in group A (1.2% vs 0.0% vs 0.2%, respectively, P = 0.004), as was the need for prolonged ventilation (3.6% vs 0.2% vs 0.9%, respectively, P < 0.001), before and after propensity matching.

Conclusions:

MIDCAB patients had less comorbidities than in the past. Robot-assisted MIDCAB was associated with lower stroke risk.
Influence of spacer filament fineness on indentation characterizations of warp-knitted spacer fabrics for mattresses
Authors: Qu Mingyue , Xia Fenglin , Fang Fangfang , Huang Lili , Ma Pibo
Published: November 2022

Mattress plays an important role in the quality of human sleep, warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) is a rather important mattress material, this paper explored the indentation state of WKSFs of 20 mm thickness and 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.25 mm spacer filaments under the action of curved surface pressure by using spherical compression tests and finite element simulations, with the combination of three-dimensional and non-uniform pressure characteristics exerted on the mattress by the human body when lying down. Tests and simulations analysis would be shown in four aspects: firstly, when the spherical indenter acts on the WKSFs, the compressive stress, Indentation Force Deflection (IFD) and support factor (SF) of the WKSFs increase as the spacer filament fineness increases; secondly, the compression depth of WKSFs should be controlled within 40% when used as mattresses to obtain good compression comfort; thirdly, A warp-knitted spacer fabric with a 0.25 mm spacer filament fineness provides both comfort and pressure resistance and better meets the needs of most people for a spacer fabric for mattresses.
Enablers to enhance school-based adolescents with intellectual disabilities’ learning: A narrative approach
Authors: Malapela Rakgadi Grace , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae Gloria
Published: November 2022

Society has always understood individuals with intellectual disabilities from a stance of deficiency, resulting in limited expectations and prospects for school-going adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The study used the social model of disability to explore teachers’ perceptions of enablers to enhance school-based adolescents with intellectual disabilities’ learning and took cognisance of a wave of policies aimed at including adolescents with intellectual disabilities in mainstream education. A qualitative narrative approach was used for the study. Using a narrative methodological framework, unstructured interview questions were posed to elicit teachers’ perceptions of enablers to enhance adolescents with intellectual disabilities’ learning. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to select teachers working with school-based learners with intellectual disabilities. Five themes emerged from the analysis: therapeutic setting; learners’ resilience; parental support; teaching strategies; and community involvement as enablers for enhancing learning for adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Policy implications are also provided in the study.
The role of the World Health Organization
Authors: Hajizadeh Anisa , Heath Laura
Published: November 2022

The need for concerted global health collaboration predated the foundation of the World Health Organization (WHO). With the emergence of international trading and travel in the 1800s, deadly cholera epidemics necessitated a mechanism of international cooperation for disease prevention and control. Conferences such as the International Sanitary Convention in Paris in 1851 were examples of initial collaborative efforts to manage disease that crossed international borders. At the end of World War II (WW2) in 1945, there was a resolve to establish an organisation dedicated to global health. In 1948, at the International Health Conference in New York, 51 members of the United Nations and 10 other nations finalised the constitution for a WHO. This constitution still guides the WHO today.
The experience of family caregivers of ventilator-assisted individuals who participated in a pilot web-based peer support program: A qualitative study
Authors: Wasilewski Marina B. , Kokorelias Kristina M. , Nonoyama Mika , Dale Craig , McKim Douglas A , Road Jeremy , Leasa David , Tandon Anu , Goldstein Roger , Rose Louise
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Family caregivers play an important role supporting the day-to-day needs of ventilator-assisted individuals (VAIs) living at home. Peer-to-peer communication can help support these caregivers and help them sustain caregiving in the community. Online peer-support has been suggested as a way to help meet caregivers’ support needs.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive approach was used to elicit the perspectives of support received from caregivers who participated in a pilot web-based peer support program from October to December 2018. Data were collected through the transcripts of weekly online peer-to-peer group chats. Data were analyzed using an integration of thematic and framework analysis.

Results

In total, eight caregivers and five peer mentors participated in the pilot. All five mentors and four of the caregivers participated in the weekly chats. We identified three themes, a) The experience of caregivers is characterized by unique challenges related to the complexity of VAI care including technology; b) Mentors and caregiver participants reciprocally share support; c) Despite hardships, there are things that make caregiving easier and joyful.

Discussion

Our results add to the growing body of evidence pointing to the importance of online communities for supporting vulnerable caregivers. The reciprocal element of peer support, where trained mentors and untrained participants both benefit from support, can help sustain peer-support interventions. Despite the challenges of providing care to a VAI, there are facilitators that may help ease the caregiving experience and caregivers can benefit from ongoing support that is tailored to their needs along the caregiving trajectory.
Promoting Whole Health and Well-Being at Home: Veteran and Provider Perspectives on the Impact of Tele-Whole Health Services
Authors: Khanna Aishwarya , Dryden Eileen M. , Bolton Rendelle E. , Wu Juliet , Taylor Stephanie L. , Clayman Marla L. , Anwar Chitra , Kasom Danna , McGowan Michael , Mullur Rashmi S. , Bokhour Barbara G. , Hyde Justeen
Published: November 2022

Background

The Veterans Health Administration (VA) is undergoing a transformation in how healthcare is organized and provided. This transformation to a Whole Health System of Care encompasses the integration of complementary and integrative health services, education, and Whole Health coaching to develop Veterans’ self-care skills. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these services were provided via telehealth (tele-WH).

Objective

We sought to understand Veteran and provider perspectives on how tele-WH impacts Veteran engagement in Whole Health-aligned services and the impact on their well-being.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 51 providers who delivered tele-WH at 10 VA Medical Centers (VAMCs) and 19 Veterans receiving tele-WH at 6 VAMCs. Participants were asked about their experiences with tele-WH, what they perceived to be the impact of tele-WH on Veterans, and their preferences moving forward. Interviews were transcribed, and a content analysis was performed using a rapid approach.

Results

We identified 3 major themes that describe the perceived impact of tele-WH on Veterans. These include: (1) increased use of Whole Health-aligned services; (2) deeper engagement with Whole-Health aligned services; and (3) improvements in social, psychological, and physical well-being.

Conclusion

Tele-WH is perceived to be a strong complement to in-person services and is a promising mechanism for improving engagement with Whole Health-aligned services and promoting Veteran well-being. Future research is needed to measure outcomes identified in this study and to support more equitable access to telehealth for all.
Examining Unique Associations of Social Anxiety and Depression on Behaviorally Assessed Affective Empathy
Authors: Alvi Talha , Rosenfield David , Sunahara Cecile S. , Wallmark Zachary , Lee Junghee , Tabak Benjamin A.
Published: November 2022

A growing body of research suggests that cognitive empathy (i.e., understanding other people’s mental states) may be impaired in socially anxious and depressed individuals. However, few studies have examined whether affective empathy (i.e., sharing other people’s emotional states, referred to as “affect sharing”) may likewise be impaired in either form of psychopathology. In Study 1 ( n = 202), we examined the unique association between social anxiety (or depression) and affect sharing and the moderating role of anhedonia and stimuli valence above and beyond depression (or social anxiety). No main or interaction effects were found for social anxiety or depression in the prediction of affect sharing. In Study 2, we conducted a direct replication of Study 1 with a larger sample ( n = 324), which confirmed our findings from Study 1. Thus, the unique effects of social anxiety and depression may be more related to difficulties in cognitive, rather than affective, empathic processes.
A Scientometric Analysis of Studies on Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Wang Hong , Yi Zhi , Zhan Hongwei , Teng Yuanjun , Zhang Shifeng , Wu Meng , Geng Bin , Xia Yayi
Published: November 2022

Background:

Patellar dislocation is attracting considerable research interest.

Purpose:

To assess studies on patellar dislocation using a scientometric method to better understand the current status of research and explore future study directions.

Study Design:

Scoping review.

Methods:

The Web of Science Core Collection database was selected to retrieve publications on patellar dislocation. Articles and reviews written in English with patellar dislocation as the main topic were included. Conference abstracts, notes, letters, expert opinions, and animal studies were excluded. A total of 4632 articles were identified in our initial search. In addition, Excel 2019, CiteSpace 6.1.R1, and VOSviewer 1.6.9 were used to analyze the h-index, the most highly cited publication, publication essentials, and research themes.

Results:

A total of 1485 articles were included in our analysis, with 36,608 citations and an h-index of 93. Overall, 1494 institutions and 195 journals were identified from these studies. The United States (n = 531) was the most productive country. The institution and journal with the largest number of articles were the Hospital for Special Surgery (n = 59) and Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (n = 212), respectively. The article “Scoring of Patellofemoral Disorders” by Kujala et al in 1993 was the most highly cited reference. The most commonly found terms used were patellar dislocation, patellar instability, medial patellofemoral ligament, knee, recurrent patellar dislocation, and soft tissue restraints. Four topics were identified after clustering analysis of key terms: risk factors, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, patellar dislocation in skeletally immature patients, and lateral retinacular release.

Conclusion:

This scientometric review of articles on patellar dislocation summarized the current status of research (countries, institutions, and authors) and identified potential research directions.
Echolalia from a transdiagnostic perspective
Authors: McFayden Tyler C , Kennison Shelia M , Bowers J Michael
Published: November 2022

Background & aims

Echolalia, the repetition of one's or others’ utterances, is a behavior present in typical development, autism spectrum disorder, aphasias, Tourette's, and other clinical groups. Despite the broad range of conditions in which echolalia can occur, it is considered primarily through a disorder-specific lens, which limits a full understanding of the behavior.

Method

Empirical and review papers on echolalia across disciplines and etiologies were considered for this narrative review. Literatures were condensed into three primary sections, including echolalia presentations, neural mechanisms, and treatment approaches.

Main contribution

Echolalia, commonly observed in autism and other developmental conditions, is assessed, observed, and treated in a siloed fashion, which reduces our collective knowledge of this communication difference. Echolalia should be considered as a developmental, transdiagnostic, and communicative phenomenon. Echolalia is commonly considered as a communicative behavior, but little is known about its neural etiologies or efficacious treatments.

Conclusions

This review is the first to synthesize echolalia from a transdiagnostic perspective, which allows for the direct comparisons across and within clinical groups to inform assessment, treatment, conceptualization, and research recommendations.

Implications

Considering echolalia transdiagnostically highlights the lack of consensus on operationalization and measurement across and within disorders. Clinical and research future directions need to prioritize consistent definitions of echolalia, which can be used to derive accurate prevalence estimates. Echolalia should be considered as a communication strategy, used similarly across developmental and clinical groups, with recommended strategies of shaping to increase its effectiveness.
Quest for Social Justice: A comparative study of Panchanan Barma and Dr B. R. Ambedkar
Authors: Barman Rup Kumar , Barma Juthika
Published: November 2022

The concept of ideal society largely depends on one’s perception, experience and interactions with the given society. Thus it is ‘contextual’ and ‘relational’ in reality. While reality determines the nature of one’s ideas, the transformation of his ideas gets denials from traditional perceptions, taboos and vested interests. All these features of ideas and activism have been found in the lives and works of Panchanan Barma (1865–1935) and Dr B. R. Ambedkar (1890–1956). Both of them were the products of their times. Thus their ideas on an ideal society got maturity through the interactions with their contemporary society. Hence, their attempts at attaining ‘justice’ and ‘equality’ for an ‘ideal society’ were the outcome of their ideas on ‘just society’ and ‘equality’ and finding probable ways for attaining ‘self-reliance’ to fight against injustice. This article seeks to analyse the concept of social justice of Panchanan Barma (the father of the Rajbanshi community of Bengal) and to compare it with that of Dr B. R. Ambedkar (who has been accepted as the ‘Father of the Indian Constitution’).
A Scoping Review of COVID-19 in the Context of Informal Settlements
Authors: Okem Andrew Emmanuel , Makanishe Timothee Bisimwa , Myeni Sithembiso Lindelihle , Roberts Debra Cynthia , Zungu Sinethemba
Published: November 2022

The recent experiences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic provide a valuable lens for understanding the vulnerabilities of informal settlements and how they are positioned to respond to other large-scale hazards. This article explores the body of knowledge on the pandemic in the context of informal settlements, guided by the scoping review strategy. Our findings reveal that COVID-19 has impacted informal settlements in several ways, including increasing loss of income, food insecurity, increased gender inequality, gender-based violence and forced evictions. While there have been numerous responses to the crisis, several pre-existing factors in informal settlements impeded their implementation. We note that lessons from the pandemic provide an important opportunity to address pre-existing vulnerabilities in informal settlements to make them more resilient to both health and environmental shocks.
Act of violence: Undecidability and embodiment in the Geochang civilian massacre
Authors: Kang Hye Yun
Published: November 2022

Mass killing during security practices is often conceptualized as either unintended consequences or state violence. Looking away from the conventional frame that focuses on intentions of perpetrators, I suggest focusing on the embodied act in perpetrating violence, which illuminates another mechanism that has not been fully explored in perpetrator studies. I argue that undecidability embedded in embodying national security prompts the act of violence. Drawing on performative theories of Derrida and Butler, I show how national security as the normative ideal is embodied through practices of security agents in a way in which the option of using violence appears as optimal, or even desirable, to achieve security. My theoretical argument is epitomized in the security practices that killed 517 civilians during the military operation in Geochang. By tracing the fifth operation order as a security script, I illuminate how civilian killing appears as a way of carrying out military orders. I first lay out my theoretical argument. Second, I introduce the script that prompts mass killing in the case of the Geochang civilian massacre and situate it within the contexts of the Korean War, the guerrilla war, and the Cold War. Finally, I analyze how security practices of the soldiers in Geochang generate mass violence.
Trisomy 18: A Case Study
Authors: Frye Dana M. , Beaves Tatyana
Published: November 2022

Trisomy 18 is the second-most common aneuploidy and greatly ranges in presentation. This case study examines the diagnostic procedures taken with an Amish woman’s Trisomy 18 pregnancy. The sonographic findings are examined and compared with typical presentations and cultural differences regarding obstetrical care plans. Current medical advances have altered prognoses and courses of treatment. This case study highlights the importance of patient-provider communication and the need for continuous amendment of information, within obstetrical care.
sitePath: a visual tool to identify polymorphism clades and help find fixed and parallel mutations
Authors: Ji Chengyang , Han Na , Cheng Yexiao , Shang Jingzhe , Weng Shenghui , Yang Rong , Zhou Hang-Yu , Wu Aiping
Published: November 2022

Background

Identifying polymorphism clades on phylogenetic trees could help detect punctual mutations that are associated with viral functions. With visualization tools coloring the tree, it is easy to visually find clades where most sequences have the same polymorphism state. However, with the fast accumulation of viral sequences, a computational tool to automate this process is urgently needed.

Results

Here, by implementing a branch-and-bound-like search method, we developed an R package named sitePath to identify polymorphism clades automatically. Based on the identified polymorphism clades, fixed and parallel mutations could be inferred. Furthermore, sitePath also integrated visualization tools to generate figures of the calculated results. In an example with the influenza A virus H3N2 dataset, the detected fixed mutations coincide with antigenic shift mutations. The highly specificity and sensitivity of sitePath in finding fixed mutations were achieved for a range of parameters and different phylogenetic tree inference software.

Conclusions

The result suggests that sitePath can identify polymorphism clades per site. The clustering of sequences on a phylogenetic tree can be used to infer fixed and parallel mutations. High-quality figures of the calculated results could also be generated by sitePath.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the molecular basis underlying pre-harvest sprouting in rice
Authors: Liu Dong , Zeng Mingyang , Wu Yan , Du Yanli , Liu Jianming , Luo Shaoqiang , Zeng Yongjun
Published: November 2022

Background

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most serious rice production constraints in areas where prolonged rainfall occurs during harvest. However, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation underlying PHS remain largely unknown.

Results

In the current study, comparative transcriptome analyses were performed to characterize the similarities and differences between two rice varieties: PHS-sensitive Jiuxiangzhan (JXZ) and PHS-resistant Meixiangxinzhan (MXXZ). The physiological experimental results indicated that PHS causes a significant decrease in starch content and, in contrast, a significant increase in soluble sugar content and amylase activity. The extent of change in these physiological parameters in the sensitive variety JXZ was greater than that in the resistant variety MXXZ. A total of 9,602 DEGs were obtained from the transcriptome sequencing data, and 5,581 and 4,021 DEGs were identified in JXZ and MXXZ under high humidity conditions, respectively. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that many DEGs under high humidity treatment were mainly linked to plant hormone signal transduction, carbon metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the number of upregulated genes involved in these pathways was much higher in JXZ than in MXXZ, while the number of downregulated genes was higher in MXXZ than in JXZ. These results suggest that the physiological and biochemical processes of these pathways are more active in the PHS-sensitive JXZ than in the PHS-resistant MXXZ.

Conclusion

Based on these results, we inferred that PHS in rice results from altered phytohormone regulation, more active carbon metabolism and energy production, and enhanced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the complex regulatory mechanism of PHS in rice and the molecular breeding of PHS-resistant rice varieties.
Impacts of metabolic disorders on short- and long-term mortality after coronary artery surgery in the elderly
Authors: Fan Yuhong , Liu Jingjing , Jin Lei , Liu Zhonghe , Han Lixiang , Wang Yue , Zhang Yangyang , Shen Peiming , Li Zhi
Published: November 2022

Background

Elderly patients undergoing cardiac operation often suffer various metabolic comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. The metabolic disorders in these individuals are widely considered to be possible predisposing factors for unfavourable prognosis. This retrospective study was aimed to determine the association of metabolic diseases with the mortality of elderly patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to identify the protective or risk factors related to their short- and long-term survival.

Methods

Totally 684 patients aged 75 years or above undergoing isolated CABG were evaluated retrospectively. There were two groups depending on the body mass index (BMI): an overweight and obesity group (n = 354) and a normal weight and lean group (n = 330). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust baseline clinical characteristics, which reduced confounding bias. The short-term postoperative mortality was tested via logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were done to compute the overall survival in each group and to identify relevant variables associated with all-cause mortality, respectively.

Results

The prevalence rates of metabolic comorbidities in the total cohort were: diabetes mellitus (32.5%), overweight or obesity (51.8%) and hypertension (72.8%). The 30-day postoperative mortality was 5.1% and the long-term mortality was 15.25% at a median 46.2-month follow-up (1.0–178.6 months). The 30-day postoperative mortality was relevant to DM, diseased coronary arteries, New York Heart Association class, intra-aortic balloon pump and emergency surgery. The long-term mortality was negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression recognized DM as an adverse factor related with 30-day postoperative mortality whether before or after PSM. The long-term mortality was not significantly relevant with DM (HR = 0.753, 95% CI 0.402–1.411). Overweight or obesity was not the risk factor of 30-day postoperative mortality (OR = 1.284, 95% CI 0.426–3.868), but was the protective factor of long-term survival (HR = 0.512, 95% CI 0.279–0.939).

Conclusions

The “obesity paradox” exists regarding the prognosis of individuals aged ≥ 75, which was presented as lower long-term mortality no matter from all cause or cardio-cerebrovascular cause in patients with BMI ≥ 24.

Trial registration ChiCTR2200061869 (05/07/2022).
Assessment of contextual factors shaping delivery and uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Dar es salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Nyarubamba Renatus Fabiano , Silumbwe Adam , Jacobs Choolwe , Maritim Patricia , Mdoe Paschal , Zulu Joseph Mumba
Published: November 2022

Background

Tuberculosis has remained a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is the recommended strategy by the World Health Organization to prevent TB disease and related deaths among PLHIV. However, delivery and uptake of IPT has remained suboptimal particularly in countries where HIV and TB are endemic such as Tanzania. This study sought to assess contextual factors that shape delivery and uptake of IPT in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania.

Methodology

We employed a qualitative case study design comprising of in-depth interviews with people living with HIV (n = 17), as well as key informant interviews with clinicians (n = 7) and health administrators (n = 7). We used thematic data analysis approach and reporting of the results was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Results

Characteristics of IPT such as aligning the therapy to individual patient schedules and its relatively low cost facilitated its delivery and uptake. On the contrary, perceived adverse side effects negatively affected the delivery and uptake of IPT. Characteristics of individuals delivering the therapy including their knowledge, good attitudes, and commitment to meeting set targets facilitated the delivery and uptake of IPT. The process of IPT delivery comprised collective planning and collaboration among various facilities which facilitated its delivery and uptake. Organisational characteristics including communication among units and supportive leadership facilitated the delivery and uptake of IPT. External system factors including HIV stigma, negative cultural and religious values, limited funding as well as shortage of skilled healthcare workers presented as barriers to the delivery and uptake of IPT.

Conclusion

The factors influencing the delivery and uptake of IPT among people living with HIV are multifaceted and exist at different levels of the health system. Therefore, it is imperative that IPT program implementers and policy makers adopt multilevel approaches that address the identified barriers and leverage the facilitators in delivery and uptake of IPT at both community and health system levels.
Acute annular outer retinopathy preceded by invasive ductal breast carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Gupta Rishi B. , Dang Harry , Albreiki Danah , Dollin Michael LE. , Weston Bonnie , Gottlieb Chloe C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Acute annular outer retinopathy (AAOR) is an uncommon disease. To date, there are few documented cases in the literature. Our case report is the first to describe a case of acute annular outer retinopathy in a patient with invasive ductal breast carcinoma.

Case presentation

The patient presented with photopsias and visual loss approximately 3 weeks prior to a diagnosis of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. We have documented the outer annular white ring seen in the acute phase of this disease and correlate it anatomically with Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging. We identified RPE atrophy with nodular hyperreflectivity and loss of ellipsoid layer within the white annular ring with corresponding visual field loss. Fundus autofluorescence correlated with structural alterations seen on SD-OCT and showed both presumed active hyperautofluorescent zones with patchy hypoautofluorescent zones of atrophy and a classic annular hyperautofluorescent border. This case provides additional information about the natural history of this rare entity and its prognosis and varied presentation.

Conclusions

The authors report a single case of acute annular outer retinopathy in a patient with invasive ductal breast carcinoma with the corresponding SD-OCT, fundus autofluorescence and visual field findings, during the acute phase of the disease. These findings provide new insight into the characteristic features, etiology and progression of this rare disease.
A multicenter study of bodily distress syndrome in Chinese outpatient hospital care: prevalence and associations with psychosocial variables
Authors: Ma Jing , Zheng Linli , Chen Ran , Ren Jie , Chen Hua , Zhang Yaoyin , Li Wentian , Ma Xiquan , Lu Wei , Wu Heng , Fritzsche Kurt , Toussaint Anne Christin , Leonhart Rainer , Wei Jing , Zhang Lan
Published: November 2022

Background

Bodily distress syndrome (BDS) is a new, empirical-based diagnosis of functional somatic symptoms. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of BDS and its association with psychosocial variables in a Chinese clinical population.

Methods

A multicentre cross-sectional study of 1269 patients was conducted in 9 different Chinese tertiary outpatient hospitals. The BDS was identified by trained interviewers face-to face, based on a brief version of the Schedules for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (RIFD) and the BDS Checklist-25. Sociodemographic data and further information were characterised from psychometric questionnaires (The Patient Health Questionnaire-15, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the General Anxiety Disorder-7, the Whiteley scale-8) .

Results

Complete data were available for 697 patients. The prevalence of BDS was 26.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.5–30.1). Among the participants, 5.8% (95% CI: 4.1–7.6) fulfilled the criteria for single-organ BDS, while 20.9% (95%CI: 17.9–24.0) had multi-organ BDS. Comparison of the PHQ-15, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and WI-8 scores revealed higher scores on all dimensions for patients with BDS. In a binary logistic regression analysis, BDS was significantly associated with increased health-related anxiety (WI-8) and depression (PHQ-9). The explained variance was Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.42.

Conclusions

In China, the BDS is a common clinical condition in tertiary outpatient hospital settings with high prevalence, and is associated with health anxiety and depressive symptoms. In this clinical population, the severe multi-organ subtype of BDS was the most frequent.
Long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate induced severe cutaneous allergic reaction in a patient with first episode delusional disorder tolerating oral paliperidone regimen: a case report
Authors: Borojevic Natasa , Dawud Midya , Xiao Junhua , Yun Yang
Published: November 2022

Background

Paliperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic agent that is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder as well as an adjunct to mood stabilizers and antidepressants for bipolar and depressive disorders. Paliperidone is available in both oral and injection forms. Here we report an unexpected case of cutaneous allergic reaction induced by paliperidone long-acting injection (LAI) following oral tolerance.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old man with first episode delusional disorder was treated with paliperidone tablets with tolerance. On day seven he received the paliperidone LAI and developed an allergic reaction in minutes including flushing of the face, widespread urticaria with mild airway constriction. The allergic symptoms were relived following the administration of antihistamine within several minutes.

Conclusion

The allergic reaction that occurred post administration of the paliperidone LAI but not the oral tablets suggest it is likely due to the excipients in the formulation of the LAI rather than paliperidone itself. This case highlights the necessity of monitoring allergic reactions in psychiatric patients when converting from oral to LAI format of paliperidone.
The PPD-ACT app in Canada: feasibility and a latent class analysis of participants with postpartum depression recruited to a psychiatric genetics study using a mobile application
Authors: Collaton Joanna , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Taylor Valerie H. , Grigoriadis Sophie , Oberlander Tim F. , Frey Benicio N. , Van Lieshout Ryan , Guintivano Jerry , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Kennedy James L. , Vigod Simone N.
Published: November 2022

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum psychosis (PPP) are linked to negative consequences for women and families. Virtual applications present a solution to the challenge of recruiting large samples for genetic PPD/PPP research. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a protocol for enrolling Canadian women with PPD and PPP to a large international psychiatric genetics study using a mobile application (PPD-ACT), and identify clinically distinct subtypes of PPD in the recruited sample.

Methods

From April 2017–June 2019, Canadian women provided phenotypic data through the PPD-ACT app. Requests for a genetic sample were made from those with a current or past PPD episode based on an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score > 12 with onset in pregnancy or 0–3 months postpartum, and from those self-reporting lifetime PPP. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify clinically distinct PPD subgroups based on participant responses to the EPDS scale.

Results

We identified 797 PPD cases, 404 of whom submitted DNA. There were 109 PPP cases, with 66 submitting DNA. PPD cases (86.7% White, mean 4.7 +/− 7.0 years since their episode) came from across Canadian provinces/territories. LCA identified two PPD classes clinically distinct by symptom severity: [1] moderate-severity (mean EPDS = 18.5+/− 2.5; 8.6% with suicidality), and [2] severe (mean EPDS = 24.5+/− 2.1; 52.8% with suicidality).

Conclusions

A mobile application rapidly collected data from individuals with moderate and severe symptoms of PPD, an advantage for genetics where specificity is optimal, as well as from women with a history of PPP, supporting future work using this approach.
Real-world data for precision public health of noncommunicable diseases: a scoping review
Authors: Canfell Oliver J. , Kodiyattu Zack , Eakin Elizabeth , Burton-Jones Andrew , Wong Ides , Macaulay Caroline , Sullivan Clair
Published: November 2022

Background

Global public health action to address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) requires new approaches. NCDs are primarily prevented and managed in the community where there is little investment in digital health systems and analytics; this has created a data chasm and relatively silent burden of disease. The nascent but rapidly emerging area of precision public health offers exciting new opportunities to transform our approach to NCD prevention. Precision public health uses routinely collected real-world data on determinants of health (social, environmental, behavioural, biomedical and commercial) to inform precision decision-making, interventions and policy based on social position, equity and disease risk, and continuously monitors outcomes – the right intervention for the right population at the right time. This scoping review aims to identify global exemplars of precision public health and the data sources and methods of their aggregation/application to NCD prevention.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was followed. Six databases were systematically searched for articles published until February 2021. Articles were included if they described digital aggregation of real-world data and ‘traditional’ data for applied community, population or public health management of NCDs. Real-world data was defined as routinely collected (1) Clinical, Medication and Family History (2) Claims/Billing (3) Mobile Health (4) Environmental (5) Social media (6) Molecular profiling (7) Patient-centred (e.g., personal health record). Results were analysed descriptively and mapped according to the three horizons framework for digital health transformation.

Results

Six studies were included. Studies developed population health surveillance methods and tools using diverse real-world data (e.g., electronic health records and health insurance providers) and traditional data (e.g., Census and administrative databases) for precision surveillance of 28 NCDs. Population health analytics were applied consistently with descriptive, geospatial and temporal functions. Evidence of using surveillance tools to create precision public health models of care or improve policy and practice decisions was unclear.

Conclusions

Applications of real-world data and designed data to address NCDs are emerging with greater precision. Digital transformation of the public health sector must be accelerated to create an efficient and sustainable predict-prevent healthcare system.
Diagnostic performance of an immunoassay based on urine exfoliated cell enrichment nanotechnology for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a retrospective, monocentric study
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Shiwei , Wu Lang , Feng Baofu , Shen Hongwei , Gu Yuanyuan , Zhang Qun , Fang Feng , Yang Rong , Guo Hongqian
Published: November 2022

Background

Noninvasively urine-based diagnostic modalities for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) were still lacking. We evaluated the diagnostic value of our previously developed urine-based assay (UTC assay) in UTUC.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 90 patients with suspected UTUC and 40 donors without UTUC. Voided urine specimens were analyzed by UTC assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The performance of UTC assay and FISH was compared among the 60 histologically proven UTUC patients and the 40 donors with benign disease.

Results

Of the 60 UTUCs, there were 8 low-grade and 52 high-grade cases. Overall sensitivity for UTC assay and FISH were 85% and 73.3%, respectively (P = 0.116). Specificities for UTC assay and FISH were 92.5% and 95%, respectively (P = ns.). By grade, sensitivities of UTC assay and FISH were 87.5% vs. 37.5% for low-grade (P = 0.119), and 84.6% vs. 78.8% for high- grade UTUC (P = 0.446), respectively. By stage, UTC assay showed significantly higher sensitivity than FISH for detecting non-muscle-invasive UTUC, which were 88.5% vs. 61.5%, respectively (P = 0.025).

Conclusion

UTC assay has good performance for the non-invasive diagnosis of UTUC. UTC assay may improve the diagnosis and surveillance of low-grade or superficial UTUC.