bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сакральный характер власти в Цинской империи и его проявление во внешней политике по отношению к Джунгарскому государству и казахам
Authors:   Independent Researcher (4, Zhukovsky St., Krasnogorsk 143402, Russian Federation), Kuznetsova Natalia V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The sacred nature of power is one of the main features of the empire. Since ancient times in the Chinese state the sacralization of power is presented in the religious-philosophical doctrine of the Emperor as the Son of Heaven who rules the Celestial Empire. This doctrine differs from the Sinocentrism conception in its understanding of the nature of power. Goals. The present paper examines foreign policy of the Qing Empire towards the Dzungar state and the Kazakhs with due regard of the manifestation of the sacred nature of power in foreign policies conducted by the Chinese government. The article also addresses the issue of the number of Oirats slaughtered by the Qing Empire. Materials. The research analyzes scientific works on the history of the Qing Empire, Chinese-Kazakh, Chinese-Oirat, Kazakh-Oirat relations, as well as published Chinese sources. Results. The paper shows that the sacral nature of power in the Qing Empire manifested itself in foreign policy as well. The rulers of the Dzungar state and Kazakh clans became nominal subjects of the Empire without coercion from the Chinese side. And this fact did not oblige them to become real subjects, tributaries. There was a ritual interaction that was beneficial for both sides. If a non-Chinese ruler became a nominal subject of Bogdykhan, the Empire showed soft power in relation to his people. Even in the case of a deliberate violation of its decrees, which happened in the episode of Sino-Kazakh relations under consideration. When the ruler stopped the established interaction and began to contradict the Emperor, the Empire sought to destroy him, like the case with Galdan Boshogtu Khan and his successors.
Geophysical modeling of the manganese deposit for Induced Polarization method in Itapira (Brazil)
Authors: B. Vieira Leandro , A. Moreira César , P. Côrtes Ariane R. , L. Luvizotto George
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of the investigation of a supergene manganese occurrence in the southeast of Brazil, using the Induced Polarization geophysical method. This study aims to characterize the surface and subsurface morphology of one of these occurrences, named São Roque, based on the contrast of the electrical properties of the ore and the host rocks. The ore, which is composed mainly of manganese oxides and hydroxides and subordinated graphite, occurs in the form of small discontinuous lenses hosted by quartzites and schists of the Itapira Group. The geophysical survey consisted on 10 lines of Induced Polarization Tomography using a Wenner-Schlumberger array, with an along-line electrode separation of 10 m for all lines. The IP data were modeled through commercial inversion software to generate 2D section models of chargeability. In order to create a 3D visualization model of chargeability, the 2D inversion models were then combined and interpolated in order to create a 3D visualization model. The 3D model revealed two independent ore bodies in both surface and subsurface, characterized for high chargeability (up to 20mV/V), instead of a single elongated orebody as suggested by the lateritic surface in the field. In addition, the model showed that the orebodies are elongated perpendicular to the area main structural trend and the regional alignment of the lateritic occurrences, which can bring new ideas in terms of local exploration strategies for manganese in this context.
The level variability, thermal structure and currents in Lake Chapala, Mexico
Authors: Ávalos-Cueva David , Filonov Anatoliy , Tereshchenko Iryna , Monzón César , Pantoja-González Diego , Velázquez-Muñoz Federico
Published: April 2021

Measurements of temperature, currents and lake level taken in 2005-2014 are analyzed and discussed. Moored measurements of temperature and level in the northern part of the lake reveal the presence of seiches oscillations of the first and second modes, with periods of 5.7 and 2.8 hours, and amplitudes of 15.4 and 2.1 mm. In 2006 four temperature cross-sections were carried out in the study area. The obtained data reveal that in all four seasons of the year the temperatures averaged over the north and south coastal areas differ by 2-3°C. The lake currents were simulated using the HAMSOM 2-D hydrodynamic model both for wet and dry seasons. The model results are in good agreement with the ADCP data. The presence of an anticyclonic gyre, 10-12 km in diameter, in the central part of the lake in both seasons is revealed. In particular, the summer 2014 data provide evidence of the gyre and its impact on the spatial distribution of temperature in the lake.
Evaluation of macroseismic intensities in Mexico from recent earthquakes using Â¿Sintió un sismo? (Did you feel it?)
Authors: Montalvo-Arrieta Juan C. , Sosa-Ramírez Rocío L. , Pérez-Campos Xyoli
Published: April 2021

Macroseismic investigations with data collected through online surveys has acquired relevance in recent years. Its easy access and low cost allow assessments of the severity of an earthquake from its effects as observed by the population. Furthermore, it is possible to generate attenuation curves for a particular region, visualize the condition of the buildings from a zip code-averaged distribution map, and estimate possible site effects. In regions without a good coverage of seismic networks, macroseismic intensities have proved to be a substitute for instrumental data. In this paper intensity maps for four earthquakes in different regions of Mexico are presented, based on data from the database of Â¿Sintió un sismo? program, an online survey implemented in 2014. Less attenuation was found in areas considered tectonically stable than in those considered as active regions.
Paleoseismological uncertainty estimation in the Acambay region, Central Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Quetzalcoatl , Ramón Zúñiga F. , Lacan Pierre
Published: April 2021

Paleseismological studies provide valuable information of the earthquake rupture processes such as fault dimensions, average and maximum displacements, as well as recurrence times and magnitudes of events which took place in the geologic past. This information is based on observations of the geological record. Interpretation of geological observa-tions has a source of uncertainties inherent to the large number of hypothesis that explain the observed geological features. Information obtained from paleoseismic studies is im-portant in seismic hazard analyses, and particularly crucial for regions of low seismic activity where the recurrence period of major earthquakes reaches several thousand years. However, using this information in hazard analysis requires the systematic treatment of uncertainties. We estimated uncertainties of four paleoseismological studies conducted at three different faults of the Acambay graben region in Central Mexico. The method used is based on a logic-tree formalism that quantifies the cumulative uncertainties associated with the different stages of the paleoseismic studies together with a quantification of the entropy at each step and at the end of the process. The final uncertainty and its relative importance in seismic hazard analysis is expressed as the paleoseismic quality factor, which indicate 0.14, 0.40-0.50, and 0.41 for the Acambay-Tixmadejé, Pastores and San Mateo faults, respectively. These values can be incorporated in seismic hazard analyses for the region.
The effect of salinity and gas saturation of a geothermal fluid on the reservoir permeability reduction
Authors: Flores Juán , Meza Onésimo , L. Sara , Aragón Alfonso
Published: April 2021

Highly saline geothermal reservoirs show problems of salt precipitation on the rock formation reducing its permeability and the well’s productivity. In this study, theoretical curves of mass productivity of geothermal wells (inflow type curves) were obtained considering ternary mixtures of H2O-CO2-NaCl of up to 25% salinity in weight and under different initial conditions of gas saturation of the fluid. The sensitivity analysis to the initial concentration of salts and initial gas saturation was carried out using the simulator TOUGH2. The developed type curves are focused to reservoirs with criti-cal characteristics such as, low permeability, ranges of high salt precipitation and high gas saturation. The obtained curves show three clearly defined zones as a function of the degree of exploitation of the well: no salt precipitation zones; transition zones; and salt precipitation zones. It was found that salt precipitation in the reservoir occurs in greater intensity at higher initial concentrations of dissolved salts and higher gas saturation. In some cases, scale obstructs the pores of the rock formation drastically reducing its permeability. It is proposed that type curves could be used as complementary tools for the analysis of wells and for the selection of pertinent strategies for the exploitation of geothermal fields.
La magnetometría como alternativa en la búsqueda de aguas subterráneas. El caso de la cuenca baja del río Grijalva.
Authors: Escudero Durán Rubén de Jesús , Bustamante Orozco Marco Rogelio , Ángeles Cordero Edgar , Neri Flores Iris , Medrano Pérez Ojilve Ramón
Published: April 2021

La magnetometría mediante el campo magnético terrestre y las propiedades magnéticas de los materiales, entre otras cosas, tiene la capacidad para determinar regiones con potencial acuífero por medio de la identificación de estructuras geológicas que podrían ser asociadas con permeabilidad. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es identificar las áreas de unidades de rocas con posible potencial acuífero en las subcuencas de la porción oeste de la cuenca baja del río Grijalva, mediante la interpretación de las respuestas magnéticas obtenidas aplicando diversos algoritmos de detección de bordes y la elaboración de modelos 3D de la zona estudiada a base de voxels. Para ello, se realizó el procesado de datos aeromagnéticos con el propósito de resaltar e identificar las características geológicas sobresalientes. Los resultados muestran las zonas con mayor potencial acuífero en el área estudiada. Así, se busca contribuir al conocimiento local y propiciar la toma de decisiones en los temas geohidrológicos, ordenamiento territorial y políticas públicas relacionadas.
Leaders' positive and implicit followership theory and team creativity in a university scientific research team
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Yuxin , Liu Chang , Wan Yuming
Published: April 2021

The promotion of team creativity has recently become a focus in leadership research. From the perspectives of the input–process–output model and social cognitive theory, we explored leaders' positive and implicit followership theory (LPIFT) and examined team creativity,
with 417 paired postgraduate and supervisor participants from a university scientific research team. Results show that LPIFT had a significant positive impact on team creativity, and that team trust (cognitive and emotional) mediated this relationship. Further, team empowerment climate positively
moderated both the relationship between LPIFT and team trust (cognitive and emotional) and the mediating role of team trust (cognitive and emotional). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
COVID generation: psychosocial risks for children growing up during the pandemic
Authors: Ferreira Aydogdu Ana Luiza
Published: April 2021

La pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus trajo una realidad caótica al mundo entero. Las rutinas de los niños también han cambiado desde que surgió el nuevo coronavirus. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre los riesgos psicosociales a los que está expuesta la generación que crece durante la pandemia. La pandemia y factores relacionados como estar lejos de la escuela, de los padres, de los abuelos y de los amigos, pueden causar un impacto negativo en el bienestar de los niños. El trauma infantil puede tener consecuencias a largo plazo. Es necesario proteger no solo la salud física de los niños, sino también su salud psicosocial, que está gravemente amenazada. El cuidado de enfermería se basa en una visión holística del ser humano, teniendo un papel importante durante y también después de las crisis. Para que las enfermeras puedan apoyar especialmente a la población infantil durante y después del período pandémico, es importante conocer los diversos traumas que los niños pueden estar enfrentando durante el período pandémico, ya que pueden provocar problemas psicosociales como obesidad, consumo de alcohol y drogas, autolesiones, violencia interpersonal y diversos tipos de enfermedades mentales en la edad adulta.
Members of cooperatives: more heterogeneous, less satisfied?
Authors: Grashuis Jasper , Cook Michael Lee
Published: April 2021

The ability to successfully engage in collective action is often related to group heterogeneity. In the case of farmer cooperatives, member heterogeneity is often assumed to relate negatively to long-term performance. However, applied research is lacking in part because of the difficulty in measuring and matching farm-level and firm-level constructs. Using 1,061 survey responses from members of an organic food and beverage marketing cooperative, we develop a solution by measuring heterogeneity in age, education, farm experience, farm size, and membership length as the absolute difference from the median, which is interpreted as the base case with zero heterogeneity. A structural equation model is developed to relate our measurement of member heterogeneity to membership satisfaction. The latent factor of member heterogeneity is manifested significantly by each measure of individual heterogeneity (except age). Furthermore, as expected, member heterogeneity has a negative relationship to the latent factor of membership satisfaction. Our study demonstrates an ability to measure heterogeneity in continuous as opposed to binary form (e.g. small or large, young or old), and to explore the heterogeneity-performance relationship with farm-level observations.
Microfácies de carbonatos pensilvanianos da Formação Itaituba (Grupo Tapajós) no norte da Bacia do Amazonas, Urucará (AM)
Authors: SOUSA Elane Sampaio de , BARBOSA Roberto Cesar De Mendonça , RUDNITZKI Isaac Daniel
Published: April 2021

A aplicação de técnicas microfaciológicas em exposições de carbonatos da Formação Itaituba (Grupo Tapajós), situados na borda norte da Bacia do Amazonas, permitiu contribuir na reconstituição paleogeográfica do Pensilvaniano da bacia, uma vez que as principais interpretações da unidade são baseadas em dados da borda sul devido a facilidade logística de acesso em condições amazônicas. A análise microfaciológica em 80 seções delgadas de uma sucessão carbonática de aproximadamente 30 m permitiu a individualização de 10 microfácies (MF): Mudstone recristalizado (MF1), Mudstone/wackestone com intraclastos (MF2), Mudstone/ wackestone com terrígenos (MF3), Dolomudstone/wackestone (MF4), Dolowackestone/ packstone com peloides (MF5), Wackestone/packstone bioclástico com foraminíferos (MF6), Packstone/grainstone oolítico (MF7), Grainstone com peloides (MF8), Grainstone com ooides rescristalizados (MF9) e Grainstone bioclástico (MF10). As microfácies foram agrupadas em 4 zonas faciológicas que remetem a instalação de uma plataforma carbonática com amplas planícies de marés com precipitação carbonática e evaporítica (sabkha), lagunas com circulação restrita e barras oolíticas/bioclásticas. Espessos depósitos interpretados como sabkha sugerem condições mais evaporíticas da plataforma carbonática quando comparados com exposições da borda sul da bacia. Os dados levantados nessa pesquisa, possuem caráter inédito e reforçam interpretações paleoambientais anteriores para a borda sul e auxiliam no refinamento da reconstrução das condições paleogeográficas da Formação Itaituba.
Vasculitis leucocitoclásticas como manifestación extraintestinal dermatológica rara de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal asociada con Clostridium: reporte de un caso
Authors: Muñoz Cedeño Ruben  Gustavo , Vera Zapata Fabricio Rodrigo , Ricaurte Enriquez Michelle Carolina , Rodríguez Chica Gema Nathalye
Published: April 2021

Las vasculitis leucocitoclásticas se definen como el daño e inflamación de las paredes vasculares, son aquellas vasculitis de pequeños vasos que anatomopatológicamente presentan leucocitoclasia y puede observarse como una manifestación extraintestinal de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. En la colitis ulcerativa se presentan en menor frecuencia, por inmunocomplejos generados en la mucosa intestinal debido a la exposición del tejido linfoide submucoso a antígenos fecales; podrían precipitarse en las paredes de los pequeños vasos. Se pueden asociar con Clostridium difficile, que es un bacilo grampositivo esporulado, anaerobio estricto, que se encuentra normalmente en el medio ambiente y produce colitis, que se manifiesta como un cuadro diarreico presentado después de la ingesta de antibióticos y altera la flora bacteriana común de este órgano. El caso se trata de un paciente 36 años de edad con cuadro de diarreas líquidas con moco y escaso sangrado; se realizó un estudio endoscópico y anatomopatológico en el que se observó colitis ulcerativa con coproparasitario positivo para antígeno de C. difficile, y en su hospitalización presentó lesiones dérmicas petequiales y necróticas en el cuarto dedo de la mano izquierda, que en la biopsia dio como resultado vasculitis de pequeños vasos. En este artículo se revisan de forma práctica los aspectos relacionados con la fisiopatología, histología, tratamiento y diagnósticos de la manifestación extraintestinal dermatológica rara, como la vasculitis leucocitoclástica en pacientes con colitis ulcerativas asociadas con Clostridium.
Tuberculosis ileocecal: A propósito de un caso
Authors: Martínez Montalvo Carlos Mauricio , Botello Alejandro , Herrera Ortega Laura Melisa , Leal Bernal Sofía Fernanda , Guerrero Becerra Margareth Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad de importancia en la salud pública a nivel mundial, con una alta incidencia a nivel del territorio colombiano. Principalmente, afecta el parénquima pulmonar; sin embargo, en un porcentaje elevado de casos se diagnostica en su forma extrapulmonar y el tracto gastrointestinal es uno de los sitios más frecuentes. Así mismo, la región ileocecal y el íleon terminal son las regiones con más predilección por la bacteria Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Las manifestaciones en esta rara presentación de la enfermedad están dadas por dolor abdominal y sensación de masa principalmente, lesiones ulcerosas en la mucosa intestinal y hallazgos histológicos correspondientes a granulomas caseificantes de gran tamaño y de morfología confluente, que se diferencian de otras entidades como la enfermedad de Crohn. La búsqueda de la enfermedad dentro del tracto gastrointestinal se realiza con ayuda de métodos invasivos como la colonoscopia y de ayudas diagnósticas de laboratorio como cultivos, tinciones o reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Dada la complejidad en el diagnóstico de esta forma de tuberculosis, el conocimiento y la manera en que se aborda un paciente con un cuadro sugestivo de esta enfermedad son factores importantes para establecer el manejo terapéutico oportuno. Se comparte un caso inusual de tuberculosis ileocecal como manifestación de síndrome febril prolongado con desenlace fatal.
Schwannoma esofágico gigante, un diagnóstico de exclusión: reporte de caso
Authors: Cortés Valencia Jessica Tatiana , Goyeneche Casanova Cristian Yecid , Lancheros Hortúa Natalia Carolina , Lozada Benítez René Fernando , Fierro Rodríguez Diana Marcela
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Los schwannomas esofágicos son tumores de elementos perineurales de la vaina nerviosa de la célula de Schwann en los nervios periféricos y representan el 2 % de los tumores primarios de esófago. Su difícil diagnóstico está dado por la baja incidencia que este presenta; sin embargo, es una etiología que debe considerarse debido a que su comportamiento clínico e imagenológico es rápidamente progresivo e inusual, comparado con otros tumores benignos de esófago. Caso clínico: paciente femenina de 38 años con cuadro clínico de disfagia de 1 año de evolución, con endoscopia de vías digestivas altas y tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) de tórax contrastada que evidencian una masa a nivel del esófago cervical y torácico transmural, que obstruye la luz y ejerce el efecto de masa sobre la tráquea. Se realizó una biopsia que reportó un tumor fusocelular con inmunohistoquímica positiva para el marcador S100, por lo que se diagnosticó un schwannoma esofágico. En la actualidad, la paciente se encuentra en controles periódicos y en espera del concepto por oncología clínica para proponer tratamiento no quirúrgico dado el compromiso adyacente. Conclusión: Ante la sospecha de tumor primario de esófago, la primera impresión diagnóstica según la incidencia será un leiomioma, pero con nuestro reporte de caso de schwannoma esofágico, se resalta que, en un cuadro clínico no usual, este es un diagnóstico diferencial que requiere atención precoz para evitar complicaciones y secuelas en los pacientes.
Hemorragia de vías digestivas altas por presentación atípica de adenocarcinoma endometrial metastásico en el estómago. Tipificación diagnóstica con recursos endoscópicos
Authors: Mendoza Saavedra Jairo Enrique , Monzón Duarte Juan Sebastián , Tovar Fierra Germán Manuel , García Ardila María Emma , Mendoza Valbuena Gloria Liliana
Published: April 2021

El cáncer de endometrio es la neoplasia ginecológica maligna más frecuente en el sexo femenino. Su presentación metastásica se limita principalmente a los órganos vecinos y ganglios cercanos, y es infrecuente la invasión al tubo digestivo superior. En el presente artículo se presenta una paciente que ingresó al servicio de urgencias con cuadro de hemorragia de vías digestivas altas, enfocado inicialmente como un tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) de la pared gástrica, pero que luego de la realización de una adecuada historia clínica, complementada con imágenes diagnósticas y avances ecoendoscópicos, se logró el diagnóstico de metástasis de cáncer de endometrio.
Hematoma subcapsular hepático post – CPRE: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rey Cháves Carlos Eduardo , Benitez Elkin , Gutierrez Infante Fernando , Sabogal Olarte Juan Carlos
Published: April 2021

Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 68 años, sin antecedentes de importancia, que por su cuadro clínico y resultados paraclínicos fue clasificado con riesgo intermedio para coledocolitiasis. En efecto, por medio de colangiorresonancia se realizó el diagnóstico confirmatorio. Fue llevado a colangiopancreatografía retrograda endoscópica en dos ocasiones –la primera fallida por papila intradiverticular–; en el segundo intento (exitoso con extracción del lito), el paciente presentó evolución posprocedimiento tórpida, con marcado dolor abdominal y anemización. Fue llevado a tomografía de abdomen con contraste, la cual confirmó el diagnóstico de hematoma subcapsular. Se decidió implementar el manejo conservador y se logró un control adecuado del sangrado.
Appraisal of national and international uterine fibroid management guidelines: a systematic review
Authors: Amoah Alison , Joseph Nikhitha , Reap Sophie , Quinn Stephen
Published: April 2021

Background Guidelines standardise high-quality evidence-based management
strategies for clinicians. Uterine fibroids are a highly prevalent
condition and may exert significant morbidity. Objectives The purpose of
this study was to appraise national and international uterine fibroid
guidelines using the validated AGREE-II instrument. Selection Strategy
An electronic database search of PubMed and EMBASE from inception to
October 2020 for all published English-language uterine fibroid clinical
practice guidelines was undertaken. Data Collection and Analysis 939
abstracts were screened for eligibility by two reviewers independently.
Three reviewers used the AGREE-II instrument to assess guideline quality
in six domains (scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of
development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial
independence). Recommendations were mapped to allow a narrative
synthesis regarding areas of consensus and disagreement. Main Results
Eight national (AAGL, SOGC 2014, ACOG, ACR, SOGC 2019, CNGOF, ASRM, and
SOGC 2015) and one international guideline (RANZOG) were appraised. The
highest scoring guideline was RANZOG 2001(score 56.5%). None of the
guidelines met the a priori criteria for being high-quality overall
(score >= 66%). There were 166 recommendations across
guidelines. There were several areas of disagreement and uncertainty.
Conclusions There is a need for high-quality fibroid guidelines given
heterogeneity across individuals and a large range of treatment
modalities available. There are also areas of controversy in the
management of fibroids (e.g. Ulipristal acetate, power morcellation)
which also should be addressed in any guidelines. Future guidelines
should be methodologically robust to allow high-quality decision-making
regarding fibroid treatments.
A population genetics study of Pale-winged Starlings, Onychognathus nabouroup, using novel microsatellite markers.
Authors: Munshi Naadhirah , Symes Craig , Maayer Pieter De , Craig Adrian , Henry Laurence , Hausberger Martine , Mollett Jean
Published: April 2021

Recent research into starling species has revealed the existence of
vocal social markers and a link between song temporal structuring and
social organisation. The aim of the present study was to develop a
genetic tool for understanding the population structuring and behaviour
(social/parental transmission) and mating in Pale-winged Starlings
(Onychognathus nabouroup), a songbird which is found in arid
areas of southern Africa. Using next-generation sequencing,
microsatellite markers comprising six dinucleotides, eighteen
trinucleotides and twenty-four tetra-nucleotides specific to the
Pale-winged Starling were isolated and developed. A total of 77 birds
were sampled from the Augrabies Falls Nature Reserve in South Africa
(n=53) and the Ai Ais-Richtersveld Transfrontier Park resort in Namibia
(n=24), respectively. Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were
genotyped. The statistical programme STRUCTURE revealed four different
genetic clusters within the two populations. There is low genetic
divergence (mean Fst value of 0.01) between the two populations, which
is supported by the mean number of effective migrants (22.45) between
the populations. ML-Relate data analysis indicated that all individuals
sampled from both populations have relatives within and across the two
populations with three exceptions in the Augrabies Falls Nature Reserve
region. Birds from either population migrate and join the other
population maintaining gene flow between the two populations. Each
population has a high degree of genetic diversity present between
individuals. There is little inbreeding and high allelic richness in
both sampled populations, which will allow them to adapt to future
environmental changes. The developed microsatellites have inferred
information for the success of this species. Social structure,
relatedness and behaviour were inferred and regardless of genetic
relationships these birds maintain a stable social environment and
harbour strong social bonds between same and opposite sex group members
as well as mates.
Insights in animal models for translational cardiovascular research：A pharmaceutical industry perspective
Authors: wu ziyin , Cao Liang , Cao Zeyu , Wang Tuanjie , Wang Zhenzhong , Wang Xin , Xiao Wei
Published: April 2021

The pathological mechanisms involved in Heart failure (HF) are complex
and remain controversial. Caused by a variety of predisposing and
exacerbating factors for HF development, the selection of animal models
in current preclinical R&D has been a major challenge. In this review,
we give a comprehensive overview of different models in various species
currently used in HF research, and discuss their general applicability.
In addition, we summarize the preclinical research review of approved
drugs for HF, which provides theoretical and practical guidance for
researchers considering preclinical studies for the treatment of HF.
The mortality analysis of primary prevention patients receiving a cardiac resynchronization defibrillator (CRT-D) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) according to guideline indications in the Improve SCA Study.
Authors: Ching Chi Keong , Hsieh Yu-Cheng , Liu Yen-Bin , Rodriguez Diego , Kim Young-Hoon , Joung Boyoung , Singh Balbir , Huang Dejia , Hussin Azlan , Chasnoits Alexander , OBrien Janet , Cerkvenik Jeffrey , Lexcen Daniel , Dorn Brian Van , Zhang Shu
Published: April 2021

Background: Despite a proven mortality benefit in primary prevention
(PP) patients, the utilization of implantable
cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization
therapy-defibrillators (CRT-D) remains low in many geographies. Purpose:
The objective of this analysis was to examine the mortality benefit in
PP patients by guideline-indicated device type: implantable
cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization
therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D). Methods: Improve SCA was a prospective,
non-randomized, non-blinded multicenter trial that enrolled patients
from regions where ICD utilization is low. PP patient’s CRT-D or ICD
eligibility was based upon the 2008 ACC/AHA/HRS and 2006 ESC guidelines.
Mortality was assessed according to guideline-indicated device type
comparing implanted and non-implanted patients. Cox proportional hazards
methods were used, adjusting for known factors affecting mortality risk.
Results: Among 2,618 PP patients followed for a mean of 20.8 ± 10.8
months, 1,073 were indicated for a CRT-D, and 1,545 were indicated for
an ICD. PP CRT-D-indicated patients who received CRT-D therapy had a
58% risk reduction in mortality compared to those without implant
(adjusted HR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.61, P<0.0001). PP patients
with an ICD indication had a 43% risk reduction in mortality with an
ICD implant compared with no implant (adjusted HR 0.57, 95% CI:
0.41-0.81, P=0.002). Conclusions: This analysis confirms the mortality
benefit of adherence to guideline-indicated implantable defibrillation
therapy for PP patients in geographies where ICD therapy was
underutilized. These results affirm that medical practice should follow
clinical guidelines when choosing therapy for PP patients who meet the
respective defibrillator device implant indication.
Cardiorespiratory effects of NIV-NAVA, NIPPV, and NCPAP shortly after extubation in extremely preterm infants: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Latremouille Samantha , Bhuller Monica , Shalish Wissam , Sant'Anna Guilherme
Published: April 2021

Objective: Investigate the cardiorespiratory effects of non-invasive
neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA), non-synchronized nasal
intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and nasal continuous
positive airway pressure (NCPAP) during the critical period shortly
after extubation. Hypothesis: Levels of non-invasive pressure support
provided and/or presence of synchronization can affect cardiorespiratory
parameters. Study design: Randomized crossover trial. Patient-subject
selection: Infants with birth weight (BW) ≤ 1250g undergoing their first
planned extubation were randomly assigned to all 3 modes following
extubation. Methodology: Electrocardiogram and electrical activity of
the diaphragm (Edi) were recorded during 30min on each mode. Analysis of
heart rate variability (HRV), diaphragmatic activity (Edi area, breath
area, amplitude, inspiratory and expiratory times) and respiratory
variability (RV) were compared between modes. Results: 23 enrolled
infants had full data recordings and analysis: median [IQR]
gestational age = 25.9 weeks [25.2-26.4], BW = 760g [595-900],
and post-natal age 7 [4-19] days. There were no differences in HRV
parameters between modes. During NIV-NAVA and NIPPV, diaphragmatic
activity was significantly lower and RV higher than NCPAP. Delivered
peak inflation pressures (PIPs) were lower during NIV-NAVA than NIPPV
(14 cmH2O [13-16] vs cmH2O 16 [16-17]; p<0.001).
However, due to a significantly higher proportion of assisted breaths
(99% [92-103] vs. 51% [38-82]; p<0.001) NIV-NAVA
provided a higher mean airway pressure (MAP)(9.4 cmH2O [8.2-10.0]
vs. 8.2 cmH2O [7.6-9.3]; p=0.002). Conclusions: NIV-NAVA and NIPPV
applied shortly after extubation were associated with positive
cardiorespiratory effects. This effect was more evident during NIV-NAVA
where patient-ventilator synchronization provided a higher MAP with
lower PIPs.
Preoperative anemia and female gender as risk factors for transfusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with a restrictive transfusion strategy
Authors: Kocyigit Muharrem , Gullu Ahmet , Kocyigit Ozgen Ilgaz , Senay Sahin , Toraman Fevzi , Alhan Cem
Published: April 2021

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion increases morbidity and
mortality after cardiac surgery. Despite the use of patient blood
management methods, blood transfusions may still be needed in cardiac
surgery. This study aims to determine the risk factors for blood
transfusions in isolated coronary bypass graft surgery with the use of a
restrictive transfusion strategy along with individualized patient blood
management. Methods: A total of 198 consecutive patients (28 females,
170 males; age range 38–87) who underwent isolated CABG surgery in
single private hospital using a restrictive transfusion strategy between
April 2015 and October 2020 were included in the study. Patients were
divided into two groups: with RBC transfusion and without RBC
transfusion. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative values were
compared between groups. The risk factors for transfusion and
transfusion probability were analyzed. Results: Preoperative hematocrit
level and female gender (OR: 0.752; 95% CI 0.639–0.884; p = 0.001; OR:
7.874; 95% CI 1.678–36.950; p = 0.009, respectively) were the
statistically significant independent risk factors for red blood cell
transfusion. In female patients, the RBC transfusion probability was
61.08% when the preoperative hematocrit was 30%. The intensive care
unit and hospital stay were longer in the blood transfusion group.
Conclusions: The risk factors for RBC transfusion were preoperative
anemia and female gender in isolated CABG surgery with restrictive blood
transfusion strategies. Keywords: anemia, blood transfusion, coronary
artery bypass, patient blood management, restrictive blood transfusion
A pulsatile chest mass after Bentall procedure: a case report
Authors: Huang Xiaofan , Wang Dashuai , Song Yu , Wu Long
Published: April 2021

Aortic dissection is an aggressive and life-threatening cardiac disease
with highly challenging in surgical operation. Bentall procedure was
potential complications. How to manage them would be important to
improve patient outcomes. In this case, we present a 41-year-old male
patient with iatrogenic aortic dissection. He had aortic valve
replacement and repair of atrial septal defect in 2012. After 5 years,
he suffered reoperation for aortic dissection. A year later the patient
was readmitted for a voluminous pulsatile mass over the anterior thorax,
confirming the presence of a huge pseudoaneurysm originating from the
left coronary bottom performed during the Bentall procedure, requiring a
third operation to repair the hemorrhagic site. The pseudoaneurysm was
common complication after inclusion technique in Bentall procedure. How
to effective hemostasis or tension-free anastomosis was important to
improve patient outcomes.
3D computer model of the Co-Cu-CoS-Cu2S subsystem T-x-y diagram above 800°C
Authors: Lutsyk V.I. , Vorob'eva V.P. , Zelenaya A.E. , Lamueva M.V.
Published: April 2021

The three-dimensional computer model of the Co-Cu-CoS-Cu2S subsystem T-x-y diagram at temperatures above 800?C is represented. It is shown that the liquid immiscibility in the binary subsystem Cu-Cu2S is transformed within the ternary system with Co into the wide two-phase region of two immiscible melts, which interrupts the univariant curve of the Co and Cu2S co-crystallization. The special features of the structure of the solidus surface of cobalt, caused by liquid-phase immiscibility are considered.
The European Union's policy on human rights and Chinese sovereignism: The case of Xinjiang
Authors: Trailovic Dragan
Published: April 2021

The article explores the European Union's approach to human rights issues in
China through the processes of bilateral and multilateral dialogue on human
rights between the EU and the People's Republic of China, on the one hand.
On the other hand, the paper deals with the analysis of the EU's human
rights policy in the specific case of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,
which is examined through normative and political activities of the EU, its
institutions and individual member states. Besides, the paper examines
China's response to the European Union's human rights approaches, in
general, but also when it comes to the specific case of UAR Xinjiang. ?his
is done through a review of China's discourse and behaviour within the
EU-China Human Rights Dialogue framework, but also at the UN level and
within the framework of bilateral relations with individual member states.
The paper aims to show whether and how the characteristics of the EU's
general approach to human rights in China are reflected in the individual
case of Xinjiang. Particular attention shall be given to the differentiation
of member states in terms of their approach to human rights issues in China,
which is conditioned by the discrepancy between their political values,
normative interests and ideational factors, on the one hand, and material
factors and economic interests, on the other. Also, the paper aims to show
the important features of the different views of the European Union and the
Chinese state on the very role of Human Rights Dialogue, as well as their
different understandings of the concept of human rights itself. The study
concluded that the characteristics of the Union's general approach to human
rights in China, as well as the different perceptions of human rights issues
between China and the EU, were manifested in the same way in the case of UAR
Xinjiang.
Feasibility of Simplification From a Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen to a Fixed-Ratio Formulation of Basal Insulin Plus a GLP-1RA or to Basal Insulin Plus an SGLT2 Inhibitor: BEYOND, a Randomized, Pragmatic Trial
Authors: Giugliano Dario , Longo Miriam , Caruso Paola , Fraia Rosa Di , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Gicchino Maurizio , Petrizzo Michela , Bellastella Giuseppe , Maiorino Maria Ida , Esposito Katherine
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

BEYOND trial evaluated the feasibility
of either basal insulin + GLP-1RA (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist),
or basal insulin + SGLT-2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor) to
replace a full basal-bolus insulin (BBI) regimen in participants with type 2
diabetes and inadequate glycemic control.

RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants were randomized (1:1:1)
to: a) intensification of the BBI regimen (n = 101), b) fixed-ratio of basal
insulin + GLP-1RA (fixed-combo group, n = 102), and c) combination of basal insulin
+ SGLT-2i (gliflo-combo group, n = 102). The primary efficacy outcome was
change from baseline in HbA1c at 6 months.

RESULTS

Baseline
characteristics were similar among the 3 groups (mean HbA1c was 8.6%, 70 mmol/mol).
At 6 months, patients experienced similar reduction in HbA1c level (-0.6 ± 0.8,
-0.6 ± 0.8, -0.7 ± 0.9%, mean ± SD, respectively, noninferiority P < 0.001
vs BBI) and the proportion of patients with HbA1c ≤7.5% was also similar (34%,
28% and 27%, respectively, P = 0.489). Total insulin dose increased in BBI
group (62 U/day), and decreased both in the fixed-combo and gliflo-combo groups
(27 U and 21 U/day, respectively, P <0.01). The proportion of patients with hypoglycemia
was 17.8%, 7.8% and 5.9%, respectively (P = 0.015). There were 12 drop-outs in
the fixed-combo group, 9 in the gliflo-combo group and none in the BBI group.

CONCLUSIONS

BEYOND
provides evidence that it is possible and safe to switch from a BBI regimen to either a once daily
fixed-combo injection or once daily gliflozin added to basal insulin, with
similar glucose control, less insulin doses, less injections daily, and less
hypoglycemia.
The Potential of a Bioactive, Pre-reacted, Glass-Ionomer Filler Resin Composite to Inhibit the Demineralization of Enamel in Vitro
Authors: Leão IF , Araújo N , Scotti CK , Mondelli RFL , de Amoêdo Campos Velo MM , Bombonatti JFS
Published: April 2021

Clinical Relevance

A prereacted, glass-ionomer filler fluoride-containing resin composite had lower remineralization potential than glass-ionomer cements but was able to inhibit enamel demineralization; thus, it may be an option for restoring dental surfaces for patients at high risk of caries.

Evidence is lacking on the use of surface prereacted glass-ionomer filler resin composites to inhibit demineralization and that simulate real clinical conditions. The present laboratory study evaluated the potential of such composites to prevent demineralization and quantified fluoride (F) and other ions released from restorative materials after a dynamic pH-cycling regimen applied to the tooth material interface in vitro. The pH-cycling regimen was assessed by measuring surface hardness (SH) along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Methods and Materials:

Ninety blocks of bovine enamel were subjected to composition analysis with EDX, and were further categorized based on SH. The blocks were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups (n=15 each): F IX (Fuji IX Extra; GC Corporation); IZ (Ion Z, FGM); F II (Fuji II LC, GC Corporation); B II (Beautifil II, Shofu); F250 (Filtek Z250 XT, 3M ESPE); and NT (control, no treatment). The blocks were subjected to a dynamic pH-cycling regimen at 37°C for 7 days concurrently with daily alternations of immersion in demineralizing/remineralizing solutions. EDX was conducted and a final SH was determined at standard distances from the restorative materials (150, 300, and 400 μm).

Results:

The EDX findings revealed a significant increase in F concentration and a decrease in Ca2+ in the enamel blocks of group B II after the pH-cycling regimen (p<0.05). SH values for groups F IX, IZ, and F II were greater than those for groups B II, F250, and NT at all distances from the materials.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that each of 3 restorative materials, F IX, IZ, and F II, partially inhibited enamel demineralization under a dynamic pH-cycling regimen.
Repair Bond Strength of High-viscosity Glass-ionomer Cements Using Resin Composite Bonded with Light- and Self-cured Adhesive Systems
Authors: El-Deeb HA , Mobarak EH
Published: April 2021

Clinical Relevance

High-viscosity glass-ionomer cements (HVGICs) used with atraumatic restorative treatment can be repaired with light- or self-cured adhesive systems; however, the repair bond strength of two-step, self-etching and one-step adhesives in the light-cure mode surpass one-step self-cure adhesives. Working on a feasible self-cure approach in the absence of such in rural areas as well as in war zones is of prime importance.

Objectives:

Despite the success rate of high-viscosity glass-ionomer cements (HVGICs) used in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations, partial or bulk fracture of the proximal portion has been recorded to be one of the main causes of proximal restoration failures. Repair of these restorative materials requires a practical solution, especially in cases where there is a lack of electricity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair microshear bond strength (μSBS) of three HVGICs using a resin composite in association with adhesive systems having different curing modes (ie, light- vs self-curing mode).

Methods and Materials:

A total of 105 discs (12 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) of three HVGICs: GC Fuji IX GP Fast (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan); Fuji IX GP glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan); and ChemFil Rock zinc-reinforced HVGIC (Dentsply De-Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) were prepared. Each specimen was divided into three horizontal sections, according to the tested adhesive system or curing mode: Clearfil SE Bond 2 (two-step, self-etch adhesive); (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in light-cure mode; Clearfil Universal Bond (one-step, self-etch adhesive); (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in light-cure mode; or Clearfil Universal Bond (one-step, self-etch adhesive); (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in self-cure mode, mixing it with Clearfil DC Activator (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan). A resin composite microcylinder was bonded to each horizontal section of each specimen using starch tubes. The bonded discs were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours. A μSBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine, while failure modes were determined using scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=0.05).

Results:

Two-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect for the adhesive systems (p<0.01) and not for the HVGICs (p=0.05) nor their interactions (p=0.99). When using Clearfil SE Bond 2 and Clearfil Universal in a light-cure mode, significantly higher μSBS values were found when compared with Clearfil Universal in a self-cure mode.

Conclusions:

The three tested HVGICs can be successfully repaired using two-step or one-step self-etch adhesive systems. The one-step self-etch adhesive system in light-cure mode is preferred when compared with the self-cure mode.