bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analise dos benefícios da cinesioterapia laboral a curto, médio e longo prazo: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Iackstet Leandro , Gonçalves Ana Carolina Barbosa Faria , Soares Silvia Fiorillo Cabrera
Published: June 2018

A revolução industrial trouxe o desenvolvimento e o capitalismo para a humanidade, a busca pelo lucro promoveu o aumento na jornada de trabalho e consigo as lesões e doenças relacionadas ao trabalho. A falta de organização associada ao grande esforço do trabalhador ocasionou o cansaço físico e mental o que o tornou suscetível a desenvolver LER/DORT. Devido a isso, o fisioterapeuta atua nas empresas aplicando a cinesioterapia laboral para prevenir e minimizar tais problemas de saúde e promover o bem estar, saúde e produtividade para a empresa.  Dentro deste contexto este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura a fim de verificar os benefícios da cinesioterapia laboral a curto, médio e longo prazo, e verificar se a implantação de um projeto de cinesioterapia laboral promove melhora nas condições de trabalho, bem como a redução da fadiga no trabalho e aumenta da eficácia e produtividade. Como metodologia foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, com pesquisa em bases de dados e os artigos selecionados foram analisados. Como resultados, verificou-se que a prática da cinesioterapia laboral traz benefícios ao trabalhador verificados em curto prazo (à partir de um mês de implantação), melhorando a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores, promovendo impacto positivo no seu dia a dia e em sua jornada de trabalho, além de contribuir para a empresa no sentido de maior eficácia no trabalho e redução do absenteísmo e afastamentos médicos.Descritores: Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento; Exposição Ocupacional; Ergonomia; Revisão.
Cárie dentária e fatores associados em crianças de 5 anos de idade do município de Patos-PB
Authors: Queiroz Faldryene de Sousa , Costa Luciana Ellen Dantas , Santos Kaline Lays Silva , Simões Thamyres Maria Silva , Silva Paula Vanessa da
Published: June 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre cárie dentária, hábitos alimentares e de higiene e a percepção dos pais sobre saúde bucal de crianças na faixa etária de 5 anos de idade do município de Patos-PB. A pesquisa foi realizada com 243 crianças de 5 anos de idade, matriculadas em creches públicas do município de Patos/PB e seus respectivos pais/responsáveis. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se os índices IHOS e ceo-d, e aplicou-se questionários aos pais avaliando hábitos alimentares e de higiene e sua percepção sobre saúde bucal. Para avaliar a associação entre a cárie dentária e os fatores associados utilizou-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado (p<0,05). O índice ceo-d médio foi de 3,11. Houve a associação significativa entre a cárie e o índice de higiene oral (p=0,016), uso da mamadeira (p=0,016) e a percepção dos pais se a cárie é transmissível (p=0,003). É alta a prevalência de cárie em pré-escolares do município de Patos-PB e os hábitos alimentares, de higiene bucal, bem como o conhecimento dos cuidadores sobre o tema, podem influenciar diretamente no aparecimento da doença.Descritores: Cárie Dentária; Pré-Escolar; Saúde Bucal.
Implante imediato associado à infecção periapical crônica: relato de caso clinico
Authors: Mattos Thiago Borges , Mendes Felipe Campos , Suzuki Thaís Yumi Umeda , Gulinelli Jéssica Lemos , Galito Paola Ferreira , Santos Pâmela Leticia
Published: June 2018

A busca por novas técnicas cirúrgicas preservando a integridade dos tecidos periodontais associado à reabilitação com implantes dentários favorece a qualidade estética e funcional, garantindo assim a satisfação dos pacientes. O objetivo do trabalho foi demonstrar a reabilitação com implante imediato em alvéolo com infecção associado a provisionalização imediata e proservação de 36 meses após a reabilitação final.  Paciente apresentou-se com elemento 24 com mobilidade grau III, defeitos ósseos ao redor do dente, drenagem purulenta e bolsa profunda à sondagem de (>7 mm). Foi utilizado o protocolo de regeneração óssea guiada (ROG) com o substituto ósseo para preenchimento do “gap” entre o implante e o osso alveolar, com o uso de tela de titânio para ganho ósseo vertical e horizontal e membranas autólogas de fibrina obtidas através do processo de centrifugação e preparo. Após o período de osseointegração, foram realizados procedimentos de moldagem personalizada para a reabilitação final com prótese metalocerâmica. No período de 36 meses de acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico não há sintomatologia dolorosa, infecção, mobilidade do implante e perda óssea peri-implantar acentuada. O paciente apresentou-se satisfeito com relação à estética e função protética.Descritores: Infecção; Implantes Dentários; Reabilitação Oral.
Condilectomia alta associada à cirurgia ortognática para tratamento de hiperplasia condilar ativa: relato de caso
Authors: Dias Leandro da Cunha , Ferreira Caleb Rogério Caetano
Published: June 2018

A hiperplasia condilar é uma doença caracterizada pelo crescimento do côndilo mandibular de forma patológica e progressiva, acarretando seu aumento de tamanho e volume, e cuja etiologia ainda é desconhecida. Quando a hiperplasia encontra-se em atividade, abordagem cirúrgica pode ser necessária para remoção do centro de crescimento condilar ativo. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma hiperplasia condilar unilateral ativa em uma paciente jovem do sexo feminino, que foi tratada por condilectomia alta, associada à cirurgia ortognática maxilo-mandibular, para correção de deformidade dentofacial desenvolvida. A paciente encontra-se com um ano de acompanhamento pós-operatório, sem recidiva da hiperplasia e sem sintomatologia articular, com a oclusão estável e resolução da assimetria facial. A condilectomia alta em combinação à cirurgia ortognática, como forma de tratamento da hiperplasia condilar unilateral ativa, mostrou ser eficaz, estável e previsível.Descritores: Articulação Temporomandibular; Côndilo Mandibular; Disco da Articulação Temporomandibular; Artroplastia; Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos.
Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one Derivatives Using Activated Montmorillonite as Catalyst
Authors: Mekki Sofiane , Krabia Lahcen , Mohamed Saleh Mahmoud Saleh , Saidi-Besbes Salima
Published: June 2018

An efficient catalytic synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one derivatives using
copper (II), iron (III) and zinc (II) exchanged montmorillonite clays as a catalyst is described. The desired
products were obtained in good yields.
Nucleophilic Vinyl/Allyl, CF3 and CF2α Perfluoroalkyl Groups Substitution and/or E1CB Elimination Reactions of Fluorine Atom(s) in Organofluorinated Compounds
Authors: Mekni Nejib Hussein
Published: June 2018

Direct substitution and elimination reactions of the fluorine atoms of difluoromethylene CF2α groups of nonspaced perfluoroalkyl chains, CF3 groups are very difficult to achieve. But, they become feasible with fluoro-alkenes, alkynes, imines or carbonyl derivatives, for which vinylic substitution and related carbanion-mediated pathways are available. In this review, we classify the major and unique fluorine substitution/elimination and rearrangement reactions and discuss their contribution to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
Old Strategies and New Perspectives in Modulating the Endocannabinoid System
Authors: Antonella Brizzi , Federica Pessina
Published: June 2018

Endocannabinoid System (ES) has gained over the years a leading position in scientific research
thanks to its involvement in numerous patho/physiological conditions. Accordingly, its main
components, such as receptors, enzymes and mediators, have become important drug targets for the
management of diseases where it is dysregulated. Within the manuscript, several classes of cannabinergic
ligands are examined, emphasizing molecules coming from the natural world, unique source of active
compounds. Firstly, the endogenous lipid ES modulators are described, starting from the major
endocannabinoids to the plethora of endocannabinoid congeners. Afterwards, Cannabis-derived cannabinoids,
namely well-known phytocannabinoids and new constituents from different varieties of Cannabis,
are reviewed also mentioning the huge effort of pharmaceutical research in obtaining synthetic
analogues. Finally, an overview of peptides and miscellaneous natural products points out new opportunities
to modulate ES, offering an enormous chemical heterogeneity. Accordingly, hemopressin and
related peptides, plant-derived alkylamides, terpenoid derivatives, neolignans and examples from the
marine world can provide interesting hints and original ideas to develop new cannabinergic compounds.
Formation of Regular Domain Structures in Quenched Ferroelectrics Under the Influence of an External High-frequency Electric Field
Authors: Stefanovich L.I. , Mazur O.Y. , Sobolev V.V.
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Within the framework of the phenomenological theory of phase transitions of
the second kind of Ginzburg-Landau, the kinetics of ordering of a rapidly quenched highly nonequilibrium
domain structure is considered using the lithium tantalate and lithium niobate crystals as an example.

Experimental:

Using the statistical approach, evolution equations describing the formation of the domain
structure under the influence of a high-frequency alternating electric field in the form of a standing
wave were obtained. Numerical analysis has shown the possibility of forming thermodynamically
stable mono- and polydomain structures. It turned out that the process of relaxation of the system to
the state of thermodynamic equilibrium can proceed directly or with the formation of intermediate
quasi-stationary polydomain asymmetric phases.

Results:

It is shown that the formation of Regular Domain Structures (RDS) is of a threshold character
and occurs under the influence of an alternating electric field with an amplitude less than the critical
value, whose value depends on the field frequency. The conditions for the formation of RDSs with a
micrometer spatial scale were determined.

Conclusion:

As shown by numerical studies, the RDSs obtained retain their stability, i.e. do not disappear
even after turning off the external electric field. Qualitative analysis using lithium niobate crystals
as an example has shown the possibility of RDSs formation in high-frequency fields with small amplitude
under resonance conditions
Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids in a Rotating System: A Convective Boundary Layer Flow
Authors: Parvathi M. , Leelaratnam A. , Raju M.C.
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Convective heat and mass transfer in nanofluids is a topic of major contemporary
interest in both science and technology. In view of this, an unsteady MHD free convective flow of
nanofluids through a porous medium bound by a moving vertical semi-infinite permeable flat plate with
a constant heat source and convective boundary condition in a rotating frame of reference is studied
theoretically.

Experimental:

The novelty is the consideration of constant heat source and convective boundary condition
in a rotating frame. The velocity along the plate i.e., slip velocity is assumed to oscillate in time
with constant frequency so that the solutions of the boundary layer are of the same oscillatory type. The
dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using small perturbation
approximation. Two types of nanofluids, namely Cu-water and Al2O3-water are used.

Results:

The effects of various parameters on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are discussed
through graphs and tables.

Conclusion:

An increase in the convective parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction leads to increase
the thermal boundary layer thickness but opposite effect occurs for heat generation.
Introduction
Authors: Paradis Patricia , Fehr Colton
Published: June 2018

A story describing a young girl learning the tradition of beading from her grandmother ended the first day of the Reconciliation: Wahkohtowin conference held in Edmonton, Alberta on September 22 and 23, 2017. This was one of several Wahkohtowin ‘teaching and learning practice’ moments woven throughout the conference, designed to immerse participants in the concept. It juxtaposed a prior heartfelt plea by one of the elders in attendance for the imminent need for change in how Indigenous peoples are treated in Canada. These two very different stories, echoed by many elders who spoke, and seen in performances by Indigenous hoop dancers and an Inuit throat singer, added complexity to the thoughtful presentations given by academics from across the country. The totality created a unique experience which was transforming for some and at various points enlightening or frustrating for others.
The Association of NPOs and Compulsory Education Aid in China
Authors: Weng Shihong
Published: June 2018

Previous research has linked the activities of the non-profit sector to desired aid outcomes in China, such as improved public-service quality. However, issues related to the role of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in compulsory education aid have received little attention. This study draws on Dennis Young's complementarity theory - one of the most prominent non-profit theories - in examining the necessity and feasibility of NPO aid to Chinese compulsory education. In addition, it undertakes exploratory research in order to test an integrated model. Based on both data collected in surveys and statistical data from 263 Chinese county-level jurisdictions in five provinces, this study concludes that NPO aid can positively influence compulsory education outcomes in mainland China. Its main contribution is to expand our understanding of NPOs and offer insights on how public managers can improve governance.
Perceptions and Motivations of Osteopathic Medical Students to Participate in the ACGME Match
Authors: Amour Bruce St.
Published: June 2018

Each year the majority of osteopathic students do not participate in the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) match. The ongoing merger of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and AOA graduate medical education does not delineate formation of a single match process. This qualitative study explores the perceptions of osteopathic medical students about the matching process and perceived differences between the matches.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with third and fourth year osteopathic medical students. Transcripts were analyzed using Grounded Theory. The replies to each question were considered separately as well as in context of the entire interview.

Eleven medical students were interviewed. Many of the themes found in the current study are consistent with past surveys. Local culture, lifestyle balance and geographic location were the themes found under Home Life, whereas Academic or Work Life consisted of good fit, diversity of patients, hands-on experience and formal educational process.

Two broad themes were developed: Home Life and Academic Life. A perceived balance between the two is necessary for a residency program to have substantial appeal.
[INCISO]
Authors: Aspillaga Carina
Published: June 2018

La sección [INCISO] sólo tiene numeración interna y no es indexada. Recoge manifestaciones artísticas de la región de Valparaíso, Chile, expuestas en el formato de la revista Panambí, tales como fotografías, dibujos, manifiestos, escritos experimentales, partituras o expresiones similares. Una de estas imágenes se incluye en la portada de la revista, distribuyéndose las demás a lo largo de las páginas interiores, en diálogo con las demás contribuciones. La publicación en [INCISO] se realiza por invitación expresa de los editores. No obstante, los interesados pueden escribirnos para eventualmente publicar sus trabajos. Para ello, se requiere únicamente indicar nombre, afiliación institucional, organizacional u ocupación del autor y correo electrónico. Se entiende que la contribución es objeto de una construcción artística desde su comienzo.En Panambí n. 6, la invitada es Carina Aspillaga, actriz y directora teatral, quien nos presenta [Teatro La Washa: Caótica / MaríaClara].
The tradeoff of intellectual property rights reconsidered
Authors: Antonelli Cristiano
Published: June 2018

Intellectual property rights have a twin effect on the economic system.On the one hand they increase the incentives to the introduction of new technologicalknowledge. On the other they increase the costs of the generation ofnew knowledge because they limit the access to an indispensable input such asexisting knowledge. A tradeoff between such positive and negative effects canbe formalized so as to identify of the ‘correct’ levels of knowledge rents...
IPR, Innovation and Public Interest. Is the new IPR regime enforced worldwide by the TRIPS sustainable?
Authors: Coriat Benjamin , Orsi Fabienne
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses about the implications of the emergence of a newIPR regime in three dimensions: (1) the basic an upstream research; (2) theNorth-South trade-related inequalities and conflicts; and, (3) the social usefulnessof patent grants. The article pays major attetion on IPR over healthcareand alive organisms and its threatment in TRIPS agreement.
Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Healthcare: Unanswered questions in Theory and Policy
Authors: Srinivas Smita
Published: June 2018

Intellectual property regimes are usually presumed to exert positiveinducements on technological innovation. However, given the dire nature ofaccess to critical health technologies for most of the world’s population, it isworth revisiting this assumption for health technologies. This paper situatesintellectual property rights (IPRs) for health technologies at the intersectionof three fields: innovation studies, welfare theories, and international politicaleconomy. It revisits the conceptual underpinnings of property rights with particularrelevance for needs of today’s industrializing, or so-called “developing”countries. This paper argues that the debates on IPR have poorly exploredcounterfactuals in pharmaceuticals and biotechnologies where other meansof inducement may exist and innovations may arise in conditions where IPR iseither absent or irrelevant. To do this, it first discusses utility as a basis for IPRsand the challenges –philosophical, theoretical and most importantly, practical- intranslating this to real-world use. It draws on history to analyze pharmaceuticalprior drug generations and alternate inducements. The article offers a novelconceptual framework to study innovation in developing contexts where IPR can be specifically situated. If the real goal is accessible and affordable healthcare- anissue of immense importance worldwide- then we may need to cease barking upthe wrong tree of intellectual property rights.
Agronegócio e investimento direto estrangeiro: uma análise do impacto sobre as exportações brasileiras
Authors: Fernandes Elaine Aparecida , Coelho Alexandre Bragança
Published: June 2018

O agronegócio sempre contribuiu com superávits expressivos nabalança comercial. Esses superávits serviram para contrabalançar déficits existentesem outros setores da economia. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalhoé avaliar, por meio da análise multivariada discriminante, se a entrada de IDE(investimento direto estrangeiro) no agronegócio levou a um aumento da exportaçãodo setor. Os resultados mostraram que o volume de IDE não possuiqualquer relação na distinção entre os grupos de atividades que mais e/ou menosexportam, o que sugere que seu montante não está relacionado com maioresquantidades exportadas.
As Intrincadas Relações entre Política Fiscal e Creditícia no Brasil Pós-2008
Authors: Afonso José Roberto R.
Published: June 2018

A política fiscal brasileira em resposta à crise mundial foi tímida nos estímulos tradicionais, comparada a do resto do mundo, mas inovou ao conceder volumosos e crescentes empréstimos aos bancos públicos a custa da emissão de títulos governamentais. Este artigo analisa a forma peculiar como passaram a interagir as políticas fiscal e creditícia no País, em que se realça, dentre outros aspectos, governo com um patamar alto de dívida (bruta) e uma carteira de crédito superior a dos maiores bancos do país, empresas cada vez mais líquidas e menos endividadas, e a taxa de investimento nacional que segue reduzida.
Empreendedorismo, Microcrédito e Superação da Miséria no Brasil: pontos em debate
Authors: Lavinas Lena , Martins Paula
Published: June 2018

O governo Dilma Roussef estabeleceu como meta degoverno a erradicação da miséria no Brasil até 2014. Lançou, assim, o ProgramaBrasil Sem Miséria, cujo objetivo é, através da integração de um conjunto deintervenções, enfrentar a multidimensionalidade da pobreza. De um lado, mantémas transferências de renda do Programa Bolsa Família, agora ampliadas paradirimir falhas de cobertura do público-alvo. De outro, compromete-se em levaraos mais destituídos os serviços públicos de que carecem, permitindo-lhes aindaadentrar o universo da capacitação profissional, como porta de saída damiséria. Espera-se, assim, proporcionar reais oportunidades de inclusãoprodutiva aos que vivem na pobreza extrema. Este artigo tem por objetivolevantar alguns alertas sobre a estratégia que se vislumbra como central àoperacionalização do Programa Brasil Sem Miséria, apontando suas debilidades eriscos, ao final do primeiro ano de sua implementação.
Infraestructuras Públicas y Desarrollo Económico en México
Authors: Elenes Jorge Rafael Figueroa
Published: June 2018

En este trabajo se analizan las posicionesrelativas de las entidades federativas mexicanas en cuanto a las dotaciones deinfraestructuras públicas. Se construyen dos ordenaciones de prioridades en laasignación regional de la inversión pública en infraestructuras. La primeraestá basada en una estimación de la contribución de las diferencias endotaciones de infraestructuras a las desigualdades regionales. La segunda en laaproximación de la rentabilidad social de la inversión pública eninfraestructuras en cada región. El propósito del ordenamiento y lasestimaciones, es obtener una medida de la dotación efectiva de infraestructuraen las entidades federativas.
Moeda, Inércia, Conflito, o Fisco e a Inflação: Teoria e Retórica dos Economistas da PUC-RJ
Authors: Bastos Carlos Pinkusfeld Monteiro , Neto Mario Rubens De Mello
Published: June 2018

Este artigo analisa as transformações na abordagem teórica e na prática de política dos autores ligados ao Departamento de Economia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ). Mostrar-se-á que nos seus primeiros esforços esses economistas propuseram uma agenda não convencional, oposta aos economistas brasileiros ortodoxos e aos programas de estabilização do FMI. Através de estimativas para Curvas de Phillips esses autores identificaram a inflação brasileira como, preponderantemente, inercial, o que os levou a desenhar estratégias de estabilização que pudessem eliminar tal componente. Surgiram propostas de política econômica que acabaram conhecidas como Choques Heterodoxos, ou seja, programas de desinflação de choque, com redução drástica das taxas de inflação e que seriam neutros do ponto de vista distributivo. Essas políticas foram postas em prática através do planejamento e execução do Plano Cruzado. Esse plano fracassou e os seus autores e gestores saíram do Governo, retornando para planejar e executar outro plano de estabilização, o Plano Real, dessa vez com enorme sucesso. Entretanto, nessa segunda passagem pelo centro de decisão e execução de políticas econômicas, esse grupo de economistas, a despeito de utilizarem-se, na prática, de teorias e instrumentos para políticas de estabilização filiadas a abordagem “heterodoxa”, adotaram uma interpretação ortodoxa para o fenômeno inflacionário.
Taxa de Juros e Regime de Metas de Inflação: Uma Análise Empírica para a Economia Brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Luma De , Abrita Mateus Boldrine
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo verificar como variáveis macroeconômicas selecionadas respondem a choques na taxa de juros básica da economia brasileira, com o propósito de verificar a eficácia do Regime de Metas de Inflação. Ou seja, analisar  variáveis, como a taxa de desemprego, a produção industrial, o índice de credibilidade e a taxa de inflação, respondem a mudanças no  principal instrumento de política monetária e quais os custos socioeconômicos alcançados por estas mudanças. Portanto, foi desenvolvido um modelo de Vetores Autoregressivos para a economia brasileira no período de janeiro de 2002 a outubro de 2013 e, assim, analisadas as principais ferramentas provenientes deste modelo. Os principais resultados alcançados foram que: existe uma grande defasagem entre mudanças na taxa de juros e a resposta da taxa de inflação; a variação em relação à taxa de desemprego a mudanças nos juros é mínima; e, a produção industrial é altamente prejudicada por alterações na taxa de juros.
Efeitos do Salário Mínimo: A Literatura Empírica no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Gonzaga Gustavo , Tepedino Pedro Bessone
Published: June 2018

Este artigo faz uma revisão da literatura empírica sobre os efeitos do salário mínimo sobre o mercado de trabalho no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. O artigo é organizado em duas partes. Na primeira parte, tratamos da literatura americana sobre os efeitos dos pisos salariais sobre o nível de emprego, descrevendo as técnicas utilizadas desde o seu começo até o presente. A segunda parte é dedicada à literatura do Brasil, a qual foca não apenas no nível de empregos, mas também nos efeitos do salário mínimo sobre o setor informal da economia, na distribuição salarial e no nível de cumprimento da legislação trabalhista.
A Evolução Recente do Tamanho do Programa de Abono Salarial
Authors: Corseuil Carlos Henrique Leite , Foguel Miguel Nathan , Tomelin Leon Faceira
Published: June 2018

O principal objetivo deste artigo é analisar a evolução da quantidade de elegíveis ao programa de Abono Salarial na última década. Particular atenção é dada à contribuição relativa ao aumento de beneficiários oriunda da valorização do salário mínimo vis-à-vis àquela oriunda da formalização do mercado de trabalho. Para isso analisamos a influência dos critérios básicos de elegibilidade (faixa de remuneração, tempo de emprego e inscrição no PIS/PASEP) sobre a escala do programa. Também é objeto de nossa análise o potencial impacto que as alterações recentemente propostas pela MP 665 podem ter. Os principais resultados apontam para um crescimento do programa impulsionado pela entrada de trabalhadores no mercado formal. Por sua vez, as mudanças propostas pela MP 665 afetariam os beneficiários devido à exigência de 6 meses trabalhados ininterruptamente, porém sem alterações significativas no perfil dos beneficiários, ao menos nas variáveis observadas neste estudo.
“Bancor do Sul”: Análise Comparativa entre o Plano Keynes e o SUCRE
Authors: Freitas Alexandre Jerônimo de , Fernandes Marcelo Pereira
Published: June 2018

A integração econômica da América do Sul perpassa a questão da maior regionalização monetária do sub-continente, tornando necessária uma análise mais aprofundada dos mecanismos regionais de pagamento - dentre eles o Sistema Único de Compensación Regional de Pagos (SUCRE). Em busca de compreender melhor este sistema, serão analisados os fundamentos do Plano Keynes de reforma do sistema monetário internacional. Tendo sido este a inspiração da criação do sucre, uma análise comparativa poderá contribuir para identificar seus principais elementos, seus mecanismos de operação e seus possíveis problemas.
Lei da escassez e comportamento econômico: uma leitura institucional
Authors: Pereira Adriano José , Marin Solange
Published: June 2018

O artigo discute a “lei da escassez”, considerando sua validade como conceito elementar da Ciência Econômica e como definidor de comportamento como escolha racional, conforme defendido pelo mainstream economics, inclusive na sua vertente institucional (Nova Economia Institucional). A partir de um referencial teórico “institucionalista-evolucionário” propõe-se uma compreensão da Ciência Econômica a partir da interação entre sujeito e objeto, em que as instituições (meios e fins do processo de mudança), são fundamentais tanto para o desenvolvimento das economias como para o comportamento dos indivíduos. Contesta-se, portanto, os pressupostos teórico-conceituais que ainda sustentam a “lei da escassez”, para mostrar seus limites como um conceito fundamental na Economia.
Economia, moeda, zero
Authors: Galvan Cesare Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

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Análise de bem-estar e decomposição por fatores da queda na desigualdade entre 1995 e 2004
Authors: Soares Sergei Suarez Dillon
Published: June 2018

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Money as a positional good and global power asymmetries: Reflections on "Positional goods and asymmetric development"
Authors: Dymski Gary A.
Published: June 2018

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Levar a concorrência a sério: a evolução da política de concorrência em Portugal
Authors: Soares António Goucha
Published: June 2018

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DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR WITH 3 SLOT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR APPLICATION LTE 2.1 GHz
Authors: Rahayu Yusnita , Pohan Irfan Alwandi
Published: June 2018

A rapid development of telecommunications technology, and over time, the existing network technologies continue to be developed. To create the latest technology called Long Term Evolution (LTE). With the technology that has a high transmission speed, of course, required new devices that can operate on this network. Antennas are needed on these networks is an antenna that is small and easily integrated. In this case, the right antenna to be used is the microstrip antenna. In this paper, which will be designed antenna is an antenna feed line rectangle shapes that can operate at a frequency of 2.1 GHz.
OPTIMIZATION OF GOODS DISTRIBUTION ROUTE ASSISTED BY GOOGLE MAP WITH CHEAPEST INSERTION HEURISTIC ALGORITHM (CIH)
Authors: Hignasari L. Virginayoga , Mahira Eka Diana
Published: June 2018

In the distribution of goods, the efficiency of goods delivery one of which was determined by the path that passed to deliver the goods. The problem of choosing the shortest route was known as the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). To solve the problem of choosing the shortest route in the distribution of goods, the algorithm to be used was Cheapest Insertion Heuristic (CIH). This study aims to determine the minimum distance traveled by using the CIH algorithm.  Researchers determine the route and distance of each place visited by using google map. The concept in the CIH algorithm was to insert an unexpired city with an additional minimum distance until all cities are passed to get the solution of the problem. The step completion problem with CIH algorithm was: 1) search, 2) making sub tour; 3) change the direction of the relationship, 4) repeat the steps so that all places are included in the sub tour. Theoretically, the total distance calculated using the CIH algorithm is 20.2 km, while the total distance calculated previously traveled with the ordered route is 25.2 km. There was a difference of 5 km with the application of CIH algorithm. The difference between the distance certainly has an impact on the optimal distribution of goods to the destination. Therefore, CIH algorithm application can provide a solution for determining the shortest route from the distribution of goods delivery.
Influence of Thermal Stress on Simulated Localized and Generalized Wear of Nanofilled Resin Composites
Authors: Tsujimoto A , Barkmeier WW , Takamizawa T , Latta MA , Miyazaki M
Published: June 2018

Objective:

This study investigated the influence of thermal stress on the simulated localized and generalized wear of nanofilled resin composites.

Methods:

Six nanofilled resin composites were evaluated and then subjected to a wear challenge of 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki (Alabama) wear simulation device after 24 hours of water storage (24-hour group) and 24 hours of water storage and 10,000 thermal cycles (TC group). Simulated localized wear was generated using a stainless-steel ball bearing, and simulated generalized wear was generated using a flat-ended stainless-steel cylinder. Wear testing was accomplished in a water slurry of polymethyl methacrylate beads. Simulated localized and generalized wear was determined using a noncontact profilometer (Proscan 2100) in conjunction with Proscan and AnSur 3D software.

Results:

Wear was significantly different (p<0.05) among the resin composites for both simulated localized and generalized wear of either the 24-hour group or the TC group. The simulated localized wear of the TC group was significantly greater than that of the 24-hour group; however, the simulated generalized wear of most of the resin composites of the TC group was not significantly different from that of the 24-hour group.

Conclusion:

The simulated localized and generalized wear of nanofilled resin composites is material dependent. The simulated localized wear of nanofilled resin composites appears to be influenced by thermal stress, whereas this effect is not as apparent in simulated generalized wear testing.
State Variation in Certifying Manner of Death and Drugs Involved in Drug Intoxication Deaths
Authors: Warner Margaret , Paulozzi Leonard J. , Nolte Kurt B. , Davis Gregory G. , Nelson Lewis S.
Published: June 2018

National statistics on drug intoxication deaths are based solely on data derived from death certificates. This study examines the variation in the manner of death classification by state, and the specificity of drugs involved in drug intoxication deaths by state and by type of death investigation system. The National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death mortality files (2008–2010) were analyzed. Drug intoxication deaths were those with ICD-10 Underlying Cause of Death of X40-X44 (unintentional), X60-X64 (suicide), X85 (homicide), or Y10-Y14 (undetermined intent). Among drug intoxication deaths, deaths involving non-specified drug(s) were those with Multiple Cause of Death (MCOD) of T50.9, and no MCOD in the range T36-T50.8. State death investigation systems were categorized as follows: centralized state medical examiner offices, county/district medical examiners, hybrid, and decentralized county coroners. In 2008–2010, there was an average of over 37,250 drug intoxication deaths per year in the U.S. The manner was undetermined for 8% for the U.S., ranging from 1% to 85% among the states. During 2008–2010, 75% of the drug intoxication deaths had at least one specific drug reported on the death certificate. States with centralized state medical examiner systems had a higher percent (92%) of drugs specified than did those with other systems. Across the U.S., there is variation in the percent of drug intoxication deaths classified as having undetermined manner of death and with specific drugs identified on death certificates. This variation has significant implications for public health surveillance and for prevention efforts.
Alcohol: Pharmacology and Disposition
Authors: Drummer Olaf H.
Published: June 2018

Alcohol is the most common drug detected in forensic cases, is often associated with increased aggression and other disinhibitory behaviors in criminal matters, and frequently contributes to the cause of death in medical examiner cases. Significant adverse effects of alcohol generally manifest at blood alcohol concentrations above 100 mg/dL. In postmortem cases, a number of factors can affect the accuracy of the blood measurement, including site of sampling and putrefactive formation. This paper provides an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and interpretation of alcohol and its concentrations in key specimens, with application to forensic medical cases.
How Alcohol Kills: Alcohol-Attributable and Alcohol-Associated Deaths in a Medical Examiner Population
Authors: Hamilton Leslie E. , Pinckard J. Keith
Published: June 2018

Forensic pathologists frequently encounter the myriad effects of acute and chronic ethanolism and the many ways that alcohol contributes to sudden natural and unnatural deaths. Alcohol may act as risk factor for sudden death or directly participate as a cause of sudden death through its acute and chronic toxic effects. This retrospective descriptive study examines the causes and manner of deaths potentially attributable to alcohol and the results of postmortem toxicology testing for ethanol in unnatural deaths and alcohol-attributable natural deaths over a five-year period in a large medical examiner's office. Ethanol was detected in all types of unnatural deaths as well as alcohol-attributable natural deaths due to the complications of chronic ethanol abuse with a wide range of overlapping concentrations. Of the unnatural deaths involving individuals with a detectable ethanol concentration, 61% were accidents, 25% suicides, and 14% were homicides; ethanol was detected in 40.2% of accidents, 42.0% of suicides, and 53.1% of homicides. Ethanol was also detected in 41% of deaths due to chronic alcoholism. For the unnatural deaths involving intoxicated individuals and deaths due to chronic alcoholism, the deaths were certified as a wide variety of causes. In general, the results are similar to those in the existing literature. Forensic pathologists need to be well-versed in interpreting postmortem ethanol concentrations and determining the role of acute and/or chronic ethanolism in sudden deaths.
Sudden Death and Chronic Alcoholism
Authors: Milroy Christopher M.
Published: June 2018

Alcohol is a common factor in many deaths. Chronic alcoholics may die suddenly from trauma, intoxication, and from preexisting disease. In many cases, there is no obvious cause of death in chronic alcoholics following initial postmortem examination. Determining the cause of death in chronic alcoholics can be challenging. Such deaths in chronic alcoholics may be due to a number of mechanisms, including alcoholic ketoacidosis and disorders of cardiac rhythm. Alcoholic ketoacidosis has been recognized as a cause of death since the 1990s. It can be diagnosed by postmortem analysis of ketone bodies, including acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate. It has been recognized clinically that patients with alcoholic liver disease have prolongation of the QT interval and a risk of sudden death. This paper reviews sudden natural deaths in chronic alcoholics, discussing pathological processes and mechanisms of death, especially where the cause of death is not obvious on initial autopsy.
Neuropathology of Chronic Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Büttner Andreas
Published: June 2018

Alcohol abuse and dependence are serious public health problems worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and legal implications. Therefore, sudden unexpected, suspicious, or violent death in alcohol consuming persons are frequently seen in the forensic setting. Alcohol-induced brain damage is predominantly caused by nutritional deficiencies and repeated withdrawal syndrome. Brain lesions associated with heavy alcohol consumption include brain atrophy, hepatic encephalopathy, and central pontine myelinolysis. In addition, the dementing conditions Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, acquired hepatocerebral degeneration, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, and pellagrous encephalopathy are closely associated with chronic alcohol consumption. In neuroradiological and autopsy studies, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy has been demonstrated in alcoholics. There is a regional selectivity, with the frontal lobes being particularly affected. Moreover, a disproportionate loss of cerebral white matter relative to cerebral cortex suggests that a major neurotoxic effect of chronic alcohol consumption predominantly affects the white matter.
Kayexalate (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate) as a Hallmark and Cause of Gastrointestinal Tract Injury: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Palte Michael J. , Barasch Samuel P. , Mandal Rakesh , Brooks Erin G.
Published: June 2018

Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) is a cation exchange resin that is commonly used for the treatment for hyperkalemia. With the increasing prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus in developed nations, there has been a concordant rise in renal disease and hyperkalemic patients receiving Kayexalate therapy. Gastrointestinal necrosis is a rare but major complication associated with Kayexalate use that has not been previously well characterized in the forensic literature. Kayexalate crystals have a distinctive “mosaic” appearance on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and a characteristic coloration with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and acid-fast stains. As they are relatively easily identified in histologic sections, and may represent a primary or contributory cause of death, it is suggested that forensic pathologists become familiar with these features. We present two cases in which Kayexalate crystals were detected at autopsy. In one case, the crystals were located within the intestinal lumen and mucosa in areas of mucosal ulceration, while in the other, crystals were located on the intestinal serosal surface without apparent mucosal ulceration. We discuss how to interpret the significance of Kayexalate crystals, review prior literature on Kayexalate therapy-related gastrointestinal necrosis, and explain how to notify the Food and Drug Administration of an adverse Kayexalate reaction detected at autopsy.
Sudden Death and an Extra-Adrenal Paraganglioma
Authors: Parai Jacqueline L. , Milroy Christopher M.
Published: June 2018

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are a rare cause of sudden death. We present the case of a 34-year-old male who died suddenly. He had been diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus five days previously and was hypertensive. At autopsy he had a 3.5 cm extra-adrenal mass. Histology of the tumor showed it to be a paraganglioma with the characteristic histological appearance. Postmortem biochemistry revealed a vitreous glucose of 5.9 mmol/L (106 mg/dL) with negative ketones. Urinary catecholamines were measured and revealed raised metanephrine:creatinine and normetanephrine:creatinine ratios. There may be genetic implications in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas as they are associated with a number of hereditary syndromes.
Rules for Establishing Causation in Opiate/Opioid Overdose Prosecutions — The Burrage Decision
Authors: Gilson Thomas P. , Rendon Carole , Pinjuh Joseph
Published: June 2018

As the opiate/opioid crisis has worsened in the United States, one of the law enforcement responses has involved increased efforts to prosecute the individuals responsible for the distribution of illicit drugs that result in overdoses. When mixed intoxications occur, the controlling decision for prosecution is Burrage v. United States (2014), which provides guidance on the types of evidence required for establishment of causation. In many types of legal proceedings, forensic pathologists are called to provide expert testimony, although they may be unaware of the burden of proof that is required in a given case. This paper seeks to elaborate upon the burden of proof in drug overdose prosecutions with the guidance of Burrage and offer insight into the expectations and limitations involved in these cases.
A Fresh Look at the History of SIDS
Authors: Wright James R.
Published: June 2018

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) became a named entity in 1969 and the term has been used to certify sudden unexpected infant deaths meeting certain demographic, epidemiologic, and pathologic criteria. Since it is a diagnosis of exclusion, there is inherent imprecision, and this has led the National Association of Medical Examiners to recommend that these deaths now be classified as “undetermined.” This historical review article briefly analyzes anecdotal instances of SIDS described centuries ago as overlying, smothering, infanticide, and suffocation by bedclothes followed by a more detailed review of “thymic” causes (i.e., thymic asthma and status thymicolymphaticus) popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Before the 1950s, such cases were also often categorized as accidental mechanical suffocation. In the 1940s and 1950s, forensic studies on infants dying unexpectedly revealed a typical pattern of autopsy findings strongly suggestive of natural causation and, after 1969, cases meeting the appropriate criteria were usually categorized as SIDS, a term embraced by the public and by advocacy groups. Research conducted after the 1960s identified important risk factors and generated many theories related to pathogenesis, such as prolonged sleep apnea. The incidence of SIDS deaths decreased sharply in the early 1990s after implementing public awareness programs addressing risk factors such as prone sleeping position and exposure to smoking. Deletion of cases in which death scene investigation suggested asphyxiation and cases where molecular autopsies revealed metabolic diseases further decreased the incidence. This historical essay lays the foundation for debate on the future of the SIDS entity.
Neuropathologic Examination in Sudden Unexpected Deaths in Infancy and Childhood: Recommendations for Highest Diagnostic Yield and Cost-Effectiveness in Forensic Settings
Authors: Folkerth Rebecca D. , Nunez Jacqueline , Georgievskaya Zhanna , McGuone Declan
Published: June 2018

In infants and toddlers (less than four years of age), determination of cause and manner of death often requires a complete autopsy. Few evidence-based guidelines exist regarding optimum nervous system sectioning in this population. Over a six-month interval and using a comprehensive section protocol, we categorized cases having neuropathological findings that were critical (Class A), contributory (Class B), or noncontributory (Class C) to the final cause and manner of death. We further evaluated which sections helped make this determination. Among 53 cases (44 infants, 9 toddlers; 26 girls, 27 boys), Class A neuropathology was noted in nine (16.9%). Seven infants had meningoencephalitis (2/7, 28.6%), craniospinal trauma (3/7, 42.8%), brainstem necrosis suggesting Leigh Disease (1/7, 14.3%), and hydrocephalus in Dandy-Walker malformation (1/7, 14.3%); two toddlers had inflicted craniospinal trauma (2/2, 100%). Class B factors were identified in 11/53 (20.8%), including recent hypoxic-ischemic lesions (2/11, 18.2%), meningitis or dural venous sinus thrombosis in systemic sepsis (2/11, 18.2%), multicystic encephalopathy following peripartum asphyxia (2/11, 18.2%), and microcephaly and delayed myelination (Cri-du-Chat Syndrome) (1/11, 9.09%). Class B also included three toddlers (3/11, 27.2%) with features of hippocampal dysgenesis, two in the setting of febrile seizures. Class C comprised normal brains (3/53, 5.7%), and those with findings of uncertain significance, such as white matter and brainstem gliosis (30/53, 56.6%). The sections most valuable for detection of relevant pathology, and thus recommended for routine sampling, were: 1) bilateral hippocampus; 2) cerebral cortex and leptomeninges; and 3) pons or medulla.