bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the utility of ultrasound to assess disuse atrophy in different muscles of the lower leg
Authors: Hardy Edward J. , Bass Joseph J. , Inns Thomas B. , Piasecki Mathew , Piasecki Jessica , Sale Craig , Morris Robert H. , Lund Jonathan N. , Smith Ken , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Atherton Philip J. , Phillips Bethan E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue crucial for many functions associated with whole‐body health across the life course. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard for measuring skeletal muscle size. However, MRI is expensive, and access to facilities is often limited. B‐mode ultrasonography (U/S) has been proposed as a potential alternative to MRI for the assessment of muscle size. However, to date, no work has explored the utility of U/S to assess disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) across muscles with different atrophy susceptibility profiles, an omission which may limit the clinical application of previous work.

Methods

To address this significant knowledge gap, 10 young men (22 ±  years, 24.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2) underwent 15‐day unilateral leg immobilization using a knee‐brace and air boot. Cross‐sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness (MT) of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were assessed via U/S before and after immobilization, with CSA and muscle volume assessed via MRI.

Results

With both muscles combined, there were good correlations between each U/S and MRI measure, both before (e.g., CSAMRI vs. MTU/S and CSAU/S: r = 0.88 and 0.94, respectively, both P < 0.0001) and after (e.g., VOLMRI vs. MTU/S and CSAU/S: r = 0.90 and 0.96, respectively, both P < 0.0001) immobilization. The relationship between the methods was notably stronger for MG than TA at each time‐point (e.g., CSAMRI vs. MTU/S: MG, r = 0.70, P = 0.0006; TA, r = 0.37, P = 0.10). There was no relationship between the degree of DMA determined by the two methods in either muscle (e.g., TA pre‐ vs. post‐immobilization, VOLMRI: 136 ± 6 vs. 133 ± 5, P = 0.08; CSAU/S: 6.05 ± 0.3 vs. 5.92 ± 0.4, P = 0.70; relationship between methods: r = 0.12, P = 0.75).

Conclusions

Both MTU/S and CSAU/S provide comparable static measures of lower leg muscle size compared with MRI, albeit with weaker agreement in TA compared to MG. Although both MTU/S and CSAU/S can discern differences in DMA susceptibility between muscles, neither can reliably assess degree of DMA. Based on the growing recognition of heterogeneous atrophy profiles between muscles, and the topical importance of less commonly studied muscles (i.e., TA for falls prevention in older adults), future research should aim to optimize accessible methods to determine muscle losses across the body.
Factors associated with handgrip strength across the life course: A systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Leticia W. , Berndt Sara , Mielke Gregore I. , Doust Jenny , Mishra Gita D.
Published: August 2024

Background

Muscle strength is essential for healthy ageing. Handgrip strength (HGS) has been recommended by expert bodies as the preferred measure of muscle strength, in addition to being considered a strong predictor of overall health. Cross‐sectional studies have shown several potential factors associated with HGS, but a systematic review of factors predicting HGS over time has not previously been conducted. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature on the factors associated with adult HGS [at follow‐up(s) or its rate of change] across the life course.

Methods

Searches were performed in MEDLINE via Ebsco, Embase and SPORTDiscus databases. Longitudinal studies assessing potential factors impacting adult HGS over time were included in the analyses. Based on previously established definitions of consistency of results, a semiquantitative analysis was conducted using the proportions of studies supporting correlations with HGS.

Results

A total of 117 articles were included in this review. Factors associated with HGS were grouped into 11 domains: demographic, socioeconomic, genetic, early life, body composition, health markers/biomarkers, health conditions, psychosocial, lifestyle, reproductive and environmental determinants. Overall, 103 factors were identified, of which 10 showed consistent associations with HGS over time (i.e., in at least four studies with ≥60% agreement in the direction of association). Factors associated with greater declines in HGS included increasing age, male sex, higher levels of inflammatory markers and the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Education level, medication use, and self‐rated health were not associated with the rate of change in HGS. Increased birth weight was associated with a stronger HGS over time, whereas depressive symptoms were linked to a weaker HGS, and smoking habits showed null associations.

Conclusions

Comparison between studies and estimation of effect sizes were limited due to the heterogeneity in methods. Although sex and age may be the main drivers of HGS decline, it is crucial to prioritize modifiable factors such as inflammation and cardiovascular diseases in health interventions to prevent greater losses. Interventions to improve birth weight and mental health are also likely to produce positive effects on muscle strength. Our results point to the complexity of processes involving muscle strength and suggest that the need to better understand the determinants of HGS remains.
First soft body morphological data on the tracemaker of the endolithic bryozoan trace fossil Terebripora ramosa d'Orbigny, 1842
Authors: Decker Sebastian H. , Aguilera Felipe , Saadi Ahmed J. , Schwaha Thomas
Published: August 2024

Terebriporidae is one of the four extant endolithic ctenostome bryozoan families, with colonies immersed into carbonate substrates like molluscan shells. This monogeneric family comprises 17 species, with 11 extant and 6 fossil species. It is currently considered closely related to vesicularioid ctenostomes, a group characterized by colonies interconnected by polymorphic stolons and a distinct gizzard as part of their digestive systems. However, confusion persists regarding the correct species identities and affiliations of many terebriporid species, and even the description of the entire family is based solely on a few external features of their boring traces, rendering the family an ichnotaxon (trace fossil). Our molecular analysis does not support a vesicularioid affinity, but corroborate a close relationship to Immergentia, another genus of boring bryozoans. Consequently, this study aims to untangle the systematic confusion surrounding Terebriporidae by examining the tracemaker of the type species of the family, Terebripora ramosa from Chile, and investigating its morphology and histology using modern techniques. The current analysis could not confirm typical vesicularioid characters such as a gizzard or true polymorphic stolons. Instead, all characters point towards a closer relationship to Immergentiidae as suggested by a recent molecular phylogeny. In fact, these two taxa share several characters such as cystid appendages and duplicature bands, and appear closely related, with the only difference being a characteristic vane with tubulets present in the tracemaker of T. ramosa. The sister‐group relationship of the tracemaker and the genus Immergentia infers that these borers share a common boring ancestor, but also emphasizes that additional species from the ichnogenus Terebripora need to be studied for more clarity.
The relevance of ultradeep sequencing for low HIV‐1 viral loads and proviruses in the clinical setting
Authors: Foury Alizée , Saunier Aline , Taverniers Audrey , Pinet Nathalie , Josse Thomas , Jeanmaire Eliette , Emilie Caroline , Schvoerer Evelyne , Hartard Cédric
Published: August 2024

Improving the therapeutic management of HIV‐positive persons is a major public health issue and includes better detection of drug resistance mutations (DRMs). The aim of this study was (i) to explore DRMs in HIV‐1‐positive persons presenting a blood viral load (VL) < 1000 genomes copies (gc)/mL, including the analyze of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and HIV‐DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using ultradeep sequencing (UDS) and (ii), to evaluate how these DRMs could influence the clinical practices. For each patient (n = 12), including five low‐VL patients (i.e., <1000 gc/mL), HIV‐1 UDS targeting the protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase genes was performed on plasma, proviral DNA, and CSF when available. Sequencing discordances or failures were mostly found in samples from low‐VL patients. A 5% UDS cut‐off allowed to increase the sensitivity to detect DRMs in different compartments, excepted in CSF. Patients with the highest viral quasispecies heterogeneity were naïve of treatment or presented a medical history suggesting low selection pressure or virological failures. When analyzing compartmentalization and following‐up patients: low‐frequency variants (LFVs) were responsible for 47% (n = 8) and 76% (n = 13) of changes in drug resistance interpretation, respectively. In such cases, we conclude that UDS is a robust technique, which still could be improved by increase the RNA and/or DNA extraction in low‐VL samples to detect LFVs. Further studies are needed to define the impact of LFVs on antiretroviral treatments. At last, when considering a DRM, the use of mutational load would probably be more suitable than frequencies.
Effect of race/ethnicity on survival in surgically treated intermediate/high risk non‐metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Piccinelli Mattia Luca , Garcia Cristina Cano , Panunzio Andrea , Tappero Stefano , Barletta Francesco , Incesu Reha‐Baris , Tian Zhe , Luzzago Stefano , Mistretta Francesco A. , Ferro Matteo , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Graefen Markus , Briganti Alberto , Terrone Carlo , Antonelli Alessandro , Chun Felix K. H. , de Cobelli Ottavio , Musi Gennaro , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

It is unknown to what extent 10‐year overall survival of radical nephrectomy treated intermediate/high‐risk non‐metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma patients differs from age‐ and sex‐matched population‐based controls, especially when race/ethnicity is considered (Caucasian vs. African American vs. Hispanic vs. Asian/Pacific Islander).

Methods

We relied on the SEER database (2004–2018) to identify newly diagnosed radical nephrectomy treated intermediate/high risk non‐metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma patients. For each case, we simulated an age‐ and sex‐matched control relying on Social Security Administration Life Tables with 10 years of follow‐up. We compared overall survival between renal carcinoma cases and population‐based controls. Multivariable competing risks regression models tested for predictors of cancer‐specific mortality versus other‐cause mortality.

Results

Of 6877 radical nephrectomy treated intermediate/high risk non‐metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma patients, 5050 (73%) were Caucasian versus 433 (6%) African American versus 1002 (15%) Hispanic versus 392 (6%) Asian/Pacific Islanders. At 10 years, overall survival difference between radical nephrectomy treated intermediate/high risk non‐metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma patients versus population‐based controls was greatest in African Americans (51% vs. 81%, Δ = 30%), followed by Hispanics (54% vs. 80%, Δ = 26%), Asian/Pacific Islanders (56% vs. 80%, Δ = 24%) and Caucasians (52% vs. 74%, Δ = 22%). In competing risks regression, only African Americans exhibited significantly higher other cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.1 – 1.6; p = 0.01) than others.

Conclusion

Relative to Life Tables' derived sex‐ and age‐matched controls, radical nephrectomy treated intermediate/high‐risk non‐metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma patients exhibit worse overall survival, with worst overall survival recorded in African Americans of all race/ethnicity groups.
Prognostic implications of margin status in association with systemic treatment in a cohort study of patients with resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Moaven Omeed , Mainali Bigyan B. , Valenzuela Cristian D. , Russell Gregory , Cheung Tanto , Corvera Carlos U. , Wisneski Andrew D. , Cha Charles H. , Stauffer John A. , Shen Perry
Published: August 2024

Background

This study investigates the impact of margin status after colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) resection on outcomes of patients after neoadjuvant treatment versus those who underwent upfront resection.

Methods

An international collaborative database of CLM patients who underwent surgical resection was used. Proportional hazard regression models were created for single and multivariable models to assess the relationship between independent measures and median overall survival (mOS).

Results

R1 was associated with worse OS in the neoadjuvant group (mOS: 51.8 m for R0 vs. 26.0 m for R1; HR: 2.18). In the patients who underwent upfront surgery, R1 was not associated with OS. (mOS: 46.7 m for R0 vs. 42.6 m for R1). When patients with R1 in each group were stratified by adjuvant treatment, there was no significant difference in the neoadjuvant group, while in the upfront surgery group with R1, adjuvant treatment was associated with significant improvement in OS (mOS: 42.6 m for adjuvant vs. 25.0 m for no adjuvant treatment; HR: 0.21).

Conclusion

R1 is associated with worse outcomes in the patients who receive neoadjuvant treatment with no significant improvement with the addition of adjuvant therapy, likely representing an aggressive tumor biology. R1 did not impact OS in patients with upfront surgery who received postoperative chemotherapy.
The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: William Stout R. , Gallo Nina , Torres‐Small Sofia , Okose Okenwa , Zhao Chenhao , Hayes Tristan , Gleysteen John , Wood C. Burton
Published: August 2024

Objective

To determine the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck.

Data Source

Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.

Review Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck from 2006 to 2018, utilizing population‐based data including socioeconomic status (SES) assessed by the US‐based Yost quintile index. SES quintiles ranged from Group 1 (lowest) to Group 5 (highest). We examined disease severity at diagnosis (stage, Breslow thickness, and spread) and survival outcomes (overall survival, cause‐specific survival) to assess the impact of SES.

Results

A total of 53,967 melanomas of the head and neck were identified (14,146 females; 39,821 males; 51,890 white; 125 black; 317 other). Group 1 patients had a significantly higher percentage of end‐stage disease (stage IV) at diagnosis (n = 101; 3.2% vs. n = 280; 1.9%, respectively) (p < .001), increased Breslow thickness (.80 mm vs .60 mm, respectively) (p < .001), and higher percentage of distant disease (n = 152; 3.6% vs. n = 431; 2.1%, respectively) (p < .001). Group 1 patients experienced a higher death rate from melanoma than group 5 patients (n = 585; 14% vs n = 1,753; 8.6%). Survival increased with SES.

Conclusions

When evaluating cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck, low SES is related to more severe disease at diagnosis and worse survival outcomes. Addressing the underlying causes of this relationship could lead to more equitable management and survival outcomes.

Level of Evidence

III Laryngoscope, 2024
What motivates crypto likes? How assessment regulatory mode increases social media engagement with crypto assets
Authors: Mathmann Frank , Chrysochou Polymeros , Tiganis Antonios , Martin Brett A. S.
Published: August 2024

Consumer engagement with social media posts is extensively examined in the marketing literature, yet the motivations behind engagement with high‐risk financial and digital assets, such as cryptocurrencies, remain unclear. This research explores what drives consumers to engage with social media posts about crypto assets like Bitcoin. Utilizing regulatory mode theory, we demonstrate across four studies that assessment language (motivating thought) versus locomotion (motivating action) increases social media engagement with crypto assets. In two field studies analyzing social media (N = 194,098 posts), we find that assessment results in more Facebook likes on posts about crypto assets. Additionally, two online experiments (N = 1661) establish a causal, positive relationship between assessment language and consumer liking intentions, mediated by perceived investment volatility, cognitive engagement, and positive affect. Managers should use assessment words like “think” and “compare” when communicating about crypto on social media and can leverage our dictionary to identify crypto terms in large text data sets.
A comprehensive overview on the crosstalk between microRNAs and viral pathogenesis and infection
Authors: Bahojb Mahdavi Seyedeh Zahra , Jebelli Asiyeh , Aghbash Parisa Shiri , Baradaran Behzad , Amini Mohammad , Oroojalian Fatemeh , Pouladi Nasser , Baghi Hossein Bannazadeh , de la Guardia Miguel , Mokhtarzadeh Amir Ali
Published: August 2024

Infections caused by viruses as the smallest infectious agents, pose a major threat to global public health. Viral infections utilize different host mechanisms to facilitate their own propagation and pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as small noncoding RNA molecules, play important regulatory roles in different diseases, including viral infections. They can promote or inhibit viral infection and have a pro‐viral or antiviral role. Also, viral infections can modulate the expression of host miRNAs. Furthermore, viruses from different families evade the host immune response by producing their own miRNAs called viral miRNAs (v‐miRNAs). Understanding the replication cycle of viruses and their relation with host miRNAs and v‐miRNAs can help to find new treatments against viral infections. In this review, we aim to outline the structure, genome, and replication cycle of various viruses including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza A virus, coronavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, and Ebola virus. We also discuss the role of different host miRNAs and v‐miRNAs and their role in the pathogenesis of these viral infections.
A combinatorial model reduction method for the finite element analysis of wind instruments
Authors: Jeanneteau Marie , Oumaziz Paul , Passieux Jean‐Charles , Gibiat Vincent , Cottier Jonathan
Published: August 2024

A high‐fidelity finite element model is proposed for the complete simulation of the time‐harmonic acoustic propagation in wind instruments. The challenge is to meet the extremely high accuracy required by professional musicians, in a complex domain, for all fingerings and over a wide frequency range, within an affordable computational time. Several modelling assumptions are made to limit the numerical complexity of the problem while preserving all relevant physics. A dedicated high‐performance solution strategy is also proposed, based on partitioning, condensation and model order reduction, exploiting the combinatorial nature of wind instrument fingerings. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to the simulation of an alto saxophone. An order of magnitude reduction in memory and computational cost is achieved.
SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection in children with severe airway obstruction due to pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Goussard P. , Van Wyk L. , Venkatakrishna S. , Rabie H. , Schubert P. , Frigati L. , Walzl G. , Burger C. , Doruyter A. , Andronikou S. , Gie A. G. , Rhode D. , Jacobs C. , Van der Zalm M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic had a significant impact on tuberculosis (TB) control globally, with the number of new TB diagnoses decreasing. Coinfection with some viruses, especially measles, could aggravate TB in children. This is presumably a result of depressed cellular immunity. Reports on children with TB and SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection are limited.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of children up to 13 years old admitted to Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, from March 2020 to December 2022 with suspected TB‐induced airway compression requiring bronchoscopy. Children were included if they presented with severe intrathoracic airway obstruction and/or radiographic evidence of complicated TB. The patients were divided into two groups based on SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory polymerase chain reaction results. Demographics, TB exposure, microbiology, SARS‐CoV‐2 laboratory data, imaging, inflammatory cytokine levels, and bronchoscopy data were collected. Statistical analyses compared SARS‐CoV‐2 positive and negative groups.

Results

Of the 50 children undergoing bronchoscopy for TB airway obstruction, 7 (14%) were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive. Cough was more prevalent in the SARS‐CoV‐2 positive group (p = 0.04). There was no difference in TB culture yield between groups. However, SARS‐CoV‐2 positive children showed slower radiological improvement at 1 month (p = 0.01), pleural effusions (p < 0.001), and a higher need for endoscopic enucleation (p < 0.001). FDG PET/CT scans indicated an ongoing inflammation in the SARS‐CoV‐2 positive group.

Conclusions

Coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 in children with TB airway obstruction appears to complicate the disease course, necessitating more medical interventions and demonstrating a longer duration of the TB inflammatory process. Further research is needed to understand the impact of viral infections on TB progression and outcomes in pediatric patients.
Ultrasensitive and on‐site diagnosis of rice bakanae disease based on CRISPR‐LbCas12a coupled with LAMP
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhao Tianyue , Li Jianhang , Liu Xiaoshuang , Wang Wenting , Huang Xuanda , Liu Yu , Sun Yang , Wei Pengcheng
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Rice bakanae disease (RBD) has longstanding challenges impacted rice production, which is predominantly induced by Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg. Early diagnosis of F. fujikuroi is important to control RBD and improve quality and quantity of rice production. This study presents a novel on‐site diagnosis platform combined with CRISPR/LbCas12a and LAMP to detect F. fujikuroi.

RESULTS

LAMP amplification of TEF1‐α, a characteristic gene of F. fujikuroi were performed, followed with trans‐cleavage reaction of LbCas12a, cleaving the single‐stranded DNA reporter, which is modified by the terminal fluorophore and quencher groups, producing fluorescence signal. The platform was confirmed with high specificity and sensitivity (LOD <1 aM). Furthermore, we designed a lateral flow strip experiment based on the trans‐cleavage activity of LbCas12a, which was identified with similar sensitivity and specificity to the fluorescence detection method.

CONCLUSION

In summary, this study achieved a platform with remarkable sensitivity and specificity for F. fujikuroi detection and provide potential for on‐site and ultrasensitive diagnostic tools for RBD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Numerical Investigation of a Coupled Micropillar ‐ Waveguide System for Integrated Quantum Photonic Circuits
Authors: Roche Léo J. , Betz Fridtjof , Yang Yuhui , Limame Imad , Shih Ching‐Wen , Burger Sven , Reitzenstein Stephan
Published: August 2024

The on‐chip resonant excitation of single quantum dots (QDs) via integrated microlasers represents an effective and scalable method for integrated quantum photonics applications based on on‐demand single‐photon emitters. In this study, the design and numerical optimization of the evanescent coupling between whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of a micropillar resonator and a nearby single‐mode ridge waveguide in the Al(Ga)As/GaAs material system are presented. In this study, such systems are examined within a wavelength range of 930 nm, which is suitable for resonant excitation of typical self‐assembled InGaAs quantum dots. In particular, the coupling and the transmitted optical power of a WGM resonator to a ridge waveguide are examined for a range of gap spacings, with the objective of optimizing the photon coupling efficiency and Q‐factor of the monolithically integrated nanophotonic system. The findings of this study enable to identify the best device parameters for subsequent device fabrication. The findings establish a foundation for the production of highly effective photonic quantum circuits through the use of WGM microlasers integrated into evanescently coupled waveguide systems, including resonantly excited single quantum dots.
Ion confinement and separation using asymmetric electrodynamic fields in structures for lossless ion manipulations
Authors: Greer Cullen , Kinlein Zackary R. , Clowers Brian H.
Published: August 2024

Rationale

TW‐SLIM ion mobility separations have demonstrated exceptional resolution by leveraging long paths with minimal loss. All previously reported experiments have used electrode surfaces which are mirrored to generate symmetrically opposing electric fields for ion confinement. However, work with other planar ion optics indicates this may be unnecessary. This study explores conditions under which separations may be obtained using a SLIM with asymmetric electric fields.

Methods

The asymmetric field configuration was defined by applying a uniform DC potential to all electrodes of the top PCB of a standard TW‐SLIM board pair, with no electrode placement modifications. This configuration was simulated in SIMION to assess transmission through the SLIM. A benchtop TW‐SLIM instrument outfitted with a Faraday plate detector was modified likewise, so the top PCB had a uniform DC potential applied to all electrodes, while the bottom board was operated normally.

Results

Simulations show full ion transmission for four different m/z ion populations over a range of DC biases applied to the “pusher” board. Likewise, the modified benchtop instrument is capable of transmitting, separating, and cycling ions with minimal losses. The effect of pusher strength on separation quality is explored, and comparisons between the standard and modified SLIM are made with respect to resolving the +2 and +3 charge states of neurotensin ions.

Conclusions

A functional IMS instrument using asymmetric confining fields demonstrates additional field modifications may be a means to achieve additional functionality with limited interruption of the analysis. A TW‐SLIM PCB specifically designed as a pusher board would benefit from minimized manufacturing cost, simplifying assembly, reducing drive electronics, and improved field consistency.
Isolated recurrent metastatic pulmonary nodule from the kidney: An extraordinarily long interval
Authors: Kim Cheong , Lee Hwan Jin , Jang Kyu Yun , Park Jun Hyung , Jeong Jae Seok , Lee Yong Chul
Published: August 2024

Key message

Our case highlights the importance of follow‐up. Previous meta‐analysis has shown that patients with sub‐centimetre nodules may have extended follow‐up intervals before requiring intervention, unlike those with larger nodules exceeding 1 cm. However, referring to our case, we can see the importance of regular and dense follow‐up.
Neural learning control for sampled‐data nonlinear systems based on Euler approximation and first‐order filter
Authors: Liang Dengxiang , Wang Min
Published: August 2024

The primary focus of this research paper is to explore the realm of dynamic learning in sampled‐data strict‐feedback nonlinear systems (SFNSs) by leveraging the capabilities of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) under the framework of adaptive control. First, the exact discrete‐time model of the continuous‐time system is expressed as an Euler strict‐feedback model with a sampling approximation error. We provide the consistency condition that establishes the relationship between the exact model and the Euler model with meticulous detail. Meanwhile, a novel lemma is derived to show the stability condition of a digital first‐order filter. To address the non‐causality issues of SFNSs with sampling approximation error and the input data dimension explosion of NNs, the auxiliary digital first‐order filter and backstepping technology are combined to propose an adaptive neural dynamic surface control (ANDSC) scheme. Such a scheme avoids the ‐step time delays associated with the existing NN updating laws derived by the common ‐step predictor technology. A rigorous recursion method is employed to provide a comprehensive verification of the stability, guaranteeing its overall performance and dependability. Following that, the NN weight error systems are systematically decomposed into a sequence of linear time‐varying subsystems, allowing for a more detailed analysis and understanding. In order to ensure the recurrent nature of the input variables, a recursive design is employed, thereby satisfying the partial persistent excitation condition specifically designed for the RBF NNs. Meanwhile, it can verify that the NN estimated weights converge to their ideal values. Compared with the common ‐step predictor technology, there is no need to redesign the learning rules due to the designed NN weight updating laws without time delays. Subsequently, after capturing and storing the convergence weights, a novel neural learning dynamic surface control (NLDSC) scheme is specifically formulated by leveraging the acquired knowledge. The introduced methodology reduces computational complexity and facilitates practical implementation. Finally, empirical evidence obtained from simulation experiments validates the efficacy and viability of the proposed methodology.
Exploring how museums can support science teacher leaders as boundary spanners
Authors: Porter Sara C. , Phillips Michelle , Stallings Sarah , Worsley Ti'Era
Published: August 2024

Local implementation of science reform efforts in part relies on science teacher leaders (STLs) to improve science instruction in classrooms and beyond. The lack of science‐specific professional learning resources drives STLs to act as boundary spanners to locate resources outside their local context to fill that gap. Museums and other informal science education centers are examples of external entities that STLs might leverage to locate resources for local science education improvement. While we know how museums support pre‐ and in‐service science teachers, there is a gap in our understanding related to museum support for STLs. Here, we used case study research methods to analyze how a museum‐based professional learning programme supported STLs, as boundary spanners to access and adapt resources for local science education reform efforts. We found that each STL reported benefiting from shared resources from the museum, as well as from their peers in their working groups. We also found that STLs reported on different elements of the professional learning programme related to their area of influence (classroom or district) and the problem of practice their group worked on. We discuss how each of the named features of the museum‐based professional learning programme supported boundary spanning of STLs and end with implications and recommendations for the design of professional learning experiences to support their leadership work.
Small Intestinal Submucosa Hydrogel Loaded With Gastrodin for the Repair of Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Zhang Xiqian , Li Mei , Mao Xufeng , Yao Zheyu , Zhu Weilai , Yuan Zheyang , Gao Xiang , Pan Senghao , Zhang Yijun , Zhao Jiyuan , Mao Haijiao
Published: August 2024

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is an injury caused by overuse of the Achilles tendon or sudden force on the Achilles tendon, with a considerable inflammatory infiltrate. As Achilles tendinopathy progresses, inflammation and inflammatory factors affect the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tendon. Gastrodin(Gas), the main active ingredient of Astrodia has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐apoptotic properties. The small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a naturally decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)material and has a high content of growth factors as well as good biocompatibility. However, the reparative effects of SIS and Gas on Achilles tendinopathy and their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, it is found that SIS hydrogel loaded with gastrodin restored the mechanical strength of the Achilles tendon, facilitated ECM remodeling, and restored ordered collagen arrangement by promoting the translocation of protein synthesis. It also decreases the expression of inflammatory factors and reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells by inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway. It is believed that through further research, Gas + SIS may be used in the future for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy and other Achilles tendon injury disorders.
Suppressing Surface Oxidation of Pyrite FeS2 by Cobalt Doping in Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Men Xinliang , Deng Teng , Chen Liping , Che Jiangxuan , Wang Jia , Wang Juan
Published: August 2024

Lithium–sulfur batteries have emerged as a promising energy storage device due to ultra‐high theoretical capacity, but the slow kinetics of sulfur and polysulfide shuttle hinder the batteries' further development. Here, the 10% cobalt‐doped pyrite iron disulfide electrocatalyst deposited on acetylene black as a separator coating in lithium‐sulfur batteries is reported. The adsorption rate to the intermediate Li2S6 is significantly improved while surface oxidation of FeS2 is inhibited: iron oxide and sulfate, thus avoiding FeS2 electrocatalyst deactivation. The electrocatalytic activity has been evaluated in terms of electronic resistivity, lithium‐ion diffusion, liquid‐liquid, and liquid‐solid conversion kinetics. The coin batteries exhibit ultra‐long cycle life at 1 C with an initial capacity of 854.7 mAh g−1 and maintained at 440.8 mAh g−1 after 920 cycles. Furthermore, the separator is applied to a laminated pouch battery with a sulfur mass of 326 mg (3.7 mg cm−2) and retained the capacity of 590 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles. This work demonstrates that FeS2 electrocatalytic activity can be improved when Co‐doped FeS2 suppresses surface oxidation and provides a reference for low‐cost separator coating design in pouch batteries.
Scoping review exploring the evidence base on Vitis vinifera toxicity in dogs after ingestion: Clinical effects, treatments and types of V. vinifera
Authors: Downs Joshua , Zoltowska Agnieszka , Hackney Thomas , Gardner David S. , Ashmore Alison , Brennan Marnie L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Treatment of Vitis vinifera fruit (VVF) ingestion can be challenging due to no clear toxic dose, signalment factors and variable clinical signs. Current treatment guidance is generalised: decontamination, aggressive fluid therapy, monitoring and/or treatment of renal dysfunction. The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review of scientific evidence regarding the ingestion of VVF in dogs. Three primary areas were reviewed: VVF types ingested, clinical signs reported and treatments given. The inclusion criterion was any paper presenting data on clinical signs or treatments of dogs that had ingested VVF (unprocessed VVF only).

Methods

The following databases were searched: CAB Abstracts, Medline, Embase and Scopus. No limits were placed on language or date. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology.

Results

Twenty‐four papers were identified. A wide range of VVF types were ingested, but the toxic dose was difficult to ascertain. The most commonly reported signs were gastrointestinal, renal, neurological and haematological. Treatment commonly consisted of fluid therapy, diuretics and antiemetics.

Limitations

This scoping review neither explored cases of processed VVF ingestion nor did it chart laboratory findings; therefore, potentially clinically significant findings in these areas may have been missed.

Conclusions

VVF ingestion typically causes gastrointestinal/renal dysfunction, with no clear toxicity attributable to VVF type. Treatments varied according to the presence/absence of clinical signs, and the prognosis was varied. Further research on current treatment efficacy is warranted, permitting an evidence‐based, risk–benefit approach to be adopted by clinicians.
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of unilateral thalamic porencephaly in a dog
Authors: Oliveira Ana Maria , Marioni‐Henry Katia , Israeliantz Nicolas , Schwarz Tobias , Madden Megan
Published: August 2024

A 1‐year‐3‐month‐old, female, neutered labrador retriever was presented with a history of circling behaviour since 2 months of age and a recently detected blindness affecting its right eye. Neurological examination revealed a left‐sided head tilt, compulsive tight circling towards the left, postural reaction deficits in the right thoracic and pelvic limbs, absent menace response in the right eye and ventral positional strabismus of the left eye. The neurological examination findings were localised to the left thalamus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed porencephaly involving the left dorsal aspect of the thalamus. Furthermore, reduced volume of the left rostral colliculus, crus cerebri and optic chiasm, alongside marked thinning of the left cerebral hemispheric white matter tracts with associated left lateral ventriculomegaly, were present. Based on magnetic resonance imaging features and clinical history, a congenital or perinatal encephaloclastic porencephaly with secondary hypoplasia or atrophy of the associated thalamic projection pathways was prioritised.
Synthetic antibodies for accelerated RNA crystallography
Authors: DasGupta Saurja
Published: August 2024

RNA structure is crucial to a wide range of cellular processes. The intimate relationship between macromolecular structure and function necessitates the determination of high‐resolution structures of functional RNA molecules. X‐ray crystallography is the predominant technique used for macromolecular structure determination; however, solving RNA structures has been more challenging than their protein counterparts, as reflected in their poor representation in the Protein Data Bank (<1%). Antibody‐assisted RNA crystallography is a relatively new technique that promises to accelerate RNA structure determination by employing synthetic antibodies (Fabs) as crystallization chaperones that are specifically raised against target RNAs. Antibody chaperones facilitate the formation of ordered crystal lattices by minimizing RNA flexibility and replacing unfavorable RNA–RNA contacts with contacts between chaperone molecules. Atomic coordinates of these antibody fragments can also be used as search models to obtain phase information during structure determination. Antibody‐assisted RNA crystallography has enabled the structure determination of 15 unique RNA targets, including 11 in the last 6 years. In this review, I cover the historical development of antibody fragments as crystallization chaperones and their application to diverse RNA targets. I discuss how the first structures of antibody‐RNA complexes informed the design of second‐generation antibodies and led to the development of portable crystallization modules that have greatly reduced the uncertainties associated with RNA crystallography. Finally, I outline unexplored avenues that can increase the impact of this technology in structural biology research and discuss potential applications of antibodies as affinity reagents for interrogating RNA biology outside of their use in crystallography.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
The economic impact of open lower limb fractures in the Netherlands: a cost-of-illness study
Authors: Noorlander-Borgdorff M. P. , Kievit W. , Giannakópoulos G. F. , Botman M. , Tromp T. N. , Oflazoglu K. , Rakhorst H. A. , de Jong T.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To estimate the one-year sum of direct costs related to open lower limb fracture treatment in an academic setting in the Netherlands. The secondary objective was to estimate the impact of deep infection and nonunion on one-year total direct costs.

Methods

A multi-center, retrospective cost analysis of open lower limb fractures treated in an academic setting in the Netherlands, between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018, was conducted. The costing methodology was based on patient level aggregation using a bottom-up approach. A multiple linear regression model was used to predict the total costs based on Fracture-related-infections, multitrauma, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, Gustilo-Anderson grade and nonunion.

Results

Overall, 70 fractures were included for analysis, the majority Gustilo-Anderson grade III fractures (57%). Median (IQR) one-year hospital costs were €31,258 (20,812–58,217). Costs were primarily attributed to the length of hospital stay (58%) and surgical procedures (30%). The median length of stay was 16 days, with an increase to 50 days in Fracture-related infections. Subsequent costs (46,075 [25,891–74,938] vs. 15,244 [8970–30,173]; p = 0.002), and total hospital costs (90,862 [52,868–125,004] vs. 29,297 [21,784–40,677]; p < 0.001) were significantly higher for infected cases. It was found that Fracture-related infection, multitrauma, and Gustilo-Anderson grade IIIA-C fractures were significant predictors of increased costs.

Conclusion

In treatment of open lower limb fractures, deep infection, higher Gustilo-Anderson classification, and multitrauma significantly increase direct hospital costs. Considering the impact of infection on morbidity and total healthcare costs, future research should focus on preventing Fracture-related infections.
Vorhersage und frühzeitige Identifikation einer postpartalen Depression: Ergebnisse der longitudinalen RiPoD-Studie im Kontext der Literatur
Authors: Nehls Susanne , Dukart Juergen , Enzensberger Christian , Stickeler Elmar , Eickhoff Simon B. , Chechko Natalia
Published: August 2024

Die ersten 4 bis 6 Wochen nach der Geburt werden als Zeitfenster für den Beginn der postpartalen Depression (PPD) definiert. Trotz dieses bekannten Zeitfensters gibt es gravierende Lücken in der Identifizierung und Behandlung der PPD. In der Studie „Risk for Postpartum Depression“ (RiPoD) untersuchten wir spezifische Risikofaktoren und Prädiktoren für postpartale psychische Anpassungsprozesse und stellen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie im Rahmen einer Übersichtsarbeit zum internationalen Forschungsstand vor. Die dynamischen neuroplastischen Veränderungen des mütterlichen Gehirns in der Schwangerschaft und im Wochenbett scheinen in enger Verbindung mit peripartal fluktuierenden Hormonspiegeln zu stehen und diese könnten gemeinsam die Entwicklung postpartaler Stimmungsphänomene beeinflussen. Zu den relevanten Einflussgrößen der PPD gehören hormonelle Risikofaktoren, wie der Babyblues und das prämenstruelle Syndrom. Die Kombination beider Faktoren ermöglicht es, das individuelle PPD-Risiko mit einer Sensitivität von 83 % in der ersten Woche postpartum vorherzusagen. Eine anschließende digitale Überwachung der Symptomentwicklung in den ersten 6 Wochen postpartal erlaubte eine präzise Identifikation von Frauen mit PPD. Das Verständnis der Interaktion von hormonellen Schwankungen, Neuroplastizität und psychiatrischen Störungen bietet einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt für zukünftige Forschungen. Die frühzeitige Identifikation und Diagnose der PPD sowie kritischer Risikofaktoren lassen sich leicht in die klinische Routine und den Alltag der Patientinnen integrieren, wodurch Frauen mit hohem Risiko für eine gezielte Überwachung identifiziert werden können.
Validation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Questionnaire in the Transmasculine Population
Authors: Kreines Fabiana M. , Cox Caroline K. , Mumford Sunni L. , Harvie Heidi S. , Arya Lily A. , Andy Uduak U.
Published: August 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis

Transgender men and transmasculine individuals report a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), but little is known about LUTS in this population. One of the obstacles is the lack of validated questionnaires. This study was aimed at validating the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-LUTS), which measures filling, voiding, and incontinence symptoms, in transmasculine individuals.

Methods

This is an observational validation study that included transmasculine individuals receiving care within a single tertiary care hospital system. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the ICIQ-LUTS with severity of LUTS as measured by the Urinary Distress Inventory–Short Form (UDI-6), and concurrent validity by the association between ICIQ-LUTS and the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC). Discriminant validity was determined by comparing ICIQ-LUTS scores in those with and those without self-reported LUTS. Spearman correlation, t test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis.

Results

A total of 131 respondents were included in the analysis. Only two individuals (1.5%) reported prior vaginectomy and/or phalloplasty. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by a significant association between ICIQ-LUTS subscales and PPBC (filling p < 0.001, voiding p < 0.001, incontinence p < 0.001). Construct validity was demonstrated by a significant correlation between ICIQ-LUTS and UDI-6 (filling ρ = 0.76, p < 0.001; voiding ρ = 0.48, p < 0.001; incontinence ρ = 0.61, p < 0.001). For discriminant validity, those with at least one self-reported LUTS had significantly higher (worse) ICIQ-LUTS subscale scores than those without self-reported LUTS.

Conclusions

The ICIQ-LUTS is valid for measurement of LUTS severity in transmasculine individuals. This will be an important tool to use in future research to learn more about LUTS in this population.
Survival After Transarterial Radioembolization in Patients with Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: An Updated Meta-analysis and Meta-regression
Authors: Cocozza Maria Adriana , Dajti Elton , Braccischi Lorenzo , Modestino Francesco , Reimer Peter , Cucchetti Alessandro , Barbara Giovanni , Mosconi Cristina
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). We updated our previous meta-analysis with meta-regression to explore the efficacy of TARE in the context of ICCA.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Scopus for studies published up to September 1, 2023. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were tumor overall response rate, severe adverse events, and downstaging to surgery. Meta-analysis employed a random-effects model, and meta-regression was utilized to explore sources of heterogeneity.

Results

We included 27 studies, involving 1365 patients. Pooled survival estimates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 52.6%, 27%, and 16.8%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that the proportion of patients naïve to treatment was the only pre-TARE predictor of survival (1-, 2-, and 3-year survival of 70%, 45%, and 36% for treatment-naïve patients, mean survival 19.7 months vs. 44%, 18%, and 7% for non-naïve patients, mean survival 12.2 months). Overall response according to RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST was 19.6% and 67%, respectively. Effective downstaging to surgery was possible in varying rates (3–54%); the mean survival in these patients was 34.8 months (1-, 2-, and 3-year survival of 100%, 87%, and 64%). About 45.7% of patients experienced adverse events, but only 5.9% were severe.

Conclusions

Our study benchmarked the survival rates of patients undergoing TARE for unresectable ICCA and showed that this is a valid option in these patients, especially if naïve to previous treatments. Downstaging to surgery is feasible in selected patients with promising results.

Graphical Abstract