bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis And Study The Concentration Effect On The Photocatalytic Activity of Titania Nanoparticles As Anti-Bactria Using Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Technique
Authors: Al-Maliki Firas J. , Al-Rubaiy Maryam A.
Published: September 2021

In this work, the dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique was used to prepare and deposit nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films on glass substrates. Titanium dioxide thin films of mixed phase (anatase + rutile) and single phase (anatase) were prepared using different gas mixing ratios, and for both of the two phases, they were diagnosed via x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the contents of rutile in mixed phase dependent on the deposition time increased from the ratio of 40% to 46% and 50% as the deposition time increased from 3 hours to 3.30 and 4 hours. The photocatalytic activity of the mixed and single phase TiO2 was measured by kill the bacteria Escherichia coli (E.Coli) under exposure to UV-radiation. It was proven that the photocatalytic activity in the mixed phase (TiO2) gave better results weight fraction is 40% as an antibacterial activity. Based on the obtained results anti-bacterial activity of dioxide titanium nanoparticles was dependent on the concentration and phase of TiO2 and weight fraction of mixed-phase.
An Efficient Nonlinear Optical, Magnetic Transition Metal Ion Nickel Doped L- Threonine Cadmium Acetate Monohydrate
Authors: RN ANILA , Bright KC
Published: September 2021

The semi organic nonlinear optical single crystal of L- Threonine Cadmium acetate Monohydrate (LTCAM) doped Ni 2+ion is prepared by the technique slow evaporation solution growth. The prepared crystal was analysed by XRD, EDAX, UV-Vis- NIR, IR, TG/DTA, Photo Luminescence (PL), VSM and SHG measurements. The SXRD shows the crystal come under the monoclinic crystal system with P21 noncentrosymmetric space group. In the visible and near infrared region the crystal shows good optical response and it is a thermally stable compound. The band gap of the grown crystal was 5.02ev. The functional groups are confirmed by FTIR analysis. The luminescent behaviour of the doped crystal shows its ability as UV filters. The dopant turns its magnetic property in to semi paramagnetic nature.
Effect of Nitrogen Doping On The Structural Surface And Optical Properties Of ZnO Thin Film Prepared By Spraypyrolysis
Authors: ES Rajalekshmi , Ferby V. Anslin , Shabu R. , Raj A. Moses Ezhil
Published: September 2021

Pure and Nitrogen doped ZnO thin films were fabricated using spray pyrolysis method. The influence of doping on the structural, optical and morphological properties of prepared films were studied. The prepared samples were characterized through XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FT-RAMAN (Fourier Transform Raman), optical transmittances of prepared films were studied as a function of wavelength using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Absorption coefficient and Extinction coefficient values were calculated. Thickness of the films were found increasing with increasing doping concentrations. Structural studies confirmed that the prepared films were highly crystalline and predominantly orientation along (0 0 2) direction. On varying the doping concentration of N, a shift in the (0 0 2) peak was observed. FTIR and Raman spectral investigations revealed bands at specified wavenumber regions corresponding to stretching and bending vibrations of Zn and O. High resolution SEM images proved the presence of regular distribution of grains and the surface was found continuous, free from crack and holes. EDAX spectrum shows the attained films contain of Zinc, Oxygen and Nitrogen elements. Present investigations confirmed the fusion of nitrogen into ZnO lattice and modified the structural, optical and morphological properties of ZnO films.
Structural and Electrical Studies of Bi2Se3 Nanomaterials by Solvothermal Method for Thermo-electric Applications
Authors: V Asvini , S Subbulekshmi , G Saravanan , K Ravichandran
Published: September 2021

The Bi2Se3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method. The structural and morphological characterization has been done using XRD, HRSEM and Raman while electrical studies at room temperature were analyzed using impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltmetry. The phase formation was confirmed through XRD measurement and average grain size was found to be 25 nm for as-prepared sample and 37 nm for 650 ºC for 12 hours annealed sample. Raman spectrum appears in the higher frequency range, this is due to stronger bonding forces, i.e the peak at 524 cm− 1 or may arise due to the overtones of A11g and E2g modes. The redox behavior was due to Bi3+ converted into Bi2+ and Bi metallic state. This redox peak was confined the formation of Bi2Se3 nanoparticles. The high temperature electrical conductivity studies were performed as-prepared and annealed sample using impedance spectroscopy.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Based On Tongjiang Methodology Combined With Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) De-Escalation In Treating Non-Erosive Reflux Disease: A Study Protocol For A Multicentred, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Li Xia , Wu Haomeng , Chen Ting , Zhang Beihua , Shi Xiaoshuang , Ma Jinxin , Zhang Jiaqi , Tang Xudong , Wang Fengyun
Published: September 2021

Background: Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is characterized by typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, such as heartburn and regurgitation, but an absence of oesophageal mucosal damage during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first line therapy, almost 50% of patients with NERD fail to respond to this treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can better relieve the symptoms of NERD. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to investigate the efficiency of TCM granules based on Tongjiang (TJ) methodology combined with PPIs de-escalation therapy for NERD patients who did not respond to PPIs alone. Method: This multicentred, double-blinded, RCT with two parallel groups will recruit 174 participants who will be randomized into the TCM granules combined with PPIs de-escalation group (n=87) and the TCM granules placebo combined with PPIs de-escalation group (n=87). Both groups of participants will receive 6 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks of follow-up, and all participants will be assessed for related symptoms, mental health status and quality of life at each visit. The primary outcome measurements include Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for heartburn and regurgitation and the major symptoms scale. The secondary outcome measurements include PPI withdrawal rate, symptom recurrence rate, minor symptoms scale, SF-36, PRO, SAS, SDS, GERD–HRQL and TCM syndromes scales.Discussion: Previous research has shown that TCM is capable to alleviate NERD symptoms. This trial will help to provide a better understanding of the synergistic efficiency of the combination of TCM and PPIs, to explore whether the dosage of PPIs can be reduced after the supplement of TCM granules and to provide a feasible plan to reduce dependencies or withdraw NERD patients from PPIs. The outcome of this trial is expected to reduce the symptom recurrence rates, lessen patients’ physical and psychological burdens, and achieve good social benefits.Trial registration number: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04340297
Future Challenges in Medical Education System in COVID-19 Pandemic: Scenario Planning
Authors: Rezaee Rita , Pourmohammadi Kimia , Bordbar Najmeh , Ghorbanian Azimeh , Kojouri Javad , Shieh Hajar , Salehi Nasim , Mohammadpour Mohammadtaghi
Published: September 2021

Background: With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, all the aspects of educational institutions such as universities have been affected. Trainings have changed from face-to-face and physical to online and digital. Therefor an educational reform has been recognized as a priority toward adaptation of universities with the current situation and transition to third-generation universities in order to synchronize with global trends. This study evaluated the preparedness of universities to manage the outbreak and moving toward a new generation, using the scenario planning approach. Methods: A mixed method design was used including three phases: 1) Identifying the variables affecting the future of medical education, 2) Prediction and building scenarios (future estimates), 3) Building the future (scenario-making).Results: The COVID-19 pandemic represents an enduring transformation in education with the advancement of smart universities, telehealth, adaptive research protocols, personalized and self-controlled learning and flexible approaches to achieve solutions. Conclusions: It is Inevitable that in this situation, the future of this path, must be clarified and a joint vision (scenarios) must be created. It is suggested that educational and environmental key factors should be constantly monitored to keep up with the process of managing the situation, globalization and the expansion of entrepreneurial universities.
Combined Recession–Resection of The Superior Rectus Muscle in the Treatment of Dissociated Vertical Deviation.
Authors: Mattout Hala Kamal , Fouda Sameh Mosaad
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This is retrospective study that evaluates the use of combined recession-resection of the superior rectus muscle in the treatment of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD)
Methods

The medical records of 21 patients with bilateral DVD were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative data were extracted for age, gender, BCVA (logMAR), amblyopia, angle of stereopsis, previous strabismus surgeries and angle of deviation. All included patients received resection of 2.5 mm of the superior rectus muscle prior to its recession in an amount determined by the maximum DVD angle. The main outcome measure was postoperative angle of DVD at the end of six postoperative months and success was identified as absence of manifest DVD .
Results

The mean angle of preoperative DVD was 18.09 PD in the right eye and 16.76 PD in the left ‎eye‎. The mean amount of SR recession was 8.9 ‎±1.4 ‎mm in the right e‎‎ye and 8.7 ‎±1.5 in the left ‎eye with symmetrical surgery performed in only 7 patients. Mean postoperative angle of DVD was ‎5.96‎ in the right eye and ‎5.86 ‎in the left eye. Surgical success was achieved in 15 patients (71%).
Conclusions

Combined recession-resection of the superior rectus muscle seems to be an effective technique in the management of DVD and could represent a good alternative to other surgical procedures.
Polymorphism Analysis and Expression Profile of the Estrogen Receptor 2 Gene in Leizhou Black Duck
Authors: Asiamah Collins Amponsah , Liu Yuanbo , Ye Rungen , Pan Yiting , Lu Li-li , Zhao Zhihui , Su Ying
Published: September 2021

BackgroundOur previous study on the ovarian transcriptomic analysis in Leizhou black duck revealed that the ESR2 gene was involved in hormone regulation in reproduction and the estrogen signaling pathway related to reproductive performance was enriched. This suggested that ESR2 may have a functional role in the reproductive performance of the Leizhou black duck. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the polymorphism of the ESR2 gene and its association with egg-laying traits and the distribution pattern of ESR2 mRNA in laying and non-laying Leizhou black ducks. MethodIn this study, genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 101 Leizhou black ducks to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ESR2 gene to elucidate molecular markers highly associated with egg-laying traits. Four (4) each of laying and non-laying Leizhou black ducks were selected to collect different tissues to analyze the ESR2 gene expression. ResultsA total of 23 SNPs were identified and association analysis of the single SNP sites showed that SNPs g.56805646 T>C and exon 3-20G>A were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with egg weight. Ducks with CT and AG genotypes had significantly higher (P < 0.05) egg weights than their respective other genotypes. Haplotype association analysis of g.56805646 T>C and exon 320G>A showed that the haplotypes were significantly associated with egg weight where higher egg weight was seen in individuals with H3H4 haplotypes. In the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the results of qRT/PCR showed that ESR2 mRNA was significantly (P < 0.05) expressed in the ovaries of both duck groups than in the hypothalamus and pituitary. In the oviduct, ESR2 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the infundibulum and magnum of laying and nonlaying ducks respectively. ConclusionThis study provides molecular marker for selecting Leizhou black ducks for egg production and provides theoretical knowledge for the study of the related biological functions of the ESR2 gene at the cellular level.
Immunohistochemistry and Expression Profile of Estrogen Receptor 2 Gene in Different Grade Size Ovarian Follicles of Leizhou Black Ducks
Authors: Asiamah Collins Amponsah , Liu Yuanbo , Ye Rungen , Pan Yiting , Lu Li-li , Zhao Zhihui , Su Ying
Published: September 2021

BackgroundEstrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays significant biological roles in the reproductive system and ovarian follicle development. This study, therefore, aimed to reveal the expression pattern and cell-specific localization of ESR2 in the ovarian follicles of Leizhou black ducks. MethodFour laying Leizhou black ducks at 43 weeks old were annihilated and different grade-sized follicles were collected for immunohistochemistry and expression profile study. The follicles were grouped into seven (7) as small white follicles (SWF), large white follicles (LWF), small yellow follicles (SYF), large yellow follicles (LYF), follicle 5 (F5), follicle 2 (F2), and follicle 1 (F1). ResultsThe qRT/PCR results displayed that ESR2 mRNA was expressed in all follicles with the highest (P < 0.05) level of expression found in F1 compared to other follicles. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the cell-specific localization of ESR2 protein revealed that ESR2 was distributed in both granulosa and theca cells region in all the follicles examined. There was a significantly higher localization of ESR2 protein in the granulosa cells than the theca cells of SWF, SYF, LYF, F2, and F1. Comparatively, ESR2 was highly expressed in the granulosa cells of LYF than in all the other follicles. ConclusionThese results provide theoretical knowledge for the in-depth study of the related biological functions of the ESR2 gene and its application at the cellular level.
Camrelizumab In Patients With Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Cost-Effective Analysis In China
Authors: Xie Qian , Zheng Hanrui , Su Na , Li Qiu
Published: September 2021

Background Camrelizumab is a selective, humanized, high-affinity IgG4 kappa monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) that shows effective antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity in multiple tumor types. The CameL trial demonstrated that camrelizumab plus chemotherapy significantly prolonged the median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because of a rapid cancer burden increase in China, our study was conducted to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the two strategies in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.Methods A Markov simulation model was generated based on the CameL trial. The two simulated treatments included camrelizumab plus chemotherapy (CC) and chemotherapy alone (CA). Utility was derived from published literature, and costs were calculated based on those at our hospital in Chengdu, China. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated to compare the cost-effectiveness of the two treatment arms.Results The total costs were $64,874.51 and $13,531.38 for CC and CA treatment, respectively. The CC treatment produced 1.19 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the CA treatment produced 0.96 QALYs. Hence, patients who were in the CC group spent an additional $51,343.44 and generated an increase of 0.23 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $223,232.35 per QALY. Currently, in China, CC treatment is not cost-effective when considering a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $28,130 per QALY gained.Conclusions For chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC, camrelizumab plus chemotherapy is not considered a cost-effective therapy versus chemotherapy alone in China.
Associations of Bisphenol Exposure With The Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case-Control Study In Guangxi, China
Authors: Tang Peng , Liang Jun , Liao Qian , Huang Huishen , Guo Xiaojing , Lin Mengrui , Liu Bihu , Wei Bincai , Zeng Xiaoyun , Liu Shun , Huang Dongping , Qiu Xiaoqiang
Published: September 2021

A growing number of epidemiologic studies have estimated the associations between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, reports on the association between bisphenol A (BPA) substitutes and GDM are limited. This investigation aimed to explore the associations of maternal serum BPA, bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) with the risk of GDM. A nested case-control study was performed among 500 pregnant women. Associations between the serum bisphenol levels and the risk of GDM were assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis and two-mixture modeling approaches (Bayesian kernel machine regression [BKMR] and quantile g-computation). BPA and TBBPA were negatively associated with the risk of GDM in the adjusted models, respectively. Intermediate BPS levels were associated with increased odds (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.27) of GDM compared with the low concentration groups only based on the single-bisphenol models. Associations between BPA, BPS, and TBBPA with the risk of GDM were also found in the BKMR analysis. The quantile g-computation (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.69) and BKMR models revealed a statistically significant and negative joint effect of the five bisphenols on the risk of GDM. This study demonstrates the association between exposure to BPS with the increased risk of GDM. In addition, exposure to BPA and TBBPA were associated with the reduced risk of GDM. Moreover, exposure to the mixture of the five bisphenols was negatively associated with the risk of GDM.
Berberine Inhibits FoxM1 Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of POLE2 and Interferes with the Survival of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ni Lulu , Sun Ping , Fan Xiaochun , Li Zhongjie , Ren Hongli , Li Jiangan
Published: September 2021

Background：Berberine is one of the most interesting and promising natural anticancer drugs. POLE2 is involved in many cellular functions such as DNA replication and is highly expressed in a variety of cancers. However, the specific molecular mechanism of berberine interfering with POLE2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unknown to a great extent.Method:The KEGG database (Release 91.0) and Gene Ontology (GO) category database were used for functional annotation of differentially expressed genes after berberine treatment. Reproducibility assessment using TCGA dataset. The biological functions of berberine in LUAD were investigated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments: MTT, colony formation, mouse xenograft and plasmid transfection. The molecular mechanisms of berberine were demonstrated by plasmid transfection, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting.Result:The elevated expression of FoxM1 and the high enrichment of DNA replication pathway were confirmed in LUAD by microarray and TCGA analysis, and were positively correlated with poor prognosis. Functionally, berberine inhibited the proliferation and survival of LUAD cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, berberine treatment down regulated the expression of FoxM1which closely related to survival, survival related genes in cell cycle and DNA replication pathway, and significantly down regulated the expression of survival related POLE2. Interestingly, we found that the transcription factor FoxM1 could act as a bridge between berberine and POLE2.Conclusion: Berberine significantly inhibited LUAD progression via the FoxM1/POLE2, and FoxM1/POLE2 may act as a clinical prognostic factor and a therapeutic target for LUAD. Berberine may be used as a promising therapeutic candidate for LUAD patients.
Prescribed Fire Limits Wildfire Severity Without Altering Ecological Importance for Birds
Authors: Latif Quresh , Saab Victoria , Dudley Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Background: Fire suppression and anthropogenic land use have increased severity of wildfire in dry conifer forests. Mangers use fuels reduction (e.g., prescribed fire) to limit high-severity wildfire and restore ecological function to fire-adapted dry conifer forests. Many species that evolved in these forests, however, are adapted to high-severity wildfire. To fully understand the ecological implications of fuels reduction treatments, we need to understand direct treatment effects and how treatments modulate subsequent wildfire effects on natural communities. We studied bird population and community patterns over 9 years, including unburned (2002–2003), after prescribed fire (2004–2007), and after wildfire (2008–2010). We used a before-after, control-impact (BACI) approach to analyze shifts in species occupancy and richness with respect to treated units following prescribed fire and burn severity following wildfire.Results: We found both positive and negative wildfire and prescribed fire effects on birds largely consistent with species life history traits; several woodpecker species, secondary cavity-nesting species, aerial insectivores, and understory species exhibited positive effects, whereas open cup canopy-nesting species and foliage- or bark-gleaning insectivores exhibited negative effects. Also as expected, wildfire affected more species more consistently through time than did prescribed fire. Wildfire burned units initially treated with prescribed fire less severely than untreated units, but wildfire effects on birds were similar regardless of treatment.Conclusions: Our results suggest managers can employ prescribed fire to reduce wildfire severity without necessarily altering the ecological importance of wildfire to birds. Additional study of the ecological implications of various fuels reduction practices, representing a range of intensities and fire regimes, would further inform forest management that includes biodiversity objectives.
The Effect of Governance On Entrepreneurship: From All Income Economies Perspective
Authors: Abegaz Mekonnen Bogale , Debela Kenenisa Lemi , Hundie Reta Megersa
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of governance indicators on Entrepreneurship. Explanatory research design with Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression models were applied. Five-year World Bank data (2014–2018) of 126 countries from all economic development levels were used. Worldwide governance indicators considered are voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and corruption control. Gross net income was taken as a control variable. To measure entrepreneurship, the number of formally registered limited liability businesses as a percentage of the working-age population, was used. To make highly skewed time series data of dependent variable (entrepreneurship) closer to normal, logarithmic transformation was made and heteroscedasticity of residuals was checked. The finding of Pearson correlation shows that there are strong and significant correlations(r > 0.466, p < 0.01) between predictors and the outcome variable and among predictor variables. Regression analysis was computed after two highly collinear variables were dropped from the model using the VIF test. The study found that the remaining four independent variables and the control variable predict 71.5% of the variance in the outcome variable. Except for voice and accountability, all predictors have their own statistically significant influence on entrepreneurship. Thus, working on each predictor up to the standard application can bring incremental changes in new business formation and entry. The researchers believe that this study is of significant interest to policymakers, program developers, entrepreneurs, analysis, and supporters since it provides useful insight on how governance indicators influence entrepreneurship.
Machine Learning based Self-sensing the Stiffness of Shape Memory Coil Actuator
Authors: Sul Bhagoji B. , Dhanalakshmi K.
Published: September 2021

Self-sensing actuation (SSA) assists in sensing the vital property of the shape memory coil which can be used to monitor and control the actuation. The stiffness characteristic of the shape memory coil is sensed during actuation which plays a significant role in development of Intelligent Robotics in defense systems. The electrical property of shape memory coil such as electrical resistance changes due to martensitic phase transformation which is further used to sense the mechanical properties such as strain, stress, temperature, length, and force. Nowadays electrical properties are used to sense the stiffness of the shape memory coil. As of now, there is no well-established analytical model to predict the stiffness of sensing during actuation accurately. Therefore, Machine Learning (ML) based data-driven intelligent model is proposed in this paper for auto-sensing of the stiffness. The experimental facility has been developed for the collection of data with respect to diverse Joule heating currents. To determine the experimental data values of stiffness and electrical resistance of shape memory coil is a cumbersome task. Hence we have proposed an automated method to predict the stiffness of the shape memory coil using ML methods. The Classical Polynomial and Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) models are developed for analyzing the stiffness of the shape memory coil. It is found that FFNN model outperforms the other ML based model by attaining 95.2650 % accuracy. The FFNN model is also able to explain almost all the predicted stiffness values which are experimentally recorded. The FVU (Fraction Variance Unexplained) statistical parameter explains the prediction of FFNN with the value of 0.0842. The great advantage of the ML model is to replace two sensors (Force and displacement sensors) with one soft sensor (ML model). It will be useful in the controlling robotics and other devices which require high precision in data generated by the sensors.
Concurrent Metformin Use and Survival Among Finnish Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With EGFR TKIs
Authors: Tiainen Satu , Iivanainen Sanna , Alanen Virve , Arffman Martti , Koivunen Jussi P.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Many studies have shown correlation between metformin use and lower incidence and improved outcomes of lung cancer. We investigated the potential association between metformin use and survival among Finnish non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with EGFR TKIs.
Methods

Nationwide registries were utilized to identify all the patients with use of EGFR TKIs in NSCLC between 2011–2016, and 1242 patients were included in further analyses. Data related to cancer, survival, and drug purchases were combined with personal identity codes. Concurrent use of diabetes medications was defined as their purchase +/-120 days from the first purchase of EGFR TKI. The impact of diabetes medication use was investigated separately in the whole and in the EGFR mutant type cohort (n = 481).
Results

Concurrent metformin use was found in 10 % (n = 124) and use of other diabetes medication in 5 % (n = 60) of the patients. In the whole patient cohort, metformin use did not associate with survival but in the EGFR mutant type cohort a non-significant trend for higher mortality was found (HR 1.42, 95% CI 0.99–2.02). Metformin use associated also with a shorter EGFR TKI treatment duration (HR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.04–1.52). The use of other diabetes medication than metformin did not associate with survival or EGFR TKI treatment duration.
Conclusion

Concomitant metformin use associated with a shorter EGFR TKI treatment duration, however, no statistically significant correlation with survival was found. Ethnicity, comorbidities, and metformin dosage may influence on the associations found between metformin use and EGFR TKI treatment responses.
PSMD8 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression and Attenuates Paclitaxel Sensitivity by Regulating the Expression of KIF10
Authors: Li Zhiyu , Li Chenyuan , Tu Yi , Yao Feng , Sun Shengrong , Liao Shichong , Wang Zhong
Published: September 2021

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) patients were threatened by distant metastasis and drug resistance for a long time. The mechanism was to be explored urgently. Proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 8 (PSMD8) was associated with protein degradation, but little was known about its role in BC.MethodsThe bioinformatics analysis was obtained from public databases. Breast cancer cell lines were knocked down or overexpressed PSMD8/kinesin family member 10 (KIF10) and detected their ability of proliferation and invasion. epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers were detected by the western blot and immunohistochemistry. In vivo models were established to verify the effect of PSMD8 on tumor growth and distant metastasis. Cells were exposed to paclitaxel (PTX) and examined their apoptosis by flow cytometry.ResultsIn the present study, we defined PSMD8 as a tumor-promoting molecule. PSMD8 was abnormally upregulated in BC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. High PSMD8 expression was related to poor prognosis in BC patients. The knockdown of PSMD8 attenuated the biological effect and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in vitro and in vivo, and the overexpression of PSMD8 increased tumor progression in vitro. Furthermore, PSMD8 knockdown dramatically augmented the sensitivity of BC cells to paclitaxel, whereas PSMD8 overexpression showed the opposite effects. Mechanistic analysis indicated that PSMD8 activated the expression of kinesin family member 10 (KIF10) and its downstream extracellular regulated MAP kinase (ERK) signaling. Similar to PSMD8, we revealed that the expression of KIF10, which showed a positive correlation with PSMD8, was increased in BC tissues compared with adjacent tissues and associated with a poor prognosis of BC patients. The KIF10 knockdown significantly antagonized the facilitating effect of PSMD8 on the EMT program and chemotherapy tolerance. Finally, knocking down the level of KIF10 or inhibiting the ERK pathway in PSMD8-overexpressing cell lines partially blocked EMT progression and resistance against paclitaxel (PTX). ConclusionsIn conclusion, our results demonstrated that the PSMD8/KIF10 axis promoted BC development and PTX resistance via the ERK pathway. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for targeting PSMD8 to BC cells as a novel target for the treatment of BC.
Heavy Metals in Soils and Road Dusts in Akure City, Southwest Nigeria: Ecological and Health Risks
Authors: Adewumi Adeniyi JohnPaul
Published: September 2021

Expanded urbanization particularly in developing nations have as of late become a significant source of worry because of their adverse consequences on the environment. This study was conducted to determine the extent of pollution, sources, and potential ecological and health risks associated with heavy metals in Akure region, Nigeria's soils and street dusts. Thirty-four samples including 16 soils and street dusts samples each were gathered with two control samples gathered from a suburb a long way from the city. To collect fine particles, they were air dried and sieved. Chemical analysis of samples werecarried out utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) at Sustainable laboratory, a certified laboratory in Akure, Nigeria. Metals analysed were: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. Contamination, ecological and health hazard evaluations were carried out utilizing universally acceptable indices. Potential sources were disentangle utilizing measurable technique like bivariate, factor and hierarchical cluster analyses. Results uncovered that the mean amount of Pb, Zn and Fe in street dusts were: 32.33 mg/kg, 72.53 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg separately while in soil tests it was 34.34 mg/kg, 67.76 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg. The examination further showed that metals particularly Cr present slight to high ecological dangers. Health hazard evaluation uncovered that the occupants of the area particularly kids are more inclined to non-cancer-causing health risks. Metals were mostly from anthropogenic sources. To reduce the impact of toxic metals in the city, it is proposed that ecological enactment and mindfulness be practiced.
Human Ovarian Cryopreservation: Vitrification Versus Slow Freezing From Histology To Gene Expression.
Authors: Jaeger Pauline , Fournier Cyrielle , Santamaria Claire , Fraison Eloise , Morel-Journel Nicolas , Benchaib Mehdi , Salle Bruno , Lornage Jacqueline , Labrune Elsa
Published: September 2021

Background:
Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is one of the strategies offered to girls and women needing gonadotoxic treatment, as a means of preserving their fertility. There are two methods of ovarian tissue cryopreservation: slow freezing, the reference method, and vitrification, an alternative method. The aim of the present study was to evaluate which of the two is the best method for human ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Each ovary was divided into 3 groups: Fresh, Slow freezing and Vitrification. In each group a histological study to evaluate follicular density and quality; and an evaluation of 6 gene expression (CYP11A, STAR, GDF9, ZP3, CDK2, CDKN1A) were performed.
Results:
We observed no significant difference in follicular density within these 3 groups. Slow freezing altered the pool of primordial follicles compared to the Fresh tissue (31.8% vs 55.9%, p = 0.046, respectively). The expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis varied after cryopreservation compared to the fresh group; CYP11A was under-expressed in both freezing groups compared to the fresh group and significantly under-expressed in the slow freezing group (p = 0.01), STAR was over-expressed in the slow freezing group and significantly under-expressed in the vitrification group (p = 0.01). Regarding the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, CDKN1A was significantly under-expressed in both freezing groups (slow freezing: p = 0.0008; vitrification: p = 0.03) compared to the fresh group.
Conclusion:
Vitrification had no effect on the histological quality of the follicles at any stage of development compared to Fresh tissue. There was no significant difference in gene expression between the two techniques.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators On Transient Expression of Foreign Genes In Nicotiana Benthamiana L. Leaves
Authors: Li Ying , Sun Min , Wang Xin , Zhang Jing Yue , Da Wei Xiao , Jia Yun Ling , Pang Long Hai , Feng Qing Han
Published: September 2021

Background: In the last decades, autonomously replicating expression vectors based on plant geminivirus has been widely used as one of the most effective expression vectors in plant transient expression. Compared with those non-replicating expression vectors, autonomously replicating expression vectors based on plant geminivirus have many advantages. By using the bean yellow dwarf virus-derived expression vector and green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we investigated the effects of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins, and 6-benzyladenine, as three common plant growth regulators, on the efficiency of plant transient expression and biomass during the process of transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves. Results: With the increase of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins, and 6-benzyladenine (from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/L), the fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area of the seedlings increased first and then returned to the levels similar to the controls (without plant growth regulators treatment). α-naphthalene acetic acid at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.4 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and was increased about 19%, compared to the controls. Gibberellins at 0.1 to 0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.2 mg/L gibberellins and was increased about 25%. However, the 6-benzyladenine application led to decrease in the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein. Conclusions: The moderate concentration of appropriate plant growth regulators could be beneficial to the expression of foreign proteins from the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in plants. Thus, appropriate plant growth regulators could be considered as an exogenous component to be applied in recombinant protein production by plant-based transient expression systems.
Optimising Nutrients in the Culture Medium of Rhodosporidium Toruloides Enhances Lipids Production
Authors: Ye Zi , Sun Tongrui , Hao Huoye , He Yanling , Liu Xueyan , Guo Minrui , Chen Guogang
Published: September 2021

Rhodosporidium toruloides is a useful oleaginous yeast, but lipids production is affected by various factors including nutrients in the culture medium. Herein, the R-ZL2 high-yield mutant strain was used to investigate the effects of different carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, xylose), nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate), and C/N ratio on lipids production capacity, get the following conclusion (1) Compared with glucose and xylose, sucrose was a superior carbon source for lipids production; (2) When using ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source, a C/N ratio of 200:1 achieved the highest biomass, lipids production and lipids content (10.7 g/L, 6.32 g/L and 59%, respectively), and lipids produced under different C/N conditions have potential for biodiesel production (except for C/N = 40 and C/N = 80); (3) When using ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source, a C/N ratio of 200:1 achieved the highest biomass, lipids production and lipids content (12.1 g/L, 8.25 g/L and 65%, respectively), and lipids produced under different C/N ratio conditions have potential for biodiesel production. Thus, a combination of sucrose and ammonium nitrate was optimal for the lipid accumulation in R-ZL2. The findings will lay a foundation for further improving lipids yields.
Analog/RF Performance Analysis of a-ITZO Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Singh Kunal , Sharma Shashi Kant , Kumawat Renu
Published: September 2021

This work reports RF and analog performance analysis of an amorphous Indium Tin Zinc Oxide thin film transistor. The various parameters affecting the performance of a-ITZO TFT like drain current, drain conductance, output resistance, transconductance, transconductance generation factor, early voltage, intrinsic gain, capacitances, cut off frequency, maximum frequency of oscillation, transconductance frequency product, gain frequency product, gain bandwidth product and gain transconductance frequency product have been closely examined. The device is further analyzed to investigate the impact of variation in physical parameters viz. dielectric material, dielectric thickness (𝐷𝑡 ) and temperature (T) on the RF/Analog performance. Use of high-k dielectric material in the simulated structure has resulted in low subthreshold slope (SS) of 0.62 V/decade, On voltage (𝑉𝑜𝑛) of (- 0.29) V, 𝐼𝑜𝑛/𝐼𝑜𝑓𝑓 ratio of ~ 109 , intrinsic gain (𝐴𝑉) of 104.5 dB and gain frequency product (GFP) of 1.86 GHz. The best results for dielectric thickness variation are offered for dielectric thickness of 150 nm with SS of 0.22 V/decade, 𝑉𝑜𝑛 of (-0.26 V), 𝐼𝑜𝑛/𝐼𝑜𝑓𝑓 of ~ 1010 , (𝐴𝑉) of 175.69 dB and GFP of 2.39 GHz. For device reliability and stability study, temperature analysis has also been done. To demonstrate the circuit level implementation of the simulated structure, a resistive load inverter circuit is simulated and analyzed for different variations (high-k, 𝐷𝑡 and T). The results obtained are promising to meet the current display industry requirement. It has also been concluded that TFT with high-k material or thinner dielectric at T=300 K provides best performance.
Antineoplastic Effects of Erufosine on Small and Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells Through Induction of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Abdik Hüseyin
Published: September 2021

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common types of cancer with a high mortality rate. Depending on molecular and histological properties, LC is divided into non–small-cell and small-cell lung cancer. Not only surgery but also radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combination treatment are used for patients. However, the survival rate of LC is still very low. Erufosine (ErPC3) is a novel promising antineoplastic agent and inhibits the translocation of AKT to the plasma membrane by dephosphorylating AKT. Methods and Results: In the current study, the cell-type dependent effects of ErPC3 on cell viability, apoptotic situation, cell cycle distribution, related gene expression, and migration capacities of A549 and DMS 114 were investigated. As results, ErPC3 exhibited cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties against both cells, while DMS 114 was more affected. ErPC3 accumulated the cells in G2/M phase and blocked cell cycle. Proliferation markers were downregulated, while pro-apoptotic markers were upregulated in ErPC3 treated cells. Besides, ErPC3 displayed anti-migratory effect on A549 and DMS 114 compared to the control group according to scratch assay. Conclusion: These findings promise a treatment approach and drug development against LC. The obtained results from the recent study lead it necessary to carry out more detailed studies about ErPC3.
Modified Shoelace Dural Closure With Collagen Matrix in Extended Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Nagata Yuichi , Takeuchi Kazuhito , Sasaki Hiroo , Mizuno Akihiro , Harada Hideyuki , Tanahashi Kuniaki , Araki Yoshio , Saito Ryuta
Published: September 2021

Extended endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (eTSS) offers a wide surgical field for various parasellar lesions; however, intraoperative high-flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is inevitable. Therefore, secure sellar reconstruction methods are essential to prevent postoperative CSF leakage. Although collagen matrix has been applied for dural reconstruction in neurosurgery, its suitability for application in extended eTSS remains unclear.Fifteen patients underwent modified shoelace dural closure using collagen matrix after lesionectomy via extended eTSS. In this technique, a collagen matrix, which was placed subdurally (inlay graft), was continuously sutured with both open dural edges like a shoelace. Then, another collagen matrix was placed epidurally (onlay graft), and rigid reconstruction was performed using the septal bone and a resorbable fixation mesh. Postoperative CSF leakage did not occur in fourteen patients, but did in one patient with tuberculum sellae meningioma. In this case, the CSF leakage point was detected just around the area between the coagulated dura and the adjacent collagen matrix. The collagen matrix harvested from this area was pathologically examined; neovascularization and fibroblastic infiltration into the collagen matrix were not detected. On the other hand, neovascularization and fibroblast infiltration into the collagen matrix were apparent on the surface of the collagen matrix harvested from the non-CSF leakage area.Our novel dural closure technique using collagen matrix could be an effective option for sellar reconstruction in extended eTSS; however, it should be applied in patients in whom normal dural edges are preserved.Clinical trial registrationNot applicable
Tagraxofusp Refractory Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm With Loss of CD123 Expression: Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Gulati Rohit , Abu-Salah Asma , Salous Tareq , Nassiri Mehdi
Published: September 2021

Background: Tagraxofusp, a CD123 based targeted immunotherapy, was recently approved to treat blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) with excellent response. Also, a subset of BPDCN showed resistance to tagraxofusp. These resistant cases continue to express CD123, which forms the basis of the continued utility of tagraxofusp in newer combination chemotherapies to overcome resistance in BPDCN. Case presentation: Herein we report a case of an elderly male with BPDCN that initially achieved complete remission on primary treatment with tagraxofusp. However, BPDCN relapsed after 1.5 years while on treatment with loss of CD123 expression. Conclusions: This case highlights a potential limitation of current and upcoming tagraxofusp based therapies, at least in a subset of refractory BPDCN. We believe our report will serve as a sentinel to incite future investigations involving alternate resistance mechanisms in BDPCN.
Predicting Surgical Factors for Unplanned Overnight Admission in Ambulatory Arthroscopic Surgery of the Knee: A Prospective Cohort in 184 patients
Authors: Watcharopas Ratthapoom , Saengpetch Nadhaporn , Kijkunasathian Chusak , Limitlaohaphan Chalermchai , Lertbutsayanukul Chatchawan , Vijittrakarnrung Chaiyanun , Arnuntasupakul Vanlapa , Sangkum Lisa , Sa-ngasoongsong Paphon
Published: September 2021

Background: Unplanned overnight admission (UOA) is an important indicator for quality of care with ambulatory knee arthroscopic surgery (AKAS). However, few studies have explored the factors related to the UOA and how to predict UOA after AKAS. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized perioperative protocol for the AKAS with UOA and identify whether a correlation exists between the perioperative surgical factors and UOA in the patients undergoing AKAS. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted, between October 2017 and March 2021, in 184 patients. All patients operated on standard AKAS protocol. The UOA was defined as overnight hospitalization of a patient undergoing AKAS. Demographic and perioperative data were recorded, and the procedure was categorized based on the surgical invasiveness based on less invasive (n = 65) and more complex surgery (n = 119). The clinical risk factors for UOA were identified and analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of UOA in the more complex group (17 cases, 14.3%) was significantly higher than in the less invasive group (3 cases, 4.6%) (p = 0.049), with the incidence of readmission as 0%. The perioperative factors significantly associated with UOA were age, more complex surgery, and tourniquet time (p < 0.10 all). However, the multivariate regression analysis revealed that tourniquet time was the only significant predictor for UOA (odds ratio = 1.045, 95% confidence interval = 1.022 to 1.067, p = 0.0001). The optimal cut-off points of tourniquet time for predicting UOA with the highest Youden index in the less invasive and more complex groups were 56 minutes and 107 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: The UOA after AKAS is more common in more complex surgery compared to less invasive surgery. Many factors—such as patient factors, surgical invasiveness, and tourniquet time—were also significantly associated with the unplanned admission. However, the results from this study showed that, under strict perioperative management protocol, tourniquet time is the only independent predictor for UOA.