bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo agropecuario reciente a partir del análisis intercensal (2002-2018): conformación histórica de un régimen ecológico de commodities en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: González Asis Ignacio
Published: January 2023

This article offers a perspective on agricultural development in the Province of Córdoba between 2002 and 2018, based on a comparative analysis of data from the National Agricultural Census (CNA). An interpretation of agricultural development is offered from a critical social perspective, which helps to understand the complex and multi-scale development of a process that has had a significant impact on the economy, society and the provincial territory. After describing and characterising recent agricultural development, the trends in production systems and their relationship with territorial transformations, the profound quantitative and qualitative transformations that have taken place are highlighted. Finally, the category of ecological commodity regime is proposed in order to conceptualize the organization of historical natures with flexible crops as a general productive base, starting with the installation of agribusiness and the biotechnological model that sustains it, in relation to its current social and environmental limitations.
Reception date: 27/09/2022Acceptance date: 02/12/2022
In silico analysis of green tea catechins for design of adenosine A2A antagonist and nav 1.7 inhibitors
Authors: G Bhusnure Omprakash
Published: January 2023

Neuropathic pain is a sensory nerve system disorder that affects a large percentage of the world's elderly population. A sensory nerve system injury causes it, which can lead to function loss, acute discomfort, and heightened pain sensitivity. The PNS is in responsible of the start and maintenance of Neuropathic Pain, despite the fact that the CNS is the major controller of pain. Diseases like diabetes and cancer are connected to a change in lifestyle in today's globe. Concentrating compounds that can boost neurotransmitter release can be used to treat these disorders. Adenosine receptors and sodium channels are the next targets for inflammatory and peripheral neurological diseases.Green tea contains antioxidants such as catechins, EC, EGC, ECG, EGCG, GC, CG, GCG, GCG3ME, ECG3Me, EGCG3Me, and EGCG4Me. This research describes how molecular docking and virtual screening were used to assess the binding potential of green tea catechins for human adenosine A2A receptors and sodium channel Nav 1.7 inhibitors. As a result, a number of Green Tea Catechins exhibit exceptional binding abilities.
Formulation and Evaluation of Albumin Microspheres of Paracetamol
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Bajpai Yogesh Kumar , Parveen Gulafshan
Published: January 2023

Medication molecules are sent to the body regions where they are most effective using dosage forms. You ought to attempt inhalation therapy if you want to maximise the benefits of your medicine. Example Inhalants and drugs that dissolve in water or other liquids are examples of fluid dose forms. Explanation-Solution. Ensure that the patient's orifices are not obstructed in order to provide medication. One sort of disintegrator that functions is albumin, which expands when in contact with stomach acid and facilitates the tablet's dissolution. Historically, a variety of oral extended-release dose forms were referred to as "modified release dosage products." The objective of the current study is to create a paracetamol pill that contains microspheres to cover up the bitter taste of the medication and make it easier for children, the elderly.
Ameliorative Potentials of Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet Chloroform Stem Bark Extract on Pentylenetetrazole-induced Testicular Damage in Wistar Rats
Authors: Wajauba Fali , Vandi Zirahei Joseph , Hyedima Garba Sani , Musa Chiroma Samaila
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted out to find out the ameliorative potentials of Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet chloroform extract (BCCE) on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced testicular damage in albino Wistar rats. Eighteen adult rats were randomly allotted into three groups (n=6) after one week of acclimatization. Group one served as a control and was given normal saline. Group two (PTZ only) was given 35mgkg-1 body weight PTZ. Group three received BCCE 250mgkg-1 followed by PTZ 35mgkg-1, the treatments lasted for one week. The rats were euthanized and testicular tissues were processed for histological study, while blood samples were collected and used for the hormonal assay. The interstitial Leydig cells have been disrupted by the PTZ toxicity which resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) of testosterone in the PTZ-induced rats as compared with the control group, while there was no significant difference in group three that was given BCCE when compared to the control. Also, there was no significant difference in the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicles stimulating hormones (FSH) levels in all the rat groups. The histological features showed that PTZ has a deleterious effect on testicular tissues with seminiferous tubule lumen devoid of spermatozoa. The histology of the group that received BCCE 250mgkg-1 shows the lumen of the seminiferous tubules with spermatozoa indicating that BCCE exerts a protective effect against PTZ-induced damage. This suggests that BCCE has an ameliorative effect against PTZ-induced testicular toxicity in rat models.
Prevalence of Postural Changes During Pregnancy; A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Nama , Waseem Asna , Dastgir Hamza , Ijaz Shahid , Khan Sidra , Bajwa Ayesha
Published: January 2023

Background: Pregnant women might experience a lot of physiological and anatomical changes, predominantly postural changes in their bodies. They often report low back pain, leg problems, pelvic girdle pain and urinary incontinence. Pain in the pelvis, lower back and neck might be due to alterations in spinal curvature and postural changes during pregnancy. Anatomical changes occur due to an increase in ligamentous laxity and because of the weight of the fetus during pregnancy. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of postural changes during pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study is approved by the ethical committee of the college in which 113 pregnant women aged between 25 to 45 years were included in the study from different hospitals in Lahore Pakistan, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria using non-probability convenient sampling. Every pregnant woman was given a consent form and after signing that they filled out a questionnaire consisting of questions about their pregnancy, prenatal care, medical problems and pains during the trimester. The pain was rated on a visual analog scale and posture was assessed using a posture score sheet. Although pregnant women who had complications like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, history of trauma, neoplasm or surgery were excluded. For baseline characteristics, percentages and frequencies were calculated. A histogram was plotted for the age variable. Results: In this study, 113 pregnant women with a mean age of 26.3±2.89 years were included. About 24.77% of pregnant females scored poor for lower back postural grading while 20.4% of pregnant females scored poor for upper back postural grading. Conclusion: This study concludes that pregnant females are more likely to develop postural changes during pregnancy due to an increase in ligamentous laxity and weight of the fetus during pregnancy. This study also suggests that the head, shoulder, spine, pelvic and hip posture tilt, head posterior position, lumbar lordosis, lumbar angle and pelvic tilt increases, although the changes and magnitudes of these posture variables are not associated with back pain.
INFLUENCIA PUNTO ISOELÉCTRICO EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE AISLADOS PROTEICOS DE ORIGEN VEGETAL
Authors: León Morejón Silvia Estefania , Moncayo Palchisaca Denis Viterbo
Published: January 2023

En la actualidad existe un interés creciente por la obtención de productos proteicos vegetales destinados para consumo humano debido principalmente a los beneficios que aportan las proteínas con sus diferentes propiedades nutricionales, funcionales y biológicas, razón por la cual se analiza varias fuentes vegetales y métodos para la extracción de aislados, uno de estos métodos es la extracción con precipitación isoeléctrica a pHs ácidos y básicos estudiando el método y la influencia que tiene tanto en el rendimiento de aislado como en la concentración de proteína. Para ello se tomó referencias de otros estudios realizados en cereales, pseudocereales nueces, raíces, frutos y oleaginosas. En el presente estudio se investiga la influencia del punto isoeléctrico en el rendimiento de aislados proteicos de origen vegetal, siendo el método una opción de estudio debido a su facilidad y bajo costo para la investigación, beneficiando a las industrias de alimentos, farmacéutica entre otras.
Public Usage, Perceived Usefulness, and Satisfaction with E-health Services in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Galavi Zahra , Pourasad Mohammad Hossein , Norouzi Somayeh , Jahani Yones , Khajouei Reza
Published: January 2023

Background: On a global scale, health institutions have used electronic health (e-health) services to challenge the COVID-19 virus. Objectives: This study aimed to assess people’s use and perceived usefulness of e-health services their satisfaction with these services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in November 2021 in Kerman. The data were collected using a researcher-made online questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was comprised of four sections and 33 questions. A logistic regression analysis was run to test the relationship between demographic variables and the rate of use, usefulness, and satisfaction variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was run to test the association between these variables. Results: The age range of 527 participants was 16 - 61. Television had the highest level of use, usefulness, and satisfaction. Pearson's correlation coefficient results showed a significant relationship between the variables of usage and satisfaction, usefulness and satisfaction, and usefulness and usage. These associations were stronger in the rate of use and perceived usefulness of and satisfaction with social networks than in other e-health services (r = 0.87, r = 0.95, P < 0.0001 respectively). Conclusions: The study finding showed that television is more than other platforms used and useful, and people were more satisfied with the information they acquired from them. The present findings can be useful for healthcare policymakers and developers of e-health technologies in a similar situation to the COVID-19 pandemic.
STUDENTS ACHIVEMENT TEAM DIVISION (STAD): PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIF LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH EKONOMI MIKRO MATERI POKOK PERMASALAHAN EKONOMI
Authors: Resti Kartika Dewi  , Sabrang Gilang Gemilang
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan tipe Students Achivement Team (STAD) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Ekonomi Mikro materi Pokok Permasalahan Ekonomi. Data dikumpulkan dengan tes yang diadakan pada setiap akhir siklus. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menjelaskan peningkatan hasil belajar sebelum dan setelah penerapan metode STAD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil belajar mahasiswa dengan kategori mampu pada refleksi awal sebesar 57,33 meningkat 11,92 pada siklus I menjadi 69,25 kemudian meningkat sebesar 5,75 menjadi 75 pada siklus II. Ketuntasan belajar juga meningkat 28% dari refleksi awal sebesar 29% menjadi 57% dan sebesar 19% sehingga menjadi 76% pada siklus II. Penerapan metode STAD telah berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Ekonomi Mikro materi Pokok Permasalahan Ekonomi.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SAINS MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PICTURE AND PICTURE MELALUI LAYAR ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Marwiah
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan siswa melalui model Picture and Picture dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran sains materi penggolongan hewan di SDN 73/IX Simpang Sungai Duren Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota. Penelitian menggunakan metode tindakan kelas serta dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus,  setiap siklus  dua kali pertemuan  dalam alokasi waktu 2 jam  setiap  siklus  akan  melalui  tahap tahap  persiapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan,  evaluasi  dan  refleksi. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran  melalui  model  Picture and Picture pada siklus I pencapaian  hasil  belajar  masih  sangat rendah  yaitu  pada materi  “Penggolongan Hewan”  yakni  mencapai  rata-rata pada siklus I 36%, pada siklus II  mencapai 75% terjadi peningkatan 39% dan  pada  siklus  ke III mencapai 83% terjadi Peningkatan 8%. Hal ini terlihat  pada  setiap  siklus  terjadi peningkatan  dan  pada  tes  akhir  mencapai  nilai  rata – rata   yang memuaskan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa  pembelajaran  melalui  model Picture and Picture dapat neningkatkan hasil  belajar  siswa  yaitu  melihat  persentase dan pencapaian kompetensi  pada  pokok bahasan “Penggolongan Hewan”
Pelatihan perawatan luka pasca khitan metode super ring
Authors: Herawati Vitri Dyah , Indriyati  , Sutrisno  , Widiono
Published: January 2023

Kerutan-kerutan pada kulup bisa menjadi tempat berkumpulnya kotoran yang mengendap. Bila tidak dibuang kotoran tersebut menyebabkan bau yang tidak sedap bahkan infeksi. Prinsip utama sunat adalah asepsis, sayatan yang adekuat pada lapisan luar dan dalam prepusium, hemostasis, perlindungan terhadap batang penis dan urethra, serta hasil yang enak dilihat secara kosmetik. Ada beberapa teknik sunat yang dikenal saat ini, diantaranya sunat tradisional, konvensional (sayatan), dan modern seperti cauter atau klamp dan super ring. Perawatanpasca khitan merupakan tahapan yang penting untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi pada luka pasca khitan, serta perlunya meningkatkan pemahaman keluarga dalam merawat luka pasca khitan sehingga membantu meningkatkan percepatan luka pasca khitan. Peranan dan pengetahuan orangtua dalam tahap perawatan ini diperlukan untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan karena setelah dikhitan biasanya akan membutuhkan waktu 5-10 hari proses penyembuhan luka pasca khitan.
Deteksi kecerdasan emosional mahasiswa keperawatan
Authors: Rosyad Yafi Sabila , Lamere Petra Wenty , Sairlela Rita Agnes
Published: January 2023

Kecerdasan emosial memiliki peran penting dalam mengatasi stress akademik yang dialami oleh mahasiswa. Skrening ini bertujuan untukmengetahui kecerdasan emosional mahasiswa Keperawatan tingkat dua STIKes Yogyakarta. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 34 mahasiswa dengan mengisi skrening secara online. Pengkategorian hasil skrening menggunakan skala ordinal rendah,sedang dan tinggi. Kecerdasan emosional rendah jika skor < 67,5, sedang 67,5-94,4. Dan tinggi jika > 94,4. Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan pada tanggal 1-3 Mei 2022 didapatkan hasil bahwa 91.18 % partisipan yang mengikuti skrening memiliki tingkat kecerdasan emosional sedang dan sisanya memiliki tingkat cederdasan kurang. Masih terdapatnya tingkat kecerdasan rendah dan belum adanya tingkat kecerdasan emosial tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan intervensi atau pelatihan untuk meningkatkan tingkat kecerdasan mahasiswa. Dalam kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hampir seluruh mahasiswa yang mengikuti skrening memiliki tingkat kecerdasan sedang.
Penerapan Bagian Wasiat Wajibah Terhadapa Anak Angkat Dalam Hukum Waris Islam (Perspektif Filosofis)
Authors: Muhammad Arafat  , M. Roem Syibli
Published: January 2023

One aspect of concern is Islamic inheritance law. As for matters related to inheritance, namely wills. With the development of Islamic legal thought, the notion of wills has also developed, which is now called obligatory wills, namely rulers or judges as state officials to force or issue obligatory wills for people who have died which are given to certain people under certain circumstances. The research method used in this article is a descriptive method of analysis using a philosophical normative approach. The results of this research are the philosophical basis of adopted children over adoptive parents according to the Compilation of Islamic Law namely in the Indonesian context, the philosophical basis of the applicable law is Pancasila, as the way of life of the Indonesian nation. Then the provision for adopted children to receive 1/3 of the inheritance of their adoptive parents is actually a fair distribution according to legal justice, if the main heirs do not object, while if the heirs object and harm the heirs then the obligatory will is not allowed carried out because it has the potential to harm the offspring of the heir who in fact is the main heir, this is as Raws said, the main interest of justice from laws made by the State is to guarantee the stability of human life.
The Leadership Strategy Of Principal Of Madrasah About Insemination Of Socio-Culture Value In Madrasah
Authors: Rohman Miftahur , Sutisna Ujang , Sahroni Mahmud
Published: January 2023

This research is inspired by the diversity of students in a number of private Madrasah Aliyah, Central Lampung. By purposive sampling, the researchers took two research locations: MAS Roudlotul Huda Padangratu and MAS Bustanul 'Ulum Jayasakti. The selection of the two locations was based on the fact that the principals of the two madrasahs could be managed well by the diversity of students. This qualitative study aims to determine the leadership role of the madrasah principal in inseminating socio-cultural values ​​in the madrasah. By using documentation, observation, and in-depth interviews with madrasah leaders and several teachers, this study concludes that socio-cultural values ​​are madrasah's efforts to improve student competence through the leadership role of the madrasah principal. Among the leadership strategies of the madrasah head are habituation strategies, exemplary strategies, value internalization strategies, policy strategies (power strategies), and persuasive communication strategies.
TOPIC MODELING: THE USE OF MACHINE LEARNING AND REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE AREA OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)
Authors: Gonzalez Oscar
Published: January 2023

The objective of this paper is to find new trends in the literature using machine learning and reference management systems within the theme of the Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). With help of topic modeling software 857 articles on the topic "Internationalization of SMEs from 2012 to 2021 were analyzed and ranked (citation index) through Endnote® library management systems. The search was focused only on the fields of social science and management. 85 documents were shortlisted from the original cluster to proceed with the text mining. Results show promising areas of research within the Internationalization of SMEs. Stand-out topics include Resource-based Theory, Dynamics Capabilities, International Entrepreneurship, and Ambidexterity among others.

Endnote® Subject Bibliography found the most popular words and topics in the original database. Results showed that using Endnote® and MALLET topic modeling tool it is possible to analyze large amounts of publications and find new trends within a specific field. However, MALLET software needs experts in the field to identify and translate results into meaningful ideas. Endnote® seems to have a higher level of sophistication and a better visual interface, but among the disadvantages are the price of the tool and that it works better with their libraries or partner journals.
CONSPIRACY THEORIES AS AN EXAMPLE OF DISINFORMATION IN THE NETWORK
Authors: LIPIŃSKA Justyna
Published: January 2023

Conspiracy theories have been with people since their inception. The tendency to conspiracy thinking is related to many human cognitive mechanisms that greatly affect our perception of reality. Drastic and sudden events, especially those taking place on the international arena, are an impulse to plot intrigues in order to explain them and understand their causes. Anxiety and fear caused by uncertainty and a low level of trust, both in politicians and experts, are responsible for attempts to question the socio-political order and generally accepted explanations. The aim of the article was to present the phenomenon of spreading disinformation in the form of conspiracy theories on the Internet. The research problem was the question of which societies believe the most in the truth of selected conspiracy theories. The research methods used were: literature analysis. Diagnostic survey, the techniques were: text analysis and a survey with a questionnaire.
KEY ISSUES RELATED TO THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS
Authors: ROSŁAN Grzegorz
Published: January 2023

An important feature that characterizes modern armed conflicts is the large-scale use of aviation. Combat activities of the air force became an integral part of fights, battles and operations conducted in various conditions and in many cases determined their development and final result. Currently, in the center of the media discourse, including political and military, there are e.g., issues regarding the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAV) during an armed conflict. The use of military UAVs in operations in Iraq, Libya and Ukraine confirmed their high usefulness in operations (conflicts) of various intensity. Drawing on practical examples, the article discusses key problems related to the use and integration of UAV. This can be a starting point for a discussion on the challenges associated with their use.

The study used the document research method as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis. A review of the scientific literature on the complex problem of the use of UAVs in the conditions of armed conflict was made. Publicly available information provided by interested institutions was used.
ASに伴う院外心停止に対して，V–A ECMOでの蘇生後，急性期にBAVを行うことで良好な転帰が得られた症例(A case of out–of–hospital, AS–induced cardiac arrest, resuscitated with V–A ECMO followed by BAV in the acute phase with a good outcome)
Authors: 昇宏 野田 , 毅彦 葛西 , 英志 坂脇 , 園子 坂脇 , 佳洋 武山
Published: January 2023

重症大動脈弁狭窄症（aortic stenosis: AS）は心停止の原因となりうる。重症ASによる院外心停止例に対して，体外循環式心肺蘇生，経皮的大動脈弁バルーン形成術（balloon aortic valvuloplasty: BAV）を行い救命した1例を経験した。症例は71歳の男性で，胸痛を訴えた後に失神した。救急隊到着後に心室細動を来し，除細動を2回施行された後に無脈性電気活動に移行した。搬入後veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（V–A ECMO）を導入し，自己心拍は再開したが循環動態は不安定であった。冠動脈造影では有意狭窄を認めず，左室–大動脈圧較差の値から重症ASによる心停止と考えた。来院16時間後にV–A ECMO下で緊急BAVを施行し，左室–大動脈圧較差は45mmHgから12mmHgまで改善した。第3病日にV–A ECMOを離脱，第7病日に抜管した。第16病日，脳機能カテゴリー 1でICUを退室した。重症ASによる心停止で，V–A ECMO装着下で早期にBAVを行うことは，循環動態の安定化を図り，根治術へのbridge therapyとして重要である。
HIT（heparin–induced thrombocytopenia）により両側副腎出血を来し副腎機能不全を呈した墜落外傷の1例(A case of fall trauma with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and adrenal insufficiency due to HIT (heparin–induced thrombocytopenia))
Authors: 憲祐 池田 , 賢彦 海田 , 亮太郎 西方 , 良平 西沢 , 慧 吉川 , 剛明 松田 , 芳裕 山口
Published: January 2023

HIT（heparin–induced thrombocytopenia）により両側副腎出血，副腎機能不全を呈した報告はわが国では1例のみである。今回HITを発症し両側副腎出血により副腎機能不全を呈した外傷の1例を経験したので報告する。症例は50歳代の女性。墜落により胸腰椎，骨盤，下肢の骨折を受傷，動脈塞栓術と創外固定術を行い入院した。入院後血小板数は減少したが数日で増加傾向にあった。第7病日に胸腰椎，骨盤に対して内固定術を行い，第10病日より血栓形成の予防目的にヘパリンを持続で開始した。第12病日に血小板数が50%以上減少したためHITを疑い，入院時から使用していた動脈圧ライン内に添加したヘパリンとヘパリンの持続投与を中止した。その後血小板数は増加し，HIT抗体が陽性でありHITと診断した。第13病日に施行した造影CTで両側副腎出血と右外腸骨静脈血栓を認めた。副腎出血は経過観察とし，外腸骨静脈血栓に対しては下大静脈フィルターを留置した。第15病日，迅速ACTH（adrenocorticotropin hormone）負荷試験により副腎機能不全と診断しステロイドを開始し，反応は良好であった。その後副腎出血の増大はなく血栓も縮小傾向となり第42病日，他院に転院した。重症外傷症例では，HITの発症を考慮する必要があり，さらに両側副腎出血，副腎機能不全の合併も念頭におくべきである。
Association between prealbumin, all‐cause mortality, and response to nutrition treatment in patients at nutrition risk: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bretscher Céline , Buergin Michelle , Gurzeler Gianna , Kägi‐Braun Nina , Gressies Carla , Tribolet Pascal , Lobo Dileep N. , Evans David C. , Stanga Zeno , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp ,   for the EFFORT study team
Published: January 2023

Background

Because of the shorter half‐life as compared with albumin, serum prealbumin concentrations have been proposed to be useful nutrition biomarkers for the assessment of patients at nutrition risk. In a post hoc analysis of patients at nutrition risk from a randomized controlled nutrition trial, we tested the hypothesis that (1) prealbumin is associated with higher all‐cause 180‐day mortality rates and that (2) individualized nutrition support compared with usual‐care nutrition more effectively improves survival at 30 days in patients with low prealbumin levels compared with patients with normal prealbumin levels.

Methods

We performed a prespecified cohort study in patients included in the pragmatic, Swiss, multicenter randomized controlled EFFORT trial comparing the effects of individualized nutrition support with usual care. We studied low prealbumin concentrations (<0.17 g/L) in a subgroup of 517 patients from one participating center.

Results

A total of 306 (59.2%) patients (mean age 71.9 years, 53.6% men) had low admission prealbumin levels (<0.17 g/L). There was a significant association between low prealbumin levels and mortality at 180 days (115/306 [37.6%] vs 47/211 [22.3%], fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.28; P = 0.011). Prealbumin levels significantly improved the prognostic value of the Nutritional Risk Screening total score regarding mortality prediction at short‐ and long‐term. The difference in mortality between patients receiving individualized nutrition support and usual‐care nutrition was similar for patients with low prealbumin levels compared with patients with normal prealbumin levels (HR=0.90 [95% CI=0.51–1.59] vs HR=0.88 [95% CI=0.35–2.23]) with no evidence for interaction (P = 0.823).

Conclusion

Among medical inpatients at nutrition risk, low admission prealbumin levels correlated with different nutrition markers and higher mortality risk, but patients with low or high prealbumin levels had a similar benefit from nutrition support. Further studies should identify nutrition markers that help further personalize nutrition interventions.
Minding the gap between the front and back offices: A systemic analysis of the offshore oil and gas upstream supply chain for framing digital transformation
Authors: Czachorowski Karen V. , Haskins Cecilia , Mansouri Mo
Published: January 2023

The offshore oil and gas upstream supply chain operations are part of a complex system with many stakeholders and intricate relationships. Traditionally, these operations are managed manually, which leads to inefficiencies. Despite the innovative and engineering‐orientated approaches adopted in other technical operations of the industry, the supply chain activities remain unchanged, relying heavily on legacy systems. However, cutting‐edge technology opportunities are available for adoption in supply chain management systems in the oil and gas industry. Such a transformative upgrade relies on first understanding the operational inefficiencies and preparing an accurate picture for how these operations should be performed. This study adopts a systemic approach to examine the oil and gas offshore supply chain operations of a case company to identify areas for improvement. The objective is to address the following research questions: (1) what is the current “AS‐IS” supply chain operations support; and (2) what is the desired “TO‐BE” state for these operations. This research adopts a soft systems lenses applied in an action research project to capture and analyze existing operations. The research revealed that information exchange is a major barrier, and that technology and organizational gaps are the primary hindrance for a digital transformation. The conclusion is that there is a need for a higher level of data exchange and increased data quality in any proposed transformation.
Does it Matter Where You Live? Young People’s Experiences of Educational Transitions from Basic Education to Further Education in Finnish Lapland
Authors: Lakkala Suvi , Turunen Tuija , Laitinen Merja , Norvapalo Katja , Thessler Kaisa
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes how young people living in small communities or rural areas in Finnish Lapland portray their educational transitions from primary to secondary school and further to upper secondary school and vocational education and training. The research data consists of 7 focus group interviews, which were attended by a total of 27 students. The research philosophy relied on a phenomenological approach in which the young people’s experiences were explored. The data analyses were conducted using the theory-led thematic analysis approach. According to the results, the transition phases resulted in changing roles and responsibilities for the students. The experiences included both positive and negative aspects. The students’ social relationships and supporting networks underwent changes, for example, the students were excited about whether they will develop new friends and their parents expected them to be more autonomous than before. Young people leaving their communities encountered diverse challenges. On the other hand, some of the young people who continued their studies in the small community were worried about their privacy and had a fear of stigmatisation. As an answer to the question set in the title of this chapter, we may conclude that it really matters where one lives during educational transitions.
General Average in Genoa: Between Statutes and Customs
Authors: Iodice Antonio
Published: January 2023

When it comes to the development of the rules governing the General Average (GA) procedure, this is usually understood in a "continuity" perspective. Rules and practices seem to converge towards a common approach, at least across the Mediterranean Sea. What risks being lost in this narrative is the variety of local legal systems and the different ways in which the states of the Old Regime regulated the GA institution. This contribution aims to present GA rules and their evolution in the Republic of Genoa from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age. In particular, it will focus on mutual influences between the Consulat de Mar and the Genoese customs. Moreover, the information uploaded in the online database AveTransRisk will be used to evaluate the application of the statutory rules in daily practice by shipmasters arriving in the port of Genoa.
The Nautical Republic of the Carrera de Indias: Commerce, Navigation, Casos Fortuitos and Avería Gruesa in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: García Garralón Marta
Published: January 2023

This essay analyzes some aspects of the relationships between merchants and seamen as they emerge from the handling of General Averages—averías gruesas—in the Carrera de Indias. The practice of General Average was underpinned by the concept that mutual aid and assistance were needed in shipping, even when travelling in convoys as was the case in the Carrera. The analysis of GA litigation in the Spanish Atlantic is a privileged window into the conflicts between two categories—merchants and seamen—and those institutions, such as the Casa de Contratación and those Crown officers who regulated Atlantic trade and navigation.
All-Normal Dispersion Fiber Supercontinuum: Principles, Design, and Applications of a Unique White Light Source
Authors: Heidt Alexander M. , Spangenberg Dirk-Mathys , Rampur Anupamaa , Hartung Alexander , Bartelt Hartmut
Published: January 2023

Ultrafast and low-noise supercontinuum (SC) sources based on all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers are emerging as key-enabling technology for new applications in spectroscopy, microscopy, and ultrafast photonics. In this chapter we review the fundamental physics, fiber designs, and applications of this unique white light source.
Chemical Pollution and Diseases of Marine Mammals
Authors: Reckendorf Anja , Siebert Ursula , Parmentier Eric , Das Krishna
Published: January 2023

Man-made persistent pollutants (such as PCBs, pesticides and trace metals) reach aquatic organisms through the food chains. Pollutants are ingested and assimilated by smaller organisms, and their concentration in tissues increases from prey to predators. Being at the top of the food chains, marine mammals accumulate some of the highest environmental contaminant levels of all wildlife. They are good sentinel species for monitoring long-term environmental pollution. Exposure to contaminants may have large consequences, both on an individual and a population level. The prevalence and severity of diseases of aquatic wildlife has recently increased in many species. Scientists use new methods to understand how pollutants affect the immune system of marine mammals. Learning about contaminants may also contribute to our understanding of outbreaks of infectious diseases in marine mammals.
Towards Sustainable Transport Practices in a Coastal Community in Norway: Insights from Human Needs and Social Practice Approaches
Authors: Guillén-Royo Mònica , Temesgen Amsale K. , Vangelsten Bjørn Vidar
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents the results of needs-based workshops carried out in Vågan municipality in the Lofoten Islands in Northern Norway in 2018. Drawing on Max-Neef’s Human Scale Development participatory methodology, 14 representatives of the local society, including students, blue- and white-collar workers and pensioners, participated in a one-day workshop discussing satisfiers (values, social practices, institutions, personal and collective actions and attributes, environments, etc.) that either hampered or contributed to need fulfilment in the municipality. Participants also identified the interventions, at the personal, community and governance levels, that would improve need fulfilment and environmental sustainability. Analysis of workshop data revealed that sustainable transport practices, including ride- and car-sharing using collective transport and cycling, were considered synergetic as they helped fulfil several human needs whilst hampering none. Further, the study highlighted the interdependence of satisfiers associated with sustainable transport and other need-promoting satisfiers. For example, encouraging ride-sharing appeared both linked to the development of a dedicated mobile phone application and to the creation of non-commercial meeting places. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the implications of a human need perspective for the transition towards sustainable consumption practices.
Value Mapping: Practical Tools for Wellbeing and Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Butters Chris , Jakobsen Ove
Published: January 2023

The goal of consumption—and hence of economics—is wellbeing. Whilst useful for some purposes, orthodox tools such as GNP tell us little meaningful about our wellbeing, or that of the planet. Newer frameworks such as Ecological Economics or Quality of Life indices introduce qualitative criteria, embracing a much broader view of costs and benefits. However, they still leave consumers without tools to actually guide and frame decision making. Looking beyond the material, psychological, cultural and other forces underlying consumption, this chapter offers tools to enable those—consumers or policy makers—who have the intent to move towards sustainable choices.

However, to do so we need to integrate all three facets of ecology, economy and society within a holistic framework. Basic material needs like food or shelter are quantifiable; qualities such as friendships or liberty are not. Consumption decisions involve both objective and subjective factors, quantities and qualities, facts and values. Can these antinomic categories be integrated in one framework for evaluation and decision making? We must also consider the individual, the collective and the global. This is what “value mapping” offers; a framework to evaluate and compare choices; an integral approach to wellbeing and consumption. It addresses both experts and laypeople, and is visually intuitive as well as easy to apply either in simple versions or in detailed forms not described here. What kinds of consumption can give maximum wellbeing with minimum negative impacts? The Value Maps presented here are practical tools to address this question.
Capitalism, Consumption, and the Transformation of Everyday Life: The Political Economy of Social Practices
Authors: Hansen Arve
Published: January 2023

This chapter takes the growth of the ‘global consumer class’ as a starting point and argues that a broader research agenda to make sense of consumption among new middle classes is needed. Specifically, the chapter argues that such an agenda needs to approach changing consumption patterns as the outcome of both large-scale societal transformations and local-scale changes in how people carry out mundane activities. The chapter is influenced by social practice theories but argues for combining this with a direct study of economic systems. However, practice approaches have been labelled as so far unable or even ill-suited for studying the political economy of consumption. The chapter engages with this critique and suggests ways forward, focusing in particular on the fundamentally structuring role that capitalism has on consumption patterns. This is illustrated with the case of the radical changes in consumption patterns in China and Vietnam in the past decades, after both countries embarked on market reforms. The dramatic consumption booms these countries have seen under communist regimes, traditionally highly sceptical towards a wide range of consumer goods, represent an excellent case for discussing the conditioning effects of the political-economic context on consumption patterns.
Household Energy Practices in Low-Energy Buildings: A Qualitative Study of Klosterenga Ecological Housing Cooperative
Authors: Standal Karina , Wilhite Harold L. , Wågø Solvår
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines household energy practices in the ecological housing cooperative Klosterenga in Oslo, Norway. Klosterenga, built in 2000, was one of the early implementers of smart building principles in Oslo, Norway. Although the ecological profile of Klosterenga inspired some of the residents to change behavioural habits such as limiting their car use or consumption patterns, the findings of this article show that expectations of smart technology as a primary solution towards energy efficiency and residents being rational consumers using this technology to save costs do not hold. The residents of Klosterenga rarely emphasised the building’s ecological profile and smart energy systems when purchasing their home, and the energy-efficient systems and integration of heating costs in the rent had adverse effects on residents’ energy consumption. Rather than taking the visions of ecology at heart, many residents legitimised everyday habits of high indoor temperature in the fact that the system was efficient. The findings contribute to the growing body of research that critically examines how smart technology visions for reducing energy use in buildings are implemented and practiced by the residents living in them.
A ‘People’s Car’ Without a People? Mobility, Aspirations and Status in ‘New India’
Authors: Nielsen Kenneth Bo , Wilhite Harold
Published: January 2023

This chapter analyses the trajectory of the Indian small car, the Tata Nano. When launched by the manufacturer Tata Motors as a new Indian ‘people’s car’ in 2008, the Nano was widely predicted to revolutionise automobility in India. Yet it barely made an impact on the Indian car market, and production was phased out just a decade after the first Nano had hit the Indian roads. By analysing the changing popular representations and symbolic imaginaries that attach to the car as a means to mobility and an object of identity and social status, we argue that the Nano failed neither because it was mediocre, nor because it remained economically out of reach for most Indians. Rather, its insertion into the lower ranks of a powerful status hierarchy of identity-defining objects precluded it from adequately tapping into new and hegemonic forms of middle-class consumer aspiration in ‘New India’, thereby leaving the people’s car without ‘a people’.
The Illustrated Printed Page as a Tool for Thinking and for Transmitting Knowledge. The Case of the Theoricae Planetarum
Authors: Pantin Isabelle
Published: January 2023

During the early modern period, astronomy underwent a profound transformation in the way it was taught, as the response of an enlarged readership took on more and more importance. This change notably concerned the use of images and diagrams. TheTheoricae planetarum, especially Peuerbach’sTheoricae novae planetarum, are a privileged example in this respect, for they served a particularly large range of functions. They were mnemonic tools and visual glossaries, and an essential element in Peuerbach’s pedagogical approach. They had a documentary role, as they gave plausible representations of the celestial spheres; they could be used as proofs of the soundness of a “theory,” or could simply help to follow a geometrical demonstration. Some of them were small-scale models designed to serve as tools for the mind to better grasp the complex combination of movements in what was then calledmachina mundi. All these figures, and their power to exercise the mind, were well suited to a period when more and more astronomers were involved in imagining, drawing, and comparing hypothetical models of planetary movements.
Theoretical Framework and Stylized Facts
Authors: Hasanov Fakhri J. , Joutz Frederick L. , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. , Javid Muhammad
Published: January 2023

In a very broad sense, KGEMM is a demand-side macroeconometric model augmented with several supply-side representations. The fifth version of KGEMM, presented in this book, has more supply-side augmentation compared to earlier versions. Welfe (2011) among others discuss that for macroeconometric models to be used for policy analysis and projections they should represent both the demand- and supply-side relationships.
Conclusions
Authors: Freebody Jane
Published: January 2023

The comparison of patient occupation in French and English mental institutions has highlighted different attitudes towards the causation and treatment of mental disorder and towards different models of care. It has also emphasised the influence of factors external to institutions, such as poverty, welfare provision, local employment, war and financial crises, on patient occupation. The comparison has revealed how the perceived need by one group of medical professionals (in this case, psychiatrists) for a particular treatment (occupational therapy) can stimulate the growth of a new profession and the infrastructure to support it. It has demonstrated how old ideas and practices can be re-imagined and brought back into use, becoming the hallmark of a modern hospital once again. While the precise nature of the activity and the justifications for its allocation have changed in emphasis over time and in different settings, patient occupation has remained a constant in institutions for the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century.
From Alienism to Psychiatry
Authors: Freebody Jane
Published: January 2023

Freebody demonstrates how the divergent pathways to professionalisation taken by French and English psychiatry generated different views regarding the causation and treatment of mental disorders, and the therapeutic value attributed to work and other occupations. French psychiatry’s close links to neurology led to an adherence to a physiological interpretation of mental disorder, and to the persistence of a custodial model of care, or “alienism”, in the provinces, and to a preference for biological methods of treatment in the capital. After their experiences of treating “shell shock” during World War I, English psychiatrists (and a small group of Parisian psychiatrists) began to see the causes of mental disorder holistically, the result of psychological, social or environmental factors, or a combination of these and physiological factors. For these psychiatrists, occupation and psychotherapy became useful tools in the active treatment of curable patients, not simply the preserve of calm, chronic, incurable and convalescent patients.
Affective Contexts Worldwide
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew
Published: January 2023

To better understand the mechanics of how false information challenges the health of the civic body, this chapter explores the economics of emotion (the optimisation of datafied emotional content for financial gain) and the politics of emotion (the optimisation of datafied emotional content for political gain) under different affective contexts worldwide. It starts by examining elections in the USA, given its politically affectively polarised population, its media polarisation and long experience of emotive electoral disinformation on social media. It then turns to the Philippines, given its affective patronage democracy, clientelism and extremely high social media usage. This is followed by examining Sweden, a country that should be resilient to false information given its strong civic institutions, but that has witnessed a breakdown of consensus culture initiated by the emergence of right-wing populist nationalist political parties and supporting online media. These examples provide a grounded sense of the scale and dynamics of false information media systems. They highlight the importance of understanding specificities of affective contexts, and their intersections with international information flows such as information warfare, ideological struggles and resources for content moderation by global platforms.
US-China Strategic Competition in Each Domestic Context
Authors: Carlson Brian G.
Published: January 2023

The U.S.-China strategic competition has grown increasingly intense in recent years. A large share of the explanation lies in the changing structure of the international system, as a rising China poses a challenge to the U.S. position as the established superpower. Domestic political factors in both countries also play important roles, however. The clash between the two countries’ political systems, pitting a liberal democracy against a one-party authoritarian state, intensifies the conflict. Moreover, recent political developments in both countries create pressure for increasingly intense competition. As the 2020 U.S. presidential election made clear, a strong bipartisan consensus has formed in the United States in favor of a more confrontational approach toward China than the engagement strategy pursued for the past few decades. In China, the combination of domestic political problems made worse by the coronavirus pandemic, the imperative to satisfy Chinese nationalism, and Xi Jinping’s consolidation of one-man rule could push China toward an increasingly assertive foreign policy. All of these domestic factors could further intensify the U.S.-China strategic competition.
The China Nudge: Naivety, Neutrality, and Non-alignment in Sweden
Authors: Lagerkvist Johan
Published: January 2023

This chapter explains how the major authoritarian powers China and Russia have propelled Sweden to alter its more than two hundred years long policy of neutrality and non-alignment. The focus is predominantly on China and its “wolf-warrior diplomacy” in Sweden, the Swedish debate on political naivety in general and regarding China in particular. It is argued that five years of deteriorating Sino-Swedish relations nudged Sweden further toward seeking stronger ties with the European Union on China policy. Drivers of these rapid and major changes to both policy and identity were the abduction of publisher Gui Minhai by Chinese state agents in Thailand in 2015 and the ensuing diplomatic conflict with China. The Swedish public, political parties, and especially key actors in the civil service increasingly perceived China as a threat to values and security. This sequence of events led to their construction of a coalition of consensus on a new China policy. Thus, authoritarian China, together with its increasingly belligerent partner Russia, became an important contributing factor that nudged “naïve” Sweden even further away from neutrality and onto the trajectory of military non-alignment.