bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINDAKAN PERAWAT DALAM MENERAPKAN 7 LANGKAH KESELAMATAN PASIEN
Authors: Hia Yusama
Published: December 2019

Keselamatan pasien berdasarkan JCI berkaitan dengan pemberian obat merupakan salah satu bentuk pelayanan yang bertujuan agar obat yang diperlukan tersedia setiap saat dibutuhkan, dalam jumlah yang cukup, mutu terjamin dan harga yang terjangkau untuk mendukung pelayanan. yang bermutu serta memenuhi kebutuhan rumah sakit dalam meningkatkan kualitas keselamatan pasien.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan keselamatan pasien dalam pemberian obat oleh perawat di RSJD Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian menggunakan kualitatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah perawat pelaksana dan kepala ruang di RSJD Aminogonduhutomo. Prosedur pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui implementasi keselamatan pasien menurut perawat pelaksana dilakukan dengan berbagai cara seperti melakukan setiap tindakan sesuai dengan SOP, mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan tentang keselamatan pasien. Implementasi keselamatan pasien menurut kepala ruang sudah bagus, karena telah dibuat Tim mutu untuk keselamatan pasien, dimana semua bekerja sudah sesuai dengan standar-standar yang ada yaitu SPO. Kendala yang dihadapi berkaitan dengan sarana pengecekan efek samping obat masih membutuhkan farmakologi klinis yang masih terbatas sehingga untuk pemantauan obat, kemudian pemberian obat dan lain-lain ada sebagian tugas dari farmasi yang didelegasikan ke perawat, karena keterbatasan mereka dengan alasan kekurangan tenaga. Berdasarkan hasil di atas maka rumah sakit diharapkan perlu mensosialisasikan program keselamatan pasien. adanya tim penggerak di ruangan, membuat tim keselamatan pasien, melakukan uji coba disalah satu ruangan serta mengembangkan langkah-langkah yang belum terlaksana.
Melakukan Pengkajian Eliminasi Urin dalam Proses Keperawata
Authors: Zendrato Satri Andani
Published: December 2019

Pendahuluan Urin atau air seni atau air kencing adalah cairan sisa yang diekskresikan oleh ginjal yang kemudian akan dikeluarkan dari dalam tubuh melalui proses urinasi. Ekskresi urin diperlukan untuk membuang molekul-molekul sisa dalam darah yang disaring oleh ginjal dan menjaga homeostasi cairan tubuh. Namun, ada juga beberapa spesies yang menggunakan urin sebagai sasaran komunakasi olfaktor. Urin disaring di dalam ginjal, dibawa melalui ureter menuju kandung kemih, akhirnya dibuang kluar tubuh melalui ureter. Tujuan dalam pengkajian eliminasi urine yaitu untuk mengetahui mendeskripsikan warna, kejernihan, dan bau urine normal. Mendeskripsikan pola urinase abnormal. Metode desain peneliti yang digunakan dalam studi kasus ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif klien yang mengalami infeksi saluran kemih dengan masalah Gangguan Eliminasi Urine di ruang Dahlia RSUD Jombang, jumlah subyek penelitian adalah dua klien dengan masalah keperawatan dan diagnosa medis yang sama. Hasil pada klien dengan masalah Gangguan Eliminasi Urine intervensi yang digunakan adalah NOC: Gangguan Eliminasi Urin NIC: Kontrol Infeksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada kedua klien di dapatkan perbedaan dari hasil UL klien, antara klien pertama lebih rendah dari klien ke dua. Pembahasan Urine, yang dibentuk di ginjal, terdiri dari air yang berlebihan dari tubuh, sedikit karbon dioksida, sejumlah kecil sampah padat, dan zat abnormal yang diserang dari darah. Ketika tubuh berkeringat banyak akibat cuaca panas, olahraga, atau demam, tubuh membentuk dan mengekskresikan lebih sedikit urine. Penutup yang diberikan kepada klien, klien jangan menahan kencing sehingga dapat mengambil suatu keputusan yang sesuai dengan masalah serta ikut mempertahankan dan melakukan tindakan yang di berikan oleh tenaga kesehatan.
‘’BENTROK DI TANAH PAPUA TEORI SOEKARNO”
Authors: puspa Bella septi
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKPada dasarnya terjadinya bentrokan di tanah papua karena masyarakat papua sebagian.besar masih minimnya pengetahuan atau pemahaman tentang pancasila oleh sebab itu dengan mudahnya orang-orang tertentu atau orang orang yang tidak senang dengan kemajuan bangsa Indonesia khususnya ditanah papua.Dan bila mana ada pembaruan dalam kehidupan dengan segala suku seiring jalanya waktu akan terjadi perubahan peningkatan sumber daya manusia bila mana SDM sudah meningkatkan otomatis taraf kehidupan dapat berubah .Pemerintah daerah sangat berperan penting untuk memajukan SDM dan membuka peluang kerja untuk menciptakan SDMyang terkendali dengan jalan pendekatan kepada masyarakat lokal.Bila SDM masyarakat lokal sudah terbentuk sudah majumaka dengan sendirinya kita mendapatkan pimpinan .pimpinan baru yang bisa untuk memajukan daerahnya dan membangun daerah berdasarkan asas ideologi bangsa Indonesia.Gotong royong antara masyarakat lokal dan pendatang akhirnya terjadi sifat sifat individu masing masing yang muncul di permukaan masya
KESIAPAN CALON PENDIDIK DALAM ADMINISTRASI DAN SUPERVISI DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Makruf Anang
Published: December 2019

Pentingnya Administrasi dan Supervisi Pendidikan membuat para calon pendidik harus mengerti dan memahami apa dan bagaimana administrasi dan supervise pendidikan tersebut. Dalam hakikatnya, pendidik hanya mengajar didalam kelas. Tetapi kenyataannya setiap pendidik juga berhubungan langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap proses administrasi yang ada disekolah. Maka dari itu penting bagi calon pendidik memahami tentang administrasi dan supervise pendidikan.Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi tugas pada mata kuliah Administrasi dan Supervisi Pendidikan. Administrasi dan Supervisi merupakan salah satu mata kuliah umum yang ada di Universitas Negeri Padang. Kesimpulan dari penulisan ini adalah kesiapan bagi calon pendidik terhadap administrasi dan supervise pendidikan tersebut. Maka disarankan bagi calon pendidik untuk memahami administrasi dan supervise pendidikan terlebih dahulu.
SIKAP PERAWAT DALAM BERKOMUNIKASI INTERPROFESIONAL COLABORATION DENGAN KESELMTAN PASIEN .
Authors: ikbal riri fauzana
Published: December 2019

latar belakang : perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan profesiaonal di bidang keahliannnya . sebagai seorang perawat dalam melakukan tindakan pemberiasuhan pasti akan bekerjasama atau berkolaborasi dengan tenagaa kesehatan laiannya seperi dokter , farmasi , gizi , apoteker dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya . karna dengan kerja sama tenaga medis lainnya akan membantu pemberian asuhan berjalan dengan baik dan mengurangi resiko bahaya pada pasien sehingga pasien tersebut akan merasa terjamin keselamtan nya . tujuan :tujuan di lakuakn penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sikap dari seorang perawat dlam interprofesional collaboration dengan keselmatan pasien . metode : yang di gunakan adalah literature review dengan cara menganalisisis , eksploirasi dan kajian bebas pada artikel, jurnal, text book , maupun e-book yang relevan dan berfokus pada sikap perawat dalam interprofesional collaboration dengan keselamtan pasien. hasil : dari hasil review beberapa jurnal perawat memilikik sikap dan tindakan dalam interprofesional dengan keselmatan pasien . oleh karena itu perawat harus memiliki sikap yang baik dalam melakukan kolaborasi . kesimpulan : sebagai tenaga kesehatan perawat harus mampu berkolaborasi dengan tenaga kesehatan lain nya untuk ,membuat dan menjamin keselamatan pasien .
Budaya pasien mempengaruhi kesehatan pasien di rumah sakit
Authors: Deirma
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang: Budaya keselamatan yang baik dapat mengurangi risiko terjadinya kejadian yang tidak diinginkan' Maka' diperlukan pelatihan secara rutin bagi petugas medis agar benar-benar memahami budaya keselamatan pasien' . Tujuan: agar benar-benar memahami budaya keselamatan pasien' Pengawasan dari atasan juga harus ditingkatkan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk menerapkan budaya keselamatan pasien. Metode: Menggunakan literature review dengan menganalisis artikel, jurnal maupun text book yang .Artikel yang digunakan 14 referensi, diterbitkan 10 tahun terakhir menggunakan google scholar,google book dan science direct.Dalam mencari artikel, kata kunci yang digunakan Budaya pasien mempengaruhi kesehatan pasien di rumah sakit. Hasil: Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi budaya :1. lklim Organisasi Pengukuran budaya keselamatan pasien dipengaruhi oleh sikap aman dan tidak aman pegawai di level individu, unit kerja dan organisasi. 2. Tingkat Pengetahuan Tingkat pengetahuan tenaga medis khususnya perawat sangatlah penting dalam meiaksanakan asuhan keperawatan. 3. PeneraPan Keselamatan Fasien Perawatan tidak aman Yang dilakukan oleh Petugas kesehatan dirumah sakit. 4. Aspek Komunikasi Komunikasi yang baik antar petugas medis dengan. 5. Aspek Etika Sampai saat ini tenaga keperawatan belum memiliki landasan hukum yang jelas dan pasti dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehaian
FUNGSI PERAWAT DALAM MENEGAKKAN PENERAPAN K3 di RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Sitanggang Rahmatia
Published: December 2019

Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) bagi pekerja di rumah sakit dan fasilitas medis lainnya perlu di perhatikan lebih lanjur. Demikian pula penanganan faktor potensi berbahaya yang ada di rumah sakit serta metode pengembangan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja disana perlu dilaksanakan, seperti misalnya perlindungan baik terhadap penyakit infeksi maupun non infeksi, penanganan limbah medis, penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan sebagainya. Selain terhadap pekerja di fasilitas medis/klinik maupun rumah sakit, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di rumah sakit juga “concern” keselamatan dan hak-hak pasien, yang masuk kedalam program patient safety.
KESELAMATAN PASIEN MERUPAKAN BUDAYA YANG HARUS DITINGKATKAN : Literature Review
Authors: Christiana Yessi
Published: December 2019

Sampai saat ini keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit merupakan isu utama yang harus di tingkatkan kembali. Keselamatan pasien merupakan hal utama yang harus di perhatikan oleh petugas pelayanan kesehatan baik dokter, perawat, farmasi, ahli gizi, dan semua yang terlibat di dalamnya. Perawat yang merupakan pelayan utama yang paling dekat dengan pasien harus semakin teliti dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pasien di lingkungan rumah sakit. Tujuan dari kajian ini ialah untuk semakin meningkatkan budaya keselamatan pasien dalam lingkungan rumah sakit, agar setiap pembaca serta perawat dalam meningkatkan budaya keselamatan pasien. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan beberapa liretur yang ada sesuai dengan topik kajian ini. Kesimpulan yang di dapat ialah bahwa kebiasaan yang dilakukan dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pasien akan menjadi budaya kedepannya. Maka dalam meinigkatkan keselamatan pasien harus di mulai dari hal sederhana seperti komunikasi yang terjali, dan keterbukaan antar setiap pelayan kesehatan.
Administrasi Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan
Authors: Larasati
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this article is to fulfill structured assignments in the Administration and Supervision of Education courses. And one of the knowledge especially for compilers and generally for readers, regarding the Administration of Educators and Education Personnel.
PENGARUH KESELAMATAN PASIEN DENGAN AKREDITASI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: hafaz Ibnu
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang: Rumah sakit sebagai salah satu institusi pelayanan kesehatan memiliki fungsi penting dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat sehingga dituntut untuk selalu meningkatkan mutu pelayanan yang diberikan Tujuan: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat presentase rumah sakit yang sudah menerapkan keselamatan pasien dengan baik kajian ini juga dimaksud agar rumah sakit dapat menerapkan keselamatan pasien guna akreditas Metode: Kajian ini juga dibuat dengan melakukan analisi terhadap beberapa sumber ilmiah, baik itu buku, e-book, jurnal, maupun artikel ilmiah lainnya yang berhubungan dengan asuhan keperawatan Hasil: Akreditasi rumah sakit di pengaruhi oleh keselamatan pasien akan tetapi masi dalam tinggakata kurang baik masi ada nya insiden terhadap pasien rumah sakit dan kurang pelayanan kesehatan. Pembahasan: rumah sakit salah satu yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pasien adalah perawat kesimpulan: rumah sakit salah satu yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pasien adalah perawat. Keselamatan pasien bagi perawat Saran: perawat sebaiknya harus mampu menjaga keselamatan pasien guna meningkat kan akreditas rumah sakit menjadi lebih baik lagi.
HAL-HAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PELAKSANAAN SASARAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN
Authors: Sinulingga Seri Bulan
Published: December 2019

Perbaikan-perbaikan terus dilakukan dalam meningkatkan program keselamatan pasien demi mensejahterakan kondisi pasien dan institusi Rumah Sakit yang kompeten. Insdien yang berkaitan terhadap keselamatan pasien dapat menimbulkan dampak yang besar bahkan menyeret sampai ke rana hukum, ini tentu menimbulkan kerugian yang besar bagi tenaga kesehatan maupun institusi Rumah Sakit itu sendiri. Penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keselamatan pasien. Maka peran perawat sebagai ujung tombak yang memberikan pelayanan kepada pasien harus melakukan tindakan dengan dibekali pendidikan dan pengetahuan mengenai patient safety. Dalam meningkatkan mutu keselamatan pasien tenaga medis harus menerapkan budaya keselamatan pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dimana penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pengumpulan data yang ada pada buku textbook maupun jurnal.
PERAN PERAWAT DALAM MELAKSANAKAN LANGKAH-LANGKAH KESELAMATAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Sinaga Bintang Pangestu
Published: December 2019

LatarBelakang:PatientSafetyatau keselamatan pasien merupakan isu global yang mempengaruhi negara-negaradi semua tingkat pembangunan. Meskipun perkiraan ukuran permasalahan masih belum pasti, khususnya,ada kemungkinan bahwa jutaan pasien seluruh dunia menderita cacat,cedera atau meninggal setiap tahun karena pelayanan kesehatan yang tidak aman.Tujuan:Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran perawat dalam melaksanakan langkah-langkah keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit Metode:Jurnalini penulis menggunakan Metode melakukan analisis data sekunder,yauitu kajian pustaka terhadap beberapa jurnal dan buku.Hasil : Menurut jurnal Idea Nursing Journal vol.1 No.1mengatakan bahwa disimpulkan bahwaPatient Safety atau keselamatan pasien merupakan isu global yang mempengaruhi negara-negara disemua tingkat pembangunan. Menurut jurnal Kes Mas:JurnalFakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol.11,Issue 2, September 2017: 169 – 174 menyatakan bahwa Dari hasil penelitian diketahui budaya keselamatan pasien diRS Ibnu Sina Makassar mendapatkan respon positif dan Instalasi rawat inap merupakan instalasi dengan respon positif.Pembahasan:Dirumah sakit tenaga kerja berperan dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pasien adalah perawat. Keselamatan pasien bagi perawat tidak hanya merupakan pedoman tentang apa yang seharusnya di lakukan ,namun keselamatan pasien harus di lakukan sebagai komitmen.Penutup:Dari hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa keselamatan pasien yang dilakukan perawat ,membuat perawat tau tentang pemahaman perawat pelaksanaan tentang penerapan keselamatan pasien.
From relativistic time dilation to psychological time perception: an approach and model, driven by the theory of relativity, to combine the physical time with the time perceived while experiencing different situations.
Authors: Conte Andrea
Published: December 2019

An approach, supported by a physical model driven by the theory of relativity, is presented. This approach and model tend to conciliate the relativistic view on time dilation with the current models and conclusions on time perception. The model uses energy ratios instead of geometrical transformations to express time dilation. Brain mechanisms like the arousal mechanism and the attention mechanism are interpreted and combined using the model. Matrices of order two are generated to contain the time dilation between two observers, from the point of view of a third observer. The matrices are used to transform an observer time to another observer time. Correlations with the official time dilation equations are given in the appendix.
Recent advances in the use of Glycoprotein (GP) Ilb/Illa receptors inhibitors
Authors: Raut Roshan , KC Man Bahadur , Sharma Deewakar , Rajbhandari Sujeeb , Baidhya Sajan G
Published: December 2019

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors are the most common receptor subtypes on the platelet surface. During vessel injury, the sub-endothelial layer is exposed so that platelets adhere to sub-endothelial collagen via la/Ila receptor and to von Willebrand factor via glycoprotein Ib receptor. Adherent platelets are activated by ADP, 5-HT, TXA2 etc which result in the conformational change of platelets, thereby activating nearly 80,000 GP IIb/IIIa receptors on platelet surface. These activated receptors bind fibrinogen to fascilate the formation of a platelet plug.1,2
Coronary Risk Factors in Female Patients With CAD
Authors: Adhikary Prabin
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to study the association of risk factors for coronary heart diseases in female population. Subjects were included from patients attending three major hospitals within Kathmandu. Patient characteristics were noted and statistical association were sought.
Perbandingan Kedudukan Penyidik Tindak Pidana Narkotika Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika Dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana
Authors: Hutagaol Ramses
Published: December 2019

The existence of Authority between Investigators of the National Narcotics Agency and the Republic of Indonesia Police Article 81 of Law Number 35 Year 2009 concerning Narcotics, especially in the field of investigation, causes a dualism in the investigation of narcotics crime. The authority of the Narcotics Agency in Law Number 35 of 2009 has a greater portion than the Police Discipline. The regulatory authority for the investigation of the National Narcotics Agency in Law Number 35 Year 2009 concerning National Narcotics in the context of preventing the development of increasingly organized narcotics crime. In addition good coordination needs to be continued between the police and PPNS BNN. In order for the Government to make laws and regulations governing the limits of authority between law enforcement agencies such as the PPNS National Narcotics Agency and the National Police so that there are no differences in interpretation and investigation dualism.
Kajian Tertib Administrasi Pertanahan Tanah Kasultanan dan Tanah Kadipaten Setelah Berlakunya Perdais Yogyakarta
Authors: Wirawan Vani
Published: December 2019

The writing of this law aims to review and analyze the orderly administration of land to the Sultanate Land (SG) and the Duchy Land (PAG) after the enactment of the Yogyakarta Special Region Law, and the current pattern of management and utilization of the Sultanate and Duchy Land based on regional land policies in the context of creating welfare Public. The legal research writing method used is normative legal research using the law approach and sociological approach. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: First, that the results have occurred TSM Land Administration in Discipline and sustainability is seen from the number of Sultan Ground (SG) and Pakualaman Ground (PAG) that have been issued as many as 3,766 certificates from a total of 13,944 fields spread throughout the DIY Region. Second, the current pattern of management and utilization of the Sultanate of Land (SG) in DIY is legally formally managed by Panitikismo as a manifestation of the container / body that deals with, manages, and utilizes SG Ngayogyakarta Sultanate, based on Law Number 3 of 1950 concerning the Establishment of DIY and emphasized by DIY Perdais Number 1 of 2017 concerning Management and Utilization of Sultanate Land and Duchy Land. For the Duchy Land (PAG) management, control and utilization must obtain permission from the Pakualaman Duchy.
The Implementation of School Based Management: School Committee Involvement in Islamic Schools
Authors: FATAYAN Arum , HANAFI İvan , SARI Eliana , GHANI Abd. Rahman A
Published: December 2019

Education management functions are not much different from general management functions. Islamic school themselves present in the world of education in Indonesia are motivated by the desire of the people to apply equally between the science of religion and general science. The progress of Islamic junior high schools in Indonesia is inseparable from committee involvement in the implementation of School-Based Management. The school community itself is from internal Islamic School, namely educators and education staff as well as the Islamic school community from external, namely the school committee consisting of parents of students and also local residents.
Avaliação dos professores e as implicações no seu desenvolvimento profissional
Authors: Macedo Mário Rui , Paixão Fátima , Tomaz Carlota Fernandes
Published: December 2019

A avaliação que é feita no âmbito do processo de desenvolvimento profissional (DP) do professor é um dos principais desafios para o sistema educativo. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática, pretende-se analisar e identificar fatores inerentes ao processo de avaliação dos professores e que influenciam o seu desenvolvimento profissional (DP), assim como analisar as potencialidades da avaliação no DP. A partir destes objetivos foram definidas as palavras-chave que orientaram a pesquisa feita em diferentes bases de dados eletrónicas selecionadas (entre o período de 2009-2019). Foram selecionados 10 estudos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão/exclusão previamente definidos para este estudo.

Os resultados desta revisão sistemática evidenciam que a avaliação potencia o DP. É ela (avaliação) que norteia o processo de DP, não só através da autoformação do próprio professor, mas também pelo olhar atento sobre as componentes científico-pedagógicas do professor, relacionando estes aspetos com fatores como a motivação, as lideranças e as relações profissionais.
Editorial
Authors: Sanchez Andrew
Published: December 2019

This special issue of the Cambridge Journal of Anthropology, entitled ‘Envy and Greed: Ugly Emotions and the Politics of Accusation’, is guest edited by Geoffrey Hughes, Megnaa Mehtta, Chiara Bresciani and Stuart Strange.
Review Essay
Authors: Joniak-Lüthi Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

Hannah Appel, Nikhil Anand and Akhil Gupta (eds), The Promise of Infrastructure. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 264, 2018.

Ignaz Strebel, Alain Bovet and Philippe Sormani (eds), Repair Work Ethnographies: Revisiting Breakdown, Relocating Materiality. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 351, 2019.

Kregg Hetherington (ed.), Infrastructure, Environment, and Life in the Anthropocene. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 312, 2019.
Democracy Needs Rebellion
Authors: Pausch Markus
Published: December 2019

Democracy has come under pressure in many countries in recent years. Authoritarian tendencies, populism and the cult of leadership threaten pluralistic societies in Europe and other parts of the world. But democracy is more than just a method of finding a majority; it is inextricably linked to the fight against oppression and injustice in all contexts of life. Especially in times of democratic crisis, it is necessary to focus on its core aspects. The political thinking of French philosopher and writer Albert Camus, who died in 1960, offers the basis for a redefinition of democracy that is linked to and dependent on rebellion. From his reflections, a radical theory of democracy can be derived that is based on the absurdity of the world, its incompleteness, revolt and resistance to authoritarianism, on doubt, dialogue and foreignness.
Melatonin inhibits peroxide production in plant mitochondria
Authors: Butsanets P. A. , Baik A. S. , Shugaev A. G. , Kuznetsov Vl. V.
Published: December 2019

The effect of melatonin on respiration and production (release) of hydrogen peroxide during succinate oxidation in mitochondria isolated from lupine cotyledons and epicotyls of pea seedlings was studied. It has been shown for the first time that melatonin (10-7-10-3 M) had a significant inhibitory effect on the production of peroxide by plant mitochondria, which was characterized by concentration dependence and species specificity. At the same time, melatonin (at a concentration of up to 100 microns) had virtually no effect on mitochondrial respiration rate and respiratory control coefficient. The results confirm the antioxidant function of melatonin and indicate that it is involved in the regulation of ROS levels and maintenance of redox balance in plant mitochondria.
The mating ritual and patterns of monopolar electrical pulses in Hong Kong catfish Clarias fuscus (Clariidae, Siluriformes)
Authors: Olshanskiy V. M.
Published: December 2019

Laboratory experiments were performed to compare the electrical activity and behavior in Clarias fuscus during spawning. Each of the multiple matings of the male and female was preceded by an amplexus - a mutual pose in which the male tightly covers the females head and remains in close contact with it until the end of mating. The spawning behavior of C. fuscus was accompanied by monopolar electrical pulses (MP) of two types: single MPs, similar to those observed in other behavioral situations (aggression, hunting) and specific MPs, observed only during spawning bursts of serial MPs (burst MPs), at intervals which are comparable with their duration. Each recorded burst MPs (71) corresponded to one mating, and each recorded single MP (63) corresponded to an attack of one fish on another. In different behavioral situations (matings and attacks), MPs differ significantly in amplitude and duration; and for MPs in bursts, in their degree of asymmetry. It can be assumed that the involvement of MPs in the spawning behavior of C. fuscus is similar to that studied earlier in Clarias macrocephalus, and is a common feature for Clariidae.
A Nutritional Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Lerman Robert H.
Published: December 2019

Poor diet and sedentary lifestyle contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS); addressing both is crucial for its management. A diet featuring the Mediterranean dietary pattern or low glycemic load has been shown to prevent and ameliorate MetS. Plant compounds, including soy protein and phytosterols, have been associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Recently, phytochemicals from hops and acacia were identified as lipogenic, anti-inflammatory compounds that reduced serum insulin and glucose levels in animals. A 12-week, randomized lifestyle intervention study in overweight and obese women with LDL ≥3.37 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) compared a Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet and soy/phytosterol-based medical food to an AHA low-fat diet. The modified Mediterranean diet with medical food was superior in reducing markers of MetS and CVD risk. A subsequent, randomized 12-week study in men and women with MetS and LDL ≥3.37 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) showed that supplementation with soy/phytosterol-based medical food plus phytochemicals enhanced the benefits of a Mediterranean-style low-glycemic-load diet and aerobic exercise. At the completion of the study, 43% of participants receiving medical food and phytochemicals exhibited net resolution of MetS compared with only 22% of those on diet and exercise alone. A subanalysis of participants at high risk (MetS + LDL ≥4.14 mmol/L [160 mg/dL]) indicated minimal benefit from lifestyle change alone but marked benefits with the addition of medical food and phytochemicals. Case studies illustrate long-term benefits of this supplemented lifestyle change program. In conclusion, institution of a phytochemical-enhanced lifestyle intervention promises to be a clinically useful approach in MetS management.
Metabolic Syndrome: The Complex Relationship of Diet to Conditions of Disturbed Metabolism
Authors: Bland Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2019

The widespread prevalence and deleterious effects of metabolic syndrome have become a major public health challenge as it is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification focusing on diet has shown promise for managing cardiovascular disease risk, and clinical studies provide evidence that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with phytochemicals is a successful interventional approach. The role of phytochemicals in regulating gene expression and modulating intracellular kinase activity has only recently begun to be appreciated. Clinical studies investigating the effects of specific phytochemicals in metabolic syndrome patients have produced encouraging results, including normalization of metabolic function, reduction of cardiovascular risk, and resolution of metabolic syndrome. As research advances our understanding of the evolutionary relationships between plants and humans, details are emerging about the mechanisms by which phytochemicals regulate insulin signaling and inflammatory responses. This expanding field of research is likely to lead to novel, effective clinical approaches for combating chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome among obese patients attending the medical clinics of the three teaching hospitals at Sana’s City, Yemen
Authors: Bamashmoos Mohammed A. , Al Serouri Abdul W.
Published: December 2019

Background: Yemen faces major challenges in improving the health status of its population as it is entering an epidemiological transition with rising non-communicable diseases e.g. obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We designed this study to find out the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its components among obese Yemeni patients. Methods: All obese (waist circumference >102 cm (40 inch) in male and >88 cm (35 inch) in female) attending the outpatients medical clinics at the three teaching hospitals in Sana'a city, were examined and their blood pressure (BP), fasting samples of plasma glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were measured. The prevalence of MS obtained based on the Adult Treatment Panel III and presence of at least 3 of the following: systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg or on treatment for high BP, fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dl or on diabetes treatment, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women. Results: 200 obese were identified during study period with an overall MS prevalence of 46%. The metabolic co-morbidities were raised BP (68%), high triglycerides (66%), reduced high density lipoprotein (64%), and raised fasting blood glucose (40%).Conclusion: Prevalence of MS is high among obese Yemeni patients and high BP was the commonest co-morbidity. These findings highlight an urgent need to develop strategies for prevention, detection, and treatment of MS that could contribute to decreasing the rising incidence of CVD and diabetes. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, Yemen.
Functional food availability, a limitation to peoples’ health on Islands
Authors: Kramadhati Rameshwar , Dinh Tuyetha , Mekamkwe Judith , Ndungu Patrick , Nguyen Erick
Published: December 2019

Background: All foods are imported to markets in smaller islands in the Caribbean. Before export of foods to these destinations, the foods are subjected to several preservative procedures like irradiation, pesticide spray and prolonged refrigeration etc., to last the extended transport periods. This reduces availability of protective elements and the nutrient contents of the foods to scanty levels, especially to common people with low and middle incomes. Hence the majority of people in these categories on the small islands become vulnerable to ill health.Aims and Objectives: To assess 1. Food availability 2. Normal transport period for foods to reach from the suppliers, and 3. Current level of prevalence of non-infective chronic diseases in the area. Methods: Data were collected from two sources. One set of data was collected from the three supermarkets on the island to obtain information on source, transport time and nature of foods imported; and the second from 200 randomly selected responses of diseased persons for information on the age, gender and cause of death. Results: All the foods were imported and the time taken for the food (including protective foods) to reach the island was about 3 weeks. The major causes of death were malignancy (30%), diabetes and its complications (25%), cardio vascular diseases (19.5%), STD / HIV (8.5%) and other causes (17.0%). A review of prevalence of chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, arthritis and associated functional limitations, in the region reveals that their prevalence is proportionately high on the island compared to nearby developed mainland regions. Body mass index of ≥25 was reported to be as high as 58.3%. The health care facilities available are seen to be limited and public health activity to prevent or manage the prevailing chronic health issues, appeared to be meager. Conclusion: There is a need to address the problem through public health actions to lower the incidence of the chronic degenerative diseases in the area: 1. Educate the community about the ways to improve their nutrition and life styles, 2. Make available health and nutrition promoting foods to all the people living in the islands, 3. Strengthen health services to tackle chronic degenerative diseases in the region.Key Words: Foods, Nutrition, Chronic diseases, Mortality, Protective foods, Functional foods
The Effects of Intravenous Vitamin C Administration on hs-CRP and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Khosroshahi Hamid Taiebi , Talebi Yashar , Ahmadzadeh Siamak , Habibzadeh Afshin , Mousavi Seyyed Ehsan , Khalilzadeh Mohammadreza
Published: December 2019

Background: It has been proved that pre-inflammatory factors increase mortality and morbidity of cardio-vascular diseases especially in hemodialysis patients. There is a great evidence for the increase of pre-inflammatory factors and vitamin C deficiency in dialysis patients. Limited data, however, are available regarding the effects of vitamin C supplementation on reduction of inflammatory markers in such patients.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the changes of hs-CRP and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) levels after administration of vitamin C in End Stage Renal Disease patients (ESRD) on Hemodialysis Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, vitamin C was administered intravenously (IV), (500 mg two times per week) for 2 months in 41 chronic hemodialysis patients and the hs-CRP and TNF-α levels of these patients were compared with a control group with no vitamin C as treatment. Besides hs-CRP and TNF-α, detailed laboratory results were evaluated before and after the study. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 at the end of the study. Results: The hs-CRP and TNF-α levels reduced significantly in hemodialysis patients after vitamin C supplementation (hs-CRP decreased from 7.27±3.70 to 6.60± 3.75, P< 0.001 and TNF-α decreased from 25.61±12.28 to 22.82±22.83, P= 0.006), whereas the levels of these pro-inflammatory factors increased in hemodialysis patients without vitamin C supplementation (hs-CRP increased from 7.13±3.56 to 7.73±3.83, P= 0.049 and TNF-α increased from 21.32±5.64 to 23.63±15.59, P= 0.353). Vitamin C supplementation also reduced ESR level and increased Hb level significantly but it had no influence on lipid profile.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it seems that vitamin C administration can reduce hs-CRP and TNF-α level in hemodialysis patients and as a result prevent atherosclerosis. It can be concluded that administration of vitamin C supplementation is beneficial in hemodialysis patients.Key words: hemodialysis, hs-CRP, TNF-α, Vitamin C
Nutrigenomics of Neuradaptogen Amino-Acid-Therapy and Neurometabolic Optimizers: Overcoming carbohydrate bingeing and overeating through neurometabolic mechanisms
Authors: Blum Kenneth , Bagchi Debasis , Bowirrat Abdalla , Downs B. William , Waite Roger L. , Giordano John , Morse Siohban , Madigan Margaret , Downs Jaclyn M. , Braverman Eric R. , Polanin Margaret , Barh Debmayla , Fornari Frank , Simpatico Thomas
Published: December 2019

Despite progress that has been made in the treatment of obesity, the epidemic continues to rise worldwide. While pharmacological treatment of obesity may be effective, medications may have significant side effects and can be potentially fatal. This review will provide significant evidence to substantiate the existence of Reward Deficiency Syndrome in Obesity and the role of catecholaminergic pathways in aberrant substance seeking behavior, in particular cravings for carbohydrates. The genetic basis for generalized craving behavior will be established. Evidence to support the augmentation of precursor amino acid therapy and enkephalinase, MOA and COMT inhibition leading to enhanced levels of neurotransmitters: serotonin, enkephalins, GABA and dopamine/norepinephrine as well increasing insulin sensitivity (affecting dopamine neuronal synthesis regulation) through the use of certain neurometabolic optimizers will also be provided. This review article cites many published studies to support a conceptual paradigm shift towards the use of this proposed nutrigenomic formula. The analysis and research preceding this formulation is outlined. This formulation has a generalized anti-craving effect and can inhibit carbohydrate bingeing, inducing significant healthy fat loss and prevention of relapse. This is the first time that components of this formula have been combined, at the dosage levels indicated with the goal of promoting successful and sustainable body recomposition. We are encouraging other laboratories to further evaluate Neuroadtagen Amino-Acid Therapy (NAAT)/Nurometabolic optimizers as a putative anti-obesity complex in larger controlled blinded studies and await interpretation of must these needed studies. Keywords: NAAT, Dopamine, Genes, Polymorphisms, Obesity, Craving Behavior, Overeating, Reward Deficiency Syndome, Nutrigenomics.
Characterization and specificity of probiotics to prevent salmonella infection in mice
Authors: Andino Ana , Zhang Nan , Diaz-Sanchez Sandra , Yard Carrie , Pendleton Sean , Hanning Irene
Published: December 2019

Background: Probiotic strains of bacteria can prevent Salmonella from causing disease by preventing the pathogen from colonizing the intestines. Two strains of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilius and Pediococcus spp, that were obtained from poultry fecal samples have been shown to be efficacious in poultry. The objective of this study was to determine if these strains of probiotics could prevent salmonellosis in a mouse model.Methods: First, both strains of probiotics were evaluated for in vitro efficacy to inhibit the growth of and interfere with virulence gene regulation in Salmonella enterica. For in vivo efficacy, mice was used which models Typhoid illness. Mice were divided into 2 groups: Control and treatment, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus (LP; 108 Log CFU). Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the mice were treated with LP in water for the first two days of the experiment and challenged with Salmonella at day three. In the second experiment, the LP treatment was given in the water for 10 days and challenge was performed on day 11. In both experiments, at day 20 post-challenge, all mice were sacrificed, intestinal tracts and organs removed and cultured for Salmonella. Results: The probiotic strains inhibited the growth of Salmonella and down-regulation of virulence genes was noted, but dependent on the strain of Salmonella being evaluated. For the in vivo experiment, the probiotics did not afford the mice protection from infection and increasing the length of time the probiotics were administered did not improve the efficacy of the probiotics.Conclusions: It appears that these strains of probiotic bacteria are effective against Salmonella in vitro. However, these isolates did not afford protection from Salmonella infection to mice which may be due to host specifity as these isolates were obtained from poultry.Keywords: Salmonella, Probiotic, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Mice
Anti-atherosclerotic effects of konjac
Authors: Yanai Hidekatsu , Adachi Hiroki , Katsuyama Hisayuki , Hamasaki Hidetaka , Sako Akahito
Published: December 2019

Definition: The Konjac plant comes from the genus Amorphophallus. Japanese food uses Konjac cake. Konjac contains almost no calories and a great amount of dietary fiber. Here, we reviewed possible anti-atherosclerotic effects of konjac, using the search Pubmed ®. Konjac ingestion is likely beneficially associated with obesity, blood pressure, lipid and glucose metabolism. However, evidence is lacking on the relationship between konjac ingestion and development of atherosclerotic diseases. To more fully understand the anti-atherosclerotic effects of konjac, future studies, preferably with larger numbers of subjects, will be performed.Keywords: atherosclerosis, body weight, glucose, konjac mannan, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
A NOTE ON ASYMPTOTIC PROBABILITIES OF EXISTENTIAL SECOND-ORDER MINIMAL CLASSES – THE LAST STEP
Authors: Tendera Lidia
Published: December 2019

The Σ11(∀∃∀) class is the class of all existential second-order sentences whose first-order part is in the prenex form with prefix of the form ∀∃∀. In this paper we prove that every rational number in the interval [0,1] is the asymptotic probability for some Σ11(∀∃∀) sentence. This result completes the classification of asymptotic probabilities for the existential second-order minimal classes.
TOP-DOWN PARSING WITH SIMULTANEOUS EVALUATION OF NONCIRCULAR ATTRIBUTE GRAMMARS
Authors: Noll Thomas , Vogler Heiko
Published: December 2019

This paper introduces a machinery called attributed top–down parsing automaton which performs top-down parsing of strings and, simultaneously, the evaluation of arbitrary noncircular attribute grammars. The strategy of the machinery is based on a single depth–first left–to–right traversal over the syntax tree. There is no need to traverse parts of the syntax tree more than once, and hence, the syntax tree itself does not have to be maintained. Attribute values are stored in a graph component, and values of attributes which are needed but not yet computed are represented by particular nodes. Values of attributes which refer to such uncomputed attributes are represented by trees over operation symbols in which pointers to the particular nodes at their leaves are maintained. Whenever eventually the needed attribute value is computed, it is glued into the graph at the appropriate nodes.
ON SKOLEMIZATION AND PROOF COMPLEXITY
Authors: Baaz Matthias , Leitsch Alexander
Published: December 2019

The impact of Skolemization on the complexity of proofs in the sequent calculus is investigated. It is shown that prefix Skolemization may result in a nonelementary increase of Herbrand complexity (i. e. the minimal number of constituents in a Herbrand disjunction) versus structural Skolemization. Moreover it is shown that restricting the range of quantifiers never increases Herbrand complexity. The results provide a general mathematical justification for minimizing the range of quantifiers (by means of shifting) before Skolemization of formulas.
Minimal-Maximal Time Cause-Effect Structures
Authors: Czaja Ludwik
Published: December 2019

It is shown that minimal-time singly-valued (counterparts of 1-safe Petri nets) cause-effect (c-e) structures are of the same expressive power as no-time singly-valued c-e structures, while maximal-time multi-valued c-e structures are of essentially greater expressive power than no-time multi-valued c-e structures.
CR-Structures
Authors: Schmitt Vincent
Published: December 2019

In this paper CR-structures are introduced. They consist of a slight generalization of general event structures [16], and supply a representation theorem for concurrency domains, – which are called here CR-domains for short. We recall that the latter domains are exactly the unfoldings of concurrent automata [7],[3]. This result also generalizes Droste's characterization of domains of configurations of general event structures [6].
On Average Time Complexity of Decision Trees and Branching Programs
Authors: Chikalov Igor
Published: December 2019

This paper contains some results concerning the properties of decision trees with minimal average depth. The sufficient conditions, which allows for performing a decomposition of problem are given. The class of all information systems, which have linear upper bounds on minimal average weighted depth depending only on entropy, is described. The exponential lower bounds on the number of vertices in branching programs with minimal average weighted depth for some problems are obtained.
Analysis of Components for Generalization using Multidimensional	Scaling
Authors: Damaševičius Robertas
Published: December 2019

To achieve better software quality, to shorten software development time and to lower development costs, software engineers are adopting generative reuse as a software design process. The usage of generic components allows increasing reuse and design productivity in software engineering. Generic component design requires systematic domain analysis to identify similar components as candidates for generalization. However, component feature analysis and identification of components for generalization usually is done ad hoc. In this paper, we propose to apply a data visualization method, called Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), to analyze software components in the multidimensional feature space. Multidimensional data that represent syntactical and semantic features of source code components are mapped to 2D space. The results of MDS are used to partition an initial set of components into groups of similar source code components that can be further used as candidates for generalization. STRESS value is used to estimate the generalizability of a given set of components. Case studies for Java Buffer and Geom class libraries are presented.
A Further Improved Online/Offline Signature Scheme
Authors: Gao Chong-zhi , Yao Zheng-an
Published: December 2019

Online/offline signatures are used in a particular scenario where the signer must respond quickly once the message to be signed is presented. In this paper, we present a general method to efficiently convert a trapdoor hash family into an online/offline signature scheme without resorting to any additional signature scheme. We prove that the new scheme is secure in the randomoraclemodel if the underlying trapdoor hash family is collision resistant. Compared to Shamir and Tauman's paradigm, there is an almost 50% reduction in overall computational cost by using the new scheme.
Adjective Sense Disambiguation at the Border Between Unsupervised	and Knowledge-Based Techniques
Authors: Hristea Florentina , Popescu Marius
Published: December 2019

The present paper extends a new word sense disambiguation method [9] to the case of adjectives. The method lies at the border between unsupervised and knowledge-based techniques. It performs unsupervised word sense disambiguation based on an underlying Naïve Bayes model, while using WordNet as knowledge source for feature selection. The proposed extension of the disambiguation method makes ample use of the WordNet semantic relations that are typical of adjectives. Its performance is compared to that of previous approaches that rely on completely different feature sets. Test results show that feature selection using a knowledge source of type WordNet is more effective in the disambiguation of adjective senses than local type features (like part-of-speech tags) are.
Simple Random Access Compression
Authors: Fredriksson Kimmo , Nikitin Fedor
Published: December 2019

Given a sequence S of n symbols over some alphabet Σ of size σ, we develop new compression methods that are (i) very simple to implement; (ii) provide O(1) time random access to any symbol (or short substring) of the original sequence. Our simplest solution uses at most 2h+o(h) bits of space, where h = n(H $_{0}$ (S)+1), and H $_{0}$ (S) is the zeroth-order empirical entropy of S. We discuss a number of improvements and trade-offs over the basic method. For example, we can achieve n(H $_{k}$ (S)+1)+o(n(H $_{k}$ (S)+1)) bits of space, for k = o(log $_{σ}$ (n)). Several applications are discussed, including text compression, (compressed) full-text indexing and string matching.