bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rankings in the higher education competitiveness management system
Authors: Antoniuk Larysa , Kalenyuk Iryna , Tsyrkun Olena , Sandul Mariia
Published: December 2019

The modern approaches towards higher education systems management often tend to focus on separate universities’ performance, lacking the systemic view of the overall higher education systems’ competitiveness. Thus, the policymakers often fail in tailoring the higher education strategies to the mission of higher education in contemporary society. The article focuses on providing a systemic insight into the global competitive positioning of the national higher education systems. Based on the suggested ranking methodology, the authors perform the evaluation and ranking of 94 higher education systems, highlighting the limitations of this method, and the cluster analysis, identifying 3 types of their competitive positioning: leaders, followers, and underperformers. Based on Pearson coefficients of skewness and kurtosis calculation, the article shows that globally the inequalities in terms of higher education enrolment rate are decreasing, while those of R&D institutions quality and university-industry collaboration in research remain unchanged. Therefore, upgrading higher education quality assurance systems becomes the main strategic priority for the developing countries in terms of ensuring their higher education systems’ competitiveness. Given the levelling of higher education attainment and its quality worldwide, the authors anticipate further specialization of the universities and broadening of their role within the national innovation system. The article shows that the more comprehensive the approach for evaluating the higher education systems performance – the better the policymakers may benefit in terms of higher education strategic management.
Análise compreensiva de variáveis que podem influenciar a captação de capital de risco pelas startups
Authors: Klein Marcos , Theis Vanessa , Schreiber Dusan
Published: December 2019

Diante do contexto atual acerca de negócios inovadores, as startups, empresas escaláveis e de grande aceleração de crescimento, ganham força no mercado empreendedor, gerando interesse por parte dos investidores de risco e de outras fontes de investimentos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral identificar se há investimentos de capital de risco recebidos por startups incubadas em parques tecnológicos de universidades da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e Vale dos Sinos, ambas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para obter estas informações, realizou-se estudo teórico sobre startup,do conceito de ideia até a execução final, bem como sobre as fontes de captação financeira que existem no mercado brasileiro de investimentos. No que se refere à metodologia, o estudo se caracteriza como estudo de casos múltiplos, com abordagem qualitativa e pesquisa descritiva exploratória. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se de levantamento documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os empreendedores das startupsestudadas. Participaram da pesquisa seis empresas incubadas nos parques tecnológicos, uma na TECNOSINOS, sediada na UNISINOS e cinco na TECNOPUC, localizada na PUCRS. No que tange a análise de dados, utilizou-se se a observação não participante e a análise de conteúdo. Por meio dos dados analisados, constatou-se que fatores como produto e equipe são determinantes para o aporte do capital de risco, pois uma ideia inovadora, aliada a um produto com critérios de qualidade validados pelo cliente, proporcionam maiores chances na captação de recursos para fomentar a empresa.
Pesquisa-ação aplicada na criação de um jogo de tabuleiro para desenvolver as competências dos empreendedores
Authors: Matsuda Patricia Mari
Published: December 2019

Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento de um jogo que estimule a evolução de competências e características empreendedoras em estudantes e empreendedores que tenham vontade de buscar um novo meio de desenvolvimento cognitivo. O jogo foi construído como um tabuleiro físico, ao jogar com um dado, para cada passo há um desafio diferente. Conforme o jogador passa de casa em casa no tabuleiro, o nível de dificuldade aumenta. A metodologia utilizada é de pesquisa exploratória com delineamento de pesquisa-ação. Esse tipo de pesquisa, de acordo com Gil (2002), foi reconhecido como algo extremamente útil, sobretudo por pesquisadores identificados por ideologias “reformistas” e “participativas”. Diferente das demais metodologias, ele se destaca pelo seu modo de ação que envolve o empreendedor e os diferentes grupos interessados. Com a parceira da empresa Empreendi na Rede e do Centro Universitário FEI, esta proposta de pesquisa foi desenvolvida por alunos e professores. Esta pesquisa se relaciona com as disciplinas que estudam métodos inovadores de gestão, competitividade e teorias inovadoras na Administração. Praticando as teorias apresentadas em aula, vivenciadas por meio da pesquisa-ação, desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta para empreendedores por meio de jogos lúdicos. Esta pesquisa traz inovações por desenvolver um jogo no formato de tabuleiro com o símbolo do infinito e peças em vez de cartas. A associação de cores e a representação das peças foram extremamente importantes para a construção deste estudo que possui em sua essência a inovação. Podendo continuar em uma nova linha de pesquisa com novas adaptações ao jogo e inserção no meio virtual.
Planejamento Tributário: um estudo de caso em um minimercado na cidade de Ouro Velho ? PB quanto às alterações na Lei Complementar nº 123/2006 a partir de 2018 no Simples Nacional.
Authors: Bezerra Dias Júlio César , Gomes Barreto Ismael
Published: December 2019

A principal característica do Simples Nacional é a de ser um regime tributário diferenciado, pois o mesmo apresenta diversas particularidades, dentre as quais: nas suas faixas de faturamento, a distribuição dos tributos no pagamento da guia de recolhimento do DAS, bem como o seu cálculo para apuração do imposto que pode variar de acordo com ramo de atividades de uma determinada empresa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral investigar se a empresa em estudo foi beneficiada com as mudanças da lei atualmente em vigor e como objetivos específicos: verificar a situação tributária da empresa da lei complementar nº 123/2006, simular, com base no extrato PGDAS a situação tributária para o ano de 2018 e por fim fazer uma análise comparativa para estes dois períodos. O estudo foi realizado num minimercado localizado no município de Ouro Velho ? PB, através de uma pesquisa documental de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Com os cálculos e as análises efetuados, percebe-se que as oscilações na maioria dos meses, tanto monetária quanto percentual, foram crescentes, principalmente no mês de dezembro com uma variação monetária de R$ 101,76 e variação percentual de 21,91%. Uma exceção ocorreu no mês de fevereiro com uma queda percentual de 9,95%. Diante da execução destes objetivos concluiu-se que empresa não conseguiu benefícios tributários com as alterações nesta lei complementar.
De la minería informal al turismo sostenible: El caso de Canchaque, Piura (Perú)
Authors: León Palomino Belia Luz , Díaz Becerra Oscar Alfredo , Rodríguez Lichtenheldt José Raúl
Published: December 2019

La actividad minera informal ocasiona impactos negativos en el medio ambiente y en las poblaciones vinculadas, por lo que se requiere implementar medidas para su formalización o erradicación. Tal es el caso de la ciudad de Canchaque, en Piura, Perú, la cual cuenta con importantes atractivos turísticos que la convierten en un importante destino para atraer turistas, a pesar del desarrollo incipiente de esta actividad en la zona y la débil formación de Mypes que operan en la ciudad, y que es una alternativa para reemplazar la minería informal. El  estudio tiene como objetivos identificar las variables que influyen en la gestión de las Mypes de Canchaque y sus requerimientos para contribuir con el desarrollo del turismo sostenible en beneficio de la población. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo-transversal, con aplicación de un muestreo no probabilístico-discrecional sobre las 40 Mypes que desarrollan sus actividades en Canchaque, y entrevistas a los encargados de la gestión. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de capacitación en aspectos de gestión para desarrollar las Mypes orientadas al turismo sostenible y un alto interés por mejorar la calidad de los servicios turísticos en la zona. En consecuencia, se evidencian que se requiere implementar un modelo de gestión para las Mypes de la zona y una estrategia de capacitación continua para las personas que se encuentran a cargo de la gestión de las mismas, aprovechando las acciones del gobierno al incluir a Canchaque en la Agenda para el Desarrollo e Innovación de Productos Turísticos.
Shock waves dynamics and evolution of vortex formation during the interaction of spherical air pulse with aqueous foam layer
Authors: Gainullina E.F.
Published: December 2019

The numerical study of the powerful air spherical shock-wave pulse interaction with the protective aqueous foam barrier with the initial liquid volume fraction of 0.2 is carried out. The foam layer thickness is selected to satisfy the condition of the non-reflection of compression wave from the foam external boundary at the considered time intervals. In studying the wave flows dynamics, we used the assumption of the foam structure destruction into the microdrops suspension behind the strong shock wave front. The two-phase medium is described on the basis of the gas-droplet mixture model, which includes the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy for each phase in accordance with the single-pressure, two-speed, two-temperature approximations in a two-dimensional axisymmetric formulation. The Schiller–Naumann model is used for taking into account the interfacial drag forces. The contact heat transfer influence at the interface between the phases is taken into account by the Ranz–Marshall model. To describe the properties of air and water, the Peng–Robinson and perfect fluid equations of state are used. The numerical implementation of the model is carried out using the OpenFOAM open-source software with the two-step PIMPLE algorithm. The numerical study results are presented as spatial distributions of pressure fields, velocities and streamlines. The significant attenuation of the spherical shock wave intensity during its interaction with the aqueous foam layer has been established. The causes and dynamics of the toroidal vortices series formation in the gas region behind the shock front are investigated. The results reliability is confirmed by comparison with the solutions of the similar problem, found by another numerical method.
Investigation of the influence of boundary conditions in the numerical solution of a vortex tube model
Authors: Minibaev M.R. , Mikhaylenko C.I.
Published: December 2019

The applicability of various boundary conditions in the computational simulation of a Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube is investigated. A review of existing works on the effect of geometry and various thermodynamic parameters on the efficiency of the pipe is made. The substantiation of the possibility of introducing additional computational domains when moving the boundaries to study the influence of boundary conditions when modeling gas dynamics problems is given. To simulate the dynamics of a gas in a vortex tube, a mathematical model is written that includes the Navier–Stokes system of equations describing a compressible viscous fluid, which is closed by the equation of state of an ideal gas. Existing methods for calculating turbulent flows are considered. The applicability of various semi-empirical models of turbulence for modeling a vortex tube is described. The possibility of using the selected k−ε model and its description is argued. The boundary conditions characteristic of the vortex tube model are described, and the boundary conditions most combined in the simulation of gas dynamics problems are also shown. Presents a grid that takes into account the area formed by the removal of boundaries. The solution is based on the sonicFoam algorithm in the OpenFOAM package. Utilities of the postprocessor are used when preparing the model for calculations on a high-performance cluster and utilities for averaging the obtained physical quantities. The simulation results for different combinations of boundary conditions and models with remote boundaries are given. Comparison of the results obtained. It is shown that the geometrical dimensions have a strong influence on the operation of the pipe; the correct choice of boundary conditions makes it possible to obtain the values of physical quantities that are closest to the known experimental ones. Moving the boundaries away from direct exits provides an opportunity to more accurately estimate the effects that arise near the real boundaries of the vortex tube, especially affecting the magnitude of the Ranque–Hilsch effect.
Elements of the theory of forced mixing of oils in tanks
Authors: Shagapov V.Sh. , Galiakbarova E.V.
Published: December 2019

To prepare for transportation at the fields, light and heavy oils are mixed with the help of jet mixers, which are injection devices that are installed in the receiving and distributing nozzle inside the tank. The work considers the simplest technological mixing scheme. The basic equations are presented that describe the processes of mixing light and heavy oils in a mixer, in which the light oil stream is the working stream, and the source stream in the heavy oil tank is the injected stream. The characteristic equation of the mixer is obtained. A system of equations is presented that describes the trajectory of the center line of the jet, changes in oil composition and average velocity along the jet. An example of a mixer, which is used in practice in a reservoir of the PBC 2000 type, is considered. Based on the characteristic equation for the known pressure drop of the working and injected flows, as well as the ratio of the sections of the working nozzle and the output section of the mixing chamber, the mixer injection coefficient is found. The calculated graphs of the characteristics of a turbulent flooded jet in an oil field oil storage tank are presented. From the graphs it follows: 1) there is a complete alignment of the concentration of the injected oil mixture with the concentration of heavy oil in the tank; 2) the speed of the jet decreases at a distance of the order of several meters to a value exceeding the minimum fishing speed known from the practice of liquidating bottom sediments. The main role of the mixer when mixing oils is that due to the injection of heavy oil from the reservoir, forced circulation flows are formed that exclude the formation of stagnant zones and the precipitation of solid inactive deposits.
Mathematical model of multiphase flow propagation for the case of underwater pipeline damage
Authors: Kildibaeva S.R. , Dalinskij E.T. , Kildibaeva G.R.
Published: December 2019

The paper deals with the case of damage to the underwater pipeline through which oil and associated gas are transported. The process of oil and gas migration is described by the flow of a multiphase submerged jet. At the initial moment, the temperature of the incoming hydrocarbons, their initial velocity, the temperature of the surrounding water, the depth of the pipeline is known. The paper considers two cases of different initial parameters of hydrocarbon outflow from the pipeline. In the first case, the thermobaric environmental conditions correspond to the conditions of hydrate formation and stable existence. Such a case corresponds to the conditions of the hydrocarbons flow in the Gulf of Mexico. In the second case, hydrate is not formed. Such flows correspond to the cases of oil transportation through pipelines in the Baltic sea (for example, Nord stream–2). The process of hydrate formation will be characterized by the following dynamics of the bubble: first, it will be completely gas, then a hydrate shell (composite bubble) will begin to form on its surface, then the bubble will become completely hydrate, which will be the final stage. The integral Lagrangian control volume method will be considered for modeling the dynamics of hydrocarbon jet propagation. According to this method, the jet is considered as a sequence of elementary volumes. When modeling the jet flow, the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy for the components included in the control volume are taken into account. The equations are used taking into account the possible formation of hydrate. Thermophysical characteristics of hydrocarbons coming from the damaged pipeline for cases of deep-water and shallow-water pipeline laying are obtained. The trajectories of hydrocarbon migration, the dependence of the jet temperature and density on the vertical coordinate are analyzed.
Performative education: is sociology required outside the humanities?
Authors: Beschasnaya Albina A. , Beschasnyi Andrei A.
Published: December 2019

This article analyzes the importance of sociological education in the professional training of specialists outside the humanities from the point of view of “performative education”. The “performativity” of education is understood as the production of knowledge and educational activity and it becomes meaningful only in the situation of their demand and efficiency (J.-F. Liotard). The сurrent trends in the formation of the curricula of higher educational institutions by academic disciplines of a “performative” nature have been expressed in reducing the hours of general humanities, among which the sociology teaching has been minimized or completely eliminated. The material for the empirical stage of the research was the organizational and methodological documentation accompanying the educational process in a number of Russian universities. The authors performed a content analysis of the curriculum of higher education. The following methods of collecting information were used: analytical-synthetic, induction and deduction, content and comparative analyzes. The performativity of sociological knowledge and the study of sociology at the individual level is expressed in several aspects: 1) in the formation of the self-consciousness of the individual and the development of a professional integrated into social relations; 2) in the development of graduates’ ability to analyze and forecast social transformations; 3) in maintaining the value basis and civil law culture in society. The practical significance of the findings is expressed in strengthening the position of sociology as a science and academic discipline in the simulation of educational programs for professional training of university students.
Mapping the future of offshore wind farming
Authors: Song Gwo-Shyh
Published: December 2019

Offshore wind farming is a growing presence in the renewable energy landscape but these ambitious projects rely on precise assessments of the hard to observe underwater landscape they will occupy before construction can even begin.
Many governments around the world are moving
toward renewable energy sources to meet their countries energy demands. The reasons behind this are many, ranging from reducing emissions to the safety of nuclear reactors and waste. For countries lying on or near fault lines, such as Taiwan, the latter becomes an even greater concern. When
the earth shakes nuclear power plants, in particular, are highly sensitive and susceptible pieces of infrastructure. To avoid potential catastrophe and achieve greener energy sources the current government in Taiwan is aiming to phase out nuclear power in the coming years and they have chosen
wind power as the technology to replace a large portion of the energy supply.
 In Taiwan the plan to phase of nuclear power and replace it with wind power has one extra challenge. The plan is not to build on land, like the majority of wind turbine projects, but rather to head out
to sea. Offshore wind farms (OWF) are becoming a larger part of the wind power market and European countries have mostly been the early adopters. The waters off Taiwan, in the Taiwan Strait, are attractive for offshore wind farming development due to the favourable wind patterns that occur
there. This has drawn major interest from European companies and others around the world to place bids on the growing number of wind farming projects. However, before any of these projects can take place an extensive effort to understand more about the environments below the surface must first
be completed.
Fortunately for those individuals who are curious as to the make-up and appearance of the ocean floor, such as engineers who plan to construct permanent structures in the depths, many techniques to map the seabed have been developed. Dr Gwo-Shyh Song, from The Institute
of Oceanography at The National Taiwan University, in Taipei, is one local researcher who is very familiar with these methods. "I have been working on seafloor mapping around the Taiwan Island for last 20 years," points out Song. "This includes geophysical surveys, reservoir siltation surveys,
cable and pipeline route surveys using a variety of techniques like multi-beam sounders and side-scan sonar as well as chirp sub-bottom profilers." When the offshore wind farming initiative needed experienced local researchers, he was one of a few people with the prerequisite expertise and
technical skill required. "In 2012, when the OWF project was set into action and promoted by the Taiwanese Government, myself and my graduated students now employed within Global Aqua Survey Ltd started to become involved with many related investigatory projects," he explains.
High-resolution study of fungal enzymes
Authors: Ludwig Roland , Csarman Florian , Wohlschlager Lena , Scheiblbrandner Stefan
Published: December 2019

Current processes for lignocellulose deconstruction are unspecific and produce some constituents in poor quality. Specific biocatalysts could achieve optimal segregation together with minimal damage to cellulose and lignin and provide high-quality feedstocks for industry. Naturally
occurring fungal oxidoreductases perform this task, but their characterisation - and hence their optimisation for industrial application - is difficult because of the experimental challenges. The mission of OXIDISE to develop appropriate methods to characterise lignocellulose degrading oxidoreductases,
i.e. elucidate their conversions rates and to resolve their distribution and interaction in vicinity of their polymeric substrates. High-resolution techniques will be adapted to specifically detect fungal oxidoreductases like lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, laccase,
lignin peroxidase, or members of the GMC oxidoreductase superfamily. These enzymes are all involved in the oxidative attack of recalcitrant biopolymers and are present in over 90% of fungal genomes. To overcome problems of current assaying techniques such as their low spatial and temporal
resolution, OXIDISE will develop and apply techniques based on microelectrodes, scanning electron microscopy, surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopy thereby pursuing three objectives: 1) study the interaction of all major oxidoreductases secreted by fungi in regard to electron
transfer, regeneration of redox species and substrate cascading; 2) resolve the distribution of secreted oxidoreductases on cellulosic and lignocellulosic substrates at high resolution; 3) transfer the developed techniques to natural lignocellulose samples with growing fungal hyphae and study
the secreted oxidoreductase activities. OXIDISE strives to establish new techniques to elucidate the kinetics and interactions of oxidoreductases - a long neglected enzyme class for lignocellulose depolymerisation.
A successful approach to earthquake early warning systems
Authors: Lin Pei-Yang
Published: December 2019

The goal of an earthquake early warning system (EEW) is to identify where and when an earthquake has occurred and then warn those in danger. We think of earthquakes as happening instantaneously but from the detection of the initial event there is time until the effects are noticed.
An early warning of even 6 to 19 seconds could allow sensitive infrastructure like factories or power plants to enact automated precautions, reducing damage and allowing for quicker recovery. Warnings of 30 seconds could prevent 95 per cent of potential mortalities in some large cities. It
is exactly these crucial seconds that Lin is trying to provide. His team's work centres on developing an integrated EEW for Taiwan which, once proven effective, to help bring this system to other countries who live with the threat of seismic activity.
 The EEW developed by Lin works
through detecting the seismic waves that earthquakes produce. When an earthquake strikes the ground shakes, this creates seismic waves that move through the earth. These waves, exactly like a ripple in a pond, move out from the epicentre. The first wave, known as the primary wave is low intensity
and will not affect structures significantly. The secondary wave however arrives a bit later and causes the intense shaking, damage and casualties. "The goal of the system is to deploy onsite Earthquake Early Waring System(EEWS) to detect the seismic waves and provide warning for the neighborhoods,"
explains Lin. The regional detectors and EEWS can be deployed to monitor a whole country.
 For traditional regional EEWS,like Japan,once a wave is detected the information is sent to a central server which determines the epicentre of the quake, the magnitude of the earthquake and
the peak ground acceleration, an important measure of earthquake intensity. "With these measurements the server can then predict where peak ground acceleration will exceed thresholds likely to cause damage and send the alarm," says Lin. The whole process takes only about 15 seconds, which
is extremely valuable time for those further away from the epicentre, but because the wave can move up to 90km within these 15 seconds there is a blind spot of about 90km in the regional Earthquake Early Waring System. Lin points out that a blind spot of this size may be fine for some regions.
"In Japan the epicentre of the typical hazardous earthquake is in the east sea bed about 100km from the shore but for Taiwan the epicentres are typically below a city. Therefore Lin has developed an integrated approach combining the regional EEW with onsite EEW. The onsite EEWS are installed
in cities and monitor local seismic activity. They can predict peak ground acceleration for local area from the primary wave within 1 to 3 seconds and reduce the blind spot to 20 or 30km. Each system has its advantages and disadvantages but integration provides maximum coverage.
Comprehensive Analysis of Pre-Charge Sequence in Automotive Battery Systems
Authors: Ozguc Murat Kubilay , Ipek Eymen , Aras Kadir , Erhan Koray
Published: December 2019

Electric vehicles (EV) have brought promising technologies for future mobility solutions. As one of the key components of EVs, battery systems have fundamental functions which disconnect the battery during parking and in case of failure. To provide a safe system, specialized high voltage (HV) electromechanical switches are used to perform these major functions such as switch on, switch off or pre-charging. Due to these components can be easily damaged, expensive, heavy and bulky, a solution based on pure semiconductors may be desired to accomplish these operations. Many studies were exhibited on EV battery systems regarding developing solid-state systems for HV switchgear. Developing technology on semiconductor devices allows to make a safety concept based on only solidstate components. This study presents a comprehensive analysis off pre-charge sequences between conventional and semiconductor switchgear to be used in electric vehicle battery systems. Spice simulations are presented to investigate advantages and drawbacks of these systems.
GEOMETRY REPRESENTATION TO DEVELOP ALGEBRAIC THINKING: A RECOMMENDATION FOR A PATTERN INVESTIGATION IN PRE-ALGEBRA CLASS
Authors: Apsari Ratih Ayu , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Sariyasa Sariyasa , Abels Mieke , Prayitno Sudi
Published: December 2019

The present study is a part of design research in local instructional theory in a pre-algebraic lesson using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach. The article will focus on recommendations for the type of pre-algebra class that supports elementary school students’ algebraic thinking. As design research study, it followed the three steps of preliminary studies, teaching experiment and retrospective analysis. The subject of the study is 32 fifth grade students of MIN 2 Palembang during the teaching experiment phase.  The data were gathered from students’ worksheets, lesson observation and interviews with the students. Data analysis was done using a constant comparative qualitative method. The results from the study indicate that pattern investigation in pre-algebra class that visualized geometrically supports the students to identify the form of the pattern and construct generalization.
Medieval ceramics made on a potter’s wheel of Murzaly in the Eastern Aral Sea region
Authors: Barinova Elena B.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the study of glazed and non-glazed medieval ceramics made on a potter’s wheel, the settlement of Murzaly in the territory of the Eastern Aral sea region. The features of its manufacturing technology, forms, ornamentation are highlighted, a comparative typology is carried out. The easel ceramics of the Murzaly settlement were made on a fast-spinning foot wheel and have pottery roasting. It is represented by ornamented and non-ornamented homas, pots, wide-necked and narrow-necked pots, jugs, bowls, dishes, bowls, mugs, lamps, etc. The easel ceramics of the Murzaly settlement are generally similar to the Khorezm XII-XIV centuries and refers to the time of the highest economic prosperity and political power of Khorezm.
Beirut under Russian rule. Part 2. The siege and the occupation (1773-1774)
Authors: Kobishchanov Taras Y.
Published: December 2019

During the Russian-Ottoman war of 1768-1774 Russia became the ﬁrst European country that invaded Middle East in the Modern times and even for the short period occupied its part: the town of Beirut. The events that preceded the assault and capture of the town were ﬁxed by the local chroniclers and Russian oﬃcers; as well they were reﬂected in the messages of Arab rulers and the reports of the diplomats residing in Syria. As a result the volumetric picture of the society is emerging that for the ﬁrst time faced the colonial expansion of the modernized Europe. The second part of presented article presents the picture of life of the town during the siege of 1773 and its following Russian troops’ occupation, that at ﬁrst indeed took place, and then imaginary. Special attention is paid to the changes in the system of co-existence of diﬀerent ethno-religious communities of Beirut.
Religion in qirat Qing dynasty politics
Authors: Kitinov Baatr U. , Qiang Liu
Published: December 2019

During 1680s-1750s the Qing dynasty in its relations with the Oirats (Jungars and Khoshuts) actively used the potential and signiﬁcance of Buddhism to achieve its main goal - the subordination of these nomads. At the same time, it had acted as a peacemaker and legislator, seeking to put under dynasty’s control not only the Oirat-Tibetan relations, but also the education of the Oirat lamas, and had tried to get them for their education in the Beijing Buddhist monasteries. In case of overt or covert insubordination, Beijing usually accused Oirat rulers in their rejection of Buddha’s teaching and conversion to Islam, claiming itself to be the only true defender of the teachings of Geluk school and personally the Dalai Lama. Such a policy, along with a complex political process in Tibet, and the Oirat internal strife, had had its impact on the crisis in the Oirat community in the middle of XVIII century.
Pax Romana and the Roman “imperialism” in the 1st century A.D
Authors: Nikishin Vladimir O.
Published: December 2019

This article is devoted to such a historical phenomenon as the Roman “imperialism” in the epoch of Augustus and his coming successors. Despite the fact that the founder of the Principate had declared the coming of “pax Augusta”, he spent several wars of conquest (for instance, in Spain and Germany). But Tiberius had already refused of “aggressive imperialism”, then the Empire moved to defense at all frontiers. The emperors of the 1st century A.D. only from time to time took oﬀensive actions (for example, in Armenia or Britain). Probably, there were two reasons for the Romans’ rejection of expansion policy. First of all, by that moment they had already conquered practically all the Mediterranean, and the expanding of the boundaries of the Empire hadn’t sense any more. Secondly, the creation of professional army led to the noticeable decline of the militarization level of the Roman society, which from that on was keenly interested in the keeping of peace and stability all over the “pax Romana”.
Part orgeones in ﬁnancing religious ceremonies in Attica IV century B.C. (according to epigraphy)
Authors: Bulycheva Elena V.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to participation orgeones (religious communities) in the organization and ﬁnancing of the research Institute of religious ceremonies in Athens IV century BC, the Primary source on this issue is epigraphic material - inscriptions, preserved on a marble stele dedicated to economic activities organov. These religious communities received from the Athenian policy the right to dispose of the sacred land, leased temple sites (Temenos) , and in some cases organized their sale, receiving a certain income. In addition, the bodies included wealthy citizens who made donations and sponsored the activities of the Association. These funds were used to organize the internal activities of the community, as well as to organize and Finance various religious ceremonies, which were held in the community and on the territory of the Athenian Polis.
Antidote to Civil War? European ‘small states’ and political legitimacy during World War II
Authors: Stefanidis Ioannis D.
Published: December 2019

The experience of European small states involved in World War II varied widely. Not all of them entered the war as victims of aggression, and even those that did so did not necessarily share the same dire consequences of warfare and/or foreign occupation; they also exited the war in, sometimes dramatically diﬀerent ways: a number of small states entered the post-war period relatively peacefully, other were plunged into civil war, while a third category experienced a measure of unrest short of civil strife. It is argued in this paper that, among the factors inﬂuencing the outcome of a European small state’s involvement in World War II, the political legitimacy of its government should not be underestimated. The impact of this factor was particularly felt during the sensitive transition period from war and/or occupation into peacetime. Reinterpreting existing material, it is further argued that, during the war, democratic legitimacy increasingly appeared to guarantee a safer ground for both withstanding wartime travails and achieving a relatively smooth restoration of free national institutions, without the risk of civil war.
Principle of trans-subjectivity in Luhmann’s historical methodology
Authors: Alikberov Alikber Kalabekovich
Published: December 2019

This article examines the problem of trans-subjectivity in Niklas Luhmann’s historical methodology. Trans-subjectivity, like inter-subjectivity, is understood in the humanities in different ways (N. Lossky, A. Bergson, I. Prigogine and others). Luhmann’s exploration of time leads him to devide it into “eternity” ( aeternitas ) and “system time” ( tempus ). Each manifestation of the latter is imbued with a special meaning that distinguishes one system time from another. History is reconstructed within the framework of the time dimension of meaning. These temporally measured meanings are the framework for reconstructing. This means that in historical methodology Luhmann essentially defended the principle of trans-subjectivism, although he denied the ontological positions of subject and object. In the framework of a forming system-communication approach signiﬁcantly based on Luhmann’s historical methodology, trans-subjectivity becomes a new, more substantive and maximally realistic (and therefore more objective) understanding of the principle of historicism, when the past is viewed through the prism of the perception of a particular person, regarded as both the subject and the object of history. If in digital history such an ontological superposition is especially applicable thanks to the new conditions of an informal environment that allows for an almost total self-description of society (according to Luhmann), and records the digital footprints of social actions of the Ego , in non-digital traditional historical science it can also be used as a fertile conceptual scheme, and explanatory model.
El dinero, una bomba molotov: supervivencias warburguianas en el arte latinoamericano post 68
Authors: Pérez Torres Natalia , Correa Joaquín
Published: December 2019

A partir de la indagación de algunas supervivencias, conforme entendidas por Aby Warburg, y atendiendo sobre todo a su carácter anacrónico, trazamos una constelación de intervenciones artísticas (pertenecientes al cine, la pintura, el arte urbano y la instalación) producidas desde 1968 hasta el presente, en Argentina, Brasil y Colombia. Se busca recuperar la entrada del dinero sea como material, sea como temática, al espacio de las obras de arte realizadas en ese periodo, que, a fin de cuentas, persiguen una posibilidad profanadora de su uso y concepción según son definidos en el capitalismo tardío. Las aproximaciones entre arte y dinero revelan el carácter violento de la economía y tal vez ese sea su último pathos incendiario.
A arte suprasensorial do Yoga
Authors: Oiticica Filho Cesar
Published: December 2019

Fazendo um paralelo entre o Yoga e o Suprasensorial na Arte, através do trabalho de Hélio Oiticica como uma forma de analisar pela perspectiva Yoga, traçando uma linha em comum que é a união de diferentes corpos, que unem conceitos dessas duas matérias. A expansão da consciência no Yoga, partindo do corpo físico, passando pelo energético, sutil, até o espiritual, é comparada com a desintegração do objeto na obra de Oiticica, uma vez que esse fenômeno passa, nos dois casos, por experimentações com o corpo. Revendo os textos seminais do artista e dessa vez observando sua busca pelo sublime na Arte, percebe-se que essa busca é exatamente a busca do Yoga e de outras vertentes da espiritualidade.
Quando é preciso saber que não sabemos o suficiente: Alfabeto maldito enquanto um exercício de desleitura
Authors: Cardoso Maykson
Published: December 2019

Este texto foi escrito como apresentação do catálogo de Alfabeto maldito, exposição realizada por Jorgge Menna Barreto e Joélson Buggilla entre julho e agosto de 2019, no SESC-Paraty, que tive a oportunidade de acompanhar também como curador. Na primeira parte, faz-se um percurso breve do trabalho de cada um dos artistas, pensando no ponto de encontro que possibilitou a construção de um trabalho comum; na segunda, propõe-se, brevemente, um caminho para uma experiência de “[des]leitura”, orientada por esse alfabeto muito singular e, por princípio, indecifrável. A segunda parte do texto foi, também, o texto de parede da exposição, de sorte que o seu formato obedece às exigências desses dois gêneros textuais muito específicos, marcados pela reflexão sucinta, sugestiva, mais “direta ao ponto”.
Peran Konselor dalam Meningkatkan Daya Ingat Belajar Siswa
Authors: Fitriani Dini , Ifdil Ifdil
Published: December 2019

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu upaya mengaktualisasika potensi diri yang dimiliki oleh individu. Baik itu potensi yang mendasar yang ada pada dirinya ataupun potensi-potensi yang ia terima saat ia mengalami proses belajar. Pada saat proses belajar individu menerima rangsangan dari stimulus-stimulus yang ada , dalam proses belajar belum ada faktor yang mendukung dan tidak mendukung berjalannya dengan lancar suatu proses belajar tersebut.Pada kenyataanya siswa tidak mampu dalam menjalankan dan mengembangkan potensi potensi yang ada pada dirinya , terkadang siswa tidak mampu mengimbangi faktor-faktor yang ada , salah satu nya adalah faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses belajar sisswa adalah faktor daya ingta siswa tersebut. lemah atau kuatnya ssiswa dalam menginta pelajaran yanga da di tingkat pendidikannya.Bertolak dari permasalahn diatas, maka penulis akan membahas makalah ini dengan judul ‘Peran Koselor dalam Meningkatkan Daya Ingat Belajar Siswa’’ yang bertujuan untuk membantu dan mengarahkan siswa agar mampu meningkatkan dan mengingat pelajaran-pelajaran dengan baik. 
Peran orang tua dalam perkembangan kepribadian anak usia dini
Authors: Ardiati Ratih Kemala
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini menemukan bahwa orang tua sangat berperan terhadap kepribadian anak. Setiap tindakan yang dilakukan orang tua akan membawa pengaruh terhadap pembentukan karakter anaknya baik di lingkungan keluarga, maupun sosialnya di masa akan datang. Orang tua yang benar-benar memberi perhatian khusus terhadap anaknya, akan membentuk kepribadian yang positif terhadap anaknya itu. Sebaliknya, orang tua yang tidak peduli atau sangat mengekang, akan membentuk kepribadian yang negatif terhadap anak tersebut. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan tentang pentingnya peran orang tua dalam perkembangan pribadi anak usia dini.
Penerapan Layanan Penguasaan Konten Untuk Mengurangi Prokrastinasi Akademik Siswa
Authors: Syahrin Muhammad Alfi , Yendi Frischa Meivilona , Taufik Taufik
Published: December 2019

Prokrastinasi akademik rentan terjadi di dunia pendidikan. Prokrastinasi akademik ini banyak dilakukan oleh Siswa di sekolah. Siswa cenderung senang menunda-nunda dalam mengerjakan tugas sekolah dan lebih banyak melakukan kegiatan lainnya. Beberapa faktor dari prokrastinasi akademik seperti kecanduan dalam bermain game online, kemudian karena adanya keyakinan tidak rasional yang dimiliki oleh Siswa, Keyakinan tidak rasional tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh kesalahan dalam mempersepsikan tugas sekolah. Kesalahan persepsi ini seperti menganggap tugas sekolah sulit untuk dikerjakan atau akan mendapatkan nilai yang cukup asalkan mengumpulkan tugas. Prokrastinasi akademik ini menyebabkan Siswa melakukan penundaan dalam mengerjakan tugas sehingga jika tugas bisa selesai, maka hasil dari tugas tersebut tidak maksimal atau tidak memuaskan. Prokrastinasi akademik dapat dikurangi melalui Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling. Guru BK dapat memberikan berbagai jenis layanan salah satunya layanan penguasaan konten. Melalui layanan penguasaan konten ini Siswa diberikan materi keterampilan dalam mengatur waktu terutama mengatur waktu dalam belajar, sehingga diharapkan Siswa dapat mengerjakan tugas-tugas sekolah dengan baik, maksimal dan juga dapat dikumpulkan pada waktu yang tepat. Namun, Hal demikian tidak akan lepas dari Siswa itu sendiri yang ingin berubah secara pribadi ke arah yang lebih baik.
Konsep Diri Warga Lembaga Pemasyarakatan
Authors: Irawan Romi
Published: December 2019

Menjadi seorang narapidana adalah sebuah kenyataan yang sangat pahit yang selalu dirasakan oleh orang-orang yang mempertanggungjawabkan kesalahannya. Narapidana yang menjalani pidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan (lapas), pada dasarnya telah kehilangan kebebasan untuk berinteraksi dengan msyarakat luar. Narapidana yang bersangkutan hanya dapat berinteraksi di dalam lapas saja. Kebebasan atau kemerdekaan berinteraksi telah hilang untuk jangka waktu tertentu, atau bahkan seumur hidup. Lembaga pemasyarakatan merupakan wadah pembinaan bagi nara pidana berdasarkan sistem pemasyarakatan dengan upaya mewujudkan pemidanaan yang integratif. Pemidanaan yang integratif adalah upaya untuk membina dan mengembalikan narapidana ke dalam kesatuan hidup masyarakat yang baik dan berguna.. Semoga ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu rujukan.
Upaya konselor dalam mengatasi permasalahan anak jalanan
Authors: Febriani Bertha Mazela , Puspita Lidya , Pratama Evan
Published: December 2019

Street Children Are Children whose Daily Life Is On The Road To Make A Living. The existence of a child on the street, something very dilemmatic. Lust Seeks Money To Get The Money That Makes It Survive, The Presence Of Children On The Street Often Disrupts Public Order And Their Rights As Children For Affection, Education And Livelihoods That Are Worth Not Separated Again Can Ruin Their Life In The Future. They Are Social Groups That Are Very Vulnerable From Physical Children, Emotions, Or Other Social Violence. Street Children, Like Children, Born With Talents And Interests, Nothing And Develop Because Of The State Of Experiences. And Have Hope or Ideas That Are So Great for Himself.
KINERJA PEGAWAI BALAI BESAR PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL (BBPPKS) REGIONAL IV KALIMANTAN
Authors: Amelia Rizki Putri , Bachri Achmad Alim , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research is: 1. To know performance employees at of big hall education and training social welfare (BBPPKS) regional IV of Kalimantan. 2. To know problems of performance often occurs in big hall education and training social welfare (BBPPKS) regional IV of Kalimantan. This study used a descriptive research design with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used through interviews, observation and documentation. Informants were taken from origin policy makers and stakeholders. Analysis using interactive data analysis which consists of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results show that the employee performance research big hall education and training social welfare (BBPPKS) regional IV of Kalimantan seen the purpose the employee performance, the employee performance standards and motives have not reached the level the employee performance levels while the accountability the employee performance has begun to reach this optimal. The distribution of work in education and training of big hall social welfare (BBPPKS) regional IV of Kalimantan formally have refer to the regulations concerning the formulation of the, however sometimes the allocation of work to personnel less consistent with his position. Here it can be seen that responsibility the performance of on officer at of big hall for training and education of people with social welfare (BBPPKS) regional IV of Kalimantan as part of the has not yet been it is said the implementation of the activity aligned with the government of a prescribed procedure.
Analisis Konten Buku Teks IPA Terpadu Kelas VIII Semester 1 Ditinjau Dari Aspek Literasi Saintifik
Authors: Risma Mutia , Rahmayani Rahmayani , Handayani Fitria
Published: December 2019

Science learning has an important role for students to understand natural phenomena with scientific methods. Science learning is taught in an integrated manner and contains literacy in it. Skills in literacy are needed to help students understand learning resources. One type of literacy is scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is the ability to understand or get involved with science issues and ideas around the environment. Scientific literacy consists of four aspects, namely 1) the scientific context, 2) the scientific process, 3) the scientific concept and 4) the scientific attitude. This research is a descriptive research that contains a description of the object under research. The object of this research is the integrated science textbook for grade VIII in junior high school. The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire assessment of integrated science textbooks related to scientific literacy aspects. The results showed that, among the five textbooks researched, the best book reviewed in terms of the scientific context and the scientific process was book D with grades of 78.6 and 78.1, respectively. In terms of scientific concepts, the best integrated science textbooks are books A and D with a value of 82.1. Meanwhile, the integrated science textbook that is good to use is seen from the aspect of scientific attitude is book E with a value of 75. After processing the data, it is found that the best book used to improve students' scientific literacy ability is book D with a value of 77.4.