bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rockumentary
Authors: Niebling Laura
Published: July 2020

Musik ist ein Kassenschlager – vom frühen Kino bis zu heutigen VR-Plattformen. Die audiovisuelle Dokumentation von Musikern, Genres und Szenen ist dabei eng verbunden mit dem Begriff der «Rockumentary». Doch was ist eine Rockumentary? Dieser Frage geht der Band nach. Ein umfassendes filmtheoretisches und medienhistorisches Vergleichsmodell und eine aktuelle Industriestudie zeichnen dabei erstmals ein eingehendes Bild des dokumentarischen Musikfilms.
Die Figur im Film
Authors: Eder Jens
Published: July 2020

Figuren sind für Spielfilme und das Erleben der Zuschauer von zentraler Bedeutung. Dieses Buch stellt das bislang umfassendste Modell zur Untersuchung von Filmfiguren in ihren vielfältigen Formen und Funktionen vor. Um dafür eine neuartige Grundlage zu schaffen, wurden die Erkenntnisse verschiedener Disziplinen integriert und auf einen griffigen Kern verdichtet: die "Uhr der Figur".
Pedagogías comparadas. De la Escuela del Mar y Pere Vergés a la Escuela 26 de enero (1943) y Enric Gibert
Authors: Brasó Jordi , Torrebadella Flix Xavier
Published: July 2020

The objective of this article is to compare two antagonistic pedagogical models such as the beginnings of Escuela del Mar (1922), directed by Pere Vergés, and Escuela 26 de enero (1943) directed by Enric Gibert, in full francoism. The centers, in Barcelona, were in contact with nature.The first was located on the Barceloneta beach, and the second in the Guinardó neighborhood, where it is still located. From a methodology focused on the analysis of dimensions and study variables, differences, and similarities of the two centers in the initial moments of their creation are highlighted. For this, the treatment of primary documentary sources –periodic and non-periodic publications– has been used, together with the analysis of images of the time. Secondary sources contextualize all argumentative text. It is proved that both models promoted a way in principle hygienic-medical to see education, although in the case of Escuela del Mar there appeared a philosophy related to the students and the ideas of the New School and, instead, to Escuela 26 de enero, although there are also glimpses of pedagogical renewal activities, there is a Catholic and authoritarian model of submission of the child and, in short, of indoctrination, much more significant.
E-learning en 15 días. Retos y renovaciones en la Educación Primaria y Secundaria de la República de Croacia durante la crisis del COVID-19. How have we Introduced distance Learning?
Authors: Sianes Bautista Alicia , Sánchez Lissen Encarnación
Published: July 2020

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Epistemologias e culturas silenciadas: por uma formação decolonial em Artes
Authors: Silva Ursula Rosa da , Senna Nadia da Cruz
Published: July 2020

O artigo reúne reflexões e inquietações diante da urgência de rever currículos e práticas de formação em artes, a partir de epistemologias de lugares e saberes, pautadas na valorização dos sujeitos latino-americanos e na construção coletiva do conhecimento. O referencial teórico revisita Paulo Freire, pelo seu pioneirismo em prol da educação libertadora e joga luzes sobrepensadores e pensadoras insurgentes e recorrentes, tais como Simioni, Hollanda, Walsh, Achinte, Maldonado e Gomez, através de seus estudos inclusivos e igualitários. Contempla ações e desdobramentos experimentados pelo grupo de pesquisa, em sala de aula, em espaços formais e informais, nos eventos que envolveram alunos e a comunidade em geral, visando instaurar uma experiência artística que reverbere e evidencie relações e discursos. Para finalizar se aponta a crise gerada pela pandemia mundial e as severas implicações que recaem sobre as sociedades desiguais. Apostamos na estética da (re)existência como possibilidade de educação inclusiva, uma reinvenção de si experimentada pelos excluídos para romper com tradições e hegemonias, capaz de ativar o diálogo entre diferentes, provocar empatia e gestar alianças.
Jogo cooperativo de ciências: o ensino de Libras para alunos ouvintes do quinto ano
Authors: Ersching Clevia Bittencurt , Sell Fabíola Sucupira Ferreira
Published: July 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo geral a análise do jogo cooperativo como ferramenta para o ensino de Libras para alunos ouvintes do quinto ano, na disciplina de Ciências, em cuja escola há alunos surdos matriculados. Sabe-se que o ensino de Libras para ouvintes é algo recente, e a valorização desta língua é fundamental para contribuir na inclusão de surdos na sociedade como um todo. Esta pesquisa delineia-se como sendo qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de campo. A amostra se configura em 20 alunos de uma turma de quinto ano de uma escola municipal da cidade de Guaramirim. Com a aplicação do jogo cooperativo verificou-se que este, por estimular atitudes de companheirismo e parceira, contribuiu para o ensino e aprendizagem de Libras bem como do conteúdo sobre reciclagem de materiais. Além disso, os alunos relataram que gostaram do jogo e que se sentiram estimulados a realizar as atividades propostas por cada casa do jogo
Uma proposta à leitura de imagens por pessoas com deficiência visual
Authors: Dias Koehler Andressa , Margit Schütz Foerste Gerda
Published: July 2020

Este texto discute os impactos que as barreiras comunicacionais presentes em produtos audiovisuais não acessíveis podem causar a pessoas com deficiência visual em situações comunicativas diversas. Relata e analisa uma experiência com grupo focal desenvolvida em um instituto de cegos do Espírito Santo, com a apresentação de imagens dinâmicas e estáticas em duas condições: com e sem audiodescrição. Tece reflexões sobre a importância das imagens sob a ótica de Schütz-Foerste (2004), Ciavatta (2012), Koehler (2017) Wulf (2013), Sacks (2010), Bakhtin (2003), dentre outros autores. Conclui que a ausência de audiodescrição em produtos audiovisuais impõe limitações à formação de leitores com deficiência visual no que diz respeito aos textos imagéticos, comprometendo a leitura de imagens como intertexto, representação e fonte histórica, o que influencia diretamente na construção identitária desses sujeitos. Ademais, a escassa experiência com processos miméticos que remetem a produtos, cenas, arranjos e representações históricas e culturais, por parte desse público, pode limitar ainda a aquisição e a transmissão de bens culturais entre gerações de pessoas do mesmo contexto.
Práticas docentes no ensino de ciências e biologia para alunos com deficiência visual: uma análise à luz da perspectiva inclusiva
Authors: Mafra de Sousa Louíze Roberta , De Sousa Carlos Erick Brito
Published: July 2020

O ensino de Ciências e Biologia para alunos com deficiência visual ainda enfrenta barreiras, como acesso à matrícula, profissionais especializados, materiais, métodos adaptados e tecnologias que auxiliem sua aprendizagem. Contudo, o olhar do professor com suas incertezas e dúvidas, sejam gerais ou específicas da disciplina, muitas vezes é negligenciado. Nesse contexto, a seguinte pesquisa objetivou analisar as práticas docentes de professores de Ciências e Biologia de uma escola de aplicação de uma universidade por meio da análise textual discursiva, considerando suas formações, dificuldades, concepções de inclusão e experiências. Observamos que a formação está intimamente ligada à prática docente, assim, o não estímulo à inclusão direciona como os docentes lidam com a diversidade em uma sala com alunos que possuam deficiência visual. Fatores da disciplina como a abstração/complexidade de seus conteúdos e a falta de formação adequada contribuem para a dificuldade em promover metodologias que alcancem os alunos. Para uma prática docente sensível às questões da diversidade, é fundamental uma formação inicial e continuada que considere a heterogeneidade e individualidade de cada aluno, materiais adaptados que estimulem outros sentidos além da visão, e o comprometimento dos docentes em buscar conhecimentos, saindo do modelo de educação estática ainda adotado por alguns profissionais.
Combinações elementares: potencialidades de um jogo didático no ensino fundamental e para a dislexia
Authors: Zaranski Jeferson Luis , Godoi Luciane , Silveira Camila
Published: July 2020

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os limites e possibilidades de um jogo didático de Química na aula de Ciências e no processo de inclusão de um aluno do Ensino Fundamental com dislexia de uma escola estadual. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa do tipo participante. Os dados foram constituídos seguindo os aportes da observação participante, registrando em notas de campo a dinâmica da sala de aula de Ciências, a situação escolar do aluno, seu comportamento em sala, sua interação com colegas e com a professora, e a relação da escola com a inclusão; e entrevista semiestruturada com a professora de Ciências. O jogo foi desenvolvido no decorrer da pesquisa, de acordo com a realidade da turma, seguindo o conteúdo programático e as particularidades da dislexia, sendo aplicado ao final das observações. O aumento do interesse pelos assuntos, o engajamento dos estudantes, além do estímulo à maior relação entre professor e aluno foram resultados encontrados, destacando a potencialidade de um recurso didático imagético e lúdico. Pelas características do material elaborado, nota-se a contribuição para a inclusão dos estudantes, por meio da ludicidade, e as potencialidades da imagem para o trabalho com a dislexia.
A percepção do sensível e o ensino da arte na contemporaneidade
Authors: Salomé Josélia Schwanka , Mendes Maria Cristina
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apontar possíveis caminhos para as particularidades da construção de conhecimento pelo sensível. O trabalho com a arte na educação pode se apresentar como uma das possibilidades de trabalho na perspectiva da superação da formação unilateral ao aliar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento inteligível ao saber sensível. As inquietações aqui presentes refletem a importância da educação estética na formação humana diante dos interesses para uma formação voltada à adequação mercadológica implantada na educação, em seus diversos níveis. Entendemos que diminuição e a possivel extinção da educação pelo sensível certamente acarretará o aumento da competitividade e, consequentemente, da violência e, sendo assim, repensar estratégias educacionais e fomentar a discussão acerca do valor da arte no ensino formal é uma necessidade urgente no país. Deste modo, concluímos que, se a arte não pode, sozinha, humanizar, pode proporcionar o estranhamento e a dúvida, a fuga das convenções e da submissão automática às práticas sociais hegemônicas.
Levando matemática e alegria para uma criança em tratamento com leucemia linfoide aguda
Authors: Maiara Masur da Silva dos Santos Kelly , Lucena Camargo de Almeida Klaus Vanessa , Pinto de Góes Eliane , Lübeck Marcos
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo são apresentados dados sobre como acontece o ensino de uma criança com Leucemia Linfoide Aguda nos anos iniciais da Educação Básica, impossibilitada de ir para a escola em virtude do internamento hospitalar e do tratamento de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, fundamentado num levantamento bibliográfico e no desenvolvimento de aulas de Matemática, tendo como prática metodológica o ensino e aprendizagem através do lúdico. A investigação mostrou que os jogos, bem como outros recursos didáticos, em um contexto de alegria, favoreceram para a criança a construção de conhecimentos, além de proporcionarem momentos de convívio que lhe ajudaram a lidar com as mudanças de rotina. No que diz respeito a formação docente, a pesquisa foi muito importante, pois proporcionou aos envolvidos uma experiência distinta, permitindo conhecer uma aluna em cuidados terapêuticos e a trabalhar em situações adversas, e saber como o Estado do Paraná e o Município de Foz do Iguaçu participam desse processo, o que contribui muito para a formação de professores de Matemática.
Educação Especial no Brasil e em Cuba: entrevista com Neide da Silveira Duarte de Matos
Authors: Matos Neide da Silveira Duarte de
Published: July 2020

Entrevista com Neide da Silveira Duarte de Matos, que nos traz um panorama de suas experiências durante os estudos sobre Educação Especial realizados em Cuba, local escolhido pelo seu caráter de consolidação do movimento de estudos e pesquisas fundamentados na Teoria Histórico-cultural (THC), bem como por sediar o Centro de Referência Latinoamericano para a Educação Especial, proposto também na década de 1990, com intenção de representar a Educação Especial Cubana e promover o intercâmbio científico internacional, principalmente entre os países de América Latina e Caribe.
Makedonien – kostbar kitsch og dyb krise
Authors: Haubek Anne
Published: July 2020

Den sidste artikel i temaet er Anne Haubeks artikel om Makedonien. Det kan diskute- res om situationen i Makedonien kan defineres som en frossen konflikt i snæver for- stand. Men sikkert er det, at den fastlåste situation i forholdet til Grækenland har sat tilnærmelsen til EU i stå – og at de stigende spændinger mellem slaviske og albanske makedonere har skabt frygt for, at ‘krudttønden’ på Balkan igen kan eksplodere.
Atomvåben fortsat en reel trussel
Authors: Kierulf John
Published: July 2020

John Kierulf giver en status for den atomare nedrustning.
Anmeldelse: Den postmoderne medievirkelighed i Rusland
Authors: Skak Mette
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kroatiens lange vej til medlemskab af EU
Authors: Amdal Niels-Ulrik
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Verdens tilstand efter COP21
Authors: Christensen John
Published: July 2020

intet resumé
Den nye europæiske uorden
Authors: Krastev Ivan , Leonard Mark
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Arabernes bristede drømme
Authors: Ziadeh Hanna
Published: July 2020

Artikel om den sekteriske kamp mellem sunni- og shia-muslimerne i Irak.
Anmeldelse: Med Danmarks børn i hellig krig
Authors: Nørgaard-Larsen Mads
Published: July 2020

En anmeldelser af Jakob Sheikhs bog om Danmarks børn i hellig krig.
Usikkert efterår i Libanon
Authors: Seeberg Peter
Published: July 2020

Den libanesiske ministerpræsident Fouad Siniora offentliggjorde i midten af juli sin nye regering, der spås en usikker fremtid.
Arabien midt i en systemkamp
Authors: Jerichow Anders
Published: July 2020

Både arabiske og vestlige regeringer lægger helst skjul på deres egentlige intentioner, når de drøfter ‘arabiske reformer’. Her er koden til de følsomme forhandlinger.
Caracterización electroquímica del proceso de degradación de materiales piritosos en colecciones geológicas y paleontológicas: propuestas de tratamiento y conservación
Authors: Sáez Máñez Teresa , Garcia-Forner Anna , Doménech-Carbó Antonio , Martinez-Perez Carlos
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo analiza los problemas de conservación y tratamiento de ejemplares paleontológicos y geológicos en los museos centrándonos en ejemplares piritizados, destacando los principales factores que afectan la preservación de este tipo de colecciones. Se ha realizado una intervención en ejemplares paleontológicos y geológicos en la cual han sido tratados para su adecuada conservación. Para caracterizar el proceso de degradación se ha realizado un estudio electroquímico sobre diversos ejemplares conservados en pirita y, de este modo, poder identificar estadios de la degradación presente de los ejemplares (producida en el curso del almacenamiento y conservación). La identificación de estos estados ha permitido determinar y aplicar el tratamiento de neutralización apropiado para la conservación preventiva de este tipo de colecciones.
Repositioning Indonesia in the Changing Maritime Landscape of the Indo-Pacific Region
Authors: Pertiwi Sukmawani Bela
Published: July 2020

Indo-Pacific has been among the most contested regions in the past decade. After China demonstrated its ambitious goal in reviving maritime silk road with its military and economic presence, United States, India, Japan, and Australia formed a new coalition to counter this strategy. This paper aims to examine the position of Indonesia as a traditional regional maritime power in the context of this changing maritime landscape of the Indo-Pacific region. In doing so, this paper develops the concept of “the three faces of maritime power” which distinguishes maritime power into hard, soft, and normative maritime power. The findings of this paper indicates that Indonesia demonstrates less of its hard and soft power, but it capitalizes on its normative power to demonstrate its presence in the new maritime landscape of the Indo Pacific
Transnational Relations and Activism in International Relations: Debates and Consensus in Literature
Authors: Soetjipto Ani W. , Yuliestiana Arivia Tri Dara
Published: July 2020

This article explores the concepts of transnational relations and activism in the study of International Relations, specifically the role of civil society in transnational advocacy. It is fascinating to discuss the role of civil society when state actors are no longer the most prominent actors in International Relations studies in the midst of globalisation. Some articles related to transnational relations have been written by the scholars of International Relations such as Thomas Risse-Kappen (1995). Even so, one of the most sophisticated concepts of transnational activism was introduced by Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink (1998), in Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. In order to fully understand transnational activism in the study of International Relations, a divergent perspective can be applied. In this article, the authors aim to examine the recent debates and its counternarratives in International Relations through critical and constructivism lenses. Firstly, this article would describe the concepts of transnationalism and transnational activism in the study of International Relations (state of the art). Secondly, it would be a discussion in the literature on transnationalism and transnational activism which cover themes about norm diffusion, the ‘boomerang pattern’, political opportunity structures and accountability and effectiveness. The last part is conclusion that can be drawn from this consensus and debates in the concept of transnational activism.
China’s Policy in Refusing North Korea Nuclear Proliferation
Authors: Sulaiman Vera Zerlinda Alamsyah
Published: July 2020

This paper explains the main factors underlying China's policy of refusing North Korea's nuclear proliferation, whereas the two countries have established defense alliance relations since the breakup of the Korean War. Geopolitically, North Korea is a strategic country for China in the East Asian region, and both countries view the presence of the US military in the region as a threat. Subsequently, North Korea began to develop its nuclear capability to challenge the continuous US military presence in South Korea. Although China and North Korea see the US influence as a security threat, China maintains its position of refusing North Korea nuclear proliferation. Previous studies regarding the relations between the two countries have explained the factors that underlie China's refusal of North Korea's nuclear proliferation. However, there have been no studies that precisely portray how nuclear weapons can influence China's policy-making towards its allies. By using extended deterrence perspective, this paper explains the variables that influence China's rejection of North Korea's nuclear proliferation. The main argument in this study is that China refuses North Korea's nuclear proliferation as a result of the disadvantage if North Korea continues its nuclear proliferation and the impact towards the regional stability that is unfavorable to China.
Latent Securitisation of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in Indonesia
Authors: Taufika Rage
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to explore and explain to what extent and in what ways the Indonesian Government has securitised the Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in Indonesia since 2009, by utilising critical discourse analysis. Using the Securitisation theory from the Copenhagen School, this paper explains the analysis of the speech act and extraordinary measures from SBY’s administration, Jokowi’s first term and second term administration. While IUU fishing has been a severe global issue, 30 percent of the cases take place in Indonesia and it becomes a serious threat for the economy and maritime resources. In 2009, Indonesia amended the fisheries law by establishing the new article about the right to burn and sink illegal foreign vessels. However, the securitisation remained ‘latent’ as it lacks the extraordinary measures and supporting speech act from the government. In 2014, during Jokowi’s first term, Indonesia had done extraordinary measures by regularly sinking the illegal foreign vessels. During Jokowi’s second term, the measures were gone, although the law still exists. Thus, it became ‘latent’ again in 2019 up until present. This paper claims that the Indonesian Government successfully securitised the issue in 2014 after the latent securitisation that happened in 2009. However, it remained ‘latent’ again in 2019 up until now.
The Effect of Hallux Valgus Surgery on Quality of Life
Authors: Koken Murat , Guclu Berk
Published: July 2020

Background

Health-related quality of life (QOL) is defined as a patient's subjective perception of his or her own health. Insufficient data exist on QOL of patients who undergo a hallux valgus (HV) operation. We used a 36-item short form survey (SF-36) to measure QOL of such patients. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of HV on QOL and to identify QOL determinants.

Methods

Fifty patients who underwent surgery for HV between 2015 and 2017 were included in the study. The SF-36 questionnaire was applied to the patients before and after surgery. Patients' medical records were examined to identify possible factors affecting QOL such as age, gender, body mass index, duration of symptoms, or smoking.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 55.6 ± 3.8 years, and 42 of the 50 patients were women. The mean duration of disease was 12 ± 3.7 years. The surgery improved QOL scores for general health, emotional well-being, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, physical functioning and bodily pain. However, the changes in scores for vitality and social functioning were not statistically significant. Lower postoperative QOL scores for emotional well-being and bodily pain were significantly associated with age and duration of the symptoms. Compared to the mean QOL of healthy adult Turkish population, all scores in subdimensions were lower.

Conclusions

This study shows that HV in adults has a negative impact on general health, bodily pain, physical functioning, physical and emotional well-being rather than social well-being and vitality.
Effects of vegetation restoration on soil quality in fragile karst ecosystems of southwest China
Authors: Guan Huiling , Fan Jiangwen
Published: July 2020

Soil quality assessment is important for karst ecosystems where soil erosion is significant. A large amount of vegetation restoration has been implemented since the early 21st century in degraded karst areas across southwestern China. However, the impacts on soil quality of different restoration types rarely have been compared systematically. In the current study, we investigated the soil quality after a number of vegetation restoration projects as well as their adjacent cropland by analyzing soil samples. Six vegetation restoration types were evaluated, including one natural restoration (natural shrubland, protected for 13 years), three economic forests (4 years Eucalyptus robusta, 4 years Prunus salicina and 6 years Zenia insignis) and two mixed forests (1 year Juglans regia–crop and 13 years Toona sinensis-Pennisetum purpureum ). We evaluated the benefits of different restoration types more accurately by setting each adjacent cropland as the control and setting the variation between the corresponding restored and control site as the evaluation object so that the background differences of six sites could be eliminated. The results indicated that natural shrubland, Toona sinensis-Pennisetum purpureum and Zenia insignis were effective in improving soil quality index (SQI) in degraded karst cropland largely due to their higher SOC and TN content. The variation of SQI (VSQI) of natural shrubland was significantly higher than that in Eucalyptus robusta, Prunus salicina and Juglans regia-crop in total soil layer (0–30 cm) (P < 0.05), indicating natural shrubland had better capacity to improve soil quality. The boosting regression tree model revealed that vegetation restoration type explained 73.49% and restoration time explained 10.30% of the variation in VSQI, which confirmed that vegetation restoration type and restoration time are critical for achieving soil reserves. Therefore, it is vital to select appropriate vegetation type in restoration projects and recovery for a long time in order to achieve better soil quality. The current study provides a theoretical basis on which to assess the effects of different vegetation restoration types on the heterogeneous degraded karst areas.
Epidermal activation of Hedgehog signaling establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma by modulating skin immunity
Authors: Grund‐Gröschke Sandra , Ortner Daniela , Szenes‐Nagy Antal B. , Zaborsky Nadja , Weiss Richard , Neureiter Daniel , Wipplinger Martin , Risch Angela , Hammerl Peter , Greil Richard , Sibilia Maria , Gratz Iris K. , Stoitzner Patrizia , Aberger Fritz
Published: July 2020

Genetic activation of hedgehog/glioma‐associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling causes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a very frequent nonmelanoma skin cancer. Small molecule targeting of the essential HH effector Smoothened (SMO) has proven an effective therapy of BCC, though the frequent development of drug resistance poses major challenges to anti‐HH treatments. In light of recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, we analyzed the possible immunosuppressive mechanisms in HH/GLI‐induced BCC in detail. Using a genetic mouse model of BCC, we identified profound differences in the infiltration of BCC lesions with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. Epidermal activation of Hh/Gli signaling led to an accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and to an increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand 1. Anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy, however, did not reduce tumor growth, presumably due to the lack of immunogenic mutations in common BCC mouse models, as shown by whole‐exome sequencing. BCC lesions also displayed a marked infiltration with neutrophils, the depletion of which unexpectedly promoted BCC growth. The study provides a comprehensive survey of and novel insights into the immune status of murine BCC and serves as a basis for the design of efficacious rational combination treatments. This study also underlines the need for predictive immunogenic mouse models of BCC to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in vivo.
Continuous real time 3D motion reproduction using dynamic MRI and precomputed 4DCT deformation fields
Authors: Dasnoy‐Sumell Damien , Souris Kevin , Van Ooteghem G. , Macq Benoit
Published: July 2020

Radiotherapy of mobile tumors requires specific imaging tools and models to reduce the impact of motion on the treatment. Online continuous nonionizing imaging has become possible with the recent development of magnetic resonance imaging devices combined with linear accelerators. This opens the way to new guided treatment methods based on the real‐time tracking of anatomical motion. In such devices, 2D fast MR‐images are well‐suited to capture and predict the real‐time motion of the tumor. To be used effectively in an adaptive radiotherapy, these MR images have to be combined with X‐ray images such as CT, which are necessary to compute the irradiation dose deposition. We therefore developed a method combining both image modalities to track the motion on MR images and reproduce the tracked motion on a sequence of 3DCT images in real‐time. It uses manually placed navigators to track organ interfaces in the image, making it possible to select anatomical object borders that are visible on both MRI and CT modalities and giving the operator precise control of the motion tracking quality. Precomputed deformation fields extracted from the 4DCT acquired in the planning phase are then used to deform existing 3DCT images to match the tracked object position, creating a new set of 3DCT images encompassing irregularities in the breathing pattern for the complete duration of the MRI acquisition. The final continuous reconstructed 4DCT image sequence reproduces the motion captured by the MRI sequence with high precision (difference below 2 mm).
In the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Freeman Cristina Garduño
Published: July 2020

Is there a value in people's relationships with iconic buildings? Cristina Garduño Freeman argues there is – and that these social relationships can be identified and evaluated via digital ethnography. She illustrates her thesis using the Sydney Opera House and demonstrates how its ‘iconomy’ is a valuable social and economic asset.
Mapping Gendered Infrastructures: Critical Reflections on Violence Against Women in India
Authors: Datta Ayona , Ahmed Nabeela
Published: July 2020

Using geographical information systems and participatory mapping with women from low‐income areas of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, revealed their fears of violence against them, but equally the spatiotemporal ‘dark spots’ where this might occur. This in turn influenced infrastructure policy and provoked the introduction of a ‘she corridor’. Ayona Datta, a professor of geography at University College London, and Nabeela Ahmed, postdoctoral research fellow at the Sheffield Institute of International Development, tell us how.
The House as Ancestor: A Tale of Māori Social Value
Authors: Hoete Anthony
Published: July 2020

In order for a house to have social value, it must be a focus of spiritual, political and cultural significance to a specific community. This is a tale of one such house, the Māori whare. The whare is formally greeted as one would a person, before addressing the humans within. Carving, ornament and pattern constitute most of its Māori‐ness, and are central to its place in Māori civilisation. Anthony Hoete, founder of WHAT_architecture, unravels the architecture of Māori placemaking, its social standing and worldview.
Investigating Porous Media for Relief Printing Using Micro‐Architected Materials
Authors: Gallegos Michael A. , Garcia Chelsea M. , Schunk Peter Randall , White Benjamin C. , Boyce Brad L. , Secor Ethan B. , Kaehr Bryan
Published: July 2020

Advances in printed electronics are predicated on the integration of sophisticated printing technologies with functional materials. Although scalable manufacturing methods, such as letterpress and flexographic printing, have significant history in graphic arts printing, functional applications require sophisticated control and understanding of nanoscale transfer of fluid inks. Herein, a versatile platform is introduced to study and engineer printing forms, exploiting a microscale additive manufacturing process to design micro‐architected materials with controllable porosity and deformation. Building on this technology, controlled ink transfer for submicron functional films is demonstrated. The design freedom and high‐resolution 3D control afforded by this method provide a rich framework for studying mechanics of fluid transfer for advanced manufacturing processes.
A Motion Vector Sensor via Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Yin Xing , Liu Di , Zhou Linglin , Li Xinyuan , Xu Guoqiang , Liu Lu , Li Shaoxin , Zhang Chuguo , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2020

Motion vector sensors play an important role in artificial intelligence and internet of things. Here, a triboelectric vector sensor (TVS) based on a direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerator is reported, for self‐powered measuring various motion parameters, including displacement, velocity, acceleration, angular, and angular velocity. Based on the working mechanism of the contact‐electrification effect and electrostatic breakdown, a continuous DC signal can be collected to directly monitor moving objects free from environmental electromagnetic signal interference existing in conventional self‐powered TVSs with an alternative‐current signal output, which not only enhances the sensitivity of sensors, but also provides a simple solution to miniaturize the sensors. Its sensitivity is demonstrated to be equivalent to state‐of‐the‐art photoelectric technology by a comparative experiment in an intelligent mouse. Notably, an intelligent pen based on the miniaturized TVS is designed to realize motion trajectory tracing, mapping, and writing on the curved surface. This work provides a new paradigm shift to design motion vector sensors and self‐powered sensors in artificial intelligent and internet of things.
Mechanical Properties Tailoring of 3D Printed Photoresponsive Nanocellulose Composites
Authors: Müller Luca A. E. , Zimmermann Tanja , Nyström Gustav , Burgert Ingo , Siqueira Gilberto
Published: July 2020

3D printing technologies allow control over the alignment of building blocks in synthetic materials, but compositional changes often require complex multimaterial printing steps. Here, 3D printable materials showing locally tunable mechanical properties are produced in a single printing step of Direct Ink Writing. These new inks consist of a polymer matrix bearing biocompatible photoreactive cinnamate derivatives and up to 30 wt% of anisotropic cellulose nanocrystals. The printed materials are mechanically versatile and can undergo further crosslinking upon illumination. When illuminating the material and controlling the irradiation doses, the Young's moduli can be adjusted between 15 and 75 MPa. Moreover, spatially controlled illumination allows patterning stiff geometries, resulting in 3D printed structures with segments of different mechanical properties tailoring the mechanical behavior under compression. The high design freedom implemented by 3D printing and photopatternability opens the venue to rapid manufacturing of devices for applications such as prosthetics or soft robotics where the 3D shapes and mechanical properties must be tailored for personalized load cases.
Wide‐Range‐Tunable p‐Type Conductivity of Transparent CuI1−xBrx Alloy
Authors: Yamada Naoomi , Tanida Yuta , Murata Hidenobu , Kondo Takahiro , Yoshida Shougo
Published: July 2020

Transparent p‐type semiconductors with wide‐range tunability of the hole density are rare. Developing such materials is a challenge in the field of transparent electronics that utilize invisible electric circuits. In this paper, a CuI–CuBr alloy (CuI1−xBrx) is proposed as a hole‐density‐tunable p‐type transparent semiconductor that can be fabricated at room temperature. First‐principles calculations predict that the acceptor state originating from copper vacancies in CuBr is deeper than that in CuI, leading to the hypothesis that the hole density in CuI1−xBrx can be tuned over a wide range by varying x between 0 and 1. The experimental results support this hypothesis. The hole density in CuI1−xBrx polycrystalline alloy layers can be tuned by over three orders of magnitude (1017–1020 cm−3) by varying x. In other words, the p‐type conductivity of the CuI1−xBrx alloy shows metallic and semiconducting properties. Such alloy layers can be prepared at room temperature without sacrificing transparency. Furthermore, CuI1−xBrx forms transparent p–n diodes with n‐type amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O layers, and these diodes have satisfactory rectification performance. Therefore, CuI1−xBrx alloy is an excellent p‐type transparent semiconductor for which the p‐type conductivity can be tailored in a wide range.
High Performance Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistor via Interface Engineering
Authors: Zhao Yepin , Wang Zhengxu , Xu Guangwei , Cai Le , Han Tae‐Hee , Zhang Anni , Wu Quantan , Wang Rui , Huang Tianyi , Cheng Pei , Chang Sheng‐Yung , Bao Daqian , Zhao Zhiyu , Wang Minhuan , Huang Yijie , Yang Yang
Published: July 2020

Solution‐processed indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) have become well known in recent decades for their promising commercial potential. However, the unsatisfactory performance of small‐sized IGZO TFTs is limiting their applicability. To address this issue, this work introduces an interface engineering method of bi‐functional acid modification to regulate the interfaces between electrodes and the channels of IGZO TFTs. This method increases the interface oxygen vacancy concentration and reduces the surface roughness, resulting in higher mobility and enhanced contact at the interfaces. The TFT devices thus treated display contact resistance reduction from 9.1 to 2.3 kΩmm, as measured by the gated four‐probe method, as well as field‐effect mobility increase from 1.5 to 4.5 cm2 (V s)−1. Additionally, a 12 × 12 organic light emitting diode display constructed using the acid modified IGZO TFTs as switching and driving elements demonstrate the applicability of these devices.
Reversible Crosslinked Polymer Binder for Recyclable Lithium Sulfur Batteries with High Performance
Authors: Liu Zhimeng , He Xin , Fang Chen , Camacho‐Forero Luis E. , Zhao Yangzhi , Fu Yanbao , Feng Jun , Kostecki Robert , Balbuena Perla B. , Zhang Junhua , Lei Jingxin , Liu Gao
Published: July 2020

Owing to the negative impact of the extensive utilization of batteries on the environment, sustainability of the cells needs to be included in the systemic research of batteries. Herein, a dissolvable ionic crosslinked polymer (DICP) is exploited as a binder for lithium–sulfur batteries by crosslinking the polyacrylic acid and polyethyleneimine through carboxy‐amino ionic interaction. This interaction is pH‐controlled, and therefore, the crosslinked binder network can be readily dissociated under basic conditions, providing a facile strategy enabling valuable components recycled through a convenient washing method. The sulfur cathode prepared using the recycled carbon–sulfur composite can deliver comparable capacity as that of fresh electrode. In addition, evidence from cell performance and characterizations, such as in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ UV–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation, confirms that DICP is a more effective binder than its commercial counterpart on suppressing polysulfide dissolution in the electrolyte. Exploiting reversible crosslinked polymer binder for recyclable Li–S batteries with ameliorated electrochemical performance, this study illuminates sustainable development for large‐scale energy storage systems.
Making Large‐Area Titanium Disulfide Films at Reduced Temperature by Balancing the Kinetics of Sulfurization and Roughening
Authors: Li Yifei , Singh Akshay , Reidy Kate , Jo Seong Soon , Ross Frances M. , Jaramillo Rafael
Published: July 2020

The synthesis of large‐area TiS2 thin films is reported at temperatures as low as 500 °C using a scalable two‐step method of metal film deposition followed by sulfurization in an H2S gas furnace. It is demonstrated that the lowest‐achievable sulfurization temperature depends strongly on the oxygen background during sulfurization. This dependence arises because TiO bonds present a substantial kinetic and thermodynamic barrier to TiS2 formation. Lowering the sulfurization temperature is important to make smooth films, and to enable integration of TiS2 and related transition metal dichalcogenides—including metastable phases and alloys—into device technology.
Human Oral Motion‐Powered Smart Dental Implant (SDI) for In Situ Ambulatory Photo‐biomodulation Therapy
Authors: Park Moonchul , Islam Sayemul , Kim Hye‐Eun , Korostoff Jonathan , Blatz Markus B. , Hwang Geelsu , Kim Albert
Published: July 2020

Peri‐implant disease is an inflammatory condition affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding a dental implant. However, current preventative methods are insufficient due to the limited bioactivity on the dental implant and poor patient compliance. Recently, photo‐biomodulation (PBM) therapy that can recover and regenerate peri‐implant soft tissue has attracted considerable attention in dentistry. In this paper, a seamless human oral motion‐powered dental implant system (called Smart Dental Implant or SDI) is presented as an ambulatory PBM therapy modality. SDI allows the in situ light delivery, which is enabled by the energy harvesting from dynamic human oral motions (chewing and brushing) via an engineered piezoelectric dental crown, an associated circuit, and micro light emitting diodes (LEDs). The SDI also offers adequate mechanical strength as the clinical standards. Using primary human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) as a model host organism andPseudomonas aeruginosalipopolysaccharides (LPS) as a model inflammatory stimulus, effective SDI‐mediated PBM therapy is demonstrated. A new class of dental implants could be an ambulatory PBM therapy platform for the prevention of peri‐implant disease without patient dependency, warranting long‐lasting dental implants.
Engineered Perineural Vascular Plexus for Modeling Developmental Toxicity
Authors: Kaushik Gaurav , Gupta Kartik , Harms Victoria , Torr Elizabeth , Evans Jonathan , Johnson Hunter J. , Soref Cheryl , Acevedo‐Acevedo Suehelay , Antosiewicz‐Bourget Jessica , Mamott Daniel , Uhl Peyton , Johnson Brian P. , Palecek Sean P. , Beebe David J. , Thomson James A. , Daly William T. , Murphy William L.
Published: July 2020

There is a vital need to develop in vitro models of the developing human brain to recapitulate the biological effects that toxic compounds have on the brain. To model perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) in vitro, which is a key stage in embryonic development, human embryonic stem cells (hESC)‐derived endothelial cells (ECs), neural progenitor cells, and microglia (MG) with primary pericytes (PCs) in synthetic hydrogels in a custom‐designed microfluidics device are cocultured. The formation of a vascular plexus that includes networks of ECs (CD31+, VE‐cadherin+), MG (IBA1+), and PCs (PDGFRβ+), and an overlying neuronal layer that includes differentiated neuronal cells (βIII Tubulin+, GFAP+) and radial glia (Nestin+, Notch2NL+), are characterized. Increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor secretion and differential metabolite secretion by the vascular plexus and the neuronal cells over time are consistent with PNVP functionality. Multiple concentrations of developmental toxicants (teratogens, microglial disruptor, and vascular network disruptors) significantly reduce the migration of ECs and MG toward the neuronal layer, inhibit formation of the vascular network, and decrease vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion. By quantifying 3D cell migration, metabolic activity, vascular network disruption, and cytotoxicity, the PNVP model may be a useful tool to make physiologically relevant predictions of developmental toxicity.
Device Postannealing Enabling over 12% Efficient Solution‐Processed Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells with Cd2+ Substitution
Authors: Su Zhenghua , Liang Guangxing , Fan Ping , Luo Jingting , Zheng Zhuanghao , Xie Zhigao , Wang Wei , Chen Shuo , Hu Juguang , Wei Yadong , Yan Chang , Huang Jialiang , Hao Xiaojing , Liu Fangyang
Published: July 2020

Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 is a promising photovoltaic material containing low‐cost, earth‐abundant, and stable semiconductor elements. However, the highest power conversion efficiency of thin‐film solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 is only about 11% due to low open‐circuit voltage and fill factor mainly caused by antisite defects and unfavorable heterojunction interface. In this work, a postannealing procedure is proposed to complete a Cd‐alloyed Cu2ZnSnS4 device. The postannealing to complete the device significantly enhances the performance of the indium tin oxide and promotes the moderate interdiffusion of elements between the layers in the device. As a result of the diffusion of Cu, Zn, In, and Sn, the interfacial electron and hole densities are improved, leading to the achievement of a suitable band alignment for carrier transport. The postannealing also reduces the interface traps and deep‐level defects, contributing to decreased nonradiative recombination. Therefore, the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor are both improved, and an efficiency over 12% for pure sulfide‐based kesterite thin‐film solar cells is obtained.
Programmable and Thermally Hardening Composite Yarn Actuators with a Wide Range of Operating Temperature
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Zhu Bo , Peng Zehua , Yin Rong , Baughman Ray H. , Tao Xiaoming
Published: July 2020

Actuators have wide applications in intelligent robots, deformable textiles, and wearable devices, wherein the fiber‐based coiled linear actuators are particularly advantageous due to their good flexibility, high stress, and strain. However, their performances have been limited by the employed materials, whose microstructures are not easily designed and controlled. This article proposes a new approach of engineered composite yarns for the actuators. It leads to novel solutions to overcome these difficulties by offering wide design options in material properties and device structures. Here, an engineering design of programmable and thermally‐hardening helical composite yarn actuators (HCYAs) with a wide range of operating temperature is exemplified. Polyimide (PI) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are selected to fabricate HCYAs, achieving tensile actuation of 20.7% under 1.2 MPa from −50 °C to 160 °C and competitive specific work (158.9 J kg‐1, four times of natural muscle). With constant tensile deformation, PI/PDMS HCYA nearly tripled the stress from 20 °C to 100 °C. Moreover, it is surprisingly observed an unusual thermal‐hardening phenomenon that the tensile stiffness of the PI/PDMS HCYAs increases with the rise of temperature. Equipped by electrothermally powered PI/Cu/PDMS HCYAs, robotic hands and pressure‐tunable compressive bandage are demonstrated for their potential applications in robots and wearable devices.
Designing Ordered Structure with Piezoceramic Actuation Units (OSPAU) for Generating Continual Nanostep Motion
Authors: Li Zhanmiao , Gao Xiangyu , Yang Jikun , Xin Xudong , Yi Xingyu , Bian Lang , Dong Shuxiang
Published: July 2020

Continual precision actuations with nanoscale resolution over large ranges have extensive requirements in advanced intelligent manufacturing and precise surgical robots. To produce continual nanostep motion, conventionally, multiple pairs of piezo‐actuators are employed to operate in inchworm principle under complex three‐ or four‐phase timing signal drive. Inspired by the idea of ordered structures with functional units, a much simpler nanostep piezoelectric actuator consisting of (2 × 2) arrayed, cofired multilayer piezoceramic actuation units is developed, which operates in an artificially generated quasi shear mode (AGQSM) that is missing in natural piezoelectric ceramics. Under only one‐phase square‐wave voltage drive, the actuator can produce a stable, continual nanostep motion in two ways at nonresonant frequencies, and the obtained minimum step displacement is as low as 7 nm in open control, indicating its potential application as a precise finger or knife actuator in surgical robots. This work is of great guiding significance for future actuator designs using the methodology of ordered structure with piezoceramic actuation units and AGQSM.