bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe reflux esophagitis after total gastrectomy successfully treated by transposition of the jejunojejunal anastomosis: a report of two cases
Authors: Nishiwaki Noriyuki , Hato Shinji , Kagawa Tetsuya , Kakishita Tomokazu , Nozaki Isao
Published: December 2021

Background

Reflux esophagitis after total gastrectomy is often difficult to treat. In this report, we describe two cases of reflux esophagitis that were refractory to medical therapy and successfully treated by transposition of the jejunojejunal anastomosis.

Case presentation

Case 1: A 66-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy and cholecystectomy for gastric cancer, and Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction was performed. The pathological diagnosis was T4aN3aM0 stage IIIC. Five months later, esophagogastroduodenoscopy identified reflux esophagitis. Although he was treated with various oral medications and was hospitalized six times, he lost 19 kg of weight. Finally, the patient was reoperated 3 years postoperatively. Intraoperative findings showed that there was no evidence of recurrence or severe adhesions that could have caused obstruction, and the anastomotic distance between the esophagojejunostomy and the jejunojejunostomy was approximately 40 cm. The jejunojejunostomy was re-anastomosed to increase the distance to 100 cm. Two years and 6 months after the reoperation, there was no recurrence of reflux esophagitis, and the patient’s weight increased by 14 kg.

Case 2: A 68-year-old woman underwent total gastrectomy and cholecystectomy for gastric cancer, and RY reconstruction was performed. The pathological diagnosis was T4aN0M0 stage IIB. Similar to Case 1, the patient was diagnosed with reflux esophagitis 5 months later. She lost 23 kg of weight and was reoperated at 6 months postoperatively. Intraoperative findings showed that there was no evidence of recurrence or severe adhesions, and transposition of the jejunojejunostomy was performed to increase the distance between anastomoses from 40 to 100 cm. Two years and 8 months after the reoperation, there was no recurrence of reflux esophagitis, and her weight increased by 15 kg.

Conclusions

Transposition of the jejunojejunostomy was an effective treatment for medication-resistant severe reflux esophagitis after total gastrectomy.
Testing a breast cancer prevention and a multiple disease prevention weight loss programme amongst women within the UK NHS breast screening programme—a randomised feasibility study
Authors: Harvie Michelle , French David P. , Pegington Mary , Cooper Grace , Howell Anthony , McDiarmid Sarah , Lombardelli Cheryl , Donnelly Louise , Ruane Helen , Sellers Katharine , Barrett Emma , Armitage Christopher J. , Evans D. Gareth
Published: December 2021

Background

Excess weight and unhealthy behaviours (e.g. sedentariness, high alcohol) are common amongst women including those attending breast screening. These factors increase the risk of breast cancer and other diseases. We tested the feasibility and acceptability of a weight loss/behaviour change programme framed to reduce breast cancer risk (breast cancer prevention programme, BCPP) compared to one framed to reduce risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes (T2D) (multiple disease prevention programme, MDPP).

Methods

Women aged 47-73 years with overweight or obesity (n = 1356) in the NHS Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) were randomised (1:2) to be invited to join a BCPP or a MDPP. The BCPP included personalised information on breast cancer risk and a web and phone weight loss/behaviour change intervention. The MDPP also included an NHS Health Check (lipids, blood pressure, HbA1c and personalised feedback for risk of CVD [QRISK2] and T2D [QDiabetes and HbA1c]). Primary outcomes were uptake and retention and other feasibility outcomes which include intervention fidelity and prevalence of high CVD and T2D risk. Secondary outcomes included change in weight.

Results

The BCPP and MDPP had comparable rates of uptake: 45/508 (9%) vs. 81/848 (10%) and 12-month retention; 33/45 (73%) vs. 53/81 (65%). Both programmes had a high fidelity of delivery with receipt of mean (95% CI) 90 (88-98% of scheduled calls, 91 (86-95%) of scheduled e-mails and 89 (76-102) website entries per woman over the 12-month period. The MDPP identified 15% of women with a previously unknown 10-year CVD QRISK2 of ≥ 10% and 56% with 10-year Qdiabetes risk of ≥ 10%. Both groups experienced good comparable weight loss: BCPP 26/45 (58%) and MDPP 46/81 (57%) with greater than 5% weight loss at 12 months using baseline observation carried forward imputation.

Conclusions

Both programmes appeared feasible. The MDPP identified previously unknown CVD and T2D risk factors but does not appear to increase engagement with behaviour change beyond a standard BCPP amongst women attending breast screening. A future definitive effectiveness trial of BCPP is supported by acceptable uptake and retention, and good weight loss.

Trial registration

ISRCTN91372184, registered 28 September 2014.
The effect of silicone oil tamponade on retinal layers and choroidal thickness in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghanbari Heshmatollah , Kianersi Farzan , Jamshidi Madad Alireza , Dehghani Alireza , Rahimi Alireza , Feizi Awat , Naderi Beni Afsaneh
Published: December 2021

Background

To evaluate the effects of intravitreal silicone oil (SO) on the retinal and choroidal thickness in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods

A literature search was performed in Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Embase, Clinical Key, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Springer, as well as Persian databases, including IranDoc, MagIran, SID, MOH thesis, and MOH articles until June 2020. Two reviewers independently searched and extracted the data.

Results

Sixteen studies (n = 391) met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that the SO tamponade could significantly reduce the central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with RRD as compared to gas tamponade WMD = − 14.91; 95% CI: − 22.23, − 7.60; P < 0.001, I2 = 71%). No significant change was found in CMT between the eye with SO tamponade (after SO removal) and the fellow healthy eye in patients with RRD (WMD = − 3.52; 95% CI: − 17.63, 10.59; I2 = 68.6%). Compared to the preoperative stage, the SO tamponade could significantly reduce the subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with RRD (WMD = − 18.67, 95% CI: − 30.07, − 1.28; I2 = 80.1%). However, there was no significant difference in the subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after SO removal (WMD = − 1.13, 95% CI: − 5.97, 3.71; I2 = 87.6%).

Conclusion

The SO tamponade had a significant effect on the reduction of retinal layers and the subfoveal choroidal thickness.
Characteristics of COVID and post COVID polyneuropathies in adults and pediatrics: an Egyptian sample
Authors: Elshebawy Haidy , Ezzeldin Mohamed Y. , Elzamarany Eman Hassan
Published: December 2021

Background

The aim of this study is to describe the different forms of polyneuropathy associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a secondary neurological complication for (COVID-19) and the outcome from different therapeutic regimens in adults and pediatrics in first and second waves of the pandemic.

Case presentation

This study was conducted on 42 patients, they were divided into two groups, group (A) and group (B) in first and second waves respectively. Twenty-five patients presented by ascending weakness preceded by fever, dry cough and respiratory distress, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction (NC) studies done and confirmed the clinical diagnosis of demyelinating polyneuropathy. Eight patients presented by acute flaccid quadriparesis, more severe in upper limbs preceded by fever and diarrhea diagnosed as acute axonal polyneuropathy. Five patients presented by severe fatigue and progressive weakness of both lower and upper limbs, they developed fever and cough 10 days after the neurological symptoms. EMG and NC done and confirmed clinical diagnosis of polyneuropathy of demyelinating with secondary axonal picture. Four patients presented 30 to 40 days after their recovery form corona virus infection with gradual progressive weakness of both upper and lower limbs over 2 to 3 months duration, mainly the proximal muscles of lower limbs were affected with areflexia. EMG and NC done and confirmed the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

Conclusion

We should gain a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and therapeutic options of polyneuropathies related to COVID-19, which will have an impact on the treatment of the COVID related respiratory failure presenting with neuropathy.
Implementation factors for patient navigation program success: a qualitative study
Authors: Pratt-Chapman Mandi L. , Silber Rachel , Tang Jeffrey , Le Phuong Thao D.
Published: December 2021

Background

Patient navigation (PN) is an evidence-based practice that involves assessing and addressing individual barriers to care for patients. While PN has shown effectiveness in numerous studies, designing successful, sustainable PN programs has remained challenging for many healthcare organizations. The purpose of the present study was to examine implementation factors for successful PN programs to optimize the sustainability of PN services across cancer care settings in the USA.

Methods

Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with PN stakeholders (n=17) from diverse cancer care settings. Thematic content analysis was conducted by deductively coding major themes based on constructs from the Exploration-Preparation-Implementation-Sustainability framework and by inductively coding emergent themes.

Results

Facilitators in the outer context included payer guidelines, accreditation requirements, community partnerships, and demonstrated need and demand for services. Inner context factors such as alignment with organizational and leadership priorities, appropriate staff support and workloads, and relative advantage were important to program success. Innovation characteristics such as the presence of innovation champions, clear role and scope of practice, clear protocols, strong communication channels, and innovation fit were facilitators of program success. Community-Academic partnerships and funding stability also emerged as facilitators for program sustainability.

Conclusion

Our qualitative analysis from a diverse sample of PN stakeholders and programs across the USA supports intentional use of implementation theory to design PN programs to optimize implementation success.
ANGPT1 methylation and delayed cerebral ischemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Liu Dongjing , Arockiaraj Annie I. , Shaffer John R. , Poloyac Samuel M. , Sherwood Paula R. , Alexander Sheila A. , Crago Elizabeth A. , Weeks Daniel E. , Conley Yvette P.
Published: December 2021

Background

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common secondary complication and an important cause of disability and mortality among patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Knowledge on DCI pathogenesis, risk factors, and biomarkers are essential for early detection and improved prognosis. To investigate the role of DNA methylation in DCI risk, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in 68 patients followed up to 1 year after the initial aneurysm rupture. Blood samples were collected within 48 h post hemorrhage and used for DNA methylation profiling at ~ 450k CpG sites. A separate cohort of 175 patients was sequenced for the top CpG sites from the discovery analysis for a replication of the EWAS findings.

Results

EWAS did not identify any epigenome-wide significant CpGs. The top signal, cg18031596, was annotated to ANGPT1, a gene with critical functions in angiogenesis after vascular injury. Post hoc power calculations indicated a well-powered discovery analysis for cg18031596. Analysis of the replication cohort showed that four out of the five CpG sites sequenced at the ANGPT1 locus passed a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold. In a pooled analysis of the entire sample, three out of five yielded a significant p-value, and the top association signal (p-value = 0.004) was seen for a CpG that was not originally measured in the discovery EWAS. However, four ANGPT1 CpG sites had an opposite effect direction in the replication analysis compared to the discovery EWAS, marking a failure of replication. We carefully examined this observed flip in directions and propose several possible explanations in addition to that it was a random chance that ANGPT1 ranked at the top in the discovery EWAS.

Conclusions

We failed to demonstrate a significant and consistent effect of ANGPT1 methylation in DCI risk in two cohorts. Though the replication attempt to weaken the overall support of this gene, given its relevant function and top rank of significance in the EWAS, our results call for future studies of larger aSAH cohorts to determine its relevance for the occurrence of DCI.
Memory and witness testimony: what the psychiatrist cannot know
Authors: Poole Norman A.
Published: December 2021

Psychiatrists called on to assess the reliability of witness testimony in the courts enter an arena fraught with uncertainties. This commentary discusses Commane & Kopelman's exploration of both the ‘normal’ fallibility of memory and disordered memory and considers the unavoidable limitations of their guidance on memory assessment and medico-legal work.
Antidepressant drug treatment protecting from COVID-19: one more piece in the repurposing puzzle
Authors: Stingl Julia C.
Published: December 2021

In the article Analysis of the impact of antidepressants and other medications on COVID-19 infection risk in a chronic psychiatric in-patient cohort, Catherine L. Clelland and colleagues for the first time suggest a protective effect of antidepressants against infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) itself. During the observation period of the first wave of the pandemic in New York, more than 50% of patients in the psychiatric hospital studied were infected. From retrospective analysis of the hospital medical records, the authors found a significantly lower risk for infection in patients with antidepressant medication compared to treatment with other psychiatric drugs. The findings of a reduced infection incidence in patients who were already on antidepressant drug therapy underlines a preventive efficacy of antidepressants against COVID-19. Taken together with the prior obtained data of efficacy against deterioration of COVID-19 disease, this study adds a piece of evidence to the positive benefit-risk of antidepressants in repurposing condition against COVID-19.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A population-based register study
Authors: Dobrosavljevic Maja , Zhang Le , Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Du Rietz Ebba , Andershed Henrik , Chang Zheng , Faraone Stephen , Larsson Henrik
Published: December 2021

Background

Previous research has indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk for dementia, but studies are scarce and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between ADHD, and dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Additionally, we aimed to investigate the impact of comorbid conditions, educational attainment, head injuries, other developmental disorders, and sex on the association.

Methods

The study population consisted of 3,591,689 individuals born between 1932 and 1963, identified from Swedish population-based registers. Cases of ADHD, dementia and MCI were defined according to ICD diagnostic codes and ATC codes for medication prescriptions. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to test the associations between ADHD, and dementia and MCI.

Results

Individuals with ADHD had an increased risk for dementia and MCI. After adjusting for sex and birth year, a hazard ratio (HR) was 2.92 (95% confidence interval 2.40–3.57) for dementia, and 6.21 (5.25–7.35) for MCI. Additional adjustment for psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and bipolar disorder) substantially attenuated the associations, HR = 1.62 (1.32–1.98) for dementia, and 2.54 (2.14–3.01) for MCI. Common metabolic disorders (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity), sleep disorders, head injuries, educational attainment, and other developmental disorders, had a limited impact on the association. The association between ADHD and dementia was stronger in men.

Conclusions

ADHD is a potential risk factor for dementia and MCI, although the risk significantly attenuates after controlling for psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore underlying mechanisms of the associations.
Secretin Stimulation Test and Early Diagnosis of Gastrinoma in MEN1 Syndrome: Survey on the MEN1 Florentine Database
Authors: Giusti Francesca , Cioppi Federica , Fossi Caterina , Marini Francesca , Masi Laura , Tonelli Francesco , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: December 2021

Context

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare inherited endocrine cancer syndrome. Multiple gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) affect 30% to 80% of MEN1 patients, with the most common functioning GEP-NET being gastrinoma. Biochemical identification of hypergastrinemia may help to recognize the presence of gastrinomas before they are detectable by instrumental screening, enabling early diagnosis and start of therapy, preferably before tumor progression and metastases occurrence.

Objective

Evaluate the effectiveness of secretin stimulation test to precociously diagnose the presence of gastrin-secreting tumors.

Design

Results of secretin stimulation tests, performed between 1991 and February 2020, were retrospectively analyzed, as aggregate, in a cohort of MEN1 patients with GEP-NETs.

Setting

Data were extracted from the MEN1 Florentine database.

Patients

The study included 72 MEN1 patients with GEP-NETs who underwent a secretin stimulation test for the evaluation of gastrin secretion.

Outcomes

A positive secretin stimulation test was assumed with a difference between basal fasting serum gastrin (FSG) and the maximum stimulated value of gastrin over 120 pg/mL.

Results

The secretin stimulation test showed a secretin-induced hypergastrinemia in 27.8% (20/72) of patients with GEP-NETs, and a positive test in 18 cases. The test allowed the identification of a positively stimulated hypergastrinemia in 75.0% (3/4) of patients who presented a basal FSG within the normal range.

Conclusions

Diagnosis of gastrinoma is complex, difficult, and controversial. Results of this study confirm that a positive secretin stimulation test allows early diagnosis of gastrinomas, even in the presence of borderline or normal levels of nonstimulated FSG.
Pressure-Regulated Ventilator Splitting for Disaster Relief: Design, Testing, and Clinical Experience
Authors: Raredon Micha Sam Brickman , Fisher Clark , Heerdt Paul M. , Schonberger Robert B. , Nargi Alyssa , Nivison Steven , Fajardo Elaine , Deshpande Ranjit , Akhtar Shamsuddin , Greaney Allison M. , Belter Joseph , Raredon Thomas , Zinter Joseph , McKee Andrew , Michalski Mark , Baevova Pavlina , Niklason Laura E.
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed that even the best-resourced hospitals may lack sufficient ventilators to support patients under surge conditions. During a pandemic or mass trauma, an affordable, low-maintenance, off-the-shelf device that would allow health care teams to rapidly expand their ventilator capacity could prove lifesaving, but only if it can be safely integrated into a complex and rapidly changing clinical environment. Here, we define an approach to safe ventilator sharing that prioritizes predictable and independent care of patients sharing a ventilator. Subsequently, we detail the design and testing of a ventilator-splitting circuit that follows this approach and describe our clinical experience with this circuit during the COVID-19 pandemic. This circuit was able to provide individualized and titratable ventilatory support with individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to 2 critically ill patients at the same time, while insulating each patient from changes in the other’s condition. We share insights from our experience using this technology in the intensive care unit and outline recommendations for future clinical applications.
Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency: A Balancing Act of Perioperative Hemostasis and Thromboprophylaxis—A Case Report
Authors: VanDyck Kofi , Dunn Ian F. , Yates Cooper , Robbs Christopher , Tanaka Kenichi A.
Published: December 2021

Hereditary deficiency of antithrombin (AT) is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially under the circumstances of stress, vascular injury, and immobilization associated with surgery. To date, there is no consensus on the use of perioperative anticoagulant bridging in the setting of hereditary thrombophilia. Balancing hemorrhagic and thrombotic risks associated with anticoagulant bridging and AT deficiency can be challenging to perioperative physicians. We present a case of a 65-year-old woman with inherited AT deficiency with history of multiple VTEs who was admitted for presurgical anticoagulant bridging before microvascular decompression craniotomy for trigeminal neuralgia.
Search for resonnances in diJet and multijet events from proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC
Authors: Διαμαντοπούλου Μελπομένη-Μαγδαληνή
Published: December 2021

Στην διατριβή αυτή μελετάμε την αναζήτηση φυσικής πέραν του Καθιερωμένου Προτύπου, σε γεγονότα με αδρονικούς πίδακες στη τελική κατάσταση, χρησιμοποιώντας τα δεδομένα του πειράματος CMS από συγκρούσεις πρωτονίου-πρωτονίου με ενέργεια κέντρου μάζας στα 13 TeV. Στο πρώτο μέρος παρουσιάζουμε την ερευνα για αναζήτηση συντονισμών χρησιμοποιώντας γεγονότα με δύο αδρονικούς πίδακες στη τελική κατάσταση, μελετώντας το φάσμα της αναλλοίωτης μάζας τους χρησιμοποιώντας παραμετρικές μεθόδους για την περιγραφή της. Εν συνεχεία παρουσιάζουμε την τρέχουσα ανάλυση που αφορά στην αναζήτηση νέας φυσικής σε γεγονότα με τέσσερις αδρονικούς πίδακες στην τελική κατάσταση, ανά δύο προερχόμενοι από πιθανό νέο συντονισμό, που πραγματοποιείται για πρώτη φορά στον LHC. Αφορμή για την αναζήτηση αυτή έχει σταθεί το γεγονός με την υψηλότερη αναλλοίωτη μάζα στην πρώτη ανάλυση, που έχει χαμηλή πιθανότητα να προέρχεται από το κύριο υπόβαθρο της Κβαντικής Χρωμοδυναμικής. Και για τις δύο αναλύσεις, παρουσιάζουμε λεπτομερείς μελέτες της ποιότητας των συλλεγόμενων δεδομένων και της σταθερότητάς τους σαν συνάρτηση του χρόνου, καθώς και μελέτες για τον προσδιορισμό της απόδοσης του σκανδαλισμού. Μετά παρουσιάζουμε την βελτιστοποίηση των κριτηρίων επιλογής σήματος. Στην συνέχεια παρουσιάζουμε την εκτίμηση του κύριου υποβάθρου και των συστηματικών του αβεβαιοτήτων από τα πραγματικά δεδομένα μέσω προσαρμογών με χρήση εμπειρικών συναρτήσεων. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίδεται στις υψηλές μάζες (> 8 ΤeV) συντονισμών, που παρατηρείται και περίσσεια δεδομένων σε σχέση με την πρόβλεψη από το καθιερωμένο πρότυπο. Τα τελικά αποτελέσματα περιλαμβάνουν την εξαγωγή ανώτερων ορίων στην διαφορική ενεργό διατομή παραγωγής νέων σωματιδίων, αλλά και στην μάζα και την σταθερά σύζευξής τους χρησιμοποιώντας πλειάδα μοντέλων νέας φυσικής. Επιπρόσθετα, προσδιορίζονται και οι σημαντικότητες (τοπική και ολική) όπου παρατηρείται περίσσεια δεδομένων σε σχέση με την πρόβλεψη από το Καθιερωμένο Πρότυπο. Παράλληλα με την ανάλυση φυσικής, παρουσιάζουμε αποτελέσματα σχετικά με τη διόρθωση της ενέργειας των αδρονικών καταιγισμών όλων των διαφορετικών τύπων, οι οποίες χρησιμοποιούνται από όλες τις αναλύσεις του πειράματος. Τέλος, δίνουμε την σύνοψη αλλά και τις δυνατότητες αυτών των αναζητήσεων με τα δεδομένα που αναμένονται για στην Run III (2022-2025) και τo High Luminosity LHC (2025-onwards).
KinderMiner Web: a simple web tool for ranking pairwise associations in biomedical applications
Authors: Kuusisto Finn , Ng Daniel , Steill John , Ross Ian , Livny Miron , Thomson James , Page David , Stewart Ron
Published: December 2021

Many important scientific discoveries require lengthy experimental processes of trial and error and could benefit from intelligent prioritization based on deep domain understanding. While exponential growth in the scientific literature makes it difficult to keep current in even a single domain, that same rapid growth in literature also presents an opportunity for automated extraction of knowledge via text mining. We have developed a web application implementation of the KinderMiner algorithm for proposing ranked associations between a list of target terms and a key phrase. Any key phrase and target term list can be used for biomedical inquiry. We built the web application around a text index derived from PubMed. It is the first publicly available implementation of the algorithm, is fast and easy to use, and includes an interactive analysis tool. The KinderMiner web application is a public resource offering scientists a cohesive summary of what is currently known about a particular topic within the literature, and helping them to prioritize experiments around that topic. It performs comparably or better to similar state-of-the-art text mining tools, is more flexible, and can be applied to any biomedical topic of interest. It is also continually improving with quarterly updates to the underlying text index and through response to suggestions from the community. The web application is available at https://www.kinderminer.org.
Protocol for an exploratory, longitudinal single case study of a novel palliative care rehabilitative service
Authors: Ní Chéileachair Fódhla N. , Johnston Bridget M. , Payne Cathy , Cahill Fiona , Mannion Lisa , McGirr Lisa , Ryan Karen
Published: December 2021

Background: Early access to rehabilitation can improve quality of life for those with life-limiting illnesses and is highlighted as a core component of the Adult Palliative Care Services Model of Care for Ireland. Despite this, palliative rehabilitation remains under-utilised and under-developed. In 2020, the Sláintecare Integration Fund provided opportunity to pilot a novel rehabilitative palliative care service, “Palliat Rehab”. This protocol proposes a case study, which aims to advance understanding of the form, content, and delivery of the pilot service.

Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, mixed-methods, case study design will be used to describe the service and to explore the experiences of patients, informal carers and clinicians. Additionally, data collection instruments will be tested and the utility of outcome measures will be examined. Data will be collected from documentary, survey, and interview sources.

Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics, including chi-square tests for categorical variables, Mann-Whitney U tests for ordinal data, and t-tests/ ANOVA for continuous data. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis.

Conclusions: New pathways are required to advance service provision to ensure that patients receive the ‘right care, in the right place, at the right time’. The development of ‘‘Palliat Rehab’’ offers opportunity to study an innovative service and consider its potential contribution to the achievement of Sláintecare goals. Investigating the service within its environmental context will lead to a better understanding of ‘how’ and ‘why’ things happen. Findings will be of value in assessing whether there is evidence that supports the service, and will be used to inform efforts to further develop and tailor the intervention.
Government plans in the 2016 and 2021 Peruvian presidential elections: A natural language processing analysis of the health chapters
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Lovón-Melgarejo Jesús
Published: December 2021

Background:While clinical medicine has exploded, electronic health records for Natural Language Processing (NLP) analyses, public health, and health policy research have not yet adopted these algorithms. We aimed to dissect the health chapters of the government plans of the 2016 and 2021 Peruvian presidential elections, and to compare different NLP algorithms.

Methods:From the government plans (18 in 2016; 19 in 2021) we extracted each sentence from the health chapters. We used five NLP algorithms to extract keywords and phrases from each plan: Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), TextRank, Keywords Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (KeyBERT), and Rapid Automatic Keywords Extraction (Rake).

Results:In 2016 we analysed 630 sentences, whereas in 2021 there were 1,685 sentences. The TF-IDF algorithm showed that in 2016, 22 terms appeared with a frequency of 0.05 or greater, while in 2021 27 terms met this criterion. The LDA algorithm defined two groups. The first included terms related to things the population would receive (e.g., ’insurance’), while the second included terms about the health system (e.g., ’capacity’). In 2021, most of the government plans belonged to the second group. The TextRank analysis provided keywords showing that ’universal health coverage’ appeared frequently in 2016, while in 2021 keywords about the COVID-19 pandemic were often found. The KeyBERT algorithm provided keywords based on the context of the text. These keywords identified some underlying characteristics of the political party (e.g., political spectrum such as left-wing). The Rake algorithm delivered phrases, in which we found ’universal health coverage’ in 2016 and 2021.

Conclusion:The NLP analysis could be used to inform on the underlying priorities in each government plan. NLP analysis could also be included in research of health policies and politics during general elections and provide informative summaries for the general population.
Lutsi speakers and rememberers in the late 20th and early 21st centuries
Authors: Balodis Uldis
Published: December 2021

This article describes the language of the last speakers of Lutsi as well as their family background and the sources of their language knowledge, in order to show the paths by which Lutsi language knowledge – even if only of a fragmentary sort – has survived up to the present day. The language knowledge of these last speakers is described using observations taken from the field notes and memories of other researchers as well as from my own encounters with them. This information is placed in a historical and regional context by providing a detailed overview of the historical extent of the Lutsi community, theories about Lutsi origins and how this connects with the memory of Lutsi families and observed language variation within the Lutsi speech area, changes in Lutsi speaker numbers and language use, and the history of Lutsi documentation and the observations of the researchers who documented them.

Kokkuvõte. Uldis Balodis: Lutsi keele kõnelejad ja mäletajad 20. ja 21. sajandi vahetusel. Lutsi keelt räägiti mitu sajandit Kagu-Lätis Ludza linna ümbritsevates valdades ja külades. Lutsi keel ja kultuur said tähtsaks osaks nii Latgali kui ka kogu Läti kultuuriajaloost. Lutsi keel on ühendanud Eestit ja Lätit ning saanud nende ühise pärandi sümboliks. Selle artikli esimeses osas kirjeldatakse lutsi keele uurijate (Oskar Kallas, Heikki Ojansuu, Paulopriit Voolaine, August Sang) mälestusi ja tähelepanekuid ajast, kui seda keelt veel räägiti igapäevaselt. Artikli teises osas antakse ülevaate Põlda valla Jaani küla Nikonovide perekonnast, kes olid viimaseid lutsi keele oskajaid. Samuti vaadeldakse viimaseid lutsi keelepärandi kandjaid tänapäeval – nn mäletajaid –, käsitledes nii nende elulugusid kui ka teadmisi lutsi keelest.

Kokkovyteq Lutsi kielehn. Uldis Balodis: Lutsi kiele kynelejaq ni mälehäjäq 20. ni 21. sā-āstaga vaihtusel. Mitu sā-āstakka kyneldi lutsi kīlt Ludzi ümbre valdohn ni küllihn. Lutsi kīļ um nī Lätkalihn ku kaq kȳ Lätihn kultūri aolū tähtsä oza. Lutsi kīļ um kaq tähtsä köüdüs Läti ni Ēstimā vaihel ni noide ütidze perändüze tunnismärķ. Sjōl kirotuzel um katș ossa. Edimädzehn ozahn ma selledä lutsi kiele ūŗjide (Oskar Kallas, Heikki Ojansuu, Paulopriit Voolaine, August Sang) mälehüizi ni tähelepandmizi aost, ku tūd kīlt vīl egä päiv kyneldi. Tȳz̦ ehn ozahn tī ülekaehuze Pylda valla Jāni külä Nikonovi perrest, kohn elliq perämädze lutsi kiele myistjaq. Ma ka kynele perämädzist Lutsi inemizist tǟmbädzel pǟväl – nm mälehäjidest –, kiä viļ tīdväq veidüq lutsi kīlt, ni kaq noide elolūst ni kiele tīdmizest.
The Russian Far East: from a depressed region to the territory of the future
Authors: Nikolaychuk Ol'ga
Published: December 2021

The monograph presents the search for solutions to the problems of the Far Eastern region. The proximity of China and the remoteness from the center of Russia make us look for effective measures to overcome the problems of settling the Far East in the context of sustainable economic development of modern Russia. The paper analyzes the problems of the Far East: in industry, agriculture, forestry, energy problems, environmental problems, and provides recommendations for their solution. Considerable attention is paid to migration problems. The experience of China is studied through the prism of bilateral cooperation with Russia.
It is intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers dealing with issues of macroeconomic regulation and forecasting.
Sociocultural Functional Literacy As a Planned Learning Outcome of a Primary Schoolchild
Authors: Fedorova N.
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the problem of the formation of socio-cultural literacy in a junior schoolchild, which is considered as the planned result

of his education in primary school. The characteristic of the concept of “socio-cultural literacy” is given, the difficulties of the formation of its

individual components are discussed: civic identity; legal and financial culture; tolerance, etc. The examples of methods and techniques aimed at the development of socio-cultural literacy are given, the expediency of using different forms of organization of education is revealed, which contributes to the formation of the ability of primary schoolchildren to constructively build relationships in children’s society and successfully interact.
Interaction between long-period ULF waves and charged particle in the magnetosphere: theory and observations (overview)
Authors: Klimushkin Dmitri , Mager Pavel , Chelpanov Maksim , Kostarev Danila
Published: December 2021

The paper reviews the current state of the problem of interaction between long-period ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves and high-energy particles. We consider elements of the theory of energy exchange between waves and particles, particle transport across magnetic shells under the influence of the electromagnetic field of a wave, the acceleration of radiation belt particles by both resonant and non-resonant mechanisms. We examine the mechanisms of generation of azimuthally-small-scale ULF waves due to instabilities arising from the wave–particle resonance. The cases of Alfvén, drift-compressional, and drift-mirror waves are analyzed. It is noted that due to the lack of a detailed theory of drift-mirror modes, the possibility of their existence in the magnetosphere cannot be taken as a proven fact. We summarize experimental data on the poloidal and compression ULF waves generated by unstable populations of high-energy particles. We investigate the mechanisms of modulation of energetic particle fluxes by ULF waves and possible observational manifestations of such modulation. Methods of studying the structure of waves across magnetic shells by recording fluxes of resonant particles with a finite Larmor radius are discussed.
Comparison of ground-based and satellite data on spatiotemporal distribution of lightning discharges under solar minimum
Authors: Denisenko Valery , Lyakhov Andrey
Published: December 2021

Worldwide maps of lightning activity have been obtained from the ground-based World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) for 2007–2009. We have compiled these maps separately for different seasons and UT periods, using WWLLN data on the time and coordinates of each of the recorded lightning. The total number of flashes of lightning in WWLLN data is by an order of magnitude smaller than in satellite data from Optical Transient Detector and the Lightning Imaging Sensor satellites. However, the key features of the spatial distribution and seasonal trends coincide well. The main difference observed is the absence of diurnal variation (similar to Carnegie curve) in WWLLN data against the satellite one. This concerns the global lightning number as well as its density in major thunderstorm regions. The solar local time dependence is also weak in WWLLN data. We show that in 2007–2009 the mean latitude of lightning observation is shifted to the summer hemisphere up to 10° from the annual mean value. From the beginning of 2007 to the end of 2009, the global monthly average number of flashes of lightning increased threefold. We attribute this fact primarily to improved processing techniques in WWLLN. The constructed maps are necessary for numerical simulation of the Global Electric Circuit.
Features of short-period variability of total electron content at high and middle latitudes
Authors: Yasyukevich Anna
Published: December 2021

The study presents the results of comparative analysis of features of a short-period (with periods of internal gravity waves) variability of total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere at middle (Novosibirsk) and high (Norilsk) latitudes over a long period of time (2003–2020). The period analyzed makes it possible to estimate not only diurnal and seasonal variations in the variability, but also its changes within the solar activity cycle. The level of TEC variability is shown to experience pronounced seasonal variations with maxima in winter months. The difference between the level of variability in winter and summer is about two times for Novosibirsk and up to seven times for Norilsk. The variability features a distinct diurnal variation; however, the diurnal dependence at the mid- and high-latitude stations differs significantly. At high latitudes, the level of variability in the winter period strictly depends on solar activity. For the mid-latitude station, there is no clear dependence of variability level on solar activity; in the years of solar maximum, on the contrary, a slight decrease in the variability is observed. In summer, the level of variability at both middle and high latitudes remains practically unchanged and does not depend on solar activity. The main features in the dynamics of variability are shown to be similar at stations located at other longitudes, except for the East American sector. The result obtained suggests that the short-period TEC variability at high latitudes is primarily related to changes in solar activity, but regular variations in the variability at midlatitudes are probably not associated with heliophysical activity. The observed increase in the level of short-period variability in the winter mid-latitude ionosphere is assumed to be related to an increase in wave activity in the stratosphere.
Calibration of Siberian Radioheliograph antenna gains using redundancy
Authors: Globa Mariia , Lesovoi Sergey
Published: December 2021

The paper describes application of standard gain calibration using redundancy for a 48-antenna prototype of Siberian Radioheliograph. Traditionally, for calibration, the visibilities were measured only between adjacent antennas since they have the highest signal-to-noise ratio and are sufficient for phase calibration. We have shown that this limited set of visibilities did not allow using the antenna array redundancy potential and obtaining images with a high dynamic range on a permanent basis. Images without amplitude calibration contain many artifacts and require special care when analyzed. The inclusion of visibility measurement between antennas with a double step made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of solving the system of equations for amplitudes. Images constructed using both phase and amplitude calibrations do not have visible artifacts and are more reliable.
‘To kill harmless cattle': Animal Victims and The Witch of Edmonton
Authors: Hand Molly
Published: December 2021

The Witch of Edmonton (1621) is often viewed as a sceptical portrayal of witchcraft that offers a sympathetic view of the accused, but its accurate depiction of animal victims in events leading to accusations remains overlooked. This essay argues that witchcraft in early modern England was largely an animal crime. Following its source text, Henry Goodcole’s The Wonderfull Discoverie of Elizabeth Sawyer, A Witch (1621), and earlier prose accounts, The Witch of Edmonton illustrates the centrality of human-animal relations to the gendered dynamics and discourse of early modern witchcraft.
Decoding Misfortunes: Advice to Elizabeth I and Her Subjects
Authors: Wallace Lorna
Published: December 2021

This article positions Misfortunes within the context of drama and literature offered as counsel. Such contextualization demonstrates that the play drew upon Senecan drama, mirror for princes texts, and the Inns play Gorboduc in order to more authoritatively offer counsel about counsel itself to Elizabeth I, her court, and readers of the play in print. Considering both Misfortunes’s wider circulation in print and in a recent performance by The Dolphin’s Back, this article argues that the play’s counsel had value beyond its application to the queen. We can fully decode the play’s political messages only by looking across these different contexts.
Tone at the Bottom: Measuring Corporate Misconduct Risk from the Text of Employee Reviews
Authors: Campbell Dennis W. , Shang Ruidi
Published: December 2021

This paper examines whether information extracted via text-based statistical methods applied to employee reviews left on the website Glassdoor.com can be used to develop indicators of corporate misconduct risk. We argue that inside information on the incidence of misconduct as well as the control environments and broader organizational cultures that contribute to its occurrence are likely to be widespread among employees and to be reflected in the text of these reviews. Our results show that information extracted from such text can be used to develop measures with useful properties for measuring misconduct risk. Specifically, the measures we develop clearly discriminate between high- and low-misconduct-risk firms and improve out-of-sample predictions of realized misconduct risk above and beyond other readily observable characteristics, such as Glassdoor firm ratings, firm size, performance, industry risk, violation history, and press coverage. We provide further evidence on the efficacy of our text-based measures of misconduct risk by showing that they are associated with future employee whistleblower complaints even after controlling for these same observable characteristics.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Coordination of Multiechelon Supply Chains Using the Guaranteed Service Framework
Authors: Schoenmeyr Tor , Graves Stephen C.
Published: December 2021

Problem definition: We use the guaranteed service (GS) framework to investigate how to coordinate a multiechelon supply chain when two self-interested parties control different parts of the supply chain. For purposes of supply chain planning, we assume that each stage in a supply chain operates with a local base-stock policy and can provide guaranteed service to its customers, as long as the customer demand falls within certain bounds. Academic/practical relevance: The GS framework for supply chain inventory optimization has been deployed successfully in multiple industrial contexts with centralized control. In this paper, we show how to apply this framework to achieve coordination in a decentralized setting in which two parties control different parts of the supply chain. Methodology: The primary methodology is the analysis of a multiechelon supply chain under the assumptions of the GS model. Results: We find that the GS framework is naturally well suited for this decentralized decision making, and we propose a specific contract structure that facilitates such relationships. This contract is incentive compatible and has several other desirable properties. Under assumptions of complete and incomplete information, a reasonable negotiation process should lead the parties to contract terms that coordinate the supply chain. The contract is simpler than contracts proposed for coordination in the stochastic service (SS) framework. We also highlight the role of markup on the holding costs and some of the difficulties that this might cause in coordinating a decentralized supply chain. Managerial implications: The value from the paper is to show that a simple contract coordinates the chain when both parties plan with a GS model and framework; hence, we provide more evidence for the utility of this model. Furthermore, the simple coordinating contract matches reasonably well with practice; we observe that the most common contract terms include a per-unit wholesale price (possibly with a minimum order quantity and/or quantity discounts), along with a service time from order placement until delivery or until ready to ship. We also observe that firms need to pay a higher price if they want better service. What may differ from practice is the contract provision of a demand bound; our contract specifies that the supplier will provide GS as long as the buyer’s order are within the agreed on demand bound. This provision is essential so that each party can apply the GS framework for planning their supply chain. Of course, contracts have many other provisions for handling exceptions. Nevertheless, our research provides some validation for the GS model and the contracting practices we observe in practice.
O CONTO DE FORMAÇÃO COMO SUBGÊNERO AUTOFICCIONAL EM KATHERINE MANSFIELD E CLARICE LISPECTOR
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Edson
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo focaliza a possibilidade do conto de formação como subgênero, tomando como paradigmas os contos “A casa de bonecas”, de Katherine Mansfield, e “Felicidade clandestina”, de Clarice Lispector. Esses contos são observados como obras autoficcionais, por se inserirem em um gênero ficcional, mas evidenciarem sua natureza autobiográfica. A noção de Bildung aparece neles e, de modo geral, no subgênero como crise que resulta em aprendizado. Teóricos como Lejeune, Searle, Doubrovsky, Alberca, Klinger e Puga servem como base para os conceitos que evidenciam a natureza formadora e autoficcional desses contos.
Recurrent urinary tract infections in adults: a practical guide
Authors: Hughes Thomas , Juliebø-Jones Patrick , Saada Louis , Saeed Kordo , Somani Bhaskar K
Published: December 2021

Recurrent urinary tract infections are a common problem faced by clinicians across many specialities. For the patient, recurrent urinary tract infections can be burdensome and detrimental to their quality of life. For the clinician, they can be challenging to manage, and the socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems can also be substantial. Investigations serve to rule out any underlying structural or pathological abnormalities. In conjunction with behavioural prevention methods, treatment strategies include antibiotic and non-antibiotic approaches and holistic management approaches. This article provides an overview of the investigation and treatment of urinary tract infections and includes algorithms which can be used in daily clinical practice.
First detailed records of Ledra aurita (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) from Greece
Authors: DAVRANOGLOU LEONIDAS-ROMANOS , KARAOUZAS IOANNIS
Published: December 2021

Detailed distribution records of the remarkable Eared Leafhopper Ledra aurita from Greece are presented for the first time. All available records from museum and personal collections, as well as online arthropod identification groups were assembled and mapped. The distribution and ecology of the species in the country are briefly discussed.