bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uterus and cervix anatomical changes and cervix stiffness evolution throughout pregnancy
Authors: Louwagie Erin M. , Russell Serena R. , Hairston Jacqueline C. , Nottman Claire , Nhan-Chang Chia-Ling , Fuchs Karin , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Booker Whitney , Andrikopoulou Maria , Friedman Alexander , Zork Noelia , Wapner Ronald , Vink Joy , Mourad Mirella , Feltovich Helen M. , House Michael D. , Myers Kristin M.
Published: May 2024

The coordinated biomechanical performance, such as uterine stretch and cervical barrier function, within maternal reproductive tissues facilitates healthy human pregnancy and birth. Quantifying normal biomechanical function and detecting potentially detrimental biomechanical dysfunction (e.g., cervical insufficiency, uterine overdistention, premature rupture of membranes) is difficult, largely due to minimal data on the shape and size of maternal anatomy and material properties of tissue across gestation. This study quantitates key structural features of human pregnancy to fill this knowledge gap and facilitate three-dimensional modeling for biomechanical pregnancy simulations to deeply explore pregnancy and childbirth. These measurements include the longitudinal assessment of uterine and cervical dimensions, fetal weight, and cervical stiffness in 47 low-risk pregnancies at four time points during gestation (late first, middle second, late second, and middle third trimesters). The uterine and cervical size were measured via 2-dimensional ultrasound, and cervical stiffness was measured via cervical aspiration. Trends in uterine and cervical measurements were assessed as time-course slopes across pregnancy and between gestational time points, accounting for specific participants. Patient-specific computational solid models of the uterus and cervix, generated from the ultrasonic measurements, were used to estimate deformed uterocervical volume. Results show that for this low-risk cohort, the uterus grows fastest in the inferior-superior direction from the late first to middle second trimester and fastest in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction between the middle and late second trimester. Contemporaneously, the cervix softens and shortens. It softens fastest from the late first to the middle second trimester and shortens fastest between the late second and middle third trimester. Alongside the fetal weight estimated from ultrasonic measurements, this work presents holistic maternal and fetal patient-specific biomechanical measurements across gestation.
Predicting immune checkpoint therapy response in three independent metastatic melanoma cohorts
Authors: Szadai Leticia , Bartha Aron , Parada Indira Pla , Lakatos Alexandra , Pál Dorottya , Lengyel Anna Sára , Almeida Natália Pinto de , Jánosi Ágnes Judit , Nogueira Fábio , Szeitz Beata , Doma Viktória , Woldmar Nicole , Guedes Jéssica , Ujfaludi Zsuzsanna , Pahi Zoltán Gábor , Pankotai Tibor , Kim Yonghyo , Győrffy Balázs , Baldetorp Bo , Welinder Charlotte , Szasz A. Marcell , Betancourt Lazaro , Gil Jeovanis , Appelqvist Roger , Kwon Ho-Jeong , Kárpáti Sarolta , Kuras Magdalena , Murillo Jimmy Rodriguez , Németh István Balázs , Malm Johan , Fenyö David , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Horvatovich Peter , Wieslander Elisabet , Kemény Lajos V. , Domont Gilberto , MarkoVarga György , Sanchez Aniel
Published: May 2024

While Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy shows significant efficacy in metastatic melanoma, only about 50% respond, lacking reliable predictive methods. We introduce a panel of six proteins aimed at predicting response to ICI therapy. Evaluating previously reported proteins in two untreated melanoma cohorts, we used a published predictive model (EaSIeR score) to identify potential proteins distinguishing responders and non-responders. Six proteins initially identified in the ICI cohort correlated with predicted response in the untreated cohort. Additionally, three proteins correlated with patient survival, both at the protein, and at the transcript levels, in an independent immunotherapy treated cohort. Our study identifies predictive biomarkers across three melanoma cohorts, suggesting their use in therapeutic decision-making.

Abstract Figure
Computational modelling of specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor inhibition on the TREK-2 channel
Authors: Pratueangsukpong Narawit , Pipatpolkai Tanadet
Published: May 2024

The TREK-2 is a mechanosensitive potassium channel in the two-pore (K2P) potassium channel subfamily. Recent studies of the TREK-2 channel with norfluoxetine reveal that norfluoxetine stabilises a conformation with a lower open probability and disrupts channel gating through a selectivity filter. In addition, multiple specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have previously been shown to inhibit the TREK channels subfamily. However, the mechanism of lipid-like SSRI inhibition to the TREK-2 channel is currently unclear. Using molecular dynamic simulation, we show that fluoxetine and escitalopram share the same binding pocket on the TREK-2 channel. We show that fluoxetine inhibits the TREK-2 channel using POPC lipid and directly disrupts the channel gating at the selectivity filter, while escitalopram is a traditional pore blocker, which also disrupts the selectivity filter gating but without POPC dependent inhibition. In addition, we show that both fluoxetine and escitalopram prevent a down-to-up transition when the pressure is applied to the system, showing a conserved mechanism of TREK-2 inhibition. Together, our work reveals mechanistic insight into TREK-2 channel inhibition by lipid-like antidepressants, which could further shed light on rational drug design in the future.
Tuning ice thickness using the chameleon for high-quality cryoEM data collection
Authors: McGuire Kelly L. , Cook Brian D. , Narehood Sarah M. , Herzik Mark A.
Published: May 2024

Advances in single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) now allow for routine structure determination of well-behaved biological specimens to high-resolution. Despite advances in the electron microscope, direct electron detectors, and data processing software, the preparation of high-quality grids with thin layers of vitreous ice containing the specimen of interest in random orientations remains a critical bottleneck for many projects. Although numerous efforts have been dedicated to overcoming hurdles frequently encountered during specimen vitrification using traditional blot-and-plunge specimen preparation techniques, the development of blot-free grid preparation devices provide a unique opportunity to carefully tune ice thickness, particle density, and specimen behavior during the vitrification process for improvements in image quality. Here, we describe critical steps of high-quality grid preparation using a SPT Labtech chameleon, evaluation of grid quality/ice thickness using the chameleon software, high-throughput imaging in the electron microscope, and recommend steps for troubleshooting grid preparation when standard parameters fail to yield suitable specimen.

Video Link

Contents of this manuscript are available as a video tutorial. This video can be foundhere
PAM-free diagnostics with diverse type V CRISPR-Cas systems
Authors: Rananaware Santosh R. , Meister Katelyn S. , Shoemaker Grace M. , Vesco Emma K. , Sandoval Luke Samuel W. , Lewis Jordan G. , Bodin August P. , Karalkar Vedant N. , Lange Ian H. , Pizzano Brianna Lauren Maria , Chang Minji , Ahmadimashhadi M. Reza , Flannery Sarah J. , Nguyen Long. T. , Wang Gary P. , Jain Piyush K.
Published: May 2024

Type V CRISPR-Cas effectors have revolutionized molecular diagnostics by facilitating the detection of nucleic acid biomarkers. However, their dependence on the presence of protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sites on the target double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) greatly limits their flexibility as diagnostic tools. Here we present a novel method named PICNIC that solves the PAM problem for CRISPR-based diagnostics with just a simple ∼10-min modification to contemporary CRISPR-detection protocols. Our method involves the separation of dsDNA into individual single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) strands through a high- temperature and high-pH treatment. We then detect the released ssDNA strands with diverse Cas12 enzymes in a PAM-free manner. We show the utility of PICNIC by successfully applying it for PAM-free detection with three different subtypes of the Cas12 family- Cas12a, Cas12b, and Cas12i. Notably, by combining PICNIC with a truncated 15-nucleotide spacer containing crRNA, we demonstrate PAM-independent detection of clinically important single- nucleotide polymorphisms with CRISPR. We apply this approach to detect the presence of a drug-resistant variant of HIV-1, specifically the K103N mutant, that lacks a PAM site in the vicinity of the mutation. Additionally, we successfully translate our approach to clinical samples by detecting and genotyping HCV-1a and HCV-1b variants with 100% specificity at a PAM-less site within the HCV genome. In summary, PICNIC is a simple yet groundbreaking method that enhances the flexibility and precision of CRISPR-Cas12-based diagnostics by eliminating the restriction of the PAM sequence.
The cost of sponsored research at institutions of higher learning in low- and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kulanga Ahaz T. , Kapanda Gibson E. , Bartlett John A. , Muiruri Charles , de Jong Stef
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is challenged with poor investment by both in-country governments and philanthropies. Although research grants cover costs directly associated with specific research projects, they do not fully cover costs that are indirectly attributable to specific projects. The relationship between grant funding and actual cost of paying for such projects at institutions of higher learning (IHL) in LMICs is poorly understood. Our purpose was to evaluate unaccounted costs associated with grants and explore the system level factors that support or hinder the goal of “breaking even”.

Materials and methods

We used a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional design to evaluate unaccounted costs and qualitative interviews with stakeholders at three prominent medical universities in Tanzania. Data were obtained from annual audited Final Reports and Final Financial Reports for biomedical and social and behavioral sciences (non-biomedical) sponsored projects funded from 2007 through 2017.

Findings

A total of 17 projects were included in the study, of which 6 (35.3%) were biomedical and 11 (64.7%) non-biomedical. The median total amount of project funding for all biomedical research projects was US$ 544,084; interquartile range (IQR) [89,268-1,226,570]. These projects had median unaccounted costs of US$ 186,403 (IQR) [30,583– 420,223]. The median funding for non-biomedical sponsored research projects was US$ 902,999 (IQR) [468,259–1,951,212] and unaccounted costs were US$ 112,875 (IQR) [58,532–243,902]. 27 faculty and staff at study sites participated in interviews. Three themes emerged-costing practices, unaccounted-for costs, and budget negotiating power.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that there was a substantial amount of unaccounted-for costs for sponsored projects. Costing and financial practices associated with sponsored research projects were weak, coupled with lopsided negotiating power with funding agencies. Funding agencies and institutions in this study should work to reduce the inequity in research costs.
Examining Effective Patient-Provider Communication in Antenatal Settings across England: An In-Depth Analysis of Woman’s Experiences
Authors: Andrzejczak Martyna , Jones Gareth Elfed , Nye Gareth Anthony
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy requires appropriate guidance and support from healthcare professionals. Understanding women’s experiences of effective patient-provider communication through antenatal care is critical, as evidence suggests, inadequate communication could pose various risks to maternal and neonatal well-being. Despite efforts to modernise maternity services, recent assessments reveal persistent challenges, with nearly half of maternity services inspections categorised as ‘inadequate’ or ‘requires improvement’. This qualitative systematic review investigated effective patient-provider communication in antenatal care settings across England, contributing essential insights into women’s experiences and feelings from various backgrounds.

Methods

This study utilised the PICo framework to formulate the research question, focusing on effective patient-provider communication in antenatal care settings across England. A comprehensive search involving various study types was conducted across electronic databases from 2010 onwards. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were predefined, and relevant studies underwent thorough screening. Data synthesis involved a qualitative descriptive approach, employing thematic analysis to capture diverse experiences. Findings were summarised through coded extracts, supporting quotes, and a narrative addressing women’s experiences.

Results

The search identified 46 records, with six studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Results were synthesised utilising thematic analysis approach. Subsequently, five themes were distinguished:Responsive and engaging communication; Individualised treatment; Clear presentation of service information and informed choice;Continuityof care; and ‘Additional ways of communication’.The study identified key suggestions to improve patient-provider communication in antenatal care, including tailored training programmes aimed at HCPs focusing on empathy, active listening, building emotional connections, establishing trust, and providing continuity of care. Recommendations also emphasise transparent information and empowering women through communication. Likewise, suggestions extend to the incorporation of cultural safety training initiatives and addressing structural issues within the system. The study, however featured experiences of minority ethnic women, which may potentially impact results, limiting the findings generalisability. In addition, measuring women’s views amid the emotional intensity associated with pregnancy presents inherent challenges, hypothetically affecting the depth of understanding of the experiences.

Conclusion

Few key conclusions derived from women experiences highlight the need to re-address barriers to communication. Proposed strategies offer practical steps, but further research is urged to address emerging challenges by advocating for improved communication strategies in order to enhance prenatal care nationally.
Plasmids from a complex biome exist as communities
Authors: Smyth Cian , Leigh Robert J , Do Thi Thuy , Walsh Fiona
Published: May 2024

Plasmids play a crucial role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) across One Health due to their ability to transfer a wide range of ARGs within and across bacterial species and biomes. We sequenced 173 circularised plasmids transferred from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent intoEscherichia coliand subsequently characterised their genetic content. Multiple multidrug resistant plasmids were identified with a significant number of mega plasmids (>100Kb). Plasmids existing in isolation were rare and almost all existed with other plasmids. Our results suggest that positive epistasis promotes plasmid persistence in WWTP populations in a similar manner to that identifiedin vitrovia infectious transmission, varying properties against plasmid community backgrounds, interactions with a range of other plasmids, source-sink spill-over transmission within the plasmid community rather than the host bacteria and compensatory mutations. We have demonstrated that the plasmid paradox solutions apply to plasmid communities in addition to plasmid host interactions. Our study identified that rather than existing as lone entities plasmids co-exist in small packs, the protection is afforded to the pack not by all members but by one or two and many plasmids coast within this pack as they contain no obvious advantage to the host. Our findings show that we need to enter a new paradigm and study plasmids in packs rather than as single entities in order to understand their transmission across One Health.
Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy: A worldwide ENIGMA study
Authors: Kirschner Matthias , Hodzic-Santor Benazir , Kennedy Leda , Hansen Justine Y. , Antoniades Mathilde , Nenadić Igor , Kircher Tilo , Krug Axel , Meller Tina , Dannlowski Udo , Grotegerd Dominik , Flinkenflügel Kira , Meinert Susanne , Borgers Tiana , Goltermann Janik , Hahn Tim , Böhnlein Joscha , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Barkhau Carlotta , Fornito Alex , Arnatkeviciute Aurina , Bellgrove Mark A. , Tiego Jeggan , DeRosse Pamela , Green Melissa , Quidé Yann , Pantelis Christos , Chan Raymond , Wang Yi , Ettinger Ulrich , Debbané Martin , Derome Melodie , Gaser Christian , Besteher Bianca , Diederen Kelly , Spencer Tom J. , Houenou Josselin , Pomarol-Clotet Edith , Salvador Raymond , Rössler Wulf , Smigielski Lukasz , Kumari Veena , Premkumar Preethi , Park Haeme R. P. , Wiebels Kristina , Lemmers-Jansen Imke , Gilleen James , Allen Paul , Marsman Jan-Bernard , Lebedeva Irina , Tomyshev Alexander , Fett Anne-Kathrin , Sommer Iris , Koops Sanne , Grant Phillip , Bègue Indrit , Hernaus Dennis , Jalbrzikowski Maria , Paquola Casey , Larivière Sara , Bernhardt Boris , Valk Sofie , Misic Bratislav , van Erp Theo G. M. , Turner Jessica A. , Thompson Paul M. , Aleman Andre , Dagher Alain , Kaiser Stefan , Modinos Gemma
Published: May 2024

Positive and negative schizotypy reflect distinct patterns of subclinical traits in the general population associated with neurodevelopmental and schizophrenia-spectrum pathologies. Yet, a comprehensive characterization of the unique and shared neuroanatomical signatures of these schizotypy dimensions is lacking. Leveraging 3D brain MRI data from 2,730 unmedicated healthy individuals, we identified neuroanatomical profiles of positive and negative schizotypy and systematically compared them to disorder-specific, micro-architectural, connectome, and neurotransmitter-level measures. Positive and negative schizotypy were associated with thinner frontal and thicker paralimbic cortical areas, respectively, and were differentially linked to cortical patterns of schizophrenia-spectrum and neurodevelopmental conditions. Furthermore, these schizotypal cortical patterns mapped onto local attributes of gene expression, cortical myelination, D1 and histamine receptor distributions. Network models identified cortical hub vulnerability to schizotypy-related thickness reduction and epicenters in sensorimotor-to-association and paralimbic areas. This study yields insights into the complex cortical signatures of schizotypy and their relationship to diverse features of cortical organization.
Assessment of risk factors associated with and practices of cattle farmers in Kirehe District Rwanda with respect to vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens
Authors: Dutuze M. Fausta , Espino Analise , Christofferson Rebecca C.
Published: May 2024

Rural Rwandan communities face challenges to the health of humans and animals. The topography and climate of the Kirehe District of Rwanda put farmers there at high risk for mosquito-borne diseases. Farmers from 92 Rwandan farms were surveyed about farm practices, as well as animal and human health histories between December 2017 to February 2018. Further, human, animal, and environmental factors were investigated to determine whether there is a pattern in risk for abortion occurrence in cattle and/or history of malarial disease in the human populations. Iterative, complimentary logistic regression models were employed to determine whether there was an association between surveyed variables and spontaneous cattle abortion, a known symptom of and risk factor for Rift Valley Fever virus and other mosquito-borne/zoonotic pathogens in the region. These factors were then used to investigate association with a reported history of malaria. Of the 92 farms in our study, 82 were family farms and 10 were commercial farms. On average, 88% of the farms had cattle and 30% of farms had experienced a cattle abortion in the past two years. There was no discernable pattern in significance in the risk factors for history of abortion in cattle. This One Health approach sought to investigate human, animal, and environmental factors surrounding the transmission of zoonotic, mosquito-borne viruses. From our study into the practices of the farmers with respect to biosafety and self-protection against disease, we identify potential sources of risk that could be targeted for enhance education and protection on these farms.
Factors affecting adoption of COVID-19 prevention measures among community members: A Case study of Entebbe Municipal council in Uganda
Authors: Namanya Eliot , Margret Nalubega Joy , Mugenyi Nathan , Twineamatsiko Andrew
Published: May 2024

Background

Following continued infections from COVID-19 in Entebbe municipality, there was need to investigate underlying causes off poor adherence. This knowledge would then inform policy and practice enhancements. This study was done to assess the factors affecting the adoption of COVID-19 prevention measures among community members in Entebbe Municipal Council, Uganda given the low levels of adherence to standard operating procedures (SOPs). Specific objectives included to assess the individual factors; the community factors and the social-economic factors affecting the adoption of COVID-19 prevention measures in place among community members in Entebbe Municipal Council, Uganda.

Methodology

A descriptive analytical cross-sectional study design was used, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods based on an eligible population of 29,973 and sample of 394 respondents. Primary data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically, and quantitative date was analyzed quantitatively using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 23. For quality control, the tool was piloted and found reliable and valid.

Study Findings

Results indicate that majority of the respondents were aged 31-40 (32.7%), tertiary level education (76.1%), males (51.5%) and females (48.5%), Christians (84.5%) and Muslims (15.5%), formally employed (78.7%), earned at least a million and above (51.8%). The study explored the factors associated with adoption of Covid-19 SOPs with individual factors, community factors and social economic factors being significant.

Conclusion

Individual factors significantly influence adoption of preventive measures. However, the difference between women and men’ adoption and the young people’s negligence to adoption of preventive measures are key.

Recommendations

The study recommends subsidizing and/or free distribution of all materials and equipment that prevent communicable diseases; use influential members of the public as health ambassadors to influence positively the public; free protective gears to groups of people who frequently interact with communities; improved transport system.
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 XBB Vaccine against XBB and JN.1 Sub-lineages
Authors: Tartof Sara Y. , Slezak Jeff M. , Puzniak Laura , Frankland Timothy B. , Ackerson Bradley K. , Jodar Luis , McLaughlin John M.
Published: May 2024

In this Brief Report we provide updated results (October 11, 2023 through February 29, 2024) from our previously conducted test-negative case-control study in Kaiser Permanente Southern California to evaluate sub-lineage-specific effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB1.5-adapted vaccine. Results suggest that XBB1.5-adapted vaccines may have reduced effectiveness against JN.1 versus XBB sub-lineages.
Success factors of growth-stage digital health companies: protocol for a systematic literature review
Authors: Pfitzer Estelle , Bitomsky Laura , Nißen Marcia , Kausch Christoph , Kowatsch Tobias
Published: May 2024

Background

The healthcare industry is undergoing rapid transformation and progress, fueled by technological advances and the growing need for accessible, affordable, and high-quality healthcare services. While there has been significant progress in digitizing healthcare, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still considerable untapped potential for digital therapeutics (DTx). According to a report by Bloomberg, the digital health market is projected to reach $1.5 trillion by 2030 (1). However, most ventures in the space struggle to gain traction and eventually stop operations. Also, the diverse regulatory guidelines across countries challenge the scalability of DTx.

Objective

The protocol described here outlines the methodology for a systematic review which’s objective is to identify factors that contribute to the successful scaling of digital health companies that have a validated product or service, i.e., growth-stage companies. A further objective is to highlight the key metrics used to quantify success in digital health companies.

Method

We will search business and scientific databases, including EBSCO, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus, summarize the key findings and highlight the specific success factors relevant to the Digital Health Technologies (DHT) industry. The quality of the selected studies will be assessed using the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) checklists.

Expected outcome

The literature review’s primary objective is to identify essential characteristics and recurring patterns that significantly contribute to success among growth-stage digital health companies. It will bridge the existing knowledge gap and provide stakeholders, including investors and entrepreneurs, with a valuable resource that supports informed decision-making and enhances the success of growth-stage digital health companies.

OSF Registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UYJCA
Potential clinical impact of predictive modeling of heterogeneous treatment effects: scoping review of the impact of the PATH Statement
Authors: Selby Joe V , Maas Carolien C H M , Fireman Bruce H , Kent David M
Published: May 2024

Background

The PATH Statement (2020) proposed predictive modeling for examining heterogeneity in treatment effects (HTE) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). It distinguished risk modeling, which develops a multivariable model predicting individual baseline risk of study outcomes and examines treatment effects across risk strata, from effect modeling, which directly estimates individual treatment effects from models that include treatment, multiple patient characteristics and interactions of treatment with selected characteristics.

Purpose

To identify, describe and evaluate findings from reports that cite the Statement and present predictive modeling of HTE in RCTs.

Data Extraction

We identified reports using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SCOPUS through July 5, 2024. Using double review with adjudication, we assessed consistency with Statement recommendations, credibility of HTE findings (applying criteria adapted from the Instrument to assess Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN)), and clinical importance of credible findings.

Results

We identified 65 reports (presenting 31 risk models, 41 effect models). Contrary to Statement recommendations, only 25 of 48 studies with positive overall findings included a risk model; most effect models included multiple predictors with little prior evidence for HTE. Claims of HTE were noted in 23 risk modeling and 31 effect modeling reports, but risk modeling met credibility criteria more frequently (87 vs 32 percent). For effect models, external validation of HTE findings was critical in establishing credibility. Credible HTE from either approach was usually judged clinically important (24 of 30). In 19 reports from trials suggesting overall treatment benefits, modeling identified subgroups of 5-67% of patients predicted to experience no benefit or net treatment harm. In five that found no overall benefit, subgroups of 25-60% of patients were nevertheless predicted to benefit.

Conclusions

Multivariable predictive modeling identified credible, clinically important HTE in one third of 65 reports. Risk modeling found credible HTE more frequently; effect modeling analyses were usually exploratory, but external validation served to increase credibility.
Sexually transmitted infections among key populations in India: systematic review with spatiotemporal distribution
Authors: Bhatta Mihir , Majumdar Agniva , Biswas Subrata , Ghosh Utsha , Ghosh Piyali , Banerji Papiya , Aridoss Santhakumar , Venkatesh Bhumika Tumkur , Das Nibedita , Royal Abhisek , Ray Protim , Goswami Prabuddha Gopal , Narayan Prasad Turalapati Laxmi , Medhi Gajendra Kumar , Khan Pankaj Kumar , Saikia Lahari , Debnath Falguni , Chakraborty Debjit , Deb Alok Kumar , Adhikary Rajatsuvra , Dutta Shanta
Published: May 2024

In the developing world, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the key sources of health and financial adversities, contributing significantly to morbidity, death, and stigma. The frequency and prevalence of four treatable STIs— syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea and trichomoniasis— vary greatly throughout different geographical regions. In the current situation, published reports from multiple local, national and international bodies are combined with information from peer-reviewed published articles to generate present systematic review. Goal of the current systematic review is to identify the geographic distribution and current of STIs among the Indian key population. The PRISMA flow diagram describes the specific criteria of inclusion and exclusion as well as the quantity of articles in each category. A relevant electronic database search produced to find 40 publications that matched the inclusion criteria outlined in the protocol for the current systematic review were found after a search of pertinent electronic databases However, it was found that published articles were not available from all of the geographical regions in India. The majority of the research was found in the western and southern regions. Few studies from the northern and north eastern regions of India have been published. The majority of published studies on STI prevalence were based on syphilis seroprevalence and focused on the MSM (men sex with men) and FSW (female sex workers) populations, followed by H/TG (Hijras with Transgenders) and PWID (those who inject drugs). The majority of the research used aetiological diagnosis to report prevalence. It can be concluded in light of the current findings with considering the noted limitations, present HIV surveillance system under the NACP (National AIDS Control Programme) may utilized the collected extra bio-specimen to establish prevalence of STIs in high risk populations. However, in coming days, with the availability of the comparable data from most of the regions in India, it will be possible to perform a systemic review and meta-analysis on the spatiotemporal distribution of the four curable STIs in Indian general population.
Association between Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists Exposure and Intraocular Pressure Change
Authors: Hallaj Shahin , Halfpenny William , Chuter Benton G. , Weinreb Robert N. , Baxter Sally L. , Cui Qi N.
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aims to provide data on the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls

1247 glaucoma surgery and treatment naïve eyes of 626 patients who were initiated on GLP-1R agonists compared to 1083 glaucoma surgery and treatment naïve eyes of 547 patients who were initiated on other oral antidiabetics.

Methods, Intervention, or Testing

The University of California Health Data Warehouse was queried for patients exposed to GLP-1R agonists or other oral antidiabetics. Index date was defined as the date of first exposure to the medication. Eyes with at least one pre-exposure and one post-exposure tonometry record within 365 days of the index date were included in the analysis. Clinical and laboratory data elements were extracted from the database. Eyes were censored from the analysis upon exposure to glaucoma hypotensive medication or glaucoma surgery. ΔIOP was analyzed using a paired t-test. Regression analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) accounting for inter-eye correlation. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the findings.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary outcome measure was ΔIOP after exposure to the medication.

Results

The median age of all included subjects was 66.2 years [IQR=18.3]; 607 (51.7%) were female, and 667 (56.9%) were Caucasian. Median pre-exposure IOP, HbA1c, and BMI were 15.2 mmHg [IQR=3.8], 7.5 [IQR=2.4], and 29.8 [IQR=9.4], respectively. 776 individuals (66.1%) had diabetes, with the median number of active oral antidiabetics being 1.0 [IQR=1.0], and 441 (37.5%) being insulin users. Several pre-exposure characteristics significantly differed between the GLP-1R agonist and the control group. The mean ΔIOP was -0.4±2.8 mmHg (paired t-test p<0.001) and -0.2±3.3 mmHg (paired t-test p = 0.297) in the GLP-1R agonist and other antidiabetics groups, respectively. Pre-exposure IOP was the only independent predictor of ΔIOP in multivariable GEE. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusions

Although GLP-1R agonists were significantly associated with a decrease in IOP in the paired analysis, they were not associated with ΔIOP in multivariable GEE. Moreover, the difference between the ΔIOP in the two groups was small. Future prospective studies following a standardized dose and delivery method may provide further insights.
Suppression of polaron self-localization by correlations
Authors: Zschetzsche Lilith , Zillich Robert E.
Published: May 2024

We investigate self-localization of a polaron in a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate in one dimension. This effect, where an impurity is trapped by the deformation that it causes in the surrounding Bose gas, has been first predicted by mean-field calculations, but has not been seen in experiments. We study the system in one dimension, where, according to the mean-field approximation, the self-localization effect is particularly robust and present for arbitrarily weak impurity-boson interactions. We address the question whether self-localization is a real effect by developing a variational method which incorporates impurity-boson correlations nonperturbatively and solving the resulting inhomogeneous correlated polaron equations. We find that correlations inhibit self-localization except for very strongly repulsive or attractive impurity-boson interactions. Our prediction for the critical interaction strength for self-localization agrees with a sharp drop of the inverse effective mass found in quantum Monte Carlo simulations of polarons in one dimension.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Universal Approach for Quantum Interfaces with Atomic Arrays
Authors: Solomons Yakov , Ben-Maimon Roni , Shahmoon Ephraim
Published: May 2024

We develop a general framework for the analysis of two-sided quantum interfaces, composed of collections of atoms interacting with paraxial light. Accounting for photon-mediated dipole-dipole interactions, our approach is based on the mapping of collective atom-photon interfaces onto a generic one-dimensional model of light scattering, characterized by a reflectivity parameter r0. This entails two key practical advantages: (i) the efficiency of the quantum interface in performing various quantum tasks, such as quantum memory or entanglement generation, is universally given by r0 and is hence reduced to a measurement or classical calculation of a reflectivity; (ii) the efficiency can be greatly enhanced by a properly designed photon mode that spatially matches a collective-dipole eigenmode of the atoms. We demonstrate our approach for realistic cases of finite-size atomic arrays, partially filled arrays, and circular arrays. This provides a unified approach for treating collective light-matter coupling in various platforms, such as optical lattices and optical tweezers.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Molecular structure and selective theophylline complexation by conformational change of diethyl N,N′-(1,3-phenylene)dicarbamate
Authors: González-González Juan Saulo , Martínez-Santos Alfonso , Emparán-Legaspi María José , Pineda-Contreras Armando , Martínez-Martínez Francisco Javier , Flores-Alamo Marcos , García-Ortega Hector
Published: May 2024

The receptor ability of diethyl N,N′-(1,3-phenylene)dicarbamate (1) to form host–guest complexes with theophylline (TEO) and caffeine (CAF) by mechanochemistry was evaluated. The formation of the 1–TEO complex (C12H16N2O4·C7H8N4O2) was preferred and involves the conformational change of one of the ethyl carbamate groups of 1 from the endo conformation to the exo conformation to allow the formation of intermolecular interactions. The formation of an N—H...O=C hydrogen bond between 1 and TEO triggers the conformational change of 1. CAF molecules are unable to form an N—H...O=C hydrogen bond with 1, making the conformational change and, therefore, the formation of the complex impossible. Conformational change and selective binding were monitored by IR spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 1–TEO complex was characterized by IR spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Children, imagination and outer space exploration: implications for space accountability systems
Authors: Cohen Nava , Sopt Joanne
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this paper is to explore how space organizations can incorporate children and imagination in their accountability-based accounting and decision-making processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study centers on stakeholder engagement with children, specifically examining the drawing competition associated with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) space exploration mission. We employ a multidimensional research design consisting of both an interpretive approach to the 2,748 space-related drawings submitted by children across Europe to the CHEOPS drawing competition in 2015 and a content analysis of 46 media releases published by ESA and the University of Bern, the key partners of the CHEOPS mission.

Findings

Our analysis of the children’s drawings and the CHEOPS media releases indicates that the related organizations account for some of the children’s visions and imaginations, but shortcomings exist in addressing the ethical and space environmental concerns related to space exploration. We explore implications for the space accounting agenda by applying the critical dialogic accountability framework proposed by Dillard and Vinnari (2019), which allows for a discussion on an outline for action by incorporating intergenerational equity (Thomson et al., 2018) and moral imagination (Werhane, 1999).

Originality/value

This study offers a novel exploration of a largely overlooked yet crucial stakeholder group: children. By focusing on their unique perspectives and imaginative capabilities, the paper brings forth the voices of those who will inherit the future of space exploration. Employing children’s drawings as a medium of symbolic communication, this research study offers fresh insights into their perceptions, particularly relevant to space accounting. This innovative approach not only enriches the literature on stakeholder engagement and accountability but also provides space organizations with valuable guidance on fostering inclusivity and ensuring that the interests of future generations are considered in decision-making processes.
Understanding the gastronomy tourists’ characteristics and perceptions: a cluster analysis of visitors to a creative city of gastronomy
Authors: Soonsan Nimit , Thongmun Sarayute , Phakdee-auksorn Panuwat
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify and understand distinct tourist segments in Phuket, focusing on their characteristics, attitudes and perceptions as visitors to a creative gastronomic destination.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, cluster analysis is used to identify tourist segments in Phuket, a well-known United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) gastronomic city. The analysis is based on data collected from 525 domestic Thai tourists.

Findings

Cluster analysis revealed three distinct tourist segments: gastronomy enthusiasts, taste discoverers and gourmet wanderers. These segments exhibit significant differences in their characteristics and perceptions of Phuket’s gastronomic offerings.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to domestic Thai tourists in Phuket and does not include international visitors. In addition, the findings are specific to the context of Phuket and may not be entirely generalizable to other gastronomic destinations.

Practical implications

The identified tourist segments provide valuable guidance for tourism professionals to tailor their marketing efforts, develop targeted products and meet the preferences of different gastronomically oriented tourists, contributing to the successful management of a gastronomic city.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the fields of destination management and gastronomy tourism by providing valuable insights for practitioners seeking to enhance their offerings and consider the preferences of different gastronomically oriented tourist segments. Identifying these segments enriches the understanding of visitor behavior in creative gastronomy cities.
Utilization of theories in talent development: mapping the field of HRD
Authors: Naňáková Nikol , Dopita Miroslav
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The process of talent development (TD) is one of the current trends in HRM and human resource development (HRD). Although scientific literature addressing the topic emphasizes that through development of talents, organizations can increase their productivity, performance and competitiveness, little is known so far concerning the development of this research field as a whole and particularly concerning theories prevailing in the area. While research into the field has been ongoing for two decades, the area has not yet been systematized based on key theories used as starting points for the research. The purpose of this paper is to focus on which theories in HRD are used in TD.

Design/methodology/approach

Concerning the topicality of TD, the present article provides a systematic review of literature summarizing current theories in TD based on the currently used typology of theories in HRD, adding the fourth pillar to the existing three, i.e. theories concerning adult learning and education, to increase the stability of the typology.

Findings

The paper argues that the area of TD prevalently uses sociological, psychological and ethical theories, which may be attributed to trends in HRD. The insufficient representation of theories of learning in TD, particularly in view of the fact that adult learning and development is the essence of TD, is an important finding. This finding is particularly important for science concerning adult learning and education.

Originality/value

The benefit of the presented analysis lies in a systematization of the individual theories and a comprehensive overview of the current theoretical framework of TD, as well as suggestions for future research making use of adult learning and education theories.
The influence of internship on student’s academic performance in industrial and management engineering program in Italy
Authors: Caviggioli Federico
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The positive correlation between students’ internship and employability is well documented. However, there is no consensus on its relationship with academic performance. Previous studies investigated the Bachelor level: in the UK, the so-called sandwich placement is positively correlated; in the US, the results are mixed. This study aims to expand the scientific literature and focuses on Politecnico di Torino, Italy: the cases of the Industrial and Management Engineering Bachelor (BA) and Master of Science (MS) degree programs are examined.

Design/methodology/approach

The academic performance of 2,279 BA students and 2,560 MS students graduated between 2016 and 2021 is examined. Ordinary least square models are employed to test the relationship between grades and internship, controlling for ex ante academic scores, gender, age and geographical origin.

Findings

The results show a small robust negative correlation between internship and grades, especially at the bachelor level, where potentially a self-selection occurs. At the master level, the negative relationship is significant but very small and might be partially determined by the marks of the exams substituting the internship.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the empirical research on the relationship between students’ grade and internship and suggests the presence of complementarities in several ways: the Italian context, characterized by an optional internship is examined, both at the BA and MS level. Universities that intend to organize internship as overlapping with lectures and exams should be cautious, especially when considering the BA level students, whose maturity and skills are less developed than MS ones.
The simulation of droplet impact on liquid film evaporation in horizontal falling film evaporator based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Fan Mengyao , Ma Xiaojing , Li Lin , Xiao Xinpeng , Cheng Can
Published: May 2024

Purpose

In this paper, the complex flow evaporation process of droplet impact on the liquid film in a horizontal falling film evaporator is numerically studied based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The purpose of this paper is to present the mechanism of the water treatment problem of the falling film evaporation for the high salinity mine water in Xinjiang region of China.

Design/methodology/approach

To effectively characterize the phase transition problem, the particle splitting and merging techniques are introduced. And the particle absorbing layer is proposed to improve the nonphysical aggregation phenomenon caused by the continuous splitting of gas phase particles. The multiresolution model and the artificial viscosity are adopted.

Findings

The SPH model is validated qualitatively with experiment results and then applied to the evaporation of the droplet impact on the liquid film. It is shown that the larger single droplet initial velocity and the smaller single droplet initial temperature difference between the droplet and liquid film improve the liquid film evaporation. The heat transfer effect of a single droplet is preferable to that of multiple droplets.

Originality/value

A multiphase SPH model for evaporation after the droplet impact on the liquid film is developed and validated. The effects of different factors on liquid film evaporation, including single droplet initial velocity, single droplet initial temperature and multiple droplets are investigated.