bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Solar Wind Expansion and Nonequilibrium Ionization on the Broadening of Coronal Emission Lines
Authors: Gilly Chris R. , Cranmer Steven R.
Published: October 2020

When observing spectral lines in the optically thin corona, line-of-sight (LOS) effects can strongly affect the interpretation of the data, especially in regions just above the limb. We present a semiempirical forward model, called the Global Heliospheric Optically thin Spectral Transport Simulation (GHOSTS), to characterize these effects. GHOSTS uses inputs from several other models to compute nonequilibrium ionization states (which include the solar-wind freezing-in effect) for many ions. These are used to generate ensembles of simulated spectral lines that are examined in detail, with emphasis on (1) relationships between quantities derived from observables and the radial variation of the observed quantities, (2) the behavior of thermal and nonthermal components of the line width, and (3) relative contributions of collisionally excited and radiatively scattered photons. We find that rapidly changing temperatures in the low corona can cause ion populations to vary dramatically with height. This can lead to line width measurements that are constant with height (a “plateau” effect) even when the temperature is increasing rapidly, as the plane of sky becomes evacuated and the foreground/background plasma dominates the observation. We find that LOS effects often drive the velocity width to be close to the plane-of-sky value of the wind speed, despite it flowing perpendicularly to the LOS there. The plateau effect can also cause the nonthermal component of the line width to greatly exceed the solar wind velocity at the observation height. Lastly, we study how much of the LOS is significant to the observation, and the importance of including continuum in the solar spectrum when computing the radiatively scattered emission.
Localized Reconnection Heating Inferred from the Three-dimensional Locations of Bright Active Region Coronal Loops
Authors: Longcope Dana , McCarthy Marika , Malanushenko Anna
Published: October 2020

Coronal loops observed in soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet imaging data offer direct evidence that coronal plasma is heated by some mechanism. That mechanism appears to energize a particular bundle of field lines somehow selected from the magnetized coronal volume. Magnetic reconnection localized to a patch within a coronal current sheet is one mechanism that would select a flux bundle at the same time it energized it. Since magnetic reconnection occurs preferentially at topological boundaries, we would expect to find coronal loops concentrated there if it were at work. We explore this hypothesis using a data set, previously compiled by McCarthy et al., consisting of 301 coronal loops interconnecting a pair of active regions over a 48 hr period. That work computed the three-dimensional geometries and magnetic field strengths for most of the loops. This revealed many bright loops lying at the periphery of the interconnecting flux domain, possibly created and energized by the reconnection that created the interconnecting flux. There were, however, many loops well inside the domain which would be difficult to attribute to that mode of reconnection. Here we use detailed magnetic models of the interconnecting domain to show that these internal loops tend to occur along internal boundaries: separatrices. This offers a novel form of evidence that coronal loops are the products of patchy reconnection even under quiescent conditions.
Nephrotoma Meigen (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Yang Qi-Cheng , Liu Qi-Fei , Pan Zhao-Hui , Liu Xiao-Yan , Yang Ding
Published: October 2020

Eight species of the genus Nephrotoma were previously known to occur in Xizang Autonomous Region. Here, three species are added to the fauna of Xizang. Among them two species, N. beibengensissp. nov. and N. hanaesp. nov. are described and illustrated as new to science, and one species, N. evittata Alexander, 1935 is recorded from Xizang for the first time. The following four species are redescribed: N. claviformis Yang & Yang, 1987, N. didyma Yang & Yang, 1987, N. nigrohalterata Edwards, 1928, and N. xizangensis Yang & Yang, 1987. A key to the species of Nephrotoma from Xizang is presented.
Cuba in Mexico: first record of Phyllops falcatus (Gray, 1839) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for Mexico and other new records of bats from Cozumel, Quintana Roo
Authors: Rivas-Camo Noel Anselmo , Sabido-Villanueva Paulina Abigail , Peralta-Muñoz Carlos Ricardo , Medellin Rodrigo A.
Published: October 2020

The first record of Phyllops falcatus (Gray, 1839) in Mexico is documented from the island of Cozumel, Quintana Roo. This species is present in the Antilles, distributed in all the Cuban archipelago, Cayman Islands, and Hispaniola. It is likely that a hurricane moved these bats from Cuba to Cozumel. The Cozumel record extends the distribution more than 200 km west. Two new records from Cozumel of the bats Lasiurus ega and Molossus alvarezi are also provided.
A remarkable new species of the rove beetle genus Anthobium Leach, 1819 from Eocene Baltic amber (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae)
Authors: Shavrin Alexey V. , Yamamoto Shûhei
Published: October 2020

An unusual new omaliine species,Anthobium alekseevisp. nov., is described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber, tentatively placed in the megadiverse genusAnthobiumLeach, 1819. A new monotypic species-group is established. The new species can easily be distinguished from other species of the genus by the larger body, shape of the subrectangular pronotum, and the presence of a median carina on the prosternum and large, subtriangular tooth on the inner side of each mesotibia, likely exhibiting a peculiar sexual dimorphism in the male. Based on the study of the specimen with support of microtomographic images, a brief comparative analysis of a new species with described extant species ofAnthobiumis provided.
Colon Leiomyoma Diagnosed and Treated with Endoscopy
Authors: Oh Ha Young
Published: October 2020

Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor that may occur throughout the entire digestive tract. It occurs more frequently in the stomach and the small intestine, but is rarely seen in the large intestine. Here, we report two cases of colon leiomyoma mimicking the appearance of colon polyps that were found incidentally. They were simultaneously diagnosed and treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. Careful and thorough endoscopic examination is required for differential diagnosis of polyps that may actually be subepithelial tumors.
THE REJECTIONIST ETHIC AND THE SPIRIT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY
Authors: Petrović Nikola , Peternel Lana , Ančić Branko
Published: October 2020

This article explores how particular layers of the Western Zeitgeist and the Croatian social and economic context influenced the emergence and development of green entrepreneurship, and whether they could be helpful in understanding the potential transition to a green economy. It is argued that what initially drove several of interviewees to green entrepreneurships could be subsumed under the label rejectionist ethic used here to encompass different modes of rejecting modern economic institutions and the usual life trajectory of completing one’s education and working at a job in line with one’s social position and/or education.
DMWT’, ṢLM, NṢB. 'Estatua' en la epigrafía aramea
Authors: Martínez Borobio Emiliano
Published: October 2020

En los textos epigráficos arameos del periodo del arameo antiguo y oficial se usan dmwt’, nṣb, ṣlm, con el significado de 'estatua', aunque no todos estos términos se emplean en el arameo antiguo común, en Samal, en la inscripción de Tell Fekherye y en el arameo oficial. En el presente articulo se habla de la distribución de esos nombres en las distintas clases de modalidades de arameo mencionadas, y de cómo el uso de ṣlm llegó a ser el único que prácticamente se utilizó en arameo oficial como resultado de la fuerte influencia del asirio, que usaba ṣalmu para «estatua», influencia y uso que nos han quedado atestiguados en la inscripción bilingüe asiro-aramea de Tell Fekherye.
Pervivencias cananeas (ugaríticas) en el culto fenicio - III
Authors: Del Olmo Lete Gregorio
Published: October 2020

Continuando estudios previos dedicados a poner de manifiesto el continuum cultural cananeo-fenicio, sobre todo en el ámbito del culto, se analizan en éste el ND b‛l ḥmn y los apelativos Šm/pn b‛l. Para estos dos últimos casos la pervivencia mitológica es universalmente admitida y aquí se aportan datos literarios que la resaltan. En cuanto a b‛l ḥmn, se propone su vinculación con ug. ḥmn, lo que lleva a entender el ND como designación de divinidad palatina y dinástica, excluyendo su referencia a determinativos toponímicos, como generalmente se interpreta.
Bibliographisches und sachliches zu Rabbi Jonathan Eibeschütz’ Haggada-Kommentar
Authors: Nador Georg
Published: October 2020

no disponible.
Los judeoconversos en Soria después de 1492
Authors: Diago Hernando Máximo
Published: October 2020

Se analiza la comunidad judeoconversa de una ciudad castellana, Soria, que contó hasta 1492 con numerosa población judía. Se da cuenta de la tendencia a la concentración en ciertos barrios de los miembros de la referida comunidad y a continuación se indican cuáles fueron los ámbitos de la vida económica en que los judeoconversos sorianos estuvieron más presentes tras decretarse la expulsión de los judíos, advirtiéndose que frecuentemente fueron los mismos en que estos últimos más habían destacado, a saber, el comercio, el arrendamiento de impuestos y el préstamo. En conjunto, por lo demás, se hace un gran esfuerzo por identificar a los miembros de la comunidad judeoconversa soriana del siglo XVI, que hasta ahora era prácticamente desconocida.
Resultados y tendencias. Congreso internacional sobre los manuscritos del Mar Muerto
Authors: García Martínez F.
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Dos rectificaciones demandadas por el Prof. Offenberg
Authors: Del Valle C.
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Quality Standards in Online Education: The ISO/IEC 40180 Framework
Authors: Shraim Khitam Yousuf
Published: October 2020

As higher education institutions (HEIs) make growing use of online education, enhancing and ensuring quality in online education (QOE) have become increasingly important for their competitiveness. Researchers and both national and international organizations have developed a variety of models, frameworks and guidelines for QOE. However, selecting from these a holistic quality framework that meets the needs and requirements of HEIs is challenging. This study reviews current QOE frameworks, guidelines and benchmarks used in diverse contexts, with reference to an analysis of 72 publications between 2000 and 2019, then introduces the ISO/IEC 40180 framework for quality assurance, quality management and quality improvement in IT-enhanced learning, education and training. The findings show that while no holistic quality framework for open education exists currently, ISO/IEC 40180 is a flexible and adaptable framework for revolutionary organizational change, meeting the needs of multiple stakeholders of educational organizations at the macro, meso and micro levels. Therefore, HEIs seeking to foster growth, competitiveness and international recognition are advised to consider adopting the ISO/IEC 40180 framework, which should be integrated into national quality education standards.
Exploring Students’ Knowledge and Practice of Digital Citizenship in Higher Education
Authors: Al-Abdullatif Ahlam Mohammed , Gameil Azza Ali
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate undergraduate students’ knowledge and practice of eight of the nine elements of digital citizenship: digital commerce, digital communication, digital literacy, digital etiquette, digital law, digital rights and responsibility, digital health and wellness and digital security. The sample population for this descriptive study comprised 204 undergraduate students selected by purposeful sampling. The results show that undergraduate students have an insufficient level of knowledge about good digital citizenship. A significant number of undergraduate students do observe eight digital citizenship elements through several ethical practices; however, the study revealed several concerns among participants in regards to security and safety, such as verifying the reliability and credibility of digital resources, checking the accuracy of information on the Internet, interpreting laws and penalties related to using digital resources, reporting irresponsible behaviour to the appropriate authorities and limiting the time and duration of daily digital device use. The results of this study show that an individual’s extent of experience using the Internet is not a factor that affects the level of knowledge and practice of digital citizenship among undergraduate students. Conversely, the nature of academic specialisation, particularly technology-heavy courses (e.g. Educational Technology), are among the factors that affect the knowledge and practice of good digital citizenship. This article offers several recommendations for future study, policy development and practice.
Measuring the Performance of Computer Vision Systems in Malaria Studies
Authors: Lorenzo-Ginori Juan Valentín , Chinea-Valdés Lyanett , Mollineada-Diogo Niurka , Meneses-Marcel Alfredo
Published: October 2020

Digital image processing-computer vision (DIP-CV) systems are used to automate malaria diagnosis through microscopy analysis of thin blood smears. Some variability is observed in the experimental design to evaluate the statistical measures of performance (SMP) of such systems. The objective of this work is assessing good practices when using SMP to evaluate DIP-CV systems for malaria diagnosis. A mathematical model was built to characterize diagnosis using DIP-CV systems and used to obtain curve families showing the relationships among various SMP of these systems, both using theoretical equations and computer simulation. Curve families showing (a) the relationships among the minimum number of positive erythrocytes (RBCs) to be observed, the per object (RBC) sensitivity and the probability to detect at least one positive, (b) per specimen sensitivity vs. total number of RBCs observed for a typical per object sensitivity and a range of parasite densities (c) per object positive predictive value vs. per object specificity for a typical per object sensitivity and various parasite densities. When determining the per specimen sensitivity, the parasite density p showed to have more influence on the number of RBCs that must be analyzed than the per object sensitivity. Measuring p accurately depends heavily upon the per object positive predictive value of the classifier. For low p values, this would require very high per object specificity and a high enough value of observed RBCs to measure this accurately.
International Sharing of the Remote Laboratory NetLab
Authors: Nafalski Andrew , Miłosz Marek , Considine Hugh
Published: October 2020

In this paper we report on the use of the NetLab remote laboratory located in Australia, accessed outside the country, including Sri Lanka, Poland, Singapore and Sweden and other tens of locations. After a review of the current use and the development of NetLab, we concentrate on the overseas applications of the remote laboratory. There is an increasing recognition by students using remote laboratories that their learning experience is comparable with working in real laboratories. Remote laboratories enable working in a safe, an international, multicultural environment, becoming more and more important in the era of globalisation and coronavirus.
Geometric Parameters Optimization of Carbide Reamer when Reaming TC18
Authors: Yang W. , Dong W.P. , Wang W. , Li Y. , Wang Yong Guo
Published: October 2020

Cutting temperature is one of the most important parameters in the cutting process, which has an important influence on the machining accuracy of workpiece, the power consumed by the machining and the degree of tool wear. There are many factors influencing the cutting temperature, such as the properties of workpiece materials, geometric parameters of the tool, the use of cutting fluid and so on. In this paper, we used orthogonal experimental method, with titanium alloy TC18 as the carrier and AdvantEdge as the simulation platform, established the cutting simulation model. With the cutting temperature as the optimization goal, the geometric parameters of the cemented carbide reamer are optimized.
Research on Optimization of Laser Cladding Process Parameters Based on Orthogonal Experimental Method
Authors: Shu Da , Dai Si Chao , Sun Ji Chao , Tao Feng , Xiao Ping , Si Wu Dong
Published: October 2020

The orthogonal experiment method is used in optimal design of laser cladding, such as laser power (P), scanning speed (SS), powder feeding rate (PFR) and shielding gas velocity (SGV) etc. Both the dilution rate and the aspect ratio are investigated by comprehensive scoring method, which transforms multi-index into single index. In view of the nonlinear characteristics of laser cladding process parameters, the optimum level of each factor based on interaction effect is obtained by analyzing binary tables. Finally, the relationship between the laser cladding process parameters and the two indexes (the dilution rate and the ratio of width to height of coating) is obtained. This method has potential applications for the further investigating on the laser cladding process rules.
The Electric Properties of the Medium inside the Crack Effects on the Electric-Field-Induced Domain Evolution in Ferroelectric
Authors: Huang Cheng , Yuan Zhen Yu , Wang Xiao Jun , Guo Hun
Published: October 2020

Effects of the electric inclusion in ferroelectrics on the stress and electric field concentration and polarization switching are investigated based on a phase field approach containing the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. To capture a clear physical picture with the simulation, the crack medium in the electric inclusion is taken into account explicitly as a crack fluid medium as water, oil or air in region. The simulations exhibit a macroscopic electric field concentration in the electric inclusion filled with air, and a significant influence on the domain evolution from the micro perspective, while the electric inclusion filled with water have little influence. The numerical calculations indicated that, when the dielectric constant inside the flaw are much smaller than the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric matrix, the electric field inside the crack medium are enhanced much higher than the applied electric loading. The result implies the domain evolution takes place with the minimization of total free energy, which involves the high electric field energy derived from the electric inclusion. Therefore, the crack fluid medium in ferroelectric plays in importation role in the effect on the non-uniform distribution of the stress and electric field.
Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow on Temperature Effect for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Chao Chung
Published: October 2020

There is a significant effect for the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the liquid water generated in cathode channel during the operation process In this paper, based on the numerical simulation of three-dimensional and VOF model of multiphase flow, according to the different flow channel design and the change of different inlet temperature, the transport phenomena of multiphase flow in PEMFC is discussed at temperature effect. In U-shaped cathode channel with bump scale (h/H=1/4), a long water film is assumed to cover the surface of the gas diffusion layer at the entrance. Under the simulated oxygen flow conditions of inlet 200 Reynolds number, 4.4 Weber number and inlet temperature 333K, the water film heated is not obviously affected by oxygen flow from inlet channel to bend channel. Subsequently, the shape of water film is elongated and broken from outflow of bend channel to outlet channel. The computational results are obtained that the residual broken water film can be existed in the outlet channel. The flow field temperature can affect the residual flow rate of water film in the channel. The residual rate of water film in the hot flow field is lower than that in the cold flow field.
Discussion of Scraping Depth and Feeding Rate Performance of Micro Shaping
Authors: Lin Meng Ju , Chen Rong Shun
Published: October 2020

A novel micromachining technology is investigated in this work. Precision machining of micrometer sizes can be achieved by a tool scraping on CNC machine. The knife for scraping with small knife nose with radius of fifty micrometer can scrape surfaces of designed function by path planning of CNC machine. To investigate performance, micro channels are scraped on workpieces by micro shaping. For tool path planning, feeding rate and scraping depth have significant effect on machining performance and depth-to-width ratio. Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and aluminum alloy are materials for scraping. From the results of experiments, aluminum alloy has better machining performance and smoother scraping surface than PMMA. Smaller scraping depth would induce better performance and size precision. For feeding rate, 800 mm/min is better for PMMA and 500 mm/min is better for aluminum alloy.
Fully Coupled Finite Element Analysis of an Automatic Multi-Stage Cold Forging Process
Authors: Byun Jong Bok , Lee Hyun Joon , Park Jong Bok , Seo Il Dong , Joun Man Soo
Published: October 2020

In this paper, non-isothermal analysis of an automatic multi-stage cold forging process of a ball-stud is conducted using a new material model which is a closed form function of strain, temperature and strain rate covering low and warm temperatures for high-strength stainless steel SUS304. An assembled die structural analysis scheme is employed for revealing the detailed die stresses, which is of great importance for process and die design for metal forming of the materials with high strengths. Die elastic deformation is dealt with to predict final geometries of material with higher accuracy. A complete analysis model is proposed to be used for optimal design of process and die designs in automatic multi-stage cold forging of high-strength materials.
Siglec-15 on Osteoclasts Is Crucial for Bone Erosion in Serum-Transfer Arthritis
Authors: Korn Marina A. , Schmitt Heike , Angermüller Sieglinde , Chambers David , Seeling Michaela , Lux Uwe T. , Brey Stefanie , Royzman Dmytro , Brückner Christin , Popp Vanessa , Percivalle Elena , Bäuerle Tobias , Zinser Elisabeth , Winkler Thomas H. , Steinkasserer Alexander , Nimmerjahn Falk , Nitschke Lars
Published: October 2020

Siglec-15 is a conserved sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin, which is expressed on osteoclasts. Deficiency of Siglec-15 leads to an impaired osteoclast development, resulting in a mild osteopetrotic phenotype. The role of Siglec-15 in arthritis is still largely unclear. To address this, we generated Siglec-15 knockout mice and analyzed them in a mouse arthritis model. We could show that Siglec-15 is directly involved in pathologic bone erosion in the K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis model. Histological analyses of joint destruction provided evidence for a significant reduction in bone erosion area and osteoclast numbers in Siglec-15−/− mice, whereas the inflammation area and cartilage destruction was comparable to wild-type mice. Thus, Siglec-15 on osteoclasts has a crucial function for bone erosion during arthritis. In addition, we generated a new monoclonal anti–Siglec-15 Ab to clarify its expression pattern on immune cells. Whereas this Ab demonstrated an almost exclusive Siglec-15 expression on murine osteoclasts and hardly any other expression on various other immune cell types, human Siglec-15 was more broadly expressed on human myeloid cells, including human osteoclasts. Taken together, our findings show a role of Siglec-15 as a regulator of pathologic bone resorption in arthritis and highlight its potential as a target for future therapies, as Siglec-15 blocking Abs are available.
Thyroid hormones profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Zainab Abubakar Mustapha , Abdulsalam Kabiru , Yahaya Isah A.
Published: October 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid disease are the two most common endocrine disorders in the general population. Several Studies have shown that thyroid dysfunction is common in patients with DM, and thyroid dysfunction have been found to have a considerable impact on the glycaemic control and often increases the risk of development of long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 DM in Kano, North-Western Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 250 participants made up of 130 patients with type 2 DM and 120 apparently healthy non-diabetic controls. Questionnaires were used to collect information on bio data, medical history, duration of diagnosis of diabetes and type of treatment. Also, blood samples of the participants were collected and analyzed for fasting plasma glucose, fT3, fT4, and TSH. The results were interpreted using American Thyroid Associations’ criteria and the data was analyzed using the statistical software package, STATA version 20. Two hundred and thirty-four (93.6%) of the participants were euthyroid while sixteen (6.4%) were found to have various forms of thyroid dysfunction. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 10% and 2.5% among type 2 diabetics and controls respectively. Among the type 2 DM patients with thyroid dysfunction, 38.5% had hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was found to be commoner among type 2 DM patients than non-diabetic individuals with hypothyroidism being the commonest disorder.
Mathematical modelling of COVID-19 transmission and control strategies in the population of Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdu Misau Yusuf , Nansak Nanshin , Maigoro Aliyu , Malami Sani , Mogere Dominic , Mbaruk Suleiman , Mohammed Rilwanu , Lawal Suleiman , Usman Sunusi Usman
Published: October 2020

The novel SARS-COV-2 has since been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The virus has spread from Wuhan city in China in December 2019 to no fewer than 200 countries as at June 2020 and still counting. Nigeria is currently experiencing a rapid spread of the virus amidst weak health system and more than 80% of population leaving on less than 1USD per day. To help understand the behavior of the virus in resource limited settings, we modelled the outbreak of COVID-19 and effects of control strategies in Bauchi state at north-eastern Nigeria. Using the real data of Bauchi state COVID-19 project, this research work extends the epidemic SEIR model by introducing new parameters based on the transmission dynamics of the novel COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures. The total population of Bauchi State at the time of the study, given by is compartmentalized into five (5) different compartments as follows: Susceptible (S), Exposed (E), Infectious (I), Quarantined (Q) and Recovered (R). The new model is SEIQR. N = S → E → I → Q → R Data was collected by accessing Bauchi state electronic database of COVID-19 project to derive all the model parameters, while analysis and model building was done using Maple software. At the time of this study, it was found that the reproduction number R, for COVID-19 in Bauchi state, is 2.6 × 10-5. The reproduction number R decreased due to the application of control measures. The compartmental SEIRQ model in this study, which is a deterministic system of linear differential equations, has a continuum of disease-free equilibria, which is rigorously shown to be locallyasymptotically stable as the epidemiological threshold, known as the control reproduction number R= 0.0000026 is less than unity. The implication of this study is that the COVID-19 pandemic can be effectively controlled in Bauchi, since is R<1. Contact tracing and isolation must be increased as the models shows, the rise in infected class is a sign of high vulnerability of the population. Unless control measures are stepped up, despite high rate of recovery as shown by this study, infection rate will keep increasing as currently there is a no vaccine for COVID-19.
Assessment tools for risky behaviors: Psychology and health
Authors: Castellano Sabrina , Platania Giuseppe Alessio , Varrasi Simone , Pirrone Concetta , Di Nuovo Santo
Published: October 2020

Thanks to the work of Division 38 of the American Psychological Association, Health Psychology has been defined in its methods and objectives. The biomedical vision of pathophysiological processes, indeed, could not take into account the complex relationship between medical conditions, psychological variables and contextual factors. Being healthy was not a matter of “silence of the organs” (Leriche, as cited by Canguilhem, 1991, p. 91) anymore, but encompassed representations, values, motivations and participation in social life. World Health Organization (WHO) still adopts this vision, referred to as biopsychosocial perspective. According to it, health disciplines should focus not only on treatment, but also on prevention, education, monitoring and social policy...
NOTA SULLA NON LINEARITÃ€ DEL SISTEMA RESPIRATORIO: COME Lâ€™EMOGLOBINA LEGA GASTON TISSANDIER A REINHOLD MESSNER
Authors: Ferretti Guido
Published: October 2020

This article starts from an aeronautical tragedy to track briefly the history of the oxygen equilibrium curve and the creation of Hillâ€™s model of it. After having argued that the characteristics of such a curve determine the non-linear behaviour of the respiratory system, I discussed some functional consequences of this behaviour, which explain how it happened that Reinhold Messner succeeded in the extraordinary enterprise of climbing Mount Everest without supplementary oxygen.
Anaemia prevalence and dietary diversity among women in the rural Free State, South Africa
Authors: Jordaan Elizabeth M. , Van den Berg Violet L. , Van Rooyen Francois C. , Walsh Corinna M.
Published: October 2020

Background: Anaemia, a global public health problem that particularly affects women, holds major consequences for human health.Aim: Determining dietary diversity, prevalence of anaemia and contraception use.Setting: Rural women, 25–49 years, in the Free State Province, South Africa.Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study, dietary diversity was determined with a 24-h recall; biochemical markers of anaemia, iron deficiency and inflammation were measured; and contraceptive use was recorded.Results: Of 134 women (median age 41 years), 51.5% had medium, and 44.8% had low dietary diversity. Overall, 76.9% consumed flesh meats and fish, but only 25.4% ate dark green leafy vegetables. Anaemia was present in 4.6%; 1.5% presented with iron deficiency; and 0.7% presented with iron deficiency anaemia, evidenced by low ferritin levels. However, 45.0% had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Overall, 7.5% presented with elevated homocysteine levels, but only 3.8% had low red cell folate levels. More than half (54.1%) reported menstruating regularly and 71.6% used injectable contraceptives. Significant associations were found between median mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and dietary diversity score.Conclusions: Although the prevalence of anaemia is low in this population, elevated CRP in almost half indicates that inflammation may mask iron deficiency. The older median age of the sample and approximately half of the women not menstruating regularly may also contribute to the low anaemia prevalence. Attention should be given to the women’s diets as almost half consume diets of low diversity, and not all consume foods rich in haemopoietic nutrients.
Faith in God, philanthropy and foundations of criticism of religious violence in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy
Authors: Emami Jome Sayyed M. , Ganjvar Mahdi , Ahl Sarmadi Nafiseh
Published: October 2020

This article aims at showing the potentiality of Transcendent Theosophy (Al-Hikmah Al-Muta’aliyah) in the creation of peace and denial of religious violence. Belief in Necessary Being that is identical to beauty and perfection is one of the central issues in Islamic philosophy, particularly Mulla Sadra’s Transcendent Theosophy. This belief has different stages, the highest one of which is a love-based sense of humbleness before God who is the source of beauty. Thus, faith in the thought of Mulla Sadra is one of the aesthetic categories. Surrender to such a Being leads to love in him and his effects. Thus, in Transcendent Theosophy, love in God is followed by the love in people. This love is associated with the sense of responsibility and the effort for the realisation of people’s rights. In the final part of the article under the title ‘Mulla Sadra and Confrontation of Two Types of Religious Understanding’, through the analysis of Mulla Sadra’s dialogue with a religious radical, we have criticised the discourse of religious violence and concluded that Transcendent Theosophy is a defender of human rights and a pioneer of peace and a despiser of religious violence. The most important finding of this study is that according to Mulla Sadra, religious radical interpretations are the source of the emergence of religious violence, and the solution to this problem is the promotion of rational and conscious religiosity. The method used in this research is of descriptive-analytic type.Contribution: The article brought to fore the potentiality of Islamic philosophy for the realisation of peace and the denial of religious violence. The authors analytically studied Mulla Sadra’s pacifist foundations in order to ascertain its relation with non-violence towards humans. The main contribution of this article is that the teachings of Transcendent Theosophy are very useful for creating peaceful coexistence between human beings.
Unlikely intersections with Hecke translates of a special subvariety
Authors: Orr Martin
Published: October 2020

We prove some cases of the Zilber–Pink conjecture on unlikely intersections in Shimura varieties. Firstly, we prove that the Zilber–Pink conjecture holds for intersections between a curve and the union of the Hecke translates of a fixed special subvariety, conditional on arithmetic conjectures. Secondly, we prove the conjecture unconditionally for intersections between a curve and the union of Hecke correspondences on the moduli space of principally polarised abelian varieties, subject to some technical hypotheses. This generalises results of Habegger and Pila on the Zilber–Pink conjecture for products of modular curves.

The conditional proof uses the Pila–Zannier method, relying on a point-counting theorem of Habegger and Pila and a functional transcendence result of Gao. The unconditional results are deduced from this using a variety of arithmetic ingredients: the Masser–Wüstholz isogeny theorem, comparison between Faltings andWeil heights, a super-approximation theorem of Salehi Golsefidy, and a result on expansion and gonality due to Ellenberg, Hall and Kowalski.
Underwater Visual Census of Deeper Vertical Rocky Reefs
Authors: Soldo Alen , Glavičić Igor
Published: October 2020

Diver-based underwater visual census (UVC), particularly transect-based survey, is a widely used method for the study of tropical and temperate fish assemblages. However, due to logistical constraints associated with conventional SCUBA diving, deeper habitats, such as vertical rocky reefs, are rarely studied and poorly known. This paper describes the Deep Vertical Transect (DVT) method as a safe and effective method for assessing fish in waters up to 50 m of depth. It is based on sampling of vertical transects browsing within it (S-type transect) by divers using Full HD video cameras. The diving profile includes the use of deep decompression stops and Nitrox 50 as a decompression gas. Hence, the study yields information on fish assemblages associated with deeper vertical coralligenous reefs. The results of 51 recorded species, yielded 41 considered as reef-associated and 10 as occasional. This suggests that underwater steep coralligenous reefs are marine biodiversity hotspots. They may be considered to represent a distinctive marine subecosystem, possessing its own food chain, with the depth, in relation to temperature, as the most important factor responsible for the diversity of fish assemblages within this habitat.
Pathogenicity of an Invasive Bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida in Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita – Evaluation of Immune Response Using Effective Molecular Markers
Authors: Pal Subharthi , Roy Dola , Ray Sriparna Datta , Homechaudhuri Sumit
Published: October 2020

Effects of Aeromonas salmonicida on the non-specific immune response, oxidative stress and subsequent cell death in liver and spleen of Labeo rohita exposed to asymptomatic dose (2 × 107 CFU/mL) of pathogen were studied. Evaluation of in vivo non-specific immunity via Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay and serum bactericidal activity assay exhibited significant alterations among infected fishes, indicating temporary surge of innate immune responses. Considerable cell death and damage was observed in the histopathological analysis of liver and spleen in the infected fishes. Flow cytometric analysis by FITC-Annexin V/PI conclusively indicated triggering of apoptotic cell death in both organs. Relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα) gene, antimicrobial protein producing genes (Lysozyme C and Lysozyme G) and apoptosis effector molecule (Caspase 3) gene were increased significantly both in liver and spleen of A. salmonicida treated fishes. In conclusion, infection with A. salmonicida at asymptomatic level resulted in severe oxidative stress that, caused apoptotic cell death. Since facultative pathogen eradication is not possible in open water or flowthrough aquaculture systems, this remains a crucial area of scientific research and the results obtained in the present study might provide better understanding of prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic measures during aquaculture.
Sickle cell anaemia in vaso-occlusive crisis and acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Ezeanochie Michael , Olokor Oghenefegor , Yamah Ofure
Published: October 2020

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is an uncommon condition that manifests in the third trimester of pregnancy.Its association with vaso-occlusive crisis from Sickle Cell Anaemia is not common. Published data on the simultaneous occurrence of these two conditions is rare, hence this case report. A 32-year-old gravida 3 para 1+1 lady, with Sickle Cell Anaemia, had a vaso-occlusive crisis in association with AFLP at 32 weeks’ gestation, and the outcome of her management was successful. AFLP is a rare late-gestational event affecting about 1 in 10,000 to 15,000 pregnancies. The exact aetiology is not known. Profound hypoglycaemia and jaundice with elevated serum transaminases are recognized features of AFLP.These features may also be seen in haemoglobinopathies. The simultaneous occurrence of AFLP and Sickle Cell Anaemia may result in overlap of symptoms and delay in diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, maintaining a high index of suspicion is key. The cornerstone for treatment remains prompt delivery and supportive care. AFLP can coexist with Sickle cell crises. It is important that care providers, especially in populations with high burden of Sickle Cell Anaemia, consider this as a differential diagnosis, especially when the jaundice is associated with profound or recurring episodes of hypoglycaemia. Prompt diagnosis and delivery in a multidisciplinary approach is important to avoid adverse maternal and foetal outcomes.Keywords: Vaso-occlusive crises, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, hypoglycaemia, Sickle-cell anaemiaFunding: No funding sources
Factors contributing to road crashes among commercial vehicle drivers in the Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana in 2017
Authors: Poku Samuel , Bandoh Delia , Kenu Ernest , Kploanyi Emma , Addo- Lartey Adolphina
Published: October 2020

Objective: The study assessed driver, vehicular and road-related factors associated with road crashes (RC) in the Kintampo North Municipality.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: Kintampo North MunicipalityData source: Demographics, vehicular and road usage information on registered drivers at Ghana Private Road and Transport Union (GPRTU) and Progressive Transport Owners Association (PROTOA) in Kintampo North MunicipalityMain outcome: involvement in road crashes and related factorsResult: A total of 227 drivers were approached for this study. None of them declined participation. They were all males. Most were between 28-37 years (30%). The proportion of drivers that reported RC ever involvement in at least one RC was 55.5% (95% CI: 8.0%, 62.1%). In the bivariate analysis, drink and drive changed lane without signalling, ever bribed police officer, drove beyond the maximum speed limit, paid a bribe at DVLA for driving license, violation of traffic signals were found to be associated with RC involvement (p<0.05). Drivers who violated traffic signals had 2.84 odds of being involved in road crashes compared to those who did not [aOR; 2.84 (95%CI:1.06,7.63)]Conclusion: The proportion of drivers ever involved in road crashes was high. The major factor that is associated with RC involvement was a violation of the traffic light signals. Continuous driver education and enforcement of road traffic regulations by the appropriate authorities could curb the road crash menace in the Municipality.Keywords: commercial drivers, road crashes, vehicle, road signs, traffic light signalFunding: The authors funded this work.
Effect of health seeking behaviour of caregivers on severe malaria outcome in under-fives seen in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria
Authors: Nwaneri Damian , Sadoh Ayebo
Published: October 2020

Background: Recognition of the symptoms and seeking prompt treatment in a health facility is a major means of reducing morbidity and prevention of mortality from severe malaria in under-fives.Objectives: To document the effect of health-seeking behaviour of caregivers and severe malaria outcome in underfives seen in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from July 2012 – June 2013. Data were obtained using a researcher-administered questionnaire.Subjects: Caregivers and children (6 – 59 months) who presented with features of severe malaria according to World Health Organization criteria.Results: Of the 120 caregivers mean [SD] age (31.4 [7.0] years) /child pairs (24 [14.7] months), 35 (29%) caregivers had appropriate health-seeking behaviour. The commonest place visited for initial healthcare before presentation was the patent medicine vendors by 87 (73%) caregivers. Seventy-seven per cent of caregivers who did not have appropriate health-seeking behaviour were from the lower family social class (p = 0.03). Caregivers whose children presented with severe anaemia were significantly more likely to have appropriate health-seeking behaviour (p = 0.00). The mortality rate of severe malaria was 15 per 1000; of which 94% were children whose caregivers did not have appropriate health-seeking behaviour. Age younger than 2 years (p = 0.02), cerebral malaria (p = 0.01) and jaundice (p = 0.03) significantly predicted mortality in the children irrespective of the caregivers’ health-seeking behaviour status.Conclusion: Less than a third of the caregivers had appropriate health-seeking behaviour for their under-fives with severe malaria, and the majority of these were from the lower family social class. Cerebral malaria and jaundice significantly predicted mortality in children with severe malaria irrespective of caregivers’ health-seeking behaviour status.Keywords: behaviour, caregivers, severe malaria, health-seeking, outcomeFunding: The study was self-sponsored by the authors
Japanese Rural Communities and Their festivals in Postmodern Conditions
Authors: Keliyan Maya
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the author's sociological research results in two villages in the municipality of Kumano, Mie Prefecture, Japan: the fishing village of Hobo and the mountain village of Maruyama. The text aims to clarify the place and role of traditions in the postmodern lifestyle, the mechanisms of their "modernization," and use to revitalize local communities and preserve the Japanese cultural identity by studying their festivals. Local festivals are an essential cultural resource for protecting the traditions of Hobo and Maruyama. The activities for their organization and implementation largely determine the lifestyle of the local community. Their preservation requires both will and perseverance, as well as an innovative approach and ingenuity shown by their inhabitants. Collective action is an important factor in preserving local culture and traditions in Japanese villages. In Hobo, the local community's active life is due to the initiative, efforts and perseverance of its informal leader, and the enterprising local people who help him. In Maruyama, in addition to the enterprising local people and their organizations, the organizational assistance and support of the municipal administration and volunteers from other parts of the country are extremely important. With their initiatives and activities, local communities use the resources of tradition to achieve socially meaningful goals in postmodern conditions.
Attitudes toward Using and Teaching Confidence Intervals: A Latent Profile Analysis on Elementary Statistics Instructors
Authors: Kim Hyung Won , Kim Woo Jin , Wilson Aaron Thomas , Ko Ho Kyoung
Published: October 2020

The use of confidence intervals (CIs) for making a statistical inference is gaining popularity in research communities. To evaluate college statistics instructors’ readiness to teach CIs, this study explores their attitudes toward teaching CIs in elementary statistics courses, and toward using CIs in inferential statistics. Data were collected with a survey that classifies instructors’ attitudes on the basis of three previously established pedagogical components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. Based on the survey responses from 270 participants, we created three profiles (subgroups) via latent profile analysis, and identified each profile’s pattern of attitudes toward CIs and common characteristics of the instructors that fit each profile. In addition, we compared the profiles across groupings created by six variables: gender, academic background, statistics teaching experience, subject preference, degree level, and desire to improve teaching. The results of the latent profile analysis support three profiles within the population of statistics instructors, and the results of the comparative analysis of teacher characteristics indicate that the six variables are moderate to strong predictors of the grouping of the sample into three profiles.
Pensar o contemporâneo
Authors: Freire Carauta Alexandre Augusto , Chataignier Gustavo
Published: October 2020

A 41ª edição da Alceu, segunda deste ano, reforça o compromisso com o pluralismo, a densidade científica e a renovação. Compromisso empenhado desde a largada, há duas décadas. A maioria dos textos compõe o segundo volume do dossiê “Narrativas midiáticas: tempo presente e história cultural”, cuja publicação se iniciou na edição anterior, comemorativa dos 20 anos da revista. Esse eixo teórico agrega seis distintas abordagens e perspectivas sobre experiências narrativas.