bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a new class of cell-penetrating peptides by novel phage display platform
Authors: Liu Jinsha , Heddleston John , Perkins Douglas Raymond , Chen Jack Jia Hua , Ghanbarpour Ahmadreza , Smith Bill William , Miles Rebecca , Aihara Eitaro , Afshar Sepideh
Published: June 2024

The primary hurdles for small interference RNA (siRNA) in clinical use are targeted and cytosolic delivery. To overcome both challenges, we have established a novel platform based on phage display, called NNJA. In this approach, a lysosomal cathepsin substrate is engineered within the flexible loops of PIII, that is displaying a unique random sequence at its N-terminus. NNJA library selection targeting cell-expressed targets should yield specific peptides localized in the cytoplasm. That is because phage internalization and subsequent localization to lysosome, upon peptide binding to the cell expressed target, will result in cleavage of PIII, rendering phage non-infective. Such phage will be eliminated from the selected pool and only peptide-phage that escapes lysosomes will advance to the next round. Proof of concept studies with the NNJA library demonstrated cytosolic localization of selected peptide-phage and peptide-siRNA, confirmed through confocal microscopy. More importantly, conjugation of siHPRT to monomeric or multimeric NNJA peptides resulted in significant reduction in HPRT mRNA in various cell types without significant cytotoxicity. Sequence similarity and clustering analysis from NGS dataset provide insights into sequence composition facilitating cell penetration. NNJA platform offers a highly efficient peptide discovery engine for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides to cytosol.
The disproportionate impact of enhanced evaporation from melting arctic sea ice on cold-season land precipitation trends
Authors: Liu Yubo , Tang Qiuhong , Zhang Chi , Chen Deliang , Francis Jennifer A. , Leung L. Ruby , Chen Hans W.
Published: June 2024

Diminishing Arctic sea ice has led to enhanced evaporation from the Arctic marginal seas (AMS), which is expected to alter precipitation over land. In this work, AMS evaporation is numerically tracked to quantify its contribution to cold-season (October–March) precipitation over land in the Northern Hemisphere during 1980–2021. Results show a significant 32% increase in AMS moisture contribution to land precipitation, corresponding to a 16% increase per million square km loss of sea ice area. Especially over the high-latitude land, despite the fractional contribution of AMS to precipitation being relatively low (8%), the augmented AMS evaporation contributed disproportionately (42%) to the observed upward trend in precipitation. Notably, northern East Siberia exhibited a substantial rise in both the amount and fraction of extreme snowfall sourced from the AMS. Our findings underscore the importance of the progressively ice-free Arctic as an important contributor to the escalating levels of cold-season precipitation and snowfall over northern high-latitude land.
Capturing relationships between suturing sub-skills to improve automatic suturing assessment
Authors: Cui Zijun , Ma Runzhuo , Yang Cherine H. , Malpani Anand , Chu Timothy N. , Ghazi Ahmed , Davis John W. , Miles Brian J. , Lau Clayton , Liu Yan , Hung Andrew J.
Published: June 2024

Suturing skill scores have demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for patient functional recovery. The suturing can be broken down into several substep components, including needle repositioning, needle entry angle, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been explored to automate suturing skill scoring. Traditional approaches to skill assessment typically focus on evaluating individual sub-skills required for particular substeps in isolation. However, surgical procedures require the integration and coordination of multiple sub-skills to achieve successful outcomes. Significant associations among the technical sub-skill have been established by existing studies. In this paper, we propose a framework for joint skill assessment that takes into account the interconnected nature of sub-skills required in surgery. The prior known relationships among sub-skills are firstly identified. Our proposed AI system is then empowered by the prior known relationships to perform the suturing skill scoring for each sub-skill domain simultaneously. Our approach can effectively improve skill assessment performance through the prior known relationships among sub-skills. Through the proposed approach to joint skill assessment, we aspire to enhance the evaluation of surgical proficiency and ultimately improve patient outcomes in surgery.
An electrochemical method based on CRISPR-Cas12a and enzymatic reaction for the highly sensitive detection of tumor marker MUC1 mucin
Authors: Jin Zhenhuan , Xiao Wei , Shen Lin , Shi Xiaoxue , Li Jianping
Published: June 2024

An electrochemical aptamer biosensor based on the CRISPR-Cas12a system was constructed for the detection of cancer tumor biomarker MUC1 mucin, the sensitivity was significantly improved by employing the enzyme catalytic reaction.
Electrochromic visualization of latent fingermarks deposited on nonconductive surfaces
Authors: Kong Yawen , Shi Xiuge , Wang Meng , Chen Weiyi , Li Lu , Zhang Lan , Xiao Debao
Published: June 2024

Latent fingermarks on non-conducting surfaces such as glass, ceramics, and plastics can be visualized electrochromically using benzyl viologen and with the assistance of gold layer.
Simultaneous determination of 78 pesticide residues and 16 mycotoxins in tsampa by an improved QuEChERS method coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yan Xiaoxian , Zhang Hongyan , Zhu Zhehui , Xie Yujie , Wu Xingqiang , Shi Zhihong , Fan Chunlin , Chen Hui
Published: June 2024

Tsampa may contain pesticide residues and mycotoxins, which may pose a risk to human health.
Cell-SELEX and application research of a DNA aptamer against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line TE-1
Authors: Jin Baijiang , Yang Gaojian , Guo Zhukang , Chen Zhu , Liu Yuan , Li Song , Chen Hui , Fang Yile , Deng Yan , He Nongyue
Published: June 2024

This work reports a DNA aptamer selected with the cell-SELEX method, which specifically binds to esophageal cancer cell line TE-1 with great affinity and specificity both in vitro and in vivo.
Selective binding of c-MYC G-quadruplex caged in a dsDNA by a hemopeptide
Authors: Massalha Leen , Levin Adiel Richter , Adiram-Filiba Nurit , Golub Eyal
Published: June 2024

A hemopeptide ligand for G-quadruplex exhibits selective binding towards c-MYC GQ caged inside a double-stranded DNA configuration via a synergistic interplay between the heme moiety and peptide chain.
Direct photocatalytic C–H functionalization mediated by a molybdenum dioxo complex
Authors: Baumberger Courtney L. , Valley Victoria Z. , Chambers Matthew B.
Published: June 2024

Direct photocatalytic C–H activation is achieved with the transition metal oxo complex MoO2Cl2(bpy-tBu). The reoxidation conditions and mechanism, catalytic benchmarking, and stability limiting factors are presented.
Synthesis and stability of the [45Ti]Ti–DOTA complex: en route towards aza-macrocyclic 45Ti-based radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Roy Tamal , Pogorilyy Eduard , Kumarananthan Chubina P. , Kvitastein Unni A. , Foscato Marco , Törnroos Karl W. , Adamsen Tom C. H. , Le Roux Erwan
Published: June 2024

We report the first use of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) as a chelator for titanium. The resulting complex is fully characterised and extended to the radiolabelling of DOTA with titanium-45.
Facile synthesis of Cu-based catalysts from Cu3Si and their catalysis properties study
Authors: Li Yonghui , Liu Xianhui , Zu Guangfu , Yang Zhiwei , Huang Xiao , Li Shaozhou
Published: June 2024

A novel method has been established for the synthesis of Cu-based catalysts suited for catalytic hydrogenation thanks to their improved hydrogen bonding capabilities.
New trends in nanoparticle exsolution
Authors: Carrillo Alfonso J. , López-García Andrés , Delgado-Galicia Blanca , Serra Jose M.
Published: June 2024

This article reviews the most promising trends in nanoparticle exsolution, a versatile fabrication route for highly efficient and robust nanocatalysts.
Discovery and development of tyrosine-click (Y-click) reaction for the site-selective labelling of proteins
Authors: Chatterjee Joydip , Bandyopadhyay Ayan , Pattabiraman Mahesh , Sarkar Rajib
Published: June 2024

This highlight provides an account of the discovery and advances in the tyrosine-click (Y-click) reaction and its extensive application in the mapping of proteins, imaging of living cells, and in the fields of analytical and medicinal chemistry.
Phosphine-catalyzed dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition of 4-nitroisoxazoles with allenoates or Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates
Authors: He Yongjun , He Tian-Juan , Cheng Xiufang , Wei Yibo , Wang Huamin , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: June 2024

An efficient phosphine-catalyzed dearomative [3+2] annulation of 4-nitroisoxazoles with allenoates or Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates has been established for the convenient synthesis of bicyclic isoxazoline derivatives.
First-principles prediction of half metallic-ferromagnetism in La0.25Sr0.75Sn0.4In0.25Ru0.35O3 and enhanced experimental electrical and magnetic behaviours
Authors: Barouni Samira , Brahmia Ameni , Chaker Hanen , Maslov Mikhail M. , Alhussein Akram , Ben Hassen Rached
Published: June 2024

Through co-doping of SrSnO3, a mechanochemical synthesis method produced La0.25Sr0.75Sn0.4In0.25Ru0.35O3, a nanoscale semiconducting perovskite with ferromagnetic properties, ideal for optoelectronics and spintronics.
MXene's surface functionalization patterns and their impacts on magnetism
Authors: Vénosová Barbora , Karlický František
Published: June 2024

The magnetic properties of Ti2C MXenes can be tuned by varying the coverage and patterns of oxygen and fluorine terminations, with potential applications in electronic nanodevices.
Partition analysis of dipole moments in solution applied to functional groups in polypeptide motifs
Authors: Fedorov Dmitri G.
Published: June 2024

A decomposition analysis of dipole moments is developed for density functional theory. Dipole moments of functional groups of polypeptides in solution reveal the importance of concerted contributions of carbonyls in α-helices.
Characterisation of magnetic atomic and molecular beamlines for the extraction of empirical scattering-matrices
Authors: Chadwick Helen
Published: June 2024

A combination of calibration experiments and modelling of the magnetic manipulation interferometer beamline allows empirical scattering matrices to be reliably extracted from the oscillation curves measured for hydrogen scattering from a surface.
Insight into the inhibitory potential of metal complexes supported by (E)-2-morpholino-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)ethanamine: synthesis, structural properties, biological evaluation and docking studies
Authors: Nayab Saira , Jan Kalsoom , Kim Seung-Hyeon , Kim Sa-Hyun , Shams Dilawar Farhan , Son Younghu , Yoon Minyoung , Lee Hyosun
Published: June 2024

Herein, the synthesis of M(ii) (M = Co, Cu, Zn, and Cd) complexes with morpholine-derived ligand is described that has shown significant urease inhibition, along with promising antioxidant and anticancer potential.
Protein sialylation affects the pH-dependent binding of ferric ion to human serum transferrin
Authors: Friganović Tomislav , Borko Valentina , Weitner Tin
Published: June 2024

Changes in the sialic acid content of human serum transferrin (hTf) alter its pH-dependent iron binding affinity. Desialylated hTf shows a preference for the diferric form, which may affect iron transport dynamics in different physiological states.
Yeast-derived N, P co-doped porous green carbon materials as metal-free catalysts for selective hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Zhao Hongfan , Zhou Yebin , Yin Chunyu , He Wei , Feng Feng , Wang Fengli , Lu Chunshan , Li Xiaonian
Published: June 2024

The N, P co-doped porous carbon materials were synthesized via the in situ pyrolysis of yeast post-water treatment and exhibited superior nitro hydrogenation performance using molecular hydrogen and hydrazine hydrate as hydrogen sources.
Inhibition of amyloid formation of bovine hemoglobin by bioactive phenolic acids: an elaborate investigation into their binding properties with the protein using multi-spectroscopic and computational techniques
Authors: Lyndem Sona , Giri Piyusaranjan , S. L. Aneesha , Bhatta Anindita , Kumari Kalpana , Jana Madhurima , Singha Roy Atanu
Published: June 2024

Interactions of bioactive phenolic acids with BHb were investigated using spectroscopic methods along with their inhibitory potential against bovine hemoglobin amyloid formation in vitro.
Bridging sustainability and catalytic efficiency: Cu7Co alloy-decorated biomass-derived carbon as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation
Authors: Chen Yali , Zhao Cuijiao , Wang Shuyu , Zhang Li , Liu Guoqiang , Dai Weiji , Zhang Yudong , Cui Can , Huang Saifang
Published: June 2024

A Cu7Co alloy-decorated carbon material derived from coconut shell waste was developed as a potent and cost-effective electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), exhibiting exceptional performance and stability in alkaline solutions.
Te nanowires: facile synthesis and application in the preparation of PtTe nanowires for ammonia oxidation
Authors: Luo Baomin , Huo Xinyu , Zhang Yezhen , Cheng Yuxin
Published: June 2024

Te nanowires prepared at room temperature were employed as templates to synthesize PtTe nanowires, which exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance for ammonia oxidation.
Reduction of CO2 with ammonia borane and selective formylation of amines in the presence of imidazolium halides
Authors: Skarżyńska A. , Trzeciak A. M.
Published: June 2024

The addition of the imidazolium halide ionic liquids increases the efficiency of N-methylaniline formylation with CO2 and NH3·BH3. This effect is illustrated by an increase in the 3a/2a ratio from 1.7 to approximately 10.
Long-range correlations in elastic moduli and local stresses at the unjamming transition
Authors: Chakraborty Surajit , Ramola Kabir
Published: June 2024

We explore the behaviour of spatially heterogeneous elastic moduli as well as the correlations between local moduli in model solids with short-range repulsive potentials.
Evaluation of dominant factors for stability of grid‐connected inverters based on impedance sensitivity analysis
Authors: Fang Lei , Feng Longji , Chu Chengbo , Xu Jun , Wu Rong , Fan Qingchuan
Published: June 2024

This article proposes a method for evaluating the dominant factors of grid‐connected inverters based on impedance models, which can achieve quantitative calculation of the dominant factors of system stability. First, an impedance model was established, and an analysis method based on the impedance model was proposed to calculate the absolute sensitivity. The control and circuit parameters of the grid‐connected inverter were calculated, and the impact trend of each parameter on system stability was obtained. Then, in order to eliminate the influence of dimensions between various parameters and achieve traceability of the dominant factors of stability, an absolute sensitivity stability analysis method was proposed to analyze the influencing factors of different frequency bands, and based on this, a suppression scheme of harmonic resonance is proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the method was verified through impedance sweep based on grid‐connected inverters.
Low‐carbon demand response program for power systems considering uncertainty based on the data‐driven distributionally robust chance constrained optimization
Authors: Zhao Ruifeng , Song Zehao , Xu Yinliang , Lu Jiangang , Guo Wenxin , Li Haobin
Published: June 2024

The demand response (DR) program is an effective solution to promote the low‐carbon operation of power systems with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper proposes a low‐carbon DR program for power systems to enhance both the environmental friendliness and uncertainty resilience of the system operation. The system operator aims to minimize both the system's operation cost and carbon trading cost. To handle the uncertainty associated with stochastic RES generation power and load consumption power, a data‐driven method named the two‐sided distributionally robust chance‐constrained (TS‐DRCC) approach is adopted to enhance the system's uncertainty resilience. A ladder‐type carbon trading scheme is utilized to calculate the carbon emission cost of the system. Comprehensive analyses of case studies have been conducted to validate that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the total carbon emissions and total operation costs with good uncertainty resilience performance. The proposed low‐carbon DR program is verified to achieve 63.64% more carbon emission reduction compared with the conventional DR program. Besides this, the proposed low‐carbon DR program can also achieve 4.39% carbon‐intensive generation power reduction and 5.52% RES power consumption compared with the conventional DR program.
Probabilistic approach of state transition elements of truss structures at corrosion
Authors: Matseevich Tatiana A. , Dankov Saveliy A.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the presented study is to determine and mathematically model the reliability of a steel truss with different variants of local failures of rod elements due to corrosion processes. In order to achieve a quantitative reliability assessment, the truss structure is considered as a combination of subsystems containing relatively small groups of rod components. Numerical calculations of truss structures taking into account the influence of corrosion have been carried out. It is shown that the components of the truss system can change their state by different schemes. The transition from one state to another depends on the level of stress state, which is caused by corrosion effects. It is easier to visualize this in a binary system. The probability of failure-free performance of rod components over the operating time can be written in vector form. By the matrix analysis method, failure states and functional states can be determined. As an example, a 5-bar structural system of a metal staircase type truss is considered.
Stress-strain state of a plate located on an inhomogeneous base
Authors: Leontiev A.N. , Balandina K.V. , Homenko O.D.
Published: June 2024

At present, the problems of calculating structures on an elastic foundation are very relevant. In this regard, the influence of the inhomogeneity of the base on the stress-strain state of thin plates is investigated. Plates located on the Winkler elastic foundation and having hinged supports along the contour are considered. It is assumed that the value of the foundation bed coefficient has a symmetrical character of change relative to the middle of the plate, and within its limits is described by a quadratic law. The Ritz-Timoshenko variational method was used to study the stress-strain state of the plate. The calculation was performed in the Excel environment, while trigonometric functions were taken as approximating ones. Plates with different relative lengths are presented: short, medium length and long. It is shown that the effect of base inhomogeneity on the stress-strain state is most noticeable for long plates.
Technological Advancement Applications in the Real Estate and Construction Industry: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Tanrivermis Harun , Salami Monsurat Ayojimi , Tanrivermis Yesim
Published: June 2024

This study examines the influence of technological advancement on the real estate and construction industry. Research articles published between 2006 and 2023 on advanced technological advancements in the construction industry and real estate sector were obtained from the Web of Science analysis. A total of 155 research articles were eventually explored using the VOSviewer application. Bibliometric coupling and co-occurrence networks were employed. The findings revealed that most advanced technological applications are suitable for improving the construction industry and real estate sector. Digital transformation, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, blockchain technology, industry 4.0, and the Internet of Things positively influence the construction and real estate sectors. Advanced technology innovations revolutionised both industries and provided solutions to their long-standing problems. Most of the huge problems facing the real estate sector and construction industry are rectified with the adoption of advanced technological innovations. However, the construction and real estate industries were among the least in adopting the technology despite their huge challenges in operational functionality. This is the first paper on bibliometric analysis that draws the readers’ attention to link the strength of the relationship established among variables rather than focusing mainly on citations. The study carefully incorporates necessary bibliometric normality analysis to prevent misleading findings that could lead to unreliable investment decisions of the stakeholders in real estate and the construction industry.
Classification of functionally object activities of SID-type IP specialized industrial development system
Authors: Valentinovich Volgin Valentin , Dmitrievna Antoniadi Valeriia , Igorevich Nikishov Daniil
Published: June 2024

The completed classification studies showed a multitude of life cycle types of industrial park (IP) construction and allowed for updating the importance of additional modeling of project-oriented developer’s organizational structures for management of industrial park development (SID). The article provides structural classification of functionally object activities of SID-type IP specialized industrial development (SKTII), which defines the technological structure of this type of industrial construction. The research considers several types by defining types of capital construction facilities (CCF) by functional components (outcomes). A system of industrial park development prediction models is proposed comprising the effects of factor attributes xij on the observed value yij (outcome attribute) through the example of factor (aggregate) performance with the development of a strategic administrative map for brownfield IP.
CEO competencies as a condition for success in the digital economy
Authors: Yakhontova Elena , Korobeynikova Svetlana
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the current challenges of the emerging business environment in the digital economy. To the content and level of competence of CEOs, they must quickly and successfully carry out digital transformation and build a digital culture in their organizations and external environment. The survey results of the views of graduates and students of business education programs on the formation of their competencies and the role of higher-level business education programs, such as the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) program, in this process are presented.
Taxes on real estate- an effective economic management tool in many countries worldwide and lessons for Vietnam
Authors: Trung Luan Nguyen , Doan Hai Uyen , Duong Hai Doan , Minh Duc Nguyen , Hong Duyen Dang Thi
Published: June 2024

The state budget is a crucial political task for governments, with taxes being a significant source of revenue. In developed nations, property taxes constitute the primary source in total tax revenue and local budgets. Vietnam currently does not levy property taxes on real estate but only imposes taxes on agricultural land use and non-agricultural land use based on very low predetermined land values. Introducing property taxes not only generates a substantial and sustainable source of revenue for the budget but also helps curb speculation in land and real estate, promoting transparency in asset ownership. Due to a lack of comprehensive and standardized legal, technical, and economic statistics, and the rapidly changing market prices for land and real estate, formulating property tax laws in Vietnam has been challenging. Despite significant differences in conditions compared to other countries, property taxes are deemed essential in the near future. Researching theoretical foundations and the experiences of other nations in real estate tax laws, especially those undergoing economic transitions like Vietnam, is crucial. It is known that this tax has been under thorough examination to gradually develop, enact, and implement it in line with practical needs and, most importantly, to garner public and societal consensus.
Enhancing Accessibility to Objects of Cultural Heritage in Cities of Syran Arab Republic: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Alibrahim Lina , Danilina Nina , Teplova Irina
Published: June 2024

Historic city centres are significant cultural and economic hubs. However, they often encounter challenges in preserving their heritage amidst urbanisation and modernisation. This article presents an integrated approach that combines theoretical insights with innovative methodologies to address the urban planning dilemmas facing historic centres. Additionally, the article analyses mobility dynamics within these centres using analytical techniques to accurately decipher pedestrian and vehicular movement patterns. The objective of this article is to optimise street intersections and enable informed decisions in city design and infrastructure development through the use of mathematical analysis. The study analyses various transportation elements to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex transportation system by linking them to key aspects. This study presents an integrated framework that promotes the development of adaptable transportation systems in urban environments. The aim is to facilitate innovative solutions and the seamless integration of diverse transportation modes into urban planning frameworks. The development of road networks in historic cities aims to balance cultural preservation with modern transportation integration, striving to maintain authenticity while implementing sustainable solutions.
Die Daumensattelgelenksarthrose – Aspekte zur Indikationsstellung von
Resektionsarthroplastik und Daumensattelgelenksprothese
Authors: Windhofer Christian Matthias , Hirnsperger Christoph , Lill Markus
Published: June 2024

Die Daumensattelgelenksarthrose stellt die häufigste operationsbedürftige
Arthrose an der Hand dar, wenngleich vor jeder operativen Therapie immer die
konservativen Maßnahmen ausgereizt werden sollen. Wird bei Fortschreiten der
Gelenkabnutzung jedoch anhaltend die Funktion des Daumens und somit der gesamten
Hand schmerzbedingt eingeschränkt, ist eine chirurgische Behandlung indiziert.
Bereits 1947 publizierte Gervis Ergebnisse nach Entfernung des Trapeziums und
leitete damit die Entwicklung einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher
Operationsverfahren ein. Das Hauptproblem nach Resektionsarthoplastiken mit oder
ohne Sehneninterposition und/oder Suspension stellt nach wie vor die sehr lange
Rehabilitationszeit dar. Nach der Einführung der ersten Prothese des
Daumensattelgelenkes durch De la Caffiniere vor 50 Jahren kam es zu einer
raschen Entwicklung hin zu den aktuellen modularen, bipolaren Implantaten. Vor
allem im deutschsprachigen Raum besteht nach wie vor eine gewisse Skepsis
bezüglich der Prothesen, weshalb diese Arbeit beide chirurgischen Verfahren mit
besonderem Augenmerk auf die Aspekte der Indikationsstellung beleuchten
soll.
Aktuelle Trends bei der Implantation der Touch-Prothese am
Daumensattelgelenk: Ergebnisse des 1. deutschsprachigen
Anwendertreffens
Authors: Herren Daniel B. , Beaulieu Jean-Yves , Calcagni Maurizio , Erling Christoph , Jung Martin , Kaulich Axel , Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion , Papaloïzos Michaël , Rosenkranz Anton , Vögelin Esther , Marks Miriam
Published: June 2024

Durch die Einführung der neuesten Generation von Daumensattelgelenksprothesen zur
Behandlung der Rhizarthrose hat sich das handchirurgische Behandlungsspektrum in
den letzten Jahren deutlich erweitert. Der technische Anspruch dieser Operation
und die vielen Details, die es zu beachten gilt, bedingen jedoch ein
entsprechendes Training und eine damit verbundene Lernkurve. Um Erfahrungen mit
der Touch Daumensattelgelenksprothese auszutauschen, haben wir das erste
deutschsprachige Anwendertreffen zur Daumensattelgelenksprothetik in Zürich
durchgeführt. Nach einigen grundlegenden Einführungsvorträgen zur Biomechanik
und zu den Prinzipien der prothetischen Versorgung des Daumensattelgelenkes
wurden in interaktiven Expertenrunden die verschiedenen Herausforderungen um die
Daumensattelgelenksprothetik diskutiert. Anschließend wurden in Kleingruppen
unter kundiger Leitung Fälle besprochen und die jeweiligen Konklusionen im
Plenum diskutiert. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieses Symposiums sind in diesem
Manuskript zusammengefasst.
College students’ entrepreneurship policy, regional entrepreneurship spirit, and entrepreneurial decision-making
Authors: Huang Yangjie , Zhang Jiali , Xu Ying , Sun Shuanglei , Bu Yajing , Li Sihui , Chen Yingying
Published: June 2024

College students represent a burgeoning force in mass entrepreneurship, underscoring the critical need to nurture their entrepreneurial endeavors. This study adopts a quantitative method, surveying 33,660 Chinese college students engaged in entrepreneurial activities. It examines the impact of various entrepreneurial policies and regional entrepreneurship spirit on these students’ decision-making processes. The findings reveal a positive correlation between entrepreneurial policies and entrepreneurial decision-making among college students, with regional entrepreneurship spirit serving as a mediator. Gender influences the relationship between regional entrepreneurship spirit and entrepreneurial decision-making, primarily moderating the effects of supply-based and environmentally-oriented policies. Entrepreneurship must be deeply integrated within China’s unique social networks and informal institutional frameworks. The moderating influence of gender also highlights differing policy impacts among various student groups. This research contributes to the enhancement and understanding of the policy support mechanism’s effect on college students and underscores the necessity for precise implementation of entrepreneurship policies tailored to college students.
Dynamics analysis of an influenza epidemic model with virus mutation incorporating log-normal Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Zhang Xinhong , Zhang Xiaoshan , Jiang Daqing
Published: June 2024

A stochastic influenza epidemic model where influenza virus can mutate into a mutant influenza virus is established to study the influence of environmental disturbance. And the transmission rate of the model is assumed to satisfy log-normal Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. We verify that there exists a unique global positive solution to the stochastic model. By constructing proper Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions under which the stationary distribution exists are obtained. In addition, we discuss the extinction of the disease. Furthermore, we get the accurate expression of probability density function near the endemic equilibrium of the stochastic model. Finally, several numerical simulations are carried out to verify theoretical results and examine the influence of environmental noise.
Fundamental units of triadic interactions in Hall magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: How far can we go?
Authors: Banerjee Supratik , Halder Arijit
Published: June 2024

A systematic study has been carried out to obtain the fundamental units of triad interaction in Hall magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Instead of finding the elementary building blocks of nonunique mode-to-mode (M2M) transfer rates, we have investigated the fundamental units for uniquely defined combined transfers and convincingly showed that the mode-to-mode transfers can act as a practical base element for the same. In addition to the conventional field-specific mode-to-mode transfers, here we have introduced the idea of mode-specific transfers, which is found to be important for the turbulent cascade and the turbulent relaxed states. Whereas the Hall transfer is found to associate mode-to-mode transfers for mode-specific interactions (with a three-member basis), it presents a mixture of typical mode-to-mode (also with a three-member basis) and non-mode-to-mode (with a five-member basis) transfers for the field-specific interactions. The non-mode-to-mode transfers are shown to satisfy the triad conservation differently from the mode-to-mode transfers. However, they also possess an inherent non-uniqueness and hence cannot be determined unambiguously unlike the combined transfer rates.
Analysis of local strain fields around individual threading dislocations in GaN substrates by nanobeam x-ray diffraction
Authors: Hamachi T. , Tohei T. , Hayashi Y. , Usami S. , Imanishi M. , Mori Y. , Sumitani K. , Imai Y. , Kimura S. , Sakai A.
Published: June 2024

Position-dependent three-dimensional reciprocal space mapping (RSM) by nanobeam x-ray diffraction (nanoXRD) was performed to reveal the strain fields produced around individual threading dislocations (TDs) in GaN substrates. The distribution and Burgers vector of TDs for the nanoXRD measurements were confirmed by prerequisite analysis of multi-photon excited photoluminescence and etch pit methods. The present results demonstrated that the nanoXRD can identify change in the lattice plane structure for all types of TDs, i.e., edge-, screw-, and mixed TDs with the Burgers vector of b = 1a, 1c and 1m + 1c. Strain tensor components related to edge and/or screw components of the TDs analyzed from the three-dimensional RSM data showed a nearly symmetrical strained region centered on the TD positions, which were in good agreements with simulation results based on the isotropic elastic theory using a particular Burgers vector. The present method is beneficial in that it allows non-destructive analysis of screw components of TDs that tend to contribute to leakage characteristics and are not routinely accessible by conventional structural analysis. These results indicate that nanoXRD could be a powerful way to reveal three-dimensional strain fields associated with arbitrary types of TDs in semiconductor materials, such as GaN and SiC.
Assessing core ion thermal confinement in critical-gradient-optimized stellarators
Authors: Bañón Navarro A. , Roberg-Clark G. T. , Plunk G. G. , Fernando D. , Di Siena A. , Wilms F. , Jenko F.
Published: June 2024

We investigate the core confinement properties of two recently devised quasi-helically symmetric stellarator configurations, HSK and QSTK. Both have been optimized for large critical gradients of the ion temperature gradient mode, which is an important driver of turbulent transport in magnetic confinement fusion devices. To predict the resulting core plasma profiles, assuming a fixed edge temperature, we utilize an advanced theoretical framework based on the gyrokinetic codes GENE and GENE-3D, coupled to the transport code TANGO. Compared to the HSX stellarator, both HSK and QSTK achieve significantly higher core-to-edge temperature ratios, partly thanks to their smaller aspect ratios, with the other part due to more detailed shaping of the magnetic geometry achieved during optimization. The computed core confinement time, however, is less sensitive to core temperature than the fixed edge temperature, simply due to the disproportionate influence, the edge has on stored plasma energy. We, therefore, emphasize the possible benefits of further optimizing turbulence in the outer core region, and the need to include accurate modeling of confinement in the edge region in order to assess overall plasma performance of turbulence optimized stellarators.
Complex profile metrology via physical symmetry enhanced small angle x-ray scattering
Authors: Wang Dawei , Liang Hongtao , Yang Hairui , Yu Hong
Published: June 2024

Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) stands out as a promising solution in semiconductor metrology. The critical issue of SAXS metrology is to solve the SAXS inverse problem. With the increasing complexity of semiconductor devices, traditional strategies will face problems such as long iteration time and multiple solutions. To address these challenges, we develop a physical symmetry enhanced method to speed up the solution of the SAXS inverse problem for complex nanostructures. We incorporate the physical symmetry into a deep learning model, and a combined loss function is proposed to determine the correct structure in each step of training, which can continuously correct errors and make the model converge faster. The results show that the proposed method achieves high accuracy in determining the critical structural parameters of the complex profile gratings. Compared to traditional strategies, our method performs better in accuracy and does not require time-consuming iterations during reconstruction. The physical symmetry enhanced method provides a feasible way for achieving real-time reconstruction of complex profile nanostructures and is expected to promote the development of SAXS metrology.
Dominant heat transfer mechanism with conical roughness in a cubical box in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Chand Krishan , De Arnab Kr.
Published: June 2024

In the present study, we numerically investigate the effect of Prandtl number on the heat transfer mechanism in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection inside a cubical box endowed with conical roughness elements. The Rayleigh number is kept fixed at Ra=108, while the Prandtl number (Pr) varies from 1 to 50. In contrast to the monotonic increasing trend of the Nusselt number (Nu∼Pr0.27) in the two-dimensional (2D) roughness explored previously [Sharma et al., “Influence of Prandtl number in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection over rough surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Fluids 7, 104609 (2022)], it assumes an invariant behavior (∼Pr0.012) for three dimensional (3D), though it is approximately 50% higher than its smooth counterpart. Flow intensity, measured in terms of Reynolds number (Re), drops with increasing Pr showing consistently lower magnitude for the 3D configuration. The addition of roughness elements is observed to disrupt the preferred orientation of large-scale circulation (LSC). The effect is predominant for lower Pr, where the roughness interferes most with the natural bias of LSC toward the diagonal planes of the cubical box. The analysis of plume statistics reveals that both coverage and intensity of plumes are augmented for the roughened cell. Increased homogeneity in the flow at higher Pr is reflected by the emergence of a more pronounced and distinguishable peak in probability density functions of temperature and velocity. Temporal spectra and variance data substantiate augmented intensity of fluctuations in the rough cell, while behavioral differences in the flow at different Pr are elucidated by using cross correlation of vertical velocity and temperature fluctuations.
Deep learning assisted optimization of Ka-band relativistic backward wave oscillator operating in TM03 mode with low guiding magnetic field
Authors: Yang Wenjin , Li Yongdong , Wang Hongguang , Jiang Ming , Zhai Yonggui , Liu Chunliang
Published: June 2024

To accelerate the design of a high-power microwave device, a deep learning assisted multi-objective optimization method is used to optimize a Ka-band relativistic backward-wave oscillator (RBWO) operating with a low magnetic field. Particle-in-cell simulation results show that the optimized RBWO with a tooth-shaped slow wave structure (SWS) can generate microwave pulses with an output power of 1.24 GW and an operating frequency of 26.8 GHz under a diode voltage of 623.3 kV, and the diode current is 6.56 kA at a guiding magnetic field of 0.8 T. Compared with the original RBWO, the output power of the optimized RBWO has been increased by 201.2%, and the beam-to-microwave conversion efficiency has increased from 10.0% to 30.3%. The detailed analysis reveals that in an overmoded RBWO with low guiding magnetic fields, the introduction of a tooth-shaped SWS is beneficial to mode competition, improves output power, and decreases microwave starting time.
X-functionalized molybdenene monolayers (X = O, F, Al, Si, Cl)
Authors: Xu Longyuzhi , Huang Zhijing , Yang Li , Zeng Shuming , Gu Zonglin
Published: June 2024

Molybdenene synthesized experimentally is the sole Dirac material with metallic properties so far [Sahu et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 18, 1430 (2023)], exhibiting a wide array of unique and outstanding properties with potentially extensive applications. However, the free-standing molybdenene structure is not so stable, which highly limits its further exploitation. In this work, we employ density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate molybdenene monolayers functionalized with various elements (X = H, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl) at both basal surfaces, aiming at achieving the stable free-standing molybdenene derivatives. By evaluating the energetic, mechanical, dynamical, and thermodynamic properties, we confirm some stable monolayer structures of X-functionalized molybdenene (X = O, F, Al, Si, Cl), which are named as X-Molybdenene. Therefore, our findings stabilize the molybdenene via surface functionalization, which is crucial for future experimental validations and applications.
Investigation of reflection-based measurements of microwave kinetic inductance detectors in the optical bands
Authors: Hu Jie , Boussaha Faouzi , Nicaise Paul , Chaumont Christine , Appavou Maria , Pham Viet Dung , Piat Michel
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we investigate the single photon response from the reflection of the microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) array. Reflection measurements are carried out using two configurations: one is measured simultaneously with the transmission, and the other is obtained with a single-ended MKID array terminated with an open load. Compared with the transmission, reflection measurements significantly reduce the readout noise of the single-ended MKID array. This is also reflected in the improvement of the median energy resolving power by around 20%–30% under pulsed photon illumination at λ = 405 nm, mainly due to an increase in the size of the resonance circle on the IQ plane. This method has the potential to be used to read out large MKID arrays.
Carrier transport simulation methods for electronic devices with coexistence of quantum transport and diffusive transport
Authors: Tian Liang , Sha Wei E. I. , Xie Hao , Liu Dongxue , Sun Tian-Ge , Xia Yin-Shui , Chen Wenchao
Published: June 2024

In this manuscript, carrier transport simulation methods are proposed for devices with the coexistence of quantum transport and diffusive transport by combining the nonequilibrium Green's function method with the drift-diffusion transport simulation method. Current continuity between quantum transport and drift-diffusion transport is ensured by setting quantum transport current as the connection boundary condition of drift-diffusion simulation or by introducing quantum transport-induced carrier generation rates to drift-diffusion simulation. A comprehensive study of our method and the method combining the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) method with the drift-diffusion transport simulation method is performed for n-type tunnel oxide passivating contact solar cell to investigate their applicable conditions and balance the accuracy and computational cost. As the oxide barrier width, barrier height, and electron effective mass increase, or the doping concentration in the electron transport layer decreases to the extent that the blocking effect of the oxide barrier on light-generated electrons becomes significant, method I is more accurate since the transmission coefficient near the conduction band edge calculated by WKB is overestimated; otherwise, method II is more suitable due to its low computational cost without the loss of accuracy. In addition, the differences between current densities, carrier densities, and Shockley–Read–Hall recombination rates simulated under the two current continuity conditions for the solar cell with different carrier mobilities are also further explored and analyzed.
High-performance near-infrared vertical organic phototransistors through bulk heterojunction integration
Authors: Zhao Longfeng , Xie Haihong , Xia Jiangnan , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: June 2024

Organic phototransistors (OPTs) have emerged as promising candidates for advanced photodetector applications due to their high sensitivity, flexibility, and low-power operation. However, the photodetection performance of traditional OPTs with lateral structures is often compromised by extended charge carrier transport paths, leading to increased carrier trapping or recombination. Addressing this challenge, we introduce vertical organic phototransistors (VOPTs) with significantly shorter channel lengths (about 150 nm), aiming to enhance photoresponse performance. Through the fabrication of VOPTs incorporating PDVT-10:Y6 bulk heterojunctions, and a detailed investigation into the optimization strategies, we achieved a substantial improvement in device performance. The optimized VOPTs exhibited a photoresponsivity of 0.4 A/W, a specific detectivity of 1.2 × 1012 Jones under 808 nm near-infrared light, coupled with a rapid response time of approximately 20 ms—among the fastest reported for VOPTs to date. This study not only advances the understanding of VOPT device physics but also highlights the potential of integrating bulk heterojunctions for the development of high-performance VOPTs.
Nanoclay biosensor for rapidly detecting lung cancer biomarkers at room temperature: A first principles study
Authors: Qian Yinyin , Yang Huaming
Published: June 2024

The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled gas is crucial for noninvasive diagnostic applications in lung cancer. Herein, we systematically employed first-principle calculations to investigate the utilization of nanoclay as a sensing material for the development of sensitive biosensors for VOCs. In this study, the effect of VOCs adsorption on the structural and electronic properties of pristine kaolinite (Kaol) and transition metal [TM(II/III)] doped kaolinite [TM(II/III)-Kaol, TM = Fe, Co, and Ni] was investigated. The calculation results show that TM doping induces a slight structural perturbation, and VOCs lead to a decrease in the bandgap of pristine TM(II/III)-Kaol. Additionally, we have comprehensively discussed that the adsorption of VOCs causes significant changes in the electronic behavior of TM(II/III)-Kaol, including density of states, charge transfer, molecular front orbitals, and work functions. In particular, we also have calculated the recovery time to determine the reusability of the designed sensor material. Our results specifically support the fact that TM(II/III)-Kaol can be an attractive sensing material for VOCs biosensors.