bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Arterial Steno‐Occlusive Disease: Clinical and Radiological Outcomes
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Peng , Ren Bin , Wang Qian‐Nan , Li Jing‐Jie , Liu Jia‐Qi , Yu Dan , Zhang Qian , Bao Xiang‐Yang , Zhang Jian‐Ning , Duan Lian
Published: July 2024

Background

This study investigated the long‐term clinical and angiographic outcomes of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial steno‐occlusive disease to further evaluate the potential therapeutic role of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in this population.

Methods and Results

A total of 152 adult patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial steno‐occlusive disease who were treated with encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis and intensive medical management across 3 tertiary centers in China between January 2011 and September 2019 were retrospectively included. The primary outcomes were defined as postoperative cerebrovascular events, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The postoperative neovascularization was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using angiography. Clinical, radiological, and long‐term follow‐up data were analyzed using Cox regression, logistic regression, and linear regression analyses. Primary outcome rates were 3.2% (5/152) within 30 days, 6.6% (10/152) within 2 years, 9.2% (14/152) within 5 years, and 11.1% (17/152) during a median 9.13 years follow‐up. Initial infarction symptoms were positively associated with recurrent ischemic stroke. Additionally, posterior circulation involvement and coexisting cardiac disease indicated poorer neurological status, whereas encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis neovascularization efficacy was negatively associated with older age and vascular risk factors but positively associated with posterior circulation involvement.

Conclusions

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis plus intensive medical management appears efficacious and safe for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial steno‐occlusive disease, with low perioperative risk and favorable long‐term results. Further prospective trials are needed to verify its efficacy and determine the optimal patient selection criteria.
Estimated Pulse‐Wave Velocity and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Cerebral Small‐Vessel Disease in the NOMAS
Authors: Ariko Taylor A. , Aimagambetova Botagoz , Gardener Hannah , Gutierrez Jose , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Wright Clinton B. , Zhao Weizhao , Rundek Tatjana
Published: July 2024

Background

Pulse‐wave velocity is a measure of arterial stiffness and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, an estimated pulse‐wave velocity (ePWV) was introduced that was predictive of increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine whether ePWV was associated with cerebral small‐vessel disease on magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods and Results

We included 1257 participants from the NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study). The ePWV values were calculated using a nonlinear function of age and mean arterial blood pressure. The association between ePWV and white matter hyperintensity volume was assessed. Modification by race and ethnicity was evaluated. Associations between ePWV and other cerebral small‐vessel disease markers, covert brain infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular spaces, were explored as secondary outcomes. Mean±SD age of the cohort was 64±8 years; 61% were women; 18% self‐identified as non‐Hispanic Black, 67% as Hispanic, and 15% as non‐Hispanic White individuals. Mean±SD ePWV was 11±2 m/s in the total NOMAS population and was similar across race and ethnic groups. The ePWV was significantly associated with white matter hyperintensity volume (β=0.23 [95% CI, 0.20–0.26]) after adjustment. Race and ethnicity modified the association between ePWV and white matter hyperintensity volume, with stronger associations in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Black individuals. Significant associations were found between ePWV and covert brain infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, and perivascular spaces after adjustment.

Conclusions

The ePWV function may provide a vascular mechanism for deleterious cerebrovascular outcomes in individuals with cerebral small‐vessel disease and is particularly apparent in the racial and ethnic minorities represented in the NOMAS cohort.
Medial Temporal Lobe Damage Impairs Temporal Integration in Episodic Memory
Authors: DuBrow Sarah , Sherman Brynn E. , Meager Michael R. , Davachi Lila
Published: July 2024

Although the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the hippocampus in episodic memory is well established, there is emerging evidence that these regions play a broader role in cognition, specifically in temporal processing. However, despite strong evidence that the hippocampus plays a critical role in sequential processing, the involvement of the MTL in timing per se is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether patients with MTL damage exhibit differential performance on a temporal distance memory task. Critically, we manipulated context shifts, or boundaries, which have been shown to interfere with associative binding, leading to increases in subjective temporal distance. We predicted that patients with MTL damage would show impaired binding across boundaries and thus fail to show temporal expansion. Consistent with this hypothesis, unilateral patients failed to show a temporal expansion effect, and bilateral patients actually exhibited the reverse effect, suggesting a critical role for the MTL in binding temporal information across boundaries. Furthermore, patients were impaired overall on both the temporal distance memory task and recognition memory, but not on an independent, short-timescale temporal perception task. Interestingly, temporal distance performance could be independently predicted by performance on recognition memory and the short temporal perception task. Together, these data suggest that distinct mnemonic and temporal processes may influence long interval temporal memory and that damage to the MTL may impair the ability to integrate episodic and temporal information in memory.
Fifty Percent of the Time, Tones Come Every Time: Stronger Prediction Error Effects on Neurophysiological Sensory Attenuation for Self-generated Tones
Authors: Egan Sophie , Seidel Alexander , Weber Constanze , Ghio Marta , Bellebaum Christian
Published: July 2024

The N1/P2 amplitude reduction for self-generated tones in comparison to external tones in EEG, which has recently also been described for action observation, is an example of the so-called sensory attenuation. Whether this effect is dependent on motor-based or general predictive mechanisms is unclear. Using a paradigm, in which actions (button presses) elicited tones in only half the trials, this study examined how the processing of the tones is modulated by the prediction error in each trial in a self-performed action compared with action observation. In addition, we considered the effect of temporal predictability by adding a third condition, in which visual cues were followed by external tones in half the trials. The attenuation result patterns differed for N1 and P2 amplitudes, but neither showed an attenuation effect beyond temporal predictability. Interestingly, we found that both N1 and P2 amplitudes reflected prediction errors derived from a reinforcement learning model, in that larger errors coincided with larger amplitudes. This effect was stronger for tones following button presses compared with cued external tones, but only for self-performed and not for observed actions. Taken together, our results suggest that attenuation effects are partially driven by general predictive mechanisms irrespective of self-performed actions. However, the stronger prediction-error effects for self-generated tones suggest that distinct motor-related factors beyond temporal predictability, potentially linked to reinforcement learning, play a role in the underlying mechanisms. Further research is needed to validate these initial findings as the calculation of the prediction errors was limited by the design of the experiment.
Testing a Set of fMRI Paradigms to Detect the “Covert Cognition” Phenomenon on a Sample of Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Cherkasova Anastasiia N. , Yatsko Kseniia A. , Kovyazina Maria S. , Varako Natalia A. , Kremneva Elena I. , Ryabinkina Yulia V. , Suponeva Natalia A. , Piradov Mikhail A.
Published: July 2024

Background. The authors developed a specialized set of functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigms, based on data from general psychology, neuropsychology and previous studies, to diagnose the “covert cognition” phenomenon on a Russian-speaking sample of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. Before using this set with patients, it is advisable to carry out testing on a group of healthy people with preserved consciousness in order to detect significant clusters of activation corresponding to paradigms and to assess their reproducibility at the individual level. Objectives. The study is aimed at testing the proposed set of fMRI paradigms in order to detect the “covert cognition” phenomenon on a sample of healthy volunteers. Study Participants. Sample included 10 healthy volunteers (3 men, 7 women, M = 44 years, SD = 17). Methods. The study was performed on a magnetic resonance imaging scanner “Magnetom Verio”, “Siemens” with a magnetic field strength of 3 Tesla. The hierarchical set of nine passive and three active paradigms was presented to participants. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPM12. Results. As a result of group analysis, significant clusters of activation were observed in six passive paradigms, covering the perception of tactile (“writing” a letter on the abdomen), auditory non-speech (alarm clock, two musical fragments without words) and speech stimuli. Auditory speech paradigms (audio fragment from the film with obscene language, testee`s name within the “cocktail party” effect) were the most reproducible paradigms at the individual level. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to apply the proven paradigms in further studies to detecting the “covert cognition” phenomenon on a Russian-speaking sample of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. Data on brain activation in healthy volunteers in different paradigms enriches theoretical understanding of cerebral organization of cognitive functions.
Teachers’ and Psychologists’ Attitude to a Toy: the Historical Dynamics of Value Orientations in Russia
Authors: Ryabkova Irina A. , Mazmaniants Margarita G.
Published: July 2024

Background. Along with toys that society offers for children's play, the values of this society are broadcast. Children's play turns out to be dependent on the ideology, adults’ ideas about its structure, meaning and place in children's life. The attitude towards toys reflects the attitude of adults towards children, and changes along with the socio-cultural situation. The study of this dynamics is necessary not only to expand scientific understanding of toys, but also to understand what contribution adults make to the construction of the phenomenon of childhood. Objectives. The aim is to study the dynamics of attitudes towards toys during the period from the late 19th to early 21st centuries. Study Material. The study used 110 sources, 75 of which made up the final list of references. Methods. Theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature of the late 19th — early 21st centuries devoted to the theme of children's toys was conducted. Results. Two shifts in attitude to toys have been found due to changes in the socio–cultural situation in Russia. The first shift is associated with the revolution and the emergence of the USSR, and the second one with the Perestroika and collapse of the USSR. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a child was understood as a subject of play activity, independently creating toys in accordance with their play ideas. So, a toy is any object that is used in play, a good toy is a homemade toy. Choosing the right toys requires observation of a child's play. With the emergence of the USSR, play became a way of pedagogical influence on a child. Toys were regarded as means of education and training. Therefore, they were to be chosen based on the goals of communism: by playing with them, the child became a Soviet citizen. Toys are understood as created by adults for children with good toys being aimed at the development of a Soviet citizen. With the collapse of the USSR, the pluralism of opinions in the field of play and toys is growing. The number of studies in this area is increasing and there is an understanding of the need to create an objective tool for assessment of toys. Conclusions. The study shows the dynamics of the attitude of teachers and psychologists to a toy in conditions of changing socio-cultural situations.
Phylogenetic position, typification and emended description of Mallomonas matvienkoae (Chrysophyceae, Synurales)
Authors: GUSEV EVGENIY , SHKURINA NATALIYA , MARTYNENKO NIKITA
Published: July 2024

We determined the phylogenetic position and clarified the morphological structure of scales and bristles of the widespread taxon Mallomonas matvienkoae Asmund & Kristiansen. The available images of M. matvienkoae scales published in floristic works from different regions of the world refer to different morphotypes. Molecular data show heterogeneity in the M. matvienkoae species complex. Therefore, a revision of this complex is required, including the establishment of the phylogenetic position and morphological type of scales and bristles of M. matvienkoae. While studying chrysophytes in Russia, we isolated and studied a strain of the genus Mallomonas. The structure of its scales is similar to the image shown in the description of M. matvienkoae. Based on material from Russia, we selected an epitype and emended the diagnosis of this taxon. Establishing the phylogenetic position and distinguishing the morphological type will help to revise numerous finds of similar morphotypes and genetic lineages previously identified as M. matvienkoae, but with obvious morphological and molecular differences from this taxon.
One new species of the genus Alloteratura Hebard, 1922 (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) and supplement of Alloteratura (Alloteratura) flabellata Xin & Shi, 2019
Authors: DUAN YUETING , WANG YANG , CUI PENG , CHANG YANLIN
Published: July 2024

This paper describes one new species of the genus Alloteratura Hebard, 1922 from China, i.e. Alloteratura (Alloteratura) curvata sp. nov. In addition, supplementary description and morphological photographs of Alloteratura (Alloteratura) flabellata Xin & Shi, 2019 are provided and its intraspecific variation is discussed.
New findings of the family Pardaliscidae from the southwestern Atlantic: the genus Halicoides Walker, 1896
Authors: NASCIMENTO PRISCILA S. DO , SEREJO CRISTIANA S.
Published: July 2024

Halicoides is a diverse genus of Pardaliscid previously known from the Atlantic Ocean (North and SE), and the Pacific Ocean (SW and NE). This is the first record of Halicoides from off the Brazilian coast, SW Atlantic Ocean. Samples were collected with box core and/or van veen grabs between Espírito Santo, Campos and Santos Basins (19º–26º S), from shallow waters to deep-sea depths (29–3084 m), expanding the world bathymetry of the genus. Two new species is herein described, Halicoides campensis sp. nov., which differs from all Halicoides species by combination of characters as: gnathopod 1, carpus and propodus with sparse setae; pereopods 3–4, merus and carpus strongly robust; urosomite 2 with dorsal tooth tiny, but distinguishable; uropod 3, outer ramus bi-articulated with small article 2 about 10% the length of the ramus; and Halicoides iemanja sp. nov., which can be distinguished by antenna 1, primary flagellum with many long aesthetascs; pereopods 3–4, merus and carpus weakly expanded; urosomite 2 dorsally smooth; pereopod 5, dactylus as long as the propodus; uropod 3, outer ramus biarticulated with article 2 about 18% the length of the ramus. Based on the species described herein, the diagnosis of the genus is modified and a world key for all 14 known Halicoides species is provided. The present study is an effort in understanding and unrevealing the macrofauna from the Brazilian margin bringing new data on the family Pardaliscidae that was found in a wide bathymetric range of the Campos, Santos and Espírito Santo Basins.
Campus Public Art from a Cultural Perspective
Authors: Qian Qiao , Weijia Li , Huiyu Yang , Jinhua Li
Published: July 2024

Public Art on campus is different from common public art. The public space on campus is an important environment to improve the quality of higher education. The campus environment should not only be beautiful and visual, but also enhance the campus cultural temperament, embody the campus spirit and have the function of cultural education. Based on the investigation and analysis of the cases of campus public art, this paper points out the general characteristics of campus public art, and points out the general problems in the theme and form. By taking the campus public art as the research object under the contemporary cultural background, this paper clarifies the new requirements of high-quality education on the campus public space in the new era, this paper points out the cultural connotation of campus public art and the artistic characteristics of campus public art in the new era, and puts forward a set of theoretical basis and design principles for public art to intervene in campus public space. The theoretical frameworks and practical art projects that emerge in this context provide valuable experiences and insights for the future development of campus public art. Public Art on campus not only enriches campus life but also promotes the holistic development of students, enabling them to grow into individuals with innovative spirits and a sense of humanistic care, influenced by both aesthetics and thought.
Rapid Identification of the Spruce Bark Beetle Ips typographus (Linnaeus) Basing on a New Amplification and Analysis Platform
Authors: Jiaying Wang , Junxia Cui , Shuyi Yan , Li Liu , Xianfeng Chen
Published: July 2024

Insects, one of the major disturbance agents, are regarded as a big challenge to forests. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are among the most destructive pests around the world. The European spruce bark beetle I. typographus (Linnaeus) is considered the most dangerous species to mature spruce forests throughout Eurasia. In order to improve efficiency, accuracy, and operability of identification, a rapid, simple, highly sensitive and specific screening method is in urgent need. In this study, a rapid classification approach for I. typographus was established based on the enzyme-mediated duplex exponential amplification (EmDEA) amplification and analysis platform. The method development process consists of target gene selection, primer design, primer screening, and method validation. Parameter analysis demonstrated that this new method has a detection limit of 1.96×103 copies/μL, which is comparable to conventional molecular tools such as PCR. Stable repeatability and high specificity were confirmed by testing 5 samples of I. typographus and 4 related beetles. Besides, this screening protocol was easy to use, and could be completed in 30 min. With the advantage of isothermal amplification, this method could be further applied in non-laboratory scenarios such as port rapid screening and wild survey. This rapid screening method for I. typographus is believed to assist precise prediction and efficient prevention of exotic insect species.
Epiphytic Dynamics of the Adaptations to the Changes of Habitats in Taï National Park
Authors: Anthelme Gnagbo , Mathieu Egnankou , Junior Pagny , Lydie Kouao , Carmel Yao , Marie-Solange Tiébré , Henri Kouassi , Yves Adou
Published: July 2024

Anthropogenic pressures in the eastern zone of the Taï National Park have led to the fragmentation of plant formations. The forests in the eastern part of the park have suffered significant degradation of plant cover and a significant loss of biodiversity. Therefore, this study makes it possible to contribute to monitoring the dynamics of reconstitution of the plant cover based on the ecological characteristics and the distribution of epiphytes present in the Djapadji management sector. Floristic inventories were carried out. In the plots, all trees with a DBH ≥ 5 cm were counted and recorded for the study of the structure of plant formations, all species carrying an epiphyte were recorded and the epiphyte was identified. The analysis of the data presents a flora composed of 26 epiphytes distributed in 18 genera and 9 families, mainly present in mountain forests. The diversity of epiphytic plants is highest in mountain forests, followed by hydromorphic, secondary and gallery forests. Strict epiphytes and Hemiepiphytes are more present in the most preserved habitats, while accidental epiphytes are observed in reconstitution biotopes. The distribution of epiphytic plants allows us to affirm that the formerly anthropized forests of the Djapadji sector present a good dynamic of reconstitution.
Infectious Cerebellitis Rare Entity About Two Cases
Authors: Boussaid Imane , Chahid Imane , Harim Fatima , Abkari Abdelhak , Bentaleb Daoud , Gilius Wilhem
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Cerebellitis is an inflammatory pathology of cerebellar structures more common in children, frequently of post-infectious origin or following vaccination, seldom during a viral or bacterial infection. Ataxia is most frequently caused by dysfunction of the complex circuitry connecting the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Results: We report the case of 2 patients aged 3 and 10 years presenting acute cerebellitis of infectious origin: Ataxic syndrome associated with balance disorders and speech disorders and fever. The evolution was quickly favorable with corticosteroid therapy and proprioceptive physiotherapy. The absence of fatalities in our case report suggests early diagnosis, and steroid treatment can increase the chance of recovery. Discussion: Clinical presentations are deceptive and variable with cerebellar symptoms of acute kinetic and static ataxia with inflammatory signs. The treatment is based on steroids when symptoms are moderate to severe. Antimicrobial therapy should always be considered, because ataxia can be a presenting sign of both viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis. The prognosis for acute cerebellitis is generally favorable. The courses vary from what is commonly a benign and self-limiting disease to what occasionally is fulminant disease resulting in several cerebellar damage or even sudden death. Conclusion: Recognizing ataxia in children can be difficult, which is why a lumbar punction should be considered if infectious cerebellitis is suspected. Most people fully recover, however there is a risk of lasting disability.
Dental Prediction Factors of Schizophrenia: A Pilot Case-Control Study in Morocco
Authors: Nafiaa Hind , Boulatar Yousra , Idrissi Intissar , Zabarra Meryem , Zaoui Fatima , Bahije Loubna
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study suggests that some dental or skeletal characteristics may be potentially associated with schizophrenia. Method: A case control study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 among 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 control patients. Data was collected through a clinical exam and radiographs for each patient. Different variables were assessed including teeth dimensions, maxillary and mandibular width, occlusal characteristics and cephalometric values: SNB, IMPA, and FMA. Proportions and mean with standard deviations were used as descriptive measures. Only variables with p-values < 0,05 were considered as statistically significant and associated with schizophrenia. Results: The mean ages of schizophrenia patients and controls were 34.0 +/- 9,12 and 17,3 +/- 2.0 years respectively. The results reported a statistically significant difference, between the two groups, at maxillar and mandibular arch depth [p < 0,001 and p=0,036 respectively], SNB [p = 0,013], overbite [p < 0,001], overjet [p = 0,002] and spee curve [p = 0,006]. Conclusion: According to these study findings, some dental, skeletal and occlusal characteristics may be related to schizophrenia. However, further studies with larger sample sized and long-term follow-up may be needed to confirm these findings.
Preparation and Evaluation of Ranitidine Hydrochloride Floating Microspheres
Authors: Andrew Ezegbe , Chidera Anikwe , Ekemezie Okorie , Pauline Okafor , Chinedu Nwankwo , Godswill Onunkwo
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Ranitidine hydrochloride, a member of the H2-receptor antagonist class, is widely employed in treating gastrointestinal conditions like ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome by reducing gastric acid production. Microspheres, designed for extended drug delivery and enhanced bioavailability, were formulated and evaluated in this study. Aim: To develop ranitidine hydrochloride microspheres capable of prolonging drug delivery and improving bioavailability. Methods: The inotropic gelation method was utilized to prepare alginate microspheres incorporating polymers such as ethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, HPMC, and carbopol®. The resulting drug-loaded microspheres exhibited spherical rigidity after cross-linking with a 10% w/v calcium chloride solution. Evaluation parameters including Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis, precompression characteristics, percentage yield, swelling index, and drug content were determined. Results: The FTIR results obtained, showed there was no incompatibility among the excipients and the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) obtained, indicated the presence of spherical particles present in the formulation. The pre-compression evaluation showed that the angle of repose ranged from 4.85 ± 0.02 to 7.22 ± 0.06o for batched F4 and F1 respectively, while the Carr’s index ranged from 73.5 ± 2.47% to 87.00 ± 3.53% for batches F-7 and F-1 respectively. The percentage yield ranged from 73.5 ± 2.47% to 87.00 ± 3.53% for batches F-7 and F-1 respectively. In vitro drug release studies revealed sustained drug release over 4 hours, with a maximum release of 69.50 ± 1.77% observed for batch F-1. Conclusion: Overall, the formulated ranitidine hydrochloride microspheres demonstrated prolonged and controlled release characteristics, indicating their potential for use in controlled drug delivery applications.
Social Media in Teaching English for EFL Students: A Review of Challenges and Suggestions
Authors: Alkamel Mohammed
Published: July 2024

This research paper examines the use of social media in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) to students. The study aims to identify the major social media platforms utilized for EFL teaching and learning, assess their effectiveness, determine the challenges faced by students and teachers, and pinpoint best practices for integrating social media into English language instruction. The paper provides a review of the literature on the role of social media in English language learning and teaching. It highlights how platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube can enhance various English language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The study also discusses the advantages of using social media for language learning, such as providing opportunities for authentic communication, facilitating collaborative learning, and increasing learner motivation and engagement. Furthermore, the research paper explores the challenges associated with integrating social media into EFL teaching, such as technical issues, pedagogical concerns, and student/teacher resistance. It then suggests best practices for effectively leveraging social media in the EFL classroom, including selecting appropriate platforms, designing engaging activities, and providing necessary training and support for both teachers and students. The findings of this study can offer valuable insights for EFL teachers and institutions on how to effectively incorporate social media into their English language teaching practices, ultimately enhancing the learning experience and outcomes for EFL students.
SRU TGTU Hydrogenation Catalyst Lifecycle Best Practices
Authors: Muabber Abdulrahman , Alharbi Asim , Ermawan Dedik
Published: July 2024

This report highlights the best practices captured in the management of Tail-Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU)’s hydrogenation CoMo catalyst throughout its lifecycle, these best practices were developed based on success story in operating the TGTU, which provides technical framework to manage TGTU unit performance throughout TGTU catalyst lifecycle. The aforementioned TGTU CoMo catalyst management best practices span across the whole catalyst lifecycle, starting from cradle stage of activating/sulphiding the fresh oxide-form catalyst up to grave stage of unloading & handling the spent catalyst to a safe location. Furthermore, stressing points have been provided to record special procedure to activate catalyst’s active sites (Cobalt & Molybdenum) in a process commonly known as “sulphiding”, as well as “passivation” procedure during TGTU catalyst unloading due to the presence of pyrophoric material such as Iron Sulphide (FeS) in the TGTU converter. This developed best practices provide solid reference point for future TGTU catalyst management throughout its lifecycle. Therefore, it can be adopted and consistently applied across other TGTU-based Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) plants in order to maintain the optimum Sulfur Recovery Efficiency (SRE), minimize plant downtime due to catalyst replacement and prevent unwanted environmental issues such as SOx emissions).
A Systematic Review of Light Therapy on Mental Health on and Beyond Earth
Authors: Song Weiming , Zheng Zhiwei , Wu Jingyang
Published: July 2024

Light can influence human emotional well-being, sleep quality, and circadian rhythms. The application of these qualities in a therapeutic context is currently being explored. Research has been conducted into the effects of light therapy on wound healing, sleep enhancement, stress management, and the improvement of depressive symptoms. Despite the extensive amount of studies in this field, a satisfactory framework for categorizing light therapies has yet to be developed. To address this problem, our research team proposes to categorize light therapy by wavelength (color). The benefit of this categorization is that, while therapeutic applications may evolve, the fundamental properties of light colors remain constant. Categorizing by color supports scientific innovation and maintains consistent categories even as new research emerges. On the other hand, light therapy’s potential is undermined. Light therapy is characterized by its affordability, durability, consistency, and minimal side effects. While light therapy is interchangeable with other therapeutic methods in common scenarios, it is specifically suited for environments where all those attributes are essential. Space missions represent one such environment. Space exploration is a major frontier for humanity, yet the mental health and living conditions of astronauts have received limited attention. Space missions present unique environmental challenges to astronauts due to altered light exposure, high-pressure, and isolated living environments. These environmental problems need to be addressed, but the resource-scarce space environment requires a reliable and durable solution. Light therapy’s advantages align well with these constraints. Moreover, its ability to address issues such as disrupted circadian rhythms and psychological stress caused by space environmental problems renders it an optimal intervention for space exploration. This article will examine the therapeutic effects of light therapy, with a particular focus on the ways in which different light colors address various health issues and recent discoveries. The potential of light therapy will be demonstrated through the use of space missions as an illustrative example. Additionally, we will briefly discuss future research directions for light therapy. Our primary objective is to establish an intuitive and stable categorization of light therapy. We will examine the potential of light therapy in unique environments, such as space missions, and discuss how it can address common symptoms experienced during these missions. Our ultimate goal is to fully realize the potential of light therapy in tailored environments and inspire the discovery of other scenarios where light therapy can be equally effective.
Hardware Design and Experimental Validation of Thermal Management System for Power Batteries in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: July 2024

This article outlines the general concept for the thermal management system of the power battery and the temperature sensor’s hardware selections, primary controller, motor (fan), and other parts depending on their specifications; The primary DSP56F8346 chip was used in the hardware
circuit design to create the minimum system and peripheral circuit modules. The temperature acquisition module, signal amplification module, and power drive module designs were also completed, and finally the circuit schematic diagram was created, allowing for the creation of circuit boards.
In the lab, tests on the acquisition of temperature signals, speed signals, PWM drive signal output, and other factors were done.
Using carbon fiber tape to tailor the coefficient of thermal expansion in 3D-Printed composite tooling
Authors: Feuchtgruber Matthias , Holmes John , Sommacal Silvano , Strobel Maximilian , Gehringer Florian , Consul Patrick , Bublitz Dennis , Weghorst Jasper , Thomson Robert , Strachauer Frank , Compston Paul , Drechsler Klaus
Published: July 2024

In this work, we investigated the effect of plain woven carbon fiber tape embedded in each layer of an additively manufactured part on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and compared it to conventionally printed parts. Current advancements in Additive Manufacturing enable cost-efficient 3D printing of composite tools. However, these tools do not yet offer a low CTE comparable to Invar, necessary for producing aerospace-quality composite parts. Using the novel Advanced Tape Layer Additive Manufacturing process, the tape is placed on top of the bead immediately after extruding the short fiber-reinforced material. The samples are compared to Material Extrusion specimens from a Large Format Additive Manufacturing System. A lower CTE was achieved within the printing plane. Micro-computed tomography images correlate the preferential orientation of short fibers with measured CTE values. The CTE modification can match the part CTE to the tool CTE and therefore optimize the quality of manufactured parts.
Riding the Roller Coaster of Emotional Energy in a Student Startup Incubator
Authors: Walsh Christian , Ranabahu Nadeera , De Vries Huibert P.
Published: July 2024

Emotional energy, as a building block to progressing new entrepreneurial opportunities, refers to the actions that are driven by confidence, enthusiasm, and strength to take initiative. This study examines the ebb and flow of emotional energy in a student-centred university incubator that employs a lean startup method. We contribute a model that illustrates the roller coaster of emotional energy experienced by the student founders during the program and highlights the key role that interactions play in de-energizing or re-energizing participants. We further examine the impact of these interactions on the participants’ emotional energy, and the significance of re-energizing interactions in the program to support the development of opportunity confidence.
Impact of hydroxyurea on follicle density in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Diesch-Furlanetto Tamara , Sanchez Carlos , Atkinson Andrew , Pondarré Corinne , Dhedin Nathalie , Neven Bénédicte , Arnaud Cécile , Kamdem Annie , Pirenne France , Lenaour Gilles , Brocheriou Isabelle , Terris Benoit , Bernaudin Françoise , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Poirot Catherine
Published: July 2024

The impact of hydroxyurea (HU) on the ovarian reserve of female patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains poorly elucidated. Only direct histological analysis of ovarian follicle density can effectively evaluate HU’s effect on ovarian reserve. By analyzing digitized slides of ovarian tissue from girls and young women with SCD who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) before hematological stem cell transplantation, we meticulously counted follicles and categorized them based on their growth stage. We then calculated the densities of different follicle types and assessed their correlation with patient characteristics, clinical manifestations, and treatments extracted from medical records. Seventy-six patients with SCD participated in the study, with a median age at OTC of 10.2 years (interquartile range [IQR], 7.5-14.6), and 50 (65.8%) were prepubertal. Of these, 35 patients (46.1%) had received HU, with a median daily dosage of 23.0 mg/kg (IQR, 20.0-25.0) and median exposure time of 44 months (IQR, 24.0-54.0). Primordial follicle density was comparable between the HU and non-HU groups (5.8 follicles per mm2 [IQR, 1.0-13.3] vs 4.2 follicles per mm2 [IQR, 1.1-14.4], respectively; P = .95). However, in the HU group, after adjusting for age, the density of growing follicles was marginally lower than that in the non-HU group (P = .09). Notably, other parameters such as vaso-occlusive crisis did not affect follicular density. In conclusion, exposure to HU did not demonstrate a reduction in ovarian reserve in girls or women with SCD. Therefore, fertility preservation measures before initiating HU treatment do not seem necessary.
A.R.R.O.W.2: once- vs twice-weekly carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Coriu Daniel , Delimpasi Sosana , Špička Ivan , Upchurch Terry , Fang Belle , Talpur Rakhshandra , Faber Edward , Beksac Meral , Leleu Xavier
Published: July 2024

Twice-weekly carfilzomib (27 mg/m2) plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd27) is a standard of care in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Once-weekly carfilzomib regimens have shown clinical benefits with improved patient convenience. This open-label, phase 3, multicenter, randomized study aimed to demonstrate noninferiority of the overall response rate (ORR) for once-weekly carfilzomib (56 mg/m2) plus Rd (KRd56) vs twice-weekly KRd27 in RRMM. A total of 454 patients were randomized (1:1) to receive carfilzomib as once-weekly 30-minute infusions of 56 mg/m2 (KRd56; n = 228) or twice-weekly 10-minute infusions of 27 mg/m2 (KRd27; n = 226). Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. ORR was 82.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9-87.2) in the once-weekly group vs 86.3% (95% CI, 81.1-90.5) in the twice-weekly group (risk ratio, 0.954 [95% CI, 0.882-1.032]) and did not meet the threshold for statistical significance of noninferiority (P = .0666). Complete response (CR) or better was obtained in 46.9% of patients in the once-weekly arm and 36.3% in the twice-weekly arm. The proportions of patients who achieved CR and were also assessed negative for minimal residual disease were 21.5% and 18.1%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.235 [95% CI, 0.775-1.970]). Progression-free survival was comparable between groups (hazard ratio, 0.945 [95% CI, 0.617-1.447]). The safety profile was similar for both groups. In conclusion, although statistical significance for noninferiority of ORR was not achieved, the efficacy and safety of once-weekly KRd56 were similar to those of twice-weekly KRd27, and once-weekly KRd56 may be an effective and convenient treatment option for patients with RRMM. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03859427.
The prevalence and implications of depression and anxiety in patients with bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Min-Seok , Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Ji-Ho
Published: July 2024

Background

Comorbidities significantly affect bronchiectasis prognosis. Depression and anxiety are frequently encountered psychological comorbidities that have the greatest impact on bronchiectasis. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and anxiety and describe their implications for bronchiectasis.

Methods

Three databases were searched from their inception to October 2023 for studies reporting the prevalence and/or clinical implications of depression and anxiety in patients with bronchiectasis. Two independent reviewers rated the quality of the evidence presented in the studies using the risk of bias tool for prevalence studies.

Results

Of the 50 studies identified, 17 studies with 2637 patients were included. The overall risk of bias was classified as low (10 studies) or moderate (seven studies). The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety was 31% (95% CI 24–38%) and 34% (95% CI 28–40%), respectively. Depression was significantly higher in female compared to male patients (risk difference 10%, 95% CI 0–21%) and associated with bronchiectasis exacerbation (adjusted odds ratio 1.72, 95% CI 1.28–2.15). Depression and anxiety are closely associated with poor health-related quality of life. However, clinical outcomes including dyspnoea symptoms, severity index, computed tomography score, lung function and physical activity were not associated with depression or anxiety.

Conclusion

This study revealed a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with bronchiectasis. Depression was more prevalent in females and is significantly associated with bronchiectasis exacerbation. Depression and anxiety were associated with poor health-related quality of life.
Exploitation of functionalized green nanomaterials for plant disease management
Authors: Wasule Dhiraj L. , Shingote Prashant R. , Saxena Shreshtha
Published: July 2024

A crucial determining factor in agricultural productivity is biotic stress. In addition, supply of quality food to the ever-increasing world’s population has raised the food demand tremendously. Therefore, enhanced agricultural crop productivity is the only option to mitigate these concerns. It ultimately demanded the often and indiscriminate use of synthetic agrochemicals such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, etc. for the management of various biotic stresses including a variety of plant pathogens. However, the food chain and biosphere are severely impacted due to the use of such harmful agrochemicals and their byproducts. Hence, it is need of hour to search for novel, effective and ecofriendly approaches for the management of biotic stresses in crop plants. Particularly, in plant disease management, efforts are being made to take advantage of newly emerged science i.e. nanotechnology for the creation of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) such as metallic, oxide, sulphide, etc. through different routes and their application in plant disease management. Among these, green nanomaterials which are synthesized using environmentally friendly methods and materials reported to possess unique properties (such as high surface area, adjustable size and shape, and specific functionalities) making them ideal candidates for targeted disease control. Nanotechnology can stop crop losses by managing specific diseases from soil, plants, and hydroponic systems. This review mainly focuses on the application of biologically produced green NPs in the treatment of plant diseases caused due to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The utilization of green synthesis of NPs in the creation of intelligent targeted pesticide and biomolecule control delivery systems, for disease management is considered environmentally friendly due to its pursuit of less hazardous, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods.
HEROIC: a platform for remote collection of electroencephalographic data using consumer-grade brain wearables
Authors: Sugden Richard James , Campbell Ingrid , Pham-Kim-Nghiem-Phu Viet-Linh Luke , Higazy Randa , Dent Eliza , Edelstein Kim , Leon Alberto , Diamandis Phedias
Published: July 2024

The growing number of portable consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) wearables offers potential to track brain activity and neurological disease in real-world environments. However, accompanying open software tools to standardize custom recordings and help guide independent operation by users is lacking. To address this gap, we developed HEROIC, an open-source software that allows participants to remotely collect advanced EEG data without the aid of an expert technician. The aim of HEROIC is to provide an open software platform that can be coupled with consumer grade wearables to record EEG data during customized neurocognitive tasks outside of traditional research environments. This article contains a description of HEROIC’s implementation, how it can be used by researchers and a proof-of-concept demonstration highlighting the potential for HEROIC to be used as a scalable and low-cost EEG data collection tool. Specifically, we used HEROIC to guide healthy participants through standardized neurocognitive tasks and captured complex brain data including event-related potentials (ERPs) and powerband changes in participants’ homes. Our results demonstrate HEROIC’s capability to generate data precisely synchronized to presented stimuli, using a low-cost, remote protocol without reliance on an expert operator to administer sessions. Together, our software and its capabilities provide the first democratized and scalable platform for large-scale remote and longitudinal analysis of brain health and disease.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine milk: Antibiogram profiles and virulent gene detection
Authors: Getahun Yared Abate , Abey Solomon Lulie , Beyene Achenef Melaku , Belete Mequanint Addisu , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay
Published: July 2024

Background

Coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies are an emerging cause of intramammary infection, posing a significant economic and public health threat. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies in bovine milk and dairy farms in Northwestern Ethiopia and to provide information about their antibiotic susceptibility and virulence gene profiles.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted from February to August 2022. Coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies were isolated from 290 milk samples. Species isolation and identification were performed by plate culturing and biochemical tests and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of each isolate was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. The single-plex PCR was used to detect the presence of virulent genes. The STATA software version 16 was used for data analysis. The prevalence, proportion of antimicrobial resistance and the number of virulent genes detected from coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies were isolated in 28.6%, (95% CI: 23.5–34.2) of the samples. Of these, theS. epidermidis,S. sciuri,S. warneri,S. haemolyticus,S. simulans,S. chromogens,S. cohnii, andS. captisspecies were isolated at the rates of 11, 5.2, 3.4, 3.1, 3.1, 1, 1, and 0.7% respectively. All the isolates showed a high percentage (100%) of resistance to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Cefotetan and 37.5% of resistance to Oxacillin. The majority (54.2%) of coagulase-negative isolates also showed multidrug resistance. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcusspecies carried theicaD,pvl,mecA,hlb,sec, andhlavirulent genes at the rates of 26.5%, 22.1%, 21.7%, 9.6%, 9.6% and 8.4% respectively.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that the majority of the isolates (54.2%) were found multidrug-resistant and carriage of one or more virulent and enterotoxin genes responsible for intramammary and food poisoning infections. Thus, urgent disease control and prevention measures are warranted to reduce the deleterious impact of coagulase-negative species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Ethiopia to detect coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies with their associated virulent and food poisoning genes from bovine milk.