bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as Functional Ingredient for the Formulation of Gluten-Free Shortbreads
Authors: Bravi Elisabetta , Sileoni Valeria , Marconi Ombretta
Published: January 2024

The incidence of celiac disease and gluten intolerance has been significantly rising globally. Gluten-free product consumption registered a sudden rise also among tolerant people, due to psychosocial factors. Biscuits are popular, low-cost bakery foods, consumed by nearly everyone worldwide. The removal of gluten from the baked product causes some undesirable traits and different textures and tastes. The main goal consists of creating a food product with the same taste and texture as a product with gluten. Moreover, gluten-free bakery products are usually low-grade sources of protein and poor in dietary fiber. Quinoa is a source of TDF and valuable protein. In this study, quinoa flour was used as the main constituent in the formulation of gluten-free c to improve their nutritional properties. Six different recipes with different percentages of quinoa flour have been realized. The formulations were compared, by rheological analysis, of each other and with a wheat flour control shortbread. The recipes with rheological features more similar to control shortbread were subjected to a discrimination analysis and the preferred was characterized from a chemical-physical and sensorial point of view. The experimental shortbreads constituted a good compromise to exploit the good nutritional composition of quinoa maintaining an acceptable sensory profile.
Phytochemical Contain, Biological Properties and Toxicities of Herbals Used for Doping
Authors: Traore Modeste , Guenne Samson , Kobende Ghislain Tewende , Dabone Arthur Arnaud Armand , Diao Mamounata , Sama Hemayoro , Bonzi Juste Y. , Coulibaly Gérard , Hilou Adama , Kiendrebeogo Martin
Published: January 2024

Substances derived from herbals are much in demand in doping practices because of their interesting biological properties for physical exercise and sport. This review aimed to investigate anti-fatigue herbals, their properties, analysis methods and toxicity. Data indicate that phytomolecules have beneficial effects on the physiological and biochemical parameters of the body undergoing exercise. They reduce fatigue and promote recovery by improving antioxidant enzyme activities, immune responses, blood pressure, body composition and by reducing the accumulation of toxic metabolites and systemic inflammation. Thus, the use of herbal could provide relief to people who exert intense physical activities such as farmers and athletes; for this, these peoples must do careful, the use of doping herbal must be done in accordance with all the previsions which take into account the need for the use of herbal supplement, the doses. In addition, these benefits attributed to herbals should not conceal the drawbacks of using them in sport.Some phytomolecules are toxic when used in large quantities, and others, in this case alkaloids, should be avoided by athletes.
Knockdown of Antisense Noncoding Mitochondrial RNA Reduces Tumorigenicity of Patient-Derived Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Cells in an Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model
Authors: Araya Mariela , Guevara Francisca , Villegas Jaime , Alarcón Luis , Burzio Luis O. , Burzio Verónica A. , Borgna Vincenzo
Published: January 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent form of renal cancer and its treatment is hindered by resistance to targeted and immunotherapies and combinations ob both. We have reported that knockdown of the antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNAs (ASncmtRNAs) with chemically-modified antisense oligonucleotides induces proliferative arrest and apoptotic death in tumor cells from many human and mouse cancer types. These studies have been mostly performed in vitro and in vivo on commercially-available cancer cell lines and have shown that, in mouse models, tumor growth is stunted by the treatment. The present work was performed on cells derived from primary and metastatic ccRCC tumors. We established primary cultures fom primary and metastatic ccRCC tumors, which were subjected to knockdown of ASncmtRNAs in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft model in NOD/SCID mice. We found that these primary ccRCC cells are affected in the same way as tumor cell lines and, in the orthotopic model, tumor growth was significantly reduced by the treatment. This study on patient-derived ccRCC tumor cells represents a model closer to actual patient ccRCC tumors and shows that knockdown of ASncmtRNAs poses a potential treatment option for these patients.
In-Depth Genomic Analysis: The New Challenge in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Nappi Francesco
Published: January 2024

New insights into the causes and mechanisms of congenital heart disease (CHD) have been gained through the use of next-generation sequencing. Examination of the whole exome sequence detects detrimental gene variations modifying single or contiguous nucleotides, that are characterised as pathogenicity based on statistical assessments of families. and correlates with congenital heart disease, elevated expression during heart development, and reduction of harmful protein-coding mutations in the general population. Patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities enriched for gene classes meeting these criteria. CHDs and extracardiac defects, supporting a common set of pathways in the organogenesis of CHDs. Single-cell transcriptomics data reveal the expression of genes associated with CHD in specific cell lineages, and emerging evidence suggests that genetic variants disrupt multicellular genes essential for cardiogenesis. Metrics and units are being tracked in whole genome sequence studies.
Harnessing Hydrogen: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Strategic Launching Initiatives in the Global Energy Market
Authors: Sakib Ahmed Nazmus , Mehjabin Farian , Schmidt Jeffrey B
Published: January 2024

In the transition towards sustainable energy sources, hydrogen has emerged as the predominant alternative after fossil fuels. This comprehensive literature review delves into the evolving landscape of hydrogen launching strategies within the energy market. Numerous countries have strategically initiated efforts to introduce products based on hydrogen, underscoring the global acknowledgment of the potential inherent in hydrogen. Despite witnessing significant growth in the adoption of hydrogen energy worldwide, impediments to its widespread commercialization persist. This review identifies key barriers, including cost structures, technical complexities, and marketing challenges, hindering the establishment of a robust hydrogen energy market. The article critically examines the actions already undertaken to harness hydrogen energy for commercial purposes, leveraging scientific insights and statistical data. By carefully examining the current state of hydrogen energy initiatives, the review highlights gaps in existing strategies that require thoughtful consideration. Insights derived from scientific and statistical analyses inform the identification of barriers and contribute to a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced in the journey towards hydrogen energy commercialization. Ultimately, the article presents a strategic proposal outlining marketing actions geared towards expediting the commercialization and widespread adoption of hydrogen energy. Grounded in a thorough review of existing literature and supported by scientific and statistical evidence, this comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to navigate the intricate landscape of hydrogen energy in the global energy market.
Parkinson’s Disease: Cells Succumbing to Lifelong Dopamine-related Oxidative Stress and Other Bioenergetic Challenges
Authors: Watanabe Hirohisa , Dijkstra Johannes M. , Nagatsu Toshiharu
Published: January 2024

The core pathological event in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the specific dying of dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Why SNc DA neurons are especially vulnerable and why idiopathic PD has only been found in humans is still puzzling. The two main underlying factors of SNc DA neuron vulnerability appear related to high DA production, namely (i) the toxic effects of cytoplasmic DA metabolism and (ii) continuous cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in the absence of the Ca2+-buffer protein calbindin. Both factors cause oxidative stress by producing highly reactive quinones and increasing intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, respectively. High DA expression in human SNc DA neuron cell bodies is suggested by the abundant presence of the DA-derived pigment neuromelanin, which is not found in such abundance in other species and has been associated with toxicity at higher levels. The oxidative stress created by their DA production system, despite that the SN does not use unusually high amounts of energy, explains why SNc DA neurons are sensitive to various genetic and environmental factors that create mitochondrial damage and thereby promote PD. Aging increases multiple of the risk factors for PD, and, to a large extent, PD is accelerated aging. To prevent PD neurodegeneration, possible approaches that are discussed here are (1) reducing cytoplasmic DA accumulation, (2) blocking cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations, and (3) providing bioenergetic support.
Antimicrobial Use for Urinary Tract Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities in Spain: Baseline Results from a Registration Audit
Authors: Matovelle Priscila , Olivan-Blázquez Bárbara , Magallón-Botaya Rosa , García-Sangenís Ana , Monfà Ramon , Morros-Pedrós Rosa , Navarro-Sanmartín Alicia , Mateos-Nozal Jesús , Sáez Bejar Carmen , Rodríguez Jiménez Consuelo , Lopez-Perez Elena , Llor Carl
Published: January 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent in long-term care facilities, constituting the most common infection in this setting. Our research focuses on analyzing clinical characteristics and antimicrobial prescriptions for UTIs in residents across nursing homes (NH) in Spain. This cross-sectional report is part of a before/after intervention study using a multifaceted approach based on the normalization process theory to improve healthcare quality provided by nursing staff in 34 NHs in Spain. In this study we present the results of the first audit including 719 UTI cases, with an average age of 85.5 years and 74.5% being women. Cystitis and pyelonephritis presented distinct symptom patterns. Notably, 6% of asymptomatic bacteriuria cases were treated. The prevalence of dipstick usage was 83%, raising concerns about overreliance, including in the 46 asymptomatic cases, leading to potential overdiagnosis and antibiotic overtreatment. Improved diagnostic criteria and personalized strategies are crucial for UTI management in NHs, emphasizing the need for personalized guidelines on management of UTIs, to mitigate indiscriminate antibiotic use in asymptomatic cases.
Mitigating Diabetes and Gut Dysmotility in Mice: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of miR-10a/B Treatment with No Indication for Cancer and Inflammation Risks
Authors: Singh Rajan , Ha Se Eun , Park Hahn Sung , Debnath Sushmita , Cho Hayeong , Baek Gain , Yu Tae Yang , Ro Seungil
Published: January 2024

Background/Aim: microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in diabetes and gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility. Our previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of miR-10a-5p mimic and miR-10b-5p mimic (miR-10a/b mimics) in rescuing diabetes and GI dysmotility in murine models of diabetes. In this study, we elucidated the safety profile of a long-term treatment with miR-10a/b mimics in diabetic mice.
Methods: Male C57BL6 mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) to induce diabetes and treated by five subcutaneous injections of miR-10a/b mimics for a 5-month period. We examined the long-term effect of the miRNA mimics on diabetes and GI dysmotility, including an assessment of cancer risk as well as liver and colon inflammation using cancer and inflammatory biomarkers.
Results: HFHSD-induced diabetic mice subcutaneously injected with miR-10a/b mimics monthly for 5 months exhibited a marked reduction in fasting blood glucose levels with restoration of insulin and significant weight loss, improved glucose and insulin intolerance, and restored GI transit time. In addition, the miR-10a/b mimic treated diabetic mice showed no indication of risk for cancer development and inflammation induction in the liver, colon, and blood for the 5 months post injections.
Conclusion: This longitudinal study demonstrates that miR-10a/b mimics, when subcutaneously administered in diabetic mice, effectively alleviate diabetes and GI dysmotility for 5 months with no discernible risk for cancer or inflammation in the liver and colon. The sustained efficacy and favorable safety profiles position miR-10a/b mimics as promising candidates in miRNA-based therapeutics for diabetes and GI dysmotility.
Comprehensive Cardiovascular Management of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patients: A Report from Italian Neuro-Cardiology Network
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Antonini Giovanni , Massa Roberto , Carlo Casali , Mauriello Alfredo , Martino Annamaria , Marconi Roberto , Garibaldi Matteo , Franciosa Pasquale , Zecchin Massimo , Gaudio Carlo , D’Andrea Antonello , Strano Stefano
Published: January 2024

Myotonic dystrophy is a hereditary disorder with systemic involvement. The Italian Neuro-Cardiology Network (INCN-RNC) is a unique collaborative experience involving neurology units combined with cardio-arrhythmology units. The INCN facilitates the creation of integrated neuro-cardiac teams in Neuromuscular Disease Centers for the management of cardiovascular involvement in the treatment of MD1.
Fusion of Dense Airborne LiDAR and Multispectral Sentinel-2 and Pleiades Satellite Imagery for Mapping Riparian Forest Species Biodiversity at Tree Level
Authors: Njimi Houssem , Chehata Nesrine , Revers Frederic
Published: January 2024

Multispectral and 3D LiDAR remote sensing data sources are valuable tools for characterizing the 3D vegetation structure and thus understanding the relationship between forest structure, biodiversity and microclimate. This study focuses on mapping riparian forest species in the canopy strata using a fusion of Airborne LiDAR data and multispectral multi-sources and multi-resolution satellite imagery; Sentinel-2 and Pleiades at tree level. The idea is to assess the contribution of each data source in the tree species classification at the considered level. The data fusion was processed at feature-level and decision level. At feature level, LiDAR 2D attributes were derived and combined with vegetation indices. At decision level, LiDAR data was used for 3D tree crown delimitation providing unique trees or groups of trees that are used as a support for the species classification. Data augmentation techniques were used to improve the training process. Best results were obtained by the fusion of Sentinel-2 time series and LiDAR data with a Kappa of 0.66 thanks to red-edge based indices that better discriminate vegetation species and the temporal resolution of Sentinel-2 images that allows monitoring the phenological stages helping to discriminate the species.
Geometric analysis of greenhouse roofs for energy efficiency optimization and condensation drip reduction
Authors: Peña-Fernández Araceli , Colón Reynoso Manuel Alejandro , Mazuela Pilar
Published: January 2024

Greenhouses are instrumental in the advancement of regions globally. The geometric arrangement of these structures plays a pivotal role in governing sunlight distribution, facilitating ventilation, and managing condensation. The roof's shape significantly affects energy efficiency and the accumulation of condensation water, which, when dripping onto crops, can induce diseases and diminish production. This study introduces a Matlab program designed for defining and analyzing greenhouse roof geometry, adaptable to both single-span and multi-span structures. Various roof shapes are examined, determining angles along their length to facilitate condensation droplet runoff. Furthermore, the greenhouse's energy efficiency is evaluated by analyzing diverse roof models, accounting for surface area and internal air volume. The results aim to aid in selecting the optimal greenhouse type based on climate and latitude. This study offers a valuable decision-making tool for the planning and design of agricultural structures, providing insights to enhance overall sustainability and performance in diverse environmental contexts.
Jogo de xadrez para discentes com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Cristo Junior Carlos Henrique Nascimento de , Lima George Almeida , Costa Sara Lopes Aragão Machado , Braz Ruth Maria Mariani
Published: January 2024

O jogo de xadrez apresenta várias possibilidades de vivência efetiva entre seus pares a partir de um tabuleiro e suas peças, podendo contribuir de maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento de alunos. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a influência da prática do xadrez no desenvolvimento dos aspectos cognitivos de alunos com deficiência intelectual. O presente texto é fruto de uma prática pedagógica sistematizada nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar com eixo temático: o xadrez e suas potencialidades, desenvolvido na Associação de Pais e Amigos e Excepcionais.  A experiência pedagógica foi realizada a partir de intervenções semanais, uma vez por semana, com duração de 40 minutos, podendo variar o tempo de acordo com a interação de cada criança. As aulas foram registradas a partir de relatórios semanais, com objetivo de acompanhar o desenvolvimento individual dos participantes em outras atividades propostas pela instituição. Os resultados apontam que os alunos tiveram diferentes ritmos de aprendizagem, notou-se dificuldades de interação, comportamento, contração e déficits motores.  Conclui-se que a prática do xadrez se tornou relevante por trabalhar aspectos relacionados ao desenvolvimento da atenção, concentração e tomada de decisão, estimulando situações de imprevisibilidade dos praticantes, proporcionando caminhos para a construção da aprendizagem dos alunos em espaços formais ou informais.
The Effect of Levofloxacin Addition on the Outcome of Tuberculous Meningitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Damastiwi Lorisna Hardiknastia , Hidayat Saiful , Sembiring Paulus Stephen Pulung Aditya Nugraha
Published: January 2024

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of tuberculosis's deadliest extra-pulmonary manifestations. Although early initiation of anti-tuberculosis drugs can reduce mortality and morbidity, poor blood-brain barrier penetration hampered their effectiveness. Levofloxacin is an anti-tuberculosis drug with good BBB penetration.
Objective: We aim to explore whether levofloxacin addition to the TBM patients’ regimen has a potential benefit to improve their outcomes.
Methods: The literature search was done on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases without publication date limits to identify studies investigating the effect of augmenting levofloxacin in the outcome of TBM patients. The primary outcome of this study was to analyze the impact of these regimens in decreasing the risk of death and neurological deficit. The articles were collected using the PRISMA diagram, critically appraised using PICO analysis, then the data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software with a Fixed Effect Model. The results were expressed as odds ratio (OR).
Results: Four randomized controlled trials with a total of 930 patients were identified. Two trials compared the effectiveness of levofloxacin addition only, whereas the other two used the regimen containing the increased dose of rifampicin alongside levofloxacin addition. Based on the analysis, neither levofloxacin addition only nor increasing rifampicin dose with levofloxacin addition had a significant impact on the mortality of TBM patients (OR=0.55; 95% CI 0.19-1.59; p=0.27, OR=1.01; 95% CI 0.74-1.36; p=0.97, respectively).
Conclusion: Additional Levofloxacin on TBM treatment shows no significant improvement in patient mortality. Routine levofloxacin use in TBM is discouraged due to limited evidence.
Special Issue on On-Machine and In-Process Measurement for Smart and Precision Manufacturing
Authors: Takaya Yasuhiro , Gao Wei
Published: January 2024

The Internet of Things is playing an important role, organizing all things that use data and connecting them to the Internet. It has been made possible by the rapid progress in smart and real-time measurement technologies, the miniaturization and speeding up of sensor technologies as well as intelligent data processors, and by the spread of cloud technology, which accumulates huge amounts of data. To establish smart and precision manufacturing, not only the improvement of conventional ultraprecision machining techniques but also the development of the novel, high-performance machining techniques has been made. On-machine and in-process measurement are gaining in importance for emerging machining technologies as well as conventional ones. Advanced techniques of machining and metrology as well as feedback for compensation manufacturing have been required for plasticity to on-machine and in-process conditions.

This special issue focuses on metrology and manufacturing measurement and instrumentation for the progress of state-of-the-art on-machine and in-process measurement systems and sensor technologies. It consists of contributions related to, but not limited to, the following topics:

- On-machine, in-process measurement and process monitoring

- Practical application of on-machine, in-process measurement

- Machine tool metrology

- Intelligent micro- and nano-metrology

- Multi-sensor fusion and multi-sensor cooperation

- Form and dimensional measurement and instrumentation

- 3D-surface texture and its micro-characteristics

- Machine learning, AI aided measurement

We would like to sincerely thank all the authors for their contributions, and we sincerely hope that the papers in this special issue further contribute to the development of our future society from a new horizon of metrology.
On-Machine Calibration of Pitch Deviations of a Linear Scale Grating by Using a Differential Angle Sensor
Authors: Wu Jiucheng , Hong Yifang , Shin Dong Wook , Sato Ryo , Quan Lue , Matsukuma Hiraku , Gao Wei
Published: January 2024

A differential angle sensor is newly developed to calibrate the pitch deviations of a linear scale grating with a nominal pitch of 1.6 µm on an ultra-precision lathe. The angle sensor is composed of two angle detection units based on the laser autocollimation method. A collimated laser beam with a diameter of 1 mm, which is output from a laser diode with a wavelength of 685 nm, is projected onto the linear scale grating. The positive and the negative first-order diffracted beams from the scale are received by the two angle detection units, respectively. The X-slide of the ultra-precision lathe is employed to generate the necessary scanning motion for the calibration. Based on the fact that the pitch deviations will cause changes in the positive and the negative first-order diffraction angles, which are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, the pitch deviations can be obtained from the differential output of the angle sensor. The tilt error motion of the X-slide, which is a major error factor in on-machine calibration, can also be removed in the differential output. The robustness of the developed angle sensor for on-machine calibration has been confirmed by testing the basic performances of the sensor on the machine tool. The feasibility of the on-machine calibration result of pitch deviations has been verified through comparing with the off-machine calibration result.
A Technique for Estimating the Pitch of Interference Fringe Patterns for Pattern Exposure in a Non-Orthogonal One-Axis Lloyd’s Mirror Interferometer
Authors: Takahiro Nozomu , Shimizu Yuki
Published: January 2024

A technique to realize in-situ evaluation of the pitch of interference fringe patterns in a non-orthogonal Lloyd’s mirror interferometer is proposed. The proposed method employs two laser sources with different wavelengths. Two magnified collimated laser beams with different wavelengths are then projected onto a non-orthogonal Lloyd’s mirror interferometer to generate interference fringe patterns with different pitches. The interference fringe patterns with a pitch g1 generated by a laser beam with a wavelength λ1 sensitive to the photoresist layer are employed for the pattern exposure, while the ones generated by a laser beam with a wavelength λ2 insensitive to the photoresist layer are employed to be observed by a microscopic optical system located at the back of the exposure substrate. This enables the estimation of the pitch of the interference fringe patterns with the pitch g1 during the exposure process in optical interference lithography, contributing to accelerating the alignment of the angular position of the reflective mirror in the interferometer. A prototype optical setup consisting of a beam-collimating unit with two laser sources having wavelengths of 405 nm and 780 nm, a non-orthogonal one-axis Lloyd’s mirror interferometer unit, and a microscopic optical system is designed and developed, and experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique of estimating the pitch of interference fringe patterns for pattern exposure.
Measurement of a Freeform Surface by Dragging Three Point Method Along with a Circular Path
Authors: Tokuchi Kento , Kurita Mikio , Takahashi Keisuke
Published: January 2024

Freeform surfaces can realize optical systems with a wide field of view, high throughput, and high contrast. For constructing optical systems with freeform surfaces, measuring technology is essential. However, it is difficult to measure freeform surfaces by existing measurement methods. We have developed a new measurement method of the dragging three-point method (DTPM). To realize further improvement in the accuracy of the DTPM, we propose the DTPM with a circular path. Since the circular path is closed, the measurement error can be reduced by the boundary condition that the height and slope agree with at the start and end points of the measurement. To evaluate this method, we conducted the circular path measurement of an off-axis asphere. The measurement repeatability was RMS = 1.5 nm, and the result agreed well with that of an interferometric test; the difference was RMS = 17.2 nm.
Roundness Profile Measurement Using a Combination Method of Three-Point Method for Roundness Profile Measurement and Integration Method for Straightness Profile Measurement
Authors: Okuyama Eiki , Fukuda Takato
Published: January 2024

A three-point method has been used to separate the roundness profile of a workpiece and radial motions of a turntable. First, weighted addition is used to extract the roundness profile, and then, inverse filtering is used to recover the original roundness profile. The three-point method works well in the low spatial frequency domain. However, in the high spatial frequency domain, the setting angle error of the sensor causes a large deflection of the transfer function. Therefore, a combination method of the three-point method for roundness profile measurement and an integration method for the straightness profile measurement is proposed. The three-point method for roundness profile measurement is used to estimate low spatial frequency domain and the integration method for straightness profile measurement is used to estimate the high spatial frequency domain. Experimental results showed that the standard deviation of the combination method was smaller than that of the three-point method for most positions.
Repetition Frequency Control of a Mid-Infrared Ultrashort Pulse Laser
Authors: Matsukuma Hiraku , Nagaoka Masashi , Hirose Hisashi , Sato Ryo , Shimizu Yuki , Gao Wei
Published: January 2024

In this study, a method for controlling the repetition frequency of a mid-infrared ultrashort pulse laser with a central wavelength of 2.8 µm is developed. A ring cavity that is insensitive to the polarization state of the laser light emitted from the fiber end was constructed to stabilize the oscillation of the mid-infrared ultrashort pulse laser. More oscillation conditions for the ultrashort pulse laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation are found than the conventional method. To confirm that the pulse oscillation is mode-locked, ultrashort pulse oscillation was confirmed by an autocorrelator. The pulse repetition frequency of this robust ultrashort pulse laser was controlled. The control method was based on the phase-locked loop (PLL) control. A wedge window was inserted into the cavity and mounted on a linear stage driven by a piezoelectric transducer. By driving the piezoelectric transducer, the position of the wedge window changed, and the resulting optical path length also changed. The repetition frequency was controlled based on this principle. Optical path length control by the wedge window and temperature control provides an Allan deviation of approximately 1 mHz.
Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Surface Topography Measurement Using Multi-Wavelength Scattering Spectroscopy
Authors: Itakura Satoshi , Uenohara Tsutomu , Mizutani Yasuhiro , Takaya Yasuhiro
Published: January 2024

We are currently developing a high-precision and wide-range in-process surface topography measurement system using the laser inverse scattering method. In the laser inverse scattering method, a monochromatic plane wave is illuminated perpendicular to the target surface and the surface topography is measured by retrieving the phase distribution of the reflected light. However, the dynamic range of this method is limited to the sub-micrometer range because of phase wrapping during phase retrieval. In this paper, we propose a laser inverse scattering method using a multi-wavelength light source based on the fact that the phase of light is inversely proportional to the wavelength with the propagation distance as a coefficient. We also constructed a surface profilometer based on the proposed method and measured the profile of a single rectangular groove with a width of 50 µm and a depth of 2 µm. The dimensions of the measured profiles agree well with the nominal dimensions of the rectangular groove.
Profile of Deaths Due to Drowning Reported for Medicolegal Autopsy at Tertiary Health Care Teaching Hospital
Authors:   Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, S.B.H. Government Medical College, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India., Gadhari Ramesh , Kalokhe Vikrant ,   Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, A.C.P.M. Medical College, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India., Petkar Madhusudan ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India., Kamble Nagsen ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, S.B.H. Government Medical College, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India., Bangal Rajendra ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India., Datir Sandesh ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

introduction: Drowning deaths are very crucial from medico-legal point of view. When we consider drowning deaths, surprisingly rising trend is seen in this aspect. Now it has become a global problem and there is great concern about reduction in mortality rate due to drowning. In view of this, thereis an immense need to understand the factors associated with drowning deaths, so that preventive measures can be taken to minimize such a global problem. To fulfill above goal present study was undertaken to understand the trend of drowning related deaths. This retrospective study was done by assessing theautopsy cases done in mortuary of SBHGM College during the period from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. We found that 40 (76.92%) victims were male and 12 (23.07%) were female. Drowning deaths were most commonly seen in age groups of 21-30 years (25%). Married population constituted 35 (67.30%) cases and 16 (30.76%) were unmarried. Hindu community contributed to maximum number of cases with 51.92% cases. Students were the most common victims in drowning deaths accounting to 30.76% cases, followed by farmers i.e. 23.07% of cases. Maximum deaths occurred in month of September (21.15%) attributing to rainy season. Maximum drowning deaths occurred between 6 am to 12 pm (n=18, 34.61%) followed by 12 pm to 6 pm (n=15, 28.84%). Most of the drowned victims were retrieved from well (46.15%), followed by dam (13.46%), canal (13.46%). It was reported that most of the drowning deaths were accidental in manner (48.07%). From this study, it is clear that drowning deaths occurred mostly in males of age group of 21-30 years. The married and Hindu population is largely involved. Profession-wise distribution clearly indicates that students and farmers are quite susceptible to drowning tragedy. Most of the drowning cases were accidental in nature followed by suicides and occurred commonly in wells in rural area and lakes in urban area.
Pattern of Death Due Hanging Special Emphasized on Neck cartilages
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, 361008, Gujarat, India., Upadhyay Mehul C , Bambhaniya Alpesh B ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, 361008, Gujarat, India.
Published: January 2024

introduction: Commonest form of asphyxial death come across during autopsy in the country is Hanging. The present study was carried out to studying the pattern of fracture in hyoid bone and neck cartilage (thyroid cartilage and cricoids) in deaths due to hanging in the Department of Forensic Medicine, M. P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar. We found that death due to compression of ligature seen maximum in the age group of 21-30 years (36.9%), males are accounted for 43% as compared to 57% in females. Ligature material used was dupatta in 43.68% of cases. In hanging ligature mark was oblique, above thyroid cartilage, going backward and laterally. In the majority cases, the ligature mark was above the thyroid cartilage (88% cases), followed by at and above the thyroid cartilage (10% cases) and only in 1 case the ligature mark was below the thyroid cartilage. In maximum cases, the position of the knot was present at the occipital region of the neck (49% cases), followed by the left mastoid region (30% cases). In the majority of cases, the ligature mark was prominent and discontinuous. Hyoid fracture was found in only 8.05% cases. There was only 1 case with thyroidcartilage fracture and no case of cricoidcartilage fracture.
Analysis of Medico legal Cases Reported at a Medical College in Maharashtra
Authors:   Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, A.C.P.M. Medical College, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India., Kalokhe Vikrant , Petkar Madhusudan ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115 Maharashtra, India, Gadhari Ramesh ,   Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, S.B.H. Government Medical College, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India., Kamble Nagsen ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, S.B.H. Government Medical College, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India., Bangal Rajendra ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115 Maharashtra, India., Datir Sandesh ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115 Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

introduction: Medico-legal cases are very crucial from a legal point of view. Lots of controversies and conflicts are associated with such types of cases so there was a need to analyze these cases. To fulfill this objective present study was conducted. Objectives: To analyze medico-legal cases referred to the hospital of ACPM Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra. Methodology: A retrospective study was done by assessing the MLC cases referred to A.C.P.M. Medical College during the period from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Observations: In the year 2021 total 341 MLC cases were reported to the hospital of ACPM medical college. Out of these males were 276 (80.93%) & females were 65 (19.06%). Most commonly involved age group was 21-30 years (n= 108, 31.67%). Most commonly affected people were Hindu (n=303, 88.85%) which was followed by Buddhist (n=21, 6.15%). Maximum incidences occurred in rural regions (n=266, 78%). Road traffic accidents (n=205, 60.11%) comprised of the most of medico-legal cases, followed by fall (n=42, 12.31%) and assault (n=30, 8.79%). A maximum number of cases were noted in month of July (n=42, 12.31%) followed by October (n=40, 11.73%). When seasonal variation was considered, maximum incidences occurred during winter months of October to January (40.76%, n=139). Total 241 MLC cases (70.67%) were treated on OPD basis. Majority of MLC cases (n=269, 78.88%) were discharged after complete recovery. conclusion: It was observed that the majority of medico-legal cases were due to road traffic accidents. So the burden of these cases can be reduced by minimizing road traffic accidents. In view of this, appropriate measures are required. Casualty Medical Officers should be trained to handle such MLC cases and consult with the Department of Forensic Medicine for appropriate documentation of these cases.
Comparative Study of Bilateral Symmetry in Dermatoglyphic Patterns with reference to Geographical Parameters
Authors:   Research Scholar,  Department of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India., .. Vaishali , Babu G Rajesh ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The personal identification is reliable tool for both legal and societal motives in forensic discipline. The utmost conventional manner of identification of individuals is based on the fingerprints. The present study has been carried out on 200 subjects, 100 males and 100 females of different age groups belonging to range from 18-55 years of Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat population to compare the differences in bilateral symmetry in dermatoglyphic patterns along with frequency distribution of patterns with reference to the geographical locations. The research recommends that there are significant differences in bilateral symmetry and fingerprint patterns between males and females within the two populations and significant differences are observed between the two populations. The predominant fingerprint pattern was Ulnar loop, followed by Whorl in both Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat state. Moreover, it was observed that maximum inhabitants have 80% of Bilateral Symmetry in (40%) of the two populations followed by 100% (26%) of both Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat populations.
Histopathological Spectrum of Pulmonary Lesions in Autopsies: A Two Year Retrospective Study
Authors:   Final year post graduate, Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India., Fatima Syeda Husnain , T. Gayathri. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India., Kupati Shailaja ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India., V Shashikala. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India., S Prathima. ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: The lungs are secondarily involved in almost all forms of terminal events. The study of these lesions will help in devising prophylactic strategies to reduce associated mortality. Objectives: To find the frequency of various lung lesions in relation to age, and sex, and to analyze the histopathological spectrum of lung lesions in autopsy cases. material and methods: Two years of retrospective studies based on hospital records from January 2019 - December 2020 carried out in the department of pathology. Lungs were fixed in 10% formalin & processed. Paraffin wax embedding was done & sections were stained with H & E stain. Gross and microscopic examinations of samples were conducted for diagnosis. results: A total of 147 cases with lung specimens were received during the period of study. Among these, 47 (32%) cases showed tissue autolysis of the lung. The age ranged from 8 months to 80 years. The majority of cases analyzed were from adults, and only 8 (5.5%) cases were below 15 years of age. Pathologies were detected in 99 cases and one case had unremarkable histology. The majority of the cases (77%) were males. Microscopic findings seen included congestion and edema (30%), inﬂammation (acute pneumonia, granulomatous and fungal) (23%), emphysema (20%), changes in the interstitium (12%) and pulmonary thromboembolism (12%). The majority of pulmonary thromboembolism was seen in the age group of 16-30 years. conclusion: Congestion and edema followed by pneumonia were the most commonly observed pathological lung lesions in our study. Autopsy study of lung lesions can provide insight to plan certain preventive strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality due to lung pathology.
Determination of Gender Divergences of Maxillary Sinuses Measurements in Computed Tomographic Scans of Kerala Population
Authors:   M.Sc. Student, Department of Forensic Science, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India., R Vyshnav , Sharma Tina ,   Assistant Professor,Department of Forensic Science, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India., Mishra Priyakanksha ,   Research Scholar, Department of Forensic Science, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India.
Published: January 2024

The challenging forensic procedure of corpse identification is required by law authorities and social norms. It is very crucial to compare the post-mortem and antemortem medical information in cases where the bodies are severely damaged and beyond recognition. However, conventional identification techniques might not have been eﬀective, especially though there have been substantial post-mortem alterations. In unidentifiable skeletons, gender has long been determined from either the skull, pelvic or long bones with an epiphysis and a metaphysis. In the present study, an attempt has been made to determine gender divergences from axial and coronal computed tomographic scans (CT) of the maxillary sinus in the Kerala population. A total of 40 individuals including 20 males and 20 females, visiting the Outpatient Department of the Koyilli Hospital, Kannur were included as the study subjects. The dimensions of the right and left maxillary sinuses of 40 subjects from plain CT were measured using Radiant DICOM software. Statistical analysis was completed with an independent student t-test and general descriptive analysis with SPSS software. Gender determination using height, length, and the width of the maxillary sinus on both sides showed statistically insignificant results but in the case of left volume and left the anterior-posterior height of the maxillary sinus the p-value was found to be significant at 95% of confidence level. So, the present study concludes that the left volume of the maxillary sinus and left anteroposterior height showed statistically significant results which can be considered in determining and screening corpses on the bases of maxillary sinus computed tomographic records.
Homicidal Railway Accident: A Case Report
Authors:   Final Year MBBS Student, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha 442005, Maharashtra, India., Murkey Siddhant Pankaj , Murkey Pankaj Nandkishore ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Wardha 442102, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Railway transportation has emerged as the major mode with the ongoing modernization of vehicular mechanics. In India, the railway tracks run not only in the outskirts but also in between the suburbs in many places. And with the rising population of the country, most of the trains are over packed with the passengers travelling to their destination. The railway is still the most preferred mode of transportation as compared to ﬂight and road in India. These factors play the role in increasing the chances of accidents in India. It is not quite unusual for us to hear about some sort of railway accident or derailment of a train on a normal day. On average there are 15 deaths every day due to railway accidents since India is the fourth largest country concerning railways transport system. With a huge proportion of the population living without the availability of basic needs of a home, as is commonly seen in form of shanties beside the railway track itself. The railway providing compensation in cases of accident related to it has become a source of easy money, luring many towards he fraudulent use of the rule. The same was seen in the below discussed case report.
A Study on Profile of Poisoning Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Karaikal
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu 626001, India., Venkatesaprasanna J , Parthasarathy Prasanna ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu 627011, India., Amar Thumma ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry 609609, India., Nair G Vijayakumar ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry 609609, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Acute poisoning is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 90% of the burden of fatal poisoning cases from developing countries. The pattern of poisoning in any region depends on a variety of factors such as availability of poisons, socio-economic status of the population, religious beliefs, and cultural inﬂuences. The data regarding poisoning cases in south India is scarce. Hence, the present study was carried out. materials and methods: This was a hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted for a period of one year, from January 2021 to December 2021. results: Out of 152 cases, the majority were males (63.16%) and from rural areas (83.55%). The most common age group involved was between 21 to 30 years (41.45%). Suicidal poisoning was common (57.74%) followed by Accidental poisoning (34.21%), while none of them were homicidal in nature. Organophosphorus compounds, Household products, and Rodenticides were the most commonly used poisons. conclusion: The present study concludes that acute poisoning is a distressing public health problem. It aﬀects the larger number of the male population. The commonest poisoning agent was the Organophosphorus compound. The occurrence was high among married males and in the age group of 21 – 30 years. The incidence of acute poisoning, morbidity, and mortality related to the poisoning can be diminished by developing and implementing of appropriate preventive strategies.