bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: survival is influenced by the underlying cause
Authors: Nunes Hilario , Schubel Kirsten , Piver Diane , Magois Eline , Feuillet Séverine , Uzunhan Yurdagul , Carton Zohra , Tazi Abdellatif , Levy Pierre , Brillet Pierre-Yves , Nicholson Andrew G. , Kambouchner Marianne , Valeyre Dominique
Published: December 2014

Idiopathic, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is most often associated with various clinical disorders, including connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). Emerging evidence also suggests that “idiopathic” NSIP may be the lung manifestation of undifferentiated CTD (UCTD). However, whether or not NSIP outcome is influenced by the underlying cause remains uncertain.

This retrospective study included 127 biopsy-proven NSIP patients (65 women, mean±sdage 55±12 years). Survivals were estimated using a Kaplan–Meier curve and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses were based on a Cox model.

15 (11.8%) patients had cHP, 29 (22.8%) had CTD, 32 (25.2%) satisfied the Kinder criteria for UCTD and 51 (40.1%) had idiopathic NSIP. At the end of follow-up (mean±sd64±54 months), a difference in survival was observed between aetiological groups (p=0.002). Survival was better for UCTD than for idiopathic NSIP (p=0.020) and similar to that observed for CTD. cHP survival tended to be poorer than that of idiopathic NSIP (p=0.087) and was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 2.17, 95% CI 1.05–4.47; p=0.035).

NSIP outcome is influenced by its cause. cHP exhibits the highest mortality. UCTD does not differ from CTD supporting the concept of autoimmune NSIP, with a prognosis that is better than that of idiopathic NSIP.
Intermittent hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity in a mouse model of sleep apnoea
Authors: Moreno-Indias Isabel , Torres Marta , Montserrat Josep M. , Sanchez-Alcoholado Lidia , Cardona Fernando , Tinahones Francisco J. , Gozal David , Poroyko Valeryi A. , Navajas Daniel , Queipo-Ortuño Maria I. , Farré Ramon
Published: December 2014

We assessed whether intermittent hypoxia, which emulates one of the hallmarks of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leads to altered faecal microbiome in a murine model.

In vivopartial pressure of oxygen was measured in colonic faeces during intermittent hypoxia in four anesthetised mice. 10 mice were subjected to a pattern of chronic intermittent hypoxia (20 s at 5% O2and 40 s at room air for 6 h·day−1) for 6 weeks and 10 mice served as normoxic controls. Faecal samples were obtained and microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analysis by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology.

Intermittent hypoxia exposures translated into hypoxia/re-oxygenation patterns in the faeces proximal to the bowel epithelium (<200 μm). A significant effect of intermittent hypoxia on global microbial community structure was found. Intermittent hypoxia increased the α-diversity (Shannon index, p<0.05) and induced a change in the gut microbiota (ANOSIM analysis of β-diversity, p<0.05). Specifically, intermittent hypoxia-exposed mice showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a smaller abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla than controls.

Faecal microbiota composition and diversity are altered as a result of intermittent hypoxia realistically mimicking OSA, suggesting the possibility that physiological interplays between host and gut microbiota could be deregulated in OSA.
Approximate solution of nonlinear double-scattering inversion for true amplitude imaging
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Mao Weijian , Li Xuelei
Published: December 2014

Linearized inversion algorithms are the main techniques in seismic imaging that apply the single-scattering (Born) approximation to the scattered field, and therefore, have difficulty handling the strong perturbation of model parameters and nonlinear multiple-scattering effects. To theoretically overcome these drawbacks in the linearization of the inverse scattering problem, we have developed an approach to deal with nonlinear double-scattering inversion. We first used an integral equation formulation associated with the scattered field consisting of single and double scattering in an acoustic earth model based on the second-order Born approximation, and we found that the approximation of the scattered field can be naturally related to the generalized Radon transform (GRT). We then adopted the inverse GRT to obtain the corresponding quadratic approximate inversion solution. Our inversion scheme can appropriately handle the first-order transmission effects from double scattering in a local area, which gives a significant amplitude correction for the inversion results and ultimately results in a more accurate image with true amplitude. We conducted numerical experiments that showed the conventional single-scattering inversion was good in amplitude only for perturbation up to 10% of the background medium, but our approach can work for up to 40% or more. Test results indicated that our inversion scheme can effectively relax the requirement of the weak perturbation of the model parameter in the Born approximation and can deal with the complex model directly. The computational complexity of our new scheme is almost the same as conventional linear scattering inversion processing. Therefore, the cost of our approach is at a similar level to that of linear scattering inversion.
Internal multiple prediction and removal using Marchenko autofocusing and seismic interferometry
Authors: Meles Giovanni Angelo , Löer Katrin , Ravasi Matteo , Curtis Andrew , da Costa Filho Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2014

Standard seismic processing steps such as velocity analysis and reverse time migration (imaging) usually assume that all reflections are primaries: Multiples represent a source of coherent noise and must be suppressed to avoid imaging artifacts. Many suppression methods are relatively ineffective for internal multiples. We show how to predict and remove internal multiples using Marchenko autofocusing and seismic interferometry. We first show how internal multiples can theoretically be reconstructed in convolutional interferometry by combining purely reflected, up- and downgoing Green’s functions from virtual sources in the subsurface. We then generate the relevant up- and downgoing wavefields at virtual sources along discrete subsurface boundaries using autofocusing. Then, we convolve purely scattered components of up- and downgoing Green’s functions to reconstruct only the internal multiple field, which is adaptively subtracted from the measured data. Crucially, this is all possible without detailed modeled information about the earth’s subsurface. The method only requires surface reflection data and estimates of direct (nonreflected) arrivals between subsurface virtual sources and the acquisition surface. The method is demostrated on a stratified synclinal model and shown to be particularly robust against errors in the reference velocity model used.
Sustainable Management of Chemicals in Russia - Improving the Use of Chemicals and Minimizing the Danger for Nature and Human Beings
Authors: Тарасова  , Tarasova Natalya , Макарова  , Makarova A. , Аткиссон  , AtKisson Alan , Макаров  , Makarov S.
Published: December 2014

In this article we have analyzed the system of chemicals management in Russia. We have

used the TSIS (“Trends & Indicators, Systems, Innovation, Strategy”) method as a tool

for the analysis of the current state and for the elaboration of the concept of sustainable

management of chemicals in Russia. The analysis showed that sustainable management

of chemicals in Russia today might most effectively consist of:

• The creation of the legal framework, including legislative support for many existing best

practices;

• Involvement of chemicals businesses and the general public in the process of promoting

management, including creation of a culture of consumption and production of

sustainable chemicals;

• In addition to the state regulation, the implementation of business initiatives and the

tools of self-regulation for business.

We have found out that the organization of sustainable management of chemicals in

Russia will require changes in chemical production (including internalizing the expenses

now externalized to nature) and the consumption chains. The time to act is now, otherwise

the planned growth in the production and consumption of chemicals is very likely to lead

to catastrophic consequences both for the nature and for the human health. For the most

part, best practices in sustainable management of chemicals (practices that could have a

positive impact on the situation) are known in Russia. However, their effectiveness is low.

The situation reflects the absence of a Russian legal framework on chemicals safety, and

the current low motivation of business to adopt the best practices in the absence of clear

signals from the state that it should be so. In order to create the system of sustainable

management of chemicals, the state authorities should not only use the state regulation,

but also actively promote and develop business initiatives and involve the society.
Analysis of Particle Motion in Wall-Free Concentrated Vortexes in Relation to Flight Safety Problem
Authors: Вараксин  , Varaksin A. , Протасов  , Protasov M.
Published: December 2014

The ingestion in aircraft engines is one of the actual problems related to the flight safety. One of possible reasons of ingestion

in the gas-air flow duct of compressor is a formation of vortex core under an air intake on a runway surface during engine

working on a stop. Calculations of the solid particles’ motion in wall-free concentrated vortexes, being the analogues of vortex

core have been made in this paper. The numerical results have allowed to find peculiarities of behavior for particles with

different inertia (different density and sizes) in vortexes of various intensity. Based on calculations and available experimental

data a dimensionless criterion had been supposed, which determines the particles’ behavior in concentrated vortex structures.

Estimations for maximal time of dynamic relaxation for particles involved in the air intake by vortex cores of different

intensities have been made with use of this criterion. The knowledge of particles’ dynamics in the vortex cores formed near

the air intake of aircraft engines is necessary to develop the methods to protect them from possible ingestion from the

runway to ensure the flight safety.
Explosion Hazard of Biogas Cloud Formed at Solid Waste Landfills
Authors: Мастрюков  , Mastryukov B. , Блинова  , Blinova A.
Published: December 2014

Analysis of negative factors of solid waste (SW) landfills seldom includes explosion hazard of a biogas cloud formed by

degradation of organic part of waste. The article analyses dynamics of biogas generation depending on characteristics of

waste pre-sorting, gas-air cloud (GAC) distribution considering SW landfill lifetime, season and atmospheric stability class.

Deflagration explosion poses actual danger of buildings destruction and life loss in settlements adjacent to the landfill.

GAC explosion frequency rate is estimated 7,87 · 10–6 per year.
A Rejoinder to Rigdon et al. (2014)
Authors: Aguirre-Urreta Miguel I. , Marakas George M.
Published: December 2014

We appreciate the interest shown by Rigdon et al. [Rigdon EE, Becker J-M, Rai A, Ringle CM, Diamantopoulos A, Karahanna E, Straub DW, Dijkstra TK (2014) Conflating antecedents and formative indicators: A comment on Aguirre-Urreta and Marakas. Inform. Systems Res. 25(4):780–784.] in our recent work and for the time and effort spent in carefully considering it and offering their comments and concerns. In what follows, and within the limitations of a short rejoinder, we offer our response to their comments, highlighting points of agreement and noting where more research is necessary.
AAC&U's Integrative Liberal Learning and the CAS Standards: Advising for a 21st Century Liberal Education
Authors: Robbins Rich
Published: December 2014

The Association of American Colleges and Universities presented and promoted integrative liberal learning as a collaborative goal that all institutions of higher education must strive to achieve. The similarities between the goals of integrative liberal learning and the Standards for Academic Advising by the Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education are discussed with emphasis placed on the critical role that academic advising plays in support of an integrative liberal learning education, and in turn, future success for all students.
Determination of the Cascade Reservoir Operation for Optimal Firm-Energy Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: - Azmeri , K Iwan , - Hadihardaja , Legowo Sri
Published: December 2014

Abstract - Indonesia today face a new paradigm in water management where aim to apply integrated water resources management has become unavoidable task in purpose of achieving greater level of effectiveness and efficiency. On of most interesting case study is the case of Citarum river, one of the most potential river for water supply in West Java, Indonesia. Alongside the river, Saguling, Cirata and Djuanda Reservoirs had been constructed in series/cascade. Saguling and Cirata reservoirs are particularly operated for hydroelectric power and Djuanda is multipurpose reservoir mainly operated for irrigation and contribute domestic water supply for Jakarta (capital city of Indonesia). Basically all reservoirs are relying on same resources, therefore this condition has considered addressing management and operational problem. Therefore, an approach toward new management and operation system are urgently required in order to achieve the effective and efficient output and to avoid conflicts of water used. This study aims to obtain energy production from Citarum Cascade Reservoir System using Genetic Algorithms optimization with the objective function to maximize firm-energy. Firm-energy is the minimum energy requirements must be available in a certain time period. Then, the result obtained by using the energy produced by GA is compared to the conventional searching technique of Non-Linier Programming (NLP). The GA derived operating curves reveal the higher energy and firm-energy than NLP model. Keywords: Genetic Algorithms, Citarum Cascade Reservoir, Firm-Energy, Electrical Energy
Response of Some Biochemical and Mineral Constituents of the Postharvest Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Influenced by Different Levels of Bavistin DF
Authors: Islam M. Khairul , Islam A. K.M. Rafiul , Sarkar M.A.R. , Hakim K.A. , Alam N.
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn investigation was carried out with the postharvest mangoes (viz., the Langra and the Khirshapat) treating with different levels of Bavistin DF solution (namely, 250, 500, and 750 PPM) for obtaining results on the biochemical and mineral content changes as well as storability of postharvest mango. The results of the experiments exhibited that only the single effect of varieties was found to be significant in most of the parameters studied. The Langra enriched a greater quantity of crude fiber, lipid, water-soluble protein, phosphorus, and potassium constituents over the Khirshapat. It is revealed that the expansion of mineral contents in the mango was intimately associated with ripening during storage. The results also noticed to be an increasing trend of lipid and protein content in mango pulp with the advance of storage period using Bavistin DF. Keywords: Postharvest mango; Biochemical constituents; mineral contents; Bavistin DF.
Contribution of Heat Fluxes on Cyclone Narelle as Simulated by a Mesoscale Model
Authors: Ilhamsyah Yopi , Lindiasfika Frinsa , Bey Ahmad , Setiawan Ichsan , . Rizwan , M. Affan Junaidi
Published: December 2014

Abstract - Heat fluxes from oceanic evaporation particularly latent heat is important to drive the formation and intensification of Cyclone Narelle. The research was carried out by introducing a mesoscale model, namely Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF). One domain with spatial resolution at 10 km was utilized in the model. The model involved significant physical parameters, e.g., Kain-Fritsch in the cumulus scheme, Yonsei University in the Planetary Boundary Layer scheme, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class in the microphysics scheme. The analysis focused on January 8th to 14th upon all stages of Narelle. The result showed that Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) higher than 26°C was a favorable environment for Cylone Narelle to form. Surface sensible and latent heat fluxes have strong positive correlation with wind speed and SST. It can be concluded that these variables were highly correlated with surface heat flux that further lead to the formation and intensification of Cyclone Narelle in early January 2013 over South Indian Ocean. The tracks and stages of the model are nearly similar to the observations, the differences are found in late phases of Narelle.  Keywords: Latent heat; WRF; SST; Sensible heat; Wind speed
Study on The Potency of Methanol Extracts From Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld As Natural Anti Oxidant by Thiobarbituric Acid Method
Authors: Ratnawati Devi , . Lusiana , Martono Agus , Fitriyanti Wahidah
Published: December 2014

Abstract- In this research Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld (the Purple yam) was selected as experimental material. This plant was collected from Rejang Lebong region, Bengkulu Province. Methanol extract 96% from stem of purple yam was studied its anti-oxidant activity in various concentrations with α-tocopherol (200 ppm) as standard of antioxidant. Antioxidant activity was determined using Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method. Linoleic acid was oxidized at 40 ºC for seven days with or without extract and the final product malondialdehyde (MDA) was reacted with thiostembituric acid to be of red colored complex (MDA-TBA) and was then measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer at λ 532 nm. Stem extract of purple yam with concentration of 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm respectively had the inhibition of 19.32%, 21.85%, 29.47%, and 31.05%.  α-Tocopherol as positive control which showed inhibition ability of 85.14% at 200 ppm. Based on the result obtained in this study, the stem’s extract of Purpel yam plant showed that antioxidant activity was lower than α-tocopherol. Keywords : Xanthosoma nigrum; Stellfeld; MDA; Antioxidant.
Adaptive Thermal Comfort in The Tropic: A Case Study of The Aceh Tsunami Museum
Authors: Hilma Sari Laina , . Zulfian
Published: December 2014

Abstract - Thermal comfort calculated using ISO 7730 has been questioned and responded by more adaptive thermal comfort methods. This study was therefore conducted to assess the acceptable thermal comfort for the local people in the tropical Aceh using the measurement based on ISO 7730 and with adaptive thermal comfort method by questionnaires. In this research, Aceh Tsunami Museum building, located in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, was in an open designed layout to be assessed as a case study. This study was conducted onsite using mechanical equipment and involving 138 respondents. The result shows that the comfort temperature calculated by mechanical equipment based on ISO 7730 is 23.140C. This is in contrast with the result of the questionnaires that showed people in an open building design rate the air temperature up to 320C as slightly cool. This condition is influenced by the mean air speed of 2.34 m/s and the mean relative humidity of 66.25%. This finding agrees that obtaining the comfort air temperature especially in tropics merely from the prediction of comfort index in ISO 7730 is inaccurate since the respondents actually could adapt with the higher air temperature. Keywords: Adaptive thermal comfort; Tropics; Aceh Tsunami Museum
Tyrosinase Inhibition Type of Isolated Compounds Obtained from Pachyrhizus erosus
Authors: Lukitaningsih Endang , Bahi Muhammad , Holzgrabe Ulrike
Published: December 2014

Abstract - In Indonesia, Bengkoang (Phacyrhizus erosus) have been used as one of cosmetics especially as sun screening and skin whitening materials. Six active compounds in Bengkoang with antioxidant and skin whitening activities have been isolated, namely daidzein, daidzin, genistin, (8,9)-furanyl-pterocarpan-3-ol, 4-(2-(furane-2-yl)ethyl)-2-methyl-2,5-dihydro-furane-3-carbaldehyde and 2-butoxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofurane-3,4-diol. According to literatures, the type of their tyrosinase inhibitory activity has not yet reported. The determination of whitening activity of each compound was evaluated by the evaluation of Lineweaver-Burk plot. The result showed that five compounds had competitive inhibitory activity and 8,9-furanyl-pterocarpan-3-ol showed a non-competitive inhibition. Keywords: Pachyrhizus erosus, tyrosinase, competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition
The Effect of Rainfall Patterns on the Mechanisms of Shallow Slope Failure
Authors: Suradi Muhammad , Fourie Andy
Published: December 2014

Abstract - This paper examines how rainfall patterns affect the mechanisms of shallow slope failure. Numerical modelling, utilising the commercial software SVFlux and SVSlope, was carried out for a coupled analysis of rainfall-induced slope seepage and instability, with reference to a shallow landslide took place in Jabiru, Northern Territory (NT) Australia in 2007. Rainfall events were varied in terms of pattern in this analysis. The results revealed that slopes are sensitive to rainfall pattern when the rainfall intensity has a high degree of fluctuation at around the same value as that of saturated hydraulic conductivity. Average rainfall intensity at the beginning of a rainfall period plays a primary role in determining the rate of decrease in initial factor of safety (Fi) towards minimum factor of safety (Fmin). The effect of rainfall events on the slope instability is attributed to the amount of rainwater infiltration into slope associated with rainfall pattern. Keywords: Rainfall pattern; Fluctuating intensity, Shallow failure mechanism; Slope failure; Rainwater infiltration.
Corrosion Inhibition Study of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium by Antibiotic Drugs: A Comparative Study
Authors: A. Aziz, Md Md. , Mst S Z. H. Khan, , Hasan Md. R.
Published: December 2014

Abstract - A comparison of the inhibiting efficiency of antibiotic drugs (ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, and amoxicillin) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol·L−1 HCl were studied at room temperature using mass loss measurement. The main reason is probably be due to the formation of protective coverage by the inhibitor as other authors reported previously. Adsorption characteristics of the inhibitor has also been studied using simple equation and it was found that drugs inhibits the corrosion of mild steel by being adsorbed on the surface of mild steel by a physical adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of drugs on the mild steel surface was found to be spontaneous and obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. It was observed that the test drug has a promising inhibitory action in acid medium against corrosion of mild steel. Moreover it was revealed that an inhibition efficiency of 80.1 % can be achieved with 3×10-3M ciprofloxacin drug treatment on mild steel.Keywords: Steel corrosion; Antibiotic drugs; Adsorption isotherm; Inhibition mechanism.
Surface Energy Balance in Jakarta and Neighboring Regions As Simulated Using Fifth Mesoscale Model (MM5)
Authors: Ilhamsyah Yopi
Published: December 2014

Abstract – The objective of the present research was to assess the surface energy balance particularly in terms of the computed surface energy and radiation balance and the development of boundary layer over Jakarta and Neighboring Regions (JNR) by means of numerical model of fifth generation of Mesoscale Model (MM5).  The MM5 with four domains of 9 kilometers in spatial resolution presenting the outermost and the innermost of JNR is utilized. The research focuses on the third and fourth domains covering the entire JNR. The description between radiation and energy balance at the surface is obtained from the model. The result showed that energy balance is higher in the city area during daytime. Meanwhile, energy components, e.g., surface sensible and latent heat flux showed that at the sea and in the city areas were higher than other areas. Moreover, ground flux showed eastern region was higher than others. In general, radiation and energy balance was higher in the daytime and lower in the nighttime for all regions. The calculation of Bowen Ratio, the ratio of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, was also higher in the city area, reflecting the dominations of urban and built-up land in the region. Meanwhile, Bowen Ratio in the rural area dominated by irrigated cropland was lower. It is consistent with changes of land cover properties, e.g. albedo, soil moisture, and thermal characteristics. In addition, the boundary layer is also higher in the city. Meanwhile western region dominated by suburban showed higher boundary layer instead of eastern region. Keywords: MM5; Energy components; Land cover properties
A General Overview on Some Aspects of Fish Reproduction
Authors: A. Muchlisin Zainal
Published: December 2014

Abstract - Reproduction is one of the important physiological systems that are crucial in the life cycle of living organisms including fish. The main objective of the reproduction is to maintain the existence of the species and therefore fish have a strategies and tactics to achieve this objective. The reproduction behaviours are important to be studied in relation to know the population dynamic of fishes and their spawning seasons. This information is very crucial in relation to the development of breeding technology for aquaculture and conservation (restocking) purposes. This paper reviews the reproductive strategy, fecundity and spawning frequency of fishes.Keywords: Fecundity; Spawning frequency; Gonadal development; Synchronous; gonadosomoatic index
Role of Age Hardening Heat Treatment on the Hardness Values of 93.95 Al-5 Zn-1.05 Sn/5 Al2o3- Sio2 Particulate Composite
Authors: P. Ihom Aondona
Published: December 2014

Abstract - The effect of age hardening heat treatment on the hardness values of 93.95Al-5Zn-1.05Sn/5Al2O3-SiO2 particulate composite has been studied. The data used for the work was generated at the National Metallurgical Development Centre, Jos Foundry shop, where the composite was developed. The composite was developed using the stir cast method. The result of the work has shown that the composite has a response to age hardening heat treatment with the optimum hardness value occurring at 2 hours of age hardening. A model was developed for the relationship between age hardening time and hardness of the composite. It was tested, and the product moment of correlation and the coefficient of correlation values attested to the degree of correlation existing between the two variables.
Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Acalypha Racemosa Leaves
Authors: Hammuel Chrinius , Anyim Benedicta P. , Raplong Helen H. , Inekwe Victory U. , Batari Musa L.
Published: December 2014

Abstract - Drug resistance microorganisms have posed enormous public concern there is therefore a need to screen plants that could have the potency in the control of the pathogenic organisms. The extracts obtained from the Acalypha racemosa were screened for phytochemical properties and in vitro investigation of methanol and aqueous extracts. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, phlabatanins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Glycoside and cardiac glycoside, tannins and sterols were in traced amount. The in vitro antibacterial investigation of the crude extract was conducted. The studies showed that the plant contains compounds that have antibacterial activity. The extracts revealed greater potential against the test bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 20-30 mm for methanol extract in the order Escherichia coliKlebsiella pneumoniaeProteus mirabilisBacillus subtilisPseudomonas aeruginosa and 18-27mm for aqueous extract in the order Escherichia coli Bacillus subtilis Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis. All the bacteria were more susceptible to methanol extract than the aqueous extract as indicated in the zones of inhibition with exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in which there was no inhibition. The aqueous extract had effect on all the test bacteria although having zones of inhibition lower than the methanol extract.  The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both extracts range from 12.5-50 mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range from 25-100 mg/ml. Escherichia coli was more susceptibility to both extracts and less was seen in the case of aqueous extract against Proteus mirabilis. The screening of the plant has revealed its potency in the treatment of pathogenic infections that may be caused by these pathogens.
The Whiteness of Police
Authors: Singh Nikhil Pal
Published: December 2014

This essay considers the emergence of the concept of police power and the institution of policing in the United States in relation to the development and maintenance of projects of enslavement, settler colonialism, racial domination, and overseas conquest over time. It speculates that whiteness and policing have become coconstitutive through a long historical process, one that continues to define and constellate the present.
The Pan Am Quipper as Site of Anxiety: Managing Emotion in an Era of Neoliberalism and Corporate Decline
Authors: Trost Theodore Louis
Published: December 2014

The early 1980s represent a key moment in American culture when neoliberal politics and economic policy began to take hold under the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Airlines were among those corporations most affected by the weakening of union power and the increased competition that resulted from deregulation. This article views these changes through the lens of the Quipper —an underground publication produced by flight attendants who worked for Pan American World Airways. After a brief survey of Pan Am’s history, with particular attention to the corporate lore that contributed to the airline’s legendary allure, the Quipper is reviewed as a site for managing a common identity through satire and sass, rumor and innuendo. Publication of the Quipper allowed its writers to perform a kind of emotional labor—both for themselves and vicariously on behalf of their colleagues—in the face of corporate decline.
Indigenous Circuits: Navajo Women and the Racialization of Early Electronic Manufacture
Authors: Nakamura Lisa
Published: December 2014

From 1965 to 1975 the legendary Silicon Valley company Fairchild Semiconductor operated a state-of-the-art integrated circuit manufacturing plant in Shiprock, New Mexico on Navajo land. In the face of concerns about high-tech pollution, increasingly empowered labor organizations, and a newly politicized and visible American Indian civil rights movement, indigenous electronic workers at Shiprock were pressed into service as examples of the peaceful coexistence and integration of the past and the future, the primitive and the modern, creativity and capitalism. Navajo women workers were described as ideal predigital digital workers, uniquely suited to the job by temperament, culture, and gender. Their labor as platform builders was cited as evidence that digital work—the work of the hand and its digits—could be painlessly transferred from the indigenous cultural context into the world of technological commercial innovation, benefiting both in the process.
Possessive Investment: Indian Removals and the Affective Entitlements of Whiteness
Authors: Goldstein Alyosha
Published: December 2014

In 2013 the US Supreme Court effectively granted custody of an almost four-year-old child to adoptive white parents over the opposition of her Cherokee birth father and the Cherokee Nation in Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl (the “Baby Veronica” case). This essay examines the Court ruling, and the protracted custody and jurisdictional struggles in its wake, in order to show how whiteness in the United States has been historically constituted not only as a form of property but also as the capacity to possess. Against the perspective that colonialism persists in the United States only insofar as indigeneity remains legible as racial difference, this essay focuses on how Adoptive Couple served as a means of reasserting white heteronormative rights to possess and to deny culpability for the ongoing conditions and consequences of colonization and multiple forms of racial violence in the present.
“Colored Men of the East”: African Americans and the Instability of Race in US–Japan Relations
Authors: Asaka Ikuko
Published: December 2014

The article examines two competing popular discourses about race formed around the Japanese delegation that toured the Atlantic seaboard in the summer of 1860 and argues that the divergent white attitudes toward the Asian visitors opened up new discursive opportunities for African American elites to assert national inclusion and critique white racism. Conflicting ideas about Japanese racial difference emerged and played out on the streets and in newspapers, for the diplomats meant differently to white male citizens along class lines—honorable state guests to the merchant and political class in pursuit of lucrative transpacific trade deals, on the one hand, and intruders into the public sphere of white male fraternity to working-class men, on the other. Such rupture, in turn, provided African Americans a platform from which to both criticize the pervasiveness of American racism and demand extension of respect to the domestic “gentlemen of color” as well.
The Presumption of White Innocence
Authors: Cacho Lisa Marie
Published: December 2014

This essay considers how “the presumption of innocence” in self-defense cases not only functions through whiteness but also normalizes violence against the black and/or brown body. Consequentially, “the presumption of innocence” renders black victimhood and black innocence illegible.
North and South: Advertising Prosperity in the Italian Economic Boom Years
Authors: Liguori Maria Chiara
Published: December 2014

In the mid to late 1950s, Italians experienced an improvement in quality of life thanks to an economic boom. During these years, advertising presented not only consumer goods, but also the convictions of the producers, who were buying visibility in an attempt to generate adequate revenue for their economic efforts. The country, however, had to shoulder the considerable economic gap between the prosperous North and the relatively undeveloped Southern regions. A comparative analysis of all the advertisements published during the first semester of 1958 and 1959 in two regional newspapers, Il Resto del Carlino (Bologna) and La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno (Bari), reveals, in terms of number, size and distribution, some of the economic dynamics affecting the two areas. Because it is impossible to reveal the underlying decision-making process of the companies placing the ads without an examination of economic reports and the minutes of board meetings of the companies, the research emphasis is instead on rates of investment in print advertising in the two newspapers. Future studies of sample periods before and after the Italian boom years might provide for a better diachronic analysis.
Latin American Communities in Canada: Trends in Diversity and Integration
Authors: Armony Victor
Published: December 2014

This paper provides an overview of the Latin American population in Canada based on data extracted from the 2011 census and from a survey conducted in 2013 with an oversample of Latin American immigrants, as well as from other sources. It deals with the ways in which Latin Americans are categorized and how they self-identify in Canada—with the U.S. reality as a point of reference—and with a focus on Latin Americans’ cultural attitudes and values in a Québec-rest of Canada comparative perspective. Cet article établit un portrait de la population latino-américaine du Canada sur la base de données tirée du recensement de 2011 et d’un sondage réalisé en 2013 avec un échantillon d’immigrants latino-américains, ainsi que d’autres sources. On s’intéresse en particulier à la manière dont les Latino-américains sont catégorisés et à leurs modalités d’auto-identification dans le contexte canadien et nord-américain. On examine également leurs attitudes culturelles et leurs valeurs dans une perspective comparative entre le Québec et le reste du Canada.
Queer Kinship, Queer Eugenics: Edith Lees Ellis, Reproductive Futurity, and Sexual Citizenship
Authors: Cohler Deborah
Published: December 2014

Edith Lees Ellis, now remembered most for her marriage to sexologist Havelock Ellis, produced a suite of political essays and fiction at the turn of the twentieth century that explored questions of racial citizenship, reproductive politics, and women’s rights through the discourse of eugenics. Reading Ellis’s 1906 My Cornish Neighbours in relation to current debates surrounding queer theory reveals an important relationship between the history of eugenics and current queer theories of futurity and abjection. By examining early twentieth-century discourses of reproduction, kinship, and citizenship through the lenses of feminist geopolitics and queer temporality, the article illustrates how Ellis’s articulations of alternative kinships and queer eugenics might move current work in queer theory to consider the embedded structure of racial hierarchies in discussions of futurity, and the relationship of normative and oppositional kinship structures to the geopolitical.
The Body and the City Project: Young Black Women Making Space, Community, and Love in Newark, New Jersey
Authors: Cox Aimee
Published: December 2014

The article considers how The Body and the City Project, a performance ethnographic initiative active between 2009 and 2011 with Black women and girls in Newark, provides a model for disrupting the neoliberal co-optation of public space, and the brown and Black female bodies that move through and occupy these spaces. It explains how the project emerged as a response to the ways in which Black women and girls experience the changing nature of safety, access, mobility, ownership, and belonging in postindustrial Newark. Tracing the project’s development demonstrates how the integration of performance methodologies within the context of feminist ethnographic practices provides the space to centralize collective identities and community accountability in ways that directly challenge notions of competition, individualism, and the capitalist consumption of space that define the contours of contemporary neoliberal practices, particularly in urban areas experiencing actual or perceived demographic shifts. The article seeks to centralize performance as a mode of investigation in feminist ethnography; better understand and more concretely identify what nurtures Black women and girls’ community engagement; and inspire new solutions to the issues they identify as examples of injustice, with distinctly neoliberal roots, in their local communities.
Naming Oppressions, Representing Empowerment: June Jordan’s and Suheir Hammad’s Poetic Projects
Authors: Harb Sirène
Published: December 2014

The article aims to explore intersections between June Jordan’s and Suheir Hammad’s work to show how their writing is inscribed in a comparative analytic inspired by women of color critique, which names formations like minority and bourgeois nationalism to make evident their connection to neoliberal modes of power, as well as notions of normativity and value. In highlighting such an analytic, the article draws on Grace Kyungwon Hong and Roderick A. Ferguson’s reading of women of color critique as a practice that “question[s] nationalist and identitarian modes of political organization and craft[s] alternative understandings of subjectivity, collectivity, and power” (2011, 2). In its stress on the impact of Jordan’s politics, philosophy, and thought on Hammad’s writing, the article paves the way for understanding the forms of influence and affiliation underlying the commitment to revisionary goals among women writers of color, whose history has been overlooked in the context of a broader American literary history. Arguably, by drawing links between these authors using an alternative model of anti-colonial, anti-racist, and feminist struggle, the article offers an alternative framework to understand literary tradition and genealogies, apart from normative paradigms and approaches.
The Korean Origin of the Term Samch’ŏ chŏnsim 三處傳心 (Three Places of Mind-Transmission)
Authors: Kim Seong-Uk
Published: December 2014

Samch’ŏ chŏnsim (Three places of the mind-transmission 三處傳心) is one of the best-known terms in the Korean Buddhist tradition. It refers to three different events in which the Buddha Śākyamuni transmitted the mind to his successor, Mahākāśyapa. These events include the Buddha sharing his seat, holding up a flower, and sticking his feet out of his coffin. Despite its popularity, the term has hardly attracted serious academic attention. Scholars have assumed that it originated from China to refer to those “historical” episodes that happened in India. However, textual evidence shows (a) that many mind-transmission episodes developed in medieval China to substantiate the Chan separation from the scriptural tradition and (b) that the term Samch’ŏ chŏnsim was first introduced in Korea to treat the three episodes of Samch’ŏ chŏnsim collectively and to attempt a new interpretation of the mind-transmission. The term first appears in the Koryŏ Sŏn master Kagun’s Sŏnmun yŏmsong sŏrhwa 禪門拈頌說話 to present the idea that the Buddha transmitted to Kāśyapa different minds or different aspects of the mind in different times and places .
A Farce that Wounds Both High and Low: The Guan Yu Cult in Chosŏn-Ming Relations*
Authors: Lieu Joshua Van
Published: December 2014

Scholarship on Chosŏn gratitude to the Ming in the wake of the Imjin Wars stresses Chosŏn loyalism and nostalgia for a lost civilizational order then only remnant as a final human outpost on the Korean peninsula standing firm before the tides of northern savagery. There was a very different undercurrent, however, in which the Chosŏn officialdom of the capital saw the Ming as irrational and even culturally alien, if not barbarous, violators of propriety. This paper examines these tensions and contradictions through the construction of Chosŏn state temples to Guan Yu, known in his deified form as Kwan Wang, at the close of the sixteenth century and the roles the cult and its temples played as a discursive space in which the Ming and Chosŏn governments negotiated the nature and dynamics of their relationship.
Character and Convention in the Letters of Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History
Authors: DeVore David J.
Published: December 2014

Letters inserted into Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History can be interpreted fruitfully within the context of the usage of embedded letters in imperial Greek literature. Elite Greek narrative texts regularly attributed letters to famous Greeks of the past in order to model elite convention and to reveal heroic character. Similarly, Eusebius’ subtle and manipulative reproduction of letters by past Christians foregrounds these Christians as exemplars of proper ecclesiastical conduct. Eusebius’ letters represent wide communication, harmonious resolution of differences, and conformity to past Christians’ conduct as essential to Christian identity, particularly in his narratives of the paschal and rebaptism controversies. Eusebius presented epistolary conventions so as to render Christian character acceptable to elite Greek-speaking audiences.
Contraction in Russian Dialects: Evidence for Paradigm Contrast
Authors: Bethin Christina Y.
Published: December 2014

Contraction of VjV sequences to V as in aja > a , aje > a , ojo > o , uju > u , eje > e , ije > i is found in northern and central Russian dialects, primarily in non-past verb forms and in adjectives. The focus of this paper is on the manifestation of this process in verbs and specifically on the resistance to contraction found in the 2pl forms. There are several different explanations in the literature for the exceptionality of 2pl forms, but they are not entirely convincing. I propose a new and more comprehensive explanation for the resistance to contraction in this category based on the notion of paradigm contrast.
The Involuntary State /feel-like Construction: What Aspect Cannot Do
Authors: Marušič Franc , Žaucer Rok
Published: December 2014

The hyperintensional South Slavic involuntary state/ feel-like construction is interesting in that it is restricted to a peculiar syntactic frame (dative subject and reflexive-impersonal or reflexive-passive verb) but has no overt element encoding its desiderative meaning and its intensionality. Recently it received two very different analyses. For Marušič and Žaucer (2006a), the construction is biclausal, with its desiderative meaning coming from a phonologically null verb. For Rivero (2009), its “modal” meaning arises from a viewpoint-aspect imperfective operator in a monoclausal structure. The aspect-based account poses a challenge for the theory of null verbs, since it cancels what had been considered a rare attestation of the theory’s logical possibility of having a null matrix verb. It also poses a challenge for the sententionalist view of hyperintensionality, since it posits that the latter can arise outside a clausal complement. This paper demonstrates that the aspect-based account is problematic in several respects and reinstates the null-verb analysis.
Two Russian Hybrids
Authors: Zanon Ksenia
Published: December 2014

This paper reports on a peculiar phenomenon in Russian which involves both a Y/N marker ( li ) with a wh- word. Under consideration are the two incarnations of this construction—herein called Hybrid Wh-coordination (HWh) and its reverse counterpart (rHWh). In the former the Y/N marker precedes the wh- word (and the coordinator), while in the latter this order is permuted. This surface difference has deeper underpinnings, since the two constructions do not behave in identical fashion with respect to various diagnostics. Hence they are not amenable to the same treatment. I will argue for a biclausal genesis of HWh questions. The rHWh cases, on the other hand, are ambiguous between biclausal and monoclausal structures, depending on the nature of the wh- word. The paper offers novel empirical generalizations, cataloguing previously unreported facts associated with hybrid coordination, as well as some theoretical contributions, bearing on the status of Across-The-Board extractions (ATB), quantifier raising (QR), li- placement, and the distribution of topicalized constituents (TC). In particular, the paper presents arguments in favor of QR in Russian. It is argued that the clauseboundedness restriction can be repaired under ellipsis. ATB movement is analyzed as a process of extraction out of each participating conjunct. The placement of li is understood as a result of PF reordering, which is distinct from Prosodic Inversion. Finally, D-linked wh-phrases are analyzed on a par with TCs.
Considering the Interest-Convergence Dilemma in STEM Education
Authors: Baber Lorenzo DuBois
Published: December 2014

This study examines tensions between universalist ideology and racial/ethnic inequalities in STEM education. Using data collected from qualitative interviews with STEM diversity administrators at 10 research-intensive, public universities, the study considers programmatic goals through an interest-convergence framework. Emerging patterns reveal approaches to STEM diversity that must align with departmental norms to gain general support. Administrators find limited opportunities to challenge structural practices that marginalize underrepresented students in STEM. Implications for sustainable diversity efforts in STEM education are considered.