bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 AS A FORM OF HYBRID WAR
Authors: CHIKOBAVA MALKHAZ
Published: July 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the Great Depression of the 1930s and the current global financial and economic crisis. It is emphasized that overcoming the first great depression and eliminating imbalances in the economy was achieved only during the Second World War, and the modern crisis, which has been raging for 11 years, has not yet ended. This crisis was not followed by the elimination of all imbalances accumulated in the economy. After the acute phase (recession) ended in 2009, stagnation (depression) occurred, which needed to be restored. We have been waiting for a revival for many years, now 2020, but it is not visible.
Comparing the crisis of the 30s of the last century and the current global financial and economic crisis, the following differences are obvious: stagnation in the 1930s lasted from 1933 to 1939, or six years that ultimately ended in World War II.
After the crisis of 2007-2009, stagnation continued for 11 years, with depression almost two times longer and more delayed. Despite the fact that in a sense, the situation in Western countries is better in the 21st century than in the 1930s, since there is
no longer the Soviet Union with its dynamically developing economy, but China has unprecedentedly high rates of economic growth. The thirty-year economic dynamics of China can definitely be called a boom phase. Not a single country in the West
has experienced such a long boom in the history of capitalism. It is clear that in such a situation the West must do something. Of course, the West, through war, has repeatedly overcome the accursed resistance of the capitalist rule of production.
But with the help of war, overcoming the contradiction of capitalism today is deadly dangerous. The first two world war occurred without the use of nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction. The third world war, of course, will be accompanied by the inevitable use of weapons of mass destruction. And therefore, it is necessary to change something in the world war, which will magically help correct the imbalance of the capitalist economy, revive it, and maintain the status quo of the ruling elite.
An alternative to a hot war can be the Cold War, which today they prefer to call hybrid. It involves the use of financial, commercial, economic, psychological and information resources. However, all this is not enough to provide the authorities with powers that would allow them to move from market methods to administrative-command methods of managing the economy. It is with the help of the latter that the imbalance that has accumulated in the economy can be overcome.
It is in this context that Coronavirus “appears” as an alternative to the global war to eliminate the imbalances accumulated in the leading economies of the world.
ABOUT WORKING OUT OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY INDICATORS IN GEORGIA
Authors: CHIKOVANI ELENE
Published: July 2021

Article is devoted to the problems of the working out of the social security indicators in Georgia. It considers the essence of the social security and its importance for crisis and post crisis economies. It evaluates existing deficiencies in working out of the social security indicators in Georgia. It singles out the issues of the necessity and importance of consideration of the security as a compound part of the welfare in the crisis economy. Marking out, the circle of the security indicators related to the development of the basic needs, welfare foundations and capacities. The necessity of the dissociate of the indicators on the national, family and individual (personal) levels is substantiated.
Inevitability of the setting out of the new circle of the social equality indicators in Georgia is grounded. The existing situation in the informational provision of the main directions of the social security recommended by the conventions and guidelines
of the international labor organization is characterized. Special attention is paid to the existing backdowns in development of the food security information system in Georgia.
The interrelation of the food security to the problems of the health, food insufficiency of the complex and sustainable development, as well as environmental issues is pointed out. The problems of the evaluation of the food security situation and elaboration of the relevant policy in Georgia are accentuated. The necessity of the further measures towards the improvement of the informational provision of the food security system is substantiated.
MACROECONOMICS DURING PANDEMIC: CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND OPTIMAL CONTAINMENT POLICY
Authors: MARGHIA TSOTNE
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led us to the need of choosing between short-term and long-term priorities. In order to conduct and evaluate effective policies, new types of models are required, that are able to incorporate both epidemiological and economic variables. The aim of this paper is to make practical use of theoretical framework in case of Georgia and lay the foundation for future research. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on the macroeconomically extended version of epidemiological SIR type model developed by Eichenbaum et al. (Eichenbaum, Rebelo, Trabandt, 2020). In
the homogenous economic agent model human behavior determines the pidemiological situation in the country. Individuals are reducing the probability of infecting themselves by reducing consumption and labor supply. However, consumers do not take into account the possibility of them infecting others, thus creating the negative external effect. Therefore, these effects can be internalized using the containment policy, which is represented as tax on consumption in the model. By raising taxes, the government increases the relative price of consumption to leisure (the economic agent chooses what part of one’s time to devote to the labor market and what part of time to devote to leisure). Consequently, on other equal terms, households will change their behavior and prefer to stay at home, which is their response to the increased tax. However, these actions have a big impact on output. An epidemic ends when a large part of the population acquires collective immunity. In the absence of a vaccine and effective treatment, immunity can be generated by transmission of the virus and subsequent recovery. At this time, the number of deaths due to the virus is increasing. In this model, it is optimal to gradually increase the containment measures in parallel with the increase in virus cases, and to gradually mitigate the measures as the community approaches the critical level of immunity. This will help increase the share of people with immunity and, in the event of a high level of infection, deter infected people.
The paper uses the mentioned theoretical framework in practice, taking into account the epidemiological and economic state in Georgia and investigates the short and long run effects of the pandemic on population health, as well as their economic
behavior. In the short run the containment policy leads to deep recession, although it reduces the number of infected and deceased. Therefore, in this case there is a choice to be made between epidemiological and economic situations in the short run. However, in the long run, the negative impact of the pandemic on the economy is weaker when using the containment policy, than in case of not using it at all.
THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON THE FORMS AND STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT
Authors: ARCHVADZE JOSEPH
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus pandemic almost immediately led to a global narrowing of the global economy, a sharp reduction in aggregate supply and demand. The decline in production was especially felt in the second quarter of 2020, when the recession in most countries of the world had a double-digit value. According to IMF forecasts, in general, the economy in developed countries, even in 2021, will not reach the level of 2019.
The global economic downturn is accompanied by a massive reduction in jobs, rising unemployment, especially in industries that are focused on foreign markets and serving foreign consumers (export production, reception and service of foreign tourists, international transportation, etc.).
The economic crisis caused by the coronavirus also hit global economic and technological ties, led to their widespread fail in many geographical points of the planet, and increased the risk of fragmentation and regionalization of the global market.
All this was adequately reflected in change of global demand for labor, in a significant transformation of the structure, size and location of employment, and the state of the labor market as a whole.
At the same time, the global crisis did not equally affect the level of employment in different types of activity, the formation of demand for labor, the labor market as a whole; the structure of jobs and employment in individual professions, instead of a proportional change, was uneven - mainly in an asymmetric form.
THE NEW GENERALIZED GRAVITATIONAL MODEL OF MIGRATION FOR GEORGIA
Authors: PIPIA QETEVAN , TUTBERIDZE GOCHA , RAKVIASHVILI GIVI , RAKVIASHVILI KRISTINE
Published: July 2021

Econophysics, or the theory of construction of models using physical assumptions in economics, already has a long history. For this purpose, the gravitational law of attraction was probably first used in the modeling of trade models between two subjects. The laws of gravitational and electrostatic attraction were then used to study migration between countries. The article adopts two new models (containing dummy variables) of migration from Georgia to leading European countries and USA using multivariate linear regression. They are based on the Lewer and van der Berg generalized gravitational model of migration between countries of The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Their model contains dummy parameters of border, the proximity of the state languages and colonial links in past. In this article we introduce a new dummy parameter «religion» of the model of migration from Georgia; It is hypothesized that migration between neighbor countries may not be analogous to the Newton›s law of universal gravitation. In our view, it would be more
appropriate to use other physical assumptions to construct such a migration model, for example a mathematical model of the law of equalization of temperatures in an area with different temperatures at different points.
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AS A FORM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN GEORGIA
Authors: RUSADZE NANA , CHIKHLADZE NIKO , NADIRADZE-GOGOLADZE TAMAR
Published: July 2021

Local self-government, as one of the most basic forms of the constitutional order, can be credible only in case of its practical coexistence with the public authorities. Local self-government, as a special form of people power, guarantees non-interference of the State in addressing local affairs. The constitutional-legal model of local self-government in Georgia is based on the renewal of democratic traditions of self-organization of the population and territorial self-government. This is primarily due to organizational specificities of local self-government. In addition, the constitutional norms establish a high level of independence of local self-government in addressing local affairs. However, the influence of the State at the level of local democracy persists in any case.
In the current context, local self-government is an integral part of a unified system of public relations, which is organizationally, institutionally and functionally closely linked to other levels of public administration. We believe that a task of local self-government, unlike the pubic authorities, is not to try to regulate everything, but to coordinate and harmonize the governance «from above» and self-regulation «from below».
In public administration there is a need to align people’s and the self-government’s interests. Public governance is intended to take into account the existing reality, to objectively assess the role and place various norms and carry out governance activities only on that basis. Nearly thirty years of experience in public-political governance in Georgia have demonstrated that in post-socialist Georgia, clearly, there is a gradual redistribution of power from the legislature to the executive branch. In addition, the country is witnessing a transformation in public-political governance.
PROBLEMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT ON THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC BACKGROUND IN GEORGIA
Authors: TUGUSHI MIRON
Published: July 2021

In this article current negative processes, causes of deteriorating of employment and unemployment indications, the reasons of which take place in Economical and Social sphere due to outbreak of the novel Coronavirus, are briefly characterized. It was concluded that the country will not be insured from viral pandemics in the future, therefore, the state is obliged to do everything for cohabiting along with this or another virus. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure both -protection of public health, as well as the unhindered growth of the country›s economy. We completely agree to the opinions of the Academician V. Papava, Expert I. Archvadze and others, that it is necessary to make more investments in the real sector of development of the country, especially in the agriculture, small and medium-sized businesses in general, which need to be developed more in the regions than in the capital. In addition to our opinion, along with the encouragement of exports, it is necessary to sharply reduce the volume of goods imported into the country, which will be possible through the development and implementation of production programs in our country (in Georgia). Effective regulation of employment and unemployment would not be impossible if such specific measures are not taken in this direction as: 1) Taking into consideration the consequences of the novel Coronavirus pandemic, it is necessary to specify the deadlines for the implementation of the “Georgian Labor and Employment Policy Strategy” within 2019-2023 (Resolution # 662, Annex 1) approved by the Government of Georgia on December 30, 2019; Due to the circumstances created in the country, the deadlines for the implementation of a lot of measures, set out in this Annex, should be extended. In addition, it is doubtfully to fully perform the functions established by the LEPL - Employment Agency in October 2019, envisaged by its statute for a variety of reasons (imposed complicated tasks, insufficient legal basis, weak supervision of the curatorial Ministry and etc.); 2) timely adoption of the Law «About Employment»; 3) It is necessary to specify the supervisor of labor, employment and unemployment issues in the country, the organizational structure and functions of the “Ministry of Refugees from the Occupied Territories, Labor, Health and Social Affairs” needs to be regulated; 4) In order to gradually implement the problems of unemployment, it is necessary to develop and implement employment programs on a regional scale. In this matter, the above-mentioned Ministry should perform not only a «Supporting», but an organizational role as well.
PANDEMIC IMPACTS ON THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: BENASHVILI GIORGI
Published: July 2021

In the history of world development, side to formation of the economic and financial systems, temporary crashes are not new. At different times, crises have always been experienced in different countries. However, within the rise of globalization and economic interdependence, modern crises are gaining much huge effects on social and economic systems. More than half a year passed since the novel Coronavirus declared as a pandemic and virus already killed more than 900 000 people, while bringing the total number of infections to more than 28 million. Aside from widen spread of the virus, it can already be boldly said that virus has become the biggest challenge of modern reality since the World War II. The Coronomic crisis, which became actual shortly since the outbreak of COVID-19 virus pandemic, is characterized by a different anatomy due to its nature. Unlike the previous crises, which experienced well-established financial and economic basis, the current crisis is significantly different. This time, the cause the crisis haven›t financial of economic source, but the roots come from medicine. The current situation makes the economy a hostage of medicine (Papava, 2020) which is a
dramatically different phenomenon from the previous crashes. Unlike the economic crises over the last decade and century, the Coronomic crisis affects many sectors of the economy. While it puts into the agenda necessity of rethinking existing policy on international trade, production chain and generally structure of the economy. This requires in depth research, which is the aim of this article. Without vaccine and effective clinical treatments agains the virus, social distancing remains the only recommended
tool agains the virus. The latter is a significant challenge for the modern economy. The current situation, in addition to the necessity of rethink economic policy also puts into the agenda the issue of establishing new trends in the international trade and economy. The reality in the post-pandemic period, which may lead to changes in the international supply chain and a new dealing out of the supply market, will lead to significant changes in the international economy that requires in-depth research and analysis. The aim of the paper is to analyze some of the above issues, which will be presented on the based of existing empirical data.
ASSESSING THE ADEQUACY OF PENSION SYSTEMS IN GEORGIA AND EUROPE
Authors: GHANIASHVILI MAKA
Published: July 2021

For several decades, pension systems across the world have been undergoing reforms. The main reasons for this are demographic changes and increasing life expectancy. As life expectancy increases and the birth rate decreases, more people retire than are added to the workforce. To make these reforms more effective and ensure that they are based on the best benchmarks, the European Union (EU) has introduced the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) in the field of pensions. Pension system reform is on its way in Georgia since 2019, January. OMC evaluates pensions systems in terms of the
three main objectives: adequacy, sustainability, and modernization of pensions. Our methodology is based on multivariate statistical analysis, and employs synthetic indicators for adequacy objectives, in case of Georgia and 27 EU countries, in the
years 2010, 2015 and 2018. The article contributes to the existing literature on pension reforms through investigation of the convergence of EU27 and Georgia pension systems in terms of one of the OMC objectives, in order to evaluate the adequacy
of the pension systems.
A FINANCIAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE ECONOMY OF GEORGIA
Authors: KHIDASHELI MIRZA
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 pandemic have shaped new economic reality. Globalization shaped the new type of economic. Businesses are excessively depended on an international cooperation. After 11/4/2020 when WHO declared the global pandemic, developed states were trying to build own medical equipment factories, but it came up harder than it appeared first. Precisely no one knows a scale of the recession, because it depended on the healthcare issues, not on an economic itself. So, developed states already have announced unprecedented packages of fiscal and monetary stimulus.
Novel coronavirus outbreak creates economic threats for Georgian economic and financial stability too. But as everything, it has minimum two sides. Crises and shocks are a favorable time for rethinking everything again. The crisis can more precisely
show the vulnerable areas and obtain a political support for changes and reforms. The permanent deficit of current accounts and trade balance is not new normal for Georgian economic, but the pandemic showed how it can increase rapidly by the
tourism sector and the money transfers declining. Beside current account balance permanent deficit, a structure of the balance is another challenge. It is obvious that, economic development and improvement of trade balance are basic issues
for sustainable economic, but without FDI it is a «mission impossible». The problem has complicated, because of last five-year FDI amounts are shrinking year to year. Another direction of pandemic interference is state budget. The budget revenues
structural analyses showed increasing share of sovereign debt. Much more, GDP to sovereign debt ratio reached 40% in 2019. The currency devaluation and economic slowdown worsening this condition. So, we have less opportunities for debt
in long run future. Another challenge of Georgian public finance is a structure of the budget expenses. A share of social costs and subsidies are consisting more than 1/3 of the state budget and only 15% consists capital spending, which can
really boost economy and promote employment in short run. Amid pandemic, banks credit portfolios also are under the risk, especially loans linked to tourism and development sectors. The pandemic shock needs two side response policy: fiscal
stimulus in short run and structural reforms in long run. Creating monetary stimulus packages, Georgia is more restricted than developed economics and emerging markets. So, we need coherent structural reforms to accomplish comprehensive “small
government” model. Social spending should be replaced by supporting economic growth and subsequent employment.
THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 ON ECONOMICS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGIA)
Authors: ASANIDZE NIKA
Published: July 2021

Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on societies, economies and vulnerable groups is fundamental to inform and tailor the responses of governments and partners to recover from the crisis and ensure that no one is left behind in this effort. The world is facing the dangers posed by the global spread of the new COVID-19 which has created new set of problems for the economy. The Crisis has caused many difficulties for Georgia and its economy. The impact of the new virus is rippling through Georgian economy, but it might take a few months to fully see the fallout in data that track economic performance in Georgia. The coronavirus pandemic is putting enormous pressure on healthcare systems, it is affecting the global economy in an unprecedented way and it is leading to a downturn incomparable to any other economic crisis in recent
history. It is hard to estimate the depth and duration of the recession for every region and country. It will depend not only on the development of pandemic, but also on specific economic futures, strengths and vulnerabilities. Today the economy
is a hostage to medicine. In Georgia, had on the following industries: tourism, transportation, agriculture and real estate had the biggest negative impact from COVID-19. Hotels, restaurants and tourist agencies demand from the government to
postpone the budget taxes and bank loans. Meanwhile the hospitality sector of Georgia tries to minimize the cost because of sharp drop in revenue. Different countries will need different responses to dealing with the global economic challenges. As
a fact COVID-19 has taught many countries to survive during the crisis period. From the economic stand point of view, every country has suffered the negative consequences of the COVID-19. The level of the consequences had direct correlation on the economic factors.
THE ECONOMIC-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN CASE OF THE ACTUALITY OF DEVELOPIING OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Authors: TABAGARI KHATUNA
Published: July 2021

Oil and natural gas are significant commodities in the world, on which the world industry, production, transport and other directions are depended. After the spreading of Corona Virus and continuous oil production by Russia, oil price began decreasing. This fact impacted on economy of the world oil producer countries and not only.
It is noteworthy that the total bulk of the world oil reserves were 244.1 billion tonnes in 2018 which was increased by 1.3% compared to last year. At the same year the oil consumption was 4.5 billion tonnes which was increased by 1.6% compared to last year, too. Though oil consumption is connected to an ecological problems. The situation is lighter in case of natural gas, than oil. The alternative energies of oil, and generally hydrocarbons, are considered green economy, namely renewable energy
resources. This means rationally using the resources, keeping reproductive processes, increasing productivity, saving economic and social prosperity of humans. Replacing non-renewable, lacking energy resources are being replaced with the renewable
and ecologically clear ones (Abesadze, R. 2019). The aim of the sudy is to investigate how it is possible to replace hydrocarbons with renawble resources, how it only
depends on the cost and stability of them, how it is possible to “let” the green economy, namely, renewable resources to be developed in the world, when oil and natural gas represent one of the instruments of power in the context of globalization.
PROSPECTS FOR AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN IMERETI REGION
Authors: SHANIDZE GODERDZI
Published: July 2021

The development of agribusiness in Georgia is quite promising and realistic. Imereti region is one of the most distinguished regions in Georgia in terms of agricultural production. Imereti region has been involved in the production and sales of agricultural products for a long time (e.g. grapes, tea, cheese, herbs, cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.) that have been
widely popular throughout the country. The research has shown that various products produced in Imereti region (especially: cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs, wine, cheese, tea) are quite in demand in the hotel food service, however, there is still no adequate supply of hotels with the products produced in Imereti region.
MODERN CONDITION AND ROLE OF MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGIA)
Authors: CHELIDZE MEDEA , BERIDZE TAMARI , GODERDZISHVILI BELLA
Published: July 2021

The financial companies have hold an important position in the Georgian financial industry, and for this reason, their regulation is an essential issue, which should continue at least in the same manner. In the developed countries the non-bank sector plays an important role in the development of financial sector as well as
the whole economy, which we cannot say about Georgia, due to the obvious dominance of commercial banks in the country. The aim of our study is to identify the role of microfinance organizations in the financial system of Georgia, and also to
show the current state of this market segment. The article is based on the newest references and rich factual materials. The object of the research is microfinance organizations and the degree of their regulation by the state. The National Bank of Georgia has a full authority to supervise the work of commercial banks, non-bank deposit institutions, microfinance organizations and other organizations, envisaged by the law. The majority of the institutions with microfinance organization status, registered at the National Bank of Georgia, are consumer finance companies with their content. Their work is absolutely legitimate, however, the issuance of the loans are based not on the customer’s finance analysis, but the evaluation of a subject or property, presented for the loan insurance, and the funds are not directed to finance the business, but for the customer’s needs. The financial companies have hold important position in the Georgian financial industry, and for this reason, their regulation is an essential issue, which should continue at least in the same manner. It is problematic that currently many financial companies, pawnshops, internet-lenders or private individuals that are left beyond regulations. There is no guarantee the customers› rights will be protected when the work of the financial intermediaries is not regulated. Such circumstances create a threat to the spread of predatory lending practices in the market, the victim of which becomes the unaware customer. The results show that it is important to take more active steps on the part of supervisory organizations to develop the segment of microfinance organizations, so as not to reduce their role and importance in the financial system.
ECONOMIC POLICY FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA IN THE POST-CORONAVIRUS PERIOD
Authors: ERKOMAISHVILI GULNAZ
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has caused unprecedented shifts in the world economy. Especially the serious economic damage was caused to such countries, where tourism took great place in the economy. Georgia is one of such countries. 2019 in, 9,4 million tourists visited Georgia ($3 ,3 billion revenue), 150 thousand people were employed in Tourism, and the share of tourism in GDP was 11,5% totally. The paper presents the economic policy of tourism development in Georgia in the post-crisis period. To assist the tourism sector, the Georgian government has worked out an anti-crisis plan. The assistance program includes both anti–crisis measures and incentive tools. An indication of the allowances, that will be provided in the field of tourism employed in the
business. In particular, in 2020, the tourism sector will be fully exempt from property taxes. It is noted that in the post-crisis period, special attention should be paid to the promotion of domestic tourism, regional tourism, organized tourism from a number of countries, as well as medical tourism. During the pandemic, travel companies
should be able to organize online tourism or virtual tours that will promote Georgia›s tourist destinations. The paper points out, that in spite of the fact that the Georgian government has always pursued a liberal policy for the development of the tourism sector, the tourism industry is still in its infancy. The development of this field in the country is hindered by many factors: in particular, the existence of conflict zones; High bank interest rates on loans, shortcomings in tax legislation; Despite the state›s efforts, the country still lacks adequate infrastructure; The Quality of the service is low; there are unreasonably high prices which hinders the development of leisure tourism; there is no regulated statistical accounting, etc. In 2020, we will probably not have a large number of foreign tourists in Georgia. During this period, quality infrastructure
should be created, infrastructure and services in hotels and various tourist facilities should be improved, technologies and new management systems should be introduced, and tourism products should be created in new directions, including the
development of national parks, reserves and protected areas. In the post-crisis period, it is important to restore and develop agricultural processing enterprises, as this area is directly related to the development of tourism. A country dependent on imported products is unlikely to achieve proper tourism development. The state policy of tourism development is aimed at maintaining the liberalization sector and supporting it
with investments.
GLOBAL INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS OF IMERETI - REGION
Authors: DZOTSENIDZE TSITSINO
Published: July 2021

Technological progress and innovation go hand in hand with the history of human civilization. It has a profound effect on the development of modern life. EU institutions, along with national institutions of member and associate countries,
as well as a growing number of international and global political institutions, are major sources of 21st century formation. EU policy affects not only the lives of more than 500 million Europeans, but also global trends in areas such as climate change, resource utilization and sustainability, trade, healthcare, regional conflict resolution and poverty reduction. The aim of the paper is to show the trends of technological innovations that will play a big role in our lives in both the short and long term.
THE AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OF ADJARA (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF GODERDZI SKI RESORT)
Authors: BERIDZE PAATA
Published: July 2021

In the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, the establishment of ski resort on Goderdzi Pass is important for the development of recreation resources and as well as for the central government, which dedicates a significant amount of financial resources from both local and the central budget. Consequently, it is important to consider the ongoing processes of resort privatization. This interest is further intensified by the direct sale of a large amount of real estate. This article analyses the assessment aspects of real estate transfer in the form of direct sales and discusses the factors hindering the
development of the resort, as well as the expected consequences of massive real estate privatization. So far, the mechanisms of privatization of property owned by the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the legislation in force within this area,
including strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Based on the law, the goal of privatization in the form of direct sale is to transfer the property right to the customer, who fully and conscientiously fulfils the condition(s) set for property privatization
in the form of direct sale. The following can be assessed by the projects and activities carried out by the bidder in the past. The examples of direct selling discussed in the article clearly show that there are frequent cases when the transfer of property in
the form of direct sale takes place to entrepreneurial entities registered a few days earlier, which excludes from consideration their experience in this particular field. Apart from that, in the legislative part of maintaining the profile as well as in the
part of the employment of the locals, different deadlines and terms of condition are set for various companies which differ greatly without any regularity. Due to the abovementioned reasons, the investors who initially agree with the contract initiate
amendments which causes changes to be made to the initial agreement. Often, these changes contradict the general plan for the development of the Goderdzi Ski Resort and have an overall negative impact on the stance of the Autonomous Republic
of Adjara due to frequent extension of the deadline for the investment execution. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to create a document (computing formula) that will allow the property management body to determine the minimum amount of employees and the amount of investment during the development of the investment package, as well as the minimum period of profile maintenance.
SUSTAINABLE RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT RECOVERY FROM COVID-19 (IN ADJARA REGION)
Authors: BERIDZE ROSTOM , KORDZAIA IRAKLI , DIASAMIDZE MERAB , BERIDZE NATIA
Published: July 2021

Tourism is of particular importance to the world and many countries have chosen it as one of the main priorities of the country›s development. Based on the accepted practice and the critical ecological background, each country recognizes
the sustainable socio-economic development of tourism, developing concepts, systematic and complex approaches, drafting of state action programs, long-term perspectives and other aspects whose existence and implementation depends on state
government. Therefore, this field can bring significant positive socio-economic results compared to other fields of economy. Rural tourism is a pleasant and useful combination of two positive events. The first is the entrepreneurial activity that can
bring other benefits to the entrepreneur and the second village where the main holidays are housed in which the tourist can get interesting services such as sanitation, cognitive, aesthetic or other. According to the UNWTO, rural tourism will be more popular after the pandemic, as tourists avoid crowded places and
prefer to relax in ecologically clean environment. This new trend will be a positive event and previously unpopular places among tourists will become a source of income. This in itself will help stimulate the development of rural tourism after the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of the research is to study the opportunities of the rural tourism development after COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia and in mountainous regions of Adjara. Main questions discussed in this paper are: to analyze the employment
opportunities for the population of rural areas; to foresee the possible secondary income, how to reduce the migration of rural population, especially the youth; possibility to supply the locally produced goods and service and to increase their
awareness; possibilities to develop tourism-related industries. The joint efforts of government, municipal authorities, and business providers, with involvement of rural area inhabitants, are essential for the development of rural populated territories
THE REASON FOR LOW ACCESS OF HIGH-QUALITY EDUCATION AND MEDICAL SERVICES
Authors: JVARIDZE GIORGI
Published: July 2021

In the article - “The reason for low access of high-quality education and medical services” - the reasons for the rise of the education crisis in the world in the 70s, low results in the education system in Georgia, reduction of the number
of pupils compared to previous years, etc. are discussed. In 1999-2000, 714 400 pupils were studying in secondary schools of Georgia and in 2017-2018 only 575 100. Education does not have access not only for the Georgian population, but moreover,
for the Subsahari, the Asian and Latin American population. There are four classes (and lower ones) educated people there and the share of educated population is very high.
The same situation is in healthcare. Inequality in Medical Healthcare has wide scales in poor countries. Children’s and women›s mortality there are higher than in rich countries. Georgia is a poor country and the situation is the same in real, but the statistics office of Georgia does not publish this information in public as regarding the poor and rich people. But the fact that in 2000 the mortality rate for every 1,000 people in Georgia was 9, 8 units in 2000, and in 2017 - 12, 8 units, means that access to quality medical services has not been reduced but increased. The article ends with a summary conclusion in which the author encourages the authorities to take care of the reduction
of inequalities in the population.
Integration of future maintenance actions in the prediction parameters of the ATLAS COPCO ZR 200 compressor
Authors: TJAHE AGNES VIRGINIE , MTOPI FOTSO Blaise , FOGUE Médard , Zerhouni Noureddine
Published: July 2021

The prediction of several failure modes of an industrial equipment requires the development of prediction systems with several interdependent parameters. The integration of future maintenance actions with this type of prediction system is a major asset for maintenance decision making. This is even more relevant in the event that after having predicted the future occurrence of several failure modes, the maintenance department does not have the necessary resources to correct all the predicted failure modes at once. In this case it becomes necessary to know how much longer the equipment will work if future partial maintenance actions that do not correct all failure modes are implemented. It is to contribute to the resolution of this problem that we propose an architecture integrating the future maintenance actions to the prediction of several interdependent parameters. This architecture is based on the association of Proportional Integral Derivative regulators to Neuro-Fuzzy systems taking into account the four previous instants to predict the next instant. An application is made with accuracies of the order of 70% for the prediction of the phenomena of fouling of the coolers and of the order of 90% for the prediction of the phenomena of clogging of the filters of the ATLAS COPCO compressor, this with Central Processing Unit values not exceeding one minute.
A STUDY ON INCIDENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PORT SITE INFECTIONS POST LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Arsath A. Mohamed , Sen Swapnil , Laha Ishita
Published: July 2021

Today, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for symptomatic gall stones. A port site infection (PSI) is dened as an infection of the
skin and subcutaneous tissue at the site of ports created during laparoscopic cholecystectomy which discharges purulent material spontaneously or
is opened to drain the same by the surgeon. Increased number of performed cholecystectomies, increased number of port site infections, although
rare, it has signicant inuence in overall outcomes of lap cholecystectomy and its nal results like delay in return to work, increase in cost and bad
cosmetic results.
AIM:To nd out the incidence of Port site infections after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by clinical assessment and conrmed by swab test after
culture and sensitivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital based prospective observational study was done on patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries during
a period of one year in a tertiary care centre of Eastern India. Patients were examined for infections and if suspected swabs were sent for culture and
sensitivity and treated accordingly. For statistical analysis data were analyzed by SPSS software.
RESULTS: In our study, 69 patients were females and 31 were males who underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the mean age of patients
was 40 years. The PSI was seen most commonly at epigastric port i.e. 4 among 6 patients, hence the port used for gall bladder retrieval and PSI was
statistically signicant. We found that the most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus and all are the cases were supercial site infections.
CONCLUSION:We can prevent port site infections by using endo bag for all cases which prevents the spillage of bile during surgery, by reducing
the intra-operative time and by preventing iatrogenic perforation of the gall bladder during the surgery.
A Multiobjective Evolutionary Approach for Solving Large-Scale Network Reconstruction Problems via Logistic Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Ying Chaolong , Liu Jing , Wu Kai , Wang Chao
Published: July 2021

Currently, the problem of uncovering complex network structure and dynamics from time series is prominent in many fields. Despite the recent progress in this area, reconstructing large-scale networks from limited data remains a tough problem. Existing works treat connections of nodes as continuous values, leaving a challenge of setting a proper cut-off value to distinguish whether the connections exist or not. Besides, their performances on large-scale networks are far from satisfactory. Considering the reconstruction error and sparsity as two objectives, this paper proposes a subspace learning based evolutionary multiobjective network reconstruction algorithm, termed as SLEMO-NR, to solve the aforementioned problems. In the evolutionary process, we assume that binary-coded individuals obey the Bernoulli distribution and can use the probability and natural parameter as the alternative representations. Moreover, our approach utilizes the logistic principal component analysis (LPCA) to learn a subspace containing the features of network structure. The offspring solutions are generated in the learned subspace and then can be mapped back to the original space via LPCA. Benefitting from the alternative representations, a preference-based local search operator is proposed to concentrate on finding solutions approximate to the true sparsity. The experimental results on synthetic networks and six real-world networks demonstrate that, due to the well-learned network structure subspace and the preference-based strategy, our approach is effective in reconstructing large-scale networks compared to six existing methods.
Dynamic Control of Contractile Force in Engineered Heart Tissue
Authors: Bifano Thomas , Chen Chris , Li Huate , Sundaram Subramanian , lou lihua , agarwal arvind , Hu Ruifeng
Published: July 2021

Three-dimensional engineered heart tissues (EHTs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become an important resource for both drug toxicity screening and research on heart disease. A key metric of EHT phenotype is the contractile force with which the tissue spontaneously beats. It is well-known that cardiac muscle contractility – its ability to do mechanical work – depends on tissue prestrain (preload) and external resistance (afterload). Objectives: Here, we demonstrate a technique to control both preload and afterload dynamically while monitoring contractile force exerted by EHTs. Methods: We developed an apparatus that uses real-time feedback control to monitor and regulate EHT forces. The system is comprised of a pair of high-speed piezoelectric actuators that can strain the EHT scaffold and a fast optical measurement tool to provide EHT contractile force feedback while monitoring tissue strain. Results: The system was used to regulate the effective stiffness of the scaffold. When controlled to have effectively isometric boundary conditions, EHTs exerted a contractile force that was almost twice as large as that observed under auxotonic conditions. Conclusion: These experimental results demonstrate that EHT contractility can be increased through feedback control to regulate boundary stiffness. Significance: The work advances our understanding of the role that mechanical environment plays in EHT contractility. This could be used to help study or alter EHT phenotype and potentially EHT maturation through controlled mechanical conditioning.
Wideband RFI Cancellation for High-sensitivity Phased Array Receivers with True Time Delays and Truncated Hadamard Projection
Authors: Kunzler Jakob
Published: July 2021

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is a significant challenge for high-sensitivity phased array instruments. RFI can be suppressed using digital signal processing, but to improve dynamic range for wideband RFI, it can be desirable to remove interference in the analog domain before sampling. In previous work, it has been shown that analog true time delay (TTD) stages with a truncated Hadamard transform can place a wide-band spatial null on RFI from a given direction of arrival. We show that TTD and Hadamard projection is mathematically equivalent to the classical, narrow-band subspace projection beamformer, but with a structure that allows efficient implementation in analog circuitry. Simulation results show that TTD and Hadamard projection can place deep nulls on wideband RFI signals and still achieve SNR performance comparable to the optimal digital maximum signal to interference and noise ratio beamformer.
Multiple Classifiers-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition for High-Dimensional Multi-Objective Problems
Authors: Sonoda Takumi , Nakata Masaya
Published: July 2021

Surrogate-assisted multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have advanced the field of computationally expensive optimization, but their progress is often restricted to low-dimensional problems. This manuscript presents a multiple classifiers-assisted evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, which is adapted for high-dimensional expensive problems in terms of the following two insights. Compared to approximation-based surrogates, the accuracy of classification-based surrogates is robust for few high-dimensional training samples. Further, multiple local classifiers can hedge the risk of over-fitting issues. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm builds multiple classifiers with support vector machines on a decomposition-based multi-objective algorithm, wherein each local classifier is trained for a corresponding scalarization function. Experimental results statistically confirm that the proposed algorithm is competitive to the state-of-the-art algorithms and computationally efficient as well.
Voltage Balancing of Multiphase FCML Converters with Coupled Inductors
Authors: Zhou Daniel H. , Chen Minjie
Published: July 2021

Flying capacitor voltage balancing is critical for the performance of flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) converters. This paper investigates the intrinsic capacitor voltage balancing of multiphase FCML converters with coupled inductors. It is shown that the coupled inductor provides flying capacitor voltage balancing that minimizes steady-state imbalances due to periodic disturbances compared to converters with uncoupled inductors. A dynamic model of natural balancing of the converter is derived and used to estimate the time required for the flying capacitors to settle from an initial imbalance. The theoretical predictions are verified with analytical derivations, SPICE simulations, and experimental results.