bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intellectual humility is associated with greater misinformation discernment and metacognitive insight but not response bias
Authors: Prike Toby , Holloway James , Ecker Ullrich K. H.
Published: September 2024

There is growing evidence that intellectual humility is associated with reduced misinformation susceptibility. However, a key aspect of intellectual humility is awareness of one’s own limitations, which may increase cautious responding (e.g., tendency to label headlines false or withhold responses, regardless of headline veracity or response accuracy). Therefore, the present study used signal detection theory to disentangle discernment and response bias, and examine the relationships between intellectual humility, misinformation discernment, and metacognitive discernment (i.e., ability to discern between one’s own correct and incorrect responses). Participants (N = 246) assessed the truthfulness of 60 news headlines (30 true, 30 false; misinformation discernment) and decided whether to report or withhold each truthfulness judgment (metacognitive discernment). Participants also completed three intellectual-humility scales. Intellectual humility was related to greater misinformation discernment and metacognitive discernment, but not to response bias. These findings suggest intellectual humility is associated with reduced misinformation susceptibility due to improved discernment of true and false claims and not response bias. Moreover, the finding that self-reported intellectual humility positively related to metacognitive discernment supports the validity of the intellectual-humility scales. Cumulatively, results highlight the benefits of intellectual humility and suggest future research should examine whether interventions that increase intellectual humility are an effective approach for countering misinformation.
Recreando a Cidadania: um relato de Extensão que une Direito, Cinema e Educação
Authors: Campos Júlia Aparecida de Oliveira , Teixeira Paulo Enderson Oliveira , Barroso Milena Gabrielle
Published: September 2024

O projeto "Direito, Cinema e Cidadania nas Escolas" adota uma abordagem lúdica para estimular reflexões éticas e jurídicas entre estudantes de direito, professores e alunos do ensino médio. Através da fusão entre cinema, debates e mesas redondas, o projeto tem como intuito promover o pensamento crítico, empatia e compreensão social. Utilizando etapas planejadas, exibições de filmes e interações com professores, o projeto envolve escolas de ensino médio em debates sobre temáticas contemporâneas, como ética, justiça e igualdade. Isso permite explorar de maneira única esses temas, enriquecendo a experiência educacional. Os impactos da ação se refletem na formação de cidadãos conscientes e engajados, com reflexões críticas sobre diversidade, gênero e relações étnico-raciais. Os professores aprimoram suas abordagens pedagógicas, beneficiando o ambiente educacional com mais reflexão e inclusão. Além disso, o projeto fortalece a formação dos estudantes de direito ao aplicar teoria em situações reais, realçando a importância da abordagem crítica e socialmente responsável. Isso os prepara para atuações mais conscientes e inclusivas. Em suma, o projeto reforça a importância da educação reflexiva e engajada, alinhada com objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável da ONU, promovendo conscientização e mudança positiva. A interseção entre arte, educação e direito demonstra um potencial educativo significativo, enriquecendo tanto os estudantes quanto a comunidade beneficiada.
Maio Amarelo: intervenções educativas para prevenção de acidentes no trânsito de Campinas
Authors: Dezotti Nami Ikehara , Freire Bruna Franchito , Brito Julia Beatriz Aliscantes Silva , Soares Juliana de Toledo Piza , França Paloma Maria Ribeiro Lescura , Lacerda Guilherme Gomes de Almeida , Simões Neto Joaquim
Published: September 2024

Os acidentes de trânsito são considerados um problema de saúde pública. No Brasil, são registradas cerca de 45 mil vítimas fatais por ano. Estudos mostram que a conduta humana inadequada, como excesso de velocidade, é a principal responsável pela maioria dos traumas que, sob essa perspectiva, podem ser vistos como evitáveis. Em 2014, foi instituído o Maio Amarelo, movimento que propõe ações educativas para a segurança viária. Assim, o projeto de extensão "Prevenção ao Trauma”, formado por docente e alunos da Medicina e Enfermagem, aliou-se à EMDEC - Empresa Municipal de Desenvolvimento de Campinas, para a promoção do Maio Amarelo em Campinas.
Determination of Radon-222 (222Rn) in Well and Borehole Water at Nasarawa LG, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Abdulkadir Abubakar , Garba Nuraddeen Nasir , Nasiru Rabi’u , Tijani Abdulkadir Shehu , Bello Suleiman , Ado Abbati Muhammad , Aliyu Abubakar Sadiq
Published: September 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study provides radiological assessment of Radon-222 concentrations in groundwater sources within Nassarawa LG, Kano, highlighting significant public health concerns.
The findings reveal that the mean radon activity concentration in both well and borehole water samples exceeds the maximum permissible limits set by USEPA and WHO, with 70% of the samples surpassing these thresholds.
This research underscores the urgent need for continuous monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures to ensure safe drinking water and protect public health in densely populated areas reliant on groundwater sources.

Full Abstract
Nassarawa LG is one of Kano's most densely populated local government areas and depends solely on groundwater (well and borehole) for drinking and other domestic purposes.  Radon, one of the most important radioactive elements, is abundant due to the presence of uranium and radium.  It can dissolve in underground water, leading to internal exposure if ingested.  Therefore, there is a need for a radiological assessment of Radon-222 in the water and an evaluation of the health hazards associated with the level (high or low) of radon and background radioactivity.  A total of one hundred (100) water samples were collected from the study area.  The samples were analysed using a liquid scintillation counter from the Center for Energy Research (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.  The mean radon activity concentration in the water was found to be 12.78±0.04 Bq/L, which is higher than the maximum permissible limits of 11.1 Bq/L and 10 Bq/L set by the USEPA and WHO, respectively (WHO, 2004; USEPA, 2003).  The mean radon activity concentration in well and borehole water was 11.946±0.04Bq/L and 13.612±0.04Bq/L, respectively, with a range from 3.634±0.04Bq/L to 44.952±0.04Bq/L.  The highest recorded radon activity concentration was 44.952±0.04Bq/L in borehole water from Giginyu, and the lowest was recorded in well water from Kawo. 70% of the total samples had a high radon concentration, exceeding the maximum contaminant levels of 11.1 Bq/L set by USEPA and 10 Bq/L set by WHO, as also reported by UNSCEAR.  The concentration level was found to be higher in borehole water compared to well water.  In conclusion, many of the samples from the study area exceeded the maximum contaminant levels of 11.1 Bq/L (USEPA) and 10 Bq/L (WHO), indicating a significant public health concern that warrants further investigation and mitigation measures.  It recommended that continuous monitoring and assessment of Radon-222 levels in drinking water should be implemented to protect public health.
Impact of Suction/Injection on the Non-Steady Shear-Mode Heat Mass Transfer Flow in Porous Channels
Authors: Abdullahi Sammani , Hanafi Junaidu
Published: September 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study introduces a comprehensive analysis of heat and mass transfer in porous channels using an implicit finite difference method, providing a detailed examination of the influence of various key parameters.
The research offers insights into the interdependencies between suction, chemical reaction, temperature, and their effects on concentration profiles, as well as the role of injection, thermal Grashof number, variable thermal conductivity, and Prandtl number in enhancing velocity and temperature profiles.
By employing MATLAB for the numerical analysis, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of flow transport phenomena under complex thermophysical conditions.

Full Abstract
This study employs an implicit finite difference method to solve the transformed non-dimensional governing equations, highlighting the effects of key parameters on heat and mass transfer in porous channels.  In order to demonstrate the behavior of the flow transport phenomena, the numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are graphically illustrated.  Meanwhile, the skin friction, nusselt number, and sherwood number are presented graphically and discussed for a few chosen controlling thermo-physical parameters involved in the problems.  It has been noted that while the concentration profile reduces with a rising value in the sequence of suction, chemical reaction, and temperature, the velocity and temperature increase due to increases in injection, thermal grashof number, variable thermal conductivity, and prandtl number.  A mat lab software was used for the analysis and obtained all the results of the parameters.
Eleven years of WCAMA (2013 – 2023): A Comprehensive Descriptive and Meta-Scientific Analysis
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Paulo , Lima Filho Silas , Brandão Michele A. , Oliveira Jonice , Santoro Flávia Maria , Silva Mônica Ferreira da
Published: September 2024

CSBC is the biggest scientific event dedicated to computing in Latin America, integrating Brazilian computing and driving the area in the country. In one of its satellite events, WCAMA combines computing with the management of the environment and natural resources, an essential theme for Brazil. The analysis of the last eleven years of WCAMA (2013 – 2023) exposes a relevance in the theme of beekeeping, it also notes a limited number of broad collaborations, with the most prolific authors in a low number of collaborations. Several collaborations transcend national universities, involving environmental institutes or international institutions.
Hearing the Voice of Software Practitioners on Technical Debt Monitoring: Understanding Monitoring Practices and the Practices' Avoidance Reasons
Authors: Freire Sávio , Rios Nicolli , Pérez Boris , Castellanos Camilo , Correal Darío , Ramač Robert , Mandić Vladimir , Taušan Nebojša , López Gustavo , Pacheco Alexia , Mendonça Manoel , Falessi Davide , Izurieta Clemente , Seaman Carolyn , Spínola Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Context. Technical debt (TD) monitoring allows software professionals to track the evolution of debt incurred in their projects. The technical literature has listed several practices used in the software industry to monitor indebtedness. However, there is limited evidence on the use and on the reasons to avoid using these practices. Aims. This work aims to investigate, from the point of view of software practitioners, the practices used for monitoring TD items, and the practice avoidance reasons (PARs) curbing the monitoring of TD items. Method. We analyze quantitatively and qualitatively a set of 653 answers collected with a family of industrial surveys distributed in six countries. Results. Practitioners are prone to monitor TD items, revealing 46 practices for monitoring the debt and 35 PARs for explaining TD non-monitoring. Both practices and PARs are strongly associated with planning and management issues. The study also shows the relationship found among practices, PARs and types of debt and presents a conceptual map that relates practices and PARs with their categories. Conclusion. The results of this study add to a practitioners’ capability to monitor TD items by revealing the monitoring practices, PARs and their relationship with different TD types.
Immer mehr junge Menschen fühlen sich einsam
Authors: Phan Iris , von Gottberg Joachim
Published: September 2024

Am 30. Mai 2024 hat die Bundesfamilienministerin Lisa Paus das aktuelle Einsamkeitsbarometer vorgestellt. Obwohl der Corona-Lockdown längst beendet ist, fühlen sich immer noch mehr Menschen einsam als vor dem Lockdown. Alarmierend ist: das Gefühl von Einsamkeit ist bei jungen Menschen inzwischen sogar stärker als in anderen Altersgruppen. Ärmere Menschen, Flüchtlinge, Alleinerziehende oder die Älteren leiden schon immer besonders häufig unter Einsamkeit. Auf der anderen Seite waren digitale Angebote und Kontaktmöglichkeiten noch nie so vielfältig wie heute. Inzwischen gibt es sogar Sexroboter, die sich über KI auf den Nutzer einstellen und dadurch für manche attraktiver sind als reale Menschen. Aber: hilft uns das digitale Angebot wirklich oder schadet es vielleicht auch? jms-report sprach darüber mit Iris Phan, Juristin und Philosophin an der Leibniz-Universität in Hannover.
Verdachtsjournalismus
Authors: von Gottberg Joachim
Published: September 2024

Wenn jemand gegen rechtliche oder ethische Normen verstößt, ist dies aus verschiedenen Gründen für die Öffentlichkeit von großem Interesse. Wie in dem vorhergehenden Artikel beschrieben, ist der öffentliche Diskurs über die Bewertung von Normbrüchen wichtig, um die Relevanz und Aktualität der Norm zu schärfen. Die Medien sind der Rechercheur oder Transporteur der Vorwürfe. Für die Skandalisierten kann das massive psychische, berufliche und finanzielle Nachteile bedeuten. Was aber, wenn sich der Vorwurf als falsch herausstellt? Der folgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, was Journalisten und die Medien rechtlich beachten müssen.
Perspective Chapter: Enhancing Regression Analysis with Splines and Machine Learning – Evaluation of How to Capture Complex Non-Linear Multidimensional Variables
Authors: A. Huang Alexander , Y. Huang Samuel
Published: September 2024

This chapter focuses upon the use of both splines and machine-learning in prediction and the methodology for constructing splines in a predictive context. In the realm of predictive modeling, machine learning and splines represent two pivotal approaches that address the complexity of capturing nonlinear relationships within data. Machine learning excels in identifying intricate patterns and relationships through algorithms that learn from data, making it a powerful tool for prediction across vast datasets. However, its often opaque nature can pose challenges for interpretability. In contrast, splines offer a bridge between the simplicity of linear regression and the complexity of machine learning. By introducing cutpoints in the data, splines allow for flexible modeling of nonlinear trends, providing a clearer interpretation of how independent variables influence the dependent variable across different segments. This makes splines particularly valuable in multivariable regression contexts, where understanding the nuanced effects of covariates is crucial. While machine learning may deliver superior predictive power in some cases, splines provide a compelling balance of predictability and interpretability, especially in scenarios where understanding the underlying model is as important as the accuracy of predictions.
Perspective Chapter: Rethinking Tourism for the Benefit of All in a Postnormal between Space
Authors: McAllum Michael
Published: September 2024

There is considerable evidence that many of the systemic features and issues of the present global condition—including how we consider both globalization and sustainability—are problematic in a postnormal world that is complex, chaotic and contradictory. The numerous uncertainties generated by the postnormal suggests that humanity and our social institutions are now decoupled from a dominant, Westernized narrative that finds it difficult to navigate an indeterminate between space. Nowhere is this failure of shared narrative and institutional disfunction more evident than in the global tourism complex. It seduces us into accepting the unsustainable premises of low cost and high volume that underpin its offerings, whilst ensuring that the vast majority of benefit for the same goes to technological platforms and those that package and transport. The consequence is a world of ‘overtourism’, which continues to destroy habitats, marginalize communities and minimize benefit to local workforces, all the while shifting infrastructure costs to local governments. This chapter will explore how tourism-dependent societies can create sustainable benefit for both habitat and the environment, whilst at the same time deliver better visitor experiences. It will assert the case for both systemic enquiry and navigation-centric practice in a future of pluriversal world making.
Awareness for Insect Conservation, with a Short Presentation of Relevant Ideal Organizations
Authors: Kaur Navkiran , Singh Kaleka Amritpal
Published: September 2024

Insects are essential to our planet. They are the small organisms that “run the world,” at least in many ecosystems. Their ecosystem services are many: They pollinate plants and transfer seeds, and they are necessary for human food and agricultural growth and, as a result, have an effect on the economy. Every insect has a function to play in the global ecology, and the extinction of even a small number of species might have a large impact on biodiversity. Human removal of forests, expansion of agriculture, industrialization, and commercialization reduce insect diversity. Land use change, pesticides, and pollution seem to be the biggest threats to insects. However, climate change may eventually become a still larger threat. Here, we list various measures to raise the general awareness for insects and their needs for conservation. The quantity and quality of habitats are typically the main considerations in insect population support strategies. The creation, preservation, and reunification of fragmented ecosystems are additional strategies to raise sustainability. We list a number of organizations that work for protection of threatened insects and for insect diversity in general. These organizations are important also in raising the general awareness for, and respect for, the insect world.
Perspective Chapter: Constant Need for Pharmacovigilance Improvement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kondža Martin
Published: September 2024

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a county in South-East Europe with a complicated political structure. This political division led to a late formation of a national governing body on medicines and medical devices, as well as pharmacovigilance. Pharmacovigilance is currently under the jurisdiction of the Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices and its National Pharmacovigilance Office in Mostar. Looking at the organized pharmacovigilance systems in neighboring countries, recommendations for improving the pharmacovigilance system can be found. Such changes will result in significant improvements in public health and patient safety. When the pharmacovigilance system is efficient, it enables early identification and assessment of risks associated with the use of drugs. This leads to faster withdrawal or replacement of harmful drugs from the market, reducing the risk of serious side effects and potentially fatal outcomes. In addition, an improved system of pharmacovigilance promotes the confidence of patients and health professionals in the safety of medicines, which is essential for successful treatment. Education and training of healthcare workers on the importance of reporting side effects and the use of advanced technologies for data collection and analysis also play a key role in strengthening the system. The implementation of these measures will contribute to the creation of a safer health environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Pedagogy in a Diverse and Fractured World: Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Williams Andrew L. , Ketner Gretchen , Mukai Uulu Meder
Published: September 2024

Education in a diverse and fractured world is challenging for students and faculty. Cultural differences, trauma from war and violence, studying in a non-native language, and mismatches in expectations can negatively impact learning and formation. An institution may laud relationships and inclusive classrooms, but do faculty teach with these values in mind? Do students experience their classrooms this way? Given concerns like these, our research aims to shed light on the practices, expectations, and perceptions of effective pedagogy in a highly diverse context. We interview and survey faculty and students from a European university that draws students from more than sixty countries around the globe. Respondents answer questions on topics deriving from four pedagogical frameworks: Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, Trauma-Informed Pedagogy, Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, and Universal Design for Learning. Our findings illuminate perceptions and best practices related to teaching, relationships and learning, and educational resources.
Medial Collateral Ligament Rupture Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Process
Authors: Aygun Umit , Halac Orkun
Published: September 2024

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is the most commonly encountered ligament injury following knee trauma. The MCL and posterior oblique ligament (POL) are the primary stabilizers against valgus stress in the knee. Most isolated MCL injuries are treated with a brace and early mobilization. However, in cases where complex injuries accompany the MCL injury, such as femoral avulsion fractures, open injuries, MCL injury with meniscus tear and joint dislocation, and distal MCL ruptures involving the pes anserinus tendon insertion area, surgical treatment is necessary. Additionally, cases involving posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears and combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL and PCL) tears require surgical intervention. In cases where MCL injury occurs alongside anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, conservative treatment is initially recommended, with potential ACL repair in the later stages. Recurrent medial instability after conservative treatment can lead to secondary ACL injury, muscle weakness, and osteoarthritis.
Changing Paradigms in Addressing Climate Shocks among Pastoralists and Women Farmers in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Aderinoye-Abdulwahab Sidiqat , Rabiu Ganiyu Akeem , Egbewole Halimah
Published: September 2024

African farmers and pastoralists practice rain-fed agriculture that predisposes them to natural hazards in the form of climate change impacts and shocks. ‘Shocks,’ by implication, already connote unexpectedness, high damage, vulnerability, and low resilience. Moreover, natural hazards have the potential to become disasters in the absence of mitigation measures. Climate-induced hazards have impacts on the livelihood of families linked with farming, while pastoralist women also suffer great losses given that they depend on the milk from husbands’ herds as their major source of sustenance. This chapter presupposes that the hazard was the Boko-Haram elements, while insurgency is the disaster waiting to occur in northern Nigeria. This has indeed happened, and Nigerians are now left to deal with the shocks. Women were more vulnerable because they were exposed to greater risks, and as such, they felt greater impacts. Hence, after the Boko Haram insurgency, the internally displaced camps (IDP) were filled with more women and children. This chapter will therefore explore how to strengthen the coping capacity of farmers, pastoralists, and women given the impacts of climate change.
Perspective Chapter: How Evidence Changes Practice and Vice Versa – A Framework for Describing Knowledge Transformations in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Lohse-Bossenz Hendrik , Brandtner Miriam , Killian Regina , Ding Kathrin , Erdmann Kim , Rehm Markus
Published: September 2024

In-service training is a key learning opportunity for the professionalization of educational staff in childcare facilities. The extent to which the content of in-service training is applied in everyday practice is a key quality criterion for in-service training. There are therefore many different ideas and concepts about how this application—the transfer—can be supported. This article takes up theoretical and empirical findings from educational and teaching-learning research and presents a model of knowledge transformation from theory to action and from action to theory. Central to this model is the idea that knowledge is transformed by various actors (trainers and educational professionals) and that contextual and individual characteristics influence this transformation process. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Digital Transformation in Entrepreneurship Education: A Case Study of KABADA at the University of Monastir
Authors: Mohamed Fitouri , Karoui Zouaoui Samia , Belhaj Mohamed Akram
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the integration of digital tools in entrepreneurial education, specifically focusing on the digital tool KABADA (Knowledge Alliance of Business Idea Assessment: Digital Approach) and its impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of Generation Z students at the University of Monastir, Tunisia. The study situates itself within the broader context of the Sustainable Development Goals and the European Union’s Digital Education Action Plan, emphasizing the role of digital transformation in enhancing educational practices. By employing a quasi-experimental design, the research compares the outcomes of entrepreneurial workshops utilizing KABADA against traditional methods, highlighting the tool’s efficacy in fostering entrepreneurial knowledge and intentions. Key findings underscore the importance of incorporating digital technologies in higher education to align with global market demands and prepare future entrepreneurs. The chapter concludes with recommendations for educators and policymakers on leveraging digital tools to support sustainable and innovative entrepreneurial education.
Nanostructured diamond sensors detect emerging contaminants
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxi , Yang Feng , Li Hongdong
Published: September 2024

Emerging contaminants have induced severe risks to the aquatic environment, and the continuous accumulation of various residues has forced aquatic ecosystems to deteriorate. The accumulation of emerging contaminants through food chains eventually causes serious harm to human production activities and life safety. Therefore, effective trace detection of emerging contaminants is needed to ensure water quality and safety. Electrochemical sensors are outstanding for portability, simple operation, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast detection speed. They could be used for trace detection of emerging contaminants in liquid environments. This study presented the performance of various nanostructured boron-doped diamond electrodes for the trace detection of emerging contaminants. The diamond electrodes were modified in different ways, including nanostructure, tip curvature, surface terminal, and modification regulation. The effects of various modifications on the electrochemical properties of diamond electrodes were discussed. Moreover, key modification strategies were studied to improve the sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and real water performance of diamond electrodes in trace detection of emerging contaminants. Specific examples included the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (e.g., nonylphenol), antibiotics (e.g., minocycline and doxorubicin), and persistent organic pollutants (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls). Diamond-based water quality sensors could detect, analyze, track, and manage emerging contaminants quickly at trace levels.
Diabetes-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Updates in Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management
Authors: A. Adeghate Ernest , Mohsin Sahar , Bin Amar Ahmed , AlAmry Suhail , AlOtaiba Mariam , Awosika Oyeleye Omobola , Singh Jaipaul
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, leading to persistent hyperglycemia. It is defined as a fasting blood glucose over 7.0 mmol/L, a 2-hour plasma post-meal of 11.1 mmol/L, or HbA1C values over 6.5% (48 mmol/L). DM affects almost 600 million people globally with an annual cost of around three trillion US dollars. These data indicate that DM is a global health burden that warrants attention. Complications of DM include nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. DM-induced hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial and mitochondrial abnormality, and subsequently, cardiomyopathy. Hyperglycemia stimulates many signaling pathways including polyol, and hexokinase, resulting in the formation of vascular endothelial lesions, free radicals and carbonyl anions, transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin, and nuclear factor kappa-B, which increase fibrosis and inflammation in the myocardium. All of these pathological processes lead to defective vascular permeability and hypoxia in cardiac tissue, ischemia, and eventually heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy could be delayed with a healthy lifestyle (balanced diet, physical activity, sleep, low stress, non-smoking). GLP-1 receptor agonists with or without SGLT2i are beneficial additions for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Standardizing Evidence-Based Care for Atrial Fibrillation Using Clinical Pathways - A Practical Approach
Authors: Diaz Ashley , Bujnowski Daniel , E. Tabit Corey
Published: September 2024

While atrial fibrillation remains the most common cardiac arrhythmia and cause of stroke, management of atrial fibrillation varies widely from institution to institution and from provider to provider despite the existence of widely-published, multi-society guidelines. Initial diagnostic workup, first-line anticoagulant choice, rate- vs. rhythm-control approaches, and timing of referral for ablation or left atrial appendage closure devices vary. Standardization of these and other care processes leads to more reproducible outcomes and overall improvement in patients’ symptoms and quality of life. However, distilling this large volume of available evidence and guidelines into practical care algorithms which providers can use to guide care in the real world can be a daunting task. In this chapter, we will discuss the practical approach to building a clinical pathway for the management of atrial fibrillation in the Inpatient and Emergency Department settings including our approach to weighing available evidence, building provider consensus, designing and refining the pathway, initial pathway launch, sustaining the change, measuring success, and updating the pathway as new evidence emerges. This chapter will draw heavily from our 10 years of experience building clinical pathways at the University of Chicago with special focus on generalizable points that can be applied to readers’ home institutions.
The Relationship Between the Perception of Professional Values and Empathy in Nursing Students
Authors: Rezaei Reza , Zeighami Mohammadi Sharareh , Yasini Faezeh
Published: September 2024

Background: Empathy is an essential interpersonal skill in providing care. Therefore, it is important to identify factors related to empathy in nursing students. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the perception of professional values and empathy in nursing students. Methods: A descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving 200 nursing students from the Islamic Azad University's Medical Sciences Faculty in Karaj, Iran. Data were collected between 24 April and 10 June 2023, using convenience sampling. Participants completed a demographic form, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession Students (JES-HPS), and the Nurse Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) through self-report. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software. Results: The mean scores for empathy and the perception of professional values were 69.26 ± 7.74 and 108.74 ± 14.56, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between total empathy scores and nursing students' perceptions of professional values (r = 0.232, P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study found a positive association between nursing students' perceptions of professional values and their empathy levels. Enhancing professional values in the hidden curriculum and incorporating strategies into both theoretical and practical training may help cultivate higher levels of empathy among nursing students. This insight is valuable for educational policymakers and curriculum planners aiming to promote empathetic care in future nursing professionals.
ANALYSIS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT IN AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT
Authors: Zhaivoronok D.
Published: September 2024

In order to select the optimal route for the vehicle, the most well-known and tested technologies for monitoring and control in motor transport used today are considered. The selection of the optimal route for the vehicle from the logging site to the lower warehouse is of particular importance in the case when it is necessary to move not the timber itself, obtained by transverse division, but quickly spoiling by-products of wood processing.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SOFTWARE PRODUCTS FOR COMPUTER MODELING OF LOGGING ROAD TRANSPORT
Authors: Nikonov Vadim , Posmetev Valeriy , Posmetev Viktor , Hrapov I. , Seredin G.
Published: September 2024

The relevance of using the method of computer mathematical modeling in the process of studying new technical solutions for timber road transport is substantiated. The features of existing Russian and foreign software products that can be used for computer modeling of timber road transport are considered. A classification of software products for possible study with their help of dynamic processes occurring during the movement of timber road transport equipped with new technical solutions in difficult road conditions is proposed.
Mediační aktivity ve výuce cizího jazyka: přehledová studie
Authors: Knopp Jakub
Published: September 2024

This review deals with the concept of mediation and its application in foreign language teaching. The aim of the study is to map the different mediation activities used in language education and also to explore the research approaches and methodology used in related studies. By synthesizing the findings, it offers an overview of the current state of the field, reveals the limits, and contributes to a nuanced understanding of the role of mediation in foreign language teaching.
Bordello
Authors: Hueller Patrick ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2024

Can traditional values work in middle school? Must all young boys idealize, and fantasize, their first crush? In this work of philosophical/ethics short fiction, Nelson, a 13-year-old boy, is fascinated by the Old West and imagines the girls' locker room at his school as a bordello. He develops a crush on Aurora, an 8th-grade girl, and fantasizes about her. Aurora asks Nelson to the school dance, but their interaction is awkward and ends with Aurora slapping Nelson. Nelson refuses to tell his mother who hit him, protecting Aurora's identity.
Christmas In Ushuaia
Authors: Travieso-Diaz Matias ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2024

When you get rid of the worst moments of your life, do you also get rid of yourself? Are horrible life experiences simply required? In this work of philosophical/ethics short fiction, Lazaro Cruz, a lonely man grieving the loss of his wife, travels to Ushuaia, Argentina, to rid himself of his sorrows. Inspired by a childhood story from his Yaghan Indian nanny, he plans to cast his diary pages into the wind, hoping the "gods of the eternal night" will take away his pain. On a boat trip, he throws away the pages, but later, while sharing a meal with a local couple, he reconsiders his actions. The couple shares their own experiences of loss and how it led to unexpected happiness. Lazaro realizes the importance of embracing both the good and bad in life and decides to rewrite his diary from memory, appreciating the miracle of being alive.
When a Television Series Misses the Mark: Identity Politics, Whiteness and Televisual Representations in Off the Map
Authors: Devin Alese , Meyer Michaela D.E. ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This essay explores the ill-fated television series Off the Map. Through the use of an ideological critique, we argue that this installment of Shondaland failed due to its possessive investment in whiteness. Through a lack of cultural sensitivity in televisual representation of its main characters, the setting of the series, and televisual melodrama, Off the Map failed to obtain enough of an audience to sustain it for a second season. Our analysis re-veals that studying popular texts that fail can often teach us something those that succeed cannot.
Close Encounters of the Third Gender
Authors: Brady-Garnand Nicholas ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to take a new look at the role of the Greco-Roman god of gender nonconformity Hermaphroditus and their role as the ‘welcomed guest’ in the garden parties, theatrical performances, and ritualistic dances performed by the members of Dionysus’ cult centered in Pompeii during the Hellenistic period and beyond. It will analyze the ways in which people who did not conform to our modern understanding of the gender binary were viewed in these gatherings, if these cult rituals and activities provided a safe space for them, and how we would view the positive inclusion of Hermaphroditus’ presence in the cult’s activities today considering the turbulent history that has plagued depictions of the god in recent times.
DIMORPHIC FUNGI, MOLDS, AND MOLD-LIKE AGENTS OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE
Authors: Shanahan Dr. Kristy
Published: September 2024

This chapter deals with the pathogenic thermally dimorphic fungi (capable of living as a yeast at body temperatures and also as a mold at room temperatures), medically significant molds, and fungus-like (mold-like) bacteria, such as Norcardia spp.(aerobic) and Actinomyces spp.(anaerobic) that cause mycetoma and other pathology globally and their related pathology. These fungi range from frank pathogens to typically benign fungi that can become opportunists. The dimorphs, particularly these endemic mycoses Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, and Talaromyces, are known for their pathogenic abilities and systemic disease. Yet, we must respect the disease-causing ability of some of the other invasive fungi, especially in the compromised host. Aspergillus fumigatus, for example, has enough pathogenic abilities to cause invasive aspergillosis worldwide and is currently #3 on the WHO fungal priorities pathogen list. Some feel it deserves to be moved to the highest rank on the prioritization scale. Beyond having worldwide distribution and concern over growing Aspergillus azole resistance, an invasive aspergillosis diagnosis is the leading mycosis in terms of mortality, followed by a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis that is chronic. (1) Other fungi typically considered benign are seen increasingly as invasive in the compromised host because there are ever-increasing numbers of such patients as life is gradually extended. Most fungal infections arise in the immunocompromised, and many new fungal opportunists exist. However, the majority of fungal invasive infections are in these six categories: aspergillosis, candidiasis (candidosis), cryptococcus, mucormycosis, pneumocystis, and endemic thermal dimorph diseases.
ANTIFUNGAL CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Cottreau Dr. Jessica
Published: September 2024

Invasive fungal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite the availability of antifungal therapy. Globally it is estimated that life-threatening fungal infections occur in over 6.5 million people each year and account for approximately 2.5 million deaths.(1) These infections are more common in immunocompromised patients, thus increasing the reliance on active antifungal therapy to clear infections.
GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Authors: Thieu Thanh Trang , Trang Ngo Thi Thuy , Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai
Published: September 2024

Gram-positive pathogens possess various advantageous characteristics and mechanisms that allow them to adhere to, colonize, and attack host cells. They are capable of inducing a spectrum of illnesses, ranging from mild gastrointestinal distress and pharyngitis to severe pulmonary infections and nervous system-related diseases. Within this spectrum, a significant number progress to highly lethal acute infections, exhibiting case fatality rates as high as 80% in certain instances. This chapter will introduce to you the morphological, biochemical and molecular distinct properties, the culture conditions and frequently used culture media, as well as the diseases, treatments, and prevalence of most important gram-positive pathogens in the present clinical settings, including Bacillus cereus, Clostridium difficile, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes
CRISPR/CAS- DECODING LIFE- A MINI REVIEW
Authors: Dharuman Smriti , Devi M. Ranjana , Sathiyamoorthy Gayathri , C Sugirtha.
Published: September 2024

Since its first use in 1990, gene therapy has been a part of the ever-expanding arms of treatment modalities for various conditions. Though initial setbacks were recorded, making the results sub-optimal, advances in science have rekindled efforts in gene therapy with the use of re-engineered viruses, non-viral vectors, multiple checkpoints for immunogenic reactions and mutagenesis. Recently, the field is witnessing a paradigm shift wherein instead of introducing the therapeutic gene into a locus, a more risk-free solution is to precisely fix the existing genetic abnormalities in situ. This was made possible with the introduction of the CRISPR/ Cas system and previous systems such as ZFNs, and TALENs. This article reviews the use of CRISPR/Cas in dentistry and also sheds light on the other systems such as ZFNs and TALENs
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
Authors: P V Anto , Nayaki Vidyaa , Balaji Vignesh Kanna
Published: September 2024

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has a significant role in the development of newborns' and children's' respiratory tract illnesses. It causes serious lower respiratory tract infections in newborns and young children. RSV causes widespread outbreaks of illness each year during the winter season. in the winter months of November through March RSV outbreaks reach their peak in July, with 55-77% of cases primarily affecting children under the age of four. RSV can spread as cell-to-cell transmission also. The infection of RSV is localized only in the lung. The pathological findings of RSV infection are same as other respiratory infections. RSV is a primary viral infection, and treating it with antibiotics has no effect, But it can help the patients to escape from secondary bacterial infection. Currently, no medication is capable of completely curing RSV. As a result, taking preventative measures is preferable than treating individuals who have a high risk of complications.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS IS AN ALARMING PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE – A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Majumdar Dr. Vaskar , Aggarwal Dr. Mohit
Published: September 2024

Antibiotics resistance is defined as micro- organisms which are not inhibited/ killed by usual systemic concentration of an anti-microbial agent. WHO has named antibiotic resistance as one of the three important 21st century public health threats. The development of antimicrobial resistance is of major concern in ICU practice and is a significant challenge to all health systems worldwide. Various invasive procedures and devices including peripheral and central IV lines, endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation, arterial lines, Foleys catheter, etc increases risk of acquiring additional infections in already immune compromised critically ill ICU patients. .In this review article the cause, pattern of antibiotic resistance, impact on health system and the measures to control the antibiotic resistance will be discussed.
Știința – Filosofia științei
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: September 2024

Cartea explorează principalele teme și teorii ale științei și filozofiei contemporane a științei, evidențiind întrebările fascinante și provocatoare actuale din știință în generală și filosofia științei, cu accent pe metodele științifice. O mare parte din înțelegerea noastră provine din cercetarea fundamentală bazată pe curiozitate. Acest lucru duce la opțiuni pentru progres tehnologic care nu au fost planificate sau, uneori, nici măcar imaginate. Investigaţia ştiinţifică este cea care corespunde metodei ştiinţifice, un proces al cărui scop este evaluarea cunoştinţelor empirice. În sens mai larg, cuvântul ştiinţă deseori descrie orice domeniu de studiu sistematic sau cunoştinţele căpătate în urma acestui studiu. Filosofia științei caută o înțelegere profundă a ceea ce înseamnă această metodologie care stă la baza cercetării, și dacă cunoașterea obținută este sau nu reală. Subiectele abordate includ informații generale despre știință (comunitatea științifică, practica științifică, cunoașterea științifică, fenomene științifice), istoria științei (istoria fizicii în particular, filosofia naturală, revoluția științifică), clasificări științifice (taxonomii, clasificarea în matematică, fizică și biologie), cercetarea științifică (instrumente științifice, argumente, literatura științifică, etica în cercetare), teorii științifice (legi științifice), filosofia științei (școli de gândire, limitările cognitive, filosofia fizicii, filosofia spațiului și timpului, filosofia tehnologiei,  filosofia inteligenței artificiale), metode științifice acceptate în filosofia științei (modelarea științifică, raţionamentul inductiv, predicţii, problema demarcației, falsificabilitatea, pseudoștiința).
Factors of allergic disease progression in children (literature review)
Authors: Tikhonova E. S. , Zybleva S. V. , Martinkov V. N.
Published: September 2024

The development of atopic dermatitis at an early age and subsequent allergic rhinitis and asthma at a later age is known as the atopic march phenomenon. Despite the complexity and diversity of mechanisms of atopy development, it has been shown that atopic dermatitis and allergic respiratory diseases share a common pathogenesis. It was determined that the atopic dermatitis progression to bronchial asthma and rhinitis is associated with a complex interaction of genetic, immunologic, environmental, and psychosocial factors. In particular, the progression of atopy is influenced by the presence of filaggrin gene mutations, the onset and severity of atopic dermatitis, epicutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens, and colonization by bacterial superantigens. Despite significant progress in the studying of the role of skin barrier defects, impaired Th2 activation, hereditary component and environmental factors in the formation of atopy, to date no generally accepted algorithm for determining the risk of progression of atopic diseases has been developed. Information about the most significant factors associated with an increased risk of atopic march development may be useful for specialists providing medical care to children with allergic diseases.