bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 4‐Unsubstituted 4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Tanaev D. , Lusis V. , Muceniece D.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted 1,2‐Dihydropyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole.
Authors: Deshmukh M. B. , Suryavanshi A. W. , Jagtap S. S. , Deshmukh S. A.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Fused and Spiro Heterocycles by Ultrasonic Methods.
Authors: Dabholkar Vijay V. , Wadkar Mihir M.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicatalytic Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐ylphosphonates via a Tandem Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Zhou Haibo , Jin Hanpeng , Ye Shengqing , He Xiaodan , Wu Jie
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Leptogorgolide, a Biogenetically Interesting 1,4‐Diketo‐cembranoid That Reinforces the Oxidation Profile of C‐18 as Taxonomical Marker for Octocorals.
Authors: Diaz‐Marrero Ana R. , Porras Gina , Cueto Mercedes , D'Croz Luis , Lorenzo Manuel , San‐Martin Aurelio , Darias J.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth(III) Triflate Catalyzed Rearrangement of 16α,17α‐Epoxy‐20‐oxosteroids. Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of New 16α‐Substituted 17α‐Alkyl‐17β‐methyl‐Δ13‐18‐norsteroids.
Authors: Pinto Rui M. A. , Salvador Jorge A. R. , Le Roux Christophe , Carvalho Rui A. , Matos Beja Ana , Paixao Jose A.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Triazolopeptides: Chirospecific Synthesis and Conformational Studies of Proline Derived Analogues.
Authors: Paul Andreas , Einsiedel Juergen , Waibel Reiner , Heinemann Frank W. , Meyer Karsten , Gmeiner Peter
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Synthetic Path to (‐)‐Adalinine via a SmI3‐Promoted Fragmentation of a 3‐Oxopyrrolidine Derivative.
Authors: Honda Toshio , Hisa Chihiro
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Characterization of Novel Esters from Aerial Parts of Tiliacora acuminata.
Authors: Selvaraj S. Joseph , Alphonse I. , Britto S. John
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method to Construct Chroman Skeleton: Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐4′‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxyflavane.
Authors: Xu Boyan , Xue Jijun , Zhang Huabing , Li Ying
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Absolute Stereostructures of Cyanogenic Glycosides, Hydracyanosides A (I), B (II), and C (III), from the Leaves and Stems of Hydrangea macrophylla.
Authors: Nakamura Seikou , Wang Zhibin , Xu Fengming , Matsuda Hisashi , Wu Lijun , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of (‐)‐Amphidinolide X.
Authors: Jung Jae Hoon , Lee Eun
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Torrubiellutins A—C, from Insect Pathogenic Fungus Torrubiella luteorostrata BCC 12904.
Authors: Pittayakhajonwut Pattama , Usuwan Atit , Intaraudom Chakapong , Khoyaiklang Punsa , Supothina Sumalee
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Licochalcone E (VII) and Its Regioisomer, Licochalcone F (VIII)
Authors: Na Younghwa , Cha Jeong‐Heon , Yoon Ho‐Geun , Kwon Youngjoo
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Soraphen A: A Flexible Alkyne Strategy.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Sieber Joshua D. , Qian Wei , Dhawan Rajiv , Ball Zachary T.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of FD‐838, a Naturally Occurring Azaspirobicyclic Product.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Sankar Kuppusamy , Ishikawa Hayato , Nozawa Yuriko , Mizoue Kazutoshi , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐Naphthyridine Revisited: Applications in Dimetal Chemistry
Authors: Bera Jitendra K. , Sadhukhan Nabanita , Majumdar Moumita
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrite as Regulator of Hypoxic Signaling in Mammalian Physiology
Authors: van Faassen Ernst E. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Halichondrins and E7389
Authors: Jackson Katrina L. , Henderson James A. , Phillips Andrew J.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides Catalyzed by Titanium and Vanadium Complexes in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Sulfoxides
Authors: Volcho K. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Laurent Boyd A. , Grayson Scott M.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Copper—Gold Alloys in Catalysis: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bracey Charlotte L. , Ellis Peter R. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Structure and Integrity Checkpoints During the Cell Cycle and Their Role in Drug Targeting and Sensitivity of Tumor Cells to Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Skladanowski Andrzej , Bozko Przemyslaw , Sabisz Michal
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Therapeutic Approach for Autoimmune Diseases by the Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Receptor Modulator, Fingolimod (FTY720)
Authors: Chiba Kenji
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Photon Probes for Intracellular Free Metal Ions, Acidic Vesicles, and Lipid Rafts in Live Tissues
Authors: Kim Hwan Myung , Cho Bong Rae
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Using Two Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging Studies
Authors: Ali M. Meser , Liu Guanshu , Shah Tejas , Flask Chris A. , Pagel Mark D.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cell‐Penetrating Metal Complex Optical Probes: Targeted and Responsive Systems Based on Lanthanide Luminescence
Authors: Montgomery Craig P. , Murray Benjamin S. , New Elizabeth J. , Pal Robert , Parker David
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Responsive MRI Agents for Sensing Metabolism in vivo
Authors: De Leon‐Rodriguez Luis M. , Lubag Angelo Josue M. , Malloy Craig R. , Martinez Gary V. , Gillies Robert J. , Sherry A. Dean
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Entwicklung einer Methode zur Bestimmung von Ölaerosolen in Druckluft
Authors: Krekel G. , Yu X. , Klee W. , Mohrmann A.
Published: October 2009

Bei der Verdichtung von Luft mithilfe von Kompressoren werden häufig unbeabsichtigt Ölaerosole freigesetzt. Die Massenkonzentration solcher Aerosole in der erzeugten Druckluft muss regelmäßig überprüft werden, insbesondere wenn die Druckluft für Beatmungszwecke verwendet wird, da das Ölaerosol gesundheitsschädlich ist. Bisher wurden solche Messungen mithilfe der Röhrchenmethode durchgeführt, die auf der Oxidation des Öls durch Schwefelsäure beruht. Nachteilig an der Röhrchenmethode ist aber, dass die erhaltenen Messergebnisse von der Ölsorte abhängig sind. Um diese Problematik zu vermeiden, wurde eine alternative Messmethode auf Basis eines Impaktors entwickelt, bei der es sich um eine rein mechanische Methode zur Abtrennung des Ölaerosols aus der Druckluft handelt. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Artikels wird die Impaktormethode vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Ergebnisse aus Untersuchungen mit dem Impaktor zu Öltröpfchengrößenverteilungen und zum Ölabscheidegrad dargelegt. Schließlich wird eine Methode zur Kalibrierung der Messung mit dem Impaktor beschrieben und die Anwendung der Impaktormethode in der Praxis diskutiert.
Kontinuierliche Darstellung von Bariumsulfat‐Nanopartikeln im MicroJet‐Reaktor
Authors: Rüfer A. , Räuchle K. , Krahl F. , Reschetilowski W.
Published: October 2009

Die Nanopartikelsynthese mittels Fällungsreaktion ist ein schneller und verfahrenstechnisch vergleichsweise einfach zu realisierender Prozess. Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen und auch aufgrund besserer Kontrollmöglichkeiten der Reaktion, bietet sich ein kontinuierliches Verfahren an. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die kontinuierliche Fällung der Modellsubstanz Bariumsulfat im Labormaßstab unter Zuhilfenahme der inhärenten Vorteile der Mikroreaktionstechnik. Mit einem geeigneten Stabilisator und unter optimierten Bedingungen konnten Nanopartikel mit einer durchschnittlichen Größe von 60 nm auf kontinuierlichem Wege dargestellt werden. Durch Variation der Prozessparameter sind stabile Dispersionen mit einstellbaren Partikelgrößen zwischen 60 und 150 nm reproduzierbar zugänglich. Zusätzlich konnte die prinzipielle Vereinbarkeit von Mikroreaktionstechnik und Fällungsreaktionen nachgewiesen werden.
Phylotypic expression of the bHLH genes Neurogenin2, Neurod, and Mash1 in the mouse embryonic forebrain
Authors: Osório Joana , Mueller Thomas , Rétaux Sylvie , Vernier Philippe , Wullimann Mario F.
Published: October 2009

In the anamniote model animals, zebrafish and Xenopus laevis, highly comparable early forebrain expression patterns of proneural basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) genes relevant for neurogenesis (atonal homologs, i.e., neurogenins/NeuroD and achaete‐scute homologs, i.e., Ascl/ash) were previously revealed during a particular period of development (zebrafish: 3 days; frog: stage 48). Neurogenins/NeuroD on the one hand and Ascl1/ash1 on the other hand exhibit essentially mutually exclusive spatial patterns, probably reflecting different positional information received within the neural tube, and appear to underlie glutamatergic versus GABAergic neuronal differentiation, respectively. Significant data suggest that similar complementary localizations of these proneural genes and corresponding differentiation pathways also exist in the mouse, the prominent mammalian model. The present article reports on detailed mouse brain bHLH gene expression patterns to fill existing gaps in the identification of expression domains, especially outside the telencephalon. Clearly, there are strong similarities in the complementarity of territories expressing Ascl1/Mash 1 versus neurogenins/NeuroD in the entire mouse forebrain, except for the pretectal alar plate and basal plate of prosomeres 1–3. The analysis substantiates localization of neurogenins/NeuroD in the pallium, eminentia thalami, and dorsal thalamus, and expression of Ascl1/Mash 1 in the striatal and septal subpallium, preoptic region, ventral thalamus, and hypothalamus, which is highly similar to the situation described in Xenopus and zebrafish. Thus, all three vertebrate model species display a “phylotypic stage or period” corresponding to a temporally and spatially defined control of neurogenesis during forebrain development, ultimately resulting in the differentiation of distinct populations of glutamatergic versus GABAergic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:851–871, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterned assembly and neurogenesis in the chick dorsal root ganglion
Authors: George Lynn , Kasemeier‐Kulesa Jennifer , Nelson Branden R. , Koyano‐Nakagawa Naoko , Lefcort Frances
Published: October 2009

The birth of small‐diameter TrkA+ neurons that mediate pain and thermoreception begins ≈24 hours after the cessation of neural crest cell migration from progenitors residing in the nascent dorsal root ganglion. Although multiple geographically distinct progenitor pools have been proposed, this study is the first to comprehensively characterize the derivation of small‐diameter neurons. In the developing chick embryo we identify novel patterns in neural crest cell migration and colonization that sculpt the incipient ganglion into a postmitotic neuronal core encapsulated by a layer of proliferative progenitor cells. Furthermore, we show that this outer progenitor layer is composed of three spatially, temporally, and molecularly distinct progenitor zones, two of which give rise to distinct populations of TrkA+ neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:405–422, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ hybridization of neuropeptide‐encoding transcripts afp‐1, afp‐3, and afp‐4 in neurons of the nematode ascaris suum
Authors: Nanda Jennifer Cho , Stretton Antony O.W.
Published: October 2009

The gene transcripts encoding both the AF8 and AF2 neuropeptides of the nematode Ascaris suum have been identified, cloned, and sequenced. The AF8 transcript (afp‐3) encodes five identical copies of AF8; each peptide‐encoding region is flanked by the appropriate dibasic or monobasic cleavage processing sites. The AF2 transcript (afp‐4) encodes three identical copies of AF2 along with the appropriate cleavage sites. In contrast, the afp‐1 transcript (Edison et al. [1997] Peptides 18:929–935) encodes six different AF peptides (AF3, 4, 10, 13, 14, 20) which all share a –PGVLRFamide C‐terminus but have different N‐terminal sequences. By using in situ hybridization, gene transcript expression patterns of afp‐1, afp‐3, and afp‐4 (As‐flp‐18, As‐flp‐6, and As‐flp‐14, respectively, in the naming convention proposed by Blaxter et al. [1997] Parasitol Today 13:416–417) were determined in the adult A. suum anterior nervous system. Each gene transcript can be localized to a different subset of neurons. These subsets of neurons are different from the subsets of Caenorhabditis elegans neurons that were shown to express identical or similar peptides by the use of promoter GFP constructs (Kim and Li [2004] J Comp Neurol 475:540–550). J. Comp. Neurol. 518:896–910, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluid–structure interaction methods in biological flows with special emphasis on heart valve dynamics
Authors: Vigmostad Sarah C. , Udaykumar Holavanahalli S. , Lu Jia , Chandran Krishnan B.
Published: October 2009

There are numerous examples of fluid–structure interactions (FSIs) within the human body. In all cases, a computer model capable of simulating the phenomenon can aid in the understanding of organ function, failure, and implant design or improvement. In the current paper, two approaches are examined for use in simulating the FSI problem of the dynamics of tissue heart valves. Valve leaflets have nonlinear anisotropic material properties, and undergo complex deformation. Their motion affects—and is affected by—the surrounding blood. This two‐way coupling necessitates a robust algorithm in order to overcome numerical stiffness, convergence challenges, and stability issues. A locally refined Cartesian mesh, sharp interface method has been developed for the fluid flow solution. In the structural domain, the valve leaflet is represented in a Lagrangian fashion and moves based on its experimentally determined material properties. In computing leaflet motion, the anisotropic, nonlinear material properties of the valve leaflet are incorporated using a finite element solver, which calculates the leaflet deformation and stresses based on the stress imparted by the surrounding fluid. Two FSI algorithms have been studied in the context of a sharp‐interface Cartesian grid setting, and each has been validated with benchmark results. The two approaches are compared, and ultimately one is selected as most appropriate for simulating tissue heart valves. In the selected approach, a strongly coupled, partitioned method is used in which subiterations of the fluid and structure solutions are performed at each time step. During the subiterations, the leaflet motion is used as a boundary condition on the fluid, and the fluid stresses act as a boundary condition on the leaflet. In this way, continuity is ensured and two‐way coupling is achieved. The selected approach has overcome the challenges faced by previous simulations reported in the literature, and a robust FSI solution is achieved using physiologic Reynolds numbers, realistic material properties, highly resolved grids, and a dynamic simulation. This approach has the advantage of handling both thin and volumetric embedded objects in a unified fashion, and of treating rigid and deformable structures in the same way, thus allowing a spectrum of potential applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deconvolution of spectral data for colorimetry by second order local power expansion
Authors: Oleari Claudio
Published: October 2009

In spectral measurements, a consequence of using finite bandwidth is that the observed quantity is the convolution of the instrument‐spectral‐bandpass function with the unknown quantity that we want measure. To know the true value of the quantity to be measured, we must perform a deconvolution of the observed data. This article proposes a deconvolution technique based on the complete knowledge of the instrument‐spectral‐bandpass function and on the hypothesis that the unknown quantity to be measured can be power expanded locally around each measuring wavelength. Typical spectral bandpass functions, triangular and Gaussian and with symmetric and asymmetric shape are considered. The spectral resolution evaluated by simulation as a function of the bandwidth and of the spectral scanning step is given to represent the performance of this technique. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Aryl Diazonium for Biomolecules Immobilization onto SPRi Chips
Authors: Mandon Céline A. , Blum Loïc J. , Marquette Christophe A.
Published: October 2009

A method for the immobilization of proteins at the surface of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) chips is presented. The technology, based on the electro‐deposition of a 4‐carboxymethyl aryl diazonium (CMA) monolayer is compared to a classical thioctic acid self‐assembled monolayer. SPRi live recording experiments followed by the quantification of the diazonium surface coverage demonstrate the presence of a monolayer of electro‐deposited molecules (11*1012 molecules mm−²). This monolayer, when activated through a classical carbodiimide route, generates a surface suitable for the protein immobilization. In the present study, protein A and BSA are immobilized as specific and control spots (150 μm id), respectively. The AFM characterization of the spots deposited onto CMA or thioctic acid modified chips prove the presence of 4.7 nm protein monolayers. Finally, the SPRi detection capabilities of the two surface chemistries are compared according to specific signal, non‐specific interaction and regeneration possibilities. Advantages are given to the CMA surface modification since no measurable non‐specific signal is obtained while reaching a higher specific signal.
An extensible and ubiquitous RFID management framework over next‐generation network
Authors: Cho Kideok , Pack Sangheon , Kwon Ted ‘Taekyoung’ , Choi Yanghee
Published: October 2009

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an enabling technology for a variety of applications in next‐generation network (NGN). Although several RFID management frameworks are proposed in the literature, they have limitations in terms of service extension. In this paper, we propose an extensible RFID management framework calledSIP‐based RFID management system(SRMS), which can support various RFID applications. SRMS employssession initiation protocol(SIP), which is an Internet standard protocol adopted in NGN for session management and mobility support. SRMS enhances the existing SIP architecture by introducing asurrogate user agent(SUA) and anSRMS name server(SNS). The SUA performs SIP signaling on behalf of RFID tags with limited capabilities, whereas the SNS provides name resolution services. To illustrate the extensibility of SRMS, we demonstrate two representative application scenarios. Compared with the existing RFID management frameworks, SRMS has advantages of service extensibility and reusability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duplicated Inferior Vena Cava—Something to Consider in the Evaluation of a Living‐Donor Renal Transplant
Authors: Kennealey Peter T. , Saidi Reza F. , Markmann James F. , Ko Dicken S.C. , Kawai Tatsuo , Yeh Heidi
Published: October 2009

Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava are rare and usually of no clinical significance. The presence of a duplicated inferior vena cava (D‐IVC) has an incidence rate ranging from 0.3% to 3% and is a result of an embryological misadventure. Typically, the primitive cardinal veins come together and, along with the regression of the left supracardinal vein, leave a solitary, right‐sided vena cava. Here we review the relevant anatomy and clinical significance of a D‐IVC and present a case of successful laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a patient with this anomaly.
Hemoglobin Variability with Extended Dosing of Epoetin Alfa in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Not on Dialysis
Authors: Bailey Robert A. , McGowan Tracy , Tang K. Linda , Langholff Wayne K. , Lantz Keith C. , Wolfson Marsha
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVES

Hemoglobin (Hgb) variability when treating anemia in pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) may be an important safety consideration, as significant Hgb fluctuations over time appear to be associated with worse outcomes, especially cardiovascular‐related outcomes. We analyzed Hgb variability in subjects receiving epoetin alfa (EPO) with extended dosing regimens.

METHODS

We conducted a post‐hoc analysis to evaluate Hgb variability in 2 trials of EPO in CKD anemia; both examined Hgb response during dosing intervals up to 4 weeks. Study 1 examined 4 EPO maintenance regimens of every 1 to 4 weeks for 16 weeks. Study 2 examined EPO initiation and maintenance dosing of every 2 weeks for 28 weeks.

RESULTS

During the maintenance periods evaluated, Hgb variability (mean within‐subject standard deviations) was 0.75 (0.32), 0.66 (0.29), 0.65 (0.30), and 0.74 (0.36) g/dL, with 10KQW, 20KQ2W, 30KQ3W, and 40KQ4W regimens in study 1 (10,000 IU [10K] once weekly [QW], 20,000 IU [20K] every 2 weeks [Q2W], 30,000 IU [30K] every 3 weeks [Q3W], or 40,000 IU [40K] every 4 weeks [Q4W]), and was 0.59 (0.27) g/dL with 20KQ2W in study 2. Serious thrombovascular events were seen in 4 patients in study 1 and in 3 patients in study 2.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis of CKD patients treated with extended dosing of EPO revealed no relationships between Hgb variability and administered dose or dose interval, comparable with published results of other ESAs.
The Changing Epidemiology of Glycopeptide‐Resistant Enterococci in a Renal Unit
Authors: Khanna Nitish , Inkster Teresa
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVES

Glycopeptide‐resistant enterococci (GRE) have become well‐established nosocomial pathogens. Certain patient groups, such as renal patients, are at increased risk of GRE colonization and subsequent invasive disease. We sought to establish the current epidemiology of GRE within this patient group as well as other high risk groups in our institution and to ascertain whether the epidemiology had changed since the introduction of screening in 2001.

METHODS

All enterococcal isolates obtained from samples received from the renal unit, ICU, and oncology wards between 2001 and 2007 were reviewed, and information regarding glycopeptide usage on the renal unit was obtained from the pharmacy department.

RESULTS

There were 3,710 enterococcal isolates from the renal unit (GRE: 1,077), 1,464 from intensive care units (ICU; GRE: 203), and 857 from the oncology wards (GRE: 51). There was a 5‐fold increase in the percentage of enterococci displaying glycopeptide resistance from the renal unit between 2001/2002 and 2006/2007, with similar increases in resistance from the ICU and oncology wards. During this time, the predominant phenotype changed from VanB to VanA, resulting in an increased resistance profile.

DISCUSSION

Our results demonstrate that the number of isolates of GRE in our institution continues to rise yearly in renal patients. Owing to the change in phenotype, enterococci are displaying increased antibiotic resistance, resulting in a subsequent reduction in the therapeutic options available.
Correlation between morphology and human telomerase gene amplification in bronchial brushing cells for the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Fan Yi‐Bo , Ye Lin , Wang Tian‐Yu , Wu Guang‐Ping
Published: October 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of amplification of the human telomerase gene (TERC), as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in routine liquid‐based cytological preparations from bronchial brushing specimens, and to assess the associations between TERC amplification, cytological diagnosis, and cytological morphology, in order to obtain further insight into these associations. Bronchial brushings from 102 patients with lung carcinoma (52 squamous‐cell carcinomas, 22 adenocarcinomas, 28 small cell lung carcinomas) and 40 patients with nonmalignant disease were used. Amplification of TERC was performed using a commercially available two‐color FISH probe, and slides were prepared for the SurePath liquid‐based Pap test (LPT) using the same samples. Amplification of TERC was significantly associated with histological diagnoses (P < 0.05). Patients with lung cancer, and especially those with nonsmall cell lung cancer, had significantly higher percentages of cells with amplification of TERC than did patients with nonmalignant disease (P < 0.05). Comparing the FISH and LPT results, there was no significant difference in diagnostic sensitivity between the two methods (P > 0.05). However the difference in diagnostic sensitivity of the two methods for squamous‐cell carcinoma was significant (P < 0.01). FISH can be performed on bronchial brushing specimens to detect amplification of TERC. This test may be an adjunct to cytology screening, especially in squamous‐cell carcinoma, and may provide an indication of the potential of individual lesions to progress. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taste bud development and patterning in sighted and blind morphs of Astyanax mexicanus
Authors: Varatharasan Nirupa , Croll Roger P. , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara
Published: October 2009

In the blind cave‐dwelling morph of A. mexicanus, the eye degenerates while other sensory systems, such as gustation, are expanded compared to their sighted (surface‐dwelling) ancestor. This study compares the development of taste buds along the jaws of each morph. To determine whether cavefish have an altered onset or rate of taste bud development, we fluorescently labeled basal and receptor cells within taste buds over a developmental series. Our results show that taste bud number increases during development in both morphs. The rate of development is, however, accelerated in cavefish; a small difference in taste bud number exists at 5 dpf reaching threefold by 22 dpf. The expansion of taste buds in cavefish is, therefore, detectable after the onset of eye degeneration. This study provides important insights into the timing of taste bud expansion in cavefish as well as enhances our understanding of taste bud development in teleosts in general. Developmental Dynamics 238:3056–3064, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brn3a regulates the transition from neurogenesis to terminal differentiation and represses non‐neural gene expression in the trigeminal ganglion
Authors: Lanier Jason , Dykes Iain M. , Nissen Stephanie , Eng S. Raisa , Turner Eric E.
Published: October 2009

The POU‐domain transcription factor Brn3a is expressed in developing sensory neurons at all levels of the neural axis, including the trigeminal ganglion, hindbrain sensory ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia. Changes in global gene expression in the trigeminal ganglion from E11.5 to E13.5 reflect the repression of early neurogenic genes, exit from the cell cycle, and initiation of the expression of definitive markers of sensory function. A majority of these developmental changes are perturbed in the trigeminal ganglia of Brn3a knockout mice. At E13.5, Brn3a−/− trigeminal neurons fail to repress a battery of developmental regulators that are highly expressed at E11.5 and are normally down‐regulated as development progresses, and also fail to appropriately activate a set of definitive sensory genes. Remarkably, developing Brn3a−/− trigeminal neurons also ectopically express multiple regulatory genes associated with cardiac and/or cranial mesoderm development, although definitive myogenic programs are not activated. The majority of these genes are not ectopically expressed in the dorsal root ganglia of Brn3a null mice, perhaps due to redundant mechanisms of repression at spinal levels. These results underscore the importance of gene repression in regulating neuronal development, and the need for unbiased screens in the determination of developmental gene regulatory programs. Developmental Dynamics 238:3065–3079, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of clonal expansion by Foxp3 expression as a mechanism of controlled T‐cell responses and autoimmune disease
Authors: Guo Linjie , Tian Jun , Marinova Ekaterina , Zheng Biao , Han Shuhua
Published: October 2009

The essential role of the transcription factor Foxp3 in the development and function of Treg has been well documented. The role of Foxp3 in non‐Treg, however, is not fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that Foxp3 expression is not confined to CD4+CD25+ Treg. The present study shows that in Foxp3 transgenic (Foxp3‐Tg) mice, in which the transgene is driven by the lck distal promoter, CD4+CD25− T cells that express the Foxp3 transgene do not upregulate the expression of CD25−, GITR, or CTLA‐4, and do not have suppressive function; however, the Foxp3‐Tg+CD4+CD25− T cells exhibit significantly reduced proliferative response to TCR engagement. Foxp3‐Tg mice are resistant to collagen‐induced arthritis via reduced cellular proliferation of activated T cells. These findings indicate that Foxp3 upregulation in activated non‐Treg may be a mechanism to suppress immune responses by reduced clonal expansion of activated T cells.
Phenotypic analysis of human peripheral blood regulatory T cells (CD4+FOXP3+CD127lo/–) ex vivo and after in vitro restimulation with malaria antigens
Authors: Finney Olivia C. , Riley Eleanor M. , Walther Michael
Published: October 2009

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play crucial roles in regulating autoimmune responses and immunity to tumors and infectious diseases. However, numerous subpopulations of Treg are now being described and the utility of various Treg markers is being reassessed. Here we report the results of a detailed phenotypic comparison of two supposedly regulatory human T‐cell populations, namely CD4+FOXP3+ T cells and CD4+CD25hi T cells. We find that CD4+FOXP3+ cells are extremely heterogeneous with respect to CD25 expression and that FOXP3+ and CD25hi CD4+ T cells differ in their expression of chemokine receptors (CCR), CD95 and Bcl‐2, suggestive of distinct migration characteristics and susceptibility to apoptosis. Further, we propose that CD25 expression should be regarded as an activation marker rather than as a defining marker of Treg. Lastly, CD4+FOXP3+ T cells activated in vitro with malaria antigen expressed the highest levels of CCR4 and CD95, and the lowest levels of CCR7, indicating that they are most likely generated from effector memory cells during an immune response and rapidly succumb to apoptosis at the end of the response.
Inhibition of murine γδ lymphocyte expansion and effector function by regulatory αβ T cells is cell‐contact‐dependent and sensitive to GITR modulation
Authors: Gonçalves‐Sousa Natacha , Ribot Julie C. , deBarros Ana , Correia Daniel V. , Caramalho Íris , Silva‐Santos Bruno
Published: October 2009

γδ T cells are highly cytolytic lymphocytes that produce large amounts of pro‐inflammatory cytokines during immune responses to multiple pathogens. Furthermore, their ability to kill tumor cells has fueled the development of γδ‐T‐cell‐based cancer therapies. Thus, the regulation of γδ‐T‐cell activity is of great biological and clinical relevance. Here, we show that murine CD4+CD25+ αβ T cells, the vast majority of which express the Treg marker, Foxp3, abolish key effector functions of γδ T cells, namely the production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IFN‐γ and IL‐17, cytotoxicity, and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We further show that suppression is dependent on cellular contact between Treg and γδ T cells, results in the induction of an anergic state in γδ lymphocytes, and can be partially reversed by manipulating glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor‐related protein (GITR) signals. Our data collectively dissect a novel mechanism by which the expansion and pro‐inflammatory functions of γδ T cells are regulated.
IL‐33 broadens its repertoire to affect DC
Authors: Turnquist Hēth R. , Thomson Angus W.
Published: October 2009

IL‐33 is a novel multi‐functional IL‐1 family member that, in contrast to other family members, is associated with Th2 responses. IL‐33 signals via a heterodimer composed of its receptor, IL‐1 receptor‐like‐1 (IL‐1RL1), more commonly known as ST2L, and the IL‐1R accessory protein. ST2L is expressed by endothelial cells, mast cells, basophils, Th2 cells, and DC. IL‐33 has been associated with several immune‐mediated disorders, including asthma, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast, there is evidence that IL‐33 can inhibit atherosclerosis development. A report in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology reveals a novel function of IL‐33: the ability to promote myeloid DC generation in murine BM cell cultures, by triggering GM‐CSF production by other BM cells, likely basophils. DC generated in the presence of IL‐33 are maturation resistant, with only minimal T‐cell stimulatory ability, associated with comparatively high levels of programmed death receptor ligand expression. This commentary discusses several questions raised by these findings, and provides a basis for further evaluation of IL‐33 and ST2L in regulation of APC generation and function in both innate and adaptive immunity.
Unsupported μ‐Oxo‐ and μ‐Hydroxo‐Iron(III) Dimers and Mononuclear Iron(III) Complexes with Pyridylbis(aminophenol) Ligands
Authors: Shakya Rajendra , Powell Douglas R. , Houser Robert P.
Published: October 2009

Unsupported hydroxo‐ and oxo‐bridged diiron(III) and mononuclear iron(III) complexes with pyridylbis(aminophenol) ligands (Lamine)2– and (LtBu‐amine)2– were synthesized and characterized [H2Lamine = 2,2′‐(2‐methyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)diphenol; H2LtBu‐amine =6,6′‐(2‐methyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)bis(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol)]. Dimeric [(FeLamine)2(μ‐OH)]BPh4 (1) and [(FeLtBu‐amine)2(μ‐O)] (2), and monomeric [FeLtBu‐amine(OCH3)] (3) were synthesized from ferric perchlorate. Monomeric [FeLamineCl] (4) and[FeLtBu‐amineCl] (5) were synthesized from ferric chloride. Complex 1 is comprised of two [FeLamine]+ units, where(Lamine)2– is pentadentate, bridged by a single hydroxo ligand. Intramolecular H‐bonding between the NH groups on one [FeLamine]+ unit and the phenolato O atoms of the other [FeLamine]+ unit stabilizes the structure. Complex 2 is an oxo‐bridged dimer, but the steric constraints from the tert‐butyl groups of (LtBu‐amine)2– prevent intramolecular H‐bonding. Monomeric 4 and 5 are isostructural with pentadentate ligands (Lamine)2– or (LtBu‐amine)2–, respectively, and a chloro ligand in the sixth position of the six‐coordinate iron(III) moieties. Conversion of 2 to its protonated hydroxo‐bridged analog [(FeLtBu‐amine)2(μ‐OH)]+ by treatment with mild acid was monitored spectroscopically and electrochemically, but the reaction was not reversible by treatment with base. Similarly, hydroxo‐bridged 1 could not be deprotonated to generate its oxo‐bridged analog, [(FeLamine)2(μ‐O)], suggesting that the pKa values of the hydroxo groups in 1 and [(FeLtBu‐amine)2(μ‐OH)]+ are quite large. The CV of 2 revealed well‐defined ligand‐based redox couples, but no metal‐based redox couples. When 2 was treated with mild acid, metal‐based redox couples for [(FeLtBu‐amine)2(μ‐OH)]+ grew in. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
On the Regioselective Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Thiols to C60
Authors: Izquierdo Marta , Osuna Sílvia , Filippone Salvatore , Martín‐Domenech Angel , Solà Miquel , Martín Nazario
Published: October 2009

The first intramolecular nucleophilic addition of a thiol to a fullerene double bond is reported. Whereas the reaction of cysteine (4) or cystine (11) with formaldehyde and [60]fullerene in chlorobenzene at reflux afforded the new compound 10 bearing a thiazolidine moiety fused to the fullerene sphere, the reaction of commercially available N‐methylglycine (12; sarcosine) with 1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐diol (13) and C60 in chlorobenzene at reflux led to the desired cyclized compound 3 in poor yield. The favorable geometrical approach of the reactive thiol group towards the fullerene double bond is followed by a 5‐exo‐trig intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the S–H group to the adjacent double bond of the fullerene to form compound 3 in which a tetrahydrothiophene ring is simultaneously fused to the pyrrolidine and the fullerene moieties. Compound 3 was spectroscopically and electrochemically characterized and CV revealed that saturation of a second double bond of the fullerene sphere (cis‐1 regioisomer) is compensated by the electronegative character of the sulfur atom, resulting in reduction potentials similar to those observed for fullerene monoadducts. The two‐fold cyclization reaction occurs in a totally regioselective stepwise process leading exclusively to the cis‐1 isomer. Theoretical calculations (DFT and the ONIOM approach) predict that the formation of the sulfur pentagonal ring is highly favored and does not present structural constraints. Furthermore, the activation barrier for the nucleophilic attack of the thiol group on the fullerene surface was found to be substantially higher in comparison with the analogous previously reportedhydroxy group (activation barrier about 8 kcal mol–1 larger for SH than for OH), thus accounting for the poor yields of tetrahydrothiophene 3. The formation of 3 competes with the formation of 1,2‐dimethylpyrrolidino[3,4:1,2][60]fullerene (15), which is formed as the main reaction product by loss of the SH group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Convenient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pseudonucleosides Bearing a Thiazolidin‐4‐one Moiety by Tandem Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig/Cyclization
Authors: Chen Hua , Zhang Hongzhi , Feng Junna , Li Xiaoliu , Jiao Lingling , Qin Zhanbin , Yin Qingmei , Zhang Jinchao
Published: October 2009

Novel pseudonucleosides 3 and 4 bearing a thiazolidin‐4‐one moiety were firstly synthesized by a one‐pot, multicomponent, tandem Staudinger/aza‐Wittig/intermolecular nucleophilic addition/intramolecular cyclization process in good yields of 43.8–88.0 %. Deacetylation of 3 and 4 afforded compounds 5 and 6, respectively. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of the X‐ray crystal structures of 3b and 3e and by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The antitumor activity and the inhibitory activities against glycosidases and HIV reverse transcriptase of 5 and 6 were also evaluated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Configurational Isomers of a Stilbene‐Linked Bis(porphyrin) Tweezer: Synthesis and Fullerene‐Binding Studies
Authors: Fathalla Maher , Jayawickramarajah Janarthanan
Published: October 2009

A new stilbene‐tethered bis(porphyrin) tweezer 5 has been synthesized through a Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction. The tweezer exists as two configurational isomers [(Z) + (E)], which have distinct cavity sizes. Fullerene‐binding studies show that the (Z) isomer of the tweezer has a significantly higher affinity toward both C60 and C70 compared to the (E) congener. In addition, the (Z) → (E) photoisomerization of tweezer 5 is also discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)