bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MUTU FISIOLOGIS RIMPANG BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESAR SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DENGAN PELAPISAN LILIN DAN APLIKASI PACLOBUTRAZOL
Authors: Rusmin Devi , Suhartanto MR , Ilyas Satriyas , Manohara Dyah , Widajati E
Published: September 2016

Rimpang benih jahe putih besar tidak dapat disimpan lama karena mudah berkerut dan bertunas. Untuk meningkatkan daya simpan benih jahe telah dilaksanakan percobaan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelapisan lilin dengan aplikasi Paclobutrazol (PBZ) terhadap perubahan mutu fisiologis rimpang benih JPB selama penyimpanan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kamar kaca dan Laboratorium Teknologi Benih, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat sejak Januari sampai September 2014. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah dua suhu ruang simpan (1) (26-280C) (RH 70-80%) dan (2) (20-220C) (RH 65-75%), sebagai anak petak adalah perlakuan benih (1) kontrol (tanpa bahan pelapis lilin); (2) pelapisan lilin + PBZ 0 ppm, (3) pelapisan lilin + PBZ 500 ppm; (4) pelapisan lilin + PBZ 1.000 ppm; dan (5) pelapisan lilin + PBZ 1.500 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pelapisan lilin dengan aplikasi PBZ sampai 1.500 ppm belum mampu menekan penyusutan bobot rimpang benih JPB sampai empat bulan setelah simpan, baik pada pada suhu penyimpanan 26-280C maupun pada suhu 20-220C. Kombinasi pelapisan lilin dengan aplikasi PBZ 1.500 ppm pada suhu 20-220C mampu menekan persentase rimpang bertunas sampai tiga bulan simpan dan menekan laju respirasi sampai empat bulan.
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK TANAMAN OBAT TERHADAP CENDAWAN PENYEBAB MASTITIS DAN PENCEMAR PAKAN SAPI
Authors: Ahmad Riza Zainuddin
Published: September 2016

Tanaman obat berpotensi sebagai alternatif untuk menekan cemaran cendawan pada pakan sapi dan pengobatan mastitis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan tanaman obat yang berkhasiat sebagai anti cendawan untuk mengendalikan penyakit mastitis dan pencemar pakan sapi. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner, tahun 2013. Skrining dilakukan pada 10 jenis tanaman obat dengan membuat ekstrak etanol dari daun, umbi, rimpang dan buah.  Uji daya hambat pertumbuhan cendawan dilakukan secara in vitro dalam cawan petri yang diinkubasi untuk diamati diameter daya hambatnya. Pengujian dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran kadar hambat minimal ekstrak dengan pengenceran 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25; 5; dan 2,5%, lalu dicampurkan dengan media agar dan cendawan uji, diinkubasi pada suhu 25dan 37oC selama 3-5 hari untuk diamati pertumbuhannya. Hasil skrining menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih dan daun cengkeh mempunyai kemampuan daya hambat yang terbaik dibanding ekstrak tanaman lainnya. Daya hambat daun sirih terhadap pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani dan Penicillium sp secara berurutan adalah 11,3; 11,3 dan 20,7 mm; sedangkan daun cengkeh adalah 29,3; 29,0 dan 37,3 mm. Daya hambat daun sirih terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii dan Trichosporon sp adalah 25,7; 17,0; 21,0; 26,3 dan 25,7 mm; sedangkan daun cengkeh adalah 19,3; 18,3; 27,5; 29,3 dan 26,3 mm. Daun sirih lebih mudah didapat dan diaplikasikan dibandingkan dengan daun cengkeh, sehingga dipilih untuk uji lanjut. Hasil uji kadar hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih adalah 2,5%, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pengendali cemaran cendawan pada pakan sapi dan mastitis mikotik.
THE EFFECTIVITY OF CITRONELLA AND CLOVE OILS AGAINTS CABBAGE CATERPILLAR Crocidolomia pavonana
Authors: Rismayani Rismayani , Laba I Wayan
Published: September 2016

Crocidolomia pavonana is a major pest on cabbage crops. The use of chemical pesticides in pest control of C. pavonana is not the proper solution due to the fact that the chemical pesticides are not environmentally friendly, kill natural enemies and have negative impacts on human health. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the botanical pesticide consisting of citronella and eugenol oils to control C. pavonana. The treatment was conducted by using two methods based on the control target, firstly is direct spray, the larvae were sprayed and then infested onto cabbage plants. The second method is indirect spray, the larvae was infested onto cabbage plants after the plants were sprayed with botanical pesticide of cittronella and eugenol. Insect mortality was observed at 1; 3; 6; 24; 48; 72 and 96 hours after applications. The results show that the botanical pesticide of citronella and eugenol at concentration of 4.0 ml l-1 respectively was able to effectively control of C. pavonana pest on cabbage leaves.
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BEBERAPA TANAMAN OBAT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU FUNGISIDA NABATI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Idris Herwita , Nurmansyah Nurmansyah
Published: September 2016

Efektivitas ekstrak etanol beberapa tanaman obat sebagai bahan baku fungisida nabati untuk mengendalikan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penyebab penyakit Antracnose pada tanaman buah naga, telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi KP Balittro Laing Solok, sejak Agustus sampai Desember 2014. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode (a) Penekanan diameter koloni dengan menggunakan media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), (b) Penekanan biomassa koloni dengan menggunakan media Potato Dextro Broth (PDB). Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial masing-masing empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah ekstrak etanol dari sirih-sirihan, sambiloto dan gambir dengan empat tingkat kosentrasi (0,5; 1; 2 dan 3%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak etanol tanaman obat efektif sebagai fungisida nabati untuk mengendalikan jamur C. gloeosporioides. Pada kosentrasi 1% ekstrak sirih-sirihan dan sambiloto 2% mampu menekan pertumbuhan diameter dan biomassa koloni C. gloeosporioides 100% lebih efektif dibanding ekstrak gambir dengan penekanan diameter koloni 91,26% dan biomassa koloni 83,74% pada tingkat kosentrasi yang sama.
KETAHANAN EMPAT KLON SERAIWANGI TERHADAP Fusarium sp, Pestalotia sp dan Curvularia sp PATOGEN PENYEBAB BERCAK DAUN
Authors: Idris Herwita , Nurmansyah Nurmansyah
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ketahanan beberapa klon seraiwangi (Andropogon nardus) terhadap tiga jenis patogen penyebab penyakit bercak daun telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Laing Solok sejak Maret sampai Desember 2012. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dalam faktorial masing-masing tiga ulangan, sebagai faktor I klon seraiwangi (G113, G115, G127 dan G132), faktor II jenis patogen (Fusarium sp, Pestalotia sp, dan Curvularia sp). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua klon seraiwangi yang di uji toleran terhadap serangan ketiga patogen penyebab penyakit bercak daun (Fusarium sp, Pestalotia sp dan Curvularia sp). Klon G132 menunjukkan ketahanan yang lebih baik terhadap Fusarium, dengan intensitas serangan penyakit terendah yaitu 6,10%, dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan klon G127 (6,16%), G115 (7,67%) dan klon G113 (7,21%). Klon G127 menunjukkan ketahanan yang lebih baik terhadap Curvularia, dengan intensitas serangan terendah yaitu 4,70%, tidak berbeda nyata dengan klon G132 (5,14%) dan klon G115 (5,74%). Intensitas serangan penyakit tertinggi terdapat pada klon G113 (10,13%). Klon G127 juga menunjukkan ketahanan yang lebih baik terhadap Pestalotia dengan intensitas penyakit terendah yaitu 4,54%, berbeda nyata dengan klon G132 (6,70%), klon G113 (8,64%) dan klon G115 (9,45%). Penyakit bercak daun mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif terhadap tinggi, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, produksi terna dan rendemen minyak. Total geraniol dan kandungan sitronella tertinggi diperlihatkan pada klon G115 dan G127 masing-masing (81,21 dan 47,53%) serta (80,44 dan 45,26%).
SIMULASI PENENTUAN SKALA EKONOMI DAN EKOLOGI SISTEM USAHATANI TERPADU SERAIWANGI DAN SAPI PERAH DI LEMBANG JAWA BARAT
Authors: Listyanti Amalia Diena , Mulatsih Sri , Suwarto Suwarto
Published: September 2016

Pengembangan keterpaduan subsektor pertanian merupakan upaya untuk mewujudkan usahatani yang berkelanjutan. Integrasi tanaman seraiwangi dan sapi perah berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di tingkat petani peternak rakyat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk simulasi menentukan skala usahatani terpadu seraiwangi dan sapi perah rakyat yang memenuhi kelayakan ekonomis dan kelayakan ekologis di Lembang Jawa Barat. Studi dilaksanakan sejak April sampai Oktober 2014. Responden berasal dari pengelola dan staf Kebun Percobaan Manoko serta peternak rakyat. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis dinamika sistem. Berdasarkan simulasi penghitungan skala usahatani terpadu seraiwangi dan sapi perah rakyat, skala usahatani yang layak secara ekonomi maupun ekologi berdasarkan kecukupan pupuk kandang adalah dengan luas minimum lahan tanaman seraiwangi seluas 3.000 m2 dan kepemilikan sapi perah sebanyak 3 ekor. Usahatani terpadu seraiwangi dan sapi perah tidak menggunakan pupuk dan pestisida kimia. Usahatani terpadu seraiwangi dan sapi perah memiliki nilai positif karena mampu meminimalisir pencemaran lingkungan dan mengurangi ketergantungan input dari luar.
KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PENGENDALIAN HAMA PENGISAP BUAH LADA (Dasynus piperis China) DENGAN INSEKTISIDA NABATI BERBAHAN AKTIF MINYAK SERAIWANGI DAN CENGKEH
Authors: Pribadi Ekwasita Rini , Laba I Wayan , Rohimatun Rohimatun , Yolanda Kiki , Willis Mahrita
Published: September 2016

Pengisap buah lada (Dasynus piperis China) merupakan salah satu hama utama lada, yang dapat dikendalikan dengan pestisida. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi penggunaan minyak seraiwangi dan cengkeh dipadukan dengan pestisida sintetik untuk mengendalikan hama penghisap buah lada. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani di di desa Petaling, kecamatan Mendo Barat, Bangka pada lada berumur 4 tahun, sejak Pebruari sampai Oktober 2014. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan (1) minyak seraiwangi konsentrasi 2,5 ml l-1 + minyak cengkeh 2,5 ml l-1; (2) minyak seraiwangi 2,5 ml l-1 + fenil organophosphat (OF) 500 EC 1 ml l-1; (3) minyak cengkeh 2,5 ml l-1 + fenil organophosphat (OF) 500 EC 1 ml-1; (4) fenil organophosphat (OF) 500 EC 2 ml l-1; (5) Kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diujikan pada lahan seluas 0,25 ha (1.250 tanaman). Data yang dikumpulkan adalah input-output usahatani, harga masukan dan keluaran berdasarkan harga pada saat penelitian dilakukan. Efisiensi  teknis diukur berdasarkan produksi buah lada putih kering ha-1 dan kelayakan ekonomi diukur berdasarkan Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan pestisida sintetik OF menghasilkan kelayakan ekonomi yang terbesar ditunjukkan oleh B/C rasio 1,87 dan NPV Rp 281.357.916,- dan IRR sebesar 63%. Petani menyadari penggunaan insektisida nabati aman bagi lingkungan, tetapi mereka berpendapat kurang efektif dalam pengendalian hama lada. Hal tersebut karena cara aplikasi, perolehan insektisida nabati dan pengendalian dengan cara ini adalah sesuatu yang baru bagi petani lada di Bangka. Oleh karena itu pengembangan lebih lanjut perlu disertai dengan pelatihan cara pembuatan dan teknik aplikasi di lapang.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN SETEK CABE JAWA (Piper retrofactum Vahl.) PADA MEDIA CAIR DENGAN PENAMBAHAN IBA DAN VITAMIN C
Authors: Utami Ning Wikan , Syarif Fauzia , Setyowati Ninik
Published: September 2016

Cabe jawa (Piper retrofactum) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang merupakan komoditi ekspor. Pada umumnya jenis-jenis tanaman yang termasuk dalam genus Piper diperbanyak secara vegetatif dengan setek. Penelitian yang bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh hormon IBA dan Vitamin C dilakukan di kebun percobaan Treub, Bidang Botani, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, LIPI. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial. Faktor  pertama  adalah  bahan  setek  terdiri  dari  setek  batang muda (berdaun kecil) dan batang tua (berdaun besar), faktor kedua adalah hormon tumbuh IBA (0, 5, 10 dan 15 mg l-1) dan faktor  ketiga  adalah   vitamin  C  (0, 50 dan 100 mg l-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan setek berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan setek, setek batang muda lebih baik dari pada batang tua. IBA 10mg l-1 dapat meningkatkan jumlah akar dan jumlah tunas secara nyata pada setek batang muda. Vitamin C 50 mg l-1 dapat meningkatkan panjang akar secara nyata. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik adalah IBA 10 mg l-1 + vitamin C 50 mg l-1 pada setek batang muda, menghasilkan ukuran akar terpanjang 19 cm dan jumlah tunas terbanyak 3,6.
PENGARUH POLA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN USAHATANI NILAM
Authors: Rosman Rosihan , Suryadi Rudi , Djazuli Muhamad , Sudiman Agus , Setiawan NFN
Published: September 2016

Upaya meningkatkan produktivitas dan mendukung upaya budidaya menetap diperlukan suatu pola tanam dengan berbagai jenis tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola tanam nilam yang tepat dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Cicurug sejak Mei sampai November 2011. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan enam perlakuan dan enam ulangan. Petak utama adalah dua tingkat intensitas cahaya (naungan), yaitu tanpa naungan (intensitas cahaya 100%) dan di bawah tegakan pohon pala (intesitas cahaya sekitar 80%). Anak petak adalah tiga perlakuan pola tanam nilam yaitu nilam monokultur, nilam + jagung, nilam + kacang hijau. Ukuran petak setiap perlakuan 5 m x 6 m. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah daun, kadar minyak dan nilai PA serta nilai ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilam dapat dipola tanamkan diantara tanaman pala. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara intesitas cahaya dan pola tanam pada parameter tinggi tanaman nilam, jumlah cabang, kandungan minyak, kadar PA. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang tertinggi tanaman nilam ditunjukkan oleh intensitas cahaya 80% (94,77 cm dan 12,12 cabang) dan nilam monokultur (80,00 cm dan 13,25 cabang). Interaksi terjadi pada jumlah daun dan bobot segar terna yaitu tertinggi pada perlakuan nilam monokultur intensitas cahaya 100% yaitu 683 helai tanaman-1 dan 764,5 g tanaman-1. Kandungan minyak dan kadar PA semua perlakuan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata, kadar PA semua perlakuan lebih dari 31%. Pendapatan tertinggi pada pola tanam nilam monokultur yaitu sebesar Rp. 15.290.000,- per hektar. Untuk lokasi yang telah ditanam dengan tanaman pala akan memberikan nilai tambah yang cukup besar dari hasil nilam yaitu Rp. 7.159.900,- per hektar.
PRODUKSI FLAVONOID DAUN KEMUNING (Murraya paniculata L. Jack) PADA DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK DAN INTERVAL PANEN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Taufika Rahmi , Aziz Sandra Arifin , Melati Maya
Published: September 2016

Kemuning (Murraya paniculata) telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai tanaman obat karena mengandung metabolit sekunder yang memiliki berbagai fungsi. Pemupukan dengan pupuk organik dan interval panen dapat meningkatkan produksi metabolit sekunder, terutama flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi dosis pupuk organik dan interval panen yang berbeda terhadap produksi flavonoid daun kemuning. Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak Juni 2014 sampai Februari 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Organik IPB, Cikarawang, Bogor. Percobaan disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan faktor (1) pupuk organik menggunakan 8 kombinasi dosis pupuk kandang ayam (PA) dan abu sekam (AS) yaitu kontrol; 0 kg PA + 3 kg AS;           7 kg PA + 0 kg AS; 7 kg PA + 3 kg AS; 14 kg PA + 0 kg AS; 14 kg PA + 3 kg AS; 21 kg PA + 0 kg AS; 21 kg PA + 3 kg AS pertanaman dan (2) 3 interval panen (2, 3, dan 4 bulan). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F dan taraf DMRT 5%.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi dosis pupuk organik dengan berbagai dosis yang berbeda tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Perlakuan interval panen nyata meningkatkan  produksi daun berupa berat basah dan kering daun total pada interval panen 4 bulan masing-masing sebesar 914,92 g  tanaman-1, 258,53 g tanaman-1. Perlakuan interval panen memberikan pengaruh terhadap produksi senyawa flavonoid total, antosianin, protein, klorofil total, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Interval panen 2 bulan menghasilkan klorofil total tertinggi sebesar 1,72 mg g BB-1.Interval panen 4 bulan menunjukkan aktivitas enzim PAL (7,915 x 10-5 mg CA eq g BB-1), produksi protein (7,96 mg tanaman-1), flavonoid total (682,82 mg tanaman‑1), antosianin (1,17 mg tanaman-1), dan aktivitas antioksidan (76,51%) tertinggi. Tidak ada interaksi antara pemberian pupuk organik dengan interval panen semua parameter pengamatan.
OPTIMASI EKSTRAKSI FLAVONOID TOTAL DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus manihot L.) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Pranowo Dodyk , Noor Erliza , Haditjaroko Liesbetini , Maddu Akhiruddin
Published: September 2016

Tanaman gedi (Abelmoschus manihot) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan. Selama ini, ekstraksi daun gedi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi sederhana sehingga kondisi proses optimum untuk pengembangan skala industri belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan kondisi optimum proses ekstraksi dengan menggunakan teknik maserasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Agro Kimia, Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, sejak Januari 2014 sampai Desember 2014. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Central Composite Design (CCD), terdiri atas 20 run percobaan dengan 6 ulangan pada titik pusat (centre point). Analisis regresi dan keragaman dilakukan dengan menggunakan Software Design Expert Ver. 9.0. Trial. Setiap respon dari proses ekstraksi digunakan untuk mengembangkan sebuah model matematis yang berkorelasi dengan flavonoid total menurut persamaan polinomial. Selanjutnya ditentukan flavonoid total ekstrak daun gedi dan diuji aktivitas antioksidannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi proses optimum dengan menggunakan metode CCD diperoleh pada lama waktu ekstraksi 4,83 jam, suhu ekstraksi 34,33 oC dan kecepatan pengadukan 322 rpm dengan total flavonoid yang dihasilkan sebesar 55,41 mg g-1 serta aktivitas antioksidan dalam IC50 sebesar 383,49 ppm. Faktor paling berpengaruh pada proses ekstraksi daun gedi adalah waktu ekstraksi > kecepatan pengadukan > suhu ekstraksi.
PRETREATMENT EFFECT OF BLACK PEPPER SEEDLINGS WITH Pseudomonas, Trichoderma AND MYCORRHIZA ON FOOT ROT DISEASE INCIDENCE
Authors: Wahyuno Dono , Manohara Dyah , Octivia Trisilawati Octivia
Published: September 2016

Foot rot disease caused by a Phytophthora capsici is a main constraint of black pepper cultivation in Indonesia. Improving soil microbial community populations are an alternative approach to suppress the disease incidence. The objective of the present study was assessing the soil microbe application on disease incidence. The research was conducted at greenhouse and field site in Bogor and Sukamulya Research Station, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. At the greenhouse: Seedlings of Natar 1 variety derived from a single node cutting were inoculated with:                                       (1) P. fluorescens (Pf); (2) Trichoderma (Tr); (3) P. fluorescens + Trichoderma (Pf+Tr); (4) P. fluorescens + Trichoderma + AM fungus (Pf+Tr+AM); that artificially inoculated with Phytophthora; (5) The untreated treatment (0) and (6) the               P. capsici inoculated (Phy) were used as control. The experiment was arranged in Complete Random Design, repeated three times, with 30 seedlings each. The field trial was performed at foot rot disease endemic site. The seven nodes pepper seedlings that previously inoculated with (1) P. fluorescens (Pf), (2) Trichoderma (Tr), (3) P. fluorescens and Trichoderma (Pf+Tr), (4) P. fluorescens, Trichoderma, and AM fungi (Pf+Tr+AM), and the uninoculated (0) were used as materials. The treatments were arranged in Complete Random Block Design with five plots each, which consist of              16 pepper vines each. Observations were carried out for disease incidence, soil microbes population and plant vegetative growth parameters. The results showed, all tested beneficial soil microbes reduced disease incidence occurrence for greenhouse, however only Trichoderma individual treatment reduced disease incidence lower than the control in the field test.
DETEKSI Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KERDIL PADA TANAMAN LADA SECARA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Miftakhurohmah NFN , Mariana Maya , Wahyuno Dono
Published: September 2016

Penyakit kerdil yang disebabkan oleh Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) dan Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman lada di Indonesia. Keberadaan PYMoV tidak mudah dikenal karena di lapang infeksi kedua virus dapat terjadi pada satu tanaman. Deteksi PYMoV pada sampel tanaman lebih akurat perlu dicari dan teknik molekuler dianggap paling sesuai untuk saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi PYMoV pada tanaman lada secara polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan pasangan primer spesifik PYMoV-F dan PYMoV-R. Isolasi total DNA tanaman lada dilakukan menggunakan ATP genomic DNA mini kit. Deteksi PYMoV secara molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik PCR menggunakan pasangan primer spesifik PYMo-F dan PYMoV-R. Untuk mengecek spesifitas primer yang digunakan, dilakukan perunutan nukleotida pada produk PCR yang dihasilkan. Runutan nukleotida yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan program BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor, Complementor, Translate dan BLAST. DNA total hasil isolasi memiliki kualitas yang baik terlihat dari terbentuknya pita DNA yang utuh pada gel elektroforesis. Teknik PCR yang dilakukan berhasil mendapatkan pita DNA berukuran sekitar 450 pb (pasang basa) sesuai dengan prediksi dari desain primer. DNA yang didapatkan memiliki runutan nukleotida sebanyak 450 nukleotida yang ditranslasikan menjadi 148 asam amino. Hasil analisis BLAST runutan nukleotida menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang terdeteksi merupakan PYMoV yang memiliki kemiripan runutan nukleotida sebesar 92% dengan PYMoV asal Vietnam. Primer PYMoV-F dan PYMoV-R dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi PYMoV pada tanaman lada.
Music in Nigerian education
Authors: Okafor Richard C.
Published: September 2016

In the traditional Nigerian society music was an integral part of education. A musician was often expected to practice other areas of the arts and occupations. There were musical families with long traditions of music making. There were instrument makers who were also expected to practice other areas of occupation. Training in music often involved a long period of apprenticeship during which the trainee learned other aspects of the art.
The Nyanga/Ngororombe Panpipe Dance: 1.Thunga la ngororombe - the panpipe dance group of Sakha Bulaundi
Authors: Malamusi Moya Aliya
Published: September 2016

I first met Sakha Bulaundi, leader of a ngororombe dance group on September 15, 1990 at Jonathani village, T.A. Mulauli, Mwanza District, Malawi, during my field-work in that area. I have been in contact with him and the five members of his group ever since that date and recorded them repeatedly. This work was part of a larger project of field research on music and oral literature which I carried out from July 9 to October 15,1990, from February 11 to April 11,1992, and from July 11 to August 11,1992, with the financial assistance of the Auswartiges Amt of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Critical analysis of entrepreneurial spirit, attitudes and perceptions of young South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal province
Authors: Mpele Lekhanya Lawrence
Published: September 2016

Positive entrepreneurial spirit, attitudes and perceptions among the communities, with specific reference to young South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal province, can improve the lives of many young people and alleviate poverty and unemployment challenges in the province. This paper intends to analyze the entrepreneurial spirit, attitudes and perceptions of young South Africans, in addition to which it will also analyze the most critical factors affecting young South Africans when embarking into business. Primary data were collected by means of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected in eThekweni Municipal areas. The sample consisted of 350 young South Africans between the ages of 18-35, both those who are working, as well as those who are unemployed, with or without tertiary qualifications. Respondents completed a five–point, Likert scale questionnaire, with the assistance of an interviewer. The results disclose that the large number of respondents indicate bank requirements to obtain a loan and financial support as major barriers to starting a business. The findings further indicate start-up capital as another constraint that demoralizes, quelling the entrepreneurial spirit among the young. The results found to be statistical significant at (p = .000*). Further research should aim to examine youth entrepreneurial training programs and entrepreneurial support skills.
Keywords: entrepreneurial, analysis, spirit, attitudes, perceptions, critical, young South Africans. JEL Classification: M21
Social values as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Cape Town – South Africa
Authors: Kalitanyi Vivence , Jacobus (Kobus) Visser Dick
Published: September 2016

An empirical study was conducted in Cape Town – South Africa – to determine whether social values (family, parents’ work and education) have an impact on entrepreneurship students in the universities of Cape Town, University of Stellenbosch, and University of the Western Cape, as well as Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The paper reviewed the literature about the role social values plays in the people’s lives. Respondents were the entrepreneurship university students. Data were collected in classrooms, and, in most cases, with the facilitation of both the lecturer and the researcher. Bivariate and multivariate tests of statistical significance were conducted, while Cronbach’s Alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research tool. Findings suggest that social values of the university students have an impact on their entrepreneurial intentions. The paper ends with recommendations to universities, entrepreneurship lecturers, parents, government and businesses, as well as civil society organizations.
Keywords: social values, entrepreneurship intentions, university students, Cape Town. JEL Classification: Y4
Influence of integrated reporting ratings, CEO age, and years of experience on the share price of top 106 JSE listed companies
Authors: Rambe Patient , B. Mangara Tonderayi
Published: September 2016

Integrated corporate reporting (ICR), which entails the process of compiling, documenting and reporting on company’s resources, its ongoing relationships with key stakeholders; business models; products (services); and the impact of such products (or services) on stakeholders, society, as well as the environment to optimize company value, has generated considerable interest among top 100 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies in South Africa over the last decade. Despite the surging interest in ICR to leverage the social responsibility, transparency and public accountability of companies in the developing African countries, little is known about the combined influence of ICR and internal company resources and/ capabilities (e.g., age and experience of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO)) on the performance of South African listed companies. The main objective of this study, therefore, is to examine the impact of Integrated Reporting Ratings (IRR); the company CEO’s age; and his/her years as a CEO on the share price of the company within the South African context. The top-106 JSE listed companies for the period Year-end 2014 constitute the sample for this study. Multivariate non-parametric regression is used to model the relationship between the predictor (i.e., independent) variables and the response (i.e., dependent) variable using MATLAB. The model developed in this study is, then, used to evaluate the impact of IRR; the CEO’s age and years of experience as CEO on the share price of individual companies. The proposed methodology is illustrated step-by-step. The finding of the study reveal that the share price of a company tended to increase with an increase in IRR, age and years of experience of the CEO, demonstrating that a company’s established history in integrated reporting and corporate experience positively impact its performance (i.e., the share price).
Keywords: integrated corporate reporting, corporate responsibility, JSE listed companies, MATLAB. JEL Classification: G17
A Case of Intra - Abdominal Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration: Prenatal Detection, Postnatal Diagnostic Approach and Outcome
Authors: Eroğlu Derya , Denizoğlu Nurper Önder , Ergün Orkan
Published: September 2016

This paper describes the perinatal and postnatal outcome of a case considered to have a fetal intra-abdominal extralobar pulmonary sequestration (ELS). Routine midtrimester fetal ultrasonographic scan detected an abdominal echogenic mass between aorta and stomach. It was considered primarily as an intra-abdominal ELS. At postnatal 2 months, computed tomography (CT) scan with intravenous contrast described it as an ELS at the level of diaphragmatic hiatus by showing the aberrant blood supply to the sequestration with venous drainage into the portal confluence. The patient is now 4 years old and asymptomatic; she is being followed-up by a pediatric surgeon. Intra-abdominal ELSs usually remain asymptomatic throughout life; they may be safely observed without surgery unless they become symptomatic or show any change in the characteristics of the radiologic appearance.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Bending in Concrete Beams Strengthened with External Prestressing CFRP Tendons
Authors: Tianlai Yu , Shuai Tian , Yunpeng Zhao , Liyuan Zhang
Published: September 2016

The flexural properties of concrete beams strengthened by external prestressing carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) tendons are studied through static loading tests. The loading processes, failure modes, right-sectional strain features, and ductility of the strengthened concrete beams are analysed, permitting comparisons of the influences of the bending angle of the external CFRP tendons, the strength grade of the concrete, the reinforcement ratio of the internal non-prestressing steel, and the loading strengthening level of the external prestressing CFRP tendons on the flexural properties of the beams. Test results show that the external prestressing CFRP tendons can improve the anti-cracking properties, stiffness, and flexural properties of concrete beams. The bending angle of the external CFRP tendons should not exceed 10°, while the reinforcement ratio and loading strength have obvious effects on the flexural properties of the beams they reinforce; conversely, the strength grade of the concrete has relatively little influence on the flexural properties. Based on the results, a bending bearing capacity formula for concrete beams strengthened with external prestressing CFRP tendons is determined according to the design theory of externally prestressed concrete structures; this formula provides the accuracy required for construction and therefore it can be used as a reference for practical engineering.
Modern Methods of Preventing Recurrent Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction in Children
Authors: Fofanov Oleksandr , Matiyash Oleg , Fofanov Vyacheslav , Kurtash Oleg , Krasivs'kij Igor , Didukh Ivan
Published: September 2016

Adhesive intestinal obstruction is one of the most urgent problems in pediatric abdominal surgery due to its high rate resulting in a lot of complications, recurrences and relaparotomies.The objective of the research was to examine the clinical efficacy of using intraoperative antiadhesive drugs in children to prevent recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction.Materials and methods. The examination and analysis of medical records of 86 children with adhesive intestinal obstruction treated in the clinic of pediatric surgery of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University over the past 5 years was carried out. We identified two groups of patients: the comparison group included 40 children who received traditional treatment; the main group included 14 children who underwent the application of antiadhesive gel intraoperatively. The assessment of treatment effectiveness was carried out on the base of the postoperative course (recovery time of intestinal peristalsis, onset of enteral feeding, duration of hospital stay, incidence of early postoperative complications) and long-term outcomes (severity of adhesive disease symptoms, presence of recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction and relaparotomies).Results and discussion. In comparative evaluation of the postoperative course in two groups of patients we noticed a more favorable course in children of the main group that was shown by faster recovery of peristalsis, reduced duration of gastric stasis, quicker occurrence of self-defecation and shortened term of hospital treatment. In the comparison group recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction occurred in 8 (20.0%) patients, in 6 (15.0%) cases relaparotomy was performed. In the main group of patients, recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction was observed in one (7.1%) child; however, relaparotomy was not performed.Conclusions. The intraoperative application of antiadhesive gel is a highly effective and safe way to prevent the recurrence of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children.
A Research Framework from Low Income Housing Practice in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Jaiyeoba Babatunde , Amole Bayo
Published: September 2016

The research firmament is not lacking studies on low income housing. Most studies utilize a top to bottom approach in the sense that the problem identification is from the point of view or the research interests of the researcher. These issues emanate from researchers understanding and perception of a practical problem. A research agenda that focus on issues from the point of view of low income people as revealed in their housing production practice is proposed. This is to ensure that the knowledge contribution of low income research impact on low income housing policy and practice.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Housing research; low income; building practice; policy
The Impact of Demographic Factor on Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Study of Retail Sector in Delhi NCR
Authors: Singh Shamsher , Sao Ameet
Published: September 2016

The retail sector is growing a faster pace in India due to demographic shift in population and growing middle class. It is an opportunity for both organized and unorganized sectors. The purpose of this article is to study the customer perception and shopping experience about organized and unorganized retailing with special reference to Delhi and NCR and find out whether the preferences for organized and unorganized retailing are dependent or independent demographic characteristics of consumers. The study has used the primary data collected from 200 respondents through survey method using structured questionnaire. Convenient sampling method was used during the
The influence of Education, Occupation and Income on Perceived Customer Value
Authors: Sharma Amit , Sharma Bodh Raj
Published: September 2016

The aim of this paper is to assess empirically perceptual gap among the customers having different educational qualification, occupation and income regarding customer value in Indian insurance sector. It is a fact that insurance sector has been growing tremendously despite a lot of competition in the marketplace. The study is based upon the primary data obtained from customers of four life insurance companies belonging to various districts of J&K through quota sampling. A questionnaire was framed containing items of demographics and statements measuring customer value based upon seven point Likert scale. The findings indicate that the demographic variables viz., qualification, occupation and monthly income, there is no significant difference regarding perceived customer value among the life insurance players.
Performance Evaluation of Corporators and Authorities based on Public Grievances Redressal
Authors: B Vanya Shree. , Prakash S. P. Shiva
Published: September 2016

People in their day-to-day life face many general problems like damaged street lights, irregular water supply, blocked drainage connection etc. In these situations they complain to the concerned authority. If the complaint is unsolved, they complain to their areas representatives i.e. corporator. But in majority of the cases complainants dont get timely delivery of the solutions to their complaint and moreover authorities and corporators are neither made accountable nor answerable for it. Hence public grievances redressal is a major issue. Another important issue is that there are no quantitative measures representing a politician. If there would be any such metrics it would assist people in selecting suitable candidate in election and would also guide political parties in selecting suitable contestant for contesting in election. There are also no quantitative measures of government employees, which if exist would be used in providing promotions and increments. This work addresses these two major issues and provides solution for it. Android app is developed which evaluates Authorities and Corporators based on whether they have solved peoples complaint and if solved how early it is solved. It provides evaluation in terms of score and rank. It also provides performance graph and statistical graphs.
International Supplier Partner Selection- Using an MADM Models
Authors: Azadfallah Mohammad
Published: September 2016

The paper concentrates mainly on international supplier partner selection problem and demonstrates how the MADM models, particularly TOPSIS method can be effectively used for partner selection decision in foreign market (especially Iran and Sweden companies). The result showed that, the Swedens best suppliers are not necessarily the most appropriate partner for Iranian companies because the importance of effective criteria is not the same for two countries.
Granular Region-oriented Fuzzy-Rough based kNN Improvization for Activity Recognition Modeling
Authors: Borges Vijay , Jeberson Wilson
Published: September 2016

Activity recognition is a complex task of the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) domain with ever-increasing research interest. Human activity recognition has been specially addressed by the advances in pattern recognition. k-Nearest Neighbors(kNN) is a non-parametric classifier from pattern recognition theory, that mimics human decision making by taking previous experiences into consideration for segregating unknown objects. A novel fuzzy-rough model, based on granular computing for improvisation of the kNN classifier is proposed herewith. In this model, feature-wise fuzzy memberships are generated to fuzzify the feature space of the nearest neighbors of the test object. These neighbors fuzzified feature space are then aggregated into granules, based on their class-belongingness. From these, lower and upper approximation granules are generated using rough set theory to classify the test object. It is shown experimentally that this model outperforms the traditional kNN by 16.43% and Fuzzy-kNN by 10.25%, in the human activity recognition domain. Another novelty is in the efficient use of the fuzzy similarity relations in class-dependent granulated feature space, and, fuzzy-rough lower/upper approximations in the hybridization of the kNN classifier.
Specifying Inventory Needs and Strategies for Smooth Conduct of Business Operations
Authors: Chalotra Vipul
Published: September 2016

nventory forms the major part of current assets of the business and therefore requires apt strategies for its effective controlling in order to conduct smooth flow of business operations. The paper presents an empirical analysis of inventory control for smooth business operations. The primary data for the study were collected from 44 SSI managers/owners in Udhampur district of J&K state through census technique. BTS and Cronbach-alpha stood as basis for ensuring validity and reliability of the scales in the construct. The purified data after factor analysis were analyzed with the assistance of varied multivariate tools. The results of hierarchal regression model revealed that effective inventory control and management lead to elimination of duplication in ordering, effective inventory control strategies results in reduction of material handling costs, effectual inventory control strategies assists in keeping obsolescence losses to the minimum and effectual inventory control strategies leads to reduction of transportation costs.
Impacts of Entrepreneurial Leadership Style on Business Performance of Female owned SMEs in Dar es salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mgeni Tresphory Othumary , Nayak Parameswar
Published: September 2016

This study attempts to determine the relationship between Entrepreneurial Leadership style and business performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) owned or led by female CEOs in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The research is based on secondary data from One World Action and Financial Sector Development Trust (FSDT) baseline survey databases, covering Kinondoni, Ilala and Temeke municipalities. Data cleaning was conducted using Roy (2010)s seven step methodology and analyzed quantitatively using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and simple regression by SPSS. The findings show that there is a significantly strong positive correlation between Entrepreneurial Leadership style and business performance of SMEs in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
Influence of Education in the Augmentation of Women Entrepreneurship
Authors: Varghese Dipu
Published: September 2016

Entrepreneurship can be considered as the backbone of any economy. Global economy is observing steady growth in the number of women entrepreneurs. In this paper, the role of formal and informal education, in boosting up of women Entrepreneurship is discussed. The influence of education in three different angles, opportunity identification, entry into Entrepreneurship and firm competency are taken into consideration to develop a hypothetical model which can be tested empirically.
Microenterprise as a Livelihood Source and Factors Affecting their Success: A Study from India
Authors: Bharti Nisha
Published: September 2016

Among various self-employment options, micro-enterprise has been recognized as an important tool for employment generation and poverty alleviation in developing countries by policy makers. This study is an attempt to look at some of the micro-enterprises as a livelihood source for the poor and constraints faced by them in establishing and running their micro-enterprise. The study involves a survey of 40 micro-entrepreneurs in the Maharashtra state of India. The study involves simple statistical analysis. This paper concludes that typically a micro-entrepreneur is a male, landless and young person between the ages of 21-40 years. These micro-enterprises are of diverse nature but largely these micro-enterprises are service oriented and been started with self-motivation with the objective of getting employment. Less than 50 percent of these micro-enterprise got support for establishing micro-enterprise from other sources like friends and other organization largely for finance and skill. These are own account enterprises started with very minimal investment, mostly less than Rs. 10000 and most of these micro-enterprises are able to generate a annual profit of less than Rs.20000. Among constraints faced by these micro-entrepreneurs, finance was the most important constraint identified.
Can Transformational Leadership Increase the Happiness Index in Organisations through Empowerment?
Authors: Pai Akshata , Krishnan Venkat R.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this paper is to understand how transformational leadership is related to psychological empowerment and how it affects happiness index in a followers life. A total of 103 employees from various Indian information technology organizations rated their superiors transformational leadership behavior and their own empowerment and happiness. For this study, two dimensions of empowerment were taken into consideration meaning and competence. Five dimensions of transformational leadership were captured-idealised influence attributed, idealised influence behavior, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Findings suggest that idealised influence attributed and competence are the best predictors of happiness. Regression analyses also show that both competence and meaning partially mediate the relationship between each of the five dimensions of transformational leadership and followers happiness. The paper makes recommendations to managers and organizations for improving their leadership styles, which in turn may strengthen positive attitudinal and behavioral changes among employees, thereby making them more productive.
„Matka Jezusa” i „Niewiasta” jako tytuły Maryi w czwartej Ewangelii
Authors: Nalewaj Aleksandra
Published: September 2016

The Church worships Mary of Nazareth as the Lord’s Mother (Luc 1, 43) and the Mother of God. In the Fourth Gospel the Mother of Jesus appears only at the beginning and at the end of the book and in both cases in the context of the „hour” of Jesus (John 2, 1–12; 19, 25–27). In the Evangelist’s comments she is referred to as the „Mother of Jesus” and her Son calls her a „Woman”.In the debate about the omission of the name of the God’s Mother in the Gospel of John most exegetes emphasize the symbolic meaning of the book and probably in connection with it the author’s intention to depict some persons as types in the narration. Besides Jesus’ Mother the names are not given to the woman of Samaria (4, 7), the royal official of Capernaum (4, 46), the man blind from birth (9, 1), and finally the disciple whom Jesus loved. Therefore the role of these people seems to be special.According to tradition John’s Gospel, being the product of well-developed Christology, was created in its final shape in Ephesus at the end of the 1st century. It was the time of various religious and philosophical trend clashes and the beginning of Christological errors. In these circumstances, Christian orthodoxy crystallized. The Fourth Gospel can be characterized as decidedly Christocentric. It seems that the author of the book was particularly careful not to overemphasize the importance of the Mother of Jesus, but to present her true role in the historical-salvific work of her Son by means of the indicated titles. Mary is Mother of Jesus, but she isn’t situated on the same level with his heavenly Father, therefore she is also defined as a “Woman”. For the disciples of Jesus she is Mother and new Eve. Both titles: „Mother of Jesus” and „Woman” express her specific position before Jesus and his disciples.
Scientific approach to the specific liturgical features in the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI
Authors: Caban Peter
Published: September 2016

Artykuł dotyczy pontyfikatu papieża Benedykta XVI i jego wkładu w dziedzinie liturgii. Zwraca uwagę na różne fakty rozwijające się w duchu autentyczności i wierności względem liturgii rzymskokatolickiej, na możliwości liturgicznej formy rytów, na nowe motu proprio i na użycie języka łacińskiego w liturgii zachodniej. Artykuł pragnie dać obraz pontyfikatu obecnego papieża w relacji do duszpasterskiej posługi w parafiach. Chce ukazać, że liturgia w jej różnorodności nie jest nigdy krokiem wstecz, ale przejawem autentyczności i wierności względem orędzia Chrystusa.