bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a Sense of Security in a Patient
Authors: Liberska Hanna
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how biopsychosocial conditioning is a dynamic functional structure which included definitive aspects of health, somatics, social aspects, psychological parameters and spiritual health. The approach of the authors to include health and disease in terms of a system that governs the specific principles. The systems such as the human body and human psyche are open and relatively autonomous. Openness enables new factors, stimuli, information and experience to be introduced into the system, but also entails the risk of introducing harmful influences on health and psychosocial statuses. Autonomy and awareness of psychological structures are linked to the ability to control the biopsychosocial state. The conviction of exercising such control is a source of the sense of security.
Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Vaz Nafisa Fatima Maria
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how there are three major stakeholders in a patient's hospitalization: the patient, the healthcare providers, and the hospital. Satisfaction with the care and hospital experience is important to the patient because evidence suggests satisfied patients are more likely to adhere to self-care instructions and have better clinical outcomes. Hospitals have aimed to provide care and service that is highly satisfying to patients because it is the right thing to do and because reputation affects volume and revenues which in turn impacts the fiscal bottom line. Unfortunately, not all patients enjoy equal levels of satisfaction in the health care system. To succeed amongst today's competition; healthcare organizations must be patient-centered and win the loyalty of their patients by providing an outstanding patient experience, then retaining these patients, increasing the number of patients through positive word of mouth and continually delivering greater value.
Building Relationships Within a Therapeutic Team
Authors: Pasternak Agata
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how a therapeutic team is a term defining all qualified healthcare workers, who are actively participating in the treatment, care and rehabilitation processes of a patient. Depending on the type of department or institution where a patient is staying, he can come across numerous therapeutic teams. A therapeutic team consists of a group of people, who fulfil a treatment process together. Their cooperation may result on the most effective strategy to provide care, due to every member of a team being a source of information about the patient and his afflictions. Professional development of every member of a therapeutic team is an important component in improving quality of provided services, which effects the increase of a patient's satisfaction level. Therefore, its role is incredibly important. Moreover, professional development is a process that takes place during a human lifespan and is associated with activities, achievements, but also with existence, expression and self-realization.
The Physiotherapist as a Health Educator
Authors: Sielski Łukasz , Soczywko Julita
Published: January 2018

This chapter is devoted to the work of physiotherapists, who must be able to recognize a variety of limitations and contraindications. It presents physiotherapy as a profession and the physical therapist as a professional, a man perfectly prepared to work with the sick and needy and a member of the rehabilitation team (therapeutic) who is therapist-humanist ensuring his patients are treated properly and ethically.
Extensions of Content Analysis in the Creation of Multimodal Knowledge Representations
Authors: Farmer Lesley S. J.
Published: January 2018

Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments, optimizing users' interaction with that knowledge representation. This chapter explains knowledge representation and information architecture, focusing on comic arts' features for representing and structuring knowledge. Then it details information design theory and information behaviors relative to this format, also noting visual literacy. With this background, an expanded view of content analysis as a research method, combining information design to represent knowledge and information architecture within the context of comic arts, is explained and concretized. The chapter also recommends strategies for addressing knowledge acquisition and communication through effective knowledge representation.
Exposing Oppressive Systems
Authors: Wright Ursula T. , Rocco Tonette S. , McGill Craig M.
Published: January 2018

Institutional ethnography (IE) is a useful and systematic process for examining organizations and work data through the lens of stakeholders, at different levels, and different forces. Drawing from ethnomethodology, IE focuses on how everyday experience is socially organized. As an analytic focus, power crosses boundaries, providing researchers a view of social organization that illuminates practices that marginalize. This chapter provides the conceptual underpinnings for considering IE as a methodological tool and affords researchers the opportunity to see how IE has been used in adult and workforce education settings to make invisible practices visible to the victim. The result can often be information that leads to exploring or engaging in emancipatory efforts that lend to different and better future outcomes for other victims in similar situations.
Delphi Method in a Digital Age
Authors: Haynes Christine A. , Shelton Kaye
Published: January 2018

With the rapid advancement of online survey tools, research collaboration tools, communication platforms, and statistical analysis tools, the Delphi method is an increasingly popular research approach to gain insight from experts into complex problems or when future-oriented planning is required. This chapter focuses on practical considerations and implications for practice when conducting studies online using the Delphi method. Practical logistics for the management of online Delphi studies explored in this chapter include preparing for a successful study, designing communication strategies, addressing technological considerations, and handling of qualitative and quantitative data.
Creating Meaningful Research for Graduate Students to Prevent Degree Abandonment
Authors: Sedivy-Benton Amy L.
Published: January 2018

Advanced degrees are becoming more valuable in the workplace. In turn, institutions of higher education are providing multiple venues for students to obtain advanced degrees. These venues tend to reach a population beyond those who would have attended a traditional brick and mortar institution. This reaches students from a variety of backgrounds, and institutions are trying to adjust and accommodate this newly recruited and diverse population. The expectations of graduate programs have not changed; students are to emerge from these programs with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to partake in research on their own. However, these students are limited on the readiness they possess to conduct graduate research. This in turn results in attrition from the program and leaving behind their opportunity for a graduate degree. This chapter provides an overview of the skills and issues of graduate students and a discussion of how those issues affect students finding success in graduate programs. The chapter concludes with suggestions and recommendations for addressing these issues.
Storytelling as an Invitation to Become a Self in the World
Authors: Zimmerman Aaron Samuel , Kim Jeong-Hee
Published: January 2018

Narrative inquiry has been a popular methodology in different disciplines for the last few decades. Using stories, narrative inquiry illuminates lived experience, serving as an alternative to research methodologies that are rooted in Positivist epistemologies. In this chapter, the authors discuss, first, the primary methodological features of narrative inquiry, second, the importance of the act of narrative theorizing within narrative inquiry, third, the way in which narrative inquiry prioritizes the act of becoming over the state of knowing, and, fourth, the manner in which narrative inquiry can deepen one's appreciation for one's self and for others.
Fundamentals of Delphi Research Methodology
Authors: Shelton Kaye , Haynes Christine A. , Creghan Kathleen Adair
Published: January 2018

Although the Delphi method was designed as a forecasting tool for the RAND Corporation in the 1950s, in the last several decades, this research methodology is commonly used for facilitating consensus in many fields such as business, education, and nursing. Because of the increased use of the Delphi method, more information is needed for researchers to precisely execute a successful Delphi study. This chapter briefly introduces the Delphi method, reviews the methodology, discusses types and variations in Delphi studies, addresses the advantages and limitations, and provides clear, step-by-step guidelines for employing a Delphi method research study.
Platform Leaders and Complementors' Strategic Management of Standards
Authors: Benmeziane Karim , Mione Anne
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, the authors describe how companies strategically manage standards in complex products and systems. They explore how standards selection and adoption can leverage the position of a firm as a leader or complementor1 in a CoPS platform. The authors particularly review the platform leader's management of standards and question whether these standards are used to reinforce its leadership or not. Then, they adopt the complementor's viewpoint and question whether standards adoption and implementation constitute a vehicle for skills acquisition. In other words, the authors address two questions: Does standard selection constitute a strategy to strengthen leadership? Does standard adoption facilitate capability building for a complementor and enable it contesting an installed leadership?
A Method for Content Analysis of (Pre-)Standardization Activities
Authors: Fomin Vladislav V. , Zoo Hanah , Lee Heejin
Published: January 2018

This chapter is aimed at developing a document content analysis method to be applied in studies of standardization and technology development. The proposed method integrates two theoretical frameworks: the co-evolutionary technology development framework and the “D-N-S” (design, negotiation, sense-making) framework for anticipatory standardization. At the backdrop of the complex and diversified landscape of science and R&D efforts in the technology domain, and the repeated criticism of the weak link between R&D initiatives and standardization, the authors argue that the method offered in this chapter helps better understand the internal dynamics of the technology development process at the early stage of standardization or pre-standardization, which, in turn, can help mobilize and direct the R&D initiatives. To demonstrate the practical usefulness of the proposed method, they conduct a content analysis of the research contributions presented in the COST Action IC0905 “Techno-Economic Regulatory Framework for Radio Spectrum Access for Cognitive Radio/ Software Defined Radio” (COST-TERRA).
An Investigation Into the Critical Success Factors of Implementing Information Technology Service Management Frameworks
Authors: Ravasan Ahad Zare , Mohammadi Mohammad Mehrabioun , Hamidi Homa
Published: January 2018

During the last decade, many organizations have adopted information technology service management (ITSM) frameworks such as information technology infrastructure library (ITIL). However, such efforts are challenging and costly and not all have been successful. Keeping this in mind, this chapter seeks to identify critical success factors (CSFs) that impact successful implementation of ITSM frameworks with a focus on ITIL. Hence, based on a mixed method, at first, with the semi-structured interviews and literature review, 22 success factors were identified. The data of 122 valid questionnaires were analyzed using robust exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to validate and categorize identified factors. Finally, 22 CSFs are categorized under five “organizational,” “human resources,” “project management,” “managerial,” and “process” main groups. The findings of this study have provided a very useful reference for IT standardization scholars and practitioners to identify the important issues of ITSM frameworks implementation projects in research and practice.
Measuring the Deployment of Internet Protocols
Authors: Levä Tapio , Riikonen Antti , Töyli Juuso , Hämmäinen Heikki
Published: January 2018

Internet protocols and traffic are the foundation of the internet and reflect the on-going digital transformation in the society. Internet protocols spread to potential adopters through several successive phases of implementation, commercialization, acquisition, and adoption. This protocol deployment process involves several stakeholders and varies depending on the deployment environment and the protocol in question. This complexity and the lack of comprehensive measurement studies call for a further conceptualization of measuring protocol diffusion along the whole deployment process. Therefore, this chapter develops a framework for measuring the deployment of internet protocols, consisting of deployment steps, deployment models, deployment measures, and data sources. The illustrative results indicate that protocol deployment is driven by applications, and show the existence of large deployment gaps between the protocol possession and usage.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA DESERTIFICAÇÃO NA REGIÃO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS POR MEIO DE TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO
Authors: Marques Marcus Vinícius Araújo , Moreira Adriana Aparecida , Nery César Vinícius Mendes
Published: January 2018

O processo de desertificação é conhecido em todo mundo pelo seu poder de transformar terras produtivas em terras não produtivas. Vários locais são afetados por esse processo, que vem avançando de forma gradativa, principalmente pelas ações antrópicas e pelas variáveis climáticas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da desertificação na região norte do estado de Minas Gerias, obtendo um diagnóstico da situação atual utilizando o geoprocessamento. Foram utilizados dados dos atributos ambientais (declividade, erosividade, cobertura do solo, classes de solos e índice de aridez). Com o cruzamento destes atributos foram gerados mapas temáticos de susceptibilidade ambiental à erosão, susceptibilidade climática à desertificação e susceptibilidade ambiental à desertificação que possibilitou uma análise do processo na região. Pode-se concluir que a maior parte da área, cerca de 60%, encontra-se em média susceptibilidade ambiental à desertificação, numa região que compreende as localidades das estações meteorológicas de Espinosa, Monte Azul e Mocambinho.
O USO DO TERRITÓRIO PELA CITRICULTURA E A PERMANÊNCIA DO TRABALHO INFANTIL NO CENTRO-SUL DE SERGIPE
Authors: Vasconcelos Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2018

O território citricultor no centro-sul de Sergipe passa por transformações decorrentes de relações capitalistas de trabalho no meio rural, combinadas com o uso do trabalho familiar e da mão de obra infantil. Este estudo analisa as relações de trabalho infantil na atividade citrícola, considerando a (des)territorialização e a precarização do uso e abuso da força de trabalho ilegal, as quais requerem investigar o desenvolvimento da citricultura na região e os impactos socioeconômicos causados à população. Trata-se de uma problemática inerente às crianças e adolescentes pobres, enquanto mecanismo de sobrevivência, simultaneamente, de exploração entre diversificados mecanismos de acumulação capitalista. Na contemporaneidade não ocorreu a mudança a que se aspirava diante do avanço da tecnologia em todas as áreas produtivas e nas formas de relações de trabalho difundidas. A investigação permitiu a reconfiguração territorial do trabalho infantil no centro-sul sergipano, tendo como marco referencial a atividade citrícola e a permanência da força de trabalho das crianças e adolescentes, inclusive como estratégia das famílias para subsistência das unidades de produção dentro do capitalismo. O estudo partiu de pesquisa bibliográfica limitada, complementada por pesquisa de campo, propiciando identificar questionamentos, sugestões, problemas e alternativas socioeconômicos. Como destaque foram constatadas questões relativas à modernização agrícola e ao uso do território, espacialmente diversificados, independentemente da escala, sem apresentarem a mesma dinamicidade; a citricultura sergipana ainda se encontra em crise, mesmo com variadas políticas agrícolas específicas; permanece o predomínio da agricultura familiar, inclusive com o emprego indiscriminado do trabalho de crianças e adolescentes. O setor continua ressentindo-se de políticas eficazes e distributivas que proporcionem condições dignas para a sustentação das famílias e erradicação ou diminuição do trabalho infantil. Evidencia-se a persistente inserção precoce de crianças e adolescentes no mundo do trabalho diante das precárias condições materiais de vida, de produção e de renda insuficiente das famílias, mesmo entre aquelas beneficiadas por programas sociais de governo com suas contradições e fragilidades na reversão da problemática. Espera-se, finalmente, que esta pesquisa contribua com estudos sociais, sobretudo os relacionados à geografia agrária e regional no país, especificamente no estado de Sergipe.
DIAGNÓSTICO E FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DAS ÁREAS DE EXPANSÃO DO AEROPORTO INTERNACIONAL DE VIRACOPOS/CAMPINAS - SP
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo Dutra , Vitte Antônio Carlos
Published: January 2018

O aeroporto de Viracopos/Campinas/SP encontra-se em fase de expansão para se tornar o maior cargueiro aeroportuário da América Latina. Isso provocará forte pressão nos sistemas ambientais locais, principalmente nas áreas de entorno à expansão. Esta situação expressa a tensão entre as escalas típica da modernidade, onde o local é submetido às influências imperativas da totalidade, neste caso do sentido de progresso universal, que por sua vez contrasta com o sentido de progresso dos moradores locais e capacidade de resiliência dos sistemas naturais. A área é composta por um grande número de nascentes, remanescentes de Cerrado, moradores residentes a mais de 20 anos, e habitações de baixa e alta infraestrutura. Frente a este contexto de pressões e transformações inevitáveis e em longo prazo, torna-se necessário tanto oferecer um quadro diagnóstico da situação socioambiental, que seja sucinto e expressando os principais aspectos, quanto caracterizar o grau de fragilidade ambiental, tanto físico, quanto humano, da área. A metodologia de obtenção da fragilidade dialogou com a metodologia de Ross (1994). A relativa homogeneidade geológica, do solo, declividade do relevo regional resultou em classes de fragilidade condicionadas ao uso e ocupação da superfície, bem como as intenções de uso. Sobre o uso e ocupação levaram-se em consideração três principais aspectos: as condições dos remanescentes vegetais, recursos hídricos e incertezas e fragilidade das populações locais; e que se expressou em termos de médias e altas classes de fragilidade.
ANÁLISE DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS CLIMÁTICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE TAUÁ-CE/BRASIL
Authors: Gomes Raul Carneiro , Zanella Maria Elisa , De Oliveira Vládia Pinto Vidal
Published: January 2018

A compreensão da dimensão climática destaca-se como uma estratégia para a geração de cenários tendenciais seguros para a sociedade humana. No contexto semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, o entendimento das características e das dinâmicas atmosféricas emerge como uma estratégia basilar para o planejamento e para o desenvolvimento da região. No entanto, os trabalhos que versam sobre a temática são escassos e/ou tratam de espaços comuns, geralmente nas grandes cidades, ou onde há um banco de dados e informações consolidadas. Por isso, os municípios do interior nordestino raramente são alvos de pesquisas científicas, o que dificulta a análise das particularidades e oscilações climáticas nos sertões. Desta maneira, este trabalho objetivou analisar as características climáticas e sua dinâmica no município de Tauá-CE/Brasil. Para isso, fez-se o levantamento bibliográfico e geocartográfico, bem como a coleta e o tratamento dos dados da estação meteorológica automática do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), presente no município. Em seguida, os dados e informações obtidos foram analisados integradamente. Isso indicou e fundamentou as seguintes considerações: 1) as características climáticas de Tauá estão em consonância com os demais setores semiáridos do Nordeste; 2) o fortalecimento ou enfraquecimento do Anticiclone do Atlântico Sul (ASAS) é crucial para determinar anos secos ou chuvosos. Ademais, detectou-se que os sistemas atmosféricos, os quais mais causam precipitações em Tauá são a Zona de Convergência Intertropical e os Vórtices Ciclônicos de Altos Níveis. Notou-se que as temperaturas médias mensais decrescem no verão e no outono, provavelmente devido à obliteração que as nuvens do período chuvoso causam na insolação. Contudo, a amplitude térmica é baixa, dada a sua localização geográfica próxima à linha do equador. Por fim, o período seco e com maior insolação é provocado pela ausência de sistemas atmosféricos causadores de chuva e pelo fortalecimento do ASAS, formador da Massa Equatorial Atlântica.
Quadriceps Neuromuscular Function and Jump-Landing Sagittal-Plane Knee Biomechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ward Sarah H. , Blackburn J. Troy , Padua Darin A. , Stanley Laura E. , Harkey Matthew S. , Luc-Harkey Brittney A. , Pietrosimone Brian
Published: January 2018

Context: 

Aberrant biomechanics may affect force attenuation at the knee during dynamic activities, potentially increasing the risk of sustaining a knee injury or hastening the development of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Impaired quadriceps neuromuscular function has been hypothesized to influence the development of aberrant biomechanics.

Objective: 

To determine the association between quadriceps neuromuscular function (strength, voluntary activation, and spinal-reflex and corticomotor excitability) and sagittal-plane knee biomechanics during jump landings in individuals with ACLR.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Twenty-eight individuals with unilateral ACLR (7 men, 21 women; age = 22.4 ± 3.7 years, height = 1.69 ± 0.10 m, mass = 69.4 ± 10.1 kg, time postsurgery = 52 ± 42 months).

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

We quantified quadriceps spinal-reflex excitability via the Hoffmann reflex normalized to maximal muscle response (H : M ratio), corticomotor excitability via active motor threshold, strength as knee-extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and voluntary activation using the central activation ratio (CAR). In a separate session, sagittal-plane kinetics (peak vertical ground reaction force [vGRF] and peak internal knee-extension moment) and kinematics (knee-flexion angle at initial contact, peak knee-flexion angle, and knee-flexion excursion) were collected during the loading phase of a jump-landing task. Separate bivariate associations were performed between the neuromuscular and biomechanical variables.

Results: 

In the ACLR limb, greater MVIC was associated with greater peak knee-flexion angle (r = 0.38, P = .045) and less peak vGRF (r = −0.41, P = .03). Greater CAR was associated with greater peak internal knee-extension moment (ρ = −0.38, P = .045), and greater H : M ratios were associated with greater peak vGRF (r = 0.45, P = .02).

Conclusions: 

Greater quadriceps MVIC and CAR may provide better energy attenuation during a jump-landing task. Individuals with greater peak vGRF in the ACLR limb possibly require greater spinal-reflex excitability to attenuate greater loading during dynamic movements.
Quality of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Patients with Parkinsonism: A Polysomnography Based Study from Rural South India
Authors: Jasti Dushyanth Babu , Mallipeddi Sarat , Apparao A. , Vengamma B. , Kolli Satyarao , Mohan A.
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to study the quality of sleep, sleep disorders, and polysomnographic profile in Parkinsonism patients from rural areas and to correlate polysomnographic profile with the staging of disease and with sleep questionnaire. Materials and Methods: Between May 2014 and December 2015, 168 Parkinsonism patients were prospectively screened using sleep questionnaire; Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Parkinson Disease Sleep Score-2 (PDSS-2). Sixty patients underwent overnight polysomnography subsequently. Results: The mean age of 168 patients in the study was 65.3 ± 12.8 years. The mean duration of Parkinsonism was 4.6 ± 3.1 years. The mean ESS, PSQI and PDSS-2 were 12.4 ± 3.2, 7.9 ± 2.1 and 44.7 ± 5.8, respectively. A total of 148 patients (88.1%) had poor quality sleep, which was reported only in 37 patients (22%). Excessive daytime sleepiness (80%) and insomnia (76.7%) were most common symptoms. Polysomnographic profile showed poor sleep efficiency (median interquartile range [IQR] 74.8% [17.8%–99.5%]), reduced slow wave sleep (median [IQR] 0% [0%–9.5%]), and reduced rapid eye movement [REM] sleep (median (IQR) 4.9% [0.1%–24.2%]). Sleep disorders in the study were sleep fragmentation (n = 60, 100%), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (n = 40, 66.7%), central sleep apnea syndrome (n = 6, 10%), and periodic limb movement disorder (n = 52, 86.7%). Two patients had REM sleep behavioral disorder clinically. There was statistically significant positive correlation between staging of disease, sleep latencies, and sleep questionnaire. Conclusion: Sleep is impaired in majority of Parkinsonism patients which needs to be diagnosed early and managed effectively. Patient education and awareness programs in rural areas regarding sleep disorders in Parkinsonism are required for early diagnosis.
Rates and Correlations of Psychiatric Drug Administration in a Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Papadopoulou Soultana L. , Tatsioni Athina , Kapsalaki Artemis , Siafaka Vassiliki , Kotsi Katerina , Ploumis Avraam
Published: January 2018

Background: Physical injury has been associated with the development of several psychopathological manifestations. Less is known about the use of psychiatric medication in those patients. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the use of psychiatric medication by patients been admitted in a rehabilitation center in a tertiary care teaching hospital and to inquire for the correlations of such drug administration. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 127 patients who had been admitted to a rehabilitation center, being in the postacute phase of their condition during a 2-year period. Patients’ medical records were searched for the demographic and clinical information. Results: Analysis was performed for 118 patients, mostly men (62.7%) with the mean age of 57.5 years. About 43.2% of patients (n = 51) were referred for psychiatric consultation, and 39.8% (n = 47) were prescribed a psychiatric drug. Traumatic brain injury was the diagnosis, positively correlated to referral. Twenty-seven out of the 67 nonreferred patients (40.3%) were prescribed psychiatric regimens by physicians. Nearly 38.1% of patients were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder by the consultation-Liaison psychiatric service. Conclusions: In a rehabilitation center, psychiatric drug administration is common practice and drugs may be prescribed by the center's physicians and by psychiatrists. Such a drug prescription was found to be correlated to referral to the consultation-Liaison psychiatric service.
Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Trigeminal Neuralgia in a South Asian Cohort
Authors: Caldera Manjula Chandragomi , Senanayake Sameera Jayan , Perera Sujith Priyankara , Perera Nadeeke Nidhan , Gamage Ranjanie , Gooneratne Inuka Kishara
Published: January 2018

Introduction: The antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has been described. We evaluated effects of BTX-A in relieving pain in patients with refractory TN at National Hospital of Sri Lanka. Materials and Methods: Pain in patients with TN was assessed using a visual analog from 0 to 10. Three months after commencement of drug therapy with ≥2 drugs including one first-line drug (carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine), pain scores were re-assessed. Twenty-two patients who did not report improvement of ≥50% at 90 days’ posttreatment were recruited. They were given adjunct BTX-A directly to the trigger point (if identified) or intradermal. Pain scores were assessed at 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days’ posttreatment. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in mean pain scores at 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days’ posttreatment (5.59 [standard deviation (SD) = 2.7], 5.68 [SD = 2.6], 5.27 [SD = 3.2], 4.77 [SD = 3.7], and 5.32 [SD = 4.0]) compared to pre-BTX-A treatment (7.14, SD = 2.2). Percentage reduction in mean pain score ranged from 20.4% to 33.1%. Maximum response was at day 60 post-BTX-A (50% had ≥50% reduction in pain). No significant difference was found in response with higher doses and injection strategy. Conclusion: Consistent statistically significant reductions in pain scores at the aforesaid intervals compared to pretreatment means that there is a place for BTX in refractory TN.
Retrospective Analysis of Arthrodesis from Various Options after Anterior Cervical Discectomy
Authors: Sharma Vinaysagar , Singh Shashwat Kumar
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Anterior cervical discectomy is a surgical procedure performed to treat a herniated/degenerated disc in the cervical region. There have been various studies comparing arthrodesis rates among various procedures. Our patients belonged to varied socioeconomic background and underwent anterior cervical microdiscectomy without/with instrumentation. Aim: The present study was performed to study and compare the arthrodesis rates in the patients operated for anterior cervical microdiscectomy with and without fusion/instrumentation procedures at our institution. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study performed at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru. Pre- and post-operative X-rays were assessed in 96 patients who had undergone anterior cervical discectomy with/without fusion from June 2012 to June 2015. Radiographic arthrodesis was assessed in all patients. An arbitrary grading was designed by us and categorized into Grade I to IV. The criteria considered for adequate arthrodesis in this study were: (a) <2° movement on dynamic X-rays, (b) restored disc space height (±2 mm accepted), and (c) evidence of solid bone mass around disc space. Arthrodesis was categorized as Grade I if all the above 3 criteria on X-rays was fulfilled, Grade II if any 2 of the criteria was fulfilled, Grade III if any 1 of the criteria was fulfilled, and Grade IV when pseudoarthrosis/none of the criteria was fulfilled. Grade I arthrodesis was noted in about 79 patients (82.2%), Grade II in 14 patients, and only 3 patients had Grade III arthrodesis. There were no patients with absent arthrodesis/pseudoarthrosis. Results: Satisfactory arthrodesis was noted in 82% of the total patients, with patients undergoing fusion ± instrumentation procedure having better results. Conclusions: Arthrodesis by an interbody graft/implant with/without plating increases chances of success as compared to anterior cervical discectomy alone. Patients should be motivated for any of the available options for fusion/instrumentation
Effects of Crystalloid Preloading (20 ml/kg) on Hemodynamics in Relation to Postural Changes in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgical Procedures in Sitting Position
Authors: Ranjith M. , Bidkar Prasanna Udupi , Narmadalakshmi K. , Talawar Praveen R.
Published: January 2018

Background: Hemodynamic disturbances are common during positioning the patients from supine to sitting for neurosurgical procedures. The reported incidence of hypotension varies from 5% to 32%. The aim of the study was to study the effect of crystalloid preloading on hemodynamic parameters during positioning the patient from supine to sitting position. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational trial, 20 patients were enrolled. Two patients had a patent foramen ovale on transesophageal echocardiography and were excluded from the study. All the patients received 20 ml/kg of crystalloid (Ringer's lactate) before initiation of positioning. Physiological hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output (CO), stroke volume variation (SVV), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), and maximum and minimum inferior vena caval diameter (IVCD) were recorded after induction, during positioning at 30°, 60° inclination of the operating table and after the final sitting position. Results: Hemodynamic parameters were well maintained during positioning of the patients from supine to sitting position. Crystalloid preloading prevented the hypotension during positioning. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters such as CO, SVR, SVV, CI, and SV. We did not find any correlation with changes in IVCD with changes in CO. Conclusion: A volume of 20 ml/kg of crystalloid preloading before positioning the patient from supine to sitting position maintains the hemodynamic stability and avoids the vasopressor requirement.
Upper Cervical Bronchogenic Cyst: A Rare Condition at a Rare Location
Authors: Jha Ranjeet Kumar , Mohanty Chandan B. , Deopujari Chandrashekhar E. , Shaikh Salman Tehran
Published: January 2018

Intraspinal bronchogenic cyst (SBC) is a rare but important cause of spinal cord compression, commonly seen in the cervicothoracic spine. We report a case of a 43-year-old male, presenting with complaints of neck pain, radiating to right shoulder, with numbness of right hand and fingers. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed an intradural extramedullary, ventral cystic lesion extending from C2 to C4 vertebral levels. Complete surgical excision was performed, and the patient had a complete relief of symptoms postoperatively. Only 11 cases of SBCs have been reported in literature. We discuss the peculiar location of this lesion, possible embryological reasons and the overall surgical outcome of SBC.
Inadvertent Central Arterial Catheterization: An Unusual Cause of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Katyal Nakul , Korzep Amanda , Newey Christopher
Published: January 2018

Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is extensively utilized in Intensive Care Units for evaluation of hemodynamic status, administration of intravenous drugs, and for providing nutritional support in critically ill patients. Unfortunately, CVC use is associated with complications including lung injury, bleeding, infection, and thrombosis. We present a patient with an acute ischemic stroke from an inadvertently placed CVC into the right common carotid artery. A 57-year-old male presented to our institution for left hemiplegia and seizures 2 days after a CVC was placed. He was found to have a right frontal ischemic stroke on computed tomography (CT). CT angiography noted that the catheter was arterial and had a thrombosis around it. He was started on a low-dose heparin infusion. A combination of cardiothoracic surgery and interventional cardiology was required to safely remove the catheter. Central arterial catheterization is an unusual cause for acute ischemic stroke and presents management challenges.
The Hermite–Joubert Problem and a Conjecture of Brassil and Reichstein
Authors: Nguyen Khoa Dang
Published: January 2018

We show that Hermite’s theorem fails for every integer $n$ of the form $3^{k_{1}}+3^{k_{2}}+3^{k_{3}}$ with integers $k_{1}>k_{2}>k_{3}\geqslant 0$. This confirms a conjecture of Brassil and Reichstein. We also obtain new results for the relative Hermite–Joubert problem over a finitely generated field of characteristic 0.
Modeling temperature manipulations in a circular model of birdsong production
Authors: Dima Germán César , Goldin M. A. , Mindlin Gabriel B.
Published: January 2018

The nature of the neural mechanisms in the birdsong motor pathway that lead to the generation of respiratory patterns are a matter of extensive debate. In a top-down control paradigm, vocal gestures emerge from a unique timescale ruled by the telencephalic nucleus HVC, which engages other brain regions downstream. Another possibility is that the generation of motor instructions is distributed throughout the neural network, flowing both upstream and downstream. In this circular architecture, the song results from the integration of more than one timescale. In order to disambiguate these views, we used local focal cooling of HVC in canaries to manipulate the timescale present there. Within the frame of the circular model, we fitted the experimental pressure patterns of different types of syllables, which form a full song. We show that at least two separate timescales must be taken into account to reproduce them, one which is manipulated by cooling while the other remains unchanged. The modifications -stretching and breaking- of the syllables were quantitatively reproduced in this frame.
Received: 8 September 2017,  Accepted: 7 December 2017; Edited by: A. Martí;  Reviewed by: Y. S. Zhang, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ, USA.; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.100002
Cite as: G C Dima, M A Goldin, G B Mindlin, Papers in Physics 10, 100002 (2018)
This paper, by G C Dima, M A Goldin, G B Mindlin, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
Commentary on "Modeling temperature manipulation in a circular model of birdsong production"
Authors: Zhang Yisi S
Published: January 2018

A Commentary on the paper by G. C. Dima et al.  [Pap. Phys. 10, 100002 (2018)].Received: 8 January 2018,  Accepted: 11 January 2018; Edited by: A. Martí; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.100003Cite as: Y S Zhang, Papers in Physics 10, 100003 (2018)This paper, by Y S Zhang, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
A refined method for calculating equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine
Authors: Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Ostermöller Jennifer , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Dhomse Sandip , Jöckel Patrick
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Chlorine and bromine atoms lead to catalytic depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Therefore the use and production of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) containing chlorine and bromine is regulated by the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer. Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) has been adopted as an appropriate metric to describe the combined effects of chlorine and bromine released from halocarbons on stratospheric ozone. Here we revisit the concept of calculating EESC. We derive a refined formulation of EESC based on an advanced concept of ODS propagation into the stratosphere and reactive halogen release. A new transit time distribution is introduced in which the age spectrum for an inert tracer is weighted with the release function for inorganic halogen from the source gases. This distribution is termed the release time distribution. We show that a much better agreement with inorganic halogen loading from the chemistry transport model TOMCAT is achieved compared with using the current formulation. The refined formulation shows EESC levels in the year 1980 for the mid-latitude lower stratosphere, which are significantly lower than previously calculated. The year 1980 is commonly used as a benchmark to which EESC must return in order to reach significant progress towards halogen and ozone recovery. Assuming that – under otherwise unchanged conditions – the EESC value must return to the same level in order for ozone to fully recover, we show that it will take more than 10 years longer than estimated in this region of the stratosphere with the current method for calculation of EESC. We also present a range of sensitivity studies to investigate the effect of changes and uncertainties in the fractional release factors and in the assumptions on the shape of the release time distributions. We further discuss the value of EESC as a proxy for future evolution of inorganic halogen loading under changing atmospheric dynamics using simulations from the EMAC model. We show that while the expected changes in stratospheric transport lead to significant differences between EESC and modelled inorganic halogen loading at constant mean age, EESC is a reasonable proxy for modelled inorganic halogen on a constant pressure level.
Response to marine cloud brightening in a multi-model ensemble
Authors: Stjern Camilla W. , Muri Helene , Ahlm Lars , Boucher Olivier , Cole Jason N. S. , Ji Duoying , Jones Andy , Haywood Jim , Kravitz Ben , Lenton Andrew , Moore John C. , Niemeier Ulrike , Phipps Steven J. , Schmidt Hauke , Watanabe Shingo , Kristjánsson Jón Egill
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Here we show results from Earth system model simulations from the marine cloud brightening experiment G4cdnc of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The nine contributing models prescribe a 50 % increase in the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) of low clouds over the global oceans in an experiment dubbed G4cdnc, with the purpose of counteracting the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases under the RCP4.5 scenario. The model ensemble median effective radiative forcing (ERF) amounts to −1.9 W m−2, with a substantial inter-model spread of −0.6 to −2.5 W m−2. The large spread is partly related to the considerable differences in clouds and their representation between the models, with an underestimation of low clouds in several of the models. All models predict a statistically significant temperature decrease with a median of (for years 2020–2069) −0.96 [−0.17 to −1.21] K relative to the RCP4.5 scenario, with particularly strong cooling over low-latitude continents. Globally averaged there is a weak but significant precipitation decrease of −2.35 [−0.57 to −2.96] % due to a colder climate, but at low latitudes there is a 1.19 % increase over land. This increase is part of a circulation change where a strong negative top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave forcing over subtropical oceans, caused by increased albedo associated with the increasing CDNC, is compensated for by rising motion and positive TOA longwave signals over adjacent land regions.
CINEMA & EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: ESTADO DA (7ª) ARTE
Authors: De Gois Tinôco Rafael , De Araújo Allyson Carvalho
Published: January 2018

Esse manuscrito traz reflexões oriundas da elaboração do estado da arte de dissertação do autor e nasceu com o propósito de mapear e discutir a produção e difusão do conhecimento acadêmico brasileiro acerca do cinema, enquanto artefato cultural com potencial pedagógico, na Educação Física escolar. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada nos sites dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física e nos periódicos à área 21 relacionados no Webqualis. Ao final, foi verificado que, dentre os 222 arquivos encontrados, apenas 9 deles foram selecionados por se tratarem de intervenção escolar, sendo 2 dissertações/teses e 7 artigos. Esse resultado demonstra a incipiência da temática em nossa área e emergência investimentos, tornando necessário um novo olhar às possibilidades do audiovisual.
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO TÉCNICO-CIENTÍFICA DOS BOLSISTAS DE PRODUTIVIDADE DO CNPQ DA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO TRIÊNIO 2010-2012
Authors: Pedroso Bruno , Caetano Pinto Guilherme Moreira , Picinin Claudia Tania , Gutierrez Gustavo Luis
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a produção técnico-científica dos bolsistas de produtividade da área da Educação Física no triênio 2010-2012. A relação de bolsistas de produtividade foi obtida por meio da página eletrônica do CNPq, tendo sido posteriormente buscado seus currículos na Plataforma Lattes e contabilizado por meio do software scriptLattes v8.07 sua produção bibliográfica, técnica e artística e orientações concluídas. Constatou-se que estes visam prioritariamente publicações em periódicos de Qualis A1, A2 e B1, bem como orientações de mestrado e doutorado. Conclui-se que os bolsistas de produtividade da área da Educação Física tendem a direcionar suas produções para atender aos requisitos estipulados pelo CNPq para manutenção/ascensão da bolsa de produtividade.
ESPORTES NÁUTICOS, IDENTIDADES CULTURAIS E O POSITIVISMO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Da Silva Carolina Fernandes , Mazo Janice Zarpellon , Da Silva Miranda Araujo Carneiro Mayara
Published: January 2018

Resumo: O presente estudo busca investigar como os clubes esportivos náuticos assimilaram representações sul-rio-grandenses no início do século XX. Os clubes esportivos náuticos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) foram implantados por imigrantes europeus. A partir do contato cultural que ocorreu entre os imigrantes, novas identidades foram compostas. Neste contexto se constituiu as identidades sul-rio-grandenses dos clubes com novas representações no cenário esportivo. O corpus documental foi constituído de fontes impressas, extraídas de documentos oficiais dos clubes e jornais que circulavam pelo estado. A análise das fontes ocorreu através do software ATLAS.ti 7.5.6. Por meio da interpretação do cenário dos clubes náuticos no RS é possível perceber que o estado era heterogêneo culturalmente.
UMA CARTOGRAFIA SUBMERSA PARA PENSAR A PRODUÇÃO DO CORPO INTENSIVO
Authors: Yonezawa Fernando , Caliman Luciana
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho pretende apresentar uma cartografia da prática do mergulho livre e, com base na concepção de corpo sem ógãos das obras de Deleuze e Guattari, extrair elementos que possibilitem refletir sobre a produção de um corpo intensivo, distinto do corpo orgânico. Partimos da noção de que o corpo sem órgãos seja o corpo dos afectos circulantes em um encontro entre corpos. Pretendemos contribuir para as reflexões acerca do corpo, realizando uma listagem de afectos da prática do mergulho livre no mar, elaborando a noção de que um corpo intensivo é construído a partir de experimentações capazes de constituir novos campos de sensibilidade.Abstract: this work intends to present a cartography of the practice of free diving and, based on the concept of body without organs from the works of Deleuze and Guattari, extract elements that allow to reflect on the production of an intensive body, distinct from the organic body. We start from the notion that the body without organs is the body of the circulating affections of an encounter between bodies. We intend to contribute to the reflections about the body, making a list of affections of the free diving practice at sea, elaborating the notion that an intensive body is constructed from experiments capable of constitute new fields of sensitivity.Key words: cartography; diving; body; sensitivityResumen: este trabajo pretende presentar una cartografía sobre la práctica de buceo y, basados en la concepción de cuerpo sin órganos de las obras de Deleuze y Guattari, extraer elementos que permitan reflexionar sobre la producción de un cuerpo intensivo, distinto del cuerpo orgánico. Partimos de la idea de que el cuerpo sin órganos sea el cuerpo de los afectos circulantes en un encuentro entre cuerpos. Tenemos la intención de contribuir para las reflexiones sobre el cuerpo, realizando un listado de afectos de la práctica de buceo libre en mar, elaborando la idea de que un cuerpo intensivo se construye a partir de experimentaciones capaces de formar nuevos campos de sensibilidad.Palabras clave: cartografía; buceo; cuerpo; sensibilidad
Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov., from deciduous forests of Northern Alsace, France
Authors: Trendel Jean Michel , Hampe Felix , Verbeken Annemieke
Published: January 2018

Based on morphological, molecular, and ecological data, a new species of Russula sect. Russula, found on several occasions under deciduous trees in Northern Alsace is described and illustrated as: Russula vinosoflavescens, belonging to R. subsect. Sardoninae.