bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-22 Protects against Biliary Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury after Liver Transplantation via Activating STAT3 and Reducing Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Levels In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bai Yi , Wu Hao , Zhang Jinrui , Zhang Sai , Zhang Zhixin , Wang Hao , Zhang Yamin , Shen Zhongyang
Published: May 2022

Biliary complications are currently one of the leading causes of liver failure and patient death after liver transplantation and need to be solved urgently. Biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the important causes of biliary complications. IL-22 has a protective effect on liver injury and hepatitis diseases, and its safety and efficacy in the treatment of hepatitis have also been proved in human clinical experiments. Furthermore, multiple studies have confirmed that IL-22 promotes the proliferation and repair of epithelial cells in various organs. Still, its function in the bile duct after transplantation has not been explored. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of IL-22 on cholangiocyte IRI in vitro and in vivo and exploring its underlying mechanisms. We simulated the hypoxia process of bile duct epithelial cells through in vitro experiments to investigate the protective function and molecular mechanism of IL-22 on bile duct epithelial cells. Subsequently, the function and mechanism of IL-22 in the biliary IRI model of autologous orthotopic liver transplantation in rats were assessed. This study confirmed that IL-22 could promote cholangiocyte proliferation, decrease the apoptosis rate of cholangiocytes and tissues, decrease MDA levels, and increase SOD levels by activating STAT3. In addition, IL-22 can also reduce the level of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, protect mitochondria, reduce ROS production, and play a role in protecting bile ducts. These findings provide evidence for IL-22 as a novel and effective treatment for biliary IRI after liver transplantation.
Bimodal Gene Expression in Patients with Cancer Provides Interpretable Biomarkers for Drug Sensitivity
Authors: Ba-Alawi Wail , Nair Sisira Kadambat , Li Bo , Mammoliti Anthony , Smirnov Petr , Mer Arvind Singh , Penn Linda Z. , Haibe-Kains Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Identifying biomarkers predictive of cancer cell response to drug treatment constitutes one of the main challenges in precision oncology. Recent large-scale cancer pharmacogenomic studies have opened new avenues of research to develop predictive biomarkers by profiling thousands of human cancer cell lines at the molecular level and screening them with hundreds of approved drugs and experimental chemical compounds. Many studies have leveraged these data to build predictive models of response using various statistical and machine learning methods. However, a common pitfall to these methods is the lack of interpretability as to how they make predictions, hindering the clinical translation of these models. To alleviate this issue, we used the recent logic modeling approach to develop a new machine learning pipeline that explores the space of bimodally expressed genes in multiple large in vitro pharmacogenomic studies and builds multivariate, nonlinear, yet interpretable logic-based models predictive of drug response. The performance of this approach was showcased in a compendium of the three largest in vitro pharmacogenomic datasets to build robust and interpretable models for 101 drugs that span 17 drug classes with high validation rates in independent datasets. These results along with in vivo and clinical validation support a better translation of gene expression biomarkers between model systems using bimodal gene expression.

Significance:

A new machine learning pipeline exploits the bimodality of gene expression to provide a reliable set of candidate predictive biomarkers with a high potential for clinical translatability.
TET2 Suppresses VHL Deficiency-Driven Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting HIF Signaling
Authors: Zhang Xinchao , Li Shuyan , He Jing , Jin Yunjie , Zhang Ruonan , Dong Wenjing , Lin Mingen , Yang Yajing , Tian Tongguan , Zhou Yuefan , Xu Yixin , Lei Qun-Ying , Zhang Jing , Zhang Qing , Xu Yanping , Lv Lei
Published: May 2022

Inactivating mutations of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) are highly prevalent in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Improved understanding of the vulnerabilities of VHL-deficient ccRCC could lead to improved treatment strategies. The activity of DNA dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation (TET)2 is significantly reduced in multiple cancers by different mechanisms, but its role in ccRCC progression remains unclear. Here, we report that increased expression of TET2, but not TET1 and TET3, is negatively associated with tumor metastasis and advanced tumor stage and is positively associated with good prognosis uniquely in ccRCC among all 33 types of cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. TET2 restrained glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway metabolism in a VHL deficiency–dependent manner, thereby suppressing ccRCC progression. Notably, TET2 and VHL mutations tended to cooccur in ccRCC, providing genetic evidence that they cooperate to inhibit the progression of ccRCC. Mechanistically, TET2 was recruited by transcription factor HNF4α to activate FBP1 expression, which antagonized the function of hypoxia-inducible factor-1/2α (HIF1/2α) in metabolic reprogramming to impede ccRCC growth. Stimulating the TET2-FBP1 axis with vitamin C repressed the growth of VHL-deficient ccRCC with wild-type TET2 and increased the sensitivity to glycolysis inhibitors. Moreover, combined expression levels of the HNF4α–TET2-FBP1 axis served as a biomarker of prognosis in patients with ccRCC. This study reveals a unique function of TET2 in the suppression of tumor metabolism and HIF signaling, and it also provides therapeutic targets, potential drugs, and prognostic markers for the management of ccRCC.

Significance:

The identification of TET2-mediated inhibition of HIF signaling and tumor metabolic reprogramming provides insights for new therapeutic strategies for VHL-deficient ccRCC.
An Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine Promotes Anticancer Immunity in Patients with Ovarian Cancer with Low Mutational Burden and Cold Tumors
Authors: Fucikova Jitka , Hensler Michal , Kasikova Lenka , Lanickova Tereza , Pasulka Josef , Rakova Jana , Drozenova Jana , Fredriksen Tessa , Hraska Marek , Hrnciarova Tereza , Sochorova Klara , Rozkova Daniela , Sojka Ludek , Dundr Pavel , Laco Jan , Brtnicky Tomas , Praznovec Ivan , Halaska Michael J. , Rob Lukas , Ryska Ales , Coosemans An , Vergote Ignace , Cibula David , Bartunkova Jirina , Galon Jérôme , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Spisek Radek
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The successful implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the clinical management of various solid tumors has raised considerable expectations for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). However, EOC is poorly responsive to ICIs due to immunologic features including limited tumor mutational burden (TMB) and poor lymphocytic infiltration. An autologous dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine (DCVAC) has recently been shown to be safe and to significantly improve progression-free survival (PFS) in a randomized phase II clinical trial enrolling patients with EOC (SOV01, NCT02107937).

Patients and Methods:

We harnessed sequencing, flow cytometry, multispectral immunofluorescence microscopy, and IHC to analyze (pretreatment) tumor and (pretreatment and posttreatment) peripheral blood samples from 82 patients enrolled in SOV01, with the aim of identifying immunologic biomarkers that would improve the clinical management of patients with EOC treated with DCVAC.

Results:

Although higher-than-median TMB and abundant CD8+ T-cell infiltration were associated with superior clinical benefits in patients with EOC receiving standard-of-care chemotherapy, the same did not hold true in women receiving DCVAC. Conversely, superior clinical responses to DCVAC were observed in patients with lower-than-median TMB and scarce CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Such responses were accompanied by signs of improved effector functions and tumor-specific cytotoxicity in the peripheral blood.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that while patients with highly infiltrated, “hot” EOCs benefit from chemotherapy, women with “cold” EOCs may instead require DC-based vaccination to jumpstart clinically relevant anticancer immune responses.
Overcoming Resistance to Anti–Nectin-4 Antibody-Drug Conjugate
Authors: Cabaud Olivier , Berger Ludovic , Crompot Emerence , Adélaide José , Finetti Pascal , Garnier Sèverine , Guille Arnaud , Carbuccia Nadine , Farina Anne , Agavnian Emilie , Chaffanet Max , Gonçalves Anthony , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle , Mamessier Emilie , Birnbaum Daniel , Bertucci François , Lopez Marc
Published: May 2022

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) represent a fast-growing drug class in oncology. However, ADCs are associated with resistance, and therapies able to overcome it are of utmost importance. Recently, enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (EV) was approved in nectin-4+ metastatic urothelial cancer. We previously described PVRL4/nectin-4 as a new therapeutic target in breast cancer and produced an efficient EV-like ADC comprising a human anti–nectin-4 mAb conjugated to monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE) named N41mab-vcMMAE. To study the consequence of the long-term treatment with this ADC, we developed a preclinical breast cancer model in mice, and report a mechanism of resistance to N41mab-vcMMAE after 9-month treatment and a way to reverse it. RNA-sequencing pointed to an upregulation in resistant tumors of ABCB1 expression, encoding the multidrug resistance protein MDR-1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp), associated with focal gene amplification and high protein expression. Sensitivity to N41mab-vcMMAE of the resistant model was restored in vitro by P-gp pharmacologic inhibitors, like tariquidar. P-gp is expressed in a variety of normal tissues. By delivering the drug to the tumor more specifically than classical chemotherapy, we hypothesized that the combined use of ADC with P-gp inhibitors might reverse resistance in vivo without toxicity. Indeed, we showed that the tariquidar/N41mab-vcMMAE combination was well tolerated and induced a rapid regression of ADC-resistant tumors in mice. In contrast, the tariquidar/docetaxel combination was toxic and poorly efficient. These results show that ABC transporter inhibitors can be safely used with ADC to reverse ADC-induced resistance and open new opportunities in the fight against multidrug resistance.
Synthetic Essentiality of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 in APC-Mutated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lee Rumi , Li Jiexi , Li Jun , Wu Chang-Jiun , Jiang Shan , Hsu Wen-Hao , Chakravarti Deepavali , Chen Peiwen , LaBella Kyle A. , Li Jing , Spring Denise J. , Zhao Di , Wang Y. Alan , DePinho Ronald A.
Published: May 2022

Inactivation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is common across many cancer types and serves as a critical initiating event in most sporadic colorectal cancers. APC deficiency activates WNT signaling, which remains an elusive target for cancer therapy, prompting us to apply the synthetic essentiality framework to identify druggable vulnerabilities for APC-deficient cancers. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) was identified as a synthetic essential effector of APC-deficient colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, APC deficiency results in the TCF4/β-catenin–mediated upregulation of TDO2 gene transcription. TDO2 in turn activates the Kyn–AhR pathway, which increases glycolysis to drive anabolic cancer cell growth and CXCL5 secretion to recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutically, APC-deficient colorectal cancer models were susceptible to TDO2 depletion or pharmacologic inhibition, which impaired cancer cell proliferation and enhanced antitumor immune profiles. Thus, APC deficiency activates a TCF4–TDO2–AhR–CXCL5 circuit that affects multiple cancer hallmarks via autonomous and nonautonomous mechanisms and illuminates a genotype-specific vulnerability in colorectal cancer.

Significance:

This study identifies critical effectors in the maintenance of APC-deficient colorectal cancer and demonstrates the relationship between APC/WNT pathway and kynurenine pathway signaling. It further determines the tumor-associated macrophage biology in APC-deficient colorectal cancer, informing genotype-specific therapeutic targets and the use of TDO2 inhibitors.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1599
The Clinical Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound for Management of Bleeding Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kalista Kemal Fariz , Hanif Syifa Amalia , Nababan Saut Horas , Lesmana Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya , Hasan Irsan , Gani Rino
Published: May 2022

Bleeding esophageal varices (BEV) is a serious clinical condition and can potentially be life-threatening. Esophageal varices are caused by abnormal dilated submucosal and collateral veins in the esophagus wall as a result of portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis. Consequently, it is important to administer appropriate preventive treatment for the disease in order to decrease morbidity and mortality rates. The current gold standard to identify esophageal varices is the use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, EGD has limitations due to its inability in observing detailed information of varices morphology and esophagogastric hemodynamics. This report shares the potential role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to overcome the limitation of EGD in clinical practices. Two cases of BEV in hepatitis B liver cirrhosis patients were described in the report. In case 1, large esophageal varices were found through EGD, and large paraesophageal varices were found through EUS. In case 2, small esophageal varices were found through EGD, and submucosal varices with a large periesophageal collateral vein and perforating vein in the distal esophagus were found through EUS. Cyanoacrylate injection guided by EUS was performed in both cases, and no rebleeding occurred after the procedure. In these cases, we showed that EUS is proven to be a potential tool in diagnosis and management of BEV in liver cirrhosis. EUS provides more accurate diagnostic aspects to find varices, assess bleeding risk, and predict bleeding recurrence. EUS also provides more beneficial treatment aspects to guide the treatment procedure and to monitor post treatment response.
Personalized-Inherent Variability in a Time-Dependent Immune Response: A Look into the Fifth Dimension in Biology
Authors: Rotnemer-Golinkin Dory , Ilan Yaron
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Individualized response to the immune triggers influences the course of immune-mediated diseases and the response to immunotherapies. Both inter- and intra-subject variations occur in time-dependent dynamics of biological systems. The present study aimed to establish a model for inherent personalized-time-dependent variability in response to immune triggers. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were administered concanavalin A (ConA) and followed every 2 h for 10 h and at 24 h for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Results: A marked intragroup variability was noted for both the timing of the effect of ConA, the magnitude of the increase in ALT levels, and the time to peak. While in some mice, a peak level was achieved, whereas a continuous increase in liver damage was noted in others. Four mice died at different time points during the study irrespective of their liver damage, further supporting the individualized-based response to the trigger. Conclusions: This feasibility study established a model for determining the personalized-inherent variability in a time-dependent response to the immune triggers. These results highlight the importance of considering both the time and the wide range of individualized variability in immune responses while designing personalized-based immunotherapies.
The Arbitrating Effects of Leadership, Equity, and Integrity on Employee’s Organizational Commitment – A study of Hotels in Jharkhand
Authors: Sharma Viveka Nand , Hans Arvind
Published: May 2022

Research Aims: Improve organizational commitment through leadership, organizational equity, and Integrity. Design/methodology/approach: A survey method with path analysis techniques to test the direct effect and use Sobel test to test the Arbitrating effect of variable variables: Leadership (X1), Equity (X2), and Integrity (X3), on the Organizational Commitment (Y) at Hotels in India. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The number of samples for the study was 123 respondents drawn from a population of 153 people. Research Findings: Leadership, organizational equity, and Integrity have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. That the variable that most affects organizational commitment is the Integrity variable. Whereas for testing the Arbitrating effect, the results obtained are Arbitrating effects of leadership on organizational commitment through Integrity, there is an Arbitrating effect of leadership on organizational commitment through equity, and there is an Arbitrating effect of organizational equity on organizational commitment through Integrity, with the number of Arbitrating effects. It was found that the Arbitrating effects of leadership through equity showed greater results than through Integrity. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The effect of leadership, equity, and Integrity to increase organizational commitment. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian context: A great organizational commitment from human resources in a hotel, management of hotel could improve the business and adapt in response to situation changes.

Research limitation & implications:  management of hotels should find a strategic point how to improve organizational commitment of their employees to their company.
The Utilisation of Waste Bamboo Shells as A Filler in The ACWC Mixture on Marshall Characteristics
Authors: Irwanto Taurina Jemmy , Setiawan Aldi , Mukti M. Hazin
Published: May 2022

Roads as transportation system infrastructure that are routinely used to support human activities every day must have adequate quality. The increase in the number of public and private vehicles results in the use of roads that continue to increase to the potential road damage if they do not have adequate quality. One of the factors of the quality of road infrastructure is the road pavement. This study is to examine the effects of bamboo shell powder as Filler on the ac-WC hot asphalt mixture on the characteristic value of Marshall. In this study we used Marshall Testing. This research was carried out in laboratories, starting from literature studies, material collection, material testing, determination of mixed plan asphalt levels, preparation and manufacture of test objects and Marshall testing. This study found bamboo shells to be one of the mixed materials in the hot asphalt mixture so that it becomes an asset for residents in the future.
The Kentucky Fried Chicken Integrated Marketing Communications Mix Strategy and Its Sales Revenue, Profitability, and Market Share
Authors: Guinto Arman L. , Alcantara Antonio N.
Published: May 2022

The main objective of the study was to assess the level of effectiveness of KFC integrated marketing communications (IMC) mix strategy and its correlation to the marketing outcomes. The study specifically aimed to answer the following: (1) Profile of the respondents – customers and managers; (2) Assessment of the respondents on the effectiveness of IMC mix strategy of KFC in terms of the following aspects: Personal Selling, Non-Personal Selling, Direct Selling, Sales Promotion, Advertising, and Public Relations; (3) To answer whether there is a difference on the assessment of customers and managers on the effectiveness of IMC mix strategy; (4) To answer whether there is a difference on the assessment of customers and managers on the effectiveness of KFC IMC mix strategy when they are grouped by common profile; (5) To answer whether there is a difference on the assessment of customers on the effectiveness of KFC IMC mix strategy when they are grouped by profile; and (6) To answer whether there is a relationship between KFC IMC mix strategy and marketing outcomes. The design of this study is descriptive research which is aiming to record, describe, analyze, interpret and compare the facts, data and information gathered through survey about the IMC mix strategy of selected KFC stores in Metro Manila, questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. A total of five hundred fifteen (515) respondents had chosen using convenience sampling, consisting of customers and managers. Results showed the respondents’ assessment on the effectiveness of IMC mix strategy of KFC, the most effective among the elements is public relations while the least is sales promotion, over-all the IMC mix strategy of KFC is effective.
Fala Menino! Ben e a Bisa!: estilos visuais e sonetos narrativos nas histórias em quadrinhos do artista Luís Augusto
Authors: Silva André Luiz Souza da
Published: May 2022

Trata na perspectiva da análise estrutural das histórias em quadrinhos, ao modo pensado por Eisner (2010) e Groensteen (2015), de algumas características emblemáticas da obra do baiano Luís Augusto Gouveia, autor das séries de quadrinhos Fala Menino! Ben e a Bisa. O objetivo é a identificação desses traços autorais presentes na sua produção e visíveis na composição gráfica dessa série em que podemos atribuir um estilo próprio a esse quadrinísta.
Strengthening US Food Policies and Programs to Promote Equity in Nutrition Security: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Thorndike Anne N. , Gardner Christopher D. , Kendrick Katherine Bishop , Seligman Hilary K. , Yaroch Amy L. , Gomes Aldrin V. , Ivy Kendra N. , Scarmo Stephanie , Cotwright Caree Jackson , Schwartz Marlene B. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee
Published: May 2022

Nutritionally inadequate dietary intake is a leading contributor to chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Differences in dietary quality contribute to socioeconomic and racial and ethnic health disparities. Food insecurity, a household-level social or economic condition of limited access to sufficient food, is a common cause of inadequate dietary intake. Although US food assistance policies and programs are designed to improve food security, there is growing consensus that they should have a broader focus on nutrition security. In this policy statement, we define nutrition security as an individual or household condition of having equitable and stable availability, access, affordability, and utilization of foods and beverages that promote well-being and prevent and treat disease. Despite existing policies and programs, significant gaps remain for achieving equity in nutrition security across the life span. We provide recommendations for expanding and improving current food assistance policies and programs to achieve nutrition security. These recommendations are guided by several overarching principles: emphasizing nutritional quality, improving reach, ensuring optimal utilization, improving coordination across programs, ensuring stability of access to programs across the life course, and ensuring equity and dignity for access and utilization. We suggest a critical next step will be to develop and implement national measures of nutrition security that can be added to the current US food security measures. Achieving equity in nutrition security will require coordinated and sustained efforts at the federal, state, and local levels. Future advocacy, innovation, and research will be needed to expand existing food assistance policies and programs and to develop and implement new policies and programs that will improve cardiovascular health and reduce disparities in chronic disease.
Targeted Suppression of miRNA-33 Using pHLIP Improves Atherosclerosis Regression
Authors: Zhang Xinbo , Rotllan Noemi , Canfrán-Duque Alberto , Sun Jonathan , Toczek Jakub , Moshnikova Anna , Malik Shipra , Price Nathan L. , Araldi Elisa , Zhong Wen , Sadeghi Mehran M. , Andreev Oleg A. , Bahal Raman , Reshetnyak Yana K. , Suárez Yajaira , Fernández-Hernando Carlos
Published: May 2022

Background:

miRNA therapeutics have gained attention during the past decade. These oligonucleotide treatments can modulate the expression of miRNAs in vivo and could be used to correct the imbalance of gene expression found in human diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. The in vivo efficacy of current anti-miRNA technologies hindered by physiological and cellular barriers to delivery into targeted cells and the nature of miRNAs that allows one to target an entire pathway that may lead to deleterious off-target effects. For these reasons, novel targeted delivery systems to inhibit miRNAs in specific tissues will be important for developing effective therapeutic strategies for numerous diseases including atherosclerosis.

Methods:

We used pH low-insertion peptide (pHLIP) constructs as vehicles to deliver microRNA-33-5p (miR-33) antisense oligonucleotides to atherosclerotic plaques. Immunohistochemistry and histology analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of miR-33 silencing in atherosclerotic lesions. We also assessed how miR-33 inhibition affects gene expression in monocytes/macrophages by single-cell RNA transcriptomics.

Results:

The anti-miR-33 conjugated pHLIP constructs are preferentially delivered to atherosclerotic plaque macrophages. The inhibition of miR-33 using pHLIP-directed macrophage targeting improves atherosclerosis regression by increasing collagen content and decreased lipid accumulation within vascular lesions. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed higher expression of fibrotic genes (
Col2a1, Col3a1, Col1a2, Fn1
, etc) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (
Timp3
) and downregulation of
Mmp12
in macrophages from atherosclerotic lesions targeted by pHLIP-anti-miR-33.

Conclusions:

This study provides proof of principle for the application of pHLIP for treating advanced atherosclerosis via pharmacological inhibition of miR-33 in macrophages that avoid the deleterious effects in other metabolic tissues. This may open new therapeutic opportunities for atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular diseases via selective delivery of other protective miRNAs.
Taxonomical remarks on Promenaea microptera (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): the rediscovery of a poorly known micro-endemic orchid from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: FAJARDO V. A. BARBERENA FELIPE , RODRIGUES GASTIN JORGE , DE CAMARGO SMIDT ERIC
Published: May 2022

N/A
A new species of Passiflora section Dysosmia (Passifloraceae s.s.) from the Atlantic Forest, southeast Brazil
Authors: MORAES ANDREZA M. , MILWARD-DE-AZEVEDO MICHAELE A. , FARIA ANA PAULA G. DE
Published: May 2022

Passiflora caparaoensis, a new species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae s.s.), is described and illustrated from the northern portion of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This new species is similar to P. campanulata in having a villous stem, hirsute petioles and sepals, 3-lobed leaf blades, sepals and bracts with central vein, aristate at apex and triseriate corona. However, it is clearly distinguishable by the absence of glands in petioles, stipules with one central vein, aristate at apex, slightly dentate and gland-tipped at margin, with sparse indument abaxially and glabrous adaxially, corona filaments white with vinaceous to purple bands, and glabrous ovary and fruit. A taxonomic key to the similar species of P. section Dysosmia in the Serra da Mantiqueira is provided, based on flower and vegetative characters.
A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the salamanders (Urodela) from Holbrook’s North American Herpetology
Authors: PYRON R. ALEXANDER , BEAMER DAVID A.
Published: May 2022

John Edwards Holbrook published North American Herpetology in 11 volumes from 1836–1842, authoring the first accounts of numerous amphibians and reptiles from the eastern and central United States, including 32 salamanders (Urodela). We reviewed these and located 51 extant salamander specimens from Holbrook in the Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia), Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge), and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), six of which are types. We identified four other specimens figured by Holbrook in the MNHN and National Museum of Natural History (Washington), all of which are types from descriptions by other authors. We designate lectotypes for S. porpyhritica Green, 1827 (USNM 3840; reversing neotype MCZ A-35778), Salamandra gutto-lineata Holbrook, 1838a (ANSP 716), S. auriculata Holbrook, 1838b (MNHN-RA 0.4675), S. maculo-quadrata Holbrook, 1840 (ANSP 821), S. granulata De Kay in Holbrook, 1842e (USNM 3981), S. quadridigitata Holbrook, 1842e (ANSP 490; reversing neotype UF 178833), and Plethodon variolosum Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854 (MNHN-RA 0.4666). Allocation of S. auriculata Holbrook, 1838b, S. “Haldemani” Holbrook, 1840, and P. variolosum Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854 is still ambiguous. We consider S. maculo-quadrata Holbrook, 1840 to be a junior subjective synonym of S. fusca Green, 1818; no valid name has ever been applied to Black-bellied Salamanders (Desmognathus sp. “quadramaculatus”) at the species level, and up to five candidate species require new names. Additional discoveries of data and specimens pertaining to Holbrook’s names may remain to be made among his surviving papers and collections.
The Color Origin and Evaluation of Natural Colored Diamonds
Authors: Liu Fu-Kang , Guo Ying , Zhao Bei , Li Xiang
Published: May 2022

Diamond is widely concerned and loved by people due to its rarity, beauty and beautiful implication in love. Color is very important in colored diamonds’ evaluation, and diamonds are extremely colorful. Scholars have done some researches on the color origin of colored diamonds, but the types of diamonds studied are not comprehensive, and the influence of these color origins on diamonds’ color evaluation has not been systematically clarified. Therefore, this paper focuses on the color of diamonds, arranges a large number of documents, and systematically summarizes and discusses the color and evaluation of colored diamonds. Firstly, the five color systems on which the description of diamond color depends, including principles, advantages and limitations, are described and compared. Then, the types and action mechanism of all color origins of colored diamonds are expounded in detail and comprehensively. In addition, the influence of factors other than the characteristics of diamond itself on diamond’s color evaluation are discussed, including cutting, fluorescence and phosphorescence. Finally, the intelligent color evaluation of colored diamonds is prospected, which will be widely used in the future. And this review will provide reference for the color evaluation of other colored gemstones.
Prevention Activity of a New Heterocycle Compound from Isatis indigotica on Hypotension After Anesthesia and Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence
Authors: Xu Pei-Pei , Shi Ying-Na
Published: May 2022

During the operation, the use of anesthetics or analgesics and bleeding will cause hypotension on patients, thus seriously threatening the patient’s life and safety. Isatis indigotica is utilized as traditional drug, which is an important medicinal herb with various biological
activities because of the presence of different secondary metabolites. The role of a new compound extracted from Isatis indigotica on hypotension after anesthesia was determined, and the internal principle was discussed simultaneously. At first, operation under anesthesia was carried
out, the compound was administered for treatment, and the blood pressure level of the mice was measured. In addition, real time RT-PCR was conducted, and the expression level of α receptor expression on peripheral vascular endothelial cells was measured. Additionally, the neighbor-joining
phylogenetic results manifested that I. indigotica and Raphanus sativus clustered with other related categories.
Insulin-Loaded Polyurethane Tubes for Urethra Reconstruction: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Li Youfang , Zhang Pei , Jiang Jing , Duan Lining , Jalili Saman
Published: May 2022

High demand for urethra tissue grafts and their low availability has driven efforts to engineer these constructs In Vitro. Inspired by the regenerative functions of insulin, a bioactive artificial urethra was developed via electrospinning of polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol
solutions for sustained delivery of this hormone. Insulin was loaded into polyvinyl alcohol solution and co-electrospun with polyurethane solution via a double nozzle electrospinning device. The produced sheets were rolled up and shaped into tube-like structures. Various experiments were used
for characterization of the produced urethra. Cell culture studies showed that the produced sheets were biocompatible with human urothelial cells and supported their adhesion and proliferation. Gene expression analysis showed that human urothelial cells cultured on insulin-delivering scaffolds
had the highest relative gene expression for VEGF, b-FGF, and TGF-β genes; while, they significantly reduced fibrosis associate genes such as Collagen type I, Collagen type III, and elastin. This preliminary research suggests potential applicability of insulin-loaded Polyurethane/PVA
scaffolds in urethra reconstruction.
Effect of Mesoporous Silica-Encapsulated Dexamethasone-Loaded na-HAp on the Property and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Guan Yun , Lu Haibing , Ma Ming , Yan Yanhong , Jiang Beizhan
Published: May 2022

Effective pulp-capping materials should possess properties to induce the formation of reparative dentin to preserve vital dental pulp. However, many current biomaterials ignore the anti-inflammatory effect during pulp capping treatment. In this study, dexamethasone (DEX) was used as
an anti-inflammatory and osteogenic drug, and was encapsulated by mesoporous silica-loaded nanohydroxyapatite (na-HAp) to form MSN@na-HAp-DEX. The characteristics of MSN@na-HAp-DEX, its effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) viability, anti-inflammatory, differentiation induction
were examined. MSN@na-HAp-DEX presented a typical core–shell structure with a nanosize and a large specific surface area and was successfully loaded with DEX. The hDPSCs exposed to MSN@na-HAp-DEX showed good cell viability at three days and stronger ALP activity with more calcium deposition
in vitro. In addition, the expression of odontogenesis-related genes exposed to MSN@na-HAp-DEX were significantly upregulated and the expression of inflammatory genes were significantly downregulated in vitro. Meanwhile, MSN@na-HAp-DEX showed good cytocompatibility and induced
mineralized tissue to preserve the dental pulp in a direct pulp-capping model in rat. This novel direct pulp capping nanomaterial loading DEX is expected to an alternative for conventional materials.
A Review of Quality Improvement Process Measures for Colorectal Surgery in the United States Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database - Have We Made Progress?
Authors: McAtee Erin E. , Talukder Asif M. , Davenport Daniel L. , Bhakta Avinash S. , Patel Jitesh A.
Published: May 2022

Numerous guidelines have been published regarding Enhanced Recovery Programs (ERP) following colorectal surgery over the past decade. Participation in these guidelines at a national level is unclear. We hypothesize that the adaptation of ERP for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery is limited but the use of quality improvement measures has increased and while outcomes have improved over the past several years. A total of 86 402 patients were evaluated undergoing elective colectomy between 2013-2018 using the ACS-NSQIP database. Over a 5-year period, there was a significant increase in the use of quality improvement process measures: mechanical and oral bowel preparation and minimally invasive approach. During this time, there was a significant decrease in overall perioperative morbidities (P <.001). These encouraging results from a large national database suggest that evidence-based, quality improvement guidelines are being embraced and that overall outcomes for patients undergoing elective colectomy are improving.
Delayed Presentation of First Rib Osteomyelitis Following Trauma
Authors: Calvillo-Ortiz Rodrigo , Dunlap Eleanor , Kennedy Aidan , Nagarsheth Khanjan H.
Published: May 2022

Rib osteomyelitis can be caused by a contiguous infection after a traumatic fracture. Post traumatic osteomyelitis can present as chronic six or more weeks after bone infection. However, this patient developed first rib osteomyelitis 17 years after trauma, following the initiation of anticoagulation therapy. 17 years ago, a 55-year-old male patient was in a motor vehicle collision. He was diagnosed with a left first rib fracture and an internal carotid dissection. He subsequently underwent a left subclavian central venous catheter placement. His rib fracture was managed nonoperatively and the carotid dissection was treated with endovascular stent placement. He now presents with symptomatic carotid stent stenosis which is treated with anti-platelet and anticoagulation therapy. He then developed a hematoma over the old rib fracture, and subsequently developed acute osteomyelitis. As seen here, a remote history of traumatic first rib fracture remains a risk factor for osteomyelitis despite the passage of time.
The Evolving Political Marketplace: Revisiting 60 Years of Theoretical Dominance Through a Review of Corporate Political Activity Scholarship in Business & Society and Major Management Journals
Authors: Lenway Stefanie , Schuler Douglas , Marens Richard , Werner Timothy , Green Colby
Published: May 2022

We review articles about corporate political activity (CPA) published in Business & Society since its beginnings 60 years ago and in a set of other leading management journals over the past decade. We present evidence that most studies of CPA use the political markets’ perspective. Under the premise that the contemporary political environment has changed significantly since the inception of the political markets’ perspective, our review asks two interconnected questions. First, to what degree have changes in the political environment challenged the ability of the political markets’ perspective to understand the pillars of politics: issues, institutions, interests, and information? Second, to what degree have CPA scholars augmented or diversified their theoretical arguments to accommodate these changes in the political environment? We document the CPA literature across these dimensions and questions and note that many scholars are already adopting other theories side by side with the political markets’ perspective.
Supply of labour during early industrialisation: Agricultural systems, textile factory work and gender in Japan and India, ca. 1880–1940
Authors: Dixit Aditi , van Nederveen Meerkerk Elise
Published: May 2022

This article explores the reasons behind the marked differences in the gender division of labour in the emerging textile factories in Japan and India in the first half of the twentieth century. In Japan, the overwhelming majority of the workers in spinning mills were young, unmarried women, while in India men—married as well as unmarried—formed the bulk of the factory textile workforce. We argue that variations in agrarian systems and labour regimes constitute an important set of factors explaining some of these differences in gender patterns. The structural differences in the productivity, intensity and the social organisation of labour in agricultural economies in both countries led to notable variances in the gender composition of the supply of (rural) labour for the factories. Differential deployment of rural farm and non-farm labour, in combination with distinct labour recruitment practices in the countryside, caused rural households to adopt radically different income-generating strategies.
Being A Hemodialysis Nurse During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Yıldırım Keskin Alev , Şentürk Sibel
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to research the experiences of hemodialysis nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was designed with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The study was conducted with a total of 18 hemodialysis nurses. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the content analysis, six themes were determined. These were (I) encountering COVID-19, (II) social isolation, (III) difficulty maintaining nursing care, (IV) organizational issues, (V) professionalism, and (VI) coping methods. The research revealed that hemodialysis nurses experienced difficulties in their family lives, social lives, working environment and patient treatment during the pandemic. It was concluded that hemodialysis nurses need support physically and psychologically to cope with the fear of death, anxiety, exhaustion, and fatigue that they have experienced while working selflessly and vigorously with a small number of teams.
Evaluation of the optimal duration for retrograde intrarenal stone surgery to prevent postoperative complications
Authors: Yitgin Yasin , Altınkaya Nurullah , Turaliev Nurmanbet , Guven Selcuk , Ergul Rifat Burak , Boyuk Abubekir , Verep Samed , Tefik Tzevat , Karagoz Mehmet Ali , Ibis Muhammed Arif , Gokce Mehmet Ilker , Sarıca Kemal
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) outcomes and to determine the effect of operative time on complications of RIRS.

Methods

Patients undergoing RIRS for renal stones were evaluated. These patients were divided into two groups according to the operation time (Group 1<60 minutes and Group 2>60 minutes). Peroperative outcomes such as fluoroscopy time, stone-free rates, complications and duration of hospitalization were compared.

Results

Group 1 consisted of 264 patients and Group 2 consisted of 297 patients. SFR rates, duration of hospitalization, and postoperative urinary tract infection rates were similar in both groups. Fluoroscopy time was 7.8±7.3 (0-49) sec in group 1 and 13.1±9.8 (0-81) sec in group 2. Complications according to modified Clavien–Dindo classification system (MCDCS) were 13 and 32 patients (Grade 1), 31 and 63 patients (Grade 2), 1 and 1 patient (Grade 3) in group 1 and 2, respectively. There was statistical difference between the two groups in terms of duration of fluoroscopy time and the MCDCS. Although duration of hospitalization and UTI rates were higher in group 2, no statistical significance was observed among groups.

Conclusion

Limiting the operation time to 60 minutes in RIRS seems to be important in reducing postoperative complications.
José Carlos Mariátegui and Twenty-first-Century Socialism: Recovery and Renewal
Authors: Munck Ronaldo
Published: May 2022

As Latin America entered the turn to the left, there was a recovery and renewal of the work of José Carlos Mariátegui. The “practical socialism” that he advocated and led in the course of a short but brilliant political career (basically, the 1920s) has much to teach us today if set in its proper historical context and not reduced to catchphrases. Mariátegui was, arguably, the first Marxist in Latin America, and his open, imaginative, transgressive, and energizing writings may well illuminate our paths in the 2020s. His was not a Marxist catechism but a living Marxism. What we can take from Mariátegui is a grounded Marxism—devoid of all theoreticisms—that, understood in its historical context, may point toward a period of renewal after the seeming collapse of the left project to build a twenty-first-century socialism.

A medida que América Latina dio un giro izquierdista se produjo una recuperación y renovación de la obra de José Carlos Mariátegui. El “socialismo práctico” que él defendió y dirigió durante su corta pero brillante carrera política (básicamente, la década de 1920) tiene mucho que enseñarnos hoy si se mira en su contexto histórico adecuado y no se reduce a frases hechas. Mariátegui fue, posiblemente, el primer marxista latinoamericano y sus escritos abiertos, imaginativos, transgresores y llenos de energía bien pueden iluminar nuestro camino en la década de 2020. El suyo no era un catecismo marxista sino un marxismo vivo. Lo que podemos tomar de Mariátegui es un marxismo fundamentado, desprovisto de todo teoricismo que, entendido en su contexto histórico, puede apuntar hacia un período de renovación después del aparente colapso del proyecto de izquierda para construir un socialismo del siglo XXI.
The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data
Authors: Chamanza Ronnie , Naylor Stuart W. , Gregori Michela , Boyle Molly , Pereira Bacares Marcia E. , Drevon-Gaillot Elodie , Romeike Annette , Courtney Cynthia , Johnson Kelsey , Turner Julie , Swierzawski Nadine , Sharma Alok K.
Published: May 2022

To investigate the influence of geographical origin, age, and sex on toxicologically relevant spontaneous histopathology findings in cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis), we performed a comparative analysis of historical control data (HCD) from 13 test sites that included 3351 animals (1645 females and 1706 males) sourced from Mauritius, China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, aged from 2 to 9.5 years, and from 446 toxicology studies evaluated between 2016 and 2021. The most common findings were mononuclear infiltrates in the kidney, liver, brain, and lung, which showed highest incidences in Mauritian macaques, and heart, salivary glands, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which showed highest incidences of mononuclear infiltrates in mainland Asian macaques. Developmental and degenerative findings were more common in Mauritian macaques, while lymphoid hyperplasia and lung pigment showed higher incidences in Asian macaques. Various sex and age-related differences were also present. Despite origin-related differences, the similarities in the nature and distribution of background lesions indicate that macaques from all geographical regions are suitable for toxicity testing and show comparable lesion spectrum. However, in a toxicity study, it is strongly recommended to use animals from a single geographical origin and to follow published guidelines when using HCD to evaluate and interpretate commonly diagnosed spontaneous lesions.
Pulsatile versus non-pulsatile perfusion in coronary artery bypass operation: The comparison of laboratory and clinical outcomes
Authors: Shahandashti Farshad Jalili , Asadian Sanaz , Habibi Neda , Gorjipour Farhad , Jalali Amirhossein , Toloueitabar Yaser
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The superiority of pulsatile or non-pulsatile perfusion in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) regarding morbidity and mortality is still debated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of different pulse rates in pulsatile perfusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and compared it with non-pulsatile perfusion.

Materials and Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, 90 patients who were all candidates for CABG under CPB were enrolled. Patients in groups A and B received pulsatile perfusion with 30 and 70 pulses per minute, and group C received non-pulsatile perfusion. The biochemical and clinical parameters in the ICU were evaluated in the study groups.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between patients' clinical outcomes and kidney and liver function markers (all Ps> 0.05). Mean serum lactate level increased but did not show a statistically significant difference between the study groups ( p = 0.8). The mean urine volume at 12 and 24 h after surgery was higher in group A, but there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups during the study period ( p = 0.3). No significant difference was found in the length of the ICU stay between the study groups ( p = 0.2).

Conclusion

Our studied parameters demonstrated no significant difference between pulsatile and non-pulsatile and between 30 and 70 pulse rate pulsatile perfusion methods. Our findings support that pulsatile perfusion with different pulse rates has no advantages over non-pulsatile perfusion in selected CABG cases.