bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF A PENTARIBONUCLEOSIDE TETRAPHOSPHATE CONSTITUTING THE 3′‐ACCEPTOR STEM SEQUENCE OF E. COLI TRNAILE USING 2′‐O‐(3‐METHOXY‐1,5‐DICARBOMETHOXYPENTAN‐3‐YL)‐RIBONUCLEOSIDE BUILDING BLOCKS. APPLICATION OF A NEW ACHIRAL AND ACID‐LABILE 2′‐HYDROXYL PROTECTING GROUP I TRNA SYNTHESIS
Authors: SANDSTROEM A. + , KWIATKOWSKI M. , CHATTOPADHYAYA J.
Published: May 2016

Eine Synthese des Pentaribonucleotid‐Fragments (XI), das den Resten 59‐63 des 3′‐Terminus von E. coli‐tRNAIIe entspricht, wird unter Verwendung einer neuen, leicht zugänglichen achiralen Ketoschutzgruppe (‐(A)) für die 2′‐Funktion durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PASSIVATION OF IRON‐CARBON ALLOYS IN ACIDIC PHOSPHATE SOLUTION AND ITS RELATION TO STRESS CORROSION CRACKING
Authors: FLIS J.
Published: May 2016

Chemmt die Passivierung von Fein l M NaH2PO4 (pI‐l 4, 25°C) und vermindert Schutzwirkung und Stabilität des Passivfilms, während die Bildung von Fe3O4 und wahrscheinlich γ‐FeOOI‐Igefördert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: FULVENES WITH INVERSE RING POLARIZATION. 15. (8 + 2) CYCLOADDITION OF ELECTRON‐RICH HEPTAFULVENES: RANGE OF APPLICATION AND STEREOCHEMISTRY
Authors: DAUB J. , HIRMER G. , JAKOB L. , MAAS G. , PICKL W. , PIRZER E. , RAPP K. M.
Published: May 2016

Fulvene mit inverser Ringpolarisation.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM HYDROGEN DIFLUORIDE: A NEW SOURCE OF FLUORIDE ION
Authors: BROWN S. J. , CLARK J. H.
Published: May 2016

Mit dem Phosphoniumhydrogendifluorid (I) lassen sich die Halogenide (II), (IV) und (VI) zu den Fluoriden (III), (V) und (V′II) substituieren.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED AROMATIC AMINATION OF ARYL HALIDES BY MEANS OF AMINOTIN COMPOUNDS
Authors: KOSUGI M. , KAMEYAMA M. , SANO H. , MIGITA T.
Published: May 2016

Diethylaminotributylstannan (I) liefert in Gegenwart des Pd‐Kom‐ 4 plexes (III) mit Arylbromiden (II) die N,N‐Diethylaniline (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DESIGN OF A KEY SYNTHON FOR DODECAHEDRANE: (C2V)‐C12‐TETRAQUINANEDIONE
Authors: MEHTA G. , NAIR M. S.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von den leicht zugänglichen Verbindungen (I) und (II) erhält man auf dem im Formelschema beschriebenen Weg das Diendion (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF CYCLOADDITION OF HETEROAROMATIC N‐YLIDES. SELECTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE ANTI AND SYN YLIDES
Authors: TSUGE O. , KANEMASA S. , TAKENAKA S.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Pyridiniumylid (I) und Fumardinitril (IIa) erhält man ein Gemisch der beiden Stereoisomeren (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: MOLECULAR RECEPTORS. SYNTHESIS, X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CROWN ETHERS BEARING AN INTRAANNULAR PHENOLIC GROUP
Authors: BROWNE C. M. , FERGUSON G. , MCKERVEY M. A. , MULHOLLAND D. L. , O'CONNOR T. , PARVEZ M.
Published: May 2016

Makrocyclische Polyether (IV) mit einer 1,3‐Xylyl‐Untereinheit und einer intraannularen phenolischen Gruppe werden wie angegeben synthetisiert, um den Einfluß der benachbarten O‐Atome des Kronenethers auf das chemische Verhalten eines intraannularen Substituenten und umgekehrt den Einfluß dieses Substituenten auf die Bindungseigenschaften des Makrocyclus zu untersuchen.
ChemInform Abstract: SILA PERFUMES AND ISOSTERIC COMPOUNDS OF PERFUMES, 8. α‐FORMYLPROPENYLSILANES AS MODEL SUBSTANCES FOR SILA‐β‐CYCLOCITRAL
Authors: MUENSTEDT R. + , WANNAGAT U.
Published: May 2016

Die wie aufgezeigt dargestellten 1‐Brom‐2‐methyl‐1‐trialkylsilylpropene (III) reagieren sowohl nach Überführung in die 1,3‐Dithianyl‐(2)‐Derivate (IV) und deren Hydrolyse in Gegenwart von HgC12/CdCO3 als auch nach Grignardierung zu (VI) und dessen Reaktion mit 2‐(Formylmethylamino)‐pyridin zu den Titelverbindungen (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: (PHTHALOCYANINATO)IRON(II)‐ AND ‐RUTHENIUM(II) COMPOUNDS WITH ISOCYANIDES AS AXIAL LIGANDS
Authors: KEPPELER U. , KOBEL W. , SIEHL H.‐U. , HANACK M.
Published: May 2016

Phthalocyaninato‐eisen(II) und ‐ruthenium(Il) (I) reagieren mit aliphatischen und aromatischen einzähnigen Isocyaniden (II) in 20fachem Überschuß in Lösung bzw. in der Schmelze zu den luftstabilen Titelkomplexen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW PHOSPHORYLATING AGENT, 2,6‐DICHLOROPHENYL 5‐CHLORO‐8‐QUINOLYL PHOSPHOROCHLORIDATE. ITS APPLICATION IN DEOXYRIBOOLIGONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS BY THE PHOSPHOTRIESTER APPROACH
Authors: TSUCHIYA H. , UEDA S. , KOBAYASHI H. , TAKAKU H.
Published: May 2016

Das Phosphorsäureesterdichlorid (I) wird mit dem Chlor‐hydroxy‐chinolin (II) und den geschützten Desoxyribosen (III) zu den Phosphorylierungsagentien (IV) umsetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON TRANSFER‐CATALYZED DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF ELECTRON‐RICH DIENOPHILES UNDER PHOTOCHEMICAL INITIATION
Authors: MLCOCH J. , STECKHAN E.
Published: May 2016

Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen lassen sich über einen Elektronentransfer‐Kettenmechanismus katalysieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SMALL RINGS. PART 56. CARROUSEL REARRANGEMENT IN THE 1,2,3,4‐TETRA‐TERT‐BUTYLHYDROXYCYCLOBUTENYLIUM ION
Authors: MAIER G. , EMRICH R. , KALINOWSKI H.‐O.
Published: May 2016

Bei der oxidativen Ringöffnung des Tetrahedrans (I) entstehen Cyclobutenylium‐Salze, für deren Kation aufgrund der Temp.‐Abhängigkeit der 1H‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Spektren ein Gleichgewicht zwischen (II) z: (III) 2 (IV) postuliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF IMIDOYL CHLORIDES WITH SILVER NITRITE AND SILVER NITRATE. A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF N‐NITROSO AND N‐NITRO AMIDES USING IMIDATE ESTER METHODOLOGY
Authors: DE CARVALHO E. , NORBERTO F. , ROSA E. , ILEY J. , PATEL P.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelreaktion wird als neues Verfahren zur Darstellung nitrosierter bzw. nitrierter Amide vorgestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: HALOGEN ABSTRACTION BY TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OF PERFLUORODIAZADICHLOROALKANES CONTAINING N‐CCL2‐N GROUPS. X‐RAY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF PERFLUORO‐2,3,5,6‐TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMINO)PYRAZINE
Authors: BRAUER D. J. , BUERGER H. + , PAWELKE G.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung des Imidazolidin‐Derivates (III) mit Triphenylphosphin (II) liefert das bicyclische Olefin (I), in Gegenwart von Wasser entsteht dagegen das Imidazolidin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: MERCURIC ACETATE CYCLIZATION OF 4‐(ARYLMETHYL)PIPERIDINES: SYNTHESIS OF INDOLO(2,3‐G)MORPHANS (TETRACYCLIC RING SYSTEM OF STRYCHNOS INDOLE ALKALOIDS) AND 7,8‐BENZOMORPHANS
Authors: BOSCH J. , BONJOCH J. , DIEZ A. , LINARES A. , MORAL M. , RUBIRALTA M.
Published: May 2016

Während in der Indolreihe eine glatte Cyclisierung der Vorstufen (VI) [Darstellung gemäß Formelschema aus (I)] zu den Zielverbindungen (VII) erfolgt, beeinflussen die Substituenten von Arylpiperidinen maßgeblich den Verlauf der Hg(OAc)2‐Oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROORGANOCADMIUM COMPOUNDS AS VERY EFFICIENT PERFLUOROALKYLATION AND PERFLUOROPHENYLATION AGENTS FOR PREPARATION OF PERFLUOROORGANOTIN AND ‐LEAD COMPOUNDS
Authors: LANGE H. , NAUMANN D.
Published: May 2016

Durch die Umsetzung der Perfluororgano‐Cadmium‐Derivate (I) mit Trimethylzinn‐ bzw. ‐bleitrifluoracetat (II) erhält man die Organozinn‐ bzw. ‐blei‐ Verbindungen (III) neben dem Acetat (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Red Form of Bis(1,10‐phenanthroline)dithiocyanatoiron(II).
Authors: SAVAGE S. , ZHOU J.‐L. , MADDOCK A. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Neuuntersuchung mittels IR‐, 1H‐NMR‐ und Mößbauer‐spektroskopischer Untersuchungen sowie magnetischer und Leitfähigkeitsmessungen der nach Schilt in wäßriger Lösung dargestellten Titelverbindung ergibt ihre Formulierung als (I).
ChemInform Abstract: MIXED‐LIGAND COMPLEXES OF COBALT(III) WITH PHENANTHROLINE AND PICOLINIC ACID. PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND SOME PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: PAVLOVSKII V. I. , POZNYAK A. L.
Published: May 2016

Die aus Co(II)‐chlorid, Picolinsäure und Phenanthrolin bei anschließender Oxidation durch PbO2 und Luft‐O, gebildeten Komplexe (I), (II) und (III) werden über Ionenaustauscher als Perchlorate isoliert; die Trennung der Isomeren (II) und (III) erfolgt durch fraktionierte Kristallisation.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF ENAMIDES. PART 24. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐ISOFUMIGACLAVINE B AND (.+‐.)‐LYSERGIC ACID
Authors: NINOMIYA I. , HASHIMOTO C. , KIGUCHI T. , NAITO T.
Published: May 2016

Durch reduktive Photocyclisierung des Amids (IV) erhält man ein Diastereomerengemisch der Pentacyclen (V); das Hauptprodukt (Va) wird anschließend in die cis‐Diole (VIII) (3 :2‐Gemisch ungewisser Zuordnung) gibergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS AT SILICON CENTERS BEARING THE BULKY TRIS(PHENYLDIMETHYLSILYL)METHYL LIGAND
Authors: EABORN C. , MANSOUR A. I.
Published: May 2016

Metallierung der Si‐Verbindung (I) und nachfolgende Substitutionsreaktion geben die Derivate (IV) bzw. (V) (mit einer Reihe von anderen Organosiliciumverbindungen wie z.B. Trimethylsilylchlorid erfolgen jedoch keine Reaktionen); aus (Vb) sind weiter die Halogenderivate (VIa)‐(VIc) zugänglich, von denen (VIa) mit verschiedenen Reagentien wie im Formelschema aufgeführt unter Bildung von Verbindungen (VId)‐(VIj) bzw. (VIII) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF HYDRIDO(η1‐ALLYL)‐ AND HYDRIDO(η3‐ALLYL)IRIDIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: MCGHEE W. D. , BERGMAN R. G.
Published: May 2016

Der Versuch, den aus [η5‐C5Me5IrCl2]2 und Allyl‐MgCl synthetisierten Chloro‐η3‐allyl‐Komplex (I) durch sukzessive Umsetzung mit Trimethylphosphin und Hydrid in das Phosphin‐substituierte η1‐Allylhydrid (VI) überzuführen, bleibt erfolglos.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE RIBOSIDE ANALOG OF THE PYRIMIDINE ADDUCT FORMED IN THE REACTION BETWEEN THE CARCINOGEN N‐HYDROXY‐N‐2‐ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE AND DNA
Authors: ROBILLARD B. , LHOMME M. F. , LHOMME J.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese des Ribosids (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: 3H‐AZEPINES AND RELATED SYSTEMS. PART 3. MONO‐ AND BIS‐2‐ALKOXY‐3H‐AZEPINE‐3‐CARBOXYLATES AND ‐3‐CARBOXAMIDES BY PHOTOLYSIS OF MONO‐ AND DI‐O‐AZIDOBENZOYL DERIVATIVES OF GLYCOLS AND DIAMINES. SOME ACYCLIC CROWN ETHER ANALOGS
Authors: AZADI‐ARDAKANI M. , SALEM S. M. , SMALLEY R. K. , PATEL D. I.
Published: May 2016

Die im Formelschema aufgeführten o‐Azidobenzoesäurederivate [(IVb) und (IVc) reagieren im Gegensatz zu (IVa) nur zu Harzen] werden in Gegenwart von Alkoholen bestrahlt.
Effects of particle shape and size distribution on the overall fluid‐solid reaction rates of particle assemblages
Authors: Cho Jaehun , Sohn Hong Yong
Published: May 2016

The effect of particle size distribution on fluid‐solid reaction kinetics was evaluated for particle assemblages made up of particles of different shapes. The most commonly used size distributions, the Gate‐Gaudin‐Schuhmann (GGS) distribution, the Rosin‐Rammler‐Bennett (RRB) distribution, and the Gamma distribution, were chosen. The effects of the following factors were simulated: the shrinking unreacted‐core reaction mechanism, rate‐controlled either by interface reaction or pore diffusion; the three basic particle shapes; and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the size distributions. It was shown in this work that the effect of size distribution can be represented by the CV value regardless of the type of distribution, which makes the analysis convenient. The results show that the reaction kinetics progressively deviates from those of uniform particles as the CV value increases and the particle shape deviates from spherical toward flat. Additionally, pore diffusion‐controlled kinetics tends to deviate more than interface reaction‐controlled kinetics under the same CV value. For spherical particles under the two rate‐controlling mechanisms, the effect of particle distribution for GGS on the kinetics is insignificant for CV values up to 0.5. For the RRB and Gamma distributions, the effect is tolerable up to the CV value of 0.75.
Biarylalkyl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Novel Antischistosomal Agents
Authors: Mäder Patrick , Blohm Ariane S. , Quack Thomas , Lange‐Grünweller Kerstin , Grünweller Arnold , Hartmann Roland K. , Grevelding Christoph G. , Schlitzer Martin
Published: May 2016

Parasitic platyhelminths are responsible for serious infectious diseases, such as schistosomiasis, which affect humans as well as animals across vast regions of the world. The drug arsenal available for the treatment of these diseases is limited; for example, praziquantel is the only drug currently used to treat ≥240 million people each year infected with Schistosoma spp., and there is justified concern about the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, we screened biarylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives for their antischistosomal activity against S. mansoni. These compounds showed significant influence on egg production, pairing stability, and vitality. Tegumental lesions or gut dilatation was also observed. Substitution of the terminal phenyl residue in the biaryl scaffold with a 3‐hydroxy moiety and derivatization of the terminal carboxylic acid scaffold with carboxamides yielded compounds that displayed significant antischistosomal activity at concentrations as low as 10 μm with satisfying cytotoxicity values. The present study provides detailed insight into the structure–activity relationships of biarylalkyl carboxylic acid derivatives and thereby paves the way for a new drug‐hit moiety for fighting schistosomiasis.
Fine‐needle aspiration of soft tissue perineurioma: A comparative analysis of cytomorphology and immunohistochemistry with benign and malignant mimics
Authors: Yang Eric J. , Hornick Jason L. , Qian Xiaohua
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Soft tissue perineurioma (STP) is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor demonstrating uniform perineurial cell differentiation. To the authors' knowledge, the cytomorphologic features of STP remain incompletely characterized, and the distinction between STP and its benign (intramuscular/cellular myxoma) and malignant (low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma [LGFMS]) mimics is challenging.

METHODS

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA)/core needle biopsies of 25 low‐grade myxoid spindle cell neoplasm cases including STP (5 cases), intramuscular/cellular myxoma (16 cases), and LGFMS (4 cases) were reviewed retrospectively for cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic comparison.

RESULTS

FNA smears of STP were hypocellular with scattered clusters of spindle cells with bland, slender nuclei; bipolar cytoplasmic processes; and scant myxoid to collagenous matrix. STP commonly lacked the abundant granular myxoid matrix material present in intramuscular/cellular myxoma (20% in STP vs 75% in intramuscular/cellular myxoma; P <.05), but these tumors were otherwise remarkably found to be similar on FNA smears. All STP and intramuscular/cellular myxoma cases lacked cytologic atypia, whereas 50% of LGFMS cases demonstrated mild nuclear atypia. EMA was positive in all STPs, but also was found to be at least focally positive in 60% of intramuscular/cellular myxoma cases (9 of 15 cases) and 75% of LGFMS cases (3 of 4 cases). MUC4 was found to be negative in all 15 intramuscular/cellular myxoma and 5 STP cases, but was positive in all 4 LGFMS cases.

CONCLUSIONS

STP, intramuscular/cellular myxoma, and LGFMS have significant cytomorphologic overlap. Immunohistochemical staining with EMA is not beneficial due to a lack of specificity. Negative MUC4 staining reliably excludes LGFMS. Therefore, a clinically meaningful approach to the FNA biopsy evaluation of a low‐grade myxoid spindle cell neoplasm is to provide a differential diagnosis and to exclude a low‐grade sarcoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:651–8. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Patient‐specific parameter estimation in single‐ventricle lumped circulation models under uncertainty
Authors: Schiavazzi Daniele E. , Baretta Alessia , Pennati Giancarlo , Hsia Tain‐Yen , Marsden Alison L.
Published: May 2016

Computational models of cardiovascular physiology can inform clinical decision‐making, providing a physically consistent framework to assess vascular pressures and flow distributions, and aiding in treatment planning. In particular, lumped parameter network (LPN) models that make an analogy to electrical circuits offer a fast and surprisingly realistic method to reproduce the circulatory physiology. The complexity of LPN models can vary significantly to account, for example, for cardiac and valve function, respiration, autoregulation, and time‐dependent hemodynamics. More complex models provide insight into detailed physiological mechanisms, but their utility is maximized if one can quickly identify patient specific parameters. The clinical utility of LPN models with many parameters will be greatly enhanced by automated parameter identification, particularly if parameter tuning can match non‐invasively obtained clinical data. We present a framework for automated tuning of 0D lumped model parameters to match clinical data. We demonstrate the utility of this framework through application to single ventricle pediatric patients with Norwood physiology. Through a combination of local identifiability, Bayesian estimation and maximum a posteriori simplex optimization, we show the ability to automatically determine physiologically consistent point estimates of the parameters and to quantify uncertainty induced by errors and assumptions in the collected clinical data. We show that multi‐level estimation, that is, updating the parameter prior information through sub‐model analysis, can lead to a significant reduction in the parameter marginal posterior variance. We first consider virtual patient conditions, with clinical targets generated through model solutions, and second application to a cohort of four single‐ventricle patients with Norwood physiology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust guaranteed cost control for discrete‐time systems via partially delay‐dependent controller with linear fractional uncertainties
Authors: Pagavathigounder Balasubramaniam , Dhanasekaran Nishanthi , Liyakath Ali Jarina Banu
Published: May 2016

In this article, a partially delay‐dependent controller is designed to analyze the guaranteed performance analysis of a class of uncertain discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delays. By constructing suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii Functional (LKF), sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the system to be robustly stochastically stable in mean square sense by using Wirtinger‐based inequality and convex reciprocal lemma. The proper cost function is chosen to guarantee an adequate level of performance. The derived conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be easily solved by LMI Toolbox in MATLAB. Further, the advantage of employing the obtained results is illustrated via numerical examples. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 113–122, 2016
Catalytic Coupling of Carbon Dioxide with Terpene Scaffolds: Access to Challenging Bio‐Based Organic Carbonates
Authors: Fiorani Giulia , Stuck Moritz , Martín Carmen , Belmonte Marta Martínez , Martin Eddy , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: May 2016

The challenging coupling of highly substituted terpene oxides and carbon dioxide into bio‐based cyclic organic carbonates catalyzed by Al(aminotriphenolate) complexes is reported. Both acyclic as well as cyclic terpene oxides were used as coupling partners, showing distinct reactivity/selectivity behavior. Whereas cyclic terpene oxides showed excellent chemoselectivity towards the organic carbonate product, acyclic substrates exhibited poorer selectivities owing to concomitant epoxide rearrangement reactions and the formation of undesired oligo/polyether side products. Considering the challenging nature of these coupling reactions, the isolated yields of the targeted bio‐carbonates are reasonable and in most cases in the range 50–60 %. The first crystal structures of tri‐substituted terpene based cyclic carbonates are reported and their stereoconnectivity suggests that their formation proceeds through a double inversion pathway.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Burgess Emilee E. , Sylvester Maria D. , Morse Kathryn E. , Amthor Frank R. , Mrug Sylvie , Lokken Kristine L. , Osborn Mary K. , Soleymani Taraneh , Boggiano Mary M.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on food craving, intake, binge eating desire, and binge eating frequency in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED).

Method

N = 30 adults with BED or subthreshold BED received a 20‐min 2 milliampere (mA) session of tDCS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; anode right/cathode left) and a sham session. Food image ratings assessed food craving, a laboratory eating test assessed food intake, and an electronic diary recorded binge variables.

Results

tDCS versus sham decreased craving for sweets, savory proteins, and an all‐foods category, with strongest reductions in men (p < 0.05). tDCS also decreased total and preferred food intake by 11 and 17.5%, regardless of sex (p < 0.05), and reduced desire to binge eat in men on the day of real tDCS administration (p < 0.05). The reductions in craving and food intake were predicted by eating less frequently for reward motives, and greater intent to restrict calories, respectively.

Discussion

This proof of concept study is the first to find ameliorating effects of tDCS in BED. Stimulation of the right DLPFC suggests that enhanced cognitive control and/or decreased need for reward may be possible functional mechanisms. The results support investigation of repeated tDCS as a safe and noninvasive treatment adjunct for BED. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:930–936)
On the electromigration of charged fluorophore‐labeled oligosaccharides in polyethylene oxide solutions
Authors: Jarvas Gabor , Kerekgyarto Marta , Guttman András
Published: May 2016

The separation mechanism of charged fluorophore (aminopyrenetrisulfonate)‐labeled maltooligosaccharides with α1‐4 linkages was studied in polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions (MW 300 000 Da) with special interest to possible analyte and/or network deformations as well as potential solute–matrix interactions. The electrophoretic mobilities of the 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate‐labeled maltooligosaccharides were found proportional with their MW−2/3. The Arrhenius function was used to determine the activation energy needed by the labeled sugars to migrate through the separation media. With increasing solute size, the activation energy (Ea) values decreased in polymer concentrations above the entanglement threshold of the PEO, while showed apparently independent function at the entanglement threshold. The observed phenomenon was considered as a result of solute–matrix interaction, which could be alleviated by the addition of an organic modifier to the BGE.
Electrochemically triggered aptamer immobilization via click reaction for vascular endothelial growth factor detection
Authors: Feng Lingyan , Lyu Zhaozi , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mayer Dirk
Published: May 2016

The vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) is widely used as an important biomarker in cancer‐ and neuron‐related diseases. Herein, an aptamer‐based biosensor is developed that features effective protein detection. A DNA aptamer is immobilized on a gold electrode surface as recognition element utilizing an electrochemically triggered click reaction. By adjusting the applied cathodic potential, the copper catalyst can be in‐situ generated and induce a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between the alkyne‐modified aptamer and the azide‐functionalized electrode surface. Compared to the commonly used thiol‐based aptamer immobilization, the present strategy facilitates a high surface probe density to (1.6 ± 0.12) × 1012 molecules/cm2 in a short period (30 min), long‐time stability (at least 1 month), as well as regenerative detection performance with an 84% current recovery in each regeneration cycle. Our work reports on a versatile strategy for the fabrication of VEGF165 aptamer‐based biosensors, which can be transferred to other aptamer‐based sensors and provides an alternative route for the immobilization of aptamer molecules to sensor surfaces.
Typing and surface charges of the variable loop regions of PorB from Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Stefanelli Paola , Neri Arianna , Tanabe Mikio , Fazio Cecilia , Massari Paola
Published: May 2016

PorB is a pan‐Neisserial major outer membrane protein with a trimeric β‐barrel structure. Each monomer presents eight periplasmic turns and eight surface exposed loop regions with sequence variability. PorB induces activation of host cell responses via a TLR2‐dependent mechanism likely mediated by electrostatic interactions between TLR2 and PorB surface exposed loops. Variability in the loop amino acid sequence is known to influence cell responses to PorB in vitro, particularly for the residues in L5 and L7. In this work, the sequence of the porB gene and the electrostatic surface charges of PorB from 35 invasive meningococcal isolates belonging to the main clonal complexes identified in Italy and from five carriage genomes available on the website http://pubmlst.org/neisseria/ were examined. Analysis of the porB encoding regions from the invasive meningococci has identified four new alleles and a potential association between porB alleles, serogroup, and clonal complexes. Through computer‐based modeling and analysis of the electrostatic surface charges of PorB from these strains, loop charge segregation between PorB from invasive serogroups B and C was observed. Specifically, loops 1, 4, and 7 were negatively charged and L2 and L8 were mostly neutral in serogroup B isolates, while an overall homogeneous positive surface charge was present in PorB from invasive serogroup C strains. A higher PorB sequence variability was observed among carriage genomes, and a general prevalence of negative loop surface charges. The surface charge differences in PorB from serogroups B and C invasive and carriage strains may, in part, influence the outcomes of Neisseriae interactions with host cells. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(6):488–495, 2016
Ecoupling server: A tool to compute and analyze electronic couplings
Authors: Cabeza de Vaca Israel , Acebes Sandra , Guallar Victor
Published: May 2016

Electron transfer processes are often studied through the evaluation and analysis of the electronic coupling (EC). Since most standard QM codes do not provide readily such a measure, additional, and user‐friendly tools to compute and analyze electronic coupling from external wave functions will be of high value. The first server to provide a friendly interface for evaluation and analysis of electronic couplings under two different approximations (FDC and GMH) is presented in this communication. Ecoupling server accepts inputs from common QM and QM/MM software and provides useful plots to understand and analyze the results easily. The web server has been implemented in CGI‐python using Apache and it is accessible at http://ecouplingserver.bsc.es. Ecoupling server is free and open to all users without login. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symptomatic presentation as a predictor of recurrence in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A single institution experience over 15 years
Authors: Baptiste Gillian G. , Postlewait Lauren M. , Ethun Cecilia G. , Le Nina , McInnis Mia R. , Russell Maria C. , Winer Joshua H. , Kooby David A. , Staley Charles A. , Maithel Shishir K. , Cardona Kenneth
Published: May 2016

Background and Objectives

The prognostic implication of symptomatic presentation of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs) remains unclear.

Methods

Patients who underwent resection of nonfunctional GEP‐NETs (2000–2014) were analyzed. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and distant recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Results

Symptomatic presentation was seen in 208 (61%) of 339 patients and was associated with younger age (55 vs. 59 yrs, P = 0.001), higher tumor grade (38% vs. 21%, P = 0.027), presence of lymphovascular invasion (58% vs. 33%, P < 0.001), presence of perineural invasion (54% vs. 29%, P = 0.002), and advanced disease (T3/T4/N1/M1 [63% vs. 44%, P = 0.002]), but not tumor size (2.6 vs. 2.5 cm, P = 0.74). Symptomatic presentation was associated with decreased 3‐yr distant‐RFS (80% vs. 89%, P = 0.012), but not OS. When accounting for adverse features, symptomatic presentation remained independently associated with reduced distant‐RFS (HR 3.51, P = 0.007). On subgroup‐analysis of advanced disease patients, symptomatology was associated with reduced 3‐yr distant‐RFS (67% vs. 79%, P = 0.012) and persisted as an independent risk‐factor for decreased distant‐RFS (HR 3.01, P = 0.027).

Conclusions

Symptomatic presentation of GEP‐NETs is associated with aggressive features and worse distant‐RFS. Trials assessing adjuvant therapy for advanced GEP‐NETs are needed, and symptomatic presentation may be considered as one inclusion criterion. Following resection, symptomatic presentation should be taken into account when planning surveillance. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:163–169. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ocean Acidification ‐ A Paleo Perspective
Authors: Paytan Adina , Hönisch Bärbel
Published: May 2016

Dissolution of atmospheric CO2 in seawater has lowered ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations with impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems. The geological record contains long‐term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification, and the biotic responses associated with them, and can provide insight into consequences of current anthropogenic acidification. This e‐lecture focuses on the paleo‐perspective of ocean acidification, proxy evidence for pH changes and several events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO2, global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ˜300 million years are reviewed. Comparison between these events and the present suggests that the current and projected rate of acidification may be unprecedented in past events with unknown consequences for marine life and humans who depend on it.

The target audiences for this e‐Lecture are upper division undergraduate students and graduate students with some previous background in oceanography and paleoceanography. This could be a lecture in an “introduction to paleoceanography” class that discusses archives and proxies or a lecture in a topical “ocean acidification” class covering paleo ocean acidification. Depending on audience background the lecture may take 50 minutes (students versed in paleoceanography) or 90 minutes (novice students).
Relationships between serum irisin levels and metabolic parameters in Japanese patients with obesity
Authors: Fukushima Yaeko , Kurose Satoshi , Shinno Hiromi , Cao Thi Thu Ha , Tamanoi Atsuko , Tsutsumi Hiromi , Hasegawa Takaaki , Nakajima Toshiaki , Kimura Yutaka
Published: May 2016

Background/Purpose

Irisin is a skeletal muscle myokine that causes the brown coloration of white fat, promotes fat burning, inhibits weight gain and may be useful for treatment of obesity. Irisin is also related to glucose/lipid metabolism and may prevent onset of diabetes, but a consensus on irisin secretion has not been reached. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between serum irisin levels and physical factors in untreated Japanese men and women with obesity.

Methods

The subjects were 66 untreated patients with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg m−2) who visited our obesity clinic. The subjects included 19 men and 47 women with a mean age of 45.7 ± 13.4 years, mean body weight of 93.8 ± 17.6 kg, and mean body mass index of 36.5 ± 4.7 kg m−2. At the initial visit, blood sampling was performed, body composition was evaluated using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and exercise tolerance was determined in a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Homeostasis model of assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), an index of insulin resistance, and the serum level of irisin were measured.

Results

In men, serum irisin was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.491, P < 0.05), immunoreactive insulin (r = 0.536, P < 0.05), HOMA‐IR (r = 0.635, P < 0.01), body weight (r = 0.491, P < 0.05), lean body mass of the trunk (r = 0.579, P < 0.05) and whole lean body mass (r = 0.489, P < 0.05). In women, serum irisin was positively correlated with immunoreactive insulin (r = 0.502, P < 0.01) and HOMA‐IR (r = 0.385, P < 0.01). In both sexes, HOMA‐IR was an independent variable associated with obesity (men: β = 0.635, R2 = 0.369, P < 0.01; women: β = 0.385, R2 = 0.129, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The serum level of irisin was positively correlated with HOMA‐IR in Japanese patients with obesity of both sexes. This suggests that compensatory enhancement of irisin secretion may occur in response to insulin resistance.
Worksite nutrition supports and sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption
Authors: Hipp J. A. , Becker H. V. , Marx C. M. , Tabak R. G. , Brownson R. C. , Yang L.
Published: May 2016

Objective

This study examined the link between worksite environmental supports for nutrition behaviours and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and offers insight into potential intervention points for reducing SSB consumption and combatting overweight and obesity.

Methods

Perceived worksite supports for healthy nutrition and self‐reported SSB consumption were analysed for 2,015 working adults in the state of Missouri using a subset of questions from the Supports at Home and Work for Maintaining Energy Balance (SHOW‐ME) study.

Results

Employees' use of vending facilities and the availability of water coolers/water bottles was significantly associated with increased SSB consumption, while use of cafeterias was significantly associated with decreased SSB consumption. Symbols or signs to identify healthy alternatives were significantly associated with sports drink consumption.

Conclusions

This study supports previous work indicating the worksite as a necessary environment for nutrition interventions. When choices (vending and cafeteria) are provided, employees report making healthier decisions. For worksites without cafeterias, alternatives should be explored including mobile food trucks and farmer's markets.
Multipod structures of lamellae‐forming diblock copolymers in three‐dimensional confinement spaces: Experimental observation and computer simulation
Authors: Higuchi Takeshi , Pinna Marco , Zvelindovsky Andrei V. , Jinnai Hiroshi , Yabu Hiroshi
Published: May 2016

The three‐dimensional (3D) confinement effect on the microphase‐separated structure of a diblock copolymer was investigated both experimentally and computationally. Block copolymer nanoparticles were prepared by adding a poor solvent into a block copolymer solution and subsequently evaporating the good solvent. The 3D structures of the nanoparticles were quantitatively determined with transmission electron microtomography (TEMT). TEMT observations revealed that various complex structures, including tennis‐ball, mushroom‐like, and multipod structures, were formed in the 3D confinement. Detailed structural analysis, showed that one block of the diblock copolymer slightly prefers to segregate into the particle surface compared with the other block. The observed structures were further elaborated using cell dynamics computer simulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1702–1709
Synthesis of Fatty Acid Esters of Selected Higher Polyols Over Homogeneous Metallic Catalysts
Authors: Nowicki Janusz , Stańczyk Dorota , Drabik Jolanta , Mosio‐Mosiewski Jan , Woszczyński Piotr , Warzała Marek
Published: May 2016

Studies on the synthesis of esters of natural origin fatty acids (oleic acid) and a branched synthetic isostearic acid derived from oleic acid with commercially available selected higher polyols in the presence of homogeneous metallic catalysts have been carried out. The effects of the synthesis temperature, molar ratio and the catalysts amount have also been studied. It was shown that higher fatty acid conversion and selectivity to tri‐ and tetraesters were obtained for organotin catalyst Fascat 2003, which was used as the esterification catalyst. Anti‐wear test confirmed good tribological properties of the obtained esters.
Prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia with neuronally derived blood exosome protein profile
Authors: Winston Charisse N. , Goetzl Edward J. , Akers Johnny C. , Carter Bob S. , Rockenstein Edward M. , Galasko Douglas , Masliah Eliezer , Rissman Robert A.
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related proteins in plasma neuronal derived exosomes (NDEs) were quantified to identify biomarkers for prediction and staging of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.

Methods

Plasma exosomes were extracted, precipitated, and enriched for neuronal source by anti‐L1CAM antibody absorption. NDEs were characterized by size (Nanosight) and shape (TEM) and extracted NDE protein biomarkers were quantified by ELISAs. Plasma NDE cargo was injected into normal mice, and results were characterized by immunohistochemistry to determine pathogenic potential.

Results

Plasma NDE levels of P‐T181‐tau, P‐S396‐tau, and Aβ1–42 were significantly higher, whereas those of neurogranin (NRGN) and the repressor element 1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) were significantly lower in AD and MCI converting to AD (ADC) patients compared to cognitively normal controls (CNC) subjects and stable MCI patients. Mice injected with plasma NDEs from ADC patients displayed increased P‐tau (PHF‐1 antibody)–positive cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus compared to plasma NDEs from CNC and stable MCI patients.

Conclusions

Abnormal plasma NDE levels of P‐tau, Aβ1–42, NRGN, and REST accurately predict conversion of MCI to AD dementia. Plasma NDEs from demented patients seeded tau aggregation and induced AD‐like neuropathology in normal mouse CNS.
Maternal separation prior to neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia: Impact on emotional aspects of behavior and markers of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus
Authors: Markostamou Ioanna , Ioannidis Anestis , Dandi Evgenia , Mandyla Maria‐Aikaterini , Nousiopoulou Evangelia , Simeonidou Constantina , Spandou Evangelia , Tata Despina Α.
Published: May 2016

Exposure to early‐life stress is associated with long‐term alterations in brain and behavior, and may aggravate the outcome of neurological insults. This study aimed at investigating the possible interaction between maternal separation, a model of early stress, and subsequent neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia on emotional behavior and markers of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus. Therefore, rat pups (N= 60) were maternally separated for a prolonged (MS 180min) or a brief (MS 15min) period during the first six postnatal days, while a control group was left undisturbed. Hypoxia‐ischemia was applied to a subgroup of each rearing condition on postnatal day 7. Emotional behavior was examined at three months of age and included assessments of anxiety (elevated plus maze), depression‐like behavior (forced swimming) and spontaneous exploration (open field). Synaptic plasticity was evaluated based on BDNF and synaptophysin expression in CA3 and dentate gyrus hippocampal regions. We found that neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia caused increased levels of anxiety, depression‐like behavior and locomotor activity (ambulation). Higher anxiety levels were also seen in maternally separated rats (MS180min) compared to non‐maternally separated rats, but prolonged maternal separation prior to HI did not potentiate the HI‐associated effect. No differences among the three rearing conditions were found regarding depression‐like behavior or ambulation. Immunohistochemical evaluation of synaptophysin revealed that both prolonged maternal separation (MS180min) and neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia significantly reduced its expression in the CA3 and dentate gyrus. Decreases in synaptophysin expression in these areas were not exacerbated in rats that were maternally separated for a prolonged period prior to HI. Regarding BDNF expression, we found a significant decrease in immunoreactivity only in the hypoxic‐ischemic rats that were subjected to the prolonged maternal separation paradigm. The above findings suggest that early‐life stress prior to neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia leads to significant alterations in synaptic plasticity of the dorsal hippocampus during adulthood, but does not exacerbate HI‐related changes in emotional behavior.
Of rodents and humans: A comparative review of the neurobehavioral effects of early life SSRI exposure in preclinical and clinical research
Authors: Glover Matthew E. , Clinton Sarah M.
Published: May 2016

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been a mainstay pharmacological treatment for women experiencing depression during pregnancy and postpartum for the past 25 years. SSRIs actviablockade of the presynaptic serotonin transporter and result in a transient increase in synaptic serotonin. Long‐lasting changes in cellular function such as serotonergic transmission, neurogenesis, and epigenetics, are thought to underlie the therapeutic benefits of SSRIs. In recent years, though, growing evidence in clinical and preclinical settings indicate that offspring exposed to SSRIsin uteroor as neonates exhibit long‐lasting behavioral adaptions. Clinically, children exposed to SSRIs in early life exhibit increased internalizing behavior reduced social behavior, and increased risk for depression in adolescence. Similarly, rodents exposed to SSRIs perinatally exhibit increased traits of anxiety‐ or depression‐like behavior. Furthermore, certain individuals appear to be more susceptible to early life SSRI exposure than others, suggesting that perinatal SSRI exposure may pose greater risks for negative outcome within certain populations. Although SSRIs trigger a number of intracellular processes that likely contribute to their therapeutic effects, early life antidepressant exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods may elicit lasting negative effects in offspring. In this review, we cover the basic development and structure of the serotonin system, how the system is affected by early life SSRI exposure, and the behavioral outcomes of perinatal SSRI exposure in both clinical and preclinical settings. We review recent evidence indicating that perinatal SSRI exposure perturbs the developing limbic system, including altered serotonergic transmission, neurogenesis, and epigenetic processes in the hippocampus, which may contribute to behavioral domains (e.g., sociability, cognition, anxiety, and behavioral despair) that are affected by perinatal SSRI treatment. Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie the deleterious behavioral effects of perinatal SSRI exposure may highlight biological mechanisms in the etiology of mood disorders. Moreover, because recent studies suggest that certain individuals may be more susceptible to the negative consequences of early life SSRI exposure than others, understanding mechanisms that drive such susceptibility could lead to individualized treatment strategies for depressed women who are or plan to become pregnant.
Chemical enrichment in Ultra-Faint Dwarf galaxies
Authors: Romano Donatella
Published: May 2016

Our view of the Milky Way's satellite population has radically changed after the discovery, ten years ago, of the first Ultra-Faint Dwarf galaxies (UFDs). These extremely faint, dark-matter dominated, scarcely evolved stellar systems are found in ever-increasing number in our cosmic neighbourhood and constitute a gold-mine for studies of early star formation conditions and early chemical enrichment pathways. Here we show what can be learned from the measurements of chemical abundances in UFD stars read through the lens of chemical evolution studies, point out the limitations of the classic approach, and discuss the way to go to improve the models.
Gas accretion from halos to disks: observations, curiosities, and problems
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce G.
Published: May 2016

Accretion of gas from the cosmic web to galaxy halos and ultimately their disks is a prediction of modern cosmological models but is rarely observed directly or at the full rate expected from star formation. Here we illustrate possible large-scale cosmic HI accretion onto the nearby dwarf starburst galaxy IC10, observed with the VLA and GBT. We also suggest that cosmic accretion is the origin of sharp metallicity drops in the starburst regions of other dwarf galaxies, as observed with the 10-m GTC. Finally, we question the importance of cosmic accretion in normal dwarf irregulars, for which a recent study of their far-outer regions sees no need for, or evidence of, continuing gas buildup.
Chemo-dynamical evolution model: Enrichment of r-process elements in the Local Group dwarf galaxies
Authors: Hirai Yutaka , Ishimaru Yuhri , Saitoh Takayuki R. , Fujii Michiko S. , Hidaka Jun , Kajino Toshitaka
Published: May 2016

Neutron star mergers are one of the candidate astrophysical site(s) of r-process. Several chemical evolution studies however pointed out that the observed abundance of r-process is difficult to reproduce by neutron star mergers. In this study, we aim to clarify the enrichment of r-process elements in the Local Group dwarf galaxies. We carry out numerical simulations of galactic chemo-dynamical evolution using an N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, ASURA. We construct a chemo-dynamical evolution model for dwarf galaxies assuming that neutron star mergers are the major source of r-process elements. Our models reproduce the observed dispersion in [Eu/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H] with neutron star mergers with a merger time of 100 Myr. We find that star formation efficiency and metal mixing processes during the first ≲ 300 Myr of galaxy evolution are important to reproduce the observations. This study supports that neutron star mergers are a major site of r-process.
PN populations in the local group and distant stellar populations
Authors: Reid Warren
Published: May 2016

Our understanding of galactic structure and evolution is far from complete. Within the past twelve months we have learnt that the Milky Way is about 50% wider than was previously thought. As a consequence, new models are being developed that force us to reassess the kinematic structure of our Galaxy. Similarly, we need to take a fresh look at the halo structure of external galaxies in our Local Group. Studies of stellar populations, star-forming regions, clusters, the interstellar medium, elemental abundances and late stellar evolution are all required in order to understand how galactic assembly has occurred as we see it. PNe play an important role in this investigation by providing a measure of stellar age, mass, abundances, morphology, kinematics and synthesized matter that is returned to the interstellar medium (ISM). Through a method of chemical tagging, halo PNe can reveal evidence of stellar migration and galactic mergers. This is an outline of the advances that have been made towards uncovering the full number of PNe in our Local Group galaxies and beyond. Current numbers are presented and compared to total population estimates based on galactic mass and luminosity. A near complete census of PNe is crucial to understanding the initial-to-final mass relation for stars with mass >1 to <8 times the mass of the sun. It also allows us to extract more evolutionary information from luminosity functions and compare dust-to-gas ratios from PNe in different galactic locations. With new data provided by the Gaia satellite, space-based telescopes and the rise of giant and extra-large telescopes, we are on the verge of observing and understanding objects such as PNe in distant galaxies with the same detail we expected from Galactic observations only a decade ago.