bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Steganography Method Based on Chaotic Functions and XOR Operation for Data Hiding
Authors: Yakut Selman
Published: December 2024

The advancing technology and digitalizing world have increased the importance of secure data transmission. Steganography, a technique that ensures secure data communication, is a critical component of data security. Derived from the term meaning "hidden writing" in Turkish, steganography is based on the principle of embedding the data to be hidden into a carrier medium. While historically applied using primitive methods, steganography has transitioned to the use of modern techniques and methods in today’s digitalized era. In this study, a steganography method based on chaotic functions and the XOR operation is proposed. The proposed method consists of two stages. In the first stage, data embedding, the data to be hidden is first converted into binary format. This binary data is then subjected to an XOR operation with a tent map sequence. The resulting final data is embedded into a grayscale image by determining its embedding positions using a logistic map. In the second stage, data extraction, the embedded message is retrieved using the logistic map, and the extracted message is XORed with the tent map to recover the original data. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated using commonly employed metrics such as PSNR, MSE, and SSIM on images in the literature. The results demonstrate that the proposed method offers a robust structure against steganalysis techniques while ensuring critical security parameters.
Regional Variations in Depression Prevalence: A Comprehensive Correlational Analysis
Authors: Zhou Xiaohan
Published: December 2024

Depression, an increasingly prevalent mental disorder, has garnered substantial global attention due to its rising incidence rates. This study seeks to elucidate the correlation between depression and regional disparities by conducting a detailed analysis of depression prevalence across different age groups and genders within five Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions. By employing sophisticated data analysis techniques, this research investigates the complex interplay of socioeconomic development levels, environmental quality, and historical political factors influencing regional depression rates. The findings reveal significant variations in depression prevalence, suggesting that these disparities are closely linked with the region-specific socioeconomic and environmental contexts. This comprehensive study not only advances our understanding of the geographic distribution of depression but also provides a robust theoretical framework and practical insights for targeted prevention strategies and treatment interventions aimed at mitigating this global mental health challenge. This enhances the potential for policymakers and healthcare providers to tailor their approaches according to specific regional needs and conditions, thereby improving the effectiveness of depression management programs and contributing to better mental health outcomes globally.
Protecting Forced Offenders
Authors: Fitzgerald Meg
Published: December 2024

This article examines the application of the non-punishment principle to victims of trafficking into scam centres in Southeast Asia. Since 2020, trafficking into scam centres has emerged as a significant form of trafficking in persons for forced criminality, where victims are coerced into perpetrating cyberfraud for their traffickers’ economic gain. The non-punishment principle asserts that victims of trafficking should not be penalised for crimes committed as a direct consequence of their exploitation. However, its implementation in Southeast Asia faces significant challenges: victims are often misidentified as willing criminals, while the substantial financial losses from cyberfraud lead authorities to exclude such offenses from the principle’s scope. Consequently, victims frequently face prosecution for money laundering and fraud upon returning to their home countries. Drawing on theoretical foundations of human rights, criminal responsibility, and punishment, this article argues for a comprehensive application of the non-punishment principle, regardless of crime severity. It demonstrates why traditional criminal defences, like duress, are inadequate, and argues for specific non-punishment provisions to protect victims trafficked into scam centres. The article concludes that effective responses require stronger legal and institutional frameworks, ensuring victims receive protection while maintaining focus on prosecuting the true masterminds of these crimes.
2001 MoU Between Thailand and Cambodia
Authors: Roth William
Published: December 2024

The so-called “MoU 44”—an agreement regarding maritime claims that Thailand negotiated with Cambodia back in 2001—has incessantly been in the news of late, particularly November and December 2024. All sorts of allegations have been made, including that the agreement compromised Thai sovereignty and that the MoU needs to be revoked. Despite numerous efforts by the government to quell the uproar and assure the public that the MoU is fine and should now be actively implemented, the public is unsure and remains confused. This Commentary describes the entire state of affairs, explains the legal issues involved, reproduces for viewing the MoU itself along with relevant maps, and ultimately concludes that the various “attacks” on the MoU are without merit but being done for imagined political advantage.
Real-Time Electric Vehicle Battery SOC Estimation Using Advanced Optimization Filtering Techniques
Authors:   Research Scholar, Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga University, Raipur, New Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India and Application Software Supervisor, SWX Department, Stellantis NV, Auburn Hills, Machigan,USA, Sanjay Sanjay ,   Research Scholar, Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga University, Raipur, New Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India and Senior Controls Engineer, Hyzon Motors, 3515 Willoway Dr, Troy, Michigan 480832, USA,,   Prof., Dept. of EE and Director, IQAC, Kalinga University, Raipur, New Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India,   Prof., Dept. of ECE, Dean RD, St. Martin’s Engineering College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India, Chinta Srikiran , Biradar Vijayalaxmi , Suman Sanjay Kumar
Published: December 2024

Improving the Extended Kalman Filter's (EKF) State of Charge (SOC) prediction for EV battery packs is the primary goal of this section. Optimised batteries management procedures rely on SOC estimate that is both accurate and reliable. The EKF is a popular tool for estimating nonlinear states, but how well it works relies heavily on which noise coefficient matrices are used (Q and R). Experimental testing and other conventional approaches of calibrating these matrix systems are extremely costly and time-consuming. In order to tackle this, the section delves into the integration of four state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimisation methods: GA, PSO, SFO, and HHO. By minimising the mean square error (MSE) among the real and expected SOC, these techniques optimise the Q and R matrices. When looking at preciseness, converging speed, and resilience, SFO-EKF comes out on top in both static and dynamic comparisons. By greatly improving the reliability of SOC estimations, the numerical results show that SFO-EKF obtains the lowest MSE RMSE. This study advances electric car batteries by providing a realistic scheme for combining optimisation methods with EKF to offer highly effective and exact SOC estimates. When as opposed to TR-EKF, GA-EKF, PSO-EKF, and HHO-EKF, the SFO-EKF approach shows the best accuracy, with an improvement of over 94%. This is a result of the suggested model's exceptional efficiency in SOC estimates.
The Role of ESG Performance in Enhancing Intellectual Capital and Sustainability in European Football Clubs: A First Empirical Application
Authors: Manzari Alberto
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and intellectual capital (IC) in professional football clubs. Using a quali-quantitative approach, the research analyzes secondary data from ESG scores and IC metrics of 17 European football clubs. Pearson correlation coefficients are employed to assess the links between ESG performance and IC dimensions, including player market value (human capital), social media engagement (relational capital), and stadium ownership (structural capital). The findings indicate that ESG practices positively influence intellectual capital, especially when IC components are considered collectively, demonstrating a stronger positive association than individual components. This underscores the synergistic effect of integrating intangible assets into a sustainability framework. The study contributes to theoretical understanding by linking ESG practices to value-creation strategies in professional sports. Practical implications highlight how football clubs can align ESG initiatives with recruitment, fan engagement, and infrastructure investments to enhance financial and social outcomes. Policymakers can use the results to promote ESG adoption in sports, while investors may view ESG performance as a marker of long-term stability and growth. This research empirically explores ESG and IC interplay in football, offering actionable insights and a framework for future studies.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Kelas VII MTsN 11 Agam
Authors: Jelita Arni Asih , Isnaniah Isnaniah , Yusri Fadhilla , Imamuddin Imamuddin
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the significant influence of learning motivation on the mathematical critical thinking abilities of class VII students at MTsN 11 Agam. The hypothesis in this research is "There is a significant influence of learning motivation on the mathematical critical thinking abilities of class VII students at MTsN 11 Agam for the 2023/2024 academic year." This type of research is ex post facto research with a type of correlation research (causal research). The population in this study were all class VII students, totaling 124 students. Meanwhile, the sample in this study was taken randomly as many as 38 students. Before sampling, normality and homogeneity tests were carried out. The instruments used in this research were a mathematics learning motivation questionnaire and mathematical critical thinking ability test questions.  The statistical analysis technique used is Simple Regression Analysis. From the results of data analysis, it shows that the regression equation between motivation to learn mathematics and critical mathematical thinking abilities of class VII students at MTsN 11 Agam is Y=10.396+0.2714X with a correlation of 0.628 and a coefficient of determination of 39.5%. The results of hypothesis testing obtained t_count > t_table, namely 4.843 > 2.028, and the SPSS results obtained a significant 0.00 and the value α=0.05, so it was obtained 0.00 ≤ 0.05. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence of motivation to learn mathematics on the mathematical critical thinking abilities of class VII students at MTsN 11 Agam.
KONTEYNER LİMANLARINDA YEŞİL PAZARLAMA UYGULAMALARI
Authors: Savran Esra , Tanrıverdi İlknur
Published: December 2024

Son 20 yılda, küreselleşmenin ulusal ve uluslararası ticaret üzerindeki etkisi nedeniyle konteyner limanlarında elleçlenen yük hacmi önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bu artış, liman kaynaklı çevresel kirlilikte de belirgin bir yükselişe yol açmıştır. Bu durum karşısında, yeşil liman kavramı çerçevesinde yeşil pazarlama uygulamaları konteyner limanlarında giderek daha fazla benimsenmeye başlanmıştır. Yeşil pazarlama karması (4P), liman operasyonlarının hız ve çevre duyarlılığı açısından iyileştirilmesini sağlarken, dijitalleşme ve otomasyon sayesinde müşterilerin taleplerine daha hızlı yanıt verilmesine imkân tanımaktadır. Yeşil pazarlama karması(4P) sürdürülebilirlik ilkesinin önemli araçlarından biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Güney Marmara bölgesindeki konteyner limanlarında uygulanan yeşil pazarlama stratejilerini inceleyerek bu alandaki durumun analizini yapmayı ve geleceğe yönelik stratejik öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak Güney Marmara’da faaliyette bulunan konteyner limanlarının orta ve üst düzey yöneticileri ile görüşülerek yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği ile araştırma verileri toplanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılan çalışmada araştırma sonuçları,Maxqda programında görsel veriler ile zenginleştirilip sunulmuştur. Çalışma bulguları, yeşil pazarlamanın limanlar üzerindeki etkisine dair önemli ipuçları sunmakta ve gelecekteki uygulamalar için stratejik öneriler getirmektedir.
Viability of Pak-Russia Military Cooperation
Authors: Saud Adam , Abbasi Madiha
Published: December 2024

In international arena, there are no permanent friends or foes. This is clearly demonstrated by undulating nature of Pak-Russia relations, which kept on swaying with varying interests of two countries throughout the past century. It was only after 9/11, when Pakistan abandoned Afghan Taliban and became ally of US on war on terror, interests of Pakistan and Russia got converged. As a result of shared threats of terrorism and turning of their old allies to their rivals, the two countries were compelled to improve relations in various sectors particularly, military. The persistent joint exercises and frequent exchange of defense delegations during the past decade is indicator of growing military cooperation of two countries. This paper aims to analyzing the Pak-Russia military relations from the perspective of Regional Security Complex Theory while keeping in view the inherent turbulence in international politics.
Sustainable development goals through participatory video and digital storytelling
Authors: Rohmah Zuliyati , Makrakis Vassilios , Kostoulas-Makrakis Nelly , Hidayati Lisna , Fitriyanto Nanung Agus , Projosasmito Siti Rokhmah , Auwibi Bilqis R. , Prijambada Irfan D.
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on a training experience that took place in the academic year 2021–2022 at Gadjah Mada University in Indonesia. A hands-on workshop on ICTeEfS focusing on Participatory Video (PV) and Digital Storytelling (DST) involved 210 teachers in the creation of videos with a two-fold objective: 1) embedding SDGs in school curricula enabled by PV/DST methodologies and 2) innovating teaching methodologies by merging digital and green skills. The process of creating PV/DST videos included a 15-step methodology integrated into four interacting phases starting from planning, moving to production, and then utilization/dissemination. The PV/DST applications produced could be used as learning resources to enrich the school curricula. Uploading PV/DST to school or social media accounts was a good method to get the message out to a wider audience while empowering teachers to address SDGs. The results can be used as guiding principles for teacher educators and teachers as well as for policymakers to integrate PV/DST in teaching, learning, and curricula addressing SDGs.
Formación en Trabajo Social en el contexto actual, reflexiones desde Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay
Authors: Battilana Nidia , Villagra Verónica Evangelina , Frank Ivón Mariela Elizabeth , Rivero Silvia , Del Prado Leonel , Berwig Solange Emilene , Guilherme Rosilaine Coradini
Published: December 2024

El eje central del artículo es la práctica profesional, cómo ha sido entendida y desarrollada en los cuatro países (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay) en el ámbito universitario, entendiendo que la misma es el eje troncal que ha organizado el proceso de formación de los/as profesionales del Trabajo Social. Se realiza una breve caracterización de la profesión, de la creación de las carreras en cada país y las prácticas profesionales desarrolladas según los planes curriculares de cada unidad académica realizando análisis documental. Finalmente, el trabajo ha generado algunos resultados significativos como ser, la complejización de los procesos formativos en cuanto a las prácticas profesionales se refieren, la presencia de perspectivas críticas en el Trabajo Social en los procesos formativos y el diálogo con las ciencias sociales.
La influencia de la inteligencia artificial en la investigación en ciencias sociales: Un estudio con investigadoras e investigadores de Paraguay durante 2023
Authors: Trinidad-Da Silva Angelina , Cañisá Núñez José María del Rosario
Published: December 2024

Este estudio analiza la influencia de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la investigación en ciencias sociales en Paraguay durante 2023, enfocándose en personas paraguayas que realizan investigación de instituciones de educación superior. Se empleó una metodología mixta que incluyó revisión documental y una encuesta aplicada a 52 profesionales de ciencias sociales. La muestra abarcó diversos grupos demográficos, predominando participantes entre 35-49 años, mayoritariamente mujeres, con formación a nivel de maestría (51,9%) y experiencia en investigación de 1-5 años (40,4%). Los resultados identifican que la IA aporta ventajas significativas como innovación metodológica y eficiencia en el análisis de datos, pero también plantea desafíos éticos y de comprensión que requieren atención. Las personas encuestadas reconocen la importancia de una formación sólida en IA y la necesidad de integrarla responsablemente, visualizándola como una herramienta valiosa pero no como sustituto del pensamiento crítico humano. El estudio destaca la creciente influencia de la IA en la investigación social y enfatiza la importancia de un abordaje ético y reflexivo en su implementación.
The Histological Structure of Chief Cell of Fundic Gland Region of One Humped Camel (Camelus Dromedarius)
Authors: Sary Shreen , Dougbag Ali , Zaghloul Doaa , Mohamed Karam , Gomaa Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

The exceptional ability of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) to survive in arid environments necessitates efficient digestive adaptations. This study investigates the morphology of chief cells within the fundic gland region of the abomasum (true stomach). Fundic gland tissue samples were obtained from 15 male camels (aged 1-20 years) slaughtered in Egypt. Light and electron microscopy techniques were employed to assess cellular morphology. Chief cells, primarily situated at the fundic gland base, exhibited a low columnar or cuboidal morphology. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a basophilic cytoplasm. Periodic acid Schiff staining yielded negative results in most samples except for some older camels from Cairo slaughterhouse with periods of food deprivations, suggesting mucus storing in the cell. Electron microscopy revealed age-dependent variations as well-developed microvilli and prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum in younger camels while in older ones show distended rough endoplasmic reticulum and almost absence of microvilli indicating a decrease in cell activity. This study offers a comprehensive description of chief cells in the camel abomasum, encompassing their morphology and maybe some age-related and feeding habits modifications.
A review on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases: What is New?
Authors: Omiyale Olumakinde , Ogunjobi taiwo , Babalola gbenga , Olofin oluwatoyin , Akib mariam , Yussuf mubaraq , Shodipe opeoluwa , Ogbuefi chukwuka , acheampong christian , Oparah confidence , Kolapo eniola , Olowe emmanuel
Published: December 2024

The widespread presence and effects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a major worldwide health concern, prompting a thorough investigation of advanced methods of therapy. Researchers discovered that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) serves as an effective biomarker for assessing inflammatory risk in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This discovery paved the way for the development of targeted therapies such as interleukin-6 inhibitors, personalized treatment plans through imaging methods, and innovative applications of anti-inflammatory drugs like colchicine. Inflammation has since come to light as a key component in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular disorders, fundamentally altering our view of these difficult diseases. With an emphasis on the newest studies and targeted therapy approaches, it seeks to offer a thorough overview of the crucial role of inflammation in cardiovascular disorders. This study dives into the complex interactions between inflammation and the cardiovascular system, explaining how chronic, low-grade inflammation affects cardiac remodeling, arrhythmogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular damage. The discussion of key inflammatory mediators, immune cells, and signaling pathways responsible for these processes provides an overview of the inflammatory effects on cardiovascular health and function. In addition to traditional anti-inflammatory medications like statins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the study emphasizes the development of biologic medicines that precisely neutralize inflammatory mediators. It also covers personalized therapy, biomarker-guided treatment plans, and lifestyle changes as cutting-edge ways to improve therapeutic results. Understanding the comprehensive impact of inflammation on cardiovascular illnesses could revolutionize their management, reducing their worldwide burden and improving patient outcomes.
AI-driven demand forecasting for enhanced energy management in renewable microgrids: A hybrid LSTM-CNN approach
Authors: ariyo Bashiru , lambe mutalub , ogunbiyi olalekan , abdulwaheed musa , ojuolape bilkisu , balogun monsurat
Published: December 2024

Aim/Background: The increasing integration of renewable energy sources into microgrids underscores the need for accurate demand forecasting to ensure stable and efficient microgrid operation. However, the inherent unpredictability of renewable energy sources presents significant challenges in energy management. This study aims to develop and validate an AI-driven demand forecasting model that improves prediction accuracy compared to traditional methods, thereby enhancing energy management in renewable microgrids.
Methods: A hybrid forecasting model that combines long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) was proposed. The model leverages historical energy consumption and meteorological data for training, ensuring robust and accurate predictions. Data preprocessing, training, and validation were performed meticulously to evaluate performance. The proposed model was compared with traditional forecasting techniques, including ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing, to assess its accuracy.
Results: The hybrid LSTM-CNN model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an R2 value of 0.87, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.45 MWh, and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 2.12 MWh. These results significantly outperform conventional forecasting methods, such as ARIMA and exponential smoothing, highlighting the model’s enhanced accuracy and ability to address key challenges in renewable energy forecasting.
Conclusion: This study establishes the effectiveness of the hybrid LSTM-CNN approach in terms of improving the demand forecasting of renewable microgrids. The model’s superior accuracy provides a reliable tool for real-time decision-making, energy distribution optimization, and cost reduction. Policymakers and energy stakeholders can use these insights to develop sustainable energy systems, with future research focusing on scaling up the model and exploring behavior and market pricing to improve forecasting precision.
Hospital candidemia infection and related factors in intensive care units
Authors: imen Nurcan , nmez Mehtap
Published: December 2024

Background: Candida-related infections are the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units and are increasing day by day.
Aim: This study was carried out in a university hospital between May 2018 and May 2019 in order to determine candidemia, candiduria and related factors seen in intensive care units.
Methods: A retrospective study included 38 patients who developed candidemia and were treated in intensive care for at least 72 hours. The data were presented as numbers and % and evaluated by chi-square test. Age, gender, history of surgical operation, presence of urinary catheter, presence of central venous catheter, history of blood transfusion, presence of hemodialysis, total parenteral nutritional status, diabetes, hypertension, renal failure, malignancy and neutropenia were compared according to candida type and candiduria.
Results: The incidence of candida was 3.03% among the patients followed in the intensive care unit during the years included in the study, and the most common candida type was Candida Albicans. Non-albicans candida strains were more common in patients with renal insufficiency. It was determined that candiduria developed more in adult patients than in newborns. Patients with diabetes and malignancies were also found to develop more candiduria.
Conclusion: Considering that candidemia causes high morbidity, prolongs hospital stay, and increases hospital costs, it can be seen that the importance of studies to determine the risk factors of candidemia has increased.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Virology, clinical features, epidemiology and prevention
Authors: Abdulla Mariyam , Subbaram Kannan , Faiz Razana , Naher Zeba , Manandhar Punya , Ali Sheeza , Tazerji Sina , Duarte Phelipe
Published: December 2024

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by the virus called, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV belongs to the viral family of Coronaviridae of the genus beta Coronavirus. The aim of this article is to bring the recent developments on the virology, clinical features, epidemiology and prevention of MERS-CoV. Review of literature was conducted on MERS-CoV its past and present outbreaks, its relationship with SARS-CoV-2, virology, clinical features, complications, mortality rate, epidemiology, treatment and prevention. The literature search was performed between January 2010 to November 2024. The article listed in google scholar, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Embase, Hinari were used for this study. During this study we observed many interesting findings. This virus contains a single-stranded, non-segmented positive sense RNA genome of around 30 kb. Their morphological structures include a bi-layer lipoprotein envelope with glycoprotein spikes on the surface, surrounding the capsid containing the genome. It has several structural proteins, such as the protein envelope (E) protein and the spike (S) protein. This virus is genetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) the causative agent of COVID-19. We would like to conclude that, MERS-CoV was identified in dromedary camels, and these camels acted as a source for transmission of the virus to humans as zoonosis. There were many cases of hospital (nosocomial) MERS outbreaks that have also been documented in Saudi Arabia. The clinical spectrum of MERS-CoV ranges from asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction. The case fatality rate of MERS-CoV was 36%, much higher than COVID-19. The future perspective of this study recommends that more detailed research to be carried out on molecular aspects, virulence, development of effective antiviral agents to counter MERS-CoV future outbreaks.
Isolation, Antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of Cynometra ramiflora
Authors: Sohan Md , Azam A , Zohora Fatema , Das Susmita , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin , Ahsan Monira
Published: December 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to isolate, identify, and characterize bioactive chemical compounds from Cynometra ramiflora leaves and evaluate their potential biological activities, focusing on antioxidant, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic properties. Additionally, the study aims to explore the possible therapeutic applications of these compounds in medicine. Methods: the structures were determined and confirmed by infrared and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and COSY. The plant’s extracts, divided into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions, were tested for antioxidant, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic properties using the conventional method. Results: Phytochemical research afforded five compounds, one is γ-tocopherol (1), a chromanol derivative with three methyl groups, and a C16 side chain. The second is an acyclic diterpene, phytol (2). N-eicosane (3), tetradecane (4), and β-sitosterol (5) constitute the remaining substances. All five of these compounds were isolated for the first time from Cynometra ramiflora. The aqueous fraction showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 60.35 µg/ml), outperforming ascorbic acid. Moderate thrombolytic activity was observed in all fractions, with clot lysis ranging from 28.8% to 33.2%, compared to the standard streptokinase (69.81%). The brine shrimp lethality test revealed lower cytotoxicity, with LC50 values significantly higher than the reference vincristine sulfate. These results suggest Cynometra ramiflora as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications in antioxidant and thrombolytic therapies, though further research is needed.
Assessment of healing effectiveness of topical platelet derived growth factor versus placental extract in diabetic foot ulcer: A Randomized clinical trial in a tertiary care hospital in the eastern zone of India
Authors: De Bishnupada , Baske Anupam , Hussain Fasahat , Mandal Partha
Published: December 2024

Background: Globally about 370 million people have diabetes mellitus and 25% of total diabetic patients develop a diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) during their lifetime. If early and proper intervention not taken DFU can rapidly deteriorate, may leads to amputation of the affected limb. Human derived placental extract is available in India at affordable cost and knowing it’s safety profile we planned to conduct a prospective study to compare the effectiveness of topical platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and placental extract in DFU. Objectives: The aim of our study was to compare the healing effectiveness of topical application PDGF and placental extract in diabetic foot ulcer of Indian patients. Materials and Methods: This Randomized clinical trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Total 55 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having DFU with Wagner Grade I & II were selected in the study. After randomization 28 patients were included in group A and 27 patient in group B. DFU of group A patients were treated with topical application of PDGF and group B patients with human placental extract. After 8 weeks of treatment ulcer area, depth of ulcer, appearance of granulation tissue and mature collagen tissue of all the participants of both groups were evaluated. Result: From our study we observed that there were more reduction of ulcer area and ulcer depth in patients receiving PDGF gel than the patients receiving human placental extract (p < 0.05). More over appearance of granulation tissue and mature collagen tissue were significantly more in patients receiving PDGF than the patients receiving human placental extract (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PDGF is better option than placental extract gel for topical application in case of treatment of DFU.
Correlation of sleep deprivation and lipid profile among healthy volunteers – A crosssectional study
Authors: Mathialagan Renu , K Deepalakshmi
Published: December 2024

Background: Sleep deprivation acts as a potential risk factor for causing metabolic imbalance in our body. It increases cortisol level and contributes to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Hence it is necessary to identify the importance of adequacy of sleep in optimizing lipid metabolism.

Objective: To find out the impact of sleep deprivation on the lipid profile among healthy volunteers

Methods: Participants sleep quality was assessed by administering the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The lipid profile parameters like Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) were obtained from their clinical records. Based on PSQI scores study population was divided into Group A (Score < 5) and Group B (Score ≥5).The statistical analysis was performed by using students paired t test. Correlations of lipid profile with their quality of sleep were performed using Pearson’s correlation.

Results: The PSQI values were also found to be increased in group B compared to group A. When compared with group A, group B showed increased TG, LDL and VLDL levels with a p value of 0.0017,0.000,0.0517 respectively.TC (0.832) and LDL (0.9144) showed positive statistical correlation with high PSQI score. HDL(-0.5542) showed negative correlation with high PSQI score. TG and VLDL showed weak positive correlation.
Conclusion: In our study the participants with high PSQI score had more sleep disturbance and abnormal lipid profile when compared to participants with normal PSQI score. So, quality of sleep plays an integral role in preventing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disorders
A STUDY TO FIND OUT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FITNESS INDEX OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH BLOOD GROUP GENOTYPE
Authors: Dubal Gitesh , Vala Nileshwari
Published: December 2024

Background: The Fitness Index, a measure of cardiac and muscular system strength, may vary among individuals with different blood groups due to genetic or immunological factors influencing disease susceptibility and overall health, prompting this study to investigate these potential correlations. Aim: To find out any association between ABO & Rh blood groups and fitness index of healthy individuals. Methods: The study involved healthy individuals over 18 years old without known cardiac conditions, who underwent a two-step exercise on a wooden staircase at a rate of 30 steps per minute for five minutes. The recovery pulse rate was measured at intervals after the exercise, and this data was used to calculate the Fitness Index using the formula. The Fitness Index was then categorized as "poor" if less than 50, "average" if between 50 and 80, and "good" if more than 80. The study included 165 cases over a span of six months, and the data was analyzed using single way ANOVA. Results: The study of 165 participants found no significant association between Fitness Index and blood group (p=0.493). Highest Fitness Index was found in the AB+ blood group with a mean of 71.29. However, a significant association was found between Fitness Index and gender, with females showing a higher Fitness Index than males (p=0.018). Conclusion: The study concluded that while the highest Fitness Index was found in the AB+ blood group, the O+ blood group showed better reliability and accuracy for association with the Fitness Index due to a larger sample size. However, no significant association was found between an individual's blood group and Fitness Index (p=0.493). A strong association was found between gender and Fitness Index (p=0.018), with females showing a higher Fitness Index than males, possibly due to better BMI, physical activity, diet, and lifestyle. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.
IMPACT OF STRESS ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND LIPID PROFILE OF FIRST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: ROY DR , GUHA DR , BANERJEE DR , CHAKRAVARTY DR
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT PAGE
Background – Increased incidences of psychological disorders have become an important health problem in the world. Stress may impair cognitive functioning and learning of a student. In future life it may lead one to burnout and suicidal ideation. It also has an impact on various aspects of physical health. It is undeniable that life of a medical student studying MBBS is stressful hence proper stress ameliorative measures may be implemented to produce stress free holistic confident practitioners.
Aim – To study the impact of stress with blood pressure and Lipid profile of first year medical students. Methods and Material – The study was single point cross sectional, conducted on first year MBBS student after taking approval of institutional ethical committee. Eighty-four students were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria after taking due consent. Stress levels were assessed using DASS questionnaire. Lipid profile of selected students was done and blood pressure measurements were taken with mercury sphygmomanometer. Results – The findings of the various parameters were statistically analysed according to percentage, Chi- square test and p-value. In this study a statistically significant (As P value < 0.05) association was found in case of students who were moderate to severely stressed to their corresponding diastolic and systolic blood pressure values. However no significant association was found between the stress level and their corresponding serum LDL values.
Conclusion – The study concludes that stress amongst first year MBBS students is highly significant which not only affects their academic achievements but also other aspects of health like hypertension and dyslipidaemia.
OBSTETRIC OUTCOMES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH LOW PAPP-A (PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN-A) LEVELS
Authors: A Dr , Nair dr , V dr , Jacob dr , S dr
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is traditionally one of the combined biochemical screening methods for aneuploidies. Though PAPP-A has been found in many human organs, including the colon, kidneys, breast, and bone marrow, it is found more in pregnant woman's serum due to the production by syncytio-trophoblast of the placenta.Recent studies have explored on the use of PAPP-A for the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study focusses on the obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with low PAPP-A levels.
METHODS:This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SAT hospital, Trivandrum among antenatal women of gestational age 11 to 14 weeks. They were followed up to see the difference in pregnancy outcomes between women with low PAPP-A and normal PAPP-A levels.
RESULTS : Women with low PAPP- A are at a significantly higher risk of complications as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and neonatal complications.
CONCLUSION: The study supports the association between low PAPP-A levels and adverse obstetric outcomes.The findings underscore theimportance of identifying and closely monitoring pregnant women with low PAPP-A.Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms linking low PAPP-A levels with adverse outcomes and exploring potential interventions to mitigate the risks associated with low PAPP-A levels.
PENDEKATAN INOVATIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA DI ERA VUCA: MENGINTEGRASIKAN TEKNOLOGI DAN MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Wijaya Herman , Gani Ramlah H.A. , Supratmi Nunung
Published: December 2024

This study discusses innovative approaches to language and literature learning in the VUCA era, focusing on the integration of technology and social media. This innovative approach is considered a response to the challenge of learning complexity in a fast-changing and uncertain context. The research methods used included a systematic literature review to identify the latest trends in language and literature learning, as well as interviews with educational practitioners to gain in-depth insights into the application of technology and social media in learning. The research findings show that the integration of technology and social media in language and literature learning has a significant impact on students' learning experiences. The use of technology expands the learning space by providing access to various resources and relevant content. This allows students to learn independently and explore a wider range of topics, thus enriching their understanding of language and literature. Additionally, the integration of social media strengthens student engagement by creating a dynamic and collaborative learning environment. Online discussions, project collaboration, and feedback allow students to be actively involved in the learning process, thereby increasing their motivation and interest in the subject. The implication of this finding is the importance of developing responsive and adaptive learning approaches to deal with the complexity of learning in the VUCA era. Teachers and educational institutions need to carefully consider how they can integrate technology and social media into their curricula and teaching strategies with an eye to the challenges and implications involved.
The Formulation of a Serum Containing Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Extract for a Green Anti-Aging Skincare Product
Authors: Nguyen Van Quy , Lau Thieu Phu , Huynh Thi Kim Chi , Nguyen Hoang Phuc , Nguyen Thi Cam Thu , Nguyen Thi Hong An , Nguyen Xuan Ngoc , Hoang Thi Kim Dung , Ton Anh Khoa
Published: December 2024

Sunlight exposure can lead to photoaging that reduces the quality of life, from inside to outside. Tomato contains a lot of nutrients and valuable compounds which are powerful antioxidants. Hence, the utilization of safe and effective natural compounds for the creation of phytocosmetic is undoubtedly attractive for sustainable development. Herein, the small pieces of tomato were dried at 60oC for 6 hours to remove the water. The chloroform solvent was used for extraction by a 1:10 (w/v) ratio for 24 hours without light exposure. The yield was 0.273% compared with the dry tomato. Besides, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 111.49 ± 0.31 μg gallic acid equivalents/mg extract and 150.15 ± 2.17 μg quercetin equivalents/mg extract, respectively. The anti-aging serum containing 0.10% tomato extract was an ideal topically phytocosmetic that was stable after physical evaluations, had no irritation by voluntary assessment as well, and had a uniform diameter of O/W droplet around 40 µm with a potential antioxidant for daily application. Therefore, we have formulated an anti-aging serum containing tomato extract for nourishing the outside beauty and taking care of inside health.
EVALUATION OF ENERGY SAVING EFFICIENCY OF BOILER COMBINED WITH HEAT PUMP FOR SUPPLEMENTARY FEED WATER HEATING
Authors: Kien Quoc Vo  , Thi Phuong Tuyen Nguyen
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the integration of heat pumps for heating boiler feedwater and evaluates the impacts of feedwater temperature and condensate recovery rates on fuel consumption, energy efficiency, and CO2 emissions. The results show that using heat pumps significantly reduces boiler fuel consumption, especially when the feedwater temperature increases and the condensate recovery rate is high. The COP (Coefficient of Performance) of the heat pump gradually decreases as the water temperature rises; however, heating the water at lower temperatures yields better economic and energy efficiency. Economically, heat pumps provide substantial benefits, with maximum cost savings achieved at a water temperature of 75°C. Additionally, integrating heat pumps reduces CO2 emissions, particularly in boilers without condensate recovery, with the highest emission reduction reaching 17.8 kgCO2 per ton of steam. These findings demonstrate that using heat pumps is not only energy-efficient and cost-effective but also contributes to environmental protection by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Protection Relays Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ngo Minh Khoa , Huynh Van Trong , Vo Hoang Long , Pham Thi Nha Han
Published: December 2024

This paper studies on establishing the mathematical optimization formulation to coordinate the operating times of directional overcurrent relays in transmission networks. The objective function of this optimization formulation is to minimize the total operation time of all directional overcurrent relays, and it must satisfy the highly nonlinear constraints such as the time multiplier setting range, the plug setting range, and the coordination time interval between the primary and backup relay pair. The optimal variables consist of the time multiplier setting and the plug setting which are determined by applying the genetic algorithm on MATLAB software. This optimization formulation is evaluated and validated via the simulation results of the test systems including the 4-bus network and 9-bus network. These test systems are modeled and simulated by using PowerWorld software to calculate the power flow results in the steady state and the short-circuit currents flowing the primary/backup relay pair. The simulation results confirm that the operating time coordination of directional overcurrent relays is capable of meeting the requirements of a relay protection system, improving the reliability of power system.
Natural Fibers from Vietnam Coffee Grounds as a Potential Reinforcement for Biocomposite Materials
Authors: Phan Duong My Tien , Pham Thanh Qui , Nguyen Chi Thanh
Published: December 2024

Coffee grounds were a common agricultural byproduct available in large quantities in many countries, containing a relatively high cellulose content of approximately 26.6–31.3%. Extracting cellulose fibers from coffee grounds was therefore both economically and environmentally significant. This study aimed to extract cellulose fibers from coffee grounds using a non-toxic and cost-efficient alkaline hydrogen peroxide extraction method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results indicated that, after being dried, the cellulose fibers tended to aggregate into bundles, with no individual fibers observed. The extraction yield was found to be 63.24%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed absorption peaks at wavenumbers corresponding to O-H, C-H, and C-O-C group vibrations, characteristic of the chemical structure of cellulose. The crystallinity index determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique of the extracted cellulose fibers was 38.9%, higher than that of the raw coffee grounds. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) result indicated that the thermal stability of the obtained cellulose fibers was relatively lower than that of the coffee grounds. The obtained cellulose fibers have potential application as a reinforcing agent for biocomposite materials.
CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE EM IDOSOS: PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS NO INTERIOR DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL/RS
Authors: Silva Tiago Tavares Vieira da , Borges Daniela Teixeira , Carvalho Lucimar Maria Fossatti de
Published: December 2024

Este artigo avaliou o perfil epidemiológico em idosos, identificando as doenças mais prevalentes que os acometem. Estudo com abordagem metodológica observacional retrospectiva, transversal, descritiva, quantitativa e qualitativa, realizado nas Unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) de Santa Marta, Donária, São Luiz Gonzaga e Parque Farroupilha no município de Passo Fundo/RS, no período de agosto de 2020 até julho de 2021. Na amostra (n=228) foram incluídos dados de pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de ambos os sexos e atendidos no ano de 2019. Os dados referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico e patológico foram coletados em prontuários físicos e digitais nas respectivas UBS. Observou-se um predomínio formado por 67,5% do sexo feminino, sendo que a maioria (56,6%) se encontrava na faixa etária entre 60 até 69 anos, com uma média de idade de 70+-7,8 anos. As maiores prevalências encontradas em relação ao perfil epidemiológico dos idosos foram a   hipertensão arterial sistêmica (71,9%), dislipidemia (32,5%), diabetes mellitus (31,1%), gastrite e hipotireoidismo (16%) e depressão e transtorno ansioso (14%). As principais características associadas à essas doenças estão relacionadas com o tabagismo e o etilismo. Faz-se necessário intensificar o desenvolvimento de estratégias à gestão em saúde, visando qualificar o atendimento oferecido à comunidade, proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida para essa população. Bem como conhecer as características das doenças investigadas.