bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penguatan Manajemen Pengelolaan Spesimen Darah pada Petugas ATLM dan Perawat di Puskesmas Denpasar Utara
Authors: Cahyani Anak Agung Ayu Eka , Jayanti Desak Made Ari Dwi , Sintari Silvia Ni Nyoman , Wahyudi Hendro , Dharma I Dewa Gede Candra
Published: January 2025

Laboratory tests must be carried out according to existing procedures, so that accurate, fast and reliable results are obtained. Pre-analytical stage errors contribute the most to laboratory errors, namely 61%. Community Service activities for Medical Laboratory Technologists (ATLM) aim to provide understanding and reinforcement regarding blood specimen management. The targets of this activity are ATLM and nurses working at UPTD Puskesmas I North Denpasar, UPTD Puskesmas II North Denpasar, UPTD Puskesmas III North Denpasar as many as 20 people. This community service activity was carried out in June 2023. Measurement of the level of knowledge about blood specimen management using the questionnaire method. Counselling on blood specimen management was carried out by speakers from DPW PATELKI BALI and TLM Lecturers related to research in the field of management. The level of knowledge at the pre-analytical stage is in the Good category with a score of 86.92%. In the management of blood specimens, especially handling samples before examination, there appears to be a downward trend in the number of errors in the number of samples that are lysed, lacking and clotted.
Pendampingan Pengolahan Pisang Menjadi Produk Layak Jual di Dusun Arjoyoso Desa Ampegading Malang
Authors: Hosniyeh Hosniyeh
Published: January 2025

This service is located in Arjoyoso Hamlet, Ampelgading Village, Malang Regency. Arjoyoso Hamlet produces quite a lot of bananas, around 1000 each year. However, even though bananas are abundant, they are only used for direct consumption and sold as fresh fruit. Therefore, this mentoring program aims to provide training to the community, especially farmers and small businesses, about good banana processing techniques, starting from selecting raw materials, processing, to product packaging and marketing, in order to improve the community's economy. This service uses the PAR method, based on Maqoshid Al-Syari'ah, the stages in this service are: socialization, interviews, distributing questionnaires, and FGD with the surrounding community. Meanwhile, the instrument in this research is interviews. The results of this service include successfully obtaining a SK Banana Usaha Group, halal certificate, NIB and P-IRT legality. This product is called Champion Banana Chips with four flavor variants, namely Chocolate, Salted Onion, Sweet Spicy and Sweet Honey.
STRATEGI MEDIATOR NON HAKIM UNTUK MENCAPAI KEBERHASILAN DALAM MEDIASI PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA BANGIL
Authors: Faizzati Savvy Dian
Published: January 2025

Divorce mediation in the Bangil Religious Court plays an important role in resolving domestic conflicts peacefully. This study explains the importance of mediation as an alternative to resolving disputes in court and highlights the challenges faced in the mediation process. The writing method used in this article is an in-depth literature review and analysis of mediation practices in the Bangil Religious Court. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation related to divorce mediation practices in the Bangil Religious Court. This study covers various strategies applied by non-judge mediators, including religious, psychological, beautiful past, family, and mathematical logical approaches. This study shows that the success of divorce mediation is highly dependent on the mediator's ability to apply appropriate strategies, taking into account the cultural, psychological, and social contexts of the conflicting parties. This study makes an important contribution to the development of mediation practices in the religious court environment, especially in the context of divorce.
PEMBATALAN PERKAWINAN AKIBAT WALI NIKAH TIDAK SAH
Authors: Raihan Meuthia , Hanapi Agustin , Amri Aulil
Published: January 2025

The legal considerations in Decision Number 24/Pdt.G/2020/Ms.Bna do not contain Islamic legal considerations, only referring to the regulations for granting the contents of the posita. This research aims to analyze Decision Number 24/Pdt.G/2020/Ms.Bna in terms of Islamic law which has a verstek decision which grants marriage annulment because the marriage carried out is considered invalid. The research method used is qualitative, namely decision research and literature research using a case approach. After analyzing the decision Number 24/Pdt.G/2020/Ms.Bna, it is relevant to Islamic law. If standard operational procedures at the KUA Baiturrahman District, Banda Aceh City are implemented properly, of course there will be no dispute in this case. The litigants and the community must also be honest and know their lineage well so that no marriage occurs unless it is a marriage approved by Allah Swt.
DIGITAL PUBLIC SPACE AND THE FACE OF INDONESIAN POLITICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Muhammad Farid
Published: January 2025

Reporting on digital mass media often vulgarly takes a position in favor of interests. Is the partiality direct, or is it in the form of framing? Television shows and newspaper reports have even become the public's 'breakfast'. The mass media is increasingly becoming a determinant of the cognitive menu of people's daily thoughts. And not a few are lulled into believing that it is the most true and authentic. This article directs attention to the role of social media as a digital public space for Indonesian people's cognition. By using Jurgen Habermas' theoretical frame on the public sphere, the author concludes that digital media plays a significant role in shaping the public's way of thinking which tends to be co-opted to political power and capital owners. This way of thinking then forms a mass culture that is prone to authoritarianism. The findings of this research also serve as a warning to stakeholders who must be more vigilant in anticipating the globalization of digital media which can actually change the face of political education and the future of our democracy.
PRODUKSI PROGRAM DAKWAH DI CHANAL YOUTUBE
Authors: Bob Andrian Bob Andrian , Doni Rifansyah Doni Rifansyah , Pilga ayong Sari Pilga ayong Sari
Published: January 2025

This research is related to the production process carried out by the Munzalan TV youtube channel on the dawn program reaching blessings. The focus of this research is to find out how the production process is carried out from pre-production to post-production carried out by Munzalan TV.  The approach used in this study is to use a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. In collecting data, researchers use several techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The research was carried out at the mosque of the munzalan ship indinesia Road. Sungai Raya in Gg. Imaduddin, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results of this study are to describe how the production process includes pre-production, production and post-production carried out by Munzalan TV On the dawn program to achieve blessings. In general, the results of this study show that the production process carried out by Munzalan TV uses three stages, the first pre-production at this stage the first is syuro, then prepare room control, prepare production equipment at this stage the image director must set the exposure segitigs, then prepare the sound, the next stage of production, at the time of production carried out is to prepare Youtube straming using sofwara vMix, then for the production image director no longer do the camera settings have stayed in one direction only, then the sound control that is carried out by the mosque takmir and connects to the soundcar which is the responsibility of the stramer and for the stylist cahata control there is no lightingman because hanaya uses mosque lighting, at the time of production also do records that are part of post-production,  In the post-production stage, what is done is editing and airing.
TELEGRAM AS A MEDIUM OF ACADEMIC INTERACTION (Study of Academic Use and Services for Students of the Faculty of Islamic Religion, Nurul Jadid University)
Authors: Dhino Ronal
Published: January 2025

Telegram is so popular on the campus of Nurul Jadid University, especially at the faculty of Islamic religion since 2018 students as active users. The development of the function of using Telegram, there are several factors, one of which is due to busyness and to make it easier for lecturers who require students and lecturers to conduct learning and notification of information through online media and especially on this campus that utilizes Telegram media. The purpose of this study is to describe Telegram which has relevant features in online information notifications from academic faculty, as well as to obtain illustrations of the process of student information communication to lecturers who use telegraph communication media. A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. Telegram is used as a correlation of students to lecturers is a communication process where it uses the internet and digital media when communicating as infrastructure tools from sopport media during the course ofacademic information communication, the use of telegram as the main benefit of communication to ease students in receiving academic information. Researchers get illustrations of all experience processes in using telegrams as academic information communication between education staff and students. Interpersonal communication via telegram can be a substitute medium when students and lecturers do not allow face-to-face interaction in progress. Information is sent via telegram to students. This motivates students, in improving academic activities such as paper consultation.
KARDİYOVASKÜLER HASTALIKLARDA GGT
Authors: Camgöz Avni , Suvarıklı Alan Beyza , Yilmaz Şahin Elif , Altunok Vahdettin
Published: January 2025

Hem beşeri hekimlikte hem de veteriner hekimlikte hızlı teşhis oldukça önemlidir. Özellikle veteriner hekimlikte hastanın kendini ifade edememesi, hekimleri farklı teşhis metotlarına yönlendirmektedir. Günümüzde hastalıkların teşhisinde ve uygun tedavi protokolünün hazırlanmasında klinik enzimolojiden sıklıkla yararlanılmaktadır. Çeşitli organ hasarları hakkında bilgi sağlayan enzimler konusunda akla ilk gelen karaciğer enzimleridir. Klinikte, Gamma glutamil transferaz (GGT), Alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) ve Aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) gibi bazı enzim aktivitelerinden sıklıkla yararlanılır. Bu enzimler karaciğer ve safra kanalı hasarlarında oldukça değerlidir. Ek olarak hem AST hem de GGT enzim aktivitelerinin kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi hayati önemi bulunan durumlarda da hekimleri teşhise yönlendirebileceği düşüncesi konuyu daha değerli hale getirmektedir. Bu enzim aktivitelerinin karaciğer dışındaki organlarda meydana gelen hasar durumlarında değişmesi araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmiştir. Gamma glutamil transferaz enzim aktivitesinin sadece karaciğer hasarında değil, çeşitli organ hasarlarında ve özellikle kalp hasarlarında kullanılabilirliği fikri giderek artmaktadır. Bu konuda oldukça önem kazanan GGT enzim aktivitesinin kalp hasarındaki konumu hakkında çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Yakın gelecekte GGT enzim aktivitesinin kardiyovasküler hastalıkların teşhisinde rutin olarak kullanılması olasıdır. Bu derlemede, GGT enzim aktivitesi ile diğer karaciğer enzim aktivitelerinin organizmadaki rolü, yaygınlığı, hastalıklarla olan ilişkisi, GGT’ın glutatyon olarak bilinen γ-glutamil-sisteinil-glisin (GSH) metabolizmasına sağladığı katkı, oksidatif stresteki rolü, kardiyovasküler hastalıklarla ilişkisi ve teşhis aşamasıdaki önemi gibi konulara değinilmektedir.
TİROİD HORMONLARININ METABOLİZMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ VE DEİYODİNAZ ENZİMLERİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: Ayan Burak Can , Yavuzoğlu Dünya
Published: January 2025

Tiroit hormonlarının karbonhidrat, protein ve lipid metabolizması üzerindeki etkileri yıllar boyunca kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılmıştır ve bu hormonların metabolizma üzerindeki etkileri ve özellikle de lipid metabolizmasında önemli bir yer tutar. Bu etkilerin düzenlenmesinde öncü olan dokularda farklı deiyodinaz (DIO) enzimleri görev alır. Bu deiyodinaz enzimleri; DIO1, DIO2 ve DIO3 şeklinde dokularda var olmasıyla beraber tiroit hormonlarını hedef dokularda aktif veya inaktif hale getirerek bulunduğu dokulardaki seyrinin, seviyesinin ve metabolizmanın düzenlenmesine katkı sağlar. Bu derlemede ise, metabolizma ile ilişkili olan tiroit hormonlarının karaciğerde, pankreasta, kahverengi yağ dokusunda, beyaz yağ dokusunda, hipotalamusta ve iskelet kasında var olan hangi deiyodinaz enzimi tarafından aktive veya inaktive edildiği ve bu süreçlerin metabolizmayı nasıl etkilediğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Symplectic Differential Reduction Algebras and Generalized Weyl Algebras
Authors:   Iowa State University, USA, Hartwig Jonas T. , Williams II Dwight Anderson ,   Morgan State University, USA
Published: January 2025

Given a map $\Xi\colon U(\mathfrak{g})\rightarrow A$ of associative algebras, with $U(\mathfrak{g})$ the universal enveloping algebra of a (complex) finite-dimensional reductive Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, the restriction functor from $A$-modules to $U(\mathfrak{g})$-modules is intimately tied to the representation theory of an $A$-subquotient known as the reduction algebra with respect to $(A,\mathfrak{g},\Xi)$. Herlemont and Ogievetsky described differential reduction algebras for the general linear Lie algebra $\mathfrak{gl}(n)$ as algebras of deformed differential operators. Their map $\Xi$ is a realization of $\mathfrak{gl}(n)$ in the $N$-fold tensor product of the $n$-th Weyl algebra tensored with $U(\mathfrak{gl}(n))$. In this paper, we further the study of differential reduction algebras by finding a presentation in the case when $\mathfrak{g}$ is the symplectic Lie algebra of rank two and $\Xi$ is a canonical realization of $\mathfrak{g}$ inside the second Weyl algebra tensor the universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak{g}$, suitably localized. Furthermore, we prove that this differential reduction algebra is a generalized Weyl algebra (GWA), in the sense of Bavula, of a new type we term skew-affine. It is believed that symplectic differential reduction algebras are all skew-affine GWAs; then their irreducible weight modules could be obtained from standard GWA techniques.
Video Game Therapy in a Neurosciences Critical Care Unit: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ziegler Megan , Kumble Sowmya , Zink Elizabeth K. , Tahara Nozomi , Vora Isha , Stevens Robert D. , Bahouth Mona N.
Published: January 2025

Background

Therapeutic activity after stroke is a component of early recovery strategies. Interactive video games have been shown to be safe as an adjunct rehabilitation therapy in the medical intensive care setting, but patients with neurologic disease were often excluded from those protocols.

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of individualized interactive video game therapy in critically ill neurologic patients.

Methods

Adults admitted to the neurosciences critical care unit during the observation period were eligible for inclusion. Wii sports games with the potential to target common neurologic deficits were categorized by our interprofessional team. We collected information regarding the number of sessions attempted, time for setup, indications of use, patient/staff experience, and predefined safety events.

Results

Twelve sessions were completed in 9 patients, mean (SD) age 48.6 (18.1) years, and sessions were led by nursing and therapy teams. Prescribed video game therapy sessions targeted the following recovery domains: coordination (70%), balance (50%), endurance (30%), cognition (30%), fine motor control (30%), neglect (20%), engagement in activity (10%), and vision (30%). On average, 4.7 minutes were spent for setup and 18.8 minutes were spent playing video games. No safety issues were identified. All patients indicated that they enjoyed participating in video game therapy.

Conclusions

In this pilot study, prescriptive interactive video game therapy in early rehabilitation was feasible and safe in the neurosciences critical care setting. Video game therapy may be a valuable complement to existing rehabilitation for critically ill neurologic patients and warrants validation in a larger patient sample.
Impact of Plant Growth Regulators on Salad Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Vine Length and Yield
Authors: Perera U. D. T. , Kumarasinghe H. K. M. S.
Published: January 2025

Training of salad cucumber vines is a very labour and time-consuming  task. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate  the impact of plant growth regulators(PGRs) on the length and yield of salad cucumber vines. The experiment al design used was a Completely Randomized Design with four replicates. T1=Cycocel (0.4375 ml/L water), T 2=Sodium Nitrophenolate (0.4 ml/L water), T3=Ethephon (0.325 ml/L water), T4=Paclobutrazol(250 mg/L wate r), and T5=Without PGRs (control) were the five treatments. Treatments were applied once a week. Growth parameter s were recorded weekly while yield parameters were recorded at harvest. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the  SAS software. Subsequently, means were separated by Dunnett’s test. Results revealed that the vine lengths were significantly low from the treatments T3 (Ethephon , 251 cm) and T4 (Paclobutrazol, 166.33 cm). The number of leaves per vine was significantly highest from T3 (Ethephon,  56 leaves) and T4 (Paclobutrazol, 42 leaves) produced the significantly lowest number of leaves per vine. Additionally , the significantly lowest length of internodes for the 14th and 21st internodes resulted from T3 (Ethephon, 3.36 cm,  3.33 cm)  and T4 (Paclobutrazol, 2.96 cm, 3.33 cm). The significantly lowest leaf area in the 15th leaf resulted from T4 (P aclobutrazol, 321.86 cm2) while the significantly highest leaf area in the 30th leaf resulted from T3 (Ethephon, 303.64 cm2). Furthermore, a significantly higher number of nodes per  1 m of vine length was reported from T3 (Ethephon, 17.66 nodes) and T4 (Paclobutrazol, 20 nodes). In terms of  yield parameters, the significantly lowest fruit weight (530.33 g), length (13.45 cm), and number of fruits (5.66) wer e recorded from T3 (Ethephon). Thus, T4 (Paclobutr azol) is suitable for shortening the vine length along with a  greater yield of salad cucumber vines.
Genetic modulators of diversity in biological expression of sickle cell anemia in patients from democratic republic of Congo
Authors: NGOLE MAMY , NGOLE MAMY , MBAYABO GLOIRE , LUMBALA PAUL , RACE VALERIE , MVUAMA NONO , DEMAN STEPHANIE , SOUCHE ERIKA , TSHILOBO LUKUSA PROSPER , VAN GEET CHRIS , DEVRIENDT KOENRAAD , MATTHIJS GERT , LUMAKA AIME , CLEYNEN ISABELLE
Published: January 2025

Background: So far, the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level is the most recognized modulator of sickle cell anemia (SCA) clinical expression. Variability in the HbF levels is associated with the SCA haplotypes and quantitative trait loci identified by  Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
Key words: sickle cell anemia, DR Congo, SCA haplotypes, HbF, single nucleotide polymorphisms
CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA: A MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION STUDY
Authors: Chen Yuzhan , Mu Qitian , Ouyang Guifang
Published: January 2025

Background
Previous observational studies have suggested a potential causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, the evidence for causal inference remains contentious, and the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. In order to delve deeper into the relationship between H. pylori and ITP, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Method
In this study, we used two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to assess the causality of seven different specific protein antibodies targeting H. pylori on ITP. 76 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to H. pylori antibodies levels were obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). Summary data of ITP was obtained from the FinnGen database, Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis was identified as our main method. To ensure the reliability of the findings, many sensitivity analyses were performed.
Result
Genetically predicted serum levels of H. pylori GroEL antibodies were positively associated with an increased risk of ITP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.802, 95% CI 1.106–2.936, P = 0.01799). No causal relationship was found between other H. pylori antibodies and ITP.
Conclusion
The outcomes derived from our two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrate a discernible link between the levels of H. pylori GroEL antibodies and an augmented susceptibility to ITP. However, it is imperative to expand the sample size further in order to corroborate the correlation between H. pylori infection and ITP.
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 expression in scalp basal cell carcinomas: does it differ from the facial basal cell carcinomas location?
Authors: Elkhamisy Fatma Alzahraa A. , Eesa Ahmed N. , Abd El-Moeze Nadia A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Scalp basal cell carcinomas (sBCC) exhibit greater aggressiveness than facial BCC (fBCC), leading to a poorer prognosis. Investigating the involvement of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) in sBCC could provide valuable insights into its pathogenesis and potentially uncover novel therapeutic avenues for managing challenging sBCC cases.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the expression of TROP2 in sBCC versus fBCC to enhance the understanding of sBCC and elucidate the role of TROP2 in BCC progression.

Methods

This comparative cross-sectional study assessed TROP2 immunohistochemical expression in sBCC versus fBCC lesions. Mean expression scores, determined through ImageJ analysis based on area percentage, were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between TROP2 expression and clinicopathological criteria in both sBCC and fBCC.

Results

The study included 40 cases of BCC, with 19 (47.5%) allocated to sBCC and 21 (52.5%) to fBCC. Scalp BCC cases demonstrated significantly lower age, larger tumor size, and a higher proportion of females than fBCC cases. TROP2 expression was significantly higher in sBCC than in fBCC. TROP2 expression positively correlated with aggressive histology in both groups. Histological type emerged as an independent factor influencing TROP2 expression at both anatomical sites, while tumor size independently affected TROP2 expression, specifically in sBCC cases.

Conclusion

sBCC exhibits distinctive clinicopathological features compared with fBCC. The higher TROP2 expression in sBCC may account for its documented aggressive nature compared with fBCC. Anti-TROP2 targeted therapy might have a promising role in treating challenging sBCC cases and merits further investigation.
Assessment of serum enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in atopic dermatitis patients in Suez Canal University Hospitals and its correlation with disease severity
Authors: Tawfika Noha Z. , Gomaaa Amal H.A. , El-Hamid Marwa A. , Abd El-Fadeal Noha M.
Published: January 2025

Background

The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) remains poorly defined inspite of recent advances in the understanding of the genetics of AD. Two main hypotheses have been proposed as regard the development of inflammation that leads to AD. According to the previous data from different studies about the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in allergic diseases, we suspect that it may has a role in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Aim

The early diagnosis of AD through assessing the serum level of EZH2 and its correlation with disease severity.

Patients and methods

This case-control study was performed on two groups. The first group included 30 AD patients; the second group included 30 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. The serum EZH2 level was evaluated.

Results

Regarding EZH2 serum level, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with AD patients having a higher level. There was a statistically significant difference between serum EZH2 level and disease severity. Serum EZH2 had a significant direct strong correlation with the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index.

Conclusion

In this study, EZH2 serum level was significantly higher in patients with AD. Thus, EZH2 may have a role in immune dysregulation encountered in AD and may act as an important predictor for AD severity.
A rare coexistence of pemphigus foliaceus in patient of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Jain Sonia P. , Harode Shantanu , Sonkusale Pratiksha , Deshmukh Abhay
Published: January 2025

Pemphigus foliaceus is the blistering autoimmune illness, characterized by antibodies against the cell adhesion molecules which cause subcorneal cleft formation. Pemphigus predisposition is influenced by hereditary, environmental, and patient factors. Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant genetic illness that causes hamartomatous growth in several organs, notably the skin, brain, eye, kidney, and heart. Here, we report a rare coexistence of pemphigus foliaceus with tuberous sclerosis in a 75-year-old patient.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematous: a case report and literature review
Authors: Alatawi Amirah , Nasseef Omar , Alatawi Abeer , Albalawi Ghadeer A. , Mirghani Hyder , Mursi Ali
Published: January 2025

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) may be primary or associated with various diseases including malignancies, inflammatory bowel diseases, and rheumatic disorders. However, its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is extremely rare and only 29 cases were reported in the literature. In addition, only 10.7% of the previous cases were diagnosed simultaneously at the time of SLE diagnosis. We reported a case of 52-year-old- woman with simultaneous presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum and SLE.
Efficacy and safety of Oxalobacter formigenes in patients with primary hyperoxaluria: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Khan Ubaid , Mubariz Muhammad , Rezq Hazem , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Moiz Nasir Muhammad , Ul Ain Noor , Bazai Umar Khan , Khan Maleeka Zamurad , Abuelazm Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective:

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, results in defective metabolism of oxalate, leading to increased oxalate levels. Oxalobacter formigenes (O. formigenes) is a nonpathological anaerobic bacterium that uses oxalate for its survival and thus decreases the plasma oxalate levels. We aimed to use randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of O. formigenes in treating PH.

Methods:

A literature review was conducted for synthesizing the evidence from RCTs on Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL until January 2023. The outcomes were pooled using mean difference (MD) for continuous data and odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous data along with confidence interval (CI). The systematic review is registered with Prospero ID CRD42023404421.

Results:

We included five RCTs with 208 patients. The pooled analysis did not favor O. formigenes over placebo in reducing the plasma oxalate levels (MD: −0.00 mmol/day; 95% CI: [ − 0.01–0.00]; P = 0.06). Similar results were observed for urinary oxalate levels (MD: −0.01 mmol/day; 95% CI: [ − 0.12–0.10]; P = 0.86). There were no significant adverse events (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: [0.14–1.39]; P = 0.16) or serious adverse events (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: [0.29–2.25]; P = 0.67).

Conclusion:

O. formigenes was ineffective in reducing the serum and urine oxalate levels in patients with PH but has an acceptable safety profile. As PH is a relatively rare disease and few patients consent for the trials, stringent protocols are required in the future to achieve data accuracy pertinent for making conclusive recommendations on the efficacy of O. formigenes in patients with PH.
Effects of multiples hormones on intraocular pressure: A narrative review
Authors: Alkhaldi Ameenah A. , Jamjoom Hanan G. , Alessa Sarah , Alsulami Roaya Ayed
Published: January 2025

This research examines the effects of hormones on intraocular pressure (IOP), focusing specifically on estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, oxytocin, thyroid hormones, melatonin, aldosterone, dopamine, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The literature indicated that GH, IGF-1, progesterone, melatonin, testosterone, oxytocin, and estrogen were associated with reduced IOP. However, the impact of estrogen on IOP may vary depending on the type (endogenous or exogenous estrogen), the stage of a woman’s life (premenopausal or postmenopausal), and the mode of administration (oral or nonoral). Although testosterone was found to reduce IOP, a significant association between high IOP and testosterone was found in female-to-male transgender individuals. The impact of dopamine on IOP also varied depending on the dopamine receptors. The study was conducted based on a literature review obtained from Google Scholar spanning from 1980 to 2023. All selected literature directly or indirectly explored the relationship between hormones and IOP in animals or humans.
Utilization of eye care services among adults in a rural community in Rivers State South-South, Nigeria
Authors: George Datonjo Alwell , Nathaniel Godswill Inye
Published: January 2025

Background:

The aim of this study was to assess the awareness and utilization of eye care services among adults aged 40 years and above in Ndele, Rivers State.

Materials and Methods:

It was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Ndele, Rivers State. Eligible subjects were selected using the multistage random sampling method. An interviewer-based self-structured questionnaire was administered to each participant following which ocular examination was performed. Information collected included demographic characteristics, knowledge of available eye care facilities, previous use of eye care services, and barriers to the use of eye care services. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS version 20. Pearson Chi-square test was used to test the relationship between variables. P < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association between variables.

Results:

Four hundred and twenty-five subjects participated in the study made up of 240 males (56.5%) and 185 females (43.5%), with an M:F ratio of 1:1.3. The age range was 40–88 years, and the mean age of the subjects studied 53.6 ± 11.2 years. Findings showed that awareness of available eye care services was good 69.2%, whereas utilization of such services was very low 23.1%. Better awareness and rate of utilization were found with a higher level of education (P < 0.001), whereas no significant statistical relationship was found for age (P = 0.245) and sex (P = 0.394) in awareness and age (P = 0.415) and sex (P = 0.089) in utilization. Cost of care was the major reason found for nonutilization of the eye care services.

Conclusion:

In the studied population, although the awareness of eye care services in the community was good, the utilization of the services was very low, and the cost of care was the major factor reducing utilization. Therefore, there was a need to subsidize the cost of services by the government to improve uptake which will further reduce the magnitude of avoidable blindness in Ndele, Rivers State.
Assessing the role of blood glucose levels on intraocular pressure during pre- and postprandial phase in diabetic patients
Authors: Acharya Pavana , Kavitha C. V. , Nayana P. K. , Sandeep K. , Narayan Rathod Vishakha , Anusha K. S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) during pre- and postprandial phase of blood glucose estimation and to compare the changes in IOP between well-controlled and uncontrolled diabetics.

Subjects and Methods:

Three hundred patients with diabetes were assessed for IOP changes in the preprandial phase and postprandial phase. Patients were divided into uncontrolled and controlled diabetes groups based on hemoglobin A1c levels, and IOP changes in pre- and postprandial phase were compared between these two groups.

Results:

Among 300 patients in our study, the mean age was 63.29 ± 9.88 years. About 41.3% of our study population were males (124 patients), and 58.7% were females (176 patients). Out of 300 patients, 65 (21.7%) patients fall under the uncontrolled diabetes group. The average IOP in preprandial phase was 14.34 ± 2.25, and the average IOP in postprandial phase was 14.88 ± 2.26 (P = 0.001). The average IOP in preprandial phase of well-controlled diabetes group is 14.05, and the average IOP in postprandial phase is 14.48 (P = 0.001). The average IOP in the uncontrolled group in preprandial phase was 15.81, and the average IOP in postprandial phase was 16.37 (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Diabetic patients with uncontrolled diabetes showed significantly raised IOP compared to well-controlled diabetics. There is a statistically significant rise in IOP in postprandial phase of all subjects compared to their preprandial phase. Our study’s inclusion of central corneal thickness-corrected IOP has demonstrated that, in addition to influencing corneal thickness, hyperglycemia also affects aqueous humor dynamics.
Branch retinal artery occlusion and spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in cavernous hemangioma of the optic disc: A rare case report
Authors: Jathar Ketan , Singh Gunjan , Pissurlencar Shalaka
Published: January 2025

Retinal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. We report a case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) and spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in cavernous hemangioma of the optic disc. Fundus examination showed superotemporal BRAO with grape-like clusters of aneurysmal dilatations on the optic disc. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed the absence of vascular leakage in late phase. Surgical management included vitrectomy along with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injection and endolaser. Regression of hemangioma and resolution of BRAO was noted at 1 month postoperatively. Previous reports suggest that asymptomatic lesions should be observed, while persistent hemorrhages should be managed by vitrectomy.
Regional variation of risk factors among diabetic retinopathy patients in India: Findings from the INDO EYE study
Authors: Pillai Gopal S , Sinha Bibhuti Prassan , Sheeba C. S. , Barman Manabjyoti , Sen Alok , Sundaram Natarajan , Dickson Merin , Salim Ashid , Paul Geethu , KrishnanNair Deepthi Geetha , Choudhury Manjisa , Kumar Aniket , Jangidm Poonam , Abhilash Anjana
Published: January 2025

Context:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision impairment among diabetics, with significant regional variations in its prevalence and associated risk factors across India.

Aims:

This study aims to assess the variation in risk factors for DR, including demographic and behavioral characteristics, and to identify regional differences in the severity of DR across four geographic zones in India.

Settings and Design:

Data were sourced from the INDO EYE registry, encompassing six tertiary eye care hospitals across India. The study was designed to analyze and compare DR-related variables among different geographic zones: south, central, west, and east.

Subjects and Methods:

The study analyzed data from 7112 eyes of 3699 patients diagnosed with DR. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral data were collected, including age, gender, substance abuse history, comorbidities, and DR severity

. Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical characteristics. Chi-square tests assessed associations between categorical variables, and one-way ANOVA evaluated continuous variables across zones. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05, with analysis performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 28.

Results:

The study revealed significant regional differences in DR severity and risk factors. The central zone had the highest proportion of proliferative DR and diabetic macular edema, while the south and west zones showed better visual outcomes and higher proportions of certain comorbidities. The east zone exhibited higher substance abuse rates and a broader range of visual acuity outcomes.

Conclusions:

Regional disparities in DR prevalence and severity highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to address local risk factors and improve diabetes management across India. Enhanced healthcare access and tailored interventions are crucial for reducing DR-related vision loss.
To evaluate the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection in vascular pterygium before surgical excision in preventing recurrence comparing with bare sclera technique
Authors: Shaheen Nusrat , Ahmed Abdul Gafoor , Sajjad Sheikh , Rashid Wasim , Rashid Aamir
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection, questions remain regarding its comparative effectiveness against conventional surgical techniques.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection before pterygium surgery with bare sclera technique in preventing postoperative reoccurrence.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a comparative, randomized prospective study. Patients included were divided into two groups of 50 patients each. Patients in Group A received bevacizumab 2.5 mg/0.1 ml, and patients in Group B received subconjunctival balanced salt solution 0.1 ml. The primary outcome was recurrence of pterygium at 6 weeks and 6 months.

Results:

The total number of patients was 100. The mean age was 36.9 ± 8.67 years. The left eye was involved in more, i.e., 61 than the right eye 39. Majority of patients in Group A, i.e., 30 (60%) and in Group B 31 (62%) had Grade 2 pterygium, followed by Grade 3 pterygium in 17 (34%) in Group A and 15 (30%) in Group B. The recurrence rate at 6 weeks was 6% (3 patients) in Group A while it was 22% (11 patients) in Group B (P = 0.021). The recurrence rate at 6 months was 8% (4 patients) in Group A while it was 26% (13 patients) in Group B (P = 0.017).

Conclusion:

Subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab before surgery of pterygium is safe and effective in terms of recurrence and the complication rate for primary or recurrent pterygium treatment.
Pharmacotherapy, adverse drug reactions, and factors associated with clinical outcome in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Dayanand Anushree , Muraraiah Sushma , Raja S. Karthik , Khayoom Nishat Sultana
Published: January 2025

Background:

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy caused by a group of ocular conditions which lead to damage of the optic nerve with progressive diminution of vision. Medical management is currently the primary line of treatment in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of pharmacotherapy and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with POAG.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved 100 patients diagnosed with POAG satisfying inclusion criteria. The demographic, clinical, and treatment data along with ADRs to antiglaucoma drugs were noted. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The most commonly prescribed antiglaucoma medications were timolol (76%) and latanoprost (31%). The most common fixed-dose combination (FDC) prescribed was timolol + brimonidine (20%). Thirty-seven percentage of the patients needed switch over from initial medications and 16% needed add-on therapy by the end of 1 year. The most common ADR was redness of the eye (30.5%). The target intraocular pressure (IOP) was achieved in 65% of the patients after 3 months of treatment. It was found that target IOP was associated with gender and residence.

Conclusion:

Timolol was the most commonly prescribed antiglaucoma medication though it reported the highest number of ADRs. Timolol + brimonidine is the most commonly prescribed FDC. The target IOP was achieved in two-thirds of the POAG patients.
Advanced slit-lamp-assisted toric marker
Authors: Israni Neeraj , Kochar Shruti , Kadu Amol , Thomas Rwituja
Published: January 2025

Background:

Toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are meant to be aligned at a particular axis for spectacle-free vision for distance after cataract surgery. The evolution of topographers and optical biometers has made it quite achievable for us to aim for this. However, the result sometimes can be unpredictable. Errors in axis marking have reduced recently with the array of different toric markers in the market, but we still see postoperative refractive surprises due to faulty marking.

Innovation:

In this article, we present a novel Slit-lamp based TORic Marker (STORM) innovation, which gives us a hands-free approach to a reliable and accurate axis marking on the cornea. The axis marker is a simple modification to our age-old marker, with the advantage of no touch and slit-lamp assistance, which will make it error free and easy to use.

Conclusion:

This innovation answers the problem of a stable, economical, and accurate marking solution. The invention can be used for easy astigmatic axis marking of a toric IOL preoperatively, that is, before the surgery.
Recognising the intricate relationship between uric acid and diabetes and its impact on ocular diseases
Authors: Ramani Soumya , Harish Smriti
Published: January 2025

A 73-year-old elderly male with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension, presented to the outpatient department with a diminution of vision in both eyes for 3 months. He also gave a history of a nonhealing foot ulcer, hyperuricemia, and elevated serum creatinine. After examination, a provisional diagnosis of crystalline maculopathy associated with hyperuricemia was made.
Correlation of nailfold capillaroscopic changes using handheld dermatoscope with varying grades and severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot observational cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Raina Rohit , Chhabra Neha , Barnwal Shruti , Vasisht Shivani , Kansal Naveen Kumar , Kant Ravi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder occurring due to the long-term effects of diabetes mellitus (DM). Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is an in vivo study of microvascular circulation to predict the grade and severity of DR.

Aim:

The present study is a cross-sectional observational study that attempts to describe and quantify the NFC changes using handheld dermatoscope in type 2 DM patients with retinopathy changes and to assess whether it has any correlation with varying grades and severity of DR.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in AIIMS, Rishikesh, over a period of 6 months from August 2022 to February 2023. Our study participants were 54 Type 2 diabetic patients more than 18 years of age diagnosed with DR using standard Early Treatment DR Study. For all the study participants, a detailed NFC was done for all 8 fingernails (excluding the thumb), using a handheld dermatoscope. Abnormal capillary shapes were recorded by semiquantitative score (NFC score). The data normality was checked using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

Results:

Significant association was seen in the total number of avascular areas/3 mm, abrogated/bushy capillaries/3 mm, number of fingers involved excluding thumb, and total nailfold capillaroscopic score with varying grade of DR (P < 0.05). Patients with avascular areas/3 mm, tortuous capillaries/3 mm, and abrogated/bushy capillaries/3 mm were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in advanced diabetic eye disease and diabetic macular edema (DME). All patients with advanced diabetic eye disease and DME had any finger involved excluding the thumb with abnormal NFC score which indicates the highest correlation between the severity of retinopathy and involvement of microvascular abnormality in the proximal nailfold.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that NFC could possibly be used as an adjunctive tool in diabetics for diagnosing or monitoring the grade and severity of DR. NFC features are predominantly proliferative in early stages (capillary dilation, giant or bushy capillaries) and regressive in long-standing disease (such as capillary dropouts and avascular areas).
Relationship between Mild Genu Varum and Genu Valgum with Degenerative Hip and Knee Disease: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Liu Raymond W. , Weinberg Douglas S. , Streit Jonathan J. , Lasko Colin E. , Cooperman Daniel R.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Varus and valgus deformity of the knee are relatively common conditions, and clinical studies have associated both with increased knee arthritis in high-risk patients. However, the consequences of these deformities in a randomly collected cadaveric population remain unclear.

Hypothesis:

We investigated whether varus and valgus deformity are associated with hip and knee arthritis in an osteological collection.

Materials and Methods:

We studied 430 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 40 to 79 years of age at death. Specimens with obvious traumatic, infectious, rheumatologic, or endocrine abnormalities were excluded. Photographs of the femur and tibia in the standard anatomic position were measured for mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and analysis was based on deviation from the mean for each parameter. Degenerative disease of the hip and each compartment of the knee were graded, and associations were assessed with multiple regression analysis.

Results:

Mean age was 56 ± 10 years, mean mLDFA was 88.1° ± 2.2°, and mean MPTA was 87.2° ± 2.4°. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated strong correlations between age and degenerative disease of the hip and knee (P < 0.0005 for both). Degenerative disease of the hip was not related to knee alignment. Degenerative disease of the knee was increased by combined varus deformity but was not affected by valgus deformity.

Conclusions:

Mild varus deformity of the knee was significantly related to degenerative disease of the knee but not the hip in our study. In contrast, mild valgus deformity was not related to degenerative disease of the hip or the knee. These data are likely most relevant to asymptomatic patients with genu varum and valgum.

Level of Evidence:

N/A, anatomic study.
Assessing Mechanical Difference in Fulcrums for Balanced Cable Bone Segment Transport
Authors: Richmond Rhys Leigh , Kaszuba Stephanie V. , Tommasini Steven M. , Frumberg David B.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Multiple options exist for fulcrums in balanced cable bone segment transport (BC-BST) procedures, but there is no consensus among orthopedic surgeons on best practices. Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the mechanical differences between a variety of fulcrums used to perform this reconstructive technique.

Materials and Methods:

A custom testing rig was built to determine the tension-modifying effects of different fulcrums on the BC-BST system.

Results:

The stiffness of the system was inversely related to the displacement of the spring, and the least stiff system occurred in fulcrums without threads and of larger diameter.

Conclusion:

These observed differences suggest that the diameter and type of fulcrum used impact the BC-BST system and there may be an opportunity for greater personalization of the pull tension.