bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feline Lymphoma: Patient Characteristics and Response Outcome of the COP-Protocol in Cats with Malignant Lymphoma in The Netherlands
Authors: Versteegh Hannah , Zandvliet Maurice M. J. M. , Feenstra Laurien R. , van der Steen Francine E. M. M. , Teske Erik
Published: August 2023

Feline lymphoma is currently less commonly associated with retrovirus infections as the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). This is thought to have caused a shift in the distribution of anatomical subtypes and eventually have led to poorer treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this change was also notable in the Netherlands, a country historically known for its low prevalence of FeLV and FIV, and to determine its consequences on treatment response. A 10-year cohort of 174 cats with large cell lymphoma (110 treated) were included and compared to historical data from previously published reports in the Netherlands. Of the 90 cats screened, only one tested positive for FeLV and three for FIV. The most current cohort had an increased age (median 8.7 years) and fever Siamese cats (6.3%) compared to previous reports, with alimentary (24.5%) and nasopharyngeal lymphoma (22.7%) being the most common subtypes. Sixty-six of the one hundred and ten cats (60%) went into complete remission, (CR) resulting in a median disease-free period (DFP) of 763 days, with nasopharyngeal and mediastinal having the longest DFP. The median overall survival time was 274 days with an estimated 1-year survival of 41.3% and a 2-year survival of 34.6%, respectively. Patient characteristics of cats with malignant lymphoma in the Netherlands have changed over the years, but this cannot be explained by differences in FeLV/FIV prevalence. Although the overall response rate to therapy did not change over time, for some lymphoma subtypes, longer DFPs were observed compared to 30 years ago.
Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species and Their Mobile Genetic Elements from Poultry Farm Environments in Malaysia
Authors: Syed Abu Thahir Syahidiah , Rajendiran Sakshaleni , Shaharudin Rafiza , Veloo Yuvaneswary
Published: August 2023

The prevalence and persistent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in low-income countries have received growing attention among the public and scientific community. Notably, the excessive use of antibiotics in chicken feed for the purpose of treatment or as prophylaxis in the poultry industry have led to a rising rate of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella species and its mobile genetic elements from soil and effluent samples of 33 randomly selected poultry farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Salmonella species were isolated on selective media (CHROMagar™ Salmonella). VITEK® 2 system was used to identify the isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Subsequently, eight isolates were subjected to the whole genome sequencing (WGS). Based on the results, Salmonella spp. was detected in 38.1% (24/63) of samples, with the highest resistance to ampicillin (62.5%), followed by ampicillin/sulbactam (50.0%) and ciprofloxacin (45.8%). Meanwhile, the identified serovars were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden), S. Jedburgh, and S. Brancaster. The most prevalent resistance genes detected include qnrS1, blaTEM-176, dfrA14, and tet(A). The IncX1 plasmid, with encoded resistance genes, was also detected in four isolates. Furthermore, mutations in the quinolone resistant-determining regions (QRDR) were discovered, specifically in the gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes. In short, surveillance such as continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and emerging trends in resistance patterns through farm environmental samples could provide information to formulate public health interventions for effective infection prevention and disease control.
Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of the Biotransformation of Diterpene Acanthoic Acid Using the Fungus Xylaria sp.
Authors: Marinho Andrey Moacir do Rosario , de Oliveira Claudia Maria S. C. , Silva-Silva João Victor , de Jesus Samara C. Anchieta , Siqueira José Edson S. , de Oliveira Luana C. , Auzier Jéssica Fernandes , Soares Liviane N. , Pinheiro Maria Lúcia Belém , Silva Sebastião C. , Medeiros Lívia S. , Costa Emmanoel V. , Marinho Patrícia S. Barbosa
Published: August 2023

Biotransformations are reactions mediated by microorganisms, such as fungi. These bioreactions have high chemo- and stereoselectivity on organic substrates and can be applied in the search for new bioactive compounds. In this study, acanthoic acid (AA) was biotransformed using the fungus Xylaria sp., giving the novel compound 3β,7β-dihydroxyacanthoic acid (S1). Both the AA and the product S1 were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. To identify and validate possible biological targets as enzymes or proteins involved in the activity observed in vitro, we used the molecular docking method. Hydroxylation at the C-3 and C-7 positions of the biotransformation product enhanced its activity against Escherichia coli as well as its binding affinity and interactions with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; PDB ID 4A7G). Based on our results, the SOD1 enzyme was suggested to be a possible target for the antioxidant activity of product S1.
Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline Resistance Cause Collateral Sensitivity to Aminoglycosides in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Hasan Mahadi , Wang Jun , Ahn Juhee
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate collateral sensitivity and cross-resistance of antibiotic-induced resistant Salmonella Typhimurium to various antibiotics. S. Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (STWT) was exposed to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tetracycline to induce antibiotic resistance, respectively, assigned as STCIP, STGEN, STKAN, and STTET. The susceptibilities of the antibiotic-induced resistant mutants to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline, and tobramycin were determined in the absence and presence of CCCP and PAβN. STCIP showed the cross-resistance to tetracycline and collateral sensitivity to gentamicin (1/2 fold) and kanamycin (1/4 fold). STTET was also cross-resistant to ciprofloxacin (128-fold) and collateral sensitive to gentamicin (1/4-fold) and kanamycin (1/8-fold). The cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity of STCIP and STTET were associated with the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and outer membrane porin proteins (OmpC). This study provides new insight into the collateral sensitivity phenomenon, which can be used for designing effective antibiotic treatment regimens to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
A Study on the Epidemiological-Molecular Role of Staphylococcus aureus Strains in the Development of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Tertiary Hospital in Brazil
Authors: Bonesso Mariana Fávero , Fortaleza Carlos Magno Castelo Branco , Cavalcante Ricardo de Souza , Sobrinho Moises Teixeira , Ronchi Carlos Fernando , Abraão Lígia Maria , Joo Hwang-Soo , Otto Michael , Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha Maria de Lourdes
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to explore the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients on mechanical ventilation and the participation of virulence factors in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients under mechanical ventilation, with periodic visits for the collection of tracheal aspirates and clinical data. The S. aureus isolates were analyzed regarding resistance profile, virulence, expression of protein A and alpha-toxin using Western blot, clonal profile using PFGE, sequence type using MLST, and characterization and quantification of phenol-soluble modulins. Among the 270 patients in the study, 51 S. aureus strains were isolated from 47 patients. The incidence density of S. aureus and MRSA VAP was 2.35/1000 and 1.96/1000 ventilator days, respectively; of these, 45% (n = 5) were resistant to oxacillin, with 100% (n = 5) harboring SCCmec types II and IV. The most frequent among the tested virulence factors were icaA, hla, and hld. The clonal profile showed a predominance of sequence types originating from the community. Risk factors for VAP were the presence of solid tumors and the sea gene. In conclusion, patient-related risk factors, together with microbiological factors, are involved in the development of S. aureus VAP, which is caused by the patient’s own strains.
Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Wild and Cultivated Rosmarinus officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extracts
Authors: Francolino Rosaria , Martino Mara , Caputo Lucia , Amato Giuseppe , Chianese Giuseppina , Gargiulo Ernesto , Formisano Carmen , Romano Benedetta , Ercolano Giuseppe , Ianaro Angela , De Martino Laura , Feo Vincenzo De
Published: August 2023

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is an aromatic evergreen plant from the Lamiaceae family. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical profile and bioactivities of hydroalcoholic extracts derived from wild and cultivated R. officinalis. The chemical composition of the extracts was evaluated via LC–MS analysis, which revealed the presence of a wide range of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic and terpenes. Both extracts showed a similar interesting antioxidant activity, probably related to their content of phenol and flavonoids. The analysis of anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and anti-α-amylase activities showed analogous inhibition, except for AChE, in which the wild type was more active than the cultivated one. Finally, in vitro studies were performed using the J774A.1 murine macrophage cell line, to characterize the anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant effects of the extracts. As expected, pretreatment with the extracts significantly reduced the production proinflammatory cytokines and ROS through modulation of the nitric oxide pathway and the mitochondrial activity. Importantly, it is observed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts was explicated through the inhibition of NF-kB and its downstream mediator COX-2. Collectively, these results demonstrated that these extracts could represent a starting point for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation-based diseases. Moreover, since no significant changes were observed in terms of composition and activity, both wild and cultivated R. officinalis extracts can be recommended for food and pharmaceutical purposes.
SIRT5 Activation and Inorganic Phosphate Binding Reduce Cancer Cell Vitality by Modulating Autophagy/Mitophagy and ROS
Authors: Barreca Federica , Aventaggiato Michele , Vitiello Laura , Sansone Luigi , Russo Matteo Antonio , Mai Antonello , Valente Sergio , Tafani Marco
Published: August 2023

Cancer cells show increased glutamine consumption. The glutaminase (GLS) enzyme controls a limiting step in glutamine catabolism. Breast tumors, especially the triple-negative subtype, have a high expression of GLS. Our recent study demonstrated that GLS activity and ammonia production are inhibited by sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). We developed MC3138, a selective SIRT5 activator. Treatment with MC3138 mimicked the deacetylation effect mediated by SIRT5 overexpression. Moreover, GLS activity was regulated by inorganic phosphate (Pi). Considering the interconnected roles of GLS, SIRT5 and Pi in cancer growth, our hypothesis is that activation of SIRT5 and reduction in Pi could represent a valid antitumoral strategy. Treating cells with MC3138 and lanthanum acetate, a Pi chelator, decreased cell viability and clonogenicity. We also observed a modulation of MAP1LC3B and ULK1 with MC3138 and lanthanum acetate. Interestingly, inhibition of the mitophagy marker BNIP3 was observed only in the presence of MC3138. Autophagy and mitophagy modulation were accompanied by an increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, our results show how SIRT5 activation and/or Pi binding can represent a valid strategy to inhibit cell proliferation by reducing glutamine metabolism and mitophagy, leading to a deleterious accumulation of ROS.
Development and Characterization of Inula britannica Extract-Loaded Liposomes: Potential as Anti-Inflammatory Functional Food Ingredients
Authors: Hong Chi Rac , Lee Eun Ha , Jung Young Hoon , Lee Ju-Hoon , Paik Hyun-Dong , Hong Sung-Chul , Choi Seung Jun
Published: August 2023

We investigated the potential of Inula britannica extract encapsulated in liposomes as a functional food ingredient with enhanced bioavailability and stability. Inula britannica, known for its anti-inflammatory properties and various health benefits, was encapsulated using a liposome mass production manufacturing method, and the physical properties of liposomes were evaluated. The liposomes exhibited improved anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 and downregulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2 transcription factors. Additionally, we observed reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and modulation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. These findings suggest that Inula britannica extract encapsulated in liposomes could serve as a valuable functional food ingredient for managing and preventing inflammation-related disorders, making it a promising candidate for incorporation into various functional food products. The enhanced absorption and stability provided by liposomal encapsulation can enable better utilization of the extract’s beneficial properties, promoting overall health and well-being.
EEG-Correlates of Emotional Memory and Seasonal Symptoms
Authors: Theódórsdóttir Dagný , Höller Yvonne
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate a potential all-year vulnerability of people with seasonal mood fluctuations. We compared behavioral and neurophysiological responses to emotional stimuli in summer between people who report seasonal symptoms in winter and those who do not. EEG was recorded in summer from 119 participants while they memorized 60 emotional pictures, balanced for valence and arousal. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was used to determine seasonal symptoms. EEG power was analyzed in the alpha and gamma frequency bands and in early (50–150 ms) and late (300–400 ms) time-windows over frontal, temporal, and occipital sites. Positive pictures were more frequently recalled than negative and neutral pictures, and negative pictures were more frequently recalled than neutral pictures (p < 0.001), but memory performance did not interact with seasonality. EEG power was overall higher in participants without elevated levels of seasonal symptoms (p = 0.043). This group difference interacted with emotional valence (p = 0.037), region of interest (p = 0.003), hemispheric differences (p = 0.027), frequency band (0.032), and time-window (0.018). This differential pattern of activation while viewing emotional pictures suggests a difference in emotional processing between the groups. The absence of behavioral effects but presence of differences in EEG activity suggests an all-year-long difference in processing of emotional contents in people who experience seasonal symptoms in winter.
Interactions of Oleanolic Acid, Apigenin, Rutin, Resveratrol and Ferulic Acid with Phosphatidylcholine Lipid Membranes—A Spectroscopic and Machine Learning Study
Authors: Dwiecki Krzysztof , Przybył Krzysztof , Dezor Dobrawa , Bąkowska Ewa , Rocha Silvia M.
Published: August 2023

Biologically active compounds present in the diet can interact with biological membranes (such as cell membranes), changing their properties. Their mutual interactions can influence their respective activities. In this study, we analyzed the interactions of oleanolic acid and phenolic compounds such as apigenin, rutin, resveratrol and ferulic acid with phosphatidylcholine membranes. Spectroscopic methods (fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering) and machine learning were applied. The results of structural studies were compared with the antioxidant activity of the investigated substances in lipid membranes. In liposomes loaded with oleanolic acid, the pro-oxidant activity of resveratrol arises from changes in membrane structure, leading to an increased exposure of its hydrophilic region to external radicals. A similar mechanism may be involved in the pro-oxidant action of oleanolic acid. By contrast, apigenin, rutin and ferulic acid are present at the membrane surface. Their presence in this region protects the bilayer from radicals generated in the aqueous phase. Lower antioxidant activity observed in the case of ferulic aid is probably related to weaker interactions of this compound with the membrane, compared to the investigated flavonoids. Appropriate machine learning models for predicting oleanolic acid and phenolic compounds have been developed for the future application of intelligent predictive systems to optimizing manufacturing processes involving liposomes. The most effective regression model turned out to be the MLP 1:1-100-50-50-6:1, identifying resveratrol with a determination index of 0.83.
CubeSat-Based Observations of Lunar Ice Water Using a 183 GHz Horn Antenna: Design and Optimization
Authors: Rastinasab Vahid , Hu Weidong , Shahzad Waseem , Abbas Syed Muzahir
Published: August 2023

Technological advancements have revolutionized the space industry, facilitating deep space exploration using CubeSats. One objective is to locate potential life-support elements, such as water, on extraterrestrial planets. Water possesses a distinct spectral signature at 183 GHz, useful in remote sensing and environmental monitoring applications. Detecting this signature provides crucial information about water and ice presence and distribution on celestial bodies, aiding future exploration and colonization efforts. Mostly in space remote sensing uses corrugated horn antennae due to high gain and radiation patterns but fabrication of corrugated antenna is very challenging or even impossible in some cases. To ease this challenge, in our research we propose ideas to transform a corrugated horn antenna into a smooth-walled design by using MATLAB Cubic smoothing Splines algorithms. We compare simulation results between smooth-walled and corrugated antennas, and we can see some improvements in insertion losses, Voltage Standing Wave ratio (VSWR), and gain. We also manufactured this 183 GHz antenna using a commercially available 3D printer by utilizing Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material. The antenna surface was then coated with a thin layer of copper using conductive paint. In the end, we practically evaluate smooth-walled antenna functionality and compare it with the theriacal results. Validating the antenna’s functionality proposes a cost-effective and accessible production method to be used in a CubeSat engineering model or university students’ project.
Design of Wideband Decoupling Antenna Array for 5G Smartphones at N77/N78/N79/WLAN 5 GHz Bands
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Yongshun , Hu Yao , Zhang Lijun
Published: August 2023

We propose a broadband decoupled antenna pair for 5G mobile terminals. The broadband decoupled design of this antenna pair is based on the characteristic mode theory (CMA) and defective ground structure. First, CMA is applied to obtain the characteristic current distribution of the antenna, then the characteristic current sensitive regions are optimized to make the antenna introduce new modes and obtain a wide bandwidth. After that, an antenna pair is added with defective ground structure to obtain a wideband decoupled antenna pair that has small size and high isolation. Next, an eight-element MIMO antenna system is constructed with the obtained broadband decoupled antenna pair, and a composite decoupling technique consisting of defective ground structure (DGS) and decoupling strip is applied to the two antenna pairs on the same side of the bezel to improve the isolation. The simulation and prototype test results show that the eight-element MIMO antenna with −10 dB bandwidth of 3.28~5.85 GHz mainly covers the N77/N78/N79/WLAN 5 GHz band, and the antenna pair are only 1.6 mm apart with good isolation (−16.7 dB), the ECC is less than 0.01, and it has a good total efficiency at the main operating frequency. Finally, the effect of a user’s hand on the antenna is briefly analyzed to verify the robustness of the proposed MIMO antenna system.
Feasibility Analysis of Adopting the Hydrogen Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing
Authors: Qiang Mingchen , Liu Mingzhe , Zhao Qi , Hou Yu , Yan Shaohang , Lai Tianwei
Published: August 2023

The hydrogen hydrostatic thrust bearing (HHTB) is a key component of hydrogen liquefaction that impacts turbo-expander characteristics. To analyze the feasibility of using the HHTB in this application, characteristics of HHTBs were calculated using a CFD model. To upgrade the performance of the HHTB, the impacts of bearing structure and operating parameters on static performance were investigated. Dynamic characteristics of the HHTB were studied using the dynamic grid method. It was found that the load capacity of the HHTB is less than that of helium-lubricated bearings but higher than that of air- and methane-lubricated bearings. The turbulent kinetic energy of hydrogen is higher than that of other gases. Load capacity can be enhanced through boosting supplied pressure, expanding the diameter of supply orifices, reducing gas film clearance, increasing the orifices quantity and setting a circumferential groove. A reduction in disturbance amplitude slightly increased the bearing’s dynamic stiffness. The dynamic stability of the HHTB was improved by a small film clearance in response to disturbance.
Parameter Optimization for Low-Rank Matrix Recovery in Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Wolfmayr Monika
Published: August 2023

An approach to parameter optimization for the low-rank matrix recovery method in hyperspectral imaging is discussed. We formulate an optimization problem with respect to the initial parameters of the low-rank matrix recovery method. The performance for different parameter settings is compared in terms of computational times and memory. The results are evaluated by computing the peak signal-to-noise ratio as a quantitative measure. The potential improvement in the performance of the noise reduction method is discussed when optimizing the choice of the initial values. The optimization method is tested on standard and openly available hyperspectral data sets, including Indian Pines, Pavia Centre, and Pavia University.
Prevention of Controller Area Network (CAN) Attacks on Electric Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Adly Salah , Moro Ahmed , Hammad Sherif , Maged Shady A.
Published: August 2023

The importance of vehicle security has increased in recent years in the automotive field, drawing the attention of both the industry and academia. This is due to the rise in cybersecurity threats caused by (1) the increase in vehicle connectivity schemes, such as the Internet of Things, vehicle-to-x communication, and over-the-air updates, and (2) the increased impact of such threats because of the added functionalities that are controlled by vehicle software. These causes and threats are further amplified in autonomous vehicles, which are generally equipped with more electronic control units (ECUs) that are connected through controller area networks (CANs). Due to the holistic nature of CANs, attacks on the networks can affect the functionality of all vehicle ECUs and the whole system. This can lead to a breach of privacy, denial of services, alteration of vehicle performance, and exposure to safety threats. Although cryptographic encryption and authentication algorithms and intrusion detection systems (IDS) are currently being used to detect and prevent CAN bus attacks, they have certain limitations. Therefore, this study proposed a mitigation scheme that can detect and prevent such attacks at the ECU level, which could address the limitations of existing algorithms. This study proposed the usage of a secure boot scheme to detect and prevent the execution of malicious codes, as the presence of one or more ECUs with a malicious code is the root cause of most CAN bus attacks. Secure boot schemes apply cryptographic data integrity algorithms to ensure that only authentic and untampered software can run on the vehicle’s ECUs. The selection of an appropriate cryptographic algorithm is important because it affects the secure boot schemes’ security level and performance. Therefore, this study also tested and compared the performance of the proposed secure boot scheme with five different data security algorithms implemented using the hardware security module (HSM) of the TC399 32-bit AURIX™ TriCore™ microcontroller through an electric autonomous vehicle’s control unit. The tests showed that the two most favorable schemes with the selected hardware are the secure boot scheme with the cipher-based message authentication code (CMAC), because it possesses the highest performance with an execution rate of 26.07 (ms/MB), and the secure boot scheme with the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA), because it provides a higher security level with an acceptable compromise in speed. This study also introduced and tested a novel variation of the ECDSA algorithm based on the CMAC algorithm, which was found to have a 19% performance gain over the standard ECDSA-based secure boot scheme.
Quasi-Static Cyclic Tests of Precast Two-Column Bent Connected with Both Grouted Splice Sleeves and Grouted Central Tenon
Authors: Zhuo Saiyang , Tong Teng , Lu Gan , Zhuo Weiding , Liu Zhao , Huang Jingzhi
Published: August 2023

Owing to the advantages of accelerated construction, reduced traffic disturbance, and enhanced quality control, precast segmental two-column bents are extensively utilized in urban and highway bridges, particularly in areas of low-to-medium seismicity. However, the application of this technique in high-seismicity regions is limited owing to insufficient knowledge about the seismic performance of such precast bents. To address this, the present study investigates the seismic performance of precast segmental two-column bents, focusing on the connection of “grouted splice sleeves and grouted central tenon”, namely the proposed GSS-GCT connection. For this purpose, three large-scale two-column bent specimens were fabricated and subjected to quasi-static cyclic tests: one cast-in-place bent, one precast two-column bent with conventional grouted splice sleeves, and another with the GSS-GCT connection. The benefits of the GSS-GCT connection under high seismic activities were demonstrated regarding lateral load-carrying capacity, displacement ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and residual displacement. Moreover, five levels of damage states were qualitatively and quantitatively divided based on experimental observation, which can be evaluated with lateral displacements. Furthermore, seismic assessments of the two-column bents were obtained using the capacity spectrum method. The proposed GSS-GCT connection could significantly improve the seismic performance of precast segmental two-column bents under high-level earthquakes.
High-Temperature Rheological Properties of Asphalt Mortar Modified with Spent FCC Catalysts
Authors: Wang Zhimei , Kong Lingyun , He Shengqing
Published: August 2023

Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (S-FCC-Cs) constitutes a fraction of the hazardous solid waste generated in the petrochemical industry. The resource application of S-FCC-Cs remains a challenge. This study aims to explore utilizing S-FCC-Cs in asphalt mortar as a means to enhance resource utilization. Five different S-FCC catalysts were used as substitutes for mineral powder in the asphalt slurry at varying proportions. The high-temperature rheology of the resulting spent FCC catalyst-modified asphalt slurry was analyzed using temperature scanning tests and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests conducted at different temperatures and substitution doping levels. As the proportion of alternative doping increased, both the phase angle and irrecoverable creep flexibility decreased, while the absolute values of the rutting factor, deformation recovery rate, and irrecoverable creep flexibility difference increased. Moreover, as the temperature rose, the phase angle increased while the rutting factor decreased. The inclusion of an alternative admixture significantly improved the high-temperature performance of the asphalt mastic. This improvement was attributed to several factors, including the increase in the elastic component, enhanced deformation resistance, and improved deformation recovery. While the high-temperature performance of spent FCC catalyst-modified asphalt mastic gradually declined with increasing test temperature, all performance indices remained superior to those of limestone mineral powder asphalt mastic. In addition, the asphalt mortar modified by S-FCC-C JX with a surface area and hydrophilic coefficient of 105 m2/g and 1.026, respectively, exhibited the best rutting resistance and resilience performances among the five mortars, suggesting that the two factors co-affected the high-temperature rheological properties of S-FCC-C asphalt mortar. Considering stress sensitivity, it is more advantageous in improving the high-temperature deformation resistance of asphalt slurry at the JX dosage of 20%. These research findings offer valuable guidance for the application of S-FCC catalysts in asphalt pavement.
Development of High-Performance Fly-Ash-Based Controlled Low-Strength Materials for Backfilling in Metropolitan Cities
Authors: Han Jingyu , Jo Youngseok , Kim Yunhee , Kim Bumjoo
Published: August 2023

Controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs) have been developed using various byproducts for backfilling or void-filling around pipelines or culvert boxes. However, these CLSMs have encountered issues related to their inadequate placement around underground facilities, despite satisfying the performance requirements, especially flowability, recommended by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) 229 committee. In this study, a new CLSM is developed to ensure a significantly higher flowability, lower segregation, and faster installation compared with previously developed CLSMs. This is achieved through a series of laboratory tests. To enhance the flowability and prevent segregation, a calcium-sulfoaluminate-based binder and fly ash are used in combination with two types of additives. The measured flowability of the new CLSM is 700 mm, while its compressive strength and bleeding satisfy the general criteria specified by the ACI 229R-13. In addition, the performance of the developed CLSM is compared with that of predeveloped CLSMs. The new CLSM was not only shown to exhibit the highest flowability, but also to satisfy the specified requirements for compressive strength and bleeding. Overall, it is anticipated that the developed CLSM can significantly reduce the costs related to the disposal of old pavements, the installation of new pavements, and other construction expenses compared to the costs related to the conventional method, even though the expenses for the backfill materials could increase due to the higher production costs of CLSMs than soil. In addition, there is a need to investigate its field applicability in order to evaluate the precise costs, maintenance, and long-term stabilities after installation.
Real-Time Adjustment and Spatial Data Integration Algorithms Combining Total Station and GNSS Surveys with an Earth Gravity Model
Authors: Karsznia Krzysztof , Osada Edward , Muszyński Zbigniew
Published: August 2023

During the dynamic development of modern technologies based on advanced algorithmic and instrumental solutions, it is essential to integrate geospatial data efficiently. Such an approach is applied in all geo-information services, especially mobile ones, and is helpful in, for example, precise navigation or effective risk management. One leading application is deformation monitoring (structural monitoring) and displacement control surveying. In addition, spatial data integration methods are used in modern accessibility analysis, Smart City ideas, tracing utility networks, and building information modelling (BIM). The last aforementioned technology plays a crucial role in architectural design and construction. In this context, it is crucial to develop efficient and accurate algorithms supporting data fusion, which do not strain the computing resources and operate efficiently online. This paper proposes an algorithm for real-time adjustment of integrated satellite GNSS (global navigation satellite system), total station, and Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) vertical direction data in a geocentric coordinate system based on a statistical general linear mixed model. A numerical example shows that the proposed algorithm of the online adjustment works correctly. The results of the online adjustment are the same as those of the offline adjustment. It is also shown that the GNSS measurements are necessary only at the total station points in the spatial total station traverse. There is no need to add additional merging points of the total station positions because the differences between the results of the online adjustment, including and excluding the merging points, are very small (around 1–2 mm in standard deviation).
The Levels of Markers of Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Heat Shock Proteins in Judokas and the Extent of Their Changes during a Special Performance Test at Different Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Pałka Tomasz , Ambroży Tadeusz , Sadowska-Krępa Ewa , Rydzik Łukasz , Wiecha Szczepan , Maciejczyk Marcin , Kacúr Peter , Koteja Piotr Michał , Vadašová Bibiana , Witkowski Kazimierz , Tota Łukasz
Published: August 2023

Background: Athletes in combat sports, such as judo, often experience muscle cell damage due to physical and metabolic stress. This study investigates the impact of anaerobic interval exercises involving both upper and lower limbs at different temperatures on physiological indicators. Methods: Fifteen judokas, with an average age of 20.7 ± 2.0 years, participated in the study. They had an average body height of 178 ± 6.3 cm, body mass of 76.3 ± 12.6 kg, VO2max of 43.2 ± 7.8 mL·kg−1, and peak power of 12.1 W·kg−1. The main experiment involved performing five sequences of pulsating exercise on a cycle ergometer for both upper and lower limbs. This was conducted in a thermoclimatic chamber set at temperatures of 21 ± 0.5 °C and 31 ± 0.5 °C with a relative humidity of 50 ± 5%. The sequences alternated pulsations of varying durations and loads between the upper and lower limbs, with a 15 min break following each sequence. Within each sequence, participants underwent four anaerobic limb tests. Biochemical markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method before and after exercise, and again at 1, 24, and 48 h post-exercise. Muscle cell damage was evaluated based on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and myoglobin (Mb) concentration. Results: Both temperature conditions elicited physiological and biochemical responses. Positive correlations were observed between white blood cell count (WBC) and LDH concentration at 21 °C, as well as between WBC and IL-6 at 21 °C. At 31 °C, correlations were seen between WBC and myoglobin, and WBC and LDH. Conclusions: Muscle cell damage was evident under both conditions, as indicated by increased myoglobin levels. These findings offer insights into training strategies and underscore the physiological responses observed in combat sports athletes.
Measuring Procedures for Evaluating the Surface Roughness of Machined Parts
Authors: Palová Katarína , Kelemenová Tatiana , Kelemen Michal
Published: August 2023

This article deals with the problems that arise during the evaluation of the surface of the components, which can have a fundamental impact on the functionality and service life of the component as well as the entire product. A fast method for estimating the condition and maximum error of the surface tester used for assessing the surface roughness of components was proposed. Using the secondary surface roughness standard, a uniform distribution law of the measured data was experimentally identified as a suitable model, according to which it is then possible to determine the coverage factor for determining the measurement uncertainty. The design of surface roughness measurement methodology for Ra determination is critical when selecting optimal settings of conditions and measurement parameters for various types of component surface treatment technologies. This is mainly due to the effect of the selection of the evaluation standard, the effect of the measurement speed, and the effect of setting the cut-off filter for the evaluation of the quantity Ra. Etalon samples of surface roughness realized by different technologies were used for experimental verification of these phenomena. Large sets of measurements were carried out on selected samples from each technology, and, accordingly, a methodology was proposed for determining the optimal number of measurements for determining the surface roughness of the investigated component, which represents an important factor for achieving measurement results with minimal measurement uncertainties at low financial costs.
Transmission Lines Small-Target Detection Algorithm Research Based on YOLOv5
Authors: Cheng Qiuyan , Yuan Guowu , Chen Dong , Xu Bangwu , Chen Enbang , Zhou Hao
Published: August 2023

The images captured using UAVs during inspection often contain a great deal of small targets related to transmission lines. These vulnerable elements are critical for ensuring the safe operation of these lines. However, due to various factors such as the small size of the targets, low resolution, complex background, and potential target aggregation, achieving accurate and real-time detection becomes challenging. To address these issues, this paper proposes a detection algorithm called P2-ECA-EIOU-YOLOv5 (P2E-YOLOv5). Firstly, to tackle the challenges posed by the issues of complex background and environmental interference impacting small targets, an ECA attention module is integrated into the network. The module effectively enhances the network’s focus on small targets, while concurrently mitigating the influence of environmental interference. Secondly, considering the characteristics of small target size and low resolution, a new high-resolution detection head is introduced, making the network more sensitive to small targets. Lastly, the network utilizes the EIOU_Loss as the regression loss function to improve the positioning accuracy of small targets, especially when they tend to aggregate. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed P2E-YOLOv5 detection algorithm achieves an accuracy P (precision) of 96.0% and an average accuracy (mAP) of 97.0% for small-target detection in transmission lines.
Seismic Reduction Analysis of Super-Long Span Suspension Bridge with Lattice Composite Tower and Damping System: A Case of Study for Qiongzhou Strait Bridge
Authors: Zheng Yan , Wang Yimin , Zhang Pu , Li Suchao
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we proposed a lattice composite tower damping system to reduce the seismic response of super-long-span suspension bridges. Taking the QiongZhou strait bridge as a case study, we evaluated seismic performances through a finite element analysis (FEA) and shaking-table tests. First, the seismic responses of a super-long-span suspension bridge with or without a lattice composite tower to far-fault and near-fault earthquakes were analyzed and compared. The influence of the lattice composite tower on the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance was then investigated using shaking-table tests. Finally, the influences of different damping systems on the seismic response were evaluated, considering factors such as the damper type, damper arrangement scheme and design parameters. The results indicated that lattice composite tower could significantly increase the seismic performance of super-long span suspension bridge, while the optimal damping system could markedly improve the energy dissipation ability of whole system. Subsequently, this could provide references to enhance the seismic safety of the super-long span suspension bridge under strong earthquakes.
Evaluation of the Effect of Biostimulation on the Yielding of Golden Delicious Apple Trees
Authors: Kapłan Magdalena , Klimek Kamila , Buczyński Kamil , Stój Anna , Krupa Tomasz , Borkowska Anna
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of N Pro and Seactiv Complex technologies based on sea algae extracts on the yield and quality of Golden Delicious apple trees compared to the standard fertilization program. Research conducted in the years 2008–2017 showed that the tree fertilization technology and the year of research had a significant impact on the quality and yield parameters. The abundance of seaweed extracts had a positive effect on the greater number of fruits per tree (pcs.), their weight (t × ha−1; kg tree−1), the percentage of fruits exceeding 7.5 cm in size (%) and the average weight of fruits (g) compared to the control combination. In most of the analyzed study years, total yield exceeded the 90 t × threshold regardless of the fertilization program. The use of technology based on sea algae extracts during 10 years of research had a positive effect on the quality and weight compared to the standard fertilization technology commonly used in cultivation.
Let Me Help You: Improving the Novice Experience of High-Performance Keyboard Layouts with Visual Clues
Authors: Grüneis Dominik , Kurz Marc , Sonnleitner Erik
Published: August 2023

Since the advent of smartphones, work tasks shift progressively towards mobile phones. The main hurdle of this progression is the substantially slower input speed of smartphones in comparison with physical keyboards. This input speed could be improved by using keyboard layouts optimized for use with smartphones. As these keyboard layouts are not commonly used, switching to them results in a poor novice experience with an initially decreased text input speed. Previous investigations confirmed that this poor novice experience can be attenuated by using visual clues accentuating the most probable keys. This gives rise to the question of which visual impression leads to the best performance improvement. Therefore, this article evaluates the performance of six visual clues with different visual impressions via a user study conducted with 28 participants. The results showed that the visual clue with a pop-up animation and the visual clue with an increased font size performed the best with a 4% and 3%, respectively, typing performance improvement. Nonetheless, the questionnaire and personal preferences part of the user study showed that a 4% performance gain is not enough to crown one individual visual clue as the best visual clue to be used with every individual. This leads to the conclusion that functionality to choose one personal preference is more important than focusing on one specific best clue.
Feasibility Study of Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method for Monitoring Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoirs
Authors: Eltayieb Mahmoud , Werthmüller Dieter , Drijkoningen Guy , Slob Evert
Published: August 2023

Tracking temperature changes by measuring the resulting resistivity changes inside low-enthalpy reservoirs is crucial to avoid early thermal breakthroughs and maintain sustainable energy production. The controlled-source electromagnetic method (CSEM) allows for the estimation of sub-surface resistivity. However, it has not yet been proven that the CSEM can monitor the subtle resistivity changes typical of low-enthalpy reservoirs. In this paper, we present a feasibility study considering the CSEM monitoring of 4–8 Ω·m resistivity changes in a deep low-enthalpy reservoir model, as part of the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) campus geothermal project. We consider the use of a surface-to-borehole CSEM for the detection of resistivity changes in a simplified model of the TU Delft campus reservoir. We investigate the sensitivity of CSEM data to disk-shaped resistivity changes with a radius of 300, 600, 900, or 1200 m at return temperatures equal to 25, 30, …, 50 °C. We test the robustness of CSEM monitoring against various undesired effects, such as random noise, survey repeatability errors, and steel-cased wells. The modelled differences in the electric field suggest that they are sufficient for the successful CSEM detection of resistivity changes in the low-enthalpy reservoir. The difference in monitoring data increases when increasing the resistivity change radius from 300 to 1200 m or from 4 to 8 Ω·m. Furthermore, all considered changes lead to differences that would be detectable in CSEM data impacted by undesired effects. The obtained results indicate that the CSEM could be a promising geophysical tool for the monitoring of small resistivity changes in low-enthalpy reservoirs, which would be beneficial for geothermal energy production.
Root Canal Preparation of a Commercial Artificial Tooth versus Natural Tooth—A MicroCT Study
Authors: Reis Tiago , Barbosa Cláudia , Franco Margarida , Batista Catarina , Alves Nuno , Castelo-Baz Pablo , Martin-Cruces José , Martin-Biedma Benjamín
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to evaluate by microCT the preparation of the artificial teeth (ATs), TrueTooth®, versus natural teeth (NTs): (1) the time and number of pecking movements needed for preparation; (2) the root canal volume increase; (3) if the pulp-colored medium has any effect on the 3D analysis. Material and Methods: Artificial and natural maxillary molars were used. Fourteen AT distobuccal canals and fourteen NT buccal canals were used for the first and second aim and fourteen AT mesiobuccal canals for the third aim. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the time and number of pecking movements (p > 0.05); for the root canal volume increase, a statistically significant difference was observed (p < 0.05) with a higher mean value for NTs; however, in the group of ATs, there was a volume decrease in three cases. The AT mesiobuccal root canal mean volume increase was also negative. Conclusions: There are no differences between the time and number of pecking movements between NTs and ATs, so TrueTooth® can potentially be used in endodontic training. The volume increase between ATs and NTs was higher in NTs. However, some samples showed negative values, also seen in the AT mesiobuccal canal, confirming that the pulp-colored medium has an effect on the 3D analysis.