bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Program Penyebaran dan Pengembangan Ternak Sapi pada Kawasan Sentra Peternakan Sapi di Kabupaten Merangin
Authors: Afriani Afriani , Firmansyah F , Hamzah A K , Rahmi R
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis program penyebaran dan pengembangan ternak sapi di kawasan sentra peternakan sapi Kabupaten Merangin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Teknik penarikan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Stratified Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian diuji dengan uji dan uji reliabilitas Data penelitian skala ordinal dilakukan transformasi menjadi skala interval dengan menggunakan Method of Succesive Interval (MSI). Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kelancaran perguliran ternak digunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Program penyebaran dan pengembangan ternak sapi di kawasan sentra peternakan sapi Kabupaten Merangin belum berjalan secara optimal. Cukup banyak tingkat perguliran ternak sapi yang masuk kategori lancar, namun sisi lain cukup banyak juga kategori kurang dan tidak lancar. Adapun tingkat kelancaran mengulirkan ternak sapi pada program penyebaran dan pengembangan ternak sapi di kawasan sentra peternakan sapi Kabupaten Merangin dipengaruhi oleh karakter peternak.

 

Kata kunci: penyebaran, pengembangan, sentra, sapi, perguliran
Impact of ownership and pay structure on voluntary remuneration reporting: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Behrmann Maximilian , Ceschinski Willi , Scholand Martin
Published: November 2018

Based on the global debate on the development of executive pay as well as the lack of transparent information that has prompted the implementation of far-reaching legal reforms, this paper aims to determine the quality of voluntary remuneration reporting of top management in Germany. To investigate the impact of ownership and remuneration structure on voluntary remuneration reporting, an OLS regression analysis is used. To assess the quality of remuneration reporting, we calculate a total score for 160 listed companies on the basis of a scoring model derived from four criteria. The criteria are individualized remuneration disclosure, use of the German Corporate Governance Code model table, information on the say-on-pay vote and on the role of the compensation consultant. This study comes to the result that reporting quality in Germany differs heavily and depends on ownership and remuneration structure. On the one hand, a high share of fixed remuneration shows a significant negative and the existence of family shareholders a simple negative impact on reporting quality. In contrast to this, a high percentage of the free float as well as highly variable compensation influence voluntary remuneration reporting in a positive way. Simultaneously, the company’s performance correlates significant negative while company size and leverage ratio show no effect at all. This paper extends upon prior research that has identified determinants of the voluntary individual disclosure of management remuneration in Germany (Andres and Theissen, 2007; Chizema, 2008). The new findings of this paper partly differ from former research and help to derive statements that are more current, comprehensive and go beyond the results of the previous studies. Furthermore, the insights offer implications for firms, theory, and new opportunities regarding future empirical research.
Metoda analizy konsekwencji zmiany wysokości podatku akcyzowego od piwa dla budżetu państwa
Authors: Sobiecki Grzegorz
Published: November 2018

W artykule autor przedstawia nieskomplikowaną, pośrednią metodę szacowania wielokanałowego wpływu zmian podatku akcyzowego na piwo na łączne wpływy państwowego budżetu w Polsce, korzystając z publicznie dostępnych danych. Kanały, które obejmuje metoda, to zmiany wpływów z podatków VAT, PIT, CIT oraz akcyzy na piwo oraz substytuty (głównie wódkę), pochodzących od producentów, pośredników sprzedaży piwa i substytutów oraz producentów surowców, usług oraz produktów pośrednich wykorzystanych do produkcji piwa.
Znajomość praw przysługujących konsumentom dokonującym zakupu żywności przez Internet
Authors: Szlachciuk Julita
Published: November 2018

Celem artykułu jest ocena znajomości praw przysługujących konsumentom dokonującym zakupów żywności przez Internet. Badanie zrealizowano wśród 600 respondentów będących w wieku 25–44 lat, dokonujących zakupu żywności przez Internet. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają, że rodzaj informacji udostępnianych przez przedsiębiorców, sposób ich podawania (które są konsekwencją obowiązujących regulacji prawnych) mogą przyczyniać się do postrzegania zakupów w sieci jako dobrej alternatywy tradycyjnych form sprzedaży żywności (sklepy stacjonarne). Jednocześnie warto zwrócić uwagę, że część ankietowanych nie potrafiła jednoznacznie ustosunkować się do praw przysługujących konsumentom podczas zakupu żywności przez Internet, nie zawsze też jest świadoma zasad składania reklamacji, co wskazuje na konieczność dalszego prowadzenia działań edukacyjnych skierowanych do konsumentów w tym zakresie.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FISICOQUÍMICAS DE TRES VARIEDADES DE CAFÉ TOSTADO Y MOLIDO CULTIVADOS EN NORTE DE SANTANDER
Authors: Parada Marisol , Caballero Luz , Rivera María
Published: November 2018

La calidad del café es el resultado de un conjunto de procesos que permiten el desarrollo y conservación de sus características físico-químicas hasta su transformación y consumo. El objetivo fue evaluar las características fisicoquímicas de tres variedades de café cultivados en el municipio de Toledo, Norte de Santander (Castillo, Colombia y Típica) de la especie Coffea arábiga.  Las muestras de café (600 gramos) fueron recolectadas, descascarilladas, tostadas, molidas y empacadas; el tostado fue a 130 ± 1 °C, tamaño de partícula mediano (NTC 3534).  Se realizaron pruebas de: pH, humedad (NTC 2558), acidez titulable (NTC 5247), granulometría (NTC 3534) y color (NTC 3534). Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente con un ANOVA de un factor estableciendo si existían diferencias en las características fisicoquímicas de las muestras de café. Las tres variedades de café presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre el pH y el valor de L en el color.
CALIDAD MICROBIANA DE LA CARNE DE OVINO DERIVADA DE LA EDAD DE SACRIFICIO Y TIEMPO DE MADURACION
Authors: Duran Osorio Daniel Salvador
Published: November 2018

Un índice que permite garantizar mayor seguridad sanitaria del consumo de la carne ovina en fresco es su calidad microbiana, que se debe alcanzar durante todo el proceso de producción y comercialización. En Colombia existen pocas plantas de sacrificio específicas y el sacrificio se hace a diferentes edades. Por ello, el propósito fue evaluar la calidad microbiológica de la carne ovina (corte rack) derivada de la edad de sacrificio y del tiempo de maduración. De canales de ovinos de 4, 6, 8 y 10 meses de edad y madurada en tres tiempos (24, 48 y 72 horas), se obtuvo el corte rack, siendo empacado al vacío (95%) y almacenado durante 20 días a 4±2°C. Se analizaron en los días 0; 10 y 20 coliformes totales y fecales, Staphillococcus auereus, Clostridium sulfito reductoras, Salmonella y Listeria monocytogenes. Se obtuvo como resultados que durante el periodo de almacenamiento, todos los tratamientos relacionados con la edad del animal y la maduración de la carne, presentaron carga microbiana que cumple con los requisitos establecidos por el INVIMA. La carne procedente de animales de 10 meses de edad fue la que registró menores recuentos microbiológicos. Por tanto, la edad del animal y la maduración no es factor influyente en la microbiologia analizada en la carne ovina. Palabras clave: carga microbiana, carne de ovino, cordero, maduración, sacrificio
EFECTO DE LA PASTEURIZACIÓN Y LA TEMPERATURA DE INCUBACIÓN EN LA FERMENTACION ALCOHOLICA DEL MOSTO DE MORA
Authors: Leon C , Jaimes Portilla Jean
Published: November 2018

La fermentación alcohólica es un proceso anaeróbico en el cual intervienen microorganismos los cuales actúan dependiendo de las condiciones intrínseca y extrínsecas que sean expuesto. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evidenciar el efecto de la pasteurización y temperatura de incubación en la fermentación alcohólica de mostos a base de mora tipo castilla, obtenida de una finca de Pamplona, Norte de Santander. El mosto fue ajustado a solidos solubles de 15°Brix y dividió en 2 pares de 2 litros. Una parte fue pasteurizada y la otra no, posteriormente se subdividieron cada parte en 2 para obtener, dos mostos pasteurizados y dos sin pasteurizar, a cada mosto se le adicionó 1 gramo de levadura enológica previamente hidratada. Dos de ellos (Pasteurizado y no pasteurizado) fueron llevados a temperatura de incubación de 30 ± 2 °C y los otros a temperatura de 20 ± 2 °C. Se analizaron los grados Brix, pH y alcohol durante los días 0, 3, 8 y 10. Los resultados incidieron que el mosto no pasteurizado e incubado a 30 ± 2 °C fue el que presentó mayor grado alcohólico, concluyendo que ésta es la temperatura óptima  para desarrollar la fermentación alcohólica y que a pesar de que pasteurizar e inocular con la cepa de levadura puede es un buen “Starter” para producción de alcohol.
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS PROPIEDADES FISICOQUÍMICAS COMO PARÁMETROS DE CALIDAD EN LA FERMENTACIÓN DE CLONES DE CACAO CCN51, TSC01
Authors: Vera José , Arrieta Alexandre , Quintana Lucas , García Alberto
Published: November 2018

La presente investigación se realizó en el municipio del playón, en la sede de Aguas Calientes, los clones de cacao evaluados correspondieron al CCN51 y TSC01 cosechados, el estudio se realizó con el fin de evaluar la calidad del proceso durante los días de la fermentación. El proceso fermentativo se realizó durante 7 días, con remoción de la masa fermentante a las 48 horas. Las mediciones se registraron en un equipo PTHr3, medidor de (temperatura, tiempo, humedad y pH), efectuando registros diarios, cada media hora. Las muestras se tomaron en cosechas diferentes y fueron fermentadas en cajones de madera, se tomaron 592 mazorcas sanas y maduras de cada clon y se obtuvieron 37 kilos de cacao en baba. Los parámetros químicos evaluados en el proceso arrojaron que el pH en los cotiledones no presentó variaciones marcadas, y fluctuó entre 5,1 y 5,6, En cuanto a la variación de la acidez durante el proceso de fermentación, se observó que la misma, en todos los casos evaluados, tendió a incrementarse sin mostrar cambios significativos entre días. En conclusión, las propiedades del grano seco variaron en función de los factores evaluados.
UNA COMPARACIÓN DE REDUCCIÓN DE RUIDO EN IMÁGENES DIGITALES UTILIZANDO UN MODELADO ESTADÍSTICO DE COEFICIENTES WAVELET Y FILTRADO DE WIENER
Authors: García Ugalde Francisco , Pérez Daniel Karina , Reyes Ruíz Laura , Cedillo Hernández Manuel , Nakano-Miyatake Mariko , Pérez Meana Héctor
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo presenta un método de disminución de ruido en imágenes digitales, basado en un enfoque Bayesiano de dos etapas con ajuste empírico. Se estiman los coeficientes de una transformada wavelet de la imagen donde se ha reducido el ruido, utilizando una estimación lineal con un criterio de minimización del error cuadrático medio. Estos coeficientes constituyen una estimación deseable de la varianza de los coeficientes wavelet de la imagen libre de ruido.
A Citical Review of Homeschooling As Alternative Education in Digital Era
Authors: Safar Mira Purnamasari
Published: November 2018

Education changes from time to time. In the classical period scientists learn autodidactically with iqra, reading the phenomena observed in the universe. When the era of the industrial revolution happened, education in general are in a schooling system which stiffer and less able to optimize the potential of students, so comes the concept of alternative education that is increasingly in demand and becomes people's choice. One form of alternative education that continues to grow is homeschooling where the flexibility of learning programs is wide enough and homeschooler can study anytime anywhere and with anyone in accordance with their interests, talents and potential. Nowadays homeschooling get recognition from Indonesia ministry department of education and homeschooler are given opportunity to continue their education to higher levels in public or private schools in Indonesia and overseas. Today we are in the digital era. Implementation of homeschooling before and in digital era is certainly different. The digital era like the two opposing sides of a coin, on the one side give a positive influence while on the other side carries a negative influence when it is less wise to use it. This research is a phenomenology research that describes homeschooling as an alternative education and how homeschooling is done in the digital era. The data were obtained through literature study and field study with respondents of homeschoolers in district of Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia.
TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC CHARGE THROUGH Al-Se95Te5ï€¼Smï€¾-Te STRUCTURE
Authors: Atayeva S. U. , Mehdiyeva S. I. , Isayev A. I. , Qaribova S. N.
Published: November 2018

It is established that current passing through Al-Se95Te5-Te structures is carried out by monopolar injection mechanism at participation of traps for holes. It is shown that the doping by samarium strongly influences on the current flow mechanism in the investigated structure due to changes in the energy spectrum of the local states.The local level parameters (concentration and energy state) controlling the electric charge transfer are defined with the use of existing theories of injection currents.Â
Critical analysis of the thermodynamics of reaction kinetics
Authors: Vincze Gy. , Szasz A.
Published: November 2018

Our objective is to show the weakness of the recent thermodynamics of chemical reactions. We show that such a thermodynamic theory of chemical reactions, which could be similar to the generalized Onsagerâ€™s theory in thermodynamics, is not reality at the moment.Â
Renormalization issues for a whole abelian model
Authors: Doria Renato , Chauca J.
Published: November 2018

Considering that nature acts as a group, a whole abelian model is being developed. Classically,Â new aspects were observed as elds collective behavior and elds interacting among themselves andÂ with mass through a global Lorentz force. This work analyzes some quantic aspects. PerturbationÂ theory means that we know about 1-PI graphs. In a previous work, we have studied the quantumÂ action principle, power-counting, primitively divergent graphs, Ward-Takahashi identities. ThisÂ work concerns the study of counterterms and physical perturbation theory. It introduces a wholeÂ renormalization programme which informations are obtained from the common gauge parameterÂ which establishes the elds set. It derives relationships between renormalization constants andÂ on perturbative persistence on one masslessness eld in the fAIg set. It also argues on nitudeÂ possibilities through a whole expansion for the graphs.
Newton's First Law of motion is not real
Authors: Wijesuriya K.H.K. Geerasee
Published: November 2018

Newton's first law of motion is well recognized theory for physics. But my attempt is to obtain a contradiction to Newton's first law of motion. It may be a challenge to the physics world.Â Consider an object that has carried to the empty space that has not effected by any external force. Then apply an external force with some heat. At time T=0, the force applies to the object. Then, after some timeduration, we take away the force. By considering the behaviors of fundamental building particles of theobject, we obtain a contradiction to the Newton's first law of motion.Â There are large number of applications of Newton's first law of motion. Specifically, for the space-based experiments, this new concept plays a major role.Â
Analysis of flow of polar and non polar incompressible ferrofluids
Authors: Nargund Achala , C. S Asha
Published: November 2018

In this paper, flow between two parallel plates is analyzed for both polar and non polarÂ ferrofluids. Velocity is obtained without pressure gradient for polar fluid and with pressure gradient forÂ non polar fluid. The solution of the spin velocity is found in terms of applied magnetic field and magneticÂ flux density for polar fluid. Shear stress is calculated for both polar and non polar ferrofluid.
INFLUENCE DU TRAITEMENT THERMIQUE ET MÃ‰CANIQUE SUR LES PROPRIÃ‰TÃ‰S MÃ‰CANIQUES ET STRUCTURALES DES ACIERS AU MANGANÃˆSE MOULÃ‰S.
Authors: Madani Saad El , Lenda O. Ben , Sabir F. , Elhamzi S. , Gziri H. , Ibnlfassi A. , Zerrouk L.
Published: November 2018

Molded Steel with manganese have approximately 1,2% C and 12% Mn, this high proportion of manganese gives to this alloy a stable austenitic structure onÂ  a room temperature. The experimental methods used for metallurgical studies are spark optical emission spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, micro-hardness and hardnesss test. Steel 1 is heat-treated constitued by 15,516 %Â  of manganese, 2,677 % ofÂ  chromuim and 1,286 % of carbon. Steel 2 is mechanically treated contains 13,454 % of manganese, 1,721 % of chromuim and 1,213 % of carbon . Steel 1 has sustained quench at 1070Â°C, for two differentsÂ  maintaining times on oven 30 and 50 minutes for a thickness of 150 millimeters then for two differentsÂ  thickness 100 and 150 millimeters for a time of 50 minutes. When maintaining time on the oven increase for low dimension, surfaceâ€™s alloy become more ductile. We have applied a mechanical treatement manually on steel 2 surface, his hardness increase significantly.
The Graviton: An Emergent Solution From The Equivalence of Universal Magnetic Field Intensity and Radiant Flux Density
Authors: Persinger Michael A
Published: November 2018

Measurements have shown an inverse association between natural electromagnetic intensities and irradiance from background photons. In general for every ~10-12 WÂ·m-2 increase in photon radiant flux densitythere was a1 nT decrease in intensity of the ambient static (geo-)magnetic field. Dimensional equivalence of the two quantities required the latter to be multiplied by ~10-3 AÂ·s-1.Â  Assuming ~1079 particles universally, each with a unit charge, the rest mass of that particle would be ~10-65 kg or the median solution for the graviton. On the bases of the calculations and conceptual inferences, entanglement phenomena across the space-time that defines the universe could be mediated by a gravitational field whose quantized component, the mass of a graviton, when expressed as the square of the hypothetical entanglement velocity, is light.Â  This velocity (1023 mÂ·s-1) is derivable from independent approaches that require the consideration of the universe as a single set. If this inference derived form empirical measurements is valid, then there is additional evidence that â€œexcess correlationâ€ and entanglement of photons anywhere in the universe is mediated by quantized components of a gravitational field that is contained within the total spatial and temporal boundaries.
A Study on Baryon Masses with Diquark as Composite Fermion
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Ghosh R. , Chakrabarti B.
Published: November 2018

Diquarks are described in the framework of composite fermion (CF) model of quasi particle. The masses of the light Â [Î›0, Î£-, Îž-, Î©-], heavy [Î›+c, Î›0b, Î£+c, Î£0b, Îž0c, Îž0b, Î©0c, Î©-b], doubly heavy Â [Îž++cc ,Îž+cc, Îž0cb, Îž+cb ,Îž0bb, Îž-bb, Î©+cc, Î©0cb, Î©-bb ] and triply heavy [Î©ccc, Î©ccb, Î©cbb, Î©bbb] baryons have been studied for JP = (1/ 2)+ and (3/2)+ states, considering the diquark-quark configuration for the baryons. The results are found to be in good agreement with available experimental data and other theoretical works.
The Development of Relativity and Einstein
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: November 2018

There are errors in general relativity that must be rectified. As Zhou pointed out, Einsteinâ€™s covariance principle is proven to be invalid by explicit examples. Linearization is conditionally valid. Pauli's version of the equivalence principle is impossible in mathematics. Einstein's adaptation of the distance in Riemannian geometry is invalid in physics as pointed out by Whitehead. Moreover, it is inconsistent with the calculation on the bending of light, for which a Euclidean-like framework is necessary. Thus, the interpretation of the Hubble redshifts as due to receding velocities of stars is invalid. The Einstein equation has no dynamic solutions just as Gullstrand suspected. All claims on the existence of dynamic solutions for the Einstein equation are due to mistakes in non-linear mathematics. For the existence of a dynamic solution, the Einstein equation must be modified to the Lorentz-Levy-Einstein equation that have additionally a gravitational energy-stress tensor with an anti-gravity coupling. The existence of photons is a consequence of general relativity. Thus, the space-time singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose are actually irrelevant to physics because their energy conditions cannot be satisfied. The positive mass theorem of Schoen and Yau is misleading because invalid implicit assumptions are used as Hawking and Penrose did. There are three experiments that show formula E = mc2 is invalid, and a piece of heated-up metal has reduced weight just as a charged capacitor. Thus, the weight is temperature dependent. It is found, due to the repulsive charge-mass interaction, gravity is not always attractive to mass. Since the assumption that gravity is always attractive to mass is not valid, the existence of black holes are questionable.Â  Because of the repulsive charge-mass interaction, the theoretical framework of general relativity must be extended to a five-dimensional relativity of Lo, Goldstein & Napier. Thus Einstein's conjecture of unification is valid. Moreover, the repulsive gravitational force from a charged capacitor is incompatible with the notion of a four-dimensional space. In Quantum theory, currently the charge-mass interaction is neglected. Thus, quantum theory is not a final theory as Einstein claims.
Interpretation of infrared spectra of chalcogenide glasses Se95As5 impurited by samarium
Authors: R.I Alekberov , S.I Mekhtiyeva , A.I Isayev , H.I. Mammadova
Published: November 2018

In work investigated with method IR of spectroscopy of amorphous selenium andsystem Se95As5 containing impurity samarium. It is certain that, in IR a spectrum of amorphous selenium due to hypervalent defects maxima with different intensity are observed in 230 and 270 cm-1.Increase of the concentration of impurity samarium in spectrum Se95As5, the maximum arises with 400cm-1frequency which, are connected with SmSe3 structural elements.
Slow seepage of polar fluids through porous media
Authors: Alalibo T Ngiangia
Published: November 2018

A study of slow seepage of polar fluids through porous media is made using smoothed continuity equation and Darcyâ€™sequation in a porous medium. A transformation and approximate solution of the governing equations was carried out andits analysis showed that increase in both porosity and permeability result in an increase in the pressure of the fluid.Comparison with other studies also showed reasonable agreement.
EXCITON INSULATOR STATES IN MATERIALS WITH â€˜MEXICAN HATâ€™ BAND STRUCTURE DISPERSION AND IN GRAPHENE
Authors: Lokot Lyubov E.
Published: November 2018

In the paper a theoretical study the both the quantized energies of excitonic states and their wave functions in grapheneand in materials with "Mexican hat" band structure dispersion as well as in zinc-blende GaN is presented. An integral twodimensionalSchrÃ¶dinger equation of the electron-hole pairing for a particles with electron-hole symmetry of reflection isexactly solved. The solutions of SchrÃ¶dinger equation in momentum space in studied materials by projection the twodimensionalspace of momentum on the three-dimensional sphere are found exactly. We analytically solve an integral twodimensionalSchrÃ¶dinger equation of the electron-hole pairing for particles with electron-hole symmetry of reflection. Instudied materials the electron-hole pairing leads to the exciton insulator states. Quantized spectral series and lightabsorption rates of the excitonic states which distribute in valence cone are found exactly. If the electron and hole areseparated, their energy is higher than if they are paired. The particle-hole symmetry of Dirac equation of layered materialsallows perfect pairing between electron Fermi sphere and hole Fermi sphere in the valence cone and conduction cone andhence driving the Cooper instability. The solutions of Coulomb problem of electron-hole pair does not depend from a widthof band gap of graphene. It means the absolute compliance with the cyclic geometry of diagrams at justification of theequation of motion for a microscopic dipole of graphene where >1 s r . The absorption spectrums for the zinc-blendeGaN/(Al,Ga)N quantum well as well as for the zinc-blende bulk GaN are presented. Comparison with availableexperimental data shows good agreement.
House dust mite trapping kit
Authors: Tsai Jaw-Ji
Published: November 2018

Examination of dust collected from the homes of asthmatic patients showed there were significant numbers of house dustmites (HDM). The allergens generated from HDM are considered to be among the risk factors for asthma development.HDM can be identified in mattresses, carpets, quilts and pillows. HDM are about 0.2 x 0.3 mm in size, so they are onlyclearly visible under microscopic magnification. Therefore, it is important to develop a trapping kit to capture and stain them.We devised a trapping kit that is comprised of an adhesive pad and a staining agent. The adhesive pad is made of cottoncloth and is coated with glue, which can attract and trap HDM to prevent them from further spreading. The staining agentcontains nanogold-coupled monoclone antibodies, which can react with HDM through binding with group 2 allergens on thebody surface of HDM. After staining, both Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp)become visible to the naked eye.Our study showed that the HDM trapping pad can attract and trap HDM. The stainingagent makes them visible so they can be counted. This kit can help us to identify the predominant HDM infestation area inthe household environment. By identifying the infestation area, we can reduce HDM exposure and prevent the developmentof allergic disease.
OPTICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF PbCdS TERNARY THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION
Authors: Nkrumah Isaac
Published: November 2018

Thin films of PdCdS ternary compound have been successfully deposited using chemical baths containing cadmiumacetate, lead acetate thiourea and ammonia. The films were characterised using a variety of techniques. X-ray diffractionanalysis revealed that a number of prominent high intensity diffraction peaks originating from reflections of the tetragonallead sulphide structure. Several smaller low intensity peaks related to reflections of the hexagonal structure of cadmiumsulphide, were also observed. Scanning electron microscopy showed a compact layer with a surface composed of platelikeshaped nanocrystals of different dimensions with well defined boundaries. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopyconfirmed the presence of lead cadmium and sulphide. The band gap determined from optical absorption spectroscopywas found to be 1.9 eV.
Fusion and Breakup Reactions of 17S + 208Pb and 15C + 232ThHalo Nuclei Systems
Authors: Majeed Fouad A. , Abdul-Hussien Yousif A.
Published: November 2018

In this study the calculations of the total fusion reaction cross section have been performed for fusion reaction systems 17F + 208Pb and 15C + 232Th which involving halo nuclei by using a semiclassical approach.The semiclassical treatment is comprising the WKB approximation to describe the relative motion between target and projectile nuclei, and Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) method to describe the intrinsic motion for both target and projectile nuclei. For the same of comparsion a full quantum mechanical clacualtions have been preforemd using the (CCFULL) code. Our theorticalrestuls are compared with the full quantum mechaincialcalcuations and with the recent experimental data for the total fusion reaction Â checking the stability of the distancesThe coupled channel calculations of the total fusion cross section Ïƒfus, and the fusion barrier distribution Dfus. The comparsion with experiment proves that the semiclassiacl approach adopted in the present work reproduce the experimental data better that the full quantal mechanical calcautions.Â
Path to Lasting Peace
Authors: Reisi Asghar
Published: November 2018

Maybe many a time you looked at clock and realized passing time as normal or according to Einstein or Heisenberg theory have a deeper view about time and place acting.I was thinking about this great acting as you and always foul Iâ€™m closed and prisoned by this acting and as I researched about fundamental science I found a different and deeper view about affections of this acting. If I guess true you are thinking about coherency of peace and place and time. Before answer, I want ask a question. What acting can affect in putting out a lasting peace? There are different theories that I believe discussing about them just waste your time. I think peace means creating a certain sphere for all creatures. Where of humankind is one of the most affective and destructive kind of creations. Lasting peace appears when everybody do what benefits itself even itâ€™s obverse even itâ€™s surroundings.Maybe you understood the answer, maybe still thinking. By the way I recommend you to read main paper, because it is simple abstracted and canâ€™t be more abstracted, because maybe lose some points.Â
Assessment of Environment Traffic Noise Pollution in Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria.
Authors: E Esi Oghenevovwero , Ovie Edomi
Published: November 2018

The assessment of environmental traffic noise pollution in Uvwie local government area of Delta State, Nigeria was carried out using a well calibrated portable digital sound level meter (ModelÂ  CEL-231).Â  The sound level meter is an instrument used for measuring the exposure level of noiseÂ  in the field. The measurement was done three times/day (Morning session 9am â€“ 10am, afternoon session 1pm â€“ 2pm and Evening session 4pm â€“ 5pm) and readings were taken. The mean results measuredÂ  from the studied area ranged from 74.61dB (A) Â in the evening to 76.92dB (A) Â in the afternoon with mean average of 76.66dB (A).The obtained mean values of traffic noise when compared with the permissible level for road traffic noise of 65 decibels dB (A) in commercial area during the Day time, it was observed that theÂ  obtained mean level results exceeded the permissible standardÂ  limit. These high values can be attributed to poor maintenance of the vehicles, indiscriminate usage of pressure horns and Â present of heavy duty truck that load petroleum product and cargo containers from the Warri refinery and Warri port (Nigeria Port Authority) respectively. This study revealed that immediate health implication may not be observed at the present level, but long term health effects are probable in the nearest future.
Discrete Time Flowing and A Contradiction to Einsteinâ€™s Assumptions
Authors: Wijesuriya K.H.K. Geerasee
Published: November 2018

Due to the limited velocity of light, there is a time duration to propagate a light ray between any two distinct spacetimeÂ points in the universe. Upon that argument, authorâ€Ÿs attempt is to obtain a very specific result that may useful forÂ the Cosmology subject fields, string theory and the Astronomy subject fields.Â The final result implies that the time flowing depends on the space time location and time flowing is a relative fact inÂ the universe. â€œTime flowing is a relative factâ€ does not mean the notion in the Special theory of Relativity regardingÂ the relativity in the time.
Einstein's gravitation is Einstein-Grossmann's equations
Authors: Gomez Alfonso Leon Guillen
Published: November 2018

While the philosophers of science discuss the General Relativity, the mathematical physicists do not question it. Therefore, there is a conflict. From the theoretical point view â€œthe question of precisely what Einstein discovered remains unanswered, for we have no consensus over the exact nature of the theory's foundations. Is this the theory that extends the relativity of motion from inertial motion to accelerated motion, as Einstein contended? Or is it just a theory that treats gravitation geometrically in the spacetime setting?â€. â€œThe voices of dissent proclaim that Einstein was mistaken over the fundamental ideas of his own theory and that their basic principles are simply incompatible with this theory. Many newer texts make no mention of the principles Einstein listed as fundamental to his theory; they appear as neither axiom nor theorem. At best, they are recalled as ideas of purely historical importance in the theory's formation. The very name General Relativity is now routinely condemned as a misnomer and its use often zealously avoided in favour of, say, Einstein's theory of gravitation What has complicated an easy resolution of the debate are the alterations of Einstein's own position on the foundations of his theoryâ€, (Norton, 1993) [1]. Of other hand from the mathematical point view the â€œGeneral Relativity had been formulated as a messy set of partial differential equations in a single coordinate system. People were so pleased when they found a solution that they didn't care that it probably had no physical significanceâ€ (Hawking and Penrose, 1996) [2]. So, during a time, the declaration of quantum theorists: â€œI take the positivist viewpoint that a physical theory is just a mathematical model and that it is meaningless to ask whether it corresponds to reality. All that one can ask is that its predictions should be in agreement with observation.â€Â  (Hawking and Penrose, 1996) [2] seemed to solve the problem, but recently achieved with the help of the tightly and collectively synchronized clocks in orbit frontally contradicts fundamental assumptions of the theory of Relativity. These observations are in disagree from predictions of the theory of Relativity. (Hatch, 2004a, 2004b, 2007)Â  [3,4,5]. The mathematical model was developed first by Grossmann who presented it, in 1913, as the mathematical part of the Entwurf theory, still referred to a curved Minkowski spacetime. Einstein completed the mathematical model, in 1915, formulated for RiemannÂ´s spacetimes. In this paper, we present as of General Relativity currently remains only the mathematical model, darkened with the results of Hatch and, course, we conclude that a EinsteinÂ´s gravity theory does not exist.
Traveling wave solutions for the Couple Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli System by using extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method
Authors: Khater Mostafa , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A.E.
Published: November 2018

In this work, an extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method is pro-posed for constructing the exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. The validity andÂ reliability of the method are tested by its applications to the Couple Boiti-Leon-PempinelliÂ System which plays an important role in mathematical physics.
Controlling of N-P Junction Properties
Authors: Wagh Sanjay M.
Published: November 2018

Characteristics of cylindrical N-P junction are shown to be interestingly different than those ofÂ  planar N-P junction, thereby permitting better control of its luminescence properties.
Stagnation-Point Flow Towards a Heated Porous stretching Sheet Through a Porous Medium with Thermal Radiation and Variable Viscosity
Authors: Salama Faiza Ahmed
Published: November 2018

An analysis is made for the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow in a porous medium of an incompressible viscous fluid towards a permeable stretching surface with variable viscosity and thermal radiation. The viscosity of the fluid is assumed to be an inverse linear function of the fluid temperature. The stretching velocityÂ  and the surface temperature are assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the stagnation point. The governing equations for the problem where changed to dimensionless ordinary differential equations using scaling group of transformations. The transformed governing equations in the present study wereÂ  solved numerically by usingÂ  Rung-Kutta and Shooting method. Favorable comparison with previously published work is performed. A comparison between the analytical and numerical solutions hasÂ  been included. The numericalÂ  solutions are presented to illustrate the influence of the various values of the ratio of free stream velocity and stretching velocity, the viscosity variation parameter and the porosity parameter. These effects of the different parameter on the velocity and temperature profiles in the boundary layer as well as the coefficient of heat flux and shearingÂ  stress at the surface are presented graphically to show interesting aspects of the solution.
Effect of BaO on physical, optical and structural characteristics of ZnOâ€“ Al2O3â€“B2O3 glasses
Authors: Saudi H. A.
Published: November 2018

Zinc barium borate glasses with composition (65-x) B2O3-10Na2O-10Al2O3-10ZnO-5Li2O-xBaO with (0 â‰¤ x â‰¤40 % mol)have been prepared using melt quenching technique.The density, molar volume and the optical absorption studies revealed that the optical band gap energy (Eopt) and Urbachenergy increase with the increase of BaOcontent.This is mainly due to the increased polarization of theBa2+ ions and theenhanced formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The IR studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [AlO6],[BO3],[BO4], and [AlO4] basic structural units.
A New Condition of Formation and Stablity of All Crystalline Systems in a Good Agreement with Experimental Data
Authors: El-Ashram Tarek
Published: November 2018

In this paper we derived a new condition of formation and stability of all crystalline systems and we checked its validity andit is found to be in a good agreement with experimental data. This condition is derived directly from the quantum conditionson the free electron Fermi gas inside the crystal. The new condition relates both the volume of Fermi sphere VF andvolume of Brillouin zone VB by the valence electron concentration VEC as ;ð‘½ð‘­ð‘½ð‘©= ð’ð‘½ð‘¬ð‘ªðŸfor all crystalline systems (wheren is the number of atoms per lattice point).
Characterization of high quality carbon nanotubes synthesized via Aerosol -CVD
Authors: Abdullayeva S.H.
Published: November 2018

new Aerosol assisted CVD method of synthesizinglarge amount ofhigh quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with good structural parameters has been developed. We report the optimization of the process by experimental variables of thesynthesis condition. The effect of temperature in the hot zone of the reactor was investigated, and 840-950 0C was chosen as an optimum synthesis temperature. CNTs, obtained with different solvents as a carbon source have been analyzed, and ferrocene volume in cyclohexane solvent was varied, as the result of which has been grown MWCNTs with diameters of 10-85 nm and a small percent of SWCNTs with diameters of 0.85 and 1.14 nm. The position of Fe nanoparticles in the CNTs was defined by TEM observations, which show that Fe nanoparticles
On the theory of the passive impurity distribution in the turbulent air flow
Authors: Jandieri George Vakhtang
Published: November 2018

The statistical model of passive impurity transfer in surface boundary layers of the turbulent atmosphere in the presence of wind is offered. Analytical expressions of the normalized concentration of impurity for arbitrary correlation tensor of the second rank of velocity pulsation when the emission source is located at a certain height over the Earth's surface are obtained. The effective coefficient of turbulent diffusion contains coefficient of molecular diffusion, longitudinal and transverse turbulent diffusion coefficients. Numerical calculations were carried out using experimental data of ground(-based) observations. The isolines describing distribution of the passive impurities at calm case are depicted at different values of a wind speed and at certain distances from a source. Dynamics of globules formation with various concentration of impurity transferred by wind is constructed. They have specific characteristic spatial scales and lifetimes.Â
Carbon nanotube: An indirect ~ 0 eV band gap material
Authors: Sharon Maheshwar , Kawale S. S. , Afre Rakesh , Sharon Madhuri , Bhosale C. H.
Published: November 2018

Thin film of carbon was synthesized from camphor (C10H16O) by CVD technique in hydrogen atmosphere. For the first time it is confirmed the presence of almost zero indirect band gap in addition to its direct band gap.. Carrier concentration with intrinsic carbon is found to be around 1021 n/cm3. It is suggested that unless the zero indirect band gap is Â increased carbon thin film Â Â cannot be used for making a p:n junction. XRD, Raman and SEM analysis are performed.
Equivalent Circuit and AC conductivity of Sr1.75Co0.25P2O7 compound
Authors: Souissi Adel , Guermazi S.
Published: November 2018

Sr1.75Co0.25P2O7 compound was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in the frequency and the temperature range of (209 Hzâ€“1 MHz) and (622â€“704 K), respectively. Besides, the impedance spectra were fitted to an equivalent circuit consisting of series combination of grains and grain boundary. The AC conductivity for grain contribution is interpreted using the universal Jonscherâ€™s power law. The approximation type OLPT model explains the universal behavior of the s exponent. The mechanism of conduction is probably due from the displacements of the Sr2+ ion in the tunnel-type cavities.
The efficiency of application of virtual cross-sections method and hypotheses MELS in problems of wave signal propagation in elastic waveguides with rough surfaces
Authors: Avetisyan Ara Sergey
Published: November 2018

The efficiency of virtual cross sections method and MELS (Magneto Elastic Layered Systems) hypotheses application is shown on model problem about distribution of wave field in thin surface layers of waveguide when plane wave signal is propagating in it. The impact of surface non-smoothness on characteristics of propagation of high-frequency horizontally polarized wave signal in isotropic elastic half-space is studied. It is shown that the non-smoothness leads to strong distortion of the wave signal over the waveguide thickness and along wave signal propagation direction as well. Â Numerical comparative analysis of change in amplitude and phase characteristics of obtained wave fields against roughness of weakly inhomogeneous surface of homogeneous elastic half-space surface is done by classical method and by proposed approach for different kind of non-smoothness.
Onsagerian Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Vincze G. , Szasz A.
Published: November 2018

We describe the basic quantum-mechanical categories and properties of the thermodynamical basis of Onsagerâ€™s theorem. 3 basic principles are used: 1. energy dissipation; 2. Hamiltonian formalism; 3. Onsagerâ€™s linearity. We obtain the 2 characteristic values of the observables, their main-value and the deviation, the first and second momentums of the probability distribution function, which we also derived also from the same principles.Â
Acceleration of Radiative Decay of Photon Counts With Increasing Numbers of Measurement Units: A Potential Large Scale Negative Zeno Effect That Matches With Lorentz Contraction and Photon Acceleration Durations
Authors: Dotta Blake T , Vares David A , Persinger Michael A
Published: November 2018

Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â Â The reverse Zeno effect whereby an unstable quantum state associated with radiative decay is accelerated by frequent measurements was demonstrated experimentally for numbers of â€œspontaneousâ€ photons in a 3 m3 hyperdark chamber during the 60 s following a burst of applied photons.Â  Numbers of photon counts were measured from one digital photomultiplier unit when either 1 (the reference) or 2, 3, or 4 units were measuring simultaneously. There was a median decrease of 50 photons per s with the addition of each additional simultaneous measurement by another unit. The energy was ~ 10-17 J per s and is equivalent to a wavelength of 10 nm. This quantity is equivalent to the energy of one neuron in the human brain displaying its upper limit (~1 kHz).Â  The results suggest that this increment of energy may be a standard quantity that reflects the numbers of measurements by similar photoelectric currents to the decay of a single photon burst. The approximately 30 to 40 s required for the decay of photons per unit to inflect towards asymptote is consistent with the solution for the Lorentz contraction for the shift in electron mass-energy (10-17 J) with a wavelength of ~10 nm. The 30 to 40 s value is a solution for several applications to novel calculations involving fundamental parameters within the structure of space-time.
Study Of Some Mechanical Properties For Epoxy/ SiO2 Nano Particles Reinforced With 6 Layers Of CM E-Glass Fibers Composites
Authors: Farhan Ahmed Jadah , Hilal Ruaa
Published: November 2018

In this study, the neat epoxy and nanocomposites with volume fraction (1, 3, 5, 7 and10%) of nano SiO2 particles reinforced with six layers of chopped mat E-glass fibers (CM) specimens were prepared by molding method. The results of Impact strengths of EP/SiO2 nanocomposites reinforced with 6 layers of CM E-glass fibers showed that Impact strength has a random behaviour with increasing volume fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles. The results showed an increase of Impact strengths with increasing the SiO2Â  nanoparticles volume fraction at 1% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then decreases with increasing volume fraction at 3% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then the Impact strength increases with increasing volume fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles until the Impact strength reach to maximum values Â (78.93KJ/m2) at 7% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles. And then Impact strength decreases with increasing volume fraction at 10% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles.Also the results of shore D hardness of EP/SiO2 nanocomposites Â reinforced with 6 layers of CM E-glass fibers showed that Hardness No. an increase with increasing the SiO2Â  nanoparticles volume fraction at 1% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then decreases with increasing volume fraction at 3% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles, then the Hardness No. increases with increasing volume fraction of SiO2 nanoparticles until the Hardness No. reach to maximum valuesÂ  (85.03) at 10% vol. of SiO2 nanoparticles.Â
Effects of Structure and Morphology of Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Particles on the Photovoltaic Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Alkahlout Amal Mahmoud
Published: November 2018

Highly ordered microporous ZnO materials with crystalline structure were synthesized hydrothermally from three different Zn-precursorsnamely: Zinc-acetate, chloride, and nitrate. XRD investigations revealed that all the obtained powders have single phase zincite structure. The powder morphology was investigated by SEM which showed that the starting Zn-precursor affects the shape as well as the size of the obtained particles. A photoelectrodes fabricated using the three different synthesized microporous ZnO particles showed variation in photocurrent density (Jsc) dye loading and hence the efficiency with variation in structure texture, morphology and particle size.Â  DSSC built with photoelectrodes made from Zn-acetate has the highest efficiency (5.4%) which is attributed to having lowest particle size and largest surface area available for dye loading. This increases light harvesting at the photoelectrode which in turn increases short circuit current density. On the other hand, the lowest current density (5.65mA/cm2) is obtained for DSSC with photolelctrodes made from Zn-nitrate.