bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of smoking exposure in non-smoking adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Julfia Aina , Efendi Ferry , Nimah Lailatun , Aurizki Gading Ekapuja , Aditia Ronal Surya , Pradipta Rifky Octavia , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H.
Published: March 2024

Exposure to secondhand smoke is one of the leading causes of death for non-smokers worldwide. The prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke is higher among adolescents. Research on predictors of secondhand smoke exposure in adolescents is still rarely conducted in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the predictors of exposure to secondhand smoke among non-smoking adolescents in Indonesia. This study used data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Indonesia 2019 with a cross-sectional design. A total of 7,594 adolescents aged 13 to 15 were selected using purposive sampling. The dependent variables were exposure to secondhand smoke at home and in public. The independent variables included age, gender, smoking parents, smoking friends, and knowledge of the dangers of secondhand smoke. Data were analyzed using STATA with inferential tests, namely chi-square and logistic regression. The prevalence of adolescents exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in public was 49.57% and 71.86%, respectively. At-home exposure was significantly associated with smoking parents [AOR=3.50, 95% CI=2.97 to 4.12], smoking friends [AOR=1.50, 95% CI=1.30 to 1.73], and knowledge of the dangers of secondhand smoke [AOR=2.11, 95% CI=1.52 to 2.93]. Public exposure was associated with ages 13-15 [AOR=1.32, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.58] and older than 15 [AOR=1.77, 95% CI=1.39 to 2.25], male gender [AOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.11 to 1.53], smoking parents [AOR=1.58, 95% CI=1.36 to 1.84], smoking friends [AOR=2.16, 95% CI=1.85 to 2.53], and knowledge of secondhand smoke dangers [AOR=2.84, 95% CI=2.15 to 3.75]. Adolescents’ exposure to secondhand smoke in public spaces is higher in prevalence and has more associated factors compared to exposure at home. Exposure reductions require comprehensive actions from authorities by strictly implementing and expanding non-smoking areas covered by existing regulations. Also, family and school management should be involved in prevention efforts.
Gravity at bench marks in eastern Ontario
Authors: Hamilton A C , Buchan J S
Published: March 2024

The value of gravity at ground level adjacent to, 691 bench marks of the precise and secondary level network of the Geodetic Survey of Canada has been determined to a high precision using two gravimeters. Principal facts are listed for each station along with a
cross reference to Geodetic Survey of Canada publications so that each station may be reoccupied accurately.
River-ice conditions in the Nelson River drainage system
Authors: MacKay D K
Published: March 2024

Hydrological and meteorological observations related to ice conditions on rivers in the Nelson drainage system are compared statistically to determine the measure of agreement between paired sets of data. Results show a high degree of positive correlation; mean
differences are limited in magnitude.
Dates of first-ice and last-ice affecting discharge are used to map the areal variability of both ice formation and ice disintegration; maps of mean dates for 10-year periods and the entire period 1921-1950 are included in this paper. In addition, maps illustrating the mean length of the ice-free
season as well as the standard deviations of first-ice and last-ice are incorporated in the study.
The progress of ice formation and ice disintegration was checked latitudinally and along the major tributaries of the Nelson River using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. Results indicate that first appearance of ice affecting discharge generally follows the expected north-to-south
pattern; no systematic progression along tributaries in either an upstream or a downstream direction is apparent from test results. On each major tributary tested the ice-cover disintegration begins at some point on the upper reaches and progresses in a downstream direction. Latitudinal progress
follows the expected south-to-north pattern with one obvious exception, the southeasterly-flowing portion of the Assiniboine River opposes the established trend.
The planning challenge of the Ottawa area
Authors: Coleman A
Published: March 2024

This study of the Ottawa area points out that a rural planning gap exists between city planning on the one hand and conservation on the other. It explores the gap and introduces five general planning territories which need essentially different treatment.
The first three of these territories are defined as townscape, farmscape and wildscape and it is recognized that they are all fundamentally stable and desirable. The other two are the rurban fringe and the twilight fringe which are the unstable and undesirable zones of conflict between the scapes.
They are characterized by extensive areas of idle land and they need to be planned out of existence.
In Part I the general principles of the five territories are explained. The general problems of idle land are discussed and some possible methods of resolving them are suggested.
In Part Il the methods of survey and identification of the five territories are described and the location of their boundaries in the Ottawa area is established. Each territory is analyzed in turn and special attention given to the effect upon them of the Ottawa greenbelt.
The interaction of the territories is considered to support the case for some form of regional government in order that their differing needs may be considered and satisfied in an integrated way.
Long-term reproducibility of small-scale tests used for measuring the flammability of conveyor belting
Authors: Mintz K J
Published: March 2024

Three small-scale flammability tests were evaluated for potential use in quality control. The small-scale flame test produced excessive scatter of data, the hot-plate ignition test gave reasonably reproducible data, but the critical oxygen index yielded superior
results and is recommended for quality control testing.
Remote sensing for environmental monitoring and impact assessment
Authors: Thie J , Wachmann C
Published: March 2024

Monitoring o·f ecosystem dynamics is a key element in the development of·strategies and methodologies for the most effective management of natural resources and in the development and implementation of roeasures to protect the environment. Remote
sensing has been found to have a number of significant advantages and is being developed to serve the Canadian environmental needs. Remote sensing from ERTS, NOAA and from aircraft combined with selected field observations have provided an operational system for the monitoring and description of
ecosystems as well as the assessment of environmental impact and effectiveness of control measures. A system for low cost, long term environmental monitoring for a large hydroelectric development in northern Canada is ·described.
Compact polarimetric equations under backward scattering alignment convention
Authors: Charbonneau F
Published: March 2024

Inconsistencies in scientific literature related to radar compact polarimetry (CP) has raised issues in analysis tool development and in derived results comparison. These inconsistencies primarily result from confusion between the Forward Scattering Alignment
(FSA) and the Backward Scattering Alignment (BSA) conventions. This can lead to the misinterpretation of results when the circular direction of rotation of the transmitted signal is not properly considered. This technical note summarizes and demonstrates the relationships between coherently received
wave under a linear or a circular configuration for right circular transmitted signals under the BSA convention. As well, it defines the received Stokes vector, for right circular transmitted signals, in terms of a linear or a circular receiving bases and in terms of fully polarimetric
data.
Canada geological map compilation
Authors: Lawley C J M , Giddy P , Katz L , Chu N , Francis A , Carvajal J , Pinheiro M , Tirona K , Dettman A , Chen H , Aucoin F
Published: March 2024

The Canada Geological Map Compilation (CGMC) is a database of previously published bedrock geological maps sourced from provincial, territorial, and other geological survey organizations. The geoscientific information included within these source geological maps
was standardized, translated to English, and combined to provide complete coverage of Canada and support a range of down-stream machine learning applications. Detailed lithological, mineralogical, metamorphic, lithostratigraphic, and lithodemic information was not previously available as one
national-scale product. The source map data was also enhanced by correcting geometry errors and through the application of a new hierarchical generalized lithology classification scheme to subdivide the original rocks types into 35 classes. Each generalized lithology is associated with a
semi-quantitative measure of classification uncertainty. Lithostratigraphic and lithodemic names included within the source maps were matched with the Lexicon of Canadian Geological Names (Weblex) wherever possible and natural language processing was used to transform all of the available text-based
information into word tokens. Overlapping map polygons and boundary artifacts across political boundaries were not addressed as part of this study. As a result, the CGMC is a patchwork of overlapping bedrock geological maps with varying scale (1:30,000-1:5,000,000), publication year (1996-2023), and
reliability. Preferred geological and geochronological maps of Canada are presented as geospatial rasters based on the best available geoscientific information extracted from these overlapping polygons for each map pixel. New higher resolution geological maps will be added over time to fill data
gaps and to update geoscientific information for future applications of the CGMC.
Note on the density of ISE and a related diffusion
Authors: Chapuy Guillaume , Marckert Jean-François
Published: March 2024

The integrated super-Brownian excursion (ISE) is the occupation measure of the spatial component of the head of the Brownian snake with lifetime process the normalized Brownian excursion. It is a random probability measure on

\mathbb{R}

, and it is known to describe the continuum limit of the distribution of labels in various models of random discrete labelled trees. We show that

f_{\mathrm{ISE}}

, its (random) density, has almost surely a derivative

f'_{\mathrm{ISE}}

which is continuous and

(\frac{1}{2}-\varepsilon)

-Hölder for any

\varepsilon >0

but for no

\varepsilon<0

(proving a conjecture of Bousquet-Mélou and Janson). We conjecture that

f_{\mathrm{ISE}}

can be represented as a second-order diffusion of the form

df'_{\mathrm{ISE}}(t) ={2}\sqrt{f_{\mathrm{ISE}}(t)}\, dB_{t} + g\bigg(f'_{\mathrm{ISE}}(t), f_{\mathrm{ISE}}(t),\int_{-\infty}^{t} f_{\mathrm{ISE}}(s)\,ds\bigg)dt,

for some continuous function

g

, for

t>0

, and we give a number of remarks and questions in that direction. The proof of regularity is based on a moment estimate coming from a discrete model of trees, while the heuristic of the diffusion comes from an analogous statement in the discrete setting, which is a reformulation of explicit product formulas of Bousquet-Mélou and the first author (2012).
Qualitative study of a geodynamical rate-and-state model for elastoplastic shear flows in crustal faults
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Roubíček Tomáš
Published: March 2024

The Dieterich–Ruina rate-and-state friction model is transferred to a bulk variant and the state variable (aging) influencing the dissipation mechanism is here combined also with a damage influencing standardly the elastic response. As the aging has a separate dynamics, the overall model does not have a standard variational structure. A one-dimensional model is investigated as far as the steady-state existence, localization of the cataclastic core, and its time response, too. Computational experiments with a damage-free variant show stick-slip behavior (i.e. seismic cycles of tectonic faults) as well as stable slip under very large velocities.
Almost minimizers for the thin obstacle problem with variable coefficients
Authors: Jeon Seongmin , Petrosyan Arshak , Smit Vega Garcia Mariana
Published: March 2024

We study almost minimizers for the thin obstacle problem with variable Hölder continuous coefficients and zero thin obstacle, and establish their

C^{1,\beta}

regularity on the either side of the thin space. Under an additional assumption of quasisymmetry, we establish the optimal growth of almost minimizers as well as the regularity of the regular set and a structural theorem on the singular set. The proofs are based on the generalization of Weiss- and Almgren-type monotonicity formulas for almost minimizers established earlier in the case of constant coefficients.
Функциональная предельная теорема для критического ветвящегося процесса со слабо зависимой иммиграцией
Authors: Sharipov Sadillo Olimjonovich
Published: March 2024

Доказана функциональная предельная теорема для критического ветвящегося процесса с растущей иммиграцией в случае, когда поток иммиграции удовлетворяет условию $\rho$-перемешивания.
О спутниках $\sigma_\Omega$-расслоенных формаций групп
Authors: Sorokina Marina Mikhailovna , Nesterov Alexander Sergeevich
Published: March 2024

Рассматриваются только конечные группы. Формацией называется класс групп, замкнутый относительно гомоморфных образов и подпрямых произведений. Для непустого класса $\Omega$ простых групп В. А. Ведерниковым с помощью двух видов функций (функций-спутников и функций-направлений) были определены $\Omega$-расслоенные формации. В статье изучаются $\sigma_\Omega$-расслоенные формации, где $\sigma_\Omega$ - произвольное разбиение класса $\Omega$, построенные авторами в качестве естественного обобщения понятия $\Omega$-расслоенной формации, с использованием $\sigma$-методов А. Н. Скибы. В работе доказано существование различных видов функций-спутников $\sigma_\Omega$-расслоенных формаций, получено описание их строения.
О статистической проверке сложных гипотез об $s$-мерном равномерном распределении вероятностей двоичных последовательностей
Authors: Kharin Yurii Semenovich , Zubkov Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: March 2024

Рассматривается задача построения и анализа критерия статистической проверки сложных гипотез об $s$-мерном равномерном распределении вероятностей двоичных последовательностей. Предложена естественная для приложений модель сложной нулевой гипотезы $H_0^{\varepsilon}$, фиксирующая максимально допустимый уровень отклонений $\varepsilon$ от равномерного распределения. Разработан подход к построению критерия проверки сложных гипотез $H_0^{\varepsilon}$, $\overline{H_0^{\varepsilon}}$, основанный на асимптотическом разложении (по $\varepsilon\rightarrow 0$) логарифмической статистики отношения правдоподобия. Построен состоятельный критерий с заданным асимптотическим уровнем значимости и исследована мощность теоретически и в компьютерных экспериментах. Описан также критерий, основанный на статистике Пирсона.
Мощность критерия, основанного на одновременном применении «Monobit Test», «Frequency Test within a Block» и обобщения критерия «Approximate Entropy Test»
Authors: Savelov M P
Published: March 2024

Критерий приближенной $\phi$-энтропии является обобщением критериев «Approximate Entropy Test» и «Serial Test» пакета NIST. В статье найдено предельное совместное распределение статистики критерия приближенной $\phi$-энтропии и статистик $T_{\mathrm{mon}}$ и $T_{\mathrm{fr}}$ критериев пакета NIST «Monobit Test» и «Frequency Test within a Block» соответственно в ситуации, когда исследуемая последовательность «близка» к последовательности независимых случайных величин, имеющих распределение Бернулли с параметром $\frac12$. Найдено предельное значение мощности критерия, основанного на одновременном применении данных трех статистик. Получено предельное совместное распределение статистик $T_{\mathrm{mon}}$, $T_{\mathrm{fr}}$ и статистик критериев «Approximate Entropy Test» и «Serial Test».
Exploring the Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics of
Hybrid-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Velmurugan Santhosh , Janakiraman Thiagarajan , Nandhini S. , Ganesha Rathinam M.
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the development of a hybrid composite, incorporating
natural fibers—specifically, banana and flax fibers—within a polyester resin
matrix. Different volume ratios of banana and flax fibers were systematically
employed to create the composite, with a particular emphasis on achieving
optimal fabrication processes through compression molding. The mechanical
properties of the resulting hybrid composite were comprehensively assessed
through tensile, impact, and flexural testing using a Universal Testing Machine
(UTM). Morphological analysis, facilitated by a Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM), provided insights into the internal structure of the composite.
Additionally, numerical analysis utilizing ANSYS software was employed to
further understand the composite's behavior. The findings unveiled that the
hybrid composite demonstrated superior strength compared to single-fiber
composites. This research contributes to advancing our understanding of hybrid
composites, offering insights into their mechanical and morphological
characteristics for potential applications in various fields, particularly in
the automotive sector.
Aluminum Alloy, Forgings and Rolled or Forged Rings, (6061-T6), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: March 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die forgings not over 4 inches (102 mm) in nominal thickness at time of heat treatment , hand forgings with as-forged thickness not exceeding 8 inches (203 mm) and the cross-sectional area not greater than 256 square inches (1652 cm2), forged or rolled rings 3.5 inches (89 mm) and under in nominal thickness at time of heat treatment and having an OD-to-wall thickness ratio of 10:1 or greater, and stock of any size for forgings and rings (see 8.6).
The Software-defined Vehicle and Its Engineering Evolution: Balancing
Issues and Challenges in a New Paradigm of Product Development
Authors: Goswami Partha
Published: March 2024

The automobile is undergoing the biggest transformation of its 100-year history.
Motivated by consumer desire for automobiles to integrate with their digital
life and inspired by new electric vehicles (EVs) that routinely receive
over-the-air software updates, traditional automakers are embarking on a journey
to re-engineer the vehicle as a platform defined by software. The foundation of
the shift is a complete re-design from a mechanical hardware-centric system to a
cloud-connected, software-centric ecosystem where each function is executed via
a service-oriented architecture. This is the basis of the software-defined
vehicle (SDV).

The Software-defined Vehicle and its Engineering Evolution: Balancing
Issues and Challenges in a New Paradigm of Product Development
examines the complex journey ahead for traditional manufacturers as they
transition to this new software-defined system. The shift will literally impact
every facet of the industry, from organizational culture, tools, and processes
to supply chain management, skill development, and more. This report covers the
state of the industry, explores key facets and challenges of SDVs, and provides
recommendations as to how to embrace the change. It also considers the balance
between vertically and horizontally integrated product development.

Click
here to access the full SAE EDGETM
Research Report portfolio.
LTE Vehicle-to-Everything (LTE-V2X) Deployment Profiles and Radio Parameters for PC5 Interface in 10 MHz Channel 180
Authors:   C-V2X Technical Committee
Published: March 2024

This SAE Information Report describes the deployment profile and radio parameters for a 10 MHz channel (i.e., LTE band 47 using EARFCN 54990 with a 10 MHz channel width, also known as Channel 180) based on LTE-V2X PC5 Sidelink (Mode 4) that can be used to support truck platooning applications. The content provided in this document is complementary to the content provided in SAE J3161 (which defines deployment profile and radio parameters for a 20 MHz channel).
Metallic Connections for Fluid Power and General Use - Part 1: 37 Degree Flared Fittings
Authors:   Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
Published: March 2024

This part of SAE J514 covers general and dimensional specifications for 37 degree flared tube fittings. Also included are 37 degree flared fittings with NPTF pipe threads in Appendix B. These fittings are intended for general application in hydraulic systems on industrial equipment and commercial products.

These fittings are capable of providing leak-proof, full flow connections in hydraulic systems operating at working pressures as specified in Table 6. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, the values shown in Table 6 should not be construed as a guaranteed minimum.

For any application, it is recommended that sufficient testing be conducted and reviewed by both the user and fitting manufacturer to assure that performance levels will be safe and satisfactory.
Koncepcja projektowania uniwersalnego jako element podnoszenia świadomości potrzeb osób z niepełnosprawnością wśród studentów. Z doświadczeń Uniwersytetu Jana Długosza w Częstochowie
Authors: Zalas Katarzyna , Czerw Monika
Published: March 2024

The concept of universal design as an element of raising awareness of the needs of people with disabilities among students: the experience of the Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa

The article is devoted to deepening students’ knowledge about the needs of people with disabilities. Its aim is to present the implementation of the project of the National Center for Research and Development entitled Universal Fields - Universal Society, implemented at the Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, which focused on introducing mandatory classes in the field of accessibility and universal design into the study programs of selected fields.

The article presents solutions implemented into the University’s teaching, in the form of traditional lectures, exercises, but also innovative workshops with people with special needs, simulations using specialized equipment and simulators, as well as study visits. The authors of this text also included the results of the classes and the opinions of students participating in them, pointing to the need to create an environment, services and products consistent with the assumptions of universal design.
Peran Guru Dalam Bimbingan Belajar Terhadap Minat Belajar Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sari Yulia Novita , Ahsan Sukria
Published: March 2024

Learning interest is very essential for students in implementing the learning process at school, as well as students in early childhood. This study aims to determine the role of teachers in implementing tutoring to increase early childhood learning interest. The teaching and learning process requires students who have a sense of interest, attention and love for the lessons delivered by the teacher. Sometimes students do not have interest in the learning process. This research is descriptive qualitative research, the methods used for data collection are interviews, documentation and observation.  The results of this study shows that there are students at the early childhood education level who have a low request to learn. In the learning process, there are students seem getting bored, do not pay attention to the teacher's explanation in class, having less participation and activeness in teaching and learning process. In this case, teacher play very important role to carry out tutoring to increase students' interest in learning.
Study On Spatial Variations of Surface Water Quality Vulnerable Zones in Baitarani River Basin, Odisha, India
Authors: Das Abhijeet , Regin J. Jerlin , Suhasini A. , Lisa K. Baby
Published: March 2024

The stated goal of the research is to investigate the surface water quality of the Baitarani River in Odisha to ascertain its compatibility for various uses. Large, complex datasets generated during the one-year (2021-2022) monitoring program were collected from 13 locations and encompassed 22 parameters. To examine temporal and spatial fluctuations in and to interpret these datasets, MCDMs like TOPSIS and the Entropy-based Water Quality Index (EWQI) were utilized. The physical and chemical outcomes of the current experiment were compared to WHO standards. According to the analysis’s results, turbidity and total coliform (TC) are indicators that have a greater impact on water quality in all locations during both seasons and are directly linked to home and agricultural non-point source pollution. As per EWQI interpretation, 30.77 % of the observations in PRM and POM fall under the poor category. The findings showed how anthropogenic activities have harmed St. 8, 11, 12, and 13 and require effective management. A quantifiable approach was also carried out to decide the efficacy of TOPSIS. Farming attributes, including SAR, % Na, RSC, MR, KI, and PI, were estimated to delineate the agriculturally practicable zones. This work can offer a reference database for the betterment of water quality.
Design and Modelling of Urban Stormwater Management and Treatment Infrastructure for Communities in Wuse, Abuja
Authors: Oyebode O. J. , Umar A.M.
Published: March 2024

Effective stormwater management can be used to regulate water quantity and quality for environmental sustainability, flood control, pollution reduction and other advantages of civil engineering infrastructures. Pollution of the environment and contamination of water sources can emanate from improper stormwater management. This study used a small-scale model of rainwater harvesting to analyze the design and model of urban stormwater management and treatment infrastructure for the neighborhoods in Abuja. The water quality of the treated stormwater retrieved has improved as a result of the usage of memory foam, alum, and chlorine to filter out contaminants and pathogens. With the fictitious stormwater treatment model created for this study, average values of the physicochemical parameters were collected from the stormwater discharge after it had been filtered and treated. The use of potash alum has had a variety of effects on the water’s quality. From 697 mg.L-1 to 635 mg.L-1, the total dissolved solids dropped. The DO dropped from 5.87 mg.L-1 to 3.92 mg.L-1 as well. Additionally, the turbidity rose from 4.42 FNU to 4.58 FNU, and the salinity rose from 0.7 PSU to 1.44 PSU, respectively. pH decreases from 19.78 to 15.17 mg.L-1, BOD decreases from 8.35 to 6.51, and COD decreases from 2.55 to 1.9. Calcium hardness has decreased from 287 mg.L-1 to 265.83 mg.L-1. The conductivity increases marginally from 3.24 ms.cm-1 to 3.82 ms.cm-1. The Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions exhibit a little decrease from 0.143 mg.L-1 to 0.055 mg.L-1 and from 0.092 mg.L-1 to 0.045 mg.L-1, respectively. Due to inadequate or nonexistent drainage systems in the many states and villages throughout the country, stormwater run-off management and treatment in Nigeria have been a colossal failure. Effective stormwater management can be sustained by using legal and environmental laws.
Growth and Immunity Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Challenged by Toxicity of Bio-Insecticide with Active Ingredients Eugenol and Azadirachtin
Authors: Yustiati Ayi , Palsa Alifia Ajmala , Herawati Titin , Grandiosa Roffi , Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina , Bari Ichsan Nurul
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the maximum concentration and the long-term effects after exposure to a bio-insecticide with active ingredients eugenol and azadirachtin on the survival rate, immunity, and growth of Nile tilapia. The method used in this study was experimental, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications. Fishes were exposed to eugenol and azadirachtin at concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of LC50 value for 14 days, followed by 14 days of maintenance to see the effect on growth. The results showed that 66 mg.L-1 treatment was a concentration that did not interfere with the survival rate of Nile tilapia, which was 86.7%. The number of leukocytes increased on the third day by the highest increase in 66 mg.L-1 treatment at 12.01 × 104 cells.mm-3. Meanwhile, erythrocytes decreased, with the highest decrease in 66 mg.L-1 treatment at 1.13 × 106 cells.mm-3. The average growth rate in fish slowed down with increasing concentrations of exposure, with the lowest average growth in length and absolute weight in the 66 mg.L-1 treatment was 0.57 cm and 1.68 g.
Ecological Regeneration of Wetland: Case Study of Kanwar Lake, Begusarai
Authors: Fatma Sameen , Danish Md.
Published: March 2024

The wetlands are the partially water-submerged environments that are highly productive, and support fauna and flora species in significant numbers that are dependent for their survival on the organic production of wetlands. Kanwar Lake is situated about 22 kilometers to the northwest of Begusarai. The Gandak River, a tributary of the Ganges, meanders across the area, creating the largest oxbow lake in Asia. It is a natural body of water that is significant on many different levels, including ecological, floral, faunal, geomorphological, and zoological. In 1989, the state government of Bihar designated Kanwar as a protected area for avian species. It has been considered a Ramsar site since 1987, but the wetland was not one of the 13 designated sites. In 1984, the lake’s area was 6,786 hectares (ha), but by 2004, it had shrunk to 6,043.825 ha. Only 2,032 hectares remained of the original lake area by 2012. Wealthy farmers and locals have rapidly colonized the lake bed. Lake biodiversity has declined as weeds have grown across the wetland. Widespread deforestation, overgrazing, unsustainable agricultural methods and over-exploitation of biomass for wood, fodder, and timber have stripped the land of its natural vegetative cover and exacerbated erosion. The research deals with the ecological study of the area and how urbanization has caused impacts on it. It focuses on how this has caused the deterioration of the lake and the measures for restoring the lake ecology, safeguarding the trend of urbanization. After analyzing the major key issues and analyzing the issues at the edge of the lake and around the Manjhaul, some of the major findings conclude that there is a need for stormwater management of the whole city, restoration of Kanwar wetland, and industrial control around the lake.
Need for an Evolved Groundwater Justice in Rural Areas of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Tari V. S. , Siddiqui N. , Rathi D. , Siddiqui N. N. , Wahyuni D. K.
Published: March 2024

As groundwater is the primary element of life, countries all over the world are experimenting with legal reforms. The degree to which law reforms combine justice and sustainability is a crucial question. In response to this question, the present article focuses on a case study of Uttar Pradesh, India. Our response is based on a content analysis of the Uttar Pradesh Groundwater (Management and Regulation) Act, 2019, and the Uttar Pradesh Groundwater (Management and Regulation) Rules, 2020. Three conclusions emerged from our investigation. First, the 2019 Groundwater Act and the 2020 Draft Groundwater Rules are primarily motivated by concerns about resource sustainability, particularly in areas where the water table is steadily declining. Still, neither the 2019 Groundwater Act nor the 2020 Draft Groundwater Rules propose any proactive groundwater justice measures. Second, we suggest that some locally defined basic elements are critical in supporting sustainability and – to a lesser extent – groundwater justice. These characteristics include a community’s ability to (1) recognize a crisis and show a willingness to address it; (2) establish a rule-bound community groundwater resource; (3) demonstrate leadership and a sense of community; and (4) make use of awareness, information, and knowledge. Our third conclusion is that there is a need for community practices and state-led groundwater law to co-evolve; this co-evolution has the potential to create groundwater arrangements that support both groundwater justice and sustainability.
Will Development and Temperature be Reconciled?
Authors: Faradiba Faradiba , Azzahra St. Fatimah , Yuniarti Endah , Zet Lodewik , Laia Tris Kurniawati , Wulandari Rini
Published: March 2024

The country’s advancement is fueled by regional growth. It frequently has many detrimental effects in its application, including contamination. Climate, notably temperature, is negatively impacted by the ensuing pollution. This study uses the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) method to measure the pollution index, followed by the instrumental variable (IV) method to calculate the effect of development on pollution and temperature. Rural data from Podes 2018 is among the data used in this investigation. The findings of this study show that developed and developing areas are where the negative pollution index forms the most frequently. The construction and the resulting pollution index have a negative impact on temperature. The development process should pay attention to environmental aspects to anticipate worse temperature changes in the coming period.
Evaluation of the Contaminated Area Using an Integrated Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method
Authors: Nusaf A. Mohamed , Kumaravel R.
Published: March 2024

Air pollution affects public health and the environment, creating great concern in developed and developing countries. In India, there are numerous reasons for air pollution, and festivals like Diwali also contribute to air contamination. Determining the polluted region using several air contaminants is significant and should be analyzed carefully. This study aims to analyze the air quality in Tamil Nadu, India, during the Diwali festival from 2019 to 2021, based on multiple air pollutants. The study models the impact of air pollution as a Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) problem. It introduces a hybrid approach, namely the Analytical Hierarchy Process-Entropy-VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (AHP-Entropy-VIKOR) model, to analyze and rank the areas based on the quality of air. A combined approach of AHP and entropy is employed to determine the weights of multiple air pollutants. The VIKOR approach ranks the areas and identifies the areas with the worst air quality during the festival. The proposed model is validated by performing the Spearman’s rank correlation with two existing MADM methods: Combinative Distance Based Assessment (CODAS) and Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS). Sensitivity analysis is carried out to assess the effects of the priority weights and the dependency of the pollutants in ranking the regions. The highest air pollution level during the festival was seen in Cellisini Colony (2019), Rayapuram (2020), T. Nagar and Triplicane (2021) in their respective year. The results demonstrate the consistency and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Recent Progress of Novel Porous Materials in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kong Deqi , Chen Hua , Xiang Zhen , Wang Bin
Published: March 2024

Unavoidably, the expansion of industry causes the release of numerous heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic pollutants into the environment. Due to these pollutants, the extremely toxic, highly carcinogenic chemicals provide a serious risk to people and aquatic life. Wastewater pollutants must be removed to safeguard the ecology. A huge specific surface area, multiple binding sites, a plethora of functional groups, variable pore size, and simplicity of surface modification are just a few advantages of porous materials. They are considered viable candidate materials for the efficient and selective removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions in a range of difficult circumstances due to their benefits. This work reviews the characteristics, methods of functionalization, and ways of modification of many novel porous materials in recent years. The use of these porous materials in the treatment of wastewater was examined. The development potential of porous materials is finally summed up.
An Overview of the Need for Circular Economy on Electric Vehicle Batteries
Authors: Padmanabhan S. , Joel C. , Mahalingam S. , Deepak J. R. , Kumar T. Vinod , Raj Deborah
Published: March 2024

Batteries are a widely utilized and simple method for powering electronic devices, particularly given the prevalence of individuals traveling to all gadgets. The escalating adoption of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices has led to a surge in the demand for lithium-ion batteries. Consequently, this has given rise to supply uncertainties in acquiring essential minerals such as lithium and cobalt, along with concerns about the proper disposal of dead batteries. The existing methods for battery recycling exhibit variations based on the individual chemistries of the batteries, hence influencing both cost factors and greenhouse gas emissions. Simultaneously, there exists a possibility for repurposing depleted batteries for low-tier energy storage applications. The absence of legislation pertaining to the secure storage and handling of waste streams contributes to the accumulation of refuse in exposed environments and the release of hazardous substances from landfills. In addition, contemporary battery manufacturing methods necessitate the utilization of innovative substances, such as ionic liquids for electrolytes and nanostructures for cathodes, to enhance the energy characteristics and longevity of batteries. The presence of uncertainties regarding the accurate assessment of the environmental consequences associated with novel battery chemicals has the potential to impede efforts aimed at recycling and containment. The objective of this analysis is to consolidate the existing knowledge regarding battery pollutants, both those that are recognized and those that remain uncertain, and to assess their potential environmental impacts. Additionally, this research aims to examine the current strategies and methods employed for the recycling of batteries in the circular economy.
An Overview of Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Dung
Authors: Nekhubvi V. M.
Published: March 2024

In the past decade, governments and development agencies have contributed significantly to society through anaerobic digestion technology (ADT). Anaerobic digestion technology (ADT) has become an important tool in the fight against global poverty and environmental issues, leading to positive change in communities around the world. The technology works as a wet or dry process, depending on its classification. The process is complex and yields multiple benefits, such as creating a natural fertilizer that can be used to help crops grow, as well as generating renewable energy sources. It is common knowledge that many household-sized digesters installed in different areas are one-stage digesters. One-stage digesters do not require a separate pre-treatment stage before the digestion process. This makes them simpler and more cost-effective to install and operate than traditional two-stage digesters. Thus, some drawbacks are associated with these systems since they feed on just one type of feedstock. Many researchers fail to adequately address interactions critical to ADT’s operation, including interactions among growth factors and operating parameters. In a single-stage and one-substrate digester, researchers commonly neglect to study the digester feeding and operational conditions. Anaerobic digestion was the subject of this review, covering research conducted between 2001 and 2022. The study identified a significant drawback associated with mono-digestion and single-stage digestion. The findings illustrate that mono-substrate and single-stage digestion are worthwhile approaches, even though they have their challenges. However, adding a further digestion stage can significantly improve biogas production.
Application of Arc-SWAT Model for Water Budgeting and Water Resource Planning at the Yeralwadi Catchment of Khatav, India
Authors: Sabale R. S. , Bobade S. S. , Venkatesh B. , Jose M. K.
Published: March 2024

Every facet of life, including human habitation, economic development, food security, etc., depends on water as a valuable resource. Due to the burgeoning population and rapid urbanization, water availability needs to be simulated and measured using hydrologic models and trustworthy data. To fulfill this aim, the SWAT model was processed in this work. The SWAT model was formulated to estimate the hydrological parameters of Yeralwadi using meteorological data from IMD (India Meteorological Department) for the period 1995-2020. The observed discharge data was collected from the HDUG Nasik group and used in the calibration and validation of the Model. The SWAT model was corrected & validated through the SUFI-II algorithm in SWAT-CUP to get a better result. The model’s sensitivity is checked by using statistical parameters like Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and a coefficient of determination (R2). NSE values were 0.72 and 0.80 in calibration and validation, and R2 were 0.80 & 0.76 in calibration and validation, respectively, indicating the acceptance of the model. Results show that 40.6% of the total yearly precipitation was lost by evapotranspiration. The estimated total discharge from the Yeralwadi catchment was 55.6%, out of which 41.2% was surface runoff and 14.4% was baseflow. The other 17.8% was made up of percolation into confined and unconfined aquifers, which served as soil and groundwater storages. The surface runoff is influenced by Curve number (CnII), SOL_AWC, ESCO, and base flow was influenced by ALPHA-BF and GW_REVAP. This study will be useful to water managers and researchers to develop sustainable water resource management and to alleviate the water scarcity issues in the study basin.
Enhanced Solar Photovoltaic Power Production Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Station: Economic and Environmental Aspects
Authors: Techo J. , Techo S. , Palamanit A. , Saniso E. , Chand A. A. , Prasannaa P.
Published: March 2024

In recent years, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are contributing a major share in Thailand and benefit the environment. Most of the EV charging stations are sourced from solar energy as it becomes a carbon-free source of energy production. Secondly, Thailand is rich in solar irradiance, and higher irradiance leads to higher power production. On the other hand, in tropical conditions, solar Photovoltaic (PV) module temperature increases following the solar irradiance due to high ambient temperature, resulting negative impact on the efficiency and lifespan of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Further, to increase PV power production, in this study, different rates of cooling strategies are proposed. The study found that reducing the temperature by 5% to 25% resulted in increased average power outputs of 5947.94W, 6021.43W, 6094.92W, 6168.41W, and 6241W, respectively. Notably, 25% of the cooling rate achieved higher production. However, it is lower than the nominal power production. Following that, economic analysis and environmental impacts are analyzed for Thailand’s EV charging station using a different cooling rate of PV module. Overall, it is concluded that, depending on the economic viability of the EV charging station, cooling technology can be applied, and it will benefit the EV charging station both economically and environmentally. To further enhance the solar PV power production approach for EV charging stations in Thailand, it is imperative to prioritize future endeavors towards optimizing cooling technology, integrating energy storage, and implementing supportive policies.
Integrated Riverside Development Along Adyar River, Chennai
Authors: Kirthika S. Indhu , Priyan R. Shanmuga
Published: March 2024

Integrated Riverside Development (IRD) is a planning approach that aims to achieve sustainable development of urban areas located along riverbanks. To implement this IRD with controlled regulations, the study is focused on developing a comprehensive riverside development and river zoning regulatory framework that integrates all five main elements, with particular emphasis on economic, ecological, and social factors, in order to reduce encroachment and pollution in the study area. The objectives of the study include analyzing the current land use, recreational parks, encroachments, pollution levels, sewage disposal patterns, and solid waste dumping zones in the study area, as well as studying the socio-economic and eco-environmental aspects of the area. Additionally, identifying and analyzing the major threats to the river and developing a river zoning regulatory framework using the land use matrix technique is also included in the study objectives. The study area (Adyar River) was chosen based on social, ecological, and economic factors, and data was collected through surveys and from government offices. Using the land use matrix method, proposals for riverside development were made, and the zones were classified into development-prohibited, development-restricted, and development-optimized zones. The zones were classified based on the calculated values of Eco sensitivity for each of the three zones. Proposals were then given based on these classified zones, and the levels of development potential were determined. The proposed zoning regulatory framework is expected to have a significant impact in reducing further encroachments and improving connectivity between the city and the river. By considering socio-economic, ecological, and environmental aspects, the study recommends appropriate zoning regulations for riverfront developments that promote sustainable growth.
Selection of White-Rot Fungi for Decolorization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Evaluation of Biodegradation and Biosorption Processes
Authors: Ridtibud Sanhathai , Suwannasai Nuttika , Sawasdee Apichaya , Champreda Verawat , Phosri Cherdchai , Sarp Sarper , Pisutpaisal Nipon , Boonyawanich Siriorn
Published: March 2024

Ten species of white-rot fungi were evaluated for their ability to decolorization of palm oil mill effluent. The highest decolorization efficiency was found with Trametes elegans (PP17-06), followed by Ganoderma sp.2 (PW17-06) and Ganoderma sp.2 (PW17-177), respectively. T. elegans was further evaluated for the long-term performance of decolorization for 24 d. The optimal retention time for the decolorization was 8 d, with a color removal efficiency of 47.7%. Beyond 18 d of incubation, decolorization efficiency was reduced due to the autolysis of enzymes. During the biodegradation process, manganese peroxidase enzyme activities reached a maximum of 36.03 U.L−1. However, no significant laccase and lignin peroxidase activities were observed. T. elegans was also assessed for decolorization performance through biosorption on mycelial biomass. The synthesis of the enzyme was prevented by exposing the mycelium to HgCl2. Within an optimal contact time of 2 d, decolorization efficiency reached 12.5% with ADMI reduction from 4259.0 (±20.1) ADMI to 3727 (±104.04) ADMI. Results indicate that the adsorption capacity was reached at this time, and no significant color removal can be achieved by biomass. Results obtained in this study showed the potential of T. elegans in decolorizing palm oil mill effluent.