bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2007-2018
Authors: Festa Larissa , Prado Marli de Fátima , Jesuino Amanda Cristina Santos , Balda Rita de Cássia Xavier , Tayra Ângela , Sañudo Adriana , Tancredi Mariza Vono , Silva Maria Aparecida da , Pinto Valdir Monteiro , Costa-Nobre Daniela Testoni , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga , Luppi Carla Gianna
Published: July 2023

Abstract Objective: to describe the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2007-2018. Methods: this was a descriptive study of cases of abortion, fetal and non-fetal deaths due to congenital syphilis reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN), and those of congenital syphilis registered in any line in the Death Certificate, on the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM), by means of probabilistic and deterministic linkage. Results: of the 27,713 cases of congenital syphilis reported, 1,320 progressed to death (871 fetal deaths, 449 infant deaths) and were matched to the SIM; 355 deaths (259 fetal deaths, 96 infant deaths) were not included on SINAN; there was an increase in unfavorable outcomes,11.4% for infant deaths due to congenital syphilis, 3.0% for fetal deaths and 1.9% for abortions. Conclusion: the use of different relationship techniques proved to be adequate to identify the frequency of underreporting of unfavorable outcomes of congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo.
HISTÓRIA ORAL APLICADA E ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Seawright Leandro
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo, procuramos demonstrar a presença da memória de expressão oral no ensino de História. Importa-nos a articulação da manifestação oral da memória com a história oral aplicada segundo a linha de pesquisa do Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral – NEHO/USP. Consequência do exposto foi oferecer caminhos alternativos para professores de História que pretendam realizar abordagens de história oral a partir da sala de aula no Ensino Fundamental e no Ensino Médio. Destacam-se os gêneros narrativos – já encontrados em pesquisas acadêmicas e em handbooks de história oral – capazes de mobilizar a sensibilidade histórica dos estudantes para além de documentos oficiais com prescrições gerais: história oral de vida, história oral temática, história oral testemunhal e tradição oral.
SAlign: A Graph Neural Attention Framework for Aligning Structurally Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Saxena Shruti , Joydeep Chandra
Published: July 2023

Network alignment techniques that map the same entities across multiple networks assume that the mapping nodes in two different networks have similar attributes and neighborhood proximity. However, real-world networks often violate such assumptions, having diverse attributes and structural properties. Node mapping across such structurally heterogeneous networks remains a challenge. Although capturing the nodes’ entire neighborhood (in low-dimensional embeddings) may help deal with these characteristic differences, the issue of over-smoothing in the representations that come from higherorder learning still remains a major problem. To address the above concerns, we propose SAlign: a supervised graph neural attention framework for aligning structurally heterogeneous networks that learns the correlation of structural properties of mapping nodes using a set of labeled (mapped) anchor nodes. SAlign incorporates nodes’ graphlet information with a novel structure-aware cross-network attention mechanism that transfers the required higher-order structure information across networks. The information exchanged across networks helps in enhancing the expressivity of the graph neural network, thereby handling any potential over-smoothing problem. Extensive experiments on three real datasets demonstrate that SAlign consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art network alignment methods by at least 1.3-8% in terms of accuracy score. The code is available at https://github.com/shruti400/SAlign for reproducibility.
Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Agaricomycetes), Polysaccharides Alleviate Photoaging by Regulating Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy
Authors: Lin Jun , Lu Yin-Ying , Shi Hong-Yu , Lin Pei
Published: July 2023

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that contains the valuable I. obliquus polysaccharides (IOP), which is known for its bioactive properties. Studies have shown that IOP could inhibit oxidative stress induced premature aging and DNA damage, and delay body aging. However, the molecular mechanism of IOP in improving skin photoaging remains unclear, which prevents the development and utilization of I. obliquus in the field of skin care. In this study, ultraviolet B (UVB) induced human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell photoaging model was used to explore the mechanism of IOP in relieving skin photoaging. Results showed that IOP inhibited cell senescence and apoptosis by reducing the protein expressions of p16, p21, and p53. IOP increased HO-1, SOD, and CAT expressions to achieve Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thus improving antioxidant effects and preventing ROS generation. Furthermore, IOP enhanced the expression levels of p-AMPK, LC3B, and Beclin-1 to alleviate the autophagy inhibition in UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Based on these findings, our data suggested that IOP may be used to develop effective natural anti-photoaging ingredients to promote skin health.
Orthopaedic surgical antibiotic prophylaxis administration compliance with prescribing guidelines in a private hospital in North West province, South Africa
Authors: Jordaan M , du Plessis J , Rakumakoe D , Mostert L
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: The correct use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP), as stipulated in evidence-based guidelines, is essential to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) following orthopaedic procedures and consequently the impact thereof on the patient and healthcare system. Orthopaedic SSIs are associated with devastating complications with a great burden of disease on patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in a 186-bed private hospital, located in North West province, South Africa. Retrospective data of adult patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 were included. Data were obtained from the study hospital's theatre registers, anaesthetic notes, patient medical records and patient antimicrobial prescription charts. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to determine the compliance (indication, choice, route of administration, dose, administration time, re-dosing and duration) of orthopaedic SAP administration with prescribing guidelines. RESULTS: Of the 942 orthopaedic procedures, SAP was correctly administered or omitted in 742 cases (78.8%). The total choice of SAP was correct in 738 cases (78.3%). SAP was administered intravenously 100% of the time and was prescribed at the correct dose in 632 cases (77.5%). However, SAP re-dosing occurred only in one of the three prolonged procedures, and the preoperative SAP administration time was only indicated in 34.4% of the cases. The correct duration of SAP was 75.9%. The overall compliance rate to SAP guidelines regarding indication, choice, dose and duration was 57.5%. SSIs developed in 0.9% of the patients, resulting in the death of one. CONCLUSION: Orthopaedic SAP practices moderately deviated from current SAP guidelines. Apparent overuse, incorrect dosing and prolonged duration were identified as burdens to overcome. Special attention should be paid to dosing adjustments for patients weighing more than 120 kg. However, certain components such as route of administration, administration time, SAP indication and SAP correct choice showed greater compliance percentages. The low prevalence of SSIs supports a positive reporting of the findings Level of evidence: Level 4.
A study of the effect of pillar shape on pillar strength
Authors: Maritz J.A. , Malan D.F.
Published: July 2023

Pillar strength is affected by pillar shape, but this has largely been ignored in past research studies. Bord-and-pillar layouts are typically designed using empirical strength equations developed for square pillars. Owing to the poor quality of pillar cutting, many hard-rock pillars have an irregular shape and it is not clear how this affects pillar strength. Furthermore, the strength of rectangular pillars in comparison with square pillars is also difficult to quantify. The 'perimeter rule' is widely adopted for rectangular pillars, but its applicability for pillars with irregular shapes has never been tested. We used numerical modelling in this study to investigate the effect of pillar shape on strength. An analytical limit equilibrium model of a square and a strip pillar also provided useful insights. For slender pillars, the strength of a long rib pillar is essentially similar to that of a square pillar. In contrast, for rib pillars with a large width to height ratio, there is a substantial increase in strength. The study found that the perimeter rule should not be used for irregularly shaped pillars. Displacement discontinuity modelling, using a limit equilibrium approach, is proposed as an alternative to determine the strength of these pillars.
A study of UG2 pillar strength using a new pillar database
Authors: Oates T.E. , Malan D.F.
Published: July 2023

A recent experimental pillar extraction project at a UG2 bord-and-pillar mine presented a unique opportunity to compile a new pillar database. Currently, the South African hard rock bord-and-pillar mines are designed using the Hedley and Grant formula with a modified K-value. This empirically derived formula was developed for uranium mines in the Elliot Lake district of Canada. The use of this formula for the design of pillars in South Africa is questionable. Very few pillar failures have nevertheless been observed and its current calibrations for the various reef types are possibly too conservative. A new UG2 pillar database of 66 pillars, of which seven are classified as failed, was compiled by the authors. This enabled a revised 'first-order' calibration of the K-value for the Hedley and Grant formula. The new estimated value for the UG2 is K = 75 MPa. This gives a pillar strength that is more conservative than the PlatMine formula. This work should nevertheless be considered as only a preliminary calibration as the database was small. Further work is also required to determine whether the exponents in the formula for the width and height parameters are appropriate for UG2 pillars.
Teachers' perceptions on teaching comprehensive sexuality education in early grades in Chipinge, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mahoso Thaddeus , Finestone Michelle
Published: July 2023

This study aimed at unravelling and comprehending teachers' perceptions on the teaching of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) in early grades. The study opted for a qualitative case study design in an interpretive paradigm, with semi-structured interviews and document analysis as data-gathering instruments. Ten primary school teachers responsible for early childhood development were selected through purposive sampling. The collected data were analysed using a thematic approach. This study revealed that early grade teachers in Zimbabwe perceived CSE as essential in empowering early grade children with skills, knowledge, and attitudes needed to protect them from sexual abuse. However, they were uncomfortable teaching it due to several cultural restrictions. The teachers felt the need to be supported in the teaching of CSE in early childhood by being provided with a curriculum, appropriate professional development strategies, and teaching materials. The study recommends the teaching of CSE at early childhood development level. Parents should be educated on the significance and objectives of CSE for their children.
Publishing (mal)practices and their (re)colonising effects: Double affiliations in academic publishing
Authors: Andrason Alexander , van den Brink Jessica
Published: July 2023

This article is dedicated to one of the less-researched flaws in the South African subsidy system (SASS), namely, the issue of doubly affiliated appointees. The authors review the case of an undisclosed organisational entity at a South African university, and analyse the role doubly affiliated appointees (specifically, extraordinary professors and research fellows) played in the research output generated over six years, that is, from 2016 to 2021. The authors couch their findings within decolonial theories and conclude the following: the recruitment of doubly affiliated appointees to boost the research output of tertiary educational centres constitutes a practice that violates the principles of SASS and contributes to the epistemic recolonisation of academy.
Decolonisation, knowledge construction, and legitimation at African universities in the 21st century: Relevance of François Lyotard
Authors: Onwuegbuchulam Sunday Paul C.
Published: July 2023

The Fallist movement in South Africa, among other points, called into question the relevance of maintaining aspects of colonial heritage, especially as they relate to knowledge construction at South African higher education institutions. The issues of transformation and knowledge decolonisation also came into the limelight with some students calling for the decolonisation/Africanisation of science as a system of knowledge, hence #ScienceMustFall. These issues can be placed in the wider context of the argument that African centres of learning are founded on colonial epistemologies and forms of education. It is notably a reality that impedes the project of proper transformation and decolonisation at African centres of learning. Utilising desktop methods, this article engages the debate on knowledge decolonisation at African universities in the 21st century. Based on Francois Lyotard's postmodern views, the article theorises a possible philosophical grounding for knowledge decolonisation. It argues for openness to subjectivity in the enterprise of knowledge construction, and for the integration and mainstreaming of African knowledge systems at African universities.
Perspectiva kantiana sobre el Estado y la educación
Authors: Ortiz-Soriano Agustina
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo analiza la posición de la educación y el Estado en la filosofía práctica de Immanuel Kant, paraquien la educación se establece como la tarea esencial de la humanidad, no en vano señaló que, “el hombre puedeconsiderar cómo los descubrimientos más difíciles, el arte del gobierno y el arte de la educación”, que es con lacual inicia el proceso por el cual el ser humano se hace humano a saber; el de la civilización y la cultura, elementosintrínsecos en la esfera de la educación que es la base del desarrollo de las personas en particular, y de la humanidaden general, por lo cual las tesis sobre educación en el texto de la pedagogía deben ser revisadas, sugiriendo que elproyecto educativo cosmopolita es la mejor vía para propiciar una educación que tienda al bien universal.Sin embargo, para que la propuesta kantiana sea impulsada desde las instituciones educativas, se requierereplantear la tarea y función no solo de los padres, sino también del Estado en la esfera educativa y orientarla segúnlos parámetros del cosmopolitismo, una filosofía que se ofrece como un deber ineludible y como una necesidadsocial generalizada. La definición de educación cosmopolita se presenta como un método de crecimiento humano que posibilita la identificación de seres con personalidad moral y jurídica en cada uno de nosotros.
Armando Hart y sus claves metodológicas para la enseñanza del marxismo
Authors: López-Cruz Yenisey , Duany-Destrade Lídice
Published: July 2023

Armando Hart Dávalos (1930-2017) fue uno de los intelectuales que reconoció la validez del marxismo cuando el mundo hablaba de su “crisis”. Realizó valoraciones sobre los errores cometidos en la asunción de esta teoría. Además confirmó su utilidad para formar individuos con un pensamiento crítico capaces de cuestionar el mundo contemporáneo. Sus reflexiones son válidas para interpretar y transformar los complejos escenarios sociales que caracterizan la realidad. A pesar de ser distinguido como uno de los marxistas más lúcidos, no abundan los estudios en torno a sus reflexiones. De ahíque este trabajo pretenda revelar las claves metodológicas que se identifican en su pensamiento. Lasque resultan necesarias para la interpretación y la utilización del marxismo en calidad de recursoeducativo para formar al hombre encargado de cambiar su contexto. Los resultados obtenidos señalancomo claves esenciales: el reconocimiento de la esencia antidogmática del marxismo, el electivismo como instrumental teórico-metodológico para pensar y hacer praxis política, el papel determinantede la producción material, sin desdeñar el papel activo del aspecto subjetivo y la incidencia de laespiritualidad en la política, la relación entre cultura y política, y el reconocimiento del carácterrelativo de todo conocimiento asociado a los procesos políticos y sociales
İçmeler Kanyonu (Marmaris/Muğla) akarsu yatak çukurlarının jeomorfosit potansiyeli ve turizmde değerlendirilmesi
Authors: POLAT Selahattin , EGE İsmail , ÖZKAN Efekan
Published: July 2023

Çağımızdaki turizm anlayışı değişmekte, turizm faaliyetleri giderek çeşitlenmektedir. Türkiye’de kıyı turizmi odaklı büyümenin yanında alternatif turizm faaliyetlerine de ilgi duyulmakta, çeşitli temalardaki varlıkların tanıtımı ve değerlendirilmesi noktasında yatırımlar yapılmaktadır. Dünya genelinde ekoturizm ile birlikte değerlendirilen jeosit ve jeomorfositler, özgün, estetik, nadir bulunan güzellikleri ve bilimsel değer sunmaları açısından önemli konuma ulaşmıştır. Sürdürülebilir turizm anlayışının tüm turizm faaliyetlerini yönlendiren ve dönüştüren bir olgu olarak ön plana çıkması, jeomorfositlerin turizm amaçlı değerlendirilebilmesinin önünü açmaktadır. Deniz-kum-güneş temasıyla ön plana çıkan kıyılarının yanı sıra birçok doğal güzelliğe de ev sahipliği yapan Marmaris ilçesi çok sayıda yerli ve yabancı turistin ziyaret ettiği, Türkiye ve Akdeniz Havzası’nın önemli bir turizm merkezidir. Bu çalışmada, Marmaris’in İçmeler Mahallesi sınırları içinde yer alan İçmeler Kanyonu’nda tespit edilen jeomorfolojik ve estetik değer sunan sekiz adet akarsu yatak çukurundan en belirgin olan dördünün jeolojik-jeomorfolojik ve morfometrik özellikleri tespit edilmiş, daha sonra bu şekiller bilimsel, görsel/estetik, tarihi-kültürel ve sosyoekonomik değer başlıklarıyla Prolong yöntemine göre ele alınmış, ilgili literatüre uygun puanlama ile Vtour skoru elde edilmiştir. Ardından bu sonuçları güçlendirebilmek için Güçlü, Zayıf, Fırsat ve Tedbirler (GZFT) analizine başvurulmuştur. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda söz konusu yatak çukurlarının özellikle görsel ve bilimsel anlamda orta-üstü öneme sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Marmaris’in sahip olduğu bu doğal güzelliğin/çekiciliğin coğrafi önemi ve özgünlüğünün kavranarak jeomorfosit olarak tanımlanması/tanıtılması, bu doğrultuda yetkili kurumlarca tabiat anıtı olarak ilan edilmesi gibi somut adımların atılması gerekmektedir. Bu çerçevede; söz konusu şekillerin başta yöre ekonomisi açısından önemli olan turizme çeşitlilik ve katma değer sağlayabileceği, Anadolu’daki farklı özgün jeomorfolojik şekillerin de bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilmesi adına bir gösterge sunabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Marmaris, İçmeler Kanyonu, Akarsu yatak çukurları, Jeomorfosit, Turizm.
Interface entre trabalho e família no período da pandemia da COVID-19: percepção de teletrabalhadores e gestores de Recursos Humanos
Authors: Leite Cassia Ellen dos Santos , Aguiar Carolina Villa Nova , Tironi Márcia Staffa , Silva Eliana Edington da Costa e
Published: July 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Família e trabalho configuram-se como domínios que auxiliam na compreensão do comportamento do indivíduo de forma coletiva e individual. A pandemia da COVID-19 e a adesão ao home office tornaram relevante pensar nas interfaces estabelecidas entre trabalho-família e, também, no papel dos gestores organizacionais nessa relação. OBJETIVO: Identificar como teletrabalhadores e profissionais de gestão de pessoas/saúde ocupacional (GP/SO) têm percebido as interfaces entre trabalho-família em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: O trabalho foi composto por dois estudos complementares: uma revisão de literatura e uma pesquisa empírica sobre a percepção de profissionais de gestão de pessoas/saúde ocupacional. Para a revisão, buscas nas bases eletrônicas Scielo, Pepsic e Lilacs foram realizadas, sendo selecionados artigos científicos que abordassem o equilíbrio entre trabalho e família durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Para a pesquisa empírica, participaram do estudo 38 profissionais de GP/SO, que responderam a um questionário online. As respostas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se na visão dos teletrabalhadores, mudanças na dinâmica trabalho-família, dificuldades financeiras, necessidade de usar novas tecnologias para a realizar o trabalho, prejuízos à saúde mental, questões relacionadas a gênero e possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento. Na visão da GP/SO, os trabalhadores tiveram dificuldade em conciliar trabalho-família. A falta de equipamentos e ambiente adequados influenciaram de forma negativa na produtividade. CONCLUSÃO: Acredita-se que o cenário pandêmico, associado ao aumento da jornada de trabalho e à cobrança excessiva por produtividade, tenha elevado o nível de tensão/estresse entre os indivíduos, gerando desequilíbrio entre as esferas familiar e ocupacional.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Vocational Well-Being of Women in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Alshabani Nuha , Wolfe Ginelle , Burke Kelly A. , Keramidas Natacha L. , Gregor Margo A.
Published: July 2023

Navigating employment and familial obligations has challenged women since their mass entry into public work. The demands of competing obligations can negatively impact women’s personal and vocational well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the challenge of balancing work and family roles as women faced expanded physical, caretaking, and mental labor, often resulting in role strain. This study explored how women in counseling psychology experienced role strain and its resulting impact on vocational well-being during the pandemic. Demand for counseling psychology services rose during the pandemic, potentially increasing role strain. Utilizing a phenomenological approach, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with six counseling psychologists who identified as women, employed full-time, and mothers to at least one child aged 12 or younger. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, and five themes emerged: gender expectations, multiple roles, vocational well-being, consequences, and profession differences. Implications for practitioners working with mothers in these roles are provided.
A Survey on Sugarcane Leaf Disease Identification Using Deep Learning Technique(CNN)
Authors: Reddy G. Mahesh , Ramana P. Hema Venkata , Anusha Ponnuru , Chakravarthy Battula Kalyan , Kasukurthi Aravinda , Lakshmi Vaddempudi Sujatha
Published: July 2023

The management of plant diseases is vital for the economical production of food and poses important challenges to the employment of soil, water, fuel and alternative inputs for agricultural functions. In each natural and cultivated populations, plants have inherent sickness tolerance, however there also are reports of devastating impacts of plant diseases. The management of diseases, however, within reason effective for many crops. sickness management is allotted through the employment of plants that square measure bred permanently resistance to several diseases and thru approaches to plant cultivation, like crop rotation, the employment of pathogen-free seeds, the given planting date and plant density, field wetness management, and therefore the use of pesticides. so as to enhance sickness management and to stay up with changes within the impact of diseases iatrogenic by the continued evolution and movement of plant pathogens and by changes in agricultural practices, continued progress within the science of soil science is required. Plant diseases cause tremendous economic losses for farmers globally. it's calculable that in additional developed settings across massive regions and lots of crop species, diseases usually cut back plant yields by ten percent per annum, however yield loss for diseases usually exceeds twenty percent in less developed settings. Around twenty-five percent of crop losses square measure caused by pests and diseases, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimates. to unravel this, new strategies for early detection of diseases and pests square measure required, like novel sensors that sight plant odours and spectrographic analysis and bio photonics that may diagnose plant health and metabolism. In artificial neural networks, deep learning is an element of a broader family of machine learning approaches supported realistic learning. Learning is often controlled, semi-supervised or unmonitored. to handle several real-world queries, Deep Learning Approaches are normally used. so as to differentiate pictures and acknowledge their options, coevolutionary neural networks have had a larger result. This article will do a Leaf Disease Identification Survey with Deep Learning Methods. It takes Sugarcane leaf as an instance to our paper.
Finite State Testing of Graphical User Interface using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Nitin Nitin , Yadav Mitul
Published: July 2023

Graphical user interfaces are the key components of any software. Nowadays, the popularity of the software depends upon how easily the user can interact with the system. However, as the system becomes complex, this interaction is also complicated with many states. The testing of graphical user interfaces is an important phase of modern software. The testing of GUI is possible only by interacting with the system, which may be a time-consuming process and is generally automated based on the test suite. The test suite generation proposed in this paper is based on the genetic algorithm in which various test cases are generated heuristically. For performance validation of the proposed approach, the same has been compared with a variant of PSO, and it found that GA is slightly better in comparison to the PSO.
A Novel PAPR Reduction in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) Based VLC Systems
Authors: Vaigandla Karthik Kumar , Benita J.
Published: July 2023

The peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major problem with multicarrier-based systems. Due to its improved spectral efficiency and decreased PAPR, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) has recently become an effective alternative to the orthogonal multiplexing division (OFDM). For filter bank multicarrier communication/offset quadrature amplitude modulation-Visible light communication (FBMC/OQAM-VLC) systems is proposed a PAPR reduction technique. The suggested approach overlaps the proposed FBMC/OQAM-based VLC data signal with the existing signals. Non-redundant signals and data signals do not overlap in the frequency domain because data signals are scattered on odd subcarriers whereas built signals use even subcarriers. To reduce the effects of large-amplitude signal reduction, the suggested technique converts negative signals into positive signals rather than clipping them off as in conventional FBMC-based VLC systems. The PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER) are realized using a scaling factor in the transformed signals. Complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF) and BER are used to calculate the performance of the proposed approach. The presented study found that FBMC/OQAM-VLC systems to achieve a good trade-off between PAPR reduction and BER.
Classification features of return losses of troop personnel: the problem of stress-associated mental disorders in modern military conflicts and emergencies
Authors: Savchenko Igor F. , Lemeshkin Roman N. , Kurasov Evgeny S. , Yusupov Vladislav V. , Koval Vasily E. , Ovcharenko Alexander P. , Chernyavsky Evgeny A. , Kukhtalyov Vladimir V. , Likhachevsky Ruslan N. , Pilnik Nikolai M.
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the classification features of return losses of the personnel of the troops, specifically focusing on psychiatric profile losses and stress-associated mental disorders in the context of modern military conflicts and emergencies of various natures. The term return losses refers to individuals who have regained their combat and work capacity after a temporary loss during military conflicts and are deemed physically fit to resume their functional duties. Additionally, temporarily lost combat and working capacity refers to individuals unable to perform their functional duties for a short period, typically ranging from several minutes to 24 hours. This category includes individuals with stress-associated mental disorders. The research finds that at least 20% of victims in modern military conflicts and emergencies exhibit signs of mental maladaptation within the first day of battle or during the elimination of the medical and sanitary consequences. To address the classification of personnel losses in psychiatric and stress-related cases, as well as the inconsistency in existing terminology, a proposed classification system based on the ability to return to service is presented. Furthermore, new principles have been established to determine the return losses of military personnel, facilitating the provision of adequate and timely assistance for individuals affected by stress-associated mental disorders. The article also outlines medical and psychological correction measures at various levels and elements of first aid for combat stress-induced maladaptive phenomena. Additionally, the study recommends future research on developing a methodology to assess the size and structure of contingents consisting of individuals who temporarily lose their combat and working capacity due to modern enemy weapons during combat operations, as well as in diverse emergency situations.
Ambulatory complementary technologies in primary care for domestic healthcare
Authors: Karailanov Mikhail G. , Mikheev Alexey V. , Prokin Igor G. , Apchel Andrey V.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the primary healthcare sector in our country has undergone significant development, driven by the implementation of tasks and the achievement of key indicators outlined in the National Healthcare Project. This growth has been supported by the countrys economic progress, leading to increased funding for the healthcare industry. Recently, a notable shift in focus has been toward preventive measures and outpatient care in medical facilities that provide primary health services. These measures include promoting a healthy lifestyle, assessing disease risks, and ensuring timely treatment and monitoring. The primary objective of all therapeutic and preventive measures is to enhance the lifespan and quality of life of our population. Since its establishment in 2020, the modernization of primary care, identified as a priority for healthcare development in the upcoming years, has made significant strides in improving accessibility and the quality of medical services. A key driver of this progress of healthcare in the Russian Federation is the extensive use of modern medical technologies, particularly in the provision of primary health care. This shift has also necessitated significant changes in professional terminology within the field. Consequently, an in-depth analysis of the potential integration and widespread use of modern medical technologies in medical facilities providing primary health care has led to the proposal of a new term: ambulatory complementary technologies. This term aims to enhance the conceptual framework of primary healthcare systems and eliminate discrepancies in medical professional terminology. This paper not only describes the reasons behind the emergence of the term ambulatory complementary technologies but also provides a clear definition and outlines prospects for its further development. By introducing this term, we aim to achieve a more accurate interpretation of the key indicators used to comprehensively assess primary healthcare across various regions of the Russian Federation. Ultimately, these efforts are geared toward enhancing the effectiveness of primary healthcare organizations.
Assessment of daily blood pressure parameters in patients after injury
Authors: Galaktionov Denis A. , Kuchmin Alexey N. , Pukhova Ulyana D. , Nagorny Mikhail B. , Zubakova Maria V. , Borisov Igor M.
Published: July 2023

Many studies have highlighted the impact of various significant risk factors on the occurrence of arterial hypertension. However, few papers have examined the effect of psychoemotional factors as important contributors to the risk of arterial hypertension for such a specific population group as contracted servicemen performing military service under conditions of performing special tasks. Furthermore, there is a lack of data on the daily profile of blood pressure in this particular group of individuals. This thesis aims to substantiate the claim that injury, as a risk factor, greatly influences changes in the daily profile of blood pressure. The study examined 118 patients, divided into an experimental group (65 people) and a control group (53 people). The daily profile of blood pressure was assessed using continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the quality of sleep, anxiety, and depression. The findings indicated that the patients of the experimental group, following trauma, exhibited a higher index of systolic and diastolic blood pressure duration, while the mean values remained within the normal range. Additionally, these patients more frequently exhibited a blood pressure profile characterized by an insufficient nocturnal decrease in blood pressure, known as non-dipping. This could be attributed to impaired sleep quality, as well as subclinically significant manifestations of anxiety and depression caused by stress. The early detection of changes in the index of systolic and diastolic blood pressure duration, along with deviations in the daily blood pressure profile observed through continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, would enable specialists to promptly address alterations in the hemodynamics of these patients and prescribe appropriate therapy. Therefore, psychoemotional stress in people who have experienced trauma is one of the trigger mechanisms for increased blood pressure. If left unaddressed, this can progress to persistent arterial hypertension.
Characteristics of antibiotic resistance of infectious pathogens in the wounded
Authors: Kryukov Evgeniy V. , Golovko Konstantin P. , Markevich Vitaly Yu. , Suborova Tatyana N. , Nosov Artem M. , Khugaev Leonard , Melnikova Elena V. , Sidelnikova Olga P.
Published: July 2023

This study examines the etiological structure and antibiotic resistance features of pathogens causing infectious complications in wounded patients receiving specialized medical care are considered. A total of 3845 clinical isolates were analyzed from wounded individuals admitted t o a multidisciplinary hospital for treatment. The analysis revealed that polyresistant pathogens, namely, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii were predominant among the isolated microorganisms. The prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii varied based on the type of clinical material, with higher rates observed in wounds and respiratory, and urinary tract discharges. The polyresistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive to tigecycline and polymyxin, while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to polymyxin only. A comparison of the 2022 data with a previous study conducted in 2020 on wound discharges revealed a significant shift in the spectrum of pathogens causing wound infections. This shift involved an increase in the proportion of Acinetobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as a decrease in the proportion of certain gram-negative bacteria, including Proteus spp. and Escherichia coli. Additionally, a notable five-fold reduction in the proportion of Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus was observed. It is likely that early empirical therapy for combat wounds effectively prevents the development of wound infections associated with these pathogens. Bloodstream infections were primarily caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (34.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.8%). Notably, 80% of Staphylococcus spp. isolates were methicillin-resistant. The prolonged course of infectious complications associated with polyresistant strains and the challenges in selecting appropriate antibacterial therapy may contribute to the circulation of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial strains within the hospital environment. Therefore, it is crucial to increase the vigilance of the epidemiological service in addressing the high frequency of polyresistant pathogens to implement timely antiepidemic measures. Overall, these findings indicate the involvement of polyresistant gram-negative bacteria in the development of infectious complications during the inpatient treatment of wounded individuals.
Features of the immunophenotype of cancer stem cells in different stages of colorectal cancer
Authors: Maistrenko Nikolay A. , Chirsky Vadim S. , Erokhina Alina A. , Sazonov Aleksey A.
Published: July 2023

This study examines the immunophenotype characteristics of the stem cell population in colon adenocarcinoma at various stages of the disease and evaluates their impact on the prevalence of the oncological process. The research involved analyzing surgical specimens from 67 patients with histologically confirmed colon adenocarcinoma using microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. The patients were divided into two groups based on the extent of the neoplastic process. The first group consisted of 32 patients with localized colorectal cancer (T34aN0M0), while the second group included 35 patients with colorectal cancer with synchronous monoorgan liver metastases (T34aN02M1a (hep)).The study assessed the immunophenotype of the tumor and investigated its correlation with the disease stage. The analysis revealed no significant correlation between the proliferative activity index of the immunohistochemical marker Ki67 and the stage of the disease (p = 0.108). However, when comparing the immunophenotype of stem tumor cells in the group of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, statistically significantly higher levels of expression were observed for the following immunohistochemical markers: ALDH1+ (p = 0.028), ALDH1+Ki67+ (p = 0.0002), and CXCR4+ (p = 0.005). These results indicate a strong association between immunohistochemical markers characterizing the stem cell population and the prevalence of the tumor. Therefore, markers such as ALDH1+, ALDH1+Ki67+, and CXCR4+ can provide valuable insights into the molecular and biological properties of stem tumor cells, aiding in the clinical assessment of the potential aggressiveness of colon adenocarcinoma. The study also found that the median stem cell proliferation index, which considers the proportion of proliferating cells only within the stem cell population and not the entire cell pool, in the group of patients with localized colorectal cancer was 16%. Notably, none of the patients in stage II of the disease had a stem cell proliferation level below 50%, and the stem cell proliferation index ranged from 0% to 50%. Notably, none of the patients in stage II of the disease had a stem cell proliferation level below 50%, and the stem cell proliferation index varied from 0% to 50%. In contrast, the median index of stem cell proliferation in the group of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was 45.5%, with values ranging from 7% to 100%. The stem cell proliferation index in this group was significantly higher (p = 0.00001) than that in the group with localized tumor processes. Considering the small population of stem tumor cells, determining the index of stem cell proliferation is advisable for a more accurate assessment of their proliferative activity.
The stability of ankle joint fixation during arthrodesis: a comparative study
Authors: Khominets Vladimir V. , Mikhailov Sergey V. , Zhumagaziev Sayan E. , Kondakov Nikita S. , Benin Andrey V. , Komichenko Stanislav O.
Published: July 2023

The stability of fixation of the tibia and talus during ankle arthrodesis remains a subject of scientific research. Finding the optimal method for fixing the tibiotalar joint is a pressing issue in traumatology and orthopedics. This study compares the stability of ankle joint fixation during arthrodesis using three spongy screws and an anterior plate combined with two spongy screws. Biomechanical characteristics of ankle joint fixation systems were evaluated on polyurethane foam models in two experimental series: the firs model utilized three spongy screws, and the second model employed a developed plate combined with two spongy screws. The stability of fixation of the ankle joint during arthrodesis was compared between these two approaches. Under minimum cyclic load (20 N), the displacement amplitude was 0.012 mm for the first variant and 0.008 mm for the second variant. Under maximum cyclic load (800 N), the displacement amplitude was 0.106 mm for the first variant and 0.03 mm for the second variant. The study revealed that fixation of the ankle joint during arthrodesis with a plate and two spongy screws provides greater stability compared to fixation with three spongy screws. This suggests that the proposed plate and screws create better conditions for the formation of ankle joint ankylosis. Given the positive biomechanical results, it is recommended to further test this method in clinical conditions.
Impact of the new coronavirus infection pandemic on the course of coronary heart disease
Authors: Litvinenko Ruslan I. , Gaiduk Sergey V.
Published: July 2023

This study analyzes the impact of the new coronavirus infection pandemic on the course of coronary heart disease. It highlights the role of factors such as endothelial dysfunction, microvascular hypoperfusion, thrombosis, and systemic inflammation in worsening cardiovascular pathology, including coronary heart disease. The paper also explores additional causes for the deterioration of coronary heart disease during the peak of the pandemic. Despite recommendations advocating for percutaneous intervention in all patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST-segment elevation, there has been a notable decrease in the number of percutaneous intervention procedures performed during the peak of the pandemic. This decline is observed in patients with both ST-segment elevation and those without (reductions of 21% and 37%, respectively). Despite the recommendations advocating for percutaneous intervention in all patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST-segment elevation, there has been a notable decrease in the number of percutaneous intervention procedures performed during the peak of pandemic. This decline is observed in patients with both ST-segment elevation and those without (reductions of 21% and 37%, respectively). Furthermore, there has been an increase in the time interval between ambulance contact and the execution of percutaneous procedures, resulting in prolonged myocardial ischemia and subsequently poorer patient prognosis. Moreover, due to limitations in the ability to provide inpatient examination and treatment for individuals with chronic heart failure, there has been a pronounced exacerbation of the condition and an increase in mortality rates. Similarly, the provision of cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction has been significantly restricted. Given the extensive number of patients who have been affected or continue to suffer from new coronavirus infection, it is of utmost importance to develop predictive models that account for the development of post-new coronavirus infection syndrome and the emergence of early and late complications of a new coronavirus infection, including coronary artery disease, and comorbidities. The current risk assessment models, aimed at predicting mortality and guiding the treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection or post-infection, do not comprehensively consider all the necessary parameters nor do they predict the emergence of long-term complications. Therefore, further prospective studies are required to address these limitations.
Evolutionary mechanisms of virus variability
Authors: Moskalev Alexander V. , Gumilevsky Boris Yu. , Apchel Vasiliy Ya. , Tsygan Vasiliy N.
Published: July 2023

The evolutionary changes of viruses are primarily associated with the replication processes of viruses containing deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids, which differ significantly. The genomes of most viruses containing ribonucleic acid are replicated with much less accuracy compared to the genomes of viruses containing deoxyribonucleic acid. Comparing the number of mutations in an infected cell reflects an inverse relationship between genome size and the frequency of mutations carried out by these two categories of viruses. Viruses with double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid genomes have a low mutation rate compared to single-stranded genomes. The genome of viruses is not a stable unique structure, but rather an average, variable number of different amino acid sequences. It is in the virus population that a high mutation rate is maintained, and low variability is not beneficial for the preservation of viruses in nature. Some animal species may be intermediate hosts when new epidemic viruses appear. The introduction of non-viral nucleic acid into the viral genome can also contribute to the evolutionary changes of the virus, lead to the formation of defective genomes or to the emergence of hypervirulent strains. Viral genomes encode numerous molecules that modulate a wide range of protective immune mechanisms. The variability of viruses is also facilitated by the simultaneous integration of several proviral genomes into one cell, which activates the processes of recombination and genetic shift. An important evolutionary point may be the conversion of ribonucleic acid ribose into deoxyribose of deoxyribonucleic acid, which increases the stability of nucleic acids by more than 100 times. Horizontal gene transfer between viruses that infect different hosts is a central feature of the evolution of viruses containing ribonucleic acid. Eukaryote viruses with single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid probably evolved from bacterial plasmids after they acquired capsid protein genes from the (+) ribonucleic acid chain of viruses. In addition to megaviruses and adenoviruses, polintons are likely precursors to bidnaviruses and virophages.