bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORIGIN OF THE GALACTIC DIFFUSE X-RAY EMISSION: IRON K-SHELL LINE DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Nobukawa Masayoshi , Uchiyama Hideki , Nobukawa Kumiko K. , Yamauchi Shigeo , Koyama Katsuji
Published: December 2016

This paper reports detailed K-shell line profiles of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) of the Galactic Center X-ray Emission (GCXE), Galactic Bulge X-ray Emission (GBXE), Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission (GRXE), magnetic Cataclysmic Variables (mCVs), non-magnetic Cataclysmic Variables (non-mCVs), and coronally Active Binaries (ABs). For the study of the origin of the GCXE, GBXE, and GRXE, the spectral analysis is focused on equivalent widths of the Fe i-Kα, Fe xxv-Heα, and Fe xxvi-Lyα lines. The global spectrum of the GBXE is reproduced by a combination of the mCVs, non-mCVs, and ABs spectra. On the other hand, the GRXE spectrum shows significant data excesses at the Fe i-Kα and Fe xxv-Heα line energies. This means that additional components other than mCVs, non-mCVs, and ABs are required, which have symbiotic phenomena of cold gas and very high-temperature plasma. The GCXE spectrum shows larger excesses than those found in the GRXE spectrum at all the K-shell lines of iron and nickel. Among them the largest ones are the Fe i-Kα, Fe xxv-Heα, Fe xxvi-Lyα, and Fe xxvi-Lyβ lines. Together with the fact that the scale heights of the Fe i-Kα, Fe xxv-Heα, and Fe xxvi-Lyα lines are similar to that of the central molecular zone (CMZ), the excess components would be related to high-energy activity in the extreme envelopment of the CMZ.
STAR FORMATION IN ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES PROBED WITH AKARI NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Yano Kenichi , Nakagawa Takao , Isobe Naoki , Shirahata Mai
Published: December 2016

We conducted systematic observations of the H i Brα line (4.05 μm) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature (3.3 μm) in 50 nearby (

) ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) with AKARI. The Brα line is predicted to be the brightest among the H i lines under conditions of high dust extinction (

mag). The Brα line traces ionizing photons from OB stars and so is used as an indicator of star formation on the assumption of the initial mass function. We detected the Brα line in 33 ULIRGs. The luminosity of the line (

) correlates well with that of the 3.3 μm PAH emission (

). Thus we utilize

as an indicator of star formation in fainter objects where the Brα line is undetected. The mean

ratio in LINERs/Seyferts is significantly lower than that in H ii galaxies. This difference is reconfirmed with the

ratio in the larger sample (46 galaxies). Using the ratios, we estimate that the contribution of starburst in LINERs/Seyferts is

, and active galactic nuclei contribute the remaining

. However, comparing the number of ionizing photons,

, derived from

with that, Q
IR, expected from the star formation rate required to explain

, we find that the mean

ratio is only (55.5 ± 7.5)% even in H ii galaxies, which are thought to be energized by pure starburst. This deficit of ionizing photons traced by the Brα line is significant even taking heavy dust extinction into consideration. We propose that dust within H ii regions absorbs a significant fraction of ionizing photons.
CONSTRAINING MODELS OF TWIN-PEAK QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS WITH REALISTIC NEUTRON STAR EQUATIONS OF STATE
Authors: Török Gabriel , Goluchová Kateřina , Urbanec Martin , Šrámková Eva , Adámek Karel , Urbancová Gabriela , Pecháček Tomáš , Bakala Pavel , Stuchlík Zdeněk , Horák Jiří , Juryšek Jakub
Published: December 2016

Twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed in the X-ray power-density spectra of several accreting low-mass neutron star (NS) binaries. In our previous work we have considered several QPO models. We have identified and explored mass–angular-momentum relations implied by individual QPO models for the atoll source 4U 1636-53. In this paper we extend our study and confront QPO models with various NS equations of state (EoS). We start with simplified calculations assuming Kerr background geometry and then present results of detailed calculations considering the influence of NS quadrupole moment (related to rotationally induced NS oblateness) assuming Hartle–Thorne spacetimes. We show that the application of concrete EoS together with a particular QPO model yields a specific mass–angular-momentum relation. However, we demonstrate that the degeneracy in mass and angular momentum can be removed when the NS spin frequency inferred from the X-ray burst observations is considered. We inspect a large set of EoS and discuss their compatibility with the considered QPO models. We conclude that when the NS spin frequency in 4U 1636-53 is close to 580 Hz, we can exclude 51 of the 90 considered combinations of EoS and QPO models. We also discuss additional restrictions that may exclude even more combinations. Namely, 13 EOS are compatible with the observed twin-peak QPOs and the relativistic precession model. However, when considering the low-frequency QPOs and Lense–Thirring precession, only 5 EOS are compatible with the model.
STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, AND DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION OF MASSIVE PRE-STELLAR CORES
Authors: Goodson Matthew D. , Kong Shuo , Tan Jonathan C. , Heitsch Fabian , Caselli Paola
Published: December 2016

High levels of deuterium fraction in N2H+ are observed in some pre-stellar cores. Single-zone chemical models find that the timescale required to reach observed values (

) is longer than the free-fall time, possibly 10 times longer. Here, we explore the deuteration of turbulent, magnetized cores with 3D magnetohydrodynamics simulations. We use an approximate chemical model to follow the growth in abundances of N2H+ and N2D+. We then examine the dynamics of the core using each tracer for comparison to observations. We find that the velocity dispersion of the core as traced by N2D+ appears slightly sub-virial compared to predictions of the Turbulent Core Model of McKee & Tan, except at late times just before the onset of protostar formation. By varying the initial mass surface density, the magnetic energy, the chemical age, and the ortho-to-para ratio of H2, we also determine the physical and temporal properties required for high deuteration. We find that low initial ortho-to-para ratios (

) and/or multiple free-fall times (

) of prior chemical evolution are necessary to reach the observed values of deuterium fraction in pre-stellar cores.
TRACKING THE SOLAR CYCLE THROUGH IBEX OBSERVATIONS OF ENERGETIC NEUTRAL ATOM FLUX VARIATIONS AT THE HELIOSPHERIC POLES
Authors: Reisenfeld D. B. , Bzowski M. , Funsten H. O. , Fuselier S. A. , Galli A. , Janzen P. H. , Karna N. , Kubiak M. A. , McComas D. J. , Schwadron N. A. , Sokół J. M.
Published: December 2016

With seven years of Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations, from 2009 to 2015, we can now trace the time evolution of heliospheric energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) through over half a solar cycle. At the north and south ecliptic poles, the spacecraft attitude allows for continuous coverage of the ENA flux; thus, signal from these regions has much higher statistical accuracy and time resolution than anywhere else in the sky. By comparing the solar wind dynamic pressure measured at 1 au with the heliosheath plasma pressure derived from the observed ENA fluxes, we show that the heliosheath pressure measured at the poles correlates well with the solar cycle. The analysis requires time-shifting the ENA measurements to account for the travel time out and back from the heliosheath, which allows us to estimate the scale size of the heliosphere in the polar directions. We arrive at an estimated distance to the center of the ENA source region in the north of 220 au and in the south a distance of 190 au. We also find a good correlation between the solar cycle and the ENA energy spectra at the poles. In particular, the ENA flux for the highest IBEX energy channel (4.3 keV) is quite closely correlated with the areas of the polar coronal holes, in both the north and south, consistent with the notion that polar ENAs at this energy originate from pickup ions of the very high speed wind (∼700 km s−1) that emanates from polar coronal holes.
THE LINK BETWEEN RARE-EARTH PEAK FORMATION AND THE ASTROPHYSICAL SITE OF THE R PROCESS
Authors: Mumpower Matthew R. , McLaughlin Gail C. , Surman Rebecca , Steiner Andrew W.
Published: December 2016

The primary astrophysical source of the rare-earth elements is the rapid neutron capture process (r process). The rare-earth peak that is seen in the solar r-process residuals has been proposed to originate as a pile-up of nuclei during the end of the r process. We introduce a new method utilizing Monte Carlo studies of nuclear masses in the rare-earth region, that includes self-consistently adjusting β-decay rates and neutron capture rates, to find the mass surfaces necessary for the formation of the rare-earth peak. We demonstrate our method with two types of astrophysical scenario, one corresponding to conditions typical of hot winds from core-collapse supernovae and stellar-mass accretion disks, and one corresponding to conditions typical of the ejection of the material from the tidal tails of neutron star mergers. In each type of astrophysical condition, this method successfully locates a region of enhanced stability in the mass surface that is responsible for the rare-earth peak. For each scenario, we find that the change in the mass surface has qualitatively different features, thus future measurements can shed light on the type of environment in which the r process occurred.
STRUCTURAL TRANSITION IN THE NGC 6251 JET: AN INTERPLAY WITH THE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE AND ITS HOST GALAXY
Authors: Tseng Chih-Yin , Asada Keiichi , Nakamura Masanori , Pu Hung-Yi , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Lo Wen-Ping
Published: December 2016

The structure of the NGC 6251 jet on the milliarcsecond scale is investigated using images taken with the European VLBI Network and the Very Long Baseline Array. We detect a structural transition of the jet from a parabolic to a conical shape at a distance of (1–2) × 105 times the Schwarzschild radius from the central engine, which is close to the sphere of gravitational influence of the supermassive black hole (SMBH). We also examine the jet pressure profiles with the synchrotron minimum energy assumption to discuss the physical origin of the structural transition. The NGC 6251 jet, together with the M87 jet, suggests a fundamental process of structural transition in the jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Collimated AGN jets are characterized by their external galactic medium, showing that AGN jets interplay with the SMBH and its host galaxy.
ENERGETIC NEUTRAL HYDROGEN OBSERVATIONS DEMONSTRATE THAT VOYAGER 1 IS NOT OBSERVING THE EXTRAORDINARILY STRONG INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Gloeckler G. , Fisk L. A.
Published: December 2016

It is generally believed that Voyager 1 (V1) is now in interstellar space, having crossed the heliopause at a heliocentric distance of 121.58 au in late August of 2012. Here we use recently published spectra of energetic neutral hydrogen, and the magnetic field and energetic particles directly measured by V1 to find the average pressure in the inner heliosheath (termination shock to 122 au). This pressure turns out to be surprisingly large, (3.57 ± 0.71) × 10−12 dyn cm−2, and is completely dominated by pressures of pickup ions (PUIs), created in the inner heliosheath, and their suprathermal tails (43%), and PUIs and their tails that are produced upstream of the termination shock and enter the heliosheath (46%). We compute the total particle pressure in the outer heliosheath near the heliopause from distribution functions of the interstellar plasma and locally created PUIs using profiles of proton density, proton temperature, and neutral hydrogen density from model 2 in Zank et al., and find it to be at most 7.7 × 10−13 dyn cm−2. Balancing pressure across the heliopause, thus requires an unusually large magnetic pressure (2.8 × 10−12 dyn cm−2). The resulting strength and 1σ uncertainty of the draped magnetic field in the outer heliosheath near the heliopause is 0.839 ± 0.106 nT. The 3σ
lower limit field strength (0.52 nT) is greater than the field of ∼0.43 ± 0.02 nT measured by V1, implying that there is less than 1% probability that V1 is measuring the interstellar draped field.
gPhoton: THE GALEX PHOTON DATA ARCHIVE
Authors: Million Chase , Fleming Scott W. , Shiao Bernie , Seibert Mark , Loyd Parke , Tucker Michael , Smith Myron , Thompson Randy , White Richard L.
Published: December 2016

gPhoton is a new database product and software package that enables analysis of GALEX ultraviolet data at the photon level. The project’s stand-alone, pure-Python calibration pipeline reproduces the functionality of the original mission pipeline to reduce raw spacecraft data to lists of time-tagged, sky-projected photons, which are then hosted in a publicly available database by the Mikulski Archive at Space Telescope. This database contains approximately 130 terabytes of data describing approximately 1.1 trillion sky-projected events with a timestamp resolution of five milliseconds. A handful of Python and command-line modules serve as a front end to interact with the database and to generate calibrated light curves and images from the photon-level data at user-defined temporal and spatial scales. The gPhoton software and source code are in active development and publicly available under a permissive license. We describe the motivation, design, and implementation of the calibration pipeline, database, and tools, with emphasis on divergence from prior work, as well as challenges created by the large data volume. We summarize the astrometric and photometric performance of gPhoton relative to the original mission pipeline. For a brief example of short time-domain science capabilities enabled by gPhoton, we show new flares from the known M-dwarf flare star CR Draconis. The gPhoton software has permanent object identifiers with the ASCL (ascl:1603.004) and DOI (doi:10.17909/T9CC7G). This paper describes the software as of version v1.27.2.
A SIMPLE EVOLUTIONAL MODEL OF THE UV HABITABLE ZONE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF PERSISTENT LIFE EXISTENCE: THE EFFECTS OF MASS AND METALLICITY
Authors: Oishi Midori , Kamaya Hideyuki
Published: December 2016

In addition to the habitable zone (HZ), the UV habitable zone (UV-HZ) is important when considering the existence of persistent life in the universe. The UV-HZ is defined as the area where the UV radiation field from a host star is moderate for persistent life existence. This is because UV is necessary for the synthesis of biochemical compounds. The UV-HZ must overlap the HZ when life appears and evolves. In this paper, following our previous study of the HZ, we examine the UV-HZ in cases with a stellar mass range from 0.08 to 4.00 M
☉ with various metallicities during the main sequence phase. This mass range was chosen because we are interested in an environment similar to that of Earth. The effect of metallicity is reflected in the spectrum of the host stars, and we reexamine it in the context of the UV-HZ. The present work shows the effect of metallicity when that in the UV-HZ is less than that in the HZ. Furthermore, we find that the chance of persistent life existence declines as the metallicity decreases, as long as the UV radiation is not protected and/or boosted by any mechanisms. This is because the overlapped region of a persistent HZ and UV-HZ decreases. We find that the most appropriate stellar mass for the persistence of life existence is from 1.0 to 1.5 M
☉ with metallicity Z = 0.02, and only about 1.2 M
☉ with Z = 0.002. When Z = 0.0002, the chance of persistent life existence is very low, assuming that the ocean does not protect the life from UV radiation.
The Use of Different Irrigation Techniques to Decrease Bacterial Loads in Healthy and Diabetic Patients with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Ghoneim Mai , ElDin Saber Shehab , El-Badry Tarek , Obeid Maram , Hassib Nehal
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease which weakens the humanâ€™s immunity. Subsequently, it worsens the sequelae of apical periodontitis by raising a fierce bacterial trait due to the impaired host response.AIM: The study aimed to estimate bacterial reduction after using different irrigation techniques in systemically healthy and diabetic patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Fusobacterium necleatum bacteria were chosen, as they are the most common and prevailing strains found in periodontitis. Bacterial samples were retrieved from necrotic root canals of systemically healthy and diabetic patients, before and after endodontic cleaning and shaping by using two different irrigation techniques; the conventional one and the EndoVac system. Quantitive polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilised to detect the reduction in the bacterial count.RESULTS: The EndoVac irrigation system was effective in reducing bacteria, especially Peptostreptococcus micros in the diabetic group when compared to conventional irrigation technique with a statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION: The EndoVac can be considered as a promising tool in combination with irrigant solution to defeat the bacterial colonies living in the root canal system. Additional studies ought to be done to improve the means of bacterial clearance mainly in immune-compromised individuals.
Jordan Minov. COPD and the Workplace. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.; 2016. 83 pages; ISBN 978-1-63484-249-5
Authors: Karadzinska-Bislimovska Jovanka
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE: The aim of this monograph is to present a role of the workplace exposures on the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the joint effect of the workplace exposures and tobacco smoke in its development and progression, the diagnostics of the COPD related to occupational exposures, as well as its management and prevention.CONTENTS: The publication consists of seven chapters supplemented by a list of abbreviations and index of terms. The cited literature at the end of the monograph obtains scientific support to the elaborated professional knowledge.CONCLUSION: The monograph COPD and the Workplace presents a comprehensive literature dedicated to this problem and a serious effort for improvement of detection and management of COPD related to workplace exposures by medical professionals and its prevention.
Éditorial. La diversité en question 11 e rencontres de la diversité à Liège
Authors: Cornet Annie , Montargot Nathalie
Published: December 2016

Les établissements médico-sociaux s’adaptent à un contexte réglementaire tendant à renforcer les normes organisationnelles et à faire évoluer les logiques de fonctionnement. Cette étude se propose de clarifier et d’évaluer les termes du contrat psychologique (CP) au sein d’un Institut d’éducation motrice. L’étude est réalisée trois ans après l’arrivée d’un nouveau Directeur, dont l’organisation du travail se fonde sur une logique économique. Les résultats des entretiens réalisés avec 20 salariés ayant connu l’ancienne direction d’une part et les membres de l’équipe de direction d’autre part, montrent que les attentes de ces premiers à l’égard de la direction sont d’ordre relationnel. Le nouveau directeur, connaissant les attentes de ses collaborateurs, ne les respecte délibérément pas, ce qui conduit à une violation du CP des salariés, dont les attentes étaient pourtant préalablement satisfaites. Cette violation émotionnelle impacte le salarié et sa relation à l’organisation, mais aussi, de manière collective le climat social. La discussion met l’accent sur le déficit de leadership du directeur, ainsi que sur la violation et les possibilités de réparation du CP des salariés. Concernant le premier point, nous formulons des recommandations concernant la qualité de la relation managériale du directeur, sa perception pluridimensionnelle de la notion de performance, l’importance de sa formation, sa capacité à construire une relation de confiance et à développer des compétences transformationnelles. Concernant le second, une réparation du CP s’avère possible. Nous suggérons de favoriser une nouvelle politique de communication interne adaptée aux attentes des salariés et l’ouverture d’espaces de discussion.
Quelle expertise pour le conseil en égalité professionnelle ?
Authors: Blanchard Soline
Published: December 2016

En quarante ans, l’égalité professionnelle s’est progressivement imposée comme problème public en France, un maximum de protagonistes du monde économique étant désormais invités à se mobiliser en faveur de cet objectif au sein de leurs organisations. Corollaire direct, une activité d’un nouveau genre a vu le jour et connaît un développement significatif depuis les années 2000 : le conseil en égalité professionnelle. Activité en construction, sa définition fait l’objet de disputes entre prestataires de service. Le présent article propose d’en étudier une dimension particulière : les conceptions concurrentes de l’expertise requise pour exercer une telle activité. L’analyse permet d’en dégager deux : une expertise d’élicitation (qui s’appuie sur le cadre de référence des clients et ses problématiques de gestion) et une expertise thématique (qui propose un cadre de référence externe et une analyse multi-niveaux des inégalités). Présentes conjointement chez l’ensemble des intervenant-e-s, ces deux conceptions apparaissent moins opposées que complémentaires. Toutefois, plébiscitée par les clients, l’expertise d’élicitation prédomine sur le marché de l’égalité professionnelle. Cette primauté influence directement la structuration du marché et le potentiel transformateur des interventions des consultant-e-s.
La mutation de la Banque de France vers l'indépendance
Authors: Duchaussoy Vincent
Published: December 2016

Cet article a pour objet de mettre en lumière les mutations auxquelles fut soumise la Banque de France, en tant qu'organisation, à l'occasion de sa transformation en banque centrale indépendante, ici envisagée comme un processus long initié dans les années 1980 pour aboutir au vote de la loi du 4 août 1993. Réinsérant cette séquence dans une dynamique globale, il montre comment cette période est fondamentalement marquée par une double mutation. La banque centrale, nationalisée à la Libération, se détache de la sphère publique pour devenir une autorité administrative autonome. Dans le même temps, la conjoncture heurtée et la fragilité des marchés lui confèrent un rôle majeur dans la compréhension et la régulation des phénomènes monétaires internationaux. Son expertise économique et monétaire, construite au prix d'une restructuration de ses fonctions traditionnelles, lui est reconnue tant par les autorités de l'État que par les acteurs du marché. Elle marque ainsi une rupture dans la longue histoire des relations de la banque centrale avec l'État et le marché.
Honneur national et destin colonial : le sort de l'Amérique française, 1627-1632
Authors: de Waele Michel
Published: December 2016

La guerre franco-anglaise de 1627-1629 place, pour la première fois, la question des territoires français d'Amérique au cœur des relations entre les deux royaumes, les Britanniques s'étant emparés en 1629 de la Nouvelle-France et de l'Acadie. Si la restitution de Québec à la France ne pose pas de difficultés, dix-huit mois de négociations sont nécessaires avant que l'Angleterre n'accepte de laisser aller l'Acadie. Ces pourparlers, qui mobilisent le droit international naissant, montrent l'intérêt que prenaient différents ministres de Louis XIII aux affaires d'outre-mer et illustrent que celles-ci ne relevaient pas uniquement d'aspects stratégiques ou militaires, mais s'inscrivaient également dans la culture politique du temps. En effet, c'est en se référant à l'honneur national que le marquis de Châteauneuf réussit finalement à convaincre le gouvernement royal de la nécessité de remettre la main sur l'Acadie.
L'œil et l'art de la maîtresse : une châtelaine et ses serviteurs, entre discours et pratiques au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Chollet Mathilde
Published: December 2016

Cet article étudie les rapports maîtresse-serviteurs dans la petite noblesse de province au xviii e siècle à partir d'une étude de cas. Le discours que tient la Vendômoise Mme de Marans, dans ses journaux personnels et dans sa correspondance, met en évidence les représentations des châtelaines concernant leur rôle au château et dans la société, et concernant la domesticité masculine et féminine. Les pratiques quotidiennes qui ressortent de la correspondance, des actes de la pratique et des registres paroissiaux, montrent le décalage entre discours et réalité, et l'ambiguïté des rapports maîtresse-serviteurs, entre mépris envers le groupe et affection pour les individus. Les moyens de contrôle et pression du maître mis en évidence à la ville par Sarah Maza se retrouvent et à la campagne, et sous direction féminine.
Fortune et carrière cléricale dans la France concordataire
Authors: Gicquel Samuel
Published: December 2016

L'étude des successions laissées par les prêtres séculiers révèle l'amélioration de leur vie matérielle à partir de la Restauration. Le sacerdoce n'ouvre pas la voie de la richesse, mais éloigne la crainte de la pauvreté et permet de constituer de solides patrimoines. Grâce à cet enrichissement, les ecclésiastiques peuvent jouer un rôle de redistributeur, dans leur paroisse comme dans leur famille, et renforcent le rôle social et le poids financier de l'Église. La fortune des clercs à leur mort n'est donc que partiellement le reflet de la carrière, beaucoup d'ecclésiastiques laissant la succession qui leur paraît acceptable au regard de leur position, de leur morale et de leur origine familiale.
Les Pérégrinations d'Irma de Manziarly dans les contradictions de l'orientalisme de l'entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Montaut Annie
Published: December 2016

Sur la base de la présentation d'Irma de Manziarly et de ses voyages en Inde, notamment dans sa perception du temps, de l'espace et du mouvement, l'article vise à inscrire cet auteur oublié dans le cadre d'un orientalisme humaniste, celui de Schwab, de Lévi et de Renou, en contraste avec les orientalismes de l'altérité, ceux de Guénon ou de Gobineau.
Penser le modernisme à partir de l'Inde : traduction et braconnage, recyclage et renouvellement
Authors: Zecchini Laetitia
Published: December 2016

Cet article se propose de réfléchir aux questionnements théoriques, poétiques et esthétiques d'un modernisme à partir de l'Inde, en particulier à partir des pratiques d'artistes et d'écrivains de Bombay, d'Allahabad et de Baroda. Penser le modernisme à partir de l'Inde c'est penser une histoire singulière et une histoire connectée, c'est substituer à la question de l'origine de la modernité, ou au paradigme de l'influence, la notion de traduction , comme expérience ou manifestation de la différence et comme renouvellement, c'est enfin s'intéresser aux pratiques de collage, d'assemblage et de recyclage dont témoignent ces œuvres et qui sont le signe de la pluralité des mondes auxquels ces artistes appartiennent.
Enjeux stratégiques et économiques des politiques d’exportation d’armement
Authors: Béraud-Sudreau Lucie , Meijer Hugo
Published: December 2016

Dans un marché de l’armement qui se mondialise, marqué par une forte compétition et d’importantes contraintes budgétaires, les gouvernements encouragent les exportations militaires afin de soutenir leurs industries de défense. Toutefois, les politiques d’exportation d’armes diffèrent considérablement d’un État à l’autre, tant en ce qui concerne les technologies transférées que les pays destinataires. Cet article propose un schéma explicatif et une typologie articulant facteurs internationaux et nationaux afin d’appréhender les variations dans les politiques d’exportation d’armement. Il s’agit de montrer que le poids relatif des considérations stratégiques et économiques dans l’élaboration des politiques d’exportation d’armes dépend, sur le plan international, du positionnement de l’État dans la hiérarchie mondiale des producteurs d’armement et, sur le plan national, du degré de dépendance à l’exportation de son industrie de défense. Cette typologie est ensuite testée à travers une comparaison des politiques américaine et française d’exportation d’armement, à partir d’entretiens réalisés à Washington D.C. et à Paris et de câbles diplomatiques fuités par Wikileaks. Cet article contribue ainsi d’un point de vue tant théorique qu’empirique à l’étude d’un domaine sous-exploré de l’action extérieure des États, à la frontière entre enjeux stratégiques et économiques, et des enchevêtrements entre dimensions internes et externes de l’action publique œuvrant ainsi au rapprochement entre relations internationales et analyse comparée des politiques publiques.
Paris/Texas : Les voies détournées de la « diversité » dans les filières d’élite de l’enseignement supérieur aux États-Unis et en France
Authors: Sabbagh Daniel
Published: December 2016

Les États-Unis et la France sont conventionnellement décrits comme incarnant des modèles radicalement opposés quant au statut juridique et administratif des classifications raciales et la légitimité éventuelle de leur usage. Pourtant, l’étude des dispositifs mis en place depuis le milieu des années 1990 par l’Université du Texas à Austin et par Sciences Po révèle une convergence des politiques de discrimination positive américaines et françaises concernant l’accès aux filières d’élite de l’enseignement supérieur. Cette convergence a trait à la fois à la principale justification invoquée à l’appui de l’existence de ces programmes – les vertus de la « diversité » – et aux instruments mobilisés – diverses stratégies de substitution fondées sur la corrélation entre le facteur ethno-racial et le lieu de résidence. De part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, on observe donc un essor de la discrimination positive indirecte dont les déterminants demeurent imparfaitement identifiés.
Charting the Course of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Headed?
Authors: Rosenquist Peter B. , McCall W. Vaughn , Youssef Nagy
Published: December 2016

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the oldest and best treatments for severe mental illness. A safe and highly effective option for treatment-resistant mood disorders, ECT can be a lifesaving treatment for people suffering from catatonia and acute suicidality. Less recognized are the benefits of ECT in the treatment of primary psychotic disorders, Parkinson's disease, and status epilepticus. Evidence from multisite clinical trials in the past decade shows an evolving standard for the delivery of ECT to achieve and maintain remission and quality of life. Today, the optimal practice of ECT is defined by evidence-based treatment planning, including patient selection, choice of electrode placement and stimulus parameters, augmentation with pharmacotherapy, and the use of continuation/maintenance treatment. Research into biomarkers and neuroplasticity related to ECT response, as well as new investigational methods of delivering ECT, provide a glimpse into the future of this time-tested treatment. [J
ournal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 54
(12), 39–43.]
Raconter saint Antoine à Lisbonne. Acteurs, performances et effets du discours hagiographique contemporain
Authors: Isnart Cyril
Published: December 2016

Cet article examine les modalités plurielles de la narration contemporaine de la vie de saint Antoine de Padoue dans le sanctuaire qui est construit à l’emplacement supposé de sa naissance, à Lisbonne au Portugal. En décrivant d’abord la diversité des narrateurs (Franciscains en charge du sanctuaire, guides touristiques, employés des services culturels municipaux et conservateur de musée), on tente de montrer quelles sont les conditions concrètes de la fabrication d’une figure sainte locale, dont les images et le culte sont diffusés de manière universelle. Si la naissance et la formation portugaises du saint apparaissent comme deux motifs narratifs essentiels de localisation, la mise en récit des éléments du rituel populaire au Portugal permet par ailleurs de consolider les liens que le saint entretient avec son lieu. La mobilisation de l’hagiographie portugaise et de certaines pratiques dévotionnelles locales dans les discours de visite du sanctuaire implique d’une part une distinction entre le modèle ecclésiastique, universel et intellectuel de saint Antoine docteur de l’Église et la figure d’intercesseur ordinaire et familier des fidèles portugais. Mais la diversité des acteurs qui transmettent l’hagiographie permet d’autre part d’interroger les superpositions entre les usages religieux, touristiques et patrimoniaux du saint, qui apparaît tout à la fois comme modèle de vie chrétienne, paradigme de la religion populaire locale et expression de l’identité nationale. Le texte contribue ainsi à analyser comment les enjeux du tourisme et de la patrimonialisation se conjuguent intimement aujourd’hui aux pratiques religieuses et imposent une analyse qui prenne en compte la diversité des motivations du fait religieux contemporain.
La fabrique des entités : récits sur l’enchantement d’un riverain extraordinaire en Amazonie brésilienne
Authors: Stoll Émilie
Published: December 2016

Le mythe de Cobra Honorato, largement diffusé en Amazonie brésilienne sous de multiples variantes, met en scène un serpent enchanté (encantado) et sa sœur jumelle, fruits de l’union charnelle entre une femme et une entité subaquatique. Dans la zone rurale de Santarém, bas-Amazone, cette trame narrative informe de façon récurrente les récits produits sur les trajectoires de vie d’individus remarquables (comme de grands guérisseurs décédés). À travers ces récits, les riverains retracent un réseau d’interconnaissance fondé sur la parenté en insistant sur ses dimensions spatiale, historique et sociologique. Je montrerai par ailleurs comment ces actualisations du mythe servent des enjeux microsociologiques, et permettent d’appréhender les conditions historiques des jeux de pouvoir et de domination au sein de la population régionale.
Le culte de sainte Philomène à ‘Uvea (Wallis). Figure féminine unificatrice de la jeunesse et de l’espoir
Authors: Fromonteil Alice
Published: December 2016

À ‘Uvea (Wallis, Polynésie), le culte de sainte Philomène connaît un succès remarquable depuis 2007. Érigé sur un tertre à l’intérieur d’une école, le sanctuaire principal se trouve sur un site historique singulier. D’une part, ce sanctuaire a été construit autour d’une croix commémorant la présence de monseigneur Bataillon, premier évêque de l’île. D’autre part, cet édifice se dresse au cœur d’une zone d’ombre qui abrite des tombes appartenant au temps « païen » dont la mémoire se transmet à travers des récits oraux. Cette étude interroge l’émergence du culte de sainte Philomène à partir de l’articulation entre l’hagiographie et les récits locaux. Le culte de cette figure féminine prolonge et organise un passé complexe, tout en répondant à certains enjeux contemporains de l’île.
Responsible Management in the CSR 2.0 Era
Authors: García de Leaniz Patricia Martínez , Gómez-López Raquel
Published: December 2016

Many authors and professionals claim that the vast majority of firms have failed to be good corporate citizens. Even some academics indicate that modern Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has malfunctioned to address the issues this philosophy claims to be concerned about. Nevertheless, another group of scholars claim that CSR should not be considered as an impractical philosophy to improve society's welfare and companies' performance. This new stream of research argues that the field of CSR is ushering in a new era in the relationship between business and society: the CSR 2.0 era. The aim of this chapter is to present the Total Responsibility Management (TRM) approach in order to show how companies can implement CSR issues into their strategies contributing to companies' success and community welfare by managing relationships and companies impacts in this new era.
Storytelling about CSR
Authors: Baraibar-Diez Elisa , Odriozola María D. , Sánchez José Luis Fernández
Published: December 2016

Storytelling has proved to be effective in fields such as education and healthcare, but also in public relations, branding, organizational management, and employee engagement, what has led to the emergence of the terms corporate or organizational storytelling, where narration is related to corporate issues. The benefits of storytelling show that it can be used as a tool to communicate CSR information in order to engage other stakeholders. This chapter provides several examples of storytelling about CSR in four successful companies with the aims of transmitting values, fostering collaboration, leading change and sharing knowledge: Cisco Systems, The Coca-Cola Company, Patagonia, and KPMG Ireland.
ICTs
Authors: Dunne Kerill
Published: December 2016

Within Western democracies there has been a growing demand to use ICT to enable citizens to get more involved with local political issues. Western local governments have claimed that ICT can empower citizens and strengthen local democracy. This chapter will focus on one aspect of this and examine the provision of online direct democracy and whether citizens do indeed have the opportunity to vote more in local policy decision making. Using Michel Foucault's concepts of power and domination this research will explore if local governments and their citizens, through strategies of power, use one type of ICT, online forums, to change local representative democracy. In order to examine whether online forums can increase direct democracy for citizens, a quantitative data collection method was implemented in this study which produced a data set of 138 online forums. This article argues that online forums do not increase direct democracy, because citizens along with local governments use ICT to maintain the political status quo online?
Exploring the Counting of Ballot Papers Using “Delegated Transferable Vote”
Authors: Bishop Jonathan , Beech Mark
Published: December 2016

Delegated transferable voting (DTV) refers to an approach to counting votes in elections that extends non-preferential voting systems like First Past The Post (FPTP) to include a transferable element similar to Single Transferable Voting (STV) but instead of voters indicating who they wish their votes to go to on an individual level they entrust that decision in the candidate they vote for, who could be from a small political party that might otherwise be deemed a “wasted vote” under first-past-the-post systems where the candidate they least want could win by having the most votes but still have less than 50% of the popular vote. This chapter discusses how DTV might work in practice through an auto-ethnographic approach in which the authors play an active part in elections in order to test the approach. The elections contested in the UK included to local council level in the Pontypridd area and national elections to the UK Parliament and Welsh Assembly. The potential impact of DTV on these election and method of campaigning used at some of these elections might have had on the voting outcome are discussed.
Discover Patterns from Web-Based Dataset
Authors: Kumar Raghvendra , Pandey Priyanka , Pattnaik Prasant Kumar
Published: December 2016

The Web can be defined as a depot of varied range of information present in the form of millions of websites dispersed around us. Often users find it difficult to locate the appropriate information fulfilling their needs with the abundant number of websites in the Web. Hence multiple research work has been conducted in the field of Web Mining so as to present any information matching the user's needs. The application of data mining techniques on web usage, web content or web structure data to find out useful data like users' way in patterns and website utility statistics on a whole can be defined as Web mining. The main cause behind development of such websites was to personalize the substance of a website on user's preference. New methods are developed to deal with a Web site using a link hierarchy and a conceptual link hierarchy respectively on the basis of how users have used the Web site link structure.
Knowledge-Based Decision Support System for Analyzing the Relevancies of Various Attributes Based on Their Characteristics
Authors: Reddy C. Madana Kumar
Published: December 2016

Data mining extracts novel and useful knowledge from large repositories of data and has become an effective analysis and decision means in any organization. The resource of the World Wide Web is almost infinite. The growing importance of electronic media for storing and disseminating text documents has created an urgent need for tools and techniques that assist users in finding and extracting relevant and previously unknown information from massive collection of documents available in the web. Thus the development of techniques for mining unstructured, semi-structured, and fully structured textual data has become quite important in both academia and industry. Information management of well organized databases has been a focus of the Data mining research. When to specify too many attributes, system will slow down thus exclude irrelevant or weakly relevant attributes. The general idea behind attribute relevance analysis is to compute some measure that is used to quantify the relevance of an attribute with respect to a given class or concept.
Social Network Web Mining
Authors: Balusamy Balamurugan , Varma Vegesna Tarun Sai , Grandhi Sohil Sri Mani Yeshwanth
Published: December 2016

Today, social networks are major part of everyone's lives. They provide means to communicate with people across the globe with ease. As of July 2016, there are over 1.71 billion monthly active Facebook users. They generate significant amount of data, which if analysed well will provide us with valuable information. This can be done by analysing the log data collected at the respective social networking service. This chapter focuses on extraction and analysis of Facebook data since it is presently the most used social network. The result of analysis can be used in building decision support systems for an organization to help with the decision making process.
The Alchemy of Religion
Authors: Bilimoria Edi
Published: December 2016

This chapter provides some practical examples of legendary historical figures whose profound religious convictions have produced radical, but always beneficent changes in society in three main areas of human endeavour: social reform, science and music. Considerable stress is placed upon the fact that religion, properly understood and applied, has nothing to do with blind belief, wars or an opiate effect on society, its immense uplift of the human condition accruing from the thoughts, words and deeds of those great persons who have engaged with religion in its universal meaning, unshackled from rigid orthodoxy, sectarian attitudes and dogma..
Struggle for Inclusion
Authors: Shahriar Ambreen
Published: December 2016

The chapter explores the struggle for inclusion at home and society faced by four young people when they quit the religion they inherited from their parents. Using life-story interviews, it discusses reactions of their families about their decision to quit religion. Furthermore, the chapter sheds light on the ways these young individuals coped with the social problems that they faced after they made a difficult, socially unacceptable choice of switching from their inherited religion. The promotion of symbolic violence in the field and its use by the agents around the participants of this study is discussed through Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field. The chapter aims to understand and highlight the dilemma faced by the participants due to their decision of conversion in a society which is still not ready for this.
Forgiveness in the Face of Hate
Authors: Wedderburn Nadine V , Carey Robert E
Published: December 2016

The June 2015 killing of nine African-Americans by a white male shooter in Charleston, South Carolina re-ignited intense discussions around the relationship of race, justice, and faith in the U.S. Within two days of the massacre, members of the victims' families were shown openly offering forgiveness to the accused killer and praying God's mercy on his soul. This seemingly quick offer of clemency raises penetrating questions concerning the value and purpose of the act of forgiveness, arguably an act of pure grace. This chapter shows that forgiveness, as a complex Christian practice, casts an extraordinary light on structures of identity and the politics of privilege in the U.S. In doing so, forgiveness exposes the myth of a “post-racial America” and reveals the deeply-rooted and longstanding systems of racial oppression and discrimination in American society. Structured around key guiding questions, the chapter provides a way to think through the meaning of forgiveness towards developing an approach to dismantling structures of exclusion that are the hallmark of a racial world view.
Understanding Social Communication
Authors: Brown Sr. Michael A.
Published: December 2016

George Santayana said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” That statement is the reason social communication is covered here with a historical view. This review of computer mediated communications (CMC) is important in understanding some of the key developments that created the social media environment we know today. A discussion of the portable nature of these communications is relevant as the foundation for a deep understanding of social communication. This is an important analysis in helping people understand the way we can use information technology to interact without the limitations of geographical distance and time.
Framing and Mis-Framing in Micro-Blogging Sites in China
Authors: Wang Yuanxin
Published: December 2016

Micro-blogging is a popular, continuously developing form of communication that allows users to update their current life status in short posts around the clock with targeted websites and platforms. A significant blogosphere has developed in China where the prevailing micro-blogging websites comprise Internet coverage of issues not covered by mainstream media. This research will examine heavily shared and discussed blog posts on a popular micro-blogging website in China during an anti-animal cruelty campaign. The comments section of the blog posts will also be analyzed to identify discrepancies between the frames set by the bloggers and the perceptions by their audiences.
Preservation of Recorded Information in Public and Private Sector Organizations
Authors: Mnjama Nathan Mwakoshi
Published: December 2016

The long-term preservation and accessibility of business records is often not accorded the attention that it deserves. Yet, records are a major organizational resource needed to support the current business of the organization as well as retaining the verifiable evidence of an organization's past programmes and activities. Records also serve as tools of accountability, transparency and good governance and provide reliable evidence in organizations' transactions and activities. The long-term preservation of records ensures that the organization is protected against costly litigation and that its interests and those of its employees are protected. This chapter lays emphasis on the need to preserve organizational records, the challenges facing preservation activities in the public and private sector organizations, the challenges of managing and preserving electronic records and proposes strategies for addressing these challenges.