bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirekte und direkte Evidenz für das Dreisilbengesetz. Überlegungen zur ägyptischen Sprachgeschichte unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Namen Nofretete und Nefertari sowie einer ungewöhnlichen Schreibung des Toponyms Memphis
Authors: Gundacker Roman
Published: November 2021

“Indirect and Direct Evidence for the ‘Dreisilbengesetz’. Reflections on the History of the Ancient Egyptian Language with Particular Attention to the Names Nefertiti and Nefertari as well as a Peculiar Spelling of the Toponym Memphis” - The greater part of the Egyptian language’s history down to the Coptic era is marked by a strict syllable structure and stress law, which only allowed for word stress on the penultimate or last syllable of any given word (“Zweisilbengesetz”). However, masculine and feminine nouns, singular and plural forms, base nouns and nisbe adjectives arranged in pairs have traditionally served as key witnesses for the reconstruction of an earlier stage of the Egyptian language, which was characterised by the ability to form words with word stress on any of the three last syllables (“Dreisilbengesetz”). A set of peculiar compound nouns (“Ältere Komposita”), which, when revocalised, display word stress on the antepenultimate syllable, is often regarded as evidence in favour of the “Dreisilbengesetz”, but, to date, there is a want of definitive proof therefor. In this article, the morphology of the personal names nfr.t-jrj.t “Nefertari” and nfr.t-jjj.tj “Nefertiti” is analysed with the result that they comprised the adjective *nắfĭrăt, which here, under peculiar circumstances, evolved to *năft-, but else to *nắfră(t). A hitherto largely unrecognised attestation of the “Älteres Kompositum” mn-nfr “Memphis”, which looks as if it contained the noun mnw “monument”, is identified as a sportive writing in order to indicate an actual pronunciation *mĭ́năfă(r). Either of these discoveries strongly supports the existence of the “Dreisilbengesetz” during the Old Kingdom, but further discussion reveals that, though this fits the elite idiom of the Memphite region, some parts of Upper Egypt had already advanced towards the “Zweisilbengesetz”. With this to start, the syllable structure rules during the time of the “Dreisilbengesetz” and processes of vowel elision as well as further prerequisites for the transition to the “Zweisilbengesetz” are investigated.
First Record of Two Parasitic Helminths from Cobia Rachycentron canadum (L.) (Carangiformes, Rachycentridae) from Iraqi Marine Waters
Authors: Mizher Jawad A. , Ali Atheer H.
Published: November 2021

A total of 14 specimens of Cobia Rachycentron canadum (L.) were caught from Iraqi marine waters during the period from October 2019 till May 2020. Two parasitic helminths (One species each of nematode and acanthocephalan) were isolated from alimentary canal of the cobia. These are the adults of Iheringascaris inquies (Linton, 1901) Deardorff & Overstreet, 1980 and Serrasentis sagittifer Linton, 1889. The record of these worms, from this fish, is considered as the first record in Iraq. Adequate description of both I. inquies and adult S. sagittifer from cobia for the first time in the Arabian Gulf is given.
PRESUMABLE VARIANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS OF THE DNIEPER-DON FOREST-STEPPE IN THE SCYTHIAN AGE
Authors: Kriutchenko O. O.
Published: November 2021

The intensive constructing of fortified settlements has turned the Dnieper-Don forest-steppe into a huge building site since the second half of the 6th century BCE. Mass development of fortifications has begun. Despite the local features related with topography and the availability of building materials, it is possible to distinguish some common vectors.
The hillforts are traditionally perceived by researchers as static structures that have «frozen» in their original forms. Recent archaeological researches on the Tsyrkuny, Bilsk and Mokhnach hillforts in the Forest-Steppe, confirmed by the series of planographic observations on the other sites, allow us to classify some features of the development of fortified settlements.
On the one hand, hillforts are formed on the basis of the unfortified settlements. Another part was initially built as fortification. Simple forms of defensive structures and poorly saturated cultural layer are the characteristic features of the fortifications of so-called «shelter-fortresses». The review of the sources allowed us to say that these sites are hillforts which, for some unknown reasons, were not settled down, capturing the first stage of the existence of fortifications, and their specific cultural layer cannot be the evidence of their belonging to certain cultural and economic type.
The series of cross-sections of fortifications indicated the traces of restructuring and repairing of individual defensive lines throughout the entire period of their use. There are examples of expanding the area of the hillfort due to constructing of the new defensive structure as an extension of the main line or the creation of the fortification on the next cape that could be united by the common rampart. Also are known the examples of the special reduction of the area of hillfort. Similar situation is observed at the last stage of the Bilsk archaeological complex.
In the Late Scythian period, a new type of monuments appeared on the territory of the Dnieper-Don Forest-Steppe, fortifications consisting of the acropolis (central fortified part) and large household yard.
The current research allows to critically evaluate the popular models of classifications and the validity of their application for historical reconstructions.
THE NUTRITION OF THE SUBCARPATHIAN POPULATION IN THE 3rd—4th centuries
Authors: Vakulenko L. V.
Published: November 2021

The issue of the sources and nature of nutrition of ancient population is undoubtedly important to reproduce the general picture of its life. Archaeologists learn about this, analyzing the remains of foodstuffs or equipment, which have been found during the excavation of sites and may indicate the manufacture or usage of such products.
The Subcarpathian territory in the 3rd—4th centuries was inhabited by the tribes of the Carpathian Barrows Culture. The agricultural nature of the economy of this population was determined after the discovery and research of the settlements. Long time this archaeological culture was known only by its burial sites.
Naturally, the basis of nutrition of the ancient farmer population was the cereals. In particular, the complex of granaries with charred grain, discovered at the settlement near Pylypy village, indicates the wide range of cultivated cereals, among which the preference was given to the barley, millet, oats. Apparently, the Subcarpathian people in the 3rd—4th centuries used for nutrition mainly the products of retreatment of these cereals. It is interested that, according to ethnographic data, before the appearance of corn and potatoes just the barley, millet and oats were the basis of the daily food of the Carpathian Ukrainians. Even in nineteenth century traditional unleavened bread has been baked of oatmeal. The population was engaged in animal husbandry, kept the cows, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. The bones of these animals and birds were occurred in the materials of settlements and burials. The usage of dairy products is evidenced by the findings of jugs, mugs and clay «colanders» for making cottage cheese. The dishes cooked of lamb, pork, poultry as well the eggs were placed in the burial as funeral food. Population Subcarpathian Barrows Culture not use meat of horse as food. The presence of burnt horse bones in the barrows was of sacred significance. Horses in burials were escort animals to the afterlife.
Archaeological finds of hunting weapons and fishing tackle give reasons to believe that additional meals were the game and fish. Naturally, the ancient population also fed by mushrooms, berries, honey of wild bees, herbs.
BUSHEVE AND PISCHANA — HILL-FORTS OF POROSSYA DEFENSIVE LINE. TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND STRATIGRAPHIC RESEARCHES
Authors: Manigda O. V. , Borysov A. V. , Belenko M. M. , Pichkur Ye. V.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of topographic survey, analysis of topography, current state of sites and gives an example of stratigraphic reconstruction of fortifications based on ground drilling. The main steps of the methodology of topographic survey and stratigraphic researches are highlighted.
The closest hillforts to the Sukholisy one were documented by specialists of the Architectural and Archaeological Expedition of Institute of Archaeology during the campagne of 2020. The purpose of these works was to document the current state of sites and to prepare information for the conservation documentary.
Busheve hillfort is similar to the Sukholisy one by its construction type and belongs to the early hillforts in the defensive line of Ros River area (Porossia). The study of this site is important for understanding the initial stage of the Old Rus settlement structure of Central Porossia region.
Due to the stratigraphic research the cross-section of Busheve and Pishchana hillforts was reconstructed. Analyzing the information obtained from the ground drilling it is possible to make some conclusions for Busheve hillfort: 1) the defensive constructions of this hillfort were built in the river floodplain around a large dune; 2) the moat is traced only on one side; 3) drills 16—18 probably indicates the presence of archaeological layers appeared before the hillfort constructions.
Conclusions by the results of drilling for Pishchana hillfort are the following: 1) the moat was made by deepening of the natural ravine; 2) the defensive wall has the traces of repair; 3) drill 11 found that on the edge of the hillfort the fortifications of World War II period were bult.
The number of large-scale plans of Busheve and Pishchana hillforts were made with all the necessary descriptions and measurements with designation the constructions of the hillforts; stratigraphic researches; current state of hillforts; areas damaged by human activities. They are made for the preparation of conservation documentary.
DATING AND CULTURAL IDENTITY OF THE MILTY BARROW CEMETERY (MIADZIEL DISTRICT MINSK REGION)
Authors: Plavinski M. A.
Published: November 2021

The barrow cemetery Milty consists of two groups — Milty I and II. The research of the cemetery was carried out in 1992—1993 by archaeological expedition of the historical faculty of the Belarusian State University under the head of V. N. Rabcevič and A. M. Plavinski. In 1992, 5 barrows in group Milty I were investigated, in 1993 — 2 barrows in group Milty II.
An analysis of the grave goods and rituals of the investigated burials suggests that the barrows in groups I and II of Milty cemetery can be dated to the second half of the 10th — first half of the 11th century, or somewhat more broadly, from the 10th to the first half of the 11th century. They belong to the final stage of the existence of the culture of the Smolensk-Polatsk Long Barrows culture on the western border of its area. At this time, glass beads, jewelry and household items of Old Rusian types appeared in noticeable quantities in the burials of the western regions of the settlement of the population of the Smolensk-Polatsk Long Barrows culture.
In barrow 10 of group I, an inhumation burial was found. Such a burial in the necropolis of the Smolensk-Polatsk Long Barrows culture could have been performed not earlier than the end of the 10th — early 11th centuries and, obviously, may be associated with the beginning of the spread of the Christian burial tradition in the Belarusian Dzvina and adjacent territories. Accordingly, chronologically, it is one of the latest in the necropolis. Individual inhumations in the cemeteries of the culture of the Smolensk-Polatsk Long Barrows culture were repeatedly revealed in the western microregions of the distribution of monuments of this ethnocultural community and mark the final stage of the functioning of its necropolises.
THE JEWELRY MOLD FROM KHODOSIVKA SETTLEMENT OF THE VOLYNTSEVO CULTURE
Authors: Komar O. V.
Published: November 2021

Casting molds for making small ornaments of lead or tin alloys were found in different parts of the East Europe in the areas of various archaeological cultures. This simple technology and simple shapes of products were in use by many peoples since 3rd till 10th century and perhaps even earlier. Lead castings and stone molds for their manufacture attracted the attention of researchers of Early Slavic archaeology since discovery of the Velyki Budky hoard (1981) and Bernashivka workshop (1990).

The obvious problem was the chronological and geographic lacuna between the Slavic Bernashivka type ornaments (6th—7th centuries) and ornaments of the Kamno-Rхuge type (8th—10th centuries) from the Eastern Baltic region. Several versions explaining the similarity of finds from the northern and southern areas have been proposed: common substrate, population migrations, imitation of some fashion etc. In recent years two molds for some ornaments of the Kamno-Rхuge type have been discovered at the Romny culture hillforts (Sverdlovske 1, Vorkhol II), which demonstrated the lasting of the tradition in the south until the 10th century.

A problem of the upper limit for existence of the Bernashivka type ornaments can be clarified using the mold find from Khodosivka settlement. The mold was discovered by expedition of E. O. Petrovska in 1976 during a survey along the left edge of the Gley ravine (Kozakiv ravine) near the Khodosivka hillfort. It was found in remaining part of a pit dwelling in context with fragments of hand-made and wheel-made pots of the Volyntsevo culture. The object dates back to the second half of the 8th century — early 9th cen-tury.

Negatives of ornaments are carved on both sides of the mold. A diamond-shaped patch carved on the main side. On the reverse side the negatives of round plaques are carved and probably loops for attaching the same plaques. There is also circular decoration presents, probably, of a circular pendant. The closest analogies to such decorations were found in the Bernashivka workshop, and also at the molds from the Lower Danube region. Products from the Khodosivka mold look quite archaic and simple in comparing to gold and silver jewelry from hoards of the Volyntsevo culture. Such production was undoubtedly the part of nonprofessional home craft.
TO THE ORIGIN OF THE GRIVNA
Authors: Kozubovskyi G. A.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the Old Slavonic grivna. The word is present in all Slavonic languages and associates with decoration, weight and monetary unit. Many researchers link word a grivna as derived from animal mane. Study of the Persian, Caucasian and some other East writings and archeological sources of the 1st millennium BC to the 1st millennium AD (T. Nцldeke, H. Hьbscmann, J. Harmatta, A. Manandyan, W. Hinz, A. Bivar, H. Martirosyan and other) has allowed to select many variant off this word, how corn measure and land measure. This measure is fixed in Old Persian, Middle Persian, Armenian, Georgian, Parthian, Arabic and other languages (grb, grbn, grϊβa, griv, grїw, garib, jarib and other). Grb (graβi, basket) is present in Aramaic-Egyptian document and is dated near 310 BC. How corn measure, the word was wide-spread in the Achemenid and Sasanian Empire. Attested as Armenian corn measure in the Anania Sirakaci, 7th century (9.782 kg, 1.5 modius, a unit of measurement), links with garw-o-y, barley. However, in Greek version inscription of Љāpur I (240—271), the word can be correspond to 9.32 litres (A. Bivar). Griv as corn measure is fixed on Caucasus in the end of the 1st millennium — beginning of 2st millennium AD. Special attention is spared to geographical terminology, in East Europe word griva are spread for mountain territory and area of land. Obviously, griv-modius how a corn measure preceded to grivna-decoration, to grivna-weight and to grivna-monetary unit in the Slavonic territories. The Eastern Europe in the end of 1st millennium BC and the 1st millennium AD was a territory of agrarian economy, and corn measure defined all others: capacity, length and square, weight measures and monetary units.
GRAVES OF THE SCYTHIAN AMAZONS: TYPOLOGY AND DESIGN FEATURES
Authors: Fialko O. Ye.
Published: November 2021

Types of burial structures are one of the most reliable ethno-differentiating criterion. They are commonly due to local natural and economic factors that were accepted by the newcomer population along with main characteristics of their own ritual.
As for the shape, the graves of Scythian warriors are arbitrarily divided into 11 types with options, which in general make up three main groups: simple pits and more intricate variable chamber constructions such as undercut and catacombs.
303 graves of women with weapons from 267 barrows are known in the territory of European Scythia. More than half of them (55 %) have not been looted. By territorial principle they can be divided into five main groups: 1) Lower Dnipro steppe (or Steppe); 2) Crimea Foothills; 3) Danube-Dnister steppes (or Transnistria); 4) Forest Steppe Dnipro area (or Forest Steppe); 5) Don region (Steppe and partly Forest Steppe).
In total, among graves of the Amazons of European Scythia the undercut (alcove) graves are the most represented — 104, inferior to them are catacombs — 99 and pit graves — 80, undefined — 20. However, the indicators for some groups differ significantly.
We can mention the following design features of the graves: ground steps and hollow in the bottom of entrance pit, separation of entrance to dromos or chamber etc.
Some specific features are also present in the arrangement of internal space of the graves (nishes, wall and ceiling design, floor decoration, arrangement of a funeral bed etc.).
So, burial complexes of the female warriors correspond to Scythian regulations, that is, the design of ground and underground elements does not stand out in the burial ground. Here, we are dealing only with regional features typical for community members who lived there.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXITH CENTURY: «REDISCOVERY» OF THE CULTURAL COMPLEX PRECUCUTENI-CUCUTENI-TRYPILLIA
Authors: Videiko M. Yu.
Published: November 2021

Heading for a long time the department of archeology of the Eneolithic-Bronze Age, Vitalii Otroshchenko joined the issues related to the study of Trypillia culture. He has repeatedly participated in specialized scientific conferences, at which he repeatedly touched upon the study of Trypillia culture, criticizing myth-making and myth-makers who speculate on the basis of archaeology in general and Trypillia culture in particular. During this time, the staff of the department conducted a significant amount of archaeological research, published a large number of articles and monographs on the study of Trypillia culture.
Application in the first decades of the XXI century, modern geophysical equipment and satellite imagery have led to another «rediscovery» of the world of ancient farmers with previously unknown to archaeologists details. New types of buildings, public buildings, traces of handicrafts, fortifications, planning and structure of settlements, histories of their construction — this is an approximate list of discoveries that not only changed the perception of ancient farmers, but also open new, exciting research horizons for decades to come. This review is devoted to the results of almost a decade of geophysical mapping of Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine and consideration of their consequences.
Archaeologists have not only expanded and refined their understanding of settlement planning, the number of buildings, and their size. A number of objects have been discovered that were previously little known or unknown to researchers. These are large public buildings and pottery kilns of previously unknown design. Also new was the fact that there were fortifications around large settlements, as well as the spread of fortifications in most small settlements.
Due to the wide geography of research, which covered the territories of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine (including regions where magnetic imaging had not been conducted before), as well as a significant chronological range of monuments on which work was carried out, it became possible to compare settlement structures as in time and space. More accurate information on the number of buildings in the settlements made it possible to increase the probability of the results of paleodemographic and paleoeconomic calculations, in particular, to offer a new vision of the probable population of Trypillia protocities.
Due to the opening of fortifications, a large number of large public buildings and craft complexes, new grounds for conclusions about the early processes of urbanization based on the settlements of the cultural complex Cucuteni-Trypillia, as part of the world of farmers of ancient Europe in V—IV millennium BC.
“O primeiro ‘repórter’ feminino do Rio de Janeiro”: Virgínia Quaresma no Brasil
Authors: Da Cruz Eduardo , Castro Andreia
Published: November 2021

A trajetória pessoal, intelectual e profissional da escritora e jornalista portuguesa Virgínia Sofia Guerra Quaresma tem sido tema de trabalhos acadêmicos, reportagens e blogs. Seu brilhantismo e pioneirismo garantiram posição de destaque, ainda mais se consideramos o triunfo de uma mulher que não se encaixava nos padrões normativos em um cenário dominado por homens. Contudo há vários pontos cegos ou apontamentos nebulosos, sobretudo nos momentos em que Virginia Quaresma atuou nas trocas de informação e de formação de opinião no contexto luso-brasileiro de boa parte do século XX. Somente a pesquisa em periódicos, documentos históricos e registros íntimos podem ajudar a desvendar a rede de sociabilidades que Virgínia teceu entre os dois lados do Atlântico. Este artigo destaca, nos momentos de suas estadias no Brasil, aspectos profissionais, feministas e políticos.
Implementasi Kerangka Kerja Zachman dalam Perancangan Arsitektur Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Informasi Perusahaan
Authors: Wijaya Muksin
Published: November 2021

Membangun arsitektur sistem informasi perusahaan adalah salah satu hal penting dari sekian perencanaan strategis perusahaan yang perlu dipertimbangkan oleh perusahaan, terutama implementasi pada perusahaan yang siap berkembang. Pada perusahaan yang siap berkembang, penyederhanaan proses bisnis penting dilakukan agar dapat diselaraskan dengan keadaan dan kondisi perusahaan, dan untuk itu perlu suatu kerangka kerja yang dapat diterapkan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Kerangka kerja perusahaan yang dimaksud adalah sebagai kerangka kerja yang memberikan arahan berbagai aturan dan standar serta tatanan tertentu dalam membantu perusahaan dalam menemukan hal-hal yang sesuai dan pas untuk diimplementasikan sebagai bagian dari strategi pengembangan perusahaan.

Dari sekian model kerangka kerja yang ada, diantaranya terdapat model kerangka kerja Zachman (Zachman Framework) yang dapat menjadi alternatif untuk dipakai dalam upaya perusahaan untuk menyusun strategi bisnisnya, kerangka kerja ini terdiri atas langkahlangkah yang sistematis, mudah dipahami dan dapat pula dijadikan sebagai kendali bagi perusahaan dalam mengembangkan lebih lanjut strategi bisnisnya.
Synthetic strategies toward 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues
Authors: Aher Umesh P , Srivastava Dhananjai , Singh Girij P , S Jayashree B
Published: November 2021

Sugar-modified nucleosides have gained considerable attention in the scientific community, either for use as molecular probes or as therapeutic agents. When the methylene group of the ribose ring is replaced with a sulfur atom at the 3’-position, these compounds have proved to be structurally potent nucleoside analogues, and the best example is BCH-189. The majority of methods traditionally involves the chemical modification of nucleoside structures. It requires the creation of artificial sugars, which is accompanied by coupling nucleobases via N-glycosylation. However, over the last three decades, efforts were made for the synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides by selective N-glycosylation of carbohydrate precursors at C-1, and this approach has emerged as a strong alternative that allows simple modification. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the reported methods in the literature to access 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides. The first focus of this review is the construction of the 1,3-oxathiolane ring from different starting materials. The second focus involves the coupling of the 1,3-oxathiolane ring with different nucleobases in a way that only one isomer is produced in a stereoselective manner via N-glycosylation. An emphasis has been placed on the C–N-glycosidic bond constructed during the formation of the nucleoside analogue. The third focus is on the separation of enantiomers of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides via resolution methods. The chemical as well as enzymatic procedures are reviewed and segregated in this review for effective synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues.
Methodical support of domestic art and educational space: experience of training doctors of art
Authors: Bezghin Oleksii , Uspenska Olha
Published: November 2021

Changes in the domestic educational legislation regarding art education and the introduction of a special form of training of highly qualified performers, which is analogous to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of art, have determined the relevance of the topic and its practical significance. The article identifies the tasks facing the candidate for the degree of "Doctor of Arts", analyzes the ways to implement these tasks on the examples of training programs for doctors of art in universities in the United States and Europe. New methodological bases for training of scientific and pedagogical workers for creative specialties of art sphere are considered, the construction of a program for the doctoral studies of art in the specialty "Performing arts" in the Ukrainian higher education art establishments is offered, as an option.
It is emphasized that the introduction of this form of training of highly qualified teachers will allow higher education arts institutions to preserve and develop creative potential, stimulate talented artists to grow as teachers, pass their experience to future generations.
This innovation contributes to the convergence of European and Ukrainian educational standards, improves the quality of training of artists, has a positive dynamics of development but requires quality content of curricula, solving methodological tasks and constant monitoring of content with the possibility of correction and improvement.
Traditions and current state of the "police" series: the Italian experience
Authors: Kokhan Tymofii
Published: November 2021

The article reconstructs the Italian experience of creating "police" series, which from the 80s of the XX and the first two decades of the XXI century coexisted in the cinema of this country in parallel with feature films of the "criminal" genre, which were sometimes assessed as not only national but also European culture in general. The article focuses on the professionalism of the vast majority of "police" series and films made in Italy over the past forty years, and emphasizes that some series openly competed with films, especially in terms of skill and popularity of directors and actors involved in their creation.
It is emphasized that the genre of "police" series is constantly represented in current film production, so a comparative analysis of traditions and modern experience in the production of films of this genre and understanding of their aesthetic and artistic orientation seems quite relevant. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the protagonist of the series, which for a long time - from series to series - carries an important emotional and psychological burden. Based on empirical material, the article reflects both the process of formation of the "police" series, and the gradual "building" of artistic means of expression in its implementation.
Penggunaan Molagen untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Kadar Kurkumin Tanaman Kunyit (Curcuma domestica val)
Authors: Bata Agustinus Maru , Hamzah Amir
Published: November 2021

Perbaikan produktivitas tanah untuk meningkatkan produksi kunyit dan kadar kurkumin dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara. Salah satunya adalah penggunaan sabut kelapa dan pupuk nitrogen. Penggunaan sabut kelapa dalam bentuk cair diyakini mampu meningkatkan kadar kalium dalam tanah. Begitu juga ketersediaan nitrogen yang cukup akan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sehingga kadar kurkumin akan meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis Molagen yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kunyit, serta kadar kurkumin. Kadar kurkumin dianalisis dengan spektrometer. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelurahan Tlogomas kota Malang pada ketinggian ± 450 m dpl. Penelitian ini  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama dosis Molagen  (M) : M0 = Kontrol (tanpa Molagen), M1 = Molagen 100 ml/tanaman, M2 = Molagen 200 ml/tanaman, M3 = Molagen 300 ml/tanaman, M4 = Molagen 500 ml/tanaman. Faktor kedua, dosis pupuk Urea (U) : U1 = Dosis Urea 100 kg/ha, U2 = Dosis Urea 200 kg/ha, U3 = Dosis Urea 300 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan Molagen dan berbagai dosis urea mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, luas daun, berat brangkasan dan bobot rimpang. Kadar kurkumin yang diperoleh rata-rata antara 2,2 – 2,7%.
Evaluasi Metode Seleksi Populasi F3 Tanaman Kedelai Berdasarkan Heritabilitas dan Kemajuan Seleksi
Authors: Meriaty Meriaty , Sihaloho Arvita Netti , Purba Tioner , Simarmata Marulam
Published: November 2021

Dalam upaya mendapatkan varietas unggul dibutuhkan metode seleksi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode seleksi yang sesuai pada populasi F3. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Oktober sampai Desember 2020 di desa Raya Usang Kecamatan Dolok Masagal, kabupaten Simalungun. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Augmented. Setiap individu tanaman ditanam dalam baris sesuai metode seleksi (single seed descent, bulk dan pedigree). Tetua ditanam sebanyak tiga ulangan. Jarak tanam yang digunakan 20 x 30 cm. Karakter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, bobot biji pertanaman dan bobot 100 biji. Data yang diamati untuk setiap individu tanaman dilakukan untuk mencari ragam genetik, kemajuan genetik harapan (KGH) dan nilai duga heritabilitas arti luas (h2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode seleksi single seed descent (SSD) menghasilkan nilai heritabilitas tinggi untuk karakter jumlah cabang dan bobot 100 biji sedangkan metode seleksi pedigree dan bulk menghasilkan nilai heritabilitas tinggi untuk karakter jumlah polong pertanaman dan bobot 100 biji. Metode seleksi SSD dan pedigree menghasilkan nilai kemajuan genetik harapan tinggi hanya untuk karakter jumlah polong pertanaman, sedangkan metode seleksi bulk menghasilkan  nilai kemajuan genetik harapan tinggi untuk karakter jumlah cabang dan jumlah polong pertanaman. Metode seleksi bulk merupakan metode seleksi terbaik pada generasi awal (F3).
Identifikasi Kerusakan Pohon pada Hutan Tanaman Rakyat PIL, Kabupaten Bangka, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
Authors: Arwanda Elmo Rialdy , Safe'i Rahmat , Kaskoyo Hari , Herwanti Susni
Published: November 2021

Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR) merupakan hutan tanaman pada hutan produksi yang dibangun oleh kelompok masyarakat untuk meningkatkan potensi dan kualitas hutan produksi dengan menerapkan silvikultur dalam rangka menjamin kelestarian sumber daya hutan. Salah satu penyebab menurunnya kesehatan HTR adalah rusaknya pohon.  Kerusakan pohon yang diabaikan akan menjadi ancaman serius dan mengakibatkan kematian pada pohon tersebut. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi kerusakan pada pohon di area HTR Panca Indah Lestari menggunakan parameter kerusakan pohon. Adapun tahapan-tahapan dari penelitian ini, antara lain: penetapan jumlah klaster plot, pembuatan klaster plot, pengukuran kerusakan pohon di lokasi penelitian, dan identifikasi kerusakan yang telah diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 217 individu dari 9 jenis pohon dengan intensitas 91% pohon yang terdapat kerusakan dan intensitas 9% pohon yang tidak terdapat kerusakan. Identifikasi kerusakan yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam lokasi kerusakan pohon yang terjadi dengan lokasi kerusakan terbanyak terjadi pada batang bagian bawah sebesar 54% (216 lokasi), dan terdapat delapan tipe kerusakan yang berlangsung dengan tipe kerusakan terbanyak ialah luka terbuka sebesar 45% (201 kerusakan), dan tingkatan keparahan sangat banyak berlangsung pada 10% sebesar 71%. Dengan demikian, hasil identifikasi kerusakan pohon menunjukkan perlu dilakukannya teknik pemeliharaan yang tepat pada tegakan hutan tanaman rakyat. Pemeliharaan ini dapat mengurangi kerusakan pohon yang terjadi sehingga kesehatan hutan tetap terjaga dan berkelanjutan.
Early Detection of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Machine Learning Methods
Authors: YILMAZ Rüstem , YAĞIN Fatma Hilal
Published: November 2021

Aim: Heart disease detection using machine learning methods has been an outstanding research topic as heart diseases continue to be a burden on healthcare systems around the world. Therefore, in this study, the performances of machine learning methods for predictive classification of coronary heart disease were compared.Material and Method: In the study, three different models were created with Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms for the classification of coronary heart disease. For hyper parameter optimization, 3-repeats 10-fold repeated cross validation method was used. The performance of the models was evaluated based on Accuracy, F1 Score, Specificity, Sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, and Confusion Matrix (Classification matrix).Results: RF 0.929, SVM 0.897 and LR 0.861 classified coronary heart disease with accuracy. Specificity, Sensitivity, F1-score, Negative predictive and Positive predictive values of the RF model were calculated as 0.929, 0.928, 0.928, 0.929 and 0.928, respectively. The Sensitivity value of the SVM model was higher compared to the RF. Conclusion: Considering the accurate classification rates of Coronary Heart disease, the RF model outperformed the SVM and LR models. Also, the RF model had the highest sensitivity value. We think that this result, which has a high sensitivity criterion in order to minimize overlooked heart patients, is clinically very important.
Breastfeeding based on Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Social Support in Wonokromo Surabaya
Authors: Nisa Fauziyatun , Damayanti Nyoman , Suhariadi Fendy , Anggasari Yasi , Dewi Ficky Erika , Arini Diyah , Rahman Firman Suryadi
Published: November 2021

A mother, who has low self-confidence in her ability to provide exclusive breastfeeding, supported by culture and myth, think when a baby cries it means that the baby is hungry and breast milk only is not enough. Therefore, a lot of mothers decided to give banana, porridge, honey, and other additional foods. This research aimed to determine the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and social support with breastfeeding in Wonokromo, Surabaya.
This research was conducted through analytical design using cross-sectional approach. The research samples involved were 112 mothers who had baby aged 6-12 months old. Among them, 106 mothers were chosen as research respondents using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable of this research was breastfeeding self-efficacy and social support, while the dependent variable was breastfeeding. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and then analyzed through Chi-Square test using SPSS program with the level of significance determined was α = 0.05.
The results showed that most of the respondents had poor breastfeeding self-efficacy  (77.4%) and low social support (51.9%), as well as did not exclusively breastfeed (66.9%). Based on the Chi-square test, the value obtained was ρ - 0.00 < α - 0.05, so H0 rejected, indicating that there was a relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding. Another value obtained was ρ - 0.00 < α - 0.05 so H0 rejected, which also means that there was a relationship between social support and breastfeeding.
This outcome concluded that the better the breastfeeding self-efficacy and higher social support, the higher level of breastfeeding without additional food. Therefore, we suggested that health workers and the community will be able to motivate mothers and provide social support in terms of providing breast milk to babies without additional food.
Plasma Levels of Interleukin-6 and the Cluster of Differentiation 4/Cluster of Differentiation 8 Ratio in Frailty among Community-dwelling Older People
Authors: Sunarti Sri , Indriyaningrum Nurria , Wahono Caesarius , Soeatmadji Djoko , Rudijanto Achmad , Ratnawati Retty , Soeharto Karyono Setyawati , Maryunani Maryunani
Published: November 2021

Background: Frailty has become a major health problem among Indonesian elders. Immunosenescence specifically inflammaging are essential components in the development of frailty. Early screening and timely tailored intervention may effectively prevent or delay the adverse outcomes in elders. This study measured the CD4/CD8 ratio from the immunosenescence pathway and plasma IL-6 levels as inflammatory markers from the inflammaging pathway and observed the correlations between robust and frail elders groups Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey. Using multistage random sampling, we enrolled 64 participants across Malang city, divided into frail and robust groups. We analyzed the plasma IL-6 levels and CD4/CD8 ratio using an independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Significant differences between frail and robust elders were found in age and education level, with the frail participants being older than the robust (p=0.001) and lower educational level (p<0.001). However, plasma IL-6 levels (p=0.936) and the CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.468) were not statistically different between the groups. Conclusion: Plasma level of IL-6 was found to increase similarly in both groups, while CD4/CD8 ratio was normal and not statistically different between the robust and frail group in elders.
A checklist of Mantodea of Belize, with a regional key to species
Authors: Garikipati Lohitashwa , Bond Jason E.
Published: November 2021

The list of known Mantodea in Belize is updated, with notes of 12 new country records, bringing the total known species of Mantodea in Belize to 21. Further information on habitat and microhabitat observations are included. A regional dichotomous key and Lucid interactive key are provided to known species in Belize. A list of other possibly endemic species is provided. Remarks on the merit of further sampling efforts in central America are made, based on recent studies. Our findings suggest that our understanding of Central American Mantodean diversity could be vastly improved by further documentation.
Addiction à internet et hikikomori : quels repères cliniques face à l’expansion des conduites de retrait social ?
Authors: Dumoulin Quentin
Published: November 2021

Les étiquettes diagnostiques indexant des conduites de retrait social se sont multipliées au tournant du xxi e  siècle. Cependant, ces diagnostics renvoient à des ensembles symptomatologiques divers et des logiques individuelles et sociales parfois contradictoires. La clinique connaît des sujets insérés qui peuvent se sentir isolés, ou des sujets effectivement isolés, mais qui parfois restent sans plainte quant à cet isolement (syndrome hikikomori , « addictions à internet »). Nous revenons d’abord sur l’écart structural entre solitude et isolement. Puis nous discutons cette proposition de repérages à l’appui d’une méthodologie clinique. À partir d’une série de vignettes de sujets adolescents (trois garçons et une fille) rencontrés dans des dispositifs de soins psychiques, nous montrons certains usages (auto-)thérapeutiques du retrait social et des dispositifs numériques dans ce contexte.
Réponses aux violences de genre en Nouvelle-Calédonie : familialisme et inaction politique
Authors: Salomon Christine
Published: November 2021

L’article s’intéresse à la façon dont, dans une ancienne colonie de peuplement en voie de décolonisation, la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la question sociale des violences faites aux femmes au sein des couples et des familles, qui touche davantage les Kanakes que les autres Calédoniennes, a été constituée en problème public. Après avoir rappelé l’ampleur de ces violences et examiné les caractéristiques des féminicides, qui révèlent des normes de genre très inégalitaires, le texte montre comment les formes de l’action publique diffèrent selon que celle-ci est initiée dans une perspective féministe ou familialiste. L’analyse du spectre des réponses politiques met en lumière le poids d’un familialisme rétrograde en lien avec l’héritage missionnaire et sa longue histoire d’hostilité au divorce.
La transition écologique est-elle soluble dans la démocratie citoyenne ?
Authors: Guibert Géraud
Published: November 2021

Grand Débat national, Convention citoyenne pour le climat : ces dernières années, les dirigeants français ont semblé engager une dynamique d’ouverture vers les citoyens en amont de la prise de décision politique. Ceci répond notamment aux différents mouvements de contestation qui ont agité le pays — « gilets jaunes », marches pour le climat… Malheureusement, les décisions politiques qui ont suivi ou découlé de ces consultations citoyennes n’ont pas été au rendez-vous des attentes suscitées, à l’instar de la loi Climat et résilience d’août 2021. Certes, la pandémie de Covid est passée par là, mais à l’heure de réfléchir à ce que pourrait être la société post-Covid, en lien avec la nécessaire transition écologique, la question de la concertation entre citoyens et décideurs politiques se pose plus que jamais. Toutefois, dans le contexte de défiance actuel, comment envisager une démocratie citoyenne efficace ? Géraud Guibert s’interroge, dans cette tribune, sur les chances réelles qu’une telle démocratie citoyenne puisse aboutir, et surtout, qu’elle puisse accompagner positivement la transition écologique. Il importe, selon lui, de « faire preuve de lucidité » : il manque encore à la France une méthode pour rendre acceptable et opérationnelle une stratégie climat ambitieuse. Pour avancer en ce sens, un certain nombre de clarifications lui paraissent nécessaires : s’agissant de l’« écologie punitive » (elle est indispensable, mais il faut cibler et expliquer) ; concernant le rôle de la science (en matière tant de diagnostic que de solutions éventuelles) ; et enfin quant à la transformation du système économique (pour tenir compte des limites du capitalisme et développer une logique de gestion / protection / partage des biens communs). Ces clarifications faites, il faudra s’atteler à une véritable coconstruction citoyenne des politiques et mesures à mettre en place pour faire progresser la transition écologique, et c’est la formule des conventions citoyennes qui, selon Géraud Guibert, paraît la mieux adaptée pour y parvenir.  S.D.
Carpometacarpal Arthrodesis for Traumatic Carpal Boss Among Combative Athletes
Authors: Polatsch Daniel B. , Zbeda Robert M. , Beldner Steven , Melone Charles P.
Published: November 2021

Among professional combat athletes, excessive and repetitive trauma to the carpometacarpal (CMC) joints may cause instability, arthritis, and the development of traumatic carpal boss. If nonoperative management is unsuccessful, CMC joint arthrodesis with iliac crest bone graft and supplemental Kirschner wire fixation is a reliable surgical option that results in pain-free return to full competition. From 2002 to 2015, 15 professional athletes with 17 symptomatic carpal bosses were treated with CMC joint arthrodesis after unsuccessful nonoperative management. The operative technique included decortication of the articular surface of the CMC joints, insertion of iliac cancellous and corticocancellous slot grafts, and secure Kirschner wire fixation. Patient charts and postoperative imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome measures included grip strength, pain relief, fusion rate, return to competition, and complications. Mean age at the time of surgery was 28.2 years (range, 21–39 years). The radiographic fusion rate was 100% and occurred at a mean of 7.5 weeks. Mean return to competition occurred at 6 months. Grip strength at final follow-up increased 32% from preoperative level and was 90% of the grip strength of the contralateral hand. Postoperatively, 2 patients had sagittal band ruptures, and 1 patient had a fifth metacarpal fracture. No revision procedures were performed. All patients undergoing CMC arthrodesis had successful fusion, without the need for revision surgery and with return to full competition. For professional fighters, CMC arthrodesis with iliac crest autograft is a safe and effective surgical method for treating symptomatic traumatic carpal boss. [
Orthopedics
. 2022;45(1):e17–e22.]
Analysis of Medical Malpractice Outcomes for Sports Orthopedic Procedures
Authors: Gatto Jonathan D. , Park Howard Y. , Hwang Richard , Aderibigbe Temi , McClintick Daniel J. , Shahinyan Robert H. , Sekimura Troy K. , Subhash Ajith , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Petrigliano Frank A.
Published: November 2021

Orthopedic sports medicine surgeons are especially vulnerable to litigation, largely because of high patient expectations in the setting of complex surgeries. Understanding the factors associated with litigation may reduce physician risk as well as optimize patient satisfaction and outcomes. We used a national medicolegal database to search for medical malpractice verdicts and out-of-court settlements involving common sports injuries and their surgical management between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2018. Univariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of case outcome and monetary awards. We identified 777 cases, but only 328 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 328 cases included in our study, 231 (70.4%) resulted in a defendant verdict, 75 (22.9%) resulted in a plaintiff verdict, and 22 (6.7%) resulted in a settlement. The most common reason for litigation was intraoperative error (183 cases, 55.8%). No statistically significant difference was found between monetary awards for plaintiff verdicts vs settlements (mean award of $1.29 million and $0.72 million, respectively,
P
=.07). Cases in which the plaintiff claimed neurovascular injury were significantly more likely to result in a higher monetary award (mean award of $2.37 million,
P
=.02). Cases involving an incorrect surgical site were significantly less likely to result in a defendant outcome, with 7 of 12 cases (58.3%) leading to a plaintiff outcome (
P
=.047). With more than two-thirds of cases resulting in a defendant verdict, many suits result in a favorable outcome for practitioners. Intraoperative error is the most common reason for litigation, and neurovascular injury resulted in the highest monetary payouts. Vigilance to avoid these events may improve patient outcomes and decrease liability to practitioners. [
Orthopedics
. 2022;45(1):e47–e52.]