bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Acute Kidney Injury in Full-Term Infants with Severe Perinatal Pathology
Authors: Babintseva А.
Published: August 2016

The objective of the work was to determine diagnostic and predictive value of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in case of acute kidney injury in full-term infants with signs of severe perinatal pathology. A comprehensive clinical and paraclinical examination has been carried out in 95 newborns, of whom 65 infants had disorders of the functional renal state, and 30 children were diagnosed with acute kidney injury. A high sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (91.4 %) of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin has been found in urine during diagnostics of acute kidney injury in critically ill full-term newborns. High diagnostic value of this index is proved by diagnostic accuracy (94.7 %) and high AUROC index (0.97); high predictive value — by high parameters of a positive predictive value (88.0 %) and negative predictive value (100.0 %). A threshold level of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was detected to be higher than 589 mcg/g of creatinine that is indicative of the formation of acute kidney injury in full-term newborns with severe perinatal pathology. Considering a high predictive and diagnostic value, the authors recommend to apply this method of identification of acute kidney injury in the practical work of neonatal intensive care units.
National Guidelines «Acute Kidney Injury: Basic Principles of the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment (2015)» Part I
Authors: Smirnov  A.V. , Dobronravov  V.A.
Published: August 2016

The main problems of acute kidney injury (AKI) are considered. The necessity of introduction of the AKI concept into the practice of national health care is justified. Specific recommendations for the diagnosis, monitoring, prevention and treatment of this dangerous condition are given.
Repeated nationwide point-prevalence surveys of antimicrobial use in Swedish hospitals: data for actions 2003–2010
Authors: Skoog Gunilla , Struwe Johan , Cars Otto , Hanberger Håkan , Odenholt Inga , Prag Mårten , Skärlund Katarina , Ulleryd Peter , Erntell Mats
Published: August 2016

This study sought to analyse antimicrobial pressure, indications for treatment, and compliance with treatment recommendations and to identify possible problem areas where inappropriate use could be improved through interventions by the network of the local Swedish Strategic Programme Against Antibiotic Resistance (Strama) groups. Five point-prevalence surveys were performed in between 49 and 72 participating hospitals from 2003 to 2010. Treatments were recorded for 19 predefined diagnosis groups and whether they were for community-acquired infection, hospital-acquired infection, or prophylaxis. Approximately one-third of inpatients were treated with antimicrobials. Compliance with guidelines for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with narrow-spectrum penicillin was 17.0% during baseline 2003–2004, and significantly improved to 24.2% in 2010. Corresponding figures for quinolone use in uncomplicated cystitis in women were 28.5% in 2003–2004, and significantly improved, decreasing to 15.3% in 2010. The length of surgical prophylaxis improved significantly when data for a single dose and 1 day were combined, from 56.3% in 2003–2004 to 66.6% in 2010. Improved compliance was possibly the effect of active local feedback, repeated surveys, and increasing awareness of antimicrobial resistance. Strama groups are important for successful local implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in Sweden.
Communities of Practice at the Cidade do Saber
Authors: Montero Carla Guerrón
Published: August 2016

Abstract

I explore the relationships among state, culture and politics in the context of the largest educational project of social inclusion, local participation and citizenship in the Municipality of Camaçari, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The City of Knowledge (Instituto Raimundo Pinheiro – Cidade do Saber), or CDS, offers free access to education, cultural events, and sports and leisure activities to economically disadvantaged children and adults, based on the concept of ‘plural citizenship’, the understanding that wider access to education, culture and sports shortens social distances and generates sustainable human development. Concepts of social inclusion, local participation, critical thinking and constructions of citizenship are applied, tested and contradicted on the ground. Sustainability is experienced as sustainable human development; sustainable urbanism; environmental sustainability and challenges to the sustainability of CDS, a community of practice where stakeholders are potentially producing a new way to understand what it means to be a modern Brazilian citizen.
Status of heavy metal in sediments of the Turag river in Bangladesh
Authors: Mohiuddin KM , Islam MS , Basak S , Abdullah HM , Ahmed I
Published: August 2016

The experiment was conducted to appraise the level of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contamination in 15 sediment samples of upstream of Turag river, at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were 178.0, 18.3, 0.8, 155.4, 194.1, 54.8, 13679 and 5501.6 µg g-1 and the pH and EC ranged from 2.01-7.85 and 391-3910µS cm-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations were compared with geochemical background and standard values of previous report on the Turag and other rivers in Bangladesh. The average concentrations of Cr, Zn and Ni in sediments of the Turag are almost twice of the geochemical background i.e. average worldwide shale standard and continental upper crust. Cadmium is about three times higher than the geochemical background values.  Chromium and Ni concentration exceeded the severe effect level (SEL), where as Cd, Zn and Cu exceeded toxicity reference values (TRV). The average Enrichment Factors (EFc) for Mn, Cd, Cr and Ni reflected moderate to extremely contaminated pollution. The pollution load index (PLI) varied from 1.65 to 3.21. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Mn of 11 locations and Cd for a single location were greater than 2.0, and exhibited moderately to strongly polluted sediment quality. The Igeo for Zn in two locations and Ni in one location were greater than 1.0, indicated moderately polluted sediment quality. Sediment pollution load signaled alarming condition for city dwellers and aquatic ecosystem of the Turag river. Pollution sources to be sealed immediately and continuous monitoring on pollution prevention and cleanup operation is suggested.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 78-85, 2016
In vitro screening for drought tolerance of some chickpea varieties in Bangladesh
Authors: Salma UK , Khatun F , Bhuiyan MJH , Yasmin S , Khan TH
Published: August 2016

The aim of the present study was to study physiological response of seven chickpea varieties viz. Binachola-2, Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6, Binachola-7 and Binachola-8 at different levels of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG).  Five different concentrations (0, 20, 35, 50, 60 g/L) of PEG 6000 was added in MS medium to create five different levels of drought stress for  in vitro screening of drought tolerant chick pea varieties. Data were recorded on germination percentage, fresh weight, shoot length, root length, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content (RWC) and proline content. The seven chickpea varieties differed significantly for different parameters in response to the drought stress. Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 showed the best performance for all the parameters studied. At the highest dose of PEG (60 g/l), in the most water deficient condition, fresh weight was recorded 0.59 g and 0.84 g, Shoot lengths of 2.10 cm and 3.75 cm, root lengths of 1.15 cm and 1.00 cm, turgid weight of 0.960 g and 0.970 g, dry weight of 0.13 g and 0.21 g, relative water contents (RWC) of 85.71% and 83.33% were recorded in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively. Increased proline content was recorded with the increasing level of PEG concentration. Proline content 0.533g/100g FW and 0.598g/100g FW were observed in Binachola-2 and Binachola-7, respectively under the influence of PEG at 60 g/l. Data recorded for Binachola-3, Binachola-4, Binachola-5, Binachola-6 and Binachola-8 for the studied parameters revealed that they showed susceptible response against higher drought stress level gen­erated by PEG. The data of this experiment revealed that, the accumulation of proline was significantly greater under drought stress. Thus, it is evident that Binachola-2 and Binachola-7 performed better against drought stress condition. These results of physiological and biochemical parameters may be utilized as a selection indicator for breeding program and used as a baseline for improvement of chickpea varieties in Bangladesh.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 110-118, 2016
Potentiality on e-commerce in the rural community of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam F , Kazal MMH , Rahman MH
Published: August 2016

Bangladesh is a least developed country where a large number of population in rural areas live under substantial poverty. Recently, a phenomenal growth has witnessed in accessing mobile phone and internet which showing a new way for trade and commerce (e-commerce). But it is a big challenge to establish and provide the facilities of e-commerce to the majority population live in rural areas. This study explores the potential role of e-commerce in promoting sustainable and equitable development in rural areas. We discuss the possibilities of using e-commerce technology in a way that will benefit the rural communities. The growth of mobile and internet users, the digital divide between rural and urban population, problems related with dispersing the service of e-commerce in rural areas and future prospects are presented. There are a number of challenges but however, recently introduced community e-centers has a good potential which can provide the services of e-commerce in rural areas. In addition, to support low-income rural population, there is a need for governmental funding for expansion and development of rural infrastructure. This study might be helpful for the policy makers to implement the appropriate development strategy for reducing poverty and betterment of living standard in rural areas.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 207-215, 2016
Marketing channel and value chain analysis of Bombay duck and ribbon fish in Coxs Bazar area of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan MK , Ghosh SK , Runa NS , Hasan MM , Kamal M
Published: August 2016

A study was conducted to investigate marketing channel and value chain of two commercially important marine fish species in Coxs Bazar area, Bangladesh, namely, Bombay duck Harpodon nehereus and Ribbon fish, Trichiurus haumela. Three types of markets were found in the study namely primary, secondary and retail markets. The number of sample fishermen and intermediaries were 120. About 4 to 5 intermediaries were found to be involved in the each marketing chain and this group is believed to make huge profit, thus the prices of fishes were very high in the final consumer market. Marketing margin for fresh Bombay duck and ribbon fish were 29% and 28% and dried Bombay duck and dried ribbon fish were 35% and 19% of consumer purchase price, respectively. Poor transport facilities and huge number of intermediaries in the marketing channels were the main problems of marine fish marketing channel. Government intervention in the marketing channel is necessary for sustainable fish marketing systems.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 222-227, 2016
Contact-Free Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Based on Wavelet Information Entropy Spectrum Using Bio-Radar
Authors: Qi Fugui , Li Chuantao , Wang Shuaijie , Zhang Hua , Wang Jianqi , Lu Guohua
Published: August 2016

Judgment and early danger warning of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is meaningful to the diagnosis of sleep illness. This paper proposed a novel method based on wavelet information entropy spectrum to make an apnea judgment of the OSA respiratory signal detected by bio-radar in wavelet domain. It makes full use of the features of strong irregularity and disorder of respiratory signal resulting from the brain stimulation by real, low airflow during apnea. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is effective for detecting the occurrence of sleep apnea and is also able to detect some apnea cases that the energy spectrum method cannot. Ultimately, the comprehensive judgment accuracy resulting from 10 groups of OSA data is 93.1%, which is promising for the non-contact aided-diagnosis of the OSA.
Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene
Authors: Ramlee Muhammad , Wang Jing , Toh Wei , Li Shang
Published: August 2016

Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to maintain their telomere length via expression of an enzymatic complex called telomerase. Similarly, more than 85%–90% of cancer cells are found to upregulate the expression of telomerase, conferring them with the potential to proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is the rate-limiting factor in reconstituting telomerase activity in vivo. To date, the expression and function of the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene are known to be regulated at various molecular levels (including genetic, mRNA, protein and subcellular localization) by a number of diverse factors. Among these means of regulation, transcription modulation is the most important, as evident in its tight regulation in cancer cell survival as well as pluripotent stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we discuss how hTERT gene transcription is regulated, mainly focusing on the contribution of trans-acting factors such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, as well as genetic alterations in hTERT proximal promoter.
Canines in the Classroom: Boccaccio, Dante, and the Visual Arts
Authors: Cozzarelli Julia
Published: August 2016

The article has two primary objectives: it presents an analysis of the representation of animals in selected Italian literary works; and it utilizes that analysis as an example of how to incorporate the visual arts in teaching literature in the undergraduate classroom. The literary works discussed include Dante’s Inferno and the myth of Romulus and Remus as preparation for Boccaccio’s Decameron, specifically novelle IX.7 and V.8, with a thematic focus on portrayals of canines. The article argues that the use of artwork from the medieval and Renaissance periods, such as statuary, illustrated manuscripts, images in bestiaries, and works by Botticelli and other well-known artists, can be used to complement and reinforce interpretations of the texts, and are a powerful and effective tool in the learning process.
Effects of Concentrations on the Transdermal Permeation Enhancing Mechanisms of Borneol: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Mixed-Bilayer Membranes
Authors: Dai Xingxing , Yin Qianqian , Wan Guang , Wang Ran , Shi Xinyuan , Qiao Yanjiang
Published: August 2016

Borneol is a natural permeation enhancer that is effective in drugs used in traditional clinical practices as well as in modern scientific research. However, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, a mixed coarse-grained model of stratum corneum (SC) lipid bilayer comprised of Ceramide-N-sphingosine (CER NS) 24:0, cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids (FFA) 24:0 (2:2:1) was used to examine the permeation enhancing mechanism of borneol on the model drug osthole. We found two different mechanisms that were dependent on concentrations levels of borneol. At low concentrations, the lipid system maintained a bilayer structure. The addition of borneol made the lipid bilayer loosen and improved drug permeation. The “pull” effect of borneol also improved drug permeation. However, for a strongly hydrophobic drug like osthole, the permeation enhancement of borneol was limited. When most borneol molecules permeated into bilayers and were located at the hydrophobic tail region, the spatial competition effect inhibited drug molecules from permeating deeper into the bilayer. At high concentrations, borneol led to the formation of water pores and long-lived reversed micelles. This improved the permeation of osthole and possibly other hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs through the SC. Our simulation results were supported by Franz diffusion tests and transmission electron microscope (TEM) experiments.
Near-Infrared Emitting PbS Quantum Dots for in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of the Thrombotic State in Septic Mouse Brain
Authors: Imamura Yukio , Yamada Sayumi , Tsuboi Setsuko , Nakane Yuko , Tsukasaki Yoshikazu , Komatsuzaki Akihito , Jin Takashi
Published: August 2016

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging is a powerful tool for the non-invasive visualization of the inner structure of living organisms. Recently, NIR fluorescence imaging at 1000–1400 nm (second optical window) has been shown to offer better spatial resolution compared with conventional NIR fluorescence imaging at 700–900 nm (first optical window). Here we report lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) and their use for in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis in septic mice. Highly fluorescent PbS QDs with a 1100 nm emission peak (QD1100) were prepared from lead acetate and hexamethyldisilathiane, and the surface of QD1100 was coated with mercaptoundecanoic acid so as to be soluble in water. NIR fluorescence imaging of the cerebral vessels of living mice was performed after intravascular injection (200–300 μL) of QD1100 (3 μM) from a caudal vein. By detecting the NIR fluorescence of QD1100, we achieved non-invasive NIR fluorescence imaging of cerebral blood vessels through the scalp and skull. We also achieved NIR fluorescence imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis in septic mice induced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). From the NIR fluorescence imaging, we found that the number of thrombi in septic mice was significantly increased by the administration of LPS. The formation of thrombi in cerebral blood vessels in septic mice was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also found that the number of thrombi significantly decreased after the administration of heparin, an inhibitor of blood coagulation. These results show that NIR fluorescence imaging with QD1100 is useful for the evaluation of the pathological state of cerebral blood vessels in septic mice.
Rosmarinic Acid Methyl Ester Inhibits LPS-Induced NO Production via Suppression of MyD88- Dependent and -Independent Pathways and Induction of HO-1 in RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: So Yangkang , Lee Seung , Han Ah-Reum , Kim Jin-Baek , Jeong Hye , Jin Chang
Published: August 2016

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAME) isolated from a mutant cultivar of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. We found that RAME inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, with an IC50 of 14.25 µM, in RAW 264.7 cells. RAME inhibited the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Moreover, RAME suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa B. These results suggest that the downregulation of iNOS expression by RAME was due to myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent and -independent pathways. Furthermore, RAME induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2. Treatment with tin protoporphyrin, an inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the RAME-induced suppression of NO production. Taken together, RAME isolated from P. frutescens inhibited NO production in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells through simultaneous induction of HO-1 and inhibition of MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways.
Receptor-Meditated Endocytosis by Hyaluronic Acid@Superparamagnetic Nanovetor for Targeting of CD44-Overexpressing Tumor Cells
Authors: Yu Kwang , Lin Meng , Lee Hyun-Ju , Tae Ki-Sik , Kang Bo-Sun , Lee Je , Lee Nam , Jeong Young , Han Seung-Yun , Kim Do
Published: August 2016

The present report proposes a more rational hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugation protocol that can be used to modify the surface of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by covalently binding the targeting molecules (HA) with glutamic acid as a molecular linker on peripheral surface of SPIONs. The synthesis of HA-Glutamic Acid (GA)@SPIONs was included oxidization of nanoparticle’s surface with H2O2 followed by activation of hydroxyl group and reacting glutamic acid as an intermediate molecule demonstrating transfection of lung cancer cells. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and zeta-potential studies confirmed the chemical bonding between amino acid linker and polysaccharides. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay showed that HA-SPIONs-treated cells remained 82.9% ± 2.7% alive at high particle dosage (200 µg/mL iron concentration), whereas GA-SPIONs and bare SPIONs (B-SPIONs) treated cells had only 59.3% ± 13.4% and 26.5% ± 3.1% survival rate at the same conditions, respectively. Confocal microscopy analysis showed increased cellular internalization of HA-SPIONs compared to non-interacting agarose coated SPIONs (AgA-SPIONs).
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Electrochemical Sensor for 2,4-Dichlorophenol Determination
Authors: Liu Benzhi , Cang Hui , Jin Jianxiang
Published: August 2016

A molecularly imprinted polymers based electrochemical sensor was fabricated by electropolymerizing pyrrole on a Fe3O4 nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode. The sensor showed highly catalytic ability for the oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Square wave voltammetry was used for the determination of 2,4-DCP. The oxidation peak currents were proportional to the concentrations of 2,4-DCP in the range of 0.04 to 2.0 µM, with a detection limit of 0.01 µM. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of 2,4-DCP in water samples giving satisfactory recoveries.
Accurate Mobile Urban Mapping via Digital Map-Based SLAM
Authors: Roh Hyunchul , Jeong Jinyong , Cho Younggun , Kim Ayoung
Published: August 2016

This paper presents accurate urban map generation using digital map-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Throughout this work, our main objective is generating a 3D and lane map aiming for sub-meter accuracy. In conventional mapping approaches, achieving extremely high accuracy was performed by either (i) exploiting costly airborne sensors or (ii) surveying with a static mapping system in a stationary platform. Mobile scanning systems recently have gathered popularity but are mostly limited by the availability of the Global Positioning System (GPS). We focus on the fact that the availability of GPS and urban structures are both sporadic but complementary. By modeling both GPS and digital map data as measurements and integrating them with other sensor measurements, we leverage SLAM for an accurate mobile mapping system. Our proposed algorithm generates an efficient graph SLAM and achieves a framework running in real-time and targeting sub-meter accuracy with a mobile platform. Integrated with the SLAM framework, we implement a motion-adaptive model for the Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM). Using motion estimation derived from SLAM, the experimental results show that the proposed approaches provide stable bird’s-eye view images, even with significant motion during the drive. Our real-time map generation framework is validated via a long-distance urban test and evaluated at randomly sampled points using Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)-GPS.
Urbanization and Its Effects on Industrial Pollutant Emissions: An Empirical Study of a Chinese Case with the Spatial Panel Model
Authors: Guo Jin , Xu Yingzhi , Pu Zhengning
Published: August 2016

Urbanization is considered a main indicator of regional economic development due to its positive effect on promoting industrial development; however, many regions, especially developing countries, have troubled in its negative effect—the aggravating environmental pollution. Many researchers have addressed that the rapid urbanization stimulated the expansion of the industrial production and increased the industrial pollutant emissions. However, this statement is exposed to a grave drawback in that urbanization not only expands industrial production but also improves labor productivity and changes industrial structure. To make up this drawback, we first decompose the influence of urbanization impacts on the industrial pollutant emissions into the scale effect, the intensive effect, and the structure effect by using the Kaya Identity and the LMDI Method; second, we perform an empirical study of the three effects by applying the spatial panel model on the basis of the data from 282 prefecture-level cities of China from 2003 to 2014. Our results indicate that (1) there are significant reverse U-shapes between China’s urbanization rate and the volume of industrial wastewater discharge, sulfur dioxide emissions and soot (dust) emissions; (2) the relationship between China’s urbanization and the industrial pollutant emissions depends on the scale effect, the intensive effect and the structure effect jointly. Specifically, the scale effect and the structure effect tend to aggravate the industrial wastewater discharge, the sulfur dioxide emissions and the soot (dust) emissions in China’s cities, while the intensive effect results in decreasing the three types of industrial pollutant emissions; (3) there are significant spatial autocorrelations of the industrial pollutant emissions among China’s cities, but the spatial spillover effect is non-existent or non-significant. We attempt to explain this contradiction due to the fact that the vast rural areas around China’s cities serve as sponge belts and absorb the spatial spillover of the industrial pollutant emissions from cities. According to the results, we argue the decomposition of the three effects is necessary and meaningful, it establishes a cornerstone in understanding the definite relationship between urbanization and industrial pollutant emissions, and effectively contributes to the relative policy making.
p16, pRb, and p53 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Supsavhad Wachiraphan , Dirksen Wessel , Hildreth Blake , Rosol Thomas
Published: August 2016

Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is a highly aggressive head and neck cancer in cats, but the molecular pathogenesis of this cancer is still uncertain. In this study, p16, p53, and pRb proteins were detected and quantified by immunohistochemistry in forty-three FOSCC primary tumors and three FOSCC xenografts. p16 mRNA levels were also measured in three FOSCC cell lines (SCCF1, F2, and F3), which were consistent with their p16 immunoreactivity. Feline SCCF1 cells had very high levels of p16 protein and mRNA (55-fold greater) compared to SCCF2 and F3. A partial feline p16 cDNA sequence was amplified and sequenced. The average age of cats with FOSCC with high p16 immunoreactivity was significantly lower than the average age in the low p16 group. Eighteen of 43 (42%) FOSCCs had low p16 intensity, while 6/43 (14%) had high p16 immunoreactivity. Feline papillomavirus L1 (major capsid) DNA was not detected in the SCC cell lines or the FOSCCs with high p16 immunostaining. Five of 6 (83%) of the high p16 FOSCC had low p53, but only 1/6 (17%) had low pRb immunoreactivity. In summary, the staining pattern of p16, p53, and pRb in FOSCC was different from human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The majority of FOSCCs have low p16 immunostaining intensity, therefore, inactivation of CDKN2A is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of FOSCC. A subset of FOSCCs had increased p16 protein, which supports an alternate pathogenesis of cancer in these cats.
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using Tracers and Numerical Modeling in the North China Plain
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Wang Guiling , Zhang Wei , Cui Haodong , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2016

Water resource shortage has been a serious problem since the 1980s in the North China Plain (NCP), resulting in plenty of environmental problems. Estimating the groundwater recharge rate accurately is vital for managing groundwater effectively. This study applied several methods, including chloride mass-balance, tracers (bromide and tritium) and numerical modeling (Hydrus-1D), to estimate groundwater recharge at three representative sites of the NCP: Zhengding (ZD), Luancheng (LC) and Hengshui (HS). The chloride concentration of the soil profile in the ZD site showed that the mean recharge was 3.84 mm/year with the residence time of 105 years for soil water transferring through the vadose area of 45.0 m in depth in the preferential flow model mainly. Considering the influence of preferential flow on the soil water movement in the field scale, the traditional methods (e.g., peak method of bromide and tritium tracers based on piston flow described in the literature) could be unsuitable to estimate groundwater recharge in the LC and HS sites, especially in areas with low recharge rates. Therefore, multi-region and mass balance methods were applied in this study. The results of this investigation showed that the mean values of recharge were 124.3 and 18.0 mm/year in the LC and HS sites, respectively, in 2010. Owing to complexity and uncertainty on the surface resulting from the measuring of evapotranspiration, the upper boundary of 1.4 m (under the ground where most of the plant roots did not reach) was chosen for the numerical modeling of Hydrus-1D, and the result showed that the mean recharge was 225 mm/year from 2003 to 2007, consistent with the result of tracers in the previous literature. The result also showed that the positive relation of groundwater recharge and the sum of irrigation and rainfall was presented in the spatial and temporal scale. Additionally, human activities promoted the recharge rate, and recharge rates increased with greater depths in the LC site generally. However, both cases did not appear clearly in the HS site, showing that the low penetrability of soil controlled the recharge rate in this site.
Self‐Fertility in a Cultivated Diploid Potato Population Examined with the Infinium 8303 Potato Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism Array
Authors: Peterson Brenda A. , Holt Sarah H. , Laimbeer F. Parker E. , Doulis Andreas G. , Coombs Joseph , Douches David S. , Hardigan Michael A. , Buell C. Robin , Veilleux Richard E.
Published: August 2016

Within a population of F1 hybrids between two genotypes (S. tuberosum L. Group Phureja DM 1‐3 516 R44 [DM] and S. tuberosum L. Group Tuberosum RH89‐039‐16 [RH]) used in the potato genome sequencing project, we observed fruit set after self‐pollination on many plants. Examination of pollen tube growth in self‐fertile and self‐unfruitful F1 plants after controlled self‐pollinations revealed no difference in the ability of pollen tubes to reach the ovary. To identify genomic regions linked with self‐fertility, we genotyped the F1 population using a genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Polymorphic and robust SNPs were analyzed to identify allelic states segregating with the self‐fertile phenotype. All 88 highly significant SNPs occurred on chromosome 12. Seeds obtained after self‐pollination of self‐fertile individuals were used to advance the population for four generations. Genotyping 46 self‐fruitful and 46 self‐unfruitful S3 plants on the Infinium 8303 Potato SNP array revealed eight SNPs segregating with self‐fertility on chromosomes 4, 9, 11, and 12. Three times more heterozygosity than expected was found in the S3 generation. Estimates of heterozygosity were influenced by copy number variation (CNV) in the potato genome leading to spurious heterozygous genotyping calls. Some spurious heterozygosity could be removed by application of a CNV filter developed from alignment of additional monoploid potato genomic sequence to the DM reference genome. The genes responsible for fruit set in self‐fertile plants in the F1 generation were restricted to chromosome 12, whereas new genomic regions contributed to the ability of S3 plants to set fruit after self‐pollination.
Improving Genetic Gain with Genomic Selection in Autotetraploid Potato
Authors: Slater Anthony T. , Cogan Noel O.I. , Forster John W. , Hayes Benjamin J. , Daetwyler Hans D.
Published: August 2016

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeders consider a large number of traits during cultivar development and progress in conventional breeding can be slow. There is accumulating evidence that some of these traits, such as yield, are affected by a large number of genes with small individual effects. Recently, significant efforts have been applied to the development of genomic resources to improve potato breeding, culminating in a draft genome sequence and the identification of a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The availability of these genome‐wide SNPs is a prerequisite for implementing genomic selection for improvement of polygenic traits such as yield. In this review, we investigate opportunities for the application of genomic selection to potato, including novel breeding program designs. We have considered a number of factors that will influence this process, including the autotetraploid and heterozygous genetic nature of potato, the rate of decay of linkage disequilibrium, the number of required markers, the design of a reference population, and trait heritability. Based on estimates of the effective population size derived from a potato breeding program, we have calculated the expected accuracy of genomic selection for four key traits of varying heritability and propose that it will be reasonably accurate. We compared the expected genetic gain from genomic selection with the expected gain from phenotypic and pedigree selection, and found that genetic gain can be substantially improved by using genomic selection.
POSSIBLE SOLUTION OF THE LONG-STANDING DISCREPANCY IN THE MICROLENSING OPTICAL DEPTH TOWARD THE GALACTIC BULGE BY CORRECTING THE STELLAR NUMBER COUNT
Authors: Sumi T. , Penny M. T.
Published: August 2016

We find that significant incompleteness in stellar number counts results in a significant overestimate of the microlensing optical depth τ and event rate per star per year Γ toward the Galactic bulge from the first two years of the MOA-II survey. We find that the completeness in red clump giant (RCG) counts

decreases proportional to the galactic latitude b, as

, ranging between 1 and 0.7 at

. The previous measurements using all sources by difference image analysis (DIA) by MACHO and MOA-I suffer the same bias. On the other hand, the measurements using an RCG sample by OGLE-II, MACHO, and EROS were free from this bias because they selected only the events associated with the resolved stars. Thus, the incompleteness both in the number of events and stellar number count cancel out. We estimate τ and Γ by correcting this incompleteness. In the central fields with

, we find

star−1 yr−1 and

for the 427 events with

days using all sources brighter than

mag. Our revised all-source τ measurements are about 2σ smaller than the other all-source measurements and are consistent with the RCG measurements within 1σ. We conclude that the long-standing problem on discrepancy between the high τ with all-source samples by DIA and low τ with RCG samples can probably be explained by the incompleteness of the stellar number count. A model fit to these measurements predicts

star−1 yr−1 at

and

for sources with

, where the future space mission, Wide Field Infrared Space Telescope, will observe.
SOURCE REGIONS OF THE TYPE II RADIO BURST OBSERVED DURING A CME–CME INTERACTION ON 2013 MAY 22
Authors: Mäkelä P. , Gopalswamy N. , Reiner M. J. , Akiyama S. , Krupar V.
Published: August 2016

We report on our study of radio source regions during the type II radio burst on 2013 May 22 based on direction-finding analysis of the Wind/WAVES and STEREO/WAVES (SWAVES) radio observations at decameter–hectometric wavelengths. The type II emission showed an enhancement that coincided with the interaction of two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) launched in sequence along closely spaced trajectories. The triangulation of the SWAVES source directions posited the ecliptic projections of the radio sources near the line connecting the Sun and the STEREO-A spacecraft. The WAVES and SWAVES source directions revealed shifts in the latitude of the radio source, indicating that the spatial location of the dominant source of the type II emission varies during the CME–CME interaction. The WAVES source directions close to 1 MHz frequencies matched the location of the leading edge of the primary CME seen in the images of the LASCO/C3 coronagraph. This correspondence of spatial locations at both wavelengths confirms that the CME–CME interaction region is the source of the type II enhancement. Comparison of radio and white-light observations also showed that at lower frequencies scattering significantly affects radio wave propagation.
Intraempreendedorismo no setor público: Estudo de caso na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR)
Authors: Marques Sylvia Bitencourt Valle , Rasoto Vanessa Ishikawa , Ishikawa Gerson , Bocchino Leslie De Oliveira
Published: August 2016

Com as mudanças sociais decorrentes das crescentes interdependências culturais e econômicas que ocorrem em âmbito mundial, o empreendedorismo pode contribuir para a sobrevivência das organizações, inclusive aquelas do setor público, favorecendo a agregação de valores aos serviços prestados à sociedade. O empreendedorismo tem sido pouco estudado quando se refere ao setor público, de forma que justifica o presente estudo interpretações mais exatas sobre o tema. A pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a perspectiva dos gestores públicos quanto a importância do empreendedorismo na gestão de uma organização pública. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi estudo de caso na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, com aplicação de questionários aos seus gestores. Motivou a escolha do objeto de estudo o fato de que as Universidades são apontadas como instituições com papel fundamental no processo de ensinar e difundir o empreendedorismo. Os resultados demonstraram a perspectiva dos gestores pesquisados sobre a importância de características relacionadas ao empreendedorismo na gestão administrativa pública.
Perfil de estratégias de inovação das empresas do setor alimentício: Um estudo amostral no Município de Ponta Grossa/PR
Authors: Oliveira Marilisa Do Rocio , Tanski Nilda , Rauski Eliane De Fátima , Panucci-Filho Laurindo
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo revisar a literatura que conceitua a competitividade, estratégia e inovações tecnológicas e determinar quais são as estratégias de inovação utilizada pelas empresas, a partir de um diagnóstico de inovação das pequenas e médias empresas atuantes no setor alimentício do município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, a partir da metodologia desenvolvida por Reis e Reis Neto (2010) A questão norteadora indagou quais as estratégias utilizadas no setor alimentício de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. As estratégias do modelo foram: Ofensiva,      Defensiva,        Dependente e Imitativa. A amostra se constituiu de 22 empresas que aceitaram participar do processo de forma voluntária. Concluiu-se que a maioria das empresas do município caracterizam-se por adotarem principalmente estratégia imitativa de inovação, e para reverter esse cenário, muitas mudanças deverão ser realizadas.
Tecnologia social e órgãos públicos municipais: realidades e potencialidades
Authors: Gapinski Ecinoely Francine Przybycz , Freitas Carlos Cesar Garcia
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo visa apresentar os resultados de um estudo que teve como objetivo geral analisar o envolvimento dos Órgãos Públicos Municipais junto aos projetos de Tecnologia Social. Para tanto foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, junto a uma amostra de 146 projetos de Tecnologia Social, por meio de análise documental. Evidencia-se que, ao longo das três últimas edições do prêmio de Tecnologia Social houve um aumento considerável no número de projetos com envolvimento dos Órgãos Públicos Municipais, no entanto, ainda trata-se de um número reduzido, ou seja, um potencial, ainda, pouco explorado, tendo sido identificados apenas 25 projetos onde figure como proponente ou responsável um Órgão Público Municipal. Ainda, entre os resultados obtidos pode-se destacar que aliado a preocupação com a educação, a necessidade de geração de renda, meio ambiente e saúde são as temáticas que mais despertaram a atenção dos órgãos públicos municipais para com as Tecnologias Sociais.
Le dialogue entre Strauss et Kojève et ses présuppositions
Authors: Patard Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

La controverse entre Leo Strauss et Alexandre Kojève autour des questions de l’essence de l’Homme, de la Nature, de l’Être et de la « fin de l’Histoire » laisse apparaître la portée essentiellement critique de l’entreprise de Strauss : l’ambition systématique des philosophes modernes n’a pas abouti à régler définitivement les questions fondamentales, la « querelle des anciens et des modernes » peut et doit être rouverte en philosophie. Face aux objections de Strauss, Kojève échoue à montrer que l’anthropologie héritée de Hegel et de Heidegger rend pleinement compte de l’essence de l’homme, en particulier de son caractère irrationnel, de même qu’il échoue à remplacer la dialectique hégélienne de la nature par une théorie des phénomènes articulée à son anthropologie athée et acosmique. On fait usage d’un important matériel inédit et en partie inconnu jusqu’ici provenant du Fonds Kojève (Bibliothèque nationale de France) et des Leo Strauss Papers (The University of Chicago Library).
Alexandre Kojève et Gaston Fessard sur l’autorité et la politique
Authors: Scholz Danilo
Published: August 2016

Alexandre Kojève et Gaston Fessard, qui ont eu des échanges intellectuels dès 1934, élaborent leurs réflexions sur l’autorité dans le contexte politique du régime de Vichy et de l’occupation allemande. L’autorité paternelle apparaît, chez l’un comme chez l’autre, comme une figure conceptuelle privilégiée pour comprendre la situation de la France, mais ils en tirent des conclusions différentes quant à l’engage­- ment politique qui peut en découler. Pour Fessard, l’appui sur le père divin permet de justifier une certaine forme de résistance ; Kojève, qui a pu être proche de la figure des « vichysto-résistants », voit dans l’autorité paternelle un élément qui joue en faveur de Pétain et d’un projet de Révolution nationale.
Aurore : sur quelles lumières débouche le travail en profondeur ?
Authors: Blondel Éric
Published: August 2016

Aurore (1881) de Nietzsche doit être lu en tant que tel et non comme un signe précurseur des analyses ultérieures (psychologie, généalogie, volonté de puissance). C’est une critique de la culture, autrement dit de la morale, où Nietzsche se réclame explicitement du style d’analyse des moralistes français. C’est un travail de sape : mais la métaphore a des implications philosophiques inattendues : le travail de minage n’aboutit pas à la découverte d’un socle ou d’un fondement, mais sur le nihil de la mort de Dieu.
Non-invasive Respiratory Support and Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Raghu Rahul , Fisher Marilyn , Cerone Jennifer , Barry Gerard
Published: August 2016

The authors describe two premature infants who developed stage 3, zone I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with plus disease in both eyes, despite limited exposure to supra-ambient oxygen. Both infants received noninvasive respiratory support for several weeks. Both cases are notable because the ROP was more posterior and aggressive than is typical for the gestational ages or birth weights. These cases are insufficient to make definitive conclusions regarding the factors that cause ROP. Further investigation is required to determine if there is an association between the use of non-invasive respiratory support, even in the absence of supra-ambient oxygen, and severe ROP development.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53:e47–e50.]
Double Augmented Vertical Rectus Transposition for Large-Angle Esotropia Due to Sixth Nerve Palsy
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Vijayalakshmi Perumalsamy , Shetty Shashikant , Vora Priyanka , Kalwaniya Suresh
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

To study the binocular alignment and ocular motility in patients with large-angle esotropia due to sixth nerve palsy treated with double augmented vertical recti transposition.

Methods:

This was a prospective interventional study. Fifteen patients with non-resolving sixth nerve palsy who underwent surgical correction were included in the study. Fourteen patients also underwent an additional medial rectus recession. Two patients with an associated small vertical deviation had a selective augmentation of one vertical rectus muscle. Binocular alignment, ocular motility, duction limitation, improvement in head posture, induced vertical deviations, and field of diplopia-free binocular single vision (when possible) were analyzed. Successful outcome was defined as a residual horizontal deviation of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less with no vertical deviation at final follow-up (6 months).

Results:

The double augmented Hummelsheim procedure improved esotropia from 58.3 ± 10.8 PD preoperatively to 7.2 ± 5.1 PD postoperatively (
P
= .001). Three (20%) patients had residual deviation of greater than 10 PD, of which 1 patient had diplopia and was treated with prisms. Postoperative binocular field of vision was performed in 6 patients, the mean of which was 20° for abduction and 45° for adduction. Three of 6 patients had elimination of face turn and the rest had residual head posture of less than 5°. Two patients had an induced vertical deviation of less than 4 PD. In patients who had selective augmentation, the vertical deviation was completely corrected.

Conclusions:

The patients operated on with double augmentation of the Hummelsheim procedure combined with medial rectus recession had reduced mean primary esotropia and improved diplopia-free field of vision postoperatively.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(6):369–374.]
Puente de Buffalo Bayou
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: August 2016

El puente Buffalo Bayou, situado en el término de Houston, Estado de Texas (EE. UU.), constituye una estructura que por su belleza ha merecido un premio del Instituto Americano de Construcciones Metálicas, galardón que se concede para estimular a los constructores y proyectistas en su esfuerzo para lograr, no ya obras de utilidad general, sino de valor artístico en su aspecto externo.
El problema financiero de las carreteras españolas
Authors: Vízoso Mozo Ángel
Published: August 2016

Con mucha frecuencia se habla del "problema de nuestras carreteras" tratando de analizar el conjunto de causas que han producido el hecho de que se encuentren en un estado de rodaje verdaderamente deficiente, sobre todo si las comparamos con las de los restantes países europeos, con los cuales más o menos tarde habrá de integrarse el nuestro, en cuyo caso uno de los aspectos a considerar, quizá previo a los demás, y desde luego muy importante, es el de la internacionalización de las carreteras, lo que supone la puesta a punto de las nuestras a un nivel similar al europeo, conforme a lo tratado en las recientes reuniones de los Ministros de Transporte europeos.
Traíllas de arrastre Sauerman
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: August 2016

La creciente mecanización en obra y taller ha dado paso a un poderoso elemento auxiliar, que se hace insustituible en las explotaciones de graveras y, en general, en toda clase de acopios de materiales áridos en la construcción, y en los grandes movimientos de materiales y minerales que han de apilarse o depositar sobre tolvas de cargaderos. Este auxiliar es la traílla de arrastre.