bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anion induced structural transformation in silver-(3,6-dimethoxy-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) coordination polymers under mechanochemical conditions
Authors: Kang Philjae , Jung Sooyong , Lee Junhyung , Kang Hye Ji , Lee Hyehee , Choi Moon-Gun
Published: July 2016

Mechanochemical processes allow the 1D chain of [Ag(dmotz)(CF3SO3)]n to easily convert to a 2D grid network of {[Ag(dmotz)2](ClO4)}n in the presence of [ClO4]−.
Kinetic studies of phosphoester hydrolysis promoted by a dimeric tetrazirconium(iv) Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate
Authors: Luong Thi Kim Nga , Shestakova Pavletta , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: July 2016

The kinetic and thermodynamic studies ofp-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis promoted by a Zr(iv)-substituted Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate, Na14[Zr4(P2W16O59)2(μ3-O)2(OH)2(H2O)4]·57H2O, were fully presented.
Thermophotovoltaics: a potential pathway to high efficiency concentrated solar power
Authors: Seyf Hamid Reza , Henry Asegun
Published: July 2016

Thermophotovoltaics power block for concentrated solar power.
Wheat bran intake can attenuate chronic cadmium toxicity in mice gut microbiota
Authors: Li Yuhui , Liu Kaiyong , Shen Jie , Liu Yehao
Published: July 2016

Environmental exposure to pollutants such as heavy metals is responsible for various altered physiological functions that are detrimental to health.
Strategies for the release of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides in an enzymatic hydrolyzate of α-lactalbumin
Authors: Nongonierma Alice B. , Le Maux Solène , Hamayon Joël , FitzGerald Richard J.
Published: July 2016

Targeted enzymatic digestion to release DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from α-lactalbumin.
Perspective on the use of nanoparticles to improve LIBS analytical performance: nanoparticle enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS)
Authors: De Giacomo A. , Dell'Aglio M. , Gaudiuso R. , Koral C. , Valenza G.
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the new approach for Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) based on nanoparticle deposition on the sample surface is reviewed from both fundamental and application points of view.
A mechanistic insight into the effect of piperidine as an organocatalyst on the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of benzalacetone with phenyl azide from a computational study
Authors: Tajabadi J. , Bakavoli M. , Gholizadeh M. , Eshghi H.
Published: July 2016

The mechanism of an uncatalyzed and piperidine organocatalyzed cycloaddition reaction of benzalacetone with phenyl azide was investigated by a computational study.
Regioselective vicinal functionalization of unactivated alkenes with sulfonium iodate(i) reagents under metal-free conditions
Authors: Rao Dodla S. , Reddy Thurpu R. , Babachary Kalvacherla , Kashyap Sudhir
Published: July 2016

A sulfonium iodine(i) electrophilic salt promoted the stereodivergent vicinal bisfunctionalization of a diverse range of alkenes enabling the synthesis of synthetically useful iodo-functionalized derivatives.
Temperature-dependent annuloselectivity and stereochemistry in the reactions of methanesulfonyl sulfene with imines
Authors: Wu Qiuyue , Yang Zhanhui , Xu Jiaxi
Published: July 2016

The annuloselectivity in the reactions of methanesulfonyl sulfene and imines varies with temperature. At 20 °C, the [2s+ 2i] annulation occurs exclusively, while at −78 °C, the [2s+ 2i+ 2i] annulation ofN-methyl imines takes place specifically.
Controlled nanogel and macrogel structures from self-assembly of a stimuli-responsive amphiphilic block copolymer
Authors: Liu JianCheng , Uhlir Christina , Shah Parag K. , Sun Fang , Stansbury Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2016

RAFT polymerization was utilized to prepare an amphiphilic block copolymer containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments.
Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of sugar-based pyrazole derivatives with anticancer activity in water
Authors: Du Kui , Xia Chengcai , Wei Mengyi , Chen Xinzhi , Zhang Pengfei
Published: July 2016

A rapid, efficient and green method has been developed for the synthesis of some novel sugar-based pyrazole derivatives in eco-friendly water under microwave irradiation in good yields.
Expedient floating process for ultra-thin InGaZnO thin-film-transistors and their high bending performance
Authors: Kang Won Jun , Ahn Cheol Hyoun , Yun Myeong Gu , Cho Sung Woon , Kim Ye Kyun , Kim Da Eun , Kim Bora , Cho Hyung Koun , Kim Yunseok
Published: July 2016

Polyvinyl alcohol with low molecular weight exhibited good surface morphology and quick floating time for the fabrication of the top-gate oxide TFTs.
Incorporation of graphene into silica-based aerogels and application for water remediation
Authors: Loche D. , Malfatti L. , Carboni D. , Alzari V. , Mariani A. , Casula M. F.
Published: July 2016

Graphene/silica nanocomposites in the form of highly porous aerogels are obtained for the first time by integrating a novel approach for the production of low defectivity graphene with a two-step route for the synthesis of a silica-based monolith.
UV aerosol synthesis: a one-step route to silica, organic-silica and surfactant/silica nanostructured materials
Authors: Sibeaud Mathilde , Croutxé-Barghorn Céline , Rigolet Séverinne , Michelin Laure , Josien Ludovic , Vidal Loïc , Lebeau Bénédicte , Wörner Michael , Chemtob Abraham
Published: July 2016

A flame-free UV-mediated aerosol technology opens the way for the fabrication of organic–inorganic powder products in a single operation and ambient temperature.
Molecules with O-acetyl group protect protein glycation by acetylating lysine residues
Authors: Vannuruswamy Garikapati , Jagadeeshaprasad Mashanipalya G. , Kashinath K. , Kesavan Suresh K. , Bhat Shweta , Korwar Arvind M. , Chougale Ashok D. , Boppana Ramanamurthy , Reddy D. Srinivasa , Kulkarni Mahesh J.
Published: July 2016

In-vitro and in-vivo chemical proteomic studies of acetyl group molecules revealed that, O-acetyl molecules competitively inhibits the protein glycation by acetylating the lysine residues.
Rare sugar production by coupling of NADH oxidase and l-arabinitol dehydrogenase
Authors: Gao Hui , Kim Tae-Su , Mardina Primata , Zhou Pengji , Wen Fei , Lee Jung-Kul
Published: July 2016

An efficient biocatalytic cell-free system containing l-arabinitol dehydrogenase (LAD) for l-arabinitol oxidation and NADH oxidase (Nox) for cofactor regeneration was successfully constructed and used for l-rare sugar production.
Mussel inspired locomotive: the moisture induced actuation in a poly(vinyl alcohol) film containing melanin-like dopamine nano spheres
Authors: Obiweluozor Francis O. , GhavamiNejad Amin , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: July 2016

We report here for the first time a PVA film incorporated with PDNs that is capable of fast and perpetual motion driven by a humidity gradient.
An electrospun polycarbonate nanofibrous membrane for high efficiency particulate matter filtration
Authors: Li Qian , Xu Yiyang , Wei Hanghang , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2016

The filtration efficiency of electrospun PC membrane was higher than those of both PVA and PS membranes, suggesting that polarity is the most influential factor shaping the interaction of particles and fiber surfaces.
Silver nanoparticle decorated polyaniline/multiwalled super-short carbon nanotube nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Tang Li , Duan Fang , Chen Mingqing
Published: July 2016

In order to increase the utilization of the closed pore volumes of CNTs, multilayer super-short carbon nanotubes (SSCNTs) have been synthesized by tailoring the raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a simple ultrasonic oxidation-cut method.
Cobalt(ii) ions detection using carbon dots as an sensitive and selective fluorescent probe
Authors: Kong Depeng , Yan Fanyong , Han Ziyi , Xu Jinxia , Guo Xingfei , Chen Li
Published: July 2016

Carbon dots were explored for fluorescent detection of Co2+ through metal–ligand interaction. Moreover, the quenched fluorescence can be turned on with the addition of biothiols, which demonstrates the possible mechanism.
Preparation of amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for enhancement of bacterial capture efficiency
Authors: Fang Weijun , Han Chen , Zhang Huabing , Wei Wenmei , Liu Rui , Shen Yuxian
Published: July 2016

PEI-MNPs were successfully fabricated, which showed higher bacterial capture ability than the triaminopropylalkoxysilane directly modified NH-MNPs at low concentration.
Removal of mixed contaminants, crystal violet, and heavy metal ions by using immobilized stains as the functional biomaterial
Authors: Cheng Ying , Zhou Fengfei , Li Shibin , Chen Zuliang
Published: July 2016

A new functional biomaterial based on Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V (C09V) was immobilized on beads and used for simultaneous removal of both heavy metals and crystal violet (CV).
Low temperature hydrogenation of α-angelica lactone on silica supported Pd–NiO catalysts with synergistic effect
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yuan Qingqing , Chen Li , Xue Teng , Guan Yejun , Wu Peng
Published: July 2016

Low temperature (30 °C) hydrogenation of α-angelica lactone under 0.3–1 MPa H2 with very high activity is achieved by loading a minute amount (0.2 wt%) of Pd nanoparticles on NiO.
Supramolecular liquid crystalline dendrimers with a porphyrin core and functional carboxylic acid dendrons
Authors: Concellón Alberto , Bucoş Madalina , Serrano José Luis , Romero Pilar , Marcos Mercedes
Published: July 2016

Supramolecular dendrimers prepared via H-bonding between porphyrin core and bifunctionalised dendrons, incorporated in the periphery, display photoluminescence properties and self-assembly into smectic mesophase.
High performance CO2filtration and sequestration by using bromomethyl benzene linked microporous networks
Authors: Ullah Ruh , Atilhan Mert , Anaya Baraa , Al-Muhtaseb Shaheen , Aparicio Santiago , Thirion Damien , Yavuz Cafer T.
Published: July 2016

Porous solid sorbents have been investigated for the last few decades to replace the costly amine solution and explore the most efficient and economical material for CO2capture and storage.
Self-propelled manganese oxide-based catalytic micromotors for drug delivery
Authors: Wang Linlin , Chen Jun , Feng Xiaomiao , Zeng Wenjin , Liu Ruiqing , Xiujing Lin Xiujing Lin , Ma Yanwen , Wang Lianhui
Published: July 2016

A novel self-propelled drug delivery vehicle was developed to capture and transport an anticancer drug through electrostatic interactions.
Highly water-dispersible magnetite-supported Pd nanoparticles and single atoms as excellent catalysts for Suzuki and hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Guarnizo A. , Angurell I. , Muller G. , Llorca J. , Seco M. , Rossell O. , Rossell M. D.
Published: July 2016

The linker dpa enables the deposition of palladium on magnetite nanoparticles that show excellent catalytic behavior in water or water/ethanol solvents.
Development of a colorimetric and NIR fluorescent dual probe for carbon monoxide
Authors: Yan Jin-wu , Zhu Jia-ying , Tan Qi-feng , Zhou Lin-fu , Yao Pei-fen , Lu Yu-ting , Tan Jia-heng , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2016

Herein, the first example of colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent dual probe for carbon monoxide (CO) has been developed by assembling allyl chloroformate moiety with naphthofluorescein fluorophore, which enables the label-free and visual detection of CO.
Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene sheets from a natural graphite flask in the presence of sulfate ions at different temperatures
Authors: Hsieh Chien-Te , Hsueh Jen-Hao
Published: July 2016

We proposed an electrochemical route to functionalize graphene nanosheets (GNs) directly from a natural graphite electrode in the presence of sulfate ions under constant-voltage and constant-current models.
Extending the environmental lifetime of unpackaged perovskite solar cells through interfacial design
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Hou Yi , Halbig Christian E. , Chen Shi , Zhang Hong , Li Ning , Guo Fei , Tang Xiaofeng , Gasparini Nicola , Levchuk Ievgen , Kahmann Simon , Ramirez Quiroz Cesar Omar , Osvet Andres , Eigler Siegfried , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: July 2016

Solution-processed oxo-functionalized graphene is used to substitute hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS as an anode interfacial layer for perovskite solar cells. The resulting devices exhibit a reasonable PCE of 15.2% and improved stability.
Photoresponsive spiropyran-functionalised MOF-808: postsynthetic incorporation and light dependent gas adsorption properties
Authors: Healey Katherine , Liang Weibin , Southon Peter D. , Church Tamara L. , D'Alessandro Deanna M.
Published: July 2016

The first example of spiropyran (SP) functionalised metal–organic framework (MOF) was synthesised via a two-step post-synthesis modification of the Zr-oxo nodes in MOF-808. The resulting MOF-808-SP showed photoresponsive surface area, pore volume and CO2 uptake.
Wavelength conversion effect-assisted dye-sensitized solar cells for enhanced solar light harvesting
Authors: Kim Chang Woo , Shin Woo Jin , Choi Mi Jin , Lee Jae Ho , Nam Sang Hwan , Suh Yung Doug , Kang Yong Soo , Kang Young Soo
Published: July 2016

In the present study, an enhanced solar light harvesting strategy based on the wavelength conversion effect is suggested for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Integrating photosystem II into a porous TiO2 nanotube network toward highly efficient photo-bioelectrochemical cells
Authors: Li Jiao , Feng Xiyun , Fei Jinbo , Cai Peng , Huang Jianguo , Li Junbai
Published: July 2016

A photosystem II-based photoanode coupled with a porous TiO2 nanotube network is constructed for solar energy conversion into electrical power.
How can nanomedicines overcome cellular-based anticancer drug resistance?
Authors: Sobot Dunja , Mura Simona , Couvreur Patrick
Published: July 2016

This review discusses the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance according to its cellular level of action and outlines the nanomedicine-based strategies adopted to overcome it.
Historical changes in the distribution of hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus spp.): a review
Authors: Swinbourne Michael J. , Taggart David A. , Peacock David , Ostendorf Bertram
Published: July 2016

We conducted a search of the historical records for any mention of hairy-nosed wombats in order to establish their likely distribution at the time of European settlement. The evidence suggests that there were two main groups of southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) that were separated by Spencer Gulf in South Australia. The western group extended to Balladonia in Western Australia, while the eastern group extended along the Murray River to Euston in New South Wales. The Queensland population of northern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus krefftii) was geographically large but highly patchy, and there was an abundant population in the New South Wales Riverina. Both species experienced a population decline between 1870 and 1920, with the main influences thought to be competition from rabbits and control actions by landholders. Our findings suggest that the ongoing control of rabbits via methods that do not harm wombats is critical for wombat conservation today. We also suggest that hairy-nosed wombats may be sensitive to climate change, and recommend more research on this topic.
Cassava root fermented with yeast improved feed digestibility in Brahman beef cattle
Authors: Promkot C. , Nitipot P. , Piamphon N. , Abdullah N. , Promkot A.
Published: July 2016

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to enhance the protein level of low-protein feedstuffs such as cassava root. In the present study, fresh cassava root was grated and subjected to solid-state fermentation with S. cerevisiae to enhance the protein content. The fermentation process lasted for 21 days, followed by fermentation with yeast for 5 days. The fermented product was called yeast-fermented cassava root (YEFECAR). The YEFECAR was then evaluated as a feed ingredient at 10%, 20% and 30% dry matter in concentrate diet for dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility in non-pregnant female Brahman beef cattle (bodyweight 256 ± 11.5 kg). Four cattle were randomly given four treatments in 4 × 4 Latin square design for 21-day period, including a control diet (without fermented cassava root). Cattle were fed rice straw as roughage. The results showed that while dry matter intake was not significantly different among dietary treatments, average dairy gain tended to increase when fermented cassava root was fed at 20% in the concentrate diet. There were no significant differences in nutrient digestibility among the dietary treatments. However, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility showed an increasing trend when fermented cassava root was fed to the cattle. Likewise, fermented cassava root showed no effect on rumen microbial population, although rumen bacterial population and microbial protein tended to increase with YEFECAR addition. It was concluded that yeast-fermented cassava root at 20% in concentrate feed tended to enhance rumen bacteria population and neutral detergent fibre digestibility in cattle.
Places where wildfire potential and social vulnerability coincide in the coterminous United States
Authors: Wigtil Gabriel , Hammer Roger B. , Kline Jeffrey D. , Mockrin Miranda H. , Stewart Susan I. , Roper Daniel , Radeloff Volker C.
Published: July 2016

The hazards-of-place model posits that vulnerability to environmental hazards depends on both biophysical and social factors. Biophysical factors determine where wildfire potential is elevated, whereas social factors determine where and how people are affected by wildfire. We evaluated place vulnerability to wildfire hazards in the coterminous US. We developed a social vulnerability index using principal component analysis and evaluated it against existing measures of wildfire potential and wildland–urban interface designations. We created maps showing the coincidence of social vulnerability and wildfire potential to identify places according to their vulnerability to wildfire. We found that places with high wildfire potential have, on average, lower social vulnerability than other places, but nearly 10% of all housing in places with high wildfire potential also exhibits high social vulnerability. We summarised our data by states to evaluate trends at a subnational level. Although some regions, such as the South-east, had more housing in places with high wildfire vulnerability, other regions, such as the upper Midwest, exhibited higher rates of vulnerability than expected. Our results can help to inform wildfire prevention, mitigation and recovery planning, as well as reduce wildfire hazards affecting vulnerable places and populations.
Macro-Level policy and Micro-Level planning
Authors: Barkhuizen Gary , Knoch Ute
Published: July 2016

This article reports on a study which investigated the language lives of Afrikaans-speaking South African immigrants in New Zealand. Particularly, it focuses on their awareness of and attitudes to language policy in both South Africa and New Zealand, and how these influence their own and their family’s language practices. Narrative interviews with 28 participants living in towns and cities across New Zealand reveal that while living in South Africa they were generally aware of macro-level language policies in the country, and were able to articulate how these policies influenced language practices at work and within their families. The absence of an explicit national language policy in New Zealand means that these immigrants, on arrival in New Zealand, base their understanding of the linguistic context in the country on the language practices that they observe in their day-to-day lives. It is these observations which guide their decision-making with regard to their own and their family’s language practices.
Exploring an approach for teaching subject specific genres in Chinese
Authors: Shum Mark Shiu Kee
Published: July 2016

This research seeks both to describe Chinese genres found in a range of school subjects and to develop models of pedagogical principles for their teaching. Thus far, most of the research has been devoted to the teaching of genres for first and second language teaching, though there is a developing interest in research into the teaching of genres in teaching English as a foreign language. There is a need to develop genre-based research in languages other than English, in order to test the application of the theory to non-English speaking contexts. This paper reports on an approach to the study of Chinese genres for examination purposes, developed in Hong Kong, where, since 1997, official support has been given to the use of Chinese as a medium of instruction. The study is not yet completed, though there is some encouraging evidence that the genre-based approach is proving useful.
Community languages and Lote provision in Victorian Primary Schools
Authors: Slaughter Yvette , Hajek John
Published: July 2016

Primary school languages education continues to be a challenging issue for all states in Australia. In Victoria, LOTE study is provided at the primary level to address the needs of linguistically diverse communities, as well as to provide an enriching learning experience for monolingual speakers of English. The challenge remains to ensure that programs that are run are effective, address the needs of the community and are embraced as a valuable and enriching component of the school curriculum. This study looks at the provision of LOTE in 2003 in Victorian primary schools and in particular, through an analysis of the geographical location of community groups and primary LOTE programs, how effectively community needs are being met. We also analyse the nature of LOTE programs through an examination of teachers’ qualifications, time allotment and program type. Factors identified by some schools as impinging on LOTE study at the primary level, such as literacy concerns and multilingual diversity, will also be examined.
Classroom discourse in problem-based learning classrooms in the health sciences
Authors: Woodward-Kron Robyn , Remedios Louisa
Published: July 2016

Classroom discourse analysis has contributed to understandings of the nature of student-teacher interactions, and how learning takes place in the classroom; however, much of this work has been undertaken in teacher-directed learning contexts. Student-centred classrooms such as problem-based learning (PBL) approaches are increasingly common in professional disciplines such as the health sciences and medicine. With the globalisation of education, health science and medical education, PBL classrooms are often sites of considerable linguistic and cultural diversity, yet little is known from a classroom discourse perspective about the language demands of PBL. This paper examines the ways in which the students and tutor negotiate and construct meanings through language in one first year physiotherapy PBL tutorial at an Australian university, with a particular focus on the ways in which the discourse is regulated in a student-centred learning environment. The analysis of the classroom discourse is underpinned by Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics. The findings provide a description of the linguistic resources students draw on to co-construct and negotiate knowledge, as well as show how the tutor, with minimal strategic interventions, scaffolds the students’ learning. The findings also suggest that the PBL environment can be a challenging one for students whose cultural and language backgrounds are different from that of the classroom.
The Ideology of interculturality in Japanese language-in-education policy
Authors: Liddicoat Anthony J.
Published: July 2016

Language learning is frequently justified as a vehicle for promoting intercultural communication and understanding, and language-in-education policies have increasingly come to reflect this preoccupation in their rhetoric. This paper will examine the ways in which concepts relating to interculturality are constructed in Japanese language policy documents. It will explore in particular the ways in which ideologies of nationalism and Japanese identity have an impact on understandings of the nature and purpose of interculturality and how these are developed discursively in Japanese language-in-education policy documents. Language policies construct a discourse of interculturality which focuses on the development of a nationalistic adherence to a particular conceptualisation of Japanese identity, which is unique, homogenous, and monolithic. These themes will be discussed in the contexts of Japanese policy documents relating to foreign language teaching and Japanese language spread.
Girl – lass or curl?
Authors: Norrby Catrin Elisabeth , Håkansson Gisela
Published: July 2016

One of the ways to investigate the mental lexicon is to use word association tests. Empirical studies comparing associations by children and adults have indicated a tendency for children to give syntagmatic responses, whereas adults give paradigmatic responses. In order to investigate lexical development in L2 acquisition of Swedish we collected data from two groups of students, one in MalmÖ, Sweden and one in Melbourne. Part of the Melbourne group also took the association test in their L1 six months later. Native speakers were used as a control group. The results demonstrate that learners in general tend to focus more on form than content compared to native speakers. This trend was particularly strong for the L2 group in Melbourne who also exhibited more variation in their responses compared to the L2 group in Sweden and the NS control group.
Troubled conception
Authors: May Marian
Published: July 2016

In the context of low fertility and Australia’s ageing population, a national longitudinal telephone survey,Negotiating the Life Course(NLC), asks women about their childbearing intentions. This paper uses conversation analysis (CA) to examine interaction between an interviewer and respondents on one NLC question about the likelihood of having children, Question 165. The analysis focuses on excerpts from troubled interviews, making transparent the task of negotiating responses acceptable to the interviewer and shedding light on problems inherent in the question for older women and women for whom prediction is difficult. Analysis shows the trouble to result from lack of congruence in the purposes of the researcher and the respondent: the researcher asks about likelihood, whereas the respondent tells her own story.
A Toddler’s treatment of MM and MM HM in talk with a parent
Authors: Filipi Anna
Published: July 2016

The study to be reported in this paper examined the work accomplished bymmandmm hmin the interactions of a parent and his daughter aged 0;10–2;0. Using the findings of Gardner (2001) for adults, the analysis shows thatmmaccomplished a range of functions based on its sequential placement and prosodic features, whereasmm hmwas much more restricted to its use as a continuer. The principal concern of the study, however, was to investigate how the child treated these tokens in next turn position. It was found that she was able to display her acceptance or rejection of the response and that she had acquired a stock of conversational resources to do so. Included in the stock were the ability to initiate self and other repair, to correct, and to initiate a new topic to mark completion of a sequence. It is argued that through these actions the child was offering a display of her understanding of sequential connections and appropriateness of fit, and importantly what she deemed to be a sufficient response. The paper ends with a discussion of the child’s emerging knowledge as it is revealed in the minutiae of interaction.
Resisting categorisation
Authors: Austin Helena , Fitzgerald Richard
Published: July 2016

In this paper we use membership category analysis to examine the way an interviewee utilises category work in order to resist the possible accusation of being a bad mother and instead posit her mothering as ordinary. Through our analysis we explore the interactional work of ascribing and resisting categorisation organised through claims and counter-claims making procedures routinely grounded in descriptions and accounts, and embedded in shifts between individual and categorial actions.
Community and culture in intercultural language learning
Authors: Scarino Angela
Published: July 2016

This paper addresses changing meanings attached to the concept of “community” in languages education in the school setting in Australia. The change consists of a shift from “community” as a necessary definitional category, created in the mid 1970s to mark the recognition of languages other than English used in the Australian community, to a recognition, in the current context of increasing mobility of people and ideas, of the need to problematise the concept of “community” towards working with the complexity of the lived, dynamic languages and cultures in the repertoires of students. Intercultural language learning is discussed as a way of thinking about communities in languages education in current times.
Delivering subject choice and quality assurance in specialised disciplines
Authors: Dunne Kerry
Published: July 2016

Using a new model of subject delivery, the University of New England (UNE–Armidale, Australia) offers specialist subjects at partner or host institutions. The model is a modified version of distance education. It is designed to meet the needs of on-campus students who wish to study a subject that their university is unable to offer as a full internal program. Students are enrolled as students of the partner institution, but the content of the courses, the teaching and assessment are the responsibility of UNE staff. The model is attractive to students and to tertiary administrators of both the host and provider universities. For students the model offers greater subject choice and flexibility; for tertiary administrators at the host institution there is built-in quality assurance and continuity of subject offerings, and for UNE an opportunity to develop a new market for distance education and to ensure the survival of low enrolment specialist language subjects
Literacy skills of bachelor of education (primary) students
Authors: Thwaite Anne
Published: July 2016

This article describes a project which identified the skills and abilities in written literacy of preservice teachers, as well as their needs in this area. An intervention to address their needs is evaluated and its outcomes assessed, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results show that it is possible to improve these students’ literacy skills and awareness even with such a short intervention as is described here. However, the intervention was most successful in dealing with lower-level linguistic variables such as punctuation and spelling, in contrast to higher-level text and paragraph structures.
Multiple-response sequences in classroom talk
Authors: Ko Sungbae
Published: July 2016

This paper examines multiple-response sequences (MRSs), occurring in adult Korean TESOL classrooms, to show the responses produced by students in the language classroom are not always confined within the boundaries of a single response, but are likely to be seen as mutually orienting to, and collaborating to produce a comprehensible outcome to the sequence. To analyse and consider what types of multiple response (MR) can be identified, and how the different types occur within those MRSs, this study adopts Conversation Analysis principles. By using conversation analytic perspectives, this study identifies four major types of MR (identical, complementary, collaborative and competitive).
Clearing the air
Authors: Read John , Knoch Ute
Published: July 2016

As a result of investigations showing that communication problems can be a significant contributing factor to major aviation accidents, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established a set of Language Proficiency Requirements. All pilots and air traffic controllers engaged in international aviation must be certified by their national civil aviation authorities as meeting the requirements by March 2011. This has created a demand for tests designed to assess the speaking and listening skills of aviation personnel, and language testers have become involved as developers and evaluators of the various assessment instruments. The present paper gives an overview of the issues and introduces the themes discussed by the other contributors to this special issue of the journal, covering both the linguistic nature of aviation communication and more practical considerations in test design.
Understanding Aviation english as a Lingua Franca
Authors: Kim Hyejeong , Elder Catherine
Published: July 2016

Researchers exploring the use of language use in radiotelephony communication have tended to focus on the limitations of the non-native English user and the threats which their limited control of English may pose for aviation safety (e.g. Atsushi, 2003, 2004). Hence the recent International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) policy places the onus on non-native users to bring their English to an appropriate standard. The present paper argues that there is a need for a broader perspective on this issue and supports this case with reference to two sources of data: a) episodes of radiotelephony discourse recorded in two air traffic control centres in Korea exemplifying non-routine, abnormal and emergency situations involving NS of English and NNS from different language backgrounds, b) focus group and individual interviews with selected Korean aviation personnel eliciting their interpretations of these episodes and of issues in aviation English more generally. Findings suggest that responsibilities for communication problems in aviation English are distributed across NS and NNS users, and may be partly due to the absence of shared assumptions about efficient and appropriate communication practices in an environment where English is a lingua franca (ELF). Implications are drawn for the communication training of all aviation personnel, regardless of language background.
Planes, politics and oral proficiency
Authors: Moder Carol Lynn , Halleck Gene B.
Published: July 2016

This study investigates the variation in oral proficiency demonstrated by 14 Air Traffic Controllers across two types of testing tasks: work-related radio telephony-based tasks and non-specific English tasks on aviation topics. Their performance was compared statistically in terms of level ratings on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) scale. The results demonstrate significant differences in the performance of the test-takers across task types, differences that were not fully predictable across subjects. The differences between general English proficiency and specific purpose proficiency were even greater than those we would expect for other LSP situations. We discuss the implications of these findings for fairly and safely assessing Aviation English using ICAO standards in a politicized context.
An analysis of the quality of english testing for Aviation purposes in Finland
Authors: Huhta Ari
Published: July 2016

This article describes and analyses the development of a new test of aviation English by the Finnish Civil Aviation Authority (FCAA), as well as the overall situation in Finland as regards the testing of aviation English. The article describes the FCAA development project and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the new test and the whole testing system, often with reference to the framework of test usefulness proposed by Bachman and Palmer (1996). The quality of the overall system in Finland appears to be quite variable as it is based on the principle of decentralization, in which the FCAA evaluates and approves different tests to be used for certifying the English language skills of aviation personnel. On the other hand, the FCAA commissioned the creation of a test of its own, which appears to have certain strengths, but also has some flaws, such as a lack of systematic double rating of speaking and very little centralized monitoring of overall quality.
Metacognitive strategy teaching in the ESL oral classroom
Authors: Lam Wendy Y.K.
Published: July 2016

While strategy instruction research generally focuses on the effect of the teaching on learners’ use of the strategies targeted for instruction, the present study examines the ‘wash over’ effect on learners’ use of pre-existing, non-target strategies. The study involved a treatment class and a comparison class in the ESL oral classroom in Hong Kong. A quasi-experimental design was adopted in which the treatment class received metacognitive strategy instruction to enhance students’ ability to manage English group discussion tasks. A data collection method comprising observations and stimulated recall interviews that aimed to tap respectively overt strategy use and covert strategic thoughts was employed. The findings indicate that, for the treatment class, while there seemed to be no ‘wash over’ effect from target to non-target strategies in the frequency of use of the whole sample of non-target strategies over time, there were increases in the frequency of use of individual, non-target strategies that were pertinent to the specific nature of small group discussion tasks. The findings are discussed with respect to the differential and desirable effects of the strategy teaching and to the relationship between task type and strategy choice. Implications for strategy instruction will also be drawn.
Applied linguistics in its disciplinary context
Authors: Liddicoat Anthony J.
Published: July 2016

Australia’s current attempt to develop a process to evaluate the quality of research (Excellence in Research for Australia – ERA) places a central emphasis on the disciplinary organisation of academic work. This disciplinary focus poses particular problems for Applied Linguistics in Australia. This paper will examine Applied Linguistics in relation to this issue of discipline in two ways. First, it will examine ways in which Applied Linguistics has articulated for itself its disciplinary nature. In most formulations of the focus of Applied Linguistics, the emphasis has not been on identifying a discipline, but rather on identifying an area of focus. Such formulations necessarily cover a very diverse range of research methods, theories, etc. This approach can be seen as one of emphasising diversity and breadth within the field. Other attempts have been made to characterise Applied Linguistics in more discipline-like terms. Such broad characterisations however conceal a high degree of internal diversity. Applied Linguistics does not appear to be a ‘discipline’ but rather an interdisciplinary field of enquiry. Second, the paper will examine some possible implications of the diversity of Applied Linguistics for how it is positioned through the ERA process.
Rehearsing, conversing, working it out
Authors: Tognini Rita , Philp Jenefer , Oliver Rhonda
Published: July 2016

This paper reports on a study of peer interaction in ten foreign language (FL) classes, six secondary and four primary, over a period of four months. The focus of this paper is the nature of peer interaction, including the purposes of second language use, and language choice. The data, comprising observation, audio and video recordings of five lessons from each of the classes, and interviews with learners, indicates multiple uses peers make of their time together, and different potential outcomes for learning. The findings suggest second language use varies in purpose and includes both formulaic pattern practice and communication of new information or ideas, and at the same time creates a context for the co-construction of language and a grappling with form-meaning connections in the target language. By exploring peer interaction as a context for second language use and development, this research brings together different perspectives on interaction and second language acquisition and builds on recent calls for a greater awareness of the interdependence of social and cognitive factors in the process of language learning.
Afrikaans language maintenance in Australia
Authors: Hatoss Anikó , Starks Donna , Janse van Rensburg Henriette
Published: July 2016

Changes in the political climate in the home country have resulted in the emigration of South Africans to English speaking countries such as Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Despite the scale of movement of the South African population, language maintenance in these diasporic contexts has received little consideration. This paper presents a description of an Australian Afrikaans-speaking community in the small Queensland city of Toowoomba. The study shows a high degree of bilingualism amongst the first generation Afrikaans community but also shows incipient signs of language shift within the home and a weak connection between language and identity.
Evaluating locally-developed language testing
Authors: Cope Nicholas
Published: July 2016

The study reported here investigates the predictive validity of language assessments by ‘Direct Entry’ programs at an Australian University – programs developed on site for Non English Speaking Background international students, principally to provide (i) pre-entry academic and language preparation and (ii) language assessment for university admissions purposes. All 138 students in the sample had entered degree studies via one of the three programs that made up the locally-developed Direct Entry pathway. Inferential statistics (correlation and regression) showed the assessments awarded by two programs to satisfactorily predict academic outcomes, while predictive validity for one was not demonstrated. Descriptive statistics (mean pass rates and academic averages) then revealed a pattern of relatively poor academic performance in certain university disciplines to which particular Direct Entry programs were dedicated. Informed by principles of language program evaluation, the study’s outcomes were seen as both summative and formative: remedial strategies are accordingly recommended. While the specific relevance of the study’s findings is to the particular institutional context in which the study was conducted, the study instantiates a perspective on language assessment validation of broader relevance in an Australian context where locally-developed Direct Entry programs – about which the research literature is largely silent – are increasingly widespread.
The changing face of motivation
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth , Storch Neomy
Published: July 2016

Motivation to learn a second language (L2) is considered a crucial individual factor in explaining success or lack thereof in second language learning. This study examined learners’ motivation to learn Chinese as a second language (L2). The study was longitudinal and cross-sectional. Interviews were conducted with learners at different year levels over the course of a university semester to analyse motivation to choose a particular L2, how motivation changes over time, and factors contributing to that change. The study found that motivation is diverse, complex, and undergoes many fluctuations. Motivation to begin language study was related to both past L2 learning experiences and personal goals. Once language study began, factors related to the learning environment were the most important factors to impact on motivation, and were also most likely to demotivate learners. However, when learners had a clear future image of themselves as speakers of the L2, they were able to continue motivating themselves, regardless of the demotivation stemming from their learning environment. These findings lend some support for Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) L2 Motivational Self-System theory, which highlights the importance of the ideal L2 self as a powerful motivator to learn an L2.
Vocabulary learning
Authors: Dibaj Farzad
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to compare the vocabulary learning of monolingual learners of English as a second language with bilingual learners of English as a third language. The study is based on data from 52 monolingual Persian-speaking learners of English and 45 bilingual Azeri-Persian-speaking learners of English. All the participants were females studying English as a foreign language at two universities in Iran. The informants were exposed to two incidental and four intentional vocabulary learning exercises. They were then measured at four difficulty levels using the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (Paribakht & Wesche, 1997). Variables such as English language proficiency, intelligence, family educational background, gender, age and type of university were controlled. The third language learners outperformed their second language counterparts at all word difficulty levels. The findings are discussed in relation to bilinguals’ higher level of executive and inhibitory control.
Scaffolding during the formal assessment of young EAL learners
Authors: Booth Dawn
Published: July 2016

Despite growing interest in the theorisation of teacher-based assessment (TBA), very little research has paid close attention to how teachers practice assessment embedded in real classroom contexts. This longitudinal study over one school term reports on the TBA of young learners with English as an additional language (EAL) in New Zealand primary schools. Taking a grounded, emic, inductive approach, using teacher logs, classroom observations and interviews, four language support teachers and one classroom teacher across three schools were observed assessing the language abilities of six EAL students. The results of this study identify five key strategies used by teachers to scaffold students at the implementation stage of the assessment process in relation to different summative and formative purposes of assessment. It suggests ways in which scaffolding may prove crucial to the effective implementation of assessing the complex needs of L2 learners and confirms how scaffolding may play an important role in identifying a learner’s potential. This study particularly highlights the need for clear communication between home class and L2 teachers, especially at the planning and monitoring stages of the assessment process where results may be used by different stakeholders for different purposes.
Focus on the forms
Authors: Harrington Michael , Jiang Wenying
Published: July 2016

This study examines the effect of recognition-based retrieval practice on vocabulary learning in a university Chinese class. Students (N=26) were given practice retrieving new vocabulary (single or two-character words) in a series of simple form recognition tests administered over four weeks. The test sets consisted of target vocabulary that appeared in the previous week’s lesson and distracter items drawn from upcoming vocabulary. Tests were group-administered via PowerPoint and students used a checklist response to indicate whether a given item had appeared in the previous week’s material. Responses relied on episodic knowledge of previous exposure and required no processing of semantic information. Students were able to reliably identify the target items in the retrieval task with performance on these items being found superior to that for supplementary list control words on midterm and final vocabulary tests. The findings indicate that a focus on word forms can have a measurable effect on vocabulary learning in the classroom and underscores the efficacy of retrievalbased testing (the testing effect, Barcroft, 2007; Roediger & Karpicke, 2006) in facilitating vocabulary learning. The implications for recognition-based retrieval practice in vocabulary instruction in the Chinese classroom are discussed.