bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular Complications of Facial Burns in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Ridelman Elika , Teitelbaum Abigail , Craig Annmarie , Segar Sharmila , Bohra Lisa , Shanti Christina
Published: April 2023

Pediatric ocular burns carry a risk of permanent vision impairment. This study identifies risk factors that place these patients at high risk of permanent visual complications. A retrospective review was conducted in our academic urban pediatric burn center. All 300 patients under 18 years of age admitted from January 2010 to December 2020 with periorbital or ocular thermal injuries were included. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, burn characteristics, ophthalmology consultation, ocular exam findings, follow up time period, and early and late ocular complications. Etiologies of burn injuries were as follows: 112 (37.5%) scald, 80 (26.8%) flame, 35 (11.7%) contact, 31 (10.4%) chemical, 28 (9.4%) grease, and 13 (4.3%) friction. Overall, 207 (70.9%) patients with ocular burns received an ophthalmology consult. Of these patients, 61.5% had periorbital cutaneous burns and 39.8% had corneal injuries, and only 61 (29.5%) presented for a follow-up visit. Ultimately, six had serious ocular sequelae, including ectropion, entropion, symblepharon, and corneal decompensation. While thermal burns involving the ocular surface and eyelid margins are relatively infrequent overall, they carry a small risk of serious to long-term sequelae. Recognizing those at greatest risk, and initiating appropriate early intervention is critical.
Three-dimensional visualization of plant tissues and organs by X-ray micro–computed tomography
Authors: Karahara Ichirou , Yamauchi Daisuke , Uesugi Kentaro , Mineyuki Yoshinobu
Published: April 2023

Studies visualizing plant tissues and organs in three-dimension (3D) using micro–computed tomography (CT) published since approximately 2015 are reviewed. In this period, the number of publications in the field of plant sciences dealing with micro-CT has increased along with the development of high-performance lab-based micro-CT systems as well as the continuous development of cutting-edge technologies at synchrotron radiation facilities. The widespread use of commercially available lab-based micro-CT systems enabling phase-contrast imaging technique, which is suitable for the visualization of biological specimens composed of light elements, appears to have facilitated these studies. Unique features of the plant body, which are particularly utilized for the imaging of plant organs and tissues by micro-CT, are having functional air spaces and specialized cell walls, such as lignified ones. In this review, we briefly describe the basis of micro-CT technology first and then get down into details of its application in 3D visualization in plant sciences, which are categorized as follows: imaging of various organs, caryopses, seeds, other organs (reproductive organs, leaves, stems and petioles), various tissues (leaf venations, xylems, air-filled tissues, cell boundaries, cell walls), embolisms and root systems, hoping that wide users of microscopes and other imaging technologies will be interested also in micro-CT and obtain some hints for a deeper understanding of the structure of plant tissues and organs in 3D. Majority of the current morphological studies using micro-CT still appear to be at a qualitative level. Development of methodology for accurate 3D segmentation is needed for the transition of the studies from a qualitative level to a quantitative level in the future.
Primary tuberculous otomastoiditis complicated with Bezold’s, postauricular, and subdural abscesses: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Aljehani Nawaf , Alzailaie Abdulazeez , Nassar Jihad
Published: April 2023

Primary tuberculous otomastoiditis is a rare condition. Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid part of the temporal bone that often happens as a complication of otitis media. The spread of infection from the middle ear and mastoid to adjacent structures might result in rare but serious complications. We present a case of an 8-year-old female with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media and foul-smelling yellowish discharge with hearing loss. Imaging revealed multiple abscesses. Intraoperatively, samples were taken from the abscesses and sent for complete analysis revealing a tuberculous infection. A diagnosis of primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) otomastoiditis was made using MTB polymerase chain reaction from the Bezold’s abscess. The patient was started on anti-MTB therapy. Follow-up imaging showed resolution of abscesses and otomastoiditis. An indolent course of otitis media along with poor response to conventional antibiotics regimen should raise the suspicion of rare and unusual infectious etiologies.
Giant aneurysm arising from a cortical middle cerebral artery branch presenting as an extra-axial tumour: a case report
Authors: Jain Swati , Paschalis Thanasis , Das Tilak , Helmy Adel
Published: April 2023

The size and anatomical complexity make giant intracranial aneurysms challenging surgical lesions. There is limited literature available for those arising from distal branches. The cases that have been reported in the literature have all presented with symptoms from a rupture leading to an intracranial haemorrhage. In this case report, the authors present a case of a giant aneurysm arising from a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery presenting as an extra-axial tumour. A 76-year-old gentleman presented with a 2-day history of subjective left arm numbness. Imaging revealed a large conical right-sided parietal lesion. Intraoperatively, it was found that the lesion was being supplied by a single vascular pedicle. Histology was consistent with an aneurysm. In this case, that patient did not have any evidence of a rupture unlike all reported cases of cortical giant aneurysms. This case highlights the myriad location and presentation of giant intracranial aneurysms.
The many beginnings of Operation Sophia: international law and literature in the governance of the EU
Authors: Vos Renske
Published: April 2023

Borrowing from literary studies, this article revisits a series of interviews conducted with EU officials who narrated many beginnings of an EU military counter-migrant smuggling operation. The article asks what these many beginnings do together. It argues they together constitute a mode of (un)governance geared towards leaving open maximum room for manoeuvre.
Assessing Cognitive-Motor Interference in Military Contexts: Validity and Reliability of Two Dual-tasking Tests
Authors: Gattoni Chiara , Martinez-Gonzalez Borja , Li Caroline , Marcora Samuele Maria
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Cognitive-motor interference is the decrease in cognitive performance and/or physical performance occurring when a cognitive task and a physical task are performed concurrently (dual task) compared to when they are performed in isolation (single task). The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity and test–retest reliability of two cognitive-motor interference tests in military contexts.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-two soldiers, officers, and cadets performed a 10-min loaded marching, a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and the two tasks combined (visit 1). During visit 2, a 5-min running time trial, a 5-min Word Recall Task, and the two tasks combined. These tests were repeated by 20 participants after 2 weeks (visits 3 and 4).

Results

Significant impairments were shown on both running distance (P < .001) and number of words recalled (P = .004) in the dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition. Significantly shorter step length (P < .001) and higher step frequency (P < .001) were found during the loaded marching in the dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition. No significant differences were observed in mean reaction time (P = .402) and number of lapses (P = .479) during the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Good-to-excellent reliability was found for all the cognitive and physical variables in both single- and dual-task conditions, except for the number of lapses.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the Running + Word Recall Task test is a valid and reliable dual-tasking test that could be used to assess cognitive-motor interference in military contexts.
Comparative analysis of three families of hygrophilid snails shows that the egg mass fluid protein haemocyanin-like 1 (Hcl-1) is unique to planorbids
Authors: Peña Janeth J , Loker Eric S , Adema Coen M
Published: April 2023

The egg mass fluid (EMF) of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Hygrophila: Planorbidae) contains haemocyanin-like 1 (Hcl-1) protein, distinct from respiratory haemocyanins. The distribution of Hcl-1 was investigated among major families of Hygrophila, Physidae and Lymnaeidae, both of which employ respiratory haemocyanins, and Planorbidae, a group that evolved haemoglobin as a respiratory pigment. Immunoblotting detected c. 150 kDa protein (molecular weight of Hcl-1) cross-reactive with anti-keyhole limpet haemocyanin antiserum in the EMF of planorbids Bulinus globosus and Planorbella duryi (from a genus closely related to Biomphalaria), but not Physella acuta (Physidae) and Ladislavella elodes (Lymnaeidae). High throughput sequence data revealed Hcl-1 homologs from Bulinus globosus and Planorbella duryi, representative species that span the range of planorbid phylogeny, but not from Physella acuta (Physidae) and Lymnaea stagnalis (Lymnaeidae). A domain architecture comprising only three functional units (FUs) and predicted secondary structures within the C-terminal FU distinguish planorbid Hcl-1 protein from molluscan respiratory haemocyanins that are natively assembled as functional didecamers. Immunoblotting confirmed a monomeric configuration of native Hcl-1. Molecular clock analysis estimated divergence of Hcl-1 proteins from gastropod respiratory haemocyanins at 267 ± 143 Ma. It is hypothesized that Hcl proteins originated in the ancestor of the planorbid lineage when evolution of respiratory haemoglobin altered selective pressures for maintaining original function, facilitating mutation and refunctionalization of the ancestral respiratory haemocyanin in Planorbidae.
Nonlinear brain correlates of trait self-boundarylessness
Authors: Lindström Lena , Goldin Philippe , Mårtensson Johan , Cardeña Etzel
Published: April 2023

Alterations of the sense of self induced by meditation include an increased sense of boundarylessness. In this study, we investigated behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of trait self-boundarylessness during resting state and the performance of two experimental tasks. We found that boundarylessness correlated with greater self-endorsement of words related to fluidity and with longer response times in a math task. Boundarylessness also correlated negatively with brain activity in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus during mind-wandering compared to a task targeting a minimal sense of self. Interestingly, boundarylessness showed quadratic relations to several measures. Participants reporting low or high boundarylessness, as compared to those in between, showed higher functional connectivity within the default mode network during rest, less brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex during self-referential word processing, and less self-endorsement of words related to constancy. We relate these results to our previous findings of a quadratic relation between boundarylessness and the sense of perspectival ownership of experience. Additionally, an instruction to direct attention to the centre of experience elicited brain activation similar to that of meditation onset, including increases in anterior precentral gyrus and anterior insula and decreases in default mode network areas, for both non-meditators and experienced meditators.
Synthetic red supergiant explosion model grid for systematic characterization of Type II supernovae
Authors: Moriya Takashi J , Subrayan Bhagya M , Milisavljevic Dan , Blinnikov Sergei I
Published: April 2023

A new model grid containing 228016 synthetic red supergiant explosions (Type II supernovae) is introduced. Time evolution of spectral energy distributions from 1 to 50000 Å (100 frequency bins in a log scale) is computed at each time step up to 500 d after explosion in each model. We provide light curves for the filters of Vera C, Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), the Zwicky Transient Facility, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, but light curves for any photometric filters can be constructed by convolving any filter response functions to the synthetic spectral energy distributions. We also provide bolometric light curves and photosphere information such as photospheric velocity evolution. The parameter space covered by the model grid is five progenitor masses (10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 M$_{\odot}$ at the zero-age main sequence, solar metallicity), ten explosion energies (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 × 1051 erg), nine 56Ni masses (0.001, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M$_{\odot}$), nine mass-loss rates (10−5.0, 10−4.5, 10−4.0, 10−3.5, 10−3.0, 10−2.5, 10−2.0, 10−1.5, and 10−1.0 M$_{\odot}$ yr−1 with a wind velocity of 10 km s−1), six circumstellar matter radii (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 × 1014 cm), and ten circumstellar structures (β = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0). 56Ni is assumed to be uniformly mixed up to the half-mass of a hydrogen-rich envelope. This model grid can be a base for rapid characterizations of Type II supernovae with sparse photometric sampling expected in LSST through a Bayesian approach, for example. The model grid is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pnvx0k6sj.
Thermodynamics of Brans–Dicke–BTZ black holes coupled to conformal-invariant electrodynamics
Authors: Dehghani M
Published: April 2023

The field equations of Brans–Dicke conformal-invariant theory in (2+1)-dimensions are highly nonlinear and difficult to solve directly. They are related to those of Einstein–dilaton theory, where the solutions can be obtained easily, by use of a mathematical tool known as the conformal transformation. The exact solutions of three-dimensional Brans–Dicke theory, which are obtained from their Einstein-dilaton counterparts, give two novel classes of conformal-invariant black holes. When the scalar potential is absent (or is considered constant) in the action, it has been shown that the exact solution of this theory is just the conformal-invariant BTZ black hole with a trivial constant scalar field. This issue corresponds to the four-dimensional Brans–Dicke–Maxwell theory discussed in Ref. [R.-G. Cai, Y. S. Myung, Phys. Rev. D 56, 3466 (1997)]. The Brans–Dicke conformal-invariant black holes’ thermodynamic quantities have been calculated by use of the appropriator methods, and it has been shown that they satisfy the first law of black hole thermodynamics in its standard form. The thermal stability of Brans–Dicke black holes has been studied by use of the canonical ensemble method and noting the signature of the black holes’ heat capacity.
Income Growth and the Distributional Effects of Urban Spatial Sorting
Authors: Couture Victor , Gaubert Cecile , Handbury Jessie , Hurst Erik
Published: April 2023

We explore the impact of rising incomes at the top of the distribution on spatial sorting patterns within large U.S. cities. We develop and quantify a spatial model of a city with heterogeneous agents and non-homothetic preferences for neighbourhoods with endogenous amenity quality. As the rich get richer, demand increases for the high-quality amenities available in downtown neighbourhoods. Rising demand drives up house prices and spurs the development of higher quality neighbourhoods downtown. This gentrification of downtowns makes poor incumbents worse off, as they are either displaced to the suburbs or pay higher rents for amenities that they do not value as much. We quantify the corresponding impact on well-being inequality. Through the lens of the quantified model, the change in the income distribution between 1990 and 2014 led to neighbourhood change and spatial resorting within urban areas that increased the welfare of richer households relative to that of poorer households, above and beyond rising nominal income inequality.
Affective evaluation of errors and neural error processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Balzus Luisa , Jüres Franziska , Kathmann Norbert , Klawohn Julia
Published: April 2023

Even though overactive error monitoring, indexed by enhanced amplitudes of the error-related negativity (ERN), is a potential biomarker for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the mechanisms underlying clinical variations in ERN amplitude remain unknown. To investigate whether ERN enhancement in OCD results from altered error evaluation, we examined the trial-wise valence evaluation of errors and its relation to the ERN in 28 patients with OCD and 28 healthy individuals. Electroencephalogram was recorded during an affective priming paradigm in which responses in a go/no-go task were followed by valence-based word categorization. Results indicated that errors were followed by faster categorization of negative than positive words, confirming that negative valence is assigned to errors. This affective priming effect was reduced in patients with OCD, while go/no-go performance was comparable between groups. Notably, this reduction amplified with increasing symptom severity. These results suggest attenuated affective error evaluation in OCD, possibly resulting from interfering effects of anxiety. There was no evidence for a trial-level association between valence evaluation and ERN, implying that ERN amplitude does not reflect valence assignment to errors. Consequently, altered error monitoring in OCD may involve alterations in possibly distinct processes, with weaker assignment of negative valence to errors being one of them.
Latinxs and Racial Frames: The Evolution of Settler Colonial Ideologies in New Mexico
Authors: Salgado Casandra D
Published: April 2023

I leverage the case of Nuevomexicanos, New Mexico’s long-standing Mexican American population, to extend our understanding of how legacies of Spanish and American conquest—that is, double colonization—can inform Latinxs’ understandings of discrimination and race. I show that while most Nuevomexicanos reported experiences with discrimination, they often minimized their racialized experiences because such instances were incompatible with the idea that living in a Hispanic-majority state sheltered them from racism. The Hispanic-majority frame was often paired with rationales that addressed spatial comparisons, cultural diversity or class inequality to deflect race. Nuevomexicanos struggled with viewing themselves as a low-status group due to their substantial representation in New Mexico yet still managing White racism. I argue that Nuevomexicanos’ race-minimizing frames parallel strategies that date back to Spanish colonization to leverage whiteness in order to contest discrimination. Nuevomexicanos race-minimizing claims, therefore, embody resistance strategies to claim equality with Whites. This study details how double colonization and region reflect variations in Latinxs’ conceptions of race.
Skills for future equine sports rehabilitation careers
Authors: Reed Sarah A , Streff Lisa N
Published: April 2023

The field of equine sports medicine and rehabilitation provides a career opportunity for students interested in remaining in the horse industry but not focused on a career as a veterinarian. However, throughout the United States, there are limited educational opportunities for undergraduate students to prepare for this career. The objective of this work was to determine what skills and theoretical knowledge professionals in the equine rehabilitation industry deemed most useful for employment in the equine rehabilitation industry, and, using that information, develop a curriculum to meet these industry needs. To meet this objective, a Qualtrics survey was distributed through email and social media to veterinarians, veterinary professionals, rehabilitation service providers, and horse owners. In addition to demographics, the survey asked respondents to list practical skills and theoretical knowledge that are essential for professionals in the equine rehabilitation industry. The majority of the 117 respondents (84%) were located in the United States, with the remainder from Canada (5%), the United Kingdom (5%), and several other countries. Eighteen percent of respondents were veterinarians, 26% owned or managed rehabilitation facilities, 8.5% were veterinary technicians, and the remainder were horse owners, rehabilitation service providers, and others. Horse handling skills (19%) and communication skills (18%) were the most commonly listed practical skills deemed essential for rehabilitation professionals. Of the theoretical skills, evaluation of lameness (29.5%), anatomy (31%), and fundamentals of equine reconditioning programs (32%) were deemed equally important for rehabilitation professionals. These data were used to design a minor in Equine Sports Rehabilitation that incorporated fundamental knowledge in lameness evaluation and rehabilitation methods as well as significant hands-on opportunities with rehabilitating horses and communicating about rehabilitation methods and progress with clients.
Organizing School-to-Work Transition Research from a Sustainable Career Perspective: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Blokker Rowena , Akkermans Jos , Marciniak Julian , Jansen Paul G W , Khapova Svetlana N
Published: April 2023

A successful school-to-work transition is crucial to an individual’s initial entry into the labor market and overall sustainable career development. Scholarly interest in how emerging adults (i.e., late teens to late 20s) can achieve a successful transition to work has grown considerably, stemming from various disciplines, such as educational sciences, psychology, sociology, and economics. These disciplines have all produced valuable knowledge, yet, they mostly exist as separate silos, without clear integration. To create an overview of the literature, we systematically reviewed school-to-work transition literature and used a sustainable career lens to organize it. Based on 365 articles from the past 28 years, our review findings show that there are different conceptual and theoretical approaches to studying school-to-work transitions. We subsequently organize these perspectives into antecedents categorized into the sustainable career perspective’s person, context, and time dimensions. Moreover, we categorize school-to-work transition outcomes as proximal and more distal outcomes related to happiness, health, and productivity indicators. Finally, we reflect on the implications of our review article and suggest ways forward for conceptualizing and theorizing modern school-to-work transitions, along with an agenda for future research.
Genome Sequence Resource of a Colletotrichum graminicola Field Strain from China
Authors: Shi Xuetao , Xia Xinyao , Mei Jie , Gong Ziwen , Zhang Junqi , Xiao Yutao , Duan Canxing , Liu Wende
Published: April 2023

The maize anthracnose stalk rot and leaf blight diseases caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola is emerging as an important threat to corn production worldwide. In this work, we provide an improved genome assembly of a C. graminicola strain (TZ-3) by using the PacBio Sequel II and Illumina high-throughput sequencing technologies. The genome of TZ-3 consists of 36 contigs with a length of 59.3 Mb. After correction and evaluation with the Illumina sequencing data and BUSCO, this genome showed a high assembly quality and integrity. Gene annotation of this genome predicted 11,911 protein-coding genes, among which 983 secreted protein-coding genes and 332 effector genes were predicted. Compared with previous genomes of C. graminicola strains, TZ-3 genome is superior in nearly all parameters. The genome assembly and annotation will enhance our knowledge of the genetic makeup of the pathogen and molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity and will provide valuable insights into genome variation across different regions.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Healthcare is not about health
Authors: Woolliscroft James O. , Gruppen Larry D. , Markovac Jasna , Meehan Edward F.
Published: April 2023

Initiatives designed to reduce the disease burden and improve the health of the US population that focus on increasing access to health care have been disappointing. Progress requires multifaceted change. We must first acknowledge that the healthcare system is focused on reversing or modifying disease, not enhancing health. Our conceptualization of the development of ill health and disease must also change. Scientific advances are clarifying the complex interactions among the development of ill health and disease and an individual's behaviors, their microbiota, and their physical, social, and emotional environments. A person's genetic makeup predisposes them to a wide array of disease conditions but is rarely deterministic in and of itself. Factors extrinsic to the individual, including the social determinants of health, play a major role in disease development, often decades later. The complexity of health and disease requires a “team” accountable for the health of our populations, and these teams must be expanded beyond the medical professions. Governmental officials, architects, business leaders, civic organizations, social and neighborhood groups are among the key stakeholders on the health side of the equation. If and when disease does become manifest, then the care part of the healthcare system assumes the larger role. This has major implications for the education of our clinically focused health science students, but also of professional disciplines previously deemed peripheral to health. Simply redoubling our efforts and focusing on our current healthcare system is insufficient to make progress in the health of the populace. One example of a multipronged approach in Allentown, PA is explored in depth.
2. Hypertension, a Major Risk Factor Doubles Arthritis Odds in Indonesian Elderly Population
Authors: Laman Hugo Julio , Handajani Yvonne Suzy , Turana Yuda
Published: April 2023

Background: Arthritis is a highly debilitating disease prevalent in the elderly population. Despite its comparable inflammatory pathophysiology, few studies especially in the Indonesian population have explored the links between arthritis and the ever-increasing metabolic syndrome.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between four metabolic syndrome components (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) and arthritis in the Indonesian elderly population.

Methods: Data are gathered from the fifth wave of Indonesian Family Life Survey fielded in 2014–2015. After sampling weight adjustments, 3493 respondents aged 60+ years fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Independent variables of interest are analyzed using Pearson chi-square (CI = 95%, p < 0.05) and logistic regression (CI = 95%, p < 0.05).

Result: The prevalence of arthritis in the sample population is 12.8%. The number of elderly with central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus is 44.1%, 28.4%, 8.2%, and 7.8% respectively. Multivariate analysis shows that baseline sample characteristics of female gender and low economic status, as well as three metabolic syndrome components obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia shows a significant association toward arthritis (p < 0.05). Hypertension poses the highest risk on arthritis out of all the variables analyzed in this study (OR 2.131; 95% CI 1.723 - 2.636).

Conclusion: A significant association is found between 3 out of the 4 metabolic syndrome components, namely obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia on arthritis. Thus, early and comprehensive treatment of these modifiable metabolic risk factors, especially hypertension, may help to lower arthritis rates in the elderly population in Indonesia.
13. Abnormal Cardiac Finding Increases Mortality Risk in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Lituhayu P.K. , Regina A. , Theno A.F. , Lamara A.D. , Saputra P.B.T. , Al-Farabi M.J. , Azmi Y. , Saputra M.E. , Oktaviono Y.H.
Published: April 2023

Background: The probability of in-hospital death was significantly higher in patients with hypertension, hence increasing the risk for severe clinical presentations of COVID-19.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether cardiac examination is correlated with increasing mortality risk among hypertensive COVID-19.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 406 patients with hypertension and confirmed COVID-19 in referral hospitals in East Java between March 2020 to April 2021. Clinical finding, electrocardiograph (ECG), laboratory and chest x-ray (CXR) findings are examined to predict mortality of the hypertensive COVID-19 patients.

Results: The median patient age was 57 years with range 49–64 years old, predominantly men 58.4%. The final model associated with an increase of mortality in hypertensive COVID-19 patients include cardiomegaly (p = 0.036), sinus tachycardia (p = 0.001), ST-segment abnormalities (p = 0.036), right bundle branch block (p = 0.008), left bundle branch block (p = 0.046), left ventricle hypertrophy (p = 0,023)., which were found to be significant predictors of mortality in hypertensive COVID-19 patients after the multivariable regression analysis.

Conclusion: We concluded that specific abnormal cardiac examination (cardiomegaly, tachycardia, ST Segment abnormalities, left ventricle hypertrophy, right and left bundle branch block) increase the mortality risk in hypertensive COVID-19 patients. Therefore, complete cardiac examination is important for hypertensive COVID-19 patients to determine prognosis.
15. Blood Pressure Action Sheet and Medication Adherence to Hypertension: A mixed-method study in Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahmawati Riana , Fauziyati Ana , Sholawati Aliza Ayu Puspita
Published: April 2023

Background: Adherence to medication is important for blood pressure control, which helps to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. The Blood Pressure Action Sheet (BPAS) was developed as a written material for supporting patients with hypertension.

Objectives: to evaluate whether the BPAS would help to improve patient adherence to antihypertension medication.

Methods: This was a mixed-method study; a pre–post interventional study was followed by a qualitative study to explore CHWs’ perspectives on the implementation of BPAS. Members of the Integrated Health Service Post for the Elderly (posyandu lansia), aged 45 years or older, and having stage 2 hypertension, were included in the study. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) questionnaire was applied.

Results: One hundred eight patients met the criteria for inclusion. Most were female (87%) and had a low education level. The average age was 67.2 ± 9.2 years. The MARS score was significantly higher after the intervention than before it (20.5 ± 3.4 vs 18.7 ± 4.5; p < 0.05). The percentages of patients categorized as completely adherent (score 24 or 25) were 11.9% before and 19.6% after the intervention. The percentages of non-adherent patients (score <20) decreased from 46.2% prior to the intervention to 21.6% three months later. CHWs perceived the BPAS as user friendly, useful, and applicable. The challenges for implementation relate to its use for illiterate patients.

Conclusion: The 3-month implementation of the BPAS improved patients’ adherence to antihypertension medication. Despite the positive findings, the adherence after the intervention was still not optimal.
18. Hypertension Profile in Visitors at World Hypertension day 2022, in Palu City, Central of Sulawesi
Authors: Montang Cynthia Fidelia , Chairiadi Venice , Jeremiah Praise , Hasanuddin
Published: April 2023

Background: Hypertension is a major risk that is influenced by life style. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 22% of the entire world's population lives with hypertension. Hypertension is a major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular disease and morbidity in worldwide. Hypertension in Palu City in 2020 is one of the top-ranked diseases.

Objective: To determine the risk factors of hypertension in visitors at World Hypertension Day 2022 in Palu city

Method: This study is a descriptive study and the data was collected qualitatively. The sample is taken from the visitors of World Hypertension Day in Palu city, 2022.

Results: In this study obtained 335 samples, 109 were male (32.5%), 226 were female (67.5%). And from the 335 samples, 60 people (18%) suffered from hypertension. And from 60 samples of hypertension patients, 4 (6.6%) had diabetes mellitus, 4 (6.6%) had dyslipidemia, 22 were smokers (36.6%) and 48 obese people (80%).

Conclusion: Obesity is the major risk factor for hypertension compared to other risk factors such as smoker, DM and dyslipidemia.
39. The Outcome of Prolanis (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis/Chronic Disease Management Program) in Jatirejo Primary Health Care
Authors: Arnindita Jannatin Nisa , Tri Saputra Pandit Bagus , Yolanda Sherly , Lamara Ariikah Dyah
Published: April 2023

Background: Indonesia is one of the fastest-aging countries. The increased elderly population carries the burden of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, along with their complications. The reinforcement of lifestyle changes has been promoted in primary healthcare through the Prolanis program to reduce these diseases’ burden, though its effectivity is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of the Prolanis program in Jatirejo Primary Healthcare.

Methods: In this study, 61 patients were recruited from November 2021 – April 2022. Data were obtained from medical records as pre- and post-follow-up in 6 months period. Data pre- and post-follow-up were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and dependent T-test.

Results: There were 64.52% patients with systolic hypertension. The median data of pre- and post- follow up showed that: HbA1C was 5.9% (range 3 – 13) and 6.3% (range 5 – 11) (p 0,959); BUN was 15,3 mg/dL (range 10 – 32) and 14,8 mg/dL (range 13 – 25) (p 0,638); serum creatinine was 0,8 mg/dL (range 0,4 – 3,1) and 1,2 mg/dL (range 0,7 – 2,6) (p 0,026); total cholesterol was 183 (range, 123 – 300) and 219 (range 179 – 231) (p 0,008); triglycerides was 133 (range 82 – 326) and 159 (range 135 – 394) (p 0,416); HDL was 40,65 SD ± 2 and 41 SD ± 2,3 (p 0,206); LDL was 117,5 SD ± 35 and 139,7 SD ± 20 (p 0,886); and urine microalbumin was 53 (range 5 – 200) and 63,5 (range 5 – 200) (p 0,721).

Conclusion: Improvement in patients’ outcomes has not been shown after Prolanis program. Further study with larger populations and more variables is needed.
41. Stage Of Hypertension And The Incident Of Atrial Fibrillation Among PROLANIS Community In Bandung, West Java
Authors: Fitriyani A.W. , Wijayanti S. , Qolbi H.H. , Fajarulhuda M. , Maulana A.R.
Published: April 2023

Background: The most important risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is hypertension. The 2017 AHA/ACC blood pressure classification system can identify adults risk for AF events. Little is known whether the newest hypertension classification by ISHG (International Society of Hypertension Global) 2020 is associated with incident of AF.

Objective: PROLANIS (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis) had been a program that held by Ministry of Health in Indonesia to manage hypertension. This analytical study is aimed to identify association between stage of hypertension by ISHG 2020 and incidents of AF among PROLANIS community in Bandung.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among PROLANIS community in Bandung. We performed blood pressure examination and recorded AF using six-leads FDA approved ECG mobile in twenty-one primary care during march-october 2022. There are 692 data were collected. Data was categorized as having grade 1 HT (n = 229) and grade 2 HT (n = 88).

Result: We found that 4.4% population (n = 14) with hypertension had recorded ECG of AF. Proportion of grade 2 HT was 4.5% (n = 4) which higher than AF in grade 1 HT (4.4%, n = 10). Two variables had been analyzed using Somers’D analysis and the result was there is no association between stage of hypertension and AF (Sig >0.05).

Conclusion: Stage of hypertension is not associated with the incident of AF among PROLANIS community in Bandung. Several studies have found that risk of developing AF persists even into the upper normal range of blood pressure. Further investigation is needed to describe characteristic of the population.
45. Blood Pressure Description in PROLANIS Community in Bandung, West Java
Authors: Qolbi H.H. , Fitriyani A.W. , Wijayanti S. , Fajarulhuda M. , Maulana A.R.
Published: April 2023

Background: 15% of the total cases of hypertension in West Java were found in Bandung. The prevention and management of hypertension are major public health challenges for Indonesia. The government had launched a chronic disease care program (PROLANIS) that designed to be done at primary health care with the aim to control hypertension for preventing the complication.

Objective: This research aims to describe the blood pressure (BP) in PROLANIS community in Bandung, West Java.

Method: A quantitative descriptive using non-analytic cross sectional study was carried out among PROLANIS community in Bandung. We performed BP examination in twenty-one primary care during March-October 2022. 853 data were collected and categorized based on the degree of hypertension by International Society of Hypertension 2020.

Result: The results showed that PROLANIS community in Bandung is dominated by women (74.3%) than men. The data was categorized as normal BP (n = 274), high to normal BP (n = 191), first degree hypertension (n = 283) and second degree hypertension (n = 105).

Conclusion: PROLANIS is expected to optimize the quality of life for chronic diseases patients and 75% of registered participants had a “good” result on specific examination for hypertension. But, this study showed that 45.5% of the patients did not achieve the target of BP. Most of them were in first degree hypertension (33.2%). This can be influenced by various factors, including the compliance of therapy, diet patterns, exercise, stress levels, and others. Further investigation is needed to find out the causes of BP in this population is not reaching the target.
48. Correlation of Hypertension and Hemoglobin Level in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Saputri D , AN Millatina , Rahayu FIS , Riestyaningrum R , Kusumarini P
Published: April 2023

Background: The Indonesian Kidney Registry in 2016 reported that 50% of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients had hypertension. Controlled blood pressure in CKD patient can minimize the risk of further complications, including anemia.

Objective: To determine the relationship between hypertension and hemoglobin levels in CKD patients undergoing routine hemodialysis.

Method: This research is retrospective cohort study with purposive sampling method. The subject of this study is CKD patient who underwent routine hemodialysis and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were categorised into two groups, which is subject with controlled hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension. The subjects in this study were still given erythropoietin-stimulating agents. After one month of therapy, hemoglobin level of both groups was classified into three subgroups: increased hemoglobin level, constant hemoglobin level, and decreased hemoglobin level. The data obtained was analyzed with Somers’d test.

Result: Of the 129 patients underwent hemodialysis, we got 87 subjects which met all the study criteria. Of the 87 patients, 19 (22%) subjects have controlled hypertension with 5(26%) decrease of hamoglobin and 14 (74%) increase of hemoglobin 68 (78%) subjects uncontrolled hypertension with 33 (48%) decrase of hemoglobin, 3 (4%) no changes of hemoglobin, and 32 (47%) with increase hemoglobin. From the analysis, the p value = 0.044.

Conclusion: There is significant relationship between hypertension and hemoglobin level in CKD patients undergoing routine hemodialysis.
54. Global Assessment of Hypertension Management, Promotive to Curative – Lesson from Primary Health Care
Authors: Rizky Farizal , Saputri Faradila Budi , Izzati Nabila , Saputra Mahendra Eko
Published: April 2023

Background: Hypertension kills silently. Patients occasionally show no symptoms and are unaware of their disease, lowering compliance and increasing CVD risk. We offer a novel strategy for assessing hypertension therapy efficacy from preventive to curative. We were inspired by the tuberculosis indicator that necessitates long-term treatment. By viewing treatment as a whole, we were able to more precisely pinpoint the source of the problem more and implement beneficial interventions. We can determine patient treatment at the sub-district and national levels using this method.

Method: Our study was conducted at 5 Primary Healthcare Centers (Puskesmas) spread across East Java with patient data for January-December 2022. We measure five indicators for treating hypertension at the population level: (1)Case Detection Rate, (2)Treatment Coverage Rate, (3)Compliance Rate, (4)Treatment Succes Rate, and (5)Complication Rate. The data will be processed using descriptive statistics in R 4.2.2.

Result: We gathered 49,174 patients’ data from 5 Puskesmas, 1,790 patients diagnosed with hypertension. The CDR rate is low. Only 14.3% (CDR, 1,790 per 12,508) of the population estimated to have hypertension knew they had it. only 9.78% (TCR, 1,223 per 12,508) seek treatment at primary health facilities. And only 4.6% (CR, 575 per 12,508) was compliant in treatment. Low case detection and treatment coverage imply a lack of blood pressure check health promotion. The compliance rate demonstrates the significance of education in first-time patient therapy. Treatment Success Rate demonstrates the doctor's ability to assess the best drug for the patient.

Conclusion: With the world's highest increase in hypertension burden rate, Indonesia must take a comprehensive approach to deal with it. We recommend using epidemiological indicators to precisely and objectively.
59. Differential Profiles of Cortisol, Components of Autonomic Nervous System, and Self-Rated Health in Predicting Circadian Variability of Idiopathic Premature Ventricular Contraction Burden
Authors: Liman Novita Gemalasari , Siswanto Bambang Budi , Raharjo Sunu Budhi , Timan Ina Susianti , Suyatna Franciscus D. , Harris Salim , Prihartono Joedo , Siste Kristiana , Rohman Mohammad Saifur
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT: Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) patients exhibit specific circadian patterns, yet the lack of circadian rhythm increases the risk of cardiomyopathy. To fully understand the three types of PVC circadian rhythms, we must therefore understand the mechanism of circadian variability, not just of PVC burden. Reflecting on 65 idiopathic PVC patients collecting saliva for cortisol and norepinephrine levels three times daily, undergoing a 24-hour Holter examination, and reporting their morning, afternoon, and evening self-rated health scales; this paper indicates pathways in which psycho-neuro-endocrine physiology and circadian variability in frequency of PVC burden are embodied. Higher cortisol levels and lower parasympathetic nervous system tone are at higher risk of higher burden of fast-type idiopathic PVC. Lower cortisol levels and lower sympathetic nervous system tone are at higher risk of higher burden of slow-type idiopathic PVC. Higher cortisol levels and sympathetic nervous system tone as well as lower self-rated health scales are at higher risk of higher burden of independent-type idiopathic PVC.
Understanding arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Welkie Regina
Published: April 2023

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiac disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of myocardial tissue and is an important cause of ventricular dysrhythmias, ventricular dysfunction, and sudden cardiac death. The clinical course and genetics of this condition are highly variable, and definitive diagnosis can be challenging, despite published diagnostic criteria. Recognizing symptoms and risk factors for ventricular dysrhythmias is key to managing affected patients and family members. High-intensity and endurance exercise is widely known to increase disease expression and progression; however, a safe exercise regimen remains uncertain, and a personalized approach to management should be considered. This article reviews the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment considerations for ARVC.
Drugs in primary care that may alter COVID-19 risk and severity
Authors: Luu Brent , Wijesinghe Sampath , Kassem Tarek , Lien Justin , Luu Darrick , Wijesinghe Rynee , Luu Leianna , Kayingo Gerald
Published: April 2023

This article describes drugs used in primary care that could alter patients' risk for and severity of COVID-19. The risks and benefits of each drug class were differentiated according to the strength of evidence from 58 selected randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Most of the studies reported on drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Other classes included opioids, acid suppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, vitamins, biguanides, and statins. Current evidence has not fully differentiated drugs that may increase risk versus benefits in COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed in this area.
Role of Direct Supervision in the Learning Curve of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Surgery
Authors: Borgia Alfredo , Coco Giulia , Airaldi Matteo , Romano Davide , Pagano Luca , Semeraro Francesco , Menassa Nardine , Gadhvi Kunal A. , Kaye Stephen B. , Romano Vito
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to compare complication rates of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) performed by directly supervised and nondirectly supervised corneal fellows.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective, comparative case series of DMEK surgeries performed by novice surgeons (less than 15 DMEK cases) with or without direct direct expert supervision. Patients who underwent surgery for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with a minimum follow-up of 12 weeks were included. Data on patients’ demographics, surgical details, surgeon level, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and rate of rebubbling were collected.

Results:

In this study, 41 nondirectly supervised and 48 directly supervised DMEK surgeries were included. At 6 months, 67.4% of eyes achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of ≤0.3 logMAR with no significant difference between groups (P = 0.95). Intraoperative complications occurred in 22% of cases in the nondirect supervision group and 4.2% in the direct supervision group (P = 0.02). Postoperative complications occurred in 9.8% of cases in the nondirect supervision group and 6.2% of cases in the direct supervision group (P = 0.7). The rebubbling rate was comparable in the 2 groups (34.1% vs. 33.3%, P = 1.0). Five cases (12.2%), all from the nondirect supervision group, required secondary keratoplasty (P = 0.02). The overall complication rate was significantly higher in the nondirect supervision group (31.7% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Functional success can be achieved in directly supervised or nondirectly supervised DMEK surgery. However, nondirectly supervised DMEK surgery may associate with higher rates of complications.