bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of reference intervals for urinary steroid profiling using a newly validated GC-MS/MS method
Authors: de Jong Wilhelmina H.A. , Buitenwerf Edward , Pranger Alle T. , Riphagen Ineke J. , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. , Kerstens Michiel N. , Kema Ido P.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Urinary steroid profiling (USP) is a powerful diagnostic tool to asses disorders of steroidogenesis. Pre-analytical factors such as age, sex and use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) may affect steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. In general, USP reference intervals are not adjusted for these variables. In this study we aimed to establish such reference intervals using a newly-developed and validated gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection method (GC-MS/MS).

Methods:

Two hundred and forty healthy subjects aged 20–79 years, stratified into six consecutive decade groups each containing 20 males and 20 females, were included. None of the subjects used medications. In addition, 40 women aged 20–39 years using OCP were selected. A GC-MS/MS assay, using hydrolysis, solid phase extraction and double derivatization, was extensively validated and applied for determining USP reference intervals.

Results:

Androgen metabolite excretion declined with age in both men and women. Cortisol metabolite excretion remained constant during life in both sexes but increased in women 70–79 years of age. Progesterone metabolite excretion peaked in 30–39-year-old women and declined afterwards. Women using OCP had lower excretions of androgen metabolites, progesterone metabolites and cortisol metabolites. Method validation results met prerequisites and revealed the robustness of the GC-MS/MS method.

Conclusions:

We developed a new GC-MS/MS method for USP which is applicable for high throughput analysis. Widely applicable age and sex specific reference intervals for 33 metabolites and their diagnostic ratios have been defined. In addition to age and gender, USP reference intervals should be adjusted for OCP use.
Exploring maternal attitudes towards adolescent contraception: implications for use of LARC
Authors: O’Rourke-Suchoff Danielle K. , Arora Kavita S. , Hildebrand Vanessa M. , Singer Mendel E.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Maternal attitudes have been shown to impact adolescent girls’ sexual decision making and attitudes towards contraception. Given the potential for maternal influence on adolescent contraceptive use, we undertook an exploratory study of mothers’ perceptions of the maternal role in adolescent contraceptive decision making, and maternal perceptions of long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) for adolescent girls.

Materials and methods

We utilized a mixed methods study design. Acceptability of contraceptive methods and attitudes towards adolescent contraceptive use were assessed using a paper survey of 162 mothers of girls aged 11–19 years in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Seven survey participants completed subsequent semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using grounded theory methodology.

Results

Pills, condoms and injections were most frequently selected as acceptable by 55.4%, 55.4%, and 51.6% of women, respectively. One or more LARC methods were selected by 16.6% of the women. Of those (94.4%) agreed or strongly agreed that, “It is expected of me to make sure that my daughter knows about birth control methods.” Important themes that emerged during interviews were the responsibility mothers felt to help their daughters navigate contraception options, appreciation of the effectiveness of LARC methods and concerns about the use of those methods by teenagers due to the invasiveness.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that mothers want to be involved and support adolescent decision making about contraceptives. We also found that mothers viewed LARC as less acceptable than other forms of birth control for adolescents and have specific concerns about LARC. These results suggest directions for future work to better characterize the impact of maternal attitudes on adolescent LARC use.
Bicycle and helmet use of adolescents in Markham, Canada
Authors: Borean Michael , Ho Stephanie , Hollenberg Drew , Anpalagan Tharani , Rzepka Anna , Viehweger Jaclyn , Ho Christopher , Rigby Isaac , Chow Ronald
Published: June 2017

Bicycle crashes are the second most common sports- or recreation-associated cause of serious injury. While the literature suggests that wearing protective helmets can significantly decrease risks associated with bicycle-related injuries, overall helmet use remains sub-optimal. A recent study by Chow et al. suggested that helmet-wearing rates in adolescent boys are negatively correlated with age. The aim of this study was to determine if similar trends are observed in a co-educational high school setting. A questionnaire was circulated at Unionville High School, a co-ed public high school in Markham, Canada. Of the 144 participants, 27 of them were in Grade 9 or 10, and 117 of them were in Grade 11 or 12. While there was no statistical difference between helmet-wearing rates in Grade 9–10 and Grade 11–12 students, overall usage rates were low (41% and 38%, respectively, for recreational cyclists). This trend is interesting, considering that nearly 90% of all students were aware that wearing a helmet while cycling is required under Ontario law. Further studies should be conducted among the young adult population to determine whether the alarming trends discovered by this study and Chow et al. continue.
Pubertal gynecomastia: years of progress – the Hacettepe experience
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Derman Orhan , Kanbur Nuray
Published: June 2017

Gynecomastia is defined as an enlargement of the male breast. Although it is commonly seen during puberty, it is often overlooked by many physicians. As adolescent medicine specialists, we believe there is a gap in the literature concerning both the etiology and maybe more importantly the care of these adolescents. Thus, we have been dedicated to conducting research on this topic. The aim of this review article was to evaluate the studies concerning pubertal gynecomastia that took place at the Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University, published between the years 2003 and 2016. The review covers in detail both the short- and long-term effectivity and safety of tamoxifen used for the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia. As the exact basis for the pathogenesis of gynecomastia remains unknown, we also evaluate three studies that aimed to answer this question. We additionally review a study that aimed to assess the psychological distress and effect on body image that gynecomastia may have on the adolescent male. An important contribution this review article adds to the literature is as a conclusion to all the studies performed, we present the ‘Hacettepe indications for tamoxifen treatment for pubertal gynecomastia’. These indications will aid physicians when considering treating these patients.
Meningococcal disease awareness and meningoccocal vaccination among Greek students planning to travel abroad
Authors: Pavli Androula , Katerelos Panagiotis , Maltezou Helena C.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Students living in dormitories are at increased risk for meningococcal disease. Our aim was to evaluate Greek students planning to study abroad about their level of meningococcal disease awareness and attitudes and practices towards meningococcal vaccination.

Methods

We studied 231 Greek ERASMUS students using a questionnaire.

Results

Students had a mean number of 4.1 correct answers out of six questions. In particular 66.5% 79.3%, 72.3% and 82.3% of them answered correctly about the etiology, transmission, epidemiology and treatment of meningococcal disease, respectively. Only 23.4% were vaccinated, whereas 14.7% were planning to do so in the near future. Students who answered correctly ≥5 questions were more likely to be male, vaccinated against meningococcal meningitis and science students.

Conclusion

We found an overall good level of knowledge about meningococcal disease among Greek students planning to study or already studying abroad. Knowledge about meningococcal disease was associated with vaccine uptake. However, vaccination rate against meningococcal disease was low.
Parent educators for teenage smoking behavior
Authors: Herawati Lucky , Budiman Johan Arief , Hadi Choirul , Khair Abdul
Published: June 2017

Background

Several studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between teenagers and parental smoking behavior. This study was to empower parent (smokers and non-smokers) to raise parents’ concern, to describe teenagers’ knowledge about smoking and its dangers, to reduce the status of teenage smoking behavior, and to decrease the number of cigarettes smoked/day.

Methods

This was a quasi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest group design. The respondents were 649 students from the 8th grade in junior high schools from three provinces in Indonesia divided into two intervention groups and one control group. The dependent variable was the implementation of parent educators (smokers and non-smokers) who were trained about smoking and its dangers. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significant level of 0.05.

Results

The results showed that the smoking parent educator model increased the frequency of parent concern significantly and improved knowledge about the dangers of smoking insignificantly; whereas the non-smoker parent educator model decreased the number of respondents’ frequent smoking status insignificantly and reduced the number of cigarettes smoked /day by the frequent smoker respondents significantly.

Conclusion

The parent educator model can be used for preventing teenage smoking behavior.
Kib’eyal taq ch’ab’äl: Mayan language regimes in Guatemala
Authors: Maxwell Judith
Published: June 2017

Having survived a 36-year genocidal war, as well as 500 years of colonial and neocolonial domination, the Maya of Guatemala have developed strong and explicit strategies to maintain their languages and to define their own language communities. In this article, I explore how these language ideologies have changed over time from precontact interactions, colonial and republican eras into the early 1930s, through the violence of the civil war, into a period of paragovernmental interaction, and finally into a dichotomous era of standardization/revitalization and language shift. I explore the dynamic tensions between the national promotion of Mayan languages, through the Ministry of Education and the Academy of Mayan Languages of Guatemala, and the neoliberal regime’s emphasis on economic advancement and social simplification. These national trends are compared with more local grassroots language movements, their ideologies, and language regimes.
“ktîr Tajjibe ce plat! fî garlic?”: Compliments and assessments in French and Lebanese dinner talk
Authors: Traverso Véronique , Dimachki Loubna
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of compliments and other evaluative comments in French and Lebanese Arabic. The analysis is based on naturally-occurring interactions, video-recorded during dinner invitations among friends and relatives. The analysis focuses on two specific types of compliments related to being offered and savoring food. The description takes into account not only the linguistic forms of assessments and compliments (on the syntactic and lexical levels), but also vocal productions like “hm”, as well as gestures, mimics, gaze and other multimodal resources. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the main aspects of previous studies on compliments that will be used as reference points for our own study. We then present the corpora we used and our methodology. The last part of the paper is devoted to the interactional multimodal analysis of specific types of compliments related to being offered food in the two corpora.
Politeness and the Greek diaspora: Emic perceptions, situated experience, and a role for communicative context in shaping behaviors and beliefs
Authors: Murray Jill C.
Published: June 2017

Partial bilinguals who were born and raised in diaspora communities sometimes experience pragmatic failure when interacting with native speakers of their heritage language. This paper explores encounters among heritage and native speakers of Greek, focusing specifically on how the former conceptualize politeness, and how expectations may differ. Differences have been identified between Modern Greek and English: for example, the negotiation of the communication norms of a positive politeness society, – the management and mitigation of face threatening acts, the use of diminutives and terms of endearment, and the use of politeness markers and formulae. The present research explores how Greek and English politeness norms are conceptualized, experienced and managed by Australian-born heritage speakers of Greek. In semi-structured interviews of 1–1.5 hours’ duration, eliciting both general beliefs and small narratives of lived experience, Greek Australian participants were asked to reflect on their experiences communicating in Greek in a range of interpersonal contexts, including visits to Greece. The key concepts to emerge were directness, consideration and generosity, and respect, manifest in both behavior and language. Findings suggest that politeness expectations are at least partly shaped by experiences of communication with other members of the diaspora and with local and/or native speakers encountered during visits to Greece. A model is proposed for a range of situated interactions emerging from the data, which it is suggested can impact on politeness behavior and belief.
Politeness in power-asymmetrical e-mail requests of Korean and American corporate employees
Authors: Kim Sun Hee , Lee Hikyoung
Published: June 2017

Previous research on politeness tends to examine the inadequacy of non-native speakers’ pragmatic knowledge. In this study, we broaden our focus to the influence of different lingua-cultural values on politeness in simulated workplace e-mail requests of Korean and American corporate employees. By exploring differential perceptions towards power-asymmetry, this study investigates how and why politeness strategies are realized similarly and/or differently in and around the speech acts of requests in English. By quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing the elicited data, the study suggests that lingua-cultural values influenced perception and production in power-asymmetrical situations. Findings reveal that power is a more prominent factor than familiarity for Korean employees, but to a lesser extent for American employees when doing politeness in e-mail requests. Results showed that the underlying reasons for formulating requests differed not only between Korean and American employees but also between two Korean employee groups that differed according to depth of intercultural experience. This study contributes to recent research strands in intercultural pragmatics and communication by arguing that pragmatic strategies to express politeness in relation to power are culture specific with existing and newly reconstructed lingua-cultural values coming into play.
Communicative constructions of space in epistemic asymmetry: The case of German-Chinese university placement interviews
Authors: König Katharina , Zhu Qiang
Published: June 2017

Placement interviews have become an important discourse genre at universities as they decide about access to social, monetary, or cultural resources. Despite their importance, hardly any linguistic studies deal with this particular discourse genre in academic communication. Using a conversation-analytic approach, we analyze a corpus of placement interviews in which representatives of a German university interview Chinese students applying for a study year at the German university. We examine how Chinese applicants present their second-hand knowledge about Germany and German universities in a conversation with university representatives who have first-hand knowledge about these spaces, i. e., we investigate how interviewers and interviewees deal with epistemic asymmetry when they construct and talk about academic spaces in China and Germany. While some aspects of German academia are situated in
Impacts of task complexity on the development of L2 oral performance over time
Authors: Kim YouJin , Payant Caroline
Published: June 2017

Robinson’s (2001, Task complexity, task difficulty, and task production: Exploring interactions in a componential framework.
Das AlltagsTrainingsProgramm (ATP)
Authors: Ammann Christian , Atzinger Sabine , Froböse Ingo
Published: June 2017

Es ist wissenschaftlich erwiesen, dass zielgerichtete Bewegungs- und Trainingsinterventionen bei älteren Menschen zum Erhalt körperlicher Funktionen und zur langfristigen Selbstständigkeit im Alter beitragen können. Dennoch erfüllen immer noch sehr wenige Ältere die Bewegungsempfehlungen der WHO. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln in Zusammenarbeit mit der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) und dem organisierten Sport das AlltagsTrainingsProgramm entwickelt und in einer Pilotphase getestet.
Der Siebte Altenbericht – was erfahren wir über das Thema gesundheitliche Versorgung älterer Menschen?
Authors: Klie Thomas
Published: June 2017

Der 7. Altenbericht, veröffentlicht am 11. Nov. 2016, verdeutlicht aus individueller, sozialstruktureller und regionaler Perspektive die Notwendigkeit differenzierter Antworten auf die Herausforderung, für alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger eine angemessene gesundheitliche Versorgung sicherzustellen und stellt dabei die häufig vernachlässigten Aspekte sozialer Ungleichheit heraus. Er betont die Notwendigkeit, das Gesundheitswesen zu dezentralisieren, den Kommunen eine zentrale Rolle zuzuweisen. Auch die Beteiligung anderer Gesundheitsfachberufe an der gesundheitlichen Versorgung und der Vernetzung und Koordination wird gefordert.
Constitutional Judicial Behavior: Exploring the Determinants of the Decisions of the French Constitutional Council
Authors: Espinosa Romain
Published: June 2017

This article empirically assesses the relevance of three theories of judicial decision-making for the French Constitutional Council. Our empirical analysis follows previous works by integrating more recent observations, and proposes a new methodology by exploiting new data for cases post 1995. After analyzing the 612 cases published between 1974 and 2013, we focus on cases post 1995 for which we know the exact composition of the court. Our results suggest that (1) political/ideological voting occurs, (2) Justices restrain themselves from invalidating laws, and (3) a court’s independence suffers from political power concentration in other institutions. All in all, these results suggest the need for a reform of the Constitutional Council to strengthen its independence.
Saussure and the will
Authors: Fadda Emanuele
Published: June 2017

In his Geneva lectures in November 1891, Saussure stated a sort of “paradox of the will,” saying: “Can linguistic facts be said to be the result of acts of will? That is the question. The current science of language gives a positive answer. However, one should add immediately that … the linguistic act, if I might call it that, is characterized as being the least reflected on, the least premeditated, as well as the most impersonal of all.” This issue – shared with Michel Bréal – remains important in Saussure’s thought until the end, and it is possible to read some of the most important pages of his works in the light of this paradox – a kind of free will problem in a linguistic fashion. Such a focus on the will opens a different perspective on semiology (“For the distinguishing characteristic of the sign – but the one that is least apparent at first sight – is that in some way it always eludes the individual or social will”– as we read in the Course), reassesses the status of notions like “institution” and “arbitrariness” and allows a (critical) comparison with other paradigms in the current debate of social ontology (e.g., Searle’s account).
Volvera empezar: la argumentación interaccional en contextos terapéuticos
Authors: Eugenia Carrizo Alicia
Published: June 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el efecto interaccional del uso de las distintas formas del discurso referido por parte de pacientes que participan de sesiones de terapia de grupo como parte de un tratamiento para bajar de peso. Consideramos a los grupos terapéuticos como espacio donde se desarrollan interacciones verbales situadas, de modo que estudiaremos los rasgos lingüísticos y los recursos pragmáticos que usan los participantes para construir nuevos significados en el contexto terapéutico de la interacción. En el trabajo analizaremos una secuencia interaccional que tiene como protagonista a una participante llamada Gretel, en una sesión de terapia de grupo de un Centro Terapéutico de Buenos Aires, en el año 2009. Asumimos que la intervención de Gretel puede ser examinada como secuencia de argumentación interaccional. Tomaremos como base el análisis interaccional del discurso con perspectiva etnográfica (Goffman, 1981.Form of Talk. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press; Gumperz, 1982.Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Schiffrin, 1985. Everyday argument: The Organization of diversity in Talk. En T. A. van Dijk (Ed.)Handbook of discourse analysis, vol. 3. London: Academic Press; Carrizo, 2012.La argumentación interaccional: efectos del uso del discurso referido. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Recuperado dehttp://repositorio.filo.uba.ar/xmlui/handle/filodigital/1488). Los resultados permiten observar que la paciente utiliza la invocación de voces para obtener aliados que refuerzan su posición en el tratamiento.
Lithium Mobility in Borate and Phosphate Glass Networks
Authors: Welsch Anna-Maria , Behrens Harald , Murawski Dawid , Horn Ingo
Published: June 2017

In order to improve our understanding of the Li-mobility in oxide glass networks with Li as the principle mobile particle, electrical conductivity and self-diffusivity of lithium was studied in two phosphate (0.2 Li2O·0.8 P2O5, 0.3 Li2O·0.2 MgO·0.5 P2O5) and one borate (0.25 Li2O·0.75 B2O3) glass compositions. Conductivity measurements provided information about ion dynamics while isotope-exchange experiments involving isotopically enriched Li diffusion glass couples provided information about long-range diffusivity of Li-isotopes through borate and phosphate networks. Due to the limitations of individual glass stabilities, the temperature range for selected experiments was very small, e.g. as in the case of Li–phosphate composition between 373 and 520 K. The activation energy for Li-migration derived from conductivity measurements was similar for Li–Mg–phosphate and Li–borate, 90.4 and 85.2 kJ/mol, while for pure Li–phosphate the value was 74.7 kJ/mol. In the case of self-diffusion, the activation energies were comparable with Li–Mg–phosphate having the highest value of 76.9 kJ/mol while Li–phosphate and Li–borate had almost the same value of 72.9 and 72.2 kJ/mol, respectively. In these glass compositions with similar Li-cation concentration, the differences in the mobility predominantly depend on structural arrangement of building units and the spatial distribution of negative potentials, as reflected in the value of H
R/f, i.e. the Haven ratio divided by the correlation factor, as a mean to better understand the diffusion mechanism in glass structures, where vacancy vs. interstitial diffusion cannot be clearly defined. For Li–phosphate almost unconstrained Li-migration was indicated with the H
R/f value of 0.98, while Li–Mg–phosphate had the most structural constraint on mobilized Li-cations, with the H
R/f value of 0.30. Findings are compared with silicate (Li2O·3 SiO2) and aluminosilicate (Li2O·Al2O3·4 SiO2) glasses from our previous studies in order to elaborate the effect of network topology.
Quenching of R6G Fluorescence by Gold Nanoparticles of Various Particle Geometries
Authors: Kittler Susann , Klemmed Benjamin , Wolff Thomas , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: June 2017

The quenching of Rhodamine 6G in aqueous solution by citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles differing in their geometry (spheres, rods, prisms) was investigated. Static quenching was observed throughout. At constant surface area, the quenching rate diminished in the order spheres>rods>prisms. The effect is shown to be due to differing nanoparticle volumes rather than to variations in the surface area.
Comparison of Serum Cytokine Levels in Men Who are Obese or Men Who are Lean: Effects of Nonlinear Periodized Resistance Training and Obesity
Authors: Nikseresht Mahmoud
Published: June 2017

Nikseresht, M. Comparison of serum cytokine levels in men who are obese or men who are lean: effects of nonlinear periodized resistance training and obesity. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1787–1795, 2018—This study examined the capacity of nonlinear resistance training (NRT) to alter some cytokines and markers of insulin resistance in men who are obese. An additional aim was to compare these variables between men who are obese and men who are lean. Age- and fitness-matched men who are obese were randomly allocated to NRT (n = 12) and control (CON, n = 10) groups. An age- and fitness-matched control group of lean men (n = 11) were also recruited for baseline comparison. The NRT (12 weeks, 3 d·wk−1, 5–11 exercises) performed at different intensities (40–95% of 1 repetition maximum) with flexible periodization. Serum insulin, glucose, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-20 levels were measured at baseline and after training. Men who were obese had significantly lower IL-20 and higher glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA-IR), IL-10, and IL-6 than lean participants at baseline (all, p ≤ 0.05). There were significant negative correlations between IL-10 with anthropometric markers and HOMA-IR at baseline, whereas these variables were inversely correlated with IL-20. After training, V̇o
2peak and 1 repetition maximum for bench press and knee extension of the NRT increased significantly compared with CON, which was accompanied by significant reductions in anthropometric markers, insulin and HOMA-IR. IL-6 and IL-17A did not change significantly in response to training, but IL-10 and IL-20 increased significantly compared with baseline. An inverse relationship between the percent IL-20 increase and the percent waist circumference decrease suggests that adipocytes, or other metabolic factors such as glucose, may exert a lowering-effect on IL-20.
Comparison of Muscle Activation Between Back Squats and Belt Squats
Authors: Evans Thomas W. , McLester Cherilyn N. , Howard Jonathan S. , McLester John R. , Calloway Jimmy P.
Published: June 2017

Evans, TW, McLester, CN, Howard, JS, McLester, JR, and Calloway, JP. Comparison of muscle activation between back squats and belt squats. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S52–S59, 2019—A machine belt squat is a piece of equipment designed to allow the performance of squats while loading weight on the lifter's hips using a belt. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether belt squats differ from back squats in activation of the primary movers and to determine the predictive capabilities of back squat load, training status, and anthropometric data on belt squat load. Thirty-one participants (16 men and 15 women) completed anthropometric measurements, a demographic questionnaire, a familiarization visit, and 2 testing visits, completing a 5 repetition maximum test for back squat and belt squat. Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activation for the left and right vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and gluteus maximus (GM). Comparison of muscle activation between the 2 exercises showed significant differences in the left GM (back squat: 0.84 ± 0.45, belt squat: 0.69 ± 0.22, p = 0.015) and right GM (back squat: 0.86 ± 0.45, belt squat: 0.71 ± 0.29, p = 0.004). Regression analysis computed significant prediction equations for belt squat load for general population, men, women, and advanced lifters. Overall, results indicate that belt squats may significantly differ in GM activation from back squats. Back squat load, as well as other variables, may be effective in accurately estimating appropriate belt squat load. These findings may help to more appropriately program for training with machine belt squats as a back squat alternative.
Can Squat Jump Performance Differentiate Starters vs. Nonstarters in Division I Female Soccer Players?
Authors: Magrini Mitchel A. , Colquhoun Ryan J. , Sellers John H. , Conchola Eric C. , Hester Garrett M. , Thiele Ryan M. , Pope Zach K. , Smith Doug B.
Published: June 2017

Magrini, MA, Colquhoun, RJ, Sellers, JH, Conchola, EC, Hester, GM, Thiele, RM, Pope, ZK, and Smith, DB. Can squat jump performance differentiate starters vs. nonstarters in division I female soccer players? J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2348–2355, 2018—Although soccer is predominately an endurance sport, high velocity movements may be an important indicator of athletic success. The purpose of this investigation was to establish whether squat jumps (SJs) can differentiate starters from nonstarters with a female collegiate division I soccer team. Eighteen female division I soccer athletes were separated into 2 groups: 9 starters (age: 19.5 ± 1.0; mass = 64.8 ± 11.5 kg; height = 167.5 ± 7.7 cm; games started = 18.2 ± 4.7; and minutes played = 1633.8 ± 478.2 minutes) and 9 nonstarters (age: 19.4 ± 1.4 years; mass = 63.3 ± 4.2 kg; height = 164.7 ± 6.8 cm; games started 0.7 ± 1.3; and minutes played 158.2 ± 269.3 minutes). Each athlete performed 3 maximal SJs at a starting knee angle of 110° without arm swing. Each participant's SJ height, mean power (MP), peak power (PP), mean velocity (MV), and peak velocity (PV) were measured during each attempt by a linear position transducer. No statistically significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in MP and PP between the starters and nonstarters were observed. However, starters performed significantly better than nonstarters in SJ height (p = 0.002), MV (p = 0.025), and PV (p = 0.015). In addition, SJ height was strongly correlated with MV (r = 0.628) and PV (r = 0.647). These findings suggest that SJ height, MV, and PV may be important variables for discriminating differences between starters and nonstarters in division I female soccer athletes and a strong indicator of explosive performance.
A Warm-Up Routine That Incorporates a Plyometric Protocol Potentiates the Force-Generating Capacity of the Quadriceps Muscles
Authors: Johnson Mariska , Baudin Pierre , Ley Alejandro L. , Collins David F.
Published: June 2017

Johnson, M, Baudin, P, Ley, AL, and Collins, DF. A warm-up routine that incorporates a plyometric protocol potentiates the force-generating capacity of the quadriceps muscles. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 380–389, 2019—This study was designed to investigate whether a warm-up routine that incorporates drop jumps, induces post-activation potentiation (PAP), and if so, assess the magnitude and time course of the induced PAP. Participants performed a standard warm-up that incorporated either drop jumps (plyometric protocol) or a low-paced walk (control protocol). Post-activation potentiation was assessed by changes in electrically evoked isometric muscle twitches recorded throughout both protocols. The plyometric protocol increased peak twitch torque (PTT), rate of torque development (RTD), and impulse significantly (by 23, 39, and 46%, respectively) with no change in the amplitude of simultaneously evoked M-waves, indicating that the augmented torque was due to PAP. These increases returned to baseline within 6 minutes, and PTT and RTD fell below baseline values at 11–16 minutes after the drop jumps. Peak twitch torque, RTD, and impulse decreased significantly after the standard warm-up. These results provide evidence that drop jumps induce PAP, markedly enhancing the force-generating capacity of the muscle. By contrast, the standard warm-up did not potentiate, but rather reduced, the force-generating capacity of the muscle. We suggest that drop jumps be incorporated into warm-up routines directly before athletic performance to maximize the force-generating capacity of muscle.
Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes
Authors: Galluzzi Lorenzo , Baehrecke Eric H , Ballabio Andrea , Boya Patricia , Bravo‐San Pedro José Manuel , Cecconi Francesco , Choi Augustine M , Chu Charleen T , Codogno Patrice , Colombo Maria Isabel , Cuervo Ana Maria , Debnath Jayanta , Deretic Vojo , Dikic Ivan , Eskelinen Eeva‐Liisa , Fimia Gian Maria , Fulda Simone , Gewirtz David A , Green Douglas R , Hansen Malene , Harper J Wade , Jäättelä Marja , Johansen Terje , Juhasz Gabor , Kimmelman Alec C , Kraft Claudine , Ktistakis Nicholas T , Kumar Sharad , Levine Beth , Lopez‐Otin Carlos , Madeo Frank , Martens Sascha , Martinez Jennifer , Melendez Alicia , Mizushima Noboru , Münz Christian , Murphy Leon O , Penninger Josef M , Piacentini Mauro , Reggiori Fulvio , Rubinsztein David C , Ryan Kevin M , Santambrogio Laura , Scorrano Luca , Simon Anna Katharina , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Simonsen Anne , Tavernarakis Nektarios , Tooze Sharon A , Yoshimori Tamotsu , Yuan Junying , Yue Zhenyu , Zhong Qing , Kroemer Guido
Published: June 2017

Over the past two decades, the molecular machinery that underlies autophagic responses has been characterized with ever increasing precision in multiple model organisms. Moreover, it has become clear that autophagy and autophagy‐related processes have profound implications for human pathophysiology. However, considerable confusion persists about the use of appropriate terms to indicate specific types of autophagy and some components of the autophagy machinery, which may have detrimental effects on the expansion of the field. Driven by the overt recognition of such a potential obstacle, a panel of leading experts in the field attempts here to define several autophagy‐related terms based on specific biochemical features. The ultimate objective of this collaborative exchange is to formulate recommendations that facilitate the dissemination of knowledge within and outside the field of autophagy research.
Integration of over 9,000 mass spectrometry experiments builds a global map of human protein complexes
Authors: Drew Kevin , Lee Chanjae , Huizar Ryan L , Tu Fan , Borgeson Blake , McWhite Claire D , Ma Yun , Wallingford John B , Marcotte Edward M
Published: June 2017

Macromolecular protein complexes carry out many of the essential functions of cells, and many genetic diseases arise from disrupting the functions of such complexes. Currently, there is great interest in defining the complete set of human protein complexes, but recent published maps lack comprehensive coverage. Here, through the synthesis of over 9,000 published mass spectrometry experiments, we present hu.MAP, the most comprehensive and accurate human protein complex map to date, containing > 4,600 total complexes, > 7,700 proteins, and > 56,000 unique interactions, including thousands of confident protein interactions not identified by the original publications. hu.MAP accurately recapitulates known complexes withheld from the learning procedure, which was optimized with the aid of a new quantitative metric (k‐cliques) for comparing sets of sets. The vast majority of complexes in our map are significantly enriched with literature annotations, and the map overall shows improved coverage of many disease‐associated proteins, as we describe in detail for ciliopathies. Using hu.MAP, we predicted and experimentally validated candidate ciliopathy disease genes in vivo in a model vertebrate, discovering CCDC138, WDR90, and KIAA1328 to be new cilia basal body/centriolar satellite proteins, and identifying ANKRD55 as a novel member of the intraflagellar transport machinery. By offering significant improvements to the accuracy and coverage of human protein complexes, hu.MAP (http://proteincomplexes.org) serves as a valuable resource for better understanding the core cellular functions of human proteins and helping to determine mechanistic foundations of human disease.
Istenség és király. Megjegyzések Pindaroshoz, Kallimachoshoz, Ciceróhoz és az újpythagoreusokhoz
Authors: Adorjáni Zsolt
Published: June 2017

Az alábbi tanulmányban arra teszek kísérletet, hogy olyan irodalmi és filozófiai szövegeket hozzak összefüggésbe, melyek a jó uralkodó és az istenség kapcsolatáról szólnak. Igyekszem kimutatni, hogy ezen művekben az időbeli és műfaji különbségeken túl feltűnő a tartalmi-motivikus anyag hasonlósága. Az egyik ilyen a jóindulatú tekintet motívuma, mely akár termékenységet is hozhat az országra és népére, a másik a metempsychósis tana, mely a király jövetele és az égi birodalomba való visszatérése mögött felsejlik. Úgy vélem, hogy a hasonlóság pusztán véletlen vagy topikus egybeesés alapján nem magyarázható, így inkább valamely folyamatos hagyományt kell feltételezni. Ennek gyökerét a pythagoreus politikai elméletben látom, mely bizonyos, már Homérosból ismert elképzelésekkel keveredett. Kitekintésképpen a kérdéskör latin irodalmi utóéletét is vázolom.
Vázlatok és beszédtöredékek a szenvedélyről: az Erótika pathémata és a Georgica szerelmi mítoszai
Authors: Pataki Elvira
Published: June 2017

A Georgica legvégének dulcis alebat Parthenope sorát (IV, 563–564) a Serviusig visszanyúló olvasati hagyomány hol a Szirének egyikével, Neapolis/Parthenopolis védőistenségével hozza kapcsolatba; hol a szűzi tisztasága miatt Partheniasnak nevezett költőre utaló autoreferenciális játékot vél felfedezni benne. Az életrajzi és a lokális tradíción alapuló korábbi értelmezések kiegészítéséül a tanulmány a hely metapoetikus olvasatának lehetőségét veti fel. Parthenope megidézése a sphragisban az erotikus elbeszéléseiben a mítosz megújításával kísérletező, Vergiliusszal és Galluszal szoros kapcsolatban álló Parthenios előtti tisztelgésként is értelmezhető. Az Erótika pathémata latin utóéletének kutatása döntően az elegikusokra és Ovidiusra korlátozódik, noha a Georgica rejtett mitológiai allúzióinak hátterében ugyancsak jellegzetes partheniosi narratív sémák sejlenek fel. Vergilius rövid, többnyire szerelmi szenvedéstörténeten alapuló aitionjai tekinthetők egyes partheniosi történetvázak erkölcsi téttel kiegészülő, egységes világképbe rendeződő újraírásának is.
Benedictus és szótára
Authors: Bolonyai Gábor
Published: June 2017

A XV. század közepe táján a kereszténység előtti kultúrák iránti érdeklődés megnövekedésével egyidejűleg emelkedni kezdett a görögül tanulni vágyók száma is Európa latin nyelvű felében. Ezzel párhuzamosan megnőtt az igény a különféle nyelvtanulási segédletek, így a görög–latin szótárak iránt is. Kétnyelvű szótárra többféleképpen lehetett ekkoriban szert tenni, az egyik lehetőséget egy ókori bilinguis szótár, az ún. Pseudo-Kyrillos jelentette. A Pseudo-Kyrillos a magyar kutatás érdeklődését is felkeltette az utóbbi évtizedekben, főként azért, mert egyik példányát Janus Pannonius is beszerezte magának. Az alábbi tanulmány nem ezzel a példánnyal kíván foglalkozni, hanem egy másikkal, amelyet egy bizonyos Benedictus másolt. A szerző arra tesz kísérletet, hogy azonosítsa az illető személyét, nyomon kövesse a példány keletkezésének történetét, valamint feltérképezze a Pseudo-Kyrillos szöveghagyományozódásának egyik ágát.
Nanoporous Titanium Oxide Morphologies Produced by Anodizing of Titanium
Authors: Sklar G.P. , Singh H. , Mahajan V. , Gorhe D. , Namjoshi S.A. , LaCombe J.C.
Published: June 2017

A quick and dependable technique has been developed that allows us to selectively produce anodized TiO2 in the form of nanotubes. The process employs mild chemical conditions and ambient temperature. The method can consistently produce nearly 100% surface coverage of nanotubes within 10 min of anodizing. Anodizing in relatively high pH electrolytes for 1 hour permitted us to produce nanotubes of 2μm length. We attribute the repeatability of our results to a brief pre-anodizing etching step that consistently leads to excellent anodizing results. Without this etching step, we experienced very poor consistency in that only small patches of titania nanotubes were formed.
Atomic Layer Deposition for the Conformal Coating of Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Elam Jeffrey W. , Xiong Guang , Han Catherine Y. , Wang H. Hau , Birrell James P. , Hryn John N. , Pellin Michael J. , Poco John F. , Satcher Joe H.
Published: June 2017

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is ideal for applying precise, conformal coatings over nanoporous materials. We have recently used ALD to coat two nanoporous solids: anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and silica aerogels. AAO possesses hexagonally ordered pores with diameters d∼10 nm and thicknesses L∼70 microns. The AAO membranes were coated by ALD with successive layers of A1203, TiO2 and V2O5 to fabricate catalytic membranes. SEM, TEM and EDAX analysis of the membranes demonstrate that the ALD layers uniformly coat the extremely high aspect ratio (L/d∼104) AAO pores. These catalytic membranes show remarkable selectivity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane. Additional AAO membranes coated with ALD Pd films show promise as hydrogen sensors. Silica aerogels have the lowest density and highest surface area of any solid material. Consequently, these materials serve as an excellent substrate to fabricate novel catalytic materials and gas sensors by ALD. In this study, both thin film and monolithic aerogels were coated by ZnO ALD and the properties of the aerogels were investigated as a function of the coating thickness.
Solidified Fillings of Nanopores
Authors: Huber Patrick , Knorr Klaus
Published: June 2017

We present a selection of x-ray diffraction patterns of spherical (He, Ar), dumbbell- (N2, CO), and chain-like molecules (n-C9H20, n-C19H40) solidified in nanopores of silica glass (mean pore diameter 7nm). These patterns allow us to demonstrate how key principles governing crystallization have to be adapted in order to accomplish solidification in restricted geometries. 4He, Ar, and the spherical close packed phases of CO and N2 adjust to the pore geometry by introducing a sizeable amount of stacking faults. For the pore solidified, medium-length chainlike n-C19H40 we observe a close packed structure without lamellar ordering, whereas for the short-chain C9H20 the layering principle survives, albeit in a modified fashion compared to the bulk phase.
Preparation and Characterization of Fibrous Cerium Oxide Templated from Activated Carbon Fibers
Authors: Crocker Mark , Graham Uschi M. , Gonzalez Rolando , Morris Erin , Jacobs Gary , Andrews Rodney
Published: June 2017

High surface area cerium oxide has been prepared using a carbon templating method. Impregnation of a highly mesoporous activated carbon (Darco KB-B) with an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate, followed by carbon burn off, afforded ceria with surface area of up to 148 m2/g. According to thermogravimetric studies, ceria formation proceeds via decomposition of cerium nitrate at ca. 410 K; oxidation of the carbon template commences at the same temperature, being facilitated by the release of NO2 from the Ce compound. Use of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) as template was found to provide a simple route to fibrous cerium oxide. The lower surface areas (3 - 59 m2/g) of the resulting ceria fibers reflect the largely microporous nature of the ACFs; evidently the Ce nitrate solution is unable to penetrate their micropores. Consequently, the surface area of the ceria product is found to increase with increasing mesoporosity of the ACF template. Electron microscopy reveals that the ceria fibers are composed of highly crystalline primary particles of 5-10 nm diameter; further, the fibers display a number of interesting morphological features at the macro- and nano-scales.
Surface Defect-mediated Reactivity of Au/TiO2(110)
Authors: Park Ken T. , Pan Minghu , Meunier Vincent , Shelton William , Kalinin Sergei , Baddorf Arthur P. , Plummer E.W.
Published: June 2017

Metal clusters supported by transition metal oxides, as exemplified by the Au/TiO2 system, have found broad applications as catalytic and sensor materials. The unusual properties of these systems originate from the specific interactions of metal clusters mediated by an oxide substrate, including local reduction below the cluster. In this work, we present recent results on the local interactions between one-dimensional defects on a TiO2 surface and their reactivity with oxygen and Au nano-clusters studied by a combination of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy (STM/S). High-resolution STM images, interpreted with first-principles theory, show that the observed one-dimensional strands have partially reduced Ti atoms coordinated above three-coordinated, surface oxygen atoms. When strands are exposed to 5 x 10-7 Torr O2 at 300 K, oxygen is adsorbed and randomly nucleated on and along the strands. The results indicate the presence of exposed Ti that act as an active site for oxygen adsorption even at room temperature. Gold nano-particles of diameters 5 nm and less have also been deposited on the sub-stoichiometric rows of TiOx and characterized by STM. Like point defects and step edges on TiO2(110), the strands serve as nucleation sites for gold nano-clusters. The 1D defects of the surface are interpreted in terms of a surface crystallographic shear type structure, in contrast to the proposed Ti2O3 added row model by Onish and Iwasawa [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, (1996) 791]. The implications of this behavior and specific interaction between gold clusters, defects and gas molecules for catalytic activity of the Au/TiO2 system are discussed.
Photocatalytic activities of layered intercalated materials H2NiTi4O10/TiO2 under UV and visible light irradiation
Authors: Wu Jihuai , Huang Yunfang , Li Taohai , Lin Jianming , Huang Miaoliang , Wei Yuelin
Published: June 2017

H2NiTi4O10/TiO2 intercalated compound was fabricated by successive intercalation reactions of H2NiTi4O10 with n-C6H13NH2/C2H5OH mixed solution and acid TiO2 sol, followed by irradiating with a high-pressure mercury lamp. H2NiTi4O10, a layered perovskite type compound with TiO2-loading, exhibited a high activity for decomposition of methyl orange under UV and visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that methyl orange was degraded with the decomposition ratio of 59.0 % by using H2NiTi4O10/TiO2 as photocatalyst under visible light ( > 420 nm) irradiation for 24 h. The H2NiTi4O10/TiO2 possessed higher photocatalytic activity than those commercial titania powder (Degussa P-25) which showed the decomposition ratio just only 24% under same condition.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photocatalytic TiO2-ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Srinivasan Sesha S. , Wade Jeremy , Stefanakos Elias K.
Published: June 2017

The wide bandgap semiconductor TiO2 has become the dominant UV-activated photocatalyst in the field of air and water detoxification because of its high stability, low cost, high oxidation potential and chemically favorable properties. The demand for visible-light activated photocatalytic systems is increasing rapidly; however, currently, the efficiency and availability of photocatalysts that can be activated effectively by the solar spectrum and particularly indoor lighting is severely limited. In this paper, a new coprecipitation/hydrolysis synthesis route is used to create a TiO2-ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite that is directed towards extending the photoresponse of TiO2 from UV to visible wavelengths (>400nm). The effect of TiO2's accelerated anatase-rutile phase transformation due to the presence of the coupled ZnFe2O4 narrow bandgap semiconductor is evaluated. The transformation's dependence on pH, calcination temperature, particle size, and ZnFe2O4 concentration has been analyzed using XRD, SEM, and UV-Visible spectrometry. The requirements for retaining the highly photoactive anatase phase present in a ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite are outlined. The visible-light activated photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites have been compared to an Aldrich TiO2 reference catalyst, using a solar-simulated photoreactor for the degradation of phenol.