bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborns as a risk factor for the development   of retinopathy of prematurity. Literature review
Authors:   Altai State Medical University of the Ministr y of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia, Gorbacheva N.V. ,   Altai Regional Ophthalmological Hospital, Barnaul, Russia, Makogon S.I. ,   Altai State Medical University of the Ministr y of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia,   Altai Regional Ophthalmological Hospital, Barnaul, Russia, Lebedev V.I. ,   Altai State Medical University of the Ministr y of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia,   Altai Regional Ophthalmological Hospital, Barnaul, Russia, Khlopkova Y.S. ,   Altai State Medical University of the Ministr y of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia, Ivanova D.I. ,   Altai State Medical University of the Ministr y of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia,   Altai Regional Ophthalmological Hospital, Barnaul, Russia
Published: February 2025

In this literature review, we propose to consider necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) as a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ROP, being one of the dominant causes of blindness and low vision among children, is considered an important health problem. Multiple epidemiological studies have shown a significant association between NEC and the development of ROP, along with neonatal sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus. Studies have noted that patients with NEC requiring surgical treatment have a lower gestational age and lower birth weight, and the incidence of ROP in this group of patients is 55%. One of the possible links between NEC and ROP is inflammatory stress, which leads to abnormal development of retinal vessels and an increase in vascular anastomoses. It is worth highlighting the intestinal microbiome, which has multiple cross-connections with various organs, including the ability to influence the organ of vision. Thus, the microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of NEC and can influence ROP through communication with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, enhancing the production of cytokines, preventing tissue revascularization and vascular repair. Another link between the microbiome and ROP may be the influence of intestinal flora on the development of neonatal sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which are also identified as risk factors for ROP. However, studies on the effect of probiotics on the course of ROP are contradictory and require further study. Thus, NEC can be considered as one of the risk factors for the development and progression of ROP.

Key words: retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, gut microbiome, vascular endothelial growth factor, review
Laser treatment of secondary angle-closure glaucoma in a patient   with ciliary body cysts
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurger y Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia, Popov A.B. , Starostina A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurger y Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia, Uyanaeva А.А. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurger y Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2025

Purpose. To present a clinical case of a patient with secondary uncompensated angle-closure glaucoma caused by ciliary body cysts, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment using laser iridectomy with cyst puncture and segmental iridoplasty.

Material and methods. Patient S., 64 years old, was under observation with a diagnosis of secondary uncompensated angle-closure glaucoma, ciliary body cysts, and initial cataract of the left eye. Laser treatment was performed: under local drip anesthesia, laser iridectomy was performed in the projection of the largest ciliary body cyst with its opening with a YAG laser and segmental iridoplasty around the iris coloboma.

Results. In the postoperative period after laser surgery, intraocular pressure was normalized. Biomicroscopy visualized laser colobomas of the iris for 5 hours, traces of lasercoagulates on the surface of the iris. There are no complaints for up to 3 months after surgery, intraocular pressure is compensated with one antihypertensive drug.

Conclusion. Laser iridectomy with ciliary body cyst puncture and segmental iridoplasty in secondary angle-closure glaucoma in a patient with ciliary body cysts allowed to achieve compensation of intraocular pressure and preservation of visual functions.

Key words: angle-closure glaucoma, ciliary body cysts, intraocular pressure, laser treatment
Determination of the frequency and structure of complicated myopia in a limited group of outpatients
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russia, Kolenko O.V. ,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Specialists, Khabarovsk, Russia, Sorokin E.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russia,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia, Vavrinchuk L.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russia
Published: February 2025

Purpose. To study the frequency and nosological structure of complicated myopia among primary outpatients.

Material and methods. Continuous selection of all cases of myopia among patients who applied to the Diagnostic and treatment department (DTD) for a short period: from January 10 to January 18, 2022. In total, 159 patients applied to the DTD, including 65 people with acquired myopia. They had a complex of ophthalmological examinations. A thorough examination of both the macula and the equatorial, peripheral parts of the retina was carried out, in a state of maximum drug mydriasis (twice 1% tropicamide or once tropicamide 0.8% + phenylephrine 5%). The frequency of its complicated forms, clinical types, and severity levels were assessed.

Results. 48 patients (86 eyes) had a complicated form of myopia (68.8% of eyes). The structure of complicated forms of myopia included: various forms of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy (PVCRD) – 39 patients (62 eyes); central myopic changes in the fundus according to E.S. Avetisov (1974) in 47 eyes. In addition, 27 eyes (17 patients) had a combination of central changes and PVCRD. Dimensions of the anteroposterior axis (APA) of the eyes: from 23.3 to 28.17 mm. Lattice and frost-like forms of PVCRD with localization in the lower and temporal quadrants of the fundus predominated. Central chorioretinal myopic changes were detected in 24 patients (50%) aged from 19 to 68 years: 21 patients had stage I, 2 patients had stage II, one patient had stage III.

Conclusion. The proportion of complicated myopia was 68.8% of eyes. In the structure of myopic complications, various types of PVCRD occurred in 81.2%, central chorioretinal changes accompanied by a decrease in visual functions (stages II– III according to E.S. Avetisov) in 6.2% of cases.

Key words: complicated myopia, peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy, myopic maculopathy
«ЭКОСИСТЕМА» КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СТРАНЫ: СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ
Authors: Суворова А.П. , Делянова Л.И.
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается возможность обеспечения технологической безопасности страны как одного из основных видов экономической безопасности в рамках необходимости перехода к шестому технологическому укладу посредством создания и функционирования экосистем. Описана эволюция понятия «экосистема» в исследованиях зарубежных и отечественных авторов, современные подходы к пониманию организации бизнеса в рамках экосистем и выделены её основные элементы.

Introduction. The new technological mode, transition to the digital world, geopolitical instability and development of information and communication technologies – all this proves that the previous forms of organizing the socio-economic activity are no longer sufficient for achieving sustainable development of a country. Ensuring national economic security is the minimum condition necessary for the existence of any country. Safeguarding the country's technological security as one of the economic security components is becoming a priority in the current realities. The purpose of the study is to review theoretical approaches to defining the concept of ecosystem, as well as substantiate the impact of the ecosystem on the economic security of the country. The methodology of the study was based on the analysis of foreign and domestic scientific literature on the formation and functioning of ecosystems. Results. The emergence of ecosystems is a logical, natural stage in economic development. Ensuring the nation’s technological development, an ecosystem has a positive impact on the socio-economic activities of both an individual region and the country as a whole. The review of international and domestic research literature has shown that there is no single, generally accepted definition of the ecosystemconcept. We find the definition proposed by G. B. Kleiner to be the most capacious one: the author defines the boundaries of the ecosystem, specifies its elements, and describes the mechanisms of interaction between the elements within it. Conclusion. A technological development ecosystem as a set of elements (finance, policy, culture, human capital, support system and markets) and their interactions with each other contributes to its self-development and self-regulation, and will also allow for a chain of societal changes (technological – economic – social – political) for the sake of sustainable development of the country.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МОДЕЛИ ПРОЦЕССНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ФИНАНСОВОМ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТЕ В ЭПОХУ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ
Authors: Иванова Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Обоснована необходимость пересмотра подходов к процессному управлению в условиях внешних и внутренних изменений бизнеса. Предложена парадигма процессного управления, основанная на методологии непрерывного улучшения качества процессов с учётом рисков и контрольных процедур.

Introduction. Amidst rapid and continuous change, management requires managers to be flexible, capable of quick decision-making and adaptable to new situations. It is essential not only to have a clear strategy and goals, but also to be prepared at all times to adjust them in response to the changing environment. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodological approach to transformation in companies on the basis of an integrated system of process-based management, internal control and risk management. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study includes various theories and concepts that help to explain how changes occur and how they can be managed: Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, Lev Vygotsky's theory of change, Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann's theory of social constructivism, Donella Meadows' theory of system change, René Thom's theory of catastrophic changes. Results. A target vision of a trading company's unified business architecture model was presented using the example of logistics processes. In order to demonstrate the effect of the target unified business architecture of a trading company, the authors considered a process robotization program aimed at the automation of routine and repetitive manual processes using the RPA (Robotic Process Automation) technology. To assess the effectiveness of the process robotization program, indicators were calculated. Operational cost savings due to a decreased number of staff needed were estimated at 14-18 million roubles in year. The net present value (NPV) of the robotization program over five years amounted to 10,416 thousand rubles, the payback period was 1 year 7 months. Conclusion. The implementation of process automation projects as part of digital transformation programs assists companies in becoming more efficient, innovative and competitive in today’s digital economy.
The Importance of Culture and Civilization in Malek Bennabi’s Educational Project: The Algerian Case
Authors: Sahel Malika , Louna Samia , Mokrane Fadila
Published: February 2025

According to the Algerian thinker Malek Bennabi, education is a purely social process that starts with the human being birth and ends with her/his death. It is continual, teaching the individual life’s alphabet. Given the preoccupation of education with the transfer of values, traditions and human systems, from generation to generation, it becomes closely linked with important concepts such as culture and civilization. This paper attempts to identify the main educational issues that Malek Bennabi tackled, considering two crucial components that built his educational project, namely culture and civilization.
The Glass Ceiling and Challenges Which Women Posed to Have Presences in Political Leaderships in Afghanistan
Authors: Sokhanwar M. Davood , Mahya Yalda
Published: February 2025

This study evaluate the challenges posed to women's participation in Afghans’ leadership, it’s like a glass ceiling that prevents their presence at the top organizational level of the national entities. The aim of this research is to recognize the mentioned challenges and propose precise solutions on those regarded. The research is conducted based on disk research method and have gone through first hand highly accredited existing national and international documentaries, and the researches which are conducted by central statistics office of Afghanistan (CSO), independent human right commission of Afghanistan, Afghanistan research and evaluation unit (AREU), integrity watch of Afghanistan and other related academic articles and journals.  The study concludes that, despite the efforts made in recent years, the presence of women on different hierarchical level of entities and leaderships steps are less and symbolic, and the key factors regarding to those could be cultural and educational obstacles and as well as security challenges. On this study the researchers on first steps tried to identify the obstacles and then proposed applicable realistic suggestions based on Afghanistan’s social context.
Mechanism of Attainment of the Graduate Profile for the Curricular Harmonization in the University of Atacama
Authors: Carmen Burgos Videla  , Glenda Gonzales  , Javiera Martinez Diaz
Published: February 2025

The progress of the curriculum redesign process promoted by the University of Atacama (UDA[1]) is presented, through the Academic Vice Rectory and operationalized by the Center for Teaching Improvement. This process has been organized with a systematic approach defined to carry out curricular innovation with a competence-based approach, guided by its Educational Model (Universidad de Atacama, 2007)[2]. This understanding shows a significant first step materialized in the mechanism of achievement of the graduate profile of which we will explain the structure, the systemic approach and the possibility of implementation through participatory strategies. It is argued that from this proposal, a change in the logic of curricular implementations and evaluations is sought at a higher level, to incorporate into the task the inclusive view regarding historicity, of the contexts in which guidelines for a sustained change that aims for quality.
 
[1] UDA: Universidad de Atacama Acronym
[2] Educational Model: Academic Commission for the elaboration of the Educational Model.
Drug Repurposing by Virtual Screening: identification of new already approved ROCK inhibitors as promising drugs to target neurodegeneration
Authors: Franco Lucas , Rodrigues Daniel , Baumart Gabriela , Gomes Flavia , Lima Lídia , Fraga Carlos Alberto , Pinheiro Pedro
Published: February 2025

Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) play a pivotal role in various cellular processes and have emerged as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of ROCK affects the production of key AD pathophysiological markers and reduces neuroinflammation. This study aims to accelerate the identification of effective candidates for neurodegeneration by drug repurposing. By conducting chemical space and crystallographic structure analyses, we developed a pharmacophoric map and optimized it to perform a virtual screening campaign. This approach led to the discovery of novel 6 already approved ROCK inhibitors: ruxolitinib (hROCK1IC50 = 0.025 µM; hROCK2IC50 = 0.007 µM), baricitinib (hROCK1IC50 = 0.019 µM; hROCK2IC50 = 0.011 µM), ponatinib (hROCK1IC50 = 0.197 µM; hROCK2IC50 = 0.056 µM), tivozanib (hROCK1IC50 = 12.86 µM; hROCK2IC50 = 0.856 µM), nialamide (hROCK1IC50 = 18.8 µM; hROCK2IC50 = 29.2 µM) and tucatinib (hROCK1IC50 = 51.45 µM; hROCK2IC50 = 18.62 µM). The results of this study highlight ruxolitinib and baricitinib as potent ROCK inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Tivozanib showed 15-fold selectivity for ROCK2 over ROCK1. Molecular dynamics simulations with ruxolitinib revealed a tight binding with the ATP-binding site of ROCK1 and ROCK2, with stable bidentate hydrogen bonding interactions with the main chain of amino acid residues in the hinge region of ROCK1 and ROCK2. In addition, ruxolitinib showed selectivity for ROCK enzymes across AGC kinase family, highlighting its interesting ROCK/JAK multitarget profile, which can open new avenues in the discovery of novel multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Biological validation revealed ruxolitinib’s safety profile against different neuronal and glial cell lines. Further, ruxolitinib reduced the immunolabeling for C3, a glial inflammation marker, in LPS-treated astrocytes. This work highlights ruxolitinib as a promising therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions and pave the way for the new in vitro/in vivo studies for its repurposing.
SnS anodes with high volumetric capacity for Na-ion batteries and their characterization in ether and ester electrolytes
Authors: WANG HUI , Sun Yanan , Schultz Thorsten , Mazzio Katherine A. , Ahuja Vinita , Li Yongchun , Baran Volodymyr , Koch Norbert , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: February 2025

A current limitation to improving the volumetric energy density of Na-ion batteries is the low density of the hard carbon(HC) anode. This problem could be solved by using high-density, high-capacity materials like SnS, which reacts with Na over a combined conversion and alloying reaction that theoretically provide 1022 mAh g–1 and 5335 mAh cc–1(materials level). Here, composites containing SnS and thermally activated graphite(t-G) are prepared by ball-milling and tested with different electrolyte solutions. Adding 5 wt% of t-G is sufficient to obtain significant improvements in capacity and cycle life, reaching 608 mAh g⁻¹ initially and 439 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. Even without calendaring, the obtained volumetric capacity of 283 mAh cc–1(electrode level) is already on-par with commercial HC electrodes. At the same time, ether-based electrolytes are found to be superior to esterbased electrolytes enabling high storage capacity and cycle life. The reaction is studied using different methods including operando XRD and operando dilatometry. The inferior performance in ester-based elecrolytes is found to be due to a larger polarization that largely prevents the alloying reaction that occurs close to 0 V. Over cycling, the conversion reaction becomes gradually inactive while the alloying reaction shows a much better degree of reversibility.
Fluoroacetyl Carbene Transfer from Sulfonium Salts
Authors: Sperga Arturs , Kinens Artis , Veliks Janis
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of organofluorine compounds is vital in developing innovative pharmaceuticals, materials, and agrochemicals. Fluorinated carbene transfer offers a promising strategy for forming new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, facilitating the incorporation of fluorine into target structures. In this study, we introduce a novel fluoroacetyl sulfonium reagent, (2-ethoxy-1-fluoro-2-oxoethyl)(phenyl)(2,3,4,5-tetramethylphenyl)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (1), serving as an effective alternative to the currently unknown 2-diazo-2-fluoroacetate for ethyl fluoroacetyl carbene transfer. This reagent is applied in Doyle-Kirmse and cyclopropanation reactions, operating under mild conditions with the use of earth-abundant metal catalysts. This approach enables the efficient synthesis of valuable monofluorinated products.
Optimizing Cation-π Force Fields for Molecular Dynamics Studies of Competitive Solvation in Conjugated Organosulfur Polymers for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gayen Diptesh , Schütze Yannik , Groh Sebastien , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: February 2025

Lithium-sulfur (Li/S) batteries are emerging as a next-generation energy storage technology due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness. π-conjugated organosulfur polymers, such as poly(4-(thiophene-3-yl)benzenethiol) (PTBT), have shown promise in overcoming challenges such as the polysulfide shuttle effect by providing a conductive framework and enabling sulfur copolymerization. In these cathodes, cation-π interactions significantly influence Li+ diffusion and storage properties in π-conjugated cathodes, but classical OPLS-AA force fields fail to capture these effects. This study employs a bottom-up approach based on density functional theory (DFT) to optimize the nonbonded interaction parameters (OPLS-AA/corr.), particularly for the Li+-π interactions with the PTBT polymer. Following prior work, we used an ion-induced dipole potential to model the cation-π interactions. The impact of the solvent on the PTBT monomers was examined by computing the potential of mean force (PMF) between PTBT monomers and Li+ ions in both explicit and implicit solvents using the Boltzmann inversion of probability distributions close to room temperature. In the implicit solvent case, the magnitude of the binding free energy decreased with increasing dielectric constant, as the dominant electrostatics scaled with the dielectric constant. In contrast, in the explicit solvent case, considering the mixtures of organic solvent DME and DOL, the binding free energy shows minimal dependence on solvent composition due to the competing interaction of TBT and Li+ with the solvent molecules. However, increasing salt concentration decreases the binding free energy due to Debye-Hückel screening effects. In general, this work suggests that the optimized parameters can be widely used in the simulation of polymers in electrolytes for the Li/S battery to enhance the representation of cation-π interactions for a fixed charge force field.
Enabling accurate and large-scale explicitly correlated CCSD(T) computations via a reduced-cost and parallel implementation
Authors: Ladóczki Bence , Gyevi-Nagy László , Nagy Péter R. , Kállay Mihály
Published: February 2025

Parallel algorithms to accelerate explicitly correlated second-order Moller–Plesset (MP2) and coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] calculations and benchmarks on extended molecular systems are reported. A hybrid Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP)/Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallel approach is used to distribute the computational load among processor cores and compute nodes. The intermediates at both the MP2 and the CCSD(T) levels are expressed in a density fitting formalism, using only three-index quantities to decrease the amount of data to be stored and communicated. To further reduce compute time, the frozen natural orbital, the natural auxiliary function, and the natural auxiliary basis schemes are implemented in a hybrid parallel manner. The combination of these three approximations and our recent size-consistent explicitly correlated triples correction with the new hybrid parallelization offers a unique accuracy-over-cost performance among explicitly correlated CC methods. Our comprehensive benchmarks demonstrate excellent parallel scaling of the cost-determining operations up to hundreds of processor cores. As demonstrated on the non-covalent interaction energy of the corannulene dimer, highly- accurate explicitly correlated CCSD(T) calculations can be carried out for systems of 60-atoms and 2500 orbitals, which were beyond computational limits without local correlation approximations. This enables various applications, such as benchmarking of or, for certain size ranges, replacing local CCSD(T) or density functional methods as well as the further advancement of robust thermochemistry protocols designed for larger molecules of ca. 20–50-atoms.
Structure of Baculum of Five Species of Mountain Voles of Subgenus Alticola Blanford, 1881
Authors:   Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Gumennikova S. S.
Published: February 2025

Mountain voles of genus Alticola (Rodentia) are common in mountainous regions of Central and Northeast Asia are relatively poorly studied, and some of them are included in regional Red Book. Regardless some progress to understand a taxonomic relationships within genus Alticola, some issues remain unexplored. This article presents data on the morphological features of baculum of five species of mountain voles from mountainous regions of southern Siberia (Tuva, Khakassia and Prebaikalia) and Mongolia (Lake Hovsgol). We studied the os penis of 27 vole specimens processed using the differential skeletal staining method. For metric analysis of the shape of the baculum, we applied the baculum index. Two pairs of species can be distinguished among those possessing the most similar baculum shapes: Tuva mountain vole A. tuvinicus tuvinicus and A. tuvinicus khubsugulensis first and A. semicanus and A. strelzowi second. The baculum of A. t. tuvinicus and A. t. khubsugulensis differ only in the shape of the medial process but the baculum of Mongolian mountain vole A. semicanus and flat-headed vole A. strelzowi is very similar and differs only in the shape of the "shoulder". The remaining two species are distinguished from the others by a single element. In Olkhon mountain vole A. olchonensis the baculum bone is similar in shape to A. t. tuvinicus, but differs by a noticeable curvature of the stem in the lateral projection, Gobi Altai mountain vole A. barakshin has a heart-shaped base. Among the studied baculums of mountain voles of the Alticola subgenus, it is difficult to identify any element by which the sexual ossicles differed radically from each other, which showed variability in shape and size in interpopulation variability at the speciesand subspecies-level. The results of our study of baculum morphology are consistent with the data on phylogenetic relationships within the Alticola genus. Species that are morphologically and genetically similar to each other have extremely similar form of baculum (Tuva and Olkhon voles), and species with species independence (Gobi Altai vole) have pronounced differences in this character.
On Pollution of Agricultural Lands by Household Solid Waste (Irkutsk Region, East Siberia)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Kaminskaya A. V. , Lopatovskaya O. G. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the problem of anthropogenic pollution of agricultural lands caused by landfills of solid household waste (MSW). Lands intended for agricultural production are of particular strategic importance. Due to man-made pollution, there is a change in the chemical composition of the soil, which leads to its degradation and exclusion from agricultural circulation. The main objectives of the study are to identify the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on soil fertility, as well as to minimize or eliminate the effects of pollution to protect the environment using reclamation methods. The paper presents the results of a study of agrochernozem conducted on the territory of the landfill before and after its liquidation. In 2023 The soil under the landfill showed a high level of organic pollution, especially in terms of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, as well as exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations for substances such as zinc and lead (hazard class 1) and copper (hazard class 2). The main recommendations on soil reclamation are given. In 2023, at the time of soil contamination under solid waste, an increase in the copper content was detected (gross form up to 97 mg/kg, mobile form up to 10 mg/kg; standard < 3 mg/kg), an increase in nitrate levels (up to > 440 million -1; standard < 130 million -1), an increase in lead concentration (gross form up to 150 mg/kg, mobile form up to 92 mg/kg; exceeded the standard), zinc content (gross form up to 1138.9 mg/kg, mobile form up to 516.4 mg/kg; standards exceeded). The change in the chemical properties of the soil depended on the type of waste and its chemical composition. According to the inspection results, construction waste prevailed, which became a source of heavy metals such as lead and copper. The source of sulfur pollution was emissions from industrial activities, and nitrates were organic waste containing nitrogen as a result of the use of pesticides and agrochemicals on a neighboring site. After carrying out measures to clear the cluttered part of the MSW land, repeated analysis showed a decrease in excess of the maximum permissible concentration of heavy metals, however, the concentration of pollutants at the site of the former clutter is still increased compared to the background sample. The reclamation of this land plot took place without a reclamation plan and without introducing any reducing substances into the soil. To completely clean the soil from pollution, it is necessary to apply methods of biological remediation.
Legal Regulation of the Activities of Government Agencies to Combat Child Homelessness in Buryatia (1920–1930)
Authors:   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Batorova T. P.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of state bodies in the 1920s-1930s to combat
homelessness in Soviet Russia, as well as in its individual territories. Legislative acts aimed at improving the lives
of street children are analyzed, and the forms of work of state bodies to eliminate homelessness are investigated. It
was revealed that the activities to combat homelessness were organized and multidirectional, various forms of
work with homelessness were adopted, namely, the upbringing of street children within the framework of work.
Emotional after-effects of the New Zealand Whakaari eruption on burns and theatre healthcare workers
Authors: Ng Lillian , Schache Kiralee , Young Marie , Sinclair Joanna
Published: February 2025

aim: The objective of this study was to examine the emotional experiences of healthcare workers after caring for injured patients following New Zealand’s Whakaari/White Island volcanic eruption in 2019.
method: This qualitative research used interpretive description methodology and was conducted at a public health service, Te Whatu
Ora Counties Manukau, based in Auckland, New Zealand. Data were collected from two audio-recorded focus group interviews, which
were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
results: There were six participants from clinical, allied and technical disciplines from anaesthesia, plastic surgery and specialist burns services. Three salient themes were identified: 1) reckoning with aftermath, 2) collective emotional after-effects, and 3) cumulative harm amidst system constraints.
conclusion: Healthcare organisations can anticipate deep psychological effects on healthcare workers after a mass casualty event.
Opportunities for emotional processing may counter the stoicism of medical culture, particularly for those who sustain cumulative harm by recurrent exposure to trauma. More research is required to ascertain how to better meet the challenges of addressing healthcare workers’ wellbeing after large-scale disasters.
The adverse impact of disability funding cuts on individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: Porter Richard , Trip Henrietta , Daffue Chris , Fitzjohn Julie , Renison Peri
Published: February 2025

During 2024, significant changes were made to funding available for the support of individuals with intellectual disability. These included a “freeze” on funding for residential care and a restriction of what flexible funding can be used for. This article examines the serious adverse effects of these changes, which we have observed in our clinical practice with this vulnerable group of people.
Electrical Generator Design for Darrieus-Type Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Bach Patrick , Shintake Tsumoru , Takebe Hideki , Fujita Jun , Shindou Toshio , Uchibori Kazuaki , Shimizu Masayuki , Ochiai Hiroyasu , Yoshimura Yoshiharu , Kanno Isaku
Published: February 2025

In this study, an electrical generator was designed for a wave energy converter in which the electricity is generated via horizontal axis-oriented Darrieus turbines installed in the naturally oscillating water near the breaking wave zone. The design goal is to achieve an average output power of >10 kW at 180 rpm, with safe underwater installation and waterproof construction. To verify the expected performance, a scaled-down generator was built with identical configurations, with the stack length reduced from 400 mm to 60 mm, and the expected output power reduced to >1 kW at 180 rpm under test conditions. The evaluation results showed that the desired characteristics were achieved with an output power of 1356 W at 180 rpm and an efficiency of 80.1%. Further, our height-adjustable platform ensures high efficiency at both low and high tide. The variable stack length in our WEC design allows the output power to be adapted to the specific location conditions. Once the experimental tests with the small-scale turbines are accomplished, we plan to conduct field tests with our full-scale wave energy converter.
Time-Varying Connectedness Between Global Uncertainties and Economic Activity in a Developing Economy Using a Dynamic Conditional Correlation — GARCH Model
Authors: Abdulai M. G. , Salakpi A. , Mahama I.
Published: February 2025

As economies become increasingly interconnected, individual economies are at risk of shocks from external uncertainties ranging from fluctuations in climate regulations to geopolitical conflicts and international economic policies.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the time-varying correlation between global uncertainties (e. g., global economic policy uncertainty, climate policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk) and economic activity in a developing economy using a dynamic conditional correlation generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model.

The relevance of the research lies in the increasing interconnectedness of global economies and the subsequent exposure of individual economies to external shocks.

The scientific novelty is hinged on the study being among the first to study the relationship in Ghana. Using monthly data for the 2002–2022 period for Ghana, we estimate a multivariate GARCH model.

The results of the study indicate that climate policy uncertainty and global economic policy uncertainty are mean reverting, implying that the volatility of the variables decay slowly and persists for a longer time such that the conditional variance will eventually return to its long-term average level after being disturbed by shocks. Global uncertainties over time are strongly negatively correlated with economic activity and produce significant spikes, especially during periods of major world events.

The study recommends that policymakers need to consider the prolonged impact of global uncertainties on economic performance when designing economic policies and interventions. The significant spikes during major global events highlight the importance of crisis management and preparedness in maintaining economic stability during periods of heightened uncertainty.
Metrics from a Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening Program – A Tale of Unmet Challenges
Authors: Kanani Fatima , Kumar Vikram , Mushtaq Mamona , Sameer Dua , Ali Rehan
Published: February 2025

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common Inherited Metabolic Diseases for which newborn screening is recommended. A wide-scale program for this is lacking in our country.
We undertook a study to retrospectively review our metrics from a regional project for newborn screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism including frequency of elevated neonatal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), recall rate, rate of missed testing and turnaround time for results.
Subjects and Method: Retrospective data of neonates born between 13th July 2020 and 10th August 2021 was collected from electronic medical records. Dried blood spot specimens for TSH were collected from the umbilical cords for neonates born vaginally and by heel prick for those born by caesarian section and sent to the designated laboratory. Data was entered on Microsoft Excel and analyzed.
Results: 4037 babies were screened for neonatal TSH, 2149 males and 1888 females. The median (IQR) TSH level was 3.34 (2.09-5.30) µIU/mL. The TSH levels of ≥15 µIU/mL were noted in 95 newborns, out of which 31 newborns had values of ≥ 20 µIU/mL. There was a median (IQR) turnaround time of 14.00 (4.00-55.00) days for initial results accessibility to the clinician. The recall rate was 0.3%.  Around 10% of the neonates were not screened and retesting was performed in 12 neonates with high TSH. Only one neonate was identified with persistently raised TSH and suppressed FT4.
Conclusion: Congenital Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in one out of 4037 neonates while 10% were not screened. Recall rate was low, 0.3%. The median turnaround time for reporting was 14 days. Increased awareness, strict monitoring, resource allocation, administrative support and follow-up are required for successful implementation of a CH screening program.
AZƏRBAYCANIN TURİZM SAHƏSİNİN DAYANIQLI İNKİŞAFIN TƏMİN OLUNMASI XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
Authors: N.M. Kalantarli  , S.V. Guliyeva  , T.G. Farajova
Published: February 2025

Dayanıqlı turizm turizm sahəsinin davamlılığını təmin etmək üçün həyata keçirilən prosedurları qeyd etməklə turizm resurslarından hərtərəfli və mənalı istifadəni təşviq edir. Dayanıqlı turizm turizm resurslarından ən səmərəli istifadə üzərində qurulur. Beləliklə, dayanıqlı turizm həm də davamlı turizm kimi tanınır. Müasir dövrdə bir çox ölkələr təbiət, cəmiyyət, iqtisadi tərəqqi və ətraf mühit şəraiti arasında daimi əlaqələr qurmağa çalışırlar. Dünyada insanların sayının artması və mədəni tələblər ilə yanaşı, məhdud resurslar təkcə bir məkan üçün deyil, bütün dünya üçün davamlı turizmin inkişafı ehtiyacını vurğulayır.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ИНТЕРАКТИВНОГО УРОКА НА УРОВНЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СПОРТИВНОГО И ЯЗЫКОВОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: «ИСТОРИЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПАРАДЗЮДОИСТА ИЛЬХАМА ЗАКИЕВА. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПРЕДЛОГОВ С ПАДЕЖАМИ»
Authors: E.S. Tagiyeva
Published: February 2025

В мае 2024 года Азербайджанская государственная академия физической культуры и спорта переименована в Академию спорта Азербайджана. Расширен перечень специальностей спортивного образования на уровне бакалавриата («общая физическая подготовка», «массово-оздоровительный спорт», «адаптивная физическая культура»). После победоносной Карабахской войны отмечается увеличение интереса к вопросам реабилитации и социализации инвалидов. В статье рассматриваются вопросы повышения качества преподавания в спортивном вузе, условия реализации стратегий интерактивного обучения, способствующие наиболее эффективному овладению иностранным языком. Предложена модель интерактивного урока по деловой и академической коммуникации на русском языке, разработанной по результатам сертификации (95 баллов) прослушанного автором статьи курса усовершенствования «İdman təhsili: Tədris və təlimə fərqli baxış (Спортивное образование: различные взгляды на преподавание и обучение» (апрельавгуст 2024 г.) в Азербайджанской спортивной академии.
LATIN VƏ FRANSIZ DİLİNİN İNGİLİS LÜĞƏTİNƏ TƏSİRİ
Authors: U.A. Shahniyarova
Published: February 2025

İngilis dili tarixi boyu başqa dillərdən çox sayda söz götürmüşdür. Bu dillərdən biri də ilk dövrlərindən indiyədək ingilis dilinə təsir edən Latın dili idi. Bəzi dillər var ki, mümkün qədər yad terminlərdən qaçmağa çalışırlar. Onlar bunu yerli elementlərdən düzələn yeni sözlər yaratmaqla edirlər. İngilis dili isə həmişə xarici sözlərdən istifadə etmişdir. İngilis dili xüsusilə xarici təsirlərə açıqdır.
İngilis dili tarixi boyu bir neçə dildən sözlər götürmüşdür. İngilis leksikonundakı xarici elementlərin böyük hissəsi Latın və ya Fransız mənşəlidir, lakin bir sıra digər dillər də ingilis dilinə təsir göstərmişdir, məsələn, Skandinaviya.
Aparılan tədqiqatlarda ingilis dilinin bütün tarixi boyunca Latın dilindən alınma sözlərdən bəhs edilir. Nəzərə almaq lazımdır ki, fransız dili də siyasi səbəblərdən ingilis dilinin lüğətinə böyük təsir göstərmişdir. Fransız və Latın dillərində zəriflik olmadığı üçün ingilis dili özünü nəfis ifadə edə bilmirdi. Bir neçə alim tərəfindən araşdırma aparılıb və ingilis dilinə xarici təsirləri müzakirə edən çoxlu yaxşı kitablar nəşr edilmişdir. Bu kitablar dilin tarixindən bəhs edir və onların leksika haqqında fəsilləri dildə olan xarici təsirlərdən bəhs olunur. Bu sahədə aparılan tədqiqatları çətinləşdirən odur ki, Kontinental Dövrə, yəni AngloSaxonların Britaniya adalarına köç etməsinə qədər olan dövrdə heç bir yazılı qeyd yoxdur.
TƏDRİSDƏ TƏLƏBƏ MƏRKƏZLİ YANAŞMA
Authors: J.M. Nasirova
Published: February 2025

Müəllim mərkəzli yanaşma-dan uzaqlaşmanın vurğulanması artdıqca, tədris və öyrənmədə tələbə mərkəzli yanaşma diqqət mərkəzində olmuşdur. Termin geniş şəkildə istifadə olunsa da, müəllim mərkəzli və tələbə mərkəzli yanaşmaların davamlı xarakterini nəzərə alaraq onun necə effektiv şəkildə istifadə oluna biləcəyi qeyri-müəyyən olaraq qalır. Bu sahədə aparılan araşdırmalar tələbə mərkəzli yanaşmanın operativləşdirilməsi üsullarını sistemli şəkildə təqdim etmək üçün onların məzmununun tematik təhlilini əhatə edir. Tələbə mərkəzli yanaşmanın tətbiqi kanalı, tələbələrin icma və dizayn layihələri kimi layihələr üzərində işlədiyi və layihələri idarə etmələri və ya ən azı tədbirlər və ya həllər təklif etmələri gözlənilən layihə əsaslı öyrənmədir. Problemli öyrənmə layihə əsaslı öyrənmənin bir variantıdır və tələbələr tez-tez layihələrdən daha az geniş olan ssenarilər, hadisələr, suallar və ya problemlər üzərində işləyirlər. Problemin həlli adətən mühazirələrdən əvvəl öz-özünə öyrənməni təşviq etmək və araşdırma işlərini asanlaşdırmaq üçün aparılır. Arqumentlərə əsaslanan kurikulum tələbələri verilmiş mövzu üzrə müxtəlif perspektivlərin özünü kəşf etməsinə cəlb edən arqumentləri və debatları özündə birləşdirir. Tələbə mərkəzli yanaşma tədqiqat, qarşılıqlı əlaqə, oyunlaşdırma, simulyasiyalar və əks əlaqə üçün texnologiyadan istifadə ilə sıx bağlıdır. Tələbə mərkəzli rəylər məqsədyönlü əks əlaqə vasitəsilə fəal öyrənməyə təkan verir, adaptiv tədris isə tələbələri məzmunun qurulmasına cəlb edir. Bu baxış tədris və öyrənmədə tələbə mərkəzli elementlərin təkmilləşdirilməsinə töhfə verir.
CONSIDERAÇÕES PRELIMINARES SOBRE AS LINHAS DE PEDRA ENTRE AS RODOVIAS AM-010 E AM-363 – AMAZONAS
Authors: Silva Danniely Souza da , Cavalcante Leonilson Magalhães , Amaral Esmeralda Santos do , Sales Raíla Machado de , Pereira Pedro Henrique de Souza , Molinari Deivison Carvalho
Published: February 2025

RESUMO - As stone lines (linhas de pedra) ou paleopavimento rudáceos constituem-se nos horizontes de fragmentos grossos, resistentes à alteração química, freqüentemente encontrados no interior de coberturas pedológicas das zonas intertropicais. Este artigo é fruto das atividades de campo realizadas nos municípios amazonenses de Itacoatiara, Rio Preto da Eva, Silves e Itapiranga, ao longo das rodovias AM 010 e AM 363, e tem como objetivo realizar descrição das formas de relevo e da bacia hidrográfica no entrocamento das rodovias e, caracterizar as linhas de pedra (stone lines) e seu significado paleoambiental. A metodologia utilizada foi abertura de trincheiras em topossequência (vale-vertente-platô) e perfis em taludes nas rodovias. A área de estudo corresponde ao km 207 da rodovia estadual AM 010 (Manaus - Itacoatiara), que interliga os municípios de Rio Preto da Eva e Itacoatiara, exatamente no entrocamento com a rodovia AM 363 que liga aos municípios de Silves e Itapiranga. Os resultados permitiram afirmar que as stone line prologam-se para o interior dos depósitos sedimentares foram identificadas nos taludes e nas trincheiras nº 3 e 4 (ou, Croquis “C” e “D”), apresentam dimensões entre 2 a 4cm tamanho, na forma de fragmentos subarredondados, obedecendo a declividade gradual da vertente.
LUTAS NA CIDADE: O MARACATU NAS MANIFESTAÇÕES EM MANAUS
Authors: Gomes Mesquita Vinícius , Verri de Santana Paola
Published: February 2025

O maracatu de baque virado é uma das manifestações populares que deixam de lado algumas tradições e se modificaram com o tempo e o espaço. O que antes era expressão cultural afro-brasileira de Pernambuco, no período atual alcança escala internacional por meio dos ativismos sociais da contemporaneidade. É através dos tambores que ecoam nos espaços públicos, que o povo expressa suas necessidades, expondo vulnerabilidades dos contextos sociais que vivenciam nas diversas cidades brasileiras. Os maracatus manauaras, grupos inseridos na cena cultural, evidenciam limitações nas políticas públicas nessa área da vida urbana amazonense. Para isso, o objetivo do presente artigo é trazer uma discussão referente a espacialização e significado das as manifestações e atos políticos onde os maracatus Eco da Sapopema, Baque Mulher e Pedra Encantada participaram efetivamente na ocupação dos espaços públicos. A investigação tomou como base a vivência e a observação participante dos pesquisadores envolvidos, além de coletar dados em redes sociais e matérias jornalísticas, para uma sistematização de registros e realização de um mapeamento das espacialidades ocupadas durante essas manifestações. A pesquisa identificou as transformações dos maracatus, que se organizam no ativismo e mostrou como se inseriu no cotidiano, em especial, no centro de Manaus.
EMERGING TRENDS IN GREEN FINANCING: OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIAN BUSINESSES
Authors: Pillai Seema
Published: February 2025

Green financing has emerged as a pivotal mechanism to promote sustainable development by supporting projects that align with environmental objectives. Indian businesses are gradually recognizing the importance of integrating green financing into their strategic operations to mitigate environmental challenges and capitalize on opportunities in renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, and eco-friendly technologies. This study explores the concept, scope, and emerging trends in green financing while evaluating its potential impact on the Indian economy. Through an extensive literature review and analysis, the study highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by Indian businesses in adopting green financing strategies. It also proposes recommendations to enhance accessibility and effectiveness, thus paving the way for a sustainable future.