bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of
RNF213
Variants With Periventricular Anastomosis in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Xue Yimeng , Zeng Chaofan , Ge Peicong , Liu Chenglong , Li Junsheng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Dong , Zhang Qian , Zhao Jizong
Published: May 2022

Background:

The pathogenic mechanisms of periventricular anastomosis (PA) in moyamoya disease remain unknown. Here, we aimed to describe the angiographic profiles of PA and their relationships with really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 213 (RNF213) genotypes.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of moyamoya disease patients consecutively recruited between June 2019 and January 2021 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. C-terminal region of RNF213 was sequenced. Angiographic characteristics of PA vessels (lenticulostriate artery, thalamotuberal artery, thalamoperforating artery, anterior choroidal artery, and posterior choroidal artery) were compared between different groups of
RNF213
genotypes. The dilatation and extension of PA vessels were measured by using PA score (positive, score 1–5; negative, score 0). Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to assess variables associated with PA score. In addition, gene expression of RNF213 in human brain regions was evaluated from the Allen Human Brain Atlas.

Results:

Among 260 patients (484 hemispheres), 71.2% carried no
RNF213
rare and novel variants, 20.0% carried p.R4810K heterozygotes, and 8.8% carried other rare and novel variants. PA scores in patients with p.R4810K and other rare and novel variants were significantly higher than in wild-type patients (
P
<0.001). Age (odds ratio [OR], 0.958 [95% CI, 0.942–0.974];
P
<0.001), platelet count (OR, 0.996 [95% CI, 0.992–0.999];
P
=0.027), p.R4810K variant (OR, 2.653 [95% CI, 1.514–4.649];
P
=0.001), other rare and novel variants (OR, 3.197 [95% CI, 1.012–10.094];
P
=0.048), Suzuki stage ≥4 (OR, 1.941 [95% CI, 1.138–3.309];
P
=0.015), and posterior cerebral artery involvement (OR, 1.827 [95% CI, 1.020–3.271];
P
=0.043) were significantly correlated with PA score. High expression of RNF213 was detected in the periventricular area.

Conclusions:

RNF213
variants were confirmed to be associated with PA in moyamoya disease. Individuals with
RNF213
p.R4810K heterozygotes and other C-terminal region rare variants exhibited different angiographic phenotypes, compared with wild-type patients.
New species and new records in Neoibidionini and Hexoplonini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae)
Authors: GARCÍA KIMBERLY , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: May 2022

Four new species are described in Neoibidionini (Compsina): Corimbion wappesi, from Guatemala, Zacapa; Neocompsa pilosa, from Paraguay, Itapúa; Neocompsa soniae, from Panama, Chiriquí; and Heterachthes boliviensis, from Bolivia, La Paz. New country record, Trinidad and Tobago, as well as chromatic and morphological variations are reported to Gnomidolon incisum Napp & Martins, 1985 (Hexoplonini), and Compsibidion vandenberghei Heffern, Santos-Silva & Nascimento, 2018 (Neoibidionini, Neoibidionina). Additionally, a key to species of Corimbion Martins, 1970 are provided, and the two new species of Neocompsa Martins, 1965, and the new species of Heterachthes Newman, 1840 are included in a previous key.
Redescription and oviposition behavior of an orb-weaver spider parasitoid Hymenoepimecis cameroni Townes, 1966 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: GAIONE-COSTA ALEXANDER , DE PÁDUA DIEGO GALVÃO , DELAZARI ÍTALO MENDES , SANTOS ANDERSON RAIMUNDO SOUZA , KLOSS THIAGO GECHEL
Published: May 2022

Strategies to invade and exploit hosts for survival are an essential part of the parasitic lifestyle. Species of the Polysphincta genus group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), which utilize spiders as hosts, are examples of parasitoids that present several behavioral strategies in host immobilization and egg laying. In this study, we characterized the oviposition behavior of the Darwin wasp Hymenoepimecis cameroni Townes, 1966 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on their host spider, performed the taxonomic description of the female, and redescribed the male parasitoid. We observed eight H. cameroni females endeavoring to parasitize young Leucauge volupis (Keyserling, 1893) spiders. Each female made up to 12 successive attempts at oviposition, totaling 36 observed attacks, with only two successful attacks. The main oviposition behavior of H. cameroni individuals consists of flying close to the web and performing a direct attack on the spider, which often results in the spider escaping into the vegetation. We observed that in seven events where the spiders fled into the vegetation, the individuals of H. cameroni adopted a second strategy, which consisted of hanging from the hind legs in the web hub. This observation showed that the females of H. cameroni have the ability to modulate the oviposition strategy after a failure in the initial attack. The pattern observed for the attack of H. cameroni indicates that the ability to adjust the approach could be specific to the behavioral habits of L. volupis.
Morphological types of male copulatory organs of Bicornucythere bisanensis (Ostracoda, Crustacea) and the description of a new Bicornucythere species
Authors: NAKAMURA DAISUKE , TSUKAGOSHI AKIRA
Published: May 2022

This study is designed to evaluate the male copulatory organs and carapace size of the inner bay benthic ostracod Bicornucythere bisanensis. The male copulatory organs demonstrate noticeable intraspecific variation in the distal lobe, especially the length of the tip, which shows a gradual variation; whereas the thickness of the distal lobe is conservative within the species. The population from central Japan (Aburatsubo Cove) showed remarkable morphological variations, with four copulatory organ types, each type defined by a combination of four shapes of the right and left distal lobes (Shape R, r, L, and l). While the variety of carapace morphotypes have been previously reported, our findings suggest that one morphotype from western Japan (Misumi-cho) should be treated as a distinct species. Thus, we described it as Bicornucythere misumiensis sp. nov.
Weather Conditions and Messaging Associated with Fatal Winter-Weather-Related Motor-Vehicle Crashes
Authors: Tobin Dana M. , Reeves Heather D. , Gibson Maci N. , Rosenow Andrew A.
Published: May 2022

Winter-weather conditions pose an extreme hazard to motorists, resulting in approximately 1000 fatalities annually on U.S. roadways. Minimizing adverse impacts of winter weather requires (i) the identification of hazardous weather conditions leading up to and at the time of fatal crashes, and (ii) effective, targeted messaging of those hazards to motorists. The first objective is addressed by matching motor-vehicle-related fatalities from 2008 to 2019 to nearby weather reports to determine how precipitation types and other observable weather conditions (i.e., precipitation intensity, obscurations, and visibility) change leading up to crashes. One-half of fatalities occur in snow, with 75% occurring in ongoing snowfall. Of fatalities during freezing precipitation, 41% occur near the onset of freezing precipitation. In addition, 42% of fatalities have deteriorating weather conditions prior to the crash, primarily visibility reductions of ≥25%. The second objective is addressed by examining language currently used in National Weather Service Winter Weather Warning, Watch, or Advisory (WSW) issuances for fatal crashes. Only one-third of fatalities have a WSW. These WSWs both identify a road hazard (e.g., “roads will become slick”) and provide an action item for motorists (e.g., “slow down and use caution while driving”) but do not clearly convey tiered road-hazard ratings. Examination of non-weather-related attributes of fatal crashes suggest that variable-message signs along highways may be useful to communicate road hazards, and that future messaging should urge motorists to leave additional space around their vehicles, slow down, prepare for rapidly deteriorating conditions, and teach strategies to regain control of their vehicle.

Significance Statement

We find that approximately 1000 fatalities occur each year on U.S. roadways during winter weather. To inform how to reduce fatalities in the future, we identify weather conditions leading up to and at the time of fatal crashes and determine whether road hazards were publicly messaged alongside weather warnings and advisories. Ongoing snowfall, the onset of freezing precipitation, and visibility reductions were prominent factors found in many fatal crashes, suggesting that these may be important factors to address in future safety studies. Winter-weather warnings and advisories often contain language cautioning road hazards, yet only one-third of fatalities occur during conditions with such official statements. However, these statements do not clearly indicate how hazardous roads will be.
Interpersonal Communication in the Information Age: Opportunities and Disruptions
Authors: Ivan Loredana
Published: May 2022

Starting from the interpersonal communication theories that have incorporated the use of information and communication technologies (Walther, 2007, 2011, 2017) and the perpetual interconnectedness to understand human behavior in interaction with others (Walther et al., 2015), the current paper approaches challenges brought by the network society in the way we bridge our online and offline self. Castells’ concepts are primarily used to explain macro-phenomena, for example, social movements (Castells, 2015), political and socio-economic transformation around the world (Castells, 2017), and to a lesser extent in discussing meso-phenomena, such as social isolation, exhaustion, the commodification of human interactions and interpersonal conflicts arise as part of individual’s adaptation to the Information Age. The current paper creates links between Castells’ main concepts of the network society theoretical framework and three meso-theories used in the interpersonal communication field to explain people’s online behavior in interaction by focusing on the characteristics of the communication medium: The social presence theory, Media richness theory, and the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE). Sharing Castells’ optimism on how network society creates efficiency and innovation in human interactions, we draw attention to less optimistic aspects related to the constant pressure of constructing relationships through virtual reality.
Facilitating the Professional Development of International Counseling Psychology Students: Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Xu Hui , Flores Lisa Y.
Published: May 2022

The growing community of international counseling students in the United States has been a vital force in the internationalization of counseling psychology and the diversification of counseling practices. However, their intersectional identity of being both an international student and a counseling student is also associated with a variety of unique challenges in training and career development. This Special Issue includes five articles that address a conceptual model on international students’ social justice identity development, experiences of clinical training and clinical supervision, career barriers and coping efficacy, and experiences of counseling psychology faculty from international backgrounds. Each of these articles discusses challenges faced by international counseling psychology students and provides implications that can be used to facilitate the professional development of international counseling psychology students.
Anything but Inevitable: How the Marshall Plan Became Possible
Authors: McCourt David M. , Mudge Stephanie L.
Published: May 2022

Historians typically explain the Marshall Plan (1948–52) as an effect of a bipartisan embrace of liberal internationalism, which became the dominant ideology of US foreign policy. However, predominant accounts downplay interpretive contention, historical contingencies, and counterfactual possibilities that are very much in evidence. There was no bipartisan liberal internationalist consensus immediately after World War II; indeed, there were no “liberal internationalists” until 1947 . The present analysis identifies two interconnected processes behind the Plan: the emergence of a new kind of political actor, the credibly anti-Communist New Deal liberal, and the coalescence of an unlikely coalition of Trumanites, New Dealers, and congressional conservatives. Together, these processes enabled the passage of a large-scale, Keynesian-style spending initiative that excluded Russia, despite the electoral weakness of New Dealers, and the consolidation of liberal internationalist ideology in American foreign policy—with significance for today's era of renewed great power competition.
Quantifying means-end reasoning skills in simulation-based training: a logic-based approach
Authors: Stolpe Audun , Hannay Jo Erskine
Published: May 2022

We develop a logic-based approach for designing simulation-based training scenarios. Our methodology embodies a concise definition of the scenario concept and integrates the notions of training goals, acceptable versus unacceptable actions and performance scoring. The approach applies classical artificial intelligence (AI) planning to extract coherent plays from a causal description of the training domain. The domain- and task-specific parts are defined in a high-level action description language [Formula: see text]. Generic causal and temporal logic is added when the causal theory is compiled into the underlying Answer Set Programming (ASP) language. The ASP representation is used to derive a scoring function that reflects the quality of a play or training session, based on a distinction of states and actions into green (acceptable) and red (unacceptable) ones. To that end, we add to the casual theory a set of norms that specify an initial assignment of colors. The ASP engine uses these norms as axioms and propagates colors by consulting the causal theory. We prove that any set of such norms constitutes a conservative extension of the underlying causal theory. With this work, we hope to lay the foundation for the development of design and analysis tools for exercise managers. We envision a software system that lets an exercise manager view all plays of a tentative scenario design, with expediency information and scores for each possible play. Our approach is applicable to any domain in which means-ends reasoning is pertinent. We illustrate the approach in the domain of crisis response and management.
Reimagining Internal Transformational Resistance in High School Ethnic Studies
Authors: López Eduardo , López Jorge , Dueñas Roxana
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the ways the authors incorporate a transformational resistance framework in their ninth-grade ethnic studies curriculum. While literature on transformational resistance often highlights external forms of resistance, there is a need to examine the internal transformation youth experience when engaging in resistance. The authors utilize different theoretical tools that emerge from Latina/o Critical Theory (LatCrit) and Chicana feminist theories to analyze student responses. They also use testimonio and Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) pedagogy and methodology to measure the impact their curriculum has on students’ internal resistance. As part of the authors’ curriculum, the academic year culminates with a testimonio (narrative) published book and a YPAR project. By looking at students’ engagement with these two projects, the authors capture the journey towards critical awareness internally by identifying aspects of conocimiento that lead their students to transformational resistance.
Bang on the System: People’s Praxis and Pedagogy as Humanizing Violence
Authors: Camangian Patrick Roz , Stovall David Omotoso
Published: May 2022

Bang on the System pairs critical race theory (CRT) with the litany of radical democratic analysis guiding the social practices of various revolutionary movements, proposing a new pedagogical framework that deploys a mutually informed critical race praxis as the basis to engage historically dispossessed youth in their own learning. This lens is utilized to examine an interpretive case study from a corpus of existing qualitative data collected through teacher action inquiries in one of California’s most underserved schools and targeted communities. Specifically, the authors analyze the role of a People’s praxis as an effective pedagogy to mediate student resistance.
(Re)Imagining Transformational Resistance: Seeds of Resistance and Pedagogical Ruptures
Authors: Hannegan-Martinez Sharim , Mendoza Aviña Sylvia , Delgado Bernal Dolores , Solorzano Daniel G.
Published: May 2022

In this article, the authors (re)visit Solorzano and Delgado Bernal's (2001) Urban Education article, “Examining Transformational Resistance Through a Critical Race and LatCrit Theory Framework: Chicana and Chicano Students in an Urban Context,” to discuss transformational resistance in conversation with other works on youth resistance to (re)visit and (re)imagine student oppositional behaviors. Next, empirical examples offer theoretical and pedagogical contributions (ruptures) for nurturing all forms of resistance towards transformation. By disrupting punitive interpretations and responses that are imbued with racist and oppressive ideologies, we honor the potential for transformational resistance embedded in the “unrespectable” oppositional behaviors of Students of Color.
Does the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency matter? Geographical differences in ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market
Authors: Martiniello Billie , Verhaeghe Pieter-Paul
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate to which extent the ethnic and socio-economic composition of the neighbourhood is related to levels of discrimination in the rental housing market and how this is linked to theories of ethnic discrimination. Hereby, we divide the context into the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency, using data from 2385 correspondence tests conducted among realtors in the city of Antwerp in Belgium. Regarding the neighbourhood of the dwelling, we find a tipping point at one third ethnic minorities whereafter ethnic discrimination decreases, which is in line with the perceived preference hypothesis and customer-based prejudice. A lower socio-economic composition relates to lower general invitation rates, which we describe as an elaboration of Putnam’s hunkering down hypothesis. Regarding the neighbourhood of the real estate agency, a higher percentage of ethnic minorities leads to lower general invitation rates, also referring to the hunkering down hypothesis. The socio-economic neighbourhood composition of the agency, however, has no impact.
Incorporation of informal music learning practices in a primary classroom in Cyprus
Authors: Papazachariou-Christoforou Maria
Published: May 2022

Recently, a growing interest from music educators and researchers has focused on the ways informal music learning practices could be integrated in schools’ classrooms, in a response to bridge the gap between the music studied at school and the hidden or private musical world of our students. This qualitative case study investigated the use of Green’s informal learning approach in three stages as derived from Musical Futures, but with some differences. Participants were 18 fifth-grade students (aged 10–11 years) in a rural school in Cyprus, along with eight parents. The findings here focus on exploring the learning process that the children underwent, derived from a larger study which also examined the benefits (musical and extra-musical) perceived by children and their parents. Despite differences in the cultural contexts, musical styles, and ages of the children, findings reveal similarities with related work on informal music learning in other cultural contexts, and with Green’s original work. However, different from Green’s work which was set in secondary schools, but similar to other research on Musical Futures in primary schools, students extensively used singing and incorporated movement throughout the learning process. Findings support the notion that young students can construct their music learning when given the opportunity to be active agents and collaborators in the learning process.
An analysis of nutrient facts labels of pediatric multi-vitamin and mineral supplements: Is there a risk of overexposure?
Authors: Samuel Lalitha , Ethan Danna , Basch Corey , Dunne Stephanie , Quinn Christine
Published: May 2022

Background

Voluntary and mandatory fortification of pediatric foods, along with widespread consumption of dietary supplements have resulted in an increased proportion of children with excessive micronutrient intake.

Aim

This study aimed to analyze the proportion of pediatric dietary supplements that exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Tolerable Upper Limit for the individual micronutrients. We further identified the proportion of supplements with large amounts of micronutrients that were marketed through child-friendly and parent-geared promotional language and graphics on the packaging.

Methods

The nutrient facts label on pediatric supplement packages sold by three large retail pharmacy chains was analyzed for micronutrient content. Labels were examined for the presence of trademarked or generic cartoon characters and parent-geared health promotional statements.

Results

More than a third and almost a fifth of the samples contained vitamin A and niacin respectively in amounts equivalent to or above the established tolerable upper limit for one- to three-year-old children. A major proportion of these supplements had child-friendly and parent-targeted promotional language on the package.

Conclusion

The potential for pediatric supplements as a source for excessive micronutrient consumption underscores the need for parents and health care professionals to use nutrition labels as a valuable tool to prevent micronutrient toxicity.
Epidemic and Insurance: Two Forms of Solidarity
Authors: Barry Laurence
Published: May 2022

Despite their common core in statistics, insurance and epidemiology propel two different forms of solidarity. In insurance, the collective is a source of protection, thanks to the pooling of risks; in epidemics by contrast, the group remains the source of danger for the individual. The aim of this paper is to highlight the conceptions of community and solidarity at play in epidemics in contradistinction to insurance, with a focus on the shift introduced by big data and algorithms. Paradoxically, while the new technologies and epidemiology share a common view on the relation between the individual and the collective, tracing apps were not widely adopted in the Covid-19 crisis. This reluctance to use current technologies for the sake of epidemic containments highlights, beyond legitimate interrogations, a confusion between two imaginaries of the social: insurance solidarity where the interdependence is a source of rights, and epidemic solidarity that imposes duties.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children: An update of a single tertiary center 11-Year experience from Croatia
Authors: Bakoš Matija , Braovac Duje , Barić Hrvoje , Belina Dražen , Željko Đurić  , Dilber Daniel , Novak Milivoj , Matić Toni
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important treatment option for organ support in respiratory insufficiency, cardiac failure, or as an advanced tool for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Reports on pediatric ECMO use in our region are lacking.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective review of all pediatric cases that underwent a veno-arterial (VA) or veno-venous (VV) ECMO protocol between November 2009 and August 2020 at the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia.

Results:

Fifty-two ECMO runs identified over the period; data were complete for 45 cases, of which 23 (51%) were female, and median age was 8 months. Thirty-eight (84%) patients were treated using the VA-and 7 (16%) using VV-ECMO. The overall survival rate was 51%. Circulatory failure was the most common indication for ECMO ( N = 38, 84%), and in 17 patients ECMO was started after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR). Among survivors, 74% had no or minor neurological sequelae. Variables associated with poor outcome were renal failure with renal replacement therapy ( p < .001) and intracranial injury ( p < .001).

Conclusion

Overall survival rate in our cohort is comparable to the data published in the literature. The use of hemodialysis was shown to be associated with higher mortality. High rates of full neurological recovery among survivors are a strong case for further ECMO program development in our institution.
Is the Femoral-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index associated with hip pain in patients with hip dysplasia?
Authors: Urup Tønning Lisa , Schmid Markus , Barroso João , Hovind Benedicte , Hessain Dunia , Balling Marie , Jakobsen Stig Storgaard , Mechlenburg Inger
Published: May 2022

Background

Micro instability of the hip joint has been suggested to cause pain in patients with hip dysplasia. Recently, the Femoral-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index has been developed to evaluate hip instability in patients with dysplasia.

Purpose

To investigate associations between the FEAR index and patient-reported outcomes before and six months after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO).

Material and Methods

Radiographs of patients with hip dysplasia who underwent PAO between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively assessed by a radiologist and an orthopedic surgeon. Radiographic measurements indicative of hip instability (Shenton's line, FEAR index, center-edge angle of Wiberg, acetabular index of Tönnis, and the femoral neck-shaft angle) were measured. Data on hip pain, function, and quality of life were collected prospectively using the Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS).

Results

A total of 222 patients were included in the study. All radiographic measurements and patient-reported outcomes improved significantly from preoperative to six months postoperative ( P < 0.001). There were no differences in the change score of patient-reported outcomes between patients with a FEAR index >2° (indicative of hip instability) and patients with a FEAR index ≤2°.

Conclusion

The FEAR index was not associated with hip pain, function, and quality of life among patients with hip dysplasia. This study did not find evidence supporting that instability defined by the FEAR index caused pain in patients with hip dysplasia.
Spatial analysis of acoustic noise transfer function with a human-body phantom in a clinical MRI scanner
Authors: Hamaguchi Takashi , Miyati Tosiaki , Ohno Naoki , Matsushita Tatsuhiko , Takata Tadanori , Matsuura Yukihiro , Kobayashi Satoshi , Gabata Toshifumi
Published: May 2022

Background

The acoustic noise in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) potentially depends on the measurement position and presence of a patient inside the scanner bore.

Purpose

To analyze the spatial characteristics of the acoustic noise by using the gradient-pulse-to-acoustic-noise transfer function (GPAN-TF) with and without a human-body phantom on the examination table.

Material and Methods

Acoustic noise waveforms were acquired at 80 and 110 measurement positions with and without a phantom. The GPAN-TFs µPa/(mT/m) in the coils were calculated by deconvolution. The phantom effect on the spatial distribution of the acoustic noise was assessed using the peak sound pressure levels (SPLs), mean values, peak values, and peak frequencies of the GPAN-TFs.

Results

The peak SPLs in all positions for the X-, Y-, and Z-gradient coils were increased by 11.1 dB, 1.4 dB, and 6.1 dB, respectively, compared with the peak SPL of the magnetic isocenter. The maximum peak SPLs among all positions of the X-, Y-, and Z-gradient coils with the phantom were increased by 4.9 dB, 7.4 dB, and 6.9 dB, respectively, relative to those without the phantom. However, the peak SPLs decreased at some positions with the phantom placed on the table (X-gradient coil = 4.6 dB, Y-gradient coil = 5.0 dB, Z-gradient coil = 8.4 dB). The most common peak frequencies were in the range of 2000–3000 Hz.

Conclusion

“Hotspot” areas with and without the phantom were associated with acoustic noise sources in the clinical MRI scanner and were enhanced by the phantom's presence.
Many Paths to Recovery: Comparing Basic Function and Participation in High-Functioning Older Adults After Acute Hospitalization
Authors: Arieli Maya , Kizony Rachel , Gil Efrat , Agmon Maayan
Published: May 2022

Function after acute hospitalization is mostly operationalized by Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), a limited concept that overshadows a wide range of instrumental, social, and recreational activities, otherwise referred to as participation. Participation is important for patients’ health and quality of life after hospitalization. This study focuses on high-functioning older adults, examining functional recovery after hospitalization by comparing BADL assessment with assessment of participation at one and three months following discharge relative to pre-hospitalization. Quantitative data were collected from 72 participants divided into two age groups of hospitalized older adults (age 65–74, n = 38; age ≥75, n = 34), followed by home visits after 1 month and telephone interviews 3 months after discharge. Both groups experienced a significantly greater decline in participation, compared with BADL, which were mostly preserved. A comprehensive assessment of participation better captures functional changes in high-functioning older adults. Early identification of participation withdrawal is crucial for preventing disability.
Low-Threshold Testing for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Long-Term Care Facilities Early in the First Pandemic Wave, the Twente Region, the Netherlands: A Possible Factor in Reducing Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Geeraedts Felix , Luttje Mariska , Visschedijk Jan , van Hattem Monique , Hasper Henk-Jan , Kohnen Roy , Loman Rene , de Goede Rudi , Jansen Desiré , Hess Dorine , al Naiemi Nashwan
Published: May 2022

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a shortage of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests, and testing patients with mild symptoms (low-threshold testing) was not recommended in the Netherlands. Despite these guidelines, to protect those who were most at risk, low-threshold testing was advocated and offered to the majority of long-term care institutions in the Twente region. In this manner, 144 healthcare workers and 96 residents tested SARS-CoV-2-positive and were isolated before the same service was provided nationwide by public health services. Strikingly, excess mortality rate in the Twente region 1 month after the introduction of this strategy was found to be 62%–89% lower than that in neighboring regions, which may be explained by this divergent testing strategy. In an emerging pandemic, early implementation of a liberal testing policy may be more effective than restricted testing in settings with a high death rate.
Analysis of the Social Network and the Evolution of the Influence of Ancient Chinese Poets
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Wei Yuting , Wu Bin
Published: May 2022

Chinese classical poetry occupies an important position in ancient Chinese literature. However, the existing research on Chinese classical poetry is usually limited to a certain poet or dynasty to analyze its historical and cultural influence and lacks comprehensive research on the process of ancient poetry from the perspective of time and space. We integrate multisource data and information, including poets’ biographies and Chinese classical poetry, to build a relatively complete social network of 41,310 poets. Based on this network, we use natural language processing and social network analysis techniques to research the relationships between poets. For example, how poets of different dynasties and different schools relate to each other. In order to quantitatively analyze the changing process of poets’ influence over a period of time, we propose a new method—time-series entropy weight method—to calculate the dynamic changing process of poets’ influence over time. Besides, we evaluate and discuss the method of calculating the influence of poets by means of propagation dynamics model and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Through the study of the complex social relations of poets and the quantification of their influence, we can assist in the study of the development of different schools and styles of ancient poetry. Our work offers a new, data-driven, long-run perspective on the evolution of Chinese poetry for historical researchers and enthusiasts to understand the complex relationships among historical figures.
Oral Pathology in Portuguese Dogs: An Eight-Year Biopsy-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Delgado Leonor , Brilhante-Simões Paula , Prada Justina , Monteiro Luis
Published: May 2022

The oral cavity of the dog can be the site of several types of pathology including both benign and malignant lesions. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and clinical-pathological characteristics of oral lesions present in a cohort of Portuguese dogs. A retrospective observational cross-sectional study on 704 canine oral lesions submitted for histopathological diagnosis to a Veterinary Pathology Center in the north of Portugal from 2010 to 2017 was performed. Gender, age, location of the lesion and the histopathological diagnosis was analysed. From the 704 cases included, 307 (43.6%) were females and 397 (56.4%) males. The mean age was 9.53 ± 3.6 years-old (range 3 to 240 months). The site most frequently affected was the gingiva (n = 283; 40.2%). 342 (48.6%) cases were malignant neoplasms, most represented by oral melanoma (n = 129; 37.7%). 256 (36.4%) cases were benign neoplasms, most represented by fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin/peripheral odontogenic fibroma (FEPLO/POF) (n = 208;81.3%). 106 (15%) were non-neoplastic lesions, most represented by gingival hyperplasia (n = 25, 23.6%). This study provides useful information about frequency and distribution of oral lesions in dogs over a period of eight years allowing valuable comparison with other countries and other species. The most common benign tumours were FEPLO/POF while oral melanoma was the most common malignant tumour.
‘This is our treehouse’: Investigating play through a practice architectures lens
Authors: Kaukko Mervi , Wilkinson Jane , Haswell Nick
Published: May 2022

This article explores a child-led project of building a treehouse through the theory of practice architectures. It draws on video data collected by 13 children wearing microcameras (GoPro) in a multicultural Australian primary school. The data was co-analysed with the children. The article illuminates how play practices emerge, diffuse, persist and/or disappear with time. This knowledge is needed to understand the different facets of free play and build enabling conditions for its unfolding.
A novel tool wear suppression method for polycrystalline diamond by applying magnetic field in turning of ferrous materials
Authors: Wang Jianpeng , Wen Yufeng , Han Junhong , Ma Shuai , Zhang Guoqing
Published: May 2022

Ferrous materials are widely used in the mould industry because of their excellent properties. However, ferrous materials are regarded as difficult-to-cut materials for diamond turning due to their affinity for diamond. The resulting catastrophic tool wear leads to high machining costs in ultraprecision turning. The unpaired d-electrons in the workpiece are regarded as the dominant element causing catastrophic diamond wear during the turning. However, an insightful method for unpaired d-electrons in existing assisted machining schemes is still lacking. As a type of diamond tool, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools are inexpensive to appropriately carry out wear experiments. Therefore, in this study, a novel assisted method based on a magnetic field (MF) was applied to suppress the PCD tool wear. Experimental results demonstrated that the MF-assisted machining can reduce the flank wear of PCD tools by 30.6%. The spin polarisation of d-electrons by the MF was the dominant mechanism inhibiting the chemical reaction and graphitisation, and thus suppressing the PCD tool wear. Simultaneously, the suppression of machining system vibration by the Lorentz force also had a positive effect on the suppression of the PCD tool wear. The innovative method provides an assisted machining scheme to inhibit the catastrophic wear of PCD tools.
Numerical study on energy absorption characteristics of bio-mimetic multi-cell thin-walled structures with different hierarchy
Authors: Hao Peng , Li Lin’an , Liu Kai , Xie Zhiqiang , Du Jianxun
Published: May 2022

Horsetail plant is the most primitive terrestrial plant bred by spores. After hundreds of millions of years of evolution, the internal structure of horsetail plant stem is composed of multiple cavity which brings excellent impact resistance. The investigation of the internal thin-walled structure of horsetail plant can be used to improve the energy absorption property of the existing thin-walled structure, and has important significance and application potential for the design of anti-collision structure. In this study, four kinds of bio-mimetic thin-walled models with different shapes of cross-sections were proposed and established based on the horsetail plants, and the energy absorption values of the structures were calculated and analyzed by numerical method. The squ-3rd structure with the highest specific energy absorption value of 49.121 kJ/kg was obtained. Then the specific energy absorption value and crushing force efficiency of the structure under different parameters, including wall thickness, side length height ratio, and impact angle were calculated and discussed. Based on the numerical simulation results, we found that for the third-order form of structure with square cross-section, the structure with the wall thickness between 1 and 1.25 mm showed better crushing resistance. And, the energy absorption characteristics of the structure were found to have better performance when the side length height ratio is 1:1.
Modern analogs for understanding pollen-vegetation dynamics in a Mediterranean mosaic landscape (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Servera-Vives Gabriel , Mus Amezquita Maurici , Snitker Grant , Florenzano Assunta , Torri Paola , Estrany Bertos Joan , Mercuri Anna Maria
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the study of modern pollen analogs from the Balearic Islands. While similar studies have been largely applied to mainland areas, research focused on modern vegetation dynamics on Mediterranean islands remains very rare. In this research, we combine vegetation surveys, pollen analysis and multivariate statistics to understand landscape composition. The main objectives of are: (1) to examine pollen-vegetation relationships in relation to environmental and land-use variables; (2) to understand modern pollen representation in a mosaic landscape structure; and (3) to propose pollen indicators that characterize the primary vegetation types from the Balearic Islands to better interpret past pollen records in Mediterranean island environments. Pollen results and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) distinguish three major groups: (a) Holm oak and box formations; (b) maquis and garrigues; and (c) anthropogenic and open habitats. Landscape form, mean decadal rainfall, mean decadal temperature, fire activity, trampling, slope percentage, wet/flooded soil, saline soil, distance to agropastoral cells, gHM index, domestic herbivory presence, agropastoral use, and soil type are the major variables explaining modern pollen assemblage variation in our research. Poaceae undiff., Plantago sp., Apiaceae undiff., Cerealia-t, and Cichorieae are highly correlated to human activities but should be interpreted cautiously when occurring in low values. Quercus ilex-t, Hypericum, and Buxus are correlated to humid locations while Pistacia, Pinus, Juniperus-t, and Olea to high mean decadal temperatures. Our study indicates how pollen analysis and multivariate analysis are powerful tools for characterizing the mosaic landscape, with special focus on the main vegetation types of the Balearic Islands.
Working Capital Financing for MSMEs in the Pandemic Era: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Deb Rajat , Baruah Devi
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced Indian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to find survival techniques aided by expanded public policy prerogatives. The shock has left MSMEs in a state of existential crisis, but perhaps the actual issues lie in managing working capital finance (WCF). The article aimed to construct solutions for sustaining the WCF for MSMEs post-pandemic while acknowledging the obstacles. Following the new normal, innovation and technology acceleration have prompted a map of action for resolving WCF requirements in coping with bottlenecks. The current analysis likely helped MSMEs, financiers, governments and others rethink their WCF strategies.
A Historical Reconsruction of Political, Social and Economic Challenges among people of Indian Origin in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Singh Anand
Published: May 2022

This paper is a brief historical reconstruction, from already widely established research, of political events that shaped and determined the nature of Indian involvement in South African politics and the identity issues that prevailed among them from their first arrival in 1860. It takes the position that through diversity among Indians, brought about by class, caste, language and religion, political struggles and identities among Indians were influenced by the relevant political issues at hand and therefore must be viewed as being essentially fluid as a result of this. The information here identifies at least four periods in which the political struggles have been waged by Indians over the 146 year period that they have been resident in South Africa. I argue here that despite Indians being the smallest of the ethnic minorities in South Africa, understanding their struggles and their ongoing negotiation of identities is relevant to the broader political landscape in the country. The paper ends with a commentary on issues of contemporary relevance and future research among Indians in South Africa.
“Inside” the Field: Research Experiences and Challenges in Studying Transnational Indian Women Professionals in Durban, Kwazulu–Natal
Authors: Pattundeen Gerelene
Published: May 2022

This paper is about fieldwork experiences and challenges encountered in a study of 30 transnational Indian women professionals in Durban, Kwazulu-Natal. A range of issues are addressed including that of being an “insider” researcher among women who belong to the same ethnic, class, gender and professional categories; the notions of “ studying sideways” and “ parachuting” within the context of the professionalization of migration; cyber-ethnography as a means of monitoring social trends within expatriate communities; and the changing boundaries of the “field” that researching migration and transnationalism entail. The paper examines these issues in relation to the increasing methodological limitations facing fieldworkers in a global society.
The “Beards” versus the “Bards” among Indian Muslims in South Africa: A 21st Century Story of Travelling Cartoons and Protests
Authors: Vahed Goolam
Published: May 2022

This paper examines Indian Muslims in post-apartheid South Africa, with particular respect to the inclination by non-Muslims to view Muslims as a homogeneous monolith, and the divisions among Muslims over traditions, beliefs, and practices, which run contrary to this wide-held perception. Muslims are divided by race, class, gender, and ethnicity; theologically they run the gamut from orthodox to progressive; and among themselves they are boxed into categories like Tablighi, Deobandi, Modernist, Salafi, and so on; and their cultural identities are cumulative rather than singular. They are also reacting in different ways to changes ushered by the demise of apartheid, globalisation, challenges posed by modernity, and the “War on Terror”. At the extremes are those seeking to withdraw into parochial (re)-imagined Islamic identities and those who have wholeheartedly embraced the new, democratic South Africa. In-between are a multiplicity of identities and attitudes. Traditional Ulema (religious clergy) wield power among Muslims and their views are usually hegemonic. They have the support of the majority of Muslims and seek to sideline recalcitrant voices by declaring their beliefs as “untruths”. Dissenting voices are, however, emerging among Muslim intelligentsia, professionals, and gender activists outside the control of the Ulema, who are challenging the dominant status quo. Muslim identities will continue to shift and transform n response to changing circumstances in a particularly unstable global and national political context.
Some Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Care Practices a Case Study of Baiga
Authors: Saha Kalyan B. , Kumar Dinesh , Abbad Alpana , Jain D. C. , Roy J.
Published: May 2022

The present study is undertaken among one of the primitive tribes, Baigas of the Dindori district of the state of Madhya Pradesh in Central India. The paper shows the practices related to ante-natal, delivery and post-natal care among the tribe. It also looks in to the child care practices related to breast-feeding and child immunization. It was found that four-fifth of the pregnant women consulted government health worker for ante-natal check-up and among them more than half received such care during their second trimester of the pregnancy. Most of the deliveries are conducted at home. Post-natal care is usually not considered essential among the tribe as only fourteen percent of women availed such services from government health post. Though the practices of breast-feeding arc universal among the tribe but the colostrums is discarded by majority. Though forty seven percent of the children ever-born were immunized but most of these were not administered the full doses.
Living Unofficially as Tribe in Hills of Manipur
Authors: Sharma G. Amarjit
Published: May 2022

The official enumeration of tribes as the Schedule Tribes (ST) in India, which is vaguely defined, appears to encompass all the tribes. However, there are upcoming demands for such recognition as ST. In Manipur where tribe has been co-existed with political formations like ethno-nationalism and taken synonymous with hills as tribal areas such demand for recognition gets complex. Here tribe despite the fact of its co-existence with ethno-nationalism cannot be assumed as social stage towards the latter. Rather, ethno-nationalism, for certain tribal group, creates condition of living without able to be included in the official list of tribes.
Occupational Dynamics of the Phayeng Loi Village, Manipur
Authors: Deshorjit Thingnam , Arun MC
Published: May 2022

The present paper attempts to highlight the changing attitude of Lois in general and particularly the Lois of a village by the name of Phayeng of Manipur towards its occupational dynamics, with a view to create an insightful vision in the changing scenario of their occupational and economic life. A household survey of the village was conducted bearing in mind to gather a holistic data of the village regarding its socio-economic status. The data have been substantiated with interviews and observations made during the fieldwork in the village