bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
口吃成人內在與外在非詞複誦表現之比較
Authors: 林雅涵 林雅涵 , Ia-Han Lin 楊淑蘭
Published: February 2023

本研究之目的在探討口吃成人與非口吃成人於內在與外在言語非詞複誦表現之差異情形。本研究以29位口吃成人和29位非口吃成人，共計58位為研究對象，以修訂中文口吃嚴重度評估工具──成人版，確認出口吃成人與非口吃成人，之後進行內在和外在言語非詞複誦作業，以獨立樣本t檢定和二因子混合設計變異數分析進行統計考驗，探討口吃成人與非口吃成人於內在與外在言語之非詞複誦的差異情形。本研究結果發現：口吃成人和非口吃成人於內在或外在言語下的非詞複誦反應時間、正確率和流暢度均達顯著差異，皆是口吃成人的表現較非口吃成人為差；在言語形式的表現上，不論口吃成人或非口吃成人，內在言語的非詞複誦流暢度均顯著高於外在言語，但在正確率表現上，兩組不論在內在語言或外在語言則無顯著差異。本研究的結論為，口吃成人於內在與外在言語非詞複誦的反應時間和正確率均不如非口吃成人，可能源自於口吃者的音韻處理困難；口吃成人的內、外在言語非詞複誦的流暢度皆較非口吃成人不佳，可能代表口吃者的言語不流暢於內在言語期間就發生了，而且可能與內外在短期音韻記憶不佳有關，但此仍需更精確的研究設計加以證實。最後，研究者提出有關未來研究的建議，以供之後的研究者參考。

 

This study aimed to make a comparison of the non-word repetition performances be-tween inner and overt speech of the adults with and without stuttering (AWS and AWOS). The 29 pairs of AWS and AWOS were recruited by matching their ages, genders and edu-cation levels. All of the participants were assessed by the Revised Stuttering Severity In-strument-4 for Mandarin-Speaking Adults to determine whether they had stuttering or not. Then, both of the groups repeated the non-words in two speech conditions, inner and overt, separately. The three measures including response time (RT), accuracy ratio (AR) and dis-fluency ratio (DR) in the task of non-word repetition were recorded and t-tests and two-way mixed ANOVA were employed to examine whether the differences existed in the three measures between the two groups and between the two speech conditions. The results of this study showed that for both the inner and overt speech, the performances on the three measures (RT, AR and DR) in NWR of the AWS were significantly poorer than those of AWOS. Ad-ditionally, for both the groups, the DRs in NWR in the inner speech were significantly higher than those in the overt speech, but no significant difference existed in AR of NWR between the inner and overt speech. The results showed that AWS may have phonological processing difficulties so that they took more time and made more mistakes than AWOS. Also, the dis-fluencies of AWS might occur in inner speech before they spoke out bumpily.

 
The small bang theory: A complementary alternative to the big bang cosmology with implications for physics, biology, and chemistry
Authors: Bruce K. Kowiatek
Published: February 2023

While perhaps more in the purview of physics, the hypothesis proposed here still has wide-ranging implications for biological living systems as well. Central to it are the fundamental particles known as electrons, which of course also play a central role in the electron transport chain and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions found throughout not only inorganic, but organic and biochemistry, in addition to biology. The formerly mentioned electron transport chain involves the incremental extraction of energy from electrons in living biological systems, while the latter is characterized by loss of electrons by one chemical species – oxidation – and subsequent gain of those electrons – reduction – by an adjacent chemical species. Such is the basis for nearly every, if not all metabolic processes in living organisms.
LES MECANISMES D’AUDIT INTERNE ET EFFICACITE DES INSTITUTIONS DE MICRO FINANCE DE LA VILLE DE GOMA.
Authors: AIME BITEGETSIMANA
Published: February 2023

L’ouverture internationale du secteur des IMF réside dans l’importance de la présence des établissements internationaux bancaires et semi bancaire. Son développement est une caractéristique basé sur la rigueur, la réglementation des indicateurs de performance, le sérieux dans la forme gouvernance. D’après les travaux effectués sur les études sur les déterminants de la profitabilité bancaire par (Demirguc et Al, 2001) et Guru et al. (2002) ont montré que certaines variables propres aux Institutions de Microfinance ont un effet sur leurs efficacités de performance et des rentabilités ; ce qui est bien perçus de bon dans l’œil du gestionnaire et auprès des partenaires étatiques et gestionnaires des missions d’audits.

la réglementation de l’audit interne, la transparence de missions d’audit et l’efficacité des mécanismes de l’audit interne augmente le besoin en fonds  et ce qui est de nature à accroître la confiance entre Dirigeant et les missionnaires de l’audit et à diminuer les risques y afférents.
IMPACT OF SEGMENTS NUMBER REDUCTION IN IMRT PLANNING
Authors: ElGohary M. , Kamal G. , Galal M. , Hosini M.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the planning and dosimetric advantages of direct aperture optimization (DAO) over beamlet optimization in IMRT treatment of head and neck (H/N) and prostate cancers.

Materials and methods: a brain metastatic case with multiple lesions, five head and neck, as well as five prostate patients were planned using the beamlet optimizer in Elekta-Xio© ver 4.6 IMRT treatment planning system. Based on our experience in beamlet IMRT optimization, PTVs in brain were prescribed to 66Gy using 5 fields, PTVs in H/N plans were prescribed to 70 Gy delivered by 7 fields, and prostate PTVs were prescribed to 76 Gy using nine fields. In all plans, fields were set to be equally spaced. All cases were re-planed using Direct Aperture optimizer (DAO) in Prowess Panther© ver 5.01 IMRT planning system at same configurations and dose constraints. Plans were evaluated according to ICRU criteria, number of segments, number of monitor units and planning time.

Results: In brain case, beamlet optimization was better than DAO for both GTVs and PTVs in 95% isodose coverage, and the hot area was about 7% more in beamlet plan than DAO plan. For OAR, results showed an improvement in OAR sparing up to more than 35% in rt. eye, lt. eye, rt. optic nerve and lt. optic nerve when using DAO for planning, while optic chiasma sparing was about 20% also in beamlet optimizer plan.

For H/N plans, the near maximum dose (D2) and the dose that covers 95% (D95) of PTV has improved by 4% in DAO. For organs at risk (OAR), DAO reduced the volume covered by 30% (V30) inspinal cord, right parotid, and left parotid by 60%, 54%, and 53% respectively. This considerable dosimetric quality improvement achieved using 25% less planning time and lower number of segments and monitor units by 46% and 51% respectively.

In DAO prostate plans, Both D2 and D95 for the PTV wereimproved by only 2%. The V30 of right femur, left femur and bladder were improved by 35%, 15% and 3% respectively. On the contrary, the rectum V30 got even worse by 9%. However, number of monitor units, and number of segments decreased by 20% and 25% respectively. Moreover the planning time reduced significantly too.

Conclusion: DAO introduces considerable advantages over beamlet optimization for different sites of cancer, in regards to organ at risk sparing. While no significant improvement occurred in the PTV ICRU reporting dose.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACTS AND ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS ON C. ALBICANS.
Authors: K.salih Ahmed
Published: February 2023

fungi have surroundedus and have affected our life, when changed or getting out from control it should be treated and when change to multi drug resistant it is difficult to treat by antibioticsso wecan use plant extracts to produce valuable protectionagainst infection.Objective: In this study, we used agarwell diffusion method to investigate the effect of antifungal drug ofplant extractson Candida albicans,Method: Candida albicanswas isolated from oral cavity of Sulaimani Emergency hospital patients.The isolates consisted c.albicans(n=15). The microorganisms were divided into four groups in a factorial design: control, FGE with blackseed, FGE without black seed, black seed without FGE and antibiotic (Fluconazole). The minimum inhibitory concentration of FGE was calculated by using a gradient of concentrations and observeingtheir inhibitory effects on C. albicans.Results: fresh garlic extract(FGE extract)displayed evident inhibition against Candida albicansby producingmoreinhibitionzone (p < 0.05), Black seed extract (BL extract) showed no inhibitory effect on C. albicansat %10 concentration.However,synergism of BI with FGE have shown significant effects on it (P < 0.05) and fluconazole had littleeffect on Candidaalbicans. Conclusion: the result suggestthatFGE can improve the antibiotic sensitivity and BI don’t effect on C.albicans
STUDIES ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SANGAMNERI GOAT MILK IN VARIOUS SEASONS OF MILKING
Authors: Mukhekar Ashwini , Desale R. J. , Potey Madhav
Published: February 2023

The objective of the research work to study the physico-chemical properties of Sangamneri goat milk namely fat, protein, lactose, total ash, titratable acidity, pH and total solids. During the entire study the fresh goat milk samples of Sangamnari goats were analyzed for chemical properties such as fat, protein, lactose, total ash, titratable acidity, pH and total solids also the minor content viz. Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn of  Sangamneri goat milk in summer, rainy and winter seasons, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed by using completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatment and six replications. There was significant variation (P<0.05) was observed among the season of milking as regard iron, manganese, copper and zinc content of Sangamneri goat milk.

There was no significant (<0.005) among the seasons of milking in respect of protein, total ash, titratable acidity, pH and total solids. Whereas, significant variation P(<0.005) was observed among the season of milking as regard fat, lactose, iron, manganese, copper and zinc content  of sangamneri goat  milk. The  overall mean values of chemical composition of milk were 5.24 per cent fat, 3.62 per cent protein, 4.06 per cent lactose, 0.76 per cent total ash, 0.128 per cent titratable acidity, 6.42 pH and 13.62 per cent total solids of Sangamneri goat milk. The mean values of fat, lactose content of Sangamneri goat milk significantly increased from summer to winter season.
TÍTULO: CONCEPTUALIZACIÓNY ALCANCEDE LAS DROGAS EMERGENTES EN LENAPROGRESIÓN EN ELPRESENTE SIGLO TITLE: CONCEPTUALIZATION AND SCOPE OF EMERGENT DRUGS IN FULL PROGRESSION IN THIS CENTURY
Authors: Lajús Barrabeitg Gabriel
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The  world  of  the  drugs  is  in  constant  growth  and  transformation. They incorporate to those that have existed from remote times, more and new, but even more dangerous  and  more  addictive,  and  simultaneously  multiple  and  new  concepts  are formulated that hinder its demarcation and learning.

Objectives: To  debate  the  precision  of  the  main  concepts  on  emergent  or  equivalent drugs, emitted in the last 10 years and, to contain novel aspects of the reach.

Material and methods: It was made during the first semester of 2017, in Havana, Cuba, an orderly revision of information related with the concepts on emergent drugs and their reach,  by  means  of  electronic  searches  in  libraries  of  magazines  national  doctors  and indexed foreigners, as well as in texts, in the last 10 years. Development: When subjecting to the analysis these concepts, it was appreciated that they  were  restricted  and  imprecise  that  didn't  pay  to  the  prevention and  that could generate until confusion. One kept in mind the reach of the novelty of these substances, and when paying attention to the great quantity of compounds that were not contemplated in precedent definitions, it was emitted, for the author with integrative premeditation, one new.

Conclusions: Drugs  growth that  circulate  in  this  Century has  been  so  dynamic, enormous,  precipitate  and  excessively  quickly,  diverse for origin,  composition  and geographical unequal distribution that have been hindered its conceptualization, where the  new,  its  reach,  turns drugs riskier and unknowns ,also invasive and additives, that allowed to contribute a comprehensive as a new whole concept.
UN CAS DE DYSFONCTIONNEMENT DE DÉRIVATION VENTRICULO-PÉRITONÉAL TRAITÉ PAR VOIE ENDOSCOPIQUE A CASE OF DYSFUNCTION OF SHUNT VENTRICULOPERITONEAL TREATED BY ENDOSCOPY SURGERY
Authors: Synèse Bemora Joseph , Guichard Tsiaremby Marc , Marie Philibertine Rahanitriniaina Nadia , Ratovondrainy Willy , Rabarijaona Mamiarisoa , Andriamamonjy Clément
Published: February 2023

We reported the case of an elderly child who was admitted to the neurosurgery department of the CHU-HJRA for headaches and vomiting. It is a child with obstructive hydrocephalus of tumor origin to whom a shunt ventriculoperitoneal has been placed. He had secondary a hydrocephalus by obstruction of the ventricular catheter secondary to a membrane causing dysfunction of the shunt system discovered during endoscopic surgery
THE THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE INJURIES SEEN AT CHU-HJRA MADAGASCAR
Authors: Synèse Bemora Joseph , Rajohnson Lantoariliva , Tony Andrianaivo Radotina , Francis Rakotondraibe Willy , Ratovondrainy Willy , Rabarijaona Mamiarisoa
Published: February 2023

Thoracolumbar spine injury is a frequent and serious lesion with functional prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological-clinical profile and the therapeutic aspects of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries in Madagascar. This was a retrospective, single centered 3-years study of 98 cases of thoracic and/or lumbar spine trauma hospitalized and managed in the neurosurgery department at Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Antananarivo Madagascar University Hospital center. During the targeted period, 98 trauma cases were studied, of which 24.39% of the traumatized were between 21 and 30 years old with a clear male predominance of 80.48% (sex ratio 4.1). Etiology is dominated by a drop in 36.72% of cases. It was part of a polytrauma that included head trauma in 58.53%. Clinically, 39.02% of the patients were tetraplegic and the standard radiograph represented the requested radiological tool in 82.92%. The mortality rate was 21.95%. Thoracic and lumbar spine injuries are serious and several Frankel A type neurological deficits are usually irreversible despite rapid management
VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS AMONG APPARENTLY HEALTHY POPULATION IN KHARTOUM LOCALITY 2017
Authors: Baher Eldin Mogadam Mogadam , EM Yassin Mustafa
Published: February 2023

Background: Enterococcus faecalis belong to the normal bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract of human. Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis is due to the synthesis of modified cell wall precursors that show a decreased affinity for glycopeptides. The aim of this study was to detect the Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis among apparently healthy Population in Khartoum locality, Sudan.

Materials and Methods: Three hundred and eighty five faecal specimens were collected from apparently healthy population, isolated and identified of E. faecalis by using routine methods. The susceptibility pattern of the E. faecalis to Vancomycin antibiotic was determined by using Kerby, s Pauer disk diffusion method.

Results: Out of 385 studied specimens, 87(22.6%) of E. faecalis was isolated. The isolated strains of E. faecalis showed highly resistance to Vancomycin (14.9%).

Conclusions: The present of Enterococcus faecalis among apparently healthy and have high rate of antibiotic resistant
EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS ON LIFE STYLE FOR DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF DEVIATION FOR EXOTROPIA
Authors: HARADHAN CHOWDHURY PARTHA , HAREN SHAH BRINDA , TIWARI NRIPESH
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of Psychological Implications in different amount ofdeviations in Exotropia.Methods: Prospective, Cross sectional and observational study was performed at tertiary eye care centers. Subjects withOcular deviation between 10 to 40 prism diopters, Corrected distance Visual Acuity should be greater than 6/18 and Ageshould be between 10 to 40 years of age were included in the study. Questionnaire was prepared on the effect ofPsychological Implications on the Life style in presence of Ocular deviation. Response score of the subjects were notedand Mean score of the responses were compared in different amounts of deviation. Data was analyzed using SPSS softwareversion 20.Results: 50 subjects were included in the study. Out of that, 28 subjects were included in 11-20 age group, 18 subjects in21-30 and 4 subjects were in the age group of 31-40 years. 54% subjects were Females and 46% were Males. Comparisonof mean score of Questions on Psychological Implications for different amount of deviation for Exotropia was analyzedand it shows that with increasing amount of Ocular deviation, Psychological Implications hampers more.Conclusions:In the ocular deviation of Exotropia, as the amount of ocular deviation increases, Psychological Implications hampersproportionately
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL AND NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Chinonso Michael Eze, , Ifeanyi Fidelis Ugwuowo, , Oluchukwu Asogwa
Published: February 2023

In this work, vector autoregression and neural network approach to multivariate time series analysis is presented. A vector autoregressive model and multilayer perceptron network with back-propagation, gradient descent algorithm have been designed to model the monthly average exchange rates of three international currencies with respect to naira. The series span over the period of January, 2012 to August, 2017. The original series were preprocessed to smoothen the distribution and facilitate fast convergence in the network algorithm. In training the network to learn the combined series of the exchange rates, a remarkable achievement was made. Adding to the beauty of the network model is the fact that the number of units of the input layer was predetermined through the VAR model. Using some model performance measures (RMSE, MBE and R2), it was recorded that the neural network approach performs better than the VAR model as it yielded minimum error of prediction.
FERMAT’S LAST THEOREM IS EQUIVALENT TOBEAL’S CONJECTURE
Authors: E. Joseph James , M.P. Nayar Bhamini
Published: February 2023

It is proved in this paper that (1) Fermat’s Last Theorem: If π is an odd prime, there are no relatively prime positive integers x,y,z satisfying the equation zπ = xπ+yπ, and (2) Beal’s Conjecture :The equation zξ = xµ +yν has no solution in relatively prime positive integers x,y,z with µ,ξ and ν odd primes at least 3. It is also proved that these two statements, (1) and (2), are equivalent.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO FORECAST RAINFALL FOR DISASTER CONDITIONS IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Saparamadu Shamain , Bandara Saman , Hewawasam Chamali , Abeysinghe Udya
Published: February 2023

Sri Lanka is an islandsituated southeast of the southern tip of the Indian sub-continent. Floods, Draughts, Landslides, and Storms are the common occurring disasters happen in Sri Lanka. Social, Environmental, Economical and Physical impacts arise due to these disasters. In order to minimize these impacts it is imperative to have earlier knowledge on possible disaster occurrences. These disasters are fully or partially connected with rainfall variation. In this background it is imperative to have a reliable forecast of rainfall.  

The study was carried out for 17 districts out of 25 in the island and it attempts to assist Agriculture, Urban and Regional Infrastructure Management, Environment and Water Management of those areas to its best capability which can take early actions on flooding events and long term drought periods due to rainfall changes. In the study Numerical methods were used to find out the mathematical models of the Northeast and Southwest rainfall for upcoming years.The objective of this model is to forecast the rainfall for near future by using previous years’ rainfall data.Statistical methods are the most common methods using for rainfall forecasting although the existing statistical model cannot be used for feeding different data sets. Mathematical methods can be used to forecast annual rainfall as well as monthly rainfall even though statistical methods can be used to forecast either annual rainfall or monthly rainfall. 

Polonnaruwa and Batticaloa districts shows the highest monthly rainfall variation and Hambantota and Mannar shows the lowest in 2014 and same in forecasted monthly rainfall in 2015. Kegalle district shows the highest mean annual rainfall in 2015, it has an increasing rainfall trend while Hambantota being the lowest as per the model and they also have slightly increasing rainfall trend. By using these findings people and authorized agenesis can take pre disaster responses beforehand.
KNOWLEDGE OF FLEXIBLE MENTAL COMPUTATION OF PRE-SERVICE ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS TEACHERS UPON ENTRY TO UNIVERSITY
Authors: Luwango Luiya
Published: February 2023

This study sets out to determine the knowledge of flexible mental computation of pre-service elementary mathematics teachers when enrolling at university. Knowledge of the existing flexible mental computation skills of pre-service teachers could inform teacher educators’ preparation for teaching by determining the algorithms that pre-service teachers are unable to calculate. Such knowledge could also inform teacher educators as to why pre-service teachers are unable to calculate the algorithms. The study produced a domain-specific instrument in the form of a diagnostic test that teacher educators could adopt in their teaching to elicit pre-service teachers’ knowledge, a gap that this study aims to bridge. A diagnostic test comprising 21 items was administered by the researcher to 51 year-one pre-service teachers who agreed to participate in the study. Findings of the study indicate that the majority of the pre-service teachers who participated in the study have a limited understanding of the magnitude of numbers, of basic number facts, of the relationship between numbers and of the relationship between basic operations to calculate flexibly. The argument of the study is that teacher educators’ instruction would be relevant and successful if focused on the cognitive needs of pre-service teachers and the mathematical concepts that they are going to teach. Therefore, this study recommends that teacher educators establish pre-service teachers’ knowledge prior to instruction for relevance and for the success of teaching.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES OF SEASON OF MIGRATION TO THE NORTH
Authors: AbdulAziz Bajri Dr. Ibtesam
Published: February 2023

Discourse Analysis study offers the opportunity to penetrate the world of particular author’s research work that will be the subject and object of analysis. It is comprehensive in scope as it covers various disciplines when it comes to our learning and communicating through language and actions. Thus, the primary task is to search the most appropriate and best material where discourse is as relevant and worthy of our time and attention. The criteria for selection is basic and important to form a conclusion which either promotes awareness or justifies our biases in a real world, that might cover or uncover some hard truths of the past, present or future. The story about the Season of Migration to the North depicts the journey of the man’s quest for freedom and achievement of dreams and goals. The realization, awareness and transformation are amazing. The main character in the story has succeeded where others have failed to realize he is at the losing end, fallen victim of his own doings. Yet he lives a legacy with which a reader could somehow relate oneself that might alert the reader from falling out of reality. By far, a good story material with lots of discourses rich for interpretation and analysis.
E-LEARNING DESIGN, MANAGEMENT SUPPORT AND STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Tamara Dewi , Arjanggi Tathit Surya , Akhmadi Lukman
Published: February 2023

The online course system offers the opportunity for learners to improve their competence without the obstacles of distance and time. However, we must ensure that online learning remains of quality and provides optimal results. One of the things that influence the quality of education is student engagement, to determine the effect of management support variables and online learning design variables on learner engagement within the scope of the company are the objectives of this research. The statistical test methods performed were statistical tests of validity, reliability, discriminant validity and testing the effect of factors using Smart PLS 3.2.9 software. Evaluation data obtained through a questionnaire distributed to respondents of PT. Pupuk Kaltim who has participated in e-learning learning. We accept both hypotheses. The elearning design has a significant positive effect on Student Engagement and Management Support has a significantly positive effect on Student Engagement.
Una nueva especie de Stigmoderini del extremo sur-oriental-amazónico de Perù (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Moore Tomás , Grasso Matteo
Published: February 2023

Resumen: Se describe Conognatha (s. str.) douglasin. sp. de Loreto, en el extremo sur-oriental de la zona amazónica peruana, la quinta especie dada para Perù.Palabras clave: Taxonomy, Conognatha, Loreto.Abstract: Conognatha (s. str.) douglasi n. sp. is described from Loreto, in extreme south-eastern of the Peruvian Amazonic zone. It is the fifth Peruvian species of the genus.
Assessment of antibiotics utilization in respiratory tract infections in teaching hospital
Authors: KALYANI B BIRADAR  , UMESH MITTE
Published: February 2023

Background: Antibiotics are the main key drugs for treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTI) of both in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in adults. The caution use for anti-microbial agents (AMAs) is very important as their serious side effects, drug resistance and cost effectiveness can be life threatening. “In general drug utilization studies are carried out to identify appropriate usage of drugs in terms of medical, social and economical aspects. Objectives: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of nine months between Januarys to September 2018. The information was collected from the Department of General Medicine and Pulmonology Basaveshwara general and teaching hospital Kalaburgi (India). Materials and methods: The prescription is chosen based on the inclusion criteria and the treatment follow-up until the patient discharge. During the study period the inpatient case records will be reviewed, which include antibiotics used and their dosage schedule, route of administration, dosage frequency & strength, date of discontinuation, generic name & bacteriological investigation. The information will document in the patient profile form. The data were analyzed by using online drug information like microdex, mediscap and data were present percentage calculation. Results: The results showed that out of 80 patients enrolled in the study 39 (48%) were given both IV route and oral route, 38 (47%) were given only IV route, 3 (4%) were given by oral route of antibiotics. In our study found that the combination of antibiotics Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin with Clavunate, Pipericillin with Tozabactum were found to be commonly prescribed. In 42 patients (52%) are prescribed on diagnostic report were as in 38 patients (47%) prescribed without diagnosis of RTIs. Conclusion: The 20% of studied prescriptions founded prophylactic use of antibiotics combination. Thus special measures are imperative for their rational usage to prevent emergence of antibiotic resistance, serious side effects and cost effective treatment of poor economical patients. It can be concluded that it is mandatory to prepare suitable clinical guidelines for antibiotic prescriptions and usage rather than prescribing multiple and combination antibiotics.
A brief review of medicinal plants used by the Naga tribes of Nagaland, India
Authors: Aruku Dazo Vadeo
Published: February 2023

This review examines the use of 20 indigenous medicinal plants by the Naga tribes of northeast India. Each Naga tribe has its unique culture and traditions, and their medicinal practices vary. The review focuses on the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological and biological activities of these plants, as well as their traditional uses. The study found evidence supporting the efficacy of these plants and confirming traditional practices, but further investigation is necessary to fully understand their chemical components and biological effects for potential drug development.
Comparative study on the rural-urban employment status of low-income individuals (B40 group) with hypertension in Malaysia: The RESPOND study
Authors: Nafiza Mat-Nasir  , Mohamad-Rodi Isa  , Farnaza Ariffin  , Mazapuspavina Md Yasin  , Fadhlina Abd-Majid  , Benjamin Palafox  , Martin McKee
Published: February 2023

Background: There is a relationship between poor people being more likely to develop non-communicable diseases. This study was conducted to compare the socio-demographic differences mostly looking at the employment status between urban and rural low-income individuals (B40 group) with hypertension in Malaysia. Material and Methods: The communities were selected from rural and urban populations in four peninsular states. Following a multistage sampling approach, communities in each stratum were selected according to probability proportional to the size and identified based on national census data. Households were randomly selected. Eligible individuals were those aged between 35 and 70 years old, self-reported or identified as hypertensive at screening. Informed consent was taken. A survey using validated questionnaires was conducted. Results: A total of 611 respondents were involved in this study. 308 (49.6%) were from urban and 308 (50.4%) were from rural areas. The characteristics of the sociodemographic from both locations were comparable (p>0.05) except for the job description (p<0.001). There were around 50% worked full-time employment and 75.8% disagree that they lost their job within 6 months. There was no significant difference in household income between urban and rural respondents (p=0.550). Unfortunately, there was only a third of them received regular cash transfers, subsidies or payments through B40 Malaysia and 14.0% of the respondents had no more income after deducting taxes. Conclusion: There were not so many differences in the characteristics of the respondents in both locations except for the job description. It might be helpful for the government in the formulation the policies to reduce the poverty and assist this population to receive medical treatment to control their hypertension.
Type-specific HPV incidence and clinical spectrum of lesions induced by high-risk oncogenic HPV types among study participants in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Emmanuel Eilu  , Charity Basaza Mulenga  , John Charles Okiria  , Charles Drago Kato  , Ismail Abiola Adebayo
Published: February 2023

Different studies show that high-risk HPV genotypes are the main etiological agents for cervical cancer development and cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. In Uganda, cervical malignancies due to human papillomavirus (HPV) are predominant among sexually active women. However, data on the incidence and clinical spectrum of lesions associated with high-risk HPV infection is inadequate. The current study was aimed to determine incidence and clinical spectrum of lesions induced by high-risk oncogenic HPV types among study participants in Eastern Uganda. We piloted a prospective follow-up study among 1,077 women aged 15-55 years to assess the incidence and clinical spectrum of lesions associated with human papillomavirus infections (HPV). HPV Real-Time PCR using HPV High-Risk Screen Real-TM Quant 2x kit (Sacace, Biotechnologies, Italy) was used for genotyping high-risk HPV types. Four hundred and sixteen (416) of 1,077 (38.6%) women were monitored for an average time of 18 months (inter-quartile range 9.6-26.6). Forty-three (43) women had incident HPV infections during 214 person-years of follow-up reflecting an incidence rate of 20.1 per 100 person-years. Incident HPV infections were marginally associated with HIV positivity (RR = 3.0, 95% CI: 0.8 - 8.2) and usage of oral contraceptives (RR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.4 - 2.8) but not with the age of study subjects, or number sexual partners. Clearance for high-risk HPV infections was frequently ranging between 37.5% and 100.0% for high-risk types. Only 41.3% of women cleared all their infections. Clearance was associated with HIV negativity (Adjusted clearance = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2 - 0.8) but not with age at study entry or oral contraceptive usage. Incident HPV infections and clearance of HPV type-specific infections were common among study participants. We also found a high prevalence of high-risk HPV types in cervical lesions, which reveals an association between cervical lesions and high-risk HPV types.
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INNOVATICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: ROMANOVSKYI Oleksandr , ROMANOVSKA Yuliia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the article is to develop the concept and principles of a new scientific direction – the higher education innovatics. Higher education innovatics studies and summarizes the theoretical issues and practice of implementing and managing innovative activities of higher education institutions, scientific institutions, organizations, and management bodies related to the higher education system. The article analyzes innovative changes in the system of higher education caused by the environment of academic capitalism. Innovative activity in the field of higher education and science leads to serious innovative transformations both in the entire field of higher education and science and in its subjects - universities, research institutes, related organizations, and institutions. Academic entrepreneurship is considered as an economic category in the system of socio-economic ties and relations of an integrated economic system in the modern knowledge society.
EDUCATION SYSTEM: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: KNODEL Ludmila , POLYOVA Lesya
Published: February 2023

In modern conditions, the system of graduate higher education is an important direction of optimizing the training of a new generation of specialists. For the effective implementation of degree education, a solution to a whole complex of tasks is necessary. The predominant importance of knowledge in the modern world, on the one hand, and the growing demands on those who are trained by a higher school, on the other hand, increase its responsibility and importance to society. The experience of organizing higher education abroad can be useful for building professional education in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the training of specialists determine a flexible response to changes in the structure of the education system and public life. At the same time, the training of specialists in any field is carried out in close cooperation with all sectors of professional education, such as universities, institutes and colleges. At the current stage of development of the commonwealth, the question of developing a unified strategy in the system of professional training of various categories of specialists has arisen. The education system, for example, for the legal profession of any country depends on the system it follows, the national policy on higher education and its requirements.There are three separate jurisdictions within the UK – England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. All three are based upon the common system. The education systems of the three jurisdictions involve two pre-qualification stages - the Academic stage, the Vocational stage, albeit, each has its own distinctive characteristics. The most of the schools have explicit incorporation of skills in the units of the curriculum. The education of lawyers in the USA is generally undertaken through a school program, In Australia most universities offer as an undergraduate-entry course. The professional degree in Canada is the Bachelor of Laws. The Bar Council of India prescribes and supervises standard of education in India. Law in Italy and France is studied in a jurisprudence school, which is an entity within a larger university. The law of South America is one of the most unified in the world.
TYPES OF INNOVATIONS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SPHERE
Authors: ROMANOVSKA Oleksandra , EL MAKHDI Mokhamed
Published: February 2023

Innovative information technologies, information and innovation management, as well as innovative marketing are widely used in the management of innovation in education and uniting in the group of means and tools for innovation management in educationThey can take place in almost all types of the innovations in the education system, which can lead to innovative changes to achieve new quantitative and qualitative parameters of education.They can take place in almost all types of the innovations in the education system, which can lead to innovative changes to achieve new quantitative and qualitative parameters of education.This article analyzestypes of innovations in the higher education system that can lead to innovative changes: innovations of organizational type in the higher education sphere; innovations of educational and pedagogical type in the system of higher education; means and tools for innovation management in education; problems of the forced or emergency distance learning, etc.
GIS i gymnasiet og hf
Authors: Vinther Niels , Andersen Lars
Published: February 2023

For 15 år siden var der store forventninger til, at GIS ville præge geografiundervisningen i gymnasiet, og mange var på kurser for at lære at bruge GIS i undervisningen. Der var en helt klar forventning om, at GIS ville blive en integreret del af den daglige undervisning i geografi og naturgeografi.
Men hvordan er det egentlig gået med udviklingen og brugen af GIS i gymnasiet og hf? I denne artikel gives en status over hvad, der er sket med GIS i undervisningen, hvilke frem- og tilbageskridt, der har været undervejs, samt et lille kig i krystalkuglen. En ting er sikkert: GIS er kommet for at blive - også i undervisningen.
GIS i gymnasiet med fokus på Geovidenskab A
Authors: Brønnum Ebbe Skovgård
Published: February 2023

I denne artikel opridses først hvilke rammer og forventninger, der er til inddragelse af digitale kort på forskellige niveauer af naturgeografi og geovidenskab i gymnasiet. Derudover præsenteres nogle perspektiver på, hvordan GIS kan anvendes på et Geovidenskab A-hold.
Trigger Factors of Consuming Tea and Coffee in University Students
Authors: Madiha Jaffar Hafiza , Rizwan Bahisht , Naseem Al Noor , Asghar Umm e Habiba , Ghalib Zabreen , Tariq Iram , Najeeb Gull e Raana , Arshad Tania , Ahmed Aisha , Munir Maryam , Azhar Anum
Published: February 2023

Consuming excessive amounts of tea and coffee can have negative effects on your health, including increased anxiety, disrupted sleep patterns, and digestive issues. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess trigger factors after consuming tea or coffee. Methods:  A random sample of 150 female students from the University of Lahore willingly participated in a survey aimed at evaluating the link between tea consumption and its trigger factors. Data was collected using questionnaires comprising questions related to excessive tea or coffee consumption. Results: Results showed that participants felt anxiety, insomnia, digestive issues, caffeine addiction, rapid heart rate, fatigue, headache and other symptoms after excessive tea or coffee consumption. There was an association between excessive consumption of tea or coffee as the chi-square value is significant (p= 0.025) whereas irregular menstrual cycle also shows a significant association with excessive consumption of tea or coffee (p=0.000). Conclusions: The findings show a significant association between excessive tea or coffee consumption and the trigger factors studied, including irregular menstrual cycles. This study could be used to inform public health campaigns aimed at promoting healthy beverage consumption habits.
Poetry of the Chito S. Roño Literary Awards: A New Criticism Reading and Translation
Authors: Velarde Angelo B , Purcia Erwin L , Makiling Karen Cheyserr B
Published: February 2023

The present paper translates the poem selected from Waray into English of the Chito S. Roño Literary Awards, and applies New Criticism in the textual analysis. It focuses on the translator’s role as a linguistic and cultural interpreter in faithfully rendering the nuances of the literary text from Waray to English. Before developing a strategy for translating the source text into the target language, translators understand the relationship between the source language and culture. The translation of culturally specific items is central to the current study. Strategies are based on Newmark’s semantic translation, Koller’s formal expressive equivalence, Reiss’ text types, and Vinay and Darbelnet’s Model giving a domesticated or foreignized effect on the product of translation. In addition to transferring meaning, the text’s cultural identity is emphasized as a pillar of the translation process. The collection of poetry talks about the universal themes of love and relationships, the essence of family life, life’s journey and the dynamics of society while the images and objective correlatives effectively represent human conditions. Symbolisms and central metaphors reflect the values and human experiences of individuals. The poems do not have set rhymes and meter but are well-written in subtle, metaphorical lines, mirror life, and celebrate the Waray language, reveal the Waray sensibilities, and reflect the Waray ideals and values which are also universal ideals and values proving that the Waray language and culture are not inferior to the rest of the world.
METÁFORAS URBANAS: DA CIDADE-MÁQUINA À CIDADE-REDE
Authors: De Almeida Caio Augusto Rabite
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho versa sobre a atribuição de metáforas para as relações entre cidades, economia e sociedade. A comparação da cidade anteriormente era feita com uma máquina, em que o objetivo era aprimorá-la e alimentar o motor de seu crescimento. Com a emergência e evolução de tecnologias de informação e comunicação a lógica de produção e consumo também se alteram, passando a incorporar novas metáforas como a da rede. O planejamento e gerenciamento das cidades não ficam a parte e incorporam consigo novas formas de poder e promoção dos interesses econômicos, que tendem por tornar mais visíveis as faces desiguais desse modelo vigente priorizando através de suas práticas apenas parte dos interesses.
CRIAÇÃO DE ARTEFATO POKA YOKE POR IMPRESSÃO 3D PARA INSPEÇÃO DO DIÂMETRO AO LONGO DO COMPRIMENTO DO TUBOS DE SEÇÃO CIRCULAR
Authors: Dias Leandro Antunes , Galhardi Antonio César
Published: February 2023

Apresenta-se, neste trabalho, a criação de um artefato para a resolução de um problema referente ao diâmetro externo acima da tolerância máxima de tubos de aço da norma NBR 6591. A partir da utilização do método Design Science Research, desenvolveram-se dois artefatos, com características das ferramentas Poka Yoke, usados para a detecção dimensional do diâmetro externo dos lotes reclamados e de outras peças no estoque de clientes. Modelaram e confeccionaram-se esses dispositivos por meio da Manufatura Aditiva, e da tecnologia de impressão 3D. O Design Science Research proporcionou uma visão sistêmica sobre os passos a serem seguidos e os incorporou à resolução de um problema prático, considerando-se o rigor e a relevância que uma pesquisa científica necessita para a criação dos artefatos. O estudo atingiu o objetivo da pesquisa uma vez que criou-se um artefato capaz de medir o diâmetro externo ao longo do comprimento das peças tubulares e classificar grande quantidade como aprovadas e reprovadas.
A FORMA DO APRENDIZADO DA PRÁTICA TRADICIONAL DA MARCENARIA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O USO DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL EM PEQUENAS MARCENARIAS
Authors: Cavalcante Jesimiel Pinheiro , Mendes Junior Walcler de Lima , Pereira Jesana Batista , Cavalcante Amanda Thais Passos Cordeiro
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem o objeto de refletir sobre o processo do aprendizado da prática tradicional da marcenaria e sua relação com a segurança do trabalho em pequenas marcenarias.  É baseado no projeto de tese que estuda a relação entre estes fatores. O setup experimental é a cidade de Palmeira dos índios no interior de Alagoas que conta com 17 pequenas marcenarias onde foram entrevistados 14 marceneiros dos 19 em atuação, excluindo os ajudantes de marcenarias. Foram realizadas entrevistas gravadas em audiovisual. Os resultados demonstram que cerca e 90% dos marceneiros não utilizam Equipamento de Proteção individual (EPI) regularmente, onde aproximadamente 60% aprenderam a profissão com menos de 15 anos e 78% informaram que aprenderam com familiares. A relação entre o modo do aprendizado e o modo de trabalho atual é contatado quando 90% disseram que não utilizam o EPI porque se sentem seguros pelo modo que aprenderam. Estes dados corroboram para estudos futuros sobre a introdução de novos conceitos de outras áreas a partir da interdisciplinaridade para melhorar a implantação de medidas de proteção nos serviços de pequenas marcenarias com a diminuição dos riscos ocupacionais e de suas consequências.
The effect of different design patterns of electronic discussion forums in developing the skills of digital content production among graduate students
Authors: Abdultawab Maimona
Published: February 2023

The aim of the research is to reveal the impact of the different design patterns of electronic discussion forums on the cognitive and performance aspects related to digital content production skills. The research followed the quasi-experimental approach based on the design of two experimental groups, the research sample consisted of (50) graduate students (Master’s stage), and to achieve this, two patterns of electronic discussion forums were designed to develop digital content production skills for graduate students, and an objective achievement test was designed to measure the cognitive aspect, and a product evaluation card to measure the performance aspect. Where they were applied before and after. The results revealed an impact of the different design patterns of electronic discussion forums (free - controlled) on the development of the cognitive and performance aspects of digital content production skills for postgraduate students, and for the benefit of the second experimental group (which was studied through controlled electronic discussion forums), and in light of the results it reached. The research presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.
Self-regulation skills and Academic Integration and their relationship to the Motivation to Learn among Students of the Faculty of Science in Palestinian Universities
Authors: Alnajar Mervat
Published: February 2023

The study aimed to identify the level of self-regulation skills and the level of academic integration, as well as to identify the level of motivation to learn among students of the Faculty of Science in Palestinian universities, and to identify the nature of the relationship between self-regulation skills and academic integration and motivation to learn among the study sample. The study sample consisted of (250) male and female students from College of Science in Palestinian universities, and the researcher used the scale of self-regulation skills, academic integration and learning motivation scale, all of which were prepared by the researcher. A statistic between academic engagement and motivation to learn.
A Suggested Framework to Face the Challenges of E-Learning 'Corona Epidemic (Covid-19) as a Sample'
Authors: Owda Mohammed , Hills Niveen , Mosa Assma
Published: February 2023

The aim of the research was to present a suggested Framework to face the challenges of e-learning in light of the Corona epidemic (Covid-19), The researchers followed the descriptive analytical approach to achieve the objectives of the study, as e-learning challenges scale was prepared as a study tool. The scale was consisted of (24) indicators distributed over five disciplines, and the study tool was applied on a random sample of (50) teachers. The study results showed that the e-learning challenges were in the middle. The research recommended of the necessity of improving and training the students and the teachers on creative use to the unified educational platforms in e-learning process, and holding workshops for parents and students to raise their awareness of the importance of e-learning.