bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação continuada para conselheiros municipais de educação e a avaliação dos planos municipais de educação
Authors: Fernandes Solange Jarcem , Monteiro Aureotilde
Published: August 2018

O artigo analisa as propostas de avaliação dos planos municipais de educação elaboradas pelos conselheiros municipais de educação que participaram do curso de extensão Formação Continuada de Conselheiros Municipais do Programa Nacional de Capacitação de Conselheiros Municipais de Educação, vinculado à Secretaria de Educação Básica do Ministério da Educação e oferecido em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. O curso visou a contribuir para a formação dos conselheiros e a fortalece-los como uma das instâncias de gestão democrática e de acompanhamento e avaliação das políticas públicas implementadas na área educacional nos respectivos municípios. Para este estudo, trabalhou-se com os documentos do programa, o material didático do curso e o projeto de avaliação e monitoramento elaborado pelos conselheiros, denominado de Projeto Integrador, nas suas dimensões política e de controle social. Do resultado das análises realizadas nos projetos integradores, é possível afirmar que os conselheiros apresentaram entendimento do papel e da função sociais dos conselhos municipais de educação no processo de formulação dos instrumentos de avaliação de políticas públicas e no acompanhamento do planos municipais de educação dos respectivos municípios dentro da proposta do curso de extensão, a formação com bases democráticas.
Natural History of the Elbow Bony Architecture in Patients With Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury and the Association With Flexion Contractures
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Werthel Jean-David , Ansari Mohammad , Shaughnessy William , Elhassan Bassem L.
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the radiographic anatomy of the elbow and try to determine its possible relation to elbow flexion contracture in patients with obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI).

Methods:

All patients with a history of OBPI with elbow flexion contracture who were evaluated clinically and radiographically were included in the study. A review was performed to include serial elbow examinations and previous treatment. Radiographs of the elbow were examined for the presence of bony abnormalities as a potential cause of elbow flexion contracture or the presence of progressive arthritic changes over time.

Results:

Fifty-nine patients with a history of OBPI with elbow flexion contracture were included in the study. Of them, 53 had normal bony architecture, 2 had mild radial head subluxation, and 4 had chronic anterior radial head dislocations. At a mean age at final clinical follow-up of 21 years (range, 7 to 83 years), only 7% of patients had pain localized to their elbow. There were only three patients with elbow arthritis, including two of the four with radial head dislocations.

Conclusions:

In the absence of a radial head dislocation, most elbow joints do not seem to undergo abnormal anatomic bony changes in patients with OBPI and flexion contractures.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV (retrospective case series)
Study on College Students Carrying Out Leisure Sports Activities and Entrepreneurship Based on the State's Vigorous Development of Sports Industry
Authors: Zhang Zhongjing , Chu Xiaodong
Published: August 2018

Under the background of the country's vigorous development of the sports industry, the sports industry ushered in unprecedented opportunities and prospects. This thesis makes a comprehensive analysis of the marketing tactics of college students' venture project- Jingyang Sihai Interesting Sports through the theory. We analyzed the problems existing in the project, the current status of the development, and clarified the goals and directions for the future development of Jingyang Sihai Interesting Sports. Although Jingyang Sihai Sports has successfully hosted many interesting projects, it also highlights many issues such as low brand value and lack of competitiveness, which are detrimental to its development. Therefore, to improve its shortcomings in the future development and carry forward its strengths, Jingyang Sihai Sports ultimately become the industry leader.
The Construction of Apparel Brand Value Perception Based on Grounded Theory: A Case Study of the Intellectual 80’s Women in Hangzhou
Authors: Bian Xiangyang , Zhang Yiling , Yu Ziying
Published: August 2018

In terms of the theoretical vacancy of apparel brand perceived value, this paper explores the dimensions of perceived value of apparel brand from the perspective of consumers. With lessons from grounded theory, one can build initial model of apparel brand value system through depth interviews, substantial coding, and theoretical saturation detection. Then, by means of quantitative empirical research, the logical relationship between factors can be investigated via factor analysis and independent test. The results show that the perceived value theory conclude two dimensions namely the perceived benefits and perceived costs. The perceived benefits includes functional value, social value, emotional value, cognitive value, experience value. Perceived costs includes purchase costs &risks and the use cost. It also fully demonstrates the relative importance in perceiving various dimensions of apparel brand for the intellectual 80’s women in Hangzhou.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3
Authors: Lin Sherry
Published: August 2018

Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 3Ana-Cornelia Badea, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, RomaniaAntonina Lukenchuk, National Louis University, USAArbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, IranAusra Kazlauskiene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaÇelebi Uluyol, Gazi University, Turkey, TurkeyDonna Harp Ziegenfuss, The University of Utah, USADonna.Smith, The Open University, UKFirouzeh Sepehrian Azar, Orumieh University, IranGerard Hoyne, School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, AustraliaGregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, TaiwanHermes Loschi, University of Campinas, Braziljames badger, University of North Georgia, USAJisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong KongJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United KingdomJohn Lenon Ednave Agatep, AMA Computer College, PhilippinesLaid Fekih, University of Tlemcen Algeria, AlgeriaMichael John Maxel Okoche, Uganda Management Institute, UgandaNajia Sabir, Indiana University Bloomington, USANicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology, CyprusQing Xie, Jiangnan University, ChinaRanjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, The Kilmore International School, AustraliaSakiru Abiodun, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, NigeriaSandhya Rao Mehta, Sultan Qaboos University, IndiaSavitri Bevinakoppa, Melbourne Institute of Technology, AustraliaTeguh Budiharso, Center of Language and Culture Studies, IndonesiaVasiliki Brinia, Athens University of Economic and Business, GreeceYi Luo, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, USA
The adventure of the institutionalisation of restorative justice in Belgium
Authors: Lemonne Anne
Published: August 2018

The adventure of the institutionalisation of restorative justice in Belgium

At first glance, the adventure of restorative justice (RJ) in Belgium can be considered a real success story. At the turn of the 21st century, programmes oriented towards this justice model officially determined the criminal justice agenda. What were the key ideas that led to the conceptualisation of restorative justice in Belgium? Who were the main actors and agencies that carried them out? What were the main issues that led to the institutionalisation of restorative justice? What are the effects of its implementation on the Belgian criminal justice system in general? This article strives to present the main findings of a study on the basis of an extensive data collection effort and analysis targeting discourses and practices created by actors from the Belgian academic, scientific, political, administrative, social work and judicial spheres from the 1980s to 2015.
Numerical study of the secondary circulation flow in a valley
Authors: Ferro Marcelino , Moraes Marcelo , Moraes Osvaldo L. L.
Published: August 2018

In this paper it was numerically simulated an air stream perpendicularly incident upon a valley in order to determine the influence of the Froude and the Rossby numbers in the pattern of the flow. The main of this study is to search under what range of these parameters the air stream will be channeled in the valley. Theoretical considerations shows that the channeling occur if the values of these numbers are limited in one region in the space defined by these parameters.
Determinação do fator para cálculo do valor das prestações periódicas de um financiamento
Authors: Zanella José , Socal Giovani Gilberto
Published: August 2018

This paper approaches the analytic determination of a factor "F" used for calculating the value of the installments on credit sales. The factor which is calculated according to the sale conditions, provides the value of the periodic installments as being multiplied by the price of the sold goods or served service.At first we subtract the general formula from the "F" factor and, afterwards we show some particular cases.Finally, we simulate hypothetical examples to make understanding easer.
Pattern of gall distribution on Protium heptaphyllum leaves in a restinga of Espirito Santo State
Authors: Figueiredo Rodolfo Antônio de
Published: August 2018

Many insects produce abnormal growths on plant leaf surfaces. This study investigates the differential distribution of gall on Protium heptaphyllum in a restinga of southeastern Brazil. The number of galls per leaf was counted on fourteen individuals and it was found statiscal differences in gall distributions among and within individuals. The results suggest that the distribution of galls may be due to differential susceptibility of P. heptaphyllum to galling insects, which is consistent with the plant genetic mosaic hvpothesis.
Aspectos anatômicos dos órgãos vegetativos de Passiflora alata Dryander (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Siqueira Vera Lúcia Carvalho , Canto-Dorow Thais Scotti do , Lunardi Maria Helena
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with a anatomical study of the root, stem and leaf of Passiflora alata Dryander (Passifloraceae). This species is recognized in Rio Grande do Sul by its medicinal value, indicate as calmative and diuretic. The material analysed was collected in the Campus of UFSM, Santa Maria, RS. The study was realized using the usual technics of the vegetal histology. The anatomical pattem of the leaf, in cross-section, shows a dorsiventral and hypostomatic organization; absence of trichomes, anomocytic stornata; collateral bundle vascular. In cross-section, the young stem shows epidermis uniseriate; thick cuticle; total absence of trichomes; the bundles vascular are collateral. The primary root, in cross-section, is tetrach, the parenchyma cortical shows idioblastic cells, with tanniniferous contents.
Exploring Spatial Reasoning with SketchUp Make
Authors: Singer Bethany , Shafer Kathryn G.
Published: August 2018

Kindergartners created representations of real-life objects in three dimensions as well as 3D representations of MagnaTile objects, giving them a unique experience with technology and furthering their knowledge of 3D shapes.
Developing value-orientations in family therapy trainees: A three-year investigation
Authors: Mayer Claude-Hélène , Oosthuizen Rudolf M.
Published: August 2018

Family therapy has advanced as an important therapeutic approach in Europe and, in Germany, future family therapists enter a three-year-training programme every year. Family therapist trainees (FTTs) have hardly been studied in terms of their value-orientations (VOs) and how they see the world. This study aims at researching the value-orientation developments in FTTs during the three-year training period and based on the Schwartz value model. A longitudinal study was carried out over a three-year period. The sample consisted of 65 FTTs. VOs were investigated using open questions in self-developed questionnaires. The findings show that FTTs focus mainly on VOs in the Schwartz value domain of "benevolence", followed by "self-direction" and "universalism". This shows that the well-being of others is in the centre of interest in FTTs. However, VOs which indicate a freedom to make decisions and be self-directed are also extremely important. The least-mentioned value domains include "power" and "stimulation", showing that FTTs are neither focused on status, wealth or richness, nor on excitement or a varied life. With regard to the Schwartz value dimensions, the dimension of "self-transcendence" was the most frequently mentioned, followed by "conservation", "openness to change" and "self-enhancement". Self-transcendence includes the value domains of benevolence and universalism and shows that the preservation and enhancement of welfare of other individuals are highly important, as well as VOs such as understanding, appreciation, tolerance and protection of human beings and the environment. So-called collectivist VOs seem to be more important to German FTTs than individualistic VOs: they focus on the needs of the social group and their VOs show that the systemic view is inherent in their social VOs. Findings further show that FTTs develop their professional identity while consciously strengthening their VOs. This study contradicts previous research which claims that FTs are, to a large extent, unconscious in respect of their VOs. The study shows that FTTs are aware of their VOs and this supports them in facilitating client-centred approaches and develop themselves as FT professionals. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
Geriatric education in osteopathic medical schools
Authors: Carlsen Wayne , Pfeiffer Barbara , Marx Tracy , Bonyo Benson
Published: August 2018

To determine if the curricula at the colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) are adequately preparing their graduates to meet the challenge of the geriatric demographic imperative, the authors surveyed the 16 COMs using a modified version of a survey conducted by Karuza and colleagues. Results were compared with those obtained from the Karuza and colleagues' survey of 73 allopathic medical schools. Overall, 88% of the COMs reported that they were committed to teaching geriatrics to undergraduate medical students, compared with 72 % of the allopathic medical schools. Lack of time and appropriate clinical facilities were the two greatest barriers to committing more time to geriatrics in both osteopathic and allopathic undergraduate medical training programs.
Defect Engineering for Modulating the Trap States in 2D Photoconductors
Authors: Jiang Jie , Ling Chongyi , Xu Tao , Wang Wenhui , Niu Xianghong , Zafar Amina , Yan Zhenzhong , Wang Xiaomu , You Yumeng , Sun Litao , Lu Junpeng , Wang Jinlan , Ni Zhenhua
Published: August 2018

Defect‐induced trap states are essential in determining the performance of semiconductor photodetectors. The de‐trap time of carriers from a deep trap can be prolonged by several orders of magnitude as compared to shallow traps, resulting in additional decay/response time of the device. Here, it is demonstrated that the trap states in 2D ReS2 can be efficiently modulated by defect engineering through molecule decoration. The deep traps that greatly prolong the response time can be mostly filled by protoporphyrin molecules. At the same time, carrier recombination and shallow traps in‐turn play dominant roles in determining the decay time of the device, which can be several orders of magnitude faster than the as‐prepared device. Moreover, the specific detectivity of the device is enhanced (as high as ≈1.89 × 1013 Jones) due to the significant reduction of  the dark current through charge transfer between ReS2 and molecules. Defect engineering of trap states therefore provides a solution to achieve photodetectors with both high responsivity and fast response.
Optimized Method for Low‐Energy and Highly Reliable Multibit Operation in a HfO2‐Based Resistive Switching Device
Authors: Ryu Jin Joo , Park Bo Keun , Chung Taek‐Mo , Lee Young Kuk , Kim Gun Hwan
Published: August 2018

Here, an optimized method for energy‐efficient and highly reliable multibit operation in a Au/Al2O3/HfO2/TiN resistive switching (RS) device is investigated. A thin Al2O3 layer inserted between the top electrode and the HfO2 RS layer in a capacitor‐like RS device plays the role of an electrical resistor and modulates the external bias‐dependent resistance variation behavior of the RS device. Compared to the case where a single HfO2 layer is used, the device with a Al2O3/HfO2 stacked layer shows slow and nonvolatile resistance state variation with a stepwise increase of the applied voltage, which can significantly reduce the occurrence frequency of the abnormal cases during the incremental‐step‐pulse‐programming (ISPP) and error‐check‐and‐correction (ECC) processes. This phenomenon reduces the number of ISPP/ECC sequences, which is advantageous for achieving energy‐efficient programming in the multibit operation of an RS device. To clarify the role of the Al2O3 thin film layer, a comparative study is performed with an Au/HfO2/TiN stacked device and a serially connected external load resistor. The observed behavior is consistent with that of the device with an Al2O3 layer. This study demonstrates that the simple insertion of an insulating layer in an RS device can facilitate reliable and energy‐efficient multibit operation for future nonvolatile memory applications.
An All‐Inorganic, Transparent, Flexible, and Nonvolatile Resistive Memory
Authors: Yang Yuxi , Gao Wenxiu , Xie Zhongshuai , Wang Yaojin , Yuan Guoliang , Liu Jun‐Ming
Published: August 2018

A rapid surge in the research of lightweight, invisible, and flexible electronics is occurring with the arrival of Internet of Things (IoT). However, multifunctional perovskite oxide electronics are commonly hard and should be synthesized at high temperature and oxygen ambience, where most transparent conductive films will become brittle or highly resistive. Thus, the realization of transparent and flexible nonvolatile perovskite oxide resistive memory remains a big challenge. Here, a transparent, flexible, nonvolatile, and all‐inorganic memory with the mica substrate is prepared: the 2.7 wt% Ag‐doped indium–tin oxide (Ag–ITO) film as bottom electrodes, the BaTi0.95Co0.05O3−δ (BTCO) film as resistive‐switching functional layer, and the Ag/ITO films as top electrodes. The Ag–ITO/BTCO/Ag/ITO heterosturcture shows a unipolar resistive‐switching behavior, and its high/low resistance ratio is up to 5 × 103 under a low operating voltage (<2.8 V) with fast response speed (≈50 ns). Either high‐ or low‐resistance states remain stable even after the 14 400 cycles' dynamic bending test with the minimum radius of 3 mm. Additionally, the bipolar resistive‐switching characteristic is observed in the ≈85 nm diameter region. As a result, such resistive memory shows potential to be used in many transparent and flexible devices, such as electronic skins and flexible displays.
Variation in sampling effort affects the observed richness of plant–plant interactions via heterospecific pollen transfer: implications for interpretation of pollen transfer networks
Authors: Arceo‐Gómez Gerardo , Alonso Conchita , Ashman Tia‐Lynn , Parra‐Tabla Victor
Published: August 2018

Premise of the Study

There is growing interest in understanding plant–plant interactions via pollen transfer at the community level. Studies on the structure and spatial variability of pollen transfer networks have been valuable to this understanding. However, there is high variability in the intensity of sampling used to characterize pollen transfer interactions, which could influence network structure. To date, there is no knowledge of how sampling effort influences the richness of pollen on stigmas and thereby transfer interactions observed, nor how this may vary across species and study sites.

Methods

We use rarefaction curves on 16 species to characterize the relationship between sampling effort (number of stigmas analyzed) and the richness of pollen transfer interactions recorded. We further assess variability in this relationship among species, plant community types, and sites within a single plant community.

Key Results

We show high among‐species variation in the amount of sampling required to sufficiently characterize interspecific pollen transfer. We further reveal variability in the sampling effort‐interaction richness relationship among different plant communities and even for the same species growing in different sites.

Conclusions

The wide heterogeneity in the sampling effort required to accurately characterize pollen transfer interactions observed has the potential to influence the characterization of pollen transfer dynamics. Thus, sampling completeness should be considered in future studies to avoid overestimation of modularity and specialization in pollen transfer networks that may bias the predicted causes and expected consequences of such processes for plant–plant interactions.
Order‐level fern plastome phylogenomics: new insights from Hymenophyllales
Authors: Kuo Li‐Yaung , Qi Xinping , Ma Hong , Li Fay‐Wei
Published: August 2018

Premise of the Study

Filmy ferns (Hymenophyllales) are a highly specialized lineage, having mesophyll one‐cell layer thick and inhabiting particularly shaded and humid environments. The phylogenetic placement of Hymenophyllales has been inconclusive, and while over 87 whole fern plastomes have been published, none was from Hymenophyllales. To better understand the evolutionary history of filmy ferns, we sequenced the first complete plastome for this order.

Methods

We compiled a phylogenomic plastome data set encompassing all 11 fern orders, and reconstructed phylogenies using different data types (nucleotides, codons, and amino acids) and partition schemes (codon positions and loci). To infer the evolution of fern plastome organization, we coded plastome features, including inversions, inverted repeat boundary shifts, gene losses, and tRNA anticodon sequences as characters, and reconstructed the ancestral states for these characters.

Key Results

We discovered a suite of novel, Hymenophyllales‐specific plastome structures that likely resulted from repeated expansions and contractions of the inverted repeat regions. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal that Hymenophyllales is highly supported as either sister to Gleicheniales or to Gleicheniales + the remaining non‐Osmundales leptosporangiates, depending on the data type and partition scheme.

Conclusions

Although our analyses could not confidently resolve the phylogenetic position of Hymenophyalles, the results here highlight the danger of drawing conclusions from “all‐in” phylogenomic data set without exploring potential inconsistencies in the data. Finally, our first order‐level reconstruction of fern plastome structural evolution provides a useful framework for future plastome research.
Synthesis, Optoelectric Property, and Electroluminescent Behavior of Annulated Dioxin Derivative Containing Thirteen Six‐membered Rings
Authors: Song Tingting , Li Yuliang , Liu Xinqun , Zhang Chunfang , Zhao Xiaohui , Xiao Jinchong
Published: August 2018

To realize the high reactivity of large acenes, doping heteroatoms into the skeleton of acene is an appealing strategy. Thus herein a novel annulated dioxin derivative containing thirteen six‐membered rings (DPyP) in one row has been synthesized and characterized. The resulting molecule presented maximum absorption and emission peaks at 611 nm and 655 nm in dichloromethane, respectively, and its decomposition temperature was stable up to 343 °C (5% weight loss). Furthermore, the organic light‐emitting diode fabricated with DPyP as an emitter exhibited a promising electroluminescent performance with the maximum red brightness of 301 cd m−2 with CIE of (0.71, 0.28).
Ontogenetic changes to muscle architectural properties within the jaw‐adductor musculature of Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Dickinson Edwin , Fitton Laura C. , Kupczik Kornelius
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Changes to soft‐ and hard‐tissue components of the masticatory complex during development can impact functional performance by altering muscle excursion potential, maximum muscle forces, and the efficiency of force transfer to specific bitepoints. Within Macaca fascicularis, older individuals exploit larger, more mechanically resistant food items and more frequently utilize wide‐gape jaw postures. We therefore predict that key architectural and biomechanical variables will scale during ontogeny to maximize bite force and gape potential within older, larger‐bodied individuals.

Materials and methods

We analyzed 26 specimens of M. fascicularis, representing a full developmental spectrum. The temporalis, superficial masseter, and deep masseter were dissected to determine muscle mass, fiber length, and physiologic cross‐sectional area (PCSA). Lever‐arm lengths were also measured for each muscle, alongside the height of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and basicranial length. These variables were scaled against two biomechanical variables (jaw length and condyle‐molar length) to determine relative developmental changes within these parameters.

Results

During ontogeny, muscle mass, fiber length, and PCSA scaled with positive allometry relative to jaw length and condyle‐molar length within all muscles. TMJ height also scaled with positive allometry, while muscle lever arms scaled with isometry relative to jaw length and with positive allometry (temporalis) or isometry (superficial and deep masseter) relative to condyle‐molar length.

Conclusion

Larger individuals demonstrate adaptations during development towards maximizing gape potential and bite force potential at both an anterior and posterior bitepoint. These data provide anatomical evidence to support field observations of dietary and behavioral differences between juvenile and adult M. fascicularis.
Paper‐Based Antibody Detection Devices Using Bioluminescent BRET‐Switching Sensor Proteins
Authors: Tenda Keisuke , van Gerven Benice , Arts Remco , Hiruta Yuki , Merkx Maarten , Citterio Daniel
Published: August 2018

This work reports on fully integrated “sample‐in‐signal‐out” microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (μPADs) relying on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) switches for analyte recognition and colorimetric signal generation. The devices use BRET‐based antibody sensing proteins integrated into vertically assembled layers of functionalized paper, and their design enables sample volume‐independent and fully reagent‐free operation, including on‐device blood plasma separation. User operation is limited to the application of a single drop (20–30 μL) of sample (serum, whole blood) and the acquisition of a photograph 20 min after sample introduction, with no requirement for precise pipetting, liquid handling, or analytical equipment except for a camera. Simultaneous detection of three different antibodies (anti‐HIV1, anti‐HA, and anti‐DEN1) in whole blood was achieved. Given its simplicity, this type of device is ideally suited for user‐friendly point‐of‐care testing in low‐resource environments.
Geochemische Kontinuität und Katalysator/Cofaktor‐Austausch für Ursprung und Evolution des Lebens
Authors: Fontecilla‐Camps Juan C.
Published: August 2018

Zwei Hypothesen konkurrieren vorrangig um eine Erklärung des Ursprungs allen Lebens: “Genetics First” und “Metabolism First”. Die Erste basiert auf dem Miller‐Uray‐Experiment und auf organischen Molekülen, die auf Meteoriten und Kometen gefunden wurden. Sie geht von einem heterotrophen Ursprung des Lebens aus und steht im Einklang mit dem Konzept einer “RNA‐Welt”. Die “Metabolism‐First”‐Hypothese postuliert einen autotrophen Ursprung des Lebens, basierend auf Mineralien und/oder hydrothermalen Quellen. Unmittelbare Beweise zur Untersützung einer der beiden Hypothesen fehlen. Der “Metabolism‐First”‐Hypothese kann jedoch nachgegangen werden, wenn man einen kontinuierlichen, geochemischen, katalytisch‐dynamischen Prozess zugrunde legt. Unter Anwendung dieses Ansatzes stelle ich die Vermutung an, dass sich die Purin‐ und Pyrimidinsynthese auf sich auf mineralischen Oberflächen entwickelt hat, die später durch ATP ersetzt wurden. Dieses Konzept lässt sich auf Redoxprozesse erweitern, bei denen metallgebundene Hydride später durch NAD ersetzt werden konnten.
Chemoselective Probe Containing a Unique Bioorthogonal Cleavage Site for Investigation of Gut Microbiota Metabolism
Authors: Garg Neeraj , Conway Louis P. , Ballet Caroline , Correia Mario S. P. , Olsson Frida K. S. , Vujasinovic Miroslav , Löhr J.‐Matthias , Globisch Daniel
Published: August 2018

While metabolites derived from gut microbiota metabolism have been linked to disease development in the human host, the chemical tools required for their detailed analysis and the discovery of biomarkers are limited. A unique and multifunctional chemical probe for mass spectrometric analysis, which contains p‐nitrocinnamyloxycarbonyl as a new bioorthogonal cleavage site has been designed and synthesized. Coupled to magnetic beads, this chemical probe allows for straightforward extraction of metabolites from human samples and release under mild conditions. This isolation from the sample matrix results in significantly reduced ion suppression, an increased mass spectrometric sensitivity, and facilitates the detection of metabolites in femtomole quantities. The chemoselective probe was applied to the analysis of human fecal samples, resulting in the discovery of four metabolites previously unreported in this sample type and confirmation of the presence of medically relevant gut microbiota‐derived metabolites.
Enantioselective Access to 1H‐Isoindoles with Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization
Authors: Grosheva Daria , Cramer Nicolai
Published: August 2018

A catalytic enantioselective method for the synthesis of chiral 1H‐isoindoles bearing quaternary stereogenic centers is reported. Powered by readily accessible phosphordiamidite ligands, the presented palladium(0)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization uses trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides as electrophilic components. It delivers previously inaccessible perfluoroalkylated 1H‐isoindoles in high yields and enantioselectivities. The subsequent diastereoselective addition of nucleophiles provides access to densely substituted and sterically hindered isoindolines.
Controlling Dissolution and Transformation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks by using Electron‐Beam‐Induced Amorphization
Authors: Conrad Sabrina , Kumar Prashant , Xue Feng , Ren Limin , Henning Sheryl , Xiao Chunhong , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Tsapatsis Michael
Published: August 2018

Amorphous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) offer promising applications as novel functional materials. Herein, amorphization of ZIF‐L through scanning‐electron‐beam exposure is demonstrated, based on amorphization of individual ZIF‐L crystals. The amorphized ZIF product has drastically increased stability against dissolution in water. An electron dose that allows for complete preservation of amorphous particles after immersion in water is established, resulting in new shapes of amorphous ZIF‐L with spatial control at the sub‐micrometer length scale. Changed water stability as a consequence of scanning‐electron‐beam exposure is demonstrated for three additional metal–organic frameworks (ZIF‐8, Zn(BeIm)OAc, MIL‐101), highlighting the potential use of an electron beam for top‐down MOF patterning. Lastly, recrystallization of ZIF‐L in the presence of linker is studied and shows distinct differences for crystalline and amorphized material.
Feedback Linearization Based Distributed Model Predictive Control for Secondary Control of Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Guo Zhuoyu , Li Shaoyuan , Zheng Yi
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a distributed Model Predictive Control (DMPC) is proposed for the secondary voltage and frequency control of islanded microgrid, where each distributed generator (DG) is controlled by a Model Predictive Control (MPC) in the secondary control layer, individually. With considering the nonlinear dynamics of DG with primary control, input‐output feedback schemes are developed for voltage and frequency control separately. Then, all MPCs use the local and neighboring nodes information to solve the optimization problem instead of communicating with a central controller. In this way, the control of the whole system is fully distributed, which allows for a plug‐and‐play. The convergence and stability analysis of the overall closed‐loop system are provided. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Systematic assessment of triticale‐based biorefinery strategies: sustainability assessment using multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM)
Authors: Sanaei Shabnam , Chambost Virginie , Stuart Paul R
Published: August 2018

Triticale – a hybrid of rye and wheat – is a man‐made crop that has the potential to be a preferred feedstock for the biorefinery in Canada because of its ability to grow on marginal land, its high yields, and its non‐competition with food‐based crops. However, it is challenging to identify sustainable investment options among the many possible triticale‐based biorefinery pathways. Several product‐process combinations for the production of polylactic acid (PLA) were defined in this study, each involving different degrees of technology and market risk. The different biorefinery configurations had conflicting rankings considering different criteria, making a trade‐off analysis essential to assess the most sustainable biorefinery strategies. Economic, competitive, and environmental dimensions of the biorefinery alternatives were thus evaluated in a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) panel, so that the triticale‐based biorefinery strategies could be ranked using a sustainability perspective.

In this study, a set of ten criteria determined as the most important through previously‐conducted MCDMs were presented to a decision‐making panel. They determined that for PLA production, maximizing electricity production through a straw‐dedicated CHP unit was the least sustainable investment option, due to poor economic and competitiveness performance associated with its capital‐intensiveness and its failure to include a value‐added product portfolio. Therefore, this investment option was screened out from the list of strategies to be further analyzed. On the other hand, options featuring higher technology risk including energy‐efficient separation processes (ultra‐filtration) and integrated fermentation processes (SSCF) attained significantly better sustainability scores due mainly to their low energy and raw materials consumption values. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Facile Synthesis, Triplet‐State Properties, and Electrochemistry of Hexaiodo‐Subphthalocyanine
Authors: Obłoza Magdalena , Łapok Łukasz , Solarski Jędrzej , Pędziński Tomasz , Nowakowska Maria
Published: August 2018

In view of the ever‐growing demand for efficient triplet photosensitizers and photoactive components of various optoelectronic devices, we herein report the synthesis and properties of hexaiodo‐subphthalocyanines (I6SubPcs). The improved five‐step route to 4,5‐diiodophthalonitrile, which serves as precursor for the synthesis of the I6SubPcs, is reported. The improved synthesis merely required one chromatographic separation to afford the high‐purity target product. Highly desirable photophysical and photochemical properties were induced in the I6SubPcs due to the presence of six heavy iodine atoms. In particular, high values of the singlet‐oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) ranging from 0.83 to 0.9 were measured. The I6SubPcs investigated proved to be phosphorescent at 77 K in 2‐MeTHF with emission band maxima (λP) located at λ=957 and 970 nm. The excited‐triplet‐state energies (ET) were estimated to be approximately 1.30 eV, whereas the triplet lifetimes (τT) were found to be 27.7 and 30.1 μs. The CV/DPV measurements indicated that both I6SubPcs exhibited one irreversible oxidation and one quasi‐reversible reduction. The spectroelectrochemical measurements pointed to a relative stability and reversibility of the electrochemically formed anion radical, that is, I6SubPc.−, and an instability of the species formed upon one‐electron oxidation, that is, I6SubPc.+. Estimation of EHOMO gave a value of approximately −5.8 eV whereas ELUMO was found to be located at around −3.8 eV.
Neutral, Cationic and Hydride‐Substituted Siloxygermylenes
Authors: Roy Matthew M. D. , Fujimori Shiori , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Tokitoh Norihiro , Rivard Eric
Published: August 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Eric Rivard at the University of Alberta and colleagues in Kyoto University (Norihiro Tokitoh group). The image depicts a low coordinate germanium complex, which was used to induce the catalytic reduction of ketones to value added products. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802958.
Application of knowledge‐based cognitive CAPTCHA in Cloud of Things security
Authors: Ogiela Marek R. , Krzyworzeka Natalia , Ogiela Lidia
Published: August 2018

Current visual CAPTCHA designs are incorporating a number of techniques, which should prevent bots or unauthorized users from correct image fragmentation and symbol recognition, but the designs are varying very much in level of safety and robustness and may not be user‐friendly enough for broader use. This paper attempts to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of current solutions, from the security and user‐friendliness point of view. It also presents another approach to visual CAPTCHA generating algorithm that consists of many different styles of letters, combined with a purposeful background. Depicted CAPTCHA was created with the focus centered on strengthening scheme against different image detection techniques, especially character and pattern recognition. Such CAPTCHA can be applied for different security purposes in modern Cloud of Things technologies. In this paper is also presented an idea of cognitive CAPTCHAs which required special knowledge and perceptual skills. Such CAPTCHA may play important role in future security protocols.
Multi‐objective approach of energy efficient workflow scheduling in cloud environments
Authors: Rehman Attiqa , Hussain Syed S. , ur Rehman Zia , Zia Seemal , Shamshirband Shahaboddin
Published: August 2018

Scheduling the tasks of a workflow to the cloud resources is a well‐known N‐P hard problem. The stakeholders involved in a cloud environment have different interests in scheduling problem. In addition to the traditional objectives like makespan, budget, and deadline, optimized in workflow scheduling, considering the green aspect of cloud, (ie, energy consumption) increase the problem complexity. Moreover, the interests of a cloud's stakeholders are conflicting, and satisfying all these interests simultaneously is a big problem. In this paper, we proposed a new Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm(MOGA) for workflow scheduling in a cloud environment. MOGA considered the conflicting interest of the cloud stakeholders for optimization and provided a solution, which not only minimizes the makespan under the budget and deadline constraints but also provided an energy efficient solution using the dynamic voltage frequency scaling. We provided a gap search algorithm in this paper, which is used to optimize the resource utilization of the cloud's resources. We compared our results with genetic algorithms considering the budget, deadline, and energy efficiency individually. We also compared the performance of MOGA with Multi‐objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) with the same objectives as those of MOGA. To the best of our knowledge, there is no solution presented in the literature that considers the diverse objectives considered in this work. The results show that our proposed algorithm MOGA has significantly improved not only in terms of budget, deadline, and energy but also improved the utilization of cloud's resources as compared to the competitive algorithms of this work.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Materials from Benzothiadiazole‐Based Charge‐Transfer Chromophores: Interdependence of Optical Properties and Aggregation
Authors: Bardi Brunella , Dall'Agnese Chunxiang , Tassé Marine , Ladeira Sonia , Painelli Anna , Moineau‐Chane Ching Kathleen I. , Terenziani Francesca
Published: August 2018

A family of multipolar V‐shaped chromophores bearing an A′‐D‐A‐D‐A′ structure were investigated, where 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole, acting as the central electron acceptor (A), is linked to two thiophene‐based electron‐donating moieties (D) end‐capped with alkyl‐cyanoacetate substituents (A′). The spectroscopic properties of thin films and powders were investigated and were compared to solutions and nanoaggregates. The optical properties strongly depended on the aggregation state and could be tuned by means of thermal treatment (annealing) of the films and through mechanical treatment (grinding) of the powders, demonstrating that these materials are multistimuli responsive. The spectroscopic analysis revealed the partial formation of J‐aggregates both in the films and in powders, despite the weak luminescence. This behavior was interpreted as due to the partial formation of poorly fluorescent red‐shifted aggregates acting as a sink in an efficient excitation energy‐transfer process from J‐aggregates.
Deep phenotyping of immune cell populations by optimized and standardized flow cytometry analyses
Authors: Pitoiset Fabien , Cassard Lydie , El Soufi Karim , Boselli Lisa , Grivel Jonathan , Roux Alexandra , Klatzmann David , Chaput Nathalie , Rosenzwajg Michelle
Published: August 2018

Multicolor flow cytometry is a technology of choice for phenotyping of immune cells, and it can be used routinely for the follow up of patients in clinical trials. But it is challenging to define combinations of conjugated antibodies that efficiently allow the detailed analysis of major immune cell subsets and the identification of rare cell populations. In a collaborative work among the Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy (I3) laboratory, and the laboratory of immunomonitoring in oncology (L.I.O), we developed and validated 12 different 10‐color flow cytometry panels that allow the deep immunophenotyping of cells from whole blood for the follow up of autoimmune and cancer patients. Here, we describe these optimized flow cytometry panels, showing that they provide the advanced analysis of T cells (including regulatory T cells), B cells, NK cells, MAIT cells, myeloid cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Most of the panels have been dried to improve standardization of the labeling and the entire procedure can be performed on less than 2 ml of whole blood. These deep immunophenotyping flow cytometry panels constitute a powerful tool for the monitoring of immune blood cells and will hopefully lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune and cancer clinical trials. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Interval type‐2 fuzzy Kalman filter aided individual channel estimation in MIMO relay systems
Authors: Kaur Harmandar , Khosla Mamta , Sarin R.K.
Published: August 2018

For a multiple input multiple output relay system, the overall system performance is dependent on the effectiveness of the channel estimation technique adopted. In real time, communicating nodes have Doppler offset influences associated with them owing to high mobility that largely affects the characteristics of underlying channels. Thus, for the complete characterisation of the channel under fast time varying fading conditions, the estimation of the Doppler offset influences along with the channel coefficients becomes inevitable. However, the combined estimation of the channel and the Doppler influences renders the overall estimation problem nonlinear. In literature, majority of the channel estimation methods assume that the Doppler offset influences are already known to the receiver node or nodes are assumed to be stationary. In this paper, a novel hybrid interval type‐2 fuzzy aided Kalman filter method is proposed for the nonlinear channel estimation problem in one‐way two‐hop multiple input multiple output relay system. This channel estimation issue is represented as a nonlinear state space model, and the proposed hybrid method that combines the merits offered by the interval type‐2 fuzzy interpolation and the Kalman filter approach is applied to address the issue. For type reduction, Nie‐Tan method is adopted which is a low computational load extension of the widely used Karnik‐Mendel approach. Furthermore, a computational complexity analysis has been performed. The proposed hybrid interval type‐2 fuzzy based Kalman filter approach shows good performance‐complexity trade off under fast time varying channel conditions for one‐way two‐hop multiple input multiple output relay system.
A reliable, secure, and energy efficient smart grid node allocation algorithm for heterogeneous network scenarios
Authors: Kouhdaragh Vahid , Tarchi Daniele , Vanelli‐Coralli Alessandro
Published: August 2018

The legacy power grid was becoming inefficient in the last decades, mostly due to a changed behavior in energy consumption and generation. To this aim, a novel approach, called smart grid (SG), has been introduced, enabling a smarter management of the electrical power grid, mostly based on a more efficient monitoring and management of the energy consumption and generation by exploiting the presence of sensing and actuator nodes. To properly work, the SG nodes need to interact among themselves and with the centralized monitoring system; therefore, an integrated SG communication network (SGCN) should be considered in the design. In this paper, wireless communication technologies have been considered for the SGCN due to their advantages with respect to wired connections, by focusing on heterogeneous networks (HetNets). However, because of radio resource shortage, an optimization process for their deployment should be considered. We resort in the following to a cost functions approach for optimizing the allocation of the SG node types to different Radio Access Technologies by considering both communication and energy aspects. The numerical results highlight that, thanks to the proposed allocation approach, it is possible to implement an efficient HetNet for supporting different SG node types by trading off between communication requirements and energy consumption.