bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Patients With Neuromuscular Disease and Limited Mobility
Authors: Christle Jeffrey W. , Duong Tina , Parker Dana , Stevens Veronica , Dunaway Young Sally , Kaufman Beth D. , Tang Whitney , Sampson Jacinda , Myers Jonathan , Ashley Euan A. , Day John , Wheeler Matthew T.
Published: March 2023

Background

Patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) have progressive muscle weakness and limited mobility that contributes to a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle often leads to deconditioning and decreases cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is the gold standard for the evaluation of CRF but has not been widely applied in patients with NMD.

Methods

Patients with NMD were recruited from the Neuromuscular Clinic at the Stanford Neurosciences Health Center at Stanford University. Matched controls were recruited by staff from the local community by word of mouth. All participants performed CPX using a wheelchair-accessible total body trainer and a wearable metabolic cart system to volitional exhaustion.

Results

Participants with NMD and limited mobility (n = 37) were able to perform high-quality CPX with no adverse events or safety concerns of comparable quality to controls. Average respiratory exchange ratio for NMD patients was 1.08 ± 0.16, and average rating of perceived exertion was 18 ± 2 compared with 1.16 ± 0.12 and 18 ± 2 for controls, respectively (P = 0.17 and P = 0.78, respectively). Patients with NMD on average showed markedly reduced percent predicted VO2max and impaired ventilatory efficiency.

Conclusion

High-quality CPX in patients with NMD may reveal distinct physiological profiles that may lead to a better understanding of pathology in these individuals. CPX on total body trainers may be a viable method for improving exercise prescription for patients with NMD.
A Place for Attachment Theory in Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology
Authors: Meredith Pamela , Hill Jessica , Stanton Robert
Published: March 2023

Globally physical inactivity is a leading, independent, and significant risk factor for disease and mortality. Exercise scientists and clinical exercise physiologists have a key role in supporting client participation in physical activity. However, with the rates of physical activity continuing to be low, we argue for a paradigm shift in the way practitioners engage with clients. Attachment theory, a theory which focuses on social relationships and bonds, has received increased attention within physical activity and broader health literature. Awareness of attachment theory provides insight into individual health-related responses and physical activity motivation and guides key professional practices and processes relevant to both exercise scientists and clinical exercise physiologists. However, there remains no research specific to the application of attachment theory by these 2 professions. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on attachment theory applicable to exercise science and exercise physiology and highlights the potential for attachment theory to inform future practice, education, and research, concluding with 3 recommendations for future research priorities.
zat gizi makro (karbohidrat,protein,lemak)
Authors: Irmayanti Andi
Published: March 2023

zat gizi makro karbohidrat,protein,lemak
ZAT MAKRO
Authors: KHATIMAH HUSNUL
Published: March 2023

ZAT MAKRO TERBAGI ATAS 3 YAITU. KARBOHIDRAT,LEMAK DAN PROTEIN
Heightened risk aversion and less deterministic choices for visual versus auditory decision-making
Authors: Burrowes Dylan A , Jamadar Sharna , Cain Sean , Voigt Katharina
Published: March 2023

Aversion to risks and losses biases our decision-making. In turn, aversion to risk and loss may be biased by whether information is taken visually or aurally. Little research has directly compared risk and loss aversion across modalities, or which higher-order mechanisms might drive differences. This study examined data from 162 participants completing an economic decision-making task, allocated to visual or auditory conditions. Participants selected between ‘certain’ and ‘gamble’ monetary choices and their behaviour was modelled using Markov chain Monte Carlo and hierarchical Bayesian modelling to derive parameter estimates for risk aversion, loss aversion and choice consistency. We found a tendency for individuals presented with visual information to be more risk averse, but less deterministic in their choices compared to those presented with auditory information. No such differences were found in loss aversion. Self-reported measures of cognitive load were recorded post-task, and while no significant differences were found between conditions, increased perceived load was associated with heightened risk aversion in the visual but not auditory condition. Overall, these results suggest a heightened preference for certainty over uncertainty in written word compared to spoken word, supporting the argument that these sensory modalities have partially independent processors further modulated by perceived cognitive resources.
Zat gizi makro
Authors: irmayanti Andi
Published: March 2023

Karbohidrat protein dan lemak
How AI’s self-prolongation influences people’s perceptions of its autonomous mind: The case of U.S. residents
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , La Viet-Phuong , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Jin Ruining , La Minh-Khanh , Le Tam-Tri
Published: March 2023

The expanding integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in various aspects of society makes the infosphere around us increasingly complex. Humanity already faces many obstacles trying to have a better understanding of our own minds, but now we have to find ways to make sense of the minds of AI. The issue of AI’s capability to have independent thinking is of special attention. When dealing with such an unfamiliar concept, people may rely on existing human properties, such as survival desire, to make assessments. Employing information-processing-based Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics on a dataset of 266 residents in the United States, we found that the more people believe that an AI agent seeks continued functioning, the more they believe in that AI agent’s capability of having a mind of its own. Moreover, we also found that the above association becomes stronger if a person is more familiar with personally interacting with AI. This suggests a directional pattern of value reinforcement in perceptions of AI. As the information processing of AI becomes even more sophisticated in the future, it will be much harder to set clear boundaries about what it means to have an autonomous mind.
No genericity in sight: An exploration of the semantics of masculine generics in German
Authors: Schmitz Dominic , Schneider Viktoria , Esser Janina
Published: March 2023

Findings of previous behavioural studies suggest that the semantic nature of what is known as the ‘masculine generic’ in Modern Standard German is indeed not generic but biased towards a masculine reading. Such findings are cause of debates within and outside linguistic research as they run counter the grammarian assumption of the masculine generic form to be gender-neutral. The present paper aims to explore the semantics of masculine generics, relating them to those of masculine and feminine explicit counterparts. To achieve this aim, an approach novel to this area of linguistic research is made use of: discriminative learning. Analysing semantic vectors obtained via naive discriminative learning, semantic measures calculated via linear discriminative learning, and taking into account the stereotypicality of words under investigation, it is found that masculine generics are semantically much more similar to masculine explicits than to feminine explicits. The results presented in this paper thus support the notion of a masculine bias in masculine generics. Further, new insight into the semantic representations of masculine generics are provided and it is shown that stereotypicality does not modulate the masculine bias.
Where Can Big Team Science Go Next? Foundational Tests, Unique Populations, and Strict Theory Testing
Authors: Protzko John
Published: March 2023

Big Team Science involves dozens if not hundreds of independent research labs from potentially all over the world coming together to run the same study. The power with which these studies tackle issues of replicability and generalizability are unprecedented in Psychological science. Here, we discuss new places Big Team Science can go on top of investigating issues of replicability and generalizability. 1) Big Team Science can leverage collective intelligence to identify studies that are foundational to specific theories and test them; 2) Big Team Science can leverage the data collection capabilities of numerous labs to collect data on hard to reach populations to provide theoretical advances in psychology; 3) Big Team Science can be merged with adversarial collaborations to put theories in psychology to strict experimental tests. With the growth of Big Team Science comes new avenues for advancing psychological theory.
Growth patterns of urban Malaysian children under 24 months of age in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Yong Heng Yaw ,   Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohd Shariff Zalilah ,   Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Wong Chee Yen ,   School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: To identify the growth patterns of young children during the first two years of life according to gestational age, birth weight, and growth status at 24 months of age. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 4,570 young children in Selangor. Data were extracted from children’s health records in government health clinics. Growth data were analysed using the Anthro Plus software that utilises the World Health Organization growth standards. Results: Generally, wasting prevalence was the highest at birth and 24 months, but stunting was more predominant from 1 to 21 months. Weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), lengthfor-age z-scores (LAZ), and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) from birth to 24 months were within -3.00 to 0.00 standard deviation (SD) for pre-term low birth weight children, –1.50 to 0.00 SD for pre-term normal birth weight children, and –2.50 to 0.50 SD for full-term low birth weight children. While WAZ, LAZ, and WLZ from birth to 24 months for underweight/stunted/wasted children were within –2.50 to 0.50 SD, the values for overweight/obese (OV/OB) children were within –1.00 to 2.00 SD. For normal children, WAZ, LAZ, and WLZ exhibited comparable trends, with values within –1.00 to 0.00 SD from birth to 24 months. Conclusion: While stunting and wasting persisted as the most common forms of malnutrition in this sample of young children, the prevalence of OV/OB increased by 24 months. Interventions to promote child growth should focus not only on the prevention of undernutrition, but also on OV/OB.
A Rare Case Report on Pyopericadium Progressing to Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Yadav Krishna , Laudari Shankar
Published: March 2023

Pyopericardium is a rare condition with a high mortality in which infection propagates in the pericardial space leading to pus filled pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, which can cause cardiogenic shock and death. We present a case of previously healthy 79 years old male, who was diagnosed as Tubercular Pericardial effusion in IOM-TUTH, Maharajgung and on Antitubercular Therapy since 2 months. The patient didn’t respond well with the therapy and eventually presented to Chitwan Mutu Aspatal emergency with features of cardiac tamponade. It was confirmed on Two-Dimensional transthoracic Echocardiography and emergency pericardiocentesis drained frank pus around 1000ml. The patient was administered intravenous antibiotics along with continuation of Antitubercular Therapy and other supportive measures leading to gradual recovery of the patient and then discharged on antibiotics.
Acute Severe Mitral Regurgitation Secondary to Papillary Muscle Rupture: A Rare Mechanical Complication of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Barakoti Murari Prasad
Published: March 2023

Acute myocardial infarction in current era is detected promptly and emergent percutaneous intervention is initiated in most part of the world as a standard of care which has led to significant reduction in all the complications associated with acute myocardial ischemia. A 46-year-old man presented with acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breathand was found to have a non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture. This case describes a rare and potentially fatal mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction. Use of transesophageal echo guides for the understanding the mechanism and guide the management.
Quanta est nobis via? Re-reading Ut Unum Sint 25 years later
Authors: Choromański Andrzej
Published: March 2023

Published on 25 May 1995, Ut unum sint was the first ever and remains to the date the only papal encyclical entirely dedicated to ecumenism. Written thirty years after the Second Vatican Council, it was an important step on the way in the reception in the life of the Church of the principles and norms on ecumenism outlined in the conciliar decree Unitatis redintegratio. The article proposes a re-reading of the encyclical twenty-five years after its publication. It begins with an overview of the ecumenical engagement of John Paul II, for whom the search for Christian unity was one of the pastoral priorities of his pontificate. The article continues with a presentation of the ecumenical situation at the time of the publication of Ut unum sint marked by a growing skepticism towards ecumenism within denominations and a certain stagnation within the ecumenical movement. It then presents the vision of the Church and its unity which animates the encyclical, namely the concept of communion (communio/koinonia). The article then presents some characteristics of the ecumenical situation today and delineates the important challenges such as lack of a common vision of the goal of the ecumenical movement and a shift in the ecumenical paradigm from full visible unity to mutual recognition. It concludes with arguing that explored anew in the ecumenical dialogue against the background of the current condition of world Christianity, Ut unum sint may be a source of inspiration for the search for a fresh vision for the ecumenical movement in the 21st century.
Reception of John Paul II’s Encyclical Ut unum sint in Cieszyn Silesia
Authors: Budniak Józef
Published: March 2023

There are places where the ecumenical movement is born and grows out of the very essence of social and cultural reality. Cieszyn Silesia belongs to one of such places. Situated on the meeting point of various nationalities, cultures, and Churches, it constitutes a border region in a literal and symbolic sense. This region has become the home for the largest population of the Lutherans in Poland. The ecumenical movement which has been born and developed here is a necessary and inevitable consequence of such coexistence of Churches — the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutheran. Both Churches have become symbols of ecumenical life based on faith, tolerance, experience and respect. Nowadays all of these factors create a modern ecumenism. Ecumenism in Cieszyn Silesia has a very long and rich history. The phenomenon of Churches’ coexistence appeared almost five centuries ago. It means that the ecumenical movement had existed here long before the Catholic Church promulgated the encyclical Ut unum sint. On the basis of the examples of the ecumenical relationships mentioned in the article, it can be said that the look of the “wise” today at its “yesterday” helps to build a better “tomorrow”. Therefore it can be said that on the basis of a well-lived present, firmly rooted in history, rises a favourable hope for the future of the Church. Presenting the reception of John Paul’s II Ut unum sint among the multi-denominational population of Cieszyn Silesia one could quote Reverend Professor Wacław Hryniewicz, one of the most remarkable Polish ecumenists: “An authentic reception can be achieved only when the partners differ from each other because diversity enables the true relation of giving and taking.”
A Study on Educational Implications of ‘Allegory of Cave’ in Plato’s Republic
Authors:   Educational Research Institute, Lee Byung Seong
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze and translate ‘Allegory of Cave’ in Plato’s Republic, vol. 7 from an educational perspective, focusing on the unique meaning and importance of allegory. For achieving this aim, researcher firstly tried to reconstruct forms of this allegory, introduced by Plato in a conversational type step by step, and tried to identify many educational implications involved in this allegory in three main aspects. Conclusions are as follows;
Firstly, researcher found that concept of ‘conversional education’ handled as important assignment of educational work in allegory. In view of this suggestion, educators would be rethinking critically and be prepared to change their traditional concept of education.
Secondly, researcher found that removing prejudices or preconceptions is an important assignment for educational activities in this allegory. In view of this discovery, educators would make efforts to remove prejudices or preconceptions before teaching specific knowledge or information.
Lastly, researcher discovered that one of the important attitudes of educators is to have the humanity toward ignorant and stupid people in the allegory. In this view, educators would provide their own true knowledge or information to the ignorant. In addition to this implications, researcher tried to suggest the possibilities of re-translating the ‘Allegory of Cave’ for having meaningful connotations and implications.
Preliminary Child Care Teachers' Perceptions of Good Teachers and Good Teaching
Authors:   Educational Research Institute, Choo Su Jin
Published: March 2023

This study tried to concentrate on good classes and good teachers as preliminary child care teachers, and conducted the research with the expectation that good educational values could be implanted in preliminary child care teachers in the future. The research participants were 24 college students. Quantitative statistical and qualitative research method were conducted to investigate the preliminary child care teachers’ perception of good teachers and good classes. As a result of analyzing by jamovi 1.6.23, the most frequent words used as good teachers were warm-heart (6.3%), love (5.4%), kindness (4.6%), listening attentively (4.6%), and respect (4.2%). A total of 47 words related to good classes were expressed, and 151 words including duplicate words were expressed. The words that appeared as a good class were pleasant (5.9%), full of laughter (5.9%), cooperative (5.9%), early young children-centered (5.3%), interesting (5.3%), and creativity (4.6%).
As a result of analyzing the descriptive responses on the perception of good teachers, it was classified into a total of three categories. First, a teacher with good character. Second, a teacher who gives love and happiness. Third, a good interactive teacher. As a result of analyzing the descriptive responses on the perception of good classes, it was classified into a total of three categories. First, a class where safety is paramount. Second, an early young children-centered, play-centered class. Third, an interactive class.
This study is meaningful because it was able to learn about the ideas related to the qualities and attitudes to be possessed as a preliminary child care teachers and the contents that are valued for good teaching through the preliminary child care teachers’ perception of good teacher and good classes.
The Cost of a Nutritious Diet for Households Including People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nova Scotia: Findings and Lessons Learned by FoodNOW 2020 to 2022
Authors: Clarke Abigail , Mannette Jessica , Hamilton-Hinch Barb , Lynch Mary , Williams Patricia , Grant Shannan , Joy Phillip
Published: March 2023

Purpose: FoodNOW (Food to eNhance Our Wellness) engaged in assessment of simulated households that include a person living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nova Scotia to determine if a basic nutritious diet is affordable.

Methods: We used supermarket websites to cost food and beverage items listed in the National Nutritious Food Basket (NNFB) for simulated households, each with a PLWHA. Food costing methodologies were co-developed and adapted with community members in response to barriers presented by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: We found that simulated households, each with one PLWHA, that had a potential deficit after monthly expenses were a household of four on Income Assistance (−$1,058.70), a lone mother with two children on Income Assistance (−$973.65), a lone man on Income Assistance (−$677.40), and a household of four with one minimum-wage earner (−$383.45).

Conclusions: Nova Scotia households with a PLWHA living on Income Assistance or with a minimum-wage earner cannot reasonably afford a nutritious diet in addition to basic household expenses. Using these food costing data can allow dietitians to efficiently inform government action and policy change to improve the health and wellness of individuals and families.
Efektivitas pemanfaatan Zinnia elegans dalam pengendalian hama hayati dengan teknik refugia pada tanaman cabe rawit (Capsicum frustescens) di Kecamatan Wongsorejo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Aswan Mohammad Syaifudin , Nurmasari Fitri
Published: March 2023

Cabe atau cabai rawit adalah salah satu tanaman komoditas dengan nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi di daerah Sidowangi, Kecamatan Wongsorejo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Tanaman cabe rawit di Desa Sidowangi dibudidayakan di lahan persawahan dengan produktivitas baik dan pola pertanaman yang teratur berkala. Potensi dan nilai ekonomi cabe rawit yang relatif tinggi menyebabkan cabe rawit menjadi komoditas unggulan di kawasan Kecamatan Wongsorejo, selain jagung dan semangka. Pada kondisi ideal, produktivitas tanaman cabe stabil sepanjang tahun disertai dengan harga yang relatif stabil, meskipun terjadi fluktuasi di bulan-bulan tertentu. Namun keberadaan dan serangan hama pengganggu tanaman berpotensi menyebabkan penurunan produksi yang pada akhirnya akan mengganggu stabilitas persediaan serta kualitas cabe rawit di pasaran. Penanganan hama dengan menggunakan insektisida perlahan sudah mulai dikurangi mengingat efek yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan insektisida dalam jangka panjang. Karena itu dibutuhkan adanya metode dan teknik penanganan hama yang lebih eco friendly, murah dan mudah diaplikasikan di level petani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan tanaman Zinnia elegans sebagai pengendalian hayati dengan teknik refugia pada tanaman cabe rawit. Hasil pengamatan dan analisis data menunjukkan adanya tingkat keanekaragaman serangga yang signifikan pada pertanaman cabe dengan refugia dan pertanaman cabe tanpa refugia.
Pengaruh ZPT Alami dan Komposisi Media Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Puring (Codiaeum variegatum)
Authors: Tripama Bagus , Junaedi Ahmad Rizki , Murtiyaningsih Hidayah , Suroso Bejo , Arum Laras Sekar
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan stek tanaman puring pada beberapa zat pengatur tumbuh alami dan macam komposisi media. Rancangan yang digunakan RAK faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 kali ulangan meliputi : faktor pertama ZPT alami (T) yaitu T0 (tanpa ZPT), T1 (ekstrak daun kelor 30%), T2 (ekstrak taoge kacang hijau 60%), dan T3 (ekstrak bawang merah 75%), sedangkan faktor kedua komposisi media (M) terdiri dari M0 (tanah), M1 (tanah + arang sekam 1 : 1), M2 (tanah + cocopeat 1 : 1), M3 (tanah + kompos daun bambu 1 : 1). Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan T berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter persentase stek bertunas berakar, total persentase stek bertunas tak berakar, panjang tunas 4, 6 dan 8 mst, panjang akar, jumlah akar dan volume akar. Serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas 6 mst, sedangkan terhadap persentase stek hidup, persentase stek bertunas, dan jumlah tunas 4 dan 8 mst berpengaruh tidak nyata. Perlakuan M berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter persentase stek bertunas berakar dan tak berakar, jumlah akar, dan volume akar, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang tunas umur 4 mst, jumlah tunas 6 dan 8 mst dan panjang akar, sedangkan terhadap persentase stek hidup, persentase stek bertunas, panjang tunas 6 dan 8 mst, dan jumlah tunas 4 mst berpengaruh tidak nyata. Adapun interaksi antara T×M berbeda tidak nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan, kecuali persentase stek bertunas berakar dan tak berakar berbeda sangat nyata. Secara keseluruhan zat pengatur tumbuh alami ekstrak daun kelor (T1) dan komposisi media tanah + arang sekam (M1) menunjukkan yang terbaik
The current state of the problem of tick-borne encephalitis in Russia and the world
Authors: Kolyasnikova N. M. , Ishmukhametov A. A. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: March 2023

Relevance. Despite the successes achieved over the 85-year history of the study of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), there are still many controversial and unresolved issues. It is obvious that in the second decade of the XXI century, this natural focal neuroinfection, as before, poses a great threat to public health not only in Russia, but also in endemic countries of the world.Aim. To present modern aspects of etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, specific prevention of TBE in Russia and endemic countries of the world.Conclusions. Currently, there are 4 genotypes of the TBE virus: Far Eastern, European, Siberian and Baikal, each of which has its own area, pathogenic potential for humans. Nosoareal of TBE covers most of the territory of Russia, 29 European countries. Cases of TBE disease or viral activity are registered in six Asian countries. For the correct verification of the diagnosis, criteria for the diagnosis of cases of the disease have been developed, which mainly concern unvaccinated persons. Since highly effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of TBE have not yet been developed, the only strategy for reducing the incidence of TBE is mass vaccination of the population of endemic regions. Due to the increase in the rate of vaccination in Russia and European countries, in order to improve epidemiological surveillance of TBE, standards for specific laboratory diagnosis of the disease among vaccinated persons, clarification of the causes of the incidence of vaccinated, as well as deaths among them, need to be clarified. In conditions of combination of natural foci of TBE and other tick-borne infections, it is important to develop diagnostic algorithms, including differential diagnosis of this disease with other infections transmitted by Ixodic ticks.
Study of Humoral Immunity against Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 in Vaccinated Individuals with Vaccines Available in the Republic of Belarus (Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), RF and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), PRC)
Authors: Korsak K. S. , Stoma I. O. , Voropaev E. V. , Osipkina O. V. , Kovalev A. A.
Published: March 2023

Relevance. Many countries around the world are developing effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The measure of the effectiveness of the vaccination process has traditionally been antibody production. The frequency and intensity of adverse reactions is also an important factor in making a decision regarding a vaccine. This study presents the results of the evaluation of the formation of humoral immunity and the occurrence of reactions in response to the administration of Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), RF, and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), PRC. Aim. Analyze immunogenicity and reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines used in the Republic of Belarus (Sputnik V and Sinopharm). Materials and methods. Evaluation of postvaccination immune response by enzyme immunoassay and differential enzyme immunoassay for class G immunoglobulins to S- and N-proteins SARS-CoV-2. Blood plasma of the study participants was used as biological material. Blood sampling was performed 3 times: immediately before the first vaccine dose, on day 42, and 6 months after the first vaccine dose. To evaluate the frequency and intensity of postvaccination reactions, study participants were questioned. Results. At 42 days after administration of both vaccines, antibody levels are rising, with a significantly higher quantitative IgG count for the Sputnik V vaccine. This trend is also observed 6 months after the first dose of both vaccines, both among those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and those without a history of COVID-19. The comparison of Sputnik V and Sinopharm vaccine groups in terms of IgG (BAU/ml) levels to S- and N-proteins revealed a statistically significant difference in IgG levels to S-protein: the Sputnik V vaccine group had significantly higher IgG levels to S-protein than the Sinopharm vaccine group (p = 0.0000196). The incidence of adverse reactions in this study was 45%. All reactions noted were mild to moderate in severity. The most common were soreness and redness at the injection site, elevated body temperature, and a combination of several reactions. The increased body temperature after vaccination was more common among those vaccinated with the Sputnik V vaccine. Conclusion. Compared to Sinopharm, Sputnik V vaccine produces higher antibody level. Adverse reactions were observed in both vaccinated groups. However, significant statistical differences were found with regard to fever in the Sputnik V vaccine group, which occurred more frequently.
Trends in the Formation of Disability Due to Multiple sclerosis in Moscow in 2014-2021
Authors: Zapariy S. P. , Samusenko A. G. , Vyazovichenko Yu. E. , Svetlichnaya A. V. , Gerasimov A. N. , Torchinsky N. V.
Published: March 2023

Relevance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, affecting mainly people of working age and leading to disability. Since this disease is a frequent cause of persistent disability, the importance and at the same time insufficiency of research in the field of regional specific programs related to disability due to MS is noted. Aims. To study the dynamics and features of the formation of primary and repeated disability due to MS among various age groups of the population, taking into account gender characteristics and severity of disability in Moscow in 2014–2021. Materials and methods. The study used examination materials of persons over 18 years of age with MS, collected in an electronic database of medical and social expertise (ITU) of the Federal State Institution "ITU Main Bureau for Moscow", acts, protocols of ITU, static f-088/06 on the re-examination of RS. Results. The last 8 years have been characterized by a decrease in general disability due to MS, with a decrease in the number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time (VPI) and an increase in the number of persons re-recognized as disabled (PPI). There is a drop in the proportion of disabled people of the first and second disability groups with an increase in the third group. In the structure of VPI and PPI due to MS, persons of working age prevailed with a slight decrease in the group of PPI. The gender structure was dominated by female persons. Conclusion. The study of indicators of disability due to MS among various population groups in modern conditions is of great importance for monitoring the level of disability of patients and maintaining a socially active life of the patient.
Features of the epidemic process and epidemic risks of COVID-19 in the subjects of the Northern Caucasus
Authors: Makhova V. V. , Maletskaya O. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: March 2023

Relevance. The peculiarities of the course of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the regions of the world, as a rule, are determined by the epidemic risks characteristic of them. Identification and evaluation of the latter is necessary to improve measures to counter infection in a particular area. Aim. To study the features of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the regions of the North Caucasus, to identify and assess the impact of epidemic risk factors on the epidemic situation. Materials and methods. The data of the Departments of Rospotrebnadzor for the subjects of the North Caucasus, Internet resources: stopkoronavirus were used Russia, Johns Hopkins University and Our World in Data project. Statistical processing was carried out using methods of variation statistics and MS Excel software package (2016, USA). Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's coefficient. Results. As of 01.12.2021, the incidence of COVID-19 in the Caucasus was lower than the Russian average (3890.0 and 65921.8 per 100 thousand population), and the mortality rate was higher (4.8 and 1.9%, respectively). The dynamics of the epidemic process as a whole repeated the situation in the Russian Federation, but with a delay of each phase by 2–3 weeks and had 4 periods of rising morbidity (waves), with the exception of the Stavropol Territory, the Republics of Adygea and Ingushetia, where three waves of morbidity were observed. In the Republics of Dagestan, Chechen and Adygea, a high proportion of community-acquired pneumonia was noted - 58.8, 47.0 and 34.1%, respectively. The mortality rate from a new coronavirus infection was higher than the national average in Dagestan (in the period of the 1st wave – 4.7%), Krasnodar Krai (in the period of the 2nd wave – 5.0%; 3 – 12.6%, in 4 – 9.9%), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (in the 3rd period of the rise – 9.0%) and in Stavropol Krai (in 4 – 7.6%). The lowest mortality from COVID-19 in the 3rd and 4th periods of the rise in morbidity in the North Caucasus was registered in Ingushetia – 2.2 and 2.1%, respectively. The exceptional situation in the Republic of Dagestan is due not only to a large proportion of community acquired pneumonia and high mortality from COVID-19, compared with other regions of the North Caucasus and Russia as a whole, but also to an increase in excess mortality in the republic. The excess of the average annual (over the previous 5 years) number of deaths in the Caucasus in 2020 was +19.8%, in 2021 +32.7%, in the Russian Federation as a whole 14.8 and 31.4%, respectively. Conclusion. The general epidemic risks of COVID-19 for the North Caucasus region have been identified – the level of vaccination, the implementation of non–specific prevention measures, as well as local risks for specific regions: in Dagestan – adherence to local mass ceremonies, as well as insufficient control over the implementation of restrictive measures, in Ingushetia – relatively high population density.
Effect of fertilizers starter solutions on growth and production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: AL-MASHHADANY AHMED HASHIM , AL-MHARIB MOHAMMED ZEDAN KHALAF
Published: March 2023

The seedlings of vegetables are exposed to stress states, especially through the first period, due to injuring their roots by transplanting or heavy rain , so it is necessary to provide an available nutrient to recover the growth and increase their early yield, which means more income for farmers. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, University of Baghdad, Iraq to study the effect of different types and concentrations of mineral fertilizers as starter solutions by using high nitrogen (N), high phosphorus (P) and neutral fertilizers (Q) at three levels which were 4 g/l (S1), 8 g/l (S2) and 12 g/l (S3) on broccoli growth and yield. The results showed that the treatment of adding the starter solution of the neutral fertilizer with a concentration of 8 g/l (QS2 treatment) significantly enhanced the main head weight (631.9 g/plant), the plant yield (1050.6 g/plant) and the total yield (35.02 t/ha) traits, and gave good results for the indicators of quality characteristics of heads, where the percentage of soluble solids was 9.06 and the percentage of nitrogen and protein (3.72 and 23.25, respectively). Therefore, the addition of starter solution to the nitrogen fertilizer at a concentration of 8 g/l (NS2 treatment) enhanced the number and weight of lateral head which gave 7.28 lateral heads/plant and 420.9 g/plant, respectively.
La moralidad católica en la opinión pública y el pensamiento conservador en México durante los años moderados (1848–1853)
Authors:   Investigador independiente, Santillán Gustavo
Published: March 2023

This article analyzes the meaning of religious morality during the moderate period, between 1848 and 1853 – that is, from the end of the war with the United States to the end of the administration of Mariano Arista. The objective of this analysis is twofold: a) it aims to demonstrate the liveliness of public opinion during a period to which inertial stability, discouragement and fatigue are traditionally attributed; and b) it tries to measure the enormous relevance of Catholic virtue as part of the practical solutions to the Mexican disorders. This last objective is addressed within the underlying debate between the postulation of universal ethics – of profane utility and civil administration – and the vindication of Catholic virtue – of transcendent purpose and transversal relevance. For this purpose, written sources such as newspapers, brochures, books, and exhibitions of the time were consulted with the corresponding support of contemporary research. Finally, I offer a reflection on the conservative plurality around ethical issues.
Genetic sources of resistance bread winter wheat to leaf (brown) rust and their value in juvenile stage of growing
Authors:   Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute – National Center for Seed Breeding and Variety Research, Kirchuk Y. I. , Alieksieienko Y. V. ,   Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute – National Center for Seed Breeding and Variety Research
Published: March 2023

Actuality of the topic. With the growth of prices for fungicides, the ecological crisis of the biosphere, the absence of a wide range of donors, and with the constant variability of the pathogen, resistance of bread winter wheat plants is lost, therefore, it is important to search for new effective sources of resistance and involve them in breeding work for resistance to leaf rust. The purpose of the research is to compare genotypes of different ecological and geographical origin and to determine the best genetic sources of resistance to brown rust for their effective use in breeding. Methods. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions; Bread winter wheat samples were contaminated with leaf (brown) rust spores in the juvenile stage of growing. Research results. Among the four analyzed genetic sources of resistance of different ecological and geographical origins, the best were the representative genotypes from other breeding institutions of Ukraine. According to the average indicator of resistance, their average level of resistance was at the level of 6.5 points on a 9-point scale, and genotypes of Western European origin – 5.2 points, genotypes of selection from SGI–NCSS and CIMMYT-ICARDA - Turkey had the worst score – 4.6 and 3.4 points. Summary. The fact that bread winter wheat genotypes from other breeding institutions of Ukraine and Western European origin are the best can be explained by the formation of these genotypes in optimal conditions for the development of leaf (brown) rust, which served as a natural infectious background for selection for resistance to this trait. However, among genetic sources with low resistance, there are samples with increased resistance, which, in combination with other adaptive traits, can be successfully used in the selection of bread winter wheat for resistance to leaf (brown) rust for the south of Ukraine. Keywords: bread winter wheat, leaf (brown) rust, sources of resistance, genotypes-representatives, resistance
Modern Management of Livestock and Pastures in Nomadic Communities
Authors: Forabosco Flavio , Dondona Andrea Capobianco
Published: March 2023

For thousands of years, pastoralism was the primary economic resource of millions of people, and today it is one of the major activities in many rural communities. This case study uses Elin Ostrom's (2009) eight principles to analyse the impact of the Kyrgyz pasture law on nomadic communities and promote sustainable and equitable management of livestock and pastures. The results show that the pasture-user unions have contributed significantly to the good governance of common-pasture resources, the improvement of the condition of pasture users and the reduction of pasture degradation (0.75±0.09). However, the case study also reveals that there is a need to enhance the use of remote pastures, to improve rotation plans, to ameliorate the monitoring and assessment mechanism (0.65±0.10) and to increase animal health conditions. To further improve pastoral livelihoods, relevant authorities and institutional stakeholders should make increased efforts to ameliorate governance (0.55±0.11) and trust among pasture users, pasture-committee members, veterinarians and local and national institutions.
Acute Gastrointestinal radiation toxicities in pelvic radiation therapy; types, grade and frequency
Authors: Ali Rasheed Hadeel M. , Sabeeh Al-Rawaq Khudair J.
Published: March 2023

Background: quality of life of cancer survivors is adversely impacted by bowel toxicity; result from pelvic radiation therapy. In the UK, 12000 patients are treated with radiation therapy for pelvic cancer, mostly with curative intent; this carries a considerable risk for normal surrounding tissues side effects.Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the frequency, types and grade of acute gastrointestinal toxicity in radical pelvic radiation therapy in our patients so that a comparison could be made with the Western countries.Patients and Methods: a prospective analytic study was carried out in Radiotherapy department / Oncology teaching hospital / Medical city complex, from the 2nd of January to the 30th of April 2016. A total of 53 patients with histologically confirmed uterine, cervical, rectal, urinary bladder or prostatic cancer, treated by radical radiation therapy, were enrolled in the study. Patients were assessed for the frequency, types and grade of acute gastrointestinal toxicities according to grading criteria of CTC (Common Toxicities Criteria), at the start, during and at the end of the treatment. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20).Result: out of 53 patients, 60.37% (32) were female and 39.62% (21) were male. Endometrial cancers represent 30.18% of the cases, cervical cancers were 24.52%, and rectal cancers 11.32%, urinary bladder cancers 24.52% and prostatic cancers were 9.43% of the total cases. Diarrhea was present in 50.9% of the patients; nausea and vomiting were present in 22.6% for each. The majority had grade 1 toxicities and only 2 patients developed grade 3 diarrhea (4.7%).Conclusion: The type and incidence of acute gastrointestinal toxicities in pelvic radiation therapy were mostly related to; Radiation dose, a combined used of chemotherapy with radiation therapy and surgery.
Complication Following percutaneous coronary intervention via the femoral artery Experience in lraqi center for the Heart Disease and lbn Al-Bitar Hospital for cardiac surgery.
Authors: Majeed Salah M. , Bahjet Al Saffar Hilal , AL- Marayati Amal N.
Published: March 2023

Background: Vascular complications have been recognized as an important factor in morbidity after diagnostic and percutaneous coronary interventions.Objectives: This study sought to evaluate vascular complications after diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from the common femoral artery.Patients and methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out over a year period, from February 2008 till January 2009, at the Iraqi Center for the Heart Disease and Ibn Al-Bitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery. A total number of 2400 patients underwent 3600 procedures, diagnostic coronary angiography (2196) and PCI(1404) via their common femoral arteries were included in this study.Result: A total 407(11.3%) patients developed different vascular complications (retroperitoneal hematoma, loss of distal pulse, arterial perforation each of them 0.03%, bruises 8.9%, pseudoaneurysm 0.69%, AV fistula 0.03%, hematoma ≥10cm 0.3% and <10cm 1.2%). We identified multiple factors associated with increased frequency of vascular complications like age, gender and past medical history. We have more frequent minor complications and more attendance to treat our complications surgically.Conclusions: This study has shown that the vascular complications continue to occur post PCI and diagnostic coronary angiography.
The “Africa Rising”: An Exploratory Analysis with the Gross Domestic Product Data
Authors: Scalamonti Francesco
Published: March 2023

The race toward inclusive development has prompted the researchers to reconsider the drivers of economic growth in Africa in view of the term for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The study examined growth of the 54 African countries using the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) dynamic system estimators, which previous studies have confirmed to be suitable for growth analyses. The coefficients within the models remain stable even after controlling the effects of Sub-Saharan African countries and Lions ones.

As a data source, the main international organisations (UN, WB, IMF) have been used. The covered period is 2010-2019, where the data are more complete. We have used the real per-capita GDP as a dependent variable. The purpose of this research note is an exploration of the determinants of African growth after analysing the recent empirical literature.

Our findings show the significant variables are affecting African growth. A more developed institutional and business environment in African countries can to lead a long-run sustainable growth, but this depends on a sound governance.
Az európai védelem gazdasági megalapozása a 2021–2027-es uniós költségvetési ciklusban
Authors: Nyerges Tímea
Published: March 2023

2018. június 13-án az Európai Bizottság javaslatot tett az Európai Védelmi Alap (angol rövidítéssel: EDF) létrehozására, amely kerettervezetet az európai védelmi cselekvési terv (European Defence Action Plan, EDAP) részeként jelentettek be. A javaslattétel hátterében a tagállamok védelmi kiadásainak 2015. évi rekord alacsony szintje (a GDP 1,4%-ára csökkentek), valamint az egy évtizede tartó, évi 2 milliárd euróra becsült védelmi célú tagállami ráfordítások elmaradásának felismerése állt, annak tükrében, hogy mindeközben az Egyesült Államok, Kína és Oroszország ambiciózusan tovább fejlesztették védelmi képességeiket. 2017 júniusában elfogadták az EDF létrehozásának javaslatát,5 ezzel pedig előzmények nélküli, új programként megjelent a 2021–2027-es évekre szóló hosszú távú uniós költségvetésben. Az Európai Unió többéves pénzügyi keretére (angol rövidítéssel: MFF)6 tett végleges döntés elfogadásáig a tárgyalási javaslatok alapján arra lehet következtetni, hogy 13 milliárd EUR költségvetési és további 10,5 milliárd EUR költségvetésen kívüli7 kerettel fogják az új programot meghirdetni. Magyarország számára ez hozzávetőlegesen évi 123 millió EUR képességfejlesztésre8 és ezenfelül további kutatási célokra elnyerhető9 uniós forráshoz jutást jelent, amelyet haderő-korszerűsítésre, közvetve pedig hazánk geopolitikai helyzetének megerősítésére tud felhasználni.