bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning for Tactile Perception: Advancements, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Hu Zhixian , Lin Lan , Lin Waner , Xu Yingtian , Xia Xuan , Peng Zhengchun , Sun Zhenglong , Wang Ziya
Published: March 2023

The past decades have seen the rapid development of tactile sensors in material, fabrication, and mechanical structure design. The advancement of tactile sensors has heightened the expectation of sensor functions, and thus put forward a higher demand for data processing. However, conventional analysis techniques have not kept pace with the tactile sensor development and still suffer from some severe drawbacks, like cumbersome models, poor efficiency, and expensive costs. Machine learning, with its prominent ability for big data analysis and fast processing speed, can offer many possibilities for tactile data analysis. Herein, the machine learning techniques employed for processing tactile signals are reviewed. Supervised learning and unsupervised learning for analog signals are covered, and processing spike signals with machine learning are summarized. Furthermore, the applications in robotic tactile perception and human activity monitoring are presented. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in sensors, data, algorithms, and benchmarks are discussed.
Avian‐Inspired Perching Mechanism for Jumping Robots
Authors: Kim HyunGyu , Woodward Matthew A. , Sitti Metin
Published: March 2023

The integration of multiple locomotion strategies and behaviors allows robots to extend the working environment and enhance the performance of each motion. This work integrates perching to a jumping robot to improve the jumping performance. The developed avian‐inspired perching device has a shock‐absorbing mechanism, which consist of a 3D printable flexible polymer material that absorbs the perching impact. This work characterizes the shock‐absorbing performance of the viscoelastic material as a function of hardness and thickness of the material, initial angles of a mechanism, mechanism length, perching speed, and perching angle. This work also characterizes the performance of mechanical interlocking and penetration as the engagement strategies for vertical surfaces. The performance of perching mechanism as a function of hardness of the target surface, contact angle of the claw, and performance of the shock absorption is observed. Finally, demonstrations to evaluate the perching mechanism's performance on the complete system are conducted, and the robot's performance enhancement with an integrated perching motion is shown. This work provides a design methodology to develop and integrate a perching mechanism into jumping robots.
High‐depth next‐generation sequencing panel testing in the evaluation of arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Hernandez Patricia V. , King Katherine A. , Evenson Michael J. , Corliss Meagan M. , Schroeder Molly C. , Heusel Jonathan W. , Neidich Julie A. , Cao Yang
Published: March 2023

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular lesions in which an overgrowth of blood vessels of varying sizes develops with one or more direct connections between the arterial and venous circulation. We performed a retrospective review of a cohort of 54 patients with AVMs referred to our clinical genomic laboratory for high‐depth next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel of Disorders of Somatic Mosaicism (DoSM). Thirty‐seven of 54 patients were female (68.5%). Among the 54 cases, 37 (68.5%) cases had pathogenic and/or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants identified, two cases (3.7%) had variants of uncertain clinical significance, and the remaining 15 cases (27.8%) had negative results. MAP2K1 variants were found in 12 cases, followed by eight cases with KRAS variants and seven with TEK variants, and the remainder being identified in several other genes on the panel. Among the 37 positive cases, 32 cases had somatic alterations only; the remaining five cases had at least one germline P/LP variant, including four cases with PTEN and one with RASA1. Of note, two cases had the unexpected co‐existence of two P/LP variants. In summary, this study illustrated the molecular diagnostic yield (68.5%) of this cohort of patients with a clinical indication of AVMs by our high‐depth DoSM NGS panel.
Construction of Bis‐Indole Derivatives Using α‐Amylase Enzyme: Application in the Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Bis‐Indole Containing Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Kamboj Priya , Tyagi Vikas
Published: March 2023

Herein, we have developed a biocatalytic approach toward the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane using an α‐amylase in water. This protocol has a number of advantages like eco‐friendly reaction conditions, use of biodegradable catalyst, and higher conversion. Moreover, the generality of this protocol was displayed by employing various substitutions on indole and benzaldehyde which provides the corresponding products in very good yield (63–89%). Also, the applicability of this protocol was shown by synthesizing four different bioactive molecules on a gram scale.
Dots on a screen: The past, present, and future of morphometrics in the study of nonavian dinosaurs
Authors: Hedrick Brandon P.
Published: March 2023

Using morphometrics to study nonavian dinosaur fossils is a practice that predates the origin of the word “dinosaur.” By the 1970s, linear morphometrics had become established as a valuable tool for analyzing intra‐ and interspecific variation in nonavian dinosaurs. With the advent of more recent techniques such as geometric morphometrics and more advanced statistical approaches, morphometric analyses of nonavian dinosaurs have proliferated, granting unprecedented insight into many aspects of their biology and evolution. I outline the past, present, and future of morphometrics as applied to the study of nonavian dinosaurs zeroing in on five aspects of nonavian dinosaur paleobiology where morphometrics has been widely utilized to advance our knowledge: systematics, sexual dimorphism, locomotion, macroevolution, and trackways. Morphometric methods are especially susceptible to taphonomic distortion. As such, the impact of taphonomic distortion on original fossil shape is discussed as are current and future methods for quantifying and accounting for distortion with the goal of reducing the taphonomic noise to biological signal ratio. Finally, the future of morphometrics in nonavian dinosaur paleobiology is discussed as paleobiologists move into a “virtual paleobiology” framework, whereby digital renditions of fossils are captured via methods such as photogrammetry and computed tomography. These primary data form the basis for three‐dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analyses along with a slew of other forms of analyses. These 3D specimen data form part of the extended specimen and help to democratize paleobiology, unlocking the specimen from the physical museum and making the specimen available to researchers across the world.
An examination of stimulus technology level and preference displacement during multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessments
Authors: Hoffmann Audrey N. , Paskins Ryan T. , Brady‐Ruehs Anna M. , Sellers Tyra P.
Published: March 2023

Researchers have observed that preference for edible items may displace preference for leisure items when items from the stimulus classes are assessed together within multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessments. The current study extends previous research by examining patterns of preference and displacement when assessing preference for high‐tech and low‐tech leisure items. We conducted three separate MSWO preference assessments; one assessing low‐tech items, another assessing high‐tech items, and a combined assessment (using the top four high‐ and low‐tech items from the previous assessments) to test for displacement. Preference for high‐tech items fully or partially displaced preference for low‐tech items in five of eight participants. We then conducted concurrent and single operant reinforcer assessments using the highly preferred high‐tech and low‐tech items. Reinforcer assessment results demonstrated similar levels of responding for the highest preferred high‐tech and low‐tech items, indicating that combining high‐ and low‐tech items within preference assessments may influence the validity of results.
Lower 24‐h urinary potassium excretion is associated with higher prevalent depression and anxiety status in general population
Authors: Wu Zihao , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Hu Junli , Lin Mengyue , Gan Lin , Li Mei , Yang Wenbo , Yao Ling , Hong Jing , Sun Le , Li Jing , Li Wei , Li Nanfang
Published: March 2023

Background

Uncertainty remains about the association of potassium (K) intake with depression and anxiety status. We explored their relationship using 24‐h urinary K, reflecting K intake, in general population.

Methods

We collected 24‐h urine and performed self‐rating depression and anxiety scales (SDS, SAS) cross‐sectionally in adults selected by random sampling in China. SDS and SAS standard score ≥50 defined depression and anxiety status. Participants were divided into three groups (T1, T2, and T3) by 24‐h urinary K tertile. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding anti‐hypertensive agent takers.

Results

546 participants comprised current analytical sample. First, T1 and T2 groups showed higher SDS scores (40.0 vs 40.0 vs 36.0, p = .001), prevalence (19.8 vs 15.9 vs 7.1%, p = .002), whereas increased adjusted odds for depression status only in T1 group (OR = 2.71, p = .017), compared with T3 group. Second, T1 and T2 groups showed higher SAS scores (38.0 vs 40 vs 35.0, p < .001) and prevalence (14.8 vs 21.4 vs 8.8%, p = .003), whereas increased adjusted odds for anxiety status only in T2 group (OR = 2.07, p = .042), compared with T3 groups. Third, T1 and T2 groups showed higher prevalence (10.4% vs 11.5% vs 2.7%, p = .004) and adjusted odds (OR = 3.71, p = .013; OR = 3.66, p = .014) for co‐existent anxiety and depression status, compared with T3 group. Most results remained consistent in sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

Lower K intake is implicated in presence of anxiety and depression status in general population; this may provide basis for programs to increase K intake and prevent disease.
Causes of death in endometrial cancer survivors: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result–based analysis
Authors: Xue Qing , Che Wenqiang , Xue Lujiadai , Zhang Xian , Wang Xiaoyu , Lyu Jun
Published: March 2023

Background

Increasing attention has been paid to the survival of endometrial cancer (EC) patients, but the non‐cancer causes of death from EC are rarely reported. This study primarily aimed to investigate the non‐cancer causes of death in patients with EC.

Methods

The study collected relevant data, including age, tumour stage and treatment mode, on patients diagnosed with endometrial malignancies from 2000 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Programme. We analysed the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) to determine the cause of death.

Results

The study included 135,831 patients with EC. During the follow‐up, 46,604 (34.3%) patients died, of whom 42.9%, 15.6% and 41.5% died of EC, other cancers and non‐cancer causes, respectively. As the diagnosis time increased, the number of EC‐associated mortalities gradually decreased. The most common non‐cancer causes of death were heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes. Regarding the general population of the United States, patients with EC died of heart disease (SMR: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.09), diabetes (SMR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.47–1.65) and septicaemia (SMR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.28–1.52), which were statistically significant.

Conclusions

For patients with EC, the number of deaths from non‐cancer causes (mainly heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus) is equivalent to that of EC. In addition, compared with the general population, EC survivors have a higher risk of death from sepsis and diabetes. These discoveries support how survivors can avoid future‐related health risks. By doing this, clinicians can improve the quality of life and chances of the survival of patients with EC.
A novel prognostic model based on ferritin and nomogram‐revised risk index could better stratify patients with extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Xindi , Liang Yuanzheng , Shen Ziyuan , Wei Liqiang , Yang Jing , Piao Yingshi , Sang Wei , Li Pengfei , Wang Liang
Published: March 2023

Background

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an aggressive lymphoma with marked heterogeneity, resulting in a distinct prognosis even in patients with the same disease stage. The nomogram‐revised risk index (NRI) has been proposed to stratify patients with ENKTCL. Numerous reports have revealed the prognostic role of serum ferritin in various cancers.

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the role of NRI in our single cohort of patients with ENKTCL treated uniformly, explore the prognostic value of ferritin, and establish a new prognostic model to better stratify patients with ENKTCL.

Methods

We included 326 patients with ENKTCL with detailed data regarding clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. All patients were treated with asparaginase‐based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Multiple R packages were used to analyze the prognostic factors and derive a novel prognostic model.

Results

In the training cohort comprising 236 patients with ENKTCL, NRI significantly correlated with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (p < 0.0001). Using a ferritin level of 400 μg/L as the cutoff value, patients with high ferritin levels had significantly inferior PFS (p = 0.00028). Integrating the NRI score and four easily accessible clinical parameters, namely ferritin, hemoglobin, albumin, and D‐dimer, a new prognostic model was constructed, stratifying patients with ENKTCL into three risk groups. This new prognostic model was independent of disease stage and NRI and performed better than NRI. Furthermore, this model helped to stratify patients within the same NRI risk groups. Finally, the role of this novel prognostic model was validated in the external validation cohort comprising 90 patients with ENKTCL.

Conclusions

Serum ferritin level could be a novel prognostic factor in patients with ENKTCL. The new prognostic model combining NRI and clinical parameters could better predict the prognosis of ENKTCL, thereby warranting further validation and potentially guiding individualized treatment in future prospective clinical trials.
Multiple hydatid cyst disease revealed by an expansive intracranial process: A case report
Authors: Nechi Salwa , Gharbi Ghada , Douggaz Amel , Belfekih Houda , Chaabane Abir , Mfarrej Mohamed Karim , Chelbi Emna
Published: March 2023

Hydatid disease is a real public health problem in developing countries. Cerebral localization is rare; it does not exceed 2%. It is more frequent in children and adolescents. It is often primary in children. In adults, it is less frequent and generally associated with other localizations. We report the case of a 60‐year‐old Tunisian patient with pulmonary, hepatic and cerebral hydatid cyst, revealed by neurological symptoms with an expansive intracranial process on brain imaging.
Extensive right‐sided endocarditis in double‐chamber right ventricle presented with leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Authors: Nakhaee Akram , Koohsari Parisa , Rahmanian Mehrzad , Sardari Akram , Parkhideh Roya , Larti Farnoosh
Published: March 2023

Congenital heart disease is a risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE). Ventricular septal defects and ventricular outflow tract obstructions are this population's most common causes of endocarditis. We present a patient diagnosed with leukocytoclastic vasculitis, renal, and pulmonary involvement with right‐sided IE as an etiology for vasculitis.
Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Dual Delayed‐Release Formulation of Esomeprazole in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Hwang Sejung , Hong Sung Hee , Jung Jina , Chung Jae‐Yong , Jang In‐Jin , Lee SeungHwan
Published: March 2023

A novel dual delayed‐release formulation (DR) of esomeprazole was developed to prolong the effect of esomeprazole inhibiting gastric acid secretion. This study investigated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of DR esomeprazole. A randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study was conducted in healthy Korean subjects. Subjects were orally administered a single dose of 40‐ mg DR esomeprazole in fasted and fed states in each period. PK and PD characteristics evaluated through continuous 24‐hour intragastric pH monitoring in fasted and fed states were compared between the 2 conditions. A total of 23 subjects completed the study and were included in the PK analysis. PD analysis was conducted in 21 subjects, excluding 2 subjects, because of inappropriate pH profiles. The systemic exposure of esomeprazole after a single dose of DR esomeprazole in the fed state decreased compared to that in the fasted state. However, the percentage decrease from baseline in integrated gastric acidity and the percentage of time at pH ≥4 were not significantly different between the 2 conditions. In conclusion, although the systemic exposure of esomeprazole decreased when DR esomeprazole was administered in the fed state compared to that in the fasted state, the degree of gastric acid secretion inhibition was not clinically different, regardless of food intake.
Use of geolocators for investigating breeding ecology of a rock crevice‐nesting seabird: Method validation and impact assessment
Authors: Grissot Antoine , Borrel Clara , Devogel Marion , Altmeyer Lauraleen , Johansen Malin Kjellstadli , Strøm Hallvard , Wojczulanis‐Jakubas Katarzyna
Published: March 2023

Investigating ecology of marine animals imposes a continuous challenge due to their temporal and/or spatial unavailability. Light‐based geolocators (GLS) are animal‐borne devices that provide relatively cheap and efficient method to track seabird movement and are commonly used to study migration. Here, we explore the potential of GLS data to establish individual behavior during the breeding period in a rock crevice‐nesting seabird, the Little Auk, Alle alle. By deploying GLS on 12 breeding pairs, we developed a methodological workflow to extract birds' behavior from GLS data (nest attendance, colony attendance, and foraging activity), and validated its accuracy using behavior extracted from a well‐established method based on video recordings. We also compared breeding outcome, as well as behavioral patterns of logged individuals with a control group treated similarly in all aspects except for the deployment of a logger, to assess short‐term logger effects on fitness and behavior. We found a high accuracy of GLS‐established behavioral patterns, especially during the incubation and early chick rearing period (when birds spend relatively long time in the nest). We observed no apparent effect of logger deployment on breeding outcome of logged pairs, but recorded some behavioral changes in logged individuals (longer incubation bouts and shorter foraging trips). Our study provides a useful framework for establishing behavioral patterns (nest attendance and foraging) of a crevice‐nesting seabird from GLS data (light and conductivity), especially during incubation and early chick rearing period. Given that GLS deployment does not seem to affect the breeding outcome of logged individuals but does affect fine‐scale behavior, our framework is likely to be applicable to a variety of crevice/burrow nesting seabirds, even though precautions should be taken to reduce deployment effect. Finally, because each species may have its own behavioral and ecological specificity, we recommend performing a pilot study before implementing the method in a new study system.
The rise of animal biotelemetry and genetics research data integration
Authors: Müller Mara F. , Banks Sam C. , Crewe Tara L. , Campbell Hamish A.
Published: March 2023

The advancement and availability of innovative animal biotelemetry and genomic technologies are improving our understanding of how the movements of individuals influence gene flow within and between populations and ultimately drive evolutionary and ecological processes. There is a growing body of work that is integrating what were once disparate fields of biology, and here, we reviewed the published literature up until January 2023 (139 papers) to better understand the drivers of this research and how it is improving our knowledge of animal biology. The review showed that the predominant drivers for this research were as follows: (1) understanding how individual‐based movements affect animal populations, (2) analyzing the relationship between genetic relatedness and social structuring, and (3) studying how the landscape affects the flow of genes, and how this is impacted by environmental change. However, there was a divergence between taxa as to the most prevalent research aim and the methodologies applied. We also found that after 2010 there was an increase in studies that integrated the two data types using innovative statistical techniques instead of analyzing the data independently using traditional statistics from the respective fields. This new approach greatly improved our understanding of the link between the individual, the population, and the environment and is being used to better conserve and manage species. We discuss the challenges and limitations, as well as the potential for growth and diversification of this research approach. The paper provides a guide for researchers who wish to consider applying these disparate disciplines and advance the field.
Fly iDNA suggests strict reliance of the causative agent of sylvatic anthrax on rainforest ecosystems
Authors: Jahan Mueena , Lagostina Lorenzo , Gräßle Tobias , Couacy‐Hymann Emmanuel , Kouadio Leonce , Kouakou Valère K. , Krou Hermann A. , Mossoun Arsène M. , Patrono Livia V. , Pléh Kamilla , Steiner Jonas A. , Yves Noma , Leendertz Fabian H. , Calvignac‐Spencer Sébastien , Gogarten Jan F.
Published: March 2023

Metabarcoding of invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) is increasingly used to describe vertebrate diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. Fly iDNA has also shown potential as a tool for detecting pathogens. Combining these approaches makes fly iDNA a promising tool for understanding the ecology and distribution of novel pathogens or emerging infectious diseases. Here, we use fly iDNA to explore the geographic distribution of Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) along a gradient from the forest within Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, out to surrounding villages. We tested fly pools (N = 100 pools of 5 flies) collected in the forest (N = 25 pools), along the forest edge (N = 50 pools), and near surrounding villages (N = 25 pools) for Bcbva. Using the same iDNA, we sought to reconstruct fly and mammal communities with metabarcoding, with the aim of investigating potential links with Bcbva detection. We detected Bcbva in 5/100 fly pools and positivity varied significantly across the habitat types (forest = 4/25, edge = 1/50, village = 0/25). It was possible to culture Bcbva from all positive fly pools, confirming their positivity, while sequencing of their whole genomes revealed a considerable portion of known genomic diversity for this pathogen. iDNA generated data about the mammal and fly communities in these habitats, revealing the highest mammal diversity in the forest and considerable changes in fly community composition along the gradient. Bcbva host range estimates from fly iDNA were largely identical to the results of long‐term carcass monitoring efforts in the region. We show that fly iDNA can generate data on the geographic distribution and host range of a pathogen at kilometer scales, as well as reveal the pathogen's phylogenetic diversity. Our results highlight the power of fly iDNA for mammal biomonitoring and pathogen surveillance.
Classification of cassava leaf diseases using deep Gaussian transfer learning model
Authors: Emmanuel Ahishakiye , Mwangi Ronald Waweru , Murithi Petronilla , Fredrick Kanobe , Danison Taremwa
Published: March 2023

In Sub‐Saharan Africa, experts visually examine the plants and look for disease symptoms on the leaves to diagnose cassava diseases, a subjective method. Machine learning algorithms have been employed to quickly identify and classify crop diseases. In this study, we propose a model that integrates a transfer learning approach with a deep Gaussian convolutional neural network model. In this study, two pre‐trained transfer learning models were used, that is, MobileNet V2 and VGG16, together with three different kernels: a hybrid kernel (a product of a squared exponential kernel and a rational quadratic kernel), a squared exponential kernel, and a rational quadratic kernel. In experiments using MobileNet V2 and the three kernels, the hybrid kernel performed better, with an accuracy of 90.11%, compared to 86.03% and 85.14% for the squared exponential kernel and a rational quadratic kernel, respectively. Additionally, experiments using VGG16 and the three kernels showed that the hybrid kernel performed better, with an accuracy of 88.63%, compared to the squared exponential kernel's accuracy of 84.62% and the rational quadratic kernel's accuracy of 83.95%, respectively. All the experiments were done using a traditional computer with no access to GPU and this was the major limitation of the study.
Simulation on a new reverse circulation fishing tool: Design and evaluation of the salvage capacity and efficiency
Authors: Li Yumei , Si Na , Zhang Tao , Liu Ming , Yu Liwei , Zheng Yiming
Published: March 2023

To solve the insufficient energy for reverse circulation fishing tools in complex structure wells, it is necessary to further optimize the design of the tools to improve the impurity salvage efficiency. In this work, a three‐dimensional (3D) flow field simulation model of reverse circulation fishing tool with venturi negative pressure is employed to identify the vortex zone of circulation channel and to investigate the negative pressure and jet velocity distribution around the spray nozzle based on the ANSYS‐CFX. The effects of the spray angle, diameter of the suction nozzle, and the nonstructural parameters on negative pressure and jet velocity are investigated through sensitivity analysis. As revealed from the results, there may be an optimum value for the spray angle, and the nozzle jet direction can indeed affect the propagation and attenuation of the bottom hole flow field greatly. The combination of the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet and that of the nozzle inlet (Φ + Φ′ = 3 mm + 6 mm) is the best design solution when the negative pressure at the nozzle outlet can be the highest. The negative pressure and jet velocity increase with the increasement of the inlet flow rate. The comparative analysis of different bottom hole impurity mass in the cases of the borehole inner diameter 5′ and 8.5″ on the salvage efficiency are conducted numerically. It is observed that the impurity mass salvaged and salvage time are not directly related to its total amount, but only related to the flow rate of the sucked fluid flow. The impurity salvage efficiency can be as high as 95.4%, which meets the engineering requirements in the field. This work improves the working performance of the reverse circulation fishing tool and provides theoretical guidance for well washing.
Empirical approach for developing production environment soil health goals, New York, USA
Authors: Amsili Joseph , Es Harold van , Aller Deborah , Schindelbeck Robert
Published: March 2023

Defining quantitative soil health goals can support efforts to improve
soil quality and meet broader ecosystem services goals, while
simultaneously helping field-level benchmarking of soil health on farms.
But soil health metrics in agricultural systems require edaphic context,
notably climate, soil type (soil texture and classification), as well as
cropping system. Soil samples (n=1,328) from New York State (USA) with
Land Resource Regions (LRR), texture, and cropping system information
were analyzed for eight physical and biological soil health indicators
(soil organic matter, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, respiration,
protein, available water capacity, wet aggregate stability, and
penetration resistance from 0-15 and 15-45 cm), and population
distribution functions were determined. Production environment soil
health (PESH) goals were derived for four soil texture groups and six
cropping systems by proposing the 75 and
90 percentile for each factorial class.
Finer-textured soils and Pasture and Mixed Vegetable cropping systems
generally had the highest values for soil health goals, followed by
Dairy Crop and Orchard systems, then Annual Grain, and lastly Processing
Vegetable systems. Long Island (LRR-S) had soil organic matter PESH
goals that were on average 0.7 % lower than the rest of New York State
(LRRs-L&R). This implies that regional PESH goals within a state or
region may be warranted if edaphic context is considerably different.
Repercussion of effect of different drive cycles on evaluation of electrical consumption for electric four‐wheeler to achieve optimal performance of electric vehicle
Authors: Suryavanshi Shweta S. , Ghanegaonkar Pravin M.
Published: March 2023

Electric vehicle (EV) is at borne stage and facing lot of challenges at design and development stage. The performance of EV is solely depending on distance travelled by vehicle means range of vehicle and electrical consumed by the vehicle. These two performance parameters affects on sizing of EV component. The electric motor and electric battery are power and electrical source of the vehicle. For sizing, this component electrical consumption (EC) per kilometer (km) plays major role. The correct estimation of EC per km is very much necessary at the design stage for sizing of components. Drive cycles play major role for accurate estimation of EC per km. Many drive cycles (Indian drive cycle [IDC], modified Indian drive cycle [MIDC], urban drive cycle [UDC], worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure [WLTP], new European drive cycle [NEDC], and Artemis drive cycle) are currently used by many countries to predict the performance of vehicle. Various standard cycles are studies the effect of drive cycle on energy consumption of an electric four‐wheeler through analytical methods which results the optimal performance of vehicle. Current study investigates the analytical approach for accurate prediction of energy consumption per km to enhance the range of EV, which is major concern of EV buyers. Present work compares the range and electric consumption of electric four‐wheeler by using NEDC, highway fuel economy test cycle (HWFET), UDC, WLTP, and MIDC drive cycle. The range obtained from NEDC, HWFET, UDC, WLTP, and MIDC drive cycles are 114.20, 115.18, 78.16, 103.33, and 93.73 km, respectively. HWFET drive cycle provides higher than other drive cycle due to better road condition. Urban drive cycle provides low range of 64 km because of road condition.
Tracking tumor heterogeneity and progression with near‐infrared II fluorophores
Authors: Xin Qi , Ma Huizhen , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Dong
Published: March 2023

Heterogeneous cells are the main feature of tumors with unique genetic and phenotypic characteristics, which can stimulate differentially the progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Importantly, heterogeneity is pervasive in human malignant tumors, and identification of the degree of tumor heterogeneity in individual tumors and progression is a critical task for tumor treatment. However, current medical tests cannot meet these needs; in particular, the need for noninvasive visualization of single‐cell heterogeneity. Near‐infrared II (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) imaging exhibits an exciting prospect for non‐invasive monitoring due to the high temporal‐spatial resolution. More importantly, NIR‐II imaging displays more extended tissue penetration depths and reduced tissue backgrounds because of the significantly lower photon scattering and tissue autofluorescence than traditional the near‐infrared I (NIR‐I) imaging. In this review, we summarize systematically the advances made in NIR‐II in tumor imaging, especially in the detection of tumor heterogeneity and progression as well as in tumor treatment. As a non‐invasive visual inspection modality, NIR‐II imaging shows promising prospects for understanding the differences in tumor heterogeneity and progression and is envisioned to have the potential to be used clinically.
Preparing for future pandemics: A multi‐national comparison of health and economic trade‐offs
Authors: Lancsar Emily , Huynh Elisabeth , Swait Joffre , Breunig Robert , Mitton Craig , Kirk Martyn , Donaldson Cam
Published: March 2023

Government investment in preparing for pandemics has never been more relevant. The COVID‐19 pandemic has stimulated debate regarding the trade‐offs societies are prepared to make between health and economic activity. What is not known is: (1) how much the public in different countries are prepared to pay in forgone GDP to avoid mortality from future pandemics; and (2) which health and economic policies the public in different countries want their government to invest in to prepare for and respond to the next pandemic. Using a future‐focused, multi‐national discrete choice experiment, we quantify these trade‐offs and find that the tax‐paying public is prepared to pay $3.92 million USD (Canada), $4.39 million USD (UK), $5.57 million USD (US) and $7.19 million USD (Australia) in forgone GDP per death avoided in the next pandemic. We find the health policies that taxpayers want to invest in before the next pandemic and the economic policies they want activated once the next pandemic hits are relatively consistent across the countries, with some exceptions. Such results can inform economic policy responses and government investment in health policies to reduce the adverse impacts of the next pandemic.
Outcomes for the apparent life‐threatening event infant
Authors: Dick Anne
Published: March 2023

Aim

To examine the outcome for apparent life‐threatening event infants and the determining factors for that outcome.

Methods

A retrospective review of 903 infants (0–12 months of age) presenting to the pediatric wards at Christchurch Hospital between 1985 and 1996 with events characterized by some combination of apnoea, change in color, and muscle tone. Events, resulting in 1088 admissions, were classified from medical record review according to the severity and underlying conditions, with risk factors and long‐term outcomes examined.

Results

The severity of events was reduced with implementing sudden infant death syndrome recommendations regarding the risk of prone sleeping. There were no sudden infant death syndrome deaths on home apnoea monitoring. Five apparent life‐threatening event infants, not referred for home apnoea monitoring, subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome. Two infants died and one suffered significant hypoxic insult when apnoea monitoring was interrupted under the age of 4 months. Asthma and neurodevelopmental conditions appeared to be over‐represented subsequently in the apparent life‐threatening event group.

Conclusion

Identifying apparent life‐threatening event infants at risk of sudden infant death syndrome lacked specificity. The use of apnoea home monitoring appeared protective in this cohort, but safe sleeping practices remained central for reducing sudden infant death syndrome risk.
Heat transfer of MHD flow over a wedge with a surface of mutable temperature
Authors: MFarsi  , Moghimi Seyed Morteza
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the thermal distribution and heat transfer in the boundary layer of a wedge with a variable surface temperature in the presence of a magnetic field. To achieve this, we first used similarity solutions to transform the governing equations of magnetohydrodynamic flow for variable surface temperature conditions into ordinary differential equations. We then solved the resulting equations using the collocation method (CM) with different intensity magnetic fields and varying Hartmann (Ha) numbers and surface temperatures. The CM was further modified by incorporating boundary conditions. The results obtained from the solved equations were validated and compared with those obtained using the numerical Runge–Kutta fourth‐order method and previous literature. Finally, we investigated the impact of various parameters on the friction coefficient (Cf) and Nusselt number (Nu), including the power of variable surface temperature (n), Prandtl (Pr) number, Eckert (Ec) number, the half angle of the wedge (φ), and Ha number. We considered values for these parameters within the ranges 0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1.5, 0.5 ≤ Pr ≤ 5, 0.001 ≤ Ec ≤ 0.002, 15° ≤ φ ≤ 60°, and 0 ≤ Ha ≤ 3. Our findings indicate that the slope of the boundary layer increases with increasing Ha or φ, resulting in an increase in Cf on the surface by up to 526%. The Nu number, calculated using the energy equation, increases up to 91.7%, 39.8%, and 1.43% with increasing Ha, n, and Ec, respectively, resulting in faster growth of the thermal boundary layer, which causes the thickness to decrease and the Nu number to rise. However, as φ increases, the Nu number drops on the surface, and the heat transfer behavior remains similar to that observed previously.
Development of machine learning models based on molecular fingerprints for selection of small molecule inhibitors against JAK2 protein
Authors: Belenahalli Shekarappa Sharath , Kandagalla Shivananda , Lee Julian
Published: March 2023

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for many inflammatory diseases such as myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), cancer and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we have collected experimental data of JAK2 protein containing 6021 unique inhibitors. We then characterized them based on Morgan (ECFP6) fingerprints followed by clustering into training and test set based on their molecular scaffolds. These data were used to build the classification models with various supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms that could prioritize novel inhibitors for future drug development against JAK2 protein. The best model built by Random Forest (RF) and Morgan fingerprints achieved the G‐mean value of 0.84 on the external test set. As an application of our classification model, virtual screening was performed against Drugbank molecules in order to identify the potential inhibitors based on the confidence score by RF model. Nine potential molecules were identified, which were further subject to molecular docking studies to evaluate the virtual screening results of the best RF model. This proposed method can prove useful for developing novel target‐specific JAK2 inhibitors.
Uncovering the NAFLD burden in people living with HIV from high‐ and middle‐income nations: a meta‐analysis with a data gap from Subsaharan Africa
Authors: Manzano‐Nunez Ramiro , Rivera‐Esteban Jesús , Navarro Jordi , Bañares Juan , Sena Elena , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Curran Adria , Pericàs Juan M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a significant concern among people living with HIV (PLHIV), albeit its burden remains unclear. The primary objective of this systematic review (SR) and meta‐analysis (MA) was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD and significant fibrosis in PLHIV. The secondary objective was to determine the risk factors for NAFLD among PLHIV.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE and Scopus from inception to 30 December 2022 for peer‐reviewed studies that included PLHIV and reported the prevalence of NAFLD. MA of proportions was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of NAFLD and significant fibrosis. MA of pre‐calculated effect estimates examined risk factors for NAFLD in PLHIV.

Results

We included 24 articles published between 2009 and 2022, encompassing 6326 PLHIV. The pooled prevalence of NAFLD was 38% (95% CI: 31–45%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 96.3%). The pooled prevalence of significant fibrosis was 13% (95% CI: 8–18%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.09%). Subgroup analyses showed a NAFLD prevalence of 40% (95% CI: 24–57%) in the United States, 33% (95% CI: 31–36) in Asia, 42% (95% CI: 24–61%) in Europe and 33% (95% CI: 29–37) in South America. When stratifying by income level, NAFLD was 39% (95% CI: 31–48) prevalent in PLHIV from high‐income economies and 34% in both upper‐middle‐income (95% CI: 31–37%) and lower‐middle‐income economies (95% CI: 28–41%). Higher body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13–1.55; I2 = 89.9%), increasing triglycerides (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.22–2.79; I2 = 27.2%) and dyslipidaemia (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.32–2.71; I2 = 15.5%) were all associated with higher risk‐adjusted odds of NAFLD in PLHIV.

Discussion

The burden of NAFLD and significant fibrosis in PLHIV is significant. Therefore, targeted efforts to screen and diagnose NAFLD in this population are needed. Health services for PLHIV could include ways to target NAFLD risk factors, screen for liver disease and implement interventions to treat those with significant fibrosis or more advanced stages of liver disease. Taking no action to address NAFLD in PLHIV should not be an option.

Conclusions

This SR and MA found a 38% NAFLD and 13% significant fibrosis prevalence in PLHIV. Increasing triglyceride levels, higher BMI values and dyslipidaemia were associated with higher risk‐adjusted odds of NAFLD among PLHIV.
Iron overload facilitates neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage via SLC7A11‐mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Tan Xuying , Zhang Ting , Ding Xuejiao , Zhao Xiaopeng , Liu Qianjun , Xia Zhenglong , Cao Qihua , Yan Feng , Chen Li , Zhu Mingwei , Tang Yaping , Song Yanyan
Published: March 2023

Oxidative damage and cell death are involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Ferroptosis is a newly identified mode of cell death that results from the oxidative damage induced by excessive iron. In HIBD, iron accumulates in brain tissues due to the massive destruction of red blood cells and increased permeability of the blood brain barrier vasculature, which can trigger ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is implicated in various diseases involving neuronal injury; however, the roles of iron and ferroptosis in HIBD have not been identified. In the present study, we investigated the role of iron overload in neuronal ferroptosis both in HIBD rat models and in oxygen‐ and glucose‐deprived (OGD) SH‐SY5Y cells. We observed that iron deposition in the cerebral cortex was significantly increased in HIBD rats. Features of ferroptosis such as shrunken mitochondria, increased MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, and reduced solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression were observed in the cerebral cortex of HIBD rats. Administration of an iron chelator in HIBD rats upregulated SLC7A11 expression and alleviated neuronal ferroptosis in cerebral cortex tissue. Additionally, overexpression of SLC7A11 in SH‐SY5Y cells increased cell viability and attenuated OGD‐induced ferroptosis. Our results demonstrate that iron overload induces neuronal ferroptosis by inhibiting SLC7A11 expression in HIBD. Inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis may be a promising strategy to alleviate brain damage in HIBD.
Glacier decay boosts the formation of new Arctic coastal environments—Perspectives from Svalbard
Authors: Kavan Jan , Strzelecki Mateusz C.
Published: March 2023

The consequences of accelerating climatic warming on Arctic landscape evolution are far‐reaching. In Svalbard, glaciers are rapidly retreating after the Little Ice Age, which leads to exposing new coastal landscapes from marine‐terminating glaciers. Precise quantification of these changes was limited until the complete dataset of Svalbard glacier outlines from 1930's was made available. Here, we analyse the new Svalbard glacier change inventory data and demonstrate that glacier retreat led to a major shift from marine‐terminating towards land‐based glaciers in the last century. This retreat also led to the formation of 922.9 km of new coastline since 1930's creating pristine landscapes governed by paraglacial processes and sediment‐rich nearshore fjord environments. Recent palaeogeographical reconstructions suggest that such a mode of coastal evolution was dominant over the extended periods of the Holocene. Transitions from marine‐terminating to land‐based glaciers have significant implications for fjord circulation, biological production, the state of marine ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles between land and seas and the CO2 budget in coastal waters.
Exploring nationwide policy interventions to control COVID‐19 from the perspective of the rapid learning health system approach
Authors: Ahmadi Ayat , Doshmangir Leila , Majdzadeh Reza
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The health systems needed to improve their learning capacities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Iran is one of the countries massively struck by the pandemic. This study aimed to explore whether and how the policy interventions made by Iran's policymakers at the national level to control COVID‐19, could improve the rapid learning characteristics of the health system.

Methods

A guide to clarify rapid learning health system (RLHS) characteristics was developed. The guide was used by two independent authors to select the policy interventions that could improve RLHS characteristics, then, to analyze the content of the selected policy interventions. In each stage, results were compared and discussed by all three authors. Final results were presented based on different RLHS characteristics and the potential mechanisms of contribution.

Results

Five hundred policy interventions were developed during the first 7 months of the outbreak. Thirty‐one policy interventions could potentially improve RLHS characteristics (6.2%). Two characteristics, such as the timely production of research evidence and the appropriate decision support were addressed by selected policy interventions. Policies, that could improve learning capacities, focused on decision‐maker groups more than user groups or researcher groups.

Conclusions

Most of the developed policy interventions during the first months of the epidemic did not address the learning capacities of the health system. To improve health system functions, improving RLHS characteristics of the health system, especially in patient‐centered and data linkage characteristics, is recommended.
Ramanujan's master theorem for radial sections of line bundles over the Poincaré upper half plane
Authors: Pusti Sanjoy , Ray Swagato K.
Published: March 2023

We prove an analog of the Ramanujan's Master theorem for the radial sections of line bundles over the Poincaré upper half plane.
Measurement and utilization of the proteomic reactivity by mass spectrometry
Authors: Punzalan Clodette , Wang Lei , Bajrami Bekim , Yao Xudong
Published: March 2023

Chemical proteomics, which involves studying the covalent modifications of proteins by small molecules, has significantly contributed to our understanding of protein function and has become an essential tool in drug discovery. Mass spectrometry (MS) is the primary method for identifying and quantifying protein‐small molecule adducts. In this review, we discuss various methods for measuring proteomic reactivity using MS and covalent proteomics probes that engage through reactivity‐driven and proximity‐driven mechanisms. We highlight the applications of these methods and probes in live‐cell measurements, drug target identification and validation, and characterizing protein‐small molecule interactions. We conclude the review with current developments and future opportunities in the field, providing our perspectives on analytical considerations for MS‐based analysis of the proteomic reactivity landscape.