bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O perfil socioeconômico da produção de fumo de corda no município de Perdões, MG
Authors: Gomes Ivair , Cândido Ferreira Arlon , Francisco de Oliveira Neto João
Published: September 2020

As possibilidades oriundas da modernização da agricultura brasileira provocam uma série de indagações a respeito da forma como o homem atua no espaço rural. O fumo de corda, produto típico do Brasil, teve sua manufatura desenvolvida pelos indígenas e pouco se alterou até o começo dos anos 80. O município de Perdões, MG, localizado na mesorregião do Oeste de Minas e na Bacia Hidrografia do Rio Grande, apresentou condições favoráveis para um fumo de boa qualidade e tem um ramo da planta representado no brasão da cidade, o que confirma a importância da atividade para o município. Por meio de questionários e referenciais teóricos, o seguinte trabalho discute algumas estratégias praticadas pelos produtores familiares com o intuído de resistir a hegemonia da agroindústria, investigando como elas afetam a estrutura tradicional da produção do fumo de corda. Apesar de ainda resistir a padronização industrial, o caráter transitório conduz à assimilação de novos pressupostos que não condizem com as noções de qualidade historicamente construídas e passadas entre as gerações dos produtores tradicionais.
Confucianism and the Liturgy
Authors: Blado Joseph , McNabb Tyler Dalton
Published: September 2020

In Confucian thought, there exists a functional view of rituals in which the participation in ritualistic practices brings about human flourishing. Call this the Confucian Ritual Principle (CRP). Utilizing contemporary psychology, in this paper, we argue for CRP. After linking rituals to human flourishing, we argue that on the hypothesis that Christianity is true, we would expect God to establish highly ritualistic and dogmatic liturgies. Put slightly differently, we argue that we should expect what we call 'high church' on the Christian hypothesis. We then move to engage two objections to our argument. First, we respond to an argument that low church traditions are compatible with CRP. Second, we respond to an objection that argues against the ritual thesis, based on the flourishing of low church traditions.
Minding Children in the Study of Liturgy
Authors: Pawl Faith Glavey
Published: September 2020

Recent interest in philosophy of religion on religious practice more generally, and liturgical rituals in particular, opens up new avenues for thinking about the religious lives of young children. In this article I consider what it means to say that young children are part of a worshipping assembly, and in what ways they might count as exemplary religious practitioners. There is very little discussion of the religious experiences and practices of children in the philosophy of religion, and I argue that this lacuna should be addressed. Taking cues from Nicholas Wolterstorff and Terence Cuneo's work on the philosophy of liturgy, I make the case that young children can and do participate fully in the liturgical rituals of Christian communities. I draw on the work of religious educators Sofia Cavaletti and Jerome Berryman to illustrate what the religious world of the child looks like, and to make the case that there are respects in which children are at an advantage over adults in participating in the liturgical life of the church.
Feast as Resistance
Authors: Shin Sarah
Published: September 2020

This paper takes the concept of black joy as a corporate practice of resistance against evil and extends it to apply to liturgical feasting as resistance against evil— through ritualized corporate worship (Eucharist) and table fellowship (eating a meal together). The proposal connects current discussions in analytic theology and black theology to propose an account of how the Church can help resist evil. After demonstrating how feasting in both the Eucharist and table fellowship help resist evil, the paper names two challenges to liturgical feasting and presents solutions to both problems by drawing upon the understanding of the human gaze as presented by child psychologist Vasudevi Reddy and upon theologian Eleonore Stump’s work on shame. The paper demonstrates how liturgical feasting as Eucharist and table fellowship helps to anchor and reinforce each other and provides a setting for the sharing of gazes and stories, the defeating of shame, and the forming of a collective memory that helps a community in its resistance of evil.
God is Not a Thing: A Response to Dale Tuggy
Authors: Radde-Gallwitz Andrew
Published: September 2020

Dale Tuggy has argued that all Trinitarians are committed to the nonsensical belief that the one God is the Trinity (where "is" expresses identity). In his submission to the current journal, Tuggy argues that this position began not, as some Orthodox theologians have claimed, with Augustine, but rather with the Cappadocians. According to Tuggy, in these late fourth century authors, the Trinity "replaced" the Father as the one true God. In this response, it is argued (1) that Tuggy's thesis of historical replacement is unproven, (2) that Tuggy's concept of substance, and therefore his reading of the Cappadocians is anachronistic or confused, and (3) that Tuggy mistakes the names "God" and "Father" for proper names.
IMPROVING THE TRAINING PROCESS OF 16–17-YEAR-OLD BIATHLETES BY MEANS OF HYPOXIC-HYPERCAPNIC EXPOSURES AND CONTROL OF CHANGES IN THE PREMORBID CONDITION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN THE BASIC STAGE OF SPORTS PREPARATION
Authors: Maleev D , Vinogradov E , Isaev A , Khodkevich V
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of basic and ergogenic (hypoxic-hypercapnic exposures) aids in the preparation of 16–17-year-old biathletes. Materials and methods. The study involved two groups of 16–17-year-old biathletes. All athletes underwent an in-depth medical examination at the beginning of the experiment. Throughout the study, their functional status was assessed by the premorbid index of the cardio-vascular system obtained with the CardioSoft diagnostic system (USA). Results. Hypoxic-hypercapnic exposures in sports training along with the general training program aimed at deve­loping local-regional muscle endurance is a promising approach that can ensure a high level of functional abilities in athletes and improve their sports results. Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the improvement of the training system for 16-17-year-old biathletes at the basic stage of sports preparation. The study proves that the innovative method proposed is effective for controlling the premorbid state of the cardiovascular system in athletes.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF FLOW STATE
Authors: Kovaleva A , Kvitchasty A , Anisimov V
Published: September 2020

Aim. The study aims to reveal objective psychophysiological indicators that are related to flow state. Materials and methods. Thirty-one (31) athletes of different competitive levels (20 females and 11 males, mean age 19.1 ± 4.59 years) participated in the study. The dynavision D2 training device was applied for creating optimal flow state conditions during the experiment. Physiological indicators were recorded by the Thought Technology hardware and software system. Heart rate variability, respiration rate (thoracic and abdominal), finger temperature, skin conductance were analyzed. Flow state depth was estimated based on the participants’ answers during the semi-structured interview that followed the experiment. Results. According to the results of the interview, all athletes were divided into two groups: the first group included athletes experiencing flow state (“flow” group), the second group composed of athletes who did not manage to experience flow state (“no-flow” group). When comparing these two groups after the experiment, it was revealed that the first group had higher levels of standard deviations of heart rate compared with the second group. In the first group (flow), the following indicators were significantly higher after the experiment: standard deviation of the RR-intervals (SDRR), skin conductance, and finger temperature. In the second group (no-flow), only skin conductance increased significantly. Conclusion. The results allow us to conclude that the flow state is characterized by a marked increase in the sympathetic nervous system (a higher level of stress compared to the same activity without flow).
STRUCTURAL BODY COMPOSITION PROFILE AND OBESITY PREVALENCE AT FEMALE STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE MEASURED BY MULTICHANNEL BIOIMPEDANCE PROTOCOL
Authors: Dopsaj M , Djordjević-Nikić M , Khafizova A , Eminović F , Marković S , Yanchik E , Dopsaj V
Published: September 2020

Aim. University students represent a specific group of young people in the final phase of biological, social and professional maturing and, at the same time, they are finishing their education and preparing themselves for long life obligations and period of living as an adult. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative characteristics, descriptive models and prevalence of the body structure of the female students of the University of Belgrade. Material and Methods. The sample consisted of 862 female students of the University of Belgrade (26 Faculties) from all study programs (from bachelor to PhD). The average age of students was: 22.2 ± 2.6 years. The whole sample was divided into eight BMI sub-classes according to WHO standards. All measurements were performed in the period 2014–2018 and were conducted according to the standardized procedure, using the InBody 720 measurement system. Results. Based on the results of the BMI prevalence, it can be argued that 6.85 % of female students are underweight, 80.14 % has normal BMI value, 9.64 % are overweight and only 3.13 % of the students are obese. Considering percent of body fat (PBF) as a criteria of nutritional status, 0.5 % of female students had PBF under the essential biological level (below the 10.0 % limit), 1.9 % had PBF at an essential level, 19.4 % had PBF at the level of athletes, 33.3 % had fitness level of PBF, 29.4 % had normal body fat level, and the percent of the sample in the obese category was as high as 15.6 %. Results of ANOVA Regression have shown that trend of body fat changes per kg·m–2 of BMI was between 1.5496 and 1.5181 % depending on the regression model, with a standard error of estimation value of 4.59 % of body fat. Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the morphological status of the female students of the University of Belgrade is at the level of persons with normal BMI, but with twice as big prevalence of underweight (6.85 %), i.e. malnutrition, than obesity (3.13 %), i.e. overnutrition.
EFFECT OF REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS INTENSITY ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF 5–6 AND 6–7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Krivolapchuk I , Chernova M , Gerasimova A
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to identify the effect of regular physical activity of medium and high intensity on the functional status of 5–6 and 6–7-year-old children. Materials and methods. The study involved children assigned for health reasons to the main medical group. A set of indicators characterizing the physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of the functional status was used. The experimental programs differed in the intensity of physical exercises. Results. Training programs based on high-intensity physical exercises contributed to a significant improvement in the functional status of the body, autonomic supply, physical performance and physical fitness compared to medium-intensity training programs. Comparison of functional indicators in children revealed that in 5–6-year-old children the level of general activation both in a state of calm wakefulness and under information loads at all stages of the study was higher than in 6–7-year-old children, while physical performance and motor fitness, on the contrary, were lower. Conclusion. The obtained results provide the evidence that 5–6 and 6–7-year-old children making physical exercises of high intensity performed better than those who had exercises of medium intensity as resulted from the degree of positive changes in functional indicators.
HUBUNGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DENGAN KELELAHAN OTOT PADA ATLET SEPAK BOLA REMAJA
Authors: Safitri Iqlima , Setyarsih Liani , Susanto Hardhono , Suhartono Suhartono , Fitranti Deny Yudi
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Kelelahan otot pada atlet sepak bola dapat memperburuk performa atlet selama pertandingan di lapangan. Kelelahan otot ditandai dengan adanya hasil samping asam laktat. Kadar hemoglobin yang rendah dapat menimbulkan produksi asam laktat yang lebih tinggi.Tujuan: menganalisis hubungan kadar hemoglobin dengan kadar asam laktat atlet sepak bola remaja.Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain Cross-sectional di Sekolah Sepak Bola Terang Bangsa Semarang. Sampel penelitian adalah 24 atlet sepak bola berusia 15-17 tahun. Kadar hemoglobin diukur menggunakan metode cyanthemoglobin. Kadar asam laktat diukur dengan cara pengambilan sampel darah kapiler di ujung jari menggunakan alat Roche Accutrend Plus. Uji hubungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan Rank Spearman.Hasil: Lebih dari 70% subjek memiliki tingkat kecukupan asupan protein yang kurang dan 50% di antaranya juga memiliki tingkat kecukupan asupan zat besi yang kurang. Meskipun demikian, hampir seluruh subjek memiliki kadar hemoglobin yang normal. Uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kadar asam laktat dengan nilai kekuatan korelasi sedang (p<0,05; r: -0,465). Artinya, jika atlet memiliki kadar Hb yang tinggi, maka dia akan memiliki kadar asam laktat yang rendah, begitupun sebaliknya.Simpulan: Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kelelahan otot yang ditandai dengan kadar asam laktat pada atlet sepak bola remaja.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN PROGRAM KADARZI PADA KELUARGA BALITA DI KECAMATAN CIHARA, BANTEN
Authors: Barqin Gesa Aldin , Sitoayu Laras , Jus'at Idrus , Melani Vitria , Nuzrina Rachmanida
Published: September 2020

Latar Belakang: Tahun 2018 baru 54,6 % anak balita yang dibawa ke fasilitas kesehatan untuk ditimbang sesuai standar sebagai salah satu indikator program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (KADARZI). Hal ini membuktikan diperlukan adanya peninjauan analisis determinan program KADARZI. Tujuan: Mengetahui determinan program KADARZI pada keluarga balita. Metode: Penelitian cross sectional dengan perhitungan sampel formula cohen (Priori: Chi-square test) pada aplikasi G*Power sebanyak 200 sampel, menggunakan teknik stratified proportional random sampling dengan kriteria keluarga yang memiliki balita usia 6-59 bulan yang tinggal bersama ibu kandung. Dilakukan uji statisik Chi-Square untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu, pendapatan keluarga, besar keluarga, peran tokoh masyarakat, sarana, jarak dan waktu menuju fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, pelayanan petugas kesehatan/kader serta keterpaparan informasi dengan Status KADARZI pada keluarga balita. Pada tahap akhir dilakukan uji statisik multiple regression jenis logistik untuk mengetahui variable yang paling berpengaruh terhadap status KADARZI.Hasil : KADARZI dapat terkait dengan pengetahuan gizi ibu, peran tokoh masyarakat, sarana pelayanan kesehatan, jarak dan waktu menuju fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, serta pelayanan petugas kesehatan/kader (p ≤ 0,05) dengan waktu tempuh menuju pelayanan kesehatan sebagai variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap Status KADARZI (OR=8,866). Simpulan : Pengetahuan ibu, dukungan tokoh masyarakat, sarana, jarak, waktu menuju fasilitas kesehatan dan pelayanan kesehatan/kader memiliki hubungan dalam menentukan KADARZI. Perlu adaya pelatihan atau membekali kader tentang teknik promosi kesehatan yang efektif sesuai sasaran yang dihadapi dan memfasilitasi dengan alat bantu promosi kesehatan yang memadai.
ANALISIS MIKROBIOLOGI DAN MUTU GIZI KEFIR SUSU KAMBING BERDASARKAN WAKTU FORTIFIKASI VITAMIN B12
Authors: Rahayu Gita Riski , Maulana Reza Achmad , Ayustaningwarno Fitriyono , Panunggal Binar , Anjani Gemala
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Susu kambing mempunyai kandungan vitamin B12 rendah dibandingkan susu sapi yaitu 0,065 mg/100 gr. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kandungan vitamin B12 pada susu kambing dengan membuat produk olahan kefir yang difortifikasi vitamin B12. Penambahan vitamin B12 pada kefir didasarkan pada kurfa pertumbuhan bakteri pada kefir.Tujuan: Menganalisis karakteristik mikrobiologi dan mutu gizi kefir susu kambing pada berbagai waktu fortifikasi vitamin B12Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan true experimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor, yaitu dengan fortifikasi vitamin B12 pada jam ke-0,6,12,18,34 fermentasi kefir susu kambing. Kandungan vitamin B12 dan protein diuji menggunakan metode spektrofotometri, serat diuji menggunakan metode grafimetri, lemak diuji menggunakan metode babcock, total bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dihitung menggunakan metode Total Plate Count, viskositas diuji menggunakan metode viskometer ostwald, dan derajat keasaman (pH) di ukur menggunakan pH meter.Hasil: Waktu fortifikasi vitamin B12 tidak berdampak signifikan pada kandungan vitamin B12 (p=0,169), kandungan protein (p= 0,343), total BAL (p=0,442). Kandungan vitamin B12 dan total BAL tertinggi pada waktu fortifikasi jam ke-6, kandungan protein tertinggi pada waktu fortifikasi jam ke-6 dan jam ke-12. Selain itu terdapat pengaruh waktu fortifikasi vitamin B12 terhadap kandungan serat (p=0,028), kandungan lemak (p=0,000), viskositas (p=0,007), pH (p=0,045). Kandungan serat tertinggi pada waktu fortifikasi jam ke-24, dan kandungan lemak, viskositas, pH tertinggi pada faktu fortifikasi jam ke-18Simpulan: Waktu fortifikasi vitamin B12 mempengaruhi kandungan serat, lemak, viskositas, dan pH pada kefir susu kambing. Kandungan vitamin B12, protein, dan total bakteri asam laktat tidak dipengaruhi oleh waktu fortifikasi vitamin B12.
Obsah a cíl výuky psychologie z pohledu studentů učitelských oborů
Authors: Nohavová Alena , Sokolová Lenka
Published: September 2020

Článek je zaměřený na cíle výuky psychologie pro učitelské obory ve vztahu k obsahu výuky. Na tuto problematiku kurikula se díváme skrze výpovědi studentů, kteří absolvovali výuku psychologie na dvou pedagogických fakultách: jedné v České republice a jedné na Slovensku. Z hlediska obecně formulovaných cílů výuky psychologie – funkční psychologické gramotnosti – článek nabízí kritický pohled na aplikační rovinu výuky psychologie, kterou studenti kladně hodnotí a vyžadují, ale se kterou mohou být spojené dva obecné stereotypy vnímání psychologie: (1) věda, která dává rady, návody, tj. „kuchařky“, (2) a umožňuje „testovat“ a poskytuje „testy“.

Uvedené stereotypy vnímání psychologie totiž stojí na opačném pólu od funkční psychologické gramotnosti. Identifikaci těchto kritických oblastí cílů výuky psychologie spojených s aplikační rovinou by měla být věnovaná pozornost napříč formami kurikula. Navrhovaným východiskem je rozvoj kritického a psychologického myšlení ve výuce psychologie.

Klíčová slova: funkční psychologická gramotnost, představy studentů, postoje studentů, výuka psychologie, stereotypy ve výuce, kurikulum.
Strach a školní výkon
Authors: Pavelková Isabella , Kubíková Kateřina , Boháčová Aneta
Published: September 2020

Abstrakt: Článek uvádí do problematiky strachu, především se soustřeďuje na vztah mezi žákovským strachem a školním výkonem, respektive na dopady strachu na učení. Analyzovány jsou jednak strukturální přístupy ke strachu a testové úzkosti (komponenty strachu), jednak procesuální přístupy. Věnujeme se modelům interference a modelům deficitu, ale i otázkám úzkosti v procesu učení, osobnosti úzkostného žáka, diferenciaci strachu na facilitující a inhibující. Pozornost je směřována na hodnocení (zpracování) strachu jedincem. Řešenou klíčovou otázkou je, nakolik strach posiluje, respektive oslabuje školní výkon. Okrajově se zabýváme i konstrukty souvisejícími se strachem: motivačně-volními charakteristikami žáků.
The impact of religion on the evolution of cooperation and conflicts
Authors: Szocik Konrad
Published: September 2020

Religion and religious beliefs have continued to play an important role in the evolution of the ability to cooperate at the level of large groups. It seems that natural selection favours selfishness rather than cooperative tendencies. Therefore, we suggest that cultural selection was necessary for the evolution of pro-social forms of behaviour. Cooperation is connected with conflicts, which are used to develop in-group cooperation. Here I show the possible impact of religion and religious beliefs on the development of an ability to cooperate, and to generate conflicts which are strictly connected with the possibility of in-group cooperation.
“We were like pilgrims from the 12th century. This is something! I do not praise, I appreciate it.” Camino de Santiago in The Memories of Polish peregrinos
Authors: Plichta Paweł
Published: September 2020

This paper examines a few aspects of religiousness presented in various narratives offered by Polish authors of the Camino memoirs. The parameters that determine the individual dimensions of religiosity are self-confession, religious practices, religious knowledge, religious ideology, religious morals, religious experience, and religious community. This paper adopts an analytical approach to varied source material including literature and popular and scientific texts created by authors that walked the Camino de Santiago themselves.
Role of the Muslim concept of chastity in the context of the cultural clash of values
Authors: Sadowa Katarzyna
Published: September 2020

In the modern, globalised world where the clash of different cultures’ values is more and more visible, the conflict between Western culture and Islam seems to be most common. In this analysis, the author focuses especially on the Muslim concept of chastity and its actual role in the contexts of such a cultural conflict. At first, the author explains the problem of the cultures’ clash, then she characterizes the Islamic concept of chastity and its particular value for Muslims. The main theme of publication is the analysis of chosen media messages regarding the call for combating non-approved Western rules by promoting living in accordance with the concept of chastity and ghayra.
On a class of critical elliptic systems in ℝ4
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zou Wenming
Published: September 2020

In the present paper, we consider the following classes of elliptic systems with Sobolev critical growth:

−Δu+λ1u=μ1u3+βuv2+2qpyu2qp−1v2inΩ,−Δv+λ2v=μ2v3+βu2v+2yu2qpvinΩ,u,v>0inΩ,u,v=0on∂Ω,$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \begin{cases} -{\it\Delta} u+\lambda_1u=\mu_1 u^3+\beta uv^2+\frac{2q}{p} y u^{\frac{2q}{p}-1}v^2\quad &\hbox{in}\;{\it\Omega}, \\ -{\it\Delta} v+\lambda_2v=\mu_2 v^3+\beta u^2v+2 y u^{\frac{2q}{p}}v\quad&\hbox{in}\;{\it\Omega}, \\ u,v \gt 0&\hbox{in}\;{\it\Omega}, \\ u,v=0&\hbox{on}\;\partial{\it\Omega}, \end{cases} \end{array}$$

whereΩ⊂ ℝ4is a smooth bounded domain with smooth boundary∂Ω;p,qare positive coprime integers with 1 <2qp$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \frac{2q}{p} \end{array}$< 2;μi> 0 andλi∈ ℝ are fixed constants,i= 1, 2;β> 0,y> 0 are two parameters. We prove a nonexistence result and the existence of the ground state solution to the above system under proper assumptions on the parameters. It seems that this system has not been explored directly before.
The combined use of GC, PDSC and FT-IR techniques to characterize fat extracted from commercial complete dry pet food for adult cats
Authors: Zglińska Klara , Niemiec Tomasz , Bryś Joanna , Bryś Andrzej , Łozicki Andrzej , Kosieradzka Iwona , Koczoń Piotr
Published: September 2020

This study aims to compare the quality of fat extracted from different priced dry pet food for adult cats through classical and instrumental methods: pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) or gas chromatography (GC). Fat extracted from pet food was examined for induction time (IT), fatty acid composition, free fatty acid (FFA) content and peroxide value with the use of PDSC, GC, acid–base and iodometric titration, respectively. FT-IR data from the selected spectral regions correlate with the value of oxidation IT or the content of FFA. This resulted in construction of a reference model for IT with the following statistical features: Rcalibration = 0.917 (RMSEC = 28.0) and Rvalidation = 0.841 (RMSEP = 34.6). For fatty acid content, model statistics were as follows: Rcalibration = 0.912 (RMSEC = 0.61) and Rvalidation = 0.856 (RMSEP = 0.75). Discriminant model that uses spectral data alone, calculated with performance index 83.7 allowed distinguishing the studied pet food samples due to the price. Studies conducted proved PDSC and IR as reliable analytical techniques to control and monitor the quality of dry pet food for cats. Considering quality of the studied samples, it was proved that low-priced pet foods can be stored longer than premium-priced ones, while former is nutritionally more beneficial for adult cats.
The Power to Improve: Effects of Multilingualism and Perceived Proficiency on Enjoyment and Anxiety in Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Botes E’Louise , Dewaele Jean-Marc , Greiff Samuel
Published: September 2020

The study examines whether already knowing several languages and feeling proficient in a new foreign language (FL) has an effect on positive and negative emotions during the learning. The emergence of positive psychology in language acquisition studies has led to the examination of positive emotions in the FL learning process, such as Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE). FLE is a positive emotional state where psychological needs are met and was introduced as the positive emotion counterpart to the oft studied negative emotion, Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA). A international sample of 1622 FL learners were analysed utilising multivariate tests of variance, examining the level of multilingualism and the level of self-perceived FL proficiency as independent variables, with FLE and FLA as dependent variables. Results indicated a very small, but statistically significant interaction effect between the level of multilingualism and self-perceived FL proficiency on the FLA of the language learner, but not on FLE. In addition, higher levels of multilingualism were associated with higher levels of enjoyment and lower levels of anxiety in FL learners. In turn, more self-perceived proficient FL learners indicated higher levels of enjoyment and lower levels of anxiety. Although effect sizes were in some cases very small, the results do indicate the benefits multilinguals and higher proficiency FL learners have when learning a FL.
Video-Aktivismus: Formen und Strategien der audiovisuellen Mobilisierung im Netz
Authors: Fahlenbrach Kathrin
Published: September 2020

Ausgehend von Bedingungen des Online-Aktivismus unterscheidet der Artikel zentrale Typen aktivistischer Videos: informative-, dokumentarische- und expressive Aktivistenvideos. Diese werden nach übergreifenden Funktionen der Mobilisierung sowie nach ihren rhetorischen Strategien und ästhetischen Erscheinungsweisen unterschieden, wie sie in den Praktiken unterschiedlicher Bewegungen im Web 2.0 zu beobachten sind.
Neue Wahrheiten von rechts außen?Alternative Nachrichten und der „Rechtspopulismus“ in Deutschland
Authors: Weisskircher Manès
Published: September 2020

Politische Akteur*innen sind lebhafte Produzent*innen von medialen Produkten und stellen sie dabei oft als Alternative zu etablierten traditionellen Medien dar. Seit geraumer Zeit stehen dabei nicht mehr linke Projekte, sondern „alternative Nachrichten“ von rechts außen im Zentrum der Debatte. Dieser Artikel analysiert mit PI News eine der populärsten dieser Plattformen in Deutschland. Untersucht wird die Entwicklung ihrer Popularität und ihre Klassifizierung als rechts außen auf Basis des ideologischen Schwerpunkts und der Vernetzung mit weiteren Rechtsaußen-Akteur*innen. Ebenso prüft diese Studie inwiefern oftmals vernachlässigte Entwicklungen der zeitgenössischen Rechtsaußen-Politik eine Rolle in der Berichterstattung spielen: die Identifikation mit einer europäischen Identität, die Bezugnahme auf gesellschaftspolitisch liberale Werte und der Aufstieg des Umwelt-Themas. Dabei wird die Bedeutung alternativer Medien für den zeitgenössischen „Rechtspopulismus“ kritisch reflektiert.
Application of three-phase partitioning to the purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from antioxidant rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)
Authors: Yuzugullu Karakus Yonca , Kahveci Busra , Acemi Arda , Kocak Gulden
Published: September 2020

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has been purified from the rosemary plant (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) through three-phase partitioning (TPP) and has been biochemically characterized. The optimized TPP consisted of 50% (w/v) ammonium sulfate and equal volumes of crude extract and tert-butanol prepared at pH 6.5 and room temperature. Using this system, PPO was purified 14-fold, with 230% recovery of activity from the middle phase. The partitioned enzyme had a molecular mass of 53 kDa. The highest enzyme activity was detected at 30 °C and pH 7.0 against catechol. In substrate specificity tests, the enzyme displayed activity towards catechol, 4-methylcatechol, caffeic acid, hydroquinone, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), pyrogallol, syringaldezine, and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine but no activity towards L-tyrosine. The enzyme was inhibited by the common PPO inhibitors; salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Enzyme activity increased in the presence of the organic solvents acetone, ethanol, and methanol.
Solving a 1-D inverse medium scattering problem using a new multi-frequency globally strictly convex objective functional
Authors: Thành Nguyen T. , Klibanov Michael V.
Published: September 2020

We propose a new approach to constructing globally strictly convex objective
functional in a 1-D inverse medium scattering problem using multi-frequency
backscattering data. The global convexity of the proposed objective functional is proved. We also prove the global
convergence of the gradient projection algorithm and derive an error
estimate. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Modeling House Price Synchronization across the U.S. States and their Time-Varying Macroeconomic Linkages
Authors: Marfatia Hardik A.
Published: September 2020

This paper analyzes the time-varying impact of macroeconomic forces on the synchronization in housing movements across all the U.S. states. Using a Bayesian modeling approach, the house price movements are decomposed into national, regional and state-specific factors. We then analyze the time-varying impact of macroeconomic forces on these national and regional factors. Evidence suggests that in several Western and Eastern states the house price variations are dominated by the national factor, whereas the regional factor dominates the Southern and Midwestern markets. These factors are found to have a time-varying relationship with most macroeconomic indicators with particularly pronounced time-variation caused by national house prices, inflation rate and consumer sentiments.
Leucism and updated geographic distribution of Molossus nigricans Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Honduras
Authors: Gómez-Corea Wilson , Hernández Jonathan , Antúnez-Fonseca Cristopher , Mejía-Quintanilla David , Vega Hermes
Published: September 2020

We present the first record of leucism of Molossus nigricans a chromatic disorder rarely documented in mammals of Honduras, as well as species’ biological and ecological information. In addition, we present the currently known distribution and altitudinal range of M. nigricans in Honduras, based on acoustic records, opportunistic findings and previous records. We confirm the presence of M. nigricans in sixteen departments of which four are new departmental records.
Crystal structure of poly[triaqua-(di(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)-μ4-silanetetrayltetrakis(benzene-4,1-diyl)tetrakis (hydrogen phosphonato)-κ4
O:O′:O′′:O′′′) dicadmium(II)], C44H42N4O15P4Cd2Si
Authors: Wang Baogang , Man Xiaxia
Published: September 2020

C44H42N4O15P4Cd2Si, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 13.4778(9) Å, b = 14.2036(9) Å, c = 15.2206(10) Å, α = 69.637(1)°, β = 72.355(1)°, γ = 64.861(1)°, V = 2431.1(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0428, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0987, T = 120(2) K.
Performance of rice paddy varieties under various organic soil fertility strategies
Authors: Setiawati Mieke Rochimi , Prayoga Muhamad Khais , Stöber Silke , Adinata Kustiwa , Simarmata Tualar
Published: September 2020

It has been widely known that integrating and adopting sustainable agricultural practices can restore and maintain the health of degraded agricultural land and adapt to climate change. Azolla pinnata and Sesbania rostrata are local potential plants in paddy fields that can be used as green manures. Two paddy varieties were planted. The experiment was conducted as factorial randomized block design, consisting of green manure types (p1 = goat manure 10 t/ha, p2 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 10 t/ha, p3 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Sesbania 2 t/h, and p4 = goat manure 10 t/ha + Azolla 5 t/ha + Sesbania 1 t/ha) and rice varieties (v1 = Bangir and v2 = Inpari 41). The results indicated that the use of green manure has increased the nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the soil from 0.10% and 0.82% to more than 0.20% and 2.0%, respectively. Inpari 41 variety produced higher grain yield (4.92 t/ha) compared to Bangir variety (3.48 t/ha). These findings indicate that the suitable green manure combined with paddy varieties can improve the resilience of soil health and paddy productivity.
Hitler’s Downfall and the Collapse of the Thousand Years Reich: Multi Fronts and Incapable Allies
Authors: Baig Muhammad Ali
Published: September 2020

The downfall of Adolf Hitler was a significant development in the history of the world. His armies conquered almost all of Europe in a dramatic span of time by the employment of Blitzkrieg tactics. Before the outbreak of the Second World War, Hitler assisted General Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Later, while still fighting on the Western front, Hitler ordered the Afrika Korps to assist Italians in Northern Africa and in the Balkans region and finally launched Operation Barbarossa by invading the Soviet Union. The Anti-Comintern Pact, Pact of Steel and Tripartite Pact brought the Third Reich, the Empire of Japan and the Kingdom of Italy onto one page. This paper attempts to probe the multiple fronts and the efficacy of Hitler’s allies including Japan, Italy, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Croatia and to try and find the causes behind the downfall of one of the strongest men the world has ever seen from a theoretical perspective. This research did not intend to glorify Hitler or Nazism, but focuses on how the maximization of power and the states’ actions with hegemonic aspirations triggered a balancing coalition and ultimately resulted in punishment from the system itself.
Thermosoluted Marangoni convective flow towards a permeable Riga surface
Authors: Shafiq Anum , Rasool Ghulam , Phali Lehlohonolo , Khalique Chaudry Masood
Published: September 2020

This study reveals the characteristics of chemical reaction on Marangoni mixed convective stream towards a penetrable Riga surface. The heat and mass phenomena are analysed within the sight of Dufour and Soret impacts. The administering partial differential equations system is converted into three nonlinear ordinary differential equations utilizing appropriately adjusted transformations. The resultant system of highly nonlinear equations is analytically solved by invoking the homotopy analysis method. Thereafter, the convergence of series solutions is discussed. The impact of appropriate parameters on various flow fields is thoroughly explained with the help of graphs and tables. The wall drag coefficient and relevant flux rates are arranged and discussed for dimensionless parameters. The outcomes show that the stronger Dufour effect of liquid causes a notable incremental variation in heat and mass flux, whereas an opposite trend is noted in the heat flux rate for the Soret effect. However, the mass flux is still found increasing for the stronger Soret effect.
Robust parameter search for IC tray injection molding using regrind resin
Authors: Huang Ming-Shyan , Nian Shih-Chih
Published: September 2020

Quality consistency is essential in maximizing the productivity rate of the injection molding process and minimizing the production cost. The quality consistency problem is particularly acute in the case of injection molding processes performed using regrind resin, for which the rheological properties are less uniform and more unpredictable than those of virgin material. Accordingly, the present study proposes a two-stage approach for optimizing the injection molding process parameters in such a way as to achieve a consistent molding quality over repeated injection molding cycles. In the first stage, the values of the injection speed/pressure, velocity-to-pressure (V/P) switchover point, and packing pressure are individually determined based on an inspection of the cavity pressure profile and machine parameters provided by the injection molding machine controller. In the second stage, a robust parametric search method based on a first-order regression model is employed to determine the optimal combination of the process parameter settings. Using an Integrated Circuit (IC) tray fabricated from regrind resin for illustration purposes, the results confirm that the proposed method overcomes the problem of small variations in the melt quality and therefore provides an effective technique for improving the yield rate and quality of the continuous mass production.
Advancements in proton exchange membranes for high-performance high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC)
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Kujawski Wojciech , Rynkowska Edyta
Published: September 2020

The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) offers several advantages, such as high proton conductivity, high CO tolerance, good chemical/thermal stability, good mechanical properties, and low cost. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the critical component of HT-PEMFC. This work discusses the methods of current PEMs development for HT-PEMFC including modifications of Nafion® membranes and the advancement in composite PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. The modified Nafion®-based membranes can be used at temperatures up to 140 °C. Nevertheless, the application of Nafion®-based membranes is limited by their humidification with water molecules acting as proton carriers and, thus, by the operation conditions of membranes under a relative humidity below 20%. To obtain PEMs applied at higher temperatures under non-humidified conditions, phosphoric acid (PA) or ionic liquids (ILs) are used as proton carriers in PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. The research discussed in this work provides the approaches to improving the physicochemical properties and performance fuel cell of PEMs. The effects of polymer blending, crosslinking, and the incorporation of inorganic particles on the membrane properties and fuel cell performance have been scrutinized. The incorporation of inorganic particles modified with ILs might be an effective approach to designing high-performance PEMs for HT-PEMFC.
Progress and perspectives for the use of pillared clays as adsorbents for organic compounds in aqueous solution
Authors: Cardona Yaneth , Vicente Miguel Angel , Korili Sophia A. , Gil Antonio
Published: September 2020

The world is faced with several problems as regards water pollution. This is due to several factors, including the discharge of effluents into the environment with no prior treatment. This wastewater, therefore, contains significant levels of pollutants, including numerous toxic organic contaminants and others that are similarly undesirable. Several studies have attempted to find ways of removing wastewater contaminants using pillared interlayered clays (PILC) as adsorbents. In this work, we present a summary of those studies that have used PILC as adsorbents for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solutions while simultaneously illustrating their potential for this purpose. A general overview is provided so that the reader can acquire a basic understanding of the PILC and their modified counterparts that have been used, and some of the characteristics that can directly affect their adsorption behavior, especially their textural and surface properties.
The Development of a Regression Model to Predict Object Transfer Power in Older Adults
Authors: Castillo Diana C. , Strand Keri L. , Oh Jeonghoon , Eltoukhy Moataz , Totillo Matthew C. , Signorile Joseph F.
Published: September 2020

Castillo, DC, Strand, KL, Oh, J, Eltoukhy, M, Totillo, MC, and Signorile, JF. The development of a regression model to predict object transfer power in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3086–3093, 2020—Declines in mechanical power affect independence in older adults; however, no practical clinical method exists to assess peak power (PP) and average power (AP) during transfer tasks in this population. Therefore, predictive models were developed and validated during performance of an existing transfer assessment, the gallon-jug shelf-transfer (GJST) test. Twenty-one independent-living older women (age = 74.8 ± 5.6) and men (age = 73.8 ± 4.5) participated in the development phase. Peak power and AP were computed using data from three-dimensional movement analyses while subjects moved five 1-gallon jugs from a low (0.59 m) to high shelf (1.43 m) as quickly as possible. Stepwise linear regression models using test duration, subject height, and age produced equations with high R
2 values for PP (0.655–0.701; p < 0.0001) and AP (0.703–0.759; p < 0.0001). However, regression and Bland-Altman analyses showed models with declining agreement as power values increased. Therefore, analyses were repeated using a quadratic model, showing stronger predictive capacity (PP: R
2 = 0.786; AP: R
2 = 0.878; p < 0.0001). Validity of this model was evaluated in a second sample of 30 older women (age = 69.9 ± 4.7) and men (age = 70.7 ± 4.3). Computed GJST AP and PP were compared with power produced during dominant arm chest press and distance during the seated medicine ball throw. Generalizability of these models was also confirmed through cross-validation analyses. Our results indicate mechanical power in older adults can be accurately measured using the quadratic model, with test duration as the independent variable. This model provides a simple, safe, and inexpensive assessment tool that can be administered by clinicians to improve diagnostic and therapeutic processes in older persons.
A Variable Strength Stress-Corrosion Test Specimen
Authors: Clark W. G. , Ernst H. A.
Published: September 2020

This paper describes a unique variable-strength test specimen and loading procedure which can be used to minimize the number of tests required to characterize the effect of material strength level on the threshold stress intensity for environment-induced crack growth (KIssc). The procedure involves axial wedge loading of a cylindrical specimen which previously has been heat treated to yield a strength gradient along the length of the bar. KIssc results obtained for an American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Type 4340 steel exposed to seawater are used to illustrate the feasibility and advantages of this new test method.
Subsize Specimens for Crack-Arrest Testing
Authors: Marschall C. W. , Mincer P. N. , Rosenfield A. R.
Published: September 2020

Crack-arrest tests on A533 Type B steel compact specimens, as small as 100 mm square by 6.4 mm thick, yielded results that agreed with those reported for 200-mm-square by SO-mm-thick specimens of the same steel. The specimens were trans-verse-wedge loaded and contained both a brittle crack-starter weld and side grooves, as recommended on the basis of results obtained in the ASTM Cooperative Program on Crack Arrest Testing.

Preliminary experiments revealed that the load-line displacement measured at the onset of rapid fracture frequently contained a significant plastic component that, if included in the linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) computation of K, yielded nonconservative toughness values. An incremental load-cycling technique was used to minimize the effect of plastic displacement prior to crack initiation. Following unloading after a given cycle, the specimen was reloaded until the load-point displacement exceeded that of the prior cycle by 5 percent. This procedure was continued until rapid fracture was initiated. Because of strain hardening, the displacement reached during the crack-initiation cycle was almost entirely elastic and could be used to calculate toughness by LEFM with little error. Use of subsize crack-arrest specimens in combination with incremental load cycling is particularly attractive for studying radiation effects in pressure-vessel steels, because of space limitations in reactors.
Controlled Flaw Preparations for Heavy-Section Steel Fracture Mechanics Testing
Authors: Holz P. P.
Published: September 2020

Representative field testing to determine data for potential flaw propagation, fracture behavior, and margin against fracture for high-pressure-, high-temperature-service steel vessels subjected to increasing pressurization or thermal shock or both is premised on the investigator's ability to grow representative sharp cracks of known size, location, and orientation. Gaging for analytical stress and strain procedures and ultrasonic and acoustic emission instrumentation then can be applied to monitor the vessel during testing and to study crack growth.

Cracks were grown by two techniques: (1) a mechanical method within a premachined notch was sharpened by pressurization, and (2) a method combining electron beam welds and hydrogen charging to crack the chill zone of a rapidly placed autogenous weld. The mechanical method produces a naturally occurring growth shape controlled primarily by the shape of the machined notch; the welding-electrochemical method produces flaws of uniform depth from the surface of a wall or machined notch. Theories, details, discussions, and procedures are covered for both flaw-growing schemes.
Influence of Microstructure on the Ductile Rupture Mechanisms of a 316L Steel at Room and Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Balladon P. , Heritier J. , Rabbe P.
Published: September 2020

Fracture toughness and ductile crack growth properties of 316L stainless steel at room temperature and at 550°C are determined using the J-integral concept. Two plates of 316L stainless steel containing, due to their different melting processes, different amounts and sizes of inclusions are characterized in terms of JIc and slopes of the J-R curves. The variations of these properties with the inclusion content and size, the proportion of second phases (carbides, δ ferrite, σ phase), and the position of the crack propagation plane with respect to the rolling direction are studied. Tension and impact tests carried out in the same conditions are used to compare the different toughness criteria.

The results obtained show thatl1c and JIc and dJ/da levels are very sensitive to inclusion content and shape and to the presence of transgranular carbides and a phase. Small amounts of li ferrite and intergranular carbides seem to have little influence. JIc and dJ/da criteria are more sensitive to the presence of inclusions or second phase than the Charpy V-notch criterion. The choice of the blunting line equation used to determine JIc values is discussed in terms of crack-opening displacement measurements during crack-tip blunting.

An approach is made to determine the influence of specimen size on the results obtained in JIc tests for an austenitic stainless steel.