bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A monograph of the genus Ornithoglossum (Liliaceae)
Authors: Nordenstam Bertil
Published: March 2008

An account is given of the morphology and taxonomy of the African genus Ornithoglossum Salisb. The genus belongs to the Liliaceae–Wurmbeoideae, a phytochemi–cally distinct taxon sometimes treated as a separate family, the Colchicaceae. Ornithoglossum belongs to the tribe Iphigenieae, which is here amended to include the former tribe Glorioseae. Within the genus Ornithoglossum 8 species are here recognized, 3 of which are new, viz. O. parviflorum B. Nord., O. vulgare B. Nord. and O. gracile B. Nord. Two varieties of O. parviflorum are recognized. O. zeyheri (Baker) B. Nord. is a new combination. The chromosome number 2n = 24 is recorded for four species. The genus is believed to have originated in formerly arid regions of tropical Africa. Because of a climatic change, an increase in humidity, a south– and southwestward migration took place, followed by speciation in response to factors in the new environment. Sympatric speciation may have been promoted by the development of differences in flowering times and by specialization to different pollinators. The evolution of the nectary region of the tepals is particularly illuminating, and taxonomically useful. The proposed taxonomy is further supported by ultrastructural features of the seeds and pollen grains.
Catila and Onira, two new genera of South American Iridaceae
Authors: Ravenna Pierfelice
Published: March 2008

Two new genera of Iridaceae–Tigridieae, namely Catila and Onira, are described. The former is based on Catila amabilis Ravenna, a new species; the latter on Herbertia unguiculata Baker. Both belong to the flora of south–eastern South America.

The relationships of Catila with Cypella Herb, and Calydorea Herb., two genera so far considered as belonging respectively to the tribes Tigridieae, and Sisyrinchieae, are emphasized. Moreover, its inflorescence, seedling, and pollen morphology, as well as chromosome number (2n = 14), are described.

Onira, the second genus here proposed is considered as related to Cypella, Sympa Rav., and Kelissa Rav., and less closely also to Catila.

The tribes Tigridieae and Sisyrinchieae are surveyed and discussed, especially in relation to the systematics of the genera concerned. In this connection, the “cypel–loid” character of the androecium and gynoecium of Cipura Aubl., and the unrealistic concepts on which previous authors based their descriptions of this genus, are disclosed. As a result, tribe Tigridieae is emended, in order to include exclusively the American genera bearing a tunicated bulb covered by membranous, or at least not fibrous coats.
New evidence from embryology in angiosperm classification
Authors: Cocucci Alfredo Elio
Published: March 2008

New embryological evidence in angiosperm classification is presented from two different lines of research. One deals with a new field in embryological research, the other keeps within the classical framework. The new approach encouraged by the author refers to the exploration of the chemical composition of the pollen tube as a taxonomic tool. The presence of callose in several pollen tubes and the lack of this compound in others has been correlated with other embryological and taxonomical features within the Tubiflorae, showing a great deal of correspondence. In order to exemplify the classical approach, two families have been selected: Loranthaceae and Hydnoraceae. The Loranthaceae have a special structure called the “mamelon”, usually interpreted as a placenta. Recent research based on the position of the ar–chesporial tissue shows that not all “mamelons” should be regarded as homologous structures. Based on this finding, a new scheme of evolutionary lines is proposed. In connection with the holoparasitic family Hydnoraceae, the author discusses its relationships with Mitrastemonaceae and Annonaceae on grounds of embryology and floral morphology.
Novelties from the Austral Islands and French Polynesia. –Pacific Plant Studies 39
Authors: John Harold St.
Published: March 2008

In 1934 the Mangarevan Expedition of the Bishop Museum made botanical collections in southeastern Polynesia. In the Austral Islands the following novelties were collected: Hemandia moerenhoutiana Guillem. ssp. elliptica (Hernandiaceae); Euodia angustior (Rutaceae); Acalypha tubuaiensis, and Macaranga raivavaeensis (Euphorbiaceae).
The morphogenesis of dimorphic pollen and anthers in Tripogandra amplexicaulis. Light microscopy and growth analysis
Authors: Mattsson Ole
Published: March 2008

A characteristic of the genus Tripogandra is the presence of two dissimilar whorls of anthers. In T. amplexicaulis the short filamented anthers (S anthers) develop fertile, spheroidal pollen, the long filamented ones (L anthers) develop elongated spores, which degenerate prior to anthesis. Meiosis is regular in both types but occurs approximately two days later in the L anthers. Developmental traits of the L spores are a continuous, uniaxial extension and a sigmoid course of growth in volume accompanied by progressive vacuolarization and growth of starch grains and usually no division. The number of spores in the L anthers amounts to only 60 % of that in the S anthers, but the values for anther fresh weight and pollen sac volume of the former eventually exceed those of the latter and the relative growth rate in these variables is consistently higher in the L anthers. The relative rate in dry weight, however, is similar for both anthers and the absolute rate is clearly lower in the L anthers. These growth characteristics are reflected in a greater vacuolarization of both spores and the amoeboid tapetum in the L anthers. Cytological features of male sterile plants with hypotrophy of the tapetum are related to the sterility syndrome of the L anthers and a common hypothesis for the deviating features is presented.
On the fine structure of the liquid producing floral gland of the orchid, Coryanthes speciosa
Authors: Schnepf Eberhard , Deichgräber Gisela , Barthlott Wilhelm
Published: March 2008

The flowers of the “bucket–orchid”, Coryanthes speciosa, have two finger–like glands on each side of the column. They secrete large amounts of an aqueous fluid which drips into a bucket–like part of the labellum, the epichile. The fluid contains low amounts of sugars (glucose, fructose, saccharose, mannose), of ions, of a polysaccharide mucilage and unknown substances which provide odour and taste. The fluid seems to be discharged from the epithelial cells of the gland. They contain many dictyosomes, a well developed ER, occurring mainly as smooth, tubular interconnected elements, and coated pits at the plasmalemma as well as coated vesicles at the cell periphery and around the dictyosomes. Especially in young glands, the coated pits are frequently associated with lumps of osmiophilic material at the outer surface of the plasmalemma which are. however, observed also independent of coaled pits. The cuticle consists of an outer, homogeneous layer and an irregular, inner one. The latter is interspersed with a network of fibrils which merge into a mucilage that fills a voluminous subcuticular space in active plants. It is assumed that water secretion is the consequence of mucilage discharge and that the cuticle functions as a filter. The ER seems to supply the dictyosomes with membrane material. It is possible that the coated pits recycle membranes; an exocytotic function, however, cannot be excluded.
Action of cytochalasin B on cytoplasmic streaming systems and morphogenesis in Micrasterias torreyi (Conjugatophyceae)
Authors: Lehtonen Juhani
Published: March 2008

The effects of cytochalasin B on the development and morphology of the Micrasterias cell vary according to different developmental stages. CB (especially 5–6 μm/ml) does not stop the growth of a developing semicell during early developmental stages and allows the formation of a three–lobed form, which is a kind of a basic form preceding the actual morphogenesis, further growth and development still being totally prevented by the same concentration. This is due to the occurrence of two separate cytoplasmic streaming systems in the developing semicell, one being cortical, more CB sensitive, the other being more central, not as sensitive to CB, both being microfilament based. The cortical streaming system supports tip growth, and many observations indicate that this system is also associated with the intermediation of the nuclear control regulating morphogenesis in Micrasterias. The effects of CB are specific: it has not been found to have distinct effects on the ultrastructure of the cell, on cell wall material production, or on the turgor pressure of the cell.
Hawaiian novelties in Clermontia (Lobeliaceae). Hawaiian plant studies 114
Authors: John Harold St.
Published: March 2008

Clermontia earina H. St. John, C. mannii H. St. John and C. oblongifolia Gaud. f. glabra H. St. John, all from Hawaii, are described as new.
Thalassiosira punctigera (Castr.) comb, nov., a widely distributed marine planktonic diatom
Authors: Hasle Grethe Rytter
Published: March 2008

Examination of type material showed that 8 taxa must be reduced to synonomy with Thalassiosira punctigera (Castr.) comb, nov., an extremely variable species as to size and valve structure. Preliminary experiments indicated a certain relationship between the areola size and the temperature at which clonal cultures had been grown. While previously known from the North Pacific and the South Atlantic Oceans in addition to a single record from the Caribbean Sea it has since 1979 been recorded regularly in the Skagerrak (between Denmark and Norway).
Festuca auriculata in North America
Authors: Frederiksen Signe
Published: March 2008

Festuca auriculata Drob., published by Alexeev from one place in Alaska and besides known from the Arctic part of Asia, is shown to occur in several localities in Alaska and the north–western part of Yukon, Canada.
Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) and related genera 3
Authors: Preisig Hans Rudolf , Hibberd David J.
Published: March 2008

New observations are presented on the internal ultrastructure of the scale–bearing chrysophycean genera Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella, the new genus Polylepidomonas and 15 species of Paraphysomonas. These data show that the pigmented genera Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella and Polylepidomonas have a generally similar internal structure and that their taxonomic separation is based only on differences in scale structure. The structure of Paraphysomonas resembles that of these genera but the cells always possess a leucoplast rather than a chloroplast. In cell structure, the pigmented genera resemble the naked genus Ochromonas while Paraphysomonas resembles Spumella, the colourless counterpart of Ochromonas. Evaluation of the differences between these genera and the scale–bearing genera Mallomonas and Synura has led to the conclusion that Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella, Polylepidomonas and Paraphysomonas should no longer be classified within the family Mallomonadaceae. The new family Paraphysomonadaceae is established to include Chrysophyceae with an Ochromonas type of cell structure but which also produce silica scales.
Chromosome numbers of flowering plants from northern Norway and Svalbard
Authors: Borgen Liv , Elven Reidar
Published: March 2008

Chromosome numbers of 25 taxa of flowering plants from northern Norway and Svalbard are reported. Four species and one subspecies, Carex halophila F. Nyl. (2n = ca. 78), C. stenolepis Less. (2n = ca. 80), Salicorniapojarkovae N. Sem. (2n = 36), Alnus incano (L.) Moench ssp. kolaensis (Orlova) Love (2n = 28), and Saxifraga svalbardensis D. O. Øvstedal (2n = ca. 64), have not been studied karyologically before. Chromosome numbers of four additional species are reported for the first time from Norway; those of another six species for the first time from northern Norway. The hybrid Salix herbacea L. (2x) x 5. polaris Wahlenb. (6x) is proved tetraploid and may be fertile. A possible hybrid between Saxifraga hyperborea R. Br. and S. rivularis L. was revealed.
Phenetic and phylogenetic studies based on measurements of Plantago ser. Brasilienses
Authors: Rahn Knud
Published: March 2008

Numerical taxonomic methods for a programmable pocket calculator are proposed. Operational taxonomic units (OTU's) may be either accepted taxa or single specimens, or a mixture of both. All types of characters are employable. A calculated or estimated common standard deviation and the mean (or reading) define the normal distribution curve for each measurement variable. Similarity between two OTU's is calculated as the overlapping area below their distribution curves. Ninety specimens of Plantago ser. Brasilienses are used as examples. The clusters are finally grouped using both phenetic and several cladistic methods. Results from phylogenetic sys–tematics cannot be used directly in taxonomy because the basic principles are discordant with those in the botanical code.
The chromosome number of Heliconia (Musaceae)
Authors: Andersson Lennart
Published: March 2008

The chromosome number 2n = 24 was determined in 31 taxa of Heliconia, representing nearly the entire morphological spectrum of the genus. The karyotype is a graded series of rather small chromosomes ranging between 0.7 and 1.7 urn. One pair has satellites. It is concluded that morphological chromosome differentiation played no great part in the diversification of the genus.
Reproduction in seagrasses: pollen wall morphogenesis in Amphibolis antarctica and wall structure in filiform grains
Authors: Pettitt J. M. , McConchie C. A. , Ducker S. C. , Knox R. B.
Published: March 2008

The pre–meiotic anther of the marine angiosperm Amphibolis antarctica contains microsporocytes and sterile cells. The microsporocytes divide conventionally to produce tetrads, but the sterile cells degenerate and contribute to the future pe–riplasmodium. Each tetrad of young microspores is contained within a vesicle defined by a membrane. After release from the tetrad, the microspores increase in length and rapidly become filiform. The microspore nucleus soon divides and partitioning of the cytoplasm delimits the generative cell from the vegetative cell of the binucleate pollen grain. The division and the early pollen growth occurs while the grains are segregated within vesicles in the periplasmodium. These compartments, established at microspore release, remain structurally intact throughout the vacuolate period of pollen development, when pollen wall assembly begins. This process is initiated as particles migrate from the inner face of the vesicle membrane into the lumen of the vesicle and microfibrillar elements form between adjacent particles. The particles and microfibrils form a loose, three–dimensional network. The vesicle membrane then disappears and the binuclate grains become immersed in the tapetal residuum. Additional wall components are now deposited upon the primary fibrillar stratum. Short lamellae, resembling fragments of membrane, frequently associated with electron–opaque globuli, are found intermixed with the surface microfibrils. Apparently, granular material originating in the degenerating periplasmodium may be the precursor of the globuli, and contact with the lamellae brings about an alteration in state. At this stage the pollen wall is resolved as two distinct fibrillar strata and the lamellae and globuli are incorporated as inclusions into the superficial zone of the outer stratum. The mature pollen wall exhibits faint stratification and the presence of the subsurface inclusions is readily demonstrated in germinating grains by section staining with phosphotungstic acid.

The pollen wall in A. antarctica is compared with that in filiform grains of other seagrasses.
Influence of inoculum density of two vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and temperature/light intensity on Trifolium repens
Authors: Jensen Anni
Published: March 2008

The influence of three inoculum densities of Glomus caledonius and G. epigaeus and two temperature/light intensity conditions was investigated on Trifolium repens. The significance of inoculation was compared to the significance of naturally occurring vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and to application of soluble phosphate fertilizer. Increasing density of inoculum and the highest temperature/light intensity condition tested increased VAM infection, whereas only small differences were found between efficiency of the two introduced VAM fungi. The presence of naturally occurring VAM fungi proved as efficient in establishing infection as the most successful inoculations. Some interactions among the investigated parameters were found for several recordings. The increase in VAM infection was followed by an increase in number of nodules; in uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc, and copper; and in growth of roots and shoots. The calculated inflow of phosphate, zinc, and copper into roots was not associated with inoculum density, VAM species or temperature/light conditions. Compared to an uninoculated control without application of phosphate, inoculation with the highest spore density increased (after 18 weeks growth) the dry weight of shoot 52 fold and 7 fold for G. caledonius, and 121 fold and 9 fold for G. epigaeus at low and high temperature/light conditions, respectively. It was also found that VAM increased weight per nodule 52% when roots with no or sparse VAM infection were compared to roots with low to maximal VAM infection and 98% when roots with low VAM infection were excluded. Application of phosphate fertilizer enhanced nodulation and growth of non–mycorrhizal plants to a level similar to that of the most heavily VAM infected plants.
Pollen morphology in Campanulaceae IV
Authors: Dunbar Anita
Published: March 2008

The exine structure has been studied in Campanulaceae s. lat. The results are combined with those in previous studies of shape, sculpturing and aperture conditions. Fifteen further species have been studied by SEM. Two main groups of pollen are found: (1) porate pollen with spinules and ridges/protrusions or a low relief reticulum, combined with an ektexine varying from simple to complex and a lamellated endexine; (2) 3–colpate/colporate pollen with a high relief reticulate/striate surface sculpturing, in general a homogeneous ektexine and an endexine lacking lamellae. The first group corresponds to Campanulaceae s. str., the second to Lobeliaceae s. str. Some genera like Cyananthus, Codonopsis and Parishella have unique characters which make them difficult to place in any of the two main groups.
Notes on Ischnosiphon (Marantaceae)
Authors: Andersson Lennart
Published: March 2008

Four new species are described, viz. Ischnosiphon bahiensis (Brazil), I. ursinus (French Guiana and Rio Negro Basin), I. crassispicus (vicinity of Manaus), and I. fusiformis (NE Peru). New data on ecology, morphology, or distribution are presented for I. inflatus Anderss., I. enigmaticus Anderss., I. centricifolius Anderss., I. gracilis (Rudge) Koern., I. helenae Anderss., I. macarenae Anderss., I. polyphyllus (P. & E.) Koern., and I. surumuensis Loes. The typification of I. arouma (Aubl.) Koern. is briefly discussed.
Phyllanthus brunelii sp.nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Roux J.
Published: March 2008

Phyllanthus brunelii Roux, a new shrubby species from Thailand is described. P. brunelii has apparently until now been confused with P. reticulatus Poir. Its pollen structure suggests affinities between the subgenera Kirganelia (A. Juss.) Webster and Gomphidium (Baill.) Webster.
Machaerina and Uncinia (Cyperaceae) on Rapa, Austral Islands. – Pacific plant studies 41
Authors: John Harold St.
Published: March 2008

Machaerina involuta sp. nov., and Uncinia rapaensis sp. nov. (Cyperaceae) are described from Rapa Island, Austral Islands, South Pacific Ocean, based on morphology.
Perithecium development in Sordaria brevicollis
Authors: Sanni Morenike Olayinka
Published: March 2008

Microconidia and ascogonial coils were produced by the two strains of Sordaria brevicollis, WTA and WTa. Over 90% of the microconidia, which functioned chiefly for sexual reproduction, germinated producing short–lived germ tubes. Ascogonial coils with conspicuous trichogynes were observed. A hypha was initiated from the base of the ascogonial coil and soon completely surrounded it, giving rise to the protoperithecium. The ascogonial coil became the ascogonium within the proto–perithecium, and it was surrounded by a pseudoparenchymatous centrum. Many paraphyses arose from pseudoparenchymatous cells. The ascogonium followed the Sordariaceous type of development and gave rise to ascogenous hyphae, croziers, unitunicate asci and ascospores. Anomalous perithecia were observed and perithecia reached maturity 9–1 1 days after inoculation.
Cladonia (sect. Cocciferae) norvegica, a new lichen species
Authors: Tønsberg T. , Holien H.
Published: March 2008

Cladonia (sect. Cocciferae, subsect. Ochroleucae) norvegica T0nsb. & Holien sp. nov., is closely related to C. bacilliformis (Nyl.) DT. & Sarnth. but is morphologically, chemically, and ecologically distinct. Superficially it may resemble C. (sect. Cladonia) coniocraea auct., which is often growing with it. C. norvegica is known from Norway only.
Studies on scale–bearing Chrysophyceae from the Giessen area, Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Dürrschmidt Monika
Published: March 2008

The Chrysophycean flora of various freshwater bodies round Giessen was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy between 1979 and 1982. Investigations throughout the year revealed a clear preference of most of the taxa for autumn and spring. Altogether, 32 taxa of Chrysophyceae were found. Twelve of these had previously been recorded from W Germany, only four species, however, documented by electron microscopy. Mallomonas costata sp. nov. and M. pillula f. latimarginalis f. nov. are described.
The morphological variation of some Crataegus populations (Rosaceae) in Greece and Yugoslavia
Authors: Christensen Knud Ib
Published: March 2008

Morphological evidence of hybridization and introgression between Crataegus orien–talis Pallas ex M.–Bieb. and C. pycnoloba Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. was observed where the two species meet in the montane–subalpine zone of Mt Chelmos, Pelo–ponnisos. C. pycnoloba var. parnassica Diap. is a variant of C. orientalis. Greek and Yugoslavian material of C. monogyna Jacq., C. curvisepala Lindm. and their hybrid is compared with Danish material of the three taxa using the multivariate techniques of discriminant analysis and Wells' distance coefficient. The infraspecific variation of C. monogyna and the correct binary names for C. monogyna x orientalis (C. x albanica Pojark. versus C. x polyacantha Jan) and C. curvisepala x monogyna (C. x kyrtostyla Fingerh.) are discussed.
Plantago sect. Oliganthos in southern South America, a taxonomic revision
Authors: Rahn Knud
Published: March 2008

Seven species are recognized: Plantago pulvinata Spegazzini, P. uniglumis Walp., P. sempervivoides Dusen, P. correae Rahn sp. nov., P. tehuelcha Spegazzini, P. moorei Rahn sp. nov., and P. barbata G. Forster; the last with five subspecies: ssp. barbata; ssp. gigantea Rahn ssp. nov.; ssp. austroandina Rahn ssp. nov.; ssp. monanthos (Dum. d'Urv.) Rahn stat. nov.; and ssp. muscoides (J. D. Hook.) Rahn stat. nov. 594 herbarium specimens from 399 collections have been studied and 61 collections cultivated. The chromosomes were counted in 56 of these: 2n = 23, 24, 48, 68, 72, and 96. Sympatric taxa usually occupy different ploidy levels. Populations with 2n = 48 of four subspecies of P. barbata are separated geographically in Patagonia by ssp. barbata with 2n = 72, which occupies the area between them. 846 cultivated plants and 312 herbarium collections have been measured. Numerical taxonomic methods were used, employing both sets of measurements. Statistics are used in keys and descriptions.
The Late Quaternary history of Rhamnus frangula in Norway
Authors: Moe Dagfinn
Published: March 2008

Finds of pollen and macrofossils of Rhamnus frangula L. from Eem and Holocene are discussed and compared with the present pollen production and dispersal of the species, and its present distribution. It is presumed that there was little difference between the potential distribution area of R. frangula and its actual geographical range because of its rapid spread during Preboreal and Boreal in South Norway. A small, temporary expansion of R. frangula occurred around 5 500 BP in a mountain valley in W Norway. A simultaneous local expansion of the species has been registered in Vestvågøy, Nordland county, N Norway. In these two areas, which are outside its present distribution, the maximum of R. frangula is dated to between 5 000 and 4 800 BP. The maxima of R. frangula in profiles from other Norwegian areas are discussed. Factors such as changes in climatic condition, in–filling stages of local successions in the sedimentation basins, or human activity may explain the differences found.
Ecology of phylloplane and litter fungi of triticale
Authors: Garg A. P. , Sharma P. D.
Published: March 2008

Quantitative as well as qualitative variations in fungal floras were observed at different stages of leaf and litter colonisation, and during different seasons. Total number of fungi increased with leaf age. Yeasts and yeast–like fungi were uncommon and filamentous forms predominated in the phylloplane. The common phylloplane fungi grew actively and sporulated on surfaces of green leaves. Distinct succession of fungi was observed both on the leaf surface and inside the leaf. Four groups of fungal colonisers were recognised, Dematiaceous hyphomycetes constituted the major part of the mycoflora.
Experimental field studies on the ecology of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Fucophyceae, Scytosiphonales) in Denmark
Authors: Kristiansen Aase
Published: March 2008

Experimental field studies on the ecology of Scytosiphon lomentaria have been carried out in two types of Danish localities during 1981 and 1982: a sheltered and shallow fiord with a scanty vegetation, and a more exposed locality with a rather dense vegetation. Colonization experiments have been made by depositing artificial substrates several times during spring and autumn in both localities. These showed that Scytosiphon lomentaria is able to colonize and develop, i.e. produce prostrate systems with erect thalli under long–day as well as under short–day conditions, and even to become fertile. Transplantation experiments between the two localities have been made in both directions in spring and autumn. These proved that the transplanted prostrate systems are able to sprout into erect thalli in accordance with the normal seasonal distribution in the new locality. The difference in seasonal occurrence is thus environmentally determined.

Quantitative culture studies have confirmed that erect thalli develop independently of daylength.
Morphology of the arctic, planktonic Navicula pelagica (Bacillariophyceae), with special reference to the “setae”
Authors: Syvertsen Erik E.
Published: March 2008

The arctic, marine, planktonic diatom Navicula pelagica Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) forms colonies slightly similar to those of Chaetoceros. The structures resembling setae are dislocated bands of the epithecae, attached by their ligula area to the central mucilage pad that keeps the cells together in colonies.
Microlecane (Sch. Bip.) Benth.: a congener of Bidens (Compositae – Heliantheae)
Authors: Tadesse Mesfin
Published: March 2008

The systematic position of the genus Microlecane (Sch. Bip.) Benth. within the Coreopsidineae (Compositae–Heliantheae) is reviewed. It is found to be congeneric with Bidens L., and the three ‘species’ described for it are transferred to this genus. Microlecane abyssinica (Sch. Bip.) Benth. ex Oliv. & Hiern is Bidens setigera (Sch. Bip.) Sherff and M. occidentalis Hutch. & Dalz. becomes B. occidentalis (Hutch. & Dalz.) Mesfin, comb. nov. M. carinata Hutch., based on three syntypes, is shown to be heterogeneous. Two of the syntypes belong to Coreopsis schimperi O. Hoffm. (non Bidens schimperi Sch. Bip.) for which the name B. carinata Cuf. ex Mesfin has recently been proposed. The third syntype of M. carinata belongs to a completely unrelated species. Brief historical notes, typifications, descriptions, notes on distributions and habitats, and distribution maps are provided.
Taxonomy and cytology of the genus Ornithogalum (Liliaceae) in East Africa
Authors: Stedje Brita , Nordal Inger
Published: March 2008

The following taxa are represented in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda): Ornithogalum donaldsonii (Rendle) Greenway (2n=20), O. gracillimum R. E. Fries, O. tenuifolium Delaroche ssp. sordidum (Bak.) Stedje comb. nov. (2n=16), and O. tenuifolium Delaroche ssp. robustum Stedje ssp. nov. (2n = 12).
Occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in Norway
Authors: Frøyen Ove Johan , Langvad Finn
Published: March 2008

The distribution of eleven dictyostelid cellular slime molds found in Norway was studied. They were divided into four groups according to their dominance. In decreasing order the groups were: (1) two varieties of Dictyostelium mucoroides, (2) D. aureostipes and Polysphondylium violaceum, (3) D. fasciculatum, D. minutum, P. pallidum and Dictyostelium sp. 1, and (4) Dictyostelium sp. 2 and 3 and Acytostelium lep–tosomum. Differences in distribution related to altitudes and latitudes, climates and dominant tree species were observed for some species.
Maytenus eritreana sp. nov. and M. addat (Loes.) comb. nov. (Celastraceae) from northern Ethiopia
Authors: Demissew Sebsebe
Published: March 2008

The new species Maytenus eritreana Sebsebe is described from northern Ethiopia. The new combination M. addat (Loes.) Sebsebe is made; this species occurs in the central and southern highlands of Ethiopia. The distribution of the two species is mapped.
Aristolochia helix sp.nov. (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Phuphathanaphong Leena
Published: March 2008

A new species of Aristolochiaceae, Aristolochia helix, is described from Thailand and contrasted to its nearest ally, A. arenicola.
Vegetation changes of a Danish mire 1957–1981
Authors: Hansen Kjeld , Madsen Kaj Juhl
Published: March 2008

A Danish mire influenced by culture until ca. 100 years ago and since then with incipient growth of Betula pubescens, was analyzed in 1957 and 1981 with regard to height of the Betula trees and cover percentage of plant species in the field layer. In 1957, every m2 along a 110 m transect was examined; in 1981 only 56 m2 representatively selected from the transect were examined. Betula showed considerable changes with a net intake of 10 trees (23%) and a net loss of 23 trees (52%), i.e. a net loss of 13 trees (30%). The mean height of the trees has, however, increased by 80 cm and the sum of the height of the trees per m2 by 29 cm. An increased total cover was found for Em–petrum nigrum, Molinia coerulea, and Erica tetralix, and a decreased total cover for Calluna, Sphagnum magellanicum, S. nemoreum, S. rubellum, Hypnum cupressi–forme, Pleurozium schreberi, and Aulacomnium palustre. An almost unchanged total cover was found for Eriophorum vaginatum, E. angustifolium, Sphagnum recurvum, Andromeda polifolia, Drosera rotundifolia, and Oxycoccus palustris. On the basis of quantitative changes in the individual plots, a specific index of change is calculated, decreasing in the order Empetrum > Sphagnum magellanicum > S. recurvum=Molinia > Calluna > Hypnum cupressiforme > Pleurozium schreberi> Oxycoccus palustre> Sphagnum nemoreum = S. rubellum = Eriophorum vaginatum = E. angustifolium > Aulacomnium palustre > Erica> Drosera > Andromeda. Analyses from 1981 demonstrate that usually the light conditions and/or the water content and rarely the bulk density of the soil is correlated with the change in cover of the individual species. For some species it is also shown that the change is correlated with the strongly increased cover of Empetrum in particular. The changes are finally illustrated by showing the position of the species along ecological gradients in 1981.
Natural and man–made radionuclide concentrations in lichens at several locations in Austria
Authors: Eckl P. , Türk R. , Hofmann W.
Published: March 2008

Regions of elevated natural radioactivity (Gastein–valley, Waldviertel) were compared to regions of low natural radioactivity (surroundings of Salzburg City). The natural radionuclides 238U, 40K and 7Be and the man–made nuclides 137Cs, 144Ce, 95Ze95Nb were measured by gamma ray spectrometry. No statistically significant difference was found between samples of the Gastein–valley, Waldviertel, Salzburg, Grossarl and Dachstein concerning the content of natural radionuclides. The amount of the short–lived fission products 144Ce, 95Zr–95Nb as well as of the natural 7Be increased with altitude. The specific nuclide concentration varies with species but was almost independent of growth form and substrate.
Acarospora intricata and A. wahlenbergii (Acarosporaceae) in Scandinavia
Authors: Tinidal Einar
Published: March 2008

The taxonomy of the lichens Acarospora intricata and A. wahlenbergii is discussed, A. wahlenbergii is lectotypified, and the Scandinavian distribution of the two species is revised. The species differ in the type of paraphyses, the shape of the apothecia, and thallus chemistry. Two chemical strains of A. intricata, a psoromic acid strain and an acid deficient strain, are recorded. Psoromic acid is new to the Acarosporaceae.
Nutrient growth conditions for Oscillatoria spp. and diatoms in two Norwegian lakes
Authors: Bjørndalen Knut , Løvsta Øivind
Published: March 2008

The growth conditions and development of Asterionella formosa Hass., Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz., Fragilaria crotonensis Kitt., and Oscillatoria spp. have been studied in Lake Vansjø and Lake Mjøsa for many years. Some batch culture experiments have been performed with dilute phytoplankton populations in filtered water samples to support the field data. The results indicate that the concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, silicate or chelators/Fe were important factors regulating the spatial and temporal distribution of the populations. Based on the assumption that the growth rates were strongly dependent on the external nutrient concentration, S, the growth conditions were divided into three types. The nutrient concentration may be too low to support growth, i.e. the growth rate k ≤ 0, or the population is nutrient growth limited (0 < k < km) or not growth limited, i.e. the population has maximum growth rate (km). The nutrient concentration may be population density dependent, i.e. resource competition may occur, or density independent separately or in combination. The growth strategies of the populations in the two lakes were partly explained by studying the nutrient growth conditions of the populations.
Ultrastructure of Draparnaldia glomerata (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyceae) II. Mitosis and cytokinesis
Authors: Lokhorst Gijsbert M. , Bakker Margreet E. , Star Wim
Published: March 2008

The mitosis and cytokinesis ofDraparnaldia glomerataas examined here by transmission electron microscopy are in many aspects similar to those described earlier for other chaetophoralean algae. The standard chaetophoralean model of the mechanism of mitosis/cytokinesis is described in detail. Characteristic in this pattern is the movement of sets of centrioles towards the nuclear poles followed by a proliferation of extranuclear microtubules at prophase, the (partial) fusion of centrioles with the spindle poles at metaphase and anaphase, the simultaneous separation of chromosomes apparently caused by both spindle elongation and shortening of the chromosomal microtubules at anaphase, the expulsion of the centrioles by daughter nuclei and finally the non–persistent spindle at telophase. Cytokinesis takes place by formation of a cell plate associated with phycoplast microtubules. The possible function of the phycoplast in cytokinesis inDraparnaldiais discussed.
Vegetational changes on two eroding banks of a short‐term regulated river reservoir in northern Sweden
Authors: Grelsson Gunnel
Published: March 2008

This study deals with the vegetational changes and the course of erosion on two types of river banks bordering a river reservoir, in northern Sweden. The water‐level has been short‐term regulated since 1961, with an amplitude of about 3 m in the uppermost reaches of the reservoir and about 1 m furthest downstream. The pattern of regulation includes both a weekly and a daily rhythm. The banks of the river reservoir have been cut in fine‐grained sediments. The two sites selected for study were (1) a formerly littoral area (2) a formerly dry‐land area. Percentage cover and number of shoots were determined annually within belt transects subdivided into 10 times 10 cm quadrats, during the period 1977–1981.

The course of bank erosion was initiated and mainly continued by water movements. In the formerly littoral area, erosion proceeded only slowly, whereas in the formerly dry‐land area erosion was rapid and the bank was continuously being undercut, leading to the formation of an overhanging mat of vegetation. As erosion progressed, this overhanging mat split up and slumped down into the reservoir. The vegetational changes on the overhang were considerable, while the terrace maintained a more stable vegetation cover. In the long‐term, the composition of the vegetation on the former littoral river‐bank remained more stable than on that cut into the former dry‐land area. The break‐up of the vegetation cover on the overhang also initiated secondary vegetational successions on the exposed soil. Considerable differences in the vegetation cover were also recorded from one year to the next. These differences were considered to be mainly due to differences in the rate and local course of erosion. Annual differences in the rhythm and/or amplitude of the fluctuations in water‐level were considered to be less important in this respect.
The identity of Ctenophrynium K. Schum. (Marantaceae)
Authors: Andersson Lennart
Published: March 2008

Ctenophrynium unilaterale (Baker) K. Schum. was described from cultivated material reported to have been brought from Madagascar. It has recently been recollected in the state of Bahía, SE Brazil. A reexamination shows good agreement with the Brazilian genus Saranthe (Regel & Koern.) Eichl. The recombination Saranthe unilateralis (Baker) L. Anderss. is made and the genus Ctenophrynium is reduced to a synonym of Saranthe. The plant is redescribed and illustrated.
The ecology of Danish soil inhabiting Pezizales with emphasis on edaphic conditions
Authors: Petersen P. M.
Published: March 2008

The occurrence of 93 species of soil inhabiting Pezizales was studied on the basis of 699 site descriptions and soil samples, the latter analyzed for 15 edaphic variables. For species represented by 10 samples or more, the median value of each of the edaphic variables is given, and the range of pH, water soluble Al, CaCO3, and 0.2 N H2SO4‐soluble P. For species represented by from 5 to 9 samples the range of pH and organic matter is given. 13 habitat types are described. The verges of forest roads proved to be the most important habitat type (247 sites, 57 species). The distribution in Denmark of 20 common species is compared with the geographical variation in quaternary and prequaternary geology, and with the distribution of soil types. It is concluded that the importance in the investigation area of disturbed ground as a habitat for soil inhabiting Pezizales is due to unleached mineral soil being brought to the surface, creating edaphic conditions favourable to a large number of species. ‐ Although it is impossible, on the basis of the present investigation, to state definitively whether one or more edaphic variables are of particular importance in determining the occurrence of the species, there are certain indications that pH ‐ and in some cases organic matter ‐ are of special significance. A grouping of the species into five ecological groups on the basis of the median value of pH and organic matter is proposed. The habitats of soil inhabiting Pezizales in the investigation area and in other parts of the world are compared.
Ultrastructure of Licea kleistobolus (Myxomycetes) and its bearing on the taxonomic affinity of the species
Authors: Gilert Elisabeth
Published: March 2008

The peridium of Licea kleistobolus Martin consists of two distinct layers. Abundant refuse matter is evenly distributed on the surface of the fructification. The upper surface of the operculum is smooth and punctated by pores of variable size. The internal structure of the operculum is essentially the same as that of the peridium. Processes along the periphery of the lower surface of the operculum and along the upper edge of the sporangium function as an opening mechanism. The operculum bears hollow finger‐like outgrowths and rounded warts, both being continuous with the inner wall of the operculum. The results of a SEM‐ and TEM‐study indicate that the two different types of processes are homologous structures. Similarity between aberrant cap‐illitial outgrowths along the margin of lobes in Listerella paradoxa Jahn and the processes bordering the sporangial edge and periphery of the operculum in L. kleistobolus, indicates affinity of the two species.
Taxonomy and cytology of the genus Albuca (Hyacinthaceae) in East Africa
Authors: Knudtzon Signe H. , Stedje Brita
Published: March 2008

The following taxa are represented in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda): Albuca kirkii (Bak.) Brenan (2n = 18), A. abyssinica Murr. (2n = 18, 36), A. tenuis Knudtzon sp. nov. (2n = 18). The general haploid karyotype is 3L + 6S. The two first species are fairly heterogenous, with characteristic facies in local populations, but with little or no constant correlation of characters over wide areas. Infraspecific incompatibility is observed, but only slightly combined with differences in morphology or level of ploidy.
A new species of Kanahia (Asclepidiaceae) with a reconsideration of the genus
Authors: Field D. , Friis I. , Gilbert M. G.
Published: March 2008

A new species, K. carlsbergiana, is described in what is currently considered a monotypic genus. The new species is only known from permanent streams in the Arssi and Bale regions of S Ethiopia. The delimitation and position of the genus is reconsidered in light of the additional information provided by the new species. The distinctiveness of the genus is reconfirmed whilst no new clues to possible relationships with other genera were observed. The taxonomy of the other species, K. laniflora (Forssk.) R. Br., is also briefly reconsidered.
A phytosociological study of a mid‐altitude heath in County Durham, Northern England
Authors: Hughes J. C. , Huntley B.
Published: March 2008

A phytosociological survey of Hedleyhope Fell, a mid‐Durham heath, was carried out. Much of the Fell is rank Nardus grassland, with damper Juncus and Eriophorum patches. Disturbed areas to the west are covered by poor Agrostis/Trifolium/Festuca grasslands. The eastern end of the Fell forms a locally valuable area of heathland. 115 relevés were taken and 131 species of plant recorded. Classification by two‐way indicator species analysis suggested the delimitation of 19 noda. The principal ordination axes, produced by detrended correspondence analysis, emphasised the importance of soil moisture gradients, organic/mineral soil gradients and levels of disturbance in determining the vegetation. The Fell, at 300 m, falls between the lowland heaths of southern England and the upland mires of the north. Indeed, its vegetation contains some assemblages and species characteristic of both habitats. The heaths of central, mid‐altitude County Durham are found where the coal measures lie close to the surface and so this habitat type has suffered extensively from opencast mining activity in the recent past. Proposed opencast sites, if they go ahead, will destroy the Fell.
Cheiromycina flabelliformis gen. et sp. nov. on Picea from Sweden
Authors: Sutton Brian C. , Muhr Lars‐Erik
Published: March 2008

The new genus Cheiromycina, based on the new species C. flabelliformis is described and illustrated from Picea wood in Sweden. It is characterized by eustromatic sporochial conidiomata, a thick‐walled branched conidiogenous system and holobastic flabelliform to palmate, hyaline to pale brown, distoseptate conidia. It is compared and contrasted with several similar deuteromycetes, especially on coniferous substrates.
Hybridization in the genera Vulpia and Festuca (Poaceae): meiotic behaviour of artificial hybrids
Authors: Barker C. M. , Stace C. A.
Published: March 2008

The course of meiosis, including an analysis of chromosome configurations, is described for five diploid × diploid Vulpia crosses, five tetraploid × diploid Vulpia crosses, one hexaploid × diploid Festuca×Vulpia cross, one tetraploid × hexaploid Vulpia×Festuca cross, and one hexaploid × hexaploid Vulpia×Festuca cross. In most cases there was 97.5% or more pollen sterility, but two heptaploid plants obtained (presumably by non‐reduction) from a hexaploid × diploid cross had about 60% stainable pollen. In the diploid hybrids pairing was quite extensive, and in V. ligustica×V. geniculata it was more or less as in the parent species (mode 7 bivalents, with regular separation). In the triploid hybrids the modal situation was 7 bivalents + 7 univalents, but evidence concerning the genomes which were pairing was equivocal. Evidence from the crosses at higher ploidy levels shows that both homogenetic and heterogenetic pairing does occur, although the relative amounts are uncertain. The results in general support the current classsification of Vulpia, except that they suggest the removal of V. alopecuros from section Loretia.
Cytotaxonomic investigations on some species of the genus Galium (Rubiaceae) from the Balkans
Authors: Kliphuis Edske
Published: March 2008

The results of a cytological and morphological investigation on the following species of the genus Galium L. collected in the Balkans are described and discussed: Sect. Platygalium Koch: G. rotundifolium L. and G. boreale L.; Sect. Aparinoides (Jord.) Gren.: G. palustre L.; Sect. Leiogalium Ledeb.: G. heldreichii Hal., G. lovcense Ur., G. album Mill. with the ssp. album, pycnotrichum (H.Br.) Krendl and prusense (C. Koch) Ehrend. et Krendl, G. lucidum All., G. corrudifolium Vill., G. scabrifolium (Boiss.) Hausskn., G. procurrens Ehrend., G. schultesii Vest, and G. bulgaricum Velen.; Sect. Kolgyda Dumort.: G. aparine L., G. intricatum Margot et Reut., G. parisiense L., G. divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam. and G. tenuissimum Bieb.
Scalesia gordilloi sp. nov. (Asteraceae) from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
Authors: Hamann Ole , Wium‐Andersen Søren
Published: March 2008

Scalesia gordilloi is described from Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. It has a restricted, local distribution along the south coast in arid zone vegetation. It is related to S. divisa Anderss. and S. incisa Hook. f. The taxonomic relationships of S. gordilloi are discussed.

Scalesia gordilloi está descrita desde la isla San Cristóbal, Islas Galápagos, Ecuador. Tiene una distribución limitada y local al lado de la costa sur en la zona vegetal árida. Está relacionada a S. divisa Anderss. y S. incisa Hook. f. Se discute la taxonomía de S. gordilloi.
Attempted hybridization between Polysiphonia fibrillosa and P. violacea (Bangiophyceae) from Denmark; with culture studies primarily on P. fibrillosa
Authors: Koch Claus
Published: March 2008

Polysiphonia fibrillosa (Dillw.) Spreng. and P. violacea (Roth) Spreng. were shown to have a “Polysiphonia‐type” of life history in culture. They retained their morphological characteristics when grown for three generations under identical conditions and were shown to be separated by a sterility barrier. It is concluded that merging of the two taxa into one species is unwarranted. P. fibrillosa was cultured at various light intensities and temperatures and the growth compared. The production of specialized propagules, as well as other means of asexual reproduction, is reported for P. fibrillosa.