bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Awareness, Prevalence and Frequency of Daily Physical Activity and Its Association with Stroke in Young Adult Population
Authors: Sai Sanjith A  , Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj
Published: September 2020

Stroke is a medical condition affecting the brain. It occurs when the blood supply to the brain or part of the brain is stopped or reduced, preventing the brain cells from getting oxygen. As the neurons are the most sensitive cells in the body, they tend to die after cessation of oxygen supply for a very few minutes. Several remedial measures are available for this medical emergency at the time of stroke and even after that. It is believed that the stroke recurs after time and thus preparatory and cautionary steps to be carried out for survival. Among that daily physical activity seems to have a greater positive approach towards stroke survivors. In general, physical activity is an essential part of human life which many people neglect. But it has an underlying significance for human life and healthy well-being. It maintains the body's health condition free of certain diseases too. Thus, this study attempts to analyze the awareness and to knowledge the people about the association between stroke and daily physical activity.
Knowledge and Awareness of Mercury Spill Management Among Dental Students
Authors: Ashna yuvaraj  , Kavitha S  , Gayathri R
Published: September 2020

Dental professionals get exposed to mercury as an occupational hazard which is still unaddressed by the public health system in India. Mercury is very toxic to the human nervous system and its exposure leads to adverse health effects when it is exposed for a prolonged time. This study was conducted to assess work practices involving mercury and bring awareness of mercury spill management among dental students. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared to analyze the knowledge and awareness of mercury spill management among dental students and it was circulated through an online platform google forms. The collected data were using SPSS software. The results of the survey showed that about 41% of the respondents were aware of the mercury spill management, 59% of the students performed amalgam restoration, 39% of the respondents were using mercury spill kit to avoid mercury exposure. Most of the students participated in the survey were not aware of the of mercury. The Pearson chi square analysis showed that the majority of the first and second-year students and all the intern students were aware of mercury spill management. The knowledge and awareness among dental students on mercury spill management is moderate. Hence, awareness should be created at the primary level for the students from the initial years of dentistry.
Awareness about low back pain among Dentists
Authors: Nithyanandham Masilamani  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: September 2020

Musculoskeletal disorders have increased progressively due to various etiological factors. Several occupational factors have been accepted as causatives to these disorders. In dentists, constrained and inconvenient spinal position for back pain, repetitive posture for neck and shoulder pain, and stress are considered as the common causative factors for back, cervical and shoulder complaints. Lower back pain (LBP) is a serious occupational hazard affecting the dentists. This survey was performed with the purpose of assessing the awareness of lower back pain and their remedial measures among dentists. A cross-sectional survey was done with a self-administered questionnaire with ten questions circulated among 100 middle-aged dentists aged between 35-50 years. The questionnaire involved information on lower back pain. The responses were recorded and analyzed.89% of the respondents were aware of the dangerous effects of lower back pain .60 % said lower back pain is because of excessive bending,6% said because of wrong sitting posture and 34% said because of wrong standing posture during treatment .84 % feel four-handed dentistry can reduce the incidence of lower back pain .65% of the respondents have some low back pain.45% said analgesics as a treatment for lower back pain,30% said physiotherapy and 25% said exercise as the management for lower back pain. There is an adequate amount of awareness among dentists regarding low back pain. Many are suffering from it, increased therapeutic programs should be undertaken to treat this problem.
Awareness on the wound healing effects of curcumin therapy among dental students
Authors: Nithyanandham Masilamani  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: September 2020

Turmeric also known as Curcuma longa is a rhizome used commonly in traditional medicines for decades to treat a number of inflammatory disorders and other ailments. Its therapeutic properties were primarily attributable to curcuminoids. The purpose of the study was for assessment of awareness of Curcumin's wound healing effects amongst dental students. A cross sectional study was done with a self-administered questionnaire comprising of 10 questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about wound healing effects Curcumin therapy, their effect on collagen expression, the effect on neovascularization, effect on reepithelization and effect on free radical scavenging. The responses were recorded and analysed.78% of the respondents were not aware of the wound healing effects of curcumin therapy. 84% were not aware of the effect of curcumin in collagen expression. 88% were not aware of the effect of curcumin on neovascularization. 80% were not aware of the effect of curcumin on reepithelization. 94% were not aware of the effect of curcumin on free radical scavenging. The awareness about the use of Curcumin therapy in wound healing applications is very less among dental students. Increased awareness programs and sensitization and continuing dental education programs along with greater importance to the curricular modifications should be incorporated to improve the awareness levels.
DIPLOMASI PUBLIK SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENGGALANG DUKUNGAN INTERNASIONAL BAGI PALESTINA
Authors: Livia Giasinta
Published: September 2020

The preference of states to use public diplomacy strategy to support the realization of their national interests has become an international phenomenon nowadays. Public diplomacy in the modern era of International Relations turns out to be an instrument for states to exercise their soft power, as well as to convey specific messages intended for the international public. Thus, public diplomacy could be an alternative way for states that had serious barriers in practicing formal diplomacy in conventional ways. Palestine, as an entity whose legal status remains debatable,

also utilizes public diplomacy as its strategy to gain support and recognition from the international community. This paper would aim to answer the

research question on how Palestine exercises its public diplomacy, particularly digital diplomacy and citizen diplomacy, to gain international

recognition for its statehood. By means of the use of social media and the exposure on Palestine’s internationally well-known figure, Palestine is building

a perception that Palestine itself is a state with no difference with the other states — therefore deserves independence and total sovereignty over

its territory.
The Future of Child Refugees in Europe
Authors: Natania Agatha Lydia
Published: September 2020

Krisis pengungsi yang terjadi di Eropa telah menarik perhatian dunia internasional. Di antara berbagai pengungsi dengan latar belakang yang berbeda-beda, banyak anak terpaksa meninggalkan negaranya dan menempuh jalan yang berbahaya agar sampai di tanah Eropa. Bahkan, banyak dari antara mereka tidak pernah sampai di tempat tujuannya atau kehilangan anggota keluarganya. Berdasarkan pentingnya jaminan keamanan dan keselamatan para pengungsi anak-anak tersebut, karya tulis ini akan fokus pada pemetaan kebutuhan mereka. Argumen utama pada karya tulis ini adalah kondisi pemenuhan kebutuhan para pengungsi anak-anak tidak merata, sehingga diperlukan adanya tindakan terkoordinasi antara para pemangku kepentingan untuk menjamin keselamatan para pengungsi anak-anak ini. Selain itu, pentingnya aspek pendidikan juga akan dibahas untuk menekankan pentingnya perencanaan masa depan mereka. Karya tulis ini akan menggunakan teori keamanan manusia untuk menjelaskan hak para pengungsi anak-anak untuk mendapatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan mereka. Pemenuhan kebutuhan pengungsi anakanak perlu dipertimbangkan secara menyeluruh dan dikoordinasikan dengan baik.
Analisis Efektivitas Implementasi Sustainable Development Goals ke-9 dalam Industrialisasi Pertanian di Rwanda
Authors: Basundoro Alfin Febrian , Ramadhani Allysa
Published: September 2020

Africa has great potential for development with its human and natural resources potential. Many African countries, including Rwanda, have protractedly relied on agriculture as their main source of income; however, the agricultural sector within the region has not faced thorough development due to, for example, limited progress in both agroindustries and agribusiness. Supported by technology and human resources development, global agriculture has progressed rapidly, and agriculture has become a strategic aspect of several national policies. In addition, several international institutions—such as the United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) —have formed various frameworks related to the sector. Utilizing approaches that address problems of human security and food security, this paper explains whether Rwanda’s agricultural industrialization methods are in line with both the four FAO-UNIDO agricultural industrialization pillars and also the ninth Sustainable Development Goals on infrastructure, industry, and innovation
The Night Wolves : Klub Motor Patriotis Milik Rusia
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Fahmi Hawari
Published: September 2020

In February 2014, The Night Wolves Motorcycle Club, Rusia’s first and largest Motorcycle Club, became one of the Non-state Actors who played a role in Rusia’s military operation to annex Crimea although in 1989 they protested against the Soviet Union governance and called for freedom of the people. This paper aimed to explore the evolution of the Night Wolves Motorcycle Club from the protester of Russia’s government to a patriotic organization who support the government, describe the ideology of the Night Wolves motorcycle club, and analyzes the role of the Night Wolves motorcycle club in Ukraine. In addition, this article will explore the Rusian’s “Putin’s Sistema” as a way to outsource the non-state actors to help Rusia in any of its policy which talks about the reason why an actor in international scope is doing something based on its ideology and norm. This paper will use social movement as its theory.
The Utilization of Cryptocurrencies by the Terrorist Group as an Alternative Way of Hawala for Illicit Purposes
Authors: Ridwan Raihan Zahirah
Published: September 2020

Kemajuan bidang teknologi dan komunikasi pada kenyataannya banyak disalahgunakan oleh kelompok teroris. Kelompok teroris menggunakan salah satu teknologi transaksi keuangan daring berupa cryptocurrency untuk tujuan ilegal. Hal ini dikarenakan tradisi hawala yang sudah tidak memungkinkan lagi untuk dilakukan dan terdapat beberapa prinsip cryptocurrency yang memberikan peluang lebih besar bagi kelompok teroris untuk bertransaksi serta mencari dana untuk kegiatan operasional mereka. Makalah ini ingin menjawab bagaimana kelompok teroris menggunakan kecanggihan teknologi saat ini berupa cryptocurrency sebagai jalan alternatif dari tradisi hawala untuk tujuan ilegal, dan apa bentuk tindakan penanganan yang baik bagi masalah ini. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cryptocurrency dari sisi sistem, cara penggunaan, tradisi transaksi tradisional hawala, dan bentuk konkret penggunaan cryptocurrency oleh kelompok teroris. Makalah ini juga akan membahas tentang peluang aktor non negara lainnya seperti perusahaan teknologi swasta dalam membantu menangani penyalahgunaan cryptocurrency. Makalah ini menggunakan organizational approach terorisme dan konsep digital counterterrorism.
Access to health care for patients with thalassaemia in Greece: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Souliotis Kyriakos , Golna Christina , Nikolaidi Sofia , Vatheia Georgia
Published: September 2020

Background: The prevalence and clinical burden of beta-thalassaemia in Greece is high. Little information is available on the unmet needs of patients with beta-thalassaemia and barriers to access to care. Aims: This study investigated barriers that patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia in Greece face when accessing care and the associations between socioeconomic factors and access to care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and January 2019. The sample consisted of 116 beta-thalassaemia patient-members of two Panhellenic patient associations for people with thalassaemia. All respondents were transfusion-dependent. The survey customized and used the Patient Access Partnership 5As of access tool to measure participants’ access to health care services (subscales: accessibility, adequacy, affordability, appropriateness and availability). Data on their socioeconomic characteristics were also recorded. The association between the total score of each subscale and patient characteristics was examined using the Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Respondents considered inpatient services less adequate and appropriate, and outpatient services and laboratory tests less affordable. Outpatient services were also perceived as less available. Participants’ income was statistically significantly associated with all the subscales except accessibility, and rural residence was significantly associated with all five subscales. Conclusion: Barriers in access to health care among beta-thalassaemia patients receiving transfusions still persist, especially for those who live far from transfusion centres and have lower incomes. It is important to understand and map current unmet medical and social needs of beta-thalassaemia patients in Greece, in order to design and implement a targeted health policy that can measurably improve patients’ lives.
GENESIS OF THE MILITARY-JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF RUSSIA: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL STUDY
Authors: Grigoriev Oleg
Published: September 2020

This article, based on an analysis of the problematic issues of the formation of Russian military justice, substantiates the role and place of military courts in maintaining discipline and law and order in the Armed Forces of Russia. It is suggested that military courts have received powers not characteristic of pre-existing military judicial bodies in their entire more than 300-year history. Namely, to accept and consider in court statements with complaints of military personnel on actions and decisions of the military command, military officials.
Pemikiran Hadis di Indonesia (Studi Analisis Terhadap Pemikiran Nahdlatul Ulama)
Authors: Dozan Wely , Habibi M. Dani
Published: September 2020

This article examines NU which is an organizational structure among Muslims who have trends in applying Islamic law. One of the foundations of the Nahdlatul  Ulama in establishing Islamic law has never been separated from the context of the Qur'an, Hadith, Ijma 'of the Companions and Qiyas. So the outline in taking the source of Islamic law is related to the hadith problem which is made as a reference in the sense of Nu in using hadith as the legal basis for four schools, moreover the usual lower hadith, dha'if hadith is used as a source search method law. Taking in the community often discussed the system of extracting Islamic legal sources. We will analyze this short article by analyzing the methods that are used at the same time in order to find out the hadiths used in applying the source of Islamic. The results of this study show that the hadith in the perspective of NU scholars is as a reference to Islamic law and that the hadith has a strong blasphemy based on the study of sanad, matan, and rawi as well as the quality and quantity of hadith based on methods in attributing Islamic law.Keywords: NahdlatulUlama, Hadith, Method.
Sex Hormones Changes in Blood and Their Effect on Fecundity of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) after Being Injected with Different Doses of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Hormone
Authors: Saleh Hamed H.E. , Semaida Ahmed I. , Zidan Sayed R.S. , Abou-Zied Ramadan M. , Allam Sobhy M.
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dosesinjection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone on fecundityand serum sex hormones (FSH, LH, estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4),testosterone (T)) of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). African catfishspawners were intermuscularly injected with different doses of HCG(500, 1500, 3000, 6000 IU/kg female), and group is not injected as acontrol; males were injected at half the female dose. The results showedthat, fish group injected by 6000 IU HCG/ kg female had the highestgonadsomatic index, absolute fecundity and relative fecundity, while,the lowest value of absolute fecundity and relative fecundity wererecorded with 500 IU HCG/ kg female. The group injected with thehighest amount of HCG (6000 IU/ kg female) recorded the lowest valuefrom egg diameter, while the highest egg diameter was observed in 500IU HCG/ kg female. In females, the group injected with 6000 IU HCG/kg female reflected the lowest level of FSH and the highest level of LHand the highest level of P4 compared to other treatments. Level of Trecorded the highest level with 1500 IU HCG/ kg female. The controlgroup reflected the highest level of FSH and E2, while the control groupreflected the lowest level of T and P4 level. In males, serum FSH, LH,P4 and E2 in male groups injected with HCG were relatively higher thanthose recorded in the control group. The highest level of T was recordedin treatment injected with the highest dose of HCG and decreased inother treatments until recorded the lowest level of T in the controlgroup. It was observed, HCG hormone has successfully and accelerateinduced spawning in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and increasedin reproductive performance with the increase in HCG dosage and ascompared to group not injected.
Median lethal dose and sub-chronic toxicity profile of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaf hexane and ethyl acetate fractionated extracts on albino rats
Authors: Ibrahim Sani  , Rabi’u Aliyu Umar  , Rabi’u Aliyu Umar  , Umar Zaki Faruq  , Fatima Bello
Published: September 2020

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) is a multipurpose medicinal plant, traditionally used in the treatment of various human ailments. This plant is tagged as having high toxicity profile, and the toxicity might be related to the polarity nature of the solvent used for extraction. Hence, this research was aimed at screening the toxicity profile of Azadirachta indica leaf fractionated extracts using Albino rats. A. indica leaf was collected, authenticated and extracted using 95 % methanol then fractionated with hexane and ethyl acetate. Median lethal dose (LD50) of each fraction was determined using single oral dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) to five (5) rats. For the sub-chronic toxicity screening, the fractions were administered to groups of rats at different concentrations. Group 1 served as control, groups 2-5 received 900, 1800, 2700 and 3600 mg/kg b. wt. respectively. After 28 days, biochemical indices of hepatic and renal functions as well as haematological and histopathological parameters were analyzed. LD50 of each of the fractions was greater-than 5000 mg/kg b. wt. All the extract fractions at the administered doses, significantly (P<0.05) altered the serum levels of some biochemical indices of the hepatic and renal functions, as well as the levels of some haematological parameters. For the histopathology, hepatic congestion, periportal inflammation, distortion, infiltration and haemorrhage were observed at 1800-3600 mg/kg b. wt. Hence, these results indicated that using hexane or ethyl acetate as solvent of extraction, A. indica leaf extracts might not be considered safe at the administered sub-chronic doses.
Understanding of Islamic Studies Through Textual and Contextual Approaches
Authors: Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan , Ulama’i Ahmad  Hasan Asy’ari
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe Islamic studies through two approaches both are textual and contextual approaches. The method used in this study was a literature research approach. The results of literature research was shown that at current time a religion is always used as the foundation of humanity to answer the complexity of their problems, the Qur’an is always used as the theological and praxis foundation for Muslims in answering it. The form of the Qur’an as a normative text gives rise to multiple interpretations from people who are readers, this results in the emergence of textualist and contextual groups in the scientific domain of Islamic studies. Textualist schools try to purify the practice of the Qur’an through the insider meanings and meanings of the Qur’an itself without involving understanding or reasoning with reality, whereas contextualist schools of thought seek to dialogue the Qur’anic texts with dynamic social realities. Whereas a comprehensive interpretation should be carried out by using two approaches simultaneously in order to produce actual and factual Islamic studies and to make the content of the Qur’an truly relevant to facts or phenomena that are happening anytime and anywhere.
Security Architecture for Low Resource Devices in Smart City using Cloud
Authors: Ahmad Dar Muneer
Published: September 2020

The world is moving towards modernization with the help of smart devices used in smart cities to make the whole lot intelligent and smart. These smart devices are extensively used in smart city and are capable of doing everything which one can do with the normal desktop computer. These smart devices likeÂ Smartphone have computational limitations are not able to store a large data to be used and collected in a smart city. In this paper, we propose a novel security architecture which first uses the Elliptic Curve Diffie Helman Key Exchange Algorithms to exchange the keys between the two low power devices (Smartphone). The keys are used to encrypt the large data (images and videos etc). The data is encrypted using the private keys of a device and then send to the cloud for safe storage. The data can be only accessed by the communicating device with the same key. The proposed security architecture enables these smart devices to store the huge data collected from the smart city to store on the cloud. If another device requests the same set of data, the keys can be shared secretly and the communicating device can be allowed to download the data directly from the cloud. This architecture relieves the Smartphone from the storage limitation and also enables it to communicate with faster speed and securely.Â Â Â
Investigating digitized authentic materials: Pre-service teachers� voice
Authors: Purwaningrum Adriani Yulia , Yusuf Fazri Nur
Published: September 2020

Over past few decades, research on authentic materials has been focused on helping teachers provide their learners� teaching materials. Most of the researches in this area explore the benefits and drawbacks of authentic materials utilization in the classroom. This multiple case study aims at investigating benefits of and barriers in using authentic materials presented as a digital media used in their EFL classrooms. Document and an interview were employed to reveal the teachers� perception. The findings indicate although it was considered difficult to find and organize, digitized authentic materials helped teachers in teaching English as a Foreign Language for learners with various levels and backgrounds. Its use could help teachers motivate and promote their students� interest in learning. However, disselection and misuse of it might not meet students� needs and interest in learning. Good teachers� capacity in finding and using the digitized authentic materials could encourage better learning process and students� better learning achievement. Therefore, it is recommended that for the further study, learners� perception also need to be explored.
Instagram post: Writing caption through process approach in developing writing skill
Authors: Avivi Mauliya , Megawati Fika
Published: September 2020

Instagram has some features for supporting English learning process. Posting a picture and adding a caption could be a way for developing writing skill. Instagram users are allowed to write caption through process approach that would guide them to make a good writing. This study aims to find out the effect of Instagram caption through process approach on students� writing skill in recount text. Quasi-experimental design was implemented to the two classes of Multimedia students at one of Indonesian vocational high schools. Each class participated in this study consisted of thirty students. The data collection was taken from tests, pre-test and post-test. Then, it was analyzed using Independent t-test. The result of this study indicates that Instagram caption through process approach gives positive effect for developing English writing skill. More specifically, the students are able to use their Instagram account as an alternative way to learn English by sharing their experience, strengthen their step in writing skill through editing and revising the draft based on the teacher�s feedback, and publish writing product. This study implies that feature in Instagram gives advantages for English teachers and students, and it can be promoted as an attractive educational technology for writing activities.
Peran Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) Dalam Mengembangkan Prospek Wakaf Uang Di Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Since established in 2007, Indonesian waqf Board (BWI) which is based upon the mandate of Law No. 41 of 2004 on waqf has had a significant role in the dynamics of waqf management in Indonesia. However, a significant role still has not been completed. The problems of waqf in Indonesia still exist, especially with regard to waqf money (cash waqf). The study is to answer question; how is the role of Indonesian Waqf Board and any effort which should be done, so that the potential of existing cash waqf in Indonesia can grow and develop. From this research, it can be concluded that the role of Indonesian Waqf Board in developing prospects in Indonesia is less maximal. Waqf money can not be mapped on the following things; First, professional nazhir coaching, particularly against individuals or legal entities who are given authority and responsibility as nazhir of money waqf. To improve the quality of human nazhir resources, it can be needed policies that are tentative, or even a steady, so that taste and look for nazhir usefulness. Second, involving strategic business partners engaged in financial services (especially sharia-based), such as banks, cooperatives, Baitul Maal wal Tamwil (BMT) and the like, in the process of promotion and dissemination of money waqf that is being developed by BWI.Â  All that prospects and public confidence in the waqf money at BWI can flourish.Â Keywords: Cash Waqf, BWI, Nazhir, Law of the RI Number 41 of 2004 on Waqf
Relevansi Pemikiran Ekonomi Yahya Bin Umar Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Modern
Authors: Subhan Moh.
Published: September 2020

Islam as a religion has rules about life and the life of mankind in plenary, although sometimes it is only globally. The dimension of relationship between humans and god is static, while the dimension of relationship between human and social environment is dynamic and flexible. The second dimension of man is given the broader freedom to make rules and regulations according with the circumstance and condition of times by sticking to the rules of Shari'a. This article will try to elaborate the economic thought of Yahya ibn Umar in his book "Ahkam al-Suq", which is of relevance to the conventional economics. The objective of research is to know whether the brilliant idea of Yahya ibn Umar in his time (Century III H) is still relevant to be applied to the modern era or not. Broadly speaking, Yahya bin Umarâ€™s thought on hisbah and matters related to markets such as; al-ta'sir (pricing), ihtikar (hoarding), and siyasah al-ighraq (dumping).Â Keywords: al-Ta'sir (pricing), Ihtikar (hoarding), Siyasah al-Ighraq (dumping)
Implementasi Qawaâ€™id Al-Fiqh Pada Prinsip-Prinsip Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Fageh Achmad
Published: September 2020

To assess and find a sharia law on contemporary issues, including economic activity, it is absolutely required ushul fiqh. Supposing, ushul fiqh is the production process to produce a product of jurisprudence by means of operational standards qawa'id fiqhiyyah. A law of fiqih can not be removed from the proposition/source (the text of the al-Quran and Hadith) without going through the ushul fiqh and qawa'id fiqhiyyah. Not all qawa'id fiqhiyyah can accommodate interests in activities mu'amalah instead. Only a few of qawa'id is associated with transactions of mu'amalah instead. Thus, as the increased complexity of a trade and needs, it is of course necessary to study qa'idah even more, with reference to the methods outlined in ushul fiqh.Â Keywords: Qawaâ€™id al-Fiqh, Principles of Sharia Economics
Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Imam Al-Ghazali Tentang Uang Dalam Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah
Authors: Aini Huril
Published: September 2020

Economic activity is defined as inseparable thing in life. The process that occurs in terms of exchange with a particular agreement creates a system which we then call the economic transactions. The transaction is nothing but an attempt to make ends meet. In this case, the government will supervise the activities. Individual actions in the economy in particular and action in general, depends on the mind and worldview of the individual. Therefore, Islam as a universal religion has regulated and provided the right pattern of action in life, socially, culturally and economically. The writing will try to answer the question: how the Islamic economic thought of Imam al-Ghazali on money in the context of mashlahah mursalah. The research is literature research, which examines the sources of books, books, scientific journals, articles and other forms of material or commonly related to the discussion of this paper. The data have been collected from many sources, analyzed using content analysis method, namely research technique to make replicable inference and valid data with respect to context. The description is presented in descriptive or narrative form the data already collected is analyzed in accordance with historical events or facts, especially the detailed description of the activity, attitude, behavior and position of Imam al-Ghazali in historical events. In addition, data analysis is presented in an inductive form on data already collected or evidence analyzed, compiled or abstracted based on existing sources (primary data and secondary data). The results showed that to build a good economy and smoothly should be able to run economic activities based on Islamic law by implementing the concept of mashlahah mursalah, including in managing finances well according to the needs of the community and conduct muamalah activities in accordance with the existing ethics. Islamic economy according to Imam al-Ghazali in its achievement must promote the public good. It implements the concept of maslahah mursalah with the maintenance of the five basic objectives (maqashid shariâ€™ah). While in carrying out economic activities, the government must intervene, especially when there are problems in the community. Economic goals should not be concerned only one side of life, but must be balanced between the world and the hereafter.Â Keywords: Imam al-Ghazali, Money, Maslahah Mursalah
Al-Mashaqqah Tajlib Al-TaysÂ¬ir Makna Dan Implikasinya Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Muflihin M. Dliyaul
Published: September 2020

The problem of Islamic economics is also increasingly complex with the large number of banks. To meet the needs of transactions, banks have products that are offered to the public. In accordance with the function of the bank, namely collecting and distributing funds to the public. The purpose of channeling funds by Islamic banks is to support the implementation of development, improve justice, togetherness and equal distribution of people's welfare. This paper will answer what is the meaning of al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysir and how do the Implications of al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysir in the development of Islamic economy? The result of research shows that the meaning of the rule of al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysir is the difficulty of bringing convenience. The point is that if implementing a provision of shara' mukallaf faces obstacles in the form of difficulties and limitations that exceed the limits of reasonable capabilities, then the difficulty automatically creates relief provisions. In other words, if we find difficulty in carrying out something that is to be sharia, then the difficulty becomes a justifiable cause to facilitate in carrying out something that is to be provision of sharia, so that we can continue to run the sharia of Allah easily. The implications raised by the rules of al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysir are the determination of the law of Islamic financial institutions. This impact is seen when Islamic law allows transactions in Islamic banking financial institutions, so that the community will easily meet the needs by transacting with Islamic banking through contracts that have been agreed upon.Â Keywords: al-Mashaqqah Tajlib al-Taysir, Islamic Economic Development
Wakaf Uang Solusi Alternatif Memberdayakan Ekonomi Umat Studi Kasus Pada BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Jawa Timur
Authors: Khoir Misbahul
Published: September 2020

Bayt al-Mal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) is a microfinance institution that is operated with profit sharing or sharia principle by developing micro and small businesses, in order to elevate degrees and dignity and defend the interests of the poor. BMT (Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil) also receives deposits from zakat, waqf, infaq and sadaqah funds and optimizes its distribution in accordance with its regulations and mandates. The concept of money or cash waqf even though only with 10,000 nominal customer however, endowments have enormous potential to be explored and developed with an emphasis on how the potential of money waqf can be an alternative solution in order to empower the ummah economy through BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring East Java. This BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring in East Java outlines the types of products classified into three, namely savings, financing and services. There are three deposits: Simaster, Hajj and Umrah savings, and qurban savings. There are five financing, namely murabahah, rahn, mudlarabah, musharakah, and ijarah. While service products such as exchange of ringgit money, remittances from within / abroad, PLN online payments, Token, Telkom, FIF, BAF, Adira Finance, Oto Finace, WOM Finance, STNK/mutation installment installments. Although there are weaknesses, the result of research shows that the threat that is feared will hamper the endowment of money products on Mandiri Sejahtera BMT but this is not a burden, the most important is that this product does not violate the rules of sharia and is permissible in Islam because the application of money waqf products in Mandiri Sejahtera BMT is appropriate, namely the value the principal remains and the remaining proceeds from the money endowments will be distributed for virtue.Â Keywords: Cash Waqf, Society Economic Empowerment, BMT Mandiri Sejahtera
Analisis Bagi Hasil Pembiayaan Mudlarabah Di Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Pembantu Lumajang
Authors: Hidayatullah Indra
Published: September 2020

Profit and loss sharing system applied in the Islamic bank as an alternative substitute for the application of the interest system is deemed to successfully avoid the negative impacts of the interest application. It is also considered to be able to allocate resources and fund sources efficiently. The solution is briefly mentioned by holding the financing transactions based on three models, namely mudlarabah, musharakah dan murabahah. In this study, there are several methods used to collect the data. It includes methods of observation, interviews and documentation. The data is then analyzed using descriptive analysis and qualitative approach. The research findings figure out that the realization of profit and loss sharing system based on mudlarabah financing applied in the Branch Office of Syariah Mandiri Bank in Lumajang, in terms of Islamic Law, is valid since it already fulfills the validity requisites of mudlarabah. There is only such dilemmatic consideration relates to the issue of assurance because of the difference opinion among Islamic scholars (Ulama) about the license of assurance itself aside of the emergency or in case that the suspicion toward mudlarib emerged. The financing of mudlarabah in Syariah Banking, particularly in terms of the application of financing calculation in the Branch Office of Syariah Mandiri Bank in Lumajang is completely appropriate since it already fulfills the requisites obtained in all Syariah Bankings and the Fatwa of National Syariah Council. The application of profit and loss sharing calculation in the Branch Office of Syariah Mandiri Bank in Lumajang is valid and appropriate since its realization is in accordance with Islamic and Banking Law. The profit-sharing ratio provided by the bank are 95.10%: 4.9%, 90, 69%: 9.31% and 87.10%: 12.9%. And this bank do not share the ratio of 100: 0 to their customers.Â Keywords: Profit and Loss Sharing, Mudlarabah financing, Islamic Perspective
Perkembangan Bank Syariah Di Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Historis
Authors: Muflihin M. Dliyaul
Published: September 2020

Banking in Indonesia is now increasingly enlivened by the existence of Islamic banks, which offer financial and investment products in different ways than conventional banks that have long existed. Even conventional banks in Indonesia are now following the trend by establishing their own Islamic institutions or Islamic business units. Recorded in 2012 Islamic banks have increased rapidly to become 11 Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) and 24 Sharia Business Units (UUS). Islamic banks were born and developed in Indonesia starting from the birth of Bank Muamalat in 1992. Law Number 7 of 1992 concerning banking was born because in that year Bank Muamalah was the only bank that carried out business activities based on the principle of profit sharing. Furthermore, the culmination point has been reached with the enactment of Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning banking which opens the opportunity for anyone who will establish a Shari'ah bank or who wants to convert from a conventional system to a sharia system. Until the issuance of Law No.10 of 1998. Furthermore, Law No.10 of 1998 was amended by Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic banking because on June 17 2008 the Law on Islamic Banking was adopted which promulgated in the State Gazette on July 16 2008.Â Keywords: History of Development, Islamic Banking, Indonesia
Pengaruh Faktor Internal Dan Eksternal Terhadap Nilai Pembiayaan Murabahah Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia Periode Januari 2015-Juli 2018
Authors: Hendratri Bhaswarendra Guntur
Published: September 2020

Bank of Sharia is a bank that in its activities, both raising funds and in the context of channeling funds, provides and imposes compensation in accordance with Islamic law. Its activities does not charge interest, or does not pay interest to customers. Rewards received by Islamic banks, as well as those paid by customers depend on the contract and agreement between the customer and the bank. Related to the transaction contract practiced by Islamic banking. The mura>bah}ah contract is the contract that is most sought by the public. This contract dominates other contracts such as musha>rakah, mud}a>rabah, salam, istis}na>â€™, qard} and ija>rah. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of internal and external factors of Islamic banking, namely third party funds (DPK), capital adequecy ratio (CAR), number of sharia bank offices, equivalent rate (ER), and inflation on the amount of mura>bah}ah financing in Islamic banking in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that third party funds (DPK), capital adequecy ratio (CAR), number of sharia bank offices, equivalent rate (ER), and inflation together have a positive effect on the value of mura>bah}ah financin.Â  Partially, third party funds (DPK) have an influence positive towards mura>bah}ah financing. While the number of sharia bank offices and equivalent rate (ER) has a negative effect on mura>bah}ah financing. Then, capital adequecy ratio (CAR) and Inflation have no effect on the amount of mura>bah}ah financing.Â Keywords: Mura>bah}ah financing, External factor, Internal factor
Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Besarnya Profitabilitas Pada Bank Umum Syariah Di Indonesia Periode Januari 2017-Desember 2018
Authors: Zakariya Mukhamad
Published: September 2020

The emergence of new Islamic banks creates healthy competition among Islamic banks both in terms of improving services, as well as improving the performance of the banks themselves. As one of the institutions that has an important role in the country's economy, banking regulators need to conduct controlled and comprehensive performance monitoring to improve the performance of Islamic banking so that the bank remains healthy and efficient. Profitability is the most important indicator to measure the performance of a bank. Return on assets (ROA) focuses on the company's ability to earn earnings in the company's operations by utilizing its assets. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the non performing financing factor (NPF), the ratio of operating costs to operating income (BOPO), and financing to deposit ratio (FDR) on profitability in Islamic banking in Indonesia as measured by return on assets. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the simultaneous non performing financing (NPF), the ratio of operating costs to operating income (BOPO), and financing to deposit ratio (FDR) affect the return on assets on Islamic banking in Indonesia, while partially non performing financing (NPF) has no effect. The ratio of operating costs to operating income (BOPO) has a negative effect, and financing to deposit ratio (FDR) has a positive effect on profitability in Islamic banking in Indonesia as measured by return on assets.Â Keywords: Profitability, Non performing financing factor, The ratio of operating costs to operating income, Financing to deposit ratio
Pemikiran Al-Ghazali Tentang Mekanisme Pasar Dan Penetapan Harga
Authors: Hidayatullah Indra
Published: September 2020

Market, country, individual and society have always been a hot topic of economic discussion. The market is one of the economic driver in a country that has an overall success can be seen from the market mechanism that carried out. The economic real good of the country is driven by market mechanisms that uphold freedom and justice. Hence, the market is free and impartial. The operation of a market will be determined by several factors such as price, demand and supply, distribution and specialization of workers. In case those factors run according to the rules in the country, the economy in the country will be stable certainly. The market is a natural mechanism for exchanging goods and services and it has been going on since the beginning of human changes. Islam places the market in an important position in the economy. The practices during the time of Rasulullah SAW and al-Khulafa> al-Ra>shidu>n showed a large market role. Rasulullah SAW really appreciated the price that was formed by the market as a fair price. In the history of economics world, several Islamic economies have emerged that raise scientific themes about market mechanisms, such as the thought of al-Ghazali. The book Ih}ya> â€˜Ulu>m al-Di>n is one of his great works and one of the major works in the Islamic library. Although there are several other works of al-Ghazali in various fields of economics but the essence of his entire essay include his discussion of economics is the book Ih}ya> â€˜Ulu>m al-Di>n. It provides features and characteristics of Islam in various sciences (moral, tas}awwuf, economic and other), be one source of economics. Al-Ghazali, an Islamic scholar has socio-economics thought, rooted in a concept called â€œthe socioeconomic welfare functionâ€. The concept based of all his works is the concept of mas}lah}ah or social welfare, which is the concept that covers all human activities and makes close relations between individual and society.Â Keywords: al-Ghazali thinking, market mechanism, price determination
Implementasi Pendekatan Problem Posing Soal Matematika Pisa Likes Terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Matematis
Authors: Dhewy Risdiana Chandra , Ayuningtyas Nurina
Published: September 2020

Pendekatan problem posing (PPS) sejalan dengan tujuan kurikulum pendidikan matematika di Indonesia, yang memberikan bekal kepada siswa untuk berpikir logis, kritis, cermat, kreatif dan disiplin serta mengetahui kegunaan matematika dalam kehidupan nyata. Penelitian ini menuntut mahasiswa calon guru matematika untuk mengajukan soal matematika PISA likes guna memperkaya wawasan tentang literasi matematis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan aktifitas guru, aktivitas mahasiswa, hasil belajar mahasiswa dan respon mahasiswa. Metode kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 31 mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan matematika STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo semester 6. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan Problem Posing PISA Likes memberikan kontribusi terhadap kemampuan literasi matematis bagi mahasiswa calon guru.
Front Pages
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: September 2020

FP
Comparative Morphology and Morphometry of Blood Cells in Zebrafish (Danio rerio), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio), and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Megarani Dorothea V , Hardian Andreas B , Arifianto Dinar , Santosa Christin M , Salasia Siti I O
Published: September 2020

Several diagnostic tools are available for veterinarians and fish health professionals to evaluate fish health and their abnormalities. However, reference data regarding the character and size of fish blood cells are limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphology and
morphometry of normal blood cells in zebrafish (Danio rerio), common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio), and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To get a representative sample, we took blood from ten 6-mo old healthy fish from each species. Fish were purchased from an ornamental
fish market and the local government fish breeding center in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 100 erythrocytes and a maximum of 30 leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were randomly sampled and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, including morphometric
analysis of both the long axis (LA) and short axis (SA) of these cells. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA statistical tests to compare the blood cells in each species with SPSS software. The findings revealed distinct differences in both morphology and morphometry of the blood cells
among the species. Basic knowledge obtained from this research will aid in the development of biomarkers and other ancillary diagnostic tools for further hematology research, conservation, and clinical diagnosis in these 3 fish species.