bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prácticas de lactancia y alimentación complementaria en menores de 6 meses en Argentina. Estimaciones a partir de una Encuesta Multipropósito
Authors: Abeldaño RA. , López de Neira M. , Burrone MS. , Gonzalez ML. , Fernandez AR
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Analysis of secondary database was performed to estimate breastfeeding and complementary feeding indicators in under 6-month-old children in Argentina based on the National Survey on Sex and Reproductive Health 2013 which used multistage sampling covering all the statistical regions of the country. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed on 3137 women who answered the breastfeeding module in the survey regarding the last child born alive. Results show that 65.9% of the infants was breastfed until 6 month of life or older; 43% received baby formula before 6 months, 58.5% was given water before 6 months, and 33.5% received semi-solid food before six months. We can conclude that identifying factors associated to certain eating practices in infants can orientate towards the promotion of adequate breastfeeding.
Consultas por mordeduras de perro y seguimiento del animal en el sur de la ciudad de Salta, Argentina
Authors: Sánchez D. C. , Sánchez A. P. , Tolaba M. , Herrera Verduguez M. , Flores C. M.
Published: October 2024

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out based on consultations of patients seen in the emergency room of a central hospital in a new operational area in the south of the city of Salta (Argentina) with 26 health centers reporting to it and offering coverage to about 200 thousand inhabitants. For the same coverage area, we registered the number of dogs entered to the Municipal Offi ce of Zoonosis for observation, according to the Observation Charts of Biter Animals which are enabled when the informer comes to the Offi ce and shows a police report or medical certifi cate (from public or private sector). Age distribution of bitten patients is strongly asymmetric-positive, which confi rms that pediatric population is more vulnerable to animal attacks. When the relation between sex and age groups was analyzed, no association was found between these variables for groups of children and adolescents; so age was independent of the sex of the bitten person (?2= 3.15; p=0.6764). In groups age 20 and older, women were signifi cantly more affected than men (?2= 8.65; p=0.0033). In the period studied, a rate of 1 biter animal was observed according to the procedure, every 7 bites seen at the hospital.
La Salud como derecho en la misión fundacional de la Escuela de Salud Pública de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile: un análisis histórico
Authors: Vielmas Sebastián , Jorquera María José , Alvarado Rubén
Published: October 2024

The historical context in which the School of Public Health of the University of Chile was born is explored in this work. The period studied goes from the end of the 19th century to middle of the 20th Century. In the first place, the position of the four key actors - the elite, doctors and health professionals, popular layers, and the State - and their conflicts are analyzed. In the second place, the change of paradigm in the role of the State regarding health problems, from a position of “Subsidiary Gendarme State” to a new position of “Welfare Committed State” is studied. The School of Public Health was born as a result of these historical processes, to cover the need to train specialists in the field of public health, getting external support from the Rockefeller Foundation which was essential in its beginnings. Since its origin it has been greatly involved in the country´s public life, understanding people´s health as a social right.
Residencias médicas argentinas ¿oportunidades de formación equivalentes?
Authors: Gomez Julieta Clara
Published: October 2024

Residencies are shaped as a specific model to train specialists which differentiate for the intensive practice and immersion in the health services. In 2006, the National System of Accreditation of Residencies of the Health Team was created to evaluate if equivalent training opportunities are guaranteed. Regarding the method, this research focuses on medical residences and was based on documentary sources (595 ministry provisions from 2011-2020). Among the results, on the one hand we observed geographic concentration in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, low participation of some jurisdictions in the system, active participation of the private system and concentration in some specialties; on the other hand, it was seen that 10 out of 10 accredited residencies received advice on the development of the training process, 7 out of 10 on the program pedagogical proposal and 6 out of 10 on the functioning conditions.  Despite being a federal and compulsory accreditation system for all medical residencies of the public sector and although the system was created 15 years ago; from the analysis of recommendations we observe failure to comply with many of the standards defined by the Ministry of Health resulting in no equivalent training opportunities.
Residentado Odontológico: Estrategia de salud bucal para los más vulnerables
Authors: Caycho Valencia Félix Alberto
Published: October 2024

The Ministry of Health, the governing body of Peru's health sector, made estimates of the number of years lost to disease burden at the national level, finding that approximately 150,000 hours are lost to oral health problems.
Objective: Using the concept of YLL, which is defined as the time lost as a result of suffering from a disease or its aftermath.
Results: In this order, the Ministry of Health, in joint action with public and private institutions, promotes the Dental Residency program, which aims to train dental surgeons who provide care to the most vulnerable population.
Conclusion: The residency program is a strategy to reduce the gap in unequal access to oral health care services for the Peruvian population.
PREVALENCIA DE LA TUBERCULOSIS EN MATO GROSSO DO SUL BRASIL ENTRE 2010 Y 2018.
Authors: Felipe Mendes Kevyn , Oliveira Ramos Franco Netto Raphael , Guiotti Mazão Lima Mateus Henrique , De Morais Lima Luã , Sanchez Renato , Cássia Moratas Leiliane , Gamarra Insfrán Luís , Alves Paraizo Vanessa
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Turberculosis is a disease with worldwide impact and, mainly, in Brazil. It has a strong relationship with precarious socioeconomic conditions, as well as failures in public policies to combat the disease. Objective: To describe and analyze TB cases in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2010 to 2018. Methodology: A retrospective investigation of TB cases was carried out through SINAN  . Results: Sex and age data were selected, with 7336 cases of males and about 1443 cases of females. Tuberculosis is a disease that affects mainly people with an economically active age, between 20 and 59 years old. Bacilliferous patients are more likely to have low education. The prison population that has TB is significant. Conclusion: TB numbers come exponentially. Brazil has been investing in technologies for diagnosing and preventing this cause. Therefore, it is important to discuss new and more effective strategies for disease control in urban areas and seclusion institutes.
Keywords: Tuberculosis. Epidemiological profile. Indigenous population. Population deprived of liberty. Border population. Vulnerable populations.
EVALUACIÓN DE INDICADORES DE SOBREPESO Y RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR EN NIÑOS DE UN PROYECTO SOCIAL EN LA RED DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA
Authors: Lima e Silva Leandro , Belas Coutinho Ângelo Marcelo , Borba Neves Eduardo , Ajdelsztajn Henry , Azevedo Junior Luiz Antônio , Silva Magna Leilane , Gomes de Souza Vale Rodrigo , Moreira Nunes Rodolfo de Alkmim
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric profile with a focus on risk indicators for cardiovascular disease, body mass index, waist/height ratio, taper index, and skinfolds of students from a social surfing project, enrolled in the public network of teaching in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. METHODOLOGY 109 students (aged between 7-17 years), from a social surfing project (73 boys and 36 girls) students from the municipal education network in Rio de Janeiro. The following groups were formed: 7-12 years old female and male and 13-17 years old female and male. Measured variables: Body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, BMI and waist/height ratio (WHtR). For statistical analysis, percentage frequencies were used. To compare groups within, Pearson's Chi-square test was used, adjusted for comparisons between pairs (Bonferroni correction). The significance level was 95%. RESULTS: Only BMI showed significance in the comparison between groups (total sample BMI/overweight group 7-12 years > group 13-17 years p=0.027); (GIRLS with BMI/normal the group 7-12years>13-17years p=0.046); (BOYS with BMI/normal the group 13-17years>7-12years p=0.002); (BOYS with BMI/overweight risk group 7-12yrs>13-17yrs p=0.002); (BOYS with BMI/overweight the group 7-12years>13-17years p=0.002) CONCLUSION: There was a low prevalence of obesity according to the anthropometric variables used, and according to the analysis of the BMI of the sample in this study, a trend towards a reduction of weight with increasing age. This fact is important because the sample is regular physical activity. Therefore, incentives to promote health through social sports projects in the context of eating habits and physical activity practices are important to promote a healthy lifestyle for all age groups of the population.
Reseña bibliográfica: EPIDEMIOLOGÍA EN LA ERA DEL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Rahal Abelardo
Published: October 2024

La obra que hemos seleccionado para reseñar llega a nuestra consideración en su versión digital y cuya  presentación pública, como primera edición, se concreta en el mes de mayo 2021, con el título ya anticipado de “Epidemiología en la Era del Desarrollo Sostenible”.Partimos, en primer lugar, a su análisis formal, de su constitución como un trabajo de entidad eminentemente científica, ordenado y ajustado a adecuadas normas del arte editorial, tanto en su diagramación como en su constitución y estructuración orgánica; asimismo, en cuanto a la calidad de la representatividad profesional y académica de los diversos estamentos institucionales y editoriales que conforman su planta organizacional.A estas consideraciones genéricas iniciales, se adicionan las características propias de esta obra, ya que se trata de una edición multiautoral, integrada por ocho trabajos de investigación, sometidos en todos los casos a revisión y dictamen por pares evaluadores en proceso de doble ciego y que configuran cada uno de ellos, en capítulos diferenciados en su temática de abordaje, pero teniendo en común, en sus desarrollos particulares, el objetivo primordial de seleccionar temas vinculados al orden de las personas, con las proyecciones de género, de desempeño y roles sociales, de uso de tecnologías terapéuticas, etc., conectadas por derivación con los Objetivos y Metas de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, aplicados a realidades singulares en campos concretos de intervención.
Cerclaje cervical como tratamiento de incompetencia funcional. Estudio descriptivo transversal en Maternidad Pública de Córdoba.
Authors: Ribero Lucia del Valle
Published: October 2024

Objective: Describe the experience in cervical cerclages and obstetric results in pregnant women with diagnosis of cervical incompetence.
Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study on the experience with pregnant women with diagnosis of cervical incompetence who underwent cervical cerclage during gestation and were assisted in public maternity hospital in the City of Cordoba.
Results: The study included 82 cerclages. McDonald’s technique was used.  Average gestational age was 15 weeks. Of all the cases, 84.5 % were multigestations: 14.6% had late miscarriages, 11% premature deliveries and another 11% late miscarriage and premature delivery.  According to the gestational age when cerclage was placed, 53 of them were prophylactic.  Only 12 presented early complication: 9 preterm membrane ruptures and 3 cervical tears.
Conclusion: The effect of cervical cerclage as intervention is important but it is not the solution for pre-term delivery.  Cervical cerclage is a simple technique with high success rate, low complications rate and good perinatal results.
La ley 18610 y los orígenes de la fragmentación del sistema sanitario argentino: una mirada desde el institucionalismo histórico
Authors: Jaime Sergio
Published: October 2024

Health systems are essentially complex social systems which require the observation of significant phenomenon through multiple approaches for their correct understanding.  Historical institutionalism is one of those approaches, which through the identification of an event which generates a subsequent way allows understanding how institutions develop and of the consequences, whether institutional or not.  Law 18610 from the year 1970 which regulates the functioning and funding of health insurance impacts as the transcendental landmark in the making up of the Argentinian health system, usually described as fragmented and of poor performance. This law determined the subsequent way regarding the manner to secure citizens and in general terms the ground rules affecting the involved institutional actors (the state, the health insurance sector, and the private sector). The objective of this work is to analyze the fragmentation in health of the Argentinian health system from an alternative point of view, in order to get a better understanding of the system and offer breakthrough ideas for the system.
Validación de constructo de escala que mide alfabetización en salud sexual y reproductiva
Authors: Guerrero-Núñez Juan , Guillén-Grima Francisco , Aguinaga-Ontoso Inés
Published: October 2024

Objective: To measure the ability to identify items, reliability and validity of a scale construct measuring Sexual and Reproductive Health Literacy level.
Methods: Using a pilot test of the scale, in a sample of 375 university students, 3 evaluation stages were implemented. First: evaluation of socio-demographic variables and discriminative capacity of items; through central tendency measures, Mann-Whitney U test, biserial correlation coefficient, floor and ceiling effects and total correlation item in order to eliminate lower discrimination items.  Second: reliability evaluation, using McDonald’s Omega and Cronbach’s Alpha.  Third: construct validity and convergence; evaluating the model using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and convergence test with perception of health condition.
Results: The final version has 24 items, 6 for each sub-scale. Reliability is 0.96.  CFA validates the suggested model of 4 factors, equivalent to sub-scales: Chi2/gl=2.15, RMSEA=0.056, SRMR=0.037, CFI=0.961, TLI=0.957, NFI=0.931, RFI=0.922, IFI=0.962. Convergence validity is observed.
Conclusions: The scale shows validity and reliability, it is short and easy to apply. Advisable for community health diagnoses.
Hábitos de consumo y actividad física en adolescentes durante el aislamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Cebreiro Cynthia , Aballay Laura Rosana , Ponce Soledad , Niclis Camila
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Since March 2020, social, preventive and obligatory lockdown (ASPO, according to Spanish acronym) was stipulated in Argentina to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Life habits, specially eating habits and physical activity levels were altered, particularly in children and adolescents because of the discontinuance of social and school activities.
Objective: To evaluate changes in eating and sleeping habits, physical activity levels, sedentary lifestyles and body weight in adolescents in Cordoba, Argentina, during lockdown due to COVID-19. 
Method: Observational, cross sectional study carried out in schooled adolescents.  An on-line questionnaire was used to inquire about changes in eating habits, levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle, length of night sleep and body weight during social, preventive and obligatory lockdown due to COVID-19 and the period before pandemic. 
Results: Sixty-two percent of adolescents changed their eating habits, the main increase was seen in homemade and fresh food consumption; the biggest change was observed in women and in participants over 14 years old (p<0.01). A 55% reduced the levels of physical activity (associated to age group, p=0,03), 79% spent more time sitting, 40% slept more and 37.5% gained weight. Tobacco and alcohol consumption decreased in more than 90% of the participants while the increase in consumption was greater in women (p<0,01) and in participants over 14 years old (p<0.01).
Conclusions: The level of physical activity, sleeping habits and body weight showed changes during lockdown. It is important to consider these adverse effects in contexts of measures addressing pandemic.
Consumo alimentario habitual y sus variaciones en confinamiento durante la primera ola de COVID-19 en Argentina y Paraguay
Authors: Defagó Maria Daniela
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective was to analyze food intake and its variations during lockdown in the first wave of COVID-19 in Argentina (AR) and Paraguay (PY), year 2020 and the impact of self-perception of anxiety regarding consumption. 
Material and methods: An online survey was implemented inquiring about socio-demographic characteristics, usual food intake, self-perception of changes in consumption and anxiety during lockdown. A logistics regression model was developed to analyze the association among variables. There were 2621 participants from AR and 2164 from PY.
Results: Only 46% from AR and 36% from PY usually fulfilled the recommendation of 2 servings of vegetables a day, and 11% in total complied with the recommended 3 fruits a day.  Only 1 out of 4 participants drinks enough water and optional consumption products (processed products and with high sugar level, saturated fat and sodium) were usually present in an important proportion.  Fifty-six percent from AR and 72% from PY showed anxiety because of pandemic and lockdown, affecting their eating habits. In AR, anxiety perception raised significantly the OR of modifying usual consumption of vegetables (OR=1.4), fruit (OR=1.7), meat (OR=1.6), dairy products (OR=1.09), sugary products (OR=2.1) and sugary drinks (OR=1.6). The same was observed in PY for intake of vegetables (OR=1.6), fruit (OR=1.8), meat (OR=2.8), dairy products (OR=2.8), sugary products (OR=3.9) and sugary drinks (OR=2.3).
Conclusions: In conclusion, lockdown changed eating habits and there may be an impact on immunological state and general health.
Persistencia de IgM SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes que completaron cuarentena para COVID-19 en Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Gamarra Manrique Renzo Reynaldo , Moscoso Pinares Sara Angélica , Riveros Alvaro Jael Doria
Published: October 2024

Objective: To analyze clinical characteristics of convalescent patients for COVID-19 who show persistence of IgM. 
Materials and methods: Analytical study; 614 patients were evaluated from day 21 to 175 after onset of symptoms. There were 19 cases with positive IgM (3.1%). A control group was used to compare clinical variables, grouping them into categories and applying chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). 
Results: Cases of positive IgM were recorded from the end of quarantine (day 21), reaching the highest number during the 44-65-day interval (42.1%). An association was found between the presence of positive IgM and autoimmune diseases (p = 0.02). 
Conclusions: There is persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM positivity up to 175 days after the onset of symptoms, mainly associated with cross-reactivity with autoimmune diseases. This provides useful information to clarify causes and help in medical management. 
 
Keywords: coronavirus infections; serology; immunoglobulin M, false positive reactions; autoimmune diseases.
Tarjeta Alimentar: ¿qué define una mejor compra? ¿para quiénes? Operativo de implementación en la Provincia de Córdoba
Authors: Butinof Mariana , Abraham Maria Daniela , Huergo Juliana
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The Food Card (TA, Spanish acronym) was a strategy of the plan Argentina Against Hunger aimed at promoting and strengthening access to the Basic Food Basket for the population living in poverty, in order to improve the nutritional quality of their diet. Distribution and implementation of TA in the province of Cordoba (February 27 to March 12, 2020) had the active participation of the School of Nutrition (UNC) in its planning, execution, and evaluation. 
Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the target population of the Food Card in the province of Cordoba and analyze the main implications associated with "the best food purchase." 
Materials and methods: A qualitative and quantitative approach (n = 9571 women) was used. Techniques included a semi-structured questionnaire and participatory workshops. Statistic, descriptive, inferential, and content analysis were conducted on the main implications regarding "the best food purchase." 
Results: There was marked heterogeneity in material living conditions (basic needs), services (installed water network), cooking equipment (oven, refrigerator), places of purchase (supermarkets, neighborhood shops, limited access to varied food), state and community social programs (community dining rooms, support networks). Implications that define the "best purchase" included: acquiring a specific food item; a good cost/benefit ratio; coverage of healthy food; treating oneself; meeting daily needs; safe food; good treatment; choosing where to buy; proximity. 
Conclusions: This policy can be seen as a "first" compensation to reduce the structural food gap in Argentina. It raises the question of what "eating well" means for each individual. "The best purchase" is defined based on these implications. 
Keywords: social policies, food, implications, Cordoba.
Salud y Cambio Climático. Es hoy. ¿Estamos preparados?
Authors: Muñoz Sonia E.
Published: October 2024

En el siglo XXI, nos encontramos en un momento crucial donde la salud y el bienestar de las personas están intrínsecamente ligados a la preservación del medio ambiente y a la sostenibilidad de nuestro planeta. Cada vez más, comprendemos que no podemos separar el cuidado de nuestra salud de la salud del ecosistema en el que vivimos. Surge así la necesidad imperante de abordar la interrelación entre la salud humana, el cambio climático y la conservación de la biodiversidad. Este enfoque holístico nos exige replantear nuestros conceptos y prácticas en el ámbito de la salud pública, reconociendo que la promoción del bienestar individual y colectivo está estrechamente vinculada con la protección y preservación del entorno natural que nos rodea. Es necesario adoptar una perspectiva integradora y multidimensional en el ámbito de la salud, que abarque desde las dimensiones individuales hasta las colectivas, desde lo biológico hasta lo ambiental, y desde lo local hasta lo global.
Estilos de apego y riesgo psicosocial de desgaste por empatía en psicólogos y psiquiatras
Authors: Salessi Solana
Published: October 2024

The impact of mental health professionals' attachment styles on their own psychosocial vulnerability has not been extensively explored in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze possible connections between three adult attachment styles (secure, anxious, and avoidant) and empathy burnout syndrome (EBS), which is understood as a psychosocial risk among mental health professionals. Data were collected using validated scales from a sample of 324 psychologists and psychiatrists from Santa Fe. Correlational analyses indicate significant links between EBS, secure attachment and anxious attachment. Multiple linear regression analyses show that both explain 16% and 11% respectively of the variance in empathy burnout. Findings point out secure attachment as a protective factor against empathy burnout and highlight the psychosocial risk associated with anxious attachment in psychologists and psychiatrists.
Yeni Kapitalizmin Mekânsal Örgütlenme Biçimi Olarak Yaratıcı Kentler: Singapur Örneği
Authors: Çelik Serkan
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde sosyo-ekonomik yapıda meydana gelen dönüşümlerin kentsel mekânda yansımaları incelenmiştir. Yeni kapitalizmin yüksek teknoloji ve bilgi merkezli yeni ilişkileri, küresel çapta sermaye ve finans akışları, Kuzey Amerika ve Batı Avrupa kentlerinin sanayi üretimini güney ülkelere kaydırması sonucu dünyanın önde gelen kentleri yönetim, denetim, finans ve bankacılık merkezleri haline gelmiştir. Küresel kent veya dünya kenti olarak analiz edilen bu süreçlerin yanında, yeni kapitalizmin kültürel-yaratıcı sektörler aracılığıyla kültürle kurduğu yeni ilişki yaratıcı kent modelini meydana getirmiştir. Yaratıcılık ve inovasyon tarafından şekillendirilen yeni küresel ekonomi, kentsel mekânı yaratıcı bir sosyal çevre ve yaratıcı süreçler inşa etmek üzere yeniden tasarlamaktadır. Yaratıcı kent tartışmaları bu noktada kentin çok aktörlü, çok katmanlı ve disiplinler arası yöntemlerle inşa edilmesine ve toplumların soft altyapılarının kentte görünür kılınmasına odaklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, son yıllarda gelişen Singapur gibi Güney Asya kentleri incelemeye değer örnekler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yeni kapitalizmin kent mekânı ile kurduğu ilişki yaratıcı kentler üzerinden Singapur kent devleti örneğinde değerlendirilmiştir. Singapur İstatistik Kurumu tarafından sağlanan nicel verilerle Singapur’da tam bağımsızlık sonrası yaşanan kentsel dönüşüm ve yaratıcı kentleşme süreci betimleyici bir dille ele alınmıştır.
Deprem Sonrası Malatya’nın Merkezi İş Alanı (MİA) Cadde ve Sokak Sistemlerinin Yeniden Tasarlanmasına Ampirik Yaklaşım
Authors: Şıkoğlu Emrah
Published: October 2024

Malatya Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin Yukarı Fırat bölümünde yer almaktadır. Malatya'nın tarihi ve kentsel gelişimi incelenerek şehrin demiryolu bağlantısının gelmesiyle kentsel büyümenin hız kazandığı ve fabrikaların kurulmasıyla kentleşmenin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın en temel amacı, yıkımın en yoğun olduğu merkezi iş alanının morfolojik olarak geçmiş durumunun değerlendirilmesi ve kent imgesi olan İnönü Anıtı'nın da üzerinde bulunduğu Millet Meydanı'nın Merkezi İş Alanı (MİA) entegrasyonunun yükseltilmesi hedefiyle yeniden tasarlanmasıdır. Yapılan analizler ve tasarımlarla Malatya'nın Merkezi İş Alanı'nın yeniden yapılandırılması ve kent içi ulaşımın verimliliğinin artırılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu çalışma, MİA'nın entegrasyonunu yükselterek şehrin kentsel gelişimine olumlu katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Tasarım, Mekan Dizim Analizi ve Marshall taksonomisine dayanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece Malatya'daki MİA'nın, insanların belleklerindeki algısına, mekanın okunabilirlik ve algılanabilirliği üzerinde olumlu katkı yapabilmek hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı, Malatya'nın MİA'sının morfolojik yapısının değerlendirilmesi ve MİA'nın entegrasyonunun yükseltilmesi için yeniden tasarlanmasıdır. Tasarım, Mekan Dizim Analizi ve Marshall taksonomisine dayanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada yapılan analizler arasında tipolojik analiz, mekan dizim analizi, bütünleşme analizi ve tercih edilebilirlik analizi yer almaktadır. Bu analizler sayesinde çalışma alanındaki cadde ve sokak sistemleri değerlendirilmiş ve yeniden yapılandırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Yapılan düzenlemeler sonucunda elde edilen verilere göre mekanın yapısal özellikleri ve mekânsal organizasyonun iyileştiğine, kent içi ulaşımın daha verimli hale geldiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Academic Traces of Urban Furniture: A Bibliometric Perspective
Authors: Bayazıt Esra
Published: October 2024

Urban furniture, which increases the quality and aesthetics of urban life, has recently been the subject of academic studies. However, a bibliometric and visual analysis in this field has not been conducted in sufficient number. This paper presents a quantitative and descriptive study of 1,063 documents from the Web of Science database (1975-2022) using RStudio's 'Bibliometrix' package. Key bibliometric indicators include 887 documents, 619 references, 582 articles, 12.25 citations per document, 2,558 authors, 1,386 keywords, keywords of 2,968 authors, and a collaboration index of 16.8%. The study found higher scientific productivity in China and the USA. Research status, influential sources, countries, institutions, authors, keywords and data relationships were analysed. In particular, it was observed that academic interest increased after 2000 and focused on technology, environment and urban disciplines rather than architecture. The keywords (Author's Keywords and Keywords plus) vary, with a focus on the urban field of study and the health and environment field of study, but both keywords are increasing. The paper recommends increased interdisciplinary co-operation to broaden the scope of urban furniture research. This is one of the first comprehensive bibliometric and content analyses on urban furniture.
Türk Afet Mevzuatının Bütünleşik Afet Yönetimi Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Akduman Öznur
Published: October 2024

Mevcut tehlikeler, savunmasızlıklarımızla birleşerek, deprem, sel, heyelan, teknolojik kazalar gibi doğa ve insan kaynaklı afetlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda meydana gelen tehlikenin kaynağı doğa veya insan kaynaklı olsa bile afetler sonuçları yönünden değerlendirildiğinde insan eliyle üretildiğini söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Afetlerin yönetimi, toplumun karşılaşabileceği çeşitli afetlerin öncesinde, sırasında ve sonrasında alınacak tedbirleri, müdahaleleri ve iyileştirme çabalarını içeren oldukça geniş kapsamlı bir süreçtir. Bu süreç, sadece devlet kurumları ya da sivil toplum örgütleri tarafından değil, aynı zamanda bireylerin ve toplumun tüm kesimlerinin katılımını gerektirmektedir. Türkiye'de afet yönetimi için belirlenen yasal çerçeve, farklı düzeylerdeki devlet kurumlarının ve sektörlerin rollerini, sorumluluklarını ve iş birliği mekanizmalarını tanımlamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar ve uygulamalar değerlendirildiğinde; mevcut yasal düzenlemelerin, afet risklerini azaltma, hazırlık, müdahale ve iyileştirme süreçlerindeki iş birliği ve koordinasyonu güçlendirecek şekilde güncellenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki afet yönetimi mevzuatının bütünleşik afet yönetimi perspektifinden değerlendirilmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu değerlendirme, mevcut afet yönetimi sürecinin eksikliklerinin belirlenmesini ve daha etkili bir afet yönetimi stratejisinin oluşturulmasını amaçlamaktadır.
Uluslararası ‘Avrupa’daki Kentsel Kıyılar için Sürdürülebilir Açık Çözümler’ Projesi Ardından
Authors: Mıhçıoğlu Elif , Ruhi Sipahioğlu Işıl
Published: October 2024

Bu yazı, 2019-2023 yıllarında arasında Avrupa Komisyonu’nun Ufuk 2020 Marie Curie Hareketliliği çerçevesinde yer alan ‘Araştırma ve Yenilikçilik Değişim Programı’ (MSCA-RISE) desteği ile disiplinler arası olarak yürütülmüş, Avrupa'da iklim değişikliğiyle karşı karşıya olan kentsel kıyıların sorunlarını ortaya koymayı ve ortak akıl oluşturmayı hedefleyen ‘SOS Climate Waterfront’ uluslararası projesinin etkinliklerini ve çıktılarını paylaşmayı ve yaygınlaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Proje, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede uyum ve katkı arayışında olan sadece üniversiteleri ve akademisyenleri değil, aynı zamanda ilgili sivil toplum kuruluşlarını, belediyeleri, profesyonelleri, vatandaşları ve konuyla ilgilenen tüm paydaşları bir araya getirmiştir. Projedeki farklı nitelikteki proje ortağı kurumların uzman temsilcileri, karma çalışma grupları oluşturarak, seçilen su kenarında bulunan çeşitli Avrupa kentlerinin iklim değişikliğine karşı dirençliliğini arttırmayı hedefleyen önerilerini, Roma (2), Gdansk (2), Stockholm (1), Selanik (2) ve Lizbon (2)’da düzenlenen birer aylık dokuz farklı çalıştayda geliştirmiş ve bu önerileri proje kapsamındaki farklı konferanslar aracılığıyla ilgili paydaşlara sunmuştur. Yazı, projenin hedef ve kapsamının yanı sıra, ana hatlarıyla her çalıştay kapsamında iklim değişikliği odaklı incelenip geliştirilen öneriler, gerçekleştirilen etkinlikler ve proje çıktısı kitaplarla ilgili bilgi vermektedir.
Understanding the Li resource of granite hosted geothermal brines using near surface measurements
Authors: Robinson Andrew , Acikalin Sanem , Stewart Gavin , Bishop Brendan , Robbins Leslie , Flynn Shannon
Published: October 2024

Unprecedented demand for lithium (Li) is being driven by electric vehicle batteries. Currently, the majority of Li comes from pegmatite mining and salar brines, however, new sources such as geothermal brines will be required to meet future demand. The North Pennines, Northern England has been found to host brines with lithium concentrations exceeding 90 mg/L at depths from 411 to 996 m. However, deep subsurface water chemistry for the region is limited to a single abandoned borehole. This work investigated the potential of surface and near-surface water samples from abandoned mine workings to expand the known geographic extent of the underlying Li brine. Li concentrations were 1.9 to 749 µg/L at the 44 locations sampled. Principal component, cluster, and covariate analysis identified three distinct water chemistry clusters: “deep brine” grouped around Li (conductivity, Mn, F, and lesser relationship with Na, As, Sr, Cl, Ni, Pb, and U), “mine waters” grouped around sulfate (Zn, alkalinity, Sc, Rb, Se, Eu, Mg, Cd, Y, S, K, Ca, and Ba), and a third, smaller grouping negatively related to the mine waters (Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, P, and V). The Cambokeels Mine, 0.5 km from the original borehole had the highest Li concentration. However, the deep brine signature and Li enrichment was found at a cluster of mines 15 km away, significantly expanding the geographical extent of the North Pennine Li brine resource. These findings show that relatively low-cost elemental analysis and statistical analyses could be a promising exploration tool for regions with low subsurface data.
Seasonal variability of coccolith fluxes in sediment traps of the Perdido and Coatzacoalcos regions in the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: García-Romero Felipe de Jesús , Herguera García Juan Carlos , Bollmann Jörg , Lara José Rubén Lara , Cortés-Martinez Mara Yadira , Márquez-Artavia Amaru
Published: October 2024

We present new results of the coccolith fluxes in the Perdido and Coatzacoalcos regions of the Gulf of Mexico and explore the environmental variables that may control them. Two sediment trap moorings located at a water depth of 1100 m collected settling particles from June 2016 to July 2017. Both regions showed similar seasonal distributions in total coccolith fluxes, with the highest recorded fluxes during winter, decreasing through spring, and moderate fluxes in summer and autumn. The Perdido sediment trap shows slightly higher annual average fluxes of 3.09 x 109 ± 0.89 x 109 coccoliths per m-2d-1, in comparison to the Coatzacoalcos trap of 1.88 x 109 ± 1.13 x 109 coccoliths m-2d-1. The Perdido trap collected 47 species of coccoliths, in comparison with the Coatzacoalcos trap with 56 species throughout the study period. The species composition was dominant in both regions by Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Florisphaera profunda, reaching more than 85 %. The Upper Photic Zone (UPZ) species association was dominant throughout the study period, showing higher fluxes during winter, associated with the seasonal deepening of the mixed layer depth. In addition to the controls by the mesoscale forcings by the anticyclonic eddy (Poseidon) in the Perdido region and the semi-permanent cyclonic eddy (Campeche Bay) in Coatzacoalcos. The interaction between these mesoscale eddies with the continental shelf results in the advection of nutrient-rich waters to the deep ocean thereby increasing the coccolith productivity and consequently export-fluxes. Our results of the coccolith fluxes and the processes that modulate them in the Southwest of Mexico help to understand the different controls on the calcareous nannoplankton export in oligotrophic regions close to the continental shelf.
Interoception Shapes Extremes of visual imagery experience
Authors: Silvanto Juha , Nagai Yoko
Published: October 2024

Interoception is thought to play a significant role in mental imagery. To investigate this, we examined the relationship between interoceptive attention and accuracy across the imagery spectrum. We found that imagery vividness positively correlated with interoceptive attention but negatively with accuracy. While attention and accuracy were aligned in the middle of the imagery spectrum, they became dissociated at the extremes (i.e., aphantasia and hyperphantasia). These results suggest that the extremes of the imagery spectrum are linked to altered interoceptive processing.
Horizontal segregation by gender and area of knowledge of the Research Support Staff from CONICET Argentina, in the year 2024.
Authors: Pastor Daniela Alejandra
Published: October 2024

This work aims to characterize the segregation of Research Support Staff (RSS) in CONICET Argentina by gender, area of knowledge and others characteristics through the request for public data of this personnel. It was determined that in August 2024, there are 2,931 active support staff working in 348 Institutes, and the amount of RSS assigned to each institution varies between 1 and 47. The institutes with the largest number of support staff by area of knowledge are: the INTEMA (Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales) in the KA area (Agrarian, Engineering and Materials Sciences) with 47 RSS, followed by the MACNBR (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales) in the KB area with 42 RSS, the CADIC (Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas) in the KE area with 38 RSS, and in the KS area there are two institutes that compete to be in first place with 14 RSS, which are: the CEIL (Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Laborales) and the CAICYT (Centro Argentino de Información Científica y Tecnológica).Regarding gender segregation by area of knowledge, the feminized areas are: KB (Biological and Health Sciences), KS (Social Sciences and Humanities) and the masculinized areas: KA (Agrarian, Engineering and Materials Sciences); KE (Exact and Natural Sciences) and Not Applicable. The KT (Technology) area does not count any RSS personnel. It's curious that for the case of KA area (Agrarian, Engineering and Materials Sciences), the trend found for CONICET researchers is not reproduced by RSS because for them it is feminized, making it necessary to investigate the reasons for this deeply. The two areas with the largest number of support personnel assigned are KE: Exact and Natural Sciences; being masculinized, and KB: Biological and health sciences, being feminized. This analysis is a contribution to comprehension of the characteristics of CONICET's teem infrastructure roles, in order to advance the understanding of their work problems and barriers to professional growth.
Estimating the Partisan Bias of Japanese Legislative Redistricting Plans Using a Simulation Algorithm
Authors: Miyazaki Sho , Yamada Kento , Imai Kosuke
Published: October 2024

Although partisan gerrymandering has been found to be widespread for congressional redistricting in the United States, there exists little empirical research on legislative redistricting in other countries. We investigate the partisan bias of Japanese redistricting. Some scholars have argued that the prominent role played by the nonpartisan commission leaves little room for partisan gerrymandering. Others have pointed out, however, that the Japanese redistricting process may be subject to political influence because the members of the redistricting commission must be appointed by the Prime Minister and approved by the Diet. In addition, the commission invites the governor of each prefecture to provide their opinions on redistricting. We conduct a systematic empirical analysis to estimate the partisan bias of the 2022 Japanese Lower House redistricting plans. We apply a state-of-the-art redistricting simulation algorithm to generate a large number of alternative nonpartisan redistricting plans. The sampled plans are representative of the population of plans and are consistent with the redistricting rules with which the commission must comply. By comparing the enacted plan with this nonpartisan baseline, we quantify the extent to which the enacted plan favors a particular party. Unlike the traditional methods, our simulation approach accounts for political geography and redistricting rules specific to each prefecture. Our analysis shows that the Japanese redistricting process yields little partisan bias at both the prefecture and district levels.
Intergenerational Transmission of Lifespan in the US
Authors: Black Sandra , Duzett Neil , Lleras-Muney Adriana , Pope Nolan G , Price Joseph
Published: October 2024

We examine the transmission of lifespan across generations using a unique dataset containing more than 26 million individuals born between 1880 and 1920. We document new facts about the absolute and relative mobility in lifespan. On average across cohorts, 47% of men and 57 percent of women lived longer than their parents, though this varied across cohorts. Relative measures show higher mobility, with substantially less variation across time and subpopulations. The intergenerational correlation in lifespan (a measure of persistence rather than mobility) is about 0.09 for both sexes – this low correlation is observed across races, education groups, cohorts, and birth states. Finally, we document that the intergenerational persistence of lifespan is much smaller than the persistence in socio-economic status. Moreover, correlations in lifespan and in education are largely independent of each other, suggesting that mobility in well-being may be larger than measures of income alone suggest.
Morphological characterization and whole genome analysis of lytic phages against drug resistant human pathogens: an alternative approach to antibiotic therapy
Authors: Nepal Roshan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance – a condition when microbes are no longer sensitive to the drugs used to kill them – is a global concern and emergence of superbugs have threatened advances of modern medicine pushing us closer to post antibiotic era. Once easily treatable infections are now killing and alternatives to antibiotics are being explored. Among all alternatives, phage therapy – though used longest in clinics – is largely ignored by western world. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria but leave animal and plant cells unscathed. As MDR becomes a threat, interest in phage therapy is revitalized and now even US-NIAID lists ‘phage’ as research priority to address antibiotic crisis. Here, we explore availability of phages against MDR bacteria in our environment and assess their efficacy in-vivo followed by morphological identification. Methodology: Forty different drug resistant human pathogens representing 12 genera were collected from hospital after biochemical identification and antibiotic susceptibility test. Water sample from 5 holy rivers was screened for presence of lytic phages by double layer agar assay. Phages were purified by successively sub-culturing single plaque thrice & standard spot assay was employed to determine multiple host range. Most potent phages were confirmed by TEM. Whole Genome Sequence of three phages were then analyzed for presence of lytic proteins / enzymes than may be potential antibiotic candidate. Results: Thirty-four lytic phages - 16 E. coli, 13 Salmonella, 2 Shigella, 2 Klebsiella, 1 Citrobacter - were isolated. Except 2 Klebsiella phages all 32 phages showed multiple host range (lysed more than 1 strains). All Salmonella phages showed interspecific (S. typhi and S. paratyphi) lytic ability. Bacteriophage induced mutants were only observed against Klebsiella phages. All except Klebsiella phage completely lysed bacterial host up to five consecutive cycles. Whole genome sequencing of three phages revealed that they do not possess any ‘virulent’ bacterial genes within their genome. Conclusion: Our findings showed ‘phages against MDR bacteria’ that could be used therapeutically exists in real world and they are not extremely host specific as professed in scientific world. They’ve evolved to achieve broader host range and even possess interspecific lytic capability. Conclusively – we are not out of weapons to kill drug resistant pathogens yet, and co-evolving phages may be the ‘once and for all’ alternative to antibiotics.Keywords: AMR, ABR, Alternative medicine, Bacteriophage, Holy rivers of Nepal
A Study on Temperature Regulation for Clinical Heating Cabinets and Limitations
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Park Seong-Gyun , Bae Bo-Ae , Yun Seung-Min , Kim In-Su , Kang Seon-U
Published: October 2024

Typically, CT contrast media is warmed to body temperature as a way to reduce viscosity and injection pressure. These things lead to vascular pain or extravasation. The aim of this study is, by comparing conventional heating cabinets with a fluid warmer, to provide a method for contrast media to close to a range of body temperature along with the limitations of conventional devices. After warming the contrast media(Optiray320, 150 ml) stored in three types of heating devices(47℃ & 55℃ FINE HNC, 48℃ Fluid Warmer), we filled the contrast media with 150 ml syringes and measured the actual temperature of the solution after injection (Flow Rate: 3 cc/s) into a container with digital thermometers. As a result, the temperature of the solution warmed in 47℃ heating cabinets is 41.3℃ but injected solution temperature is 32.4℃ on average. These figures are significantly lower than body temperature. When the normal heating cabinet’s temperature is about 55℃, the actual contrast media temperature comes closer to the body temperature. Lastly, the optimal value to maintain a temperature similar to body temperature is clearly indicated in the 48℃ Fluid Warmer. Moreover, this represents the lowest error range between the displayed temperature and the actual solution temperature. To sum up, Based on this study, It is crucial to constantly develop a way of heating contrast media to decrease the side effects of contrast media and to improve patient satisfaction with CT scans.
A Phantom Study of Optimal Examination Conditions for Ankle CT: Focusing on Noise and Sharpness
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Lee Ki Baek , Yoon Jong-Tae , Kang Sung-Il , Kang Ryun-Gyeong , Jeong Wan Ho
Published: October 2024

CT scans utilize relatively higher levels of radiation compared to conventional X-ray examinations. To address this issue and optimize imaging outcomes, various technologies have been developed, among which Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) represents a significant advancement. AEC is particularly effective in areas with considerable thickness variations, such as the thorax or abdomen; however, it may result in unnecessary radiation exposure in smaller anatomical structures, such as the extremities, which can compromise image quality. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the contrast resolution and spatial resolution under fixed tube current conditions in ankle CT scans, with the aim of identifying the optimal tube current settings. The methodology involved using a phantom to conduct scans across a range of tube currents, starting at 50 mAs and increasing in increments of 50 mAs up to 250 mAs, followed by image acquisition for subsequent analysis. Contrast resolution was assessed using Noise and Contrastto- Noise Ratio (CNR), while spatial resolution was evaluated by obtaining line profiles at the bone edges of the ankle. Measurements of angle and distance were recorded at the 25% and 75% density value points on the y-axis to facilitate comparisons of spatial resolution. The results revealed significant differences in contrast resolution between the 50 mAs and 250 mAs settings, with smaller differences noted between the 100 mAs to 150 mAs and 200 mAs to 250 mAs comparisons. Regarding spatial resolution, the most pronounced difference was observed between the 50 mAs and 100 mAs settings, with diminishing differences noted beyond the 150 mAs threshold. Consequently, image quality improved with each 50 mAs increment up to 200 mAs, with negligible differences observed between images acquired at 150 mAs and 200 mAs. These findings suggest that a tube current setting of 150 mAs may be optimal for achieving high-quality imaging while minimizing radiation exposure.