bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Western Pacific Region: Progress towards the 2020 milestones of the End TB Strategy
Authors: Morishita Fukushi , Viney Kerri , Lowbridge Chris , Elsayed Hend , Oh Kyung Hyun , Rahevar Kalpeshsinh , Marais Ben J , Islam Tauhid
Published: July 2021

Since 2015, the End TB Strategy and the Regional Framework for Action on Implementation of the End TB Strategy in the Western Pacific 2016–2020 have guided national tuberculosis (TB) responses in countries and areas of the Region. This paper provides an overview of the TB epidemiological situation in the Western Pacific Region and of progress towards the 2020 milestones of the Strategy. A descriptive analysis was conducted of TB surveillance and programme data reported to WHO and estimates of the TB burden generated by WHO for the period 2000–2018. An estimated 1.8 million people developed TB and 90 000 people died from it in the Region in 2018. Since 2015, the estimated TB incidence rate and the estimated number of TB deaths in the Region decreased by 3% and 10%, with annual reduction rates of 1.0% and 3.4%, respectively. With current efforts, the Region is unlikely to achieve the 2020 milestones and other targets of the Strategy. Major challenges include: (1) wide variation in the geographical distribution and rate of TB incidence among countries; (2) a substantial proportion (23%) of TB cases that remain unreached, undiagnosed or unreported; (3) insufficient coverage of drug susceptibility testing (51%) for bacteriologically confirmed cases and limited use of WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics (11 countries reported <60% coverage); (4) suboptimal treatment outcomes of TB (60% of countries reported <85% success), of TB/HIV co-infection (79%) and of multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant TB (59%); (5) limited coverage of TB preventive treatment among people living with HIV (39%) and child contacts (12%); and (6) substantial proportions (35–70%) of TB-affected families facing catastrophic costs. For the Region to stay on track to achieve the End TB Strategy targets, an accelerated multisectoral response to TB is required in every country.
Dengue–COVID-19 coinfection: the first reported case in the Philippines
Authors: Saipen Angyap Lyn , Demot Bernard , De Leon Lowella
Published: July 2021

The rainy season in the Philippines is from June to October; this is when the number of dengue cases typically increases. In 2020 during this time, the world was facing the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dengue viral infections have similar presentations and laboratory findings, including fever and thrombocytopenia, and there have been reports of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and arthropod-borne virus. Here, we report a case of SARS-CoV-2–dengue virus coinfection in the Philippines in a female aged 62 years, whose early symptom was fever and who was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and positive for dengue. Early recognition of such coinfection is important so that proper measures can be taken in the management of the patient.
Lessons from COVID-19-free Vanuatu: intensive health operations for Phase 1 of repatriation and quarantine, May–July 2020
Authors: Tapo Posikai Samuel , van Gemert Caroline , Manwo Obed , Iavro Edna , Williams Wendy , Maurice Rosaria , Harrison Griffith , Cornish Matthew , Benjamin Michael , Atua Vincent , Obed Jimmy , Clark Geoff , Guyant Philippe , Leodoro Basil , Tarivonda Len , Knox Tessa
Published: July 2021

International borders to Vanuatu closed on 23 March 2020 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. In May–July 2020, the Government of Vanuatu focused on the safe and timely return of citizens and residents while ensuring Vanuatu remained COVID-19 free. Under Phase 1 of repatriation, between 27 May and 23 June 2020, 1522 people arrived in the capital, Port Vila, and were placed in compulsory government-mandated 14-day quarantine in 15 hotels. Pre-arrival health operations included collection of repatriate information, quarantine facility assessments, training for personnel supporting the process, and tabletop and functional exercises with live scenario simulations. During quarantine, health monitoring, mental health assessments and psychosocial support were provided. All repatriates completed 14 days of quarantine. One person developed symptoms consistent with COVID-19 during quarantine but tested negative. Overall health operations were considered a success despite logistical and resource challenges. Lessons learnt were documented during a health sector after-action review held on 22 July 2020. Key recommendations for improvement were to obtain timely receipt of repatriate information before travel, limit the number of repatriates received and avoid the mixing of “travel cohorts”, ensure sufficient human resources are available to support operations while maintaining other essential services, establish a command and control structure for health operations, develop training packages and deliver them to all personnel supporting operations, and coordinate better with other sectors to ensure health aspects are considered. These recommendations were applied to further improve health operations for subsequent repatriation and quarantine, with Phase 2 commencing on 1 August 2020.
A sural nerve “loop” graft for total facial nerve reconstruction: a clinical case
Authors:   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Sukharev V.A. , Tereshchuk S.V. ,   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia,   First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Vasil’ev E.A.
Published: July 2021

In this article we present our experience in the reconstruction of multiple branches of the facial nerve by a loop of sural nerve graft on a patient with gigantic recurrent parotid adenoma. In the original technique of Kikabuchi et al., one end of the grafted nerve is sutured with the stumps of the facial nerve branches in an end-to-side manner through epineural windows made on the nerve graft. In contrast with this approach, we sutured the graft branches with the stumps of the facial nerve branches in an end-to-end manner. Functional recovery of all branches and satisfactory facial expression (House–Brackmann Grade I–II) were obtained within 2 years postoperatively. This technique is a useful option for facial nerve reconstruction managing multiple branches.
Evolution of sinusotomy for treatment of open-angle glaucoma
Authors:   Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russia, Pavlov V.A. , Shvets P.N. ,   State budgetary institution of health care of the Moscow region Ramenskaya CRH, Russia
Published: July 2021

This article aims to discuss surgical treatment modalities for glaucoma, focusing on drainage procedures. Today, there are many surgical techniques for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. However, none of the methods is considered the gold standard efficiency, possible complications, and versatility. The article discusses the stages of improving the technique of sinusotomy, as well as our experience in using this surgical procedure.
Analisis Rantai Pemasaran Ikan di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) Karangantu Serang, Banten
Authors: Rozaqi Muhammad Reza , Ediyanto
Published: July 2021

The rapid development of fishery products in Indonesia as well as a large contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) especially from sea fishing business, unfortunately still not recognized. The scale of small-scale enterprises and the fisherman's status, mostly fishermen who are related to the fisherman's fish marketing system as a producer, have a weak position compared to the trader or industry as the buyer. This study aims to 1) to know Margin Analysis and Fisherman Analysis Share chain of fish marketing to fishermen and retailers; 2) to know the institutional role involved in the marketing of fishery products in TPI Karangantu. This research was conducted from September to October 2016 at TPI Karangantu Serang Banten. The research method used by collecting from primary data and secondary data with descriptive analysis, marketing margin analysis and Fisherman Share analysis. The results of the calculation of Marketing margin analysis and Fisherman Share analysis from fishermen to retailers in September - November were Bullfish Rp.3.999 and 84%, Bloated Fish Rp.5.483 and 82%, Japuh Fish Rp.2.164 and 75%, Lemuru Fish Rp. 2.444 and 89%, Fish Fly Rp. 2.487 and 90%, Mackerel Fish Rp. 5,063 and 91%, Anchovy Rp. 2,461 and 81%.
Analisis Sebaran dan Komposisi Jenis Ikan Kakap Merah Hasil Tangkapan Trawl Pada Musim Peralihan II di Laut Arafura
Authors: Surahman Adi , Telussa Riena F. , Amri Khairul
Published: July 2021

Potensi Laut Arafura yang besar tidak terlepas dari isu dan permasalahan pemanfaatan perikanan laut. Kegiatan penangkapan ikan secara intensif telah memberikan tekanan yang besar terhadap lingkungan perairan Laut Arafura (Badrudin et al., 2008). Laut Arafura terkenal kaya sumberdaya ikan, perkembangan pesat dan intensitas penangkapan yang meningkat dari armada perikanan pukat udang dan pukat ikan bukan saja berdampak pada penurunan tajam stok ikan demersal dan udang. Data yang diambil pada penelitian ini merupakan data primer. Data primer merupakan data yang diambil secara langsung pada lokasi penelitian Laut Arafura menggunakan wahana kapal KR Baruna Jaya IV yang kemudian dicatat dan diproses dengan menggunakan software Surfer 12 secara horizontal. Komposisi jenis ikan kakap yang tertangkap pada musim peralihan II di periaran Laut Arafura terdiri dari delapan jenis yaitu Lutjanus russelli, L. malabaricus, L. vitta, L. sebae, L. johni, L. carponotatus, L. monostigma dan L. lutjanus. Jenis ikan kakap yang paling dominan tertangkap adalah jenis L. russelli yang mencapai 51,47 % dari total ikan kakap yang tertangkap. Jenis ikan kakap yang dominan kedua ditempati oleh jenis L. malabaricus yaitu sebesar 31,77 %, sedangkan jenis ikan kakap lainnya diperoleh kurang dari 10 %
Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Perikanan Bagan Apung di Pelabuhanratu Sukabumi, Jawa Barat
Authors: Affanta Wan Alga , Telussa Riena F
Published: July 2021

Teknik penangkapan ikan menggunakan bagan apung dilandaskan pada pemanfaatan tingkah laku (behavior) ikan target terutama sifat fototaksis ikan. Hasil tangkap ini merupakan variabel yang fluktuatif, baik terhadap waktu maupun terhadap tempat. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fishing ground diantaranya parameter oseanografi, dan sifat ikan itu sendiri. Faktor-faktor tersebut menyebabkan sebaran ikan dan zona potensi tangkap ikan akan berbeda-beda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara secara langsung kepada nelayan dan juga pencatatan secara sistematis dengan menggunakan kuesioner terlampir terhadap objek yang akan diteliti. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling metode ini adalah pengambilan sampel secara sengaja sesuai dengan persyaratan sampel yang diperlukan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu perhitungan Kelayakan Finansial seperti Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Payback Period (PP. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aspek-aspek yang diketahui dari perhitungan kelayakan usaha perikanan bagan apung di Palabuhanratu adalah aspek ekonomis meliputi : Investasi Rp.48.000.000, biaya Tetap pertahun bernilai Rp.17.572.000, biaya Variabel pertahun Rp.51.840.000, penerimaan pertahun Rp.300,753,000. Hasil analisis usaha kritria investasi dengan cara menghitung nilai NVP, Net B/C, IRR, dan PP diperoleh nilai NVP Sebesar Rp. 54.264.000 pada tingkat suku bunga 12%. Nilai tersebut menunjukan bahwa usaha perikanan bagan apung di Palabuhanratu dapat memberikan manfaat bersih selama umur proyek 5 tahun kedepan dan usaha perikanan bagan apung ini dikatakan layak. Nilai Net B/C bernilai 1,05 hal ini menunjukan kontribusi manfaat bersih terhadap biaya selama umur proyek 5 tahun dengan tingkat suku bunga 12%. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai IRR sebesar 51,76% dan Payback Period (PP) bernilai 1,7.
The Relationship of Father's Involvement in Parenting with The Independent Level of Children Daily Living Activity in Children with Mental Retardation in SLB-C TPA Jember Regency
Authors: Cahya Elsiana Dwi , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini , Muhammad Nur Kholid Rosyidi
Published: July 2021

The mental retardation is one of the psychological limitations which have a characteristic level of intelligence (IQ) of approximately 70 or lower and experience difficulties in carrying out daily activities, communication, the ability to make self-decisions, recreation, work, health, and security. The method used in this research is a correlational study with a cross sectional approach with a total of 67 respondents using total sampling. The questionnaire given to analyze the involvement of fathers in parenting is the involvement of fathers in parenting by the NOC and to analyze the level of independence of daily living activities in children with mental retardation is Waissman-Activity daily living (W-ADL). The Spearman test was carried out to analyze objectively in this study. The results obtained in this study were as many as 58 (86.6%) fathers admitted that they were involved in caring for their children, and as many as 47 children (70.1%) based on their father's recognition that they had a high degree of independence in carrying out daily activities (r; -0.258; p- value = 0.035). This study recommends father and mother to train, guide, and educate children with mental retardation to improve children's  abilities, especially in carrying out daily activities.

Keywords: Father Involvement, Independence Activity daily living, Children With Mental Retardation
Description of Stress and Coping Mechanism Farmer in Kalisat District Jember City
Authors: Patuh Ananda , Wuri Wuryaningsih Emi , Tri Afandi Alfid
Published: July 2021

Farmers have high risk to suffer psychological health pressure. The factors that cause farmers have psychological pressure are limited land, the decrease of soil fertility, soil degradation, and natural causes. Farmers with high psychological health pressure can suffer stress. This research aims to investigate the representation of Stress and Farmers’ Coping Mechanism in Kecamatan Kalisat Kabupaten Jember. The type of this research was descriptive and simple random sampling was chosen to collect the data sampling technique. 100 farmers were collected. The respondents were measured by using farmers’ stress questionnaire and Brief farmers’ coping mechanism questionnaire COPE. The result of stress representation and farmer’s coping mechanisme analysis showed that the number of farmer’s stress tend to be cognitive response. Meanwhile, the result of coping mechanism showed that most of farmer’s coping mechanism more focus on emotion rather than problem. Test the validity of the stress questionnaire obtained r table = 0.497 with α = 0.05 and reliability of 0.703. Whereas for the coping mechanism α = 0.05 questionnaire, the validity of r table 0.361 and the reliability of 0.778 were obtained. Ethical tests were carried out in this study at the Faculty of Dentistry, Jember University No. 465 / UN25.8 / KEPK / DL / 2019.The result of this study can be a reference for nurses and primary health care service to diagnose farmers’ health diseases especially psychological diseases such as stress and coping mechanism. Nurses can do a preventive efforts, intervention, and health education about factors and symptoms of stress and coping mechanism to the farmers.
The Effect of Active Range of Motion (ROM) Training on Muscle Strength of Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients in BIDDOKKES Polda Metro Jaya
Authors: Helen Millya , Evilianti Mila , Juita Ratna
Published: July 2021

Stroke adalah gangguan peredaran darah di otak yang menjadi penyebab gangguan pada anggota tubuh yang lain. Stroke non hemoragik menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam melakukan pergerakan karena terjadi kelemahan otot. Di Indonesia, angka kematian karena stroke menempati posisi pertama di Asia Tenggara. WHO menyatakan 328.524 orang Indonesia meninggal karena stroke. Kejadian stroke yang masih tinggi membuat peneliti ingin mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Range Of Motion (ROM) aktif terhadap kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke non hemoragik di Biddokkes Polda Metro Jaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Latihan Range Of Motion (ROM) Aktif terhadap Kekuatan Otot Pasien Stroke Non Hemoragik di Biddokkes Polda Metro Jaya Tahun 2021Desain penelitian Adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan pra-eksperiment (one grups pra-post test) design. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 17 responden dan penentuan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Variabel independent Range Of Motion (ROM) aktif dan variabel dependent kekuatan otot pada penderita stroke non hemoragik. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pemberian ROM pada pasien stroke non hemoragik. Hasil uji Wilcoxon sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi ROM pada ekstremitas atas didapatkan hasil p value = 0.001. Hasil Uji Wilcoxon sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi ROM pada ekstremitas bawah didapatkan hasil p value = 0.002. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh pemberian ROM aktif terhadap skala kekuatan otot ekstremitas atas dan ekstremitas bawah pada pasien stroke non hemoragik di Biddokkes Polda Metro Jaya. Diharapkan keluarga pasien dapat melatih ROM secara mandiri pada anggota kelurga yang mengalami stroke.
KÜLTÜR HAZİNEMİZ: HÂMİT ZÜBEYR KOŞAY
Authors: BEZCİ Gül
Published: July 2021

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş yıllarında çeşitli alanlarda ortaya koyduğu çok yönlü çalışmalarla bilinen ve bu üretkenliğiyle oluşturduğu eserleri toplumsal manada önemli yer tutan ilim adamlarından biri Hâmit Zübeyr Koşay’dır.

Tarih, Etnografya, Arkeoloji, Filoloji ve Folklor disiplinlerinde yurtiçi ve yurtdışında büyük öneme sahiptir.
The Westernmost Mediterranean islands present an endemic varroosis disease pattern
Authors: Leza Mar , Castell Margalida
Published: July 2021

Aim of study: This is the first intensive study of the incidence of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in the Westernmost Mediterranean islands (Balearics).Area of study: Mallorca, Menorca, Eivissa and Formentera (Balearic Islands), Spain.Material and methods: The study was carried out in autumn 2010 and in spring 2011 because the presence of the mite is higher in these seasons. A total of 462 honeybee colonies were analyzed from different apiaries on. One sample of adult bees (worker bees, n > 200) and another of bee brood (at all stages of development, n> 400) were collected from each colony. All were frozen until analysis. To detect Varroa each sample was examined individually basing the study on the guide edited by the World Organisation for Animal Health, with some modifications. The beekeepers involved were interviewed to characterize Balearic beekeeping.Main results: Regarding the prevalence, results showed that in the Balearic Islands the percentage was higher in spring (34.78%) than in autumn (44.09%) but the infestation rate was lower in both seasons (Autumn: 0.94%, Spring: 0.77%). The focality percentage was also higher in spring (87.10%) than in autumn (82.61%). The data suggests that Varroa mites in the archipelago have an endemic rather than epidemic disease distribution pattern.Research highlights: These results open an interesting scenario to develop a future resistance breeding strategy against V. destructor in these small islands.
Relatively Low Rate of Heterotopic Ossification Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gkiatas Ioannis , Xiang William , Karasavvidis Theofilos , Windsor Eric N. , Malahias Michael-Alexander , Tarity T. David , Sculco Peter K.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is abnormal growth of ectopic bone and negatively affects the outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to characterize the prevalence and severity of HO after primary TKA.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Patient demographics, publication year, and HO prevalence after a primary TKA were recorded. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall prevalence of HO formation, and a subanalysis compared the studies published in different timeframes to determine whether a temporal effect exists for HO prevalence.

Results:

Two thousand nine hundred eighty-eight patients underwent primary TKA across the included studies. Fourteen percent of patients (9% to 20%; I2: 93.68%) developed HO postoperatively during a mean follow-up of 40.1 months (11 to 108 months). HO rates seemed to decrease in studies published in more recent years, with a pooled HO prevalence of 5% (0% to 13%; I2: 92.26%) among studies published in the past 15 years compared with 18% (12% to 25%; I2: 92.49%) among studies published before then.

Conclusion:

Although studies reported a relatively low overall rate of HO after a primary TKA, the absence of a single, standardized classification system precludes the comparisons of HO severity between studies. Overall, HO prevalence seems to have decreased over time, likely reflecting the changes in perioperative medication protocols.
Examining Parameters of Surface Quality Performance of Paulownia Wood Materials Modified by Thermal Compression Technique
Authors: Candan Zeki , Gonultas Oktay , Volkan Gorgun Hizir , Unsal Oner
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal compression process on some surface properties of paulownia solid wood materials. The widest surface of wood samples was mechanically compressed at high temperatures. The duration was 45 min. Four different process combinations were created, including two temperatures (150 °C and 170 °C) and two pressure levels (20 bar and 22.5 bar). The surface roughness, wettability and color properties of treated and untreated samples were compared. The roughness properties, both parallel and perpendicular to grain direction, were determined according to JIS B 0601:1994 standard. The contact angle changes of water dripped to the surface were measured according to time. For color properties, a spectrophotometer was used according to CIE L*a*b* system. The color changes were classified according to a grading method from literature. The most remarkable results on wettability were observed. The contact angle values significantly increased with this method. Although higher temperature increased the contact angle values, higher pressures did not change the values. When the surface roughness values were generally considered, this technique could decrease the values up to 40 % ratio according to the control group. Only the combination of 150 °C and 20 bar did not significantly change the values. Lastly, the results of color properties showed that all treatment parameters significantly affected total color change values of samples. Grading results were similar and the color change of modified samples graded as the lowest color difference, except with the combination of 150 °C and 20 bar. The combination of 170 °C and 22.5 bar (highest treatment conditions) significantly changed all color characteristics of samples, except b* parameter. The results of this research showed that mechanical thermal compression method could change surface properties of this fast-growing species.
Putting the Dutch Child Labour Due Diligence Act into Perspective
Authors: Enneking Liesbeth
Published: July 2021

Putting the Dutch Child Labour Due Diligence Act into Perspective An Assessment of the CLDD Act’s Legal and Policy Relevance in the Netherlands and Beyond

In May 2019, the Dutch senate adopted a private member’s bill introducing a due diligence obligation for companies bringing goods or services onto the Dutch market with respect to the use of child labour in their supply chains. The aim of this article is to place this Child Labour Due Diligence (CLDD) Act in the national and international legal context and to discuss its relevance for the broader debate on international responsible business conduct (IRBC) in global value chains. The article shows that the CLDD Act introduces a due diligence obligation in this context that is new to Dutch law, as is the public law supervisor that is to be tasked with its enforcement. However, it does nothing to broaden the possibilities for access to remedies for victims of child labour beyond those already in existence. The article also shows that when compared with 2017 the French Duty of Vigilance Law, which is the only other mandatory due diligence law to have been adopted so far, the CLDD Act stands out in several respects. It is overshadowed, however, by the European parliament’s recent adoption of an ambitious outline for a future EU due diligence directive. Nonetheless, in view of the fact that it remains unclear for now whether the future EU directive on this topic will display the same level of ambition as the current proposal, the CLDD Act will remain relevant from an international perspective also for some time to come.
Predators and Pests
Authors: Eichler Lauren , Baumeister David ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: July 2021

The tethering of Indigenous peoples to animality has long been a central mechanism of settler colonialism. Focusing on North America from the seventeenth century to the pres­ent, this essay argues that Indigenous animalization stems from the settler imposition onto Native Americans of dualistic notions of human/animal difference, coupled with the settler view that full humanity hinges on the proper cultivation of land. To further illustrate these claims, we attend to how Native Americans have been and continue to be animalized as both predators and pests, and show how these modes of animalization have and continue to provide settlers motive and justification for the elimination of Native peoples and the extractive domination of Native lands.
Un-Settling Species Concepts through Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Sinclair Rebekah ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: July 2021

The voices of Native American philosophers, scientists, and storytellers need to be amplified to problematize and decolonize the often taken-for-granted concept of species in environmental ethics. Especially in the context of climate change, concepts such as cross-species native,invasive, and endangered species have become cornerstones for understanding and evaluating moral obligations to other lives.Yet, even as the species concept does ethical work, it has not itself been subject to critical ethical evaluation. Instead, uncritical treatment of the species concept can naturalize Western metaphysical conceptual habits in ways that both support settler colonial organization of the world and conflict with Indigenous ontological and ethico-epistemological understandings of species. This can be especially problematic as scientists and environmentalists increasingly seek to engage Indigenous knowledge of particular species (for the purposes of conservation, for example) while assuming the sovereignty and objectivity of Western scientific taxonomies and species concepts. Yet, far from being objective and neutral with respect to culture, Western species concepts and taxonomies were first universalized and naturalized in part through the cooption and dismissal of Indigenous species knowledges.
Metaphorical and Literal Groundings
Authors: Cook Anna , Sheehey Bonnie ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: July 2021

Accounts of grounded normativity in Indigenous philosophy can be used to challenge the groundlessness of Western environmental ethical approaches such as Aldo Leopold’s land ethic. Attempts to ground normativity in mainstream Western ethical theory deploy a metaphorical grounding that covers up the literal grounded normativity of Indigenous philosophical practices. Furthermore, Leopold’s land ethic functions as a form of settler philosophical guardianship that works to erase, assimilate, and effectively silence localized Indigenous knowledges through a delocalized ethical standard. Finally, grounded normativ­ity challenges settlers to question their desire for groundless normative theory and practice as reflective of their evasion of ethical responsibility for the destruction and genocide of Indigenous communities.
Reclaiming Rainmaking from Damming Epistemologies
Authors: Meissner Shelbi Nahwilet ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: July 2021

In California Indian epistemologies, water, land, language, and knowledge are intimately connected through ancient cycles of research, ceremony, and kinship. Since creation, ‘atáaxum champúulam//Luiseño medicine people sang for rain, holding ceremonies that kept the riv­ers full, the plants strong, and our people from thirst. Rainmaking in this essay serves as an example of an Indigenous lifeway and practice that was subjected to colonial violence; rainmaking also serves as a more figurative and emblematic example of a central feature of Indigenous epistemologies in which language, land, governance/clan systems, and ceremony are linked together as an embodied practice. Embodied practices and the cluster of concepts connected to them are contrasted throughout this essay with parcels, or aspects of Indigenous lifeways that are rendered as individualized pieces or as mere resources. Indigenous lifeways are rendered as parcels or mere resources through a process of structural epistemic injustice (contributory injustice) that can be referted to as epistemic damming. Through contributory injustice, or epistemic damming, settler colonial legal and academic structures have transformed Indigenous practices by rendering them into parcels, or mere resources, and doling them out piecemeal back to Indigenous communities as a lackluster gesture at justice. This essay (1) provides sorely underdiscussed historical context of the impacts of settler colonialism on Indigenous lifeways and practices, spotlighting the specific manifestations of settler colonial violence in California, (2) shows how Indigenous practices are epistemically dammed, or subjected to structural contributory injustice, highlighting contemporary examples thereof, and (3) briefly gestures at a now-visible roadmap of avenues of Indigenous resistance with hazards such as contributory injustice flagged along the way.
Karl Rahner’s Work on the Assumption of Mary into Heaven
Authors: Fischer Mark F. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2021

Karl Rahner completed his in 1951 but did not receive permission to publish it from his Jesuit superiors. The work appeared in 2004, twenty years after Rahner’s death. This essay examines his work on the Assumption and the censors’ objections. Rahner’s publication of 1947, “On the Theology of Death,” was appended to the Marian treatise as an “excursus” but laid the foundation for the later work. Rahner interpreted the Assumption as an anticipation of the resurrection of the dead. This essay focuses on three speculations by Rahner: on the relation of the soul to the body, on the maturation of the soul after death, and on the final resurrection as the world’s transformation. The censors criticized Rahner’s theology of death as too speculative and his Mariology as too minimal. Yet ’s treatment of Mary as a sign of hope until the second coming vindicated Rahner.
Book Review: Guide to Streaming Video Acquisitions (An ALCTS Monograph)
Authors: Seiffert Anna
Published: July 2021

Streaming media is prevalent, but it can be a daunting task for those in collection development and acquisitions to determine an appropriate way to provide access to it. This book is for those who have been hesitant to acquire streaming media or feel that they need to evaluate their current strategies regarding streaming media. The book’s stated purpose “is to address the logistics of providing steaming video for the library” (1). The book breaks down the key aspects into ten chapters and includes bibliographic references and an index.
Ocorrência de contaminações por bactérias multirresistentes em leitos hospitalares na Amazônia durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Ribeiro Edlainny Araujo , Carneiro Thais Luz , Andrade Andriele Luz , Alves Joicy Araújo Gomes
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: Objetivos: Determinar o fenótipo de susceptibilidade frente aos antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas antes e depois da desinfecção de leitos em dois hospitais no Sudeste do Pará. Métodos: Estudo do tipo descritivo, realizado em dois hospitais no Sudeste do Estado do Pará, um de baixa e média complexidade- hospital A (HA) e outro média e alta complexidade- hospital B (HB). A identificação quanto ao gênero e espécie seguiram as recomendações da ANVISA e para determinação do perfil de susceptibilidade frente aos antimicrobianos as recomendações do BrCAST. Resultados: Das superfícies avaliadas 62,5% (50/80) apresentaram positividade. Dessas verificou-se maior frequência no hospital A 67,5% (27/40). Quanto ao perfil de susceptibilidade das bactérias gram-negativas, observou-se que os isolados nos leitos do hospital A e B apresentaram elevada resistência às cefalosporinas e penicilinas, podendo chegar a 100%. Observou-se também que 54,0% (27/50) das cepas isoladas nos dois hospitais multirresistentes.  Considerações finais: A resistência bacteriana é um problema emergente de saúde pública que exige esforço para a sua mitigação e foi detectada de forma significativa nos dois hospitais. Portanto, é imprescindível a triagem de leitos para contaminação por cepas MDRs, além da adoção das boas práticas para controle, como a compilação de higiene ambiental, das mãos e culturas de vigilância.
Marx's approach to international relations
Authors: Slović Srđan
Published: July 2021

Marx did not deal explicitly with the theory of international relations but these relations were the part of the study of society and state. Marx put in the centre of his analysis economic activity and saw conflicts among peoples as the result of class struggle but not as the anarchical structure of international system itself. He also saw conflicts in the imperialistic structure of international system, which is the result of the lack of demand with national states. Marx put in the second place the relations of balance and power so as to put the individual in the first place. All this was the result of individualism and humanism. In that sense, Marx will be considered as the precursor of critical theories of society and international relations. Marx did not think of the establishment of peaceful relations among states by means of collective security since that system was not developed at his time. That system was realized by means of balance of power at international congresses and conferences. For Marx, the only way to reach peace was through dictatorship of proletariat by conquering economic and political power. The main critic of Marx comes from Habermas as neomarxist. He did not want to make a break with Marxism but to adapt it to new circumstances. It was the same as Marx critic of Hegel - to turn his dialectics upside down and reveal in that mystic layer rational core.
Acción Colectiva por la Educación: o assalto à educação chilena
Authors: Fiera Letícia
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre as novas formas de associação burguesa no Chile, expressos na Acción Colectiva por la Educación, organização composta por diversos aparelhos privados de hegemonia educacional. A proposta dirigiu-se à problematização das novas formas de organização burguesa, aparelhos de ação política que incidem sobre as políticas educacionais. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados para realização deste texto foram: pesquisa documental e bibliográfica e análise de redes sociais. Identificamos que uma fração da burguesia chilena, especialmente as organizações empresariais, configuram novas formas de associações coletivas. Esta elite orgânica busca manter um controle hegemônico nas determinações do capital sobre a educação lastreada nas recomendações de organismos multilaterais.
Acceso y uso de las nuevas tecnologías para aprender matemática desde la perspectiva del estudiante
Authors: Rodriguez Mabel Alicia , González Víctor Hugo , Rodríguez Doris
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es describir, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, su desempeño en la habilidad de acceder y utilizar nuevas tecnologías para aprender matemática. El contexto de la investigación es el Taller Inicial Orientado a Matemática, una de las primeras asignaturas de la Universidad Nacional General Sarmiento, Argentina. Enmarcamos, teóricamente, el estudio en el Enfoque Cognitivo en Educación Matemática, considerando, en particular, las habilidades matemáticas. Incluimos aquí el diseño de una rúbrica que permite evaluar el acceso y uso de nuevas tecnologías para el aprendizaje de la matemática, considerada como habilidad. Diseñamos y fundamentamos un cuestionario, y lo aplicamos a todos los alumnos del Taller, en el primer trimestre de 2021. Analizamos los datos desde una perspectiva cuantitativa-cualitativa. Esto permite, además de lograr la descripción esperada, proponer una tipología de desempeños, respecto a esta habilidad. Finalmente, expresamos perspectivas que abren este estudio.
Os professores da Escola Normal do Pará no período de 1900 a 1919
Authors: Gutierres Damiana Valente Guimarães , Castro César Augusto
Published: July 2021

O artigo trata da trajetória de professores da Escola Normal do Pará no período de 1900 a 1919, com o objetivo de verificar se tais trajetórias os revelam como intelectuais de seu tempo. O estudo teve como referência o conceito de práticas culturais de Michael de Certeau (2014). A concepção de intelectual se baseou em Vieira (2011, 2015), para quem as regras de reconhecimento do intelectual incluem credenciais formais como diplomas e títulos, mas também a capacidade de persuasão decorrente de habilidades retóricas e textuais. Com base no método da prosopografia utilizou-se como procedimento de pesquisa o estudo documental. Dos trinta e quatro professores encontrados, foram analisados seis. A formação desses professores era variada: direito, engenharia, literatura e sacerdotal. Além de professores, exerceram outras profissões como: jornalista, escritor, compositor, crítico de arte, pianista, poeta, literato, prosador e noticiarista. Assumiram cargos e posições de destaque social como: cônsul em Caiena, diretor da instrução pública, diretores de escola, deputado estadual, prefeito, desembargador do Tribunal de Justiça, membro do Conselho Superior de Ensino, membros fundadores da Academia Paraense de Letras e do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Pará. Tais posições sociais e profissionais evidenciam o exercício de liderança política, distinção social, habilidades de oratória e poder de persuasão. Suas habilidades orais e escritas lhes permitiam não apenas produzir literatura, arte e conhecimentos, mas também a elaboração e veiculação de ideias. Como figuras públicas influenciavam o meio acadêmico, literário e político da sociedade em que viviam. Sem dúvida, eram intelectuais de seu tempo.
La repolitización de la sociedad como sentimentalización de la política. ¿Superación del privatismo civil?
Authors: Ortega-Esquembre César , Ortega Miguel
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo se propone analizar el par conceptual “privatismo civil / politización de la sociedad”. El objetivo es cuestionar si una de las formas concretas que adoptan hoy los procesos de repolitización de la sociedad civil, a saber, el llamado politainment y la sentimentalización del relato político, constituye o no una superación del privatismo civil. Para ello reconstruiremos primero la aparición del privatismo civil en el capitalismo tardío. En segundo lugar, analizaremos el surgimiento de esa conciencia ciudadana participativa que tiene su germen en los movimientos sociales de protesta postmaterialistas de finales de los sesenta. En tercer lugar, estudiaremos los procesos de sentimentalización y espectacularización del relato político. Sobre la base de este recorrido, en último lugar argumentaremos en contra de la tesis de una superación del privatismo civil.
Democracia y digitalización: implicaciones éticas de la IA en la personalización de contenidos a través de interfaces de voz
Authors: Pedrero Esteban Luis Miguel , Pérez Escoda Ana
Published: July 2021

La inteligencia artificial (ia) en todos sus desarrollos avanza a mayor velocidad que la capacidad de instituciones y organismos para ofrecer respuestas legales, pero también deontológicas: asumir las implicaciones éticas de los nuevos escenarios digitales donde la tecnología aprende de las rutinas humanas con el fin de personalizar los contenidos resulta fundamental desde las esferas académica, política y empresarial. Este trabajo ofrece un marco interpretativo de la evolución de los altavoces inteligentes y asistentes de voz como herramientas de singularización de la información en paralelo al estudio del marco europeo para la creación de una ética de la ia. Los resultados muestran un esfuerzo de las instituciones por responder ante un avance imparable y demuestran que la ia no puede ser atendida únicamente mediante una normativización legal, sino que supone, sobre todo, una cuestión de preferencia ética.
APPRENTISSAGE EXPÉRIENTIEL : UNE EXPÉRIENCE AU SEIN D’UNE CLINIQUE UNIVERSITAIRE EN TRAVAIL SOCIAL UNIQUE AU CANADA!
Authors: Sasseville Nathalie , Juneau Sandra
Published: July 2021

L’enjeu du programme de formation universitaire en travail social est de bien préparer la relève professionnelle à faire face à des problèmes sociaux de plus en plus complexes dans un contexte de changements majeurs dans l’organisation des services de santé et de services sociaux. Pour ce faire, les futures professionnelles doivent posséder à la fois les compétences de base générales et celles plus spécialisées toutes deux nécessaires à l’intervention (Noël et coll., 2010). Pour y parvenir, l’immersion des futures travailleuses sociales dans des situations de pratique professionnelles réelles et supervisées est une avenue à privilégier. C’est dans ce contexte que, depuis 2017, l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi a élaboré une démarche pédagogique menant à l’implantation d’une Clinique universitaire de travail social (CUTS) unique au Canada. Cette démarche permet aux étudiantes du baccalauréat en travail social d’intervenir avant les stages auprès de familles vivant des difficultés, et ce, sous la supervision de travailleuses sociales conseil. Elle leur permet ainsi d’expérimenter les différentes étapes du processus de l’intervention sociale selon une approche court terme systémique. De plus, les activités pédagogiques mettent en scène la tenue de groupes de codéveloppement intra et interprofessionnel favorisant l’apprentissage par les pairs grâce au partenariat développé entre les Unités d’enseignement en adaptation scolaire et sociale et du travail social. Le but de cet article est de décrire la méthode pédagogique utilisée actuellement par la CUTS et qui s’appuie sur une approche expérientielle.
Los retos de la transformación digital para el derecho de participación política en el mundo rural
Authors: Sarrión Esteve Joaquín
Published: July 2021

La tecnología siempre nos ha acompañado a lo largo de nuestra vida, pero en ocasiones se producen saltos cualitativos de notable relevancia, como sucedió con la imprenta, el barco de vapor, la revolución industrial o las tecnologías de radio, televisión, el ordenador personal, o internet. La transformación digital y todas las tecnologías que conlleva no constituyen por tanto una anomalía en el avance científico-tecnológico, pero sí una nueva revolución que ya está impactando en la forma que tiene el ser humano de aproximarse a la realidad que le rodea, de entender el mundo, e incluso de entenderse a sí mismo y a los demás.
Este trabajo trata de realizar una aproximación -desde la reflexión constitucional- a los retos que plantea esta transformación digital y las tecnologías respecto de la participación política, como derecho, en el mundo rural.
Aviation industry during the siege of Leningrad (on the materials of the City Committee of the CPSU (b)
Authors: Prigodich Nikita Dmitrievich
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the aviation industry during the siege of Leningrad. This topic is gaining relevance due to the recently published documents dedicated to the work of the higher party authorities in the period from 1941 to 1944. In the summer-autumn of 1941, Leningrad was detached from the “main land”. In these conditions, the full operational control over resource base of the city fell on the shoulders of the Soviet and party authorities, who received additional powers, and thus, responsibilities. The author provides an alternative outlook on the activity of the Leningrad plants under the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry of the USSR, not from the perspective of classical reconstruction of the history of aviation industry in the USSR during the war, but a specific managerial task that was resolved by the party leadership using the general resource base. The conclusion is made that despite the evacuation of the vast majority of production facilities of aviation industry during the war, the resource base was adapted to the specific tasks of the Leningrad Front. The city manufactured the industrial products in accordance with the orders and requirements of the Soviet Air Force. Mobilization of the Leningrad industrial base for the tasks of aviation units during the war years in many ways became a crucial factor in maintaining the combat effectiveness of the Air Force, namely during the rough winter of 1941/1942, when the replenishment of aviation units with new equipment ceased  for the most part.
Physicochemical Investigations of Hydrogels Containing Gold Nanoparticles Designed for Biomedical Use
Authors: Głąb Magdalena , Kudłacik-Kramarczyk Sonia , Drabczyk Anna , Grabowska Beata , Tyliszczak Bożena
Published: July 2021

Currently, many investigations are being performed to develop dressing materials with a positive effect on the wound healingprocess. In general, innovative dressings should ensure wound exudate absorption, constitute an external barrier limiting thepossibility of wound contamination and, importantly, also provide therapeutic properties. This work is focused on obtainingmaterials with potential use as dressings for treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds. The synthesis methodology of acrylic hydrogelsmodified with selected modifiers, i.e. arabic gum, nanogold, bee pollen and chamomile extract, was developed. Next, thesorption properties of the materials were determined as well as their behavior during the incubation in fluids imitating theenvironment of the human body. Additionally, the impact of such an incubation on their structure was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy.It was proved that the modifiers affected the sorption properties of hydrogels, i.e. samples with additives showed evenapprox. 2.5-fold lower swelling ability. In turn, incubation of hydrogels in simulated body fluids did not cause any rapid changesin pH, which may indicate the biocompatibility of the tested materials with the tested fluids. Thus, it may be concluded that thedeveloped materials show great application potential for biomedical purposes and may be subjected to more advanced studiessuch as cytotoxicity assessments towards selected cell lines.