bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Lessons for the Course Introduction to Computing through Online/Offline Mode (ICOM): Its Development and Evaluation
Authors:   School of Information and Communications Technology, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines, Bacio Jr. Salvador P.
Published: June 2024

Conducting video lessons is a common trend in today’s new normal educational setup. Hence, it is crucial to initiate efforts to evaluate this strategy. This developmental research developed and evaluated an online/offline video lesson for the course Introduction to Computing. Selected via cluster sampling, twenty first-year students from a state university, four information technology experts, two curriculum experts, and one language teacher participated in the study. A researcher-made examination and an adapted evaluation form for video materials were utilized in the study. Results showed that the three least achieved computing skills were: (a) logical and critical thinking domains like explaining the different jobs, functions, professions, and careers in the field, identifying computing hardware and others; (b) technical domains like identifying input, output, processing, and storage devices and others; and (c) analytical domains such as text alignment, addition of line breaks and others. The overall evaluation of the acceptability of the video materials was very acceptable (M = 3.69) in terms of content (M = 3.79), instructional quality (M = 3.68), technical quality (M = 3.65), presentation and organization (M = 3.64), accuracy and up-to-datedness of information (M = 3.64), and assessment (M = 3.71). The students who achieved the objectives of the video lessons experienced a more personalized learning journey. Further research on and use of the strategy in various academic settings is recommended.
Impacted mandibular 3 molar- An enigma in diagnosis
Authors: Ayesha Humera
Published: June 2024

The clinical presentation of third molar impaction cases differs from patient to patient. The different clinical aspects of mandibular third molar impactions include pain at the site or radiating pain in the jaw, trismus, cheek bite, difficulty in mastication abscess formation requiring incision and drainage. A significant number of cases are asymptomatic and are detected only on routine radiographic examination. A few cases also show unusual symptoms and clinical presentation. Hence the present case is intended to publish the unusual or the incomplete presentation, creating a diagnostic enigma.
Design of an intelligent fire protection system
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Institute of Computer Science and Information Sys-tems, Higher School of Computer Technologies and Information Systems, Malykhina G.F. , Zhirakova P.S. ,   SPbPU, Institute of Cybersecurity and Computer Science, Higher School of Cyberphysical Systems and Control, St. Petersburg, Militsyn A.V. ,   SPbPU, Institute of Cybersecurity and Computer Science, Higher School of Cyberphysical Systems and Control
Published: June 2024

Fire protection systems utilize detectors that process signals from fire sensors using threshold-based methods and gen-erate a fire signal based on a logical function. Artificial neural networks can enhance these detectors by processing in-formation from a network of sensors after being trained. To train these neural networks, extensive data sets are neces-sary, which can be obtained through fire simulations on a supercomputer. Field tests are costly, subject to random fac-tors, limited to one or two rooms, and do not provide a comprehensive picture of fire development. Thus, designing intelligent fire systems falls under model-based design. Through modeling, large data sets were generated for training fire system algorithms, expanding the range of tasks they can address. A group of neural networks is proposed for op-timizing the placement of multi-parameter sensors, identifying the type of burning material, detecting fires at early stages, and localizing the fire zone to select appropriate extinguishing agents. Artificial neural networks enable the pre-diction of fire development, mapping hazardous factors' distribution to find optimal evacuation routes. An example of model-based design for a ship fire protection system is provided.
End-to-end mobile application development technology for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Guryev V.V. , Shabalina O.A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Sadovnikova N.P. ,   Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Voronina A.A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Kosyakov S.V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Dmitriev N.M. ,   Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU)
Published: June 2024

The features of developing mobile applications for users with intellectual disabilities are examined. A technology for developing mobile applications is proposed, utilizing a template multi-module architecture that allows for the selection of ready-made functional solutions from a module repository. A method for developing an adaptable mobile applica-tion interface is described, including the creation of screen templates with interface elements, categorizing template elements into mandatory and optional, and matching each element with sets of possible images. A web system is out-lined that supports the stages of creating and operating mobile applications with an adaptable interface. Examples of developed mobile applications demonstrate their effectiveness for users with intellectual disabilities. A method is pro-posed for adapting the mobile application interface using a configuration panel, which supports the life cycle of mobile applications for this user category. An ontology was selected as a formal model for representing knowledge, enabling the extraction of knowledge for developing mobile applications with an adaptable interface and applying it to create applications accessible to people with intellectual disabilities.
Building an ontology to systematize the characteristics of the Internet of Things network
Authors:   Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS, Isaeva O.S.
Published: June 2024

A formalization of the Internet of Things network model designed for monitoring technological premises with tele-communications equipment at the Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS" is presented. The network includes measuring devices, a telecommunications environment, data collection servers, and application soft-ware. For information interaction, a “publisher-subscriber” scheme and a lightweight protocol with a low load on com-munication channels are used. An ontology has been created that describes the network architecture and the properties of devices that collect, transmit, store, and process data. The ontology contains classes representing the concepts of the subject area, relationships, data properties, ranges of their changes, and critical values that limit the attributes of ontol-ogy elements. Ontology objects have their own digital representation in databases, including measurement results ob-tained by Internet of Things network sensors, precedents of anomalous data, and their statistical and frequency char-acteristics. This formalization made it possible to identify implicit dependencies between objects, connect them with the characteristics of processes observed by Internet of Things network devices, and solve practical tasks. The problem of selecting characteristics that influence changes in information interaction patterns is considered. A survey of experts was carried out, and a Kano model was built to prioritize the characteristics that influence decision-making on the or-ganization of an information interaction scheme in the Internet of Things network.
An ensemble of ontological models for intelligent support of laser additive manufacturing processes
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Control Processes Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), Gribova V.V. ,   Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Kulchin Yu.N. ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), Nikitin A.I. ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS),   Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Timchenko V.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS),   Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU)
Published: June 2024

Barriers hindering the use of additive manufacturing processes for metal parts production are discussed. The necessity of integrating an intelligent decision support system (DSS) into the professional activities of laser additive manufactur-ing engineers is substantiated. The advantages of the developed ontological two-level approach for forming semantic information are highlighted. This approach's peculiarity lies in separating ontological models from the databases and knowledge formed on their basis—target information. The ontology dictates the rules for the structured formation and interpretation of target information. An ensemble of ontological models, forming the foundation of the developed intel-ligent system, is presented. The composition of the ensemble, the purpose of its individual components, and possible types of connections between them are described. The ensemble includes ontologies for reference databases on equip-ment and materials for laser additive manufacturing, an archive of protocols for technological operations of laser pro-cessing, a knowledge base about settings for laser processing modes, and a database of mathematical models. The en-semble of ontological models is implemented on the IACPaaS cloud platform using its tools. Ontologies, databases, knowledge bases, and a decision support system are part of the Laser Additive Manufacturing Knowledge Portal. Ac-cumulating and using the knowledge and experience from different technologists in the portal will reduce the number of preliminary experiments needed to identify suitable technological modes and lower the qualification requirements for users of technological equipment.
Transformation of the Tax System of Russia at the Present Stage
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Financial Law of the Law Faculty of the Voronezh State University, LL.D., Krasyukov Andrey V.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the process of transformation of the Russian tax system at the present time. The author analyzes the changes in the procedure for establishing taxes and fees that have taken place in recent years. As part of the study, the author comes to the conclusion about the negative nature of such changes, mediating the transfer of powers to establish taxes and fees to the subordinate level. The author analyzed the procedure for collecting a fee from foreign investors when exiting Russian assets and made a conclusion about the tax nature of this payment. The consequences of introducing taxes of a one-time nature, leading to a distortion of the legal structure of the tax, are also analyzed. In connection with the findings obtained, the article formulates conclusions about the need to transform the principles of tax.
Uncertainty Failures in the Legal Regulation of Tax Control in the Artificial Intelligence Application Conditions
Authors:   Lecturer of the Center for Tax Administration and Financial Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Tax Advisor at Soglasie, LLC, Chelnokov Dmitry M.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the problems of legal regulation of tax control that have arisen in connection with the use by tax authorities of new information technologies for checking taxpayers, when IT systems assume more and more control, analytical, organizational and managerial functions, remaining outside the framework of tax legislation. Conclusions have been drawn on the need for legislative regulation of the use of information systems in tax control. As guidelines for overcoming the failures of legal uncertainty in the control and analytical activities of tax authorities conducted with the use of digital technologies, a group of specialized norms-principles that are applicable in the design of legal regulation of tax control in the conditions of advanced development of IT systems is proposed.
La migración irregular de las mujeres del triángulo norte de Centroamérica hacia Estados Unidos. Una reflexión desde la teoría de la reproducción social
Authors: Pineda Salazar Sibyl Italia
Published: June 2024

Durante las últimas décadas, la migración desde el Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica se ha feminizado, transformando sus características, efectos y desafíos. Las mujeres enfrentan condiciones que agravan su vulnerabilidad en sus países de origen y las normas de género influyen en su movilidad. Desde la Teoría de la Reproducción Social, se observa que la migración femenina es consecuencia de las contradicciones en la acumulación de capital, que generan desigualdad económica y social, y situaciones de violencia de las cuales no pueden escapar. Este artículo discute, desde esta teoría, la migración irregular de las mujeres centroamericanas hacia Estados Unidos, concluyendo que emigran debido a la desigualdad y violencia de género generadas por el modelo rentista-transnacional vigente en Centroamérica. Sin embargo, su vulnerabilidad persiste en Estados Unidos, donde se reproducen las condiciones desiguales y de opresión de género presentes en su contexto de origen.
International anti-drug policies and corrupt public-private coalitions: perspectives from a criminology of the global south
Authors: Pérez-Salazar Bernardo , Silva García Germán
Published: June 2024

Las estructuras criminales que manejan el tráfico internacional de drogas en el hemisferio occidental están mal caracterizadas e interpretadas en las políticas y estrategias internacionales antidrogas. Su caracterización como cárteles y el papel que presuntamente desempeñan en el tráfico internacional de drogas y la cadena de valor se basa en premisas ideológicas engañosas difundidas por políticos, medios de comunicación y organismos de control penal. Al mismo tiempo, las políticas internacionales antidrogas recompensan a los organismos oficiales de control penal con la expansión continua de sus poderes y presupuestos para llevar a cabo intervenciones extraterritoriales, aumentando la violencia organizada, la corrupción y la infracción de los derechos y libertades fundamentales. En las conclusiones se discuten directrices más fértiles para las políticas internacionales antidrogas en el futuro.
Regulación de plataformas: análisis crítico 2007-2022
Authors: Buquet Gustavo , Thevenet Nicolás
Published: June 2024

La discusión sobre la regulación de plataformas se ha centrado, tanto en la academia, como en organismos internacionales y agencias de la competencia, en las herramientas del modelo neoclásico de regulación: cuotas de mercado y análisis de bienestar, entre otras. Más recientemente el big data y los algoritmos han pasado a ser centrales en estos debates. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, desde una perspectiva crítica, la evolución de esta discusión, su impacto en las diferentes propuestas legislativas, y el largo período que llevó a la Unión Europea a adoptar, en 2022, la regulación de estas corporaciones. Adicionalmente, se sugieren nuevos instrumentos de políticas públicas que puedan superar estas nuevas normativas.
Zrównoważone systemy transportowe miast – wprowadzenie do problematyki
Authors: Podgórniak-Krzykacz Aldona , Przywojska Justyna
Published: June 2024

Rozdział „Zrównoważone systemy transportowe miast – wprowadzenie” nakreśla kontekst rozważań prowadzonych przez poszczególnych Autorów kolejnych części monografii. Kierunkiem działań współczesnej miejskiej polityki transportowej jest dążenie do kształtowania zrównoważonych, inteligentnych i odpornych systemów transportowych. Równocześnie, wszechobecna dominacja samochodów osobowych jako środka mobilności prowadzi do licznych negatywnych konsekwencji jak: kongestia transportowa czy zanieczyszczenie powietrza. Władze miejskie muszą mierzyć się z tymi konsekwencjami, jednocześnie zaspokajając potrzeby użytkowników miast w zakresie dostępności, niezawodności i bezpieczeństwa transportu. Generalnym celem niniejszej monografii jest zdiagnozowanie wyzwań stojących przed współczesną polityką transportową miast, zidentyfikowanie postrzegania przez użytkowników transportu tych wyzwań oraz odpowiadających im rozwiązań wdrażanych w ramach miejskich systemów transportowych. Monografia składa się z 7 rozdziałów, w których analizowano kolejno zagadnienia: kongestii transportowej, jakości usług lokalnego transportu zbiorowego, determinant korzystania z kolei algomeracyjnej, integracji transportu kolejowego i rowerowego w aglomeracji, wdrażania inteligentnych systemów transportowych w miastach, mobilności współdzielonej w miejskich systemach transportowych oraz rozwoju elektromobilności. We wszystkich rozdziałach zaprezentowano wyniki badań prowadzonych wśród użytkowników miejskich systemów transportowych. Umożliwiło to sformułowanie ciekawych wniosków, a w konsekwencji uczyniło monografię interesującym źródłem wiedzy dla praktyków samorządowych, studentów i naukowców zainteresowanych problematyką zrównoważonej logistyki miejskiej.
Impact of Local Melatonin Application on Expression Level of Osteogenic Marker (Runx2) and Post-orthodontic Relapse in Ovine Model: A Split Mouth Study
Authors: Alsoufy Saif S. , Dewachi Zaid , Abdoo Jasim M.
Published: June 2024

Background: Retaining teeth in their proper alignment after orthodontic treatment can be highly challenging. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of locally injected melatonin in improving bone remodelling and reducing post-orthodontic relapse. Methods: The third incisors on the right and left quadrants of six sheep were removed and the second and fourth incisors were brought close together by using a sectional orthodontic appliance. Melatonin solution was injected near and parallel to the mesial surface of the second incisor and the distal surface of the fourth incisor on one quadrant while the other quadrant received 1% dimethyl sulphoxide as a control. Four weeks later, the orthodontic appliance was debonded and the teeth were allowed to move back. By utilizing digital analysis, the relapse distance of the approximated incisors was measured at 21 and 42 days respectively after appliance removal. Histological and mRNA expression analysis of osteogenic marker (Runx2) were conducted to evaluate the periodontal space width and the surrounding alveolar bone of the melatonin-treated and control side incisors. Result: clinical and histological measurements showed that the approximated incisors in the melatonin-treated quadrant had a significantly shorter relapse distance (p≤0.05), significantly smaller periodontal ligament width (p≤0.05) and significantly larger new bone area formation (p≤0.05) than in the control quadrant. The mRNA expression level of the osteogenic marker (Runx2) was significantly larger (p≤0.05) in the melatonin-treated quadrant than in the control quadrant. The outcomes of this research suggest that melatonin can enhance bone remodelling and reduce post-orthodontic relapse in sheep.
Identification of Resistant Genotypes against Stem Fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) in Soybean
Authors: Channakeshava R. , Somanagouda G. , Vinoda N.S.
Published: June 2024

Background: Soybean, Glycine max has gained paramount importance in the agriculture of this country. Contribution of soybean in the oilseed basket of the world has been maximum. In India, of late, the cultivation and utilization of soybean has picked up rapidly. Insect infestation is considered to be the single largest impediment among several abiotic and biotic factors. Among them, stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnter) is the number one pest of soybean in southern India causing infestation up to a level of 75 to 90 per cent. Hence, the study was carried out to identify the potential donar of resistance in soybean to stem fly. Methods: The trial was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications during kharif 2022 and 2023. Twenty-one soybean genotypes were screened against stem fly, M. sojae with one check variety JS 335 under in-vivo condition. Observation on seedling mortality was recorded at weekly intervals up to 30 days after germination. Stem fly incidence and stem tunneling due to stem fly at flowering and harvesting stage were recorded and percentage was worked out. Result: The pooled data of two years concluded that, the soybean genotypes DSb 34, DLSb 1, KDS 1096 and NRC 197 could be found under resistant genotype, while DLSb 3, JS 23-09, MAUS 795, NRC 195, NRC 196 and MAUS 791 as moderately resistant. JS 23-03, JS 335, VLS 102, DSb 21, RSC 11-42 and RVS 13-20 were categorized as low resistant genotypes as against SL 1282, RSC 11-35 and PS 1682 as susceptible and CAUMS-2 and AS 24 genotypes as highly susceptible irrespective of the crop growth stages.
A clinical example of the effective use of collapse surgery in a patient with a cavity formation of an operated lung complicated by recurrent pulmonary hemoptysis
Authors: Donchenko D. V. , Tarasov R. V. , Chashchina M. V. , Sadovnikova S. S. , Adamovskaya E. N. , Krasnikova E. V. , Bagirov M. A.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. To date, all pathognomonic clinical and radiological signs have not been identified for any disease manifested in the form of cavities in the lung, which leads to diagnostic errors, the frequency of which varies from 19 to 93.7% in various pathological processes in the lungs. The clinical course of most forms of cavities can often be complicated by the development of respiratory failure and/or pulmonary hemoptysis/bleeding.

Aim: to demonstrate the result of surgical treatment of a patient with a cavity formation of an operated lung complicated by recurrent pulmonary hemoptysis.

Object and methods. A clinical case of successful application of extrapleural pneumolysis with the installation of a silicone implant from the operated lung as a method of eliminating sanitized cavities is described.

Clinical case description. Patient M., 54 years old, long-term follow-up for rheumatoid arthritis, receiving courses of immunosuppressive therapy, noted the appearance of cough, a single episode of hemoptysis. Pulmonary tuberculosis was excluded based on the clinical and radiological picture. Due to the recurrence of hemoptysis, an upper lobectomy was performed on the left. In the histological examination of the surgical material: the morphological picture is characteristic of bronchiectasis of the lung with the development of nonspecific purulent granulomatous inflammation. Due to repeated episodes of hemoptysis, extrapleural pneumolysis was performed with the installation of a silicone implant, after which the episodes were not repeated.

Conclusion. The EPSI collapsosurgical method made it possible to preserve the patient's functional reserves as much as possible and compress the lung cavity formation, which confirms its high effectiveness.
Kidney transplantation in recipient with hyperhomocysteinemia: a case report
Authors: Zagorodnikova N. V. , Dmitriev I. V. , Balkarov A. G. , Anisimov Yu. A. , Bulanov A. Yu. , Kostin A. I. , Shmarina N. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. There is an annual increasing of kidney transplantion all over the world. The number of recipients with hyperhomocysteinemia before and after the operation is also increasing, which increases the risk of cardiovascular complications, graft loss and patients’ death.

Materials and methods. A 28-year-old patient with terminal chronic renal desiase in the outcome of chronic glomerulonephritis had underwent an allogeneic kidney transplant from a 52-year-old donor, with confirmed brain death in the outcome of acute hemorrhagic cerebral circulatory disorders.

Results. The early postoperative period has complicated by thrombosis.

Conclusion. The study of blood homocysteine levels is mandatory when examining patients for kidney transplantation.
Clinical, dermatoscopic and pathomorphological differential diagnosis of pigmented and pigmented melanoma of the skin
Authors: Neretin E. Yu. , Titov K. S. , Sorokina M. V. , Yakusheva T. A. , Kozlov G. N.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. The study of pigmented melanoma of the skin is an urgent problem today, because this pathology has an aggressive course, frequent localization on the skin, rare occurrence – no more than 2-8% among other malignant neoplasms of the skin, while it is difficult to diagnose clinically, pathohistologically.

The purpose of the study: to study the clinical, dermatoscopic and pathomorphological diagnosis of pigmented and pigmented melanoma of the skin. As tasks, the possibilities of diagnosing pigmented and pigmentless melanoma of the skin at the stage of consultation, as well as the features of the use of light microscopy and immunohistochemical examination by pathologists were studied.

Material and technical base: Delta Heine 20 dermatoscope, Carl Zeiss Axio Scope A2 light microscope, evaluation of results according to clinical recommendations. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the diagnosis of pigmented, unlike pigmented, melanoma of the skin is difficult due to the lack of characteristic signs. It was concluded that it is advisable to use digital dermatoscopy at the clinical stage; an immunohistochemical examination should be used by a pathologist; if there is doubt about the goodness of the process, an incisional biopsy of the neoplasm with a pathohistological examination is required.
Antegrade choledochoscopy in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a method of diagnosis and treatment of papillostenosis
Authors: Sahabutdinov B. A. , Kurbangaleev A. I. , Sakhabetdinova K. N.
Published: June 2024

In the last 30-40 years, there has been a trend in the incidence of cholelithiasis, which, in turn, is often complicated by the development of papillostenosis of various degrees requiring surgical correction. Currently, it is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of papillostenosis: retrograde choledochopancreatography and endoscopic papillosphincterotomy, but these types of surgical correction of the pathology of large duodenal papilla have a number of disadvantages. In this connection, antegrade choledochoscopy with subsequent augmentation is an option for the diagnosis and correction of papillostenosis narrowing.

Aim: of the study is to study domestic and foreign literature on methods of diagnosis and treatment of papillostenosis. To conduct a comparative analysis of the instrumental methods presented in practice, to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic antegrade choledochoscopy in papillostenosis.

Materials and methods. 31 case histories of a patient who was hospitalized in the Department of Surgery of the Hospital No. 18 from 2013 to 2022 with papilla stenosis complicated by mechanical jaundice, who underwent followed by papillaa ugmentation, were analyzed. A narrowing of the lumen of the papilla of less than 2 mm was considered an indication for antegrade choledochoscopy with buging. The postoperative period in 100 % of patients proceeded without peculiarities. The number of bed-days of hospital stay is 4-6 days, discharged with improvement.Of 100 % of patients - 3.2 % (1 patient) – had a history of papilla restenosis after undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, antegrade choledoscopy and augmentation (4.5 years after the first intervention), he underwent retrograde choledochopancreatography and endoscopic papillosphincterotomy.

Conclusion. As presented for 10 years of experience in the use of antegrade choledochoscopy with the bougie of papilla in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, this technique for the diagnosis and treatment of papillostenosis has a large 5-year effectiveness (96.8 %), sensitivity, both due to the optical component of diagnosis and due to the objective component – bougie. In this connection, this method can be used in the practice of a surgeon.
Thermocoagulation of resection surfaces of parenchymal organs using a new source of ultrahigh frequency energy (experimental study)
Authors: Gorokhov G. G. , Strikovskiy A. V. , Shkalova L. V. , Zagaynov V. E.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. Modern surgery is characterized by the use of various technical means to perform classical surgical techniques - separation and connection of tissues, hemostasis. The study of the applicability of new surgical devices and the search for technological techniques are an important task.

The aim of the study: to evaluate the capabilities of the developed device based on microwave energy for hemostatic coagula­tion of resection surfaces of parenchymal organs.

Materials and methods. The method is based on the principle of converting microwave energy into heat when it is absorbed in biological tissue. The choice of the microwave range is due to the higher efficiency of power supply to the heat­ing area. Based on the prototype of a medical microwave complex developed in 2011 for thermal effects on biological tissues (RF Patent 2481080. 2011), a prototype of a microwave coagulator for working with parenchymal organs was created. The device was tested on the paren­chymal organs of large laboratory animals under conditions of preserved and switched off blood flow in various energy supply modes. Tissue samples from coagulated lesions were studied histologically.

Results. At the site of exposure of the applicator-coagulator to the parenchymal organ, a zone of coagulation changes appears. A clear dependence of the size of coagulation necrosis on the time and power of exposure was noted. When the blood flow is turned off, the necessary stable hemostasis is achieved by shorter exposure time of the coagulator antenna on the surface of the organ.

Conclusions. The most effective and reliable hemostasis is achieved on the liver parenchyma. The use of temporary vascular isolation, especially on the kidneys and spleen, involves a single use of microwave energy to stop bleeding. By changing the power and duration of exposure, it is possible to dose the thermal load on biological tissue with great precision. This adjustment allows you to select the operating mode for each specific case. The obtained results of the experiment of the described system during surgery for the purpose of hemostasis in parenchymal bleeding.
Crafting roles of clinical instructors in clinical placement in the department of clinical medicine in Kakamega county, Kenya
Authors: Wamalwa B. K. , Situma J. N. , Maragia S. N.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The roles of clinical instructors at the diploma level are lacking despite studies showing clinical instructors are an effective conduit for supporting the transfer of learning needed to address performance gaps in students. Clinical instructors increase the confidence of students in preparation for clinical practice and allow them to reflect on their professional development.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 clinical medicine students attending their clinical placements.

Results: It was established that the core roles of the clinical instructors to clinical medicine students were mentorship to students in the clinical area, demonstrating of the clinical examination, follow-up, and supervising students.

Conclusion: The study concluded that Mentors gave prominence to the needs of the students under their care and helped them manage nervousness during actual clinical practice.
Methods of radiology in the diagnostics of chronic liver diseases
Authors: Savchenkov Yu. N. , Trufanov G. E. , Fokin V. A. , Ionova E. A. , Arakelov S. E. , Titova I. Yu. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Meltonyan A. R.
Published: June 2024

Background. Chronic liver disease is one of the most common diseases. In many countries, liver disease is among the top five causes of death. The liver is one of the main organs responsible for basic metabolic functions, protein and hormone synthesis, detoxification and waste elimination. In chronic liver disease, there is a continuous process of inflammation, destruction and regeneration, ultimately leading to severe dysfunction, causing the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. The main task of the radiation diagnosis of chronic liver disease is the development and introduction into clinical practice of new noninvasive biomarkers for a comprehensive assessment of the structure of the liver parenchyma in order to choose further treatment tactics.

Aim a comprehensive analysis of the modern possibilities of radiation imaging methods in the diagnosis of chronic liver disease.

Materials and methods. The analysis of 107 modern publications of domestic and foreign literature devoted to the diagnosis of chronic liver disease  of various etiologies was carried out.

Conclusion. the review reflects the most common modern and promising methods of radiodiagnosis for chronic liver disease, which in most cases make it possible to avoid invasive interventions in the process of establishing a diagnosis and monitoring the response to treatment
A central vein sign in the magnetic resonance diagnosing of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Potemkina E. A. , Turchinskay I. A. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Trufanov A. G. , Bisaga G. N. , Polushin A. Yu. , Volgina V. V.
Published: June 2024

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease, which is characterized by the inevitable disability of patients in the long term, which determines the relevance of this problem. Currently, active improvements are being made in the methods of diagnosing multiple sclerosis, which include the use of the central vein sign in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a neuroimaging biomarker of MS with high sensitivity and specificity.

Aim of study. Determination of the possibility of assessing the central vein sign (CVS) according to MRI data as a potential diagnostic biomarker of MS.

Object and methods. An open single-center prospective study of brain MR data was conducted in 55 patients with a verified diagnosis of MS (EDSS 1.0-6.5) aged 19 to 72 years. MR-images were obtained on a tomograph with a magnetic field induction force of 3.0 T. Patients underwent MRI of the brain according to the standard protocol: T2-VI, FLAIR, T1-VI (before and after administration of contrast agent), SWI. A comprehensive statistical analysis and evaluation of the obtained MRI data was performed using the Statistica 12 program.

Result. During the evaluation of MR-tomograms, all patients with a verified diagnosis in the foci of MS were found to have CVS. In 14.5 % of patients, CVS was detected in 10-30 % of foci, in 61.8 % of patients in 30-60 %, in 23.6 % of patients, from 60 to 95 % was detected. Accordingly, 52.7 % of patients overcame the threshold value of 45 % required for the differential diagnosis of MS from other conditions.

Conclusion. The use of CVS in MRI helps to solve the problem of differential diagnosis of MS from other demyelinating diseases when using its threshold criterion – the percentage of foci containing central veins.
Organic flexible thermoelectrics for thermal control
Authors: Wang Shu-Jen
Published: June 2024

Despite the lower efficiency for thermoelectric cooling technology compared to conventional mechanical cooling technology, it finds application in commercial portable cooling due to its compactness, simple device design, and low noise. The rapid progress in flexible and wearable electronics opens the need for flexible cooling technology for local thermal regulation where thermoelectric cooling technology offers niche advantages suitable for flexible cooling such as light weight and no moving parts. Organic thermoelectrics hold promise for flexible and wearable cooling applications due to their intrinsic mechanical flexibility, low thermal conductivity, and ease of processing. However, research on organic Peltier cooling devices remains limited, and more work is required to exploit their potential for flexible cooling applications. This review discussed the state-of-the-art organic Peltier cooling devices and the materials and device design considerations required for advancing organic Peltier device technology toward practical applications.
Інтеграція систем з використанням каталогу довідників
Authors: Дзівідзінська М. , Фіногенов О. , Губський А.
Published: June 2024

Обʼєктом дослідження є організація взаємодії між різнорідними системами та зменшення часу для адміністрування ресурсів компанії, за рахунок впровадження каталогу довідників. Метою роботи є організація взаємодії між різно-рідними системами та зменшення часу для адміністрування ресурсів компанії, за рахунок впровадження каталогу довідників. Для досягнення мети було запропоновано використати архітектуру із центральним блоком управління замість використання прямого зʼєднання між системами для обміну даними, принцип графа. Розроблено прототип, у якому реалізовано ієрархічну структуру каталогу довідників, каталог користувачів та систем. На основі дослідження та розробленого функціоналу можна формувати вимоги, розширювати систему прав та доступів, інтегрувати з іншими системами.
Бібл. 9, іл. 5
CNN для вирішення задач Computer vision
Authors: Ковальчук Р. , Польшакова О.
Published: June 2024

Об'єктом дослідження є нейронні мережі в області комп’ютерного зору та аналізу даних. У статті розглядаються ключові принципи та аспекти, що лежать в основі функціонування нейронних мереж. Серед визначених обмежень – складність налаштування гіперпараметрів та обчислювальні витрати, пов’язані із збільшенням глибини мережі та розміру даних для навчання. Мета роботи полягає в аналізі сучасних рішень, пов’язаних із згортковими нейронними мережами (CNN), для вибору оптимальної топології, яка оптимізує вирішення типових завдань CV. Основні методи які розглянуто: згорткові, пулінгові, повнозв’язані, inception шари; різні типи згорток (розширена, часткова, стробована); різні моделі CNN (LeNet, AlexNet, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet). По досягненню мети пропонується використовувати різні методи, такі як зменшення розмірності, нормалізація батчів, розширення та збільшення вибірки, використанняпросунутих методів оптимізації та різних функцій активації, а також комбінації підходів.
Бібл. 10, іл. 4, табл. 1
Evaluation of the Thermo and Photodegradation of Curcumin Contained in Curcuma longa Extracts, Cultuvar from Sibiti (Republic of Congo)
Authors: Aimé Bertrand Madiélé Mabika , Eliane Therèse Biassala , Wenceslas Tamba Sompila Arnaud , Safou Anice Loemba
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermo and photosensitivity of the biomolecules contained in Curcuma longa extracts. The effects of temperature and light on the stability of curcumin were established in this work. The results suggest that temperature and light induce in vitro structural change of the biomolecules available in the extracts. Analysis of the absorption spectra showed that aqueous extracts and hydro-alcoholic extracts do not absorb in the same wavelength. That is, 460 nm and 620 nm for aqueous extracts and 580 nm and 670 nm for hydro-ethanolic extracts. The kinetics of the thermodegradation of extracts studied between 40°C and 95°C for a duration between 0 and 60 minutes, shows the variations of absorbances as a function of temperature. Also, after 60 min of light irradiation, a decrease in the absorbances of the extracts was observed. Hydro-ethanolic extracts have been shown to be insensitive to heat and the effect of light irradiation.
Euclidean Relativity Solves the Hubble Constant Tension
Authors: Niemz Markolf H.
Published: June 2024

Special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of an observer). Relative space and time—or waves and particles—are examples of such concepts. Despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, the perspectives of observers are always egocentric. Even coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR based on a parameterization do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). Relative space and time become “pure distance”. Waves and particles become “pure energy”. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span a 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. For each object, proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER compares to a “heliocentric model 2.0”, where the sun is the center of our solar system but not of our galaxy. That model provides a holistic view from “beyond” (outside) our galaxy. ER provides a holistic view from beyond each observer’s reality. SR and GR remain valid in each observer’s reality, but only ER solves the Hubble constant tension and 14 more mysteries. ER solves them geometrically—without field equations.
Euclidean Relativity Solves the Hubble Constant Tension
Authors: Niemz Markolf H.
Published: June 2024

Special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of an observer). Typical examples are relative spacetime, waves, and particles. Despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, an observer’s perspective is always egocentric. Coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or multiple egocentric perspectives do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. An object’s proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER compares to a “heliocentric model 2.0”, where the sun is the center of our solar system but not of our galaxy. That model provides a holistic view from “beyond” (outside) our galaxy. ER provides a holistic view from beyond each observer’s reality. SR/GR remain valid in each observer’s reality. ER describes the master reality ES and solves 15 mysteries geometrically—without field equations, dark energy, and non-locality.
Fast Screening Algorithm for Satellites Based on Multi‐Constellation System
Authors: Zhou Weidong , Wu Zhiqiang
Published: June 2024

The number of visible navigation satellites in a multi-constellation system increases exponentially compared to a single constellation, significantly increasing the complexity of the system state equations in the data fusion algorithm of a tightly coupled navigation system. This results in an exponential increase in the computation volume for navigation and positioning, seriously affecting real-time performance. To address this, a low-cost, low-computation satellite screening algorithm is proposed. It adaptively changes the number of constellation satellites by setting different screening thresholds and adjusting the number of remaining satellites. The algorithm then sorts and differentiates the azimuth and elevation angles of the screened satellites to form a selection strategy that divides the space region multiple times, enabling fast satellite selection. This approach greatly reduces the calculation amount while ensuring positioning accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm maintains positioning differences within 5 meters compared to traditional satellite selection algorithms, and the time consumed for selecting a single epoch is greatly reduced. This indicates that the algorithm is suitable for low-cost multi-constellation satellite positioning systems.
Sustainability Practices in Supply Chain Management: Insights From Leading Global Firms
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

The present qualitative study delves into the sustainability practices within supply chain management, emphasizing insights garnered from leading global firms. With sustainability becoming an imperative across industries, understanding how top firms integrate sustainable practices within their supply chains offers valuable lessons for broader implementation. The investigation draws on interviews, case studies, and existing literature to identify key strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with sustainable supply chain management. Findings reveal a comprehensive approach involving the adoption of green technologies, ethical sourcing, and stakeholder engagement, all of which contribute to enhanced environmental and social performance. The discussion highlights the critical role of leadership, innovation, and collaboration in driving sustainability, underscoring the need for continuous improvement and adaptation. Ultimately, the study concludes that while significant progress has been made, ongoing efforts and commitment are essential for achieving long-term sustainability goals in supply chain management.
(GAAN)Graph Adaptive Attention Network with Cross Entropy
Authors: Chen Zhao
Published: June 2024

：Non-Euclidean data, such as social networks, and citation relationships between documents, has node information and structural information. Graph Convolutional Network(GCN) can automatically learn node features and association information between nodes. The core ideology of the graph convolutional network is to aggregate node information by using edge information, thereby generating a new node feature. In the process of updating node features, there are two core influencing factors. One is the number of neighboring nodes of the central node, the other is the contribution of the neighboring nodes to the central node. Due to the previous GCN methods not simultaneously considering the numbers and different contributions of neighboring nodes to the central node, we design the Adaptive Attention Mechanism(AAM). To further enhance the representational capability of the model, we utilize Multi-Head Graph Convolution(MHGC). Finally, we adopt cross-entropy(CE) loss function to describe the difference between the predicted results of node categories and the ground truth (GT). Combined with backpropagation, this ultimately achieves accurate node classification. Based on AAM, MHGC and CE, we contrive the novel Graph Adaptive Attention Network (GAAN). Experiments show that the classification accuracy has achieved outstanding performances on Cora, Citeseer and Pubmed datasets.
High power lasers
Authors: Chvykov Vladimir
Published: June 2024

High-power lasers play an important role in modern science, industry, and medicine. A signifi-cant milestone was reached on December 5, 2022, when Inertial Confinement Nuclear Fusion (ICF) achieved scientific breakeven, releasing more energy than the input laser energy. Additionally, Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) has enabled the development of microchips with 3 nm process nodes, marking a leap in semiconductor technology. These examples together with the recent achievement of a 10 PW (1015 W) laser output heralds remarkable advancements in technology and science soon. Laser systems are broadly classified based on their operating re-gimes into two main categories: Continuous Wave (CW) operation, where the laser is continuously pumped and emits a steady beam of light, and the pulsed regime, in which the laser pro-duces single or multiple pulses at various repetition rates. This review will primarily focus on pulsed laser systems, exploring their various types and recent technological advancements.