bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient DNA isolation from moroccan arar tree [Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters] leaves and optimization of the rapd-pcr molecular technique. Extraction efficace de l’ADN des feuilles du thuya de berberie (Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) masters) et optimisation de la technique moléculaire rapd-pcr
Authors: Bakkali Yakhlef Salaheddine , Guenoun Imane , Kerdouh Benaîssa , Hamamouch Noureddine , Abourouh Mohamed
Published: November 2019

English.  Molecular genetic analysis of Arar tree [Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters] is often limited by the availability of fresh tissue and an efficient and reliable protocol for high quality genomic DNA extraction. In this study, two DNA extraction protocols were specifically developed for extracting high quality genomic DNA from Arar tree leaves: modified QIAgen DNA Kit and protocol developed by Ouenzar et al. (1998). DNA yield and purity were monitored by gel electrophoresis and by determining absorbance at UV (A260/A280 and A260/A230). Both ratios were between 1.7 and 2.0, indicating that the presence of contaminating metabolites was minimal. The DNA yield obtained ranged between 20 to 40 µg/g of plant materiel. The Ouenzar and collaborators protocol gave higher yield but was more time consuming compared to QIAgen Kit. However, both techniques gave DNA of good quality that is amenable to RAPD-PCR reactions.Additionally, restriction digestion and PCR analyses of the obtained DNA showed its compatibility with downstream applications. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA profiling from the isolated DNA was optimized to produce scorable and clear amplicons. The presented protocols allow easy and high quality DNA isolation for genetic diversity studies within Arar tree.Français.  Les analyses en génétique moléculaire chez le thuya de Berberie [Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters] sont souvent limitées par la disponibilité du matériel végétal frais et le temps nécessaire pour l’extraction l’ADN ainsi que par sa qualité. Dans cette étude, deux protocoles d’extraction, à partir des feuilles du thuya, de l’ADN génomique de haute qualité, ont été développés : le Kit Qiagen et le protocole mis au point par Ouenzar et al. (1998) modifiés. La qualité et la quantité de l’ADN sont évaluées par électrophorèse sur gel d’agarose et par la mesure de l’absorbance en UV à (A260/A280) et (A260/A230). Ces deux rapports varient entre 1,7 et 2,0 indiquant la faible fréquence des métabolites contaminants. Le rendement d’ADN varie entre 20 et 40 µg/g du matériel végétal. Le protocole de Ouenzar et collaborateurs donne le meilleur rendement d’ADN mais nécessite plus de temps. Néanmoins, les deux protocoles donnent un ADN de bonne qualité utilisable dans les réactions RAPD-PCR. En outre, la restriction enzymatique et l’analyse PCR de l’ADN obtenu ont montré sa compatibilité avec les applications moléculaires ultérieures. Les paramètres intervenant dans les réactions RAPD ont été optimisés. Les protocoles présentés permettent l’extraction facile de l’ADN de haute qualité nécessaire pour des études de la diversité génétique au sein du thuya.
Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter (Orchidaceae) en la provincia de Huelva (España). Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter (Orchidaceae) in the province of Huelva
Authors: Bazo Coronilla Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter (Orchidaceae) in the province of Huelva Palabras clave. Orquídea, Barlia robertiana, Sierra Morena, Herbario. Key words. Orchid, Barlia robertiana, Sierra Morena, Herbarium.
Étude de la germination et de l’effet du substrat sur la croissance de jeunes semis de I L. Germination study and substrate effect on the growth of young seedlings of Pistacia vera L.
Authors: Benmahioul Benamar , Khelil Bouâmama , Kaïd-Harche Meriem , Daguin Florence
Published: November 2019

Français.  Des études sur la germination et la croissance de jeunes semis de Pistacia vera L ont été conduites au laboratoire et en serre. Elles ont consisté en des tests de germination et, au suivi de la croissance des plantules sur différents substrats. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que les meilleurs taux de germination ont été enregistrés avec le lot des graines sans téguments. De plus, le semis direct dans le sable a amélioré les résultats mais la vitesse de germination se trouve ralentie. D’un autre coté, un effet marqué de la nature du substrat sur la croissance en hauteur et en diamètre des tiges ainsi que la longueur du système racinaire a été constaté. Les meilleurs résultats ont été enregistrés avec le substrat – sable et le mélange sable/tourbe.English. A study was carried out to determine the germination rate, the average time of germination and latent period of Pistacia vera L. seeds and the effect of tegument on germination. Additionally, the effect of different substrates on growth of young seedlings was also study. The results obtained revealed that the best germination rates were recorded with the seeds without teguments. Moreover, the direct sowing of the seeds in sand improved the germination percentage but the speed of germination was slowed down. Substrate nature seemed to have an effect on the seedlings height and stem diameter as well as the length of the main root. Higher values were obtained with sand-substrate and sand/peat.
Notas corológicas del macrofitobentos de Andalucía (España). IX. New records for the macrophytobenthos of Andalusia (Spain). IX
Authors: Bermejo Ricardo , Pérez-Llorens J. Lucas , Vergara Juan J. , Hernández Ignacio
Published: November 2019

New records for the macrophytobenthos of Andalusia (Spain). IX Palabras clave. Andalucía, corología. Palabras clave. Andalucía, corología, Palabras clave. Andalucía, corología macroalgas marinas. Key words. Andalusia, geographical distribution. Key words. Andalusia, geographical distribution, Key words. Andalusia, geographical distribution seaweeds.
Nota sobre Abies pinsapo Clemente ex Boiss. y otras plantas andaluzas. About Abies pinsapo Clemente ex Boiss. and other Andalusian plants
Authors: Cabezudo Baltasar , Pérez Latorre Andrés V. , Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas Federico , Gavira Oscar , García Rojas Juan A. , Pavón Manuel
Published: November 2019

About Abies pinsapo Clemente ex Boiss. and other Andalusian plants About Abies pinsapo Clemente ex Boiss. and other Andalusian plants About Abies pinsapo Clemente ex Boiss. and other Andalusian plant . Palabras clave. Abies pinsapo, ﬂ ora, Andalucía, España. Key words. Abies pinsapo, ﬂ ora, Andalusia, Spain.
Nueva población de Coronopus navasii Pau (Brassicaceae) en la Sierra de Gádor (Sur de España). New record for Coronopus navasii Pau (Brassicaceae) in Sierra de Gádor (S España)
Authors: Giménez Esther , Salinas María Jacoba , Cabello Javier , Cueto Miguel
Published: November 2019

New record for Coronopus navasii Pau (Brassicaceae Pau (Brassicaceae Pau ( ) in Sierra de Gádor (S España) Brassicaceae) in Sierra de Gádor (S España) Brassicaceae Palabras clave. Coronopus navasii, corología, conservación, S España. Key words. Coronopus navasii, chorology, conservation, S Spain.
Teucrium x motae nothosp. nov. para el SE Ibérico. Teucrium × motae nothosp. nov. for South-Eastern Iberian
Authors: Llahora Cano Agustín , Sánchez Gómez Pedro
Published: November 2019

Teucrium × motae nothosp. nov. for south-eastern Iberian Palabras clave. Híbrido, Teucrium, Lamiaceae, Sureste Ibérico. Key words. Hybrid, Teucrium Teucrium T , Lamiaceae, Iberian Peninsula.
Rumex palustris Sm. (Polygonaceae), nueva especie para la flora de Portugal. Rumex palustris Sm. (Polygonaceae), a new species for the Portuguese flora
Authors: Marques Isabel , Tauleigne-Gomes Cristina , Draper David
Published: November 2019

Rumex palustris Sm. (Polygonaceae), a new species for the Portuguese ﬂora. Palabras clave. Rumex palustris,Polygonaceae, corología, embalse del Alqueva, Portugal. Key words. Rumex palustris,Polygonaceae, chorology, Alqueva dam, Portugal.
Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo [(= S. planifolia (G.) Gren.], redescubierta para la flora de Castilla-La Mancha (España). Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo [(= S. planifolia (L.) Gren.], a rediscovered species for the Castilla- La Mancha flora
Authors: Morales del Molino César , G. Mateo Rubén
Published: November 2019

Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo[( [( [ = (= ( S. planifolia (L.) Gren.], a rediscovered species for the Castilla La Mancha ﬂora Palabras clave. Simethis Kunth, Liliaceae, corología, Castilla-La Mancha, España. Key words. Simethis Kunth, Liliaceae, chorology, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
Los materiales botánicos de Mariano La Gasca llegados a Málaga en 1834
Authors: Pérez-Rubín Juan
Published: November 2019

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Marsilea strigosa Willd. en dos localidades de la provincia de Córdoba. Marsilea strigosa Willd. in two localities from Cordoba province
Authors: Prunier Florent , Delgado Marzo Juan Manuel
Published: November 2019

Marsilea strigosa Willd. in two localities from Cordoba province Palabras clave. Charcas temporales mediterráneas, corología, Córdoba, Marsilea. Key words. Mediterranean temporary ponds, chorology, Cordoba, Marsilea.
El género Juncus L. (Juncaceae) en Andalucía (España): datos sobre la distribución regional de sus especies. The genus Juncus L. (Juncaceae) in Andalusia (Spain): data on the regional distribution of its species
Authors: Romero Zarco Carlos
Published: November 2019

Español.  Se estudia la distribución en Andalucía de 29 especies del género Juncus utilizando como unidades corológicas las áreas naturales definidas en las floras regionales. Se desestiman las citas bibliográficas anteriores para la región de J. tingitanus Maire & Weiller. Se propone la nueva combinación J. tenageia var. perpusillus (Fern.-Carv. & F. Navarro) Romero Zarco.English.  The distribution of 29 species of the genus Juncus were studied in Andalusia using the natural areas defined in regional floras as chorological units. Previous bibliographic records of J. tingitanus Maire & Weiller were discarded. The new combination J. tenageia var. perpusillus (Fern.-Carv. & F. Navarro) Romero Zarco is proposed.
Priorities Determination of Using Bioresources. Case Study of Heracleum sosnowskyi
Authors: Zihare Lauma , Gusca Julija , Spalvins Kriss , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: November 2019

Multicriteria analysis methodology used in the paper allows to evaluate the use of potential bioresources with high added value by prioritizing products from invasive species. The method is applied for the hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden, which occupies large areas in Latvia and poses great problems in using agricultural land. It is combated purposefully, generating significant amount of biomass waste. The results of TOPSIS multicriteria analysis used with 14 indicators, show that hogweed can be used for production of different pharmaceutical, food, soil fertilizer and chemical materials with a high added value. Pharmaceutical products have the highest potential for production of polysaccharides that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Barn skriver på flera språk
Authors: Zetterholm Elisabeth
Published: November 2019

Multilingual children often become biliterate, which means reading and writing in two or more languages, before or during the first years in school. It is shown that bilingual children can learn, compare and distinguish between two writing systems at the same time. However, when learning a second language, a crosslinguistic transfer at different linguistic levels is common between the learners’ first and second language. The aim of this study is to analyse written texts made by multilingual children in their first and second year of schooling with a focus on phonological transfer in order to understand if their spelling mistakes are influenced by their accent and the phonological structure of their first language. The results indicate that there is a phonological transfer depending on differences between Swedish and the child’s first language, but also spelling mistakes that are common for all Swedish children in the early stages of learning to write. All children in this study use more than one language on a daily basis in different social contexts. They have different language backgrounds, but teaching in school is only in Swedish.
Multimodal textproduktion i årskurs 3
Authors: Borgfeldt Eva
Published: November 2019

The aim, in this qualitative semi-structured interview study, is to analyze what modalities a primary school teacher in a multicultural school context stresses when assessing her third grade students’ meaning making in their multimodal text productions. The study has a socio-cultural perspective and the theoretical points and analysis tools are based in the socio semiotic multimodal theories, and in the multiliteracies research. The results show that the teacher on the one hand mainly focuses on the semiotic resources, image, color and writing, and to some extent squares, symbols and speech bubbles in student petitions, but on the other hand her statements points out the complexity of the task formulation gives rise. It proves to be problematic for the teacher to allow students to freely interpret and independently design their task where she at the same time intends to make an overall assessment of how the content is presented. In practice, the teacher more often are focused on assessing abilities that show how thoroughly and carefully the students are documenting than developing the knowledge. It points to the difficulty of reconciling assessment requirements in the context of a multimodal text production.
Editorial
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto
Published: November 2019

La realidad actual se nos presenta como  un escenario complejo que convoca diferentes expresiones  de la problematica de la educación  en todos sus niveles y formas especificas de manifestación, en ese marco,  la  presente  publicación pretende contribuir a la  creacón  de una masa critica que interpele esa realidad y contribuya a buscar y crear senderos y alternativas que dinamicen su cambio y transformación.

Al entregar el NUMERO 6 de la Revista PACA respondemos con el compromiso adquirido de visibilizar las diferentes acciones, elaboraciones, productos y desarrollos que la comunidad perteneciente al Grupo de lnvestigación PACA reconocido por COLCIENCIAS y, protagonista estelar de la discusión, el debate, el dlalogo y la reflexión  critica en los contextos institucionales, regionales, nacionales e internacionales ha elaborado con el propósito de enriquecer el estudio del campo educativo.
Hacia una geneología de la investigación en la facultad de educación de la universidad surcolombiana
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto , Pérez Gutiérrez María Fernanda , Forero Oscar Iván
Published: November 2019

Las funciones misionales de la Universidad Surcolombiana contemplan la docencia, la in­vestigación y proyección social como ejes fundamentales de su que hacer y de su "ethos" institucional. En la historia de vida de la Universidad se ha evidenciado un énfasis significa­tivo en la docencia (acreditación de profesionales) que no se expresa de la misma manera cuando se hace relación a los procesos de lnvestigación y Proyección Social o Extensión.

La Universidad Surcolombiana, cuenta en la actualidad con siete (7) Facultades entre las cuales se destaca la Facultad de Educación como pionera de muchos de los programas, pro­yectos y procesos que le han dado existencia y reconocimiento a la Universidad; tarnbién ha servido de referente de muchos proyectos de investigación que la han convertido en objeto de estudio y la han considerado referente sustantivo cuando de excelencia y calidad se hace mención.
Sensibilizándonos frente a la exclusión infantil
Authors: Celeita Buitrago Laura Estefany , Pérez Gutiérrez María Fernanda
Published: November 2019

Dado que la primera infancia es un ciclo vital para el desarrollo cognitivo, motor, social y emocional del ser humano, el proyecto "Sensibilizandonos frente a la exclusión infantil "tie­ne el propósito de abordar la problemática que viven las niños de 0 a 10 años de edad, del Asentamiento Brisas del Venado que no reciben una educación formal ni ningún tipo de  atención.
Rediseño curricular para la inclusión educativa en los programas de licenciatura de la universidad Antonio Nariño
Authors: Hidalgo Ramírez Alba Luz
Published: November 2019

No hay duda de que toda investigación está dirigida a solucionar una problemática en común. La inclusión educativa y el perfil de formación docente son los ejes centrales del trabajo de investigación que lleva coma título; "REDISEÑO CURRICULAR PARA LA INCLUSIÓN EDUCA­TIVA EN LOS PROGRAMAS DE LICENCIATURA DE LA UNIVERSIDADAD ANTONIO NARIÑO''.

La presente investigación nace con el deseo de responder a una realidad educativa en el marco de la inclusión escolar, desde el principio de la diversidad en igualdad de oportunida­des para todos. Para tal efecto, se considera pertinente articular estrategias que favorezcan el perfil de formación docente incluyente. Y Más aun teniendo en cuenta que la problemática de inclusión educativa corresponde a políticas mundiales de justicia y equidad social, establecidas por la organización de Naciones Unidas, promulgadas por la UNESCO y ratifica­das por el gobierno colombiano.
Articulación de la educación media con el mundo productivo
Authors: Cerquera Olaya Julia Edith
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación estuvo motivado por la necesidad de determinar el grado de cumplimiento de la política pública "ARTICULACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN CON EL MUNDO PRODUCTIVO- LA FORMACIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS LABORALES" reflejada en el convenio interadministrativo 002 de 2005 suscrito entre la Secretaria de Educación de Neiva y el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA, han cumplido con los propósitos señalados en cada uno de ellos, como estrategia de contextualización. Con el fin de ofrecer a los lectores un punto de partida para la lectura y comprensión del presente artículo, en el cuadro No 1 se presenta la relación que existe entre los objetivos de la política pública y el convenio interadministrativo 002 de 2005.
La evaluación del rendimiento académico y su relación con el modelo de formación por competencias
Authors: Amaya García Karol Stefanía
Published: November 2019

La iniciativa investigativa parte desde lo regulado por el Decreto 1295 de 2010 Capitulo II numeral 5.3 - 5.3.2, por medio del cual se exige a las lnstituciones de Educación Superior en Colombia formar desde el enfoque por competencias. A partir de este discurso pedagógico oficial las instituciones iniciaron una re-estructuración de los diseños curriculares, procesos, prácticas y agentes involucrados en el proceso formativo con el propósito de responder al logro de esta nueva formación. En consecuencia, se supone que la evaluación, como ele­mento inherente en el proceso de formación del estudiante, hizo parte de dicha re-estruc­turación.
Aplicabilidad y efectividad del proyecto ambiental educativo en la práctica curricular
Authors: Díaz Perdomo María Liliana
Published: November 2019

La dirección ambiental, en el contexto de la institución educativa, permea to­das las situaciones, acciones, espacios y prácticas. De allí la urgencia de asu­mir lo ambiental como recurso pedagógico y el proyecto ambiental educativo como verdadero proyecto transversal, para transformar las prácticas curriculares.

Pese a que en la actualidad a nivel institucional se cuenta con proyectos am­bientales educativos aprobados, se evidencia que este proyecto transversal no cuenta con los elementos que lo consolidan como tal. Está planteado como una propuesta de grupo de área y no cumple con lo necesario para articular desde el aspecto ambiental las diferentes actividades que se pueden desarro­llar en la práctica curricular. Además no es visible la participación de todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa, está sujeto tan sólo a la participación pasiva de los docentes y estudiantes de manera muy puntual como las activi­dades de comunidad en izadas de banderas a cargo del proyecto o a campa­ñas específicas.
Lineamientos didácticos para la enseñanza del lenguaje musical creativo en el programa de Educación artística y cultural de la universidad surcolombiana de Neiva
Authors: Sánchez Fierro Guillermo
Published: November 2019

Desde los factores planteados por el Consejo Nacional de Acreditación (CNA) para que los programas académicos de educación superior en Colombia cum­plan estándares de calidad se ha contribuido a reconocer que la investigación y la producción intelectual han estado descuidadas por parte de las adminis­traciones del estado, respecto a la designación económica para su apoyo y financiación en el presupuesto nacional de la educación pública superior.

Hoy día, por lo menos los presupuestos institucionales de cada universidad oficial cuentan con un rubro que destina recursos mínimos para acreditación de los programas académicos y la definición de líneas de investigación orien­tadas por Colciencias, el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, El Consejo Nacional de Acreditación, los PEI de las universidades, de las Facultades y de los progra­mas académicos.

En este sentido, desde el Programa de Educación Artística y Cultural de la Uni­versidad Surcolombiana, se definen cuatro líneas de investigación entre las cuales se encuentra la Didáctica de los saberes específicos, encargada de en­focar la investigación sobre el cómo orientan los docentes su propio conoci­miento específico.
Identidades multiterritorializadas: Una mirada relacional sobre los procesos de construcción identitaria en la comunidad de Candeal en Salvador de Bahía (Brasil)
Authors: V. Gruber Valerie V.
Published: November 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo los procesos de construcción identitaria se relacionan con la producción de territorios y territorialidades, tomando en cuenta las relaciones de poder desde la dominación física hasta la apropiación simbólica del espacio. El análisis nació de un estudio de caso cualitativo en la comunidad de Candeal en Salvador de Bahía (Brasil), la cual enfrenta, por un lado, las consecuencias de la marcada desigualdad socio-espacial y racial, y por otro lado, ha ganado una gran reputación internacional por el músico Carlinhos Brown quien nació en este barrio. Además, la comunidad ganó reconocimiento por las prácticas colectivas de autoorganización, con las que sus habitantes lograron mejoras infraestructurales considerables. Basado en métodos etnográficos y entrevistas narrativas, se desarrolla un concepto de ‘identidades multiterritorializadas’ que se inspira, entre otras, en la obra del geógrafo brasileño Rogério Haesbaert. Este marco conceptual puede ser utilizado para estudios posteriores sobre los procesos de construcción identitaria en relación con múltiples territorios y territorialidades.
Análisis de la evolución litoral y respuesta de las comunidades afro-descendientes asentadas en la zona costera: caso de estudio La Barra, Buenaventura, Pacífico Colombiano
Authors: Coca Domínguez Oswaldo , Ricaurte Villota Constanza
Published: November 2019

En el poblado de La Barra, Buenaventura (Colombia), desde el año 2013 inició un proceso de avulsión hacia el mar del estero Arrastradero, asociado a este evento se pudo medir un acelerado proceso de erosión costera que afectó el poblado en general. Con el fin de comprobar la hipótesis de que la dinámica litoral determina no solo la morfología de la costa sino también la dinámica poblacional, se evaluó la vulnerabilidad por erosión costera de la población, la evolución histórica y reciente de la línea de costa y de la espiga litoral y la evolución en la localización de las viviendas. Se determinó que antes del fenómeno de erosión actual la zona ya había sufrido varios procesos de cambio, que impactaron la dinámica poblacional. Durante el periodo de estudio (2013 a 2015), los meses de mayor cambio en línea de costa fueron entre marzo y mayo de 2014, siendo este el año de mayor retroceso. Adicionalmente, asociado a estos cambios, la vulnerabilidad de la población se incrementó de 2013 a 2014. Finalmente, se puede concluir que un importante valor de adaptación de las comunidades afrodescendientes del Pacífico a los riesgos costeros, es el pensamiento colectivo y sus prácticas ancestrales que marcan su movilidad alrededor de las dinámicas naturales de su entorno, haciéndolas más resilientes, es decir, cultura como estrategia de adaptación al medio (ecología cultural).
Inventario de lagos y avances en el conocimiento de los humedales altoandinos en la región de páramos Las Hermosas, cordillera Central colombiana
Authors: Ospina Guillermo Andrés
Published: November 2019

En este artículo se presentan un inventario de 653 lagos que suman 1.495 hectáreas (Ha.) ubicados en las tierras altas de la cordillera Central colombiana entre los departamentos de Tolima y Valle del Cauca. El inventario fue realizado en el área delimitada por el gobierno nacional como Complejo de páramos Las Hermosas, a partir del procesamiento de la información cartográfica disponible en IGAC a escala 1:25.000, comparada con una Imagen satelital RapidEye 2009-2010 y otras fuentes secundarias usando Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Como parte del inventario, se analiza la distribución de los lagos por jurisdicciones, cuencas hidrográficas, tamaño y rangos altitudinales. Finalmente, se plantean algunas interpretaciones basadas en las series de datos obtenidos, para concluir con las necesidades de investigación prioritarias y avanzar en el conocimiento de los humedales en el área observada.
El teatro de Lope a la vera del siglo xxi: La adaptación cinematográfica de El perro del hortelano
Authors: Longoni Bruno
Published: November 2019

Nuestro trabajo propone analizar en detalle la adaptación cinematográfica que la directora española Pilar Miró realizó de El perro del hortelano (1612), una de las más reconocidas comedias palatinas del más prolífico autor teatral del siglo de oro, Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio. En cada uno de sus registros fílmicos (guion, montaje, vestuario, actuaciones, escenificación, enfoque de cámara, simbología) señalaremos una lectura personal del texto canónico que conlleva implícito un debate esencial en la crítica literaria moderna: el solo hecho de mediar casi cuatrocientos años entre la pieza teatral y la película nos debe recordar que toda adaptación acarrea una relectura en clave moderna que acaba creando, inexorablemente, un sentido nuevo surgido de los valores estéticos e ideológicos del presente.
Editorial
Authors: Bautista Cabrera Álvaro
Published: November 2019

Poligramas No. 48 busca alejarse del derrotero de un mensaje enviado por wasap que tan pronto sale, tan pronto se olvida. Tampoco quiere permanecer bajo los restos de los innumerables impresos de una biblioteca objeto de la reseña de un archivista de revistas universitarias del Pacífico colombiano dentro de cien años. Mejor quisiera ser acicate para la historiografía de la poesía en algunas regiones de América latina; anhela ser discutida por sus apreciaciones sobre el teatro, ya cuando presenta el rutinario oficio de los contrabandos de droga en una obra mexicana, ya cuando una obra del siglo XVII es recreada en un filme de finales del siglo XX. Este número de Poligramas se presenta igualmente para quienes investigan las relaciones entre novela colombiana y violencia.
Anticancer Nano Formulation of Imatinib with Chitosan Polymer
Authors: B Senthilnathan , R Billy Graham , C Chaarmila Sherin , K Vivekanandan , E Bhavya
Published: November 2019

Objective: Drug targeting is the capacity of the dosage form. In which the therapeutic agent acts specifically to desired site of action in the non-targeted tissue with the help of Nano particles is called as the drug targeting. IMATINIB is a used to treat cancer by chemo therapy. Cancers like chronic myeloid leukemia cancer (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer (ALL) and other specific types of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST) systemic mast cell disease and Bone marrow failure disorder. It is administered by oral root. For ATP, Tyrosine kinase is act as a binding site. Methodology: The drug IMATINIB is loaded in the polymer chitosan, poly-(D) glucosamine is a bio compactible, bio degradable, nontoxic, antimicrobial and soluble in solvents. This preparation is done by emulsion-droplet coalescence method. Content of the Drug, Size of the particle and Zeta potential, Encapsulation efficiency and Drug release testing are described for this formulation in this study. Results: The Imatinib Nano particles were formulated and evaluated for its invitro drug release profile. Based on the invitro drug release profile of Imatinib nano particles formulation (INP1 – INP5) formulation INP3 was selected as the best formulation in which the particle size was 285.9nm. The invitro % drug release of INP3 formulation was 99.76 ± 0.82 and it was found to be the suitable formulation to manage the cancer. Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the newly formulated controlled release nanoparticle drug delivery system of Imatinib may be idol and effective by allowing the drug to release continuously for 24 hrs.
Optimization of Sumatriptan Succinate Transdermal Emulgel For Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Swati Jagdale , Priyanka Maganageri
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Sumatriptan succinate is a BCS class III drug. Oral administration of drug suffers from poor bioavailability problem due to pre-systemic metabolism. Bioavailability for oral route is 15%, for nasal route is 17% and for parenteral route is 97%. Substantial proportion of patients suffers from severe nausea or vomiting during their migraine attack, which make oral treatment unsatisfactory. Transdermal delivery will overcome the problems of the drug giving better results to patients suffering from migraine. Methods: Oleic acid, labrafil M 1994 and transcutol P was used as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively. Both the oily and aqueous phases were heated separately. Oily phase were added to the aqueous phase. Mixing of gel and emulsion in ratio of 1:1 gave emulgel. Emulsion was evaluated for globule size, zeta potential, drug content, stability etc. Carbopol 934 and Xanthan gum was used as a gelling agent. Optimization was carried by factorial design. Emulgel was evaluated for physical parameters, viscosity, drug content, bioadhesive strength, spreadability, in-vitro and ex-vivo diffusion study. Results: FE-SEM image shown spherical globules in shape with size 51.40 µm. Zeta potential showed good stability of the emulsion. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that drug and all excipients were compatible. Factorial design gave batch F7 as optimized one. ANOVA results shown that drug release and gel viscosity values are strongly dependent on concentration of carbopol 934 and xanthan gum respectively. Ex-vivo diffusion study for batch F7 through goat skin indicated 88.68±2.52 % drug release. Statistical studies showed that drug release from the optimized formulation (F7) followed First order release kinetics. Conclusion: Sumatriptan succinate emulgel act as depot of drug which releases drug in controlled manner overcoming oral route side effects.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Gatifloxacin and flurbiprofen Sodium in Eye Drops
Authors: Patel Pinkal , Patel Nalini , Parmar Kinjal
Published: November 2019

A simple, selective and rapid reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis Gatifloxacin and flurbiprofen sodium in eye drops. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting ACN: Buffer (pH 3.5) in the ratio of 55:45 v/v. The column used was Phenomenex luna ODS C18 (250mm X 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) with flow rate of 1 ml / min using UV detection at 268 nm. The described method was linear over a concentration range of 2-12 μg/ml for both of Gatifloxacin and flurbiprofen sodium. The retention times of Gatifloxacin and flurbiprofen sodium were found to be 3.710 min. and 6.797 min respectively. Method was validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of cited drugs either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision. The method here in described can be employed for quality control and routine analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
A Review on Status of Nanotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: Suttee Ashish . , Yadav Nishika . , Singh Gurpal . , Barnwal Ravi Pratap , Singla Neha , Prabhu Kirti. S. , Mishra Vijay
Published: November 2019

The most important unit operation in pharmacy is the size reduction. Improved stability, reduced toxicity, increased bioavailability, increased rate of release and good drug formulation opportunities accomplished by size reduction. In present days, the performance of various dosage forms has been increased in nanometer size. The cargo size of a specified unit, for example nanometer is 10-9 meter. The process which occurs in nano-length size or molecular size level is referred as nanotechnology. It has shown great development in engineering, physics and electronics but pharmaceutical field and medical field needs more development. Although, it has vast application in medical field like immunology, cardiology, bioengineering, oncology, ophthalmology, cardiology etc. In pharmaceutical field, it also provides excellent materials, devices and system. The present status of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical field may be counted as development as biomarkers, biosensors, nano medicine, tissue engineering, nano-robots etc. For developing new technology, as old reaches up to the limits nanotechnology gives great opportunities.
An Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study of Anaplasma ovis Parasite in Native Goats in Anbar Province- Iraq
Authors: Shahatha Suad Shallal
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of Anaplasma ovis parasite in the native goat of some areas in Anbar province (Ramadi, Fallujah, Khalidiya, Hit and Baghdadi), by collecting 156 blood samples of both sexes and different ages ranging from one month to nine years for the period from March 2017 to February 2018, the parasite was diagnosed with microscopic examination using Giemsa stain. The results showed a total infection rate 34.6%, the infection rate in females was 38.8% higher than that of males 29.5% and significant differences (p≤ 0.05). The highest rate of infection (40, 39.5%) was observed for the age group 4-5 years and 6-7 years respectively. The highest rate was 75% in April and lowest rate 18.1% in February. The study also included a number of hematological parameters, which showed a decrease in total erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) in the infected goats
The comparative study among the MRSAcin, Nisin A and vancomycin, on biofilm formation by Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food sources.
Authors: Muunim ¹Hind H. , Al-Mossawei Muna T , Ahmed Mais Emad
Published: November 2019

Biofilms formation by pathogens microbial Control considered important in medical research because it is the hazarded virulence factor leading to becoming difficult to treat because of its high resistance to antimicrobials. Glycopeptide antibiotic a (Vancomycin) and the commercial bacteriocin (Nisin A) were used to comparative with purification bacteriocin (MRSAcin) against MRSA biofilm. One hundred food samples were collected from Baghdad markets from July 2016 to September 2016, including (cheese, yogurt, raw milk, fried meat, grilled meat, and beef burger). All samples were cultures; S. aureus was confirmation by macroscopic culture and microscopic examination, in addition to biochemical tests. Methicillin resistance S. asureus (MRSA) were identification by antibiotic sensitivity test (AST), Vitek 2 system. The result shown the 60(60%) isolate were identified as S. aureus and 45(75%) gave positive result as MRSA isolate, M13 isolate was chosen as MRSA isolates highest biofilm formation for treatment with MRSAcin, Nisin A(bacteriocin) and Vancomycin (antibiotic) to compared the more antimicrobial have bacteriocidal effect. The sensitivity test uses to determine the effect of MRSAcin, Nisin A, and Vancomycin MIC on MRSA planktonic cell by (WDA). The new study shows the impacts of new kind Pure Bacteriocins (MRSAcin) from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) highly effects then (Vancomycin and Nisin A) at different concentration. In a current study aimed to suggest new Bacteriocin is potent highly for the treatment of resistant bacteria biofilm infections in food preservatives
Purification of levanase from Enterobacter aerogenes and using it as a prebiotic and antibacterial agent.
Authors: Muslim Sahira Nsayef , Kareem Sawsan Mohammed
Published: November 2019

A novel strain of Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from rhizosphere soil has an ability to produce intracellular levanase when grown on basal medium containing the levan as substrate. Levanase was purified to homogeneity with a recovery yield of 57.85% and 22.5 fold of purification by using ammonium sulfate at 40% saturation followed by ion exchange chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B column and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column. The purified levanase has a potential prebiotic property of enhancing growth of lactic acid bacteria while apparently inhibiting growth of pathogenic bacteria. Typically, prebiotic properties should not only reduce growth of pathogens but must also promote growth of desirable and beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. Thus the levanase may be used in animal feed to improve digestibility and support gastrointestinal health.
Phylogeny Characterization of Seb Gene Encoding Enterotoxins in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk and Cheese
Authors: Aziz Fatima N. , Mohammed-Jawad Laith Abdul Hassan
Published: November 2019

Food poisoning due to the bacteria is a big global problem in economically and human's health. This problem refers to an illness which is due to infection or the toxin exists in nature and the food that use. Milk is considered a nutritious food because it contains proteins and vitamins. The aim of this study is to detect and phylogeny characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene (Seb). A total of 200 milk and cheese samples were screened. One hundred ten isolates of Staphylococcus aureus pre-confirmed using selective and differential media with biochemical tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates and the SEB gene detects using conventional PCR with specific primers. Three staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be positive for Seb gene using PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Sequence homology showed variety range of identity starting from (100% to 38%). Phylogenetic tree analyses show that samples (6 and 5) are correlated with S. epidermidis. This study discovered that isolates (A6-RLQ and A5-RLQ) are significantly clustered in a group with non- human pathogen Staphylococcus agnetis.
The relationship between the sources of lactobacillus isolates and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: ALwaaili Jenan R. , ALzaidi Rahem E.
Published: November 2019

Lactobacillus genus was isolated from two different sources, healthy infants feces and some dairy products, identify isolates by traditional methods and confirm diagnosis by molecular detection. Susceptibility was tested to some antibiotic then supernatants antimicrobial activity were tested against some pathogenic bacteria involved Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Salmonella typhimiurum and Clostridium sp.. Morphological, Microscopically and Biochemical tests results showed that eleven isolates were lactobacillus, DNA was extracted from isolates and PCR reaction was performed to confirm diagnosis using a specific primer for 16SrDNA in Lactobacillus genus, Lacto F and Lacto R, all isolates gave PCR products with molecular weight 231bp. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that Lactobacillus isolates of healthy infants feces were appeared multi resistant to more than one of antibiotics and sensitive to chloramphenicol while Lactobacillus isolates of dairy products were less resistance to antibiotics and most of them are sensitive to antibiotics , also results showed varying inhibitory effect of all Lactobacillus isolates supernatants in growth of pathogenic bacteria in this study, healthy infants feces isolates showed highest inhibition zone than dairy products Lactobacillus isolates.
Improvement of the in vitro growth and maturation of isolated mouse preantral follicles in the presence of repaglinide
Authors: Awadh Sura A. , Azadbakht Mehri , Alhady Faris N. A.
Published: November 2019

The development of in vitro culture systems that result to preantral follicles growth and increasing of developmental competency of oocytes obtained from follicles has an important role in fertility preservation and assisted reproductive techniques. In this research, we evaluated the effect of repaglinide on in vitro growth and maturation of preantral follicles. Preantral follicles were isolated from 12-14 day-old female NMRI mice ovaries and cultured for 12 days cultured in α-MEM (Control), α-MEM supplemented with 1µM of repaglinide. Follicles examined for development on 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 days of culture. At the end of culture period after HCG administration in vitro oocyte maturation was assessed. Results showed that in vitro follicle growth, survival, density of granulosa cells and steroidogenic activity were higher than the control group (p less than 0.05). In vitro maturation rate in oocytes derived from follicles in the treatment group was higher than control group (p less than 0.05). Therefore the supplementation of the culture medium with repaglinide can improve the ovarian follicle survival, growth and subsequently in vitro oocyte maturation.
The therapeutic effect of some drugs and vegetable juices on the lipid profiles in male rabbits induced atherosclerosis.
Authors: Ahmed al-Haddad Sawsan Taha , Almahdawi Zaid Mohammed Mubarak , Ahmed Al-janabi Munife S.
Published: November 2019

This study was designed to test the therapeutic efficacy of some hypotensive drugs and vegetable drinks on some biochemical indicators in male rabbits, where atherosclerosis was developed using 1% cholesterol with food. This study was conducted in June until the end of July 2017 in the Pharmacology Department/ General Company for Pharmaceutical Industry in Samarra. In the study, 50 local rabbits were randomly distributed by 10 groups each containing 5 animals. The first group considered as the control group. The second group is the control group treated with 1% cholesterol with the food, the third group treated with cholesterol (1% and captopril 0.71 mg), group 4 (cholesterol 1% with atenolol 0.71 mg / kg), group 5 (cholesterol 1%, amlodipine 0.07 mg / kg) , group 6 treated with cholesterol 1% and aldomet (0.57 mg / kg), group 7 (cholesterol 1% and furosemide at 3.5 mg / kg), group 8 (cholesterol 1% with garlic syrup 2 ml), group 9 treatment cholesterol 1% and lemon juice), and group 10 Treatment with (1% cholesterol and green tea syrup 2 ml). The results of the study showed a significant increase (P≤0.01)) at the level of each of cholesterol triple and triglycerides, proteins and low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, also led to obtain a significant decrease in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the treatment group with cholesterol 1% compared to control group. At the time of the treatment of anti- pressure drugs: Captopril, Atenolol, Amlodipine ,Aldomet, and Furosmide , there were no significant differences in the cholesterol level of all pharmacological groups. Moral differences were not found in LDL-C and there was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) of the level of triglycerides, proteins and very low density lipoproteins, and there was a significant increase in the level of high-density lipoproteins HDL-C, while treatment with plant juices, there was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides and LDL, and VLDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) increased when treated with garlic, lemon and green tea. We conclude pressure drugs of any kind can cure atherosclerosis or prevent high fat, unlike its counterparts OF plants, which have shown a significant effect on controlling lipid profile and reducing their effects and future risks on the heart.
Comparative study Antibacterial Activity of some Medicinal Plants Extracts ( leaves and Peel ) against some Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria from Clinical Isolates
Authors: Mathkoor Maryam  , Mansoor , Abd- ulamer Oda Noor , Omran3 Zahraa Sabbar
Published: November 2019

The study was conducted of tested the effect of three aqueous and alcoholic extract of medicinal plants from (Ziziphus spina-christi , Punica granatum L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis ) 100 mg/ ml concentration and the sensitivity of to nine Antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Augmentin, Amoxicillin+Clavulanic Acid, Ceftazidime, Vancomycin,Tobramycin (10 μg), Tobramycin(5μg), Ampicillin) against 20 antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria isolate by using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of alcoholic (ethanoll) extraction represented by inhibition zones diameters of three medicinal plants showed strong activity comparison of aqueous extracts , Especially in the pomegranate extract as the proportion of sensitive bacteria 40% and 25% in Eucalyptus camaldolehsis leaves And less inhibitory in the alcoholic extract of Ziziphus spina-christi as estimated (5%). The ethanolic extracts of Pomegranate Peel have shown an interesting activity against Yersinia enterocolitica , Salmonella spp ,and Brucella abortus with inhibition zones diameters of 30.0, 27.0 and 25.0 mm, respectively. Ciprofloxacin, was the most effective antibiotics against almost all the studied pathogenic bacteria and less resistance to other types. It is worth mentioning the existence of results showing the efficacy of plant extracts in inhibiting bacteria resistant to all and many types of antibiotics used in this study such Staphylococcus aureus HM , Shigella spp ,Enterobacter spp, Salmonella spp T,Salmonella spp, Yersinia enterocolitica ,Listeria monocytogenus.
Characterization And Biological Activity Of Green Synthesis Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Jasim Neeran Obied , Nabel Benin , Taleb Anwer
Published: November 2019

This study has been carried out to synthesis of silver nanoparticles using green synthesis by using Streptomyces sp. .that isolating from soil and Investigation the antifungal activity of it. Results shown ,that silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Streptomyces sp in present of silver nitrate and the color change to brown .UV-Vis spectrophotometer appear peak in wavelength at 420 nm which is prescribed for silver nanoparticles .Also, microscope images by SEM ,showing the size of Ag nanoparticles in range 15-50 nm. Results of antifungal activity explain the ability of biosynthesis silver nanoparticles to inhibition the growth of fungus T.rubrum.