bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un regard rétrospectif sur un demi-siècle d'enquêtes empiriques dans la sociologie française
Authors: Chapoulie Jean-Michel
Published: December 2012

Résumé Comment les recherches universitaires en sociologie, au sens large, sur le monde contemporain ont-elles évolué en France depuis les années 1960 ? L’auteur examine les enquêtes, démarches de recherche, cadres intellectuels et financiers où elles sont réalisées et interprétées, leurs relations avec les commanditaires, les débats publics et le réseau international. Partant de sources variées et étendues –comptes rendus de recherches, monographies, témoignages, rapports, archives du CNRS, documents financiers, etc.– l’article distingue deux périodes, 1960-1980 (poids de l’exploitation statistique des enquêtes) et 1980-2010 (diversification et empirie), et suggère, sans jugement de valeur, trois évolutions majeures : –le processus ininterrompu depuis le début des années 1960 de diversification des sujets et des démarches, accompagné d’une insertion progressive dans un environnement international, notamment anglo-saxon puis européen ; –l’introduction au cours des vingt dernières années de deux variables : le genre et l’appartenance ethnique (peu stable car historiquement construite dans chaque situation nationale) ; –enfin, le cadre sociogéographique d’interprétation des analyses devenu plus incertain au fil des ans. Le recul temporel montre la relation entre ces évolutions, les financements, les problèmes sociaux publics et le renouvellement des domaines et sujets d’enquête où une variable essentielle, les relations de classe, rarement ignorée dans les années 1960-1970 paraît oubliée aujourd’hui.
Aller au bout de la critique du mythe du donné : McDowell avec et contre Sellars
Authors: Le Goff Alice
Published: December 2012

Résumé Le dépassement du mythe du donné est au fondement de la conception mcdowellienne de la connaissance et de la pensée. En cela, McDowell prolonge l’analyse de Sellars. Il s’oppose cependant à la recherche, par ce dernier, d’une « pure sensation » comme élément causal de la connaissance. Celle-ci ne serait qu’un nouvel avatar du donné et tombe, d’après McDowell, sous le coup de la propre réfutation sellarsienne du mythe. Mais il reste possible de concevoir un donné déjà conceptuel. C’est ainsi que peut être dépassé le mythe et c’est, d’après McDowell, ce que Kant, nonobstant les critiques que lui adresse Sellars, permet de penser. Toutefois, McDowell lui-même ne tombe-t-il pas dans une autre version du mythe du donné, à propos de ce que Sellars appelle le donné catégorial ? Nous montrerons que cette accusation, élevée notamment par Rosenberg, méconnaît le sens du donné conceptuel proposé par McDowell.
Mythe du donné, mythe de la pensée
Authors: Benoist Jocelyn
Published: December 2012

Résumé L’article met en évidence comment le mythe du donné est le produit de l’épistémologie moderne, reposant sur la séparation de l’esprit et du monde et une conception abstraite de la pensée. Ainsi, il insiste sur le fait qu’un tel mythe, sous son apparence dogmatique, est lié à l’attitude transcendantale. Pour que les choses aient à être données, nous devons faire comme si nous ne les avions pas déjà. Dès lors, le contact avec elles a à être établi. En un second temps, l’article montre comment une certaine façon de critiquer le mythe du donné n’est que l’autre face du même mythe : dire que les choses ne peuvent pas être juste données, mais doivent être pensées signifie une fois encore qu’on ignore qu’on ne peut les penser que dans la mesure où on les a déjà. Appréhender la véritable connexion de la pensée et de la réalité, c’est surmonter et le mythe du donné et celui de la pensée en tant que conditions transcendantales du contact.
Le serpent contre la tortue. portraits post-sellarsiens de Hegel en « grand adversaire de ‘l'immédiateté' »
Authors: Tinland Olivier
Published: December 2012

Résumé Les références de Wilfrid Sellars à Hegel dans Empirisme et philosophie de l’esprit sont aussi célèbres qu’allusives. Les héritiers de Sellars, menant campagne contre le « mythe du donné », ont souvent tenté de préciser les contours de cette interprétation de Hegel comme « grand adversaire de ‘l’immédiateté’ ». Dans le présent article, je me propose de présenter deux tentatives majeures d’interprétation post-sellarsienne de Hegel : celles de Richard Rorty et Robert Brandom. Tandis que Rorty opère une « kuhnianisation » de Hegel pour en faire, une fois son idéalisme mis de côté, l’incarnation du narrateur ironiste et historiciste des grands changements de vocabulaires du monde occidental, Brandom assume quant à lui jusqu’à un certain point l’idéalisme de Hegel en en reformulant les thèses principales conformément aux postulats de sa pragmatique inférentialiste. Dans cette perspective, la normativité rationnelle est considérée comme un ensemble de pratiques sociales d’engagements et d’autorisations inférentiels enchâssées dans des rapports de reconnaissance. Toutefois, aucun des deux penseurs ne parvient à articuler de manière satisfaisante les deux plans dont Hegel puis Sellars ont mis en évidence l’étroite solidarité : l’intersubjectivité de l’échange de raisons et l’objectivité des institutions sociales.
Revenir aux sensations mêmes
Authors: Roux Jeanne-Marie
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article se propose de préciser la portée exacte de la critique sellarsienne du mythe du donné quant aux rapports entre science et perception, et ce à la lumière d’une confrontation avec la phénoménologie et, plus précisément, avec la manière dont Merleau-Ponty traite de leurs relations. Si Sellars nie bien dans Empirisme et philosophie de l’esprit que la perception puisse jouer aucun rôle fondationnel pour la science, s’il semble dans certains textes penser que la science doit se constituer indépendamment de toute référence à l’expérience perceptuelle, apparaît pourtant dans sa philosophie l’idée d’une référence du langage – et donc du langage scientifique – au perçu, constitué pour lui de sensations. Or cette idée, si elle ne prend dans sa philosophie qu’une place relativement marginale, nous semble pourtant fondamentale pour y assurer le lien de la science au réel, et rendre possible par là même la résolution d’un problème qui constitua l’un des fils rouges de la pensée sellarsienne : l’intégration de la nature qualitative de l’expérience dans la science moderne.
Les sciences régionales au Québec : une régiologie particulière
Authors: Vermot-Desroches Bernard
Published: December 2012

Au Québec, les sciences régionales comme bien d’autres disciplines chevauchent en permanence, de façon évolutive, constructive et réciproque le savoir et le concret. On vit une symbiose originale entre la théorie et le réel. Cet article dresse la toile de fond dans laquelle cette discipline évolue au Québec depuis la fin des années 1950. Il tente de mettre en évidence les éléments qui distinguent les sciences régionales du Québec des sciences régionales plus conventionnelles de la communauté scientifique internationale. Quelques comparaisons sont envisagées. Une revue historique montre comment cette symbiose a su imposer des diagnostiques, des traitements et donc des politiques qui à leur tour peuvent dégager des idées et des modèles. Beaucoup d’exemples montrent comment ce mariage entre le concret et la théorie a permis de construire rationnellement les sciences régionales qui par nature ont toujours cherché à demeurer transparentes et utiles pour la province.
L'émergence et l'évolution des études et science régionales au Québec (1908-2008) Des liens et des lieux
Authors: Lafontaine Danielle
Published: December 2012

Le texte analyse l’émergence et l’évolution, entre 1908 et 2008, des études et science régionales et du développement régional et territorial francophones au Québec (Canada). Six configurations ont été identifiées. L’analyse spectrale proposée met en évidence des continuités, des changements, des débats et des tensions. Un champ scientifique a progressivement émergé et peut être caractérisé par un ensemble d’informations reliées à propos de problèmes considérés importants durant toute la période : les variations de la distribution des populations et des ressources et la question des liens entre les populations et les systèmes écologiques, sociaux et économiques. En revisitant des publications issues de groupes de chercheurs rattachés à des communautés linguistiques et sociales, les groupes de chercheurs et praticiens peuvent envisager de nouvelles pistes pour poser et résoudre des problèmes.
La Géographie des comportements d'innovation au Québec : des territoires « européens » aux accessibilités « canadiennes » ?
Authors: Shearmur Richard
Published: December 2012

La géographie de l’innovation est souvent abordée par le biais du rapport au territoire. Or, des recherches portant sur le Québec montrent que la propension à innover varie selon la distance aux centres urbains. Cet article propose une discussion, puis une analyse empirique, de la variation géographique des comportements d’innovation des entreprises manufacturières québécoises. Un questionnement sous-jacent à cette analyse concerne la possibilité que certaines idées, concepts ou approches en sciences régionales diffèrent entre le Canada et l’Europe. Les résultats montrent que les comportements d’innovation varient à la fois spatialement (selon l’accessibilité aux interlocuteurs), mais aussi selon le territoire. Seules les collaborations avec des partenaires privés ne reflètent aucun patron géographique. Il en ressort que les concepts utilisés – territoires finis ou distances continues - seraient communs au Canada et à l’Europe, mais que l’orientation des recherches empiriques – et donc les questions posées – seraient influencées par les particularités locales.
L'aménagement du territoire au Québec, le parent pauvre des sciences régionales
Authors: Beaudet Gérard , Meloche Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2012

Bien que jouissant en apparence d’un statut enviable, l’aménagement du territoire arrive difficilement à répondre aux grands défis auxquels le Québec est confronté. Confiné à l’échelle locale de la planification depuis la fin des années 1970, il peut être assimilé à un exercice de macro zonage que relaient les plans et les réglementations d’urbanisme des municipalités locales. Cela explique en partie le désintérêt des sciences régionales à son égard. La transformation en cours de la géographie économique et la mobilisation de certains attributs de l’espace à des fins de requalification et de redynamisation des territoires semblent toutefois justifier un regain d’intérêt pour l’aménagement du territoire, aussi bien en tant que pratique que d’objet scientifique.
Géopolitique de l'antidrogue : concurrence et coopération russo-américaines en Asie centrale
Authors: Carcanague Samuel
Published: December 2012

Résumé Depuis une décennie maintenant, la Russie mène une lutte acharnée contre le trafic d’opium provenant d’Afghanistan. Outre les conséquences dramatiques que la consommation d’opiacés provoque au sein des populations russes, leur trafic est un facteur important de déstabilisation en Asie centrale : montée en puissance des organisations criminelles, corruption, financement de mouvements extrémistes. Tout cela inquiète fortement le Kremlin, que la perspective de retrait des troupes internationales en Afghanistan ne rassure guère sur la question. Mais si cette lutte contre le trafic de drogue s’avère absolument nécessaire, elle n’est pas exempte de considérations géopolitiques, notamment face aux États-Unis qui souhaiteraient pouvoir rester influents dans la région.
Developing Geophysical Constraints on the History of the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Coakley Bernard , Ilhan Ibrahim
Published: December 2012

The Chukchi Edges project was designed to establish the relationship betweenthe Chukchi Shelf and Borderland and indirectly test theories of opening forthe Canada Basin. During this cruise, ~5300 km of 2D multi-channel seismicprofiles and other geophysical measurements (swath bathymetry, gravity, magnetics, sonobuoy refraction seismic) were collected from the RV Marcus G. Langseth across the transition between the Chukchi Shelf and ChukchiBorderland.

These profiles reveal extended basins separated by faulted high-standingblocks. Basin stratigraphy can be subdivided on the basis of gross stratalgeometry, reflection terminations and inferred unconformities. The wedge-shapedsynrift sequences terminate against the basement highs and/or major faults, burying the basement topography. The inferred postrift seismic units are morenearly tabular, but thicken locally due to compaction of underlying synriftsediments.

Reflection character is dominated by alternating high and low amplitudecontinuous reflectors which may be consistent with pelagic or turbiditesediments. Chaotic units are also observed, which may indicate mass-flowdeposits. The truncated sediments over the basement highs of the Chukchi Shelf, Chukchi Plateau and Northwind Ridge suggest major erosion due both to glacialplanation and earlier erosional events perhaps associated with basement upliftprior to or during rifting and extension.

It is believed that the bulk of the synrift sediments are Mesozoic in age. Certainly Cenozoic sediments are also preserved in these basins, but theposition of the boundary is uncertain. Locally, continuous reflectors areobserved underlying the rift basin fill. These older units, of very uncertainage, would, if sampled, provide constraint on the history and affinities of theChukchi Borderland.

In addition to the extensional basins, a number of small symmetric basinsare observed on the flanks of the Chukchi Plateau. These basins may betranstensional and argue for a 2nd phase of tectonism, which overprinted theobvious extensional fabric of the Borderland. This is supported by theobservation of uplifted postrift sediments on the flanks of some of theintermedial basement highs. Understanding the timing, distribution and extentof these two phases of tectonism, relative to the known history of N-Sextension on the Chukchi shelf and the apparent orthogonal extension observedon the Beaufort Shelf will further constrain the unknown history of the CanadaBasin.
IFN-γ from CD4 T Cells Is Essential for Host Survival and Enhances CD8 T Cell Function during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Green Angela M. , DiFazio Robert , Flynn JoAnne L.
Published: December 2012

IFN-γ is necessary in both humans and mice for control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CD4 T cells are a significant source of IFN-γ during acute infection in mice and are required for control of bacterial growth and host survival. However, several other types of cells can and do produce IFN-γ during the course of the infection. We sought to determine whether IFN-γ from sources other than CD4 T cells was sufficient to control M. tuberculosis infection and whether CD4 T cells had a role in addition to IFN-γ production. To investigate the role of IFN-γ from CD4 T cells, a murine adoptive transfer model was developed in which all cells were capable of producing IFN-γ, with the exception of CD4 T cells. Our data in this system support that CD4 T cells are essential for control of infection, but also that IFN-γ from CD4 T cells is necessary for host survival and optimal long-term control of bacterial burden. In addition, IFN-γ from CD4 T cells was required for a robust CD8 T cell response. IFN-γ from T cells inhibited intracellular replication of M. tuberculosis in macrophages, suggesting IFN-γ may be necessary for intracellular bactericidal activity. Thus, although CD4 T cells play additional roles in the control of M. tuberculosis infection, IFN-γ is a major function by which these cells participate in resistance to tuberculosis.
Increasing Viral Dose Causes a Reversal in CD8+ T Cell Immunodominance during Primary Influenza Infection due to Differences in Antigen Presentation, T Cell Avidity, and Precursor Numbers
Authors: Luciani Fabio , Sanders Megan T. , Oveissi Sara , Pang Ken C. , Chen Weisan
Published: December 2012

T cell responses are characterized by the phenomenon of immunodominance (ID), whereby peptide-specific T cells are elicited in a reproducible hierarchy of dominant and subdominant responses. However, the mechanisms that give rise to ID are not well understood. We investigated the effect of viral dose on primary CD8+ T cell (TCD8+) ID by injecting mice i.p. with various doses of influenza A virus and assessing the primary TCD8+ response to five dominant and subdominant peptides. Increasing viral dose enhanced the overall strength of the TCD8+ response, and it altered the ID hierarchy: specifically, NP366–374 TCD8+ were dominant at low viral doses but were supplanted by PA224–233 TCD8+ at high doses. To understand the basis for this reversal, we mathematically modeled these TCD8+ responses and used Bayesian statistics to obtain estimates for Ag presentation, TCD8+ precursor numbers, and avidity. Interestingly, at low viral doses, Ag presentation most critically shaped ID hierarchy, enabling TCD8+ specific to the more abundantly presented NP366–374 to dominate. By comparison, at high viral doses, TCD8+ avidity and precursor numbers appeared to be the major influences on ID hierarchy, resulting in PA224–233 TCD8+ usurping NP366–374 cells as the result of higher avidity and precursor numbers. These results demonstrate that the nature of primary TCD8+ responses to influenza A virus is highly influenced by Ag dose, which, in turn, determines the relative importance of Ag presentation, TCD8+ avidity, and precursor numbers in shaping the ID hierarchy. These findings provide valuable insights for future TCD8+-based vaccination strategies.
Early IL-17 Production by Intrahepatic T Cells Is Important for Adaptive Immune Responses in Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Hou Lifei , Jie Zuliang , Desai Mayura , Liang Yuejin , Soong Lynn , Wang Tian , Sun Jiaren
Published: December 2012

This study was conducted to examine the interactions among the innate and adaptive immune components of the liver parenchyma during acute viral hepatitis. Mice were i.v. infected with a recombinant adenovirus, and within the first 24 h of infection, we found a transient but significant accumulation of IL-17 and IL-23 in the liver. In vivo neutralization of these interleukins alleviated the liver injury. Further investigations showed that IL-17 neutralization halted the intrahepatic accumulation of CTLs and Th1 cells. A majority of the IL-17–producing cells in the liver were γδ T cells. Additionally, intrahepatic IL-17+ γδ T cells, but not the IFN-γ+ ones, preferentially expressed IL-7Rα (CD127) on their surface, which coincided with an elevation of hepatocyte-derived IL-7 at 12 h postinfection. IL-7Rα blockade in vivo severely impeded the expansion of IL-17–producing cells after viral infection. In vitro, IL-7 synergized with IL-23 and directly stimulated IL-17 production from γδ T cells in response to TCRγδ stimulation. Finally, type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling was found to be critical for hepatic IL-7 induction. Collectively, these results showed that the IFN-I/IL-7/IL-17 cascade was important in priming T cell responses in the liver. Moreover, the highly coordinated cross talk among hepatocytes and innate and adaptive immune cells played a critical role in anti-viral immunity in hepatitis.
Enfermera Nefrológica: De la formación básica a la formación especialista
Authors: San Juan Miguelsanz Marta Isabel , Muñoz Pilar Sonia
Published: December 2012

Introducción: La Enfermería Nefrológica desempeña sus funciones en un área definida de la asistencia que determina la necesidad de una capacitación específica que asegure la calidad de los cuidados que realiza. Ante la ausencia de formación postgraduada reglada, la mayoría de las enfermeras aprenden realizando cursos de formación continuada y, fundamentalmente, en el puesto de trabajo. Objetivos: Conocer si en las unidades de Nefrología de Castilla y León se realiza una formación específica de las enfermeras de nueva incorporación y si en estas unidades han desarrollado algún programa específico de formación de enfer-meras. Material y método: Se realiza un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo transversal realizado entre los meses de octubre de 2011 y marzo de 2012. La recogida de datos se realizó vía telefónica, mediante entrevista abierta. Para el registro y análisis estadís-tico se utilizó el programa Microsoft Office Excel de Windows XP. Los resultados se expresan en valores totales, porcentajes y media aritmética. Resultados: En Castilla y León realizan formación de enfermería el 61% de las unidades de nefrología, siguiendo un programa específico un 64% de ellas, destacando que entre estas unidades hay un hospital y el resto son centros concertados. Discusión: En ausencia de una especialidad reglada y con miras a ofrecer a la sociedad profesionales enfermeros cualificados para el ámbito laboral, las enfermeras nefrológicas han buscado la manera de mejorar la formación de los profesionales desarrollando, en algunos casos, programas específicos en las propias unidades
Revisión de la vía clínica “Inicio programado en hemodiálisis”
Authors: Navarro Bermúdez Moisés
Published: December 2012

Una vía clínica pretende ser un instrumento institu-cionalizado, donde todos los profesionales del servicio sepan en todo momento todas las actividades y acciones que tienen que llevar a cabo el tiempo que dura esta actividad asistencial y los usuarios/familiares conozcan desde el primer momento toda la información de la asistencia que se les va a prestar.La vía clínica de inicio programado a hemodiálisis, se implementó en marzo 2010 en la unidad de hemo-diálisis del Hospital de Jerez, y después de un año de la misma y con los primeros 15 casos ya atendidos, hemos pretendido hacer una reflexión sobre la misma, al objeto de establecer mejoras.
Insight into the Sharing of Medical Images
Authors: Ge Y. , Nguyen H.T. , Arcury T.A. , Johnson A.J. , Hwang W. , Gage H.D. , Reynolds T. , Carr J.J. , Sandberg J.C.
Published: December 2012

Background: Scant knowledge exists describing health care providers’ and staffs’ experiences sharing imaging studies. Additional research is needed to determine the extent to which imaging studies are shared in diverse health care settings, and the extent to which provider or practice characteristics are associated with barriers to viewing external imaging studies on portable media.

Objective: This analysis uses qualitative data to 1) examine how providers and their staff accessed outside medical imaging studies, 2) examine whether use or the desire to use imaging studies conducted at outside facilities varied by provider specialty or location (urban, suburban, and small town) and 3) delineate difficulties experienced by providers or staff as they attempted to view and use imaging studies available on portable media.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 85 health care providers and medical facility staff from urban, suburban, and small town medical practices in North Carolina and Virginia. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, then systematically analyzed using ATLAS.ti.

Results: Physicians at family and pediatric medicine practices rely primarily on written reports for medical studies other than X-rays; and thus do not report difficulties accessing outside imaging studies. Subspecialists in urban, suburban, and small towns view imaging studies through internal communication systems, internet portals, or portable media. Many subspecialists and their staff report experiencing difficulty and time delays in accessing and using imaging studies on portable media.

Conclusion: Subspecialists have distinct needs for viewing imaging studies that are not shared by typical primary care providers. As development and implementation of technical strategies to share medical records continue, this variation in need and use should be noted. The sharing and viewing of medical imaging studies on portable media is often inefficient and fails to meet the needs of many subspeciality physicians, and can lead to repeated imaging studies.

Citation: Sandberg JC, Ge Y, Nguyen HT, Arcury TA, Johnson AJ, Hwang W, Gage HD, Reynolds T, Carr JJ. Insight into the sharing of medical images. Physician, other health care providers, and staff experience in a variety of medical settings. Appl Clin Inf 2012; 3: 475–487

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-06-RA-0022
Use of more than one electronic medical record system within a single health care organization
Authors: Fellner J. , Dugowson C. , Liebovitz D. , Fletcher G. , Payne T.
Published: December 2012

Healthcare organizations vary in the number of electronic medical record (EMR) systems they use. Some use a single EMR for nearly all care they provide, while others use EMRs from more than one vendor. These strategies create a mixture of advantages, risks and costs. Based on our experience in two organizations over a decade, we analyzed use of more than one EMR within our two health care organizations to identify advantages, risks and costs that use of more than one EMR presents. We identified the data and functionality types that pose the greatest challenge to patient safety and efficiency. We present a model to classify patterns of use of more than one EMR within a single healthcare organization, and identified the most important 28 data types and 4 areas of functionality that in our experience present special challenges and safety risks with use of more than one EMR within a single healthcare organization. The use of more than one EMR in a single organization may be the chosen approach for many reasons, but in our organizations the limitations of this approach have also become clear. Those who use and support EMRs realize that to safely and efficiently use more than one EMR, a considerable amount of IT work is necessary. Thorough understanding of the challenges in using more than one EMR is an important prerequisite to minimizing the risks of using more than one EMR to care for patients in a single healthcare organization.

Citation: Payne T, Fellner J, Dugowson C, Liebovitz D, Fletcher G. Use of more than one electronic medical record system within a single health care organization. Appl Clin Inf 2012; 3: 462–474

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-10-RA-0040
Why Obstetric Patients are admitted to Intensive Care Unit? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ghike Sunita , Asegaonkar Prashant
Published: December 2012

Pregnant women are often young and in their reproductive years. In majority of them, pregnancy and labor usually progresses uneventfully. Sudden complications occurring during this period may lead to maternal mortality. Though obstetric admission forms a small proportion of ICU admission, mortality among them is high. Proper antenatal care is still the mainstay of preventing complications in pregnant woman. This study was conducted to evaluate the obstetric admission to intensive care unit and causes and outcome of them. Two years retrospective review of all the obstetric admissions (Antenatal and postnatal up to 6 weeks post delivery) were done. Total number of patients admitted to ICU in this period, total number of deliveries in study period and total obstetric patients admitted to ICU were noted. The data included demographic details, obstetric history, indications for ICU admission, pre-existing medical illness and pregnancy complications necessitating ICU admissions. Total obstetric patients admitted to ICU were 1.04% of all deliveries. 48.53% women had pre-existing medical illness. 87.24% were antenatal and 12.67% were postnatal patients. 70.21% women had obstetric/medical illnesses during pregnancy which ICU admissions. Maternal mortality was observed in 31.91%. There was.changing trend in causes of maternal mortality, i.e. tropical diseases like dengue and malaria are found to be the cause of mortality in developing countries like India. Thus, there is need of obstetric high dependency unit (OHDU) at every center.

How to cite this article

Ghike S, Asegaonkar P. Why Obstetric Patients are admitted to Intensive Care Unit? A Retrospective Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2):90-92.
Correlation of Pap Smear, Colposcopy and Histopathology in Women with Unhealthy Cervix
Authors: Joshi Sulabha , Ghike Sunita , Bhalerao Anuja , Kawthalkar Anjali , Kulkarni Sayali
Published: December 2012

Cervix cancer is one of the most common cancers in women after breast cancer. Pap smear and colposcopy are cornerstone for the diagnosis for premalignant conditions, though the specificity and sensitivity of each is different. Present study was conducted to see the correlation of coloposcopy, histopathology and Pap smear in low resource setting.

How to cite this article

Bhalerao A, Kulkarni S, Ghike S, Kawthalkar A, Joshi S. Correlation of Pap Smear, Colposcopy and Histopathology in Women with Unhealthy Cervix. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2):97-98.
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Serious but Underestimated Problem
Authors: Sharma Arti , Choudhary Priyanka , Acharya Rajiv , Choudhary Anjali , Gupta Anshoo Garg
Published: December 2012

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is the most common liver disorder unique to pregnancy. In spite of the substantial risk, IHCP remains widely disregarded as a serious clinical problem. We report a case of IHCP with deranged coagulation which resulted in maternal morbidity in the form of severe postpartum hemorrhage and fetal mortality. This case emphasizes the fact that IHCP should be considered a high-risk condition, and careful fetal assessment and appropriate medical intervention might—improve maternal and perinatal outcome.

How to cite this article

Acharya R, Sharma A, Choudhary P, Choudhary A, Gupta AG. Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Serious but Underestimated Problem. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2):118-119.
Deep-sea benthic ecosystem collapse and recovery after an intense Dense Shelf Water Cascading event
Authors: Pusceddu A. , Mea M. , Canals M. , Heussner S. , Durrieu de Madron X. , Sanchez-Vidal A. , Bianchelli S. , Corinaldesi C. , Dell'Anno A. , Thomsen L. , Danovaro R.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Submarine canyons of several regions of the world are preferential conduits for Dense Shelf Water Cascading (DSWC), which quickly modify physical and chemical conditions while transporting large amounts of material towards the adjacent deep margin. Observations conducted during the last 15 yr in the Cap de Creus Canyon (Gulf of Lion, NW Mediterranean Sea) reported several intense events of DSWC. Their effects on the deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are almost unknown. To investigate the effects of these episodic events we analysed changes in the meiofaunal biodiversity inside and outside the canyon. Sediment samples were collected at depths varying from ca. 1000 to > 2100 m in May 2004 (before a major event), April 2005 (during a major cascading event) and in October 2005, August 2006 April 2008 and April 2009. We report here that the late winter-early spring 2005 cascading led to a reduction of the organic matter contents in canyon floor sediments down to 1800 m depth, whereas surface sediments at about 2200 m depth showed an increase. Our findings suggest that the nutritional material removed from the shallower continental shelf open slope and canyon was transported to the deep margin. During the cascading event the meiofaunal abundance and biodiversity in the studied deep-sea sediments dropped down by a factor of 5 to 10. Benthic assemblages in the impacted seafloor recovered to pre-cascading conditions after only six months from the cessation of the cascading. Since the present climate change is expected to increase the intensity and frequency of these episodic events, we anticipate that they will increasingly impact biodiversity and functioning of the benthic bathyal ecosystems, which may eventually challenge their resilience.
Multi-scale interactions between local hydrography, seabed topography, and community assembly on cold-water coral reefs
Authors: Henry L.-A. , Moreno Navas J. , Roberts J. M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. We investigated how the interactive effects of hydrography, topography and intrinsic community dynamics influence the assembly of species and functional traits across multiple spatial scales of a cold-water coral reef seascape. In a novel approach for these ecosystems, we use a spatially resolved complex three-dimensional flow model of hydrography to help explain assembly patterns. Forward selection of distance-based Moran's eigenvector mapping (dbMEM) variables identified two submodels of spatial scales at which communities are structured: broad-scale (across reef) and fine-scale (within reef). Canonical variance partitioning revealed broad-scale structures created mainly by variability in bathymetry and hydrography across reefs, which manifest as relatively narrow environmental niches for predators and scavenging detritivores. Fine-scale assembly was related more to processes that create spatially autocorrelated patches of fauna within a reef due to restricted dispersal in sessile fauna but social mating interactions and food supply in more mobile organisms. Our study implies that perturbations such as habitat fragmentation and altered hydrodynamic regimes have the potential to induce significant changes in the structure and function of cold-water coral reef ecosystems at spatial scales that span the entire seascape.
Millennial-scale variability of marine productivity and terrigenous matter supply in the western Bering Sea over the past 180 kyr
Authors: Riethdorf J.-R. , Nürnberg D. , Max L. , Tiedemann R. , Gorbarenko S. A. , Malakhov M. I.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. We used piston cores recovered in the western Bering Sea to reconstruct millennial-scale changes in marine productivity and terrigenous matter supply over the past ~180 kyr. Based on a geochemical multi-proxy approach our results indicate closely interacting processes controlling marine productivity and terrigenous matter supply comparable to the situation in the Okhotsk Sea. Overall, terrigenous inputs were high, whereas primary production was low. Minor increases in marine productivity occurred during warm intervals of stage 5 and interstadials, but pronounced maxima were recorded during interglacials and Termination I. Seasonal sea-ice is suggested to act as the dominant transport agent for terrigenous material. From our results we propose glacial, deglacial, and interglacial scenarios for environmental change in the Bering Sea. These changes seem to be primarily controlled by insolation and sea-level forcing which affect the strength of atmospheric pressure systems and sea-ice growth. The opening history of the Bering Strait and the Aleutian passes is considered to have had an additional impact. Sea-ice dynamics are thought to drive changes in surface productivity, terrigenous inputs, and upper-ocean stratification. High-resolution core logging data (color b*, XRF scans) strongly correspond to the Dansgaard–Oeschger climate variability registered in the NGRIP ice core and support an atmospheric coupling mechanism of Northern Hemisphere climates.
How realistic are air quality hindcasts driven by forcings from climate model simulations?
Authors: Lacressonnière G. , Peuch V.-H. , Arteta J. , Josse B. , Joly M. , Marécal V. , Saint Martin D. , Déqué M. , Watson L.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Predicting how European air quality could evolve over the next decades in the context of changing climate requires the use of climate models to produce results that can be averaged in a climatologically and statistically sound manner. This is a very different approach from the one that is generally used for air quality hindcasts for the present period; analysed meteorological fields are used to represent specifically each date and hour. Differences arise both from the fact that a climate model run results in a pure model output, with no influence from observations (which are useful to correct for a range of errors), and that in a "climate" set-up, simulations on a given day, month or even season cannot be related to any specific period of time (but can just be interpreted in a climatological sense). Hence, although an air quality model can be thoroughly validated in a "realistic" set-up using analysed meteorological fields, the question remains of how far its outputs can be interpreted in a "climate" set-up. For this purpose, we focus on Europe and on the current decade using three 5-yr simulations performed with the multiscale chemistry-transport model MOCAGE and use meteorological forcings either from operational meteorological analyses or from climate simulations. We investigate how statistical skill indicators compare in the different simulations, discriminating also the effects of meteorology on atmospheric fields (winds, temperature, humidity, pressure, etc.) and on the dependent emissions and deposition processes (volatile organic compound emissions, deposition velocities, etc.). Our results show in particular how differing boundary layer heights and deposition velocities affect horizontal and vertical distributions of species. When the model is driven by operational analyses, the simulation accurately reproduces the observed values of O3, NOx, SO2 and, with some bias that can be explained by the set-up, PM10. We study how the simulations driven by climate forcings differ, both due to the realism of the forcings (lack of data assimilated and lower resolution) and due to the lack of representation of the actual chronology of events. We conclude that the indicators such as mean bias, mean normalized bias, RMSE and deviation standards can be used to interpret the results with some confidence as well as the health-related indicators such as the number of days of exceedance of regulatory thresholds. These metrics are thus considered to be suitable for the interpretation of simulations of the future evolution of European air quality.
The role of near-field interaction between seismic waves and slope on the triggering of a rockslide at Lorca (SE Spain)
Authors: Alfaro P. , Delgado J. , García-Tortosa F. J. , Giner J. J. , Lenti L. , López-Casado C. , Martino S. , Scarascia Mugnozza G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. A ~1000 m3 rockslide occurred close to Lorca (SE Spain) during the main shock (Mw = 5.1) of the May 2011 seismic sequence. The location of the rockslide, within 10 km of the earthquake epicenter and along the southern slope of a valley in which similar geological conditions occur on both slopes of the valley, suggests a significant near-field effect due to local seismic response. This could be related to the specific interaction between the topography and the obliquely propagating seismic waves. A dynamic stress strain numerical model was constructed using the FLAC 7.0 finite difference code to back analyze the Lorca rockslide event and relate its occurrence to both the local seismic amplification and the interaction between seismic waves and local topography. The results indicate that only for seismic waves with incidence angles in the range 0°–50° are the occurred slope instabilities expected. These results do not significantly change when varying the values for either stiffness or strength parameters within the range of the experimental data.
The stability of grounding lines on retrograde slopes
Authors: Gudmundsson G. H. , Krug J. , Durand G. , Favier L. , Gagliardini O.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The stability of marine ice sheets grounded on beds that slope upwards in the overall direction of flow is investigated numerically in two horizontal dimensions. We give examples of stable grounding lines on such retrograde slopes illustrating that marine ice sheets are not unconditionally unstable in two horizontal dimensions. Retrograde bed slopes at the grounding lines of marine ice sheets, such as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), do not per se imply an instability, nor do they imply that these regions are close to a threshold of instability. We therefore question those estimates of the potential near-future contribution of WAIS to global sea level change based solely on the notion that WAIS, resting on a retrograde slope, must be inherently unstable.
Catheter-Related Complications in Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure
Authors: Guglielmi Francesco William , Regano Nunzia , Mazzuoli Silvia , Rizzi Massimiliano , Fregnan Simona , Leogrande Giuseppina , Addante Irene , Guglielmi Altomarino
Published: December 2012

Background

Home Parenteral Nutrition is a therapeutic option to improve quality of life in chronic intestinal failure.

Aims

To describe frequency of complications both in cancer and non-cancer patients.

Methods

This study was performed on 270 adult patients (52% with cancer, 48% without cancer) followed for a total of 371 years of treatment. Mean duration of therapy was 191±181 for cancer and 830±1168 days/patient for non-cancer. The treatment was administered by a competent, dedicated provider. Patients received our prescribed “all-in-one admixtures” at their homes.

Results

Catheter-related complications/1000-days-catheter was 1.40; mechanical complications were comparable in cancer (0.82) and non-cancer (0.91) patients while a statistically significant difference was observed between cancer (0.71) and non-cancer (0.46) patients for sepsis. Bacterial infections were more frequent in non-cancer, mycotic infections primarily affected cancer patients. In our experience 49% of the patients were readmitted, with a low incidence rate of 0.89/1000 days-catheter. The incidence of hepatobiliary complications in our population was 65%. The degree of liver damage was related to short bowel syndrome and to length of treatment.

Conclusions

This study indicated that cancer patients are more vulnerable to CVC-related infections during Home Parenteral Nutrition and that a safer Home Parenteral Nutrition protocol should be adopted in order to contain CVC-related complications.
Treatment of Plane Warts with a Low-Dose Oral Isotretinoin
Authors: Al-Hamamy Hayder R. , Salman Husam Ali , Abdulsattar Nawar A.
Published: December 2012

Objective. To assess the efficacy of a low-dose oral isotretinoin in the treatment of plane warts. Patients and Methods. Thirty-one patients with recalcitrant facial plane warts were enrolled. A cumulative dose of 30 mg/kg for two months of treatment was calculated; this was equal to a mean of 0.5 mg/kg/day. Each patient was seen every two weeks during the treatment period. Response to treatment was either complete or no response. Patients with complete response were followed up monthly for four months to record the relapse rate. Results. Twenty-six patients completed the study; their ages range from 5 to 35 with a mean ± SD years. Fifteen (57.69%) patients were females and eleven (42.30%) were males. Nineteen (73.07%) patients showed complete response and seven (26.92%) patients showed no response at the end of two months of therapy. The difference was statistically significant; P value . Fifteen (78.94%) out of nineteen patients, who had complete response, were still free from warts at the end of four-month followup. Conclusion. Oral isotretinoin is effective in the treatment of recalcitrant facial plane warts.
CallSim: Evaluation of Base Calls Using Sequencing Simulation
Authors: Morrow Jarrett D. , Higgs Brandon W.
Published: December 2012

Accurate base calls generated from sequencing data are required for downstream biological interpretation, particularly in the case of rare variants. CallSim is a software application that provides evidence for the validity of base calls believed to be sequencing errors and it is applicable to Ion Torrent and 454 data. The algorithm processes a single read using a Monte Carlo approach to sequencing simulation, not dependent upon information from any other read in the data set. Three examples from general read correction, as well as from error-or-variant classification, demonstrate its effectiveness for a robust low-volume read processing base corrector. Specifically, correction of errors in Ion Torrent reads from a study involving mutations in multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus illustrates an ability to classify an erroneous homopolymer call. In addition, support for a rare variant in 454 data for a mixed viral population demonstrates “base rescue” capabilities. CallSim provides evidence regarding the validity of base calls in sequences produced by 454 or Ion Torrent systems and is intended for hands-on downstream processing analysis. These downstream efforts, although time consuming, are necessary steps for accurate identification of rare variants.
Quantum Field Theory of Dynamics of Spectroscopic Transitions by Strong Dipole-Photon and Dipole-Phonon Coupling
Authors: Dovlatova Alla , Yerchuck Dmitri
Published: December 2012

Matrix-operator difference-differential equations for dynamics of spectroscopic transitions in 1D multiqubit exchange-coupled (para)magnetic and optical systems by strong dipole-photon and dipole-phonon coupling are derived within the framework of quantum field theory. It has been established that by strong dipole-photon and dipole-phonon coupling the formation of long-lived coherent system of the resonance phonons takes place, and relaxation processes acquire pure quantum character. It is determined by the appearance of coherent emission process of EM-field energy, for which the resonance phonon system is responsible. Emission process is accompanied by phonon Rabi quantum oscillation, which can be time-shared from photon quantum Rabi oscillations, accompanying coherent absorption process of EM-field energy. For the case of radio spectroscopy, it corresponds to the possibility of the simultaneous observation along with (para)magntic spin resonance, the acoustic spin resonance.
CD200:CD200R-Mediated Regulation of Immunity
Authors: Gorczynski Reginald M.
Published: December 2012

The type 1 membrane glycoprotein CD200, widely expressed on multiple cells/tissues, uses a structurally similar receptor (CD200R1), whose expression is more restricted to cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, to transmit signals affecting responses in multiple physiological systems. Thus CD200 expression is reported to exert effects on cancer growth, autoimmune and allergic disorders, infection, transplantation, bone development and homeostasis, and reproductive biology. It was initially thought, based on the idea that CD200R1 was mostly expressed on cells of myeloid origin, that CD200:CD200R1 interactions were primarily dedicated to controlling myeloid cell function. However additional members of the CD200R family have now also been identified, although their function(s) remain unclear, and CD200R1 itself is now known to be expressed by subsets of T cells and other cells. Together these observations add layers of complexity to our understanding of CD200-related regulation. In common with a number of physiological systems, the mechanism(s) of CD200-induced signaling seem to fit within a similar framework of opposing actions of kinases and phosphatases. This paper highlights the advances in our knowledge of immunoregulation achieved following CD200:CD200R interaction and the potential clinical applicability of that information.