bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of occupational socialization on physical education pre-service teachers’ beliefs about four important curricular outcomes
Authors: Adamakis Manolis , Zounhia Katerina
Published: September 2015

Most national Physical Education (PE) curriculums worldwide are based on a variety of outcome goals. The most important are physical activity and fitness, self-actualization, motor skill development and social development. Capturing PE Teacher Education pre-service teachers’ beliefs toward these outcomes may offer a useful insight into the process of identifying and understanding prospective teachers’ decisions and actions. The aim of the current study was to compare PE pre-service teachers’ beliefs regarding four important outcome goals, according to year in university, athletic background and occupational orientation. A total of 483 undergraduate pre-service teachers from a Greek faculty of PE completed a previously validated four factor instrument. Significant differences were observed in the four outcome goals beliefs between pre-service teachers in different years of studies and between teaching and coaching oriented pre-service teachers. No differences were found between pre-service teachers with different athletic backgrounds. Findings suggested that sport participation per se did not affect outcome beliefs toward a specific direction and all pre-service teachers rated higher the physical activity and fitness goal. Participants with a teaching orientation rated higher three of the four outcome goals than their coaching oriented counterparts. Furthermore, third year field-based experiences had a positive impact on pre-service teachers’ beliefs, while the fourth year of studies and the coaching specializations contributed to a beliefs ‘washout effect’. Recommendations arise from previous and present findings regarding the faculty's undergraduate programme and we propose that future studies build on this research by continuing to examine PE students’ and teachers’ beliefs more thoroughly.
Sensory symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder, other developmental disorders and typical development: A longitudinal study
Authors: McCormick Carolyn , Hepburn Susan , Young Gregory S , Rogers Sally J
Published: September 2015

Sensory symptoms are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder but little is known about the early developmental patterns of these symptoms. This study examined the development of sensory symptoms and the relationship between sensory symptoms and adaptive functioning during early childhood. Three groups of children were followed across three time points from 2 to 8 years of age: autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and typical development. At each time point, parents filled out questionnaires regarding their child’s sensory symptoms and adaptive functioning. At the initial time point, parents of children with autism spectrum disorder reported more sensory symptoms in their children than parents in the typical development group. Parents in the autism spectrum disorder group reported more sensory symptoms than parents in the developmental delay group within smell, taste, and auditory domains. While the typical development group decreased in reported sensory symptoms across the study period, the clinical groups demonstrated no significant change across assessment points. Sensory symptoms for all groups were not independently predictive of adaptive functioning when verbal mental age was also included in the model. The young age range at the initial assessment and pattern of results suggest that sensory symptoms are present early in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders and remain stable over time.
Witnessing in the new memory ecology: Memory construction of the Syrian conflict on YouTube
Authors: Smit Rik , Heinrich Ansgard , Broersma Marcel
Published: September 2015

With the pervasiveness of mobile technologies, witnesses have the opportunity to mediate up-close and seemingly truthful recordings of events. As such, “witness videos” have become prominent in news reports and serve as authoritative resources in the construction of memory. However, once they are uploaded to video-sharing sites and popular archives such as YouTube, they are being reassembled and remixed by distinct actors, along the lines of their own ideological agendas. Focusing on the chemical attack on Ghouta, Syria, this article investigates how witness videos are represented by uploaders (ranging from established media to activists) and structured by the affordances and sociotechnical practices associated with the platform. Hence, we argue, although the future memory of the attack is constituted by witness videos, it is powerfully shaped by various actors, both human and nonhuman. These mechanisms of memory construction are empirically explored by qualitative and quantitative analyses of meta-data and (remixed) content.
Are we all Pussy Riot? On narratives of feminist return and the limits of transnational solidarity
Authors: Groeneveld Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

On Friday 17 August 2012, members of the feminist collective Pussy Riot were sentenced to two years in jail after their staging of a musical protest in a Russian Orthodox church. This article analyses Western news media responses to the Pussy Riot affair. It first examines how the event has resonated across various news media, activist, and social media networks. Focusing on the phrase, ‘We are all Pussy Riot’, which became a Twitter hashtag following the incarceration of Pussy Riot members, I argue that narratives of feminist return (Hemmings, 2011) and of US exceptionalism have shaped the eventfulness of the Pussy Riot affair in the West. While not dismissing the activism of Pussy Riot, this article asserts that the discourses of transnational solidarity and feminist renewal that the arrests engendered rely on the perceived whiteness and non-Western identities of the members who were incarcerated.
Transition of diesel spray to a supercritical state under engine conditions
Authors: Wensing Michael , Vogel Thomas , Götz Gudrun
Published: September 2015

Process operating conditions of modern internal combustion engines can exceed the thermodynamic critical point of an injected liquid fuel. This raises the question of whether the fuel, or at least some of its components, transition to a supercritical state, even in the presence of an ambient gas. Further investigation is required for a better understanding of heat and mass transfer during the process of fuel injection in diesel engines. This article investigates the phase behavior of fuels and their components under supercritical conditions or when injected into such. After a brief review of the current state of research on the topic, we present our study of the phase behavior of three single-component liquids (n-heptane, n-dodecane, n-hexadecane) and their binary mixtures under supercritical conditions in a nitrogen environment using equations of state. In first experiments, these liquids along with a diesel fuel were successfully transitioned to supercritical states by applying engine-relevant but steady state conditions inside a high-pressure, high-temperature constant volume chamber. No influence of the ambient nitrogen on the phase behavior of the examined fluids was found. For further investigation, multicomponent fuels were injected into the chamber in a transient injection process and at typical engine-relevant time scales using a production-type diesel injector. The fuel sprays were examined with Mie scattering, laser-induced fluorescence, and shadowgraphic imaging. The information obtained confirms the presence of a supercritical state and a transcritical phase change. Areas of high density with pronounced fluctuations were visible. The theoretical review in combination with the results obtained from the experiments indicate that fuel injected under the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, that are present in modern diesel engines at higher loads, does not evaporate but rather shows transition to a supercritical state with a disappearing phase border, but without boiling or changing density.
Rawls’ methodological blueprint
Authors: Floyd Jonathan
Published: September 2015

Rawls’ primary legacy is not that he standardised a particular view of justice, but rather that he standardised a particular method of arguing about it: justification via reflective equilibrium. Yet this method, despite such standardisation, is often misunderstood in at least four ways. First, we miss its continuity across his various works. Second, we miss the way in which it unifies other justificatory ideas, such as the ‘original position’ and an ‘overlapping consensus’. Third, we miss its fundamentally empirical character, given that it turns facts about the thoughts in our head into principles for the regulation of our political existence. Fourth, we miss some of the implications of that empiricism, including its tension with moral realism, relativism, and conservatism.
Quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lee Wonhee , Lee Sang-Ahm , Ryu Han Uk , Chung Yoo-Sam , Kim Woo Sung
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, depression, and apnea severity to mental and physical quality of life (QoL) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were adults diagnosed with OSA. Medical Outcomes Study–Short Form 36 (SF-36), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Medical Outcomes Study–Sleep Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. The factors predicting the physical and mental QoL were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Seven hundred ninety three OSA patients participated in the study. The average age was 48.9 years ( SD = 11.7 years). The mean apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was 29.5 hour−1 ( SD = 20.6 hour−1). The SF-36 scores were 72.6 ( SD = 18.5). The BDI, sleep quality, and age were related to both mental and physical QoL. However, ESS, minimal arterial oxygen saturation, gender, and body mass index were associated with the physical but not mental QoL. The BDI was the strongest predictor of both physical and mental QoL. AHI was related to neither physical nor mental QoL. The potential factors affecting QoL are different between physical and mental dimensions of QoL. Depressive mood was the strongest predictor of both the physical and mental QoL.
Suboptimal inhaler medication adherence and incorrect technique are common among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Sriram Krishna B , Percival Matthew
Published: September 2015

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are routinely prescribed one or more inhaled medications. Adherence to inhaler medications and correct inhaler device technique are crucial to successful COPD management. The goals of this study were to estimate adherence and inhaler technique in a cohort of COPD patients. This was an observational study conducted on a sample of 150 COPD patients. Medication adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS). Inhaler technique was assessed using standardized checklists. Clinical data were collected using a proforma. Of the 150 patients (mean age 70.3 years, 52% male), 58% reported suboptimal adherence (MARS ≤ 24). High adherence to therapy (MARS = 25) was associated with older age ( p = 0.001), but not any of the other studied variables. Medication non-adherence was not associated with COPD exacerbations. Errors (≥ 1) in inhaler technique were common across all of the types of inhaler devices reportedly used by patients, with the highest proportion of errors among Turbuhaler users (83%) and the least proportion of errors among Handihaler users (50%). No clinical variables were associated with errors in inhaler technique. Suboptimal adherence and errors in inhaler technique are common among COPD patients. No clinical variables to assist in the prediction of medication non-adherence and poor inhaler technique were identifiable. Consequently, regular assessment of medication adherence and inhaler technique should be incorporated into routine clinical practice to facilitate improved health outcomes among patients with COPD.
TEVAR Rescue of an Embolized Edwards SAPIEN XT Valve Following TAVR
Authors: Larion Sebastian , Moore Jason R. , Ammar Chad , Panneton Jean M.
Published: September 2015

Purpose: To report a successful method of managing an embolized Edwards SAPIEN XT aortic valve prosthesis using a thoracic endovascular aortic repair rescue. Case Report: An 84-year-old man underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a 26-mm Edwards SAPIEN XT valve, which immediately embolized into the ascending aorta. Because of the severe tapering of the patient’s transverse aortic arch, the embolized valve was unable to be maneuvered further down the aorta. Therefore, a Cook 36×80-mm Zenith Dissection Endovascular System (ZDES) bare metal stent was used on a compassionate basis to append the embolized valve between the patient’s coronary artery ostia and the innominate artery takeoff within the ascending aorta, with no neurological or cardiovascular complications at 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: A Cook ZDES bare metal stent may be successfully used to append an embolized Edwards SAPIEN XT valve within the ascending aorta.
Predictors of 2-Year Mortality and Risk Stratification After Surgical or Endovascular Revascularization of Infrainguinal Artery Disease in Hemodialysis Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Shiraki Tatsuya , Iida Osamu , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Soga Yoshimitsu , Mii Shinsuke , Okazaki Jin , Kuma Sosei , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Kamoi Daisuke , Shintani Yoshiaki , Ishikawa Toshinobu , Kitano Ikuro , Uematsu Masaaki
Published: September 2015

Purpose: To examine the 2-year mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and determine predictors that may aid in the selection of a revascularization strategy [bypass surgery or endovascular therapy (EVT)] according to current guidelines. Methods: From 2007 to 2009, 246 consecutive CLI patients (mean age 69±10 years; 170 men) on HD underwent revascularization for de novo infrainguinal lesions (178 EVT and 68 bypass grafting). The majority of the patients had diabetes (170, 69%) and tissue loss (194, 79%); nearly half (111, 45%) were nonambulatory. Overall survival after revascularization was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors for 2-year mortality after revascularization were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model; results are given as the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall survival rate was 77% at 1 year and 66% at 2 years. Predictors of 2-year mortality after revascularization were age >75 years (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.91, p=0.012), albumin <3 g/dL (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.84, p=0.001), and ejection fraction <50% (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.83, p=0.027). Patients with more predictors had a higher incidence of death within 2 years after revascularization. Conclusion: Advanced age, low albumin level, and low ejection fraction were independently associated with 2-year mortality after revascularization in HD patients with CLI. Risk stratification by these factors would be useful for deciding on a revascularization strategy.
Late Rupture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm After Previous Endovascular Repair
Authors: Antoniou George A. , Georgiadis George S. , Antoniou Stavros A. , Neequaye Simon , Brennan John A. , Torella Francesco , Vallabhaneni S. Rao
Published: September 2015

Purpose: To report a systematic literature review of late rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and the results of a pooled analysis of causes, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: Electronic information sources and bibliographic reference lists were interrogated using a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary searches; 11 articles were ultimately identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The articles reported a total of 190 patients who were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Mortality within 30 days or during the admission with aneurysm rupture was a primary endpoint; major perioperative morbidity was a secondary endpoint. A meta-analysis was performed for 30-day/in-hospital mortality using the random effects model. Results: A total of 152 ruptures occurred after 16,974 EVAR procedures reported by 8 of the case series, giving an incidence of 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 1.05]. The mean time to rupture was 37 months. Twenty-nine percent (95% CI 20 to 39) of the patients had at least one previous secondary endovascular intervention following the initial EVAR, and 37% (95% CI 30 to 45) were not compliant with surveillance. Type I and III endoleaks were the predominant causes of rupture. Open surgical treatment was undertaken in 61% (95% CI 53 to 68) of the patients who underwent treatment. The pooled estimate for perioperative mortality was 32% (95% CI 24 to 41). A significantly lower mortality was found with endovascular treatment than open surgical management (p=0.027). Conclusion: Graft-related endoleaks appear to be the predominant causes of late aneurysm rupture. Quality of and compliance with post-EVAR surveillance are important factors in late rupture; a large proportion of late ruptures are amenable to endovascular treatment.
Fate of Aneurysmal Common Iliac Artery Landing Zones Used for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Griffin Claire L. , Scali Salvatore T. , Feezor Robert J. , Chang Catherine K. , Giles Kristina A. , Fatima Javairiah , Huber Thomas S. , Beck Adam W.
Published: September 2015

Purpose: To determine outcomes of aneurysmal common iliac arteries (aCIA) used for landing zones (LZs) during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: This single-center study retrospectively compared 57 EVAR patients (mean age 72±8 years; 56 men) with 70 aCIAs (diameter ≥20 mm) to 25 control EVAR subjects (mean age 73±7 years; 20 men) with 50 normal (≤15-mm) CIA LZs treated consecutively during the same time interval. The CIA LZ measurements were analyzed using random effects linear mixed models to determine diameter change over time. Life tables were used to estimate freedom from endoleak, reintervention, and all-cause mortality. Results: The mean maximum preoperative CIA diameter in the aCIA LZ group was 24.8±4.5 mm (range 20.0–47.3, median 23.9) vs 13.6±1.5 mm (range 9.2–15.0, median 13.9; p<0.001) in the controls. Nineteen aCIA LZs were treated outside the instructions for use of the device. Median follow-up in the aCIAs LZ cohort was 39.2 months [interquartile range (IQR) 15, 61] vs 49.3 months (IQR 36, 61) in the controls (p=0.06). The rate of aCIA LZ change (0.09 mm/mo, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.1) was significantly greater than controls (0.03 mm/mo, 95% CI −0.009 to 0.07; p<0.0001). No type Ib endoleaks developed in either group; however, aCIA LZ patients had 6 (11%) iliac limb–related reinterventions. There were significantly more endograft-related reinterventions in the aCIA LZ patients (n=10, 14%) compared with controls (n=2, 4%; p=0.06). There was no difference in mortality or freedom from any post–hospital discharge endoleak. Conclusion: Aneurysmal CIA LZs used during EVAR experience greater dilatation compared with normal LZs, but no significant difference in outcome was noted in midterm follow-up. However, an increased incidence of graft limb complications or endograft-related reintervention may be encountered. Use of aCIA LZs appears to be safe; however, greater patient numbers and longer follow-up are needed to understand the clinical implications of morphologic changes in these vessels when used during EVAR.
Gait Disorder in a Cohort of Patients With Mild and Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Castrillo A. , Olmos L. M. García , Rodríguez F. , Duarte J.
Published: September 2015

Gait disturbance results in an increase in the risk of falls in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The falls are events that might be related to an increase in the number of fractures, loss of mobility, being bedridden, early institutionalization, and increased use of medication. Therefore, the reduction in the number of falls is important for the maintenance of the functional independence of the patients as well as for the prevention of sequelae resulting from those events. Alterations in the gait occur very frequently in AD, and the gait disturbance occurs relatively early in the course of the disease. This study has important implications for public health and clinical practice. This study and previous studies have reported that abnormal gait predicts greater risk of falls, dementia, institutionalization, and death. The high prevalence and incidence of abnormal gait and its association with multiple adverse outcomes in older adults require urgent attention. Our results allow us to identify the risk factors.
Non Legacy viewpoint for Department of Defense Architecture Framework architectures
Authors: Handley Holly A H , Amissah Matthew , Heimerdinger Dan , Vance Evelyn
Published: September 2015

The Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) is a key tool used by the United States engineering and acquisition communities. The DoDAF provides a method to organize system engineering information into a series of architecture products, and groups them into different “views” of the system. These viewpoints represent traditional perspectives of system architecture data, such as operations or technologies. With a new release of the DoDAF, it is now possible to create viewpoints that extend the system architecture to include new types of data such as a Human Viewpoint, which includes information about the human component of the system. This “Non Legacy” viewpoint can be used to augment the standard sets of architectural products with human-centered information important to the system description. However, the methodology to include new viewpoints in the DoDAF is not defined. While the DoDAF specification indicates that new data elements can be included in unique architecture products, there is no guidance on how to instantiate these representations while adhering to the DoDAF Meta Model (DM2) data schema. The focus of this research effort was to develop a methodology to implement the Human Viewpoint by extending the DM2 constructs while preserving the integrity of the overall architecture. The proposed methodology includes augmenting the underlying data schema, identifying the format to render the output models, ensuring that the additional views remains linked to the overall architecture, and evaluating the implications of the additional viewpoint. A flexible architecting tool, the Architex Decision Support Toolset, was used as an architecture test-bed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing Non Legacy viewpoints using the prescribed process. The outcome of this work can be extended to provide a general methodology for including other Non Legacy viewpoints with the DoDAF architecture framework.
Simplified control strategy for resonance reduction of primary system
Authors: Han Ning , Zhao Yanqing , Gao Qiang , Duan Chendong
Published: September 2015

The tuned vibration absorber has become an effective device for vibration control in many engineering applications. However, using the tuned vibration absorber introduces a new resonance peak into the frequency response of the primary system and can actually increase the vibration of the primary system. We have proposed a control strategy based on variable mass adaptive tuned vibration absorber to reduce the resonance of the primary system in a previous study. However, this control plan is limited because it is difficult to obtain a key control parameter in some situations; therefore, it is difficult to implement in practical applications. Based on previous work, in this article, a simplified control strategy to reduce the resonance of the primary system with a vibration absorber attached is proposed that can easily obtain the approximation of this control parameter. A number of simulations and experiments have been carried out to test the performance of the new control plan. The results show that it is effective for reducing the resonance of the primary system with slight performance degradation of the vibration reduction, but the control parameter is much easier to obtain. The work is valuable for applications of the adaptive tuned vibration absorber on vibration control.
Research on steady-state simulation in dynamic job shop scheduling problem
Authors: Xiong Hegen , Fan Huali , Li Gongfa , Jiang Guozhang
Published: September 2015

A systematic research of steady state for the dynamic job shop scheduling problem with jobs releasing continuously over time has been conducted in this article. A simulation scheduling test for the purpose of factor analysis is designed and carried out first and then another simulation scheduling test for the purposes of disciplinarian investigation is conducted. The heuristic dispatching rule algorithm is adopted in the simulation scheduling. The test data are processed and analyzed using SPSS13.0. The results indicated that the dominant factor that can characterize the shop steady state is the shop utilization level. Besides, the relationship between the number of jobs arrived at the shop and the steady state of the shop can be described by a quadratic curve preferably. Results obtained in this article make significant sense for the study of simulation scheduling of dynamic job shop scheduling problem and also for the optimum design of the shop system.
Study on thermal property of lauric–palmitic–stearic acid/vermiculite composite as form-stable phase change material for energy storage
Authors: Zhang Nan , Yuan Yanping , Li Tianyu , Cao Xiaoling , Yang Xiaojiao
Published: September 2015

The form-stable composite phase change material of lauric–palmitic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture/vermiculite was prepared by vacuum impregnation method for thermal energy storage. The maximum mass fraction of lauric–palmitic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture retained in vermiculite was determined as 50 wt% without melted phase change material seepage from the composite phase change material. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the prepared lauric–palmitic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture/vermiculite form-stable composite phase change material, and the results indicate that lauric–palmitic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture was well confined into the layer porous structure of vermiculite by physical reaction. The melting and freezing temperatures and latent heats were measured by differential scanning calorimeter as 31.4°C and 30.3°C, and 75.8 and 73.2 J/g, respectively. Thermal cycling test showed that there was no significant change in the thermal properties of lauric–palmitic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture/vermiculite form-stable composite phase change material after 1000 thermal cycles. Moreover, 2 wt% expanded graphite was added to improve the thermal conductivity of lauric–palmitic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture/vermiculite form-stable composite phase change material. All results indicated that the prepared lauric–palmitic–stearic acid ternary eutectic mixture/vermiculite form-stable composite phase change material had suitable thermal properties and good thermal reliability for the application of thermal energy storage in building energy efficiency.
Research on the kinetic energy ratio of return air entrainment in the form of low supply–middle return in the large space of brine experiments
Authors: Wang Xin , Huai Xiaoqiang , Huang Chen , Qin Jun
Published: September 2015

Introduced in this article is a 1:15 brine model experiment rig with an actual large space building as the research object, which provides different concentration brine for a simulation of the stratified air conditioning in the steady-state flow field featured with columnar air supply in the bottom, heat source on the ground, the central air return, and air exhaust from roof in a large space. According to the similarity theory, it is concluded that the similarity criterion numbers applied here are Reynolds number (Re) and Archimedes number (Ar) for designation of experiment rig size, choosing device type, and confirming experiment condition. In the designation of key components of experiment rig, the application of automation control makes brine recovery and recycling in the process; designation of electrical control system makes a centralized control of experiment start–stop and the adjustment of the pipeline flow, realizing automation in the whole experiment process. Particle image velocimetry testing technology is used to get velocity vector field of air return mouth area in the model under various working conditions, and also proper orthogonal decomposition method is applied to analyze flow field structure of air return mouth area and reconstruct it. Consequently, we can get a kinetic energy ratio of return air entrainment of lower air-conditioning section and upper non-air-conditioning section in large space. Experiments show that under the conditions of same air supply, indoor environment temperature difference, and height and direction of return air inlet, fastening the speed of return air suction, the entrainment of flow field around it strengthens accordingly. The entrainment of return air inlet has more kinetic energy in the lower air-conditioning section than the upper non-air-conditioning section.
Effect of processing parameters of rotary ultrasonic machining on surface integrity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals
Authors: Zhang Jianfu , Wang Dong , Feng Pingfa , Wu Zhijun , Yu Dingwen
Published: September 2015

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is an important optical crystal. However, high-precision processing of large potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal workpieces is difficult. In this article, surface roughness and subsurface damage characteristics of a (001) potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal surface produced by traditional and rotary ultrasonic machining are studied. The influence of process parameters, including spindle speed, feed speed, type and size of sintered diamond wheel, ultrasonic power, and selection of cutting fluid on potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal surface integrity, was analyzed. The surface integrity, especially the subsurface damage depth, was affected significantly by the ultrasonic power. Metal-sintered diamond tools with high granularity were most suitable for machining potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal. Cutting fluid played a key role in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal machining. A more precise surface can be obtained in machining with a higher spindle speed, lower feed speed, and using kerosene as cutting fluid. Based on the provided optimized process parameters for machining potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal, a processed surface quality with Ra value of 33 nm and subsurface damage depth value of 6.38 μm was achieved.
Social anxiety disorder
Authors: Zakri Hani
Published: September 2015

Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is arguably one of the most common mental health problems seen in primary care, only being exceeded by depression; however, it frequently goes unrecognised. It is common that GPs, rather than psychiatrists, face the challenge of making a diagnosis and explaining the treatment options. Evidence suggests that there is a significant need to identify patients with SAD, as it remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Frequently, patients with SAD present with co-morbid and overlapping anxiety and mood disorders in addition to substance misuse. There are effective treatments for SAD, they include both pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy; however, if the condition remains unrecognised there is a strong association with long-term disability and distress. The aim of this article is to increase awareness among GP trainees of this common mental health problem and to shed some light on this disorder and its treatment options.
A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Braley Tiffany J. , Chervin Ronald D.
Published: September 2015

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk for comorbid sleep disturbances, which can profoundly contribute to poor functional status and fatigue. Insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, and restless legs syndrome are among the most common sleep disorders experienced by patients with MS. Despite their impact, these underlying sleep disorders may escape routine clinical evaluations in persons with MS, thereby leading to missed opportunities to optimize functional status and quality of life in patients with MS. A practical, systematic approach to the evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders in MS, in the context of MS-specific variables that may influence risk for these conditions or response to therapy, is recommended to facilitate early diagnosis and successful treatment. This review summarizes the most common sleep disorders experienced by persons with MS, and offers a practical approach to diagnosis and management of these conditions.
Designing Thriving Ecosystems for the Future with Social Architecture
Authors: Villemot-Kienzle Claudine
Published: September 2015

A quick review of history shows that the development of more advanced technologies is paralleled by the unfolding of improvements in human intuition, sensitivity, and transpersonal awareness. Having experienced this phenomenon many times already, humanity today stands at the threshold of an integral, holistic age that promises not only technological marvels, but, if we are willing to explore our minds and hearts with similar fervor and dedication, one that will enable us to develop and consciously apply our inner resources to co-create the future and advance toward the emergence of a possible new species: “Homo universalis.”
Measures of Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity for Urban Chinese Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Suen Yi Nam , Cerin Ester , Huang Wendy Y. J. , Mellecker Robin R.
Published: September 2015

We adapted/developed and examined the test–retest reliability and internal consistency of eight parent-report measures of home and neighborhood environmental correlates of physical activity appropriate for Chinese preschool-aged children and their parents/primary caregivers living in densely populated urban environments. This study consisted of a qualitative (cognitive interviews) and a quantitative (test–retest reliability) component. Chinese versions of the measures were pilot-tested on 20 parents of Hong Kong preschool-aged children using cognitive interviews. Measures were then administered to 61 parents twice, 1 week apart. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were computed. Except for two items, the test–retest reliability of items and scale summary scores ranged from moderate to excellent. The internal consistency of the measures exceeded recommended minimal values (Cronbach’s α > .70). The parent-report measures examined in this study are potentially appropriate for use in investigations of environmental correlates of the physical activity of Chinese preschool-aged children living in densely populated urban environments. However, their predictive validity with respect to Chinese preschool-aged children’s physical activity needs to be assessed in future studies.
Do Men and Women Exhibit Different Preferences for Mates? A Replication of Eastwick and Finkel (2008)
Authors: Selterman Dylan F. , Chagnon Elizabeth , Mackinnon Sean P.
Published: September 2015

Evolutionary theory predicts that men will prefer physically attractive romantic partners, and women will prefer wealthy, high-status partners. This theory is well-supported when examining ideal hypothetical partner preferences, but less support has been found when people interact face-to-face. The present study served as a direct replication of results reported in Eastwick and Finkel (2008). We recruited 307 participants and utilized a speed-dating methodology to allow in-person interactions, then administered follow-up surveys to measure romantic interest over 30 days. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling and were aggregated using meta-analysis. Consistent with previous findings, our results showed that participants were more romantically interested in potential partners if they were viewed as attractive and good potential earners, and these associations were not moderated by gender. Results suggest that gender differences predicted by evolutionary theory may not hold when people interact with potential romantic partners face-to-face. However, we discuss these results in light of some general methodological limitations and evidence from other lines of research.
A Stimulating Experience
Authors: Top Namik , Sahin Alpaslan , Almus Kadir
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the views of international Science Olympiad participants on the benefits of the competition and the factors that affected their career aspirations. We also investigated how students’ choice of competition category varied with respect to gender. The sample included 273 International Sustainable World Energy, Engineering, and Environment Project (I-SWEEEP) participants from 39 countries. Mixed-methods were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and t-statistics were provided to answer the first question. As a means of addressing the second question, a chi-square test was utilized to examine how participants’ category selection differed by gender. Qualitative analysis was used to reveal the types of benefits students reaped from participation in the I-SWEEEP. Results indicated that students were most affected by their teachers, parents, and personal interests. Although the relationship between gender and competition category was not statistically significant, there nevertheless emerged a pattern showing that girls preferred environmental science projects (45.5%) to engineering projects (24.4%). Qualitative analyses revealed six themes as benefits that students gained from participation in the I-SWEEEP. The relationship among the fundamental themes was also examined and revealed important findings. The results have educational implications for helping students accomplish to be science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals in the future.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in BRIC countries: the cases of Brazil, Russia, India, and China
Authors: Richeldi Luca , Rubin Adalberto Sperb , Avdeev Sergey , Udwadia Zarir F. , Xu Zuo Jun
Published: September 2015

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the prototype of interstitial lung diseases, has the worst prognosis and is the only interstitial lung disease for which approved pharmacological treatments are available. Despite being considered a rare disease, IPF patients pose major challenges to both physicians and healthcare systems. It is estimated that a large number of IPF patients reside in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) given their overall total population of approximately 3 billion inhabitants. Nevertheless, the limited availability of chest imaging in BRIC countries is considered a chief obstacle to diagnosis, since high-resolution computed tomography of the chest is the key diagnostic test for IPF. Further, obtaining reliable lung function tests and providing treatment access is difficult in the more rural areas of these countries. However, IPF might represent an opportunity for BRIC countries: the exponentially increasing demand for the enrollment of IPF patients in clinical trials of new drugs is predicted to face a shortage of patients – BRIC countries may thus play a crucial role in advancing towards a cure for IPF.
Rac1 plays an essential role in axon growth and guidance and in neuronal survival in the central and peripheral nervous systems
Authors: Hua Zhong L. , Emiliani Francesco E. , Nathans Jeremy
Published: September 2015

Background

Rac1 is a critical regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in multiple cell types. In the nervous system, it has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation, neuronal migration, and axon development.

Results

To systematically investigate the role of Rac1 in axon growth and guidance in the developing nervous system, we have examined the phenotypes associated with deleting Rac1 in the embryonic mouse forebrain, in cranial and spinal motor neurons, in cranial sensory and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and in the retina. We observe a widespread requirement for Rac1 in axon growth and guidance and a cell-autonomous defect in axon growth in Rac1

−/−
motor neurons in culture. Neuronal death, presumably a secondary consequence of the axon growth and/or guidance defects, was observed in multiple locations. Following deletion of Rac1 in the forebrain, thalamocortical axons were misrouted inferiorly, with the majority projecting to the contralateral thalamus and a minority projecting ipsilaterally to the ventral cortex, a pattern of misrouting that is indistinguishable from the pattern previously observed in Frizzled3

−/−
and Celsr3

−/−
forebrains. In the limbs, motor-neuron-specific deletion of Rac1 produced a distinctive stalling of axons within the dorsal nerve of the hindlimb but a much milder loss of axons in the ventral hindlimb and forelimb nerves, a pattern that is virtually identical to the one previously observed in Frizzled3

−/−
limbs.

Conclusions

The similarities in axon growth and guidance phenotypes caused by Rac1, Frizzled3, and Celsr3 loss-of-function mutations suggest a mechanistic connection between tissue polarity/planar cell polarity signaling and Rac1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation.
Coincidence point and fixed point theorems for a new type of G-contraction multivalued mappings on a metric space endowed with a graph
Authors: Hanjing Adisak , Suantai Suthep
Published: September 2015

In this paper, a new type of G-contraction multivalued mappings in a metric space endowed with a directed graph is introduced and studied. This type of mappings is more general than that of Mizoguchi and Takahashi (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 141:177-188, 1989), Berinde and Berinde (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 326:772-782, 2007), Du (Topol. Appl. 159:49-56, 2012), and Sultana and Vetrivel (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 417:336-344, 2014). A fixed point and coincidence point theorem for this type of mappings is established. Some examples illustrating our main results are also given. The main results obtained in this paper extend and generalize those in (Tiammee and Suantai in Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:70, 2014) and many well-known results in the literature.
Type 1 diabetes complicated with uncontrollable adult cyclic vomiting syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ogiso Kazuma , Koriyama Nobuyuki , Akao Ayako , Otsuji Mayumi , Goto Takahiko , Fujisaki Natsuko , Minobe Machiko , Kinowaki Mayumi , Matsuki Shigeru
Published: September 2015

We herein describe the case of a 29-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes from 10 years of age who developed adult cyclic vomiting syndrome. Beginning at 25 years of age, she was frequently hospitalized for stress-induced vomiting. Her vomiting episodes developed acutely and remitted after severe vomiting of more than 30 times a day for a few days. The vomiting periods were accompanied by leukocytosis with a predominance of neutrophils, high blood pressure and fever. In addition, it was noted that her levels of both adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone during the vomiting attacks increased and subsequently dramatically decreased immediately after symptom improvement; therefore, she was diagnosed with adult-type cyclic vomiting syndrome in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of Rome III, a system developed to classify functional gastrointestinal disorders. Though glycemic control had improved with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy, the vomiting frequency increased due to the failure of drug treatments and general psychotherapy to terminate the vomiting attacks, making discharge difficult and greatly interfering with everyday life. Eventually, hypnotherapy and miniature garden therapy were prescribed, which significantly reduced the vomiting frequency, making it possible to discharge her from inpatient medical care.

In the treatment of this patient with type 1 diabetes and adult-type cyclic vomiting syndrome, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and comprehensive psychotherapy were effective.
Ambient seismic noise tomography at Ekofisk
Authors: de Ridder Sjoerd A. L. , Biondi Biondo L.
Published: September 2015

We have studied an approximately 40-hr recording from the Life of Field Seismic array installed over Ekofisk field to assess whether the recorded ambient seismic energy was suitable for passive seismic surface-wave interferometry. Passive seismic interferometry aims to retrieve virtual seismic sources by crosscorrelation. We have found that the noise recorded by the pressure sensors between 0.4 and 1.4 Hz consisted predominantly of Scholte-wave microseism energy. The noise incidence directions have an almost uniform distribution over the azimuth, enabling the synthesis of nearly symmetric estimated Green’s functions between all stations in the array that formed virtual seismic sources. These sources were dominated by Scholte waves traveling along the seafloor, and we sought to determine which features in the subsurface can be imaged by straight-ray group-velocity tomography. We located a high-velocity anomaly in the center of Ekofisk’s production-induced subsidence bowl, surrounded by lower velocities. This pattern seemed to result from production-induced seafloor subsidence that altered the near-surface shear strengths. A dispersion analysis showed that the Scholte-wave virtual seismic source exhibited an approximate penetration depth to 600 m below the seafloor. These results are significant because they demonstrated that recordings made at the ocean-bottom cable array at Ekofisk field in the absence of seismic shooting can be used to image and monitor the near surface.
Noise-robust detection and tracking of salt domes in postmigrated volumes using texture, tensors, and subspace learning
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hegazy Tamir , Long Zhiling , AlRegib Ghassan
Published: September 2015

The identification of salt-dome boundaries in migrated seismic data volumes is important for locating petroleum reservoirs. The presence of noise in the data makes computer-aided salt-dome interpretation even more challenging. We have developed noise-robust algorithms that could label boundaries of salt domes effectively and efficiently. Our research is twofold. First, we used a texture-based gradient to accomplish salt-dome detection. We found that by using a dissimilarity measure based on the 2D discrete Fourier transform, the algorithm was capable of efficiently detecting salt-dome boundaries with accuracy. At the same time, our analysis determined that the proposed algorithm was robust to noise. Once the detection is performed for an initial 2D seismic section, we track the initial boundaries through the data volume to accomplish an efficient labeling process by avoiding the parameter tuning that would have been necessary if detection had been performed for every seismic section. The tracking process involves a tensor-based subspace learning process, in which we built texture tensors using patches from different seismic sections. To accommodate noise components with various levels in a texture tensor, we used noise-adjusted principal component analysis, so that principal components corresponding to greater signal-to-noise-ratio values might be selected for tracking. We validated our detection and tracking algorithms through experiments using seismic data sets acquired from the Netherlands offshore F3 block in the North Sea with very encouraging results.