bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two independent loss‐of‐function mutations in anthocyanidin synthase homeologous genes are responsible for the all‐green phenotype of sweet basil
Authors: Gonda Itay , Abu‐Abied Mohamad , Adler Chen , Milavski Renana , Tal Ofir , Davidovich‐Rikanati Rachel , Faigenboim Adi , Kahane‐Achinoam Tali , Shachter Alona , Chaimovitsh David , Dudai Nativ
Published: February 2023

Sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L., is an important culinary herb grown worldwide. Although basil is green, many landraces, breeding lines, and exotic cultivars have purple stems and flowers. This anthocyanin pigmentation is unacceptable in traditional Italian basil used for Pesto sauce production. In the current study, we aimed to resolve the genetics that underlines the different colors. We used the recently published sweet basil genome to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flower and stem color in a bi‐parental F2 population. It was found that the pigmentation is governed by a single QTL, harboring an anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene (EC 1.14.20.4). Further analysis revealed that the basil genome harbors two homeologous ANS genes, each carrying a loss‐of‐function mutation. ObANS1 carries a single base pair insertion resulting in a frameshift, and ObANS2 carries a missense mutation within the active site. In the purple‐flower parent, ANS1 is functional, and ANS2 carries a nonsense mutation. The functionality of the ObANS1 active allele was validated by complementation assay in an Arabidopsis ANS mutant. Moreover, we have restored the functionality of the missense‐mutated ObANS2 using site‐directed activation. We found that the non‐functional alleles were expressed to similar levels as the functional allele, suggesting polyploids invest futile effort in expressing non‐functional genes, offsetting their advantageous redundancy. This work demonstrated the usefulness of the genomics and genetics of basil to understand the basic mechanism of metabolic traits and raise fundamental questions in polyploid plant biology.
How governance boundaries affect regional collaboration on atmospheric governance—Evidence from China's Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Suo Liming , Li Xue , Cao Shuai
Published: January 2023

Regional public affairs will become more complex when contradictions emerge between administrative boundaries and policy issues that require cross‐boundary collaboration. Breaking administrative boundaries has become a prerequisite for facilitating inter‐local government collaboration. This study categorizes governance boundaries into the administrative boundary and the ecology‐based policy boundary and then examines how these two governance boundaries and their interactive relationship contribute to the intergovernmental collaboration network in China's regional atmospheric governance (RAG). Using data on the atmospheric governance collaboration from 30 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2013 to 2018, we employ the MR‐QAP model to find that cities within the same administrative boundary are more likely to collaborate and cities within the ecology‐based policy boundary, compared with those beyond, are more likely to collaborate but with a lagging effect. Ecology‐based policy boundary has a positive but lagging moderating effect on the contribution of the administrative boundary to the formation of intergovernmental collaboration networks.
Associations between age of menarche, early sexual debut and high‐risk sexual behaviour among urban Tanzanian schoolgirls: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Whitworth Hilary S. , Baisley Kathy J. , Nnko Soori , Irani Julia , Aguirre‐Beltran Aura , Changalucha John , Crucitti Tania , Francis Suzanna , Hashim Ramadhan , Hansen Christian Holm , Hayes Richard J. , Buvé Anne , Watson‐Jones Deborah
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This cross‐sectional survey aimed to explore associations between age of menarche, early sexual debut and high‐risk sexual behaviour among urban Tanzanian schoolgirls.

Methods

Secondary schoolgirls aged 17–18 years from Mwanza, Tanzania, participated in structured face‐to‐face questionnaire‐based interviews, conducted by nurses and clinicians. Age of menarche was evaluated in categories of 11–12, 13–14, 15–16 or ≥17 years. Primary outcome measures were self‐reported early sexual debut (first vaginal sex at <16 years) and high‐risk sexual behaviour, including non‐use of condoms, having sex for gifts/money, having older sexual partners and/or other risky behaviours.

Results

Of 401 girls enrolled, 174 (43.4%) reported prior vaginal sex. Prevalence of early sexual debut was 14.2% but pressured/forced sex and risky sexual behaviours were common. Adjusted for potential confounding, younger age at menarche was associated with early sexual debut (adjusted odds ratio for linear trend: 1.88 per category, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–2.92, p = 0.005). This association remained after excluding girls with first sex at <8 years or experiencing pressure or force at first sex. Further, adjusted for potential confounding (including ever experiencing forced sex), early sexual debut was associated with high‐risk sexual behaviour (adjusted odds ratio: 2.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.38–5.88, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Among urban Tanzanian school girls, younger age of menarche was associated with early sexual debut, and early sexual debut was associated with high‐risk sexual behaviour. Researchers and public health professionals developing and delivering interventions aimed at preventing adverse sexual health outcomes should consider the impact of these early biological and sexual exposures.
How Do Microalgae Biodiesel Blends Affect the Acoustic and Vibration Characteristics of the Direct Injection Diesel Engine: An Experimental Examination
Authors: Prabhu L. , Dhanalakshmi K. , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Sołowski Gaweł , Veeman Dhinakaran
Published: January 2023

The noise and vibration characteristics play a vital role in the effectiveness of engine operations and performance of internal combustion engines. Accumulation of the higher amplitude of both noise and vibration affects the comfort of the engine. So far, most of the research done on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics only. Less importance is shown in the form engine vibration and sounds created by the engine operation. This paper presents and explores the importance and experimental results of noise and vibration by the compression ignition diesel engine with the fuels of diesel and microalgae biodiesel. The produced microalgae biodiesel blends were SMB10%, SMB20%, and SMB30%. The experimental results were conducted at different engine loads varying across 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The inline, four-cylinder, water-cooled, and naturally aspirated DI diesel engine was used as an experimental setup. From the comparative results between the diesel and microalgae biodiesel, it is found that the use of microalgae blended biodiesel reduced the noise and vibration. The higher the percentage of blends, the greater the reduction in sound and vibration will be. Apart from possessing the performance and emission qualities, the microalgae biodiesel blends proved to be an efficient fuel in reduced vibration and noise qualities too. In three directions, the vibrations were measured as lateral, longitudinal, and vertical vibrations. The vibration in the lateral direction was significantly reduced. Compelling the results, it is understood that the use of the microalgae blends can be sustainable from the perspective of engine wear and tear.
Vibration Analysis of a Nonlinear Absorber Coupled to a Hand-Held Impact Machine
Authors: Alabi Oreoluwa , Gupta Sunit Kumar , Barry Oumar R.
Published: January 2023

Exposure of human hands to harmful levels of vibration can lead to severe injuries. To attenuate these hand transmitted vibrations, a nonlinear vibration absorber inerter (NVAI) is proposed in this work. The proposed NVAI is attached to a coupled nonlinear system of a hand-held impact machine and a hand-arm system. The combined coupled nonlinear system is modeled as a lumped parameter model with a combination of cubic and linear stiffness components, linear viscous dampers, and lumped masses. The governing equations of motion are solved analytically using the method of harmonic balance and validated using numerical simulations. A numerical bifurcation diagram of the system reveals the existence of complex solutions such as quasi-periodic and chaotic attractors. The appearances of quasi-periodic and chaotic attractors are later confirmed by Lyapunov exponents. Further, we explore the ability of the proposed NVAI to decrease the area corresponding to unstable quasi-periodic and chaotic motion in the excitation amplitude–frequency space. This observation further implies the delay in the onset of quasi-periodic and chaotic motion for a range of forcing amplitude using Lyapunov exponents. Finally, parametric analyses are carried out to identify the critical design parameters of the NVAI. These analyses reveal that an increase in the damping, mass, and inertance of the absorber ameliorates the performance of the NVAI. Furthermore, the critical value of the external excitation, corresponding to a sudden change in the response of the system, can be controlled using an appropriate selection of absorber parameters.
¿Estamos dispuestos a aprender la lección y corregir el rumbo?
Authors:   Universidad de Murcia, Muñoz Maluenda Cristian
Published: February 2023

Es una reflexión relacionada a situaciones de daño ambiental tanto en España como en Chile y como aquello afecta los sistemas socioecológicos, los cuales aunque resilientes, al parecer no hacen el aprendizaje.
New records of Tetranychoidea (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Iran with description of a new species of the genus Aegyptobia Sayed
Authors: Mahdavi Sayed Mosayeb , Asadi Mahdieh
Published: February 2023

A new species of the genus Aegyptobia Sayed, 1950 (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae), namely Aegyptobia carmania sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on females and males collected from Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) in Southern Iran (Kerman Province). The genus Dolichonobia Smith Meyer, 1974 and subgenus Reckia Wainstein, 1960 are recorded for the first time from Iran. In addition, eight species are recorded for the first time from Iran.
Quantum memory effects in atomic ensembles coupled to photonic cavities
Authors: Burgess Adam , Florescu Marian
Published: January 2023

This article explores the dynamics of many-body atomic systems symmetrically coupled to Lorentzian photonic cavity systems. Our study reveals interesting dynamical characteristics, including non-zero steady states, super-radiant decay, enhanced energy transfer, and the ability to modulate oscillations in the atomic system by tuning environmental degrees of freedom. We also analyze a configuration consisting of a three-atom chain embedded in a photonic cavity. Similarly, we find a strong enhancement of the energy transfer rate between the two ends of the chain and identified specific initial conditions that lead to significantly reduced dissipation between the two atoms at the end of the chain. Another configuration of interest consists of two symmetrical detuned reservoirs with respect to the atomic system. In the single atom case, we show that it is possible to enhance the decay rate of the system by modulating its reservoir detuning. In contrast, in the many-atom case, this results in dynamics akin to the on-resonant cavity. Finally, we examine the validity of the rotating wave approximation through a direct comparison against the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion. We find good agreement in the weak coupling regime, while in the intermediate coupling regime, we identify qualitative similarities, but the rotating wave approximation becomes less reliable. In the moderate coupling regime, we find deviations of the steady states due to the formation of mixed photon-atom states.
Lanthanum sulfide powder analyzed by XPS
Authors: Butkus Brian , Havel Matthew , Kostogiannes Alexandros , Howe Andrew , Kang Myungkoo , Gaume Romain , Richardson Kathleen A. , Banerjee Parag
Published: January 2023

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed on as-received, gamma lanthanum sulfide (γ-La2S3) powder (99.9%), doped with sodium sulfide (Na2S) 0.1% wt. %. The scans provide photoelectron spectroscopy investigation data for cubic La2S3 to help with identification of lanthanum compounds. This report includes charge corrected scans for the survey along with S 2s, S 2p, La 4s, La 4p, La 4d, La 3p3/2, La 3p1/2, La 3d, Na 1s, O 1s, and C 1s surface photoelectron signals.
Health Outcomes of Physical Activity Interventions in Adults With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ballenger Brantley K. , Schultz Emma E. , Dale Melody , Fernhall Bo , Motl Robert W. , Agiovlasitis Stamatis
Published: February 2023

This systematic review examined whether physical activity interventions improve health outcomes in adults with Down syndrome (DS). We searched PubMed, APA PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycARTICLES, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection using keywords related to DS and physical activity. We included 35 studies published in English since January 1, 1990. Modes of exercise training programs included aerobic exercise, strength training, combined aerobic and strength training, aquatic, sport and gaming, and aerobic and strength exercise interventions combined with health education. The evidence base indicates that aerobic and strength exercise training improve physical fitness variables including maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, upper and lower body strength, body weight, and body fat percentage. Sport and gaming interventions improve functional mobility, work task performance, and sport skill performance. We concluded that adults with DS can accrue health benefits from properly designed physical activity and exercise interventions.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Strains from Avian Sources, Using Hybrid Nanopore-Illumina Assembly
Authors: Hashish Amro , Johnson Timothy J. , Smith Emily , Chundru Dhiraj , Williams Michele L. , Macedo Nubia R. , Sato Yuko , Ghanem Mostafa , El-Gazzar Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
has been associated with respiratory disease in poultry, particularly turkeys, leading to significant economic losses. However,
O. rhinotracheale
is poorly studied, and a very limited number of complete genomes are available. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three
O. rhinotracheale
strains, generated using a Nanopore-Illumina hybrid assembly approach.
The Oxidative Stress-Induced Hypothetical Protein PG_0686 in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Is a Novel Diguanylate Cyclase
Authors: Ximinies Alexia D. , Dou Yuetan , Mishra Arunima , Zhang Kangling , Deivanayagam Champion , Wang Charles , Fletcher Hansel M.
Published: January 2023

Porphyromonas gingivalis
is an important etiological agent in periodontitis and other systemic diseases. There is still a gap in our understanding of the mechanisms that
P. gingivalis
uses to survive the inflammatory microenvironment of the periodontal pocket.
Carbon Dioxide Potentiates Flucytosine Susceptibility in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Jezewski Andrew J. , Ristow Laura C. , Krysan Damian J.
Published: January 2023

Cryptococcus neoformans
causes life-threatening infections of the brain. The most effective treatment regimens are based on flucytosine-based combination therapy, which has led to increasingly successful broadening of access to flucytosine globally.
Return to sport following low-risk and high-risk bone stress injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoenig Tim , Eissele Julian , Strahl André , Popp Kristin L , Stürznickel Julian , Ackerman Kathryn E , Hollander Karsten , Warden Stuart J , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Tenforde Adam S , Rolvien Tim
Published: January 2023

Objective

Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are classified in clinical practice as being at low- or high-risk for complication based on the injury location. However, this dichotomous approach has not been sufficiently validated. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the prognostic role of injury location on return-to-sport (RTS) and treatment complications after BSI of the lower extremity and pelvis.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched from database inception to December 2021.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Peer-reviewed studies that reported site-specific RTS of BSIs in athletes.

Results

Seventy-six studies reporting on 2974 BSIs were included. Sixteen studies compared multiple injury sites, and most of these studies (n=11) described the anatomical site of injury as being prognostic for RTS or the rate of treatment complication. Pooled data revealed the longest time to RTS for BSIs of the tarsal navicular (127 days; 95% CI 102 to 151 days) and femoral neck (107 days; 95% CI 79 to 135 days) and shortest duration of time for BSIs of the posteromedial tibial shaft (44 days, 95% CI 27 to 61 days) and fibula (56 days; 95% CI 13 to 100 days). Overall, more than 90% of athletes successfully returned to sport. Treatment complication rate was highest in BSIs of the femoral neck, tarsal navicular, anterior tibial shaft and fifth metatarsal; and lowest in the fibula, pubic bone and posteromedial tibial shaft.

Conclusion

This systematic review supports that the anatomical site of BSIs influences RTS timelines and the risk of complication. BSIs of the femoral neck, anterior tibial shaft and tarsal navicular are associated with increased rates of complications and more challenging RTS.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021232351.
Impact of computerised provider order entry on the quality and quantity of clinical information included with investigation requests: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Weiand Daniel , Cullerton Caroline , Oxley Robert , Plummer Chris J
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Relevant clinical information is vital to inform the analytical and interpretative phases of most investigations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of implementation of computerised provider order entry (CPOE), featuring order-specific electronic order entry forms (eOEFs), on the quality and quantity of clinical information included with investigation requests.

Methods

The CPOE module of a commercially available electronic health record (Cerner Millennium) was implemented at a large, tertiary care centre. The laboratory information management system was interrogated to collect data on specimens sent for microbiological culture 1 year before implementation of CPOE (2018), immediately post implementation (2019) and 6 months post implementation (2020). An interrupted time series analysis was performed, using text mining, to evaluate the quality and quantity of free-text clinical information.

Results

In total, 39 919 specimens were collected from 16 458 patients. eOEFs were used to place 10 071 out of 13 735 orders in 2019 (73.3%), and 9155 out of 12 229 orders in 2020 (74.9%). No clinical details were included with 653 out of 39 919 specimens (1.6%), of which 22 (3.4%) were ordered using eOEFs. The median character count increased from 14 in 2018, to 41 in 2019, and 38 in 2020. An anti-infective agent was specified in 581 out of 13 955 requests (4.2%) in 2018; 5545 out of 13 735 requests (40.4%) in 2019; and 5215 out of 12 229 requests (42.6%) in 2020. Ciprofloxacin or piperacillin-tazobactam (Tazocin) were mentioned in the clinical details included with 421 out of 15 335 urine culture requests (2.7%), of which 406 (96.3%) were ordered using eOEFs. Subsequent detection of in vitro non-susceptibility led to a change in anti-infective therapy for five patients.

Conclusions

Implementation of CPOE, featuring order-specific eOEFs, significantly and sustainably improves the quality and quantity of clinical information included with investigation requests, resulting in changes to patient management that would not otherwise have occurred.
Trauma of abortion restrictions and forced pregnancy: urgent implications for acute care surgeons
Authors: Keegan Grace , Francis Myles , Chalmers Kristen , Hoofnagle Mark , Noory Mary , Essig Rachael , Hoefer Lea , Bhardwaj Neha , Kaufman Elinore , Crandall Marie L , Zaidi Mohammad , Koch Valerie , McLaren Hillary , Henry Marion , Dorsey Chelsea , Zakrison Tanya , Chor Julie
Published: January 2023

In the aftermath of the Supreme Court’s Dobbs vs. Jackson Women’s Health decision, acute care surgeons face an increased likelihood of seeing patients with complications from both self-managed abortions and forced pregnancy in underserved areas of reproductive and maternity care throughout the USA. Acute care surgeons have an ethical and legal duty to provide care to these patients, especially in obstetrics and gynecology deserts, which already exist in much of the country and are likely to be exacerbated by legislation banning abortion. Structural inequities lead to an over-representation of poor individuals and people of color among patients seeking abortion care, and it is imperative to make central the fact that people of color who can become pregnant will be disproportionately affected by this legislation in every respect. Acute care surgeons must take action to become aware of and trained to treat both the direct clinical complications and the extragestational consequences of reproductive injustice, while also using their collective voices to reaffirm the right to abortion as essential healthcare in the USA.
ON SOME METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF INTERACTING POPULATIONS
Authors: VENTURINO EZIO , CARIDI YURI , ANJOS VITÓRIA DOS , D’ANCONA GIULIA
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we focus on some important aspects of model building. The discussion specifically concerns the case of predator–prey interactions. We introduce here two models whose slight difference lies just in the way predators survive. In the former, they are taken to feed only on the modeled prey, i.e., to be specialists; in the second one, they are generalists, i.e., they can survive on other not explicitly modeled food resources.

But our main focus is on the prey, that may disappear due to the Allee effect, if reduced to very low numbers. On the other hand, they also exhibit herd behavior. Our main aim is the discussion of the issues of mathematical modeling of such situation. We show on this example that modeling requires much more than equations patching from different systems.

The analysis of the models indicates that the ecosystem may collapse in the case of specialist predators. If the predators have other feeding resources, they instead can thrive. Both types of models exhibit bistability between the prey-free state and coexistence.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN LIVER MODEL WITH FRACTIONAL OPERATOR
Authors: AZEEM MUHAMMAD , FARMAN MUHAMMAD , ABUKHALED MARWAN , NISAR KOTTAKKARAN SOOPPY , AKGÜL ALI
Published: January 2023

This paper will introduce novel techniques for a fractional-order model of the human liver involving the Atangana–Baleanu, Atangana–Toufik, and the Fractal fractional method with the nonsingular kernel. These techniques give more accurate and appropriate results. Existence and uniqueness have been developed with the help of fixed-point theory results. Numerical simulations are done from the developed algorithm of the model to elaborate the effect of fractional values and justify the theoretical results. Such kind of analysis will be useful for further investigation of epidemic diseases, and also provide a better understanding of disease dynamics to overcome the effect of disease in a community.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF PERSISTENT PROCESSES-BASED FRACTIONAL STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: UMA D. , BALACHANDAR S. RAJA , VENKATESH S. G. , BALASUBRAMANIAN K. , MASETSHABA MANTEPU TSHEPO
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes the shifted Legendre polynomial approximations-based stochastic operational matrix of integration method to solve persistent processes-based fractional stochastic differential equations. The operational matrix of integration, stochastic operation matrix and fractional stochastic operational matrix of the shifted Legendre polynomials are derived. The stochastic differential equation is transformed into an algebraic system of [Formula: see text] equations by the operational matrices. For the proposed approach, a thorough discussion of the error analysis in [Formula: see text] norm is provided. The proposed method’s applicability, correctness, and accuracy are examined using a few numerical examples. Comparing the numerical examples to the other methods discussed in the literature demonstrates the solution’s effectiveness and attests to the solution’s high quality. The error analysis also reveals the method’s superiority. A more accurate solution is obtained, thus maintaining a minimum error.
SURFACE “CLICK” REACTION BETWEEN ACETYLENE-DECORATED POLYMERIC PLATFORM AND AZIDE-DECORATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: PIDHATIKA BIDHARI , MACGREGOR MELANIE
Published: January 2023

A proof on concept study was conducted in the quest for dual-functional surfaces that provide both biopassivity and bioactivity. It presents the development of a biopassive platform that readily binds to bioactive molecules via copper-catalyzed acetylene-azide cycloaddition reaction. Acetylene-decorated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA) brushes were grafted on an Nb2O5 surface. This biopassive brush platform was then exposed to various azide-decorated compounds of different sizes (molecular weight) and chemical structure, i.e. benzyl, mannose, and antimicrobial peptide (AMP), to react through the cycloaddition reaction. The different nature of the compounds “clicked” to the brushes requires different strategies of characterization. Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) results showed that benzyl-triazole-characteristic fragments were successfully bound to the surface. Fluorescence spectroscopy results indicated that mannose-azide molecules tagged with dye-carrying Concanavalin A (Con-A) could bind to the PMOXA-acetylene brush via specific and, to some extent, nonspecific interactions. Similarly, optical waveguide light-mode spectroscopy (OWLS) and quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) analysis showed a successful reaction between AMP-azide and the PMOXA-acetylene brush platform. Together, these results validated the original approach of generating dual-functional surfaces using a “click” reaction between oxazoline brushes and a variety of ligands relevant to a range of applications.
A Butterfly-Like Connection Proposed for Bridge Pier Composite Protective System against Vessel Collision: Experimental and Numerical Analyses
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Shi K. , Yuan Pei , Yang Bo , Geng Bo , Ma W. R.
Published: January 2023

Reliable connections are crucial for a bridge anti-collision protective system. Thus, this study proposes an innovative butterfly-like connection to tightly connect all segments of the pier composite protective system. The composite protective system is composed of four large segments, made of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) panels, GFRP lattice plates, GFRP octagonal honeycomb tubes, round steel tubes, and polyurethane (PU) foam cores. The segments are jointed as a whole protective system by using eight proposed butterfly-like connections. First, the quasi-static tensile test is carried out to study the tensile strength and failure mechanism of the proposed connection. Then, a numerical model of the connection is established to determine the optimization parameter, and the numerical results are verified by experimental data. The optimal structural parameters for the connection are determined by parameter analysis using numerical results. Finally, a case study of a cable-supported bridge under vessel collision is numerically analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the overall protective performance and the dynamic reliability of the connection. It was found that the dynamic performance of the proposed connection is so reliable that it can ensure the protection system’s excellent performance. Also, the composite protective system can effectively reduce the collision force and the damage to both bridge and vessel.
Shape Memory Alloy-Spring Pendulum for Vibration Suppression of Wind-Induced Transmission Tower-Line Systems
Authors: Zhou Mengyao , Meng Xiangrui , Tian Li , Jin Qingtong , Liu Juncai
Published: January 2023

Wind-induced vibration suppression of transmission line structures is critical for structural reliability and serviceability. In this study, a shape memory alloy-spring pendulum (SMA-SP) is proposed for a wind-induced tower-line system to improve the reliability and serviceability of the control unit. A numerical calculation method of the transmission tower line structure coupled with the SMA-SP is established with special emphasis on the solid elements of the damper. Furthermore, the effectiveness and reliability of vibration suppression on wind-induced transmission line structures are evaluated and parametric analyses are conducted; the results reveal the influences of key parameters on the performance of SMA-SP and provide design recommendations for applications. In this study, it is demonstrated that the SMA-SP provides more stable control effects on the wind-induced vibration of transmission line structures than a conventional spring pendulum (SP), and the proposed numerical method effectively demonstrates the nonlinear mechanism of the damper. The parametric analyses show that SMA-SP exhibits low sensitivity levels to variations in the tuning frequency ratio and achieves optimal reduction effects after satisfying the internal resonance condition.
The classification of non-commutative torsion-free rings of rank two
Authors: Andruszkiewicz Ryszard R.
Published: January 2023

The paper contains the classification of non-commutative torsion-free associative rings of rank two. Furthermore, torsion-free abelian groups of rank two supporting an associative, but not commutative ring structure are classified.
On the investigation of chiral solitons via modified new Kudryashov method
Authors: Ozisik Muslum , Secer Aydin , Bayram Mustafa
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study includes the examination of the cases where the [Formula: see text]-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation also has Bohm potential. This review is not to obtain different soliton solutions for both cases but to obtain a certain type of soliton and to observe the effect of the problem parameters. By using the modified new Kudryashovs scheme. This observation also includes how the soliton behavior is effective by comparing the [Formula: see text]-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation (C-NLSE) and [Formula: see text]-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Bohm potential (C-NLSE-BP), especially by examining the Bohm potential parameter.

Methodology: In order to apply the proposed analytical method which is the modified Kudryasovs scheme (m-NKM), as in many studies, the nonlinear partial ordinary differential equation (NLPDE) is first converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equation form (NLODE) by using wave transform. Then, in order to determine which degree the solution function to be proposed will be, the balancing constant is calculated. The next step is to determine the unknown parameters of the problem by applying the m-NKM on NODE, obtaining solution sets, and combine the solution of the Riccati equation, which is the basis of the method, with the proposed solution function and wave transform. Obtaining the optical solution by providing the main NLPDE is the next step that follows this stage. The final stage is the graphical analysis and interpretation of the parameter effect for both problems using the obtained solution function.

Findings: The examination of the case with and without Bohm potential was carried out on the behavior of the bright soliton shape, which is one of the basic soliton shapes that many effects can be clearly studied on it. It was successfully shown that both equation parameters and the Bohm potential had a significant effect on the soliton behavior, graphical presentations were made and interpreted in detail.

Originality: Such an examination has not been studied before in the literature for the investigated equations.
Energy Basic State Field of the Universe (I)
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Hu Jing , Yang Yuchen
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes the hypothesis that cosmic vacuum is full of energy basic state field (EBSF), and expounds its physical connotation based on cosmological constant of general relativity and Dirac’s negative energy sea. Cosmic vacuum is a special kind of physical object with complexity that can be characterized by quantum super-fluidity; it forms Dark energy in Universe. The rationality and correctness of this hypothesis are demonstrated through the analysis in terms of energy basic distribution on the background of cosmic scale and energy scale, quantum vacuum field, the evolution of EBSF state into static quantum’s state (particles or quasiparticle) and so on. Also it estimates the vacuum energy value in the energy basic state field to the same order of energy as the energy value for driving the accelerated expansion of the universe.
Mid-Ordovician stratigraphy and volcanism in the Hølonda area, Scandinavian Caledonides: complex tectonomagmatic development following arc–continent collision near the Laurentian margin of Iapetus
Authors: Grenne Tor , Gasser Deta , Bøe Reidulv , Corfu Fernando , Skår Øyvind , Slagstad Trond
Published: February 2023

The Hølonda area of the central Scandinavian Caledonides is a key for models of the Caledonian orogen owing to its Ordovician fauna of Laurentian affinity, now stranded on the Baltic side during opening of the North Atlantic. Here, we present a revised stratigraphic and tectonomagmatic model based on remapping, sedimentology, igneous geochemistry, Nd and Sr isotopes and geochronology. The Hølonda Group (
c.
470–461 Ma) reflects a transition from subaerial and shallow-marine deposition on a continental shelf to deeper-water sedimentation along a subsiding slope. Adakitic and mid-ocean ridge basalt type magmatism at
c.
468 Ma was succeeded by benmoreitic–rhyolitic, shoshonitic, calc-alkaline and ultra-alkaline volcanism at
c.
467–465 Ma. The complex magmatism followed arc–continent collision along a microcontinent outboard of Laurentia, associated with subduction polarity flip and slab rollback. This led to rifting and opening of a wide basin and its adjoining shelf on thickened orogenic lithosphere. Associated mantle upwelling and partial melting of depleted and variably metasomatized mantle occurred in a tectonomagmatic setting comparable with that of the central Mediterranean. The Hølonda–Ilfjellet setting is unique along the Caledonian–Appalachian orogen, possibly reflecting interaction with Laurentia-derived continental terranes at the northeastern end of the Taconian–Grampian orogenic tract.

Supplementary material:
Analytical data and supplementary figures are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6368922

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Caledonian Wilson cycle collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/the-caledonian-wilson-cycle
SASA: A Scalable and Automatic Stencil Acceleration Framework for Optimized Hybrid Spatial and Temporal Parallelism on HBM-based FPGAs
Authors: Tian Xingyu , Ye Zhifan , Lu Alec , Guo Licheng , Chi Yuze , Fang Zhenman
Published: January 2023

Stencil computation is one of the fundamental computing patterns in many application domains such as scientific computing and image processing. While there are promising studies that accelerate stencils on FPGAs, there lacks an automated acceleration framework to systematically explore both spatial and temporal parallelisms for iterative stencils that could be either computation-bound or memory-bound. In this article, we present SASA, a scalable and automatic stencil acceleration framework on modern HBM-based FPGAs. SASA takes the high-level stencil DSL and FPGA platform as inputs, automatically exploits the best spatial and temporal parallelism configuration based on our accurate analytical model, and generates the optimized FPGA design with the best parallelism configuration in TAPA high-level synthesis C++ as well as its corresponding host code. Compared to state-of-the-art automatic stencil acceleration framework SODA that only exploits temporal parallelism, SASA achieves an average speedup of 3.41× and up to 15.73× speedup on the HBM-based Xilinx Alveo U280 FPGA board for a wide range of stencil kernels.
HDLRuby: A Ruby Extension for Hardware Description and Its Translation to Synthesizable Verilog HDL
Authors: Gauthier Lovic , Ishikawa Yohei
Published: February 2023

HDLRuby is a new hardware description language defined as an extension of the Ruby programming language aiming to improve circuit design productivity. HDLRuby allows to model digital circuits at the register transfer level while supporting high-level paradigms comprising object-oriented programming, genericity, metaprogramming, and reflection. By construction, HDLRuby can also execute any code in Ruby and supports all of its libraries. Yet, even if high-level features are beneficial for design productivity, such advantages can be negated if the design tools are not efficient enough for producing in reasonable time quality hardware. This article investigates this issue by presenting the techniques used for compiling HDLRuby descriptions and by evaluating their performance. In detail, it explains how the language has been implemented and how it is translated to synthesizable Verilog HDL. Experiments are then presented for confirming the productivity gain of using HDLRuby and for evaluating the performance of the translation, the size of the resulting code, and the time required by a commercially available synthesis tool to produce an FPGA configuration from it. The HDLRuby descriptions used for the experiments include a set of repetitive designs for single construct evaluations and the implementation of generic convolution neural networks for real-life applications. For these evaluations, the translation time proves to be more than 10 times shorter than the synthesis time.
Incentive Mechanism with Task Bundling for Mobile Crowd Sensing
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Zhang Xinglin
Published: February 2023

Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) has become a powerful sensing paradigm that allows requesters to outsource sensing tasks to a crowd of mobile users. Aware of the paramount importance of incentivizing participation for MCS, researchers have proposed various incentive mechanisms. Most mechanisms assume that the MCS platform can collect sufficient budget to recruit users, and hence only focus on incentivizing users. In this work, we consider MCS systems where the budget of a single task is insufficient for user recruitment. Commonly, a task requester with a simple task (e.g., inquiring a photo of a restaurant) only provides a small budget, while a user wants to earn a larger reward for his effort (e.g., traveling a long distance to take a photo).
To address this disparity issue, we propose novel task-bundling-based two-stage incentive mechanisms to incentivize both requesters and users. Specifically, tasks are first clustered as bundles, where the budgets in one bundle are collected through a random partition method. Then, a double auction is conducted, which sorts budgets and bids to maximize matching. Through theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations on synthetic and real-world datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed mechanisms satisfy computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget balance, truthfulness, and constant competitiveness.
Enhancing Recommendation with Search Data in a Causal Learning Manner
Authors: Si Zihua , Sun Zhongxiang , Zhang Xiao , Xu Jun , Song Yang , Zang Xiaoxue , Wen Ji-Rong
Published: February 2023

Recommender systems are currently widely used in various applications helping people filter information. Existing models always embed the rich information for recommendation, such as items, users, and contexts in real-value vectors, and make predictions based on these vectors. In the view of causal inference, the associations between representation vectors and user feedback are inevitably a mixture of the causal part that describes why a user prefers an item, and the non-causal part that merely reflects the statistical dependencies, for example, the display ranking position and sales promotion. However, most recommender systems assume the user-item interactions are only affected by user preferences, neglecting the striking differences between these two associations. To address this problem, we propose a model-agnostic causal learning framework called IV4Rec+ that can effectively decompose the embedding vectors into these two parts. Moreover, two strategies are proposed to utilize search queries as instrumental variables: IV4Rec+(I) only decomposes the item embeddings, while IV4Rec+(UI) decomposes both user and item embeddings. IV4Rec+ is a model-agnostic design that can be applied to many existing recommender systems, e.g., DIN, NRHUB, and SRGNN. Extensive experiments on three datasets show that IV4Rec+ significantly facilitates the performance of recommender systems and outperforms state-of-the-art frameworks.
Clinician-Facing AI in the Wild: Taking Stock of the Sociotechnical Challenges and Opportunities for HCI
Authors: Zając Hubert D. , Li Dana , Dai Xiang , Carlsen Jonathan F. , Kensing Finn , Andersen Tariq O.
Published: January 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical applications holds great promise. However, the use of Machine Learning-based (ML) systems in clinical practice is still minimal. It is uniquely difficult to introduce clinician-facing ML-based systems in practice, which has been recognised in HCI and related fields. Recent publications have begun to address the sociotechnical challenges of designing, developing, and successfully deploying clinician-facing ML-based systems. We conducted a qualitative systematic review and provided answers to the question: “How can HCI researchers and practitioners contribute to the successful realisation of ML in medical practice?” We reviewed 25 eligible papers that investigated the real-world clinical implications of concrete clinician-facing ML-based systems. The main contributions of this systematic review are: (1) an overview of the technical aspects of ML innovation and their consequences for HCI researchers and practitioners; (2) a description of the different roles that ML-based systems can take in clinical settings; (3) a conceptualisation of the main activities of medical ML innovation processes; (4) identification of five sociotechnical interdependencies that emerge from medical ML innovation; and (5) implications for HCI researchers and practitioners on how to mitigate the sociotechnical challenges of medical ML innovation.
Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Vehicle Routing on Graphs of Bounded Treewidth, Bounded Doubling, or Highway Dimension
Authors: Jayaprakash Aditya , Salavatipour Mohammad R.
Published: February 2023

In this article, we present Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) on several classes of graphs. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser in 1959 [
14
], we are given a graph
G=(V,E)
with metric edges costs, a depot
r
∈
V
, and a vehicle of bounded capacity
Q
. The goal is to find a minimum cost collection of tours for the vehicle that returns to the depot, each visiting at most
Q
nodes, such that they cover all the nodes. This generalizes classic TSP and has been studied extensively. In the more general setting, each node
v
has a demand

d
v

and the total demand of each tour must be no more than
Q
. Either the demand of each node must be served by one tour (unsplittable) or can be served by multiple tours (splittable). The best-known approximation algorithm for general graphs has ratio α +2(1-ε) (for the unsplittable) and α +1-ε (for the splittable) for some fixed

\(ε \gt \frac{1}{3000}\)

, where α is the best approximation for TSP. Even for the case of trees, the best approximation ratio is 4/3 [
5
] and it has been an open question if there is an approximation scheme for this simple class of graphs. Das and Mathieu [
15
] presented an approximation scheme with time
n

log
O(1/ε)
n

for Euclidean plane ℝ
2
. No other approximation scheme is known for any other class of metrics (without further restrictions on
Q
). In this article, we make significant progress on this classic problem by presenting Quasi-Polynomial Time Approximation Schemes (QPTAS) for graphs of bounded treewidth, graphs of bounded highway dimensions, and graphs of bounded doubling dimensions. For comparison, our result implies an approximation scheme for the Euclidean plane with run time

n

O(log
6
n/ε
5
)

.
Estimating Software Functional Size via Machine Learning
Authors: Lavazza Luigi , Locoro Angela , Liu Geng , Meli Roberto
Published: January 2023

Measuring software functional size via standard Function Points Analysis (FPA) requires the availability of fully specified requirements and specific competencies. Most of the time, the need to measure software functional size occurs well in advance with respect to these ideal conditions, under the lack of complete information or skilled experts. To work around the constraints of the official measurement process, several estimation methods for FPA have been proposed and are commonly used. Among these, the International Function Points User Group (IFPUG) has adopted the “High-level FPA” method (also known as the NESMA method). This method avoids weighting each data and transaction function by using fixed weights instead. Applying High-level FPA, or similar estimation methods, is faster and easier than carrying out the official measurement process but inevitably yields an approximation in the measures. In this article, we contribute to the problem of estimating software functional size measures by using machine learning. To the best of our knowledge, machine learning methods were never applied to the early estimation of software functional size. Our goal is to understand whether machine learning techniques yield estimates of FPA measures that are more accurate than those obtained with High-level FPA or similar methods. An empirical study on a large dataset of functional size predictors was carried out to train and test three of the most popular and robust machine learning methods, namely Random Forests, Support Vector Regression , and Neural Networks. A systematic experimental phase, with cycles of dataset filtering and splitting, parameter tuning, and model training and validation, is presented. The estimation accuracy of the obtained models was then evaluated and compared to that of fixed-weight models (e.g., High-level FPA) and linear regression models, also using a second dataset as the test set. We found that Support Vector Regression yields quite accurate estimation models. However, the obtained level of accuracy does not appear significantly better with respect to High-level FPA or to models built via ordinary least squares regression. Noticeably, fairly good accuracy levels were obtained by models that do not even require discerning among different types of transactions and data.
ACM SIG IR Annual Business Meeting 2022
Authors: Dietz Laura
Published: January 2023

The 2022 ACM SIG IR Annual Business Meeting took place as a hybrid event during the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval in Madrid, Spain on July 14, 2022. The business meeting was led by the chair of the SIG IR Executive Committee (EC), Vanessa Murdock.