bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Solid Medical Waste Management in Bogor Regional Public Hospitals
Authors: Khansa Silvia , Kusumayati Agustin , Susanna Dewi , Sinaga Uli Tiarma
Published: December 2023

Healthcare facilities generate medical waste. If not properly managed, medical waste can damage the environment and spread diseases. Many hospitals in Indonesia do not adhere to medical waste management regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the management of solid medical waste at four public hospitals in Bogor District, Indonesia. A case study design was used to obtain a comprehensive description of the solid medical waste management activities in the hospitals. Data were collected through direct observations, interviews, and document reviews. This study revealed that the medical waste generated in all hospitals was infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cytotoxic, totaling approximately 4,000-12,000 kg. Hospitals A, B, C, and D fulfilled the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P56 of 2015 criteria, achieving compliance rates of 77%, 83.78%, 83.3%, and 86.48%, respectively. However, several activities of the hospitals did not meet the standards for waste reduction, segregation, on-site transport, temporary storage, and human resource quality. It is important that hospitals establish comprehensive and compliant medical waste management systems.
Ciência cidadã
Authors: Araujo Anderson , Moreyra Ana
Published: December 2023

Nos últimos anos a ciência tornou-se presente de inúmeras formas na sociedade, salientando-se, na saúde, tecnologias e meio ambiente. Deste modo, surgiu a necessidade do estreitamento das relações entre cientistas e a população. A ciência cidadã atua como ferramentas que possibilita a participação da sociedade em pesquisas científicas. Na área da Ecologia, esta abordagem permite a Educação Ambiental (EA), melhorando a compreensão do público-alvo sobre a necessidade da conservação da natureza. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a implementação de uma ação de ciência cidadã como ferramenta de EA em Ecologia Aquática de igarapés urbanos aos alunos voluntários das Escolas Municipais de Ensino Infantil e Fundamental Rui Barbosa e Maria Luiza da Silva Holanda. Para isso, foram utilizadas como metodologia de ensino a análise da qualidade microbiológica e fisco química da água, uso de bioindicadores (macroinvertebrados aquáticos) e avaliação visual das condições ecológicas em dois trechos do Igarapé Panelas por meio de Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida (PAR). A metodologia empregada foi eficiente para levar conhecimentos sobre Ecologia de igarapés urbanos aos alunos, que puderam avaliar a integridade ecológica do Igarapé Panelas (boa e ótima), distinguir suas fontes de poluição, identificar técnicas de avaliação da qualidade da água, além da, importância de conservação dos igarapés urbanos.  A ação de ciência cidadã surtiu excelentes efeitos sobre a assimilação dos conhecimentos repassados que contribuirão na formação dos discentes voluntários como cidadãos.
Common Ground: The Unique Synergy Between the Oil Field and Aerospace
Authors: Wright Blake
Published: December 2023

Though disparate locations, outer space and the oil field have much more in common than one might think. Both can be taxing on operations and often redefine the idea of an isolated and, at times, hostile work environment. Harsh atmospheric conditions and wide-ranging pressure regimes call for unique technological applications and operations to achieve the best performance and results, whether it’s the gravitational and meteorological challenges of another planet or the crushing pressures and changing meta-ocean conditions of the deep offshore.

Despite the obvious differences, operating in both the terran oil field and the blackness of space offer hurdles that can be cleared by similar means. Shared technologies between the two industries have been around for decades and center around disciplines like automation, robotics, and remote sensing.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) itself has dabbled in oilfield studies, especially when it comes to greenhouse gas emissions and their impact on the atmosphere. In 2021, the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, along with the University of Arizona and Arizona State University, completed a study to identify methane super-emitters in the Permian Basin.

The month-long, airborne study concluded that fixing the worst leaks identified in the area’s infrastructure could cut methane emissions by 55 tons an hour, equivalent to 5.5% of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s estimates of all methane emissions from hydrocarbon production across the entire US. The study pointed to malfunctioning equipment as the likely culprit for the 123 sources found.

Conversely, NASA has also tapped into oilfield technology for some of its planned drilling operations on the moon. It will be the first such operation on any planetary body outside of the Earth. One of the earliest directives of NASA’s Artemis program is to try and find water near the lunar South Pole.

Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment-1 (PRIME-1) will be the first in-situ resource utilization demonstration on the moon. For the first time, NASA will robotically sample and analyze for ice from below the surface. PRIME-1 will use TRIDENT (The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrain) to drill in a single location at a site with a high likelihood of having water, whether in liquid or ice form.

TRIDENT was developed and supplied by Honeybee Robotics, which also supplies geotechnical tools and sensors, among other tech, to the oil patch.

The system, to be integrated into VIPER, NASA’s first robotic moon rover, will drill about a meter below the surface, each time bringing up samples that NASA will analyze with a mass spectrometer.

The launch of the NOVA-C, which carries the PRIME-1, was previously delayed. At press time, the payload was due to blast off on board Space X’s Falcon 9 rocket in early 2024. NASA said in October the VIPER will reach its destination at Mons Mouton near the lunar South Pole in November 2024.
Determining population structure from k-mer frequencies.
Authors: Hrytsenko Yana , Daniels Noah M. , Schwartz Rachel S.
Published: December 2023

Background:
Understanding population structure within species provides information on connections among different populations and how they evolve over time. This knowledge is important for studies ranging from evolutionary biology to large-scale variant-trait association studies. Current approaches to determining population structure include model-based approaches, statistical approaches, and distance-based ancestry inference approaches. In this work, we identify population structure from DNA sequence data using an alignment-free approach. We use the frequencies of short DNA substrings from across the genome (k-mers) with principal component analysis (PCA). K-mer frequencies can be viewed as a summary statistic of a genome and have the advantage of being easily derived from a genome by counting the number of times a k-mer occurred in a sequence. In contrast, most population structure work employing PCA uses multilocus genotype data (SNPs, microsatellites, or haplotypes). No genetic assumptions must be met to generate k-mers, whereas current population structure approaches often depend on several genetic assumptions and can require careful selection of ancestry informative markers to identify populations.
Results:
In this work, we show that PCA is able to determine population structure just from the frequency of k-mers found in the genome. The application of PCA and a clustering algorithm to k-mer profiles of genomes provides an easy approach to detecting the number and composition of populations (clusters) present in the dataset. The results are comparable to those found by a model-based approach using genetic markers. We validate our method using 48 human genomes from populations identified by the 1000 Human Genomes Project, as well as simulations.
Conclusions:
This study shows that PCA, together with the clustering algorithm, is able to detect population structure from k-mer frequencies and can separate samples of admixed and non-admixed origin. Using k-mer frequencies to determine population structure has the potential to avoid some challenges of existing methods.
Remote Sensing Images based Road Network Extraction using Deep Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Palvi , kumar rakesh , Gupta Meenu
Published: December 2023

Automatic extraction of roads based on data-driven methods is essential for various aspects such as route optimization, traffic management, GPS navigation, disaster management, defense, and security intelligence, etc. Due to the occlusion of trees, vehicles, buildings, etc., it is challenging. A systematic review is proposed in this study to overcome the challenges. More than 214 articles from 2018–2022 are collected using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines from different databases (i.e., Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), IEEE Explorer), and 44 are reviewed. The article selection process is based on keywords like "Deep Learning (DL)," "Road Extraction," "High- Resolution Remote Sensing Images (HRRSI)," etc. The different datasets used by the researchers are also discussed in this study, along with the type of sensors and satellites used to collect HRRSI images. This study aims to provide a proposed solution to the investigations retrieved from the previous research work. After analysis, it is concluded that the factors retrieved from this rigorous analysis can be considered to propose a novel model that can resolve the issue of accurate extraction of roads.
Numerical Study of Spark Plug Electrode Gap Influence of in-cylinder Ethanol Flame Propagation
Authors: Martins Fernanda Pinheiro , TeixeiraLacava Pedro
Published: December 2023

Within the current restringing emissions regulations the trends for renewable fuel adoption, such as ethanol, have grown in the automotive industry. Besides the benefits when used as the single fuel, ethanol can also leverage the advantages in the context of hybrid vehicles by replacing the petroleum derived fuels in such configuration. In this scenario, the optimization of combustion events in internal combustion engines is paramount to not only promote high performance, but also support fuel economy. Factors such as the combustion chamber design, the positioning of the spark plug and the injector are crucial to support a successful flame propagation, avoiding misfires and decreasing knock propensity. In addition, wearing of those parts can jeopardize the occurrence of reliable and stable combustion events leading to poor emission performance, high fuel consumption and potential hardware damages due to occurrence of knocking events. This research aims to numerically analyze the effects of different spark plug electrode gaps in engine-like conditions by applying STAR-CD, a computational fluid dynamics commercial software, to mimic different configurations and operational conditions. The validation and tuning of the numerical models are conducted based on experimental tests performed in an optically accessible direct injection spark ignition engine, operating with two ethanol-based fuels, E96W4 and E100. Thermodynamic data was simultaneously acquired and correlated with the digital UV-visible images in cycle-resolved basis. The numerical models adopted consist of 3-Zones Extended Coherent Flame and Imposed Stretch Spark Ignition Models, applied for the modeling of the combustion and the spark plug respectively.
Friction Performance of Typical Spiral Groove End Face with Dry Gas Sealing Rings
Authors: chen delin , Chen Jinxin , Wang Qing , Ding Xuexing
Published: December 2023

The friction performances of the end face in dry gas seals with spiral grooves were investigated. In the meantime, the influence of the spiral groove structural parameters on friction performance was revealed under dry frictional conditions. Hard-hard friction pairs consisting of SiC end faces with spiral grooves and DLC (Diamond like Carbon) micro-textured sealing ring end faces were chosen as the research subjects. Dry friction tests were conducted using a HDM20 end face friction and wear testing machine on spiral groove dry gas sealing rings with spiral angles of 16° and 18°. By analyzing the variations in friction temperature and friction coefficient, the friction mechanisms of the sealing rings and the impact of the spiral angle on end face friction performance were examined. The results proposed that the 18° spiral groove end face exhibits slightly lower friction temperature and friction coefficient compared to the 16° spiral groove end face, indicating a more pronounced reduction in wear and smoother operation of the friction pair. The findings of this study provide a basis for understanding the frictional characteristics of sealing ring end faces and optimizing groove structures.
Recent intensification of the negative physiological effect of CO2 on terrestrial evaporation
Authors: Wang Weiguang , Qian Haiyang , Chen Zefeng , Koppa Akash , Liu Guoshuai , Miralles Diego
Published: December 2023

The net physiological effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (aCO2) on terrestrial evaporation (ET) is highly uncertain. While increased CO2 fertilization elevates ET through more biomass production, the reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) that it downregulates ET. Here, using satellite-based estimates of ET and dynamic vegetation models, we investigate the physiological influence of aCO2 on ET, and isolate the respective contribution of biomass increase and gs reduction. Our results indicate that the CO2 fertilization had a net negative effect of –4.4±0.3×10–2 mm ppm–1 on ET over 1982–2018. The negative physiological effect tends to intensify with increasing aCO2, particularly in warm and humid forests. The high sensitivity of ET to gs may attenuate the expected water cycle acceleration over land, although the future evolution of these two competing physiological processes remains uncertain.
Lung involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: de Souza Silvana Magalhães Passos , Alves Tatiana Senna Galvão Nonato , Silva Ana Flávia , de Oliveira Isabela Silva , Laporte Larrie , Nogueira Carla , Ferreira Lucas Guimarães Andrade , Santiago Mittermayer
Published: December 2023

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily characterized by joint pain and swelling. However, it can also affect various organs, including the heart, nervous system, eyes, and lungs. Pulmonary involvement is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in RA patients, encompassing a spectrum of manifestations such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), bronchiectasis, pleural involvement, and more. ILD can progress to pulmonary fibrosis, impacting the overall prognosis of RA.
Methods
It is a prospective, analytical, and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between September 2019 and September 2022 involving RA patients diagnosed according to the 2010 classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR). Structured interviews collected demographic and clinical data, while laboratory tests, HRCT scans, and pulmonary function tests were performed. Disease activity was assessed using DAS-28 and SDAI.
Results
A total of 203 patients were included, predominantly female (88%), with a mean age of 57.14 years. Most patients were non-smokers (74.9%) and exhibited moderate disease activity (35% by DAS-28, 41.1% by SDAI). Nearly half of the sample had antibodies, with 47.5% positive for RF and 48.5% for Anti-CCP. HRCT revealed abnormalities in 89.6% of patients, with ILD present in 17% and pulmonary fibrosis in 6.5%. RF was associated with ILD and small airway involvement, while male gender correlated with emphysema and small airway involvement.
Conclusions
Pulmonary involvement, assessed via HRCT, was highly prevalent in RA patients, even those without respiratory symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of early pulmonary evaluation during RA, as well as the need for monitoring and managing pulmonary manifestations, particularly in patients with specific risk factors such as male gender, advanced age, and positive antibodies.
Preliminary purification and partial characterization of a functional bacteriocin of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Zhang and mining for its gene cluster
Authors: Huang Tian , Li Zhaojie , Qu Xinan , Yao Guoqiang , Kwok Lai-Yu , He Qiuwen , Zhang Heping
Published: December 2023

Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have good potential for use as food biopreservatives. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Zhang (L. paracasei Zhang) is both a food use and a probiotic bacterium. This study aimed to purify and preliminary characterize the active antibacterial metabolite of L. paracasei Zhang. The cell free supernatant of L. paracasei Zhang was collected and purified by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography. The 1–3 kDa active fraction could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but not Escherichia coli. Further antibacterial activity assays revealed its capacity in suppressing various foodborne and human opportunistic pathogens (including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus), but not fungi. The antibacterial activity showed good tolerance to heat (40℃ to 100℃), acid-base (pH 2–3 and pH 6–10), and digestions by a number of industrial and animal/human enzymes (such as trypsin, pepsin, α-amylase and protease K, except papain); these desired properties make it a suitable biopreservative to be used in harsh and complex industrial production processes. The high papain sensitivity suggested a proteinaceous/peptide nature of the bioactivity. Moreover, our genomic data mining for bacteriocin through BAGEL4 revealed an area of interest encoding a complete set of putative genes required for bacteriocin production. In conclusion, our study showed that L. paracasei Zhang can produce extracellular functional antibacterial metabolite, likely a class II bacteriocin. Our preliminary extraction and characterization of the bioactivity demonstrated that it has good potential to be used as biopreservative or agent for suppressing gastrointestinal infections.
Feasibility Study of 'Triple-Low' Technique for Coronary Artery Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA)
Authors: Wang Shaochuan , Sun Zhengwen , Zeng Yihong , Xu Xinyu , Wang Yan , Liu Xueqin , Yang Yonggui
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of employing the 'Triple-Low' technique (low injection rate, low iodine contrast dose, and low radiation dose) in performing Coronary Artery Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA).
Methods: A total of 60 patients who underwent CCTA examinations at our institution from 2021 to 2023 were consecutively enrolled and divided into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The experimental group received injections at rates of 3.5-4.0 ml/s, iodine contrast doses of 35-40 ml, and tube voltages of 100 KV and 120 KV, using a high-concentration non-ionic water-soluble contrast agent, iopamidol (400 mgI/100 ml). Both groups had heart rates ≤70 beats/min and performed breath-holding scans. The study compared the CT values of the left anterior descending branch(LAD), left circumflex branch(LCX), and right coronary artery(RCA), as well as the aortic CT value, background noise, signal-to-noise ratio, volume CT dose index, dose-length product, effective radiation dose, and total iodine dose between the two groups.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in image quality between the experimental and control groups (p>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the CT values of the left anterior descending branch, left circumflex branch, right coronary artery, aortic CT value, background noise, signal-to-noise ratio, volume CT dose index, dose-length product, effective radiation dose, and total iodine dose between the two groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Utilizing the 'Triple-Low' technique in CCTA imaging can effectively reduce the occurrence of contrast agent extravasation due to high injection rates, prevent contrast-induced nephropathy resulting from excessive iodine contrast intake, and reduce the radiation dose to patients. Therefore, this approach is highly feasible and worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Research on the dynamic development of Bed-Separations under Key Strata and ground subsidence based on large-deflection inclined thin-plate model
Authors: LI Ya-xing , YANG Ke-ming , LI Pei-xian , TANG Wei
Published: December 2023

Coal mining under the Quaternary thick loose layer makes unique patterns of rock destruction. These patterns directly affect direct and main roof breakage, key strata flexural breakage, Bed-Separations development, ground subsidence, and other studies. In this paper, we developed an approach to solving the deflection of thin plates with additional lateral load and mid-plane force. The dynamic mechanical model of key strata deflection caused by dip coal seams with a thick loose layer is also established. The methods presented are based on the principle of large-deflection of thin-plate, energy method, and fracture mechanics theory. The 7225 work face in Anhui Province, China, was studied. The key strata deflection parameters in the study area were obtained, including 1) the initial and periodic incoming pressure steps of the roof, 2) the height of the caved zone, fractured zone, and continuous bending zone, and 3) the development of height and volume of Bed-Separations. The ground subsidence pattern was revealed as well. The dynamic development of the principal key strata (PKS) calculated by the proposed model is verified with the 3DEC numerical simulation. Meanwhile, 16 Sentinel 1-A images covering the mining period were collected, and the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique was applied to monitor the mining subsidence. It is also cross-validated with the model-calculated subsidence and field measurements. The results showed that the proposed model could contribute to the quantitative analysis of key strata deflection breakage, Bed-Separations development, and ground subsidence caused by excavating inclined coal seams when a thick loose layer covers.
Optical Applications of Europium ion doped Silicate Glasses: W-LED
Authors: Teja V Ravi , Sreeniva M. , Chavan Vijaya Kumar
Published: December 2023

Europium ion doped silicate glasses are prepared by melt quench method with a novel composition for white Light Emitting Diode (LED). The investigating sample is havig high density and refractive index which is useful for optical applications. The hryby criteria value of these glass material is high and having high thermal stability. These glasses are assigned to Si-O- Eu and Si-O-Si stretch and bending bonds are forms with respect to their frequencies. High intensity absorption peaks are observed at 377 and 609 nm, The direct and indirect energy band gap values are decreasing as the europium ion concentration increases. The Judd – Oflelt parameters are calculated by using emission spectra of prepared glass sample. Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6 are the intensity parameters of Europium ion-doped Silicate glasses. Since the parameter Ω2 directly relates to the asymmetry of the local environment around the trivalent rare earth ions (Eu3+), it indicates the covalent nature between Europium ions and legand anaions. . The CIE plot shows that the prepared 5 glass sample SiEu 1 to SiEu 5 emits white light at an excitation wavelength of 377 nm; these glare are utilised for white LEDs. europium-doped silicate glasses play a crucial role in LED technology by enhancing the color quality, efficiency, and versatility of LED lighting for a wide range of applications, from general lighting to displays and more. Their ability to convert high-energy light into visible light with specific colors makes them valuable components in the world of LED technology.
Ring-like extreme wave of a (3+1)-dimensional partially nonlocal NLS system with the linear and parabolic potential
Authors: Li Jitao , Zhu Yu , Yang Jing , Zhang Yutong , Qin Wei
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to study extreme waves localized in (3+1)-dimensional space based on a (3+1)-dimensional nonautonomous partially nonlocal NLS system under the parabolic potential, which is simplified into a (2+1)-dimensional autonomous equation via a converting formula. Based on solutions of autonomous NLS system, ring-like extreme wave approximate solution is found. Characteristics and evolution of ring-like extreme wave are explored in an exponential system. With the adding parameter q, along the z-axis, the increasing layers of ring-like extreme wave is q + 1. Moreover, for fixed parameter w, the parameter R decides the radius of first-order and second-order ring-like extreme waves. For fixed parameter R, the parameter w determines the thickness of first-order and second-order ring-like extreme waves.
Pediatricians’ perspectives on introducing transitional care into handover between pediatric intensive care units and general wards
Authors: Ji JIANLIN , Yang Liling , Yang Hanlin , Zeng Chengxi , Tang Wenjuan , Lu Qunfeng
Published: December 2023

Background
In contemporary medicine, the transfer of critically ill children from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to the general ward is a routine practice. Nevertheless, the lack of a standardized transition process and corresponding transitional care curriculum has led to several adverse outcomes. Despite the availability of a considerable number of studies on transitional care, few qualitative studies have synthesized physicians' perspectives on PICU-to-ward transition to develop a comprehensive transitional care curriculum. The aim of this study is to explore physicians' perceptions and management of the transition of critically ill children from the PICU to the general ward, with the aim of providing an evidence-based curriculum.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted between July and August 2022. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 11 participants, and data analysis was carried out using NVivo 12.0 software through thematic analysis method.
Results
Based on the data analysis, three main themes were identified: recognition of professional roles during transition, difficulties during implementation transitional care and suggestions for improving transitional care.
Conclusions
The insights of doctors can be valuable in improving transitional care for critically ill children during PICU-to-Ward transition and in developing relevant curricula. It is essential to introduce standardized clinical pathways and strengthen curricula on critical elements, including communication and follow-up.
Binucleated lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear associated with poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhong Miao , Chen Lvwen , Liu Hailing , Wang Hui , Zhang Jianfu , Wu Yujie , Qiao Chun , Chou Hairong , Yang Hui , Li Jianyong , Fan Lei , Wang Rong
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoproliferative disease involving B cells, and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is regarded as the solid tumor counterpart of CLL. Both of them share the same morphology, which appear as small, mature-appearing lymphocytes with a scanty amount of cytoplasm and a clumped nuclear chromatin. While some cases have reported the presence of binucleated lymphocytes on peripheral blood smears of a small part of CLL patients. However, the prognostic value of this atypical morphologyin CLL patients has not been well acknowledged.
Method: We retrospectively reviewed 325 newly diagnosed CLL/SLL patients. Blood smears were performed by Wright-Giemsa stain and used for morphometric assessment. Cytogenetic aberrations were assessed by chromosome banding analysis. Genetic characterization was analyzed by direct Sanger sequencingor FISH.
Result: Binucleated lymphocytes observed on peripheral blood smear presented with two similar size and relatively symmetrical nuclei, but varied in size and forms. 308 patients (94.8%) were defined as binucleated lymphocytes negative (BLN) and 17 patients (5.2%) as binucleated lymphocytes positive (BLP). In particular, multinucleated lymphocytes were found in 2 cases. Binucleated lymphocytes were highly correlated with prolymphocytes and dividing lymphocytes. BLP had a higher proportion of complex karyotypes, unmutated IGHV, TP53 mutation or depletion, and a lower proportion of 13q deletion. In addition, there was a significant association between the presence of binucleated lymphocytes and overall survival. In cases withmutated IGHV or without TP53 mutation or deletion, overall survival of BLP was significantly shorter.
Conclusion: The observation of binucleated lymphocytes should be considered as a negative prognostic parameter for CLL, especially in lower genetic-risk CLL population. The morphological examination of blood smear in CLL is still worthy, for its advantages of saving of time, laboratory technique, and simplicity and convenience.
The Temporal Relationship between Social Adaptation and Depression: The Moderating Role of Social Isolation
Authors: Li Xiaowen , He Yuanqing , Zhang Jun , Chen Shuhu
Published: December 2023

Background Social Adaptation(SA) and Depression significantly challenge the elderly's psychological health. The complex interplay between these conditions, particularly in the context of varying different levels of social isolation(SI), is not well-understood.
Methods In this study, we utilized the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) database to classify participants into groups of low and high SI, based on their scores. Network analysis was used to examine the relationships between symptoms of SA and Depression at two distinct time points across different levels of SI. We then applied Cross-Lagged Panel Network (CLPN) analysis to assess the longitudinal causal relationships between these symptoms, focusing on the moderating role of SI.
Results Our findings reveal that, compared to the Low-SI group, the High-SI group exhibits more intricate relationships between social adaptation and depression, indicating a significant modulatory effect of SI on these correlations. Key symptoms identified as bridge items in the networks of SA and Depression include "Not accepting new ideas," "Do something more," and "Sad." In the cross-lagged analysis, "Loss of appetite" showed the greatest impact in the Low-SI group, while "Good mood" was predominant in the High-SI group.
Conclusions This research provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of interaction between SA and Depression, underscoring SI pivotal role in this dynamic.
Reexplain the Liquid Junction Potential according to the force equilibrium of ions
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Wang Yang , Yang Junyi , Wang Kaiyang , Shi Shuaian , Liu Yun
Published: December 2023

Liquid junction potential (LJP) is an important term in electrochemical system. As known, LJP is caused by the different diffusion ration of cations and anions. We found that in most textbooks and literatures, the value of LJP was expressed as a function of ions transfer numbers, rather than diffusion coefficients. This makes students feel confused. In the present work, based on the force equilibrium of ions at the liquid-liquid interface, an equation including the diffusion coefficient is given to highlight the physical cause of LJP.
HMGN1 is a potential chemotherapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Wu Xianli , Cai Geqi , Feng Jing , Lin Wenchu
Published: December 2023

The high mobility group nucleosome binding (HMGN) family, constitutes a large family of non-histone protein family known to bind the acidic patch of the nucleosomes with various key cellular functions. Several studies have highlighted the pivotal roles of HMGNs in the pathogenic process of various cancer types. However, the roles of HMGN family in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been fully elucidated. Herein, integrative analyses of multiple-omics data revealed that HMGNs frequently exhibit dysregulation in LUAD. Subsequent analysis of the clinical relevance of HMGN1 demonstrated its association with poor prognosis in LUAD and its potential as a diagnostic marker to differentiate LUAD from heathy controls. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis suggested that HMGN1 was mainly involved in DNA repair. To corroborate these findings, cellular experiments were conducted, confirming HMGN1’s crucial involvement in homologous recombination repair and its potential to enhance the sensitivity of LUAD cells to standard chemotherapeutic drugs. This study proposes HMGN1 as a novel prognostic biomarker and a promising target for chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
Effect of Cervical Paraesophageal Lymph Node Metastasis Versus Supraclavicular Lymph Node Metastasis on the Overall Survival of Patients with Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Long-term Survival Analysis
Authors: Li Kexun , Li Changding , Lu Simiao , Wang Chenghao , Han Yongtao , Leng Xuefeng , Peng Lin
Published: December 2023

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a major global health burden, with a particularly high incidence in East Asia. Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis(LNM) has notable effects on the overall survival (OS) of patients with EC after esophagectomy. We aimed to investigate the effect of LNM in cervical paraesophageal lymph nodes (station 101) and supraclavicular lymph nodes (station 104) on the OS of patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Methods: Data were obtained from the Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Esophageal Cancer Case Management (SCH-ECCM) database. We retrospectively analyzed the patients with EC who underwent esophagectomy from January 2010 to December 2017. These patients were allocated into two groups based on the presence of LNM in the cervical paraesophageal or supraclavicular regions. Clinical outcomes and survival data were compared using the TNM staging system of the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC).
Results: After a median follow-up of 62.1 months, 122 patients with LNM in the supraclavicular region were included in the study. Among these patients, 53 showed cervical paraesophageal LNM and an OS of 19.9 months (95% CI: 16.3-23.5). In contrast, 69 patients showed supraclavicular LNM with an OS of 34.9 months (95% CI 25.7-44.1). The OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 77%, 29%, and 21%, respectively, for patients with cervical paraesophageal LNM. Moreover, patients with supraclavicular LNM demonstrated OS rates of 88%, 48%, and 34%, respectively (HR: 0.634, 95% CI: 0.402-1.000, P = 0.042).
Conclusions: Patients with ESCC with cervical paraesophageal LNM had significantly worse OS than those with supraclavicular LNM. This study underscores the importance of accurately identifying and managing ESCC with cervical paraesophageal LNM, as it may require more tailored and aggressive treatment strategies to prolong patient survival.
Selection of families obtained from caryopsis in a polyploid species (Saccharum spp.) using multicategory model
Authors: Borsuk Luiz Gustavo da Mata , Montini Leticia Martins , Neto Hugo Zeni , Machado Maria de Fátima pires da Silva , Mangolin Claudete Aparecida , Cristina Joseli Silva , Santos Renato Frederico
Published: December 2023

Genetic diversity analysis is essential for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding programs. Crossbreeding based on genetic distances between the parental plants is one of the tools to increase genetic variability and enhance plant selection. The present study aimed to evaluate diversity within and between twelve families (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L) of sugarcane, derived from caryopses, using primers for sixteen microsatellite loci, five SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) loci, and eleven EST-SSR (Expressed Sequence Tag-SSR) loci. Similarity calculations used the Bruvo`s distances among individuals and RST distances among families. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the majority of genetic variability is within families (72%), with only 28% found between families. The highest genetic similarity was observed between families E and I, while the lowest genetic similarity was between families K and D. Despite the high genetic similarity observed among the twelve sugarcane families in this study, the percentage of genetic variation within families in the 16 SSR and EST-SSR loci was high (72%), showing promise for exploitation in breeding programs to expand or restrict genetic variability in the selection of desirable morpho-agronomic traits in the crop. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of using appropriate distances for diversity studies with co-dominant markers such as microsatellites in polyploid species.
A Note on Two of Ramanujan's Mock Theta Functions
Authors: McIntosh Richard John
Published: December 2023

In the “Lost” Notebook Ramanujan defined two mock theta functions (which we denote by φR and ξR) and gave relations connecting them to some of the sixth-order mock theta functions. It turns out that these mock theta functions are related to each other by modular transformation. Their transformation formulas are similar to the transformation formulas for the second-order mock theta functions, and involve the same Mordell integrals. We prove several relations involving φR and ξR, and some relations connecting them to some of the second-order mock theta functions. Some alternate formulas for the second-order mock theta function µ are given.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary – 11F27, 11F37, 11F50
Gradient Deformation Criterion of Brittle Fracture. Analytical Grounds and Experimental Confirmation
Authors: Kuliev Valeh Dzhafarovich , Morozov Evgeny Mikhailovich , Kurbanmagomedov Arslan Kurbanmagomedovich
Published: December 2023

In the article [1], we propose a new fracture criterion based on the assumption that brittle fracture occurs when the deformation gradient modulus reaches a limit value. We consider in more detail the fact that the modulus of the temperature gradient, and, consequently, that of the deformation, becomes significant in a thin boundary layer where a quick temperature change occurs. We also present the solution of a new thermoelastic problem of a quick temperature change in a circular area. As it turned out, in the case of a curved boundary of the cooled area E2, where E2 is the Euclidean plane, the fracture criterion becomes complicated and gets a form of a limit value of the gradient modulus of the main deformations sum or just of the main stresses sum. Destruction is determined by the criterion the time of which setting in is less. It is also shown in the aticle that in the case of a heated circular area in E2 the criterion for brittle fracture of a continuum medium is the limit value of the gradient modulus of the main deformations sum. The results of the preliminary experiment with organic glass samples during a quick temperature change in the area with a rectilinear boundary are presented. During the experiment, there appeared a crack along the boundary of the temperature leap, although the stresses across this boundary are equal to zero, but there is a significant deformation gradient.
Establishment of a synchronized tyrosinase transport system revealed a role of Tyrp1 in efficient melanogenesis by promoting tyrosinase targeting to melanosomes
Authors: Nakamura Hikari , Fukuda Mitsunori
Published: December 2023

Tyrosinase (Tyr) is a key enzyme in the process of melanin synthesis that occurs exclusively within specialized organelles called melanosomes in melanocytes. Tyr is synthesized and post-translationally modified independently of the formation of melanosome precursors and then transported to immature melanosomes by a series of membrane trafficking events that includes endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport, post-Golgi trafficking, and endosomal transport. Although several important regulators of Tyr transport have been identified, their precise role in each Tyr transport event is not fully understood, because Tyr is present in several melanocyte organelles under steady-state conditions, thereby precluding the possibility of determining where Tyr is being transported at any given moment. In this study, we established a novel synchronized Tyr transport system in Tyr-knockout B16-F1 cells by using Tyr tagged with an artificial oligomerization domain FM4 (named Tyr-EGFP-FM4). Tyr-EGFP-FM4 was initially trapped at the ER under oligomerized conditions, but at 30 min after chemical dissociation into monomers, it was transported to the Golgi and at 9 h reached immature melanosomes. Melanin was then detected at 12 h after the ER exit of Tyr-EGFP-FM4. By using this synchronized Tyr transport system, we were able to demonstrate that Tyr-related protein 1 (Tyrp1), another melanogenic enzyme, is a positive regulator of efficient Tyr targeting to immature melanosomes. Thus, the synchronized Tyr transport system should serve as a useful tool for analyzing the molecular mechanism of each Tyr transport event in melanocytes as well as in the search for new drugs or cosmetics that artificially regulate Tyr transport.
The CCL2-CCR2 axis contributes to acquired osimertinib resistance in lung cancer by upregulating Zeb1 expression
Authors: Chang Tzu-Hua , Tsai Meng-Feng , Wu Shang-Gin , Liu Yi-Nan , Wu Huey-Dong , Tsai Tzu-Hsiu , Lu Pei-Hua , Jheng Han-Nian , Hsu Chia-Lang , Yeh Pu Sheng , Shih Jin-Yuan
Published: December 2023

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), effectively treats non-small-cell lung cancer patients with EGFR activation mutations or those with acquired T790M resistance mutation following EGFR-TKIs therapy. However, the development of drug resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Therefore, we aimed to investigate novel cytokine signaling pathways contributing to osimertinib resistance in lung cancer. Our findings revealed that the CCL2-CCR2 signaling pathway is pivotal in osimertinib resistance development. We observed elevated CCL2 expression in EGFR TKIs-resistant lung cancer cells compared to treatment-naive EGFR mutant cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CCL2 in osimertinib-sensitive lung cancer cells conferred resistance to osimertinib in vitro and in vivo. CCL2 knockdown improved osimertinib-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Osimertinib-resistant cells exhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes. We demonstrated that CCL2 primarily confers osimertinib resistance through CCR2, STAT3, and ERK, upregulating Zeb1 expression. Finally, combining a STAT3 inhibitor with osimertinib overcoming resistance in vivo. In conclusion, CCL2 significantly contributes to acquired osimertinib resistance in lung cancer. Targeting the CCL2-CCR2-STAT3/ERK-Zeb1 signaling pathway holds therapeutic potential for overcoming osimertinib resistance and improving treatment outcomes.
Analytical Determination of Nusselt Numbers for Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients in Macroporous Absorbers of High-Temperature Solar Receivers
Authors: Cheilytko Andrii , Schwarzbözl Peter , Broeske Robin Tim
Published: December 2023

The article presents a new analytical equation for calculating the Nu number in a macroporous structure of channel absorbers for high- temperature solar receivers. This equation is characterized by including the processes of heat and mass transfer in the boundary layers when the flow passes through a macroporous absorber channel of complex shape. The necessity of considering the length of the thermodynamic boundary layer in a macroporous medium of channel type, when calculating the heat transfer coefficient according to the Nusselt equation, is shown. Including the proposed indicators of porosity and flow characteristics in a macroporous channel significantly increases the accuracy of calculations of the heat transfer coefficient for macroporous channel media. The lack of consideration of certain of the proposed values in the Nusselt number for macroporous media explains the discrepancies in the existing calculation relationships and experiments. The empirical coefficients for the Nusselt number are proposed and obtained by the statistical method. The new semi-empirical equation obtained for macroporous channel media is applied to macroporous absorbers of solar receivers. The obtained results will help to predict the characteristics of future macroporous absorbers much more accurately than before to make them more efficient. The obtained equation for calculating the Nusselt number for channel-like macroporous absorbers has been successfully tested for the receiver of concentrated solar power plants with different geometric structure of the absorber.
Vid-dsa and Glorot-hs-cnn-based Secure Request Scheduling in Urban Vanet
Authors: Velayudhan Nitha C , Madanan Mukesh , Pradeep Arun
Published: December 2023

Advancement in technology, which has solved greater traffic problems utilizing Vehicular Adhoc NETwork (VANET), has made vehicles communicate with each other by means of Road Side Units (RSU). But, in urban areas, reducing traffic is quite difficult owing to the random movement of vehicles. Thus, this paper proposes a secured routing framework utilizing Vehicle ID-based Digital Signature Algorithm(VID-DSA) and Glorot-Hyperbolic Sine-CNN (Glorot-HS-CNN) techniques. Primarily, the number of vehicles on the road is initialized and registered in the Trusted Authority (TA). During registration, the certificate is issued utilizing VID-DSA. After that, certificate verification takes place when the new user vehicle sends a request to the RSU. Then, for efficient route generation, attributes are extracted from the verified user utilizing the Vectorized-Street RAndom Waypoint (V-STRAW) traffic model. Afterward, the optimal path is selected for the corresponding user vehicles' requests utilizing the Constriction Factor-Battle Royale Optimization (CF-BRO) algorithm for avoiding data collision along with uneven delay. Now, the optimal path is transferred to the user vehicle. At last, grounded on the optimal path, the RSU schedules the requests centered on the network entry time. Lastly, the proposed technique’s performance is validated by analogizing it with the prevailing approaches. The outcomes displayed that when contrasted with other systems, the proposed technique achieves enhancement in performance.
Hybrid Optimization Algorithm of OAFS and ICS with CNN-based Energy Level Prediction for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jagadeesh S. , Mahesh C. , Kumar A. Narendra , Alleema N. Noor
Published: December 2023

In order to maximize network duration and attain power efficiency in wireless sensor networks, clustering, and routing are two notable optimization problems (WSNs). The clustering and routing procedure is an example of an NP-hard issue that can be solved using a metaheuristic optimization method. Clustering is a suitable procedure that is frequently used to improve network power efficiency. Concurrently, difficult cluster head (CH) election and potential Base Station (BS) pathways increase energy consumption and cut down the lifetime of the WSN. This paper proposes an Improved Cuckoo Search (ICS) routing method along with Oppositional Artificial Fish Swarm (OAFS) based clustering as a solution to this issue. The OAFS-ICS approach that has been suggested makes good use of OAFS-based clustering to choose the CHs. In this case, a refined Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is worn to make predictions about the energy level. The CH parameters like distance to BS (DBS), residual energy, node degree (ND) and node centrality are used to calculate a fitness function (FF). Several scenarios are utilised to calculate the performance of the current technique depending on the number of nodes. Numerous simulations were conducted in order to confirm the supplied model's superiority. The simulation results demonstrated that the OAFS-ICS technique beat the comparison methods in terms of a variety of criteria.