bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purpose regulation of human behavior
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Grishina Natalia
Published: September 2023

In descriptions of the determination of human behavior, along with the influences of his past experience or the current situation, in modern personality psychology, the constructs of the future (life plans, possible I, etc.) begin to occupy an increasing place, among which the goals of a person play an important role. Goals are the most important regulator of human activity, the implementation of which requires an image of the result to which it is aimed (“the model of the necessary future” according to Bernstein). Goals, in contrast to motives and needs related to the same phenomenological field, are situational in nature. Lewin’s concept of life space emphasizes the inextricable connection of a person with situations and the context of life activity; to concretize this connection, Thomas introduces the concept of “defining a situation”, Vygotsky — “experiencing”. The notion of purpose must be included in these descriptions: “defining the situation” is cognitive, “experiencing” describes the affective component of this connection, “goal” refers to the missing “behavioral” (“efficient”) component; in interaction with the situation, all these components “work” together, ensuring its understanding, assessment of significance and its compliance with the goals of the person. In accordance with the concept of the contextual nature of goals, a level differentiation of goal regulation is proposed, which appears as tasks to be solved when interacting with specific situations, as goals proper in a life context, and as meanings when interacting with existential reality. We put the contex tual understanding of goals as the basis of a hypothetical model of goal regulation, which was tested in an empirical study. The results obtained showed the connection between a person’s goals and the probability of their achievement in the specific conditions of his life situation, assessed by him in terms of how much he has already managed to realize the plans and expectations of the past, and the significance of goals in specific areas of life is determined by what he is ready to do for them, achievements, including changing one’s life situation or changing oneself. Thus, the thesis about the contextual nature of goals was confirmed.
Information identity and perception of information as a new digital everyday life
Authors:   Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Martsinkovskaya Tatiana ,   Russian State University for the Humanities,   Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Andreeva (Golubeva) Natalia ,   Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Preobrazhenskaya Svetlana ,   Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: September 2023

The psychology of everyday life has been studied for a long time and has accumulated a lot of new data, in contrast to its specificity in the context of a digital society as a digital everyday life. Objective is to theoretically analyze the difficulties that arise in digital everyday life and empirically explore new trends in the development of information identity and information perception. The first study was devoted to the study of the leading way of perceiving and processing information and its relationship with the level of information awareness and the style of information identity in two age groups — young people from 16 to 27 years old (N = 100) and middle-aged people from 27 to 50 years old (N = 80). The second study was devoted to the relationship between the style of information identity, and the scale of adherence and scale of satisfaction with life in the information society. The respondents in this case were young people, students of Moscow universities aged from 17 to 25 years (N = 100). Obtained materials in recent studies gave the opportunity to identify new trends in the ways of perception and processing of information, as well as in information identity styles in different age groups. Information awareness in the older age group is much higher than in the group of young people. At the same time, the digital way of perceiving and processing information in both age groups is approximately equal and exceeds the percentage of people with other leading modalities. In the same way, the information style of identity is much more typical for people of different ages.
Ordinary ideas about self-determination of personality: Structure and phenomenology
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Odintsova Maria , Moskvicheva Natalia ,   St. Petersburg State University, Kostromina Svetlana ,   St. Petersburg State University, Zinovyeva Elena ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the description of ordinary ideas about the phenomenon of selfdetermination, which is actively discussed in modern scientific literature. The theoretical foundations for the development of the concept of “self-determination” and a multilevel complementary model of this phenomenon are presented. The results of the empirical study of common ideas about this concept as a way of empirical verification of the theoretical model and clarification of its content are presented. The study was conducted using a semi-structured interview, the sample consisted of 72 respondents (mean age — 23.7 (SD = 5.34; M0 = 21; Me = 22)). It was revealed that most of the respondents had not heard about the concept of self-determination before (63.9%), however, they can roughly describe its content. Most often, when describing self-determination, there are such characteristics as self-understanding, selfdetermination and self-knowledge; independence in behavior; the ability to make decisions; control over one’s life; striving for results and achievements; the presence of a pronounced motivation for action; awareness; as well as indications of connection with the concepts of freedom, responsibility, reflection. The revealed common ideas are consistent with scientific ideas about self-determination as a set of characteristics and processes of an individual’s activity, which are distinguished by purposefulness, arbitrary regulation and relative freedom from external factors. More than half of the respondents (60%) consider themselves to be self-determined people, and when describing other people, they consider them to be self-determined, based primarily on their ability to overcome life’s obstacles. Comparison of the data obtained with the developed theoretical complementary model of self-determination showed that in ordinary concepts, it is possible to distinguish the components of all three levels of the complementary theoretical model: meaningful self-determination (highest level), activity self-determination (middle level), and spontaneous self-determination (basic level). Mostly, ordinary ideas contain characteristics of the activity level, however, when differentiating the concepts of self-regulation and self-determination, the respondents point to the semantic accents of the phenomenon of self-determination: a mature attitude and responsibility for building one’s life.
The practice of intuitive drawing in overcoming the consequences of traumatic stress in combat participants
Authors:   Mobile Unit of Special Purpose (OMON) “Berkut”, Sbitneva Olga
Published: September 2023

The conditions of modern professional activity of special units of internal affairs bodies are characterized by a significant intensity of mental stress, as well as a wide variety and heterogeneity of circumstances that can lead a person into a state of affect, complete disorientation in the environment. Employees need to assess the situation impartially and make adequate decisions taking into account its unpredictability. In such conditions, the ability to self-control over your feelings and behavior is very important. A special role in this process is played by the mental state, which is an important part of the regulation of behavior and is significant in any kind of activity. Extreme conditions of service create the need for a psychological study of the emotional states in which the fighters are after participating in hostilities in order to provide them with timely and necessary psychological assistance. The purpose of this work is to find the most effective methods of restoring vital resources, especially in conditions of transformation of society and the growth of social tension. The author adheres to the hypothesis that the art-therapeutic practice of intuitive drawing is effective in the psychological correction of negative states. The proposed experience of working with negative emotions of police officers is effective as a way of expressing personal problems, which makes it possible for a psychologist not only to determine the direction for psychological work, but also to use this practice in correcting the negative mental state of an employee. Art therapy, as a creative process, allows you to feel and understand yourself, express thoughts and feelings freely, get rid of negative experiences. By drawing, the employee gives an outlet to his feelings, desires, dreams, rebuilds his attitude to various situations and traumatic images, and also plunges into positive feelings for a while, distracting himself from negative thoughts and states.
The cult of Josaphat Kuntsevych in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century: Between religious intolerance and proselytism
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Medvedev Kirill Maximovich
Published: September 2023

In the article within the framework of traditional ideas and concepts associated with the phenomenon of martyrdom in Western Christianity the discursive construction, formation and evolution of the cult of the Catholic martyr Josaphat Kuntsevych is considered in the context of intense inter-confessional confrontation and «Wars of Religion» in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century. It is noted that the cult of the Uniate Archbishop of Polotsk, killed by the Orthodox, was actively used in the confrontation with the «gentiles», especially with adherents of the Orthodox Church, justifying the struggle and violence against them and, in particular, against the most convinced and stubborn enemies of the Catholic Church and the Church Union with Divine wrath and «revenge» for the shed blood of the martyr. At the same time, the cult of Josaphat had a pronounced proselytizing character, aimed at spreading Catholicism among the «gentiles». Both of these hypostases did not contradict each other, since within the framework of the Christian tradition it was believed that the martyrs, accepting death for their faith, contribute to the victory of Christianity over its enemies and its spread, because by their martyrdom they put a choice before their tormentors: either believe in the true God or be doomed to eternal suffering. Secondly, Christian authors of the Middle Ages and early modern period traditionally noted that both preaching and coercion (even violence) are equally important for the spread of the «true faith», and within the framework of the cult of Josaphat Kuntsevych this belief was vividly reflected.
Six by five: Soviet and emigrant historians at the 7th International congress of historical sciences
Authors:   F. M. Dostoevskiy Omsk State University, Voloshina Valentina Yurievna , Korzun Valentina Pavlovna ,   F. M. Dostoevskiy Omsk State University
Published: September 2023

The focus of the authors’ attention is the dialogue between emigrant historians and their Soviet colleagues during the International historical congress that was held in Warsaw in August 1933. It was the first congress that took place in a Slavic country. The main sources of research are the reports and accounts of the participants of the congress, presented in the form of publications in Soviet scientific magazines («Historian Marxist», «Class Struggle»), in emigrant periodicals («Russia and Svadom») and in European reviews («Revue historigue de droit francais et etranger»). The authors also use paperwork documents from the Foundation of the Institute of History of the Comacademy. The Soviet delegation consisted of six members, while there were five emigrant scientists, who were at the same time members of national delegations of other countries where they were living. The common interest of both sides, which appeared behind the congress venues, was recorded, the features of self-descriptions and presentations and self-presentation to the world scientific community were revealed. The constructed corporate portraits of each other were demonstrated. The conclusion was made that there was not a constructive dialogue between different sides. At the same time it was noted that there was not a provocative dialogue either, like one that occurred during the congress at Oslo. The reasons for this stagnation were identified. The authors of this article characterize prevailing atmosphere at the congress (let’s not quarrel) as «communicative plateau», that was connected with the increasingly complicated international situation of the early thirties.
Legal status of Russian refugees in Bulgaria in the 1920s – early 1930s
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bocharova Zoya Sergeevna
Published: September 2023

The position of Russian refuges in the 1920s in Bulgaria is analyzed in the article drawing on a large factual material. The reasons for the country’s policy of «open doors», the numerical dynamics of emigrants, the peculiarities of their social composition and adaptation are revealed. It is shown that the legal status of Russians was regulated at the national level, taking into account the interests of emigration in Bulgaria and the situation in other countries, as well as in close connection with the decisions of the League of Nations. Gradually, a unified legal context of refugee existence was created. The Russian diplomatic mission headed by A. M. Petryaev, who since 1923 handed over his duties to the former adviser of the Russian Embassy in Bulgaria S. G. Bogoyavlensky, the Committee on Russian Refugees in Bulgaria, the representation of the High Commissioner for Refugees in Bulgaria, provided institutional assistance. The relationship between various institutions and personalities in solving the refugee issue is revealed. The legal status of Russians is examined from the standpoint of structural integration: inclusion in the host society through the national labor market, taxation, social sphere, realization of inheritance rights, access to the court, through the structures of the Russian Orthodox Church, the institution of citizenship. Russian refugees in Bulgaria formally obeyed the general laws on foreigners on an equal basis with other foreigners. There was no special law regulating the rights of Russians, but they were in a different position compared to other foreigners because of the number of legislative and administrative reservations. The special attitude towards the veterans of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 was characteristic: they were granted the right to a lifetime monthly allowance. The role of Nansen passports, established for Russians, and the difficulties of their application by ordinary migrants are revealed. It is concluded that the economic crisis of the late 1920s — early 1930s stimulated the integration of Russians due to the activation of naturalization. The confessional and linguistic affinity of the peoples played a role.
lmplementation of a national regulatory framework for drinking water safety plans in Uruguay
Authors: Vieira Jose M. P. , Rodríguez Sandra , Suarez Paula , Kramer Ricardo
Published: September 2023

The establishment of national strategic frameworks for systematic scaling-up of water safety plans (WSPs) implementation needs to overcome major constraints: lack of legislation and policies, and the need for appropriate monitoring tools. In 2018, the Uruguayan regulator for energy and water services promulgated a regulation intended to ensure an ambitious and pragmatic strategy that supports and promotes WSP implementation and auditing at a national scale. The goal is to have all drinking water supply systems with their WSP implemented by 2030. For this, a demanding schedule was recommended considering the size of the drinking water supplies: (i) large systems serving more than 2,000 inhabitants and (ii) small and very small systems serving fewer than 2,000 inhabitants. A mandatory verification through internal and external audits was also established. This work describes the legal and regulatory framework as well as the challenges and opportunities that open up for the generalization of WSP implementation in Uruguay. Despite the impact of COVID-19 on working conditions for water suppliers, as for the year 2022, WSPs have been successfully implemented in 94 water systems serving more than 2.4 million people. Results of successful implementation and auditing processes are presented and discussed covering methods and outcomes.
Saúde mental docente em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Dos Santos da Rocha Geovane , Rossetto Elisabeth
Published: September 2023

A pandemia da covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) trouxe, principalmente nos anos de 2020 e 2021, sérias repercussões na realidade da população mundial. A questão da saúde mental docente, já discutida antes do período pandêmico, ganhou maior destaque nesse contexto, uma vez que a realidade vivenciada por professores modificou-se tanto no aspecto pessoal como profissional. Considerando isso, o presente estudo objetivou investigar o estado de saúde mental docente em tempos de pandemia, mais especificamente, da covid-19. Para tanto, aplicou-se um questionário com 170 professores do Ensino Fundamental – Anos Iniciais do município de Cascavel/PR. Com os dados à disposição, realizou-se sua interpretação por meio de recursos quantitativos (análise estatística) e qualitativos (análise categorial). Utilizando-se da perspectiva teórica psicanalítica, pode-se perceber que alguns sintomas foram desencadeados no contexto pandêmico, tanto relativos à ansiedade (irritabilidade, nervosismo, angústia, sintomas físicos, receio de morrer etc.), como a humor deprimido (tristeza, baixa autoestima, sentimentos de culpa e desvalia etc.) e a outros variados, como insônia, frustração e ideação suicida. Concluiu-se, a partir de então, que o período de pandemia de covid-19 repercutiu negativamente sobre a saúde mental de professores em graus variados, a depender da sua subjetividade e do meio social onde cada sujeito encontrava-se inserido.
Health Benefits in a New Era of Medicine: Probiotics as Nutraceutical
Authors: Gupta Dipali , Agrawal Nipun , Saxena Shubhi , Saxena Shivang
Published: September 2023

We are aware of the function and needs of the six majornutrients found in food: water, vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins,and carbs. In addition to these elements, foods also includeother vital nutrients that are required for good health and areincreasingly popular. The idea of "functionality" was inspiredby this comprehensive view of nutrition. Due to its potential forhaving beneficial nutritional, safe, therapeutic, and effectiveimpacts, nutraceuticals have recently gained a lot of attention.They might be involved in biological activities like geneexpression, antioxidant defenses, cell division, and upkeep ofthe mitochondria's integrity. Nutritional supplements are usedto boost immunity, prevent chronic diseases, slow down theaging process, and ultimately raise.
Diagnostic Utility of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Findings in Patients of Asthma, COPD and Asthma and COPD Overlap
Authors: Siddiqui Yasmoon A. , Tandon Rajeev , Singh Lalit , Nirala Pradeep
Published: September 2023

Asthma, COPD and COOP Overlap Syndromeare among the most prevalent chronic disorders affecting thegeneral population. The study was intended to understand thediagnostic utility of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO)testing in Asthma, COPD and Asthma COPD Overlap syndromepatients.
Fighting the good fight: Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: September 2023

Cancer diagnoses are on the rise but survival rates are increasing thanks to advances in scientific and technological innovation, which have presented new prevention and treatment opportunities that are allowing people with cancer to live longer, healthier lives. Sustained research efforts are key to reducing the cancer burden and Europe's Beating Cancer Plan is an important part of the European Commission's (EC) ongoing action against the disease. It was adopted in February 2021 and represents an ongoing commitment to prevent cancer, support equal access to care and improve the lives of the many people affected by cancer. ´This is first and foremost about people. About celebrating and reinforcing resilience and treating cancer as a disease that can and must be overcome. A strong European Health Union is a Union where citizens are protected from avoidable cancers, where they have access to early screening and diagnosis, and where everyone is empowered with access to high quality care, at every step of the way. This is what we want to achieve with our Cancer Plan,´ said Stella Kyriakides, Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, upon the Plan's launch. It is structured around prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment and quality of life of cancer patients and survivors and built on 10 flagship initiatives that cover: new technologies, research and innovation; sustainable cancer prevention; improving early detection; ensuring high standards in care; improving quality of life; reducing cancer equalities; and enhancing the focus on childhood cancer.
Anxiously attached: Personality predictors of privacy attitudes, trust, and willingness to share information on the internet
Authors: Prasad Aarathi , Hart Joshua , Stablein Timothy
Published: September 2023

Privacy concerns surrounding Internet and technology use are higher now than ever, yet, people continue to use the Internet and Internet-connected technologies to share information without coercion and often with recipients they do not have a relationship with. Our research addresses how people’s personality, particularly two personality dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) together known as attachment style, affects their self-reported willingness to share and their actual sharing behavior. We conducted two studies on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (N=984). Study 1 surveyed 500 participants (193 women, 304 men, 3 transgender) aged 20-79 (Mdn = 35, SD = 11.65); and Study 2 surveyed 484 participants (223 women, 260 men, 1 transgender) aged 19-78 (Mdn = 35; SD = 11.69). Multiple regression analyses controlling for demographics and the personality factors neuroticism and extraversion show that anxiously attached individuals are more concerned (ßs = .24 and .33) than less anxiously attached individuals about their private data being disclosed, yet paradoxically, they report more trust in the security of digital communications (ßs = .21 and .34), making them more likely to share personal information on the Internet (ßs = .26 and .22). This research bears theoretical implications (e.g., understanding the psychology of sharing behavior), as well as practical ones (e.g., for tailoring existing privacy and sharing controls to individuals based on their personality characteristics).
Creatively Adapting Touch-Based Practices to the Web Format During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review
Authors: Gauhe Greta , Cisneros Rosemary E Kostic , Ward Jade , Hohenschurz-Schmidt David J
Published: September 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic forced numerous touch-based fields, including manual therapy, body psychotherapy, arts therapy, creative arts practices, and the fitness industry, to swiftly transition to web-based service delivery. These disciplines faced substantial challenges in adapting their traditionally in-person practices, which rely heavily on physical touch and close proximity, to a web format.

Objective

This review intends to provide a systematically sourced overview of the literature concerning innovative approaches for adapting touch-based practices to the web format in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A systematic search across 7 databases and gray literature sources identified studies presenting innovative web delivery methods, particularly those addressing the challenges arising from the absence of physical proximity and touch. The inclusion criteria were designed to encompass studies exploring the creative adaptation of touch-based practices to web formats in response to the COVID-19 pandemic irrespective of study methodology. The exclusion criteria applied to studies focusing solely on technical aspects of web delivery or nontouch or noninteractive practices. There were no geographical restrictions, but the selection was limited to publications from 2020 onward. As only qualitative studies were found, data synthesis was conducted thematically.

Results

The review encompassed 17 studies revealing that touch-based fields successfully devised innovative and creative methods for web service delivery. These methods were categorized into five main themes: (1) adapted working methods (cross-field methods), (2) adapted working methods for sensorial experiences and nonphysical connections, (3) creative methods using materials or additional tools, (4) creative use of web-based platform tools or additional technologies, and (5) creative methods requiring previous preparation of practitioners or participants. These creative approaches allowed practitioners to address the challenges of web touch-based practices, fostering connections and offering unique sensory experiences, albeit with some concerns related to technology and preparation.

Conclusions

These innovative methods demonstrate promise in circumventing the limitations imposed by the lack of physical touch and proximity in web settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, these insights hold potential for application in other fields in the future. This systematic search and thematic synthesis provide valuable guidance for practitioners and educators seeking to navigate the evolving landscape of web service delivery in touch-based disciplines, ensuring continuity of care even in challenging circumstances.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022379731; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=379731
Understanding the Tensions of “Good Motherhood” Through Women’s Digital Technology Use: Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Facca Danica , Hall Jodi , Hiebert Bradley , Donelle Lorie
Published: September 2023

Background

Research suggests that expectant and new mothers consult and value information gathered from digital technologies, such as pregnancy-specific mobile apps and social media platforms, to support their transition to parenting. Notably, this transitional context can be rich with profound physiological, psychological, and emotional fluctuation for women as they cope with the demands of new parenting and navigate the cultural expectations of “good motherhood.” Given the ways in which digital technologies can both support and hinder women’s perceptions of their parenting abilities, understanding expectant and new mothers’ experiences using digital technologies and the tensions that may arise from such use during the transition to parenting period warrants nuanced exploration.

Objective

This study aims to understand mothers’ use of digital technologies during the transition to parenting period.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in a predominantly urban region of Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were implemented to recruit participants who had become a parent within the previous 24 months. Researchers conducted focus groups using a semistructured interview guide with 26 women. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.

Results

Participants’ experiences of using digital technologies in the transition to parenting period were captured within the overarching theme “balancing the tensions of digital technology use in the transition to parenting” and 4 subthemes: self-comparison on social media, second-guessing parenting practices, communities of support, and trusting intuition over technology. Although digital technologies purportedly offered “in-the-moment” access to community support and health information, this came at a cost to mothers, as they described feelings of guilt, shame, and self-doubt that provoked them to question and hold in contention whether they were a good mother and using technology in a morally upright manner.

Conclusions

These findings raise critical questions concerning the promotion and commercialization of digital technologies and the ways in which they can further push the boundaries of hegemonic parenting practices, provoke feelings of inadequacy, and compromise well-being among expectant and new mothers.
Differing Behaviors Around Adult Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants and Opioids: Latent Class Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Rockhill Karilynn M , Olson Richard , Dart Richard C , Iwanicki Janetta L , Black Joshua C
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The availability of central nervous system stimulants has risen in recent years, along with increased dispensing of stimulants for treatment of, for example, parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and new diagnoses during adulthood. Typologies of drug use, as has been done with opioids, fail to include a sufficient range of behavioral factors to contextualize person-centric circumstances surrounding drug use. Understanding these patterns across drug classes would bring public health and regulatory practices toward precision public health.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to quantitatively delineate the unique behavioral profiles of adults who currently nonmedically use stimulants and opioids using a latent class analysis and to contrast the differences in findings by class. We further evaluated whether the subgroups identified were associated with an increased Drug Abuse Screening Test-10 (DAST-10) score, which is an indicator of average problematic drug use.

METHODS

This study used a national cross-sectional web-based survey, using 3 survey launches from 2019 to 2020 (before the COVID-19 pandemic). Data from adults who reported nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (n=2083) or prescription opioids (n=6127) in the last 12 months were analyzed. A weighted latent class analysis was used to identify the patterns of use. Drug types, motivations, and behaviors were factors in the model, which characterized unique classes of behavior.

RESULTS

Five stimulant nonmedical use classes were identified: amphetamine self-medication, network-sourced stimulant for alertness, nonamphetamine performance use, recreational use, and nondiscriminatory behaviors. The drug used nonmedically, acquisition through a friend or family member, and use to get high were strong differentiators among the stimulant classes. The latter 4 classes had significantly higher DAST-10 scores than amphetamine self-medication (P<.001). In addition, 4 opioid nonmedical use classes were identified: moderate pain with low mental health burden, high pain with higher mental health burden, risky behaviors with diverse motivations, and nondiscriminatory behaviors. There was a progressive and significant increase in DAST-10 scores across classes (P<.001). The potency of the opioid, pain history, the routes of administration, and psychoactive effect behaviors were strong differentiators among the opioid classes.

CONCLUSIONS

A more precise understanding of how behaviors tend to co-occur would improve efficacy and efficiency in developing interventions and supporting the overall health of those who use drugs, and it would improve communication with, and connection to, those at risk for severe drug outcomes.
Exploring the social media discussion of breast cancer treatment choices: A quantitative natural language process study (Preprint)
Authors: Spiegel Daphna Y. , Friesner Isabel D. , Zhang William , Yan Gianna , Willcox Julia , Prionas Nicolas , Singer Lisa , Park Catherine , Hong Julian C.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Early-stage breast cancer has the complex challenge of carrying a favorable prognosis with multiple treatment options, including breast conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. Social media is increasingly used as a source of information and as a decision tool for patients, and awareness of these conversations is important for patient counseling.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to compare social media discussion surrounding BCS and mastectomy using natural language processing (NLP).

METHODS

Reddit posts and comments from the Reddit subreddit r/breastcancer and associated metadata were collected using pushshift.io. 105,231 paragraphs across 59,416 posts and comments from 2015-2021 were collected and analyzed. Paragraphs were processed through the Apache clinical Text Analysis Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES) and identified as discussing BCS or mastectomy based on physician-defined SNOMED concepts. Paragraphs were analyzed with a Valence Aware Dictionary for sEntiment Reasoning (VADER) compound sentiment score (ranging -1 to 1 corresponding to negativity or positivity) and GoEmotions scores (0-1) corresponding to the intensity of 27 different emotions and neutrality.

RESULTS

There were 7,306 paragraphs mentioning BCS or mastectomy (2,729 and 5,476, respectively). Discussion of both increased over time, with BCS outpacing mastectomy. The median sentiment score for all discussions became more positive over time. Positive sentiments for mastectomy mentions increased over time. Discussion surrounding BCS did not show a similar trend and remained overall neutral. Compared to BCS, conversations about mastectomy tended to have more positive sentiments. The most commonly identified emotions included neutrality, gratitude, caring, approval, and optimism. Anger, annoyance, disappointment, disgust, and joy increased for BCS over time.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients are increasingly participating in breast cancer therapy discussions with a virtual community. While discussions surrounding mastectomy became increasingly positive, BCS discussions did not show the same trend. This mirrors national clinical trends, with increasing use of mastectomy over BCS in early-stage breast cancer. Recognizing sentiments and emotions surrounding the decision-making process can facilitate patient-centric and emotionally sensitive treatment recommendations.
Objetivos Prioritarios 2020-2024 de la Defensa Nacional del Estado Mexicano
Authors: Ortiz Arellano Edgar
Published: September 2023

El Estado mexicano, para lograr sus fines e intereses dirigidos a la protección de la población, mantener la integridad territorial, asegurar la permanencia de sus instituciones democráticas y garantizar la soberanía e independencia de la nación, propone políticas que se exponen en el Programa Sectorial de Defensa Nacional 2020-2024, de ahí que la meta de este artículo fue el analizar los objetivos prioritarios plasmados en ese documento oficial en cuanto a su orientación temática, a partir de la construcción de categorías ponderadas de análisis de contenido. La investigación arrojó como resultado general que de un total de seis objetivos, solamente uno tiene vínculo directo con la defensa y seguridad nacional, lo cual puede ser consecuencia de consideraciones políticas, históricas y burocráticas que son determinantes de las acciones prioritarias de las Fuerzas Armadas.
A Secure Community: Mitigating Ransomware Threats to Small Businesses
Authors: Abhiram D Venkata Sai , Reddy G Ajith Kumar , Sai B Krishna
Published: September 2023

Abstract: In recent years, the increasing use of computers and smartphones has changed the way businesses operate. But along with these changes, there has been a rise in cyber threats, especially for small businesses. This research study delves into the world of cybersecurity for small businesses, looking at the challenges they face. We analysed data and information from the internet sources to understand what small businesses know about cyber threats, how they protect themselves, and how cyberattacks affect them. The study gives us a clear picture of the cybersecurity situation in these communities and shows why it is important to keep their digital assets safe. By sharing this information, we hope to help small businesses, make them stronger, and create a safer online world for everyone.
Assessment of Additive Manufacturing Technology for Rotor Fixture used in Gas turbine Assembly
Authors: Hosamani Raghavendra M , Rajkumar Dr. G R
Published: September 2023

Abstract: The study involves an examination of the rotor fixture assembly to understand its functionality under standard boundary conditions. The fixture components were modelled in NX CAD. To achieve the desired weight reduction and equivalent stiffness, Finite Element Analysis was conducted both before and after the Topology Optimization process using the Density-based method in ANSYS. The objective was to optimize rotor fixture design for additive manufacturing to reduce weight and lead time. Finite Element Analysis and topology optimization were used to redesign the fixture, resulting in a 16.3% mass reduction for the solid model and 27.5% for the shell model while maintaining stiffness. Metal additive manufacturing reduced lead time by 46% despite a 17% increase in cost compared to conventional machining. Future work may involve lattice structure design and part distortion prediction using Ansys additive software for further improvements.
Inter-Vendor Intra-Operation in Smart Home using Wi-Fi for Capacious Control and Remote Operation
Authors: Neupane Aayush , Neupane Shirshak
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Smart homes have been gaining a lot of momentum lately and people are rushing towards it, because of the ease of control, monitor and security that they offer. Although smart home installation has also become quite easier nowadays, but still pertains to be difficult choice to many, due to the exclusivity of the vendors or the inability of some vendors to support the Zigbee connection. Though Zigbee allows users to assemble their own choice of devices and consumption of low power, as long as the devices support Zigbee interface, but Zigbee still remains sort of unsafe and less capacious (expandable). Inter-vendor Intraoperability using Wi-Fi can provide easier installation and control options to the users and also increase the scalability of the smart homes, allowing the users themselves to choose from the devices that they want to install in their home, and providing them a common platform of control in form of a mobile application, from anywhere wherever the Wi-Fi or mobile internet provided. Also, the data transfer would be more secure and encrypted over Wi-Fi, faster and more expandable, even across the countries. In the project, we explore the interconnection of smart home devices from various vendor together with a Zigbee Bluetooth interface with a mobile application for control, enabling the smart homes more accessible by cost cutting.
Engineering Significance of Annular Raft Foundations over Solid Raft FoundationsJ
Authors: Singh Ajay Pratap , . Rathor , Sharma Jitendra Kumar
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Raft foundations play a pivotal role in distributing structural loads to the underlying soil, thereby ensuring the stability and integrity of various civil engineering structures. The choice between different types of raft foundations, such as solid and annular rafts, significantly impacts the overall performance and durability of a structure. This paper explores the engineering significance of annular raft foundations in comparison to solid raft foundations. The traditional solid raft foundation offers uniform load distribution and settlement control; however, it often encounters challenges when dealing with non-uniform soil profiles, differential settlements, and expansive soils. Annular raft foundations, a relatively innovative approach, address these challenges by featuring a central void within the raft. This void introduces a controlled differential settlement mechanism, enabling the foundation to accommodate non-uniform soil conditions effectively. Moreover, annular rafts offer improved structural performance in regions prone to ground movements, as the central void allows the foundation to adjust to soil displacements more flexibly than a solid raft. The engineering significance of annular rafts extends to their enhanced loadbearing capacity and reduction in material usage compared to solid rafts. The design of annular rafts takes advantage of the arching effect within the void, which enables the foundation to support heavier loads while minimizing the amount of concrete and reinforcement required. This not only contributes to cost savings but also aligns with sustainable construction practices by reducing the environmental impact associated with excessive material consumption.
Storgi Media as an effort to Improve Dental Health Behavior in Orphanage Children
Authors: Fadjeri Indrayati , Purnama Tedi , Suharja Eliati Sri , Nurwanti Widi
Published: September 2023

Background: Orphanage children can also be classified as one of the groups that are vulnerable to dental disease, this is due to a lack of dental health maintenance behavior due to low socioeconomic status. To improve dental and oral health maintenance behavior, dental health promotion can be done with interesting and appropriate media. Storgi media is one of the outreach media that is integrated with tooth brushing facilities in the form of toothbrush lockers. Objective: The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of Storgi Media as an effort to Improve Dental Health Behavior in Orphanage Children. Method: This research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest control group design. The research sample was 50 children from orphanages taken using purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given dental health education using storgi media, while the control group was given dental health education using flipcharts. The data was tested using paired sample t-test/Wilcoxon analysis, namely a pre-post design, while to compare the means of the treatment and control groups, the independent t-test/Mann Whitney test was used. Results: The results of the test of differences in knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth show that the p-value between the intervention group and the control group is 0.000 (p <0.05), meaning that there is a difference between the values of knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth after dental health education with children's storgi media and dental health education with filpchart. Conclusion: dental health education using storgi media is more effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth in in orphanage children
Keywords: Storgi, media, dental health education, behavior, orphanage
Propriedades urbanas e controle da terra: o Patrimônio da Câmara de Desterro no século XIX
Authors: Souza Gustavo Rodrigo Faccin Araujo de , Siqueira Marina Toneli
Published: September 2023

Objetiva-se, neste artigo, realizar uma análise da formação e das transformações do patrimônio da Câmara Municipal de Desterro ao longo do século XIX. A partir da utilização de fontes primárias e secundárias, busca-se debater o cadastramento de ocupantes de 1817, o tombamento do patrimônio de 1823 e a dinâmica de posses e aforamentos realizada pela Câmara Municipal. À luz de debates sobre a historiografia da propriedade da terra no Brasil, identifica-se localmente o aumento do controle estatal sobre o rossio e a baixa influência da Lei de Terras durante o período estudado. Destaca-se, finalmente, a importância de ampliar o conhecimento acerca da alienação do patrimônio fundiário municipal, seus efeitos na configuração da cidade e na formação do patrimônio imobiliário privado.
Efektivitas Guru PAI dalam Pengelolaan Kelas di SMK Kabupaten Pidie
Authors: Rahmat Rahmat
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine how effective the performance of PAI teachers in Pidie District Vocational High Schools are and how classroom management is in Pidie District Vocational High Schools. The data collection that the author uses in writing this thesis is a descriptive method, which is a method whose solution is investigated by describing the state of an object and a research at the present time based on the facts that are at the location or as they are and is a field research method, namely by conducting a direct study. the data in the field and also using the library research method, namely by examining books or documents that support the author's language theme. The results of this study indicate that the Effectiveness of PAI Teacher Performance in Vocational High Schools in Pidie Regency both at SMK Negeri 2 and SMK Negeri 3 PAI teachers have carried out their duties well, but not yet fully maximized, only PAI teachers in SMK 2 have been able to interact both to students compared to PAI teachers at SMK 3 Sigli and Class management at Vocational High Schools in Pidie Regency which is carried out at SMK Negeri 2 and SMK Negeri 3 both have shortcomings. PAI teachers at SMK Negeri 2 do not teach with the media in order to facilitate the learning process, while PAI teachers at SMK Negeri 3 are not able to follow the children's language so that children tend to be bored.
Strategi Pengelolaan Pendidikan pada Pesantren Modern di Wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Kurniawan Indra
Published: September 2023

There is no doubt that the educational process in modern Islamic boarding school is very orderly and organized, all of this is did’nt escape from the good management of the Islamic boarding school itself. Therefore, the author pleased to examine the Educational Process Management Strategy in Modern Islamic Boarding Schools in the Aceh Besar Region. The Islamic boarding school mean are: Al Falah Abu Lam U Islamic Boarding School, Al Manar and Oemar diyan Islamic Boarding School. The author used kualitatif method here, The datas comes from influential figures in the islmaic boarding school, Likes; The leader of the Modern Islamic boarding school, headmaster of school and one of his ustadz (inside teacher). The interesting thing in this research is that Modern Islamic Boarding Schools have been tested and are capable of creating Islamic cadres in the future in their own way. The way they do it is a deep management strategy, starting from program planning, implementation, evaluation and follow-up, that’s all carried out jointly with the teachers inside for the implementation of an educational process that runs well and regularly and to produce quality alumni.