bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARINE FUEL WITH LOW SULFUR CONTENT, PRODUCTION PROSPECTS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Chernyavsky A.V. , Grigorov Andrey
Published: June 2023

The article examines the main world trends in the field of fuel use for shipping. The need to replace the F-5 and F-12 fleet fuel oils, which are widely used by the merchant fleet of Ukraine today, with new, low-sulfur fuel, such as marine gasoil (MGO) or low sulfur marine gasoil (LS-MGO), is substantiated. The main problems that, taking into account the role of cargo transportation by sea in Ukraine, may arise during the transition of shipping to new types of fuel are characterized. At the same time, directions for solving these problems without a significant impact on the cost of freight transportation are proposed, which consist in the selection of raw materials, preliminary processing of raw materials, the use of the latest technologies and compounding of finished goods.

In practice, in the production of marine fuel with low sulfur content, the most effective is the combination of several directions into a single technological chain: "selection of raw materials - the latest technologies" or "selection of raw materials - the latest technologies - compounding". Considering this, today, one of the most promising technological processes for the production of motor fuels, in particular marine fuels, in Ukraine can be considered catalytic pyrolysis on zeolites of secondary polymer raw materials.
EFFECT OF DISCHARGE CURRENT MAGNITUDE ON EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERHEAD POWER LINE PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKES
Authors: Trotsenko Yevgeniy , Oleksandr Yandulskiy Oleksandr , Dixit Mandar , Peretyatko Julia
Published: June 2023

In this paper the efficiency of lightning shielding provided by single overhead ground wire mounted atop of a double circuit self-supported 220 kV lattice power transmission line tower with a total height of 37.115 m was examined. According to the electro-geometric concept, each phase conductor of a power transmission line has an area where the overhead ground wire does not provide full protection against a direct lightning strike. The width of this unprotected area depends on the design and dimensions of overhead power line tower, the expected magnitude of the lightning current and decreases with increasing magnitude of the discharge current. The lightning protection effectiveness of upper and middle phase conductors was studied. The values of the minimum lightning current, capable of causing an insulation flashover in case of the lightning shielding failure were calculated. The minimum values ​​of the lightning current at which complete shielding is achieved have also been determined. It was found that for upper phase conductor the minimum current at which a complete lightning shielding is achieved is 7.597 kA, and it is smaller than minimum current of 8.604 kA capable to cause an electrical flashover of the transmission line insulation. For middle phase conductor the lowest current at which a complete lightning shielding is achieved is 5.976 kA, that is much smaller than minimum current of 9.206 kA leading to an insulation flashover. The results show that the specified overhead power line is protected from dangerous lightning currents. However, computations show that downward lightning flashes having a smaller current magnitude are able to bypass the shield wire and hit the phase conductors. In this regard, due to unpredictable nature of lightning, to improve the lightning protection of power lines, other measures can be applied, including the use transmission line arresters mounted on or near towers at individual points of the power line. When thunderstorm activity increases due to global warming, strengthening of lightning protection measures is justified.
THE LIMIT DISTANCES OF CONNECTION OF OBJECTS AND CONSUMERS TO ENERGY SOURCES BY DIFFERENT POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors: Khotian Artem , Rozen Victor
Published: June 2023

This article is devoted to the development of a methodology for selecting the optimal variant of the power supply system for a remote local facility from the centralized integrated power system. The article proposes and formulates a definition of the term local power facility.

The main factors influencing the choice of a power supply system for a remote facility from a centralized power supply system are analyzed, including: the remoteness of the consumer from the centralized power grid, load power, the nature of the loads, its natural and climatic, and socio-economic conditions of location.

A classification of power supply systems of local energy facilities has been developed according to such categorical features as: sources of electricity supply, nature of power supply operation, location of the power supply, nature of consumer connection to the power supply, and method of electricity distribution.

The article develops the equations of the boundary radii of connection of electrical installations to power sources in the case of centralized power supply from the integrated power system and centralized power supply from the own power plant within the local power facility. Schematic diagrams of power supply of local energy facilities with a detailed description of their elements are constructed.

The advantages and disadvantages, as well as opportunities and threats to the development of power supply of local facilities as part of microgrids are presented. The advantages of centralized power supply include the low cost of energy and its much higher quality compared to the energy received from own power plants. The disadvantages of decentralized electricity supply include the high cost of investment in the equipment of own solar, wind or fuel power plants, usually of high capacity and staffed by highly qualified specialists, as well as problems with energy storage and the need to purchase fuel, its delivery and storage in large volumes.

The article provides strategic directions necessary for the development and dissemination of energy innovations in Ukraine in the long term.
METHODS AND MODELS OF COMPLEX-BALANCED VIRTUAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Novoseltsev Oleksandr , Eutukhova Tatyana , Chupryna Leonora
Published: June 2023

Energy management systems are one of the most powerful and widespread tools for solving problems of increasing the efficiency of energy use, reducing the energy intensity of production and, as a result, increasing the competitiveness of any country's economy. Among the priority tasks of energy management, one of the key ones is the minimization of the negative consequences of the impact of energy-intensive technological systems on the environment and the satisfaction of consumer demands for the quality of energy supply. This requires the energy management systems of the organization and the procurement of equipment and services for the effective transformation, distribution and use of energy, taking into account economic, energy and environmental (3-E) restrictions. At the same time, tasks related to operational management of energy supply processes for consumers in real time are becoming more and more relevant. For a comprehensive, eco-balanced solution to these problematic tasks, this work proposes to use virtual energy management systems that implement closed cycles of energy management. This required the solution of such tasks as conducting a comparative analysis of methods and mechanisms for increasing 3-E efficiency due to the implementation of a comprehensively balanced energy management system, building and structuring multi-level management systems, developing theoretical principles for coordinating the interaction of their elements. The implementation of these tasks within the framework of a comprehensively balanced system of virtual energy management is carried out on the basis of information and communication technologies, which are used by system operators to monitor, control and optimize the parameters of the business activities of the organization (company), including those related to the actions of personnel for managing work modes technological and auxiliary equipment in real time. In general, this study systematizes the main directions, methods and models of organizing virtual complex-balanced energy management systems and offers conceptual solutions for building such systems.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS AND THEIR CALCULATION
Authors: Viktor Rozen Viktor Rozen , Dokshyna Sofiia
Published: June 2023

Climate change, the level of environmental pollution, the assessment of the exhaustion of traditional raw materials for energy generation, the awareness of the fact that the negative impact on the environment is caused by anthropogenic activities, the world economic crises and the search for ensuring a happy and safe life for future generations became the driving force for the development of energy efficiency. But in order to understand the individual directions of tasks in increasing the level of energy efficiency, it is worth defining approaches to its assessment. It is interesting that this field includes not only the concept of "energy", but also has a connection and to some extent limitations with the fields of economics, ecology and law.

This paper analyzes the concepts and approaches used in assessing the level of energy efficiency internationally and in the middle of the country. The results of the analysis showed that in global practice, energy efficiency assessment based on final consumption is used in four spheres of activity: production, transport, services and households. In each of the subsectors, the energy consumption indicator is evaluated in comparison with the previous year. And the index at the sector level is the average weighted sum of the indicators of its subsectors. To obtain better results, various types of adjustments are used. Climate corrections and purchasing power parity adjustments are one of them. To increase the level of energy efficiency within the country, it is possible to apply the listed practices at the regional level.
THE STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER INTENSITY AND AERODYNAMIC DRAG INSIDE A FLAT PIPE
Authors: Kulynych Vladislav , Rogachev Valerij , Terekh Alexander , Terekh Alexander
Published: June 2023

It is know that a heat exchange tube with a flat-oval profile has excellent thermal and aerodynamic characteristics in contrast to a round tube. Thus, with the same planes, a flat tube has a significant increase in thermal and aerodynamic efficiency compared to a round tube, which is widely used in industry. However, at present, there are a limited number of publications on the study of heat transfer and aerodynamics inside a flat pipe.

In this paper, we present the methodology and results of the study of heat transfer and aerodynamic drag in a pipe, and describe the experimental stand for such studies.

The experiments performed in a flowing wind tunnel with an internal diameter of 36 mm, operating in an open-loop circuit. The working medium is air drawn from the laboratory room. The prototype was a steel pipe with a flat-oval profile, 320 mm long, 30x15 mm cross section, and 2 mm wall thickness.

The created experimental stand allows us to study the heat transfer and aerodynamic drag of a flat pipe under the boundary condition q=const. An electric heater ensured this condition, which is a nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm wound along the entire length of the pipe and insulated from the external environment.

The experiments were carried out in the range of Reynolds numbers (10.5 - 55.0) 103 and dissipated powers (50 - 150) W. The average air temperature in the pipe was set in the range (20 - 55) 0C, and the average temperature of the pipe wall was set in the range (24 - 140) 0C in accordance with the electric power supplied to the heater.

Empirical correlations proposed for determining the intensity of heat transfer and aerodynamic drag inside a flat pipe. The data had compared with a round tube. The results had analyzed, and it had shown for the first time that the intensity of heat transfer and aerodynamic drag in a flat-oval pipe is 1.1 to 1.2 times and 1.4 to 1.7 times higher, respectively.
REMOVAL OF IRON COMPOUNDS FROM MECHANICAL FILTERS HOUSEHOLD REVERSE OSMOTIC SYSTEMS WATER PURIFICATION
Authors: Karpenko Margarita , Іaroslav Radovenchyk Іaroslav , Ivanenko Olena
Published: June 2023

Today, the most convenient and widespread option for cleaning and purifying drinking water is to install reverse osmosis systems directly at the water intake points. However, the use of reverse osmosis systems has disadvantages associated with the frequent need to replace their elements. The article discusses the competitiveness of negative impact on the environment of reverse osmosis systems and ways to regenerate filters with the possibility of their reuse. Currently, there are no companies or organizations in Ukraine that would collect and dispose of such filters. This direction is undeveloped. There are practically no corresponding data in the scientific literature. If you take into account the fact that, according to our calculations, about 88,000 domestic reverse osmosis systems are in use today in Kyiv alone, it is easy to calculate that 176,000 polypropylene cartridges with a total volume of 105 m3 of polypropylene enter the environment during the year.

The article presents method of regeneration of mechanical filters from iron compounds and other harmful impurities deposited on the surface and pores of the filter during operation. Studies of the jet sulfuric acid as a cleaner have confirmed its effectiveness and sufficient safety for further processing of cleaning products as an additive to cement. To establish the minimum residual concentration of iron in the mother liquor, a cycle of experiments was conducted and it was established that pH 4.0-4.5 can be considered optimal, at which the content of iron ions is at the level of their content in drinking water. There was made an estimation of acid. Technologies of large-scale cleaning used filters can be beneficial and cost-effective..

The results of the experimental study make it possible to develop a treatment plant with an automated system for dosing acid and measuring acidity.
DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN THE WINDING RODS OF THE STATOR OF TURBOGENERATORS OF TYPE TVV FOR PURPOSES OF CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Vyhovskiy O. , Chumak V.V. , Tsyvinsky S.S.
Published: June 2023

Turbogenerators were and remain the most unreliable element at nuclear power plants in Ukraine. The most dangerous disturbances in the operation of turbogenerators of the TVV type is complete or partial blockage of the hollow conductors of the stator winding. The systems of operational control and technical diagnostics today, in a number of cases, cannot cope with the identification of these phenomena. The complex application of adequate mathematical models, indications of the standard thermal control system and new diagnostic features give the opportunity with sufficient accuracy for practical purposes to detect blockages in the hollow conductors of the stator windings of these turbogenerators. The aim of the work is to develop a program for calculating the three-dimensional temperature field in the rods of the stator winding of a turbogenerator of the TVV-1000-2U3 type, taking into account the temperature field of the stator core, to carry out a test calculation and to compare the experimental and to calculated data. The problem is solved with the help of the finite difference method using the integro-interpolation method.
TECHNOLOGICAL ENERGY CAPACITY OF COMBINED CYCLES OF STEAM GAS STATIONS
Authors: Horskyi V.
Published: June 2023

Offers a means of increasing the efficiency of the cycle by reducing par asitic loads such as the excess air compressor load and of capturing  energy that might otherwise be wasted. However, this is not always the most effective way of increasing overall efficiency of energy conver sion. For large gas turbine based plants in particular, the best way of improving efficiency is to add a steam turbine bottoming cycle, creat ing a combined cycle power plan. A combined cycle plant is simply what its name suggests. Instead of relying on a single thermodynamic cycle to convert energy into electricity the plant uses more than one. These piggy-back one another  with the first cycle using the highest temperature  thermodynamic working fluid, followed by a second using the intermediate temperature fluid . In fact combined cycle plants with more than two cycles are not used commercially although they are theoretically possible. Much more significant for the modern power generation industry is the addition of a bottoming cycle to a gas turbine power plant. In this case the bottoming cycle is usually a steam turbine cycle, with heat from the gas turbine exhaust exploited to raise steam. This is the most common combined cycle power plant. It would be possible to add a third cycle to exploit the low grade heat remaining after steam generation. This could be achieved with a closed cycle turbine such as an organic Rankine cycle. Such turbines can exploit low grade heat to produce electricity and are used in some geothermal plants where the temperature of the geothermal reservoir is relatively low. However, it is unlikely to be economically viable to add this third cycle to a modern combined cycle plant. To determine the technological energy intensity of such stations, the whole cycle of energy production was considered. The main characteristics of combined cycles are given and the technological energy intensity of energy supply is calculated. The main advantages and disadvantages of these installations are given, and also the comparison of steam turbine and steam and gas stations is made with definition of possible potential at replacement.
THE CONCEPT OF ENHANCING ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY THROUGH THE DISPOSAL OF PLASTIC WASTE AND WASTE TIRES
Authors: Dokshyna S. , Boichenko S. , Rozen V. , Shkilniuk I. , Kuberskyi І.
Published: June 2023

Accumulations of unused plastic waste and wast tires pose a great threat to humanity. Despite the convenience and benefits that products from these materials bring, their waste pollutes soils and water bodies, the atmosphere, and poses a threat to human health. The problem is that plastic and waste tires have a long decomposition time, and their recycling requires significant economic resources and well-established logistics. For example, more than 8 million tons of plastic enter the oceans every year, and used tire landfills are enriched by 7 million tons. In addition, as a result of military actions, the energy and environmental security of Ukraine are under threat. Mass fires, a large amount of generated waste on our lands, missile attacks on infrastructure facilities – all this requires finding ways to increase energy and environmental security. One of the ways to increase the latters is the disposal of dangerous plastic and waste tires by chemical means, as a result of which it is possible to obtain fuel. Therefore, in the article examines the energy potential of obtaining fuel from waste plastic and waste tires in Ukraine. According to the results of the research, the already existing potential for obtaining fuel from plastic and waste tires formed at specially equipped landfills by the end of 2020 amounts to an average of 11,31 and 2,56 thousand tons of fuel, respectively. The annual potential of obtaining fuel from the remains of plastic waste is on average 19,56 thousand tons of fuel, and from waste tires – 6,77 thousand tons of fuel. By 2030, in case of better logistics, it is possible to obtain an average of 275,07 thousand tons of fuel from the collection of accumulated unutilized plastic waste, and an average of 143,59 thousand tons of fuel from waste tires. The obtained values ​​indicate that the improvement of the logistics of plastic and waste tires contributes to ensuring energy saving of their use, improving the health of people and animals, as well as increasing the energy and environmental security of Ukraine and the economy of enterprises.
SIMULATION OF VARIABLE INDIVIDUAL GRAPHS OF THE ELECTRICAL LOAD OF THE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIC DRIVE
Authors: Zakladnyi O. , Prokopenko V.
Published: June 2023

In the process of developing and creating means of controlling the energy efficiency of technological processes based on electric drives, a task arises related to the modeling of individual electric load schedules of the electric drive. In the analytical study of electricity consumption, the substantiation of the mathematical model of the random process is important. This model, on the one hand, should most adequately reflect the properties of the real process of electricity consumption, and on the other hand, it should allow research of this process using known theoretical methods. A way out should be sought on the basis of compromise solutions regarding the choice of the simplest, but sufficiently accurate models, which will solve the tasks in the most rational way.

 

The probabilistic approach to load estimation allows the most probable description of the process of changing the electrical load over time, given the random nature of this change. The application of this approach should be based on reliable statistical data, which allows to ensure high accuracy of the obtained models. The task consists in simulating random processes of electricity consumption by the main consumer of electrical energy - the electric drive.
Transient acetaldehyde production by SO2-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes the survival of Oenococcus oeni during co-fermentation
Authors: Costello Peter J. , Kolouchova Radka , McCarthy Jane , Espinase Nandorfy Damian , Likos Desireé , Schmidt Simon A.
Published: June 2023

Stuck or sluggish malolactic fermentation (MLF) can be problematic in stressful wine conditions, particularly white and sparkling base musts/wines. In these cases, knowledge of yeast-bacteria strain compatibility and the amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) a yeast strain produces are important considerations for successful MLF. Here, laboratory- and pilot-scale co-fermentations in Chardonnay were used to investigate the effect of yeast-derived SO2 on Oenococcus oeni survival. Although yeast-derived SO2 is generally inhibitory, we show that SO2 production (to approximately 65 mg/L) can be uncoupled from O. oeni survival in the early stages of co-fermentation. Bacterial survival in the presence of specific SO2-producing yeast strains was correlated with the early, transient formation of high acetaldehyde concentrations. Oenococcus oeni survival coincided with molecular SO2 concentrations remaining below an extremely low threshold of inhibition, which exponentially increased from approximately 3–6 µg/L in the first three days of co-fermentation. Strain-dependent sensitivity of O. oeni to bound SO2 remains a possibility, although the extent and mechanism of such inhibition by the SO2 adduct during co-fermentation remain unclear. The choice of co-inoculation yeast strain also influenced wine diacetyl concentration, which was only detected in wines co-inoculated with high SO2-producing S. cerevisiae strains. The wines with high diacetyl concentrations were found to be distinct by a sensory panel, with comparatively high citation frequency for a buttery sensory attribute. Both the SO2- and acetaldehyde production capacity of yeasts are, therefore, seen as meaningful co-inoculation selection criteria. The range of yeast strains suitable for MLF induction by co-inoculation could be widened to include SO2-producing strains that transiently produce an early, high concentration of acetaldehyde. The effects of low, equilibrium concentrations of molecular SO2 should also be considered in conjunction with total SO2 as a measure of SO2 toxicity towards O. oeni following co-inoculation.
دور فقه الأقليات المسلمة في تطوّر الإسلام في نيجيريا
Authors: Usman Jaja Bashiru Usman Jaja , Dzulkifli Hadi Imawan
Published: June 2023

بسمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ، ٱلحَمدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلعَٰلَمِينَ ٱلرَّحمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ، هذا البحث موجز عن دور فقه الأقليات المسلمة في تقدم الإسلام في نيجيريا. ففقه الأقليات مما تمسّ فيه الحاجة في العالم الإسلامي اليوم. وهذا العلم ليس جديدا بالنسبة للنشئة وإن كان جديدا بالنسبة إلى كونه علما مستقلاّ. ولم يختلف هذا العلم عن المصادر الأساسية للشريعة الإسلامية، وهو كغيره لكنه يميل إلى جانب التيسير وقد جعل الله اليسر ورفع عنه الحرج في الإسلام. وكذلك فيه أسلوب الدعوة الإسلامية من التدرج. فنيجيريا دولة كان استقلالها من إنكلترا، وهي متحدة رغم أن فيها أديان وقبائل مختلفة، و في مدنها توجد ما هي أصلها مسلمة وما هي نصرانية وكذلك توجد مختلطة الأديان؛  فلذلك تجد مدينة من مدائنها إذا ذُكرت قد يقال أنها مدينة لقوم متدينين بدين كذا أو لقبيلة كذا؛ وهي دولة آخذة بنظام الدمقراطية، وقد أجاز لهم القانون الدستوري أن ينضموا فيه نظاما يرضونه، حتى وجد بعض المدائن قد طبقوا الشريعة الإسلامية في عصر رئاسة حاكم من حكماء هذه الدولة رغم أنه ليس مسلما. وإن دلّ ذلك على شيء فإنما يدلّ على دور فقه الأقليات فيها. ثم إن هذا البحث نظر معنى "الأقليات المسلمة" من جانب غير جانب المعهود به في معناه، وهو أن مجتمعا إسلاميا قد يكون أقلية وإن كان المسلمون هم الأغلب فيه لسبب من الأسباب.
الكلمات الرئيسية: الأقليات، فقه، نيجيريا والإسلام، الأمة الإسلامية
Evaluation of Deformable Image Registration Algorithms in Computed Tomography of Head and Neck Cancer: Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Kang Houn , Kang Young Nam
Published: June 2023

.Purpose: This paper presents a comparative analysis of state-of-the-art DIR algorithms in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) radiation therapy.

Materials and Methods: We used a dataset of head and neck cancer patients within the Cancer Image Archive, which includes 31 patients with 3D CT image data from pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment stages of radiotherapy. We applied DIR algorithms to two datasets, one for pre-treatment to mid-treatment registration and another for mid-treatment to post-treatment registration, by aligning one CT image to another CT image. To quantitatively analyze the patient data, we focused on the spinal cord, optic nerve, brain stem, cochlea, and PTV as the OAR datasets. To verify the DIR algorithm, we used two non-learning-based methods, SyN and NiftyReg, as well as three deep learning-based methods, Voxelmorph, Cyclemorph, and Transmorph. We trained a deep learning model by adjusting the ratio of the training dataset, validation dataset, and test dataset to 7:1:2.

Results: The average DSCs of SyN and NiftyReg, the non-learning-based methods, were 0.74±0.06 and 0.70±0.12, respectively. The deep learning-based methods, Voxelmorph, Cyclemorph, and Transmorph, had average DSCs of 0.72±0.08, 0.68±0.11, and 0.69±0.13, respectively. The deep learning DIR algorithm produced transformed outputs of OAR/PTV in a shorter time than other models, including commercial and conventional mathematical algorithms (At Inference(sec/images), Voxelmorph: 0.36, Cyclemorph: 0.3, Transmorph: 5.1, SyN: 140, NiftyReg: 40.2).

Conclusions: In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive comparison of commercial DIR algorithms with traditional and deep learning-based DIR methods. Our results demonstrate that commercial DIR algorithms outperform traditional DIR methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency. However, we also show that deep learning-based DIR methods have the potential to achieve similar performance to commercial algorithms with proper training and optimization. Our findings suggest that both commercial and deep learning-based DIR methods have their respective advantages and limitations, and the choice of method should depend on the specific requirements of the clinical application. Overall, our study contributes to ongoing efforts to improve the accuracy and efficiency of DIR methods for better patient outcomes.
Solving the Problem of Reducing the Audiences’ Favor Towards an Educational Institution by Using a Combination of Hard and Soft Operations Research Approaches
Authors: Wenjing Xu , Edalatpanah Seyyed Ahmad , Sorourkhah Ali
Published: June 2023

Because of hyper complexity, difficulty to define, multiple stakeholders with conflicting perspectives, and lack of clear-cut solutions, wicked problems necessitate innovative and adaptive strategies. Operations Research has been a valuable tool for managers to make informed decisions for years. However, as we face increasingly complex and messy problems, it has become apparent that relying solely on either hard or soft OR approaches is no longer sufficient. We need to explore more innovative methodologies to address these wicked problems effectively. This study has bridged the research gap by proposing a structured process encompassing a subdivision-based problem structuring method for defining the wicked problem, a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) for prioritizing sub-problems, and a hard OR technique, data envelopment analysis (DEA) for tackling one of the most critical sub-divisions. The proposed methodology, implemented in a case study, focuses on a higher education institution experiencing a decline in student admissions and involves five steps. First, a diverse group of stakeholders is formed to ensure comprehensive consideration of perspectives. Second, the wicked problem is defined, considering long-term consequences, multiple stakeholders, and qualitative stakeholder opinions. Third, a hierarchical structure is created to break down the wicked problem into manageable sub-problems. Fourth, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method prioritizes sub-problems. Finally, the sub-problems are addressed one by one using a combination of soft and hard OR tools. The findings highlight the benefits of integrating hard and soft OR approaches. The article concludes with reflections on the implications of using a combined OR approach to tackle wicked problems in higher education and beyond.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ACETONE EXTRACT OF CLEOME GYNANDRA (L.) GROWING IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA.
Authors: Sowunmi Linda Ifeanyichukwu , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: June 2023

Background: Several wild vegetables have been reported for their therapeutic benefits in South Africa. Many of these plants including Cleome gynandra (L.) lack scientific reports on its significance in folkloric medicine. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate quantitatively the compositions of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of acetone extract of different parts of C. gynandra.

Materials and Method: Antioxidant activities were assessed against ferric reducing power, ABTS (2, 2’- azino-bis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, DPPH (1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and NO (nitric oxide) radical scavenging activities. Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, tannins, saponins and alkaloids were also investigated.

Results: Amongst the different plant parts, the leaf extract had the highest concentration of total phenolics (126.79 ± 0.55 mg/g), flavonoids (40.58 ± 0.06 mg/g) and flavanols (42.41 ± 0.05 mg/g) while the stem extract had the highest amount of proanthocyanidins (419.01 ± 0.67 mg/g) compared to the leaves (403.29 ± 0.89 mg/g) and fruits (107.18 ± 0.59 mg/g). The reducing power of the extracts was significantly higher than that of the standard drugs used in a concentration dependent manner. The activities of the plant extracts against ABTS, DPPH and NO radicals were dose responsive with IC50 value of 0.2, 0.1 and 0.03 mg/g respectively.

Conclusion: C. gynandra possesses high secondary metabolites which accounts for its strong antioxidant ability thus justifying its use as natural occurring antioxidants in folkloric medicine. The study encourages a regular consumption of this wild vegetable in order to avert oxidative stress related diseases.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR TREATING NEURO DEGENARATIVE DISEASE
Authors: Shahat Abdelaaty Abdelaziz , Ibrahim Abeer Y. , Ezzeldin Essam , Alsaid Mansour S.
Published: June 2023

Background: Numerous plants in traditional practices of medicine have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other memory related disorders.

Materials and Methods: We present here the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the aqueous methanol extracts of five traditional medicinal plants. Citrullus colocynthis, Emex spinosa, Rhazya stricta, Scrophularia hypericifolia and Caylusea hexagyna extracts were tested for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect ant their antioxidant effect at different concentrations.

Results: Citrullus colocynthis and Emex spinosa inhibited acetylthiocholinesterase at 400 µg/ ml by 83.54 and 81.92%. Emex spinosa and Scrophularia hypericifolia produced the maximum effect as DPPH radical scavenger (IC50= 10.89 and 11.88µg/ ml, respectively).

Scrophularia hypericifolia showed the highest effect as superoxide radical scavenger (IC50= 20.83 µg/ ml)also it produced the highest ability to scavenge hydrogenperoxide radicals (IC50= 8.66 µg/ ml) while Emex spinosa and Caylusea hexagyna showed least IC50 for ferrous ion chelation (IC50≈15 µg/ ml) with powerful reduction capability.

Conclusion:The determined antioxidant properties magnified the total antioxidant effect determined by ABTS assay that completely inhibited lipidperoxidation at 200 µg/ ml.
SCREENING FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS DERIVED FROM MEXICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Camacho-Corona Maria del Rayo , GarcÃ­a Abraham , Mata-CÃ¡rdenas Benito D. , Garza-GonzÃ¡lez Elvira , Ibarra-Alvarado Cesar , Rojas-Molina Alejandra , Rojas-Molina Isela , Bah Moustapha , Zavala-SÃ¡nchez Miguel Angel , PÃ©rez-GutiÃ©rrez Salud
Published: June 2023

Background: Crataegus mexicana, Hyptis albida, Larrea tridentata, Ocimum baislicum, Prunus serotina, and Smilax spp. are used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases such as flu, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, and other parasitic or microbial infections. Therefore this study was aimed at the pharmacological prospection of these plants against eleven bacterial species and three amitochondrial protist pathogens.

Material and methods: The fruits or aerial parts of C. mexicana, H. albida, L. tridentata, O. baislicum, P. serotina, and Smilax spp. were extracted with different solvents. The antibacterial properties of organic and aqueous extracts of these plants were determined by the microdilution method and the microplate alamar blue assay against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas anti-protozoal activities of extracts were evaluated by a vial micro-assay against strains of Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia lamblia.

Results: H. albida, Smilax spp, and C. mexicana showed good activity against the Gram-positive strains, S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and E. faecalis. Four extracts (C. mexicana, H. albida, O. basilicum, and L. tridentata) showed good activity against E. histolytica, T. vaginalis, and G. lamblia.

Conclusion: The extracts of these six medicinal plants could be a source for new antibacterial and antiprotozoal drugs. For this reason they are currently under investigation to isolate and characterize their active compounds.
IN VİTRO ANTİTUMOR EFFECTS OF A NEW CULTİVAR (GÜRARSLAN) OF TRİGONELLA FOENUM GRAECUM L.
Authors: Gumushan Aktas Hatice , Altun Seyhan
Published: June 2023

Background: The main goals of our study were as follows: (1) to investigate whether the methanolic extract of the new cultivar (Gürarslan) of Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds exhibit antiproliferative effects on the HeLa human cervix carcinoma, Mat-LyLu rat prostate carcinoma and 3T3 embryonic mouse fibroblast cell lines, (2) to determine how mitosis and DNA synthesis are affected in cancer cells by the extract, and (3) to observe the changes in cell morphology after treatment with the extract.

Materials and Methods: The effect on cell proliferation of these extracts was detected by using methyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Mitotic index and labelling index was determined using the Feulgen staining and autoradiography methods, respectively.

Results: Our findings show that the methanolic extract of T. foenum graecum seeds might have antiproliferative properties on the cancer cell lines only, but not on the 3T3 embryonic mouse fibroblast cell line.

Conclusion: Our data show that the new variety of T. foenum graecum may have antitumoral properties.
ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF GALL OF PISTACIA ATLANTICA DESF. FROM ALGERIA
Authors: Ibrahim Sifi , Dzoyem J P , Mohamed Ouinten , Mohamed Yousfi , Lyndy McGaw J. , Jacobus Eloff N.
Published: June 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the antimycobacterial, antioxidant and the cytotoxic activities of the essential oil from the gall part of Pistacia atlantica Desf from Algeria.

Materials and Methods: The antimycobacterial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method against three species of mycobacteria: Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Antioxidant activity was determined using free-radical scavenging assays. The safety of essential oil was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on C3A and Vero monkey kidney cells.

Results: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.16 to 2.5 mg/mL with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 0.62 to >2.5 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity showed IC50 values ranged between 417.61 - >2000µg/mL and 495.6 - >2000µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assay respectively. The cytotoxicity assay showed LC50 ranged between 26.47 to 93.64 µg/mL against Vero cells and 74.29 to 225.40 µg/mL against C3A. The results of this study show that the essential oils from the gall of P. atlantica have low toxicity and moderate activity against fast growing M. smegmatis and M. aurum.

Conclusion: These results substantiate their potential as used in the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. This finding is predictive of their activity against M. tuberculosis, therefore, further study might be considered to investigate the activity against pathogenic Mycobacterium strains.
PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA MANAGED WITH ACUPRESSURE OF NEI-GUAN (PC6): THE REPORT OF A CASE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Chou Pei-Chi , Chu Heng-Yi
Published: June 2023

Background: We described a 75-year-old man with a history of recurrent attacks of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The patient presented to the emergency department (ED) with complaints of palpitations and chest tightness. Vagal stimulation maneuvers failed to convert the rhythm

Materials and Methods: Acupressure was applied on Nei-Guan (PC6).

Results: Acupressure applied on PC6 immediately converted the tachycardia to a normal sinus rhythm, thus successfully terminated an episode of PSVT complicated with hypotension and chest pain in the patient reported

Conclusion: Acupressure of PC6 is easy to perform and safe, and can be done when other resuscitative measures are ongoing the same time. It is harmless and appropriate for certain groups of patients such as the elderly, children and pregnant women and worth trying before the administration of medication.
DETERMİNATİON OF VOLATİLE COMPOUNDS OF THE FIRST ROSE OİL AND THE FİRST ROSE WATER BY HS-SPME/GC/MS TECHNİQUES
Authors: Koksal Nezihe , Saribas Rafet , Kafkas Ebru , Aslancan Hasan , Sadighazadi Said
Published: June 2023

Background: Rose water and rose oil are used in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The determination of volatile

compounds in rose oil and rose water obtained from oil-bearing rose is highly important in terms of availability in the industry and in human

health.

Materials and Methods: Thus, in this study, volatile compounds in the first rose oil and first rose water have been determined by HS-

SPME/GC/MS (Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction/Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) techniques which were not published

previously for determining volatile compounds in rose oil and rose water. Twenty four and twenty six volatile compounds were determined in

the first rose oil and in the first rose water, respectively.

Results: It was further discovered that both first rose oil and first rose water are rich in oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with a

third group of volatile compounds known as aliphatic hydrocarbons being found only in first rose oil. Citronellol contents of the first rose oil and

rose water were found to be 43.40% and 40.13% respectively, whereas geraniol contents were 11.81% and 15.97%, respectively.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that HS-SPME/GC/MS is a suitable technique for the determination of volatile compounds of rose oil and

rose water.
PREVENTING EFFECT ON DIET-INDUCED OBESITY OFWATER-EXTRACT FROM MASSON PINE POLLEN ON MICE
Authors: Geng Yue , Zhang Han , Song Hang , Zhang Lian , Xu Jimin , Liu Ming , Chen Shanjhan , Han Lirong
Published: June 2023

Background: In order to investigate the preventing effect of water-extract from masson pine pollen (PWE) on obesity in mice.

Materials and Methods: Sixty male KM mice (bodyweight was 19±1g) were divided randomly into six groups: normal control group (NC),

high fat group (FC), positive control group (Orlistat, 0.05g/kg bw·d, PC), low-dose PWE group (0.0625g/kg bw·d, PWEL), medium-dose group

(0.125g/kg bw·d, PWEM) and high-dose group (0.25g/kg bw·d, PWEH). Mice were treated by intragastric administration daily for 6 weeks.

Results: The body weight changes of three PWE groups decreased obviously. In serum, TC of PWEH group reduced remarkably (P
PROFITABILITAS, TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN DAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PERUSAHAAN OTOMOTIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Solihah Eha , Sihono Agus
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh profitabilitas, tata kelola perusahaan dan tingkat utang terhadap penghindaran pajak. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel terhadap data sekunder laporan tahunan 7 perusahaan otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan periode penelitian tahun 2017-2021. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan direktur independen, kepemilikan institusional dan kualitas audit berpengaruh negative. Selanjutnya, tingkat utang tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak. Implikasi dari penelitian ini memberikan masukan pada pemegang saham pentinya penguatan tata kelola perusahaan dalam rangka memitigasi tindakan berisiko yang dilakukan oleh manager melalui penghindaran pajak. Selain itu, memastikan bahwa keuntungan yang diperoleh perusahaan bukan diperoleh dari tindakan yang bertentangan dengan peraturan berupa penghindaran pajak.

 

 

ABSTRACT

This study examines the effect of profitability, corporate governance and leverage on tax avoidance. The purposive sampling method was used for sampling secondary data on the annual reports of 7 automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with the 2017-2021 research period. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings in this study indicate that profitability has a positive effect on tax avoidance, while independent directors, institutional ownership and audit quality have a negative effect. Furthermore, leverage have no effect on tax avoidance. The implications of this study provide input to shareholders about the importance of strengthening corporate governance in order to mitigate risky actions taken by managers through tax avoidance. In addition, ensuring that the profits obtained by the company are not obtained from actions that are contrary to regulations in the form of tax avoidance.
The Authority to Discipline the Public Employee between the Administration and the Judiciary
Authors: Hussein Salma Gadban , Hamood Husham Mohammed
Published: June 2023

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of disciplinary authorities in public employment, focusing on the diverse factors influencing their establishment and functioning. The study examines the impact of social, political, and economic factors on the choice of disciplinary authority, ranging from administrative bodies to the judiciary. By analyzing various legislations and their associated disciplinary systems, the article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The research emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between protecting employees' rights and ensuring effective disciplinary measures. Additionally, it stresses the significance of aligning the chosen disciplinary system with the prevailing social, economic, and political conditions. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for periodic evaluation of disciplinary systems to ensure their efficacy and the preservation of public job interests. The findings and implications presented in this article provide valuable insights for policymakers, legal experts, and professionals in the field of public employment, encouraging informed decision-making and promoting effective disciplinary practices.

Highlights : 

The article explores the factors influencing the establishment of disciplinary authorities in public employment, considering social, political, and economic factors.

It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different disciplinary systems, including administrative bodies and the judiciary.

The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between protecting employees' rights and ensuring effective disciplinary measures.

Keywords : Disciplinary Authorities, Public Employment, Administrative Bodies, Judiciary, Effective Disciplinary Practices
High-Purity Quartzite from East Sayan
Authors: Nepomnyashchikh A.I. , Fedorov A.M. , Zhaboedov A.P. , Volkova M.G.
Published: June 2023

—We consider high-purity quartzites of the Gargan quartz-bearing zone of East Sayan. The main productive varieties of quartzites have been identified. The structures, textures, chemical composition, and degree of enrichment of the quartzites and the mineral and fluid inclusions in them have been studied. Quartz concentrates of high and ultrahigh purity have been obtained from superquartzite and compact quartzite.
Effects of fructose epimerson blood lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Xu Cuiju , Chen Shanbin , Du Fangling , Zong Aizhen , Xu Tongcheng , You Yanli
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials assess the effects of fructose epimers on blood lipids, including high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA). PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of science databases were retrieved up to March 2023. A total of 11 trials including 640 participants were eligible, although all the trials were not at low risk of bias. Data were pooled with weighted mean differences (WMD). The combined data revealed that single dose D-allulose intervention notably increased postprandial FFA levels (WMD=0.11 mEq/L; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.12; P < 0.001) but no significant effect on postprandial TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. Daily intervention of D-allulose significantly amplified fasting TC (WMD=6.81 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.25 to 13.37; P = 0.042), LDL-C (WMD=7.42 mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.73 to 13.12; P = 0.011) and FFA (WMD=0.03 mEq/L; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P = 0.002). D-tagatose showed no significant effect on fasting or postprandial lipid profiles. These results implied that fructose epimers intake elicited a modest impairment in blood lipid homeostasis. Nonetheless, additional long-term randomized controlled trials with stronger designs are necessary to reiterate and maintain the validity of these effects.