bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMODELAN FLUKTUASI MUKA AIR TANAH UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENGELOLAAN AIR PADA PERTANIAN LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT TIPE A/B
Authors: Ngudiantoro  , Hidayat Pawitan  , Muhammad Ardiansyah  , M Yanuar J. Purwanto  , Settings Robiyanto H. Susanto
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this research are to develop a model of water table fluctuation on tidal lowland area of A/B type. The results of the research are expected to support of the agricultural development on tidal lowland area, especially on water management, because the water management play an important role in the agricultural on tidal lowland area. The water table on tidal lowland area fluctuates according to space and time. The water table controls at a certain depth can support the plant growth and the pyrite oxidation restraint. The model of water table fluctuation which is developed in this research based on the ellipse concept. The research was conducted on the reclamation area of tidal lowland at the fourth tertiary block in P8-12S Delta Telang I, Banyuasin district, South Sumatra province. The simulations of model show good result of estimating the depth of water table on tidal lowland area of A/B type. The proportion of variation the depth of water table which can be explained by model that is 89,6% up to 95,5% with standard error of the estimate is 0,021-0,035 meters. The parameter of the water level in the tertiary canals has high sensitivity to the model.
PENGGUNAAN METODE ARIMA DALAM MERAMAL PERGERAKAN INFLASI
Authors: Hartati Hartati
Published: April 2020

Inflation is a problem which haunts the economy of each country. Its development is which continually increasing make a drag on economic growth to a better direction. Inflation tends to occur in developing countries like Indonesia which is an agricultural country. To overcome the instability of inflation, one way to do is to predict the time series data. Methods Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) has the ability to capture the necessary information about the wood as well as able to cope with the instability of inflation of inflation. This is because ARIMA is a method of forecasting time series are suited to predict the number of variables in a fast, simple, inexpensive, accurate, and only requires the data variables to be predicted.

Inflasi merupakan suatu masalah yang menghantui perekonomian setiap negara. Perkembangannya yang terus-menerus mengalami peningkatan menjadi hambatan pada pertumbuhan ekonomi ke arah yang lebih baik. Perubahan laju inflasi cenderung terjadi pada negara-negara berkembang seperti halnya Indonesia yang merupakan negara agraris. Untuk menanggulangi terjadinya ketidakstabilan laju inflasi, salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan meramalkan data time series. Metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) memiliki kemampuan untuk menangkap informasi-informasi yang diperlukan mengenai laju inflasi serta mampu menanggulangi ketidakstabilan dari laju inflasi. Hal ini dikarenakan ARIMA merupakan suatu metode peramalan time series yang cocok digunakan untuk meramal sejumlah variabel secara cepat, sederhana, murah, dan akurat serta hanya membutuhkan data variabel yang akan diramal.
PERAN KELUARGA DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH KOTA PALANGKA RAYA DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Wijaya Dody Ariyantho Kusma
Published: April 2020

This research study the role of Family and Government Policy of Palangka Raya in Household Waste Managementin order to see whowas the most responsible for decision-makers in the process of waste management in households, and examines the role of families in the process of waste management before disposal into the trash. Data collection was done through observation and interview on the studied variables. The research was conducted in the district of Pahandut, district of Jekan Raya and district of Sebangau Palangka Raya in April till June 2011. The Source of data or respondents in the research community is engaged in managing and disposing of garbage. The community  is a society of each chosen houshold. Sampling was done purposively stratified. The results showed that the head of the family was instrumental in the process of garbage disposal. Garbage disposal decision makers is the father of 68.9% (31 respondents) and the mothers of 31,1% (14 respondents). In the waste management at household level was the comparison between wet waste and dry waste that is equal to ⅓ most was 54% (7 respondents. This indicates that the household waste produced is a dry waste.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran keluarga dan kebijakan pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga agar dapat melihat siapa yang paling berperan sebagai pengambil keputusan dalam proses pengelolaan sampah di dalam rumah tangga, serta mengkaji peranan keluarga dalam proses pengelolaan sampah sebelum dibuang ke tempat sampah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan atau observasi (observation) dan wawancara (interview) terhadap variabel yang diteliti. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Pahandut, Kecamatan Jekan Raya dan Kecamatan Sebangau Kota Palangka Raya pada bulan April hingga bulan Juni 2011. Sumber data atau responden dalam penelitian adalah masyarakat yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pengelolaan dan pembuangan sampah. Masyarakat yang dimaksud adalah masyarakat dari masing-masing rumah tangga terpilih. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive berstrata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala keluarga sangat berperan dalam proses pembuangan sampah, pengambil keputusan pembuangan sampah adalah Bapak sebesar 68,9% (31 responden) dan Ibu sebesar 31,1% (14 responden), Dalam pengelolaan sampah di tingkat rumah tangga ternyata perbandingan antara sampah basah dan sampah kering terbanyak adalah ⅓ yaitu sebesar 54% (7 responden). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sampah rumah tangga yang dihasilkan adalah berupa sampah kering.
KOREKSI GAYA GRAVITASI DAN EFEK GRAVITOELEKTROMAGNETISME BERDASARKAN ENTROPI GRAVITASI KUANTUM
Authors: Tiandho Yuant
Published: April 2020

In  the weak-field limit condition, the gravitational force has a form that is analogous to the electromagnetic force. So that by using the analogy, we may propose the formula that called as gravitoelectromagnetism effect. Like the electromagnetic field, the gravity also predicted to has gravitoelectric field and gravitomagnetic field. In this paper we derive the expression of gravitational force as the entropic force according to correction of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) in the study of quantum gravity. Newton's gravitational force arise naturally due to the change of information (entropy) of a holographic screen that produced by object with mass M and it can be detected by other object which has mass m. From the formulation of gravity that we obtain, it appears that in the surrounding of object with mass M can be found the additional mass density which is indicated as a quantum foam. So according to the indications we calculate the gravitoelectric field and the gravitomagnetic field of the rotating object and we found that the result also influenced by the quantum fluctuations.

 

Pada kondisi medan lemah gaya gravitasi memiliki bentuk yang analogi dengan gaya elektromagnetik, sehingga melalui analogi tersebut dapat diajukan suatu rumusan yang disebut dengan efek gravitoelektromagnetisme. Layaknya medan elektromagnetik, gravitasi juga diprediksi memiliki medan gravitoelektrik dan medan gravitomagnetik. Di dalam artikel ini penulis mencoba menurunkan ungkapan gaya gravitasi sebagai gaya entropik berdasarkan koreksi dari generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) sesuai kajian gravitasi kuantum. Gaya gravitasi Newton muncul secara alami karena adanya perubahan informasi (entropi) dari layar holografik yang dihasilkan oleh objek bermassa M dan terdeteksi oleh objek lain yang bermassa m. Dari rumusan gaya gravitasi yang diperoleh tampak bahwa di sekitar objek bermassa M terdapat densitas massa tambahan yang dapat dipandang sebagai quantum foam. Dengan adanya indikasi tersebut penulis menghitung medan gravitoelektrik dan gravitomagnetik pada objek yang berotasi dan ternyata kedua medan yang dihasilkan juga dipengaruhi oleh adanya fluktuasi kuantum.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KITOSAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KERUPUK GENDAR
Authors: Astuti Beti Cahyaning
Published: April 2020

Rice cracker is a local crispy snack made of cooked rice as the main component and traditionally bleng as an additive that function as a thickening agent. However, bleng contains borax, an element which is harmful for human health. This research was important to substitute the role of bleng as a thickening agent. The objective of this research were to evaluate the effect of chitosan addition on physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of fried rice cracker. Based on thephysical analysis ofunfolding rice cracker was 28,970-45,487% and oil adsorption  was24,406-40,925%. Based on the chemical analysis of the content of waterrice cracker 1,275-1,986%; ash content of 0,311-1,775%; fat 31,511-33,508%; proteins 4,185-6,250%; carbohydrates 58,546-59,744%. Organoleptic test to color and taste of the fried rice cracker gave the significant results on all treatments.

 

Kerupuk gendar merupakan produk makanan ringan yang terbuat dari bahan dasar beras dengan bahan tambahan bleng yang berfungsi sebagai agen pengenyal. Namun, bleng mengandung boraks, unsur yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan kitosan sebagai pengganti bleng pada karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik kerupuk gendar. Berdasarkan analisis fisik kerupuk gendar goreng diketahui daya kembang sebesar 28,970-45,487% dan daya serap minyak sebesar 24,406-40,925%. Berdasarkan analisis kimia kerupuk gendar goreng diketahui kadar air 1,275- 1,986%; kadar abu 0,311-1,775%; lemak 31,511-33,508%; protein 4,185-6,250%; dan karbohidrat 58,546-59,744%. Hasil analisis sensori kerupuk gendar goreng berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna dan rasa.
PENGARUH PENGEMASAN DAN PELABELAN PADA PENERIMAAN MI KERING BERBAHAN BAKU TEPUNG KOMPOSIT UBIJALAR DAN KELADI
Authors: Anggraeni Elisabeth Dian Adi
Published: April 2020

Introduction of sweet potato and taro composite flours-based dried noodle productionwas conducted in Pelaga, Badung, Bali since 2013. Initial analysis found that dried noodle made from 70% wheat flour and 30% composite flours (80% taro flour and 20% sweet potato flour) was preferedbyrespondents. Minimum selling price for a pack of 200 grams was IDR 8,124.81, with R/C ratio was 1.30. The product packaged with special design and set with the brand name of ‘Labi Mie’ then was introduced to consumers in order to determine their acceptanceto the product. The study involved 32 respondents. Data was collected from semi-open questionnaires then analysed with a simply descriptive qualitative. Consumers stated that the information of expired date and net weight (75.00%) as well as nutrition fact (34.38%) were unclear. Then 68.75% consumers had no intention to buy the product with the reason of high price (50.00%) and unattractive(27.27%). The price of IDR 8,500 was considered too expensive by consumers. It should be less or equal to IDR 8,000.00 (87.50%). Only 6.25% consumers answered that reasonable price could be higher than minimum selling price. It should be admitted that these study results were still far from the expectation. However, it is a valuable input for farmers in developing their product in market.

 

Introduksi produksi mi kering berbahan baku tepung komposit ubijalar dan keladi dilaksanakan di Pelaga, Badung, Bali sejak 2013. Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa mi kering yang dibuat dari 70% tepung terigu dan 30% tepung komposit dengan perbandingan 80% tepung keladi dan 20% tepung ubijalar disukai oleh panelis. Harga jual minimum untuk mi kering kemasan 200 gram adalah Rp 8.124,81 dengan R/C rasio 1,30. Produk mi dikemas dengan desain khusus dan diberi label nama “Labi Mie” kemudian diperkenalkan kepada konsumen untuk mengetahui tingkat penerimaan mereka terhadap produk. Studi melibatkan 32 orang responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner semi-terbuka, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif sederhana. Konsumen menyatakan bahwa informasi tanggal kadaluwarsa danberat bersih produk tidak jelas (75+,00%), demikian juga daftar kandungan gizi (34,38+%). Sebanyak 68,75+ % konsumen menyatakan tidak berminat membeli produk karena alasan harga mahal (50,00%) dan produk tidak menarik (27,27 +%). Harga jual sebesar Rp 8.500 per kemasan 200 gram dinilai konsumen terlalu mahal. Harga jual seharusnya kurang atau sama dengan Rp 8.000 (87,50+%). Hanya 6,25+% konsumen yang menjawab bahwa harga yang pantas untuk produk adalah lebih tinggi dari harga jual minimum. Harus diakui bahwa hasil studi masih jauh dari perkiraan; namun hal tersebut dapat menjadi masukan bagi petani dalam mengembangkan produknya di pasaran.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea Mays L. Saccharata Sturt) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN KOTORAN AYAM DAN GUANO WALET PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN
Authors: Hariyadi Hariyadi
Published: April 2020

The experiment aimed at investigating the effect of chicken manure and swallow guano and the interaction of both on sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.) plated onraised-bog peatlend. The experiment used a group-randomized design (GRD) 2 factors: chicken dung and swallow guano having the same three levels (A1=5 t ha-1; A2=10 t ha-1; A3=15 t ha-1). Parameter to observe was the plant height and the plant leave area. The result showed that the single use of swallow guano and chicken manure had significant effect on the plant height and the plant leave area. The best use of swallow guano was at a dose of 15 t ha-1and the best use of chicken manure was at a dose of 10 t ha-1. The best combination was at a dose of 15 t ha-1of swallow guano and 10 t ha-1of chicken manure.

 

Percobaan ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberianpupuk kandang kotoran ayam dan guano walet serta interaksinya terhadapJagung Manis (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.) yang ditanam pada Tanah Gambut Pedalaman. Percobaan dilakukan denganrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 2 faktor yaitu pupuk kandang kotoran ayam dan pupuk guano walet masing-masing dengan 3 taraf yang sama (A1/W1= 5 t ha-1; A2/W2=10 t ha-1; A3/W3=15 t ha-1). Peubahyang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman dan luas daun tanaman jagung manis. Hasilenunjukkan bahwa pemberian tunggal pupuk guano walet dan pupuk kotoran ayam  berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan luas daun. Dosis terbaik pupuk guano walet tunggal adalah 15 t ha-1dan dosis pupuk kotoran ayam tunggal adalah 10 t ha-1. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik didapat pada perlakuan 15 t ha-1pupuk guano walet dan 10 t ha-1 pupuk kotoran ayam.
MODEL PERAN ANTAR KELEMBAGAAN DESA DALAM PENYEDIAAN AIR BAKU MELALUI PARADIGMA KEPEDULIAN AIR (Studi Kasus Desa Bendungan, Kecamatan Ciawi, Kabupaten Bogor)
Authors: Susanto Agus , Purwanto M. Yanuar Joko , Pramudya Bambang , Riani Etty
Published: April 2020

Based on water balance and temporal water sufficiency analysis in Ciliwung Hulu watershed, it shows that Ciseuseupan sub watershed belongs toinsufficient water category. Of the 8 villages in the Ciseuseupan sub watershed, there is a Bendungan village that is not enough water category in the provision of raw water, because in the provision of raw water is still dependent on natural reliability such as rivers, springs, wells, and others. This research discusses insufficient water solutions at the village level with one of them is institutional analysis through concern of water paradigm. The method used is ISM (Interpretative Structural Model), with emphasis on 4 (four) elements structured in relation to the provision of raw water ie: (1) needs of the program, (2) the main obstacle, (3) purpose program, and (4) institutions involved in program implementation. Therefore, it is required an independent water provision expert, involving various parties. The purpose of this research is to build an institutional role model in the provision of concern of water paradigm. The results show that: to realize a new paradigm in the provision of raw water, the main constraint is quality of human resources (village officials, communities, and NGOs), which must be resolved first, so that they can participate together to build the infrastructure by adequate socialization.

 

Berdasarkan analisis neraca air dan ketercukupan air temporal DAS Ciliwung Hulu menunjukkan bahwa Sub DAS Ciseuseupan termasuk ke dalam kategori kurang cukup air dalam penyediaan air baku. Dari delapan desa yang ada di Sub DAS tersebut, Desa Bendungan merupakan salah satu desa yang ketercukupan airnya termasuk dalam kategori tidak cukup, sebab dalam penyediaan airnya masih mengandalkan alam, seperti sungai, air tanah melalui sumur, mata air, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini menjelaskan solusi ketidak cukupan di tingkat desa, dimana salah satunya adalah dengan analisis peran antar kelembagaan melalui paradigma kepedulian air. Metode yang digunakan adalah ISM (Interpretative Structural Model), yang menekankan pada empat elemen yang berhubungan dengan penyediaan air baku, yaitu: (1) kebutuhan program, (2) kendala utama, (3) tujuan program, dan (4) lembaga yang terkait dengan program. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan ahli penyediaan air mandiri, yang melibatkan berbagai pihak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membangun struktur model kelembagaan penyediaan air baku melalui paradigma kepedulian air. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: untuk merealisasikan paradigma baru di dalam penyediaan air baku,kendala utamanya adalah kualitas sumber daya manusia (aparat desa, masyarakat, dan LSM) yang harus diatasi terlebih dahulu agar mereka dapat berpartisipasi bersama-sama untuk membangun infrastruktur air melalui sosialisasi yang memadai.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Psychiatric Comorbidities
Authors: Araz Altay Mengühan , Görker Işık , Demirci Şipka Begüm , Bozatlı Leyla , Ataş Tuğçe
Published: April 2020

Aim: This study aims to obtain current information on the clinical features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases, comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychiatric drug use.
Methods: All patients between the ages of 6 and 18 years who were admitted to our outpatient clinic and diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were included in the study. The files of the patients were examined and their demographic characteristics, symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses and drug profiles were recorded. The pattern of the psychiatric disorders accompanied by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases and the differences according to age and gender were analyzed. The differences were determined in patients with psychiatric comorbidity compared to those without.
Result: The mean age of the 777 patients included in the study was 11.1±2.94 and 76.6% were boys. 60.9% of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients had comorbid psychiatric disorders. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were specific learning disability (23.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (12.9%) and conduct disorder (12.1%). There was no difference between the genders in terms of the incidence of psychiatric comorbidities. The rate of psychiatric comorbidity was significantly higher in adolescents than in children. A psychotropic medication was used in 86.4% of the cases and psychotropic polypharmacy was present in 31.5%. The rate of polypharmacy was significantly higher in the group with psychiatric comorbidity.
Conclusion: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is frequently accompanied by other psychiatric disorders and the psychiatric comorbidity leads to a more complicated clinical profile. Approximately one-third of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients have psychiatric polypharmacy and these patients should be carefully monitored. Primary care physicians who are frequently confronted with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases should be careful about psychiatric comorbidities.
Keywords: Child psychiatry, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mental disorders, Family practice
Vital Tooth Bleaching On Fluorosed Teeth-Case Reports
Authors: Astekar Deepa , Vagarali Hemant , Pujar Madhu , Uppin Veerendra , Kittur Manjula
Published: April 2020

The teeth are an integral part of facial aesthetics and are involved in a complex social, cultural and psychological interaction. Discolouration of tooth is a common aesthetic problem caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic factor. For people with severe discolourations, bleaching can be an important and valuable treatment. In-office bleaching is one of the most requested procedures in many dental offices, a great way to get a fast and immediate change in the colour of their teeth. The normal colour of such a tooth can be restored by decolourizing the stain with a powerful oxidizing agent such as 35% hydrogen peroxide which is directly placed on the labial surfaces of the tooth to be treated.The bleaching agent is commercially available in the form of a gel.These case reports reflect the remarkable change of tooth colour by in-office bleaching.

Key Words : Bleaching agents; Fluorosis; Hydrogen peroxide.
UAV Detection of Sinapis arvensis Infestation in Alfalfa Plots Using Simple Vegetation Indices from Conventional Digital Cameras
Authors: Sánchez-Sastre Luis Fernando , Casterad Mª Auxiliadora , Guillén Mónica , Ruiz-Potosme Norlan Miguel , Veiga Nuno M. S. Alte da , Navas-Gracia Luis Manuel , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: April 2020

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer excellent survey capabilities at low cost to provide farmers with information about the type and distribution of weeds in their fields. In this study, the problem of detecting the infestation of a typical weed (charlock mustard) in an alfalfa crop has been addressed using conventional digital cameras installed on a lightweight UAV to compare RGB-based indices with the widely used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index. The simple (R−B)/(R+B) and (R−B)/(R+B+G) vegetation indices allowed one to easily discern the yellow weed from the green crop. Moreover, they avoided the potential confusion of weeds with soil observed for the NDVI index. The small overestimation detected in the weed identification when the RGB indices were used could be easily reduced by using them in conjunction with NDVI. The proposed methodology may be used in the generation of weed cover maps for alfalfa, which may then be translated into site-specific herbicide treatment maps.
Aerodynamic Investigation of Datum and Slotted Blade Profiles under Different Mach Number Conditions
Authors: Tang Yumeng , Liu Yangwei
Published: April 2020

Mach number effects on loss and loading are evaluated in both the datum and slotted compressor profiles under a wide range of incidences based on two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. First, total pressure loss and loading abilities are compared. Then, three kinds of deficit thickness are defined and evaluated, and a correlation is made between the loading and the momentum deficit thickness at the profile trailing edge. Finally, the nondimensionalized destruction of mean mechanical energy and dissipation function are employed to analyze the loss mechanism. The slotted profile broadens the low loss range towards the positive incidence range. The slotted profile allows a higher diffusion factor (DF) than the datum profile. It is hard to distinguish failure simply based on the DF values, whereas the Zweifel loading coefficient connects well with the low momentum deficit in the profile trailing edge. The peak of the V-shaped distributions in the Ψ - θ d e f plot could better suggest the design condition and determine the correct operating range despite the occurrence of bulk separation. The slotted profile gains the ability of the boundary layer flow near the suction surface to resist the adverse pressure gradient, hence, a reduced shear thickness and a uniformed downstream flow field is obtained.
Establishing Boundary Conditions Considering Influence Factors of the Room Equipped with a Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel
Authors: Park Sang-Hoon , Kim Dong-Woo , Joe Goo-Sang , Ryu Seong-Ryong , Yeo Myoung-Souk , Kim Kwang-Woo
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study is to establish boundary conditions to evaluate the cooling capacity of the Cooling Radiant Ceiling Panel (CRCP) considering the environment of a room equipped with the CRCP. The current study investigated the boundary conditions and derivation techniques from previous studies. Based on the results of the analysis, a heat transfer model was derived for a room fitted with CRCP. In addition, the heat transfer model was used to derive the factors affecting the cooling capacity of the CRCP and each factor was simulated and verified through this model. The effects of these factors on the capacity of the CRCP was established by using various boundary conditions. To verify the validity of the simulation model, the experimental results were compared with the cooling capacity for a specific case. As a result, it was established that even for the same panel, there was a variance in the cooling capacity of the CRCP based on the boundary conditions and that the influence of the surface exposed to the outdoors had more implications. Consequently, this study presents the influence factors to be considered when designing CRCP.
Intraretinal Fluid Pattern Characterization in Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: de Moura Joaquim , Vidal Plácido L. , Novo Jorge , Rouco José , Penedo Manuel G. , Ortega Marcos
Published: April 2020

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has become a relevant image modality in the ophthalmological clinical practice, as it offers a detailed representation of the eye fundus. This medical imaging modality is currently one of the main means of identification and characterization of intraretinal cystoid regions, a crucial task in the diagnosis of exudative macular disease or macular edema, among the main causes of blindness in developed countries. This work presents an exhaustive analysis of intensity and texture-based descriptors for its identification and classification, using a complete set of 510 texture features, three state-of-the-art feature selection strategies, and seven representative classifier strategies. The methodology validation and the analysis were performed using an image dataset of 83 OCT scans. From these images, 1609 samples were extracted from both cystoid and non-cystoid regions. The different tested configurations provided satisfactory results, reaching a mean cross-validation test accuracy of 92.69%. The most promising feature categories identified for the issue were the Gabor filters, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), the Gray-Level Run-Length matrix (GLRL), and the Laws’ texture filters (LAWS), being consistently and considerably selected along all feature selector algorithms in the top positions of different relevance rankings.
Big Data for Natural Disasters in an Urban Railroad Neighborhood: A Systematic Review
Authors: Correia Thaís P. , Corsi Alessandra C. , Quintanilha José A.
Published: April 2020

Landslides and floods are among the most common disasters in Brazil and are responsible for losses on social, environmental, and economic scales, even resulting in deaths. Floods can negatively affect the structure and operations of a railway network, causing travel delays, train service cancellations, and major fines for the railway. The objective of this article is to conduct a bibliographic review of what is available in publications on natural disasters, particularly landslides and floods, big data techniques, and railroads, at international and national levels. A bibliometric analysis was carried out according to the “PRISMA Flow Diagram” guidelines. The analysis in this study was conducted through searches of the following reference databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and Google Scholar. After the keyword search was completed, the absence of available data and references relating to Brazil was verified. This justified the development of this and other related papers, and the efforts necessary to turn these data into useful information for the managers of cities and environmental institutions. The aim of this study is to fill the gap in the research, focusing on Brazil, related to big data, smart cities, and natural disasters (particularly, landslides and floods), and to propose other papers that can be developed in this subject area.
Securing Access to Drinking Water in North-Eastern Morocco: The Example of the Taourirt-Oujda Corridor
Authors: Jounaid Halima , Attou Taha , Remmal Toufik , Bouaziz Aimad
Published: April 2020

Taourit-Oujda corridor (T.O.C.) is a geological entity of north-eastern Morocco with a total area of 4000 Km2. The drinking water supply in this arid region still faces challenges that meet a growing demand for a shortage of fresh water. This shortage is mainly due to the scarcity and irregularity of the precipitations, the overexploitation of the water resources, and the decrease of the capacity of storage dams that are the main source of drinking water supply in this area. This work aims at estimating deficit (to 2040) for drinking water provided by Machraa Hammadi dam and proposing favourable drilling sites to strengthen drinking water supply through the identification of groundwater resources that can be used in quantity and quality. To do this, a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) covering geological, hydrogeological and hydro-chemical aspects using the Geographical Information System (GIS) was carried out. This study shows that T.O.C. aquifer is more productive in the south-west of it, in the centre near the El Aioun municipality and in the north-east at the town of Sidi Bouhouria. According to Moroccan standards, defining the quality norms of surface waters, waters destined for irrigation, and of surface waters used for the production of drinking water, the groundwater in the center and north-east areas is also with good to medium overall quality groundwater.
How Is the Intensity of Rainfall Events Best Characterised? A Brief Critical Review and Proposed New Rainfall Intensity Index for Application in the Study of Landsurface Processes
Authors: Dunkerley David
Published: April 2020

In many studies of landsurface processes, the intensity of rainfall events is expressed with clock-period indexes such as I30, the wettest 30-minute interval within a rainfall event. Problematically, the value of I30 cannot be estimated for rainfall events shorter than 30 min, excluding many intense convective storms. Further, it represents a diminishing proportion of increasingly long rainfall events, declining to <2% of the duration of a 30-hour event but representing 25% of the duration of a two-hour event. Here, a new index termed EDf5 is proposed: It is the rainfall depth in the wettest 5% of the event duration. This can be derived for events of any duration. Exploratory determinations of EDf5 are presented for two Australian locations with contrasting rainfall climatologies—one arid and one wet tropical. The I30 index was similar at both sites (7.7 and 7.9 mm h−1) and was unable to differentiate between them. In contrast, EDf5 at the arid site was 7.4 mm h−1, whilst at the wet tropical site, it was 3.8 mm h−1. Thus, the EDf5 index indicated a greater concentration of rain at the arid site where convective storms occurred (i.e., the intensity sustained for 5% of event duration at that site is higher). The EDf5 index can be applied to short, intense events that can readily be included in the analysis of event-based rainfall intensity. I30 therefore appears to offer less discriminatory power and consequently may be of less value in the investigation of rainfall characteristics that drive many important landsurface processes.
The Impacts of Electric Vehicle Growth on Wholesale Electricity Prices in Wisconsin
Authors: Zielke Megan , Brooks Adria , Nemet Gregory
Published: April 2020

This work explores the impact of the rapid growth of plug-in electric vehicles on wholesale electricity pricing. Understanding electric vehicle impacts on the grid is important for the mid- and long-range planning of transmission owners, distribution utilities, and regional system operators. Current research in electric vehicles considers technology adoption projections and the infrastructure needed to support electric vehicle growth. This work considers how projected electric vehicle growth in the State of Wisconsin would impact the transmission congestion and wholesale electricity pricing in the year 2030. We find minimal impacts on electricity prices (<2%) even under rapid growth assumptions, in which EVs comprise 5% of all vehicles in 2030. The increases seen in hourly locational marginal prices (LMPs) due to projected electric vehicle growth are, on average, less than those seen in annual changes of historic electricity prices in Wisconsin. We do find moderate, relative increases in congestion prices (+16–32%), which could provide an opportunity to align electric vehicle charging schedules with times of low transmission congestion.
A Double Helix Flux Pipe-Based Inductive Link for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hwang Young Jin , Kim Jong Myung
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a novel inductive link for wireless power transfer (WPT) system of electric vehicles (EVs). The WPT technology uses an alternating magnetic field to transfer electric power through space. The use of the WPT technology for charging electric vehicle provides an excellent alternative to the existing plug-in charging technology. It has been reported that the inductive link using planar coils such as the circular and rectangular coil are capable of transferring a high power with high efficiency. However, they have a poor tolerance for lateral misalignment, thus their power transfer efficiency decreases significantly with the misalignment. Due to the poor misalignment performance of the planar coil topology, extensive studies have been carried out on the flux pipe topology due to their excellent misalignment tolerance. To address this, in this paper, a novel inductive link using double helix flux pipe topology is proposed. The performances of the inductive link using the proposed double helix flux pipe are analyzed and compared with inductive links using conventional flux pipe. The proposed model has excellent characteristics in terms of the power transfer efficiency and tolerance against misalignments. The proposed model is capable of transferring over 1.6 kW of power with a coil-to-coil efficiency of over 98.5% at a load resistance of 20 Ω.
Retention period in pediatric patients with vertical dislocation of the dentition
Authors: Vodolatsky V. M. , Makatov R. S.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. An open bite in children and adolescents makes up about 2-3% of all dentoalveolar disorders and is one of the most difficult pathological bites to treat. Aesthetic changes in children with vertical dislocation of the dentition are complicated by impaired functions of chewing, breathing and speech formation. The treatment of this pathology is complicated by an extensive list of etiological factors affecting the development of this pathology of the dentition. In most cases, after a successful hardware correction of an open bite, the pathology appears again after the completion of the active phase of orthodontic treatment.

Purpose. To analyze the retention period in children and adolescents with vertical disocclusion of the dentition.

Materials and methods. In order to analyze the retention period in children and adolescents with vertical disocclusion of the dentition, 17 children aged 5 to 15 years were taken for orthodontic treatment. Six of them showed vertical disocclusion (mild, 1 degree) of the dentition. 7 children and adolescents had vertical disocclusion of moderate severity. 4 patients aged 13-15 years had an open bite of a severe form. All patients underwent orthodontic treatment using removable and non-removable orthodontic appliances.

Results. During the retention period in all patients of different groups specially made for this purpose were used demountable and non- removable devices , such as the Hawley device, medical devices in the inactivated state, non- removable wire retainers, single- jawed retention Kappa, retainers of their own design. ign. Examination of patients 6 and 12 months after the beginning of the retention period showed stability of the achieved therapeutic result in patients aged 5-12 years , and in patients of the older age group, the retention period was extended to 18-24 months due to the need to adapt bone structures.

Conclusions. The analysis of the retention period of pediatric patients with vertical disocclusion of the dentition revealed a number of significant temporal differences. The average retention period in patients with open bite from the age of 5-12 years was 8-12 months. Its duration in patients aged 13-15 years was 15-24 months.
Influence of orthodontic treatment with removable devices in children on the properties of oral fluid
Authors: Churakova Y. A. , Antonova A. A.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. The present article provides data regarding changes in the oral cavity during orthodontic tratment with custom-made removable appliances. Purpose. To study the condition of the oral cavity in children aged 7-12 with dentoalveolar abnormalities during treatment with removable orthodontic appliances.

Materials and methods. 110 patients aged 7-12 were examined in Nakhodka, Russia. Group I – control (34 subjects) with no dentoalveolar pathology. Group II – children with dentoalveolar pathology (74 subjects), undergoing orthodontic treatment. Besides clinical examination the following laboratory tests were taken, namely: saliva viscosity, saliva PH, saliva buffer capacity, microcrystallography of saliva. Type III prevailed in 60% of cases.

Results. Caries intensity during orthodontic treatment was detected to increase up to 8.32 ± 0.28 in comparison with control group 6.57 ± 0.22 (p < 0.05). Hygiene rate decreased in experimental group to 2.8 ± 0.08, in comparison with controls – 1.40 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05). Salivary PH decreased during orthodontic treatment. Microcrystallization type III of saliva prevailed in 60% of cases.

Conclusions. The study revealed strong relationship between orthodonotic treatment with removable appliances and physicochemical properties of mixed saliva r = 0.95 (p < 0.05). Appropriate approach and timely preventive measures can help correct oral condition in orthodontic treatment. Despite changes in oral fluid composition, esthetic and functional result of treatment with orthodontic customized removable appliances was high.
Ion-exchange processes in the tooth enamel and means of enamel remineralization (the literary review)
Authors: Smetanin A. A. , Ekimov E. V. , Skripkina G I.
Published: April 2020

Relevance. Dental caries is a global problem of our time, its prevalence is 99% of the world’s population. According to a number of authors, the prevalence of caries in Russia among children of 6 years is 62%, 12 years – 78%, 15 years – 88%. The treatment of caries and its complications is a painful, time-consuming and expensive process. Therefore, it is important to develop new tools and methods for the prevention of caries. Fundamental knowledge about the anatomy of the enamel, the etiology and pathogenesis of caries create a prerequisite for the development of new ways of primary prevention of caries. In attempts to solve this problem significant results have been achieved: for example, it is known that at the level of elementary cells of crystals in the enamel there happens a constant process of the ion interaction. This becomes possible due to the most important feature of the enamel – penetrability. However, there are many gaps in the molecular nature of penetrability, so we decided to turn to the theme of literary review.

Purpose. Study of the molecular mechanisms of enamel permeability and a review of means for its remineralization.

Materials and methods. Literature review on a given topic from 16 sources.

Results. The review presents ion-exchange processes in tooth enamel and topical carioprophylactic compositions for remineralizing therapy.

Conclusions. Remineralizing therapy with carioprophylactic gels is the most promising direction for caries prevention, taking into account the anatomy and physiology of ion-exchange processes in tooth enamel.
Inequidad espacial en acceso a salud: el caso de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Granados Martínez Abraham
Published: April 2020

Se analizan las diferencias espaciales de inequidad en acceso a servicios de salud por sexo, para la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM). La metodología utilizada es el análisis de datos exploratorios espaciales, con información de la Encuesta intercensal 2015. Los resultados muestran un clúster más equitativo en salud al sur de la ZMVM y dos conglomerados con mayor inequidad al noreste y el sudeste de la ZMVM. Es imperativo impulsar acciones regionalesdiferenciadas en acceso a servicios de salud, desde la perspectiva de género, con servicios integrales fundamentados en derechos y justicia social.
Diferencial salarial por género entre el sector público y privado formal-informal en México
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Reyna Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Se analizan las diferencias salariales en el mercado de trabajo público y privado y si estas se deben a atributos de capital humano o por rendimientos distintos, mediante muestras de mujeres y hombres separadamente y por género a lo largo de la distribución salarial. Con la metodología de Fortin, Lemieux y Firpo (2011). Trabajar en el sector público tiene importantes ventajas salariales principalmente para ellas en el grupo de salarios bajos. En el sector público las diferencias se explican por las características productivas y en el privado formal e informal responden a la parte no explicada por los atributos productivos.
VENTILAÇÃO MECÂNICA, DESMAME VENTILATÓRIO E QUALIDADE DO SONO EM UTI: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Marchezini Bruna
Published: April 2020

Introdução: As anormalidades do sono durante a internação em unidade de terapia intensiva são bem estabelecidas. Pacientes críticos apresentam deterioração do sono. A ventilação mecânica também pode causar interrupção do sono nesta população, causando a redução das fases restauradoras do sono. Acredita-se que as assincronias paciente-ventilador são responsáveis pela deterioração da qualidade do sono, gerando apneias centrais e despertares. Estratégias não farmacológicas para a melhoria da qualidade do sono nesta população incluem ajustes ventilatórios bem como do próprio modo ventilatório. Objetivo: avaliar as estratégias não farmacológicos, que propiciem uma melhor qualidade de sono em pacientes críticos. Metodologia: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Pubmed, Lilacs, e Medline. Nove ensaios clínicos foram selecionados segundo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, publicados entre 2007 a 2017.  Resultados e conclusão: A monitorização do sono na UTI é dispendiosa e trabalhosa. Os distúrbios do sono trazem prejuízos fisiológicos importantes, a seleção do modo ventilatório e ajuste pormenorizado personalizado dos parâmetros ventilatórios utilizados durante o período de sono são essências para melhora do sono. Os novos modos ventilatórios como NAVA e PAV+ auxiliam nesses ajustes. Além disso a adequação do ambiente também é uma estratégia não farmacológica a ser considerada.

Unitermos: Ventilação mecânica, polissonografia, sleep quality, cuidados críticos.
Mathematical modeling to optimize pine lumber yield
Authors: Bonfatti Júnior Eraldo Antonio , Lengowski Elaine Cristina , De Almeida Sfeir Tamires , Gruber Nisponginski Bruno , Fanes Kaio , Cunha Dickow Kauana Melissa
Published: April 2020

In Brazil, only 4% of the 7.84 million hectares of planted forests is devoted to the production of lumber wood, being in Santa Catarina state most of the wood used for this purpose is of the Pinus genus. This work aims to estimate the maximum utilization of logs due to the production of wood boards in the city of Canoinhas, Santa Catarina. For that, a sawmill of the region were consulted and the dimensions of the pieces produced were verified. The dimensions and classes of logs commonly traded in the region were also raised. As a result, 82 models were created in Maxitora software in diagram format. With the cutting models the sawmill had its performance optimized with the use of techniques of operational research in a cutting problem. The whole linear programming technique was used for an estimated demand for the quantity of each of the pieces produced. The results showed that only five models are required to meet such demand, so the yield is 43.18%.
Assessment of Dysregulation of HERC6 and Essential Biological Processes in Response to Laser Therapy of Human Arm Skin
Authors: Safari Saeed , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Mansouri Vahid , Razzaghi Zahra , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The widespread application of lasers in medicine, especially in the treatment of diseases implies more investigations to understand the precious molecular mechanism of the laser effect on the human body. In the present study, the prominent role of HERC6 in response to CO2 Laser therapy of human skin is investigated. Methods: The numbers of 16 gene expression profiles before and after the treatment with the CO2 laser are downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) are analyzed to find the significant DEGs. Gene ontology analysis revealed that HERC6 and a set of its neighbors played a significant role in response to laser application. Results: The expression changes of 52 significant DEGs were compared via heat map analysis and 27 significant DEGs were introduced as the critical genes which are involved in response to laser irradiation. "Thymidylate kinase activity" among 9 clusters of biological terms was highlighted as an important biological process related to the identified DEGs. HERC2 was proposed as a critical DEG which was related to several essential cellular processes in response to laser application. Conclusion: The findings from the present study indicate that HERC6 and the numbers of its first neighbors are involved in the essential cellular response to laser therapy of human skin.
The Effect of Low-Power Laser Therapy on the TGF/β Signaling Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review
Authors: Ahrabi Behnaz , Bahrami Maryam , Moghadasali Reza , Zamanian-Azodi Mona , Khoramgah Maryam Sadat , Tabatabaei Mirakabad Fatemeh Sadat , Darabi Shahram , Abbaszadeh Hojjat Allah
Published: April 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease by investigating several studies. Methods: A number of articles from 1998 to 2019 were chosen from the sources of PubMed, Scopus, and only the articles studying the effect of low-power lasers on kidney disease were investigated. Results: After reviewing the literature, 21 articles examining only the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease were found. The results of these studies showed that the parameter of the lowpower laser would result in different outcomes. So, a low-power laser with various parameters can be effective in the treatment of kidney diseases such as acute kidney disease, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, nephrectomy, metabolic syndrome, and kidney fibrosis. Most studies have shown that low-power lasers can affect TGFβ1 signaling which is the most important signaling in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Conclusion: Lasers can be effective in reducing or enhancing inflammatory responses, reducing fibrosis factors, and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in kidney disease and glomerular cell proliferation.