bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETECTING SPATIAL PATTERNS OF NATURAL HAZARDS FROM THE WIKIPEDIA KNOWLEDGE BASE
Authors: Fan J. , Stewart K.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The Wikipedia database is a data source of immense richness and variety. Included in this database are thousands of geotagged articles, including, for example, almost real-time updates on current and historic natural hazards. This includes usercontributed information about the location of natural hazards, the extent of the disasters, and many details relating to response, impact, and recovery. In this research, a computational framework is proposed to detect spatial patterns of natural hazards from the Wikipedia database by combining topic modeling methods with spatial analysis techniques. The computation is performed on the Neon Cluster, a high performance-computing cluster at the University of Iowa. This work uses wildfires as the exemplar hazard, but this framework is easily generalizable to other types of hazards, such as hurricanes or flooding. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling is first employed to train the entire English Wikipedia dump, transforming the database dump into a 500-dimension topic model. Over 230,000 geo-tagged articles are then extracted from the Wikipedia database, spatially covering the contiguous United States. The geo-tagged articles are converted into an LDA topic space based on the topic model, with each article being represented as a weighted multidimension topic vector. By treating each article’s topic vector as an observed point in geographic space, a probability surface is calculated for each of the topics. In this work, Wikipedia articles about wildfires are extracted from the Wikipedia database, forming a wildfire corpus and creating a basis for the topic vector analysis. The spatial distribution of wildfire outbreaks in the US is estimated by calculating the weighted sum of the topic probability surfaces using a map algebra approach, and mapped using GIS. To provide an evaluation of the approach, the estimation is compared to wildfire hazard potential maps created by the USDA Forest service.
Mapping turbulent diffusivity associated with oceanic internal lee waves offshore Costa Rica
Authors: Fortin W. F. J. , Holbrook W. S. , Schmitt R. W.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Breaking internal waves play a primary role in maintaining the meridional overturning circulation. Oceanic lee waves are known to be a significant contributor to diapycnal mixing associated with internal wave dissipation, but direct measurement is difficult with standard oceanographic sampling methods due to the limited spatial extent of standing lee waves. Here, we present an analysis of oceanic internal lee waves observed offshore eastern Costa Rica using seismic imaging and estimate the turbulent diffusivity via a new seismic slope spectrum method that extracts diffusivities directly from seismic images, using tracked reflections only to scale diffusivity values. The result provides estimates of turbulent diffusivities throughout the water column at scales of a few hundred meters laterally and 10 m vertically. Synthetic tests demonstrate the method's ability to resolve turbulent structures and reproduce accurate diffusivities. A turbulence map of our seismic section in the western Caribbean shows elevated turbulent diffusivities near rough seafloor topography as well as in the mid-water column where observed lee wave propagation terminates. Mid-water column hotspots of turbulent diffusivity show levels five times higher than surrounding waters and fifty times greater than typical open-ocean diffusivities. This site has steady currents that make it an exceptionally accessible laboratory for the study of lee-wave generation, propagation and decay.
Biased thermohaline exchanges with the arctic across the Iceland-Faroe Ridge in ocean climate models
Authors: Olsen S. M. , Hansen B. , Østerhus S. , Quadfasel D. , Valdimarsson H.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The northern limb of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and its transport of heat and salt towards the Arctic strongly modulates the climate of the Northern Hemisphere. Presence of warm surface waters prevents ice formation in parts of the Arctic Mediterranean and ocean heat is in critical regions directly available for sea-ice melt, while salt transport may be critical for the stability of the exchanges. Hereby, ocean heat and salt transports play a disproportionally strong role in the climate system and realistic simulation is a requisite for reliable climate projections. Across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) this occurs in three well defined branches where anomalies in the warm and saline Atlantic inflow across the shallow Iceland-Faroe Ridge (IFR) have shown particularly difficult to simulate in global ocean models. This branch (IF-inflow) carries about 40 % of the total ocean heat transport into the Arctic Mediterranean and is well constrained by observation during the last two decades but is associated with significant inter-annual fluctuations. The inconsistency between model results and observational data is here explained by the inability of coarse resolution models to simulate the overflow across the IFR (IF-overflow), which feeds back on the simulated IF-inflow. In effect, this is reduced in the model to reflect only the net exchange across the IFR. Observational evidence is presented for a substantial and persistent IF-overflow and mechanisms that qualitatively control its intensity. Through this, we explain the main discrepancies between observed and simulated exchange. Our findings rebuild confidence in modeled net exchange across the IFR, but reveal that compensation of model deficiencies here through other exchange branches is not effective. This implies that simulated ocean heat transport to the Arctic is biased low by more than 10 % and associated with a reduced level of variability while the quality of the simulated salt transport becomes critically dependent on the link between IF-inflow and IF-overflow. These features likely affect sensitivity and stability of climate models to climate change and limit the predictive skill.
Case study of microarthropod communities to assess soil quality in different managed vineyards
Authors: Gagnarli E. , Goggioli D. , Tarchi F. , Guidi S. , Nannelli R. , Vignozzi N. , Valboa G. , Lottero M. R. , Corino L. , Simoni S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Land use influences the abundance and diversity of soil arthropods. The evaluation of the impact of different management strategies on soil quality is increasingly sought, and the determination of community structures of edaphic fauna can represent an efficient tool. In the area of Langhe (Piedmont, Italy), eight vineyards characterized for physical and chemical properties (soil texture, soil pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, calcium carbonate) were selected. We evaluated the effect of two types of crop management, organic and integrated pest management (IPM), on abundance and biodiversity of microarthropods living at the soil surface. Soil sampling was carried out in winter 2011 and spring 2012. All specimens were counted and determined up to the order level. The biodiversity analysis was performed using ecological indexes (taxa richness, dominance, Shannon–Wiener, Buzas and Gibson's evenness, Margalef, equitability, Berger–Parker), and the biological soil quality was assessed with the BSQ-ar index. The mesofauna abundance was affected by both the type of management and sampling time. On the whole, a higher abundance was in organic vineyards (N = 1981) than in IPM ones (N = 1062). The analysis performed by ecological indexes showed quite a high level of biodiversity in this environment, particularly in May 2012. Furthermore, the BSQ-ar values registered were similar to those obtained in preserved soils.
El cuidado en un programa de trasplante renal: un acompañamiento de vida
Authors: Carrillo Algarra Ana Julia , Mesa Melgarejo Lorena , Moreno Rubio Fanny
Published: July 2015

Objetivo: comprender las experiencias de cuidado de enfermeras integrantes de grupos de trasplante de la ciudad de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa, utilizó la estrategia de grupos focales; la organización y el análisis de datos siguieron la propuesta de codificación de Janice M. Morse; participaron, previo consentimiento informado, 10 de 20 enfermeras de unidades de trasplante. Se realizó triangulación entre las integrantes del equipo investigador y la literatura relevante. Resultados: emergieron 6 categorías: 1) los múltiples significados del trasplante: cambio, pasión, satisfacción, esperanza, libertad, mayor cercanía, responsabilidad, compromiso, complejidad; 2) las redes de apoyo: familia, asociación de enfermeras, grupo de trabajo interdisciplinario, empresas promotoras de salud, industria farmacéutica; 3) implicaciones del día a día: relación cercana con el paciente y la familia, fortalecimiento de la autoestima profesional, estatus dentro del grupo de trasplante, manejo de las cargas; 4) trayectorias del cuidado profesional: acompañamiento de la enfermera a través del ciclo vital del paciente y posibilidad de identificar necesidades por la estrecha relación con él; 5) el perfil de la enfermera: carácter, conocimiento, compromiso, disponibilidad permanente y capacidad de gestión; 6) contradicciones del trasplante: rechazo al injerto, sufrimiento, desesperanza, sistema de salud; para enfermería, las agotadoras jornadas de trabajo.
Terapias compressivas no tratamento de úlcera venosa: estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Nicolosi Júlia Teixeira , Altran Silvana Cereijido , Barragam Jéssica Piro , Carvalho Viviane Fernandes de , Issac César
Published: July 2015

Introdução: Úlceras de origem venosas são lesões cutâneas que geralmente acometem o terço inferior das pernas. O tratamento dessas feridas é dinâmico e depende da evolução das fases da reparação tecidual. Esse tratamento inclui métodos clínicos e cirúrgicos, sendo a terapia compressiva o método não cirúrgico mais frequentemente utilizado. Dentre as terapias compressivas, destacam-se as bandagens inelásticas e elásticas, meias elásticas e pressão pneumática intermitente. Objetivo: O presente estudo pretendeu identificar o perfil da produção científica nacional e internacional que descrevesse terapia compressiva e úlcera venosa classificando-o de acordo com: cronologia de publicação, procedência, periódicos em que estão publicadas, avaliação do “Qualis” — Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), distribuição da abordagem metodológica, análise do conteúdo das publicações e comparar, quando possível, os dados apresentados nessa revisão. Método: Estudo bibliométrico realizado nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e CINAHL no qual se utilizaram os descritores “Varicose Ulcer/therapy”, “Compression Bandages”, “Wound Healing” e o operador booleano AND entre os anos de 2009 a 2013. Resultados: Foram selecionados 47 artigos; a maioria publicada em 2012 (n = 12; 25,53%), nos Estados Unidos (n=14; 29,78%) e Reino Unido (n=14; 29,78%), em revistas de especialidade vascular (n=19; 40,42%), com avaliações A2 (n=13; 27,65%) e B1 (n=13; 27,65%). A maior parte da metodologia utilizada nos estudos selecionados era tipo “estudos clínicos” (n= 30; 63,82%). Dentre os estudos clínicos e metanálises, apenas 30% (n= 14) apresentavam como objetivo principal avaliação da terapia compressiva e pretenderam estudar comparativamente eficácia de bandagens elásticas, inelásticas, meias elásticas, pressão pneumática intermitente e ausência de terapia compressiva no tratamento de úlceras venosas. Conclusão: Há preocupação da comunidade científica com a busca do tratamento eficaz para as úlceras venosas, porém a distribuição mundial de publicações é desigual. Evidenciou-se que a terapia compressiva não é o objeto principal na maioria dos trabalhos selecionados, o que leva ao interesse em terapias adjuvantes ou complementares a essa. Ficou evidente a necessidade da terapia compressiva, porém não há consenso sobre qual pressão deva ser utilizada para se obter melhores resultados na cicatrização; portanto, são necessários mais estudos que avaliem as interferências das diversas pressões sobre o processo de reparo tecidual. Também há carência de estudos que comprovem a ação da pressão pneumática intermitente com associações ou não de bandagens elásticas.
Impaired parenting in primiparous mothers: Clinical validation through rasch analysis
Authors: Orozco Vargas Luis Carlos , Villamizar Carvajal Beatriz , Vargas Porras Carolina
Published: July 2015

Introduction: A valid instrument is needed to establish a nursing diagnosis of impaired parenting and to conduct interventions. Objective: The purpose of this study is to validate the nursing diagnosis of impaired parenting using Rasch analysis with primiparous mothers up to24 years of age, during the first year of child rearing, and to compare the results of the clinical validation of that diagnosis using Rasch analysis and Fehring’s method to clinically validatenursing diagnosis. Method: This was a cross-sectional study based on Rasch analysis, pursuant to Messick’s construct validity guidelines. Results: Twenty-seven items representing 18 parenting-defining characteristics showed content, structural, substantive and generalized validity. Conclusion: Clinically validating nursing diagnosis using Rasch analysis makes it possible to establish dimensional diagnoses with construct validity.
Identificação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da classe de respostas cardiovasculares/pulmonares em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Barros Lívia Moreira , Moreira Rosa Aparecida Nogueira , Frota Natasha Marques , Caetano Joselany Áfio
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as respostas humanas apresentadas por pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica que se configurem como diagnósticos de enfermagem da classe respostas cardiovasculares/pulmonares. Estudo observacional de caráter transversal realizado no período de julho de 2010 a maio de 2011, em um hospital referência em cirurgia bariátrica em Fortaleza-CE. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados foram: risco de perfusão gastrintestinal ineficaz (87,9%), risco de intolerância à atividade (70,7%), perfusão tissular periférica ineficaz (67,2%), risco de choque (63,8%), débito cardíaco diminuído (60,3%), risco de perfusão tissular cardíaca diminuída (58,6%), intolerância à atividade (51,7%), risco de perfusão tissular cerebral ineficaz (48,3%), ventilação espontânea prejudicada (46,5%), risco de perfusão renal ineficaz (43,1%), padrão respiratório ineficaz (37,9%) e resposta disfuncional ao desmame ventilatório (36,2%). Assim, com base nesses resultados será possível direcionar a assistência de enfermagem prestada aos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e, consequentemente, reduzir complicações pós-operatórias.
Vida cotidiana y conflicto armado en Colombia: los aportes de la experiencia campesina para un cuidado creativo
Authors: Arias López Beatriz Elena
Published: July 2015

Objetivo: describir la manera como el conflicto armado prolongado se instaló y modificó la vida cotidiana de un grupo de familias campesinas y cómo los eventos de violencia política son percibidos y articulados en las relaciones familiares y vecinales y en las trayectorias de vida personal. Materiales y métodos: estudio de caso en San Francisco, oriente antioqueño (Colombia), que combinó elementos del método etnográfico y biográfico. Resultados: la cotidianidad campesina, escenario de reproducción personal y social, se va configurando entre la habituación que produce un conflicto armado prolongado y lo sorpresivo que impone su dinámica, de tal manera que las personas deben reinventar cotidianamente su vida. El sufrimiento aparece en función de los significados particulares que se asignan a los eventos, más que a las generalizaciones de la cronología oficial del conflicto. Conclusión: la transformación de la vida cotidiana campesina se configura en el devenir de formas endógenas de enfrentar lo ajeno, lo nuevo y lo desconocido para darle un lugar, resignificar la experiencia y seguir construyendo la vida en interacción con otros, en un proceso de reinvención permanente de tiempos, espacios y relaciones microsociales por parte de los sujetos, que constituyen elementos centrales para generar cuidados de la salud mental creativos y singulares.
Intraoperative Assessment of Vascular Access
Authors: Saucy Francois , Déglise Sébastien , Holzer Thomas , Salomon Lucie , Engelberger Stephan , Corpataux Jean-Marc
Published: July 2015

Purpose

The intraoperative quality assessment of the arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis is an essential process to limit early failure due to technical problems or inadequate vascular quality. This step is not clearly defined in the literature with no recommendations.

Methods

We selected published articles related to the topic of intraoperative quality control of the vascular access for hemodialysis.

Results

The intraoperative blood flow measurement greater than 120 ml/min in autologous fistula and less than 320 ml/min in arteriovenous graft was described as predictive factors for early failure.

Conclusions

The blood flow measurement should be performed after the confection of the anastomosis. When blood flow is limited, fistulography is an essential step to assess patency.
The effect of advertising on market share instability in the hotel industry
Authors: Chen Chiang-Ming , Lin Yu-Chen , Yang Ho-Wen
Published: July 2015

Although the theoretical literature on the effect of advertising is well developed, few empirical studies quantify the importance of advertising on the market share instability of hotels. This article investigates the influence of advertising on market share instability using Taiwanese international tourist hotel operation data. Telser argues that advertising reduces a leading firm’s market share instability by creating market power and entry barriers. This study provides empirical evidence for the theoretical inverse relationship between advertising intensity and market share instability among leading firms in the hotel industry. It identifies advertising as an important factor influencing the market share instability of hotels. Moreover, advertising tends to increase the market share instability of leading firms for different quantiles of the market share instability. The results lend moderate support to the validity of the hypothesis in the Telser model.
Needs assessment for emerging oral microbiome knowledge in dental hygiene education
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Shockey Alcinda Trickett
Published: July 2015

The curricula of dental hygiene education reflect the knowledge gained through research and clinical advances. Emergingknowledge is often complex and tentative. The purpose of this study is to assess dental hygiene students’ confidence in theirknowledge about the oral microbiome and to conduct a knowledge needs assessment for expanding their exposure to emergingknowledge about the oral microbiome. Sixty dental hygiene students were surveyed, using a Likert-type scale about theirconfidence and about current and emerging bacteriological research. The majority of students (60%) reported being confident intheir knowledge. The mean score for the ten items was 35.2% (standard deviation, 20.6%). The results of this study indicate aneed for emphasis on emerging oral microbiome research in dental hygiene education. This is important so that dental hygienestudents can properly share information with their patients about advances in dental care.
Are Organic Standards Sufficient to Ensure Sustainable Agriculture? Lessons From New Zealand’s ARGOS and Sustainability Dashboard Projects
Authors: Merfield Charles , Moller Henrik , Manhire Jon , Rosin Chris , Norton Solis , Carey Peter , Hunt Lesley , Reid John , Fairweather John , Benge Jayson , Quellec Isabelle Le , Campbell Hugh , Lucock David , Saunders Caroline , MacLeod Catriona , Barber Andrew , McCarthy Alaric
Published: July 2015

Our review concludes that organic standards need to account for a broader set of criteria in order to retain claims to ‘sustainability’. Measurements of the ecological, economic and social outcomes from over 96 kiwifruit, sheep/beef and dairy farms in New Zealand between 2004 and 2012 by The Agricultural Research Group on Sustainability (ARGOS) project showed some enhanced ecosystem services from organic agriculture that will assist a “land-sharing” approach for sustainable land management. However, the efficiency of provisioning services is reduced in organic systems and this potentially undermines a “land-sparing” strategy to secure food security and ecosystem services. Other aspects of the farm operation that are not considered in the organic standards sometimes had just as much or even a greater effect on ecosystem services than restriction of chemical inputs and synthetic fertilisers. An organic farming version of the New Zealand Sustainability Dashboard will integrate organic standards and wider agricultural best practice into a broad and multidimensional sustainability assessment framework and package of learning tools. There is huge variation in performance of farms within a given farming system. Therefore improving ecosystem services depends as much on locally tuned learning and adjustments of farm practice on individual farms as on uptake of organic or Integrated Management farming system protocols.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de Gúdar – Javalambre, del Maestrazgo i de l´Alt Maestrat: des de Mosqueruela a la Iglesuela del Cid (l’Anglesola) i a Vilafranca del Cid
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 4 de maig del 2014. Aquest itinerari es desenvoluparà íntegrament per una de les unitats geològiques que constitueixen el País Valencià: concretament per la que ocupa la major part de la seva superfície, per la Serralada Ibèrica (i dintre d´aquesta pels sectors denominats Muntanyam de Castelló, d´acord amb el treball d´Oriol RIBA (1976). Igualment, el recorregut s´inclou dintre d´aquesta unitat geològica d´acord amb el treball de GUIMERÀ et altri (1992). També xal dir que per aquests sectors es presenten alineacions clarament ibèriques (NW-SE o WNW-ESE). Aquest conjunt, es troba constituït majoritàriament per relleus mesozoics (fonamentalment pertanyents al Cretàcic i al Juràssic), de naturalesa calcària, com succeeix al propi cim del Penyagolosa l´indret considerat com al més alt del País Valencià, tot i que el Calderó (situat al Racó d’Ademús, fronterer amb l´Aragó, és uns 50 m més alt). Per d´altra banda, aquest recorregut es desenvoluparà a traves de diferents comarques aragoneses i valencianes. Així discorrerà per les comarques de Gúdar – Javalambre i Maeztrazgo; així com per la de l´Alt Maestrat.
Recorrido geológico, mineralógico y geográfico por la comarca del Maestrazgo: desde el Puerto del Cuarto Pelado (Cantavieja) a la Cañada de Benatanduz y a Villarluengo
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Itinerario realitzado el dia 7 de Diciembre de 2014. En este caso, el presente itinerario se desarrollará totalmente por la denominada Rama Aragonesa de la Cordillera Ibérica. En este recorrido se irán encontrando afloramientos de los materiales mesozoicos (del Triásico, del Jurásico y del Cretácico, especialmente de este último). En concreto, el recorrido se realizará en buena parte por la denominada Cuenca del Maestrazgo. Los materiales antes mencionados se hallan levemente influenciados por las características la denominada Zona de Enlace de la Cordillera Ibérica con el Sistema Mediterráneo; aunque en todos los casos van a predominar las estructuras de dirección ibérica (WNW-ESE) sobre las de direcciones “catalanas” (NNE-SSW), al hallarnos plenamente dentro del dominio ibérico. Así, el recorrido del itinerario transitará, en buena parte, por la gran comarca histórica Maestrat-Maestrazgo, (coincidiendo generalmente con la unidad geológica del mismo nombre). Aun así, la mayor parte de recorrido se efectuará por una sola comarca: la del Maestrazgo.
MicroRNA-375 Suppresses Extracellular Matrix Degradation and Invadopodial Activity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jimenez Lizandra , Sharma Ved P. , Condeelis John , Harris Thomas , Ow Thomas J. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Childs Geoffrey , Segall Jeffrey E.
Published: July 2015

Context

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly invasive cancer with an association with locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastasis. We have previously reported that low microRNA-375 (miR-375) expression levels correlate with poor patient survival, increased locoregional recurrence, and distant metastasis. Increasing miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines to levels found in normal cells results in suppressed invasive properties. HNSCC invasion is mediated in part by invadopodia-associated degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Objective

To determine whether elevated miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines also affects invadopodia formation and activity.

Design

For evaluation of the matrix degradation properties of the HNSCC lines, an invadopodial matrix degradation assay was used. The total protein levels of invadopodia-associated proteins were measured by Western blot analyses. Immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted to evaluate the tyrosine phosphorylation state of cortactin. Human protease arrays were used for the detection of the secreted proteases. Quantitative real time–polymerase chain reaction measurements were used to evaluate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the commonly regulated proteases.

Results

Increased miR-375 expression in HNSCC cells suppresses extracellular matrix degradation and reduces the number of mature invadopodia. Higher miR-375 expression does not reduce cellular levels of selected invadopodia-associated proteins, nor is tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin altered. However, HNSCC cells with higher miR-375 expression had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels and secreted levels of specific proteases.

Conclusions

MicroRNA-375 regulates invadopodia maturation and function potentially by suppressing the expression and secretion of proteases.
Abuses and Distortions in Emotional Processes as Risk Factors for Parricide
Authors: Grattagliano Ignazio , Greco Romy , Vella Giancarlo Di , Corbi Grazia Maria , Campobasso Carlo Pietro , Romanelli Maria Carolina , Ostuni Alessio , Petruzzelli Nicola , Brunetti Valeria , Cassibba Rosalinda
Published: July 2015

Parricide is a rare case of murder having a strong emotional impact on public opinion, especially when it is heinous and perpetrated by minors. Based on the analysis of the judicial files archived at the Minor Penal Institute "N. Fornelli" of Bari, the authors will report three impressive cases perpetrated by minors, by focusing on their emotional features. Differences between the crimes of parricide committed by adults and minors will be highlighted, by analyzing the peculiar relations between the problems underlying parricide and the role played by abuses and maltreatments experienced by minors perpetrating such crime. In particular, attention will be paid to the emotional processes aroused in minor parricide offenders.
Jean-Louis Roux et la mise en scène du répertoire européen : ouverture sur le présent, clôture du passé
Authors: Schryburt Sylvain
Published: July 2015

L’analyse se situe autour de 1968, année charnière qui a vu, entre autres, la création des Belles-Soeurs de Michel Tremblay et l’émergence du « nouveau » théâtre québécois. Prenant l’envers de cette vague de fond du répertoire national, cet article s’intéresse plutôt à l’un des principaux opposants désignés du devenir théâtral québécois : le Théâtre du Nouveau Monde, alors sous la direction récente de Jean-Louis Roux (1966-1982). Trois études de cas (Pygmalion, Tartuffe et Le soir des rois) viennent approfondir le projet scénique du metteur en scène Roux. Ce projet est fondé sur des relectures du répertoire européen qui entrent en dialogue avec les débats sociaux de l’heure tout en s’inscrivant paradoxalement dans une histoire avortée du théâtre au Québec, dont Roux cherche à redresser la mémoire.
Caribéanisation du répertoire européen : Shakespeare revisité par les dramaturges caribéens
Authors: Bérard Stéphanie
Published: July 2015

En 2005, en Martinique, José Exélis adapte Othello en Iago tandis que Yoshvani Medina transporte Roméo et Juliette au début du XXe siècle pendant le carnaval de Saint-Pierre. La reterritorialisation des tragédies shakespeariennes dans l’univers caribéen manifeste un esprit d’indépendance, d’invention, mais aussi de subversion et de contestation. Les deux dramaturges se réapproprient les codes dramatiques occidentaux, les désarticulent pour les réarticuler à la langue, à l’histoire et à la culture du monde créole afin de révéler les conflits sous-jacents de la société martiniquaise actuelle, héritière de la colonisation et tributaire des préjugés raciaux et sociaux.
Cosmopolitisme et nationalisme dans le théâtre d’Edmond Picard : les enjeux identitaires du répertoire théâtral en Belgique francophone à la fin du XIXe siècle
Authors: Vanderpelen-Diagre Cécile
Published: July 2015

À la fin du XIXe siècle, des tentatives sont lancées pour remettre en question la mainmise de la France sur le répertoire, la direction et les troupes du théâtre francophone belge. Edmond Picard (1836-1924), avocat, mécène, écrivain et homme politique influent, tente de faire pression sur la ville de Bruxelles pour qu’elle impose à son principal théâtre parlé, le Théâtre royal du Parc, un répertoire qui s’ouvre aux auteurs étrangers et belges. Nationaliser le théâtre passe par les pièces de Tolstoï, Ibsen, Maeterlinck et Picard, qui reposent sur des propositions dramaturgiques éloignées du vaudeville français.
Quand H. C. essaie de s’excuser…
Authors: Cixous Hélène
Published: July 2015

Dans cette lettre écrite sur le vif, Hélène Cixous note quelques traits télégraphiques au sujet de l’ekphrasis, de ce que cette figure signifie pour elle tant dans sa pratique d’écriture que dans sa lecture des oeuvres d’art, que celles-ci soient littéraires ou picturales. L’art « appelle », dit-elle, à l’interprétation (musicale), il a « besoin d’être traduit dans son autre langue ». En art comme en littérature, l’oeuvre est « muette », « flot de paroles autour d’un certain silence ». Cixous évoque ainsi l’essentiel du regard, de l’échange entre « Regarder être regardé » qui se produit en elle : « Quand je regarde je suis absorbée, adoptée par le tableau », « je ne vois que là où ça me ressemble (je ne le découvre qu’après) ».
Une jouissance anachronique
Authors: Morache Marie-Andrée
Published: July 2015

Le livre de Laurent Binet, retraçant les événements entourant l’assassinat de Reinhard Heydrich, se distingue d’autres oeuvres contemporaines traitant des crimes de masse par la posture coupable de son énonciation. En effet, la reconstitution du fait historique chez Binet est marquée à la fois par la jubilation et le scrupule, la jouissance du narrateur (liée, entre autres, à son identification à la figure du résistant) étant inévitablement accompagnée de la possibilité d’une faute, d’un péché d’écriture. Cette écriture qui se doit de continuer mais qui se sait en train de trahir éloigne Binet des auteurs de sa génération et le rapproche des écrivains survivants des camps, et surtout, de leurs héritiers. De plus, le scrupule du narrateur semble se nourrir du fantasme d’agir sur le réel, et même sur un réel passé : le gain de la culpabilité comporte non seulement une croyance en l’agentivité de la littérature mais en sa transcendance. Si le narrateur peut se charger du poids d’une faute envers les morts, c’est parce que, dans cet espace qu’il aménage au fantasme au sein de la reconstitution historique, on suppose à l’écrit le pouvoir d’atteindre les morts : le narrateur se doit d’être prudent dans sa mise en récit, car aux victimes de la guerre et de la Shoah, il peut encore arriver quelque chose. Cette analyse d’HHhH démontre que le parti pris de la jouissance du texte ne s’oppose pas nécessairement à la visée éthique de la représentation du fait historique : au contraire, ce texte n’est jamais aussi éthique que lorsqu’il fantasme.
Nur77 prevents excessive osteoclastogenesis by inducing ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b to mediate NFATc1 self-limitation
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Wei Wei , Huynh HoangDinh , Zuo Hao , Wang Xueqian , Wan Yihong
Published: July 2015

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells essential for skeletal remodeling. However, over-active osteoclasts can cause bone-degenerative disorders. Therefore, the level of NFATc1, the master transcription factor of osteoclast, must be tightly controlled. Although the activation and amplification of NFATc1 have been extensively studied, how NFATc1 signaling is eventually resolved is unclear. Here, we uncover a novel and critical role of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 in mediating an NFATc1 self-limiting regulatory loop to prevent excessive osteoclastogenesis. Nur77 deletion leads to low bone mass owing to augmented osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Mechanistically, NFATc1 induces Nur77 expression at late stage of osteoclast differentiation; in turn, Nur77 transcriptionally up-regulates E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, which triggers NFATc1 protein degradation. These findings not only identify Nur77 as a key player in osteoprotection and a new therapeutic target for bone diseases, but also elucidate a previously unrecognized NFATc1→Nur77→Cblb—•NFATc1 feedback mechanism that confers NFATc1 signaling autoresolution.
Integration processes of a Romanian group in a Huelva village through family life stories
Authors: Díaz-Reales Antonia-María , Aguaded-Gómez Ignacio
Published: July 2015

This paper examines the integration of Romanian immigrants in Lucena del Puerto (Huelva, Spain) through the life stories of two families of Romanian origin. The experiences of the groups presented in this study were analyzed. Both families were in the town for work, to grow and harvest strawberries. We observed a contrast between idealistic views of integration and actual problems of coexistence and integration of the Romanian group with other groups such as Moroccan immigrants Here we focus on the integration process of the Romanian population in the Andalusian village. The main groups studied were two families of Romanian-origin residents in the village. In short, this paper aims to reflect the concerns and integrative resources needed to promote a harmonious coexistence with immigrants.
Rupture process of the 1946 Nankai earthquake estimated using seismic waveforms and geodetic data
Authors: Murotani Satoko , Shimazaki Kunihiko , Koketsu Kazuki
Published: July 2015

The rupture process of the 1946 Nankai earthquake (MJMA 8.0) was estimated using seismic waveforms from teleseismic and strong motion stations together with geodetic data from leveling surveys and tide gauges. The results of joint inversion analysis showed that two areas with large slip are more confined than in previous studies. In our inversion, we assumed spatially varying strike and dip angles and depth of each subfault by fitting those to the actual complex shape of the upper surface of the Philippine Sea plate in the Nankai Trough region. As a result, we calculated the total seismic moment, M0 = 5.5 × 1021 Nm; the moment magnitude, Mw = 8.4; and a maximum slip of 5.1 m, occurring at a point south of Cape Muroto. The estimated slip distribution on the west side of the fault plane appears somewhat complicated, but it explains well the vertical deformations at Tosashimizu and in the vicinity of Inomisaki. Arguments have been made that the westernmost part slipped slowly after the earthquake over a period of days or months as an afterslip because the seismic waveforms can be largely explained without the slip in this part. However, in order to explain the displacement recorded by the tide gauge at Tosashimizu, we conclude that the westernmost part slipped simultaneously with the earthquake. Splay faulting, which was suggested in previous studies, is not required in our model to explain the seismic waveforms and geodetic data.
Ice formation on nitric acid‐coated dust particles: Laboratory and modeling studies
Authors: Kulkarni Gourihar , Zhang Kai , Zhao Chun , Nandasiri Manjula , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Liu Xiaohong , Fast Jerome , Berg Larry
Published: July 2015

Changes in the ice nucleation characteristics of atmospherically relevant mineral dust particles caused by a coating of nitric acid are not well understood. Further, the atmospheric implications of dust coatings on ice‐cloud properties under different assumptions of primary ice nucleation mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the ice nucleation ability of Arizona Test Dust, illite, K‐feldspar, and quartz as a function of temperature (−25°C to −30°C) and relative humidity with respect to water (75% to 110%). The particles (bare or nitric acid coated) were size selected at 250 nm, and the fraction of particles nucleating ice at various temperature and saturation conditions was determined. All of the dust species nucleated ice at subsaturated conditions, although the coated particles (except quartz) showed a reduction in their ice nucleation ability relative to bare particles. However, at supersaturated conditions, bare and coated particles had nearly equivalent ice nucleation characteristics. The results of a single‐column model showed that simulated ice crystal number concentrations are mostly dependent upon the coated particle fraction, primary ice nucleation mechanisms, and competition among ice nucleation mechanisms to nucleate ice. In general, coatings were observed to modify ice‐cloud properties, and the complexity of ice‐cloud and mixed‐phase‐cloud evolution when different primary ice nucleation mechanisms compete for fixed water vapor budgets was supported.
Johnson SB as general functional form for raindrop size distribution
Authors: Cugerone Katia , De Michele Carlo
Published: July 2015

Drop size distribution represents the statistical synthesis of rainfall dynamics at particle size scale. Gamma and Lognormal distributions have been widely used in the literature to approximate the drop diameter variability, contrarily to the natural upper boundary of the variable, with almost always site‐specific studies and without the support of statistical goodness‐of‐fit tests. In this work, we present an extensive statistical investigation of raindrop size distribution based on eight data sets, well distributed on the Earth's surface, which have been analyzed by using skewness‐kurtosis plane, AIC and BIC indices and Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. Here for the first time, the Johnson SB is proposed as general functional form to describe the drop diameter variability specifically at 1 min time scale. Additional analyses demonstrate that the model is well suitable even for larger time intervals (≥1 min).
High‐resolution dynamically downscaled projections of precipitation in the mid and late 21st century over North America
Authors: Wang Jiali , Kotamarthi Veerabhadra R.
Published: July 2015

This study performs high‐spatial‐resolution (12 km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations over a very large domain (7200 km × 6180 km, covering much of North America) to explore changes in mean and extreme precipitation in the mid and late 21st century under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP 4.5) and 8.5 (RCP 8.5). We evaluate WRF model performance for a historical simulation and future projections, applying the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) as initial and boundary conditions with and without a bias correction. WRF simulations using boundary and initial conditions from both versions of CCSM4 show smaller biases versus evaluation data sets than does CCSM4 over western North America. WRF simulations also improve spatial details of precipitation over much of North America. However, driving the WRF with the bias‐corrected CCSM4 does not always reduce the bias. WRF‐projected changes in precipitation include decreasing intensity over the southwestern United States, increasing intensity over the eastern United Sates and most of Canada, and an increase in the number of days with heavy precipitation over much of North America. Projected precipitation changes are more evident in the late 21st century than the mid 21st century, and they are more evident under RCP 8.5 than under RCP 4.5 in the late 21st century. Uncertainties in the projected changes in precipitation due to different warming scenarios are non‐negligible. Differences in summer precipitation changes between WRF and CCSM4 are significant over most of the United States.
Soluble iron inputs to the Southern Ocean through recent andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic ash eruptions from the Patagonian Andes
Authors: Simonella L. E. , Palomeque M. E. , Croot P. L. , Stein A. , Kupczewski M. , Rosales A. , Montes M. L. , Colombo F. , García M. G. , Villarosa G. , Gaiero D. M.
Published: July 2015

Patagonia, due to its geographic position and the dominance of westerly winds, is a key area that contributes to the supply of nutrients to the Southern Ocean, both through mineral dust and through the periodic deposits of volcanic ash. Here we evaluate the characteristics of Fe dissolved (into soluble and colloidal species) from volcanic ash for three recent southern Andes volcanic eruptions having contrasting features and chemical compositions. Contact between cloud waters (wet deposition) and end‐members of andesitic (Hudson volcano) and rhyolitic (Chaitén volcano) materials was simulated. Results indicate higher Fe release and faster liberation rates in the andesitic material. Fe release during particle‐seawater interaction (dry deposition) has higher rates in rhyolitic‐type ashes. Rhyolitic ashes under acidic conditions release Fe in higher amounts and at a slower rate, while in those samples containing mostly glass shards, Fe release was lower and faster. The 2011 Puyehue eruption was observed by a dust monitoring station. Puyehue‐type eruptions can contribute soluble Fe to the ocean via dry or wet deposition, nearly reaching the limit required for phytoplankton growth. In contrast, the input of Fe after processing by an acidic eruption plume could raise the amount of dissolved Fe in surface ocean waters several times, above the threshold required to initiate phytoplankton blooms. A single eruption like the Puyehue one represents more than half of the yearly Fe flux contributed by dust.
Particle dynamics in the rising plume at Piccard Hydrothermal Field, Mid‐Cayman Rise
Authors: Estapa M. L. , Breier J. A. , German C. R.
Published: July 2015

Processes active in rising hydrothermal plumes, such as precipitation, particle aggregation, and biological growth, affect particle size distributions and can exert important influences on the biogeochemical impact of submarine venting of iron to the oceans and their sediments. However, observations to date of particle size distribution within these systems are both limited and conflicting. In a novel buoyant hydrothermal plume study at the recently discovered high‐temperature (398°C) Piccard Hydrothermal Field, Mid‐Cayman Rise, we report optical measurements of particle size distributions (PSDs). We describe the plume PSD in terms of a simple, power‐law model commonly used in studies of upper and coastal ocean particle dynamics. Observed PSD slopes, derived from spectral beam attenuation and laser diffraction measurements, are among the highest found to date anywhere in the ocean and ranged from 2.9 to 8.5. Beam attenuation at 650 nm ranged from near zero to a rarely observed maximum of 192 m−1 at 3.5 m above the vent. We did not find large (>100 μm) particles that would settle rapidly to the sediments. Instead, beam attenuation was well‐correlated to total iron, suggesting the first‐order importance of particle dilution, rather than precipitation or dissolution, in the rising plume at Piccard. Our observations at Piccard caution against the assumption of rapid deposition of hydrothermal, particulate metal fluxes, and illustrate the need for more particle size and composition measurements across a broader range of sites, globally.
Dust fluxes and iron fertilization in Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum climates
Authors: Lambert Fabrice , Tagliabue Alessandro , Shaffer Gary , Lamy Frank , Winckler Gisela , Farias Laura , Gallardo Laura , De Pol‐Holz Ricardo
Published: July 2015

Mineral dust aerosols play a major role in present and past climates. To date, we rely on climate models for estimates of dust fluxes to calculate the impact of airborne micronutrients on biogeochemical cycles. Here we provide a new global dust flux data set for Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions based on observational data. A comparison with dust flux simulations highlights regional differences between observations and models. By forcing a biogeochemical model with our new data set and using this model's results to guide a millennial‐scale Earth System Model simulation, we calculate the impact of enhanced glacial oceanic iron deposition on the LGM‐Holocene carbon cycle. On centennial timescales, the higher LGM dust deposition results in a weak reduction of <10 ppm in atmospheric CO2 due to enhanced efficiency of the biological pump. This is followed by a further ~10 ppm reduction over millennial timescales due to greater carbon burial and carbonate compensation.
Electric field of the power terrestrial sources observed by microsatellite Chibis‐M in the Earth's ionosphere in frequency range 1–60 Hz
Authors: Dudkin Fedir , Korepanov Valery , Dudkin Denis , Pilipenko Vyacheslav , Pronenko Vira , Klimov Stanislav
Published: July 2015

The power line emission (PLE) 50/60 Hz and the Schumann resonance (SR) harmonics were detected by the use of a compact electrical field sensor of length 0.42 m during microsatellite Chibis‐M mission in years 2012–2014. The initial orbit of Chibis‐M has altitude 500 km and inclination 52°. We present the space distribution of PLE and its connections with the possible overhead power lines. PLE has been recorded both in the shade and sunlit parts of the orbits as opposed to SR which have been recorded only in the nightside of the Earth. The cases of an extra long distance of PLE propagation in the Earth's ionosphere and increased value of SR Q factor have been also observed. These results should stimulate the ionosphere model refinement for ultralow frequency and extremely low frequency electromagnetic wave propagation as well as a study on new possibility of the ionosphere diagnostics.
Emission of gas and atmospheric dispersion of SO2 during the December 2013 eruption at San Miguel volcano (El Salvador, Central America)
Authors: Granieri Domenico , Salerno Giuseppe , Liuzzo Marco , La Spina Alessandro , Giuffrida Giovanni , Caltabiano Tommaso , Giudice Gaetano , Gutierrez Eduardo , Montalvo Francisco , Burton Michael R. , Papale Paolo
Published: July 2015

San Miguel volcano, El Salvador, erupted on 29 December 2013, after a 46 year period characterized by weak activity. Prior to the eruption a trend of increasing SO2 emission rate was observed, with all values measured after mid‐November greater than the average value of the previous year (~310 t d−1). During the eruption, SO2 emissions increased from the level of ~330 t d−1 to 2200 t d−1, dropping after the eruption to an average level of 680 t d−1. Wind measurements and SO2 emission rates during the preeruptive, syneruptive, and posteruptive stages were used to model SO2 dispersion around the volcano. Atmospheric SO2 concentration exceeded the dangerous threshold of 5 ppm in the crater region and in some sectors with medium elevation of the highly visited volcanic cone. Combining the SO2 emission rate with measured CO2/SO2, HCl/SO2, and HF/SO2 plume gas ratios, we estimate the CO2, HCl, and HF outputs for the first time on this volcano.