bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Levels in Known Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors:   HOD and Professor, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India - 603203., Vinodhini V.M , D Ukendiran ,   Senior laboratory technologist, Department of Biochemistry, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Tiruvallur-600123, Tamilnadu, India., V Sri Ram ,   Associate professor, Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India - 603203., P Renuka ,   Professor, Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India - 603203., Dhandapani V.E ,   HOD and Professor, Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India - 603203., Aishwarya S ,   Research scholar, Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India - 603203.
Published: February 2022

Vitamin B12 and folic acid are water soluble vitamins playing a vital role in various biological processes, where their deficiency leading to hyperhomocysteinemia are closely related to the development of cardio vascular risk. This case-control study included a total of 60 participants; 30 with confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) and 30 were age and sex matched healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for biochemical parameters. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Vitamin B12 levels were found to be significantly lower in CAD patients than the controls. Based on the results, 50% of CAD patients had vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 was positively associated with HDL-c and negatively with TC, TGL, LDL-c, VLDL-c, RLP-c, Non-HDL-c, TG/HDL-c. The study concludes that low levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid are related with risk factors of coronary artery disease
Fear Turns into Violence: A Study of Richard Wright's (Select) Works
Authors:   Professor inDepartment of English, PSGVP Mandal’s S. I. Patil Arts, G. B. Patel Scie. &  S.T.K.V.S. Comm. College, Shahada (M.S.), Sindkhedkar Dr. S. D , Akhade A. D ,   Assist. Professor in English, G.T. Patil College, Nandurbar(M.S.)
Published: February 2022

Assist. Professor in English, G.T. Patil College, Nandurbar(M.S.)
COVID-19 infection-induced type one Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Hayat Amir , Siddique Sohail , Shamim Syed Rehan
Published: February 2022

A 63 year old female patient presented with one week history of reduced appetite, weakness, nausea, polyuria and occasional vomiting on a back ground of recurrent urinary tract infection and hypothyroidism. She appeared lethargic and dehydrated. The arterial blood gas showed a picture of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) which was treated according to the protocol. Viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for COVID-19 was positive. The diagnosis of new onset type one diabetes made on the basis of specific antibodies test. Computerized Tomography (CT) of abdomen excluded pancreatic cancer as a cause of new onset diabetes. Hence, the patient was labelled as type one diabetes mellitus induced by COVID-19 virus. She was treated accordingly and sent home on insulin. Follow-up appointment was arranged in the diabetes center of the hospital.
Knowledge and attitude pertinent to COVID-19 and willingness to COVID vaccination among medical students of University College of Medicine & Dentistry Lahore
Authors: Usman Javeria , Arshad Ifrah , Fatima Anosha , Ahsan Muhammad , Minal Namra
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To determine the awareness and beliefs of medical students towards Corona disease and the COVID-19 vaccine and to assess the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted on undergraduate medical students at University College of Medicine and dentistry, University of Lahore (UOL). A self-developed questionnaire containing demographic information, 8 knowledge and attitude items and 11 items for perceptions and willingness to get COVID-19 vaccine was completed by 410 participants.

 Results: More than ninety five percent of participants were aware of the cause, mode of transmission and mortality associated with corona disease; however, a handful of them knew about the purpose of using vaccine. Majority of the participants believed that COVID-19 vaccine will be effective and a good way to get protected from the disease. Regarding willingness to get cocid-19 vaccine, more than half of the participants wanted to be the first to get vaccinated but majority were concerned about the safety of COVID-19 vaccine.

 Conclusion: The medical students of University College of Medicine and dentistry, University of Lahore (UOL) displayed an adequate level of knowledge and awareness towards COVID-19 and a positive attitude about COVID-19 vaccine. Our study noted a high level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among medical students, yet there were significant concerns about the safety of vaccine.
Role of HRCT for Rapid Triage of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Abbasi Hina Hafeez , Durrani Misbah , Kalsoom Umme , Zahoor Anum , Batool Fizza , Sharif Shawana
Published: February 2022

Background:

 

To assess the diagnostic performances of HRCT for COVID 19 pneumonia for efficient triage of patients, in comparison with RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test.

 

Method:

 

It is retrospective comparative study conducted in Benazir Bhutto hospital affiliated with Rawalpindi medical university from March 25th to April 25th, 2021.  HRCT of 500 patients were selected from central computer server and their RT-PCR results were also obtained from the HMS system of the hospital. HRCT were reported as “Definitely COVID positive”, “Possible COVID positive” or “COVID negative” by experienced radiologists. Sensitivity, Specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using the final RT-PCR test as standard of reference.

Results:

 

RT-PCR test of 207 patients was positive, whereas 293 were reported negative. HRCT was reported as “Definitely COVID positive” in 222 cases (44.4 %), “Possible COVID positive” in 24 cases (4.8%) and “COVID negative” in 254 cases (50.8%). Comparing only Definitely COVID positive category with RT-PCR results sensitivity, specificity. PPV and NPV were 90.3%, 88%,84.2% and 92.8%

 

Conclusion:

 

CT chest is the most reliable, sensitive and rapid tool for triaging of patients as COVID positive or negative in busy emergency departments as compared to RT-PCR which is time consuming and has limitations such as faulty sampling technique, limited kits and variable sensitivity
The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Visits and Admissions in Paediatric Department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi
Authors: Asghar Rai Muhammad , Ashraf Rai Rijjal , Saheel Khalid , Hussain Abid
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To assess the effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on hospital visits and admissions of non-COVID-19 patients in 2020 compared to 2019.Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 2021 at the Department of Pediatrics, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi comparing the data of non-COVID-19 patients visits and admissions from January to December 2019 with non-COVID-19 patients visits and admissions from January to December 2020. The relevant data was retrieved from the Pediatric Department record on a pre-designed study questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version-24 for descriptive statistics and analysis. Results: The total OPD visits in 2019 were 112682 patients compared to 63859 patients in 2020 showing a 43.33% reduction. The total number of patients who visited pediatric emergency were 80274 in 2019 and 41182 in 2020, showing a decline of 48.65%. There were a total of 6151 admissions in the paediatric ward in 2019 compared to 2778 admissions in 2020 recording a decline of 54.84%. The admissions in the Neonatal Unit were 5544 in 2019 and 3528 in 2020 with a reduction of 36.36%. The admissions in PICU in 2019 were 2685 and in 2020 the admissions decline to 2011 which is a 25.1% reduction.Conclusion: There was a significant decline in both hospital visits and admissions in 2020 compared to those in 2019.
Future Time Perspective and Frustration Intolerance in Medical students
Authors: Khalid Areeb , Tariq Hafiz Tanveer , Afzal Muhammad Umar , Malik Abdur Rehman , Butt Adam Umair Ashraf , Khan Muhammad Sarfraz
Published: February 2022

Background: The future perception of students is affected by a series of events happening throughout their course of studies. The objective of this study is to measure the Future time perspective (FTP) and Future intolerance (FI) among medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study done from January 15, 2020 to July 20, 2020 among MBBS students of Rawalpindi Medical University. The questionnaire consisted of 1) Socio-demographic details, 2) Future Time Perspective scale, and 3) Frustration Discomfort scale. An online survey was done using Google Forms. An ANOVA was run to check for differences in FTP and FI between the classes. Bivariate analysis for continuous variables was applied. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.23.0 (IBM, Armonk, US). Results: Mean age of participants was 21.8 (SD=1.66) with majority females 331(58.4%). The mean FTP score and mean FI scores were 50.8(SD=19.43) and 91.46(SD=17.65) respectively. Final-year students had the highest mean score (Mean=57.94(SD=7.72)) for FI. On the other hand, mean scores for FDS were highest in first-year students (Mean=102.89 (SD=13.52)) while lowest in fourth-year students (Mean=81.73(SD=17.49)) with P=.005. There was a significant difference in the dimensions of Emotional Intolerance and achievement among females and males. Bivariate analysis showed a significant negative correlation was found between FTP and the dimension of discomfort intolerance (r = -0.158, p < 0.001), while a significant positive correlation was found between FTP and the dimension of achievement (r = 0.225, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study concludes that final-year students have a much higher tolerance level for adversities. Furthermore, they also have a much more positive perspective and a clearer vision regarding their future.
To determine the rate of success of external cephalic version in low risk breech presentations and possible factors affecting its success in POF hospital, Wah Cantt.
Authors: Majeed Noreen , Kalsoom Shabana , Safdar Faiza , Rafique Shazia , Tariq Shamsa , Bibi Saana
Published: February 2022

Abstract

 

Background

The caesarean section rate  is on the rise for various reasons. One of the reason is breech presentation . External cephalic version is a procedure to manipulate the baby from breech to cephalic presentation externally through the maternal abdomen under USG guidance . Success in ECV decreases the breech presentation and  hence caesarean section rate .

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted by Wah Medical College in POF hospital from10 Oct 2015- 10 Oct 2019 after approval from the ethical committee .

 It included 56 low risk singleton  breech presentations from 36 wks- 40 wks after taking their informed consent  While those with < than 36 wks (primis) and >40 wks gestation, refusal to ECV , with absolute contraindication to ECV& with medical and obstetric complications (ie scarred uterus, liquor  than 17 cm, fetal growth restriction, preclampsia, gestational diabetes & abnormal cardiotocography) were excluded  from the study. ECV was performed by single obstetrician in labour room with facilities  of cardiotocograph and emergency caesarean section. Cardiotocography of the fetus  for 30-40 min was done just before & after the procedure of ECV. ECV was declared successful on cofirming head of the fetus occupying the lower uterine segment on ultrasound.  .Number  of successful ECVs & specific factors  of the women & the baby (age . parity, amniotic fluid index ,type of breech, engagement of breech, position of back of baby)  were chosen to observe their effect on success of  ECV.

Results

External cephalic version was successful in 27 (48.2%)  & unsuccessful in 29 (51.8%)of women .Multiparity , unengaged breech & type of breech (complete flexed) ( with p values .001, .000 & .001 respectively) had statistically significant positive association with successful external cephalic version.

Conclusion

ECV should be offered to all  women with low risk breech presentations. Knowledge of factors predictive of ECV success can be utilized in selecting cases for ECV &counselling the women regarding the success and failure of ECV.
Frequency, Etiology and Leading Causes of Pre-Senile Cataract: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Kant Uzma Ali , Zubair Maria , Niazi Fuad A K , Farooq Qamar , Munir Sumra , Umer Seher
Published: February 2022

Background: Cataract is generally caused due to physical aging, but in some cases, there are chances that it may develop in early ages (Pre-senile cataract). Pre-senile cataract is believed not to be primary in nature and some underlying ocular/systemic/environmental factor is causing the lens opacification at an early age. This study aim was to determine frequency and risk factors of pre-senile cataract in our populationMethods: this observational study at Outdoor Patient - Eye in Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi (BBH), for the period from December 2017 to June 2018. Cataract was diagnosed on slit lamp examination. Detail history, Ocular and systemic examination was done for all pre-senile cataract cases. Laboratory/radiological investigations were performed when and where required. Using the Excel spreadsheet, Statistical analysis of descriptive data was carried out.Results: A total of 11448 patients were examined, whereby cataract was found in 849 (7.41%) patients. Out of these 849, 165 (19.43%) cases were pre-senile cataract. Pre-senile cataract was most seen in age group 30-49 86 (52.13%) and among women 93 (56.36%). The identified causes were idiopathic 55 (33.3%), diabetes 45(27.3%) and Steroids and other drugs related 33 (20.0%). posterior sub-capsular cataract is 60(36.36%) was most identified type in the study among pre-senile cataract.
The Outcome of Unreamed Interlocking Nail for the Management of Open Fractures of Tibial Shaft: An Observational Case Series
Authors: Khan Sher Dil , Haider Usman , Kanwal Romina , Shahzad Asim , Asghar Mobashar
Published: February 2022

Objective: This observational case series was designed to see of early debridement and unreamed interlocking nail have emerged as a better modality in the management of open fractures of the shaft of the tibia.Materials and Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted at the Department of orthopedics, Wah general Hospital Rawalpindi for a period of 6 months. Through non-probability purposive sampling, 60 cases of open fracture of the tibia were included. Unreamed interlocking nail was inserted in all the sixty patients and each nail was statically locked with one screw proximally and one screw distally. Patients were followed regularly i.e on the 1st then 10th, 20th, 30th post-operative day then monthly for 9 months in OPD, and data for union and infection were recorded. Results: The mean age for all patients was 32.82 ± 8.87years. There were 49 (81.7%) male and 11 (18.3%) female patients involved in this study. There were 27 (45%) patients who presented with Gustilo Anderson type I fracture, 23 (38.3%) had Gustilo Anderson type II and 10 (16.7%) had Gustilo Anderson type IIIA. We observed that there were 17 (28.3%) patients who had a transverse fracture, 22 (36.7%) had an oblique fracture, 8 (13.3%) had a spiral fracture and 13 (21.7%) had comminuted fracture. Union occurred within 5 months in 50 (83.3%) patients, 9 (15 %) showed delayed union while 1 (1.7%) patient had non-union after a course of follow-up. Infection was also observed in follow-up in only 8 (13.3%) cases while 52 (86.7%) cases did not show any sign of infection. Conclusion: Unreamed interlocking nailing is quite enough to manage the patients presenting with an open tibial fracture in terms of a higher union rate with low infection and non-union rate.
Comparison of Epinephrine and Salbutamol Nebulization in Acute Bronchiolitis in terms of mean change in RDAI Score
Authors: Zafar Anam , Zaman Nahdia , Shafique Muhammad Salman , Ghazi Shahzadi Sumbal , Amjad Maryam , Wahid Sughra
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to compare epinephrine and salbutamol nebulization in emergency management of moderately ill children less than one and a half years old with bronchiolitis in terms of mean change in respiratory distress assessment instrument (RDAI) score.

Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled design was selected in this trial at the Department of Pediatrics, KRL Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan from 24th April 2016 to 24th October 2016. Sixty children with acute bronchiolitis, having a moderate degree of illness (RDAI 8-15) were included in this study. Patient were randomly allocated into Group A (epinephrine = 0.1 mL/kg in concentration of 1:10000) and Group B (salbutamol = 0.15 mg/kg combined with 3 mL 0.9% normal saline). It was delivered by a nebulizer and a face mask with a continuous flow of 6 L/min at100% oxygen. Data was collected on a predesigned performa and assessed with reference to mean change in RDAI score.

Results: The patients ' mean age in Group A and Group B were 10.57±4.22 and 11.63±3.14 months, respectively. The majority of the patients were males (56%). The mean RDAI score was insignificant between the two groups, both at baseline (11.57±2.21 in epinephrine group vs 11.3±2.14 in salbutamol group, p = 0.63) and 125 minutes (4.77±2.19 in Epinephrine group vs 5.43±1.69 in Salbutamol group, p = 0.19). However, when stratified according to age and gender, the mean RDAI score was found statistically significant among the 2-12 months age group (p = 0.0045) and female gender (p = 0.0052).

Conclusion: Epinephrine and salbutamol have similar effects in acute bronchiolitis when compared with regards to mean change in RDAI score.
Epidemiologic Profile of Thyroid Disorders in a Tertiary Care Hospital, a Five Years Analysis
Authors: Nafisa Asma , Ikram Nadeem , Khursheed Soffia , Anjum Rabia , Akhtar Naeem
Published: February 2022

Background: Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered endocrine ailments in clinical practice.Objective: To determine the trends and frequency of thyroid disorders in patients presented for thyroid dysfunction at the department of Pathology Benazir Bhutto hospital RawalpindiStudy Design: Cross-sectional retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent thyroid function tests were enrolled in the study Thyroid function tests were performed on a fully automated Chemistry Analyzer. Graph Pad Prism version 7 and SPSS version 25 were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results: Out of 2856 patients, 81.9% were females and 18.1% were males. The mean age of the participants was 38.12 ± 14.51 years and the median was 35(13-96). Overall, 1951 (68.3%) of the subjects were euthyroid, 343(12.0%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism, 200 (7.0%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 192(6.7%) had overt hyperthyroidism and 168 (5.9%) had overt hypothyroidism. Females have a significantly high percentage of thyroid disorders as compared to males(χ2 =0.976 p =0.027). The major age group 798(27.9 %) tested for thyroid dysfunction suspicion was 24 to 33 years followed by 34-43 (22.9%).Conclusions: The thyroid dysfunction prevalence was higher in females than males. An upward trend in the frequency of thyroid dysfunction was observed with increasing age. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was the commonest abnormality observed. A steep rise in subclinical hyperthyroidism may be attributed to the high intake of iodized salt.
Ethambutol Induced Ocular Toxicity in Patients Receiving “Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course” Therapy
Authors: Kant Uzma Ali , Zubair Maria , Raza Ali , Niazi Fuad A K , Badar Anum , Mohsin Maimoona
Published: February 2022

Background: To determine the frequency of Ocular toxicity due to Ethambutol in Category-1 patients after receiving DOTS therapy. Methods: Category-1 tuberculosis patients of 15-60 years (both gender) with normal ocular parameters on ophthalmological assessment at time of initiation of DOTS therapy were included in the study. A total of 242 eyes (121 patients) were studied for any change in the vision or occurrence of any other ocular symptom while on the Ethambutol treatment. Each patient was followed up for Ethambutol compliance status at the completion of one month and again at two months of treatment, all the ophthalmological assessments for ocular toxicity were repeated for every selected patient. Category-2 patients with sputum smear positive who have relapsed, who have treatment failure or who are receiving treatment after treatment interruption were excluded from the study. The patient’s information was gathered on a specifically designed proforma. The information on the proforma was filled by the researchers themselves. Results: Out of 121 patients (242 eyes), 64 (52.9%) were males and 57 (47.1%) were females. There was no sign of ocular toxicity after a month period. However, after second month ocular toxicity was developed in 02 (1.65%) of the patients. Besides, decrease in visual acuity, color vision abnormalities, decrease in contrast sensitivity, and optic disc abnormalities were also observed in these 02 patients. Conclusion: There is a possibility of the occurrence of ocular toxicity when the Ethambutol is taken by the tuberculosis patients. Thus, the early identification of ocular symptoms and signs is vital to avoid unnecessary delay in diagnosis and probable irreversible visual loss.
Inguinal Hernia Repair on Day Care Basis During Global COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shah Syed Fahd , Minhas Zahid Mehmood , Faisal Malik Jawad , Shah Syed Hussain , Shah Syed Zubair
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has effected General Surgical Elective list and most of the surgical procedures are postpone. Inguinal hernia surgery can be performed under local anesthesia on day care basis in selected group of patients taking all necessary precautions for COVID-19.

Patients & Methods: This prospective study was conducted at department of General Surgery Federal Hospital, Islamabad for a period of three months from 15th March 2020 to 15th June 2020. All patients were included in the study through purposive sampling and preference was given to patients elder than 50 years of age. This study included 59 adult patients with inguinal hernia who under mesh repair under local anaesthesia on day care basis.

Results: A total of 59 patients were included in the study. All patients were male. The age range was from 37 to 82 years (SD=± 10.23).  30 (50.84%) patient had inguinal hernia on left side while 26 (44.06%) had hernia on right side. Mean Operative time was 35 min. Pain was chief complaint postoperatively 30 (50.8%) patients had moderate pain while 6 (10.1%) patients had severe pain in first 24 hours after surgery. Fever was present in 15 (25.42%) patients in first 24 hours. All patients were negative for COVID -19 preoperatively and after 2 weeks none of the patients develop any symptoms of COVID-19. 3 (5.08%) patients needed readmission within 24 hours for pain and some haemorrhage. There was no mortality in our study

Conclusions: Inguinal Hernia Surgery under local anaesthesia on day care basis in a very good practice at this time of global pandemic of COVID-19. This is a safe and reliable strategy.

Key words: Inguinal Hernia, COVID-19, Local Anaesthesia
Comparison of Intraarticular Ketorolac Versus Triamcinolone Acetone Injection in Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gondal Soban Sarwar , Zareen Abeera , Anwar Muhammad Haroon , Zaheer Jawad , Salim Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Objective:

            To compare the analgesic and functional outcomes of intra-articular ketorolac with corticosteroids in patients of knee OA.

Methods:

            In this randomized comparative study, we included patients of knee OA who were planned for intra-articular injections from January-2020 to December-2020 in the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine at Rawalpindi Medical University. Patients were allocated to two groups using block randomization, each block contained 30 patients and received injection of either triamcinolone (Group T) or ketorolac (Group K). VAS score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were noted at 1 week, 1 month and at 3 months of injection.

Results:

Mean baseline WOMAC score was 46.60±5.64 in group K and 47.0±5.27 in group T (p-value 0.74). Mean WOMAC score was reduced significantly at 1st week and 1 months and 3 months follow-up in both groups, with insignificant statistical difference in group K and T (p-value 0.39, 0.18 & 0.15 respectively). Baseline VAS score was 7.02±1.34 in group K versus 7.27±1.03 in group T (p-value 0.36). VAS score was also reduced at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months follow-up, however the mean VAS at intervals was not statistically different between group K and T with p-value of 0.13, 0.08 and 0.49 respectively. Treatment was successful in 22 (55%) patients in group K versus 24 (60%) patients in group T (p-value 0.65).

Conclusion:

            Intraarticular ketorolac has similar functional and analgesic outcomes as that of triamcinolone.
Association between Irregular Labour Pains and Meconium in Low Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Haq Aqsa Ikram ul , Bashir Shama , Sadiq Nadia , Shabana Nargis , Waheed Nabeela , Aqsa Umm E
Published: February 2022

Background

Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is a frequent occurrence seen by health care providers in obstetric and neonatal practice. MSAF is a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome even in low risk pregnancies, so MSAF can be taken as independent marker of fetal distress. MSAF was associated with higher rate of caesarean delivery, meconium aspiration syndrome, hospital admission and perinatal mortality.

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of MSAF in low risk pregnancies presenting with irregular labour pains between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation.

Material and Methods

This was a Descriptive case series conducted in Gynae / Obs Unit II, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from December 2020 to May 2021. All patients registered in the labour room of Obs/Gynae Unit-II between 37 to 40 weeks were evaluated for the occurrence of irregular labour pains, with the help of history and clinical examination. Presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid in low risk pregnancies presenting with irregular labour pains was noted. A cutoff value of 12 hours for irregular labour pains was taken and after that elective amniotomy was done to see the colour of liquor and delivery was planned accordingly. Informed written consent was taken from all patients before enrollment in study. All relevant information was recorded on specified proforma.

Results

Out of 120 low risk pregnant women those presenting with irregular labour pains, meconium was found positive in 77 (64.2%) pregnant women. Out of which majority 45 (37.5%) was 26-30 years old. The mean age of the pregnant women was 28.05 years those fall in the category of low risk pregnancies with irregular labour pains and the standard deviation was 4.354. Among 36 (30.0%) pregnant women who were 19-25 years old, meconium was found positive in 21 (17.5%) pregnant women. Among 45 (37.5%) pregnant women who were 26-30 years old, meconium was found positive in 32 (26.7%) pregnant women. Likewise among 39 (32.5%) pregnant women who were 31-38 years old, meconium was found positive in 24 (20.0%) pregnant women.

 

Conclusion

 Meconium-stained amniotic fluid was prevalent among majority of the women (64.2%) those presented with irregular labour pains and categorized as low risk. Mean age of the women was 28.05 years. MSAF was found positive among all three age groups but it was more prevalence in age group 26-30 years.
CREATIVE APPROACH TO SHAPING THE SYMBOLIC SYSTEM OF GLOBAL CULTURE
Authors: Ten Yulia Pavlovna
Published: February 2022

The key idea of the paper consists in suggestion that globalization focuses on the integration of different cultures under the umbrella of common ideas, norms and values. The globalization’s challenge is the necessity of searching the ways and methods of overcoming the intercultural barriers among different peoples. The purpose of the research is to analyze the issue of creating a symbolic system global culture, the access to cultural code of this system will help the participants of intercultural communication to minimize the barriers that prevent the mutual understanding. The author guesses that symbols can be seen as the creative technology for shaping universal layer of a global culture. To access this “layer” of a global culture, communication subjects must have a common cultural code. The creative information and communication technologies help subjects of intercultural communication to be able to reveal the cultural codes of other cultural systems. The author puts forward the idea of the need for shaping of the universal “cultural knowledge network” on creative digital platform. The knowledge of the symbol system of a global culture can help all peoples to open new perspective of transcultural communication in the context of creating common non-verbal language for mutual understanding.
The ODYSSEUS Survey. Motivation and First Results: Accretion, Ejection, and Disk Irradiation of CVSO 109
Authors: Espaillat C. C. , Herczeg G. J. , Thanathibodee T. , Pittman C. , Calvet N. , Arulanantham N. , France K. , Serna Javier , Hernández J. , Kóspál Á. , Walter F. M. , Frasca A. , Fischer W. J. , Johns-Krull C. M. , Schneider P. C. , Robinson C. , Edwards Suzan , Ábrahám P. , Fang Min , Erkal J. , Manara C. F. , Alcalá J. M. , Alecian E. , Alexander R. D. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Antoniucci Simone , Ardila David R. , Banzatti Andrea , Benisty M. , Bergin Edwin A. , Biazzo Katia , Briceño César , Campbell-White Justyn , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Coffey Deirdre , Eislöffel Jochen , Facchini Stefano , Fedele D. , Fiorellino Eleonora , Froebrich Dirk , Gangi Manuele , Giannini Teresa , Grankin K. , Günther Hans Moritz , Guo Zhen , Hartmann Lee , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Hinton P. C. , Kastner Joel H. , Koen Chris , Maucó K. , Mendigutía I. , Nisini B. , Panwar Neelam , Principe D. A. , Robberto Massimo , Sicilia-Aguilar A. , Valenti Jeff A. , Wendeborn J. , Williams Jonathan P. , Xu Ziyan , Yadav R. K.
Published: February 2022

The Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) Director’s Discretionary Program of low-mass pre-main-sequence stars, coupled with forthcoming data from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and James Webb Space Telescope, will provide the foundation to revolutionize our understanding of the relationship between young stars and their protoplanetary disks. A comprehensive evaluation of the physics of disk evolution and planet formation requires understanding the intricate relationships between mass accretion, mass outflow, and disk structure. Here we describe the Outflows and Disks around Young Stars: Synergies for the Exploration of ULLYSES Spectra (ODYSSEUS) Survey and present initial results of the classical T Tauri Star CVSO 109 in Orion OB1b as a demonstration of the science that will result from the survey. ODYSSEUS will analyze the ULLYSES spectral database, ensuring a uniform and systematic approach in order to (1) measure how the accretion flow depends on the accretion rate and magnetic structures, (2) determine where winds and jets are launched and how mass-loss rates compare with accretion, and (3) establish the influence of FUV radiation on the chemistry of the warm inner regions of planet-forming disks. ODYSSEUS will also acquire and provide contemporaneous observations at X-ray, optical, near-IR, and millimeter wavelengths to enhance the impact of the ULLYSES data. Our goal is to provide a consistent framework to accurately measure the level and evolution of mass accretion in protoplanetary disks, the properties and magnitudes of inner-disk mass loss, and the influence of UV radiation fields that determine ionization levels and drive disk chemistry.
Unresolved Binaries in the Intermediate Mass Range in the Pleiades Star Cluster*
Authors: Malofeeva Alina A. , Seleznev Anton F. , Carraro Giovanni
Published: February 2022

The identification of binary stars of different mass ratios in resolved stellar populations is a challenging task. We show how the photometric diagram constructed with the pseudocolors (H-W2)-W1 versus W2-(BP-K) can be employed to estimate the binary and multiple star ratios and the distribution of their component mass ratio q effectively. As an application, we investigate the Pleiades star cluster in the range of primary component mass between 0.5 and 1.8 M
⊙. The binary star ratio is found to be between 0.54 ± 0.11 and 0.70 ± 0.14. On the other hand, the ratio of systems with a multiplicity of more than two is between 0.10 ± 0.00 and 0.14 ± 0.01. The distribution of the component mass ratio q has been approximated by a power law with the exponent between −0.53 ± 0.10 and −0.63 ± 0.22. Below 0.5 M
⊙, we expect a large number of brown dwarfs among secondary components.
Accretion Disk Luminosity for Black Holes Surrounded by Dark Matter with Anisotropic Pressure
Authors: Kurmanov E. , Boshkayev K. , Giambò R. , Konysbayev T. , Luongo O. , Malafarina D. , Quevedo H.
Published: February 2022

We investigate the luminosity of the accretion disk of a static black hole surrounded by dark matter with anisotropic pressure. We calculate all basic orbital parameters of test particles in the accretion disk, such as angular velocity, angular momentum, energy, and radius of the innermost circular stable orbit as functions of the dark matter density, radial pressure, and anisotropic parameter, which establishes the relationship between the radial and tangential pressures. We show that the presence of dark matter with anisotropic pressure makes a noticeable difference in the geometry around a Schwarzschild black hole, affecting the radiative flux, differential luminosity, and spectral luminosity of the accretion disk.
Modeling and Simulation on the Rotating Band Engraving Process of 23 mm Projectile
Authors: Do V. Minh , Bui X. Son , Nguyen V. Huong
Published: February 2022

Dynamic engraving process of 23 mm projectile was studied using numerical simulation. A finite element model of projectile and barrel during the engraving process was constructed, and the deformation process of the driving band, the displacement parameters of the projectile, the force interaction between the projectile and the barrel were determined. To evaluate the simulation model, a semi-static experiment was carried out on an MTS-810 universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 20 mm min−1. The simulation results show that the mechanism of the 23 mm projectile rotating band engraving process is the plastic deformation process of the rotating band material, engraving time is 1.12 m s, and the projectile velocity after engraving is 105 m s−1. The simulation results reflect the actual rotating band engraving process, which is very distinct from the assumptions used in the classical ballistic model. This work provides an approach to investigating the interior ballistic processes considering the dynamic engraving of rotating bands.
Knowledge of HIV AIDS and Sexual Risk Transgender Women Behavior on Suburban City of Indonesia
Authors: Muzakkir Muzakkir , Darwis Darwis , Yunding Junaedi , Irfan Irfan
Published: February 2022

Objective: Transvestites are male sex-oriented women and look like women, transvestites physically want to look like women and psychologically they identify themselves as women. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge about HIV AIDS and risky sexual behavior in transvestites. Method: The research design used was Analytical Observational with a Crossectional Study approach. The number of samples of 103 people was selected by Purposive Sampling from all transvestites in Majene Regency. Retrieving data using knowledge questionnaires and risky sexual behavior. Data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test. Results: Average age of 25.33 years (SD = 4.43). Only about 13% had received university or higher education. The results of this study indicate that 33.0% with high level knowledge categories and 67.0% categories of lower level knowledgeableThe results showed a value of P: 0.007. Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge about HIV AIDS and risky sexual behavior in transvestites with p 0.007.
Effect of Protein Supplement Intake on Oral Health status of Bodybuilders. A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mahmoud Rabaa , Mostafa Diana , Aldawsari Fatimah Saad , Almutairi Rawan Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Background: This study was conducted to 1. estimate the effect of protein, creatine, and amino acids supplements on the oral health of bodybuilders. 2. compare the oral health status of bodybuilders with another non-bodybuilder group. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh city between April and July 2021. About 200 non-smokers Saudi men were recruited in the study which was allocated into two groups (100 subjects each); bodybuilders and non-bodybuilders. Oral health indicators like dental caries, plaque, and gingival indices were measured. Results: D and DMFT were higher in the bodybuilder group than in the non-bodybuilder [4.47 vs 0.89 for D, and 8.75 vs 4.58 for DMFT]. Also, P.I. and G.I. showed the same result. 60 % of participants were taking protein only, while 37% of them were taking a combination of protein, creatine, and amino acids. Only 3% were taking creatine. A positive significant association was found between the frequency of protein intake and D, Pl. I., and G.I. Negative significant association was found between Pl. I score and each of protein and combined intake of protein, creatine, and amino acids. Regarding G.I., combined supplement intake, protein intake, duration, and frequency of brushing were negatively associated with it [p=0.033, 0.026, 0.081, and 0.010 respectively]. Conclusion: From the previous findings we can conclude that poor oral hygiene practices among bodybuilders may be the real cause of their bad oral health. Also, the frequency of protein intake could be directly associated with increased dental caries, plaque accumulation, and gingivitis. While the higher intake of protein and combined supplements were associated with decreased plaque and gingival indices.
Profiles of Patients with Musculoskeletal Injury in Children at Tertiary Referral Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Sananta Panji , Julana Rizky , Siahaan Lasa Dhakka
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Fractures in children cause a long-term disability and decrease the quality of life in every person involved. Factors that affect fracture incidence must be identified so that we can create prevention management. This study evaluates children's fracture patterns in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang from January 2016 until August 2020.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among children under 18 years old by analyzing patients' medical records.  The characteristics of patients and fractures are reviewed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.
Results: We analyze 774 children as the sample study, with 70% of them being boys. Fractures mainly occur in the 12-18 years old group (92.8%). Most of them are caused by traffic accidents (58%). Consequently, the street (76.9%) is the most frequent place of trauma. Closed fractures (70%) are the most common type, and distal radius or ulna (21.2%) is the fracture's most frequent site. For treatment, the majority of patients have undergone closed reduction and casting (21.7%).
Conclusion: Fractures in children occur predominantly in boys and result from traffic accidents. A single and close fracture is the most common type of fracture.
Prevalence of Subclinical Keratoconus in Children with Astigmatism in Iraq
Authors: Layikh Haider , Abbas Farooq M. , Attar Hasanain H. , Kadhum Alyaa A.
Published: February 2022

Background: Keratoconus is a progressive ectatic corneal pathology that involves both eyes, its usually asymmetrical, its early diagnosis and treatment are vital for the prevention of ocular morbidity that usually happen if it's not treated.
Aim: To detect the prevalence of subclinical keratoconus and keratoconus suspect in children with the astigmatic error of ≥2 Diopters in Diwaniya city, Iraq.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study, which investigates all the children aged six to eighteen years with an astigmatic error of ≥2 Diopters who attended the ophthalmology department for a routine eye examination during the period from January 2020 to June 2021.
All children underwent full eye examination and corneal imaging study with a modern set which is a pentagram with Scheimpflug technology.
 
Results: we had 488 children participated in our study, the Mean age of participants was 12.01 ± 1.24 (range 6–18) years, 255 children were males (52.2%) and 233 were female children (47.7%) and they were divided into 2 age groups: first one between 6 and 12 years 225 children ( 46.1%)  the second one between 12 to 18 years include 263 children (53.8%).
We found 21 children with subclinical keratoconus ( 4.3% ) and 24 children were keratoconus suspects ( 4.9% ).
 
Conclusion: the prevalence of keratoconus whether subclinical or suspect among the children with astigmatism who enrolled in our study was relatively high, the use of modern imaging technique tests is vital in the diagnosis.
Benthic macroinvertebrates assemblages of glacial-fed (Bheri) and rain-fed (Babai) rivers in western Nepal in the wake of proposed inter-basin water transfer
Authors: Khatri Kumar , Gurung Smriti , Jha Bibhuti , Khadka Udhab
Published: February 2022

Benthic macroinvertebrates, encompassing large taxonomic groups of invertebrate organisms, are important components of aquatic ecosystems and play crucial roles in aquatic food webs. These organisms are also extensively used in water quality assessments as bioindicators for a range of stressors. Inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) is the transfer of water from a donor basin to a recipient basin and such transfers have both beneficial as well as adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study attempts to generate baseline information on macroinvertebrates assemblages in glacial-fed (Bheri) and rain-fed (Babai) rivers of west Nepal, where Nepal’s first ever inter-basin transfer is in progress and the data can be used to assess the impact of inter-basin water transfer on water quality and aquatic biodiversity after completion.

The dataset includes the records on the taxonomic diversity of macroinvertebrate in the Bheri and the Babai River systems. A total of 56 families of macroinvertebrates belonging to eight classes and four phyla were observed. A significant variation between the glacial-fed and rain-fed and seasons were observed reflecting different ecological zones and abiotic variables in the rivers and their catchments. Hydropsychidae and Baetidae were reported to be the most abundant taxa in the Bheri River system, whereas Gyrinidae, Physidae, Chironomidae and Hydropsychidae were most abundant taxa in the Babai River system.
La fin de l’urbanisation en France ?
Authors: Dumont Gérard-François , Guieysse Jean-Albert , Rebour Thierry
Published: February 2022

De l’avènement de l’ère industrielle à la fin des Trente Glorieuses, l’espace français a connu un phénomène de concentration de sa population dans les villes, donc d’urbanisation. Cette dynamique a fait devenir majoritaire la population des villes auparavant minoritaire. Ce phénomène se prolonge-t-il jusqu’à ce que le peuplement de la France devienne exclusivement urbain ? Ne serait-ce pas le contraire qui se déploie face à des dynamiques centrifuges du peuplement à toutes les échelles ? Une étude fine des évolutions et de leurs causes, enrichie par l’analyse des changements dans la hiérarchie des villes, permet de répondre à ces questions.
An overview of human infections caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: A zoonotic risk of the oldest friend
Authors: Priyantha MAR
Published: February 2022

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is colonized in 90% of healthy dogs and the infection has also been reported in humans who have close contact with dogs.  S. pseudintermedius is a Gram positive coagulase positive coccus which is an opportunistic pathogen. Human infection has been reported less frequently either due to misidentification or misdiagnosis or to underreporting. The objective of this overview is to highlight the epidemiology, clinical presentation, importance of laboratory tests and antimicrobial resistance of S. pseudintermedius in humans.Human infections of S. pseudintermedius have been reported as case studies or clusters of infections in the literature. Several cases have been reported among the adult population, and in patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised states such as AIDS, cancers, and autoimmune diseases.  The organism had been isolated and identified both in healthy people and individuals with adverse clinical outcomes. S. pseudintermedius causes skin and soft tissue infections, catheter associated infections and surgical site infections in humans. The incidence of skin and soft tissue infection by S. pseudintermedius in humans was 0.025% in Canada. Methicillin resistance S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has been isolated both in healthy people and associated with clinical infections. MRSP is often multidrug resistant and therapeutic options are limited. Multidrug resistance has been detected in methicillin susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP). Close association of a canine host is the major risk factor in humans and vulnerable individuals need to be persuaded to practice hygienic practices to minimize the risk of zoonotic infection.In conclusion, differentiation of S. pseudintermedius from S. aureus is required to understand the epidemiology of the disease, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and further interpretation of antimicrobial resistance in the human clinical context. Suitable hygienic practices post handling of dogs and improvement of laboratory facilities would help minimize the incidence of S. pseudintermedius infections in humans.
Morte cerebrale e morte della persona
Authors: Fiori Angelo , Sgreccia Elio
Published: February 2022

Non disponibile
Successful treatment of COVID-19 induced neutrophilic myositis with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids: a case report
Authors: Assar S. , Pournazari M. , Soufivand P. , Mohamadzadeh D.
Published: February 2022

Neutrophilic myositis (NM) is an inflammatory disorder predominantly characterized by neutrophilic infiltration in the muscles, which is suggested to be an extracutaneous manifestation of neutrophilic dermatosis (ND). NM is a rare disorder which has been occasionally reported in association with hematologic and inflammatory disorders. This case report describes a 45-year-old woman who presented with gradual muscle weakness developed after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity findings were compatible with inflammatory myopathy and muscle biopsy revealed neutrophilic infiltration. She was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day and azathioprine 150 mg/day. In conclusion, the COVID-19 infection itself and the drugs used to treat it can cause a number of muscle disorders. Awareness of muscular involvement in COVID-19 infected patients is important for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.