bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kecernaan Nutrien pada Babi Lokal Periode Pertumbuhan yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Biji Asam Biokonversi Spontan (NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN GROWING LOCAL PIG FED WITH DIET COMPOSED OF SPONTENOUS BIOCONVERTED-TAMARIND SEED)
Authors: Wea Redempta , Wirawan I Gusti Komang Oka , Koten Bernadete Barek
Published: April 2018

A research aimed to evaluate nutrients digestibility in growing local male pig fed spontaneous bioconverted-tamarind seed has been done in animal feed technology laboratory of Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic.The research used 25 local male grower pigs with body weight around 3-6 kg. The study used a randomized block design with five treatments, i.e. R0 = ration using tamarind seeds without bioconversion, R1 = ration using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 24 hours, R2 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 48 hours, R3 = rations using bioconversion tamarinds spontaneous for 72 hours, and R4 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 96 hours. Each treatment was repeated five times in which each of them used five pigs. Parameters observed were nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash). The data were analyzed by using variance and continued by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that the time of spontaneous bioconversion of tamarind seeds increased the digestibility of tamarind seed nutrients and it was concluded that the best time of spontaneous bioconversion was for 72 hours.
The effects of wine consumption on cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors: a narrative review
Authors: Teissedre Pierre-Louis , Stockley Creina , Boban Mladen , Ruf Jean-Claude , Ortiz Alba Marta , Gambert Philippe , Flesh Markus
Published: April 2018

Accumulating evidence suggests that regular moderate consumption of wine can positively influence risk factors associated with cardiovascular health. These effects are often attributed to grape and wine-derived phenolic compounds and their effects on risk factors such as atherosclerosis, for which mechanisms have been clearly identified, such as a decrease in the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol and reduction of oxidative stress, and an increase in nitric oxide and related restoration of endothelial function. In addition, the ethanol component of wine increases HDL-cholesterol, inhibits platelet aggregation, promotes fibrinolysis and reduces systemic inflammation. Scientific research needs to be conducted, however, before we can begin to provide science-based dietary recommendations, although there is sufficient evidence to generally recommend consuming food sources rich in bioactive compounds such as wine in moderation. This narrative review examines published evidence on the cardioprotective effects associated with wine-derived compounds, with a primary focus on the development and progression of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Nutrición enteral del paciente crítico en el siglo XXI
Authors: Ruiz Santana Sergio
Published: April 2018

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The Linkage between Ecological Knowledge and Behaviour Intention in Green Campus Students
Authors: Riyadi Idhun Prasetyo , Prayitno Baskoro Adi , Karyanto Puguh -
Published: April 2018

The UI GreenMetric is a university world ranking for universities to assess and compare campus sustainability efforts. UI GreenMatric's ultimate goal is to assess how committed the universities are to environmental management in the campus area. Sebelas Maret University is ranked 76th in the world and 5th in the national level. Measurement of the ecological literacy ability of the students of Sebelas Maret University received low results on attitude and knowledge aspects. Measurement of attitude aspect using NEP scale got an average result equal to 62% while measurement of knowledge aspect using a scale of ecology concept gets an average result equal to 56%. This paper intends to discuss the relationship between attitude and knowledge aspects of students at Sebelas Maret University. Quantitative regression analysis is used to look at the relationship between the two aspects of ecological literacy on lecture activities and student attitude observation. Improved environmental management in the campus area can be done by improving the concept of students first because it can affect how students behave.
Natural-Gas-Liquids Recovery - Retrofit Breathes New Life Into Old Scrubber
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: April 2018

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 188200, “NGL Recovery—A New Concept for an Old Scrubber,” by Ankur Jariwala, SPE, Pinkesh Sanghani, and Dag Kvamsdal, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2017 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 13–16 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

An onshore gas-processing facility in Southeast Asia currently receives rich wet gas from an offshore production unit. Because of an inefficient scrubber design, the gas-processing facility was experiencing natural-gas-liquid (NGL) carryover of 1,550 B/D from the scrubber into the pipelines. A retrofit scrubber was designed to increase the NGL production by 8,540 B/D. This paper presents details of the retrofit scrubber design and shows the importance of using high-efficiency separation internals.

Challenges With the Existing Scrubber

The condensate scrubber vessel was originally designed to handle 300 MMscf/D of gas. The condensate scrubber had an inlet vane and pack internals along with a mesh pad for final demisting. The customer deter-mined that the scrubber was designed incorrectly because, since the plant startup, it was experiencing large NGL carryover from the scrubber into the gas lines. Because of this inefficient scrubber vessel, the facility was losing approximately 1,550 B/D of NGL.

The existing scrubber design was analyzed with governing empirical formulas and computational-fluid- dynamics (CFD) analysis to identify the following challenges.

The existing scrubber vessel had limitations in managing maximum gas loading (k-value) before the bulk of the liquid was dragged by the gas to the demister section of the scrubber. Maximum vessel k-value was predicted to be 0.347 m/s, and values were considered to be much higher in this application.

The inlet device was designed inadequately, leading to incorrect flow paths and a poor distribution of fluids.

Because of the inertia of the gas, the entry flow into the vessel pushed the gas upward in the vane pack, resulting in poor distribution in the vane-pack region such that only part of the vane pack was used.

High-velocity zones in the vessel reduced the performance of the vane pack.

The overall separation performance for the current separator was estimated to be 51%, resulting in a gross liquid carryover of 8,500 B/D.

CFD Analysis of the Existing Scrubber

Fig. 1 shows the predicted gas flow in the vessel, illustrated by path lines. The simulation shows that a relatively large fraction of the gas is directed downward against the liquid pad. This could result in re-entrainment from the already-separated liquid, leading to high liquid carryover.

The poor flow distribution in the inlet vane is caused by a very large and sudden expansion of the flow area in the vane. This undesirable distribution creates zones of high gas velocity, causing droplet breakup and low separation performance in the vessel.
Corporate social responsibility practices of banks in Bangladesh: a structuration theory perspective
Authors: Ndiweni Esinath , Haque Faizul , Kamal Hassan Mostafa
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is to illuminate the role of the socio-economic, cultural and religious context in shaping corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of banks in Bangladesh. The authors utilize content analysis of annual reports and websites of banks to identify CSR activities in healthcare, education and financial inclusion sectors. Structuration theory (ST) is used to explain how interactions between bank managers (as agents) with the social structures (institutions and government) shape CSR practices. The findings show that banks’ engagement in CSR activities is embedded in the social fabric of Bangladesh and not a result of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). It is also noted that Islamic banks focus their CSR activities on social justice, while other banks target education and other humanitarian issues. The authors contribute to the literature on the determinants of CSR by revealing the rationalizations of different actors in the production and reproduction of CSR practices in Bangladesh, an insight attributed to ST. The researchers conclude that Islamic beliefs influenced managers to mitigate poverty through CSR investments.
Global comparison of 20 reference evapotranspiration equations in a semi-arid region of Iran
Authors: Farzanpour Hadi , Shiri Jalal , Sadraddini Ali Ashraf , Trajkovic Slavisa
Published: April 2018

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a major task in hydrology, water resources management, irrigation scheduling and determining crop water requirement. There are many empirical equations suggested by numerous references in literature for calculating ETo using meteorological data. Some such equations have been developed for specific climatic conditions while some have been applied universally. The potential for usage of these equations depends on the availability of necessary meteorological parameters for calculating ETo in different climate conditions. The focus of the present study was a global cross-comparison of 20 ETo estimation equations using daily meteorological records of 10 weather stations (covering a period of 12 years) in a semi-arid region of Iran. Two data management scenarios, namely local and cross-station scenarios, were adopted for calibrating the applied equations against the standard FAO56-PM model. The obtained results revealed that the cross-station calibration might be a good alternative for local calibration of the ETo models when proper similar stations are used for feeding the calibration matrix.
Distribution of natural radionuclides and radon concentration in the riverine environs of Cauvery, South India
Authors: Kaliprasad C. S. , Narayana Y.
Published: April 2018

Systematic studies were carried out to understand the distribution of natural radionuclides in sediments and radon in water in the riverine environs of Cauvery, one of the major rivers of South India. The activity of radionuclides in the sediment was measured by gamma ray spectrometry. The radon emanation from the sediment was measured by the sealed ‘can technique’ and the radon in the water was measured using the RAD-7 instrument. The mean values of 40 K, 226Ra, and 232Th in the sediment samples were found to be 297.3 ± 4.16 Bq kg−1, 75.1 ± 2.64 Bq kg−1, and 85.5 ± 2.62 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean activity of radon, radon exhalation rate, and radium content were found to be 135.68 Bq m−3, 327.1 mBq m−1 h−1, and 133.03 mBq kg−1, respectively. The radon in the water ranged from 0.19 kBq m−3 to 1.40 kBq m−3. The hyper pure germanium gamma spectroscopy measured via 226Ra activity and the radon activity measured by the passive can technique showed good correlation. The mean value of radon in the water was within the internationally recommended level. The sediment was considered safe for the purpose of construction, except for some extreme values, and the water was deemed safe for drinking.
Próba uchwycenia charakteru prawnego instytucji zaręczyn oraz skutki związane z ich odwołaniem w świetle prawa polskiego ze wskazaniem regulacji w prawie niemieckim i włoskim
Authors: Jenda Monika
Published: April 2018

Gdy z ustawodawstwa polskiego likwidowano regulację prawną zaręczyn, w środowisku prawniczym panowało powszechne przekonanie o braku potrzeby istnienia takiej kodyfikacji prawnej. Znaczenie obietnicy małżeństwa umniejszono raczej do rangi zakorzenionego w historii obyczaju, odmawiając jej doniosłości prawnej. Obecnie doktryna przyjmuje różne koncepcje, które mogłyby określić charakter prawny zaręczyn. Oprócz wskazania rysu historycznego instytucji zaręczyn, w niniejszym artykule znalazły się teoretyczne rozważania na temat charakteru prawnego przyrzeczenia małżeństwa. Z praktycznego punktu widzenia tego zwyczaju niezwykle istotne zdało się także wskazanie rozwiązań prawnych, jakie mogą mieć zastosowanie w przypadku ewentualnej odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej nupturienta zrywającego przyrzeczenie w związku z wydatkami poczynionymi na organizację zaślubin i przyjęcia weselnego. Całość dopełnia odniesienie do jurydycznych uregulowań zaręczyn w prawie niemieckim oraz włoskim.
Towards a revised stratigraphy for the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic boundary at La Güelga (Narciandi, Asturias, Spain). Soil micromorphology and new radiocarbon data
Authors: Kehl M. , Álvarez-Alonso D. , De Andrés-Herrero M. , Carral González P. , García E. , Jordá Pardo J.F. , Menéndez M. , Quesada J.M. , Rethemeyer J. , Rojo J. , Tafelmaier Y. , Weniger Gerd-Christian
Published: April 2018

The archaeological sequence of the Palaeolithic site of La Güelga apparently shows an interstratification of Aurignacian between the Mousterian and Châtelperronian layers, a sequence which disagrees with the stratigraphic model for the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in SW-Europe. We analyzed the witness section of the interior sector in archaeological zone D using micromorphology and collected new radiocarbon dates for the Aurignacian and presumably Châtelperronian levels in order to provide detailed sediment descriptions of the site and scrutinize the presumed interstratification. Thin sections from Mousterian levels 8 and 9 show microstratification, signs of trampling and preferential sub-horizontal orientation of elongated particles. These features are less strongly developed in the Aurignacian deposit of levels 5 and 6 and are lacking in the presumably Châtelperronian ones of levels 1 and 2. The deposits of the latter show other features of reworked slope deposits such as a randomized distribution of limestone clasts. Radiocarbon dating on bone samples from level 2 places this layer to between ~41.5 and 45 ka cal BP, hence older than Aurignacian level 5, dated to between ~35.5 and 41.5 ka cal BP. Comparative dating of bones with and without ultrafiltration pretreatment conducted in two different laboratories yielded results in excellent agreement. Overall, the micromorphological observations and new radiocarbon ages strongly suggest that the few finds of presumably Châtelperronian affinity and sediments of levels 1 and 2 were transported by slope processes into the shelter.
Geoarchaeology applied to paleo-environmental reconstruction: Late Holocene evolution in NE Spain
Authors: Peña Monné J.L.
Published: April 2018

Geoarchaeological research carried out in NE Spain have focused on the study of Holocene geoarchaeological records linked with settlement areas from Neolithic to Middle Age and Little Ice Age. The dynamic of geomorphological processes, characteristic of these drylands, allow us to obtain fast and identifiable answers in the way of sedimentary records. These records are the consequence of slight changes in the slope stability and the operation of river systems. In this paper we present a synthesis of the information provided by slopes, rock shelters, valley bottoms, and alluvial fans. A succession of evolutionary stages was obtained on each environment identifying its origin according to Holocene climate fluctuations and human intervention over territory. The results of this research are of great interest when applied to archaeological prospection, the knowledge of past settlements, and the paleo-environmental reconstruction of NE Spain, where the strong erosion complicates the conservation of many archeological sites.
Evidence of Quarrying at the Iron Age Site of Torre d’en Galmés, Menorca, Spain
Authors: Pérez-Juez A. , Goldberg P.
Published: April 2018

The island of Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) contains numerous megalithic structures (e.g., watchtowers, sanctuaries) and private buildings (e.g., domestic spaces, storage areas). Until recently, archaeological research has concentrated on architecture (and associated material remains), but research on the raw materials (source, method of quarrying and their social implications) in constructing these monuments has been very sparse. This paper summarizes some initial results of our recent excavations at Torre d’en Galmés, which show that the quarrying of limestone was widespread: within buildings, in open spaces between buildings, and beyond the limits of the main occupation of the site. Inhabitants exploited joints and bedding planes in the Miocene limestone that covers the southern half of the island, ignoring softer marls, which have been quarried for construction only since the Roman conquest. The sizes and shapes of the quarried blocks can be used to reflect on social aspects, since quarrying of small blocks within buildings could have been whereas the extraction, transport, and construction of large standing uprights from outside the limits of the site would have required a greater communal effort.
Seismic effects in archaeological sites: archaeoseismological cataloguing and quantification
Authors: Giner-Robles J.L. , Rodríguez-Pascua M.A. , Silva P. G. , Pérez-López R.
Published: April 2018

The analysis of the damage caused by seismic events in archaeological sites provides significant information about ancient and historic earthquakes that can improve seismic hazard analysis. In this paper a methodological analysis to quantify the deformation of structural damage recorded in archaeological sites is proposed. This methodology focuses on the establishment of the seismic / non-seismic origin of the observed damage and consists of three phases: (a) identification and inventory of damage; (b) quantification of deformation; and (c) incorporation of the results to seismic catalogues. The first phase is the inventory and mapping of the damage according with the classification of archaeological effects of earthquakes (EAEs). The second phase is to quantify the deformation of damage by setting different parameters such as the direction of maximum horizontal strain (ey). This analysis is performed at different levels: for each of the recorded EAEs, for all the records of a particular category of EAEs, and finally for the complete archaeological site including all the categories of EAEs. The homogeneity of the results (damage orientation) allows us to establish the seismic origin of deformations. This methodology has been developed in the Roman site of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, Spain) and has been applied to different historical earthquakes in the Iberian Peninsula. To calibrate the method, analyses on oriented damage were carried out immediately after the
Bacteriophage-Based Biosensor for Detection of E. coli Bacteria on Graphene Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Keihan Amir H. , Hosseinzadeh Ghader , Sajjadi Sharareh , Ashiani Danial , Dashtestani Fariba , Eskandari Khadijeh
Published: April 2018

Background:

Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria is one of the hazardous human pathogens. Consequently, developing the rapid and effective method for identification and quantization of E. coli is popular in biotechnological researches in recent years.

Experimental:

In this research, a label-free capacitance E. coli biosensor was fabricated based on immobilizing bacteriophage on the carbon paste electrode (Cp). Reduced graphene (RGr) was synthesized and used as a substrate for immobilization of bacteriophage on the Cp surface. E. coli bacteriophage was trapped in graphene modified carbon paste electrodes. The immobilization accuracy was confirmed via electrochemical techniques. The modified electrodes were applied as indicator electrodes for capacitance measurements of E. coli.

Results:

Through this method, E. coli was detected in a concentration range of 33×10-3 to 330×10-3 N L-1 (number of E. coli per Liter) with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and a detection limit of 12×10-3 N L-1.

Conclusion:

The proposed biosensor has a fast response time of about 5 s and good selectivity over other bacteria.
लखनऊ महानगर के निवासियों में राजनीतिक प्रभाविकता भावना
Authors: राठौर गुरूप्रसाद
Published: April 2018

बीवसंतसल त्मेमंतबी श्रवनतदंसश्े पे सपबमदेमक ठेंमक वद ं ूवता ंज ूूण्ेतरपेण्बवउ
राजनीति एक गतिशील सन्तुलन है, इसकी गतिषीलता के लिए अनेक कारक (यथा- सामाजिक, आर्थिक राजनीतिक आदि) उत्तरदायी हैं। परिवर्ती सामाजिक दशाओं के लिए, वर्तमान परिप्रेक्ष्य में विशेषकर सामाजिक सन्दर्भों में राजनीतिक कारणों की भूमिका अहम तथा निर्णायक है। राजनीतिक घटनाक्रमों का व्यक्तियों की सोच तथा राजनीतिक क्षमता (प्रभाविकता) से घनिश्ट तथा प्रत्यक्ष सम्बन्ध होता है; सम्प्रति राजनीति विज्ञान, मनोविज्ञान तथा राजनीति शास्त्र के शोध-अध्येताओं के लिए राजनीतिक प्रभाविकता भावना एक नवीनतम क्षेत्र विकसित हुआ है। भारतीय सन्दर्भ में विचार करने पर हम पाते हैं कि इस महत्वपूर्ण एवं नवीन प्रत्यय पर सर्वप्रथम सन् 1960-1970 के दशक में अनुसंधान कार्य आरम्भ हुए; लेकिन ये अनुसंधान कार्य एकपक्षीय चुनाव-प्रक्रिया, राजनीतिक व्यवहार एवं मतदान-व्यवहार के अध्ययनों तक ही सीमित थे। भारत में ‘सन् 1975-1977’ राजनीतिक परिवर्तन (राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर सत्ता परिवर्तन) के क्षेत्र में हुए आमूल चूल परिवर्तनों के लिए उल्लेखनीय है। यहॉं से भारतीय समाज में ‘राजनीतिक सोच’ तथा ‘ राजनीतिक प्रभाविकता भावना ’ समाज के निचले पायदान पर खड़े अन्तिम व्यक्ति (इकाई)/समूह में प्रस्फुटित होकर प्रकटतः दृष्टिगत होने लगी। परिणामस्वरूप विभिन्न जातिगत तथा क्षेत्रीय राजनैतिक दल अपना महत्व पाकर अस्तित्व में आने लगे एवं समाज में उत्पन्न ‘ राजनीतिक प्रभाविकता भावना ’ की शक्ति को सामान्य व्यवहार में महसूस किया जाने लगा। इस रूप में अनुसंधान हेतु यह एक नया प्रत्यय है। जिस पर यह अनुसंधान कार्य सम्पादित किया जा रहा है। भारतीय समाज, ग्रामीण समाज की मेधा का पर्याय है। राश्ट्रपिता बापू ने इसी दृष्टि से राष्ट्रीय आन्दोलन में ग्राम स्वराज्य का सपना समाज के सामने रखा था। भारतीय ग्रामीण समाज, की सुप्त ऊर्जा और षक्ति की महत्ता को बापू ने जेहनी तौर पर समझा और स्वीकार किया था। वे यह भली भांति जानते थे कि समृद्ध राश्ट्र का उद्भव, ग्रामीण समाज की कोख से ही संभव है। उनकी स्वतंत्रता की अवधारणा केवल राजनैतिक ही नहीं थी बल्कि इससे बहुत अधिक व्यापक थी।
You Will Know That Despite Being HIV Positive You Are Not Alone: Qualitative Study to Inform Content of a Text Messaging Intervention to Improve Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (Preprint)
Authors: Fairbanks Jade , Beima-Sofie Kristin , Akinyi Pamela , Matemo Daniel , Unger Jennifer A , Kinuthia John , O'Malley Gabrielle , Drake Alison L , John-Stewart Grace , Ronen Keshet
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) relies on long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mobile health approaches, such as text messaging (short message service, SMS), may improve adherence in some clinical contexts, but it is unclear what SMS content is desired to improve PMTCT-ART adherence.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore the SMS content preferences related to engagement in PMTCT care among women, male partners, and health care workers. The message content was used to inform an ongoing randomized trial to enhance the PMTCT-ART adherence.

METHODS

We conducted 10 focus group discussions with 87 HIV-infected pregnant or postpartum women and semistructured individual interviews with 15 male partners of HIV-infected women and 30 health care workers from HIV and maternal child health clinics in Kenya. All interviews were recorded, translated, and transcribed. We analyzed transcripts using deductive and inductive approaches to characterize women’s, partners’, and health care workers’ perceptions of text message content.

RESULTS

All women and male partners, and most health care workers viewed text messages as a useful strategy to improve engagement in PMTCT care. Women desired messages spanning 3 distinct content domains: (1) educational messages on PMTCT and maternal child health, (2) reminder messages regarding clinic visits and adherence, and (3) encouraging messages that provide emotional support. While all groups valued reminder and educational messages, women highlighted emotional support more than the other groups (partners or health care workers). In addition, women felt that encouraging messages would assist with acceptance of their HIV status, support disclosure, improve patient-provider relationship, and provide support for HIV-related challenges. All 3 groups valued not only messages to support PMTCT or HIV care but also messages that addressed general maternal child health topics, stressing that both HIV- and maternal child health–related messages should be part of an SMS system for PMTCT.

CONCLUSIONS

Women, male partners, and health care workers endorsed SMS text messaging as a strategy to improve PMTCT and maternal child health outcomes. Our results highlight the specific ways in which text messaging can encourage and support HIV-infected women in PMTCT to remain in care, adhere to treatment, and care for themselves and their children.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02400671; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02400671 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70W7SVIVJ)
The mindful self-leader: Investigating the relationships between self-leadership and mindfulness
Authors: Furtner Marco R. , Tutzer Laura , Sachse Pierre
Published: April 2018

Although self-leadership and mindfulness comprise the same self-regulatory core (observation) regarding attention in relation to mental states and have similar outcomes (e.g., stress reduction, increased performance), the relationships between self-leadership and mindfulness have not
yet been examined. In this study, 174 participants completed self-report measures of self-leadership and mindfulness. Results showed that self-leadership was positively related to the observing facet of mindfulness. The importance of observation and the role of openness to experience in self-leadership
and mindfulness are discussed.
Proactive personality and innovative behavior: The mediating roles of job-related affect and work engagement
Authors: Kong Yangtao , Li Mingjun
Published: April 2018

We examined the potential effects of job-related affect and work engagement as mediators in the relationship between proactive personality and innovative behavior. The Proactive Personality Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Work Engagement Scale, and Innovative Behavior
Scale were completed by 320 primary- and middle-school teachers in western China. Results showed that proactive personality was significantly and positively related to the teachers' innovative behavior. The effect of proactive personality on innovative behavior was partly mediated by both
positive affect and work engagement in simple mediator roles, and by the sequential mediating effects of positive affect and work engagement. Possible explanations are discussed in light of previous findings. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
KAJIAN KANDUNGAN FENOLAT DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL TEMPE GEMBUS DARI BERBAGAI WAKTU INKUBASI
Authors: Sidiq Mohammad , Mappiratu Mappiratu , Nurhaeni Nurhaeni
Published: April 2018

The research about study of content phenolic and antioxidant activity extract ethanol tempeh gembus of a variety of incubation has been done. This study aims to know the time of incubation and time extraction that produced levels of the total phenolic and the best antioxidant activity. Determination of total phenolic using the method of folin-ciocalteu and antioxidant activity using the method DPPH. The achievement of goals be done through the application of the treatment of the time of incubation and time extraction of level of phenolic and antioxidant activity. The influence of the time of incubation is applied five levels of 0 hours; 12 hours; 24 hours; 36 hours and 48 hours. While the influence of time extraction is 1 hours, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, and 3 hours. From the result obtained by the incubation is at the time of incubation 36 hours which resulted in levels of total phenolic of 7.75 % and the value of IC50 0f 1098.88 µg/mL. The use of time extraction is 1,5 hours that produces levels of total phenolic of 5.26 % and the value of IC50 of 1198.95 µg/mL.Keyword: tempeh gembus, total phenolic, antioxidant activity, time of incubation, time extraction
KAJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara L) BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KEPOLARAN PELARUT
Authors: Mangela Oktavian , Ridhay Ahmad , Musafira Musafira
Published: April 2018

The investigation about the antioxidant activity of tembelekan (Lantana camara L) leaf extract based on level polar solvent . Has been done the aim of this study was to determine the IC50 value and to know the content of antioxidant compounds from tembelekan leaf extract based on the level of polar solvent the extraction of tembelekan leaf was done with maceration method . The result showed that ethyl acetate extract of tembelekan leaf has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value was 71,70 ppm. Keywords: Tembelekan ( Lantana Camara L ) , IC50 , Antioxidant , DPPH
PRODUKSI MALTODEKSTRIN DARI TEPUNG SAGU MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM Α-AMILASE
Authors: Sunari Sunari , Bahri Syaiful , Ys. Hardi
Published: April 2018

The title of  this research is “ the production of maltodextrin of sagoo flour using α-amylase”. The objective of this research is to find out the amount of sagoo flour, enzym and time reaction the produced maltodextrin with the highest dextrosa equivalent. To find the highest dextrosa equivalent, the treatment was vary the weight of sagoo flour, the amount of enzym and time. The variation of sagoo flour weight was 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 gram. The variation of enzym is 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.14 mL. The variation of time was 70, 80, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 minutes. The results of this research showed the best sagoo flour is 8 gr with de amount is 11,835, and the best omount of enzym is 0,14 mL with de amount 21.71, the best time reaction is 120 minutes with de amount is 17.625Keywords: sagoo flour, enzym α-amylase, maltodextrin
SINTESIS DAN KAREKTERISASI SENYAWA KIRAL HASIL REAKSI ANTARA METILEUGENOL KASAR DENGAN ASAM ASETAT
Authors: Lasapo Muh. Hajir S. , Rahim Erwin Abdul , Ruslan Ruslan , Indriani Indriani
Published: April 2018

The research about synthesis and characterization of chiral compounds from the rough methyleugenol with acetic acid as the catalyst has been done. The goal is to determine the  content of 1-(3,4-dimetoksifenil)-2-propanil acetate compound which is produced in the reaction process of metileugenol with acetic acid and to characterizased the chemical compound of the product. The results showed that the content of 1-(3,4-dimetoksifenil)-2-propanil acetate compound that has been obtained was  45.87% with a molecular weight of 238.Keywords : Methyleugenol, Chiral, FT-IR, GC-MS
HIDROLISIS SELULOSA DARI SEKAM PADI (Oryza sativa) MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN KATALIS ARANG TERSULFONASI
Authors: Pramana Adeks , Razak Abdul Rahman , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti
Published: April 2018

Cellulose hydrolysis from rice husk (Oryza sativa) into glucose with sulfonated charcoal catalyst was conducted. The aim of this research was to determine sulfuric acid concentration and contact time on the sulfonation process of charcoal which would produce the highest glucose rendement from cellulose hydrolysis of rice husk. Sulfuric acid concentrations in this experiment were 8, 10, and 12 N with variation of contact time of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours respectively.  Rice husk was delignified with NaOH 10% to produce cellulose which was hydrolyzed by sulfonated charcoal catalyst. Hydrolysis reaction with the ratio cellulose/aquadest 1:25 (w/v) was conducted in autoclave with temperature 130 oC for 3 hours. The result showed that 8 N concentration of sulfuric acid and 12 hours of contact time produced the highest glucose rendement 17,9%. Keywords : rice husks, cellulose, glucose, sulfonated charcoal
PEMANFAATAN KULIT JAGUNG (Zea mays) UNTUK PRODUKSI GLUKOSA MENGGUNAKAN KAPANG Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Safari Saiful , Bahri Syaiful , Nurhaeni Nurhaeni
Published: April 2018

This study uses corn husk for the production of glucose by fermentation with the fungus Trichoderma sp. The aim is to determine the amount of Trichoderma sp. which is the best to produce the highest glucose with a variety of heavy fungus are 6, 9, and 12 grams in 25 grams of flour corn husk. Fermentation time variation  3, 4, and 5 weeks. Determination of the glucose level with DNS method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study design using RAL factorial consisting of two factors, namely the weight of the fungus and fermentation time, each factor consists of 3 levels and is done in duplicate.The results showed that high glucose levels obtained in the addition of 12 grams of fungus and fermentation time 4 weeks with a glucose level of 21.72%.Keywords: Corn husk, Trichoderma weight, Time of fermentation, Glucose
SINTESIS O-KARBOKSIMETIL KITOSAN PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN SUHU REAKSI SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI
Authors: Hardi Jaya , Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati , Ridhay Ahmad , Musdalifah Musdalifah
Published: April 2018

The research about the influence of NaOH concentrations and reaction temperature to O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMC) synthesis and it is antibacterial application was done. This research intent on detect NaOH concentration and reaction temperature that resulting of O-CMC with highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees, and also to find out FTIR spectrum and antibacterial activity of O-CMC. The produce of O-CMC was done by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the variation of NaOH concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, and also reaction temperature of 20, 30, and 40oC. The result was showed that on the NaOH concentration of 60% (w/v) and temperature of 30oC was resulted highest of yield, solubility, and substitution degrees of 41.5%, 31 g/L, and 0.67, respectively. FTIR spectrum was showed that bending vibration of primary amine (-NH2) give two bands for O-CMC. The broadest inhibition area of O-CMC (1.43 cm) was showed on Salmonella sp.Keywords: chitosan, O-CMC, substitution degree, antibacterial
STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANALISIS VITAMIN E MINYAK SAWIT MERAH TERSAPONIFIKASI ANTARA METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS DAN KCKT
Authors: Andulaai Arlina Mayharty , Ruslan Ruslan , Ys. Hardi , Puspitasari Dwi Juli
Published: April 2018

A research about a comparative study of spectrophotometry UV-Vis and HPLC method for the analysis of vitamin E in saponified red palm oil has been done. This research aims to compare the results of analysis using Spectrophotometer UV - Vis and HPLC to determine the concentration of vitamin E in red palm oil previously saponified and extracted. HPLC analysis was carried out using an RP-18 column and mobile phase composed a methanol and water ( 86:14 ), with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV detection at 290 nm. For the Spectrophotometric UV-Vis analysis, hexane was used as a solvent and the wavelength at 298,5 nm was selected for the detection. The results are the concentration of vitamin E using spectrophotometric and HPLC method was respectively 104.5 ppm and 127 ppm.Keyword: Vitamin E, Red Palm Oil, saponification, extraction, spectrophotometry Ultra Violet -Visible, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
APLIKASI SELULOSA BAKTERIAL-DIETILENTRIAMINA SEBAGAI LAPISAN PENGIKAT LOGAM Pb DAN Cd PADA METODE DIFFUSIVE GRADIENT IN THIN FILMS (DGT)
Authors: Khairuddin Khairuddin , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti , Indriani Indriani
Published: April 2018

This research aimed to synthesis and apply of bacterial cellulose-diethylenetriamine as a binding layer on the diffusive gradients in thin films method for preconcentration of labile metal Pb and Cd in aquatic systems and sediment of Palu Bay. The results are expected to be used for the analysis of environmental contaminants aquatic pollutant/sediment replace conventional methods. DGT method easily carried into the field and sensitive to identify certain metal ions. The results showed concentration of heavy metals dissolved in seawater for Pb between 0.024 to 0.048 mg / L, while for Cd between 0.006 to 0.015 mg / L. The concentration of Pb in sediments from 7.426 to 16.043 mg / L and Cd 0.387 to 0.950 mg / L. Partial regression analysis between Pb and Cd concentrations in water with a concentration of cadmium metals Pb and Cd in the sediments showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water has a positive correlation with the concentration of Pb and Cd in the sediment.Keyword: Pb, Cd, DGT, bacterial cellulose-diethylenetriamine, Palu Bay
EKSTRAKSI DAN UJI STABILITAS BETASIANIN DALAM EKSTRAK BUAH KAKTUS (Opuntia elatior Mill.)
Authors: Rengku Patrisia Marcevin , Ridhay Ahmad , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti
Published: April 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang ekstraksi dan uji stabilitas ekstrak buah kaktus (Opuntia elatior Mill.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi pelarut (etanol; campuran etanol : air; dan air) terhadap kadar betasianin dalam ekstrak buah kaktus. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi selama 72 jam pada semua variasi pelarut. Hasil terbaik dari perlakuan di atas kemudian dilakukan pengujian stabilitas betasianin terhadap cahaya dan pH. Pengujian stabilitas terhadap cahaya dilakukan dengan pemaparan betasianin ekstrak buah kaktus dibawah sinar matahari langsung selama 5 jam dengan variasi wadah penyimpan, yaitu botol cokelat dan botol bening. Analisis kadar betasianin dilakukan setiap 1 jam. Pengujian stabilitas betasianin terhadap pH dilakukan dengan cara penyimpanan sampel selama 72 jam dengan variasi pH 3, 4, 5, 6. 7 dan 8. Kadar betasianin tertinggi diperloleh menggunakan pelarut air yaitu sebesar 15,42 mg/100g. Betasianin tidak stabil terhadap paparan cahaya matahari dimana kadar betasianin berkurang sebanyak 47,35% pada botol cokelat dan 66,93% pada botol bening setelah 5 jam penyimpanan. Betasianin stabil pada kondisi pH 4, 5 dan 6 dengan penurunan kadar betasianin masing-masing sebesar 15,82%, 14,25% dan 15,71%. Kata Kunci : Buah Kaktus (Opuntia elatior Mill.), Ekstraksi, Stabilitas Betasianin
Effects of hypobaric Endurance Training on Graded Exercise Induced Lymphocyte Mobilization, Senescence and Their Surface Thiol Levels in Elite Male Athletes
Authors: Azali Alamdari Karim - , Bashiri Jabbar
Published: April 2018

The effects of each hypoxemic exercise session or overall training period still remains to be more elucidated in elite athletes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of hypobaric endurance training on lymphocytes mobilization and senescence and also their surface Thiol levels following to graded exercise test (GXT) in elite male athletes. Fourty six volunteer subjects were randomized into normobaric control (NC), hypobaric control (HC), normobaric exercise (NE) and hypobaric exercise (HE) groups. The NE and HE groups were exposed to homeland (700 mmHg) and 2800 meters above sea level (570 mmHg) simulated barometric pressures respectively, while HC and NC groups were remained sedentary at the same conditions. The training was included on treadmill running for four weeks, five sessions/week, 45 min/ session. Each session was consisted of three-min warmed up period, three cycles of 10-min running at 65% maximal heart rate reserve (HRRmax) interspersed with a three-min active recovery and three-min cool-down running period. Two GXTs were performed before (baseline) and after the interventions and blood samples were collected three times at both occasions. In all groups, mobilization of CD8+lymphocytes and senescent phenotype population of their both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets were increased after both GXTs, however; these changes were reversed following to recovery period(P<0.05). Moreover, HE were decreased lymphocytes surface thiol levels before and after the second GXT (P<0.05).it can be concluded that HE has no additional benefits for elite athletes regarded to lymphocytes mobilization and senescence, however; it may render them to oxidative stress.
A comparative study to identify a suitable model of ownership for Iran football pro league clubs
Authors: Amirnejad Saeed , Elahi Ali Reza , Akbari Yazdi Hossein
Published: April 2018

Today the government ownership of the professional football clubs is absolutely illogical view point. Most of sports clubs are conducted by private sector using different models of ownership all over the world. In Iran, government credits benefit was main reason that the professional sport was firstly developed by government firms and organizations. Therefore, the sports team ownership is without the professionalization standards. The present comparative study was to examine the different football club ownership structures of the top leagues and the current condition of Iran football pro league ownership and then present a suitable ownership structure of Iran football clubs to leave behind the government club ownership. Among the initial 120 scientific texts, the thirty two cases including papers, books and reports were found relevant to this study. We studied the ownership prominence and several football club models of ownership focused on stock listing model of ownership, private investor model of ownership, supporter trust model of ownership and Japan partnership model of ownership; theoretical concepts, empirical studies, main findings, strengths and weaknesses were covered in analysis procedure. According to various models of ownership in leagues and the models’ productivity in football clubs, each model of ownership considering national environmental, economic, social conditions has strengths and weaknesses. So, we cannot present a definite model of ownership for Iran football pro league clubs due to different micro-environments of Iran clubs. We need a big planning to provide a supporter-investor mixed model of ownership to Iranian clubs. Considering strengths and weaknesses in the models of ownership as well as the micro and macro environment of Iran football clubs, German model and Japan partnership model are offered as suitable ones to probable new model of ownership in Iran pro league clubs. Consequently, more studies are required to find a suitable model of ownership based on environmental conditions in Iran.
KAJIAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BERAS MERAH ( Oryza nivara) INSTAN DENGAN CARA FISIK
Authors: Sumartini Sumartini
Published: April 2018

Beras merah saat ini kalah pamor ketimbang beras putih. Padahal, beras merah memiliki efek kesehatan yang jauh lebih baik dari pada beras putih. Perhatian petani Indonesia terhadap beras merah pun kurang.Salah satu penganekaragaman dan cara termudah untuk memproses beras merah,maka akan dijadikan beras merah instan yang bergizi dan tahan lama dengan membandingkan antara beras merah organik dan non organik.Maksud dan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan mengetahui pengaruh perendaman terhadap beras merah organik dan non organik terhadap penurunan kualitas organoleptik. Manfaat yang diharapkan pada hasil penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah dapat mengetahui pengaruh perendaman terhadap kandungan beras merah organik dan non organik yang dijadikan produk beras instan dan memudahkan para golongan masyarakat yang sibuk dapat menjadikan alternatif dengan hadirnya beras instan yang hanya butuh waktu masak 5-10 menit saja.Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh terhadap pegujian warna,rasa dan aroma serta tidak berpengaruh terhadap tekstur,dengan volume pengembangan 2 kali lipat waktu penyeduhan beras merah organik dan non organik selama 5 menit. Kadar pati,protein,lemak dan air berbeda pada bahan baku untuk beras organik dan non organik dimana kadar pati tertinggi ada pada beras organik merk gasol,kadar protein dan lemak  teringgi beras organik merk olen, sedangkan untuk beras non organik kadar patinya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan beras organik. Setelah dilakukan perendaman masing masing selama 2 jam, sebelum dijadikan nasi instan,air rendaman ada yang dibuang dan tidak dibuang maka didapatkan hasil kadar pati dan kadar air yang berbeda, kadar pati teringgi didapatkan pada sampel nasi organik instan yang air rendamannya tidak dibuang.
KARAKTERISASI PLASTIK BIODEGRADABEL DARI LDPE-g-MA DAN PATI TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT
Authors: Samah Selfa Dewati
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu plastik  biodegradabel yang dapat terurai di alam, sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu solusi dalam penumpukan sampah plastik yang sulit diuraikan oleh alam. Plastik biodegradabel yang dihasilkan dari pencampuran limbah plastik polietilena jenis Low Density Polyetylene (LDPE) dengan pati Tandan kosong Sawit (TKS) yang  dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan maleat anhidrida sebagai agen pengikat silang. Untuk menghasilkan plastik biodegradabel  dilakukan  variasi perbandingan tertentu antara  limbah LDPE, pati TKS, maleat anhidrida dan benzoil peroksida (90:10:1:1), (80:20:1:1), (70:30:1:1), (60:40:1:1). Tahapan penelitian ini melakukan ekstraksi pati dari tandan kosong sawit (TKS), preparasi serbuk plastik biodegradabel dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut xilena dari berbagai variasi komposisi limbah LDPE, pati TKS, maleat anhidrida, dan benzoil peroksida, pencetakkan plastik biodegradabel  dengan metode kempa tekan dan karakterisasi terhadap hasil plastik biodegradabel yaitu analisa sifat mekanik dengan uji kuat tarik dan kemuluran, analisa kemampuannya terurai di alam dengan uji biodegradabel, dan analisa sifat kimianya dengan uji FTIR. Dari hasil karakterisasi dapat diperoleh kondisi optimum plastik biodegradabel yang dihasilkan Plastik biodegradabel dengan perbandingan Limbah LDPE, Pati TKS, maleat anhidrida, benzoil peroksida (60:40:1:1) yang memiliki kemampuan terurai pada tanah sampah yaitu sebesar 9,032%, harga kuat tarik 6,9410 N/m2 dan nilai kemuluran 3,1875 %, analisa sifat kimia dengan uji FT-IR menunjukan bilangan gelombang yang khas untuk ikatan antara limbah LDPE-g-MA dan Pati TKS yaitu 1165,00 cm-1 yang menunjukan gugus fungsi C-O bending .
ISOLASI KUMARIN DARI KULIT BUAH LIMAU SUNDAI (Citrus nobilis Lour)
Authors: Mulia Melindra
Published: April 2018

Coumarin has been isolated and characteritated from rind of  Citrus nobilis Lour by maseration methode with methanol. After fractionation by n-hexane and ethyl acetate, collected the phase ethyl acetate which positive of coumarin. From ethyl acetate extract coumarin have been isolated by column chromatography. The isolation results was obtain 2,159 g of pure white needle-shape crystalline with the melting point of 126,2-127,60C. Structure of the isolated coumarine was elucidated by spectroscopic methodes, UV-Vis,13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, 2D-NMR (DEPT/HSQC, COSY, NOESY, HMBC) and IR spectra. Based on the spectra data the isolated coumarine is marmin.
ANALISIS MIKROSTRUKTUR LAPISAN TIPIS TiO2:ZnO YANG DIDEPOSISIKAN DIATAS SUBTRAT KACA DENGAN METODE SPRAY COATING UNTUK DEGRADASI LIMBAH ZAT WARNA
Authors: Amananti Wilda
Published: April 2018

TiO2 is known as a good material candidate for environmental pollutant degradation. A combination of ZnO and TiO2 in the hope of enhancing the ability of ZnO in degrading the dye liquids. Precursor solutions TiO2, ZnO and TiO2: ZnO are deposited using sol-gel method of Spray Coating Technique. Microstructures of TiO2 and TiO2: ZnO thin films with and without the ZnO buffer layer were observed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyst activity was tested on Direct Blue degradation. The results conclude that TiO2: ZnO and ZnO thin films can form well above the glass substrate shown by the appearance of peaks of either ZnO or TiO2. But for TiO2 thin layers do not munujukan good results. The incorporation of TiO2: ZnO causes a lattice strain on the thin TiO2: ZnO film resulting in the narrowing of the energy band gap, resulting in increased photocatalytic capability of the thin film. TiO2: ZnO thin film has better photocatalytic capability than TiO2 or ZnO thin films.