bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Their Own Words
Authors: Driscoll Anne K. , Brockman Michael S.
Published: July 2019

The high rate of teen births among Latino youth is a major topic of concern. While the national Latina teen birth rate is twice that of non-Latino whites, Latina adolescents in California are four times as likely to become parents as whites. Nonetheless, little research has focused on pregnancy prevention programs and effective evaluation of such efforts for Latina populations. In response to this absence of information, the National Council of La Raza (NCLR) offered a series of Latino teen pregnancy prevention strategies (Pérez & Duany, 1992). This study explored parenting Latina teens’ perspectives of the relevance of these strategies for pregnancy prevention programs in order to enhance our understanding of how to help Latino teen mothers delay a second birth, and to best provide programs and services that would enable them to improve life conditions for themselves and their children. Participants included 27 Latina teen mothers between the ages of 15 and 19 with one child. Teens from urban and non-urban settings and immigrant and U.S.-born teens were interviewed to allow for comparisons between these groups. The teens’ responses were roughly consistent with the National Council of La Raza’s (NCLR) recommendations. Few differences were found between U.S.-born and immigrant teens and between those living in urban and non-urban communities. / La alta tasa de natalidad adolescente entre la juventud Latina es un asunto de gran preocupación. Aunque la tasa de natalidad nacional es dos veces mayor a la de blancos no-Latinos, Latinas adolescentes son cuatro veces más probables de convertirse en madres que las blancas. Sin embargo, se han hecho muy pocas investigaciones que se concentren en programas de prevención de embarazo y evaluación efectiva de dichos esfuerzos para la población Latina. En respuesta a esta ausencia de información, el Consejo Nacional de la Raza (CNLR) ofreció una serie de estrategias para la prevención de embarazos de adolescentes Latinas (Pérez & Duany, 1992). Este estudio exploró la perspectiva de madres adolescentes Latinas acerca de la relevancia de las estrategias usadas en los programas de prevención de embarazo. De manera que sus opiniones aumentarían nuestro entendimiento de cómo ayudar a joven madres Latinas atrasar un segundo nacimiento, al igual que la mejor manera de proveer programas y servicios que permitirían que ellas mejoraran la calidad de vida de si mismas y la de sus hijos. Las participantes del estudio incluyeron 27 madres adolescentes Latinas entre las edades de 15 á 19 años de edad con un solo hijo. Adolescentes de zonas urbanas y no-urbanas al igual que inmigrantes y aquellas nacidas en los EU fueron entrevistadas para poder comparar entre estos grupos. Las respuestas de las jóvenes fueron más o menos consistentes con las del Consejo Nacional de la Raza (CNLR). Pocas diferencias fueron encontradas entre las jóvenes nacidas en los EU y las inmigrantes, y tampoco entre aquellas viviendo en comunidades urbanas y nourbanas.
Latina Project
Authors: Madlem M. S. , Bambrick Cathy
Published: July 2019

The Hispanic population is rapidly growing in the U.S. The health issues that challenge this population are often unique. Pregnancy rates among Hispanic teens have remained steady or risen in some areas. Yakima County, Washington has the highest teen pregnancy rate for women aged 18-19 of any county in the state (182.72 per 1000 women compared with 104.32 per 1000 women in Washington). Over half of the births in this age range are to Hispanic teens. For these reasons, Planned Parenthood of Central Washington, with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, collaborated with Central Washington University to conduct formative research on Hispanic teen pregnancy prevention. This qualitative focus group study revealed perceptions of adolescents and parents of communication patterns, desired content of sexuality education programs, and the provision of sexuality education programming. Understanding these perceptions may be the first step in developing educational programs that have a positive impact on Latina teens.
Who Has Potatoes?
Authors: Bletzer Keith V.
Published: July 2019

Migratory farm labor like other forms of migrant work both in and outside agriculture impedes on the opportunity to make choices. The following essay explores particular phases in the life of one man (a single case study) and examines how he considers turning points in his life that led to a long period of substance use, both as an immigrant in the country and as a working man in his home country, followed by a cessation of use and the beginning stages of recovery. / Para el migrante, viajar en busca de trabajo es díficil, ya sea que trabaje en agricultura o en otras labores. Este ensayo examina ciertas etapas en la vida de un hombre (estudio de un solo caso) que examina los cambios que le han ocurrido durante un período en que él consumía grandes cantidades de alcohol en los estados y en su país, seguido por un período de sobriedad (no tomaba alcohol, no usaba drogas) en este país en que él comienza una etapa de rehabilitación.
Lifestyle Change for Weight Loss in the Inner-City
Authors: Feifer Chris , Upadhyay Prapti , Potter Kristine
Published: July 2019

In low-income minority communities, there is high prevalence and clustering of obesity, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Evidence suggests one way to treat and prevent these conditions is through a very low-fat, high fiber, vegetarian diet. A feasibility study was conducted to determine whether inner-city African American and Latino patients will accept a low-fat vegetarian diet and to assess attitudes about the life-style intervention. Reductions in fat and animal products were acceptable, though complete conversion to vegetarianism was not. Meanwhile, group support was the most highly rated component of the class. Contrary to common perceptions of immigrants needing to maintain traditional habits, the Latino participants enthusiastically adopted new concepts and incorporated new recipes into their diet. Weight loss was achieved during the 8 week course and continued through 18 month follow-up. It appears that individual empowerment through the group intervention, coupled with simple diet messages, supported life-style change in a high-risk group.
Teaching About Interdisciplinary Health Lesson Plans In Middle School And High School
Authors: Campbell Jan
Published: July 2019

As part of the study for potential teacher candidates in the California State University credentialing program, it is necessary to introduce these future middle school and high school teachers to a health framework and curricular issues involving teaching about adolescent health. These new teacher candidates are required by state law to have an understanding of what adolescence is, and comprehension about the health status of teens. They must also provide a healthy environment in which students can learn. Additionally, these teachers may teach health in the secondary arena.
Attitudes and Practices of University Health Education Faculty Related to Alternative Medicine
Authors: Lamarine Roland , Fisher K. John , Sbarbaro Vic
Published: July 2019

This study determined attitudes and practices, including gender differences, of university health education faculty regarding advocacy and use of alternative medicine. A random sample of health education instructors from institutions offering degrees in health education was surveyed using a written questionnaire. Health education instructors from 41 out of 48 states and territories with programs in health education responded to this survey, comprising a total of 220 usable responses. Results of this survey indicated health education instructors were more likely than the general population to use alternative medicine therapies. The majority of instructors who used such therapies reported high to moderate levels of satisfaction. Significant gender differences were uncovered regarding use, satisfaction, and advocacy for alternative medicine.
Benefits of Breastfeeding
Authors: Clark Sheila G. J. , Bungum Timothy J.
Published: July 2019

Currently 16% of Americans breastfeed their children for at least 12 months as recommended by the AAP, which is well below the HP 2010 goal of 25%. Breastfed infants receive benefits that can improve their health throughout their lives. The benefits of breastfeeding for children include increased resistance to infectious diseases, such as gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, and ear infections. Breastfed children also display lower rates of chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity, asthma, and leukemia. The choice to breastfeed results in economic benefits from lower health care costs and from reduced spending on infant formula. The Healthy People 2010 targets are reviewed along with several studies of interventions to increase breastfeeding rates. Health educators must work to increase breastfeeding rates.
Health Academy
Authors: Portis Mary , Bilsborough Linda
Published: July 2019

Health Academy is a day of active, age-appropriate health education for students in grades kindergarten through sixth. All the lessons are designed and taught by university students who are planning to be elementary teachers. Health Academy provides our area children with an intensive and diverse health education experience while providing our prospective teachers with an opportunity to plan and teach lessons through the course of a school day
Preventing Iron Deficiency in the Hmong Community
Authors: Damazo Becky , Moua Jane
Published: July 2019

There is a high prevalence rate of iron deficiency in Hmong children in the USA. An iron deficiency prevention brochure was developed for the Hmong community to educate parents about the subject. The brochure was developed as a result of a Hmong nursing student working closely with a California State University, Chico, faculty member and the county health department.
Computer Use, Workstation Design Training and Cumulative Trauma Disorders in College Students
Authors: McMahan Shari , Lutz Rafer
Published: July 2019

Currently, very little is known about computer use in college students, associated Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) and musculoskeletal discomfort, or the impact and availability of proper workstation design education and training in this population. Given the expanding use of technology in university settings, it is important to determine how computer use may be causing pain and discomfort for college students, whether workstation education and training is being provided to this population, and whether such education, if provided, is effective. Five-hundred twelve college students completed a survey on health and computer usage. The most frequently reported disorders related to health were eyestrain affecting nearly 85% and, upper back and neck pain affecting 70% of computer users. Only 26.6% of the sample indicated receiving training on workstation design. Identifying college students at risk for CTDs and other musculoskeletal discomforts provides a prime opportunity for health education professionals to intervene at an early stage.
Study of Adolescents Who Provide Tobacco to Other Adolescents in a Racial/Ethnic Diverse Population
Authors: Shive Steven E. , Ma Grace X. , Legos Patricia M. , Shive Earl S.
Published: July 2019

This study examined the sources of tobacco and the adolescent provision of tobacco to other adolescents in an ethnically/racially diverse, large heterogeneous urban, adolescent population in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A stratified multistage purposive sampling procedure was used to select an ethnically/racially diverse sample, which consisted of 569 students in grades 8-10 in five public and nonpublic funded schools. A logistical regression analysis was used to examine potential predictor variables of adolescent provision of tobacco to other adolescents. Social sources of tobacco were more common than commercial. Gas stations/convenience stores, grocery stores, recreational/sports centers, and pharmacies were the most reported commercial sources. Among adolescent smokers, 46% of smokers gave tobacco to another adolescent. Tobacco was sold (32.2%) and given as a gift (67.8%). Positive correlates of adolescent provision included family availability, best friends and father smoked, purchased cigarettes in the last 30 days, and ownership of tobacco brand merchandise.
Epidemiology of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery, in Hawai`i, 2000-2001
Authors: Prince Cheryl B , Song Limin , Quadri Nighat , Baker Kathleen Kromer
Published: July 2019

To create a better understanding of Hawai`i’s birthing population so that culturally appropriate strategies to prevent infant mortality could be developed, we undertook an analysis of population-based perinatal data collected in Hawai`i for the years 2000 and 2001. The data were collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). In this system, a stratified random sample of women who delivered a live born infant are mailed a self-administered questionnaire two to six months after they deliver, with telephone follow-up for those who do not respond. A bivariate analyses of maternal characteristics of singleton infants and the prevalence of low birth weight (
Coalition of National Health Education Organizations
Authors: Capwell Ellen M.
Published: July 2019

The Coalition of National Health Education Organizations (CNHEO), established in 1972, currently has a membership of ten professional health education organizations. It exists to advance the profession of health education and to foster communication, collaboration and action on issues important to health and health education. Recent accomplishments include two invitational conferences to assess the status of health education and set goals and recommendations for the 21st century, Health Education Advocacy Summit, Health Education Advocate web site, Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession, Standard Occupational Classification of “health educator” by the federal government, and collaboration to promote National Health Education Week. Information can be found at the CNHEO website, http://www.hsc.usf.edu/CFH/cnheo/.
Improving the Quality of Professional Life
Authors: Young Kathleen J. , Boling Whitney
Published: July 2019

Membership in national, regional, and state health education and promotion associations can be beneficial to the new and/or prospective academic professional. Association membership benefits include (but are not limited to) professional development opportunities for developing presentation skills, exposure to current research and pedagogy, career development, and networking. The purpose of this article is to 1) outline benefits of association membership for the new and/or prospective health educator, 2) provide a list of current health education and promotion associations, and 3) encourage membership and active participation in professional associations for the new, prospective, and/or seasoned health education and promotion professional.
Professional Portfolios for Health Educators and Other Allied Health Professionals
Authors: Thompson Sharon E. , Bybee Ronald F.
Published: July 2019

A professional portfolio is a compilation of material that documents a health educator’s competencies. A portfolio can assist students relate academic assignments to the practical skills that are necessary for the practicing health educator (Waishwell, Morrow, Micke & Keyser, 1996). The portfolio should be conceptualized as a “living document” that is ever-changing with the increasing depth of knowledge and experience of the individual. During a Society for Public Health Education/American Association for Health Education Program Approval Process (SABPAC) visit, the site team recommended that students develop a portfolio as an assignment in an introductory health education course. By instituting this assignment earlier in their academic careers, students become oriented to the process of collecting and organizing assignments and material for their portfolio, as well as documenting volunteer experiences and/or health education in the community. This portfolio can eventually be used as a job-seeking instrument that gives potential employers an overview of an applicant’s strengths and experiences.
Distinction Through Diversity
Authors: Strode Mary L.
Published: July 2019

No matter the setting or framework within which we work, health educators dedicate time, energy, and effort to enhancing the public’s quality of life. Each job - indeed, each task - performed by the health educator is of value, no matter its specific purpose. In light of our profession’s overall objective, each undertaking represents a single thread within an enormously diverse, richly textured tapestry. Our communities need us to work alongside them – now more than ever before - and bring our skills, hearts and minds “to the table.” During the last 17 years I have been on the receiving end of many a lesson. A key factor that keeps me solidly and cheerfully ensconced in this profession is the knowledge that the lessons and challenges will just keep on coming! It brings me great pleasure to share a few of my eye-opening experiences with others who share a similar passion for public health education.
Review of Current Health Education Theories
Authors: DeBarr Kathy A.
Published: July 2019

This article presents a review of current theories and models in health education. Articles published in 2003 in the American Journal of Health Education, the American Journal of Health Behavior, Health Education and Behavior, Health Education Research, and the International Electronic Journal of Health Education, were reviewed. Concepts and constructs for each theory and model used are presented. The three predominant theories and models in this literature, The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change Theory), the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, and the Social Cognitive Theory are examined in greater detail.
Internet Recruiting
Authors: Matthews Kathryn L. , Lorig Kate R. , Laurent Diana D. , Rudolph Linda , Dervin Kathy , Massimino Ferdy
Published: July 2019

Background: The Internet has the potential to become a powerful tool for the delivery of health education programs. However, it also presents challenges with recruitment and data collection. This paper reports on the failed recruiting efforts for a back pain Internet patient education study. Methods: Six hundred injured workers with back pain were needed for the study. To be eligible one must have been on disability and missed more than 10 days of work. Recruitment efforts included use of electronic medical records to identify potential subjects, web site links, direct mailings, phone calls, talks with clinic staff, as well as brochures and pamphlets in the clinic. Results: Over a fourteen-month period, only 20 subjects were recruited. A study of the barriers to recruitment revealed system related problems including: missing data in electronic medical records and inability to integrate recruiting into the medical visit. Individual problems such as computer access and language also posed barrier to recruitment. Conclusions: Developing a screening tool to identify patients who are most at risk for developing chronic back pain or re-injury may be necessary for successful recruitment. In addition, creative recruitment efforts as well as collaboration with on-line organizations such as disease specific advocacy groups, health plans, e-health publications and newsletters, employee wellness websites, as well as collaborating with other state workers compensation and insurers web sites may prove to be more effective means of recruiting on-line for injured workers.
Factors Associated With Intention To Quit Smoking Among African American Pregnant Women
Authors: Modeste Naomi , Lee Jerry , Lim V. Joyce , Anjejo Dixon
Published: July 2019

The purposes of this study were: 1) to determine beliefs salient to African American women quitting smoking while pregnant; 2) to determine how these beliefs relate to African American Women’s intent to quit smoking while pregnant. The study had two-phases. First, qualitative data was collected in focus groups among 49 pregnant women, recruited from the Black Infant Health Program in San Bernardino County. Second, guided by the findings from the focus group, and based on the theory of planned behavior, a questionnaire was developed, pre-tested, and used as the instrument for collecting quantitative data. One hundred and fifty-six women ages 18-52 years completed the questionnaire. Of these, 97% percent were current smokers and 21% had tried quitting in the past. Perceived control was the strongest predictor of intention, followed by attitude. Findings from this study will be used to plan a smoking cessation intervention for African American Pregnant women.
Southern California Elementary Physical Education Specialists and Non- Specialists
Authors: Farrell Anne , Thompson Sharon , Napper-Owen Gloria
Published: July 2019

This study explored the beliefs and behaviors of elementary physical education providers in California relative to the purpose and function of elementary physical education. Research on these types of beliefs and behaviors is important because of the implications on physical education programs conducted in the elementary schools. Properly implemented physical education has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on the fitness levels and motor skill development of students, and such education may lead to the habituation of lifelong physical activity. Randomly selected teachers in southern California school districts completed a three-part questionnaire assessing their beliefs and behaviors regarding the ideal purpose and actual function of elementary physical education. Results of this study indicate that participants were aware of the importance of physical education, but overall, failed to exhibit behaviors that matched their beliefs. These results are pertinent because, in many school districts, primarily nonspecialists will be providing physical education instruction at the elementary level. Understanding the beliefs of non-specialists will help university teacher education programs identify programmatic changes to better prepare elementary school teachers.
Changing Society Perceptions of Health Needs for Non-Metropolitan Seniors and Baby Boomers in Retirement
Authors: Beebe Sandra Nagel
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess perceptions of seniors of their current health needs and to compare them with baby boomers’ perceptions future health needs as they begin entering the senior age bracket in 2011. The focus groups were comprised of male and female seniors or baby boomer participants. The focus group sessions were conducted to collect data concerning perceptions of seniors and baby boomers preference for nomenclature and senior health care needs in retirement. The sessions were transcribed by the court reporters, the moderator, and the non-verbal information recorded by trained observers. The ten, approximately 60-minute sessions were audiotape recorded. The transcriptions were analyzed using content analysis. Key findings from the study identified the terms of choice for individuals 65 and over were “seniors/senior citizens” with “mature” and “elderly” also commonly suggested. Similar findings evolved from the seniors and baby boomers regarding their perceptions for health needs in retirement. Eight themes evolved with numerous sub-categories. The themes included: 1) prescription drug plans, 2) insurance issues, 3) government programs, 4) transportation issues, 5) accessibility of services or doctors, 6) retirement planning, 7) attitudes, and 8) rating one’s health. During the focus group sessions, these themes consistently overlapped concern for health needs in retirement. The most important aspect from all session was the theme: attitude. Having a positive attitude about one’s health is what will contribute to staying healthy. Participants recommended eating healthy, exercising, abstaining from smoking, and reducing stress were important considerations for preparing and living a healthy retirement.
Fitness in Older African American Population
Authors: Marzilli Scott , Schuler Petra B. , Willhoit Kristin F. , Stepp Melissa F.
Published: July 2019

With the rapid growth of the number of Americans aged 65 or older resulting in expectations of doubling the number of the population in that age bracket, health professionals and fitness experts will be called upon to develop and implement methods for keeping this population as healthy as possible for as long as possible, and to aid these individuals with retaining their quality of life. This study examined whether incorporating a low-cost, community-based strength and flexibility program would improve performancebased measures of strength, flexibility, and endurance in older (57 to 82 yr.; M = 68 yr., SD = 5 yr.) African-American adults. Evaluated components were upper body strength (maximal amount of weighted arm curls), lower body strength (maximal amount of chair-ups), upper body flexibility (backscratch), lower body flexibility (modified sit-and-reach), and aerobic endurance (maximal distance covered in 6 minutes). Twenty African-American adults (5 male and 15 female) volunteered to participate in five weeks of strength and flexibility training (twice per week, 60 min. per session). Posttest results showed performance improvements for all five measured parameters, with significant improvements found for upper- and lower- body strength and lower body flexibility. Additionally, the structure of this exercise program resulted in adherence rates of more than 80%. In light of these findings, it is important that the design of strength and flexibility programs for older adults be implemented through the collaboration of health professionals and fitness experts; it is with this multifaceted approach to aging that an improvement in quality of life in later years can be achieved successfully.
Use of the Community Diffusion Model to Develop Community Partnerships and Overcome Barriers to an Urban College Internship Program
Authors: Weston R. Eric , Stayton Catherine D.
Published: July 2019

The current scarcity of employment opportunities has increased the importance of the internship experience for graduating college students. However, the development of internship sites is fraught with both internal and external barriers. The goal of this article is to describe the development of an internship program in an urban-based liberal arts college. The article describes the: a) use of the Community Diffusion Model to develop partnerships with community sites, b) multilevel barriers to successful program development and maintenance, and c) strategies used to overcome the barriers. During a threeyear period, 110 students participated in the internship program, 59 undergraduates and 51 graduates. Both graduate and undergraduate students were predominantly female, aged 21 – 45. A total of 60 internship positions based in 31 community partner agencies have been developed. Student participation was highest in the direct service activities, and lowest in education activities. Organizational, individual, task-related, and relationship barriers affected the development and maintenance of partnerships. Organizational barriers proved to be the most difficult of these barriers to resolve satisfactorily, while task related barriers proved the most manageable. Establishing partnerships among stakeholders while anticipating multiple implementation barriers was the important lesson learned. Based upon our experiences, we offer recommendations for the development and maintenance of internship programs to colleges, community institutions/organizations, site and program directors, and policy makers.
Retirement or Semi-Retirement
Authors: Shive Earl S.
Published: July 2019

Dr. Earl Shive, Professor Emeritus, East Stroudsburg University, reflects on his career as an educator and his experiences with the process of retirement or “semi-retirement.”
Public Health Nursing Acceptance of the 5 A's Protocol for Prenatal Smoking Cessation
Authors: Yusem Suzanne H. , Rosenberg Kenneth D. , Dixon-Gray Lesa , Liu Jihong
Published: July 2019

Oregon’s efforts in tobacco cessation have historically focused on the general population and have depended on quit line services as the primary intervention. The Oregon Smoke Free Mothers and Babies Program (SFMB) was developed in 2002 to focus on public health nurses and prenatal care providers who work with high risk pregnant women. It seeks to increase smoking cessation among low income and other high risk pregnant women by disseminating the U.S. Public Health Service best practices, the 5 A’s (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) tobacco brief intervention protocol, to public health nurses and prenatal care providers. Interventions included teaching nurses the 5 A’s, how to use stages of change for pregnant quitters and providing them with client materials. We report the survey results gathered from nurses regarding their use of the 5 A’s. Nurses were questioned at 3 intervals: at the beginning of the SFMB project, 12 months later and 24 months later. While over 45 nurses in 10 counties were involved in the program, staff turnover and budget cuts affected program evaluation and analysis of the survey responses. As a result, only 10 nurses completed all three surveys. We found that, at baseline, all of the nurses were already performing the Ask and Advise components. The training resulted in a significant increase in the nurses using Assess (p
Educating Oregon Families about Child Safety Seats
Authors: Biagioli Frances
Published: July 2019

Child safety seats are being used more frequently, but correct and consistent use is still a problem. Educating the community and medical professionals about the correct use of child safety seats helps with correct usage. Educational campaigns can be directed to parents, medical professionals, safety professionals (fire and police departments), hospitals, and schools. Television public service announcements, mailings, billboards, radio spots, and a web site have all been part of a successful child safety seat educational campaign in Oregon. Improving the public’s knowledge of the correct use of child safety seats will reduce the number of childhood injuries, and medical professionals can play a significant part in this educational campaign.
Visual Communication
Authors: Annang Lucy , Strasser Sheryl M. , Muilenburg Jessica L.
Published: July 2019

Poster presentations are an effective method of conveying scientific information in an interactive and nonthreatening format. They are also a means of increasing authors’ visibility and recognition in their field. The authors have presented a preparatory guide to minimize stress and increase poster presentation savvy at professional conferences for either the novice or seasoned professional.
Fostering an Environmental Ethic through Service Learning
Authors: Eisenhut Amie , Flannery Diana
Published: July 2019

Objective: To explore connections between environmental education, public concern for environmental health, and service learning. Methods: A 20-item survey was administered to same students at the beginning and end of a 15-week Environmental Health course. Qualitative data were collected from reflective papers based on students involved in community based learning. Results: The findings of the study revealed that students grew in their sense of environmental responsibility; significantly increased their “level of concern” for 18 of the 20 environmental variables measured; and viewed community action as empowering. Conclusion: Students’ participation in an Environmental Health course and engagement in service learning increased their overall support for a variety of environmental issues.
Making Friends and Caring – Data From Integrated Sex Education
Authors: Ojanlatva Ansa , Sassi Hanna , Miilumäki Jutta
Published: July 2019

The present study examined connections between building and maintaining future relationships, being able to look after themselves, and after others (3 outcome variables) with perceptions of 6th-graders about sex education topics covered at school (20 explanatory variables). The study utilized a convenience sample (N=108/118; 91.5% response) from 4 schools at the Rauma School District in Finland; one school provided two classes of 6th graders, another provided one combined class of 5th and 6th graders. The students were 12.3 years of age (median 12 years). Boys and girls did not differ in their responses to outcome variables. They received adequate amounts of information for future purposes of being able to look after themselves (n=98/102) or after others (n=81/108) but less for the purposes of building and maintaining relationships (n=53/103). The outcome variable of building and maintaining relationships was associated with tolerance and understanding of difference, showing of emotions, and dating.
Comparison of Health Education and Physical Activity Practice in Four Regions of the Hawaiian Island of Oahu
Authors: Chun Donna , Eburne Norman , Donnelly Joseph
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare four distinct Hawaiian districts on the island of Oahu regarding their efforts in presenting quality health education and physical activity. The ethnic groups represented in this study included Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Asian and Caucasian. Questionnaires based on the Action for Healthy Kids Healthy Schools Summit Survey were sent to 168 schools on Oahu. The return response of the surveys was 79% with 132 schools either returning the survey or being interviewed by a follow-up phone call. Statistical analysis utilizing ANOVA identified any significant differences among the districts, school levels, and ethnic groups. Further analysis using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference Post Hoc Test indicated specific differences after significant ANOVA was found. Based on data collected in this study, it would appear that fewer than half of the schools were in the process of making health and physical education culturally sensitive, and that state health education standards were mostly being implemented at the middle and high school level. Elementary schools that were “in progress” for implementing health standards and adopting physical education standards should be given assistance from the district level. Additional assistance should also be given to elementary schools that were “in progress” for testing health topics and providing uniform assessment in physical education. Hawaiian schools on Oahu were contributing to the physical activity of students by offering physical education classes, however, this could be greatly improved by inclusion of daily physical education taught by certified instructors at all levels especially elementary.
Challenging the Health Impacts of Incarceration
Authors: Willmott Donna , Van Olphen Juliana
Published: July 2019

With 2.1 million Americans behind bars, the United States incarcerates more people per capita than any other country in the world. This article examines the ways mass incarceration contributes to poor health, particularly within poor communities and communities of color, which already bear a disproportionate burden of ill-health and disease. We explore the multiple health impacts of incarceration and the ways current criminal justice policies contribute to health disparities. We discuss the role of Community Health Workers in mitigating the effects of incarceration by fostering social support, linking formerly incarcerated individuals with existing community services and acting as agents for social change.
Frequent Fliers
Authors: Ford Marilyn Chandler
Published: July 2019

Jail practitioners are very familiar with a small, but very active group of minor offenders that cycle through local correctional institutions on a regular basis. These offenders have received comparatively little scrutiny from jail scholars, and this study responds to this gap in the literature by examining the legal and social characteristics of a group of Florida jail offenders that has been labeled frequent fliers. This exploratory study examines the characteristics of these high-demand users and their involvement in local justice systems. The findings reveal that a small group of jail inmates have dozens, and in some cases, more than a hundred jail admissions over a period of years – most often for minor offenses. The results suggest that frequent fliers exhaust community services and that local jails are a safety net for this high-demand, high-needs population in the absence of alternatives. Implications for community health care and other county services are addressed.
Educating Correctional Health Care Providers and Inmates About Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Macher Abe , Kibble Deborah , Bryant Karen , Cody Ana , Pilcher Todd , Jahn Danielle
Published: July 2019

Educating Correctional Health Care Providers and Inmates About Drug-Drug Interactions: HIV-Medications and Illicit Drugs
Perceived Barriers to Participation in a Supplemental Nutrition Program Among Low-Income Women on the US/Mexico Border
Authors: Thompson Sharon E. , Smith Brenda A. , Rees Keely S.
Published: July 2019

The benefits of supplemental nutrition programs have been well established. In order to gain an insight into perceived barriers to participation in such programs on the US/Mexico border, unstructured qualitative interviews were conducted with former participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The main barrier to program participation was a lack of time. Other barriers to participation included confusion about program eligibility and the perceived stigma associated with receiving assistance from WIC. Generally, participants felt that WIC was a beneficial program and would recommend it to others. Expanded hours of operation that address the needs of working mothers were recommended in order to increase the recruitment and retention of program participants.
Focus Group Study of Diverse Local Populations and Their Health Care Experiences in Northeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Trompetter Linda , Breese Arthur , Calderone James , Fisher Grace S. , Gereda Rodrigo , King Mari , Kramer Richard , Lin Anne , Nabaa Hisham A. , Shah Lalit , Smith Theresa Tyler , Sylvain Mayon , Weinman Suzy
Published: July 2019

This investigation was conducted through the support of the College Misericordia Diversity Institute and a grant from the Blue Ribbon Foundation of Blue Cross of Northeastern Pennsylvania. Focus group participants were 49 adults from seven minority populations residing in northeastern Pennsylvania’s Luzerne and Lackawanna counties. Data was collected by 11 focus group leaders who were members of a Blue Ribbon Grant Core Committee at College Misericordia in 2004. The seven populations studied were African Americans, Arabic Muslims, Asian-Chinese and Korean, Gay and Lesbian, Hispanic, Jewish, and Asian Indian. A 30-question survey was used to collect data during one to two hour focus group interviews. Through content analysis, six problematic issues faced by many of the participants were identified. All of the findings were validated by a review process. The six issues faced by the 7 groups were: 1) Economics, Education, and Employment Influence Life for Newcomers, 2) Customs and Traditions Sometimes Sacrificed- The Influence of American Culture, 3) Socialization Often Limited to Same Population Group, 4) Mixed Acceptance Level from Area Natives, 5) Bilingual Challenges Impede Optimal Inclusion, 6) Health Care Access Problems. The aforementioned cross-groups study is explored in this report. The study also yielded seven other reports (one for each diverse population) which provide a description of that particular focus group’s perspective on topics such as religion, food, family, customs, and health care (see Appendices A, B, C, D, E, F, and G). Findings of this study are being disseminated in a local effort to educate health care professionals. Future research will be needed to determine if progress is being made in fulfilling the health care needs of all diverse populations living in Luzerne and Lackawanna County, as well as other parts of northeastern Pennsylvania.
Public Education and Lyme Disease Prevention in Monroe County
Authors: Hakim Jacquelyn A. , Bitto Adenike
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to share findings and results from a six-year Lyme disease (LD) prevention program in Monroe County, PA. LD is hyper-endemic among ticks in Monroe County and much of the Northeast. In May 1996, an initial survey of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DWGNRA) established baseline data for tick densities and species, lifecycle occurrence, and infection rates. LD infection rates were extremely high, up to 63% of Ixodes species tested. Monroe County Vector Control (MCVC) has instituted an innovative prevention program. Community members bitten by ticks who seek medical care are referred to MCVC by their physicians. In some instances, community members bring samples directly to MCVC for tick identification and risk assessment, conducted using regression equations for duration of attachment (Falco et al., 1996; des Vignes et al, 2001). Each individual receives counseling, health education and, if necessary, prompt medical referral to prevent complications of LD. MCVC also conducts LD and tick seminars as requested by the community. Data is presented on the occurrence of ticks by life stage and gender, duration of tick attachment to humans, and health education techniques utilized. The low number of LD cases reported, relative to the number of LD positive ticks and tick bites, indicates that MCVC Lyme disease prevention strategies are successful. This model can be replicated in other regions
Correlates of Smoke-Free Policies in Homes and Cars Among Hawaii Residents
Authors: Choy Lehua B. , Maddock Jay E.
Published: July 2019

The detrimental health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) have been well established. Cars and homes are two of the primary places that nonsmokers, particularly children, are exposed to ETS. This study examined the prevalence of smoke-free policies in homes and cars among 4,557 residents of Hawaii using cross-sectional data collected from a random-digit dial telephone survey. Smokers were much less likely than nonsmokers and former smokers to have smoke-free policies. Multivariate analysis of current smokers revealed that significant predictors of banning smoking in the home were: disagreeing that it is okay to smoke indoors, smoking fewer cigarettes per day, and higher confidence in ability to quit smoking. Significant predictors of banning smoking in the car were: disagreeing that it is okay to smoke indoors, smoking fewer cigarettes per day, and having children in the household. This study indicates that changing smokers’ attitudes about ETS may be an important component of a comprehensive program to increase smoke-free homes and cars.
Characteristics of Marshallese with Type 2 Diabetes on Oahu
Authors: Reddy Ravi , Shehata Cherie , Smith Garrett , Maskarinec Gregory G.
Published: July 2019

Objectives – To determine the feasibility of a resident physician-based, culturally appropriate method of decreasing the disease burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in a group of Pacific Islanders, Marshallese living in Hawai'i. Methods – Thirty Marshallese with diabetes who live on the island of Oahu, Hawaii were recruited. Baseline health status of the participants was characterized. Health parameters included HgbA1c, random blood sugar (RBS), lipid panels, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and medical history, along with qualitative information. A focus group was held with participants prior to beginning the curriculum to determine cultural views on diabetes, health, treatment, and to identify potential obstacles to health improvement. A DM2 educational curriculum culturally relevant to Marshallese populations was then started, including instruction in lifestyle modification, adherence to medication regimens, and planned quarterly assessment of health improvement. Results – Baseline quantitative analysis revealed Marshallese with diabetes to be obese and hyperglycemic, with average BMI of 30 kg/m2 , RBS of 285, and HgbA1c of 9.3. Qualitative analysis revealed that nearly half the participants admitted to symptoms of severe hyperglycemia. The initial focus group had a substantial turnout. Attendance rapidly declined, becoming so low that classes were eventually terminated. However, in two participants who attended more than three classes there was evidence of major improvements in HgbA1c, cholesterol, and qualitative markers, which were sustained after one year. Conclusions – This pilot study of Marshallese with diabetes on Oahu showed that the majority had poor glycemic control with secondary co-morbid conditions. Although many barriers exist for successful implementation of a diabetes health improvement project in this group, the groundwork for translation of this project to the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI) has been laid; curriculum translation and patient recruitment is currently underway to advance the project.
Measurement of Theoretical Constructs for Health Behavior
Authors: Redding Colleen A. , Maddock Jay E. , Rossi Joseph S.
Published: July 2019

Measurement theory and practice defines how well we can measure the most important constructs in the health behavior field. This article reviews the sequential process of measurement development that builds upon both theory and evidence, as well as building toward the future of measurement development. Some basic measurement theory and concepts are reviewed, including types of reliability and validity. The process of scale development and selection is described in some detail with clear advise for choosing measures and criteria for selecting items and scales. Finally two different examples of theory-based measurement development are described in detail: one of an alcohol expectancy scale grounded in Social Learning Theory, and the other of scales assessing confidence in remaining quit and temptation to smoke, grounded in the Transtheoretical model conceptualization of self efficacy. These examples illustrate two different ways that measurement development efforts can produce good scales, with different strengths. Finally, some future directions for the field are discussed within the context of health behavior measurement.
Cultural Competence in Health Care Systems
Authors: Perez Miguel A. , Gonzalez Antonio , Pinzon-Perez Helda
Published: July 2019

This study studied cultural competence training needs in a health services system in California. Results indicated that the major training needs were related to (1) cultural factors that affect consumers’ access to services, (2) ethnic and cultural beliefs, traditions, and customs, (3) training for interpreters, and (4) crosscultural communication. Significant differences were found in regard to administrator and staff participation in cultural awareness activities, perception of the work environment as culturally competent, perception of culturally-related barriers, and perceived training needs. The findings support the importance of a continuous assessment of the educational needs of employees regarding cultural competence.