bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factor for elbow symptom manifestation in young baseball players with asymptomatic medial elbow abnormalities: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Shitara Hitoshi , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Kuboi Takuro , Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Hamano Noritaka , Endo Fumitaka , Kamiyama Masataka , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Nakase Kurumi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: June 2021

Asymptomatic elbow abnormalities are relatively common in young baseball players, but the factors responsible are unclear. To prospectively identify risk factors related to symptom manifestation in asymptomatic elbow abnormalities, we recruited 573 baseball players (age: 7–14 years) at a pre-participation medical/physical examination in the preseason who were right-handed and had asymptomatic medial elbow abnormalities on ultrasound (US). Baseline preseason and postseason participant characteristics were assessed. A “symptomatic” elbow was defined as an elbow with medial elbow joint problems that prevented ball throwing for ≥ 8 days. After exclusions, 82 players were enrolled, of whom 22 (26.8%) developed a symptomatic elbow. In univariate analyses, the external and internal rotation strengths of the dominant shoulder were significantly greater in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (P = 0.021). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the internal rotation strength of the dominant shoulder was a significant independent risk factor (odds ratio = 1.091, P = 0.027) for developing a symptomatic elbow. In young asymptomatic baseball players with abnormalities in the medial elbow region of the dominant arm on US, stronger preseason internal rotation strength of the dominant shoulder was a significant independent risk factor for the development of a “symptomatic” elbow.
Hypoxia and heat stress affect epithelial integrity in a Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture
Authors: Lian Puqiao , Braber Saskia , Varasteh Soheil , Wichers Harry J. , Folkerts Gert
Published: June 2021

Hypoxia and hyperthermia, which can be induced by high environmental temperature or strenuous exercise, are two common stressors that affect intestinal epithelial integrity and lead to multiple clinical symptoms. In this study, we developed an in-vitro intestinal monolayer model using two human colonic epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, co-cultured in Transwell inserts, and investigated the effects of heat treatment and/or hypoxia on the epithelial barrier function. The monolayer with a ratio of 9:1 (Caco-2:HT-29) showed high trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), low Lucifer Yellow permeability and high mucin production. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure (2 h) triggered heat shock and oxidative stress responses. HSP-70 and HSF-1 protein levels were up-regulated by hyperthermia, which were further enhanced when hyperthermia was combined with hypoxia. Increased HIF-1α protein expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was only caused by hypoxia. Hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure disrupted the established monolayer by increasing paracellular permeability, decreasing ZO-1, claudin-3 and occludin protein/mRNA expression, while enhancing E-cadherin protein expression. Tight junction protein distribution in the monolayer was also modulated by the hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In addition, transcription levels of mucin genes, MUC-2 and MUC-5AC, were increased after 2 h of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia exposure. In conclusion, this Caco-2/HT-29 cell model is valid and effective for studying detrimental effects of hyperthermia and/or hypoxia on intestinal barrier function and related heat shock and oxidative stress pathways and can be used to investigate possible interventions to reverse hyperthermia and/or hypoxia-induced intestinal epithelial injury.
Association between serum sphingolipids and eudaimonic well-being in white U.S. adults
Authors: Berkowitz Loni , Henríquez Marcela P. , Salazar Cristian , Rojas Eric , Echeverría Guadalupe , Love Gayle D. , Rigotti Attilio , Coe Christopher L. , Ryff Carol D.
Published: June 2021

Emerging research has linked psychological well-being with many physiological markers as well as morbidity and mortality. In this analysis, the relationship between components of eudaimonic well-being and serum sphingolipids levels was investigated using data from a large national survey of middle-aged American adults (Midlife in the United States). Health behaviors (i.e., diet, exercise, and sleep) were also examined as potential mediators of these relationships. Serum levels of total ceramides—the main molecular class of sphingolipids previously associated with several disease conditions—were inversely linked with environmental mastery. In addition, significant correlations were found between specific ceramide, dihydroceramide, and hexosylceramides species with environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Using hierarchical regression and mediation analyses, health behaviors appeared to mediate these associations. However, the link between ceramides and environmental mastery was partially independent of health behaviors, suggesting the role of additional mediating factors. These findings point to sphingolipid metabolism as a novel pathway of health benefits associated with psychological well-being. In particular, having a sense of environmental mastery may promote restorative behaviors and benefit health via improved blood sphingolipid profiles.
Meta-analysis of RNA-Seq studies reveals genes with dominant functions during flower bud endo- to eco-dormancy transition in Prunus species
Authors: Canton Monica , Forestan Cristian , Bonghi Claudio , Varotto Serena
Published: June 2021

In deciduous fruit trees, entrance into dormancy occurs in later summer/fall, concomitantly with the shortening of day length and decrease in temperature. Dormancy can be divided into endodormancy, ecodormancy and paradormancy. In Prunus species flower buds, entrance into the dormant stage occurs when the apical meristem is partially differentiated; during dormancy, flower verticils continue their growth and differentiation. Each species and/or cultivar requires exposure to low winter temperature followed by warm temperatures, quantified as chilling and heat requirements, to remove the physiological blocks that inhibit budburst. A comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies on flower buds of sweet cherry, apricot and peach was conducted, by investigating the gene expression profiles during bud endo- to ecodormancy transition in genotypes differing in chilling requirements. Conserved and distinctive expression patterns were observed, allowing the identification of gene specifically associated with endodormancy or ecodormancy. In addition to the MADS-box transcription factor family, hormone-related genes, chromatin modifiers, macro- and micro-gametogenesis related genes and environmental integrators, were identified as novel biomarker candidates for flower bud development during winter in stone fruits. In parallel, flower bud differentiation processes were associated to dormancy progression and termination and to environmental factors triggering dormancy phase-specific gene expression.
Reactive oxygen FIB spin milling enables correlative workflow for 3D super-resolution light microscopy and serial FIB/SEM of cultured cells
Authors: Wang Jing , Randolph Steven , Wu Qian , Botman Aurélien , Schardt Jenna , Bouchet-Marquis Cedric , Nan Xiaolin , Rue Chad , Straw Marcus
Published: June 2021

Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a powerful tool for defining the ultrastructural context of molecularly-labeled biological specimens, particularly when superresolution fluorescence microscopy (SRM) is used for CLEM. Current CLEM, however, is limited by the stark differences in sample preparation requirements between the two modalities. For CLEM using SRM, the small region of interest (ROI) of either or both modalities also leads to low success rate and imaging throughput. To overcome these limitations, here we present a CLEM workflow based on a novel focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) compatible with common SRM for imaging biological specimen with ultrahigh 3D resolution and improved imaging throughput. By using a reactive oxygen source in a plasma FIB (PFIB) and a rotating sample stage, the novel FIB/SEM was able to achieve several hundreds of micrometer large area 3D analysis of resin embedded cells through a process named oxygen serial spin mill (OSSM). Compared with current FIB mechanisms, OSSM offers gentle erosion, highly consistent slice thickness, reduced charging during SEM imaging, and improved SEM contrast without increasing the dose of post-staining and fixation. These characteristics of OSSM-SEM allowed us to pair it with interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (iPALM), a recent SRM technique that affords 10–20 nm isotropic spatial resolution on hydrated samples, for 3D CLEM imaging. We demonstrate a CLEM workflow generalizable to using other SRM strategies using mitochondria in human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells as a model system, where immunostained TOM20, a marker for the mitochondrial outer membrane, was used for iPALM. Owing to the large scan area of OSSM-SEM, it is now possible to select as many FOVs as needed for iPALM and conveniently re-locate them in EM, this improving the imaging throughput. The significantly reduced dose of post-fixation also helped to better preserve the sample ultrastructures as evidenced by the excellent 3D registration between OSSM-SEM and iPALM images and by the accurate localization of TOM20 (by iPALM) to the peripheries of mitochondria (by OSSM-SEM). These advantages make OSSM-SEM an ideal modality for CLEM applications. As OSSM-SEM is still in development, we also discuss some of the remaining issues and the implications to biological imaging with SEM alone or with CLEM.
Radiation-induced Hounsfield unit change correlates with dynamic CT perfusion better than 4DCT-based ventilation measures in a novel-swine model
Authors: Wuschner Antonia E. , Wallat Eric M. , Flakus Mattison J. , Shanmuganayagam Dhanansayan , Meudt Jennifer , Christensen Gary E. , Reinhardt Joseph M. , Miller Jessica R. , Lawless Michael J. , Baschnagel Andrew M. , Bayouth John E.
Published: June 2021

To analyze radiation induced changes in Hounsfield units and determine their correlation with changes in perfusion and ventilation. Additionally, to compare the post-RT changes in human subjects to those measured in a swine model used to quantify perfusion changes and validate their use as a preclinical model. A cohort of 5 Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS) were studied. Additionally, 19 human subjects were recruited as part of an IRB approved clinical trial studying functional avoidance radiation therapy for lung cancer and were treated with SBRT. Imaging (a contrast enhanced dynamic perfusion CT in the swine and 4DCT in the humans) was performed prior to and post-RT. Jacobian elasticity maps were calculated on all 4DCT images. Contours were created from the isodose lines to discretize analysis into 10 Gy dose bins. B-spline deformable image registration allowed for voxel-by-voxel comparative analysis in these contours between timepoints. The WMS underwent a research course of 60 Gy in 5 fractions delivered locally to a target in the lung using an MRI-LINAC system. In the WMS subjects, the dose-bin contours were copied onto the contralateral lung, which received < 5 Gy for comparison. Changes in HU and changes in Jacobian were analyzed in these contours. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes in the mean HU value post-RT compared to pre-RT were observed in both the human and WMS groups at all timepoints analyzed. The HU increased linearly with dose for both groups. Strong linear correlation was observed between the changes seen in the swine and humans (Pearson coefficient > 0.97, p < 0.05) at all timepoints. Changes seen in the swine closely modeled the changes seen in the humans at 12 months post RT (slope = 0.95). Jacobian analysis showed between 30 and 60% of voxels were damaged post-RT. Perfusion analysis in the swine showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in contrast inside the vasculature 3 months post-RT compared to pre-RT. The increases in contrast outside the vasculature was strongly correlated (Pearson Correlation 0.88) with the reduction in HU inside the vasculature but were not correlated with the changes in Jacobians. Radiation induces changes in pulmonary anatomy at 3 months post-RT, with a strong linear correlation with dose. The change in HU seen in the non-vessel lung parenchyma suggests this metric is a potential biomarker for change in perfusion. Finally, this work suggests that the WMS swine model is a promising pre-clinical model for analyzing radiation-induced changes in humans and poses several benefits over conventional swine models.
Progerin impairs 3D genome organization and induces fragile telomeres by limiting the dNTP pools
Authors: Kychygina Anna , Dall’Osto Marina , Allen Joshua A. M. , Cadoret Jean-Charles , Piras Vincent , Pickett Hilda A. , Crabbe Laure
Published: June 2021

Chromatin organization within the nuclear volume is essential to regulate many aspects of its function and to safeguard its integrity. A key player in this spatial scattering of chromosomes is the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE tethers large chromatin domains through interaction with the nuclear lamina and other associated proteins. This organization is perturbed in cells from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a genetic disorder characterized by premature aging features. Here, we show that HGPS-related lamina defects trigger an altered 3D telomere organization with increased contact sites between telomeres and the nuclear lamina, and an altered telomeric chromatin state. The genome-wide replication timing signature of these cells is perturbed, with a shift to earlier replication for regions that normally replicate late. As a consequence, we detected a higher density of replication forks traveling simultaneously on DNA fibers, which relies on limiting cellular dNTP pools to support processive DNA synthesis. Remarkably, increasing dNTP levels in HGPS cells rescued fragile telomeres, and improved the replicative capacity of the cells. Our work highlights a functional connection between NE dysfunction and telomere homeostasis in the context of premature aging.
Microstructural evidence of the toughening mechanisms of polyurethane reinforced with halloysite nanotubes under high strain-rate tensile loading
Authors: Aguiar Rafaela , Miller Ronald E. , Petel Oren E.
Published: June 2021

In this study, we have investigated the relationship between the spherulitic morphology and the dynamic tensile response of polyurethane reinforced with Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The polyurethane prepolymer is partially silane end-capped and filled with only 0.8 wt.% of acid-treated Halloysite nanotubes. The resultant nanocomposite material presents a 35% higher spall strength compared to the neat polyurethane and 21% higher fracture toughness. We show evidence that the HNTs are not the toughening phase in the nanocomposite, but rather it is their influence on the resultant spherulitic structures which alters the polymer microstructure and leads to a tougher dynamic response. Microstructural characterization is performed via Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and crystallinity examination via X-ray diffraction. The spherulitic structures present a brittle fracture character, while the interspherulitic regions are more ductile and show large deformation. The nanocomposite presents a finer and more rigid spherulitic structure, and a more energy dissipative fracture mechanism characterized by a rougher fracture surface with highly deformed interspherulitic regions.
Polyimide mesh-based sample holder with irregular crystal mounting holes for fixed-target serial crystallography
Authors: Nam Ki Hyun , Kim Jihan , Cho Yunje
Published: June 2021

The serial crystallography (SX) technique enables the determination of the room-temperature structure of a macromolecule while causing minimal radiation damage, as well as the visualization of the molecular dynamics by time-resolved studies. The fixed-target (FT) scanning approach is one method for SX sample delivery that minimizes sample consumption and minimizes physical damage to crystals during data collection. Settling of the crystals on the sample holder in random orientation is important for complete three dimensional data collection. To increase the random orientation of crystals on the sample holder, we developed a polyimide mesh-based sample holder with irregular crystal mounting holes for FT-SX. The polyimide mesh was fabricated using a picosecond laser. Each hole in the polyimide mesh has irregularly shaped holes because of laser thermal damage, which may cause more crystals to settle at random orientations compared to regular shaped sample holders. A crystal sample was spread onto a polyimide-mesh, and a polyimide film was added to both sides to prevent dehydration. Using this sample holder, FT-SX was performed at synchrotron and determined the room-temperature lysozyme structure at 1.65 Å. The polyimide mesh with irregularly shaped holes will allow for expanded applications in sample delivery for FT-SX experiments.
Impact of the volume of the myelomeningocele sac on imaging, prenatal neurosurgery and motor outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Corroenne Romain , Mehollin-Ray Amy R. , Johnson Rebecca M. , Whitehead William E. , Espinoza Jimmy , Castillo Jonathan , Castillo Heidi , Orman Gunes , Donepudi Roopali , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Belfort Michael A. , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: June 2021

To investigate the association of the myelomeningocele (MMC) volume with prenatal and postnatal motor function (MF) in cases who underwent a prenatal repair. Retrospective cohort study (11/2011 to 03/2019) of 63 patients who underwent a prenatal MMC repair (37 fetoscopic, 26 open-hysterotomy). At referral, measurements of the volume of MMC was performed based on ultrasound scans. A large MMC was defined as greater than the optimal volume threshold (ROC analysis) for the prediction of intact MF at referral (2.7 cc). Prenatal or postnatal intact motor function (S1) was defined as the observation of plantar flexion of the ankle based on ultrasound scan or postnatal examination. 23/63 participants presented a large MMC. Large MMC lesions was associated with an increased risk of having clubfeet by 9.5 times (CI%95[2.1–41.8], p < 0.01), and reduces the chances of having an intact MF at referral by 0.19 times (CI%95[0.1–0.6], p < 0.01). At birth, a large MMC reduces the chance of having an intact MF by 0.09 times (CI%95[0.01–0.49], p < 0.01), and increases the risk of having clubfeet by 3.7 times (CI%95[0.8–18.3], p = 0.11). A lower proportion of intact MF and a higher proportion of clubfeet pre- or postnatally were observed in cases with a large MMC sac who underwent a prenatal repair.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02230072 and NCT03794011 registered on September 3rd, 2014 and January 4th, 2019.
Gene expression profiles during tissue remodeling following bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Ito Saya , Nomura Takeshi , Ueda Takashi , Inui Shogo , Morioka Yukako , Honjo Hisashi , Fukui Ayako , Fujihara Atsuko , Hongo Fumiya , Ukimura Osamu
Published: June 2021

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) often results in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and negatively affects quality of life. Here, we evaluated gene expression patterns in the urinary bladder during tissue remodeling due to BOO. We divided BOO model rats into two groups according to the degree of hypertrophy of smooth muscle in the bladder. The strong muscular hypertrophy group, which exhibited markedly increased bladder smooth muscle proportion and HIF1α mRNA levels compared with the control group, was considered a model for the termination of hypertrophy, whereas the mild muscular hypertrophy group was considered a model of the initiation of hypertrophy. Some genes related to urinary function showed different expression patterns between the two groups. Furthermore, we found that several genes, including D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor (DBP), were upregulated only in the mild muscular hypertrophy group. DBP expression levels were increased in bladder smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxic stress. DBP associated with enhancer and promoter regions of NOS3 gene locus and upregulated NOS3 gene expression under hypoxic conditions. These findings suggested that the regulatory systems of gene expression were altered during tissue remodeling following BOO. Furthermore, circadian clock components might be involved in control of urinary function via transcriptional gene regulation in response to hypoxic stimuli.
A knockout cell library of GPI biosynthetic genes for functional studies of GPI-anchored proteins
Authors: Liu Si-Si , Liu Yi-Shi , Guo Xin-Yu , Murakami Yoshiko , Yang Ganglong , Gao Xiao-Dong , Kinoshita Taroh , Fujita Morihisa
Published: June 2021

Over 100 kinds of proteins are expressed as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) on the cell surface in mammalian cells. GPI-APs possess unique properties in terms of their intracellular trafficking and association with lipid rafts. Although it is clear that GPI-APs play critical roles in various biological phenomena, it is poorly understood how the GPI moiety contributes to these mechanisms. More than 30 genes are involved in the correct biosynthesis of GPI-APs. We here constructed a cell library in which 32 genes involved in GPI biosynthesis were knocked out in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Using the cell library, the surface expression and sensitivity to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of GPI-APs were analyzed. Furthermore, we identified structural motifs of GPIs that are recognized by a GPI-binding toxin, aerolysin. The cell-based GPI-knockout library could be applied not only to basic researches, but also to applications and methodologies related to GPI-APs.
Graphite Nanoplatelet–Carbon Nanotube Hybrids for Electrical Conducting Polymer Composites
Authors: Zhao Hang , He Delong , Bai Jinbo
Published: June 2021

Due to their outstanding intrinsic functional properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT-loaded composites have received intensive investigations in recent decades. The overall electrical conducting property of a composite is closely dependent on the dispersion, inherent electrical conductivity and interfacial interaction with the matrix of CNTs. However, owing to their high aspect ratio and intensive surface interaction, CNTs are hard to disperse homogeneously in polymer-based matrices. Amongst the ways of solving this issue, that of designing a reasonable CNT array hybrid construction could be a promising solution, without changing the inherent features of CNTs and the CNT–matrix interfacial chemical structure. In order to elevate both the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the hybrid and the construction efficiency of the conductive network in the matrix, a typical graphite nanoplatelet–carbon nanotube hybrid (GCH) was prepared. This chapter first outlines recent representative research developments in the microstructure, synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials and GCHs, and then summarises general strategies to optimise CNT dispersion in the matrix; moreover, concentrating on the crucial issues in dielectric and electrically conducting functional polymer-based composites. Possible regulation mechanisms of GCHs on the polymer crystalline structure, microcapacitor network development, conductive network construction and the overall electrical functional properties of the composites are analysed. Finally, a relatively comprehensive summary and several perspectives are provided to propose the critical challenges that need further research in this promising field.
Deposition of MoSe2 flakes using cyclic selenides
Authors: Charvot Jaroslav , Zazpe Raul , Krumpolec Richard , Rodriguez-Pereira Jhonatan , Pavliňák David , Pokorný Daniel , Klikar Milan , Jelínková Veronika , Macak Jan M. , Bureš Filip
Published: June 2021

Diselenadisiletanes possess easy preparation, tailored stability, reactivity, volatility and fast exchange ALD reaction to afford MoSe2 flakes of high quality.
Multivariate curve resolution combined with estimation by cosine similarity mapping of analytical data
Authors: Nagai Yuya , Katayama Kenji
Published: June 2021

We developed a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) calculation combined with the mapping of cosine similarity (cos-s) for estimating multiple mixture spectra of chemicals.
Near infrared imaging of intracellular GSH by AuNCs@MnO2 core–shell nanoparticles based on the absorption competition mechanism
Authors: Yao Haiyang , Jiang Difei , Dong Gaoqiu , Sun Jiamin , Sun Shasha , Li Lingling , Zheng Fenfen , Xiong Weiwei
Published: June 2021

AuNCs@MnO2 core–shell nanoprobes for NIR fluorescence imaging of intracellular GSH based on the absorption competition mechanism.
The facile formation of hierarchical mesoporous silica nanocarriers for tumor-selective multimodal theranostics
Authors: Guo Xiaoyan , Zhu Man , Yuan Pingyun , Liu Tao , Tian Ran , Bai Yongkang , Zhang Yanmin , Chen Xin
Published: June 2021

The combination of therapeutic and diagnostic functions in a single platform has aroused great interest due to the more optimal synergistic effects that can be obtained as compared to any single theranostic approach alone.
Interface-mediated formation of basic cobalt carbonate/polyethyleneimine composite microscrolls by strain-induced self-rolling
Authors: Gruen Viktoria , Helfricht Nicolas , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Schenk Anna S.
Published: June 2021

Basic cobalt carbonate sheets are deposited by gas diffusion at the air/solution interface mediated by PEI. Strain-induced self-rolling yields nanostructured spirals, which can be pseudomorphically converted into Co3O4 with mesoscale channels.
Aminium cation-radical catalysed selective hydration of (E)-aryl enynes
Authors: Giel Marie-Claire , Barrow Andrew S. , Smedley Christopher J. , Lewis William , Moses John E.
Published: June 2021

A new selective method for the mild and metal-free catalytic Markovnikov hydration of (E)-aryl enynes to the corresponding enones, mediated through the bench-stable aminium salt, tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate (TBPA), is reported.
Unprecedented [d9]Cu⋯[d10]Au coinage bonding interactions in {Cu(NH3)4[Au(CN)2]}+[Au(CN)2]− salt
Authors: Priola Emanuele , Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Andreo Jacopo , Frontera Antonio
Published: June 2021

The X-ray structure of the {Cu(NH3)4[Au(CN)2]}+[Au(CN)2]− salt is reported showing an unprecedented [d9]Cu⋯[d10]Au coinage bond.
Proton-accelerated Lewis acid catalysis for stereo- and regioselective isomerization of epoxides to allylic alcohols
Authors: Noji Masahiro , Baba Misako , Hirabe Rina , Hayashi Satoshi , Takanami Toshikatsu
Published: June 2021

The isomerization of epoxides to allylic alcohols was developed via proton-accelerated Lewis acid catalysis. The addition of tBuOH as a proton source is the key to the efficient catalytic cycle.
Self-passivated CuV2O6 as a universal photoelectrode material for reliable and accurate photoelectrochemical sensing
Authors: Dong Boheng , Sun Tingting , Jiang Xiang , Guo Pengran , Yang Guofen , Wang Fuxian
Published: June 2021

CuV2O6 with unique self-passivation and excellent stability for reliable and accurate PEC detection of various macromolecules.
DFT benchmark studies on representative species and poisons of methane steam reforming on Ni(111)
Authors: Yadavalli Sai Sharath , Jones Glenn , Stamatakis Michail
Published: June 2021

Comparisons of DFT and experiments on methane-steam reforming assess the predictive quality of 12 state-of-the-art GGA, DFT-D and vdW functionals.
Molecular dynamics study of wetting of alkanes on water: from high temperature to the supercooled region and the influence of second inflection points of interfacial tensions
Authors: Neupane Pauf , Wilemski Gerald
Published: June 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations find unusual behavior of contact angle for alkanes on water at low temperatures.
Enhancing the yield of calcium carbonate precipitation by obstacles in laminar flow in a confined geometry
Authors: Bere Katalin Viktória , Nez Emilie , Balog Edina , Janovák László , Sebők Dániel , Kukovecz Ákos , Roux Clément , Pimienta Veronique , Schuszter Gábor
Published: June 2021

Flow-driven precipitation experiments are performed in model porous media shaped within the confinement of a Hele-Shaw cell.
On the temperature and pressure dependence of dielectric relaxation processes in ionic liquids
Authors: Pabst Florian , Wojnarowska Zaneta , Paluch Marian , Blochowicz Thomas
Published: June 2021

The temperature and pressure dependence of two dynamic processes in the dielectric spectra of five supercooled ionic liquids equipped with octyl-chains are reported. The microscopic origin of these processes is discussed.
Single-atom catalysts based on TiN for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction: a theoretical study
Authors: He Bingling , Shen Jiansheng , Wang Bin , Lu Zhansheng , Ma Dongwei
Published: June 2021

The catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction of the single-atom catalysts based on the cost-efficient defective TiN(100) surface was theoretically studied. Among forty-three systems, ten ones are predicted to be efficient.
Atomistic insights into the structure and elasticity of densified 45S5 bioactive glasses
Authors: Ouldhnini Youssef , Atila Achraf , Ouaskit Said , Hasnaoui Abdellatif
Published: June 2021

The mechanical properties of bioactive glasses could be tailored without losing their bioactive nature by quenching under pressure.
Layered double hydroxide-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction: identification and tailoring of active sites, and superaerophobic nanoarray electrode assembly
Authors: Zhou Daojin , Li Pengsong , Lin Xiao , McKinley Adam , Kuang Yun , Liu Wen , Lin Wen-Feng , Sun Xiaoming , Duan Xue
Published: June 2021

Opportunities and challenges in tailoring layered double hydroxides and constructing them into superaerophobic nanoarray electrodes for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Mechanism of surface and interface engineering under diverse dimensional combinations: the construction of efficient nanostructured MXene-based photocatalysts
Authors: Bai Xiaojuan , Hou Shanshan , Wang Xuyu , Hao Derek , Sun Boxuan , Jia Tianqi , Shi Rui , Ni Bing-Jie
Published: June 2021

Proposed scheme of the surface and interface engineering to improve the charge separation efficiency of MXene-based photocatalysts.
Factors affecting the mixed-layer concentrations of singlet oxygen in sunlit lakes
Authors: Partanen Sarah B. , Apell Jennifer N. , Lin Jianming , McNeill Kristopher
Published: June 2021

[1O2]SSwithin lake epilimnia are highly affected by epilimnion depth and are barely affected by DOC concentration within the lake.
Particulate matter aggravates Alzheimer's disease by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome to release ASC specks
Authors: Zheng Runxiao , Zhang Jing , Han Xiaoqing , Wu Yunyun , Yan Jiao , Song Panpan , Wang Yanjing , Wu Xiaqing , Zhang Haiyuan
Published: June 2021

PM2.5 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome to release ASC specks and interact with the Aβ monomer to induce Aβ aggregation, further inducing AD.
Effect ofLactobacillus fermentumTKSN041 on improving streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats
Authors: Zhou Xianrong , Shang Guan-sheng , Tan Qian , He Qin , Tan Xiaoyu , Park Kun-Young , Zhao Xin
Published: June 2021

With the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes, it is imperative to identify how to effectively prevent or treat this disease.
Acoustic valves in microfluidic channels for droplet manipulation
Authors: Qin Xianming , Wei Xueyong , Li Lei , Wang Hairong , Jiang Zhuangde , Sun Dong
Published: June 2021

A novel concept of using acoustic valves in microfluidic channels for droplet manipulation through the usage of two focused acoustic fields can realize both droplet sorting and droplet capture on one chip.
Dual detection of nafcillin using a molecularly imprinted polymer-based platform coupled to thermal and fluorescence read-out
Authors: Hudson Alexander D. , Jamieson Oliver , Crapnell Robert D. , Rurack Knut , Soares Thais C. C. , Mecozzi Francesco , Laude Alex , Gruber Jonas , Novakovic Katarina , Peeters Marloes
Published: June 2021

Reported here is the production of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films, integrating a fluorescent moiety that serves as both an element for template interaction and signalling, for the thermal and optical detection of the antibiotic nafcillin.
The effect of storage cycle on improvement in the photovoltaic parameters of planar triple cation perovskite solar cells
Authors: La Ferrara Vera , De Maria Antonella , Rametta Gabriella , Delli Veneri Paola
Published: June 2021

Humid air and low vacuum storage of glass/ITO/SnO2/triple cation perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au aid in the improvement of PCE (from 13.2% to 20.8% after 72 h and to 20.9% after 720 h). After storage, all the PV parameters increased and hysteresis-free behaviour was observed.
Characterization of the high temperature properties of BaCe0.4Zr0.4Pr0.2O3−δ perovskite as a potential material for PC-SOFCs
Authors: Basbus Juan , Arce Mauricio , Troiani Horacio , Prado Fernando , Mogni Liliana , Serquis Adriana
Published: June 2021

This work presents a systematic study of the high temperature properties of BaCe0.4Zr0.4Pr0.2O3−δ perovskite in view of its potential application in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells.
Expanding the NMR toolkit for biological solids: oxygen-17 enriched Fmoc-amino acids
Authors: Klein Brittney A. , Tkachuk Dylan G. , Terskikh Victor V. , Michaelis Vladimir K.
Published: June 2021

We report the solid-state 17O NMR parameters for five previously uncharacterized N-α-fluoren-9-yl-methoxycarbonyl-O-t-butyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids.
Double-site recognition of Staphylococcus aureus using a metal–organic framework material with an alkaline hydrolysis property as a sensitive fluorescent probe
Authors: Wei Junyi , Zhang Lvxia , Yang Hongling , Wang Lin , Fu Zhifeng
Published: June 2021

A metal–organic framework material with an alkaline hydrolysis property was used as a sensitive fluorescent probe for double-site recognition of Staphylococcus aureus.
New insight into the aptamer conformation and aptamer/protein interaction by surface-enhanced Raman scattering and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Safar Wafa , Tatar Andra-Sorina , Leray Aymeric , Potara Monica , Liu Qiqian , Edely Mathieu , Djaker Nadia , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Fu Weiling , Derouich Sarra Gam , Felidj Nordin , Astilean Simion , Finot Eric , Lamy de la Chapelle Marc
Published: June 2021

Combining SERS and statistical analysis, we demonstrated that an aptamer is a flexible molecule that is blocked in a specific conformation to capture its analyte and we provided evidence for the dynamics of the aptamer/protein interaction.
Development of macroscopically ordered liquid crystalline hydrogels from biopolymers with robust antibacterial activity for controlled drug delivery applications
Authors: Raveendran Reshma L. , Anirudhan Thayyath S.
Published: June 2021

Macroscopically ordered liquid crystalline hydrogel with antibacterial activity for controlled drug delivery applications.
EPR spectroscopy elucidates the electronic structure of [FeV(O)(TAML)] complexes
Authors: Kim Yujeong , Kim Jin , Nguyen Linh K. , Lee Yong-Min , Nam Wonwoo , Kim Sun Hee
Published: June 2021

The complete hyperfine tensor of 17O of the FeV-oxo moeity was probed by ENDOR spectroscopy. The EPR spectroscopic results reported here provide a conclusive experimental basis for elucidating the electronic structure of the FeV-oxo complex.
A family of Mn(ii) complexes exhibiting strong photo- and triboluminescence as well as polymorphic luminescence
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Davydova Maria P. , Rakhmanova Mariana I. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Pishchur Denis P.
Published: June 2021

New Mn(ii) complexes supported by diphosphine dioxides exhibit strong room-temperature phosphorescence as well as bright triboluminescence and polymorphic luminescence.
Carbon nitride initiated photopolymerization into a luminescent elastomer hydrogel
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Xia , Hu Quanli , Jiang Dandan , Lu Ye , Wang Yin , Wang Jinghui , Liu Jinghai
Published: June 2021

The PAM-CN ESH with elastomeric and fluorescence properties was synthesized by photoinduced polymerization without cross-linkers and initiators.
Highly regio- and stereo-selective heterogeneous 1,3-diyne hydrosilylation controlled by a nickel-metalated porous organic polymer
Authors: Yang Ying , Jiang Ya-Nan , Lin Zhi-Yi , Zeng Jia-Hao , Liu Zhi-Kai , Zhan Zhuang-Ping
Published: June 2021

A porous organic polymer (POL-xantphos) was synthesized and employed as a heterogeneous ligand for nickel catalyzed highly regio- and stereo-selective 1,3-diyne hydrosilylation.
Preparation of a platinum nanoparticle catalyst located near photocatalyst titanium oxide and its catalytic activity to convert benzyl alcohols to the corresponding ethers
Authors: Wada Yuki , Akiyama Toshiki , Harada Kazuo , Honma Tetsuo , Naka Hiroshi , Saito Susumu , Arisawa Mitsuiro
Published: June 2021

A novel platinum nanoparticle catalyst closely located near the surface of titanium oxide, PtNP/TiO2, has been prepared. It has catalytic activity to afford ethers from benzyl alcohols under the wavelength of 420 nm.
Estrogenic activity of lignin-derivable alternatives to bisphenol A assessed via molecular docking simulations
Authors: Amitrano Alice , Mahajan Jignesh S. , Korley LaShanda T. J. , Epps Thomas H.
Published: June 2021

This article explores lignin-derivable bisphenols as alternatives to bisphenol A – a suspected endocrine disruptor – by investigating their structure-activity relationships with respect to estrogen receptor alpha via molecular docking.
Experimental and DFT studies of gadolinium decorated graphene oxide materials for their redox properties and as a corrosion inhibition barrier layer on Mg AZ13 alloy in a 3.5% NaCl environment
Authors: N. Palaniappan , Cole Ivan S. , Kuznetsov A. , Thomas K. R. Justin , K. Balasubramanian , Manickam Sivakumar
Published: June 2021

Gadolinium electrostatically interacts with the epoxy group of graphene oxide. Non-bonding electrons of graphene oxide enhance electron transfer between the polarized metal alloy surface and product alloy surface from the corrosive medium.
Phosphorescent [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated Ir(iii) cyano complexes for achieving efficient phosphors and their application in OLED devices
Authors: Wu Yuan , Yang Chen , Liu Jie , Zhang Meng , Liu Weiqiang , Li Wansi , Wu Chengcheng , Cheng Gang , Yang Qingdan , Wei Guodan , Che Chi-Ming
Published: June 2021

Construction of [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated iridium(iii) cyano complexes for achieving high-efficiency phosphors and their application in blue OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off.
A high-spin diradical dianion and its bridged chemically switchable single-molecule magnet
Authors: Cui Haiyan , Hu Zhao-Bo , Chen Chao , Ruan Huapeng , Fang Yong , Zhang Li , Zhao Yue , Tan Gengwen , Song You , Wang Xinping
Published: June 2021

We report a triplet diradical dianion in magnesium complex with ΔEST = 0.94 kcal mol−1 (473 K). Its iron analog is the first single-molecule magnet bridged by a diradical dianion, and the SMM property is switched off through two-electron reduction.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of spirocyclobutyl oxindoles and beyond via [2+2] cycloaddition and sequential transformations
Authors: Zhong Xia , Tan Jiuqi , Qiao Jianglin , Zhou Yuqiao , Lv Cidan , Su Zhishan , Dong Shunxi , Feng Xiaoming
Published: June 2021

Three distinct types of chiral cyclic compounds were accessible by catalytic asymmetric synthesis of spirocyclobutyl oxindoles via [2+2] cycloaddition and sequential transformations.
Enhancing efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells via in situ incorporation of lead sulfide layer
Authors: Zhang Yue , Han Yuxia , Xu Yanting , Yu Guanghui , Miao Yu , Gao CaiYan , Zhou Xueqin , Song YanLin , Jiang Ke-Jian
Published: June 2021

Surface defects of perovskite films were passivated by lead sulfide through in situ reaction with thioacetamide in solution, and the resultant perovskite solar cell exhibited a stable output efficiency of 21.22% with high stability.
High-performance ultracapacitor electrodes realized by 3-dimensionally bicontinuous block copolymer nanostructures with enhanced ion kinetics
Authors: Lee Gun Ho , Park Byung Jun , Nam Tae Won , Kim Ye Ji , Lee Gyu Rac , Cho Eugene N. , Jung Yeon Sik
Published: June 2021

Exceptional electrochemical energy-storage performances are demonstrated with three-dimensionally bicontinuous carbon nanostructures with interconnected, size-tunable macro-channels derived from block copolymer self-assembly.
Investigating the backbone conformation and configuration effects for donor–acceptor conjugated polymers with ladder-type structures synthesized through Aldol polycondensation
Authors: Huang Yen-Wen , Lin Yan-Cheng , Li Jian-Sian , Chen Wen-Chang , Chueh Chu-Chen
Published: June 2021

Aldol reaction is a green approach that is exclusively suitable for developing conjugated polymers (CPs) with ladder-type structures.
Evaluating the Use of Oral Trials for Inpatient Dysphagia Management: An Initial Cross-Sectional Database Study
Authors: Julier Rebecca , Benfield Jacqueline K.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Oral trials, otherwise known as
swallow trials
or
tasters,
are widely used in dysphagia management. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effectiveness of oral trials or outlined how the approach is utilized in everyday practice. This article aims to start a dialogue regarding this much-used but little-evidenced dysphagia intervention by exploring three main aspects to (a) identify the patient demographics and environments in which oral trials are used in hospital, (b) explore clinical decision making around the approach, and (c) consider clinical implications around current findings and future areas for research.

Method

A cross-sectional examination of 118 patients on the dysphagia caseload of a United Kingdom–based inpatient speech and language therapy team was conducted. Statistical analysis explored demographic differences between oral trials groups and the rest of the dysphagia caseload.

Results

Twenty-three of 118 (19.5%) individuals on the caseload were or had been on oral trials during admission. Individuals in the oral trials group were significantly more likely to have a neurological diagnosis than the full oral intake group (78.3% vs. 30.5%,
p
< .001). There was a lack of uniformity in oral trials recommendations, and the rationale behind quantity and types of diet or fluids offered was unclear.

Conclusions

This study begins to evidence the use of a dysphagia therapy not previously explored within existing literature. It highlights the wide use of oral trials within the hospital trust observed. Based on current evidence, it would be difficult for clinicians to know how to implement oral trials as an intervention. Further research is required both to explore the effectiveness of this approach and also to develop a consensus within practice around how, why, and when oral trials are offered. This would ensure an equitable and effective service is offered and would ensure a high standard of evidence-based practice within dysphagia management.
Acquired Brain Injury in Adults: A Review of Pathophysiology, Recovery, and Rehabilitation
Authors: Gilmore Natalie , Katz Douglas I. , Kiran Swathi
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to summarize existing literature from a range of fields (i.e., neurology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, neuroimaging, rehabilitation, speech-language pathology) that is relevant to the development and/or revision of cognitive rehabilitation programs for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) and, in particular, for young adults.

Method

This review article reviews a range of ABI-associated topics including (a) mechanisms of injury; (b) biological, individual-specific, and behavioral drivers of recovery; and (c) current methods of cognitive rehabilitation. It then narrows focus to young adults, a frequently affected and growing population to sustain ABI. The review article concludes by providing (a) suggestions for key components of cognitive rehabilitation for young adults with ABI, (b) an example from our own research providing intensive academically focused cognitive rehabilitation for young adults with ABI pursuing college, and (c) recommendations for future behavioral and neuroimaging studies in this area.

Conclusions

ABI is on the rise in the United States. Young adults have been sustaining ABI at higher rates over the past several decades. These injuries occur when they would otherwise be advancing their academic and career goals, making the cognitive deficits that often accompany ABI especially devastating for this group. Review of existing literature suggests cognitive rehabilitation programs that combine aspects of restorative, comprehensive, and contextualized approaches could promote recovery for young adults with ABI. Future intervention studies may benefit from including both behavioral and neural outcomes to best understand how principles of neuroplasticity—naturally embedded within many cognitive rehabilitation approaches—could be manipulated to promote cognitive recovery and long-lasting brain reorganization in this group.
The Health Evaluation of Wetland Ecosystem in the Yangtze River Economic Zone Based on Remote Sensing——A Case Study of Yunnan Wetland
Authors: Wang Haonan , Yu Fan , Li Jun
Published: June 2021

In order to provide a scientific basis for the development of the Yunnan wetland ecosystem, we construct a wetland ecosystem health evaluation system with 15 evaluation indexes selected from three aspects including pressure, status and response based on PSR mathematical model. Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was used to determine the weight of indicators and the Yunnan wetland ecosystem was divided into “the five health status” of “health, sub-health, fragility, illness, and scurviness”, which are used to analyze and evaluate the health status of it through a comprehensive evaluation index. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index of ecosystem health status of Yunnan wetland is 0.5524 in 2017, locating in the grade of “fragility” and is close to the status of “sub-healthy”; Among the 3 levels of pressure, state, and response, the pressure and state are locating in the grade of “fragility” and the response is close to the status of “health”. Among the 15 evaluation indexes, the rate of change of wetland area, the area of water body, the hydrological regulation and the wetland management level are the most important factors affecting the ecosystem health of Yunnan wetland.
Study on Formation Mechanism of Zonal Disintegration of Surrounding Rock in Deep Tunnel
Authors: Zhou Heng , An Xiaofan , Zhang Ying , Chen Xuguang , Di Shengjie , Lu Xi
Published: June 2021

With the construction of underground rock engineering, the surrounding rock in deep tunnels appears zonal disintegration of fracture and intact zones alternate distribution, which is a special engineering geological phenomenon. This study establishes a partitioned fracture model under the coupling of high in-situ stress and osmotic pressure, and identify the key influencing factors of the fracture model. Furthermore, a stress intensity factor (SIF) of initial cracks on surrounding rock elastoplastic boundary is derived using the transformation of complex functions. Considering the high seepage pressure of the surrounding rocks, a zonal fracture initiation criterion is established combined with the analysis of redistributed stress fields. Finally, the obtained criterion is embedded into an extended finite element method (XFEM) platform for numerical simulation. Taking the maximum circumferential tensile stress as a cracking criterion, the propagation trajectory of rock cracks is traced by contour methods. Calculation results have realized the modelling of a whole process of crack initiation, propagation, and formation. And the established criterion has be verified.