bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Correlation between Children’s Attachment of Working Mothers with Preschoolers’ Socialization
Authors: Dr. Sri Maryati Deliana M.Si  , Yuni Kusumastuti  , Moh. Iqbal Mabruri S.Psi, M.Si
Published: December 2021

Preschoolers begin to recognize the new environment, so the children are required to be able to socialize with the social environment. Many factors that influence the formation of preschoolers’ social ability, one of those is the attachment of the child with the mother. That attachment is formed because of their interaction included the working mother. The attachment will impact the children’s social ability in their environment. This research is quantitative correlation method. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between children’s attachment of working mothers with their socialization. The population of this research is the working mothers of preschoolers in Semarang City, consist of 312 children from seven kindergartens in Semarang City that chosen randomly. The data were using Scale of Socialization measure that consists of 26 items that has avalidity coefficient between 0.370 to 0.669 at a significance level of 1% and reliability coefficient of 0.880. The second one is Scale of Attachment measure that consist of 30 items, that has validity coefficient between 0.421 to 0.767 at a significance level of 1% and reliability coefficient of 0.920. The data analysis method used was product moment correlation. The result is p = 0,00 at a significance level of 0,05, p <0,05, so that there is correlation between children’s attachment of working mothers with preschoolers’ socialization. The results showed a pattern of social behavior socialization competition, sympathy and mimics are on a high category. While the behavior patterns of social cooperation, generosity, passion will be social acceptance, empathy, dependency, attitude is friendly, unselfish behavior and viscosity is very high on the category. For attachment to that aspect of attachment behavior, attachment bond and attachment behavioral system at high category. Research a general results are disseminated in category and high attachment is very high on the category.
Work Motivation of Employees in Private Sector
Authors: Sandip K. Siddhpara  , Dr. Divyesh P. Parmar
Published: December 2021

The present study aimed to know the work motivation among technical work and administrative work in private sector. It also aimed to check work motivation with reference to types of work and level of experience. The Work Motivation Questionnaire (WMQ-A) prepared by Agarwal (2012) was used. The sample constituted total 120 employees out of which 60 were from types of work (30 technical and 30 administrative) and 60 from level of experience (Less than 10 years and More than 10 years). The data was collected from private sector of Ahmedabad City. The data was scored, analyzed as per the manual. ‘F’ test was being calculated. The result showed that (1) The technical working employees is having more work motivation than administrative working employees (2) The level of experience of less than 10 years in working employees is having good work motivation than level of experience of more than 10 years in working employees and (3) There is no significant difference between interactive effect of the mean score of the work motivation of types of work and level of experience.
Relationship between English Language Related Academic Stress and English Language Anxiety of Secondary School Students
Authors: Beena Nandakumar  , Dr. K. V. Jeeva Rathina
Published: December 2021

The present study aim to explore the relationship between English language related academic stress and English language anxiety of secondary school students. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 312 secondary school students by administering the English Language Related Academic Stress Scale, and English Language Anxiety Scale. Statistical techniques such as t-test, product moment correlation, and two tailed test of significance for the differences between two independent coefficients of correlation were used for data analyses. Gender, medium of instruction, and levels of achievement in English were found to have significant effect on the English language related academic stress of secondary school students. English language related academic stress and English language anxiety of secondary school students were found to be correlated significantly and positively. While there was significant difference between boys and girls in the degree of relationship between the variables, neither the medium of instruction nor the levels of achievement in English was found to be decisive in discriminating the groups based on the degree of relationship between the variables.
Level of Job Satisfaction, Motivation (Intrinsic and Extrinsic) and Organizational Commitment, Of Nurses Working In Public and Private Hospitals
Authors: Sukrita Mukherjee  , Dr. Ishita Chatterjee
Published: December 2021

Job satisfaction is the response that an employee has towards any job, while, organizational commitment can be defined as the emotional responses which an employee has towards his organization. It is considered that these two variables are highly interrelated. In other words, while an employee has positive feelings towards the organization, it values and objectives, it is also possible for him to be unsatisfied with the job he has in the organization. Nurse Job satisfaction is a crucial topic because hospitals are suffering from lower nurse job satisfaction nowadays. Nurses, on the other hand, also, need to be motivated to accomplish their tasks, provide quality care and contribute to the development of the nursing profession. Lack of motivation can lead to dissatisfaction among nurses, not feeling part of the hospital, intention to quit the hospital and/or nursing profession, and increased work stress levels. The present study aims to understand the level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of nurses, working in private and government hospitals. The study sample consists of 200 nurses (100 each from private and government hospitals). The ratio was 50-50. The results indicated that the t test value was significant for the domains of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Intrinsic Motivation at 0.00 levels, and the value was insignificant for the Extrinsic Motivation at 0.00 levels. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was also administered and the results indicated that there was a significant correlation between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of the nurses’ working in both public and private sector respectively.
Study Habit of School Going Students on Rajkot District Area
Authors: Dr. Vandana Solanki
Published: December 2021

The Present study main aim study habit of school going students. The random sample consisted of 240 boys and 240 girls of high and senior secondary schools of Rajkot districts. In this study Investigator was used Study Habits Inventory by M. N. Palsane and S. Sharma for testing of the student’s study habits. The results reported that the main effect of urban and rural area, types of school study habits was very highly significant.
Teacher effectiveness among Secondary School Teachers from Government and Private Schools
Authors: Priyanka D. Soni
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of Teacher effectiveness among Secondary school teachers of Government and Private sector in relation to their type of the institution and gender. A sample of 160 (80 Male Teachers and 80 Female Teachers) was carried out from govt. schools and private school of Ahmedabad Districts. Data was collected using by Teacher Effectiveness scale by Dr. Parmod Kumar and D.N.Mutha (1985). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The Results revealed that significant deference observed between teacher effectiveness of Government and Private Secondary school teachers, Teacher Effectiveness more in Private Secondary School Teachers. It is also found that, significant difference in Government and Private Female Secondary School teachers and the private Female teacher’s Effectiveness is more. Also the result shows that Government Secondary School Teachers have more Teachers effectiveness than Private Secondary School Female Teachers Male and Female private school teachers.
POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE INTERNET SPACE AS AN OBJECT OF SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Бутузова Ирина Владимировна , Кружкова Татьяна Алексеевна
Published: December 2021

Рассматриваются роль и особенности политической коммуникации, принципы ее применения в Интернет-пространстве на современном этапе развития постиндустриального (информационного) общества.

This article examines the role and features of political communication, the principles of its application in the Internet space at the present stage of development of the postindustrial (information) society.
THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM IN I. BERLIN'S INTELLECTUAL HISTORY
Authors: Потамская Вера Павловна
Published: December 2021

Рассматривается трактовка И. Берлином концепта «свободы». Берлин сосредотачивается на дифференциации негативной и позитивной свободы, поддерживая негативную свободу, восходящую к классической английской политической философии. Понятие позитивной свободы связывается Берлином с континентальной мыслью - воззрениями Г.В.Ф. Гегеля, Ж.Ж. Руссо, И. Гердера и К. Маркса. Он указывает, что позитивная свобода может переродиться в свою противоположность - деспотизм. Негативная свобода, в свою очередь, не претерпевает превращения во что-то настолько далекое от ее изначального значения.

The article is devoted to I. Berlin's interpretation of the concept of «freedom». Berlin focuses on the differentiation of negative and positive freedom, supporting negative freedom that goes back to classical English political philosophy. Berlin connects the concept of positive freedom with continental thought - the views of G.V.F. Hegel, J.J. Rousseau, I. Herder and K. Marx. Berlin points out that positive freedom can be reborn into its opposite - despotism. Negative freedom, in turn, doesn’t turn into something so far from its original meaning.
Prevalence of chickenpox in primary school children in Baquba city
Authors:   Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baquba Teaching Hospital, Diyala,Iraq, Yahya Abbood Sarmad , D Hameed Saad , M  Hussein Wathik
Published: December 2021

Background: Chickenpox is a viral disease caused by a virus called Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). It is more prevalent among children less than 10 years. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chickenpox among the different age groups and monthly distribution per year in Baquba city sectors recorded in Baquba teaching hospital. Patients and Methods: Data was collected of 82 patients from 1st January –31 th July 2019, and the statistical data was recorded as name, age, sectored where patients' lives. Results: Eighty-two patients with chickenpox data were collected in Baquba teaching hospital, male 52(63.4%) , and female 30(36.5%) of cases in different age groups, were highest prevalence in(9-12) years age group (30) cases, and lowest in cases older than 12 years old were (6) cases reported, t-test (2.671). Conclusion: Chickenpox more common in male, highest infections were reported in winter months. Keywords: Chickenpox, Varicella-Zoster Virus, children
Serum Creatinine and Creatine Kinase as an Indicator for Gingival Wound Healing in Rabbits by Supplementation of Pomegranate Seed Extract
Authors:   Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, Majeed Omer Rezan
Published: December 2021

Background: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an edible fruit that has been described as a medical and therapeutic functional food in the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Objective: To investigate the use of serum creatinine (Cr) level and creatine kinase (CK) activity as indicators for gingival wound healing process rate in rabbits, supplemented on pomegranate seed extract (PSE). Patients and Methods: A total of 45 rabbit males were used. They were divided into 3 groups; 5 rabbits as a baseline group that left without a buccal gingival wound. 20 rabbits (5 rabbits per each time interval) as a study group with buccal gingival wound with PSE supplementation, and another 20 rabbits (5 rabbits per each time interval) as a control group with gingival wound without PSE supplementation. A buccal gingival wound was created on the lower right central incisor, and the suture was removed after (7) days. Blood samples were collected for the baseline group and at time intervals; 3 hour, 1, 3, 7 days after creating the wound for both control and study groups to determine serum Cr and serum CK. Results: Serum Cr and CK significantly increased in all time intervals after gingival wounds, in the control group compared with baseline values. Whereas the levels significantly increased in rabbits receiving PSE at intervals of 3 hours, 1 and 3 days after gingival wound, they returned to the baseline values, seven days after gingival wound incision. Conclusion: Serum Cr and CK increase in the buccal gingival wound, while oral supplementation of PSE can decline them to the baseline value after a period of time, therefore these parameters can be used as indicators for gingival wound healing rate. Keywords: Punicagranatum seed extract, gingival wound healing, creatinine, creatine kinase.
Clinical and Social Findings of Childhood Epilepsy
Authors:   Albatool Teaching Hospital, Diyala,Iraq, H Wali Marwa , SH Jebr Mehdi , SH Mahmood Najdat
Published: December 2021

Background: Seizures are defined as a transient occurrence of signs and symptoms due to the abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain characterized by abrupt and involuntary skeletal muscle activity. Seizure is related to specific risk factors like positive family history, fever, infections, neurological comorbidity, premature birth, mother’s alcohol abuse, and smoking in pregnancy. Epilepsy is the most frequent chronic neurologic condition in children. Studies have suggested declining incidence rates of childhood epilepsy in high-income countries during the last decades. Objective: To describe the clinical features and social findings of epilepsy in children, and to evaluate some risk factors associated with control of epilepsy. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric department of Albatool teaching hospital in Diyala province, Iraq. A total of 100 children were included in the study from February 2020 to May 2020. All children diagnosed with epilepsy in this study. Results: One hundred children with epilepsy, their mean age was 5.96± 3.33 years (range 1-14 years). Of the 48(48%) children were male and 52(52%). Of the total patients, 79% were free from seizure on AED, 21% of them were refractory to treatment.Patients without developmental delay (88.7%, p=0.012) can be controlled by AED. Patients who had idiopathic seizures (87.5%, p=0.04) can be controlled by AED. Patients who had seizure attacks can be controlled by AED more than patients who had weekly or monthly seizure attacks (97.4%) (p<0.001). Patients who had been treated by monotherapy (94.7%, p=0.012) can be controlled more than patients who were treated by multidrug therapy. Affected social interaction and need more supervision were factors that detected more in patients with refractory epilepsy, p=0.04, 0.01 respectively. While there was no association between frightened other people and epilepsy control. Conclusion: Most of the patients are characterized by: treatment approach monotherapy, less affected by social interaction and need less supervision. Patients with refractory epilepsy had opposite factors. Keywords: Epilepsy, Albatool teaching hospital.
Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis Disease (Review Article)
Authors:   Ministry of Education, Rusafa-1, Baghdad, Iraq, Mohammed Kadhim Sura , Mohsin Abbood Sura , Mohammed Taay Yasser , Taha Mohammed Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which the myelin sheaths got injured. The prevalence of MS is on grow, as well as, it affects the young ages. Females are most common to have MS compared to males. Oxidative stress is the situation of imbalance between oxidants (free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and antioxidants in a living system, in which either the oxidants are elevated or antioxidants are reduced, or sometimes both. ROS and oxidative stress have been implicated in the progression of many degenerative diseases, which is important in cracking the unrevealed mysteries of MS. In this review article, some of the proposed mechanisms that link oxidative stress with MS disease would be described. Keywords: Oxidative stress, ROS, multiple sclerosis, antioxidants
The Incidence of Dysarrhythmias, Their Types and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID -19
Authors:   College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, Kamil Faeq Abdulsatar
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 infection started in China and became a pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus mainly affects the respiratory system but can insult the cardiovascular system as well, higher rate of cardiac arrhythmias noted during the pandemic, and many studies showed that COVID-19 (especially hospitalized patients) can develop different types of arrhythmias which cause higher mortality rate. Objective: To assess the incidence of dysrhythmias and their types and outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Erbil city. Patients and Methods: Patients with documented COVID-19 infection admitted in Erbil Teaching Hospital respiratory care unit and coronary care unit from 1-8-2020 to 30-10-2020 had been included (255 patients) in this cross-sectional study, demographic data, and outcomes were reported, the ECG analyzed by cardiologists and the type of arrhythmia documented. Results: Mean age was 47±12 years, 61% of the patients were male, 25% of them had previous cardiac diseases, 20% diabetes, 16% multiple comorbidities, 8% hypertension, 8% obesity and 23% had no comorbidities, 20.7% of in-hospital patients developed dysrhythmias, 5.9% of them developed sinus tachycardia, 4.7% atrial fibrillation, 3.9% ventricular premature contractions, 2% ventricular fibrillation, 1.9% ventricular tachycardia and 1.9% heart blocks. Most of the patients who developed ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, and heart block had previous comorbidities 82%, 62%, and 80% respectively. Arrhythmias caused a higher in-hospital mortality rate (39.6% versus 21.7%) especially among male patients (mortality rate in male patients 43% compared with female patients 33%). Conclusion: Most of the admitted cases were male. Most of them had comorbidities especially previous cardiac diseases. Sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular extra-systoles were the most frequent arrhythmias. The mortality rate was increased by arrhythmias mainly in male patients. Keywords: COVID-19, Dysrhythmias, Outcomes, Pandemic
Infleunce of Body Mass Index (BMI) on Outcome of Colon Cancer in Relationships with Other Clinicopathological Factors
Authors:   Consultant oncologist,Baghdad Medical City, Oncology Teaching Hospital, Iraq, A  Mubarak Ahmad , H  Mustaf Alaa
Published: December 2021

Background: Colon cancer is the third most common cancer. High (BMI) contributes hazardously for several types of malignancies including colon cancer while the effect of BMI as a prognostic factor is poorly defined. Objective: Demonstrating the influence of increasing (BMI) on colon cancer recurrence. Patients and Methods: Case-control study involved a sample of 312 patients and 131 patients were excluded from this study and only 181 patients of colon cancer are included in the study with stage 2 and 3 who did underwent a surgical operation and received adjuvant chemotherapy recruited from an oncology teaching hospital, Al Jawad oncology center (Alkadhemiya hospital) and Babylon Oncology center. Results: The study involved 181 patients of colon cancer patients with mean age of 56.25 ±11.74years the highest proportion of study patients (90.6%) were aged more than 40yrs with a male to female ratio (1.2:1). Overweight patients constituted 39.2% and obese 23.8% and normal body weight 37%. In this study majority of tumors are ulcerating for about 72.5% and sigmoid and left side colon was the most common site of the tumor in about 53% with stage three is a most common type. Regarding recurrence, 54.1% of study patients have recurrence, and the majority of the 41.8% occurs between 1-3years after primary tumors diagnoses and treatment with a high prevalence of recurrence was seen in obese patients (74.4%) with a significant association between prevalence of recurrence and increasing BMI. In this study, 61.2% of patients with lymphovascular invasion have recurrences of malignancy with significant associations between recurrences and LVIe. Also more than 50% of patient older than 40years got recurrences with significant associations between recurrences with age of patients. In this study we take the effect of each clinicopathological feature on the outcome of colon cancer and then to excluded its effect by logistic regression to see the effect of only BMI on the outcome of colon cancer. Conclusion: Increase body mass index is associated with increase recurrence of colon cancer Keywords: Colon cancer recurrence, body mass index, Clinicopathological Factors
Multiple Fat- Containing Hepatic Hydatid Cysts: A Case Report in The X- Ray Institute at Medical City Health Directorate in Iraq
Authors:   Department of anatomy,Faculty of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Tariq Abdul-Wahaab Issam , A  Hadi Khaleel , Abdulameer Ghayad Haider
Published: December 2021

Background: Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis parasite which is still endemic in many countries all over the world especially in the developing countries. The liver is the primary site to be infested by the parasite with a rate of 60 – 75%. The right lobe of the liver gets infected in about 80% of cases. Hydatid disease of the liver is usually asymptomatic and most cases discovered accidentally on routine clinical or radiological examinations for other illness. Symptoms usually appear in complicated cases either due to rupture, secondary bacterial infection, or due to the large size of the cyst which might cause pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, discomfort, and sometimes swelling. In this case report, we reported the presence of fat globules within the hepatic hydatid cysts which is most probably due to rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts into the biliary tree. Keywords: Hepatic, hydatid cyst, fat globule and CT scan
The Importance of CT Pneumocolon in Detecting Colonic Lesions
Authors:   Radiologist in Khaneqeen Hospital, Diyala, Iraq, Zghair Haidar Al –Yassen Saadoon , Edan Dawood Mansour , Abdulkareem Salman Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Background: Colonic masses are clinically important because some of them are malignant and others have a tendency to become malignant such as polyps. CT pneumocolon may have a role in the evaluation and diagnosis of these masses. Objective: To determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) pmeumocolon in the detection of colonic masses compared with colonoscopy. Patients and Methods: A total of 60 patients with colorectal symptoms underwent evaluation for the presence of colorectal neoplasms by using both colonoscopy and CT pneumocolon and a comparison was made between them. Results: On colonoscopy, 10 out of 60 patients were having a negative colonoscopy. The results of colonoscopy of the other 50 patients were as follow; three out of fifty colonoscopies revealed invasive colorectal carcinomas in threse patients. The remaining 47 colonoscopies for 47 patients revealed benign polyps. The sizes of these polyps were as follows; (6 polyps were ˃1 cm in diameter), (17 polyps were 6-9 mm), and (24 polyps were ≤5 mm). CT pneumocolon detected all 3 malignant masses seen and biopsied by colonoscopy, but only (28 single polyps) which according to their size (4 polyps were ≥ 1cm), (11 polyps were 6-9 mm) and (13 polyps ≤5 mm), this gives CT pneumocolon a sensitivity of (63%), specificity of (70%) and accuracy (63%). Conclusion: CT pneumocolon has high sensitivity and specificity for a detection of large-sized masses, but not for small ones. CT pneumocolon may be suitable for investigating patients with symptomatic colorectal masses noninvasively. Keywords: Pneumocolon, colonoscopy, polyp, colonic carcinoma
Effect of Irregular Treatment on Severity of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Baquba Teaching Hospital, Diyala, Iraq, Abdulkareem Raoof Al-Shaibani Saif
Published: December 2021

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that is associated with progressive disability and systemic complications. One of these complications is osteoporosis. Patients with severe osteoporosis have one or more fragility fractures in addition to T-score -2.5 or lower. Osteoporosis is more prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis patients who have higher disease activity. Objective: To show the effect of irregular treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the severity of osteoporosis. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 40 female patients who had rheumatoid arthritis. The data collected from patients include disease duration, disease activity and patients’ compliance to their drugs. They were sent to dual-energy x- ray absorptiometry scan and results were recorded. Results: The mean age was 45.95 ± 10.0 years; 45% of them had rheumatoid arthritis for less than five years; 55% had a low level of disease activity; and 65% of them had received treatment irregularly. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 60% of them and 41.7% of them had severe osteoporosis. The highest prevalence of osteoporosis among patients with rheumatoid arthritis was seen significantly among older patients, patients with longer duration of rheumatoid arthritis, those with higher activity of rheumatoid arthritis, and those with irregular treatment. More than half of those who received treatment irregularly had severe osteoporosis with a significant association between treatment regularity of rheumatoid arthritis and severity of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Severe osteoporosis occurs in rheumatoid arthritis patients with a history of irregular treatment which occurs either due to patient incompliance or delay in diagnosis. Osteoporosis is more prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis patients with longer disease duration, older age, higher disease activity and those who received treatment irregularly. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis, Irregular Treatment
Features of the functioning of financial pyramids using digital assets (using the example of the Finico project): criminological analysis
Authors:   State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Grozin S. S. , Ostrovskikh ZH.V. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of the emergence and functioning of financial pyramids based on the use of digital assets, using the example of the «Finico» project. The main performance indicators are analyzed, as well as the reasons that influenced the success of this project, its scale and duration of existence are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the ways of organizing and carrying out illegal financial activities with signs of financial pyramids, and some measures are proposed to counter it. A short-term forecast of an increase in the number of crimes committed using information, telecommunications and digital technologies in this area is given.
The official name of the Russian state in the domestic norm-making practice of the second half of the XIXth century
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Ganusenko I. V.
Published: December 2021

Consideration in the scientific article The question of the relationship of the regulatory terminology used as the official name of the Russian state is due to the problem of the absence of a single scientific approach in determining its semantic content and is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of the name of the state “Russian Empire”. The features of the rulemaking practice on the official consolidation of the name of the state with the simultaneous use of regulatory terms “Russia”, “Russian Empire”, “Empire” and “Russian State”, having an equivalent semantic value in the name of the same state that operated in the specific historical period of its development. Allocated the generals patterns of the applied context of said terminology in regulatory legal acts of various sectoral affiliation. It was concluded that there is no synonymous properties and the difference in the context of the contents of the second half of the XIX century the terms “Russia” and “Russian Empire”, which are used by the domestic legislator, which is used depending on the type and subject of regulated public relations.
On the problem of establishing a condition for compensation for damage and making amends for damage when a criminal case (criminal prosecution) is terminated in connection with the appointment of a criminal law measure in the form of a court fine
Authors:   Judicial District No. 1 of the Berezovsky City Judicial District, Fatyanov I.V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the ambiguity in the interpretation of article 76.2 of the Criminal code and article 25.1 of the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation to establish terms of compensation for the damage and (or) smoothing caused by the crime harm. The author substantiates the argument about the fallacy of considering this condition only formally, the author focuses on the mandatory establishment in this case of the characteristics of the identity of the guilty person and the measure of public danger of the committed act. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the approach proposed by the author to the study of the problem of establishing such a condition. In particular, the author considers it essential to solve such a problem to study the legal nature of compensation for damage and compensation for damage when a criminal case (criminal prosecution) is terminated on this basis. The author defines the specifics, identifies the main purposes of such a legal phenomenon in the context of a legal problem. The article concludes that if the preliminary investigation body and (or) the court (justice of the peace) the lack of property harmful consequences from the crime, the failure to make reparation is not to be considered as an obstacle to the termination of criminal proceedings on the grounds provided by article 25.1 of the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation, article 76.2 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. As a conclusion, the scientific work has prepared a specific text of the interpretation of the condition in the relevant explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which will exclude ambiguity on this issue from the law enforcement officer.
The problem of defining the concept of “indigenous peoples” in international and domestic law
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Nikitin F.I.
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the problem of defining the concept of «indigenous people» in international and domestic (local) law. It is found that the current practice of defining them still retains some difficulties due to the lack of a clear, unified and formally fixed definition of these peoples at universal legal level. Particular attention is given to the study of existing approaches to their definition used at domestic (local) level. A proposal is made that there is a necessity to rethink concept of defining «indigenous people». Authors in the research understand the recognition of these ethnic communities as autonomous subjects of international and domestic (local) law. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the current practice of defining indigenous peoples are highly variable greatly depending on the features of each state. At the same time, it still reveals a certain coherence based on historical and cultural assumptions.
Ethnological-legal and technical-legal aspects of intercultural communication in Russia of the Imperial period: the experience of theoretical and methodological structuring on the example of the formation of the institutions of lamaism among the Volga kalmyks of the second half of the 19th century. Part 1
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Arzumanov I. A.
Published: December 2021

Federation On the example of the formation of the institutions of Lamaism among the Volga Kalmyks II. floor. XIX century. the historical-legal and socio-cultural aspects of intercultural communication in Russia are considered. The methodological correlation of the processes of intercultural communication in the context of the polyphonic nature of the legal culture of the Russian Empire is analyzed. The universalism of the sociological (integral) discourse of jurisprudence determines not only the civilizational specifics of legal communications as one of the forms of intercultural communication, but also the methodological body of research based on the cultural-anthropological approach and ethnological-legal conditioning. The interdisciplinary nature of the study is due to the specificity of the ethno-confessional specifics of the processes under consideration and involves an appeal to theoretical and legal, state, socio-cultural, and religious discourses. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the primary sources of normative legal acts concerning the state and legal regulation of the ethno-confessional sphere among the Volga Kalmyks and in the Russian Empire as a whole in the first half of the 19th century, a comparative analysis of the processes of consolidating the institution of the majour in the Volga Kalmyks and Buryat clans of the East Siberian region is carried out. An example of cultural and legal communication between such subjects as the state and ethno-confessional communities are the results of the analysis of archival documents, for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, concerning the activities of the imperial administration in the sphere of systematizing the norms of customary law of the Volga Kalmyks and streamlining the processes of forming regional institutions of Lamaism. Some aspects of the socio-cultural determinants of the processes of increasing the number of Lamaist clergy among the Volga Kalmyks and the problems of its legal regulation are considered. Conclusions are made about the intercivilizational nature of legal communication, implicitly aimed at assimilating the customary legal system of Kalmyks in order to include them in the general system of legalizations of the empire.
A special meeting as an institution of emergency management of the russian empire during the First World war
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Sinichenko V. V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the issue of the effectiveness of the work of the Special meeting for combining measures to provide the active army with items of combat and material supplies, headed by the Minister of War. It is noted that the Special Meeting, which appeared on May 13, 1915, received extraordinary powers to carry out the economic mobilization of the entire national economy of the Russian Empire. These powers were legally formalized on August 17, 1915. From that moment in 1915, a Special meeting for the discussion and unification of measures for the defense of the state, for the provision of fuel for communication lines, state and public institutions and enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, for the food business and transportation of fuel and food and military cargo. This body, created in wartime conditions, was entrusted with extraordinary powers to manage state, public institutions and enterprises. The chairman of this meeting was the Minister of War, appointed directly by the emperor. It was he who could form commissions and subcommissions that dealt with both the procurement of weapons, equipment and equipment abroad, and directly with the implementation of a general domestic economic policy in the state for the development of certain branches of industrial and agricultural production. However, as the materials show, the transfer of management functions to the state apparatus and the entire mobilized economy of the country into the hands of the military department led to distortions in the development of the country’s national economy. Primary attention was paid to industrial enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, while the organization of food supply and transport support in the Russian Empire, despite the initiatives of the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, which had a representative in a Special Meeting, did not found due support and attention from the Chairperson of the Special Meeting.
The forest department as a state-legal institution of the Russian Empire: formation and development
Authors:   East Siberian Institute Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Chernykh V. V.
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the formation and improvement of Russian forest management during the XVIII–XIX centuries. The birth, functioning and main stages of the state legal institute of the Russian Empire-the Forest Department. The contribution of the leaders of the empire to the improvement of forest legislation, the development and improvement of forest state policy is noted, the activities for the conservation, protection and restoration of forests of the Russian Empire are considered. The main legislative initiatives and changes in the forest industry, improvement in the management structure of the Forest Department are monitored. The imperial decrees and resolutions of a forest nature, on the creation of a forest management system, the organization of the forest guard, the recruitment of the forest department are considered, the emperor’s desire to ensure the integrity of forests is emphasized. The main stages of the forest department’s activity are analyzed, highlighting special achievements in the field of forest legislation and state measures for the implementation of forest management and forest protection works
The problems of distinguishing administrative offenses and crimes relevant to the high-alert regime
Authors:   East-Siberian Branch of Russian State University of Justice, Romanova N. L. , Dashieva A. D. ,   East-Siberian Branch of Russian State University of Justice
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the current issues of regulating administrative responsibility for offenses related to the global challenge of our time: the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors investigate the problems of administrative offenses qualification. In particular, the article describes the problem of distinguishing between offenses and crimes that are similar in their objective aspect, based on possible errors of legislative regulation. The existing practice of applying the analyzed articles of legislation has been studied. Difficulties and ambiguities in the qualification of offenses have been noted. In practice, solutions to the problems of qualification are noted in distinguishing between administrative offenses as well as delimiting offenses from crimes. Distinguishing of that kind is important due to blurred borders in concepts of socially dangerous acts and offenses, based not on the interpretation of the dispositions of norms content, but on the amount of sanctions or signs of the subject. It is concluded that it is necessary to apply a systemic approach in law when securing norms that are similar in their objective aspect in related branches of law. In this regard, recommendations are given for optimizing legal regulation in this area.
These insights into the pension law trends peculiar to the USSR and Russian federation: analysis of the results achieved
Authors:   Baikalsky State University, Bondareva E.S.
Published: December 2021

Pension law trends peculiar to the USSR and Russian Federation, their fundamental influence upon the ultimate results of pension provision as to the citizens of the USSR and the ones of post-Soviet Russia are the concern of the present study. A brief review of Soviet pension law is provided herein, key elements of legal regulation of pension entitlement during Soviet period are analyzed along with the results achieved both in the USSR and Russian Federation as to the old-age insurance. The information about scales of pensions at the periods of time listed above – their minimum, medium and maximum values – is represented therewith; the purchasing power of Soviet and Russian pensions is compared, figures concerning coefficient of substitution of lost wage with pensions are dealt with. It is pointed out that the unified public pension system of the USSR has been a beneficial experience along with the establishment of proper social standards in the domain of pension provision, opportune getting the pension law development priorities right, approach and coherent rise in the standard of living of pensioners. The results of legislative work through the 90s of the 20-th century in the domain of pension provision in Russia are also summing up herein, correlation of reformative decisions made during the last decades and their consequences for the Russian pensioners are considered. Relying on the analysis above the following conclusions can be reached: pension provision reforming in Russia nowadays has not brought to rise in the standard of living of most pensioners. Moreover the level of pension provision in Russia has become lower than the one in the USSR. By this means it is concluded that fundamental reforming of pension provision setup in Russian Federation is extremely necessary and thereafter some ways of its improvement are suggested.
Countering the sale of narcotic drugs by criminal legal measures
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Averinskaya S.A. , Zagainov V.V. ,   Irkutsk Institute (branch) of All-Russian state University of justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Radchenko O.V. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2021

The analysis of separate legal and criminological aspects of crimes in the sphere of illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues in the territory of the Irkutsk region is proposed. The concept of sales, fixed in the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Russia, is analyzed. It is established that the geographical location of the Irkutsk region affects the structure and dynamics of crimes committed. The types of prohibited items (drugs) that are most common in the region, the territory of their growth and supply are determined. The level of anesthesia of the population is analyzed, its dynamics from 2016 to 2020 is studied. It has been revealed that significant difficulties in solving crimes in the field of drug trafficking are occupied by methods of its contactless distribution, the formation of caches, bookmarks, etc. additional difficulties arise when using uncontrolled messengers and software that allow access to sites blocked by Roskomnadzor.
Crimes against justice in the soviet criminal law
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Georgievskiy E.V. , Kravtsov R.V. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the Soviet criminal laws containing criminal attacks against justice. Starting with the Decrees of the Council of People’s Commissars and ending with criminal codes, the Soviet legislator is trying to create a system of crimes that violate the interests of justice. The doctrinal views of scientists on the essence and types of various criminal manifestations that encroach on the foundations of judicial and public power in the Soviet state are presented. The research methodology was made up of specific historical and comparative (comparative legal) approaches to the legal nature of the institution of crimes against justice. The basis for the formation of conclusions is a general inductive method, which allows from private (casuistic) legislative fragments to come closer to the general principles of legislative registration of the protection of the interests of justice. In the course of the study, a number of theoretical propositions were identified and systematized. Particular attention is paid to the 1960 Criminal Code of the RSFSR, in which, for the first time in the history of Russian criminal legislation, all crimes against justice were collected together in one chapter and systematized. The authors suggested that a kind of “inertia of legislation” in the issue of legislative regulation of crimes against justice in the first years of Soviet power is explained by the general approach to judicial and public power as a faceless part of the mechanism of state administration. And only over the years does a fundamentally different approach to the protection of public relations in the sphere of justice begin to take shape.
Microbial Factor, Its Role in the Development and Course of Chronic Periodontitis, Current Research Direction (Literature Review)
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Oral Surgery Department. 9-1, Kosmonavtov St., Minsk 220116, Republic of Belarus, Pohodenko-Chudakova I. O.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze the available data about the role of the microbial factor in the development and course of chronic periodontitis at the present stage on the basis of available domestic and foreign specialized literature, to identify unsolved problems and outline directions for further research. Materials and methods. The special literature is analyzed: periodicals for the last 10 years, basic manuals and monographs. We used descriptive method. Results and discussion. A large number of works are devoted to the analysis of the composition and properties of bacterial biofilm of the oral cavity using microscopic, bacteriological and molecular research methods used to assess microbial risk factors for periodontal diseases. At the same time, satisfactory results of conservative treatment of this pathology vary from 61.1% to 93.9%. The situation is aggravated by the fact that apical periodontitis, cystogranulomas and radicular cysts in 65.0% are the cause of severe complications that threaten death. Even outside of exacerbation, the presence of foci of focal infection is accompanied by sensitization of the patient's body and contribute to its generalization. The accumulated experience of research on the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases over the past decades indicates that the leading role in the formation and development of the inflammatory process of this localization belongs to obligate-anaerobic and microaerophilic facultative-anaerobic microflora. Despite a significant number of studies devoted to this issue, the problem of the effectiveness of endodontic treatment nowadays is far from its final solution, which convinces of the relevance of the research undertaken and its expediency. Conclusion. The results of the analysis of special literature allow us to conclude that the development of new rational complex methods of treatment based on an in-depth analysis of morphological, microbiological, immunological, biochemical, clinical and somatic components is based not only on the need to create effective methods of treatment of chronic periodontitis and the justification of their differentiated use, but also on the need for preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of severe complications of acute odontogenic infection and its generalization. The development of new effective and rational methods for the treatment of chronic periodontitis based on their differentiated use will reduce the number of cases of acute odontogenic infection and its severe complications, which will positively affect the quality of life of patients, increase the rates of specialized medical care and will have a certain socio-economic significance