bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doped Professionals and Clean Amateurs: Amateurism’s Influence on the Modern Philosophy of Anti-Doping
Authors: Gleaves John
Published: December 2022

In the wake of Knud Enemark Jensen’s drug-related death in 1960, the sporting world expressed shock that an amateur athlete would dope. For many, such an action directly contradicted amateur ideals. Yet historians heretofore have yet to examine the intellectual development of such anti-doping ideology. Following is an intellectual history of the early development of anti-doping, an ideology that emerged bound to the gospel of amateurism. Indeed, amateurism provided the intellectual soil in which anti-doping attitudes germinated. As the search for performance-enhancing substances increased near the end of the nineteenth century, many amateur athletes showed no moral qualms with doping. Over time, however, advocates of amateurism—consisting of various segments of middle- and upper-class society—used anti-doping to reaffirm middle-class values and marginalize the accomplishments of working-class professional athletes. Through amateurism, individuals and sporting communities turned doping from a tacitly tolerated practice to one that contradicted the spirit of sport and constituted a serious threat to sport’s moral integrity.
Enduring Heroes: Hillary, Bannister, and the Epic Challenges of Human Exploration
Authors: Walton Theresa , Birrell Susan
Published: December 2022

On May 29, 1953 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay crested Mount Everest’s 29,035 peak, becoming the first men to do so. Nearly a year later, Englishman Roger Bannister ran the first sub-four-minute mile (May 6, 1954). In this paper we explore the intertextuality of the public discourses of Hillary and Bannister, focusing on the themes highlighted by the media to give their accomplishments particular cultural meanings within contemporary accounts. In their stories, both individually and in conversation with one another, can be seen the tensions, contradictions, and cultural work that heroic feats accomplish on behalf of nationalistic impulses. Everest and the four-minute mile are actually two of a triad of potent texts—the coronation of Elizabeth II on June 2, 1953, is the third—that are linked together intertextually through synchronicity, media narratives, and cultural imperatives. This confluence of events helped to define the culturally momentous impact of Hillary’s and Bannister’s accomplishments.
Autoethnography: Forging a New Direction in Feminist Sport History
Authors: McParland Shellie
Published: December 2022

This research note describes the opportunities that autoethnography presents for feminist sport history research. A combination of self, culture, and the investigative research process, autoethnography has been successfully implemented in sociological research but has yet to be widely accepted in the realm of sport history. Using lived experience and personal voice(s), autoethnographers examine social structures and sub-cultures through short stories, novels, poetic representation, fiction, and a variety of other literary forms. By linking the past to the present, autoethnography has the potential to reveal how gender inequalities from the past continue to influence the embodied experiences of female athletes today. Blurring the lines between researcher and subject, we can discover what knowledge lies dormant within our sporting bodies through which we actively experience sport. Writing from inside one’s physical self challenges traditional history practices and creates an opening towards discovery.
History, Culture, Surfing: Exploring Historiographical Relationships
Authors: Booth Douglas
Published: December 2022

In this three-part article I examine the relationship between sport and popular culture through the concept of affect. In particular, I am interested in the historiographical implications of this relationship. In the first part, I argue that social historians of sport typically consider sporting bodies as social constructions to the exclusion of (embodied) affective experiences that I place at the core of popular culture. In the second part, I discuss the recent affective turn in the social sciences and humanities and what this is beginning to mean, and could mean in the future, for historians of sport with a social bent. In the third part, I touch on ethics, an implicit theme in the social history of sport. Popular culture presents alternative contexts for examining ethics and, for the historian, raises additional issues around narrative representation. Throughout the article I draw on examples from surfing—a popular pastime, an established sport with professional world tours, and an affective experience.
Elite Competitive Sport in the People’s Republic of China 1958-1966: The Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO)
Authors: Shuman Amanda
Published: December 2022

The Games of the New Emerging Forces, or GANEFO, held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1963 resembled the Olympics and offered the People’s Republic of China (PRC) its first opportunity to compete in a large-scale international sports competition. Historians often describe the late 1950s and early 1960s in China as preoccupied with domestic crises, political struggles, and increasing isolation in foreign relations. Only in 1971, so the story goes, with ping-pong diplomacy and Nixon’s visit, did the process of “opening” China to the rest of the world formally begin. During those pre-1971 years, however, early PRC leaders began to use international sports to carve out a new position in the world for China. The GANEFO, as a huge media spectacle that projected images worldwide of successful Chinese athletes, highlights the culmination of that project and shows that China’s recent Olympic achievement is built on the foundation of these Mao-era developments in sport.

At 5:20 p.m. Sukarno tucked his swagger stick under his arm and said, “The first Games of the New Emerging Forces are now open.” He said it three times, first in Indonesian, then in English and French. Doves flew, balloons and banners floated, flags fluttered, cannon boomed, trumpets played, Mexicans danced, Chinese giants marched, Russian Cossacks stomped, Korean girls screamed and waved colored handkerchiefs and a banner was hoisted bearing the slogan of the occasion, “Onward! No Retreat.” Thereupon 1,300 primary students rushed out on the field and went through gymnastic exercises that spelled out WELCOME, and recited: “We are dancing to enhance the sports festival of the new emerging forces. We have won. Undoubtedly we will win. We will get the star of victory.”
The Loneliness of Learning to Labor
Authors: Birrell Susan
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a case for reading sport films like The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1961) within an intertextual framework. To that end, Tony Richardson’s classic film is read alongside Paul Willis’ equally classic cultural studies text Learning to Labor (1977). Both reflect critical responses to a particular historical and cultural moment in post-World War II Great Britain. For deeper insight into the character of Colin Smith, these texts are also read next to the Alan Sillitoe (1959) novella on which the film is based. The compelling focus of each is on acts of resistance, yet in the end, each recounts an ironic tale of the reproductive power of rebellion. Taken together they explore in different ways the troubling suggestion that, satisfying as these acts might be, they can operate as a form of entrapment.
Knowing Sports: The Logic of the Contemporary Sports Documentary
Authors: Malitsky Joshua
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes the mutually supportive confluence of sports and documentary by explaining how this dynamic informs assertions contemporary documentary makes about sport. Focusing on ESPN’s 30 for 30 series, it identifies five such claims: that it is imbricated with capital, that it is visually spectacular, that it celebrates individual expression, that it is always already narrativized, and that thinking about sport always entails thinking about and through media. The article concludes by developing in detail the final claim—that sports in the contemporary age, articulated through documentary film and video, always entails thinking about media itself—noting how this creates a logic whereby trying to “know sports” without the guidance of ESPN becomes an impossibility.
The Public Sportscaster: Docudrama, National Memory, and Sport History
Authors: Field Russell
Published: December 2022

Due in large measure to its iconic Hockey Night in Canada telecasts, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is known nationally for its interest in sport. The network has also sponsored its own sport-themed dramatic and documentary productions. Examining filmic representations of the history of hockey, this paper considers the 2006 CBC docudramatic production Canada Russia ’72. This paper explores the use of the docudrama form for telling historical sport stories while examining the role of Canada’s public broadcaster in producing sport films and promulgating national mythologiess.
Americans, Malibus, Torpedo Buoys, and Australian Beach Culture
Authors: Jaggard Ed
Published: December 2022

When the Surf Life Saving Association of Australia (SLSAA) invited American and Hawaiian lifeguards to compete at an international surf lifesaving carnival at Torquay, Victoria, in November of 1956, it did not foresee the far-reaching consequences of the tour. Noting that historians of the beach, and surfing in particular, frequently refer to the epochal significance of 1956, the paper utilizes predominantly surf lifesaving sources to explore the circumstances culminating in the month-long visit, discusses the appearance of Malibu boards, and then analyzes the consequences for Australian surf lifesaving in particular. The great irony of 1956 was that by welcoming the Americans and Hawaiians the SLSAA weakened its previous control over the beaches, as Australians found new ways to enjoy the surf.
Analysis of Investment Decision of High-tech Enterprises in China
Authors: Wang Jianwei
Published: December 2022

Since the reform and opening up, China's high-tech enterprises have been developing at an increasingly rapid pace and have now become an indispensable and important component of China's national economy. With the development of the current market economy, the capital market has been improved and scientific and technological innovation has rocketed upward. Beginning with high technology, knowledge and technology-intensive high-tech enterprises have been developing and gradually become the driving force and orientation of economic development. High-tech has also become an important symbol of the comprehensive economic strength and competitiveness of countries and regions. The banner of "developing high technology and realizing industrialization" provides policy support for the development of high-tech enterprises. At the same time, the development of knowledge economy and the improvement of capital market have strongly promoted the development of high-tech enterprises. In the current market competition, investment decision is the necessary prerequisite for the creation and accumulation of wealth to meet the sustainable development of enterprises; at the same time, investment decision is the source of maximizing enterprise value. For the development of a company, choosing the right small industry to finance is a very important thing. If the industry chosen or the newly developed company is not well managed resulting in serious economic losses, the investment will be accompanied by heavy losses for the investing company. From this point of view, the decision makers or the team of the company play a pivotal role in the development of the company. Not only for the future economic benefits of the company or for what kind of development path or whether the investment is reasonable have a particularly important role. This paper will take Xiaomi Technology Co., Ltd. as an example, focusing on the analysis of Xiaomi Technology's economic decision-making problems, through the analysis and solution of existing problems to promote the unification of the company's economic and social benefits, to achieve the purpose of improving the company's social competitiveness, and better in China's high-tech enterprises based.
Razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa de dos índices antropométricos en el diagnóstico de las situaciones nutricionales sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Franco Monsreal José , Meléndez–Balam Julissa Arisai , Serralta Peraza Lidia Esther del Socorro , Hernández Gómez José Ricardo
Published: December 2022

Objetivo. Determinar si dos índices antropométricos tienen o no eficiencia pronóstica suficiente o eficiencia pronóstica moderada combinando en una sola expresión la sensibilidad y la especificidad mediante las razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa. Material y Métodos. Enfoque epistemológico cuantitativo. Estudio epidemiológico observacional descriptivo sin direccionalidad y con temporalidad prospectiva. Se estudiaron 300 pacientes adultos de ambos géneros que acudieron al "Hospital Integral José María Morelos". Como prueba de referencia, estándar de oro o Gold Standard fue utilizada la Ecuación de la Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Resultados. Los resultados para las razones de verosimilitud positiva correspondieron a 13.4 y 1.6 para los índices antropométricos ICE y CA, respectivamente. Los resultados para las razones de verosimilitud negativa correspondieron, respectivamente, a 0.07 y 0.4 para los índices antropométricos ICE y CA. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el mejor índice antropométrico para el diagnóstico de las situaciones nutricionales patológicas sobrepeso y obesidad corresponde al Índice Cintura/Estatura, toda vez que los resultados de las razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa reportan eficiencias pronósticas suficientes. Por otro lado, los resultados de las razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa reportan, respectivamente, eficiencia pronóstica insignificante y eficiencia pronóstica escasa para la Circunferencia Abdominal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v14i3.625
Compliance nas relações de trabalho: mecanismo de prevenção e redução de condutas desvantajosas para a garantia dos direitos sociais
Authors: Vesoloski Simone Paula , Zambam Neuro José
Published: December 2022

O objetivo desta abordagem é fundamentar o compliance como estratégia de prevenção e redução das condutas que impedem as garantias dos direitos sociais. Entende-se que esta rotina beneficia o ambiente de trabalho nas empresas, contribui para o seu crescimento, fortalece a relação com a sociedade e a garantia dos direitos sociais dos colaboradores. O problema que orienta a pesquisa é: O compliance é uma ferramenta que fomenta boas práticas de gestão e organização empresarial e contribui para a garantia dos direitos sociais? A metodologia de análise é a indutiva por priorizar referências à legislação, doutrinas e fontes indiretas. Demonstra-se que a partir da efetivação do compliance é possível manter um ambiente saudável, minimizando riscos, maximizando a gestão estratégica, a lucratividade, a satisfação individual e do grupo, reduzindo o passivo trabalhista, garantindo direitos sociais e a longevidade do negócio.
Redução do IRPJ e da CSLL como instrumento de acesso à saúde
Authors: Montes Netto Carlos Eduardo , Vianna Alves Ferreira Olavo Augusto , Gonçalves Domingos João Henrique
Published: December 2022

O art. 15, § 1º, III, “a”, da Lei n. 9.249/95, nos termos da redação conferida pela Lei 11.727/2008, prevê a redução da base de cálculo do IRPJ e da CSLL para as sociedades que se dedicam à atividade médico-hospitalar, havendo questionamentos se apenas as sociedades empresárias, com registro na Junta Comercial, poderiam se valer dessa redução da carga tributária. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar se as sociedades simples médicas também podem desfrutar desse benefício fiscal, considerando a ausência de registro perante a Junta Comercial, nesse caso. Optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa exploratória com a utilização de revisão bibliográfica e da análise qualitativa dos dados a fim de se cumprir esse objetivo, o que possibilitou inferir, ao final, que o registro na Junta Comercial possui natureza meramente declaratória e o reconhecimento de que uma sociedade se organiza sob a forma de sociedade empresarial ou não deve ser fornecido empiricamente, inexistindo vedação para que as sociedades médicas em geral, ainda que constituídas sobre a forma de sociedade simples, recolham o Imposto sobre a Renda e a Contribuição Social sobre o Lucro tendo por base os percentuais reduzidos de 8% e 12%, respectivamente.
Fungsi Pemberdayaan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Gayo Lues dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Agusen Kecamatan Blangkejeren
Authors: Tunnaja Wan Safina , Mubarak Adil
Published: December 2022

Pemberdayaan masyarakat merupakan upaya dalam mensejahterakan masyarakat melalui dukungan dan fungsi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi pemerintah Kabupaten Gayo Lues dalam meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Agusen Kecamatan Blangkejeren dan untuk mengetahui kendala pemerintah dalam menjalankan fungsinya. Ada tiga fungsi pemerintah yaitu sebagai regulator, dinamisator, dan fasilitator, lalu kendala pemerintah dalam menjalankan fungsinya terbagi menjadi dua yaitu internal dan eksternal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi serta melalui tahapan penelitian yaitu dengan tahap reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan teknik triagulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat berupa kebijakan, pembinaan/pelatihan dan pendampingan, serta fasilitas dari pemerintah masih masih belum memadai dan belum merata. Kemudian untuk kendala pemerintah yaitu terbatasnya anggaran/dana, kualitas SDM yang masih rendah, serta kurangnya tenaga ahli. Kendala dari masyarakat adalah kurangnya minat wirausaha, lambatnya perkembangan teknologi, serta rendahnya tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan. Untuk itu seharusnya pemerintah agar lebih memperhatikan masyarakat dengan memberikan sosialisasi baik berupa pembinaan dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan semangat serta mendorong minat wirausaha guna untuk menambah pendapatan masyarakat.
Dominasi Kebanggan Merek Dalam Pilihan Keputusan Pembelian Produk IT (Informasi Teknologi)
Authors: Heriana Tutik , Sudyantara Smitha Catur , Santika Ilham Yuda
Published: December 2022

Konsumen atau masyarakat memiliki kecenderungan untuk menggunakan produk terutama IT lebih pada merek yang sudah terkenal. Ataupun merek yang sesuai dengan kesan pemakaian dan pengalaman pribadi yang dialami.  Selain itu juga mendapatkan referensi dari pengalaman orang lain karena menggunakan merek tertentu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode descriptive survey untuk menggambarkan perilaku variabel dan metode explanatory survey untuk menguji hipotesis. Tipe investigasi yang digunakan adalah kausalitas untuk hipotesis, yaitu tipe penelitian yang menyatakan adanya hubungan sebab akibat antara independent variable, dalam hal ini atribut produk dan citra merek terhadap keputusan pembelian. Unit analisis dari penelitian ini adalah individu yang artinya, para konsumen/ pembeli produk IT di outlet Matha Computer Hebat. Dilihat dari time horizon-nya, penelitian ini bersifat cross sactional, yaitu informasi dari sebagian populasi (sampel responden) dikumpulkan langsung di tempat kejadian secara empirik, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pendapat dari sebagian populasi terhadap objek yang sedang diteliti. Pada kenyataannya dominasi kebanggaan merek memiliki dampak yang kuat terhadap loyalitas masyarakat terhadap merek produk IT yaitu Lenovo pada laptop dan Epson untuk printer. Prioritas pembelian konsumen yang loyalitasnya tinggi adalah tidak terpengaruh oleh berbagai tawaran promosi dan harga merek lain tetapi berdasarkan pengalaman dan pengetahuan terhadap kualitas dan kehandalan merek yang dipilih.
Լոռեցի առակախոս Հոբոսը (ժամանակը, միջավայրը և բարքերը)
Authors: Հոբոսյան Սուրեն
Published: December 2022

Лори является родиной шуток баснописца Обоса (сокращенное от имени Ованес); с его именем связывают названия сел Шнох, Чочкани Обарци. В 1903 г. в Тбилиси этнограф Ерванд Лалаян опубликовал часть басен Обоса, написав в предисловии, что он из села Чочкан переселился в Шнох. На одном из кладбищ Шноха сохранилось надгробие Обоса, на восточной грани которого написано «Это могила Обоса», год смерти – 1874. В баснях упоминаются еще двое – Беро и Веран, а описываемые события, согласно топонимам, относятся к Шноху. Веран – один из известных храбрецов Лори, род которого известен под именем Верананк (Бекташян), исконным местом проживания которого является территория крепости Кайцон. Совокупность весьма ограниченных этнографических и фольклорных материалов и фрагментарных письменных источников об Обосе подтверждает, что его фактической родиной является Шнох. Lori is the homeland of the fabulist Hobos (abbreviated name for Hovhannes); the villages of Shnogh, Chochkan and Hobardzi are associated with his name. In 1903 in Tbilisi, ethnographer Yervand Lalayan published part of Hobos' fables, writing in the preface that he moved to Shnogh from Chochkan village. In one of the cemeteries of Shnogh, the tombstone of Hobos is preserved, on the eastern edge of which is written: “THIS IS GRAVE OF HOBOS”, the year of death - 1874. Two more people are mentioned in the fables – Bero and Veran, and the events described, according to the place names, refer to Shnogh. Veran was one of the famous and brave men of Lori, whose family was known as Veranank (Bektashyan), and whose original place of residence was the area of the fortress Kaytson. A totality of very limited ethnographic and folklore materials and fragmentary written sources about Hobos confirms that Shnogh is his actual birthplace.
Որոշ դիտարկումներ դեղաբույսերի և գրավոր աղբյուրներում դրանց հիշատակությունների շուրջ (ըստ Սյունիքի դաշտային-ազգագրական նյութերի)
Authors: Սարատիկյան Անի
Published: December 2022

Этноботанические исследования, проводимые в Сюникской области, дают ценную информацию о видах лекарственных растений, целях и способах их использования, а также о народных традициях в области природопользования. Имеются также данные о некоторых используемых в настоящее время лекарственных растениях (мята, бессмертник, крапива, дикий чеснок, тмин, подорожник, переступень и др.) в средневековых трудах, где обсуждаются и интерпретируются варианты и способы лечения ими различных заболеваний. Сравнение использования лекарственных растений в народной медицине Сюника с данными об их использовании, представленными в рукописях и других письменных источниках Матенадарана (№ 6267, № 7049) показывает глубину народных знаний, которые до сих пор сохраняются и передаются из поколения в поколение. Ethnobotanical studies carried out in the Syunik region provide valuable information on species of medicinal plants, purposes and methods of their use, as well as folk traditions in the field of exploitation of natural resources. There are also data on some of the currently used medicinal plants (mint, everlasting, nettle, wild garlic, caraway, plantain, bryony, etc.) in medieval works, where options and methods of treating various diseases with these medicinal plants are discussed and interpreted. The comparison of the use of herbs in folk medicine in Syunik with data on the use of the same herbs presented in manuscripts and other written works from Matenadaran (№ 6267, № 7049) shows the depth of folk knowledge that is still preserved and passed down from generation to generation.
Ակադեմիկոս Աշոտ Հովհաննիսյանի պատմագիտական գնահատականը հայ ժողովրդի ռուսական կողմնորոշման հարցերին
Authors: Հակոբյան Արարատ
Published: December 2022

Многолетнюю научно-исследовательскую деятельность заслуженного историка, выдающегося партийного и государственного деятеля, академика Ашота Иоаннисяна (1887–1972 гг.) можно разделить на два этапа: досоветский и советский. Одной из важных сфер его историoграфических исследований было освещение вековой освободительной борьбы армянского народа, что обобщено в его высокоценных монографиях. По понятным причинам в советской армянской историографии русской ориентации армянского народа давались преувеличенные оценки: судьбоносная, переломная, поворотная и т. п. С точки зрения исторической науки более взвешанными и обоснованными являются точка зрения и оценка А. Иоаннисяна, выдвинутые в его трудах досоветского периода, в частности, относительно вопросов формирования русской ориентации армянского народа, связанных с деятельностью Исраэля Ори (1659–1711 гг.). По его формулировке, о зарождении русской ориентации можно говорить начиная с 1720-х годов. В 1722 г., в условиях предпринятого Петром Великим Каспийского похода, в надежде освободить Армению с помощью России, произошла борьба Арцаха- Сюника против персидско-турецкой деспотии. Вместе с тем, следует констатировать, что опыт и уроки трехсотлетней истории русской ориентации армянского народа показывают, что эта ориентация не была однозначной, она несла за собой мгновения воодушевления, политические шатания, а также разочарования. Long-term scientific and research activity of the distinguished historian and preeminent party and government leader academician Ashot Ionnisyan (1887- 1972), can be divided into two stages: pre-Soviet and Soviet. One of the important areas of his historical and scientific researches was the coverage of centuries old liberation struggle of the Armenian people that is summarized in his valuable monographs. For obvious reasons, the Soviet Armenian historiography gave an exaggerated assessment to the Russian orientation of the Armenian people, such as fateful, critical, turning point, etc. From the point of view of historical science, A. Ioannisyan's opinion and assessment put forward in his works of the pre-Soviet period appear to be more balanced and reasonable, particularly, on the issues of the Russian orientation of the Armenian people in connecttion with the activities of Israel Ori (1659-1711). On his formulation, the origin of the Russian orientation dates back to the beginning of the 1720s. In 1722, during the Caspian campaign undertaken by Peter the Great, in the hope to liberate Armenia with the help of Russia, Artsakh and Syunik started their struggle against the Persian-Turkish tyranny. At the same time, it should be stated that experience and lessons of the three hundred year history of the Russian orientation of the Armenian people suggests that this orientation was not unambiguous; it carried moments of inspiration, political wobbles as well as disappointments.
Design and Implementation of a Lightweight and Fast Tiny Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm
Authors: Abdalrazzaq Alaa , Alabady Salah
Published: December 2022

Cryptographic algorithms are gaining importance due to their relevance and importance in the areas of privacy and security experienced by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. They improve data privacy and confidentiality by limiting who can decrypt the data to the person who has the key. Advanced encryption standard (AES) is one of the most important encryption algorithms in use. This algorithm uses 10 rounds for each encryption and decryption process and encrypts data starting with 16 bytes, which increases the time needed for encryption and decryption. In order to speed up encryption and decryption while maintaining security levels more than or equal to those offered by the AES algorithm, this paper proposes an algorithm called tiny advanced encryption standard (TAES) with two different scenarios. As the encryption process starts with 4 bytes and goes up to an unlimited number of bytes, TAES features are less complex and more flexible than those of AES and can be quickly implemented, and are characterized by high encryption of images, texts, and sounds. The proposed TAES algorithm is tested on text and images using the MATLAB software. The result is completely distorted images and text. The test results also unveil that the encryption and decryption speeds as well as the throughput of the proposed TAES is much better than those of the original AES algorithm. Moreover, a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values are obtained, indicating a greater degree of image distortion as a consequence of utilizing the proposed TAES algorithm.
How do different types of physical activity affect echocardiography findings and heart rate variability in children?
Authors: Guldagi Ahmet , Pektas Ayhan , Celegen Mehmet , Pektas Mehmet
Published: December 2022

This study aims to investigate how different types of regular physical activity affect cardiac functions in school children. This is a cross-sectional review of 15 children who are not engaged with any regular physical activity (controls) and 60 athletes who swim (n=15), play basketball (n=15), play volleyball (n=15), and play tennis (n=15) regularly. The children who are not engaged with any sports, the children who swim, and the children who play basketball, volleyball and tennis are statistically similar with respect to age, sex, height, weight and body mass index (p>0.05 for all). When compared to the controls and other athletes, the swimmer children have significantly higher left ventricle diastolic mass, higher left ventricle posterior wall systolic thickness, lower mitral A wave, higher mitral annular plane systolic excursion and higher mitral E/A ratio (p=0.006, p=0.035, p=0.030, p=0.025 and p=0.043 respectively). The swimmer children have significantly lower interventricular septum E and A waves and significantly longer left ventricle IVRT than the controls and other athletes (p=0.001, p=0.040 and p=0.004 respectively). When compared with the controls and other athletes, the swimmer children have significantly lower p-wave dispersion and QT dispersion values (p=0.038 and p=0.035 respectively). The swimmer children have significantly higher total power and SDNN values than the controls and other athletes (p=0.046 and p=0.026 respectively). Swimming might contribute to the growth of cardiac muscles and help to improve the cardiac conduction system and enhance parasympathetic innervation of the heart in children.
Dental treatments of disabled citizens who consulted oral and dental health clinics during COVID-19 pandemic and ethical dilemmas experienced
Authors: Celik Sumeyye , Karatas Mehmet
Published: December 2022

This study has been planned to show disabled peoples problems in getting oral and dental health services and their ethical dilemmas they experienced after the first Covid-19 case announced on 11 March 2020 in Turkey and World Health Organisation declared this epidemic as pandemic. Study datas were obtained from a public oral and dental health center in Malatya, Turkey with ethics committee approval and institution permit. When the datas have been analyzed, it has been seen that disabled citizens couldn’t get oral and dental health treatments and general anesthesia due to Covid-19 pandemic in 2021. It can be said that Covid-19 pandemic is a problematic period for disabled individuals for their oral and dental health services.
Awareness levels of teachers of child negligence and abuse: Rural area example
Authors: Parlak Mehmet , Ozbey Mehmet
Published: December 2022

It was aimed to determine the frequency of teachers' encounters with child neglect and abuse and their views on this subject in this study. It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Three hundred eighty-eight teachers working in 40 primary schools and 18 high schools were selected with the cluster sampling method. Data was collected through a survey. The Chi-Square tests were applied. 21.6% of the research group reported that they encountered cases of neglect and 46.1% reported cases of abuse. 41.8% of the research group stated that they did not receive child neglect and abuse training. While 26.2% of them find themselves sufficient in diagnosing cases of neglect and abuse, 73.8% find themselves partially sufficient or insufficient. A significant relationship was found between self-efficacy in diagnosing cases according to gender, the number of years of work, receiving education about neglect and abuse, type of abuse, and reporting. While the rate of women who consider reporting suspected child neglect or abuse mandatory is significantly higher than men, the rate of those who find themselves sufficient in diagnosing child neglect or abuse is significantly higher in males. Among the abuse types, the rate of teachers who are faced with the suspicion of sexual abuse in diagnosing the case is significantly higher than the other types of abuse. The rate of teachers receiving training on cases of neglect and abuse and finding themselves competent in this regard is low. Men, those who have worked for 16-20 years, and teachers who have been trained in this subject find themselves more competent in diagnosing child neglect or abuse. Diagnosis the sexual abuse is higher than the other types. Regardless of the incident, the most important factor for teachers to find themselves competent is acquiring knowledge through pre-service or in-service training.
Lower back pain in patients applying to family health center
Authors: Gozukara Mehmet , Gozukara Melih , Turan Suna
Published: December 2022

Lower back pain is a musculoskeletal system problem with a high prevalence, causing disability and adversely affecting the domestic economy. To decrease the prevalence and morbidity of lower back pain, individual, psycho-social, and vocational risk factors should be identified properly. Our research aims to assess the lower back prevalence in primary healthcare services, risk factors, and knowledge and behaviors to prevent lower back pain. Our research is a cross-sectional study that uses face-to-face surveys with individuals who visited the family healthcare centers in Mersin for any reason and consented to participate in our study. The average age of 217 patients is (18-80). 54.4% of the participants are female, while 45.6% of them are male. 83.8% stated that they have experienced lower back pain at least once in their lifetime and 76.3% of these participants reported that they have had lower back pain in the last year. 41.9% of the participants defined themselves as happy, whereas those who had lifelong lower back pain were more likely to define themselves as unhappy/neither happy nor unhappy (p:0.013). Lifelong low back pain was found to be significantly higher in those who did not exercise (p:0.014). It is found that it is higher for those who have advanced age, do not consider themselves happy, do not exercise, and cannot receive support from their supervisors. In-service training should be provided.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and associated factors in intern doctors at a state university in western black sea, Turkey: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sargin Zeynep , Ceylan Guray
Published: December 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional digestive disorder that affects medical students at a higher rate than the general population. Intern doctors are the most affected class by IBS among medical students. Determining the prevalence of IBS and associated risk factors is essential for taking preventive measures. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of IBS among intern doctors in this study. This study was conducted using an online survey for intern doctors in the 2021-2022 academic year. Rome IV criteria were utilized for IBS diagnosis. Anxiety and depression scores were calculated according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The prevalence of IBS in the 249 participants was 31.7% included in this study. 32.1% of all participants had depression, 44.2% had anxiety, 65.1% had sleep disorders, 73.1% had MSE (medical specialty exam) anxiety, and 96% were concerned about carrying out the medical profession after graduating from university. Female gender (p<0.001), using regular medication (p=0.019), not exercising regularly (p=0.002), sleep disturbance (p<0.001), food hypersensitivity (p=0.001), having a history of severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE) before IBS symptoms started (p<0.001), IBS in first-degree relatives (p<0.001), be low income (p<0.001), having a divorced parent (p=0.008), not having siblings (p=0.002), severe emotional stress history in the last six months (p=0.004), having depression (p<0.001), having anxiety (p<0.001), and MSE anxiety (p<0.001) identified as risk factors associated with IBS. The multivariant analysis determined independent risk factors affecting the prevalence of IBS in intern doctors as female gender, depression, anxiety, and severe AGE history before IBS symptoms started. In this study, it was determined that approximately one-third of the interns were diagnosed with IBS. Stress management training can be considered to screen this group for IBS and psychological problems and to help them cope with these stressors.
Doctor perspectives on research ethics during the Covid-19 pandemic and anxiety levels
Authors: Yildirim Arzu , Yalcin Onur , Gul Tuba , Aygun Ali , Teke Hacer , Timur Hakan , Cetinkol Yeliz
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the need to review our requirements for true guidance and reliability from science and individual, professional, and public health ethics. The aim of this study was to determine the ethical and scientific perspectives of doctors about performing research during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess anxiety levels about this topic within the framework of the literature. Doctors completed a ‘preliminary survey form’ containing questions determining sociodemographic data and statements about research and ethics during the pandemic and the ‘state and trait anxiety inventories’ in the internet environment. In our study, the alpha value was 0.90 for the state anxiety inventory and 0.70 for the trait anxiety inventory. Of the 398 doctors participating in the study, 45.2% were women and 54.8% were men. Among doctors, 89.7% stated they read articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The group of doctors who fully disagreed with the view that it was inappropriate to perform research during the pandemic due to the nature of the disease and transmission risks and who had read more articles than the other groups were found to have statistically significantly higher state anxiety inventory points. The COVID-19 pandemic led to many problems for scientific and ethical concepts. New concerns were added to existing ethical concerns and national and international ethics committees need to work to resolve these concerns.
Epidemiologic evaluation of torus fractures of radius in Turkey and comparison of different immobilization modalities
Authors: Gorgun Baris , Tok Okan
Published: December 2022

Torus fracture of the distal radius is one of the most common pediatric fractures. Though inherently stable, the literature lacks data about the complications or refracture rates after these fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of torus fractures of the distal radius in Turkey and to compare rigid and non-rigid immobilization modalities. 598 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Medical data such as age, gender, mechanism of the injury, duration and type of treatment were collected as well as the complications during this period. “The Faces Pain Scale – Revised” (FPSR) was used for the assessment of pain before and after the treatment. The mean age was 7.1± 3.6 and the median follow-up was 12 (9-15) months. 181 patients were treated with plaster of paris, 149 with soft casts, 80 with hard casts and 188 with splints. The mean duration of the immobilization was 22.6±5.39 days. FPSR scores before and after the treatment were 2.837(95%CI, 2.686-2.989) and 0.255 (95%CI, 0.186-0.324), respectively (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the immobilization modalities in terms of FPSR decline before and after the treatment (p=0.403). The overall complication rate was 7.4% among all patients (95% CI, 5.3%-9.5%). Complication rates for each stabilization modality were 13.3% for the plaster of paris, 6.7% for the soft cast, 10% for hard cast and 1.1% for the splint group. The complication rate in the patients treated with splints was statistically significantly lower in the splint group (p=0.001; p=0.033; p=0.002, respectively). The pain was the most common complication (47.8% of all complications). There were 2 refractures during the follow-up period. In conclusion, torus fractures are stable and do not require rigid immobilization. The refracture rate is below 1% and any increase in this rate should be further questioned in order to rule out a misdiagnosis of “green-stick” fracture.
Key Drivers in Using Low Damage Seismic Designs in Christchurch Buildings
Authors: Skidmore Juliet , Granello Gabriele , Palermo Alessandro
Published: December 2022

Following the extensive damage to Christchurch’s infrastructure in the 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a complete rebuild of the city centre has been undertaken, with a particular focus on seismic-resilient buildings. This paper explores the application of different seismic-resilient technologies to buildings in Christchurch, by interviewing the structural engineers responsible for the design of six case study structures. Focus is given to the structural performance and benefits of each technology, and the key factors driving the clients’ and engineers’ decision to use the system. Comparisons are then made between resilient technologies, looking at the relative construction times and cost, areas of difficulty in design and construction, and the expected performance. Assessments are made of the knowledgeability of stakeholders, including clients and engineers, in resilient design, and the aspects that need to be addressed in the ongoing research and development of new and existing resilient technologies.
Results show that the main factors identified driving clients’ and engineers’ decisions to use a seismic-resilient design were the structural performance, ease of construction and publicity. Key issues that need to be addressed during the development of new resilient systems are the durability, constructability and cost of a design, in addition to the production of design and construction aids, to both support engineers and contractors in the process, and encourage them to undertake a seismic-resilient design. Ideas are presented for increasing client and public awareness of different resilient systems available so that the demand and commission for seismic-resilient buildings in the city may increase.
YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM GENÇLİĞİNİN LİDERLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ALGILARININ ARAŞTIRILMASINA YÖNELİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: KILIÇ ÖZKAYNAR Gülnaz
Published: December 2022

Ülkelerin geleceğini şekillendiren gençlerin değişimin çok hızlı olduğu bu çağda sorumlulukları da artmaktadır. Kendi hayatlarını düzene koymak için çabalamaları gerektiği gibi mensubu oldukları toplumun beklentilerini karşılamak için de gayret göstermeleri gerekmektedir. Liderlik vasfını taşıyan gençlerin sorumlulukları da fazla olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yükseköğretim gençliğinin liderlik özellikleri hakkında algılarını ölçmektir. Araştırma kapsamında, üniversite öğrencilerine anket uygulaması yapılmış ve 566 anket verileri değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS25 programı ile yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde yükseköğretim gençliğinde liderlik özellik algısının cinsiyet, eğitim ve gelir düzeyi demografik verilerine göre bir farklılık göstermediği anlaşılmıştır. Diğer taraftan liderlik özellik algısının yaş, sınıf ve yaşadıkları bölgelere göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Dördüncü sınıf gençlerinin liderlik özellik algısının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 21 yaş ve üzeri gençlerde liderlik özellik algısının daha yüksek olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yükseköğretim gençlerinde liderlik özellik algısının yaşadıkları bölgelere göre analizi sonucunda Karadeniz Bölgesinden gelen öğrencilerde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Mücadele isteği ve hedef koyma, iletişim kurabilme, grup becerileri, güven duyma ve güvenilir olma, karar verme becerileri, problem çözme becerileri ve sorumluluk olmak üzere yedi faktör olarak ele alınan liderlik özellikleri içerisinde güven duyma ve güvenilir olma özelliğinin yükseköğretim gençleri tarafından ön plana çıkarıldığı anlaşılmıştır.
Hakikat Sonrası Çağda İdeoloji ve Söylem İlişkisi Bağlamında Kişilerarası İletişim: Twitter Örneği
Authors: ARKAN Zehra Nilgün
Published: December 2022

Toplumsal ve siyasi alanda popüler bir kavram olan hakikat sonrası, hakikatin önemini yitirdiğini, bireylerin karar verirken ya da bir konu üzerinde kanaat getirirken doğrunun, nesnel gerçeklikler yerine duygularla, inançlarla belirlenmesidir. Bireyin iyi hissetmesi onun önceliğidir dolayısıyla gerçekliğin önemini yitirmesi kadar bireyin çıkarına uygun bir gerçeklik, doğruluk arayışına yönelmesi de söz konusudur. Böyle bir çağda, egemen güçlerin ideolojisi ve söylem arasındaki ilişkiler kişilerarası iletişimi de etkileyecektir.

Söylem analizi genel olarak metinlerin, konuşmaların, gündelik dilin ve daha pek çok mesajın dilbilimsel çözümlemesini yapmaktadır. Ancak van Dijk, bu söylem çalışmasına yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırarak Eleştirel Söylem Analizi yöntemini ortaya koymuştur. Söylem çözümlemesine mikro ve makro alanlarda analiz yapabilme özelliğini de katmıştır. Mikro yapı; sentaktik çözümleme, bölgesel uyum, kelime seçimleri, haber retoriğinden oluşurken makro yapı; başlıklar, haber girişi, fotoğraf, ana olayın sunumu, sonuçlar, ardalan- bağlam bilgisi ve yorumlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu metodolojiyle söylemlerin ideolojik, kültürel, sosyal bağlamlarıyla incelenmesini olanaklı hale getirmiştir.

Bu araştırmada Twitter ortamında 2019 Yerel Seçimleri döneminde dolaşıma girmiş fakat Teyit.org tarafından çürütülmüş, gazetelerin Twitter hesaplarından yayınlanan haberlerin bir tanesi seçilecektir. Bu haber, Eleştirel Söylem Analizi ile çözümlemesi yapılacaktır. Bu yönteme yeni bir perspektif kazandırması amacıyla yalnızca haber tweet’i değil buna ek olarak tweet’e gelen kullanıcı yorumlarından 11 tanesi seçilerek Eleştirel Söylem Analizi’ne dahil edilecektir.

Bu bağlamda, araştırma kullanıcı yorumlarından hareketle yerel seçim döneminde yaşanan toplumsal kutuplaşma ortamını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
İnternete Erişim Hakkı ve Devletlerin Yükümlülükleri
Authors: AVŞAR Zakir
Published: December 2022

İnternete erişim hakkı günümüz dünyasında kimilerince “temel haklar”, kimilerince de “yeni kuşak insan hakları” arasında zikredilmektedir. Bu konu uluslararası belgelere ve kararlara da yansımıştır. Avrupa Konseyi, Avrupa Parlamentosu, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ve Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından konu değişik başlıklar altında ele alınmış, nihayetinde konu İnsan hakları Evrensel beyannamesine “Üçüncü Kuşak İnsan Hakları” olarak belirtilen başlıklar altında derç edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu hakkın ifası, kullanımı ile devletlere düşen yükümlülükler de kendisini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma içinde konunun sosyolojik, hukuki ve felsefi bakımdan gelişimi ve nihayetinde devletlerin internete erişim hakkı bağlamında yükümlülükleri ele alınmaktadır. Günümüzde İnternet ve Türkiye’de İnternete Erişim, İnsan Hakları ve İnternete Erişim Arasındaki İlişki, İnternete Erişim Hakkı üzerine olumlu ve olumsuz görüşler tartışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede de şu üç görevin mutlak suretle devletler tarafından üstlenilerek yasal zemininin oluşturulması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmaktadır. İnternet altyapısını oluşturmak ve bireylerin yararlanmasına sunmak; İnternet üzerinde veri güvenliğini temin etmek, bunun için tedbirleri almak, yasal düzenlemeleri gerçekleştirmek; Kişilik hakları, kişisel veriler, kamu güvenliği, toplum sağlığı, terörizmle mücadele, insanlığa karşı suçlar, soykırım kapsamına giren suçlar ve katalog suçlar olarak belirlenen suç türleri içinde evrensel olarak mücadele gerektiren konularda internetin kullanılmasına yönelik tedbirleri almak.