bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sujetos divergentes: una mirada desde el género en la escuela
Authors: Moreno Sánchez Daniela , Mantilla Gutiérrez Ingrid Carolina , Monroy González Myriam Esperanza , Cañón Flórez Lilia
Published: February 2019

This research article seeks to understand the gender concept from the stories and narratives of the youth at school naming some subjects as those Others. To do so, some lines emergent and integrating with subjectivities, the otherness, and the gender were outlined, and combined with the educational force of the life stories as a dialogical relationship. This work is also an enquiry from the perspective of qualitative research and the implication and school interaction. This way, it aims to situate the narratives bringing about some tensions regarding the gender and institutionality that move the involved subjects. In this vein, the youth’s words are found in an intertwining where, from the Others’ voice, question the school spaces in order to interrelate practices, senses and conceptions about something that people being at the school want to say regarding the Other School and the gender. From this perspective, a quest into the interstices of school life is started, i.e., to wonder about the subjects in order have a look at the alterity, the diverse, and their singularities. This discussion allows the recognition of this project as an unfinished process serving as a proposal to rethink the school and the social constructions going around the concepts of gender, sex and sexuality
Estrategias de difusión de acciones innovadoras de docentes de instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogotá
Authors: Rojas de Francisco Laura Isabel , Leal Fonseca Diego , Ortiz-Pradilla Tatiana , Monroy-Osorio Juan Carlos
Published: February 2019

An exploratory study funded by the Institute for Educational Research and Pedagogical Development (IDEP) of Bogotá, search from the perceptions of teachers and administrators of official institutions, the aspects that allow the characterization of educational innovation as an ecosystem, to understand their innovative actions and identify strategies for their dissemination. The study used mixed methods to establish the mechanisms used to disseminate educational innovation actions. The results of the study led to propose the dissemination strategies dynamization to make the teacher's actions visible in the district ecosystem of educational innovation in a strategy proposal
Innovación social educativa: una metodología de innovación 3.0 para la educación
Authors: Yáñez Meneses Sandra Patricia
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo la descripción de la metodología de innovación social educativa y los avances alcanzados en su pilotaje y fortalecimiento teórico-conceptual. Para ello, el texto cuenta con cuatro grandes apartados: en el primero se describen los antecedentes en los campos de la investigación social, la innovación y la ciencia política que sirvieron de insumo a su creación; en el segundo se realiza una descripción de las cuatro grandes fases que la componen, así como de los pasos y las técnicas que se prevén para su adecuado funcionamiento; en el tercero se relatan las experiencias de pilotaje realizadas para validarla y los esfuerzos de fortalecimiento teórico-conceptual; finalmente, se realiza una discusión sobre los desafíos que la metodología enfrenta hacia futuro para ser apropiada en círculos más amplios del sistema educativo.
The Effectiveness of Blended Learning Oriented LKS with POGIL Strategy on High School Chemical Bond Subject
Authors: Mufarohah Siti Lailatul , Dwiningsih Kusumawati
Published: February 2019

The rapid development of technology requires innovation in learning. One of the innovations is blended learning. The concept of blended learning is mixing of face-to-face learning model in the classroom with online learning. The blended learning will strengthen the conventional learning model conducted in the classroom through the development of education technology. Blended learning can be combined with constructivist and cooperative learning using POGIL strategy. POGIL contextual- based blended learning is suitable for chemical bonding subject because it has abstract characteristics involves atoms and electrons which are macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic particles. The aim of this research is to create the effective student worksheet blended learning-based viewed from students pretest and posttest results. The development of model in student worksheet uses 4D models (four D models) from Thiagarajan which consists of 4 development stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Focus of this study was limited to the stage of develop. The data were collected using a test sheet in the form of pretest and posttest through a limited trial. The results of this research indicate that the usage of blended learning-based student worksheet is effective viewed from N-gain which was obtained as much as 86.67% of students achieving moderate criteria, 6.67% of students achieving high criteria, and 6.67% students reach low criteria.
Antibacterial Activity Test of the C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene Compound Modified by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium-Bromide against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Bacteria
Authors: Utomo Suryadi Budi , Fujiyanti Mita , Lestari Warih Puji , Mulyani Sri
Published: February 2019

This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of C-4-methoxyphenylcalix-[4]resorcinarene modified by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium-Bromide (Resorcinarene-HDTMA-Br) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The study was conducted by testing the inhibition zone diameter with paper disc diffusion method. Variations in the concentration of the sample used were 10%; 15%; 20%; 25%; and 30% b/v. In this study, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (sampel solvent) was used as a negative control and Chloramphenicol as a positive control. It was found that Resorsinarene-HDTMA-Br had higher antibacterial activity than the unmodified C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMFKR) against the S. aureus bacteria. Both CMFKR and Resorcinarene-HDTMA-Br are not active against E. coli.
Characteristic Study of the MCM-41 Modified with Zn by Direct Synthesis
Authors: Hasanah Nur , Sutarno Sutarno , Kunarti Eko Sri
Published: February 2019

Modification of MCM-41 with zinc (Zn) by direct synthesis has been attempted. The aims of this research were (i) to show morphology of MCM-41, (ii) to know the optimal ratio of Si/Zn in MCM-41 modification, and (iii) to know crystallinity and pore diameter of MCM-41 and MCM-41 modified by Zn.  Zn metal added to MCM-41 matrix by direct synthesis used zinc nitrate as precursor with ratio Si/Zn variation. Zn added by direct synthesis to get larger diameter without changing the structure of MCM-41. Characterization of material was used XRD, FTIR, TEM, and N2 adsorption. Characterization of MCM-41 with TEM show that material has spherical shape with uniform pore morphology. The result of XRD show that synthesized MCM-41 has good crystallinity with three peaks observed specific to MCM-41. Ratio of Si/Zn optimal to modification MCM-41 is Si/Zn= 100. Modified MCM-41 show decrease in crystallinity and increase pore diameter that is 35.58 Ǻ compared with MCM-41 with pore diameter 31.42 Ǻ.

 

 
Development and Applicability of Multiscale Multiphysics Integrated Simulator for Tsunami
Authors: Arikawa Taro , Chida Yu , Seki Katsumi , Takagawa Tomohiro , Shimosako Kenichiro ,   Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan,   Port and Airport Research Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
Published: February 2019

In this research, we develop a numerical fluid simulator coupled with a structural analysis. The purpose of this system is to efficiently calculate all stages of a tsunami from source to runup, including structural deformation. We also investigate the stability of breakwaters at Kamaishi port. The numerical results are compared with physical experiments, revealing good agreement. The system is applied to the local conditions at Kamaishi port to verify its applicability. Most of the breakwaters are washed away, which is similar to the actual reported damage, indicating that the proposed system can effectively reproduce tsunami structural damage.
Development of a Real-Time Damage Estimation System
Authors: Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Nakamura Hiromitsu , Senna Shigeki , Otani Hideyuki , Tomii Naoya , Ohtake Kiyonori , Mori Toshiya , Kataoka Shojiro ,   Research Center for Reinforcement of Resilient Function, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Computational Disaster Mitigation and Reduction Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Hyogo, Japan,   Satellite Appications and Operations Center, Space Technology Directorate I, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, Japan,   Applications Laboratory, Resilient ICT Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kyoto, Japan,   Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Earthquake Disaster Management Division, Road Structures Department, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Ibaraki, Japan
Published: February 2019

Assessing the extent of damage quickly following a major natural disaster is crucial to ensuring that effective decisions are made to establish an appropriate first response system and implement response measures. Therefore, a real-time earthquake damage estimation system was developed. Among other things, the system estimates the distribution of seismic ground motion, structural damage, and casualties based on observation records obtained immediately after a major earthquake. In addition, the system is equipped with a function for assessing actual damage using a variety of sources and techniques. Damage estimates generated by the system were used for emergency response during actual disasters, including the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes, and the system’s effectiveness has been confirmed. This study evaluates the functions and performance of the system, examines its potential applications, and discusses future innovations and challenges.
Does Improved Attention Induced by Caffeine Intake Affect Olfactory Function?
Authors: Han Kyujin , Lee Jiyeon , Choi Bo Yoon , Jeong Hamin , Cho Jae Hoon , Kim Jin Kook
Published: February 2019

Objectives. Past several studies have proven that caffeine facilitates attentional enhancement by acting as an adenosine antagonist once it is absorbed by the body, resulting in improved psycho-behavioral function. Modern clinical olfactory function tests are usually assessed by psychophysical tests but due to a paucity of data, the influence of enhanced attention by caffeine on olfactory function still remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare results of cognitive function (attention) and olfactory function before and after caffeine administration in order to analyze effects of caffeine on olfactory function in normosmic subjects.Methods. This study enrolled 49 participants of Konkuk University Hospital with a mean age of 27.7 years who had patent olfactory clefts and no olfactory dysfunction from May 2015 to February 2016. Subjects were restrained from caffeine 10 hours before the test. On day 1, participant’s subjective olfactory function was evaluated before and after uptake of either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee using visual analog scale (VAS) score, minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) measured by acoustic rhinometry, and the Korean version of Sniffin’ Stick II (KVSS II). Evaluation of participant’s attentional degree was measured by d2 test. On day 2, the same procedure was carried out with counterpart substance. The type of coffee initially administrated was randomly selected.Results. After administration, caffeinated coffee resulted in significant attentional enhancement than decaffeinated coffee. Results of d2 test showed statistically significant differences in the parameters of total number of errors and omission errors. In both the caffeinated and decaffeinated groups, the patients showed slight increase in VAS score and nasal cavity area; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Also, caffeinated coffee intake compared to decaffeinated coffee intake showed no significant relevance to olfactory function.Conclusion. Caffeine may significantly improve attentional congnitive function, while not have acute effects on olfactory function.
Gluteal Fibrosis and Its Surgical Treatment
Authors: Alves Kristin , Katz Jeffrey N. , Sabatini Coleen S.
Published: February 2019

Background:

The objective of this study was to analyze the literature regarding the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and prevalence of gluteal fibrosis (GF) and the outcomes of treatment.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane literature databases, from database inception to December 15, 2016. We used the following search terms including variants: “contracture,” “fibrosis,” “injections,” “injections, adverse reactions," “gluteal,” and “hip.” All titles and abstracts of potentially relevant studies were scanned to determine whether the subject matter was potentially related to GF, using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. If the abstract had subject matter involving GF, the paper was selected for review if full text was available. Only papers including ≥10 subjects who underwent surgical treatment were included in the systematic analysis. Data abstracted included the number of patients, patient age and sex, the type of surgical treatment, the method of outcome measurement, and outcomes and complications.

Results:

The literature search yielded 2,512 titles. Of these, 82 had a focus on GF, with 50 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the 50 papers reviewed, 18 addressed surgical outcomes. The surgical techniques in these papers included open, minimally invasive, and arthroscopic release and radiofrequency ablation. Of 3,733 operatively treated patients in 6 reports who were evaluated on the basis of the criteria of Liu et al., 83% were found to have excellent results. Few papers focused on the incidence, prevalence, and natural history of GF, precluding quantitative synthesis of the evidence in these domains.

Conclusions:

This study provided a systematic review of surgical outcomes and a summary of what has been reported on the prevalence, diagnosis, prognosis, and pathogenesis of GF. Although GF has been reported throughout the world, it requires further study to determine the exact etiology, pathogenesis, and appropriate treatment. Surgical outcomes appear satisfactory.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Visit Duration Does Not Correlate with Perceived Physician Empathy
Authors: Kortlever Joost T.P. , Ottenhoff Janna S.E. , Vagner Gregg A. , Ring David , Reichel Lee M.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Perceived physician empathy is a strong driver of patient satisfaction. We assessed the influence of wait time, time spent with the surgeon, and surgeon stress level on the way patients rated surgeon empathy.

Methods:

One hundred and fourteen patients visiting 1 of 6 participating surgeons were prospectively enrolled in the study. We recorded patient demographics and assessed the patient rating of perceived physician empathy. Time waiting for the surgeon and time spent with the surgeon were measured with use of ambulatory tracking systems and by research assistants with stopwatches outside the patient rooms. Patient ratings of surgeon empathy were assessed with use of the Jefferson Scale of Patient’s Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE), and surgeon stress level was assessed with use of the Perceived Stress Score short form. The mean wait time was 30 ± 18 minutes, and the mean time spent with the surgeon was 8.7 ± 5.3 minutes. Two separate multilevel linear regression models were used to compare factors associated with the JSPPPE and time spent with the surgeon.

Results:

Neither time spent with the surgeon nor wait time was independently associated with perceived physician empathy; being male, having at least a post-college graduate degree, and higher self-reported surgeon stress levels were independently associated with less perceived empathy. More time spent with the surgeon was independently associated with lower self-reported surgeon stress levels; follow-up visits and visits for a traumatic condition were independently associated with less time spent with the surgeon.

Conclusions:

The results of the present study show that improved communication strategies, rather than shorter wait time or increased time spent with the patient, may increase patient satisfaction. This should be a focus of future research.
Emisión de metano entérico en rumiantes en pastoreo
Authors: Vargas J. , Cárdenas E. , Pabón M. , Carulla J.
Published: February 2019

Esta revisión explora el conocimiento asociado a los aspectos que determinan la emisión de metano en rumiantes en pastoreo. Se aborda el efecto de la especie forrajera, variedades dentro de especies y asociaciones gramínea/leguminosa, además de aspectos de manejo de la pastura como su madurez, carga animal, sistema de pastoreo y nivel de fertilización. El análisis hace énfasis en las influencias en las emisiones por unidad de materia seca consumida. Existen diferencias entre especies forrajeras en la emisión de metano que están asociadas a diferencias en las concentraciones de fibra, a variaciones en la tasa de paso y la presencia de metabolitos secundarios. Mayores concentraciones de fibra reducen las tasas de paso, el consumo de materia seca y aumenta la producción de metano por unidad de materia seca consumida. El efecto de la inclusión de leguminosas sobre la producción de metano es variable y esta influenciado por la presencia de metabolitos secundarios como los taninos y las saponinas. Los resultados de los trabajos revisados sugieren que existen oportunidades para reducir las emisiones de metano por unidad de materia seca consumida cuando las prácticas de manejo de las pasturas aumenten las tasas de paso y el consumo voluntario. Además el aumento en el consumo conllevaría a la reducción de emisiones de metano por unidad de producto animal.
Óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais e aromáticas no controle do carrapato rhipicephalus microplus
Authors: Campos R. N. S. , Bacci L. , Araújo A. P. A. , Blank A. F. , Arrigoni-Blank M. F. , Santos G. R. A. , Roner M. N. B.
Published: February 2019

O carrapato bovino Riphicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) constitui um dos grandes problemas enfrentado pelos pecuaristas de várias partes do mundo. No Brasil este ectoparasita causa grandes prejuízos à bovinocultura devido ao processo de hematofagia e pela transmissão de agentes patogênicos nos animais hospedeiros. Diante dessa situação os produtores normalmente aplicam carrapaticidas organossintéticos de forma indiscriminada. Este método normalmente resulta em: intoxicação dos animais e dos aplicadores, resíduos de carrapaticidas nos produtos de origem animal, resistência dos carrapatos aos carrapaticidas químicos e poluição ambiental. Uma alternativa para diminuir esses problemas é uso de biocarrapaticidas de origem botânica. Os pesticidas botânicos são produtos naturais derivados do metabolismo secundário das plantas. Esse metabolismo produz uma grande diversidade de compostos com ação carrapaticida que podem ser explorados através do uso de óleos essenciais ou como modelo para síntese de pesticidas sintéticos. A necessidade de métodos mais seguros, menos agressivos ao homem e ao meio ambiente, tem estimulado a busca de novos carrapaticidas a partir de produtos vegetais. Assim, acredita-se que o uso de óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais e aromáticas de uma forma isolada ou associada pode reduzir: a velocidade do desenvolvimento da resistência dos carrapatos aos carrapaticidas, os resíduos nos produtos de origem animal e a toxicidade para os animais, aplicadores e meio ambiente.
Análisis biométrico del caballo Criollo Araucano
Authors: Salamanca C.A. , Parés-Casanova P.M. , Crosby R.A. , Monroy N.
Published: February 2019

En este estudio se determina el grado de relación existente entre diferentes variables corporales en 52 machos Criollo Araucano, mediante un análisis de componentes principales. Los caracteres corporales empleados fueron 20: perímetro torácico, diámetro longitudinal, diámetro dorso-esternal, alzada a la cruz, diámetro bicostal, altura del espacio subesternal, anchura de pecho, perímetro de la caña anterior, longitud de cabeza, anchura de cabeza, longitud de cráneo, anchura de cráneo, longitud de cara, anchura de cara, profundidad de la cabeza, alzada a la grupa, largo de grupa, anchura de grupa, altura al nacimiento de la cola y altura al corvejón. Se analizaron igualmente las posibles diferencias morfológicas entre cuatro fincas de la zona. Del estudio puede concluirse que la población de caballos criollos araucanos, aunque bastante uniforme, presenta diferencias morfológicas entre fincas, siendo estas diferencias de aspecto general más que centradas en regiones corporales determinadas.
Taxas de alimentação para rã-touro com manejo alimentar automático e alta frequência alimentar
Authors: Castro A.A. , Argentim C.S. , Oliveira M.A. , Zacarkim M.A. , Agostinho M.A.
Published: February 2019

Três taxas de alimentação (3, 4 e 5% do peso vivo/dia – PV/dia) com manejo alimentar automatizado e alta frequência alimentar (24 refeições/dia) para rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) em sistema inundado foram avaliadas em 60 dias de experimento. Rãs-touro, com peso médio de 31,91±0,97 g, foram distribuídas em 12 baias inundadas de 20 m2 com densidade de 60 rãs/m2. Ração comercial extrusada para peixes carnívoros foi fornecida diretamente sobre a superfície da água por meio de alimentadores automáticos. O melhor crescimento das rãs, aos 20 e 40 dias de experimento, foi observado com as rãs alimentadas com taxa alimentar de 5% PV/dia, e ao final do experimento as rãs atingiram peso médio de 100,2 g, entretanto não houve diferença entre as taxas de alimentação. As taxas alimentares de 3, 4 e 5% PV/dia proporcionaram ao final do experimento conversão alimentar aparente de 1.08, 1.56 e 1.52, respectivamente, considerados excelente na criação de rãs. Rãs-touro criadas em temperatura ideal, com peso médio de 31,9 a 87,6 g, podem ser alimentadas com alta taxa alimentar (5% PV/dia) para maior crescimento. Quando a temperatura é menor que 25°C, a taxa alimentar de 3% PV/dia pode ser considerada mais adequada para rãs-touro pesando 87,6 a 100,2 g, pois apresentou taxa de conversão alimentar numericamente melhor, diminuindo os desperdícios de ração.
Efecto de la interacción del nivel nutricional de la dieta y el polimorfismo de los genes BGH, PRL e IGF2a sobre el porcentaje de grasa y proteína en la leche de ganado Holstein
Authors: Rodríguez C.N. , López-Herrera A. , Echeverri Z.J.
Published: February 2019

El conocimiento de los fenómenos que afectan la composición de la leche, puede contribuir a mejorar este aspecto. La genómica nutricional evalúa en sinergismo factores importantes como la genética y la nutrición y ha tomado fuerza como herramienta que permite explicar el engranaje correcto entre estos factores y puede ayudar a mejorar los índices de productividad en los hatos lecheros. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar la interacción entre el aporte de nutrientes en la dieta y el efecto de los polimorfismos de los genes BGH, PRL e IGF2A sobre el porcentaje de proteína y grasa en vacas Holstein del departamento de Antioquia. Para este propósito se contó con información fenotípica y genotípica de 1070 vacas Holstein distribuidas en 21 hatos del departamento de Antioquia. Los animales se genotipificaron mediante la técnica PDR-RFLP. El aporte de materia seca, proteína y energía de la dieta fue determinado mediante visitas, mediciones y estimaciones realizadas mensualmente en cada hato. En los modelos para grasa y proteína en leche se encontró efecto significativo de las interacciones (p
Efeito da temperatura e período de armazenamento sobre a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras
Authors: Lana S.R.V. , Lana G.R.Q. , Silva L.C.L. , Salvador E.L. , Leão A.P.A. , Lana A.M.Q. , Barros Jr. R.F.
Published: February 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento. Foram coletados, logo após a postura, 440 ovos de poedeiras da linhagem Dekalb White. Todos os ovos foram identificados, pesados e distribuídos aleatoriamente às bandejas, sendo 200 armazenados em temperatura ambiente (25,8 ± 0,9º C), 200 ovos em bandejas sob refrigeração (7,0 ± 0,4º C) e os 40 ovos foram utilizados para realizar avaliação no primeiro dia. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x11, sendo duas temperaturas de armazenamento e 11 períodos de estocagem (um, três, seis, nove, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 e 30 dias), com 20 repetições. Os valores de perda de peso, gravidade específica, Unidade Haugh, pH de albúmen e de gema, coloração da gema, porcentagem de albúmen e de gema dos ovos foram influenciados (P
Percepciones de los ganaderos hacia la producción de carne de cordero Ojinegro, una raza ovina autóctona
Authors: Maza M.T. , Forteda C. , Sepúlveda W. , Saied M.
Published: February 2019

En las dos últimas décadas se ha producido en España un creciente interés por recuperar y mantener razas de ganado autóctonas, en parte por considerarse esenciales en la adaptación a condiciones socio-económicas y ambientales cambiantes. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las percepciones de un grupo de productores hacia la carne de cordero de una raza autóctona, relacionándolas con diferentes objetivos de los ganaderos y con características de sus explotaciones. La información empleada en el estudio se obtuvo a partir de entrevistas personales dirigidas a una muestra de 34 productores de ovino de la raza autóctona originaria del noreste de España. El análisis estadístico consistió en análisis descriptivo, factorial y cluster. Los resultados indican que los ganaderos valoran mucho el efecto positivo de la explotación de la raza sobre el desarrollo rural y la generación de empleo en zonas desfavorecidas. La segmentación realizada muestra la existencia de dos grupos de productores con percepciones diferentes hacia la raza. Además las percepciones positivas de los ganaderos hacia la raza autóctona, están muy relacionadas con los objetivos perseguidos por los ganaderos en su explotación. Es por ello que cualquier medida tomada por organizaciones públicas ó privadas que pretenda la promoción y fomento de una raza, debería tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad de las explotaciones.
Estrategias de reducción de metano basadas en la genética y manipulación dietética de rumiantes: una revisión
Authors: Broucek J.
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los datos publicados sobre las prácticas de manejo de rumiantes que mitigan las emisiones de metano entérico (CH4). Se discuten estudios recientes sobre los efectos de la alimentación y la mejora en la producción de CH4. Esta revisión fue preparada sobre la base de la literatura disponible que describía condiciones de manejo extensivas e intensivas. Los enfoques actuales en relación con las opciones futuras para reducir la emisión de CH4 entérica se discuten. La revisión se divide en cuatro secciones (consumo de alimento y mejora, manejo de animales, manipulación dietética y concentrados). Las emisiones de metano de los sistemas de rumiantes pueden reducirse seleccionando animales con una ingesta de alimento residual baja. La fisiología digestiva de rumiantes resulta en diferentes niveles de producción de CH4. Cabe señalar que el aumento de la productividad de las vacas lecheras produce una disminución de la emisión de CH4 por kg de leche. Selección y cría de rumiantes con bajas emisiones por unidad de consumo de alimento reducen las emisiones de CH4. La digestión ruminal varía según la composición y calidad de la dieta. La producción de metano puede reducirse alimentando raciones de alta proteína o baja en fibra, específicamente alimentando más concentrados. La proporción del concentrado en la dieta y la fuente del grano influyen en la producción de CH4 en rumiantes.
Método no invasivo para determinar densidad y haces de fibras en piel de animales vivos
Authors: Quispe Peña E.C. , Quispe Bonilla M.D.
Published: February 2019

La densidad de fibras, a pesar de su importancia en el mejoramiento genético, constituye uno de los caracteres poco conocidos y deficientemente valorados probablemente debido a la dificultad que implica su medición. Por ello se ha desarrollado un novedoso procedimiento y equipo con el objetivo de evaluar la densidad (DenFib), haces de fibras por conductos (DenCon) y la relación N° de fibras/N° de conductos (Fib/Con) en alpacas, llamas y vacunos en forma no invasiva. El procedimiento involucra cuatro pasos: preparación de la piel y fibras en animal vivo, captura amplificada de imágenes, almacenamiento de imágenes y por último, el procesamiento de las imágenes y presentación de datos, para los cuales se utiliza un microscopio digital portátil modificado y un ordenador donde se encuentra instalado dos software propietario desarrollados en lenguaje C. El procedimiento dura alrededor de 6 minutos/animal, obteniéndose imágenes nítidas en piel de alpacas, llamas y vacunos vivos, vislumbrándose haces de 1 hasta de 7 fibras en alpacas Huacaya y llamas Ccara, con promedios ± error estándar (EE) para DenFib de 23,60±0,36 y 12,73±1,41 fibras/mm2, DenCon de 10,50±0,16 y 6,77±2,26 conducto/mm2 y Fib/Con de 2,41±0,04 y 1,89±0,63, respectivamente para alpacas y llamas. En vacunos los resultados son menores y en la mayoría de los casos cada pelo emerge de un conducto solitariamente. Se concluye que el procedimiento permite obtener tres características de fibras y piel (DenFib, DenCon y Fib/Con con sus respectivas desviaciones estándar) de llamas, alpacas y vacunos, con la posibilidad de extender su uso en otras especies.
A STUDY OF INDONESIA’S STOCK MARKET
Authors: Phan Dinh Hoang Bach , Nguyen Thi Thao Nguyen
Published: February 2019

Using monthly data from January 1995 to December 2017, this paper tests whetherIndonesian stock index returns are predictable. In particular, we use eight macrovariables to predict the Indonesian composite and six sectoral index returns using thefeasible generalized least squares estimator. Our results suggest that the Indonesianstock index returns are predictable. However, the predictability depends not only onthe macro predictor used but also on the indexes examined. Second, we find that themost popular predictor is the exchange rate, followed by the interest rate. Finally, ourmain findings hold for a number of robustness tests.
Technology Focus: Seismic
Authors: Egan Mark S.
Published: February 2019

Technology Focus

Last year saw continued contraction in the seismic data-acquisition industry. This included both onshore and offshore operations. Most notably, WesternGeco exited land and marine data acquisition. (In the case of marine, WesternGeco sold all of its vessels, facilities, and technologies to Shearwater GeoServices.) Ironically, it was just 1 year ago when I discussed in this column the new and exciting acquisition-related advances in the industry that had been developed for the purpose of better data sampling.

With this drop in acquisition business, it is not surprising that there were fewer seismic data-acquisition papers published in SPE proceedings. Nevertheless, several excellent SPE papers covered important acquisition and processing topics. One of the papers deals with the current state of the art for addressing marine challenges. This is described with a 3D case history from the Gulf of Thailand. Another paper deals with leading-edge techniques that were used in a recent onshore 3D survey in Abu Dhabi. And a third paper showcases the application of a relatively new technology, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). DAS is rapidly finding a home in vertical-seismic-profile surveys and in unconventional programs. Indeed, this third paper deals with a DAS study performed in the Marcellus Shale.

Offsetting the drop in the number of acquisition papers was a proportionate increase in the number of SPE papers that covered other important seismic topics. These included inversion and reservoir characterization, 4D interpretation, seismic for carbonate plays, and machine learning. (Similar to what is happening in other industries, machine learning is receiving tremendous attention now in the seismic world.) Though industry fluctuations may affect our areas of specialty, there will always be room for improvement driven by innovation.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 189888 Seismic Attributes Application for the Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data for the Marcellus Shale: New Insights to Cross-Stage Flow Communication by Payam Kavousi Ghahfarokhi, West Virginia University, et al.

SPE 192948 How Broadband, High-Density, Full-Azimuth, and Point-Source Point-Receiver Acquisition Improves Seismic Interpretation in Onshore Abu Dhabi by Sheikha Al-Naqbi, ADNOC Onshore, et al.

SPE 192956 Comparing Seismic Inversion Methods on a Carbonate Reservoir: A Case Study From the Mishrif Reservoir, Rumaila Field, Iraq by Olabode Joseph Olatoke, BP, et al.

SPE 192927 Effect of Seismic Acquisition and Processing Techniques in Challenging Subsurface Imaging, Block G11/48, Gulf of Thailand by Phansakorn Kaewprain, Mubadala
Gas Mass Transport Model for Microfractures Considering the Dynamic Variation of Width in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Zeng Fanhui , Peng Fan , Guo Jianchun , Rui Zhenhua , Xiang Jianhua
Published: February 2019

Microfractures are commonly observed in shale reservoirs. During the shale gas–production process, stress sensitivity induces a change in the width of the microfractures, which is a significant factor that affects shale gas mass transport. By using research methods based on desorption theory and elastic–plastic mechanics, a shale gas mass transport model that considers the dynamic variations in the microfracture width is established in this paper. This model comprehensively fuses the surface diffusion model, slip flow model, Knudsen diffusion model, and cubic grid model. The reliability of this model is verified using molecular simulations, which do not include surface diffusion. The shale gas is considered as pure methane. Then, the different contributions of the gas mass transport mechanisms to the total mass transport are discussed in detail. The results demonstrate the following findings: (1) The studied flows are well–simulated by the proposed model. (2) Stress sensitivity results in a decrease in gas mass transport when the formation pressure exceeds 3.4 MPa, and the minimum value is approximately 0.45 times smaller than that when the width change is not considered. Moreover, stress sensitivity results in an increase in gas mass transport when the formation pressure is lower than 3.4 MPa, and the maximum value is approximately 4.5 times higher than that when the width change is not considered. (3) Shale gas mass transport is positively associated with the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, whereas it is negatively associated with the microfracture compressibility. When the formation pressure is less than 4 MPa, shale gas transport is positively correlated with the desorption capacity, whereas when the formation pressure exceeds 4 MPa, the effect of different desorption capacities on gas transport is nearly consistent. (4) When the microfracture width is at nanoscale and the reservoir pressure is lower than 15 MPa, surface diffusion has an obvious effect on the shale gas mass transport process. When the contribution of surface diffusion to the total shale gas mass transport is relatively small, the contributions of slip flow and Knudsen flow to shale gas mass transport exhibit the trend of “shifting each other.” When the surface diffusion contribution is larger, a reduction in its contribution leads to simultaneous initial increases in the contributions of slip flow and Knudsen flow to shale gas mass transport, and then these flows begin “shifting each other.”
Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bedry Tuji , Tadele Henok
Published: February 2019

Background

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major public health problem, is the most common cause of death/disability in children. Glasgow coma scale is used to assess, decide treatment and follow up of TBI. TBI causes and outcome data are scarce from sub-Saharan Africa, non-existent from Ethiopia. We aimed to document pattern and predictors of childhood TBI outcome in a teaching hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

METHODS

Prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2017 to September 2018 among pediatrics TBI presented to Hawassa University Hospital. Data were collected by structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was carried out and significant associations were declared at p-value of < 0.05.

RESULT

During 1year period there were 4258 emergency room(ER) visits, TBI contributed to 317(7.4%) cases. The mean age of study subjects was 7.66±3.88 years. Boys, predominantly above 5years of age, comprise 218(68.8%) of study subjects with male to female ratio of 2.2:1. Pedestrian RTA 119 (37.5%) and falls 104 (32.8%) were the commonest causes of TBI. Mild, moderate, and severe TBI were documented in 231(72.9%), 61(19.2%), and 25(7.9%) of cases respectively. Most of TBI cases presented within 24hrs of injury 258(81.4%). Recovery with no neurologic deficit, 267(84.2%); focal neurologic deficit, 30(9.5%); depressed mentation, 10(3.2%) and death 10(3.2%) were documented. Presence of increased intracranial pressure(ICP) at admission [AOR: 1.415 (95% CI: 0.458-9.557)], severe TBI [AOR: 2.103 (95% CI: 0.965-4.524)], presence of hyperglycemia [AOR: 2.318 (95% CI: 0.873-7.874)] and head computed tomographic(CT) scans of contusion, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) or intracranial bleeding [AOR: 2.45 (95% CI: 0.811-7.952)] were found to be predictors of TBI outcome.

CONCLUSION

TBI contributed to 7.4% of pediatric ER visits. Boys above 5years of age were highly affected. Pedestrian RTA and falls, early presentation (<24hrs of injury) and mild form of TBI were the common documented patterns. Presence of increased ICP, hyperglycemia, severe TBI and CT findings of contusion, DAI/intracranial bleeding were predictors of poor outcome. Public awareness on road safety, childhood safety in preventing falls/animal injuries, closer follow-up of TBI cases for ICP and glycemic controls are recommended.
Evaluation of High‐Yielding Canadian Soybean Cultivars Suited to Japanese Growing Conditions
Authors: Yamaguchi Naoya , Tsuji Yuho , Suzuki Haruka , Kitabatake Takuya , Yoshihira Taiki
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Five Canadian soybean cultivars achieved high yields in Hokkaido, northern Japan, in screening tests.

OAC Dorado soybean produced a significantly greater yield than a Hokkaido's leading cultivar.

OAC Dorado soybean had six characteristics that were distinct from the Hokkaido cultivars.

OAC Dorado soybean is an important germplasm for high‐yield breeding.

The broadening of genetic diversity is essential to improving soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yields, and exotic germplasms can be a source of new alleles that improve yield. The stem termination habit is an important trait affecting seed yield in soybean, and this habit can be used to classify soybean into indeterminate, semi‐determinate, and determinate phenotypes. The genetic background and environment determine whether indeterminate phenotypes have a higher yield than determinate phenotypes. Most soybean cultivars developed in high latitude countries such as Canada, Switzerland, and Poland have an indeterminate growth habit, but this is not found in any of the commercial Japanese cultivars. This study investigated high‐yielding Canadian soybean cultivars growing in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Five Canadian cultivars, Haroson, RCAT Angora, Block, RCAT Alliance, and OAC Dorado, produced significantly greater than Hokkaido's leading cultivar Yukihomare in the preliminary screening tests. OAC Dorado also produced a significantly greater yield than Yukihomare in the trials (116%). OAC Dorado had six characteristics that were distinct from the Hokkaido cultivars: an indeterminate growth habit; high pod number, especially on branches; high seed number per pod; long reproductive period; low protein content; and short lower internodes. Our findings indicate that OAC Dorado is an important germplasm for high‐yield breeding and suggest that it may be possible to breed a high‐yielding cultivar with an indeterminate growth habit in Hokkaido.
Extension of the Cylindrical Root Model for Water Uptake to Non‐Regular Root Distributions
Authors: Graefe Jan , Prüfert Uwe , Bitterlich Michael
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

An equivalent cylinder radius PDF can be derived from a soil to root distance PDF.

Simple analytical solutions for random and clustered root systems were obtained.

The obtained equations were validated with 2D simulations of soil water flow.

The water flow toward a single root is efficiently solved in cylindrical coordinates using the matrix flux potential. The upscaling of single root fluxes to whole root systems is commonly based on the assumption of regularly distributed and parallel aligned roots. To provide more accurate solutions for randomly distributed roots, the point to root distance probability density function (PDF) is transformed to an equivalent cylinder size PDF (fC), which is used for upscaling steady‐state and steady‐rate cylindrical root models while simple analytical solutions are derived. The regular root distribution assumption leads to large overestimations (∼50%) of root water uptake for randomly distributed roots. Several numerical comparisons with simulations of the two‐dimensional (2D) Richards equation for five different soil textures and five root densities show the good performance of the derived solutions under both limiting and non‐limiting soil hydraulic conditions. Moreover, an explicit analytical solution is given for negative‐binomial clustered roots. Under this specific assumption, the solution can be transformed to an equivalent random solution with a modified root length density. Simulation of root water uptake of different 2D root maps generated by a Poisson cluster process shows the effectiveness of the derived approximation for clustered roots.
Financial literacy as a moderator linking financial resource availability and SME growth in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Joseph , Bin Ismail Mohammad , Hassan Bin Mohd Osman Mohd , Kuan Garry
Published: February 2019

The argument holds that visionary and dynamic small and medium enterprises (SMEs) tend to position growth at the centre of strategy. However, there has been a growing body of literature that has examined how financial literacy can support owner-managersof SMEs in making solid financial decisions that will enhance the growth of their businesses. In the present study, financial literacy and financial resource availability were modelled as different antecedents of SMEs growth. Nevertheless, the boundary condition for such models has received very little attention in the context of Ghana. Accordingly, in regard to resource-based view (RBV) logic, the current research examined the implications of contingency variable financial literacy (proficiency) on the relationship between financial resource availability and SMEs growth, particularly in the context of Ghana. The findings of the current research revealed that high financial literacy led to more positive effect of financial resource availability on SMEs growth.
Trust as an institute in the mirror of new challenges, imperatives and possibilities of socio-economic development
Authors: Kolot Anatoliy , Herasymenko Oksana
Published: February 2019

Dynamic transformations of traditional horizontal and vertical links in the new, – network, – economy, increase the importance of trust as a fundamental principle of constructing effective socio-economic relations. The relevance of the study is contingent on the increase of the role, significance, functional load on social capital, which is based on the trust institute. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the identification of phenomena and processes that are a kind of “thrombi” on the path to the development of the institute of trust, and the substantiation of the modern scientific platform for the further development of a road map for building a trust society. The results of the study are aimed at substantiating the institute of trust in the system of factors of socio-economic development. The subject of the study is the theoretical and applied principles of the social phenomenon of trust in the conditions of the challenges and imperatives of the new economy. The methodological basis for achieving the set goal is a systematic approach in the research of trust as a system-forming dominant of social wealth. The purpose of the study is the scientific and theoretical substantiation of the construction of trust relations in the context of the possibilities of social and economic development. The carrier of relationships – a person, who is active, conscious, possesses knowledge, ethical norms, and motivational guidelines; is the bearer of socially significant moral and cultural values, is situated in the foreground of the concept of trust, which authors adhere to. On the basis of generalization of existing theoretical developments in the sphere of trust the modern scientific and practical angle of this phenomenon has been highlighted; the benefits that society receives from a high level of trust has been revealed; prerequisites of trust have been identified; the leading role of trust in formation and reproduction of social capital has been proven; the failure of the state in the development of the trust institute has been substantiated. Trust has been emphasized as a relationship of a bilateral reciprocal nature on the part of its counterparties. The authors argue that trust is a fundamental phenomenon, a process of both socio-economic relations and the functioning of public institutions and permeates the entire spectrum of horizontal and vertical connections that are formed in society.
O Desenvolvimento Baseado em Conhecimento no contexto das cidades: uma análise do caso de Monterrey
Authors: Rizzon Fernanda , Fachinelli Ana Cristina , Zanotto Mayara Pires , Montaña Misael Paulo , Silva Edson Fontana da
Published: February 2019

Conforme a economia migrou de essencialmente agrícola para industrial e comercial, acompanhada do aumento populacional, surgiram as cidades como modelo inicial de sistema de organização humana e econômica. Nos dias atuais, emergem os conceitos de Cidade do Conhecimento, pois as cidades não são mais vistas exclusivamente como centros econômico-financeiros, mas como um conjunto de valores tangíveis e intangíveis que se relacionam com pessoas, empresas e governos em uma tríplice hélice. Com o objetivo de examinar a aplicação do conceito de Cidade do Conhecimento, este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso único tendo como objeto de estudo a cidade mexicana de Monterrey, considerada uma cidade do conhecimento emergente. O caso de Monterrey revela oportunidades balizadas pela sociedade do conhecimento, uma vez que essa requer a mobilização de recursos endógenos, assim como, os exemplos observados nesse artigo nos apresentam o fato de que os recursos do conhecimento já existem e possuem uma espécie de “enraizamento” em valores culturais e históricos, desenvolvidos de forma orgânica e única. Quanto às limitações do estudo, é importante considerar o recorte temporal restrito aos anos 2008 e 2009, o que limitou a análise do caso em relação à fatos mais recentes, tais como, a instalação de carteis de narcotráfico na cidade que abalaram seus planos e estratégias. Esses fatos recentes representam uma perspectiva para a continuação do estudo do caso de Monterrey orientado para a análise dos impactos da violência e da criminalidade organizada no seu sistema de capitais.