bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning to Attend Selectively
Authors: Bahrick Lorraine E. , Lickliter Robert
Published: December 2014

Selective attention is the gateway to perceptual processing, learning, and memory and is a skill honed through extensive experience. However, little research has focused on how selective attention develops. Here, we synthesize established and new findings from studies assessing the central role of redundancy across the senses in guiding and constraining this process in infancy and early childhood. We highlight research demonstrating the dual role of intersensory redundancy—its facilitating and interfering effects—in the detection and perceptual processing of various properties of objects and events.
Efficacy and Safety of Argatroban and Bivalirudin in Patients with Suspected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Vo Quynh-Anh T. , Lin Joyce K. , Tong Lisa M.
Published: December 2014

Background: Argatroban is the only commercially available Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved anticoagulant for managing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). However, bivalirudin may be an attractive alternative. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of argatroban and bivalirudin in patients with suspected HIT. Methods: This single-center, retrospective analysis included patients who received argatroban or bivalirudin for at least 24 hours between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2012. The primary end point assessed anticoagulation goals, specifically time to therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) goal and percentage of aPTT values within therapeutic range. Secondary end points included new thromboembolic events, bleeding, and mortality. Results: Of the 68 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 48 received argatroban and 20 received bivalirudin. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for age, percentage of patients with liver dysfunction, aPTT immediately prior to drug initiation, and the serotonin release assay results. The mean ± SD times to reach therapeutic aPTT goal for argatroban and bivalirudin were 14 ± 15 and 7 ± 8 hours, respectively ( P = 0.024). The mean ± SD percentage of aPTT values within therapeutic aPTT goal was 69% ± 23% for argatroban and 84% ± 18% for bivalirudin ( P = 0.005). Rates of thromboembolic events were similar between the 2 groups, as were the rates of bleeding and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Bivalirudin appears to reach therapeutic aPTT goal faster with more aPTT values within therapeutic aPTT goal while achieving similar clinical outcomes. Although not approved by the FDA for managing HIT, bivalirudin may be an attractive alternative anticoagulant.
Regional Variation in Use of a New Class of Antidiabetic Medication Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Marcum Zachary A. , Driessen Julia , Thorpe Carolyn T. , Donohue Julie M. , Gellad Walid F.
Published: December 2014

Background: When incretin mimetic (IM) medications were introduced in 2005, their effectiveness compared with other less-expensive second-line diabetes therapies was unknown, especially for older adults. Physicians likely had some uncertainty about the role of IMs in the diabetes treatment armamentarium. Regional variation in uptake of IMs may be a marker of such uncertainty. Objective: To investigate the extent of regional variation in the use of IMs among beneficiaries and estimate the cost implications for Medicare. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 2009-2010 claims data from a nationally representative sample of 238 499 Medicare Part D beneficiaries aged ≥65 years, who were continuously enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare and Part D and filled ≥1 antidiabetic prescription. Beneficiaries were assigned to 1 of 306 hospital-referral regions (HRRs) using ZIP codes. The main outcome was adjusted proportion of antidiabetic users in an HRR receiving an IM. Results: Overall, 29 933 beneficiaries (12.6%) filled an IM prescription, including 26 939 (11.3%) for sitagliptin or saxagliptin and 3718 (1.6%) for exenatide or liraglutide. The adjusted proportion of beneficiaries using IMs varied more than 3-fold across HRRs, from 5th and 95th percentiles of 5.2% to 17.0%. Compared with non-IM users, IM users faced a 155% higher annual Part D plan ($1067 vs $418) and 144% higher patient ($369 vs $151) costs for antidiabetic prescriptions. Conclusion: Among older Part D beneficiaries using antidiabetic drugs, substantial regional variation exists in the use of IMs, not accounted for by sociodemographics and health status. IM use was associated with substantially greater costs for Part D plans and beneficiaries.
Rhetorical Revolution
Authors: Baszile Denise Taliaferro
Published: December 2014

Critical race theory (CRT) has fundamentally been about “talking back” through the production of coutnernarratives that are, above all else, intended to interrogate and subvert the logic of multiple rationalities—legal, neoliberal, and scientific among others—and their role in reinforcing racism under the guise of integration, assimilation, colorblindness, and more recently post-racialism. To this end, counterstorytelling is CRT’s modus operandi. Although the critical race movement has ushered counterstory center-stage over the past several years, it is important to note that critical race counterstorytelling has historically been fundamental political strategy in ongoing struggles over the relations of power, knowledge, and difference in the United States and beyond. In this article, the author situates the emergence of critical race counterstorytelling within the U.S. abolitionist movement and argues that it played a critical role in challenging the idea that rationality was the only and/or the best way to practice democracy for the common good. In so doing, critical race counterstorytelling catalyzes the first movement for social justice in the United States. Calling on this history acts as a reminder of the revolutionary potential of critical race counterstorytelling as political strategy in current era of post-racialism.
Economic Stimulus and the Tax Code
Authors: Williamson James M. , Pender John L.
Published: December 2014

This article investigates the impact of geographically targeted Federal tax relief enacted after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The relief included provisions to replace lost income, mitigate uninsured losses, and stimulate business activity. Using propensity score and Mahalanobis metric (MM) matching methods, we develop difference-in-differences (DD) estimates of the impacts of these tax incentives on income and employment growth in the Gulf Opportunity Zone. Results show that per capita personal income, including earnings, increased more rapidly in counties treated with the tax provisions than in similar untreated counties, though the results only apply to counties with minimal damage. We do not find strong evidence of impacts on employment or population growth.
Community Psychology, Evaluation, and Social Critique
Authors: Miller Robin Lin
Published: December 2014

Community psychology blends psychological science, a community-level perspective on social issues, and a social justice orientation. Despite important difference between community psychology and program evaluation, program evaluation is a key component of many community psychologists’ practice and holds a central place in my own. In this essay, I reflect on the contributions of my community psychology training to my evaluation practice, which has centered on social justice issues primarily of HIV prevention and care and gay, bisexual, lesbian, and transgender concerns in communities of color. I also highlight tension between being a community psychologist as an advocate of justice and as an evaluator.
Inter-factional conflicts and government formation
Authors: Ceron Andrea
Published: December 2014

This paper analyzes how factional conflict and intra-party organization affect a party’s likelihood of being involved in a ruling coalition. We focus on Italian parties (between 1946 and 2013) estimating their internal heterogeneity through quantitative text analysis of policy documents presented by factions during party congresses. The impact of inter-factional conflict has been investigated in interaction with intra-party rules showing that when the party leader is autonomous and can rely on powerful whipping resources to impose discipline, the party will credibly sticks to the coalition agreement, thereby reducing the negative effect of factional heterogeneity in coalition bargaining.
Deterritorializing Disciplinarity
Authors: Nadler Christina
Published: December 2014

This article speculates on the pedagogical consequences of deterritorializing disciplinary knowledge. I suggest a move from knowledge as discipline to knowledge as an emergent potential of a field. Through this move, I propose an immanent pedagogy, based on the work of Deleuze and Guattari, in which students and teachers become active participants in a field of knowledge. This field is not only a way out of disciplinary knowledge but also a mechanism for students and teachers alike to critique and subvert disciplinarity. My understanding of knowledge production is based on the ontological and immanent capacity of students to learn and produce. In developing the idea of deterritorializing the classroom, I will draw from literature on decolonizing pedagogy and knowledge production as well as literatures that engage with digital pedagogies and activism.
Staphylococcus aureus–Related Diabetic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Lesens Olivier , Desbiez Françoise , Theïs Clément , Ferry Tristant , Bensalem Maryse , Laurichesse Henri , Tauveron Igor , Beytout Jean , Aragón Sánchez Javier ,   the Working Group on Diabetic Osteomyelitis
Published: December 2014

Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) and can be treated medically or by surgery. We investigated the outcome of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of S aureus DFO retrospectively in 4 hospitals according to the type of management, medical (including debridement at bedside) or surgical. The outcome was classified as either favorable or failure (relapse, impaired wound healing, or amputation). Seventy-four patients with S aureus DFO, including 26 with methicillin-resistant S aureus, were included with a mean duration of follow-up of 21 ± 1 months. As part of the initial treatment, 47% underwent bone surgery followed with a short course of antibiotic. Others were treated with antibiotic therapy alone with bedside debridement. The outcome was favorable for 84% of these patients, with similar rates in the surgical and medical groups (80% vs 87%, P > .05). Patients in the medical group were less frequently hospitalized (49% vs 94%, P < .001) and had a shorter length of hospital stay (17 ± 3 vs 50 ± 12 days, P = .004). Patients in the surgery group received a shorter course of antibiotic therapy (10 ± 2 vs 11 ± 1 weeks, P = .001) with fewer side effects (9% vs 33%, P = .01). The type of management was not associated with subsequent new episode of noncontiguous DFO, which developed in 32% of cases. In conclusion, except significant differences in duration of hospitalization and antibiotic therapy, medical and surgical management of S aureus DFO had similar outcomes with a cure rate >80%.
Modifiable Risk Factors and Infertility
Authors: Rossi Brooke V. , Abusief Mary , Missmer Stacey A.
Published: December 2014

Infertility is a relatively common condition, greatly affecting couples medically and psychologically. Although infertility treatment is safe, it can be time-intensive, expensive, and increase the risk of multiple gestations. Thus, to reduce costs and risks, couples may initially consider lifestyle change to increase their fertility and chances of pregnancy. For many of the diet factors studied (eg, caffeine, soy, protein, iron), there are conflicting data. However, there are some items men and women consume that are detrimental to fertility, such as alcohol and tobacco. The data on exercise are varied but may have an effect on ovulation and fertility—positive or negative. Body mass index appears to affect fertility also, with obesity in both men and women negatively affecting pregnancy rates. In addition, there remains concern and a growing body of research on environmental toxin exposures and reproductive health. Finally, supporting patients through infertility diagnosis and treatment is critical, as psychological stress may affect conception. It is imperative that the relationship between lifestyle factors and fertility continue to be explored so as to lessen the morbidity associated with infertility.
Report of an outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection caused by ribotype 053 in a neurosurgery unit
Authors: Nagar Aaron , Yew Peter , Fairley Derek , Hanrahan Mary , Cooke Stephen , Thompson Irene , Elbaz Wesam
Published: December 2014

Background:

We describe an outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with ribotype 053, a possible hypervirulent strain that causes outbreaks, in a neurosurgical unit.

Outbreak investigation:

The outbreak was investigated by creating a timeline of all toxin positive patients with root cause analysis, supplemented with ribotyping results, hand hygiene and environmental audits. There were five cases of CDI, three caused by ribotype 053 indicating transmission.

Infection prevention measures:

These included a short period of ward closure to allow enhanced cleaning, including use of vaporised hydrogen peroxide, isolation of infected patients, reinforcement of hand hygiene, education of all staff on C. difficile, reduction of shared bay occupancy from six to four, and addressing staffing levels.

Discussion:

The patients with ribotype 053 all had long inpatient stays and had required several courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia. They also required enteral feeding, which can cause diarrhoea, and during long inpatient stays they had multiple toxin negative faecal samples making clinical diagnosis of CDI difficult. Hence they were not isolated promptly, leading to transmission. This is the first reported outbreak of C. difficile ribotype 053 in the UK and highlights the unique aspects of an outbreak in neurosurgical patients.
Influence of volar and dorsal static orthoses in different wrist positions on muscle activation and grip strength in healthy subjects
Authors: Marcolino Alexandre M , Fonseca Marisa , Colombari Fernanda , Rodrigues Eula , Tamanini Guilherme , Barbosa Rafael
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Orthoses are indicated for injuries of the wrist, although there is weak evidence for its influence on extensor muscle activation patterns. The purpose of this study was to compare two designs of volar and dorsal wrist orthoses in several positions, from flexion to extension, by surface electromyography wrist extensor muscle activation and grip strength in healthy subjects.

Methods

We analysed extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum comunis muscle activity by surface electromyography. The volunteers performed maximum and submaximum (50%) isometric grips, which were evaluated with a Jamar™ dynamometer using volar and dorsal orthoses with several positions of the wrist (0°, 15° and 30°), both in flexion and extension ( p < 0.05).

Results

Our results showed a significant decrease in extensor muscle activation at 15° and 30° of wrist extension in both volar and dorsal orthoses at 100% and 50% of maximum task. A decrease was also found at rest at 15° of wrist flexion volar orthoses. Decreased grip strength was found at 15° and 30° of wrist flexion in both volar and dorsal orthoses.

Conclusions

Based on the results of this sample, we would suggest, as orthotic prescriptions, 15° or 30° wrist extension orthoses as a supporting therapeutic modality for performance in new studies with lateral epicondylitis in association with low-intensity grip activity; or 15° of wrist flexion volar orthoses for rest, depending on the chronicity of the disease and individual assessment. Future studies with symptomatic patients are needed to confirm these findings.
The underlying challenges of coordination of chronic care across Europe
Authors: Knai Cécile , Nolte Ellen , Conklin A , Pedersen JS , Brereton L
Published: December 2014

An effective response to the rising burden of chronic disease requires a health system environment that is conducive to implementing structured, integrated approaches to chronic disease prevention and management. This study presents some of the reported factors hindering the successful implementation of chronic care approaches in six European healthcare systems and focuses on processes to address these. We conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with key informants in Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Spain, representing the decision-maker, payer, provider and/or patient perspective. Despite differences among the healthcare systems studied, a shared set of barriers emerged. These included: (i) a continued focus on complications management and a failure to integrate risk minimisation and disease prevention along the spectrum of care; (ii) care fragmentation acting as a barrier to better coordination; (iii) a mismatch between intent, at national level, to enhance coordination and integration, and ability at regional or local level to translate these ambitions into practice; and (iv) a lack of structures suitable to promote proactive engagement with patients in the management of their own condition. Findings suggest successful implementation of chronic care across Europe will require cross-disciplinary collaboration, raising the profile of general practitioners and nurses, designing care explicitly around the needs of the patient, and the political will to carry forward these chronic care measures.
Towards a comprehensive research design for studying integrated care
Authors: Dessers Ezra , Vrijhoef Hubertus JM , Annemans Lieven , Cambré Bart , Dhondt Steven , Hellings Johan , Hermans Koen , Kenis Patrick , Nys Herman , Vandijck Dominique , Van Hootegem Geert
Published: December 2014

Given that integrated care includes many different aspects, this paper seeks to design a comprehensive research approach and explains how this approach is applied in the CORTEXS research project on integrated care in the Flemish Community in Belgium. A systemic view on integrated care is translated into a multi-level, multi-disciplinary, multi-method and multi-stakeholder research design. A phased approach of taxonomy development and literature review, comparative case studies, social lab activities and valorisation initiatives is devised in order to link fundamental research with strategic valorisation of the research results. While this innovative comprehensiveness is seen as a major strength, it is acknowledged that the research design comes with certain risks that need to be tackled.
Happiness in Economics as Understood Across Ism and Religion
Authors: Ismail Abdul Ghafar , Haron Nurfaradilla
Published: December 2014

The concept of happiness has been discussed long time ago by economists. Recently, it became the most related and important thing to be studied because of its impact in societies. Discussion about happiness basically interprets within two separate views. First, happiness related with economic variable, for instance, how money can create happiness. Second happiness is discussed within the context of religion. However, the discussion did not combine both contexts, economic variable and religion, to interpret happiness. Therefore, it is important to highlight the concept of happiness in a different way such as in this article. Different cultures will have their own perspective on the determination of happiness. From just “individual perspective” of happiness, they then formed an ism through involvement of a big society from the same culture. Some isms such as hedonism and materialism are synonyms in characterizing the concept of happiness in this modern world. At the same time, the isms are actually working with the economic and non-economic indicators as elements to strengthen the ism itself. On the other hand, the concept of happiness from the perspective of religion will also be a part of discussion in this article. Therefore, this article will reveal that the meaning of happiness is different in terms of religion and ism. So, to carry out both ism and religion simultaneously in shaping a more intrinsic value of happiness is not an easy task. Furthermore, religion is always associated with spiritual value that makes it hard for some people to practice religion and their isms at the same time. Thus, this article will propose that the right interpretation of isms based on their faith in religion can contribute to the concept of genuine happiness.
Affinity of FVIII-specific antibodies reveals major differences between neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies in humans
Authors: Hofbauer Christoph J. , Whelan Shawn F. J. , Hirschler Maria , Allacher Peter , Horling Frank M. , Lawo John-Philip , Oldenburg Johannes , Tiede Andreas , Male Christoph , Windyga Jerzy , Greinacher Andreas , Knöbl Paul N. , Schrenk Gerald , Koehn Jadranka , Scheiflinger Friedrich , Reipert Birgit M.
Published: December 2014

Key Points

A new technology is presented to assess apparent affinities of FVIII-specific antibodies, differentiated for isotypes and IgG subclasses. Affinities of FVIII-specific antibodies in patients with FVIII inhibitors are up to 100-fold higher than in patients without inhibitors.
At the Bedside: The emergence of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in human disease
Authors: Peebles R Stokes
Published: December 2014

ILC2s have been primarily identified at environmental-mucosal interfaces and can be activated quickly by environmental antigens and pathogens to produce large quantities of IL-5 and IL-13. As a result of the production of these cytokines, ILC2s have been implicated in the host response to allergens, viruses, and parasites. However, the exact role of ILC2s in any human disease state is presently unknown, as specifically eliminating these cells is not possible, given that potentially targetable cell-surface markers are shared with other immune cells. Likewise, selectively and completely inhibiting ILC2 activation is also not currently possible, as several activating cytokines, IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, act in redundancy or are not specific for ILC2 stimulation. Therefore, at this point, we can only identify the relative abundance of ILC2s in organs and tissue identified as being involved in specific diseases, and the contribution of ILC2s in human disease can only be inferred from mouse studies. Given these limitations, in this article, we will review the studies that have examined the presence of ILC2s in human disease states and speculate on their possible role in disease pathogenesis. The intent of the review is to identify priority areas for basic research based on clinical research insights.
The Influence of Using Digital Diagnostic Information on Orthodontic Treatment Planning ‐ A Pilot Study
Authors: Dunbar A. Craig , Bearn David , McIntyre Grant
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess whether orthodontic treatment planning is reproducible when carried out using digital records compared with clinical examinations or using standard records. The study also assessed patients′ opinion of face‐to‐face consultations and potential use of teleorthodontics. The study was designed as a prospective observational cross‐sectional pilot study and carried out in a UK dental teaching hospital involving 27 subjects. Four consultant Orthodontists carried out treatment planning, firstly following a clinical examination, then using standard records, and then using digital records. Each subject completed a questionnaire. Cohen′s kappa coefficient and Fleiss′ kappa coefficient were used to assess intra‐observer reproducibility and inter‐observer reproducibility of treatment planning decisions, respectively. A change in the diagnostic information format affected treatment planning reproducibility for half of the observers. Inter‐observer reproducibility was greater when using hard copy records in comparison to digital records. No subjects were unsatisfied with their face‐to‐face consultation.
Henryana magnifica Yoshimoto (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Brazil: New Records for the Amazon Rainforest and Brazilian Dry Forest
Authors: Fernandes Daniell Rodrigo Rodrigues , Schoeninger Karine , Lara Rogéria Inês Rosa , Perioto Nelson Wanderley
Published: December 2014

Henryana magnifica Yoshimoto (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is reported for the first time in an Amazon rainforest area of Amazonas State and in a Brazilian Dry Forest area of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil.

Henryana magnifica Yoshimoto (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) no Brasil: Novos registros para a Floresta Amazônica e Caatinga

Resumo. Henryana magnifica Yoshimoto (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é relatada pela primeira vez em uma área de Floresta Amazônica do Estado do Amazonas e em uma área de Caatinga no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.
Out of context: ‘Control & Surrender’ revisited and remixed
Authors: Loydell Rupert
Published: December 2014

A self-reflective consideration of remixing, reconsidering and (re-)presenting live a previously written collaborative book chapter on Brian Eno’s collaborations and his use of Oblique Strategies cards. The piece also considers the presentation in relation to other papers at the Modular Forms conference at Roehampton University, and was written in response to randomly drawn Oblique Strategies cards.
The Point of Publishing: A modular contemplation of publishing
Authors: Smith Kelvin
Published: December 2014

This article introduces The Point of Publishing, a modular contemplation of publishing. The Point of Publishing was published on a WordPress template as short daily posts at http://pointofpublishing.com from 1 September to 29 November 2012. This article explores some of the stylistic and thematic origins of the text; provides an exemplary excerpt and creates new modular abridgements of the text; and gives details of the work’s development, production and reception. Approaches to writing and publishing merge in the process of creation and dissemination, and are presented as structured creative output using a modular approach, which leads in turn to further adaptations, abridgements, and the possibility of new projects.
Eight short talks about islands … and by islands I mean paragraphs
Authors: Carpenter J. R.
Published: December 2014

Flocks of books open and close, winging their way web-ward. A reader is cast adrift in a sea of white space veined blue by lines of longitude, of latitude, of graph, of paper. The horizon extends far beyond the bounds of the browser window, to the north, south, east and west. Navigating this space (with track pad, touch screen, mouse or arrow keys) reveals that this sea is dotted with islands… and by islands I mean paragraphs. These fluid texts are continuously recomposed by JavaScript files calling upon variable strings containing words and phrases collected from a vast literary corpus – Deleuze’s Desert Islands (2004), Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1610–11), Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719), Bishop’s Crusoe in England (1971), Coetzee’s Foe (1966), Ballard’s Concrete Island (1973), Hakluyt’s Voyages and Discoveries (1598–1600), Darwin’s Voyages of the Beagle (1838), and many other lesser-known sources including an out-of-date guidebook to the Scottish Isles, and an amalgam of accounts of the classical and quite possibly fictional island of Thule. Individually, each of these textual islands represents a topic – from the Greek topos, meaning place. Collectively they constitute a topographical map of a sustained practice of reading and re-reading and writing and re-writing on the topic of islands. In this constantly shifting sea of variable texts a reader will never wash ashore on the same island twice… and by islands, I really do mean paragraphs.
Organocatalysts for enantioselective synthesis of fine chemicals: definitions, trends and developments
Authors: Palumbo Chiara , Guidotti Matteo
Published: December 2014

Organocatalysis, that is the use of small organic molecules to catalyse organic transformations, has been included among the most successful concepts in asymmetric catalysis and it has been used for the enantioselective construction of C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S, C-P and C-halide bonds. Since the seminal works in early 2000, the scientific community has been paying an ever-growing attention to the use of organocatalysts for the synthesis, with high yields and remarkable stereoselectivities, of optically active fine chemicals of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. A brief overview is here presented about the two main classes of substrate activation by the catalyst: covalent organocatalysis and non-covalent organocatalysis, with a more stringent focus on some recent outcomes in the field of the latter and of hydrogen-bond-based catalysis. Finally, some successful examples of heterogenisation of organocatalysts are also discussed, in the view of a potential industrial exploitation.
EDUCAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO: O CASO DAS ESCOLAS RURAIS DA REGIÃO DO CACAU – BAHIA – BRASIL
Authors: Santos André Souza dos
Published: December 2014

A pesquisa tem como objetivo as reflexões sobre a capacidade de desenvolvimento comunitário/sustentável, isso seria possível, a partir da educação oferecida por três escolas de educação básica do campo com metodologias diferenciadas na região do Cacau na Bahia. Trata-se de um mergulho na complexidade do funcionamento de duas escolas que praticam a pedagogia da alternância (15 dias na comunidade e 15 dias na escola) e uma escola pública rural: sua funcionalidade, suas dificuldades, seus desafios e satisfações. São elas: uma EFA - Escola Família Agrícola – localizada no Município de Ilhéus, (escola A), uma CFR - Casa Família Rural – localizada no Município de Tancredo Neves, (escola B) e uma escola pública rural (escola formal publica – localizada no Povoado do Bonfim – zona rural do Município de Valença (escola C). O modelo educacional em curso em cada uma dessas escolas e sua inserção comunitária é base de compreensão deste trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo de caso nas escolas que tem epistemologias pedagógicas diferenciadas, participam da pesquisa os atores locais: pais de alunos, ex-alunos, e alunos com a mesma faixa etária além dos professores/monitores e diretores das escolas.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v18i19.347
CONTRIBUTO DO TRABALHO COLABORATIVO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL DE PROFESSORES DE FÍSICA E QUÍMICA
Authors: Baptista Mônica Luísa Mendes , Freire Ana Maria Viegas Lindo Martins da Silva
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo relata um estudo que teve como finalidade conhecer o que pensam os professores sobre o papel do trabalho colaborativo para o seu desenvolvimento profissional. A colaboração foi promovida entre professoras e investigadora durante um Programa de Formação (PF) que pretendeu levar à concepção e implementação de tarefas de investigação na sala de aula. Os dados foram recolhidos recorrendo-se a entrevistas, a reflexões escritas elaboradas após cada sessão do PF e a gravações áudio tanto das sessões do PF, como das aulas assistidas das professoras. Os resultados mostram que as professoras consideraram que o trabalho colaborativo, levado a cabo com a investigadora durante o PF, promoveu a realização de aprendizagens relacionadas com a aplicabilidade da teoria à prática, com a elaboração das tarefas de investigação e com a sua implementação na sala de aula. O aprender a ensinar tarefas de investigação contribuiu, inevitavelmente, para o seu desenvolvimento profissional.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v19i20.977
Structure of three subtropical bat assemblages (Chiroptera) in the Andean rainforests of Argentina
Authors: Sánchez Mariano S.
Published: December 2014

I evaluated bat assemblages in terms of species richness, relative abundance, trophic guild structure, and seasonal changes at three sites along of the Southern Yungas forests. A total of 854 individuals were captured, representing 25 species of three families, with an effort of 27,138 m of mist net opened per hour. Subtropical assemblages showed a similar structure to those from tropical landmark, with a dominance of frugivorous Phyllostomid; in addition, a few species were abundant, followed by a long tail of less common species. However, subtropical sites differed due to the dominance of the genus
Sculpting of Lead Sulfide Nanoparticles by Means of Acetic Acid and Dichloroethane
Authors: Gerdes Frauke , Volkmann Mirjam , Schliehe Constanze , Bielewicz Thomas , Klinke Christian
Published: December 2014

Colloidal lead sulfide is a versatile material with great
opportunities to tune the bandgap by electronic confinement and to
adapt the optical and electrical properties to the target
application. We present a new and simple synthetic route to control
size and shape of PbS nanoparticles. Increasing concentrations
of explicitly added acetic acid are used to tune the shape of
PbS nanoparticles from quasi-spherical particles via
octahedrons to six-armed stars. The presence of acetate changes the
intrinsic surface energies of the different crystal facets and enables
the growth along the 〈100〉 direction. Furthermore, the
presence of 1,2-dichloroethane alters the reaction kinetics, which
results in smaller nanoparticles with a narrower size distribution.
Elevated circulating microRNA-122 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults
Authors: Wang Rui , Hong Jie , Cao Yanan , Shi Juan , Gu Weiqiong , Ning Guang , Zhang Yifei , Wang Weiqing
Published: December 2014

Objective

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of adiposity, but functional studies have yielded inconclusive results. Examining the associations of circulating miRNAs levels with obesity and insulin sensitivity in humans may lead to improved insights.

Design and methods

Serum samples collected from 112 obese and control subjects (50.0% men) were randomly divided and combined into four pools (28 samples in each obese or control pool). The genome-wide circulating miRNA profiles were detected via microarray. Elevated miR-122 was selected and validated in individual serum samples from 123 obese (46.7% men) and 107 control (50.0% men) young adults. Associations between circulating miR-122 levels and parameters related to adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profiles and hepatic enzymes were further assessed.

Results

Thirty-four miRNAs were found to be expressed differently in the sera of obese patients compared with control subjects (P<0.001). Further analyses confirmed that obese patients had 3.07-fold higher circulating miR-122 levels than controls (P<0.001). Serum miR-122 levels were correlated with BMI (r=0.469), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.634), triglycerides (r=0.448), HDL-cholesterol (r=−0.351) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.401, allP<0.01). After controlling for confounding factors, miR-122 remained as an independent risk factor for insulin resistance (OR=3.379, 95% CI=1.141–10.007,P=0.028).

Conclusions

Elevated circulating miR-122 is positively associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults. These findings provide a better understanding regarding the role of miRNAs in adiposity and insulin sensitivity.
Relación entre adherencia a citas médicas de pacientes VIH+ y la accesibilidad geográfica a servicios de salud entre quienes acuden al CAPASITS de Tijuana
Authors: López Jaramillo Ana María , Zúñiga-Denuncio María Luisa , Rangel-Gómez María Gudelia , Fuentes-Flores César Mario
Published: December 2014

Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre adherencia a citas médicas de personas que viven con VIH+ que acuden al CAPASITS de Tijuana y la accesibilidad geográfica a servicios de salud. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 267 expedientes clínicos de personas que viven con VIH en tratamiento antirretroviral. Se elaboró el perfil demográfico y epidemiológico, un modelo de regresión logística multivariada con variable dependiente “asistencia a cita médica en el CAPASITS durante últimos seis meses” y variable independiente de interés “índice de accesibilidad geográfica”. Resultados: La asistencia a citas médicas en últimos seis meses de personas VIH+ está afectada significativamente por variables como: características de la población (edad), disponibilidad de recursos y avance de la infección. Discusión: Para Tijuana, el acceso no fue impedimento para asistencia a citas médicas programadas en los últimos seis meses. No obstante, los factores individuales marcan la diferencia entre quienes asisten o no a dichas citas.
That could be me
Authors: Moore Alison
Published: December 2014

In this paper I test the capacity for functional linguistics, in particular register theory (Halliday 2002) and cohesive harmony analysis (Hasan 1984), to illuminate how habitual patterns of language make meat-eating and factory-farming seem natural, and how certain counter-discourses work to expose the seams in such practices. My primary example is an award-winning animal welfare campaign based on mock recipe cards. While such genre-bending clearly aims at bypassing reader defenses, the text’s real achievement is to combine semantic features whose co-occurrence is normally blocked by the cultural-linguistic system, allowing it to project a sophisticated food identity for readers and construe a social identity for the recipe ‘ingredients’ (pigs), realized largely through bizarre cohesive harmony. Implications discussed include relations between ‘major and minor identities’ (Lakoff 2006), the mobilization of identity in dominant and emerging ideologies, and the limits on who/what can count as a social subject that might ‘perform’ an identity.
Padrão de supervisão da enfermeira em hospitais de Feira de Santana - BA
Authors: Leites Maria Lúcia Servo
Published: December 2014

Estudo exploratório descritivo sobre Padrão de Supervisão da Enfermeira (P.S.E.), realizado em Feira de Santana-Bahia-Brasil, em 1994, tendo como objetivos descrever o padrão de supervisão e identificar os fatores que interferem na mesma. Utilizou-se questionário e estatística descritiva. O padrão de supervisão realizado pela enfermeira não é sistematizado, evidenciando a falta de percepção da supervisão enquanto processo. Estatisticamente comprovou-se que o tipo de hospital é um fator que interfere no P.S.E. Respaldada na literatura, no exame percentual dos resultados e na experiência profissional da autora, afirma-se que sexo, formação acadêmica, remuneração, política de saúde, planejamento e estrutura técnico administrativa são fatores condicionantes do P.S.E., assim como, mencionados pelos sujeitos, a falta de autonomia profissional, as interferências políticas partidárias, deficiência de recursos humanos, baixa remuneração, deficiência de recursos materiais, ambiente físico inadequado e relações interpessoais insatisfatórias.
O "ser-mãe" de criança com malformação: um estudo fenomenológico
Authors: Pinheiro Mirian Calíope Dantas
Published: December 2014

A temática deste estudo refere-se à vivência de mães com filhos portadores de malformação congênita e traz uma análise sobre as suas reações diante do mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo segundo a linha qualitativa com a abordagem fenomenológica. E, para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas e aquisição dos depoimentos. Fez-se a análise em busca do sentido, da direção destas mães, ou seja, a sua maneira de ser, de estar no mundo, partindo dos significados (unidades de significação), indo ao sentido, à luz do referencial filosófico de Martin Heidegger, objetivando caracterizar o Ser-Mãe em seu cotidiano.
Relacionamentos colaborativos em redes de suprimentos
Authors: Bronzo Marcelo
Published: December 2014

Algumas das tendências recentes relacionadas às práticas de gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos - como outsourcing estratégico, diferenciação e especialização de funções, arranjos colaborativos, ampliação e incremento dos níveis de serviços logísticos - estão sendo impulsionadas por empresas interessadas em otimizar a coordenação logística em um cenário de crescente customização e complexidade no mundo dos negócios. As estratégias de segmentação de fornecedores e clientes no contexto da cadeia de suprimentos representam uma oportunidade para estimular ambientes colaborativos e incrementar, assim, a qualidade dos serviços e produtos oferecidos aos clientes finais, bem como reduzir os custos produtivos e logísticos. Neste artigo, defende-se a idéia de que as estratégias de segmentação em determinados regimes (parceria e quase-mercado) definem a infra-estrutura relacional adequada para suportar práticas colaborativas nas transações entre os agentes econômicos e, conseqüentemente, favorecer os padrões de competitividade de empresas e cadeias de suprimento.
Atributos e papéis dos conselhos de administração das empresas brasileiras
Authors: Martins Henrique Cordeiro , Rodrigues Suzana Braga
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as alterações da governança corporativa a partir de seus atributos e os impactos nos papéis e responsabilidades do conselho de administração das empresas brasileiras, tendo em vista as mudanças provocadas pela globalização, privatização e a nova estrutura global de negócios. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa nas 300 maiores empresas do Brasil listadas na Bovespa, por meio da percepção dos conselheiros e/ou diretores que se relacionam, influenciam ou condicionam os atributos, papéis e responsabilidades do conselho. Os resultados apurados sugerem que a formação dos atributos dos conselhos das empresas pesquisadas está mais fortemente ligada ao papel de controle, apesar de os números revelarem a importância dada pelos conselheiros ao papel estratégico.
Previsão da volatilidade no mercado interbancário de câmbio
Authors: Goulart Clayton Peixoto , Amaral Hudson Fernandes , Bertucci Luiz Alberto , Bressan Aureliano Angel
Published: December 2014

O artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo da capacidade preditiva dos modelos EWMA, GARCH (1,1), EGARCH (1,1) e TARCH (1,1), quando utilizados para prever a volatilidade das taxas de câmbio praticadas no mercado interbancário brasileiro. A amostra é composta pelas cotações diárias de fechamento da taxa de câmbio real/dólar estadunidense observadas no período de 20 de agosto de 2001 a 30 de setembro de 2003. Os resultados demonstraram que o modelo TARCH (1,1) apresentou o melhor desempenho preditivo para o período, acompanhado de perto pelo modelo EGARCH (1,1), seguindo-se o modelo GARCH (1,1) e, por último, o modelo EWMA. Constatou-se também que todos os modelos revelaram uma propensão a superestimar a volatilidade futura, e que a Clearing de Câmbio da BM&F atua de forma excessivamente conservadora e subjetiva na definição dos índices de variação da taxa de câmbio contratualmente garantidos e, conseqüentemente, na exigência de garantias.
A internacionalização das empresas portuguesas: a experiência brasileira
Authors: Silva Joaquim Ramos
Published: December 2014

O artigo tem por objetivo investigar a internacionalização dos investimentos portugueses no Brasil de meados dos anos 1990 até o começo da década de 2000. Foram registradas cerca de 400 empresas lusitanas no país em 2003. Previamente, colocam-se várias questões empíricas e teóricas, e destaca-se a relevância do caso à luz dos grandes modelos de referência em matéria de internacionalização de empresas, em particular a escola nórdica (ou modelo de Uppsala) e o paradigma OLI de John Dunning. Enfatiza-se em seguida a contribuição dos determinantes culturais, globalmente considerados, desde o início do processo de investimento luso-brasileiro. Nesse contexto, o papel da língua comum é enfatizado. De passagem, analisam-se diversos tópicos, inclusive o da influência por vezes paradoxal da proximidade cultural sobre o investimento internacional. Por outro lado, os resultados a que foi possível chegar ajudam a preencher as lacunas deixadas pelas insuficiências teóricas ligadas à negligência do movimento internacional de fatores.
Risco de insolvência e risco sistemático: relação teórica não verificada na Bovespa
Authors: Antunes Gustavo Amorim , Guedes Gilvan Ramalho
Published: December 2014

O artigo tem por objetivo investigar se o indicador contábil de alavancagem pode ser utilizado como aproximação do risco de mercado beta. Foram realizados: testes de correlação, regressão linear e análise visual da dispersão entre a alavancagem (total e financeira) e o beta de todas as empresas listadas na Bovespa. Todos os indicadores foram coletados na Economática para o período de 1995 a 2005, e os resultados indicam ausência de relação entre as variáveis. Essa situação persiste mesmo quando (a) é utilizada amostra de empresas mais líquidas e é estimado o beta via modelo GARCH-M, (b) são utilizados indicadores de endividamento do final ou início do período, (c) é introduzido o valor de mercado como variável explicativa adicional, (d) são operadas transformações não lineares. Conclui-se que a alavancagem (total ou financeira) não deve ser tomada isoladamente como aproximação do beta. A justificativa é a irrelevância da informação contábil devida à concentração acionária no Brasil.
Experiences of Stalking in Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Contexts
Authors: Sheridan Lorraine P. , North Adrian C. , Scott Adrian J.
Published: December 2014

Most stalking literature reports on male stalkers and female victims. This work examines stalking experiences in 4 sex dyads: male stalker–female victim, female stalker–male victim, female–female dyads, and male–male dyads. Respondents were 872 self-defined victims of stalking from the United Kingdom and the United States who completed an anonymous survey. The study variables covered the process of stalking, effects on victims and third parties, and victim responses to stalking. Approximately 10% of comparisons were significant, indicating that sex of victim and stalker is not a highly discriminative factor in stalking cases. Female victims of male stalkers were most likely to suffer physical and psychological consequences. Female victims reported more fear than males did, and most significant differences conformed to sex role stereotypes. Earlier work suggested stalker motivation and prior victim–stalker relationship as important variables in analyses of stalking, but these did not prove significant in this work, perhaps because of sampling differences.
Genetic diversity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Serbia revealed by SSR markers
Authors: Lucic Aleksandar , Popovic Vladan , Nevenic Marija , Ristic Danijela , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Cirkovic-Mitrovic Tatjana , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the results of analysis of the genetic variability of
seven Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Serbia using SSR
markers. Genomic DNA was isolated from seed tissue of all seven populations.
The concentration of DNA samples was within the range of 1-4 mg/ml. Different
PCR protocols were used depending on the type of SSR markers. The total
number of fragments obtained by SSR analysis with 4 selected primers was 17
(only bands of strong and medium intensity were considered), of which 6
fragments were polymorphic (35.29%). In order to analyze the genetic
similarity of the analyzed populations, graphs of correspondence analysis and
UPGMA clusters were produced. By comparative analysis of the obtained
dendrograms, the dependence of population genetic differentiation and spatial
distance was observed, i.e. their isolation by natural barriers. The results
indicate that in further research of interpopulation variability it is
necessary, when graphically interpreting genetic distances, to use both
methods of statistical analysis (UPGMA analysis and correspondence analysis).