bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of lipid-poor adrenal adenomas in magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the abdomen
Authors: Martins Victor Guerra , Torres Cecilia Vidal S , Mermejo Livia Mara , Tucci Jr. Silvio , Molina Carlos Augusto Fernandes , Elias Jr. Jorge , Muglia Valdair Francisco
Published: May 2022

Abstract Objective: To estimate the frequency of lipid-poor adenomas (LPAs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated adrenal lesions on MRI examinations performed in a total of 2,014 patients between January 2016 and December 2017. After exclusions, the sample comprised 69 patients with 74 proven adenomas. Two readers (reader 1 and reader 2) evaluated lesion size, laterality, homogeneity, signal drop on out-of-phase (OP) images, and the signal intensity index (SII). An LPA was defined as a lesion with no signal drop on OP images and an SII < 16.5%. For 68 lesions, computed tomography (CT) scans (obtained within one year of the MRI) were also reviewed. Results: Of the 69 patients evaluated, 42 (60.8%) were women and 27 (39.2%) were men. The mean age was 59.2 ± 14.1 years. Among the 74 confirmed adrenal adenomas evaluated, the mean lesion size was 18.5 ± 7.7 mm (range, 7.0-56.0 mm) for reader 1 and 21.0 ± 8.3 mm (range, 7.0-55.0 mm) for reader 2 (p = 0.055). On the basis of the signal drop in OP MRI sequences, both readers identified five (6.8%) of the 74 lesions as being LPAs. When determined on the basis of the SII, that frequency was three (4.0%) for reader 1 and four (5.4%) for reader 2. On CT, 21 (30.8%) of the 68 lesions evaluated were classified as LPAs. Conclusion: The prevalence of LPA was significantly lower on MRI than on CT. That prevalence tends to be even lower when the definition of LPA relies on a quantitative analysis rather than on a qualitative (visual) analysis.
Focal incidental upper abdominal findings on unenhanced chest computed tomography that do not require further imaging: a roadmap for the thoracic radiologist
Authors: Pavan Henrique , Garcia Tiago Severo , Torres Felipe Soares , Gazzoni Fernando Ferreira , Folador Luciano , Ghezzi Caroline Lorenzoni Almeida
Published: May 2022

Abstract Chest scans usually include the upper abdomen, leading radiologists to evaluate the upper abdominal structures. The aim of this article is to summarize the most common incidental upper abdominal findings that do not require further imaging or management in patients undergoing unenhanced computed tomography of the chest for the investigation of thoracic symptoms or diseases. We review common incidental findings of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, adrenal glands, kidney, and retroperitoneum, as well as findings that mimic other lesions. Thoracic radiologists should be aware of such typical findings and report when no further investigation is needed, thus avoiding unnecessary imaging examinations, protecting patients from additional medical interventions, and allaying patient concerns.
FUNDACIÓN Y CAUSALIDAD
Authors: Alvarado José Tomás
Published: May 2022

RESUMEN Trabajos recientes han propuesto un tratamiento de la fundación “a la imagen de la causalidad”. Hay importantes analogías entre la fundación y la causalidad: ambas parecen ser relaciones de ‘construcción’, ambas parecen ser órdenes estrictos y ambas parecen ser representables por modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (cf. Schaffer, 2016; Wilson, 2018). Pero también parece que hay importantes diferencias, porque la causalidad es usualmente considerada como una relación externa, mientras que la fundación es interna; hay casos de causalidad probabilística, pero no hay nada como una fundación probabilística; la fundación se considera una relación ‘bien fundada’, pero no la causalidad; la fundación implica superveniencia ontológica, pero no la causalidad. Se argumenta aquí que la mayoría de estas supuestas diferencias están motivadas por una concepción humeana de la causalidad en la que no hay conexiones necesarias entre causa y efecto. Una perspectiva no humeana de la causalidad, sin embargo, hace que la unificación de la fundación y la causalidad sea mucho más razonable que cualquier tratamiento separado.
FRANCIS BACON Y RENÉ DESCARTES ACERCA DEL DOMINIO DE LA NATURALEZA, LA AUTOCONSERVACIÓN Y LA MEDICINA*
Authors: Manzo Silvia
Published: May 2022

RESUMEN Francis Bacon y René Descartes han sido presentados tradicionalmente como pioneros de corrientes filosóficas opuestas entre sí. Sin embargo, son cada vez más los estudios que muestran importantes continuidades entre sus filosofías. Este artículo explora una de ellas: sus perspectivas sobre la medicina. El dominio sobre la naturaleza y el instinto de autoconservación son los elementos centrales del marco teórico dentro del cual se inserta su valoración de la medicina como la disciplina más destacada por sus beneficios para el cuidado del ser humano. A partir de ahí son muchas sus coincidencias acerca del estatus, la práctica y la reforma de la medicina.
VIRADA ICÔNICA E FENOMENOLOGIA DA CONSCIÊNCIA DE IMAGEM: CONSIDERAÇÕES EM RETORNO ÀS ANÁLISES DE EDMUND HUSSERL E SUA FACETA SEMIÓTICA
Authors: Serra Alice Mara
Published: May 2022

RESUMO Este texto discute alguns problemas metodológicos e históricos concernentes à fenomenologia da consciência de imagem (Phänomenologie des Bildbewusstseins) elaborada por Edmund Husserl e algumas de suas repercussões teóricas. Primeiramente será tematizado o escopo mais amplo em que a abordagem filosófica das imagens auferiu relevância no século XX, a saber, a assim chamada “virada icônica” (ikonische Wenke) ou “pictórica” (pictorial turn), conforme as respectivas formulações de Gottfried Boehm e William Mitchell. Será situada nesse contexto a fenomenologia da imagem e, mais especificamente, a fenomenologia da consciência de imagem elaborada por Husserl, considerando-se, em especial, os eixos norteadores dos três direcionamentos que sobressaem nas teorias contemporâneas da imagem, a saber: as abordagens antropológica, semiótica e perceptiva. A partir da retomada de nuances semióticas remanescentes na fenomenologia da consciência de imagem, serão apresentados alguns pontos críticos acerca da classificação das análises de Husserl no escopo do direcionamento perceptivo e, finalmente, apontadas implicações do copertencimento à apresentação intuitiva da imagem (anschaulicher Darstellung des Bildes) daquilo que se denominará “circunstancialidade indicativa”.
Jeux vidéo: Espace pour la (proto)construction dans et par le Rorschach
Authors: Boaventura Sara Lago de São , Gomes Ema Filipa Coias , Ladeiro Nuno André Peres Palos , Miranda Tiago Filipe Pontes Catela de , Sardinha Joana Amélia Maio , Cunha Isabel Maria Gonzalez Duarte da
Published: May 2022

Les jeux vidéo sont une réalité de la culture d’aujourd’hui. Cet article est basé sur un échantillon de neuf protocoles de Rorschach appliques à de jeunes adultes qui sont des joueurs actifs. Les résultats du Rorschach montrent une difficulté à bien appréhender la réalité, une dynamique affective introvertie et un niveau élevé d’angoisse —des caractéristiques liées à un mouvement psychique où se posent des questions de force et d’autorité (I et IV), des arsenaux de guerre (VII), avec inscription dans des relations affectives (II et III) ou des logiques régressives (VIII, IX et X). Cette étude nous a permis de construire un (proto)virtuel, avec de nouveaux Avatars au Rorschach, une construction tridimensionnelle qui entrelace le réel et le virtuel, dans un domaine de la projection sur la perception, où le (proto)mentale est (re)signifié.
De objeto da pulsão a objeto-fonte da pulsão: um imperativo epistemológico
Authors: Ferraz Flávio Carvalho
Published: May 2022

A sexualidade humana, no que se refere à identidade sexual e à escolha de objeto, situa-se no campo do psíquico, ou seja, da pulsão, expressando-se pela fantasia. Sua instalação é precoce, ocorrida ao tempo da sedução da criança pelo adulto, num tempo complexo que conjuga fundação do inconsciente, nascimento da pulsão e instalação do objeto a partir de fora, na chamada situação antropológica fundamental. Como já demonstrado pelo fracasso nas tentativas científicas de encontro de determinantes genéticas para a identidade sexual, o discurso a incidir sobre a sexualidade humana sai definitivamente do campo do natural rumo ao campo do psíquico. Tal constatação implicou, a partir da psicanálise, um remanejamento na própria esfera da epistemologia, de modo análogo à revolução que a antropologia já havia operado ao definir objeto da cultura também fora do campo da natureza.
An unusual case of femoral arteriovenous fistula associated with acute limb ischemia following femoral vein catheterization for hemodialysis
Authors: Gooneratne Thushan , Chanaka Kankam Arrachchige Nuwan , Wijeyaratne Serosha Mandika
Published: May 2022

Abstract Co-occurrence of acute limb ischemia (ALI) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as a manifestation of inadvertent arterial injury during percutaneous femoral vein dialysis catheter insertion is a rare and dangerous, but preventable complication. Iatrogenic femoral AVF commonly presents late, with leg swelling or high output cardiac failure. However, the co-occurrence of a femoral AVF with both progressive leg swelling, and acute thromboembolism has not been previously reported. We report the case of an iatrogenic femoral AVF with superficial femoral artery (SFA) thrombosis and distal embolism in a 53-year-old female who underwent percutaneous femoral access for temporary hemodialysis. Both the SFA and AVF were managed with open surgical repair.
Levantamento de Recursos Didáticos para o ensino e aprendizagem de Cosmologia
Authors: Gonçalves P.C.S. , Horvath J.E. , Bretones P.S.
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho consiste em um Levantamento de Recursos Didáticos (Resource Letter) para o ensino de Cosmologia do material em português, inspirado nas iniciativas similares do American Journal of Physics publicadas continuamente há mais de cinco décadas. O material foi coletado após consulta a Teses e Dissertações, artigos de periódicos, Atas de eventos, entre outras fontes especializadas que disponibilizam textos completos. Localizamos 205 pesquisas, que foram organizadas de acordo com ostemas e conteúdos de Cosmologia abordados, bem como classificados conforme o nível educacional a que se dedicaram e o foco temático de interesse. O desenvolvimento histórico da Cosmologia como disciplina científica é brevemente apresentado. A proposta é que esse material coletado e organizado possa ser uma base de consulta no que diz respeito ao que tem sido produzido no Brasil, no período aproximado dos últimos 30 anos, para auxiliar o trabalho educacional da área, servindo de base para a construção de sequências didaticas e atividades ad hocà medida das necessidades específicas do professor. Para estes fins, uma seleção de trabalhos para cada conteúdo e uma apreciação crítica da literatura e o ensino em geral foram introduzidos.
Ultrasound assessment of sheep stifle joint undergone lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis
Authors: Souza Michel Felipe Soares , Borges Naida Cristina , Bittar Isabela Plaza , Neves Carla Amorim , Silva Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da , Franco Leandro Guimarães , Silva Marco Augusto Machado
Published: May 2022

Abstract Synovitis can be induced in animals through the application of bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide and has similar signs to naturally-occurring synovitis. Several studies have been using the sheep species as an experimental model to understand osteoarticular diseases of the femorotibiopatellar (FTP) joint in humans. There are echographic studies on the standardization of normality of the femorotibiopatellar joint in sheep. However, there is a gap in the literature for changes such as acute synovitis. The objective was to serially describe the sonographic aspects of the synovitis process induced by intra-articular infiltration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide in the femorotibiopatellar joint of sheep. Twelve healthy crossbred sheep (Santa Inês x Dorper) were used. Induction of synovitis was performed only in the right FTP joints, which were serially evaluated using ultrasound examination at baseline moment (M0) and 12 (M12), 24 (M24), 48 (M48), 72 (M72), and 120 (M120) hours after lipopolysaccharide infiltration for synovitis induction. Intra-articular application of E. coli lipopolysaccharide resulted in one or more echographic signs of synovitis (increased synovial fluid volume, folding of the synovial membrane, and cellularity in the joint cavity), which were identified early, 12 hours after inoculation, and regressed over the evaluated times (p=0.0001) until disappearing after 120 hours of inoculation.
Practical diet with total replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal for Nile tilapia: growth performance and health effects
Authors: Stockhausen Larissa , Vilvert Maiara Petri , Silva Morgana da , Dartora Amanda , Krainz Renata , Ferreira Giulia Beatrice , Silva Laura Rafaela da , Jatobá Adolfo
Published: May 2022

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and animal health in juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed a practical diet with total replacement of fishmeal (FM) by soybean meal, as well the effect on survival, following pathogenic challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Two hundred juveniles of Nile tilapia were stored in 8 tanks (800 L). The experiment consisted of two treatments: a commercial diet formulated with FM (control) and a practical diet with total replacement of FM by soybean meal (SM). The variables of water quality, zootechnical and hematological parameters were measured. In addition, at the end of the experiment, the fish were submitted to a challenge with A. hydrophila. Higher cost per kg of fish was obtained in the control treatment (with FM). N retention was higher in fish fed a diet without FM, while hematological, immunological parameters and survival after the experimental challenge did not differ between treatments. It is possible to reduce dietary costs by replacing FM with SM without affecting growth performance or animal health, in addition to benefiting the environment by reducing the excretion of N in water.
Dieta prática com substituição total da farinha de peixe por farelo de soja para tilápia-do-nilo: desempenho de crescimento e efeitos na saúde
Authors: Stockhausen Larissa , Vilvert Maiara Petri , Silva Morgana da , Dartora Amanda , Krainz Renata , Ferreira Giulia Beatrice , Silva Laura Rafaela da , Jatobá Adolfo
Published: May 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de crescimento e saúde em juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentados com dieta prática com substituição total da farinha de peixe (FP) por farelo de soja (FS), bem como o efeito na sobrevivência, após desafio patogênico com Aeromonas hydrophila. Duzentos juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo foram alojados em 8 tanques (800 L). O experimento consistiu de dois tratamentos: dieta comercial formulada com FP (controle) e dieta prática com substituição total do FP pelo FS. Foram mensuradas as variáveis de qualidade da água, parâmetros zootécnicos e hematológicos. Além disso, ao final do experimento, os peixes foram submetidos a um desafio com A. hydrophila. Maior custo por kg de peixe foi obtido no tratamento controle (com FP). A retenção de N foi maior nos peixes alimentados com dieta sem FP, enquanto os parâmetros hematológicos, imunológicos e a sobrevivência após o desafio experimental não diferiram entre os tratamentos. É possível reduzir os custos dietéticos substituindo a FP pelo FS sem afetar o desempenho do crescimento e a saúde do animal, além de beneficiar o meio ambiente ao reduzir a excreção de N na água.
“O Carlos teve azar, foi o primeiro da lista”: reflexões sobre a repressão em Moçambique a partir da relação entre mídia e rap
Authors: Mendonça Júnior Francisco Carlos Guerra de
Published: May 2022

Resumo Este artigo analisa a repressão no cenário de Moçambique, país de língua oficial portuguesa, localizado na África Austral, tendo como objeto de estudo a relação entre a mídia e a música rap. O artigo apresenta o papel do rap como ferramenta contra-hegemônica e folkcomunicacional, que se contrapõe aos interesses das elites políticas globais e discute temas não debatidos na mídia. O trabalho também analisa o controle da mídia em Moçambique, discutindo aspectos históricos e suas configurações na atualidade. A partir disso, mostra casos de censura a músicas que contrapõem a história oficial e questionam o sistema político. As músicas analisadas são País da Marrabenta, de 2002, e As Mentiras da Verdade, de 2006, que foram censuradas pela Rádio Cidade de Maputo, de ordem estatal. Além de questionar problemas sociais, essas músicas põem em questão a possibilidade de haver a participação de dirigentes da Frelimo, partido no poder, na morte do primeiro presidente do país, Samora Machel, no ano de 1986, e no assassinato do jornalista investigativo Carlos Cardoso, ocorrido em 2000.
Do Flow, Enjoyment and Anxiety emerge equally in English Foreign Language Classrooms as in other Foreign Language Classrooms?
Authors: Dewaele Jean-Marc , MacIntyre Peter
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT The present study focused on differences in intensity of Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE), Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA), and proportion of time in a state of flow among 761 English FL learners and 825 FL learners of Languages Other Than English (LOTE). Participants in the LOTE group reported significantly higher levels of FLE and a higher proportion of class time in a state of flow, as well as lower levels of FLCA than the EFL group - although the effect size was very small. This suggests that the global status and prestige of English does not mean that learners around the world enjoy the classes more, spend more time in a state of flow or experience less anxiety. The relationships between FLE, FLCA and proportion of class time in a state of flow were also found to be higher in the LOTE group, suggesting stronger emotional involvement.
Associação entre supervisão parental, vitimização e perpetração de bullying em adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015
Authors: Figueira Marcelle de Paula , Okada Letícia Martins , Leite Tatiana Henriques , Azeredo Catarina Machado , Marques Emanuele Souza
Published: May 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre características de supervisão parental e diferentes papéis de bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis, conhecimento sobre o tempo livre e verificação dos deveres de casa foram as práticas parentais avaliadas. Utilizou-se regressão logística para associação entre essas práticas e bullying (perpetração e vitimização), apresentada como razão de odds (RO) e intervalos de confianças de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre 102.072 escolares, a realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis [ROvitim = 0,86 (IC95% 0,84;0,89); ROperp = 0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)], a verificação dos deveres de casa [ROvitim = 0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ROperp= 0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] e o conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis sobre o tempo livre dos escolares [ROperp = 0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] foram inversamente associadas ao bullying. Conclusão: Maior supervisão parental reduziu a chance de vitimização e perpetração do bullying entre adolescentes escolares.
Social Difference and the Common Good: An Experiment on the Effect of Group Salience on Citizen Deliberation
Authors: Khoban Zohreh
Published: May 2022

Mini-publics, such as citizens' assemblies and citizens' juries, typically invite a small number of citizens to deliberate on a political issue. To ensure the inclusion of different social groups, scholars usually suggest stratified or quota sampling. However, given that the sampling method is known to selected participants, such measures not only secure the presence of individuals from different social groups; they also emphasize the salience of social group differences. Since the deliberative process involves both highlighting and transcending differences, this paper explores whether the emphasis on social group difference associated with stratified and quota sampling triggers a trade-off between expectations of observing and acknowledging differences, on the one hand, and expectations of humble communication and reflexivity in deliberation, on the other hand. The main finding is that emphasizing group differences raises expectations of observing and acknowledging differences without lowering the prospect of humble communication and reflexivity.
Aflatoxin contamination in dairy feed during wet and dry seasons in selected rural areas of Sidama zone in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wubshet Tefera , Gerd Elisabeth Vegarud , Mestawet Taye , Tolosa Taye
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted in the southern region of Ethiopia. The objectives were to assess the occurrence and level of aflatoxin B1 contamination in dairy cow feeds. The analytical technique used was Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze +the season and location interaction effect. Laboratory analysis showed that 81.2% of the feed samples had a detectable level of AFB1 within the range of 0.067-29.69 µg/kg and with an average of 7.91±5.83 µg/kg. From the positive samples, 52.5 and 4.58% of the feed sample were above EU (5 µg/kg) and USA (20 µg/kg) limits for dairy cattle feed respectively. Average AFB1 concentration during the dry season (8.74± 5.6 µg/kg) is significantly higher (P<0.05) than wet season (7.02± 5.86 µg/kg). This result implies that sustainable good practices should be maintained for all feed harvesting, storage, and feeding practices by feed producers and dairy farmers regarding aflatoxin contamination.
Preparation of BSA complexed free fatty acids for in vitro studies v1
Authors: Ghislain Julien , Poitout Vincent , CT Tremblay Caroline
Published: May 2022

This protocol describes the steps to prepare a fatty acid:BSA complex in cell culture media. It is suitable for the treatment of primary tissue (eg. isolated islets) and cell lines in ex vivo culture. Briefly, fatty acid stock solutions are prepared and complexed with BSA prior to dilution in culture media. Final fatty acid concentrations range from 0.125 to 0.5 mM. We recommend replacing the fatty acid mixture once each day throughout the treatment.
Region velocity estimation and visulization with seurat v1
Authors: Chen Chen. Zhang Chen
Published: May 2022

Example pipeline of region velocity estimation and visulization of steady-state model and dynamical model using EM algorithm in R with Seurat to pretreat scRNA-seq data
Challenges in Translating Scientific Texts: Problems and Reasons
Authors: Al-Smadi Hadeel M.
Published: May 2022

The demand for scientific and technical translation has increased because of the rapid scientific and technological development in developed countries and the need to spread these sciences and technologies in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the main problems encountered by translators in translating scientific texts from English into Arabic and reveal the main reasons behind these problems. In this study, a qualitative research design is applied, and the sample of this study consists of one scientific text with (938 words) translated by twenty BA students. The study reveals that translators faced lexical and syntactic problems while translating scientific text, such as word diction, preciseness, terminological consistency, word order (markedness), agreement, tense and aspect, and passive structure. Moreover, the study shows that a lack of translators' experience in this domain, students' total dependence on a literal translation, and the lack of awareness of the sensitivity of scientific texts are some of the most important reasons for these problems.
A Change in Saudi Attitudes From Use of Euphemism to Taboo: A Sociolinguistic Study
Authors: Alqahtani Salma M. , Busabaa Najat A. , Salih Hala M. O.
Published: May 2022

For this paper, we studied the use of linguistic taboo words in Saudi Arabian society. Three main taboo topics were addressed in the current study: the use of taboo words in social contexts, the use of taboo sex words, and the use of taboo swear words. A randomly chosen sample of 253 Saudi females from two different age groups participated in the study. A closed-ended multiple-choice questionnaire was used to collect the data. The findings provided considerable insights into the behavior of Saudi society. Saudi society rarely uses taboo words. The strategy people use to avoid using taboo language is euphemism; sex topics, for instance, which may be overtly discussed in some cultures, are prohibited in Saudi culture. The findings also revealed that Saudi society is too sensitive to the use of swear words because they are culturally and religiously prohibited, though they were occasionally used by younger female participants. In general, this study showed that although the Saudi society is a conservative society, the younger generations of Saudi females are moving slowly toward making linguistic changes in society.
Metacognitive Knowledge in Performing a Speaking Task: A Report From High and Low Proficient Thai University Students
Authors: Thawarom Thiwaporn , Wilang Jeffrey D. , Singhasiri Wareesiri
Published: May 2022

This study analyzes the use of metacognitive knowledge in performing a speaking task between high-proficient and low-proficient university students. The data was collected by employing stimulated recall interviews from 34-first year students. The data was coded deductively by using metacognitive knowledge frameworks. The results showed that the students employed all types of metacognitive knowledge in their speaking. Both high-proficient and low-proficient students prominently manifested strategy knowledge such as vocabulary strategies, planning strategies and problem-solving strategies. However, the high-proficient students were found to use some strategies differently from the low-proficient students. The high-proficient students showed the highest percentage of task knowledge, while the low-proficient students displayed the lowest percentage. The former group clearly showed understanding of the purpose, nature and difficulty of the task, which could influence the task management. Both groups exhibited person knowledge at a low percentage. While the high-proficient students were found to depict knowledge that facilitated their learning and speaking, the low-proficient students were concerned about variables such as limited vocabulary knowledge and grammatical deficiency that inhibited their learning and speaking. The finding implies the importance of raising metacognitive knowledge to accomplish learning tasks.
Speaking Challenges in a Life Skill Program for Islamic Boarding School Students: A Case Study
Authors: Holandyah Muhamad , Marzulina Lenny , Erlina Dian , Harto Kasinyo , Amalia Fitri , Fridiyanto Fridiyanto , Mukminin Amirul
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to explore students’ speaking challenges in a life skill program at an Islamic boarding school - Al-Fahd, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Through using a qualitative case study, we collected data by using in-depth interviews with participants at the research site. Our qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analyses by identifying, describing, organizing, and reporting them within a set of data in the form of themes. We structured our discussion around their viewpoints and the settings in which challenges they met appear. An exploration of the manuscripts or data revealed that major themes related to facing language boundaries, enjoying using mother tongue, coping with psychological issues, looking for interesting topics of conversation. The results of the study indicated that students were challenged by a variety of issues that had prevented them from having a good speaking skill in English although they were involving in a life skill program. Teachers and school leaders should provide them with a well-designed program in order to prepare them to face real life situations after finishing their program.
Comparing English Language Learners’ Perceptions of How Reliable Computer-Based, Teacher-Based, and Peer Feedback Is: A Case Study
Authors: Alnasser Suliman M. N.
Published: May 2022

The literature emphasises the role of feedback (FB) in writing development, leading to explorations of different types of FB to provide, such as teacher-based FB (TBF), peer feedback (PF) and computer-based feedback (CBF). This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate EFL learners’ perceptions of the reliability of TBF, PF and CBF. The participants (n = 40) were Saudi male EFL students in a BA English programme at a Saudi university. The study employed an experimental group (n = 21) and a control group (n = 19). For data collection, pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were administered. The intervention exposed the participants to giving and receiving PF and introduced them to CBF. Following training in providing PF and using the automated system, the participants went through four cycles of writing during which they developed four essays; with each essay, PF and CBF were employed to produce multiple drafts. The main findings indicated that TBF was perceived to be the most reliable type of FB, and that CBF was considered more reliable than PF. Additionally, our findings suggest that the more students are exposed to CBF, the more likely they are to accept it. Pedagogical implications arising from these findings are also discussed.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease or Lymphoma?
Authors: YILDIRIM Sema , AŞIK Ayşe , ÇOBANOĞLU ŞİMŞEK Bengü , BOZKURT Ayşe
Published: May 2022

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare, idiopathic and usually self-limiting disease caused by lymphadenitis. The main symptoms are lymphadenopathy and fever, and less frequent symptoms are night sweats, arthralgia, weight loss and rashes. A case of a 16 years old boy is presented. His complaints were cervical mass presenting for about three weeks, night sweats, weight loss and fatigue. Our aim is that in the differential diagnosis of fever and lymphadenopathy of unknown origin, diseases such as lymphoma and tuberculosis, as well as rare and mostly very benign Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease should be remembered.
Nonmedicamental psychoemotional correction in the rehabilitation of patients after cerebral insult
Authors: Chernikova L. A. , Kadykov A. S. , Toropova N. G. , Kashina E. M. , Razinkina T. P.
Published: May 2022

The comparative analysis of results of the treatment of two groups of patient after insult and with psychoemotional stress syndrome is performed. The traditional combined recovery therapy is performed in patients of the first group, the rehabilitation course in the second groupwhere nonmedicamental methods of psychoemotional correction are used. It is shown that the introduction of the psychoemotional correction methods in the combined treatment provides a reduction of psychoemotional stress, significantly increases the treatment efficacy at the expense of optimization of the psychis aim of patients.
Clinico-stabilographic investigation of eduilibrium disorders in patients of elderly age with chronic vascular cerebral deficiency
Authors: Yakhno N. N. , Zhuchenko T. D. , Podorolsky V. A. , Damulin I. V.
Published: May 2022

As many as 50 patients aged over 60 years suffering from chronic vascular cerebral deficiency with equilibrium disorders are examined. The neurological- ly sharply defined symptomocomplexes explaining the equilibrium disorders and having stabilographic correlators are revealed in 2/3 of the cases. The subclinical patterns of postural instability in patients with various diseases are found in 1/3 of the cases. The stabilographic tests are performed as well as with the use of biologically reverse communication, resulting in rehabilitation measure in definite forms of the equilibrium disorder.
Neuropsychorehabilitation in the information disease
Authors: Chkhikvishvili T. S. , Somundzhyan A. A. , Lonatamishvili N. I.
Published: May 2022

The clinical observations confirming the possibility of the origin and course of the information disease in persons involved in intensive mental work are presented. In psychohygienic snse the necessity to reveal the etiologic factors of the disease is well-founded. The complex of exercise therapy and sport game elements is indicated in the treatment and rehabilitation.
Anticipation training in psychologic rehabilitation of oncologic patients
Authors: Mendelevich V. D.
Published: May 2022

Based on the clinicopsychopathologic examination of patients after radical operations on uterus, ovaries and lactiferous as to oncologic diseases, the results of the use of a new method of psychologic rehabilitation are given. The comparative investigations of the efficacy of anticipation training (a group of 23 patients) and traditional suggestive psychotherapy (a group of 25 patients) manifest the reliably best results using anticipation training. As this takes place, the adaptive model of the psychic status is formed more often, whereas after hypnosis and heterotraining deadaptive models, namely, psycho- genetic, somatopsychic and psychoendocrinic.
Deautomatization of motions as a principle of rehabilitation in the acute period of osteochondrosis
Authors: Popelyansky Y. Y.
Published: May 2022

Based on the analysis of the clinical es- sense of osteochondrosis and concrete - illustration, an important principle of rehabilitation in the acute period of osteochondrosis deautomatization of motility, permanent control-, formation of protective dynamic stereotypes by the physician is postulated.
Early treatment of newborns with birth injury of the cervical part of vertebral column and spinal cord
Authors: Livshits L. Y. , Sholomov I. I.
Published: May 2022

The various forms of the clinical manifestation of the disease, the peculiarities of the course of combined injury of spinal cord and brain are revealed in 302 newborns with vertebrospinal injury on the cervical level being observable. The early medical rehabilitation of patients begins from the birth and involves the performance of nondifferentiated and differentiated therapy allowing to reduce lethality and improVe the results of the treatment.
New approaches to the diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with bekhterev’s disease
Authors: Nikonova L. V. , Davletshin A. K. , Kapkov V. M. , Shchukina N. I.
Published: May 2022

The peculiarities of microcirculation and peripher hemodynamics in patients with Bekhterevs disease depending on the form and clinical picture are analysed. The complexes of rehabilitation measures using laser radiation, alternating magnetic field, decimetric wave band therapy are developed. The statistically reliable efficacy of the treatment methods proposed is established. A good medical effect is possible only in regular prescription of the combined treatment using laser radiation, alternating magnetic field and extremely high frequencies, decimetric wave band therapy.
Clinico-electromyographic estimation of hypertonic muscles in extension Contracture of the knee joint
Authors: Khabirov F. A. , Galyamov D. L. , Popelyansky Y. Y.
Published: May 2022

The clinical and electromyographic examination of musculi quadriceps femoris is performed in 13 patients with extension contractures of the knee joints. The correlation between the pronounced hypotrophy, hypertension and denervational process stage in the muscle is revealed. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the formation of hypertension of the muscles in passive contracture are considered.
Electrophysiologic study of denervational and reinnervational changes of synaptic functions in the skeletal muscle
Authors: Zefirov A. L. , Kurtasanov R. S. , Zemskova S. N.
Published: May 2022

The mechanisms of change of the neuromuscular synapse function, in the process of denervation and reinnervation are investigated in xperiments on skin and sternal muscles of frogs using electrophysiologic and morphologic methods. It is shown that denervational and reinnervational changes are concerned just as with pre- and so with postsynaptic membranes. Postsynaptic changes are connected with change of cholinoreceptors density and substitution of normal ones for cholinoreceptors typical of the denervational muscle, and presynaptic changes are defined by ion channels degradation in denervation followed by fitting them into thenerve ending membrane in reinnervation. The density of ion channels responsible for the formation and performance of action potential, the entry of calcium ions and mediator secretion is identical in the course of the regenerating nerve ending distinguishing it from the normal one. Calcium-activated potassium channels fit in the end reinnervation stages.
The value of functional diagnostics for the rehabilitation of persons with emerging cerebrovascular insufficiency with mental disorders
Authors: Gavenko V. L. , Sinaiko V. M.
Published: May 2022

We conducted a prospective epidemiological study of an organized population of students (2500 people) in order to study the dynamics of psychological and mental changes in practically healthy individuals who are under constant exposure to adverse socio-psychological factors. To assess the influence of age and environmental factors on the formation of mental health, an organized group of high school students (300 people) was also examined.
State of the autonomic nervous system in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Matveeva T. V. , Payuk L. I.
Published: May 2022

In recent years, to explain the mechanisms of development of multiple sclerosis (MS), special attention has been paid to the study of defense systems and much less to other systems of homeostasis, in particular, the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). At the same time, it is she who plays the leading role in providing adaptation mechanisms. Available information about the role of the ANS in the mechanisms of development of MS is either scarce or contradictory.
"Psychic" proprioceptive diagnostics
Authors: Popelyansky A. Y.
Published: May 2022

The so-called physical examination involves an attempt to assess the patient's condition using fairly accurate readings of the doctor's analyzers and sensors of various devices. The truth of these indications is so high that they are considered to be the results of an objective study. It is well known that diagnostics, primarily topical, is especially accurate in neurology due to the objectivity of information about the classical pathways and centers of the brain.
Features of the clinic and diagnosis of pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Vasilevskaya O. V.
Published: May 2022

Facial pain is a common complaint of patients who visit doctors of various specialties: dentists, neurologists, otorhinolaryngologists. One of the causes of this pathology is prosoialgia, caused by musculo-fascicular pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, which, according to a number of authors, is about 110% of all facial pains.
Нуреrsensitivity pneumonitis combined with arterial hypertension: clinical, radiological, functional features
Authors: Medvedev A. V. , Abubikirov A. F. , Zaitseva A. S. , Mazaeva L. A. , Makaryants N. N. , Shmeleva N. M. , Shmelev E. I.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to explore the clinical, radiological, functional indicators of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in combination with arterial hypertension, to assess the effect of these diseases on each other.

Methods. The study included 50 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and 49 patients with arterial hypertension (AH). The patients were divided into three groups. The main group included 24 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis combined with AH. The comparison group was 26 patients with HP without AH; the control group was 25 patients with arterial hypertension alone. Clinical symptoms, radiological findings, and results of instrumental tests were analyzed.

Results. The intensity of clinical symptoms (shortness of breath, cough) was significantly higher in the main group than in the control and comparison groups. Exercise tolerance estimated from the six-minute walk test was significantly lower in the main group. The clinical status correlated with the functional test

Results. Volumetric and velocity spirometry values tended to decrease more in the main group compared to the other two groups. The lung diffusion capacity was significantly lower in the group of patients with HP in combination with AH compared to the group of patients with hypertension only. A similar trend was observed when assessing the chest CT: significantly more pronounced changes were found in the main group. EchoCG showed a significant increase in pulmonary hypertension and volumes of the right heart in the main group compared to the group of patients with AH alone.

Conclusion. The present study provides evidence of the greater intensity of respiratory symptoms, decreased functional status, ventilation disorders, dilated heart cavities, greater risk of fatal vascular complications in patients with HP associated with hypertension.
Antimicrobial activity of serum of cystic fibrosis patients before and after lung transplantation
Authors: Arzumanyan V. G. , Ozhovan I. M. , Polishchuk V. B. , Kostinov M. P. , Ryzhov A. A. , Blagovidov D. V.
Published: May 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic congenital disease characterized by chronic bronchopulmonary infection of bacterial and fungal origins. Numerous antimicrobial peptides (AMP) play a special role in humoral immunity in CF patients. Each AMP was characterized in detail earlier. A new method has been developed recently in the Russian Federation for estimation of the cumulative antimicrobial activity of all AMPs in different bioliquids.

The aim of the study was the application of this method for the estimation of antimicrobial activity of whole sera and the AMP-containing low molecular serum fractions in patients with CF before and after lung transplantation.

Methods. Sera from 11 CF patients of 24 – 33 years old obtained before and after lung transplantation were used in the study. Antimicrobial activities of the whole serum and its fractions with the molecular mass under 100 kDa were estimated by the effect of the specimens on Candida albicans test culture cells and by spectrophotometric assay of dye, which was internalized by the killed cells, as compared to the control untreated cells.

Results. The total serum activity and AMP fractions activity in patients with CF were lower than in the healthy volunteers (medians): 82.3% vs 87.8 % (p ≤ 0.01) and 17.2% vs 41.9% (p ≤ 0.01). After the lung transplantation, both activities increased to 84.5% vs 33.3%, respectively. The improvement of AMP fractions activity was observed during 12 months after the transplantation. Serum albumin levels were lower in CF patients as compared to the reference values but normalized after lung transplantation.

Conclusion. Obviously, the activity of the serum components of humoral immunity, which are responsible for direct antimicrobial defense, is decreased in CF patients compared to the reference values. The lung transplantation increased their activity considerably.
Cough associated with the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): rational approaches to pharmacotherapy
Authors: Okovityi S. V. , Sukhanov D. S. , Zaicev A. A.
Published: May 2022

Cough is one of the most frequent symptoms of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). It reduces the quality of life and contributes to the development of life-threatening conditions.

Aim. This article analyzes modern approaches to the pharmacotherapy of cough in patients with the new coronavirus infection from the standpoint of pathogenetic justification of the use of drugs. The main mechanisms of cough development in COVID-19 presented in the literature are considered. The cough is associated with virus-induced damage to the epithelium and subsequent release of biologically active substances that irritate the afferent endings of the vagus nerve. Approaches to cough management in COVID-19 with the possible use of antitussive (central and peripheral action) and mucoactive drugs (expectorants, mucokinetics, mucolytics, mucoregulators) are addressed.

Conclusion. Based on the literature data and pathogenesis, antitussive drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of cough in COVID-19.
Sepsis: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a patient with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vilkov I. I. , Blinova M. M.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To demonstrate the course of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a patient with decompensation of type 1 diabetes mellitus, to describe the applicable treatment. This case is relevant because of high mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by sepsis and multiple organ failure. The mortality is especially high when acute respiratory distress syndrome develops.

Results. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with diabetes mellitus complicated by acute kidney injury, hospital-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The approach to treatment of multiple organ failure is also described.

Conclusion. Life support and intensive therapy (mechanical ventilation, regular tracheobronchial debridement, hemodiafiltration, and combined drug therapy, including drugs with hyaluronidase activity) led to successful resolution of sepsis in this patient.
Atherosclerosis in Animals is a Separate Type of Atherosclerosis that has Nothing to do with the Two Types of Atherosclerosis in Humans
Authors: Rusanov Sergey
Published: May 2022

The article is presented in the form of a review and analysis of the literature, which additionally helps to reveal the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the development of atherosclerosis in humans. A contemporary vision is refuted that animal models of atherosclerosis are completely similar to the two types of human atherosclerotic lesions. The use of incorrect information about the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions in humans reduces and even completely interferes with the possibility to carry out effective treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis. The two types of human atherosclerotic plaques have very different characteristics compared to atherosclerotic plaques in animals. They have a completely different etiology, pathogenesis, have a completely different appearance and location relative to the artery wall, have a different structure of the fibrous cap, a different pathway of LDL and macrophages, a different location of lipid core, a different way and time of arterial occlusion, a different type of endothelial dysfunction, they interact in totally different way with the walls of the artery and still have many additional differences that make both human atherosclerotic lesions completely different from atherosclerotic lesion in animals. Types IV atherosclerotic lesions consist of one lipid core with molten extracellular lipid. Type V atherosclerotic lesions type is a long, concentric, soft, strong, elastic, yellow, uniform structure. Due to the large number of inconsistencies between atherosclerotic lesions in animals and the two types of atherosclerotic lesions in humans, it is neither possible nor reasonable to use animal models to study the development of atherosclerotic lesions in humans. The plaques appear in the lumen of the artery in just a few days, in places of a sharp narrowing of the artery caused by hyperstimulation of the nervous system. The plaques consist of LDL, which were glued together with fibrin filaments. It also doesn't allow to detect a very simple mechanism accountable for the pathological increase in LDL levels in people who do not have genetic abnormalities. This mechanism proposed by the author is described in the first article dedicated to the type V atherosclerotic lesions (“Cylindrical cholesterol plaque”).