bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional transition metal halide PdX
2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I): A promising candidate of bipolar magnetic semiconductors
Authors: Chen 陈 Miao-Miao 苗苗 , Li 李 Sheng-Shi 胜世 , Ji 纪 Wei-Xiao 维霄 , Zhang 张 Chang-Wen 昌文
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with bipolar magnetism show great promise in spintronic applications. Manipulating carriers’ spin-polarized orientation in bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) requires a gate voltage, but that is volatile. Recently, a new method has been proposed to solve the problem of volatility by introducing a ferroelectric gate with proper band alignment. In this paper, we predict that the PdX
2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) monolayers are 2D ferromagnetic BMS with dynamic stability, thermal stability, and mechanical stability by first-principles calculations. The critical temperatures are higher than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen and the BMS characteristics are robust against external strains and electric fields for PdCl2 and PdBr2. Then, we manipulate the spin-polarization of PdCl2 and PdBr2 by introducing a ferroelectric gate to enable magnetic half-metal/semiconductor switching and spin-up/down polarization switching control. Two kinds of spin devices (multiferroic memory and spin filter) have been proposed to realize the spin-polarized directions of electrons. These results demonstrate that PdCl2 and PdBr2 with BMS characters can be widely used as a general material structure for spintronic devices.
MatChat: A large language model and application service platform for materials science
Authors: Chen 陈 Zi-Yi 子逸 , Xie 谢 Fan-Kai 帆恺 , Wan 万 Meng 萌 , Yuan 袁 Yang 扬 , Liu 刘 Miao 淼 , Wang 王 Zong-Guo 宗国 , Meng 孟 Sheng 胜 , Wang 王 Yan-Gang 彦棡
Published: October 2023

The prediction of chemical synthesis pathways plays a pivotal role in materials science research. Challenges, such as the complexity of synthesis pathways and the lack of comprehensive datasets, currently hinder our ability to predict these chemical processes accurately. However, recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (GAI), including automated text generation and question–answering systems, coupled with fine-tuning techniques, have facilitated the deployment of large-scale AI models tailored to specific domains. In this study, we harness the power of the LLaMA2-7B model and enhance it through a learning process that incorporates 13878 pieces of structured material knowledge data. This specialized AI model, named MatChat, focuses on predicting inorganic material synthesis pathways. MatChat exhibits remarkable proficiency in generating and reasoning with knowledge in materials science. Although MatChat requires further refinement to meet the diverse material design needs, this research undeniably highlights its impressive reasoning capabilities and innovative potential in materials science. MatChat is now accessible online and open for use, with both the model and its application framework available as open source. This study establishes a robust foundation for collaborative innovation in the integration of generative AI in materials science.
Design optimization of a Dual-Interlocked-Cell in 65 nm CMOS tolerant to Single Event Upsets
Authors: Márquez F. , Palomo F.R. , Muñoz F. , Fougeron D. , Menouni M.
Published: October 2023

Dual-Interlocked-Cell (DICE) latches are tolerant to Single
Event Effects (SEE) by design owing to intrinsic redundancy. In
nanometric technologies, as in the 65 nm scale, there are new SEE
vulnerabilities associated with charge sharing between nodes. Herein
we present a systematic analysis of the robustness against radiation
using a simulation software tool for analog and mixed-signal
circuits (AFTU) that emulates the possible effects generated by
particle impacts. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of SEE on
circuit performance using this tool as an RHbD assessment for
designers. An exhaustive study of the possible vulnerabilities of
the DICE architecture is performed, including an evaluation of the
proximity between critical nodes at the layout level. As a result,
we propose several modifications to the cell implementation to
optimize its robustness against Single Event Upsets (SEU). An
assortment of five designs with different variations of the original
DICE scheme was sent for fabrication on a new chip and tested under
ion beams, with promising results showing a clear improvement in the
SEU sensitivity of the cell. The best results come from a redesign
of the load circuitry to avoid a SET2SEU effect and full interleaved
layout to avoid charge sharing effects after a single event.
The Effect of PVP (Polivinil Pirolidon) and BAP (6-benzylamino purine) on Shoots Induction of Teak Plus Perhutani (Tectona grandis)
Authors: Widhiastuty N S , Anwar S , Rosyida
Published: October 2023

The goal of this study is to see how BAP and PVP concentrations affect in vitro teak shoot induction. The research was carried out at Diponegoro University’s Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, between April and June 2022. The research method was a 4x4 factorial design based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the concentration of PVP (mg.L-1): 0, 110, 220, and 330, and the second was the concentration of BAP (ppm): 0, 1.3, 2.6, and 3.9. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and orthogonal polynomials were used to test the data for variance. The interaction between the 0 mg.L-1 PVP treatment and the 110, 220, and 330 mg.L-1 PVP treatments after the addition of 2.6 ppm BAP had the quickest callus emergence time, with an average of 7 days. PVP treatments of 110 mg.L-1 and 220 mg.L-1 had a significant effect on the shoot length parameter. BAP concentrations of 1.3 and 2.6 ppm were found to increase the shoot length, number of shoots, and number of leaves response parameters. The 1.3 ppm BAP treatment also reduced browning by 17% in the explants. There was no effect of PVP or BAP treatments on shoot emergence time, leaf emergence time, or the percentage of explants that formed shoots.
Growth And Production of Lowland Rice Due to Soil Ameliorant Application on Andosol, Mediterranean And Alluvial Soil
Authors: Sumarsono  , Widjajanto D W , Sumekar W
Published: October 2023

Lowland rice production and growth in Andosol, Mediterranean, and Alluvial soil types were observed in the study, both with and without amendments. The investigation was conducted using a plot experiment with a fully randomized design and three replications. L1: Andosol, L2: Mediterranean, and L3: Alluvial soil types made up the primary plots. Land amendments were divided into two subplots: R1 with no amendment and R2 with an amendment. Plant height, shoot and root dry weight, shoot:root ratio, and grain dry weight were the parameters measured. The findings demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) impact of the interaction effect of soil type amendment and bioslurry dose on the development and yield of three rice cultivars. Plant height, shoot dry weight, and grain dry weight with soil amendment were more significant (P<0.05) than without amendment, according to the interaction between soil type and amendment. The amendment application had little effect on the andosol soil. Alluvial soil types had the highest soil amendment response (P<0.05), followed by Mediterranean and Andosols. Based on the experimental findings, the soil enhancer formulation has been suggested for use in rice production, particularly in Mediterranean and Alluvial soils, although additional study is required to develop new formulations for Andosol soils.
Effect of planting material and B1 vitamin during acclimatization on the growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Granola)
Authors: Dini Rahayu N I , Kusmiyati F , Putra Fajrin P
Published: October 2023

The research aimed to evaluate the effect of planting material and B1 vitamins during acclimatization on potato growth. The research was conducted at greenhouse PT. Adhiguna Jaya Laboratory, Central Java - Indonesia. The study used a completely randomized design - factorial 2 x 3 with four replications. The first factor was planting material: cuttings shoot plantlet (H1) and whole plantlet (H2). The second factor was an application of B1 vitamin in growing media : 0 ml. L−1 (M1), 1 ml. L−1 (M2), and 2 ml. L−1 (M3). The results showed that the whole plantlet had a significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves, shoots, and root length than the cuttings shoot planlet. Application of B1 vitamin 1 ml. L−1 at growing media showed the highest effect on roots length. Combination of whole plantlet and concentration B1 vitamin at 1 ml. L−1 - 2 ml. L−1 were increased growth the highest of 95.24% - 100% number of leaves, 2.50% - 3.00% shoots, and 15.82% - 19.90% root length. It can be concluded that the whole plantlet and application of 1 ml. L−1 - 2 ml. L−1 B1 vitamin in growing media during acclimatization increased the growth of potatoes.
Feasibility Study of Hybrid Dryer Utilization to Produce Red Ginger Simplicia in Pekalongan Regency
Authors: Hermansyah H D , Anggraeni D , Mariastuty T E P , Alfa M N , Agusta W , Royanti I , Dyah C K
Published: October 2023

Red ginger simplicia is a dried red ginger product that has been dried in a dryer with the drying temperature and RH set to achieve the standard quality of red ginger simplicia. The BRIN Research Center for Agroindustry investigated the optimization of red ginger drying conditions, which will be used at The Center for Herbal Medicine Services and Scientification (BPSJ) Pekalongan. The purpose of this study is to look into the feasibility of drying red ginger simplicia in a Hybrid Dryer with a batch capacity of 600 kg. According to the analysis, the required investment is Rp2,146,636,667, which will be funded by 60% of loans and 40% of own capital. Furthermore, the NPV is Rp 1,359,672,485, the IRR is 19%, the Net B/C is 1.67, the payback period is 3.88 years, and the Break-Even Point for production is 10,275.63 kg simplicia. The inclusion of sensitivity analysis in this feasibility study is thought to sharpen information on how sensitive the change in the feasibility value in the use of hybrid dryers in the production of red ginger simplicia is due to changes in several business parameters. This plan, however, must be supported by the continued availability of raw materials that meet the standard.
The Application Integrated Farming System and The Role of Farmer Group
Authors: Sumekar W , Mardiningsih D , Eddy B T , Prasetyo A S , Sumarsono
Published: October 2023

The application of the integrated farming system in sustainable agriculture has proven to be beneficial for farmers. However, the limitation of landowner and dairy cattle results in farming practices have been conducted separately. The aim of the research was to analyze the roles of farmer groups in encouraging farmers in implementing the integrated farming system. Data was collected using interviews with guided questionnaires to 36 farmers from the Dairy Farmer Group of ‘Mardi Santoso’ in Kopeng Village, Getasan Sub-District, Semarang Regency. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify the relationship between the variable of the role of the farmer group and the implementation of an integrated farming system using 4 indicators (food, feed, fertilizer, and fuel). The result showed that farmers were potentially to adopt 4 indicators, yet only 8.33% applied 3 indicators (food, feed, and fertilizer) because the location of their farming field was far from the dairy cow pen and incomplete structure and infrastructure. The four indicators program has created social and economic improvement among farmers, farmer groups, and communities. Meanwhile, the role of farmer groups significantly improved the application of an integrated farming system within the integration of vegetable farming and dairy cattle.
The Role of Beef Cattle in Livestock Sector Development in Pati Regency, Central Java
Authors: Mukson  , Nurfadillah Suryani , Prayoga Kadhung
Published: October 2023

Beef cattle are a strategic commodity that acts as a source of income and savings in the life of farmers. Pati Regency is one of the areas targeted to become beef cattle production centers. The purpose of the study was to analyze the potential and development strategies of Beef Cattle in Pati Regency. This research was conducted on August 2022 in Pati Regency. Data were analyzed using LQ, DLQ and carrying capacity analysis. From the results of the LQ analysis, it was known that beef cattle commodities are classified as bases in 13 sub-districts out of a total of 21 sub-districts in Pati Regency. The value of DLQ indicated that the beef cattle commodity in Pati Regency in the future can still survive as a basic sector. The result showed that beef cattle commodities in Pati Regency had a comparative advantage that can be developed into a leading sector. Pati Regency has a promising level of carrying capacity by 1,874,071 units livestock, which means that the area is capable of developing livestock. The study concluded that beef cattle had a role as basic and prospective commodity in supporting Pati Regency economic development.
The effect of various harvesting techniques and drying methods on the yield and quality of Liberoid coffee
Authors: Firdaus N K , Aunillah A , Pranowo D , Listyati D , Herman M
Published: October 2023

In the upstream process, the dominant factor determines the quality of green coffee beans. Harvest and post-harvest techniques can influence the physical, chemical, and taste qualities by up to 60%. The goal of this study was to see how different harvesting techniques and drying methods affected the yield and quality of Liberoid coffee green beans grown in a dry process. From June to August 2022, the research was carried out at the Agricultural Science Park, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute Sukabumi West Java. The study used a factorial randomized block design, with Liberica and Excelsa coffee as the first factor, various harvesting techniques (cherry and rainbow fruit harvest) as the second factor, and the drying method as the third. There were eight treatment combinations, each of which was repeated three times. According to the findings, all Liberica and Excelsa coffee varieties found the highest yield in the cherry fruit. Furthermore, when compared to direct drying, the decrease in water content and weight loss/day is faster and more evenly distributed when using Hybrid tools. A berry provided the best physical quality and chemical content.
Implementation of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) As a Quality Damage Control for Crepes Products in the Indonesian Food Industry
Authors: Pramono Y B , Mulyani S , Abduh S B M , Dwiloka B , Mustikowati E S , Zahro S A , Susanto F I N
Published: October 2023

Snacks like crepes are fragile and have a dry texture. This study aims to identify the root causes of defective products, examine how SQC procedures were applied, decide how to reduce the number of defective products, and take efforts to raise product quality. Data collection is the first step in the research procedure, then comes data processing. The SQC method consists of check sheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, p-control charts, and fishbone charts. Pareto diagrams were used to assess the results of the crepes product quality, which included flaky tip, size, and crushed flaws. The numbers reported on the check sheet for each defect were 156, 99, and 37 units, respectively. The fishbone diagram displays the factors that contribute to defects, including people, machines, materials, methods, and the environment. The upper control limit is 0.523, the lower control limit is 0.126, and the centre line of the p-control chart is 0.324. Because of fluctuations outside the control region, it may be inferred from this research that the production process for crepe products is not under control. Offering workers on-the-job training to equalize skill levels is one of the strategies to reduce product damage.
Consumer Perception on the Redness and Off Flavor Upon Stored Red Chili Paste with Ozone Treatment
Authors: Al-Baarri A. N. , Hadipernata M. , Hidayat A. A. , Abduh S. B. M. , Nur M. , Mawarid A. A. , Ivana H. , Angelica V. , Zahra P. A. A.
Published: October 2023

Since red chili has a high moisture content and a rapid respiration rate, it is regarded as a perishable item. The redness and scent of the chili can be used to detect a quality decline during storage. It has long been common practice to employ ozone to prevent horticultural products from degrading. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of ozone pretreatment on the redness and scent of chili paste during storage as a quality indicator of customer perception level. Red chilies were treated by soaking in ozonated water for 15 minutes using an ozone generator, as opposed to the control treatment, which used only pure water. Samples were kept for seven days, and each day the redness and scent were evaluated. Data were obtained by calculating the average and standard deviation, then presented in a graph with error bars. The results showed that the redness value of control and ozone treatment started from 51.55 and 46.04 and on the seventh day became 42.94 and 43.81. The control treatment showed off-flavor on the third day of storage while the ozone treatment did not show off-flavor until seventh day of storage. In conclusion, ozone treatment slowed down the decrease of red chili paste’s redness value and off-flavor.
Consumer Perception on the Redness and Off Flavor Upon Stored Red Chili Paste with Hypoiodous Acid Treatment
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Hadipernata M , Abduh S B M , Nur M , Mawarid A A , Sihite E C Y , Priyatama A R , Risanti D
Published: October 2023

Red chili has a short shelf life because its respiration rate increases quickly. The development of pretreatment with hypoiodous acid (HIO) to extend the shelf life of agricultural products is now underway. This study intends to determine the impact of HIO treatment on the color and flavor of red chili paste during storage, which was employed as a quality indicator at the level of consumer perception. Red chili was used for the treatments, which were carried out by soaking it in 10 mM HIO for 15 minutes, whereas pure water was used for the control treatment. By reacting 20 mM H2O2 and 20 mM KI, HIO was produced. Every day for seven days, the redness value and scent were analyzed. The average and standard deviation were calculated to generate the data, which was then plotted with error bars. The outcomes showed that, starting at 51.55 and 54.10, the redness values for the control and HIO treatments were 42.94 and 43.71, respectively. The findings also revealed that whereas off flavor first appeared in the control treatment on the third day of storage, it first appeared in the HIO treatment on the seventh day. In conclusion, HIO therapy may limit the loss of redness and guard against changes in the flavor of red chili paste.
The Characteristic of Buffalo Production (Bubalus bubalis) at The Small Holder Farmers in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fajar M M , Riyanto J , Dewanti R , Cahyadi M , Wati A K , Pawestri W , Yanti Y
Published: October 2023

This study aims to obtain information on swamp buffalo production at smallholder farmers in Sukoharjo. The methods used were a survey and sample determining technique called purposive sampling. Data collection applies interviews and observation methods. The sample taken is 90 swamp buffalos owned by 30 stockbreeders. The result of the study shows the average of withers height, waists height, body length, chest girth, and estimation body weight of adult male buffalo (>36 months) were 129.3 cm; 129.9 cm; 131.1 cm; 205.8 cm; and 502.3 kg, respectively. On the other hand, the result for adult female buffalo were 126.8 cm; 127 cm; 127.1 cm; 198.4 cm, and 469.7 kg. At 12 months old buffalo showed 109.7 cm; 110.2 cm; 107.3 cm; 154.3 cm, and 301.2 kg. While the 12-month-old female buffalo’s result is 112.1 cm; 112.7 cm; 107.9 cm; 162.8 cm, and 328.9 kg. It can be concluded that swamp buffalo productivity in Sukoharjo was in good production.
Estrous Responses of Kejobong Goat Synchronized using Progesterone Hormone
Authors: Setiatin E T , Lestari P , Lestari D A , Kurnianto E , Harjanti D W , Samsudewa D , Sutiyono  , Ondho Y S
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of age based on estrous responses. Material used in this study were 36 heads of Kejobong doe, with average body weight 32.21±1.41 kg; average Body Condition Score (BCS) 2.5; black fur color; had given birth, with age ranged 1-1.5 years old (P1, n = 7); 1.5-2 years old (P2, n = 15) and 2.5-3 years old (P3, n = 14). The sample was then put on a vaginal sponge containing 20 mg of Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (MPA) in the reproductive tract for 14 days. Parameter observed were estrous onset; estrous behavior including restlessness, aggressiveness, frequent wagging tail and climbing the feeder tray or other livestock and vulva condition including vulva temperature, swelling vulva and vulva color. Result showed there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between P1, P 2 and P3 on estrous onset, estrous behavior and vulva condition. In conclusion, the estrous response of Kejobong goat which is synchronized to estrous with the hormone progesterone is not affected by the age and have the same estrous response after reaching maturity.
Comparison non-linear growth models to reflect body weight and body measurements of pre-weaning Kejobong goat
Authors: Lestari D A , Setiaji A , Sutopo S
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to compare two growth models that reflect body weight and body measurement of pre-weaning Kejobong goat. A total data records of 35 heads of Kejobong goat observed for 14 weeks in five variables were used in this study. Two non-linear growth models (Gompertz and Logistic model) were applied for analysis of growth to compare growth performance by Non-Linear Mixed Model. Result showed Gompertz models has smaller AIC, BIC and σ2e value than those Logistic models. The growth curve models based on Gompertz were: y = 23.94 exp (-1.43 exp−0.01764*age) for body weight; y = 61.72 exp (-0.5 exp–0.01805*age) for wither weight; y = 13.12 exp (-0.35 exp−0.026*age) for chest width; y = 55.72 exp (-0.50 exp −0.01805*age) for hip height and y = 52.30 exp (-0.50 exp-0.01805*age) for hearth girth. It conclude that Based AIC, BIC and σ2e value, Gompertz model is the most fitted growth model for reflecting body weight and body measurement of pre-weaning Kejobong goat than those Logistic model.
Morphometrical Traits of Ongole Grade Cow in Rembang Regency Based on Different Class of Indonesian National Standard
Authors: Indahwati A , Kurnianto E K , Setiatin E T , Samsudewa D
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to compare morphometrical traits of Ongole grade Cow in Rembang Regency on the different class basis of Indonesian National Standard. The research was done on May to July 2022 in Rembang regencies. Hundred eighty cows of Ongole grade cow in Rembang regency were measured for morphometrical traits. Round-O and measurements sticks was used in this research. Two-way analysis of variance and descriptive statistics were used for statistics analysis. The result of the research showed that chest circumferences, body length, body height, hip height, hip width, chest width, chest depth and head length showed highly significantly different (P<0.01). Head width showed significant different (P<0.05). Ear length and width showed non-significant different (P≥0.05). In conclusion body measurements of Ongole grade cow in Rembang regency can be used as differentiation parameter of class determination.
Corrigendum: Land characteristics and suitability for development of garlic in East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province (2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 393 012079)
Authors: Muslim RQ , Mulyani A
Published: October 2023

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
T-depth-optimized quantum search with quantum data-access machine
Authors: Jun Park Jung , Baek Kyunghyun , Kim M S , Nha Hyunchul , Kim Jaewan , Bang Jeongho
Published: October 2023

Quantum search algorithms offer a remarkable advantage of quadratic reduction in query complexity using quantum superposition principle. However, how an actual architecture may access and handle the database in a quantum superposed state has been largely unexplored so far; the quantum state of data was simply assumed to be prepared and accessed by a black-box operation—so-called oracle, even though this process, if not appropriately designed, may adversely diminish the quantum query advantage. Here, we introduce an efficient quantum data-access process, dubbed as quantum data-access machine (QDAM), and present a general architecture for quantum search algorithm. We analyze the runtime of our algorithm in view of the fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) consisting of logical qubits within an effective quantum error correction code. Specifically, we introduce a measure involving two computational complexities, i.e. quantum query and T-depth complexities, which can be critical to assess performance since the logical non-Clifford gates, such as the T (i.e.

π

/

8

rotation) gate, are known to be costliest to implement in FTQC. Our analysis shows that for N searching data, a QDAM model exhibiting a logarithmic, i.e.

O
(
log
N
)

, growth of the T-depth complexity can be constructed. Further analysis reveals that our QDAM-embedded quantum search requires

O
(

N

×
log

N

)

runtime cost. Our study thus demonstrates that the quantum data search algorithm can truly speed up over classical approaches with the logarithmic T-depth QDAM as a key component.
Photocatalytic conversion of cellulose into C5 oligosaccharides
Authors: Skillen Nathan , Welgamage Aakash , Zhang Guan , Robertson Peter K J , Irvine John T S , Lawton Linda A
Published: October 2023

Cellulose is made up of linear polymers of glucose monomers that could be a crucial source for valuable chemicals and sustainable liquid fuels. Cellulose is however, very stable and its conversion to a useful fuel or platform chemical products remains a significant challenge (Kimura et al 2015 Sci. Rep.
5 16266; Xia et al 2016 Nat. Commun.
7 11162). Photocatalysis is a versatile technology which has demonstrated potential for solar driven processes such as water splitting or solar fuels production and has also been applied to the degradation of pollutants in air and water and for the production of useful products from biomass. Here, we focus on the products that are produced from cellulose (a glucose (C6) based polymer) photocatalysis that compliment hydrogen production. Probing the initial steps via UV-TiO2 photocatalysis, we remarkably find that an array of oligosaccharides containing only five (C5) carbon units is initially produced. As the process continues, C6 oligo oligosaccharides grow to dominate. The photocatalytic process is generally not viewed as a controllable synthetic process; however, these findings show, on the contrary that photocatalysis at semiconductor surfaces can achieve novel reaction pathways yielding new products.
Impact of the series resistance on reverse current of solution-processed Schottky-Barrier-Diodes based on ZnO-rods
Authors: Tinoco Julio C , Hernandez Samuel , Garcia Rodolfo , Portillo-Velez Rogelio de Jesus , Martinez-Lopez Andrea G
Published: October 2023

In the last years, the implementation of solution-processing techniques, as well as the use of nanostructured oxide semiconductors, have pursued the development of large-area electronic systems. However, the proper understanding of the electrical characteristics of this type of devices is needed with the aim to properly implement potential applications. In general, the diode behaviour at forward condition has been analysed in the literature, but at reverse condition further research is required. Therefore, in this work, the fabrication and electrical characterization at reverse condition of solution-processed Schottky-Barrier-Diodes based on ZnO-rods is presented. Two different conduction mechanisms with a transition occurring at around –2 V were observed. Also, numerical solutions of the diode reverse current characteristic, which includes the series resistance (R

s
) for both conduction mechanisms, were implemented and the impact of the series resistance was addressed. Finally, a numerical optimization strategy was used to determine the diode parameters which best fit the experimental current.
Personalization reactance in online medical consultations: effects of two-sided personalization and health topic sensitivity on reactance
Authors: Dong Yujie , Li Wu , Chen Meng
Published: October 2023

Personalization strategy in commercial contexts has often been criticized for eliciting individuals’ reactance. Will this happen to physician–patient communication in online medical consultations (OMCs)? Two experiments attempted to probe the direct, indirect, and conditional effects of personalization on reactance in OMC. Specifically, perceived threats to freedom and perceived physician caring were examined as two mediators underlying the relationship between personalization and reactance. Health topic sensitivity was investigated as a moderator. Results from both studies revealed that there was no main effect of personalization on reactance, yet personalization induced perceived threats to freedom and perceived physician caring, which affected reactance in a way that might cancel out each other. The effects of personalization (versus depersonalization) on perceived threats to freedom and reactance were more salient at the lower level of health topic sensitivity. These suggest that personalization with its two-sided nature exerts both desired and undesired influences and health topic sensitivity can be a prominent contextual factor in personalization reactance during OMC.
FSHD muscle shows perturbation in fibroadipogenic progenitor cells, mitochondrial function and alternative splicing independently of inflammation
Authors: Engquist Elise N , Greco Anna , Joosten Leo A B , van Engelen Baziel G M , Zammit Peter S , Banerji Christopher R S
Published: October 2023

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a prevalent, incurable myopathy. FSHD is highly heterogeneous, with patients following a variety of clinical trajectories, complicating clinical trials. Skeletal muscle in FSHD undergoes fibrosis and fatty replacement that can be accelerated by inflammation, adding to heterogeneity. Well controlled molecular studies are thus essential to both categorize FSHD patients into distinct subtypes and understand pathomechanisms. Here, we further analyzed RNA-sequencing data from 24 FSHD patients, each of whom donated a biopsy from both a non-inflamed (TIRM−) and inflamed (TIRM+) muscle, and 15 FSHD patients who donated peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs), alongside non-affected control individuals. Differential gene expression analysis identified suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis and up-regulation of fibroadipogenic progenitor (FAP) gene expression in FSHD muscle, which was particularly marked on inflamed samples. PBMCs demonstrated suppression of antigen presentation in FSHD. Gene expression deconvolution revealed FAP expansion as a consistent feature of FSHD muscle, via meta-analysis of 7 independent transcriptomic datasets. Clustering of muscle biopsies separated patients in an unbiased manner into clinically mild and severe subtypes, independently of known disease modifiers (age, sex, D4Z4 repeat length). Lastly, the first genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing in FSHD muscle revealed perturbation of autophagy, BMP2 and HMGB1 signalling. Overall, our findings reveal molecular subtypes of FSHD with clinical relevance and identify novel pathomechanisms for this highly heterogeneous condition.
First, do no harm, second, say sorry? Investigating the impact of a new tort reform
Authors: DeCicca Philip , Malak Natalie
Published: October 2023

We investigate the effect of so-called “apology laws” on physician procedure choice and birth outcomes. Advocates believe they may reduce litigation since a harmed person who receives an apology or explanation may be less likely to sue, all else equal. In the medical context, this could translate into a reduction in defensive medicine practiced. To investigate this possibility, we examine the impact of these laws on the use of C-sections, a common measure for gauging the practice of defensive medicine by OB/GYN physicians. We find consistent evidence that “partial” versions actually increase the use of C-sections, contrary to the intention of these laws. More specifically, we find it is older, presumably more established physicians who respond the most. Moreover, we also find some evidence that these particular laws also reduced the rate of preventable pregnancy complications, which suggests that the extra C-sections induced may not just represent defensive medicine (JEL I10, I18, K13).
Research on fault diagnosis method of turbocharger rotor based on Hu-SVM-RFE
Authors: Chunyu Zhang , Xinyang Qiu , Haiyu Qian , Yun Liu , Junchao Zhu
Published: October 2023

Several parameters need to be monitored for turbocharger rotor faults and the overlap between different fault parameters as well as the redundancy of data, which leads to increased calculation time and reduced classification accuracy. To improve the recognition rate of turbocharger rotor faults, a recursive elimination method based on the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) combined with improved Hu invariant moments is developed for the axial orbit feature extraction of turbocharger rotor with rotor fault. Firstly, improved Hu-invariant moments are extracted for different rotor fault axis orbits, and then the feature ranking and selection are performed by the SVM-RFE method to filter out the feature combinations with higher classification recognition rates. Then, the feature matrix of the Hu-SVM-RFE algorithm screening combination was identified for classification using each of the three diagnostic algorithms. The results show that the optimal feature subset obtained by the Hu-SVM-RFE method can ensure the richness of the fault information of the turbocharger rotor with small number of features. And, a high classification rate can be obtained with low time consumption in combination with the probabilistic neural network (PNN) algorithm. Therefore, Hu-SVM-RFE feature screening method combined with PNN fault diagnosis technology has high accuracy and efficiency, which is of great significance for online fault identification of the supercharger rotor.
Awareness and beliefs of community pharmacists on disposal of unused and expired household medications in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alfian Sofa D , Khoiry Qisty A , Pratama Mochammad A A , Wahyudin Wawan , Puspitasari Irma M , Pradipta Ivan S , Abdulah Rizky
Published: October 2023

Objective

To assess the awareness and beliefs of community pharmacists regarding the disposal of expired and unused household medications in Indonesia.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted through convenience sampling. All pharmacists participating in a virtual training event were invited to take part in a self-administer voluntary online survey. A translated and validated questionnaire was used to assess awareness about the harm caused by improper disposal and the beliefs of the best location for collecting expired and unused household medications. Subsequently, demographic data such as age, gender, education level, and work experience of pharmacists were obtained through self-reported data. The characteristics of pharmacists and the outcomes were summarized using descriptive analysis. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the association between sociodemographic variables and outcomes.

Key findings

A total of 202 pharmacists completed the survey (response rate: 96.2%). The majority were female (83.2%) and the mean work experience was 4.7 years. Approximately 86% of pharmacists were aware of the environmental harm caused by improper disposing of expired and unused household medications, and 98% acknowledged their role in preventing such risks. Approximately 70%–80% of the respondents believed that community pharmacies were the best location for the collection of expired and unused household medications. No significant associations were found among age, gender, education level, and years of experience and the outcomes.

Conclusion

Almost all pharmacists were aware of the risk of improper disposal of expired and unused household medications and acknowledged their responsibilities to protect the environment. The strong inclination of pharmacists to select pharmacies as collection points for expired and unused medications strongly advocates for the implementation of medication take-back programs in Indonesia.
Dosimetric verification of four dose calculation algorithms for spine stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Hirashima Hideaki , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakamura Kiyonao , Matsuo Yukinori , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: October 2023

The applications of Type B [anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and collapsed cone (CC)] and Type C [Acuros XB (AXB) and photon Monte Carlo (PMC)] dose calculation algorithms in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were evaluated. Water- and bone-equivalent phantoms were combined to evaluate the percentage depth dose and dose profile. Subsequently, 48 consecutive patients with clinical spine SBRT plans were evaluated. All treatment plans were created using AXB in Eclipse. The prescription dose was 24 Gy in two fractions at a 10 MV FFF on TrueBeam. The doses were then recalculated with AAA, CC and PMC while maintaining the AXB-calculated monitor units and beam arrangement. The dose index values obtained using the four dose calculation algorithms were then compared. The AXB and PMC dose distributions agreed with the bone-equivalent phantom measurements (within ±2.0%); the AAA and CC values were higher than those in the bone-equivalent phantom region. For the spine SBRT plans, PMC, AAA and CC were overestimated compared with AXB in terms of the near minimum and maximum doses of the target and organ at risk, respectively; the mean dose difference was within 4.2%, which is equivalent with within 1 Gy. The phantom study showed that the results from AXB and PMC agreed with the measurements within ±2.0%. However, the mean dose difference ranged from 0.5 to 1 Gy in the spine SBRT planning study when the dose calculation algorithms changed. Users should incorporate a clinical introduction that includes an awareness of these differences.
Revolutionizing radiation therapy: the role of AI in clinical practice
Authors: Kawamura Mariko , Kamomae Takeshi , Yanagawa Masahiro , Kamagata Koji , Fujita Shohei , Ueda Daiju , Matsui Yusuke , Fushimi Yasutaka , Fujioka Tomoyuki , Nozaki Taiki , Yamada Akira , Hirata Kenji , Ito Rintaro , Fujima Noriyuki , Tatsugami Fuminari , Nakaura Takeshi , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Naganawa Shinji
Published: October 2023

This review provides an overview of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiation therapy (RT) from a radiation oncologist’s perspective. Over the years, advances in diagnostic imaging have significantly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of radiotherapy. The introduction of AI has further optimized the segmentation of tumors and organs at risk, thereby saving considerable time for radiation oncologists. AI has also been utilized in treatment planning and optimization, reducing the planning time from several days to minutes or even seconds. Knowledge-based treatment planning and deep learning techniques have been employed to produce treatment plans comparable to those generated by humans. Additionally, AI has potential applications in quality control and assurance of treatment plans, optimization of image-guided RT and monitoring of mobile tumors during treatment. Prognostic evaluation and prediction using AI have been increasingly explored, with radiomics being a prominent area of research. The future of AI in radiation oncology offers the potential to establish treatment standardization by minimizing inter-observer differences in segmentation and improving dose adequacy evaluation. RT standardization through AI may have global implications, providing world-standard treatment even in resource-limited settings. However, there are challenges in accumulating big data, including patient background information and correlating treatment plans with disease outcomes. Although challenges remain, ongoing research and the integration of AI technology hold promise for further advancements in radiation oncology.
One-third of a century on: the state of the art, pitfalls, and the way ahead relating to digital humanities approaches to translation and interpreting studies
Authors: Gu Chonglong
Published: October 2023

The year 1993 represents a momentous milestone in the not-so-long history of translation and interpreting studies (TIS). The foundational paper published by Mona Baker entitled ‘Corpus linguistics and translation studies: Implications and applications’ in 1993 has signalled a defining moment in the application of digital humanities (DH) approaches in TIS. Since then, corpus-based TIS, as a most visible manifestation of DH in TIS, has come into being and is now gradually entering into maturity. Compared with the previously largely anecdotal, impressionist, and prescriptivist accounts of translation and interpreting, the incorporation of DH tools (e.g. CL) has significantly enriched TIS with new perspectives. This makes it possible for researchers to explore the various aspects of translation and interpreting in a more objective and systematic way, drawing on real-world data. Now one-third of a century has passed since the publication of Baker’s seminal paper, DH-inspired studies of translation and interpreting are in full swing. As we are reaching the 30-year mark of the influential publication, it is important for us to take stock of the previous achievements and look to the future both with pride and a cool head. In this article, we trace the developments of a DH approach to TIS and present the state of the art, before discussing some of the limitations and pitfalls and the road ahead going forward.
First Annual PACT Act Research Symposium on Veterans Health: A Colorado PACT Act Collaboration (CoPAC) Initiative
Authors: Hoisington Lt Col Andrew J , Lowry Christopher A , McDonald Lindsay T , Krefft Silpa D , Rose Cecile S , Kovacs Elizabeth J , Brenner Lisa A
Published: October 2023

In response to the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act being signed into law, several research groups in Colorado organized the First Annual PACT Act Research Symposium for Veteran Health. The 2-day symposium was interested in research relevant to military exposures with a primary focus on respiratory and mental health. Information on the PACT Act, data sources in the Department of Veteran Affairs and DOD, and research opportunities at the Veteran Affairs were presented. The morning session centered on respiratory health, highlighting research conducted over the last two decades regarding deployment-related respiratory diseases. Despite the high prevalence of mental health disorders among Veterans, information presented during the afternoon sessions on mental health highlighted the dearth of research to date regarding psychological health and military-related exposures. Policymakers, clinicians, and researchers were encouraged to adopt a life-course approach when conceptualizing physical and psychological exposures. On the second day of meetings, a smaller group of participants discussed next steps in military exposure research, as well as priorities for future research. Per the latter, recommendations for future research were made regarding the need for more precise exposure characterization, longitudinal data collection, and efforts to increase understanding regarding disease pathogenesis, as well as the impact of exposures across multiple organs. Such efforts will require interdisciplinary collaboration.
CellSTAR: a comprehensive resource for single-cell transcriptomic annotation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sun Huaicheng , Zhang Wei , Fu Tingting , Huang Shijie , Mou Minjie , Zhang Jinsong , Gao Jianqing , Ge Yichao , Yang Qingxia , Zhu Feng
Published: October 2023

Large-scale studies of single-cell sequencing and biological experiments have successfully revealed expression patterns that distinguish different cell types in tissues, emphasizing the importance of studying cellular heterogeneity and accurately annotating cell types. Analysis of gene expression profiles in these experiments provides two essential types of data for cell type annotation: annotated references and canonical markers. In this study, the first comprehensive database of single-cell transcriptomic annotation resource (CellSTAR) was thus developed. It is unique in (a) offering the comprehensive expertly annotated reference data for annotating hundreds of cell types for the first time and (b) enabling the collective consideration of reference data and marker genes by incorporating tens of thousands of markers. Given its unique features, CellSTAR is expected to attract broad research interests from the technological innovations in single-cell transcriptomics, the studies of cellular heterogeneity & dynamics, and so on. It is now publicly accessible without any login requirement at: https://idrblab.org/cellstar.
Thinking Like a Qualitative Researcher
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L. , Atkinson Joshua D.
Published: October 2023

Chapter 1 introduces readers to qualitative methods and covers important topics such as reflexivity, research ethics, and positionality. The chapter begins with a definition of qualitative research that frames the entire book. Then the authors move to a discussion of the strengths of qualitative methods to show why researchers may decide that a qualitative approach is appropriate and beneficial for their research goals and share some core issues in qualitative research. The authors explain the difference between method and methodology, which is vital for designing coherent research projects. The authors also discuss how research ethics are a vital part of the entire research process. The goal of this chapter is to have readers thinking like qualitative researchers after they engage with the material, excited for what follows.
Doing Qualitative Media Analysis (Part 1)
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L. , Atkinson Joshua D.
Published: October 2023

This chapter offers readers detailed examples of how to do qualitative media analysis within the context of a traditional model of “the media.” This traditional model is based on 20th century observations of a centralized, broadcast media systems. The authors discuss different influences in mass media production and ways that audiences have been conceptualized in media research. Readers will learn about how to conduct research across the different levels of this traditional model. In particular, the chapter provides particular focus to qualitative content analysis, and how it differentiates from textual analysis. After reading this chapter, readers should be able to list the different levels of multilevel analysis as well as forms of interactivity that count as feedback. The goal is for readers to be able to design a qualitative media study.