bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MrParse: finding homologues in the PDB and the EBI AlphaFold database for molecular replacement and more
Authors: Simpkin Adam J. , Thomas Jens M. H. , Keegan Ronan M. , Rigden Daniel J.
Published: April 2022

Crystallographers have an array of search-model options for structure solution by molecular replacement (MR). The well established options of homologous experimental structures and regular secondary-structure elements or motifs are increasingly supplemented by computational modelling. Such modelling may be carried out locally or may use pre-calculated predictions retrieved from databases such as the EBI AlphaFold database. MrParse is a new pipeline to help to streamline the decision process in MR by consolidating bioinformatic predictions in one place. When reflection data are provided, MrParse can rank any experimental homologues found using eLLG, which indicates the likelihood that a given search model will work in MR. Inbuilt displays of predicted secondary structure, coiled-coil and transmembrane regions further inform the choice of MR protocol. MrParse can also identify and rank homologues in the EBI AlphaFold database, a function that will also interest other structural biologists and bioinformaticians.
Beyond the psychometrics: harnessing clinical psychology to improve the well-being of inpatient intellectual disability teams
Authors: Walker Elysia Megan , Olabi Yasmine , Rayner-Smith Kelly
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Nursing teams supporting people with intellectual disabilities in inpatient settings are known to be vulnerable to burnout, compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. Aspects such as resourcing, support, training and the fundamental challenges of supporting this patient group are known risk factors for these difficulties. The aim of this paper is to synthesise the literature on these issues and provide suggestions for operationalising solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature on the experiences of nursing teams supporting people with intellectual disabilities in inpatient settings was considered, alongside the established offer of clinical psychologists working into these services.

Findings

There are common themes of staff’s emotional health and the impact this can have on patient care and the steps that managers and organisations can take to support their teams to remain emotionally healthy, compassionate and effective practitioners. Clinical psychology can play a role in offering this support only where services and teams are aware of the contribution they can make.

Originality/value

Clinical psychology has been undersold and under-represented in inpatient settings for people with intellectual disabilities, and this practice paper outlines the important contributions that they can make to the psychological well-being of all within the system, not just patients.
Knowledge sharing in project-based supply networks
Authors: Sarafan Mehrnoush , Lawson Benn , Roehrich Jens K. , Squire Brian
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Project-based supply networks are an emerging form of organizing used to meet a buying organization's operational and innovation goals. Knowledge sharing among suppliers in the network plays a key role in successful project delivery but is challenging to achieve in practice. The authors draw on self-determination theory (SDT) to examine the interactive effect of incentive provisions (penalties and bonuses) and network governance (lead or shared) on knowledge sharing motivation by individual boundary-spanners within project-based supply networks.

Design/methodology/approach

A scenario-based behavioral experiment of 217 professionals within the UK using the online platform, Prolific, was conducted. A Hayes Macro PROCESS model was used to analyze the data. The authors pilot-tested the scenario with project management experts, senior managers, and directors.

Findings

The findings highlighted that the effectiveness of incentive provisions on knowledge sharing may be dependent on the mode of network governance. Where suppliers have shared responsibility for managing the network (shared governance), bonuses were more effective than penalties in motivating knowledge sharing through support of boundary-spanners’ autonomy needs. However, where the buying organization has transferred responsibility for managing the network to an external third-party organization (lead governance), the authors found no significant difference between the effectiveness of penalty versus bonus provisions in motivating knowledge sharing.

Originality/value

Prior research in operations and supply chain management (OSCM) has shown the positive effect of incentive provisions on knowledge sharing motivation, but largely overlooked the effectiveness of such incentives when nested within broader governance mechanisms used in projects and their networks. Moreover, while scholars have started to highlight the importance of governance mechanisms in knowledge sharing at the dyadic level, the authors know very little about the impact of network governance.
Simulation and experimental research on the influence of lubrication on the comprehensive friction of TGDI engine
Authors: Hong Ye , Mo Yimin , Wang Jun , Kong Xiangkui , Liu Qingchun
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effects of low-viscosity and ultralow-viscosity engine oils on the comprehensive friction and fuel economy of turbocharged gasoline direct injection (TGDI) through simulation analysis and experiments.

Design/methodology/approach

Numerical analysis models of friction loss for reciprocating, crankshaft and valve train are established. Based on the FAST, the friction loss of 24 specific parts of a TGDI engine was analyzed. Finally, the engine test bench was built, which was used to test the mechanical loss, external characteristics and universal characteristics.

Findings

Compared with the baseline oil, lower viscosity lubricating oil can reduce the friction loss of nine components to varying degrees. When the viscosity decreases, the friction distribution ratio of reciprocating, crankshaft and balance shaft will gradually decrease. The proportion of reciprocating when using 0W12 is reduced by 4%. Tests have shown that ultralow viscosity engine oil reduces torque loss by up to 15.74% (2,000 rpm, full throttle), but its fuel consumption rate becomes higher in low-speed and high-torque conditions.

Originality/value

This work helps to understand the effect of lubricating oil characteristics on the comprehensive friction performance of the engine.
Business customer virtual interaction: enhancing value creation in B2B markets in the post-COVID-19 era – an SME perspective
Authors: Fready Samby , Vel Prakash , Nyadzayo Munyaradzi W.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The unprecedented changes in the marketplace induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant accelerated corporate migration to virtual ecosystems have added several unique research opportunities and theoretical gaps, especially in business-to-business (B2B) small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) markets in the service sector. Particularly, customer interactions in B2B services that were once sustained by the “people mix” now demand a huge overhaul in light of the “new normal” restrictions. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore how B2B service firms can engender firm value through virtual customer interactions during and in the post-COVID-19 era from an SME’s perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts an exploratory qualitative inquiry to contribute to this discourse by proposing a conceptual framework based on prior literature and relevant theoretical frameworks, as well as qualitative interviews with SME managers, CEOs and/or owner-managers.

Findings

The qualitative findings reveal organizational preparedness, empathy, digital content and trust as key enablers of effective B2B virtual interaction that enhances cocreated value, thereby augmenting firm value. This study offers a much-needed examination of virtual interaction in B2B contexts and proposes a business customer virtual interaction model.

Research limitations/implications

The exploratory nature of this study is one limitation, and future studies with a bigger representative sample size that uses survey or experimental data drawn from large enterprises might add value to the current findings. Also, while this study is conducted in dynamic markets due to the COVID-19 crisis, future research must examine the customer/firm’s experiences in other forms of crises-led market ecosystems.

Practical implications

B2B service firms must be strongly inclined to continuously take steps to develop and maintain virtual interaction with customers. Proactive efforts to familiarize internal and external stakeholders with virtual interaction platforms are a crucial step for effective customer engagement. The effectiveness of B2B virtual interactions can be strengthened through digital content that elicits trust and exhibits empathy, especially in crises led-markets. Also, the value created for the firm must be redeployed strategically to sustain positive customer engagement behaviors that continue to deliver value to the firm and the customer.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the increasing B2B customer engagement literature by exploring the ongoing dialogue on how B2B firms can strive and succeed in the post-COVID-19 era or related crises-led market ecosystems through enhanced virtual B2B customer interaction efforts.
The dog that didn’t bark: corporate profits and the future of labor relations
Authors: Hirsch Peter Buell
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to review trends in labor relations and reconsider the value of bringing the works council model to the United States.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of current trends in labor relations and strike activity and an examination of the constraints of the National Labor Relations Act to the implementation of works councils.

Findings

The works council model could provide a robust means for managing labor relations tensions as well as emerging concerns of the next generation of employees.

Originality/value

While there have been discussions of the legal limitations on adopting work councils in the United States, there has been no recent discussion of them in the context of improving labor relations.
Gender influences in Digital Humanities co-authorship networks
Authors: Gao Jin , Nyhan Julianne , Duke-Williams Oliver , Mahony Simon
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper presents a co-authorship study of authors who published in Digital Humanities journals and examines the apparent influence of gender, or more specifically, the quantitatively detectable influence of gender in the networks they form.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied co-authorship network analysis. Data has been collected from three canonical Digital Humanities journals over 52 years (1966–2017) and analysed.

Findings

The results are presented as visualised networks and suggest that female scholars in Digital Humanities play more central roles and act as the main bridges of collaborative networks even though overall female authors are fewer in number than male authors in the network.

Originality/value

This is the first co-authorship network study in Digital Humanities to examine the role that gender appears to play in these co-authorship networks using statistical analysis and visualisation.
The role of trust, opportunism and adaptation in coordination and contract cooperation: evidence from construction projects
Authors: Hashim Muhammad Zaheer , Chao Liu , Wang Chao , Awan Sabir Hussain
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of clients' trust, opportunism and adaptation on contractual (non)cooperation with a mediating role of coordination in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was used to collect data from employees of the Pakistani construction industry. Smart partial least square (SmartPLS) has been used for analyzing the data of 270 respondents from construction projects.

Findings

The results of the SmartPLS indicate that (1) Trust and contract coordination positively while opportunism negatively influence contractor's contractual cooperation. (2) Contract adaptation and contract coordination positively influence the noncontractual cooperation of the contractor. (3) Moreover, contract coordination positively mediates the relationship between trust and noncontractual cooperation, but negatively mediates the relationship between opportunism and contract adaptation and noncontractual cooperation.

Practical implications

The findings of this research suggest several policy implications for administrative authorities, project managers and policymakers. These authorities need to focus on clients' trust, opportunism and adaptation because these factors significantly influence contract coordination and cooperation in the construction industry. Emphasizing these factors will enable project managers to gain economies of scale and mitigate project failure.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ search and knowledge, they did not find any study examining the mediating role of coordination between trust, opportunism, adaptation and cooperation in the construction industry. Hence, the present study advances their understanding in the field of project management and construction business.
Barriers to building information modelling and facility management practices integration in Nigeria
Authors: Okwe Esther Ire , Olanrewaju Oludolapo Ibrahim , Heckman Matt , Chileshe Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore and review the critical perspectives of stakeholders in the facility management (FM) industry as regards the barriers to building information modelling (BIM) integration, with the view to providing significant insights to mitigate the barriers to BIM implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

An extensive literature review was conducted to identify critical barriers to BIM–FM integration. Ten categories of barriers were identified from the literature review and used to design a Likert scale-based questionnaire, which was administered to registered members of International Facility Management Association based in Lagos, Nigeria. The data collected were analysed using both descriptive (mean score, standard deviation, frequency tables and charts) and inferential statistics (Shapiro–Wilk and Kruskal–Wallis tests).

Findings

The descriptive and inferential analysis demonstrated a disparity in the ranking of the ten barriers among the groups. Six (out of ten) barriers to BIM implementation for FM practices are identified as critical (mean score greater than 4.0): insufficient awareness levels of BIM–FM integration benefits, non-existence of contractual and legal framework for BIM implementation, limited studies on BIM–FM inter-relationship, poor acceptance levels and resistance to change among stakeholders, perception of BIM and inadequacy of mode data. And the results of the one-sample t-tests show that there were statistically significant differences in the six.

Practical implications

This study offers significant insights to industry stakeholders in understanding BIM implementation barriers in FM, as well as the framework for mitigating them. These findings could also be applied to other developing countries, with special consideration given to locational differences.

Originality/value

The valuable information provided in this study could be used as a roadmap to improve BIM–FM practice implementation in Nigeria. It also measured differences in the opinions of professionals.
Are participation and conventional banks operating under the same roof really different? Evidence from Turkish bank clients
Authors: Baran Tamer
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to reveal whether there is a difference in perception of banking clients toward participation banks (PBs) and conventional banks (CBs) operated by the same bank.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered with an online questionnaire from 254 participants. Questionnaire consisted of the Chaouch (2017) bank perception scale and the Koenig and Büssing (2010) religiosity scale. The data of the study were analyzed using the paired samples t-test and regression analysis.

Findings

The findings exhibit that Turkish bank clients, as a secular society, differently perceive financial activities of PBs and CBs that operate under the same roof in terms of compliance with Islamic laws. The findings also reveal that perceptions of the Turkish bank clients toward PBs' activities to compliance with the Islamic rules differs by the religiosity level. On the other hand, findings show that there is no difference in the perceptions of the CB's activities regarding compliance with Islamic rules by the clients’ religiosity level.

Research limitations/implications

This study uses quantitative data. These type of data both can miss sometimes certain knowledge and restricts of participants thoughts on the study phenomena.

Practical implications

Based on the results of the study’s findings, beneficial suggestions are made for researchers and banking sector managers.

Originality/value

While many studies have been on Islamic banking, this study extends the role theory to compare perceptions of bank clients between PBs and CBs and provides an empirical evidence for bank clients' perceptions to dual banking in a developing and a secular country like Turkey.
Addressing resistance to change through a micro interpersonal lens: an investigation into the coaching process
Authors: Brandes Bianca , Lai Yi-Ling
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate resistance to change and change management through a micro-level interpersonal perspective. Specifically, this paper addresses in what way external change experts, such as coaches, identify distinctive emotional and behavioural indicators of resistance and facilitate individuals to develop positive strengths and motivation to change.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors drew upon critical realism and abductive research methodology to understand connections between coaching intervention and individual change resistance through 21 in-depth interviews with independent coaches listed in coaching associations in Germany.

Findings

This study first re-evaluates the implications of resistance and extends its meaning from negative obstacles into natural emotional responses of individuals and constructive resources for change. In addition, the study results indicate resistance can be distinguished through both explicit behaviours, body language along with implicit emotional reactions, like being tired or making small jokes. Moreover, several micro-level interpersonal approaches for coaches to apply in dealing with resistance, including understanding coachees' cognitive status and working environment, adapting varied communication styles as well as drawing upon coachees' strengths.

Practical implications

The research results offer organisations (e.g. managers and human resource professionals) essential guidelines in micro-level change management strategy by considering external coaching as a valuable option to deal with varied individual, social and contextual factors (e.g. organisational power and politics). From the organisational investment perspective, indicators of resistance and approaches to facilitate coachees' emotional reactions can be served as a preliminary protocol for stakeholders to evaluate the effectiveness of their change management schemes. Moreover, the framework outlined in this research can be considered in the future coaching education and professional development programmes.

Originality/value

Overall, this study demonstrates that external coaching is one of the valuable approaches in responding to individual resistance in organisational change management. The research findings widen existing bipolar paradigms of resistance (either change obstacles or positive resource) into a neutral spectrum that holds an impartial view on emotional reactions to change. Furthermore, individual differences and contextual factors play essential roles in the change process, e.g. coachees' personality, personal experiences, knowledge, interpretations to change process and topics as well as organisational context (e.g. power, hierarchy and culture) need to be considered into change management strategy.
The impact of corporate governance on integrated reporting (IR) quality and sustainability performance: evidence from listed companies in South Africa
Authors: Appiagyei Kwadjo , Djajadikerta Hadrian Geri , Mat Roni Saiyidi
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship and effect of integrated reporting (IR) quality on sustainability performance and explore the relationships and effects of corporate governance mechanisms on IR quality and sustainability performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used in a longitudinal study by following the steps in Roemer’s Evolutionary Model on a sample of listed companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in South Africa for a period from 2011 to 2016.

Findings

This study finds board effectiveness and external audit quality to be important determinants of IR quality. It also observes a strong effect of the IR quality on sustainability performance.

Originality/value

This study contributes by using and analysing a longitudinal data set from JSE, currently the only capital market globally requiring the mandatory IR application since 2010.
Users' role in applying biophilic attributes to the interiors of residential spaces
Authors: Bettaieb Donia M. , Alsabban Reem F.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Studies related to biophilic design (BD) have not clarified the user's role in applying its elements and features to improve quality of life (physical and mental health). This paper aims to highlight the users' role (experience, practice, and advice) when utilising aspects of BD in the interior environment of modern houses (MH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach

A study of users' experiences was conducted through a qualitative approach by analysing semi-structured one-to-one interviews with a representative sample from Jeddah (12 heads of the family) using an adapted Biophilic Interior Design Matrix. An inductive approach was applied by extrapolating the users' role in employing BD elements in the MH's interior environment based on their experience in employing various biophilic elements.

Findings

The findings demonstrate the importance of the user's role when incorporating biophilic elements in living spaces. The levels of employment of BD elements of various kinds in the interior environment of the MH as a whole are considered high. A high percentage was observed regarding the availability of BD elements in the 40–59 years age group (87%), and a relationship was observed between housing type (villas vs apartments) and availability of BD elements. Additionally, a relationship was observed between the use of a professional designer when designing the house and the availability of biophilic elements. However, the sample did not have a grasp of several BD concepts. The application is generally made without knowing the positive impact on mental health. The user matrix was compiled as a reference that reflects the features and elements that are easily enjoyed in activating BD and enhancing the users' role in raising the level of BD in their homes. An initial classification of BD features was elaborated regarding the physical structure (PS) of a building, features regarding the user under control (UUC) and features regarding the user out of control (UOC).

Research limitations/implications

The classification was preliminarily based on PS, UUC, and UOC. Future research is required to confirm what has been communicated through advanced and in-depth research for housing analysis to confirm and enhance the user's role. This approach is a quick alternative solution to employ biophilic elements.

Originality/value

The authors focussed on the immaterial aspect of BD in interior spaces from the user's experience. BD-related studies have focussed on the physical aspect of architectural space.
Paradoxes and synergies: Optimizing management of a deadly virus in an endangered carnivore
Authors: Gilbertson Marie L. J. , Onorato Dave , Cunningham Mark , VandeWoude Sue , Craft Meggan E.
Published: April 2022

Pathogen management strategies in wildlife are typically accompanied by an array of uncertainties such as the efficacy of vaccines or potential unintended consequences of interventions. In the context of such uncertainties, models of disease transmission can provide critical insight for optimizing pathogen management, especially for species of conservation concern. The endangered Florida panther experienced an outbreak of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in 2002–2004, and continues to be affected by this deadly virus. Ongoing management efforts aim to mitigate the effects of FeLV on panthers, but with limited information about which strategies may be most effective and efficient.

We used a simulation‐based approach to determine optimal FeLV management strategies in panthers. We simulated the use of proactive FeLV management strategies (i.e. proactive vaccination) and several reactive strategies, including reactive vaccination and test‐and‐removal. Vaccination strategies accounted for imperfect vaccine‐induced immunity, specifically partial immunity in which all vaccinates achieve partial pathogen protection. We compared the effectiveness of these different strategies in mitigating the number of FeLV mortalities and the duration of outbreaks.

Results showed that inadequate proactive vaccination can paradoxically increase the number of disease‐induced mortalities in FeLV outbreaks. These effects were most likely due to imperfect vaccine immunity causing vaccinates to serve as a semi‐susceptible population, thereby allowing outbreaks to persist in circumstances otherwise conducive to fadeout. Combinations of proactive vaccination with reactive test‐and‐removal or vaccination, however, had a synergistic effect in reducing the impacts of FeLV outbreaks, highlighting the importance of using mixed strategies in pathogen management.

Synthesis and applications. Management‐informed disease simulations are an important tool for identifying unexpected negative consequences and synergies among pathogen management strategies. In particular, we find that imperfect vaccine‐induced immunity necessitates further consideration to avoid unintentionally worsening epidemics in some conditions. However, mixing proactive and reactive interventions can improve pathogen control while mitigating uncertainties associated with imperfect interventions.
The future of functional food: Emerging technologies application on prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics
Authors: Balthazar Celso F. , Guimarães Jonas F. , Coutinho Nathália M. , Pimentel Tatiana C. , Ranadheera C. Senaka , Santillo Antonella , Albenzio Marzia , Cruz Adriano G. , Sant'Ana Anderson S.
Published: April 2022

This review was the first to gather literature about the effect of emerging technologies on probiotic, prebiotic, and postbiotic products. Applying emerging technologies to probiotic products can increase probiotic survival and improve probiotic properties (cholesterol attachment, adhesion to Caco‐2 cells, increase angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, and decrease systolic blood pressure). Furthermore, it can optimize the fermentation process, produce or maintain compounds of interest (bacteriocin, oligosaccharides, peptides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids), improve bioactivity (vitamin, aglycones, calcium), and sensory characteristics. Applying emerging technologies to prebiotic products did not result in prebiotic degradation. Still, it contributed to higher concentrations of bioactive compounds (citric and ascorbic acids, anthocyanin, polyphenols, flavonoids) and health properties (antioxidant activity and inhibition of ACE, α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidase). Emerging technologies may also be applied to obtain postbiotics with increased health effects. In this way, current studies suggest that emerging food processing technologies enhance the efficiency of probiotics and prebiotics in food. The information provided may help food industries to choose a more suitable technology to process their products and provide a basis for the most used process parameters.

Furthermore, the current gaps are discussed. Emerging technologies may be used to process food products resulting in increased probiotic functionality, prebiotic stability, and higher concentrations of bioactive compounds. In addition, they can be used to obtain postbiotic products with improved health effects compared to the conventional heat treatment.
Rebuilding the lid region from conformational and dynamic features to engineering applications of lipase in foods: Current status and future prospects
Authors: Chen Gang , Khan Imran Mahmood , He Wensen , Li Yongxin , Jin Peng , Campanella Osvaldo H. , Zhang Haihua , Huo Yanrong , Chen Yang , Yang Huqing , Miao Ming
Published: April 2022

The applications of lipases in esterification, amidation, and transesterification have broadened their potential in the production of fine compounds with high cumulative values. Mostly, the catalytic triad of lipases is covered by either one or two mobile peptides called the “lid” that control the substrate channel to the catalytic center. The lid holds unique conformational allostery via interfacial activation to regulate the dynamics and catalytic functions of lipases, thereby highlighting its importance in redesigning these enzymes for industrial applications. The structural characteristic of lipase, the dynamics of lids, and the roles of lid in lipase catalysis were summarized, providing opportunities for rebuilding lid region by biotechniques (e.g., metagenomic technology and protein engineering) and enzyme immobilization. The review focused on the advantages and disadvantages of strategies rebuilding the lid region. The main shortcomings of biotechnologies on lid rebuilding were discussed such as negative effects on lipase (e.g., a decrease of activity). Additionally, the main shortcomings (e.g., enzyme desorption at high temperatre) in immobilization on hydrophobic supports via interfacial action were presented. Solutions to the mentioned problems were proposed by combinations of computational design with biotechnologies, and improvements of lipase immobilization (e.g., immobilization protocols and support design). Finally, the review provides future perspectives about designing hyperfunctional lipases as biocatalysts in the food industry based on lid conformation and dynamics.
Is headache during pregnancy a higher risk for serious secondary headache cause? A HEAD study report
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree , Chu Kevin H , Kuan Win Sen , Keijzers Gerben , Kinnear Frances B , Cardozo‐Ocampo Alejandro ,   the HEAD Study and HEAD Colombia Investigators
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Pregnancy is defined as a ‘red flag’ in headache assessment. We aimed to describe the prevalence and causes of serious secondary headache in pregnant ED patients.

Methods

Unplanned secondary analysis of HEAD Study/HEAD Colombia data.

Results

3.2% (117/3643) of ED headache patients aged 18–50 years were pregnant, of whom six (5.1%) had a serious secondary cause identified. The proportion of patients with serious headache causes was not significantly different between pregnant female, non‐pregnant female and male patient subgroups (P = 0.89).

Conclusion

Inclusion of pregnancy as a ‘red flag’ in ED headache assessment is not supported by these data.
mcera5: Driving microclimate models with ERA5 global gridded climate data
Authors: Klinges David H. , Duffy James P. , Kearney Michael R. , Maclean Ilya M. D.
Published: April 2022

Microclimate models predict temperature and other meteorological variables at scales relevant to individual organisms. The broad application of microclimate models requires gridded macroclimatic variables as input. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of such inputs can be a limiting factor on the accuracy of microclimate predictions. Due to its fine resolution and accuracy, the ERA5 reanalysis dataset is emerging as the favoured resource for global historical weather and climate data and has great potential for aiding microclimate modelling.

Here we describe mcera5, an R language package that provides convenient access to, and wrangling of, the ERA5 climate datasets for use in microclimate models. Through this package, we provide functions to query ERA5 data for desired spatial and temporal extents, to correct for spatial biases and process outputs for easy interpretation by ecologists, thereby allowing faster and more accurate microclimate predictions.

By validating with empirical observations from multiple biomes globally, we demonstrate that the use of ERA5 climate forcing via mcera5 improves the prediction accuracy of soil moisture, air temperature and relative humidity as compared to forcing with other globally available data and offers comparable performance when predicting soil temperatures.

Through the provision of fine‐resolution ERA5 data, the mcera5 package fits into an ecosystem of tools for modelling microclimate in a spatio‐temporally explicit fashion, advancing our ability to efficiently predict microclimate for any place on Earth for the past, present or future. The package also provides convenient access to ERA5 datasets for a range of other applications.
Seizing the Means of Circulation: Choke Points and Logistical Resistance in Coco Solo, Panama
Authors: Danyluk Martin
Published: April 2022

Recent studies of logistics have embraced the “choke point” thesis: the notion that a strategically positioned group of workers or insurgents can exercise outsize power by disrupting the circulation of goods through the supply chain. This article examines this proposition through the case of Coco Solo, Panama, an informal community situated at the epicentre of Panama’s transit economy but persistently excluded from its benefits. Between 2001 and 2014, as part of a protracted struggle over housing, Coco Solo residents repeatedly blockaded key ports and logistics facilities. Despite their location at a critical node in global capitalist commodity circuits, the community’s actions met with limited success. I draw on the case to refine existing theorisations of logistical resistance, emphasising the contingent factors that influence the effectiveness of such tactics, the diverse contexts in which they are mobilised, and the value of going beyond workerist and insurrectionist accounts of supply chain disruption.
A multilevel model of job inclusion of employees with disabilities: The role of organizational socialization tactics, coworkers social support, and an inclusive team context
Authors: Sanclemente Francisco J. , Gamero Nuria , Medina Francisco J. , Mendoza‐Denton Rodolfo
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this study was to examine the role of social context as a main mechanism to understand how organizational socialization tactics influence job inclusion of employees with disabilities (EWD). Specifically, we analyzed the influence of socialization that employees without disability received by the organization on two indicators of EWD's job inclusion, organizational learning, and desire to stay in the organization. First, we examined the mediator role of social support perceived by EWD in the aforementioned relationships. Second, we used a cross‐level moderating approach to examine how an inclusive team context (affective climate toward disability and stigma shared by team members without disability) impacts on the relationship between EWD's perceptions of social support and both indicators of job inclusion. Our sample was composed by 258 employees included in 66 teams from 15 organizations. Each team included one worker with disability. Two sources of information were used: EWD to measure perceived social support and indicators of job inclusion, and coworkers to measure socialization tactics, team affective climate toward disability, and team stigma. We used multilevel modeling and cross‐level moderation with MPLUS to test our hypotheses. Our results showed that EWD's perceptions of social support mediated the relationship between organizational socialization tactics and both indicators of EWD's job inclusion. Team affective climate toward disability and team stigma moderated the relationship between EWD's perceptions of social support and organizational learning. Thus, the social context showed potential improving EWD's job inclusion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Editorial: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with tenofovir vs entecavir—a “knock‐out” is yet to be delivered
Authors: Tonthat Alexander V. , Zhou Kali
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kim et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16786 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16920
Letter: the sphingosine 1 phosphate/sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor axis—a unique therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Radeke Heinfried H. , Stein Jürgen
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16741 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16919
Editorial: is older‐onset ulcerative colitis more severe or less aggressively managed?
Authors: Fernandes Richard G. , Radford‐Smith Graham
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Okabayashi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16865 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16925
Editorial: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with tenofovir vs entecavir—A “knock‐out” is yet to be delivered—Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Kim W. Ray , Telep Laura E. , Chokkalingam Anand P.
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kim et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16786 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16822
Letter: long‐term colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after adenoma removal associated with heritable factors, colonoscopic surveillance and aspirin
Authors: Ji Yuan‐Yuan , Jiang Tian‐Tian , Sun Ting‐Kai , Wang Zhi‐Dong
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jodal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16686 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16929
Early predictors of corticosteroid response in acute severe autoimmune hepatitis: a nationwide multicenter study
Authors: Téllez Luis , Sánchez Rodríguez Eugenia , Rodríguez de Santiago Enrique , Llovet Laura , Gómez‐Outomuro Ana , Díaz‐Fontenla Fernando , Álvarez López Patricia , García‐Eliz María , Amaral Carla , Sánchez‐Torrijos Yolanda , Fortea José Ignacio , Ferre‐Aracil Carlos , Rodríguez‐Perálvarez Manuel , Abadía Marta , Gómez‐Camarero Judith , Olveira Antonio , Calleja José Luis , Crespo Javier , Romero Manuel , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel , Berenguer Marina , Riveiro‐Barciela Mar , Salcedo Magdalena , Rodríguez Manuel , Londoño María Carlota , Albillos Agustín
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims

To assess whether corticosteroids improve prognosis in patients with AS‐AIH, and to identify factors at therapy initiation and during therapy predictive of the response to corticosteroids.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study including all patients with AS‐AIH admitted to 13 tertiary centres from January 2002 to January 2019. The composite primary outcome was death or liver transplantation within 90 days of admission. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods were used for data analysis.

Results

Of 242 consecutive patients enrolled (mean age [SD] 49.7 [16.8] years), 203 received corticosteroids. Overall 90‐day transplant‐free survival was 61.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 55.4–67.7). Corticosteroids reduced the risk of a poor outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.25; 95% CI 0.2–0.4), but this treatment failed in 30.5%. An internally validated nomogram composed of older age, MELD, encephalopathy and ascites at the initiation of corticosteroids accurately predicted the response (C‐index 0.82; [95% CI 0.8–0.9]). In responders, MELD significantly improved from days 3 to 14 but remained unchanged in non‐responders. MELD on day 7 with a cut‐off of 25 (sensitivity 62.5%[95% CI: 47.0–75.8]; specificity 95.2% [95% CI: 89.9–97.8]) was the best univariate predictor of the response. Prolonging corticosteroids did not increase the overall infection risk (adjusted HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.3–2.1).

Conclusion

Older patients with high MELD, encephalopathy or ascites at steroid therapy initiation and during treatment are unlikely to show a favourable response and so prolonged therapy in these patients, especially if they are transplantation candidates, should be avoided.
Letter: long‐term colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after adenoma removal associated with heritable factors, colonoscopic surveillance and aspirin—authors' reply
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Bretthauer Michael , Kalager Mette , Løberg Magnus
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jodal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16686 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16922
Effects of wood kraft pulp as a partial replacement for roughage on rumen fermentation and productivity in dairy cows
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Hasunuma Toshiya , Manabe Noriyoshi , Osawa Ryo , Kawashima Kenji , Fukui Yoji , Ueno Yutaka , Kurosu Kazuhiro , Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Terada Fuminori , Sato Shigeru , Sugino Toshihisa , Kushibiki Shiro
Published: April 2022

In this study, we evaluated the partial replacement of roughage with wood kraft pulp (KP) on rumen fermentation and productivity of dairy cows. Eighteen cows were divided into control and KP groups. The KP group started adaptation to KP 3 weeks before calving; after calving, they were fed a total mixed ration for 12 weeks, wherein 18% Timothy hay was replaced with KP. The dry matter intake, body weight, and milk yield and composition were similar in the control and KP groups. The average daily rumen pH was higher with KP feeding, and the average daily ruminal temperature remained lower at 16 days after calving (P < 0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids remained unaltered, the molar proportion of acetic acid decreased, and the molar proportion of propionic acid increased, indicating a low acetic acid:propionic acid ratio (P < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide activity in the rumen fluid was higher in the KP group (P < 0.05); however, the rumen microbiota were unaffected. The digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber increased 12 weeks after calving, whereas excretion of urinary nitrogen decreased (P < 0.05). Partial replacement of roughage with KP did not suppress rumen fermentation and maintained postpartum productivity.
Reduction of the occurrence of incorrect stunning and the occurrence of reflexes and reactions in cattle after pneumatically powered captive‐bolt stunning in comparison with cartridge‐fired captive‐bolt stunning
Authors: Kaluza Michal , Vecerek Vladimir , Voslarova Eva , Kamenik Josef , Konvalinova Jarmila , Valkova Lenka , Takacova Daniela
Published: April 2022

In this study, the occurrence of repeat stunning, deviations in placement and direction of stun shots, and the occurrence of reflexes/reactions following stunning with a pneumatically powered captive‐bolt stunner in comparison with a cartridge‐fired captive‐bolt stunner in cattle were assessed. Repeat stunning and deviations in placement and direction of the stun shots were less frequent (p < 0.01) with the use of a pneumatic stunner in all cattle. The rate of repeat stunning and deviation from the ideal place and direction of stun shots were lower (5.81%, 24.75%, and 9.60% of all animals, respectively) when a pneumatic stunner was used in comparison with cartridge‐fired captive bolt (18.32%, 34.03%, and 47.38% of all animals, respectively). The stunning quality was assessed on the basis of evaluation of signs observed following the stun shot. A pneumatic stunning resulted in a significant reduction of occurrence of signs particularly in bulls in comparison to cows, for which a cartridge‐fired stunner already provides an adequate stunning. Our study provides evidence that pneumatic stunning has the potential to be a more effective method than cartridge‐fired stunning from the viewpoint of the welfare of slaughtered animals. Pneumatic stunning ensures a high quality of stunning in both bulls and cows.
Understanding the new BRD4‐related syndrome: Clinical and genomic delineation with an international cohort study
Authors: Jouret Guillaume , Heide Solveig , Sorlin Arthur , Faivre Laurence , Chantot‐Bastaraud Sandra , Beneteau Claire , Denis‐Musquer Marie , Turnpenny Peter D. , Coutton Charles , Vieville Gaëlle , Thevenon Julien , Larson Austin , Petit Florence , Boudry Elise , Smol Thomas , Delobel Bruno , Duban‐Bedu Bénédicte , Fallerini Chiara , Mari Francesca , Lo Rizzo Caterina , Renieri Alessandra , Caberg Jean‐Hubert , Denommé‐Pichon Anne‐Sophie , Tran Mau‐Them Frédéric , Maystadt Isabelle , Courtin Thomas , Keren Boris , Mouthon Linda , Charles Perrine , Cuinat Silvestre , Isidor Bertrand , Theis Philippe , Müller Christian , Kulisic Marizela , Türkmen Seval , Stieber Daniel , Bourgeois Dominique , Scalais Emmanuel , Klink Barbara
Published: April 2022

BRD4 is part of a multiprotein complex involved in loading the cohesin complex onto DNA, a fundamental process required for cohesin‐mediated loop extrusion and formation of Topologically Associating Domains. Pathogenic variations in this complex have been associated with a growing number of syndromes, collectively known as cohesinopathies, the most classic being Cornelia de Lange syndrome. However, no cohort study has been conducted to delineate the clinical and molecular spectrum of BRD4‐related disorder. We formed an international collaborative study, and collected 14 new patients, including two fetuses. We performed phenotype and genotype analysis, integrated prenatal findings from fetopathological examinations, phenotypes of pediatric patients and adults. We report the first cohort of patients with BRD4‐related disorder and delineate the dysmorphic features at different ages. This work extends the phenotypic spectrum of cohesinopathies and characterize a new clinically relevant and recognizable pattern, distinguishable from the other cohesinopathies.
The roles of polymer relaxation phenomena, aqueous dye solubility and the physical properties of water in the mechanism of adsorption of a disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres: Part 2 dye solubility
Authors: Burkinshaw Stephen M. , Liu Kangsheng
Published: April 2022

The marked temperature‐dependent uptake of a commercial disperse dye on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric achieved during an aqueous high temperature dyeing process is the likely amalgamation of at least two separate, but intrinsically inter‐related, thermally activated processes, namely, poly(ethylene terephthalate) structural relaxations, as articulated in terms of polymer chain segmental mobility and available free volume, in which glass transition adopts a principal role, as well as disperse dye aqueous solubility. Both polymer relaxation times and disperse dye solubility therefore assume crucially important roles in the mechanism of adsorption of disperse dyes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres.