bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedents Affecting Teacher Performance At Smpit Annur Cikarang Timur
Authors: Fauzi Tomy Johan , Ghafar Abdul
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the influence of the principal's leadership style and school climate on teacher performance at SMPIT Annur Cikarang Timur. This study used a multiple linear regression analysis method to analyze the collected data. The results of this study show that simultaneously, the principal's leadership style and school climate have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. The simultaneous hypothesis test confirms that the principal's leadership style and school climate contribute significantly to teacher performance at SMPIT Annur Cikarang Timur. These results indicate that the role of the headmaster in developing an effective leadership style and creating a conducive school climate is critical in improving teacher performance. In addition, the hypothesis test partially showed that each of the variables, namely the principal's leadership style and school climate, positively and significantly influence individual teacher performance. Thus, the results of this study make an essential contribution to improving teacher performance and school management. The practical implications of this research are the importance of developing effective principal leadership and creating a conducive school climate as factors that can improve teacher motivation and performance. This research can also be a foundation for developing better school management strategies at SMPIT Annur Cikarang Timur and similar educational institutions
Tinjauan Urgensi Manajemen Kesiswaan Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Ristianah Niken
Published: November 2023

Student management is a process of managing all matters relating to student in a school starting from planning student admission, coaching carried out while students are at school, until students complete their education at school throught creating a learning atmosphere that is condusive to the on going learning process affective teaching or learning. With student management, institutions can organize student affairs both in terms of student need, recruitment, selection, orientation, class placement, and coaching and development of students both in curricular and extracurricular and more importantly recording and reporting of graduation result, and recording of student who continue other education and alumni. The generalobjective of student management is to regulate all activities related to students so that these activities can support the teaching and learning process in schools, so that activities can run smoothly, orderly, and can contributed to achieving school goals and overall education goals
Neue Facebook-Terms, Netzneutralitäts-Entwurf, FISA-Anfragen
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Facebook ändert die Datenschutzregeln, ein neuer Entwurf der EU-Kommission zur Netzneutralität wird bekannt, Google und Microsoft klagen für mehr Transparenz bei staatlicher Überwachung. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick, SAP-Lizenzen und Domainrechte.  „Sponsored Stories”: Neue Datenschutzregeln bei Facebook  Facebook hat vergangene Woche damit begonnen, neue Nutzungsbedingungen einzuführen.
Was ändert sich mit dem Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger?
Authors: Kreutzer Till
Published: November 2023

Am 1. August 2013 tritt das umstrittene Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger in Kraft. Weiterhin herrscht Unsicherheit, was das Gesetz bedeutet, wer von ihm betroffen ist und was die Betroffenen jetzt tun können oder sollten. Hier ein Überblick über die wichtigsten Fragen und der Versuch, sie zu beantworten. (1) Wer kann das neue Recht nutzen? (2) Sind Blogger und Satiriker Presseverleger?
Google: Ein Werkzeug des Wissens, eine technokratische Macht
Authors:   Ippolita
Published: November 2023

Google durchsucht und akkumuliert das Wissen der Welt für gezielte, kapillare Werbung. Das Pagerank-Verfahren gilt als elektronische Variante der direkten Demokratie, doch seine genaue Funktionsweise bleibt uns verschlossen. Das italienische Autorenkollektiv Ippolita hält die kritische Neugier der Hackerethik dagegen.
Wikimedia-Justiziar Geoff Brigham: „Jeden Tag rufen Streithähne aus aller Welt an, um Inhalte zu entfernen”
Authors: Weitzmann John Hendrik
Published: November 2023

Geoff Brigham ist Justiziar der Wikimedia Foundation, der Stiftung hinter der Wikipedia. Im iRights.info-Interview spricht er darüber, was er dort macht, wie die Stiftung mit der Community der Autorenschaft zusammenarbeitet und wie der Autorenschwarm bei politisch-rechtlichen Fragen Entscheidungen trifft.
Wenn die Politik wenig erreicht, müssen die Nutzer den Selbstschutz erhöhen
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Geheimdienst-Programme wie Prism werden in naher Zukunft nicht demokratisch zu kontrollieren sein, sagt der österreichische Journalist und Überwachungsexperte Erich Moechel. Internetnutzern bleibe daher nur, ebenso wie Unternehmen selbst für mehr Sicherheit vor Datenschnüfflern zu sorgen und die richtigen Dienste auszuwählen.
Bundesrat: Ausschüsse kritisieren Zweitveröffentlichungs-Entwurf – und empfehlen Zustimmung
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Der Rechtsausschuss sowie der Ausschuss für Kulturfragen des Bundesrates erheben ihren Zeigefinger, da die Gesetzesänderungen der Koalition beim Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht nicht weit genug gingen. Gleichzeitig legen sie dem Bundesrat die Zustimmung nah. Am 20. September wird es im Bundesrat um Urheberrechtsreformen gehen.
Kein Plagiat: Bundesgerichtshof über Ähnlichkeiten zu Pippi Langstrumpf
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Der Bundesgerichtshof wies gestern eine Klage zurück, bei der es um die Bewerbung eines „Pippi Langstrumpf“-Faschingskostüms in einem Verkaufsprospekt einer deutschen Supermarktkette ging. Das meldet AFP, wie auf diversen Nachrichtensites zu lesen ist: In dem Foto zweier Models in diesem Kostüm sah die schwedische Erbengemeinschaft Saltkråkan ein Plagiat.
ICANN: „Wir arbeiten daran, dass das deutsche Recht in Deutschland berücksichtigt wird“
Authors: Gillen Tobias
Published: November 2023

Akram Atallah verwaltet als Präsident der Generic Domain Division der Internet-Regulierungsbehörde ICANN das Bewerbungsverfahren für neue Top Level Domains – etwa .book oder .app. Im Interview mit iRights.info spricht er über den Streit Amazons mit anderen Bewerbern, wirft einen Blick hinter die Kulissen des neuen Programms und verspricht, sich an deutsches Recht zu halten.
Vatikan warnt vor Verhinderung des Blindenvertrags
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Gleich am zweiten Tag der internationalen diplomatischen Konferenz in Marrakesch liest der vatikanische UN-Gesandte den Teilnehmern bei der World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) die Leviten. Sie sollen den Einflussnahmen Dritter widerstehen und den Blindenvertrag auf keinen Fall scheitern lassen.
Neue Verwertungsgesellschaft C3S sammelt 118.923 Euro
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

79 Tage hat sie gesammelt, 118.923 Euro sind es geworden: Das hat die Cultural Commons Collecting Society bis gestern Mitternacht per Crowdfunding erreicht. Die erste Etappe – 50.000 Euro Eigenkapital für die Gründung – hatte die GEMA-Alternative, die langsam Konturen annimmt, schon nach drei Wochen genommen. Am Mittwoch hat sich die C3S dann auch formell als Europäische Genossenschaft gegründet.
Livestream zum Urheberkongress 2013 #uhk13
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: November 2023

Hier gibt es den Urheberkongress 2013 bis ca. 18.15 h im Livestream.
Von Schranken und Geschäftsmodellen – Verlage und Wissenschaftler kommen nicht zusammen
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Im dritten und letzten Block des Urheberkongresses 2013 ging es um Wissenschaft und Bildung. Auf der einen Seite fürchten Verlage um ihre Geschäftsmodelle in der digitalen Welt, auf der anderen sind Lehrer und Wissenschaftler in ihrer Arbeit durch das geltende Recht eingeschränkt. Beide sind unzufrieden mit der Situation.
W3C-Direktor Berners-Lee verteidigt Kopierschutz für Webstandard HTML5
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Soll HTML als Standard des offenen Web Kopierschutz unterstützen? Schon seit einiger Zeit wird darüber nicht nur in den Kreisen des Web-Gremiums W3C erbittert diskutiert. Genau genommen geht es um „Encrypted Media Extensions” – Schnittstellen, über die kopiergeschützte Inhalte auch direkt im Browser abspielbar werden sollen. Netflix, Microsoft und Google haben dazu einen Entwurf vorgelegt.
VG Wort verliert Ausschüttungsstreit, Datenschutzverordnung, Jugendschutz-Filter
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Die VG Wort verliert vor dem Berufungsgericht im Streit um Ausschüttungen, der Innenausschuss im EU-Parlament einigt sich auf einen Kompromisstext zur Datenschutzverordnung, Kritik an Filterprogrammen für Jugendliche. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Rechtsprechung zur Haftungsprivilegierung, öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk.
Eine Informationsgesellschaft ist immer eine Überwachungsgesellschaft
Authors: Knoke Felix
Published: November 2023

Der Überwachungsskandal hat Vertrauen zerstört und die Koordinaten der Informationsgesellschaft verschoben. Doch die versprochene Effizienz von „Big Data” und Überwachung sind zwei Seiten derselben Medaille, kommentiert Felix Knoke. Dem Internet als Kommunikationskanal kann man nicht länger vertrauen.
Das Internet ist nicht kaputt, Rückzug ist keine Lösung
Authors:   Gastautor
Published: November 2023

Resignation ist die falsche Antwort auf den Überwachungsskandal um Prism, Tempora & Co. Wenn das Internet ein Werkzeug der Kooperation und Kommunikation für alle bleiben soll, sind politische Antworten gefragt. Ein Gastkommentar von Jürger Geuter.
Cloud-News: SSL-Verschlüsselung, Späh-Affäre, Spotify-Streit
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Auch verschlüsselte Datenverbindungen können offenbar von Geheimdiensten ausgespäht werden, Datenschützer kritisieren mangelnde Aufklärung der Späh-Affäre, Streit um Playlists bei Spotify, Warten auf Spiele-Streaming in Europa. Die Cloud-News der Woche:  Bericht: Geheimdienste können auch verschlüsselten Datentransport ausspähen  Auch verschlüsselte Verbindungen über den SSL- bzw.
Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht: Die Richtung stimmt, die Details enttäuschen
Authors: Pampel Heinz
Published: November 2023

Gleichsam in letzter Minute hat der Bundestag am Donnerstag ein Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht für wissenschaftliche Urheber beschlossen. Heinz Pampel bewertet den Beschluss aus Sicht der Wissenschaft und die weiteren Aussichten für Open Access. Der Bundestag hat gestern mit der Mehrheit von Union und FDP die Einführung eines Zweitveröffentlichungsrechts beschlossen.
Es geht um mehr als Gehaltserhöhungen
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Heute setzten Journalistengewerkschaften und Zeitungsverleger-Verband ihre Tarifverhandlungen für Zeitungsredakteure fort – sie blieben ergebnislos. Über die Gehaltsverhandlungen hinaus wollen die Verleger offenbar den rund 14.000 festangestellten Redakteuren weitergehende Nutzungsrechte an deren Texten „abkaufen“. Das rituelle Säbelrasseln der Kontrahenten geht wohl weiter.
Stiftung Warentest: Viele Mängel bei AGB und Datenschutz von E-Book-Portalen
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Die Nutzungsbedingungen und der Umgang mit Nutzerdaten sind bei vielen E-Book-Portalen kritisch. Das geht aus einer Untersuchung der Stiftung Warentest hervor, die zehn Anbieter unter die Lupe genommen hat. Amazons Kindle-Shop kosteten die Mängel in den AGB sogar den sonst erreichten Testsieg.
PGP und der Kampf um Verschlüsselung
Authors: Baumgärtel Tilman
Published: November 2023

Schon Mitte der neunziger Jahre warnte der PGP-Entwickler Phil Zimmermann, dass E-Mail-Kommunikation einfach, automatisch und unbemerkt großflächig überwacht werden kann. Heute kann jeder Bürger Verschlüsselungstechniken einsetzen, dennoch sind die Auseinandersetzungen darüber nicht abgeklungen. Auf der einen Seite: Die USA und ihre Spionageagentur NSA, die einen ungesunden Appetit auf die Daten der Weltbevölkerung entwickelt hat.
Gedichte schreiben im Labor: Wie Forscher das Urheberrecht untersuchen
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Sarah Laskow berichtet in der Columbia Journalism Review über einen neuen Schwung an Forschungen zum Urheberrecht, die empirisch und nicht nur rechtstheoretisch arbeiten. Bemerkenswert daran ist zunächst, dass es solche Untersuchungen überhaupt gibt: Vorgestellt werden unter anderem Arbeiten von Christopher Buccafusco, Professor am Illinois Institute of Technology, und Christopher Sprigman, Rechtsprofessor an der New York University.
Was ist iRights.info? – Logos und Banner
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: November 2023

iRights.info ist Informationsplattform und Online-Magazin in einem. Seit 2005 beantworten wir Fragen zum Urheberrecht und weiteren Rechtsgebieten. iRights.info berichtet tagesaktuell in Hintergrundberichten, Nachrichten, Features und anderen Publikationen. Unser Ziel ist es, für ein besseres Verständnis des Urheberrechts und anderer Rechtsgebiete in der digitalen Welt zu sorgen. Was ist iRights.info? Wer ist iRights.info?
A simple, old-school paper about bifurcated cervical ribs
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: November 2023

Everybody(*) knows that the turiasaurian sauropod  Moabosaurus  has bifurcated cervical ribs: it was all anyone was talking about back when that animal was described (Britt et al. 2017). We’ve featured the best rib here before, and here it is again: (*) All right, but you know what I mean.
Unternehmen dürfen Fanpages betreiben, unseriöse Geschäftspraktiken, 21 Millionen Löschanfragen
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Datenschützer scheitern vor dem Verwaltungsgericht Schleswig, Facebook-Fanpages von Unternehmen zu untersagen. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Gesetz gegen unseriöse Geschäftspraktiken gilt, Google erhält monatlich 21 Millionen Löschanfragen, Forenhaftung vorm EGMR, Telekom plant nationales Routing, Abgeordneten-Überwachung, Rundfunkbeitrag und Störerhaftung.
„Survey Bay”: Die Vermessung der Filesharer
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Die Cybernorms Research Group der Universität Lund hat Umfragedaten über 75.000 Nutzer der Piratebay auf der Website „The Survey Bay” veröffentlicht, die Aufschluss über deren Nutzungsgewohnheiten und Ansichten bieten. Die Daten stammen aus einer Online-Umfrage, die im April 2011 auf der Filesharing-Plattform verlinkt wurde. Die Forscher sprechen von der bislang größten Erhebung in einer Filesharing-Community.
„Nicht kreativ genug”: Eine Porno-Ente erobert die Schlagzeilen
Authors: Weitzmann John Hendrik
Published: November 2023

Das Landgericht München hat angeblich ein Urteil gefällt, in dem es irgendwie um Pornos geht. Worum genau, darüber kursieren jetzt viele Missverständnisse. Sind Pornos nicht geschützt? Dürfen Nutzer sie jetzt per Filesharing tauschen? Im Kern geht es um dröges Prozessrecht. In den letzten Tagen machte eine Meldung die Runde. Der Tenor: Pornofilme seien nicht kreativ genug, um urheberrechtlich geschützt zu sein.
Enjott Schneider: „Das Urheberrecht war einst Garant für freie Meinung und Persönlichkeitsschutz.”
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Drei Fragen zur Zukunft des Urheberrechts* an Enjott Schneider, dem Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden der GEMA. Schneider fordert weniger „harte Bandagen” für Verwertungsgesellschaften und sieht Individualität, Freiheit und kulturelle Vielfalt durch Datenkonzerne bedroht.
Google muss sich Datenschützern erklären
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Zusammen mit fünf weiteren europäischen Datenschutzbehörden hat der Hamburgische Datenschutzbeauftragte ein Verwaltungsverfahren gegen Google eingeleitet. Die Datenschützer wollen das Unternehmen zur Umstellung seiner Datenschutzbestimmungen bringen. 14 Monate nach Veröffentlichung neuer Datenschutzbestimmungen durch Google hat der Hamburgische Datenschutzbeauftragte Johannes Caspar ein Verwaltungsverfahren gegen das Unternehmen eingeleitet.
Enhancing road performance measurement in Indonesia: Proposed changes and future directions
Authors: Sita Tisara , Taufik Mulyono , Utomo Suryo
Published: November 2023

This research aims to evaluate the fulfillment criteria of road performance indicators in the current long segment scheme in Indonesia by considering road performance indicators in other countries in PMBC. The research utilized the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) model in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The respondents were service providers and users, and the sampling technique was random. The study found that all significant road performance indicators affect the latent variable, based on the evaluation of road performance indicators listed in the 2018 Revision 2 General Specification of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing that are currently in effect. The CFA on 40 road performance indicators indicates that nine indicators do not have a significant influence on road performance. Therefore, only 31 indicators are proposed concerning response time. In addition, new road performance indicators, such as uneven patching, raveling, and dirty drainage, are proposed to be included. Response time to the indicators also needs to be updated based on service users' and providers' questionnaire survey results. This study provides valuable information for policymakers and stakeholders to improve road preservation outcomes in Indonesia.
Teatro Carlos Gomes de Blumenau – SC: música e política na identidade cultural blumenauense
Authors: Werling Camila , Oliveira Márcia Ramos de
Published: November 2023

Este texto apresenta o surgimento do Teatro Carlos Gomes em Blumenau/SC, considerado um monumento alusivo a identidade e representação da história da comunidade que ali se formou a partir da colonização alemã naquele território. Inicialmente identificado como Teatro Frohsin, pode ser considerado sinônimo da representação simbólica de memórias, disputas de poder e identidades locais. Este artigo apresenta esta instituição como objeto, instrumento e espaço de poder, diante da herança civilizatória a que está associado. A pesquisa tem como base um conjunto de documentos encontrados no Arquivo Histórico José Ferreira da Silva e, a obra Dos camarins ao grande espetáculo: 145 anos de história do Teatro Carlos Gomes, como referência a reflexão acerca das representações identitárias que o espaço evoca a partir de sua monumentalidade, assim como do repertório musical apresentado e sua recepção.
Therapy dogs effectively reduce stress in college preparatory students
Authors: Ikeda Megan , Takushi-Isara Sherrie , Chan Yvonne L
Published: November 2023

A vast majority of high school students report feeling stressed, especially in schools with a rigorous curriculum. There are many strategies for reducing students’ stress and improving their mental health. Therapy dogs are particularly promising, as they’ve been shown to lower stress levels during a stressful test even better than a close human friend. The purpose of our study was to expand on these findings by investigating the effectiveness of therapy dogs on reducing stress levels of students who are enrolled in a school with a rigorous curriculum. We hypothesized that the time spent with a therapy dog, either before or after a stressful event, would decrease heart rate and reduce perceived stress levels. We conducted two experiments with a total of 87 high school students enrolled in advanced placement courses. In experiment one, the Sing-a-Song Stress test was followed by a therapy dog or control intervention. We observed no difference in heart rate between the dog therapy and control groups, but there was a trend towards lower State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores in the dog therapy group. In experiment two, ten minutes of dog therapy prior to three stressful Stroop tests more significantly reduced negative feelings in the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children assessment compared to silent rest. These data suggest that therapy dogs could be an effective stress reliever for college preparatory students.
A Study on Digital Healthcare in India
Authors: Makal Sudipta
Published: November 2023

Digital health refers to the amalgamation of data, technology and electronic communication in healthcare. It covers a wide range of applications, including telemedicine, electronic health records, health tracking, wearable devices and health apps, aimed at improving healthcare delivery, overall wellness, patient monitoring through digital means. Digital health holds an immense significance in India due to its potential to address challenges faced in healthcare like limited access to healthcare services in remote areas, the need for cost-effective solutions, and overburdened healthcare infrastructure. It can bridge the gaps in healthcare delivery, facilitate health data management and enable remote consultations for a large population. This paper focuses on the awareness of digital health apps among people of India and highlighting the dominance of digital healthcare in the Indian market. Survey and interview method has been selected to study the objectives of this research project.
Dynamic Economic Growth of Gambia
Authors: Alliasuddin Bakary S.
Published: November 2023

The study analyzes the economic growth of Gambia through factors such as trade openness, investment, and government spending by using a dynamic linear regression model. This study uses yearly data from 1980 to 2020 with a total sample of 41 years. The results show that government expenditure and FDI are significantly and positively related to economic growth, while trade openness, on the other hand, influences economic growth negatively in the Gambia. The Gambian government should increase its expenditure on productive sectors to improve the performance of the economic growth of the Gambia. It also needs to provide import substitute industries to encourage the dependence on local goods compared to external goods.
New Building Article
Authors: Kumar Raj
Published: November 2023

The following is a partial link of scientific journals
Criminal Liability for Environmental Pollution in Indonesian Law
Authors: Sinaga Hasudungan
Published: November 2023

This research aims to delve into criminal liability in the context of environmental pollution offenses within the criminal law domain in Indonesia. Through a normative legal research approach with an analysis of legislation regulating environmental pollution, this study identifies and specifically examines the juridical regulations related to environmental pollution offenses. The research findings affirm that the legal foundation for environmental pollution offenses in Indonesia is governed by Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Additionally, this study highlights criminal liability that can be imposed on various parties, including individuals, businesses, and officials with relevant authority. Furthermore, the research suggests that the application of law regarding environmental pollution offenses is generally found in various legal regulations governing aspects of environmental protection and management. In addition to individuals, businesses, or corporations can also be held accountable for environmental pollution offenses, as stipulated in Articles 116-118 of Law No. 32 of 2009. Taking these aspects into consideration, this research makes a significant contribution to understanding and solidifying the legal framework governing criminal liability related to environmental pollution offenses in Indonesia. This provides a strong foundation to promote awareness and compliance with environmental laws, as well as to protect the sustainability of the environment for the well-being of society and future generations
Determinants of Social Studies Curriculum Implementation by Teachers with Intellectual Disabilities in Selected Schools of Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria: Implication for Psychology
Authors: Amalu Melvina , Agbo Ntamu Blessing , Ikwen Emmanuel Uminya , Cklaimz Enamhe Dorn , Okpechi Philip Abane , Bekomson Achi Ndifon , Abang Kinsley Bekom , Chukwurah Margeret , Uzodinma Ofoegbu Jude , Denwigwe Chiaka Patience , Adie Rose Unwanung , Ogbaji Dominic Ipuole , Anthony Ukam Joy , Effiom John Edwin
Published: November 2023

Teachers with intellectual disabilities frequently have cognitive processing or perceptual problems. Visual processing problems interfere with understanding text, illustrations, and written work associated with a social studies lesson. Most social studies textbooks include many maps and graphs. For most teachers, these maps clarify the topics covered and those that should be covered as well; however, teachers with visual-spatial and visual-processing disorders may have difficulty interpreting such information. Hence, this study evaluated the factors that affected how the social studies curriculum was implemented by teachers with intellectual disabilities in a sample of schools in the Cross River State, Nigeria, Calabar South Local Government Area; implications for psychology. Two survey factors have been developed to guide the study. The variables under review were used to guide the literature review. The survey study's template was employed. Purposeful selection approaches were used to choose the 60 respondents that made up the study's sample. A structured questionnaire with 10 items and a four-point Likert scale was used to collect the results. Using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method, the instrument's approximate correlation was 0.78. The data was examined using a descriptive methodology. The findings of the study indicated that a teacher's teaching style and level of training among teachers with intellectual disabilities had an impact on how they instruct students in social studies. It was suggested that secondary school teachers with disabilities be given the opportunity to participate in curriculum development and implementation so that they can use student-centered methods in teaching.
ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุของเทศบาลเมืองมหาสารคาม จังหวัดมหาสารคาม
Authors: ตันตยานนท์ อรสุดา , สายรักษา แดนวิชัย
Published: November 2023

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: ปัจจุบันกำลังเปลี่ยนผ่านเป็นสังคมผู้สูงอายุโดยสมบูรณ์ โดยประเทศไทยมีสัดส่วนประชากรผู้สูงอายุเพิ่มขึ้น ขณะที่ประชากรในวัยแรงงานมีแนวโน้มลดลงอย่างรวดเร็วเมื่อเทียบกับประเทศอื่นๆ ในภูมิภาคอาเซียน นอกจากนี้ผลจากการเปลี่ยนผ่านสู่สังคมผู้สูงอายุของไทยจึงอาจเกิดขึ้นรวดเร็วและรุนแรงกว่าในหลายประเทศ ทั้งนี้ รัฐบาลไทยได้ให้ความสำคัญกับการเปลี่ยนผ่านเข้าสู่สังคมผู้สูงอายุและเริ่มออกมาตรการรับมือ การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ (1) เพื่อศึกษาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุ (2) เพื่อเปรียบเทียบคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้สูงอายุจำแนกตามปัจจัยส่วนบุคคล และ (3) เพื่อศึกษาข้อเสนอแนะในการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุ
ระเบียบวิธีวิจัย: การศึกษาครั้งนี้ศึกษาในพื้นที่เทศบาลเมืองมหาสารคาม จังหวัดมหาสารคาม กลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือ ประชาชนผู้สูงอายุที่อาศัยอยู่ในเขตเทศบาลเมืองมหาสรคาม จำนวน 393 คน เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบสอบถาม การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยสถิติตพรรณน t-test และ F-test
ผลการวิจัย: (1) คุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง เมื่อเรียงค่าเฉลี่ยจากมากไปน้อย ดังนี้ ด้านสิ่งแวดล้อม ด้านความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม ด้านร่างกาย และด้านจิตใจ ตามลำดับ  (2) ผลเปรียบเทียบคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุจำแนกตามเพศพบว่ามีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 จำนวน 2 ด้าน คือ ด้านความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม และด้านสิ่งแวดล้อม ส่วนการจำแนกตามอายุพบว่าโดยรวมมีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 (3) ข้อเสนอแนะในการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุของเทศบาลเมืองมหาสารคาม ดังนี้ (1) ส่งเสริมสุขภาพและกิจกรรมทางกาย (2) ส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้และกิจกรรมทางสังคม (3) ส่งเสริมการเข้าร่วมชุมชน (4) การให้บริการดูแลสุขภาพ (5) ส่งเสริมการทำงานอาชีพหรือกิจกรรมอาสา (6) การให้ความรู้เกี่ยวกับการเงินและการวางแผนการเงินในชีวิตหลังเกษียณ (7) การสนับสนุนครอบครัวและผู้ดูแล (8) การสร้างโอกาสในการทำงานร่วมกับองค์กรที่เกี่ยวข้อง และ (9) การจัดกิจกรรมสำหรับผู้สูงอายุในวันเทศบาล
สรุปผล: คุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง มีความแตกต่างทางค่าเฉลี่ยในด้านสิ่งแวดล้อม ความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม ร่างกาย และจิตใจ การเปรียบเทียบตามเพศและอายุพบว่ามีความแตกต่างทางสถิติที่มีนัยสำคัญ และมีข้อเสนอแนะในการพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตผู้สูงอายุของเทศบาลเมืองมหาสารคามทั้งด้านสุขภาพ การเรียนรู้ การเข้าร่วมชุมชน การดูแลสุขภาพ การทำงาน การวางแผนการเงิน การสนับสนุนครอบครัว การทำงานร่วมกับองค์กรที่เกี่ยวข้อง และการจัดกิจกรรมสำหรับผู้สูงอายุ
ทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน
Authors: แย้มชื่น ณัฐกานต์ , เลิศอมรศักดิ์ กัญญ์รัชการย์
Published: November 2023

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: ทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลเป็นทักษะที่ส่งเสริมการใช้เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศให้เกิดประโยชน์ เพื่อสร้างมูลค่าเพิ่มในการบริหารจัดการสถานศึกษาและการจัดการเรียนการสอน ให้เท่าทันกับการเปลี่ยนผ่านในยุคดิจิทัลได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาระดับทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัล สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน 2) ศึกษาระดับประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน 3) ศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลกับประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน 4) ศึกษาทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน
ระเบียบวิธีวิจัย: ผู้ให้ข้อมูลประกอบด้วย ผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและครู รวมทั้งสิ้น 297 คน ซึ่งได้มาโดยการสุ่มแบบแบ่งชั้นและทำการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบง่าย โดยเครื่องมือที่ใช้เป็นแบบสอบถาม มีค่าความเชื่อมั่น .93 สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์แบบเพียร์สันและการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยพหุคูณแบบขั้นตอน
ผลการวิจัย:  1) ทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัล โดยรวมทุกด้านอยู่ในระดับมาก 2) ประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา โดยรวมทุกด้านอยู่ในระดับมาก 3) ความสัมพันธ์ทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลกับประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษามีความสัมพันธ์กันทางบวกในระดับสูงเท่ากับ .873 อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ.01 4) ทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน พบว่าทักษะการคิดสร้างสรรค์ ทักษะการสื่อสาร ทักษะการใช้เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศและดิจิทัล ทักษะการมีวิสัยทัศน์ ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน ร่วมกันพยากรณ์ประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน เขตดุสิต ได้ร้อยละ 88.00 อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ 0.1
สรุปผล: ทักษะผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลมีประสิทธิภาพทุกด้านอยู่ในระดับมาก และมีความสัมพันธ์ทางบวกที่สูงร้อยละ 87.3 กับประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษาทั้งหมด ทักษะการคิดสร้างสรรค์ ทักษะการสื่อสาร ทักษะการใช้เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศและดิจิทัล และทักษะการมีวิสัยทัศน์ของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษายุคดิจิทัลมีผลต่อประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษาทั้งหมดในระดับสูง ส่งผลให้การพยากรณ์ประสิทธิผลของสถานศึกษามีความมั่นใจและเข้าใจถึงความสำคัญของทักษะผู้บริหารในการพัฒนาสถานศึกษาในยุคดิจิทัลนี้ได้ในทุกด้านของการบริหารและการพัฒนาการเรียนการสอน
Strong converse inequalities for the weighted multivariate Bernstein-Durrmeyer operator on the simplex via multipliers
Authors: Draganov Borislav
Published: November 2023

It is demonstrated that multiplier methods naturally yield better constants in strong converse inequalities for the Bernstein-Durrmeyer operator. The absolute constants obtained in some of the inequalities are independent of the weight and the dimension. The estimates are stated in terms of the K-functional that is naturally associated to the operator.
Weighted approximation by Kanotrovich type modification of Meyer-König and Zeller operator
Authors: Gadjev Ivan , Parvanov Parvan , Uluchev Rumen
Published: November 2023

We investigate the weighted approximation of functions in $L_p$-norm by Kantorovich modifications of the classical Meyer-König and Zeller operator, with weights of type $(1-x)^\alpha, \alpha \in \mathbb{R}$. By defining an appropriate K-functional we prove direct theorems for them.
On the UC and UC$^*$ properties and the existence of best proximity points in metric spaces
Authors: Zhelinski Vasil , Zlatanov Boyan
Published: November 2023

We investigate the connections between UC and UC$^*$ properties for ordered pairs of subsets $(A,B)$ in metric spaces, which are involved in the study of existence and uniqueness of best proximity points. We show that the UC property and the UC$^*$ property lead to one and the same corollaries, when iterated sequences, generated by cyclic maps, are investigated. We introduce some new notions: bounded UC (BUC) property and uniformly convex set about a function $\phi$. We prove that these new notions are generalizations of the UC property and that both of them are sufficient to ensure existence and uniqueness of best proximity points. We show that these two new notions are different from a uniform convexity and even from a strict convexity. If we consider the underlying space to be a Banach space, we find a sufficient condition which ensures that from the UC property follows the uniform convexity of the underlying Banach space. We illustrate the new notions with examples. We present an example of a cyclic contraction $T$ in a space, which is not even strictly convex and the ordered pair $(A,B)$ does not have the UC property, but has the BUC property and thus there is a unique best proximity point of $T$ in $A$.
Life and works of Dimiter Skordev
Authors: Georgiev Ivan , Zinoviev Anton
Published: November 2023

We sketch the life of Dimiter Skordev and his main mathematical works. He invented the recursively complete functions and the combinatory spaces. He obtained important results in subrecursive analysis and many other mathematical areas.
Subrecursive incomparability of the graphs of standard and dual Baire sequences
Authors: Georgiev Ivan
Published: November 2023

Our main question of interest is the existence or the non-existence of a subrecursive reduction between different representations of the irrational numbers. For any representation, considered as a total function, we consider the characteristic function of its graph. The graph is computably equivalent to the function itself, but not subrecursively equivalent. In some cases, the graph of a representation is subrecursively equivalent to an already known representation, but in other cases it is a new representation. In the present paper we undertake a systematic study of the graphs of standard and dual Baire sequences. By combining our new results with the previously known results on the graph of the continued fraction, we obtain a total of eight new subrecursive degrees, which lie strictly between the Dedekind cut and the continued fraction.
Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Primary Schools in a Province of Northern Thailand
Authors: Srikwan Napamas , Klunklin Pimpaporn , Sripichyakarn Kasara , Tamdee Decha , Lirtmunlikaporn Sumalee , Aekwarangkoon Saifon
Published: November 2023

Implementing comprehensive sexuality education combats unsafe sexual behavior among children and adolescents. However, risky sexual behavior among teenagers still exists globally, including in Thailand. This qualitative descriptive research aimed to explore the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education in primary schools in a province of northern Thailand and to identify facilitators and barriers related to its implementation. Data were collected from June 2021 to May 2022 through in-depth interviews with 15 primary school teachers and nine primary school principals/deputy directors of academic affairs and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: 1) Promoting implementation of comprehensive sexuality education, including the policy level and the teacher levels, 2) Informal teaching, including non-compulsory subjects, differential content coverage, teaching informal style, availability of teaching aids, and unstructured evaluation, 3) Motivation as a facilitator for implementing comprehensive sexuality education, including teachers’ eagerness, children’s enthusiasm, changes in children’s outcomes, and support for teaching comprehensive sexuality education, and 4) Challenges and overcoming the barriers to implementing comprehensive sexuality education, including traditional vs. a paradigm shift, sensitive issues, lack of coordination, and lack of continuity and sustainability.
            The findings provide essential evidence that informal teaching in comprehensive sexuality education as a non-compulsory subject is valued, but some barriers should be eliminated by nurses to enhance children’s well-being and actively contribute to the prevention of health issues, including comprehensive sexuality education. Additionally, nurses play an active role in developing prevention programs and promoting healthy lifestyles, which encompass comprehensive sexuality education. The collaboration among nurses, school administrators, and teachers would support the effectiveness of implementing comprehensive sexuality education.
Polyester Mesh with Liquid Adhesive Compared to Incisional Negative Pressure 2 Therapy for Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty in the 90-day Postoperative Period
Authors: Kunes Jennifer A , Genualdi Joseph R , Held Michael B , Geller Jeffrey A , Shah Roshan P , Neuwirth Alexander L
Published: November 2023

Background

Some data suggest higher rates of superficial wound complications following direct anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty (DAA-THA) compared to other approaches, likely owing to proximity of the incision to the groin crease. Increased body mass index (BMI) has also been associated with increased superficial wound complications regardless of approach. We investigated superficial wound complications following DAA-THA comparing two different dressing types, polyester mesh (PM) with liquid adhesive and incisional negative pressure therapy (iNPT), with additional analysis of the association of BMI and medical comorbidities with wound complications in each dressing type cohort.

Methods

Consecutive DAA-THAs were assessed (n = 711 total, 213 iNPT, 498 PM). Superficial or deep wound complications within 3 months of surgery were recorded. Demographics were compared using student’s t-test with Welch’s correction and Chi-square tests, where appropriate. Logistic regression on wound complication included the following variables: patient BMI, dressing type, active tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and anemia. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The overall rate of wound complication was 9.00%. Wound dehiscence was the most frequent complication, affecting 26 patients (3.66%) overall. Multiple logistic regression showed that BMI and tobacco smoking were associated with increased wound complications (aOR=1.072, p=0.007; aOR=3.258, p=0.009) and that PM use was associated with fewer wound complications when compared to iNPT (aOR=0.555, p=0.047).

Conclusions

In this investigation, PM dressings after DAA-THA were associated with decreased risk of wound complication compared to iNPT. Secondarily, smoking and increased BMI were risk factors for postoperative wound complications.
Grupo de trabalho e estudo de caso como espaço de formações: Professor, são dois números depois da vírgula?!
Authors: Barbosa Edson Pereira
Published: November 2023

Este texto tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão a respeito do potencial dos grupos de trabalho (GT) associado ao estudo de caso como alternativa para que, professores que ensinam matemática na educação básica, à medida que discutem, construam estratégias didático-pedagógicas personalizadas aos seus alunos e constituam ambiente de formação mútua. Tomando como referências teórico-metodológicas o Modelo dos Campos Semânticos (Lins, 2012), por meio de uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, registramos por meio de anotações em caderno de campo dados referentes a dois encontros, nos quais professores que ensinam matemática analisaram um caso e elaboraram propostas de tarefas, a partir de situações do cotidiano de seus alunos, para abordar arredondamento e a quantidade de dígitos após vírgula em números decimais. Como resultado apresentamos as sugestões de tarefas elaboradas e tecemos algumas considerações que indicam potencial do estudo de caso em grupo de trabalho como espaço de formação e desenvolvimento profissional docente.
Peran Hukum Perlidungan Konsumen dalam Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Pasar Industri Elektoronik di Indonesia
Authors: Alaysia Amaylia Noor , Ghozali Falah Al
Published: November 2023

This research examines the crucial role of consumer protection law in building market trust. Through a case study of the implementation of consumer protection regulations in the electronic industry in Indonesia, this study demonstrates that government efforts to safeguard consumers have successfully enhanced trust in electronic products and aims to provide a better understanding of how consumer protection laws can play a major role in building consumer confidence and advancing the global economy. This research was conducted using normative juridical methods which involved the study and interpretation of various regulations and laws related to consumer protection in various countries or regions. In describing the implications of consumer protection laws, researchers use case studies to provide concrete illustrations of how these laws are applied in real situations. The research findings also highlight positive economic impacts, as increased consumer trust stimulates market growth and provides incentives for manufacturers to improve the quality of their products. This study underscores the importance of strengthening and maintaining consumer protection systems to ensure a healthy and sustainable market in the future.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas peran penting hukum perlindungan konsumen dalam membangun kepercayaan pasar. Melalui studi kasus implementasi regulasi perlindungan konsumen di industri elektronik di Indonesia, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya pemerintah untuk melindungi konsumen telah berhasil meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen terhadap produk elektronik dan bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana hukum perlindungan konsumen dapat memainkan peran utama dalam membangun kepercayaan konsumen dan memajukan ekonomi global. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif yang melibatkan pengkajian dan interpretasi berbagai regulasi dan hukum yang terkait dengan perlindungan konsumen di berbagai negara atau wilayah. Dalam menggambarkan implikasi hukum perlindungan konsumen, peneliti menggunakan studi kasus untuk memberikan ilustrasi konkret tentang bagaimana hukum ini diterapkan dalam situasi nyata. Hasil penelitian juga menyoroti dampak positif secara ekonomi bahwa kepercayaan konsumen yang meningkat dapat mendorong pertumbuhan pasar dan memberikan insentif bagi produsen untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk mereka. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan dan pemeliharaan sistem perlindungan konsumen untuk memastikan pasar yang sehat dan berkelanjutan di masa depan.

Kata kunci: Industri Elektronik, Kepercayaan Pasar, Perlindungan Konsumen
RECURSOS PEDAGÓGICOS ADAPTADOS & AUTISMO
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Mônica Helena , Vieira da Silva do Amparo Flávia
Published: November 2023

Inserido no campo da Educação Inclusiva, o presente artigo originou-se de uma pesquisa realizada no Mestrado Profissional do Colégio Pedro II-RJ. O interesse pelo tema foi provocado pela demanda docente em produzir intervenções pedagógicas motivadoras, acessíveis e de baixo custo, para atender à diversidade do público-alvo do atendimento educacional especializado. A fim de responder à questão central, traçou-se como objetivo geral analisar a importância do uso da estratégia pedagógica Livro-Objeto enquanto recurso de mediação da aprendizagem para estimular discentes com autismo, a partir do viés da educação lúdica. As informações para desenvolver o assunto foram colhidas através de análise documental, observação participante, entrevistas, além de anotações e registros com imagem/som durante a aplicação do recurso didático. A fundamentação teórica foi baseada, principalmente, na perspectiva de Bersch (2006) sobre Tecnologia Assistiva, Vygotsky (1991) sobre mediação e desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, Kishimoto (2011) sobre educação lúdica e Rojo (2012) sobre multiletramentos. O trabalho utilizou a metodologia do estudo de caso baseado no enfoque qualitativo à luz de Yin (2001). A experiência pedagógica foi realizada com discentes da Sala de Recursos Multifuncionais de uma escola pública municipal de Niterói-RJ. O estudo alcança relevância por contribuir para o acesso dessas crianças ao aprendizado, aprofundar o conhecimento acerca da aplicabilidade de recursos pedagógicos acessíveis e por colaborar para a renovação do fazer docente, sugerindo a construção de novas estratégias de mediação pedagógica. Na perspectiva inclusiva, em face da busca docente para alcançar uma intermediação mais efetiva, a avaliação dos resultados obtidos a partir da experiência com o Livro-Objeto demonstrou um melhor desempenho e ampliação do interesse, da autonomia e da interação social dos educandos com autismo nas práticas de sala de aula.
COTIDIANO E FESTEJOS NA COMUNIDADE PANTANEIRA DE SÃO PEDRO DE JOSELÂNDIA – BARÃO DE MELGAÇO/MT
Authors: Dos Anjos Oliveira Itamara , Salete Grando Beleni
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo, discute-se a construção das identidades individuais e coletivas por meio das práticas culturais, especialmente as festas populares votivas. Reflete-se sobre os conceitos de cultura, lugares de memória, identidade e aprendizagem a partir de uma análise bibliográfica. Além disso, examinam-se aspectos sobre a Festa Popular Votiva dedicada a São Pedro, realizada na comunidade de São Pedro, distrito de Joselândia, localizado no município de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso. A festa, como prática cultural, contribui para a construção de identidades da comunidade, em uma inter-relação com tradição e sentimento de pertencimento ao grupo. Assim, entende-se que as festas populares votivas são ferramentas importantes para a construção das culturas dos grupos e suas identidades coletivas e individuais.
DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NAKURU TOWN, KENYA
Authors: Odhiambo Simon Peter Ochieng
Published: November 2023

The Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) are financial institutions in the line of co-operatives societies that aims to meet common needs of the members through savings mobilization, loans and financial advisory services. They enhance economic growth and development by availing funds to members so as to engage in viable business ventures. Despite this contribution, SACCOs have not been able to perform effectively in Kenya due to financial instability in their operations. Therefore, the researcher felt the need to investigate the determinants of financial performance of Saccos in Nakuru Town, Kenya. The objectives of the research study were based on; membership size, frequency of supervision and employment management practices. It was further guided by theories; organizational theory and trade-off theory. Descriptive survey research design was employed and helped in detailed capture of important information for the study. Census technique was used to include all Managers of 32 SACCOs in Nakuru town who provided data through structured questionnaires. Inferential and descriptive statistical methods incorporated means, standard errors, correlation coefficients and regression coefficients to analyze the data. The study findings showed that membership size affected financial performance of SACCOs. The correlation between the membership size and financial performance was positive and statistically significant (r= 0.564; p<0.001). The employment management practices were found to affect financial performance as expenditure was 35.8% lower (P< 0.1) within the budgeted estimates. SACCOs were recommended to improve their service delivery to attract more potential members and still keep the existing ones. The researcher further recommended better alignment of employment management practices to organization structure to make them more relevant as they play key role in financial performance. This research work would benefit the Saccos through encouraging them to engage in practices that can lead to financial stability in their organizations. As such, they will be able to deal with obstacles that hinder their service delivery to their members.