bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O2O Adoption Benefits: A Managerial Perspective of Customer Benefits
Authors: Ram Jiwat , Manoharan Ashokkumar , Sun Siyao
Published: January 2021

Online‑to‑offline (O2O) is a fast‑growing business innovation, pointing online customers to physical locations where they can more closely inspect – and purchase – their desired products, or can collect them after ordering online. However, the growth of O2O may be limited by the lack of reliable understanding of its benefits to customers. This study aims to remedy this lack of knowledge, by analyzing the transcripts of 24 semi‑structured interviews with managers. The study finds that O2O benefits customers in three main ways: (1) making more informed decisions, (2) receiving timely information on discounts and sales, leading to time and cost savings, and (3) having direct interaction opportunities with the business ‑ something which is not the case in a pure online business. Contrary to general understanding, the results show that offering discounts as a benefit to customers is an approach that is not necessarily applicable across‑the‑board, because in some industries the margins are too low to offer any discounts. Further work may be needed to examine the relevance of discount as a customer benefit proposition for adopting O2O. We also find that the time saving benefit to customers remains a contentious issue, as the availability of too much choice may lead to customers spending too much time investigating the product/service, thereby delaying their decisions and ultimately negating any benefits. The results contribute to e‑commerce literature in building the theoretical understanding of the perceived benefits of O2O for customers from a managerial perspective. The identification of O2O benefits for customers will also help in understanding the behaviors and intentions as well as perceived value of adoption and acceptance of newer forms of technological ‑oriented innovations such as O2O in general. Managers can use the results for business‑case development and strategizing benefits realization of adopting O2O. The results will help managers in creating tailored strategies to integrate features and functionalities in the software products used for O2O to ensure that identified benefits are provided to the customers, thus improving the chances of successful realization.
Sabiedrības iesaistes akcija “Lasi skaļi”: estētiskie un izglītojošie dzejas ieskaņošanas aspekti
Authors: Eglāja Kristsone Eva , Raudive Signe
Published: January 2021

Keywords: children’s poetry, public engagement, reading aloud, recording of poetry, Veidenbaums The development of public engagement technologies has provided new ways of ensuring societal participation. Public engagement events developed by various institutions provide ways to combine learning about cultural heritage with individual participants. Poetry readings serve as one of the ways the sound of Latvian literature and particularly Latvian classical poetry can be updated. The authors of this article analyse the first two public engagement actions (“Skandē Veidenbaumu” and “Lasīsim dzejiņas” of the series “Lasi skaļi” (Read Aloud) launched by the Institute of Literature, Folklore, and Art of the University of Latvia. During these events, participants were given the opportunity to record thematically-selected poems in the audio recording booth of the Latvian National Library or, as an alternative, to record a poem on their computer or mobile device and upload them to the action site. The events combined the creation of a recorded body of poetry readings with related educational content and represent one of the newer educational methods for reaching the general public and some of its subgroups (children, pupils, students, etc.). Through these events, the public was given the opportunity to become acquainted with Latvian cultural heritage while simultaneously creating new cultural artifacts. The participants creatively used different approaches of performance, recording the poems in a variety of voices, singing, or even incorporating digital sound processing programmes. They actively seized on the opportunity to create new versions of poems that had already been set to music. The main reasons for rejecting any particular recording were buffoonery or cursing during the recording process, or having left the recording unfinished. Both events resulted in more than 4,500 audio recordings which were then stored in the digital archive of the Institute. The set of recordings could be of interest to researchers in the fields of linguistics, sociolinguistics and computer linguistics, as it provides a unique representation of pronunciation during a specific period of time performed by people of different ages, genders, and nationalities.
Interešu pārstāvniecība. Vēlētāji apspriež Saeimas darbu Latvijas Televīzijas raidījumā “Tautas panorāma”
Authors: Kruks Sergejs
Published: January 2021

Keywords: discourse analysis, general will, Latvian politics, political representation, Saeima

Latvian citizens are characterised by a very low level of political activism. How can this be explained through an understanding of politics? Prior to the 2018 Saeima (Latvian parliament) election, voters were interviewed on Latvian television discussing the pronouncements of various members of parliament. The researcher explores the relationship between the comments of these voters and the way they feel their interests are being represented by the state’s law makers. Throughout the interviews, voters are critical of Saeima, yet they fail to clearly explain their interests. The generally agreed upon duty of MPs is to discover the general will of the people, and attempt to fulfil this will through law making. In Latvia, the concept of forming interest groups representing the desires of various groups of citizens to create public expressions of their opinions is not considered a viable resource for political action. The citizens being interviewed believe that they cannot expect to have their interests represented by Saeima and prefer individual strategies focused on non-political action.
APLIKASI PREDIKSI JANGKA PENDEK HARGA BITCOIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ARIMA
Authors: Pradana Nur Fitrian Bintang , Lestanti Sri
Published: January 2021

Bitcoin merupakan mata uang digital yang sekarang paling banyak digunakan. Perubahan harga yang sewaktu-waktu dapat berubah membuat pengguna bitcoin harus teliti ketika melakukan penukaran. Kepopuleran bitcoin terus meningkat dan menjadi aset untuk investasi bagi para penggunanya. Untuk mengatasi perubahan harga yang tidak menentu maka dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi prediksi harga bitcoin untuk membantu para penggunanya dalam memprediksi harga bitcoin kedepannya. Prediksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) yang mampu menghasilkan tingkat akurasi tinggi dalam prediksi jangka pendek. Metode ini mengabaikan variabel independen dalam membuat prediksi, sehingga cocok untuk data statistik saling terhubung serta memiliki beberapa asumsi yang harus dipenuhi seperti autokorelasi, trend, maupun musiman. Evaluasi hasil prediksi menggunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Hasil pengujian menujukkan bahwa model ARIMA (3,1,3) menghasilkan prediksi dengan nilai MAPE terkecil daripada kandidat model lainnya. Rata-rata nilai MAPE yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 0,84 dan rentang nilai 1,34 untuk prediksi hari pertama dan 0,98 untuk prediksi hari ketujuh. Dengan demikian model ARIMA (3,1,3) mampu menghasilkan prediksi dengan akurasi yang baik dan layak untuk digunakan sebagai metode prediksi bitcoin untuk satu sampai tujuh hari kedepan.
PROTOTIPE SISTEM PEMADAM KEBAKARAN OTOMATIS BERBASIS PLC OMRON CP1EN20DR-A
Authors: Rosyid Naufal Fahmi , Kristianti Veronica Ernita , Situmeang Alona
Published: January 2021

Kebakaran di gedung atau pertokoan bisa terjadi akibat banyak faktor, antara lain karena kelalaian manusia, konsleting listrik, kebocoran gas, dan lain sebagainya. Jika terjadi hal-hal yang dapat menyebabkan kebakaran tersebut dan terlambat mengetahuinya, akan berakibat fatal. Gedung atau pertokoan membutuhkan alat yang dapat mendeteksi adanya api atau asap dan secara otomatis akan mengeluarkan air untuk memadamkan api atau sumber asap tersebut. Hal ini yang mendasari dilakukan penelitian tentang sistem pemadam kebakaran otomatis berbasis PLC OMRON CPIEN20DR-A bertujuan untuk mendeteksi suatu ruangan dari bahaya kebakaran. PLC dihubungkan dengan komponen yang terdiri dari push button untuk mengaktifkan atau mematikan rangkaian, switch selector berfungsi sebagai pengatur rangkaian agar berfungsi manual atau otomatis, lampu indikator sebagai pemberi informasi rangkaian dalam kondisi aktif atau nonaktif, sensor asap sebagai pendeteksi asap, buzzer sebagai alarm tanda bahaya kebakaran, motor DC sebagai pembuka pintu darurat dan pompa sebagai pemadam api. Hasil penelitian ini dibuat dalam sebuah prototipe, sebagai gambaran jika alat ini diimplementasikan secara nyata untuk digunakan di gedung atau pertokoan. Pengujian dilakukan pada prototipe dan hasilnya menunjukkan alat ini bekerja saat sensor mendeteksi asap yang kemudian menyalakan buzzer sebagai tanda bahaya, mengaktifkan pompa air untuk memadamkan api dan menggerakkan motor DC untuk membuka pintu darurat.
Hardware and Software Implementation for Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Processing by Temporary Accumulation Method to Monitor Radio-navigation Signals
Authors: Eremeev D. A.
Published: January 2021

Currently, a scope of satellite radio-navigation applications is more and more extending. Accordingly, there are also increasing requirements for the quality of determining coordinates and time. Therefore, radio-navigation signals monitoring, in particular their waveform control, waveform distortion analysis, is a challenge. However, a power of navigation signals is lower than the noise level, therefore, the special methods and equipment, which provide increasing a signal-to-noise ratio, are necessary to analyze their waveform. Usually, complexes based on the large aperture antennas are used for this purpose. But they have a number of disadvantages, namely high complexity, high price, large size, necessity to guide and track each individual satellite.

The paper gives a brief description of the temporary accumulation method (TAM). This method can be applied to signals containing repetitive elements (basic elements). Radio-navigation signals are such signals. TAM allows you to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and evaluate the waveform of signal basic elements by superimposing and averaging the appropriate signal samples. Gain increases with increasing accumulation time.

The paper proposes a small-scale breadboard of the software-hardware complex to monitor signals of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) based on an omnidirectional antenna, a software-defined radio system, and a personal computer. This breadboard allows recording of digital samples of the navigation signals observed, and then their processing by the temporary accumulation method.

Presents operation estimates of the proposed breadboard for monitoring GNSS signals. Gives estimates of the GLONASS navigation signal waveforms in the time domain (signal basic elements) and in the frequency domain (energy spectrum). Also based on the use of TAM, estimates the signal power and energy gain. Proves that using the hardware-software complex proposed for radio-navigation signals monitoring is possible.

The proposed scheme of the small-scale breadboard for monitoring GNSS signals can be used directly for monitoring and also to test various methods and technologies of navigation signal processing based on the use of information about the waveform of the received signal.
IMPLEMENTATION OF «FITNESS MIX» DANCE FITNESS PROGRAM IN PHYSICAL
EDUCATION FOR SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Nain Anna , Yurievna Natalya
Published: January 2021

This paper provides a theoretical and practical justification for the development of the fitness industry in Russia, notably the implementation of fitness technologies in preschool educational organizations.
The purpose of the study was theoretical justification and experimental verification of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program aimed at developing physical qualities and increasing physical education interest of senior preschool children.
Research methods and organization. We used the following research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and instructional literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results and discussion. In our study, we have provided the characteristics and the details of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program aimed at developing physical qualities and increasing physical education interest of senior preschool children. We have demonstrated the dynamics of physical fitness indicators of preschool children in the framework of a pedagogical experiment. We have presented the results of a survey of preschool children in the experimental group, aimed at revealing interest in some sections of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program. We have assessed the training outcomes of children in experimental groups engaged in experimental and traditional physical education programs for preschool educational organizations.
Conclusion. In our study, we have proved our hypothesis that implementation of the FITNESS MIX dance fitness program in preschool physical education will contribute to physical development, growing physical fitness level and effectiveness of the instructional process providing significantly better outcomes in the development of physical qualities and improving the functional state of a child.
ANTICIPATORY ABILITY OF COACHES IN THE SYSTEM OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE EVALUATION BY ATHLETES
Authors: Stepanyan Lusine
Published: January 2021

Current research in psychology and psychophysiology focuses on the subject of anticipation and forecasting. Anticipatory sustainability is a personal trait that determines the ability to anticipate events and possible ways of personal development, as well as the ability to prevent interpersonal conflicts. The aim of the study was to identify the role of development level of anticipatory competence of coaches in their professional competence evaluation and perception by athletes.
Research methods and organization. The research involved two groups of test subjects. The experimental group consisted of sport dance coaches and their students. The control group brought together experts in socionomic area with different work experience. We used testing and questionnaire methods to achieve the goal and objectives of the study. Testing method included the test for diagnosing anticipatory sustainability according to A. Mendelevich and the test of socio-perceptual coaching evaluation by athletes. We used the results of testing and questionnaires to provide a comparative and correlation analysis of data.
Research results. The analysis of test results revealed the impact of work experience on the development of both spatial and temporal characteristics of the anticipation of coaches, indicating a possible effect on the intensity and direction of development of those characteristics in specific conditions. We have identified valid connections between the gnostic parameter (professional competence evaluation) of the socio-perceptual coaching evaluation by athletes and spatiotemporal characteristics of coaches' anticipation, defined as professionally important qualities of coaches. Moreover, we have demonstrated a weak direct relationship between the personality-situational component of the anticipatory sustainability of coaches and the emotional parameter of their socio-perceptual evaluation by athletes, indicating a significant role of communicative-anticipation sustainability in the development of an attitude of athletes to the coach.
Conclusion. In summary, we can conclude that the anticipatory sustainability of coaches plays a key role in the structure of their competence, and the development of this property is possible under certain conditions.
FACTS AND VICISSITUDES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR OPTIMIZATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN YUGRA
Authors: Loginov Sergey , Nikolaev Aleksandr , Malkov Mikhail
Published: January 2021

The aim is to determine the ratio of low physical activity (PA) to a high sedentary behavior (SB) and to change it in the experiment.
Methods and organization of the research. We carried out descriptive (n = 425) and cross-sectional (n = 36) experiments using the IPAQ-RU questionnaire for a random group of elderly people in Surgut.
Research results. The research revealed that the proportion of inactive elderly people was 36% among men, 48% among women. The proportion of moderately active women was 29%, men – 55%. The duration of the SB was 6-12 hours per day.
Conclusion. Optimization of the PA and SB ratio provided a moderately intense PA (140-150 minutes) in elderly women and a decrease in SB time from 6.0 to 3.8 hours per day due to Nordic walking.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO THE REGULATION OF PRE-START CONDITION OF SWIMMERS AT THE TRAINING STAGE
Authors: Fonarev Dmitrii , Kopylov Konstantin
Published: January 2021

The purpose – to substantiate empirically a differentiated approach to the regulation of pre-start condition of swimmers at the training stage, taking into account the temperament type and anxiety level.

Methods and organization of the research. We used the following research methods: analysis of data in scientific publications; psychological testing; questionnaires; analysis of competitive performance; mathematical and statistical processing of the studied indicators. The study involved 40 swimmers at the training stage. The athletic experience of the tested subjects is 4 years; the level of sports qualification-II-III sports categories.

Results and discussion. Anxiety level tests of young swimmers revealed that personal and situational anxiety of individuals with various temperament types corresponds to the average level of anxiety, except for the "adequate" temperament type, which corresponds to a low level of anxiety. The group of subjects with the "adequate" temperament type (10.8%) exhibited the most significant increase in athletic performance in the 800 m freestyle, while the increase of performance of the group of subjects with "calm" and "intensive" temperaments was 2.1% and 2.7% lower, respectively. The group with the “adequate” temperament type exhibited the most significant increase in athletic performance in the 200 m IM (10.2%). There are statistically significant differences in results between the "adequate" and "calm" groups (p<0.05), "adequate" and "intensive" groups (p<0.05). The analysis of start reaction time of the individuals with studied temperament types did not reveal any statistically significant differences (p>0.05). At the same time, the authors found that individuals with "calm" and "adequate" temperament types have a greater reliability of the start reaction time.

Conclusion. The research outcomes show the significance of particular consideration for temperament types and indicators of personal and situational anxiety in the process of regulation of pre-start condition of swimmers at the training stage. Particular attention should be given to the athletes with "calm" and "intensive" temperament types.
LONELINESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OLDER AGE: RESULTS OF THE RANDOMISED CONTROLLED STUDY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION FOR LONELINESS (PAIL) IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Shvedko Anastasia
Published: January 2021

Study objective. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of a Physical Activity Intervention for Loneliness (PAIL) in community-dwelling older adults at risk of loneliness.

Methods. Study design was a 12-week randomized controlled feasibility trial (RCT). Participants were 25 (mean age 68.5(8.05) years, range 60-92) healthy, inactive, community-dwelling older adults at risk for loneliness. The intervention consisted of group outdoor walking sessions with health education workshops once weekly, with a wait-list control condition. Estimation of recruitment, retention and adherence were feasibility outcomes. Body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, and psychosocial variables were secondary outcomes.

Results. Forty-eight participants were recruited over 4 months with a recruitment rate of 52.1% (25/48); 52% (25/48) met the inclusion criteria and 100% (25/25) were randomized into the intervention (N=12) and wait-listed (WL) control groups (N=13). At 12 weeks, 10/12 (83.3%; 95% CI 55.20 to 95.30) intervention and 10/13 (76.9%; 95% CI 49.74 to 91.82) control participants completed final assessments. The average attendance rate was 69.2% for the intervention group (range 25% – 91.7%) and 55% (range 25% – 91.7%) among controls. The a priori recruitment criteria for progression was not met. The retention rate satisfied the criteria of the study. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions. Community-dwelling older adults at risk of loneliness can safely participate in physical activity intervention for loneliness. However, to progress into a large-scale RCT, the design and methodology would need to be changed.
General Technique for Estimating Number of Groups for Spectral Clustering
Authors: Pecha Marek
Published: January 2021

Determining the number of groups or dimension of a feature space related to an initial dataset projected to null-space of the Laplace-Beltrami-type operators is a fundamental problem of applications exploiting a spectral clustering techniques. This paper theoretically focuses on generalizing and providing minor comments to a previous work by Bruneau et al., who proposed modification of the Bartlett test that is commonly used in the principal component analysis, to estimate the number of groups related to normalized spectral clustering approaches. The generalization is based on a relation between the distributions of the spectrum associated with a covariance matrix and graph Laplacian, which allows us to use the modified Bartlett test for unnormalized spectral clustering as well. Other comments follow previous works by Lawley and James, which allow us testing subsets of eigenvalues by involving likelihood ratio statistic and linkage factors. Solving issues arising from limits of floating-point arithmetic are demonstrated on benchmarks employing spectral clustering for $2$-phase volumetric image segmentation. On a same problem, analysing spectral clustering in divide-merge settings is presented.
La comprensión del movimiento rectilíneo a través de las representaciones semióticas
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Nicolle Johana , Sánchez Monroy Didson Harvey , Sepúlveda Delgado Omaida
Published: January 2021

Se presenta en el documento una experiencia de aula, resultado de un trabajo de investigación enfocado en exteriorizar el uso de la teoría de las representaciones semióticas para la enseñanza y aprendizaje del movimiento rectilíneo, con el fin analizar las actividades cognitivas de tratamiento y conversión realizadas por los estudiantes con el objetivo de lograr una mejor comprensión del objeto de estudio. En ese sentido, se diseñaron e implementaron situaciones creando condiciones para la realización de los procesos de formación, tratamiento y conversión entre los diferentes registros de representación semiótica, según la teoría de los registros de representación. Para el desarrollo del estudio se realizó la investigación con un enfoque cualitativo siguiendo el diseño de investigación-acción con las etapas de planeación, acción y evaluación.

Como resultado principal se evidencia en el estudio y según los resultados presentados que los estudiantes parten de los conocimientos previos para solucionar cada situación planteada, así como también que se apoyan principalmente en los sistemas de representación gráfico y verbal, realizando el respectivo tratamiento y las conversiones entre registros semióticos, promoviendo además el desarrollo del razonamiento matemático a través de la resolución de problemas.
Evaluación de la conciencia metacognitiva en estudiantes de media desde la clase de ciencias
Authors: Montes Leguía Alfredo Josué , López Hernández Armando Manuel , Pacheco Lora Luis Carlos
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo investigativo tiene como propósito mostrar el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación del Inventario de Habilidades Metacognitivas (MAI) que fue aplicado con el fin de indagar las semejanzas y diferencias de la conciencia metacognitiva de un grupo de 15 estudiantes de media académica de la Institución Educativa La Victoria, con características   socioculturales   específicas en una clase de ciencias. Esto es parte de la identificación inicial de los procesos que integran el impulso de la conciencia metacognitiva, como plataforma para un planteamiento didáctico.  Se denota una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva, en tanto que el MAI es una prueba de autorreporte y sus opciones de respuesta se localizan en una escala Likert. Los resultados mostraron tendencias en algunas categorías de la prueba y disparidades en otras, los cuales fueron objeto de reflexión sobre las habilidades que tienen los estudiantes en cuanto a sus procesos metacognitivos.
Regional anaesthesia in neonates: a narrative review
Authors: Ponde VC , Puri K , Nagdev T
Published: January 2021

The benefits of regional anaesthesia and the accompanying concerns of general anaesthesia in newborns make the former a safe and valuable addition. Multiple regional anaesthesia techniques, ranging from the central neuraxial blocks, truncal blocks, and peripheral nerve blocks are available. Empowering us to make the case to case decision to choose the most beneficial and safe block for the neonate. The applications of regional anaesthesia, over the period, have encompassed perioperative analgesia and therapeutic uses. With the addition of ultrasonography, neonatal regional anaesthesia has reached a fine amount of objectivity and accuracy. A trend of utilising regional blocks as the sole anaesthetic as against an adjuvant to general anaesthesia is setting in. In this review, we take a look at recent developments in this field in a generalised manner followed by dwelling into most of the commonly used blocks in daily practice. However, a detailed description of each block is beyond the scope of this review.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and polymorphisms: implications for anaesthesia care
Authors: Coté CJ
Published: January 2021

With a worldwide obesity pandemic, the incidence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasing; obesity is the most significant risk factor in children. Increasing evidence suggests that OSA is in part mediated through markers of inflammation. Systemic and pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, prediabetes, and other conditions are common. Adenotonsillectomy improves only ~70% of children; 30% require other interventions, e.g. weight loss programs. The gold standard for diagnosis is a sleep-polysomnogram which are expensive and not readily available. The McGill oximetry score (saw-tooth desaturations during obstruction and arousal) is more cost-effective.

Repeated episodes of desaturation alter the opioid receptors such that analgesia is achieved at much lower levels of opioid than in patients undergoing the same procedure but without OSA. This response is of great concern because a standard dose of opioids may be a relative overdose.

Polymorphism variations in cytochrome CYP2D6 have major effects upon drug efficacy and side effects. Codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and tramadol are all prodrugs that require CYP2D6 for conversion to the active compound. CYP2D6 is quite variable and patients can be divided into 4 classes: For codeine for example, poor metaboliser (PM) have virtually no conversion to morphine, intermediate metabolisers (IM) have some conversion to morphine, extensive metabolisers (EM) have a normal rate of conversion to morphine, and ultra-rapid metabolisers (RM) convert excessive amounts of codeine to morphine. Such variations result in some patients achieving no analgesia because there is reduced conversion to the active moiety whereas others convert an excessive amount of drug to the active compound thus resulting in relative or actual overdose despite appropriate dosing.

Thus, OSA patients may have both opioid sensitivity due to recurrent desaturations and altered drug metabolism resulting in higher than intended blood levels of opioid. OSA patients should only receive one-third to half the usual dose of opioid. In those under the age of six, an effort should be made to avoid opioids altogether and use opioid sparing techniques such as alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
Cell saver physics – a review
Authors: Fourtounas M
Published: January 2021

Cell salvage, cell saver, cell processor or autologous blood transfusion is the process of collecting a patient’s blood from the surgical field, washing, filtering and transfusing it back to the same patient. There are six basic steps involved in cell salvage. Step one involves the collection of shed blood into a reservoir with an anticoagulant-saline mixture. Step two is the filtration of debris and clots. In step three, the red blood cells (RBCs) are separated from the nonerythrocyte components. This process may be likened to clothes in the washing machine. Washing with saline removes contaminants in step four and the RBCs are resuspended in saline and transferred to the reinfusion bag. Waste products are transferred into the waste bag in step five. In step six, the resuspended, washed RBCs are collected in a bag at room temperature which can be reinfused.

The functioning of the cell saver is based on Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion, where centripetal forces are generated to separate the blood components depending on their density. The denser RBCs are driven to the outer wall of the centrifuge bowl with the plasma collecting on the inside. A typical yield will retrieve 50–95.8% RBCs with a final haematocrit of 50–70%.

Cell savers are used in procedures with a large volume of anticipated blood loss, high risk of bleeding, low preoperative haemoglobin, in patients with rare blood groups or multiple antibodies and in some Jehovah’s Witness patients.
You beta block: or not?
Authors: Gilililand L
Published: January 2021

β-blockers bind selectively to beta-adrenergic receptors and interfere with catecholamines provoking β-responses on the heart and smooth muscles of the airways and blood vessels.

To block or not to block.
Endoscopic airway equipment part 1: physical principles
Authors: Hofmeyr R , Elhouni A
Published: January 2021

The use of advanced endoscopic airway equipment has become increasingly important to the provision of safe anaesthesia for patients with complex anatomical and pathological conditions. Fundamental to the correct selection and use of the equipment is an understanding of the physical properties underlying its construction and function. This relies primarily on conventional optics, fibreoptics, video sensors and light-emitting diode technology.
Information databases - the basis for the formation of the adaptive pest control systems in the ampelocenoses of the Crimea
Authors: Aleinikova N. V. , Radionovskaia Y. E. , Galkina Y. S. , Andreyev V. V. , Didenko L. V. , Belash S. Y. , Didenko P. A. , Shaporenko V. N. , Bolotianskaia E. A.
Published: January 2021

Currently plant protection undergoes a period of active digitalization, which effects the most diverse aspects of its activity and involves the formation of phytosanitary databases, electronic detectors, the use of digital intelligence (creation and training of neural networks), software development, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, automatic agrometeorological stations, etc., and in general, the creation of decision -making support systems. The development of information databases is the first and very important stage in the creation of a decision-making system, which allows tracking long-term and seasonal changes in the structure of biota of agrocenoses with the necessary reliability, predicting phytosanitary risks, developing adaptive systems of protection, as well as promptly and reasonably making adjustments to them. In 2015-2019 on fruit-bearing industrial plantations of primary viticultural zones of the Crimea – the Southern Coast, Mountain-Valley, South-West and Central Steppe zones, the study of structures of entomo-, acaro- and pathocomplexes of grapes was carried out. Vineyards of wine and table cultivars typical for each region were selected for observations. The development of more than 20 fungal and bacterial diseases, affecting the above-ground and underground organs of grape plants was confirmed. We obtained new data on zonal features of formation and changing of pathocomplexes of Crimean ampelocenoses, their structure, different pathogen frequency index values and the intensity of damage to the vegetative and generative organs of grape plants. Thus, we accumulated the material for the formation of information database on the structure of zonal pathocomplexes of Crimean ampelocenoses. Basing on the results of study of the structure of zonal complexes of arthropod pests of grapevine, the information database "The structure of entomoacarocomplexes of ampelocenosis phytophages of primary zones of the Crimean viticulture" (AAAA-G20-620051990003-5) was developed and contained the annotated list of 55 species of phytophages of grapes. The database includes data on the comparative characteristics of zonal complexes of ampelocenosis phytophages of the Crimea in terms of species abundance, taxonomic and ecological characteristics, as well as the frequency of occurrence of the species studied.
Pelatihan Pengembangan Potensi Desa Melalui Sektor Unggulan Ubi Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Desa Tohkuning Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Panglipurningrum Yofhi Septian , Utomo Agus , Pahlawi Lukman Akhmad Imron
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini menggunakan prinsip pendampingan, pemberdayaan masyarakat, dimana pengabdi bertindak sebagai fasilitator. Pendampingan adalah suatu kegiatan konsultasi untuk nmemfasilitasi dan memotivasi dengan tujuan menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kelompok masyarakat. Pemberdayaan adalah suatu upaya memulihkan atau meningkatkan keberdayaan suatu komunitas utuk mampu berbuat sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat mereka dalam melaksanakan hak-hak dan tanggungjawab mereka sebagai manusia dan warga negara. Kegiatan sosialisasi marketing umkm churros ubi di Desa Tohkuning yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 15 Agustus 2019. Sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat tentang bagaimana suatu produk dikemas secara baik dan benar, strategi pemasaran produk yang baik dan benar serta  mengetahui sasaran yang akan dituju dari produk churros ubi  tersebut. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini Masyarakat Desa Tohkuning mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang menginovasi produk dan pemasaran produk UMKM. Sehingga dapat menbantu perekonomian masyarakat di Desa Tohkuning.
REVIEW, RECLASSIFICATION AND DEMARCATING OF CLIMATE IN NEPAL
Authors: Puspa Lal Pokhrel PhD
Published: January 2021

Geomorphic mountain system of our country (Nepal) is climatically and environmentally unique. Even Nepal is one of the most ecologically sensitive and fragile area in the mountainous country of the world.Former writer have divided into three to five climatic types of Nepal.This article divided six climatic types. There is an extreme spacious range of climates within very short latitudinal distance. The classification, zoning and separating of climate in Nepal is challenging due to complex altitude and topography.The author is going to discuss this issue on Discourse.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВОМ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ КОНСТРУКТИВНО<ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ШАБЛОНОВ
Authors: Менейлюк О. І. , Нікіфоров О. Л.
Published: January 2021

В статье сделан анализ резервов оптимизации инвестиционностроительной деятельности. Разработана концепция "конструктивнотехнологический шаблон в строительстве" и исследовано взаимодействие заинтересованных сторон строительного производства приее использовании. Предложены рекомендации по использованию конструктивнотехнологических шаблонов в государственном управлении в сфере строительства. Описаны основные28БУДІВЕЛЬНЕ ВИРОБНИЦТВО №70 2020нормативные документы, требующие изменений, и соответствующие предложения.Установлено, что конструктивнотехнологические шаблоны, как информационные блоки моделирования продукта и процессов строительства, могут использоваться при управлении вшироком смысле. В том числе, при государственном управлении: при контроле национальныхсправочников материалов, ресурсов, технологий, оборудования; при градостроительном обосновании; при экспертизе согласительной стадии проектной документации; при сдаче здания вэксплуатацию. Предложено использование КТШ как инструмента государственного шаблонирования и нормирования в строительстве, а также как инструмент внедрения инноваций.Для этого необходимо создавать соответствующие национальные базы данных как силами отдельных специалистов частного сектора строительной отрасли, так и в проектах строительства с государственным финансированием.
Епидемиология на миастения гравис
Authors: Иванов Златин , Стефанов Георги , Искров Георги , Стефанов Румен
Published: January 2021

Миастения гравис (МГ) е прототипно автоимунно заболяване, което води до характерна уморяемост и слабост на очедвигателните, булбарните и дихателните мускули, както и на мускулите на тялото и крайниците. В зависимост от засегнатата мускулна група МГ се дели на очна и генерализирана форма. За отчитане тежестта на заболяването най-често се използва модифицираната скала на Osserman. В зависимост от възрастта на отключване на симптомите се наблюдава МГ при възрастни, ювенилна МГ и вродени миастенни синдроми.

Изучаването на епидемиологията на МГ е важна задача, защото поставянето на диагнозата налага мултидисциплинарно сътрудничество между медицински специалисти от различни области. Пациентската популация при МГ е разнородна по възраст, като при възрастните пациенти често се наблюдават коморбидности. Сериозната прогноза на МГ изисква прецизно и обширно изучаване на тази патология.

Настоящата публикация има за цел да анализира епидемиологичните данни за МГ, да представи оценка за разпространението на МГ в България, както и да опише пътя на пациента с акцент върху ключови моменти и проблемни области.
Случай на лечение и проследяване на медикаментозно-индуцирана остеонекроза на челюстите с приложение на PRF
Authors: Цолов Росен , Йорданов Георги
Published: January 2021

Медикаментозно-индуцираната остеонекроза на челюстта (МИОНЧ) е сериозна нежелана реакция на антирезорбционни и антиангиогенни агенти. Това е потенциално болезнено и инвалидизиращо състояние, което може значително да повлияе на качеството на живот на пациентите. В настоящия доклад представяме случай на 67-годишна пациентка, която през 2014 г. е диагностицирана с карцином на лява млечна жлеза. През 2015 г. са открити разсейки по костите и пациентката започва се терапия с denosumab и zoledronic acid. След екстракция на зъб през 2016 г. се оголва костта на долната челюст и се диагностицира остеонекроза. Пациентката постъпва в Клиниката по лицево-челюстна хирургия за лечение в гр. Пловдив, където й е направено компютърна томография на долна челюст, след което е подложена на лечение с богат на тромбоцити фибрин (PRF). След извършване на хемостаза бе поставен PRF и раната се заши плътно. Пациентката бе проследена в рамките на 1 г. и се установиха много добри резултати по отношение на меките тъкани и костта, на мястото на остеонекротичното огнище. Въз основа на изводите в литературата и в случая, описан тук, може да се заключи, че употребата на PRF трябва да се има предвид при лечението на пациенти с МИОНЧ.
Множествени подкожни метастази от белодробен карцином – рядък случай в практиката
Authors: Цветкова Силвия , Дойкова Катя
Published: January 2021

Въведение: Мекотъканните метастази от белодробен карцином в областта на скелетната мускулатура, подкожието и кожата са рядко срещани. Най-често те се развиват при вече диагностицирани пациенти, като в много редки случаи се появяват по едно и също време или преди визуализацията на първичния злокачествен тумор. Клиничен случай: Представяме 50-годишна жена, пушачка, с множествени нодуларни лезии, разположени в областта на меките тъкани и подкожието на дорзума, торакса и корема. Находките са с различна големина от няколко милиметра до 47 мм, като някои от тях са палпаторно подвижни, а други са плътни, болезнени и зачервени. Давност на измененията: два месеца преди посещението в диагностичния център. Извърши се компютърна томография (КТ) на торакса и абдомена, нативно и след въвеждане на интравенозна контрастна материя. Установи се голяма мекотъканна формация, ангажираща горен преден медиастинум асиметрично в дясно с инфилтрация на големите съдове на това ниво, метастази в лимфни възли на шията и медиастинума, метастази в двете надбъбречни жлези и дифузни мекотъканни подкожни и кожни метастази. Хистологичното изследване доказа дребноклетъчен белодробен карцином, по повод на който се приложи химиотерапия. Четири месеца след началото на лечение пациентката почина. Заключение: Подкожните нодуларни метастази са израз на авансирал злокачествен процес и рядко те са първата проява на онкологично заболяване. Когато са резултат от дребноклетъчен белодробен карциом, те са признак на висока злокачественост и са свързани с ниска преживяемост.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF OXYMETHYLURACIL IN COMBINATION WITH KNOWN MEDICINES (MEXIDOL, TONAROL, ACETYLCYSTEINE)
Authors: Repina Е. F. , Karimov D. O. , Timasheva G. V. , Khusnutdinova N. Yu. , Musina L. A. , Gimadieva A. R. , Baigildin S. S. , Smolyankin D. A. , Valova Ya. V.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of morphological changes in the liver of rats after acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and prophylactic correction of injuries by combinations of oxymethyluracil with different types of medical products: «Mexidol», «Tonarol» and Acetylcysteine. The best corrective effect was established after applying a combination of oxymethyluracil with «Tonarol». Thus, according to the results obtained, the studied drugs combinations can be arranged in the following sequence in accordance with decreasing of hepatoprotective activity: OMU / «Tonarol» > OMU / Acetylcysteine> OMU / «Mexidol».
Nexus between Level and Factors of Job Satisfaction in Nurses of Multan City (Pakistan): A Study of Public Hospitals
Authors: Hussain Sidra , Afzal Saima , Manzoor Adeela
Published: January 2021

The present study was intended to determine the level and factors of nurse’s job satisfaction working at public hospitals of Multan city, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data (March, 2019-May, 2019) from 441 nurses by utilizing a disproportionate sampling technique. Data collection was done by the application of a self-administered questionnaire e.g. McCloskey/ Mueller Satisfaction Scale. (MMSS).The level of J.S was measured by correlation analysis and to determine the most prevalent factor of J.S regression analysis was done. Correlation coefficient value of socio-demographic variables described that cadre, shiftwork, work experience, marital status, no of children, and working hours demonstrated a significant relationship with J.S. However, regression analysis of MMSS demonstrated a strong positive association with J.S. Nurse's satisfaction could be improved through cultivating a positive work environment, increase in remuneration, decrease in workload, and maintaining work/family balance.
Stromal Tumors in the Prostate
Authors: Ani Aspitri , Kurniawan Dedy
Published: January 2021

Stromal tumors of the prostate are rare mesenchymal tumors of the prostate stroma,in the form of spindle cell tumors, which are differentiated by cellularity, mitotic index,cellular atypia, and necrosis. These tumors are classified into two; prostatic stromaltumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and prostatic stromal sarcomas (PSS).The incidence is about 0.1-0.2% of the total incidence of prostate cancer. Thepathogenesis of prostate stromal tumors is based on origin, clonal and chromosomalabnormalities. Clinical symptoms of complaints lead to lower urinary tract obstruction,dysuria and pollakiuria as well as abnormalities in the rectal toucher (RT) examination.Macroscopically, brownish-white masses were found showing a solid or solid-cysticpattern. Radiological examination can use transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), CT Scan andMRI. Histopathologically, prostate STUMP has five different patterns, namely thedegenerative atypia pattern, hypercellular stroma pattern, phyllodes-type growthpattern, myxoid pattern, and epithelioid stromal pattern. Meanwhile, in PSS, there arehistological patterns of storiform, epithelioid, fibrosarcomatous, and patternless growthpatterns. Then PSS was subclassified into two, namely low grade and high gradetumors. Immunohistochemical examination showed immunoreactivity for CD34, PR,smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, HHF35, smooth muscle actin, vimentin andandrogen receptors and negative for estrogen receptors, CD117 and S-100. Thedifferential diagnosis is rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, inflammatorymyofibroblastic tumor, sarcomatoid carcinoma, benign prostate hyperplasia, smoothmuscle tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and solitary fibrous tumor. Prognosis ofprostate STUMP is better than that of PSS. Treatment of STUMP is currently unknown.Definitive resection can be performed taking into account the patient's age, treatmentpreference, and the size or size of the lesion. Treatment for PSS radical prostatectomy,cystoprostatectomy, or pelvic exenteration for local aggressive tumors.
Superficial mycosis profile in the Tertiary Hospital Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang: retrospective research
Authors: Harnis Desi , Rusmawardiana  , , Fifa Argentina
Published: January 2021

Background Superficial mycoses is a fungal infection of the skin, nails and hair thatcaused by dematophytes, yeast and mold. Superficial mycoses infections are commonlyfound in high temperature and humidity area such as Indonesia. Palembang is one ofregions in Indonesia has a high temperature and humidity, considered the incidenceof this disease is high. A retrospective study of new cases of superficial mycoses, datataken from medical records and register book at Policlinic of Dermatology andVenereology Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang during 5 years from January 2014-December2018. There were 1,236 (17.1%) new cases of superficial mycoses. Incidence ofsuperficial mycoses varies with range 6.9%-23%. The most common superficialmycoses is dermatophytes (38,3%). Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum danTricophyton hmentagrophytes are frequent isolates in this study. The most age groupis 36-45 years (17.6%) with male more than female. Superficial mycoses are often foundin students (26.9%), followed by unskilled workers (20.8%). Of the 1,236 new cases,125 patients had comorbidities, such as malignancy 21 (16.8%) patients,cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus each 16 patients (7.4%). Inguinal andabdomen are the most commonly infected regions. 656 (53.1%) patients was giventopical antifungal. The most common topical antifungal was ketoconazole 2% cream(62%) and systemic antifungal was itraconazole (55,3%).Conclusion: Cases ofsuperficial mycoses, especially dermatophytosis and Malassezia were still commonlyfound, especially in Palembang.