bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex orthodontic treatment of patients with constricted upper jaw using piezo corticotomy
Authors: Losev Fedor F. , Arsenina Olga I. , Braylovskaya Tatiana V. , Popova Natalia V. , Sherstobitov Viktor A. , Makhortova Polina I.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The question of choosing upper jaw expansion methods is relevant because of the high prevalence of upper jaw narrowing, which occurs in 7.9% and 9.9% of patients aged 1218 and 1850 years, respectively.
AIM: This study aimed to increase the efficiency of orthodontic treatments of patients with constricted upper jaw who refused volumetric surgical interventions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of the combined treatment of patients with narrow maxilla during the period of permanent bite are presented. The combined treatment consisted of orthodontic treatment using palatal expanders in combination with piezo corticotomy. Twenty patients with narrowing and deformity of the upper jaw were treated using this protocol, which was selected according to the results of cone-beam computed tomography in accordance with the stage C of the formation of the median palatal suture (mean age, 18.5 years). Orthodontic treatment was performed using tooth-borne and bone-borne palatal expanders.
RESULTS: The successful upper jaw expansion at the skeletal level was achieved in all the treated cases. The choice of the proposed method of treatment of adult patients with maxillary constriction was based on the analysis of the formation of the medial palatal suture and individual assessment of bone density.
CONCLUSION: The proposed method of upper jaw expansion allows the expansion of the upper jaw not at the dental but at the skeletal level.
Comprehensive interdisciplinary principle of diagnostics and treatment of oral mucosa lesions in psoriasis
Authors: Silantieva Elena N. , Yunusova Elena I. , Ruvinskaya Guzel R.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis on the oral mucosa is not often diagnosed by practicing dentists, as it occurs in 23% of patients. Various factors are of primary importance in the occurrence and development of this pathology.
AIM: This study aimed to present a clinical case of psoriasis lesions in the oral mucosa to determine a set of interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic measures for combined lesions of the skin and oral mucosa in patients with psoriasis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Changes in the mucous membrane of the tongue in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris is described. The manifestations in the oral cavity were identified as ICD-10-L40.0X.
RESULTS: A combination of diagnostic and therapeutic measures is presented with simultaneous manifestations of the disease on the skin and in the oral cavity.
CONCLUSION: The presented clinical example demonstrates the need for a comprehensive interdisciplinary examination and consultation with doctors of different specialties. For differential diagnosis and determination of the disease course, prognosis, and main research methods, it is necessary to perform histological examination of the biopsy of the pathological site of the oral mucosa, and if necessary the skin, and autofluorescence stomatoscopy of the oral mucosa and tongue. The described diagnostic and therapeutic measures will contribute not only to stopping the disease recurrence but also to reducing the level of stress, carcinophobia, and thereby improve the quality of life of the patients.
Experimental validation of laser radiation with a wavelength of 445±40 nm for the use in clinical practice
Authors: Romanenko Natalia V. , Tarasenko Svetlana V.
Published: July 2022

In many countries of the world, many preclinical studies have been carried out to study the effect of wave radiation of navy blue (400440 nm) and blue (445480 nm) colors on living and inanimate objects. In the available foreign literature, there are both complementary discoveries and contradictory results. The article presentes the conducted studies, the results of which reveal the high potential of laser radiation with wavelenght of 44540 nm.
Health-related quality of life in iron deficient young women
Authors: Kovalev Aleksey V. , Polyakov Aleksey S.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The most important cause of anemia in the world is iron deficiency. Young women are more susceptible to the formation of latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in comparison with other population groups. Iron deficiency conditions can lead to a deterioration in exercise tolerance and adaptation to them, however, the effect of latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on cognitive functions, emotional status and quality of life is still a subject of discussion, which may be due to the small number of studies in which iron deficiency conditions are studied in the absence of concomitant chronic diseases.
AIM: Evaluate the effect of latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia on the quality of life in young women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: a cross-sectional simultaneous study was conducted in women aged 1821 years. The occurrence of iron deficiency conditions was assessed, a study of the quality of life was conducted using the SF-36 questionnaire. In the statistical processing of the results obtained, the assessment of normality within each group was carried out using Shapiro-Wilk test. For an intergroup comparison of the results obtained between two independent groups, MannWhitney test was used, and Wilcoxon test was used when comparing the results of two dependent groups. The intergroup comparison between the three groups was carried out using KruskalWallis test. When detecting deviations from the null hypothesis, a posteriori analysis was carried out using MannWhitney test with Bonferroni correction.
RESULTS: 68 subjects aged 1821 took part in the study. The median age was 18 years [18; 21]. 25 (36.7%) women were diagnosed with ID, 16 (23.5%) with IDA. The level of C-reactive protein in all subjects was 5 mg/l, median 2.4 [1.2; 3.1] mg/l. During a posteriori analysis, comparable indicators of the total blood count between the groups of healthy women and those with ID were revealed. At the same time, there were no differences in ferritin levels between the ID and IDA groups. In the study of quality of life, statistically significant intergroup differences between the study groups were obtained in the scales of general health, vital activity, role functioning due to emotional state, mental health and general mental well-being. When conducting a posteriori analysis, the number of points in the questionnaire scales turned out to be comparable between groups of healthy women and those with ID.
CONCLUSIONS: data on the high incidence of latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in young women have been obtained. The presence of latent iron deficiency does not independently affect the quality of life associated with health. Mild iron deficiency anemia moderately reduces the quality of life due to the emotional component.
Surgical treatment of patients with ruptures of the trachea
Authors: Tishchenko Egor A. , Fufayev Evgeniy E. , Barinov Oleg V.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Currently, the incidence of iatrogenic ruptures of the trachea averages 0.020.07% with elective tracheostomy and intubation, but in the event of an emergency procedure, this figure rises to 15%. The feasibility and validity of the use of one or another method of treating tracheal injuries is the subject of discussion among the authors of scientific studies and specialists. There is no single generally accepted method of treatment that would be effective for various types and degrees of damage to the tracheal wall.
AIM: to determine the indications for various types of surgical intervention based on the analysis of the results of treatment of patients with tracheal ruptures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 10 patients with iatrogenic tracheal ruptures. All patients underwent a comprehensive diagnosis using physical, laboratory, radiation and instrumental methods of research, as well as an analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of treating tracheal rupture, depending on the nature of the injury.
RESULTS: Patients with grade 1 and 2 tracheal injury with no or uncomplicated gas syndrome are treated conservatively. In patients with grade 2 tracheal injury and progressive gas syndrome, tracheostomy and mediastinal drainage are effective. With ruptures to the entire depth of the wall (3A and 3B degrees), surgical intervention with suturing of the trachea is indicated. In the case of functional inoperability of a patient with severe tracheal ruptures, one of the effective treatment options is the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in combination with minimally invasive drainage interventions.
CONCLUSION: indications for various methods of treatment of patients with tracheal ruptures have been formulated. The developed management algorithm is used in providing care to patients with tracheal injury in hospitals of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.
Implicaciones ecológicas de la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Luis Calabuig Estanislao
Published: July 2022

En la actualidad la interacción entre la especie humana y el planeta Tierra es extraordinariamente intensa, manifestándose en numerosos cambios que se perciben como impactos negativos sobre el funcionamiento de la naturaleza. Sin esa premisano es posible entender la evolución efectiva de la mayor parte de los ecosistemas. La irrupción de la pandemia COVID-19 ha acrecentado y certificado los posibles efectos de la insostenible intervención que pretende ejercer la especie humana sobre todos los ambientes, provocando reacciones de respuesta que se escapan de ese ansiado control en la explotación de los recursos delplaneta
Diagnostic Value of Gynecologic Ultrasonography as A Malignancy Predictor in Children's Ovarian Tumor
Authors: Suastari Putri
Published: July 2022

The incidence of ovarian malignancy is rare in children, with proportions between 16-55%. A gynecologic ultrasonography score is expected to increase accuracy and be able to diagnose malignancy earlier. By using a retrospective cross-sectional study design, this study is a diagnostic test to assess ultrasonography examination as a predictor of malignancy with histopathological examination as the gold standard. The study subjects were 45 children admitted from July 2017 to December 2020. Characteristics of the subjects were obtained from medical records, gynecologic ultrasonography images were accessed from PACS, and histopathological results were obtained from SIMARS. The gynecologic ultrasonography images were scored by two observers using a scoring table. Variables assessed consisted of inner wall structure, wall thickness, septa, morphology, tumor vascularization and ascites. The data will then be analyzed, determining the optimal cut-off score, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive value. AUC value of 0.92 using a cut-off ≥14 obtained 15 malignant subjects and 1 benign subject and resulted in a sensitivity of 78.9%, specificity of 96.2%, a positive predictive value of 93.8%, a negative predictive value of 86.2%, and accuracy of 88.89%. It can be concluded that the diagnostic value of gynecologic ultrasonography examination as a predictor of malignant ovarian tumors in children was remarkable.
Andean Contemplation and Humboldtian Aesthetic Composition in Charles Empson's The Rustic Corridor
Authors: Uribe-Hanabergh Verónica
Published: July 2022

The Rustic Corridor, one of twelve watercolors included in Narratives of South America (1836), written and illustrated by British traveler Charles Empson, represents the essence of Humboldtian aesthetic mountain observation at a very early stage of the Colombian Republic ́s interest in landscape. The formal and conceptual composition of this drawing determines a series of Humboldtian premises important in the study of mountain visual representation: intentional architecture needed to convey human scale, the importance of subjective observation as the main narrative in the image, and the lack of specificity of the place represented geographically. This illustration seems to encompass a feeling of universality where there is a viewer of the mountain range but there is also an audience for the onlookers. The solitary beholders of this magnificent place represent a new Colombian citizen who, through a rustic window, witnesses the millenary peaks of the Andes that have recently became a modern Republic. Like many other travelers, Empson builds this image in resonance with Humboldtian ideas of distance, infinity, structure, solitude, observation and universality.
Evolución e intervención internacional en la Guerra del Ogadén (1976-1980)
Authors: Arconada-Ledesma Pablo
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación se centra en analizar la Guerra del Ogadén que se ha considerado tradicionalmente como una guerra entre dos estados. Sin embargo, es necesario ampliar la visión sobre este conflicto fronterizo ya que se ha minusvalorado el papel de actores no estatales como el Western Somali Liberation Front, que se convirtió en un factor clave durante los primeros meses del enfrentamiento bélico. Por tanto, este estudio busca profundizar en el análisis de una guerra regional, enclavada en la Guerra Fría, con dos aspectos novedosos. El primero tiene el objetivo de rebatir la posición mainstream sobre los plazos en los que se desarrolló la guerra, que tradicionalmente se han establecido entre julio de 1977 y marzo de 1978. El segundo aspecto se centra en examinar el papel desempeñado por las potencias extranjeras durante la guerra. Para ello se han utilizado fuentes hemerográficas regionales e internacionales, medios audiovisuales y documentación oficial.
La gestión de la educación sexual: una propuesta metodológica desde el punto de vista estratégico
Authors: Díaz-Monsalve Luz Ever
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue proponer una ruta metodológica para la gestión de la educación sexual de las/los escolares de instituciones de educación primaria y secundaria, utilizando los elementos de la planeación estratégica. La metodología fue de estudio cualitativo, tipo sistematización, en el cual participaron 19 docentes ejecutores del proyecto educativo en una institución ubicada en Bello, Colombia, con entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. En la construcción de la línea de tiempo se identificaron tres fases: la fase de planeación estratégica, que partió de la conformación del grupo gestor del proyecto educativo, análisis de los contextos, diseño de objetivos, metas y estrategias y finalmente la legitimización de la propuesta con la comunidad académica; la fase de ejecución implicó gestión de convenios, formación de docentes y planeación didáctica; y la fase de evaluación sirvió para retroalimentar el proceso educativo. La educación sexual es un proceso complejo que requiere de la planeación estratégica, de tal forma que a partir de la lectura de los contextos políticos, sociales y culturales se identifiquen necesidades de formación, se gestionen recursos, se creen alianzas y sinergias con otros sectores sociales y profesionales para abordar la educación sexual en su integralidad y en armonía con la singularidad de los sujetos en formación.
Design and Implementation of Smart Glasses with ISMS and Risk Management Functionalities for a Technical Operator
Authors: Ahmed Boualem Si , Benbouzid Samir , Nibouche Fatima
Published: July 2022

This work aims to describe the design and implementation of smart glasses to be used by industrial operators allowing the display environment related information such as temperature, humidity as well as machine maintenance operations, the associated risks, and Information Security Management System (ISMS) controls. In order to achieve this design, several analyses were conducted in order to determine the optimal design possible namely an external and an internal functional and a risk analysis, in addition to an ergonomic study. Based on the aforementioned study and analyses, a model was created and simulated using the commercial software SoildWorks and ISISPORTEUS. The smart glasses functionalities have been evaluated in a real industrial environment.
A Framework for an Efficient Recommendation System Using Time and Fairness Constraint Based Web Usage Mining Technique
Authors: Roy Rita , Rao Giduturi Appa
Published: July 2022

Users prefer to use various websites like Facebook, Gmail, and YouTube. We can make the system predict what pages we expect in the future and give the users what they have requested. Based on the data gathered and analyzed, we can predict the user's future navigation patterns in response to the user's requests. In order to track down users’ navigational sessions, the web access logs created at a specific website are processed. Grouping the user session data is then done into clusters, where inter-cluster similarities are minimized, although the intra-cluster similarities are maximised. Recent clustering and fairness analysis research has focused on centric-based methods such as k-median and k-means clustering. We propose improved constrained based clustering (ICBC) based on fair algorithms for managing Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) that apply fairness constraints regardless of distance linking parameters, simplifying clustering fairness trials for HAC and intended for various protected groups compared to vanilla HAC techniques. Also, this ICBC is used to select an algorithm whose inherent bias matches a specific problem, and then to adjust the optimization criterion of any distinct algorithm to take the constraints on interpretation to improve the efficiency of clustering. We show that our proposed algorithm finds fairer clustering by evaluation on the NASA dataset by balancing the constraints of the problem.
Differential Evolution Model for Identification of Most Influenced Gene in Brest Cancer Data
Authors: Thottathyl Hymavathi , Pavan Kanadam Karteeka
Published: July 2022

Microarray technology generates a large amount of data. Clustering is a popular technique for locating genes that are expressed in close proximity. It entails examining a fresh dataset to determine whether similar traits can be used to identify any hidden groupings. There are large-dimensional datasets accessible, such as those produced from gene expression investigations, RNA microarray studies, or RNA sequencing studies. As a consequence, cluster analysis and producing well-separated clusters become more challenging. Good cluster separation is desirable since it suggests that items are not being placed in the erroneous clusters. In this study, it was recommended that a Differential Evolution-based (DE) Model be used to interpret the analysis of Brest cancer gene expression. To begin, cluster the gene expression data to find the genes most likely to be impacted by the illness. The appropriate number of clusters must be found in order to locate the gene with the highest effect in the gene collection. We used a DE model on the Brest cancer datasets in this work. We identified the best number of clusters by using the most impacted gene in this dataset as a benchmark. We then experimented with different cluster sizes. We used the DE method to three distinct breast cancer datasets and compared it to the current K-Means and K-medoids models. The results of the experiments show that the proposed DE model outperforms existing models significantly.
Student Performance Prediction in Sebelas Maret University Based on the Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Gusnina Maulida , Wiharto  , Salamah Umi
Published: July 2022

Students who have low levels of academic performance may result in such students having drop out. Various factors influence the level of academic performance of such students. Preventive action would be better to cope with the drop out. This study aims to conduct prediction of students' academic performance at Sebelas Maret University based on three categories of factors namely social, economic, and academic factors. Methods used include, data acquisition stages, data preprocessing, feature selection, classification, and analysis of results. Feature selection uses information gain (IG) and Random Forest (RF) classification algorithms, with 10-fold cross validation. The test results showed an accuracy of 90.7%, such performance outperforms support vector machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms.
Novel approach of simplification detected contours on X-ray medical images
Authors:   General Secretariat for the Council of Ministers, Al-Temimi A.M.S. , Pilidi V.S. ,   Sothern Fedreal University, Ibraheem M.K.I. ,   University of Mustansiriyah
Published: July 2022

This paper gives description of a method for simplifying the number of points representing detected contours of the bones on digital X-ray images. Such simplification permits simplify way for correction the location of these points in the cases, if the analyzed image has poor quality, and to reduces the time of analysis it to get the reference lines and angles for diagnosis purposes of the area under investigation.
Neural network regularization in the problem of few-view computed tomography
Authors:   Smart Engines Service LLC, Yamaev A.V. ,   Moscow State University, Chukalina M.V. ,   Smart Engines Service LLC,   FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute) RAS, Nikolaev D.P. ,   Smart Engines Service LLC,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute) RAS, Kochiev L.G. ,   Simon Fraser University, Chulichkov A.I. ,   Moscow State University
Published: July 2022

The computed tomography allows to reconstruct the inner morphological structure of an object without physical destructing. The accuracy of digital image reconstruction directly depends on the measurement conditions of tomographic projections, in particular, on the number of recorded projections. In medicine, to reduce the dose of the patient load there try to reduce the number of measured projections. However, in a few-view computed tomography, when we have a small number of projections, using standard reconstruction algorithms leads to the reconstructed images degradation. The main feature of our approach for few-view tomography is that algebraic reconstruction is being finalized by a neural network with keeping measured projection data because the additive result is in zero space of the forward projection operator. The final reconstruction presents the sum of the additive calculated with the neural network and the algebraic reconstruction. First is an element of zero space of the forward projection operator. The second is an element of orthogonal addition to the zero space. Last is the result of applying the algebraic reconstruction method to a few-angle sinogram. The dependency model between elements of zero space of forward projection operator and algebraic reconstruction is built with neural networks. It demonstrated that realization of the suggested approach allows achieving better reconstruction accuracy and better computation time than state-of-the-art approaches on test data from the Low Dose CT Challenge dataset without increasing reprojection error.
Integration of geographic information technologies and digital image processing for responding to emergency situations at oil pipeline transportation facilities
Authors:   USATU – Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Pavlov S.V. , Sokolova A.V. ,   USATU – Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Khristodulo O.I. ,   USATU – Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Published: July 2022

In this article, we consider an approach to integrating geoinformation technologies and digital image processing methods aimed at increasing the efficiency of computer technologies in controlling complex distributed systems (CDS) in emergency situations. The analysis is conducted using an example of the activity of oil pipeline transport enterprises, including pipelines, oil pumping stations, administrative, repair and emergency response units. The novelty of the proposed version of integration of geoinformation technologies and digital image processing consists in the application of a set-theoretic approach to a uniform formal description of various types of spatial data, digital images and their interrelationships necessary for constructing three-dimensional models of production facilities of CDS. This has allowed criteria, composition and structure of these 3D models to be defined using different levels of detail of the object models in order to reduce the computational load and speed up the 3D visualization of objects of CDS. These are necessary to support the decision-making when responding to certain types of emergency situations. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it increases the efficiency of decision-making support in countering some emergencies, which, among others, is achieved through the use of three-dimensional visualization of technological and operational (obtained in the event of an accident) information about the production facilities of the CDS, whereas the quality and fullness of the optimized 3D model directly affect the decisions made in response to the emergencies. The developed methods and algorithms have been practically implemented when building 3D geoinformation models.
ON THE BERLEKAMP — MASSEY ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DECODING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Ratseev S. M. , Lavrinenko A. D. , Stepanova E. A.
Published: July 2022

The paper is devoted to the Berlekamp Masssey algorithm and its equivalent version based on the extended Euclidean algorithm. An optimized Berlekamp Massey algorithm is also given for the case ofa field of characteristic 2. The Berlekamp Massey algorithm has a quadratic complexity and is used, for example, to solve systems of linear equations in which the matrix of the system is the Toeplitz matrix. In particular, such systems of equations appear in algorithms for the syndrome decoding of BCH codes, Reed Solomon codes, generalized Reed Solomon codes, and Goppa codes. Algorithms for decoding the listed codes based on the Berlekamp Massey algorithm are given.
NONLINEAR DYNAMIC EQUATIONS FOR ELASTIC MICROMORPHIC SOLIDS AND SHELLS. PART I
Authors: Lychev S. A. , Koifman K. G. , Digilov A. V.
Published: July 2022

The present paper develops a general approach to deriving nonlinear equations of motion for solids whose material points possess additional degrees of freedom. The essential characteristic of this approach is theaccount of incompatible deformations that may occur in the body due to distributed defects or in the result of the some kind of process like growth or remodelling. The mathematical formalism is based on least action principle and Noether symmetries. The peculiarity of such formalism is in formal description of reference shape of the body, which in the case of incompatible deformations has to be regarded either as a continual family of shapes or some shape embedded into non-Euclidean space. Although the general approach yields equations for Cosserat-type solids, micromorphic bodies and shells, the latter differ significantly in the formal description of enhanced geometric structures upon which the action integral has to be defined. Detailed discussion of this disparity is given.
Infiltrasi dan Aliran Permukaan pada Agroforestri dan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Austin Ullyta  , Tarigan Suria Darma , Wahjunie Enni Dwi
Published: July 2022

Forest to oil palm plantations conversion has changed soil's physical properties significantly. It caused significant changes in the hydrological cycle and affects the water resources around the research site. One of the strategies that could minimize the negative impact of monoculture oil palm plantations is better plantation management by implementing a mixed cropping system (agroforestry). This study aims to analyze the infiltration, surface runoff, and surface runoff coefficient in agroforestry and monoculture oil palm. This observation was conducted in the oil palm plantation area of PT Humusindo Makmur Sejati, Bungku Village, Bajubang District, Batanghari Regency. The infiltration rate was calculated according to the Horton method, and the amount of runoff in agroforestry and oil palm monoculture used the soil conservation service-curve number method. The results showed differences in infiltration, surface runoff, and runoff coefficients between the agroforestry land and the monoculture oil palm. The highest infiltration is in A48, which is 42,00 cm/hour in the dry season and 18,00 cm/hour in the rainy season. The lowest runoff is in A23, which is 70.14 mm with a runoff coefficient of 0.04. The highest runoff occurred in S48 of 339.88 mm, with a runoff coefficient of 0.19. The differences in infiltration, surface runoff, and runoff coefficient in this study are affected by the vegetation density and the amount of litter.   Keywords: agroforestry, infiltration, oil palm, runoff coefficients, surface runoff
Understanding Age Differences in Technophobia: A South African Case Study
Authors: Faloye Samuel , Ranjeeth Sanjay , Ako-Nai Sonny
Published: July 2022

Over the years, technology has become an essential part of our lives, with technological advancement presenting on-going opportunities. However, technology creates negative emotions, anxiety and fear among some people due to an established set of norms and individual behaviour patterns. Such fear, anxiety and apprehension has been described as technophobia, which constrains individuals’ ability to use technology and thus puts them at a disadvantage. The continuous emergence of new technologies has given rise to increased technophobia, which is now believed to affect a third of every population. This article examines age differences in the level of technophobia as well as the personal characteristics that positively influence it. A quantitative methodology was employed, and 384 questionnaires were distributed to participants in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The findings show that technophobia occurs within all age groups (the young, middle-aged and older). However, young adults with no formal education and employment demonstrated lower levels of technophobia than other age groups. The results also demonstrate a significant relationship between levels of technophobia and the demographic profile of respondents. The article concludes with a discussion on strategies to manage technophobia.
Tendencias lingüísticas de la juventud vasca. Minorización y visibilización en el contexto español y europeo
Authors: Benito del Valle Eskauriaza Amelia
Published: July 2022

La sociedad vasca muestra su preocupación ante el uso y práctica lingüística del euskera. Los Planes de normalización del euskera inciden en los diferentes sectores sociales y administrativos. A nivel educativo, el modelo de inmersión lingüística es el más eficaz a la hora de asegurar una competencia comunicativa en lengua vasca. La última encuesta sociológica llevada a cabo por el Gobierno Vasco, muestra una juventud vasca capacitada para expresarse en euskera pero que opta por una práctica lingüística bilingüe con predominio del castellano. La investigación científica sociolingüística debe seguir profundizando en el estudio de la conciencia y uso de la lengua en el ámbito universitario. Por su lado, el imaginario lingüístico monolingüe de la sociedad española, en general, necesita una actualización basada en sus diferentes planes educativos y sociales que tengan en cuenta la normativa europea sobre el multilingüismo y los principios reflejados en la Carta Europea de Lenguas Regionales y Minoritarias.

Recibido: 31 marzo 2022Aceptado: 17  mayo 2022
Morgane Labbé, La nationalité, une histoire de chiffres: Politique et statistiques en Europe centrale (1848-1919),
Authors: Dündar Fuat
Published: July 2022

Morgane Labbé’s book examines the production and utilization of ethno- graphic statistics and maps employed to colonize and govern the Polish territo- ries partitioned by the end of the 18th century by the Prussians (Germany), the Habsburgs, and the Russians. While looking at the sources, Labbé also takes into consideration the data, opinions, and evaluations of the Polish (minority) intellectuals as an example of contre-statistics. Another important topic in the book is nationality and contemporary ways to measure it. It examines the in- ternational dimension with specific attention to the International Congress of Statistics (1857-1874) where the methods to measure nationality were discussed. Additionally, the book makes use of the data presented at the Peace Conferences (1919), which used these tools to solve the question of nationality.
Yuzo Nagata ve Hikari Egawa, Bir Kentin Toplumsal Tarihi Açısından Osmanlı’nın Son Döneminde İstanbul’da Tiyatro ve Çevresi,
Authors: Erbek İstek Serhan
Published: July 2022

Yuzo Nagata ve Hikari Egawa’nın bu kitabı 2015 yılında Japonca, 2021 yı- lında Türkçe olarak yayımlanmıştır. Yazarlar bu kitabın müşterek bir araştırma projesinin sonucu olduğunu ve Tokyo Yabancı Diller Üniversitesi, Asya ve Afrika Dilleri ve Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün arşivinde bulunan 1881- 1921 yılları arasında basılmış 170 tiyatro afiş ve broşürünün kaynak olarak kullandıklarını be- lirtirler. Bu afişlerin bir kısmına kitapta yer verilmiş, ancak önemli bir kısmı kita- bın önsözünde belirtilen web sitesindeki numaralandırmalar üzerinden okuyucu- ya sunulmuştur.1 Kitap, Londra, Viyana, Paris ve Tokyo gibi şehirlerden yola çıka- rak, 19. yüzyıldaki İstanbul’un da tiyatro şehri olduğunu ifade eder. Osmanlı’nın son dönemindeki toplumsal değişimlerle birlikte, İstanbul’daki tiyatro yaşantısına odaklanan kitap aynı zamanda Japon tiyatro tarihiyle karşılaştırmalar yapar.
Mehmet Yılmaz Akbulut, Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa: Paşalar Çağının Şeyhülvüzerası,
Authors: Erkan Davut
Published: July 2022

Giriş, altı bölüm, alt başlıklar ve sonuç kısmından oluşan kitabın odağındaki kişi 18. yüzyılda yaşamış, Giritli bir Yahudi olan ve Sultan IV. Mehmed devrinde saraya intikal ederek cerrah ve sonrasında hekimbaşı olarak görev yapan ve nihaye- tinde 1707’de ölmüş olan Nuh Efendi’nin oğlu Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa’dır. Ailenin en küçük üyelerinden biri olarak 4 Haziran 1689 yılında İstanbul’da dünyaya gelen Ali Paşa diğer kardeşlerinin ilmiye sınıfına dâhil olmalarının aksine Enderun’a gir- miş, burada silahşörlük ve kapıcıbaşılık dâhil bazı görevler üstlenmiştir. Buradan 1715 yılında Zile hasları voyvodalığa, akabinde ise Adana valiliğine tayin edilmiş ve bu sırada Anadolu’da 1722 sonuna kadar gerçekleştirmiş olduğu tahrir istikba- lini temin edecek önemli başarılarından biri olmuştur. Patlak veren Osmanlı-İran harpleri sırasında maiyetindeki kapı halkıyla birlikte muharebelerde görev alan ve Tebriz seraskerliğini de üstlenen Paşa’nın diğer beylerle giriştiği çekişme ve kimi zaman başarısızlıkları bir tarafa, göstermiş olduğu genel ilerleme ile babasının Saray’da kendisi için bıraktığı müspet nüfuz mirası ile 1732 yılında sadaret müh- rünü almayı başarmıştır.
Ekolojik Okuryazarlığa Yönelik Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri ve Farkındalıkları
Authors: DEMİR F. Betül
Published: July 2022

The increase in ecological problems day by day leads to irreparable dangers. This situation obliges people to live in harmony with other living things and the environment. It also increases the importance of ecology science. Therefore, ecological literacy is a qualified basis for the sustainable development of individuals. As a matter of fact, it is necessary to educate students with ecological awareness and environmentally sensitive behaviors. Social studies teachers have a central role for students to care about the sustainability of life and become responsible citizens. In this research, social studies teachers' views and awareness of ecological literacy are examined. 34 social studies teachers working in different provinces of Turkey participated in this research in which qualitative research method was used. Data was collected with a structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions prepared by the researcher. The data obtained in the research were analyzed by content analysis. It has been seen that the definitions of ecology, ecological literacy, the aims of ecological literacy and the characteristics of the ecologically literate individual are similar to the literature. In addition, the teachers emphasized that an active citizen is ecologically literate and that the social studies course is related to the science of ecology. Teachers expressed views on different principles, theories, strategies, methods, techniques and activities in the implementation of ecological literacy education. In addition, teachers drew attention to the difficulties that may be encountered before, during and after ecological literacy education.
FOSTA: A Transnational Disaster Especially for Marginalized Sex Workers
Authors: Jones Angela
Published: July 2022

The Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA) has caused immeasurable economic harm and compromises workers' safety and harm reduction practices. The law has had the most harmful effects on the most marginal sex workers—people of color, transgender and non-binary people, people with disabilities, and working-class sex workers. Further, while FOSTA is a U.S. law its harms reverberate worldwide. Empirical data already demonstrates the damages of FOSTA to sex workers. With draft bills proposing to study the law (S.3165 - SAFE SEX Workers Study Act), and pending legal challenges, scholars continuing to gather data can help demonstrate to the U.S. Congress that reliable evidence unequivocally shows that they should repeal FOSTA. There is a need for intersectional analysis that explores the uneven impact of FOSTA, especially its effects on transgender and non-binary sex workers, who, alongside Black, Indigenous, and Latinx, and disabled sex workers, are often at the highest levels of risk. In this article, drawing from 34 in-depth interviews with transmasculine and non-binary sex workers, expanding existing studies documenting the harms of FOSTA on sex workers, I provide empirical evidence showing how the law has adverse effects on the most marginal and that such results are not limited to the U.S.
“Shut Up and Take My Money!”: Revenue Chokepoints, Platform Governance, and Sex Workers’ Financial Exclusion
Authors: Beebe Bianca
Published: July 2022

Sex work regulation is often debated from the perspective of state control: legalization vs decriminalization, ‘end demand’ vs criminalization. Ultimately, these debates center the State as the most significant arbiter in sex workers’ ability to conduct business. This paper contends that while state legislation has a significant effect on the material lives of sex workers, the terms of service of the US-based, privatized financial industry has a more immediate and widespread affect. Most sex workers make use of online payment applications as well as social media, even though both are highly discriminatory toward sex workers, regardless of the legal status of one’s employment as a sex worker, or even the laws in which the worker conducts their business. Rather than being treated as a luxury or privilege, access to both the worldwide web and the global network of banking are essential rights that enable full participation in contemporary society. Through an analysis of platform governance and revenue chokepoints, this paper argues that payment intermediaries function as an extra-legal regulation of sex work that has a more profound effect on sex workers’ material reality than State legislation, as these intermediaries control how they are able to secure business and be paid for it without having to answer to a voting demographic. Most of the world’s major social media and payment processing applications are based in the United States, which enables it to export the repercussions of the stigmatization and criminalization of sex work even within the boundaries of countries with differing legislation.
Racial Profiling and The Larger Impact of Covid-19 on Migrant Sex Workers in France
Authors: Giametta Calogero , De Riquet-Bons Dinah , Macioti PG , Mai Nick , Bennachie Calum , Fehrenbacher Anne , Hoefinger Heidi , Musto Jennifer
Published: July 2022

In this article we will discuss the first Coronavirus (Covid-19) lockdown and its immediate aftermath on the lives of migrant sex workers living and working in France, drawing on original interviews gathered between May and July 2020. Since 2016 in France, sex workers have worked under the so-called Swedish model legal framework criminalising the demand of sexual services. This has meant that sex workers, both migrant and non-migrant, have had to find various strategies to continue working within a criminalised environment      infringing upon their rights and safety. Research in the French context has largely shown that the introduction of the Swedish model increased the financial precarity and impacted in significant, detrimental ways the physical and mental health of sex workers (Le Bail & Giametta 2018). In the context of the existing hardship to which migrant sex workers were exposed under this repressive regime in France, this article investigates if and how the law enforcement and emergency measures around the Covid-19 crisis aggravated their already precarious living conditions. Our analysis here demonstrates that both institutional racism (e.g., government policies and law enforcement targeting racialized migrants) and interpersonal stigmatisation (e.g., poor treatment and stereotyping by clients and civil society) must be combated to reduce the discrimination against migrant sex workers that is amplified in times of crisis.
Sex Workers: Citizenship Status and Identity, Civic Deficits, and Exiting
Authors: Gaynor Andrea , Gifford Christopher
Published: July 2022

Sex workers have a lesser citizen status, yet the relationship between sex work and citizenship status has rarely been explicitly considered within extant research. In contrast, this article will critique England and Wales’s sex work legal and policy discourses and frameworks from the perspective of the moral, material, structural, and operational components of citizenship (Lockwood,1996). The operation of citizenship has led to the creation of policy and law (such as the Sexual Offences Act 2003) which has assigned sex workers to a “negatively privileged” group prevented from accessing a full citizenship identity (Lockwood, 1996, 538). Sex workers experience civic deficits (stigmatised, power, and fiscal) and inferior resource allocation, as their access to social citizenship rights are curtailed on moral and material grounds. Despite claims by policy and lawmakers to support and protect this group, the article proposes that the structure and operation of citizenship interplays with victim and criminal discourses to further marginalise sex workers. This is evidenced in the article by the example of exiting programmes, which reconfigure and reinforce the exclusion of sex workers while claiming to provide a supportive route out of the profession.
Impacts of Colonial Legacies on the Rights and Security of Sex Workers in Southern Africa
Authors: Aantjes Carolien , Crankshaw Tamaryn , Freedman Jane
Published: July 2022

This article will explore the relationship between sex work and the law in four Southern African countries – Madagascar, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe – to shed light on the persistent barriers to promoting the rights and security of sex workers. In these countries, as across Southern Africa, criminal laws on sex work introduced by colonial powers have profoundly shaped contemporary societal attitudes towards sex work and women who sell sex. More recently, the question of sex work has often been linked to HIV and AIDS and decriminalisation has been promoted as part of a wider strategy to protect ‘key populations’, including sex workers, who are perceived as being at greater risk of HIV infection. Based on our research with young women engaged in selling sex, we found that repression continues in various forms within and outside of the law. Though sex work is no longer fully criminalised in most countries in the region, the relics of the colonial past permeate contemporary norms and attitudes to sex work thus locking the selling of sex within the grey areas of the law and contributing to situations of vulnerability for sex workers. Our four case studies demonstrate that transformations in dominant social norms and representations around sex work have been far slower and less far reaching than many assumed they would be, even in the countries which have adopted more progressive laws and policies. The situations of vulnerability experienced by sex workers also escalated during the COVID-19 crisis, highlighting the critical need for state intervention to improve their legal, economic and social position.
Upholding Racist Heteronormativity: The Anti-Blackness of Prostitution Neo-Abolitionism in the United States
Authors: Jackson Crystal
Published: July 2022

This article will address the present-day racist implications of anti-prostitution “modern day slavery” efforts, referred to in the literature as prostitution neo-abolitionism, specific to the United States. An intersectional feminist triangulation of U.S. sex worker rights ideology, prostitution neo-abolitionism, and racial justice abolitionism reveals how race and gender are coded implicitly and explicitly in U.S. socio-legal efforts. In the U.S., “abolitionism” is commonly understood as a racial justice movement that includes demands to abolish policing and the prison industrial complex (PIC). This ideological triangulation illuminates how prostitution neo-abolitionism in the U.S. uniquely co-opts historical anti-slavery movement language—a movement that was inherently anti-racist— to push for increased legal punishments and increased policing. This is in direct opposition to PIC abolitionists who have identified the system of mass incarceration as “the New Jim Crow” in the United States (Alexander, 2012), and who challenge racial profiling and continued police brutality against Black, Indigenous, Latinx, and Asian people, particularly those who are transgender and gender non-conforming, and those who are (profiled as) immigrants and sex workers.
LGBTQIA+ sex work in the time of Covid 19
Authors: Marshall Chloe
Published: July 2022

This report extrapolates how gender, sexuality and the law intersect for queer and trans sex workers, within the conditions of the Covid-19 global health crisis. It reports on the outcomes of legal policy as they were adopted during the pandemic and examines which is the most damaging: the lack of legal rights, the criminalisation, or the dyadic relation of the two.
Work, Money and Duality: Trading Sex as a Side Hustle, Raven Bowen [Bristol University Press, 2021, 194pp, £26.99 (paperback)]
Authors: Krishnakumar Jo
Published: July 2022

Work, Money and Duality: Trading Sex as a Side Hustle is an explorative piece of work researched and written by Dr Raven Bowen, an academic, activist, and organiser in the UK and Canada. Bowen is the CEO of the National Ugly Mugs (NUM), a UK-wide sex worker safety charity, and the cofounder of the ‘Sex, Work, Law and Society’ Collaborative Research Network of the Law and Society Association (LSA). This book has been created out of her PhD thesis and comes after long term engagement with conversations around exiting, re-entry, and duality.