bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimal-speed selection of traveling fronts to a three components lattice competition system
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Wu Shi-Liang
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the traveling wave problem for a three species lattice competition system with monostable nonlinearity. We are interested in the linear or nonlinear determinacy of the minimal wave speed. Some conditions on the linear determinacy has been obtained in [J.-S. Guo, Y. Wang, C.-H. Wu and C.-C. Wu, The minimal speed of traveling wave solutions for a diffusive three species competition system, Taiwanese J. Math. 19 (2015) 1805–1829]. In this paper, we first provided some general conditions for the linear determinacy. Then, we derive some novel results on the nonlinear determinacy. Finally, some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our analytic results. To our knowledge, this may be the first investigation on the nonlinear determinacy of the three species competition system.
Performance Analysis Techniques for Real-Time Broadband RFI Filtering System of uGMRT
Authors: Buch K. D. , Kale R. , Naik K. D. , Aragade R. , Muley M. , Kudale S. , Ajith Kumar B.
Published: February 2022

Electromagnetic radiation from human activities, known as man-made Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), adversely affects radio astronomy observations. In the vicinity of the Upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) array, the sparking on power lines is the major cause of interference at observing frequencies less than 800[Formula: see text]MHz. A real-time broadband RFI detection and filtering system is implemented as part of the uGMRT wideband signal processing backend to mitigate the effect of broadband RFI. Performance analysis techniques used for testing and commissioning the system for observations in the beamformer and correlator modes of the uGMRT are presented. The concept and implementation of recording simultaneous unfiltered and filtered data along with data analysis and interpretation is illustrated using an example. For the beamformer mode, spectrogram, single spectral channel, and its Fourier transform is used for performance analysis whereas, in the correlator mode, the cross-correlation function, closure phase, and visibilities from the simultaneously recorded unfiltered and filtered is carried out. These techniques are used for testing the performance of the broadband RFI filter and releasing it for uGMRT users.
Dynamic Regret Minimization for Control of Non-stationary Linear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Luo Yuwei , Gupta Varun , Kolar Mladen
Published: February 2022

We consider the problem of controlling a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) system over a finite horizon T with fixed and known cost matrices Q,R, but unknown and non-stationary dynamics A_t, B_t. The sequence of dynamics matrices can be arbitrary, but with a total variation, V_T, assumed to be o(T) and unknown to the controller. Under the assumption that a sequence of stabilizing, but potentially sub-optimal controllers is available for all t, we present an algorithm that achieves the optimal dynamic regret of O(V_T^2/5 T^3/5 ). With piecewise constant dynamics, our algorithm achieves the optimal regret of O(sqrtST ) where S is the number of switches. The crux of our algorithm is an adaptive non-stationarity detection strategy, which builds on an approach recently developed for contextual Multi-armed Bandit problems. We also argue that non-adaptive forgetting (e.g., restarting or using sliding window learning with a static window size) may not be regret optimal for the LQR problem, even when the window size is optimally tuned with the knowledge of $V_T$. The main technical challenge in the analysis of our algorithm is to prove that the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator has a small bias when the parameter to be estimated is non-stationary. Our analysis also highlights that the key motif driving the regret is that the LQR problem is in spirit a bandit problem with linear feedback and locally quadratic cost. This motif is more universal than the LQR problem itself, and therefore we believe our results should find wider application.
The First 5G-LTE Comparative Study in Extreme Mobility
Authors: Pan Yueyang , Li Ruihan , Xu Chenren
Published: February 2022

5G claims to support mobility up to 500 km/h according to the 3GPP standard. However, its field performance under high-speed scenes remains in mystery. In this paper, we conduct the first large-scale measurement campaign on a high-speed railway route operating at the maximum speed of 350 km/h, with full coverage of LTE and 5G (NSA and SA) along the track. Our study consumed 1788.8 GiB of cellular data in six months, covering the three major carriers in China and the recent standardized QUIC protocol. Based on our dataset, we reveal the key characteristics of 5G and LTE in extreme mobility in terms of throughput, RTT, loss rate, signal quality, and physical resource utilization. We further develop a taxonomy of handovers in both LTE and 5G and carry out the link-layer latency breakdown analysis. Our study pinpoints the deficiencies in the user equipment, radio access network, and core network which hinder seamless connectivity and better utilization of 5G's high bandwidth. Our findings highlight the directions of the next step in the 5G evolution.
SparseP
Authors: Giannoula Christina , Fernandez Ivan , Luna Juan Gómez , Koziris Nectarios , Goumas Georgios , Mutlu Onur
Published: February 2022

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures, after decades of research efforts. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks. Recent research demonstrates that they can yield significant performance and energy improvements in parallel applications by alleviating data access costs. Real PIM systems can provide high levels of parallelism, large aggregate memory bandwidth and low memory access latency, thereby being a good fit to accelerate the Sparse Matrix Vector Multiplication (SpMV) kernel. SpMV has been characterized as one of the most significant and thoroughly studied scientific computation kernels. It is primarily a memory-bound kernel with intensive memory accesses due its algorithmic nature, the compressed matrix format used, and the sparsity patterns of the input matrices given. This paper provides the first comprehensive analysis of SpMV on a real-world PIM architecture, and presents SparseP, the first SpMV library for real PIM architectures. We make three key contributions. First, we implement a wide variety of software strategies on SpMV for a multithreaded PIM core, including (1) various compressed matrix formats, (2) load balancing schemes across parallel threads and (3) synchronization approaches, and characterize the computational limits of a single multithreaded PIM core. Second, we design various load balancing schemes across multiple PIM cores, and two types of data partitioning techniques to execute SpMV on thousands of PIM cores: (1) 1D-partitioned kernels to perform the complete SpMV computation only using PIM cores, and (2) 2D-partitioned kernels to strive a balance between computation and data transfer costs to PIM-enabled memory. Third, we compare SpMV execution on a real-world PIM system with 2528 PIM cores to an Intel Xeon CPU and an NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU to study the performance and energy efficiency of various devices, i.e., both memory-centric PIM systems and conventional processor-centric CPU/GPU systems, for the SpMV kernel. SparseP software package provides 25 SpMV kernels for real PIM systems supporting the four most widely used compressed matrix formats, i.e., CSR, COO, BCSR and BCOO, and a wide range of data types. SparseP is publicly and freely available at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/SparseP. Our extensive evaluation using 26 matrices with various sparsity patterns provides new insights and recommendations for software designers and hardware architects to efficiently accelerate the SpMV kernel on real PIM systems.
Cereal Endosperms: Development and Storage Product Accumulation
Authors: Liu Jinxin , Wu Ming-Wei , Liu Chun-Ming
Published: February 2022

The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through coenocytic nuclear division, cellularization, aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, and storage product accumulation. In the past few decades, the cell biological processes involved in endosperm formation in most cereals have been described. Molecular genetic studies performed in recent years led to the identification of the genes underlying endosperm differentiation, regulatory network governing storage product accumulation, and epigenetic mechanism underlying imprinted gene expression. In this article, we outline recent progress in this area and propose hypothetical models to illustrate machineries that control aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, sugar loading, and storage product accumulations. A future challenge in this area is to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying coenocytic nuclear division, endosperm cellularization, and programmed cell death.
Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework
Authors: Lynn Steven Jay , Polizzi Craig , Merckelbach Harald , Chiu Chui-De , Maxwell Reed , van Heugten Dalena , Lilienfeld Scott O.
Published: February 2022

For more than 30 years, the posttraumatic model (PTM) and the sociocognitive model (SCM) of dissociation have vied for attention and empirical support. We contend that neither perspective provides a satisfactory account and that dissociation and dissociative disorders (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder) can be understood as failures of normally adaptive systems and functions. We argue for a more encompassing transdiagnostic and transtheoretical perspective that considers potentially interactive variables including sleep disturbances; impaired self-regulation and inhibition of negative cognitions and affects; hyperassociation and set shifts; and deficits in reality testing, source attributions, and metacognition. We present an overview of the field of dissociation, delineate uncontested and converging claims across perspectives, summarize key multivariable studies in support of our framework, and identifyempirical pathways for future research to advance our understanding of dissociation, including studies of highly adverse events and dissociation.
Photoelectrochemical and Nanogravimetric Study of Electrolytic Transformation of Silicon-Oxide Interface
Authors: Kalinauskas Putinas , Staišiūnas Laurynas , Grigucevičienė Asta , Leinartas Konstantinas , Selskis Algirdas , Juzeliūnas Eimutis
Published: February 2022

While silica is chemically stable in most acid electrolytes, its properties could significantly change due to electrolyte absorption. We demonstrate the photoelectrochemical and nanogravimetric features that allow identification of electrolytic transformation of Si-SiO2 interface. To that end, photoresponsivity of p-type silicon with ultrathin thermal oxide layer (10 nm) was studied. The responses were compared with those of hydrogen-terminated Si surface. The quartz crystal nanogravimetry (QCN) characterized the transformation process with nanogram resolution in situ and in real time. In neutral solution (pH 7), electrolyte absorption along with some dissolution of the silica layer has been detected by the QCN. No silica dissolution indications were observed in an acid electrolyte; its absorption was about one third of the dry oxide mass. Other discussed phenomena included photoelectron generation, recombination, and charging of the oxide film. The observed effects could be generalized to other Si/oxide systems and this has been demonstrated with HfO2 and Al2O3 ultrathin layers produced by the atomic layer deposition (ALD). The obtained results enable us to properly understand photoresponsivity, passivity, and degradation of Si/oxide electrodes for applications in devices of solar energy conversion.
Autofluorescence Imaging in the Long-Term Follow-Up of Scleral Buckling Surgery for Retinal Detachment
Authors: Salvanos Panagiotis , Björnsson Helgi D. , Vitelli Valeria , Bragadόttir Ragnheiður , Moe Morten C. , Utheim Tor P.
Published: February 2022

Purpose. To analyse fundus autofluorescence (AF) changes in retinal reattachment following primary scleral buckling (SB) surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods. Prospective noninterventional chart review study. AF images were reviewed for peripheral and central changes and compared to clinical and OCT findings. Results. A total of 73 eyes from 69 patients were included, four presenting with bilateral RRD. Mean age was 55 ± 12 years, male/female ratio 40/29, fovea-on/-off RRD 43/30, and mean follow-up time 376 ± 270 days, with a mean of 5 ± 3 postoperative visits. Preoperatively, RRD was seen as a hypofluorescent area with a hyperfluorescent leading edge. Immediately postoperatively, three types of cryopexy could be differentiated, gradually transforming to scleral hyperfluorescence. Buckle tightening produced alternating hyper-/hypofluorescent streaks, and demarcation lines showed a persistent rugged hyperfluorescent signal. Choroidal detachment led to transient hypofluorescence, whereas vortex vein compression induced persistent hypofluorescence. Peripheral retinal folds were hyperfluorescent and the drainage site was hypofluorescent. AF was highly sensitive in detecting even small amounts of hyperfluorescent persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) that showed a slow resolution during follow-up. A granular “salt-and-pepper-” like pattern in the central macula was seen in 80% of eyes with fovea-off RRD and alternating streaks in 10%. Findings from OCT imaging correlated well with AF regarding SRF, macular oedema, retinal pigment epithelial detachment, and presence of a subretinal scar, but only moderately in epiretinal membrane formation and choroidal folds. Conclusions. AF is a useful, noninvasive, adjuvant tool in the long-term follow-up after SB surgery.
Reliability Analysis of Poll Data with Novel Entropy Information Measure in Multicriteria Decision-Making Based upon Picture Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Gupta Gaurav , Gulzar Muhammad , Pamucar Dragan , Gandotra Neeraj , Alam Md. Ashraful
Published: February 2022

The polling system has a considerable role in the democratic nation. The uncertainty of the people’s participation in polling generally affects the electoral-based system. Therefore, PFS (picture fuzzy set) is the furthermost efficient and useful extension of IFS (intuitionistic fuzzy set) in a fuzzy system capable of precisely handling human perception in the decision-making system. The PFS structure involves the different degrees, i.e., membership, nonmembership, neutral, and hesitancy which are comprehensively applied to such types of complex practical problems in the real-life scenario. This advantage of PFS motivates the author to propose PFSs centred novel entropy measure via this communication, which is comparatively more generalized, reliable, and simplified in place of the existing uncertain measures. The practicability of the proposed present research work is to deal with real-world problems pertaining to the relative importance of the attributes. Therefore, certainly, the proposed novel entropy developed a different approach to handle the uncertainty more precisely as a part of the existing approaches. The validation proof of the proposed entropy measure is proved in an organized manner and practically employed in the perspective of the polling data outcomes about the people’s opinions with the VIKOR-TOPSIS approach.
Recurrent Oncocytoma of the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Almutairi Faris , Alsamnan Mazen , Maktabi Azza , Elkhamary Sahar , Alkatan Hind M. , AlOtaibi Humoud
Published: February 2022

Oncocytoma of the lacrimal sac is an extremely rare tumor. In this report, we present the case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with swelling in the region of the lacrimal sac. Systemic examination and ophthalmic examination of both eyes were unremarkable. Computed tomography of the brain and orbits revealed a mass lesion involving the right lacrimal sac with expansion of the related nasolacrimal duct. Neither bone destruction nor tissue invasion was observed. Right external dacryocystectomy and debulking of the tumor were performed. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen showed oncocytic cells arranged in an adenomatous fashion, and a diagnosis of benign oncocytoma was made. Three years later, the same patient presented with a similar complaint that was pathologically proven to be a recurrent benign oncocytoma of the lacrimal sac.
Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Yoba Fermentation on Physicochemical Properties, Amino Acids, and Antioxidant Activity of Cowpea-Peanut Milk
Authors: Chawafambira Armistice , Jombo Talknice Zvamaziva , Mkungunugwa Tafadzwa
Published: February 2022

The global renewed interest in plant-based milk and products is increasing amongst health-conscious consumers. There is increased utilisation of generic probiotics in the processing of legume milk as alternatives to dairy milk are scarce in Africa. This study evaluated the probiotic potential, physicochemical, and sensory properties of novel fermented cowpea-peanut milk with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Yoba. A 3 × 1 factorial design as ratio of cowpea-peanut milk (1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1v/v) and the application of 2% w/v L. rhamnosus Yoba obtained from Yoba for Life Foundation, Netherlands, was used. The chemical and mineral contents of the fermented cowpea-peanut milk was analysed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Quality parameters such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rate, total antioxidant activity, antinutrient, and amino acids content were determined. The fermented cowpea-peanut milk samples had 7.7–8.1 log CFU/mL viable L. rhamnosus Yoba cells after fermentation. Nutrient content range was given in g/100 g: carbohydrate 5.18–6.05, crude fat 3.3–3.5, crude protein 5.6–7.1, ash 1.04–1.26, crude fibre 0.72–1.18, and total reducing sugars 1.80–2.20. Lysine, leucine, and methionine content was 6.30–7.31, 6.60–8.75, and 1.7–1.86 g/100 g, respectively. Phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor content range was 0.3–0.34 mg/100 g and 0.86–1.12 TIU/mg, respectively. Iron and potassium content (mg/100 g) was 0.48–0.58 and 202–243 with pH 4.1–4.2. DPPH free radical scavenging, and total antioxidant rate was 56–59% and 49–54%, respectively. Physicochemical parameters were significantly different (

p

 < 0.05). The fermented cowpea-peanut milk had an acceptance rating of 78%. The successful application and consumer acceptability of the fermented cowpea-peanut milk has the potential to increase the utilisation of these legumes and enhance their market value.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Elements and Multimedia Technology in the Optimization and Innovation of Teaching Mode of Animation Sound Production
Authors: He Aijun
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, with the rapid development of multimedia technology and computer information processing, the data of multimedia information presents explosive growth. At present, the method of using artificial recognition of sound materials is inefficient, and an automatic recognition and classification system of sound materials is needed. To improve the accuracy of sound recognition, two algorithm models are established to identify and compare the sound materials, which are the hidden Markov model (HMM) and back propagation neural network (BPNN) model. Firstly, HMM is established, and the sound material is randomly selected as the test sample. The comparison between the expected classification and the actual is tested, and the recognition rate of each classification is got. The final average recognition rate is 61%. The anti-interference characteristics of the training HMM are tested, and the identification rate of the training model is selected in 6 types of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. The recognition rate of the training model has an obvious downward trend with the decrease of the SNR. Secondly, the BPNN model is built, and 200 BPNN training experiments are conducted. The training model with the highest average recognition rate is selected as the experimental model. The average recognition rate of the final model is higher than 90%. The expression ability and stability of the trained model are simulated after the new sample is introduced, and the anti-interference performance of the model is tested in different environments of SNR. The results of performance test are good, and only the recognition rate of complex types of some sound sources decreased. Finally, the accuracy of the HMM in the experiment is not as high as that obtained by BPNN. Therefore, the training method of BPNN has a greater advantage in both recognition accuracy and recognition efficiency for the studied sound. It provides a reference for automatic recognition of sound materials.
An Integrated Model of Atom Search Optimization-Based Resonance Sparse Signal Decomposition and Cross-Validation SVM for Gearbox Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Bie Fengfeng , Wu Yifan , Zhang Ying , Peng Jian , Zhu Hongfei
Published: February 2022

In the aspect of gearbox fault diagnosis, the periodic pulse signal containing fault characteristics is often overwhelmed with other strong interference components, which brings a great challenge for gearbox fault detection and status identification. To address these issues, this paper develops a novel resonance-based sparse signal decomposition (RSSD) fault diagnosis method combined with support vector machine (SVM). Based on the key of the decomposition parameters in the resonant sparse decomposition method, the influence of atom search optimization (ASO) on the quality factor in the resonance-based sparse signal decomposition method is primarily studied. The vibration signal of the gearbox was decomposed by resonance sparse decomposition with the optimal quality factor, from which the high and low-resonance components were obtained. Then, the power spectrum entropy, singular spectrum entropy, and time-domain energy entropy of the low-resonance signal were calculated. Finally, the pattern recognition of gearbox fault was completed with a designed cross-validation SVM pattern recognition model. The numerical simulation and gearbox fault experiments demonstrate that the presented method can achieve great recognition accuracies and effect capacities against interference components involved in the gearbox vibration signal.
Vibration Transmission Characteristics and Measuring Points Analysis of Bearing Housing System
Authors: Tu Wenbing , Yang Jinwen , Luo Ya , Jiang Lianbao , Xu Jin , Yu Wennian
Published: February 2022

The vibration transmission characteristics of the bearing housing system are crucial for the system fault diagnosis based on vibration signals collected at various measuring points. To study its vibration transmission characteristics, a dynamic model of the rolling bearing housing system based on the elastic interface is established. The interference fit between the bearing outer ring and the bearing housing is modelled by contact pairs. The proposed model is verified by the experimental results, which demonstrate that the interference fit can be better simulated by contact pairs. Based on the comparisons between the vibration signals obtained from the defect point and the measuring points on the bearing surface, the transmission mechanism of the defect excitation and the generation mechanism of the bearing housing structural vibration are clarified. The change law of defect excitation through an interface and the effects of bearing operational conditions (load and speed) on the vibration signals of measuring points are summarized. The results show that the optimal measuring point on the bearing housing surface is the location that is closest to the defect when the bearing housing system is working under light loads or high speeds. However, when under low speeds, the preferred measuring points are the positions where the rigidity of the bearing housing structure is weak. The analysis results provide a theoretical basis for the sensor arrangement and improvement of fault diagnosis accuracy under different operating conditions.
A Semi-supervised Deep Learning Method for Cervical Cell Classification
Authors: Zhao Siqi , He Yongjun , Qin Jian , Wang Zixuan
Published: February 2022

Currently, the Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) is the most popular cervical cancer cytology test technique. It can detect precancerous conditions and microbial infections. However, this technique entirely relies on manual operation and doctors’ naked eye observation, resulting in a heavy workload and low accuracy rate. Recently, automatic pathological diagnosis has been developed to solve this problem. Cervical cell classification is a key technology in the intelligent cervical cancer diagnosis system. Training a deep neural network-based classification model requires a large amount of data. However, cervical cell labeling requires specialized physicians and the cost of labeling is high, resulting in a lack of sufficient labeling data in this field. To address this problem, we propose a method to ensure high accuracy in cervical cell classification with a small amount of labeled data by introducing manual features and a voting mechanism to achieve data expansion in semi-supervised learning. The method consists of three main steps, using a clarity function to filter out high-quality cervical cell images, annotating a small amount of them, and balancing the training data using a voting mechanism. With a small amount of labeled data, the accuracy of the proposed method in this paper can reach to 91.94%.
Josephson Junction Model: FPGA Implementation and Chaos‐Based Encryption of sEMG Signal through Image Encryption Technique
Authors: Welba Colince , Ramachandran Dhanagopal , Noura Alexendre , Tamba Victor Kamdoum , Kingni Sifeu Takougang , Ntsama Pascal Eloundou , Ele Pierre
Published: February 2022

The field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of the nonlinear resistor‐capacitor‐inductor shunted Josephson junction (NRCISJJ) model and its application to sEMG (Surface ElectroMyoGraphic) signal encryption through image encrypted technique are reported in this study. Thanks to the numerical simulations and FPGA implementation of the NRCISJJ model, different shapes of chaotic attractors are revealed by varying the parameters. The chaotic behaviour found in the NRCISJJ model is used to encrypt the sEMG signal through image encryption technique. The results obtained are interesting and open up many perspectives.
Evaluation Model of Teachers' Teaching Ability Based on Improved Random Forest with Grey Relation Projection
Authors: Fu Haidong , Qi Kexin
Published: February 2022

The development and improvement of teachers' teaching ability is the guarantee to continuously improve the overall teaching ability and school running level of universities. Therefore, it is of great significance to scientifically evaluate teachers' teaching ability. Aiming at the problems of traditional algorithms, such as weak generalization performance and difficult determination of parameters and model structure, a random forest algorithm is introduced into the field of teaching ability prediction. At an equal time, the ordinary grey correlation algorithm is accelerated through the usage of the projection principle, and instructor instructing capacity assessment mannequin based totally on grey projection expanded random woodland algorithm is proposed. The grey correlation degree judgment matrix is used to represent the correlation between historical samples and influencing factors, and the weight of influencing factors is established by the direct weight method to weight the judgment matrix. The random woodland algorithm is used to set up the prediction model, the grey projection is used to display screen the pattern set education model, and ultimately, the characteristic vector is entered to whole the prediction. The experimental results show that the new method has high prediction accuracy, robustness, and effectiveness. It not only enriches the evaluation methods of teachers' teaching ability but also provides a quantitative evaluation model reference for teachers' teaching ability evaluation.
Mechanism of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan in the Treatment of Psoriasis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Gong Ke , Guo Wen , Du Kaiqing , Wang Fang , Li Mengli , Guo Jianhui
Published: February 2022

Objective. To explore the mechanism of the action of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan (HLXLD) in the treatment of psoriasis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. The main active components and targets of HLXLD were collected from CMSP, and the targets related to psoriasis were collected from GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, DisGeNET, and DrugBank. Drug disease target genes were obtained by Venny tools, drug-component-target networks were constructed and analyzed, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed. AutoDockTools is used to connect the core components and the target, and PyMOL software is used to visualize the results. Results. 126 active components (such as quercetin, luteolin, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinlactone, and beta-sitosterol) and 238 targets of HLXLD were screened out. 1,293 targets of psoriasis were obtained, and 123 drug-disease targets were identified. Key targets included AKT1, TNF, IL6, TP53, VEGFA, JUN, CASP3, IL1B, STAT3, PTGS2, HIF1A, EGF, MYC, EGFR, MMP9, and PPARG. Enrichment analysis showed that 735 GO analysis and 85 KEGG pathways were mainly involved in biological processes such as response to the drug, inflammatory response, gene expression, and cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as signal pathways such as cancer, TNF, HIF-1, and T cell receptor. Molecular docking showed that there was strong binding activity between the active ingredient and the target protein. Conclusions. HLXLD could treat psoriasis through multicomponents, multitargets, and multipathways, which provides a new theoretical basis for further basic research and clinical application.
An Infant with Asymptomatic Vitamin D Intoxication: A Prolonged and Sustainable Recovery
Authors: Al Alwan Ibrahim , Al Issa Nouf , Al Anazi Yousef , Al Noaim Khalid , Mughal M. Zulf , Babiker Amir
Published: February 2022

Vitamin D intoxication (VDI) usually develops due to inappropriate use of vitamin D in high doses by the families of infants with complaints suggestive of vitamin D deficiency such as delayed teething, knock knees, or delayed walking. We present here an experience of treating an infant with asymptomatic VDI that had a prolonged course of recovery and a sustainable level of vitamin D over a follow-up period of 2.5 years. In our patient, vitamin D started to drop steadily after a month of stopping vitamin D supplements but not to a normal level. It reached an acceptable level only after six months. This case emphasizes the importance of educating parents about the empirical use of vitamin D over the counter, assessing the baseline level of serum vitamin D level prior to initiation of treatment and highlights the value of verifying additional dietary sources of vitamin D or oral supplements in patient’s history.
Career Development Anxiety and Mental Health Regulation of University Music Teachers
Authors: Yan Hua
Published: February 2022

Mental health essentially refers to a state of mind. It means that an individual can keep a good or normal state in behavior. It is not only related to the overall development of the individual body and mind but also affects the construction of university teachers. This paper mainly studies the career development anxiety of music teachers in colleges and universities in China, analyzes its causes, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the pressure and promote the physical and mental harmony of music teachers and the common growth of a good social atmosphere. The purpose is to help music teachers in colleges and universities better manage their mental health. This paper collects the data of occupational stress and mental health of 164 music teachers in many colleges and universities through the method of a questionnaire survey and processes the data with the analysis formula of sample variance and standard deviation. The analysis shows that a considerable number of the respondents have career development anxiety.
Hybrid Renewable Power Generation for Modeling and Controlling the Battery Storage Photovoltaic System
Authors: Mustafa Mohd , Anandhakumar G. , Jacob Anju Anna , Singh Ngangbam Phalguni , Asha S. , Jayadhas S. Arockia
Published: February 2022

A major portion of the global energy demand was likely to be fulfilled by an extensive supply of renewable power. Renewable energy outputs, on the other hand, are changeable due to the dynamic nature of their sources. The integration of these variable sources of power into current power grids is proving difficult for electrical power system operators all around the world. The fundamental issue with renewable energy systems is that, due to the stochastic nature of renewable power, electricity production varies from period to period. Recent research and development on renewable technologies can ensure the islands’ long-term electricity supply. Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, are limited by their unpredictable nature and significant reliance on weather conditions. To offset this disadvantage, several renewable energy sources and converters must be joined. To balance the power generation and load power, a hybrid renewable power generation for standalone application is proposed. The solar plant model is made up of a 170 W photovoltaic (PV) panel connected in series, and conversion of energy is done using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, which regulates a buck-boost converter modulation. The MPPT method used in the converter’s control step is based on perturb and observe (P&O) and enhanced with a PI controller. The bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converters (BBDC) are utilized to preserve a DC-link voltage stable. This is also storing additional hybrid energy in a large battery and is distributed to the system load; then there is a shortage of hybrid power. The load current power is regulated in terms of the frequency and enables it to be achieved using three vector control technique voltage source inverters (VSI). The results were offered to demonstrate a hybrid performance of this organization.
Redefining Thirst: Beyond Dehydration and toward a Holistic Biopsychological Model
Authors: Carroll Harriet A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Currently, the conceptualization of thirst is based nearly entirely on osmoregulation, with some acknowledgment of anticipatory-thirst, though with no testable mechanism. Such a model of thirst is unable to explain many thirst-related phenomena, such as why drinking can occur with hypoosmolality or how quantity of intake at a drinking occasion is regulated. Discussion: This model aimed to unify various lines of thinking from different disciplines surrounding thirst by presenting a 4-compartment model comprising true-thirst (primarily osmo-regulated), contextual-thirst (e.g., mouth-breathing), pharmacological-thirst (induced from drugs), and impulsive-thirst (everyday spontaneous drinking). Within this framework, xerostomia (dry mouth) is the primary regulator of drinking, with a further differentiation between a literal dry mouth (“true-xerostomia,” hyposalivation) and the sensation of dry mouth (“sensational-xerostomia,” a typically nonoverwhelming desire to drink based on a feeling of dry mouth without hyposalivation). Based on pharmacological-thirst mechanisms, the cholinergic system is proposed to initiate impulsive-thirst by triggering a (sensation of) dry mouth in everyday life. Food-appetite constructs that are centrally regulated (sensory-specific satiety, palatability, and pleasantness) are applied to thirst to explain everyday drinking patterns. Conclusion: This model helps to explain some anomalies that are thus far unexplained by true-thirst, though there are several other factors which may need to be included after further exploration in the future.
New Animal Data on Osmotic and Hypovolemic Thirst
Authors: Bichet Daniel G.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The group of Yuki Oka, working at Caltech, recently discovered unique populations of neurons in the mouse brain that separately drive osmotic thirst and hypovolemic thirst [1]. After eating salty chips, the concentration of salts and minerals in blood becomes elevated which induces a state called osmotic thirst. On the other hand, after exercising and losing water and some electrolytes, a different thirst called hypovolemic thirst occurs since extracellular fluid volume is reduced. Two brain regions have already been defined to be important in drinking behaviors in animals, the subfornical organ and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Methods: With a technique called single-cell RNA-seq, single cells were found to be involved in specific behavior states, that is, either drinking pure water and avoiding salty water, osmotic thirst, or, appetite for mineral-rich liquids for hypovolemic thirst (Fig. 1). Discussion/Conclusion: Thirst is therefore a multimodal, many ways, 2 or more, of doing things, sensation, activated by 2 different stimuli, osmotic and hypovolemic. Multimodal means having, or using, a variety of modes, or methods to do something. Multimodal teaching is a style in which students learn material through a number of different sensory modalities. For example, a teacher will create a lesson in which students learn through auditory and visual methods. For thirst, the 2 circumventricular sensory group of neurons, that is, the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, are able to perceive 2 modes of thirst. Other peripheral sensory systems are also characterized by multimodal sensations like taste and olfaction. The fungiform papilla of the anterior tongue involved in water and salt tasting is also described as a complex multimodal sensory organ for taste, tactile, and temperature modalities [2]. The instantaneous and simultaneous sensations of taste, touch, and temperature when solid or liquid stimuli contact the tongue tip are necessary for eating and drinking. Oka and his team [3] also found that the tongue has a taste for water: applying deionized water to mouse tongues caused specific taste nerves to fire owing to a change in the pH of the saliva as it was diluted by the water. Water is detected only by acid-sensing taste receptor cells (type III cells). The appetitive sodium responses are mediated through the sodium-selective ENaC pathway (type III cells), whereas the rejection of high salt results from the recruitment of the sour- and bitter-taste-sensing pathways (type II cells) [4]. It is therefore inferred that our brain senses internal states by using similar strategies.
Associations between Drinking Water Source and Gut Microbiota Composition in the American Gut Project Database
Authors: Vanhaecke Tiphaine
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The gut microbiome exerts a fundamental role in host physiology. Extrinsic factors such as lifestyle and diet are widely recognized as the main drivers of gut microbiota composition [1, 2]. While drinking water is among the food items consumed in the largest amount, little is known about its potential impact on gut microbiota structures [3-5]. Objective: We explored the associations between plain drinking water source and gut microbiota compositions in a large microbiota-based cohort. Methods: Participants in the American Gut Project database provided fecal samples and completed health, lifestyle, and food records which included plain drinking water source (bottled, tap, filtered, or well water). Associations between drinking water source and gut microbiota were evaluated using models adjusted for anthropometric, diet, and lifestyle factors in 3,413 individuals [6]. Index of intra-individual fecal microbial diversity, inter-individual differences in composition, and taxa abundance were estimated by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: The type of drinking water was associated with fecal microbiota composition. Drinking water source ranked among the key contributing factor explaining the gut microbiota variation both in alpha and beta diversity analyses, with effect sizes comparable to that of alcohol or diet type [6] (Fig. 1). Subjects drinking different sources of water had differences in gut microbiota signatures, as revealed by beta diversity analyses (p < 0.05; Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, Weighted UniFrac distance) [6]. Subjects drinking mostly well water also had higher fecal alpha diversity than the other groups (p < 0.05; Faith’s PD, Observed OTUs) [6]. Taxonomic differences were found in well water drinkers, with clinically important taxa, such as Bacteroides, Odoribacter, and Streptococcus being depleted and Dorea being increased as compared to the other groups [6]. Conclusions: Our results reveal that drinking water may be an important factor in shaping the gut microbiome. Future research investigating the gut microbiota in relation to environmental factors may benefit from integrating drinking water source as a covariate in the analyses.
Endocervical Cytology: Inter- and Intra-Observer Variability in Conventional Pap Smears
Authors: Pulkkinen Johanna , Huhtala Heini , Krogerus Leena Anneli , Hollmén Sinikka , Laurila Marita , Kholová Ivana
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Although the cytological diagnostic criteria for cervical squamous and glandular lesions are established by the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, the reproducibility of the diagnosis of these lesions has been shown to be variable in previous studies. At best, occasional good kappa (κ) values were reached both inter- and intra-observerly. Generally, consensus on high-grade lesions has been better compared to milder changes. Methods: Altogether, 167 conventional Pap smears from 50 patients with histologically confirmed endocervical adenocarcinomas (EAC) and adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS) and from 28 patients with histologically proven high-grade intraepithelial lesions were analyzed by four cytopathologists. Twenty of the smears were later re-evaluated by the same cytopathologists. κ-values between cytopathologists in the categories of squamous versus glandular, negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), atypical, and preneoplastic/neoplastic were calculated. The diagnostic Pap smears of EAC and AIS with best and worst consensus between observers were then morphologically analyzed. Results: The reproducibility ranged from poor to substantial. The overall κ-values between the four cytopathologists were 0.412, 0.314, 0.272, and 0.082, respectively, in the categories of preneoplastic/neoplastic, squamous versus glandular, NILM, and atypical. Overall intra-observer κ-values were correspondingly 0.491, 0.616, 0.345, and 0.241. In the diagnostic smears of AIS and EAC, the nuclear size >2 times the normal and nuclear pleomorphism were the commonest features associated with good diagnostic consensus and the lack of nuclear enlargement and degenerative changes were associated with poor consensus. Conclusions: The reproducibility of preneoplasia/neoplasia diagnoses was better than that of atypia and NILM both in the inter- and intra-observer part in this study. In the smears from AIS and EAC patients, general neoplasia-associated features were more common in samples with good agreement by the four cytopathologists of the neoplastic nature and the endocervical origin of the lesion.
Unilateral Multifocal Choroidal Melanoma with Underlying Isolated Choroidal Melanocytosis
Authors: Di Nicola Maura , Ebert Jared J. , Hagen Matthew C. , Augsburger James J. , Williams Basil K.
Published: February 2022

Isolated choroidal melanocytosis is a rare condition that appears to be a limited form of ocular melanocytosis. Ocular melanocytosis has been known to be associated with an increased risk of uveal melanoma, and more recently, a similar association has been suggested for isolated choroidal melanocytosis. We describe 3 cases of patients who developed unilateral, multifocal uveal melanoma in the setting of underlying isolated choroidal melanocytosis. All patients developed either two distinct tumors at presentation or a new discrete choroidal melanoma arising from the choroidal melanocytosis over 1 year following treatment of the original tumor by plaque brachytherapy. These cases provide additional evidence of the association between isolated choroidal melanocytosis and uveal melanoma and suggest increased risk of multifocal melanoma in patients with this condition.
Efficacy and Safety of Different Add Power Soft Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Zengfang , Zhong Along , Zhao Xiaoshuang , Li Dan , Duan Junguo
Published: February 2022

Background: In children, myopia has become a widespread and serious global public health problem. Soft multifocal contact lenses (SMCLs) have been widely studied to control myopia progression in children. However, their efficacy in myopia control in children and its adverse effects and which added power SMCLs are more effective and safer remains to be explored. Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of various add power SMCLs to slow myopia progression in children. Method: Eligible randomized controlled trials were retrieved from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The present meta-analysis analyzed the mean differences (MD) in myopic progression, axial length, and odds ratios for adverse effects and dropout rates between SMCLs with different added powers and control groups. Changes in visual performance were also systematically evaluated. Results: Seven independent studies involving 805 children were included in the present meta-analysis. At 1-year, the weighted MD (WMD) in myopia progression between SMCL and control groups was −0.22 diopters (D) (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.56 to 0.12 D) for low add power SMCLs, 0.09 D (95% CI: 0–0.19 D) for medium add power SMCLs, and 0.2 D (95% CI: 0.13, 0.27 D) for high add power SMCLs. At 2-years, the WMD for medium add power was 0.12 D (95% CI: −0.03 to 0.27 D), and for high add power was 0.25 D (95% CI: 0.14–0.35 D). No differences were detected for adverse effects (p = 0.2) and acceptability (p = 0.74) between different added powers. Additionally, differences in visual performance changes, produced by different added powers, were not detected. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis showed that high add power SMCLs are more effective and stable to control myopia progression. Besides, the adverse effects and acceptability were not related to the added power.