bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhagic Mass-Like Presentation of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma
Authors: Marchese Alessandro , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Bandello Francesco , Modorati Giulio , Miserocchi Elisabetta
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) associated with hemorrhagic mass-like lesions (HMLs) in the retina. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of patients with HMLs associated with VRL seen at a single tertiary referral center. For each patient, the clinical charts, the fundus imaging, and the treatment outcomes were reviewed. Results: Three eyes of 2 patients had VRL with HMLs. In all study eyes, HMLs were preceded by an area of retinitis-like retinal infiltration and evolved into elevated hemorrhagic masses. Two eyes had multiple relapses with HMLs. All HMLs regressed with treatment and were replaced by extensive chorioretinal atrophy. Conclusion: VRL can present with HMLs. HMLs seem to correspond to massive intraretinal infiltration by VRL, mimicking a solid mass. Despite response to therapy, HMLs are associated with poor anatomical and functional outcomes.
Da assimilada à mãe Africa: representações do feminismo em O Alegre Canto da Perdiz, de Paulina Chiziane
Authors: Cardoso Mariana Motta Campinho , Silva Renata Flavia da
Published: September 2021

À luz de teóricos como Stuart Hall, Albert Memmi, Kabenguele Munanga e outros, este artigo propõe uma análise das personagens femininas centrais do romance O alegre Canto da Perdiz da escritora moçambicana Paulina Chiziane. Na presente leitura, é levado em conta o resgate da história e da memória cultural de Moçambique relacionadas ao regime colonial e ao processo de descolonização. Nesse sentido, são privilegiadas as análises de duas representações ligadas a tais processos: a mulher assimilada e a mulher sacralizada na figura de mãe África.
A leitura literária no espaço prisional: uma experiência com leitoras na Penitenciária Feminina da Capital (PFC- SP)
Authors: Martin Vima Lia de Rossi , Barreiros Fernanda Mendes Soares
Published: September 2021

Este texto traça considerações sobre experiências de leitura literária em situação de cárcere a partir de um projeto de remição de pena através da leitura desenvolvido durante dois anos – 2018 e 2019 – com cerca de cinquenta mulheres internas na Penitenciária Feminina da Capital (PFC) na cidade de São Paulo. Para contextualizar o projeto, apresenta-se inicialmente um breve panorama das políticas de encarceramento no Brasil; na sequência, são delineadas as principais linhas de força das ações desenvolvidas na penitenciária; e, por fim, reflete-se sobre o potencial da leitura literária no favorecimento de processos de humanização e de construção e reconstrução de nossas identidades pessoais e coletivas.
Antropologias do imaginário, subjetividades ou loucuras: um mergulho no feminismo do livro A Menina Submersa
Authors: Bohnenberger Michele Teresinha Philomena , Freitas Muriel Rodrigues de
Published: September 2021

O texto discute o livro A Menina Submersa, de Caitlín R. Kiernan (1969), lançado em 2012, nos EUA, destacando as temáticas de gênero e loucura. Relacionamos os tempos das personagens em relação às concepções vigentes de suas diferentes épocas, no que diz respeito às imagens e comportamentos definidos para as mulheres, assim como algumas consequências para àquelas que não se adequam a eles. Evidenciamos algumas interpretações acerca da abordagem da autora. conforme sua formação em paleontologia, mergulhando na mente de Imp, a personagem que nos conduz pelos labirintos das múltiplas feminilidades, sentimentos de culpas e perdas a partir dos elementos antropológicos e históricos da narrativa.
Wide Sargasso Sea e as cartas de Jean Rhys: dessacralizando o discurso colonial
Authors: Matos Naylane
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar quão contextual é o processo de escrita de mulheres, em especial, o do texto literário, tomando como objeto as cartas de registro da produção do romance feminista pós-colonial Wide Sargasso Sea, da escritora Jean Rhys. Por meio das cartas de Rhys, abordamos os fatores que envolveram a produção da obra, desde o conflito da autora diante da representação da personagem crioula louca no romance inglês, Jane Eyre (1847), da escritora canônica Charlotte Brontë, às estratégias para validação da sua obra na Inglaterra. Tomamos como referência perspectivas pós e decoloniais para análise dos aspectos elencados nas cartas e suscitados pelo texto literário.
Habitar/pertencer à casa de Adília Lopes: espaços textuais discursivo-memorialísticos em Estar Em Casa
Authors: Sales Paulo Alberto da Silva
Published: September 2021

Apresenta-se uma leitura de alguns poemas do livro Estar em casa[1] (2018), de Adília Lopes, nos quais a poeta se vale do espaço arquetípico do lar para construir uma poesia memorialístico-discursiva. Objetiva-se a examinar como alguns poemas dessa obra mobilizam espaços da casa que, no texto poético, são representados como lugar de recolhimento, de afirmação e de projeção do self da poeta a partir das experiências da habitação. Conclui-se que a ficcionalização dos elementos do lar feita por Adília torna seus poemas instituições vívidas, sejam eles relacionados aos elementos bioculturais, inconscientes, identitários e simbólicos.
 
[1]Todas as referências à obra referem-se à primeira edição.
Múltiplas subalternidades, múltiplas resistências: reflexões sobre mulheres, escrita e colonialismo a partir da escrita de Alda Espírito Santo
Authors: Alfieri Noemi
Published: September 2021

Este ensaio aborda a produção literária de intelectuais que se opuseram ao colonialismo português em África, reconhecendo o papel ativo que tais produções tiveram na história, os processos culturais e políticos que as influenciaram e suas repercussões. A trajetória da escritora são-tomense Alda Espírito Santo constitui uma oportunidade para pensar como múltiplas opressões (de classe, raça e género) foram experienciadas na época, assim como para repensar a marginalização destas intelectuais em relação aos colegas e companheiros de luta seus contemporâneos. Representa, ainda, um pretexto para pensar os limites da ideia de unificação das lutas que tem permeado algumas construções discursivas.
Health, Longevity, and Welfare Inequality of Older Americans
Authors: Miller Ray , Bairoliya Neha
Published: September 2021

We estimate the distribution of well-being among the older U.S. population using an expected utility framework that incorporates differences in consumption, leisure, health, and mortality. We find large disparities in welfare that have increased over time. Incorporating the cost of living with poor health into elderly welfare substantially increases the overall inequality. Disparity measures based on cross-sectional income or consumption underestimate the growth in aggregate welfare inequality. Moreover, health is a better indicator of an individual's relative welfare position than income or consumption.
Heterogeneous Innovation over the Business Cycle
Authors: Manso Gustavo , Balsmeier Benjamin , Fleming Lee
Published: September 2021

Schumpeter (1939) claims that recessions are periods of “creative destruction,” concentrating innovation that is useful for the long-term growth of the economy. However previous research finds that standard measures of firms’ innovation, such as R&D expenditures or raw patent counts, concentrate in booms. We argue that these measures do not capture shifts in firms’ innovative search strategies. We contemplate firms’ choice between exploration versus exploitation over the business cycle and find evidence with more nuanced measures of patent characteristics that firms shift toward exploration during contractions and exploitation during expansions, with a stronger effect for firms in more cyclical industries.
Jesuit Pacifism: The Conversion of Daniel Berrigan
Authors: Cosacchi Daniel
Published: September 2021

Among the Catholics who grew to prominence in the twentieth century, few matched the public witness of Daniel Berrigan (1921–2016). This paper will develop the topic of Berrigan’s use of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius as the backbone of his pacifism. This paper’s approach will be threefold. First, it expands on the sparse scholarly work on Berrigan specifically as a Jesuit and a priest. Second, it examines Berrigan’s own conversion alongside Ignatius’s dramatic decision to lay down his weapons in Montserrat. Third, in light of this momentous development in Ignatius’s life, the article will examine whether such pacifism ought to be mandatory for Jesuits today (beyond the prohibition on clerics from bearing arms in warfare), taking the particular case of Berrigan and his triumphs and trials into consideration as an example.
Louis Cardinal Billot, S.J. (1846–1931): Thomist, Anti-Modernist, Integralist
Authors: Bernardi Peter J.
Published: September 2021

Largely forgotten today, the French Jesuit Louis Billot was “the most important Thomistic speculative theologian of the late nineteenth century.” He taught generations of students at the Pontifical Gregorian University during the pontificates of Leo xiii and Pius x. His neo-Scholastic manuals remained influential until the Second Vatican Council. Having made a major contribution to the church’s anti-Modernist campaign, Billot was made a cardinal in 1910. He served on various Vatican congregations, including the Holy Office, during three pontificates. In the 1920s, Billot ran afoul of Pius xi for refusing to retract his support for the neo-monarchist, nationalist movement Action Française, led by the agnostic Charles Maurras, that had sought an alliance with French Catholics to defeat the anti-clerical Third Republic. Compelled to resign his cardinatial dignity, the only prelate in the twentieth century to incur this humiliation, Billot lived his last years in quiet retirement outside of Rome.
Was Niccolò Oddi a Jesuit?: Pamphlets, News, and His Disputed Deathbed Religious Profession
Authors: Lavenia Vincenzo
Published: September 2021

This essay explores the life and career of Niccolò Oddi (1715–67). Associated with Ludovico Maria Torrigiani, the pro-Jesuit secretary of state during the pontificate of Clement xiii, Oddi was not himself a member of the Society, but a man who would defend it in the years when the survival of the order was the principal issue that occupied the papal court, and when Europe was abuzz with polemical anti-Jesuit tracts. As papal nuncio in Switzerland, Oddi opposed the printing and circulation of anti-Jesuit publications; later, he became the archbishop of Ravenna and a cardinal. By some he is considered a Jesuit, for he seems to have joined the Society just before his death by making religious profession. Did this really happen? Or, was it part of propaganda employed by the Jesuits themselves? Or, was it a myth circulated by Society’s enemies? Oddi’s case may be considered informative for many reasons. His alleged religious profession before dying, which was discussed in the newspapers of the time, can be interpreted as an important episode in the political-religious struggle that accompanied the suppression of the Jesuits between real and fake news.
Page, Stage, Location
Authors: Damrosch David
Published: September 2021

The growth of globalization has greatly expanded the exposure of writers and now filmmakers to the wider world beyond their home country or region, offering new opportunities to bring elements of the outside world into their works, and in turn to take their works out to distant audiences. This essay discusses the increasing presence of foreign cultures in the progression from the literary detail to the stage prop and then the movie location, and then focuses on three films based on literary works, films that display the growing presence of the world in contemporary cinema and of the films in the world.
Cantinflas and World Literature
Authors: Sánchez Prado Ignacio M.
Published: September 2021

This paper explores two adaptations of world literature starred by Mexican comedian Cantinflas: Los tres mosqueteros (1942) and Romeo y Julieta (1943). Comedic adaptation of world literature is essential for the development of cinema as an instrument of popular cosmopolitanism, which democratizes and massifies world literature in Mexico. From this angle, I argue for the idea of popular cosmopolitanism as a category to describe film industries where the project of the nation state engages world literature and world cinema. I also posit this term as a way to address gaps and limits in Miriam Hansen’s idea of “vernacular modernism.”
Time and Description in Sátántangó and The Melancholy of Resistance (Novel into Film)
Authors: Gheorghe Cezar
Published: September 2021

The collaboration between László Krasznahorkai and Béla Tarr has resulted in one of the most celebrated recent works of world cinema. The adaptation aspect of films like Sátántangó (1994) and Werckmeister Harmonies (2000) is sometimes overlooked by adaptation studies. I will argue that the concept of fidelity criticism, disregarded by recent studies of adaptation, is still valuable for analysing the way in which literariness can travel through the transmedial modality of time and duration. These case studies suggest that a transmedial approach to the relation between world literature and world cinema is possible by putting forward a different understanding of the concept of fidelity as circulation, a concept that is common to both world cinema and world literature studies.
Biodiversity in the Andean Mountains: Two new rain frogs of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia
Authors: RIVERA-CORREA MAURICIO , GONZÁLEZ-DURÁN GUSTAVO A. , SALDARRIAGA-GÓMEZ ANA M. , DUARTE-MARÍN SEBASTIÁN
Published: September 2021

Frequent biodiversity sampling and monitoring programs often lead to relevant taxonomic findings. Here, as a product of different field expeditions to two places in the northern Andes, we discover and describe two new species of rain frogs of the genus Pristimantis from the cloud forests of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Pristimantis chocolatebari sp. nov. is diagnosed by having the following character states: dentigerous process of vomer triangular, snout large and protruding, dorsum smooth, vocal slits and vocal sac present, groin and hidden part of the thighs yellow. Pristimantis carylae sp. nov. is diagnosed by having iris copper red, dentigerous process of vomer oval, snout short and rounded, dorsum finely shagreen with scattered tubercles, double nuptial pad in males, groin and hidden part of thighs pink. We also infer, for the first time, the phylogenetic position of P. permixtus, P. platychilus, and two candidate new species. In addition, we emphasize not to use genetic distance as the only source of evidence for species delimitation, considering the high intraspecific diversity found in one of the species described here. Finally, we highlight the relevance of different habitat and ecosystem conservation strategies to promote amphibian diversity studies in the Andes.
Remote influence of the interannual variability of the Australian summer monsoon on wintertime climate in East Asia and the western North Pacific
Authors: Sekizawa Shion , Nakamura Hisashi , Kosaka Yu
Published: September 2021

Anomalous convective activity in the Tropics forced by sea surface temperature (SST) variability exerts significant remote influence that provides a basis for seasonal prediction in the extratropics. In austral summer convective activity exhibits pronounced interannual variability over northern Australia (NAUS), which is, however, unlikely forced by SST anomalies but essentially a manifestation of internal variability of the Australian summer monsoon (AUSM) system. Based on observational data, the present study reveals its significant remote impacts on the wintertime climate in East Asia and the western North Pacific. The anomalous AUSM excites the Western Pacific (WP) pattern, as confirmed through an atmospheric general circulation model experiment. Through this cross-equatorial teleconnection, the enhanced AUSM leads to the strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon with a colder winter over the Korean Peninsula and western Japan and reduced precipitation over southern China. The Okhotsk sea-ice extent decreases under warm anomalies and weakened offshore winds. The weakened AUSM leads to the same anomalies but with the opposite polarities. Our observational data analysis and numerical experiments reveal that the WP-like anomalies are excited by the propagation of stationary Rossby waves generated by anomalous upper-level divergent wind from NAUS that extends into the Northern Hemisphere subtropical jet. The climatological Hadley circulation is essential in this process. The concomitant anomalous diabatic heating over East Asia and feedback forcing by transient eddies along the Pacific stormtrack act to further amplify the WP-like response.
Image classification method of cashmere and wool based on the multi-feature selection and random forest method
Authors: Zhu Yaolin , Duan Jiameng , Li Yunhong , Wu Tong
Published: September 2021

Cashmere and wool play an important role in the wool industry and textile industry, and suitable features are the key to identifying them. To obtain effective features and improve the accuracy of cashmere and wool classification, the multi-feature selection and random forest method is used to express in this article. Firstly, the gray-gradient co-occurrence matrix model is used for texture feature extraction to construct the original high-dimensional feature data set; secondly, considering that the original feature data set contains a large number of invalid and redundant features, the feature selection algorithm combining correlation analysis and principal component analysis–weight coefficient evaluation is used to obtain important features, independent features, and principal component sensitive features to complement each other; last but not least, the optimized random forest model analyzes the results. The results show that the combination of multi-feature selection subsets and random forest makes the classification accuracy of cashmere and wool more reliable, and the accuracy fluctuates around 90%.
Race Differences in Youths’ Attitudes Toward Arming Teachers: Investigating the Role of Procedural Justice
Authors: Shamserad Faraneh
Published: September 2021

Although school violence statistics indicate that schools are safe places, anxiety over school shootings continues to influence school safety reform to the extent that security measures in American public schools include the arming of schoolteachers. Furthermore, not only have youths’ perceptions of school security been relatively unexplored, existing research points to racial inequalities in the use of and the effects of school security practices. This study uses data from high school students across multiple school districts in a Midwestern county to examine how race and perceptions of fairness intersect to influence attitudes on arming teachers. The results suggest that, relative to White students, Black students are less supportive of arming teachers and anticipate greater decreases in safety if teachers are armed. In addition, perceptions of fairness mediate the effect of race on support and feelings of safety. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Survival of a case of pre-eclampsia complicated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Alhaddad Omkolsoum M , Elsabaawy Maha M , Rewisha Eman A , Shaarawy Omar A , Badran Hanaa M , Waked Imam A
Published: September 2021

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and acute pancreatitis are peculiar complications of pregnancy. When acute pancreatitis occurs co-incidentally with acute fatty liver of pregnancy, mortality is high. Here, we report a case of a 22-year-old lady in her 36th week of gestation, who presented with pre-eclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and acute pancreatitis. She fulfilled six Swansea criteria for diagnosis of AFLP, and the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on clinical suspicion, elevated pancreatic enzymes and the sonographic appearance of a swollen pancreatic head.
Tocqueville’s Politics of Grandeur
Authors: Englert Gianna
Published: September 2021

In his defenses of empire, Alexis de Tocqueville emphasized the need to achieve grandeur for France, and his writings on Algeria have shaped our understanding of his political career. In pursuing empire abroad as a remedy for weak politics at home, scholars maintain that Tocqueville abandoned the participatory politics of Democracy in America. This essay argues, however, that the focus on Tocqueville’s international turn has obscured his interest in the greatness of domestic party politics. It demonstrates that Tocqueville championed a version of grandeur tied to the latent energies of the lower classes and distinct from the Bonapartism and aristocratic nostalgia that characterized his thoughts on empire. This version of grandeur was a political reclamation of disagreement and debate that supported great party opposition to counter the malaise of bourgeois rule. The essay concludes by comparing Tocqueville’s attitude toward foreign others, whose freedoms had to be sacrificed to the cause of French nationalism, with his description of the lower classes within his own nation, whose inclusion in the franchise could foster great politics. This comparison enables us to draw modest lessons for interpreting political grandeur in the present day.
Do Christian Counselors Show More Empathy Toward Christian Clients Than Secular Clients? An Examination of the Relations Between Counselors’ Empathy and Counselor–Client Similarity in Christian Commitment
Authors: Kuo Chun-Fang , Chang Tzu-Fen
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the association between counselors’ Christian beliefs and their counseling. One hundred fifty-eight participants, including 13 counselors and 145 counselors-in-training who were assessed for levels of Christian commitment, were randomly assigned to view one of two versions of a videotape (i.e., a client with or without Christian commitment) and respond in writing to the client’s problem. Two trained raters (i.e., a licensed counselor and an advanced counseling intern) evaluated counselors’ levels of empathy. Counselors with low and high levels of Christian commitment showed similar levels of empathy for non-Christian and Christian clients, while counselors with moderate levels of Christian commitment showed more empathy for Christian clients. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Self-learning current optimizing control for conventional stepping motor drive technique based on step pulses
Authors: De Viaene Jasper , Ceulemans David , Derammelaere Stijn , Stockman Kurt
Published: September 2021

The essential advantage of the conventional stepping motor drive technique bases on step command pulses is the ability of open-loop positioning. By ruling out the cost of a position sensor, stepping motors are preferred in low power positioning applications. However, machine developers also want to obtain high dynamics with these small and cheap stepping motors. For that reason, stepping motors are used at its limits as much as possible. A drawback of the open-loop control is the continuous risk of missing a step due to overload. Due to this uncertainty, robustness is a major issue in stepping motor applications. Until today, to reduce the possibility of step loss, the motor is typically driven at maximum current level or is over-dimensioned with results in low-efficiency. Therefore in this paper, a self-learning [Formula: see text]-controller optimizing the current is presented. Moreover, to allow broad industrial applicability, this technique is computationally simple, needs no mechanical or electrical parameter knowledge and take into account the unique character of stepping motors and their conventional drive technique based on step command pulses. The proposed algorithm is validated through measurements on a hybrid stepping motor.
“If I Hadn’t Had that Support System, I Think I Would Have Dropped Out by Now”: Parental Support in College and its Implications for Student Adjustment
Authors: Benito-Gomez Marta , Lee Grace Y. , McCurdy Amy L. , Fletcher Anne C.
Published: September 2021

Understanding college students’ perceptions of parental support and its impact on student adjustment have important implications for maximizing retention rates within higher education institutions. College students ( N = 53) participated in qualitative interviews focused on students’ perceptions of mothers’ and fathers’ support during college and its impact on college adjustment. Holistic coding interviews indicated three different classifications of parents based on levels of support: supportive, ambivalent, and unsupportive. Students indicated that their parents continued to be the main source of support and a key factor that supports their adjustment during the college years. In contrast, students who did not receive such support expressed having difficulties continuing working toward their degree. Students’ narratives also indicated that mothers and fathers provided support in different ways. These findings have important implications for practice, and in particular how high education institutions can promote adjustment and retention rates by encouraging parental engagement.
Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant Black Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Giurgescu Carmen , Wong Ana Carolina , Rengers Brooke , Vaughan Sarah , Nowak Alexandra L. , Price Mercedes , Dailey Rhonda K. , Anderson Cindy M. , Walker Deborah S. , Misra Dawn P.
Published: September 2021

We explored the associations among perceived stress, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic; and differences in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social support prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic among pregnant Black women. A sample of 33 pregnant Black women who participated in the Biosocial Impact on Black Births (BIBB) and were still pregnant in May–June 2020 were invited to complete an online survey about their experiences during the pandemic. Fifteen women responded very much or somewhat to experiencing stress and anxiety because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight women had CES-D scores ≥23, which have been correlated with depression diagnosis. Women who reported higher levels of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic also reported higher levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms and lower levels of social support during the pandemic. Women who reported lower levels of social support during the pandemic also reported higher levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms during the pandemic. There were no changes in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, or social support prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic. Clinicians should assess for signs of loneliness and depressive symptoms for pregnant women and offer recommendations for therapy and support groups.
Primary signet ring cell histology does not portend worse survival for early stage lung cancer following lobectomy
Authors: Peng Terrance , Yau Anita , Ding Li , David Elizabeth A. , Wightman Sean C. , Atay Scott M. , Kim Anthony W.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Signet ring cell (SRC) histology is considered a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. However, primary SRC lung adenocarcinoma is rare and poorly understood.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried to identify treatment-naïve patients who received lobectomy for primary SRC or non-SRC pT1-2N0 lung adenocarcinoma <4 cm within four months of diagnosis. SRC lung adenocarcinoma was defined by ICD-O-3 code 8490, while non-SRC lung adenocarcinoma was defined by ICD-O-3 codes 8140, 8141, 8143, 8147, 8255, 8260, 8310, 8481, 8560, and 8570–8574. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test was used to compare five-year OS between SRC versus non-SRC lung adenocarcinoma cohorts. The impact of SRC histology on risk of death was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

48,399 patients were included in this study: 62 with primary SRC lung adenocarcinoma and 48,337 with non-SRC lung adenocarcinoma. The mean age of the overall cohort was 67.0 ± 9.6 years. Five-year OS following lobectomy did not differ significantly between SRC lung adenocarcinoma and non-SRC lung adenocarcinoma cohorts (SRC 73.9% vs. non-SRC 69.3%, p = 0.64). SRC histology did not significantly impact risk of death within five years after lobectomy (HR 0.89, p = 0.66).

Conclusions

Following lobectomy for pT1-2N0 tumors <4 cm, patients with primary SRC lung adenocarcinoma do not experience worse five-year OS or increased risk of death within five years relative to those with non-SRC lung adenocarcinoma. Additional study, including exploration of emerging molecular profiling data, may serve to better define optimal treatment for this histopathologic group of lung adenocarcinomas.
International survey of neuromonitoring and neurodevelopmental outcome in children and adults supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Europe
Authors: Cvetkovic Mirjana , Chiarini Giovanni , Belliato Mirko , Delnoij Thijs , Zanatta Paolo , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Miranda Dinis dos Reis , Davidson Mark , Matta Nashwa , Davis Carl , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Schmidt Matthieu , Broman Lars Mikael , Donker Dirk W , Vlasselaers Dirk , David Piero , Di Nardo Matteo , Muellenbach Ralf M , Mueller Thomas , Barrett Nicholas A , Lorusso Roberto , Belohlavek Jan , Hoskote Aparna
Published: September 2021

Background:

Adverse neurological events during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are common and may be associated with devastating consequences. Close monitoring, early identification and prompt intervention can mitigate early and late neurological morbidity. Neuromonitoring and neurocognitive/neurodevelopmental follow-up are critically important to optimize outcomes in both adults and children.

Objective:

To assess current practice of neuromonitoring during ECMO and neurocognitive/neurodevelopmental follow-up after ECMO across Europe and to inform the development of neuromonitoring and follow-up guidelines.

Methods:

The EuroELSO Neurological Monitoring and Outcome Working Group conducted an electronic, web-based, multi-institutional, multinational survey in Europe.

Results:

Of the 211 European ECMO centres (including non-ELSO centres) identified and approached in 23 countries, 133 (63%) responded. Of these, 43% reported routine neuromonitoring during ECMO for all patients, 35% indicated selective use, and 22% practiced bedside clinical examination alone. The reported neuromonitoring modalities were NIRS ( n = 88, 66.2%), electroencephalography ( n = 52, 39.1%), transcranial Doppler ( n = 38, 28.5%) and brain injury biomarkers ( n = 33, 24.8%). Paediatric centres (67%) reported using cranial ultrasound, though the frequency of monitoring varied widely. Before hospital discharge following ECMO, 50 (37.6%) reported routine neurological assessment and 22 (16.5%) routinely performed neuroimaging with more paediatric centres offering neurological assessment (65%) as compared to adult centres (20%). Only 15 (11.2%) had a structured longitudinal follow-up pathway (defined followup at regular intervals), while 99 (74.4%) had no follow-up programme. The majority ( n = 96, 72.2%) agreed that there should be a longitudinal structured follow-up for ECMO survivors.

Conclusions:

This survey demonstrated significant variability in the use of different neuromonitoring modalities during and after ECMO. The perceived importance of neuromonitoring and follow-up was noted to be very high with agreement for a longitudinal structured follow-up programme, particularly in paediatric patients. Scientific society endorsed guidelines and minimum standards should be developed to inform local protocols.
The ironic syllogism: A rhetorical use of unmarked questions
Authors: Austin Benjamin M
Published: September 2021

Rhetorical questions are an important feature of Israelite rhetoric as exemplified in the Hebrew Bible. This paper builds on scholarship regarding rhetorical questions and irony to reevaluate one form of unmarked question. Previous scholarship called it an alarmed or surprised rhetorical question, characterized by the speaker’s heightened emotional state and linked by a vav to a previous thought to which it lies in opposition. This paper argues that the construction is better understood as a rhetorical strategy, whereby the speaker takes the opinion or suggested course of action of the interlocutor and restates it as the conclusion to a syllogism, after providing premises that make the conclusion absurd. This construction is called an ironic syllogism, as the absurd conclusion is a pseudo-quote said ironically. The pseudo-quote could still be considered an unmarked conducive question since it expects a negative reply from the addressee.
Real-Time Highly Resolved Spatial-Temporal Vehicle Energy Consumption Estimation Using Machine Learning and Probe Data
Authors: Severino Joseph , Hou Yi , Nag Ambarish , Holden Jacob , Zhu Lei , Ugirurmurera Juliette , Young Stanley , Jones Wesley , Sanyal Jibonananda
Published: September 2021

Real-time highly resolved spatial-temporal vehicle energy consumption is a key missing dimension in transportation data. Most roadway link-level vehicle energy consumption data are estimated using average annual daily traffic measures derived from the Highway Performance Monitoring System; however, this method does not reflect day-to-day energy consumption fluctuations. As transportation planners and operators are becoming more environmentally attentive, they need accurate real-time link-level vehicle energy consumption data to assess energy and emissions; to incentivize energy-efficient routing; and to estimate energy impact caused by congestion, major events, and severe weather. This paper presents a computational workflow to automate the estimation of time-resolved vehicle energy consumption for each link in a road network of interest using vehicle probe speed and count data in conjunction with machine learning methods in real time. The real-time pipeline can deliver energy estimates within a couple seconds on query to its interface. The proposed method was evaluated on the transportation network of the metropolitan area of Chattanooga, Tennessee. The volume estimation results were validated with ground truth traffic volume data collected in the field. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the energy consumption pipeline was applied to real-world data to quantify road transportation-related energy reduction because of mitigation policies to slow the spread of COVID-19 and to measure energy loss resulting from congestion.
Effect of Ambient Light on the Number of Motorized Vehicles, Cyclists, and Pedestrians
Authors: Fotios Steve , Robbins Chloe Jade
Published: September 2021

This article investigates the effect of ambient light level on traffic flow for different types of road user—pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers of motorized vehicles—using counts of traffic flow recorded by automated counters. Previous analyses have focused only on pedestrians and/or cyclists, in Arlington, Virginia (U.S.) and Birmingham (U.K.). The new data represent all three types of road user for one location (Cambridge, U.K.) and motorized vehicles in London (U.K.), Adelaide (Australia) and trunk roads in England. The effect of ambient light level was established using odds ratios to compare traffic flows in case and control hours, chosen to isolate the effect of ambient light from other factors of influence. The data for this analysis included the counts for 71,477,159 motorized vehicles, 89,392 pedestrians, and 66,925 cyclists. It was found that darkness leads to significant reductions in pedestrians and cyclists but does not have a significant effect on the number of motorized vehicles.
Maternal Perceptions of Physical Activity Spaces for Children in Texas Border colonias
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Pickett Andrew C. , Gómez Luis , Sharkey Joseph , Umstattd Meyer M. Renée
Published: September 2021

This study examined differences in mother-reported physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) based on child sex and mothers’ perceptions of PA resources for Mexican-heritage (MH) children residing in Texas-Mexico border colonias. Mothers with children 8 to 10 years old ( n = 335) from colonias in south Texas reported if there were places for their child to be physically active and their child’s hours of PA and ST per day during the week and weekend. Two-way ANCOVAs examined differences in child PA and ST based on presence of PA places and child sex. Only 46.0% of mothers ( n = 159) reported places for their child to be physically active; with no significant difference based on sex. Mothers’ perceptions of a place to play was differentially beneficial for girls’ weekday PA and ST. Findings suggest a need to increase perceived and/or actual access to PA places in colonias communities, particularly for girls.
Circadian Rhythms, Disease and Chronotherapy
Authors: Lee Yool , Field Jeffrey M. , Sehgal Amita
Published: September 2021

Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, exemplified by cycles of sleep/wake, hormone release, and metabolism. The adaptive value of clocks is evident when internal body clocks and daily environmental cycles are mismatched, such as in the case of shift work and jet lag or even mistimed eating, all of which are associated with physiological disruption and disease. Studies with animal and human models have also unraveled an important role of functional circadian clocks in modulating cellular and organismal responses to physiological cues (ex., food intake, exercise), pathological insults (e.g. virus and parasite infections), and medical interventions (e.g. medication). With growing knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying circadian physiology and pathophysiology, it is becoming possible to target circadian rhythms for disease prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in circadian research and the potential for therapeutic applications that take patient circadian rhythms into account in treating disease.
Central and Peripheral Clock Control of Circadian Feeding Rhythms
Authors: Fulgham Carson V. , Dreyer Austin P. , Nasseri Anita , Miller Asia N. , Love Jacob , Martin Madison M. , Jabr Daniel A. , Saurabh Sumit , Cavanaugh Daniel J.
Published: September 2021

Many behaviors exhibit ~24-h oscillations under control of an endogenous circadian timing system that tracks time of day via a molecular circadian clock. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, most circadian research has focused on the generation of locomotor activity rhythms, but a fundamental question is how the circadian clock orchestrates multiple distinct behavioral outputs. Here, we have investigated the cells and circuits mediating circadian control of feeding behavior. Using an array of genetic tools, we show that, as is the case for locomotor activity rhythms, the presence of feeding rhythms requires molecular clock function in the ventrolateral clock neurons of the central brain. We further demonstrate that the speed of molecular clock oscillations in these neurons dictates the free-running period length of feeding rhythms. In contrast to the effects observed with central clock cell manipulations, we show that genetic abrogation of the molecular clock in the fat body, a peripheral metabolic tissue, is without effect on feeding behavior. Interestingly, we find that molecular clocks in the brain and fat body of control flies gradually grow out of phase with one another under free-running conditions, likely due to a long endogenous period of the fat body clock. Under these conditions, the period of feeding rhythms tracks with molecular oscillations in central brain clock cells, consistent with a primary role of the brain clock in dictating the timing of feeding behavior. Finally, despite a lack of effect of fat body selective manipulations, we find that flies with simultaneous disruption of molecular clocks in multiple peripheral tissues (but with intact central clocks) exhibit decreased feeding rhythm strength and reduced overall food intake. We conclude that both central and peripheral clocks contribute to the regulation of feeding rhythms, with a particularly dominant, pacemaker role for specific populations of central brain clock cells.
Understanding How Nursing Students Experience Becoming Relational Practitioners: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Manankil-Rankin Louela , Schwind Jasna K. , Aksenchuk Sophia
Published: September 2021

Background

Teaching nursing students to become relational practitioners requires theoretical approaches and strategies that engender personal and aesthetic knowing. These qualities closely parallel those that define relational practice. The use of creative self-expression in supporting the development of student capacity for relational practice offers a viable approach.

Purpose

To learn how nursing students’ engagement in creative self-expression activities may impact the construction of their professional identity and capacity for relational practice as novice nurses.

Method

Clandinin and Connelly's narrative inquiry approach was used to explore nursing students’ experiences of learning how to become relational practitioners. Four new nurse graduates engaged in a follow-up focus group using Schwind's narrative reflective process to discuss the impact of a relational practice workshop series.

Findings

Bronwyn's story became the composite of the four participants. Two key narrative patterns emerged: being in service of others and being knowledgeable collaborative leaders. These entailed an intentional engagement in relationships with patients, which required attention to the co-constructed relational space. The creative approaches used to facilitate students’ learning informed their awareness that led to their transformation.

Implications

Educating future nurses who are relational, person-centered practitioners requires a holistic approach to teaching/learning which also includes creative self-expression.
Rate of Leptomeningeal Enhancement in Pediatric Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Associated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Gadde Judith A. , Wolf David S. , Keller Stephanie , Gombolay Grace Y.
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-abs) are associated with demyelinating diseases. Leptomeningeal enhancement occurs in 6% of adult MOG-abs patients but rates in pediatric MOG-abs patients are unknown.

Methods:

Retrospective review of pediatric MOG-abs patients was performed.

Results:

Twenty-one patients (7 boys, 14 girls) were included with an average age of 8.6 years (range 2-15 years). Seven of 21 (33%) pediatric MOG-abs patients had leptomeningeal enhancement. Two patients’ relapses were manifested by leptomeningeal enhancement alone and another patient presented with seizures, encephalopathy, and aseptic meningitis without demyelinating lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was seen in both leptomeningeal (4/7 patients) and nonleptomeningeal enhancement (10/14 patients). Interestingly, 3 patients with leptomeningeal enhancement had normal cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count. Cortical edema was more likely in patients with leptomeningeal enhancement ( P = .0263).

Conclusion:

We expand the clinical spectrum of anti-MOG antibody–associated disorder. Patients with recurrent leptomeningeal enhancement without demyelinating lesions should be tested for MOG antibodies.
Numerical modeling of an innovative arc shape rib based solar air heater
Authors: Kazemi Moghadam Hamid , Mousavi Ajarostaghi Seyed Soheil , Poncet Sébastien
Published: September 2021

Solar air heating is a solar thermal technology wherein the sun energy is absorbed by an intermediate medium and utilized to heat air. In the present paper, a solar air heater equipped with innovative arc shaped ribs is considered. The heat transfer process in the proposed solar air heater is evaluated numerically for Reynolds numbers between 6000 and 12000. The influences of the rib cross section type, the inter-rib distance, the aspect ratio and the pitch of the ribs on the thermal efficiency of solar air heater are analyzed. Results indicate that firstly, ribs with quadrangular type of cross section exhibit the best coefficient of performance. Moreover, ribs with low pitch (40 mm) and aspect ratio equal to 0.5 show the highest thermal performance. Also, the effect of the distance between the ribs on the thermal efficiency of the considered solar air heater is insignificant. Finally, two correlations are obtained for the average Nusselt number and friction factor based on three dimensionless geometric factors.
Experimental study on vertical vibration characteristics of medium-low speed maglev vehicle when standing still on steel beams
Authors: Li Miao , Chen Xiaohao , Luo Shihui , Ma Weihua , Lei Cheng , Liu Wenliang , Gong Junhu
Published: September 2021

Levitation stability is the very basis for the dynamic operation of Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) medium-low speed maglev trains (MSMT). However, self-excited vibration tends to occur when the vehicle is standing still above the lightweight lines, which remains a major constraint to the promotion of medium-low speed maglev technology. In order to study the vertical vibration characteristics of the coupled system of MSMT when it is standing still above lightweight lines, levitation tests were carried out on two types of steel beams: steel beam and active girder of the turnout, with a newly developed maglev vehicle using levitation frames with mid-set air spring. Firstly, modal tests were carried out on the steel beam to determine its natural vibration characteristics; secondly, the acceleration signals and the dynamic displacement signals of the air spring obtained at each measurement point were analyzed in detail in both the time and frequency domains, and the vertical ride comfort was assessed by means of the calculated Sperling index. Subsequently, theoretical explanations were given for the occurrence of self-excited vibration of coupled system from the perspective of the vehicle-to-guideway vibration energy input. Results show that the eigen frequencies of the vehicle on the steel beam and the turnout are 9.65 Hz and 2.15 Hz, respectively, the former being close to the natural frequency of the steel beam while the latter being close to the natural frequency of the air spring suspension system, thus causing the self-excited vibration of the coupled system. It is recommended to either avoid the main eigen frequencies of the coupled system or to increase the damping of the corresponding vibration modes to guarantee a reliable coupled system for its long-term performance. These results may provide valuable references for the optimal design of medium-low speed maglev systems.