bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot synthesis of highly luminescent N-acetyl-l-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots and their size effect on the detection of glutathione
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Daquan , Liu Xinyue , Qiu Yu , Peng Xiao , Huang Liang , Wen Huimin , Hu Jun
Published: August 2018

N-Acetyl-l-cysteine-capped CdTe QDs with a large size (3.68 nm) are more suitable for detecting glutathione than the small ones (1.99 nm).
Synthesis of outer tube-selectively nitrogen-doped double-walled carbon nanotubes by nitrogen plasma treatment
Authors: Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Takahashi Masahiro , Kang Cheon-Soo , Kim Jin Hee , Kim Yoong Ahm , Hayashi Takuya
Published: August 2018

The selective nitrogen doping of the outer tubes of double walled carbon nanotubes was demonstrated.
Vinyltriethoxysilane crosslinked poly(acrylic acid sodium) as a polymeric binder for high performance silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zeng Xiangyu , Shi Yongji , Zhang Yu , Tang Ruixian , Wei Liangming
Published: August 2018

The PVTES-NaPAA binder possesses a three-dimensional crosslinked network and exhibits an excellent cycling performance.
A vesicle-aggregation-assembly approach to highly ordered mesoporous γ-alumina microspheres with shifted double-diamond networks
Authors: Liu Yang , Teng Wei , Chen Gang , Zhao Zaiwang , Zhang Wei , Kong Biao , Hozzein Wael N. , Al-Khalaf Areej Abdulkareem , Deng Yonghui , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: August 2018

Highly ordered mesoporous γ-alumina microspheres with a shifted double-diamond mesostructure have been synthesized via a vesicle-aggregation-assembly approach.
Preparation and characterization of flame-retardant nanoencapsulated phase change materials with poly(methylmethacrylate) shells for thermal energy storage
Authors: Du Xiaosheng , Wang Shuang , Du Zongliang , Cheng Xu , Wang Haibo
Published: August 2018

Novel flame-retardant nanoencapsulated n-octadecane with a poly(methylmethacrylate) shell was successfully fabricated by introducing a novel reactive phosphorus-containing monomer via miniemulsion polymerization.
Type-II InSe/MoSe2(WSe2) van der Waals heterostructures: vertical strain and electric field effects
Authors: Li Xueping , Jia Guangrui , Du Juan , Song Xiaohui , Xia Congxin , Wei Zhongming , Li Jingbo
Published: August 2018

InSe/MoSe2(WSe2) vdWHs with type-II alignment, effectively tuned by E-field and vertical strain, are systematically discussed for future applications in optoelectronic devices.
Isoproterenol-induced beta-2 adrenergic receptor activation negatively regulates interleukin-2 signaling
Authors: Ruiz-Medina Blanca E. , Cadena-Medina Denisse A. , Esparza Edmundo , Arrieta Amy J. , Kirken Robert A.
Published: August 2018

Regulation of intracellular signaling pathways in lymphocytes is critical for cell homeostasis and immune response. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a key regulator of lymphocytes, signals following receptor-ligand engagement and subsequent recruitment and activation of effector proteins including JAKs and STATs. Lymphocytes can also be regulated by the central nervous system through the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) pathway which can affect cell trafficking, proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. The cross-talk between these two signaling pathways represents an important mechanism that has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study provides evidence for communication between the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and β2AR. Treatment of human lymphoid cell lines with the β2AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) alone increased cAMP levels and mediated a stimulatory response by activating AKT and ERK to promote cell viability. Interestingly, ISO activation of β2AR also induced threonine phosphorylation of the IL-2Rβ. In contrast, ISO treatment prior to IL-2 stimulation produced an inhibitory signal that disrupted IL-2 induced activation of the JAK/STAT, MEK/ERK, and PI3K pathways by inhibiting the formation of the IL-2R beta–gamma chain complex, and subsequently cell proliferation. Moreover, γc-family cytokines-mediated STAT5 activation was also inhibited by ISO. These results suggest a molecular mechanism by which β2AR signaling can both stimulate and suppress lymphocyte responses and thus explain how certain therapeutic agents, such as vasodilators, may impact immune responsiveness.
UE‐centric clustering and resource allocation for practical two‐tier heterogeneous cellular networks
Authors: Oguejiofor Obinna S. , Zhang Li X. , Nawaz Naveed
Published: August 2018

The heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet) has emerged as a promising technology for the fifth generation mobile networks that can be used to meet high demand of data rate and better quality of service (QoS) performance. However, the performance of HetNet will depend on how scarce resources such as frequency, time, power and spatial resource are shared among user equipments (UEs) in the system and also how interference is controlled. In this work, we utilise UE‐Centric clustering as a tool to effectively determine the interfering base stations (BSs) that cause significant interference to each UE in the network. These interfering BSs together with the serving BSs of these interfered UEs will coordinate and make resource allocation (RA) decisions together to allocate spatial directions to each UE in the network in order to manage interference in the network. We formulate the RA problem as maximizing the weighted sum‐rate of the HetNet while fulfilling power, QoS and interference constraints. This optimization problem is non‐convex. We readily split the RA problem into two sub‐problems: the spatial direction allocation problem and the power allocation problem, respectively. We are able to solve these problems efficiently using SeDumi. Simulation results of our proposed method, show significant improvement.
Continuous frequency and bandwidth tunable combline cavity bandpass filters with internally mounted motors
Authors: Parish James S. , Somjit Nutapong , Hunter Ian Charles
Published: August 2018

Novel design methods for implementing continuous centre‐frequency and bandwidth tunability are reported. Coupling bandwidths are tuned through the mechanical rotation of a metallic plate suspended between resonators. Centre‐frequency tuning is achieved via the vertical actuation of a moving part mounted within each resonator. In addition, each resonator and transformer is designed so that motors can be housed within them – adding tunability without compromising the overall filter volume. A second‐order filter, based on combline cavity structures, capable of bandwidth tunability of 49–67 MHz for all centre frequencies in the range of 1.751–1.998 GHz is presented. Passband insertion loss is kept below 1.2 dB for all tuning states with return loss above 10 dB. A five‐pole filter is also fabricated with centre‐frequency tunability of 14% from 1.764 to 2.015 GHz and 15 dB bandwidth tunability of 107% from 41 to 85 MHz. Midband insertion loss is kept below 1.4 dB in all tuning states. The five‐pole filter is compared to other tunable filters in the UHF range and is shown to reduce midband insertion loss by 36% from the next best filter (2.2–1.4 dB).
Notched UWB filter using exponential tapered impedance line stub loaded microstrip resonator
Authors: Sangam Ramanand Sagar , Kshetrimayum Rakhesh Singh
Published: August 2018

In this study, two ultra‐wideband (UWB) filters having the fractional bandwidth >120% are designed, analysed and fabricated. The first filter is designed with three quarter‐wavelength short‐circuited stubs and second by using exponential tapered impedance line stub loaded microstrip resonator. The first filter consists of five transmission poles within the passband. The second filter with tapered inductive loading on quarter‐wavelength high impedance line exhibits a sharp notch stopband around 5.5 GHz, to suppress the interference from IEEE 302.11a WLAN band signals with an attenuation level >30 dB. A good agreement between the measured and predicted results is achieved, which validate the authors’ filter designs.
Resonant frequency tuning of nanobeams by piezoelectric nanowires under thermo‐electro‐magnetic field: a theoretical study
Authors: Farajpour Mohammad Reza , Shahidi Alireza , Farajpour Ali
Published: August 2018

A piezoelectric nanowire is used to adjust the resonant frequencies of nanoscale beams in a magneto‐thermal environment. For tuning purposes, an external electric voltage is applied to the piezoelectric nanowire. Eringen's non‐local theory of elasticity is employed to capture length scale effects. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory in conjunction with the Pasternak model and non‐local piezoelasticity, the scale‐dependent partial differential equations of the smart nanoscale system are derived. An exact solution procedure is proposed for the frequency tuning of nanobeams with simply supported boundary conditions. Furthermore, the frequency response of the piezoelectric nanosystem with different boundary conditions is analysed with the help of the differential quadrature method as an efficient numerical approach. It is found that the thickness of the piezoelectric nanowire, the temperature change, the longitudinal magnetic field and the applied electric voltage can be exploited in a careful way in order to adjust the resonant frequency of nanobeams.
The MURALES survey
Authors: Balmaverde B. , Capetti A. , Marconi A. , Venturi G. , Chiaberge M. , Baldi R. D. , Baum S. , Gilli R. , Grandi P. , Meyer E. , Miley G. , O’Dea C. , Sparks W. , Torresi E. , Tremblay G.
Published: August 2018

We observed the FR II radio galaxy 3C 459 (z = 0.22) with the MUSE spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) as part of the MURALES project (a MUse RAdio Loud Emission line Snapshot survey). We detected diffuse nuclear emission and a filamentary ionized gas structure forming a one-sided, triangular-shaped region extending out to ∼80 kpc. The central emission line region is dominated by two compact knots of similar flux: the first (N1) cospatial with the radio core and the (N2) second located 1″.2 (5.3 kpc) to the SE. The two regions differ dramatically from the point of view of velocity (with an offset of ∼400 km s−1), line widths, and line ratios. This suggests that we are observing a dual AGN system formed by a radio loud AGN and type 2 QSO companion, which is the result of the recent merger that also produced its disturbed host morphology. The alternative possibility that N2 is just a bright emission line knot resulting from, for example, a jet-cloud interaction, is disfavored because of (1) the presence of a high ionization bicone whose apex is located at N2; (2) the observed narrow line widths; (3) its line luminosity (∼1042 erg s−1) typical of luminous QSOs; and (4) its location, which is offset from the jet path. The putative secondary AGN must be highly obscured, since we do not detect any emission in the Chandra and infrared Hubble Space Telescope images.
Protection cathodique appliquée au béton armé aérien : étude expérimentale et modélisation
Authors: François Raoul
Published: August 2018

Cet article présente une étude expérimentale et numérique de la protection cathodique par courant imposé appliquée sur un mur en béton armé soumis à une corrosion localisée (par macro-piles), typique du béton armé. L’étude numérique est réalisée avec le logiciel COMSOL Multiphysics. L’étude expérimentale et l’étude numérique basée sur les lois physiques de base qui régissent les phénomènes électrochimiques confirment que la polarisation des systèmes de corrosion de type macro-piles est hétérogène et ne peut être appréhendée qu’en trois dimensions. L’uniformité du champ de potentiel à l’interface acier-béton n’est physiquement pas réalisable en appliquant un courant de protection de la surface du béton. Le principe général de la protection cathodique n’a pas à être discuté, mais une attention particulière doit être accordée à la réponse non uniforme des systèmes de corrosion par macro-piles car il remet en question, entre autres, le choix de la position des témoins où la performance du système de PC est évaluée et l’utilisation de critères exprimés en potentiels.
Prozessoptimierung in der Endoskopie durch Implementierung der „Checkliste Patientensicherheit Endoskopie“
1
Authors: Bichel Silke
Published: August 2018

Wiederkehrende sicherheitsrelevante Prozessablaufstörungen in der Patientenversorgung begründeten eine Projektarbeit zum Thema Prozessoptimierung in der Endoskopie durch Implementierung der „Checkliste Patientensicherheit Endoskopie“.

Die Erfahrungen aus der WHO-Initiative „Save surgery saves Lives“ zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Sicherheitschecklisten im Rahmen invasiver Eingriffe sowohl im operativen chirurgischen Bereich wie auch in der interventionellen Endoskopie die Patientensicherheit entscheidend verbessern kann.

Eine Sicherheitscheckliste lenkt die verschärfte Konzentration auf sicherheitsrelevante Aspekte in der Patientenversorgung und sichert die transparente Dokumentation strukturierter Prozessabläufe. Ein verbesserter Informationsfluss durch optimierte Kommunikationsstrukturen, stärkt die Eigenverantwortung der Mitarbeiter insbesondere in störungsanfälligen Situationen wie bei hoher Arbeitsdichte.
Atrial Fibrillation and Malignancy: The Clinical Performance of Non–Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants—A Systematic Review
Authors: Bottino Roberta , Rago Anna , Micco Pierpaolo , D' Onofrio Antonio , Liccardo Biagio , Golino Paolo , Nigro Gerardo , Russo Vincenzo
Published: August 2018

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly diagnosed in the setting of active cancer. Because of an increased risk of either thromboembolic events or bleeding, the decision to initiate therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with active cancer can be challenging. Moreover, little is still known about the optimal anticoagulation therapy in the setting of AF and cancer, and no guidelines are as yet available. Considering that nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are recommended as alternatives to vitamin K antagonists for stroke prevention in AF patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2, the authors performed a systematic review of the current literature to describe the efficacy and safety of NOACs in AF patients with malignancy.
Trucut Biopsy of a Solitary Focal Metastatic Superior Vena Cava Thrombus via Percutaneous Transjugular Approach Using Real-Time Fluoroscopic Needle Visualization in Two Planes
Authors: Narkhede Amey , Yadav Ajit , Gangwani Gaurav , Sabir Ali , Gupta Arun
Published: August 2018

Presentation of metastasis as a solitary focal lesion at an intravascular location is encountered quite infrequently. Owing to its intravascular location, accessing the lesion for sampling and obtaining an adequate amount of tissue are technically difficult. Among the various methods of obtaining an adequate sample from intravascular lesions, scoop and trucut biopsies appear to be safer and more advantageous. The authors present a case of a 65-year-old woman with symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome secondary to a solitary focal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–avid thrombus within the superior vena cava lumen 14 years after complete remission of breast carcinoma. This lesion was approached via transjugular venous access and biopsied under fluoroscopic guidance with continuous contrast injection and real-time needle visualization in two planes.
Sustainability metrics for renewable energy production: Analysis of biomass-based energy plants in Italy
Authors: Nikodinoska Natasha , Cesaro Luca , Romano Raoul , Paletto Alessandro
Published: August 2018

Biomass is an important energy feedstock and an alternative to fossil fuel. The development of biomass-based supply chains and energy conversion plants has to be calibrated to reflect local sustainability criteria. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of a biomass-based district heating plant (DHP) and a combined heat and power plant (CHP) in Italy. The sustainability assessment was developed using three criteria: proximity between biomass and the energy producer and consumer; value added, employment, and impact of biomass supply chains; and environmental impacts. For each criterion, a set of sustainability metrics was developed and tested in two case studies in Northern Italy (Sarentino DHP and Cavalese CHP). The results suggested that the DHP and CHP (1) were supplied with local biomass residues located at distances of 11 km and 20 km, respectively; (2) provided energy to 55% and 83% of the total local population, respectively; (3) generated a value added of approximately €2 million and €1 million, created 4 and 8 local green jobs, and dedicated 52% and 64% of their external costs to the local biomass supply chain (wood production, transformation, and transport), respectively; and (4) contributed to the impact category of global warming potential with 7.6 gCO2eq./MJ (compared to 70–90 gCO2eq./MJ from fossil-fueled DHP) and 62 gCO2eq./MJeu (compared to 100–300 gCO2eq./MJeu from fossil-fueled CHP), respectively.
Fast analysis of collective Thomson scattering spectra on Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: van den Berg J. , Abramovic I. , Lopes Cardozo N. J. , Moseev D.
Published: August 2018

Two methods for fast analysis of Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) spectra are presented: Function Parametrization (FP) and feedforward Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). At this time, a CTS diagnostic is being commissioned at the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, with ion temperature measurements in the plasma core as its primary goal. A mapping was made from a database of simulated CTS spectra to the corresponding ion and electron temperatures (Ti and Te). The mean absolute mapping errors are 4.2% and 9.9% relative to the corresponding Ti, for the ANN and FP, respectively, for spectra with Gaussian noise equivalent to 10% of the average of the spectral maxima in the database at 650 sampling points per GHz and within a limited parameter space. Although FP provides some insight into the information contents of the CTS spectra, ANNs provide a higher accuracy and noise robustness, are easier to implement, and are more adaptable to a larger parameter space. These properties make ANN mappings a promising all-round method for fast CTS data analysis. Addition of impurity concentrations to the current parameter space will enable fast bulk ion temperature measurements in the plasma core region of W7-X.
Bulk-sensitive imaging of twin domains in La2−xSrxCuO4 under uniaxial pressure
Authors: Zheng Xin Yu , Feng Renfei , Ellis D. S. , Kim Young-June
Published: August 2018

We report our study of twin domains in La2−xSrxCuO4 under uniaxial pressure. Using bulk-sensitive x-ray microdiffraction in Laue geometry, we image the distribution of twin domains at room temperature. When compressive uniaxial pressure is applied along one of the in-plane crystallographic axes, the domain population changes dramatically. We observe that the twin domain with a shorter lattice parameter along the direction of pressure is unstable under compression and disappears completely only under moderate pressure. On the other hand, application of tensile pressure changes the domain structure only slightly, demonstrating the asymmetric response of the sample to uniaxial pressure. Our observations suggest that a crystal's response to uniaxial pressure is complex and could deviate easily from the linear-response regime.
Using the maximum entropy distribution to describe electrons in reconnecting current sheets
Authors: Ng Jonathan , Hakim Ammar , Bhattacharjee A.
Published: August 2018

Particle distributions in weakly collisional environments such as the magnetosphere have been observed to show deviations from the Maxwellian distribution. These can often be reproduced in kinetic simulations, but fluid models, which are used in global simulations of the magnetosphere, do not necessarily capture any of this. We apply the maximum entropy fluid closure of Levermore, which leads to well posed moment equations, to reconstruct particle distributions from a kinetic simulation in a reconnection region. Our results show that without information other than the moments, the model can reproduce the general structure of the distributions but not all of the finer details. The advantages of the closure over the traditional Grad closure are also discussed.
A three-dimensional mathematical model for simulating ice accretion on helicopter rotors
Authors: Chen Ningli , Ji Honghu , Cao Guangzhou , Hu Yaping
Published: August 2018

A new three-dimensional mathematical model is proposed to predict the shape of accreted ice on helicopter rotors. The model assumes that ice accretion on a rotor’s surface occurs by flow and solidification of a thin water film on its surface. The model is developed by analyzing conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in the thin water film on a rotating curved surface. The model is expressed in rotating body-fitted nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates, and the Coriolis-force term in the momentum equations is neglected because its effect is relatively small compared with that of the centrifugal force. The computational method is presented to solve the model, and the model is validated by comparing its results with published experimental data. The results show that the proposed model accurately predicts both the water-film thickness and the ice-layer thickness on a rotating surface. Additionally, the model has been used to study how the rotor angular speed and MVD (Median Volumetric Diameter) of the droplets affect ice accretion. The results show that an increase in both angular speed and MVD can lead to a thicker layer of ice, while the effect of MVD on ice accretion near the stagnation point becomes unobvious when MVD is larger enough.
Structural and dynamic properties of water molecules in a uniformly charged nanopore
Authors: Zhu Jianzhuo , Zhu Erkuang , Gao Jing , Li Xingyuan , Su Jiguo
Published: August 2018

The structural and dynamic properties of water molecules in a uniformly charged nanopore have been studied using the method of classical molecular dynamics simulation. When confined in an uncharged nanopore with an appropriate radius, water molecules are aligned along the nanopore axis and form a single-file structure with the dipole vectors pointing toward the same end of the nanopore. We demonstrate here that when the nanopore is uniformly charged, the water molecules in the nanopore pack more tightly and the water molecules near the two ends of the nanopore are no longer aligned along the nanopore axis but tend to be aligned perpendicularly to the nanopore axis. The water dipole vectors do not point toward the same nanopore end. When the nanopore is positively charged, the water molecules in the nanopore align with their oxygen atoms pointing to the center of the nanopore. The central water molecule forms an L-defect. However for a negatively charged nanopore, the water molecules in the nanopore take up the opposite orientation. A D-defect is formed at the center of the nanopore. Furthermore, the water molecules in the negatively charged nanopore with moderate atomic partial charges diffuse and transport more quickly than the water molecules in an uncharged nanopore.
Auger recombination in AlGaN quantum wells for UV light-emitting diodes
Authors: Nippert Felix , Tollabi Mazraehno Mohammad , Davies Matthew J. , Hoffmann Marc P. , Lugauer Hans-Jürgen , Kure Thomas , Kneissl Michael , Hoffmann Axel , Wagner Markus R.
Published: August 2018

We show that the often observed efficiency droop in AlGaN quantum well heterostructures is an internal carrier loss process, analogous to the InGaN system. We attribute this loss process to Auger recombination, with C = 2.3 × 10−30 cm6 s−1; a similar value found commonly in InGaN-based devices. As a result, the peak internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of our structures is limited to 66%. These values were obtained by resonant excitation (time-resolved) photoluminescence (PL), avoiding common error sources in IQE measurements. The existence of strong Auger recombination implies that simple methods employed for IQE determination, such as temperature-dependent PL, may lead to erroneous values. Auger losses will have to be considered once the challenges regarding carrier injection are solved.
A novel spark plasma sintering route to process high-strength Ti–4Al–2Fe/TiB nano-composite
Authors: Chaudhari Rajesh , Bauri Ranjit
Published: August 2018

Ti–4Al–2Fe alloy and Ti–4Al–2Fe/TiB nano-composite were processed by a novel spark plasma sintering route. KBF4 was used as an alternative and inexpensive boron precursor to form TiB reinforcement in situ during sintering. Fe was used as an alternative to vanadium to make the ( α +  β) Ti matrix. The processed Ti–4Al–2Fe alloy exhibited excellent mechanical properties (CS = 1798 MPa). The TiB whiskers were distributed homogeneously and were fine (widths 130 nm and lengths from 100 nm to 3 µm). No residual TiB2 was found in the composite, in contrast with other methods. The TiB homogenised and refined the microstructure, while the hardness (710 HV), compressive strength (2414 MPa) and elastic modulus (140 GPa) all increased significantly when compared to the unreinforced alloy.
Consensus statement on placebo effects in sports and exercise: The need for conceptual clarity, methodological rigour, and the elucidation of neurobiological mechanisms
Authors: Beedie Christopher , Benedetti Fabrizio , Barbiani Diletta , Camerone Eleanora , Cohen Emma , Coleman Damian , Davis Arran , Elsworth‐Edelsten Charlotte , Flowers Elliott , Foad Abby , Harvey Simon , Hettinga Florentina , Hurst Philip , Lane Andrew , Lindheimer Jacob , Raglin John , Roelands Bart , Schiphof‐Godart Lieke , Szabo Attila
Published: August 2018

In June 2017 a group of experts in anthropology, biology, kinesiology, neuroscience, physiology, and psychology convened in Canterbury, UK, to address questions relating to the placebo effect in sport and exercise. The event was supported exclusively by Quality Related (QR) funding from the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE). The funder did not influence the content or conclusions of the group. No competing interests were declared by any delegate. During the meeting and in follow‐up correspondence, all delegates agreed the need to communicate the outcomes of the meeting via a brief consensus statement. The two specific aims of this statement are to encourage researchers in sport and exercise science to

1. Where possible, adopt research methods that more effectively elucidate the role of the brain in mediating the effects of treatments and interventions.

2. Where possible, adopt methods that factor for and/or quantify placebo effects that could explain a percentage of inter‐individual variability in response to treatments and intervention.
Professional Embodiment: Walking, Re-engagement of Desk Interactions, and Provision of Instruction during Classroom Rounds
Authors: Jakonen Teppo
Published: August 2018

Unlike continuous whole-class (plenary) interaction, independent task work involves incipient teacher–student talk, as the teacher typically ‘makes rounds’ to engage in brief desk interactions with students. This article draws on multimodal conversation analysis to investigate how teacher movement during tasks offers resources for re-engaging in desk interactions and offering task-related guidance. The focus is on teachers’ walking trajectories and ways of positioning the body, and students’ orientation to them, in (i) (pre-)opening moments of a desk interaction, and (ii) during a subsequent instructional turn that guides students with the ongoing task. The analysis shows how the pedagogical actions of checking and assessing student progress as well as making oneself available to students become observable in ways of walking, and how students display bodily whether they need teacher help. Movement also offers resources for shifting from individualized to collective instruction during rounds. These findings suggest that ways of navigating the body in the classroom space can index pedagogical concerns, which the students can use to make sense of the teachers’ ongoing and projected engagements.
6. The First Client Meeting and Initial Considerations
Authors: Cunningham-Hill Susan , Elder Karen
Published: August 2018

Legal representatives who are new to practice are expected initially to assist in clients’ cases and ultimately to handle their own files. In every new matter for every client, their professional conduct duties, particularly client care issues, should be at the forefront of their mind as a legal representative before proceeding to undertake any work for the client. This chapter focuses on professional conduct issues; client care; money laundering requirements; the first meeting with the client; and initial investigations. The chapter includes details of the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013 and a range of applicable examples.
9. Starting Your Court Action and Serving It on the Defendant
Authors: Cunningham-Hill Susan , Elder Karen
Published: August 2018

This chapter deals with the procedural steps, considerations, and issues that need to be addressed when commencing proceedings. These include the ‘tracks’ created by the Civil Procedure Rules (the small claims track, the fast track, and the multi-track). I details the documents needed to issue proceedings. These include parties and joinder and service provisions.
18. Experts and Expert Evidence
Authors: Cunningham-Hill Susan , Elder Karen
Published: August 2018

This chapter focuses on the role of experts in civil actions. It considers when expert support is needed—whether as part of the evidence submitted in the action or as part of the advice sought to prepare the client’s case or perhaps for both situations. It discusses the role that the expert will take in both of the situations identified; when permission of the court is needed to engage and submit expert evidence in the action; the need to provide a cost estimate of using an expert and the costs consequences for the client in engaging expert evidence; the management and suitable direction of steps taken in advising clients and proceeding with an action to meet the court’s overall discretion to control the evidence; and the important matters to consider in engaging an expert and in managing several experts in a case.
20. Assessment of Costs Proceedings
Authors: Cunningham-Hill Susan , Elder Karen
Published: August 2018

This chapter focuses on the practical considerations and procedures involved in assessing costs once the litigation is concluded. The client must understand that, despite receiving a costs order in his favour, agreeing a liability to pay, or being ordered to pay costs, if the amount of costs cannot be agreed between the parties, then further proceedings and costs are incurred before a resolution is secured. The chapter covers detailed assessments of costs. It discusses the procedures for the assessment of costs and costs-only proceedings.
8. Corporation tax
Authors: Wright Kathryn , Firth Clare , Crompton Lucy , Fox Helen , Seabridge Frances , Wigglesworth Susan , Smart Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

All companies incorporated in the UK which actively carry on business are liable to pay corporation tax (CT) on their taxable profits. This chapter considers the charge to CT with particular focus on calculating chargeable income profits and allowable deductions; the treatment of company capital gains and capital losses; trading loss relief; capital allowances; and close companies.
11. Taxation of trusts and settlements
Authors: Wright Kathryn , Firth Clare , Crompton Lucy , Fox Helen , Seabridge Frances , Wigglesworth Susan , Smart Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

Settlements may be created by settlors in their lifetime, or by will, or they may arise under the intestacy rules. This chapter considers the tax implications of such settlements from the perspective of both the trustees and the beneficiaries. It considers each of the three main taxes separately: inheritance tax, capital gains tax, and income tax.
4. Detention and Interrogation
Authors: Hannibal Martin , Mountford Lisa
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers the process of detention, questioning, and charging of the suspect. It discusses the rights of a volunteer at the police station; action immediately following arrest; the role of the custody officer; detention without charge; reviewing a suspect’s detention; the suspect’s right to intimation and/or legal advice; other rights and safeguards enjoyed by the suspect whilst in detention; the treatment of vulnerable suspects; interviewing the suspect; the requirement to caution; the elements of a fair interview; how an interview should be recorded; release pending further investigation and charging a suspect.
14. Trial Before the Crown Court
Authors: Hannibal Martin , Mountford Lisa
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers the procedural and practical steps at a trial on indictment. It examines the rules dealing with the indictment; supporting counsel at trial; empanelling the jury; the presentation of the prosecution and defence cases; the judge’s summing-up; and the jury’s verdict.
20. Private Privilege
Authors: Hannibal Martin , Mountford Lisa
Published: August 2018

The term ‘private privilege’ relates to separate privileges that prevent evidence from being disclosed in litigation, or witnesses from being compelled to answer questions at trial. In a criminal case, privilege may be claimed in two situations: legal professional privilege and the privilege against self-incrimination. This chapter discusses legal professional privilege in criminal cases; legal professional privilege and the courts; waiving legal professional privilege; the privilege against self-incrimination; and the privilege against self-incrimination and the European Convention on Human Rights 1950.
21. Sentencing Procedure and the General Principles of Sentencing
Authors: Hannibal Martin , Mountford Lisa
Published: August 2018

This chapter explains the procedure on passing sentence and the general principles that govern a court’s decision when passing sentence. It discusses the role of the Crow Prosecution Service (CPS) on sentence; the procedure on sentencing; hierarchy of sentences; sentencing aims; the basis of sentencing under the Criminal Justice Act 2003; Sentencing Council for England and Wales; sentencing guidelines in the Crown Court; how the defence solicitor assesses the seriousness of an offence; Magistrates’ Court Sentencing Guidelines (MCSGs); the importance of the pre—sentence report, personal offender mitigation; discount for timely guilty pleas; the Crown Court’s sentencing powers; victim impact statements; and taking other offences into consideration.
26. Sentencing Young Offenders
Authors: Hannibal Martin , Mountford Lisa
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers the range of disposals available where a young offender admits the offence(s) or a finding of guilt is recorded against him. It discusses the principles which guide the sentencing of youths; the youth court’s sentencing powers; the adult magistrates’ court sentencing powers; the Crown Court’s sentencing powers; and sentencing a ‘dangerous’ young offender.
2. Important principles of land law
Authors: Abbey Robert , Richards Mark
Published: August 2018

Land Law is an important foundation for the study of Property Law and Practice (PLP). This chapter summarizes the fundamental principles of land law. It covers estates and interests in land; trusts and co-ownership; easements; freehold covenants; leases; mortgages; and third party rights, overriding interests, and the register and classes of title.
20. Assessment guidance
Authors: Abbey Robert , Richards Mark
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers the process by which students are required to demonstrate their knowledge and abilities on property law and practice-the subject assessment or examination itself. It presents some hints and tips to enhance and improve examination technique.
10. Shareholders
Authors: Slorach J. Scott , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2018

This chapter focuses on the position of shareholders in relation to a company. It considers the following issues: registration of membership; the powers of shareholders in relation to their company; the legal protection given to shareholders by the rules of equity and by the Companies Act 2006; and the payment of dividends to shareholders.
11. Company finance
Authors: Slorach J. Scott , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers how companies raise money through a combination of equity and debt finance. It discusses the issuance of shares; share capital; financial assistance by company for purchase of shares; classes of shares; finance through borrowing; secured loans; registration of charges; priority of charges; remedies of debenture-holders; receivers; position of lenders and debenture-holders; and steps to be taken by a lender to a company.
14. The articles of a private company
Authors: Slorach J. Scott , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers some of the major issues which the articles of association of a private company are likely to address and the way in which the articles of a company can be altered and any restrictions thereto. It covers provisions concerning shares and membership; provisions concerning meetings of shareholders; provisions concerning directors; single member companies; and alteration of articles.
19. Taxation of directors’ fees and employees’ salaries
Authors: Slorach J. Scott , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2018

This chapter considers the taxation treatment of salaries, from the perspectives of both employer and employee. An employer will wish to ensure that any remuneration or reward paid to its employees will entitle it to claim a pre-tax deduction and reduce its taxable profits. The system for taxation of employees’ income is contained in the Income Tax Earnings and Pensions Act (ITEPA) 2003. The taxation of proprietors of a business and IR35 companies are also described.
20. Taxation of distributions and debenture interest
Authors: Slorach J. Scott , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2018

This chapter deals with the taxation of distributions by way of dividend and of debenture interest. Both dividends and debenture interest are income returns on investments made in companies and, therefore, subject to income tax.
21. Capital allowances
Authors: Slorach J. Scott , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2018

This chapter discusses the capital allowances system. Most businesses will need to acquire fixed assets for their operations, nearly all of which will depreciate in value over time due to wear and tear. While this depreciation may not be deducted from the business’s trading profits, certain limited types of fixed asset entitle a business to claim relief in the form of a capital allowance, which can be deducted when calculating taxable profits. The purpose of this allowance is to give tax relief for the depreciation in value of specific assets bought and owned for business use, by allowing the owner to write off their cost against the taxable income of the business. The amount which can be written off is calculated using a fixed formula. Relief is only available if the capital expenditure has been incurred in respect of the items of expenditure prescribed by the Capital Allowances Act 2001.
25. Company insolvency proceedings
Authors: Slorach J. Scott , Ellis Jason
Published: August 2018

This chapter deals with the procedures available when a company is insolvent or facing financial difficulties. It also considers the ways in which insolvent partnerships can be subject to the same procedures as companies. The law relating to these matters is principally contained in the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986) together with the Insolvency Rules 1986, as amended by the Insolvency Act 2000 and the Enterprise Act 2002. The insolvency legislation provides four procedures for companies in financial difficulties: administration, voluntary arrangement, receivership, and liquidation.
Kawase Approach for Dolichoectactic Basilar Artery Macrovascular Decompression in a Patient With Trigeminal Neuralgia: Case Report
Authors: Yoon Seungwon , Mascitelli Justin R , Mooney Michael A , Gandhi Sirin , Chen Tsinsue , Cole Tyler S , Lawton Michael T
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to a dolichoectatic basilar artery (DBA) is an extremely rare phenomenon. The Kawase approach for macrovascular decompression of this rare pathology been used rarely.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

This report describes macrovascular decompression and basilar artery transposition in a 69-yr-old male presenting with progressively worsening left-sided typical TN secondary to a DBA compression. The DBA was successfully decompressed off of the trigeminal nerve via a pterional craniotomy and anterior petrosectomy. The patient had immediate improvement in TN symptoms postoperatively. The patient remained symptom free with nonbothersome facial numbness in the V3 segment at 8-mo postoperative follow-up in clinic. The patient suffered a sixth nerve palsy following surgery, which was later corrected by strabismus surgery. The natural history and epidemiology of TN, results of macrovascular decompression secondary to DBA compression via a traditional suboccipital retrosigmoid approach, and potential advantages of the Kawase approach are also discussed.

CONCLUSION

The macrovascular decompression strategy succeeded because the compressive force was applied by the DBA to the nerve in a superolateral direction, and the decompressive sling pulled the DBA away from the nerve in an inferomedial direction. The working space and access to the clival dura through the Kawase approach allowed proper corrective pull with a sling.
Abdominal Fat Graft for Sellar Reconstruction: Retrospective Outcomes Review and Technical Note
Authors: Roca Elena , Penn David L , Safain Mina G , Burke William T , Castlen Joseph P , Laws Edward R
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

The transsphenoidal approach is the standard of care for the treatment of pituitary adenomas and is increasingly employed for many anterior skull base tumors. Persistent postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can result in significant complications.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze our series of patients undergoing abdominal fat graft repair of the sellar floor defect following transsphenoidal surgery, describe and investigate our current, routine technique, and review contemporary and past methods of skull base repair.

METHODS

A recent consecutive series (2008-2017) of 865 patients who underwent 948 endonasal procedures for lesions of the sella and anterior skull base was retrospectively reviewed. Three hundred eighty patients underwent reconstruction of the sellar defect with an abdominal fat graft.

RESULTS

The diagnoses of the 380 patients receiving fat grafts were the following: 275 pituitary adenomas (72.4%), 50 Rathke cleft cysts (13.2%), 12 craniopharyngiomas (3.2%), and a variety of other sellar lesions. Fourteen patients had persistent postoperative CSF leak requiring reoperation and included: 5 pituitary adenomas (1.3%), 4 craniopharyngiomas (1.1%), 2 arachnoid cysts (0.53%), 2 prior CSF leaks (0.53%), and 1 Rathke cleft cyst (0.26%). Four patients (1.1%) developed minor abdominal donor site complications requiring reoperation: 1 hematoma, 2 wound complications, and 1 keloid formation resulting in secondary periumbilical infection.

CONCLUSION

Minimizing postoperative CSF leaks following endonasal anterior skull base surgery is important to decrease morbidity and to avoid a prolonged hospital stay. We present an evolved technique of abdominal fat grafting that is effective and safe and includes minimal morbidity and expense.
Neuropilin‐1 maintains dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 expression in endothelial cells, and contributes to protection from angiotensin II–induced hypertension
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Enfeng , Zhang Yuebo , Madamsetty Vijay S. , Ji Baoan , Radisky Derek C. , Grande Joseph P. , Misra Sanjay , Mukhopadhyay Debabrata
Published: August 2018

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) are known to degrade asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of NOS, and maintain vascular homeostasis; however, the regulatory pathways of DDAHs remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to define the role of transmembrane glycoprotein neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) in the expression of DDAHs and investigate the potential roles of NRP1 in regulation of blood pressure. Short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of NRP1 reduced the level and mRNA stability of DDAH1 but not DDAH2 in HUVECs, whereas overexpression of NRP1 increased the mRNA stability of DDAH1. Meanwhile, mesenteric arteries and lung vascular endothelial cells of tamoxifen‐inducible endothelial cell–specific NRP1 knockout mice exhibited decreased expression of DDAH1 and slightly increased expression of DDAH2. Mechanistically, the regulation of NRP1 on DDAH1 expression is mediated by a posttranscriptional mechanism involving miR‐219‐5p in HUVECs. Although the endothelial cell–specific NRP1 knockout mice did not exhibit any significant change in blood pressure at the basal level, they were more sensitive to low‐dose angiotensin II infusion–induced increases in blood pressure. Our results show that NRP1 is required for full expression of DDAH1 in endothelial cells and that NRP1 contributes to protection from low‐dose angiotensin II–induced increases in blood pressure.—Wang, Y., Wang, E., Zhang, Y., Madamsetty, V. S., Ji, B., Radisky, D. C., Grande, J. P., Misra, S., Mukhopadhyay, D. Neuropilin‐1 maintains dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 expression in endothelial cells, and contributes to protection from angiotensin II–induced hypertension. FASEB J. 33, 494–500 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation from haploidentical donors using ‘ex-vivo’ T-cell depletion in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies: state of the art review
Authors: González-Vicent Marta , Díaz Perez Miguel A.
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review

Nowadays, T-cell-depleted haploidentical transplantation is considered a valid approach for children lacking a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical donor for allogeneic transplantation. This kind of allogeneic transplant is now widely used especially for pediatric patients with high-risk hematological malignancies. However, relapsing disease and life-threatening viral infections are still relevant clinical problems as a consequence of delayed immune reconstitution. Adoptive cell therapies have been proposed to overcome this problem.

Recent findings

After initial clinical approach using CD34+ selection as method for T-cell depletion (TCD), it was observed that immune reconstitution was delayed and it resulted on high incidence of opportunistic infections and nonrelapse mortality. It is now evident that development over time of graft manipulation techniques for TCD, have provide clinicians a useful tool for overcoming transplant complication such as graft failure, severe graft-vs.-host disease and opportunistic infections. As such, several procedures of almost total or partial TCD have been developed including CD3/CD19 depletion, T cell receptor αβ/CD19 depletion and more recently CD45RA+ depletion. Recent studies showed that immune reconstitution is associated with transplant outcomes. Based on this, haploidentical transplantation is now been explored as platform for cellular therapy to prevent disease recurrence or to treat clinical complications.

Allogeneic transplantation still remains a standard of care for pediatric patients with high-risk hematological malignancies. In absence of an HLA identical donor, T-cell-depleted haploidentical transplant is now considered a valid option and provide a platform for cellular therapy to prevent relapse disease or to treat opportunistic infections.