bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Hepatotoxic Potential of Two Treatments for Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney DiseaseUsing Quantitative Systems Toxicology Modeling
Authors: Woodhead J. L. , Pellegrini L. , Shoda L. K. M. , Howell B. A.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an orphan disease with few current treatment options. The vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of ADPKD, however its use is associated with clinically significant drug-induced liver injury.

Methods

In prior studies, the potential for hepatotoxicity of tolvaptan was correctly predicted using DILIsym®, a quantitative systems toxicology (QST) mathematical model of drug-induced liver injury. In the current study, we evaluated lixivaptan, another proposed ADPKD treatment and vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, using DILIsym®. Simulations were conducted that assessed the potential for lixivaptan and its three main metabolites to cause hepatotoxicity due to three injury mechanisms: bile acid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress generation. Results of these simulations were compared to previously published DILIsym results for tolvaptan.

Results

No ALT elevations were predicted to occur at the proposed clinical dose for lixivaptan, in contrast to previously published simulation results for tolvaptan. As such, lixivaptan was predicted to have a markedly lower risk of hepatotoxicity compared to tolvaptan with respect to the hepatotoxicity mechanisms represented in DILIsym.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the potential for using QST methods to differentiate drugs in the same class for their potential to cause hepatotoxicity.
The More the Merrier? The Causal Effect of High Fertility on Later-Life Loneliness in Eastern Europe
Authors: van den Broek Thijs , Tosi Marco
Published: January 2020

Levels of later-life loneliness are high in Eastern Europe. We assess whether having more children is protective against later-life loneliness for Eastern-European mothers and fathers. Drawing on Generations and Gender Surveys data of 25,479 parents aged 50–80 from eight Eastern-European countries, we adopt an instrumental approach exploiting parents’ preference for mixed-sex offspring to estimate the causal effect of having additional children on feelings of loneliness. We find that having an additional child has a causal protective effect against loneliness for mothers. Ordinary least squares regression models also show a weak but statistically significant negative association between number of children and later-life loneliness among fathers. However, results of the instrumental variable analyses are inconclusive for this group. We thus do not find statistically significant causal evidence that having an additional child is protective against loneliness for fathers. Our results underline the importance of addressing reverse causality and selection bias when investigating the links between number of children and later-life loneliness, particularly among women. The causal evidence presented here suggests that the trend towards families with fewer children noted in several Eastern-European countries may place new cohorts of older Eastern-Europeans, and in particular Eastern-European women, at risk of stronger feelings of loneliness.
Symptoms of Burnout among Surgeons are Correlated with a Higher Incidence of Perceived Medical Errors
Authors: Crijns Tom J. , Kortlever Joost T. P. , Guitton Thierry G. , Ring David , Barron Grace C.
Published: January 2020

Background

Nearly 44% of practicing physicians in the USA report symptoms of burnout. Psychological distress and loss of joy in medicine are associated with malpractice lawsuits and attrition from medical practice and may correlate with the rate of perceived medical errors.

Questions/Purposes

We sought to answer two questions: (1) What physician factors are associated with the number of perceived medical errors among practicing surgeons in the prior 3 months? (2) What characteristics are associated with symptoms of burnout among practicing surgeons?

Methods

We created a cross-sectional survey and invited members of the Science of Variation Group to respond between December 2018 and January 2019. Participating surgeons completed the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and information about practice characteristics and demographics. We created a negative binomial and a multivariable linear regression model to seek factors independently associated with the number of perceived medical errors and symptoms of burnout.

Results

A greater level of emotional exhaustion was associated with a greater number of perceived medical errors, while practice location in Europe was associated with fewer perceived errors. A higher PHQ-2 score was independently associated with symptoms of burnout.

Conclusion

It is possible that symptoms of burnout cause surgeons to be more likely to perceive an imperfection as an error or that burnout distracts surgeons, contributing to a greater likelihood of a verifiable error. Additional studies are merited to investigate a potential causal relationship between symptoms of burnout and medical errors.
The Dark Tetrad in Tinder: hook-up app for high psychopathy individuals, and a diverse utilitarian tool for Machiavellians?
Authors: Lyons Minna , Messenger Ashleigh , Perry Rebecca , Brewer Gayle
Published: January 2020

Location-based on-line dating applications are a popular tool for initiating short and long-term relationships. Besides seeking for partners, people use these applications for a myriad of other reasons. We investigated how the Dark Tetrad of personality, controlling for sex, age, and trolling tendencies, related to different motives for using Tinder. Current or former Tinder users (N = 216) completed online scales for Tinder use motivations, trolling, sadism, and the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Using Tinder for acquiring sexual experience was related to being male and being high in psychopathy. Psychopathy was positively correlated with using Tinder to distract oneself from other tasks (e.g., procrastination). Higher Machiavellianism and being female were related to peer pressure as a Tinder use motivation. Using Tinder for acquiring social or flirting skills had a negative relationship with narcissism, and positive relationship with Machiavellianism. Finally, Machiavellianism was also a significant, positive predictor of Tinder use for social approval and to pass the time. Results indicate that individuals high in Machiavellianism use Tinder for a number of utilitarian reasons, whereas the main motive for high psychopathy individuals is hook-up for casual sex.
Thermal and maturation history for Carboniferous source rocks in the Junggar Basin, Northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon exploration
Authors: Hu Di , Rao Song , Wang Zhu-Ting , Hu Sheng-Biao
Published: January 2020

The reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration. Based on vitrinite reflectance data, we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow methods to reconstruct the thermal history of Junggar Basin. Compared with present thermal state, the Junggar Basin experienced much a higher heat flow of ca. 80–120 mW/m2 during the Carboniferous. This feature can be attributed to large-scale volcanic events and related thermal effects. The hydrocarbon maturation history of Carboniferous source rocks indicates that the temperature rapidly reached the threshold of hydrocarbon generation during the Late Carboniferous and has never achieved such a high level since then. This characteristic resulted in the early maturation of hydrocarbons in Carboniferous source rocks. Meanwhile, the results reveal that hydrocarbon maturities are different among various tectonic units in Junggar Basin. The kerogen either rapidly broke through the dry gas period so that cracking of gas occurred or remained in the oil maturation window forming oil reservoirs, which depended on the tectonic background and depositional environment. In this study, we present the thermal and hydrocarbon maturation history since the Carboniferous, which has important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in Junggar Basin.
Assessment of trace metal in macroalgae and sediment of the Sundarban mangrove estuary
Authors: Asha Ayesha Siddiqua , Saifullah A. S. M. , Uddin Md. Galal , Sheikh Md. Shemul , Uddin Muhammad Jasim , Diganta Mir Talas Mahammad
Published: January 2020

This study was carried out to assess the levels of trace metals (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) in the macroalgae and sediment of the Sundarban mangrove estuary in Bangladesh. In this connection, macroalgae, water and sediment samples were collected seasonally (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon) for a year from the study area. The surface water of the estuary was found to be quite rich in NO3, PO4 and NH4, which is more than that of the sediment pore water. Trace elements were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The amount of trace metals in the samples were found in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. Enrichment factor was done for trace metals in sediment and showed non-crustal origin of Zn and Cu in the monsoon period. Analysis of variance revealed the seasonal variation of trace metal concentration in sediment (except Mn; p > 0.05) and macroalgae (except Zn; p > 0.05). Iron in sediment showed significant positive correlation both with Fe (r = 0.84, p < 0.05) and Mn (r = 0.87, p < 0.01) in macroalgae. Similarly, Cu in sediment demonstrated a significant positive correlation with Cu in macroalgae (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). The findings reveal a significant communication of metals in sediment and macroalgae.
The Penal Code of Bhutan: Broken from the Start?
Authors: LHAM Dema , YEO Stanley
Published: January 2020

The Penal Code of Bhutan was introduced just four years before that nation became a democratic state in 2008. After a brief outline of the origins of that Code, this article proceeds to describe the qualities of a ‘good’ code, as viewed by Thomas Macaulay, the principal drafter of the Indian Penal Code. Thereafter, the Penal Code of Bhutan is measured against these qualities and found to be wanting in many significant areas. This article concludes with two possible solutions to rectify this unsatisfactory situation.
Effects of timing of food intake on eating patterns, diet quality and weight gain during pregnancy
Authors: Gontijo Cristiana Araújo , Balieiro Laura Cristina Tibiletti , Teixeira Gabriela Pereira , Fahmy Walid Makin , Crispim Cibele Aparecida , Maia Yara Cristina de Paiva
Published: January 2020

Studies have suggested that meal timing plays a role in nutritional health, but this subject has not been sufficiently studied in pregnant women. We analysed the effect that timing of food intake has on eating patterns, diet quality and weight gain in a prospective cohort study with 100 pregnant women. Data were collected once per trimester: 4th–12th, 20th–26th and 30th–37th weeks. Food intake was evaluated using three 24-h dietary recalls, which were used to assess eating patterns and diet quality. Distribution of energy and macronutrient intake throughout the day was considered eating patterns. Diet quality was assessed using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. Weight gain was evaluated during each trimester. Women were classified as early or late timing of the first and last eating episodes if these values were below or above the median of the population, respectively (first eating episode = 08.38 hours; last eating episode = 20.20 hours). Generalised estimating equation models adjusted for confounders were used to determine the effects of timing of the first and last eating episodes (groups) and gestational trimesters (time) (independent variable) on eating patterns, diet quality and weight gain (dependent variables). Early eaters of the first eating episode have a higher percentage of energy and carbohydrate intake in morning and a lower at evening meals. They also have a better diet quality for fruit components when compared with late eaters of the first eating episode. Our results emphasise the importance of considering meal timing in the nutritional antenatal guidelines to promote maternal–fetal health.
Spatial dynamics of a nonlocal model with periodic delay and competition
Authors: ZHANG L. , LIU K. H. , LOU Y. J. , WANG Z. C.
Published: January 2020

Each species is subject to various biotic and abiotic factors during growth. This paper formulates a deterministic model with the consideration of various factors regulating population growth such as age-dependent birth and death rates, spatial movements, seasonal variations, intra-specific competition and time-varying maturation simultaneously. The model takes the form of two coupled reaction–diffusion equations with time-dependent delays, which bring novel challenges to the theoretical analysis. Then, the model is analysed when competition among immatures is neglected, in which situation one equation for the adult population density is decoupled. The basic reproduction number$\mathcal{R}_0$is defined and shown to determine the global attractivity of either the zero equilibrium (when$\mathcal{R}_0\leq 1$) or a positive periodic solution ($\mathcal{R}_0\gt1$) by using the dynamical system approach on an appropriate phase space. When the immature intra-specific competition is included and the immature diffusion rate is neglected, the model is neither cooperative nor reducible to a single equation. In this case, the threshold dynamics about the population extinction and uniform persistence are established by using the newly defined basic reproduction number$\widetilde{\mathcal{R}}_0$as a threshold index. Furthermore, numerical simulations are implemented on the population growth of two different species for two different cases to validate the analytic results.
Gender, Religion, and Pro-Life Activism
Authors: Swank Eric
Published: January 2020

Political mobilizations for and against legal abortions are cyclical entities. Studies on people who joined pro-life movements in the peak of abortion protests (1980s) are relatively common but recent critical studies of right-to-life activists are almost non-existent. To address this lack of recent research, this work combines “political resource” theories and feminist scholarship to explain why certain people are involved in anti-abortion social movements. After analyzing data from the 2010–12 version of the American National Election Surveys (n= 3,860), this study concludes that pro-life activism was primarily driven by absolutist stances on abortion, the minimization of perceived sexism in society, being exposed to religious conversations about politics, and membership in explicitly political groups. The study also found that people's gender, social class, and educational levels failed to predict their pro-life political behaviors.
Endovascular therapy of subclavian artery occlusive disease involving	the vertebral artery origin
Authors: Schneider Vera , Dirschinger Ralf , Wustrow Isabel , Müller Arne , Cassese Salvatore , Fusaro Massimiliano , Kastrati Adnan , Koppara Tobias , Bergmann Katharina , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Ibrahim Tareq , Bradaric Christian
Published: January 2020

Summary. Background: While the majority of subclavian artery (SA) lesions are localized in the proximal segment, the evidence in patients with medial SA disease involving the vertebral artery (VA) origin are scarce. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent percutaneous revascularization of the SA at our institution. Results: A total of 196 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The majority of SA lesions (n = 163, 83 %) were located in the proximal segment, whereas 28 lesions (14 %) were located in the medial segment, and only 5 lesions (3 %) involved the distal segment. Procedural success was high for both stenosis (96 %) and occlusion (89 %) and did not differ depending on lesion location. Revascularization techniques in the medial segment included stenting of the SA only (13 patients), additional VA balloon-dilatation (6 patients), and bifurcation stenting of the SA and VA using T-stenting technique (9 patients). Outcome after a median of 12 months showed no significant differences in freedom from restenosis between proximal and medial lesions (90 % vs. 95 %; p = 0.67). Conclusions: Endovascular revascularization of SA disease with medial segments involving the VA origin required more complex techniques and showed long-term patency rates comparable to those in lesions located within the proximal SA.
Dyadic Coping in Foster and Biological Parents and Its Relation to	Child Psychopathology
Authors: Job Ann-Katrin , Kerkhoff Denise , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Konrad Kerstin , Heinrichs Nina , Lohaus Arnold
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This study investigated whether foster parents’ reports of their dyadic coping competencies differ from biological parents, whether there are differences with regard to the temporal associations between maternal and paternal dyadic coping in the two samples, and whether parental dyadic coping competencies predict future mental health problems in children. A total of 94 foster children and 157 children living in their biological families, both samples aged 2–7 years, as well as their (foster) parents were assessed three times over a 12-month period. The mothers’ and fathers’ dyadic coping competencies were assessed using the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). Child psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a standardized clinical interview (Kinder-DIPS), both mainly based on maternal report. Foster parents reported better dyadic coping competencies across the three assessments than did biological parents. There were no significant differences with regard to the temporal associations between mothers’ and fathers’ report over time between the two samples. Cross-lagged panel models yielded a high within person stability across the three assessments for both, mothers and fathers (actor effects), as well as some significant interpersonal effects primarily from paternal to maternal dyadic coping (partner effects). In contrast to the expectation, mothers’ and fathers’ dyadic coping did not predict child mental health problems at the third assessment. The results make an important contribution to the research on dyadic coping and on how child mental health problems affect parental dyadic coping competencies and vice versa.
Illness Perception and Its Changes During Six Months After	Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Lukoševičiūtė Justė , Šmigelskas Kastytis
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Illness perception is a concept that reflects patients' emotional and cognitive representations of disease. This study assessed the illness perception change during 6 months in 195 patients (33% women and 67% men) with acute coronary syndrome, taking into account the biological, psychological, and social factors. At baseline, more threatening illness perception was observed in women, persons aged 65 years or more, with poorer functional capacity (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV) and comorbidities ( p < .05). Type D personality was the only independent factor related to more threatening illness perception (βs = 0.207, p = .006). At follow-up it was found that only self-reported cardiovascular impairment plays the role in illness perception change (βs = 0.544, p < .001): patients without impairment reported decreasing threats of illness, while the ones with it had a similar perception of threat like at baseline. Other biological, psychological, and social factors were partly associated with illness perception after an acute cardiac event but not with perception change after 6 months.
Intermittent Aeolian Saltation Over a Gobi Surface: Threshold, Saltation Layer Height, and High‐Frequency Variability
Authors: Tan Lihai , An Zhishan , Zhang Kai , Qu Jianjun , Han Qingjie , Wang Junzhan
Published: January 2020

Gobi is a type of desert pavement in Asia over which aeolian saltation generates atmospheric dust. However, the high‐frequency behavior of aeolian saltation over gobi is still poorly understood. In this study, coupled high‐frequency observations of three‐dimensional (3‐D) wind speed (U) and saltation particle count rate in a vertical array of Sensit sensors were performed in a gobi region of Milan County, southern Xinjiang, China. The results revealed that aeolian saltation over a gobi surface exhibited an intermittent phenomenon, and the level of the intermittency was governed by the relative wind strength (s), which is consistent with that of sand surfaces. The threshold wind speed (Ut) decreased exponentially with increasing transport activity parameter (AP), and a prominent decrease in Ut was examined when the AP values reached 0.7; comparatively, for sand surfaces, a linearly declining trend occurred over the whole AP range of 0–1. The saltating particles over the gobi surface were distributed in layers of 0.08–0.30 m with an average value of 0.20 ± 0.04 m, which was significantly larger than that of sand surfaces. The relationship between the instantaneous sand transport rate (Q) and U over the gobi surface was also relatively poor and could be improved by lagging Q by 2 s. The mechanism for the collision between saltating particles and the gobi bed, which is rigid and complex in texture, was significantly different from that of the soft and deforming sand bed, causing the difference in aeolian saltation between gobi and sand surfaces.
Pond Excavation Reduces Coastal Wetland Carbon Dioxide Assimilation
Authors: Powell Elisabeth B. , Krause Johannes R. , Martin Rose M. , Watson Elizabeth Burke
Published: January 2020

Coastal wetlands comprise important global carbon sinks; however, anthropogenic disturbance accompanied with accelerating sea level rise threaten their continued survival. In this study, we quantified habitat disturbance to salt marshes in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, resulting from the construction of ponds for mosquito control. Geographic object‐based image analysis of high‐resolution four‐band aerial imagery revealed that over 7,000 ponds were constructed in the marsh complex with pond densities as high as 290 ponds per km2. Physical disturbance from pond creation and sediment dispersal extended to over 17% of the bay's tidal wetlands. By tracking recolonization of vegetation, we estimated that it took 5 years for 51% vegetation recovery and 10 years for 69% recovery, with complete recover (100%) not expected for more than 50 years. This suggests that efforts to extend the lifespan of drowning coastal wetlands through sediment additions might disrupt carbon dioxide assimilation, as effects of disturbance persist. Focusing on greenhouse gas exchange, our work found that areas of marsh vegetation contribute to carbon assimilation (−42 g C · m−2 · year−1), while ponds and areas of bare peat created by pond excavation were associated with carbon emissions (44 and 125 g C · m−2 · year−1, respectively). These results suggest that the conversion of wetlands to ponds—which is a significant driver of coastal wetland loss worldwide—may convert coastal wetlands from greenhouse gas sinks to sources. Additionally, quantifying the area of vegetation within a marsh (vs. bare ground or open water) is important for quantifying their greenhouse gas mitigation function.
Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory
Authors: Hogarth Lee
Published: January 2020

Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative affective states, a habit driven by strong stimulus−response associations, or a compulsion driven by insensitivity to costs imposed on drug seeking. Laboratory animal and human evidence for these three theories is evaluated. Excessive goal theory is supported by dependence severity being associated with greater drug choice/economic demand. Drug choice is demonstrably goal-directed (driven by the expected value of the drug) and can be augmented by stress/negative mood induction and withdrawal—effects amplified in those with psychiatric symptoms and drug use coping motives. Furthermore, psychiatric symptoms confer risk of dependence, and coping motives mediate this risk. Habit theory of addiction has weaker support. Habitual behaviour seen in drug-exposed animals often does not occur in complex decision scenarios, or where responding is rewarded, so habit is unlikely to explain most human addictive behaviour where these conditions apply. Furthermore, most human studies have not found greater propensity to habitual behaviour in drug users or as a function of dependence severity, and the minority that have can be explained by task disengagement producing impaired explicit contingency knowledge. Compulsion theory of addiction also has weak support. The persistence of punished drug seeking in animals is better explained by greater drug value (evinced by the association with economic demand) than by insensitivity to costs. Furthermore, human studies have provided weak evidence that propensity to discount cost imposed on drug seeking is associated with dependence severity. These data suggest that human addiction is primarily driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect, and less by habit or compulsion. Addiction is pathological because negative states powerfully increase expected drug value acutely outweighing abstinence goals.
UBE2O promotes the proliferation, EMT and stemness properties of breast cancer cells through the UBE2O/AMPKα2/mTORC1-MYC positive feedback loop
Authors: Liu Xu , Ma Fei , Liu Chunxiao , Zhu Kaiyuan , Li Wenjie , Xu Yuting , Li Ge , Niu Zhenbo , Liu Jiaxin , Chen Du , Li Zhigao , Fu Yingqiang , Qian Cheng
Published: January 2020

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O (UBE2O) is a large E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that possesses both E2 and E3 ligase activities. Ectopic UBE2O overexpression is associated with a variety of human diseases, especially cancers. However, the expression profile and functional biology of UBE2O in human breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. In this study, we found that UBE2O was significantly overexpressed in human BC tissues and cells. Patients with high UBE2O expression tended to have a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. In vitro assays revealed that UBE2O promoted BC cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and endowed BC cells with cancer stemness properties (CSPs). UBE2O knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells suppressed tumour growth and lung metastasis in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, UBE2O functioned as a ubiquitin enzyme of AMPKα2, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation and thus activating the mTORC1 signal pathway and contributing to BC oncogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, as a downstream factor of the UBE2O/AMPKα2/mTORC1 axis, the oncoprotein MYC transcriptionally promoted UBE2O and formed a positive feedback loop in human BC. Collectively, our study demonstrated that UBE2O/AMPKα2/mTORC1-MYC forms a positive feedback loop in human BC cells that regulates BC cell proliferation and EMT and endows BC cells with CSPs.
Defect in Brnym1, a magnesium-dechelatase protein, causes a stay-green phenotype in an EMS-mutagenized Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) line
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Yun , Huang Shengnan , Liu Zhiyong , Li Chengyu , Feng Hui
Published: January 2020

Leaf color is an important target trait in Chinese cabbage breeding programs. Leaf yellowing may reduce crop commercial and nutritional values. Some plants with the “stay-green” trait maintain leaf greenness during senescence and even after death. Stay-green Chinese cabbage may be a focal point of future breeding projects because it could improve crop quality and yield and prolong shelf life. A new stay-green mutant,non-yellowing mutant 1(nym1), was identified in Chinese cabbage derived from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population. The mutant had stay-green characteristics and a higher chlorophyll content than the wild-type during leaf senescence. The stay-green trait in the mutant Chinese cabbage was controlled by the recessive geneBrnym1. MutMap and KASP analyses showed thatBrnym1(BraA03g050600.3C) encodes an mg-dechelatase (SGR protein), which might be the causal gene of the mutation in Chinese cabbage. A nonsynonymous single nucleotide base substitution (G to A) in the third exon ofBrnym1caused an amino acid substitution from L to F in the highly conserved domain of the magnesium-dechelatase. Ectopic overexpression showed that theBrNYM1gene of wild-type Chinese cabbage complemented the SGR-defective stay-green mutantnye1-1ofArabidopsis. The magnesium-dechelatase activity in thenym1mutant was significantly downregulated compared to that in the wild type.Brnym1was relatively upregulated in the mutant during late senescence, and BrNYM1 was localized to the chloroplasts. These results indicate thatBrnym1(BraA03g050600.3C) is the causal gene of the stay-green mutation and could be of particular significance in the genetic improvement of Chinese cabbage.
LncRNA RP11-19E11 is an E2F1 target required for proliferation and survival of basal breast cancer
Authors: Giro-Perafita A. , Luo L. , Khodadadi-Jamayran A. , Thompson M. , Akgol Oksuz B. , Tsirigos A. , Dynlacht B. D. , Sánchez I. , Esteva F. J.
Published: January 2020

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in the regulation of breast cancer initiation and progression. LncRNAs are differentially expressed in breast cancer subtypes. Basal-like breast cancers are generally poorly differentiated tumors, are enriched in embryonic stem cell signatures, lack expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 (triple-negative breast cancer), and show activation of proliferation-associated factors. We hypothesized that lncRNAs are key regulators of basal breast cancers. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified lncRNAs that are overexpressed in basal tumors compared to other breast cancer subtypes and expressed in at least 10% of patients. Remarkably, we identified lncRNAs whose expression correlated with patient prognosis. We then evaluated the function of a subset of lncRNA candidates in the oncogenic process in vitro. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the chromatin-associated lncRNA, RP11-19E11.1, which is upregulated in 40% of basal primary breast cancers. Gene set enrichment analysis in primary tumors and in cell lines uncovered a correlation between RP11-19E11.1 expression level and the E2F oncogenic pathway. We show that this lncRNA is chromatin-associated and an E2F1 target, and its expression is necessary for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Finally, we used lncRNA expression levels as a tool for drug discovery in vitro, identifying protein kinase C (PKC) as a potential therapeutic target for a subset of basal-like breast cancers. Our findings suggest that lncRNA overexpression is clinically relevant. Understanding deregulated lncRNA expression in basal-like breast cancer may lead to potential prognostic and therapeutic applications.
Potential of animal models for advancing the understanding and treatment of pain in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Buhidma Yazead , Rukavina Katarina , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Duty Susan
Published: January 2020

Pain is a commonly occurring non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Treatment of pain in PD remains less than optimal and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms would facilitate discovery of improved analgesics. Animal models of PD have already proven helpful for furthering the understanding and treatment of motor symptoms of PD, but could these models offer insight into pain in PD? This review addresses the current position regarding pain in preclinical models of PD, covering the face and predictive validity of existing models and their use so far in advancing understanding of the mechanisms contributing to pain in PD. While pain itself is not usually measured in animals, nociception in the form of thermal, mechanical or chemical nociceptive thresholds offers a useful readout, given reduced nociceptive thresholds are commonly seen in PD patients. Animal models of PD including the reserpine-treated rat and neurodegenerative models such as the MPTP-treated mouse and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated rat each exhibit reduced nociceptive thresholds, supporting face validity of these models. Furthermore, some interventions known clinically to relieve pain in PD, such as dopaminergic therapies and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, restore nociceptive thresholds in one or more models, supporting their predictive validity. Mechanistic insight gained already includes involvement of central and spinal dopamine and opioid systems. Moving forward, these preclinical models should advance understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pain in PD and provide test beds for examining the efficacy of novel analgesics to better treat this debilitating non-motor symptom.
Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales
Authors: Schweiker Marcel , Abdul-Zahra Amar , André Maíra , Al-Atrash Farah , Al-Khatri Hanan , Alprianti Rea Risky , Alsaad Hayder , Amin Rucha , Ampatzi Eleni , Arsano Alpha Yacob , Azadeh Montazami , Azar Elie , Bahareh Bannazadeh , Batagarawa Amina , Becker Susanne , Buonocore Carolina , Cao Bin , Choi Joon-Ho , Chun Chungyoon , Daanen Hein , Damiati Siti Aisyah , Daniel Lyrian , Vecchi Renata De , Dhaka Shivraj , Domínguez-Amarillo Samuel , Dudkiewicz Edyta , Edappilly Lakshmi Prabha , Fernández-Agüera Jesica , Folkerts Mireille , Frijns Arjan , Gaona Gabriel , Garg Vishal , Gauthier Stephanie , Jabbari Shahla Ghaffari , Harimi Djamila , Hellwig Runa T. , Huebner Gesche M. , Jin Quan , Jowkar Mina , Kania Renate , Kim Jungsoo , King Nelson , Kingma Boris , Koerniawan M. Donny , Kolarik Jakub , Kumar Shailendra , Kwok Alison , Lamberts Roberto , Laska Marta , Lee M. C. Jeffrey , Lee Yoonhee , Lindermayr Vanessa , Mahaki Mohammadbagher , Marcel-Okafor Udochukwu , Marín-Restrepo Laura , Marquardsen Anna , Martellotta Francesco , Mathur Jyotirmay , McGill Gráinne , Mino-Rodriguez Isabel , Mou Di , Moujalled Bassam , Nakajima Mia , Ng Edward , Okafor Marcellinus , Olweny Mark , Ouyang Wanlu , Papst de Abreu Ana Ligia , Pérez-Fargallo Alexis , Rajapaksha Indrika , Ramos Greici , Rashid Saif , Reinhart Christoph F. , Rivera Ma. Isabel , Salmanzadeh Mazyar , Schakib-Ekbatan Karin , Schiavon Stefano , Shooshtarian Salman , Shukuya Masanori , Soebarto Veronica , Suhendri  , Tahsildoost Mohammad , Tartarini Federico , Teli Despoina , Tewari Priyam , Thapa Samar , Trebilcock Maureen , Trojan Jörg , Tukur Ruqayyatu B. , Voelker Conrad , Yam Yeung , Yang Liu , Zapata-Lancaster Gabriela , Zhai Yongchao , Zhu Yingxin , Zomorodian Zahra Sadat
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Rapid analysis of tetracycline in honey by microwave plasma torch mass spectrometry with ablation samples
Authors: Jiang Tao , Peng Zhen , Xie Mengping , Fang Xiaowei , Hong Yi , Huang Zhengxu , Gao Wei , Zhou Zhen , Li Lei , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2020

A rapid and sensitive mass spectrometric analysis method with minimal or no prior sample pretreatment was developed for the direct detection of trace amounts of tetracycline in honey products using a microwave plasma torch combined with mass spectrometry.
On-surface synthesis of graphyne nanowires through stepwise reactions
Authors: Yu Xin , Cai Liangliang , Bao Meiling , Sun Qiang , Ma Honghong , Yuan Chunxue , Xu Wei
Published: January 2020

We have achieved on-surface synthesis of graphyne nanowires through stepwise reactions involving two different types of dehalogenative homocoupling reactions (i.e., C(sp3)–Br and C(sp2)–Br).
A rechargeable aqueous aluminum–sulfur battery through acid activation in water-in-salt electrolyte
Authors: Hu Zhiqiu , Guo Yue , Jin Hongchang , Ji Hengxing , Wan Li-Jun
Published: January 2020

A water-in-salt electrolyte is employed to give rechargeable aqueous Al–S batteries.
Supra-blot: an accurate and reliable assay for detecting target proteins with a synthetic host molecule–enzyme hybrid
Authors: Sung Gihyun , Lee Song-Yi , Kang Myeong-Gyun , Kim Kyung Lock , An Jaeyeon , Sim Jaehwan , Kim Sungwan , Kim Seungjoon , Ko Jaewon , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Park Kyeng Min , Kim Kimoon
Published: January 2020

A new way to detect target proteins is developed using a high-affinity host–guest interaction for a wide variety of biological samples including bacteria and mammalian cells.
A well-isolated vibrational state of CO2verified by near-infrared saturated spectroscopy with kHz accuracy
Authors: Wu Hao , Hu Chang-Le , Wang Jin , Sun Yu R. , Tan Yan , Liu An-Wen , Hu Shui-Ming
Published: January 2020

Quantitative determination of atmospheric CO2concentration by remote sensing relies on accurate line parameters.
Spin-flip methods in quantum chemistry
Authors: Casanova David , Krylov Anna I.
Published: January 2020

This perspective discusses, theory, applications, and recent developments of spin-flip methods in quantum chemistry.
SnO2 nanoparticles anchored on carbon foam as a freestanding anode for high performance potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Qiu Hailong , Zhao Lina , Asif Muhammad , Huang Xiaoxiao , Tang Tianyu , Li Wei , Zhang Teng , Shen Tong , Hou Yanglong
Published: January 2020

SnO2@CF was obtained by anchoring SnO2 nanoparticles on carbon foam, which exhibited superior electrochemical performance for K+ storage.
Integrated experimental and theoretical approach to probe the synergistic effect of ammonia in methanesulfonic acid reactions with small alkylamines
Authors: Perraud Véronique , Xu Jing , Gerber R. Benny , Finlayson-Pitts B. J.
Published: January 2020

Particle formation from methanesulfonic acid–amine multicomponent systems is investigated using a combined experimental and theoretical approach.
The effects of ultraviolet disinfection on vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Sui Minghao , Li Hongwei , Yuan Bojie
Published: January 2020

Ultraviolet disinfection could effectively inactivate the antibiotic resistant bacterium vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis, but had a limited removal efficiency for the antibiotic resistance gene–vanB gene.
Correction: Efficient separation of immiscible oil/water mixtures using a perforated lotus leaf
Authors: Zhang Chunhui , Zhang Yuheng , Xiao Xiao , Liu Guoliang , Xu Zhe , Wang Bing , Yu Cunming , Ras Robin H. A. , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Efficient separation of immiscible oil/water mixtures using a perforated lotus leaf’ by Chunhui Zhang et al., Green Chem., 2019, 21, 6579–6584.
Synthesis and characterization of an immobilized thiosalicylic–mercaptoethanol biligand system and its application in the detoxification of chromium(iii) and iron(iii) ions from tannery wastewater
Authors: Habila Bulus , Ukoha Pius Onyeoziri , Okoduwa Stanley I. R. , Salim Ahmed , Babangida Muazu B. , Simon Adamu
Published: January 2020

Effective wastewater treatments are of great importance to contemporary scientists, because the existing methods are ineffective for detoxifying tannery wastewater.
An as-cast high-entropy alloy with remarkable mechanical properties strengthened by nanometer precipitates
Authors: Qin Gang , Chen Ruirun , Liaw Peter K. , Gao Yanfei , Wang Liang , Su Yanqing , Ding Hongsheng , Guo Jingjie , Li Xiaoqing
Published: January 2020

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with good ductility and high strength are usually prepared by a combination of forging and heat-treatment processes.
Continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis of phase pure rutile TiO2 nanoparticles with a rod-like morphology
Authors: Beyer Jonas , Mamakhel Aref , Søndergaard-Pedersen Frederik , Yu Jinlong , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: January 2020

Rutile TiO2 nanocrystals are synthesized for the first time in a continuous flow hydrothermal process.
Tunable low-dimensional self-assembly of H-shaped bichromophoric perylenediimide Gemini in solution
Authors: Huang Yinjuan , Yu Fei , Cao Xun , Nie Lina , Zhang Pengfei , Xu Fugui , Gong Qiuyu , Zhan Xuejun , Zhao Kexiang , Huang Yizhong , Mai Yiyong , Zhang Qichun
Published: January 2020

An H-shaped bichromophoric PDI Gemini was prepared, which can self-assemble into 1D helices, 2D rectangular nanocrystals and pyramid-shaped parallelograms. The 2D nanostructures represent the first finding in the self-assembly of PDI-based molecules.
Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) based mixed ligand coordination polymers as fluorosensors for aqueous phase detection of hazardous pollutants
Authors: Parmar Bhavesh , Bisht Kamal Kumar , Rachuri Yadagiri , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: January 2020

The recent developments and prospects of fluorosensors with a handful of recent examples based on mixed ligand Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) coordination polymers for aqueous phase detection of organic as well as inorganic pollutants have been discussed.
Cysteamine-coated gold nanoparticles for bimodal colorimetric detection with inverse sensitivity: a proof-of-concept with lysozyme
Authors: Wai Jing Luen , New Siu Yee
Published: January 2020

An aptasensor derived from cysteamine-gold nanoparticles for bimodal colorimetric detection and with inverse sensitivity pattern.
Study on the grain size control of metatitanic acid in a mixture acid system based on Arrhenius and Boltzmann fitting
Authors: Tian Ming , Liu Yahui , Zhao Wei , Wang Weijing , Wang Lina , Chen Desheng , Zhao Hongxin , Meng Fancheng , Zhen Yulan , Qi Tao
Published: January 2020

Herein, to control the particle size of metatitanic acid produced via titanium thermal hydrolysis in sulfuric–chloric acid (SCMA) solutions, the relationship between its grain size and hydrolysis parameters are discussed, and the corresponding methematical model is discussed using the experimental data.
Aldehydes and ketones influence reactivity and selectivity in nickel-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura reactions
Authors: Cooper Alasdair K. , Leonard David K. , Bajo Sonia , Burton Paul M. , Nelson David J.
Published: January 2020

Aldehydes and ketones can have beneficial or detrimental effects on nickel-catalysed reactions. When present on the aryl halide, excellent site-selectivity can be achieved; when present as additives, they inhibit the reaction.
Validation of Milner's visco-elastic theory of sintering for the generation of porous polymers with finely tuned morphology
Authors: Lutzweiler Gaëtan , Farago Jean , Oliveira Emeline , Jacomine Léandro , Erverdi Ozan , Vrana Nihal Engin , Testouri Aouatef , Schaaf Pierre , Drenckhan Wiebke
Published: January 2020

The sintering of paraffin spheres is shown to be well described by Milner's visco-elastic model, providing a predictive tool for the generation of microporous polymers with controlled morphologyviasphere templating.
Design framework for mechanically tunable soft biomaterial composites enhanced by modified horseshoe lattice structures
Authors: Wang Dong , Xiong Yi , Zhang Biao , Zhang Yuan-Fang , Rosen David , Ge Qi
Published: January 2020

Soft biomaterials have a wide range of applications in many areas.
Coupled water, charge and salt transport in heterogeneous nano-fluidic systems
Authors: Werkhoven Ben L. , van Roij René
Published: January 2020

We calculate the conductivity matrix for heterogeneous electrokinetics, specifically diffusio-osmosis, and determine optimal parameters for eletric-power harvesting by reverse electrodialysis.
Detection of stress in polymers: mechanochemical activation of CuAAC click reactions in poly(urethane) networks
Authors: Biewend Michel , Michael Philipp , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: January 2020

We report on copper(i)-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)s (NHC) for quantitative stress-sensing. This mechanophore is embedded within a polyurethane network, triggering a fluorogenic copper(i) azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of 8-azido-2-naphtol and 3-hydroxy phenylacetylene.
Single-step solid-state synthesis and characterization of Li4Ti5−xFexO12−y (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Guijun , Park Soo-Jin
Published: January 2020

Li4Ti5−xFexO12−y (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) anode material was synthesized via a single-step solid-state reaction under a N2 atmosphere. The overdischarge behaviours and discharge mechanism of anode material at a lower voltage (0 V) was investigated.
Crossover between anti- and pro-oxidant activities of different manganese oxide nanoparticles and their biological implications
Authors: Jiang Xiumei , Gray Patrick , Patel Mehulkumar , Zheng Jiwen , Yin Jun-Jie
Published: January 2020

Anti- and pro-oxidant activities of different manganese oxide nanoparticles and their implications in cell viability and redox balances.
Solution-processed AgBiS2 photodetectors from molecular precursors
Authors: Jiang Li , Li Yuwei , Peng Jiali , Cui Lihao , Li Ruiming , Xu Yalun , Li Wei , Li Yanyan , Tian Xiaoyu , Lin Qianqian
Published: January 2020

AgBiS2-based photodetectors were fabricated via solution-process, and exhibited broadband spectral response, a fast speed of 700 ns and outstanding air, light and water stability.
Anticorps anti-CD38 dans le myélome multiple
Authors: Moreaux Jérôme
Published: January 2020

La forte expression de la molécule CD38 par les cellules plasmocytaires ainsi que son rôle biologique dans la régulation de l’adhérence et la migration cellulaire, avec des fonctions de signalisation, a conduit au développement d’anticorps spécifiques pour le traitement de patients atteints de myélome multiple (MM). Ces anticorps induisent en effet la mort des cellules de myélome multiple par des mécanismes de lyse cellulaire dépendante du complément (CDC), de cytotoxicité cellulaire dépendante des anticorps (ADCC), de phagocytose cellulaire dépendant des anticorps (ADCP), mais aussi par des mécanismes directs d’induction de mort cellulaire. Ils ont de plus des effets immunomodulateurs liés à l’élimination de cellules immunitaires immunosuppressives qui expriment également CD38. Bien qu’ayant des actions variables par rapport à ce registre d’activité si on les compare entre eux, les anticorps anti-CD38 ont démontré une activité clinique significative, seuls ou en combinaison avec diverses molécules, chez les patients atteints de MM. Ils contribueront sans aucun doute à des progrès majeurs pour la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients atteints de MM.
Immunotoxines et immunocytokines
Authors: Contet Alicia , Caussanel Véronique , Beck Alain , Lowe Peter
Published: January 2020

Les cytokines et les toxines biologiques représentent deux classes de biomolécules qui ont longtemps été explorées pour leur potentiel thérapeutique. Des effets secondaires considérables et des mauvaises propriétés pharmacocinétiques sont fréquemment observés chez chacune d’elles, ce qui limite leur application. L’ingénierie des protéines recombinantes a permis la création d’immunocytokines et d’immunotoxines qui visent à utiliser les propriétés avantageuses des immunoglobulines, pour résoudre ces problèmes. Des anticorps entiers, des fragments d’anticorps, des domaines constants et des dérivés ont été génétiquement fusionnés à une gamme de cytokines et de toxines. Cette revue présente les stratégies déployées et les problèmes à résoudre au cours de l’évaluation clinique pour cette classe de biothérapeutiques.
Mécanismes d’action et toxicités potentielles des anticorps monoclonaux
Authors: Bejan-Angoulvant Theodora , Alexandre Joachim
Published: January 2020

Monoclonal antibodies are therapeutic monoclonal Ig that act by highly specific binding to their target antigen and by interacting with the immune system. Their side effects are mainly related to their mechanism of action. The most frequent adverse effects are infusion reactions. Post-marketing surveillance is essential for identifying adverse reactions and improving knowledge of their mechanism of action.