bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a smartphone enabled, paper-based quantitative diagnostic assay using the HueDx color correction system
Authors: Menon Nidhi , Beery David , Sharma Prava , Crutchfield Adrian , Kim Leah , Lauer Aaron , Azimuddin Ayesha , Wronko-Stevens Brianna
Published: October 2024

Color correction is an important methodology where a digital image’s colors undergo a transformation to more accurately represent their appearance using a predefined set of illumination conditions. Colorimetric measurements in diagnostics are sensitive to very small changes in colors and therefore require consistent, reproducible illumination conditions to produce accurate results, making color correction a necessity. This paper presents an image color correction pipeline developed by HueDx, Inc., using transfer algorithms that improve upon existing methodologies and demonstrates real-world applications of this pipeline in colorimetric clinical chemistry using a smartphone enabled, paper-based total protein diagnostic assay. Our pipeline is able to compensate for a variety of illumination conditions to provide consistent imaging for quantitative colorimetric measurements using white-balancing, multivariate gaussian distributions and histogram regression via dynamic, non-linear interpolating lookup tables. We empirically demonstrate that each point in the color correction pipeline provides a theoretical basis for achieving consistent and precise color correction. To show this, we measure color difference with deltaE (ΔE00), alongside quantifying performance of the HueDx color correction system, including the phone hardware, color sticker manufacturing quality and software correction capabilities. The results show that the HueDx color correction system is capable of restoring images to near-imperceptible levels of difference independent of their original illumination conditions including brightness and color temperature. Comparisons drawn from the paper-based total protein assay calibrated and quantified with and without using the HueDx color correction pipeline show that the coefficient of variation in precision testing is almost twice as high without color-correcting. Limits of blank, detection and quantitation were also higher without color-correction. Overall, we were able to demonstrate the HueDx platform improves reading and outcome of the total protein diagnostic assay and is useful for the development of smartphone-based quantitative colorimetric diagnostic assays for point-of-care testing.
Chromosomal gene order defines several structural classes of Staphylococcus epidermidis genomes
Authors: Nagy Naya , Hodor Paul
Published: October 2024

The original methodology for describing the pangenome of a prokaryotic species is based on modeling genomes as unordered sets of genes. More recent findings have underlined the importance of considering the ordering of genes along the genetic material as well, when making comparisons among genomes. To further investigate the benefits of gene order when describing genomes of a given species, we applied two distance metrics on a dataset of 84 genomes of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The first metric, GeLev, depends on the order of genes and is a derivative of the Levenshtein distance. The second, the Jaccard distance, depends on gene sets only. The application of these distances reveals information about the global structure of the genomes, and allows clustering of the genomes into classes. The main biological result is that, while genomes within the same class are structurally similar, genomes of different classes have an additional characteristic. Between genomes in different classes we can discover instances where a large segment of the first genome appears in reverse order in the second. This feature suggests that genome rearrangements in S. epidermidis happen on a large scale, while micro-rearrangements of single or a small number of genes are rare. Thus, this paper describes a straight-forward method to classify genomes into structural classes with the same order of genes and makes it possible to visualize reversed segments in pairs of genomes. The method can be readily applied to other species.
Integrated multi-omics approach revealed TTNtv c.13254T>G causing dilated cardiomyopathy in mice
Authors: Yu Dan , Tao Liang , Song Laichun , Lai Kaisheng , Jiang Hui , Liu Zhe , Xiao Hongyan
Published: October 2024

Titin-truncating variant (TTNtv) is the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the previous study, we found a novel heterozygous TTNtv c.13254T>G (p.Tyr4418Ter) associated with DCM, but lacking functional evidence. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the pathogenicity of TTNtv c.13254T>G. We constructed a mouse model with TTNtv Y4370* on exon 45 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering to imitate the TTNtv. c.13254T>G. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), immunohistochemistry, western blot (WB), Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), and tandem Mass Tag (TMT) proteome analysis were performed on the mutant (KO) and WT mice cardiac tissue. Multi-omics association analysis was performed to observe the damages of cardiac tissue, and changes of inflammatory factors and Titin protein. TEM results showed that TTNtv Y4370* may lead to broken myofibrils, sparse myofilament structure, and broken Z-line and H-zone in many places of cardiac tissue of KO mice. Immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in cTnT and TNF-α expression level in KO mice cardiac tissue. RNA-seq and TMT proteome enrichment analysis further strengthened that TTNtv Y4370* led to cardiac injury and inflammatory response in KO mice. In summary, TTNtv c.13254T>G contributed to the cardiac injury, inflammatory response and construct alterations in mice, that is TTNtv c.13254T>G may cause DCM in mice. These functional evidence of TTNtv c.13254T>G have important significance for follow-up genetic research of DCM in human.
Arreta partekatzen Pepper robot sozialarekin
Authors: Samaniego Miren , Rodriguez Igor , Lazkano Elena
Published: October 2024

Robot sozialek arreta soziala erakutsi behar dute eta, horretarako, ezinbestekoa da gizaki(ar)ekin elkarrekintzan ari denean intereseko objektua detektatzeko gaitasuna. Lan honetan, pertsonak begiradaren bidez fokatzen duen objektua identifikatu eta lokalizatzeko sistema garatu da eta baita Pepper robotean integratu ere. YOLOv8 erabili da irudi bidez pertsona detektatu eta bere aurpegia lokalizatzeko. Begiradaren fokua lortzeko VGG16 neurona sare konboluzionala entrenatu da, erregresio moduan, emaitza onargarriak erakutsiz. Eredu honen erantzunak bero mapa batean bihurtu eta sakoneraren informazioarekin konbinatuz, ResNet101 sareak emango digu azken erantzuna: begiradaren gunea non den eta zer den. Portaera hau robotera eraman da eta arreta konpartitua erakusteko robotak objektu berari begiratzeko mugimendua gauzatzen du erabiltzaileari  ahoz  odu egokian erantzuteko. Era honetan, erabiltzaileari arreta partekatuaren sensazioa transmititzen zaio. Bideo batean erakusten da portaera orokorraren emaitza.
Hondakin-uren Araztegietan Sortutako Lokatzei Balioa Emateko Estrategia Berriak
Authors: Sierra Irene , Epelde Eva , Iriarte Unai
Published: October 2024

Azken hamarkadetan, hondakin-uren tratamenduan sortutako lokatzen kantitatea nabarmen hazi da, industrializazioaren eta urbanizazioaren ondorioz. Araztegi-lokatzak izaera toxikoa eta patogenikoa duten substantziez osatuta daude. Hau horrela, berebiziko garrantzia dute lokatzak kudeatzeko estrategiak hobetzeak eta metodo berriak bilatzeak. Lokatza kudeatzeko estrategien artean, errausketa eta konpostajea nabarmendu dira historian zehar, baina gaur egun lokatzak prozesu termokimiko baten bidez tratatzea proposatzen da aukera ekonomiko eta jasangarri gisa. Lortzen den material solidoa (biotxar izenekoa) erabilera anitzeko materiala da. Lan honetan azaltzen da nola sortzen diren araztegi-lokatzak hondakin-uren tratamenduan, horien ezaugarriekin eta konposizioarekin batera. Jarraian, biotxarraren prestakuntza (aktibazio fisikoa, kimikoa, karbonizazio hidrotermikoa eta bestelako tratamenduak) eta karakterizazioa (konposizioa eta morfologia, nagusiki) azaltzen dira. Azkenik, biotxarraren zenbait aplikazio aurkezten dira: adsortzioa egiteko, katalizatzaile gisa, gasak biltegiratzeko (esate baterako, H2, O2 eta CH4), lurzoruan aplikatzeko, eta bioerregai gisa. Biotxarraren ezaugarri optimoak eman nahi zaion erabileraren araberakoak dira, eta prestakuntza-metodoa doitu daiteke nahi diren ezaugarri fisiko-kimikoak lortzeko.
Mikrobiota-heste-garun ardatza eta terapia mikrobiologikoa Parkinson gaixotasunean
Authors: Razquin Jone , Miguelez Cristina , Guridi Andrea , Abecia Leticia , Ortuzar Naiara , Eraso Elena , Mateo Estibaliz
Published: October 2024

Parkinson gaixotasuna (PG) prebalentzia altua duen gaixotasun neurodegeneratiboa bada ere, sintomak hasi eta 20 urte beranduago diagnostikatzen da eta oraindik ere, ez da neuroendekapena gelditzeko tratamendu eraginkorrik aurkitu. Urte askotan zehar sintoma motorrekin lotu den gaixotasuna izan bada ere, azken hamarkadetan sistema ez-motorretan duen eragina ikertu da, besteak beste, hesteetako mikrobiotarekin izan dezakeen lotura aztertuz. Izan ere, heste-garun ardatzaren bidez hesteetako mikrobiotak gaixotasunean eragin dezakeela ikusi da, hesteetako iragazkortasuna aldatuz eta hanturazko metabolitoak sortuz, batik bat. Gainera, hesteetako disbiosiarekin edo mikrobiotaren alterazioarekin erlazionatuta, zenbait mikroorganismoen ugaritasunean aldaketak deskribatu dira dagoeneko, batez ere bakterio-genero konkretu batzuenak. Hala, mikrobiota kontrolatzeko terapiek, besteak beste, dietoterapiak, probiotikoek, antibiotikoek eta transplante fekalekin egin diren ikerketek emaitza itxaropentsuak erakutsi dituzte. Arlo honetan egindako aurrerapenek tratamendu berri eta eraginkorragoak bilatzeko atea zabaltzen dute, mikrobiota-heste-garun ardatza sakontasunez aztertzearen garrantzia bermatuz.
Bitrimeroak: aldi bereko termoplastikoak eta termoegonkorrak diren polimeroak
Authors: Veloso Fernández Antonio , Pérez Álvarez Leyre , Martinez Goikoetxea Peio
Published: October 2024

Izaeraren arabera polimero termoegonkor, termoplastiko eta elastomeroak aurkitzen dira, hauetatik birziklatzeko arazo handienak sortzen dituztenak lehenak dira. Alde batetik, polimero termoegonkorren egitura oso gurutzatua izatean, propietate fisiko eta kimiko onak aurkezten dituzte, baina ez dira tenperaturarekin biguntzen ezta urtzen ere, degradatu baizik. Beste aldetik, termoplastikoak, bigundu eta urtzeko aukera dute beraien propietate fisiko-kimikoak termoegonkorrenak baino okerragoak izanik. Honen aurrean, termoplastikoen birziklagarritasuna eta termoegonkorren propietate mekaniko onak lortzeko, bitrimeroak garatu dira. Bitrimeroak, sare kobalente moldagarri batez osatutako material polimerikoak dira, horrela erresistentzia mekanikoa birziklatze zikloetan zehar mantentzeko gaitasuna lortuz. Honetarako kateen arteko lotura kobalenteak itzulgarriak izan behar dira, adibidez, Schiff base baten imina taldeen kasua. Lan honetan, produktu naturaletik abiatuta eta biobateragarria den soja-olio epoxidatuaren bitartez termoegonkorra den bitrimeroa sintetizatu da. Horretarako, lehendabizi Schiff basea sintetizatu da bi produktu natural erabilita: 4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzaldehidoa (banilina) eta 1,4-butanodiamina (putresina) eta ondoren, soja-olio epoxidatuarekin gurutzatu da. Konposatu honekin hainbat karakterizazio egin ondoren (termiko eta mekanikoak), bere propietate bitrimerikoak egiaztatu dira eta erretxina termoegonkorrak ordezkatzeko erabil dezakeela frogatu da.
Hizlari-bektore manipulazioaren bidezko genero-anbiguoko hizketaren sintesia euskaraz
Authors: Sarasola Xabier , Corral Ander , Leturia Igor , Morcillo Iñigo
Published: October 2024

Gero eta interes handiagoa dago genero-anbiguko ahotsa duten text-to-speech (TTS) sistemetan, besteak beste, laguntzaile birtualetan eta bozgorailu adimendunetan genero-alborapenak eta estereotipoak saihesteko duten ahalmenagatik. Artikulu honetan, ahots-bihurketa teknika berriak aplikatzen dizkiegu ahots-bektoreei sare neuronaletan oinarritutako genero-anbiguoko euskarazko TTS sistemak lortzeko. Hizlari-bektoreak hiztun anitzeko Tacotron 2-a entrenatuz lortzen dira. Hizlari-bektoreen normalizazioa eta eskala parametro bat erabiltzen duten eta erabiltzen ez duten sistemak konparatu ditugu, baita sistema hauetan ahots sintetiko arruntek eta transformatuek lortzen duten kalitatea ere. Emaitzek frogatzen dute aurkeztutako metodoak genero-anbiguoko ahotsak lortzeko baliozkoak direla kalitate onargarriak lortuz.
Adimen Artifiziala. PTIA eredu kimioinformatikoa endekapenezko gaixotasun neurologikoen kontrako botikak aurkitzeko
Authors: Llona Leire , Ibañez Ane , Gonzalez-Diaz Humberto , Bediaga Harbil , Arrasate Sonia
Published: October 2024

Kimioinformatika, kimika teorikoaren atal bat da, eta, zientzia kimiko farmazeutikoetako arazoetan teknika informatikoen erabileran datza. Lan honetan, IFPTIA (Informazioa Fusionatzea + Perturbazio Teoria + Ikasketa Automatikoa) metodologiak Kimika Mediko esparruan izan dezakeen aplikazioa aurkezten da. Zehazki, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Alboko Esklerosi Amiotrofikoa (AEA), Friedreich ataxia eta Huntington endekapenezko gaixotasun neurologikoak aztertu dira. Eraikitako eredu kimioinformatikoan, horiekin erlazioa izan ditzaketen proteinen sekuentziak eta garunaren eskualde desberdinen (kortex entorrinalaren (KE), hipokanpoaren (HIP), erdiko loki bihurgunearen (ELB), atzeko zingulu kortexaren (AZK), goi bekoki bihurgunearen (GBB) eta kortex bisualaren (KB)) Proteinen Elkarrekintza Sarea (PES) kontuan hartu dira. Lortutako ereduaren parametro estatistikoak onak izan dira; Sn (%) = 77,76, Sp (%) = 72,69 eta Ac (%) = 73,83 entrenamendurako, eta Sp (%) = 72,66, Sn (%) = 77,95 eta Ac (%)= 73,84 balioak berrespenerako. Gaixotasun hauek sendaezinak dira eta sintomak agertzen diren momentutik aurrera, gaixoak ahultzen doaz, garunean dauden neuronak hil egiten diren arte. Honek dakarren arazo ohikoen artean mugimendu eta garun funtzionamendu okerren arazoak dira. Zentzu horretan, eredu kimioinformatikoak teknika guztiz erabilgarriak izan daitezke farmako berrien garapenean, entseguetarako animaliak murrizteko eta orotar, baliabideak saihesteko ahaleginetan. Ereduak, konposatu bat endekapenezko gaixotasun neurologikoetan aktiboa izateko edo ez izateko probabilitatea iragar dezake. Beraz, eredu hauek, gaixotasun hauen atzean dauden mekanismoak ulertzeko erreminta oso baliagarriak direla frogatu da eta horri esker, etorkizun handiko bide terapeutikoak zabaltzen dira.
Suizidio-zantzuak sare sozialetan: ingelesez eta gaztelaniaz hizkuntza-ezaugarriak berdinak al dira?
Authors: Oronoz Anchordoqui Maite , Gracia Urzelai Sara , González Hidalgo Jose Mari , Pérez Ramírez Alicia
Published: October 2024

Oraindik ez
Auto-gainbegiratutako ikaskuntzaren ahalmena azaleratzen
Authors: Sánchez Ferrera Aitor , Calvo Molinos Borja , Mori Carrascal Usue , Lozano Alonso Jose Antonio
Published: October 2024

Ikasketa automatikoak nabarmen egin du aurrera azken urteotan, eta horren fruitu da garatutako algoritmo sorta izugarria, ataza ezberdin ugari burutzeko ahalmena ematen digutenak. Literaturaren arabera, algoritmo gehienak ikaskuntza gainbegiratuan oinarritzen dira. Hala ere, hainbat atazetan emaitza onak lortu arren, ikaskuntza-paradigma honen eragozpen nagusia etiketetiko mendekotasuna da; izan ere, etiketatze-prozesu hori oso garestia da. Gainera, ikaskuntza automatikoan erabilitako ereduek alborapen okerrak bultzatzen dituzten bide laburrak ikasteko joera handia dute, burutu nahi dituzten atazetan porrot eginez. Aurreko arazoak saihesteko, ikasketa auto-gainbegiratuak arreta bereganatu du azkenaldian ikaskuntza-paradigma gisa. Lan honek ikasketa auto-gainbegiratuari dagokion literaturaren sarrera eskaintzen du, eta ikaskuntza paradigma horren barruan bereizten diren metodo motak bildu eta azaltzen ditu, datu-mota desberdinetan aplikatzeko oinarrizko prozedurak aztertuz.
Vulnerability of water resources to changes in land cover and climate
Authors: Gallart Francesc
Published: October 2024

In various hydrographic basins in Iberia, reductions in annual flows attributed to the increase in forest cover have been observed in the last 50-60 years, as much or more important than the changes attributed to variations in precipitation and temperature. Several studies in diverse climates show that groundwater recharge is generally lower under forest cover than under grass or agricultural cover.
The predictions of the climate models coincide in more marked increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation in summer than in winter in most part of Iberia, inducing not only a decrease of water resources but also an increase in water stress of the vegetation and a reduction in dry season flows.
It will be necessary to implement land cover strategies adaptive to climate change scenarios to care for water resources, such as reversing the reforestation of mountain pastures and improving the management of timberlands to reduce their water stress and consumption.
Le Dauphin ontziaren euskarazko gutuneriaz (Baiona, 1757)
Authors: Videgain Xarles
Published: October 2024

Xabier Lamikizek egin zuen presari esker dator Le Dauphin ontziak zeraman gutuneriaren aurkezpena. 1757an Baionatik Louisbourgera joateko zen Le Dauphin Ingalaterrako ontzidiaren presa izan zen eta haren barnean zegoen dokumentazioa ediren zuen X. Lamikizek Londreseko artxiboetan. Lapurdiko gutun-igorleek (gehienetan emazte) lapurteraz idatzitako 50 gutun Louisbourgeko hartzaileei igorri zizkieten. Euskararen historiarentzat lekukotasun nagusi dela ageri da. Orduko Zazpi Urtetako Gerla, Baionako kortsu jardunaldia eta Louisbourgeko ekonomia aipatu ondoan, gutunen pasarte labur batzuk ematen dira, edozein gutunek betetzen ohi dituen funtzioen, berri franko ematen digutelo orduko jendeen bizimoduaz.  X. Elosegik gutunen protagonistei buruz bildu duenaz ere parte ematen da: laguntza ekonomikoa eskatzen edo eskaintzen dute igorleek, hasarrea adierazten dute hartzailea ez delakoan ongi portatu edo bere buruaren berririk ez  duelako ematen, eta oroz gainetik hartzailea otoizten dute Euskal Herrira itzul dadin ahal bezain laster : « Zato, zato etxera ». Azkenik, indarrean dagoen proiektuak ideki behar dituen ildoak aipatzen dira.
Visión bibliométrica de la exposición a plaguicidas y el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
Authors: Sánchez-Jorquera Antonia , Alacid-Cutillas Nuria , Veiga-del-Baño José Manuel , Andreo-Martínez Pedro
Published: October 2024

Este análisis bibliométrico presenta la primera descripción general de la literatura sobre plaguicidas y el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Para el análisis bibliométrico y el mapeo científico se utilizaron los programas informáticos Bibexcel, Microsoft Excel 365 y VOSviewer. La búsqueda de la literatura se realizó en la base de datos Web of Science (WoS) donde se encontraron 272 trabajos publicados entre 1999 y 2024. Los resultados mostraron que el campo de investigación sobre plaguicidas y TDAH no sigue la ley de crecimiento exponencial de Price y que ha sufrido un descenso desde 2020 coincidiendo con la pandemia del COVID-19, pero el valor del índice de Price (41,40%) indica que el campo de investigación todavía no está obsoleto y que se esperan más publicaciones en los próximos años. La productividad de los autores, las revistas y las instituciones siguieron la ley de Lotka. El país más productivo fue Estados Unidos, donde también se encuentra la institución más influyente (Universidad de Harvard) y los autores más prolíficos ya que tiene la mayor cantidad de publicaciones y coautorías internacionales. La revista líder es “Environmental research”, que se centra en la categoría de WoS de ciencias medioambientales. Las áreas de investigación más candentes se centran en el estudio, en modelo animal, de la exposición de los niños a plaguicidas organoclorados junto a otras enfermedades del neurodesarrollo como el autismo.
Therapeutic potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Combating biofilms of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus RM-Ph8 and modulating the immune response in the liver tissue of rats
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed T. , Orabi Sahar H. , Abdel‑Hamid Marwa Salah , Korany Reda M. S. , Alshehrei Fatimah M. , Elbawab Rania Hamed
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains poses a significant threat to healthcare settings. Although various studies have explored alternative antibiotics, discovering novel therapeutic agents remains crucial. This study aimed to synthesize green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as bactericidal agents, identify a multidrug-resistant isolate of Staphylococcus aureus, and explore their biofilm formation ability. To estimate the role of phyto-AgNPs in the perfection of immune markers and healing hepatic lesions in vivo.

Materials and Methods: The clinical isolate of MRSA was identified using 16S rRNA New green AgNPs derived from Artemisia annua extract were synthesized. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized, and their minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated for fighting MRSA biofilm. A study was conducted on rats to evaluate the effect of new NPs on their immune response to MRSA infection.

Results: The new clinical isolate of MRSA RM-Ph8 was identified by molecular phylogenetic analysis as S. aureus, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed that the new strain was similar to S. aureus with 98.12% identity with accession number OQ421819. The FTIR of the new phyto-AgNPs displayed different functional groups that work as reducing silver nitrate agents. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed spherical particles with an average diameter of 6–28 nm smaller. The chemical method led to complete cell destruction of the multidrug strain within 24 h. Biofilm formation showed that the new MRSA clinical strain was strongly adherent (88%). Notably, the phyto-AgNPs exhibited significant bactericidal activity against the new MRSA strain, with an MIC of up to 50 mg/mL. Moreover, phyto- AgNPs significantly decreased reversed MRSA-induced liver and kidney function impairment, with improvement in both the histopathological lesions and immune histochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase at p < 0.05 compared with the untreated group.

Conclusion: Green AgNPs are a promising therapeutic approach against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, surpassing the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics.

Keywords: Artemisia annua bactericidal activity, immune histochemical expression, multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, phyto-AgNPs.
Black American Agricultural Experts and the Vernacularization of American Science in Liberia Prior to Decolonization in Africa
Authors: Mark-Thiesen Cassandra
Published: October 2024

Studies continue to assume an unbridgeable gap between scientific representations and ontological realities in Africa. Histories of foreign scientific interventions on the continent have often emphasized the role of scientists as agents of empire. However, there is a growing body of historiography that explores how adaptation and translation took place against the backdrop of the massive power imbalances that characterized such knowledge transfers, including in relation to the complex and shifting positions of the scientists themselves. This article focuses on black American agricultural scientists who advised the Liberian government on how to grow surplus crops nationally. It examines their practice of linking science to local knowledge. It also explores their personal negotiations with American empire as they infused their work with black internationalist theories of liberation and racial uplift. By looking at scientists on the ground or in the field, we can learn more about embedded processes of epistemic and political negotiation and critique.
Synthesis and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of purified and unpurified multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lopes Leonardo Quintana Soares , Marquezan Patrícia Kolling , Mortari Sergio Roberto , Machado Fernando   Machado , Volkmer Tiago Moreno , Santos Roberto Christ Vianna
Published: October 2024

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were purified and unpurified in this study to obtain hybrid materials with improved activity. The production stage comprised a chemical purification of the produced sample. Raman spectroscopy analyzed the structural composition of purified and unpurified samples. The disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill assessment analyzed antimicrobial activity. MWCNT performed well against the tested bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sp. Staphylococcus epidermidis). The disc diffusion assay revealed inhibition zone differences caused by purified and unpurified MWCNTs. MIC and MBC values of purified and unpurified MWCNTs were similar. The purified and unpurified nanotubes of Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35985) exhibited inhibition zone diameters of approximately 8 mm and 9 mm, respectively. The microdilution method revealed a MIC of 1.23 mg/ml for the purified nanotube and 0.156 mg/ml for the unpurified nanotube against the same microorganism. The killing curve analysis demonstrated that unpurified carbon nanotubes were more effective against all tested microorganisms. MWCNTs represent a promising method for microbiology, but studies on the toxicity of these materials remain scarce.
Assessment of menopausal symptoms awareness among women in Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Panta Aliza , Devi Dahal Babita , Prasad Koirala Hari
Published: October 2024

Background: Menopause signifies the end of a woman's reproductive phase, characterized by the cessation of ovarian hormone production and the termination of menstrual cycles, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. The transition involves a range of physical and psychological symptoms manifesting before, during, and after menopause.
Method: This cross-sectional analytical study assessed the level of awareness regarding menopausal symptoms among women in Bharatpur-9, Chitwan. A non-probability sampling technique was used to select 257 respondents. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed with SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Among the respondents, 53.3% were aged 40-49 years (Mean ± S.D.; 48.84 ± 6.27), and 69.3% experienced menarche between ages 13-15. A majority (59.9%) had not yet reached menopause. Knowledge of menopausal symptoms was as follows: joint pain (90.7%), sleep problems (90.7%), irritability (90.7%), hot flushes (22.2%), anxiety (22.2%), sadness (22.2%), vaginal dryness (22.6%), loss of interest in sex (25.7%), palpitations (18.7%), and decreased visual acuity (9.3%). Statistical significance was found between awareness levels and factors such as religion (p=0.00), ethnicity (p=0.00), educational status (p=0.006), family type (p=0.043), cessation of menstruation (p=0.013), and cause of menopause (p=0.00). Overall, 53.7% of respondents had average knowledge about menopausal symptoms.
Conclusion: The study concluded that over half of the respondents possessed average awareness of menopausal symptoms. Hence, there is a need for women to receive correct and comprehensive information regarding menopausal symptoms and their management.
Distributed Software-Defined Networking Management
Authors: Alsheikh Rawan S. , Fadel Etimad A. , Akkari Nadine T.
Published: October 2024

Distributed software-defined networking (SDN) architecture satisfies the minimum requirements for WANs. The distributed controllers are connected in various topologies, including hierarchical and flat, which include logically centralized, physically distributed, and fully distributed controllers. The distributed SDN architectures are qualitatively explored as a more suitable solution for managing fluctuating networks in large-scale deployments, with the goal of optimizing overall network performance, particularly for applications that can tolerate some level of inconsistency, such as load balancing or routing. The logically centralized, physically distributed SDN controller architecture allows SDN controllers, in conjunction with the deployed SDN applications, to centrally coordinate the network due to the conciliated global network view. That is created through the synchronization process between controllers. However, inter-controller synchronization creates an overhead that affects the system’s performance. Additionally, the amount of inter-controller synchronization is vulnerable to the chosen consistency approach the application can tolerate. Although static eventual consistency is frequently employed in modern SDN systems to provide effective scalability, it is argued that it doesn’t place limits on the state inconsistencies that SDN applications will tolerate. Hence, the adaptive consistency models need to be investigated. The study showed that a flat, logically centralized, physically distributed architecture with an adaptive consistency approach would be more suitable for solving large-scale fluctuating network management considering scalability, reliability, and maximizing performance.
Neo-Industrialization – Towards a ‘New Geometry’ of Economic Spatial Interactions
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Kryukov Valeriy , Kryukov Yakov ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS
Published: October 2024

The paper considers specific features of formation and development of organizational structures in the Russian economy, aimed both at achieving economic and technological sovereignty and at developing cooperation and interaction of complementary industries and spheres of economic activity. The most important features of the proposed approach include the consideration and development of interaction through the lens of spatial characteristics of the domestic economy. According to the authors, the Russian economy is characterized by an increasingly important role of the spatial factor in solving all the main tasks of socio-economic development. This is associated with significant distances of delivery and provision of goods and services, as well as with a high degree of spatial dispersion of individual stages and redistribution within the value chain (added value). Failure to take this circumstance into account in the process of ‘radical’ economic reforms over the past 30–35 years has led to the degradation of many industries and spheres of economic activity – the rupture or elimination of fragments of value chains (added value) created in the process of industrialization. The authors of the paper develop and detail the approach to the formation of sustainable value chains (added value), called ‘pulse projects’, developed by the IEIE. It is proposed to develop these projects on the basis of a combination of vertical integration processes of complementary stages and redistribution (located in different regions of the country). Such development is closely related to the building of horizontal interactions at individual stages of economic processes and technological redistribution. This approach allows, according to the authors, to ensure the formation and development of horizontal interactions in the context of implementing both the tasks of spatial development and achieving the priorities of scientific and technological policy
Prospects for Creating a Reserve Currency by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Countries
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, Ivanchenko Igor
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to clarify the prospects for the creation of a new reserve currency by the (Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) countries to reduce foreign exchange costs in trade transactions, to strengthen integration processes in the Eurasian space, to increase the investment potential of developing Asian countries and to stimulate sustainable economic growth. The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the optimal portfolio structure of collateral assets with the possible issuance of a new reserve currency by the SCO countries. The article concludes that currently the best reserve assets that have been analyzed are the Chinese yuan, Indian rupee and gold. The expected return of the new reserve currency does not depend on fluctuations in the global foreign exchange market, and its calculated risk (standard deviation of return) turned out to be lower than the risk of fluctuations in the value of the yuan and gold. The article concludes that gold is the best collateral asset, as it has a stable positive yield, constant purchasing power and a fair value that is 4 times higher than the market value. It is proposed to issue a new reserve currency in the form of stablecoins so that it incorporates all the best properties of cryptocurrencies and fiat money
Geopolitical and Economic Priorities of Russia's Interaction with the China, Japan, Republic of Korea
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Sevastianov Sergey , Kukla Marina ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: October 2024

Modern international processes in Northeast Asia are characterized by relations of mutual competition and cooperation, high security tensions, and developed economic ties, for the maintenance and expansion of which the countries of the region seek to adapt their regional strategy in the face of growing rivalry between China and the United States. Russia also has considerable political, security and economic interests in Northeast Asia. This paper is devoted to the study of achievements and problems of Russia's bilateral cooperation in politics and economy with the so-called ‘Big Three’ countries of Northeast Asia (China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea) over the past decade (2014–2024), as well as the assessment of their development prospects. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of opportunities and limitations that have emerged during the period under study in attempts to match the programs and projects of cooperation with the Russian Far East put forward by these countries with Russia’s strategic initiatives for its accelerated development, including an assessment of the influence of the geopolitical situation on the Northeast Asian countries’ decision-making on participation or non-participation in cooperation projects in the Far East. The analysis of changes in Russia’s political and economic relations with each of the ‘Big Three’ countries associated with the start of the special military operation is presented
Violencia Filioparental, Acoso Escolar y Menores Infractores. Factores Familiares e Individuales en el Sistema Judicial
Authors: Cuervo Gómez Keren , Górriz-Plume Ana
Published: October 2024

En los últimos años se ha producido un incremento de dos tipos específicos de agresiones por parte de menores: la violencia filioparental y el acoso escolar (Fiscalía General del Estado y el Ministerio de Educación, Formación Profesional y Deportes, 2023). En el presente estudio se pretende analizar, la comparativa entre tres grupos de menores en función de la infracción cometida (acoso escolar, violencia filioparental y otros tipos de delitos), teniendo en cuenta factores tanto de riesgo como de protección. Esta comparación se realiza a partir de los expedientes registrados en la Fiscalía de Menores de Castellón y del YLS/CMI (Hoge y Andrews, 2003). Los participantes fueron 341 menores (94 chicas y 247 chicos) entre 14 y 17 años, con una media de edad de 15.79 (D.T. = 1.04). Los menores fueron 116 en VFP, 38 en acoso escolar y 187 en otros delitos. Se han encontrado similitudes entre el grupo de comparación y el grupo de acoso, siendo el grupo de VFP el que ha mostrado un mayor riesgo. Se considera necesario el desarrollo de programas de prevención e intervención trabajando factores familiares (normas, relación y comunicación), así como individuales
(control de impulsos, tolerancia a la frustración y agresividad).
Competencias Relacionales en la Intervención con Adolescentes que Ejercer Violencia Filio Parental: Pautas Para su Aplicación en la Gestión de Situaciones de Disrupción
Authors: Zalduondo Etxeandia Juan
Published: October 2024

La finalidad del presente artículo es proponer una manera de abordar la relación con adolescentes, que mantienen un patrón de relación con sus progenitores basado en la violencia, en contextos residenciales de convivencia. Ya sea en centros para el cumplimiento de medidas judiciales de internamiento o convivencia, ya sea en centros de acogimiento residencial.

La propuesta se centra en la intervención en momentos de disrupción entre los o las profesionales y los o las propias adolescentes, en los que se da una conducta desregulada emocionalmente, externalizada o violenta. Estos momentos de crisis se constituyen como momentos especialmente significativos para el aprendizaje de nuevos patrones de relación en tanto que la modificación de las disfuncionalidades y el aprendizaje de nuevos patrones deben ser modificados primariamente en la acción.

La propuesta se sustenta en el desarrollo de competencias óptimas, por parte de los y las profesionales para el abordaje de la conducta violenta y/o externalizada, para influir en la modificación de aspectos estructurales que subyacen a la misma.
Propuesta de Intervención Terapéutica y Socioeducativa Ante un Caso de Violencia Filio-Parental
Authors: Gallego González Raquel , Hermida Álvarez Miriam , González Álvarez Aroa
Published: October 2024

Los casos de violencia filio-parental han experimentado un aumento significativo en los últimos años. Esta cuestión ha generado un interés creciente tanto a nivel social como científico, sin embargo, las experiencias de intervención realizadas hasta el momento son aún escasas. Con la finalidad de proporcionar una respuesta preventiva surge el Proyecto Conviviendo como un recurso especializado en la intervención, prevención y sensibilización de la violencia filio-parental. El presente artículo tiene como finalidad exponer el funcionamiento del proyecto a través de la presentación de un caso atendido en el recurso. Se describe la situación personal, familiar y social obtenida a través de la evaluación; los objetivos terapéuticos y las actividades realizadas. Los principales resultados alcanzados revelan una reducción de la violencia filio-parental psicológica, una extinción de la violencia filio-parental física y una disminución del conflicto familiar. Finalmente se discuten las implicaciones prácticas, las limitaciones y se proponen futuras líneas de intervención e investigación.
Heating Experiments on Benthic Foraminifera Ammonia sp. to Assess the Suitability of Amino Acid-Based Dating
Authors: Hidayat Rahmadi , Barianto Didit Hadi , Surjono Sugeng Sapto , Ali Che Aziz
Published: October 2024

Sub-milligram fossil biominerals, mainly benthic foraminifera, have been recently used to estimate the age of sediments determined from amino acid dating due to the minimum sample size requirement for reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). This includes the collection of Ammonia sp., known as a key species occupying restricted lagoonal environments. However, an experiment has not been conducted to understand the racemization kinetics in order to examine the reliability of this species for amino acid racemization (AAR) geochronology. This research aims to determine the trend of the extent of racemization and the amino acid concentration, leading to the recommendation of Ammonia sp. shells as a dating specimen. The results exhibit a predictable pattern, demonstrating a consistently increasing extent of racemization after oven heating for up to 168 h without any indication of reversal pattern. The racemization rate differs from four selected amino acids reported in this study, where aspartic acid is the fastest, followed by glutamic acid, valine and isoleucine epimerization. Moreover, the consistent proportion of total amino acid and the decline of amino acid concentrations can be clearly observed following exponential decay. Therefore, this foraminifer can be used as an alternative specimen to establish amino acid-based geochronology, particularly in the depositional environment lacking other microfossils. Due to its confined habitat, amino acid-based dating of Ammonia sp. is considered applicable to understand the small environmental changes related to marginal marine successions.
Analyzing Sediments Assessment and Distribution Using Bathymetric Survey: A Comprehensive Study of the Abu Abdullah Canal, Southern Iraq
Authors: Khaleefa Usama Qasim , Hussein Meelad A. , Shareef Najed Faisal , Almayahi Dawod S. , Chasib Sajjad K.
Published: October 2024

The Abu Abdullah canal, an essential part of the Garma River, serves as the feeder to the water injection station for the Basrah Oil Company's southern region's oil fields, playing a significant strategic. This study thoroughly investigates the sedimentation rate and distribution processes within this critical canal. The canal was built in the 1980s, with a depth of 3 meters planned. In 2017, RSK Company, in partnership with the Basrah Oil Company, started a comprehensive bathymetric survey of the canal to investigate its depth characteristics. The survey yielded intriguing results, revealing notable variations in depth along the canal's course. Depths ranged from 0.4 m at the canal's edges to an average of 1.6 m in the middle, indicating a significant decrease of 1.4 m in the middle region and 2.6 m at the edges. The collapse of the canal banks, induced by the proximity of Buffalo breeders' residences near the canal, is the primary source of this depth variation. Incidental entry and traversal of Buffaloes lead to gradual structural degradation of the banks, exerting a substantial influence on sediment distribution within the canal. Moreover, Buffalo standing in the middle of the canal induces compression on the channel bottom, altering the sediment transport dynamics. The study's outcomes are critical for sustainable canal management and environmental conservation. Understanding the complicated interaction between human activities and natural processes for shaping canal morphology is vital for developing effective strategies aimed at safeguarding canal banks and preserving their ecological functions. This research significantly advances the understanding of canal sediment dynamics, presenting practical applications in hydraulic engineering and environmental management.
DNA Barcoding and Phylogenetic Analysis of Commercially Important Groupers (Serranidae) in Raja Ampat using gene marker Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI)
Authors: Ayu Inna Puspa , Mashar Ali , Wardiatno Yusli , Butet Nurlisa A. , Sani L. Mukhsin Iqbal , Irianda Nadya Jeny , Madduppa Hawis , Gelis Ester R. E. , Lane Christopher , Borbee Erin , Subhan Beginer
Published: October 2024

Groupers are one of the most important and commercial fishes; many of the species are classified as Life Reef Fish Trade (LRFT). The number of grouper species in these locations may be more diverse than at other sites. Identifying the species number of a grouper is essential for mapping reef fitness. However, morphological identification of groupers is relatively difficult. Molecular methods such as DNA barcoding could be an option and even serve as reliable validation. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify groupers belonging to the Serranidae family. The grouper samples were obtained from the fish market in Waisai, Raja Ampat, Indonesia. The DNA barcoding employed the COI genes to accurately identify groupers. The Qiagen DNeasy 96 tissue extraction kit was used to extract DNA, and Primer Fish F1/R1 was applied. The sequences were analysed using ClustalW in MEGA 7.0 and phylogenetic tree was generated using the NJ (Neighbour Joining) method. Eleven species of groupers belonging to five taxa were discovered in Waisai, Raja Ampat. Anyperodon, Cephalopholis, Epinephelus, Plectropomus, and Variola are the grouper genera. Epinephelus was the predominant genus within the serranidae family, with 51.4% of the total. The International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List category puts the majority of grouper species in the 'Least Concerned' category. This study confirmed the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for species identification and the value of the COI gene for Grouper's phylogenetic research. The outcome offers information about fisheries resources, which should be helpful in managing fisheries in reef ecosystems.
The Dynamics and Water Quality Status of a Tropical Coastal Lake in Anak Laut Lake, Singkil Indonesia
Authors: Leidonald Rusdi , Muhtadi Ahmad Muhtadi , Susetya Ipanna Enggar , Dewinta Astrid Fauzia , Hasibuan Julia Syahriani , Simamora Lauran F.M. , Saville Ramadhona
Published: October 2024

Anak Laut Lake a tropical coastal lake in Singkil, Aceh Province, is directly connected to the Indian Ocean on the northwestern part of Sumatra Island. The existence of oil palm plantations in the northern part of Lake Anak Laut has the potential to pollute the lake waters. Therefore, this research aims to determine the dynamics of water quality which is influenced by the tidal cycle and the level of pollution of Lake Anak Laut. This research was conducted on March and April 2023. Water sampling was conducted in four (4) times, following the tidal cycle, namely new month, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. The sampling was also carried out at high and low tides. The method for determining water pollution is the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and Pollution Index Method (PI). The results of the research show that the current and water level of Anak Laut Lake varies according to the tidal cycle, so the water quality fluctuates greatly following the tidal cycle. The concentration of organic matter and nutrients as well as Total Coliform showed higher in the last quarter phase where the water entering the lake was very low. The high level of organic matter is caused by 'waste' from palm oil plantation activities located north of Anak Laut Lake. The water quality status of Anak Laut Lake is categorized as marginal-poor based on CCME (score 42-66) and moderate based on PI (score 5-8). In general, water quality conditions are "better" at high tide (new month and full moon) than at low tide (first quarter and last quarter).
A Review: Classification, Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Properties of Red, Brown and Green Macroalgae
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Trang Thuy , Tran Thanh Men
Published: October 2024

In human body, free radicals cause oxidative stress which is reported to be the main reason of  many life style human diseases. This stress induced by the imbalance of antioxidants and oxidants. Many deadly diseases induced by oxidative stress as it forms the root cause of several degenerative changes in the cells and tissues. Nucleic acids, lipids and proteins in our body are demaged by this stress, made changes to cellular functions and lead to apoptosis or necrosis. Antioxidants have an important role in protection human body from oxidative damages and prevention of many chronic diseases, for example, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, aging, even diseases related to the nervous system. Currently, the exploration of natural antioxidants is trends in the pharmaceutical industries because synthetic antioxidants are reported to cause major side effects. Antioxidants of natural origin are considered safe and highly effective. These substances are abundant in many medicinal herbs including algae, fungi, plants and animals. Among them, seaweed is believed to be a potential source of medicinal herbs capable of synthesizing compounds with good biological activity. Off these, macroalgae, including red, brown, and green macroalgae,  are considered a natural source of antioxidant components that can provide a valuable contribution to the innovation of pharmaceutical and industrial fields. Since algal products' antioxidant properties and nutritional benefits have been increasingly recognized, their properties as antioxidants require further investigative studies. This review provides information on various aspects of antioxidants, including algal sources containing antioxidants, the chemical composition of macroalgae, and antioxidant components, as well as their benefits to human health.