bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boil-Turbine System Identification Based on Robust Interval Type-2 Fuzzy C-Regression Model
Authors: Shi Jianzhong
Published: November 2022

The boil-turbine system is a multivariable and strong coupling system with the characteristics of nonlinearity, time-varying parameters, and large delay. The accurate model can effectively improve the performance of turbine–boiler coordinated control system. In this paper, the boil-turbine model is established by interval type-2 (IT2) T-S fuzzy model. The premise parameters of IT2 T-S fuzzy model are identified by robust IT2 fuzzy c-regression model (RIT2-FCRM) clustering algorithm. The RIT2-FCRM is based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FS) and applies a robust objective function, this clustering algorithm can reduce the impacts of outliers and noise points. The effectiveness and practicability of RIT2-FCRM are demonstrated by the identification results of the boiler–turbine system.
Colorimetric Detection of Chromium Ions in Aqueous Solution Based on Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles with 4-Mercaptobenzoic Acid and Polyethyleneimine
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Dong Qian , Cao Yapeng , Liu Yumin , Zhao Ying
Published: November 2022

In order to conveniently and rapidly detect Cr3+ ions in aqueous solution, novel functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were designed with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). In addition, we also compared the response signal of various functional AuNPs to Cr3+ ions on the detection system. The modifiers included 4-MBA, 4-nitrobenzene mercaptan (4-NTP) and PEI, respectively. The results showed that 4-MBA and PEI co-functionalized had better sensitiveness than others. Cr3+ ions in aqueous solution could be detected by naked eye and UV-Vis absorption spectrum and the limit of detection was 1 μM. The response was found to be proportional to Cr3+ ions concentration in the range from 2 μM to 10 μM. The developed platform with high selectiveness was successfully utilized to detect Cr3+ ions in simulated samples.
Strontium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanowires with a Hierarchical Interface: Enhancing Osteoinduction and Cellular Attachment
Authors: Jia Xiu , Wang Peijun , Mu Sen , Yan Jiaqun , Dai Jiayin , Bi Liangjia
Published: November 2022

Strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires with hierarchical interfaces were prepared in this study by a one-step hydrothermal method using Pluronic123 as a structural guide. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the materials were detected by the MTT assay. The adhesion and growth of MG63 (osteosarcoma cells) on materials with different doping ratios were observed by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the transcription levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-associated transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), type I collagen (Coll-I) and osteocalcin (OCN). The protein expression levels of ALP, Runx2, OPN, Col-I and OCN were detected by western blotting (WB). The results showed that strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires had good biocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability, and the strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires with a 1% strontium content exhibited a better osteogenic induction performance. Therefore, it is expected to become a new, promising bone induction scaffold material.
Quantum Ray Tracing with Simulation
Authors: Lu Xi , Lin Hongwei
Published: November 2022

Rendering is a computer graphics process that generates images from a three-dimensional scene including models, lights and cameras. Ray tracing is a category of rendering algorithms that calculates pixel colors by simulating the physical movements of light rays such as reflections, refractions and scatterings. The core problem of ray tracing is a high-dimensional numerical integration, and the classical Monte Carlo ray tracing requires a big number of rays to reduce error. By leveraging the inherent parallelism of quantum computing, we propose a framework of quantum ray tracing algorithm, and do simulation experiments to prove that it has a quadratically faster error convergence than classical Monte Carlo ray tracing.
Modeling and Analysis of Discrete Facial Expressions with Dense Optical Flow-derived Features
Authors: Anthwal Shivangi , Ganotra Dinesh
Published: November 2022

Facial expressions (FEs) are one of the most preeminent means of conveying one’s emotions and are pivotal to nonverbal communication. Potential applications in a wide range of areas in computer vision have lent a strong impetus to research in the domain of automatic facial expression recognition. This work discusses the effectiveness of two optical flow-based features for modeling the FEs associated with prototypic emotions based on the pattern of nonrigid deformable motion of facial components occurring during their portrayal. The discernible motion patterns are categorized into distinct discrete classes with the descriptive features indicating the global spatial distribution of deformation derived from the dense optical flow field associated with emotional and neutral face images. Results obtained with evaluation on images and video clips taken from Extended Cohn-Kanade, Japanese Female Facial Expressions, and Dynamic Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces datasets with multi-class support vector machine and [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor classifiers are competent with the state-of-the-art techniques and concordant with empirical psychological studies in emotion science.
Helping Each Other Quit Online: Understanding User Engagement and Real-life Outcomes of the r/StopSmoking Digital Smoking Cessation Community
Authors: De Santo Alessio , Moro Arielle , Kocher Bruno , Holzer Adrian
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of prevention, tobacco addiction is still a widespread health concern responsible for around 8 million deaths per year. Existing digital smoking cessation solutions such as social media are becoming increasingly popular and represent a novel approach to find community support. However, little is known about how they affect smoking behavior. This research aims to understand what motivates people to join online communities and how their participation affects their attitudes and behaviors. To do so, this article conducts an in-depth analysis of the popular Reddit r/StopSmoking thread through three complementary studies. Using the transtheoretical model and the uses and gratification theory, Study 1 aims at understanding the link among motivation factors, engagement, and outcomes through a user survey. Study 2 aims at understanding the engagement by analyzing the content of 10 years of user interaction data. Study 3 attempts to gain further knowledge of interactions by examining the reaction of the community to a crisis situation such as that of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Findings convey the fact that participation in such communities has a favorable impact on the change process toward quitting. Results show that providing social support to others is the biggest contributing factor for participating in the community. User interactions analysis confirmed that survey responses were accurate reflections of actual user activity. Regarding the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, results suggest that it increased levels of stress and depression in the community while decreasing active engagement, indicating that there may be opportunities for improvement in dealing with tough situations.
AngleCAD: Surface-Based 3D Modelling Techniques on Foldable Touchscreens
Authors: Liu Can , Dai Chenyue , Ma Qingzhou , Mehra Brinda , Cassinelli Alvaro
Published: November 2022

3D modelling and printing are becoming increasingly popular. However, beginners often face high barriers of entry when trying to use existing 3D modelling tools, even for creating simple objects. This is further complicated on mobile devices by the lack of direct manipulation in the Z dimension. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using foldable mobile devices for modelling simple objects by constructing a 2.5D display and interaction space with folded touch screens. We present a set of novel interaction techniques - AngleCAD, which allows users to view and navigate a 3D space through folded screens, and to modify the 3D object using the physical support of touchscreens and folding angles. The design of these techniques was inspired by woodworking practices to support surface-based operations that allow users to cut, snap and taper objects directly with the touch screen, and extrude and drill them according to the physical fold angle. A preliminary study identified the benefits of this approach and the key design factors that affect the user experience.
Primary Aldosteronism and the Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists for the Heart and Kidneys
Authors: Cohen Jordana B. , Bancos Irina , Brown Jenifer M. , Sarathy Harini , Turcu Adina F. , Cohen Debbie L.
Published: November 2022

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension but is frequently underrecognized and undertreated. Patients with PA are at a markedly increased risk for target organ damage to the heart and kidneys. While patients with unilateral PA can be treated surgically, many patients with PA are not eligible or willing to undergo surgery. Steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are highly effective for treating PA and reducing the risk of target organ damage. However, steroidal MRAs are often underprescribed and can be poorly tolerated by some patients due to side effects. Nonsteroidal MRAs reduce adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes among patients with diabetic kidney disease and are bettertolerated than steroidal MRAs. While their blood pressure–lowering effects remain unclear, these agents may have a potential role in reducing target organ damage in patients with PA.
Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature
Authors: Edmondson Amy C. , Bransby Derrick P.
Published: November 2022

Since its renaissance in the 1990s, psychological safety research has flourished—a boom motivated by recognition of the challenge of navigating uncertainty and change. Today, its theoretical and practical significance is amplified by the increasingly complex and interdependent nature of the work in organizations. Conceptual and empirical research on psychological safety—a state of reduced interpersonal risk—is thus timely, relevant, and extensive. In this article, we review contemporary psychological safety research by describing its various content areas, assessing what has been learned in recent years, and suggesting directions for future research. We identify four dominant themes relating to psychological safety: getting things done, learning behaviors, improving the work experience, and leadership. Overall, psychological safety plays important roles in enabling organizations to learn and perform in dynamic environments, becoming particularly relevant in a world altered by a global pandemic.
The Political Role of Business Leaders
Authors: Hersh Eitan
Published: November 2022

What role do business leaders play in American democracy? The dominant narrative in political science holds that business leaders have disproportionate influence; this influence has increased over time; the public opposes business engagement in politics; and a reform agenda could counteract business influence. I contrast this narrative with a second narrative that also emerges from the literature: Business leaders are fragmented and fail to achieve many of their goals; their power has weakened over time; the public wants more business engagement with politics, not less; and no viable reform agenda would fundamentally alter business power. The juxtaposed narratives reveal several insights, including a profound ambivalence among the public about the role of business in democracy. Survey evidence confirms that Democrats in particular are both especially opposed to and especially supportive of business engagement in politics, indicative of the veracity of the competing narratives.
Mechanism of PDZK1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated with Hyperuricemia
Authors: Guo Linqi , Jiang Wenda , Quan Lingli , Teng Xinli , Zhao Jing , Qiu Hongbin
Published: November 2022

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of primary liver cancer that accounts for more than 90% of primary hepatocellular carcinomas. Hyperuricemia is closely related to the development, recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of cancer. Previous studies have proved that the serum uric acid level can increase the incidence rate and mortality of malignant tumors. However, the specific pathogenesis remains unstudied. Methods. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PDZK1 and ABCG2 increased significantly after HCC cells were exposed to different concentrations of soluble uric acid (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/dl) for 24 hours. Then, in HCC shRNAs, PDZK1, or over expression PDZK1 were used. CCK8, wound healing, and Transwell assay showed that PDZK1 regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Flow cytometry results revealed that PDZK1 affects cell apoptosis. Western blot results show that PDZK1 affects the STAT3/C-myc pathway. Then, in vivo tumorigenesis, allopurinol maybe an effective drug to advance: the prognosis of HCC. Results. In our study, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PDZK1 and ABCG2 increased significantly after different concentrations of soluble uric acid in HCC. Then, PDZK1 affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HCC through the STAT3/C-myc pathway. Conclusions. Hyperuricemia response affects the expression of PDZK1; PDZK1 affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis through the STAT3/C-myc pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. It is suggested that PDZK1 maybe closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of HCC and allopurinol maybe have potential anticancer effects.
Comparison of Prior Setting Methods for Multilevel Model Effect Estimation Based on Small Sample Imbalanced Nested Data in Bayesian Framework
Authors: Li Guangming , An Like
Published: November 2022

In the fields of education and psychology, nested data with small samples and imbalances are very common. Bauer et al. (2008) first proposed adjusting the traditional multilevel model to analyze the small sample imbalanced nested data (SSIND). In terms of parameter estimation, the Bayesian method shows the possibility of providing unbiased estimation when the sample size is small. This study proposes that the Bayesian method should be used to analyze the SSIND. This study explores the performance of different treatment effects and nesting effects estimation methods in the multilevel model based on the Bayesian method that performs well in the case of small samples, to provide an appropriate and scientific method reference for the subsequent analysis of the model. Two prior setting methods are compared for multilevel model effect estimation based on a small sample of imbalanced nested data in the Bayesian framework. Two prior setting methods are gamma prior setting method and uniform prior setting method. The research results show that when the treatment condition ICC is small (0.05), the bias and RMSE values of the parameter estimation by the gamma prior setting method are larger and the performance is unstable, while the bias and RMSE values of the parameter estimation by the uniform prior setting method are smaller and the performance is relatively stable, so the uniform prior setting method is recommended; when the treatment condition ICC is large (0.15), the bias and RMSE values of the parameter estimation by the uniform prior setting method are larger and the performance is unstable, while the bias and RMSE values of the parameter estimation by the gamma prior setting method are smaller and the performance is relatively stable, so the gamma prior setting method is recommended; when the treatment condition ICC is between 0.05 and 0.15, both prior setting methods have similar effects. Furthermore, when the number of treatment groups is small (8), the gamma prior setting method is recommended; when the number of treatment groups is large (16), the uniform prior setting method is recommended; when the number of treatment groups is between 8 and 16, both prior setting methods have similar effects. Summarily, when we choose which prior setting method to use for the SSIND, we must consider the interaction between the ICC and the number of treatment groups.
Efficacy and Safety of Modified Seamless Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Patients with Chronic Dacryocystitis
Authors: Wang Yuchuan , Liu Fang , Cao Miao , Xie Lianfeng , Tan Shuxiang , Liu Linlin
Published: November 2022

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified seamless endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) with chronic dacryocystitis. Methods. This study included 54 patients (54 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis treated in our hospital from 2019 to 2021, including 32 patients (32 eyes) who underwent modified and 22 patients (22 eyes) who underwent routine EN-DCR. In the modified EN-DCR, the nasal cavity was filled 30 min before the operation by injection of 1 mg/ml adrenaline hydrochloride and application of ephedrine hydrochloride and nitrofurazone nasal drops. Before the operation, the lacrimal passages were rinsed with a 1 : 2 mixture of dilute methylene blue and normal saline. The “I”-shaped incision was replaced by a “C“-shaped incision near the lateral bone window. In place of suturing, a gelatin sponge was applied at the confluence of the lacrimal sac and nasal mucosa. After the end of the operation, the lacrimal sac was filled with tapered expansion sponge for 1 week. In routine EN-DCR, the nasal cavity was filled with 1 mg/ml epinephrine hydrochloride, and nitrofurazone nasal drops were provided for 5 minutes after the beginning of the operation; and a “I”-shaped incision was made in the nasal mucosa, with one stitch for each anterior and posterior flap. Operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative lacrimal duct irrigation were compared, with the curative effect evaluated after a follow-up of 6 months. Results. Operation time was significantly shorter (41.3 ± 12.1 min vs. 65.4 ± 11.6 min; χ2 = 7.312,

P
<
0.05

) and intraoperative bleeding was significantly lower (12.5 ± 5.2 ml vs. 60.3 ± 8.9 ml; χ2 = 24.883,

P
<
0.05

) in the modified group than in the routine EN-DCR group. After follow-up for 6 months, the effective cure rate was significantly higher in the modified group than in the routine group (96.9% vs. 68.2%; χ2 = 6.383,

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Compared with routine EN-DCR, modified seamless EN-DCR can achieve better surgical outcomes, shorten operation time, and reduce intraoperative bleeding.
Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) Leaves and Arils Methanolic Extracts Ameliorate CdCl2-Induced Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ibraheem Omodele , Oyewole Tosin A. , Adedara Adeola , Abolaji Amos O. , Ogundipe Oluwatobiloba M. , Akinyelu Jude , Eze Chukwuebuka T. , Albogami Sarah , Alotaibi Saqer S. , Adeyemi Oluyomi S. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Alorabi Mohammed , De Waard Michel
Published: November 2022

Different ethnomedical benefits have been documented on different parts of Ackee (Blighia sapida); however, their roles in ameliorating oxidative damages are not well established. CdCl2 inhibitory effects on some oxidative-stress biomarkers and ameliorative potentials of Ackee leaves (AL) and arils (AS) methanolic extracts were studied using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. One to 3-day-old D. melanogaster flies were orally exposed to different concentrations of CdCl2 in their diet for 7 days. The fly’s survival profile and negative geotaxis assays were subsequently analysed. Methanolic extracts of AL and AS treatments showed negative geotaxis behaviour, and extracts were able to ameliorate the effect of Cd2+ on catalase and GST activities and increase total thiol and GSH levels, while it reduced the H2O2 generation (

p
≤
0.05

) when compared to the control. Furthermore, Cd2+ exhibited noncompetitive and uncompetitive enzyme inhibition on catalase and GST activities, respectively, which may have resulted in the formation of Enzyme-substrate-Cd2+ transition complexes, thus inhibiting the conversion of substrate to product. This study, thus, suggests that the Cd2+ mechanism of toxicity was associated with oxidative damage, as evidenced by the alteration in the oxidative stress-antioxidant imbalance, and that the AL and AS extracts possess essential phytochemicals that could alleviate possibly deleterious oxidative damage effects of environmental pollutants such as CdCl2. Thus, Ackee plant parts possess essential phytonutrients which could serve as valuable resources in heavy metal toxicity management.
HSPB1 Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Authors: Chen Keqin , Hou Changmiao , Xu Lei , Peng Hanwu , He Chaogui , Liu Jing , Wang Guoqing , Huang Shaoshuai , Liu Xiehong
Published: November 2022

Objective. Small heat shock protein-1 (HSPB1) is a small heat shock protein that participates in many cellular processes and alleviates stress-induced cell injury. Autophagy protects cells from many types of stress and plays a key role in preventing stress in arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). However, the roles of HSPB1 in autophagy and apoptosis in the context of ASO pathogenesis remain unclear. Methods. In vivo and in vitro studies were used to determine whether HSPB1 is associated with ASO progression. The expression of HSPB1 was measured in normal and sclerotic blood vessels. The role of HSPB1 and its potential downstream signaling pathway were determined in VSMCs by overexpressing and silencing HSPB1. Results. A total of 91 ASO patients admitted to and treated at our hospital from Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021 were selected, and plasma HSPB1 expression was assessed. We divided the patients with ASO into the grade I (

n
=
39

), II (

n
=
29

), III (

n
=
10

), and IV (

n
=
13

) groups according to Fontaine’s classification. Plasma HSPB1 levels were markedly decreased in patients with grade III (

n
=
10

) and IV (

n
=
13

) ASO compared with patients with grade I ASO. Furthermore, HSPB1 expression was significantly decreased, and p62 and cleaved caspase-3 were increased in the sclerotic vasculature compared to the normal vasculature (

p
<
0.05

). Overexpression of HSPB1 promoted apoptosis of VSMCs following ox-LDL treatment. Knockdown of HSPB1 led to a marked increase in the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 in ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs, whereas knockdown of HSPB1 attenuated these changes (

p
<
0.05

). Importantly, overexpression of HSPB1 promoted the dephosphorylation of JNK in ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs. Conversely, downregulation of HSPB1 induced the opposite change. Conclusion. Loss of HSPB1 promotes VSMC autophagy and inhibits VSMC apoptosis, which are associated with ASO. HSPB1 and its downstream signaling pathways could be potential therapeutic targets for ASO treatment.
Multiradar Joint Tracking of Cluster Targets Based on Graph-LSTMs
Authors: Xue Xirui , Huang Shucai , Wei Daozhi , Xie Jiahao
Published: November 2022

The cluster target brings a serious challenge to the traditional multisensor multitarget tracking algorithm because of its large number of members and the cooperative interaction between members. Using multiradar joint tracking cluster target is an alternative method to solve the problem of cluster target tracking, but it inevitably brings the problem of radar-target assignment and tracking information fusion. Aiming at the problem of radar-target assignment and tracking information fusion, a joint tracking method based on graph-long short-term memory neural nets (Graph-LSTMs) is proposed. Firstly, we use multivariable stochastic differential equations (SDE) to model the cooperative interaction of cluster members and transform the derived state space model of cluster members into the same form as the constant velocity (CV) motion model, and the target state equation of cluster which can be used for Bayesian filtering iteration is established. Secondly, based on the detection relationship between radars and cluster members, we introduce the detection confirmation matrix and propose a radar-target assignment method to achieve multiple measurements of single member and detection coverage of all cluster members. Then, each radar uses δ-GLMB filter to estimate the motion state of the assigned targets. Finally, on the basis of spatial discretization, the labels of multiple estimates of cluster member states are obtained. We use the designed Graph-LSTMs to learn the cooperative relationship between target states to fuse the labels and obtain better tracking effect. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively simulates the cluster motion and realizes the joint estimation of cluster target motion state by multiradar. Our method makes up for the defect that a single radar cannot stably track adjacent multiple targets and achieves better estimation fusion effect than the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and mean method.
Feature Selection and Training Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Design Optimal Classifier of Big Data Sonar
Authors: Kosarirad Houman , Ghasempour Nejati Mobin , Saffari Abbas , Khishe Mohammad , Mohammadi Mokhtar
Published: November 2022

The complexity and high dimensions of big data sonar, as well as the unavoidable presence of unwanted signals such as noise, clutter, and reverberation in the environment of sonar propagation, have made the classification of big data sonar one of the most interesting and applicable topics for active researchers in this field. This paper proposes the use of the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) to train Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-NN) and also to select optimal features in big data sonar (called GMLP-GOA). GMLP-GOA hybrid classifier first extracts the features of experimental sonar data using MFCC. Then, the most optimal features are selected using GOA. In the last step, MLP-NN trained with GOA is used to classify big data sonar. To evaluate the performance of GMLP-GOA, this classifier is compared with MLP-GOA, MLP-GWO, MLP-PSO, MLP-ACO, and MLP-GSA classifiers in terms of classification rate, convergence rate, local optimization avoidance power, and processing time. The results indicated that GMLP-GOA achieved a classification rate of 98.12% in a processing time of 3.14 s.
OncoLoop: A Network-Based Precision Cancer Medicine Framework
Authors: Vasciaveo Alessandro , Arriaga Juan Martín , de Almeida Francisca Nunes , Zou Min , Douglass Eugene F. , Picech Florencia , Shibata Maho , Rodriguez-Calero Antonio , de Brot Simone , Mitrofanova Antonina , Chua Chee Wai , Karan Charles , Realubit Ronald , Pampou Sergey , Kim Jaime Y. , Afari Stephanie N. , Mukhammadov Timur , Zanella Luca , Corey Eva , Alvarez Mariano J. , Rubin Mark A. , Shen Michael M. , Califano Andrea , Abate-Shen Cory
Published: November 2022

Prioritizing treatments for individual patients with cancer remains challenging, and performing coclinical studies using patient-derived models in real time is often unfeasible. To circumvent these challenges, we introduce OncoLoop, a precision medicine framework that predicts drug sensitivity in human tumors and their preexisting high-fidelity (cognate) model(s) by leveraging drug perturbation profiles. As a proof of concept, we applied OncoLoop to prostate cancer using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) that recapitulate a broad spectrum of disease states, including castration-resistant, metastatic, and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Interrogation of human prostate cancer cohorts by Master Regulator (MR) conservation analysis revealed that most patients with advanced prostate cancer were represented by at least one cognate GEMM-derived tumor (GEMM-DT). Drugs predicted to invert MR activity in patients and their cognate GEMM-DTs were successfully validated in allograft, syngeneic, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of tumors and metastasis. Furthermore, OncoLoop-predicted drugs enhanced the efficacy of clinically relevant drugs, namely, the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab and the AR inhibitor enzalutamide.

Significance:

OncoLoop is a transcriptomic-based experimental and computational framework that can support rapid-turnaround coclinical studies to identify and validate drugs for individual patients, which can then be readily adapted to clinical practice. This framework should be applicable in many cancer contexts for which appropriate models and drug perturbation data are available.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247
Automatisiertes kontaktloses Mapping der Gesichtstopographie, 3-dimensionaler Druck und Silikonguss von Orbitalprothesen
Authors: Weisson Ernesto H. , Fittipaldi Mauro , Concepcion Carlos A. , Pelaez Daniel , Grace Landon , Tse David T.
Published: November 2022

Zweck: Eine Proof-of-Concept-Workflow-Studie zur Herstellung von maßgefertigten Orbitalprothesen nach Exenteration durch automatisierten kontaktlosen Scan, 3D-Druck und Silikonguss. Ausführung: Nicht vergleichende, interventionelle Fallreihe. · Setting: Monozentrische institutionelle Studie. · Studienpopulation: Drei Patienten, die das Tragen der vom Okularisten hergestellten Exenterationsprothese aufgrund veränderter Passform, Verfärbung oder Materialdegradation eingestellt haben. · Interventionsverfahren: Mithilfe kontaktlosen Gesichtstopographiemappings wurde ein digitales Abbild der exenterierten Augenhöhle und der kontralateralen periokularen Region erfasst. Die digitale Konstruktion der vorderen Prothesenoberfläche basierte auf dem gespiegelten Bild der kontralateralen Seite und die hintere Oberflächenkontur auf der Geometrie der Augenhöhle. Die Details der vorderen und hinteren Oberfläche wurden digital zusammengeführt. Im 3D-Drucker wurde eine zweiteilige Form entworfen und hergestellt. Mithilfe der Kolorimetrie wurde eine individuelle Pigmentmischung für das Shore 40-Silikonelastomer erstellt, um eine Prothese zu erzeugen, die dem Hautton des Patienten nahekommt. · Wichtigste Zielparameter: Prothesensymmetrie, Übereinstimmung mit Hautton, Tragekomfort und Kosmese. Ergebnisse: Das erste Exemplar jeder 3D-gedruckten Orbitalprothese, die in diesem Produktionsworkflow hergestellt wurde, wies eine gute Symmetrie, Farbübereinstimmung und Passgenauigkeit der Prothese auf. In einem Fall wurde das neu konturierte zweite Exemplar mit verbesserter Prothesenkante an der Haut in Abwesenheit des Patienten angefertigt. Fazit: Ein kontaktloser 3D-Scan, computergestütztes Design, 3D-Druck und Silikonguss zur Herstellung von Orbitalprothesen wurden entwickelt und validiert. Dieser Produktionsworkflow hat das Potenzial, effiziente, standardisierte und reproduzierbare Exenterationsprothesen zu liefern und die Haupthindernisse für erschwingliche maßgefertigte Prothesen weltweit zu überwinden: Zugänglichkeit und Kosten.
Introduction of a New ex vivo Porcine Coronary Artery Model: Evaluation of the Direct Vascular Injury after Stent Implantation with and without Dogbone Effect
Authors: Obermaier Lisa , Lehle Karla , Schmid Stefanie , Schmid Christof , Schratzenstaller Thomas
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Neointimal hyperplasia after percutaneous coronary intervention remains a major determinant of in-stent restenosis (ISR). The extent of mechanical vessel injury correlates with ISR. A new ex vivo porcine stent model was introduced and evaluated comparing different stent designs. Methods: Coronary arteries were prepared from pig hearts from the slaughterhouse and used for ex vivo implantations of coronary stents. One basic stent design in two configurations (dogbone, DB; nondogbone, NDB) was used. Vascular injury was determined according to a modified injury score (IS). Results: Standardized experimental conditions ensured comparable vessel dimensions and overstretch data. DB stents caused more severe IS compared to NDB stents. The mean IS and the IS at the distal end of all stents were significantly reduced for NDB stents (ISMean, DB, 1.16 ± 0.12; NDB, 1.02 ± 0.12; p = 0.018; ISDist, DB, 1.39 ± 0.28; NDB, 1.13 ± 0.24; p = 0.03). Discussion/Conclusion: The introduced ex vivo model allowed the evaluation of different stent designs, which exclude unfavorable stent designs.
Genome Tectonics: Linking Dynamic Genome Organization with Cellular Nutrients
Authors: Fleming Morgan , Nelson Fina , Wallace Iain , Eskiw Christopher H.
Published: November 2022

Background: Our daily intake of food provides nutrients for the maintenance of health, growth, and development. The field of nutrigenomics aims to link dietary intake/nutrients to changes in epigenetic status and gene expression. Summary: Although the relationship between our diet and our genes in under intense investigation, there is still a significant aspect of our genome that has received little attention with regard to this. In the past 15 years, the importance of genome organization has become increasingly evident, with research identifying small-scale local changes to large segments of the genome dynamically repositioning within the nucleus in response to/or mediating change in gene expression. The discovery of these dynamic processes and organization maybe as significant as dynamic plate tectonics is to geology, there is little information tying genome organization to specific nutrients or dietary intake. Key Messages: Here, we detail key principles of genome organization and structure, with emphasis on genome folding and organization, and link how these contribute to our future understand of nutrigenomics.
Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Eliciting Cardiorenal Protection Is a New Option for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Liu Wenyu , Yu Shengqiang
Published: November 2022

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) protect cardiorenal function by robust anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic functions beyond classical functions of maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The application of traditional steroidal MRAs to chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been limited by adverse events, especially when combined with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, guideline-recommend drugs for CKD patients. Recently, the development of nonsteroidal MRAs gives patients with CKD a promising option. Summary: The discovery of nonsteroidal MRAs is based on the molecular structure of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and differs in structure from spironolactone, a progesterone derivative. The structure of nonsteroidal MRAs determines their more effective and selective inhibition of MR providing patients more benefits with fewer adverse effects than MRAs. Recently, two types of nonsteroidal MRAs, finerenone and esaxerenone, have been authorized for clinical use. We elaborate on the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of MR, review the history of MRAs, compare two generations of MRAs, and introduce the forward clinical trials of finerenone and esaxerenone. Key Messages: Finerenone reduces the cardiovascular and kidney composite outcomes in diabetic patients with CKD eliciting a cardiorenal protection effect. Esaxerenone can effectively reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients and albuminuria in diabetic patients with CKD. The risk of hyperkalemia is controllable and acceptable through the serum potassium-based dose titrate. Combination therapy with sodium-glucose cotransport-2 inhibition or a new potassium binder may be a safer and more efficient approach.
A review of the genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg, 2004 from China (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)
Authors: TONG JUNBO , CHEN XIAOSHENG , ZHANG XIAONING , HUO LIZHI , WU GANG , PENG ZHENGQIANG , WANG XINGMIN
Published: November 2022

In the present study, the taxonomy of the genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg, 2004 from China is revised. The number of Chinese species of Sasajiscymnus was increased from thirty-five to sixty-four. Twenty-seven species are newly described: S. fusinus sp. nov., S. acutus sp. nov., S. cultratus sp. nov., S. subulatus sp. nov., S. lishanicus sp. nov., S. striatus sp. nov., S. wuliangshan sp. nov., S. aureus sp. nov., S. longus sp. nov., S. latus sp. nov., S. obliquus sp. nov., S. niganulus sp. nov., S. maculatus sp. nov., S. variabilis sp. nov., S. flexus sp. nov., S. sagittalis sp. nov., S. robustus sp. nov., S. atypicus sp. nov., S. intricatus sp. nov., S. pseudoamplus sp. nov., S. flavostictus sp. nov., S. falcatus sp. nov., S. parallelus sp. nov., S. tumidus sp. nov., S. guniujiang sp. nov., S. applanatus sp. nov., S. cuonaicus sp. nov. Two species are newly recorded from China: S. ocelliferus (Canepari, 1997) and S. nepalicus (Miyatake, 1985). Pseudoscymnus hamatus (Yu & Pang, 1993) is transferred to Sasajiscymnus (comb. nov.). Five species groups of Chinese Sasajiscymnus are proposed for the first time: S. sylvaticus species group, S. hareja species group, S. atypicus species group, S. amplus species group and S. kurohime species group. Keys to the species groups of Sasajiscymnus, as well as to species level within each species group are provided. Furthermore, maps of the species distribution and detailed descriptions to fifty-nine species are also given.
Three new species of Xenolepis Diakonoff, 1973 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from Thailand
Authors: THONONGTOR PHAWIN , MUADSUB SOPITA , JAIKLA SORAYA , PINKAEW NANTASAK
Published: November 2022

Three new species of Xenolepis Diakonoff, 1973 are described from Thailand: X. fissurarta Thonongtor & Pinkaew, sp. nov., X. apicula Thonongtor & Pinkaew, sp. nov., and X. cultrata Thonongtor & Pinkaew, sp. nov. The genus was previously known from Indonesia and India, so the new species represent the first records of the genus from Thailand. Illustrations of adults and male genitalia are provided. Females of the genus remain unknown. The new taxa increase the number of described Xenolepis species to five.
New data on Brazilian semiplanktonic gastrotrichs (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida)
Authors: MINOWA AXELL K. , GARRAFFONI ANDRÉ R. S.
Published: November 2022

Gastrotricha are free-living aquatic microinvertebrates with a ubiquitous distribution. With almost two centuries of accumulated knowledge, currently there are more than 860 described species, but our knowledge on Brazilian Gastrotricha is still far from complete. This statement is even more precise when considering freshwater semiplanktonic gastrotrichs. We aim to contribute to biodiversity knowledge of Brazilian gastrotrichofauna with new records of Dasydytes lamellatus Kisielewski, 1991, Haltidytes pseudosquamosus Minowa & Garraffoni, 2017 and Neogossea acantholla Kisielewski, 1991. We provide morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic data for these species, and the first electron microscopy record of D. lamellatus revealing previously inaccessible characters.
Taxonomy and natural history of the poorly known Dindigul shieldtail Uropeltis dindigalensis (Beddome, 1877) (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
Authors: GANESH S.R. , SAMPAIO FILIPA L. , GOWER DAVID J.
Published: November 2022

Uropeltis dindigalensis (Beddome, 1877) is a poorly known uropeltid (shieldtail) snake from peninsular India. Here we report morphological data for 14 preserved and nine uncollected specimens, most of which have not been previously reported. We designate a lectotype from the type series, describe it, and present the first published photographs of some of the type material. Recharacterization of U. dindigalensis clarifies its taxonomic distinctiveness and its geographical distribution. We report new natural-history observations from museum specimens and of individuals in life, including viviparity and feeding behaviour. The species is known only from the higher elevations of Sirumalai hills, in the southern end of the Eastern Ghats. Uropeltis dindigalensis appears somewhat capable of tolerating low-intensity agriculture. The main immediate conservation threats are probably greater intensity human activities, including road traffic, and possibly climate change given that the species is restricted to the uppermost elevations of a small hill range. The very small extent of occurrence within a single threat-defined location (none of which lies within a protected area), combined with decreasing quality and quantity of habitat, likely qualifies U. dindigalensis as Critically Endangered (or, at best, Endangered) under IUCN Red List criteria.
Atmospheric Sciences Bachelor’s Degree Recipients: Trends, Early Career Earnings, and Student Debt, 2015–19
Authors: Knox John A.
Published: November 2022

Data on the number and economic status of bachelor’s degree recipients are harder to access for the atmospheric sciences than for other similar fields. The U.S. Department of Education’s College Scorecard provides a new, comprehensive, and annually updated way to obtain these data. Five years of College Scorecard data are analyzed, revealing that from 2015 to 2019 the number of bachelor’s recipients in the United States was at least 700 annually, with a downward trend of about 13% over the period. Institution-specific data allow for a ranking of undergraduate programs by number of bachelor’s recipients that has been impossible to compile since the demise of the American Meteorological Society (AMS)–University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Curricula publication in the mid-2000s. Early career earnings data for federally aided students from larger programs compiled in the College Scorecard indicate that median first-year annual salaries by the end of the 2010s averaged about $35,000, with an increase to $45,000 by the third year. Median debt at graduation during the same period averaged slightly less than $25,000. In the future, College Scorecard data could be used to provide regular updates on atmospheric sciences students, graduates, and early career professionals at all degree levels. The AMS should partner with the American Institute of Physics’ Statistical Research Center to create and disseminate such reports.
Rescuing Public Health From the Global Capitalist Regime: The Public Health Liberation Movement in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chengpang , Chen Meei-Shia
Published: November 2022

In the past, scholars of academic dependency have tended to focus their discussions on social sciences while treating other fields as separate. They suggest that in order to escape dependency, alternative discourse and autonomy should be developed. In this paper, we examine the Public Health Liberation (PHL) movement in Taiwan and theorize on the marketization and medicalization of the healthcare system since the 1980s as a dependency syndrome. The PHL was initiated by a group of public health scholars—with the second author of this paper being one of its key protagonists—and frontline public health practitioners after the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003. Inspired by the mass mobilization model in public health in Asian and Latin American countries, particularly China, the Philippines, and Nicaragua, PHL trains grassroots public health educators, nurtures critical research, and has built a network of activists for radical public health reform in Taiwan. Based on participatory action research, this paper analyzes the emergence of this influential public health movement and situates it within the global context of neoliberal health reforms.
Personal Networks, State Financial Backing, and Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Kim Seungjun
Published: November 2022

The “new, new trade theory” argues that firm-specific attributes such as size explain why large firms predominantly engage in foreign direct investment (FDI) and thus reap most of the rewards of globalization. However, studies have neglected the importance of firms’ political influence over core financial institutions. I argue that large firms engage in greater FDI in part because of their political connections, which allow them to receive government loans in support of FDI. Using a unique, hand-coded dataset that includes 4936 directors of South Korean firms and these firms’ FDI announcements, I show that firms that place elite financial officials on their boards engage in greater FDI than firms without such board-member connections. Therefore, the outsized gains that large firms receive from globalization are dependent on their political ties to their home government.
Together or apart? Doing biographical research and oral history in an interdisciplinary context
Authors: Gałęziowski Jakub , Kaźmierska Kaja
Published: November 2022

This article compares research and analytical approaches with biographical materials in the fields of biographical research in sociology and oral history practised by a historian. The reflection is based on the experience of long-term cooperation between biographical sociologists and oral historians in the Polish research context. These contacts have created a space for the fruitful exchange of experiences in the field as well as for strengthening the researchers’ distinctiveness and disciplinary identity. It also makes it possible to identify various concerns, both mutual and individual, for each research field. The main objective of this article is to share perspectives, highlight the similarities and differences between the two disciplines, and to show concerns related to the practice of oral history and biographical research, especially those close to the boundaries between the two approaches when they use the same tool, that is, the autobiographical narrative interview. The first section of the article focuses on the specifics of each approach. It then describes the different results of the common research practice and their consequences in relation to anonymising, archiving and reanalysing the data. Ethical issues are embedded into the whole course of our argument.
Executive Function Profiles of Kindergarteners and First Graders at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Cumming Michelle M. , Poling Daniel V. , Qiu Yuxi , Prykanowski Debra A. , Lumpkins Aniva , Daunic Ann P. , Corbett Nancy , Smith Stephen W.
Published: November 2022

Executive function (EF), a set of neurocognitive processes, is central to students’ emotional and behavioral well-being. Despite students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) being at risk for negative long-term outcomes, there is a paucity of EF research with students at risk for EBD in early elementary school, an important identification and intervention period. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional latent profile analysis with a sample of 1,154 kindergarteners and first graders identified as at risk for EBD to determine whether unique EF profiles existed and the extent to which profile membership was related to distinct patterns of functioning. Results indicated a theoretically supported, three-profile solution of mildly, moderately, and clinically at-risk EF profiles. Differences between EF profiles were noted such that students with moderately and clinically at-risk EF profiles demonstrated more problematic behaviors, less social competence, and greater language difficulties. We discuss implications for early identification, intervention efforts, and future research.