bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleeping beauties in the otolaryngology–head & neck surgery literature
Authors: Coelho Daniel H. , Kirk Andrew , Miller Derrick , Hasan Kaazim , Fenton John E.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

“Sleeping Beauties” (SBs) are articles that receive little attention in the literature for many years after publication but suddenly “awaken” at a later date to greatly increased relevance. This effort represents the first attempt at identifying SBs within the otolaryngology literature.

Methods

The Web of Science Database was queried for all papers under the section “Otolaryngology” between 1945 and 2007. All papers were assigned a “Beauty Coefficient” (B), based on an a priori formula. Three groups were analyzed: 1) highest overall SBs, 2) clinically significant SBs (papers with greater than 100 total citations), and 3) modern SBs (published 1988 and later).

Results

80,532 papers were identified, with SB able to be calculated in 79,523. Papers spanned a wide array of topics within the Otolaryngology literature. Unlike analysis of SBs in other disciplines, no obvious patterns or themes appeared consistently within or between any of the three groups.

Conclusions

This study represents the first known analysis of SBs in our field. While no obvious patterns or unifying themes were observed, this analysis highlights the clinical impact of SBs and underscores the idea that in this surgical field, important ideas may be proposed “ahead of their time.”

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 130:609–614, 2020
Clinical scribes and their association with patient experience in the otolaryngology clinic
Authors: Rohlfing Matthew L. , Keefe Katherine R. , Komshian Sevan R. , Valentine Alex D. , Noordzij J. Pieter , Levi Jessica R. , Brook Christopher D.
Published: May 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

Electronic health records have brought many advantages but also placed a documentation burden on the provider during and after the clinic visit. Some otolaryngologists have countered this challenge by employing clinical scribes. This project aimed to better understand the influence of scribes on patient experience in the otolaryngology clinic.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort survey study.

Methods

Patients presenting to the otolaryngology clinic for new and follow‐up appointments were recruited to complete surveys about their experience.

Results

A total of 153 patients completed the survey, and 96 of those patients (62.7%) interacted with a scribe. Patient satisfaction was not significantly associated with participation of the scribe (P = .668). Similarly, patient rating of their physician on a scale of 1 to 10 was not associated with scribe involvement (P = .851). The patients who did interact with a scribe responded that the scribe positively impacted the visit 77.1% of the time. Participation of a resident, primary language other than English, and use of interpreter were associated with lower satisfaction (P = .004, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively).

Conclusions

There are no published data on the effect of scribes on patient experience in the otolaryngology clinic. In other specialties, scribes have been demonstrated as having a positive effect on provider satisfaction, clinical productivity, and patient perception. These data demonstrate that patient satisfaction was neither impaired nor improved by the presence of the scribe in this clinic. In light of benefits demonstrated by prior studies, these findings support the conclusion that scribes are a useful adjunct in providing high‐level otolaryngology care.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 130:E134–E139, 2020
Does the accuracy of case history affect interpretation of videolaryngostroboscopic exams?
Authors: Sauder Cara , Nevdahl Martin , Kapsner‐Smith Mara , Merati Albert , Eadie Tanya
Published: May 2019

Objective

To determine the effect of initial diagnostic hypotheses on clinicians’ 1) detection and perceived severity of abnormalities, and 2) clinical impressions and treatment recommendations for individuals with and without voice disorders following interpretation of videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS).

Methods

Thirty‐two experienced speech‐language pathologists and otolaryngologists specializing in voice disorders read case histories prior to interpreting exams. Case histories suggested specific accurate or inaccurate laryngeal diagnoses, or a control scenario that suggested a normal larynx. The effects of the accuracy of case histories on perceived severity of associated visual‐perceptual parameters, clinical impressions, and treatment recommendations were examined.

Results

Significant increases in perceived severity of posterior laryngeal appearance (P < 0.05) and mucosal wave (P < 0.02) were observed when these abnormalities were suggested by case histories. Overall agreement with clinical impressions improved from 49% to 72% when the case history was consistent with the examination. Case histories (accurate and inaccurate) indicating voice symptoms predicted recommendations for treatment above and beyond that of VLS presentation alone, P < 0.001.

Conclusion

Case histories suggesting specific abnormalities significantly affected severity ratings for two of three associated visual‐perceptual parameters selected as primary outcome measures. Accurate case histories suggesting specific abnormalities increased the probability of detection and perceived severity. Inaccurate case histories led to false‐positive findings and failures to detect abnormalities or to interpret them as less severe. Case histories affected visual‐perceptual judgments and contributed to decisions about clinical impressions and treatment.

Level of Evidence

2b

Laryngoscope, 130:718–725, 2020
An overview of endoscopic ear surgery in 2018
Authors: Kapadiya Mustafa , Tarabichi Muaaz
Published: May 2019

Objective

To provide an overview of Endoscopic Ear Surgery, its development, principles, and penetration in otology practice in 2018.

Data Source

PubMed review of literature and cross‐sectional email survey of otologists.

Methods

We reviewed all PubMed published articles on use of endoscopy in practice of otology over the last 50 years. Articles were categorized based on date of publication and pattern of utilizing the endoscope. We also conducted two identical email surveys in 2010 and 2018 of otologists on the use of endoscope and tabulated and compared results.

Results

The number of publications on use of endoscope has increased from 6 in 1990 to an accumulated total of 451 in 2018. There has been a clear shift in the area of interest away from diagnostic endoscopy, to endoscope‐assisted surgery, and lately, to transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES). Survey results further documented the increased awareness of the value of the endoscope and its increased use in clinical practice.

Conclusion

TEES has gained traction as a subject of research interest and in clinical practice and has lately dominated the discussion on the use of endoscope in otology.

Level of Evidence

NA
Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Selective Biological Recognition
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhang Nan , Xu Yarong , Li Zhiling , Yan Chaoren , Mei Kun , Ding Minling , Ding Shichao , Guan Ping , Qian Liwei , Du Chunbao , Hu Xiaoling
Published: May 2019

Molecular imprinting is an approach of generating imprinting cavities in polymer structures that are compatible with the target molecules. The cavities have memory for shape and chemical recognition, similar to the recognition mechanism of antigen–antibody in organisms. Their structures are also called biomimetic receptors or synthetic receptors. Owing to the excellent selectivity and unique structural predictability of molecularly imprinted materials (MIMs), practical MIMs have become a rapidly evolving research area providing key factors for understanding separation, recognition, and regenerative properties toward biological small molecules to biomacromolecules, even cell and microorganism. In this review, the characteristics, morphologies, and applicability of currently popular carrier materials for molecular imprinting, especially the fundamental role of hydrogels, porous materials, hierarchical nanoparticles, and 2D materials in the separation and recognition of biological templates are discussed. Moreover, through a series of case studies, emphasis is given on introducing imprinting strategies for biological templates with different molecular scales. In particular, the differences and connections between small molecular imprinting (bulk imprinting, “dummy” template imprinting, etc.), large molecular imprinting (surface imprinting, interfacial imprinting, etc.), and cell imprinting strategies are demonstrated in detail. Finally, future research directions are provided.
The influence of initial symptoms on phenotypes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Xu Hao‐Ling , Su Qiu‐Ni , Shang Xian‐Jin , Sikandar Arif , Lin Min‐Ting , Wang Ning , Lin Hong , Gan Shi‐Rui
Published: May 2019

Background

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a rare, inherited form of ataxia that leads to progressive neurodegeneration. The initial symptoms could affect clinical phenotypes in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the contribution of initial symptoms to the phenotypes of SCA3 has been scarcely investigated.

Methods

In the present study, 143 SCA3 patients from China were recruited and divided into two groups of gait‐onset and non‐gait‐onset. For determining the influences of initial symptoms on age at onset (AAO), the severity and progression of ataxia, and the possible factors affecting the initial symptoms, multivariable linear regression, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results

We found that the frequency of gait‐onset was 87.41%, and the frequency of non‐gait‐onset was 12.59% (diplopia: 7.69%, dysarthria: 4.20%, dystonia: 0.70%). Compared to the non‐gait‐onset group, the gait‐onset group had significantly more severe ataxia (p = 0.046), while the initial symptoms had no effect on AAO (p = 0.109) and progression of ataxia (p = 0.265). We failed to find the existence of any factors affecting initial symptoms.

Conclusion

These findings collectively suggested that initial symptoms influenced phenotypes in SCA3 and that neurodegeneration in different parts of brain may induce different disease severity in SCA3.
Metabolic Fate and Distribution of 2´‐Fucosyllactose: Direct Influence on Gut Microbial Activity but not on Brain
Authors: Kuntz Sabine , Kunz Clemens , Borsch Christian , Vazquez Enrique , Buck Rachael , Reutzel Martina , Eckert Gunter Peter , Rudloff Silvia
Published: May 2019

Scope

2´‐Fucosyllactose (2´FL) is an abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. It is hypothesized that its brain enrichment is associated with improved learning. Accumulation of 2´FL in organs, biological fluids, and feces is assessed in wild‐type and germ‐free mice.

Methods and results

13C‐labelled 2´FL is applied to NMRI wild‐type mice intravenously (0.2 g kg−1) or orally (1 g kg−1), while controls receive saline. Biological samples are collected (0.5–15 h) and 13C‐enrichment is measured by elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS). After oral application, 2´FL is primarily eliminated in the feces. 13C‐enrichment in organs including the brain follows the same pattern as in plasma with a maximum peak after 5 h. However, 13C‐enrichment is only detected when the 13C‐2´FL bolus reaches the colon. In contrast, in germ‐free mice, the 13C‐bolus remains in the intestinal content and is expelled via the feces. Furthermore, intravenously applied 13C‐2´FL is eliminated via urine; no 13C‐enrichment of organs is observed, suggesting that intact 2´FL is not retained.

Conclusions

13C‐enrichment in brain and other organs after oral application of 13C‐2´FL in wild‐type mice indicates cleaved fucose or other gut microbial 2´FL metabolites may be incorporated, as opposed to intact 2´FL.
A DGS monopole antenna loaded with U‐shape stub for UWB MIMO applications
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Chu Son , Bashir Shahid
Published: May 2019

A defected ground structure‐based rectangular monopole antenna along with 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antennas are presented. The proposed monopole antenna consists of a defected ground structure with two slits and a notch placed at optimum positions to increase the impedance bandwidth. Besides, the radiator is loaded with a U‐shape stub to improve the impedance matching of the antenna. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed monopole antenna is from 3.18 to 11.5 GHz. Time domain experiment is carried on to investigate the dispersion characteristics of the proposed antenna. Measurement results reveal that the proposed antenna can retain the transmitted pulse shape, ensuring dispersion‐free communication. Far‐field measurements confirm omnidirectional radiation patterns over the operating bandwidth. Moreover, MIMO performance of the proposed 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 antenna arrays are evaluated based on isolation, envelop correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity loss. The proposed single monopole and MIMO versions of this antenna can be used in portable UWB communication devices.
AAPM task group 224: Comprehensive proton therapy machine quality assurance
Authors: Arjomandy Bijan , Taylor Paige , Ainsley Christopher , Safai Sairos , Sahoo Narayan , Pankuch Mark , Farr Jonathan B. , Yong Park Sung , Klein Eric , Flanz Jacob , Yorke Ellen D. , Followill David , Kase Yuki
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Task Group (TG) 224 was established by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine's Science Council under the Radiation Therapy Committee and Work Group on Particle Beams. The group was charged with developing comprehensive quality assurance (QA) guidelines and recommendations for the three commonly employed proton therapy techniques for beam delivery: scattering, uniform scanning, and pencil beam scanning. This report supplements established QA guidelines for therapy machine performance for other widely used modalities, such as photons and electrons (TG 142, TG 40, TG 24, TG 22, TG 179, and Medical Physics Practice Guideline 2a) and shares their aims of ensuring the safe, accurate, and consistent delivery of radiation therapy dose distributions to patients. Methods: To provide a basis from which machine‐specific QA procedures can be developed, the report first describes the different delivery techniques and highlights the salient components of the related machine hardware. Depending on the particular machine hardware, certain procedures may be more or less important, and each institution should investigate its own situation. Results: In lieu of such investigations, this report identifies common beam parameters that are typically checked, along with the typical frequencies of those checks (daily, weekly, monthly, or annually). The rationale for choosing these checks and their frequencies is briefly described. Short descriptions of suggested tools and procedures for completing some of the periodic QA checks are also presented. Conclusion: Recommended tolerance limits for each of the recommended QA checks are tabulated, and are based on the literature and on consensus data from the clinical proton experience of the task group members. We hope that this and other reports will serve as a reference for clinical physicists wishing either to establish a proton therapy QA program or to evaluate an existing one.
Resetting the table for people and plants: Botanic gardens and research organizations collaborate to address food and agricultural plant blindness
Authors: Krishnan Sarada , Moreau Tara , Kuehny Jeff , Novy Ari , Greene Stephanie L. , Khoury Colin K.
Published: May 2019

Societal Impact Statement

Food and agricultural plants are integral to human well‐being. Due to their universal importance, such plants would appear to represent an ideal entryway by which to address plant blindness. However, with limited opportunities for direct contact with agriculture, many people cannot appreciate the flora that feed us every day. We provide examples of informal education initiatives aimed at increasing public awareness and appreciation of food and agricultural plants, made possible through collaborations between botanic gardens, academic institutions, nonprofits, and agricultural research organizations. We hope these examples encourage and inspire organizations to further utilize food and agricultural plants to tackle plant blindness.

Of the myriad gifts plants provide to humanity, food is among the most visible, as everyone needs to eat, every single day. Due to their universal importance, food and agricultural plants would appear to represent ideal entryways to address plant blindness. Yet increasing urbanization worldwide and decreasing proportions of the global workforce in agriculture are limiting opportunities for people to have direct, hands‐on experiences with food and agricultural plants outside of retail purchasing, meal preparation, and food consumption. This disconnect is troubling, especially as the challenges to the sustainability of our future food supply necessitate that society, and certainly elected decision‐makers, have the capacity to understand the potential benefits, risks, and tradeoffs inherent to agriculture and its advancing technologies. We outline opportunities to address agricultural plant blindness with emphasis on current complex issues within the food and agriculture sector. We provide examples of fruitful collaborations between botanic gardens, academic institutions, nonprofits, and agricultural research organizations that engage people around these issues.
Cystic fibrosis year in review 2018, part 2
Authors: Savant Adrienne P. , McColley Susanna A.
Published: May 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) research and case reports were robust in the year 2018. This report summarizes publications related the multisystem effects of CF, pulmonary exacerbations, new and expanded therapies other than cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator studies, and patient‐reported priorities and outcomes.
Characterization of the novel cardiolipin binding regions identified on the protease and lipid activated PKC‐related kinase 1
Authors: Lin Jason L. J.
Published: May 2019

Protein kinase C‐related kinase 1 (PRK1) or PKN is a protease and lipid activated protein kinase that acted downstream of the RhoA or Rac1 pathway. PRK1 comprises a unique regulatory domain and a PKC homologous kinase domain. The regulatory domain of PRK1 consists of homologous region −1 (HR1) and −2 (HR2). PRK1‐(HR1) features a pseudosubstrate motif that overlapped with the putative cardiolipin and known RhoA binding sites. In fact, cardiolipin is the most potent lipid activator for PRK1 in respect of its either auto‐ or substrate phosphorylation activity. This study was thus aimed to characterize the binding region(s) of cardiolipin that was previously suggested for the regulatory domain of PRK1. The principal findings of this work established (i) PRK1‐(HR1) folded into an active conformation where high affinity binding sites (mainly located in HR1a subdomain) were accessible for cardiolipin binding to protect against limited Lys‐C digestion, (ii) the binding nature between acidic phospholipids and PRK1 (HR1) involved both polar and nonpolar components consistent with the amphipathic nature of the known cardiolipin‐binding motifs, (iii) identification of the molecule masses of the Lys‐C fragments of PRK1‐(HR1) complexed with cardiolipin molecule, and (iv) appreciable reductions in the secondary structural contents at 222 nm measured by circular dichroism analyses demonstrated the binding of cardiolipin elicited the disruptive effect that was most evident among all phospholipids tested, suggestive of a functional correlation between the extents of helical disruption and PRK1 activation.
Modelling changes in trout habitat following stream restoration
Authors: Richer Eric E. , Gates Emily A. , Kondratieff Matt C. , Herdrich Adam T.
Published: May 2019

Stream restoration was implemented on the Upper Arkansas River near Leadville, Colorado, to improve brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Metals pollution and channel disturbance associated with historic mining, land use, and water development degraded aquatic and riparian habitat. Changes in instream habitat quality following restoration were investigated with a before–after–control–impact study design. Baseline, as‐built, and effectiveness surveys were conducted in 2013, 2014, and 2016, respectively. Two‐dimensional hydrodynamic modelling with River2D was used to estimate weighted usable area (WUA) for adult, juvenile, fry, and spawning brown trout across a range of flows. WUA was calculated from habitat suitability curves for velocity, depth, and channel substrate. Foraging positions (FP) and habitat heterogeneity were also evaluated as indices of habitat quality. All results were analysed with analysis of variance. At impact sites, WUA increased by 12.2% from 2013 to 2014 but decreased by 10.2% from 2014 to 2016, whereas FP increased by 24.8% from 2013 to 2014 but decreased by 26.1% from 2014 to 2016. Spawning habitat increased 53.3% from 2014 to 2016 at impact sites. The 15.4% increase in depth variability from 2013 to 2016 indicates that habitat heterogeneity was enhanced at impact sites. No changes in WUA, FP, or habitat heterogeneity were observed at control sites. Although changes in WUA and FP suggest that initial habitat improvements were not sustained, increased spawning habitat and depth heterogeneity suggest otherwise. Our results highlight the value of monitoring strategies that utilize multiple lines of evidence to evaluate restoration effectiveness, inform adaptive management, and improve restoration practices.
Nickel Promoted Palladium Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis of Carbohydrazide Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Guo Min , Wang Haining , Cui Liting , Zhang Jin , Xiang Yan , Lu Shanfu
Published: May 2019

Carbohydrazide is a potential alternative to toxic hydrazine for fuel cell applications to overcome the challenges of storage and transportation of hydrogen. In this work, Ni‐alloyed Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with varied Pd–Ni ratios supported on carbon black (PdNix/C) are prepared and their catalytic performance for the carbohydrazide electro‐oxidation reaction is investigated. The catalytic performance of PdNix/C NPs is significantly improved in comparison to Pd/C NPs. The current density of PdNix/C NPs with optimized Pd–Ni atom ratio can reach 3.26 A mg−1metal at a potential of 0.4 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), which is an increase of 2.4 times compared to that of Pd/C. The density functional theory calculation indicates the enhanced catalytic activity is caused by the change of adsorption energy of carbohydrazide molecules on the metal surface. It exhibits a volcano relationship between the adsorption energy and the catalytic current density of PdNix/C with varied Pd–Ni atom ratios.
The Influence of Holding Time on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a 58CrMnSiNiMo Wear‐Resistant Cast Steel during Diffusion Annealing
Authors: Pei Zhong-zheng , Song Ren-bo , Xu Jie , Feng Yi-fan
Published: May 2019

The microstructure and mechanical properties of a 58CrMnSiNiMo wear‐resistant cast steel with or without diffusion annealing heat treatment are investigated. The results reveal a microstructural inhomogeneity and variation in the chemical composition of the steel without diffusion annealing, and the microstructural inhomogeneity is characterized by a dislocation substructure in the lath martensite and a twin substructure in the lenticular martensite. After diffusion annealing, the inhomogeneity is effectively reduced, and some complicated lath orientations are produced. With an increase in the diffusion annealing holding time, the average spacing of the martensite laths increases by 54.48%, with a value of 0.79 μm. After diffusion annealing, the second‐phase precipitates, mainly identified as M7C3 and M23C6 carbides, accelerate the division/formation of packet boundaries, block boundaries, and lath boundaries, and pin the packet boundaries and block boundaries. The diffusion annealing process significantly improves the ultimate tensile strength and toughness of the experimental steel from 1775 MPa and 44 J cm−2 to a maximum of 2029 MPa and 143.1 J cm−2, respectively. After diffusion annealing, an increase in the toughness is attributed to high density dislocations in the martensite laths as well as thin lamellae of retained austenite between or around the corners of these laths.
Comparative analysis of 2‐year outcomes in GRIT and TRUFFLE trials
Authors: Ganzevoort W. , Thornton J. G. , Marlow N. , Thilaganathan B. , Arabin B. , Prefumo F. , Lees C. , Wolf H. ,   for the GRIT Study Group,   the TRUFFLE Study Group
Published: May 2019

Objective

To explore the effect on perinatal outcome of different fetal monitoring strategies for early‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Methods

This was a cohort analysis of individual participant data from two European multicenter trials of fetal monitoring methods for FGR: the Growth Restriction Intervention Study (GRIT) and the Trial of Umbilical and Fetal Flow in Europe (TRUFFLE).
All women from GRIT (n = 238) and TRUFFLE (n = 503) who were randomized between 26 and 32 weeks' gestation were included. The women were grouped according to intervention and monitoring method: immediate delivery (GRIT) or delayed delivery with monitoring by conventional cardiotocography (CTG) (GRIT), computerized CTG (cCTG) only (GRIT and TRUFFLE) or cCTG and ductus venosus (DV) Doppler (TRUFFLE). The primary outcome was survival without neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years of age.

Results

Gestational age at delivery and birth weight were similar in both studies. Fetal death rate was similar between the GRIT and TRUFFLE groups, but neonatal and late death were more frequent in GRIT (18% vs 6%; P < 0.01). The rate of survival without impairment at 2 years was lowest in pregnancies that underwent immediate delivery (70% (95% CI, 61–78%)) or delayed delivery with monitoring by CTG (69% (95% CI, 57–82%)), increased in those monitored using cCTG only in both GRIT (80% (95% CI, 68–91%)) and TRUFFLE (77% (95% CI, 70–84%)), and was highest in pregnancies monitored using cCTG and DV Doppler (84% (95% CI, 80–89%)) (P < 0.01 for trend).

Conclusions

This analysis supports the hypothesis that the optimal method for fetal monitoring in pregnancies complicated by early‐onset FGR is a combination of cCTG and DV Doppler assessment.

Trial Registration: GRIT ISRCTN41358726 and TRUFFLE ISRCTN56204499. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Erratum to: Phialosimplex salinarum, a new species of Eurotiomycetes from a hypersaline habitat
Authors: Greiner Katrin , Peršoh Derek , Weig Alfons , Rambold Gerhard
Published: May 2019

On p. 170 in this paper, published online on 9 October 2014, the spelling adopted for the name of the new combination “Phialosimplex halophila” should be corrected to “Phialosimplex halophilus”. This is an orthographic error which is correctable under the Code (Art. 60. 12) and so does not necessitate a new MycoBank number.
Restricted Maximin surfaces and HRT in generic black hole spacetimes
Authors: Marolf Donald , Wall Aron C. , Wang Zhencheng
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The AdS/CFT understanding of CFT entanglement is based on HRT surfaces in the dual bulk spacetime. While such surfaces need not exist in sufficiently general spacetimes, the maximin construction demonstrates that they can be found in any smooth asymptotically locally AdS spacetime without horizons or with only Kasner-like singularities. In this work, we introduce restricted maximin surfaces anchored to a particular boundary Cauchy slice C
∂ . We show that the result agrees with the original unrestricted maximin prescription when the restricted maximin surface lies in a smooth region of spacetime. We then use this construction to extend the existence theorem for HRT surfaces to generic charged or spinning AdS black holes whose mass-inflation singularities are not Kasner-like. We also discuss related issues in time-independent charged wormholes.
Real-virtual corrections to Higgs boson pair production at NNLO: three closed top quark loops
Authors: Davies Joshua , Herren Florian , Mishima Go , Steinhauser Matthias
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We compute the real-radiation corrections, i.e. the virtual corrections to the single real emission of a parton, to Higgs boson pair production at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD, in an expansion for large top quark mass. We concentrate on the radiative corrections to the interference contribution from the next-to-leading order one-particle reducible and the leading order amplitudes. This is a well defined and gauge invariant subset of the full real-virtual corrections to the inclusive cross section. We obtain analytic results for all phase-space master integrals both as an expansion around the threshold and in an exact manner in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms. We demonstrate that for many applications it is sufficient to use the expanded expressions.
Obliterating Thingness: An Introduction to the “What” and the “So What” of Quantum Physics
Authors: Schaffer Kathryn , Barreto Lemos Gabriela
Published: May 2019

This essay provides a short introduction to the ideas and potential implications of quantum physics for scholars in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Quantum-inspired ideas pepper current discourse in all of these fields, in ways that range from playful metaphors to sweeping ontological claims. We explain several of the most important concepts at the core of quantum theory, carefully delineating the scope and bounds of currently established science, in order to aid the evaluation of such claims. In particular, we emphasize that the smallest units of matter and light, as described in quantum physics, are notthings, meaning that they do not obey the logic we take for granted when discussing the behavior of macroscopic objects. We also highlight the substantial debate that exists within physics about the interpretation of the equations and empirical results at the core of quantum physics, noting that implicit (and contested) philosophical commitments necessarily accompany any discussion of quantum ideas that takes place in non-technical language.
Thromboinflammation as bioactivity assessment of H2O2-alkali modified titanium surfaces
Authors: Hulsart-Billström Gry , Janson Oscar , Engqvist Håkan , Welch Ken , Hong Jaan
Published: May 2019

The release of growth factors from platelets, mediated by the coagulation and the complement system, plays an important role in the bone formation around implants. This study aimed at exploring the thromboinflammatory response of H2O2-alkali soaked commercially pure titanium grade 2 discs exposed to whole human blood, as a way to assess the bioactivity of the discs. Commercially pure titanium grade 2 discs were modified by soaking in H2O2, NaOH and Ca(OH)2. The platelet aggregation, coagulation activation and complement activation was assessed by exposing the discs to fresh whole blood from human donors. The platelet aggregation was examined by a cell counter and the coagulation and complement activation were assessed by ELISA-measurements of the concentration of thrombin-antithrombin complex, C3a and terminal complement complex. The modified surface showed a statistically significant increased platelet aggregation, coagulation activation and complement activation compared to unexposed blood. The surface also showed a statistically significant increase of coagulation activation compared to PVC. The results of this study showed that the H2O2-alkali soaked surfaces induced a thromboinflammatory response that indicates that the surfaces are bioactive.
Pathogenesis of brain damage in glutaric acidemia type I: Lessons from the genetic mice model
Authors: Wajner Moacir , Amaral Alexandre Umpierrez , Leipnitz Guilhian , Seminotti Bianca
Published: May 2019

Glutaric acidemia type I (GA I) is an inherited neurometabolic disease caused by deficient activity of the mitochondrial enzyme glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH), resulting in predominant accumulation of glutaric and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids derived from lysine (Lys), hydroxylysine, and tryptophan catabolism. GA I patients usually present progressive cortical leukodystrophy and frequently develop acute striatal degeneration during encephalopathic crises during the first three years of life. The pathophysiology of the neurodegeneration observed in GA I is still partly known, although the development of the genetic mice model of GA I (Gcdh−/−) has contributed to clarify potential underlying mechanisms involved in brain damage in this disease. In this review we will summarize the knowledge acquired from studies using this animal model indicating that disruption of redox homeostasis, glutamatergic neurotransmission and bioenergetics, as well as vascular alterations, blood‐brain barrier breakage and altered myelination underlie the cortical and striatum abnormalities and white matter changes observed in GA I patients. Elucidation of these pathomechanisms potentially offers new standpoints for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this disease.
Predicting Soybean Yield with NDVI Using a Flexible Fourier Transform Model
Authors: Xu Chang , Katchova Ani L.
Published: May 2019

We use models incorporating the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from remote sensing satellites to improve soybean yield predictions in 10 major producing states in the United States. Unlike traditional methods that assume an ordinary least squares model applies to all observations, we allow for global flexibility in the relationship between NDVI and soybean yield by using the flexible Fourier transform (FFT) model. FFT results confirm that there is a nonlinear response of soybean yield to NDVI over the growing season. Out-of-sample predictions indicate that allowing for global flexibility with the FFT improves the predictions in time-series prediction and forecasting.
Liability of Banks for Aiding Tax Evasion: A Comparative Analysis of German and UK Law
Authors: WILKE Malte , MACPHERSON Alisdair
Published: May 2019

This article compares the regulatory liability of German banks for aiding tax evasion under the German Act on Regulatory Offences with the UK corporate offences of failure to prevent the facilitation of tax evasion under the Criminal Finances Act (CFA) 2017. The study demonstrates that the approaches share some similarities; however, major differences are also evident. Unlike the German approach, the CFA provisions are designed as strict liability provisions, whereas the German regulatory offence requires an intentional or negligent omission to take the supervisory measures required to prevent contraventions of the law. Moreover, the scope of the offences under UK law is wider than the scope of their German equivalent. In addition, the CFA provisions do not place financial limits on the fines that can be imposed. Because of these differences, the CFA is likely to be more effective in preventing banks from aiding tax evasion than its German counterpart. Consideration should therefore be given to reforming German law to make it more like its UK equivalent, especially in the post-Panama Papers world.
A viscous damping model for piston mode resonance
Authors: Tan L. , Lu L. , Tang G.-Q. , Cheng L. , Chen X.-B.
Published: May 2019

A viscous damping model is proposed based on a simplified equation of fluid motion in a moonpool or the narrow gap formed by two fixed boxes. The model takes into account the damping induced by both flow separation and wall friction through two damping coefficients, namely, the local and friction loss coefficients. The local loss coefficient is determined through specifically designed physical model tests in this work, and the friction loss coefficient is estimated through an empirical formula found in the literature. The viscous damping model is implemented in the dynamic free-surface boundary condition in the gap of a modified potential flow model. The modified potential flow model is then applied to simulate the wave-induced fluid responses in a narrow gap formed by two fixed boxes and in a moonpool for which experimental data are available. The modified potential flow model with the proposed viscous damping model works well in capturing both the resonant amplitude and frequency under a wide range of damping conditions.
Stability and hysteresis of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells
Authors: Li Jing , Li Xiaochen , Liao Shijun
Published: May 2019

The instability of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells is investigated experimentally and theoretically. A novel hydrodynamic model involving capillary action is proposed to capture the variation of the dynamic contact line between two close walls of narrow containers. The amplitude equations are derived from the gap-averaged model. By means of Lyapunov’s first method, a good prediction of the onset threshold of forcing acceleration is obtained, which shows the model’s validity for addressing the stability problem for Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells. It is found that the effect of the dynamic contact line is much greater than that of Poiseuille assumption of velocity profile for the cases under investigation. A new dispersion relation is obtained, which agrees well with experimental data. However, we highly recommend the conventional dispersion relation for gravity–capillary waves, which can generally meet common needs. Surface tension is found to be a key factor of interface flows in Hele-Shaw cells. According to our experimental observations, a liquid film is found on the front wall of the Hele-Shaw cell when the wave is falling. As a property of the friction coefficient from molecular kinetics, wet and dry plates show different wetting procedures. Unlike some authors of previous publications, we attribute the hysteresis to the out-of-plane interface shape rather than to detuning, i.e. the difference between natural frequency and response frequency.
The Impact of Funding Models on the Education of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sharma Umesh , Furlonger Brett , Forlin Chris
Published: May 2019

Currently, there is no consensus as how best to fund inclusive education for students with autism spectrum disorder. In this narrative review, we examined a range of funding models internationally in an attempt to identify the range of best practices for resourcing inclusive education. Three databases were searched along with various policy documents to identify the range of existing funding models. Three models of input, throughput, and output funding were identified from which 7 key considerations were extrapolated to provide what was expected to be relevant information to policymakers, researchers, and educators seeking to discover effective ways to fund inclusive education for students with autism spectrum disorder.
Radiocarbon AMS Dating of Mesolithic Human Remains from Poland
Authors: Piotrowska Natalia , Tomczyk Jacek , Pawełczyk Sławomira , Stanaszek Łukasz M
Published: May 2019

Biological studies on Mesolithic human remains from the Polish region are a rare subject of scientific research due to the limited number of these relics and their poor state of preservation. From the project titled “Old material with new methods: Using the latest bio-chemical analysis in studies of Mesolithic human remains from the Polish areas,” the radiocarbon (14C) dating of bones using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been performed. For these experiments, the gelatin was extracted from bones, and its quality evaluated by the C/Nat ratio and the stable isotope composition of both carbon and nitrogen. The 14C results have been obtained for 11 bone samples from 5 sites, and throughout this work the results of two preparation methods are compared. The simple gelatin extraction provided material with unsatisfactory collagen quality indicators, while additional alkali treatment allowed us to obtain much more reliable, and generally older, results. Additionally, analysis on VIRI/SIRI samples were conducted to test the developed method. Only seven of the investigated bone samples yielded ages within Mesolithic period, and the most reliable dates range from 5800 to 6800 cal BC. One sample was not datable, and two were shown to be much younger than expected.
ALGEBRAIC SURFACES WITH INFINITELY MANY TWISTOR LINES
Authors: ALTAVILLA A. , BALLICO E.
Published: May 2019

We prove that a reduced and irreducible algebraic surface in $\mathbb{CP}^{3}$ containing infinitely many twistor lines cannot have odd degree. Then, exploiting the theory of quaternionic slice regularity and the normalisation map of a surface, we give constructive existence results for even degrees.
A Fifteenth-Century Cabalistic Memorandum Formerly in Morgan Ms 775
Authors: Swanton M. J.
Published: May 2019

Morgan MS 775 is a volume of various items assembled on behalf of Sir John Astley (ob. 1486), well known during the middle years of the fifteenth century as a leading figure in the tournament field. It comprises various ordinances of chivalry, heralds' regulations and similar items of interest to a gentleman at arms. As commonly in such MSS, blank pages at quire-ends and elsewhere were utilized to copy down brief recipes and other minor memoranda.
Genesis 34 in Jewish Writings of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods
Authors: Pummer Reinhard
Published: May 2019

In a very interesting and perceptive article, John J. Collins has reexamined Theodotus' epic Περι ᾽Iουδαίων. As opposed to the opinion that was prevalent until recently, i.e., that Theodotus was a Samaritan, Collins attempts to show that he was not only not a Samaritan, but that, on the contrary, his poem was directed against the latter group. He characterizes Theodotus as “a militant and exclusivist Jew” (p. 102) who nevertheless “composed one of only two surviving Jewish epics in the Greek language” (p. 102); this confirms, according to Collins, Tcherikover's view that the Hasmoneans were opposed to the Greeks for political reasons but did not reject Greek culture. Theodotus defends his Jewish nationalism through the medium of Greek epic poetry.
Recent Developments in International Sales Law
Authors: Schlechtriem Peter
Published: May 2019

The title of my address promises more than I can keep. As a precaution, I should at least add a question mark to this title, because I want to discuss whether there are any noteworthy recent developments in international sales law at all, and whether or not they are desirable. By “international sales law”, I understand Uniform Sales Law which is international for three reasons: first, because it applies to international sales; second, because it is in force in several countries; and finally, because it has been worked out “internationally”, i.e. by lawyers from diverse legal backgrounds. What I am talking about, therefore, is Uniform Sales Law within the meaning of the Hague Uniform Laws on International Sales—which are in operation also in Israel—as well as the Sales Convention which was passed at a diplomatic conference in Vienna in 1980. As to developments I would like to give a short overview of the reception the Hague Uniform Sales Law has received in Germany.
Standardization of the Anatomical Orientation of Receptaculitids
Authors: Fisher Daniel C. , Nitecki Matthew H.
Published: May 2019

Much of the controversy that has surrounded the study of receptaculitids has been associated, in one way or another, with difficulties in reconstructing their mode of growth. Many of these difficulties, in turn, result from inadequate comparative morphological analysis and a consequent ambiguity in relating the results of work on one taxon to arguments framed in the context of another. In order to deal with this aspect of the controversy, we propose a standardization of anatomical orientation for receptaculitids, based on features that we argue are homologous, taxonomically widespread, and useful as criteria of polarity. These include: overall thallus shape; morphology and arrangement of intercalary meroms; latitudinal gradients in number of meroms per whorl; articular relationships of stellate structures; and imbrication of merom plates. This standardization will contribute to an understanding of growth and life orientation in receptaculitids by acting as an arbiter of the consistency of growth analyses performed on morphologically disparate taxa.
The impact of dietary fatty acids on human adipose tissue
Authors: Petrus Paul , Arner Peter
Published: May 2019

Nutrition is a major variable factor in human environments. The composition of nutrients has changed markedly in recent decades which may contribute to the increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fat is an important component of the diet which comes in various forms with fatty acids (FA) of different carbon chain lengths and saturation degrees. In addition to being an energy supply, FA function as potent signalling molecules and influence transcriptional activity. Among other tissues, dietary FA target white adipose tissue function, which is central in maintaining metabolic health. This review focuses on the possible role of dietary FA composition and its effect on human white adipose tissue expandability and transcriptional response. Altogether, the existing literature suggests that unsaturated fat has more benign effects on adipose tissue distribution when compared to long-chain saturated fat. However, the mechanisms of action remain poorly characterised.
Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes in the colonic mucosa of rats experimentally-infected with Blastocystis subtype-3 cysts
Authors: Méabed Eman M. H. , Abdelhafez Dalia N. , Abdelaliem Yasser F.
Published: May 2019

Blastocystis spp. is the most frequent infectious unicellular, luminal parasite in all species of animals and humans. It has been linked to diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome. Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a widely used probiotic that previously showed efficacy against several intestinal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic role of Sb on Blastocystis spp. Methods: Five groups of Blastocystis subtype-3 infected rats were treated with either live Sb alone, metronidazole (MTZ) alone, Sb extract, both Sb and MTZ, or placebo-treated besides the noninfected control group. Assessment of treatment effectiveness was done by study of parasitological cure rate, histopathological effect and analysis of the colonic mucosal level of mRNAs expressions for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Results showed that live Sb significantly improved the histological characteristics and decreased the cytokines and iNOS in the colonic mucosa. Co-administration of live Sb together with MTZ gave a better effect than other treatments and had early efficacy and revealed a 100% reduction of the parasite stages from both the stool and intestinal wash fluid.
Interference of Broadleaf Signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Chamblee Rick W. , Thompson Lafayette , Coble Harold D.
Published: May 2019

Interference studies utilizing natural infestations of broadleaf signalgrass [Brachiaria platyphylla(Griseb.) Nash] in peanuts [Arachis hypogaea(L.) ‘Florigiant′] were conducted at two sites in 1978 and repeated at the same sites in 1979. Full-season interference from broadleaf signalgrass populations of 8, 16, and 1050 plants/10 m of row reduced seed yields 14, 28, and 69%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that slightly less than 4 plants/10 m of row significantly reduced yields. Broadleaf signalgrass interference with peanuts for 6 weeks or less after planting did not reduce seed yields; however, interference for 8 weeks or longer after planting did. Peanuts kept weed-free for 6 weeks or more after planting had seed yields equal to peanuts kept weed-free all season. Full-season broadleaf signalgrass interference reduced mature peanut forage yields 64%, but peanut interference only reduced broadleaf signalgrass forage yield 10%.