bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and parasitic diseases: A review of the literature of clinical cases and perspectives to screen and follow‐up active and latent chronic infections
Authors: Fabiani Silvia , Fortunato Simona , Petrini Mario , Bruschi Fabrizio
Published: January 2017

Background

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at substantial risk for a variety of infections depending upon numerous factors, such as degree of immunosuppression, host factors, and period after transplantation. Bacterial, fungal, viral, as well as parasitic infections can occur with high morbidity and mortality.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the occurrence of parasitic infections in allogeneic HSCT recipients. Modalities of transmission, methods of diagnosis, treatment, donor and recipient pre‐transplant screening and prevention measures of the most serious parasitic infections have also been discussed.

Materials and methods

We systematically reviewed literature records on post‐transplant (allogeneic HSCT) parasitic infections, identified through PubMed database searching, using no language or time restrictions. Search was concluded on December 31, 2015. In the present review, we only discussed post‐transplant parasitic infections in allogeneic HSCT. Only exclusion criteria were absence of sufficient information on the transmission of parasitic infection to the recipient. Autologous HSCT recipients have not been included because of the absence of a proper allogeneic transplantation even in presence of blood or blood product transfusions. The methods and findings of the present review have been reported based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis checklist (PRISMA).

Results

Regarding allogeneic HSCT recipients, from data published in the literature the real burden of parasitic infections cannot be really estimated. Nevertheless, a positive trend on publication number exists, probably because of more than one reason: (i) the increasing number of patients transplanted and then treated with immunosuppressive agents, (ii) the “population shift” resulting from immigration and travels to endemic areas, and (iii) the increasing of attention for diagnosis/notification/publication of cases.

Conclusions

Considering parasitic infections as emerging and potentially serious in their evolution, additional strategies for the prevention, careful screening and follow‐up, with a high level of suspicion, identification, and preemptive therapy are necessary in transplant recipients.

Perspectives

The Authors’ viewpoint in the perspective to screen and follow‐up active and latent chronic parasitosis in stem cells donors and recipients: a proposal for a flow chart.
Beyond attachment: Roles of DC‐SIGN in dengue virus infection
Authors: Liu Ping , Ridilla Marc , Patel Pratik , Betts Laurie , Gallichotte Emily , Shahidi Lidea , Thompson Nancy L. , Jacobson Ken
Published: January 2017

Dendritic cell‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule‐3‐grabbing non‐integrin (DC‐SIGN), a C‐type lectin expressed on the plasma membrane by human immature dendritic cells, is a receptor for numerous viruses including Ebola, SARS and dengue. A controversial question has been whether DC‐SIGN functions as a complete receptor for both binding and internalization of dengue virus (DENV) or whether it is solely a cell surface attachment factor, requiring either hand‐off to another receptor or a co‐receptor for internalization. To examine this question, we used 4 cell types: human immature dendritic cells and NIH3T3 cells expressing either wild‐type DC‐SIGN or 2 internalization‐deficient DC‐SIGN mutants, in which either the 3 cytoplasmic internalization motifs are silenced by alanine substitutions or the cytoplasmic region is truncated. Using confocal and super‐resolution imaging and high content single particle tracking, we investigated DENV binding, DC‐SIGN surface transport, endocytosis, as well as cell infectivity. DC‐SIGN was found colocalized with DENV inside cells suggesting hand‐off at the plasma membrane to another receptor did not occur. Moreover, all 3 DC‐SIGN molecules on NIH3T3 cells supported cell infection. These results imply the involvement of a co‐receptor because cells expressing the internalization‐deficient mutants could still be infected.
Report on the 18th Platelet Immunology Workshop of the ISBT 2016
Authors: Wikman A. , Mörtberg A. , Sachs U. J. , Santoso S.
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives

The aim of the 18th Platelet Immunology Workshop was to characterize platelet‐reactive alloantibodies by the use of in‐house MAIPA protocol and/or commercial platelet antibody testing kits, to identify whether anti‐HPA‐1a quantification could be compared between laboratories, to evaluate whether a protease inhibitor could preserve CD109 and the expression of the HPA‐15b antigen and to prove HPA genotyping methods.

Materials and Methods

Workshop materials (plasma samples, DNA and additional reagents) were shipped by the Organizing Laboratory in Stockholm, Sweden. Thirty‐two laboratories from 19 countries participated in the 18th International Platelet Workshop.

Results

A majority of the laboratories agreed on the serological identification of anti‐HPA‐1a and anti‐HPA‐5b antibodies. For the quantification of anti‐HPA‐1a, however, the result differed greatly between the laboratories with high coefficient of variation and the lowest concentration 0·5 IU/ml not detectable. Furthermore, false‐positive reactions due to cross‐reactivity with other glycoproteins did often interfere with the serological evaluation of anti‐HPA antibodies. Detection of anti‐HPA‐15 antibodies remains challenging; the addition of a protease inhibitor did not seem to preserve HPA‐15 expression on platelets. For genotyping, correct results were achieved in four of five samples. A mutation near HPA‐3 in one sample caused false interpretation of the typing results from five laboratories.

Conclusions

This workshop has identified three specific areas in platelet serology with need for improvement: methodology amendment to reduce non‐specific binding and cross‐reactivity; standardization of antibody quantification (such as anti‐HPA‐1a); and detection of anti‐HPA‐15 antibodies. The use of universal monoclonal antibodies for antigen capture assays as well exactly defined references of well‐defined specificity and concentration should be envisioned.
La investigación formativa en las prácticas docentes de los profesores de un programa de contaduría pública
Authors: Avendaño-Castro William Rodrigo , Rueda-Vera Gerson , Paz-Montes Luisa Stella
Published: January 2017

El artículo analiza el papel y la dinámica de la investigación formativa en las prácticas docentes de un grupo de profesores adscritos al Programa de Contaduría Pública de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, se hace un estudio empírico-analítico de naturaleza correlacional con una muestra de 60 docentes del programa de contaduría pública. Se utiliza una encuesta estructurada, la cual fue sometida a validez de contenido por pares expertos y a confiabilidad estadística. Los resultados demuestran 75 relaciones significativas de un total de 144. En conclusión, los sujetos que participan en el estudio demuestran que pocas prácticas docentes se realizan en función de la investigación formativa.
Incidencia de la política de incentivos tributarios sobre la inversión en el sector minero energético colombiano: un análisis exploratorio de su efectividad
Authors: Ruiz-Vargas Mario Antonio , Velandia-Sánchez Juliana Maritza , Navarro-Morato Oscar Saúl
Published: January 2017

 El presente artículo pretende hacer un análisis exploratorio sobre la efectividad de la política de incentivos tributarios en el incremento de la inversión extranjera directa (IED) del sector minero energético en Colombia. Se analizaron dos tipos de incentivos que afectan el impuesto a la renta del sector minero energético en Colombia: deducciones por inversión en activos fijos y descuentos tributarios, estableciendo la tasa efectiva de renta (TER) como medida del nivel de tributación del sector y comparando su comportamiento con el de la IED para el período 20002011. Los resultados demostraron que —aunque los incentivos generan un efecto positivo sobre la carga tributaria de las empresas, al disminuir la TER— la efectividad con respecto a la IED no es significativa, pues los precios internacionales de los commodities minero energéticos explican los niveles de IED en el país. 
Geometric Size Optimization of Annular Step Fin Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Deka Abhijit , Datta Dilip
Published: January 2017

Although an annular stepped fin can produce better cooling effect in comparison to an annular disk fin, it is yet to be studied in detail. In the present work, one-dimensional heat transfer in a two-stepped rectangular cross-sectional annular fin with constant base temperature and variable thermal conductivity is modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem. Taking cross-sectional half-thicknesses and outer radii of the two fin steps as design variables, an attempt is made to obtain the efficient fin geometry primarily by simultaneously maximizing the heat transfer rate and minimizing the fin volume. For further assessment of the fin performance, three more objective functions are studied, which are minimization of the fin surface area and maximization of the fin efficiency and effectiveness. Evaluating the heat transfer rate through the hybrid spline difference method, the well-known multi-objective genetic algorithm, namely, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), is employed for approximating the Pareto-optimal front containing a set of tradeoff solutions in terms of different combinations of the considered five objective functions. The Pareto-optimal sensitivity is also analyzed for studying the influences of the design variables on the objective functions. As an outcome, it can be concluded that the proposed procedure would give an open choice to designers to lead to a practical stepped fin configuration.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Erythromycin-Resistant Propionibacterium acnes Isolate Recovered from Folliculitis of the Scalp
Authors: Aubin Guillaume Ghislain , Kambarev Stanimir , Guillouzouic Aurélie , Khammari Amir , Dréno Brigitte , Corvec Stéphane
Published: January 2017

Propionibacterium acnesis now well-known and recognized for its implication in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an erythromycin-resistantP. acnesstrain isolated from a case of folliculitis of the scalp belonging to phylotype IA1 and sequence type 18 (ST18).
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus iniae 89353, a Virulent Strain Isolated from Diseased Tilapia in Taiwan
Authors: Gong Hong-Yi , Wu Sheng-Han , Chen Chun-Yao , Huang Chang-Wen , Lu Jenn-Kan , Chou Hsin-Yiu
Published: January 2017

Streptococcus iniae
89353 is a virulent strain isolated from diseased tilapia in Taiwan. The full-genome sequence of
S. iniae
89353 is 2,098,647 bp. The revealed genome information will be beneficial for identification and understanding of potential virulence genes of
Streptococcus iniae
and possible immunogens for vaccine development against streptococcosis.
Basilar stroke from a persistent hypoglossal artery
Authors: See Alfred P , Baranoski Jacob F , Flores Bruno C , Ducruet Andrew , Albuquerque Felipe C
Published: January 2017

Occlusion of the basilar artery can be treated with endovascular thrombectomy, although the results have not been well studied. Persistent fetal cerebrovascular anatomy can lead to unusual presentation of carotid atherosclerotic disease and can be a barrier to successful mechanical thrombectomy if not recognized. This case presents a rare persistent carotico–basilar anastomosis which resulted in basilar occlusion via the persistent hypoglossal artery and coincident absence of contralateral vertebral arterial access due to a left vertebral artery terminating in the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Preoperative recognition of this anatomy afforded by review of cross-sectional imaging was critical to success during this emergent procedure.
GROWTH OF RF SPUTTERED NiO FILMS ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES — A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: AHMED ANAS A. , DEVARAJAN MUTHARASU , AFZAL NAVEED
Published: January 2017

This work explores the structural, surface and optical properties of NiO films grown on Si, GaAs, PET and glass substrates. The NiO films were deposited on these substrates under same conditions by using radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of NiO target at 100[Formula: see text]C. The structural study by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the existence of (200) and (220) oriented NiO peaks on all the substrates. The preferred orientation of NiO films on Si, GaAs and glass was along (200) plane whereas the film grown on PET was observed to be oriented along (220) plane. The crystallite size of NiO on GaAs was the largest among the other substrates. The RMS surface roughness on PET was higher as compared to the other substrates. The band gap of NiO films grown on glass and PET was estimated from UV–Vis transmittance spectroscopy whereas the UV–Vis reflection spectroscopy was carried out to find out the band gap of NiO grown on GaAs and Si substrates. The band gap of NiO on PET was higher than its band gap obtained on other substrates. The results obtained on properties of NiO films on different substrates were correlated with each other.
Improving the Performance and Resource Utilization of the CASPER FFT and Polyphase Filterbank
Authors: Monroe Ryan
Published: February 2017

The effectiveness of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) solutions for radio-astronomy is limited by the efficiency of the implemented algorithms. Novel implementations of several popular DSP algorithms are presented. Their optimization strategies are discussed and their efficiency is compared to that of the standard Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER) library solutions. Compared to CASPER, the PFB-FIR and FFT modules require 73% and 45% of the DSP48E1 resources, with performance dominated by ADC quantization noise for typical radio-astronomy inputs.
FPGA-Based TDC for Single-Photon Intensity Interferometry
Authors: Sinclair Adrian , Pilyavsky Genady , Schroeder Edward , Mauskopf Philip
Published: February 2017

A prototype intensity interferometer readout for single-photon detectors is presented as a time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). We briefly discuss the history and scientific motivations for the instrument. A comparison is drawn between the use of photomultiplier tubes in linear mode and single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) in Geiger mode. Different FPGA-based TDC configurations are discussed. We describe the design and implementation of a four-phase FPGA-based TDC. The paper concludes with the application of the design to investigate SPAD after-pulsing and a description of future work.
Development of dilated cardiomyopathy and impaired calcium homeostasis with cardiac-specific deletion of ESRRβ
Authors: Rowe Glenn C. , Asimaki Angeliki , Graham Evan L. , Martin Kimberly D. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Das Saumya , Saffitz Jeffery , Arany Zoltan
Published: January 2017

Mechanisms underlying the development of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain poorly understood. Using transcription factor expression profiling, we identified estrogen-related receptor-β (ESRRβ), a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, as highly expressed in murine hearts and other highly oxidative striated muscle beds. Mice bearing cardiac-specific deletion of ESRRβ (MHC-ERRB KO) develop DCM and sudden death at ~10 mo of age. Isolated adult cardiomyocytes from the MHC-ERRB KO mice showed an increase in calcium sensitivity and impaired cardiomyocyte contractility, which preceded echocardiographic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by several months. Histological analyses of myocardial biopsies from patients with various cardiomyopathies revealed that ESRRβ protein is absent from the nucleus of cardiomyocytes from patients with DCM but not other forms of cardiomyopathy (ischemic, hypertrophic, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy). Taken together these observations suggest that ESRRβ is a critical component in the onset of DCM by affecting contractility and calcium balance.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Estrogen-related receptor-β (ESRRβ) is highly expressed in the heart and cardiac-specific deletion results in the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). ESRRβ is mislocalized in human myocardium samples with DCM, suggesting a possible role for ESRRβ in the pathogenesis of DCM in humans.
Evidence for hysteresis in the cerebral pressure-flow relationship in healthy men
Authors: Brassard Patrice , Ferland-Dutil Hélène , Smirl Jonathan D. , Paquette Myriam , Le Blanc Olivier , Malenfant Simon , Ainslie Philip N.
Published: January 2017

The cerebrovasculature is more efficient at compensating for pharmacologically induced transient hypertension versus transient hypotension. Whether this phenomenon exists during nonpharmacologically induced hypertension and hypotension is currently unknown. We compared the percent change in mean velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAvmean) per percent change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (%ΔMCAVmean/%ΔMAP) during transient hypertension and hypotension induced during squat-stand maneuvers performed at 0.05 Hz (20-s cycles) and 0.10 Hz (10-s cycles) in 58 male volunteers. %ΔMCAvmean/%ΔMAP was attenuated by 25% ( P = 0.03, 0.05 Hz) and 47% ( P < 0.0001, 0.10 Hz) during transient hypertension versus hypotension. Thus, these findings indicate that the brain in healthy men is better adapted to compensate for physiologically relevant transient hypertension than hypotension.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novel finding of this study is that the change in middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity is attenuated during hypertension compared with hypotension physiologically induced by oscillations in blood pressure in men. These results support that the human brain is more effective at compensating for transient hypertension than hypotension.
Protein biomarkers associated with primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation
Authors: Hamilton B. C. S. , Kukreja J. , Ware L. B. , Matthay M. A.
Published: January 2017

Severe primary graft dysfunction affects 15–20% of lung transplant recipients and carries a high mortality risk. In addition to known donor, recipient, and perioperative clinical risk factors, numerous biologic factors are thought to contribute to primary graft dysfunction. Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of lung injury and primary graft dysfunction emphasizes multiple pathways leading to lung endothelial and epithelial injury. Protein biomarkers specific to these pathways can be measured in the plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Clarification of the pathophysiology and timing of primary graft dysfunction could illuminate predictors of dysfunction, allowing for better risk stratification, earlier identification of susceptible recipients, and development of targeted therapies. Here, we review much of what has been learned about the association of protein biomarkers with primary graft dysfunction and evaluate this association at different measurement time points.
Modified Devine Exclusion for Unresectable Distal Gastric Cancer in Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Fernández-Moreno María Carmen , Martí-Obiol Roberto , López Fernando , Ortega Joaquín
Published: January 2017

Background: In patients with outlet obstruction syndrome and/or severe anemia secondary to unresectable gastric cancer (GC), partial stomach-partitioning gastrojejunostomy, or modified Devine exclusion, is a surgical alternative. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with unresectable distal GC treated with modified Devine exclusion as palliative surgery between February 2005 and December 2015. It consisted of a series of 10 patients with outlet obstruction syndrome and/or severe anemia. The outcomes of this technique were based on oral tolerance, blood transfusions, postoperative complications, and survival. Results: Early oral tolerance and a low rate of blood transfusions were observed postoperatively. There was no postoperative mortality and a very low complication rate without anastomotic leakage. Median survival was 9 months. Conclusions: Partial stomach-partitioning gastrojejunostomy is a safe procedure for unresectable GC which can improve the quality of life of these patients.
Brunner’s Gland Adenoma – A Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Sorleto Michele , Timmer-Stranghöner Annette , Wuttig Helge , Engelhard Oliver , Gartung  Carsten
Published: January 2017

Brunner’s gland adenoma is an extremely rare benign small bowel neoplasm, often discovered incidentally during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or radiological diagnostics. In few cases, it tends to cause gastrointestinal hemorrhage or intestinal obstruction. We report here our experience with a 47-year-old woman with a Brunner’s gland adenoma of more than 6 cm in size, located in the first part of the duodenum and causing gastrointestinal bleeding. Initially, we performed a partial endoscopic resection using endoloop and snare alternatively to prevent severe bleeding. A rest endoscopic polypectomy with the submucosal dissection technique was planned. However, on request of the patient, an elective surgical duodenotomy with submucosal resection of the remaining small duodenal tumor was performed. To better define the patient’s characteristics and treatment options of such lesions, we performed a systematic review of the available literature in PubMed. Recently, an endoscopic removal is being increasingly practiced and is considered as a safe treatment modality of such lesions.
Prognostic Implications of Chronic Kidney Disease on Patients Presenting with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction with versus without Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Margolis Gilad , Vig Shahar , Flint Nir , Khoury Shafik , Barkagan Michael , Keren Gad , Shacham Yacov
Published: January 2017

Background: Limited data is present regarding long-term outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients presenting with stent thrombosis (ST). We evaluated the possible implications of CKD on long-term mortality in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and its interaction with the presence of ST. Methods: We retrospectively studied 1,722 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. Baseline CKD was categorized as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at presentation. The presence of ST was determined using the Academic Research Consortium definitions. Patients were evaluated for the presence of CKD and ST, as well as for long-term mortality. Results: A total of 448/1,722 (26%) patients had baseline CKD. Patients with CKD were older and had more comorbidities and a higher rate of ST (4 vs. 7%, respectively, p < 0.001). In a univariate analysis, long-term mortality was significantly higher among those with CKD compared to those without CKD (17.6 vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001). The presence of ST did not alter long-term mortality in both CKD and no-CKD patients. In a Cox regression model, CKD was an independent predictor of long-term mortality (hazard ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.17-3.56, p = 0.01), while ST as a covariate was not significantly associated with long-term mortality. Conclusion: Among STEMI patients, CKD, but not ST, is a predictor of long-term mortality.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein as Two Predictive Tools of Anastomotic Leak in Colorectal Cancer Open Surgery
Authors: Mik Michal , Dziki Lukasz , Berut Maciej , Trzcinski Radzislaw , Dziki Adam
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the development of anastomotic leak (AL) in patients after surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Patients operated on for CRC between 2010 and 2014 were enrolled into the study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated for the CRP and NLR measured on the 4th postoperative day (POD). Results: Among 724 patients, AL was diagnosed in 33 (4.6%). The accuracy of CRP in the detection of AL using area under curve was 0.83 with the optimal cut-off value of 180 mg/L, sensitivity 75%, specificity 91%, PPV 52% and NPV 87%. Also, NLR on POD4 was higher in the AL group: 9.03 ± 4.13 vs. 4.45 ± 2.25; p = 0.0012; sensitivity 69%, specificity 78%, PPV 49%, NPV 88% at cut-off point of 6.5. Moreover, CRP and NLR on POD4 were significantly higher in patients who died in the postoperative period: 239 ± 24 mg/L vs. 199 ± 41 mg/L; p = 0.034 and 10.71 ± 2.08 vs. 8.65 ± 4.67; p = 0.029, respectively). Conclusions: CRP and NLR on POD4 possess the ability to predict the development of AL and postoperative mortality after CRC operation. Based on our results, high NPV might be indicative of patients with low risk of AL in their postoperative period.
IL-1α Up-Regulates IL-6 Expression in Bovine Granulosa Cells via MAPKs and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yang Meng , Wang Xurong , Wang Lei , Wang Xuezhi , Li Jianxi , Yang Zhiqiang
Published: January 2017

Background/Aims: IL-6 is one of the main cytokines in regulating ovarian follicular development and ovulation. However, the factors that regulate IL-6 expression in follicles are still unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of IL-1α on IL-6 expression in granulosa cells. Methods: IL-6 expression after IL-1α with/without inhibitors treatment was analyzed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. The phosphorylation of proteins induced by IL-1α was analyzed by western blot. The intracellular cAMP level was assayed by immunoassay kit. Results: IL-1α has a dose-dependent effect on IL-6 expression in granulosa cells. This promoting effect can be significantly attenuated by Erk, c-Jun, p38 and IκB proteins inhibitors, respectively. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of Erk, c-Jun, p38 and IκBα proteins were significantly increased after IL-1α treatment. In addition, we also found that IL-1α not only reversed the cAMP attenuated IL-6 expression， but also increased IL-1α mRNA expression in granulosa cells. Conclusion: The regulation of IL-1α on IL-6 expression is mediated by activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover，IL-1α may regulate the ovulation-related genes expression in granulosa cells by an autocrine and/or paracrine manner.
Prayers of the Antediluvian Patriarchs: Revisiting the Form and Function of 4Q369 Prayer of Enosh
Authors: Pannkuk Justin L.
Published: January 2017

This article reassesses the evidence for determining the form of 4Q369 “Prayer of Enosh” and, in light of this assessment, considers how the composition could function rhetorically. Based on textual and comparative literary evidence, the article proposes that the extant text is structured by a genealogical framework (1 i 9–10) in which historically-oriented prayers are attributed to specific patriarchal figures like Enosh (1 i 1–7) and Enoch or one of his near descendants (1 ii 1–12). These formal aspects of the composition are seen to have important rhetorical consequences: they position the implied audience as a third party between God and the esteemed figures from the remote past and they frame the prayers as accurate forecasts of salvation history. Together these features provide grounds upon which pious readers could have confidence in the inevitability of God’s fidelity until the eschaton.
Phelipanche sevanensis (Orobanchaceae): a new species from the Caucasus, and nomenclatural notes on similar species
Authors: PIWOWARCZYK RENATA , PEDRAJA ÓSCAR SÁNCHEZ , MORAL GONZALO MORENO
Published: January 2017

Phelipanche sevanensis (Orobanchaceae) is described as a new species from the Lesser Caucasus in Armenia. It grows on steep rocky slopes around Lake Sevan in semi-arid mountain steppe communities, where it parasitises Heracleum trachyloma, a Caucasian endemic. A detailed description, illustrations, and a comparison with the most similar species, especially P. heldreichii, are provided. We also present nomenclatural notes about P. coelestis, P. hohenackeri, P. persica and P. simplex. Three lectotypes are designated, and two new combinations are proposed.
Tiger Beetles’ (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindelinae) pupal stage: current state of knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: ROZA ANDRÉ S. , MERMUDES JOSÉ R. M.
Published: January 2017

The tiger beetles (Carabidae: Cicindelinae) include about 2,822 species and 120 genera around the world. They are one of the most widely studied families of Coleoptera. However, the knowledge about their immature stages is incipient and usually restricted to the larval stages. Pupal characteristics have been among the most ignored aspects of tiger beetle biology. Here we compile and update the current knowledge of tiger beetle pupae.
Virtues and Vagaries of High‐Resolution CT Air Cisternography in the Diagnosis of Acoustic Neuromas
Authors: Johnson Dexter W. , Voorhees Richard L. , Wong Matthew L.
Published: January 2017

A series of 125 consecutive, bilateral, high‐resolution, computerized tomographic (CT) air cisternograms was prospectively reviewed and analyzed. Emphasis was placed on identifying problems encountered in performing the study and potential sources of error in interpretation. In two patients there was difficulty in transporting the air bolus because spinal cord tumors coexisted with bilateral acoustic neuromas. Potential false‐positive results were avoided in four patients by persistent efforts to fill the internal auditory canal. Later reexaminations were recommended for four patients whose examinations were suspicious or suggestive of tiny acoustic neuromas. Unilateral Mondini malformation was incidentally diagnosed in one patient. Six patients required therapy for persistent headache after lumbar puncture. High‐resolution CT air cisternography is believed to be the method of choice for investigating the nonenhancing or small acoustic neuroma. However, this method is not without potential problems, some of which are discussed.
Micropuncture of the Tympanic Membrane after Tympanoplasty
Authors: Silverstein Herbert , Wazen Jack , Silverstein David
Published: January 2017

Shortly after tympanoplasty the cause of conductive hearing loss may be difficult to ascertain. If the cause is related to poor eustachian tube function, early aeration of the middle ear should produce an immediate improvement in hearing. A procedure for aerating the middle ear consists of introducing 0.5 cc of air through the graft with a tuberculin syringe and an angled 1.25‐inch, 27‐gauge needle. Between 1978 and 1983, 75 patients, or 19% of those having tympanoplasties or mastoid tympanoplasties, underwent the micropuncture procedure. Forty‐five patients had a hearing improvement after the procedure and there were no complications. It appears that micropuncture of the tympanic membrane is an easily performed, relatively painless, safe procedure after tympanoplasty. It is a useful diagnostic procedure that may also improve the ultimate results of tympanoplasty surgery.
Tympanomastoid Surgery: A Technique for Repairing Posterior Osseous Canal Wall Defects with Autologous Temporalis Fascia and Bone Pâte
Authors: Althaus Sean R.
Published: January 2017

A technique for repairing small to medium‐sized defects in the osseous posterior superior canal resulting from pathologic or iatrogenic causes is described. Bone pate is harvested from the mastoid cortex by means of a simple collection technique. A sandwich graft composed of autologous temporalis fascia lined with bone pate is used to fill in the canal wall defect. This technique has been used successfully in 27 of 28 cases, with follow‐up as long as 8 years. When fully healed, the bone graft has attained the texture and consistency of the normal osseous canal and, if necessary, can be curetted or drilled for reshaping during planned second‐stage tympanomastoid surgery. The temporalis fascia/bone pate graft technique is simple, easy to learn, and has proven to be a reliable method for repairing the defects described.
Effects of Noise Exposure and Hypercholesterolemia on Auditory Function in the New Zealand White Rabbit
Authors: Tami T. A. , Fankhauser C. E. , Mehlum D. L.
Published: January 2017

An association between hypercholesterolemia and high‐frequency hearing loss has been suggested previously. Most data have been epidemiologic, and only recently have experimental studies appeared supporting this observed association. It is unclear whether this hearing loss is related solely to hypercholesterolemia or if it is a consequence of cholesterol‐induced vascular changes. The New Zealand White rabbit was used to study the auditory effects of noise, hypercholesterolemia, and the combination of both. Auditory function was evaluated with far‐field monitoring of click‐evoked auditory brain stem responses by comparing latency/Intensity functions and absolute click‐evoked thresholds. Hypercholesterolemia was maintained for only 3 weeks, theoretically eliminating atherosclerotic vascular changes as a mechanism contributing to observed changes. Auditory function was unchanged after 3 weeks of hypercholesterolemia. Also, the changes observed after noise exposure were comparable between the normal and the hypercholesterolemic groups. We conclude that if hypercholesterolemia contributes to high‐frequency hearing loss, the pathophysiology is related to cholesterol‐induced vascular changes, not solely to hypercholesterolemia.
Infralabyrinthine Approach to Skull‐Base Lesions
Authors: Lambert Paul R. , Johns Michael E. , Winn Richard H.
Published: January 2017

New surgical techniques have extended the head and neck surgeon's domain to include various skull‐base lesions. The infralabyrinthine approach incorporates these techniques and can be used to resect benign and malignant tumors Involving the base of the temporal bone. Lesions of the internal carotid artery near the carotid foramen are also readily accessible. The main surgical steps in the Infralabyrinthine approach include (1) mastoidectomy, (2) anterior transposition of the facial nerve, (3) neck dissection, (4) removal of the lateral tympanic bone, (5) exposure of the jugular foramen, and (6) exposure of the intratemporal carotid artery. Details of the Infralabyrinthine approach are Illustrated by photographs of surgical and cadaver dissections. Examples of various lesions successfully treated by this technique are presented. The Important surgical anatomy of the Infralabyrinthine compartment of the skull base is reviewed, with particular attention paid to the internal carotid artery, which, like the facial nerve, demands an intimate familiarity on the part of the temporal bone surgeon.
Fine‐Needle Aspiration of Diffuse Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Shapiro Aaron L. , Pincus Robert L.
Published: January 2017

Although diffuse cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the earliest and most common findings in patients with AIDS, the appropriate diagnostic approach in these patients has yet to be determined. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) was performed on 26 patients with AIDS in order to evaluate the role of FNA in patients with diffuse cervical adenopathy. Specimens were sent for cytology, bacterial culture, fungal culture, and acid‐fast smear and culture. Ten patients had positive findings, including toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterium, and methicillin‐resistant staphylococcal infection. All patients with either unilateral adenopathy or lymph nodes 3 cm or larger had positive aspirates. A statistically significant difference between patients with lymph nodes smaller than 2 cm and those with nodes larger than 2 cm was found. Fine‐needle aspiration of a representative node in patients with AIDS may allow prompt diagnosis of diffuse lymphadenopathy. Rapid initiation of appropriate treatment can lead to symptomatic improvement. The need for excisional biopsy of involved lymph nodes may be obviated. Fine‐needle aspiration is recommended as a diagnostic tool in selected patients with diffuse cervical lymphadenopathy and AIDS.
Rapid Protein Test for Perilymph Fistula
Authors: Silverstein Herbert
Published: January 2017

The existence of a perilymph fistula may be difficult to prove preoperatively or at surgery, except in obvious cases in which perilymph can be seen coming out of the inner ear around the stapes footplate or round window niche. Some surgeons doubt the common occurrence of spontaneous perilymph fistula. Most surgeons believe that a perilymph fistula is rare and is produced by some type of trauma and pressure change to the inner ear fluids. Analysis of fluid collected from the oval window area and round window niche may be a great help in confirming or disproving the diagnosis of perilymph fistula. After a myringotomy or tympanotomy, fluid collected in micropipets from the oval window or round window area is analyzed for protein concentration, using rapid protein indicator paper. The original technique was developed in the 1960's to analyze the inner ear fluid as a diagnostic procedure (i.e., diagnostic labyrinthotomy) in acoustic neuroma suspects. Normal perilymph has a protein content of approximately 200 mg %, which turns the indicator paper light green, whereas serum or transudate has a protein content of approximately 7000 mg %, which turns the indicator paper dark green. The protein concentration is determined by comparing the color of the indicator paper with the color developed by known protein standards. A middle ear tap may help avoid negative middle ear exploration for perilymph fistula and helps document the presence or absence of perilymph after the exploration.
Combined Infrahyoid and Inferior Constrictor Muscle Release for Tension‐Free Anastomosis during Primary Tracheal Repair
Authors: Biller Hugh F. , Munier Michael A.
Published: January 2017

Although tracheal stenosis is not a common clinical entity, it still presents a significant management problem, despite recent endoscopic advances. Surgical correction by resection and primary anastomosis is the preferred treatment, provided the repair can be performed without excessive tension. Various release techniques have been described in order to achieve mobility and, thereby, a tension‐free anastomosis. This article presents a combined infrahyoid muscle and inferior constrictor muscle release to assure maximum mobility of the laryngotracheal complex, thus allowing tension‐free closure. A series of ten patients who underwent primary repair using the combined technique is presented, and the operative technique is described. The indications, age, length of stenosis, and minimum 1 year followup of these patients are presented, as well as perioperative management and complications. The success rate with this technique is 90%.
Epistaxis: A comparison of treatment
Authors: Shaw Collie B. , Wax Mark K. , Wetmore Stephen J.
Published: January 2017

Epistaxis is a common condition as well as a frequent otolaryngologic emergency, with up to 60% of people experiencing one episode in their lifetime and 6% seeking medical attention. Treatment is controversial, with many options being available. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital course and management of 65 patients who experienced epistaxis from January 1, 1986, to October 31, 1991, to compare medical and surgical treatment methods. Fifty‐one patients were managed medically. Of these, 36 patients required one treatment (group 1), 10 required multiple treatments (group 2), and seven required multiple admissions (group 3). The mean lengths of hospitalization were 3.27, 4.90, and 5.57 days respectively. Fourteen patients were managed surgically. The preoperative stay of nine patients who underwent unsuccessful medical management at our institution (group 4) was 3.9 days, with an average postoperative stay of 7.3 days. The difference in length of stay was statistically significant between surgical and medical groups and the postoperative stay of group 4 was different from the length of stay of group 1 patients. The remaining five patients were initially treated elsewhere (group 5). Seventeen (33.3%) medical and only 1 (7%) surgical patients underwent unsuccessful initial therapy. Complication rates were not statistically different for each group. Transfusion requirements were evaluated as a possible predictive factor. Eighteen patients (35.3%) in the medically managed group required transfusions, compared with 11 patients (78.6%) treated surgically (p< 0.01). The medical group received an average of 0.91 units, compared to the surgical group that received 2.93 units preoperatively (p< 0.01). Group 4 required the most preoperative transfusions (3.89). Hypertension, NSAID usage, and coumadin usage did not significantly increase the length of hospital stay in either surgically or medically treated patients. The majority of patients respond to simple nonsurgical measures. Patients who require multiple interventions over a 72‐hour period to control hemorrhage and require three or more units of red blood cells should be considered for surgical intervention.
Inverting papilloma of the head and neck: The UCLA update
Authors: Bielamowicz Steven , Calcaterra Thomas C. , Watson Deborah
Published: January 2017

Inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a benign disease with malignant potential. This disease is characterized by multiple recurrences, especially after minimal operative therapy. Controversy exists over the most appropriate treatment for this rare tumor. This review presents an update of the UCLA experience with inverting papilloma over the past four decades along with a review of the literature. A retrospective study of 61 patients seen at the UCLA Medical Center was conducted. The mean age at presentation was 63 years, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 2:1. The most common symptom at presentation was nasal obstruction (71%), followed by epistaxis (27%). Seventeen percent of the patients in this series either had concurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the nose or paranasal sinuses, or it developed. Patients treated with a lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy had a recurrence rate of 30 percent. Those treated with a less aggressive operation had a recurrence rate of 71 percent. Despite a trend for a more conservative sinus operation in recent literature, we continue to advocate a lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy as the treatment of choice for inverting papilloma of the head and neck.
Life Science Professional Societies Expand Undergraduate Education Efforts
Authors: Matyas Marsha Lakes , Ruedi Elizabeth A. , Engen Katie , Chang Amy L.
Published: January 2017

The Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education reports cite the critical role of professional societies in undergraduate life science education and, since 2008, have called for the increased involvement of professional societies in support of undergraduate education. Our study explored the level of support being provided by societies for undergraduate education and documented changes in support during the Vision and Change era. Society representatives responded to a survey on programs, awards, meetings, membership, teaching resources, publications, staffing, finances, evaluation, and collaborations that address undergraduate faculty and students. A longitudinal comparison group of societies responded to surveys in both 2008 and 2014. Results indicate that life science professional societies are extensively engaged in undergraduate education in their fields, setting standards for their discipline, providing vetted education resources, engaging students in both research and education, and enhancing professional development and recognition/status for educators. Societies are devoting funding and staff to these efforts and engaging volunteer leadership. Longitudinal comparison group responses indicate there have been significant and quantifiable expansions of undergraduate efforts in many areas since 2008. These indicators can serve as a baseline for defining, aligning, and measuring how professional societies can promote sustainable, evidence-based support of undergraduate education initiatives.
Enhanced store-operated Ca2+ influx and ORAI1 expression in ventricular fibroblasts from human failing heart
Authors: Ross Gracious R. , Bajwa Tanvir , Edwards Stacie , Emelyanova Larisa , Rizvi Farhan , Holmuhamedov Ekhson L. , Werner Paul , Downey Francis X. , Tajik A. Jamil , Jahangir Arshad
Published: January 2017

Excessive cardiac fibrosis, characterized by increased collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is a major predisposing factor for mechanical and electrical dysfunction in heart failure (HF). The human ventricular fibroblast (hVF) remodeling mechanisms that cause excessive collagen deposition in HF are unclear, although reports suggest a role for [Ca2+]i in fibrosis. Therefore, we determined the association of differences in cellular Ca2+ dynamics and collagen secretion/deposition between hVFs from failing and normal (control) hearts. Histology of left ventricle sections (Masson trichrome) confirmed excessive fibrosis in HF vs normal. In vitro, hVFs from HF showed increased secretion/deposition of soluble collagen in 48 hours of culture compared with control [85.9±7.4 μg/106 vs 58.5±8.8 μg/106 cells, P<0.05; (Sircol™ assay)]. However, collagen gene expressions (COL1A1 and COL1A2; rt-PCR) were not different. Ca2+ imaging (fluo-3) of isolated hVFs showed no difference in the thapsigargin-induced intracellular Ca2+ release capacity (control 16±1.4% vs HF 17±1.1%); however, Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry [SOCE /CRAC (Ca2+ release-activated)] channels was significantly (P≤0.05) greater in HF-hVFs (47±3%) compared with non-failing (35±5%). Immunoblotting for ICRAC channel components showed increased ORAI1 expression in HF-hVFs compared with normal without any difference in STIM1 expression. The Pearson's correlation coefficient for co-localization of STIM1/ORAI1 was significantly (P<0.01) greater in HF (0.5±0.01) than control (0.4±0.01) hVFs. The increase in collagen secretion of HF vs control hVFs was eliminated by incubation of hVFs with YM58483 (10 μM), a selective ICRAC inhibitor for 48 hours (66.78±5.87μg/106 cells vs 55.81±7.09 μg/106 cells, P=0.27). In conclusion, hVFs from HF have increased collagen secretion capacity vs non-failing hearts and this is related to increase in Ca2+ entry via SOCE and enhanced expression of ORAI, the pore-forming subunit. Therapeutic inhibition of SOCE may reduce the progression of cardiac fibrosis/HF.
JMJD-1.2/PHF8 controls axon guidance by regulating Hedgehog-like signaling
Authors: Riveiro Alba Redo , Mariani Luca , Malmberg Emily , Amendola Pier Giorgio , Peltonen Juhani , Wong Garry , Salcini Anna Elisabetta
Published: January 2017

Components of the KDM7 family of histone demethylases are implicated in neuronal development and one member, PHF8, is also found mutated in cases of X-linked mental retardation. However, how PHF8 regulates neurodevelopmental processes and contributes to the disease is still largely missing. Here we show that the catalytic activity of a PHF8 homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans, JMJD-1.2, is required non-cell autonomously for proper axon guidance. Loss of JMJD-1.2 deregulates the transcription of the Hedgehog-related genes wrt-8 and grl-16 whose overexpression is sufficient to induce the axonal defects. Deficiency of either wrt-8 or grl-16, or reduced expression of homologs of genes promoting Hedgehog signaling restore correct axon guidance in jmjd-1.2 mutant. Genetic and overexpression data indicate that Hedgehog-related genes act on axon guidance through actin remodelers. Thus, our study highlights a novel function of jmjd-1.2 in axon guidance that may be relevant for the onset of X-linked mental retardation and provides compelling evidences of a conserved function of the Hedgehog pathway in C. elegans axon migration.