bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DOG FEMORAL OSTEOBLAST NUMBER POST TRANSPLANTATION OF DEMINERALIZED PORCINE CORTICAL BONE XENOGRAFT
Authors: Sudimantini Luh Made , Wirata I Wayan , Gunawan I Wayan Nico Fajar , Sumadi I Wayan Juli , Marmanto Tessa Saputri
Published: April 2022

The xenograft function in fracture healing is as osteoinduction. Osteoinduction is stimulated by factors present in the graft material including proteins and growth factors. Proteins and growth factors contained in the graft material are related to the process of osteoblast formation. This study aims to determine the amount of osteoblasts in bone fractures post-transplantation demineralized porcine cortical bone xenograft. Eight males dog aged 3-4 months were used in this study, which was divided into 2 groups at random. Group I is 2 dogs is used as a control, the dog on the diaphysis of the femur bone is drilled with a diameter of 1 cm without graft material. Group II is 6 dog on diaphisis femur bone drilled with a diameter of 1 cm and given Demineralized Porcine Cortical Bone Xenograft. Femoral bone was biopsied at 4th and 8th weeks postoperative for histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin-Eosin. The results showed that the number of osteoblasts in the group given demineralized porcine cortical bone xenograft was higher than the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of osteoblasts between groups (P> 0.05). In conclusion, demineralized porcine cortical bone xenograft can increase the number of osteoblast cells in the bone healing process but the increase is not significant.
Struktur Histopatologi Paru-Paru Tikus Putih yang di Berikan Ekstrak Sarang Semut dan Diinduksi Parasetamol dengan Dosis Toksik
Authors: Merdana I Made , Mahottama I Gusti Putu Tovan , Berata I Ketut , Sudimartini Luh Made
Published: April 2022

Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) merupakan tumbuhan epifit yang hidupnya menempel di pohon-pohon besar. Sarang semut mengandung senyawa-senyawa kimia dari golongan flavonoid dan tannin yang diketahui mampu menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak sarang semut terhadap histopatologi paru-paru tikus putih akibat pemberian parasetamol dosis toksik. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih jantan 24 ekor dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan. Perubahan yang diamati adanya perdarahan,peradangan,kongesti dan nekrosis pada organ dan jaringan paru. Hasil yang diperoleh sebagai berikut: pemberian parasetamol dosis toksik secara oral menyebabkan perdarahan, peradangan, kongesti dan nekrosis pada paru paru tikus putih. Pemberian ekstrak sarang semut dapat memperbaiki jaringan paru-paru akibat pemberian parasetamol dosis toksik yang mengalami pendarahan, peradangan, kongesti dan nekrosis. Pemberian parasetamol dosis 250mg/kgBB menyebabkan kongesti, perdarahan, peradangan dan nekrosis pada organ paru-paru.
Pengaruh Pemberian Gel Chitosan terhadap Jumlah Leukosit Tikus Putih pada Penyembuhan Luka Insisi
Authors: Syafruddin Syafruddin , Putri Dessy Ayu Mega , Panjaitan Budianto , Sayuti Arman
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian gel chitosan terhadap jumlah leukosit tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) pada penyembuhan luka insisi. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 10 ekor tikus putih betina yang berumur dua bulan dan memiliki berat badan ±165 g yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan (n=5). Perlakuan I (kontrol) luka insisi dioleskan dengan salep gentamisin, perlakuan II luka insisi dioleskan dengan gel chitosan (konsentrasi 5%) dua kali sehari selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Darah diambil melalui vena lateralis ekor sebanyak 0,5 ml dan pengamatan jumlah leukosit dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 3, 7, dan 14 setelah perlakuan. Pemeriksaan jumlah leukosit dilakukan dengan hemositometer dan menggunakan metode Neubauer. Parameter penelitian ini adalah jumlah leukosit pada proses penyembuhan luka insisi pada tikus putih. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisa varian berdasarkan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split-plot Design). Jumlah leukosit pada kelompok I (gentamisin) vs kelompok II (chitosan) pada hari ke-0; 3; 7; dan 14 masing-masing adalah  7,89×104/mm3 vs 7,30×104/mm3;  6,28×104/mm3 vs 10,23×104/mm3; 7,27×104/mm3 vs  10,28×104/mm3; dan 7,02×104/mm3 vs 7,52×104/mm3.  Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan gel chitosan lebih baik daripada salep gentamisin dalam proses penyembuhan luka insisi pada tikus putih. Hasil penelitian ini dapat ditindaklanjuti dengan melakukan penelitian pada hewan lain untuk aplikasi pengobatan luka.
LACTIC ACID STUDY OF POST SLAUGHTERED ON PIGS IN ABBATOIR SANGGARAN DENPASAR BALI
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto - , Soma I Gede
Published: April 2022

The lactic acid in blood and meat can accelerate rigor mortis and reduce the quality of the meat, because the meat will rot quickly, thereby reducing its selling power. Increased levels of lactic acid in the blood / meat can be caused by improper cutting processes. This study aims to see the levels of lactic acid in the blood as monitoring. The experimental animals were used by 30 healthy pigs slaughtered at the slaughterhouse in Sanggaran, Denpasar, Bali. Sampling was done purposively. The blood sample was taken as much as 3 ml from the jugular vein. Elisa method is used for determination of plasma lactic acid levels. The results showed the range of lactic acid levels was 2.10 - 2.95 mmol / dL with a mean of 2.47 mmol / dL, Sd. 0.22. These profiles are in normal condition so it is not noticed that the handling or management before and during cutting is good.
Morfologi Sel Darah Merah Ular Sanca Kembang Lokal Sumatera
Authors: Sayuti Arman , Asmilia Nuzul , Anugrah Rizki Ading , Rahmi Erdiansyah , Roslizawaty Roslizawaty , Hennivanda Hennivanda
Published: April 2022

Pemeriksaan darah merupakan serangkaian kegiatan untuk menegakkan diagnosis lanjutan, salah satu metodenya adalah melihat morfologi sel darah merah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran morfologi sel darah merah pada ular sanca kembang (Malayophyton reticulatus) lokal sumatera. Lima sampel darah ular sanca kembang (M. reticulatus) lokal sumatera yang dikoleksi melalui vena coccigea ventralis dan dibuat sediaan darah apus. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil yaitu morfologi sel darah merah ular sanca kembang lokal sumatera berbentuk oval, memiliki inti yang oval dan bulat, sitoplasma berwarna pink-ungu dan inti berwarna ungu pekat. Selain itu, ditemukan pula sel darah merah polikromatofilik dengan inti tidak teratur, bentuk sel tidak beraturan, sitoplasma sel yang lebih pudar dibandingkan sel darah merah dewasa dan berukuran lebih kecil dibandingkan eritrosit dewasa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah morfologi sel darah merah dewasa ular sanca kembang  lokal sumatera berbentuk oval dan memiliki inti sel, sitoplasma berwarna pink-ungu dan inti sel berwarna ungu pekat. Morfologi sel darah merah yang belum matang memiliki ciri inti tidak teratur, bentuk sel tidak beraturan dan sitoplasma yang lebih pudar. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan mengukur dan menghitung jumlah sel-sel darah lainnya.
Kajian Penerapan Nomor Kontrol Veteriner pada Perusahaan Daging Olahan di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Mandari Elis , Rudyanto Mas Djoko , Agustina Kadek Karang
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan NKV (NomorKontrolVeteriner) pada lima perusahaanpengolahan daging di Kota Denpasar denganskalakecil, menengah, danbesar. Sebanyak lima perusahaan pengolahan daging di Kota Denpasar dilakukan kajian penerapan NKV melalui penilaian yang dipandu menggunakan kuesioner yang bersumber dari Menurut Peraturan Mentri Pertanian RI Nomor 318/KPTS/OT.140/10/2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT. Aromaduta Rasaorima, Titilestari, CV. Dwi Boga Utama dan UD. Asa Barokah Mandiri telah menerapkan proses NKV pada Level 2 yang artinya masih berhak memperoleh NKV dengan kategori baik (menuju kualifikasi ekspor). Sedangkan UD. Budi dalam penelitian ini telah menerapkan proses NKV pada Level 3 yang artinya masih berhak memperoleh NKV dengan kategori cukup. Hasil diatas menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan pengolahan daging di Denpasar perlu mengoptimalkan penerapan standar-standar NKV supaya mencapai level yang lebih baik.
PENGARUH KINERJA MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG) DAN GOVERNMENT BONDS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Darmawan Komang Putra Jaya , Yasa I Nyoman Mahaendra
Published: April 2022

This study aims to 1) analyze the direct influence of Inflation, Interest Rates and Exchange Rates on the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) in Indonesia. 2) analyze the direct influence of Inflation, Interest Rates, Exchange Rates and JCI on Government Bonds in Indonesia. 3) determine the indirect effect of Inflation, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates on Government Bonds through the JCI in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data from 2010 to 2019 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bank Indonesia and the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analytical technique used in this study is path analysis. The test results show that 1) Inflation has no direct effect on the Jakarta Composite Index. Interest rates do not directly have a significant effect on the Jakarta Composite Index in Indonesia. The exchange rate directly has a positive and significant effect on the composite stock price index in Indonesia. 2) Inflation has no direct effect on government bonds in Indonesia. Interest rates do not directly have a significant effect on government bonds in Indonesia. The exchange rate directly does not have a significant effect on government bonds in Indonesia. The Jakarta Composite Index does not directly have a significant effect on government bonds in Indonesia. 3) Inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates do not indirectly affect government bonds through the Jakarta Composite Index.
ANALISIS FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY & REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2016-2020
Authors: Yuda Bramantha I Wayan Swastika , Yadnyana I Ketut
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out how the potential financial difficulties of property & real estate companies on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period are based on the Altman Z-Score, Springate and Zmijewski methods. The population in this study are the top property & real estate companies on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period. The sample was selected as many as 5 companies with a number of observations for 5 years. The analytical technique used is the Altman Z-Score, Springate and Zmijewski methods. The results show how the potential for financial distress (financial distress) for property & real estate companies based on the Altman Z-Score, Springate, and Zmijewski methods for 5 years. By using the Altman Z-Score method, the results showed that there were no companies experiencing financial distress. While using the Springate method, it was found that all companies experienced financial distress. And for the Zmijewski method, the results show that there are no companies experiencing financial distress.
REVIEW KEMAMPUAN METODE GC-MS DALAM IDENTIFIKASI FLUNITRAZEPAM TERKAIT DENGAN ASPEK FORENSIK DAN KLINIK
Authors: Diva Candraningrat I D. A. A. , Santika A. A. G. J. , Dharmayanti I. A. M. S. , Prayascita P.W.
Published: April 2022

Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk menilai kemampuan metode GC-MS yang sudah dikembangkan pada penelitian sebelumnya untuk menentukan metode GC-MS yang paling efektif dalam mendeteksi flunitrazepam pada sampel darah, urin, dan cairan oral terkait dengan identifikasi forensik dalam kasus penyalahgunaan flunitrazepam. Metode yang digunakan dalam review artikel ini adalah dengan penelusuran data-data penelitian terkait identifikasi dan deteksi flunitrazepam dengan menggunakan metode GC-MS. Metode GC-MS ditinjau dari jenis sampel, metode ekstraksi, metode derivatisasi, dan optimasi kondisi GC-MS terhadap hasil yang diperoleh. Berdasarkan hasil lima pengembangan metode GC-MS pada penelitian sebelumnya, diperoleh satu metode yang paling efektif dilihat dari hasil validasi metode yang memenuhi persyaratan ICH dan waktu retensi yang singkat yakni 2,427 menit. Metode GC-MS tersebut yakni metode dengan perlakuan sampel yang diekstraksi dengan metode SPE, lalu diderivatisasi sililasi, dan terakhir diidentifikasi pada metode kromatografi gas dengan deteksi menggunakan NICI-MS. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode GC-MS merupakan metode yang sensitif dan selektif yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam analisis flunitrazepam terkait dengan identifikasi forensik. Namun untuk analisis forensik secara rutin dan mendesak, metode ini kurang efektif karena memerlukan persiapan sampel yang cukup panjang.

Kata kunci: derivatisasi, ekstraksi, flunitrazepam, GC-MS
KARAKTERISASI LEMPUNG BENTONIT TERMODIFIKASI SURFAKTAN DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM Cr DAN Pb PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TEKSTIL
Authors: Widihati I. A. G. , Saraswati N. P. A. H. , Dewi I G. A. K. S. P.
Published: April 2022

Penelitian mengenai karakterisasi lempung bentonit termodifikasi surfaktan dan pemanfaatannya sebagai adsorben logam Cr dan Pb pada limbah cair industri tekstil telah dilakukan. Modifikasi dilakukan melalui metode interkalasi dengan menambahkan 2,9155 gram surfaktan heksadesil trimetil amonium bromida per 10 gram bentonit kemudian ditambahkan dengan 2,0480 gram asam palmitat. Bentonit yang telah termodifikasi dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben ion Cr3+ dan Pb2+. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik bentonit termodifikasi, waktu optimum dan kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap ion Cr3+ dan Pb2+ . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  interkalasi hekasdesil trimetil amonium bromida ke dalam antar lapis lempung bentonit tidak menyebabkan perubahan kristalinitas bentonit. Ikatan antara surfaktan dengan kisi kristal bentonit ditunjukkan dengan vibrasi pada bilangan gelombang 2922,16 dan 2850,97 cm-1 yang merupakan vibrasi dari gugus CH2 amina. Luas permukaan spesifik bentonit termodifikasi ditentukan dengan metode adsorpsi metilen biru dan didapatkan luas permukaan spesifik sebesar 46,180 m2/g. Waktu optimum adsorpsi bentonit termodifikasi untuk ion Cr3+ dan Pb2+berturut-turut 20 dan 10 menit, dengan kapasitas adsorpsi untuk ion Cr3+ dan Pb2+berturut-turut sebesar 0,0277 (84,575%) mg/g dan 0,1350 (87,455%) mg/g.

Kata kunci: adsorpsi, bentonit, interkalasi, limbah cair, logam berat
KARAKTERISASI ZEOLIT MANGAN TERMODIFIKASI TiO2 SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI FILTER GAS BUANG KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DALAM PENURUNAN KADAR GAS CO, HC, DAN Pb
Authors: Widihati I. A. G. , Apriliyanto I. , Sibarani J.
Published: April 2022

Modifikasi zeolit mangan dengan TiO2 sebagai filter gas buang kendaraan bermotor telah berhasil dibuat dengan mencampurkan zeolit mangan dan TiO2 serta Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) sebagai perekat. Pembuatan filter dilakukan dengan metode reaksi padat-padat (solid State Reaction) kemudian dikarakterisasi struktur dan kristalinitas kristal menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan morfologi serta komposisi kimia menggunakan Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Hasil karakterisasi XRD dan SEM-EDS menunjukan bahwa penambahan TiO2 tidak mempengaruhi struktur kristal dari zeolit mangan yang dapat dilihat dari tidak adanya perubahan dspacing yang spesifik dan tidak terjadi pergeseran sudut 2?, namun terjadi penurunan intensitas puncak difraksi yang menandakan adanya penurunan persen massa salah satu komponen zeolit mangan yakni SiO2. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian performa filter dalam penurunan kadar gas CO dan HC menggunakan Gas Analyzer dan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom dalam pengukuran Pb. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa filter hasil modifikasi zeolit mangan dengan TiO2 dapat menurunkan kadar CO, HC dan Pb, dimana dengan filter tanpa penambahan TiO2 dan dengan penambahan TiO2 10 dan 20%  secara berturut-turut menurunkan kadar CO sebesar 48,29; 58,14; 58,00%;  kadar HC sebesar 27,83 ; 37,97 ; 45,81 % ; dan kadar Pb  sebesar 90,74 ; 92,08 ; 93.48%.

Kata kunci: Hidrokarbon, Karbonmonoksida, Timbal, TiO2, Zeolit mangan

ABSTRACT

Modification of manganese zeolite with TiO2 as a motor vehicle exhaust gas filter has been successfully made by mixing manganese zeolite and TiO2 and Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) as an adhesive. Filtering was carried out by the solid state reaction method, the crystal structure and crystallinity were carried out by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) as well as the morphology and chemical composition determination were done by using Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results of XRD and SEM-EDS meaurements showed that the addition of TiO2 did not affect the crystal structure of the manganese zeolite which could be seen from the absence of specific dspacing changes and no 2? angular shift, but there was a decrease in diffraction peak intensity which indicated a decrease in mass percentages of one component manganese zeolite namely SiO2. Furthermore, a test for filter performance in decreasing CO and HC gas contents was done using a Gas Analyzer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for Pb measurement. The results showed that the filter modification of manganese zeolite with TiO2 could reduce the contents of CO, HC and Pb, in which the filter without the addition of TiO2 and with the addition of 10 and 20% TiO2 decreased CO content by 48.29; 58,14; 58.00%; HC contents by 27.83; 37.97; 45.81%; and Pb content by 90.74; 92.08; 93.48%  respectively.

Keywords: Hydrocarbons, Carbonmonoxide, Manganese Zeolites, Lead, TiO2
MODIFIKASI SILIKA GEL DENGAN AMINOPROPIL TRIMETOKSISILAN (APTMS) DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN Cr(VI)
Authors: Septhiani S.
Published: April 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kemampuan dan kapasitas silika termodifikasi (APTMS) dalam menyerap anion Cr(VI) Silika Gel (SG) yang disintesis dengan cara menambahkan larutan HCl 3M ke dalam campuran natrium silikat (Na2SiO3) dari abu sekam padi sebagai prekursor, sampai dengan pH 7. Proses pembuatan HAS dilakukan dengan menambahkan Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) pada SG hasil sintesis menggunakan metode grafting dengan pelarut toluena dalam sistem refluks. SG dan HAS dikarakterisasi dengan metode spektrofotometri inframerah (FTIR) dan difraksi sinar-X (XRD). Kajian adsorpsi dilakukan menggunakan sistem batch dengan variasi pH, waktu dan konsentrasi ion Cr (VI). Ion logam yang teradsorpsi dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan metode spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Model isoterm Freundlich dan Langmuir digunakan untuk menentukan kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi. Mekanisme reaksi dipelajari dalam desorpsi dengan variasi senyawa desorben dan variasi tingkat kebasaan desorben. Aplikasi adsorben dilakukan pada limbah pelapisan krom. pH optimum adsorpsi Cr (VI) yaitu pH 1  untuk SG dan pH 2 untuk HAS. Waktu maksimum adsorpsi SG dan HAS adalah 4 jam dan 30 menit. Studi kinetika adsorpsi menunjukan bahwa adsorpsi Cr (VI) mengikuti model kinetika orde 2 pada SG dan pseudo orde 2 pada HAS. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum HAS sebesar 55,8 mg/g dan SG sebesar 7,6 mg/g.

Kata kunci: adsorpsi, Cr(VI), hibrida aminosilika, limbah pelapisan krom, silika gel.
PENGARUH WAKTU POLIMERISASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KOMPOSIT POLIPIROL/KARBON AKTIF (PPy/KA) DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI ELEKTRODA SUPERKAPASITOR
Authors: Celcilia M. , Syahbanu I. , Aritonang A. B.
Published: April 2022

Komposit polipirol/karbon aktif tempurung kelapa (PPy/KA) telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode polimerisasi in-situ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lamanya waktu polimerisasi terhadap konduktivitas dan kapasitansi dari komposit PPy/KA. Tempurung kelapa dikarbonisasi pada suhu 250oC selama 2 jam dan diaktivasi dengan KOH 50%. Waktu polimerisasi yang digunakan pada sintesis PPy/KA yaitu 2 jam, 4 jam, 6 jam, dan 24 jam. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan karbon aktif tempurung kelapa yang diperoleh memenuhi syarat SNI 06-3730-1995. Hasil karakterisasi dari FTIR menunjukkan terjadi pergeseran serapan vibrasi ulur N-H pada 3433,29 cm-1, vibrasi ulur C=C pada 1558,48 cm-1 dan C-H out of plane pada 933,55 cm-1 pada PPy,  menjadi 3448,72 cm-1; 1566,48 cm-1 dan 925,83 cm-1 pada komposit PPy/KA. Pergeseran serapan ini menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara PPy dengan karbon aktif. Dari data hasil pengukuran dengan LCR-meter dan multimeter menunjukkan bahwa nilai kapasitansi dan konduktivitas terbaik diperoleh pada komposit PPy/KA variasi 4 jam yaitu nilai tegangan sebesar 0,535 V, nilai kapasitansi sebesar 59,17  dengan waktu pengisian selama 200 detik dan waktu pelepasan selama 1994 detik.

Kata Kunci: karbon aktif, komposit PPy/KA, polipirol, waktu polimerisasi.

Composite of polypyrrole/ coconut shell activated carbon (PPy/ KA) has been successfully synthesized by in-situ polymerization method. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of polymerization time on the conductivity and capacitance of PPy / KA composites. The coconut shell was carbonized at 250oC for 2 hours and activated with 50% KOH. The polymerization time for PPy/KA synthesis was 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours. The characterization results of the coconut shell activated carbon have met the national standard of SNI 06-3730-1995. The results from FTIR characterization showed that there was a shift in the absorption vibration of N-H stretching at 3433,29 cm-1,  C=C stretching at 1558,48 cm-1 and C-H out of plane at 933,55 cm-1 for PPy, shifted to 3448,72 cm-1; 1566,48 cm-1 and 925,83 cm-1 for PPy/KA composite. This indicated that there were interaction between KA and PPy.  From the data measurement using LCR-meter and multimeter showed that the best capacitance and conductivity values ??were obtained in the 4-hour variation PPy / KA composites. Voltage and capacitance measurement showed 0.535 V and 59.17 ?F, respectively, with a charging time of 200 seconds and discharging time of 1994 seconds.

Keywords: activated carbon, polymerization time, polypyrrole, PPy/KA composite.
PENGGUNAAN MOLEKUL CETAKAN ATENOLOL DAN MONOMER AKRILAMID PADA SINTESIS MOLECULAR IMPRINTING POLYMER
Authors: Mardiana U. , Nuraisyah S.
Published: April 2022

Dalam beberapa kompetisi cabang olahraga, obat golongan antihipertensi seperti atenolol sering disalahgunakan penggunaannya oleh atlet yang membutuhkan ketenangan dan konsentrasi penuh sebagai doping. Saat ini teknik pemisahan yang banyak dilakukan untuk identifikasi atenolol salah satunya menggunakan sorben Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensisntesis MIP menggunakan molekul cetakan atenolol dan monomer akrilamid. Pelepasan molekul cetakan dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut methanol. Identifikasi kadarnya diukur menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dan dilakukan sampai dengan  konsentrasi yang terukur di bawah nilai LOD. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kadar atenolol hasil pelepasan kembali  sebesar 8,88 ppm. Sementara nilai  LOD dan LOQ yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 11,184 ppm dan  37,282 ppm. MIP dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan spektrum NIP (Non Imprinted Polymer) dan MIP yang dihasilkan memiliki pola yang sama dan  diidentifikasi pada daerah bilangan gelombang 1500-500cm1.  Kekuatan desorpsi antara MIP dan NIP telah diidentifikasi dan diperoleh data bahwa nilai AUC MIP lebih besar daripada nilai AUC NIP dengan nilai % terelusi sebesar 733,74%.  MIP tersebut diaplikasikan pada tablet atenolol yang beredar di pasaran menggunakan eluen klorofom dan nilai perolehan kembali sebesar 53,33%.

Kata kunci: atenolol, doping, FTIR, HPLC, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP).

                Antihypertensive drugs like atenolol are frequently used as doping in many sports competitions by athletes who require calmness and full of concentration. Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) sorbent is currently the most widely used separation technique for atenolol identification because of its high selectivity for atenolol adsorption. The aim of this research was to synthesize MIP using atenolol molecules and acrylamide monomer. The extraction using methanol was applied to release the imprinted molecules. The concentration of etenolol was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) that was carried out until the atenolol concentration was below the detection limit (LOD). The results showed that the concentration of atenolol released was 8.88 ppm. Meanwhile, the LOD and LOQ values ??were 11,184 ppm and 37.282 ppm, respectively. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the MIP. The FTIR spectrum of NIP (Non Imprinted Polymer) and MIP showed the same pattern at the wave number range of 1500-500cm-1. The strength of desorption of MIP and NIP was determined, and data was gathered showing that the AUC MIP value was bigger than the AUC NIP one, with a percentage eluted value of 733.74 %. The MIP was applied to the commercially available atenolol tablets using chloroform eluent resulted in a recovery value of 53.33 %.

Keywords: atenolol, doping, FTIR, HPLC, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP).
PENENTUAN KONDISI OPTIMUM KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI UNTUK PEMISAHAN ASAM LEMAK HIDROKSAMIK BERBASIS MINYAK INTI BUAH KETAPANG
Authors: Pujamada A. , Suhendra D. , Gunawan E. R.
Published: April 2022

Sintesis Asam Lemak Hidroksamik (ALH) telah dilakukan dengan mereaksikan minyak inti buah ketapang dan hidroksilamina secara enzimatis menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi (Lipozyme TL IM). ALH yang didapatkan masih berupa campuran asam-asam lemak penyusun trigliserida minyak inti buah ketapang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pemisahan campuran ALH menjadi komponen tunggalnya serta persentase komposisinya menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Kolom, detektor, dan panjang gelombang  yang digunakan saat analisis masing-masing adalah kolom fase terbalik (reverse phase) SunFire C18 5 µm 4,6 x 150 mm, detektor Ultra Violet (UV), dan panjang gelombang 213 nm. Kondisi optimum pemisahan ALH yang diperoleh yaitu fase gerak metanol 100%, laju alir 0,25 mL/menit, konsentrasi sampel 10.000 ppm  dan volume injeksi sampel 20 µL. Komposisi asam-asam lemak hidroksamik yang berhasil dipisahkan adalah asam palmitil hidroksamik (13-14%), asam stearil hidroksamik (3-4%), asam oleil hidroksamik (25-26%), dan asam linoleil hidroksamik (59-60%).

Kata Kunci: asam lemak hidroksamik, minyak ketapang, KCKT, lipozyme.

           Fatty Hydroxamic Acid (FHA) synthesis was carried out by reacting ketapang kernel oil and hydroxilamine  enzymatically using immobilized lipase enzymes (Lipozyme TL IM). The FHA obtained is still in the form of a mixture of fatty acids that make up the triglycerides of the ketapang kernel oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the separation of FHA mixture into its single component and the percentage of its composition using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Column, detector, and wavelength used in the analysis were SunFire C18 5µm 4.6 x 150 mm reverse phase column, Ultra Violet (UV) detector, and 213 nm wavelength. The optimum conditions for FHA separation were 100% methanol mobile phase, 0.25 mL/minutes flow rate, 10.000 ppm sample concentration, and 20 µL sample injection volume. The composition of the hydroxamic fatty acids that were successfully separated were palmithyl hydroxamic acid (13-14%), stearyl hydroxamic acid (3-4%), oleyl hydroxamic acid (25-26%), and linoleyl hydroxamic acid (59-60%).

Keywords: fatty hydroxamic acid, ketapang oil, HPLC, lipozyme.
Akomodasi Linguistik Antaretnis pada Pedagang di Pasar Kodok Tabanan
Authors: Oka Suka Atmaja I Dewa Ketut , Dhanawaty Ni Made
Published: April 2022

This research was related to interethnic linguistic accommodation for traders in the Pasar Kodok Tabanan. The heterogeneous demographics of traders in the Pasar Kodok Tabanan triggered accommodation. This study discussed two main problems that becoming the research study, namely: (1) interethnic accommodation models in the Tabanan Kodok Market, (2) factors causing interethnic accommodation in the Tabanan Kodok Market. The approach model used in this study was a mixed method. The theory used to analyze the problems in this study was sociolinguistic theory including language accommodation which was used as a grand theory and it was supported by other sociolinguistic theories.

            The results of the analysis showed that, of the 60 respondents the traders in the Tabanan Kodok Market indicated that traders in the Pasar Kodok Tabanan were classified as heterogeneous and were a bilingual or even multilingual community. The accommodation model found in traders in the Pasar Kodok Tabanan based on their accommodation direction, namely EJ and EM, tends to have horizontal convergence, while EB tends to convergence upwards.
Analisis Wacana Iklan Minuman pada Media Internet
Authors: Tia Aprilia Christandian Putu , Simpen I Wayan , Putra Anak Agung Putu
Published: April 2022

Drink advertising is one of media that utilizes the biggest grammatical in promotional activities. The varian of discourse uses a choice of certain lingual units are composed of structure to achieve advertising purpose. This study aims to determine the cohesion parts, structure, and the aims of the beverage advertising through the discourse analysis approach. Data ware taken by observing the units beverage advertisement on internet. The qualitative approach is used to tell data descriptively and analyzed by agitation and matching methods. The results show (1) grammatical cohesion, namely: ellipsis, conjunctions, and noun repetition in lexical cohesion, (2) discourse structure is not equipped with a cover Minute Maid, Lemon Lime Sprite, and Coca-Cola. The dominant opening section aims to attract consumers' interest through the questions are given, and use propositions to attract special attention by writting customers’ name on Coca-Cola taq. The objective approach widely used in body of Lemon Lime Sprites, Yoo-Hoo Chocolate Drink, and Muscle Milk. Then, the advertising discourse has a closing part namely Yoo-Hoo Chocolate Drink uses hard technique, and Muscle Milk has subtle technique.
Translation Procedures Applied in Translating Immigration Terminologies
Authors: Shanti Nilayani Wayan
Published: April 2022

Translating technical terminologies that belong to special field is challenging, especially to those who are not mastering the field. In translating the immigration terminologies found in the regulations concerning immigration, the translators applied various translation procedures in order to maintain the meaning. The aim of this research is to identify the translation procedures applied in translating the immigration terminologies found in the data source. The data were collected from Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 104 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 69 Tahun 2015 tentang Bebas Visa Kunjungan, along with their translations. Qualitative research approach is applied in this writing. The theory used to analyze the data is the theory of translation proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet. The result of the research showed that in translating the immigration terminologies found in the data source, the translator applied 5 (five) out of 7 (seven) translation procedures. These 5 (five) procedures are borrowing, calque, literal, transposition, and modulation. The other 2 (two) translation procedures that were not applied are equivalence and adaptation.
Klasifikasi Semantik Adjektiva Bahasa Jawa Dialek Malang
Authors: Shitadewi Ida Ayu , Dhanawaty Ni Made
Published: April 2022

This research aims at classifying semantic meaning of adjective in Javanese language Malang dialect (to be called BJDM). This research utilizing data taken from daily conversation of BJDM native speakers, as well as from interviewing the native speakers to talk about selected topics such as Malang city now and then, neighborhood, description of family and relatives, description of pets, and neighborhood activities.

 

Dixon’s (2010) semantic types associated with adjective which classified for universal language is implemented to analyze the data. To provide the data, the researcher interviewed and recorded the native speakers of BJDM. Analysis method used in this research is distributable method with technique of distributing into components.

 This research resulted in eight semantic classes of adjective, which are composed of (1) color, (2) age, (3) dimension, (4) speed, (5) value, (6) condition, (7) position, (8) quantity. Some of these classes are specified into subclasses, as in class of color specified into primary color, color pattern, and secondary color, in class of age specified into age for being and thing, in class of dimension specified into shape and measurement, in class of value specified into value related to human, and value related to non-human, and in class of speed specified into time and movement.
Geographic Indonesia April 2020 Issue
Authors: Titah Madriyanthi Utama Luh Gde , Udayana I Nyoman
Published: April 2022

This research aims to study news translation in magazines, specifically about textual manipulation which occurred in the National Geographic Indonesia April 2020 issue. The analysis applied the theory of translation strategies by Chesterman (2016) but only referred to the syntactic strategy. This study also applied a qualitative method and the analysis is presented descriptively. The analysis revealed the textual changes that occurred in the articles in the National Geographic Indonesia Magazine April 2020 issue. Textual manipulations are the results of the application of translation strategies which are observable through the comparison of both the translation product itself and the original text. Therefore, they can be linked with Chesterman’s syntactic strategies which are found in the data. Based on the data analysis, the following strategies were found, they are literal translation, loan or calque, transposition, unit shift, phrase structure change, clause structure change, sentence structure change, cohesion change, and level shift.
Linguistics Landscapes: New Normal Life Representation in Kuta, Bali
Authors: Mulyawan I Wayan , Istri Aryani I Gusti Agung
Published: April 2022

The covid-19 pandemic has influenced all human life worldwide. This pandemic affects all life in the world, including in Indonesia. Covid-19 had destroyed all aspects of life in Indonesia. One of the most devastating sectors affected is the tourism industry. In order to boost economic sustainability, the Indonesian government, through the Health Ministry, had issued a circular letter no. HK.02.01/MENKES/335/2020 about Protokol Pencegahan Penularan Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) di Tempat Kerja Sektor Jasa dan Perdagangan (Area Publik) dalam Mendukung Keberlangsungan Usaha [Protocol for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) Transmission in the Workplace of the Service and Trade Sector (Public Area) in Supporting Business Continuity]. This study is aimed to investigate the implementation of the Covid-19 protocol as an adaptation of New Normal life in Kuta village, Bali, Indonesia. It is chosen as the research area since Kuta is one of the international tourist destinations in Bali that mostly rely on the tourism industry. The data of this study is taken from any outdoor sign representing New Normal protocol in the area. The documentation method and note-taking technique were applied in collecting the data. The analysis is based on linguistics landscapes theory. The result showed that there are 199 outdoors signs found in 10 groups of most tourism facilities. The language of the sign is dominated by the Indonesian language with 84 signs, followed by the combination of English and Indonesian language with 55 signs.
Illocutionary Acts in President Joe Biden’s Speech
Authors: Atusaadah Maghfirah , Zuindra Zuindra
Published: April 2022

This article aimed to specify  the kinds of illocutionary acts and defined the existence of illocutionary acts and their meaning in a speech to discover the outcomes of the maximum dominant kinds of illocutionary acts in President Joe Biden's speech. The research method used in completing this research becomes the descriptive qualitative method. In studying the data, the theory of Searle (1979) becomes used to determine the illocutionary act category of the speaker utterances. The tool used in collecting and analyzing the information was the speech video of President Joe Biden and the script acquired from the internet. The result of this research confirmed that there was 41 information and the researcher observed five types of the illocutionary act by using Searle’s theory in President Joe Biden’s speech which are assertive, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative. The most dominant was assertive illocutionary act that implies stating, announcing, reporting, assertion, claiming, telling, informing, assuring, complaining, and concluding.
Politeness in Using Mandailingnese Personal Subject Pronouns in Medan
Authors: Tanjung Surya Ningsih , Mayasari Mayasari
Published: April 2022

This research aims to explain and reveal Politeness in Using Mandailingnese Personal Subject Pronouns by trying to find out of the types, the way and the reason of used mandailingnese personal subject pronouns mostly by people in Medan around Lingkungan Kelurahan Bantan Timur. The theory of this research used Leech (2014) Brown&Levinson (1987) theory. This research took 25 respondent and conducted quantitatively. The data was collected by using questionnaire that distributed to different people. The finding of this research shows that Mandailingnese Personal Subject Pronouns are mostly used by people live at Lingkungan Kelurahan Bantan Timur. The First Personal Subject Pronouns Au/Ku with 89 times chosen (51%), Second Personal Subject Pronouns Ho/Hamu/Amu with 118 times chosen (67%), Third Personal Subject Pronouns Ia/Halai with 115 times chosen (65%). The reason why people live at Lingkungan Kelurahan Bantan Timur use Mandailingnese Personal Subject Pronouns are determine by gender, situation, age and familiarity. The reason of people using Mandailingnese Personal Subject Pronouns were making no distance/gap, adapting the situation, knowing the rules of communication and learning from family also the findings of this research revealed that four parameters of politeness influenced chosen of pronouns, and the use of the pronouns of Mandailing People itself influenced the level of politeness.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BACK MASSAGE AND ULTRASOUND THERAPY COMBINED WITH HOME-BASED EXERCISE IN REDUCING DISABILITY IN MECHANICAL LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Saraswati Putu Ayu SIta , Thanaya Sayu Aryantari Putri , Nugraha Made Hendra Satria
Published: April 2022

Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Mechanical LBP is a cumulative process caused by physical workloads, errors when lifting, and poor posture while working, which causes the lower back to experience heavy mechanical stress. This can result in pain and limitation of motion in the lumbar spine, thereby increasing the level of disability. The combination of ultrasound therapy with back massage is often used in general to treat mechanical LBP. The addition of home-based exercise to this combination is expected to accelerate tissue repair, reduce pain, and increase the range of joint motion, and it is expected that disability will decrease. This study aimed to compare the combination of back massage and ultrasound therapy with or without home based exercise in reducing disability due to mechanical LBP. This single blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted for 4 weeks involving 24 subjects with mechanical LBP, who were randomly assigned to a treatment group or control group. Disability due to mechanical LBP was measured using the Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI), which was assessed at baseline and after the last treatment was given. After treatment, between-group analysis using the independent t-test found the mean reduction of MODI score significantly different between the intervention and control group after receiving the intervention. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of home-based exercise to back massage and ultrasound therapy can significantly reduce disability due to mechanical LBP.
Combination Intervention Mulligan’s Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides and Ultrasounds Better Than Combination Intervention Stretching And Ultrasounds For Increasing Functional Activity Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patient
Authors: Putra Yudi Pramana , Widnyana M. , Saraswati Ni Luh Putu Gita Karunia
Published: April 2022

Abstract— Non-specific low back pain is one of the complaints that very often encountered with a picture of complaints originating without a clear cause. Non-specific low back pain is often a reason for the limitation of functional activity in patients because of pain symptoms and muscle tightness around the patient's lower back. The aim of this research is to prove that the Mulligan intervention, namely SNAGS as the latest intervention combined with physiotherapy modalities of ultrasounds, is more effective in improving the functional quality of non-specific low back pain patients than the combination of conventional stretching interventions with ultrasounds. The research method used in this study is the design of experimental research methods in the form of a pre-test and post-test two group design. In its implementation, there will be two groups with the number of each sample in each group consisting of 16 samples selected at random with the block permutation technique. Group 1 will receive conventional stretching and ultrasounds, while group 2 will receive mulligan's “sustained natural apophyseal glides” (SNAGS) and ultrasounds. The patient's functional activity was measured by the MODI (Modified Oswestry Disability Index) questionnaire. The study was conducted at a physiotherapy clinic in Denpasar. The results obtained in this study after processing the Paired T-Test test data in each group to determine whether there is a significant difference between pre and post from each combination, obtained with a p value <0.05, this indicates that there is a difference significant. The difference test between groups was carried out showing that there was a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group with the Independent T-Test test, getting a p value of <0.05 which has an interpretation of a significant difference. The conclusion obtained after the test and discussion of this study is that the mulligan intervention, namely SNAGS as the latest intervention combined with physiotherapy modalities of ultrasounds, is more effective in improving the functional quality of patients with non-specific low back pain than the combination of conventional stretching interventions with ultrasounds.

 

Keywords: Mulligan's SNAGS, Ultrasound, Conventional Stretching, Non Specific Low Back Pain, Decreased Functional Activity
CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTVITIY AND SLEEP QUALITY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Siloam Azriel , Adiatmika I Putu Gede , Dwi-Primayanti I Dewa Ayu Inten , Sundari Luh Putu Ratna
Published: April 2022

A downward trend of physical activity level within the population of college students was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various adjustments within their daily habits caused changes to the population’s sleep quality and physical activity level. The purpose of this study is to research the correlation between physical activity level and sleep quality in preclinical medical students in Udayana University. This study was conducted using an analytic cross-sectional method and consecutive sampling technique involving 282 preclinical medical students of Udayana University from academic year of 2018, 2019, and 2020. The data were obtained via the scores of Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The GPAQ score showed that 123 (43.6%), 127 (45%), and 32 respondents (11.4%) respectively had a low, moderate, and high level of physical activity. Meanwhile, the PSQI score showed that 102 respondents (36.2%) had a good sleep quality and 180 respondents (63.8%) had a bad sleep quality. The average PSQI score of the respondents was 5.23 (cut off = 5). The correlation between the level of physical activity and sleep quality was analyzed using the Chi-Square method and was deemed insignificant (p = 0.172; 2-sided). The majority of preclinical medical students had low-to-moderate level of physical activity and bad sleep quality. No significant correlation was found between level of physical activity and sleep quality in preclinical medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are needed to determine other factors that might affect physical activity level and sleep quality within the population.
Keywords : Physical Activity Level; Sleep Quality; GPAQ; PSQI; COVID-19
وەرگێرانا ئەدەبی و دووبارە ئاڤاكرنا تێكستێ‌ رەسەن د زمانێ ئارمانجدا
Authors: Khamo Khedir Shamal
Published: April 2022

وەرگێران ب مەرەما گەهاندنا هەمان نامەیا گۆتن و نڤیسنێ هاتیە هەبوونێ، ب درێژیا دیرۆكێ چاوانیا باشتر گەهاندنا وێ نامێ كەفتییە بەر بووچون و ڤەكولینێن جودا. كومەكا بووچونا ئالیگریا وەرگێرانا پەیڤ ب پەیڤ دكر، د باشترگەهاندنا وێ‌ پەیامێدا، دگوتن: د ڕۆخسار و نیشانێن پەیڤاندا نهێنیێن خودایی هەنە، لەوما نابت هیچ پەیڤەك د تێكستێ‌ زمانێ‌ ڕەسەندا بمینت و نەهێتە وەرگێران، دوور ژ هندێ تێكستێ زمانێ‌ ئارمانج ب چ ڕەنگ و دارێتن بهێتە هەبوونێ. بەشەكێ دن ئالیگریا وەرگێرانا ڕامان و گەوهەرێ ناڤەرۆكێ ب ڕێیا بەرامبەركرنا ڕامانێ‌ د وەرگێرانێدا دكر، لگەل بەرچاڤگرتنا سرۆشتێ زمانێ بۆ دهێتە وەرگێران. ئەڤێ قایشكێشانێ ب سەدان سالا ڤەكێشا هەتاكو وەرگێران بوویە زانستەكێ‌ سەربەخۆ و رێ و رێبازێن جودا بۆ باشتر وەرگێرانا مەبەستێن تێكستێ‌ رەسەن پەیدابووین. هەر لسەر ئەڤی بنەمای و هەبوونا ئەوان رێبازێن جودا یێن د زانستێ وەرگێرانێدا هاتین، پێدڤییە نە ب تنێ وەرگێران بهێتەكرن، بەلكو د ڕێیا وێدا دووبارە ئاڤاكرن و داهێنان بهێتە ئەنجامدان، ئەو داهێنان د رێیا رێبازا ئازاد و وەرگێرێ‌ وێرەكدا دهێتە كرن، واتە دوور ژ هژمارتن و پیڤانا پەیڤان تێكستێ وەرگێرای بهێتە خومالیكرن، ئەو خومالیكرن ب تنێ‌ ب زانینا زمانی ڕەسەن و ئارمانج ناهێتەكرن، بەلكو ب هەبوونا بەهرەیەكا هونەری یا وەرگێرانێ ئەوا خۆ د زێدەكرن و كورتكرن و بەرامبەركرنا ڕامانێ‌ و جوانكرنا فورمیدا دبینت.
نماذج من إختلاف الروايات التاريخية حول أحداث السيرة النبوية والمنهجية العلمية في التعامل معها
Authors: Ismael Ahmad Khatab
Published: April 2022

يلاحظ على الروايات التاريخية عن سيرة النبي e وجود تعدد واختلاف في الحادثة الواحدة بالنسبة لحياة النبي e، بل أنه لوحظ وجود إختلاف في معظم الجزئيات المتعلقة بحياة النبي e، ويرجع السبب في ذلك إلى أن سيرة النبي e لم تكتب في عصره وعصر الصحابة رضي الله عنهم، بل بدأ تدوين سيرته e على يد التابعين، ويعود ذلك إلى عدة اسباب لا سيما ابرزها نهي النبي e عن كتابة أي شيء غير القرآن الكريم، سواءً كان ذلك حديثه أو سيرته e، وذلك مخافة أن يختلطا بالقرآن الكريم، ويبدو أن بعض الصحابة كان قد كتب شيئاً من ذلك ولكنهم محوه، إمتثالاً لأمر النبي e، بعدم كتابة أي شيء عنه e غير القرآن الكريم، ومن كتبه عنه شيئاً فليمحه، الذي جاء بصيغة فعل الأمر، فضلاً عن اسباب أخرى ستناقش في مضمون البحث أن شاء الله تعالى.

ستتناول هذه الدراسة عدة نماذج عن أحداث حياة النبي e، منها على سبيل المثال الروايات المختلفة عن مسألة تقدير عمر النبي e، هل كان بالسنوات الميلادية أم الهجرية، وما الفرق بينهما؟ ومسألة ولادة النبي e، هل ولد يتيم الأب، أم توفي والده عبد الله بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم، بعد ولادته، ومسألة الإختلاف حول عدد أولاد النبي e من الذكور، ومسألة بني قريظة بعد خيانتهم للمسلمين، هل فعلاً تم قتل جميع رجالهم، أم أن المسألة فيها نظر؟ وغيرها من المسائل المختلف فيها، التي ستتم مناقشتها في هذه الدراسة.

أما منهجية التعامل مع تلك الروايات المتعددة والمختلفة، فستكون من خلال الإعتماد على روايات من السيرة النبوية، وبعض الأحداث التي يمكن أن يستنتج منها ترجيح أحد تلك الآراء بما يتوافق مع العقل والمنطق، ولا يتعارض مع القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة، وذلك بالتحليل والمناقشة والمقارنة.