bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ohmic baking of gluten‐free bread: role of non‐gluten protein on GF bread structure and properties
Authors: Waziiroh Elok , Bender Denisse , Jäger Henry , Schönlechner Regine
Published: November 2022

Batter stabilisation presents a great challenge for gluten‐free (GF) bread, as CO2 is released during bread‐making process, resulting in small, dense and crumbly breads. Apart from starch, protein plays a crucial role in gas cell stabilisation. This study aims to assess the effect of non‐gluten protein from different sources (plant and animal) on GF batter's rheological behaviour (pasting properties, rheology and foam stability) and on bread properties after baking with conventional and ohmic heating method. Hence, this study evaluated the functional properties (protein solubility, hydrophobicity, sulfhydryl groups, foaming and emulsification properties) of selected non‐gluten protein relevant for foam stabilisation. Furthermore, a correlation matrix was established by involving the functional properties of the proteins and their interaction with starch on batter rheology and bread quality. Among proteins, egg albumin and potato proteins were reported to perform superior functionality in GF bread; in particular, potato protein generated breads with the highest volume for both baking methods, which was potential to replace egg albumin. According to the correlation matrix, protein solubility was required in foaming and emulsification behaviour to improve GF bread properties.
L‐histidine‐assisted ultrasound improved microstructure and gelation properties of reduced‐salt surimi (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) gel
Authors: Wu Wenmin , Jiang Qixing , Gao Pei , Yu Dawei , Yang Fang , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui
Published: November 2022

In this study, the effect of several additives, including CaCl2, L‐histidine (L‐His) and sodium pyrophosphate, incorporation with ultrasound treatment on the gel properties of reduced‐salt surimi, was tested. Among these additives and ultrasound treatment times, 0.1% L‐His and 10‐min ultrasound alone were determined to be more effective in increasing the gel strength, water‐holding capacity (WHC) and reducing cooking loss (CL) of reduced‐salt (1% NaCl) surimi gel. L‐His and ultrasound alone or in combination could facilitate the transition of α‐helix to β‐sheet and random coil, thereby increasing hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds in the gel. The results of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the proportion of immobilised water (PT22) in reduced‐salt surimi gel was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The storage modulus (G′) of reduced‐salt surimi gel was also increased. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy results showed that the gels treated with L‐His and ultrasound alone or in combination had a more compact network structure. Notably, the synergy of L‐His combined ultrasound treatment was the most effective in enhancing the characteristics of reduced‐salt surimi gel.
Autoclaving and ultrasonication for reducing digestible starch in cassava pulp: modification of cell wall composition, sorption properties, and resistant starch content
Authors: Strack Karen Nataly , García María Alejandra , Cabezas Darío Marcelino , Viña Sonia Zulma , Dini Cecilia
Published: November 2022

Autoclaving (15 min, 121 °C, 1 atm overpressure) and high‐intensity ultrasound (3 pulses of 1 min, 750 W, 20 kHz, 80% amplitude) were evaluated individually or combined in cassava pulp to reduce the digestible starch and increase the fibre content. Ultrasound alone produced minimal modifications, and the subsequent autoclaving increased the oil‐binding capacity and swelling. Autoclaving alone significantly increased total dietary fibre (TDF) from 14.7% to 21.4%, and the ratio of hemicellulose to lignocellulose. It also reduced the extractable starch from 42.7% to 7.5% and the resistant starch from 7.4% to 3.1%. Despite the higher digestibility, the starch digestion rate with pancreatic α‐amylase was slower. Starch solubility increased at 25, 68, and 90 °C. Ultrasonication after autoclaving reduced the hemicellulose percentage, but the sorption properties remained unchanged. Resistant starch substantially increased to 39.9%, mainly composed of RS1 (inaccessible starch), and starch solubility decreased at the three temperatures assayed.
Preferences for lemon consumption by Mexicans and its relationship with consumer needs, emotions, and attitudes
Authors: Angel Cárdenas‐Cágal , Andrés Herrera‐Corredor J. , Salinas‐Ruiz Josafhat , Osorio‐Acosta Francisco , Hernández‐Rosas Francisco
Published: November 2022

The present study aimed to explore the preferences for lemon consumption, as well as the different reactions that consumers show regarding basic needs, emotions, and attitudes. A survey created with Google tools was distributed through social networks. A total of 522 responses were collected, 43% from males and 57% from females. The results showed that ‘juiciness’ was the most valued attribute (90%), followed by ‘green’ (58%), ‘seedless’ (44%), and ‘large’ (43%). The ‘fresh lemon’ form was the most preferred for lemon consumption (96%), followed by ‘lemon juice’ (39%). Lemon consumption was linked to physiological and safety needs; significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed with age, occupation, and frequency of consumption. People over 40 years of age expressed complete agreement that lemon consumption satisfied their food needs. The attitudes shown about lemon consumption depended on sex and age. Females showed a more positive attitude than males towards the importance of lemon consumption, better facing different situations and considering the great benefits of the fruit. Similar behaviour was observed among those older than 40 years, who highlighted the benefits of the fruit. The main emotional traits that were manifested in lemon consumption were feeling good, satisfied, active, happy, and of good character.
Utility of CD229 as novel marker in measurable residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma—An evidence‐based approach
Authors: Rai Sandeep , Das Nupur , Gupta Ritu , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Atul , Singh Saroj , Prajapati Vijay K.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

CD229 has been found to be a useful plasma cell (PC) gating marker in multiple myeloma (MM). This study analyses the expression profile of CD229 on various bone marrow compartments namely, PC, non‐PC and hematogones (HGs) using Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). Furthermore, it evaluates the ability of CD229 to delineate normal PC (NPC) from aberrant PC (APC) in measurable residual disease assessment (MRD) in MM.

Methods

Bone marrow aspirates from patients diagnosed with MM (per standard IMWG criteria) were collected in EDTA and processed for MFC using a single tube 14‐color antibody panel as per standard operating procedure.

Results

A total of 74 patients with a diagnosis of MM (26 treatment naïve and 48 on therapy) were evaluated. The expression of CD229 was homogenous on both the PC and HG compartments as compared to CD138 and CD38. On comparing the expression of individual markers, it was found to be statistically significant between PC, HGs and non‐PC for all three markers (p < 0.001). APC showed lower median expression of CD38 and higher median expression of CD138 and CD229 as compared to NPC and was found to be statistically significant for all markers (p < 0.001). In terms of differential expression on NPC and APC; CD38 was found to be the most aberrantly expressed (70%; 52/74) followed by CD229 (7%; 5/74) and CD138 (5%; 4/74).

Conclusions

CD229 can be used for the identification of PC and due to relatively homogenous expression; it can be used as a suitable marker for targeted therapies. However, precise discrimination of NPC from APC cannot be reliably achieved with CD229, limiting its utility as a useful marker of diagnostic relevance and MRD assessment in MM.
Emergency typhoid immunisation after the fall of Singapore 1942
Authors: Shanks G. Dennis
Published: November 2022

Singapore surrendered to the Japanese invasion in February 1942 after its water supply collapsed. At the suggestion of the colonial medical authorities, an emergency typhoid immunisation campaign was then begun using locally manufactured vaccine from extemporary materials; within 3 months, >600 000 had been immunised. Comparison with prewar statistics suggests that a postsurrender typhoid fever epidemic was prevented despite an increase in other enteric infections. Public health crises with disrupted supply chains may make locally manufactured vaccines of increasing importance in the future.
Intersectional organizing: Building solidarity through radical confrontation
Authors: Lee Tamara L. , Tapia Maite
Published: November 2022

IR scholars reference intersectionality in relation to organizing, but the field lacks a theoretical construct. Based on 2 years of intimate data access, we examine the 2017 U.S. Women's March as a critical case of “intersectional organizing.” We ground this empirical case study in Critical Race and Intersectionality Theory to show how the intersectional organizing model employed by the Women's March handles identity‐based fragmentation, with lessons for building a more inclusive labor movement.
I can(not) control myself: The role of self‐transcendence values and situational strength in explaining depleted managers' interpersonal injustice
Authors: Behrendt Philine , Camps Jeroen , Klumb Petra L.
Published: November 2022

This study investigated whether, and under what conditions, self‐control demands (SCD) are associated with less interpersonal justice (politeness or respect) and more interpersonal injustice (degrading or inappropriate remarks) behavior. Drawing from extended self‐control theory and integrating the motivation literature, we posit that (1) SCD have a stronger effect on actors' attempts not to be unfair than on their attempts to be fair because avoidance behavior is more demanding than approach behavior. Further, extended self‐control theory posits that people control themselves more effectively when they are personally motivated and external standards are present. Accordingly, we further posit that (2) emphasizing self‐transcendence values (i.e., the stable motivational goal to consider others' welfare) and (3) acting in strong situations (i.e., the presence of external normative standards on appropriate behavior) buffer the SCD effect. Results from two realistic simulation studies show that SCD were related to actors' interpersonal justice and injustice behavior. Across both studies, different results patterns, and relationships with the other variables for justice and injustice emerged. Thus, although the stronger effect of SCD on injustice (vs. justice) was not generally supported, the finding suggests that adhering to and not violating interpersonal justice rules are indeed different from one another. In addition, SCD were less detrimental among actors with higher self‐transcendence values and when actors operated in strong (vs. weak) contexts. A three‐way interaction showed that especially among actors with low self‐transcendence values, who act in weak contexts, SCD provoked injustice. We discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Who owns the land? Territorial ownership understandings and intergroup relations in a settler society
Authors: Nooitgedagt Wybren , Martinović Borja , Verkuyten Maykel , Yogeeswaran Kumar
Published: November 2022

Conflicts over the ownership of territory have shaped intergroup relations between indigenous and nonindigenous groups in settler societies. Using latent profile analysis, we found four different subgroups of individuals among a sample of European New Zealanders based on their perceived ingroup (NZ European) and outgroup (Māori) ownership. Most people (75.9%) perceived shared territorial ownership, but there were also individuals predominantly recognizing ingroup ownership (8.2%), outgroup ownership (6.4%), or no territorial ownership (9.4%). These subgroups differed in meaningful ways in their support for principles of ownership, perceived rights and responsibilities, compensation for Māori, and support for strict immigration policies.
SNP‐ and haplotype‐based single‐step genomic predictions for body weight, wool, and reproductive traits in North American Rambouillet sheep
Authors: Araujo Andre C. , Carneiro Paulo L. S. , Oliveira Hinayah R. , Lewis Ronald M. , Brito Luiz F.
Published: November 2022

Rambouillet sheep are commonly raised in extensive grazing systems in the US, mainly for wool and meat production. Genomic evaluations in US sheep breeds, including Rambouillet, are still incipient. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of performing genomic prediction of breeding values for various traits in Rambouillet sheep based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or haplotypes (fitted as pseudo‐SNP) under a single‐step GBLUP approach. A total of 28,834 records for birth weight (BWT), 23,306 for postweaning weight (PWT), 5,832 for yearling weight (YWT), 9,880 for yearling fibre diameter (YFD), 11,872 for yearling greasy fleece weight (YGFW), and 15,984 for number of lambs born (NLB) were used in this study. Seven hundred forty‐one individuals were genotyped using a moderate (50 K; n = 677) or high (600 K; n = 64) density SNP panel, in which 32 K SNP in common between the two SNP panels (after genotypic quality control) were used for further analyses. Single‐step genomic predictions using SNP (H‐BLUP) or haplotypes (HAP‐BLUP) from blocks with different linkage disequilibrium (LD) thresholds (0.15, 0.35, 0.50, 0.65, and 0.80) were evaluated. We also considered different blending parameters when constructing the genomic relationship matrix used to predict the genomic‐enhanced estimated breeding values (GEBV), with alpha equal to 0.95 or 0.50. The GEBV were compared to the estimated breeding values (EBV) obtained from traditional pedigree‐based evaluations (A‐BLUP). The mean theoretical accuracy ranged from 0.499 (A‐BLUP for PWT) to 0.795 (HAP‐BLUP using haplotypes from blocks with LD threshold of 0.35 and alpha equal to 0.95 for YFD). The prediction accuracies ranged from 0.143 (A‐BLUP for PWT) to 0.330 (A‐BLUP for YGFW) while the prediction bias ranged from −0.104 (H‐BLUP for PWT) to 0.087 (HAP‐BLUP using haplotypes from blocks with LD threshold of 0.15 and alpha equal to 0.95 for YGFW). The GEBV dispersion ranged from 0.428 (A‐BLUP for PWT) to 1.035 (A‐BLUP for YGFW). Similar results were observed for H‐BLUP or HAP‐BLUP, independently of the LD threshold to create the haplotypes, alpha value, or trait analysed. Using genomic information (fitting individual SNP or haplotypes) provided similar or higher prediction and theoretical accuracies and reduced the dispersion of the GEBV for body weight, wool, and reproductive traits in Rambouillet sheep. However, there were no clear improvements in the prediction bias when compared to pedigree‐based predictions. The next step will be to enlarge the training populations for this breed to increase the benefits of genomic predictions.
Social distancing and trouble sleeping during COVID‐19 pandemic among older adults in Europe: Mediating and moderating effects
Authors: Khalaila Rabia , Shiovitz‐Ezra Sharon
Published: November 2022

Purpose

We examined the association between social distancing and trouble sleeping during the COVID‐19 outbreak in adults 65+, and underlying potential mechanisms.

Methods

We used data from the extensive Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Logistic regression analysis tested the direct and indirect associations between social distancing and trouble sleeping during the pandemic, the mediation effect of depression, and the moderating‐mediation effects of perceived economic status and employment status.

Findings

Social distancing was associated with a higher probability of sleeping problems, partially mediated by depression and moderated by employment status and perceived economic status. Depression had a greater effect on trouble sleeping among those unemployed and those who perceived their economic status as difficult or partially difficult.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 policy of lockdowns and physical distancing has negative consequences on sleeping and the development of depressive symptoms among older adults.

Clinical and policy relevance

Clinicians should be aware of sleep problems in older adults during the pandemic and after, and try to reduce depressive symptoms. Policymakers should determine future policies and regulations that encourage employment among older adults and improve their economic resilience during pandemics.
Impulsivity in patients with acne excoriee
Authors: Öğüt Çağrı , Öğüt Neslihan Demirel
Published: November 2022

Background

Impulsivity is the tendency to make decisions and act quickly without adequate planning and anticipating risks. Impulsivity is among the core symptoms of many psychiatric disorders. In addition, impulsivity can affect the course of various diseases shaped by behaviors.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the presence of acne excoriee and different impulsivity dimensions.

Study Design

A case–control study.

Methods

Thirty patients with acne excoriee (AE+) and 30 acne vulgaris patients without excoriated lesions (AE‐) enrolled in this study. Impulsivity was evaluated by The Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS). In addition, The Beck Anxiety Inventory, The Beck Depression Inventory, and The Skin Picking Scale were applied to assess the clinical characteristics of the participants.

Results

AE+ patients had higher non‐planning subscale scores of BIS than AE‐ patients in this study. In addition, the acne‐picking severity score determined by The Skin Picking Scale was positively correlated with non‐planning subscale scores of BIS. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Conclusions

These results indicate that AE patients have a lack of forethought. In other words, it has been shown that impulsive personality traits, which indicate a lack of planning for the future, may be associated with the acne‐picking behavior of the patients.
Perceived employability and employee strain: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Harari Michael B. , McCombs Kate M. , Thams Yannick
Published: November 2022

This meta‐analysis addresses the association between perceived employability (PE) and employee strain (k = 34). Consistent with expectations, PE was negatively related to strain (ρ = −.12, 95% CI = −.16 to −.08). Moderator analysis showed that this relationship was stronger post‐2008 (ρ = −.20, 84% CI = −.23 to −.17) versus pre‐2008 (ρ = −.06, 84% CI = −.08 to −.05) and in high (ρ = −.17, 84% CI = −.21 to −.14) versus low (ρ = −.07, 84% CI = −.09 to −.06) uncertainty avoidant cultures. Our results suggest that career competency development interventions can be effective for reducing employee strain and that national uncertainty avoidance need be incorporated into models of boundaryless careers, especially as it relates to employee health and well‐being.
Perceptions of School Climate Shape Adolescent Health Behavior: A Longitudinal Multischool Study
Authors: Ko Michelle Y. , Rosenberg Sofia M. , Meza Benjamin P. L. , Dudovitz Rebecca N. , Dosanjh Kulwant K. , Wong Mitchell D.
Published: November 2022

Background

Adolescent behaviors and academic outcomes are thought to be shaped by school climate. We sought to identify longitudinal associations between school climate measures and downstream health and academic outcomes.

Methods

Data from a longitudinal survey of public high school students in Los Angeles were analyzed. Eleventh‐grade health and academic outcomes (dependent variables, eg, substance use, delinquency, risky sex, bullying, standardized exams, college matriculation), were modeled as a function of 10th‐grade school climate measures (independent variables: institutional environment, student‐teacher relationships, disciplinary style), controlling for baseline outcome measures and student/parental covariates.

Results

The 1114 student respondents (87.8% retention), were 46% male, 90% Latinx, 87% born in the United States, and 40% native English speakers. Greater school order and teacher respect for students were associated with lower odds of multiple high risk behaviors including 30‐day alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.72, 0.92] and OR 0.73; [0.62, 0.85]) and 30‐day cannabis use (OR 0.74; [0.59, 0.91] and OR 0.76; [0.63, 0.92]). Neglectful disciplinary style was associated with multiple poor health and academic outcomes while permissive disciplinary style was associated with favorable academic outcomes.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

School health practitioners may prospectively leverage school environment, teacher‐student relationships, and disciplinary style to promote health and learning.

Conclusions

Our findings identify specific modifiable aspects of the school environment with critical implications for life course health.
Leveraging Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Tool for Knowledge, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Woolweaver Ashley B. , Drescher Anne , Medina Courtney , Espelage Dorothy L.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Sexual education programs in the United States are rooted in inequitable structures and are often inadequate at educating marginalized student groups such as students of color, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ+), women, and disabled students.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEORY

Current sexual education is irregularly implemented and often excludes or misrepresents the experiences of students with marginalized identities. This theoretical paper specifically discusses ways that sexual education has been harmful or exclusionary for marginalized student groups and how a shift toward making sexual education inclusive and equitable will improve outcomes for students of all identities.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

This paper discusses several recommendations on improving access to equitable sexual health education for all students including reviewing and improving sexual education curriculum and delivery, as well as the need for additional research focused on this topic.

CONCLUSIONS

This article provides an overview on the current sexual education system, its inadequacies, and how comprehensive sexuality education programs can be leveraged as a tool for equity for students of all backgrounds, but particularly those who are underrepresented in sexual education curricula.
Toward quantification of loop diuretic responsiveness for congestive heart failure
Authors: Oyama Mark A. , Adin Darcy
Published: November 2022

Diuretics, such as furosemide, are routinely administered to dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). Traditionally, dose and determination of efficacy primarily are based on clinical signs rather than quantitative measures of drug action. Treatment of human CHF patients increasingly is guided by quantification of urine sodium concentration (uNa) and urine volume after diuretic administration. Use of these and other measures of diuretic responsiveness is associated with decreased duration of hospitalization, complication rates, future rehospitalization, and mortality. At their core, loop diuretics act through natriuresis, and attention to body sodium (Na) stores and handling offers insight into the pathophysiology of CHF and pharmacology of diuretics beyond what is achievable from clinical signs alone. Human patients with low diuretic responsiveness or diuretic resistance are at risk for difficult or incomplete decongestion that requires diuretic intensification or other remedial strategies. Identification of the specific etiology of resistance in a patient can help tailor personalized interventions. In this review, we advance the concept of loop diuretic responsiveness by highlighting Na and natriuresis. Specifically, we review body water homeostasis and congestion in light of the increasingly recognized role of interstitial Na, propose definitions for diuretic responsiveness and resistance in veterinary subjects, review relevant findings of recent studies, explain how the particular cause of resistance can guide treatment, and identify current knowledge gaps. We believe that a quantitative approach to loop diuretic usage primarily involving natriuresis will advance our understanding and care of dogs with CHF.
Contrasting effects of vegetation cover and site condition on biocrust communities in subhumid drylands
Authors: Mallen‐Cooper Max , Ding Jingyi , Eldridge David J.
Published: November 2022

Questions

Biocrusts perform critical functional roles in drylands, where they are regulated predominantly by differences in climate and soils. We asked whether biocrust cover and composition differ among sites of varying vegetation cover and condition.

Location

Subhumid drylands in the Namoi Region, eastern Australia.

Methods

We assessed the effects of different vegetation strata (trees, shrubs, groundcover) and site vegetation condition (index of quality based on vascular plant richness, and the proportion of perennial and native vascular plants) on the cover, richness and composition of biocrust communities at 43 sites in semi‐arid eastern Australia.

Results

Woody plant cover at our sites was negatively related to biocrust cover and richness, but there was only a weak relationship between groundstorey plant cover and biocrusts, suggesting that woody plants are not facilitating biocrusts in this environment. Conversely, greater site condition was strongly associated with richer and more extensive biocrust communities, likely driven by a common response to livestock grazing intensity. There was also a significant multivariate association between biocrust composition and vegetation condition. For example, sites of poorer condition were occupied by generalist taxa, typically short mosses and squamulose lichens, while sites in better condition were characterised by a richer assemblage that included foliose and fruticose lichens, and taller, disturbance‐sensitive mosses.

Conclusions

Our study provides empirical evidence of the negative relationship between woody plant cover and biocrusts (amensalism), and the filtering effect of vegetation condition on different biocrust taxa. Predicted drier climates could enhance biocrust dominance by suppressing woody plant growth, while intensified land‐use disturbances are likely to filter biocrust specialists such as fruticose and foliose lichens that are associated with sites in better condition.
Comprehensible to Whom? Examining Rater, Speaker, and Interlocutor Perspectives on Comprehensibility in an Interactive Context
Authors: NAGLE CHARLIE L. , TROFIMOVICH PAVEL , GRANTHAM O'BRIEN MARY , KENNEDY SARA
Published: November 2022

Comprehensibility has emerged as a useful and intuitive means of globally evaluating second language (L2) speakers in many research and instructional contexts. In most cases, L2 speakers’ comprehensibility is assessed by external listeners who do not engage in extensive communication with the speakers, even though the degree to which a speaker is comprehensible is presumably of greatest concern to their interlocutor. If comprehensibility is defined as the ease with which speakers come to understand one another, then interaction‐based assessments, which would include self and peer ratings, might provide different insight into interactive comprehensibility compared to assessments by external listeners. To examine this issue, in this study, 20 pairs of L2 English interactants rated themselves and their partner on 7 occasions distributed throughout a 17‐minute interaction encompassing 3 communicative tasks, and recordings of the interaction were subsequently presented to external raters for evaluation. Mixed‐effects models were used to compare the shape of the comprehensibility curves over time and the self, partner, and rater scores at each rating episode. Results demonstrated that self and partner assessments were always aligned, but raters consistently assigned significantly lower comprehensibility scores to the interactants. These findings have implications for how comprehensibility, and indeed other listener‐based constructs, are assessed.
Revised spectral metrics for body surface measurements of gastric electrophysiology
Authors: Schamberg Gabriel , Varghese Chris , Calder Stefan , Waite Stephen , Erickson Jonathan , O'Grady Greg , Gharibans Armen A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Electrogastrography (EGG) non‐invasively evaluates gastric function but has not achieved common clinical adoption due to several technical limitations. Body Surface Gastric Mapping (BSGM) has been introduced to overcome these limitations, but pitfalls in traditional metrics used to analyze spectral data remain unaddressed. This study critically evaluates five traditional EGG metrics and introduces improved BSGM spectral metrics, with validation in a large cohort.

Methods

Pitfalls in five EGG metrics were assessed (dominant frequency, percentage time normogastria, amplitude, power ratio, and instability coefficient), leading to four revised BSGM spectral metrics. Traditional and revised metrics were compared to validate performance using a standardized 100‐subject database of BSGM tests (30 min baseline; 4‐h postprandial) recorded using Gastric Alimetry® (Alimetry).

Key Results

BMI and amplitude were highly correlated (r = −0.57, p < 0.001). We applied a conservative BMI correction to obtain a BMI‐adjusted amplitude metric (r = −0.21, p = 0.037). Instability coefficient was highly correlated with both dominant frequency (r = −0.44, p < 0.001), and percent bradygastria (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), in part due to misclassification of low frequency transients as gastric activity. This was corrected by introducing distinct gastric frequency and stability metrics (Principal Gastric Frequency and Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (GA‐RI)TM) that were uncorrelated (r = 0.14, p = 0.314). Only 28% of subjects showed a maximal averaged amplitude within the first postprandial hour. Calculating Fed:Fasted Amplitude Ratio over a 4‐h postprandial window yielded a median increase of 0.31 (IQR 0–0.64) above the traditional ratio.

Conclusions & Inferences

The revised metrics resolve critical pitfalls impairing the performance of traditional EGG, and should be applied in future BSGM spectral analyses.
Structural and functional changes of nasal cavity and maxillary sinus in patients with skeletal classIIImalocclusion 1 year after bimaxillary surgery
Authors: Hongyu Li , Yulin Liu , Wanye Tan , Xiaoguang LI , Fenghe Zhang , Qing Li
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to analyse changes in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus structure and function in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion 1 year after bimaxillary surgery.

Materials and Methods

In this study, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 20 patients (10 men and 10 women; mean age 24.3 ± 3.4 years) with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were obtained before and 1 year after the surgery. CBCT data were stored opened with element 3D (E3D) to establish a nasal airway model (the paranasal sinus includes only the maxillary sinus). Ansys (ANSYS) software is used for simulation and analysis.

Results

The maxillary sinus and nasal cavity volumes decreased significantly 1 year after the surgery. After surgery, the volume of nasal cavity decreased by 13.5%, and the average volume of maxillary sinus decreased by 7.8%. There was no significant difference in the degree of deviation of the septum and nasal cavity resistance, and air distribution in the maxillary sinus did not change. The nasal cavity wall shear stress change was similar to that before surgery.

Conclusions

The maxillary sinus volume and nasal cavity volume of patients with skeletal class III malocclusion changed significantly after bimaxillary surgery, but there was no significant change in nasal ventilation function 1 year after surgery.
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of solitary fibrous tumour: A case report
Authors: Sousa Julliany Taverny , Gonçalo Rani Iani Costa , Carlan Leonardo Magalhães , de Moraes dos Santos Janaina Lessa , Queiroz Lélia Maria Guedes
Published: November 2022

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an uncommon soft tissue lesion, and even rarer in the oral cavity, where it presents a similar clinical presentation to other lesions that affect the oral cavity. Due to its broad morphological spectrum, the histopathological diagnosis might be challenging and, for a definite diagnosis, the use of complementary tools is usually required, such as immunohistochemistry. We aimed to report a case of a 31‐year‐old man with an asymptomatic, slightly purplish nodule located on the dorsum of the tongue. The intraoral physical examination revealed the presence of a nodular exophytic lesion and fibrous consistency, measuring 0.9 cm. The histopathological examination revealed a proliferation of mesenchymal cells with variable morphology in a stroma consisting of dense fibrous connective tissue with areas of hyalinization, in addition to numerous vascular structures with a “staghorn‐shaped” appearance. Considering the unspecific histopathological features, we performed the immunohistochemistry technique, which revealed diffuse positivity for CD34, focal positivity for Bcl‐2 and negativity for S100. Therefore, combined clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features enable the conclusive diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumour. We emphasize the importance of knowledge about the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated lesions that affect the soft tissues to distinguish SFT from other neoplasms and, thus, perform the most appropriate treatment.
On the estimation of body mass in temnospondyls: a case study using the large‐bodied Eryops and Paracyclotosaurus
Authors: Hart Lachlan J. , Campione Nicolás E. , McCurry Matthew R.
Published: November 2022

Temnospondyli are a morphologically varied and ecologically diverse clade of tetrapods that survived for over 200 million years. The body mass of temnospondyls is a key variable in inferring their ecological, physiological and biomechanical attributes. However, estimating the body mass of these extinct creatures has proven difficult because the group has no extant descendants. Here we apply a wide range of body mass estimation techniques developed for tetrapods to the iconic temnospondyls Paracyclotosaurus davidi and Eryops megacephalus. These same methods are also applied to a collection of extant organisms that serve as ecological and morphological analogues. These include the giant salamanders Andrias japonicus and Andrias davidianus, the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum, the California newt Taricha torosa and the saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. We find that several methods can provide accurate mass estimations across this range of living taxa, suggesting their suitability for estimating the body masses of temnospondyls. Based on this, we estimate the mass of Paracyclotosaurus to have been between 159 and 365 kg, and that of Eryops between 102 and 222 kg. These findings provide a basis for examining body size evolution in this clade across their entire temporal span.
Affective Activism and Digital Archiving: Relief Work and Migrant Workers during the Covid‐19 Lockdown in India
Authors: Sriraman Tarangini
Published: November 2022

This article traces what I term the affective activism of volunteers, civil society organizations, and lorry drivers engaged in relief work to assist stranded migrant workers wanting to travel home during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic and national lockdown in India. I define affective activism as an archival practice that is driven by relief figures’ affects of fear, anger, and aspirations—in this instance, toward their legal and administrative accountability to funders. Drawing on my ethnographic work in a relief network and using independent interviews I conducted, this article critically compares two modalities of digital archiving conducted by relief figures: collecting migrant workers’ Aadhaar—unique biometric number identifiers issued to Indians—and digitally archiving their relief efforts through videos, voice‐notes, and WhatsApp Messenger screenshots. I argue that relief figures expressed their anxieties in the form of talismanic beliefs that records of Aadhaar and their material infrastructure would keep safe the migrant workers they were trying to help. Alternately, and sometimes, concomitantly, they performatively deployed Whatsapp artifacts to support their accountability in the face of bureaucratic and political specters. Both forms highlight the desire of relief figures to exceed paper forms and state practices in their archival impulses. [affective activism, India relief work, Covid‐19 lockdown, migrant workers, digital archiving, and visual politics]
“Cover Your Ass”: Individual Accountability, Visual Documentation, and Everyday Policing in Miami
Authors: Jeursen Thijs
Published: November 2022

In the context of police violence and the proliferation of cameras, a growing body of anthropological scholarship has sought to understand the role of photography and its relationship to everyday policing. While scholarly attention has been given to how cameras can intensify a racialized visuality of crime and justify violent policing practices, this article discusses how police officers themselves understand and use cameras in their daily work. Police officers can act as if they have a high level of impunity and a broad sense of righteousness, yet still feel that their work is surrounded by procedural and bureaucratic uncertainties. Based on extensive research with police departments in Miami, Florida, I discuss how police officers document their professionalism and integrity. When making sense of and navigating their societal role and the scrutiny that comes with it, US police officers use cameras to record themselves to capture visual and legal‐looking actions of what they understand is exemplary of good policing. In the eyes and hands of police officers, cameras are used to document state violence and racialized policing as individual performances, highlighting officer accountability and misconduct while obscuring institutional responsibility.
The Rights of Man: Libertarian Concern for Men's, But Not Women's, Reproductive Autonomy
Authors: Chalmers Jocelyn , Petterson Aino , Woodford Leif , Sutton Robbie M.
Published: November 2022

Libertarianism enshrines individual autonomy as its central political principle, but it has been criticized for applying this principle selectively. Reproductive decisions can stress the concept of individual autonomy by placing into conflict the claimed rights of each biological parent to choose. Two studies (N1 = 296; N2 = 580) show that among U.S. participants, libertarianism is associated with opposition to women's reproductive autonomy and support for men's. Libertarianism was associated with opposition to abortion rights and support for men's right both to prevent women from having abortions (male veto) and to withdraw financial support for a child when women refuse to terminate the pregnancy (financial abortion). Adjusting for the association between libertarianism and conservatism, only the relationship with opposition to abortion rights was rendered nonsignificant. Mediation analyses suggest that hostile sexism may account for libertarians' selective support for men's and not women's reproductive autonomy.
High-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis with Heterogeneous Missingness
Authors: Zhu Ziwei , Wang Tengyao , Samworth Richard J.
Published: November 2022

We study the problem of high-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with missing observations. In a simple, homogeneous observation model, we show that an existing observed-proportion weighted (OPW) estimator of the leading principal components can (nearly) attain the minimax optimal rate of convergence, which exhibits an interesting phase transition. However, deeper investigation reveals that, particularly in more realistic settings where the observation probabilities are heterogeneous, the empirical performance of the OPW estimator can be unsatisfactory; moreover, in the noiseless case, it fails to provide exact recovery of the principal components. Our main contribution, then, is to introduce a new method, which we call primePCA, that is designed to cope with situations where observations may be missing in a heterogeneous manner. Starting from the OPW estimator, primePCA iteratively projects the observed entries of the data matrix onto the column space of our current estimate to impute the missing entries, and then updates our estimate by computing the leading right singular space of the imputed data matrix. We prove that the error of primePCA converges to zero at a geometric rate in the noiseless case, and when the signal strength is not too small. An important feature of our theoretical guarantees is that they depend on average, as opposed to worst-case, properties of the missingness mechanism. Our numerical studies on both simulated and real data reveal that primePCA exhibits very encouraging performance across a wide range of scenarios, including settings where the data are not Missing Completely At Random.
Surgical treatment of hereditary gingival fibromatosis by diode laser: Report of five rare cases in the same family
Authors: Bektaş‐Kayhan Kıvanç , Selvi Fırat , Koca‐Ünsal Revan Birke
Published: November 2022

The pathogenesis of hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is largely unknown; however, the removal of excess tissue may often be necessary as it often causes aesthetic and functional problems. Gingivectomy is usually a treatment option that can be performed using a scalpel, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, or laser. This paper aims to evaluate the results of HGF treatments using a diode laser of five people from the same family. Three members of a family of five (two females and three males; 9–36 years old) underwent gingivectomy with a 3 W 300‐micron fiber‐tipped diode laser (Doctor Smile, Vicenza, Italy) at 810 nm wavelength. While all teeth of one member were extracted, the other member refused treatment. Relapse occurred in three members due to poor oral hygiene. The diode laser was reapplied and oral hygiene instructions were repeated. Patients were followed during the postoperative period for up to two years. HGF is a rare condition that clinicians should pay attention to in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐ups. Since recurrences are due to dental plaque, oral hygiene instructions are essential and compliance is mandatory. Although there are many treatment approaches, the diode laser is the most indicated method due to many advantages such as providing a bloodless and more sterile operation field, performing an atraumatic surgery, ensuring earlier and ideal recovery, and minimizing postoperative pain.
Coping with the COVID‐19 pandemic by Paralympic athletes preparing for elite sport events: A longitudinal study
Authors: Urbański Piotr Kazimierz , Rogoza Radosław , Brewer Britton , Tasiemski Tomasz
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health, coping styles and their relationship, and training opportunities in elite athletes with disabilities (AwD) preparing for national and international sport events during a ten‐month observation period.

Methods

The study covered four time points in 3‐month intervals, one retrospective, and three times during the 10 months of the pandemic period with diversified numbers of average new infections per day: A—pre‐pandemic, B—third wave of the pandemic (mean = 15 681), C—decrease of the pandemic (mean = 102), and D—fourth wave of the pandemic (mean = 22 591). Main outcome measures included the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results

The models regarding changes in anxiety (F(3,72) = 22.43; p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.48) and depression (F(3,72) = 23.82; p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.50) over the four time points of examination were significant. The pattern of relationship between coping styles and mood changes during COVID‐19 pandemic periods, that is, a sudden increase in anxiety during dynamic growth of infections (waves of a pandemic) and a steady increase in depression over the course of the pandemic was not found. The difference in planned and actual training decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

During the transitionary times of the COVID‐19 pandemic, both mental health and training opportunities of AwD were at increased risk. Individual coping styles used by AwD were insufficient resources to cope with the extreme stress caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their mental health should be monitored in pandemics and similar situations to ensure appropriate and timely organizational and psychological intervention.
Curves and kinematics: Relationship between the force‐time curve and landing ability
Authors: Mifsud Brayden , Stephens Jessica M. , Warmenhoven John , Ball Nick
Published: November 2022

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have a significant impact on athletic performance and long‐term quality of life. Force plates and qualitative screening tools are feasible and effective screening methods to identify abnormal movement quality associated with increased injury risk. Comparing qualitative assessments of landing ability with force‐time curves, may detect unique differences between safe and high‐risk athletic movement patterns. The aim of this study was to determine low‐ and high‐risk landing ability from qualitive landing assessments and to examine the resulting force‐time curves using functional principal component analysis (fPCA). Thirty‐one healthy academy athletes (10 males and 21 females) completed double‐ and single‐leg dominant and non‐dominant jump‐landing‐rebound tasks. All movements were filmed in multiple‐planes, and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) were simultaneously collected. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and Single‐Leg Landing Error Scoring System (SL‐LESS) were used to score landing footage. From these scores, athletes were categorized into low‐risk and high‐risk groups for further analysis. fPCA was used to examine differences between landing quality groups force‐time curves. Compared to high‐risk landers, low‐risk landers demonstrated significantly longer contact times across all movements. Scores from fPC1 revealed safe and high‐risk landing techniques expose athletes to significantly different loading patterns during double‐ and single‐leg dominant movements. A significant positive relationship was observed between fPC1 and LESS scores, however this relationship was not observed in both single‐leg landing scores. Where possible incorporating curve analysis methods like fPCA into multi‐faceted screening approaches may help practitioners uncover unique insights into athletic loading strategies.