bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse geodetic problem for long distance based on improved Vincenty’s formula
Authors: Wang Jianqiang , Sun Yunlong , Dai Yang
Published: February 2022

Solutions of geodetic problem is an important technical problem in geodesy. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of Bessel’s formula and Vincenty’s formula, an improved algorithm is proposed. Firstly, arctangent formula is replaced by arccosine formula to calculate spherical surface angular distance. Secondly, Bessel’s formula is used to replace Vincenty’s formula in the singular region. Finally, the test formulas of geodetic line and azimuth are given. According to the test formula, four points are selected for the test, which are located in the equator, low latitude, middle latitude and high latitude. The geodesic length range of the test is 1000–18000 km and the azimuth range is

0

∘

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–

360

∘

360{\hspace{0.1667em}^{\circ }}

. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can solve the problem of singularity and quadrant judgment well. The solution precision of geodetic line is better than 1 mm, and the precision of azimuth is less than 0.0001 second.
Ipsilateral Stimulus Encoding in Primary and Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of Awake Mice
Authors: Pala Aurélie , Stanley Garrett B.
Published: February 2022

Lateralization is a hallmark of somatosensory processing in the mammalian brain. However, in addition to their contralateral representation, unilateral tactile stimuli also modulate neuronal activity in somatosensory cortices of the ipsilateral hemisphere. The cellular organization and functional role of these ipsilateral stimulus responses in awake somatosensory cortices, especially regarding stimulus coding, are unknown. Here, we targeted silicon probe recordings to the vibrissa region of primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortex of awake head-fixed mice of either sex while delivering ipsilateral and contralateral whisker stimuli. Ipsilateral stimuli drove larger and more reliable responses in S2 than in S1, and activated a larger fraction of stimulus-responsive neurons. Ipsilateral stimulus-responsive neurons were rare in layer 4 of S1, but were located in equal proportion across all layers in S2. Linear classifier analyses further revealed that decoding of the ipsilateral stimulus was more accurate in S2 than S1, whereas S1 decoded contralateral stimuli most accurately. These results reveal substantial encoding of ipsilateral stimuli in S1 and especially S2, consistent with the hypothesis that higher cortical areas may integrate tactile inputs across larger portions of space, spanning both sides of the body.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTactile information obtained by one side of the body is represented in the activity of neurons of the opposite brain hemisphere. However, unilateral tactile stimulation also modulates neuronal activity in the other, or ipsilateral, brain hemisphere. This ipsilateral activity may play an important role in the representation and processing of tactile information, in particular when the sense of touch involves both sides of the body. Our work in the whisker system of awake mice reveals that neocortical ipsilateral activity, in particular that of deep layer excitatory neurons of secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), contains information about the presence and the velocity of unilateral tactile stimuli, which supports a key role for S2 in integrating tactile information across both body sides.
Morphology and Dendrite-Specific Synaptic Properties of Midbrain Neurons Shape Multimodal Integration
Authors: Weigel S. , Kuenzel T. , Lischka K. , Huang G. , Luksch H.
Published: February 2022

Multimodal integration facilitates object recognition and response to sensory cues. This depends on spatiotemporal coincidence of sensory information, recruitment of NMDA-type glutamate receptors and inhibitory feedback. Shepherd's crook neurons (SCNs) in the avian optic tectum (TeO) are an ideal model for studying cellular mechanism of multimodal integration. They receive different sensory modalities through spatially segregated dendrites, are important for stimulus selection and have an axon-carrying dendrite (AcD). We performed whole-cell patch-clamp experiments in chicken midbrain slices of both sexes. We emulated visual and auditory inputin vitroby stimulating presynaptic afferents electrically. Simultaneous stimulation enhanced responses inversely depending on stimulation amplitude demonstrating the principle of inverse effectiveness. Contribution of NMDA-type glutamate receptors prolonged postsynaptic events for visual inputs only, causing a strong modality-specific difference in synaptic efficacy. We designed a multicompartment model to study the effect of morphological and physiological parameters on multimodal integration by varying the distance between soma and axonal origin and the amount of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) contribution. These parameters changed the preference of the model for one input channel and adjusted the range of input rates at which multimodal enhancement occurred on naturalistic stimulation. Thus, the unique morphology and synaptic features of SCNs shape the integration of input at different dendrites and generates an enhanced multimodal response.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultimodal integration improves perception and responses to objects. The underlying cellular mechanism depends on a balance between excitation and inhibition, and NMDA-type glutamate receptors that are involved in the multiplicative nature of enhancement following the principle of inverse effectiveness. Based on a detailed analysis of an identified multimodal cell type in the vertebrate midbrain, we studied the influence of cellular morphology and unimodal synaptic properties on multimodal integration. We can show that the combination of cellular morphology and modality-specific synaptic properties including NMDA receptor (NMDAR) contribution is optimal for nonlinear, multimodal enhancement and determines the dynamic response range of the integrating neuron. Our findings mechanistically explain how synaptic properties and cellular morphology of a midbrain neuron contribute to multimodal enhancement.
Behavioral Timescale Cooperativity and Competitive Synaptic Interactions Regulate the Induction of Complex Spike Burst-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation
Authors: O'Dell Thomas J.
Published: February 2022

Although Hebbian LTP has an important role in memory formation, the properties of Hebbian LTP cannot fully account for, and in some cases seem incompatible with, fundamental properties of associative learning. Importantly, findings from computational and neurophysiological studies suggest that burst-dependent forms of plasticity, where dendritic spikes and bursts of action potentials provide the postsynaptic depolarization needed for LTP induction, may overcome some of the limitations of conventional Hebbian LTP. Thus, I investigated how excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells interact during the induction of complex spike (CS) burst-dependent LTP in hippocampal slices from male mice. Consistent with previous findings, theta-frequency trains of synaptic stimulation induce a Hebbian form of plasticity where postsynaptic CS bursts provide the depolarization needed for NMDAR activation and LTP induction. However, in contrast to conventional Hebbian plasticity, where cooperative LTP induction requires coactivation of synapses on a timescale of tens of milliseconds, cooperative interactions between synapses activated several seconds apart can induce CS burst-dependent LTP. A novel, retroactive form of heterosynaptic plasticity, where activation of one group of synapses triggers LTP induction at other synapses that were active seconds earlier, also contributes to cooperativity in CS burst-dependent LTP. Moreover, competitive synaptic interactions that emerge during prolonged bouts of postsynaptic CS bursting potently regulate CS burst-dependent LTP. Together, the unusual properties of synaptic cooperativity and competition in CS burst-dependent LTP enable Hebbian synapses to operate and interact on behavioral timescales.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile EPSP-evoked complex spike (CS) bursting induces LTP at excitatory synapses onto hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, the properties of synaptic interactions during the induction of CS burst-dependent LTP have not been investigated. Here I report that interactions between independent synaptic inputs during the induction of CS burst-dependent LTP exhibit a number of novel, computationally relevant properties. Unlike conventional Hebbian LTP, the induction of CS burst-dependent LTP is regulated by proactive and retroactive cooperative interactions between synapses activated several seconds apart. Moreover, activity-dependent, competitive interactions between synapses allow strongly activated synapses to suppress LTP induction at more weakly activated synapses. Thus, CS burst-dependent LTP exhibits a number of the unique properties that overcome significant limitations of standard Hebbian plasticity rules.
Diana Cid García’s story as an Exercise in the Imaginative Reinvention of the Art Worlds
Authors: Pravdenko Inna
Published: February 2022

Diana Cid García (1861–1938) is less known than other Latin American women in the arts. Her story has intrigued many scholars working on early Latin American modernism, but it still remains obscure and generates doubts and misunderstandings. This essay partially reconstructs her trajectory in an attempt to draw a larger context for her transnational migration: as an individual, artist, and art historical trope. It focuses on Cid García’s first exhibition appearances in the 1890s and on some reactions that followed. Employing the instruments of feminist critique, the paper demonstrates how the legacy of this woman was (or was not) archived and historicized. With the help of visual analysis and close reading, I suggest revisiting some of the absences in the historical narratives that had been actively forgetting or misrepresenting Cid García in the twentieth century. I explore her involvement with diverse artistic circles in Europe, Argentina, and Brazil, and invite the reader to shift attention from the concept of the autonomous genius to a broader understanding of artistic creation as collective endeavor. For that matter, I weave her story into that of her collaborators, colleagues, friends, and critics as a way to reinvent the worlds of the past and highlight Cid García’s controversial input in many artistic phenomena of the epoch.
The EU Member States’ Diverging Experiences and Policies on Refugees and the New Pact on Migration and Asylum
Authors: Kużelewska Elżbieta , Piekutowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2022

The refugee crisis in 2015 revealed the lack of solidarity and the divergent migration policies of the EU Member States. It showed clearly that when faced with the problem of migration, the EU countries fail to cooperate and support one another. The EU Member States with more experience with migration coped better and were more open to migrants. The South European countries took in a huge inflow of migrants and expected (in vain) support from other EU members. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe were unwilling to receive refugees. These diverging approaches to refugees presented by particular Member States resulted in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, which was adopted by the European Commission in September 2020.The purpose of the pact was to provide humanitarian aid to migrants, since one of the human rights is the right to migrate, but it was not its only objective. The New Pact on Migration and Asylum was supposed to be a guarantee of solidarity and efficient management of the migration process.
The Important Interest of the Service as an Optional Reason for Dismissal from Service in the Form of a General Clause
Authors: Witoszko Wioletta
Published: February 2022

Among the prerequisites for optional dismissal from service, which are specified and do not leave the authorities any leeway in their assessment, a general reason, such as an important interest of the service, has been normalized. The concept of an “important interest of the service” is not defined, so this premise should be specified in each case by indicating both objective and subjective circumstances. The interest of the service is a set of values that the normal system should uphold when tasks in the field of safety and public order are carried out. One element of officer protection is the requirement to consult a company trade union organization before issuing a decision on dismissal from service due to an important interest of the service. Moreover, the decision to dismiss someone from the service may be issued only by the higher superior, who guarantees that the correct decision will be made and has greater competence in assesing the needs of the service and its interests.
Objective Reasons on the Part of the Employer as a Premise for Entering into an “Unlimited” Fixed-Term Employment Contract
Authors: Łapiński Karol
Published: February 2022

The current wording of Art. 251 § 4 point 4 of the Labor Code, valid since 22.02.2016, is an example of a general clause in labor law. At the same time, the “objective reasons” of the so--called “unlimited” fixed-term contracts entered into belong to the clauses that change their meaning depending on the person who applies an established rule of law. The use of “objective reasons on the part of the employer” on purpose to limit the abuse of “temporary employment” should generally be assessed as incorrect. According to this, the Court of Justice of the European Union may judge this regulation to be illegal according to Clause 5 of Council Directive 99/70 / EC of 28 June 1999, and as incompatible with the purpose and the effectiveness of the framework agreement. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the general clause used by the legislator with further, more specific premises of “objective reasons” for entering into “unlimited” fixed-term employment contracts.
Research on the mechanism of improving rice straw self-bonding via NaOH solution pretreatment
Authors: Han Xinlei , Luo Qiu , Bao Anhong , Luo Shuwei
Published: February 2022

Rice straw pretreated with NaOH can be used to develop a kind of filling material of building walls for a greatly improved self-bonding property. In this work it was shown that NaOH solution can easily destroy the internal tubular structure, thus decreasing the stability of the rice straw. The mechanism explaining effects of the pretreatment measure was examined by analyzing the ash content using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the ash content in the rice straw, elements like oxygen, carbon, silicon, can be reduced by the pretreatment of the rice straw with 1% (mass/mass) NaOH solution for 24 h. The thorny structures, spherical protuberance structures, and rod-shaped particles originally attached on the rice straws’ surface decreased by 90% after the treatment of NaOH solution. The contact area was correspondingly increased, and the wetting property on the surface was improved. As a result, the “bite force” among the pretreated rice straw surfaces was enhanced, leading to an improvement in self-bonding.
Формування і стягування порожнин у нанодротах
Authors: Подолян О.М. , Запорожець Т.В.
Published: February 2022

У межах феноменологічної моделі твердих розчинів описано двостадійний процес утворення порожнистих нанодротів у системі "ядро/оболонка" і їх стягування як результат конкуренції ефектів Френкеля, Гіббса–Томсона та оберненого ефекту Кіркендала. Досліджено залежності швидкості та ефективності процесу пороутворення від початкового радіуса циліндра та концентрації швидкого компонента. Дано порівняння з аналогічними результатами, отриманими для сферичносиметричних частинок. Показано, що пороутворення ефективніше проходить у зразках циліндричної форми порівняно зі сферичною, а час існування порожнини залежить від радіуса нанооболонки.
75 років відкриттю явища надпровідності ІІ-го роду (фази Шубнікова)
Authors: Шепелєв А.Г.
Published: February 2022

Коротко викладено непростий шлях, який пройшли експериментатори чотирьох країн світу до відкриття в 1936 р. в Українському фізико-технічному інституті (м. Харків) явища надпровідності II-го роду. Наведено основні результати, оцінку відкриття найбільшими спеціалістами світу, відзначено роль цього явища в сучасній науці і техніці.
Mutu Sediaan Racikan Puyer di Kecamatan Ciputat Timur
Authors: Betha Ofa Suzanti , Yardi Yardi , Alvionita Yetika , Zilhadia Zilhadia , Siregar Barita Juliano
Published: February 2022

Peracikan obat merupakan salah satu dari bentuk pelayanan kefarmasian yang menjadi tanggung jawab seorang apoteker di apotek dan sarana pelayanan kefarmasian lainnya. Proses peracikan yang baik akan menghasilkan sediaan yang bermutu, aman dan efektif. Sediaan obat termasuk sediaan hasil peracikan harus terjamin mutu dan keamanannya. Di Indonesia khususnya belum terdapat prosedur dan standar mutu sediaan racikan.Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi mutu puyer hasil racikan apotek di kecamatan Ciputat yaitu keseragaman sediaan. Sediaan puyer disampling dari semua apotek (8 apotek) yang terdapat di wilayah kecamatan Ciputat Timur. Analisa yang dilakukan adalah keragaman bobot dan keseragaman kandungan. Penetapan keragaman bobot dilakukan menggunakan timbangan analitik dan keseragaman kandungan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, sediaan racikan puyer dari 8 apotek di kecamatan Ciputat Timur tidak memenuhi uji keragamanan bobot dan keseragaman kandungan menurut Farmakope Indonesia V.
Efek antihipertensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa blimbing L.) dengan Metode Non-invasiv
Authors: Novitri Suci Ahda , Nurmeilis Nurmeilis Nurmeilis , Kamal Dea Raudya
Published: February 2022

Daun belimbing wuluh digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk menurunkan tekanan darah oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, untuk menguji aktivitas tersebut, dilakukan penelitian terhadap ekstrak etanol daun belimbing  wuluh (Averrhoa blimbii L.) pada tikus jantan galur Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi dengan NaCl 2% dan Prednison 1,5 mg/KgBB. . Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda non-invasiv (CODA non-invasive blood pressure) dengan  rancangan pre-test dan post-test matched control group. Tiga puluh ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal, kontrol negatif  (NaCMC 5%), kontrol positif  (kaptopril 2,5 mg/kgBB) dan tiga kelompok uji (ekstrak etanol 70% daun belimbing wuluh 50, 100 dan 200 mg/KgBB).  Pemberian NaCl 2% dan Prednison 1,5 mg/KgBB dilakukan selama 14 hari dan dilanjutkan dengan pemberian ekstrak uji selama 7 hari secara oral. Pada hari ke-0, ke-14, dan ke-21 dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah sistol, diastol dan heart rate tikus. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA atau Kruskal Walis dan Paired T-test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak uji (50, 100 dan 200 mg/KgBB) dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistol dan diastol secara bermakna terhadap kontrol negatif (p≤0,05), namun penurunan heart rate tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna. Pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB, presentase penurunan tekanan darah sistolik tertinggi yaitu 31,69% dan diastolik 33,31%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, ekstrak uji memiliki efek antihipertensi.
Mutu Sediaan Serbuk Racikan Apotek-apotek di Kecamatan Tebet dan Setiabudi
Authors: Nurulhusna Alifa , Betha Ofa Suzanti , Yardi Yardi , Siregar Barita Juliano
Published: February 2022

Peresepan puyer untuk anak masih banyak dilakukan dikarenakan kemudahan pemberian dan pengaturan dosis. Pembuatan puyer di apotek pada proses pembuatannya hanya berdasarkan pada visual baik dalam pencampuran maupun pembagian kedalam bungkus puyer, hal ini dapat menyebakan heterogenitas bobot antara puyer yang satu dengan yang lainnya dan menyebabkan pemberian dosis yang tidak sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan menggambarkan mutu sediaan racikan puyer dari segi keragaman bobot dan keseragaman kadar. Evaluasi keragaman bobot dilakukan berdasarkan prosedur uji keragaman bobot kapsul keras yang tertera pada Farmakope Indonesia V menggunakan imbangan analitik dan uji keseragaman kadar dilakukan menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil evaluasi keragaman bobot menunjukan tidak ada sampel yang memenuhi syarat keragaman bobot serta, tidak ada sampel yang memenuhi persyaratan keseragaman kadar menurut Farmakope Indonesia V.
Review of Adulterated Herbal Products and Supplements and Methods of Analysis
Authors: Ainiyah Eureka Qurrotul , Supandi Supandi , Anggia Vivi
Published: February 2022

Herbal products and supplements are widely used for primary health care. Many reports of drugs added to these products, such as weight-loss supplements, analgesic herbal products, and erectile dysfunction supplements. This study aims to find out products that are often mixed with drugs and effective methods used for their analysis. The method used in this research is a systematic review. The resources were retrieved through searching the keywords related to the world adulterated herbal products and supplements in the available databases and search engines including Science Direct, PubMed, Springerlink, and Google Scholar. Based on PRISMA flow diagram, a systematic review showed that sibutramine HCl, sildenafil citrate, dexamethasone, and sodium diclofenac are most commonly found in the herbal and supplement products and the ESI-MS method is an effective method for their analysis.
Faktor Resiko Penyebab Multidrug Resistant Tuberkulosis: Sistematik Review
Authors: Restinia Mita , Khairani Sondang , Manninda Reise
Published: February 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara kedua dengan jumlah kasus tuberkulosis terbanyak di dunia. Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Indonesia semakin sulit dengan munculnya Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya MDRT-TB di Indonesia. Sistematik review dilakukan terhadap artikel dengan studi case control. MDR-TB sebagai kelompok kasus dan Non MDR-TB sebagai kelompok kontrol. Artikel yang dipilih adalah artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2015-2020. Artikel dicari  melalui database google schoolar dan dianalisa menggunakan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Terdapat 9 original artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisa. Faktor resiko terjadinya MDR-TB dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu karakteristik responden, Riwayat TB dan pengobatan, dan komorbiditas. Karakteristik responden yang signifikan mempengaruhi terjadinya MDR TB adalah dukungan keluarga, pengetahuan, usia, dan akses ke fasilitas kesehatan. Tidak patuh minum obat, adanya riwayat pengobatan TB, tidak aktif pengawas minum obat, efek samping obat dan adanya komorbiditas juga merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya MDR-TB.  Hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa identifikasi faktor resiko terjadinya MDR TB perlu dilakukan dengan baik. Selain itu, Pasien TB yang memiliki faktor resiko perlu diberikan edukasi yang lebih komprehensif dan pengawasan minum obat secara lebih ketat  untuk mencegah terjadinya MDR TB.
Anti-Parkinson Drug from Chemical Medicines and Herbal Medicines: A Review
Authors: Yeni Yeni , Wu Xia , Arman Budi
Published: February 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disease of the central nervous system. It is a progressive disorder, meaning it gets worse over time. PD usually characterized by tremor, rigidity, akinesia and postural autonomic instability. In addition, it may also cause a series of non-motor symptoms (NMSs). This disease affects a small area of cells in the middle of the brain. This area is called the substantia nigra (SNc). The cells slowly lose their ability to produce a chemical called dopamine. The disease usually appears in the age over 60 years. Nowadays, a lot of anti-Parkinson drugs have been found either from that of chemicals or herbs. In this essay anti-Parkinson drugs from chemical medicine and herbal medicines especially from china will be discussed. Anti-Parkinson's drugs are derived from chemical medicines include levodopa (l-dopa), dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, anticholinergics and amantadine. Meanwhile, anti-Parkinson drugs derived from herbal medicine include Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., green tea (Camellia sinensis L.), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, Panax Notoginseng Wall. var notoginseng (Burkill.) F.H. Chen, Gastrodia elata Blume and Polygala tenuifoliaWilld.. These drugs have the same effects to help ease symptoms of Parkinson’s and can increase the amount of dopamine in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). However, some chemical drugs have more side effects although herbal medicines are less clear,  more tests need to be planned.
Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools
Authors: Zubler Jennifer M. , Wiggins Lisa D. , Macias Michelle M. , Whitaker Toni M. , Shaw Judith S. , Squires Jane K. , Pajek Julie A. , Wolf Rebecca B. , Slaughter Karnesha S. , Broughton Amber S. , Gerndt Krysta L. , Mlodoch Bethany J. , Lipkin Paul H.
Published: February 2022

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Learn the Signs. Act Early. program, funded the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to convene an expert working group to revise its developmental surveillance checklists. The goals of the group were to identify evidence-informed milestones to include in CDC checklists, clarify when most children can be expected to reach a milestone (to discourage a wait-and-see approach), and support clinical judgment regarding screening between recommended ages. Subject matter experts identified by the AAP established 11 criteria for CDC milestone checklists, including using milestones most children (≥75%) would be expected to achieve by specific health supervision visit ages and those that are easily observed in natural settings. A database of normative data for individual milestones, common screening and evaluation tools, and published clinical opinion was created to inform revisions. Application of the criteria established by the AAP working group and adding milestones for the 15- and 30-month health supervision visits resulted in a 26.4% reduction and 40.9% replacement of previous CDC milestones. One third of the retained milestones were transferred to different ages; 67.7% of those transferred were moved to older ages. Approximately 80% of the final milestones had normative data from ≥1 sources. Social-emotional and cognitive milestones had the least normative data. These criteria and revised checklists can be used to support developmental surveillance, clinical judgment regarding additional developmental screening, and research in developmental surveillance processes. Gaps in developmental data were identified particularly for social-emotional and cognitive milestones.
Uma alternativa de arrecadação emergencial: os empréstimos compulsórios
Authors: Pereira William Eufrasio NUnes , Elali André De Souza Dantas
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral apresentar os empréstimos compulsórios com uma alternativa de arrecadação emergencial dado a crise econômica, social e de saúde vivenciada no Brasil.  Considerando as dificuldades de aumentar a carga tributária em um período de crise, a crise política e uma estrutura tributária regressiva, constata-se a dificuldade do Estado em ampliar suas receitas para fazer frente às novas despesas da máquina pública. O contexto de fundo da defesa do empréstimo compulsório como alternativa viável ocorre em um momento de crise econômica acentuada por crise política e radicalizada pela crise na saúde. Neste paper procura-se mostrar como alternativa rápida e viável, o empréstimo compulsório, que politicamente não encontraria resistências políticas e econômicas severas dado a legislação vigente sobre a questão encontrar-se consolidada. Para proporcionar a visão analítica e crítica aqui exposta, utilizou-se como meios de pesquisa essencialmente bibliográfica, a partir do levantamento de referenciais teóricos de relevância na área. A conclusão de todo o exposto girar em torno do reconhecimento legitimo e viável dessa alternativa emergencial em momento de crise profunda, de diversas dimensões enfrentadas pela nação brasileira.
A (in)eficácia de normas trabalhistas e discriminação interseccional da mulher no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Celho Bianca Lemos , Bomfim Rainer , Silva Kyara Mariana
Published: February 2022

A reorganização simultânea do trabalho no campo assalariado e no campo doméstico na contemporaneidade impacta diretamente na discriminação do trabalho produtivo feminino, que atua de forma interseccional. A partir desse contexto jurídico-social, a presente pesquisa teórica volta-se para a análise do atual regime jurídico pátrio de proteção do trabalho feminino, mediante uma ótica interseccional, para averiguar as razões da ineficácia de tais normas no cotidiano brasileiro e sua relação com a divisão sexual do trabalho. Perpassando por um contexto de uma cultura com origens patriarcal e machista, que ainda permeiam a sociedade e, consequentemente as leis. Nessa pesquisa jurídico-sociológica, foram adotados marcos teóricos do Direito do Trabalho em sua matriz da teoria geral jurídica, bem como em sua perspectiva da sociologia jurídica laboral, em uma concepção tridimensional da Ciência do Direito. Buscando uma articulação entre a disciplina jurídica e outros ramos conexos, como a sociologia e a filosofia.
REDUCING MUSCLE TENSION AND PAIN IN TRAPEZIUS, AFTER APPLICATION OF VENTOSATHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH POSTURAL SCAPULAR DYSFUNCTIONS
Authors: Michalska Sheron Stefany Dutra Ritter , Brito Carla Itatiana Bastos de , Campani Daniel Pfeifer
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Postural changes due to muscle tensions also generate muscle pain and are increasingly common nowadays, affecting mainly the young-adult population. The manual vacuum suction cup is an ancient technique, capable of promoting tension reduction, generating muscle relaxation and consequently relieving pain. Objective: To evaluate the acute and chronic effects of massage therapy with a manual vacuum cup in sliding mode on muscle relaxation in the trapezius muscle by evaluating the position of the scapulae and on pain. Methodology: This is an quasi-experimental quantitative longitudinal clinical study, with a sample of 25 individuals, both sexes, aged between 18 and 35 years, residents of the city of Porto Alegre-RS and metropolitan region and who do not have diseases associates. The method used for data collection consisted of a postural examination and an assessment of pain classification through: the application of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); b) subjective clinical observation; c) the reference measurements of the scapula. Results: There was a significant improvement in pain reduction and scapular postural alignment, both in height and in the tipper. Conclusion: Suction cup therapy proved to be a safe method, easy to apply and with good results in terms of reducing muscle tension improving postural alignment and reducing pain in the individuals evaluated.
Esfoliação Facial: efeito benéfico e reações adversas
Authors: Soares Enilda Graciella Mutte , Mascarenhas Marcello Ávila
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A esfoliação facial é um método que contribui na melhoria das células da pele do rosto, através da remoção das células mortas, estimulando a renovação celular. Este método é utilizado para retirar impurezas atribuídas pelos mais diversos fatores que influenciam na aparência e também na saúde da pele. Para a realização de uma esfoliação pode-se utilizar substâncias abrasivas, equipamentos e formulações químicas que possuem a mesma finalidade. Objetivo: Diferenciar tipos de esfoliação facial para cada biotipo de pele em relação efeito benéfico e reações adversas através de uma revisão bibliográfica. Metodologia: O estudo de revisão utilizou a base de dados Pubmed e Scielo, utilizou descritores em saúde na língua portuguesa, espanhol e inglesa publicados no período de 2002 até 2019, além de livros da área, utilizando como descritores esfoliação facial, biotipos cutâneos, tratamentos faciais , esfoliação e reações adversas. Conclusões:Dentre os mais diversos tipos de tratamentos estéticos a esfoliação facial juntamente com os peelings têm sido os mais procurados como um recurso terapêutico para a melhoria da pele. Os benefícios aparecem, com o ganho de luminosidade da pele e também na renovação celular. Pode haver a ocorrência de efeitos adversos com o aparecimento de hipocromias e hipercromias.Para uma melhor escolha dos procedimentos a serem feitos, é fundamental a seleção de um bom profissional para a realização do tratamento e um atendimento personalizado.
The DNA barcodes for the species delimitation of the genus \(\textit{Tylopus}\) jeekel, 1968 in Vietnam (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: Anh Nguyen Duc , Anh Nguyen Thi Thu , Luong Phung Thi Hong , Hoa Dang Thi , Son Nguyen Giang
Published: February 2022

The 680 bp fragment of the COI gene was employed for DNA barcodes of the millipede genus Tylopus in Vietnam. A total of 22 samples representing for 14 morphological Tylopus species were analyzed. The K2P genetic divergence between Tylopus species ranges from 12.2% to 18.9% with a mean of 15 ± 1%. The intraspecific divergences are slightly different between species, from 3% to 5%. The AGBD analysis and phylogenetic trees also support 14 morphological species. It is also suggested to have more COI sequences of more species for better barcode reference library and better molecular species identification.
Genomic analysis of \(\textit{Aeromonas hydrophila}\) bacteriophages isolated in striped catfish farms in the Mekong delta, Vietnam
Authors: Vinh Tu Quang , Nhan Nguyen Le Hoai , Xuan Tran Thi Thanh , Nga Le Phi , Hoang Hoang Anh
Published: February 2022

Striped catfish or Vietnamese catfish mainly contributes to national aquaculture exports. However, bacterial diseases result in the decrease of striped catfish production efficiency and the most popular disease is hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Bacteriophages or bacterial viruses have been investigated as alternative biological agents to control pathogenic bacterial infections in aquaculture for many decades. A few genomes of striped catfish A. hydrophila bacteriophages have been analyzed, although many genomes of A. hydrophila bacteriophages in other fish have been investigated. In this study, the whole genome sequences of three new A. hydrophila bacteriophages such as PVN03, PVN04 and PVN05 were described. The morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy indicated that these phages belonged to Myoviridae family. The genome sizes of the phages PVN03, PVN04 and PVN05 were 50,725 bp, 51,721 bp and 51,884 bp, respectively. PVN03 had 64 open reading frames (ORFs), while PVN04 and PVN05 had 65 ORFs and 66 ORFs, respectively. No tRNAs, rRNAs or sRNAs, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, toxin genes and integrase genes were detected in three phage genomes. ANI analysis tool showed that Aeromonas hydrophila phages isolated in Vietnam formed a distinct group having a very low similarity with other Aeromonas hydrophila phages available on the database. In addition, phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that these phages formed a new genus in the Myrovidae family.
Homeotopy groups of leaf spaces of one-dimensional foliations on non-compact surfaces with non-compact leaves
Authors: Maksymenko Sergiy , Polulyakh Eugene
Published: February 2022

Let Z be a non-compact two-dimensional manifold obtained from a family of open strips R×(0,1) with boundary intervals by gluing those strips along some pairs of their boundary intervals. Every such strip has a natural foliation into parallel lines R×t, t∊(0,1), and boundary intervals which gives a foliation Δ on all of Z. Denote by H(Z,Δ) the group of all homeomorphisms of Z that maps leaves of Δ onto leaves and by H(Z/Δ) the group of homeomorphisms of the space of leaves endowed with the corresponding compact open topologies. Recently, the authors identified the homeotopy group π0H(Z,Δ) with a group of automorphisms of a certain graph G with additional structure which encodes the combinatorics of gluing Z from strips. That graph is in a certain sense dual to the space of leaves Z/Δ.
On the other hand, for every h\inH(Z,Δ) the induced permutation k of leaves of Δ is in fact a homeomorphism of Z/Δ and the correspondence h→k is a homomorphism ψ:H(Δ)→H(Z/Δ). The aim of the present paper is to show that ψ induces a homomorphism of the corresponding homeotopy groups ψ0:π0H(Z,Δ)→π0H(Z/Δ) which turns out to be either injective or having a kernel Z2. This gives a dual description of π0H(Z,Δ) in terms of the space of leaves.
Physical Activity Prevalence in Caregivers of Children With Different Ages and Its Association With Their Psychological and Physical Health Problems
Authors: Ku Byungmo , Ghim Seungbeen
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of meeting national physical activity guidelines among caregivers and to examine the association between meeting the guidelines and psychological and physical health problems in caregivers..METHODS 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) datasets and the national physical activity guidelines (i.e., 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) were used in the current study.RESULTS The prevalence of meeting national physical activity guidelines among caregivers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents were 46.78%, 48.55%, and 46.54%, respectively. Physically active caregivers of school-aged children showed significantly lower likelihoods of anxiety and obesity compared to physically inactive caregivers of school-aged children. Physically active caregivers of adolescents showed significantly lower likelihoods of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, neck pain, and back pain compared to physically inactive caregivers of adolescents.CONCLUSIONS As parents often experience some health problems, they should be encouraged to meet the national physical activity guidelines. Health care professionals should promote physical activity behaviors in caregivers by considering caregiver’s health conditions.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using extracts of Coldenia Procumbens
Authors: Sathish V , Roshini G , Priyanka E , Tamilarasi A , Manigandan S
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study to obtain copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) through a method of green synthesis that involves using plant extract of Coldenia Procumbens. Cu NPs were successfully synthesized using the green synthesis method in the experiments performed. Ultraviolet – visible
(UV – Vis) spectrophotometry of the characteristics of the acquired Cu NPs was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). It was found that the results of the SEM and XRD measurements that acquired the
Cu NPs were in the size of 50 nm. Absorption peak at 283 nm and 483 nm were observed by UV of Cu NPs. Afterwards, the antibacterial activities of these nanoparticles were measured, and it was understood from the obtained results that Cu NPs have both antibacterial and antimicrobial activities.
Effects of tumor derived exosomes on T cells markers expression
Authors: Hussain S. , Malik S. I.
Published: February 2022

Abstract Exosomes are 30-120nm bio particles transferred from donor to recipient cells leading to modification in their regulatory mechanisms depending upon the coded message in the form of loaded biomolecule. Cancer cells derived exosomes the true representatives of the parent cells have been found to modify the tumor surrounding/distinct regions and participate in metastasis, angiogenesis and immune suppression. Tis study was aimed to study the effects of tumor mice derived exosomes on the normal mice spleen isolated T cells by using co-culture experiments and flow cytometer analysis. We mainly focused on some of the T cells population and cytokines including IFN-γ, FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and KI67 (proliferation marker). Overall results indicated random changes in different set of experiments, where the cancer derived exosomes reduced the IFN-γ expression in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, similarly the Treg cells were also found decreased in the presence of cancer exosomes. No significant changes were observed on the Ki67 marker expression. Such studies are helpful in understanding the role of cancer exosomes in immune cells suppression in tumor microenvironment. Cancer exosomes will need to be validated in vivo and in vitro on a molecular scale in detail for clinical applications.
High population levels lead Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) to unrecorded feeding and oviposition behaviors on Eucalyptus urograndis plants
Authors: Dal Pogetto M. H. F. A. , Tavares W. S. , Zanuncio J. C. , Silva W. M. , Masson M. V. , Ferreira-Filho P. J. , Barbosa L. R. , Wilcken C. F.
Published: February 2022

Abstract The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), an insect pest originating in Australia and which feeds only on Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) plants, has spread to several countries. The populations of this insect commonly reach high populations on Eucalyptus plants since its entry into Brazil, and also indicated an unrecorded behavioral. The objectives of this study were to describe a peculiar adaptation in the feeding habit of G. brimblecombei and to register the new habit. The oviposition and feeding by G. brimblecombei, commonly, on the leaves of Eucalyptus, started to occur, also, on lignified twigs. This suggests a not yet recorded adaptation of this insect to reduce insect × plant intraspecific competition.
Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria, under laboratory conditions, aiming controlling Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on sugarcane
Authors: Monteiro G. G. , Paulo H. H. , Nascimento D. D. , Pelegrini G. , Lacerda L. M. , Chacon-Orozco J. , Leite L. G. , Polanczyk R. A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract Sugarcane crops Saccharum spp. (Poales: Poaceae) produces different derivatives to the world: sugar, ethanol and bioenergy. Despite the application of pesticides, insect pests still cause economic losses, among these the pink sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) causing direct and indirect damage to the plant. This study assess the virulence of three entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species and their symbiont bacteria against the pink sugarcane mealybug, under laboratory conditions. Fourteen treatments represented by control (distilled water), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (HB EN01) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema rarum (Doucet, 1986) (PAM25) and Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 (All) (Rhabditida: Steinermatidae) at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/insect, and the standard chemical product, thiamethoxam, were assayed. In a second experiment, the bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar, 1979), Xenorhabdus szentirmaii Lengyel, 2005 and Xenorhabdus nematophila (Poinar and Thomas, 1965) (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) at 3.0 x 109 cells/ml were assessed for each treatment. Ten replications were stablished, each one counting ten females/mealybugs inside a 10 cm Petri dish, amounting 100 individuals/treatment. All treatments were kept under stable conditions (25±1 ºC, H 70±10%, in the dark). All nematodes species infected S. sacchari. Steinerma rarum (PAM25) provided the highest mortality against the pink sugarcane mealybug (79.25%), followed by H. bacteriophora (HB EN01) (58.25%) and S. carpocapsae (All) (42.50%) (P<0.001). The mortality rate caused by X. szentirmaii, P. luminescens and X. nematophila were 40, 45 and 20%, respectively. Steinerma rarum (PAM25) has conditions to be a potential agent to be incorporate into the integrated pest management in sugarcane.
Representação espacial de dados eleitorais no Brasil: críticas e possibilidades
Authors: Junckes Ivan Jairo , Silva Júnior Wilson , Silva Joseli Maria , Silva Edson Armando
Published: February 2022

RESUMO Introdução: Os mapas coropléticos proporcionam uma precária representação dos fenômenos de caráter socioeconômico ou político. Ancorados nas poligonais político-administrativas, esses mapas coloridos de estados e municípios destinam-se essencialmente à representação das dimensões territoriais. Áreas com reduzida extensão, mas com alta densidade populacional ou eleitoral, quase desaparecem no mapa. Este artigo discute o uso desses mapas na ciência política e apresenta alternativas que visam a ampliar os recursos de representação espacial dos fenômenos político-eleitorais no Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Realizamos uma busca dirigida por produções acadêmicas que retratam o problema abordado e realizamos ensaios cartográficos com base em dados do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral relativos ao eleitorado apto para as eleições de 2016. Para as modelagens utilizamos os programas JamoviR para análises estatísticas, Quantum Gis para operações com bases tabulares e expressão temática, Saga Gis 3D e Grass para correção topológica. Resultados: Demonstramos limitações inerentes aos mapas coropléticos e indicamos quatro modelagens cartográficas: áreas iguais, 3D, anamorfose e interpolação. Discussão: As modelagens indicadas constituem alternativas metodológicas e contribuem para ampliar as condições de pesquisa nas áreas de geografia eleitoral e ciência política.
De idea a política pública: traducciones de la renta básica universal en Brasil, México y Argentina
Authors: Barajas Pedro Durán , Guzmán Alejandro Balanzó
Published: February 2022

RESUMEN Introducción: Esta investigación analiza procesos de política en torno a la Renta Básica Universal, mostrando rutas de transferencia de conocimiento de una comunidad epistémica global hacia políticas públicas en Brasil, México y Argentina. Se discute la literatura sobre transferencia de políticas y se elabora sobre los conceptos de campo, comunidad epistémica, traducción y cambio institucional isomorfo. Estos respaldan un marco analítico que señala los momentos y fenómenos que tienen lugar en la transferencia de políticas desde comunidades epistémicas. Materiales y Métodos: Los casos narran travesías de política pública en torno a la RBU. Fuentes de datos incluyen noticias, discursos, documentos de política y documentos académicos. La selección de los casos responde a un criterio de densidad y frecuencia, que a partir de búsquedas en Google sitúa Brasil, México y Argentina como aquellos más relevantes en la región. El rango temporal del estudio se establece en función de la historia de los casos, cuya ocurrencia varía según trayectorias particulares. Resultados: El ejercicio describe la trayectoria de que cursa la RBU en cada país. Se evidencia que las traducciones a política de la idea genérica de Renta Básica Universal en Brasil, México y Argentina logran un alcance limitado, pues inspiran programas que la implementan sólo de modo parcial. Discusión: Los antecedentes, posicionalidad de las comunidades epistémicas y configuraciones políticas definen las dinámicas, condiciones y resultados de las traducciones de la idea original. Este estudio se suma a la comprensión sobre los agentes y procesos de transferencia de políticas desde redes epistémicas de naturaleza global y ofrece herramientas analíticas para su estudio. Se demuestra que los productos de política que a la postre encarnan la idea escapan al control de sus gestores originales.