bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the bending force on the morphology of cotton stems and on the parameters of the stalk bender
Authors: Khudayarov B M , Kuziev U T , Sarimsakov B R , Khuydaykulov R F
Published: August 2022

The object of study is the process of bending the cotton stalk in an upright position to the side, and the technological design parameters of the bender which performs it. Bending the stalks to the side edge, in the direction of the aggregate movement, is the initial process of the proposed technology. The quality of the process is assessed by the fact that the stalks are laid on the bottom of the lateral axis along its axis of symmetry. The placement of the stalk at an angle of up to 30 ° to the axis of symmetry satisfies the requirement. Then the buried cotton stalks will not interfere with the agro-measures of inter-row cultivation. The research used the principles of theoretical and agricultural mechanics, higher mathematics and methods of mathematical planning of experiments. The process of bending the cotton stalk to the side, and the amount of force acting on the stalk by determining the stiffness, size, characteristics of the stalk, as well as the mounting angle and height of the stalk, were determined. The results were analyzed by constructing their graphs. The effects of the centering height and angles of the bender on the amount of force bending the stalk are determined by the experiment. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, the mounting height of the bender on the ridge surface for laying the stalks at a small angle to the axis is h=15 cm, angle relative to the direction of movement γ=43° and the radius of curvature of the bender r=96 mm was determined.
Cutting branches of trees and using opportunities of them
Authors: Ulashov J Z , Toshmirzaev M A , Komilov U K
Published: August 2022

Taking into account that in Uzbekistan, great attention is being paid to the establishment of new gardens and vineyards, the expansion of the area of forests, the greening of roads and avenues, and the amount of pruning works will also increase. As a result, it is expected that the size of the branches formed because of their shaping and pruning will increase, and this bushy tree requires additional processing and consideration of the possibilities of their targeted use in order to prevent the accumulation of branches. In article it is analyzed the formed volumes of pruning trees, foreign experience in processing and using them. According to the analysis, it was revealed that in the coming years in the Republic the volume of cut branches of trees increases by 2 times and there is a need to use them as firewood with cutting them 100-400 mm long. Based on this, the development of an effective device for chopping cut tree branches in the required size in order to use them as firewood in areas is relevant.
Management efficiency of pumping aggregates through frequency converter
Authors: Isakov A , Shavazov A , Elmuratova A
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the control of pumping aggregates by means of frequency converters. Information is provided on the structure of the operating principles of the frequency converter, the conditions of connection to the pumping aggregates. Experimental research has shown that the cost-effectiveness of resource savings is achieved through the smooth operation and smoothing of the dynamic modes of the system “frequency converter - asynchronous motor - centrifugal pump - pressure transmission line”.
Digital technologies and geodetic measurements in land management expertise
Authors: Odintsov S V , Loshakov A V , Kipa L V , Melnik M S , Kasmynina M G
Published: August 2022

The ever-increasing pace of cadastral work on land plots sometimes leads to a loss in the quality of the work performed, resulting in disputes regarding land issues. This problem often comes to judicial practice, as a result of which a judicial land management examination is carried out. This article discusses the use of digital technologies for the purpose of comparing information about the location of the boundaries of land plots located in the Unified State Register of Real Estate with the actual boundaries existing on the ground, fixed using natural objects or objects of artificial origin during land management expertise. As a result, reasonable decisions were prepared that are applicable in order to resolve cadastral issues and inconsistencies in various information about land plots.
Washing steps and the process of saturation of contaminants with moisture in the processing of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Umarov G G , Abdurokhmonov Sh X , Tulaganov B Q , Telovov A T , Bozorboev A A
Published: August 2022

The process of washing fruits and vegetables is considered. Stages of the process of washing fruits and vegetables. The theory of moisture penetration. Experimental studies of the process of saturation of pollution with moisture. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the process of saturation of pollution with moisture are analyzed.
GERT analysis of UAV transport technological cycles when used in precision agriculture
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovalev D I , Voroshilova A A , Podoplelova V A , Borovinsky D A
Published: August 2022

The article discusses a new stage in the development of the agricultural sphere, associated with the use of precision farming technologies. It is shown that the development of precision farming technology requires a higher level of technical support based on the use of unmanned aerial systems that perform differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers according to a given field treatment program. A stochastic GERT-model of the UAV transport technological cycle is proposed. The loss of UAV performance over time serves as a criterion in the risk analysis of UAV transport technological cycles. This paper proposes a method for determining the quantitative characteristics of the risks of UAV transport units as a local criterion for the predicted amount of downtime and losses. A new method for calculating the quantitative values of the risk of UAV downtime, as the main link in the precision farming system in one transport technological cycle, is proposed based on the procedures of stochastic graphs.
Analysis of heat and moisture content inside the ridge in ridge cotton growing
Authors: Shaimardanov B P
Published: August 2022

On the basis of theoretical developments of recent years it was established that there is a certain dependence between soil density and productivity of agricultural crops and that for different biological groups of plants there is a certain value of soil, under which the best conditions for their growth and development are created. In this connection it was recommended to pay special attention to identification of relation between soil density and its water-air, biological and nutritive regimes. Results of researches showed that the best water-physical parameters, good biological and nutritious regime in typical sierozem and meadow non-saline medium-loamy soils is at volume weight equal to 1.1-1.34 g/cm3, and for light sierozem medium-loamy, medium saline - 1.2-1.4 g/cm3, etc. In order to create and maintain optimum compaction of arable soil during long period of vegetation it is necessary to change technology of ridge cultivation of cotton. The change consists in making ridging in spring and sowing cotton seeds on them without early spring and pre-sowing tillage. With sowing of seeds by seeders, drip irrigation hose is laid immediately on the ridge and after sowing, soaking water is supplied to the seeds. In article results of researches on development of cotton cultivation technology on a ridge with addressed and uniform moistening of root system of plants are given.
Development of the design of pre-sowing mounted leveller TEA-7
Authors: Shaimardanov B P
Published: August 2022

Crop cultivation technology is a complex of agronomic practices, carried out in a certain order, aimed at meeting the biological requirements of the crop and obtaining a given amount and quality of yield. The tasks can be solved by using different technological methods, which are selected individually not only for the crop as a whole, but also as the best option for each variety or hybrid, as applied to specific soil and climatic conditions. Development of new technologies and elements of cultivation technology, their maximum coordination with the biological requirements of crops and individual approach to each variety (hybrid) will allow to maximize the potential of the cultivated crop. In modern conditions, resource-saving technologies are one of the priority areas in modern agriculture, the development of which has become a priority task, because in modern crop production there are a number of problems: reduction of profitability of agriculture, significant depreciation of machinery fleet and the trend towards deterioration of soil fertility.
Enzymatic activity of grains of different varieties of spring barley
Authors: Islamgulova R R , Trukhachev V I , Novikov N N , Seregina I I , Belopukhov S L , Dmitrevskaya I I
Published: August 2022

The paper presents studies of the enzymatic activity of barley grains of different varieties. In experiments with different varieties of malting barley, the activity of isoforms of amylolytic enzymes was determined at pH = 5.5, 7.0, 8.0 using a phosphate buffer system (1/15 M phosphate buffer). The activity of enzymes in the germinated grain was determined after the removal of sprouts and roots. In experiments to determine the activity of amylases in the study of the action of enzymes in acidic (pH = 5.5), neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline (pH = 8) environments, it was found that in germinated barley grain, acid isoenzymes α- and β-amylases, as well as neutral and alkaline isoenzymes. It is shown that in the process of malting on the 7th day, the activity of amylotic enzymes increases significantly, which is of great importance in the brewing industry. During the germination of barley seeds under standard conditions, an active complex of enzymes amylases, proteases, cytases, oxidoreductases is formed, which dissolve endosperm cells and convert reserve substances into soluble compounds.
Development and justification of the thermal parameters of a mechanized rotary blancher
Authors: Rakhmatov O , Rakhmatov F O , Nuriev K K , Nuriev M K
Published: August 2022

The design of a continuous rotary blancher for moisture-thermal processing of grapes and fruits before laying them for drying has been developed. Taking into account the conditions of mechanization of this process, we expressed a working hypothesis about the possibility of creating such means, the action of which will provide a continuous technology for the flow of all operations that make up the heat treatment process. It includes the minimum heat consumption for the process, design and kinematic parameters, which will allow mechanizing technological operations with the specified modes of their operation and preparing the processed product for further drying in the continuous in-line production of raisins. A method for calculating the thermal load of a blancher is given.
Development of a seeder design for precise sowing of carrot seeds on a ridge
Authors: Babojanov A B , Dulliev A K , Turdibekov A R
Published: August 2022

Among vegetable crops, carrot is one of the main agricultural products for domestic consumption and export in Uzbekistan. For this reason, great attention is paid to its cultivation as a main and repeated crop after grain. Today, in order to earn additional income from the land twice, carrots are planted in the main part of the grain-free areas of farmers and peasant farms. With the increase in the area planted with carrots, there was also a demand for seed drills. Taking this into account, a seeder was developed that sows carrot seeds in the exact amount in the specified planting pattern on the paddy field. In one pass of the seeder, flattening the top of four furrows to form a bush, 5x5 cm when the distance between seeds is 60 cm, 6x6 cm at 70 cm spacing and 8x8 cm at 90 cm spacing are planted 1.0-1.5 cm deep. Accordingly, the working equipment of the seeder installed as a form moving.
Harvesting technology of the corn in the form of husked cobs and machine for its operation
Authors: Khatamov B A , Fozilov G G
Published: August 2022

One of the most important tasks in the cultivation of corn for grain is to harvest the grown crop without losing and qualitatively. If it is harvested in a mechanized way with technical means, a significant reduction in labor and material costs is achieved. Taking this into account, the technology of harvesting corn in the form of husked corn, damaging the stalk, and the corn harvesting machine that implements it were developed. The machine has been improved by placing stalk-leaf separators under the auger, and according to the results of the field experiment, the amount of leaf-stem in the stalks before placing the leaf-stem separators was 4.8 per cent, but after placing the leaf-stem separators, it was collected the amount of leaf-stem in the soot decreased by 1.4 per cent to 3.4 per cent, and it was found that the leaf-stem separator has the ability to implement the specified technological process.
Experimental study of pressure drop in porous structures created on the basis of Kelvin cells
Authors: Soloveva O V , Solovev S A , Shakurova R Z , Murzaev A S , Gilyazov A I , Golubev Y P
Published: August 2022

In this work, we carried out the experimental studies of the pressure drop in porous structures created on the basis of Kelvin cells. The cross sections of the struts of porous structures had the following geometries: circle, triangle, and spinner. The equivalent diameter of the struts was 5, 10, 15, and 20% of 3 mm, where 3 mm is the length of the edge of the cube into which the cell is inscribed. At the same time, several models of porous structures had narrowing in the struts. Experimental studies were carried out at the following air flow velocities: 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 and 1.25 m/s. The research results showed that with an equivalent strut diameter of 5, 10, and 15% of the length of the edge of the cube in which the cell is inscribed, the largest pressure drop at all studied air flow velocities is observed in porous structures with a circular cross section of the struts, without narrowing. With an equivalent strut diameter of 10, 15, 20% of the length of the cube edge, the smallest pressure drop is shown by cells with a circular cross section of the struts, with a narrowing. With an equivalent strut diameter of 20%, the structure with strut geometry in the form of a spinner showed the highest pressure drop. Thus, the geometry of struts of porous structures has a significant effect on the value of the pressure drop.
Growth and development of bulls of the red steppe breed in lightweight buildings
Authors: Sattarov N E , Borotov A N , Yunusov R F , Yangiboev A E
Published: August 2022

The article examines the effectiveness of growing and fattening young cattle in the conditions of the hot climate of Uzbekistan in light-weight premises, in individual cages and in houses for individual maintenance after birth up to three months of age, and then in open areas with shady canopies, by the “cold” method, up to 18 months of age. Growing young animals using this technology has shown its advantage over the traditional method, with group keeping indoors. The organization of such a method of rearing young cattle at all stages of production ultimately ensured an increase in the efficiency of animal husbandry. The data obtained indicate that a more active increase in the productivity of livestock and the biological potential with the corresponding data are obtained in the conditions of rearing calves in a mixed method. It is indicated that in cattle breeding, the use of this method of growing allows farms to increase beef production and improve their quality, maximize the preservation of newborn calves and reduce the incidence of animals by increasing their natural resistance.
Optimized metal foam-filled Crushbox structure to improve the impact energy absorption
Authors: Kertesz J. , Kovacs T.A.
Published: August 2022

According to the transport statistics, there are many personal injury affected road fatalities on the EU’s roads. The increasing urbanization results in huge daily crowded paths in the cities. Drivers try to recoup for lost time in traffic jams with increased speed and reduced tracking distance, and the inattentive behavior to using mobile phones is a common cause of rear-end collision.The most common personal injury of the rear-end collision would be decreased by an optimized crumple zone to reduce the impact load force. With mass optimization not only the operational efficiency would be improved but the impact energy can be reeducated also. To achieve this aim integrated and advanced materials must be applied. This study is focusing on the optimization of the bumper-crushbox, and apply an improved structure in which more volume of the metal foam can be utilized, than the recent solutions.
Investigation of the torque transmission time constant of a multi-disc magnetorheological clutch in the case of ramp function excitation
Authors: Mester S , Horváth B , Lukács A , Szalai I
Published: August 2022

In this work the torque transmission time constant of a multi-disc magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch is presented. The self-built clutch contains six layers of MR fluid and it is excited by an external electromagnetic coil. The transmitted torque is measured by a torque sensor using a self-developed LabVIEW software. Torque transmission is measured using ramp excitation with different slopes. The time constant of the clutch is derived from the time delay of the torque response. Our measurements showed the time constants as a hyperbolic function of the slope of the ramp excitation.
Production of syntactic metal foams reinforced in the matrix material
Authors: Károly D , Maróti J E , Lolbert-Szabó J , Kemény A , Orbulov I N
Published: August 2022

Metal foams are cellular materials where the matrix material is metallic, and gaseous cells are present in this enclosing material. Due to these cells, metal foams are low-density materials and have good energy-absorbing properties to their structure. Reinforcing materials can highly increase the load capacity of the structure. Our goal is to produce a low-cost, reinforced syntactic metal foam with an easy production process. The mechanical properties of A356 (AlSi7Mg) aluminium matrix syntactic foams are investigated, produced with lightweight expanded clay aggregate particles (LECAPs) as filler material and reinforced with aluminum-oxide (Al2O3) with a diameter of 1 mm and 0.5 mm, and silicon carbide (SiC) with a diameter of 0.4 mm in the matrix. 20 wt.% of the reinforcement was used in each case. The foams were produced by low-pressure infiltration, and the specimens, which were cut by conventional machining methods, were subjected to heat treatment. The grain structures of the materials were studied via optical microscopy, their mechanical properties were tested with compression tests. Results show that the production is successful, and reinforcement can be achieved with these materials.
Ionic contamination reduction with dry ice cleaning
Authors: Tóth Zs , Lukács A , Szalai I
Published: August 2022

Compared with routine methods, dry ice cleaning is an innovative, inexpensive and green technology, which efficiently cleans printed circuit boards (PCBs) and decreases levels of ionic contamination. Due to its outstanding performance, dry ice cleaning is suitable for removing flux residues. In this study, boards that have been artificially contaminated by flux were blasted by dry ice with different parameters. The influence of dry ice cleaning on different surface finishes was comprehensively investigated. It was shown that the efficiency of dry ice cleaning is comparable with other methods and is quantifiable. Furthermore, dry ice cleaning can effectively remove pollution on PCB surfaces, yielding a noticeable and ideal cleaning effect without decreasing the solderability of different surface finishes.
Finite element simulation of hardness testing with different material models
Authors: Oláh F. , Réger M. , Gonda V. , Horváth R.
Published: August 2022

Finite element modelling is a modern and efficient way to perform stress-strain analyses on both simple components and complex structures. If the material properties are properly set, the software can also model the deformation of parts. A very important criterion of accurate finite element calculations is an appropriate material model. The stress–strain function recorded during the tensile testing of standard specimens shows that stress is not constant during deformation and so it can be specified with a function in finite element software. Often, in finite element modelling, a bilinear model is used to simplify this function. The aim of this paper is to show the difference between the bilinear model, the multilinear model (the model split into several sections the stress-strain curve) and the real function in the analysis of deformation in hardness testing. We also analyse the minimum density of meshing which still provides acceptable accuracy in hardness testing calculations.
State-monitoring and product quality measurement of additively manufactured injection mould inserts
Authors: Krizsma Sz. , Suplicz A.
Published: August 2022

Additive technologies represent a state-of-the-art and innovative way in today’s mould making. They allow production of both metallic and polymeric moulds with relative simplicity and flexibility compared to conventional machining. Despite its possible benefits, this area is scarcely researched. In our work, we analysed in-mould applicability of epoxy-acrylate inserts manufactured by PolyJet technology. We created a comprehensive state monitoring method to quantify important process parameters like cavity pressure, strain and temperature of the inserts. We analysed the effect of holding pressure on the resulting cavity pressure and strain of the insert. We showed that strain of the insert gradually increased after the cycles and we identified characteristic segments of the injection moulding cycle on the strain-time curves. We also applied surface temperature measurements using a thermal imaging camera. The purpose of this measurement was to determine necessary delay time between cycles allowing inserts to cool below heat deflection temperature, so early failure could be prevented. By using thermal imaging camera, we measured cavity surface temperature distribution and demonstrated the effect of low thermal conductivity of the insert material. We also measured thickness and weight variation of injection moulded products to show the effect of holding pressure and mould deformation on final product quality. As we applied higher holding pressures, product mass and average product thickness grew.
Demonstration of the effect of vibration stress relief in the case of metal castings in acoustically made measurement images.
Authors: Bársony Zs , Rutscher A , Kiri A
Published: August 2022

This article demonstrates the effectiveness of vibration stress relief (VSR). VSR has been described in a number of written literature and its efficacy has been investigated by many researchers. The interesting thing about this article is that we do not use a common test method to detect the residual stress of a casting part. The diagnostics are performed acoustically, from which the natural frequency of the component is determined, from which, the residaul stress can be deduced. The aforementioned data play an important role in setting up a VSR. The results are significant because the new method significantly reduced the time of diagnostic. Last but not least, this type of diagnostics is easy to implement in industrial work areas, even factories and foundries, as it does not require a large area, is not energy and investment-intensive.
Beyond third-order optical nonlinearities in liquid suspensions of metal-nanoparticles and metal-nanoclusters
Authors: Reyna Albert S , de Araújo Cid B
Published: August 2022

Various nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena observed in liquid suspensions of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and metal nanoclusters (NCs) have received considerable attention in the past few years. For example, multiphoton absorption, modulational instability, optical solitons, and parametric processes, benefit from research on soft-matter systems. Thus, many results are still being published providing support for earlier theoretical predictions and new discoveries. In particular, colloids containing NPs and NCs of noble-metal atoms present outstanding NLO responses and have been exploited to study for studying various phenomena and applications. Indeed, when illuminated with intense optical fields, such colloids can exhibit effective high-order nonlinearities (HONs) with large magnitudes which can dominate their NLO behavior. In this article, we review experiments with liquid suspensions of noble-metal NPs and noble-metal NCs, in which an appropriate methodology has been applied to study effective HONs for different sizes and morphologies of metal-nanostructures. In addition, a nonlinearity management procedure is discussed as a valuable tool to control for controlling the NLO response of metal-colloids through constructive and destructive interference among the nonlinearities of different orders. Because of the strong NLO behavior of metal-colloids, various phenomena associated to effective HONs were investigated such as: self-action effects, saturated multiphoton absorption, NLO scattering, bright and vortex spatial solitons, and operation of Random Lasers. Perspectives for further studies and photonic applications of metal-colloids exploring their effective nonlinearities are also discussed.
Powering morphogenesis: multiscale challenges at the interface of cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton
Authors: Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo , Peifer Mark
Published: August 2022

Among the defining features of the animal kingdom is the ability of cells to change shape and move. This underlies embryonic and postembryonic development, tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and wound healing. Cell shape change and motility require linkage of the cell’s force-generating machinery to the plasma membrane at cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix junctions. Connections of the actomyosin cytoskeleton to cell–cell adherens junctions need to be both resilient and dynamic, preventing tissue disruption during the dramatic events of embryonic morphogenesis. In the past decade, new insights radically altered the earlier simple paradigm that suggested simple linear linkage via the cadherin–catenin complex as the molecular mechanism of junction–cytoskeleton interaction. In this Perspective we provide a brief overview of our current state of knowledge and then focus on selected examples highlighting what we view as the major unanswered questions in our field and the approaches that offer exciting new insights at multiple scales from atomic structure to tissue mechanics.
Lysosome docking to WIPI1 rings and ER-connected phagophores occurs during DNAJB12- and GABARAP-dependent selective autophagy of misfolded P23H-rhodopsin
Authors: Kennedy Andrew , Ren Hong Yu , Madden Victoria J. , Cyr Douglas M.
Published: August 2022

P23H-rhodopsin accumulates in an ERAD-resistant conformation that is stabilized by DNAJB12 and Hsp70. DNAJB12 and FIP200 colocalize on the rim of omegasomes to which lysosomes dock during disposal of dominantly toxic P23H-rhodopsin.
Nucleotide- and Protein-Dependent Functions of Actg1
Authors: Sundby Lauren J. , Southern William M. , Hawbaker Katelin M. , Trujillo Jesús M. , Perrin Benjamin J. , Ervasti James M.
Published: August 2022

Actbc–g Actg1–/– mice expressing only γ-actin from an edited Actbc–g allele have growth and survival defects despite expressing normal levels of γ-actin. Cell and auditory phenotypes associated with Actg1 KO were rescued by γ-actin expression from Actbc–g . We conclude that Actb and Actg support unique nucleotide- and protein-dependent functions.
Acentrosomal spindle assembly and maintenance in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes requires a kinesin-12 nonmotor microtubule interaction domain
Authors: Wolff Ian D. , Hollis Jeremy A. , Wignall Sarah M.
Published: August 2022

In Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes, kinesin-12/KLP-18 is the major force-generating motor that promotes spindle bipolarity. A combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches is used to gain insight into the mechanisms by which KLP-18 and its adaptor MESP-1 promote spindle assembly, and it is shown that KLP-18 is also continuously required to maintain bipolarity.
Preprint Highlight: Interphase microtubule disassembly is a signaling cue that drives cell rounding at mitotic entry
Authors: Landino Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Metaphase cell rounding is an important step during cell division; however, the cell cycle regulation of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins which drive cell rounding is not well understood. Using a small molecule screen, the authors unexpectedly found that microtubule disassembly activates ERM proteins and cell rounding. The authors determined that microtubule disassembly acts as a cell cycle signal to activate ERM proteins via GEF-H1 and the kinase SLK. This new model suggests that as cells transition from interphase to metaphase, the observed change in microtubule dynamics is not only important for spindle assembly but also helps drive cortical actomyosin remodeling to enable cell rounding.
Preprint Highlight: DNA damage signaling regulates cohesin stabilization and promotes meiotic chromosome axis morphogenesis
Authors: Subramanian Vijayalakshmi V.
Published: August 2022

Cohesins play an important role in organizing the meiotic chromosome structure, but how cohesins themselves are regulated during this process is not entirely clear. Taking advantage of conditional depletion, point mutations and quantitative immunofluorescence, this study finds that the kinase CHK‐2 is a master regulator of cohesin stabilization during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Surprisingly, CHK‐2, a known downstream effector of ATM‐1 in DNA damage response, promotes ATM‐1 activity in the worm germline. Curiously, consensus CHK‐2 phosphorylation sites are found in ATM orthologues from several organisms suggesting this may be a conserved mechanism. The findings will be of broad interest to chromosome biologists and developmental biologists.
Preprint Highlight: Myosin waves and a mechanical asymmetry guide the oscillatory migration of Drosophila cardiac progenitors
Authors: Ríos-Barrera Luis Daniel
Published: August 2022

Heart formation in Drosophila is initiated by collective cell migration of two lateral rows of cardioblasts that meet at the dorsal midline of the embryo to form a tube. How cardioblast migration is coordinated is not well understood. This work reports that cardioblast migration follows an oscillatory pattern driven by actomyosin waves that run between the leading and trailing cell edges. These pulses drive cell shape changes that in turn enable cell displacements. Collective cell migration is a widespread phenomenon driving tissue rearrangements in development, in response to injuries, and in many other contexts. These results provide a new model of how migration of multiple cells can be coordinated at a subcellular level.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Adrenal Gland
Authors: Jha Shilpy , Mohanty Sambit K , Sampat Nakul Y , Naik Subhasini , Baisakh Manas R , Pattnaik Niharika , Lobo Anandi , Rauta Sudhasmita , Sharma Shivani , Munjal Gauri , Jain Deepika , Arora Samriti , Malik Vipra , Jain Ekta , Sahoo Biswajit , Bhardwaj Mohit , Mishra Saurav K , Jaiswal Sunil , Barik Lalit M , Balzer Bonnie L , Chakrabarti Indranil , Parwani Anil V
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm that can arise at various anatomic locations. It is characterized by inv12(q13q13)-derived NAB2::STAT6 fusion, resulting in the nuclear expression of STAT6. Primary SFT of the adrenal gland is rare. We launched a multi-institutional collaboration to comprehend the overarching demographics, clinical and follow-up, macroscopic, microscopic, IHC, and FISH features of 9 patients with SFT of the adrenal gland.

Methods

We added a series of 9 patients to the collection of adrenal SFTs where the clinicopathologic parameters, including clinical presentation, imaging, histopathology, IHC, molecular profiles, and management and follow-up data, were analyzed comprehensively. A modified 4-variable risk stratification model, including age, tumor size, and necrosis, was applied.

Results

Our series consisted of 6 male and 3 female patients, ranging in age from 19 to 64 years (mean, 49.3 years). Abdominal pain (4) and fever with abdominal pain (1) were the presenting symptoms in 5 patients. In the remaining 4 patients, the tumors were detected by abdominal imaging for hypertension and diabetes. The size of the tumor ranged from 2 cm to 10.5 cm in maximum dimension. All tumors exhibited the morphology of a spindle cell SFT with a patternless architecture; 3 had a focal storiform arrangement. STAT6 positivity was observed in all tumors, and 7 were positive for CD34. Surgical resection was the primary modality of treatment. No adjuvant therapy was administered. Follow-up ranging from 7 months to 23 months was available for 7 patients. All were alive without disease recurrence or metastasis. Risk stratification placed 8 (88.9%) patients into a low-risk category and 1 into an intermediate-risk category.

Conclusions

This series is the largest of adrenal SFTs to date. These tumors of the adrenal gland are predominantly spindle cell neoplasms with indolent behavior, with a wide age distribution and a slight male preponderance. Combining our cohort with the previously published cases, the majority of tumors fall into the low-risk category for the propensity to develop metastases. Owing to the rarity and age distribution associated with these tumors, the differential diagnosis is wide and requires a systematic approach for ruling out key differential diagnoses aided by STAT6 IHC.
Association of Daily Temperature With Suicide Mortality: A Comparison With Other Causes of Death and Characterization of Possible Attenuation Across 5 Decades
Authors: Lehmann Fanny , Alary Pierre-Etienne , Rey Grégoire , Slama Rémy
Published: August 2022

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in young adults in many Western countries. We examined the short-term association of temperature with cause-specific mortality, comparing suicide with other causes of death and describing possible attenuation of associations with temperature across decades. We considered all deaths that occurred in France between 1968 and 2016. For each cause of death, we conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis of associations with daily temperature. We stratified the association across time periods. A total of 502,017 deaths by suicide were recorded over 49 years. Temperature was monotonically associated with suicide mortality. The strongest association was found at lag 0 days. The relative risk of suicide mortality at the 99th (compared with the 1st) temperature percentile was 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.46, 1.63). Among all causes of death, suicide was the only cause displaying a monotonic trend with temperature and ranked seventh for heat-related mortality; 2 other causes of death implying the nervous system ranked third and fourth. Associations with temperature attenuated between the 1968–1984 and 1985–2000 periods for all-cause mortality and suicide mortality, without clear further attenuation in the 2001–2016 period. The robust short-term monotonic association between temperature and suicide risk could be considered in heat effects– and suicide-related prevention campaigns.
NeuroPred-CLQ: incorporating deep temporal convolutional networks and multi-head attention mechanism to predict neuropeptides
Authors: Chen Shouzhi , Li Qing , Zhao Jianping , Bin Yannan , Zheng Chunhou
Published: August 2022

Neuropeptides (NPs) are a particular class of informative substances in the immune system and physiological regulation. They play a crucial role in regulating physiological functions in various biological growth and developmental stages. In addition, NPs are crucial for developing new drugs for the treatment of neurological diseases. With the development of molecular biology techniques, some data-driven tools have emerged to predict NPs. However, it is necessary to improve the predictive performance of these tools for NPs. In this study, we developed a deep learning model (NeuroPred-CLQ) based on the temporal convolutional network (TCN) and multi-head attention mechanism to identify NPs effectively and translate the internal relationships of peptide sequences into numerical features by the Word2vec algorithm. The experimental results show that NeuroPred-CLQ learns data information effectively, achieving 93.6% accuracy and 98.8% AUC on the independent test set. The model has better performance in identifying NPs than the state-of-the-art predictors. Visualization of features using t-distribution random neighbor embedding shows that the NeuroPred-CLQ can clearly distinguish the positive NPs from the negative ones. We believe the NeuroPred-CLQ can facilitate drug development and clinical trial studies to treat neurological disorders.
Common and unique neural mechanisms of social and nonsocial conflict resolving and adaptation
Authors: Wang Jia-Xi , Li Yuhe , Mu Yan , Zhuang Jin-Ying
Published: August 2022

Humans often need to deal with various forms of information conflicts that arise when they receive inconsistent information. However, it remains unclear how we resolve them and whether the brain may recruit similar or distinct brain mechanisms to process different domains (e.g. social vs. nonsocial) of conflicts. To address this, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and scanned 50 healthy participants when they were asked to perform 2 Stroop tasks with different forms of conflicts: social (i.e. face–gender incongruency) and nonsocial (i.e. color–word incongruency) conflicts. Neuroimaging results revealed that the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex was generally activated in processing incongruent versus congruent stimuli regardless of the task type, serving as a common mechanism for conflict resolving across domains. Notably, trial-based and model-based results jointly demonstrated that the dorsal and rostral medial prefrontal cortices were uniquely engaged in processing social incongruent stimuli, suggesting distinct neural substrates of social conflict resolving and adaptation. The findings uncover that the common but unique brain mechanisms are recruited when humans resolve and adapt to social conflicts.
Neural circuits underpinning face tuning in male depression
Authors: Kubon Julian , Romagnano Valentina , Sokolov Alexander N , Fallgatter Andreas J , Braun Christoph , Pavlova Marina A
Published: August 2022

Reading bodies and faces is essential for efficient social interactions, though it may be thought-provoking for individuals with depression. Yet aberrations in the face sensitivity and underwriting neural circuits are not well understood, in particular, in male depression. Here, we use cutting-edge analyses of time course and dynamic topography of gamma oscillatory neuromagnetic cortical activity during administration of a task with Arcimboldo-like images. No difference in face tuning was found between individuals with depression and their neurotypical peers. Furthermore, this behavioral outcome nicely dovetails with magnetoencephalographic data: at early processing stages, the gamma oscillatory response to images resembling a face was rather similar in patients and controls. These bursts originated primarily from the right medioventral occipital cortex and lateral occipital cortex. At later processing stages, however, its topography altered remarkably in depression with profound engagement of the frontal circuits. Yet the primary difference in depressive individuals as compared with their neurotypical peers occurred over the left middle temporal cortices, a part of the social brain, engaged in feature integration and meaning retrieval. The outcome suggests compensatory recruitment of neural resources in male depression.
The ZSWIM8 ubiquitin ligase regulates neurodevelopment by guarding the protein quality of intrinsically disordered Dab1
Authors: Wang Guan , Lei Jing , Wang Yifeng , Yu Jiahui , He Yinghui , Zhao Weiqi , Hu Zhechun , Xu Zhenzhong , Jin Yishi , Gu Yan , Guo Xing , Yang Bing , Gao Zhihua , Wang Zhiping
Published: August 2022

Protein quality control (PQC) is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis and guarding the accuracy of neurodevelopment. Previously, we found that a conserved EBAX-type CRL regulates the protein quality of SAX-3/ROBO guidance receptors in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we report that ZSWIM8, the mammalian homolog of EBAX-1, is essential for developmental stability of mammalian brains. Conditional deletion of Zswim8 in the embryonic nervous system causes global cellular stress, partial perinatal lethality and defective migration of neural progenitor cells. CRISPR-mediated knockout of ZSWIM8 impairs spine formation and synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons. Mechanistic studies reveal that ZSWIM8 controls protein quality of Disabled 1 (Dab1), a key signal molecule for brain development, thus protecting the signaling strength of Dab1. As a ubiquitin ligase enriched with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), ZSWIM8 specifically recognizes IDRs of Dab1 through a “disorder targets misorder” mechanism and eliminates misfolded Dab1 that cannot be properly phosphorylated. Adult survivors of ZSWIM8 CKO show permanent hippocampal abnormality and display severely impaired learning and memory behaviors. Altogether, our results demonstrate that ZSWIM8-mediated PQC is critical for the stability of mammalian brain development.
Hippocampal oxytocin is involved in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity deficits following acute high-fat diet intake in juvenile rats
Authors: Khazen Tala , Narattil Nisha Rajan , Ferreira Guillaume , Maroun Mouna
Published: August 2022

The hippocampus undergoes maturation during juvenility, a period of increased vulnerability to environmental challenges. We recently found that acute high-fat diet (HFD) impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. We also recently reported that similar HFD exposure affected prefrontal plasticity and social memory through decreased oxytocin levels in the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, we therefore evaluated whether hippocampal oxytocin levels are also affected by juvenile HFD and could mediate deficits of hippocampal LTP and spatial memory. We found that postweaning HFD decreased oxytocin levels in the CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, systemic injection of high, but not low, dose of oxytocin rescued HFD-induced LTP impairment in CA1. Moreover, deficits in long-term object location memory (OLM) were prevented by systemic injection of both high and low dose of oxytocin as well as by intra-CA1 infusion of oxytocin receptor agonist. Finally, we found that blocking oxytocin receptors in CA1 impaired long-term OLM in control-fed juvenile rats. These results suggest that acute HFD intake lowers oxytocin levels in the CA1 that lead to CA1 plasticity impairment and spatial memory deficits in juveniles. Further, these results provide the first evidence for the regulatory role of oxytocin in spatial memory.
Age-related changes of deep-brain neurophysiological activity
Authors: Hinault T , Baillet S , Courtney S M
Published: August 2022

Cognitive decline with age is associated with brain atrophy and reduced brain activations, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are unclear, especially in deeper brain structures primarily affected by healthy aging or neurodegenerative processes. Here, we characterize time-resolved, resting-state magnetoencephalography activity of the hippocampus and subcortical brain regions in a large cohort of healthy young (20–30 years) and older (70–80 years) volunteers from the Cam-CAN (Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience) open repository. The data show age-related changes in both rhythmic and arrhythmic signal strength in multiple deeper brain regions, including the hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus. We observe a slowing of neural activity across deeper brain regions, with increased delta and reduced gamma activity, which echoes previous reports of cortical slowing. We also report reduced occipito-parietal alpha peak associated with increased theta-band activity in the hippocampus, an effect that may reflect compensatory processes as theta activity, and slope of arrhythmic activity were more strongly expressed when short-term memory performances were preserved. Overall, this study advances the understanding of the biological nature of inter-individual variability in aging. The data provide new insight into how hippocampus and subcortical neurophysiological activity evolve with biological age, and highlight frequency-specific effects associated with cognitive decline versus cognitive maintenance.
Phosprof: pathway analysis database of drug response based on phosphorylation activity measurements
Authors: Kagiwada Harumi , Motono Chie , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Fukui Kazuhiko
Published: August 2022

Protein phosphorylation plays a fundamental role in many cellular processes. Proteins are phosphorylated by kinases, which have been studied as drug targets for the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer. Because kinases have multiple roles in interconnected molecular pathways, their specific regulation is required to enhance beneficial and reduce adversarial effects of drugs. Using our previously developed platform, we measured phosphorylation profiles of MCF7 and K562 cells treated with 94 clinical drugs. These phosphorylation profiles can provide insights into pathway activities and biological functions. Here, we introduce Phosprof, a novel database of drug response based on phosphorylation activity. Phosprof is able to present up- or downregulated phosphorylated signature proteins on pathway maps, significant pathways on the hierarchal tree in signal transduction and commonly perturbed pathways affected by the selected drugs. It also serves as a useful web interface for new or known drug profile search based on their molecular similarity with the 94 drugs. Phosprof can be helpful for further investigation of drug responses in terms of phosphorylation by utilizing the various approved drugs whose target phenotypes are known.

Database URL

https://phosprof.medals.jp/
Speech-Language Pathologists’ Support for Parents of Young d/Deaf Multilingual Learners
Authors: van der Straten Waillet Pauline , Colin Cécile , Crowe Kathryn , Charlier Brigitte
Published: August 2022

Increasing cultural and linguistic diversity among children and families brings new challenges for early intervention professionals. The purpose of this study was to identify the specific roles and needs of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who practice in early intervention settings with culturally and linguistically diverse families of d/Deaf multilingual learners (DMLs). Thirteen SLPs completed an online survey about their practices and needs. Interviews were conducted with five parents of DMLs. Results showed that SLPs have lower self-satisfaction with families of DMLs compared to mainstream families. Parents were highly satisfied with the support they received. Both groups of participants reported a need for specific tools or adaptations, especially if there was no shared language. Thematic analysis identified three themes: communication and partnership, professional resources for responding to diversity, and diversity of parental profiles. This article provides an insight into the perspectives of both professionals and culturally and linguistically diverse parents, and identifies specific aspects of early intervention services with parents of DMLs: developing partnership in the context of cultural and/or linguistic differences, discussing topics related to multilingualism, and providing highly adaptable family-centered services.