bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the relationship between chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia, and dysglycemia: a prospective study
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Dutta Anirban , Kayet Arpita
Published: June 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in profound lipid disorders, which stem largely from dysregulation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Objectives were to evaluate the correlation between chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia and dysglycemia.
Methods: In-patient and outpatient department (OPD) of department of medicine, COM and JNM Hospital, Kalyani. Cases are defined as patients (>20 years of age) with a diagnosis of CKD (non-oedematous). The controls are defined as age and gender-matched patients (>20 years) attending medicine OPD/indoor without diagnosis of CKD.
Results: Among the CKD cases, 30 individuals were diagnosed as overtly diabetic, whereas in the control group, 22 participants had fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels equal to or exceeding 126 mg/dl. The mean FBS was 111 mg/dl (standard deviation (SD) 44 mg/dl) in the CKD group and 91 mg/dl (SD 31 mg/dl) in the control group. The difference in FBS levels between the CKD patients' group and the control group was statistically significant (p value=0.001).
Conclusions: Hyperglycaemia is also significantly associated with CKD in form of increased fasting blood sugar (47% among cases as compared to 30% in control) and increased post-prandial blood sugar (49% in cases as compared to 36% in controls). Dyslipidaemia occurs in CKD cases (39% among CKD cases and in 24% of controls) in the form of increased triglycerides (TG), LDL and low HDL.
Sonographic evaluation of thyroid nodule based on thyroid imaging reporting and data system classification and its correlation with fine needle aspiration cytology findings
Authors: Mandal Dipta , Mallik Rikta , Dey Sayantan , Y. Lama Kavyanjali
Published: June 2024

Background: Thyroid nodules, common clinical occurrences, often require diagnostic assessment. Ultrasonography (USG) is primary non-invasive method for detection, with advancing technology enhancing detection capabilities. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains standard but poses risks and expenses. American college of radiology-thyroid image reporting and data system (ACR-TIRADS), introduced in 2017, offers a systematic scoring system based on ultrasound features. This study aims to evaluate USG guided by ACR-TIRADS for accurate nodule classification.
Methods: A 1.5-year study at department of radio-diagnosis of BSMCH evaluated thyroid nodules using high-resolution USG based on ACR-TIRADS criteria, followed by FNAC for selected cases, comparing results for concordance.
Results: Out of 47 thyroid nodules evaluated, 19.1% were malignant and 80% benign. ACR-TIRADS demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 66.7%, 87.8%, and 82.9%, respectively. Higher ACR-TIRADS categories correlated with an increased risk of malignancy. Suspicious USG features such as hypo-echogenicity, taller-than-wide shape, lobulated margin, and punctate echogenic foci exhibited significant predictive value for malignancy, with varying levels of sensitivity and specificity. Overall, USG parameters demonstrated notable accuracy in identifying malignant nodules.
Conclusions: ACR-TIRADS 2017 reliably predicts thyroid nodule malignancy, reducing unnecessary FNAC procedures, minimizing patient discomfort, and optimizing healthcare resources.
Study of clinical profile of acute respiratory distress syndrome in pneumonia and outcome in intensive care unit
Authors: Deshmukh Aniket , Paritekar Anita
Published: June 2024

Background: ARDS is a progressive inflammatory lung injury in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Aspiration pneumonia and pneumonia are the most common cause of ARDS in direct lung injury whereas sepsis is the most common cause of ARDS in Indirect lung injury.
Methods: This was observational study conducted in Intensive care unit, Department of Medicine, CPR Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra for 6 months from 1 June to 30 November 2023 in 41 patients.
Results: Most common cause of ARDS secondary to pneumonia, in this study population is bacterial pneumonia, followed by viral and parasitic infections. Average day of hospital stay for bacterial pneumonia is 13 days and 11 and 10 days for viral and parasitic infections respectively. For bacterial pneumonia mortality was 36%, for viral pneumonia was 37% and parasitic pneumonia was 33.33%. Out of 41 patients,16 patients were in mild ARDS with the SOFA score range of 2 to 5 and 12 patients were in moderate ARDS with SOFA score range of 6 to 9 and 12 patients were in severe ARDS with SOFA score  range of 12 to 14.
Conclusions: With our study we would like to conclude that sofa score is a good predictor of mortality in c/o ARDS patients in ICU setting. Patients who had sofa score of equal or more than 9 and who were in the category of moderate to severe ARDS, had poorer outcomes and high mortality rate.
Breast self-examination: knowledge, awareness, and practices among females of reproductive age group
Authors: Choudhary Mamta , Mohanasundari Sekkulandai K. , Ara Meena
Published: June 2024

Background: Breast cancer occurs in an observable organ, thus awareness regarding its symptoms can help in its early detection and treatment. Although breast self-examination (BSE) is an old technique, evidence reveals many of females are not aware regarding this, and those with knowledge about breast cancer examination either fail to practice it or do so incorrectly.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional exploratory survey. 505 females attending outpatient department (OPD) at selected tertiary care hospital were recruited in the study using simple random sampling. Each participant was given a set of validated questionnaires to answer. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information regarding socio demographic data, knowledge, awareness, and practice regarding BSE. All data were coded, validated, and analyzed utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics techniques.
Results: The study revealed that the largest proportion (42.06%) of subjects fell within the age range of 20-30 years. Total mean score of knowledge and awareness regarding breast self-examination was 9.68±3.5. Maximum 58.42% of the subjects had average knowledge and awareness followed by 23.96% having good knowledge and awareness and least (17.62%) had poor knowledge and awareness regarding BSE. Almost half i.e., 50.49% (255) of participants reported to perform BSE and 49.51% of participants had never practiced BSE.
Conclusions: The study revealed that while participants had average knowledge levels, they showed low involvement in routine BSE. This underscores the need for educational interventions to promote BSE practices, identify risk factors and warning signs, and encourage early-stage management of breast cancer, ultimately contributing to primary prevention in healthcare.
Intestinal obstruction an uncommon complication of biliary ileus: a case report
Authors: Vidaurri Karla P. , Bojorquez Kimberly O. , Apolonio Abraham , Araujo Arsenio F.
Published: June 2024

Biliary ileus is a rare entity in our setting despite the high incidence of cholecystitis in the Mexican population. Currently, the treatment for those presenting with intestinal obstruction is surgical. Although there are many management options, it should be individualized according to the patient, symptoms, and their hemodynamic status. In this case report, we present an approach to management in a hemodynamically stable patient, who showed appropriate postoperative evolution.
Management of facial bacal cell carcinoma in rural hospital: a case report
Authors: Islami Egi G. , Putri Audina R. , Sakti Yuhantoro B. Handoyo
Published: June 2024

Basal cell carcinoma is usually a slow-growing tumor for which metastases are rare. Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer around 75-80%. We present the case of A 87-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of a reddish-brown nodule on the right side of her face. The complaint has been about 4 months, initially small in size as a mole but grew progressively to its current size. It is known that his daily work is as a farmer. However, one of the main problems of BCC is the cosmetic appearance, especially in the facial area.
Varicella bullosa a rare form of chickenpox in an immunocompromised child: a case study
Authors: Gor Nancy M. , Mevawala Hardik B. , Tanna Shalini S. , Ribadiya Fenilkumar N. , Potapchik Alexandra
Published: June 2024

The common human alpha herpesvirus known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes both varicella (chicken pox) and herpes zoster (shingles). The frequent paediatric illness varicella is characterized by fever, viremia, and sporadic vesicular skin lesions. The bullous onset of chickenpox, is a very uncommon symptom that typically affects children who are immunosuppressed. Modern methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have shed new light on this issue and strongly suggest that VZV can be involved in the development of bullae. Adequate prophylaxis and vaccination coverage help high-risk populations avoid complications. A7-year-old girl with polymorphic rash all over the body with comorbid diseases, diabetes mellitus type 1 and celiac disease. Past medical history stated suffering from COVID-19 infection. Physical examination revealed vesicular rashes of healing stages on various parts of the body with intense itching along with other symptoms of weakness, lethargy and lack of appetite. Based on the history, physical exam, and laboratory investigations, a definitive diagnosis of uncomplicated chickenpox, bullous form of moderate severity, was made. Treatment with saline infusion, iodinol, brilliant green solution, loratadine, acyclovir, amoklav, topical levofloxacin, and topical noxivin was initiated. The outcomes demonstrated that immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases and unvaccinated state of immunity might be the predisposing factors for development of bullous varicella. Inspite of its rarity, the disease have a good prognosis.
A rare prostatic tumour masquerading clinically as benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Kundargi Vinay S. , Patil Siddanagouda B. , Patil Santosh R. , Shukla Vikas
Published: June 2024

Prostatic tumours are usually benign. Malignant tumours are usually adenocarcinoma. Rare benign prostate tumours include inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours, which can be found in various body parts and are frequently identified in the lung or abdominal cavity of children and young adults. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours of the urinary tract present more often in kidneys. Prostatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours are sporadic and rare. Presenting 44 years old male with complaints of gross hematuria for 15 days with recurrent urine retention. Per rectal examination revealed, grade II prostate enlargement was firm in consistency. PSA was mildly raised (4.4 ng/ml). Ultrasound abdomen showed enlarged prostate (volume -40 cc) with irregular margins and heterogeneous echo texture showing increased flow on colour Doppler. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) showed a well-defined irregular heterogeneously echoic mass in the transitional zone, but TRUS biopsy showed no malignancy. After TURP, prostate chip examination showed inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumour of the prostate. Diﬀerentiation of inflammatory myofibroblastic prostate tumours from malignant tumours through imaging and laboratory tests is diﬃcult. A case of prostatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour observed after transurethral resection of the prostate to treat prostate hyperplasia in a 44-year-old man is presented in this report.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of nasal cavity and sinuses: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Urangia Pritom
Published: June 2024

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a benign non-neoplastic rare mass lesion clinically and radiologically simulating neoplasm thus generally requiring a biopsy to exclude malignancy. It occurs almost anywhere all over the body with most common locations being lungs and orbit with only 15% of it occurs in head and neck non-orbital region. Here we are described a case of 52-year-old female patient having bleeding from left nostril with swelling, redness of left side of nose and face, initially painless. Radiological imaging was highly suspicious of malignancy. HPE showed inflammatory lesions. The fungal culture report of nasal specimen was showing ‘no growth’. Blood examination was within normal limits; blood sugar levels was within normal limits. Systemic steroids were started which showed drastic improvements. Most of the IPTs in head and neck region shows a benign course, but cases related to paranasal sinuses seems to be of highly aggressive behaviour, with poor response to surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy; showing recurrences and fatal outcome. In such cases corticosteroid therapy generally shows good outcome. Tumors for which complete resection would result in morbidity may be treated with corticosteroids conservatively and close follow up. Understanding of natural history and pathophysiologic features of IPTs is helpful in differential diagnosis and may prevent unnecessary surgeries.
Pineal parenchymal tumour of intermediate differentiation: a rare case report
Authors: Rane Deoyani P. , Patil Ashwini Mane , Mulani Jaahid B. , Tanawade Prasad K. , Dhamne Nilesh A. , Pawar Suraj B.
Published: June 2024

Pineal parenchymal tumours are erratic, accounting for <1% of all primary central nervous system tumours. It was first categorised by the WHO in 2000 as a pineal parenchymal tumour with an intermediate prognosis between pineocytoma and pineoblastoma. We reported a case of 38-year-old gentle man presented with chief complaints of headache and vomiting since 1 day. MRI brain showed a relatively well defined lesion epicentered at posterior aspect of third ventricle, extending and blocking Aqueduct of Sylvius leading to upstream dilatation of both lateral and third ventricles with periventricular ooze was observed. Excision of lesion was performed, histopathological diagnosis of pineal parenchymal tumours of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) was made, which was further confirmed on IHC. PPTID are enormously erratic tumour, and restricted data are available concerning their pathologic features and biologic behaviours causing interruption in making proper diagnosis and deciding an optimal treatment approach.
Overlap of dengue fever and HELLP syndrome in pregnancy: a complex clinical encounter
Authors: Garg Hanish , Gupta Kabir , Harsh F. N. U. , Gohri Jay , Rathee Amrita
Published: June 2024

Dengue fever is an arboviral infection caused by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, common in tropical areas, especially in India. It is characterized by fever, fatigue, malaise, joint pain, retrobulbar pain, abdominal pain, and thrombocytopenia. It is often complicated by bleeding manifestations like petechiae, bleeding gums, and blood in vomitus. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome is usually a complication of preeclampsia in pregnancy (elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks of gestation) and is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. This is the case of a primigravida that presented at 32 weeks + 2 days of gestation with dengue fever in the background of HELLP syndrome. Significant overlap in the features of dengue fever and HELLP syndrome can lead to a delay in the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome and its management. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of HELLP syndrome in a dengue positive pregnant patient.
A rare case of obstructed lumbar hernia: case report
Authors: Rathod Ankit , Banerjee Divya Jyoti , Panchal Hemang , Mehta Urja
Published: June 2024

Lumbar hernias are quite uncommon as compared to other ventral abdominal wall hernias, accounting for less than 1.5% of all abdominal hernias, with fewer than 300 cases reported over the past 300 years. About 25% of all lumbar hernias have a traumatic etiology. This may be post-surgical or following blunt injuries associated with intra-abdominal injuries. The management of such patients constitutes a surgical challenge. Clinical diagnosis of this entity is difficult due to non-specific symptoms. The diagnosis is particularly elusive in obese individuals or in post-surgical patients. Though rare defects, lumbar hernias are prone to incarceration and strangulation. CECT will provide valuable insight into diagnosis of lumbar hernia especially if obstructed or strangulated. Here we present a case report of a rare presentation of obstructed lumbar hernia diagnosed with CT scan and managed with exploratory laparotomy.
Review on stroke induced depression
Authors: G. Ramya Balaprabha , P. Sri Vaishnavi , N. Krishna Sree , M. Harika Guptha , T. Rama Rao
Published: June 2024

One of the frequent and dangerous aftereffects of stroke is post-stroke depression (PSD). About one in three stroke survivors had depression following their stroke. It had a significant impact on functional recovery, which resulted in a low standard of living. Even worse, there is a clear correlation between it and a high death rate. Our goal in doing this evaluation was to come up with a thorough and cohesive knowledge of PSD based on both recently released research and well-known works. We discovered that the incidence of PSD varies from 11 to 41% within a two-year period, based on a significant number of researches. The severity of the stroke, the location of the lesion, past history of depression, and other factors all has a role in the development of PSD. The DSM criteria are currently the primary basis for diagnosing PSD, and they are often coupled with different depression scales. However, there isn't a single, cohesive process that explains PSD which now include aberrant neurotrophic response, elevated inflammatory markers, lowered monoamine levels, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Pharmacotherapy and psychosocial therapies are currently used in the treatment of PSD. Even though researchers have made significant progress, many problems still need to be solved. In particular, the PSD's mechanism is not entirely understood.
Tuberculosis: a narrative review on epidemiology, risks, implications, preventions and treatments
Authors: Okram Megharani , Singh O. Mukherjee
Published: June 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease that generally affects the pulmonary portion of the human body leading to severe coughing, fever and chest pain. It is caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which kills human beings each and every year globally more than the death toll of combined HIV and malaria. However, it is preventable, treatable, and curable. The world is suffering due to this dreaded disease with an approximate number of 11 million TB cases and 1.6 million deaths annually. Tuberculosis increases the public health attention because of its high mortality rates after HIV/AIDS. World Health Organisation (WHO) and Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC) are the leading organizations playing an important role to combat against TB by publishing proper health guidelines and treatments through reliable awareness campaigns whenever there is sudden outbreaks of TB, COVID-19 and related diseases. A wide range of research findings, clinical reports and new treatment methods like multi-drug therapy have been developed to combat TB. It is still necessary to develop new research and innovative ideas and proper implementations of the treatment and prevention guidelines of WHO and CCDC to fight against this fatal disease. In countries having higher increase of populations due to immunosuppressed chronic diseases like HIV, diabetes and pandemics like COVID-19, eradication of TB infection is a very difficult and challenging task. This mini review is based on the critical analyses of the data available from the official websites of WHO (Global Tuberculosis Report), CCDC, and search engines like Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and research findings of selected articles, textbooks were used as additional sources which are cited in the reference section.
High dose rate brachytherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a neglected practice
Authors: Natasha Laishram , Mahawar Rahul , Devi Ningthoujam D. , Singh Laishram J.
Published: June 2024

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) are one of the most chemo- and radio- sensitive cancers of the head and neck region. It differs from other head and neck cancers in terms of signs and symptoms, treatment response and overall survival. Surgery is not the preferred treatment option, with chemoradiation being the treatment of choice, with an excellent local control rate, prognosis and overall survival. But the management of recurrent NPC is quite challenging and the treatment options available includes re-irradiation, chemotherapy, brachytherapy or surgery in rare cases. Re-irradiation in case of recurrent NPC is very difficult due to the already irradiated tissue in the radiation path, but re-irradiation with brachytherapy is an excellent treatment option for giving further doses of radiation to the nasopharynx in cases of recurrence or residual disease, by taking in consideration the already irradiated area and the radiation dose given before, and achieving a good local control rate and overall survival.
Earth health and human health
Authors: Shah Ashutosh , Patel Mayur
Published: June 2024

Climate change is the greatest threat to global health in the twenty-first century. The World Health Organization (WHO) has cautiously estimated that between 2030 and 2050, climate change could potentially result in an additional 250,000 deaths annually.  There are three main ways that climate change impacts health - direct, impact mediated via ecosystem and institution mediated effect. These environmental health problems are putting extra pressure on, and eroding the capacity of, already stretched health care systems. The health sector must comprehend how climate change will affect the services it provides. It could benefit society as a whole and adjust to these climate changes. By investing in healthier buildings, going green, and implementing sustainable operations, the health sector can promote sustainability, greater health equity, and environmental health and meet the health and sustainability-related goals.
Conservative therapy and physiotherapy in children with toe walking: a systematic review
Authors: Besios Panagiotis , Kyriakatis Georgios M. , Besios Thomas
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this systematic review was to study all the randomized controlled trials on the effects of conservative treatment and physiotherapy programs on children with toe walking. A literature search was performed in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, SportDiscus, and ResearchGate. Toe-walking and toe walking were the keywords searched. Furthermore, explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, and the research selection procedure was carried out by two distinct reviewers. The physiotherapy evidence data-base (PEDro) scale was used to assess the quality of the final studies included in the systematic review. Out of the total of 2079 studies initially identified, 6 studies were finally included. The results showed that physiotherapy interventions and conservative therapy, such as botulinum toxin, ankle foot orthosis or foot orthosis and electric stimulation therapy can help reduce toe walking especially when these methods are combined with classic physiotherapeutic exercises and stretches. Conservative treatment and physiotherapy have positive effect on children who have toe walking symptoms. However, further research is needed in this area to determine the most effective treatment methods to reduce the symptoms of toe walking and find the best treatment to improve the daily lives of these patients, focusing on avoiding surgical procedures.
A review on transdermal drug delivery through patches
Authors: Srivastava Richa , Shaikh Naziya
Published: June 2024

A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) falls under the controlled drug delivery category, aiming to administer drugs through the skin at a predetermined and controlled rate. This approach presents numerous benefits, such as extended therapeutic impact, reduced adverse effects, increased bioavailability, enhanced patient adherence, and convenient discontinuation of medication. The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, plays a key role in controlling the transdermal penetration of most substances. Three main routes facilitate drug penetration: appendageal, transcellular, and intercellular. When administering drugs through this pathway, it is essential to consider diverse factors, including the age and condition of the skin, physicochemical properties, and environmental influences. Crucial elements of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) include a polymer matrix, membrane, drug, penetration enhancers, pressure-sensitive adhesives, backing laminates, and a release liner. Transdermal patches fall into categories such as reservoir systems, matrix systems, and micro- reservoir systems, all specifically engineered to introduce active ingredients into the circulatory system via the skin. A standardized approach is utilized to evaluate various aspects, including adhesion properties, in vitro drug release and stability. The purpose of reviewing the topic of transdermal drug delivery system through patches is to comprehensively evaluate the advancements, challenges, and potential applications of this innovative drug delivery method.
Place in therapy of topical amorolfine in the management of onychomycosis and tinea pedis: A survey to understand Indian dermatologists’ perspective
Authors: Jadhwar Sameer , Bag Goutam , Mubashir Syed , Sen Dyotona
Published: June 2024

Several lines of evidence show that conditions like onychomycosis and tinea pedis often tend to co-exist. While topical antifungal therapy remains the cornerstone for the management of these conditions individually, data is largely scarce on effective treatment options for coexisting cases of onychomycosis and tinea pedis.

A total of 218 healthcare professionals (dermatologists and cosmetologists) participated in the online survey on amorolfine 5% nail lacquer and 0.25% cream. Through the survey, the perspectives of these healthcare professionals (dermatologists and cosmetologists) on the management of onychomycosis tinea pedis coexistence, their views on amorolfine as a treatment option, and their patient experiences were recorded.

The healthcare professionals (dermatologists and cosmetologists) reported that more than 50% of the patients had recurrent onychomycosis and tinea pedis co-infection. Most patients (72.45%) were prescribed the amorolfine cream given the lower chances of resistance, and due to the synergistic effect it provides with oral antifungals. As for the amorolfine nail lacquer, good patient compliance, lower chances of infection relapse, and better penetration properties compelled healthcare professionals to prescribe the product to most patients (82.18%). Overall, good clinical and patient experiences were noted with amorolfine products.

This survey-based study helped us understand the healthcare professionals' take on the management of tinea pedis and onychomycosis co-infection and it revealed that amorolfine cream and nail lacquer were effective in reducing the key symptoms of tinea pedis and onychomycosis, including lesion clearance and discoloration reduction.
Leprosy patterns and challenges for a leprosy free India: A retrospective study
Authors: Achar Arun , Hakim Benazir , Bhunia Somnath , Dutta Oindrila , Sarkar Madhobendra Nath , Mallick Tanvi , Kundu Suman
Published: June 2024

: Leprosy, chronic infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a major public health concern in India. Though India has achieved elimination of leprosy, in 2005, as per WHO criteria, there has not been a general acceleration of downward trends in the new case detection rate (NCDR). Thus, acquiring knowledge of its epidemiological variations is essential for early new case detection and disease control.

Evaluating current demographic, clinico-epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in a Tertiary Care Hospital, West Bengal, and identifying gaps in rehabilitation counselling and follow up.

A retrospective study including 200 patients who have attended Dermatology Outdoor, during Oct, 2022 - Sep 2023.

Out of 200 patients, 112 were new cases and 88 were old, Male and female ratio was 3:2. Majority of cases were between (41-60) years, 10% comprising (10-14) years of age. Multibacillary leprosy contributes almost 60%, the most common type being BT Hansen (56%). Lepra reaction and deformity were seen around 30% &15% respectively. Around 4% of the patients, returned back as a case of relapse. Only 5% were being counselled for physical rehabilitation follow up.

It has been seen that the number of newly diagnosed patients, leprosy in younger age population, new cases with grade 2 deformity at the time of diagnosis are not in downgrading phase. On top of that, lack of proper counselling and education for rehabilitation, and relapse of the disease were also worrying. This is the time to act on a community based appropriate strategy to break the chain in transmission of leprosy. Last but not the least, to destigmatize the disease is the need of the hour. Thus, united, we can lead towards Leprosy Free India.
Evaluation of D-dimer levels as a marker of chronic refractory urticaria and its correlation with disease severity
Authors: Kaur Tejinder , Margam Nikita , Kaur Sukhraj
Published: June 2024

: Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is very well managed by second-generation antihistamines in the majority of the cases but in a certain subset of patients symptoms persist despite their use. A deeper dig into disease pathogenesis will open new treatment options and better patient management.

To evaluate D-Dimer as an anti-histaminic resistant chronic urticaria marker and its correlation with disease severity.

Forty chronic urticaria patients attending skin OPD were enrolled and divided into 2 groups of 20 patients each according to response to antihistamines. D-dimer levels were done in each patient.

Unpaired t-test was used for assessing two groups and Pearsons correlation coefficient was used to find correlation between D-Dimer levels and Urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS-7).Result- D-dimer levels were significantly higher in group 1(chronic refractory urticaria) as compared to group 2(chronic urticaria) and there is a positive correlation between D-dimer levels and urticaria activity score (UAS7).

Newer insights into alternative pathomechanism of chronic urticaria will open up new treatment options for treatment-resistant cases, this will lead to better patient management and improvement in quality of life.
Dermatoscope as a tool to determine the stability of vitiligo
Authors: Sindhuri Gumma , Karim Shefa , Patel Pooja , Nadkarni Nitin , Patil Sharmila , Godse Kiran
Published: June 2024

Vitiligo is characterised by depigmentation of the skin that occurs without any prior inflammation. In vitiligo, dermatoscopy acts as an auxiliary technique for confirming the diagnosis and also assists in the assessment of disease activity.

Present study was done to characterise the deratmoscopic characteristics of vitiligo and to assess the diagnostic utility of dermatoscopy in vitiligo patients.

It was cross-sectional observational study conducted over a period of eighteen months from July 2021 to December 2022 in Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy of tertiary care teaching hospital in Mumbai, India. 50 adults of either sex or age more than 18 years of age attending dermatology outpatient department with a clinical diagnosis of vitiligo constituted the study population.

Based on dermatoscopy, 36% of the lesions were unstable and rest 64% were stable. Perilesional and perifollicular hyperpigmentation was significantly associated with stability, while trichome border, satellite lesions and microkoebner phenomenon were found to be significantly associated with unstability of vitiligo.

Dermatoscopy is an excellent method for diagnosing vitiligo and assessing disease activity. Since the stability of vitiligo necessitates surgical intervention, dermatoscopic examination may be of great assistance in determining disease activity.
Application of yoga prana vidya (YPV) healing protocols in facial rejuvenation (FR) Treatment without cosmetics, medicines or surgical procedures: An evaluation of the outcomes of YPV FR interventions
Authors: Nanduri Venkata Satyanarayana , Neravetla Jayachander Reddy , Karnani Vishakha , Baliga Mohandas
Published: June 2024

Skin and Face Regeneration has always attracted human attention. Historically, a variety of methods have been used to stop or lessen the damaging effects of sun exposure or the aging process of the skin. Energy healing distinguishes facial rejuvenation (FR) utilising YPV system protocols as an art and science that is both safer and different from other forms of applications that mostly employ invasive techniques. This study aims to fill the gap in the limited literature on the application of energy healing for FR.

Three YPV FR workshops were conducted at different times in different locations, and samples of adult men and women, to examine and document the effects after conducting a single healing session using relevant YPV protocols. Data consisted of photographs taken before and after the intervention, and feedback from the participants.

An examination and analysis of the data from 33 participants of the three workshops reveals that noteworthy improvements were seen within 20 minutes of the trial/demonstration period of application of the YPV facial protocols at the demo, and subsequent 30-minute practice in which the participants applied the YPV facial healing protocol on each other in pairs. All participants experienced a glow on their faces at the end of the workshop.

Results from this study indicate that after a single session of YPV healing, there are noteworthy improvements in the face and limbs. The YPV system of Energy FR therapy interventions is extremely safe and has no known adverse effects. It has a lot of potential for lengthier interventions with multiple sessions spaced over several days to study the long-term and sustainability effects of YPV FR protocols.
Comprehensive evaluation of enzymatic proteolysis for amlyoid reduction in macular amyloidosis by in vitro, in vivo and in silico methods
Authors: Neve Vrushali , Bhalchim Vrushali , Karwa Pawan Nandkishor , Sabu Ajay , Runje Swapnil
Published: June 2024

Skin diseases represent a significant burden on global healthcare systems, with protein deposition playing a pivotal role in their pathogenesis, including conditions such as macular amyloidosis. This study aimed to assess the proteolytic activity of the enzyme Papain on deposited protein, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies.

Using a chicken model, the deposition of protein, a key component in skin diseases, was observed predominantly in the ileum. The dose in different concentrations was given to the ileum and observation was taken on alternative days.Dose of complex protein (albumin, beta lactalbumin, alpha-lactalbumin, Immunoglobulin 500mg/ml and 750mg /ml given respectively. Treatment with Papain demonstrated its ability to effectively break down the deposited protein. In invivo method the designated area of the animal's skin where the induction was occur to ensure proper application and observation were Shaved and cleaned. One vehicle control group, one disease group and one test group. The dosing was done by subcutaneous route. Dose of complex protein (albumin, beta lactalbumin, alpha-lactalbumin, Immunoglobulin) 500mg/ml and 750mg /ml were given . For Papaya Extract Dose of 500mg/ml and 750mg /ml were given to animals.

In cheken ilium 5days after dosing, length of patch were observed for five days. In wistar rat after 4days the rats seem to develop hyper pigmented patches which were brown in color in disease group. Then the groups of Animal were injected with papain by SC route. Daily interval observations were done. On the 4th day treatment spot becomes reduced and it disappeared slowly. In silico score observed upto -8 which indicate positive binding affinity.

These findings underscore the potential of Papain as a promising candidate for the management of protein-related skin disorders, highlighting the importance of enzymatic intervention in mitigating their pathological manifestations.
Contact-tracing outcomes among male syphilis patients at a tertiary care hospital in North Eastern India
Authors: Gogoi Puja , Das Debajit , Gupta Bhaskar
Published: June 2024

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) with a surge in its prevalence in recent times nationwide. Early detection, timely treatment, and preventive measures are key to managing and preventing the spread of the disease. Contact tracing is a critical public health practice used to control spread of STIs like syphilis.

This study compared the results of contact tracing between male syphilis patients who reported having sex with men (MSM), with women alone (MSWO), or with both.

A cross-sectional study where 100 male syphilis positive patients patients of age-groups 18-60 years, appearing Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Silchar Medical College with cutaneous manifestations were enrolled in study over 1 year from November 2023 to October 2024. A group of patients came with reactive VDRL & RPR report having history of exposure but no clinical signs were included as latent syphilis.

45 (45%) of the male patients in our study were between the ages of 21 and 30. Male patients reported engaging in sex with women only (MSWO) in 68 cases, sex with men (MSM) in 27 cases, and sex with both male and female partners in 5 cases. 189 (57.9%) of the 326 contacts had latent syphilis, 41 (12.5%) had secondary syphilis, and 96 (29.4%) had primary syphilis.

: Innovative, fresh methods are required to control syphilisCreating awareness regarding such manifestations and their probable association with sexual practices is also imperative.
Rings on palms! Clinicopathologic features of 10 cases of palmar granuloma annulare
Authors: Tirumalae Rajalakshmi , Ballal Sumedha , Nanaiah Ashitha , JP Pratibha , Jacob Mareen Ann
Published: June 2024

Palmar granuloma annulare is a rare subtype of granuloma annulare (GA). It can occur along with lesions of granuloma annulare elsewhere or in isolation. However, isolated lesions occurring over the palms possess a diagnostic dilemma because many other cases share similar clinical features.

Therefore, histology is essential to arrive at a correct diagnosis.

Often, palmar GA lesions may lack the characteristic histologic features of palisading granulomas but have an interstitial pattern of inflammation.

Hence it is imperative to be aware with all the morphologic variants of GA in order to make a reliable diagnosis.
Blaschko-linear manifestations in polygenic inflammatory disorders
Authors: J Raghul Kumar , Manipriya Rajan , V.N.S Ahamed Shariff , Vadivelu Sampath
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the intricate realm of Blaschko-linear dermatoses, initially described by Alfred Blaschko in 1901. The Blaschko lines forms V-shapes on the upper back, S-shapes on the abdomen, inverted U-shapes from the breast area to the upper arm, and perpendicular lines on the extremities. Blaschko’s lines are attributed to the widely accepted theory of embryonic mosaicism in epidermal cells.

In this study, the Blaschko-linear manifestations of polygenic inflammatory disorders (BLMMPD) in Indian population is analyzed. Despite various studies on individual linear dermatoses, few Indian studies have explored the correlation between different Blaschko-linear dermatoses and their dermoscopic and histopathological features.

The study, conducted from July 2023 to December 2023, includes 28 cases of Blaschko-linear dermatosis of diverse spectrum. Those with dermatosis along blood vessels, lymphatics, nerve trunk and following koebnerization were excluded. The demographic details, clinical manifestations and dermoscopic-histopathological characteristics were documented. In our case series, Lichen striatus and Linear Lichen planus (LP) were noted to be the most common among linear dermatosis, with a notable female predominance (Male: female ratio 0.75:1) and unilateral distribution (85.7%) on the extremities. Other conditions were linear psoriasis, verrucous epidermal nevus, epidermal nevus, hypomelanosis of Ito and Blaschko-linear acquired inflammatory skin eruption (BLAISE). The clinical-histopathological correlation manifested in 64.2% of cases, while dermoscopy exhibited an even higher correlation in 92.8% of cases. While the distribution pattern of linear dermatoses by itself serves as a valuable diagnostic clue, specific diagnosis can be achieved with more accuracy with the help of distinctive dermoscopic features and correlating them further with histopathological features.
Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of cariprazine hydrochloride in human plasma
Authors: Shelke Mohini , Godge Rahul , Sahane Tejas , Pawar Onkar , Kasar Sujata
Published: June 2024

Objective: The objective of the study is to create and validate the easy, dependable, accurate, sensitive, and selective RP-HPLC method for estimating Cariprazine HCl in human plasma. Methodology: The sample was prepared using the protein precipitation extraction method. The chromatographic separation was performed with an AGILENT C18 column (250mm x 4.6ID) as the stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of a 75:25 v/v solution of Methanol and 0.1% Orthophosphoric acid at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. The DAD detector was used to carry out the detection at 253 nm. Cariprazine HCl had a reduced retention duration of 2.46 minutes. Results & Discussion: The calibration curve had a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and was linear over the concentration range of 1–5µg/ml. The method's accuracy was shown at levels between 80%, 100%, and 120% of the specification limit. The developed method exhibited excellent precision, with interday precision ranging from 0.07% to 1.77% and intraday precision from 0.03% to 0.26%. It was discovered that the recovery of Cariprazine HCl was within the 98% range. Cariprazine HCl was discovered to have a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.053µg/ml, and the Limit of Quantification was found to be 0.160µg/ml. Conclusion: The solution was injected in duplicate, and the % RSD was measured. The results indicate that the proposed method can be effectively utilized for the routine analysis of Cariprazine HCl in human plasma. The forced degradation studies indicate that the drug is susceptible to Hydrolytic and Photolytic degradation
Development and validation of a QbD-based RP-HPLC method for vericiguat quantification
Authors: Mandhare Shubham , Godge Rahul , Vikhe Akshay , Talole Shubham
Published: June 2024

Aim: An RP-HPLC method for Vericiguat using the QbD approach was developed and validated by ICH guidelines. Method: The ICH (Q2R1) guidelines have been followed in the development and validation of an RP-HPLC technique by considering several validation parameters like linearity, precision, LOD, LOQ, and accuracy. The study was performed on Agilent Tech using the C18 column (4.6x250 mm; 5 µm) and Chemstation 10.1 software with statistical data analysis, and the detector used was UV (DAD). Results: The mobile phase used for separation was Methanol: 0.1% OPA in the ratio of (76:24) at room temperature, the flow rate was 0.8ml/min, and the wavelength was 331nm. The results indicated that the quantification limit was 0.7209 µg/ml, and the detection limit was 0.2379 µg/ml. Conclusion: The validation studies confirmed that the developed method is fast, accurate, precise, cost-effective, selective, and useful for routine analysis of vericiguat in tablet dosage forms.
Correlational study of Hyperbilirubinemia as a diagnostic predictor for perforation in acute appendicitis
Authors: Papanaidu Rishi , Chinta Priyanka
Published: June 2024

Background: Appendicitis is an acute and life-threatening situation if not treated promptly encountered in surgery practice. Even today, most cases of appendicitis are diagnosed by clinical findings and imaging. Scanty information is available to diagnose the perforation of the appendix using serological tests; hence, an attempt is made. The present study aimed to find out the correlation of hyperbilirubinemia as a diagnostic predictor for perforation in acute appendicitis patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted among patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis attending OPD of the general surgery department of Narayana Medical College Hospital. The duration of the study is between January 2023 and December 2023. A total of 400 patients with a diagnosis of either acute appendicitis or perforation were recruited into the study, and they collected blood samples for estimation of hyperbilirubinemia. Results: In the study population of 400 patients, 72 cases were diagnosed as appendicular perforation, and 328 patients had acute appendicitis. The cut-off value of hyperbilirubinemia was taken as serum bilirubin >1.0 mg/dl. Out of 72 cases of appendicular perforations, 64 patients have hyperbilirubinemia (89%), while in the acute appendicitis patients group, 82 of 328 patients have elevated serum bilirubin (25%). The observed mean values of serum bilirubin in the two groups were 1.74 and 0.89, and the difference in the standard error of the mean value of the two groups is statistically significant at a P-value of <0.001. Conclusions: Patients who presented with acute appendicitis symptoms and had serum bilirubin values >1.0 mg/dl had a higher probability of appendicular perforation. Hence, measuring serum bilirubin can be considered an additional diagnostic tool to existing clinical diagnosis and radiological evaluation for more precision in diagnosis.
The role of semi-artificial photosynthetic systems in energy and environmental solutions: a critical review
Authors: Zhao Shenggeng , Liu Qiang , Li Yeqing , Feng Lu , Fu Shanfei , Mazarji Mahmoud , Pan Junting
Published: June 2024

Creatively integrating synthetic materials (semiconductors and electrodes) and microorganisms, the semi-artificial photosynthetic system (SAPS) couples the advantages of natural photosystems (high catalytic reaction selectivity) and artificial photosystems (excellent light-harvesting performance). This combination effectively overcomes the shortcomings of poor selectivity in artificial photosystems, bringing new opportunities for developing photosynthetic systems. It also provides a promising strategy for addressing the current energy crisis and environmental pollution. The design and selection of synthetic materials play a crucial role in this system, aiming to achieve efficient photon capture and electron transfer. This review begins by exploring the fundamental principles of SAPS, emphasizing the integration of materials and microorganisms and the factors that influence their interactions. It provides a critical analysis of the diverse compositional arrangements and systematically elucidates the foundational research methodologies employed in the investigation of SAPS. Grounded in their distinctive redox characteristics, it comprehensively surveys their recent applications in environmental remediation and sustainable energy production over the past years. Finally, reflections on future research are proposed, beginning with the challenges that limit the application of SAPS. Building on previous studies, the present review identifies the factors that limit SAPS and suggests potential avenues for future research. Additionally, this review delves into the environmental and economic policies and practical implications. In conclusion, by critically assessing the existing research landscape, delineating challenges, and charting future research directions, the present review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, guiding efforts toward advancing SAPS for enhanced environmental sustainability and economic feasibility.