bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Você nos colocou na História": Uma História Social da prostituição brasileira nas décadas de 1980 e 1990
Authors: Araújo Beatriz Alvarenga Bonella de
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo estudar o estabelecimento do campo de uma História Social da prostituição estruturado no Brasil a partir das décadas de 1980 e 1990, tendo em vista a historiografia brasileira. Para isso, parte-se da produção bibliográfica e da trajetória acadêmica de quatro historiadoras brasileiras – Margareth Rago, Magali Engel, Cristiana Schetinni e Beatriz Kushnir -, considerando suas obras parte de um conjunto teórico que modificou a forma de compreender e estudar a prostituição na História. Em um primeiro momento, o objetivo é compreender a estruturação da História das mulheres, fenômeno conectado ao avanço do feminismo nas universidades, pois tal contexto é essencial para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas à temática feminina. Em seguida, passa-se à análise dos estudos históricos sobre prostituição durante os anos 1980 e 1990, buscando respostas sobre a natureza desse campo de estudo, suas fontes e por quais motivos ele é elaborado e merece o devido espaço na historiografia. Nesse sentido, os percursos realizados pelas pesquisadoras selecionadas são importantes não só pelo seu caráter historiográfico, mas também pela relevância de suas próprias trajetórias acadêmicas. Por fim, este artigo permitirá entender a mudança de paradigmas trazidos por essa História Social da prostituição, além de demonstrar os caminhos possíveis para se inserir grupos subalternos na narrativa acadêmica.
Tiradentes em Mont-Pèlerin: Neoliberalismo e memória da Inconfidência Mineira
Authors: Belém Gustavo de Castro
Published: June 2021

A Inconfidência Mineira de 1788-1789 ocupa um espaço significativo na memória coletiva nacional, e, como tal, está sujeita a apropriações por parte de toda sorte de agentes políticos de cada época. O neoliberalismo do século XXI não constituem exceção à regra. Assim, examinamos a mitologia inconfidente presente nas versões da sedição apresentadas por neoliberais, contrastando-a com as ideias de justiça tributária e liberdade próprias aos conspiradores setecentistas. Para tal, analisamos duas publicações do Partido Novo no Twitter e uma coluna de opinião na Folha de São Paulo. A narrativa da conspiração que se pode extrair dessas fontes é comparada à historiografia de referência sobre as Minas, especialmente Furtado (2002). Observamos que a reinterpretação neoliberal, anacrônica, projeta o antifiscalismo do presente no passado: é como se os inconfidentes considerassem opressiva a exigência do quinto régio e cogitassem o levante com o solitário intuito de aboli-lo. Perspectiva que deixa de reconhecer a Inconfidência como um movimento de caráter heterogêneo e ambíguo, marcado por visões díspares e igualmente tributário das Luzes e do Antigo Regime. Os sediciosos jamais estabeleceram os contornos de uma política fiscal, afinal. Ao mesmo tempo, a historiografia de referência demonstra que a quintagem do ouro correspondia ao que os mineiros consideravam como justo exercício das prerrogativas fiscais por parte da metrópole, assim como também não desejavam extinguir a referida taxa. Sua relação com a tributação não corresponde à transposição do antifiscalismo neoliberal do século XXI para o passado, mas, ao contrário, deve ser entendida em sua própria historicidade.
O fazer História pela memória na Península Ibérica dos séculos V e VI
Authors: Ferreira Julio Cesar Aquino Teles
Published: June 2021

A resenha trata sobre o fazer História, baseando-se na obra Escrever história e cultivar a memória cristã: sobre a cristianização da Península Ibérica nos séculos V e VI, em que Rossana Pinheiro-Jones trata de duas questões fundamentais para todo historiador e, por conseguinte, para toda historiografia: a escrita e a memória.
A multiplicidade da classe trabalhadora na práxis marxiana e sua atualidade
Authors: Menezes Maria Clara Lima de
Published: June 2021

A classe trabalhadora: de Marx ao nosso tempo é um livro do historiador social do Trabalho Marcelo Badaró Mattos, publicado em 2019, que busca realizar uma análise e reflexão a partir das obras de Karl Marx e suas concepções acerca da classe trabalhadora. Ainda, traz para a análise o debate entre várias vertentes da historiografia mundial e brasileira sobre o que seria essa classe trabalhadora e como ela se coloca na atualidade. Além do debate histórico e social sobre o tema, o autor também propõe uma análise quantitativa, a partir de dados estatísticos, pesquisas empíricas, entre outros, sobre as mudanças do mundo do trabalho (dos trabalhadores, da renda, da união de classe etc.) ocorridas nas últimas décadas. Dito isso, essa resenha se propõe a esquematizar minimamente o conceito de Marx e Engels de classe trabalhadora, a partir do livro de Mattos, e pensá-lo enquanto categoria teórica e prática, bem como sua atualidade.
As Cotas Raciais na Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, Brasil: análise da implementação da política pública
Authors: Cordeiro Renata Lira , Amaro Ana Carolina Inamine
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo disponibilizar uma discussão sobre a ação afirmativa de cotas raciais para ingresso de servidores e servidoras na Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo - PMSP. Isto posto, primeiramente discutiremos alguns conceitos éticos que estabelecem relações com os aspectos da formulação da política pública na incumbência de uma sociedade justa e democrática. Em outro momento, definiremos os principais pontos da política analisada por meio dos textos da lei, decretos e governos, assim como o seu histórico e momento político. Em uma pesquisa ativa com dados de perfil de raça e gênero dos cargos do quadro de servidores e servidoras, e em entrevista com o legislador Vereador Reis e o analista de políticas públicas Lucas Ambrózio, pretendemos estabelecer uma base para explorar os possíveis impactos da política pública estudada.
Reports of Cubiceps baxteri McCulloch 1923 from Indian Ocean are probably misidentifications of Cubiceps whiteleggii (Waite 1894)
Authors: VIJI V. , HARISH K.C. , KURUP B. MADHUSOODANA
Published: June 2021

Cubiceps baxteri McCulloch 1923 was described based on a single, imperfect (devoid of a tail) stranded specimen collected from a beach in Lord Howe Island, Tasman Sea. Though C. baxteri was reported as a widely distributed tropical species (Butler 1979), it was mainly a result of its incorrect identification (see Agafonova 1994; Stewart and Last 2015). The distribution of C. baxteri is reported to be restricted to the Pacific Ocean, from Japan and eastwards to Baja California (Mexico), southwards to the Hawaiian Islands, New South Wales (Australia), and Lord Howe Island (Tasman Sea) to the Southern parts of Chile (Eschmeyer et al. 2017; Mundy 2005; Agafonova 1994).
Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species
Authors: RAMOS-PASTRANA YARDANY , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO
Published: June 2021

Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939 has a cosmopolitan distribution and is a genus well studied in general in the Neotropical Region. However, in Colombia only three species were recorded. Two new species of Tomosvaryella are described from protected areas and from conflict territories of limited access in Colombia, namely: Tomosvaryella macarenensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Serrania Macarena, Meta) and T. martae sp. nov. (type-locality: San Vicente del Caguan, Caquetá). The female of T. tuberculata Hardy, 1948 is described. Tomosvaryella similis (Hough, 1899) is new to South America (Colombia) and T. galapagensis (Curran, 1934), T. lynchi (Shannon, 1927), T. mexicanensis Ale-Rocha & Rafael, 1995, T. similis, T. tuberculata and T. venezuelana Ale-Rocha, 1993 are reported for the first time in Colombia. Illustrations and a dichotomic key to Colombian species of Tomosvaryella are presented. Furthermore, the diagnosis of all species recorded in Colombia are amended. The Tomosvaryella fauna is increased from three to 11 species in Colombia.
A comparative study of left ventricular function during pregnancy without and with gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Meng Xue , Long Jing , Pan Yong , Wu Jianhong , Tan Miduo , Pan Juan
Published: June 2021

The use of nanoscale ultrasonic contrast agent greatly improved the reliability of ultrasonic technology detection, and it became an effective tool to detect a series of diseases. Gestational hypertension and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are unique and common complications during
pregnancy, and they seriously affect women’s postnatal health. In this study, we evaluated the practical value of echocardiogram in evaluating Left Ventricular (LV) morphology and function changes during pregnancy with gestational hypertension and GDM. 46 pregnant women with gestational
hypertension and GDM as disease group and 50 healthy pregnant women as normal group were included in the study. By echocardiogram analysis, the morphology, systole and diastole functions of LV were compared in both groups. With LV morphology change during pregnancy, LA volume (P = 0.011) of
disease group was bigger than that of normal group and LV mass (P < 0.0001) and LVMi (P < 0.0001) of disease group were higher than that of normal group. However, the LVPWd (P < 0.0001) and IVSd (P < 0.0001) of disease group thickened clearly relative to that of the normal group.
However, these values, including LVIDd (P = 0.185), EF value (P = 0.779), FS value (P = 0.740) and Cardiac Index (P = 0.444) for their cardiac LV systolic functions of two groups, had very few large-scale differences. Compared to normal pregnant cardiac, the E value (P = 0.014) was lower and
the A value (P < 0.0001) was higher in the disease group. Moreover, E/A ratio (P < 0.0001) was obviously less than that in the experimental. According to TDI measures for both groups, the E’ value (P < 0.0001) and ratio of E/A’ (P < 0.0001) were lower and A’ value
(P = 0.003) was slightly higher in the disease group compared with normal group. In recent years, we found that the E/E’ value (P = 0.0002) in the disease group was also higher. In summary, LV diastolic function during pregnancy with complications changes pregnant LV morphology and function.
Echocardiogram can be used for testing and monitoring these changes as one of simple and reliable inspection methods.
Polylactic acid block copolymer grafted temozolomide targeted nano delivery in the treatment of glioma
Authors: Wang Maokai , Kuang Rongyan , Huang Baoqing , Ji Defeng
Published: June 2021

Gliomas are tumors of the central nervous system; they can be invasive and are commonly treated by surgical resection, chemo, and radiotherapy. Removal of a glioma is dangerous and not always successful. Temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapy drug for gliomas, inhibit tumor
recurrence, and metastasis to some extent. TMZ is often accompanied by side effects such as anemia, fever, constipation, and more. Here using a double-targeted Kunitz domain Angiopep-2 (ANG) modified block copolymer poly(lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol (PEG-PLA) coated with TMZ, we constructed
a nano-delivery system (ANG@PLA-PEG/TMZ) that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to treat gliomas.
Overweight/obesity in students associated with short sleep duration which can be improved by nanocapsules
Authors: Li Guobo , Zheng Fuhao , Xu Xingyan , Cai Yingying , Wei Shichao , Wu Siying
Published: June 2021

This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of short sleep duration in adolescents from middle school in Fuzhou, China and explore the association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity. Nano-encapsulated vitamin D3 can improve sleep deprivation, thus
reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. A total of 13063 students (male: 6,500; female: 6,553) from 18 schools were investigated in the study. Questionnaires focusing on short sleep duration and overweight or obesity related factors were collected. The subjects reported their own
sleep duration. The body weight and height of each subject were measured by the qualified personnel. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of short sleep duration on overweight/obesity in school students. The rates of overweight and obesity were 12.1% and 7.1%, respectively.
The prevalence of short sleep duration among teenagers was 82.8%. The majority of high school students (92.5%) suffered from short sleep duration. Compared with male children with a sleep duration of 8-10 h per day, the odds ratios (95% Cl) of overweight/obesity for those with a sleep duration
of less than 6 h or 6-8 h, were 1.63 (1.25-2.13) and 1.06 (0.88-1.27), respectively, after adjusting social and demographic status, mental health and lifestyle factors, while for female children, the odds ratios were 1.38 (0.99-1.93) and 1.04 (0.79-1.35), respectively. A large number of adolescents
suffered from short sleep duration. Short sleep duration is associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity in male children.
Survey Data Quality in Analyzing Harmonized Indicators of Protest Behavior: A Survey Data Recycling Approach
Authors: Slomczynski Kazimierz M. , Tomescu-Dubrow Irina , Wysmulek Ilona
Published: June 2021

This article proposes a new approach to analyze protest participation measured in surveys of uneven quality. Because single international survey projects cover only a fraction of the world’s nations in specific periods, researchers increasingly turn to ex-post harmonization of different survey data sets not a priori designed as comparable. However, very few scholars systematically examine the impact of the survey data quality on substantive results. We argue that the variation in source data, especially deviations from standards of survey documentation, data processing, and computer files—proposed by methodologists of Total Survey Error, Survey Quality Monitoring, and Fitness for Intended Use—is important for analyzing protest behavior. In particular, we apply the Survey Data Recycling framework to investigate the extent to which indicators of attending demonstrations and signing petitions in 1,184 national survey projects are associated with measures of data quality, controlling for variability in the questionnaire items. We demonstrate that the null hypothesis of no impact of measures of survey quality on indicators of protest participation must be rejected. Measures of survey documentation, data processing, and computer records, taken together, explain over 5% of the intersurvey variance in the proportions of the populations attending demonstrations or signing petitions.
Detection and Identification of Wolbachia pipientis Strains in Mosquito Eggs Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Christensen Dale , Khoshmanesh Aazam , Perez-Guaita David , Iturbe-Ormaetxe Inaki , O’Neill Scott , Wood Bayden R.
Published: June 2021

The global fight against mosquito-borne viral diseases has in recent years been bolstered by the introduction of the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia to vector populations, which in host mosquitoes suppresses the transmissibility of several viruses. Researchers engaged on this front of the battle often need to know the Wolbachia infection status of individual mosquitoes, as the intervention progresses and the mosquitoes become established in the target population. Previously, we successfully applied attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to the detection of Wolbachia in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes; here we apply the same principles to Aedes eggs, with sensitivity and selectivity > 0.95. Further, we successfully distinguish between infections in eggs of the wMel and wMelPop strains of Wolbachia pipientis, with a classification error of 3% . The disruption of host lipid profile by Wolbachia is found to be a key driver in spectral differences between these sample classes.
Exploring Leadership in the Frame of Prescriptions and Systemic Expectations: A Case of Government Boys Secondary School in Delhi
Authors: Arora Jyoti , Awasthi Kashyapi
Published: June 2021

The words autonomy, power and leadership have always been debated, especially when it comes to government setup where roles and responsibilities largely are top-down. The article explores leadership practices and autonomy exercised by the school leader within the frame of prescribed roles and responsibilities and accountability structures. The study is a case of Government Secondary School in Delhi, India, and follows a qualitative research design. Document analysis for studying the prescribed roles, and ‘shadowing of principal’ to understand the practiced roles, were the key aspects of research design. The article takes a dig at the prescribed roles and responsibilities that limit the school leader to being an administrative head. It further makes a case wherein the school leader, through the creative use of leadership agency, redefines school leadership as an action to influence quality of teaching–learning at school rather than a bureaucratised position that manages the day-to-day affairs.
Recentralizing Industrial Relations? Local Unions and the Politics of Insourcing in Three North American Automakers
Authors: Dupuis Mathieu , Greer Ian
Published: June 2021

Since the auto industry’s 2008 crisis, the decades-long trend toward outsourcing by the Detroit Three automakers has stalled. During and after the crisis, original equipment manufacturers moved work inside their corporate boundaries, including the purchase of eight previously spun-off parts plants. Why has this happened? Drawing on 77 interviews in the United States and Canada and 27 insourcing cases, the authors explore how and why insourcing has taken place. Past literature has considered the costs and benefits of creating the vertically integrated corporation, the managerial politics behind vertical disintegration, and the labor–management relations that shape both. While much industrial relations scholarship points to decentralized plant-level partnerships as a union strategy to win investment, the authors find that local unionists are intervening in the politics of the corporation above the plant level to influence the purchasing, manufacturing, and engineering functions that determine the sourcing decision.
Contextual and Cultural Differences in Positive Thinking
Authors: Ji Li-Jun , Vaughan-Johnston Thomas I. , Zhang Zhiyong , Jacobson Jill A. , Zhang Ning , Huang Xiaoye
Published: June 2021

Past research suggests that East Asians engage in less positive thinking than Westerners, but cultural differences in positive thinking may depend on context. The present research investigates how culture and context may interactively influence positive thinking. In Studies 1 ( N = 287) and 2 ( N = 245), participants read hypothetical positive or negative events, and indicated their endorsement of responses to each event that reflected positive versus negative thinking. Chinese more often than Euro-Canadians endorsed relatively negative thinking in response to positive events and relatively positive thinking in response to negative events. In Study 3 ( N = 573), Chinese (versus Euro-Canadians) generated more negative outcomes for positive events and more positive outcomes for negative events. These effects were mediated by lay theory of change, a belief that events change over time nonlinearly. The findings use diverse measurement approaches to highlight the importance of examining positive thinking in context across cultures.
Prosodic Prominence – A Cross-Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Grice Martine , Kügler Frank
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the contributions of signal-driven and expectation-driven mechanisms to a general understanding of the phenomenon of prosodic prominence from a cross-linguistic perspective. It serves as an introduction to the concept of prosodic prominence and discusses the eight papers in the Special Issue, which cover a genetically diverse range of languages. These include Djambarrpuyŋu (an Australian Pama-Nyungan language), Samoan (an Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian language), the Indo-European languages English (Germanic), French (Romance), and Russian (Slavic), Korean (Koreanic), Medumba (Bantu), and two Sino-Tibetan languages, Mandarin and Taiwanese Southern Min.
Historicizing White Supremacist Terrorism with Ida B. Wells
Authors: Erlenbusch-Anderson Verena
Published: June 2021

In light of increasing white supremacist violence in the United States, calls to identify such violence as terrorism have surged in public discourse. Federal and state agencies have taken up these demands and included white supremacy in counterterrorism and national security policy. While this classification appears to remove the racist double standard in applications of the terrorism label, it has come under criticism for obscuring the history and distinctly U.S. American roots of white supremacy, on the one hand, and expanding the harmful and typically racially coercive consequences of U.S. counterterrorism, on the other hand. There is, however, a robust yet neglected tradition in U.S. racial justice activism that uses the language of terrorism to make sense of white supremacy. By examining this tradition, this essay offers a more nuanced assessment of the dangers and possibilities of classifying white supremacy as terrorism. Specifically, I look at Ida B. Wells’s analysis of lynching as racial terrorism to recover an alternative narrative of white supremacist terrorism. I argue that the understanding of white supremacy as terrorism in her writings not only exposes the partisan use of these terms and their complicity in constructing a narrowly circumscribed and biased public knowledge about racial domination, but also reveals some mistaken assumptions of the current debate. This essay thus sheds new light on a neglected discourse of white supremacist terrorism and makes it relevant for contemporary purposes.
Synergistic activities of binary accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as a cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber
Authors: Alam Md Najib , Kumar Vineet , Potiyaraj Pranut , Lee Dong-Joo , Choi Jungwook
Published: June 2021

We describe the synergistic activities of binary vulcanizing accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber. Thiuram type tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) and thiocarbamate type zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC) accelerators in combination with dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) were investigated for the vulcanization of rubber. The cure, mechanical, and thermal properties of rubber vulcanizates were studied with magnesium oxide-based cure activator. Notable synergism in the delta torque, cross-link density, and mechanical properties was found when using binary accelerators with magnesium oxide. The zinc-containing thiocarbamate accelerator, ZDMC, showed better synergistic activity in presence of magnesium oxide than the non-zinc-based thiuram accelerator, TMTD. To find out the possibility of making a zinc-oxide-free natural rubber compound, a control compound was prepared with 5 phr of zinc oxide as a cure activator with the best evaluated binary accelerators system with magnesium oxide (3:6 millimolar ratio of ZDMC to MBTS). We also compared the curing and mechanical properties of carbon black-reinforced rubber with zinc oxide and magnesium oxide separately with this binary accelerators system. The results indicated that a completely zinc-oxide-free natural rubber compound was possible with comparable values in the mechanical properties, thermal properties and a higher rate of vulcanization.
Professional Socialization During Restructuring: A Study of Workload and Career Time
Authors: Nilsson Joel , Österberg Johan
Published: June 2021

This article examines the experiences of newly graduated officers and specialist officers, as they recently entered employment in the Swedish Armed Forces. Building on 35 interviews, this article illustrates the dynamics of excessive workload and an unstructured working environment, and how embedded strategies for mentoring and guidance can reduce negative outcomes associated with the workload. The article introduces the concept of career time, reflecting the participant’s propensity to perform unpaid work to pursue a career in the organization. This study reveals tensions between organizational and employee interests, and experiences of exclusion from the officer profession, contextualized drawing on classical theorists Foucault and Habermas. When restructuring organizations, the quest for efficiency can outweigh professional values, such as esprit de corps and taking pride in work and professional identity.
Schwannoma of the Supraglottis
Authors: Gupta Reena , Azhdam Ariel M. , Borrelli Michela
Published: June 2021

Hoarseness lasting greater than 2 weeks should be thoroughly evaluated. Here, a case is presented of a 38-year-old female with a 10-year history of dysphonia. Endoscopic examination confirmed the presence of a supraglottic mass, for which operative biopsy and imaging were performed. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of supraglottic schwannoma. This was excised endoscopically with close management postoperatively to monitor for rapid recurrence and airway compromise. At one month postoperatively, the patient is still mildly dysphonic but vocally improved and the operative site continues to heal well.
Japanese scandals and their production
Authors: Prusa Igor
Published: June 2021

This treatise conflates cultural sociology, media theory, and Japanese philology in order to better understand the way media scandals are produced in contemporary Japan. In cultural sociology, scandal is understood as a social performance between ritual and strategy. In my previous research I focused on the ritual aspect, analyzing Japanese scandals as dramatic public performances of confession, exclusion, and reintegration. In this treatise, I focus on the strategy aspect, approaching scandals as symbolic products of media routines and journalistic practices. The former part of this treatise examines how the actor-network of power circles co-defines the way scandals emerge and unfold in Japan. The latter part focuses on the role of Japanese media organizations in the process of transforming leaks into scandals.
Adult attachment and engagement with fictional characters
Authors: Rain Marina , Mar Raymond A.
Published: June 2021

Adult attachment influences how people engage with stories, in terms of how immersed or transported they become into these narratives and the tendency to form close bonds with characters. This likely stems from the ability of stories and story characters to provide interpersonal intimacy without the threat of rejection. In Study 1, we expand on this work to examine how attachment relates to two previously uninvestigated aspects of character engagement: character identification and parasocial interactions. Taking a statistically conservative approach, controlling for broader traits, we demonstrate that the attachment dimensions of anxiety and avoidance differentially predict these forms of character engagement. A high-powered, pre-registered, Study 2 follows up on these results by examining the types of characters that are most appealing, based on one’s attachment orientation. Together, these studies demonstrate that attachment plays an essential role in both how we engage with characters and the types of characters to whom we are attracted.
Novel strategy for improved outcomes of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation as a treatment for refractory post cardiotomy cardiogenic shock in the current era: a refreshing new perspective
Authors: Mahesh Balakrishnan , Williams Luke , Punjabi Prakash P , Katsaridis Sotirios
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock is an infrequent but important cause of death following cardiac surgery. Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation offers the opportunity for temporary cardiovascular support and myocardial rest, with a view to recovery. We examine our results with our recently-implemented management algorithm.

Methods:

We report our series of 15 consecutive patients out of 357 patients [4.2%] who required institution of veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation system support as treatment for Post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock in the current era [January-2017 to January-2020].

Results:

The mean age was 64.3 ± 11.6 years (range: 40–82 years); there were 13 males (86.7%). Duration of veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation support was 6.7 ± 1.9 days. Duration of stay on intensive care unit [ICU] was 18.9 ± 17.1 days. Duration of hospital-stay was 28.3 ± 20.8 days. Survival to discharge and at 2.2 ± 0.9 years was 67%.

Conclusions:

We have shown clearly that veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation is an important rescue option for patients who develop refractory post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock, with improved survival of 67% at 2.2 ± 0.9 years in those placed on post-cardiotomy veno-arterial extra corporeal membrane oxygenation support, which is superior to that reported hitherto in literature. We have sought to highlight the successes of post cardiotomy veno-arterial extra corporeal membrane oxygenation support, with improved results, based on careful patient selection, as well as diligent management of these critically-ill patients in the postoperative period, prior to establishment of irreversible end-organ dysfunction. Our strategy has also helped us rationalize and optimize the use of this expensive treatment modality.
MRI findings of ischiofemoral impingement after total hip arthroplasty are associated with increased femoral antetorsion
Authors: Fischer Tim , Stern Christoph , Fritz Benjamin , Zingg Patrick O , Pfirrmann Christian WA , Sutter Reto
Published: June 2021

Background

Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is a known complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Purpose

To assess if increased postoperative (FA) is associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of IFI.

Material and Methods

In 221 patients with THA, two independent readers measured FA, ischiofemoral space (IFS), quadratus femoris space (QFS), edema, and fatty infiltration of quadratus femoris muscle. Three sets of IFI-imaging features were defined: acute IFI (set 1): IFS ≤15 mm or QFS ≤10 mm and edema in the quadratus femoris muscle; chronic IFI (set 2): IFS ≤15 mm or QFS ≤10 mm and fatty infiltration of quadratus femoris muscle Goutallier grade ≥2; acute and chronic IFI (set 3) with both criteria applicable. For each set, FA angles were compared between positive findings of IFI and negative findings of IFI. The t-test for independent samples tested statistical significance.

Results

In 7.2% (16/221) of patients, findings of IFI (IFS ≤15 mm or QFS ≤10 mm and edema, n = 1; fatty infiltration, n = 9; or both, n = 6) were observed. In women, 11.4% (14/123) exhibited findings of IFI compared to 2.0% (2/98) in men. Comparison in set 1 (n = 7): mean antetorsion of 23.9° ± 9.8° (findings of acute IFI) compared to 14.4° ± 9.7° ( P = 0.01). Comparison in set 2 (n = 15): mean antetorsion of 16.2° ± 6.3° (findings of chronic IFI) compared to 14.5° ± 9.9° ( P = 0.49). Comparison in set 3 (n = 6): mean antetorsion of 20.4° ± 3.8° (findings of acute and chronic IFI) compared to 14.5° ± 9.9° ( P = 0.01).

Conclusion

After THA, high postoperative FA is associated with MRI findings of acute as well as acute and chronic IFI. Findings of IFI were commonly seen in women.
Treatment Evaluation in Forensic Psychiatry. Which One Should Be Used: The Clinical Judgment or the Instrument-based Assessment of Change?
Authors: Schuringa Erwin , Spreen Marinus , Bogaerts Stefan
Published: June 2021

In forensic psychiatry, it is common practice to use an unstructured clinical judgment for treatment evaluation. From risk assessment studies, it is known that the unstructured clinical judgment is unreliable and the use of instruments is recommended. This paper aims to explore the clinical judgment of change compared to the calculated change using the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation (IFTE) in relation to changes in inpatient violence This study shows that the clinical judgment is much more positive about patient’s behavioral changes than the calculated change. And that the calculated change is more in accordance with the change in the occurrence of inpatient violence, suggesting that the calculated change reflects reality closer than the unstructured clinical judgment. Therefore, it is advisable to use the IFTE as a base to make a structured professional judgment of the treatment evaluation of a forensic psychiatric patient.
Formerly Detained Adolescents’ Narratives: On the Interplay between Quality of Life and Desistance
Authors: Van Hecke Nele , Meulewaeter Florien , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Van Damme Lore , Naert Jan , Rowaert Sara , Vandevelde Stijn
Published: June 2021

In recent years, a growing trend to consider strengths and protective factors in studies on desistance from crime has emerged. The present study explores three formerly detained adolescents’ narratives, aiming to tease out how Quality of Life (QoL) and desistance interact in pathways towards a “better life.” The narratives suggest that the journey towards a better life is highly individual, and may unfold via multiple pathways characterized by an ambivalent relationship between QoL and desistance. Alongside the importance of individual aspects and social support, societal barriers and opportunities play a significant role in creating new chances to re-build a life and prosocial identities. This reflects earlier findings that desistance is not an individual responsibility. It is essential to support young people to overcome societal barriers that impede participation in society and living a good life. This research adds to growing evidence of strengths-based approaches to rehabilitation, such as the Good Lives Model (GLM).
Defining financial reforms in the 19th-century capitalist world-economy: The Ottoman case (1838–1914)
Authors: Conte Giampaolo
Published: June 2021

Capitalist-style reforms were an important factor in the economic and social evolution of the Late Ottoman Empire. This research investigates how foreign governments and financiers, and especially Britain, influenced these various financial reforms implemented in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. The chief purpose of such reforms was to integrate the Empire into the capitalist world-economy by imposing, both directly and indirectly, the adoption of rules, institutions, attitudes and procedures amenable to exploitation on the part of foreign and also local capitalists. Drawing on primary sources, mainly from the United Kingdom’s National Archives, the article argues that foreign pressure for financial reforms was instrumental in the Empire’s economic subjection to the rules and norms that regulated the capitalist world-economy, most notably in the field of public finance, banking and the monetary sector. It takes a long-term view and largely adheres to the scholarly evolution of Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony and world-systems theory and methodology developed by Fernand Braudel, Immanuel Wallerstein and Giovanni Arrighi, adopting a multidisciplinary and macro-scale perspective. Special attention is paid to the correlation between secondary and primary sources in support of empirical evidence. More broadly, this research contributes to the literature on the capitalist world-economy and brings a set of theoretical frameworks to bear on defining the role of financial reforms induced mainly by Britain in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries.
Exploratory Study of Flexural Performance of Mechanically Recycled Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Shreds as Reinforcement in Cement Mortar
Authors: Haider Md Mostofa , Nassiri Somayeh , Englund Karl , Li Hui , Chen Zhen
Published: June 2021

Millions of tons of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) waste have been steadily generated from end-of-life wind turbine blades and many other GFRP composites prevalent in everyday life, with limited reuse options. Recycled GFRP (rGFRP) by mechanical processing could be used in mortar and concrete as fibers or fillers. Maintaining the composite nature of rGFRP with a high fiber content is paramount to increased mechanical properties for concrete. In this study, high-modulus rGFRP particles were produced in three small, medium, and large relative sizes by hammer milling and screening. Small and medium rGFRPs were used in 1, 2, 3%, and large rGFRP in 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7% volume replacing sand in mortar. Almost all rGFRP-mortars showed significant improvement in flexural strength with their high modulus. All size groups of rGFRP progressively showed higher fracture toughness at higher amounts. Within the large group, 5 and 7%Vol had flexural toughness of about 2.00J compared with 0.75J of 3%Vol. Large rGFRP at 5 and 7%Vol offered nearly 60% and 70% 28 day equivalent flexural ratio. Micrographs of rGFRP–matrix interfaces from fracture faces showed rGFRP was well embedded within the matrix, provided bridging and deflecting of microcracks, and failed in pullout or rupture modes. Fly ash and silica fume had a positive synergy with 3%Vol large rGFRP and improved its flexural toughness from 0.75J to 1.12 and 1.00J, respectively. The investigated recycling process and sizes of rGFRP shreds showed great promise in this exploratory study and are recommended for further evaluation for highway and bridge concrete.
Driver Response to a Dynamic Speed Feedback Sign on Freeway Exit Ramps Based on Sign Location, Interchange Type, and Time of Day
Authors: Mahmud Md Shakir , Motz Matthew , Holpuch Travis , Hankin Jordan , Ingle Anthony J. , Gates Timothy J. , Savolainen Peter T.
Published: June 2021

A series of field evaluations was performed at three freeway interchange ramps in Michigan that possessed significant horizontal curvature to assess the impacts of a dynamic speed feedback sign (DSFS) on driver speed selection and brake response while approaching and entering the ramp curve. A DSFS with a 15 in. full-matrix display was temporarily installed at each of the three exit ramp locations. The sign was programmed to display the same feedback message at each location, which included the speed number for all approaching vehicles, which alternated with a “Slow Down” message for vehicles approaching above 40 mph. The effectiveness of the feedback sign was tested across various sign locations (at the point of curvature versus 350 ft upstream), interchange types (system versus service), time of day (peak versus off-peak), light conditions (daylight versus darkness), and vehicle types (passenger vehicles versus trucks). Compared with the pre-DSFS site condition, the DSFS reduced curve entry speeds and improved brake response at two of the three ramp locations. In general, the greatest beneficial effects on driver behavior were achieved when the DSFS was positioned at the point of curvature, during which curve entry speeds were reduced by approximately 2 mph. These findings were consistent between the system interchanges and service interchanges, and across all vehicle types. The DSFS was also found to be most effective during daytime off-peak periods compared with peak periods and at night. Further evaluation of DSFS at additional ramp locations, and considering an expanded set of conditions, is recommended.
Arthroscopic Versus Open Anterior Shoulder Stabilization: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial With 15-Year Follow-up With an Assessment of the Glenoid Being “On-Track” and “Off-Track” as a Predictor of Failure
Authors: Bottoni Craig R. , Johnson John D. , Zhou Liang , Raybin Sarah G. , Shaha James S. , Cruz Christian A. , Lindell Kenneth K. , Thoma David C.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Recent studies have demonstrated equivalent short-term results when comparing arthroscopic versus open anterior shoulder stabilization. However, none have evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes of patients after arthroscopic or open anterior shoulder stabilization, with inclusion of an assessment of preoperative glenoid tracking.

Purpose:

To compare long-term clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability randomized to open and arthroscopic stabilization groups. Additionally, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were used to assess whether the shoulders were “on-track” or “off-track” to ascertain a prediction of increased failure risk.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A consecutive series of 64 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability were randomized to receive either arthroscopic or open stabilization by a single surgeon. Follow-up assessments were performed at minimum 15-year follow-up using established postoperative evaluations. Clinical failure was defined as any recurrent dislocation postoperatively or subjective instability. Preoperative MRI scans were obtained to calculate the glenoid track and designate shoulders as on-track or off-track. These results were then correlated with the patients’ clinical results at their latest follow-up.

Results:

Of 64 patients, 60 (28 arthroscopic and 32 open) were contacted or examined for follow-up (range, 15-17 years). The mean age at the time of surgery was 25 years (range, 19-42 years), while the mean age at the time of this assessment was 40 years (range, 34-57 years). The rates of arthroscopic and open long-term failure were 14.3% (4/28) and 12.5% (4/32), respectively. There were no differences in subjective shoulder outcome scores between the treatment groups. Of the 56 shoulders, with available MRI studies, 8 (14.3%) were determined to be off-track. Of these 8 shoulders, there were 2 surgical failures (25.0%; 1 treated arthroscopically, 1 treated open). In the on-track group, 6 of 48 had failed surgery (12.5%; 3 open, 3 arthroscopic [ P = .280]).

Conclusion:

Long-term clinical outcomes were comparable at 15 years postoperatively between the arthroscopic and open stabilization groups. The presence of an off-track lesion may be associated with a higher rate of recurrent instability in both cohorts at long-term follow-up; however, this study was underpowered to verify this situation.
White and Black Differences in Perceived Access to Health and Community Services and Self-Rated Health in an Age-Friendly Community Assessment
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Xu Menglin , White Katie , Clutter Jill , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

This study sought to identify the race differences in perceived access to health and community services and self-rated health (SRH) among White and Black older adult participants of an age-friendly community assessment.

Methods:

Responses ( n = 313) to a baseline assessment of Columbus, Ohio, residents aged ≥50 years were analyzed.

Results:

Significant differences were found between White and Black older adults regarding SRH, with Black older adults reporting lower SRH. Black older adults reported significantly lower perceived access to 11 out of the 13 health and community services. There were no significant differences by race regarding ratings of Columbus and personal neighborhoods as a place for people to live as they age. Regression analyses found income was a significant predictor of SRH for both White and Black older adults.

Discussion:

Opportunities to increase perceived access and knowledge of health and community services for older adults through targeted, equitable interventions are warranted.
Associations Between Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Employee Stress, Burnout and Well-Being Among Healthcare Industry Workers
Authors: Wolff Marilyn Batan , O’Connor Patrick J. , Wilson Mark G. , Gay Jennifer L.
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Examine the associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with job stress, burnout, and well-being among healthcare industry workers.

Design:

Quantitative; cross-sectional.

Setting:

Healthcare Industry.

Sample:

US Amazon Mechanical Turk participants (n = 550) employed in the healthcare industry, worked 35 hours or more per week, had ≥ 1 supervisor and ≥ 1 co-worker, and were ≥ 18 years old.

Measures:

Self-reported measures of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), employee well-being, job stress, and burnout operationalized as exhaustion and disengagement.

Analysis:

Associations between OPA and LTPA with employee well-being, job stress, exhaustion and disengagement were assessed with separate multiple linear regression models.

Results:

OPA had positive significant associations with job stress (β = 0.10, P value = .003) and exhaustion (β = 0.21, P value < .0001). No significant associations were found between OPA with other psychological outcomes. A significant inverse association was found between LTPA and exhaustion (β = −0.04, P value = .007).

Conclusion:

In a sample of U.S. health care workers, and consistent with prior epidemiological studies, greater LTPA was associated with lower feelings of exhaustion. In contrast, health care workers with greater OPA reported higher perceptions of job stress and exhaustion. The findings underscore the need for more research aimed at understanding relationships between OPA and psychological health among healthcare workers.
Keeping It Quiet? The Micro-Politics of Employee Voice in Company Strategic Decision-Making
Authors: Casey Catherine , Delaney Helen
Published: June 2021

Employee voice in company strategic and governance decision-making in Anglophone countries commonly has few formal channels. This article’s investigation of labour’s (collective employees) interest expression in Australia and New Zealand finds that labour actors engage with company actors to craft a range of channels of expression and participation. In addition to actors’ utilisation of formal institutional provisions for adversarial collective bargaining and cooperative participation, actors utilise other ‘at the table’ arrangements that are typically of low salience. These include non-formal, inter-actor arrangements that facilitate contribution to decisions that can include matters of strategic importance. Labour actors engage with company actors in intricate micro-political relations to contribute influence in framing understandings and horizons of decisions and norm-building. Their quiet activities contribute regulatory effect in company decision-making.