bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do students think what teachers think about plagiarism?
Authors: Foltýnek Tomáš , Rybička Jiří , Demoliou Catherine
Published: July 2020

Preventing students' plagiarism is an important issue at Higher Education Institutions (HEI) since teachers are the ones who are primarily involved in plagiarism prevention. They have to explain to students what plagiarism is and to teach them how to avoid plagiarism. A survey conducted under the research project on the Impact of Policies for Plagiarism in Higher Education Across Europe (IPPHEAE) has collected thousands of questionnaires from both students and teachers of several HEIs at various EU countries. The project addressed several research questions relating to plagiarism. This paper compares and contrasts the overall data collected on students’ and teachers' attitude towards academic writing and their perception of plagiarism and plagiarism penalties as well as their knowledge of institutional policy/procedures on plagiarism. On the basis of the results obtained it would appear that changes in teachers’ attitude and a better understanding of students' educational needs and perception of plagiarism may provide the means to enable HEIs to help students to avoid plagiarism in a more effective way.
Culture of minimal influence: A study of Japanese university students’ attitudes toward plagiarism
Authors: Wheeler Greg
Published: July 2020

The influence culture may have on East Asian students’ attitudes toward plagiarism has been a topic of much discussion in recent years, with many scholars believing that students from this region do not view plagiarism negatively. They argue that the students have little concept of individual word ownership and consequently feel copying the works of others should not be considered a transgression. Others, however, are wary of this culture argument, and suggest that it is seemingly premised on instances in which East Asian students have plagiarised on their English writing assignments. They submit that rather than culture, the underlying cause of student plagiarism more likely stems from a fear of academic failure due to struggles with a foreign language.

Japanese students are often included among those who supposedly do not view plagiarism as morally wrong. In the present study, this theory is explored through examining data from a survey designed to gauge attitudes toward plagiarism and citation administered in 2011 to students at eight Japanese universities. Results indicate that Japanese students almost overwhelmingly view plagiarism as wrong and believe in the importance of providing citations to works they have used, although students from medical backgrounds may possibly be less concerned about the importance of citation than those from other fields. Moreover, contrary to beliefs held by both those who agree and disagree with the culture argument, results show that Japanese students seemingly receive more formal instruction regarding citation techniques than what has been commonly believed.
'Authority is everything': A study of the politics of textual ownership
Authors: Thompson Celia
Published: July 2020

The relationships between text, knowledge and power in the construction of writer identities have been the source of much debate among philosophers,literary scholars and language educators (e.g., Bakhtin 1981; Kristeva 1986;

Pennycook 2001). Such interrelationships are played out in the transcultural encounters that occur between students and their lecturers on a daily basis in our contemporary university classrooms. This article explores how two

undergraduate students from different language backgrounds, studying at a major Australian university, struggle to deal with the politics of text/knowledge construction in their quest for a sense of ownership and authorial control over the assignments they produce. Data consisting of interviews and assignments by students from different disciplinary fields have been selected from a larger study into plagiarism and intertextuality. Drawing on the work of Bakhtin (1981),

Kristeva (1986) and Howard (1992; 1995; 1999), my analysis indicates firstly, that students feel constrained by the homogenising (Holton 2000) forces of the academic writing conventions that they feel obliged to imitate; and secondly,

confused by unified and autonomous concepts of authorship and originality that fail to take account of the 'shared' nature of the processes of text/knowledge production. I conclude by suggesting that the development of writer identity needs to be seen as part of the ongoing epistemological negotiations that occur between students and lecturers as they struggle to construct desired meanings across texts. I then consider the implications of these findings for academic writing pedagogy.
Counting beans in the degree factory
Authors: Atkins John , Herfel William
Published: July 2020

This paper examines how material conditions constrain the capacity to act with academic integrity, particularly in the context of severe resource limitations within Australian higher education. It describes the current situation in Australian universities illustrating this with statistics as well as the authors’ experiences. Drawing on the recent report on plagiarism policy and implementation at The University of Newcastle produced by the St. James Ethics Centre, the paper shows how policies and procedures can run aground due to resource scarcity. It also explores the breakdown of traditional academic culture and its impact on integrity, making reference to the University of Maryland Student Honor Code. Finally, the paper raises the question of what constitutes ethical action when resources become stretched to the breaking point.
Embedding plagiarism education in the assessment process
Authors: Barrett Ruth , Malcolm James
Published: July 2020

Lessons on paraphrasing and citing sources can only be partially effective if they are not perceived as immediately relevant to the individual student. We used electronic plagiarism detection tools to help students understand correct academic practice in using source material. In order to produce an essay on a specified topic, students were required to summarise a number of research papers. The 182 students who took part in this exercise were studying one-year Masters programmes in Computer Science, Automotive Engineering, and Electronics, mainly from China, India and Pakistan and new to the University. These students should have been building on previous study both in subject matter and study skills, but before they tackled the assignment, a series of lectures gave guidance on finding and summarising sources, and reminded students about what constitutes plagiarism. The students' essays were submitted to Turnitin and Ferret -- a straightforward, but resource intensive process -- and the resulting reports used to give individual feedback to students on how original their words appeared to be. This was effective in helping the students to understand plagiarism, because the reports identified plagiarised passages in their own work. Using a threshold of 15% of matching text, we found 41% of students had submitted work identified by Turnitin as possible plagiarism but this reduced to 26% on inspection by academics. After a second submission, incidence of plagiarism dropped to 3% overall. We found that the degree of matching text found correlated with a student's programme of study, but not with nationality.
Taking the Mountain to Mohammed: Transitioning International Graduate Students into Higher Education in Australia
Authors: Handa Neera , Fallon Wayne
Published: July 2020

This paper reports on findings of evaluative research into student perceptions of a structured academic development workshop, which was specifically designed to induct and orient international students into the academic expectations of their program of study at a university in Australia. With most Australian universities engaged in the business of internationalisation of higher education, there is some debate about the adequacy of practices adopted by these institutions to familiarise their non English-speaking background (NESB) international students with the Australian academic culture. While the practices of some Western universities are sometimes said to be inadequate, there also appears some consternation about international students’ lack of motivation to learn and their inability to master Western academic conventions. Against this backdrop, the paper outlines the impetus for collaboration between the university’s Learning Skills Unit and faculty staff in

designing and facilitating a tailored academic development workshop for graduate students. After laying out related literature and details of the workshop, there is discussion of the data collection methods, and an analysis of the data from students. The paper makes a call for repeat workshops at the beginning of every semester, as an indispensable component of the overall content delivery strategies in the faculty’s graduate program. The paper concludes by contemplating the educational integrity inherent in program and faculty staff development initiatives, which are focused on addressing the academic and cultural proclivities of an international student cohort.
An investigation of assessment in fully asynchronous online math courses
Authors: Trenholm Sven
Published: July 2020

This study is based on a voluntary survey of all listed Fall 2006 State University of New York (SUNY) Learning Network (SLN) mathematics faculty. The survey focuses on assessment in SLN math e-learning. Based on survey data, the study attempts to answer the following questions: What percentage of math e-learning courses overall, by course category and by institution (two year or four year) are proctored? In proctored and unproctored math e-learning courses, which assessment instruments are utilised and how? Comparing the two approaches, how does the practice of assessment in proctored math e-learning courses compare to the practice of assessment in unproctored math e-learning courses? Finally, what are the ten most popular strategies for assessing math e-learning courses? The paper concludes with questions, suggestions for further research and implications regarding the academic integrity of math e-learning courses.
Promoting academic integrity at a Midwestern University: Critical review and current challenges
Authors: Gynnild Vidar , Gotschalk Patricia
Published: July 2020

This article reports on an institutional study of academic integrity based on two different sources: reporting of incidents over a six-year period (2001-2006) and a campus-wide survey administered in 2008. Findings are that academic dishonesty is widespread and increasing, yet 40% of the academic staff responding admitted they had taken no steps regarding a suspected incident of cheating due to insufficient proof. Among college students, freshmen and sophomores are more frequently reported for cheating than juniors and seniors, and international students are overrepresented compared with domestic students. The proportion of integrity charges against females was less than their proportion of student enrollment, and there exists a perception gap between students and academic staff in the seriousness of a number of actions. The most frequent offence was students working with peers when asked for individual work. This may be indicative of a change of the value systems of young people compared to older generations, and former strategies to promote integrity may be less valid today. More emphasis needs to be put on structural approaches to reduce or eliminate opportunities to cheat, and the educational aspect of dishonest actions should be further strengthened.
The role of critical thinking in academic dishonesty policies
Authors: Roberts-Cady Sarah
Published: July 2020

Colleges and universities have adopted two main strategies for addressing academic dishonesty: the behavior modification strategy and the character development strategy. Both of these strategies are often lacking one important component: teaching students to think critically about values. This paper explores the importance of integrating critical thinking into academic dishonesty policies.
Academic Patronage
Authors: Martin Brian
Published: July 2020

Patronage, expansively conceived as covering all forms of bias and discrimination, is pervasive in organisations and professions, including academia. Four key types of academic patronage operate through decisions made, processes used, assistance given to individuals and personal interactions. Some forms of patronage, especially discrimination on the basis of gender and ethnicity, have come under sustained criticism and are officially stigmatised. However, policies for equal opportunity and against conflicts of interest have only begun to address more personal forms of patronage. Some forms of patronage, such as supporting one's research students, are common and treated as normal; systems without such patronage would seem strange. Looking at patronage in a broad sense can be useful in highlighting abuses that escape the usual lenses of anti-discrimination.
Links are not enough: Using originality reports to improve academic standards, compliance and learning outcomes among postgraduate students
Authors: McCarthy Grace , Rogerson Ann
Published: July 2020

Training students on the interpretation of originality reports generated by an electronic evaluation tool can assist with the reduction of unintentional plagiarism. An initial trial by the Sydney Business School, a postgraduate faculty of the University of Wollongong, has demonstrated that a proactive approach, based on pedagogical principles, can have a positive impact on the improvement of student writing skills when compared to a retributive justice approach reliant on a student's ability and initiative in accessing internet support resources.

This paper argues that higher education should not rely on links to internet-based information, policies, and systems, to educate students in highlighting the seriousness and consequences of allegations of plagiarism. The trial at SBS supplemented the use of an electronic plagiarism detection tool with instructions given by the lecturer, related to the subject assessment tasks, and discussions both on the benefits of using originality reports and how to use these reports effectively to improve students' writing, thus providing positive motivation and consistent academic support and guidance. This paper proposes that this more proactive 'informed' approach can ultimately achieve better results for students, academics, and institutions.
An examination of factors related to plagiarism and a five-year follow-up of plagiarism at an Australian university
Authors: Curtis Guy J , Popal Razma
Published: July 2020

In this paper we report the results of a survey of student plagiarism carried out at the University of Western Sydney (UWS). This survey examined rates of plagiarism,understanding of plagiarism, perceived seriousness of plagiarism, and factors thought to be related to plagiarism such as the pressure students place on themselves to achieve high grades. Students who achieved higher grades plagiarised less than students who had lower grades. Perceived seriousness of plagiarism, students' competitiveness, and students' self-imposed pressure to achieve high grades were correlated negatively with incidence of plagiarism. Perceived seriousness of plagiarism mediated the relationship between self-imposed pressure to achieve good grades and rates of plagiarism. The data from the present survey (conducted in 2009) were compared with data from comparable students who completed the same survey at UWS five years earlier (2004). The comparison between the 2009 and 2004 data suggested a reduction in prevalence of plagiarism and an increase in both understanding and perceived seriousness of plagiarism between 2004 and 2009. We suggest that plagiarism may be reduced by means of educational programs that promote the perception of plagiarism as a serious academic integrity issue.
Core elements of exemplary academic integrity policy in Australian higher education
Authors: Bretag Tracey , Mahmud Saadia , Wallace Margaret , Walker Ruth , James Colin , Green Margaret , East Julianne , McGowan Ursula , Patridge Lee
Published: July 2020

This paper reports on one important aspect of the preliminary findings from the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) project, Academic integrity standards: Aligning policy and practice in Australian universities (Bretag et al., 2010) Our project aims to identify approaches to the complex issues of academic integrity, and then to build on these approaches to develop exemplars for adaptation across the higher education sector. Based on analysis of publicly available online academic integrity policies at each of the 39 Australian universities, we have identified five core elements of exemplary academic integrity policy. These have been grouped under the headings, Access, Approach, Responsibility, Detail and Support, with no element given priority over another. In this paper we compare the five core elements identified in our research with best practice guidelines recommended by the Higher Education Academy (HEA) in the UK. We conclude that an exemplar policy needs to provide an upfront, consistent message, reiterated throughout the entire policy, which indicates a systemic and sustained commitment to the values of academic integrity and the practices that ensure it. Whereas the HEA created two discrete resources, the key aim and challenge of this project will be to develop exemplars that demonstrate a strong alignment between policy and practice.
The 4PA of plagiarism: A psycho-academic profile of plagiarists
Authors: Siaputra Ide Bagus
Published: July 2020

Plagiarism is considered to be a serious transgression in the academic world. Due to the perception that plagiarism is rampant among both students and professors, the Indonesian government has established policies to prevent plagiarism in academia. Varieties of sanctions, ranging from score reduction to the revocation of granted academic titles have been applied to those who are caught committing this serious academic offense. However, the severity of the sanctions seems unable to put an end to plagiarism. Because severe sanctions seem unable to eradicate or even alleviate plagiarism, it might be assumed that the tendency towards plagiarism is a personal trait. Regardless of the presence or absence of opportunities and the severity of the potential sanctions, some individuals seem to be prone to plagiarism. In this study, five variables were used as predictors of plagiarism: procrastination, performance, personality, perfectionism, and achievement motivation. They were chosen to represent personal inclination, ability, and value, which separately have been reported to be correlated with plagiarism (Williams, Nathanson, & Paulhus, 2010). This study tries to combine those variables and has named it the 4PA of plagiarism.

This study used a sample of 362 undergraduate psychology students. The data were collected during the students' final exam, using seven scales. Plagiarism was measured using the Academic Practices Survey (APS) (Roig & DeTommaso, 1995) and the Personal Experiences with Plagiarism Scale (PEPS) (Bouman, 2009). Procrastination was measured using the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API) (Aitken, 1982) and the Procrastination Assessment Scale – Student (PASS) (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984). Academic score performance was taken from the faculty's academic archives (subjects' GPAs and scores in Introduction to Psychology). Personality was measured using the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) (http://ipip.ori.org/). Perfectionism was measured using the Almost Perfect Scale (APS-SO) (Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001). Achievement motivation was measured using the Achievement Motivation Inventory (AMI) (Schuler, Thornton, Frintrup, & Mueller-Hanson, 2004).

Both plagiarism scales (APS and PEPS) produced similar results (r=.419). Four of the five predictors have significant correlations with plagiarism. The highest correlations were found between plagiarism and the frequency of procrastination/PASS (rAPS & rPEPS =.270 = .202) and habitual procrastination/API (rAPS = .217 & rPEPS =.173). Plagiarists tend to have low conscientiousness (IPIP; rAPS = -.212 & rPEPS = -.178). A small but significant correlation was found between plagiarism and perfectionism (APS-SO; rAPS = -.143& rPEPS =-.124). Plagiarists tend to have low achievement motivation (AMI; rAPS = -.219 & rPEPS =-.183). Plagiarism is not significantly correlated with academic achievement. The contribution of the four predictor variables was rooted in academic procrastination. The dynamics of these variables for predicting plagiarism are discussed.
Integrity in higher education marketing? A typology of misleading data-based claims in the university prospectus
Authors: Bradley John
Published: July 2020

This paper examines misleading marketing claims in UK university prospectuses. It reviews earlier studies suggesting that the imagery and language of university marketing can be misleading. It considers the use of data and statistics by universities in their advertising – a topic not previously studied. From a sample of UK university prospectuses a typology of misleading data-based marketing claims is proposed, with nine categories: omission of facts and selective reporting; misleading wording; misleading inferences about an attribute; misleading associations between attributes; misleading endorsements; claim-fact discrepancies; falsehoods; carefully crafted comparisons, and claims without a reference point. Because choosing a university is so important to students and because universities aspire to high ethical and scholarly standards, the issues raised by these findings are significant. The two bodies empowered to address this issue in the UK do not take a proactive approach and so it must fall to universities themselves to address the ethical challenges raised by misleading marketing.
Bone and Subcutaneous Fat Influence on Yield, Physicochemical Traits, and Color Stability of Dry-Aged Loin From Grass-Fed Nellore Bulls
Authors: Bernardo Ana Paula da Silva , Ribeiro Felipe A. , Calkins Chris R. , Pflanzer Sérgio Bertelli
Published: July 2020

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of bone and subcutaneous fat on yield, physicochemical traits, and color stability of dry-aged beef from grass-fed Nellore bulls. Paired bone-in loins (from the 10th thoracic vertebra to 6th lumbar vertebra) from 8 carcasses were collected and cut in half, and the sections from each carcass were assigned to 4 treatments (n = 8): bone-in with subcutaneous fat, bone-in without subcutaneous fat, boneless with subcutaneous fat, and boneless without subcutaneous fat. Loin sections were dry-aged for 21 d, at 2°C and 70% relative humidity. After dry aging, the half-loins were weighed, trimmed, and weighed again to determine the evaporation loss, trimming loss, and yield. Additionally, water activity, pH, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, moisture content, cooking loss, pressed juice percentage, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and color stability (during 9 d of display) were analyzed. No interactions (P > 0.05) between bone and subcutaneous fat were found for evaporation and trimming loss, yield, and physicochemical traits. The treatments did not affect Warner-Bratzler shear force, pressed juice percentage, thiobarbituric acid-reactive sub-stances, and pH values (P > 0.05). Regarding color stability, there was a bone-by-time interaction (P < 0.05) for a* and b* parameters. Boneless treatments showed higher a* and b* values (P < 0.05) than bone-in treatments, after 6 and 7 d of display, respectively. Bone-in treatments and treatments with subcutaneous fat had lower evaporation and trimming loss and higher yield compared to boneless treatments and treatments without subcutaneous fat, respectively (P < 0.05). Therefore, although bone-in treatments showed lower color stability, bone and subcutaneous fat were considered important factors to the dry-aging process, as both resulted in a greater yield over dry-aged product that had bone and/or fat removed, without compromising other physicochemical traits of dry-aged beef from grass-fed Nellore bulls.
Bayesian Analysis of Extended Cox Model with Time-Varying Covariates Using Bootstrap Prior
Authors: Olaniran Oyebayo Ridwan , Abdullah Mohd Asrul Affendi
Published: July 2020

A new Bayesian estimation procedure for extended cox model with time varying covariate was presented. The prior was determined using bootstrapping technique within the framework of parametric empirical Bayes. The efficiency of the proposed method was observed using Monte Carlo simulation of extended Cox model with time varying covariates under varying scenarios. Validity of the proposed method was also ascertained using real life data set of Stanford heart transplant. Comparison of the proposed method with its competitor established appreciable supremacy of the method.
A Review on Life Cycle Management Approach on Asset Qualification
Authors: Mali Mamta R. , Bhusnure O.G. , Mule Shrikrishna T. , Waghmare S.S.
Published: July 2020

All equipment’s used in the production of products shall be properly Validated, Qualified and Calibrated to demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended purpose. Qualification is an important aspect of the pharmaceutical quality system. When the equipment is properly qualified, verified and maintained, there is the possibility of Consistent performance of the equipment. A well designed qualification program saves valuable time and cost. Qualification is called a cyclic process because it is a never ending process. Appropriate documentation of the qualification program is very important as lack of the documented evidence does not give any meaning to qualification (Not documented it means not done).  The current programs and procedures of equipment qualification used within any pharmaceutical and bioscience industry are based on ‘regulatory requirements’, ‘voluntary standards’, ‘vendor practices’, and ‘industry practices’. The output is considerable variation in the way any pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies approach for the laboratory equipment. The lifecycle management approach of equipment qualification covers entire life cycle for the specification, design, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, qualification (4Qs Model DQ, IQ, OQ, PQ), operation & maintenance of equipment in a risk based life cycle management approach. The goal of any regulated pharmaceutical and bioscience company is to provide reliable and valid data suitable for its intended purpose. Main goal of equipment qualification is to form the basis for written procedures for production and process control which are designed to assure that the drug products have the SISPQ (Safety, Identity, Strength, Purity and Quality)

Keywords: Validation, Calibration, Life cycle management approach, Qualification (4Qs Model- DQ, IQ, OQ & PQ), SISPQ (Safety, Identity, Strength, Purity and Quality)
Diabetes Insipedes in a child disclosing localized Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha , Markova Zaneta
Published: July 2020

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is monoclonal neoplastic condition of aberrant bone marrow histiocytes.  The latter are part of the innate immune system and certain exogenous/endogenous stimuli may trigger its expansion.  Hence LCH can present with limited or multiple organ involvement that may include; bones, lung, endocrine, skin, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.  In this case report, we describe a 3-year-old boy who presented with severe polyuria and polydipsia.  Laboratory investigations were consistent with diabetes insipidus (DI).  MRI of the brain; confirmed absence of the bright spot in his pituitary gland did not show evidence of tumor or enlargement by inflammation.  Moreover, MRI revealed 2 skull lesions and their subsequent biopsy confirmed LCH.  Systemic examination and tests including PET scan did not show additional lesions.  Since his disease was localized, he received only Desmopressin acetate 120 ug twice daily for his DI without surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy.  One year later, his disease remained limited to DI and the 2 bonny lesions. 

Keywords: bone, diabetes insipidus, pituitary, desmopressin, Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Hematologic malignancies in children: Epidemiological aspects in the pediatric oncology department of Oran Anti-Cancerous center, Algeria (2009-2013)
Authors: Bachir Bouiadjra Chahrazed , Seddiki Oum Kaltoum , Diaf Mustapha Bachir
Published: July 2020

The incidence of the hematological malignacies, cancers of blood and lymphoid organs, has been in continuous increase for the last 20 years. In Algeria, few data on hematologic malignancies are available in the absence of a population register. The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological aspect of hematologic malignancies in children from northwestern Algeria.

This study was carried out in 366 patients, with hematological malignancies, aged from 1 month to 15 years, over a period of 5 years (2009-2013). The study was carried out in the Anti-Cancerous Centre of Oran, Algeria.

We noted a predominance of male gender comparing to the females with a sex ratio M/F of 1.2. A male predominance was found for all pathologies (sex ratio of 1.08 for acute lymphoid leukemia, ALL) except for acute myeloid leukemia, AML where a female predominance was observed with a sex ratio F/M of 1.21. 0-3 years age group is the most affected by these haemopathies with 34.2%, however, patients older than 10 years are the least affected. The most frequent malignant haemopathies was the ALL with 60.9%, followed by the AML with 16.9%. The mortality rate in all the studied patients is about 8.2%. The mortality rate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was about 20%, which is significantly higher compared to those recorded in patients with ALL and LH (5.4% and 5%, respectively).

This study highlights the need for broader strategies for better understanding of all epidemiological aspects of childhood hematological malignancies and for adopting case management and prevention policies.

Keywords: Hematologic malignancies, epidemiological characteristics, children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Oran anti cancerous centre.
Gastroprotective effect and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of the Aqueous Extract from Artemisia absinthium L Aerial Parts
Authors: KAOUDOUNE Chahrazed , Benchikh Fatima , Benabdallah Hassiba , Loucif Karima , Mehlous Soulaf , Amira Smain
Published: July 2020

Artemisia absinthium L. is a medicinal plant largely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to estimate the content of polyphenols, and flavonoids compounds and also to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-ulcer activities of the Aqueous extract from Artemisia absinthium L. aerial parts. The Folin-Ciocalteau and AlCl3 methods were applied in order to quantify the polyphenolic and flavonoids contents, respectively. However, DPPH   method was used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of the yield and phenolic content of the aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium showed that the yield of the aqueous extract was 19.32% and its phenolic content was 58.66 ± 2.16 μg GAE / mg dry extract for polyphenols and 6.85 μg QE / mg dry extract for the flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract evaluated by the DPPH test is very important (IC50=45.48±0.37 µg/ml). Treatment of mice with the aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium at a dose of 400 mg / kg significantly reduced the ulcerogenic effect of ethanol on the gastric wall with an estimated protection rate of 91%. These findings suggest that Artemisia absinthium L.  aqueous extract possessed good antiulcer and antioxidant potentials. This supports the traditional claims of this plant in folklore medicine.

Keywords: Artemisia absinthium, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, gastric ulcer, ethanol.
In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Cytotoxicity Activities of Aspergillus oryzae Isolated From El-Baida Marsh in Algeria
Authors: Houda Sara Nacef , Rachid Belhattab , Julio Galvez , Jesus Rodriguez-Sojo María , Teresa Vezza
Published: July 2020

This work covers the study of antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the Aspergillus oryzae strain isolated from saline soil (El-Baida marsh in Algeria). The crude extract obtained with ethyl acetate displayed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans with a mean of 16.69 mm of inhibition zone and a minimal inhibitory concentrations MICs between 7.28 and 21.85 μgmL-1. We also assessed the antiviral activity against Herpes simplex-2 Virus (HSV-2), in which no inhibitory effect was exhibited. In addition, cytotoxicity activity was tested in Caco-2 and RAW 264, a human epithelial and a murine macrophage cell line, respectively, revealing a no-toxic effect of the extract. The studied isolate extract possesses an antimicrobial property and its non-toxicity to the host cells becomes very important, and can be exploited for the production of new pharmacological and biotechnological agents.       

Keywords: Aspergillus oryzae, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, fungal extraction.
Aceh Paska MoU Helsinki
Authors: Murziqin Ramzi
Published: July 2020

Negara Indonesia dikategorikan sebagai negara lemah. Berbagai fakta dan alasan akan diungkap dalam makalah ini guna menjawab pernyataan tersebut. Pengambilan kesimpulan Negara lemah berdasarkan pada teori yang dinyatakan Robert I. Rotberg. Dalam teorinya dia menyatakan fungsi utama suatu Negara dan juga karakter suatu Negara dikatakan lemah. Dalam tulisan ini (weak state) menampilkan suatu kasus untuk menganalisis performa pemerintah Indonesia dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsinya. Kasus yang diambil adalah kasus paska penandatanganan konflik Aceh dengan Pemerintah Indonesia. Penandatanganan MoU dilakukan pada tanggal 15 Agustus 2005. Analisis kasus akan dibatasi pada akhir tahun 2008. Fakta-fakta kasus yang akan ditampilkan di sini adalah erat kaitannya dengan tindakan yang telah diambil Negara Indonesia dalam melaksanakan fungsi-fungsinya. Kemudian hal itu akan kami gunakan untuk melakukan analisis dalam menentukan kategorisasi pemerintah Indonesia.
POLÊMICAS POLÍTICAS, RELIGIOSAS E LITERÁRIAS NO PIAUÍ À LUZ DO TRIÂNGULO MIMÉTICO DE GIRARD
Authors: Ciarlini Daniel Castello Branco
Published: July 2020

Ao encontrar uma estrutura comum às polêmicas que se desenvolveram em três campos piauienses, o político, o religioso e o literário, este artigo busca compreender as singulares regras e discursos que se operam em suas instâncias, à luz da teoria do triângulo mimético de Girard, que traduzida à realidade brasileira, vale ser observada em complemento à tese do “homem cordial”, de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, e à análise acerca do autoritarismo no Brasil, sintetizado no jargão “sabe com quem está falando?”, de que se ocupa DaMatta. A atuação dos protagonistas das contendas é vista tanto nas esferas estética quanto ética, bem como a forma com a qual a linguagem travestida de objetividade migra para uma conduta moral, implicando diretamente em um confronto que invade a subjetividade. Analisam-se casos em cada um desses campos, cujo palco foi as páginas de imprensa, do século XIX às três primeiras décadas do século XX.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: polêmicas; Piauí; triângulo mimético; homem cordial.
LITERATURA EM EXPANSÃO: ALICE, DO LIVRO AOS GAMES
Authors: Moreira Maria Elisa Rodrigues , Santiago Rejania Francisca da Cruz
Published: July 2020

A discussão sobre a literatura em campo expandido tem ganhado corpo em diversas perspectivas e, inclusive, por meio de conceitos distintos, como os de ampliação e inespecificidade. Na esteira desse debate, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a pertinência de abordagem da literatura digital também sob perspectiva expandida: para tanto, propõe-se um breve percurso pelas refigurações da personagem Alice, oriunda dos livros de Lewis Carroll, quando esta é adaptada para o universo gamer nos jogos American McGee’s Alice (2000) e Alice: Madness Returns (2011). Recorrendo a elementos da teoria da adaptação e das teorias narratológicas, analisam-se alguns princípios do processo de sobrevida da personagem em uma narrativa digital que expande o universo literário ao solicitar de seu leitor-jogador um engajamento interativo de caráter intertextual.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: literatura expandida; literatura digital; adaptação; games.
QUERERES DE CAETANO: A CANÇÃO COMO LITERATURA EXPANDIDA
Authors: Maia Leandro Ernesto
Published: July 2020

Uma canção lê-se com os ouvidos. É um texto onde os elementos musicais também dizem, falam, gritam, concordam e discordam enquanto as palavras transbordam sonoridades cujo sentido é apenas possível em seu contexto musical, transcendendo o texto escrito. A palavra é matéria sônica, a base que estrutura ritmo, imagens e significados. Como ler-escutar canções em seu contexto de literatura expandida? Este artigo aborda procedimentos de análise intracancional e extracancional para o estudo das canções, evitando a separação entre letra e música em O Quereres, de Caetano Veloso.Palavras-chave: canção popular; análise cancional; Caetano Veloso
PALAVRA-PERFORMANCE
Authors: Alexandrini Camila
Published: July 2020

O diálogo entre esses dois campos de análise - literatura e performance - tem se demonstrado instigante e promissor, já que a interdisciplinaridade tem conferido à pesquisa um caráter inusitado ao literário. A performance aqui se insere primeiramente como um investimento à disponibilização de outros espaços ao que chamamos de literatura e, desse modo, possibilitar que ela seja entendida, lida e desenvolvida também de outras maneiras teóricas. Ergue-se, a partir dessa relação, um campo vasto de pesquisa e análise, a partir do qual este artigo busca apresentar um diferencial significativo e qualificado às pesquisas contemporâneas sobre a literatura. Além do próspero contato com outras artes, a literatura tem ainda muito a revelar a pesquisadores/as e leitores/as.Palavras-chave: Literatura; Performance; Palavra
Estimasi Karakteristik Dinamis Bawah Permukaan Menggunakan Refraksi Mikrotremor di Kota Palu
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Efendi Rustan , Rusydi H. M.
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian dengan metode refraksi mikrotremor (REMI) telah dilakukan di Kecamatan Palu Selatan, Kecamatan Palu Barat dan Kecamatan Palu Timur dengan merekam penjalaran gelombang yang terjadi di bawah permukaan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitan ini menggunakan variasi kecepatan rambat gelombang melalui metode refraksi mikrotremor (REMI). Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 program yaitu menggunakan program Surface Wave Analysis Wizard dan program Waveq. Hasil penelitian ini dilakukan di 3 lokasi yang berbeda. Lokasi pertama berada pada kawasan lapangan Kawatuna Kecamatan Palu Selatan dengan nilai kecepatan gelombang geser 282,0 m/s dan nilai periode dominan 0,42 s sehingga termasuk dalam klasifikasi jenis tanah IV. Lokasi kedua berada kawasan Masjid Agung Kecamatan Palu Barat dengam nilai kecepatan gelombang geser 215,0 m/s dan nilai periode dominan 0,55 s sehingga termasuk dalam klasifikasi jenis tanah IV. Lokasi ketiga berada di kawasan Mapolda Sulteng Kecamatan Palu Timur dengan nilai kecepatan gelombang geser 327,4 m/s dan nilai periode dominan 0,36 s sehingga termasuk dalam klasifikasi jenis tanah III.

Kata Kunci: Refraksi Mikrotremor (ReMi), Kecapatan gelombang geser, Periode dominan.
Fabrikasi dan Karakterisasi Briket Limbah Buah Pinus dengan Perekat Limbah Kulit Pohon Pinus
Authors: Linggi Murni , Ulum Syahrul , Darwis Darmawati
Published: July 2020

Penelitian tentang fabrikasi dan karakterisasi  briket limbah  buah pinus dengan perekat limbah kulit pohon pinus telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi limbah kulit pohon pinus sebagai perekat terhadap karakter briket tersebut. Proses pembuatan dimulai dengan melakukan karbonisasi  limbah buah pinus dan penghalusan limbah kulit pohon pinus. Kedua bahan tersebut kemudian dicampur dan dicetak dengan metode cetak panas. Sampel briket yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi untuk mengetahui kadar air, kadar abu, volatil matter, fixed carbon, nilai kalor, kuat tekan, lama penyalaan dan laju pembakaran. Hasil penelitian  menunjukan sampel briket terbaik yaitu yang memiliki presentase campuran limbah kulit pohon pinus sebesar 37,5% dengan hasil pengujian kadar air 6,85%, kadar abu 3,99%, volatil matter 38,55%, fixed carbon 50,6%, nilai kalor 6.138 cal/gr, laju pembakaran 0,14 gr/detik,dan kuat tekan 526,1 kgf/ . Penambahan persentase perekat cenderung menambah kadar abu, fixed carbon, nilai kalor, kuat tekan,  laju pembakaran dan cenderung menurunkan nilai kadar air, volatil matter, dan lama penyalaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa limbah buah pinus dengan perekat limbah kulit pohon pinus layak digunakan sebagai bahan dalam karakterisasi biobriket

Kata Kunci: Limbah, Buah Pinus, Kulit Pohon Pinus, Briket
Shadow banking in India
Authors: Prudhvi Sankar , Bhattacharya Mousumi
Published: July 2020

The NBFCs have been the proxies of shadow banking in India. The shadow banking channel is in its evolutionary phase in India. Hence the debate about the shadow banking channels is still on as far as India is concerned. The FSB (Financial Stability Board) in its report points out the various emerging trends and growth of the shadow banking channels in various countries including India. It is imperative to study the trends of shadow banking channels in India to understand the possible financial contagion effect of it on the formal banking systems. This paper studies the deposits accepted by and the loans advanced by the NBFCs from/to the households sector, the credit flow to the commercial sector from the non-banking channels to understand the broad trends. It further studies the difference in the net flow of resources to and from a particular type of NBFCs, to gain insights into the sources of funds with an objective to understand the interconnectedness of NBFCs and the formal banking channels. The paper makes an attempt to study the relationship between CRAR and GNPA to understand the financial performance with a specific reference to NBFC-MFIs (selected on a sample basis).
Efficacy and Safety of Short- and Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on a Background of Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Huthmacher Jessica Annalena , Meier Juris J. , Nauck Michael A.
Published: July 2020

Background/Purpose. To compare efficacy and safety of short- and
long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), both used in combination with
basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Data Sources/Study Selection. Randomized controlled trials comparing the co-administration of short-
or long-acting GLP-1 RAs and basal insulin with basal insulin ± placebo were
identified (PubMed search). Of 974 identified publications 14 clinical trials
were included. Eight trials examined short-acting and six long-acting GLP-1
RAs.

Data Extraction/Data Synthesis. Differences in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, body weight
and adverse events were compared between studies using short- or long-acting
GLP-1 RAs by random-effects meta-analysis.

Limitations.
Relatively small numbers of available
publications, some heterogeneity regarding protocols and differences in the
GLP-1 RA compound used.

Conclusions. Long-acting GLP-1 RAs more effectively reduced HbA1c (∆ - 6
mmol/mol, [95 % CI - 10; - 2], p= 0.007), fasting plasma glucose (∆ - 0.7
mmol/l [- 1.2; - 0.3] p= 0.007) and body weight (∆ - 1.4 kg [- 2.2; - 0.6] p=
0.002) and raised the proportion of patients achieving an HbA1c target < 7.0%
(< 53 mmol/mol; p= 0.03) more than the short-acting ones. Patients reporting symptomatic (p= 0.048), but not severe hypoglycemia
(p= 0.96) were fewer with long- vs. short-acting GLP-1 RAs added to insulin.
The proportion of patients reporting nausea (- 52 %; p < 0.0001) or vomiting
(- 36 %; p= 0.0002) was lower with long-acting GLP-1 RAs. Overall, GLP-1 RAs improved HbA1c, fasting
plasma glucose and body weight when added to basal insulin. However,
long-acting GLP-1 RAs were significantly more effective for glycemic and body
weight control and displayed better gastro-intestinal tolerability.
Valoración del maíz como patrimonio natural por mujeres amas de casa
Authors: De Jesús Mex-Álvarez Rafael Manuel , Garma-Quen Patricia Margarita , Yanez-Nava David
Published: July 2020

El maíz es patrimonio del pueblo de México, pues es un elemento identitario de su cultura y sociedad y es un ingrediente indispensable en la gastronomía mexicana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer los valores y la sensibilidad al cambio de las dimensiones cultural, económica, salud y social del maíz. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado a 537 mujeres en mercados y supermercados de San Francisco de Campeche, México, para conocer su opinión sobre la importancia sociocultural, económica y alimentaria del maíz. Se encontró que los valores existentes en el uso y consumo del maíz muestran una mayor correlación con la edad. Las mujeres más jóvenes presentan una menor magnitud en las dimensiones evaluadas. Todas las generaciones, sin embargo, exhiben una intensidad alta a la sensibilidad al cambio. Esto representa una necesidad de educar respecto a la importancia de la agrodiversidad del maíz para su defensa como patrimonio natural.
21ST CENTURY SKILLS OF ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE RELATED TO THE RESILIENCE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Anis Aswhar , Susdarwono Endro Tri
Published: July 2020

Indonesia is an agricultural country, but imports rice, sugar, wheat flour, maize, milk powder, onions, garlic, soybeans, carrots, from abroad. In all countries of the world, agriculture is the most protected sector of the economy. Food security is important. If a country imports most of its food products from other countries to fulfill its need because the price is lower than domestic prices, then the country will become dependent in its food supply on other countries for the future. This will be dangerous. So that 21st century skills are needed towards economic intelligence in Indonesia who can be relied on in terms of national economic resilience. These skills include : Ecological: the business environtment, Psycho-sociological: internal actors of organisation, Reticulated: external human networks claimed and moblized around the project, Teleological: final purpose of the approach through strategy development,  Technological: includes all the methods, tools and techniques used for the entire process of decision support through surveillance process, information protection, or benchmarking. Economic intelligence concerns the set of concepts, methods and tools which unify all the co-ordinated actions of research, acquisition, treatment, storage and diffusion of information, relevant to individual or clustered enterprises and organisations in the framework of a strategy.
PERBANDINGAN PUISI DOAKARYA AMIR HAMZAH DAN DOA KARYA SANUSI PANE
Authors: Geofany Cindy , Triananda Deby , E. Erlinda Sari
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang perbandingan puisi Doa karya Amir Hamzah dan Sanusi Pane. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan persamaan aspek-aspek religius pada puisi Doa karya Amir Hamzah dan puisi Doa karya Sanusi Pane. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi yang sumber datanya diperoleh dari puisi Doa dengan menggunakan pendektan sastra bandingan yang berfokus pada teori Hutomo.Hasil dari penenlitian ini adalah adanya hubungan persamaan dengan puisi  Doa karya Amir Hamzah dan Sanusi Pane. Persamaan tersebut dapat dilihat dari gaya penulisan, judul, makna, dan kedua penyair tersebut juga sama-sama menyebut Tuhan dengan sebutan kekasih. KataKunci: perbandingan, puisi, doa