bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online EdD Program Graduates’ Persistence for Engaging in Ongoing Practitioner Research
Authors: Mertler Craig
Published: August 2024

Doctoral graduates are expected to use research skills learned during their programs. The literature that speaks to this—particularly in EdD programs—is sparse. This study examined attitudes and behaviors of recent graduates of a practitioner-based program regarding their continued engagement with action research. Findings indicated that graduates believe strongly in the value of conducting action research and that many continue to do so. An identified impediment was a lack of institutional support from superiors, which is often overcome via the intrinsic satisfaction realized. Recommendations are offered for this doctoral program, as well as for practitioner-focused doctoral programs in general.
Ridge Regression for Interactive Models
Authors: Tate Richard
Published: August 2024

An exploratory study of the value of ridge regression for interactive models is reported. Assuming that the linear terms in a simple interactive model are centered to eliminate nonessential multicollinearity, a variety of common models, representing both ordinal and disordinal interactions, are shown to have “orientations” which are favorable to ridge regression. Comparisons of the potential efficiency of ridge regression to that of ordinary least squares across a wide range of conditions clearly suggest the value of ridge procedures for many centered interactive models.
Run, Hide, and Fight to Save Your Life
Authors: Farmer Joann , Zhang Jingshun
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ gain in self-protection efficacy after participating in face-to-face active shooter training. Research was conducted at a state level university to determine if face-to-face active shooter training for undergraduates was more effective than online training. Face-to-face training was administered to 170 undergraduates in five different classrooms over a 10-day period. Pre- and post-surveys were administered to the participants to determine differences in their understanding of active shooter protocol and confidence in their abilities to execute protocol if needed. Paired sample t tests revealed there were significant differences in the pre- and post-training surveys. ANOVA tests were conducted to determine how much online active shooter training enriched students’ feelings of safety on campus and the degree to which face-to-face active shooter training influenced students’ knowledge of protocol and feelings of being able to protect themselves in an active shooter situation.
Teaching with Multiple Strategies: An Investigation of Elementary Teachers’ Understandings during a Lesson Study Cycle
Authors: Farfan Guillermo , Murata Aki , Roehrig Alysia
Published: August 2024

Viewing teachers as learners of policy reform, this exploratory study examines a group of elementary mathematics teachers as they discussed teaching with multiple strategies as found in the new Mathematics Florida Standards during a lesson study cycle. In particular, it describes how teachers: (a) advance different explanations for teaching with multiple strategies in the new standards, and (b) anticipate or recognize major obstacles to the implementation of these new standards. Considerations of this study’s results to further research on teacher professional development and educational reform are also briefly discussed.
Evaluation of an Authentic Research-based Curriculum’s Effects on Undergraduate Biology Student Achievement
Authors: Diamond Brandon
Published: August 2024

An authentic research-based science curriculum for undergraduate science majors was implemented at a major private university in order to improve student learning and interest in science. Because most involved students majored in life sciences, cumulative GPA, biology GPA, and upper-level biology GPA were used as outcome measures of student achievement. Participation in the program, college admissions test scores, high school GPA, gender, cohort, and major were used as predictors in the multiple linear regression models. The overall model accounted for 44% of the between-student variance. Authentic research was found to improve biology student achievement compared to a control group when introductory coursework was included in the GPA calculation, but not when upper-level biology courses were examined without introductory courses. College admission test scores and high school GPA were found to be significant predictors of student achievement. The advantages of accounting for prior student achievement when evaluating program success are discussed.
A Case of Accelerated Literacy Development for a Kindergarten Retention Candidate
Authors: Turner Jalea
Published: August 2024

Supporting struggling learners is a greater challenge due to the Covid-19 pandemic and disruptions in millions of children’s education. Many students entering kindergarten during the 2021-2022 school year experienced these learning disruptions during their most formative education years: the preschool years. This practitioner research focuses on the use of multisensory instruction, cross-grade level collaboration, and intrinsic motivation to accelerate the literacy development of a struggling kindergartener, whose literacy needs required intensive intervention and tier-three support. By collaboratively creating an individualized literacy plan to meet their learning needs, this intrinsically motivated student transformed into an above-grade-level kindergartener prepared for first grade from a potential kindergarten retention candidate. This field-based research underscores the need for practitioners to refocus their attention on intrinsic motivation, collaboration to create individualized learning plans for all learners, and using research as cornerstones to guide instructional practice and maximize student outcomes.
Do School and School District Influence Students’ Performance on Civics End-of-Course Assessment? A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Ghimire Nirmal , Regmi Sushila
Published: August 2024

This study examined the influence of school and school district variables on schools’ average results for the civics end-of-course (EOC) assessment. A two-level hierarchical analysis was conducted using the percentage of students from low-SES per school, school size, and school type as Level 1 predictors and the average district poverty ratio and non-Hispanic White population as Level 2 moderators. The results showed that a higher percentage of poor students, district poverty level, and the district non-Hispanic White population had a negative impact on the average number of students who score proficient on civics EOC assessments. Similarly, school size and school type were significant predictors of the average school civics EOC proficiency rate.
The Impact of Middle School Reform Initiatives on Student Achievement and Retention in a Florida Magnet School
Authors: Pearson L. Carolyn , Pilcher Janet , Weeks Linda
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a magnet middle school’s reform initiatives on retention, 8th grade writing achievement for the full implementation year, and standardized achievement scores for students who attended Brown Barge Middle School for three consecutive years. Retention rate, writing skills, and standardized test achievement scores in six areas were examined. Results indicated a high retention rate and an increase in writing achievement for students. Standardized test scores indicated a significant increase in reading, science, and social studies achievement. There was a significant decrease in math achievement.
Longitudinal Effects of Retention and Promotion in Kindergarten on Academic Achievement
Authors: Banerji Madhabi
Published: August 2024

Same-year and same-grade comparisons were made of a matched sample of students retained in and promoted after one year from kindergarten. longitudinal performance in first, second, and third grades was studied using standardized test scores in reading and mathematics, and students’ performances were compared using multivariate analyses and Bonferroni comparisons. For both the same-year and the same-grade comparisons, significant group effects were found in reading; however, significant group effects were found in mathematics only for same grade comparisons. Significant interaction effects were found for both disciplines.
A Survey of Attitudes Toward Coaching Evaluation
Authors: Pinnell Ronald , Eissele William
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent the formal written evaluation of athletic coaches existed in the high schools of a central Florida school district. It was determined that 1 of the 6 high schools in the school district utilized such a system of evaluation. However, there was not consensus among the respondents of this school regarding how this system operated. The results also indicated that there was strong support within the school district from principals, athletic directors, and athletic coaches for a formalized system of evaluation. It was suggested that the coaching domains offered by Pflug (1980) provide a functional framework for determining what should be assessed in such a system. Based on these findings, seven recommendations were made regarding the implementation of a formalized system of evaluation in schools.
KENDALA IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI MIN 1 KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Aiyub Aiyub , Jarjani Jarjani , Sri Suryanta Sri Suryanta
Published: August 2024

Kurikulum merdeka dimaknai sebagai desain pembelajaran yang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk belajar dengan tenang, santai, menyenangkan, bebas stres dan bebas tekanan, untuk menunjukkan bakat alaminya. Kurikulum ini dikembangkan dengan harapan dapat mencetak generasi milenial yang mampu memahami materi atau ilmu yang diajarkan oleh guru secara cepat(Azwardinsyah et al., 2023; Mulyana & Ramdani, 2023; Zahara & Nurfalah, 2022). Siswa juga diharapkan mampu memanfaatkan teknologi dalam proses belajarnya. Sebelumnya, pendidikan di Indonesia sangat bergantung dengan buku yang bersifat tekstual, namun saat ini sudah mulai tergantikan oleh produk digital seperti e-book(Muna, 2023). Dan guru memiliki kebebasan secara mandiri untuk menterjemahkan kurikulum sebelum dijabarkan kepada para siswa sehingga guru mampu menjawab setiap kebutuhan siswa pada saat proses pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan sekaligus solusi permasalahan guru dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka(IKM) yang ada di MIN 1 Kota Banda Aceh . Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Responden dari penelitian ini adalah guru dan kepala sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hambatan dalam IKM berasal dari lima aspek, yaitu 1)Sosialisasikan kurikulum merdeka belum dilakukan secara intensif  2) Sarana-prasarana belum memadai; 3) Sumber Daya Manusia yaitu tenaga pendidik (guru) dan tenaga kepedidikan (tenaga administrasi) belum memahami secara mendalam tentang kurikulum merdeka; 4) Kondisi siswa, keluarga, dan lingkungan yang belum benar-benar siap menerima kurikulum merdeka ; 5) Ketimpangan kebijakan pemerintah. Adapun solusi bagi hambatan tersebut yaitu 1) Mengintensifkan sosialisasi  kurikulum merdeka kepada seluruh warga madrasah dan masyakarat  2) Memaksimalkan bantuan pendanaan dari pemerintah untuk mendukung sarana prasarana yang dibutuhkan oleh madrasah; 3) Mengaktifkan guru untuk mengikuti kegiatan Kelompok kerja Guru (KKG), pelatihan intensif, kolaboratif antar guru, penyediaan sumber belajar yang mendukung dan pelatihan teknologi terkait Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka (IKM);  4) Menjalin kerjasama yang baik antara warga madrasah dengan masayarakat;  5) Menerapkan kebijakan sesuai Kurikulum Merdeka
DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A MODEL CUTTING FLUID DEVELOPED FROM SHEA BUTTER OIL
Authors: Onche E. O. , Ugheoke B. I. , Adegboro O.
Published: August 2024

This research was carried out to develop a model cutting fluid from Shea Butter oil and evaluate
its performance in relation to temperature and surface roughness when compared to a commercial
cutting fluid. The effectiveness of the cutting fluid was evaluated on a mild steel using a turning
operation on the lathe machine. Temperature variations during the turning operation were
measured using an infra-red gun thermometer while surface roughness was evaluated by
employing a surface roughness tester. In this work Taguchi method was used to guide the selection
of machine parameters such as cutting speed (rev/min), feed rate (mm/rev), and depth of cut (mm).
Using Minitab, the cutting temperature and resulting surface roughness were measured for both
the developed cutting and commercial fluids. The results obtained for the average cutting
temperature of ~ 30oC and overall surface roughness value of 0.32μm for shea butter oil show a
significant difference from that of ~ 35oC and 0.47 μm respectively for commercial grade cutting
fluids. These results show that the shea butter oil-based cutting fluid not only exhibits great
potential but also surpasses the current capabilities of commercial cutting fluids in terms of its
cooling and surface finishing performances.
ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MONTMORILLONITE CLAY/POLYESTER NANOCOMPOSITE
Authors: Sumaila M. , Dauda M , Aliyu A.
Published: August 2024

The dielectric and mechanical properties of montmorillonite clay/polyester nanocomposite at various filler loadings were investigated. Five different samples of the nanocomposite were produced using melt interclation method while varying the percentage composition of montmorillonite clay from 5wt% to 25wt%. The tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths and impact energy on five replicate specimens for each test were analysed. Also the capacitance and dielectric strength of the samples were evaluated. Results obtained showed that whereas a drastic decrease in the impact energy of >100% was observed, the maximum tensile strength and Young’s modulus values of 50.27MPa and 8.76GPa respectively were obtained at 10% filler loading. Also the flexural and compressive strengths increased by 48% and 100% at 15wt% and 20wt% filler loading respectively. There was also an increase in capacitance (32%) and dielectric strength (>100%) of the samples with each filler addition up to 25% with 3 times increase in hardness at 25wt% as well.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKALI TREATED LUFFA CYLINDRICA FIBRE REINFORCED rLDPE COMPOSITES
Authors: Ubi Ateb Paschal , Salawu Asipita AbdulRahman
Published: August 2024

Bio-composites are now sought for as a result of their importance. However most bio-composites reinforced with natural fibres exhibit certain limitations when not treated, these including unfavourable moisture absorption characteristics, weak mechanical properties and poor interfacial bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix. In this research, luffa cylindrica fibres were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations for 24 hours under room temperature and pressure conditions. The characterizations of the fibre was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIRS), while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed on the developed composite. The percentage moisture absorption and the bulk density of the developed composite were determined for the crushed and uncrushed luffa cylindrica fibre reinforced composite. The treated composites showed a crystallinity index of 65.30%. The results from the characterizations showed that the fibres were effectively modified.
STUDIES OF SOME ENGINE OILS MANUFACTURED IN NIGERIA
Authors: Obi A.I , Aisimi A. M. , Dauda M. , Nwogu C.
Published: August 2024

Nigeria blending plants were few and mostly dominated by the multinationals. Lubricants produced in the past were of high quality but expensive. With time the lubricant market boomed and more investors entered the operations leading to quality challenges and adulterated products began to litter the market with some manufacturers’ addresses becoming elusive. In the present work some physical and chemical properties of selected multi- and mono-grade lubricants manufactured in Nigeria have been investigated. The values of viscosity in this investigation were found to decrease gradually with temperature for both multigrade and monograde lubricants.  For most lubricants a high flash point is desirable to prevent ignition in a motor. Mobil super (20W50), Conoil (20W50) and Total (SAE40) were found to have high flash points, while Oando SMOR (SAE40), Texaco Havoline (20W50) and AP Super V (20W50) have low flash points. The general specification for density of petroleum lubricants is 0.85-0.95. This investigation has confirmed that Nigerian manufactured lubricants are of good quality with densities above 0.85. The deposition of the sludge increases the exhaust back pressure and reduces over time the fuel economy. Verification of sludge formation is a guide to the formation of carbon deposits of lubricating oil in the cylinders of internal combustion engines. In this test low values of carbon residues were obtained indicating very small sludge formation from the lubricants.  However Amasco (20W50) and Total (20W50) produced high carbon residues of 2.8800 and 1.5018 respectively. The Total Base Number (TBN) which is a measure of the reserve alkalinity of oil is another manipulated property and it is the lubricants acidity. The values from this work indicate satisfactory ability of the lubricants to neutralize any acid formed during operation and minimize oxidation. The trace element is a measure of the additives in the lubricant and their functions include keeping the engine clean, extension of the range of applicability and useful life of the lubricant. Na, K and Ca which serve these functions are found in appreciable quantities in this investigation.  The hydrogen content of oil indicates the level of contamination by other lipids and the parity with lubricants processed elsewhere. The values ranged between 11.0 to 12.30 by weight percent and compares with the results of other investigators.
EVALUATION OF MICROBIALLY-INDUCED CORROSION (MIC) OF MILD STEEL IN Aspergillus Niger CULTURES
Authors: Auwal K , Abdulwahab M. , Sallau B. A , Ibrahim M. A. , Fu’ad A. A.
Published: August 2024

Microbially-Induced Corrosion (MIC) of mild steel in Aspergillus niger cultures at various temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60oC) and times (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours) has been investigated. The Aspergillus niger mycelia was cultured and its spores harvested from seven (7) days old slants, inoculated by washing the slants with 0.1% sterilized tween 80 into the 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing the cultures, and placed on a rotary shaker at 300rpm, pH4.0 and a temperature of 30oC for 120 hours. The corrosion tests were conducted in a thermo-stated water bath containing eight beakers of Aspergillus niger cultures and the coupons. There was a general increase in corrosion rate with exposure time; the highest corrosion rate of 245mpy being attained at a temperature of 40oC. Corrosion rates obtained at 50 and 60oC were found to be lower than those at 30 and 40oC. This might be due to the retardation in the growth of the fungi as the temperature was increased. The metabolic activities of the fungi might have produced some organic substrates which, directly or indirectly, were responsible for the observed degradation of the substrate. It was concluded that the rate of fungal growth, temperature and environment (corrodent) are the major factors affecting the corrosion rate of mild steel under the influence of these microorganisms.
Juridical Review Of Sharing Joint Assets As Banking Credit Collateral
Authors: Nuri Hidayati  , Widi Harsono
Published: August 2024

Joint assets are property acquired by a married couple, husband and wife can act on their joint assets with the consent of both parties. Marital Property Law has an important position in family life even when the marriage is still ongoing. In an activity regarding money loans at a bank, there is usually a handover of debt guarantees provided by the debtor to the creditor. In this case the debtors use joint assets as collateral for their credit agreement. The purpose of writing this thesis is to determine the legitimacy of using joint assets as collateral and the status of these joint assets by analyzing various sources of applicable law in Indonesia. In this analysis, it was found that joint assets used as collateral for credit cannot be processed in terms of assets back and forth until the obligation debt of debtors is completed.
Implementation of Environmental Law in Mineral and Coal Mining
Authors: Moh. Taufik
Published: August 2024

Mining materials as natural resources that cannot be renewed and have limited quantities of course have very high economic value. The existence of this high economic value is a factor in the mining business becoming an industry, both by the government and the private sector. The application of Environmental Law to mineral and coal mining is very important, so as not to cause environmental problems. This research aims to see how environmental law is applied to mineral and coal mining. This research includes library research because the data used is mostly secondary data in the form of legal documents as well as reviewing empirical data in the field. The analysis used uses a qualitative approach. The results of this research are that mineral and coal mining needs to implement environmental law properly, to avoid wider environmental problems. The stages in implementing environmental law, starting from completing environmental impact analysis, issuing IUP, preparing mining road infrastructure and reclamation after mining.
The Legal Protection of Patients as a Victim of Medical Malpractice by Physicians on Telemedicine Services
Authors: Egun Nofianto
Published: August 2024

The development of health services has developed in the last few years and continues to grow to the point of giving rise to telemedicine as a term for electronic services medium between patients and health service providers. The purpose of this research is to find the formal legal truth on the protection rights of a patient who used telemedicine services based on the Indonesian Civil Code, Health Law, and other relevant legal material sources, the study aims to determine the legal certainty of the patient using telemedicine services and legal remedies available to patients injured due to telemedicine malpractice. The research method used is normative or doctrinal and involves relevant approaches such as the statute approach, conceptual approach, theoretical approach, and analytical approach which use various legal material sources including primary and secondary legal material, particularly such as legislation, regulation, various legal theories, legal principles, doctrine, and scientific works of scholars including journals, articles, and practice guides.
Law Enforcement against Corporations for Wildlife Crimes which are Protected Under the Constitution of the Republic Indonesia Number 5 of 1990
Authors: Arnovan Pratama Surbakti  , Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih  , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is rich in diverse natural resources, namely animal natural resources and vegetable natural resources. One of the gifts of Almighty God which can be used as a source of the country's economy for national development. However, as time goes by, the species that breed in the forest are starting to become endangered. This is caused by the behavior of people or business entities who only think about personal interests without thinking about the impact of what they have done. A corporation involved in crimes involving protected wild animals will be charged in accordance with the applicable articles to provide a deterrent effect against the perpetrators. This research aims to find out the types of crimes against protected wild animals and to find out how law enforcement is carried out against corporations that commit crimes against protected wild animals based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Living Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems. This research is normative legal research. The data collection method is by conducting a literature review of legal materials whose data sources come from secondary legal materials, namely primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The data is described qualitatively descriptively and then analyzed to obtain conclusions from the problem formulations.
Juridical Analysis Of Handling Optimization Election Crimes At The Gakkumdu Center
Authors: Ervin Fitianingrum  , Ramlan Ramlan  , Lagat Parroha Patar Siadari  , Soerya Respationo  , Erniyanti Erniyanti
Published: August 2024

The handling of election crimes is one of the important aspects in maintaining the integrity and fairness of the process of holding general elections in Indonesia. The Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu Center) was formed as a forum for law enforcement of violations of crimes in General Rehabilitation which is carried out in an integrated manner by Bawaslu, the National Police, and the Prosecutor's Office. However, in practice, in the Batam City Gakkumdu Center, it was found that there were obstacles caused by Batam City Gakkumdu Center officers who did not understand their duties and authorities as well as the applicable rules in handling election violation cases, namely investigators who did not carry out investigations in the Gakkumdu Center. This study aims to analyze juridically the optimization of the handling of election crimes by the Gakkumdu Center with a focus on the Batam City Bawaslu. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through document studies, in-depth interviews with members of Bawaslu, the Police, and the Prosecutor's Office, as well as direct observation of the case handling process by the Gakkumdu Center in Batam City. Data analysis is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner to identify obstacles and formulate optimization efforts. The results of the study show that there are officers of the Batam City Gakkumdu Center who are not compliant in carrying out their duties and authorities in accordance with applicable rules in handling cases of election violations, namely investigators who do not carry out investigations in the Gakkumdu Center so that as a result of Bawaslu members at the Gakkumdu Center being confused/not taking a stand in deciding the case to be stopped/continued because the facts of the calrification results are not drawn optimally, so that there is a potential for expiration in case handling and administrative issuance that does not comply with principles. This study concludes that optimizing the handling of election crimes at the Gakkumdu Center in Batam City requires a comprehensive and integrated approach. By implementing the recommended steps, it is hoped that the Gakkumdu Center in general can be more effective and procedural in carrying out its duties so that the law enforcement
Criminal Law Policy in Efforts to Overcome the Criminal Offence of Maltreatment Based on Restorative Justice by the Prosecutor's Office
Authors: T. Ikhsan Ansyari Husny  , Rahmayanti Rahmayanti  , Muhammad Arif Sahlepi
Published: August 2024

The crime of maltreatment is a deliberate act that causes injury, pain or even death to a person. However, efforts to resolve minor persecution crimes can be done through Restorative Justice. Restorative Justice can be done through mediation of victims of persecution. This research formulates the problem of knowing how the legal arrangements by the Prosecutor's Office on Restorative Justice and knowing how the efforts and obstacles to overcoming persecution crimes based on Restorative Justice by the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. This research method is through empirical juridical research with field studies at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office related to countermeasures against criminal acts of persecution based on Restorative Justice. The data collection technique used by the author in this research is Field Research, which includes data sourced from interviews with the Public Prosecutor at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis. The process of applying Restorative Justice in the crime of persecution in the North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office is carried out by means of the Public Prosecutor offering peace efforts to the victim and suspect. Based on cases that meet the criteria for Restorative Justice, the State Attorney's Office will write to the High Prosecutor's Office and the Deputy Attorney General's Office for General Crimes to seek approval for Restorative Justice. The North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office prioritizes peace between victims and perpetrators in resolving cases of light maltreatment by involving the families of both parties, such as community leaders, without any pressure, coercion, or intimidation from the Public Prosecutor who acts as a facilitator.
Juridical Analysis Of Enforcement Of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) Discipline In The School Environment (Research Study Of SMA Negeri 15 Batam)
Authors: Bungasia Bungasia  , Fadlan Fadlan  , Darwis Anatami  , Erniyanti Erniyanti  , Soerya Respationo
Published: August 2024

Discipline of the State Civil Apparatus has been regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2023 concerning the State Civil Apparatus. In this regulation, the State Civil Apparatus consists of Civil Servants and Government Employees with Employment Agreements who are appointed by civil service development officials and entrusted with duties in a government position or entrusted with other state duties and are given income based on statutory regulations. The purpose of this regulation is intended to serve as a guideline in enforcing State Civil Service Discipline. However, the reality in the field is that violations of State Civil Apparatus Discipline, especially at SMAN 15 Batam, still occur frequently and repeatedly. This research aims to find out how the law regulates the enforcement of discipline towards State Civil Apparatus in the SMAN 15 Batam environment, how the implementation of law enforcement regarding the application of discipline towards the State Civil Apparatus in the SMAN 15 Batam environment and the obstacles faced by SMAN 15 Batam in enforcing discipline against State Civil Apparatus and alternative problem solving in the form of rewards and punishments. The research method used is a qualitative method with a normative and empirical juridical approach that analyzes statutory regulations relevant to the discipline of the State Civil Service. The data sources for this research were obtained from secondary data and primary data. Primary data was collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data was obtained from previous literature, books, journals and case studies. The results of the research show that so far the process of imposing punishment has only taken the form of a verbal warning delivered directly by the school principal. Verbal warnings are a form of light disciplinary punishment. Verbal warnings are given by considering the background of the Civil Servant disciplinary violation and the impact of the violation. Based on these results, the suggestion put forward is that it is hoped that all State Civil Servants will increase awareness of ASN discipline as well as understand and carry out obligations and avoid prohibitions in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. State civil servants must be more responsible for themselves and in carrying out ASN duties so that the objectives of ASN discipline can be realized well. For example, arriving at school early to avoid unexpected obstacles. In the future, enforcement of discipline in the State Civil Service must really be carried out properly and the process of imposing punishments must be stricter against perpetrators of violations of discipline by the State Civil Service so that it can provide a deterrent effect for undisciplined ASN.
Restorative Justice Approach in Traffic Crime Law Enforcement
Authors: Jabida Sopamena
Published: August 2024

This research explores the application of restorative justice, focusing on traffic cases resulting in fatalities, as outlined in Chapter XIX of the KUHP, which addresses crimes against the body. The study examines instances where traffic accidents caused deaths but were resolved through restorative justice practices. The findings indicate that within the National Police institution, the application of restorative justice in traffic cases is governed by both general and special conditions. These conditions are often conflicting, as general regulations typically reject restorative justice if a victim dies, yet special conditions allow for the possibility of resolving such cases at the investigation and inquiry levels. Similarly, at the Prosecutor's Office, the study revealed that the process of halting prosecution is generally not permissible for cases carrying sentences of over five years. However, in specific instances, exceptions are made, even though the Prosecutor's Office does not specifically address traffic crimes but regulates them under general provisions. This leads to an asynchronous approach to case resolution through restorative justice. The author concludes that there is a critical need for a dedicated law on Restorative Justice to ensure regulatory synchronization, thus providing clear and consistent guidelines for the application of restorative justice in traffic cases resulting in fatalities.
Mekanisme Produk Pembiayaan Mudharabah Terhadap Nasabah Yang Membutuhkan Modal Usaha di BMT UGT Nusantara Cabang Kepanjen
Authors: Uni Khasanah  , Istiqomah Istiqomah  , Moh. Aan Sulton
Published: August 2024

development of sharia economics in Indonesia, sharia financial institutions, especially Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil, have the main goal of being able to help and alleviate problems, especially the problem of limited capital based on Sharia principles. Because many entrepreneurs have limited business capital. Therefore, with this research, entrepreneurs who need it will have information about the financing mechanism with a Mudharabah agreement, for those who have limited business capital. BMT UGT Nusantara has several financing products, one of which is the mudharabah contract. Mudharabah financing is an agreement where the shohibul maal provides funds to the mudharib with the profits divided according to the profit sharing and nibah agreed at the beginning of the contract. The mudharabah financing mechanism at BMT UGT Nusantara Kepanjen requires members to fulfill the requirements, then the BMT will carry out analysis and observations to ensure the eligibility of the recipient of the financing, if it has been approved they will inform you of the disbursement of funds and carry out an agreement. When the contract is executed, BMT and the customer enter into an agreement on the division of the ratio and margin. This research uses qualitative methods, with field research and interviews with BMT staff as a means of obtaining information
Peluang Usaha Rumahan Untuk Menciptakan Lapangan Pekerjaan (Donat Dan Roti) Di Desa Cikupa
Authors: Joko Supono  , Puji Rahayu
Published: August 2024

Starting a home bakery and donut business is an attractive option for many individuals who have skills in cooking or baking, as well as an interest in the food industry. By taking advantage of time flexibility and lower initial costs than opening a physical store, this business offers the potential to generate additional income or even become a main source of income. Supporting quality and innovative food products on the menu can win the hearts of local customers and support the community economy. Although there are challenges in terms of licensing, operational management, and adapting to market changes, strategic steps in market research, business planning, product development, marketing, and inventory management can help build a successful and sustainable business in this sector. In conclusion, starting a bakery and donut business at home is not only about cooking skills, but also about creativity, effective business management, and commitment to providing added value to customers and the community as a whole.
Pelatihan Pelaporan Keuangan dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Laporan Keuangan bagi Pelaku Usaha UMKM
Authors: Syamsul Alam  , Nuramal Nuramal  , Resky Arianti Akob  , Muh. Irwan Nur Hamiddin  , Chairunnisa Rumianti  , Sitti Masyita  , Darmawati Darmawati  , Heslina Heslina  , Faisal P  , Nasrul Nasrul
Published: August 2024

This financial report preparation training activity aims to remind MSME business actors of their ability and knowledge in compiling financial reports. This activity is to respond to the difficulties of business actors that they have encountered so far. Inability and ignorance in compiling financial statements make it difficult for them to analyze their financial performance. This training activity lasted for 3 days where the material was carried out by conducting training in the preparation of financial reports then continued with the practice of making financial reports and finally continued with assistance by the team formed for this activity. This activity was attended by 15 MSME actors in Sanrobone village, Takalar. Based on the results of the activities that have been described, the conclusion of community service activities about financial reporting training in improving the Quality: MSME Financial Reports in Sanrobone Village, Sanrobone District, Takalat Regency is as follows: This activity aims to increase the understanding of financial reporting in improving the quality of financial reports for MSME actors. This training activity provides benefits in increasing productivity for MSME actors. The follow-up of activities is expected to be more about continuous training techniques and mentoring for MSME actors
Pemberdayaan Keluarga dalam Mencegah Luka Kaki Diabetes pada Masyarakat di Dusun IV Desa Bangun Rejo Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa Tahun 2024
Authors: Petra Diansari Zega  , Ali Imran Sirait  , Pretty Egina Sembiring  , Anita Sinaga  , Verti Angelia Sihombing
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic heterogeneous metabolic disorder with complex pathogenesis. It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia, which results from abnormalities in either insulin secretion or insulin action or both. Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers  is to empower families to take care for family members with diabetes. The results of the pre-test obtained showed that family knowledge was in the good category of 55.6%. After education was carried out on the role of families in caring for diabetic patients, especially preventing diabetic foot ulcers, the results showed that there was an increase in family knowledge of 70.4%. Families empowered to carry out their roles by helping families with diabetes to meet their diet, motivating them to do physical activity and supporting them to carry out routine health checks. The conclusion of this community service activity is that family empowerment is very useful for preventing diabetic foot ulcers.
Critical Issues in the Philippine Digital Economy
Authors: Serafica Ramonette
Published: August 2024

The Philippines has become one of the fastest-growing digital economies in Southeast Asia due to the emergence of information and communications technologies (ICTs) that have facilitated digital transformation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This transformation has led to the development of new business models, innovative products and services, and new ways to conduct business. Utilizing digital technologies effectively can help the country improve its economic performance and promote inclusive and sustainable development. However, the ability of the Philippines to take full advantage of the vast opportunities provided by these technologies is contingent on reducing the digital divide and addressing policy issues. To obtain a better understanding of the digital economy, the Philippine Institute for Development Studies has compiled research on the current ICT environment, including issues related to e-commerce, financial technology, online and platform work, smart cities, digital connectivity, and gender. In this volume, PIDS researchers explore strategies for leveraging digital technologies to achieve inclusive socioeconomic development. The Institute aspires that the analyses in this book will inform discussions and the national strategic direction on seizing opportunities and addressing challenges in the digital sector to enable the Philippines reach its full potential as a frontrunner in the digital economy.
Revisiting Metropolitan Governance: Improving the Delivery of Urban Services through Inter-LGU Cooperation
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Ballesteros Marife , Mercado Elmer , Rodil-Ocampo Amillah , Ramos Tatum , Lorenzo Pauline Joy , Ancheta Jenica
Published: August 2024

Interlocal cooperation has long been promoted in the Philippines to address the resource limitations of local government units; however, there is a lack of discussion on how it can efficiently deliver urban services. This study aims to investigate cooperation models in the delivery of critical urban services by evaluating the management structure, financing strategies, sustainability, and issues/challenges of the interlocal arrangement in relation to operationalization. It focuses on answering the following policy questions: (1) what forms of interlocal cooperation have been utilized in the delivery of urban services; (2) how has interlocal cooperation improved the delivery of urban services; and (3) how can interlocal cooperation work better and be sustained given the decentralized nature of local politics. A closer look through findings from desk reviews and interviews is given to solid waste management and healthcare since they have been identified as services wherein cooperation among LGUs is extensively developed. Reforms are then proposed to improve the effectiveness of interlocal cooperation in efficiently delivering urban services.
Does FTA Import Utilization Enhance Firm Performance? An Assessment of the Philippine Manufacturing Sector
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Moreno Neil Irwin , Quimba Francis Mark , Andrada Abigail
Published: August 2024

This study assessed how utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) in imports affects the performance of Philippine manufacturing firms. It used recent developments in differences-in-differences (DID) estimation with multiple time periods and variations in treatment timing. This DID method was applied to a rich Philippine microdata set that integrates the annual firm surveys/censuses with import transaction data. The empirical analysis reveals that the FTA import utilization effects varied across different groups and periods; some estimates did not have the expected signs. Overall, productivity gains were limited for importers who started to use FTAs. However, the productivity losses observed from quitting FTA use suggest potential long-run productivity gains obtained by consistent FTA users. The results also confirm the trade-facilitating effects of FTAs, as FTA starters consistently experienced substantial import growth. Meanwhile, quitting use only generated short-term adverse effects on firm imports, implying that some importers might have eventually increased their imports from non-FTA partners. Among others, policymakers must prioritize easing FTA procedures, intensifying firm support mechanisms, and improving data access and monitoring. The country’s ongoing effort in monitoring import surges could also be leveraged to identify sectors that heavily rely on imported intermediate inputs. This could facilitate their participation and upgrading in global value chains.
Subnational Infrastructure Development and Internal Migration in the Philippines
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Navarro Adoracion
Published: August 2024

Making a comprehensive comparison of subnational levels of infrastructure development in the Philippines is difficult due to the uneven availability of data on infrastructure indicators across geo-political areas. This study shows this is possible at the regional level by developing a demonstration composite subnational infrastructure development index. The study constructed a regional infrastructure development index by picking indicators based on representativeness in the infrastructure subsectors and the uniform availability of data across regions. It also presents one useful application of the index: analyzing the link between subnational infrastructure development and internal migration through a Poisson regression. It then uses the Balik Probinsya Bagong Pag-asa Program, a program engineering the return migration of low-income Filipino families from cities to provinces, to illustrate the usefulness of the regression results in conducting an evidence-based policy analysis. The relationships established through econometric regression and the trends in inter-regional migration show that migration is a phenomenon. Filipino migrants vote with their feet based on demographic and economic factors, including the level of infrastructure development in their origin and destination. Engineering the return to destinations that Filipino migrants left in the first place does not guarantee that they will stay there, given the determinant demographic and economic factors. The resources spent on such engineering can be used instead for programs that minimize spatial development inequities, such as by improving infrastructure to attract investments and jobs.
Where Have the Workers Gone since the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Epetia Ma. Christina , Ocbina John Joseph , Librero Kimberly
Published: August 2024

This study seeks to investigate how labor markets in the Philippines responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by decomposing the change in average annual hours of work per person and analyzing the extent of reallocation across occupations, sectors, classes of work, and nature of work. It finds that the declining average work hours before the pandemic was primarily due to the extensive margin. However, the huge fall in work hours in the first year of the pandemic is attributed to the intensive margin to a larger extent and the extensive margin to a lesser degree. Although work hours moderately increased later into the pandemic, the larger contribution of the change occurring at the intensive margin persisted. The same implication can be observed even when the difference in average hours of work is examined by gender and age group, except for the old age bracket among women, where the change at the extensive margin consistently dominated the difference in average hours of work. Furthermore, lower reallocations across occupations and sectors were seen during the pandemic, contrasting the spike in reallocations in developed countries. That is, labor markets in the Philippines appear to be less dynamic in the face of huge economic shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Although higher reallocation across work classes was observed for women during the pandemic, this was due to the rising employment shares of paid and unpaid family workers. Higher reallocation across the nature of work is also associated with the increasing share of short-term employment. With limited social safety nets that protect worker income amid economic shocks, there appears to be little leeway for workers to adjust in the labor market. Workers and households should be adequately supported to protect their income and welfare, especially during economic downturns.