bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible Opacity of M Dwarfs and Hot Jupiters: The TiO B
3Π−X
3Δ Band System
Authors: Doug Cameron W. , Bernath Peter
Published: February 2022

The TiO B
3Π − X
3Δ electronic transition (

γ

′

system) is an important opacity source in the atmospheres of M dwarfs and hot Jupiter exoplanets. The 0–0, 1–0, and 2–1 bands of the B
3Π − X
3Δ band system have been analyzed using a TiO emission spectrum recorded at the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, operated by the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak, Arizona. Improved spectroscopic and equilibrium constants were determined. Line strengths were calculated from an ab initio transition-dipole moment function scaled using an experimental lifetime. A new line list for

v
′
=
0
–
2

and v″ = 0–4 of the B
3Π − X
3Δ band system is provided.
New Results from the Spectral Observations of Solar Coronal Type II Radio Bursts
Authors: Ramesh R. , Kathiravan C. , Natarajan S. Surya
Published: February 2022

We carried out a statistical study of twenty-six type II radio bursts from the Sun observed with the Gauribidanur Low-frequency Solar Spectrograph in the frequency range 85–35 MHz during the period 2009–2019. Our results indicate that the average instantaneous bandwidth of the type II bursts in the above frequency range correlates with the angular width of the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The correlation coefficient is ≈71%. This independently indicates that the coronal type II bursts reported in this work are mostly due to shocks driven by the CMEs. Moreover, it also suggests that the instantaneous bandwidth of the bursts could be due to electron acceleration (leading to type II bursts) occurring simultaneously at multiple locations of differing electron densities (i.e., plasma frequencies) along the shock surrounding the CME.
Influence of tradition in creating signatures of cultural identity in product design
Authors: Zdravkova Ana
Published: February 2022

The goal of this master thesis is to research and develop a methodology for adaptable reconstruction of specific aspects from traditional Macedonian objects, in order to obtain inspiration for new designer products. The new products, either through their appearance or their functionality, will strive to maintain the cultural aspects, in order to enable a stronger relationship with the end users.
The main focus of this master thesis is the conducted research to find which design elements and principles are authentic for the Macedonian handcrafted objects and how to implement them in contemporary industrial design and infuse them with the recognizable traditional values. The aim is to extract a general overview of forms by analysing functional objects, while recognizing the elements and principles from decorative items that have the highest cultural alue. Both types of objects add up to the feeling of identity in a time when design trends, aesthetics and functionalities are adopted from global trends overthrowing the local ones.
In the making of this master thesis contemporary methods and procedures are applied. First, an verview of scientific literature will be made in the fields of aesthetics that cover the application and meaning of elements and principles in design, and their influence on design aesthetics. At the same time an overview of the influence of tradition in other cultures will be made, as well as the contribution of tradition in elevating the emotional value of products.
The final goal of this thesis is the formation of a methodology or a strategy that will be used to xtract visual characteristics of Macedonian traditional objects and explore its applications in modern design products with recognizable Macedonian cultural and traditional attributes. A selection of traditional examples has been made and has been sorted in a few categories. Through observation of the examples, the collected data has been categorized by identifying the characteristic forms, colours, tones, textures and materials. The forms are reinterpreted by applying principle of deconstructivism. The end result of this phase is a base of characteristic elements (form, colour, tones, textures and materials) and characteristic principles (composition, rhythm, balance, simplicity, achieving unity, etc.), which carry the visual recognisability in acedonian tradition. And finally, this base is applied as an inspiration toolset for designing specific products, whose visual characteristics reflect upon the recognisability of Macedonian culture and identity.
Caractériser l’offre en espaces végétalisés au sein des villes européennes
Authors: Coisnon Thomas , Musson Anne , Rousselière Damien
Published: February 2022

Les espaces végétalisés urbains génèrent des externalités positives en matière d’environnement, de santé et d’attractivité des villes. Il importe aux scientifiques comme aux décideurs politiques de disposer de mesures pertinentes pour évaluer l’impact des espaces végétalisés sur différents facteurs environnementaux, sociaux ou économiques. À partir des données d’occupation du sol Corine Land Cover pour 75 villes européennes, nous proposons une typologie des villes s’appuyant sur une Analyse Factorielle Multiple suivie d’une Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique. Nous mobilisons ensuite des données sur les surfaces arborées ( Street Tree Layer ) pour affiner notre caractérisation de l’offre en espaces végétalisés urbains. Nos résultats montrent que pour certaines villes, les espaces agricoles et forestiers peuvent largement contribuer à l’offre végétalisée et que la mobilisation d’indicateurs variés, reflétant notamment l’abondance et la fragmentation des espaces végétalisés, met en avant une hétérogénéité entre les villes. Classification JEL  : R14, R52, Q26, Q57.
Un dispositif d’évaluation formative avec les TICE pour développer les compétences rédactionnelles et assurer la congruence en formation à l’enseignement
Authors: Biemar Sandrine , Collard Anne , De Grove Kathleen , Fischer Line , Mele Guillaume
Published: February 2022

Cet article présente un dispositif d’évaluation formative qui entend permettre aux étudiants universitaires-futurs enseignants, de comprendre les attentes des formateurs sur le plan des contenus et des exigences rédactionnelles. Le dispositif est décrit et analysé à partir des représentations des étudiants-futurs enseignants recueillies par questionnaires à trois moments. Les résultats révèlent que ces étudiants et les formateurs ont une perception différente du feedback mais aussi des buts poursuivis et qu’une clarification des attentes est donc nécessaire. L’intention des étudiants-futurs enseignants de transférer cette pratique dans leur classe est également rapportée.
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a feed for beef cattle: a hedonic pricing model
Authors: Drewery M.L. , Liu X. , Wickersham T.A.
Published: February 2022

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) have potential to be utilised as livestock feed. Cattle, specifically, may be an ideal market for BSFL due to their specialised digestive physiology and the size of the cattle feeding industry. Currently, however, the market value of BSFL as cattle feed is unknown. This creates a critical limitation to evaluating the feasibility of BSFL as feed and deters the insect rearing industry from pursuing cattle as a potential outlet for products. Accordingly, the objective of our study was to predict the market value of BSFL as a nutrient source for cattle. To achieve this, we developed a hedonic model that established a quantitative relationship between the nutrient content of 13 conventional cattle feeds and their mean quarterly price. The model was then used to estimate the market value of BSFL based on its nutrient composition (94% dry matter, 109% total digestible nutrients, 38% crude protein, 35% ether extract, 10% ash). Using the Chicago market and 2021-U.S. dollar values, we predicted the price of BSFL for the cattle feed market to be $312.30±4.90/short ton, which was greater than the actual market price of all feeds included in our analysis. Significant drivers of price in our model were total digestible nutrients (P≤0.01) and crude protein (P≤0.05); with all else held constant, each additional unit of total digestible nutrients was valued at $4.08 and each additional unit of crude protein at $4.68. These data provide insights into the economic value of BSFL as a cattle feed and indicate that, to optimise market value of BSFL as cattle feed, rearing processes increasing total digestible nutrient and crude protein content should be developed.
Entire positive $ k $-convex solutions to $ k $-Hessian type equations and systems
Authors: Bai Shuangshuang , Zhang Xuemei , Feng Meiqiang
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the existence of entire positive solutions for the $ k $-Hessian type equation

   \begin{document}$ {\rm S}_k(D^2u+\alpha I) = p(|x|)f^k(u), \ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^n $\end{document}

and system

   \begin{document}$ \begin{cases} {\rm S}_k(D^2u+\alpha I) = p(|x|)f^k(v), \ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^n, \\ {\rm S}_k(D^2v+\alpha I) = q(|x|)g^k(u), \ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^n, \end{cases} $\end{document}

where $ D^2u $ is the Hessian of $ u $ and $ I $ denotes unit matrix. The arguments are based upon a new monotone iteration scheme.
Spatio-temporal Distribution of Suicide Risk in Iran: A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of Repeated Cross-sectional Data
Authors: Hashemi Nazari Seyed  Saeed , Mansori Kamyar , Nazari Kangavari Hajar , Shojaei Ahmad , Arsang-Jang Shahram
Published: February 2022

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the space-time distribution of the risk of suicide mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2016.Methods: In this repeated cross-sectional study, the age-standardized risk of suicide mortality from 2006 to 2016 was determined. To estimate the cumulative and temporal risk, the Besag, York, and Mollié and Bernardinelli models were used.Results: The relative risk of suicide mortality was greater than 1 in 43.0% of Iran’s provinces (posterior probability >0.8; range, 0.46 to 3.93). The spatio-temporal model indicated a high risk of suicide in 36.7% of Iran’s provinces. In addition, significant upward temporal trends in suicide risk were observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, Kermanshah, and Gilan. A significantly decreasing pattern of risk was observed for men (β, -0.013; 95% credible interval [CrI], -0.010 to -0.007), and a stable pattern of risk was observed for women (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.010 to 0.007). A decreasing pattern of suicide risk was observed for those aged 15-29 years (β, -0.006; 95% CrI, -0.010 to -0.0001) and 30-49 years (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.018 to -0.002). The risk was stable for those aged >50 years.Conclusions: The highest risk of suicide mortality was observed in Iran’s northwestern provinces and among Kurdish women. Although a low risk of suicide mortality was observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and Gilan, the risk in these provinces is increasing rapidly compared to other regions.
Politika perverzije: rasizirana razlika in skupno dobro
Authors: Zevnik Andreja
Published: February 2022

Ko so v Bristolu junija 2020 protirasistični protestniki prevrnili kip Edwarda Colstona, so politične elite vzdolž celotnega političnega spektra levo-desno, kljub pripoznanju, da kip trgovca s sužnji ne sme imeti svojega mesta v sodobni politiki, pozvale k odločni uveljavitvi zakona in reda. Članek skozi primer Colstonovega kipa raziskuje, kaj nam lahko Lacanova ideja perverzije razkrije glede razmerja moči med političnimi elitami in protirasističnimi protestniki. Uvodoma razpravlja o nemožnosti etike v kontekstu političnega, nato pa se posveti vprašanju užitka in njegove vloge pri ustvarjanju rasiziranega drugega in političnih institucij (ter mitov o belski nadvladi). Če je užitek drugega tisto, kar drugega rasizira kot deviantnega, pa je užitek perverzneža razosebljen užitek, ki  naj bi sledil »višjemu dobru«. Na ta način članek trdi, da perverzija razkriva logiko rasnih hierarhij, ki podpirajo in ohranjajo sodobne družbe.
Online Course Design Using VoiceThread with TPACK Model to Enhance English Speaking Skills for Non-native Learners
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi Thanh , Takashi Yukawa
Published: February 2022

Abstract –Learning English as a foreign language (EFL) and computer technology are two fundamental skills for learners majoring computer science and control engineering not only for the use in academic fields but also for the means of communication worldwide. Among language skills, speaking is a core output element that all learners wish to achieve. This research looked into TPACK (Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge) model with an aim to de-sign an online English speaking course for non-English majored learners using VoiceThread as an instrument. Twelve Japanese students participated in the study over 12 weeks. The researcher used internal-service speaking criteria and a self-designed course satisfaction questionnaire based on TPACK model dimensions to collect quantitative data analyzed by R-studio software. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed by content analysis from interviews. The results of this study were discussed in terms of the learners’ progress as well as their satisfaction and the perceptions about using VoiceThread via Zoom and Google Classroom online learning platforms. The TPACK model suggested an effective teaching approach for teachers that can enhance non-native learners’ English speaking performance
Awareness of Cultural Approach in Engineering Teaching by Lecturers: A Literature Review
Authors: Nguyen Tien Long , Do Thi Minh Trang , Pham Son Van
Published: February 2022

This study uncovers key findings in awareness of cultural approach in engineering teaching by lecturers. A testing-based analysis five selection criteria, twenty-six quality articles were evaluated. Thematic analysis methods are used to analyze and identify key findings. The findings indicate that students' regional cultural background and significant differences in their academic perceptions are valued by lecturers. The results of the article emphasize the view that engineering cultural education is expressed through beliefs, values and assumptions, overcoming differences in expertise and institutions. The findings show that culturally limited understanding of engineering education in current educational institutions is a major challenge. Lecturers believe that the university admissions, students' persistence and multicultural competency can be enhanced when lecturers are interested in cultural differences. The support of colleagues and educational institutions will help lecturers implement cultural approach in teaching. Eleven findings from this study should be used to guide lecturer career development initiatives and improve the effectiveness of education by cultural approach teaching method.
Application of Online Learning within Education of Future Engineers during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Seryakova Svetlana Bronislavovna , Zhang Xiaowen , Galustyan Olga Vladimirovna , Askhadullina Nailya Nurgayanovna , Pushkareva Tatyana Vladimirovna , Zvonova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to application of online learning within education of future engineers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Online learning challenges traditional education mode due to the rapid development of modern information technologies. The problem of online education is relevant in connection with the urgent transfer of education to the online format during the COVID-19 pandemic. Application of online learning within engineering education meets the needs of new social situation, it provides updating teaching mode, teaching content, teaching concept, teaching level, and testing means. Online learning is characterized by the changes of teacher's role, student's status, media's role, and teaching process. The authors conclude that practical applicability of data visualization combined within online education of future engineers leads to the development of their professional competence. Application of online learning provides new tools for engineering teaching and becomes an important force for improving future engineers’ knowledge, skills and learning efficiency.
A Cognitive Style Based Framework for Usability Evaluation of Online Lecturing Platforms – A Case Study on Zoom and Teams
Authors: Ismail Heba , Khelifi Adel , Harous Saad
Published: February 2022

Recently, Zoom and Microsoft Teams have emerged as the most common tools for lecturing activities in higher education institutions. The fact that these platforms were not originally developed for educational purposes resulted in a significant reduction in learning effectiveness, especially in STEM subjects that require a lot of practical knowledge. Despite the enhancements and updates made to these platforms, they have failed to meet the learning effectiveness criteria. A major hindering to learning effectiveness on such systems can be traced not only to the absence of learning-related features but also to their usability. In this research, we propose a framework for evaluating the usability of online lecturing platforms. The proposed framework introduces a new set of heuristics that are specifically designed for lecturing activities and considers VAK learning styles. Since students with different learning styles learn differently, we developed the first cognitive style-based usability heuristics that can reliably assess the usability of online learning environments for various types of learners. We present a case study that uses the suggested evaluation framework to assess the usability of Zoom and Teams in higher education lecturing activities. The findings of this study, however, can be applied to almost any online lecture platform.
Development of an Ethnomathematics-Based e-Module to Improve Students’ Metacognitive Ability in 3D Geometry Topic
Authors: Sutarto  , Muzaki‬ Ahmad , Hastuti Intan Dwi , Fujiaturrahman Sukron , Untu Zainuddin
Published: February 2022

Since the Covid 19 Pandemic by the end of 2020, the learning process has shifted from school to online home-based- learning.  Several technologies are applied for enabling students’ participation. Technology-based learning needs to be designed to be attractive and integrated with local culture. The present study developed a valid, practical, and effective Sasak ethnomathematics based- e-Module. The e-Module was mainly designed to improve students' metacognitive abilities. The study used development research using a 4D development model consisting of four categories: defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The research was conducted in one of the elementary schools in West Lombok. Ten students of grade five and 30 students of grade six were selected for large-scale trials. The validity test showed that the ethnomathematics-based- e-Module was highly feasible to be used as a learning resource with an average score of 3.65. The analysis of students’ responses from the questionnaire showed that the E-Modul fell into the practical category with a practicality percentage of 89%. The results of data analysis using independent sample T-Test showed that the T-test value was 0.00 < 0.05, thus the results of the study revealed a significant difference. Overall, the ethnomathematics-based- e-Module was valid, practical, and effective for improving students' metacognitive abilities on spatial material. The students can access the e-Module via smartphones or laptops, allowing them to remotely without time restrictions
Seamless Learning Model with Enhanced Web-Quizzing in the Higher Education Setting
Authors: Mykytiuk Svitlana , Moroz Tetiana , Mykytiuk Serhii , Moroz Mykola , Dolgusheva Olga
Published: February 2022

The research studied the effectiveness of a three-stage Seamless Learning Model with Enhanced Web-Quizzing based on the intensive use of sets of quizzes created in different web-based quiz generators. The findings revealed  that continuous testing using diagnostic, formative, benchmark and summative quizzes, administered at the three stages - familiarisation, formation and assessment, applying such features of seamless learning as learning in various contexts, ubiquitous access to digital learning resources and quizzes, combination of teacher-guided learning, self-directed and collaborative learning, and switching between various learning activities can be an efficient teaching technique in higher education having positive effect on academic performance, motivation, learners’ approaches to studying and course engagement. The testing effect was investigated on the summative tests taken at the end of the three different academic courses. The results showed that online quizzes applied primarily as learning tools with the emphasis on information retrieval and retention resulted in the higher achievements of the experimental group students. The survey conducted with Biggs’s Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) showed the changes in the learners’ motives and approaches to studying revealed in students’ active participation in in-class and out-of-class activities, mastering of the material through understanding rather than mechanical memorizing, the search for additional information and increased attendance. The engagement of the experimental group students in the new quiz-enhanced settings was examined focusing on emotional, skills, participation and performance engagement aspects.
Le Corp(u)s habité de Poussin
Authors: Olson Todd P.
Published: February 2022

Le Groupe de nymphes de Nicolas Poussin (Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum) est une esquisse tirée d’un bas-relief antique représentant des divinités marines. Au verso, on trouve un fragment de prescription médicale décrivant un traitement contre la syphilis, ou morbus gallicus. Les origines inconnues de ce mal francese dont la pandémie a envahi l’Italie du xvie siècle ont inspiré à des auteurs comme Fracastoro dans son poème Syphilis une épidémiologie caractérisée par un diagnostic, et un traitement, issus de la mythologie gréco-romaine. La maladie apparaissait comme une habitation du corps humain par une forme serpentine invisible, la sensation de douleur étant ainsi associée à l’expérience haptique exprimée dans le poème de Jacques Sadolet sur la découverte du Laocoon. Poussin a exploré la représentation de la contagion externe et de l’affliction interne à travers deux peintures : La Peste d’Asdod (musée du Louvre) et Le Martyr de saint Érasme (musées du Vatican). À rebours des spécialistes qui, suivant les propos d’Aby Warburg, parlent de survivance (nachleben) d’un passé païen, cet article analyse les œuvres de Poussin à la lumière des propos de Jean Seznec, dans La Survivance des dieux antiques (1939), sur l’ambivalence de la première modernité vis-à-vis de l’Antiquité.
Une expérience de l’espace dans l’histoire culturelle : Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897)
Authors: Griener Pascal
Published: February 2022

Jacob Burckhardt a développé une approche historique qui accorde à l’espace une importance cardinale. Peu intéressé par l’histoire événementielle, le savant de Bâle était fasciné par l’espace urbain des cités italiennes de la Renaissance, théâtres où les habitants se donnaient en représentation. Il alla jusqu’à faciliter l’acquisition d’œuvres liturgiques catholiques propres à orner l’église des franciscains de Bâle, pour redonner à l’édifice un décor tel qu’il existait avant l’iconoclasme de la Réforme. Mais c’est au contact des Sacri Monti de l’Italie du Nord que l’historien de l’art sut apprécier un art renaissant peu connu, qui faisait appel à un réalisme puissant, et qui sollicitait l’investissement conjoint de tous les arts. D’abord considérés comme des manifestations tardives et bâtardes de la Renaissance, les Sacri Monti furent graduellement appréciés par Burckhardt, qui reconnut leur valeur pour une histoire culturelle de l’espace aux xve et xvie siècles.
Museum of Modern Art, 1944 : l’habit selon l’architecte Bernard Rudofsky
Authors: Hammen Émilie
Published: February 2022

En novembre 1944, le Museum of Modern Art de New York ouvre l’exposition « Are Clothes Modern? » C’est la première fois que l’institution s’interroge sur le vêtement et sur sa faculté à intégrer l’inventaire des pratiques et objets qu’elle s’attache alors à qualifier de modernes. Son commissaire, Bernard Rudofsky, est un architecte viennois tout juste rentré aux États-Unis. Animé par différents courants intellectuels des avant-gardes européennes, il poursuit les réflexions portant sur la réforme vestimentaire, forgées en Europe, de l’Angleterre à l’Allemagne, au cœur du musée américain. S’il convient de commenter ce déplacement, caractéristique de l’histoire de l’art moderne, cet article souhaite replacer l’événement au sein d’une historiographie de la mode. Entre industrie et musée, la contribution originale de l’architecte se fonde sur une assimilation de l’habit à l’habitat et dessine un ancrage théorique fécond pour une mode américaine qui s’affirme tout juste face à la couture parisienne.
Habiter le Grand Paris : trois essais photographiques pour inventer un imaginaire partagé
Authors: Bertho Raphaële , Martouzet Denis
Published: February 2022

L’émergence de l’entité du Grand Paris ces dix dernières années semble avoir, en retour, légitimé un questionnement sur les manières d’habiter, d’investir tant matériellement que symboliquement et affectivement ce territoire métropolitain issu d’une histoire contrastée. Des artistes photographes sont sollicités pour esquisser une représentation des identités territoriales bousculées par cette expansion symbolique, dans une dynamique marquée par des travaux développés suivant le principe de la participation des habitants, caractéristiques du social turn récent. Le corpus étudié ici est représentatif de ce courant contemporain de la fin des années 2010. Par-delà les spécificités de trois écritures photographiques, il s’agit de questionner ce type de dispositif créatif, les manières dont il révèle la construction et/ou la persistance d’un habiter de banlieue perturbé ou réactivé par l’invention du Grand Paris et, plus largement, comment il soulève des enjeux aux confins du social, de l’action publique et de l’esthétique.
La mise en lumière du conflit humain-goéland et sa gestion en France
Authors: Paulet Matiline , Bioret Frédéric
Published: February 2022

En France, l’augmentation de l’effectif des goélands argentés et leucophées au XXe siècle sur le littoral atlantique et le littoral méditerranéen (Larus argentatus ; Larus michahellis) s’accompagne de leur expansion hors de leur site d’origine et d’une nidification dans les milieux urbains. Elle entraîne des conflits entre l’être humain et l’oiseau, d’abord avec les gestionnaires des espaces naturels et les conchyliculteurs puis avec les citadins qui se plaignent des nids sur leurs toits. Dans les années 1990, les municipalités mettent en place des dispositifs de gestion afin de contrôler le nombre de goélands en ville. L’article s’intéresse à la manière dont s’est construit ce « problème goéland » en France. Il étudie comment le goéland protégé par la loi et apprécié des habitants est devenu un oiseau contrôlé et régulé, considéré gênant et envahissant par les scientifiques et les citadins. Il s’agit de comprendre l’évolution des représentations du goéland et d’analyser comment les scientifiques, les gestionnaires et les municipalités se sont saisis de cette dynamique de populations de l’oiseau et de ces conflits entre humains et animaux. L’article permet de souligner l’importance de développer des recherches sur les communautés hybrides, constituées d’humains et de non-humains, afin que puissent coexister durablement sur un même territoire les Hommes et les goélands (Gramaglia, 2010).
Évaluer l’impact d’un changement d’échelle sur la durabilité des services d’eau : la méthode ABAFAD
Authors: Brochet  Antoine , Wittner Christophe
Published: February 2022

L’enjeu de durabilité des services d’eau est désormais bien identifié par la littérature et fait l’objet de politiques publiques spécifiques. Pour autant, si un certain nombre d’outils proposent de rendre compte du caractère durable de la gestion d’un service, très peu de méthodologies offrent la possibilité d’évaluer l’impact des enjeux à venir. Or, du fait des caractéristiques sociotechniques des services d’eau potable, ces enjeux (renouvellement du patrimoine, normes environnementales, sécurisation de l’approvisionnement en eau, et cetera) apparaissent déterminants. Nous formalisons ici une méthode théorico-empirique baptisée "ABAFAD" qui propose d’évaluer l’impact de ces enjeux sur l’acceptabilité sociale du prix de l’eau et suivant deux hypothèses : celle d’une fragmentation de l’organisation administrative des services d’eau, et celle d’une mutualisation. Nous cherchons alors à répondre à la question suivante : comment le changement d’échelle de gestion permettrait d’améliorer la durabilité des services d’eau ?
Globalité des savoirs des pêcheurs artisans dans l’appréhension des changements de l’environnement marin.
Authors: Mbaye Adama
Published: February 2022

Cet article documente et analyse la nature des savoirs traditionnels des pêcheurs artisans sénégalais dans leur appréhension des risques dus aux changements de l’environnement marins. A partir d’entretiens individuels et de groupe auprès de pêcheurs de la communauté guet-ndarienne, il montre que les pêcheurs interprètent ou prédisent la survenue de variations ou de changements sur les paramètres environnementaux tels l’état de la mer, la houle, le vent, la pluie, la nature des fonds, les espèces en présence à partir d’indicateurs reposant sur le mouvement apparent des astres, le comportement des arbres ou des animaux (marins ou terrestres), le goût, la couleur ou la forme de certains éléments de leur environnement. Ces modes d’appréhension de l’environnement marin des pêcheurs fondés sur leurs savoirs empiriques pourraient être soumis à l’expérimentation et la validation scientifique et, à l’issue de recherches futures, venir renforcer la connaissance général sur les mécanismes d’alerte et de réduction des risques dus aux changements climatiques, notamment auprès de certaines communautés côtières ouest-africaines.
La Nouvelle-Calédonie face à ses déchets. Quel modèle de gestion des déchets pour les territoires insulaires?
Authors: Rocher Laurence , Garcier Romain , Ortar Nathalie , Pestaña Gilles , Hird Myra
Published: February 2022

Bien que la question des déchets ne domine pas les préoccupations environnementales, politiques et sociales en Nouvelle-Calédonie, elle connaît de profondes transformations depuis une quinzaine d’années. Ces transformations sont menées au nom d’une puissante rhétorique de “modernisation”, qui vise à rationaliser la gestion des déchets en vertu d’un modèle très largement inspiré de la France métropolitaine. L’article montre que cette rationalisation prend la forme d’une normalisation institutionnelle, infrastructurelle et comportementale, qui vise à répondre à des impératifs sanitaires et environnementaux. Nous argumentons que le modèle modernisateur repose sur une certaine vision de la mobilité des déchets et de la “circularisation” de l’économie. L’introduction du recyclage en particulier, est emblématique de ce modèle et en révèle les limites. Plusieurs cas relatifs à l’économie du recyclage montrent la difficulté à mettre les déchets en mouvement. L’analyse, qui propose un regard critique sur les modèles modernisateurs dans le domaine des déchets et leur réplication indifféremment des contextes, invite à prêter une attention plus systémique à la génération des déchets d’une part, et d’autre part aux facteurs qui déterminent leur devenir et leur circulation dans des contextes insulaires.
Investigation of the Operational Durability of High Pressure Metal Hoses Made of Austenitic Steels
Authors: Ivanov Vitaliy , Lavrova Elena , Il’yaschenko Dmitriy P. , Morgay Fedor , Solidor Natalia
Published: February 2022

The reasons for the decrease in the operational resistance of high-pressure metal hoses made of austenitic steels are considered. The main cause of damage to metal high-pressure hoses was revealed, namely, the low performance of the metal protective braiding under the influence of an unfavorable environment. It has been established in the work that in the initial state the wire made of AISI 201 steel has a high strength (σ0.2= 1370 MPa and σT= 1650 MPa) and has relatively low plastic characteristics (δ = 15 % и ψ = 40 %), since up to 40–60% deformation martensite is present in its structure. The resistance of steels of the austenitic class AISI 201 and AISI 316 to intergranular corrosion has been investigated. The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical and plastic properties of wire samples of ø made of AISI 201 steel has been investigated. Optimal heat treatment modes have been determined that increase the durability of the braid in an unfavorable environment and, consequently, the operational durability of metal hoses in general.
Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Limiters on the Change in the Structure Formation of Deposited Multilayer Specimens from Steel AISI 308LSi
Authors: Chinakhov Dmitry А. , Akimov K.O. , Dubrovskiy A.S. , Rzaev E.D.
Published: February 2022

The work investigated the effect of thermal limiters on the distribution of heat in the product and the formation of the structure of multilayer samples made of stainless steel AISI 308LSi deposited by electric arc welding in argon. It was found that as a result of the formation of products using thermal limiters, the high temperature regions deepen towards the substrate. It was revealed that the greatest effect of thermal limiters is observed in the central parts of the products. An increase in the fraction of γ-Fe is observed, which is confirmed by the dissolution of the dendritic axes of δ-Fe, in the sample obtained using thermal limiters. The obtained results confirm the prospects for producing multilayer products with increased mechanical properties by the method of electric arc welding using thermal limiters.
The Residual Stress Modeling in Surface Plastic Deformation Machining Processes with the Metal Hardening Effect Consideration
Authors: Makhalov Maxim S. , Blumenstein V.Yu.
Published: February 2022

The metal workpiece Surface Layer (SL) Residual Stresses (RS) modeling and computational algorithms creation relevance is shown. The RS forming discrete elastoplastic finite element model at Surface Plastic Deformation (SPD) hardening treatment, including technological inheritance effect, is presented. A model feature is the complex non-monotonic types of metal loading and subsequent unloading and hardened body effect consideration, as well as residual stress tensor components evaluation as a result of these effects. Residual stress tensor components calculations in the workpiece hardened surface layer after treatment with different routines are performed. The metal hardening effect on the residual stresses values and distribution is established. The correlations between the residual stress tensor components and the main treatment routine parameters - the roller tension and profile radius are established.
Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)
Authors: Koeppel Katja N. , Geertsma Peter , Kuhn Brian F. , Van Schalkwyk Ockert L. , Thompson Peter N.
Published: February 2022

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two trials were carried out to investigate antibody responses to the oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG® in black-backed jackals under captive and free-ranging conditions. In captive jackals 10/12 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52% – 98%), seroconverted after single oral vaccination. Nine captive jackals had protective antibody titres ( 0.5 IU/mL) at 4 weeks (median: 2.1 IU/mL; inter quartile range [IQR]: 0.6–5.7) and 10 jackals had at 12 weeks (median: 3.5 IU/mL; IQR: 1.5–8.3) and three maintained antibody titres for up to 48 weeks (median: 3.4 IU/mL; IQR: 2.0–6.3). Four sites were baited with Raboral V-RG® vaccine for wild jackals, using fishmeal polymer and chicken heads. Baits were distributed by hand or from vehicle at three sites in north-eastern South Africa, with an average baiting density of 4.4 baits/km2 and at one site in central South Africa, at 0.12 baits/km2. This resulted in protective antibody titres in 3/11 jackals (27%; 95% Cl: 6–61) trapped between 3 and 12 months after baiting in north-eastern South Africa, compared with 4/7 jackals (57%; 95% Cl: 18–90) trapped after 3–18 months in central South Africa. This study shows the potential utility of oral rabies vaccination for the control of wildlife-associated rabies in north-eastern and central South Africa, but extensive studies with wider distribution of bait are needed to assess its potential impact on rabies control in wild jackals.
A Multiplex PCR assay for a differential diagnostic of rickettsiosis, Lyme disease and scrub typhus
Authors: Peniche-Lara Gaspar , Moo-Salazar Isamara , Dzul-Rosado Karla
Published: February 2022

Background & objectives: Coexistence of tick-borne diseases in some regions in Latin America makes the diagnosis difficult due to shared initial signs and symptoms. Rickettsiosis, Lyme disease and recently, scrub typhus are gaining more importance. The objective of this study is to develop a multiplex-PCR assay for a differential diagnosis of rickettsiosis, Lyme disease and scrub typhus.

Methods: By using bibliographic and bioinformatic analysis, we identify candidate regions to perform the multiplex- PCR assay for Rickettsia sp., Borrelia burgdorferi and Orientia tsutsugamushi as well as identify optimal melting temperature and sensibility analysis.

Results: We identified specific primer pairs for Rickettsia sp, Borrelia burgdorferi and Orientia tsutsugamushi with different PCR fragment length but a common melting temperature, 58°C.

Interpretation & conclusion: We successfully developed a Multiplex PCR assay for differential diagnosis of rickettsiosis, Lyme disease and scrub typhus that could be a rapid and easy option in clinical and epidemiological practice.
Role of TGF-β1 and PDGF-B in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Eastern Anatolia Region in Turkey
Authors: Cinislioğlu Nazan , Özkan Halil , Aşkın Seda , Yılmaz Sinan , Kızıltunç Ahmet , Özden Kemalettin
Published: February 2022

Background & objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum TGF-β1 and PDGF-B levels with the pathogenesis, clinical course and prognosis of adult Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) patients.

Methods: 50 adult patients and 30 healthy individuals as a control group were included in the study, who were followed up and treated with the diagnosis of CCHF at the Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic, between March 2017 and September 2019 in Eastern Anatolia Region in Turkey. Blood samples were taken from patients on the first day of their hospitalization and on the sixth day of their complaints. TGF-β1 and serum PDGF-B levels were studied by ELISA method using commercial kits, from serum samples taken from CCHF patient group and individuals in healthy control group and stored at -80°C.

Results: While the serum TGF- β1 levels of patients with CCHF were found to be significantly higher on the sixth day of their complaints compared to the first day of hospitalization (42.33 ± 15.42, 28.40 ± 7.06, p = 0.001, respectively), the serum PGDF-B levels were found to be significantly lower on the sixth day of their complaints compared to those measured on the day of hospitalization (62.14 ± 19.75, 93.96 ± 20.02, respectively, p = 0.001).

Interpretation & conclusion: Serum TGF-β1 levels are higher and PDGF-B levels are lower in CCHF patients with severe disease, indicating that serum TGF-β1 and PDGF-B play an important role in the pathogenesis of CCHF.
Effect of intense military exercise on physical proficiency and hormonal responses of soldiers
Authors: Yadav Angad , Arya Kavita , Malhari Archana , Meena Roshani , Chatterjee Tirthankar , Bhattacharyya Debojyoti , Singh Som Nath , Pal Madhusudan
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Military training activities are typically challenging and push the soldiers toward their maximum limits of capabilities to improve proficiency in real time situations. In terms of injury prevention, unit performance, and overall morale, the individual's physical capabilities must be in concert to the job demands. Hormones play an important role in regulating various physiological processes including fuel utilization by exercising muscles.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

This study was undertaken to quantify the hormonal demand of an intense military training event.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted at a military training center on 25 male healthy soldiers who had completed 11 week training. Venous blood samples were drawn before and immediately after the event.

RESULTS:

In hormonal responses, the levels of epinephrine (P < 0.001), norepinephrine (P < 0.01), cortisol (P < 0.001), serotonin (P < 0.01), and aldosterone (P < 0.001) were significantly increased while testosterone (P < 0.001) was found significantly decreased after event. The present study demonstrated that the physical proficiency training activity was highly energy demanding due to significantly increased sympathoadrenergic responses and induced a high level of acute stress due to significant reduction of testosterone. In addition to this, the significantly increased serotonergic responses indicated that the level of fatigue was high during activity.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of the present study may be helpful in screening of individuals before inducting into such intense military training activity to minimize the risk of injuries.
Effect of yogic practices on thyroid hormones
Authors: Mohan Shuchi , Pal Rameswar
Published: February 2022

The beneficial effect of Yoga on the parameters of thyroid hormone has been evaluated through the various clinical trials. Since its review has not been recorded earlier, this study has been performed to investigate the effectiveness of Yogic practices on thyroid hormones, more specifically T3, T4, and TSH. Searches were performed through February–June, 2020 using the PUBMED and GOOGLE. The keyword used for search was Yoga and thyroid or thyroid disorder. Only experimental studies were selected which were reported in English, printed in prevailed publications, and inspecting the effectiveness of the regular practice on thyroid hormones in these studies. A total of 41 studies were selected through various searches, among which 11 met criteria for the final review. Hypothyroid patients showed decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), hyperthyroid patients showed decrease in tetraidothyronine (T4), polar tri-idothyronine (T3) syndrome population also showed positive effect of Yoga. Perimenopausal women showed not so significant change in these parameters. Healthy middle-aged individuals showed increase in TSH in the male population and near significant increase in this hormone was shown in the female population, also there was decrease in basal T3 and T4 in both male and female. All these changes were in normal range. Other two studies on healthy individuals did not show any significant change in T3, T4 or TSH. 1 study was done on hypothyroid patients using hand mudra only, showed significant changes in level of these parameters. In conclusion, it may stated that yogic practice may regularize thyroid hormone functioning and improve total health.
Screening for chronic kidney disease in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Elshinnawy Howayda A. , Afifi Essam N.E. , Hanna Pemen N. , ElSharabasy Reem M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Screening is an important strategy to address the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic population. International clinical guidelines recommend CKD screening for individuals with risk factors such as diabetes using laboratory assessments of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine albumin excretion. To assess the implementation and outcomes of screening programs for CKD in type 2 diabetic patients.

Patients and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted that included 200 adult type 2 diabetic patients in Alagouza Hospital. Patients on hemodialysis and those with type 1 diabetes mellitus were excluded. Patients were screened for CKD using urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and average estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients with CKD were further investigated for extrarenal diabetic complications such as peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular complications.

Results

Overall, 55% of the studied patients were males, with a mean age of 60.09±8.55 years. Among diabetic complications, nephropathy was the most common (53%), followed by history of neuropathy (44.5%), and retinopathy evidenced in fundus examination (34.516%). History of stroke presented in 17.5% of patients. Peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and stroke history were more common in nephropathic patients compared with patients without nephropathy (62/27, 61/8, and 22/13, respectively). Patients with evidenced nephropathy who were further investigated for extrarenal diabetic complications showed peripheral vascular disease in 32.1% (34 patients), with three patients undergoing amputation. Heart failure and ischemic changes were seen in 17.9% (19 patients).

Conclusion

Screening of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus helps in early treatment and avoids its more serious complications such as progression to end-stage renal disease and other extrarenal diabetic complications.
Impact of hyperphosphatemia on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and on the inflammatory state in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease under maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: El-Shehawy El-Metwally L. , AbdEl-Salam Hassan G. , Mahmoud Ashraf T. , Ibrahim Ahmed M.A. , Mansour Ahmed E.
Published: February 2022

Background

Hyperphosphatemia can lead to detrimental effects such as cardiovascular calcification, renal osteodystrophy, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and increased mortality. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients provides information on the inflammation status, used as a marker of poor prognosis in several disorders such as malignancies, CKD, and myocardial infarction. To study the impact of hyperphosphatemia on NLR and on the inflammatory state in patients with stage 5 CKD under maintenance hemodialysis.

Patients and methods

This observational cross-sectional study was carried out in Benha University Hospitals on 100 patients on maintenance hemodialysis who were recruited and subjected to careful history, clinical examination, and NLR; serum phosphorus was done with different inflammatory markers. Patients who had significant infection, malignancy, and who had undergone parathyroidectomy were excluded.

Results

The mean±SD age of the studied group was 61.28±13.7, 40% were males. There were two (2%) with hypophosphatemia, 44 (44%) with normal phosphate, 34 (34%) with mild hyperphosphatemia, and 20 (20%) with severe hyperphosphatemia. There was high statistically significant difference between categories of serum phosphate as regards white blood cell, neutrophil, NLR, and platelets. There was high statistically significant difference between categories of serum phosphate as regards erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (CRP), and statistically significant difference as regards serum albumin and serum intact-parathyroid hormone. There was positive significant correlation between serum phosphorus and both CRP and NLR (P<0.001).

Conclusion

There is high prevalence of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. Hyperphosphatemia was associated with higher intact-parathyroid hormone, white blood cell, neutrophil, NLR, CRP, and platelets.