bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thieves, Opportunists, and Autocrats
Authors: Duvanova Dinissa
Published: July 2023

This book examines how Russia and Kazakhstan navigated the dilemmas associated with building regulatory state institutions on the ruins of the Soviet command and control system. The two nations developed predatory and wasteful crony capitalism but still improved their business climates and economic performance. To better understand these seemingly incompatible outcomes, the book advances a theory of authoritarian regulatory statehood. It argues that politicians use institutions of the state as a means to balance conflicting elite demands for economic rents and popular demands for public goods and economic growth. An effective balancing of the two prevents elite subversion and popular revolt in the short run and ensures elitesâ€™ continued access to economic rents in the long run. Empirical analysis of nearly a million national and regional regulatory documents enacted in Russia and Kazakhstan between 1990 and 2020 shows that formal regulatory institutions the autocrats built have a profound effect on economic outcomes. Moreover, at times of political vulnerability, autocracies use formal regulatory mechanisms to discipline state agencies responsible for policy implementation. By reducing capricious policy implementation by the regulatory bureaucracy, autocrats are able to reinvigorate economic performance and rebalance elite and popular interests. The theoretical argument advanced in the book links the use of institutional instruments of policy implementation to the political survival strategy. This study effectively shows that regulatory state building has emerged as an effective tool for strengthening autocratic regimes and enhancing their long-term survival.
Beyond Reason
Authors: Hitlin Steven , Andersson Matthew A.
Published: July 2023

This chapter defines dignity as a public health issue in terms of mattering and relating to others. By emphasizing how social chaos unravels social relationships, it shows how care acts as a motivation that maintains and sustains dignity. Dignity rests in the creative and emotional nature of social interaction. Despite idealistic arguments about dignity as moral calculation, rationality without emotion is not rationality at all. Moreover, because social interactions are transactional—individuals are constituted by and through social interaction—people become ends or reasons for themselves and for others, and morality orients around people and their moments rather than principles and their abstractions. Following modern neuroscience and philosophical discussions of care or mattering, dignity arguably is oriented around people and the moralities that they, in turn, orient.
The case of substitutions in adult aphasia and in typical acquisition of French
Authors: Prince Typhanie
Published: July 2023

The starting point of this chapter is Jakobson’s proposal (1968) that a parallel can be drawn between the phonological system in acquisition and aphasia. We discuss the evidence that the observation of this parallel between acquisition and speech pathology can help achieve a new definition of complexity for the architecture of the French phonological system. We explore substitution errors for place of articulations deployed by French children and adult participants with aphasia. To explain these phenomena, we argue that Element Theory can provide a direct measure of complexity and markedness. We investigate how data can furnish new points of view on Element Theory. Then we explore and evaluate this theoretical framework. We conclude that substitutions result from adjustments and parameter-setting in the underlying structure of language.
Introduction
Authors: Landy Francis
Published: July 2023

The book begins with the question of the book in antiquity. Contrary to some recent scholars, I argue that there was a concept of a book in antiquity, and that Isaiah is the product of a deliberate compositional process over several centuries. However, no book is complete; Isaiah in particular is fractured by the catastrophe, the black hole, in its midst. Similarly, I argue that it is the work of individual poets, whom I situate in their historical context; poets are distinguished by their rhythm, their voice, their capacity to surprise. Prophetic poets work in ‘alternate states of consciousness’ and are analogous to shamans. I discuss the interdependence of orality and writing, and the consequences of literacy. I conclude with a prospectus of the book, and my thesis that Deutero-Isaiah is a mirror image of Proto-Isaiah.
Depression and the Oracles About the Nations
Authors: Landy Francis
Published: July 2023

Between ch. 13 and ch. 23 of Isaiah there is a series of ‘burdens’, or oracles, about foreign nations, all of whom will be subject to destruction and, in some cases, restoration. This chapter argues that the generic title ‘burden’ is a metaphor for the experience of depression accompanying prophecy. The Oracles about the Nations are remarkable for the prophet’s grief over their fate. The chapter borrows the term ‘experimental psychosis’ from Julia Kristeva to refer to the extraordinary, often onomatopoeic, alliterations which traverse the oracles, and which she sees as signs of psychic as well as linguistic breakdown. At the centre of the series there is a brief anecdote about the prophet who is commanded to walk naked and barefoot in token of the exile of Egypt and Ethiopia, a figure of utter marginality. The chapter concludes with the final oracle about Tyre, the maritime empire complementing the terrestrial one of Babylon.
Childhood and Family Tradition
Authors: Israel Jonathan I.
Published: July 2023

This chapter provides an account of Spinoza’s parents, Michael d’Espinoza and Hannah Deborah d’Espinoza, and four siblings, the religious practices surrounding his childhood, his father’s position in the Amsterdam Sephardic community and the remarkable history of his mother’s parents and grandparents in Holland and at Antwerp. Spinoza’s relationship to his relatives Duarte Fernandes, Henrique Garces, and Uriel da Costa, is explained and the remarkable features of their lives noted. Also included in this chapter is an account of Sephardic synagogue affairs in Amsterdam as Spinoza was growing up and of its communal institutions.
Rise of a Recreational Drug
Authors: Passie Torsten
Published: July 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the early, rather unknown, phase of MDMA as a recreational drug. MDMA was first detected by scientists in a forensic laboratory in 1970, and then a few more times up until 1976. A previously unknown document of the United States DEA has been used to describe these early detections. The evidence shows that up until 1976, the distribution of MDMA was rather limited and MDMA was initially produced as a ‘legal alternative for MDA’, which had been scheduled in 1970. Mention is made of a 1970 science fiction novel by the prominent writer Stanislav Lem, which seemed to describe the effects of MDMA, as well as of new documentation suggesting that the American drug chemist Alexander Shulgin had synthesized MDMA in 1975. A description of the American drug guru Timothy Leary’s first experiences with MDMA in 1978 is also given. There were two ‘hotspots’ for MDMA use during the 1970s: initially in the Midwest, and from 1976 onwards in Oregon and California.
Early Use in Psychotherapy
Authors: Passie Torsten
Published: July 2023

From 1977, MDMA was used in psychotherapy by a handful of psychiatrists and psychotherapists. They found it to be an ideal aid to psychotherapy as it does not affect ego-functions to the same extent as other psychedelic drugs. Its main effect seemed to be suppression of the fear response, allowing patients the opportunity to observe and reprocess painful memories. Another application was found in couple therapy, as it enables couples to communicate without their usual anxiety-driven limitations. At first, the therapists were eager to keep the substance secret, being afraid it might, as a psychotherapeutic drug, end up having the same fate as LSD. However, their research into its psychotherapeutic utility was broad-based and covered a few hundred patients, apparently with some success. The chapter describes the initial history of the therapeutic use of MDMA, and the people and organizations involved with it. To illustrate its early therapeutic use, five therapists and their work are described in more detail. When the therapists became aware that MDMA might be scheduled, they organized a small conference on its therapeutic use and a psychophysiological study to show its physiological safety. A description of the fate of the research protocols submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after its scheduling completes the picture.
The Scheduling
Authors: Passie Torsten
Published: July 2023

After becoming aware of its broader distribution, the DEA announced the possible scheduling of MDMA in 1984. Physicians using MDMA for therapy demanded hearings with respect to the proposed scheduling of MDMA. The DEA was astonished to hear about the therapeutic use of MDMA but nonetheless insisted that it represented a danger to public health and had to be scheduled. Hearings were held in three major cities in the United States in front of a DEA administrative law judge who studied the case and heard witnesses from the DEA and the physicians opposing the scheduling with regard to the five standard questions about the safety and medical use of MDMA, its abuse potential, and possible neurotoxicity. After collecting evidence on the five issues, the DEA judge concluded that MDMA should not be placed into Schedule I, but into Schedule III instead. Nevertheless, the DEA overruled the decision of its own judge and placed MDMA permanently into Schedule I in 1986. In advance of the hearings, the DEA had announced the ‘emergency scheduling’ of MDMA and (successfully) initiated an international scheduling by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the WHO recommended allowing researchers to study ‘this interesting substance’.
Pioneers and Studies
Authors: Passie Torsten
Published: July 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the range of activities that took place with regard to MDMA over a period of around 15 years (around 1986–2000). It starts with the first scientific conference on MDMA in 1986 and the founding of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), then considers the first books on MDMA, a NIDA study on different groups using MDMA, the first research studies in humans in the early 1990s, approaches to harm reduction for recreational use, human studies on patterns of recreational use, and the first treatment study in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The story of the long struggle to gain approval for the first placebo-controlled therapeutic MDMA study in the United States is also described, as is the history of the more significant MDMA research in humans during the period of 1990 to 2000.
Looking Back and Looking Forward
Authors: Hachhethu Krishna
Published: July 2023

Nepal in the post 2015 Constitution time largely remains the same. Change appears in the superstructure of the state since the new Charter adopts the principles of republic, secularity, federalism, and inclusive democracy. But these principles are structured and implemented on a non-territorial and non-ethnic basis, indeed in diluted form, to safeguard the dominant position of the Khas Aryas. So, the overriding aim of the state restructuring project— to bring an end to the unequal distribution of power among the different ethnic groups of Nepal—is not yet accomplished. The history of nation-building in Nepal in line with the nation-state model has a message that it eventually produces a seed for ethnic conflict. In contrast, the state-nation model suits best a country of ethnic diversity. In this regard, it is noteworthy that the Janajati organizations and the Madheshi parties have continued to flag their agendas: identity, social inclusion, collective rights, and identity-based federalism.
Running with Feeling
Authors: Gilbert Nora
Published: July 2023

By mid-eighteenth century, the genre that most saturated the British literary marketplace was that of sentimental fiction. Many of the novels most associated with this genre today are ones that feature a gender-bending (because sensitive and tender-hearted) male protagonist—the “man of feeling,” as one such novel’s title dubbed him. But there are also many constituents of the genre whose plots revolve around female protagonists challenging gender norms in a different way: i.e., in their readiness and willingness to take to flight. This chapter begins with a reading of Samuel Richardson’s touchstone sentimental novel Clarissa (1747–48), then turns to a constellation of novels composed by women writers (Sarah Fielding, Charlotte Lennox, and Sarah Scott) in Clarissa’s wake, each of which works similarly hard to shield and defend its runaway female protagonist from the charges of indecency and impudence that were so often leveled at her amatory-fiction predecessors.
Lilith on the Moors, Lilith on the Floss, Lilith on the Heath
Authors: Gilbert Nora
Published: July 2023

This chapter moves from the urban cityscapes of London and Manchester in Dickens, Gaskell, and Thackeray to the remote hamlets and country parishes of the Brontës, Eliot, and Hardy. What is new, in the “provincial fiction” genre, is the accentuated role that geographic place plays in the unfolding drama of the heroine’s desire to flee. From the windswept moorlands of the Brontës’ Jane Eyre (1847), Wuthering Heights (1847), and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) to the stark heathlands of Thomas Hardy’s The Return of the Native (1878) to the river that runs through George Eliot’s Mill on the Floss (1860), remote English landscapes of Victorian provincial novels reflect and sometimes contribute to the inner turmoil of their strong-willed runaway heroines.
Responses to Mendelovici, Pautz, and Byrne
Authors: Papineau David
Published: July 2023

I am grateful to my commentators for their thoughtful discussions of my book. I have learned much from reading them and am pleased to have the opportunity to respond. I discuss Mendelovici’s comments first, then Pautz’s, and finally Byrne.
How Reasons Determine Moral Requirements
Authors: Schmidt Thomas
Published: July 2023

Cases of heroic supererogation have been taken to suggest that non-moral reasons are morally relevant. While non-moral reasons are unable to make actions morally required, they can prevent moral reasons from doing so. This chapter argues that non-moral reasons are morally relevant in yet another way, since they can also play an essential role in making it the case that an action is morally required. Even though non-moral reasons are not able themselves to make actions morally required, they can prevent reasons that otherwise would prevent moral reasons from making actions morally required from doing so. The chapter elaborates and defends this view, and shows how it can be made the basis of an explanation of moral requirements in terms of reasons that is to be preferred over rival accounts.
What is Structural Rationality?
Authors: Lee Wooram
Published: July 2023

The normativity of so-called ‘coherence’ or ‘structural’ requirements of rationality has been hotly debated in recent years. However, relatively little has been said about the nature of structural rationality, or what makes a set of attitudes structurally irrational, if structural rationality is not ultimately a matter of responding correctly to reasons. This paper develops a novel account of incoherence (or structural irrationality), critically examining Alex Worsnip’s recent account. It first argues that Worsnip’s account both over-generates and under-generates incoherent patterns of attitudes, and then proposes an alternative that both avoids these problems and captures a crucial insight behind Worsnip’s account. According to this account, a set of attitudes is incoherent just in case having all of the attitudes in that set is incompatible with reacting to a question in a way that one is, in virtue of having the attitudes, committed to.
Personal protective equipment for antineoplastic safety
Authors: Mason Tina M.
Published: July 2023

Nurses must protect themselves while handling hazardous drugs or contaminated items. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) will reduce contact and prevent any acute or chronic adverse reactions that may occur from unintentional exposure. This article reviews PPE for antineoplastic safety and evidence-based guidelines for their use.
Novel Scalp Flap Elevation With Balloon Trocar Dissection Device
Authors: Ozkan Burak , Savran Suleyman , Uysal Cagri A.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Balloon trocar devices have been utilized in several surgical cases to reach a difficult-to-access location, achieve hemostasis, and obtain safe, efficient surgery.

Objective:

Highlight the balloon trocar dissection device in a novel technique of scalp flap elevation for tissue expander placement.

Methods:

The pocket for the tissue expander was determined at the scalp. A 2 cm vertical incision was made. A 12 mm balloon trocar is then introduced and insufflated. Through the trocar, endoscopic light is then inserted. Scalp flap elevation was performed with the device. The exact location of the pocket was seen with the lumination of endoscopic light.

Results:

The balloon trocar dissection device provides easy scalp flap elevation and bleeding control. With the help of endoscopic light, the pocket for the expander was created precisely.

Conclusion:

The balloon trocar device is simple, effective, low-cost equipment for tissue expander placement in the scalp.
Xrn1 biochemically associates to the eisosome after the post diauxic shift in yeast
Authors: Courtin Baptiste , Namane Abdelkader , Gomard Maïté , Meyer Laura , Jacquier Alain , Fromont-Racine Micheline
Published: July 2023

mRNA degradation is one of the main steps of gene expression, and a key player is the 5’-3’ exonuclease Xrn1. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, it was previously shown, by a microscopy approach, that Xrn1 is located to different cellular compartments, depending on physiological state. During exponential growth, Xrn1 is distributed in the cytoplasm, while it is present in the eisosomes after the post-diauxic shift (PDS). Here, we biochemically characterized the Xrn1-associated complexes in different cellular states. We demonstrate that, after PDS, Xrn1 but not the decapping (DCP), nor Lsm1-7/Pat1 complexes, was sequestered in the eisosomes, thus preserving mRNAs from degradation.
Highly oxidized albumin is mainly cleared by mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells via the receptors stabilin-1 and -2
Authors: Holte Christopher F. , Szafranska Karolina J. , Kruse Larissa D. , Simon-Santamaria Jaione , Li Ruomei , Svistounov Dmitri , McCourt Peter A.G.
Published: July 2023

Background

Oxidized albumin (oxHSA) is elevated in several pathological conditions, especially those involving the liver, such as decompensated cirrhosis, acute on chronic liver failure and liver mediated renal failure. Patient derived oxidized albumin was previously shown to be an inflammatory mediator in cultured endothelial cells and leukocytes. The removal from circulation of oxidized albumins is therefore essential for maintenance of homeostasis. Normal serum levels of oxidized albumin are low, implying it is constantly eliminated. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are prominent scavenger cells in the body, specializing in the removal of macromolecules e.g. hyaluronan, denatured collagen, modified albumins, bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and oxidized lipoprotein. Given that oxidized albumin is mainly cleared by the liver, we hypothesize the LSEC are the site of uptake in the liver. Furthermore the stabilins -1 and -2 are the most prominent candidates for oxHSA uptake receptors, given their expression pattern and uptake of other ligands.

Methods

In vivo biodistribution, hepatocellular distribution and in vitro uptake studies on isolated liver cell populations or receptor expressing cell lines.

Results

In vivo oxHSA was cleared rapidly (t1/2 <90seconds) by the liver (47% of uptake) and distributed to mainly the LSEC. In in vitro studies LSEC endocytosed oxHSA much more than other cell populations isolated from the liver. Furthermore, it was shown that the uptake was mediated by the stabilins, by inhibiting uptake in LSEC with other stabilin ligands and showing uptake in HEK cells overexpressing stabilin-1 or 2. oxHSA also inhibited the uptake of other stabilin ligands.

Conclusions

LSEC and their stabilins are vital for the clearance of oxidized albumin, and therefore play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis.
A study on bubble suppression for deep marine reflection data acquired by a small airgun array
Authors: Li Zhehao , Zhou Hua‐Wei , Ma Guangkai , Cai Dongdi , Cao Mingqiang
Published: July 2023

The oscillatory bubble pulses generated by airguns in seawater are known to produce artefacts in seismic images. Although such artefacts are suppressible by employing larger airgun arrays in acquisition, small airgun arrays are used more often now to minimize the environmental impacts, thus raising the need for further suppressing bubble pulses at data processing stage. For a deep marine reflection dataset recently acquired by a small airgun array, we compare the effectiveness of three popular debubbling methods that estimate the far‐field source signature based on theoretical simulation and wavelets extracted from seafloor reflections and direct arrivals, respectively. In this case, due to the lack of near‐field measurements for calibration, the debubbling via simulation underperforms the two wavelet extraction methods. Overlapping events in the noisy response of seafloor sediments lead to the failure of the wavelet extraction from primary seafloor reflections. The estimated source signature based on direct arrivals achieves the best bubble suppression result, indicating the importance of signal‐to‐noise ratio and a low level of directionality of the small airgun array source.
Legislative performance and the electoral connection in European Parliament elections
Authors: CHIRU MIHAIL
Published: July 2023

The absence of an electoral connection is a widely held assumption in the scholarship on the European Parliament (EP) and a cause of serious normative concern about the functioning of the European Union. Weak individual legislator accountability is part of this assumption, even if we still know little about the extent to which legislative performance matters for citizens in EP elections that allow preferential voting. This study is the first to analyse how legislative performance influences the preference vote shares of members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and whether this is moderated by their parties’ EU salience and incumbent intra‐party competition. It draws on an original dataset that combines candidate and electoral data from three rounds of EP elections held between 2004 and 2014 under open or flexible list rules with information on individual legislative activity (i.e., number of reports, parliamentary questions and speeches) and leadership positions at EP and committee level. One dimension of legislative performance, report writing, is associated with a larger share of preference votes but only for incumbents of parties assigning high salience to the EU. While MEPs win a higher share of preference votes when they face limited co‐partisan incumbent competition, this factor does not moderate the electoral connection.
Functional interferon‐epsilon gene polymorphisms and sexually transmitted infections of the endometrium
Authors: Taylor Brandie DePaoli , Criscitiello Michael F. , Bazer Fuller W. , Richardson Lauren S. , Noah Akaninyene , Haggerty Catherine L.
Published: July 2023

Problem

Interferon‐epsilon (IFNε) is the only type I IFN constitutively expressed in the female reproductive tract and fluctuates across the menstrual cycle in humans. Mouse models show that IFNε protects against Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes Simplex Virus, HIV, and Zika in mice, but human studies are limited. Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) can ascend to the upper genital tract and cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and subsequent infertility. However, the host immunological mechanisms that play a role in the ascension and infection of the endometrium in individuals with clinically suspected PID are not elucidated.

Method of study

This pilot investigation determined if IFNε gene variants are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and endometrial infection with C. trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium using biospecimens from 154 self‐report Black individuals who participated in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study.

Results

The T allele for rs2039381 was associated with endometrial STI infection (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.0‐7.1) and the C allele for rs1125488 was inversely associated with BV (OR: .2, 95% CI: .05‐.8).

Conclusions

Few studies have examined IFNε gene variants, our study raises the possibility that IFNε gene variants may be a potential host contributor to STI pathogenesis.
The ribonuclease domain function is dispensable for SLFN11 to mediate cell fate decision during replication stress response
Authors: Qi Fei , Alvi Erin , Ogawa Minori , Kobayashi Junya , Mu Anfeng , Takata Minoru
Published: July 2023

The SLFN11 gene participates in cell fate decision following cancer chemotherapy and encodes the N‐terminal ribonuclease (RNase) domain and the C‐terminal helicase/ATPase domain. How these domains contribute to the chemotherapeutic response remains controversial. Here, we expressed SLFN11 containing mutations in two critical residues required for RNase activity in SLFN11−/− cells. We found that this mutant was still able to suppress DNA damage tolerance, destabilized the stalled replication forks, and perturbed recruitment of the fork protector RAD51. In contrast, we confirmed that the helicase domain was essential to accelerate fork degradation. The fork degradation by the RNase mutant was dependent on both DNA2 and MRE11 nuclease, but not on MRE11's novel interactor FXR1. Collectively, these results supported the view that the RNase domain function is dispensable for SLFN11 to mediate cell fate decision during replication stress response.
Some facts about concentrated labor markets in the United States
Authors: Handwerker Elizabeth Weber , Dey Matthew
Published: July 2023

We estimate employer concentration by occupation in the United States from 2003 to 2018. Findings include the following: (1) concentration is a characteristic of small labor markets; (2) patterns of concentrated employment differ from patterns of employment in very large employers, with overlap largely in the public sector; (3) the public sector and hospital industry play prominent roles in concentrated employment; (4) more concentrated labor markets are associated with slightly lower wages, only within the private sector.
Neural correlates of intelligence: ERP Components of temporary storage predict fluid intelligence over and above those of executive functions
Authors: Jia Yujie , Wang Tengfei , Schweizer Karl , Ren Xuezhu
Published: July 2023

Previous research has revealed that individuals with different levels of intelligence exhibit distinct patterns of event‐related potentials (ERPs) related to executive functions and temporary storage. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the relative contributions of these ERPs in predicting individual differences in fluid intelligence. This study aims to examine the extent to which ERPs associated with executive functions and temporary storage can predict individual differences in fluid intelligence. Special attention is given to determining whether electrophysiological activities of temporary storage can predict fluid intelligence after accounting for executive functions, and vice versa. Both executive attention and temporary storage were measured by two experimental tasks, while electroencephalographic data were collected simultaneously. Fluid intelligence was assessed by two established tests. To address previous inconsistencies due to small sample sizes, a relatively large sample of young adults (N = 136) was recruited. The results revealed that participants with lower fluid intelligence displayed larger P3 amplitudes in the executive functions and temporary storage tasks compared to those with higher fluid intelligence. Additionally, the amplitudes of frontal and parietal P3s elicited by both executive functions and temporary storage significantly predicted fluid intelligence. Interestingly, the frontal and parietal P3s associated with temporary storage predicted fluid intelligence beyond the contributions of executive functions, supporting the storage account of individual differences in fluid intelligence. This study provides an original and fresh understanding of how executive functions and temporary storage contribute to fluid intelligence, offering new insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying intelligence.
Decolonizing Migration Studies: A Brief Introduction
Authors: Kibria Nazli
Published: July 2023

The essays in this special section originate from a 2022 panel discussion on decolonizing migration studies. The authors reflect on the sociology of migration field in the United States and their own intellectual trajectories. They discuss the challenges of shifting the field away from its focus on migrant integration within national borders and propose a variety of decolonizing strategies, from interrogating established categories of migration to integrating scholarship from the global South.
Dissent against ‘Definition debates’ about Social Work
Authors: McGregor Caroline
Published: July 2023

This commentary dissents against definition debates. I argue that ongoing discussion about what social work is needs to find a common ground of recognition. Arguments about the bifurcation, demise or “end of social work” are challenged. Starting with the position that social work operates on a necessarily contested and contradictory space, the case is made for a shared definition of social work as a “mediator in the social”. To stand up as a foundational definition for the diversity of social work worldwide, “mediation in the social” as described by Philp (1979) requires important updates to fit the complex “socials” of the 21st century. This necessitates a shift from the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge as an add-on to expansively identifying indigenous knowledge as a constant that underpins social work internationally. This definition needs to be founded on shared values and assumptions that capture the essence of social work such as citizenship, relational practices, human rights and social justice as expressed in diverse cultural contexts worldwide.
An anisotropic interior solution of Einstein equations
Authors: Vazquez-Nambo Manuel , Yépez-García Víctor Manuel , Vazquez José Oswald Tellez , Campuzano Elivet Aguilar , Muñoz Nancy Cambrón
Published: July 2023

In this work, the analysis of the behavior of an interior solution in the frame of Einstein’s general theory of relativity is reported. Given the possibility that, for greater densities than the nuclear density, the matter presents anisotropies in the pressures and that these are the orders of density present in the interior of the compact stars, the solution that is discussed considers that the interior region contains an anisotropic fluid, i.e. [Formula: see text]. The compactness value, where [Formula: see text], for which the solution is physically acceptable is [Formula: see text] as such the graphic analysis of the model is developed for the case in which the mass [Formula: see text] and the radius [Formula: see text] which corresponds to the star Her X-1, with maximum compactness [Formula: see text], although for other values of compactness [Formula: see text] the behavior is similar. The functions of density and pressures are positive, finite and monotonically decreasing, also the solution is stable according to the cracking criteria and the range of values is consistent with what is expected for these type of stars.
A Low-Power Capacitorless LDO Regulator with Transient Enhancement Structure
Authors: Zheng Lixia , Zhu Yi , Xian Huiyong , Li Jinwen , Wan Chenggong , Wu Jin , Sun Weifeng
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a portable low-power low dropout regulator (LDO) with no output capacitance has been designed in 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. In this paper, a PMOS power transistor is used and combined with an overshoot and undershoot suppression circuit to improve the transient response of the circuit. A modified Class-AB operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is used to reduce power consumption and act as an error amplifier to eliminate low frequency poles. At the same time, a super source follower and a Miller capacitor are used for frequency compensation of the system. Finally, the system can provide a stable voltage for a load step from 0.2 to 25[Formula: see text]mA in 500[Formula: see text]ns edge-time for 140[Formula: see text]pF-load capacitance. The test results show that the circuit achieves a good voltage regulation rate and high transient response.
On the number of countable subdirect powers of unary algebras
Authors: Ruškuc Nik , Witt Bill de
Published: July 2023

A finite unary algebra [Formula: see text] has only countably many countable subdirect powers if and only if every operation [Formula: see text] is either a permutation or a constant mapping.
Acylindricity of the action of right-angled Artin groups on extension graphs
Authors: Lee Eon-Kyung , Lee Sang-Jin
Published: July 2023

The action of a right-angled Artin group on its extension graph is known to be acylindrical because the cardinality of the so-called r-quasi-stabilizer of a pair of distant points is bounded above by a function of r. The known upper bound of the cardinality is an exponential function of r. In this paper we show that the r-quasi-stabilizer is a subset of a cyclic group and its cardinality is bounded above by a linear function of r. This is done by exploring lattice theoretic properties of group elements, studying prefixes of powers and extending the uniqueness of quasi-roots from word length to star length. We also improve the known lower bound for the minimal asymptotic translation length of a right-angled Artin group on its extension graph.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND INCORPORATION OF CR ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF TITANIUM ANODIZED WITH HCL AND GLYCEROL
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ EMANUEL ENRIQUE AVALOS , TORRES JULIÁN HERNÁNDEZ , PEREDO LUIS ZAMORA , MONTIEL SAMUEL HERNÁNDEZ , SÁNCHEZ ALAN MAYTORENA , PALMA CARLOS FERREIRA , GONZÁLEZ LEANDRO GARCÍA
Published: July 2023

Currently, electrochemical anodizing is one of the most common processes in materials science, since, under the right conditions, it allows to modify the material surface without damaging it by means of redox reactions, generating an oxide layer that protects the material and improves its properties. In this paper, grade 2 titanium was anodized using a solution of hydrochloric acid, glycerol, and deionized water as electrolyte, and 0.5 M K2CrO4 as doping agent, with a voltage of 30 V for 4.5 h. After anodizing with and without chromium, annealing was performed at different temperatures (500[Formula: see text]C, 600[Formula: see text]C and 700[Formula: see text]C) to promote structural and microhardness changes. The samples were analyzed by FE-SEM observing that the formation of nanostructures changes according to the heat treatment, where samples at 700[Formula: see text]C with chromium begin to form nanorods and, compared to those without chromium, the nanorods are longer. The presence of Cr in anodized TiO2 at different temperatures was confirmed by EDS technique. Using XRD, the microstructure of TiO2 anodized with and without Cr was analyzed and anatase and rutile phases were found, with greater presence of anatase for samples with Cr. Finally, a maximum hardness of up to 10.27 GPa was obtained from the sample at 700[Formula: see text]C without chromium, which is higher compared to the values of coatings with Cr. However, the anatase phase could be stabilized at higher temperatures making it suitable for medical applications since the anatase phase is the most biocompatible.
MACHINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF WIRE-EDM USING BRASS WIRE FOR C-45 STEEL APPLYING VIKOR-AHP
Authors: UKEY KAMAL , SAHA ABHIJIT , MAJUMDER HIMADRI
Published: July 2023

Excellent qualities including a good balance of strength and toughness, good wear resistance, cost-effectiveness, high machinability, functionality, durability, and reliability make C-45 steel a desirable option for automotive, tool and die-making industries, agricultural, railway, power transmission equipment, etc. When accuracy and precision are crucial, C-45 can be machined using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). In this study, input parameters like pulse-on time ([Formula: see text]), pulse-off time ([Formula: see text]), wire feed (WF), and wire tension (WT) were taken to investigate three crucial machining outputs namely average cutting speed (V), kerf width (KW), and material removal rate (MRR), using 0.25 mm brass wire. Taguchi’s ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) orthogonal array has been utilized to perform the trial runs. A hybrid approach combining VIKOR in conjunction with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to identify optimal WEDM process parameters. Finally, the optimal settings of the input process parameters are [Formula: see text] = 110 [Formula: see text]s, [Formula: see text] = 40 [Formula: see text]s, WF = 5 mm/min, and WT = 6 N, respectively. For the desired MRR, KW, and V, the ideal input factors were also achieved using Taguchi’s [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio. Additionally, SEM micrographs revealed different effects on the machined surface during machining on optimal parameter settings. This study will help the decision-makers to find the best compromise solution to handle complex decision problems with multiple criteria and prioritize alternatives using a systematic approach which leads to a more effective and rational decision-making process.
On the Static Instability of FG-GNP-Reinforced Composite Cylindrical Shells Under Thermo-Mechanical Loading
Authors: Jia Yan
Published: July 2023

The nonlinear buckling response of laminated composite cylindrical shells reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is studied in this paper. The functionally graded (FG) shell reinforced by GNPs is analytically studied under external pressure and uniform temperature rise loadings. It is also assumed that the GNP-reinforced laminated composite shell is in contact with an elastic foundation. Various types of profiles are employed for the GNP distribution patterns in the shell thickness including 10 nanocomposite layers. The nonlinear strain-displacement relations of the shallow cylindrical panel are established utilizing the third-order shear deformation shell theory. Governing equilibrium equations of the laminated GNP-reinforced composite shell are formulated employing the principle of virtual displacement. The coupled system of nonlinear differential equations is solved analytically for the hinged–hinged and fixed–fixed boundaries of the shell using a perturbation-based technique. Correctness of presented formulations and obtained solutions is proved by comparisons with results from previous studies for an isotropic cylindrical shell. Novel numerical results reveal that the material properties, geometrical characteristics and load parameters significantly affect on the buckling behavior of laminated composite cylindrical shells.
AN EMD AND IMF ENERGY ENTROPY-BASED OPTIMIZED FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR SINGLE TRIAL EEG SIGNAL
Authors: YANG ZHENGTING , LUO SONG , ZHONG PEIYUN , CHEN RUI , PAN CUNYANG , LI KUN
Published: July 2023

For the purpose of improving the classification accuracy of single-trial electroencephalogram (EEG) signal during motor imagery (MI) process, this study proposed a classification method which combines intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) energy entropy and improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) scheme. Singular value decomposition (SVD), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), EMD and IMF energy entropy were employed for the newly designed scheme. After removing noise and artifacts from acquired EEG signals in EEGLAB, SVD was applied, and the singular values were clustered by GMM. The insignificant characteristics indicated by the small SVD values were then removed, and the signals were reconstructed, feeding to EMD algorithm. Those IMFs mapping to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] frequencies were selected as the major features of the Electroencephalogram signal. The SVM classifier with Radial Basis Function Neural Network, linear, and polynomial kernel functions and voting mechanism then kicked in for classification. The results were compared with that of the traditional EMD and EEMD through simulation, showing that the proposed scheme can eliminate mode mixing effectively and improve the single-trial EEG signal classification accuracy significantly, suggesting the probability of designing a more efficient EEG control system based on the proposed scheme.
Thrombolysis for Acute Wake-Up and Unclear-Onset Strokes with Alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg in Clinical Practice: THAWS2 Study
Authors: Yoshimura Sohei , Koga Masatoshi , Okada Takashi , Inoue Manabu , Miwa Kaori , Fukuda-Doi Mayumi , Kondo Rei , Inoue Takeshi , Ichijo Masahiko , Ohtaki Masafumi , Nagakane Yoshinari , Itabashi Ryo , Sakai Nobuyuki , Kimura Kazumi , Kamiyama Kenji , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Yagita Yoshiki , Iwama Toru , Yakushiji Yusuke , Kusumi Masayoshi , Yamaki Tetsu , Uemura Jyunichi , Yasuura Asuka , Noshiro Shouhei , Fukunaga Daiki , Yazawa Yukako , Aoki Junya , Yoshikawa Masaaki , Ihara Masafumi , Toyoda Kazunori ,   for the THAWS trial investigators
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg for patients with acute wake-up or unclear-onset strokes in clinical practice. Methods: This multicenter observational study enrolled acute ischemic stroke patients with last-known-well time >4.5 h who had mismatch between DWI and FLAIR and were treated with IV alteplase. The safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after thrombolysis, all-cause deaths, and all adverse events. The efficacy outcomes were favorable outcome defined as an mRS score of 0–1 or recovery to the same mRS score as the premorbid score, complete independence defined as an mRS score of 0–1 at 90 days, and change in NIHSS at 24 h from baseline. Results: Sixty-six patients (35 females; mean age, 74 ± 11 years; premorbid complete independence, 54 [82%]; median NIHSS on admission, 11) were enrolled at 15 hospitals. Two patients (3%) had sICH. Median NIHSS changed from 11 (IQR, 6.75–16.25) at baseline to 5 (3–12.25) at 24 h after alteplase initiation (change, −4.8 ± 8.1). At discharge, 31 patients (47%) had favorable outcome and 29 (44%) had complete independence. None died within 90 days. Twenty-three (35%) also underwent mechanical thrombectomy (no sICH, NIHSS change of −8.5 ± 7.3), of whom 11 (48%) were completely independent at discharge. Conclusions: In real-world clinical practice, IV alteplase for unclear-onset stroke patients with DWI-FLAIR mismatch provided safe and efficacious outcomes comparable to those in previous trials. Additional mechanical thrombectomy was performed safely in them.
Normal Trichoscopic Findings after Hair Transplantation in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Contin Leticia Arsie , Santos Júnior José Benito , Machado Carla Jorge ,   Rocha
Published: July 2023

Background: Trichoscopy can be very useful for evaluation for hair transplantation (HT), helping rule out simulators of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). There are only a few reports about normal trichoscopic findings after HT. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate donor and recipient area trichoscopy after FUE in HT without complications in AGA patients. Method: A prospective study was carried out with 10 patients, for 24 weeks, with photographic follow-up, using FotoFinder®. Patients were evaluated from week 1 (w1) to week 8 weekly, then, at week 12 and week 24 post-HT. Results: Main results were perifollicular crusts, donor area erythema, recipient area erythema, perifollicular erythema, white circles, perifollicular whitish halos, repilation black dots, dystrophic hairs, folliculitis, yellow dots. We discussed the meaning of each of these findings in the period in which they occurred. Conclusion: Normal trichoscopic findings in post-transplant patients have not been well established yet. Our findings are an attempt to define a normal pattern. Future studies with a longer follow-up may be necessary to corroborate these results.
Influence of decentration of plate-haptic toric intraocular lens on postoperative visual quality
Authors: Diao Chunli , Lan Qianqian , Liao Jing , Lu Peng , Zhou Zhou , Li Lanjian , Zeng Siming , Yao Gang , Huang Wei , Chen Qi , Lv Jian , Tang Fen , Li Min , Xu Fan
Published: July 2023

Background

To evaluate the influence of decentration of plate-haptic toric intraocular lens (IOLs) on visual quality.

Methods

This study enrolled 78 eyes of 78 patients. Patients in group A were implanted with toric IOLs, and patients in group B were implanted with monofocal IOLs. All patients were divided into group A1 and B1 (decentration below 0.3 mm) and group A2 and B2 (decentration above 0.3 mm). The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), modulation transfer function cutoff (MTF cutoff), objective scatter index (OSI), strehl ratio (SR), optical interference and patients’ satisfaction were measured in different pupils at three months postoperatively. The associations between decentration and visual quality were analyzed by Spearman correlation.

Results

There were no significant differences in UDVA, BCVA, MTF cutoff, OSI, SR, optical interference and patients’ satisfaction among subgroups. The differences in decentration between groups A and B were not statistically significant. In group A2, the total higher order aberrations (tHOAs) at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.046), 5 mm (P = 0.014), spherical aberrations at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.011), 4 mm (P = 0.014), 5 mm (P = 0.000), secondary astigmatism at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.002), 4 mm (P = 0.005) were higher than in group B2. Compared to group A1, group A2 had higher spherical aberrations at pupil sizes of 4 mm (P = 0.042), 5 mm (P = 0.001), 6 mm (P = 0.038), secondary astigmatism at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.013), 4 mm (P = 0.005), 6 mm (P = 0.013). Group B2 has higher coma and secondary astigmatism than group B1 at 6-mm pupil (P = 0.014, P = 0.045). Significant positive correlations were found between spherical aberrations and the decentration of group A1 and A2 at 6-mm pupils.

Conclusion

The decentration above 0.3 mm negatively affected visual quality due to increased tHOAs, spherical aberrations, coma and secondary astigmatism aberrations, the influence become larger with increasing pupil diameter. And toric IOLs are more affected by decentration than monofocal IOLs.