bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polylactic Acid Based Biocomposite for 3D Printing: A review
Authors: Mekonnen Kasahun , Fanta Gada , Tilinti Birhanu , Regasa Melkamu
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology facilitates the direct creation of intricate objects from computer-aided digital designs. This method offers an efficient means to integrate all essential components by leveraging biomaterials, advanced printing techniques, and innovative cell delivery methods. As 3D printing becomes increasingly prevalent in research, commercial, and domestic spheres, the demand for high-quality polymer filaments continues to rise. Biopolymers, which are widely accessible, low- or nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, chemically versatile, and inherently useful, hold significant potential for diverse applications including biomedicine, food, textiles, and cosmetics. Recent studies have examined the 3D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) using biopolymers such as cellulose, lignin, chitosan, starch, collagen, and gelatin. These biodegradable composites outperform non-biodegradable counterparts in various applications, enhance the properties of PLA, and offer environmental benefits. Thus, a thorough understanding of the 3D printing process for these biocomposites is essential for their production. This review classifies PLA/biopolymer 3D printing materials, details the materials and processing technologies, and discusses their applications. Furthermore, it explores the roles and characteristics of specific filler materials in PLA-based biocomposites and their effects as fillers.
Unvieling the Mineral Wealth of Kogi State, Nigeria: A Comprehensive Inventory and Assessment
Authors: Isah Shaibu , Aliyu Bello
Published: December 2024

Kogi State, Nigeria, is a remarkable repository of mineral resources, yet its potential remains largely unrecognized. Strategically located between latitude 6°30' N and 8°45' N and longitude 5°18' E and 7°53' E, Kogi is bordered by several states and covers approximately 30,345.74 km². It comprises three Senatorial Districts and twenty-one Local Government Areas, making it a vital hub for mineral exploration. In response to the urgent need for economic diversification, the Kogi State Government has initiated a comprehensive geological investigation aimed at unlocking the wealth of solid minerals. This endeavor began with an extensive desk study that reviewed geological maps, airborne geophysical data, and satellite imagery to identify promising areas for field exploration. Following this, meticulous fieldwork was conducted in collaboration with local communities to gather insights and samples from various terrains, including abandoned mines and active quarries. A total of 244 samples were collected for laboratory analysis, ensuring a thorough understanding of the mineral landscape. Kogi State is endowed with a diverse array of minerals: metallic resources such as iron ore and tantalite; industrial minerals including kaolin, gypsum, and marble; precious minerals like gold; and energy resources such as coal. As living standards rise, so does the demand for these essential resources across sectors such as agriculture, construction, and energy. The state aims to attract investment by focusing on eight key minerals with significant economic potential. The vision for Kogi State is clear: fostering private sector involvement in the mining and processing industries can catalyze rapid industrialization. This strategic approach will not only enhance local economies but also create much-needed job opportunities for the youth eager for employment. The development of industries ranging from steel production to ceramics manufacturing will elevate Kogi's economic profile. In conclusion, Kogi State stands at a pivotal juncture where its abundant mineral resources can be harnessed for sustainable growth. Through strategic investments in exploration and development, Kogi can transform its mineral wealth into a beacon of prosperity for its people and the nation as a whole.
Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Study of Groundwater Aquifer in Wasit Governorate - East of Iraq
Authors: Al-Sudani Hussein
Published: December 2024

The main aim of groundwater studies is to assess the physical and chemical characterizations of water-bearing layers as a goal for assessing their suitability for various purposes Wasit Governorate, which is located in eastern Iraq, is an important area in terms of agriculture and poultry and livestock husbandry. The area mainly depends on groundwater, especially on the Iraqi-Iranian border. The area was investigated (40) wells inventoried during the field study and used to demonstrate the hydrogeological and hydrochemical properties. The groundwater aquifer is composed of Quaternary deposits and Mukdadiyah formation. The mean thickness, transmissivity, and maximum yields were 53 meters, 114 m2/day, and 600 m3/day, respectively. The groundwater moved partially to the western parts and mainly towards the southern parts of the area towards Shuwaicha Marsh, which is located outside the study area. The salinity map showed a regular decrease in salinity concentrations towards the central and southwestern parts of the area due to groundwater recharge from infiltrated surface water. The groundwater is brackish to saline, with two dominant calcium and sodium sulphate types. The central area between Zurbatia and Badra towns can be a qualified location to increase well drilling due to salinity decreasing as the transmissivity and maximum yields increase.
Research on the Path of Stimulating Active Innovation Behavior of Postgraduates Based on Planned Behavior Theory -- Take the Service Management Course as an Example
Authors: Yu Lingling , Zhang Bu
Published: December 2024

As the high-level training talent, postgraduates are the new quality productive forces of national development. However, the quality of graduate training in economics and management is worried in reality, mainly reflected in the lack of students' innovative ability. The root cause is that graduate students engage in more passive innovative behaviors rather than proactive ones. Scholars have explored the pathways to enhance graduate students' innovative ability and behavior from both macro perspectives of cultivation models and micro perspectives of teacher-student relationships. However, they have overlooked the important linkage role of courses. Courses are an educational form in which multiple relationship subjects participate frequently under the guidance of cultivation model principles, and have an important driving role in stimulating graduate students' proactive innovative behaviors. This study firstly summarizes the characteristics of postgraduates from two dimensions of study objective and knowledge distance. Then, based on the theory of planned behavior, the whole process of "Service Management" is designed from three perspectives: attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control. The teachers actively guide and interact with the graduate students online and offline before and after the course to stimulate their proactive innovative behavior attitude. The ranking of group competition, group interaction and peer evaluation can influence the graduate students' proactive innovative behaviors' subjective norm. The visual learning list and positive feedback from the teachers can enhance the postgraduates' perceived self-control of proactive innovative behavior. This study reformed the "Service Management" course by activating the postgraduates' positive attitude of proactive innovative practice, creating a positive subjective norm, enhancing their perceived behavioral control of proactive practice, and thus stimulating the innovative practice behavior of business management postgraduates, which finally improve their comprehensive literacy.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Different Biotechnical Techniques for the Control of Varroa Mite in Eastern Amhara
Authors: Tsegaye Alemu , Desale Ertiban , Tsegaye Agazhe , Lemma Meressa , Grmay Ayalew , Bihonegn Addisu , Ibrahim Yesuf
Published: December 2024

This study was conduct to investigate the efficiency of certain botanical smokes against Varroa mite. In the field, four botanical smokes (Cordia Africana, Terminallia, Tobacco, Barley + Olea leaf smoke) and two control groups (Sticky bottom board only and without sticky bottom board and untreated) were tested as control agents against the parasite mite V. destructor. Throughout the treatment period, each colony received the treatments of each tested substance. Data showed that among all four tested treatments, tobacco leaf smoke followed by Terminallia leaf smokes were effective in controlling Varroa as they had an efficiency of 73.2%, 62.59%, respectively. These compounds also found to be helpful in the reduction of varroa mite load as they showed percentage of reduction of mite infestation were 63.59% and 49.84% respectively. As a result, these smokes could be employed as part of standard beekeeping procedure while working with colonies.
Assessing the Viability of a Professionally Managed community-Based Health Insurance Scheme in Koungheul, Senegal: Perspectives for Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Tacko Diop , Malick Niang , Mareme Sougou , Selly Ly , Coly Bop , Boubacar Gueye , Mbacke Leye , Ousseynou Ka
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This study examines the viability of the Departmental Health Insurance Unit (UDAM) of Koungheul in Senegal, an innovative model of a professionally managed health insurance scheme, implemented as part of universal health coverage. Unlike traditional community-based health insurance schemes, UDAMs are entirely managed by a salaried team, with elected leaders playing only a supervisory role. The study aims to assess the viability of this alternative model and analyze the perceptions of various stakeholders. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis, based on a theoretical framework developed by the International Labor Office (ILO), assessed the viability of the UDAM across four dimensions: institutional, technical, functional, and financial/economic. Data collected in 2022 were analyzed. For the qualitative component, individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with various actors, including beneficiaries, non-beneficiaries, community leaders, UDAM officials, and healthcare providers. Results: The study reveals a contrasting situation for the UDAM of Koungheul. On the institutional and technical levels, the UDAM has a solid foundation with legal status, agreements with healthcare providers, and risk control mechanisms. Functional viability shows positive signs, with a membership growth rate of 16.15% and a high penetration rate of 76.66%. However, the contribution collection rate is low (52.29%), and the average payment delay to providers is long (7 months). The financial situation is concerning: the immediate liquidity ratio is low (0.248), the reserve rate is insufficient (0.93 months), and the loss ratio is high (90.34%). Stakeholder perceptions are generally positive, but significant practical difficulties are identified, including lack of information, funding problems, and procedural complexity. Conclusion: The study highlights the progress of the UDAM model compared to traditional schemes. However, persistent challenges, particularly in terms of financial viability, underscore the need for continuous evolution of the model. A more integrated approach, involving deeper integration into the national social protection system and stronger state investment, could be beneficial in consolidating the gains of the UDAM model.
Armed Forces’ Role in the Higher Education Governance: Quest for Enhancing Human Resources Development in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Helal , Kabir Md
Published: December 2024

The Bangladesh Armed Forces frequently participate in nation-building initiatives, such as infrastructure development, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance. They strive to introduce innovative technology, medicine, and logistics for wider applications and contribute to advancements in various sectors. They have expanded beyond their traditional defence roles to actively engage in education, establishing public and private universities, medical colleges and affiliated educational and training institutions. This study examines the role of the Bangladesh Armed Forces in higher education governance and its contribution to the national human resources development. It employs a qualitative research approach based on secondary data to explore the Armed Forces' capacity in higher education governance. The study finds how the Armed Forces governed higher education institutions are contributing to enhancing access to quality education, fostering leadership and professional development of the graduates, and stressing their impact on technological, medical, business, and strategic fields. Bangladesh Armed Forces play a pivotal role in promoting innovation, discipline, and academic excellence by ensuring efficiency in the governance of higher education institutions. The study also highlights the Armed Forces' capability to achieve their educational objectives, which align with the national demand for quality human resources and contribute significantly to national development. As an exploratory study, the research provides a foundation for further investigation, with future research recommended to adopt empirical and quantitative approaches to validate and expand upon the findings presented.
Innovative and Cost Effective Water Harvesting and Value Addition in Agriculture for Sustainability: Case Study of Kitui and Wajir Counties, Kenya
Authors: Kathula Domeniter , Abdinoor Mohamed
Published: December 2024

The agricultural sector, especially in semi-arid regions like Kitui and Wajir Counties in Kenya, faces challenges of water scarcity and inconsistent agricultural yields due to erratic rainfall patterns. This study was underpinned by Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). The study assessed how water harvesting techniques contribute to improved water efficiency and agricultural productivity, while also examining the role of value addition in ensuring sustainability. Using a descriptive research design, the sample size for the study comprised of 25 farmers and 34 agricultural extension officers and county government officials. Data was collected using both structured questionnaire and Key Informant Interviews (KII). Quantitative data collected from farmers was analyzed with the aid of SPSS using both descriptive statistics and inferential analysis to assess effect of level of adoption of innovative water harvesting techniques on improvement in water efficiency and agricultural sustainability. The qualitative data collected was analyzed thematically through content analysis. The study's findings, were presented on tables and narrative form, giving analysis of the current state of water harvesting and value addition practices and their role in agricultural sustainability. The findings revealed that cost-efficient value addition practices had significant effect on agricultural sustainability in Kitui and Wajir Counties, Kenya, with an R-squared value of 0.584, indicating that these practices explain 58.4% of the variation in agricultural sustainability outcomes. Regression coefficients demonstrated a significant positive effect of value addition practices on sustainability, with a coefficient (B = 0.669, p-value = 0.000). The study concludes that cost-efficient value addition practices play a crucial role in improving agricultural sustainability by enhancing resource efficiency, market access, and profitability for farmers in these counties. In view of the findings, the study recommends that government and agricultural stakeholders should implement financial support programs, such as subsidies and grants, to alleviate the initial costs of adopting value addition practices.
Harnessing Probiotics to Combat Aflatoxin: A Natural Approach to Food Safety: A Review
Authors: Ariti Kebede , Tadesse Belay
Published: December 2024

Aflatoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are among the most significant food safety challenges worldwide. These compounds are classified as Group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) due to their association with liver cancer, immune suppression, and acute toxicity. Aflatoxin contamination commonly affects staple food items such as grains, nuts, and seeds, particularly in regions with warm and humid climates. The economic burden of aflatoxin contamination extends to reduced agricultural productivity and trade restrictions, necessitating innovative and effective mitigation strategies. This review investigates the potential of probiotics as a natural solution to counter aflatoxin contamination. Probiotics, including strains such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces, offer several mechanisms for reducing aflatoxin toxicity. These include bioadsorption, where probiotics bind aflatoxins and limit their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract; biotransformation, involving the enzymatic conversion of aflatoxins into less toxic metabolites; and competitive exclusion, which inhibits the growth of aflatoxin-producing molds. Additionally, probiotics contribute to immune modulation, enhancing the host's capacity to counteract aflatoxin exposure. Applications of probiotics in food systems and animal feed are promising. For instance, integrating probiotics into fermented foods has been shown to reduce aflatoxin concentrations significantly. Similarly, probiotics in livestock feed can decrease the absorption of aflatoxins, improving animal health and the safety of derived products. Despite these advances, challenges persist, including strain-specific efficacy, regulatory hurdles, and consumer acceptance of probiotic-enhanced food products. Future research should prioritize the development of innovative probiotic applications, such as bioencapsulation technologies to enhance stability and targeted delivery systems for maximizing their efficacy. Long-term clinical studies are needed to assess the sustainability and safety of probiotic interventions for aflatoxin detoxification. By addressing these challenges, probiotics could play a pivotal role in safeguarding public health, ensuring food safety, and enhancing the resilience of food systems globally.
Review on Forage Soybean Utilization and Status in Ethiopia
Authors: Yifred Hilena
Published: December 2024

Soybean is a vital crop that is known to support the livelihoods of millions of people in West and Central Africa. Soybean is one of the forage legumes it can be planted for high-protein feed, such as grazing, haying, or ensiling. It grazed or harvested from the flowering stage to near maturity for use as high-quality hay. Soybean has great future potential as a high protein and nutritious forage. This review is focusing on the forage production and adoption in Ethiopia. This work includes a critical review of several published journals, publications, and studies related to animal feeding. The development of Ethiopia's livestock sub-sector is hampered by several restrictions, one of which being a lack of feed and poor feeding practices. In Ethiopia, feed scarcity, particularly during the dry season, is the most significant barrier to optimal output. The introduction of legume forages in farming systems could be one solution to tackle these constraints. Soybean is a forage legume and a candidate fodder that can aid in nutrient reduction in agricultural leftovers and natural pastures. A soybean plant has a nutritional value comparable to early-bloom alfalfa, which is high in protein and easily digestible by lactating dairy cows. Animal evaluation feed trial should be implemented to know the effect of the feeding value of forage soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill].
Barriers to Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Among Refugees Living with HIV/AIDS in Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Bruno Ebong , Rodrigue Yemene , Robert Tefe , Nsongmayi Ekwi , Isabelle Lendem , Claude Mballa , Martine Nke , Carole Edima , Patient Mbebi , Claude Bika , Dieudonné Adiogo , Carole Eboumbou
Published: December 2024

The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) depends on adherence. Adherence is necessary to reduce the risk of resistance, restore immunity, and reduce incidence, morbidity and mortality. Data on the ratio of refugees and conflict-affected people living with HIV and on ART needs are scarce. The objective of this study is to identify barriers to ART adherence among refugees living with HIV/AIDS in Douala. In a cross-sectional, analytical study conducted among refugees living with HIV/AIDS in Douala and followed in health facilities that are partners of the High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR). Adherence was evaluated on the basis of patient declarations (declared adherence) and the regularity of the renewal of their prescriptions (calculated adherence). The quantitative data collected with the anonymous questionnaire administered after informed consent was entered with Epi Info version 7.1.3.0. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out with SPSS version 17.0, which allowed us to determine the association between predisposing factors and adherence to antiretroviral treatment using Pearson's Chi-square test. 200 refugees meeting our inclusion criteria were interviewed. The average length of follow-up was 4 years. The average age was 40.66 ± 9.35 years and the sex ratio was 2.39 in favour of the female sex. 91.5% of the refugees had started treatment more than a year ago. The level of reported compliance was significantly lower than the overall level of calculated compliance (67.5% vs. 71.0%, P=0.000). The main obstacles to adherence were forgetting and lack of food. People who received accurate information about their illness were more observant (P=0.000). Adherence to antiretroviral treatment was best when the year of initiation of treatment was two years or more (P=0.000) and the patient knew the duration of treatment (p=0.000). The low adherence rate (<95%) among refugees was related to several factors. The difference observed between the results of the two methods used to estimate adherence shows us the need for biological methods in assessing the level of treatment adherence. Measures will be needed to improve the level of adherence among refugees, including the strengthening of psycho-social support.
Improvement of Chronic Morning Hand Stiffness and Pain with Stellate Ganglion Block in a Seronegative Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Kang Dong , Ryu Sie , Kim Doo , Kim Ju , Chung Hyung , Kim Ji
Published: December 2024

Chronic hand pain poses a clinical challenge, especially when standard diagnostic tests return negative results. This case report details a 45-year-old woman who experienced persistent stiffness and pain in both hands for 20 years, which was effectively treated with a stellate ganglion block (SGB). The patient, employed in an office setting that required extensive computer use, noticed her symptoms worsened during busy work periods. Despite negative blood tests for rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, and other inflammatory markers, she endured prolonged morning stiffness and pain. Previous treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were either ineffective or poorly tolerated. After receiving three weekly SGB treatments, the patient reported significant relief from pain and stiffness, with her Numerical Rating Scale score dropping from 7 to 2 and stiffness decreasing by about 50%. Similar improvements were noted with left-sided SGB treatments. At a three-month follow-up, the patient remained mostly symptom-free, experiencing a notable enhancement in her quality of life and work performance. This case indicates that SGB may serve as an effective alternative for treating seronegative chronic hand pain syndromes, particularly in patients unresponsive to traditional therapies. The mechanism behind SGB's effectiveness is complex, involving the modulation of sympathetic nervous system activity, inhibition of pain signal transmission, and promotion of vasodilation. While this case showed remarkable treatment outcomes, similar results may not be guaranteed for all patients. More research is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of SGB for similar patient populations and to assess its potential cost-effectiveness in managing chronic pain conditions.
Performance Evaluation of the Melkassa-Made Engine-Driven Maize Sheller
Authors: Abeye Tesfaye , Amhed Amhedie , Anewuteh Dereje
Published: December 2024

The strategy of Ethiopian mechanization is to minimize postharvest loss. The methods of crop production were traditional. It involves high drudgery, low quality and quantity, time-consuming, and inefficient operation. To minimize loss, the sheller, thresher, and storage developed. But the performance was not clearly determined for researchers and manufacturers for selection and multiplication. The target of this research was the evaluation of Melkassa maize Sheller. It was conducted at three levels of feed rate: 7500, 6500, and 500 kg/hr., and speed: 700, 650, and 600 rpm. The moisture is 14 percent and maize LIMU variety. Split plot design of feed rate as the main factor and drum speed as a sub factor. The maximum shelling capacity of 6608.9 kg/h was achieved at a feed rate of 750 kg/h and a speed of 700 rpm. Where the minimum obtained at 5000 kg/hr and a speed of 600 rpm is 4242.27 kg/hr. The highest efficiency was 99.9 percent, the maximum breakage was 1.06 percent. The maximum fuel consumption is 2.347214 L/hr. The machine can significantly reduce drudgery and save time, energy, and cost of operation. As a suggestion, if engine changed to tractor attached will increase the requisition of technologies.
History of Women in Neurosurgery (WIN) in Senegal
Authors: Mbaye Maguette , Sambou Natacha , Gaye-Sakho Magatte , Doumbia Nantenin , Badiane Seydou
Published: December 2024

Women in neurosurgery (WIN) occupy an increasingly visible place, even if the discipline remains historically male-dominated. In Senegal, the discipline is gradually opening up to women, and many young female doctors are interested in this specialty. Despite advances in issues related to gender equity, barriers to recruiting and retaining women in neurosurgery continue to exist. Attracting women to neurosurgery can capitalize on strategies, such as mentoring, teaching leadership and negotiating skills, and job sharing or dual training tracks to name a few, that would benefit both men and women passionate about pursuing neurosurgery. The lack of a critical mass of females in neurosurgery can translate to greater difficulties in establishing a supportive network and a greater likelihood of feeling isolated as a result. Lifestyle considerations are a major concern to both genders when choosing a career; even more so in Africa, where women play a central role in the management of household chores and the education of children. The number of women entering neurosurgery training programs and the number of female neurosurgeons graduating are increasing in Senegal. The aim of this work is to share the experience and to take stock of the situation of women in neurosurgery in Senegal.
The Paradox of Choice: The Intersection of Freedom and Anxiety
Authors: Hassen Mohammed
Published: December 2024

In the tapestry of contemporary existence, individuals find themselves confronted by an unprecedented myriad of options, each thread promising a path to self-realization and fulfillment. This profusion, ostensibly a testament to freedom (F) and autonomy (A), paradoxically casts a shadow of existential angst (A), indecision (C), and discontent. This article explores the philosophical dimensions of the paradox of choice (PoC), drawing inspiration from existentialist inquiry, utilitarian ethics, and psychological introspection. Through critical analysis and introspective exploration, in this article I argue that the paradox of choice (PoC) is not only an obstacle but also an opportunity for personal growth and realization. By examining the ontological tension between freedom (F) and anxiety (A) latent within the labyrinthine of modern choices, this article aims to illuminate pathways toward transcendence and authenticity (U). It seeks not mere coping mechanisms but profound insights and practices aimed at harmonizing the human will with the boundless possibilities that populate our contemporary landscape of existence; symbolically: PoC = (C∧A∧F)∨U.
Alessi on the Essence of Religion: Philosophical Reflections
Authors: Ozioko Johnson
Published: December 2024

The primary task of Philosophy of Religion is that of trying to provide answer to the question of the essential meaning of religion: “what is religion?”, “what constitutes the essence of religion?” Through the ages, but especially since the emergence of Philosophy of Religion as an academic discipline in the modern period, numerous thinkers have in different ways proffered answers to this enigmatic question. Perhaps inspired by Aquinas’ definition of religion as “ordo ad Deum”, the contemporary Italian philosopher, Adriano Alessi, defines the essence of religion, “formaliter sumpta”, as “religio est essentialiter conscia et recta ordinatio hominis ad divinitatem”. He argues perspicaciously that this definition captures the complex sense of the term religion as an integral human fact which embraces within itself the human being’s radical openness to the divine, his conscious experience of the divine, as well as the plexus of his expressions of his relationship with the divine in history. Though acknowledging that his is not a perfect definition of the essence of religion, and so is subject to ulterior modifications of perfectioning, he is however convinced of its correctness in defining the essence of religion. This essay wishes to analyse Alessi’s innovative definition of the essence of religion, examine the fresh insight he brings to the appreciation the Aquinas’ seminal doctrine on the essence of religion, the shed some light on the relevance of his contribution to the contemporary philosophical search for the essential meaning of religion.
Optimizing Exercise Interval for Arterial Stiffness Improve-Ment in Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Xiao Haili , Ren Jianchang
Published: December 2024

By decreasing the interval periods and increasing the frequency of exercise bouts, we were able to confirm our hypothesis that middle-aged adults could achieve a greater reduction in arterial stiffness through intermittent exercise. Thirty middle-aged males were randomly divided into a control group (CON), continuous exercise group (CE), interval exercise long-long group (IELL), interval exercise long-short group (IELS), and interval exercise short-short group (IESS). The subjects performed moderate-intensity exercise on the treadmill. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was assessed before exercise, right after the session ended, and at 30 and 60 minutes into the recovery period. Changes in values from the baseline (∆CAVI) during each measurement were used for analysis. The control group showed no significant change in ∆CAVI, while all exercise groups showed a significant decrease at 0, 30, and 60 minutes. The exercise groups had significantly lower ∆CAVI than the control group at 0 and 30 minutes. At 60 minutes, the IESS group had a significantly lower ∆CAVI than the control group. Additionally, at 0 and 30 minutes, the IELS and IESS groups had a significantly lower ∆CAVI than the CE group. Hence, interval exercise is more effective than continuous exercise regardless of the total duration, but the effectiveness depends on the interval duration and number of repetitions.
Bibliometric Study on the Determinants of Building Design Management Practice
Authors: Agegn Adamu , Meharie Meseret , Dinku Getahun
Published: December 2024

Design management plays a critical role in overseeing the design process and fostering effective collaboration within organizations, yet its conceptual understanding remains fragmented due to limited cohesive research literature. To address this gap, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the determinants of building design management practices, aiming to provide insights that enhance design management in building projects. Utilizing web-based data collection, scientific articles from specialized construction industry journals were analyzed through performance analysis and scientific mapping, with data clustering and visualization conducted using Visualization of Similarities Viewer (VOSviewer version 1.6.18). The findings identify key determinants such as building energy management, building type and users, building information modeling, design management services, project management, and sustainable design and value engineering, alongside challenges including integration and collaboration issues, operational and maintenance difficulties, information and communication gaps, design quality concerns, reduced trust levels, and ambiguities in roles and responsibilities. This study underscores the evolving nature of building design management, emphasizes the need to improve design quality, and offers recommendations for regulatory bodies, project managers, and design managers, while suggesting future research directions.
Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Treatment of Oilfield Produced Water
Authors: Qiaoli Shan , Fan Zhang , Wei Shen , Junmin Xu
Published: December 2024

The quality of produced water in oil and gas field is complex and difficult to treat. Ultrasonic water treatment technology has a good effect on degradation of organic polymers and demulsification, but its application is limited due to energy consumption and other reasons, and it has not been industrialized in oil and gas field water treatment. Through ultrasonic mechanism research, water quality characteristics analysis and a large number of small simulation tests, the test results show that for complex produced water with high salt content, high turbidity and high emulsification, under the ultrasonic frequency of 39.5kHz, ultrasonic time of 30min and operation conditions of 25°C, the oil removal effect can be achieved at 66W power. The oil content is reduced from 77.9mg/L in the inlet water to 1.87mg/L in the outlet water, and the oil removal rate can reach more than 95% to meet the expected demand. In the case of the mature development of green electricity technology, this study provides a new technical idea for the efficient treatment of produced water in oil and gas fields, and provides a basic research basis for the industrial application of ultrasonic treatment process and the collaborative application of combined with other processes.
Evaluation of the Glycemic Index of Protein- and Fiber-Rich Biscuits Designed for Healthy Snacking
Authors: Bhoite Rachana , Immadisetti Praneeth , Kalpana Natarajan , Padmavathi Soundararajan , Gayathri Rajagopal , Sudha Vasudevan , Anjana Ranjit , Mohan Viswanathan
Published: December 2024

The glycemic index (GI) is a measure that classifies carbohydrate-rich foods according to their impact on blood glucose levels. Foods with a low GI are digested and absorbed at a slower rate, leading to a gradual increase in blood sugar, which helps maintain steady energy levels and reduce the risk of chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the GI of protein- and fiber-rich biscuits to determine their suitability as a low-GI food option. Using a randomized crossover design, participants aged 18–45 years with a body mass index of 18.5–22.9 kg/m² were instructed to consume both test and reference foods on separate occasions. Blood samples were collected at multiple time points post-consumption, and the GI was determined by calculating the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for the test food and expressing it as a percentage of the reference food’s IAUC. The GI of the nutritionally formulated diabetic biscuits (test food) was estimated to be 54±2, classifying them as low-GI food. These biscuits led to a significant reduction in capillary blood glucose levels at several post-consumption intervals, supporting their potential as a dietary option for prediabetic and diabetic individuals. Our findings indicate that high-protein, high-fiber, low-GI biscuits may offer nutritional benefits for prediabetic and diabetic individuals by supporting blood glucose control. This study highlights the potential role of low-GI foods in diabetes management, emphasizes the importance of GI testing for foods aimed at glycemic control, and reinforces the need for transparent nutritional labeling to impact consumer choices.
Investigation into the Potential of Dry Mango Leaves Powder as Eco-Friendly Additive in Water-Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Broni-Bediako Eric , Ocran Daniel , Appiah Kwabena , Charway Solomon
Published: December 2024

The drilling process relies on drilling fluids to create a safe, usable and cost-effective wellbore. Many additives used to maintain drilling fluid properties are non-biodegradable and pose environmental and human health risks. This concern has increased interest in exploring eco-friendly materials as additives in water-based mud. This study investigated the impact of Dry Mango Leaves Powder (DMLP), obtained from the Kent Mango Tree, as an additive in water-based mud. DMLP was prepared by crushing and sieving it to a 75-micron size. Five drilling fluid samples were created: four with different DMLP concentrations (1.75 g to 7.0 g) and one control without DMLP. The samples were aged for 16 hours at room temperature before assessing the mud weight, pH, and filtration characteristics at room temperature and rheological properties at 77 °F (25 °C), 120 °F (48.8 °C) and 150 °F (65.5 °C). The properties were determined by following the standards of the American Petroleum Institute. The results demonstrated that DMLP effectively reduced alkalinity by 25.2% at a concentration of 7.0g. Rheological values and plastic viscosity decreased with increasing DMLP concentration at 77 °F, 120 °F and 150 °F, though there were no significant changes in the yield point. The addition of DMLP improved gel strengths with the difference in the final and initial gel strength staying below lb/100ft² at all concentrations and temperatures, except for a concentration of 1.75 g at 77 °F. The addition of 7.0 g of DMLP reduced the fluid loss by 22.4%. Although DMLP showed potential in improving gel strength and fluid loss, its effectiveness as a weighting agent remains limited. This study demonstrates the potential of DMLP as an eco-friendly additive to enhance certain properties of water-based mud, making it a promising alternative for sustainable drilling operations.
A Comparative Study for Iohexol and Ioversol Effects on Renal Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Intervention Treatment
Authors: Shen Songlin , Zhu Binxia , Zhang Renfeng
Published: December 2024

Objective: To compare the effects of iohexol and ioversol on the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) and renal function in patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); to investigate the related risk factors of CIN in patients after PCI; to evaluate the preventative effect of different dose of atorvastatin on the incidence of CIN in the patients after PCI. Methods: 140 patients who received PCI were chosen as research subjects in the Third People's Hospital of Mianyang from June 2013 to March 2015, which were randomly divided into iohexol group and ioversol group (74 cases for iohexol group, 66 cases for ioversol group). It was recorded that the patients’ general condition, blood routine test, urine examination, renal function, etc before and after PCI. And it was observed after PCI that the dosage of contrast material, the numbers of damaged coronary artery and implanting stent, the exposure time of contrast material, etc. Results: The incidences of CIN for iohexol and ioversol were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The differences between the two groups in the Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine β2- microglobulin (β2-MG), and cystatin C (Cys C) before and after PCI were not obvious (P > 0.05) ; the changes of Scr, β2-MG, CysC, GFR of the patients before and after PCI in the two groups were significant (P<0.05), but the change of BUN was not significant (P > 0.05).Through multiple regression analysis, it was found that type 2 diabetes (OR = 9.560, P=0.001), two coronary artery implanting stents (OR = 6.252, P=0.044), three and above coronary artery implanting stents (OR=12.499, P=0.009) were independent risk factors of CIN. It was not significantly different that the effects of 20mg atorvastatin and 40mg atorvastatin on the incidence of CIN, Scr and GFR (P>0.05). Conclusion: There are no significant differences in the incidence of CIN and renal function for PCI patients with ioversol or iohexol. Moreover, diabetes and two or more coronary artery implanting stents are independent risk factors for CIN in PCI patients. It doesn’t show any benefits for PCI patients to take the large dose of atorvastatin to prevent CIN before operation.
Intermediary Level Drivers and Sustainability of MSE’s in Kenya
Authors: Musyoki Edna , Senelwa Anaya , Mugambi Allan
Published: December 2024

Medium-sized enterprises (MSEs) account for 90 percent of businesses operating in Kenya, contributing up to 60% of total employment and up to 40% of GDP in emerging economies. MSEs have more flexibility to quickly adapt and change to meet necessary environmental and social targets. Thus, with the right strategy, MSEs can offer both economic prosperity and environmental protection. It raises an important question: What drives MSEs to consider sustainability in their practices? The study conducted empirical research to establish the Influence of intermediary-level drivers on the sustainability of MSEs in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The unit of analysis was the MSEs registered by KAM with standard regulations classified as MSE, which are distributed in the s economic regional blocs. A simple random sampling technique and a probabilistic sampling technique were used to select 298 respondents, forming the observation unit. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire. Ordinary Least Square regression was used to analyze data. Before conducting the regression analysis, data was pretested to check for reliability using the internal consistency method, and construct validity was tested using the Bartlett Test of Sphericity and Kaiser Meyer Olkin test of sampling adequacy. The model fit was statistically significant. The study rejected the null hypothesis. In conclusion, Intermediary-Level Drivers play a crucial role in MSE sustainability. The study recommends that SMEs embrace digital transformation and social media marketing to nurture Intermediary-Level Drivers. Government and industry associations should offer training and resources to help MSEs develop digital marketing skills.
The Influence of Professional Development of Teachers and Principals in the Implementation of Curriculum in Middle Education of Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Gizachew Mandado , Areaya Solomon
Published: December 2024

This study was intended to explore the influence PD of teachers and principals influence in the curriculum implementation of middle education. The study employed a qualitative methodology guided by the interpretive paradigm. Participants of the study were purposely selected four teachers and one school principal from three different schools and the total number of research participants was fifteen. Interview, focus group discussion and document analysis were used as data gathering tools. Findings of the study indicated that there was a difference between schools in the case of implementation and teachers involvement due to some exposers of PD and commitments of teachers. Problems observed in three schools analyzed indicated that trying to think the only way for professional development is CPD launched 20 years ago. It was indicated that current practice of professional development is not sufficient to improve practice of curriculum implementation even if there are some strong sides in the case of some teachers’ involvement. Some of the critical challenges which hindered the practice of PD were not applying strategies of PD that were planned in ESDP six and lack of curricular resources at school level in the case of new curriculum implementation. This has also led to problems of teachers’ professional competence and issues of PD of educators influence the practice of curriculum implementation. Finally, based on findings the ways to improve professional development of teachers and principals was forwarded.
The Design of Virtual Laboratory of Moleular Biology Based on Flash Technique─Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Shengjian Ma , Jialing Huang , Jintu He
Published: December 2024

With the development of information technology, virtual reality technology has been applied to every field of teaching. This paper showed the design process, design concept and content settings of the virtual experiment based on Flash technology, which used the agarose gel electrophoresis as an example, and illustrated the research and development of this kind of virtual laboratory was important to improve the quality of experimental teaching.
Early Discontinuation of Implanon and Its Determinants Among Women Who Ever Used Implanon: A Cross-Sectional Study in Oromia Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Defa Damitu , Wodajo Legesse
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Contraceptive utilization reduces maternal mortality and improves child survival. The reasons for ineffective practices need proper exploration. However, in the study area, information on the level of early Implanon discontinuation and contributing factors is scarce. Objective: To assess early Implanon discontinuation and associated factors among women seeking Implanon removal services in public health facilities in Asalla Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods and materials: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 27, 2021, to April 27, 2021, among 388 Implanon user women. They were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire using a face-to-face interviewer and entered Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Then the early Implanon discontinuation and related factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Factors that have significant association declared using p values less than 5% with 95%. Results: A total of 388 participants responded to the questionnaires, for a response rate of 100%. Among the users of Implanon, 318 (83.7%) discontinued treatment early. Husband educational level (primary) (adjusted OR=0.06 (95% CI: 0.01-0.56), no husband (adjusted OR=0.06 (95% CI: 0.01-0.41), women who needed to go abroad (adjusted OR, 0.09: 95% CI(0.02-0.39)), age (25-29 years) (adjusted OR=0.15 (95% CI: 0.03-0.86) and number of children (adjusted OR=0.04 (95% CI: 0.02-0.78)) were significantly associated with Implanon discontinuation. Conclusion and recommendation: The early Implanon discontinuation rate in this study was very high (83.7%). Having educated partner and more number of children (4-5) were more likely to continue the LARCs, while having no husband and a need to go oversea had less drive than husband objection towards early removal among the study group. The age between 25-29 years were related with more sustained use of LARCs to the expected period than those in 15-19. Effort should be made to address women's health and fertility in the programs to increase the continuation rate of Implanon use.