bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stadtgrün und Stadtblau im Klimawandel
Authors: Kistemann Thomas , Zerbe Stefan , Säumel Ina , Fehr Rainer
Published: November 2023

Um die urbanen Gesundheitsrisiken des Klimawandels nachhaltig zu reduzieren und
zu managen, sind Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung als komplementäre
Strategien dringend erforderlich. Seit Jahrzehnten sind vielfältige
positive Wirkungen von Stadtgrün und Stadtblau auf die physische und die
mentale Gesundheit bekannt. Allerdings gibt es in den meisten Städten
eine intensive Konkurrenz um die Nutzung von Flächen. Im Sinne der
europäischen Aalborg-Charta von 1994 verlangt das deutsche Baurecht in
diesem anspruchsvollen Kontext, dass Bauleitpläne eine nachhaltige
städtebauliche Entwicklung gewährleisten sollen. Die menschliche
Gesundheit ist dabei ein Belang von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Realität
bleibt aber herausfordernd: Zwar gibt es inzwischen eine ganze Reihe von best
practice-Beispielen. Nach wie vor besteht aber ein großer
Forschungsbedarf zur Bedeutung urbaner Grün- und Blauräume
für die menschliche Gesundheit und das gesundheitliche Wohlbefinden.
Zudem müssen alle relevanten Politikfelder und Verwaltungseinheiten ein
Bewusstsein für die Bedeutung von Grün und Blau für
urbane Lebensqualität und Gesundheit entwickeln, um
„Gesundheit“ in städtischen Entscheidungsprozessen
adäquat und sozial sensibel zu berücksichtigen.
Stadtepidemiologie als integrativer Ansatz für eine
nachhaltige, gesundheitsfördernde Stadtentwicklung
Authors: Bolte Gabriele , Moebus Susanne , Fehr Rainer
Published: November 2023

Das Verständnis komplexer Zusammenhänge zwischen physischer und
sozialer Lebensumwelt und Gesundheit im urbanen Raum ist essentiell für
die Entwicklung geeigneter Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung,
Prävention und des Gesundheitsschutzes. Dieser Beitrag hat zum Ziel, den
vergleichsweise neuen Ansatz der Stadtepidemiologie mit ihrer Bedeutung
für das Forschungs- und Praxisfeld urbane
Gesundheit/StadtGesundheit zu charakterisieren. Forschung im Bereich
Stadtepidemiologie bietet wichtige Daten- und Methodengrundlagen für
eine integrierte Berichterstattung, für
Gesundheitsfolgenabschätzungen sowie für Evaluation von
Maßnahmen. Es werden aktuelle Herausforderungen und
Lösungsansätze skizziert und erste Empfehlungen für
Forschung, Praxis sowie Aus- und Fortbildung zur Diskussion gestellt. Methoden
und Erkenntnisse der Stadtepidemiologie können auf vielfältige
Weise zu einer gesundheitsfördernden, nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung
beitragen.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of rac-cis- and rac-trans-4-Hydroxyphosphopipecolic Acids
Authors: Ordóñez Mario , Morales-Solís Juan Carlos , Argüello-Velasco Rubén Oswaldo , Viveros-Ceballos José Luis , Labastida-Galván Victoria
Published: November 2023

We report herein the first stereodivergent synthesis of rac-cis- and rac-trans-4-hydroxyphosphopipecolic acids. The main feature of this methodology is the controlled cis or trans reduction of 4-oxophosphopipecolates by exclusively varying the size of the hydride reagents. Thus, a small hydride reagent (NaBH4) adds selectively from the axial side of the carbonyl group to give the equatorial hydroxyl group (cis-product), whereas a bulky hydride reagent such as LiBH(sec-Bu)3 (L-Selectride®) preferentially attacks from the equatorial side, giving the hydroxyl group in the axial position (trans-product). In the last step, hydrolysis of the diethyl phosphonate and ethyl phenylphosphinate groups with bromotrimethylsilane, followed by methanolysis, led to the target compounds.
Outcomes after Conversion from Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy to Thoracotomy
Authors: Taylor Marcus , Raj Krishna Gokul , Rammohan Kandadai , Fontaine Eustace , Joshi Vijay , Grant Stuart , Granato Felice
Published: November 2023

Background Lung cancer resections are increasingly being performed via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Conversion to thoracotomy can occur for many reasons and may affect outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of VATS conversion on short- and mid-term outcomes and identify reasons for conversion.

Methods Consecutive patients undergoing lobectomy for primary non-small cell lung cancer between 2012 and 2019 in a single UK center were included. Primary outcomes were 90-day mortality, intraoperative conversion, and overall survival. Reasons for conversion were defined as bleeding or nonbleeding. Outcomes were compared between groups using univariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for conversion.

Results A total of 2,622 patients were included with 20.6% (n = 541) completing surgery via VATS and 79.4% (n = 2,081) via thoracotomy. The rate of completed VATS surgery increased significantly over time (2012: 6.9%, 2019: 55.1%, p < 0.001). Overall conversion rate was 14.3% (n = 90/631) and has reduced significantly over time (p < 0.001). The rate of conversion due to intraoperative bleeding was 31.1% (n = 28/90). Obesity, male sex, and stage III disease were independent risk factors for conversion. The 90-day mortality rate after conversion was not significantly different from the rate for planned thoracotomy (3.3 vs. 3.4%, p = 0.987). There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients experiencing intraoperative conversion and those undergoing planned thoracotomy (p = 0.135).

Conclusion This study demonstrates comparable outcomes for patients undergoing conversion from VATS to those undergoing planned surgery via thoracotomy. It remains unclear if reason for conversion is associated with outcomes.
Reproductive Surgery in Females with Obesity: Reproductive Consequences of Obesity and Applications for Surgical Care
Authors: Marshall Ciara , Estes Stephanie J.
Published: November 2023

Obesity is the most common medical problem in women of reproductive age. The surgical applications for this population, many of who are interested in current or future fertility, are critical to safe and effective evaluation and management of issues that impact the reproductive system. As rates of obesity continue to rise worldwide, it is projected that one in two individuals will have obesity by 2030 leading to increasing numbers of individuals affected by a disease process that has implications for their gynecologic surgical care, fertility-related assessment, and infertility treatment. Offering patients with obesity access to safe reproductive surgery is a cornerstone of reproductive autonomy. This review will summarize current recommendations regarding surgical concepts for the operating room, office hysteroscopy, oocyte retrieval, and embryo transfer in female patients with obesity.
YouTube Itak: a description of Ainu-related videos
Authors: Vargas Meza Xanat , Hayashi-Simpliciano R. Shizuko , Yokoyama Takumi , Nishimura Chieko , Nishida Ryohei , Ochiai Yoichi
Published: November 2023

The Ainu are an Indigenous group currently living primarily in Japan. Following the cultural revitalisation of laws and social movements and the appropriation of new technologies, Ainu communities are increasingly using social media to disseminate their culture. However, research on the Ainu people has rarely discussed their communication strategies in current media. In this study, a total of 428 Ainu-related videos uploaded on YouTube were analysed. Basic information about the videos was obtained through the YouTube application programming interface and additional information was acquired by watching them. The videos were categorised into three groups: those produced only by Ainu people, with Ainu people, or without Ainu collaborators. Statistical and qualitative differences between release and upload dates, keywords, categories, conceptualisers, producers, presenters, YouTube metrics, tags, and video descriptions were used to uncover the different types of content created and/or endorsed by Ainu people and the communication strategies used by them and their allies. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods based on Indigenous communication approaches adopted in this study proved to be useful in understanding Indigenous media in online contexts.
Effect of microstructure evolution induced by LP on hydrogen permeation behavior of 316L stainless steel
Authors: Jiang Yunfeng , Huang Shu , Sheng Jie , Liu Qiang , Agyenim-Boateng Emmanuel , Song Yunjian , Zhu Mingliang , Hu Yongxiang
Published: November 2023

In order to investigate the hydrogen permeation behavior of 316L stainless steel during the microstructural evolution induced by laser peening (LP), an electrochemical hydrogen charging system for initial hydrogen charging of LPed and non-LPed specimen was developed. Afterward, the microhardness, residual stress, and microstructures of the samples were determined and analyzed. Finally, electrochemical hydrogen permeation experiments were undertaken to verify LP's influence on hydrogen permeation parameters of 316L. The results showed that LP reduced the hydrogen-induced hardening rate of the alloy and additionally invoked high magnitude compressive residual stress on its surface. At the layer close to the face of the specimen, the grain refinement rate was as high as 56.18%, which was accompanied by the appearance of high-density dislocations. Compared with the non-LPed sample, the hydrogen permeation time increased significantly, and the saturation current density in steady state hydrogen permeation also decreased gradually.
Excitons in (Al,Ga)N quantum dots and quantum wells grown on (0001)-oriented AlN templates: Emission diagrams and valence band mixings
Authors: Ibanez Alexandra , Nikitskiy Nikita , Zaiter Aly , Valvin Pierre , Desrat Wilfried , Cohen Thomas , Ajmal Khan M. , Cassabois Guillaume , Hirayama Hideki , Genevet Patrice , Brault Julien , Gil Bernard
Published: November 2023

The luminescence efficiency of AlxGa1−xN quantum dots (QDs) and quantum wells (QWs), buried in AlN cladding layers and emitting in the ultraviolet range between 234 and 310 nm, has been investigated. The growth and optical properties have been done using similar aluminum composition (varying from 0.4 to 0.75) for both QDs and QWs. In order to compare as much as possible the optical properties, the QWs were fabricated with a growth time tuned such that the QW width is similar to the average height of the QDs. The photoluminescence (PL) showed emission ranging from 4 to 5.4 eV, putting into evidence differences in terms of full width at half maximum, PL intensity, and asymmetry of the line shape between QDs and QWs. The results show shorter wavelengths and a slightly narrower PL linewidth for QWs. To determine the light emission dependence with the electric field direction in the crystal, the evolutions of the emission diagrams for all samples were recorded along two orthogonal directions, namely, the “in-plane” (growth) and the “on-side” directions, from which the light emission was collected. For the whole QDs and QWs samples' series, the shapes of the emission diagram indicate emission in both in-plane and on-side directions, as evidenced by intra-valence band mixings caused by strain effects combined with the anisotropic Coulomb interactions that are particularly contributing to the polarization at wavelengths below 260 nm. Furthermore, the degree of polarization, determined for each sample, showed good agreement with results from the literature.
Tuning the electronic and optical properties of small organic acenedithiophene molecular crystals for photovoltaic applications: First principles calculations
Authors: Lazaar Koussai , Gueddida Saber , Said Moncef , Lebègue Sébastien
Published: November 2023

Periodic density functional theory was employed to investigate the impact of chemical modifications on the properties of π-conjugated acenedithiophene molecular crystals. Here, we highlight the importance of the β-methylthionation effect, the position of the sulfur atoms of the thiacycle group and their size, and the number of central benzene rings in the chemical modification strategy. Our results show that the introduction of the methylthio groups at the β-positions of the thiophene and the additional benzene ring at the center of the BDT crystal structure are a promising strategy to improve the performance of organic semiconductors, as observed experimentally. We found that β-MT-ADT exhibits large charge carrier mobility, which is in good agreement with the experimental results and comparable to that of rubrene. In addition, the electronic and optical properties of these ambipolar materials suggest promising performances with β-MT-ADT > ADT >β-MT-NDT > NDT > BEDT-BDT >β-MT-BDT > BDT. Moreover, functionalization with thiacycle-fused sulfur atoms of different sizes and numbers improve the properties of BDT but is still less efficient than the methylthionation effect. Overall, our findings suggest a promising molecular modification strategy for possibly high performance ambipolar organic semiconducting materials.
Drop collision analysis by using many-body dissipative particle dynamics and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Fang Wei , Ye Sang , Yu Zhiyuan , Chen Shuo , Lv Cunjing , Feng Xi-Qiao
Published: November 2023

Droplet collisions are widely observed in daily life and industries. The study of droplet collision dynamics can guide engineering applications in, for examples, inkjet printing, fan cooling, and engine spraying. In this Letter, a numerical simulation method of droplet collision is proposed on the basis of the many-body dissipative particle dynamics. For the collision of two droplets of the same size, the post-collision morphology is analyzed in terms of two key factors: the initial eccentricity parameter and the Weber number. Then, the collision morphology is learned and classified in conjunction with a multilayer perceptron in order to quickly predict the collision morphology from the initial conditions. A machine learning model linking the initial conditions of collision with the post-collision droplet morphology is developed based on three typical morphologies generated by the collision of identical volume droplets. This study provides more insights into droplet dynamics and may benefit related engineering applications.
Gradient boosted and statistical feature selection workflow for materials property predictions
Authors: Jung Son Gyo , Jung Guwon , Cole Jacqueline M.
Published: November 2023

With the emergence of big data initiatives and the wealth of available chemical data, data-driven approaches are becoming a vital component of materials discovery pipelines or workflows. The screening of materials using machine-learning models, in particular, is increasingly gaining momentum to accelerate the discovery of new materials. However, the black-box treatment of machine-learning methods suffers from a lack of model interpretability, as feature relevance and interactions can be overlooked or disregarded. In addition, naive approaches to model training often lead to irrelevant features being used which necessitates the need for various regularization techniques to achieve model generalization; this incurs a high computational cost. We present a feature-selection workflow that overcomes this problem by leveraging a gradient boosting framework and statistical feature analyses to identify a subset of features, in a recursive manner, which maximizes their relevance to the target variable or classes. We subsequently obtain minimal feature redundancy through multicollinearity reduction by performing feature correlation and hierarchical cluster analyses. The features are further refined using a wrapper method, which follows a greedy search approach by evaluating all possible feature combinations against the evaluation criterion. A case study on elastic material-property prediction and a case study on the classification of materials by their metallicity are used to illustrate the use of our proposed workflow; although it is highly general, as demonstrated through our wider subsequent prediction of various material properties. Our Bayesian-optimized machine-learning models generated results, without the use of regularization techniques, which are comparable to the state-of-the-art that are reported in the scientific literature.
A numerical analysis of particle encapsulation in a flow-focusing droplet generation device
Authors: Fatehifar Maryam , Revell Alistair , Jabbari Masoud , De Rosis Alessandro
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the process of encapsulating solid particle(s) into liquid droplets in a high-throughput flow-focusing microchannel is investigated numerically. Open source software is used, which computes fluid flow in an Eulerian framework and particle dynamics with a Lagrangian approach. Previous studies have demonstrated that if no action is taken, particles suspended in a liquid passing through a flow-focusing microchannel will be encapsulated at random. This is perhaps unsurprising, but in one such study, less than 35% of droplets were found to contain exactly one particle. The two aims of this study are (i) to explore the flow patterns arising in a microfluidic channel and (ii) to elucidate the effect of salient governing parameters on encapsulation efficiency (i.e., the fraction of droplets encapsulating one particle) by focusing on ordering the particles before reaching the droplet generation section. Following validation against experimental reference data, the capillary number is varied across the three droplet generation regimes: squeezing, dripping, and jetting. We demonstrate that under certain conditions, an encapsulation frequency of 100% can be achieved with ordered particles, but in most cases, this is significantly lower. We examine the flow field to help understand how this non-uniform distribution of particles occurs. Notably, we find the dripping to be the best option for particle encapsulation and in this case extend the study to explore the effect of junction angle, finding that an angle of 60° is the most favorable. Improved understanding of the encapsulation process derived from this study can help to improve design of high-throughput droplet generation microfluidic systems.
Insight of the high switching window and data retention in lead-free 2D layered double perovskite resistive memory device
Authors: Das Ujjal , Mishra Hari Krishna , Mallick Zinnia , Gupta Varun , Dehingia Anurag , Roy Asim , Mandal Dipankar
Published: November 2023

Lead-free robust halides double perovskites (DPs) are evolving as the key materials for the multi-functional resistive memory application. Herein, we aimed to enhance the switching window, i.e., current On/Off ratio by the cutting edge dimensional reduction of the three dimensional Cs2AgBiBr6 DP into two dimensional (2D) BA4AgBiBr8 (BA = butylammonium) DP and studied the insight of their resistive switching anomaly. We affirmed that the improved On/Off ratio (∼103 to ∼106) is attributed to the restricted charge transport in the high resistance state (HRS) of the BA4AgBiBr8 based switching device. The low HRS current can be ascribed to the synergies of higher Schottky barrier at the Au/BA4AgBiBr8 junction and higher thermal activation energy in the layered DP. Owing to the higher switching window in the 2D DP device, reproducible endurance (tested up to 500 cycles) and retentivity (tested up to 104 s) of the resistance states establish that the high On/Off ratio could be retained without significant deviation. The resistive memory behavior could be hypothesized by the charge trapping phenomenon in the BA4AgBiBr8 DP, as the charge retention was persisted over 60 min as evident from surface potential images of Kelvin probe force microscopy.
Unravelling the structural features of monosaccharide glyceraldehyde upon mono-hydration by quantum chemistry and rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Neeman E. M. , Huet T. R.
Published: November 2023

Water is a fundamental molecule for life, and investigating its interaction with monosaccharides is of great interest in order to understand its influence on their conformational behavior. In this study, we report on the conformational landscape of monosaccharide glyceraldehyde, the simplest aldose sugar, in the presence of a single water molecule in the gas phase. This investigation was performed using a combination of Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Out of the nine calculated conformers, only the lowest energy conformer was experimentally observed and characterized. Interestingly, the presence of water was found to induce structural features in the lowest energy conformer of the glyceraldehyde monomer, with water positioned between the alcohol groups. To analyze this interaction further, non-covalent interaction plots were employed to map the intermolecular interactions in the observed species. Additionally, natural bond orbital analysis was conducted to study the effects of charge transfer in the monohydrate system. Furthermore, topological analysis based on Bader’s Atoms in Molecules theory was performed to gain insights into the observed complex. The results of all three analyses consistently showed the formation of relatively strong hydrogen bonds between water and glyceraldehyde, leading to the formation of a seven-member ring network.
Dietary supplementation with tryptophan increases the plasma concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, and melatonin in Yili mares
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Zhao Guodong , Li Xiaobin , Han Ming , Zhang Shiqi , Deng Haifeng , Yang Kailun
Published: November 2023

Context Tryptophan (Trp) is the precursor of melatonin (MT) and the latter plays vital physiological roles in mares. Aims The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary Trp supplementation on the plasma Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT), and melatonin (MT) concentrations in female Yili horses. Methods Twenty Yili mares aged 2 years with mean bodyweight (BW) of 263.5 ± 14.77 kg and of similar stature were selected and randomly allocated to the control (CON; basal diet), basal diet plus Trp at 20 mg/kg BW (TRP1), basal diet plus Trp at 40 mg/kg BW (TRP2), or basal diet plus Trp at 60 mg/kg BW (TRP3) group. Key results The plasma total Trp, Kyn, and MT concentrations in all Trp groups steadily increased, reached their peak values, and gradually decreased after Trp supplementation between 0 h and 12 h. However, the plasma 5-HT concentration displayed the opposite trend. Peak plasma total Trp and 5-HT concentrations were attained between 1 h and 3 h, while those of KYN and MT appeared between 4 h and 6 h after Trp supplementation. The plasma total Trp and Kyn concentrations were significantly higher in TRP2 and TRP3 than in CON between 1 h and 12 h (P < 0.05) after Trp supplementation. The plasma 5-HT concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in TRP1 than in CON at 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 9 h, and 12 h after Trp supplementation. The plasma MT concentrations in TRP1 and TRP2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in CON at 3 h, 4 h, and 12 h, and at 0 h, 1 h, and 12 h after Trp supplementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary Trp supplementation can increase the plasma total Trp, Kyn, and MT concentrations in Yili mares and the optimal Trp dosage was 20 mg/kg BW. Implication The addition of Trp to a basal diet or feed may increase the plasma total Trp, Kyn, and MT concentrations in female horses.
The 2020 İzmir earthquake and its effect on COVID-19 cases
Authors: Durmaz Seyfi , Aslan Gönül , Durusoy Raika , Çiçek Candan
Published: November 2023

On 30 October 2020, an earthquake measuring 6.9 moment magnitude occurred between Kusadasi and Samos, Türkiye, with a significant impact on buildings in the Bornova–Bayraklı district of İzmir. Immediately afterwards, a comprehensive study was commenced to investigate the relationship between the earthquake that occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and case numbers at the Ege University, Faculty of Medicine’s Hospital in Bornova, İzmir. This cross-sectional study was carried out based on the records of those admitted to the university hospital with suspicion of COVID-19 in the pre-earthquake and post-earthquake periods of the pandemic. The microbiology laboratory of the hospital used reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results as a dependent variable and compared with the time, age and gender as the independent variables, classified according to the timing of the earthquake. RT-PCR test results were positive in 11.60% of the whole study group; however, tests were 6.69% positive before the earthquake and increased to 23.42% afterwards (P < 0.001), which equated to an increase of 4.25 times (95% CI 4.04–4.47) when comparing pre- to post-earthquake RT-PCR positivity (P < 0.001). The positive COVID-19 RT-PCR detection rate among those aged 50 and over was greater by a factor of 1.15 (95% CI 1.06–1.23) compared to a younger age group (P < 0.001). There was no difference for the gender variable used in suspected case or contact tracing applications of COVID-19 PCR. However, when stratified by age and gender, in the female group, there was a 1.24-fold (95% CI 1.11–1.38) increase in the 50+ age group (26.2%) compared to the younger age group (22.2%) after the earthquake (P < 0.001). In the male group, the rate of laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 before the earthquake was in the under-50 age group (7.6%) as compared to the >50 age group (5.2%; P < 0.001).
The risks and benefits of technologised sexual practice scale: a quantitative measure of technology facilitated sex and intimacy
Authors: Moor Lily , Anderson Joel R. , Power Jennifer , James Alexandra , Waling Andrea , Shackleton Nicole
Published: November 2023

Background Technologies such as the Internet, smartphones, and sex toys have demonstrated the capacity to facilitate and enhance sexual and intimate practice by offering new ways to meet sexual partners, maintain and establish intimate connections, and providing access to sexual education and exposure to new ways of engaging in sex. They have also afforded novel risks to safety, privacy, and sexual autonomy. Understanding how people perceive and experience both the risks and benefits of using technology to facilitate sex and intimacy is important to understanding contemporary sexual practice, health, and pleasure. However, research in this space is currently hampered by a lack of quantitative measures to accurately and holistically assess both the risks and benefits in the context of technologised sexual practices. Methods To facilitate a nuanced quantitative exploration of these concepts, we present the psychometric properties of the newly developed Risks and Benefits of Technologised Sexual Practice Scale. Results Using an exploratory (Study 1, n = 445) and confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2, n = 500), this paper presents evidence for a 6-factor scale (Benefits (3): ‘sexual gratification’, ‘connection’, and ‘access to information and culture’; Risks (3): ‘concerns’, ‘worries’, and ‘knowledge of rights and ownership’). Conclusion This scale may be used to contribute to research areas including sexual health, sexual behaviour, sexual education, online connection, online safety, and digital literacy with the aim to contribute to a sex- and technology-positive framework for understanding sexual health and pleasure.
Pseudopartitive constructions are not a subtype of nominal juxtaposition in Beserman
Authors: Serdobolskaya Natalia , Usacheva Maria
Published: November 2023

Juxtaposition as a machinery of building noun phrases is well-known to be widespread in Uralic languages: the
modifier is left-adjoined to the head and does not bear any morphological marker of syntactic dependency. This strategy is used to
attach adjectives, cardinals and modifying nominals to nouns (like in Beserman ǯ́aǯ́eg siĺ ‘goose meat’), and to
build constructions with measure nouns (like Beserman odig kə̑də̑ gibi ‘one basket of mushrooms’, lit. one basket
mushroom). However, there remains a question whether all these constructions share the same syntactic structure. We consider
pseudopartitive constructions with measure nouns in comparison with NPs containing non-marked modifying nominals and NPs with
adjectives, showing that they do not share the same syntactic structure. Constructions with unmarked modifying nominals show
properties of compounding, while pseudopartitives arguably have a measure phrase (a cardinal with a measure noun) and a noun
phrase (the quantified nominal), which is the head of the pseudopartitive construction. The syntactic properties we analyze
include constituent properties, branching, pronominalization, fragment questions, linear ordering restrictions, particular
properties of head ellipsis, and information structure effects.
On the syntax of postpositional phrasesin Mari
Authors: Burukina Irina
Published: November 2023

The paper discusses the syntax of postpositional constructions in Meadow Mari (Uralic, Morkinsko-Sernur dialect;
head-final, SOV). Building upon existing approaches to postpositions in the world’s languages, I propose that PPs in Mari may have
one of two underlying structures depending on the nature of the dependent but not on the nature of the adposition. PPs with a
pronominal dependent involve possession between the Ground and a location nominal. In PPs with a non-pronominal dependent
the Ground is merged directly into the complement position of a P head. I further expand the dataset and show that the two
configurations successfully capture the distribution of reflexive pronouns in PPs. The proposed analysis accounts for all the
relevant data: examples with independent and affixal postpositions and referential and pronominal dependents.
Beyond the deferential view of the Chinese V pronoun nin 您
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane , Liu Hao
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we revisit the long-held assumption that the Chinese second-person V pronoun
nin 您 is an essentially
‘deferential’ pronoun. We examine uses of nin in settings where disagreement occurs and where conventionally the
T pronoun ni would be preferred. Our research follows a bipartite design. First, we used a Discourse Completion
Test to discover under what circumstances Chinese speakers use nin if disagreement emerges. The results revealed
that uses of nin in disagreements are preferred in informal computer-mediated communication and by members of the
younger generation. Second, based on this outcome we examined naturally occurring uses of nin in online data
featuring disagreement. Here we relied on an interactional approach, which helped us to identify patterns of uses of
nin. The existence of patterns in seemingly ad hoc occurrences of online disagreement shows that expressing
deference is not the only pragmatic function of nin.
The melody of Spanish dubbed dialogue
Authors: Sánchez-Mompeán Sofía
Published: November 2023

Dubbed speech has often been accused of sounding artificial and somewhat exaggerated, mainly because it features a
type of melody that substantially differs from both spontaneous speech and domestic fictional dialogue. This paper explores the
most significant vocal patterns that shape a recognisable melody in Castilian-Spanish dubbed dialogue in order to ascertain
whether they really contribute to the artificiality of the target version or, on the contrary, help preserve the credibility of
the film production and viewers’ cinematic illusion. The discussion reveals that dubbed speech is characterised by certain vocal
features specific to this genre that, despite differing from the ones used in spontaneous speech and screen acting, appear to work
effectively in dubbing and are generally tolerated by audiences. There seems to be room, however, for naturalising some of these
patterns in an effort to achieve an acceptable balance between what conveys the impression of spontaneity and what sounds natural
within the context of dubbing.
First-principles investigation of the magnetoelectric properties of Ba7Mn4O15
Authors: Dey Urmimala , Senn Mark S , Bristowe Nicholas C
Published: November 2023

Type-II multiferroics, in which the magnetic order breaks inversion symmetry, are appealing for both fundamental and applied research due their intrinsic coupling between magnetic and electrical orders. Using first-principles calculations we study the ground state magnetic behaviour of Ba7Mn4O15 which has been classified as a type-II multiferroic in recent experiments. Our constrained moment calculations with the proposed experimental magnetic structure shows the spontaneous emergence of a polar mode giving rise to an electrical polarisation comparable to other known type-II multiferroics. When the constraints on the magnetic moments are removed, the spins self-consistently relax into a canted antiferromagnetic ground state configuration where two magnetic modes transforming as distinct irreducible representations coexist. While the dominant magnetic mode matches well with the previous experimental observations, the second mode is found to possess a different character resulting in a non-polar ground state. Interestingly, the non-polar magnetic ground state exhibits a significantly strong linear magnetoelectric (ME) coupling comparable to the well-known multiferroic BiFeO3, suggesting strategies to design new linear MEs.
Evaluating a Targeted Minimum Loss-Based Estimator for Capture-Recapture Analysis: An Application to HIV Surveillance in San Francisco, California
Authors: Wesson Paul , Das Manjari , Chen Mia , Hsu Ling , McFarland Willi , Kennedy Edward , Jewell Nicholas P
Published: November 2023

The capture-recapture method is a common tool used in epidemiology to estimate the size of “hidden” populations and correct the underascertainment of cases, based on incomplete and overlapping lists of the target population. Log-linear models are often used to estimate the population size yet may produce implausible and unreliable estimates due to model misspecification and small cell sizes. A novel targeted minimum loss-based estimation (TMLE) model developed for capture-recapture makes several notable improvements to conventional modeling: “targeting” the parameter of interest, flexibly fitting the data to alternative functional forms, and limiting bias from small cell sizes. Using simulations and empirical data from the San Francisco, California, Department of Public Health’s human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance registry, we evaluated the performance of the TMLE model and compared results with those of other common models. Based on 2,584 people observed on 3 lists reportable to the surveillance registry, the TMLE model estimated the number of San Francisco residents living with HIV as of December 31, 2019, to be 13,523 (95% confidence interval: 12,222, 14,824). This estimate, compared with a “ground truth” of 12,507, was the most accurate and precise of all models examined. The TMLE model is a significant advancement in capture-recapture studies, leveraging modern statistical methods to improve estimation of the sizes of hidden populations.
The north–south divide? Macroalgal functional trait diversity and redundancy varies with intertidal aspect
Authors: Amstutz Axelle , Firth Louise B , Foggo Andy , Spicer John I , Hanley Mick E
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Marine macroalgae (‘seaweeds’) are critical to coastal ecosystem structure and function, but also vulnerable to the many environmental changes associated with anthropogenic climate change (ACC). The local habitat conditions underpinning observed and predicted ACC-driven changes in intertidal macroalgal communities are complex and probably site-specific and operate in addition to more commonly reported regional factors such as sea surface temperatures.

Methods

We examined how the composition and functional trait expression of macroalgal communities in SW England varied with aspect (i.e. north–south orientation) at four sites with opposing Equator- (EF) and Pole-facing (PF) surfaces. Previous work at these sites had established that average annual (low tide) temperatures vary by 1.6 °C and that EF-surfaces experience six-fold more frequent extremes (i.e. >30 °C).

Key Results

PF macroalgal communities were consistently more taxon rich; 11 taxa were unique to PF habitats, with only one restricted to EF. Likewise, functional richness and dispersion were greater on PF-surfaces (dominated by algae with traits linked to rapid resource capture and utilization, but low desiccation tolerance), although differences in both taxon and functional richness were probably driven by the fact that less diverse EF-surfaces were dominated by desiccation-tolerant fucoids.

Conclusions

Although we cannot disentangle the influence of temperature variation on algal ecophysiology from the indirect effects of aspect on species interactions (niche pre-emption, competition, grazing, etc.), our study system provides an excellent model for understanding how environmental variation at local scales affects community composition and functioning. By virtue of enhanced taxonomic diversity, PF-aspects supported higher functional diversity and, consequently, greater effective functional redundancy. These differences may imbue PF-aspects with resilience against environmental perturbation, but if predicted increases in global temperatures are realized, some PF-sites may shift to a depauperate, desiccation-tolerant seaweed community with a concomitant loss of functional diversity and redundancy.
A convenient fluorimetry-based degranulation assay using RBL-2H3 cells
Authors: Higashio Hironori , Yokoyama Takuya , Saino Tomoyuki
Published: November 2023

Type I hypersensitivity is triggered by mast cell degranulation, a stimulus-induced exocytosis of preformed secretory granules (SGs) containing various inflammatory mediators. The degree of degranulation is generally expressed as a percentage of secretory granule markers (such as β-hexosaminidase and histamine) released into the external solution, and considerable time and labor are required for the quantification of markers in both the supernatants and cell lysates. In this study, we developed a simple fluorimetry-based degranulation assay using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells. During degranulation, the styryl dye FM1-43 in the external solution fluorescently labeled the newly exocytosed SGs, whose increase in intensity was successively measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. In addition to the rate of β-hexosaminidase secretion, the cellular FM1-43 intensity successfully represented the degree and kinetics of degranulation under various conditions, suggesting that this method facilitates multi-sample and/or multi-time-point analyses required for screening substances regulating mast cell degranulation.
Quality of life of family carers of people living with dementia: review of systematic reviews of observational and intervention studies
Authors: Oliveira Déborah , da Mata Fabiana Araújo Figueiredo , Aubeeluck Aimee
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Family members are the primary source of support for the growing number of people living with dementia (PLWD) worldwide. However, caring for a person living with dementia can have detrimental impacts on the carer quality of life (QoL). This review of systematic reviews explored the factors associated with the QoL of family carers of PLWD and interventions aimed at improving their QoL.

Sources of data

Several health-related databases (PUBMED, Psychinfo, Google Scholar and COCHRANE) were consulted in November 2022. Nineteen systematic reviews were included, and their methodological quality was assessed via AMSTAR-2.

Areas of agreement

Better carer physical and mental health, provision of formal support, relationship quality between carers and PLWD, as well as positive psychological traits were associated with better carer QoL. There is no one-size-fits-all intervention that can improve the QoL of all carers, but promising results were found in most of the interventions.

Areas of controversy

There is inconsistency in evidence on the association between the carer age and QoL. The use of a wide range of QoL measures, particularly generic QoL scales, has contributed to inconsistencies when comparing the efficacy of interventions.

Growing points

Evidence suggests the need for a person-centred approach to improving carer QoL, considering individual and contextual needs as well as the continuum and progressive nature of dementia care.

Timely areas for developing research

Future research should be focused on understanding how to best implement and measure person-centred care approaches to carer QoL, including cost-effectiveness. More qualitative studies are necessary to explore carer negative and positive experiences of QoL.
Black Box Warning: Large Language Models and the Future of Infectious Diseases Consultation
Authors: Schwartz Ilan S , Link Katherine E , Daneshjou Roxana , Cortés-Penfield Nicolás
Published: November 2023

Large language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence systems trained by deep learning algorithms to process natural language and generate text responses to user prompts. Some approach physician performance on a range of medical challenges, leading some proponents to advocate for their potential use in clinical consultation and prompting some consternation about the future of cognitive specialties. However, LLMs currently have limitations that preclude safe clinical deployment in performing specialist consultations, including frequent confabulations, lack of contextual awareness crucial for nuanced diagnostic and treatment plans, inscrutable and unexplainable training data and methods, and propensity to recapitulate biases. Nonetheless, considering the rapid improvement in this technology, growing calls for clinical integration, and healthcare systems that chronically undervalue cognitive specialties, it is critical that infectious diseases clinicians engage with LLMs to enable informed advocacy for how they should—and shouldn’t—be used to augment specialist care.
Robust data driven discovery of a seismic wave equation
Authors: Cheng Shijun , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: November 2023

Despite the fact that our physical observations can often be described by derived physical laws, such as the wave equation, in many cases, we observe data that do not match the laws or have not been described physically yet. Therefore recently, a branch of machine learning has been devoted to the discovery of physical laws from data. We test this approach for discovering the wave equation from the observed spatial-temporal wavefields. The algorithm first pre-trains a neural network (NN) in a supervised fashion to establish the mapping between the spatial-temporal locations (x, y, z, t) and the observation displacement wavefield function u(x, y, z, t). The trained NN serves to generate metadata and provide the time and spatial derivatives of the wavefield (e.g. utt and uxx) by automatic differentiation. Then, a preliminary library of potential terms for the wave equation is optimized from an overcomplete library by using a genetic algorithm. We, then, use a physics-informed information criterion to evaluate the precision and parsimony of potential equations in the preliminary library and determine the best structure of the wave equation. Finally, we train the ‘physics-informed’ neural network to identify the corresponding coefficients of each functional term. Examples in discovering the 2-D acoustic wave equation validate the feasibility and effectiveness of our implementation. We also verify the robustness of this method by testing it on noisy and sparsely acquired wavefield data.
Use of catch and effort data to monitor trends in economic performance in fisheries
Authors: Pascoe S , Curtotti R , Hoshino E , McWhinnie S , Schrobback P
Published: November 2023

In many low-valued fisheries, the quantity and types of data that might be available to support fisheries management are often limited. Generally, information on the economic performance of the fishery is low in priority in these fisheries. Basic catch and effort information, however, may contain implicit information about economic performance of the vessels. From these data, technical efficiency scores and measures of capacity utilization can be derived. The technical efficiency score can provide a proxy measure of the distribution of economic performance, while changes in capacity utilization theoretically reflect changes in the economic conditions in the fishery. Given this, changes in these measures over time should also reflect changes in economic outcomes and performance. To test this, we use data from a data-rich fishery, including catch and effort information as well as detailed economic information (i.e. vessel-level profitability). Key technical performance measures are estimated using data envelopment analysis and compared with the economic performance measures. We show that these technical performance measures can provide useful indicators of changes in economic performance when economic information is not available.
Application of a count regression model to identify the risk factors of under-five child morbidity in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Ismail , Rouf Abu Sayed Md Ripon , Rukon Md Rukonozzaman , Sarkar Shuvongkar , Haq Iqramul , Habib Md Jakaria , Zinia Faozia Afia , Tithy Tanha Akther , Islam Asiqul , Hasan Md Amit , Moshiur Mir , Hisbullah Md Shakil Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Background

Bangladesh has seen a significant decline in child mortality in recent decades, but morbidity among children <5 y of age remains high. The aim of this analysis was to examine trends and identify risk factors related to child morbidity in Bangladesh.

Methods

This analysis is based on data from four successive cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys for the years 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017–18. Several count regression models were fitted and the best model was used to identify risk factors associated with morbidity in children <5 y of age.

Results

According to the results of the trend analysis, the prevalence of non-symptomatic children increased and the prevalence of fever, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) decreased over the years. The Vuong's non-nested test indicated that Poisson regression could be used as the best model. From the results of the Poisson regression model, child age, sex, underweight, wasted, stunting, maternal education, wealth status, religion and region were the important determinants associated with the risk of child morbidity. The risk was considerably higher among women with a primary education compared with women with a secondary or greater education in Bangladesh.

Conclusions

This analysis concluded that child morbidity is still a major public health problem for Bangladesh. Thus it is important to take the necessary measures to reduce child morbidity (particularly fever, diarrhoea and ARI) by improving significant influencing factors.