bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Greenwashing Methods on the Behavior of Environmentally Conscious Employees
Authors: Zournatzidou Georgia , Ragazou Konstantina , Sklavos George , Farazakis Dimitrios , Sariannidis Nikolaos
Published: October 2024

The objective of this chapter is to improve the conversation regarding greenwashing by employing a business model perspective. We argue that the business model literature has the potential to significantly improve current interpretations of greenwashing by linking talk-action discrepancies to the foundational company structure. Firms that intentionally disrupt the congruence between their commitments to stakeholders (i.e., the value proposition) and other components of their business models are referred to as “greenwashing.” Furthermore, we contend that the concept of greenwashing has the potential to improve the business model literature by emphasizing businesses that have defective business structures and fail to deliver on the value propositions they claim to offer their stakeholders. This study has the potential to influence future research on the relationship between greenwashing and deficient business architectures, as well as on the ways in which firms can enhance their stakeholder interactions by modifying their business models
Beyond Borders
Authors: Ghosh Sukanta
Published: October 2024

In the 21st century, international diplomacy has been reshaped by non-state actors such as multinational corporations (MNCs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), terrorist groups, and transnational criminal networks. “Beyond Borders: A Comparative Analysis of Non-State Actors' Impact on Contemporary Diplomacy” examines how MNCs use corporate diplomacy and economic statecraft to influence policy, and how NGOs employ Track II diplomacy to advocate for social justice and sustainability. It also addresses the challenges posed by terrorist and criminal networks to traditional diplomacy. By synthesizing various perspectives and case studies, the chapter highlights the importance of inclusive, multi-stakeholder approaches and strategies that balance state sovereignty with non-state actor participation in global governance.
A New Chapter in Gulf Cooperation
Authors: Zreik Mohamad , Jamali Dima
Published: October 2024

This research examines the reconciliation signs between Bahrain and Qatar, focusing on Saudi Arabia's mediating role. The February meeting of their foreign ministers at the Gulf Cooperation Council in Riyadh marks a critical step towards mending their long-standing feud. The study looks into the causes behind the rapprochement, such as regional political shifts, economic ties, and international influences, and discusses the hurdles still facing this process, including unresolved territorial and ideological disputes. It concludes that Bahrain and Qatar's reconciliation could significantly contribute to the Gulf and the Middle East's stability and cooperation.
Beijing's Strategic Calculus
Authors: Yi Sophie Wushuang
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the complex dynamics in the South China Sea, focusing on the evolving strategic relationships between China, the Philippines, and the United States. It examines the strategic motivations behind China's naval expansion and its implications for regional security, highlighting the geostrategic significance of the South China Sea as a critical maritime crossroads with profound impacts on global trade and military strategy. The chapter discusses the shift in the Philippines' stance towards a more assertive approach in its South China Sea policy under the influence of strengthened U.S.-Philippines defence ties, marked by expanded military cooperation and the bolstering of the Philippines' military capabilities. It also delves into the broader context of Sino-American rivalry, the role of ASEAN, legal frameworks, and the potential for future tensions and alignments. The analysis underscores the importance of diplomacy, international law, and regional cooperation in navigating the challenges in this pivotal maritime domain.
Exploration of Project Teaching Method for Higher Vocational Digital Media Arts Majors
Authors: Gu Xiao
Published: October 2024

To respond to the requirements of the national strategy for cultivating innovative talents, stimulate the enthusiasm of digital media art professional students in learning professional skills, and tap the creative potential of students, this paper introduces the concept of project-based teaching method, the status quo of the application of project-based teaching method in digital media art majors, and analyzes the characteristics of this project-based teaching method, and at the same time build up a theoretical framework of project-based teaching for professional courses in digital media art and design. It also proposes the principles and strategies for introducing the project-based teaching method into the classroom of digital media art majors to improve the teaching quality of higher vocational digital media art major courses and the practical ability of students.
Forming the Depth-Annex-Motion-Placement (DAMP) Conceptual Model for Gamified Learning
Authors: Yie Darren Lim , Sanmugam Mageswaran , Yahaya Wan Ahmad Jaafar Wan , Shawalludin Syahrini , Zhang Jingru
Published: October 2024

Gamification is known as the use of game-like elements within a non-game context. The use of gamification in a classroom setting, also known as gamified learning aims to improve the learning process by constructing a low-risk and well-structured learning environment for students. The use of gamification in the educational context has proven to be able to increase motivation, engagement, retention of knowledge and performance. In this paper, the authors inquired into previous relevant research and wish to contribute to the field by proposing the DAMP model which dealt with the depth (shallow, deep and total), annex (plugged or unplugged, online or offline), motion (static and dynamic), and placement (intra and extra) of gamification with the consideration of 8Ts namely task, target, technology, time, technique, tariff, tensity and terrain. The proposed model hopes to serve as a guideline and provide new insights for future educators and instructional designers when constructing a gamified learning classroom.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Bug Detection in Software Development
Authors: Al-Shameri Yahya Najib Hamood
Published: October 2024

As technology advances at breakneck speed, reliance on software grows exponentially. This growth has given rise to multiple issues encountered during software development, including increased occurrences of software bugs. The conventional methods previously used by developers, such as manual code checking or testing, may involve greater chances of human error and extended timelines, resulting in more significant expense budgets towards revenue leakage due to late deliveries or failed outcomes. This chapter per the authors aim to explore how artificial intelligence (AI) solutions can identify potential vulnerabilities more accurately than before. By utilizing machine learning algorithms, deep learning, and natural language processing, AI-based bug detection not only enhances precision and efficiency but also saves costs on the development process, ultimately giving better software quality and reduced monetary costs. This chapter per the authors present some applications of AI techniques in bugs detection to select bugs accurately and suggest possible optimizations for the buggy codes.
An Image Steganalysis Algorithm Based on Multi-Resolution Feature Fusion
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Wan Shuhui
Published: October 2024

The misuse of image steganography poses significant risks to societal security. Whether images include concealed data is a critical problem of information security. Traditional convolutional layers often fail to adequately capture the global correlation of steganographic features as network depth increases, leading to redundant model parameters and missing key features, thereby weakening steganographic signal detection. To solve the problems of highly covert steganographic algorithms and the weakness of traditional methods, a steganography detection solution using multi-resolution feature fusion is presented. This approach uses a multi-resolution network to increase the interactivity from higher to lower resolution. The results of the experiments confirm that the proposed algorithm allows for a maximum accuracy of 90.56% for the embedding rate of 0.4bpp. The overall results prove that the proposed model achieves higher accuracy and better performance than some leading steganalysis models available when applied to different steganographic algorithms and embedding rate conditions.
Study on the Interactive Effect Between Public Library Construction and Human Capital Investment Efficiency
Authors: Gao Jiacheng , Liu Yue , Tian Lining
Published: October 2024

This paper measures the public library construction (PLC) level and the human capital investment (HCI) efficiency of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, tests the linkage effect and coupling coordination between PLC and HCI. The results show that: 1) the PLC level and the HCI efficiency of China shows a trend of rapid increase and fluctuating decrease respectively during this period, but the gap between regions is obvious. Both the PLC level and the HCI efficiency in the eastern region are obviously better than those in the central region and the western region. 2) There is not only a positive linkage effect between PLC and HCI efficiency, which promotes each other, but also the level of collaborative development between PLC and HCI efficiency shows a steady upward trend, with the coupling level reaching level 6, which is about to enter the primary coordination state, but there are obvious regional differences.
An Equation Model for the Career Maturity and Learning Confidence of Students in Interdisciplinary Programs Integrated With Modern Technologies
Authors: Liao XiFeng
Published: October 2024

Taking three typical interdisciplinary programs integrated with modern technologies in a vocational college as examples, this research was designed to identify the indicators of student career maturity and to explore the indirect effect of career learning planning on the relationship between career maturity and confidence in self-directed career learning. A survey was conducted to collect data on interdisciplinary programs in the humanities of a vocational college. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to conduct the analysis. Results showed that career value and students' perceptions of career competencies and external assistance were predictors of the career maturity of students in the early stages of college learning. The modelling test supported the significant effect of career maturity on confidence in learning through the mediating effect of planning for learning. Early career interventions was proposed to guide interdisciplinary students to make plans for future careers.
Optimization of Laser Induced Graphene Electrodes for Water Splitting Applications
Authors: Ali Ameer , Khalid Syed , Ahmed Qadeer , Aneel Sundas , Abdul Basit Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The production of hydrogen through electrochemical water splitting using renewable energy sources shows promise in achieving net-zero emissions. This process requires a catalyst for the electrochemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Many studies are dedicated to discovering efficient catalysts for water-splitting reactions that do not depend on noble metals. Integrating metal nanoparticles into laser-induced graphene has proven to deliver high catalytic performance, attributed to the high surface area and efficient charge transfer enabled by the highly conductive nature of laser-induced graphene. However, optimization of the laser-induced graphene electrodes is necessary for their effective use in water-splitting reactions. This study optimized the 405nm visible laser parameters to tune the Reduced polyimide-derived RPI laser-induced graphene electrodes for driving a water-splitting reaction. The optimization of the laser parameters revealed that a laser power of 5W, 10W, and 15W, engraving speeds of 1000 mm/min, 2000 mm/min, 3000 mm/min, and 4000 mm/min, and line-to-line tracing 20 line/mm, 18 line/mm and 15 line/mm with horizontally and vertically settings provides the optimum electrodes for water-splitting reaction.
Influence of Silane-Modified Soybean Oil as an Environmentally Friendly Processing Oil on the Properties of Silica-Reinforced Rubber Compounds
Authors: Mingsamoh Aninwadee , Hayichelaeh Chesidi , Sunintaboon Panya , Boonkerd Kanoktip
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the influence of soybean oil (SO) modified by TESPT silane coupling agent as an environmentally friendly processing oil on the properties of the silica-reinforced rubber compounds. A proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that a novel processing oil based on silane-modified SO was successfully prepared in the laboratory. It was found that the unsaturated structures in SO reduced after modification. The properties of the rubber compounds with different types of processing oils were investigated by comparison to the rubber compound without processing oils. The addition of processing oils into the rubber compounds reduced filler-filler interactions within the rubber matrix due to a shielding effect of silica surfaces by processing oils. The silane-modified SO could react with the silanol group on the silica surfaces, leading to a hydrophobicity of silica surfaces. So, the use of silane-modified SO showed lowest filler-filler interactions. In addition to the filler-filler interactions, the presence of processing oils in the rubber compounds reduced the viscosity of the materials as indicated by minimum torque received from a cure curve. The levels of filler-filler interactions in the rubber compounds correlated well with the viscosity. The crosslinking points within the rubber matrix of the oil-added compounds were lower than the one without processing oil. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the rubber compounds with and without processing oils were considered. The processing oils did not affect the tensile strength, but strongly improved elongation at break.
Study on Dielectric Properties of (Ba0.90Sr0.10) TiO3 Based Ceramic Capacitors for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Amin Muhammad Abid , Nigah Azaz
Published: October 2024

The development of energy storage capacitors with high dielectric constant and good stability has been focused on by researchers due to many issues regarding environmental protection and energy conservation. Barium-Strontium Titanate based ceramic capacitors are widely used for energy storage applications due to their attractive dielectric properties. In this study, (Ba0.90Sr0.10) TiO3 based capacitors were produced, and the influence of additives i.e. CaZrO3, MnCO3, CeO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 was investigated. The parameters of all the fabrication processes have been optimized to get defect-free green and sintered samples. The defect-free green parts were sintered at 1380°C for 2 h and perovskite structure was confirmed by XRD profiles. The grain size was refined from 25 μm to 08 μm analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capacitor was tested at 40 KV successfully and capacitance of 2.0 nF was measured at this high voltage. The results showed that high-voltage capacitors can be fabricated with enhanced energy storage.
Effect of Homogenization Cycle on Precipitation of Dispersoids and Abnormal Grain Growth in an Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Gahlyan Sumit Kumar , Wanjari Pankaj Shivaji , Agrawal Shavi , Bharadwaj Butchi , Saxena Manu , Srivastava Vivek
Published: October 2024

AA6xxx alloys are used for various automotive and architectural applications where microstructural characteristics are critical to have acceptable final properties. Abnormal Grain Growth (AGG) in these alloys, industrially termed as Peripheral Coarse Grain (PCG) is undesirable and Mn, Cr based non-coherent dispersoids are used to control the extent of PCG. Homogenization soaking temperature and time along with heating rates determine the size, distribution with grains and volume fraction of these dispersoids. In this study the heating rates are varied in lab and industrial setting to assess the effect of aforementioned dispersoid features using SEM and digital microscopy. It is found that higher heating rates lead to coarser and lower area fraction of dispersoids which finally results in markedly large PCG in industrial extrusion. Observed dispersoid features were described based on basic kinetics and Thermo-CalcTM predicted trends of micro-segregation, fraction of dispersoids and fraction of potential nucleating sites (β’-Mg2Si) of dispersoids. A static recrystallization model was used to calculate the driving and retarding pressures based on substructural (EBSD analysis) and dispersoid features (SEM+ image analysis). The predicted recrystallisation response and PCG grain size was in close agreement with the observed values. This study highlights the significance of homogenization heating rates in addition to soaking time and temperature for PCG control.
Influence of Different Aging Times and Temperatures on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of EN AW-6XXX Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Soffritti Chiara , Morales Cindy , Fortini Annalisa , Merlin Mattia
Published: October 2024

The heat-treatable EN AW-6005 and EN AW-6060 alloys are by far the most used alloys for manufacturing extruded parts for automotive, aerospace, food and healthcare industries. The strength of these alloys is usually achieved by T6 heat treatment, whose efficacy depends on the chemical composition and solubilization/aging times and temperatures. This study aims to evaluate the influence of aging parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of two extruded components made of the above-mentioned alloys and supplied by a healthcare company. Samples were drawn by both parts in as-received condition. Part of them was directly artificially aged at different aging times and temperatures, while the rest was subjected to tailored T6-type heat treatments. The microstructure was first analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were then investigated by Brinell hardness and Vickers microhardness measurements. At last, all hardness data were compared to those obtained on specimens drawn from two other components made of the same alloys, which were heat-treated according to the parameters commonly used by the company. Based on the results, the microstructure of both components exhibited coarse grains plus lamellar and rounded intermetallic particles. Irrespective of the heat treatment route, no changes were detected in the microstructure. For each alloy, the heat treatment conditions that guarantee the best mechanical resistance were established.
Optimization of Geometric Design of Extruded Products Incorporating Properties, Cost and CO2 Footprint
Authors: Nesse Anders , Iddberg Mads , Myhr Ole Runar , Furu Trond
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a numerical simulation methodology has been applied to optimize the design of extruded aluminium products. The methodology, PRO3 TM , incorporates product properties, production-and material costs as well as CO2 footprint in an optimisation procedure. This allows for multi-objective optimisation and avoids sub-optimisation of for instance properties on the expense of production costs or CO2 emissions. The outcome that follows from this multi-objective optimisation procedure, is that the resulting profile cross section will be different when the optimisation is based solely on property considerations, than when costs and CO2 emissions are introduced in the optimisation procedure. The present methodology requires that the main processes and operations along the aluminium process chain are represented by physics based, predictive models of various types, including material-and mechanical models, in addition to cost-, and sustainability models. A standard multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to combine the models and for automatic running through-process simulations in iterations. In this article, the PRO3 TM methodology has been applied for optimisation of the profile cross section in case-studies with various user requirements. It has been demonstrated that the resulting cross section geometry depends on the specified relative importance of conflicting requirements like the desire for high productivity on the one hand, and the desire for low material costs and low CO2 emissions on the other.
Comparative Study of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films Fabricated by Spin Coating and Rf Magnetron Sputtering as a Buffer Layer for 2nd Generation Photovoltaics
Authors: Shah Saad Saud Ali , Ali Noor , Habib Zeeshan , Taimoor Sana , Mehboob Nasir , Rehman Fazal Ur
Published: October 2024

To meet the requirements of second generation photovoltaics, spin coating and RF magnetron sputtering techniques have been utilized to fabricate zinc sulfide thin films for buffer layer optimization. During fabrication process, substrate temperatures for spin coating and RF magnetron sputtering processes are kept at room temperature and at 200 oC, respectively. Thin films are annealed at 500oC for 1 hour in an inert environment to acquire crystallinity and uniform surface morphology. XRD analysis reveals that thin films fabricated by spin coating and RF magnetron sputtering exhibit wurtzite and zinc blende crystal structures, respectively. SEM shows that the surface morphology of thin films fabricated by both techniques is uniform and homogeneous without voids and cracks. EDS results indicate that thin films fabricated via spin coating have equal stoichiometric ratio of zinc to sulfur (1:1). Whereas, an unequal stoichiometric ratio of zinc to sulfur is detected in RF magnetron sputtered thin films. According to optical studies, spin coated zinc sulfide thin films have 67% transmission with an energy band gap of 3.62 eV. While, RF magnetron sputtered thin films have 76% transmission with a wide energy band gap of 3.70 eV. Electrical properties depict that thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering have higher carrier concentration, lower resistivity and higher conductivity than spin coated thin films. In comparison, RF magnetron sputtered zinc sulfide thin films exhibit best structural and optoelectronic properties for buffer layer in second generation solar cells.
PEDIATRIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA IN LOW- and MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (LMICs). A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Moleti Maria Luisa , Testi Anna Maria
Published: October 2024

Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a curable disease for more than 90% of children and adolescents in high income countries. However, similar results cannot be achieved, particularly for advanced disease, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where challenging socioeconomic realities and the consequent scarcity of local resources heavily impact on the treatment and patients’ outcome. Information regarding the management and outcome of pediatric HL in LMICs is still limited. In this narrative review, we summarize the results reported in the literature so far and discuss the critical key points that have emerged from this overview.
Can blood flow restriction induce cross-education of muscle strength and volume? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Liang , Yang Yi , Luo Jiong
Published: October 2024

Objective

This research systematically assesses the effects of low-load blood flow restriction on the cross-education of muscle strength and volume, providing evidence-based guidance for clinicians and rehabilitation therapists.

Method

The literature search utilized databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Quality assessment employed the Cochrane Collaboration's RCT bias evaluation tool. Data synthesis, forest plot creation, and publication bias assessment were performed with Reman 5.4 software. This study is registered with the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY), 202440038.

Result

Six meta-analyses, encompassing 259 undergraduate students, were performed. Results indicated a markedly enhanced cross-education effect in muscle strength induction via blood flow restriction, surpassing that of traditional unilateral training and control groups. Nonetheless, the cross-education impact on muscle volume induction showed no notable variance among the groups.

Conclusion

Blood flow restriction has been shown to effectively induce cross-education in muscle strength. Nevertheless, additional research is required to determine its impact on muscle strength. Nevertheless, additional research is required to determine its impact on muscle volume cross-education. Reduced exercise intensity with blood flow restriction may augment neural activation, implying possible advantages in rehabilitative training for individuals with neurological conditions—meriting additional investigation.
Performance reporting practices in state-owned enterprises: A systematic literature review
Authors: Mikael Tsedal L. , Mabhungu Isaac
Published: October 2024

Background: Performance reporting and measurement in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been ambiguous for years subject to the nature of the sector. State-owned enterprises are third sector public entities characterised by hybridity of rationales, heterogeneity of goals and multiple stakeholders’ interest. Besides, the diverse institutional frameworks and ownership structure in SOEs make performance reporting and measurements in the sector more complex than in private profit enterprises.Aim: The systematic review of the literature focusses on performance reporting practices in SOEs. It examines SOE performance report users, performance measurement metrics, and the alignment of objectives and performance information.Method: Critical searches of literature in databases such as Scopus or Science Direct, Emerald Insight and JSTOR were made using ’performance reporting’ and/or ’State-owned Enterprises’ as main keywords. More literature was explored in Google Scholar.Results: The concept of performance reporting in SOEs is embedded in broader subjects such as ‘governance in public sectors’, ‘corporate governance in SOEs’ and ‘accountability in public sector’. Performance reports of SOEs in practice focus on the traditional financial performance measurement.Conclusion: There is no straightforward approach in performance reporting of SOEs in the literature. This shows that performance reporting in SOEs is highly slanted, making it difficult to assess efficiency of SOEs.Contribution: The article contributes in unlocking knowledge in highly blurred practices of performance reporting in SOEs.
A reflection on making ‘Religion’ in China: The Genealogy of Zongjiao through cultural exchange
Authors: Li Xuedan , Chen Yuehua
Published: October 2024

The term Zongjiao [宗教] originally referring to the teachings of Buddhism and Chinese ancestral worship was not considered the equivalent for the English term ‘religion’ until the late 19th century when Japanese translated religion as shūkyō [宗教]. The later introduction of the concept of Zongjiao into China via Japan triggered a deep exploration of the differences between religion and Jiao among Chinese intellectuals like Liang Qichao, Kang Youwei and Peng Guangyu, representing Chinese scholars’ conceptualisation and reflections of Chinese traditional religious belief, practices and phenomena within the context of Western religious culture. Rather than a simple lexical selection, the translation of ‘religion’ essentially was a process of making the notion of ‘religion’ in China, which had provided valuable insight into the nature of Chinese Confucianism culture and was closely related to the understanding of the state–church relationship in China. With continuous cultural exchanges and integration, reflecting on this translation process will provide a more inclusive perspective on the complexity and diversity of religions and facilitate mutual learning.Contribution: This article briefly reviews the process of accepting Zongjiao [宗教] as the equivalent for the Western term ‘religion’ in China, in order to shed light on how such translation has influenced people’s understanding of religion and the inclusiveness contained in the study of religion.
Corrigendum: The effect of organisational factors on adopting big data analytics in supply chain operation among companies in Saudi Arabia: The moderating role of resistance to change
Authors: Hamed Adel A. , Dandan Sameer M. , Farah Amira A. , Barakat Shaima A.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Clinical diagnostic reference levels and image quality metrics for CT in oncology patients
Authors: Sebelego Ida-Keshia , Acho Sussan , Rae William I.D.
Published: October 2024

Background: In CT, the volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) and patient’s size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) are used as diagnostic reference level (DRL) metrics.Objectives: To develop clinical local DRL values for CT chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP) examinations using the CTDIvol, DLP and SSDE, and to determine the image quality achieved.Method: In total, 201 cancer patients were included in the study. The scanning parameters, dose metrics from the CT unit and participants’ body mass index (BMI) were documented. The local CT DRL values for CAP examinations were defined as the median and 75th percentiles of the dose distribution.Results: The local DRL values given in terms of median CTDIvol ranged between 8.4 mGy and 12.7 mGy for the different types of cancers. The median DLPs ranged from 848 to 1173.4 mGy.cm for the various cancers. Generally, the radiation dose was directly proportional to the BMI and number of scan phases. Significant differences were observed between the DRLs for the various size-related parameters, number of scan phases and BMI classifications. The image quality was clinically satisfactory.Conclusion: No baseline data for clinical DRL values were available for this medical oncology department. The achieved DRLs were similar to published size-specific DRLs. The image quality was maintained during CT imaging. Dose optimisation and image quality assessment should be implemented to ensure optimal scanning parameters for different cancers in CT CAP examinations.Contribution: The first size-specific local DRL values for CT CAP investigations carried out on oncology patients in South Africa have been established.
Comparative Study on Giving Feedback to MBBS Students by Two Different Techniques in Biochemistry in a Medical College in North India
Authors: Kaur Vaneet , Gupta Shalini , Goel Ashish , Lakha Neelam , Kaur Sumeet
Published: October 2024

Background:

Delivering feedback to students who have just joined a new course is relevant for it may help them to understand their subject better and hence enhance their performance.

Aim:

The present study aimed to provide feedback to students using two different techniques: the sandwich method and the Ask-Tell-Ask method. It also evaluated students’ perceptions of the feedback and assessed the quality of the feedback provided.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a prospective randomized study conducted in the department of biochemistry with 1st-year MBBS students from August 2022 to November 2022. Students were divided into two groups based on their midterm marks: 58 students who scored more than 50% received collective feedback, while 41 students who scored <50% received feedback individually.

Results:

The difference in midterm marks obtained by students of the group which was provided feedback individually compared to the other group which received collective feedback was statistically significant (P ˂ 0.000). After applying the intervention, the mean marks obtained by the group who received the individual feedback increased by 12.35 ± 17.57. This lead to a decreased difference in the mean marks between both the groups although it still remained statistically significant (P = 0.0004). However, no statistical difference has been observed in the mean increment of marks based on which faculty provided the feedback as determined by the one-way analysis of variance (P = 0.8). The perceptions of students regarding the provided feedback and the quality of the feedback taken with the help of two different questionnaires revealed that 75.5% of students felt that the feedback provided was relevant and related to the topic. The feedback was provided within 2 weeks (75.3%) of conducting the test. About 75.6% of students felt that they got motivated for working hard. About 65.9% of students feel that providing feedback should be made a norm in the institute.

Conclusions:

The study found that providing individual feedback increased the mean marks of students with no statistical difference in the mean increment of marks based on which faculty member provided the feedback. The students perceived the feedback as relevant, timely (provided within 2 weeks of the test), and related to their performance. They felt that the culture of delivering feedback should be made an institutional norm.
Introduction of an Online Mentoring Program for Final Professional MBBS Students
Authors: Verma Niket , Badyal Dinesh K. , Aggarwal Navita , Modi Jyoti Nath , Sethi Sujata
Published: October 2024

Background:

Mentoring helps in the personal and professional development of mentees and helps them develop self-confidence in their work. Final-year undergraduate medical students face many challenges but they also have to gain the confidence to start working independently and plan their careers in the near future. In the coronavirus disease scenario, many of these challenges were amplified, and final-year students were in greater need of mentoring. Even though mentoring had been introduced under the new curriculum in 2019, formal online mentoring programs were nonexistent in most Indian medical colleges. Therefore, it was aimed to implement and evaluate an online mentoring program for final-year undergraduate medical students.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was conducted with 16 mentees allotted to the principal researcher. A needs assessment survey was conducted before finalizing the program. A mentoring module was designed, and subsequently, five rounds of individual mentoring sessions were conducted on “Google Meets.” Feedback was obtained from the mentees and analyzed.

Results:

Most mentees (93.8%) agreed that an online mentoring program should be introduced. The mentees were satisfied with the online mentoring program (5-point Likert Scale; median = 4) and felt that they had received motivation and gained confidence to overcome challenges. The majority of the respondents (80%) felt supported during mentoring, whereas 86.67% agreed that they were able to harness their positive attributes and started working toward their goals.

Conclusions:

The online mentorship program was successful in improving the confidence of the medical students in dealing with academic and nonacademic issues.
Experiential Learning of Active Learning Strategies in Mentor Learner Web-based Discussions: A Perceptions Study
Authors: Chauhan Archana , Begum Jarina , Lavanya K. M , Gupta Anju , Ghosh Sujata , Kulkarni Supriya
Published: October 2024

Background:

Active learning strategies (ALSs) in medical education are valued for their effectiveness but face adoption challenges among educators, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of their implementation and impact.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the perceptions of medical educators regarding the effectiveness and challenges of ALS through mentor–learner (ML) web-based discussions.

Settings and Design:

The retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 32 medical educators enrolled in the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education Research course at Christian Medical College, Ludhiana. It utilized a mixed-method approach, gathering both quantitative and qualitative data through ML web discussions.

Materials and Methods:

The study used a “dual-method” approach, combining traditional online discussions with a “role-reversal” method on an ML web platform, promoting experiential learning. Participant responses on ALS implementation tasks were collected and analyzed within these discussions.

Results:

Participants shared various ALS for collaborative learning (20), classroom engagement (26), assessing prior knowledge (12), and note-taking during lectures (10). Further, among the 11 ALS examined, the ease of implementation varied significantly among participants (P < 0.0001). Challenges in ALS implementation included inadequate faculty training (91%), motivation (84%), resource constraints (81%), student (75%), and administrative resistance (69%). Four themes emerged as recommendations for effective ALS implementation: empowering educators, engaging students, streamlining support systems, and monitoring impact.

Conclusion:

The study highlights a mixed perspective of medical educators on ALS. Although ALS was perceived as effective in fostering critical thinking and developing collaborative learning among students, various challenges, such as a lack of skilled faculty and resources, necessitated robust faculty development initiatives.
Effectiveness of Communication Board on Level of Satisfaction among Mechanically Ventilated Patients at Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sidhu Shilpa , Kaur Kiranpreet , Kaur Akashpreet , Charan Gopal Singh , Kaur Maninderjit
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Critical care nurses are crucial in managing critical patients, facing challenges with advanced technology, alarms, ventilators, and multiple laboratory investigations. They must effectively communicate and manage patients on mechanical ventilation (MV), a lifesaving intervention for those needing oxygenation and ventilation support to ensure patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:

The study employed a quasi-experimental design with 80 mechanically ventilated patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using demographic and clinical pro forma and a predesigned four-point Likert satisfaction scale comprised 14 items. The intervention group utilized a communication board, while the conventional group received routine care. The aim was to evaluate satisfaction levels in both groups, followed by a posttest on the 5th day using the same instrument.

Results:

The pretest revealed mean satisfaction scores of 32.47 ± 6.48 and 33.95 ± 6.41 for the intervention and conventional groups, respectively, with a mean difference of 1.47, considered statistically nonsignificant (t
78 = 1.023, P = 0.310). Conversely, posttest scores showed 37.85 ± 8.23 and 34.32 ± 6.18 for the intervention and conventional groups, respectively, with a mean difference of 3.53, indicating statistical significance (t
78 = 2.164, P = 0.034). Hence, the communication board intervention significantly enhanced satisfaction scores among mechanically ventilated patients, underscoring its positive impact on nursing care in terms of patients’ satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Effective communication is crucial in intensive care unit patient care, especially for those unable to speak due to MV. Utilizing communication boards significantly enhances patient satisfaction, highlighting the need for ongoing innovation in critical care nursing.
Artificial urinary sphincters in women: Current status and future directions
Authors: Basto Marnique , Tse Vincent , Fong Eva , Chung Amanda
Published: October 2024

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common in older women and has a significant impact on quality of life. With a global aging population, there will be an increased psychological and socio-economic burden for patients and society in the years to come. While mid-urethral slings are the gold standard for moderate-to-severe SUI in women, there is an evolving indication for implantation of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in women for intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), particularly in the case of sling failure. It may also be considered for women with severe ISD and concurrent detrusor underactivity (DU), especially in the context of the current aging population.

For the last 40 years, the AMS-800 (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) has been the dominant AUS device worldwide; however, other AUS devices have also become available in recent years. Further, the robotic surgical approach has emerged for AUS placement in women over the last decade and appears to offer improved dexterity and vision to perform difficult dissection and reconstruction, potentially reducing intraoperative complications and improving postoperative recovery. Early studies show that the robotic-assisted approach provides at least equivalent mid-term outcomes to open and laparoscopic approaches. In this paper, we review the use of AUS in women, including its evolution, indications, surgical techniques, and mid- to long-term outcomes.
Dorsolateral fibromuscular tissue preservation during artificial urinary sphincter placement: Technique description and review
Authors: Khan Aleem I. , Mansour Mazen , Sandhu Jaspreet , Ajay Divya , Cheung Felix
Published: October 2024

The artificial urinary sphincter AMS800 is considered the gold standard for the treatment of non-neurogenic stress urinary incontinence in men following prostate cancer treatment. While optimizing patient risk factors and device modifications have been helpful, the surgical technique remains the cornerstone in establishing excellent patient outcomes. Meticulous intraoperative tissue handling and dissection are the key to the successful placement of the device. Our center has used the same technique for the past 10 years with a low complication rate. In this article, we will describe our surgical approach.
The use of artificial urinary sphincters in children
Authors: Siqueira Isabela Ribeiro , Santos Emanoel Nascimento , Barroso Ubirajara
Published: October 2024

Urinary incontinence in children with neurogenic disorders and congenital malformations of the lower urinary tract is a challenging condition that significantly impacts their quality of life. The use of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been explored as a relevant therapeutic approach in pediatric urology, aiming to achieve urinary continence and preserve upper urinary tract function. This study aims to review the existing literature on the use of the AUS in children, addressing indications, surgical techniques, outcomes, and complications associated with these devices. Seventeen selected articles were analyzed, highlighting the efficacy and safety of these devices, emphasizing the ongoing need for research to improve clinical practice in this area and enhance the quality of life of pediatric patients. The use of the AUS is a promising method for treating urinary incontinence in children, especially in cases of neurogenic bladder disorders, contributing to long-term continence and preservation of voluntary urination. Furthermore, studies are needed to advance knowledge and clinical practice of this surgical technique in children.
Uncommon culprit: Primary bladder neck obstruction as a rare cause of renal failure in young adult males
Authors: Sharma Girraj P. , Shekar P. Ashwin , Patel Hardik
Published: October 2024

Lower urinary tract obstruction leading to renal failure is well known in urological practice, with causes varying across age groups. Despite extensive evaluation, some patients lack an identifiable anatomical cause of obstruction. In such cases, videourodynamics may reveal functional bladder neck obstruction as the cause of lower urinary tract obstruction and renal failure. We report a 22-year-old male with voiding complaints and recurrent febrile urinary tract infections since childhood. He had undergone pyeloplasty in childhood and had severely altered renal function (chronic kidney disease stage IIIB). Upon evaluation, he was diagnosed with primary bladder neck obstruction and underwent bilateral bladder neck incision. Postoperatively, he voided well, and his renal function remained stable.
Ambulatory buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in geriatric population: A practice change experience
Authors: Mehrnoush Vahid , Shabana Waleed , Kotb Ahmed , Zakaria Ahmed , Elmansy Hazem , Prowse Owen , Alkandari Abdulrahman , Shahrour Walid
Published: October 2024

Context:

Due to the overwhelming burden of coronavirus disease 2019, buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty in the elderly has been shifted from inpatient to ambulatory at our center in early 2020.

Aim:

This study aims to describe our experience with ambulatory BMG urethroplasty in the elderly and compare its feasibility and safety to inpatient urethroplasty before and after the practice change.

Setting and Design:

A pre and postpractice change retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65 years or above with BMG urethroplasty performed at our center between March 2018 and May 2022.

Materials and Methods:

Demographics, clinical characteristics, postoperative course, and complications were compared in ambulatory (discharged within 6 h) versus inpatient BMG urethroplasty groups.

Statistical Analysis:

A pre-and post-practice change retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65 or older with BMG urethroplasty performed at our centre between March 2018 and May 2022.

Results:

Of 37 BMG urethroplasties, 15 (40.5%) were inpatient, whereas 22 (59.5%) were ambulatory. Immediate complication rate was comparable in inpatient (2/15, 13.3%) and ambulatory cases (1/22, 4.5%): one wound infection in both groups and one recurrent urinary tract infection in the inpatient group. No oral cavity complications, bleeding/hematoma, or anesthesia-related morbidity were observed. There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence (13.3% vs. 9.6%; P = 0.98) and success rates (90.9% vs. 86.7%; P = 0.53) over a median of 53 (inpatient) and 34 (ambulatory) months follow-up.

Conclusions:

Ambulatory BMG urethroplasty, discharge within 6 hours of surgery, appears safe and feasible in geriatric populations (>65), with no increased adverse outcomes. Factors like healthcare access, caregiver availability, and patient education play roles in discharge time. However, more robust studies are warranted for conclusive evidence.