bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against RNA viruses
Authors: Sato Yukiyo , Kondo Hideki , Suzuki Nobuhiro
Published: June 2024

Antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) is conserved from yeasts to mammals. Dicer recognizes and cleaves virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and/or structured single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) into small-interfering RNAs, which guide effector Argonaute to homologous viral RNAs for digestion and inhibit virus replication. Thus, Argonaute is believed to be essential for antiviral RNAi. Here, we show Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against dsRNA viruses using
Cryphonectria parasitica
(chestnut blight fungus), which is a model filamentous ascomycetous fungus and hosts a variety of viruses. The fungus has two dicer-like genes (
dcl1
and
dcl2
) and four argonaute-like genes (
agl1
to
agl4
). We prepared a suite of single to quadruple
agl
knockout mutants with or without
dcl
disruption. We tested these mutants for antiviral activities against diverse dsRNA viruses and ssRNA viruses. Although both DCL2 and AGL2 worked as antiviral players against some RNA viruses, DCL2 without argonaute was sufficient to block the replication of other RNA viruses. Overall, these results indicate the existence of a Dicer-alone defense and different degrees of susceptibility to it among RNA viruses. We discuss what determines the great difference in susceptibility to the Dicer-only defense.
Trichomonas vaginalisextracellular vesicles up-regulate and directly transfer adherence factors promoting host cell colonization
Authors: Kochanowsky Joshua A. , Mira Portia M. , Elikaee Samira , Muratore Katherine , Rai Anand Kumar , Riestra Angelica M. , Johnson Patricia J.
Published: June 2024

Trichomonas vaginalis, a common sexually transmitted parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract, secretes extracellular vesicles (TvEVs) that are taken up by human cells and are speculated to be taken up by parasites as well. While the crosstalk between TvEVs and human cells has led to insight into host:parasite interactions, roles for TvEVs in infection have largely been one-sided, with little known about the effect of TvEV uptake byT. vaginalis. Approximately 11% of infections are found to be coinfections of multipleT. vaginalisstrains. Clinical isolates often differ in their adherence to and cytolysis of host cells, underscoring the importance of understanding the effects of TvEV uptake within the parasite population. To address this question, our lab tested the ability of a less adherent strain ofT. vaginalis, G3, to take up fluorescently labeled TvEVs derived from both itself (G3-EVs) and TvEVs from a more adherent strain of the parasite (B7RC2-EVs). Here, we showed that TvEVs generated from the more adherent strain are internalized more efficiently compared to the less adherent strain. Additionally, preincubation of G3 parasites with B7RC2-EVs increases parasite aggregation and adherence to host cells. Transcriptomics revealed that TvEVs up-regulate expression of predicted parasite membrane proteins and identified an adherence factor, heteropolysaccharide binding protein (HPB2). Finally, using comparative proteomics and superresolution microscopy, we demonstrated direct transfer of an adherence factor, cadherin-like protein, from TvEVs to the recipient parasite’s surface. This work identifies TvEVs as a mediator of parasite:parasite communication that may impact pathogenesis during mixed infections.
An α-ketoglutarate conformational switch controls iron accessibility, activation, and substrate selection of the human FTO protein
Authors: Burns Daniel , Khatiwada Balabhadra , Singh Aayushi , Purslow Jeffrey A. , Potoyan Davit A. , Venditti Vincenzo
Published: June 2024

The fat mass and obesity-associated fatso (FTO) protein is a member of the Alkb family of dioxygenases and catalyzes oxidative demethylation of N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A), N
1
-methyladenosine (m
1
A), 3-methylthymine (m
3
T), and 3-methyluracil (m
3
U) in single-stranded nucleic acids. It is well established that the catalytic activity of FTO proceeds via two coupled reactions. The first reaction involves decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and formation of an oxyferryl species. In the second reaction, the oxyferryl intermediate oxidizes the methylated nucleic acid to reestablish Fe(II) and the canonical base. However, it remains unclear how binding of the nucleic acid activates the αKG decarboxylation reaction and why FTO demethylates different methyl modifications at different rates. Here, we investigate the interaction of FTO with 5-mer DNA oligos incorporating the m
6
A, m
1
A, or m
3
T modifications using solution NMR, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and enzymatic assays. We show that binding of the nucleic acid to FTO activates a two-state conformational equilibrium in the αKG cosubstrate that modulates the O
2
accessibility of the Fe(II) catalyst. Notably, the substrates that provide better stabilization to the αKG conformation in which Fe(II) is exposed to O
2
are demethylated more efficiently by FTO. These results indicate that i) binding of the methylated nucleic acid is required to expose the catalytic metal to O
2
and activate the αKG decarboxylation reaction, and ii) the measured turnover of the demethylation reaction (which is an ensemble average over the entire sample) depends on the ability of the methylated base to favor the Fe(II) state accessible to O
2
.
The effect of directionality on lexico‑syntactic simplification in French><English student translation
Authors: Penha-Marion Laura , Gilquin Gaëtanelle , Lefer Marie-Aude
Published: June 2024

This chapter reports on an exploratory case study designed to investigate lexico-syntactic simplification
in French><English translations produced by students in two within-subjects language contact settings: Translation from
the foreign language (FL) into the first language (L1) (FL>L1 translation) and translation from the L1 into the FL
(L1>FL translation). The aim of the study is to determine whether directionality affects student translation production
and, if so, how. Lexico-syntactic simplification is operationalised as mean sentence length, root lemma-token ratio, lexical
density, and core vocabulary coverage. The results indicate that translation directionality exerts an effect on the
distribution of lexical items (lemmas, lexical words, and high-frequency words) in the translations (as compared to their
corresponding source texts), with there being more lexical simplification in L1>FL translation than in FL>L1
translation. They reveal, in addition, that student translation production is also impacted by constraints both at the macro
level (translation experience) and at the micro level (students’ idiosyncrasies and individual source texts).
Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White)
Authors:   Fera Science, Audsley Neil , Avila Gonzalo ,   Plant & Food Research, Ioratti Claudio ,   Fondazione Edmund Mach, Caron Valerie ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Ferracini Chiara ,   Università di Torino, Bukovinszki Tibor ,   Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Kenis Marc ,   CABI, Milonas Panagiotis ,   Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Herz Annette ,   Julius Kühn-Institut, Trdan Stanislav ,   University of Ljubljana, Fatu Ana-Christina ,   Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino ,   Agricultural Research Council South Africa, Lesieur Vincent ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Borowiec Nicolas ,   Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Collatz Jana ,   Agroscope, Tanner Rob ,   European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, McGee Conor ,   Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Ireland
Published: June 2024

The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula; SLF), a planthopper native to China and south east Asia, has spread to South Korea, Japan and the USA, causing significant economic damage to agriculture and forests. Feeding on over 100 plant species, SLF exudes sap that promotes mold growth and is a nuisance due to its aggregating behavior. Research on natural enemies for biological control has identified several promising candidates. In China, the egg parasitoid Anastatus orientalis and the nymphal parasitoid Dryinus sinicus show potential, with A. orientalis demonstrating high parasitism rates but variable specificity. In the USA, the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuvanae, initially used for spongy moth control, has been found in SLF egg masses, though its broad host range and potential as a hyperparasitoid may limit its suitability. Further research is necessary to fully evaluate these natural enemies for effective biological control of SLF.
Nun moth, Lymantria monacha (L.)
Authors:   Fera Science, Audsley Neil , Avila Gonzalo ,   Plant & Food Research, Ioratti Claudio ,   Fondazione Edmund Mach, Caron Valerie ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Ferracini Chiara ,   Università di Torino, Bukovinszki Tibor ,   Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Kenis Marc ,   CABI, Milonas Panagiotis ,   Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Herz Annette ,   Julius Kühn-Institut, Trdan Stanislav ,   University of Ljubljana, Fatu Ana-Christina ,   Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino ,   Agricultural Research Council South Africa, Lesieur Vincent ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Borowiec Nicolas ,   Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Collatz Jana ,   Agroscope, Tanner Rob ,   European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, McGee Conor ,   Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Ireland
Published: June 2024

The nun moth (Lymantria monacha) is a significant pest of conifer trees, particularly pine and spruce, across its native range from Western Europe to the Russian Far East and China. It experiences periodic outbreaks and overwinters in the egg stage. Although it is not yet invasive outside its native range, it has not been the target of classical biological control. The most promising natural enemies for potential control include the tachinid fly Parasetigena sylvestris, which is specific to Lymantria spp. and a key parasitoid of the gypsy moth in North America, and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), which is specific to the nun moth and has been developed as a biopesticide. Other potential biological control agents include the braconid Cotesia melanoscela and the ichneumonids Casinaria scutelllaris and Elachertus charondas, although their specificity and effectiveness need further investigation. In the Russian Far East, the parasitoids Parasetigena sylvestris and Blepharipa schineri are noted, with the latter requiring further study due to possible specificity differences.
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)
Authors:   Fera Science, Audsley Neil , Avila Gonzalo ,   Plant & Food Research, Ioratti Claudio ,   Fondazione Edmund Mach, Caron Valerie ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Ferracini Chiara ,   Università di Torino, Bukovinszki Tibor ,   Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Kenis Marc ,   CABI, Milonas Panagiotis ,   Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Herz Annette ,   Julius Kühn-Institut, Trdan Stanislav ,   University of Ljubljana, Fatu Ana-Christina ,   Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino ,   Agricultural Research Council South Africa, Lesieur Vincent ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Borowiec Nicolas ,   Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Collatz Jana ,   Agroscope, Tanner Rob ,   European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, McGee Conor ,   Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Ireland
Published: June 2024

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest native to the Americas, recently invading Africa, Asia and Oceania, severely affecting maize and other crops. Control efforts mainly involve chemical pesticides, posing public health risks. Classical biological control has not been implemented in the invaded regions, though some native parasitoids have adapted to the pest. In the Americas, various parasitoids and predators attack S. frugiperda. The egg parasitoid Telenomus remus, successful in the Americas, is already present in Africa and Asia. Key potential biological control agents include Chelonus insularis, an egg-larval parasitoid with high parasitism rates; Eiphosoma laphygmae, a specific larval parasitoid; and Campoletis spp., larval parasitoids that may be suitable for cooler regions. Other promising parasitoids include Aleoides laphygmae, Cotesia marginiventris, Archytas marmoratus and Lespesia archippivora. Further investigation into these parasitoids could enhance biological control strategies in newly invaded areas.
Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & SchiffermÃ¼ller)
Authors:   Fera Science, Audsley Neil , Avila Gonzalo ,   Plant & Food Research, Ioratti Claudio ,   Fondazione Edmund Mach, Caron Valerie ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Ferracini Chiara ,   Università di Torino, Bukovinszki Tibor ,   Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Kenis Marc ,   CABI, Milonas Panagiotis ,   Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Herz Annette ,   Julius Kühn-Institut, Trdan Stanislav , Fatu Ana-Christina ,   Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino ,   Agricultural Research Council South Africa, Lesieur Vincent ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Borowiec Nicolas ,   Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Collatz Jana ,   Agroscope, Tanner Rob ,   European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, McGee Conor ,   Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Ireland
Published: June 2024

The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa; PPM) is native to southern Europe, North Africa and parts of the Middle East, but has expanded northwards into several European countries. The larvae feed on conifer needles, causing severe defoliation and weakening trees, making them more susceptible to other pests and diseases. The urticating setae of older larvae pose significant health risks to humans and animals, causing skin and respiratory issues. While no classical biological control programs specifically target PPM, several natural enemies show promise. Key parasitoids include the egg parasitoids Baryscapus servadeii and Ooencyrtus pityocampae, the larval parasitoid Phryxe caudata and the pupal parasitoids Villa brunnea and Coelichneumon rudis. These parasitoids exhibit variable parasitism rates depending on region and conditions. Additionally, the ground beetle Calosoma sycophanta has been used in augmentative releases for control, demonstrating potential for classical biological control in areas where it does not naturally exist.
Quasinormal modes of charged BTZ black holes
Authors: Fontana R D B
Published: June 2024

We investigate the scalar field equation in a

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional charged BTZ black hole. The quasinormal spectra of the solution are obtained applying two different methods and good convergence between both is achieved. Using the characteristic integration technique we tested the geometry evidencing its stability against linear scalar perturbations. As a consequence a two pattern set of frequencies (families) emerges, one oscillatory and another purely imaginary. In that spectra, the fundamental modes without angular momentum are hugely affected by the presence of the black hole charge surprisedly even for small values of this. Their evolution are controlled by purely imaginary frequencies as in the non-rotating chargeless BTZ case. Similar to others AdS black holes, the fundamental oscillations scale the black hole event horizon and the temperature of the hole (far from maximal charges).
Gd substitution induced incommensurate antiferromagnetism in B20 noncentrosymmetric CoSi
Authors: Kumar Kalabarigi Ravi , Shanmukharao Samatham S , Shravan Kumar Reddy S , Srinivasa Rao Siriki
Published: June 2024

Rare-earth element Gd doped CoSi, Co

1
−
x

Gd
x
Si (x = 0.01), is investigated using x-ray diffraction and magnetization. It crystallizes in B20 cubic structure with lattice parameter of a = 4.4429 Å. The alloy exhibits two antiferromagnetic transitions AFM-I at 38.44 K and AFM-II at 21.87 K followed by an upturn of magnetization below

T

ut

= 9.79 K as illustrated through the temperature-magnetic field T-H phase diagram. AFM-I state is incommensurate. AFM-II state is weakly correlated as inferred from field-induced transition to AFM-I state. Further, AFM-I state is reported to transform to ferromagnetic state in high magnetic fields. The present study stimulates an approach to derive novel and exotic magnetic materials by substituting rare-earth in transition metal monosilicides.
Real-time fractional order

L

1

adaptive control strategy for fractional order two link manipulator
Authors: Biswas Debasish , Das Sharma Kaushik
Published: June 2024

Position controlled industrial robots are used for trajectory tracking with fast and precise motion. The modelling and control technique in such a case depends on manipulator structure, material, servo control and inertial force. This paper proposes a scheme of fractional order modelling of a two-link manipulator (TLM) system with non-linearities, parametric uncertainties and disturbances, in joint space. A newly developed

L

1

adaptive control (

L

1

AC) strategy is modified by introducing a fractional-order predictor and fractional order adaptation laws to achieve desired variations of joint angles of the TLM. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that the proposed FO-

L

3

AC scheme works in synchronism with the FOTLM system to deal with the non-linearities, parametric uncertainties and disturbances during real-life experimentation. The stability of the overall close loop system is precisely guaranteed utilizing the Lyapunov theory, and all the closed-loop variables are bounded employing

L

1

norm-based conditions. Real-life experimental studies demonstrate the superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Gravitational-wave matched filtering on a quantum computer
Authors: Veske Doğa , Tüysüz Cenk , Amico Mirko , Bronn Nicholas T , Lanes Olivia T , Bartos Imre , Márka Zsuzsa , Will Sebastian , Márka Szabolcs
Published: June 2024

State-of-the-art quantum computers have very limited applicability for accurate calculations. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of qubit-based matched filtering for a detection of the gravitational-wave signal from a binary black hole merger. With our implementation on noisy superconducting qubits, we obtained a similar signal-to-noise ratio for the binary black hole merger as achievable with classical computation, providing evidence for the utility of qubits for practically relevant tasks. The algorithm we invented for this application is a Monte Carlo algorithm which uses quantum and classical computation together. It provides a quasi-quadratic speed-up for time-domain convolution, similar to achievable with fast Fourier transform.
Thermal analysis of the Rindler–Schwarzschild black hole via corrected entropy
Authors: Ditta Allah , Tiecheng Xia , Ali Riasat , Övgün Ali
Published: June 2024

In this study, we investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of the Rindler–Schwarzschild black hole solution. Our analysis encompasses the examination of energy emission, Gibbs free energy, and thermal fluctuations. We calculate various quantities such as the Hawking temperature, geometric mass, and heat capacity to assess the local and global thermodynamic stability. The temperature of the black hole is determined using the first law of thermodynamics, while the energy emission rate is evaluated as well. By computing the Gibbs free energy, we explore the phase transition behavior exhibited by Rindler–Schwarzschild black hole, specifically examining the swallowing tails. Moreover, we derive the corrected entropy to investigate the influence of thermal fluctuations on small and large black holes. Notably, we compare the impact of correction terms on the thermodynamic system by comparing the results obtained for large black holes and small black holes.
TSFAN: tensorized spatial-frequency attention network with domain adaptation for cross-session EEG-based biometric recognition
Authors: Jin Xuanyu , Yang Xinyu , Kong Wanzeng , Zhu Li , Tang Jiajia , Peng Yong , Ding Yu , Zhao Qibin
Published: June 2024

Objective. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are promising biometrics owning to their invisibility, adapting to the application scenarios with high-security requirements. However, It is challenging to explore EEG identity features without the interference of device and state differences of the subject across sessions. Existing methods treat training sessions as a single domain, affected by the different data distribution among sessions. Although most multi-source unsupervised domain adaptation (MUDA) methods bridge the domain gap between multiple source and target domains individually, relationships among the domain-invariant features of each distribution alignment are neglected. Approach. In this paper, we propose a MUDA method, Tensorized Spatial-Frequency Attention Network (TSFAN), to assist the performance of the target domain for EEG-based biometric recognition. Specifically, significant relationships of domain-invariant features are modeled via a tensorized attention mechanism. It jointly incorporates appropriate common spatial-frequency representations of pairwise source and target but also cross-source domains, without the effect of distribution discrepancy among source domains. Additionally, considering the curse of dimensionality, our TSFAN is approximately represented in Tucker format. Benefiting the low-rank Tucker Network, the TSFAN can scale linearly in the number of domains, providing us the great flexibility to extend TSFAN to the case associated with an arbitrary number of sessions. Main results. Extensive experiments on the representative benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of TSFAN in EEG-based biometric recognition, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches, as verified by cross-session validation. Significance. The proposed TSFAN aims to investigate the presence of consistent EEG identity features across sessions. It is achieved by utilizing a novel tensorized attention mechanism that collaborates intra-source transferable information with inter-source interactions, while remaining unaffected by domain shifts in multiple source domains. Furthermore, the electrode selection shows that EEG-based identity features across sessions are distributed across brain regions, and 20 electrodes based on 10–20 standard system are able to extract stable identity information.
Numerical Investigation on Current Behaviors of NI/PI REBCO Coils Wound with Many Bundled Tapes for Sudden Discharge
Authors: Sato Haru , Ishiyama Atsushi , Noguchi So
Published: June 2024

For future applications such as compact fusion reactors, it is necessary to investigate some characteristics of meter-class D-shaped no-insulation (NI) REBCO coils. In recent years, several kinds of NI winding techniques, such as multi-tape-bundled REBCO tapes and a partial-insulation winding technique, have been proposed and experimented to improve the current characteristics of REBCO coils, such as an excitation delay and a large induced current. In this paper, the sudden discharging has been simulated to investigate not only the current behaviors but also the Joule heats for meter-class D-shaped REBCO coils with a few different NI winding techniques: (1) complete no-insulation between tape-to-tape/turn-to-turn for multi-tape-bundled windings and (2) partial-insulation for turn-to-turn of multi-tape-bundled windings without tape-to-tape insulation. The simulation results show that the amount of Joule heats emitted in a short time is large for many-tape-bundled NI REBCO coils. Also, the simulation result show that the greater number of tapes bundled on an NI REBCO coil, the more unbalanced current distributions are observed among the bundled tapes. Furthermore, the partial-insulation REBCO coils show a particular current distribution. These results reveal that cooling systems should be considered depending on the winding techniques.
SPY: a conceptual design study of a magnet system for a high-pressure gaseous TPC neutrino detector
Authors: Bersani Andrea , Bross Alan D. , Crisler Michael , Farinon Stefania , Hayes Christopher , Mitchell Donald , Musenich Riccardo , Narug Colin , Theilacker Jay , Tope Terry , Voirin Erik , Jain Vivek ,   the DUNE collaboration
Published: June 2024

We present a novel conceptual design for a magnet system that provides the magnetic field necessary for the analysis of tracks in a high-pressure gaseous argon TPC while simultaneously serving as a pressure vessel to contain the TPC gas volume. The magnet was developed within a Near Detector proposal for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The high-pressure gaseous argon TPC is a component proposed to be one of the elements of an ensemble of near detectors that are needed for DUNE.
Design and test for the CEPC muon subdetector based on extruded scintillator and SiPM
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Wang Xiyang , Ma Weihu , Zou Shiming , Fang Deqing , He Wanbing , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Zhen , Yuan Rui , Zheng Qibin
Published: June 2024

The integration of a scintillator, wavelength-shifting
fiber, and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) has demonstrated superior
performance in the K-long and Muon detector (KLM) of the Belle II
experiment. This study outlines our research and development (R&D)
initiatives aimed at harnessing similar detection technologies,
incorporating a novel scintillator and SiPM, for potential use in a
muon detector for the proposed Circular Electron Positron Collider
(CEPC) experiment. Our R&D activities have been focused on
evaluating the efficacy of a newly developed 150 cm-long
scintillator, alongside the NDL SiPM featuring a sensitive area of
3 mm×3 mm, or the Hamamatsu MPPC with a
1.3 mm× 1.3 mm sensitive surface. The project also
includes the fabrication of a detector strip and the implementation
of techniques designed to optimize light collection
efficiency. Cosmic ray testing has shown that both NDL SiPMs and
MPPCs are capable of highly efficient photon collection, achieving
efficiencies significantly exceeding 90% when employing a threshold
of 8 photoelectrons. Additionally, the time resolution for detecting
events at the distant end of a scintillator strip has been measured
to be better than 1.7 ns. The remarkable performance observed lays
the foundation for advancing R&D including prototype modules aiming
for reference Technical Design Report of CEPC detector recently.
Quantifying the biomimicry gap in biohybrid robot-fish pairs
Authors: Papaspyros Vaios , Theraulaz Guy , Sire Clément , Mondada Francesco
Published: June 2024

Biohybrid systems in which robotic lures interact with animals have become compelling tools for probing and identifying the mechanisms underlying collective animal behavior. One key challenge lies in the transfer of social interaction models from simulations to reality, using robotics to validate the modeling hypotheses. This challenge arises in bridging what we term the ‘biomimicry gap’, which is caused by imperfect robotic replicas, communication cues and physics constraints not incorporated in the simulations, that may elicit unrealistic behavioral responses in animals. In this work, we used a biomimetic lure of a rummy-nose tetra fish (Hemigrammus rhodostomus) and a neural network (NN) model for generating biomimetic social interactions. Through experiments with a biohybrid pair comprising a fish and the robotic lure, a pair of real fish, and simulations of pairs of fish, we demonstrate that our biohybrid system generates social interactions mirroring those of genuine fish pairs. Our analyses highlight that: 1) the lure and NN maintain minimal deviation in real-world interactions compared to simulations and fish-only experiments, 2) our NN controls the robot efficiently in real-time, and 3) a comprehensive validation is crucial to bridge the biomimicry gap, ensuring realistic biohybrid systems.
Nonlocal fermions with local interactions and the SYK model
Authors: Levine G C
Published: June 2024

One of the most promising routes to non-fermi liquids and strange metals has been through SYK models (Sachdev 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett.
105 151602) which necessarily involve large flavor degrees of freedom and interactions with imposed disorder. We introduce an interacting model of nonlocal spinless fermions in which large flavor and effective disorder emerge spontaneously in the extreme nonlocal limit. This model may be thought of as an expansion in a dimensionless ‘locality scale,’ α, with the limit

α
→
0

recovering a conventional local action. For finite α, the resulting interacting nonlocal action exhibits a large number of low-energy degrees of freedom—proportional to α—and the structure factor mediating the local interactions between these fermions is effectively random for large α. In one dimension, with finite α, we show that interactions are marginal to the one loop level (as they are in the conventional local case), preserving a gapless phase. At large α the interaction strength becomes comparable to the bandwidth and we analyze this large flavor limit in a manner similar to the diagrammatic approach to SYK. As α is increased we argue that the gapless phase established by conventional RG possibly crosses over to a gapless SYK phase, although the ‘melon’ diagrams are not exclusively dominant. We speculate on how this model might arise physically from an S-matrix connecting pure excited states—rather than the vacuum—to access finite temperature interacting fermions.
Extreme Marine Heatwaves in the Southern Java during 2016
Authors: Beliyana E , Tarya A
Published: June 2024

In this manuscript, we investigated the characteristics of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in southern Java and the effect of local (air-sea heat flux) and remote forcing (El Niño–Southern Oscillation/ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole/IOD) on the formation of MHWs. We utilized remote sensing data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature V2.1 dataset and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis, covering the period 01 January 1982 to 31 December 2021. The datasets were processed by statistical analysis using MATLAB. We found that the most prolonged durations and the highest cumulative intensities of MHWs in southern Java were recorded during 2016, spanning approximately 255 days and 419.28 °C, respectively. During 2016, the combination of El Niño decay and negative IOD led to optimal warm conditions for long-lasting MHWs and hit southern Java throughout the year. Furthermore, this research highlighted a stronger correlation between ENSO and MHWs in southern Java compared to the IOD, with a 5–8 months lag time. We suggest that long-lasting MHW events may have serious implications for social and ecological systems. Therefore, an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of MHWs due to ongoing climate change becomes an urgent matter to predict such extreme events.
Ocean Circulation and Variability in the Seram and Northern Banda Seas
Authors: Dompeipen A C , Rumohoira D R , Atmadipoera A S , Nabil  , Apriansyah  , Nugroho D , Natih N M N
Published: June 2024

The Seram and Banda Seas (SBS) convey the eastern pathway of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) from Maluku and Halmahera inflow portals. This study aims to investigate circulation and variability at near-surface and thermocline layers in the SBS region using validated INDESO model output datasets (2008-2015). It is shown that much warmer and saltier thermocline ITF water (24,36°C and 34,65 psu) from Halmahera is predominant, flowing southward and impinging on the northern coast of Seram near 128.5°E. The flows then bifurcate eastward into the Banda outer ring arc and westward into Banda via the Manipa Strait and western Seram Seas. In Banda, two clockwise eddies are found related to these inflows. Secondary southward inflow via Lifamatola is associated with cooler and less salty water (23,3°C and 34,45 psu), which merges with ITF Halmahera. The variability of oceanographic parameters is dominated by the annual period. However, on an interannual scale, the response of seawater temperature to ENSO is evident, and its amplitude, as shown by the principal component time series EOF, is much stronger in Banda than in Seram at -2.7. A decreasing trend of seawater temperature was also found in 2015.
Vertical Characteristic of Water Mass in The Flores Sea: The Effect of The ITF on The Transitional Season
Authors: Wahyuni D S , Kisnarti E A , Permatasari I N , Adrianto D
Published: June 2024

Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) forms unique water mass characteristics in Indonesian Marine Waters. This water mass enters through the Makassar Strait into the Banda Sea by crossing the Flores Sea. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of water masses in the Flores Sea during the transition season. In situ data was obtained using conductivity temperature depth (CTD) at four stations in the Flores Sea from April to May 2023. Next, the data was processed and analysed for layer thickness through vertical stratification and water mass characteristics using T-S diagrams. The analysis results show that the thickness of the homogeneous layer in the Flores Sea in the first transition season is between a depth of 0-40 m, the thermocline layer is at a depth of 40-300 m, and the depth layer is from a depth of 400-900 m. Apart from that, the characteristics of the water mass identified through the T-S diagram are: North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) is found at a depth of 100-150 m with a temperature between 20-26° C and a salinity between 34.9-35.4 psu. Another water mass is South Pacific Intermediate Water (SPIW) at a depth of 500-800 m with a temperature of 6-8° C and a salinity of 34.55-34.65 psu. In contrast, the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) was found at a depth of >750 m with a temperature of 5-6° C and a salinity of 34.5-34.6 psu.
Seagrass blue carbon stocks and air-sea CO2 fluxes in seagrass meadows Jepara, Indonesia
Authors: Latifah N , Ningsih N S , Kartadikaria A R , Wirasatriya A
Published: June 2024

This research was conducted on August 2022 (east season) and February 2023 (west season) in Jepara waters. There are four types of seagrasses found: Ea (Enhalus acoroides), Cr (Cymodocea rotundata), Os (Oceana serrulata), and Th (Thalassia hemprichii). The analysis results suggest that the Os species has the largest organic carbon stock within seagrass (OCS-Sg), whereas Ea has the lowest. Aside from morphological measures, in this study seagrass shoot density also determined OCS-Sg for each type of seagrass. This study found that OCS-Sg is higher during the east season (26.2±2.81 gCorg m−2) than the west season (11.2±1.78 gCorg m−2). Whereas, organic carbon stock within sediment (OCS-S) is lower during the east season (41.5±0.9 gCorg m−2) and higher during the west season (56.3±0.9 gCorg m−2). During the east and west seasons, Jepara waters act as a CO2 source. However, during the east and west seasons vegetated OCS-S had higher carbon storage (41.9 and 57.2 gCorg m−2) than unvegetated (39.2 and 53.7 gCorg m−2). This is also indicated by the CO2 flux in vegetated which is lower (13.1±4.8 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1) than unvegetated (16.5±4.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1) during the east season. On the other hand, vegetated waters have higher CO2 flux (22.7±2.7 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1) in the west season than unvegetated (18.0±2.5 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1), this is related to seagrass shoot density during the west season which is decreasing. These findings lead to the conclusion that seagrass plays an important role for storing and absorbing carbon and storing carbon and store it in seagrass biomass and sediment even though the role of waters returns CO2 back to the atmosphere.
Tidal range energy conversion from Benoa, Bali
Authors: Zahra A N Az , Kartika A G D , Rachman H A
Published: June 2024

As one of the oceanographic parameters, the tidal range can be used as a source of blue energy in producing renewable energy such as electricity in Indonesian territory, especially in small islands. Utilization of tidal ranges in producing electrical energy will be more environmentally friendly when compared to Steam-Electric Power Station, which require coal resources as a power source. This research aims to determine the potential for renewable energy from tides in Benoa waters, Bali. The data used in this study is sea level data from tide gauges sourced from the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center (UHSLC). Analysis of tidal types and components in this study was carried out using the least squares method using the R program language. The results showed that the tidal type of Benoa waters is a mixed-semidiurnal tide. In 2020 and 2022, the highest tidal ranges are 2.46m (in December) and 2.3m (in March, November, and December), respectively. The simulation results for a 1000 m2 pond show that the energy potential in 2020 is 24.0 kWh and in 2022 it is 27.7 kWh. The tidal value’s magnitude influences the tidal energy potential; the more significant the tidal value, the greater the energy produced.
Abundance of Marine Debris on Satonda Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Kisnarti E. A. , Mevia S. K. A.
Published: June 2024

Macro-sized marine debris is found not only on the coasts of densely populated islands but also on the coasts of small islands. The presence of marine debris on this small island is because there are tourist attractions that attract people’s attention or because currents around it carry it away. Therefore, this research aims to determine the abundance of marine debris on Satonda Island (a small island in the eastern part of Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia). Even though it is small, this island is an attractive tourist destination because it has a lake formed from the eruption of Mount Tambora. Marine debris data was collected using the quadrant transect method, carried out randomly along the coastline. Data collection time was carried out at high and low tides, with the parameters recorded being the amount and type of waste, size and shape of rubbish, coordinate points, transect length, and data collection time. The research results show that the marine debris on Satonda Island is diverse (393 items), with a total weight of 16,665.45 g. At high tide, it is dominated by rubber marine debris, such as shoes and sandals weighing 1,457 g (33 items), while at low tide, it is dominated by hard plastic marine debris weighing 3,972 g (147 items).
Analysis of extreme wave probabilistic return value based on the 20-year spectral and empirical wave modeling approach in the Coastal Area of Pangandaran
Authors: Musa M F F , Windupranata W , Nusantara C A D S , Nuraghnia A , Al Ghifari M W , Hayatiningsih I , Wijaya D D
Published: June 2024

The coastal area of Pangandaran is located on the southern coast of Java Island, Indonesia. It offers stunning beach panoramas, and tempting waves for surfers, while also providing livelihoods for people who depend on the marine biodiversity and abundance of fish caught in the surrounding waters. However, its exposure to the Indian Ocean makes it susceptible to extreme waves, posing risks to tourism, fishing, and safety. This study aims to conduct an extreme wave hazard analysis based on the Probabilistic Return Value (PRV) using Significant Wave Height (SWH) data for over 20 years of data to obtain a wave climate value in the Batukaras area. The SWH values are obtained from two methods, numerical spectral wave modeling using Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) and calculations using an empirical formula from the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP), both using wind data from the ERA-5 Satellite. Based on these calculations, the Gumbel distribution was analysed to determine the PRV value on the coast. By estimating the return value of extreme waves based on the spectral SWAN method, for a return period of 300 years, extreme wave events occur at a height of 2.01 m to 2.64 m at a depth of 5-21 m. Meanwhile, the empirical JONSWAP method generates the same probability for wave heights of 7.19 m to 12.81 m based on statistical predictions based on modeling data. Based on these results, community and tourist preparedness on the coast of Batukaras Village is expected to increase, particularly during bad weather.
The application of a low-cost microcomputer logger with pressure-temperature based sensor for coastal observations: A preliminary study
Authors: Batubara M , Risandi J , Sufyan A , Pamungkas A , Wardhani K S , Hendriyono W , Husrin S , Ulumuddin Y , Hidayat R , Handrio  , Ulvan A , Muhajirin  , Alfahmi F
Published: June 2024

Nearshore hydrodynamics, such as water level fluctuations, field observations play a crucial role in understanding and monitoring the dynamics of the coastal region. The observed parameters provide insight into oceanographic processes, climate change impacts, and the behavior of marine ecosystems that could be valuable for coastal management and infrastructure development planning. Most of the available hydrodynamic loggers are provided by companies with relatively high prices. Due to limited budgets, many areas including Indonesia waters, have limited hydrodynamic observation data. In this paper, we presented a prototype of a simple (DIY-Do It Yourself) and low-cost water level logger with a microcomputer that could be applied in coastal regions. The system consists of a pressure-based sensor to detect water level fluctuations, a temperature sensor, a single-board microcomputer and data logger, and a power supply with different sampling frequencies for various coastal applications. The result showed the ability of the microcomputer system to measure high-resolution water levels and temperatures applicable for non-directional waves, tides and non-tides observations, and ecological monitoring. The microcomputer’s low power consumption makes it suitable for long-term coastal observations, even in remote or battery-powered applications. The body of the logger is designed from PVC-nylon with sensors made from waterproof and corrosion-free materials to ensure its applicability for coastal monitoring. Moreover, the flexibility of the microcomputer system allows for customization and adaptation to specific research requirements at relatively affordable prices.
Evaluation of Sea Surface Temperature from the Satellite Observations and Model Output using In Situ Measurement dataset: Study area Panjang Island, Banten
Authors: Kartadimaja Z , Rachmayani R , Cahyarini S Y
Published: June 2024

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a crucial parameter in climate change studies, and it can be obtained from various sources, including in-situ measurements, satellite observations, reanalysis, and models. However, due to the limited availability of in-situ data, researchers often rely on satellite observations and models, all of which are susceptible to errors. This study aims to improve the accuracy of SST data from satellite observations and models by evaluating and calibration the data through comparison with in-situ SST data using time series analysis. The study areas are Panjang Island, Banten, with a period from April 15, 2022, to February 7, 2023. The data was collected from satellite (OISST V2.1), model (Hycom GOFS V3.0-3.1), and in-situ (loggers HOBO U-24 and TidBit V2.1). The results show that satellite-derived SST values perform better than the model based on higher satellite correlation coefficient values (r = 0.853) compared to the model (r = 0.685). In addition, satellite data also have lower error rate (

x
¯

b
i
a
s

= 0.445°C; σ
bias
= 0.304°C; RMSE = 0.538°C) than model (

x
¯

b
i
a
s

= 0.472°C; σ
bias
= 0.32°C; RMSE = 0.57°C). The variance tests show no significant difference for satellite (p-value = 0.785) and model (p-value = 0.346) data against in-situ data, while the mean tests reveal disparities (p-value < 0.001). The calibration process reduces error values for both satellite (

x
¯

b
i
a
s

= 0.276°C; σ
bias
= 0.225°C; RMSE = 0.356°C) and model data (

x
¯

b
i
a
s

= 0.398°C; σ
bias
= 0.298°C; RMSE = 0.397°C), but the correlation coefficients remain stable at 0.853 (satellite) and 0.685 (model). In conclusion, satellite observations provide a more precise picture of the SST conditions on Panjang Island, Banten and the calibration process can improve the quality of satellite model data.
True Wind Direction and Speed Measurements System on the Ship with 433 MHz Radio Telemetry
Authors: Lisnawati A E , Winata N , Putra S R , Ariyandy T A , Susanto A T
Published: June 2024

A group of air masses that travel across the difference in air pressure is called the wind. The actual wind speed and direction, independent of the ship’s speed and direction, is known as the true wind. It is a necessary component for maritime transportation safety. The research aims to establish the effectiveness of the true wind direction and speed measurements system. The system will make the ship captain easier for monitoring the true wind data without having to analyze the apparent wind data. This system uses two primary sensors, such as GPS and an anemometer. The GPS Ublox Neo M8N generates the ship’s speed and the coordinate data in latitude and longitude, while the anemometer delivers the signal as the apparent wind data. All data will be automatically measured using an algorithm to obtain the true wind data. This measurement will be processed by the Arduino mega 2560 as a microcontroller that additionally also needs an RTC to generate the time data. The output data, such as time, coordinates, and true wind speed and direction, are recorded on the SD card and displayed on LCD. In addition, the true wind data is also sent from transmitter to receiver through a 433 MHz 3DR telemetry communication and displayed on the user interface as real-time data. The conclusion is that system is truly efficient and effective for knowing the real-time true wind data, and the communication distance can achieve roughly 87.02 meters.
Assessment of suspended sediment particles distribution pattern by using remote sensing approach and in-situ data to support coastal protection in Barito River mouth area, Indonesia
Authors: Widyanata D , Dewi I P , Rahmania R , Baharuddin
Published: June 2024

With a total length of approximately 900 km, Barito River has become an important water transportation route in South Kalimantan Province of Indonesia for hundreds of years, by connecting major city such as Banjarmasin and other outback regions in its upstream with the Java Sea. This river is also known as mouth to other river branches such as Martapura, Kuin, Nagara and Tapin River. Unfortunately, the natural condition of Barito is degraded due to anthropogenic disturbances in the upstream. Intensified land clearing activities has caused a high volume of runoff and discharge, especially during the rainy season with a high intensity of rainfall, thus increasing the total suspended solids in waters surround the river mouth. On the contrary, the low intensity of rainfall during the dry season leads to a lower volume of runoff and discharge. This study aims to visualize the distribution pattern of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the coastal waters surround Barito River mouth during both rainy and dry seasons, which resulted from field observation (started from river body to the coastal waters) and Sentinel-2 image analysis. The result indicates a similar trend between satellite image analysis and in-situ measurement, where a high concentration of TSS is occurred during the rainy season and lower concentrations of TSS during dry seasons. From field observation, the concentrations of TSS ranges from 12 mg/l to 46 mg/l during the rainy season and from 1 mg/l to 65 mg/l during the dry season. From Sentinel-2 analysis, the concentrations of TSS ranges from 30 mg/l to 170 mg/l during the rainy season and from 5 mg/l to 50 mg/l during the dry season. During the rainy season, the concentration is high and distributed further towards the coastal waters due to the influence of high discharge and rainfall. While during the dry season, the concentration is lower and primarily distributed in the estuarine area due to the influence of discharge and tidal currents, both of which are equally significant. This study can be used by local government as a tool to control land use change in the upstream, protect coastal area and to mitigate the impact of natural disaster that could be caused by this event in the downstream.