bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Modern Menstrual Methods and related unmet needs among college going women in Coimbatore district: An analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Durairaj Thavansree , Periyasamy Aparnavi , Narayanan Seetharaman , Mahantshetti Sushmitha , Dhandapani Srihari , Shanmugam Jeevithan , Moorthy Ramesh , Kumar Mohan
Published: September 2023

Objectives:The primary objectives were to determine the proportion of modern menstrual method (MMM) users among college going women in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu; and to estimate the unmet needs associated with use of MMMs in comparison with other menstrual hygiene methods (MHMs). We also assessed the factors that determine MMM use among college going women.Methods:This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among college going women in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India between October 2022 and January 2023 using a purpose predesigned, pretested, semi-structured proforma that included validated Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36).Results:Only 1.4% of the study participants used MMMs – menstrual cups (1.3%) and tampons (0.1%). Sanitary pads were the most common MHM of choice (96.3%); of which majority (98.6%) used disposable pads and more than half (50.4%) used non-biodegradable pads. Importantly, one in six (16.5%) were not aware of nature of sanitary pads (biodegradable or nonbiodegradable) used. The unmet needs associated with MMMs (menstrual cups and tampons) were significantly lower than that for other MHMs (including sanitary pads), in particular, the unmet material and home environment needs, unmet material reliability concerns, unmet reuse needs and unmet reuse insecurity. However, we found no significant difference between MMMs, sanitary pads and other MHMs in terms of unmet transport, college environment, change and disposal insecurity needs. The significant predictors of use of MMMs were age (more than 21 years of age), residence (urban), type of stay (off campus including home), socioeconomic status (upper), fathers’ and mothers’ education (high school and above), and presence of personal income. Discussions with friends (or peers) both before and after menarche regarding menstruation resulted in higher adoption of modern menstrual methods.Conclusion:MMMs provided comparative advantage with lesser unmet needs for material reliability and reuse insecurity concerns, particularly in home environment. However, none of the MHMs fulfilled the user expectations for transport and disposal insecurity concerns, particularly outdoors.
Control and treatment of bone cancer; a novel theoretical study
Authors: Abadi Ali Soltani Sharif , Rafeeyan Mansour , Abootalebi Vahid
Published: September 2023

The human body has symmetric bones. This paper uses control engineering concepts to design a suitable controller to synchronize two symmetric bones of the human body to control and treat bone cancer. A Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control (NTSMC) method will be employed to design the proposed control inputs. The control inputs can be the chemical drugs that can be used to treat bone cancer. The dynamical equations of bone cancer will be used to apply the designed control method and test it. For testing the designed controller, Simulink/MATLAB software will be used. The proposed controller is chattering-free, robust against uncertainties and external disturbances, and finite-time stable in the control engineering view. Bone cancer will be treated for almost one year using the proposed control method.
Preparation of amido-rich monolithic corn-bract via surface graft modification for efficient separation of acid red from wastewater
Authors: Zhang Zhijian , Luo Wenjun
Published: September 2023

A novel monolithic amidogen-rich biomass adsorbent was successfully prepared. Corn-bract (CB) was employed as adsorbent matrix, arginine (Arg) was selected as a bonding bridge between the hydroxyls on cellulose came from CB and modifier molecules to enrich reactive sites and improve reaction activity. Polyethylene imine (PEI) was then grafted to the surface of CB in a heterogeneous reaction. The resultant CB-g-PEI held a grafting ratio of 60.6 %. And the maximum adsorption for (acid red 18) AR18 was reached 506.7 mg/g. As a necessary content of adsorption behavior research. Models about isotherm adsorption, adsorption kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics were all inspected. According to the research conclusions obtained, The pseudo-second-order model provides the best explanation for the kinetics of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm of AR18 is in better agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption and desorption experiments were conducted over 6 times. The samples were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, EDS and etc. The study suggests that the CB-g-PEI is an available adsorbent.
Transcriptome responses to Ralstonia solanacearum infection in the tetraploid potato
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Zhu Xi , Zhang Yu , Shao Shunwei , Jin Hui
Published: September 2023

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a vital global food source, but its growth can be severely impacted by Ralstonia solanacearum (R. s) infection. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms of potato resistance to this pathogen are not fully understood. Huashu No.12, a tetraploid potato genotype, has been identified as highly resistant to R. s. In this study, Huashu No.12 and Longshu No.7 were inoculated with R. s to evaluate disease resistance. Results showed that Huashu No.12 exhibited significantly higher resistance to R. s compared to Longshu No.7, with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lignin content, as well as an abundance of corpus callosum and strong autofluorescence in the phloem sieve tube. Related enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, POD, PAL, and PPO, were also found to contribute to Huashu No.12's resistance to R. s disease. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 659 differentially expressed genes between resistant and susceptible materials, with the ERF family having the most differentially expressed genes. GO and KEGG analyses provided further insights into the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense against R. sdisease. Overall, this study highlights the crucial role of related enzymes and differential gene expression in the resistance of Huashu No.12 to R. s, providing valuable insights into potato breeding for disease resistance.
Patients’ experience of the feasibility of a novel interdisciplinary nurse-led self-management intervention (INSELMA) – a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Blum Nadine Schäffer , Esbensen Bente Appel , Østergaard Mikkel , Bremander Ann , Hendricks Oliver , Lindgren Luise Holberg , Andersen Lena , Jensen Kim Vilbæk , Primdahl Jette
Published: September 2023

Background
Despite continuous improvements in anti-rheumatic pharmacological treatment, people with chronic inflammatory arthritis still report substantial disease impact. Based on the framework for complex interventions, we thus developed INSELMA, a novel nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary self-management intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis. Based on individual biopsychosocial assessments, a rheumatology nurse facilitated goal setting and coordinated interdisciplinary support. The aim of this study was to explore the patients’ experience of participating in the six-months feasibility test of the INSELMA intervention.
Methods
Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 of the participants after their final follow-up. Thematic analysis was applied.
Results
The analysis derived four overall themes. 1) A new opportunity at the right time. The participants’ disease impacted all areas of daily life. Participation in INSELMA was experienced as an opportunity to improve symptoms and together reduce long-held challenges they had fought alone, until now. 2) The importance of person-centred goals. The participants found it meaningful to work with their individual goals, which encompassed physical, psychological, and social factors. Having time between consultations to work with goals at home was important. 3) Empathy, partnership and a little nudging from HPs are essential. The empathic nurses’ continuous support and coaching helped participants become aware of their own resources. The participants highlighted having access to support from a physiotherapist and occupational therapist with rheumatology experience as important. 4) I got more than I could have hoped for. Most of the participants experienced decreased symptom load and improvement in physical strength, mobility, sleep, and mood as well as increased energy, knowledge, and self-management ability. The participants expressed new hope for the future with an improved ability to manage their symptoms and work towards new goals.
Conclusion
The participants found the INSELMA intervention meaningful and feasible. They experienced decreased disease impact and increased activity levels, facilitated by empathy and self-management support from health professionals.
Unravelling the Complexities: Analysis of the European Air Cargo Network through the PEG Framework in the Turbulent Transition from Pre-Covid 2019 to the Pandemic-affected 2020
Authors: Ersöz Cem , Aldemir Hüseyin Önder , Kılıç Sena
Published: September 2023

Air cargo transport is a crucial component of the transportation industry, yet it has not been studied as comprehensively as passenger transport. This study is aimed at analysing the structure of Europe's air cargo network with a particular focus on the geography component of PEG analysis (Politics, Economics, and Geography). The study compares pre-Covid 2019 and pandemic-affected 2020 air cargo data. Firstly, it compares the cargo transport performances of European airports and cargo transport routes in these two years. Then, it identifies the structure of the European air cargo network using complex network theory. The study examines 253 nodes (airports) and 1033 edges (routes) in 41 European countries in 2019, and 228 nodes and 936 edges in 2020. The study reveals influential airports for air cargo transportation in Europe, as well as airports that gained or lost importance during the pandemic. A significant finding is that hub-and-hub connections are as important as hub-and-spoke connections in Europe's air cargo transport. The relevance of geographical proximity in assessing transfer hub performance is signified by employing a weighted betweenness measure that employs traffic to distance ratio. Additionally, the study concludes that modularity maximization does not seem to reveal meaningful communities in Europe's air cargo network. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of Europe's air cargo network and highlights areas that warrant further investigation.
Genetic Sex Validation for Sample Tracking in Clinical Testing
Authors: Hu Jianhong , Korchina Viktoriya , Zouk Hana , Harden Maegan V. , Murdock David , Macbeth Alyssa , Harrison Steven M. , Lennon Niall , Kovar Christie , Balasubramanian Adithya , Zhang Lan , Chandanavelli Gauthami , Pasham Divya , Rowley Robb , Wiley Ken , Smith Maureen E. , Gordon Adam , Jarvik Gail P. , Sleiman Patrick , Kelly Melissa A , Bland Harris T. , Murugan Mullai , Venner Eric , Boerwinkle Eric , Prows Cynthia , Mahanta Lisa , Rehm Heidi L. , Gibbs Richard A. , Muzny Donna M.
Published: September 2023

Objective
Data from DNA genotyping via a 96-SNP panel in a study of 25,015 clinical samples were utilized for quality control and tracking of sample identity in a clinical sequencing network. The study aimed to demonstrate the value of both the precise SNP tracking and the utility of the panel for predicting the sex-by-genotype of the participants, to identify possible sample mix-ups.
Results
Precise SNP tracking showed no sample swap errors within the clinical testing laboratories. In contrast, when comparing predicted sex-by-genotype to the provided sex on the test requisition, we identified 110 inconsistencies from 25,015 clinical samples (0.44%), that had occurred during sample collection or accessioning. The genetic sex predictions were confirmed using additional SNP sites in the sequencing data or high-density genotyping arrays. It was determined that discrepancies resulted from clerical errors, samples from transgender participants and stem cell or bone marrow transplant patients along with undetermined sample mix-ups.
Efficacy and mechanism of Shenqi Compound in Inhibiting Diabetic Vascular Calcification
Authors: Yang Chan , Xie Ziyan , liu Hanyu , Du Lian , Xie Chunguang
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Shenqi Compound (SQC) in managing diabetic vascular calcification and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: Diabetic vascular calcification was induced in Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats using vitamin D3 and nicotine. The effects of SQC were assessed in experimental groups: control, model, low/medium/high-dose SQC treatment, and metformin control. Pathological staining, transcriptome sequencing, Western blot, and qRT-PCR analyses were employed to investigate calcium deposition, osteogenic differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, apoptosis, and potential mechanisms of SQC.
Results: SQC treatment significantly reduced diabetic aortic calcification, as evidenced by decreased calcium deposition and inhibited osteogenic differentiation. Enhanced matrix remodeling and suppressed aortic apoptosis were observed. Transcriptome sequencing indicated differential expression of genes related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. Notably, the Hippo-YAP pathway emerged as a mediator of SQC's protective effects.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SQC effectively inhibits diabetic aortic calcification. The observed effects are attributed to apoptosis inhibition, ECM remodeling, inflammation modulation, lipid metabolism regulation, and involvement of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. These findings underscore SQC's potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetic cardiovascular complications, suggesting promising directions for further research and clinical application.
Geomagnetic paleointensity dating of mid-ocean ridge basalts from the neo-volcanic zone of the Central Indian Ridge
Authors: Yoshimura Yutaka , Fujii Masakazu
Published: September 2023

By utilizing absolute paleointensity (API) measurements obtained from seafloor lava as a unique age indicator, the time interval between successive lava eruptions can be estimated. Particularly, measuring APIs from non-glass portions of seafloor basalts, which constitute the majority of basalts, is of great importance. In this study, we adopted the Tsunakawa–Shaw method to measure APIs of whole-rock seafloor basalt samples collected from the Central Indian Ridge. We conducted the experiments on a total of 18 specimens (two of three specimens from each of eight lava sites). Three specimens from each of the two lava sites, in total six specimens, passed the statistical acceptance criteria. The site-level means were 33.0 ± 1.0 µT and 35.8 ± 1.7 µT from pillow and sheet lavas, respectively. The similar API site-level means obtained from lavas with different morphologies suggest that they erupted within a short period. These site-level means are approximately 0.7 to 0.8 times the present geomagnetic intensity of 46.0 µT at the diving sites. By comparing the two site-level means with the geomagnetic intensity curves calculated from the reference geomagnetic and paleomagnetic models, we can conclude that the lavas erupted older than 1590 CE or 1530–1620 CE.
Unveiling the Digital Fingerprints: Analysis of Internet attacks based on website fingerprints
Authors: Rexha Blerim , Musa Arbena , Vishi Kamer , Martiri Edlira
Published: September 2023

Parallel to our physical activities our virtual presence also leaves behind our unique digital fingerprints, while navigating on the Internet. These digital fingerprints have the potential to unveil users' activities encompassing browsing history, utilized applications, and even devices employed during these engagements. Many Internet users tend to use web browsers that provide the highest privacy protection and anonymization such as Tor. The success of such privacy protection depends on Tor feature to anonymize end user IP address and other metadata that constructs the website fingerprint. In this paper, we show that using the newest machine learning algorithms an attacker can deanonymize Tor traffic by applying such techniques. In our experimental framework, we establish a baseline and comparative reference point using a publicly available dataset from Universidad Del Cauca, Colombia. We capture network packets across 11 days, while users navigate specific web pages, recording data in .pcapng format through the Wireshark network capture tool. Excluding extraneous packets, we employ various machine learning algorithms in our analysis. The results show that the Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm delivers the best outcomes in binary classification, achieving an accuracy of 0.8363. In the realm of multi-class classification, the Random Forest algorithm attains an accuracy of 0.6297.
Identification and analysis of MAPK cascade gene families of Camellia oleifera and their roles in response to cold stress
Authors: Xing kaifeng , Zhang Jian , Xie Haoxing , Zhang Lidong , Zhang Huaxuan , Feng Liyun , Zhou Jun , Xiang Xiaoguo , Zhao Yao , Rong Jun
Published: September 2023

Background
Low temperature severely limits the growth and development of Camellia oleifera. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a key role in the response to cold stress.
Methods and results
Our study aims to identify MAPK cascade genes in C. oleifera and reveal their roles in response to cold stress. In our study, we systematically identified and analyzed the MAPK cascade gene families of C. oleifera, including their physical and chemical properties, conserved motifs, and multiple sequence alignments. In addition, we characterized the interacting networks of MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK in C. oleifera. The molecular mechanism of cold stress resistance of MAPK cascade genes in wild C. oleifera was analyzed by differential gene expression and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR).
Conclusion
In this study, 21 MAPKs, 4 MAPKKs and 55 MAPKKKs genes were identified in the leaf transcriptome of C. oleifera. According to the phylogenetic results, MAPKs were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D), MAPKKs were divided into 3 groups (A, B and D), and MAPKKKs were divided into 2 groups (MEKK and Raf). Motif analysis showed that the motifs in each subfamily were conserved, and most of the motifs in the same subfamily were basically the same. The protein interaction network based on Arabidopsis thaliana homologs revealed that MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK genes were widely involved in C. oleifera growth and development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Gene expression analysis revealed that the CoMAPKKK5 / CoMAPKKK43 / CoMAPKKK49 - CoMAPKK4 - CoMAPK8 module may play a key role in the cold stress resistance of wild C. oleifera at a high-elevation site in Lu Mountain. This study can facilitate the mining and utilization of genetic resources of C. oleifera with low temperature tolerance.
Rules-based Volumetric Segmentation of Multiparametric MRI for Response Assessment in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Ravi Harshan , Hawkins Samuel H. , Stringfield Olya , Pereira Malesa , Chen Dung-Tsa , Enderling Heiko , Yu Hsiang-Hsuan Michael , Arrington John A. , Sahebjam Solmaz , Raghunand Natarajan
Published: September 2023

We report domain knowledge-based rules for assigning voxels in brain multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) to distinct tissuetypes based on their appearance on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of water (ADC) maps, T1-weighted unenhanced and contrast-enhanced, T2-weighted, and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery images. The development dataset comprised mpMRI of 18 participants with preoperative high-grade glioma (HGG), recurrent HGG (rHGG), and brain metastases. External validation was performed on mpMRI of 235 HGG participants in the BraTS 2020 training dataset. The treatment dataset comprised serial mpMRI of 32 participants (total 231 scan dates) in a clinical trial of immunoradiotherapy in rHGG (NCT02313272). Pixel intensity-based rules for segmenting contrast-enhancing tumor (CE), hemorrhage, Fluid, non-enhancing tumor (Edema1), and leukoaraiosis (Edema2) were identified on calibrated, co-registered mpMRI images in the development dataset. On validation, rule-based CE and High FLAIR (Edema1 + Edema2) volumes were significantly correlated with ground truth volumes of enhancing tumor (R = 0.85;p < 0.001) and peritumoral edema (R = 0.87;p < 0.001), respectively. In the treatment dataset, a model combining time-on-treatment and rule-based volumes of CE and intratumoral Fluid was 82.5% accurate for predicting progression within 30 days of the scan date. An explainable decision tree applied to brain mpMRI yields validated, consistent, intratumoral tissuetype volumes suitable for quantitative response assessment in clinical trials of rHGG.
A novel approach to optimize LSTM Hyperparameter using the Chimp Optimization Algorithm for the Pressure Ventilator Prediction
Authors: Ahmed Fatma Refaat , Alsenany Samira Ahmed , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Deif Mohanad A.
Published: September 2023

Mechanical ventilation plays a vital role in the treatment of patients suffering from severe lung disease. In times of a pandemic, it becomes crucial to develop ventilators that can automatically adjust parameters during the treatment process. To address this need, a study was conducted to predict the pressure exerted on the patient by the ventilator. This prediction was based on various factors, including the ventilator's parameters and the patient's condition, using a specialized model known as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). In order to optimize the LSTM model and improve the accuracy of the prediction results, an algorithm called Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChoA) was employed. The combination of LSTM and ChoA resulted in the creation of the LSTM-ChoA model, which effectively addressed the challenge of selecting appropriate hyperparameters for the LSTM model. Experimental findings demonstrated that the LSTM-ChoA model outperformed other optimization algorithms such as whale grey wolf optimizer (GWO), optimization algorithm (WOA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), as well as regression models including K-nearest neighbor (KNN) Regressor, Random and Forest (RF) Regressor, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Regressor, in terms of accurately predicting ventilator pressure.
Retreatment and recurrence rates following Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept and Laser for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alghamdi Arwa , Aletani Tala , Alasmari Faisal , Alharbi Sereen , Ezzi Suzana , Omer Ibrahim , Talaat Kareem
Published: September 2023

Introduction
Retinopathy of prematurity is a vaso-proliferative retinal disorder that affects preterm newborns. For decades, the use of cryotherapy and laser has been the standard of care for retinopathy of prematurity. Recently, the use of anti-VEGF agents for ROP has been widely used. This systematic review measures retreatment rates following certain anti-VEGF agents and laser for ROP.
Methods
We searched Medline, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Cochrane library databases for all RCTs that used bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept and laser for ROP. Studies were assessed for risk of bias by the CASP criteria. Review Manager (RevMan) (2014) Version 5.3 was utilized to carry out the meta-analysis for our study.
Results
Analysis revealed that laser treatment is associated with a lower risk of retreatment than anti- VEGF medications. Similarly, in the subgroup analysis of the anti-VEGF medications used, groups using Aflibercept and Ranibizumab reported higher retreatment rates. In contrast, studies using Bevacizumab reported lower retreatment rates than laser therapy. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the recurrence rate of patients using anti-VEGF and laser therapy. Patients that underwent laser therapy had lower recurrence rates than the anti-VEGF groups in most trials. In the subgroup analysis, both Ranibizumab and Aflibercept reported higher recurrence rates, which favored laser treatment. However, the two trials that included Bevacizumab reported lower recurrence with Bevacizumab than with laser.
Discussion
Our results suggest that laser treatment for ROP is associated with a lower risk of retreatment and recurrence than Ranibizumab and Aflibercept, which was consistent with similar systematic reviews. On the other hand, this study found that Bevacizumab was superior to laser therapy with lower retreatment and recurrence rates.
Conclusion
This study showed that laser was superior to both ranibizumab and aflibercept as it had a lower risk of disease reactivation requiring retreatment. However, when reviewing studies that examined bevacizumab compared to laser. Bevacizumab showed a lower retreatment rate.
M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates the progression of right ventricle failure by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Guo Lizhe , Wang Lu , Qin Gang , Zhang Junjie , Peng Jin , Li Long yan , Chen Xiang , Wang Dan dan , Qiu Jian , Wang E
Published: September 2023

Background: Right ventricle failure (RVF) is a progressive heart disease that has yet to be fully understood at the molecular level. Elevated M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates heart failure, but detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: We observed changes in PKM2 tetramerization levels during the progression of right heart failure andin vitrocardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explored the causal relationship between altered PKM2 tetramerization and the imbalance of redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Ultimately, our goal was to propose rational intervention strategies for the treatment of RVF. Method: We established RVF in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). The pulmonary artery pressure and right heart function of rats were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography combined with right heart catheterization. TEPP-46 was used bothin vivoandin vitroto promote PKM2 tetramerization. Results: We observed that oxidative stress and mitochondrial disorganization were associated with increased apoptosis in the right ventricular tissue of RVF rats. Quantitative proteomics revealed that PKM2 was upregulated during RVF and negatively correlated with the cardiac function. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization promoted mitochondrial network formation and alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, enhancing PKM2 tetramer formation improved cardiac mitochondrial morphology, mitigated oxidative stress and alleviated heart failure. Conculsion: Disruption of PKM2 tetramerization contributed to RVF by inducing mitochondrial fragmentation, accumulating ROS, and finally promoted the progression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization holds potential as a promising therapeutic approach for RVF.
Chloride Electrode Composed of Ubiquitous Elements for High-Energy-Density All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tanibata Naoto , Nonaka Naoki , Makino Keisuke , Takeda Hayami , Nakayama Masanobu
Published: September 2023

Inexpensive and safe energy-storage batteries with high energy densities are in high demand (e.g., for electric vehicles and grid-level renewable energy storage). This study focused on NaFeCl4, comprising ubiquitous elements, as electrode material for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries. Monoclinic NaFeCl4, expected to be the most resource-attractive Fe redox material, is also thermodynamically stable. The Fe2+/3+ redox reaction of the monoclinic NaFeCl4 electrode, had a higher potential (3.45 V vs. Na/Na+) than conventional oxide electrodes (e.g., Fe2O3 with 1.5 V vs. Na/Na+) because of the noble properties of chlorine. Additionally, NaFeCl4 exhibited unusually high deformability (99% of the relative density of the pellet) upon uniaxial pressing (382 MPa) at 298 K. This material operates at 333 K in an electrode system without an electrolyte, which is realizable in next-generation all-solid-state batteries with high safety. High energy density per positive electrode of 311 Wh kg-1 is achieved using only a simple powder press.
Illegal wildlife Trade in a Protected Area of Western Himalayas, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ashmita , Timilsina Kailash , Koirala Sudeep , Bhandar Ravi
Published: September 2023

Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) in Nepal, like many parts in the globe, possesses significant threat to many endangered species. IWT is possessing significant threat to conservation challenge in Nepal due to its proximity to major consumer markets in China and India serving as both source and transit. This research focuses on the illegal wildlife trade and complex dynamics of human associated behind such activities prevailing around Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) of Nepal. Study was carried by mixed method using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative analysis was performed based on summative content analysis and in-depth interviews with conservation experts and individuals convicted for illegal trading. Quantitative analysis was performed based on the data obtained from official record of ACA and published reports from national agencies in relevant field. Among all the seized items wild fauna Muntiacus vaginalis was largely traded in Annapurna region which accounted for 40%. Rare species such as Moschus chrysogaster, Panthera uncia, Naemorhedus goral, Hemitragus jemlahicus and Lophophorus impejanus which come under CITES Appendix I were also seized in significant amounts. Among seized flora, rare species found were Paris polyphylla, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Dactylorhiza hatagirea. The study identified five major themes: traded species; major trade routes; motivating factors; coordination and cooperation between the stakeholders; and law enforcement challenges of illegal wildlife trade. Study found that significant percentage of vulnerable and endangered species were illegally traded in Annapurna Conservation Area. The finding emphasized the importance of development of collaborative initiative with local communities and also showed the immediate need of enhancing the understanding of relevant stakeholders regarding legal, social, economic, and environmental impacts of the illegal trade in Annapurna region.
Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and psychometric evaluation of the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT12) to Hebrew
Authors: Steinfeld-Mass Yael , Ben-Ami Noa , Botser Itamar , Morgenstern David , Finestone Aharon
Published: September 2023

Background The "International Hip Outcome Tool 12" (iHOT12) is a self-administered patient-reported outcome tool for measuring health-related quality of life and physical functioning in young and active patients with hip pathology. Since the iHOT12 has become widely used, we sought to translate and validate it for Hebrew-speaking populations. The aims of this study were: (1) To translate and culturally adapt the iHOT12 into Hebrew using established guidelines. (2) To test the new Hebrew version for validity, and (3) reliability.Methods The iHOT12 was translated and culturally adapted from English to Hebrew (iHOT12-H) according to the COSAMIN guidelines. For validity, the iHOT12-H and Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) were completed by 200 patients with hip pathology. Subsequently, 51 patients repeated the iHOT12-H within a 2-week interval. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cronbach alpha, and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) were calculated to assess reliability.Results Construct validity: iHOT12-H correlated strongly to the WOMAC scores (r=-0.82, P < 0.001, Spearman). Internal consistency was excellent, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.953. The ICC was 0.956 (95% CI 0.924–0.974), demonstrating excellent test-retest reliability. There was no floor or ceiling effect.Conclusion The iHOT12 Hebrew version has excellent reliability, good construct validity and can be used as a measurement tool for physical functioning and quality of life in young, physically active patients with hip pathology. This study will serve Israeli researchers in evaluating treatment effectiveness for these patients. Moreover, it will also enable multinational cooperation in the study of hip pathology.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Behzad Hossein , Asham Hila , Beheshtirouy Samineh , Mashayekhi Sina , Entezari-Maleki Taher
Published: September 2023

Background
The effects of Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) have been investigated by preclinical and clinical studies, however there is still lack of a net impact. Therefore, a systematic review is required to evaluate the impact of SGLT-2 inhibitors on myocardial IRI reduction.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception until August 7th, 2023. ClinicalTrials.gov was also explored for ongoing studies. Two authors independently conducted the literature search, examined the studies, and evaluated the eligibility criteria. Any disagreements or uncertainties were resolved by the corresponding author. The search strategy followed the PICO process (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) and Emtree was used to select relevant keywords.
Results
Of 220 articles identified from the literature research, five articles were included in the study, of which three studies lately were retracted. The remaining studies included 1229 participants, with 209 receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors and 1090 not receiving them. All of the participants were diabetic patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The results demonstrated that the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors is associated with lower troponin levels, higher rates of ST resolution in admission. The results of the studies also showed smaller infarct sizes, lower inflammatory biomarkers and improved left ventricular function at discharge among SGLT-2 inhibitor users.
Conclusion
The reviewed articles provided benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors in IRI through reducing infarct size and inflammatory biomarkers. Our conclusion is further supported by available in vivo and ex vivo findings.
Application of Clostridium thiosulphatireducens, Enterobacter aerogenes and their co-culture inoculum for Biohydrogen Production
Authors: Kedar Pradnya Gautam , Nair Aparna , Konale Ram , Ingle Sopan
Published: September 2023

Biohydrogen has drawn the attention of researchers all over the world due to its advantages over conventional fuels. However, it is necessary to make the process of biohydrogen production economically and environmentally sustainable. In this study, biohydrogen production from soybean straw in anaerobic batch reactor (sera bottles) using H2 producing bacteria (Clostridium thiosulphatireducens and Enterobacter aerogenes) was investigated. Candidate strains were identified and analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. These bacteria were tested for their biohydrogen production singly as well as in combination. C. thiosulphatireducens, E. aerogenes and their co-culture inoculums were named as strain I, strain II and co-culture inoculum respectively. The fermentation process was carried out at 37°C at pH 6. Physico-chemical characteristics of substrate, cellulase enzyme activity, and 16S rDNA gene sequences were investigated. Maximum cellulase production was observed in co-culture inoculum which was 4.004 IU/ml. Maximum biohydrogen yield obtained was 1.39 mol of H2/g TS. By products formed during fermentation were acetic, butyric and propionic acid and formic acid. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) R2 value 0.843 indicates that 84.3% of variation in production of mol of H2 is explained by its relationship with microbial culture.
Ukrainian families’ transnational living and perception of Germany’s health care system in times of war
Authors: Ziegelasch Niels , Hoffmann Anastasia , Pokas Daryna , Kiess Wieland , Gotra Olga , Alvarez Bruna
Published: September 2023

Purpose During the Ukrainian war beginning in 2022, about 3.7 million children became refugees. When referring to pediatric wards in Germany, significant levels of frustration in their parents’ communication with health staff are noticed. This study aimed to analyze expectations and perceptions of the vulnerable Ukrainian families with underlying problem areas in their health care provision. Methods Embedded in a qualitative, participatory approach, eight narrative interviews and one focus group were performed in the Children’s and Adolescents’ University Hospital of Leipzig. The interviews were thematically analyzed by applying the perspective of qualitative research used in medical anthropology. Results We identified Ukrainian medical culture with a rather authoritarian communication and stricter medical treatment of infectious diseases influencing parents’ expectations. Prompt and quick appointments in Ukraine due to an income based on the number of patients treated oppose barriers and long waiting times when accessing pediatric care in Germany. Families return to Ukraine for medical appointments. Conclusions Discrepancies concerning the self-treatment of infections and unintended discrimination emphasize the necessity for health staff’s intercultural training. The high-quality care of chronically ill children in Germany is a relevant pull factor. However, the treatment of future refugee populations may benefit from a de-economization and digitalization.
Investigating Demand Models With More Flexible Elasticity Functions: Empirical Insights From Rail Demand Analysis
Authors: Wardman Mark
Published: September 2023

Models of rail travel demand take one of three generic functional forms: the generalised cost (GC) function where price and the various time variables are combined into a composite term through the use of appropriate values of time; the generalised journey time and fare (GJT-Fare) approach, where the time-related variables are combined into a single term and fare remains separate; and the specification of separate elasticities for all terms, termed the separate components (SC) approach. This research extends that reported by Wardman and Toner (2020) in exploring more flexible functional forms where appropriate parameterisation of the standard GC, GJT and SC models allows them to have more general elasticity properties. Whilst the aforementioned study discounted the standard GC approach on the grounds of inferior fit and undesirable elasticity properties, the analysis reported here, based on large datasets, finds best-fitting more flexible models to have elasticity properties that resemble those of the GC approach. Indeed, the preferred functions can deliver elasticities that are somewhat different from those of the GJT-Fare approach that has long provided the basis of official rail demand forecasts in Great Britain. In addition, the study adds to the existing evidence base by providing credible and precise elasticities for GJT and fare, and importantly for the rarely estimated GC and SC elasticities, reaffirms the need of GC models to directly estimate demand consistent values of time, and indicates that the weights currently attached to headway and interchange in formulating GJT are in need of significant amendment.
Evaluation is Key: A Survey on Evaluation Measures for Synthetic Time Series
Authors: Stenger Michael , Leppich Robert , Foster Ian , Kounev Samuel , Bauer André
Published: September 2023

Synthetic data generation describes the process of learning the underlying distribution of a given real dataset in a model, which is, in turn, sampled to produce new data objects still adhering to the original distribution. This approach often finds application where circumstances limit the availability or usability of real-world datasets, for instance, in health care due to privacy concerns. While image synthesis has received much attention in the past, time series are arguably even more relevant for many practical (e.g., industrial) applications. By now, numerous different generative models and measures to evaluate time series syntheses have been proposed. However, when it comes to what characterizes high-quality synthetic time series and how to quantify quality, no consensus has yet been reached among researchers. Hence, we propose this comprehensive survey on evaluation measures for time series generation to assist users in evaluating synthetic time series. We provide brief descriptions or - where applicable - precise definitions and also a multidimensional analysis of their properties, applicability, and usage. In order to facilitate the selection of the most suitable measures, we provide a quick guide combined with many tables and figures. Notably, during our study, we found that there is currently no generally accepted approach for an evaluation procedure, including what measures to use. We believe this situation hinders progress and may even erode evaluation standards to a ``do as you like''-approach to synthetic data evaluation. Therefore, this survey is a preliminary step to advance the field of synthetic data evaluation.
Retinal Vessel Density and Visual Field Changes and Their Correlation Following the Deep Sclerotomy in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Taheri Nazli , Mostafaie Ali , Niyousha Mohamad Reza , Motlagh Behzad Fallahi , Ghorbanpour Amir Ali , Arasteh Amin
Published: September 2023

Purpose
To explore any role of the Mitomycin-augmented Non-penetrating Deep Sclerotomy (NPDS) procedure on the retinal microvasculature and visual field and their correlation in POAG eyes.
Methods
22 POAG eyes of 22 patients without previous surgical interventions for glaucoma, whose disease was progressing and/or the intraocular pressure was not at the target level with full topical medication, were allocated to this prospective interventional study. All the patients underwent the non-penetrating deep sclerotomy procedure and followed up for a month. The IOP, Humphery Visual Field (HVF) 30 − 2, RNFL, and the vessel density (VD) of the optic nerve head and macula (by OCTA) were evaluated one day before the surgery and one month after the NPDS procedure.
Results
At the one-month post-op follow-up, the IOP was significantly decreased compared to the pre-op visit (8mmHg vs. 23.5mmHg, p: <0.001). The visual field MD significantly improved one month after the NPDS procedure (-13.06dB vs. -15.44dB, p:0.038), although the PSD did not indicate any significant change. Neither the peripapillary nor the macular VD significantly changed during the study. However, the MD was significantly and positively correlated to the whole image, peripapillary, perifoveal, and parafoveal VD.
Conclusion
The deep sclerotomy procedure is a compelling choice of POAG treatment, which could significantly decrease the IOP and improve the visual field. However, this procedure may not alter the retinal microvasculature in a short period. Nevertheless, the positive correlation between retinal VD and the visual field MD proposes a possible vascular mechanism for the visual field defect in glaucomatous eyes.
An introduction to higher-form symmetries
Authors: Gomes Pedro R. S.
Published: September 2023

These notes are intended to be a pedagogical introduction to higher-form symmetries, which are symmetries whose charged objects are extended operators supported on lines, surfaces, and etc. This subject has been one of the most popular and effervescent topics of theoretical physics in recent years. Gauge theories are central in the study of higher-form symmetries, with Wilson and ’t Hooft operators corresponding to the charged objects. Along these notes, we discuss in detail some basic aspects, including Abelian Maxwell and Chern-Simons theories, and SU(N)SU(N) non-Abelian gauge theories. We also discuss spontaneous breaking of higher-form symmetries.
Application of Game-Theoretic Models in Law
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Cherevko R. V.
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the application of game theory models in jurisprudence. Although the problem of the application of interdisciplinary methods in law is currently very relevant, in modern Russian legal science, the theory of games has not received proper distribution. In the domestic scientific literature, there are mainly prerequisites for the use of a game-theoretic approach in law, but there is almost no further development of the idea of applying game theory in law. The author sets the task to identify some game-theoretic models that could be useful for jurisprudence. The article evaluates three legal game-theoretic models. These models were divided by the level of subjects participating in legal relations, which is demonstrated by examples. The study also searches for judicial practice in which game-theoretic elements can be found. As a result of the application of game-theoretic models, an analysis of legal relations was carried out, which indicates how the law can interfere in legal relations for more effective legal regulation. It is proved that game theory models are useful for jurisprudence, and the use of a game-theoretic approach in law needs to be developed.
The Text of Minangkabau Collective Riddles: Format, Figurative Language, and Social Function for the Collective Owners
Authors:   Indonesian Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, Universitas Negeri Padang, WS Hasanuddin , Emidar Emidar , Zulfadhli Zulfadhli
Published: September 2023

This research article aims to describe the format, figurative language, and social function of the traditional oral texts of Minangkabau collective riddles in West Sumatra, Indonesia. This research is based on the theory of folklore where riddles are categorized as a significant part of oral tradition that grows and develops orally and traditionally within the Minangkabau collective. The description of the research findings will explain the following points. First, how the format of riddles, consisting of descriptions or questions (descriptive) and answers (referent), is used by the Minangkabau collective. Secondly, it explains how the Minangkabau collective oral style uses figurative language to compose the format of descriptions or questions (descriptive) riddles that they ask to be answered by their listeners. Thirdly, it describes the Minangkabau collective attitude of the owners of the oral tradition, and it explains the importance of the riddles in their social life. This finding is in line with the theory about the social function of oral tradition for the collective owner.
Representing Gender Equality through Advertisements from the Electronic Media: A Study in Discourse Analysis
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Pathak Shubham , Mishra Swasti ,   Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Mondal Ipsita ,   Burdwan, Kolkata
Published: September 2023

Television advertisements play a significant role in shaping societal norms and values, particularly regarding gender roles and expectations. In India, where television is a major source of entertainment and information for many people, the portrayal of gender in television advertisements can significantly impact how gender is perceived and performed in society. This study attempts to understand and define the equality of gender roles in advertising, using select discourse analysis tools, including speech acts, deixis, politeness theory, modality, presuppositions, and vocabulary, to study the interplay of the verbal and visual effects. The study explores select advertisements from Indian media and finds that the theme of gender equality is gradually gaining prominence. The paper attempts to highlight that advertisements play a major role in creating and transforming gender stereotypes in society and in constructing a world of acceptability for those women who want to create their own identities. The study reveals that women now stand up for their rights against the societal norms and play a substantial role in influencing society, whereas men also participate in the tasks that are stereotypically assigned to women. The study also highlights that the verbal language in advertisements supports visuals in the text.