bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling Frost Propagation on Polymeric Surfaces Using SI‐ATRP Chemical Micropatterning
Authors: Tavaststjerna Miisa J. , Picken Stephen J. , Garcia Santiago J.
Published: January 2025

Micropatterned surfaces with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are relevant for a wide range of applications from fuel cells to water harvesting systems. The preferential nucleation of water on hydrophilic regions can also be used to control frost nucleation on chemically patterned surfaces. So far, this concept has been tested on brittle silicon surfaces with only a few different sizes and shapes of hydrophilic regions. In this work, the concept of controlled icing is investigated on five polymeric surfaces with different surface energies modified by micropatterning them with three types of hydrophilic polymer brushes. Frost formation and propagation on the resulting patterned surfaces with regions of varying wettability is monitored and quantified using high‐resolution thermal imaging. The study proves that control over frost nucleation and propagation using regions of varying wettability can be achieved on commodity polymers. In addition to influencing the time and location of ice nucleation, the local patterning affects the freezing propagation mode and rate due to its impact on the continuity and thickness of molecular water layers (MWL). These results show that local control over the state of MWLs is key to controlling both ice nucleation and propagation of freezing events on surfaces.
Temperature‐Dependent Properties of Atomic Layer Deposition‐Grown TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Chowdhary Nimarta Kaur , Gougousi Theodosia
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the presence of titanium oxynitride bonds in titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using tetrakis dimethyl amino titanium (TDMAT) and water at temperatures between 150 and 350 °C and its effect on the films’ optical and electrical properties. Compositional analysis using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals increased incorporation of oxynitride bonds as the process temperature increases. Furthermore, depth profile data demonstrates an increase in the abundance of this type of bonding from the surface to the bulk of the films. Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis) measurements correlate increased visible light absorption for the films with elevated oxynitride incorporation. The optical constants (n, k) of the films show a pronounced dependence on the process temperature that is mirrored in the film conductivity. The detection of oxynitride bonding suggests a secondary reaction pathway in this well‐established ALD process chemistry, that may impact film properties. These findings indicate that the choice of process chemistry and conditions can be used to optimize film properties for optoelectronic applications.
Heterostructured Lanthanide Perovskite Nanoparticles with High Quantum Yield and Water Stability for Optical Information Storage
Authors: Li Jiwei , Sun Renrui , Chen Jiabo , Su Qichen , Xie Yao , Sun Guotao , Zhang Hui , Sun Lining
Published: January 2025

In this study, heterostructured nanoparticles based on lanthanide double perovskite halide are innovatively proposed, which dramatically improved quantum yield and color purity, but the problem of water stability of perovskite materials has also been solved. The nanoparticles without surface ligands have excellent stability and optical properties when dispersed in water, and have higher color purity than those dispersed in organic solvents. Besides, the application potential is demonstrated and the practical performance is verified by preparing luminescent ink. This study provides a new strategy for the performance enhancement and application prospect of lanthanide double perovskite.
Multifunctionalization of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes by a Single Metal‐free Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Feng‐Xing , Liu Yu , Zhang Ke , Wang Cheng , Yu Ji‐Xin , He Xiao‐Jun , Liang Ge , Hou Hong‐Yu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: January 2025

Selective access to densely functionalized boranes, with identical or distinct functional groups at the boron center, has great potentials in materials science, organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, assembling multifunctional boranes was heavily dependent on hydrogen‐atom‐transfer (HAT) at high temperatures, hazardous radical initiators, metal photocatalysts and HAT reagents, respectively. Simultaneously, competitive side reactions such as polymerizations and regioisomers formation remain highly challenging. Herein, a programmable multifunctionalization of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes is developed for the first time powered by a single, metal‐free photocatalyst, in which boryl radicals from sequential substituted boranes are generated instead of polymerizations. This robust and versatile catalytic system leads to an extremely broad variety of boranes incorporated with diverse alkyl or alkenyl groups in high chemo‐ and regioselectivities.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminoquinazolines through I2‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 2‐Aminoaryl Ketone Oximes and Isocyanides
Authors: Lin Huishu , Huang Rongxiuyuan , Wang Xu , Fu Jinping , Liu Yuyuan , Yi Yi , Pan Yingming
Published: January 2025

An I2/cumene hydroperoxide (CHP)‐mediated tandem cyclization of 2‐aminoaryl ketone oximes with isocyanides has been developed. Various 2‐aminoquinazolines were obtained in 49–96% yields under transition‐metal‐free conditions, and the resulting 4‐phenylquinazolin‐2‐amines show typical fluorescent emission properties. The key to the success of this strategy involves the formation of iminyl radical via the N−O bond cleavage of hydroxy oxime.
Unraveling Spatial Heterogeneity in Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data with GraphMSI
Authors: Guo Lei , Xie Peisi , Shen Xionghui , Lam Thomas Ka Yam , Deng Lingli , Xie Chengyi , Xu Xiangnan , Wong Chris Kong Chu , Xu Jingjing , Fang Jiacheng , Wang Xiaoxiao , Xiong Zhuang , Luo Shangyi , Wang Jianing , Dong Jiyang , Cai Zongwei
Published: January 2025

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides valuable insights into metabolic heterogeneity by capturing in situ molecular profiles within organisms. One challenge of MSI heterogeneity analysis is performing an objective segmentation to differentiate the biological tissue into distinct regions with unique characteristics. However, current methods struggle due to the insufficient incorporation of biological context and high computational demand. To address these challenges, a novel deep learning‐based approach is proposed, GraphMSI, which integrates metabolic profiles with spatial information to enhance MSI data analysis. Our comparative results demonstrate GraphMSI outperforms commonly used segmentation methods in both visual inspection and quantitative evaluation. Moreover, GraphMSI can incorporate partial or coarse biological contexts to improve segmentation results and enable more effective three‐dimensional MSI segmentation with reduced computational requirements. These are facilitated by two optional enhanced modes: scribble‐interactive and knowledge‐transfer. Numerous results demonstrate the robustness of these two modes, ensuring that GraphMSI consistently retains its capability to identify biologically relevant sub‐regions in complex practical applications. It is anticipated that GraphMSI will become a powerful tool for spatial heterogeneity analysis in MSI data.
Freestanding Membranes of Titania Nanorods, Photocatalytically Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Silk Fibroin: Tunable Properties and Electrostatic Actuation
Authors: Dobschall Finn , Hartmann Hauke , Bittinger Sophia Caroline , Schulz Norbert , Schlicke Hendrik , Trieu Hoc Khiem , Vossmeyer Tobias
Published: January 2025

In this study, the mechanical properties of freestanding membranes made of graphene oxide (GO), titania nanorods (TNRs), and silk fibroin (SF) are investigated and their application is demonstrated as electrostatically driven actuators. Using a stamping process, the membranes are transferred onto substrates with circular apertures or square cavities measuring ∼80 to 245 µm in diameter or edge length, respectively. Afterwards, the membranes are exposed to deep‐UV (DUV) radiation in order to photocatalytically convert GO to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Microbulge tests combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal enhanced mechanical stability after the DUV treatment, as indicated by an increase of Young's modulus from ∼22 to ∼35 GPa. The toughness of the DUV‐treated membranes is up to ∼1.25 MJ m−3, while their ultimate biaxial tensile stress and strain are in the range of ∼377 MPa and ∼0.68%, respectively. Further, by applying voltages of up to ±40 V the membranes are electrostatically actuated and deflected by up to ∼1.7 µm, as determined via in situ AFM measurements. A simple electrostatic model is presented that describes the deflection of the membrane as a function of the applied voltage very well.
Multimodal Operando Analysis of Lithium Sulfur Multilayer Pouch Cells: An In‐Depth Investigation on Cell Component Design and Performance
Authors: Müller Rafael , Boenke Tom , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Härtel Paul , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan , Kardjilov Nikolay , Markötter Henning , Sintschuk Michael , Hilger André , Manke Ingo , Risse Sebastian
Published: January 2025

This study presents an innovative operando analysis of lithium‐sulfur (Li/S) multilayer pouch cells, employing a combination of lab‐source and synchrotron x‐ray imaging to investigate sulfur crystallite dissolution and lithium dendrite formation. By integrating advanced X‐ray imaging, impedance spectroscopy, and simultaneous monitoring of temperature and pressure, the research uncovers critical insights into the behavior of active and inactive cell components. The analysis reveals significant degradation increments, primarily driven by side product accumulation and the deterioration of lithium microstructures, which contribute to performance loss over cycling. Additionally, temperature distribution analysis shows a strong correlation between joule heating, polarization resistance, and the observed endothermic processes during crystallization. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic processes within industrially relevant pouch cells, highlighting opportunities for optimizing Li/S cell designs and advancing high‐energy‐density battery systems for commercial applications.
In Situ Monitoring of Dynamic Adsorption‐Induced Interfacial Buffering Toward Highly Stable Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Duan An , Luo Sha , Tang Yuyang , Feng Yu , Li Ming , Zhang Bao , Sun Wei
Published: January 2025

Electrolyte regulation and electrode/electrolyte interface optimization are recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating parasitic reactions and enhancing zinc plating/stripping in zinc metal batteries. Despite their established importance, the underlying mechanisms of interface behavior and optimization remain elusive, especially in the absence of robust experimental characterization of adsorption‐dominated approaches. Herein, in situ monitoring of interfacial adsorption effect is presented, employing a theoretically screened cyclen‐based additive. The dynamic adsorption behavior in response to alternating electric fields is identified as pivotal in regulating the metal‐electrolyte interfaces, as evidenced by a combination of in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eQCM) measurements and constant‐potential molecular dynamics simulation. Such dynamic adsorption provides a robust pH buffering effect at the zinc‐metal anode interface, facilitating orderly and uniform zinc plating/stripping. Consequently, the electrochemical performance of zinc‐based half cells and full cells is markedly enhanced. The findings offer comprehensive insights into the strategic development of functional electrolyte additives for aqueous zinc metal batteries.
Elevated Practical Volumetric Density and Cyclic Durability of Selenium Cathodes by Powder Microspheroidization and Kilogram‐Scale Atomic Layer Deposition Techniques
Authors: Li Yi , Zhu Jianhui , Qi Yuruo , Xu Maowen , Jiang Jian
Published: January 2025

Practical usage of high‐energy chalcogen cathodes, typically like selenium (Se), is plagued by compromised volumetric energy density and cyclic lifespan in pouch cells, due to the low cathode compactness and continuous Li2Sen shutting issues. Inspired by classic close‐packing theories and self‐limiting configurations, we propose to construct high‐tap‐density microsphere cathodes made of Se nano yolks and N‐rich carbon (NC)‐TiO2 shells via a kilogram‐scale atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The utilized particle microspheroidization strategy makes powders approach the Max. theoretical volume fraction of 0.64, achieving intrinsically high tap density (2.06 g cm−3) and large areal Se loading ratio beyond 8.4 mg cm−2 after slurry coating. A molecular‐engineered oxidative polypyrrole (O‐PPy) layer covered on Se surfaces plays an indispensable role in guaranteeing smooth ALD implementation. The formed robust NC‐TiO2 microreactors solidly confining Se actives in spatial regions help to expedite Li2Sen phase conversions, rendering cathodes with a remarkable capacity of 502 mAh g−1 (0.5C) and far lessened capacity decay in all cycling. Their assembled pouch cells are ∼20% thinner than those of random‐shaped counterparts, showing an exceptionally high Ev value over 1158.3 Wh L−1. This work may propel the advent of Li‐chalcogen cells with unprecedented volumetric energy densities for near‐future applications.
Intercropping alfalfa during almond orchard establishment reduces winter soil nitrogen and water losses, provides on‐farm revenue
Authors: Thao Touyee , Begna Sultan , Hale Lauren , Bali Khaled M. , Wang Dong , Gao Suduan
Published: January 2025

The ecosystem benefits linked to intercropping and diversified agroecosystems is an area with increasing research interest, particularly in sustainable food production and farm resilience to extreme climate variability. Interrow cropping of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] orchards during the 3–4 non‐bearing, establishment years has potential to advance sustainable intensification in agricultural regions such as the Central Valley of California. In this study we evaluated ecosystem benefits linked to this intercropped agroecosystem in contrast to conventional almond systems with interrow spaces maintained bare. From Winter 2023 to Spring 2024 (157 days), we modeled soil hydrological properties (HYDRUS‐1D) and quantified soil nitrogen using various approaches. Simulation from HYDRUS revealed that winter soil evaporative loss was most substantial for a flood‐irrigated bare‐soil control (208.1 mm) and lowest for the alfalfa intercropped interrow (59.2 mm). Estimated soil water storage was lowest in the alfalfa intercropped interrow and highest for bare‐soil controls, indicating continuous plant water uptake throughout the winter period when almond trees are dormant. Winter soil N loss measured using suction lysimeters, ion exchange soil resins traps, and soil sampling (0–120 cm) indicated that N leaching was greatest in the bare‐soil interrow spaces and lowest for alfalfa intercropped treatment. The utilization of free winter inputs, such as rainwater and slow‐release mineralized N from dairy manure compost, translated to a 2.22 tonne ha−1 alfalfa yield and equated to a $500 ha−1 gross revenue for the first alfalfa cutting. Overall, the preliminary ecosystem benefits observed in this unique alfalfa–almond intercropped agroecosystem were attributed to augmentation in farm resource use efficiency and revenues generated during the winter season.
Budesonide, Added to PTCy‐Based Regimen, for Prevention of Acute GI GVHD After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kongtim Piyanuch , Chumnumsiriwath Piyatida , Vittayawacharin Pongthep , Jeyakumar Deepa , Lee Benjamin J. , Doh Jean , Griffin Shawn P. , Van Etten Richard A. , Ciurea Stefan
Published: January 2025

Oral budesonide exerts local effects with negligible systemic glucocorticoid activity, due to rapid first‐pass metabolism, therefore, could potentially be efficacious in preventing gastrointestinal (GI) acute GVHD (aGVHD). We explored the use of budesonide, added to posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil, for prevention of GI aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in a prospective observational study and treated 80 patients with a median age of 53 years (range 19–74). Results were compared with a publicly available CIBMTR dataset of 646 patients who received PTCy‐based GVHD prophylaxis (CIBMTR Study # GV17‐02) (control). Cumulative incidence (CI) of 3‐month grade 2–4 and grade 3–4 aGVHD in the budesonide and control groups were 3.8% vs. 34.4% (p < 0.001) and 1.3% vs. 9.8% (p = 0.029), respectively. One‐year GRFS (70.5% vs. 31.5%, p < 0.001), PFS (73.4% vs. 52.8%, p = 0.003), and OS (80.1% vs. 64.2%, p = 0.038) were significantly higher in the budesonide group compared with control group. Propensity score‐adjusted analyses showed that the addition of budesonide significantly decreased risk of aGVHD grade 2–4 (HR 0.29, p < 0.001), grade 3–4 (HR 0.12, p = 0.045), and cGVHD (HR 0.22, p < 0.001), which resulted in better GRFS (HR 0.38, p < 0.001), PFS (HR 0.58, p = 0.012), and OS (HR 0.72, p = 0.044). Similar results were found when using propensity score‐matched analysis restricted to recipients of haploidentical transplantation. In conclusion, addition of budesonide to PTCy‐based GVHD prophylaxis is safe and effective in preventing severe acute GI GVHD with significantly improved GRFS. These results could facilitate transition to peripheral blood grafts for all allogeneic transplant recipients.
Synthesis of 2H‐1,4‐Oxazin‐3(4H)‐One Utilizing Umpolung Reaction to α‐Hydrazonoketone
Authors: Mizota Isao , Oshima Keiji , Hoshiai Nozomi , Yamamoto Ayaki , Mitani Masaki , Batool Rabbia , Liu Bo‐Tau , Shimizu Makoto
Published: January 2025

2H‐1,4‐Oxazin‐3(4H)‐One Derivatives Are Known to Exhibit a Wide Range of Biological Activities Such as Antifungal, Anticancer, as Receptor Antagonists and Potassium Channel Modulators. In This Report, We Describe That α‐Hydrazonoketone Is an Appropriate Substrate for the Umpolung Reaction and a Promising Candidate for the Synthesis of 2H‐1,4‐Oxazine‐3(4H)‐Ones. Notably, Umpolung N‐Methylation for α‐Hydrazonoketone Proceeded Quantitatively in a Mild and Extremely Short Reaction Time, Which Has Been Difficult to Achieve in the Conventional Reactions. Moreover, We Also Developed Tandem Umpolung Reaction/Reduction/N‐Acyl‐O‐Alkylation to Afford 2H‐1,4‐Oxazin‐3(4H)‐Ones in High Yield in the Presence of Chloroacetyl Chloride.
Machine learning of endoscopy images to identify, classify, and segment sinonasal masses
Authors: Levi Lirit , Ye Kenan , Fieux Maxime , Renteria Axel , Lin Steven , Xing Lei , Ayoub Noel F. , Patel Zara M. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. , Chang Michael T.
Published: January 2025

Background

We developed and assessed the performance of a machine learning model (MLM) to identify, classify, and segment sinonasal masses based on endoscopic appearance.

Methods

A convolutional neural network‐based model was constructed from nasal endoscopy images from patients evaluated at an otolaryngology center between 2013 and 2024. Images were classified into four groups: normal endoscopy, nasal polyps, benign, and malignant tumors. Polyps and tumors were confirmed with histopathological diagnosis. Images were annotated by an otolaryngologist and independently verified by two other otolaryngologists. We used high‐ and low‐quality images to mirror real‐world conditions. The models used for classification (EfficientNet‐B2) and segmentation (nnUNet) were trained, validated, and tested at an 8:1:1 ratio. The performance accuracy was averaged across a 10‐fold cross‐validation assessment. Segmentation accuracy was assessed via Dice similarity coefficients.

Results

A total of 1242 images from 311 patients were used. The MLM was trained, validated, and tested on 663 normal, 276 polyps, 157 benign, and 146 malignant tumors images. Overall, the model performed at 84.1 ± 4.3% accuracy in the validation set and 80.4 ± 1.7% in the test set. The model correctly identified the presence of a sinonasal mass at 90.5 ± 1.2% accuracy rate. The MLM accuracy performance rates were 86.2 ± 1.0% for polyps and 84.1 ± 1.8% for tumors. Benign and malignant tumor subclassification achieved 87.8 ± 2.1% and 94.0 ± 2.4% accuracy, respectively. Segmentation accuracies for polyps were 72.3% and 72.8% for tumors.

Conclusions

An MLM for nasal endoscopy images can perform with moderate to high accuracy in identifying, classifying, and segmenting sinonasal masses. Performance in future iterations may improve with larger and more diverse training datasets.
In Situ Growth of Metal‐Organic Layer on Polyoxometalate‐etching Cu2O to Boost CO2 Reduction with High Stability
Authors: Wang Yu‐Jie , Cheng Xin , Ma Na‐Na , Cheng Wei‐Yi , Zhang Peng , Luo Fang , Shi Wen‐Xiong , Yao Shuang , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming
Published: January 2025

Low‐cost Cu2O with a suitable band gap holds great potential for solar utilization. However severe photocorrosion and weak CO2 capture capability have significantly hindered their application in artificial photosynthesis. Herein, polyoxometalate (POM)‐etching and in situ growth of metal–organic framework (MOF) can simultaneously incorporate electron‐sponge and HKUST protective layer into Cu2O. The resulting ternary composites Cu2O@POM@HKUST‐n (POM=PMo12O40 and PW12O40) with dual hetero‐interfaces can efficiently convert CO2 to HCOOH with 5226 μmol g−1 yield, over 5 and 55 times higher than that of Cu2O (1010 μmol g−1) and Cu2O@HKUST (95.02 μmol g−1). In situ XPS and DFT studies reveal that Cu mainly existed in the form of Cu2O and Cu‐MOF, while a unique Cux+ (1<x≤2) surface layer formed upon the Cu2O matrix surrounding POMs for CO2 absorption and activation. Systematic investigations demonstrate that the electron‐sponge can efficiently capture electrons from excited Cu2O to promote the generation of a Cux+ surface layer, while the closely surface‐coating metal‐organic layer can act as protective layer and CO2 adsorbent. This dual function concurrently contributes to promote photocatalysis and prevent Cu2O degradation. Remarkably, the composites exhibit much enhanced photochemical stability and can be used for over 60 h without noticeable activity loss.
Orderly Arranged Cubic Quantum Dots along Supramolecular Templates of Naphthalenediimide Aggregates
Authors: Manoj Lena Amrutha , Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Murakami Hideyuki , Kubo Naoki , Masuo Sadahiro , Matsuo Kyohei , Hayashi Hironobu , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko
Published: January 2025

Precise control of assembled structures of quantum dots (QDs) is crucial for realizing the desired photophysical properties, but this remains challenging. Especially, the one‐dimensional (1D) control is rare due to the nearly isotropic nature of QDs. Herein, we propose a novel strategy for controlling the 1D‐arrangement range of cubic perovskite QDs in solution based on the morphological modification of a supramolecular polymer (SP) template. The original template with a short and tangled fibrous structure is prepared in a low‐polarity solvent mixture via self‐assembly of a naphthalenediimide‐functionalized cholesterol derivative with an adhesion group for QDs. Mixing this template with QDs leads to the co‐aggregation into short‐range 1D‐arrays of QDs on the templates. Notably, subsequent heating and cooling of the co‐aggregate solution forms longer‐range 1D‐arrays of QDs with lateral growth, where arranged QDs are sandwiched between reconstructed SP templates. Furthermore, the longer‐range 1D‐array of QDs is achieved via an alternative route involving the pre‐organization of templates into longer and dispersed fibers by heating and cooling of the original template, succeeded by co‐assembly with QDs. Finally, we reveal continuous fluorescence resonance energy transfer between 1D‐arranged QDs by an in‐depth analysis of the photoluminescence decay curves.
Design, Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Primaquine and Diaminoquinazoline Hybrid Molecules Against the Malaria Parasite
Authors: Kore Mukul , Rao Anjani G. , Acharya Dimple , Kirwale Shrikant S. , Bhanot Amritansh , Govekar Abhishek , Mohanty Ajeet Kumar , Roy Aniruddha , Vembar Shruthi S. , Sundriyal Sandeep
Published: January 2025

In this study, we built on the known inhibitory potential of diaminoquinazolines (DAQs) against different stages of Plasmodium development and designed a convenient two‐step synthesis to combine DAQ with primaquine (PQ) pharmacophore. The PQ‐DAQ hybrids displayed potent in vitro activities in the low nanomolar range (IC50 135.20–398.80 nM) against all intra‐erythrocytic stages of the drug‐sensitive 3D7 strain, with significant potency enhancement compared to PQ alone (IC50 9370 nM). These hybrids were also potent at killing drug‐resistant strains (Dd2, Dd2 R539T, IPC4912, CamWT C580Y, and 7G8) in the nanomolar range, with 11 f being the most effective compound (IC50 172.20–396.60 nM). Notably, for the first time, we present evidence that the DAQ‐based compound 8 and its hybrids can inhibit β‐hematin formation in vitro with potency (IC50 0.90–27.80 μM), suggesting hemozoin formation to be one of the potential targets of this series. Lastly, two hybrids with potent antiplasmodial activity were also found to be safe up to 10 μM against human HepG2 cells, suggesting the possibility of achieving host vs parasite selectivity with this series.
Revisiting Variable Stars Near Globular Clusters South of −29° Declination
Authors: Layden Andrew C. , Evangelista Julia , Gupta Sakshi , Mittameda Mithilesh , Mulloy Eva , Muslim Sohan I. , Olushola‐Alao Tiyinoluwa , Rishi Akul
Published: January 2025

We review an often‐cited but seldom‐accessed catalogue by Fourcade and Laborde (1966) of 785 variable stars near 47 southern Galactic globular clusters, and recover the locations of 85 stars that were not incorporated into subsequent variable star catalogues and hence have become “lost” to the literature. We match the positions of these stars with those of modern variable star databases (Gaia, ASAS‐SN, and VSX) and find 96% appear in at least one of these catalogues. We used proper motions and radial velocities from the Gaia Third Data Release to assess cluster membership, finding that most are field stars, but up to five may be members of NGC 5927 and one of NGC 6624.
The Effect of Fatalistic Tendency in Individuals on Attitudes Toward Epilepsy Patients
Authors: Adadioğlu Öznur , Seven Ahmet , Yıldız Metin
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study was conducted to determine the effect of fatalistic tendency on attitudes toward epilepsy patients.

Methods

The study was conducted between August 17 and October 1, 2022 in a family health center in Sakarya province in western Türkiye. The sample consisted of 479 adults. Data were collected in descriptive information forms, the fatalism tendency scale and the epilepsy attitude scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, AMOS V 24.0, and G*Power 3.1 statistical package programs.

Results

Results showed that the model built according to the hypotheses was compatible, and the model fit indices χ2/Sd = 1.857, RMSEA = 0.04, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.97, and IFI = 0.98 were within the desired limits. Structural equation modeling to determine the effect of fatalistic tendency on attitudes toward epilepsy revealed that fatalistic tendency affected the attitudes toward epilepsy patients (β = 0.87, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In our study, as the fatalistic tendency of individuals increased, their negative attitudes toward epilepsy patients increased. Longitudinal studies on attitudes toward epilepsy patients are recommended.
Distinctive Delta and Theta Responses in Deductive and Probabilistic Reasoning
Authors: Sevim Emir Faruk , Yildirim Yasin , Ünsal Esra , Dalmizrak Esra , Güntekin Bahar
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The neural substrates of reasoning, a cognitive ability we use constantly in daily life, are still unclear. Reasoning can be divided into two types according to how the inference process works and the certainty of the conclusions. In deductive reasoning, certain conclusions are drawn from premises by applying the rules of logic. On the other hand, in probabilistic reasoning, possible conclusions are drawn by interpreting the semantic content of arguments.

Methods

We examined event‐related oscillations associated with deductive and probabilistic reasoning. To better represent the natural use of reasoning, we adopted a design that required participants to choose what type of reasoning they would use. Twenty healthy participants judged the truth values of alternative conclusion propositions following two premises while the EEG was being recorded. We then analyzed event‐related delta and theta power and phase‐locking induced under two different conditions.

Results

We found that the reaction time was shorter and the accuracy rate was higher in deductive reasoning than in probabilistic reasoning. High delta and theta power in the temporoparietal, parietal, and occipital regions of the brain were observed in deductive reasoning. As for the probabilistic reasoning, prolonged delta response in the right hemisphere and high frontal theta phase‐locking were noted.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the electrophysiological signatures of the two types of reasoning have distinct characteristics. There are significant differences in the delta and theta responses that are associated with deductive and probabilistic reasoning. Although our findings suggest that deductive and probabilistic reasoning have different neural substrates, consistent with most of the studies in the literature, there is not yet enough evidence to make a comprehensive claim on the subject. There is a need to diversify the growing literature on deductive and probabilistic reasoning with different methods and experimental paradigms.
A Nationwide Exploration of Social Inequalities in Cancer Mortality Amidst the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Belgium
Authors: Khan Yasmine , Van den Borre Laura , Smedt Delphine De , Verhaeghe Nick , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Deboosere Patrick , Vanthomme Katrien , Gadeyne Sylvie
Published: January 2025

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted global health systems, impacting cancer care and potentially increasing cancer mortality, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. We aimed to assess changes in cancer mortality from March 1 to December 31, 2020 relative to the same period in 2019, and to examine potential shifts in cancer mortality's social disparities during the same time frame.

Methods

We used nationwide individually linked cancer mortality data from the Belgian National Register, the Census 2011, and the tax register. Analyses were stratified by age group (45–59 years, 60–74 years, 75+ years) and sex across all cancer types, including breast, colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and prostate. Direct age‐standardized mortality rates were calculated in 2019 and 2020 to calculate absolute and relative changes in cancer mortality by social indicators. Relative inequalities in cancer mortality by social groups were calculated for both time frames using Poisson regression. Sensitivity analysis considered any mention of specified cancer groups on the Belgian death certificate.

Results

For both overall and site‐specific cancers, our study found decreases in cancer mortality during the pandemic's early stages, particularly among individuals aged 75 and older. These changes did not significantly alter established socioeconomic patterns in cancer mortality.

Conclusions

Reductions in reported cancer deaths in 2020 may reflect COVID‐19 prioritization in cause‐of‐death coding and its role as a competing risk, rather than true declines. Persistent educational disparities emphasize the need for continued policy and healthcare collaboration, with future research focused on the pandemic's long‐term effects on cancer mortality and social inequalities.
Managing Jewish Identity in Arguments Over Jewish Support for Palestine
Authors: Goodman Simon
Published: January 2025

The Israel/Palestine conflict has led to intragroup conflict amongst diaspora Jews that do and do not support Israel's actions. This paper addresses that conflict, which is shown to not just be one of differing opinions but of exactly what it means to be Jewish; it is therefore a social psychological study of contested and conflicting identities. Context to intra‐Jewish conflict and the concept of the ‘self‐hating Jew’ is discussed alongside the discursive approach to identity. The research question is: How is British Jewish identity managed and policed in a debate about Jewish support for Palestine? A critical discursive analysis is conducted on a Facebook discussion initiated by the British Jewish pro‐Palestinian organisation ‘Na'amod’, which contains over 300 interactions. The analysis shows that there is both support and criticism of Na'amod, with a major feature being the construction, by Jews, of what it means to be a Jew, including (1) supporting Israel and (2) attending a controversial march against antisemitism; together these actions constitute appropriate ‘Jewish ethics’ so that not doing these places a Jew as deficient because of self‐hate and/or stupidity. The analysis therefore shows how Jewish identity is constructed in such a way as to police Jewish people's behaviour and ensure support for Israel.
Anti‐Inflammatory Withanolides From Physalis angulata Var. villosa Bonati
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Hong‐Zhi , Wang Peng , Yu Yan , Liu Juan , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Yuan Chun‐Mao , Jin Jun , Yi Ping
Published: January 2025

Two new withanolide derivatives (1 and 2) and 12 known withanolide analogs (3–14) were identified from the aerial part of Physalis angulata var. villosa Bonati. Their structures were determined by various spectral data, quantum chemical calculations, and sugar derivatization methods. Three compounds (2, 3, and 14) demonstrated good nitric oxide inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 4.93 ± 0.22–8.58 ± 0.83 µM. The present study suggests that withanolide derivatives have potential anti‐inflammatory activity and could be used to treat inflammation‐related diseases. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic implications of the isolates are further investigated.
Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus‐Coated Balloon Angioplasty in De Novo Lesions in Large Coronary Vessels: A Propensity Score‐Matched Study
Authors: Gobbi Cecilia , Giangiacomi Francesco , Pasero Guido , Faggiano Andrea , Barbieri Lucia , Tumminello Gabriele , Colombo Federico , Ruscica Massimiliano , Ardizzone Valentina , Genta Edoardo , Mircoli Luca , Galli Stefano , Carugo Stefano
Published: January 2025

Background

Evidence regarding drug‐coated balloon (DCB)‐only angioplasty in de novo lesions of large vessels is still limited and mainly focused on paclitaxel‐coated balloon. We aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of sirolimus‐coated balloon (SCB)‐only angioplasty in de novo lesions in large vessels compared to drug‐eluting stent (DES).

Methods

In this retrospective, dual‐center, case‐control study, we enrolled all consecutive patients treated between January 2022 and January 2024 with SCB‐only angioplasty in de novo lesion in large vessel (> 2.75 mm) compared to a propensity‐score matched contemporary population treated with DES. The primary endpoint was the rate of target lesion revascularization (TLR), while secondary endpoints were cardiac death (CD), target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion failure (TLF), defined as a composite of them.

Results

The mean age was 70.1 ± 9.8 years in the SCB group (n = 92) and 67.9 ± 9.6 years in the DES group (n = 92) (p = 0.76). The median follow‐up was 19.5 ± 12 months in the SCB group and 20.1 ± 13.1 months in the DES group (p = 0.47). TLR occurred in 6.7% of patients in the SCB group and 5.6% in the DES group (p = 0.75). The incidence of MI, TVR, and TLF were similar between the two groups (4.3% vs 3.3%, p = 0.7, 2.2% vs 3.4%, p = 0.65% and 9.8% vs 8.7%, p = 0.79). CD occurred in 4.3% in the SCB group, compared to 3.3% in the DES group (p = 0.70).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that SCB angioplasty is both safe and effective in the treatment of de novo lesions of large vessels compared with DES.
Contemporary Use of Post‐Dilatation for Stent Optimization During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Results From the Netherlands Heart Registration
Authors: van Beek K. A. J. , Timmermans M. J. C. , Derks L. , Cheng J. M. , Kraaijeveld A. O. , Arkenbout E. K. , Schotborgh C. E. , Brouwer J. , Claessen B. E. , Lipsic E. , Polad J. , van Nunen L. X. , Sjauw K. , van Veghel D. , Tonino P. A. , Teeuwen K. ,   ‘on behalf of the PCI registration committee of The Netherlands Heart Registration’
Published: January 2025

Backgrounds

Post‐dilatation after stenting with a non‐compliant (NC) balloon can be used to improve overall percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) result. Due to lack of evidence on the effect of post‐dilatation on adverse clinical endpoints there is no consensus whether post‐dilatation should be used routinely. The aim of the current study was to determine the contemporary practice of post‐dilatation.

Methods

This study included patients from the Netherlands Heart Registration who underwent PCI between the 4th quarter of 2020 and the 3rd quarter of 2021. The primary endpoint was the rate of post‐dilatation with a NC balloon. Secondary endpoints included differences in baseline and procedural characteristics of patients that received post‐dilatation and patients that did not receive post‐dilatation.

Results

Out of 12,960 patients from 11 hospitals, 49.9% underwent post‐dilatation. There was a variety in post‐dilatation between hospitals ranging from 29.3% to 82.7% and among operators ranging from 15.9% to 90.5%. Post‐dilatation was used less frequent in patients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction or out of hospital cardiac arrest. Multivessel and left main PCI, long stent length and use of intracoronary imaging and calcium modification were associated with increased use of post‐dilatation. When imaging was used, the percentage of post‐dilatation was 79.4%.

Conclusions

In the Netherlands, stent optimization with post‐dilatation using NC balloon is performed in only half of the patients undergoing PCI, with variations in frequency across centres and operators. Post‐dilatation is more often used in cases of complex PCI and when intracoronary imaging or calcium modification techniques are used.
Novel Copy Number Deletion Involving NUS1 Associated With Epilepsy, Tremor, and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Hsu Jing Y. , Ibrahim Daniah H. , Ali Riza , Marchi Elaine , Gavin Maureen , Amble Karen , Lyon Gholson J.
Published: January 2025

Copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to various disorders including intellectual disability, developmental disorders, and cancer. This study identifies a de novo 2.62 Mb deletion at 6q22.1_q22.31, implicating the NUS1 gene in epilepsy, spinal abnormalities, and intellectual disability, thereby expanding its known phenotypic associations.
EML4‐ALK‐Positive Ovarian Cancer With Intracranial Metastasis Responds to Lorlatinib: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Qiongqian , Cai Tongze , Zheng Xiaoming , Zhang Shunrong , Li Chanjuan , Tang Huang , Yu Zhiyong , Zhou Jianlong
Published: January 2025

We report a case showing that lorlatinib is effective in treating EML4‐ALK‐positive low‐grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSO) with intracranial metastasis. This may be the first clinical evidence of LGSO benefit from ALK inhibitors, to provide evidence for the use of ALK inhibitors in more ovarian cancer patients with EML4‐ALK fusion and promoting new ideas for the study of EML4‐ALK targets in ovarian cancer.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Management of Pott's Puffy Tumor in a Pregnant Woman: A Clinical Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Tabari Azin , Saffar Hana , Salahshour Faeze , Shafiee Nahid , Izadpanah Azam Sadat , Piri Seyed Mohammad
Published: January 2025

PPT is a life‐threatening intracranial complication, which is essential to be considered in both children and adults presenting with sinusitis symptoms.
Eyelid Spindle Cell Lipoma: Case Report and Review of Three Patients in Literature
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Yamada Kiyoshi , Monobe Yasumasa , Tanaka Takehiro
Published: January 2025

A 39‐year‐old woman presented a saucer‐shaped mass in the left upper eyelid and underwent the extirpation at local anesthesia. Pathologically, collagen fibers, capillaries, small vessels, and CD34‐positive spindle cells were dispersed among mature adipose tissues, indicative of spindle cell lipoma. Long‐lasting cyst‐like eyelid masses would be usually dermoid cysts, and spindle cell lipoma would be listed as a rare pathological diagnosis in differential diagnoses of cyst‐like lesions in the upper and lower eyelid.
Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution with Prussain Blue Coated ZnO Origami Core‐Shell Nanostructures
Authors: Phul Ruby , Jia Guobin , Skercileroglu Emir Utku , De Ratnadip , Carstensen Yves , Dellith Andrea , Dellith Jan , Plentz Jonathan , Karadas Ferdi , Dietzek-Ivansic Benjamin
Published: January 2025

The design and development of particulate photocatalysts has been an attractive strategy to incorporate earth‐abundant metal ions to water splitting devices. Herein, we synthesized CoFe‐Prussian blue (PB) coated ZnO origami core‐shell nanostructures (PB@ZnO) with different mass ratio of PB components and investigated their photocatalytic water oxidation activities in the presence of an electron scavenger. Photocatalytic experiments reveal that the integration of PB on ZnO boosts the oxygen evolution rate by a factor of ~2.4 compared to bare ZnO origami. We ascribe this increased photocatalytic rate to an improved charge carrier separation and transfer due to the formation of heterojunction at the interface between PB and ZnO. Long‐term photocatalytic experiments indicate that the activity and stability of the catalyst was preserved up to 9 h. Our results indicate that the core‐shell PB@ZnO particles possess a proper band energy alignment for the photocatalytic water oxidation process.
Exploring Economic Conflict Through the Gravitational Field Model of Trade: Markets, Wars, and Instability
Authors: Capoani Luigi , Tudorache Alexandru , Barlese Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Building on Walter Isard's location and gravity theories in economics, we extend his trade model to better understand its core principles, including commercial attraction, center of gravity in markets, and favorable location for exporting firms. This extended model highlights the importance of trade agreements, free trade zones, and markets for national development. Additionally, we incorporate concepts of peace and conflicts in economics, applying these to trade and integrating them with the idea of gravitational fields in economics. Regarding this, we develop an analysis based on NUTS2. Our refined theory of conflict for markets suggests that competing states can develop either military or political strategies to counteract the positive effects of their adversaries' markets and international trade.
Substitution Pattern of the Secondary Rim of ICyD Ligand Influences Stereoselectivity
Authors: Xu Guangcan , Bistri‐Aslanoff Olivia , Mouriès‐Mansuy Virginie , Fensterbank Louis , Zhang Yongmin , Roland Sylvain , Sollogoub Matthieu
Published: January 2025

The synthesis and evaluation of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐capped cyclodextrins with various protecting groups were carried out. The corresponding gold complexes catalyze the stereoselective cycloisomerization of enynes. Permethylation of the cyclodextrin's hydroxyl groups improves yield and selectivity compared to its benzylated counterpart. Notably, alternating methyl and benzyl groups on the secondary rim of the cyclodextrin further enhances asymmetry, achieving even higher enantioselectivities. To synthesize this compound, we optimized the selective deprotection of all benzyl groups at the 2‐position of the sugar residues in the cyclodextrin.
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Family‐Based Treatment With Additional Home Treatment for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Mayr Lena Maria , Besse‐Flütsch Nicole , Smigielski Lukasz , Walitza Susanne , Pauli Dagmar
Published: January 2025

Objective

Family‐based treatment (FBT) is promising for treating adolescents with anorexia nervosa, but long‐term remission rates are modest. Home treatment (HT) as a supplement to FBT aims to enhance sustainability and effectiveness by supporting recovery within the family. This study compares the cost‐effectiveness of FBT alone versus FBT with additional HT for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Method

This cost‐effectiveness analysis is based on a non‐randomized pilot study, which examined the effectiveness of HT for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, disregarding the financial aspects. HT involved therapeutic interventions delivered in the patient's home environment, while FBT involved structured therapy sessions at the psychiatric clinic. Data from 61 patients were analysed, with 40 receiving FBT + HT and 21 receiving FBT only. Costs included FBT sessions, HT sessions, and inpatient treatment. Effectiveness was measured by weight restoration at thresholds of expected body weight (EBW) > 85% and EBW > 95%.

Results

FBT + HT promoted greater weight restoration within three months compared to FBT alone (70% vs. 52% at EBW > 85%; 38% vs. 29% at EBW > 95%). FBT + HT was more cost‐effective, with lower average costs per patient meeting weight restoration criteria (8243 vs. 20,446 Swiss francs at EBW > 85%; 15,387 vs. 37,485 Swiss francs at EBW > 95%). Inpatient treatment accounted for most of the cost, with FBT + HT reducing hospitalisation needs.

Conclusions

FBT with additional HT is a more cost‐effective treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Although the cost‐effectiveness index was relatively high, effective treatment could reduce the long‐term burdens of this disorder. Larger long‐term studies are needed to validate these findings and assess sustained cost‐effectiveness.
Multi‐Objective Task Scheduling in Cloud IoT Environments Using Differential Evaluation for Big Data Processing
Authors: Pal Souvik , Kumar Raghvendra , Alkhayyat Ahmed Hussein
Published: January 2025

In Cloud IoT environments, efficient task scheduling is critical for optimizing resource utilization, reducing latency, and enhancing overall system performance. However, current methods struggle to balance the diverse demands of such environments. This paper presents the Multi‐Objective Task Scheduling in Cloud IoT Environments (MOTS‐CIoTE) framework, which controls K‐means clustering and the Differential Evolutionary (DE) algorithm to optimize resource allocation and minimize task completion time. Our approach achieves significant improvements across key metrics: The system has a total throughput of 827 (tasks per second), a latency of 14.13 ms, a resource contention of 0.33%, an energy efficiency of 0.48 (Joules per task), and a cost‐effectiveness of 3.58. The results highlight the considerable potential of MOTS‐CIoTE in tackling the intricacies of Cloud IoT environments and augmenting their efficacy, hence facilitating more efficient resource allocation and boosting user satisfaction.