bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El turismo de aventura como impacto socioeconomico en el canton La Mana
Authors: Carrasco Ruano Yolanda Tatiana
Published: January 2020

El Ecuador es reconocido por practicar el turismo de aventura ya que es un pequeño paraíso por su biodiversidad y su riqueza de climas y paisajes. Famoso por sus volcanes atractivos como los Illinizas, el Cotopaxi, Cayambe y Chimborazo, y por sus caminatas entre los picos nevados de los Andes ecuatorianos, el Ecuador cuenta también con una maravillosa cultura llena de historias y leyendas.

De todas las montañas de los Andes ecuatorianos, las mejor conocidas son Cayambe (5.789m), Cotopaxi (5,897m) y Chimborazo (6,310m). Para alcanzar estas grandes alturas una buena aclimatación es indispensable a fin de disfrutar de las ascensiones plenamente. Por esta razón ofrecemos una escuela de glaciar y caminatas por los picos más bajos, y en los días de descanso, paseos a las aguas termales de las tierras altas. En todos estos viajes será acompañado por guías profesionales que se distinguen por su constante atención a la seguridad.

Para aquellos que quieran tener una experiencia en los fascinantes paisajes de los Andes, ofrecemos una selección de excursiones de senderismo a través de las regiones más bellas de nuestro país. Si gusta de la naturaleza virgen y disfrutar de camping, considere nuestros programas de senderismo. Durante nuestras excursiones incluimos experimentados guías, transporte todo-terreno, entradas, alimentación y equipo de campamento.
Las mujeres universitarias embarazadas y el factor que incide en su avance y el rendimiento académico
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín
Published: January 2020

El embarazo adolescente en ecuador es un mayor porcentaje donde el instituto ecuatoriano de estadística y censos muestra en el año 2014 43.3% de mujeres embarazadas tomando en cuenta que son menores de 15 años y el 3% señoritas de 17 años y mamas de 18 a 19 años y según los informes de cada 43% adolescentes de 12 a 19 años son madres. La planificación familiar permite a las parejas tener una mayor oportunidad para la reflexión sobre sus hijos ya que facilitara un mejor desarrollo de la economía ya que la planificación familiar es parte del esfuerzo se supervivencia infantil por existen casos que algunos adolescentes provocan el embarazo de temprana edad o algunos llegan hijos a cada año o hijos no deseados están al propenso de abandono o descuido que puede llegar al aborto. El nuevo estudio de estado anídense afirma promover el acceso gratuito de anticonceptivos y otros medicamentos para combatir el embarazo y acudir con las clases de educación sexual para prestar un mejor conocimiento sobre el sexo aunque los anticonceptivos no son muy seguros   para combatir el embarazo el implante cuenta con más seguridad y prevenir el embarazo adolescente.

El embarazo es un problema de salud como las universidades suelen caerse y cada vez más universitarias de cada región suelen embarazarse sin embargo es una problemática que trae dificultades en el rendimiento académico.   Este estudio es basado en una realidad de las madres y padres solteros de las universidades que merecen seguir el estudio en el ecuador ya que plantea la creación de guarderías universitarias para que las madres puedan graduarse si ningún problema debido al embarazo.
¨El hegemonismo de la administración de Donald Trump: un golpe al multilateralismo¨
Authors: Benítez Pena María Fernanda , Ruiz Ortiz Karla Rosa
Published: January 2020

En el marco de la concepción chovinista y antiglobalizadora “America first”, Donald Trump avanza con la imposición de un modelo de tratados bilaterales donde prevalecen los intereses propios de EEUU. Washington desbarata los acuerdos internacionales y, con ello, el multilateralismo económico tejido pacientemente por las organizaciones intergubernamentales desde el fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En virtud del tamaño de la economía estadounidense y de su fuerte integración en Norteamérica, si es el primer eslabón que se rompe, acabará afectando al resto del sistema internacional, con consecuencias irreversibles para el mismo, tales como la caída de la actividad económica, el aumento de los precios y el empobrecimiento. Por consiguiente, es fundamental mantener un entorno de acuerdos multilaterales entre las principales economías del mundo y así crear un orden internacional estable que disminuya las relaciones de poder, ponga freno a la carrera armamentista y elimine los conflictos internacionales.
Estadísticas de turistas en laguna de Quilotoa
Authors: Carrasco Ruano Yolanda Tatiana
Published: January 2020

Muchos años más antes, el lugar que hoy se encuentra la Laguna, ha sido una planicie de llanura con muchos pastizales y plantas frutales como: caña, mandarina, naranja, maíz entre otros. En medio de tantos árboles frutales, madereros y vegetales, ha existido árbol muy grande con sus ramas formadas como dientes y muy hermosas. He ahí, ha vivido un vaquero cuidando a los ganados, en ese entonces ha existido una vertiente de agua que ha estado ubicado en tuya chupa, que en la actualidad en ese lugar existe agua termal que está burbujeando. En una semana o más el agua se ha comenzado a salir más y en sueño se ha presentado una chica muy linda brillando junto al árbol grande y se ha revelado diciendo; que hoy saldrá más agua, formaré los picos y cuchillas.Luego de esta revelación, el vaquero se ha asustado muchísimo por no interpretar que quería decir esa revelación; así ha comenzado a difundir a una familia que ha existido en ese entonces en zona de Quilotoa.También hay otras muchas versiones, pero de todo, el nombre kirutwa se origina de esa revelación y versión, que hace mucho más año que nuestros abuelas/as y ancestros siempre ha llamado kirutwa, que significa: kiru = dientes o madera y twa = princesa, es por ello el significado de kirutwa es dientes de princesa toa.Ahora en la actualidad con la llegada de mestizos y más personas extranjeras, se ha cambiado de nombre de Kirutwa a Quilotoa que no tiene mayor significado para nosotros.
Las ventajas y desventajas del internet en la sociedad
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín
Published: January 2020

La finalidad de este trabajo es describir y analizar las ventajas y desventajas del internet en la sociedad, ya que es una red global que influye mucho en la actualidad, este está presente en muchos hogares, instituciones públicas, privadas, centros educativos. El internet también es cuenta como me de comunicación ya que podemos enviar mensajes, hacer llamadas videos llamadas, aparte de esto también nos ayuda con catálogos de biblioteca, hacer compras en aspectos positivos.

Pero también existen aspectos negativos es decir desventajas como el abuso de ciertas redes sociales e incluso el mal uso de aquellas, cabe recalcar que no solo son las redes sociales sino también con ciertos estafadores que se hacen pasar por personas que no son en realidad. El internet, y específicamente hablando de las redes sociales, permiten que nuestra información les sea facilitada a personas que no conocemos pero que sus intenciones son perjudiciales para nuestra integridad y el bienestar de nuestra familia.

Sin lugar a dudas, el internet y las redes sociales revolucionaron la forma de comunicarse, ya que permitió potenciar la simultaneidad e inmediatez de la información, pero, principalmente, por la posibilidad de “subir”, sistematizar y clasificar información en un espacio virtual común. En la actualidad no se habla de medios de comunicación, sino de medios de difusión, pasando así de un esquema tradicional a un proceso interactivo, cambiante y dinámico.

Una red social es un espacio creado virtualmente para facilitar la interacción entre personas. Son lugares en Internet donde las personas o usuarios publican y comparten todo tipo de información, personal o profesional, con otras personas, conocidos y absolutos desconocidos.

En este informe de investigación vamos a hablar de todos estos aspectos negativos y positivos que de una u otra forma influyen mucho en la vida cotidiana de la sociedad para bien o para mal. El internet facilita la información, como ventaja, pero hay que tener en consideración otros factores que se relacionan casi directamente como las redes sociales como la mal información
El turismo en la naturaleza retos y oportunidades
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín
Published: January 2020

Se en tiende que el turismo en la naturaleza es la organización de rutas, itinerarios, logística, infraestructura, trasporte, capacitación, y el compromiso de respetar y no alterar su forma original, pero no actuando como meros espectadores sino interactuando con cada detalle que nos brinda la naturaleza, en permanente movimiento para que la experiencia se disfrute en todo el recorrido realizado en el entorno natural y durante el tiempo de estancia.

El poner en marcha todo el proceso representa uno de los mayores retos tanto en lo logístico y económico como para la toma de decisiones sobre medidas de protección para los ecosistemas que se encuentran en estos espacios turísticos que ya de por si son muy vulnerables y sensibles.

Las leyes que existen para cuidar y proteger estas áreas se deben aplicar y comunicárselas a los turistas de forma oportuna para que entienda la importancia de colaborar con el cuidado de estas áreas.

Ecuador es biodiverso con ecosistemas únicos y el mayor número de especies por metro cuadrados en el planeta y es por demás una de las mayores fortalezas, pues nos brinda hermosos atractivos que no existen en otros países y que pueden ser explotados de forma responsable con los debidos cuidados y procesos para no causar daños al medio ambiente.

También debemos responsabilizarnos de manera directa orientando recursos fruto de la actividad turística para ser utilizados en los cuidados de los sitios y lugares dando lugar a la sostenibilidad, garantizando la perduración de estas maravillas naturales y puedan ser disfrutados pon barias generaciones.
Dengue Outbreak in 2019
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: January 2020

Abstract not available

J MEDICINE JAN 2020; 21 (1) : 1-2
Hearing and Kidney: Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease on Various Auditory Parameters – Results from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Jain Deepak , Aggarwal HK , Bhatia Shailesh , Bhutani Jaikrit
Published: January 2020

Background: An association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hearing loss was first described in patients with Alport syndrome. Patients with CKD develop sensorineural hearing loss with the progression of the disease. Studies using BAER as an index of auditory function among patients with CKD showed evidence of various degrees of auditory dysfunction.

Materials and methods: 100 adult CKD patients (stage 3 – 5 and 5D) and 50 controls were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed and all the patients and controls underwent Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) evaluation.

Results: When hearing thresholds were compared between the patients and controls PTA showed an increase in hearing threshold in all patient groups. This increase was more noticeable at higher frequencies (4 and 8 kHz). Compared with healthy controls, a highly significant delay was observed in CKD patients in both absolute and interpeak latencies in BAER in the present study.

Conclusion: The present study provides a concrete evidence to the otherwise disputed relation of auditory function in CKD proving that hearing is permanently affected by ESRD at all levels of the auditory neural pathway.

J MEDICINE JAN 2020; 21 (1) : 31-35
EEG as a Predictor of Poorly- Controlled Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: January 2020

Introduction:The aim of the present study was to determine electroencephalographic factors associated with poorly controlled epilepsy.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed from January 2007 to December 2008 at Paediatric Neurology outpatient department in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, among the children with epilepsy of 7 months to 15 years age who had history of at least 6 months treatment with rational antiepileptic drugs daily with adequate compliance. There were two groups of patients; group 1, consisted of 50 poorly controlled epilepsy patients and group 2, comprised 50 well-controlled epilepsy patients. We retrospectively reviewed EEGs and medical records from these children. Features of initial EEGs findings were compared between the two groups.

Results: Significant electroencephalographic predictors of poorly controlled epilepsy were: abnormal initial EEG (p=0.025), EEG background abnormality (p<0.001), frequent sharp wave/spike (p<0.001) and hypsarrhythmia (p=0.046). No significant difference was noticed between the two groups in respect to the location of spikes/ sharp waves. With multiple logistic regression, independent predictors of poor seizure control were EEG background abnormality and frequent sharp wave/spike.

Conclusion: The study showed several Electroencehalographic factors that can be identified early in the course of childhood epilepsy which can predict development of poor seizure control. Knowledge of these factors will help us to discriminate our patients and pay more attention to those at risk of developing poorly controlled epilepsy.

Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 15-20
Estimation of Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain & Rheumatic Disorders in a Rural Community of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Moshiour , Islam AKM Mazharul , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Islam Md Rafiqul , Liza Dilruba Yesmin , Kibria Md Golam
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Rheumatic disorders are one of the largest health problems in the world both in developed & developing countries. They are the most common causes of chronic health problems and long term physical disability, work loss and loss of income. The study was conducted among the 15 plus years aged people in selected areas based on broad objective of exploring the prevalence of rheumatic disorders.

Materials and Methods: It was an Observational cross sectional study. The study was conducted among the people of nineteen small villages of Sonargaon upazilla in Narayanganj district, Bangladesh. This study was conducted From January 2010 to December 2011. All subjects of the defined area aged  15 years were included in this study.

Results: The point prevalence rate of definite rheumatic disorders was 23.7%. Age, sex and occupations were associated with the overall prevalence rate. The prevalence was higher (51.8%) in older aged (65years and above) population. Females (34.5%) were affected more than males (18.6%) in this rural area.

Conclusion: These diseases are associated with some form of disability and work loss, as well as loss of income. More community- based studies with the design for the identification of associate’s factors for individual rheumatic disease are needed. So that appropriate messages can be given to the community for prevention and treatment of rheumatic disorders.

Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 33-36
The Association between Glucose Levels and Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ahmed Saleh , Bordhan Pritam , Imam Hasan , Salma Umme
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death in the world and will become the third most common in a few years. Identification of prognostic factors may lead to improved treatment strategies and clinical outcomes for COPD. To find out the association between glucose levels and hospital outcomes in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out different privet and public hospital in Chandpur. The information reported in this manuscript was collected during three separate projects in the same hospital. The first cohort included 35 COPD patients admitted for an acute exacerbation to a non-ICU bed to determine if there was a relationship between corticosteroid dosage and hyperglycemia. The second cohort included 210 COPD patients with acute exacerbations who were admitted to the MICU to determine factors associated with mortality and LOS. The third cohort included 105 COPD patients who were monitored for re-admission within 30 days after discharge for an acute exacerbation.

Results: Mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, nursing home, pleural effusion and intubation were statistically significant (p<0.05) between two group. Intubation had 5.318 (95% CI 2.578 to 11.721) times increase in odds having length of stay. Intubation was significantly associated with length of stay.

Conclusion: Mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, nursing home, pleural effusion and intubation were statistically significant between in hospital deaths group and survivors group.

Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 62-66
Prevalence of health shocks and the influencing factors: evidence from rural Bangladesh
Authors: Rakib Muntaha
Published: January 2020

To explore the factors associated with the prevalence of health shocks faced by low income people in rural Bangladesh is the major focus of the paper. This paper uses the country representative data called Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) which covers the period 2015 conducted by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). A simple Probit regression was performed to explore factors associated with the incidence of health shocks, particularly illness and skipping work due to illness. Several influencing factors of health shock exposure are identified; such as household characteristics, health care access and supply-side indicators such as accessibility to different facilities. The study finds that households prevalence to health shocks and experiences of illness are positively associated with increase in consumption while less educated and less affluent households are more hardly affected by health shocks. Access to medical facilities apart from access to financial markets is among the other major influencing factors of health shock prevalence. The finding of the paper is expected to provide evidence for policy-makers in designing health protection mechanisms and targeting the affected people.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 363-371, December 2019
Household food security through dairy farming in Sirajganj district, Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md Shajahan , Modok Manasi , Shahidullah - , Akther Rahima
Published: January 2020

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to maintain healthy and productive lives. This study was carried out to investigate the household food security status of dairy farmer at three villages of Shahjadpur Upazila of Sirajganj District. This study was based on primary data and a semi-structured interview schedule was used for collecting data during January to March 2018. Data were collected from a random sample of 60 where the total dairy farmers were 240. Food security status of household of dairy farmer was measured on the basis of their per capita calorie consumption per day. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient Correlation (r) was computed to explore the relationship of the respondents selected characteristics and their food security status. It is 40% percent moderately food secured per year, 25% household had food secured per year and 35% households were low food secured per year. Dairy farmer’s Annual income, training, experience, credit received had a significant positive relationship with their household food security status. The Findings of the study would be helpful for policy makers. Government and non-government organizations work for development of tribal people; this study may help them achieve their goal. It will be helpful for the government to ensure their food security in the sense that they may be aware of the food insecure situation if the findings of the study are revealed to them

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 379-387, December 2019
Association of HER-2 Expression with Age, Tumour Size, Grade, Differentiation and Lymph Node Deposit in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferdousi Sharmin , Badruddoza Shah Md , Asafuddullah SM
Published: January 2020

Breast Cancer incidence is increasing, but its mortality has started to decrease. The existence of strong reliable prognostic and predictive factors is of utmost importance to the practicing clinician. Some factors are only prognostic such as age, tumor size, and lymph node status, while others are both prognostic and predictive such as hormone receptors and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER’s-2) status. This study was done to see the association of HER-2 positivity with age, tumour size, grade, differentiation and lymph node deposit in breast cancer patient. A cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted among 50 patients. Patient age range is from 22 to 64 years (mean 42.64 ± 10.26 years). Tumour size ranged from 1 to 8 cm (mean 4.39 ± 1.564cm). Well differentiated tumour was 20, moderately differentiated tumour was 18 cases and poorly differentiated was 12 cases. HER-2/neu negative included 35(70%) cases and positive included 15(30%) cases. In this study it was found that the association between age groups and tumour differentiation with HER-2/neu status was statistically significant (p= <0.05).

TAJ 2019; 32(2): 14-21
Completion Thyroidectomy for Initially Misdiagnosed Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma-Study of 51 cases
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa , Haque Muhammad Mahamudul , Islam Md Safiul , Islam Md Asadul , Sarkar Subrata Ranjan
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Completion thyroidectomy is the removal of any residual thyroid tissue that remains after a less than total thyroidectomy. This procedure is usually done when the final histopathlogy of the excised ipsilateral thyroid lobe reveals papillary or follicular carcinoma.

Objective: A retrospective analysis was done of patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy for thyroid malignancy who had undergone surgery elsewhere for solitary thyroid nodule. The incidence of complications in these patients after re-operation was investigated in this study.

Material and Method: Our study included a total 51 patients who had undergone thyroid lobectomy for a solitary nodule as initial surgery in our hospital & elsewhere and were admitted in our hospital for completion thyroidectomy when histopathology revealed malignancy in last 5 years (2014-2018).

Result: In this study-51 patients were enrolled; among them 42 were female and 9 male. Their mean age was 33.6 years (range-17-59 years). After initial surgery, the histopathology revealed papillary carcinoma in 45 patients (88.24%), follicular carcinoma in 6 patients (11.76%). Four out of 51 patients had recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after initial surgery (7.8%). None of the patients had clinical hypocalcaemia after 1st surgery. Parathyroid glands are identified and preserved in all patients during completion thyroidectomy. No patient had additional recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 2nd surgery. Mean follow-up was one year. Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 9.8% patients, but no permanent hypoparathyroidism. Seven patients were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion: Completion thyroidectomy is a safe and appropriate procedure for the management of initially misdiagnosed differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

TAJ 2019; 32(2): 22-26
Incidence of Dental Caries in Relation with Cariogenic Food and Socioeconomic Status among Pediatric Patients
Authors: Rahman Md Shoyeb , Hasan Md Habibul , Hossain Md Abul , Asad Abul Kalam Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common oral health diseases among children all over the world and its consequences cause a lot of pain and suffering. In the present study the effect of cariogenic food and socio-economic status in the initiation of dental caries among pediatric patients was assessed.

Methodology: Data were collected with a pretested structured interview schedule from 370 participants and their parents attending dental unit, Rajshahi medical college from July 2017 to December 2018. Oral examination was done by dental mirror and probe under sufficient light to find out the dental caries among the children. Data were analyzed using SPSS method.

Results: 91.35% participants had dental caries. Multiple caries was found highest (56. 58%) in low socio-economic status. 68.38% participants regularly consumed the cariogenic food, of them multiple caries were found in 46.64%.

Discussion: The prevalence of dental caries among participants was found 91.35%. In the present study family income has influence on the dental caries. In the present study 68.38% participants regularly consumed sugar containing food items and among them multiple carious teeth were found in 46.64% participants.

Conclusion: Incidence of dental caries is very high among the children of low socio-economic status and who take cariogenic food frequently specially sugar containing food.

TAJ 2019; 32(2): 43-47
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BOOK RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ASSISTED MIND MAP FOR PGSD STUDENTS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG
Authors: Trimurtini Trimurtini -
Published: January 2020

PGSD (elementary school teacher Education) 's research skills affect the quality of the resulting thesis, which also affects the length of student thesis completion. The purpose of this research is to develop the book of research methodology in PGSD, with the need for examples of research topics in elementary school with a mind map to make the mindset more and more skilled and lead students in research. This development research uses the model ADDIE: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Analysis of the data conducted, i.e. analysis of teaching materials feasibility, analysis of student responses to teaching materials, analysis of increased learning outcomes. The results of a need analysis showed 94.56% of students needed a complete and systematic learning resource innovation and equipped with a mind map as a guideline of thought flow. The content of the teaching book has been designed according to curriculum needs and need analysis results. The Draft I tested validity by material experts got a score of 87.5% (very decent) and by linguist got a score of 96.8% (very decent). Advice from material experts and linguists was made a material to revise the teaching book into Draft II, which was then tested to be limited to seeing the aspect of readability. Limited test results show student responses to the study methodology teaching book in excellent category (85.71%). Student learning results have increased and the results of N-gain test show the increase of the low category (0.26).
DUKUNGAN SOSIAL GURU SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI SISWA
Authors: Fanggidae Yenssy Marvilen , Radja Markus Dimu
Published: January 2020

The aim that will be achieved in this research is to investigate the influence of teachers' social support to the motivation of the achievement of class XI students the language department in SMA Negeri 5 Kupang City. The research method used is quantitative, with a simple linear regression data analysis technique. The number of respondents involved in this study was as much as 35 students, and the sampling techniques used were random sampling. The results showed that the teacher's social support contributed positively and significantly to the motivation of the achievement of class XI students the language department in SMA Negeri 5 Kupang City. (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05). While the contributions of effective teachers ' social support variables the teachers to the motivation of achievement of 58.8%, and the remaining 41.2% are influenced by other variables that are not included in this research model. The results of this research proved that the increasing teachers' social support, the increase also the motivation of achievement of students.
Publish less, communicate more! Reflecting on the potentials and challenges of a hybrid self-publishing project
Authors: Dang Sarah-Mai
Published: January 2020

In this article, Sarah-Mai Dang reflects on the potentials and challenges of her hybrid self-publishing project oabooks.de. Publishing her dissertation across four different formats she comes to the conclusion that one size does not fit all. The case is made to focus on communicating research of which publishing is only a part. THE FINAL VERSION (peer reviewed) can be found here: https://www.oabooks.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/DangPublishLessCommunicateMore_2020.pdf.
Authors: Novilolita Dwi , Lestari Yuniar , Hardisman Hardisman
Published: January 2020

Kejadian pasien jatuh merupakan kejadian yang tidak direncanakan dengan atau tanpa cedera di unit rawat inap. Berdasarkan standar pelayanan minimal, kejadian pasien jatuh yang merupakan bagian dari keselamatan pasien diharapkan adalah 0%. Berdasarkan data awal dari Komite Mutu dan Manajemen Risiko RS Y di Kota Padang terdapat 53 insiden keselamatan pasien dimana insiden terbanyak adalah kejadian pasien jatuh dengan 11 kejadian. Rawat inap merupakan lokasi jatuh terbanyak yaitu 5 insiden kemudian diikuti oleh IGD dan rawat jalan. Oleh karena itu RS Y di Kota Padang tidak mencapai standar dari Komisi Akreditasi yaitu zero accident. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penyebab dan komponen yang berperan dalam insiden pasien jatuh di rawat inap RS Y di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara semi terstuktur, telaah dokumen, serta observasi. Wawancara dilakukan kepada 21 informan. Komponen yang diteliti yaitu karakteristik individu (pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, kompetensi, usia), sifat dasar pekerjaan (kompleksitas pengobatan, kerjasama dalam unit, gangguan/interupsi), lingkungan fisik (sarana), lingkungan organisasi dan sosial (Standar Prosedur Operasional/SPO), serta faktor manajemen (struktur organisasi, budaya safety). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa standar pendidikan minimal sudah mencukupi namun persentasenya belum sesuai standar, jumlah kebutuhan tenaga perawat masih kurang. Kompleksitas pengobatan berupa jenis diagnosis dan pengobatan yang diterima pasien memiliki risiko jatuh yang tinggi, gangguan dalam unit yang mengganggu pelayanan berupa jam besuk tidak sesuai. Sarana yang masih kurang lengkap. Pelaksanaan SPO yang belum optimal. Kesimpulan pelaksanaan pencegahan cedera akibat pasien jatuh belum optimal.
Hydrogen Sulfide Affects the Root Development of Strawberry During Plug Transplant Production
Authors: Hu Jiangtao , Li Yali , Liu Ya , Kang Dong Il , Wei Hao , Jeong Byoung Ryong
Published: January 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is endogenously produced in plant cells and plays an essential role in root development. Given its potential for future agricultural applications, the optimal concentration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) and the potential mechanisms for root development in the strawberry ‘Seolhyang’ were investigated in this study. The results showed that NaHS with a concentration of 1.250 mM had a positive effect on root development in strawberry. Further experiments showed that exogenous NaHS elevated the H2S content in the root. The dry root weight was increased by the 1.250 mM NaHS treatment, but was reduced by the hypotaurine (an H2S scavenger) treatment. Similar changes were found between H2S and soluble sugar contents, indicating that H2S enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugar. Therefore, it is suggested that the accumulation of soluble sugar induced by H2S is either directly or indirectly involved in root development in strawberry during plug production. Moreover, superoxide dismutase was shown to have contributed to the elevated H2O2 contents. These results contribute to our understanding of the role that H2S plays and some of the relevant mechanisms in which H2S regulates root development.
Comparison and Application of Non-Destructive NIR Evaluations of Seed Protein and Oil Content in Soybean Breeding
Authors: Jiang Guo-Liang
Published: January 2020

A plant breeding program needs to evaluate a large number of materials for different traits within a limited time. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to quickly determine seed composition in various crop species. In this study, we compared whole-seed evaluations of protein and oil content by NIR methods in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and then discussed the application to plant breeding. The differences among the entries tested were highly significant in both traits for each method used. No significant difference but high correlation and consistency existed between DA 7250 and wet-chemistry methods. Compared with DA 7250, ZX-50 exhibited, to some extent, differences or errors. The differences of ZX-50 methods were found to be correlated with seed sizes and could be corrected using regression equations formulated for bias calculation. After correction, the differences in the predictions between DA 7250 and ZX-50 methods were insignificant. Similar to DA 7250, ZX-50 methods exhibited a high repeatability (> 98%) of the predictions. By validation with 760 bulk samples of different seed types and 240 single-plant samples, it further demonstrated that as a non-destructive, fast and cost-efficient method, ZX-50 NIR analysis with an appropriate bias correction could be used in soybean breeding, specifically suitable for single plant selection based on whole seeds.
The Use of the WOFOST Model to Simulate Water-Limited Yield of Early Potato Cultivars
Authors: Kulig Bogdan , Skowera Barbara , Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Kołodziej Stanisław , Grygierzec Wiesław
Published: January 2020

In this work, an attempt was made to use the WOFOST (WOrld FOod Studies) model to simulate the potential and water-limited yield of early potato cultivars Lord and Denar. Data from cultivar experiments carried out at the Polish Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in 2004–2013 were used in the study. The Lord cultivar yielded 22.4–67.8 t fresh tuber weight per ha and 3.8–11.5 t ha−1 dry tuber weight during the study period. The highest tuber yields (over 10 t ha−1 dry weight) were obtained in 2009, 2011 and 2012, and the lowest in 2005 (3.8 t ha−1) and 2006 (2.65 t ha−1). The water-limited tuber yield simulated by WOFOST ranged from 3.6 to 10.9 t ha−1 dry weight and was about 0.45 t ha−1 higher on average than the actual yield. The planting period each year was between days 104 and 120 of the year, and harvesting took place between days 216 and 232. Water availability was a factor limiting the yield. The yield limited by water deficiency was 38.7% lower (irrespective of the cultivar) than the potential yield. The WOFOST model was sensitive to water deficiency, and the simulated (water-limited) yields were close to the actual yield or showed a clear downward trend indicating evident rainfall shortages in 2005 and 2006.
Performance Assessment of Software to Detect and Assist Prescribers with Antimicrobial Drug Interactions: Are all of them Created Equal?
Authors: Morte-Romea Elena , Luque-Gómez Pilar , Arenere-Mendoza Mercedes , Sierra-Monzón Jose Luis , Camón Pueyo Ana , Pellejero Sagastizabal Galadriel , Verdejo Muñoz Guillermo , Sánchez Fabra David , Paño-Pardo José Ramón
Published: January 2020

Background: Detecting and managing antimicrobial drug interactions (ADIs) is one of the facets of prudent antimicrobial prescribing. Our aim is to compare the capability of several electronic drug–drug interaction (DDI) checkers to detect and report ADIs. Methods: Six electronic DDI checking platforms were evaluated: Drugs.com®, Medscape®, Epocrates®, Medimecum®, iDoctus®, and Guía IF®. Lexicomp® Drug Interactions was selected as the gold standard. Ten ADIs addressing different mechanisms were evaluated with every electronic DDI checker. For each ADI, we assessed five dimensions and calculated an overall performance score (maximum possible score: 10 points). The explored dimensions were sensitivity (capability to detect ADI), clinical effect (type and severity), mechanism of interaction, recommended action(s), and documentation (quality of evidence and availability of references). Results: The electronic DDI checkers did not detect a significant proportion of the ADI assessed. The overall performance score ranged between 4.4 (Medimecum) and 8.8 (Drugs.com). Drugs.com was the highest ranked platform in four out of five dimensions (sensitivity, effect, mechanism, and recommended action). Conclusions: There is significant variability in the performance of the available platforms in detecting and assessing ADI. Although some ADI checkers have proven to be very accurate, others missed almost half of the explored interactions.
Biosynthesis of Galactan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a Viable TB Drug Target?
Authors: Konyariková Zuzana , Savková Karin , Kozmon Stanislav , Mikušová Katarína
Published: January 2020

While target-based drug design has proved successful in several therapeutic areas, this approach has not yet provided compelling outcomes in the field of antibacterial agents. This statement remains especially true for the development of novel therapeutic interventions against tuberculosis, an infectious disease that is among the top ten leading causes of death globally. Mycobacterial galactan is an important component of the protective cell wall core of the tuberculosis pathogen and it could provide a promising target for the design of new drugs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on galactan biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including landmark findings that led to the discovery and understanding of three key enzymes in this pathway: UDP-galactose mutase, and galactofuranosyl transferases GlfT1 and GlfT2. Moreover, we recapitulate the efforts aimed at their inhibition. The predicted common transition states of the three enzymes provide the lucrative possibility of multitargeting in pharmaceutical development, a favourable property in the mitigation of drug resistance. We believe that a tight interplay between target-based computational approaches and experimental methods will result in the development of original inhibitors that could serve as the basis of a new generation of drugs against tuberculosis.
Thunbergia laurifolia Leaf Extract Increased Levels of Antioxidant Enzymes and Protected Human Cell-Lines In Vitro Against Cadmium
Authors: Junsi Marasri , Takahashi Yupanqui Chutha , Usawakesmanee Worapong , Slusarenko Alan , Siripongvutikorn Sunisa
Published: January 2020

Thunbergia laurifolia or Rang Jued has been used as an herbal tea and in folk medicine as a detoxifying agent. Cd contamination is globally widespread and a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) production of the crude dried extract (CDE) of T. laurifolia leaves, using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and human liver (HepG2) cells as in vitro models. Moreover, the cytotoxicity including anti-cadmium (Cd) toxicity in both cells were measured. The experimental design had 3 treatment groups with combined, pre-, and post-treatments for investigating the anti-Cd toxicity, and cell viability was determined with MTT test (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The CDE showed low cytotoxicity and increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities with decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both cell types. It was found that the CDE protected against Cd-induced toxicity in both cell types, and a synergistic combination therapy effect was seen when CaNa2EDTA, a chelating agent, was applied. Therefore, CDE can protect against Cd-induced oxidative stress in cells, possibly due to its antioxidant properties. Moreover, using the extract or drinking the herbal tea together with chelating agent should have an efficacy advantage over using the CDE or the chelating agent singly.
Semi-Supervised GNSS Scintillations Detection Based on DeepInfomax
Authors: Franzese Giulio , Linty Nicola , Dovis Fabio
Published: January 2020

This work focuses on a machine learning based detection of ionospheric scintillation events affecting Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. We here extend the recent detection results based on Decision Trees, designing a semi-supervised detection system based on the DeepInfomax approach recently proposed. The paper shows that it is possible to achieve good classification accuracy while reducing the amount of time that human experts must spend manually labelling the datasets for the training of supervised algorithms. The proposed method is scalable and reduces the required percentage of annotated samples to achieve a given performance, making it a viable candidate for a realistic deployment of scintillation detection in software defined GNSS receivers.
Panoptic Segmentation-Based Attention for Image Captioning
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Xiong Zheng , Sun Xianfang , Rosin Paul L. , Jin Longcun , Peng Xinyi
Published: January 2020

Image captioning is the task of generating textual descriptions of images. In order to obtain a better image representation, attention mechanisms have been widely adopted in image captioning. However, in existing models with detection-based attention, the rectangular attention regions are not fine-grained, as they contain irrelevant regions (e.g., background or overlapped regions) around the object, making the model generate inaccurate captions. To address this issue, we propose panoptic segmentation-based attention that performs attention at a mask-level (i.e., the shape of the main part of an instance). Our approach extracts feature vectors from the corresponding segmentation regions, which is more fine-grained than current attention mechanisms. Moreover, in order to process features of different classes independently, we propose a dual-attention module which is generic and can be applied to other frameworks. Experimental results showed that our model could recognize the overlapped objects and understand the scene better. Our approach achieved competitive performance against state-of-the-art methods. We made our code available.
Optical Trapping, Sizing, and Probing Acoustic Modes of a Small Virus
Authors: Burkhartsmeyer Jeffrey , Wang Yanhong , Wong Kam Sing , Gordon Reuven
Published: January 2020

Prior opto-mechanical techniques to measure vibrational frequencies of viruses work on large ensembles of particles, whereas, in this work, individually trapped viral particles were studied. Double nanohole (DNH) apertures in a gold film were used to achieve optical trapping of one of the smallest virus particles yet reported, PhiX174, which has a diameter of 25 nm. When a laser was focused onto these DNH apertures, it created high local fields due to plasmonic enhancement, which allowed stable trapping of small particles for prolonged periods at low powers. Two techniques were performed to characterize the virus particles. The particles were sized via an established autocorrelation analysis technique, and the acoustic modes were probed using the extraordinary acoustic Raman (EAR) method. The size of the trapped particle was determined to be 25 ± 3.8 nm, which is in good agreement with the established diameter of PhiX174. A peak in the EAR signal was observed at 32 GHz, which fits well with the predicted value from elastic theory.
Calculation and Analysis of Wind Turbine Health Monitoring Indicators Based on the Relationships with SCADA Data
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wen Zejun , Liu Deshun , Jiao Jie , Wan Hengzheng , Zeng Bing
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes an evaluation index of wind turbine generator operating health based on the relationships with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) data. First, the relationship among the data from a wind turbine SCADA system is thoroughly analyzed. Then, a time based sliding window model is used to process the SCADA data by the bin method, and a running state model of the wind turbine is established by data fitting. Taking the normal operation state model of the wind turbine as the standard reference and based on the Euclidean distance between the state model curve and the standard model curve, the health index of the wind turbine operation state is proposed. Finally, using SCADA data from two 2 MW direct-drive wind turbines as examples for analysis and discussion, the results show that: (1) health indicators have good stability and sensitivity to wind turbine operating conditions; (2) the width of the data window in the sliding window model must cover all operating conditions of the wind turbine to ensure that the health index depicts the operating state of the wind turbine; (3) the data window width, window increment, and data fitting modeling all affect the health indicators, and thus, the selection of the sliding window model parameters and the data relationship modeling methods should consider the accuracy and real-time performance of the health indicators; and (4) the data acquisition cycle does not affect the health indicators. Once the basic characteristics of the data relations are known, direct data fitting modeling is more efficient than bin preprocessing modeling.
Probiotic Characteristics and Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum and Its Impact on Fermentation of Italian Ryegrass at Low Moisture
Authors: Muthusamy Karnan , Soundharrajan Ilavenil , Srisesharam Srigopalram , Kim Dahye , Kuppusamy Palaniselvam , Lee Kyung Dong , Choi Ki Choon
Published: January 2020

The study aimed to investigate probiotic characteristics, and low moisture silage fermentation capability of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). Morphological and physiological properties, carbohydrates fermentation, enzymes, and organic acids production, anti-fungal activity, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and probiotic characteristics (acidic and bile salt tolerances, hydrophobicity and aggregations natures) of LAB were examined. 16SrRNA sequencing was carried out to identify isolated strains. The identified strains Lactobacillus plantarum (KCC-37) and Lactobacillus plantarum (KCC-38) showed intense antifungal activity, survival tolerant in acidic and bile salt environments, cell surface and auto aggregations ability, enzymes and organic acids productions. At ensiled condition, KCC-37 and KCC-38 enhanced acidification of Italian ryegrass silages by producing a higher amount of lactic acid, a key acid for indicating silage quality with less extent to acetic acid and succinic acid at low moisture level than non-inoculated silages. Notably, the addition of mixed strains of KCC-37 and KCC-38 more potentially enhanced acidification of silage and organic acid productions than the single-culture inoculation. The overall data suggested that these strains could be used as an additive for improving the quality of the fermentation process in low moisture silage with significant probiotic characteristics.