bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequências didáticas na educação superior: evidências de produções contemporâneas em educação em ciências
Authors: Ventura Fonseca Carlos , Bianca Hesse Fernanda
Published: July 2022

Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se uma revisão da literatura presente nas atas de diferentes edições do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, na série histórica que compreende os anos 2010 até 2020. A investigação englobou trabalhos que abordam sequências didáticas e práticas pedagógicas relacionadas à área do conhecimento mencionada, no contexto brasileiro da educação superior. Foram desenvolvidos sete movimentos de pesquisa que partiram da utilização de palavras-chave para seleção dos trabalhos, com posterior realização de análise de conteúdo dos textos coletados. Verificou-se que as práticas pedagógicas presentes na amostra analisada, em maior proporção foram desenvolvidas em uma multiplicidade de cursos de graduação, mas com frequência predominante de propostas vinculadas ao ensino de biologia; adotaram o modelo pedagógico construtivista; privilegiaram a relação horizontal entre os sujeitos da sala de aula, o tratamento de conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais, além de temas oriundos do contexto da sociedade; apresentaram, como estratégias didáticas, aula expositiva e dialogada, debates e trabalho em grupo. Os resultados apontaram desafios específicos para a área de pesquisa em educação em ciências, no Brasil, relacionados à necessidade de ampliação de publicações que envolvem práticas pedagógicas centradas na educação superior, que possuem potencial para o estabelecimento de movimentos contínuos de qualificação e aperfeiçoamento de saberes da docência universitária, em diferentes cursos e espaços formativos que requisitam contribuições das áreas de ensino de química, física e/ ou biologia.
Methods of clinical assessment of the functional state of the hip joint in children and adolescents
Authors: Tsykunov M. B. , Eremushkin M. A. , Sharpar V. D.
Published: July 2022

Original method for clinical evaluation of the hip functional state in children and adolescents is presented. This method includes passport data, case history, subjective signs, special functional test and motor tasks, clinical and instrumental examination. Every sign is assessed in points: 5 points absence of pathological changes and this corresponds to function compensation; 34 points moderately marked changes subcompensation; less than 3 points marked changes decompensation. Final evaluation of the hip functional state is the integral index. 107 joints in 83 patients with various hip dysplasias were examined. All patients were on target rehabilitation treatment that resulted in the improvement of the functional state. The repeated postrehabilitation testing showed increase in integral index within 12 points. In 30 patients the compensation of function was achieved, 34 patients subcompensation was observed. Decompensation persisted in 19 patients.
Treatment of uncomplicated rotator cuff injuries
Authors: Makarevich E. R.
Published: July 2022

The work was grounded on the analysis of the examination data and treatment results of 130 patients with uncomplicated rotator cuff injuries. Clinical manifestation and radiographic findings were described for the different types of injuries. Differentiated methods for the treatment were suggested. Forty two patients with partial local cuff injuries were on conservative treatment. In 38 patients that treatment was successful and in 4 patients with degenerative cuff changes the treatment was failed. Ninety two patients were operated on. Good and excellent results were achieved in 90.2%) of cases, satisfactory and poor in 9.8%. Poor outcomes (4 patients) were resulted from formation of acromion pseudoarthrosis and development of wound infection, satisfactory outcomes (5) were resulted from cuff suture failure and scar development in defect plasty.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Fixation of Fragments of the Navicular Bone of the Wrist with Screws of Different Designs
Authors: Anisimov V. N. , Leontiev N. V. , Stroganov A. B.
Published: July 2022

Experimental clinical study of peculiarities of navicular bone fractures and comparative estimation offixation efficacy using screws of different shape were performed. Compressive properties of the authors screws were 1.4 times and 2.5 times higher in comparison with conic and cylindrical screws, respectively. In the treatment of navicular bone fractures clinical experience was studied using the method of screw compression osteosynthesis. The advisability of application of the authors screw was substantiated by the treatment results. In 92.7% of patients with ununited navicular bone fractures and in all cases with acute fractures complete healing was detected.
About segmental resection of the limb and its variant - operations borggeve—van ness
Authors: Makhson A. N.
Published: July 2022

The founders of the method of segmental resection of the limb as an alternative to its amputation are Russian surgeons P.I. Tikhov and N.A. Bogoraz. At the beginning of the 20th century, they put forward the idea - to preserve the unaffected peripheral (functionally most valuable) section of the limb on the main vessels and main nerve trunks in case of tumors of the bones of the limbs, resecting its central section (segment).
Anesthesia and maintenance of homeostasis in the surgical treatment of children with systemic diseases of the skeleton
Authors: Frantov R. B.
Published: July 2022

Anesthesiological and resuscitation support during surgical interventions in children with systemic skeletal diseases (SDS) presents certain difficulties. This is due to the functional changes in such patients and the insufficiency of various organs and systems, as well as the disproportionate development of the facial part of the skeleton and deformation of the chest, which makes it difficult to intubate the trachea, impaired airway patency with possible subsequent development of respiratory insufficiency. Often used during operations on the extremities, the application of a tourniquet leads to the development of severe tachycardia, hypertension, aggravation of metabolic acidosis and intoxication, which are extremely difficult to stop, especially in this group of children with pneumosclerosis and cardiopathy.
Analytical review of dissertations reviewed and approved by the vacancy of Russia in 2000, specialty 14.00.22 - traumatology and orthopedics
Authors: Kotelnikov G. P.
Published: July 2022

In 2000, the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia in the specialty 14.00.22 (traumatology and orthopedics) reviewed and approved 122 dissertations, including 30 (24.6%) doctoral (in 1999 - 19, or 18.6% ) and 92 (75.4%) candidates (in 1999 - 83, or 81.4%). There were no dissertations rejected. There were no violations of the Regulations of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation during the defense of dissertations.
Standardization of treatment methods for children and adolescents
with dysplastic (idiopathic) scoliosis
Authors: Tesakov D. K. , Voronovich I. R.
Published: July 2022

Modern methods for the treatment of patients with dysplastic (idiopathic) scoliosis were divided into two groups: basic, i.e. main methods, and auxiliary/additional ones. The presented division enabled to standardize medical technology for the management of patients with dysplastic scoliosis using the optimal protocol for each patient, to realize the rational application of separate method taking into account the efficacy of perf ormed procedures and disease progression as well as to provide the treatment succession in patients under different conditions and at different hospitals.
Results and development prospects of A.I. Bliskunov
in surgical vertebrology
Authors: Brekhov A. N. , Eliseev S. L. , Serdyuk S. A.
Published: July 2022

A.I. Bliskunov is a world-famous scientist, Honored Inventor of Ukraine and the USSR, laureate of the UN World Intellectual Property Organization Prize, V.K. Seminsky, the founder of a new direction in traumatology and orthopedics - controlled distraction using fully implantable devices. But few people know that one of his first inventions belongs to the field of surgical vertebrology.
Post-traumatic protrusion coxarthrosis
Authors: Zorya V. I. , Proklova E. V.
Published: July 2022

Clinical and roentgenologic manifestations of posttraumatic protrusion coxarthrosis are described on the basis of examination including CT and MRT of 37 patients aged from 23 to 73 years. The causes for the development of degenerative dystrophic changes in the hip joint following posttraumatic acetabular protrusion are given in detail. Surgical treatment of patients with posttraumatic protrusion coxarthrosis should be directed at the elimination of the incorrect position within biomechanical system spine-pelvis and pelvis-femur. This can be achieved by means of total hip replacement.
Electron microscopic examination of articular cartilage
and subchondral bone after laser exposure in the experiment
Authors: Mikhailova L. N. , Hovhannisyan O. V. , Ivannikov S. V. , Omelianenko N. P.
Published: July 2022

Transmission and scanner electronic microscopy was used to study the influence of laser radiation upon the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Laser radiation with maximum power (up to 70 W) was generated using surgical laser plant Lamin-1 with 1.06 m wave length in air environment. Data obtained showed that zone of thermal lesion surrounding the defect ranged from 0.8 to 1.0 mm. Articular cartilage and subchondral bone outside the thermal lesion zone preserved specific ultrastructural architectonics. Those data gave evidence of a little traumatic effect of laser using Lamin1 and the possibilities of laser application for surgical interventions in traumatology and orthopaedics.
5th International Conference on Skeletal Dysplasia
Authors: Mikhaylova L. K.
Published: July 2022

From September 6 to 8, 2001, the 5th International Conference was held in Oxford (Great Britain) dedicated to the problems of classification, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of skeletal dysplasia. It is worth recalling that the 1st international forum on skeletal dysplasia (organized by A. Poznanski) was held in 1993 in Chicago, 2nd (R. Maroteaux) -in 1995 in Versailles, 3rd (D. Rimoin and R. Lachman) -in 1997 in Los Angeles and 4th (J. Spranger) -in 1999 in Baden-Baden.
Modern realities in orthopedics and traumatology and prospects for the development of the specialty
Authors: Korzh A. A.
Published: July 2022

In historical terms, our specialty can be called both the oldest - medicine began with the treatment of injuries - and the young one, the beginnings of which appeared about two and a half hundred years ago, during the time of Nicolas Andry, but in fact - with the discovery of X-rays (1895).
Treatment of bone loss defects and pseudoarthroses of the humerus with vascularised autografts
Authors: Evgrafov A. V. , Grishin I. G. , Goncharenko I. V , Polotnyanko V. N.
Published: July 2022

Results of treatment of 31 patients with non-union of the humerus are presented. There are 25 defects of the humerus and 6 pseudoarthroses of various genesis and different localisation. Shortening of the humerus ranged from 3 to 15 cm. Routine free vascularised bone or composite skin/bone autografting was done for all patients. In 28 cases vascularised fibular pedicle graft was used, in 4 of which the fibular head to reconstruct the shoulder joint was used. An iliac crest graft was used in remaining 3. In 9 patients with shortening of the humerus over 5 cm distractionusing Ilizarov device was followed by bonee grafting. In 27 patients Ilizarov device was epplied for osteosynthesis after bone grafting. Long term outcome was studied in 27 of the 31 cases and the results were uniformly satisfactory.
Transplantation of vascularized latissimus dorsalis flaps to the deltoid region for children with obstetrical brachial paralysis sequela
Authors: Minachenko V. K.
Published: July 2022

Bipolar transplantation of vascularized pedicle flaps from the latissimus dorsalis to the deltoid region was done in 25 children between the ages of 2 and 14 years. All had sequela of obstetrical brachial plexus paralysis with various degrees of internal rotation contracture. Pre-operative limitation of active abduction ranged 0 to 80 degrees (mean=56 degrees). Muscle transplantation was supplemented in all cases by other musculotendinous and osteoarticular procedures. The surgical procedure and postoperative management are described in detail. All children showed improvement of arm function and shoulder range of motion. Post-operatively, active abduction was 20 to 170 degrees (mean=131 degrees). Internal rotation contracture was reduced and active external rotation was ebabled. There were two complications: one necrosis of the pedicle flap and one traction neuritis of the brachial plexus.
Combination of craniocerebral and skeleton injurieis: diagnosis and management
Authors: Ankin L. N. , Polishchuk N. E. , Treshchinsky A. P. , Shlapak I. P. , Roschin G. G. , Farmanolla A. , Babaev E. O.
Published: July 2022

The study is concerned with the outcomes of the treatment of 364 patients with combined trauma (craniocerebral injuries of different severity and fractures of skeleton bones [453]). Patients management and fracture fixation methods are presented. Primary osteosynthesis (during the first day after trauma) was done in 45.9% of victims and delayed osteosynthesis - in 54.1%. The following fixators were applied: plates (46.6% of victims), external fixation devices (36.6%), rods (9.9%), other types (6.9%). Early osteosynthesis (during the first three days after trauma) did not increase the lethality and complication rate. At follow up period of 12-18 months the long term results were studied in 98 of 364 patients. Good outcome was achieved in 79.6% of cases, satisfactory - in 17.3% and unsatisfactory in 3.1% of cases. The authors consider that primary and early osteosynthesis in patients with the combination of craniocerebral and skeleton injuries enable to improve the outcomes, reduce the lethality rate, shorten the duration of hospitalisation and promote early rehabilitation.
Complication rate of long bone fractures treated by early stable internal and trans-osseous osteosynthesis
Authors: Faddeev D. I.
Published: July 2022

Complications occurring in 94 (24.1%) of 390 operative osteisynthesis were analysed. There were 284 patients with composite (115) and combined fractures of long bones. Complications occurred during recovery in 54 (23.6%) cases of transosseous osteosynthesis and in 40 (24.8%) cases of internal osteosynthesis. Intra-operative complications occurred in 4 cases due to technical errors, e.g. further comminution or vascular injury. Postoperative complications occurred in 7 cases due to inappropriate choice of fixation device, e.g. loss of reduction or fication failure. Postoperative infections predominantly involved the femur and tibia (60.6%). The final outcome was not influenced by local pin tract infection involving either skin, bone or both. There were 15 cases with general complications, e.g. pneumonia, thromboembolism, and decubiti; and 12 with local complications, e.g. toxidermia and marginal wound necrosis. All general complications were associated with restricted patient mobility and were observed 3 times more frequently (6.2%) with internal osteosynthesis than with transosseous osteosynthesis (2.2%). Careful attention to technique will help minimize the complication rate of osteosynthesis.
Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
Authors: Lazishvili G. D. , Kuzmenko V. V. , Girshin S. G. , Dubrov V. E. , Grishin S. M. , Novikov O. E.
Published: July 2022

Arthroscopic transtibial ACL reconstruction has been frequently employed (38 cases) in our clinic practice since 1994. Details of the operative technique, special surgical instruments, post-opetative management and rehabilitation are described. Of all available grafts, we prefer free autografts from the middle third of the contralateral patellar ligament, with bone blocks at both ends (bone-tendon-bone). Our experience confirms the advatages of intracanal fixation with interference screws over the methods. Long term follow-up was available in 33 of the 38 patients, of which 32 had good or excellent results and one with an unsatisfactory outcome. This method can be recommended for the patient with an ACL deficient knee.
Biomechanics of «Femur-Bliskunov’s distractor» system in various osteotomies
Authors: Leikin M. G. , Bliskunov A. I. , Dzhumabekov S. A.
Published: July 2022

Bimechanical models of force interaction in femurBliskunovs distractor system, biomechanical basis of various osteotomies (transverse, oblique, oblique transverse, Z-shape, Z-shape oblique) quantitative evaluation of osteotomy firmness parameters are done. The majority of osteotomies was performed with special device on the side of bone canal. Thirteen years experience of lengthening of 213 femurs (187 patients) confirms the calculated parameters. The authors prefer the Z-shape oblique osteotomy.
Fixation of the endoprosthesis stem with muracito cortical bone allograft
Authors: Marin I. M. , Startsun V. K. , Startsun V. V.
Published: July 2022

Endoprosthesis replacement of the femoral head for neck fractures in elderly and senile patients is the method of choice [1]. However, when using it, a number of significant factors should be taken into account. Bone tissue in this category of patients, as a rule, is porotic and characterized by increased fragility, the medullary canal is significantly expanded. Therefore, after the operation and subsequently, loosening of the endoprosthesis often occurs with all the ensuing consequences, such as pain, swelling of the limb, instability in the hip joint, inflammation, paraarticular calcifications. To ensure stable fixation of the endoprosthesis stem in the medullary canal of the femur, special cement, fragmented spongy auto- or allogeneic bone, hydroxyapatite glue, etc. are used [26]. However, these measures do not exclude the occurrence of a suppurative process, the development of micromobility, loosening and instability of the endoprosthesis.
Arthroscopy of the knee joint (according to the materials of the traumatology department of the medical and sanitary unit of Zheleznogorsk)
Authors: Volkov S. G. , Yavlinsky O. N. , Zachinyaev V. N. , Zinchenko V. M. , Krivolapov A. N. , Kurkin S. M.
Published: July 2022

During the period from April 1992 to 1994 inclusive, operations using arthroscopic technique were performed on 50 patients in the traumatology department of the medical unit of Zheleznogorsk. Diagnostic and operative arthroscopy was performed using the Karl Storz device in the operating room, in full compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis. According to the indications, spinal anesthesia, intravenous or (in some cases) endotracheal anesthesia were used.
Surgical treatment of injuries and diseases of the spine using the steffee and luque systems
Authors: Vetrila S. T. , Kuleshov A. A.
Published: July 2022

The experience of treatment using the Steffee transpedicular system and the Luque sublaminar system in 33 patients with spinal fractures (20), spondylolisthesis (11), spinal tuberculosis (1) and cauda equina root cavernous angioma (1) is presented. The indications for various types of operations for traumatic injuries and diseases of the spine are substantiated, depending on clinical neurological manifestations and data from special research methods (X-ray, myelography, computed and magnetic resonance imaging). Schemes of operations are given. It has been shown that the use of the Steffee and Luque systems in combination with adequate neuroorthopedic correction makes it possible to eliminate various types of spinal deformities, provides rigid fixation of it, creating an opportunity for early activation and rehabilitation treatment of patients.
Surgical treatment of uncomplicated instable injuries of lower thoracic and lumbar spine.
Authors: Azizov M. Z. , Shotursunov S. S.
Published: July 2022

In 87 patients with uncomplicated instable injuries of lower thoracic and lumbar spine the examination data and results of surgical treatment were assessed. Autopsy data were analyzed in 17 patients who were lost due to severe concomitant and multiple injuries. According to clinical manifestations, anatomic and radiologic data the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) victims with injuries of bone structures only; 2) victims with injuries of bone structures of the posterior supporting complex only; 3) victims with simultaneous injuries of the anterior and posterior supporting complexes. In every group the treatment was based on the peculiarities of the anatomic injuries and included the prevention of secondary complications. Authors consider that the posterior fusion with bone plasty is well justified in compression fractures but puncture method and posterior fixation by metallic devices are preferable in burst fractures. Long term good results were achieved in 67 victims (77%), satisfactory results - in 18 victims (22%) and unsatisfactory results - in 2 victims.
Discography in lumbar scheuermann’s disease
Authors: Korzh N. A. , Gruntovskiy G. K. , Kolesnichenko V. A.
Published: July 2022

Between 1988 and 1996 102 patients with Scheuermanns disease were observed in Kharkov Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology named after M.I. Sitenko. In 40 of those patients (5 women,35 men), aged 16-30, discography was carried out including functional discography in 17 patients. Discography was performed by generally accepted method. On the base of data obtained the classification of discogram types in lumbar Scheuermanns disease is suggested: I. Intradiscal type of contrast matter disposition: 1) intradiscal displacement of nucleus pulposus; 2) protrusion of intervertebral disc; 3)hernia of intervertebral disc; 4) protrusion of the end-plate of the vertebral body - it is one of the specific discographic signs of lumbar Scheuermanns disease and is characterized by slight degeneration of nucleus pulposus. II. Transdiscal type of contrast matter disposition - it is specific for lumbar Scheuermanns disease and reflects the degeneration of the intervertebral disc: 1) extralaminar type (it was observed in segments with the anterior ring apophysis separation and was characterized by the prolapse of nucleus pulposus between the anterior ring apophysis and anterior vertebral body angle. 2) translaminar type (it was observed when contrast matter penetrated into the underlying vertebral body structures through the damaged end-plate. Authors reach the conclusion that in some cases discography is the most preferable method to examine the functional and structural state of the intervertebral disc.
Treatment of intervertebral disc hernia in lumbar spine
Authors: Musalatov K. A. , Aganesov A. G. , Shulyak Y. A. , Pestereva L. F. , Khoreva N. E.
Published: July 2022

Four hundred fourteen cases of surgical treatment (microdiskectomy) of patients with lumbar disk herniation were analyzed. MR and CT data were studied. Authors consider that in patients with radicular syndrome prolonged conservative treatment including physiotherapy and traction causes changes in yellow and posterior longitudinal ligaments, their hypertrophy, ossification. These changes aggravate both spinal stenosis in the zone of disk herniation and radicular syndrome. When performing diskectomy these changes are to be taken into account and the main procedure should be added by the resection of the ligaments subjected to degenerative changes. Surgical treatment is indicated to all patients with severe radicular syndrome independently of the disease duration.
Comparative characteristics of radiologic methods for the evaluation of thoracic kyphosis in children
Authors: Zaretskov V. V. , Artem’eva I. A.
Published: July 2022

Significance of radiometric methods for the assessment of thoracic kyphosis was studied in 100 children with degenerative-dystrophic spine pathology and in 50 healthy children. It was shown that in disturbances of the vertebral body shape the routine methods of examination had significant errors. Proposed original method for the measurement of kyphotic deformity by the posterior bone structures allows to avoid such mistakes. Results of the evaluation of kyphosis degree using this method do not greatly differ from the data obtained by Fergusons method which is considered to be the more accurate one. The proposed method can be used side by side with the other generally accepted methods as well as for the elaboration of the pathologic kyphosis classification.
Diagnosis of spinal tumors
Authors: Pashkevich L. A. , Voronovich I. R.
Published: July 2022

A comparative analysis of the results was carried out at the Belarusian NIITO. Spinal tumors account for 12-18% of all skeletal neoplasms. Their diagnosis is extremely difficult, especially in the early stages. This is due to the polymorphism and vagueness of the clinical manifestations of spinal tumors in the initial period of the development of the process, with the variety of pathologies encountered. According to various authors, the frequency of diagnostic errors reaches 80%, their consequence is an increase in the number of neglected cases, inadequate treatment, which promotes tumor growth.
Tuberculosis of the cervical spine
Authors: Kolesov V. V.
Published: July 2022

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the spine remain an urgent problem in orthopedics and represent a certain difficulty for diagnosis and treatment [1,3,5,6,13,16,25,30,33]. The cervical spine is a rare localization of osteoarticular tuberculosis: according to different authors, its share in the structure of tuberculous spondylitis ranges from 2.5 to 6% [4,7,8,19,24,27]. Currently, there is an increase in atypical forms of tuberculous spondylitis of the cervical region, which is manifested by the monovertebral nature of the lesion [2,16, etc.]. The reasons for this lie in the change in the reactivity of macro- and microorganisms, the features of the age structure of the sick, the widespread use of antibacterial drugs, etc. According to Ahmadi et al. [16], out of 11 patients with spinal tuberculosis observed by them, 5 had data on the basis of which it was more likely to assume a neoplasm than an infectious process, including radiologically detected monovertebral destruction of the cervical vertebrae.
Normal ultrasonographic picture of the tendons of the hand
Authors: Kuzmenko V. V. , Korshunov V. F. , Eskin N. A. , Maediev D. A. , Chukovskaya I. G.
Published: July 2022

The potentialities of ultrasonography for the imaging of wrist tendons is shown. Normal sonographic appearance of flexor wrist tendons as well as extensor wrist tendons is given in longitudinal and transverse scanning. The causes of artifacts have been analysed and the methods for their elimination are given. Elaborated protocol and technique of ultrasonographic investigation of wrist tendon at rest and in dynamics under real time condition are presented.
Treatment of limb fractures in children with multiple and concomitant injuries
Authors: Khodjanov I. Yu. , Khodzhaev R. R.
Published: July 2022

Experience in treatment of bone fractures in 105 patients with multiple and concomitant traumata is presented. There were 228 limb bones fractures. In 64 patients (61 %) conservative treatment including closed reposition, plaster immobolization, skeletal traction was used. Forty one patients (39%) were treated surgically, mainly by extrafocal osteosynthesis with external rod fixatives elaborated in our clinic. In the majority of patients (72%)) osteosynthesis was performed within the period from 4 to 7 days after trauma. In patients with crus and femur fractures the surgical treatment efficacy (by 100 points scale) for femur fractures was 37.9%), for crus fractures - 48.2%). In cases of combination of shoulder and forearm fractures the surgical efficacy treatment was 41.8%o and 42.3%o, respectively. In patients with unilateral femur and crus fractures the efficacy of treatment using rod fixatives made up 47.2%o. Efficacy was higher in all cases of extrafocal osteosynthesis as compared with traditional methods of treatment.
The use of electrochemically activated solutions in the traumatology and orthopedic clinic
Authors: Melnikova V. M. , Loktionova N. V. , Samkov A. S. , Okropiridze G. G. , Belikov T. P. , Bahir V. M. , Sukhova O. I. , Panicheva S.A A.
Published: July 2022

During some years at clinical departments and laboratories of CITO electrochemically activated solutions are used for disinfection and sterilization. These solutions are synthesized in apparatus STEL10N1201 (katalytic neutral anolyte). Results obtained are promising for the prevention of intrahospital infections. Practically no other disinfectants are used at the hospital.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of the consequences of trauma of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Epifanov V. A. , Epifanov A. V.
Published: July 2022

In the most general form, the main factors of traumatic disease can be represented as follows (Scheme 1): the traumatic factor acts on organs and tissues, causing their damage. As a result of this, the cells are destroyed and their contents are released into the intercellular environment; other cells are exposed to concussion, as a result of which their metabolism and their inherent functions are disturbed. Primarily (as a result of the action of a traumatic factor) and secondarily (due to a change in the tissue environment), numerous receptors in the wound are irritated, which is subjectively perceived as pain, and objectively characterized by numerous reactions of organs and systems.
Zagidulla Ismailovich Urazgildeev
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2022

January 1, 2001 marked the 60th anniversary of Z.I. Urazgildeev - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of the Consequences of Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System and Purulent Complications of the Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after I.I. N.N. Priorov.
The higher resting heart rate in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients compared to healthy controls: relation with stroke volumes.
Authors: Campen Linda , Visser Frans
Published: July 2022

Introduction: In patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) a higher-than-normal resting heart rate has been reported in a number of studies. As heart rate is linked to stroke volume, the present study explored the relationship between the supine heart rate and stroke volume index in healthy controls and in ME/CFS patients. Moreover, as patients with a postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) during tilt testing, have a higher supine heart rate than patients with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response during tilting, these two patient groups were also compared. Methods and results: From a database of individuals who had undergone tilt-testing, including supine Doppler measurements for stroke volume index calculation, we selected ME/CFS patients and healthy controls without evidence of hypotension or syncope. 474 ME/CFS patients were analyzed, 314 with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response and 160 with POTS during tilt-testing, and 56 healthy controls. Resting stroke volume indices were similar between the 3 groups. All 3 groups had an inverse relation between the resting stroke volume index and resting heart rate (all p<0.0001). The slope of the relation was not significantly different between the 3 groups. Using the upper limit of the 95% prediction interval for the heart rate of healthy controls, 46 (15%) of patients with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response had a resting heart rate above the upper limit, 248 (85%) a heart rate between the upper and lower limit. In 47 (29%) patients developing POTS the resting heart rate was above the upper limit, and in 113 (71%) patients within the upper limit and lower limit. This distribution was significantly different between the two patient groups (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Patients and healthy controls showed a significant and inverse relation between the SVI and heart rate at rest. Already at rest heart rate in patients developing POTS during tilt-testing were higher compared to the patients with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response per unit of SVI, but the heart rate of the majority of all patients fell within the limits of normal of healthy controls. The difference of patients with heart rate above the upper limit versus between the upper limit and lower limit deserves further investigation and may have therapeutic implications.
Studi Literatur: Pengembangan Biogasoline dengan Pemanfaatan Arak Bali Sebagai Bahan Bakar Kendaraan Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Purnayasa Komang , Putra Adnyana Ngurah Putu , Wiratmaja I Gede
Published: July 2022

The use of biogasoline from Bali wine as a fuel additive in gasoline from fossil energy sources gets a lot of severe problems, especially to make biogasoline products as an alternative fuel that is able to stand alone as the main fuel in Indonesia in the future. This article is in the making based on the results of literature studies by conducting an analysis process on various sources of pre-existing articles. This literature study is processed in various ways such as reviewing the results of previous research on the use of Balinese wine as one of the energy-friendly fossil fuel substitutes. From this literature study obtained the advantages of an engine working umjuk, namely the use of biogasoline from Balinese wine to variations in compression ratio the greater the acceleration produced is also increasing which makes the combustion of the table better, and also the use of fuel becomes more efficient. The use of biogasoline fuel additives from Bali wine against exhaust emissions in the form of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) gases decreased. Then in terms of raw materials, it is feared that there is competition between the availability of food raw materials (the manufacture of brown sugar and ant sugar). One solution so that ethanol from Balinese wine in pure biogasoline that can be used as fuel is with adsorbed type treatment and immersion time and interaction are very influential on the quality of biogasoline concentration and percentage value increase in biogasoline concentration when in the dehydration process.
Simulasi Numerik Kapal Katamaran Pendeteksi Kedalaman Banjir Menggunakan Software Maxsurf Untuk Mencari Resistance
Authors: Anugrah Rinasa Agistya , Awwaludien Al-Fath Muhammad Panji
Published: July 2022

Indonesia is a country prone to natural disasters, one of the most frequent natural disasters is flooding. when there is a flood in an area, it is necessary to measure the depth of the flood, this serves to reduce the occurrence of accidents when a flood occurs. To reduce this risk, a vessel that measures flood depths is designed using a catamaran hull, then the design results will be simulated using the software. Design and numerical simulation in this study using Maxsurf software. The trial and error method is used to determine the size of the ship. By using Maxsurf software, several parameters can be known including resistance, power, and displacement. In the calculation of the resistance in this study using the Holtrop method, the ship's speed has variations with speed (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5). The design of the ship with a displacement of 1,665 kg, obtained the main size of the ship Length: 60 cm; Breadth: 30 cm; Depth:15 cm; Draft: 6 cm. Based on the results of the numerical simulation, the resistance with a speed of 0.5 m/s gets 0.46 N, 1 m/s gets 1.6 N, 1.5 m/s gets 3.18 N, 2 m/s gets 4.92 N, and 2.5 m/s get 6.89 N From the results obtained the graph will form a linear trend. Thus the speed of the ship will affect the resulting resistance. The higher the speed of the ship, the greater the resulting resistance.
Analisis Pembuatan Bahan Bakar dari Pirolisis Thermal dan Katalitik Limbah Plastik Low Density Polyethylene
Authors: Susilo Gunawan Budi , Teja Kusuma Trio Yonathan
Published: July 2022

Increasing global warming due to the uncontrolled use of fossil fuels has resulted in climate change which is currently a worldwide concern. Various efforts to use alternative energy have been made to overcome these problems, one of which is Pyrolysis technology to convert solid plastic waste into liquid fuel. Pyrolysis is a heating process, or the working principle is the same as distilling a raw material particle that will change shape from a solid to a gas and then passing through a condenser tube to cool down so that the steam will turn into a liquid. This process generally takes place at temperatures between 500-800°C. The pyrolysis process occurs with the help of heating from LPG gas. From the data obtained, further testing can be carried out on the physical and chemical properties of the pyrolysis oil to determine its characteristics. The physical properties tested included density and viscosity, while the chemical properties tested were the calorific value of the plastic pyrolysis process. The next step is to test the pyrolysis oil using WBT (Water Boiling Test) to determine the performance of the oil stove with pyrolysis oil as fuel. From the results of the efficiency of the stove from the pyrolysis of plastic oil, it is known that the largest input energy (Qin) is obtained in the pyrolysis oil without a catalyst in the first condenser of 2375,291 watts. The result of sensible heat (SH) of the most significant pyrolysis oil sample from pyrolysis without a catalyst in condenser one is 125.4 watts. The highest latent heat value was found in the pyrolysis of natural zeolite catalyst in condenser three at 231.752 watts, while the highest thermal efficiency value of pyrolysis using natural zeolite catalyst in condenser one was 28.39%. Natural zeolite catalysts reduce the liquid and solid products but increase gas products. The catalysts from pyrolysis oil have a darker color than without a catalyst. The cause is the reaction of the catalyst during the pyrolysis process.
Optimasi Desain gating system dan riser pada Pengecoran Produk Blok Silinder Modifikasi untuk Motor Bensin 4 Langkah
Authors: Sidharta Bambang Wahyu , Lestari Nidia , Yudha Venditias , Wahyudi Eko
Published: July 2022

The growth of the automotive industry has made the market demand for motor vehicle spare parts soar, especially motorcycles, including the demand for cylinder blocks. Procedure of this research was carried out to analyze the product of 4 stroke motor cylinder block castings, which include; manufacture of casting product designs, manufacture of gating systems and riser systems. Results and Discussion based on the results of the shrinkage simulation test that has been carried out through the type of sand casting casting with the casting material, namely FCD-600-3 cast iron (1290oC) and the impression material used is silica sand (20oC) with a gravity casting type of casting, it can be concluded  that the results of design testing 1 (one) obtained a filling velocity of 1.111 m/s, with a filling time of 3.8 seconds and a required solidification time of 6 minutes.  In design 1 (one) there is a shrinkage defect due to shrinkage located on the sprue and riser of 0.336%.  While the test results from design 2 (two) obtained a filling velocity of 1.09 m/s, with a filling time of 3.9 seconds and a required solidification time of 5 minutes.  In design 2 (two) there is a shrinkage defect due to shrinkage located on the riser and in the cast product of 0.404%.  The conclusion of the test results on both designs, it was found that design 1 (one) is the most optimal design for cylinder block casting planning.
The structure and mechanical properties of biomedical magnesium alloy Mg–1%Zn–0.2%Ca
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Khudododova G. D. , Kulyasova O. B. ,   Bashkir State University, Nafikov R. K. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Islamgaliev R. K. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Published: July 2022

It is known, that magnesium-based alloys are the appropriate materials to be used as biodegradable metals to produce new-generation medical implants. Magnesium can decompose in the human body during the healing process. If dissolution is controlled, there is no need in additional operation for implant removal after healing completion. Particularly, Mg-Zn-Ca alloys are considered the most appropriate biodegradable metal implants due to their biocompatibility. In the Mg-Zn-Ca alloys, the addition of Zn and Ca as alloying elements can improve the mechanical properties and increase the corrosion resistance compared to pure Mg without affecting biocompatibility. The work covers the study of the structure and mechanical properties of the magnesium Mg-1%Zn-0.2%Ca alloy after severe plastic deformation (SPD). The research of the structure was carried out using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The study of mechanical properties was carried out by measuring microhardness and tension tests. The study shows that applying the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method and additional treatment with the severe plastic deformation (SPD) method to the Mg–1%Zn–0.2%Ca alloy leads to the formation of the ultra-fine grain (UFG) structure with the average grain size of less than 1 micron. The authors identified that, as a result of strong refinement of the magnesium alloy grain structure, the ultimate strength increases twice up to 283 MPa compared to the homogenized state, when the ultimate strength is 125 MPa. At the same time, in the UFG state, the plasticity significantly decreases up to 3 %.
The comparative analysis of change in the structure and properties of Al–Si system alloys exposed to electroexplosive alloying
Authors:   Siberian State Industrial University, Shlyarova Yu. A. , Zagulyaev D. V. ,   Siberian State Industrial University, Gromov V. E. ,   Siberian State Industrial University
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the comparative analysis of the structure and mechanical properties (microhardness) of the surface layers of the hypoeutectic Al–11Si alloy and hypereutectic Al–20Si alloy exposed to electroexplosive alloying (treatment mode: aluminum foil mass is 58.9 mg; Y2O3 powder mass is 88.3 mg; the discharge voltage is 2.6 kV). During the research, the authors identified that the Al–11Si alloy initial structure mainly consists of the Al solid solution grains. Eutectic grains are located along the grain boundaries and at the joints of aluminum grain boundaries. In the Al–11Si alloy, the aluminum grain size varies from 25 μm to 100 μm, and the Al–Si eutectic grain size varies within 10–30 μm. The hypereutectic composition Al–20Si alloy in the initial state is characterized by the presence of primary silicon inclusions predominantly of a plate-like shape. The sizes of these inclusions reach 120 μm. After electroexplosive alloying, in the Al–11Si alloy, the author identified the formation of a multilayer structure consisting of a highly-porous coating irregular in thickness, a liquid-phase alloying layer, and a heat-affected layer. The modified layer thickness for the Al–11Si alloy varies in the range of 33–60 μm, and for the Al–20Si alloy, the modified layer thickness varies within 20–100 μm. The microhardness value of the initial hypoeutectic Al–11Si alloy was 64 HV 0.05, for the hypereutectic Al–20Si alloy – 71 HV 0.05. It can be noted that the microhardness of the Al–11Si alloy surface layer exceeds the initial material microhardness more than 2.5 times. In the Al–20Si alloy, the surface layer microhardness exceeds the one of the initial material more than twice. With the increase of the distance from the modification surface, the microhardness decreases and reaches the initial alloy value at the depth of ≈90 μm.
Nucleation and growth of fullerenes and nanotubes having three-fold T-symmetry
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Melker A. I. , Krupina M. A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Matvienko A. N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: July 2022

According to the periodic system of fullerenes, all the fullerenes can be classified into the groups having different symmetry. It is supposed that the fullerenes of one and the same symmetry have similar properties. Before the appearance of the periodic system in 2017 the fullerenes were chosen for study at a random way that instead of ordering the results only increased information entropy. We have studied possible ways of generation and growing the fullerenes, which refer to the group having three-fold T-symmetry. Beginning with cyclopropane C3H6 producing clusters C6, we have obtained elementary fullerenes C6 as well as mini-fullerenes C12, which in their turn have produced the fullerenes from C18 to C48, perfect and imperfect, as well as nanotubes. The basic perfect fullerenes C18, C24, C30, C36, C42 and C48 have the ordinary three-fold symmetry, the intermediate ones having no such symmetry. Their imperfection is connected with extra ‘interstitial’ or carbon dimers, the dimers playing the role of defects. One can define the imperfect fullerenes with defects as the fullerenes having topological three-fold symmetry. We have calculated their shape and energies using Avogadro package and discussed possible reasons of their dependence on a fullerene size and shape. We have found that the fullerenes can be divided into two groups, alive that can grow, and dead which are impotent. Taking into account the results obtained early, allows us to make predictions that the dead fullerenes C24R, C32R, C40R and C48R of three-, four-, five- and six-fold symmetry have the most chance to be found experimentally with comparison of their isomers.
Identification of deformations of cylindrical specimens by optical method using the technique of digital image correlation
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Rastorguev D. A. , Semenov K. O. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2022

A provision of location tolerances and their retention in the postoperative period is one of the main hard-hitting process tasks when producing long-length low-rigidity shaft-type parts. Mixed treatment – tensile straightening or thermal-power treatment is one of the technological methods intended to provide this group of geometrical indicators, including axle linearity. The efficiency improvement of this technology is impossible without knowing the features of the formation of plastic deformations distribution along the length of long-length blank parts. The paper considers the application of an optical method for controlling deformation on the surface using the method of digital image correlation at axial deformation of cylindrical parts. The work describes an experimental device for optic control of deformations when loading a specimen using digital cameras. The authors studied the influence of various modes of paint deposition to a sample (deposition rate, distance, deposition mode – continuous or pulsed) on the features of a produced speckle in the form of random distribution of mixed-size paint spots over the specimen surface; obtained histograms of the intensity distribution of various speckles. The authors carried out the experiments to identify deformations based on the technology of the local gradient digital image correlation method for the specimens of polymer tubes with different speckle types. The study identified the distribution of the deformation over the length of samples within the deformable area selected for analysis with the specified degree of smoothing provided by choice of correlation kernel size and the choice of its displacement step for fixing deformation processes with a precise error. The authors obtained distributions of axial deformations along the length of specimens and errors of deformations determination depending on a speckle nature. The study specifies necessary speckle parameters ensuring minimal error for long-length samples up to 200 mm in length and appropriate technology for paint depositing. It is a speckle with a wide range of spot sizes rarefied with their locations and the Gaussian filter image smoothing before the analysis.