bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Математичне моделювання деформації поверхневого шару матеріалу деталі при оздоблювально-зачищувальній обробці металевими кульками на операції віброполірування
Authors: Міцик А.В.
Published: October 2022

Відзначено, що на операціях віброполірування у якості робочого середовища використовуються металеві поліровані кульки діаметром 4...6 мм, виконані для шарикопідшипникової промисловості зі сталі ШХ15. Описано сутність операції віброполірування та зазначено, що на поверхневому шарі оброблюваної деталі створюється ефект наклепу. Відзначено, що для створення наклепу широко застосовуються такі технологічні способи, як обдування дробом, карбування та ін., в яких використовуються металеві поліровані кульки, твердість яких значно перевищує твердість матеріалу оброблюваної деталі. Відомо, що наклеп утворюється при пластичній деформації поверхневого шару матеріалу деталі. Пластична контактна задача на практиці віброобробки вирішена ще неповністю, хоча отримано її часткові рішення. Метою статті є спроба визначення деформованого стану в зоні деформації за умови пластичного контакту металевої кульки робочого середовища та поверхні оброблюваної деталі. Розроблено математичну модель визначення деформації поверхневого шару матеріалу деталі. Дослідження деформації умовно прийняті у циліндричній системі координат. Поставлене завдання вирішується з використанням загальних рівнянь механіки суцільних середовищ та поля швидкостей переміщень. За розмірами пластичного відбитка знайдено глибину наклепу. Також за допомогою методу лінії ковзання, без урахування сил тертя, встановлено зону поширення деформації у радіальному напрямку. Встановлено поле швидкостей течії металу в зоні деформації. Визначено швидкості деформації, а також встановлено інтенсивність цих швидкостей під час деформації в металі оброблюваної деталі. Прийнято, що область деформації змінюється у просторі та часі. Встановлено, що час початку деформації для кожної точки поверхні оброблюваної деталі матиме значення. Доведено, що вогнище деформації можна обмежити еліптичною поверхнею. Отримано вираз у циліндричних координатах, що дозволяє визначити інтенсивність деформації поверхні оброблюваної деталі металевими кульками у будь-який момент часу циклу операції вібраційної оздоблювально-зачищувальної обробки.
Розрахунок дотичної напруги при нестаціонарному рідинному терті
Authors: Соколов В.І. , Батурін Є.О. , Чернікова О.М.
Published: October 2022

Важливим параметром у розрахунках гідромеханічних процесів є сила в'язкого рідинного тертя, яка характеризується дотичною напругою, що виникає в робочому середовищі, яке стикається з поверхнею рухомого елемента виконавчого, регулюючого, розподільного або допоміжного гідравлічного пристрою. За наявності зазору між поверхнями елементів дотичні напруги виникають при відносному русі цих поверхонь і руху середовища під впливом перепаду тиску.Традиційні підходи до побудови математичних моделей нестаціонарних гідромеханічних процесів здебільшого засновані на тому, що реальні потоки замінюються послідовністю змінних в часі потоків з квазістаціонарним розподілом гідродинамічних величин по живому перетину. Це дозволяє вводити до розрахунку коефіцієнти та характеристики, які отримані для стаціонарних потоків. Насправді структура нестаціонарної течії відрізняється від квазістаціонарної, причому не завжди відомо, як і за яких умов така відмінність може вплинути на зміну гідродинамічних характеристик.Тому розглянуто нестаціонарний плоский ламінарний рух нестисливої рідини у зазорі між рухомим та нерухомим елементами в декартовій системі координат. Рішення рівняння руху в частинних похідних виконано із застосуванням перетворення Лапласа. В операторній формі отримана залежність для дотичної напруги при нестаціонарному рідинному терті. Визначено передавальні функції для дотичної напруги по швидкості рухомого елемента та градієнту тиску. На основі аналізу амплітудно-частотних характеристик встановлені границі квазістаціонарного підходу для розрахунку сил нестаціонарного в'язкого тертя на рухомих елементах гідравлічних пристроїв. Отримано апроксимаційні передавальні функції для нестаціонарної дотичної напруги, що дозволяють встановити зв'язок між оригіналами у вигляді звичайних лінійних диференціальних рівнянь. Запропоновано залежність для дотичної напруги при нестаціонарному рідинному терті, яка враховує прискорення рухомої поверхні, що дозволяє підвищити точність розрахунку динамічних характеристик гідравлічних систем.
Aналіз роботи терілок провального типу з вільнім перерізом до 25%
Authors: Тараненко Г.В.
Published: October 2022

В статті розглянута робота тарілок провального типу з вільним перерізом до 25 %.На гідродинамічні характеристики тарілок провального типу найбільше впливає їх вільний переріз.Тарілки дозволяють використовувати їх при роботі з забрудненими середовищами, так як прохід пари і рідини, через отвори що чергується, забезпечує їм дію, що самоочищує. розглянути гідродинамічні характеристики газорідинного шару на тарілці провального типу на основі рівняння Бернуллі в трьох перерізах. Перше, на рівні плато тарілки, друге – на рівні Н ≈ 0,1 м від плато тарілки та третє – на виході з газорідинного шару. Було встановлено, що є три режими роботи тарілок провального типу. При низьких витратах газу спостерігається режим змочування, коли відбувається контакт газу з рідиною, яка затримується на тарілці. При подальшому збільшенні витрати газу розвивається барботажний режим, у якому газ проходить через рідину, як окремі бульбашки. Відбувається збільшення висоти піни за рахунок рівномірного потоку газу через отвори тарілки. Ще більш велике збільшення витрат газу та рідини призводить до розвитку пінного режиму. Відзначено, що на тарілках провального типу можна виокремити три режими роботи: режим однорідного барботажного шару;режим рухомого газоридинного шару;режим руйнування газоридинного шару.У колонних з невеликим діаметром D = 0,057 і 0,15 м і звичайним вільним перерізом (f < 0,25) газорідинний шар при швидкості, що перевищує wmax, починає різко збільшуватися до його виходу через верх колони.У колоні промислового розміру D = 2 м, при збільшенні швидкості газу вище wmax, через частину рідини на тарілці газ взагалі не барботується, а через іншу частину тарілки газ проходить з більшою швидкістю, ніж середня швидкість, розрахована на повний переріз колони.Показана особливість роботи таких масообмінних тарілок на відміну від тарілок з великим вільним перерізом >30 %. Робота тарілок з вільним перерізом до 25 %, пов’язана з параметром Т, що являє собою відношення суми периметрів всіх отворів плато тарілки до її діаметра.
Фотоемісія з різних гранів монокристалів арсеніда галія
Authors: Черніков М.Г. , Чернікова І.Д. , Чернікова О.М. , Рибалко К.Д.
Published: October 2022

Відомо, що іноді розділи науки переживають періоди швидкого розвитку, зумовлені появою якісно нових ідей, аналітичних приладів для отримання експериментальних результатів, а також удосконалення методів вимірів. Яскравий тому приклад – оптична спектроскопія, яка з появою лазерних джерел світла значно змінилася. Поряд з інтенсивним розвитком класичних напрямів у науці виникли нові методи та додатки. Серед нових напрямів особливе місце займає статистичний та спектральний аналіз світлових полів за допомогою фотодетекторів – спектроскопія оптичного усунення. Експериментальні методи спектроскопії оптичного зміщення, зокрема дослідження статистики фотовідліків, викликали перед експериментаторами певні вимоги до ефективних фотоприймачів. У цій роботі розглядаються методи та способи отримання таких фотоприймачів і залежність роботи таких фотоприймачів від орієнтації граней поверхні монокристалу. Напівпровідникові з'єднання А3В5 у перспективі є найперспективнішими для подальшого докладного розгляду.У цьому відношенні арсенід галію є напівпровідниковим з'єднанням, утвореним елементами III і V груп періодичної системи – галієм Ga та миш'яком As. Арсенід галію є найближчим бінарним аналогом германію. Введенням відповідних домішок арсенід галію може бути отриманий з провідністю як n-типу, так і p-типу з різними концентраціями носіїв струму. Ця структура належить кристалографічного класу кубічної системи. Арсенід галію кристалізується в структурі цинкової обманки. Хімічний зв'язок в арсеніді галію ковалентний з деякою часткою іонності. Внаслідок наявності частки іонності кристали арсеніду галію розколюються лише вздовж площини Центру симетрії немає. Відсутність центру симетрії призводить до того, що в арсеніді галію у напрямках  з'являються полярні осі. З усього сказаного випливає великий інтерес до вивчення енергетичної структури монокристалу арсеніду галію з різних граней, і цейнапівпровідник, як обраний матеріал для дослідження, є одним з перспективних напівпровідникових кристалів у мікро- та нанотехнологіях. оскільки використовується при отриманні холодних катодів, катодів з негативною електронною спорідненістю, інфрачервоних приймачів електромагнітного випромінювання.
Recurrent Endometriosis : An Unknown Enemy
Authors: Devi T Ramani
Published: October 2022

Abstract not available

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 1-2
Relationship of Body Mass Index and Waist Hip Ratio with Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients
Authors: Hoque Asma , Aziz Rehana , Karmakar Pijush , Hossain Nadia , Hussain Farhad , Uddin Rafiq
Published: October 2022

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among young women. Insulin resistance is a key feature in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Obesity, which is frequently associated with PCOS women, seems to amplify the degree of insulin resistance. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship of insulin resistance with obesity in PCOS patients.

Materials and methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study comprising fifty (50) diagnosed PCOS patients aged between 20 and 40 years. This study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Chittagong Medical College (CMC) and inpatients, outpatient Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH). Samples were taken by non-probability purposive sampling. Results: The percentage of Insulin Resistance (IR) was 60% in this study. Mean age of PCOS patients was 30.6±0.65years. Obese PCOS patients with insulin resistance were 46% and overweight PCOS patients with IR were 48% in this study. There were also significant positive association of IR with increased BMI and waist hip ratio. Additionally 06% non-obese PCOS patients showed IR in this study cases.

Conclusions: This study suggested that abdominal obesity was a good predictor of IR among PCOS patients. So, waist circumference or waist hip ratio may be used as a screening tool for IR risk assessment among PCOS patients as an inexpensive, noninvasive and easy-to-detect marker. Hence early diagnosis and proper preventive management of these patients will reduce the reproductive complications.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 3-7
Profile of Road Traffic Accident Cases Attending in Combined Military Hospital Ramu, Cox’s Bazar
Authors: Ali ASM Zulfiquer
Published: October 2022

Background: A Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is any injury due to crashes originating from, terminating with or involving a vehicle partially or fully on a public road. It is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Road traffic accidents, injuries and fatalities are causing great concern to the community in Bangladesh. To find out the characteristics of road traffic accident cases attending in Combined Military Hospital Ramu, this research work was planned.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Ramu.All the road traffic accident victims attending at Medical Inspection room (MI Room) of CMH Ramu from April 2019 to September 2019 irrespective of age and sex . All the victims entered in the ‘special event statement register’. There were 119 Road Traffic Accident victims enlisted and selected by purposive type of sampling technique.

Results: Mean age of the respondents was 28.77 ± 5.14 years. Out of 119 respondents, majority (26.9%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. Among the victims, 99.2% were motorized accident. Majority (33.6%) were due to Bus or Minibus accident, 43.8% victims were motor vehicle passenger. The highest 49.6% victims were passenger, followed by 31.9% were pedestrian. Regarding pattern of injury, majority 39.5% victims sustained Laceration and Cut injury. Majority of the accident (50.9%) happened in the main road, 33.6% happened during Noon (1000-1400 hrs) time, followed by 27.7% at afternoon (1400-1800 hrs) time.

Conclusion: Among the victims, most of them were male and majority of them were within the active age group. Most of accidents by motorized vehicles by Bus or minibus. Pedestrians and motor vehicle passengers were most vulnerable. Cut injury and Laceration were the most common type of injury. Main roads were the commonest site and accident occurred more during the day.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 12-16
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates in Urine of the Children Suffering from UTI
Authors: Mawa Imranul , Mazumder Pranay Kumar , Barua Ripon , Roy Banani
Published: October 2022

Background : Use of antibiotics are important in the treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). However, the inappropriate use of antibiotics contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Urine culture is the most common and important laboratory test to isolate the microbial agents, their susceptibility pattern and subsequently helps in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial to treat the infection. To isolate and identify the bacterial agents in urine of children suffering from suspected urinary tract infection and determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern this research was performed.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, IAHS, Chattogram, Bangladesh from March 2019 and April 2020. Total 2100 urine specimens were collected from the children attended in IAHS Inpatients and Outpatients Department of pediatrics at BBMH with suspected urinary symptoms. Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done in all urine specimens in BBMH Microbiology laboratory. The isolated samples were classified according to their age, sex, microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibility. Patients were divided into different age groups which are 0-2, 2-6, 6-12 and 12-17 years.

Results: Out of total 2100 urine samples, 720 samples showed bacterial growth on culture. That revealed the prevalence of UTI among child about 34%. The most common isolated bacterial agents was Escherichia coli (68.01%), Klebsiellapneumoniae (19.86%), Klebsiellaoxytoca (3.34%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.23%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.95%). In the 0-2 years age group was significantly high in this group (p<0.05) in terms of infectious agents diversity and antibiotic resistance. Isolated bacterial agents shows resistance to ampicillin (70.2%), amoxicillin- clavulanate (49.0%), cefixime (38.2%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (37.1%). The frequency of UTIs were found more in girls (56.6%) than that of boys among 0-2 year age group.

Conclusion: In conclusion, ampicillin, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and TMP/SMX should not be empirically commenced. In order to avert a rapid resistance development that is closely associated with widespread and inappropriate antibiotic use, the use of random antibiotics should be avoided and particularly the 3rd generation cephalosporins should be used more selectively. Although our data reflect only the results of patients admitted to a single hospital, classification of pathogens and determination of resistance rates against oral and parenteral antibiotics make this study valuable as it assesses the resistance patterns in the patients.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 17-23
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Underwent Frozen Section Biopsy of Ovarian Masses in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Ismat , Akhter Salma , Begum Shamim Ara , Begum Syeda Humaira , Haque Mohammad Azizul , Begum Ayesha
Published: October 2022

Background: Women with suspected early-stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. Frozen section is an important and helpful adjunct in the intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing frozen section biopsy in the diagnosis of ovarian malignancies.

Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included 30 cases of ovarian masses from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from March 2014 to August 2014. Clinical feature, sonographic evaluation, CA-125, CA-19-9 and frozen section biopsy report were collected.

Results: The mean age was 35.6±12.4 years with range from 14 to 70 years. Frozen section biopsy was true positive in 6 cases and no false positive, 1 false negative and true negative in 23 cases compared to histopathology. Frozen section biopsy has sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive and negative predictive values were respectively, 85.7%, 100.0%, 96.7%, 100.0% and 95.8% in evaluation of ovarian masses.

Conclusion: The histopathological diagnosis of the present study significantly correlated well with frozen section biopsy findings and the validity tests are almost identical as observed by many investigators.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 32-35
Frequency of Skip Metastasis to the Cervical Lymph Nodes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: David Arnob Barua , Rahman Quazi Billur , Uddin Md Wares , Chakma Himel , Talukdhar Sajib Kumar , Siddique Mohiul Alam , Uddin Mohammed Kamal
Published: October 2022

Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) commonly spreads across regional lymph nodes. Presence or lack of metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes is an essential prognostic factor. The regional metastatic pattern to the cervical lymph nodes is defined as the orderly involvement of the successive anatomical lymph node levels. When the sequential order of involvement is lost and metastases are found at a lower level without involving the first echelon nodes or groups of intermediate nodes, then it is called skip metastases. Knowledge of Skip metastases will allow patients to prevent from receiving under and overt therapy. Current treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma is primary resection followed by elective/therapeutic neck dissection. Regarding neck dissection, there is a dilemma that up to which level should be performed. Some prefer up to level III and some prefer up to level IV based on evidence of skip metastasis to level IV. This study conducted to find out the frequency of skip metastasis and its pattern according to the site, size and grading of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study performed in between August 2018 to September 2019 among 58 patients having histologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, buccal mucosa and retro molar trigone undergoing elective and therapeutic neck dissection. Cervical lymph nodes along with fibro-fatty tissue from patients underwent neck dissection except super selective neck dissection were fixed with 10% formalin in separate containers. The containers were marked with nodal level and sent to pathology department for histopathological examination.

Results: Out of 58 patients, 32 (55.2%) had cervical nodal metastasis on postoperative histopathology report, 26 (44.8%) patients had no nodal metastasis and 7 (12.1%) developed skip metastasis. Oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue was found to be the most frequent site to develop skip metastasis to the cervical lymph node. Also, skip metastases were relatively higher in greater tumour grading and T-stages.

Conclusion: Chances of skip metastasis should be considered during treatment planning, especially for oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. For the majority of cases with N0 neck, elective neck dissection up to level III should be performed. In case of carcinoma of Tongue, high-grade tumour and advanced T-stages, elective neck dissection should be performed up to level IV.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 36-40
Pattern of Presentation and Outcome in Dengue Fever in Hospitalized Children in A Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Anne Rifat Taher , Shafatujjahan - , Hasnat Ferdousi , Rahman Chowdhury Mohammad Mahmudur
Published: October 2022

Background : A large number of people are becoming infected with dengue fever, which is a mosquito borne viral disease. It is mostly self-limiting, but complications can result with significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of cases, with the majority of the population being children. There is scarcity of data regarding dengue in children in our country. Hence, to evaluate, the clinical and laboratory profile of Dengue Fever (DF) among the children and their outcome was aim of this research work.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational study, performed among the serologically confirmed dengue virus infected 200 children, admitted in Department of Paediatrics, Kurmitola General Hospital (KGH) Dhaka from April 2019 to December 2021. Clinical and laboratory indicators were documented daily in the study cases, and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 25.

Result: Out of the 200 cases, 100 patients (50 percent) had classical DF, 61 patients (30.5 percent) had Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) while 39 patients (19.5 percent) had Dengue Shock Syndrome(DSS). Mean age of patients were 5.8±3.6 years, male predominance. Most patients belong to urban area and middle socioeconomic background. Gastrointestinal symptoms were more prevalent in DHF patients. Most of the patients had thrombocytopenia and raised hematocrit. Thrombocytopenia, an elevated Hematocrit (hct) an elevated hypertransaminesemia were all found to be statistically significant in DHF. 85% patients were treated with crystalloid and 14% with colloid, found excellent outcome with no death.

Conclusion: Dengue fever is a major health problem, with a wide range of symptoms, from mild and self-limiting to severe and fatal. Unrecognized manifestations include a wide range of symptoms spanning multiple organ systems. Doctors should be on the lookout for atypical signs and symptoms.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 41-45
Study of Pedicles in Dried Human Lumbar Vertebra : A Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Khair Rummana , Rahman Zohora Farhana , Jahan Ishrat , Alam Sultana Ruma
Published: October 2022

Background: In the dynamic part of the spinal column the lumbar vertebra are the largest vertebra that support the maximum body weight and exhibit the greatest degree of degenerative changes. Pedicles of the vertebra act as a port to perform procedures inside the bodies of the vertebra such as biopsies, vertebroplasties or kyphoplasties. Pedicle screw fixation is a technically demanding procedure. Accurate anatomical knowledge of the morphometry of vertebral pedicle are also important for preoperative procedure, planning and in the design and manufacture of pedicle screws. The objective of this study to observe the morphometry of lumbar pedicles to determine the size of the screw in transpedicular screw fixation on the perspective of Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted at Southern Medical College and Hospital in the Department of Anatomy on 65 dry adult human lumbar vertebra from December 2020 to May 2021. Width height of pedicle along with antero-posterior diameter of lateral recess (Depth) were observed by using digital Vernier Calipers and after recording data were analysed.

Results: The study shows that there is gradual increase in the mean width of the pedicles on both right and left side from L1 to L5. Mean height of the pedicle and antero-posterior diameter of lateral recess both showed decrease at the level of L3 both on the right and left side. Conclusions: The measured data will give a gross measurement of pedicle of lumbar vertebra on Bangladeshi people, hope to provide the clinicians a better support during working with pedicles.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 51-54
Coverage of COVID-19 Vaccination at Rural Chattogram
Authors: Asadullah Dewan , Sikder Nabila
Published: October 2022

Background: An outbreak of a COVID-19 pandemic disease, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has posed a serious threat to global human health. Bangladesh has also come under the attack of this viral disease. This work aimed to explore the educational status, the age group status, the socio-economic status, age and gender predisposition to COVID-19 vaccination program and to assess the knowledge, attitude vaccination status among the population of Anowara Upazilla, Chattogram and to identify the underlying causes associated with delayed and no vaccination and to find out the occurrence of adverse effect following immunization among the people.

Materials and methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample size was 136. It was selected by non-probability type of purposive sampling technique. Data were collected on 11th November, 2021 by face-to-face interview from the respondent with the help of a prepared mixed questionnaire.

Results: Among the respondents 59.56% population was immunized with COVID-19 vaccine and 40.44% population was not immunized with COVID-19 vaccine. 41.98% was male and 58.02% was female. Those who did not get vaccinated, the main reason was fear (About 36.36%).27.27% population didn't get vaccinated because they were lactating mother or pregnant women, 10.91% of population had no NID/no birth certificate, 14.54% of population registered for vaccination but didn't get the SMS and last but not the least about 10.91% population didn't get vaccinated due to other personal causes. The population who were vaccinated, among them 93.83% didn’t face any problem but 6.17% population faced some problem while getting vaccinated. Population who didn't get vaccinated, most of them were illiterate and of 18-27 years age group and those who were vaccinated of 28-37 years age group and literate.

Conclusion: The main reason is not to take vaccine is the fear and wrong information about vaccine. Literacy rate has an influence on vaccination. This study will help people to get knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination programme and it will encourage them to take vaccine soon that will help them to lead a healthy life.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 55-59
Comparative Study of Antigen Detection and Viral Nucleic Acid Assay for Early Detection of Dengue Infection
Authors: Nigar Syeda Mafruha , Ahmed Shakeeel , Karim Chowdhury AHM Saiful
Published: October 2022

Background : Differentiating dengue patients from other acute febrile illness patients is a great challenge among physicians. Thus early and rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infection is of top most importance. The present study was designed to establish an early and rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infection from single serum samples with comparison between two methods-antigen detection by Immunochromatographic test (ICT) and nucleic acid assay by Real time RT –PCR.

Materials and methods : This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Medical College and Chevron Laboratory in Chattogram during the period of January 2012 to December 2012. A total 115 clinically suspected dengue patient of all ages and both sexex from indoor and Out Patient Department (OPD) of Chittagong Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this study.

Results : These test were done in 2-7 days of fever. Blood samples from 115 clinically suspected dengue cases had been taken. Among them, NS1 antigen by ICT were found positive in 78(67.8 %) cases and DENV RNA by realtime RT-PCR in 64 (55.7% ) cases. Among 64 dengue PCR positive cases, dengue ICT was found positive in 61 (95.30%) cases & not detectable in 03 (4.65%) cases and in 51 PCR negative cases, 17 were found positive by ICT. The difference in diagnosing dengue by ICT and PCR was found highly significant, p < 0.001. Highest positivity of both test were observed in 2nd to 4th days. In this study, dengue ICT was detected 19 (70%) cases in • 5 days of fever where as PCR was detected only 02 (6.80%) cases. The sensivity , specificity , positive predictive value , negative predictive value of ICT in comparison to PCR were found 95.3% , 66.7%, 78.2 %, 91.9% respectively.

Conclusion : In the comparative evaluation, NS1 Antigen was found to be far more sensitive than Real time RT-PCR 1.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 60-65
Disease Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Patients Admitted in A Non-Government Medical College Hospital
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Shahab , Muhuri Basana Rani , Hasina Mamtaj Syeda Shahnoor , Uddin Mohammed Belal
Published: October 2022

Background: An understanding of epidemiological trend in hospital admissions, including diseases and death pattern, is essential for health care planning, appropriate resource allocation and improving existing services facilities. Most of the causes of morbidity and mortality in Pediatric patient particularly under five and neonate are preventable by proper antenatal/perinatal care, early detection and management. To assess the disease pattern and outcome of pediatric patients admitted in a non-government Medical College hospital this research was performed.

Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Child Health, Marine City Medical College Hospital (MCMCH) Chattogram, Bangladesh during 2019 June to 2021 June. A total of 567 patients were included for the study. Details on demographic characteristic, disease pattern, outcome, retrieved from the medical records and admission registers, and tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office20 16).

Results: Among the admitted patient 0-<2 months age group were (53)9.35%, 2 months-<2 years age group were 254(44.80%), 2 years-<5 years age group were 96(16.93%), 5 years-<12 years age group were 164(28.92%). Among the admitted patients, most common acute watery diarrheawere 131(23.10%), bronchiolitis were 121(21.34%), bronchopneumonia were 95(16.75%), Neonatal Sepsis and Enteric fever were 26(4.59%), Bronchial asthma were 18(3.17%), Low birth weight/preterm were 17(3.00%), Neonaatal Jaundice were 12(2.12%) and others were 92(16.22%). The outcome of total 567 Pediatric patients- discharged with advice were 498(87.83%), discharge on request were 45(7.49%), referred were 20(3.53%) and dead were 4(0.71%).

Conclusion: Findings of this study helps us to understand and pediatric admission trend and death pattern of this institution, which are essential for patient’s services, including effective case-management strategies.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 66-69
Predicting Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Based on Clinicoradiological Assessment
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Moinul , Md Muhsin Syed , Alam Mohammad Ershad , Anwar Shahed Mohammed , Mostafa Faisal , Momin Mohammad Nurul , Khan Matiar Rahaman
Published: October 2022

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstone disease. But it becomes difficult to perform safely and some cases require conversion to Open Cholecystectomy (OC). There is no clear consensus among the laparoscopic surgeons to determine preoperative parameters that can predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study is to predict the difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies by correlating with preoperative clinical and radiological findings.

Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was performed in the Department of Surgery at Chittagong Medical College Hospital for a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. The sample size was 151. Pre-operative clinical and ultrasonographic criterias were correlated with intraoperative difficulties encountered. Peroperative difficulties were considered in terms of pericholecystic adhesion, difficult callots triangle dissection, difficult GB bed dissection and unusual bleeding during surgery.

Results: Out of 151 patients underwent LC in this study; 93 (61.6%) cases the procedure was uneventful and the other 58 (38.4%) procedures were difficult. Among those difficult 58 cases, 13 (8.6%) patients required conversion to open cholecystectomy. Difficult LC were found in BMI >30kg/m2, hospitalization for 3 or more times due to acute painful attack and GB wall thickness >3 mm.

Conclusion: Pre-operative prediction of difficult LC can be determined by correlating with clinical and radiological findings that help the surgeons to better prepare for intra-operative difficulties and risk of conversion to open cholecystectomy.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), December 2021; 70-73
Characterization of the sites and population dynamics of Aedes group (Diptera: Culicidae) in the oases of Biskra, Algeria
Authors: Benhissen S , Hedjouli Z , Habbachi W , Asloum AY , Belkhiri N
Published: October 2022

In this work, we studied the distribution and group dynamics of Aedes species in the region of Biskra, which were essentially formed by three species Aedes caspius, Aedes detritus, and Aedes dorsalis, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of their breeding sites. The results showed that Aedes caspius was most abundant in all the three sites surveyed, with a rate of 66.43% of the total fauna indicated. While the remaining two mosquito species have different rates during the study period. From the estimates of the main physicochemical parameters of the water, we were able to show the relationship between the abundance of these mosquito species and the typology of breeding sites. These mosquitos were present in alkaline sites, with medium mineralization and high oxygen levels. Thus, these species likely choose salty water environment.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 23-32
Prevalence of fungi associated with seven wheat varieties and seed quality analysis
Authors: Momtaz MS , Shamsi S , Dey TK
Published: October 2022

Seven varieties of wheat seeds, such as BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-26, BARI Gom-27, BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29, BARI Gom-30 and Kanchan were studied to determine the prevalence of seedborne fungi and their effects on germinating seeds and seedlings. The seeds were categorized into apparently healthy seeds, black point seeds, and shriveled and undersized seeds. Variation in different parameters (viz.Grading, weight, purity percentage, germination and seedling growth) became evident among the varieties. Seed health test on blotters and agar plate method showed that the major fungi associated with healthy seeds and black point seeds were Alternaria alternata, A. triticina, Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. tetramera, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp., and species of Aspergillus. The incidence of B. sorokiniana increased with increasing severity of black point infection. Reduction in germination, seedling emergence, plant stand, root and shoot growth, and vigor index were directly related with the severity of black point. Aspergillus spp. were seen more frequently associated with non-germinated seeds.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 33-48
Tree species diversity of Chittagong University Campus flora in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter N , Gupta SS , Sinha S , Hossain MK
Published: October 2022

Investigation has been carried out to the flora of Chittagong University Campus from July 2021 to February 2022 to recognize the diversity of wild tree species as well as the species planted in campus area. A total of 304 tree species (both wild and planted) belonging to 201 genera under 69 families was recognized from the Chittagong University Campus flora. These species were categorized as angiosperms (297 species under 196 genera and 64 families) and gymnosperms (7 species under five genera and five families). Furthermore, the angiosperms were classified as dicot (95% species) and monocot (5% species). Among 69 families, top 10 families represented 47% of all species and remaining 59 families represented by 53% of the species. The study revealed that 12% of species were found in natural habitat, 32% in conservation programs, 20% both in natural and conservation areas, and 36% were exotics. Among 304 species, 13% were regarded as Vulnerable, 4% as Endangered and 3% as Critically Endangered, and collectively treated as threatened (20% of all recorded species). A checklist is prepared with updated nomenclature; each species is annotated with local name(s), family name, habitat, status of occurrence (wild/planted), and conservation status.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 57-72
Taxonomic account of jumping spider-ii: genus Marpissa c. L. Koch (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae) from Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas V , Raychaudhuri D
Published: October 2022

Present study includes the description of four species of the genus Marpissa C. L. Koch, 1846 collected from different areas of Bangladesh of which one species is described as new to science and other three species are new records for the area of present study. The recorded species are-Marpissa dhakuriensis Tikader, M. ludhianensis Tikader, M. mandali Tikader and M. longinoda n. sp. An illustrated description and distribution together with a key to the species are provided herewith.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 73-80
Influence of kitchen waste compost and chemical fertilizer on the growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Ferdous T , Haque F , Ali AHMZ , Rahman MK
Published: October 2022

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of kitchen waste compost (KWC) and NPK fertilizers on the growth and yield of tomato. It was laid out in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) using 25 treatments having 3 replications each. Agronomic parameters of the growth and yield of tomato were recorded at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days interval. The highest growth and yield parameter found with 60 days. The tallest plant height (57 cm) was recorded in T13(N120P60K80 kg ha-1 + 2.5ton KWC ha-1). Highest number of leaf found (17 per plant) in T18 (N30P15K20 kg ha-1 + 7.5 ton KWC ha-1) and T23 (N60P30K40 kg ha-1 + 10 ton KWC ha1. The length of midrib (22 cm) inT3 (5ton KWC ha-1) and dry weight of midrib (1.46 g plant-1) obtained topmost in T6(N30P15K20 kg ha-1). The girth of plants (1.4 cm) in T14: (N30P15K20 kg ha-1 + 5 ton KWC ha-1, and leaf area (5.61 cm2) in T2 (2.5 ton KWC ha-1). Total fresh weight of leaf, root and stem (60.3 g plant1) and dry weight of leaf, root and stem (21.91 g plant-1) were superior inT24(N90P45K60 kg ha-1 + 10 ton KWC ha-1), number of fruit per plant (10) inT5(10 ton KWC ha-1) and longest fruit (7.5 cm) inT5(10 ton KWC ha-1). Maximum fresh weight of tomato fruit (13.48 g plant-1) produces in T24 (N90P45K60 kg ha-1 + 10 ton KWC ha-1) and dry weight (5.32 g plant-1) in T20 (N90P45K60 kg ha-1 + 7.5 ton KWC ha-1). The findings revealed that KWC with NPK T24 (N90P45K60 kg ha-1 + 10 ton KWC ha-1) could be suggested to use for the maximum growth and yield of tomato. This trial has also been created the evidence that kitchen waste may be an alternative source of organic materials to produce tomato.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2022, 8(1): 81-90
Educational Environment Measure
Authors: Muhuri Basana Rani
Published: October 2022

Abstract not available

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 1-4
In- Hospital Outcome of Acute St Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Ibrahim , Shamim MM Abdus , Dey Asish , Morshed Md Monjur
Published: October 2022

Background: Ischemic Heart disease (IHD) is a common cardiac disorder and is the no.1 cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Associated Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) may further affect the outcome of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction adversely. So, Effective risk stratification is integral to the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes with a co-morbidity of CKD. This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) with impaired renal function. Materials and methods: The study was done in the Department of Cardiology, Chittagong Medical College from January 2015 to December 2015. 100 STEMI patients diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and ECG criteria were included in the study. Biochemical and clinical parameters were obtained from eligible subjects. Data was analyzed by computer based software SPSS- 17. Results: Mean ages of patients were 51. 4 years ± SD- 9.54 years. Male to female ratio was 3.34:01. 97% patients were presented with chest pain and breathlessness was found in 65% of patients. Among 100 patients 73 had arrhythmias, 21 were found to develop heart failure, 14 were having cardiogenic shock and death occurred in case of 4 patients. Conclusion: Early detection and appropriate management of renal impairment is necessary to avoid increased mortality and morbidity in STEMI patients.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 5-10
Disease Profile and Outcome of Patients Admitted to A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Barua Sanat Kumar , Deb Kiriti Prashad , Dutta Arup , Mahmud Nasir Uddin , Chowdhury Pranab Kumar , Barua Sharmila
Published: October 2022

Background: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) has very important role in the management of critically ill children who require advanced airway, respiratory, and hemodynamic supports with the aim of achieving a better outcome. To describe the clinical spectrum and outcome patterns of diseases managed at PICU in Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) in order to provide data, which will assist in improving the management of diseases and the rational allocation of health resources. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective crosssectional study in which records of admissions of children from 29 days to 12 years of age were obtained from the PICU records. Results: A total of 851 patients were analyzed during the period of October 2015 to December 2016, of which 533 (62.6%) were males and 318 (37.3%) were females. The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.2 ±2.1 days (Range 0- 20 days). Among admission cases, Central Nervous System (CNS) was the most common system affected in our study 356 (41%) followed by respiratory system 263(31%) sepsis 89(10.45%) and cardiovascular diseases 55(%). We observed overall mortality rate 46.1%and Leave Against Medical Advice (LAMA) 4.11%. Highest mortality occurred in age group of 29 days to 1 year. Children with encephalitis and sepsis had higher mortality 25% and 21% respectively. Conclusion: The leading cause of admission was CNS infection followed by respiratory diseases and sepsis. The overall mortality rate in our PICU was high. A wellequipped intensive care unit with modern and innovative facilities along with the availability of fulltime trained pediatric intensivists made a significant impact on the outcome of critically ill children in our PICU.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 11-16
Comparative Outcome of Acute Coronary Syndrome In Diabetics and Non-diabetics
Authors: Das Sandipan , Khan Mohammad Asif , Hossen Md Abul , Jahangir AYM Nuruddin , Siddique Md Saleh Uddin
Published: October 2022

Background : It is well known that Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is strongly associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). When CAD develops in diabetic patients the incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) becomes double. Diabetics also suffer more heart failure, pulmonary edema & renal failure while in hospital. The proportion of ACS in diabetic patients is increasing. This trend will likely continue because the population has become more sedentary and overweight. A few studies available comparing the various outcomes of ACS patients with & without DM in our country yet we know that burden of both ACS and DM in our population is increasing. Materials and methods: This analytical study was conducted from July, 2013 to June, 2104 in the Department of Cardiology of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Subjects were by purposive sampling and grouped into two groups as diabetic (Group A) & non diabetic (Group B) each group had 100 patients. Data processing and analysis was done with the help of computer using statistical software SPSS version-17 for windows. Statistical analyses were done by appropriate tests of significances (i.e. t-test, chi-square test). Results: The diabetic group had a significantly higher mean age (52.84 ±8.40 years) compared to the non-diabetic group (47.96 ± 9.52) (p=0.000) and majorities of the patients were male. Raised level of Serum Troponin I and mean LVEF was highly significant between the groups. The patients of both groups developed cardiogenic shock and heart failure in a different proportion (10 % and 4%: p= 0.042) which was statistically significant. Arrhythmia was an outcome in both groups without significant difference and recurrent angina was only found in diabetic group (n=06). Conclusion: Our study revealed higher number of complications, mortality and worse clinical features in diabetic ACS patients determining the additional adversities and complicated management with a lower prognostic outcome.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 28-34
Relationship Among Serum Homocysteine, Serum Folate And Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction In Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Barua Prasun , Haque Mahmudul , Khan Md Jahangir
Published: October 2022

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) a sulfurcontaining, non-protein a-amino is now considered an independent non-traditional risk factor for vascular disease. In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) highly prevalent hyperhomocysteinemia which is often associated with decreased folate concentrations is thought to contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity. So, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relations among serum homocysteine, serum folate and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) in the context of native CKD patients. Materials and methods: A total of one-thirty (130) participants were recruited between June and July 2016. Among them ninety (90) were CKD patients of stage III, IV & V and forty (40) were healthy controls.eGFR was calculated by MDRD formula. Different groups were created based on serum homocysteine level and eGFR. Results: In this study, hyperhomocysteinemia was seen in 97% CKD patients compared to 52.50% in controls. The CKD patients with elevated homocysteine levels had higher serum creatinine, LDL and systolic BP but they had lower eGFR, serum folateand LVEF than those with normal homocysteine concentrations. As the severity of homocysteinemia increased, eGFR and serum folate decreased. LVEFalso reduced significantly with increasing severity of hyperhomocysteinemia i.e. from 68% in those withouthyperhomocysteinemia to 41.33% in those with severe hyperhomocysteinemia. Chi-squared tests and odds ratios proved significant associations of hyperhomocysteinemia and folate deficiency with CKD. Higher homocysteine concentrations were also associated with low folate and low LVEF. Here, serum homocysteine correlated negatively with eGFR, serum folate and LVEF and positively with LDL and systolic BP. Conclusion: Inconclusion, this study revealed significant associationsamong hyperhomocysteinemia, low serum folate and low LVEF in the native CKD patients. The consistency of homocysteine- eGFR and homocysteine-LVEF correlations suggests that serum homocysteine may provide useful additional information about CKD and associated high cardiovascular morbidity.

JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 35-41