bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vinko Paletin and his Contribution to Cartography
Authors: Lapaine Miljenko
Published: July 2024

This paper explores Vinko Paletin’s contribution to cartography. It can be divided into three areas: maritime affairs and navigation, globe production, and map production. Vinko Paletin as a sailor has been written about by others, so in this paper we only look at this briefly. In this article, we provide information about his translation of The Art of Navigation (L’arte del navegar) based on copies of that book kept in the National and University Library in Zagreb, the State Archives in Zadar and some other libraries outside Croatia. In addition to copies of the covers and Paletin’s foreword, we present the contents of that handbook with specialreference to the third chapter, which deals with nautical charts. The literature mentions three globes which have been attributed to Paletin. Two are certainly not his work, and there is almost no information about the third. Perhaps the problem lies in the Italian word mappamondi, which may mean either a globe or a map of the world. The paper examines in detail Paletin’s 1551 map of Spain and presents several other which preceded it. Finally, we assess the value of Paletin’s map, which served many cartographers as a model and template for their own maps of Spain.
Incidentally vs non-incidentally diagnosed papillary thyroid carcinoma: are there differences?
Authors: Cosme Inês , Figueiredo Ana , Pinheiro Sara , Leite Valeriano
Published: July 2024

Graphical abstract

Background

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) incidence increased over the past 50 years. The explanation for this is not consensual.

Objective

Compare incidental vs non-incidental TC (ITC vs NITC) regarding demographic, clinical, histological data and 5-year clinical outcomes.

Design

Retrospective analysis of 225 papillary TC (PTC) cases that completed a 5-year follow-up.

Methods

Created 2 groups: ITC (including the incidentalomas) and NITC (cases of palpable or visible nodules or with thyroid compressive complaints).

Results

Included 225 PTC (122 were ITC). There were 95 women in ITC and 78 in NITC. ITC patients were significantly older (53.3 ± 14.8 vs 47.2 ± 17.7, P = 0.006). Groups had no differences in family history of TC. ITC mean tumour size was smaller (19.1 ± 9.2 vs 28.6 ± 16.2, P < 0.01). Tumours > 20 mm comprised 36.1% of ITC and 58.2% of NITC. We found no differences in tumour multifocality, histological thyroiditis, aggressive PTC subtypes, capsule or lymph-vascular invasion and gross extrathyroidal extension. There were no differences regarding the number of patients submitted to RAI or in RAI activity. pTMN staging showed higher prevalence of T3a and T4 cases (P < 0.01), and M1 status (P = 0.025) in NITC. There were no differences in the rates of persistence of disease. Logistic regression showed that the diagnostic modality had no impact on the 5-year clinical outcome.

Conclusion

ITC patients were older and had smaller tumours. NITC showed no worst histological features or 5-year clinical outcome. Approximately, one third of ITC had diameters > 20 mm. As even large tumours can be ITC, overdiagnosis is the most likely cause of increasing incidence of TC.
The role of adipose tissue dysfunction in hepatic insulin resistance and T2D
Authors: Sancar Gencer , Birkenfeld Andreas L
Published: July 2024

The root cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is insulin resistance (IR), defined by the failure of cells to respond to circulating insulin to maintain lipid and glucose homeostasis. While the causes of whole-body insulin resistance are multifactorial, a major contributing factor is dysregulation of liver and adipose tissue function. Adipose dysfunction, particularly adipose tissue-IR (adipo-IR), plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the context of T2D. In this review, we will focus on molecular mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance and its association with adipose tissue function. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the transition from a healthy state to insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and T2D may enable us to prevent and intervene in the progression to T2D.
Addition of GM-CSF during in vitro oocyte maturation improves embryo development and implantation and birth rate in mice
Authors: Saini Anmol , McPherson Nicole O , Nottle Mark B
Published: July 2024

The present study determined whether adding granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) could improve oocyte developmental competence by examining embryo development and implantation and birth rates following embryo transfer in mice. In an initial dose-response experiment, we demonstrated that the addition of 2 and 10 ng/mL GM-CSF during IVM increased cumulus expansion (P < 0.05) but did not affect fertilisation rate compared with the control group. The addition of 10 ng/mL increased blastocyst rate (17.0%; P < 0.05) and tended to increase the number of good quality blastocysts present at 96 h of culture (+19.4%; P = 0.06) and increased blastocyst inner cell mass (+25.2%; P < 0.001), trophectoderm (+29.9%; P < 0.01), and total cell numbers (+28.6%; P < 0.05). GM-CSF also reduced the incidence of DNA damage in blastocysts in the 10 ng/mL group (−16.2%) compared with the control group. These improvements translated into increases in implantation rate (+21.0%; P < 0.05) and birth rate (+17.0%; P < 0.001) following the transfer of vitrified blastocysts. GM-CSF treatment did not alter any fetal and placental parameters. Together these results suggest that the addition of GM-CSF during IVM may improve livestock in vitro embryo production and human IVM.

Lay summary

The ability to collect immature eggs from the ovaries and mature these in the laboratory is an important technology for treating certain types of infertility in women as well as for preserving their fertility, for example prior to cancer treatment. This technique is called in vitro oocyte maturation or IVM and is also used in animal breeding. However, pregnancy and birth rates in humans and animals using this technique are lower than that which can be achieved using natural mating. We have shown that adding GM-CSF, a molecule found in the ovary, during IVM can increase the number and quality of embryos produced in mice. We have also found that when these embryos are transferred to surrogate mothers, implantation and birth rates are increased. These results suggest that the addition of GM-CSF during IVM may improve pregnancy and birth rates in humans as well as animals.
The Socio-Economic Role of Small Agribusiness in the Development of Modern Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Shpykuliak Oleksandr , Balaniuk Ivan , Shelenko Diana , Balaniuk Sergiy , Sukhovii Alona
Published: July 2024

Factors influencing the formation of the socio-economic role of small agribusiness, directions for establishing the institutional and organizational-economic structure of small-scale enterprises in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and Poland are singled out. An analysis of the activities of small agribusiness entities was carried out using statistical data from GUS (Central Statistical Office of Poland) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for the period from 2010 to 2020. The trends in running a craft business were disclosed. It has been demonstrated that the development of the agricultural sector is dominated by the direct freedom of decision-making and choice of producers. It was established that small agribusiness in Ukraine and Poland can meet the requirements of a competitive environment and function effectively under the conditions of coronavirus and war in Ukraine. The purpose of our research is to theoretically and methodologically justify scientific provisions and develop recommendations that will accumulate specific institutional and technological capabilities to produce necessary raw materials and create agri-food products in Ukraine and Poland. The methodological basis of the research includes fundamental principles of economic theory, management, and studies of scholars regarding the socio-economic role of small agribusiness in the conditions of war in Ukraine. Observation, sampling, and grouping methods were used for the theoretical justification in identifying problems in the development of small agricultural businesses; generalization and comparative analysis were employed to form the institutional and organizational-economic functionality of small-scale enterprises in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and rural areas, refine the conceptual framework, and draw conclusions and proposals on the selected topic.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Covid-19
Authors: Tinambunan Nicholas Christian , Faried Ahmad , Djajakusumah Teguh Marfen , Yohana Raden , Rizki Kiki Ahmad , Sobana Mirna
Published: July 2024

Head trauma is a head injury caused by external forces in the head or body that results in disruption of the normal functioning of the brain. According to the CDC, deaths from head injuries were about 60,000 in 2016, and rose to more than 61,000 in 2017. The COVID-19 pandemic had caused poor non-COVID patient care, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries with limited access to health facilities, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, including among patients with head injuries. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics, duration of hospital stay, and difference of time to surgery interval in Traumatic Brain Injury patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was performed through analytical methods with a cross-sectional study design using analysis of medical records of head trauma patients treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in the period before the pandemic (February 2018-February 2020) and during the pandemic (March 2020 - September 2021). Data analysis showed significant differences in length of hospitalization and operating intervals before and during the pandemic (p=0.04 and p=0.03), showing that there are differences in interval operation and duration of stay between patients with head trauma before the pandemic and during the pandemic.
Clinical outcomes of running with FAST and contour stimulation in the spinal cord stimulation therapy trial only in Japan
Authors: Maeda Hiroyuki , Maeda Mutsuhiro , Maeda Takahiro
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Using Fast-Acting Sub-Perception (FAST) and Contour Therapy, new stimulation settings for spinal cord stimulation therapy, we investigated whether patients with low back and leg pain were able to run after surgery in Japan. Method: Spinal cord stimulation trial was conducted from 2023 to 2024 and a prospective study was conducted. Fifteen patients (6 male, 9 female) were evaluated on whether they could run after spinal cord stimulation therapy using the average walking time (seconds) when walking 210 cm and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain assessment. Patient satisfaction was rated on a 5-point scale, with 5 being very satisfied, 4 somewhat satisfied, 3 normal, 2 somewhat dissatisfied, and 1 very dissatisfied. Sleep quality was rated on a 10-point scale. Statistical t-test was used and P < 0.01 was considered a significant difference. Results: The NRS showed improvement from 10 to 2.72. The average walking time was 3.48 seconds faster. Regarding patient satisfaction, 11 patients were very satisfied, 2 somewhat satisfied, 1 normal, and 1 somewhat dissatisfied. Sleep quality (good 10 to poor 0) improved from an average of 4.8 to 7.3. Twelve patients were able to run. Significant differences were found. Discussion: FAST and Contour stimulation, new stimulation settings in spinal cord stimulation therapy, improved not only low back and leg pain, but also walking ability and sleep quality. We believe that patients feel more motivated and ultimately patients are able to run and patient satisfaction increase. As a new evaluation of spinal cord stimulation therapy, whether patients will be able to run should also be considered in the future.
Anatomical and surgical considerations for fixed implant-supported prostheses in edentulous elderly patients
Authors: Santos Gabriel Mulinari , Sant’Ana Amanda Paino , Fernandes Breno dos Reis
Published: July 2024

Total edentulism can lead to changes in the anatomy of jaws over the years in elderly subjects. Therefore, the dental surgeon must comprehend the anatomical variations and surgical peculiarities of elderly total edentulous subjects requiring oral rehabilitation with fixed implant-supported prostheses. This article aims to discuss the different approaches and anatomical considerations to perform a precise dental implant placement for full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses.
Initiation of Buprenorphine Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Kumar Prianka , Kaliamurthy Sivabalaji , Thomas Jasmine
Published: July 2024

Pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are facing a rise in the number of children and adolescents who present with opioid use disorder (OUD), often driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl. Medication treatment of pediatric OUD in the ED setting is often limited to symptomatic treatment of opioid withdrawal. Pediatric patients are rarely offered medications for OUD, especially in the ED setting. Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist that is Food and Drug Administration–approved for the treatment of OUD in patients aged 16 years and older. Adult studies have demonstrated that ED initiation of medication for OUD such as buprenorphine is feasible, safely treats withdrawal symptoms, and can improve patient compliance with outpatient follow-up. However, initiation of buprenorphine in the ED has not been well-studied in the pediatric population. We present 2 cases of adolescent patients, a 16-year-old male and 17-year-old female, who presented to the ED with opioid withdrawal. They were both diagnosed with severe OUD because of their use of counterfeit pills containing fentanyl. Both patients were successfully started on buprenorphine/naloxone in the pediatric ED before transitioning to an outpatient addiction clinic for continued treatment. The case series demonstrates the feasibility of ED-based buprenorphine initiation for adolescents, an important and timely intervention for adolescents with OUD.
Política pública migratoria y migración venezolana en Colombia: un análisis desde la noción referencial de Pierre Muller
Authors: Valero Gómez María , Román Brugnoli José Antonio
Published: July 2024

La migración venezolana de la última década ha representado un desafío para las polí- ticas públicas migratorias colombianas. Entre 2017 y 2020 se promulgaron importantes do- cumentos de política pública migratoria para tratar este fenómeno. ¿Cómo fue abordado en dichos documentos? ¿Qué efectos tuvo? Este artículo se propone identificar los referenciales que articularon esta política pública migratoria y analizar sus efectos para la gestión públi- ca de la migración venezolana en Colombia. Mediante un análisis de contenido basado en conceptos, sobre un corpus de 15 documentos relevantes de política pública focalizados en la migración venezolana promulgados entre 2017 y 2020, se encontró que el referencial global está organizado por la idea de la migración ordenada, regular y segura, y que el problema objeto de política pública es tratado desde los sectores de la seguridad nacional, la economía y los derechos humanos, para la gestión de este fenómeno.
Microplásticos, ambiente y salud humana. Una revisión a nivel global
Authors: Arias Hoyos Arnol , Vela Rico Juan José , Gomez Ortiz Cristian Samir
Published: July 2024

Los microplásticos son una preocupación ambiental cada vez mayor a nivel mundial debido a su persistencia y contaminación de los ecosistemas. En esta revisión se usó la plataforma Sciencedirect como base de datos para analizar sobre este tema en el contexto ambiental y el ser humano; utilizando la metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura específicamente artículos de investigación, con las ecuaciones de búsqueda  AND ,  AND ,  AND  entre el periodo 2018-2023. Con base en la revisión bibliográfica se obtuvo un total de 11 795 artículos entre investigación (9 814) y revisión (1 981); Es importante mencionar que respecto a microplásticos en medios acuáticos la búsqueda arrojo un total de 5 504 artículos; en el caso de suelos, se hallaron 3 900 artículos y en cuanto a la salud humana 4 848 artículos que hacen referencia al tema en cuestión. Se identificó que la contaminación por este tipo de compuesto sobre el factor suelo se ve reflejado en la disminución de la retención de agua, contaminación de acuíferos y nutrientes; también hay impactos negativos en ecosistemas marinos ya que microplásticos puede en algunos casos liberan grandes cantidades de metales que terminan afectando no solo la biota acuática sino también el sistema respiratorio y digestivo de las personas; por lo cual se evidencia la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones respecto a la presencia y posibles efectos de los microplásticos en el suelo, agua y el ser humano.
Colombia as a Future Tourism Destination from U.S. Travelers’ Perspective
Authors: Zapata-Cuervo Natalia , Montes-Guerra Maricela I. , Jeong Miyoung
Published: July 2024

This research identified the perceptions of u.s. travelers regarding Colombia as a potential tourism destination, including their perception of risk. The framework of destination image and travelers’ behavior, including perceived risk, cognitive and affective images, and perceived value for the trip, was adopted. Data for these behaviors were collected using a self-administered online survey with u.s. citizens who had not visited Colombia. Hypotheses were tested employing Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the Partial Least Squares method to analyze the measurement and structural models. The results indicated that u.s. citizens had a positive affective and cognitive perception of Colombia, which led to a higher perceived value in visiting the country and a strong intention to do so in the near future. This research provides information for tourism organizations in Colombia to develop tourism strategies aimed at attracting international inbound travelers, particularly u.s. residents. The research aims to understand travelers’ perceptions of Colombia as their future tourist destination. This research is significant since Colombia is becoming an attractive tourism destination for international travelers. Therefore, it is important to understand their perceptions and travel behavior towards the country. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to examine Colombia as a potential tourism destination from the perspective of its primary target market.
Del Guacanayabo “arrogante y frondoso”: el quijotismo amable y correctivo de Luis Otero y Pimentel
Authors: González Briz María de los Ángeles
Published: July 2024

Las Semblanzas caballerescas (1886), del gallego Luis Otero y Pimentel, proponen nuevas aventuras de los personajes cervantinos migrados a Cuba. Paisajes y dones de la naturaleza manifiestan una abundancia edénica. La representación de los nativos retoma el anterior indigenismo, pero la romantización del indio funciona en este caso a favor de la prédica de la integración armoniosa de lo hispanocubano, para lo cual Don Quijote será una figura conciliadora de las diferencias. También las lenguas y dialectos han de subsumirse a un fin superior (la tan mentada “lengua de Cervantes”), para abonar la fortaleza de un proyecto político unitario. Este artículo se propone analizar un caso particular de reescritura del tipo continuación correctiva o de enmienda, o una reescritura amable que, valiéndose de la popularidad y aceptación generalizada de Don Quijote, atenúa los rasgos satíricos para promover un pacto cultural conciliador y perpetuador de la hegemonía española en la isla.
An Improved Class of Ratio and Product Estimators Based on ORRT Models
Authors: Choudhary Monica , Kumar Sunil , Kour Sanam Preet , Verma Tania
Published: July 2024

In this study, we introduced a problem for the estimation of the population mean of two sensitive variables using ORRT models. A class of estimators has been developed for the estimation of ratio and product estimators. Up to the first degree of approximation, properties of the proposed estimators including bias and mean square error have been studied. To show the efficacy of the proposed class of estimators, we compare it with the conventional estimators and the PRE of the proposed class of estimators is obtained with respect to the usual ratio and product estimator. The simulation study justified that our suggested estimator is more efficient than the existing estimator in terms of having higher PRE.
Classification of Territorial Entities of Colombia According to the Epidemiological Curve of Sars-Cov2 between 03-06-2020 and 02-04-2021
Authors: Buitrago-Reyes Lina Angélica , Calderón Sergio Alejandro , Castillo Isabella
Published: July 2024

Classify the departments of Colombia and their capitals, according to the behavior of the incidence of Sars-Cov2, between March 6, 2020 and February 4, 2021. The information on daily cases was obtained from the website of the National Institute of Health (INS), the population estimate for each geographic unit was obtained from the population estimated by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) for 2020. The clusters obtained for both capitals and departments were obtained by non-hierarchical classification methods. Four groups were obtained for both, capitals and departments: the coast zone, the central zone, the eastern zone and the Amazon. In most cases the classification of the capitals coincided with that of the department.
The classification obtained by the k-medoid method, using the Euclidean distance, proposed groups that coincide with different epidemiological behaviors between groups and similar ones within groups, therefore it becomes a useful statistical tool for public health.
Addressing Misidentification in Noninvasive DNA Sampling Using Bayesian Approach and Simulations
Authors: Bran Paula , Escobar Leon
Published: July 2024

Noninvasive DNA sampling has become increasingly popular in wildlife research and conservation because it allows scientists to gather valuable genetic information without disturbing or harming the animals. However, the correct identification of the species or individuals in the sample is virtually impossible when using this kind of sampling. Consequently, it becomes essential to consider the errors hidding true identities in order to improve the quality of the data. Errors, if left unaddressed, can have a considerable impact on the accuracy of statistical inferences drawn from the data. This paper endeavours to review some research about misidentification problems and how Bayesian models and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods can be applied. In addition, a hypothetical scenario is presented to illustrate how genetic material can serve as unique identifier of individuals, and to highlight the potential difficulties that may arise if a proposal distribution for the MCMC simulations is inappropriately chosen.
Logarithmic Type Direct and Synthetic Estimators for Domain Mean Using Simple Random Sampling
Authors: Bhushan Shashi , Kumar Anoop , Pokhrel Rohini
Published: July 2024

In this article, we propose logarithmic type direct and synthetic estimators for the estimation of domain mean under simple random sampling. The properties such as bias and mean square error of the proposed direct and synthetic estimators are obtained up to first order approximation. The efficiency conditions are obtained under which the proposed direct and synthetic estimators outperform their conventional counterparts. The performance of the proposed direct and synthetic estimators is examined with the help of comprehensive computational study using real and artificially drawn populations. Some appropriate suggestions are also provided to the surveyors.
“Yo cuento en este cuento” : tensiones y desencuentros en torno a la medición estadística de las poblaciones afrodescendientes en Colombia
Authors: Martínez Sandra
Published: July 2024

El giro multicultural en América Latina implicó el ajuste de las operaciones estadísticas para captar la diversidad étnica y cultural de los países de la región, así como la ampliación de los mecanismos de participación de los grupos étnicos en el diseño y puesta en marcha de dichas operaciones. Sin embargo, estos procesos no han estado libres de tensiones, tal y como lo evidencia la controversia surgida entre los funcionarios oficiales a cargo de la producción de estadísticas en Colombia y las comunidades afrodescendientes, a raíz del descenso demográfico de estas poblaciones registrado en el censo de 2018. En este artículo, discutiremos la manera en que las burocracias estatales hacen uso de las tecnologías numéricas para establecer ciertas representaciones de la realidad, con el propósito de alinear las posiciones encontradas de los activistas a su favor. A partir de la reconstrucción de los argumentos desplegados por unos y otros para explicar este descenso, veremos las distintas formas en que los actores involucrados evalúan las implicaciones de este hecho de acuerdo con las posiciones diferenciadas que ocupan en el espacio social, así como el papel específico que juegan las inscripciones numéricas como recurso argumentativo en estos debates. Para ello, nos hemos apoyado en la realización de entrevistas a líderes y académicos afrodescendientes que han participado en este debate, así como en la revisión de documentos publicados tanto por las instituciones como por las organizaciones étnicas. Encontramos que mientras los funcionarios oficiales, apoyados en distintas tecnologías numéricas, se esfuerzan por sostener la discusión en el plano técnico, los activistas evalúan las causas e implicaciones de los resultados censales en términos políticos, como una expresión más del racismo estructural y de la exclusión a los que han estado sometidos los pueblos afrodescendientes. Además de este efecto de “tecnificación de la política”, las inscripciones numéricas hacen posible el ejercicio de gobierno mediante el cual la institución a cargo de la producción de estadísticas en el país, se arroga la potestad de “certificar” a la población.
La producción social del compromiso en tiempos difíciles: socorristas, médicos de urgencias y forenses
Authors: Camargo Luis Miguel
Published: July 2024

This article proposes a sociology of commitment in hard times, based on the experience lived during the 1980s and 1990s by a group of professionals whose work was carried out on the front line of attention to the bodily effects of armed violence —relief, emergency hospital care, and forensic medical expertise— in the urban centres with the highest demographic and institutional concentration in Colombia —Bogota, Medellin, and Cali—. In this context, how was the link with their respective jobs formed and what specific meanings did they attribute to the activity itself? To what extent does the formation of a commitment to determined common causes help to explain the maintenance and transformation of immediate care work? This article also hopes to shed new light on the social, political, and health situation that the country went through at that time, characterized not only by a crisis of armed violence but also of legitimacy and political-institutional precariousness: if the focus has mostly been on the critical horizon of collapse and chaos, empirical studies explaining the processes of social and institutional rebuilding in these difficult times are still lacking. A qualitative and inductive perspective is therefore adopted here. An original oral corpus is examined according to the processes of codification, saturation, categorization and progressive problematization, and a triangulation of the resulting data with a diverse set of written sources is carried out. The particularity of the oral corpus has been captured through the tools of interactionist and pragmatic perspective in sociology and lies in its testimonial value and in the fact that it is structured around three links in the care chain. Thus, it has shown the progressive emergence of some modalities of firm commitment in the face of the ravages of armed violence, aimed at underpinning professional values, adapting, and transforming care services and feeding the public debate, and it has been concluded that these have laid the foundations of a common institutional horizon.
El Estado y los refugiados: delimitación y reconocimiento en el caso español
Authors: Ruiz-Estramil Ivana Belén
Published: July 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las herramientas mediante las cuales los Estados europeos actúan frente a las solicitudes de protección internacional, centrando la atención en el caso español. Se parte de un trabajo de campo desarrollado entre 2014 y 2019, continuado en el tiempo en cuanto al análisis legislativo y evolución de las solicitudes y resoluciones de asilo y refugio. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa basada en análisis de fuentes secundarias (legislación internacional, europea y española) y entrevistas en profundidad con personal técnico y personas refugiadas. Se parte de un análisis inicial sobre la protección de la vida como máxima responsabilidad a garantizar por los Estados, haciendo hincapié en un abordaje teórico sobre la protección, para llegar a la recopilación de acuerdos internacionales y legislación a nivel estatal por ser la base sobre la que se construye el procedimiento de asilo. Se recoge así el análisis de los tres niveles de legislación para posteriormente resaltar dos particularidades del caso español: tener un pasado de emisor de población refugiada hacia otros países donde su población fue acogida y el peso de la apatridia principalmente de personas procedentes de territorios no reconocidos por España como país soberano. Estas particularidades emanan del trabajo de campo, mostrándonos cómo a pesar de la armonización que a nivel europeo se pretende con el Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo, existen características concretas que inciden en la reivindicación de una mayor apertura a la acogida de población, que fundamentalmente emanan de la sociedad civil y que tienen su impacto en la gestión de la protección internacional. A modo de conclusión se destaca cómo se articulan estas características, las obligaciones internacionalmente adquiridas y el protocolo armonizado en el procedimiento de asilo.
Efecto del nitrato de plata en el cultivo in vitro de Anthurium magnificum Linden
Authors: Hernández Perez Melisa Maria , Posada Pérez Laisyn , Barb´ón Raúl , Gómez Kosky Rafael , Padrón Yenny , De la O Mariana
Published: July 2024

En la actualidad uno de los retos a los que se enfrentan los agricultores es producir alimentos bajo las inclemencias climáticas. Para el 2050, se estima un aumento en la demanda en producción de alimentos básicos a causa del incremento demográfico, aumentando con ello el detrimento de los recursos naturales. Dentro de las alternativas biológicas está el uso de insumos a base de microorganismos benéficos, como el género Trichoderma. Los cuales se han utilizado en los campos agrícolas para el control biológico contra un gran número de fitopatógenos. Sin embargo, aún son poco conocidas otras propiedades benéficas de este género para las plantas que coloniza y el ecosistema. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en Academic Search Ultimate, BioOne, Acsess, Esmerald, Fuente Académica, ScienceDirect y Springer, entre 2015 y 2023, con dos excepciones de años anteriores. Se utilizó la palabra clave “Trichoderma” y aquellas relacionadas con interacciones microbianas y su aplicación agrícola. Esta revisión resume los hallazgos bibliográficos actuales de este género que muestran su alta capacidad hacia el desarrollo sostenible de los agroecosistemas. Varias investigaciones reportan su capacidad de inducir la defensa vegetal, la promoción del crecimiento y desarrollo radicular, así como la estimulación y síntesis de sustancias que contribuyen a fortalecer la fertilidad del suelo. Con ello mejora los rendimientos de los cultivos a los que se encuentra asociado. En definitiva, la aplicación de Trichoderma puede coadyuvar a disminuir los efectos negativos ocasionados por el uso de agroquímicos y fertilizantes sintéticos, contribuyendo a una producción más sostenible.
Access to Education in Central African Countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon and Chad)
Authors: Murafa Svetlana V. , Nguetobaye Massengar R.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The article highlights the problem of accessibility of education (primary, secondary, higher) and income inequality in Central African countries. The purpose of the study is to present and analyze international static data that show the difficult situation with access to education in the following countries: Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon. The data obtained are necessary for the development of practical solutions for effective assistance to the population of countries in obtaining affordable education by different social strata of the population.

Materials and Methods. Official documents and scientific sources were analyzed and synthesized. The search for relevant data was conducted using various databases, including UNdata, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, Education Source, E-Journals, ERIC, Google, Google Scholar, Springer, etc. mainly for the last 5 years. Special attention in the analysis was paid to the search of official information with the data of international organizations UNESCO and the World Bank.

Results. In Central African countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo and Gabon), the income gap between the richest and poorest is very wide. In Cameroon and Gabon, the income gap between rich and poor is not as wide as in Chad, Congo and Central African Republic, so primary education levels in these two countries remain higher than in other countries. It was found that in Central Africa there was a sharp decrease in the number of students in higher education institutions between 2010 and 2014. One of the reasons (a distinctive feature) of the low coverage of higher education in Central Africa has been identified – the lack of material support for a larger number of the population and, as a result, minimal accessibility of higher education for the younger generation. The study proves that at this economic stage of development, Cameroon and Gabon are leaders in the field of education in Central African countries.

Discussion and Conclusion. Affordable education is necessary to reduce poverty and improve economic growth, but the high cost of education combined with limited access to it leaves many children uneducated. The findings from the study of education access in Central African countries raise the issue of education for the majority of the population, with a view to developing possible ways to economically and politically revise the leadership's approach to better assist the countriesʼ populations. The article will be useful for specialists in the field of education in different countries, as well as for sociologists, culturologists, economists, and politicians.
Practice of Electronic Interaction between the Government and the Population in the Sverdlovsk Region
Authors: Zaborova Elena N.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The issue of interaction between the government and the population has long been actively discussed in the scientific literature, since the degree of involvement of the population in the management of the region and the municipality shows the level of democracy of society. The government and the population are relatively independent communities with their own interests, which may not coincide, the alienation of the population from management generates corruption and dictatorship of the government. The scientific problem is the development of mechanisms for involving the population to participate in the management of the territory and strengthening the motivation of officials of regional and municipal authorities to interact with the population. One of the ways to solve this problem is to improve the mechanisms and forms of interaction. The purpose of the article is to investigate the extent of the spread of new forms of electronic interaction between the government and the population and to assess them.

Materials and Methods. Analytical materials of research on the subject, key legal acts regulating the process of interaction between the government and the population were selected and summarized. The method of analyzing statistical data presented on the official websites of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Administration of the municipal formation of the city of Yekaterinburg was used. The indicators for 10 years (from 2013 to 2023) on the number of citizens’ appeals and their forms, as well as reports of the election commission of the Sverdlovsk region on remote voting, are analyzed.

Results. The tendency of the predominance of electronic forms of interaction over written appeals and personal meetings of citizens with government representatives has been revealed. Electronic forms are replacing classical forms (voting in elections at polling stations) and are becoming an integral part of new processes such as proactive budgeting. Electronic forms facilitate the interaction process in terms of saving money and time, but at the same time they also generate new challenges (increasing formalism, susceptibility to technical failures, distrust of technology, etc.).

Discussion and Conclusion. It is noted that the new forms of electronic interaction are a big step forward, the transition from the practice of simply informing the population to the direct involvement of citizens in the management and distribution of budgetary funds. Great expectations are placed on the new electronic forms; it is assumed that they will increase the activity of the population. However, along with the obvious advantages, they give rise to new problems that require further study and implementation in the practice of interaction between the authorities and the population.
System Assessment of the International “North-South” Transport Corridor’ Trans-Caspian Route Based on Dynamic Standard Model
Authors: Perskaya Victoria V. , Arzhaev Fedor I. , Wang Yanming
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Assessing the volume and structure of trade, particularly in multimodal transportation, is a challenging task, especially when the aim of such an assessment is to identify bottlenecks and remove them. Methodological approaches for solving such problems can vary significantly and include rather complex techniques such as object-oriented programming and network models, allowing to reflect the discrete character of tradeflow. Nevertheless, considering the significant role of international transportation infrastructure in the modern global economy, solving this problem appears relevant and has practical significance. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for a discrete, high-frequency evaluation of the volume of goods transit along the Trans-Caspian corridor of the International “North-South” Transport Corridor, whereas the objective is the trade volume along this route.

Materials and Methods. The methodology of this work consists of two components – data processing and analysis and model construction, based on the standard dynamic model. The first component is necessary due to the limited character of data on goods transported via the International “North-South” Transport Corridor. In the second part of the study, the corridor is divided into several sections and the changes in the turnover for each section are analyzed using the dynamic standard method.

Results. The barriers to the development of the Trans-Caspian Corridor and the interests of participants in its operation are assessed. A toolkit for evaluating the performance of the corridor is created, considering the bottle neck in the transportation of goods via Iran. Statistical data are processed, and problematic times and sections of the corridor are identified. Recommendations on the development of the Trans-Caspian and international transport corridors in modern conditions are formulated.

Discussion and Conclusion. The main results and conclusions of this study include the authorsʼ system for monitoring and regulating the flow of goods along the corridor; identifying imbalances in the operation of the Trans-Caspian Corridor and International “North-South” Transport Corridor as a system; and possible solutions to align these imbalances. Recommendations for the development of the Trans-Caspian corridor and the International “North-South” Transport Corridor in modern conditions. This study has practical implications for logistics companies, financial institutions, Russian exporters, and authorities of economic blocs.
COMMERCIAL HERBAL ADMINISTRATION FOR PREVENTING Vibrio parahaemolyticus INFECTION IN VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Putra The Best Akbar Esa , Widanarni Widanarni , Dinamella Wahjuningrum , Munti Yuhana
Published: July 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the pathogens in crustaceans that can cause mass death in vannamei shrimp farming. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of administering the commercial herbal supplement Phycurma Aquatic (PA) through feeding at different doses to prevent V. parahaemolyticus infection in vannamei shrimp. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications, which are negative control group, positive control group, and PA at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mL kg-1 feed. Shrimps were reared for 30 days and fed five times a day. On the 31th day, shrimps were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus at a dose of 105 CFU mL-1, except for the negative control group. The results showed that the administration of 5.0 mL kg-1 of PA in the feed gave the best growth performance (P<0.05) compared to other treatments. The administration of 5.0 mL kg-1 PA in feed also enhanced shrimp health status and significantly increased the total hemocyte count, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, and phenoloxidase. Furthermore, the administration of PA also increased antioxidant activity, reduced malondialdehyde levels, decreased V. parahaemolyticus population in the intestine, and reduced hepatopancreas tissue damage. Moreover, the survival rate of vannamei shrimp before and after the challenge test in the treatment group with a dose of 5.0 mL kg-1 of PA was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to other treatments.
Lactococcus garvieae: CHARACTERIZATION AND ABILITY TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF AQUACULTURE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Mawardi Mira , Indrawati Agustin , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh
Published: July 2024

Lactococcus garvieae is a gram-positive ovoid cocci bacterium that was previously included in the genus Lactococcus. The aim of this study was to isolate Lactococcus garvieae from the rearing pond water of catfish. The water is reddish and does not smell fishy and rotten. Lactococcus garvieae was identified and characterized by phenotypic and genotypic observation, analysis of genomic %G~C content, cell surface hydrophobicity assays, acidification test, in vitro antagonism, and antimicrobial activities profile were also performed. The result of molecular identification showed an identity to Lactococcus garvieae with the accession number MT597595.1. Biochemical characterization was performed using API 50 CH kit. The genomics %G~C content of Lactococcus garvieae was 51.8. Based on the acidification test, in vitro antagonism, and bacterial growth in the media with a pH of 4, it is confirmed that Lactococcus garvieae could be able to inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, and Edwardsiella ictaluri, except for Edwardsiella tarda. Lactococcus garvieae had the ability to lower the neutral pH of the media to be acidic. The hydrophobic cell surface of Lactococcus garvieae showed an adhesive, hydrophobic, and protein surface cell content that had a compact growth pattern coherent to SAT and MATH positive assay. Antimicrobial activities test using 11 antibiotics showed resistance to Nalidixic acid, and intermediate to Streptomycin and Trimethoprim. Overall, Lactococcus garvieae has the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and the potential to produce bacteriocin.
Approaches to the Archaeology of Food
Authors: Samuel Delwen
Published: July 2024

The author, with Mark Nesbitt, was organiser of a pioneering series of seminars on Archaeology and Food held at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, early in 1996. We invited her to convert her opening address into an essay for PPC, to give our readers an idea of how archaeologists, on the eve of the next millennium, view the challenges and opportunities which confront them in dealing with all the manifold aspects of food.
Dorothy Hartley
Authors: Wondrausch Mary
Published: July 2024

Dorothy Hartley's book Food in England, the republication of which this year is celebrated on page 51, is perceived by many to be the greatest single contribution which has ever been made to English food history, if by that phrase is meant the history of the food eaten in rural England in the past. Now, more than ten years since her death, it is very good news that the author of this short essay is working on a full biography of Dorothy Hartley, taking in the other aspects of her life's work as well as her pioneering contribution to English food history. 
Like Dorothy Hartley, Mary Wondrausch is a woman of many talents and many activities. We are grateful to her for responding to our invitation to tell our readers something about Dorothy Hartley's life, so that our review of her book can be seen in a biographical context.
Register DOI Func Reg Test 07052024 Doc 002
Authors: Michelle J.K. Osterman
Published: July 2024

This report presents trends in primary and repeat cesarean delivery from 2016 to 2021 and recent changes in these rates by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, gestational age, and state of residence from 2019 to 2021.
Register DOI Func Reg Test 07052024 Doc 004
Authors: Michelle J.K. Osterman
Published: July 2024

This report presents trends in primary and repeat cesarean delivery from 2016 to 2021 and recent changes in these rates by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, gestational age, and state of residence from 2019 to 2021.
Daur al Mawāqi’ al Iliktrūniyah fī’ ‘Amaliyah al-Tarjamah min al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyah ila al-Lughah al-Indonesia wa Fa’āliyatuha (Muqāranah bayna Bing Translator wa ChatGPT)
Authors: Khoirurrosi Khoirurrosi , Sa'adi Zainur Rohmah
Published: July 2024

Purpose- This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Bing Translator and ChatGPT websites in translating Arabic text into Indonesian using the lyrics of the song "Haawil Marroh Ukhro" by Humood al-Khudr as the translation instrument.
Design/Methodology/Approach- The study employs a comparative method and adapted analysis of translation errors. Data collection involves translating lyrics using both applications, literature review, and translation references. Data analysis techniques include qualitative descriptive data analysis.
Findings- The study indicates a comparative and adapted analysis of translation errors. Data collection involves translating lyrics using both applications, literature review, and translation references. Data analysis techniques include qualitative descriptive data analysis.
Research Limitation/Implications- This study focuses on the Bing Translator and ChatGPT websites for translating the lyrics of the song "Haawil Marroh Ukhro" by Humood al-Khudr from Arabic into Indonesian.