bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle Fiber Diameter and Density Alterations after Stroke Examined by Single-Fiber EMG
Authors: Huang Chengjun , Yao Bo , Li Xiaoyan , Li Sheng , Zhou Ping
Published: August 2021

This study presents single-fiber electromyography (EMG) analysis for assessment of paretic muscle changes after stroke. Single-fiber action potentials (SFAPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle bilaterally in 12 individuals with hemiparetic stroke. The SFAP parameters, including the negative peak duration and the peak-peak amplitude, were measured and further used to estimate muscle fiber diameter through a model based on the quadratic function. The SFAP parameters, fiber density, and muscle fiber diameter derived from the model were compared between the paretic and contralateral muscles. The results show that SFAPs recorded from the paretic muscle had significantly smaller negative peak duration than that from the contralateral muscle. As a result, the derived muscle fiber diameter of the paretic muscle was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral muscle. The fiber density of the paretic muscle was significantly higher than that of the contralateral muscle. These results provide further evidence of remodeled motor units after stroke and suggest that paretic muscle weakness can be due to both complex central and peripheral neuromuscular alterations.
Improving Clinical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Dysfunctions in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Neurofeedback Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Markiewicz Renata , Markiewicz-Gospodarek Agnieszka , Dobrowolska Beata , Łoza Bartosz
Published: August 2021

Objectives. The aim of this study was to use neurofeedback (NF) training as the add-on therapy in patients with schizophrenia to improve their clinical, cognitive, and psychosocial condition. The study, thanks to the monitoring of various conditions, quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was supposed to give an insight into mechanisms underlying NF training results. Methods. Forty-four male patients with schizophrenia, currently in a stable, incomplete remission, were recruited into two, 3-month rehabilitation programs, with standard rehabilitation as a control group (R) or with add-on NF training (NF). Pre- and posttherapy primary outcomes were compared: clinical (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)), cognitive (Color Trails Test (CTT), d2 test), psychosocial functioning (General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), and Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS)), quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG), auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), and serum level of BDNF. Results. Both groups R and NF improved significantly in clinical ratings (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)). In-between analyses unveiled some advantages of add-on NF therapy over standard rehabilitation. GSES scores improved significantly, giving the NF group of patients greater ability to cope with stressful or difficult social demands. Also, the serum-level BDNF increased significantly more in the NF group. Post hoc analyses indicated the possibility of creating a separate PANSS subsyndrome, specifically related to cognitive, psychosocial, and BDNF effects of NF therapy. Conclusions. Neurofeedback can be effectively used as the add-on therapy in schizophrenia rehabilitation programs. The method requires further research regarding its clinical specificity and understanding mechanisms of action.
Dual Contraceptive Use and Factor Associated with People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mesfin Yibeltal , Argaw Muche , Geze Shegaw , Tefera Bitew
Published: August 2021

Introduction. A dual contraceptive method is the usage of any modern contraceptive method with male or female condoms which could lower sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy. Ethiopian standard utilization of dual contraceptive is low. The hassle is more severe for HIV/AIDS-infected people. Therefore, this review was aimed at assessing dual contraceptive utilization and factor associated with people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Method. International databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Hinari, Embase, African Journals Online, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and Ethiopian university repository online have been covered in this review. Microsoft Excel was used for extraction, and the Stata 14 software program was used for analysis. We detected the heterogeneity between studies using the Cochran

Q

statistic and

I

2

test. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Result. The overall prevalence of dual contraceptive use among people living with HIV/AIDS was 27.73% (95% CI: 20.26-35.19) in Ethiopia. Discussion with the partner (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 3.08-4.69), HIV status disclosure to the spouse/partner (OR: 2.810, 95% CI: 2.26-3.48), postdiagnosis counseling (OR: 5.00, 95% CI: 3.71-6.75), schooling in secondary and above education (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.41-5.93), partner involvement in counseling (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.99-3.82), urban residence (OR: 2.84, 95% CI 2.03-3.94), and having no fertility desire (OR: 4.01, 95% CI 2.91-5.57) were significantly associated with dual contraceptive use. Conclusion. Dual contraceptive utilization among people living with HIV/AIDS was found to be low in Ethiopia. This will be a significant concern unless future intervention focuses on rural residence, involvement of the partner in postdiagnosis counseling, encouraging the people living with HIV/AIDS to disclose HIV status, and discussion with the partner. Providing counseling during the antenatal and postnatal period also enhances dual contraceptive use.
Isolation, Crystal Structure, and In Silico Aromatase Inhibition Activity of Ergosta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol from the Fungus Gyromitra esculenta
Authors: Suleimen Yerlan Melsuly , Metwaly Ahmed M. , Mostafa Ahmad E. , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Liu Hong-Wei , Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Suleimen Raigul Nurbekkyzy , Ishmuratova Margarita Yulayevna , Turdybekov Koblandy Muboryakovich , Van Heсke Kristof
Published: August 2021

Ergosterol derivatives exhibited copious promising biological activities. The fungus Gyromitra esculenta is widely distributed in Europe and North America. In order to examine the chemical properties of Gyromitra esculenta, a phytochemical study has been preceded and resulted in the isolation of the steroid, ergosta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol (brassicasterol), from its methanol extract. The complete identification and absolute configuration of the isolated compound have been established by X-ray structural analysis to be (22E, 24R)-24-methylcholesta-5, 22-dien-3beta-ol. The reported cytotoxicity and the great structural similarity of the isolated compound with the cocrystallized ligand of the aromatase enzyme inspired us to run molecular docking studies against that protein. Ergosta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol occupied the target protein with a binding mode almost the same as the cocrystallized ligand and a binding affinity of −33.55 kcal/mol, which was better than that of the cocrystallized ligand (−22.61 kcal/mol). This promising result encouraged us to conduct in silico ADMET and toxicity studies of ergosta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol against 6 models, and the results expected the likeness of the isolated compound to be a drug. In conclusion, ergosta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol has been isolated from Gyromitra esculenta, identified by X-ray structural analysis, and exhibited promising in silico activities against aromatase enzyme.
miR‐129 Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the Expression of PTEN in Rats
Authors: Dai Zhao-Hui , Jiang Zhi-Ming , Tu Hua , Mao Li , Song Gui-Lin , Yang Zhong-Bao , Liu Fang , Ali Sheikh Md Sayed
Published: August 2021

PTEN/AKT signaling plays pivotal role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI), and miRNAs are involved in the regulation of AKT signaling. This study was designed to investigate the interaction between miR‐129 and PTEN in MIRI. A MIRI rat model and a hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) H9C2 cell model were constructed to simulate myocardial infarction clinically. TTC staining, creatine kinase (CK) activity, TUNEL/Hoechst double staining, Hoechst staining and flow cytometer were used for evaluating myocardial infarction or cell apoptosis. miR‐129 mimic transfection experiment and luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted for investigating the function of miR‐129 and the interaction between miR‐129 and PTEN, respectively. Real‐time PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze the gene expression. Compared to the control, MIRI rats presented obvious myocardial infarction, higher CK activity, increased expression of caspase‐3 and PTEN, decreased expression of miR‐129, and insufficient AKT phosphorylation. Consistently, H/R significantly increased the apoptosis of H9C2 cells, concomitant with the downregulation of miR‐129, upregulation of PTEN and caspase‐3, and insufficient phosphorylation of AKT, while miR‐129 mimic obviously inhibited the expression of PTEN and caspase‐3, increased the AKT phosphorylation, and decreased the cell apoptosis. Additionally, miR‐129 mimic obviously decreased the relative luciferase activity in H9C2 cells. To our best knowledge, this study firstly found that the low expression of miR‐129 accelerates the myocardial cell apoptosis by directly targeting 3 ′UTR of PTEN. miR‐129 is an important biomarker for MIRI, as well as a potential therapy target.
Self‐Organized Efficient Spectrum Management through Parallel Sensing in Cognitive Radio Network
Authors: Rahim Muddasir , Hussain Riaz , Khan Irfan Latif , Alvi Ahmad Naseem , Javed Muhammad Awais , Shakeel Atif , Hasan Qadeer Ul , Lee Byung Moo , Malik Shahzad A.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we propose an innovative self‐organizing medium access control mechanism for a distributed cognitive radio network (CRN) in which utilization is maximized by minimizing the collisions and missed opportunities. This is achieved by organizing the users of the CRN in a queue through a timer and user ID and providing channel access in an orderly fashion. To efficiently organize the users in a distributed, ad hoc network with less overhead, we reduce the sensing period through parallel sensing wherein the users are divided into different groups and each group is assigned a different portion of the primary spectrum band. This consequently augments the number of discovered spectrum holes which then are maximally utilized through the self‐organizing access scheme. The combination of two schemes augments the effective utilization of primary holes to above 95%, even in impasse situations due to heavy primary network loading, thereby achieving higher network throughput than that achieved when each of the two approaches are used in isolation. By efficiently combining parallel sensing with the self‐organizing MAC (PSO‐MAC), a synergy has been achieved that affords the gains which are more than the sum of the gains achieved through each one of these techniques individually. In an experimental scenario with 50% primary load, the network throughput achieved with combined parallel sensing and self‐organizing MAC is 50% higher compared to that of parallel sensing and 37% better than that of self‐organizing MAC. These results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the combined approach in achieving optimum performance in a CRN.
Effect of Inclined Magnetic Field on the Entropy Generation in an Annulus Filled with NEPCM Suspension
Authors: Seyyedi Seyyed Masoud , Hashemi-Tilehnoee M. , Sharifpur M.
Published: August 2021

The encapsulation technique of phase change materials in the nanodimension is an innovative approach to improve the heat transfer capability and solve the issues of corrosion during the melting process. This new type of nanoparticle is suspended in base fluids call NEPCMs, nanoencapsulated phase change materials. The goal of this work is to analyze the impacts of pertinent parameters on the free convection and entropy generation in an elliptical-shaped enclosure filled with NEPCMs by considering the effect of an inclined magnetic field. To reach the goal, the governing equations (energy, momentum, and mass conservation) are solved numerically by CVFEM. Currently, to overcome the low heat transfer problem of phase change material, the NEPCM suspension is used for industrial applications. Validation of results shows that they are acceptable. The results reveal that the values of

N

u

ave

descend with ascending Ha while

N

gen

has a maximum at

Ha
=
16

. Also, the value of

N

T
,
MF

increases with ascending

Ha

. The values of

N

u

ave

and

N

gen

depend on nondimensional fusion temperature where good performance is seen in the range of

0.35
<

θ

f

<
0.6

. Also,

Nu

ave

increases 19.9% and ECOP increases 28.8% whereas

N

gen

descends 6.9% when

ϕ

ascends from 0 to 0.06 at

θ

f

=
0.5

.

Nu

ave

decreases 4.95% while

N

gen

increases by 8.65% when

Ste

increases from 0.2 to 0.7 at

θ

f

=
0.35

.
Proactive Flexible Interval Intermittent Jamming for WAVE‐Based Vehicular Networks
Authors: Li Hao , Xing Xiaoshuang , Bi Anqi , Qian Jin
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we deal with the eavesdropping issue in Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments‐ (WAVE‐) based vehicular networks. A proactive flexible interval intermittent jamming (FIJ) approach is proposed which predicts the time length T of the physical layer packet to be transmitted by the legitimate user and designs flexible jamming interval (JI) and jamming‐free interval (JF) based on the predicted T. Our design prevents eavesdroppers from overhearing the information with low energy cost since the jamming signal is transmitted only within JI. Numerical analysis and simulation study validate the performance of our proactive FIJ, in terms of jamming energy cost and overhearing defense, by comparing with the existing intermittent jamming (IJ) and FIJ.
Specific Blood Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Emerging Field with Great Potential in Clinical Cell Therapy
Authors: Luo Qian , Li Honghu , Shan Wei , Wei Cong , Long Yan , Cai Shuyang , Zeng Xiangjun , Li Xue , Xu Yulin , Xu Xiaoxiao , Luo Yi , Qian Pengxu , Huang He
Published: August 2021

Widely known for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, stem cells can be differentiated into all specialized tissues and cells in the body. In the past few years, a number of researchers have focused on deriving hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as alternative sources for clinic. Existing findings demonstrated that it is feasible to obtain HSCs and certain mature blood lineages from PSCs, except for several issues to be addressed. This short review outlines the technologies used for hematopoietic differentiation in recent years. In addition, the therapeutic value of PSCs as a potential source of various blood cells is also discussed as well as its challenges and directions in future clinical applications.
The Cancer Microbiome: Recent Highlights and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Knippel Reece J. , Drewes Julia L. , Sears Cynthia L.
Published: August 2021

Knowledge of the human microbiome, which is likely a critical factor in the initiation, progression, and prognosis of multiple forms of cancer, is rapidly expanding. In this review, we focus on recent investigations to discern putative, causative microbial species and the microbiome composition and structure currently associated with procarcinogenesis and tumorigenesis at select body sites. We specifically highlight forms of cancer, gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal, that have significant bacterial associations and well-defined experimental evidence with the aim of generating directions for future experimental and translational investigations to develop a clearer understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms by which microbiota affect cancer formation.

Significance:

Emerging and, for some cancers, strong experimental and translational data support the contribution of the microbiome to cancer biology and disease progression. Disrupting microbiome features and pathways contributing to cancer may provide new approaches to improving cancer outcomes in patients.
Next-Generation Sequencing in Breast Cancer Management: A Case Report of Genomic Tumour Evolution over Time
Authors: Batista Marta Vaz , Alpuim Costa Diogo , Borralho Paula , Braga Sofia
Published: August 2021

The clinicopathological breast cancer subtypes are used in clinical practice to better anticipate biological behaviour and guide systemic treatment strategy. In the adjuvant setting, genomic assay recurrence scores became widely available for luminal-like disease. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been used, essentially, in more advanced disease setting, in situations refractory to conventional treatment, or even in rare cancers for which there are no established treatment guidelines. Moreover, subpopulations of cancer cells with unique genomes within the same patient may exist across different regions of a tumour or evolve over time, which is called intratumoural heterogeneity. We herein report a case of a 38-year-old woman with breast cancer whose primary and metastatic disease exhibited discordant expression of hormone receptors, with the former being positive and the latter negative. Furthermore, the NGS analysis revealed slight and dynamic changes of mutational profiles between different metastatic lesions, potentially impacting breast cancer management and prognosis. These alterations may reflect tissular and temporal changes in tumour subclones and may also be due to the selective pressure caused by antineoplastic treatment. The use of genomic analyses in order to improve cancer treatment has been studied prospectively with encouraging results. The widespread use of NGS tests in clinical practice also creates new challenges. The most relevant may be to know which genomic alterations detected should be valued and how they should be targeted.
Teaching factory, internal quality assurance system, and vocational teacher quality culture
Authors: Purnami Agustina Sri , Mulyanto Mulyanto , Utomo Susilo
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the effectiveness of the application of teaching factory learning and Internal Quality Assurance System on motivation of quality culture. This was a quantitative research which is analyzed using multiple regression. The sample used in this study were 79 teachers who were taken by purposive sampling. The instrument used to obtain data using a questionnaire. The results showed that the regression line equation  with the significance test of the F test= 60.414 with a significance level of 0.00, meaning that the equation is able to predict changes in the culture of teacher quality caused by changes in variants of teaching factory and Internal Quality Assurance System. The effect of teaching factory and Internal Quality Assurance System on motivation of quality culture stated the value of R2 is 0.530. In this regard, it can be concluded that there is an influence between teaching factory and Internal Quality Assurance System on motivation of quality culture.
How does educational technology answer challenges? Empirical theoretical studies and public perspectives
Authors: Thaariq Zahid Zufar At , Surahman Ence
Published: August 2021

Educational technology is part of a scientific that is mostly engaged in education. Actually, this scientific has significant benefits, especially in the field of education. However, many people do not understand the role of educational technology in education. This can be seen from the diverse perspectives of society on educational technology. When it is associated with educational technology science, there are many views of the community that are very opposite to the scientific clusters of educational technology taught from lectures. So, the purpose of this study was to find out the various perspectives of society regarding educational technology itself. This paper is presented with the addition of theoretical educational technology clumps. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. This study used indirect interviews, which means giving unstructured questions but still focusing on what will be researched. The subjects in this study were six participants who were people outside the educational technology scientific clump. In addition, the author also conducted a literature review which was taken from six articles from three different journals. The results of this study reveal a diverse picture of views on educational technology. All participants argue that educational technology has a significant role, but in terms of the dominant conception they still do not understand it like other scientific. From the results it can be a separate challenge for educational technology. It can be used as an alternative reference in improving the quality of educational technology, either through formal education or other forms.
Preservice biology teachers’ knowledge and usage level regarding lab equipment and materials
Authors: Gökmen Ahmet , Gürkan Burak , Katırcıoğlu Hikmet Türk
Published: August 2021

Laboratories are an indispensable part of the fundamental sciences. Laboratories are important learning environments that enable students to relate events to daily life as well as being places where theoretical knowledge is implemented. The present study investigated the knowledge and usage level of preservice biology teachers regarding lab equipment and materials. The study utilized a descriptive survey. A total of 61 preservice biology teachers from the Biology Education Department of a public university in Turkey constituted the participants. Lab Equipment and Materials Recognition Form that is developed by the researcher of the present study was used to collect data. In the design of this form, the 9–12 grade biology curriculum was first analyzed, and a list of frequently-used equipment and materials of biology laboratories was created in line with the opinions of field experts. The form included 40 laboratories equipment and materials and questions regarding the recognition of these items, their functions, and their application processes. The preservice teachers’ answers to these questions were graded as: zero points for each incorrect answer, one point for each partially correct answer, and two points for each correct answer. The data obtained were analyzed using cluster analysis, descriptive analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and independent samples T-test in SPSS27 software, and the Polycoric correlation coefficient in Factor Analysis software. The results revealed that the preservice teachers mainly recognize the biology laboratories equipment and materials but generally lack information regarding the application process of laboratories equipment and materials.
Mitigating turnover intention among private school teachers
Authors: Alifuddin Moh. , Widodo W
Published: August 2021

This study explored the effect of compensation on teachers’ turnover intention mediated by organizational commitment. The research data was collected by a questionnaire through the survey methods toward 207 honorary teachers of a private school in Indonesia. Data analysis employed path analysis, supported by descriptive statistics and a correlational matrix. The result indicated that compensation significantly affects teachers’ turnover intention meditating by organizational commitment. This study also found a fit research model that can discuss among researchers and practitioners as references/discourse or a strategy for mitigating turnover intention in various contexts and research fields.
Assessment and verification: A higher education perspective
Authors: Munna Afzal Sayed
Published: August 2021

The term Assessment and Verification is an integral part of the student achievement and considered as a fundamental function of higher education. Assessment and verification confirm and assures the academic integrity and standard which has a vital impact on student behaviour, colleagues’ involvements, the university reputation and finally the student’s future lives. The research aimed to explore various academic and industry-based literatures to analyse the importance of assessment and verification and to identify areas to ensure reliability in assessment by testing skills and knowledge. The research used experimental research methods (primarily reflection) using literary forms to analyse the theory with the reinforcement of the practice from the university experiences. It also has collected data using semi-structured interview from mutually agreed department colleagues from five different higher educational institutes consists of three universities and two alternative providers based in London, United Kingdom. The result showed that assessment in higher educational institutes have not kept pace with the changes and no longer justify the outcomes we expect from a university education in relation to wide-ranging knowledge, skills, and employability.  The research findings enable the educators to help create and implement an inclusive teaching and learning environment to improve the learner’s expectation and academic performance.
Researching anxiety of pre-service teachers in teaching science and mathematics program
Authors: Prachagool Veena , Nuangchalerm Prasart , Juhji Juhji , Thavornsil Thanapol
Published: August 2021

This study purposed to investigate researching anxiety of pre-service teachers that might want to explain why they are able to learn successfully in the context of difference in program of study. There were 15 pre-service teachers in M.Ed. program of teaching science and mathematics voluntary participated. Learning Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) was employed their anxiety towards learning through Google Form. The study revealed that pre-service teachers had anxiety at medium level. However, some of item present they had different level of anxiety. The effective learning for decreasing level anxiety needs to be more discussed.
Influence of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films
Authors: Jadhav Sarika Vishvnbath , Ravangave Limbraj Sopan
Published: August 2021

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited for five different molarity (M) of Zinc acetate hydrated (0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175 M) using simple spray technique to study the effect of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties. The XRD patterns of deposited ZnO thin films show hexagonal crystal structure with wurtzite symmetry. The effect of molarity on morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis was studied by using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical absorption was recorded by using systronics double beam spectrophotometer (2201). Crystallite size estimated from XRD data was in nanometre (nm) range; however, films deposited for 0.15 M zinc acetate show maximum crystallite size (66 nm) as compared to other samples. All the films show low absorption in wide range (340-999 nm) of electromagnetic spectrum. However, ZnO film deposited for 0.15 zinc acetate hydrated shows maximum blue shifting of absorption edge and higher band gap (3.8 eV) as compared to other samples.
Enhanced model based algorithm to reinforce PV system with dynamic MPPT capability
Authors: Ehtesham Md
Published: August 2021

Photovoltaic (PV) power has emerged as the most attractive resource in form of a clean and green energy. However, one major challenge associated with PV interfacing is its intermittent output characteristic which varies dramatically with the operating conditions. Thus designing an effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is a key aspect for optimizing PV system performance. Numerous MPPT algorithms have been proposed earlier having their own specific advantages. However, these are found to have two major limitations which have to be essentially addressed. Firstly, they become ineffective in the dynamic conditions where there is rapid change in environmental parameters like insolation and temperature. Secondly, they fail to discriminate between global and local peaks under partial shading conditions. Therefore, to achieve a reliable and efficient system operation, this paper presents an enhanced model-based (MB) algorithm that overcomes both these deficiencies. Based on new governing equations and precised estimation technique, it predetermines the MPP analytically. First simulated results are obtained where it is tested for dynamic variations of all the three parameters. Then the experimental validation is carried out on a 2 KW installed panel where real time data is recorded through CR1000 data logger and environmental parameters are sensed with elements like pyranometer and humidity sensor. A large number of experimental results are obtained for tracked MPP in the dynamic conditions, which are then summarized in tabular forms. These are finally plotted and compared with simulated results to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed MB algorithm.
Frequency regulation service of multiple-areas vehicle to grid application in hierarchical control architecture
Authors: Wirasanti Paramet , Premrudeepreechacharn Suttichai
Published: August 2021

Regarding a potential of electric vehicles, it has been widely discussed that the electric vehicle can be participated in electricity ancillary services. Among the ancillary service products, the system frequency regulation is often considered. However, the participation in this service has to be conformed to the hierarchical frequency control architecture. Therefore, the vehicle to grid (V2G) application in this article is proposed in the term of multiple-areas of operation. The multiple-areas in this article are concerned as parking areas, which the parking areas can be implied as a V2G operator. From that, V2G operator can obtain the control signal from hierarchical control architecture for power sharing purpose. A power sharing concept between areas is fulfilled by a proposed adaptive droop factor based on battery state of charge and available capacity of parking area. A nonlinear multiplier factor is used for the droop adaptation. An available capacity is also applied as a limitation for the V2G operation. The available capacity is analyzed through a stochastic character. As the V2G application has to be cooperated with the hierarchical control functions, i.e. primary control and secondary control, then the effect of V2G on hierarchical control functions is investigated and discussed.
Resource aware wind farm and D-STATCOM optimal sizing and placement in a distribution power system
Authors: Ansari Anzum , Byalihal Shankarlingappa C.
Published: August 2021

Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) based wind farms are capable of providing reactive power compensation. Compensation capability enhancement using reactors such as distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) while connecting distribution generation (DG) systems to grid is imperative. This paper presents an optimal placement and sizing of offshore wind farms in a coastal distribution system that is emulated on an IEEE 33 bus system. A multi-objective formulation for optimal placement and sizing of the offshore wind farms with both the location and size constraints is developed. Teaching learning algorithm is used to optimize the multi-objective function constraining on the capacity and location of the offshore wind farms. The proposed formulation is a multi-objective problem for placement of the wind generator in the power system with dynamic wind supply to the power system. The random wind speed is generated as the input and the wind farm output generated to perform the optimal sizing and placement in the distributed system. MATLAB based simulation developed is found to be efficient and robust.
Investigation of overvoltage on square, rectangular and L-shaped ground grids of high voltage substations by ATP/EMTP
Authors: Luewattana Krung , Rattanasena Paweena
Published: August 2021

Ground grid system is important for preventing the hazardous effects of overvoltage in high voltage substations due to fault current perhaps from lightning strike or device malfunction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of overvoltage on square, rectangular and L-shaped ground grids with ground rods being distributed in mesh-pattern by using alternate transients program/electromagnetic transients program (ATP/EMTP) program. The models were simulated in the cases that 25 kA-fault current being injected into the center or one of the corners of ground grids. The results showed that the highest level of overvoltage (6.3349 kV) was detected at the corner of rectangular ground grid when the fault current was injected into its corner. However, the lowest level of overvoltage was found when the fault current was injected into the center of square ground grid. The results from this study indicated that ATP/EMTP program was useful for preliminary investigation of overvoltage on ground grids of different shapes. The obtained knowledge could be beneficial for further designing of ground grid systems of high voltage substations to receive the minimal damages due to fault current.
Evaluation of exponential moving average application to smooth the power output of wind turbine with different control modes
Authors: Phan Dinh Chung , Luu Ngọc An
Published: August 2021

This paper focused on evaluating the application of exponential moving average method into wind turbine to smooth its power output without an energy storage system or an anemometer. Wind turbine control modes including active power control mode and rotor speed control mode are considered. For each control mode, two positions of the Exponential Moving Average method in controller were compared to choose the best position. Additionally, the impact of smoothing factor on wind turbine performance was also considered to determine a reasonable value of the smoothing factor for each control mode. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink indicated that, for wind turbine using rotor speed control mode, the Exponential Moving Average method should be applied to reduce the variation of actual rotor speed signal while for wind turbine with the power control mode, it should be used to smooth reference power signal. From the performance of wind turbine with different smoothing factor values, we can suggest that the smoothing factor value should be set at 0.5 and 0.4 for the power control mode and the rotor speed control mode, respectively.
Power system operation considering detailed modelling of the natural gas supply network
Authors: Moreno Ricardo , Larrahondo Diego , Florez Oscar
Published: August 2021

The energy transition from fossil-fuel generators to renewable energies represents a paramount challenge. This is mainly due to the uncertainty and unpredictability associated with renewable resources. A greater flexibility is requested for power system operation to fulfill demand requirements considering security and economic restrictions. In particular, the use of gas-fired generators has increased to enhance system flexibility in response to the integration of renewable energy sources. This paper provides a comprehensive formulation for modeling a natural gas supply network to provide gas for thermal generators, considering the use of wind power sources for the operation of the electrical system over a 24-hour period. The results indicate the requirements of gas with different wind power level of integration. The model is evaluated on a network of 20 NG nodes and on a 24-bus IEEE RTS system with various operative settings during a 24-hour period.
Using CaCO3-doped package to improve correlated color temperature uniformity of white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Nguyen Thi My Hanh , Phuong Loan Nguyen Thi , Bui Thuc Minh , Ngoc Hoang Van
Published: August 2021

The white light-emitting diode (WLED) has been the most advance lighting method currently, however, the fabrication process of this configuration still has drawbacks which negatively affect its color quality. This research was conducted to provide a method for WLED’s lighting output enhancement. Since CaCO3 particles are excellent for thermal stability enhancement, especially when being combined with an adhesive substance, we decided to integrate CO3 particles into resin matrix such as melamine formaldehyde (MF) and investigate their influences on the optical properties, including color uniformity and lumen output, of the WLED. The results showed that CaCO3 and MF resin are beneficial to the light scattering efficiency, which results in higher luminous flux and chromatic quality for WLED packages. In addition to that, the appropriate amounts of MF resin and CaCO3 for reaching the best lumen efficiency and color quality are figured out at 1% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, another advantage of using MF resin and CaCO3 for fabricating WLEDs is cost effectiveness. Hence, it has turned out that CaCO3 and MF resins can be potential materials for next high-quality WLED generations.
A one decade survey of autonomous mobile robot systems
Authors: Zghair Noor Abdul Khaleq , Al-Araji Ahmed S.
Published: August 2021

Recently, autonomous mobile robots have gained popularity in the modern world due to their relevance technology and application in real world situations. The global market for mobile robots will grow significantly over the next 20 years. Autonomous mobile robots are found in many fields including institutions, industry, business, hospitals, agriculture as well as private households for the purpose of improving day-to-day activities and services. The development of technology has increased in the requirements for mobile robots because of the services and tasks provided by them, like rescue and research operations, surveillance, carry heavy objects and so on. Researchers have conducted many works on the importance of robots, their uses, and problems. This article aims to analyze the control system of mobile robots and the way robots have the ability of moving in real-world to achieve their goals. It should be noted that there are several technological directions in a mobile robot industry. It must be observed and integrated so that the robot functions properly: Navigation systems, localization systems, detection systems (sensors) along with motion and kinematics and dynamics systems. All such systems should be united through a control unit; thus, the mission or work of mobile robots are conducted with reliability.
Local information pattern descriptor for corneal diseases diagnosis
Authors: Jameel Samer Kais , Aydin Sezgin , H. Ghaeb Nebras
Published: August 2021

Light penetrates the human eye through the cornea, which is the outer part of the eye, and then the cornea directs it to the pupil to determine the amount of light that reaches the lens of the eye. Accordingly, the human cornea must not be exposed to any damage or disease that may lead to human vision disturbances. Such damages can be revealed by topographic images used by ophthalmologists. Consequently, an important priority is the early and accurate diagnosis of diseases that may aﬀect corneal integrity through the use of machine learning algorithms, particularly, use of local feature extractions for the image. Accordingly, we suggest a new algorithm called local information pattern (LIP) descriptor to overcome the lack of local binary patterns that loss of information from the image and solve the problem of image rotation. The LIP based on utilizing the sub-image center intensity for estimating neighbors' weights that can use to calculate what so-called contrast based centre (CBC). On the other hand, calculating local pattern (LP) for each block image, to distinguish between two sub-images having the same CBC. LP is the sum of transitions of neighbors' weights, from sub-image center value to one and vice versa. Finally, creating histograms for both CBC and LP, then blending them to represent a robust local feature vector. Which can use for diagnosing, detecting.
An efficient encode-decode deep learning network for lane markings instant segmentation
Authors: Al Mamun A. , Em P. P. , Hossen J.
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) has been incorporated with a distinct type of progressive and essential features. One of the most preliminary and significant features of the ADAS is lane marking detection, which permits the vehicle to keep in a particular road lane itself. It has been detected by utilizing high-specialized, handcrafted features and distinct post-processing approaches lead to less accurate, less efficient, and high computational framework under different environmental conditions. Hence, this research proposed a simple encode-decode deep learning approach under distinguishing environmental effects like different daytime, multiple lanes, different traffic condition, good and medium weather conditions for detecting the lane markings more accurately and efficiently. The proposed model is emphasized on the simple encode-decode Seg-Net framework incorporated with VGG16 architecture that has been trained by using the inequity and cross-entropy losses to obtain more accurate instant segmentation result of lane markings. The framework has been trained and tested on a vast public dataset named Tusimple, which includes around 3.6K training and 2.7 k testing image frames of different environmental conditions. The model has noted the highest accuracy, 96.61%, F1 score 96.34%, precision 98.91%, and recall 93.89%. Also, it has also obtained the lowest 3.125% false positive and 1.259% false-negative value, which transcended some of the previous researches. It is expected to assist significantly in the field of lane markings detection applying deep neural networks.
Mining knowledge graphs to map heterogeneous relations between the internet of things patterns
Authors: Sithole Vusi , Marshall Linda
Published: August 2021

Patterns for the internet of things (IoT) which represent proven solutions used to solve design problems in the IoT are numerous. Similar to object-oriented design patterns, these IoT patterns contain multiple mutual heterogeneous relationships. However, these pattern relationships are hidden and virtually unidentified in most documents. In this paper, we use machine learning techniques to automatically mine knowledge graphs to map these relationships between several IoT patterns. The end result is a semantic knowledge graph database which outlines patterns as vertices and their relations as edges. We have identified four main relationships between the IoT patterns-a pattern is similar to another pattern if it addresses the same use case problem, a large-scale pattern uses a small- scale pattern in a lower level layer, a large pattern is composed of multiple smaller scale patterns underneath it, and patterns complement and combine with each other to resolve a given use case problem. Our results show some promising prospects towards the use of machine learning techniques to generate an automated repository to organise the IoT patterns, which are usually extracted at various levels of abstraction and granularity.
Analysis of electromagnetic pollution by means of geographic information system
Authors: Henao-Cespedes Vladimir , Garcés-Gómez Yeison Alberto
Published: August 2021

Currently, telecommunications systems have become more widespread and there is still a discrepancy between whether or not non-ionizing radiation produces health problems in living beings at cellular level. From an experimental point of view, it is interesting to raise the correlation of high levels of electromagnetic pollution with health problems in urban populations which would make it possible to clearly determine the effects of this type of radiation on human health and the environment. By means of remote sensing, a geographic information system (GIS) has been developed for the analysis of electromagnetic pollution levels generated by emissions from non-ionizing radiation (NIR) sources in a city. A method for measuring electromagnetic pollution was applied, which allows the generation of a table of attributes of the GIS that is the input to generate by inverse distance weighting (IDW), the layer of electromagnetic pollution. The method, as a case study, was applied in the city of Manizales, located in Colombia, obtaining as a result a layer that allows evidence that the highest levels of electromagnetic pollution are concentrated in the most central area of the city. In this way, the effects of NIR on public health can be analyzed by means of correlations.
Performance analysis of massive multiple input multiple output for high speed railway
Authors: Bhatt Maharshi K. , Sedani Bhavin S. , Borisagar Komal
Published: August 2021

This paper analytically reviews the performance of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system for communication in highly mobility scenarios like high speed Railways. As popularity of high speed train increasing day by day, high data rate wireless communication system for high speed train is extremely required. 5G wireless communication systems must be designed to meet the requirement of high speed broadband services at speed of around 500 km/h, which is the expected speed achievable by HSR systems, at a data rate of 180 Mbps or higher. Significant challenges of high mobility communications are fast time-varying fading, channel estimation errors, doppler diversity, carrier frequency offset, inter carrier interference, high penetration loss and fast and frequent handovers. Therefore, crucial requirement to design high mobility communication channel models or systems prevails. Recently, massive MIMO techniques have been proposed to significantly improve the performance of wireless networks for upcoming 5G technology. Massive MIMO provide high throughput and high energy efficiency in wireless communication channel. In this paper, key findings, challenges and requirements to provide high speed wireless communication onboard the high speed train is pointed out after thorough literature review. In last, future research scope to bridge the research gap by designing efficient channel model by using massive MIMO and other optimization method is mentioned.
A non-negative matrix factorization based clustering to identify potential tuna fishing zones
Authors: Fitrianah Devi , Fahmi Hisyam , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar , Ning-Tan Pang , Arymurthy Aniati Murni
Published: August 2021

Many nonnegative matrix factorization based clusterings are employed in discovering pattern and knowledge. Considering the sparseness nature of our data set about the daily tuna fishing data, we attempted to utilize a clustering approach, which is based on non-negative matrix factorization. Adding sparseness constraint and assigning good initial value in the modified NMF method, a proposed algorithm Direct-NMFSC yielded better result cluster compared to other methods which are also utilizing sparse constraint to their approaches, SNMF and NMFSC. The result of this study shows that Direct-NMFSC has 5.376 times of iteration number less than NMFSC in average with 531.97 as the CH index result. The determination of potential fishing zones is one of the essential efforts in the potential fishing zone mapping system for tuna fishing. By means of this novel data-driven study to construct the information and to identify the potential tuna fishing zones is done. We also showed that utilizing the Direct-NMFSC can spot and identify the potential tuna fishing zones presented in red cluster that covers both the spatial and temporal information.