bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Trojan Horse in the Citadel of Stories?
Authors: Hartley John
Published: January 2018

Digital storytelling is an international movement for self-representation and advocacy, especially in educational, arts, and therapeutic communities. It has begun to attract a significant body of scholarship including publications and conferences. Australia has been an important player in all of these developments. In this presentation I explore some of the issues that have emerged for activists and scholars, including the problem of how to ‘scale up’ from self-expression to communication (i.e. self-marketing), and the question of the role that stories play in constituting ‘we’-communities (or ‘demes’).

The paper pursues the relationship between storytelling and political narrative over the extreme long term (longue durée), using well known and lesser-known connections between Australia and Turkey to tell the tale. It considers how digital self-representation intersects with that political process, and what activists need to know in order to intervene more effectively.

The paper is in five parts: (1) Gevinson; (2) Gallipoli; (3) Granddad; (4) Göbekli Tepe; (5) Gotcha? It seeks to place digital storytelling within a larger framework that links storytelling with the evolution of the polity. The analysis ultimately points to a looming problem for the digital storytelling movement – and possibly for human socio-cultural evolution too. In the crisis of ‘we’ communities that arises with the possibility of a globally networked polity, we need new guides to storytelling action, not the old (Trojan) warhorses of mainstream media. Events such as the centenary of World War I present unexpected opportunities for this kind of exploration.
Learning from the use of media in community-led design projects
Authors: Alexiou K. , Alevizou K. , Zamenopoulos T. , deSousa S. , Dredge L.
Published: January 2018

Community-led design is a practice whereby people take the opportunity to engage directly and creatively in the formulation of solutions for their own environment. In community-led design, professionals, stakeholders and communities come together to develop sustainable solutions to complex design and planning problems. Such projects can include the co-creation of public spaces, communal and public services, as well as processes and tools for citizen participation.

Web 2.0 technologies and social media offer new opportunities for community-led design, potentially transforming the ways in which people take part in these processes and their ability to make an impact. This paper reports insights from the use of different types of media in community-led design projects and reflects on their role and their value for those involved, as well as for their wider communities.
Obstacles to Creative Citizenship
Authors: Miller James
Published: January 2018

The Creative Citizens project asks whether new media enhance new forms and scale of creative civic activities. If so, the project seeks to identify practices that will exploit this new individual and collective activity, presumably as a means of achieving authentic self-governance. This paper considers three potential obstacles to the realization of a creative citizenship: that the sort of political engagement it fosters may be too personal and episodic; that the commonsensical political knowledge typical of politics known at a distance as performance and simulation may impose further limits on effective understanding and engagement; and that the emerging new media environment may be different enough that today’s digital skills and relationships may be insufficient in the medium term. The paper looks at the same conditions that inspire the creative citizenship project and reaches reverse conclusions – but not on the grounds of nostalgia or pessimism.
Owning your emotions or sentimental navel-gazing: Digital storytelling with South African pre-service student educators
Authors: Gachago Daniela , Ivala Eunice , Chigona Agnes , Condy Janet
Published: January 2018

Literature argues that for post-conflict pedagogies to facilitate student engagement across difference it requires emotional engagement with the subject. However, how to achieve such emotional engagement, without falling into the trap of sentimentality, is an area that is under-researched. This paper reflects on conversations with South African students in a final year pre-service teacher-training programme, who developed digital stories as a vehicle for student engagement across difference. Applying ‘critical emotional reflexivity’ (Zembylas 2011) as an analytical framework, we found that students described the digital storytelling process as opening up different ways of being with/for the ‘Other’ and allowing them to start questioning cherished beliefs and assumptions about the ‘Other’. However, they had difficulties in placing themselves in a bigger historical and sociocultural context. Furthermore, the specific set-up of the project made it difficult to track lasting social change within students, the fourth element of Zembylas’ theoretical framework. Findings also confirmed the potential of digital stories to lead to sentimentality and ‘passive empathy’ (Boler 1999), characterised by pity from the part of the privileged observer and resentment from the subjugated storyteller. We recommend adding a historical-political analysis of previous students’ stories to the digital storytelling process in order to help students deconstruct positions premised on the existence of clearly differentiated identities and to consciously create spaces where a reflection on the emotions students encountered while sharing and listening to their stories can be facilitated.
Financial Inclusion, Bank Competitiveness and Credit Risk of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Musau Salome , Muathe Stephen , Mwangi Lucy
Published: January 2018

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the synergies and trade-offs between financial inclusion and credit risk of commercial banks in Kenya. The paper analyzed the effect of financial inclusion on credit risk and the mediation effect of bank competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. Financial inclusion was measured using three dimensions of bank availability, bank accessibility and bank usage, bank competitiveness used (HHI) while credit risk was represented by the non performing loans ratio. The study was anchored on financial intermediation theory supported by finance growth theory and asymmetry information theory. The target population was all the 43 commercial banks in Kenya. The study used secondary data collected from Central Bank of Kenya annual reports; commercial banks of Kenya published audited financial statements and annual data from Central Bureau of statistics of Kenya for the period of 2007-2015. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel multiple regression analysis. The results obtained found that bank availability, bank accessibility and bank usage had significant effect on credit risk of commercial banks in Kenya. Bank competitiveness was found to partially mediate the relationship between financial inclusion and credit risk. From the findings the study concluded that financial inclusion has a significant effect on stability of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that commercial banks to formulate policies to ensure they remain stable and competitive while accommodating their activities to ensure financial inclusion, hence forming an all inclusive and stable financial sector over time.
De speciale overnamecommissie in nationaal en rechtsvergelijkend perspectief
Authors: Groen C. , Koster H.
Published: January 2018

De speciale overnamecommissie in nationaal en rechtsvergelijkend perspectief

De afgelopen jaren is de aandacht voor de rol en de positie van de raad van commissarissen (RvC) van een doelvennootschap bij een overname toegenomen. Het komt in de praktijk regelmatig voor dat de RvC (mede) uit zijn midden een speciale overnamecommissie of stuurgroep vormt die specifiek belast is met een juiste afwikkeling van het overnameproces. In dit artikel gaan de auteurs in op de rol en vormgeving van deze speciale overnamecommissie.
About weldability and welding of Al alloys:
case study and problem solving
Authors: Fracchia E. , Gobber F. , Rosso M.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: Among many disciplines within engineering, welding is probably one of the most
inexact – rather more of an art than a science. As weldment is meant the complete joint
comprising the weld metal, heat affected zones (HAZ) and the adjacent parent metal and
should have the same properties as the parent metal. This paper aims provides a basic
understanding of the metallurgical principles involved in how aluminium alloys achieve their
strength and how welding can affect these properties. The most important and applied
welding processes to Al alloys are here shortly introduced, as well as the preparation of
parent metals prior to welding and good welding practice to avoid and/or keep under control
defects and failures. Some case studies with possible failures will be introduced together
with actions and suggestions to solve the observed problems.
Design/methodology/approach: Two sheets of the EN AW 5454 (AlMg3Mn) alloy were
weld with resistance welding process and after a mechanical processing of lamination
was observed the presence of the defect. The microstructure of the defect as well as the
welded part were evaluated with stereomicroscope (LEICA MS5), optical microscope (LEICA
MEF4M), and with SEM analysis (LEO 1540 VP equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscope Oxford Link Pentafet).
Findings: The well welded part was analysed with optical microscopy and electronic
microscopy resulting with the attended mechanical properties. Micro-hardness indentations
on the joint demonstrated the good mechanical properties of the joint while with the
microscopic observations were identified the orientation and presence of precipitates typical
of this alloy. In the defect, microscopically observations showed the presence of oxide
inclusions.
Research limitations/implications: There are a number of problems associated with
the welding of aluminium and its alloys that make it difficult to achieve this ideal. The
features and defects that may contribute to the loss of properties comprise the following:
gas porosity, oxide inclusions and oxide filming, solidification (hot) cracking or hot tearing,
reduced strength in the weld and HAZ, lack of fusion, reduced corrosion resistance and
reduced electrical resistance.
Originality/value: This case study illustrated clearly the importance of the cleaning on the
surfaces to obtain a well welded joint ensuring the desired mechanical properties.
A escrita no ensino superior e os efeitos do desenvolvimento profissional na formação do professor de língua materna
Authors: Leurquin Eulália Vera Lúcia Fraga
Published: January 2018

Os estagiários do curso de Letras participam de práticas sociais escritas seja na sala de aula ou fora dela. Apesar disso, observamos que eles apresentam dificuldades em interagir através da escrita. Com esse artigo, nosso objetivo é refletir sobre a escrita nesse universo social e profissional, considerando os efeitos sobre a formação docente. Por isso, fazemos o levantamento dos conteúdos temáticos e estabelecemos relações com os tipos de discurso (BRONCKART 1999, 2004, 2008, 2009) em dez relatórios de regência, produzidos em 2013 e 2014. Assumimos a concepção de relatório definida por XXXXXXX (2008) e indicamos relações da linguagem com o trabalho do estagiário (AMIGUES, 2004; CLOT, 1999; LACOSTE, 1998). Ampliamos o contexto do trabalho docente descrito por Machado (2008), adaptando-o ao contexto do estágio docente (XXXXXXX, no prelo). Os dados analisados revelam que o relatório de estágio é um importante instrumento de análise do trabalho do estagiário. Ele nos permite identificar as dimensões linguageira, instrumental, coletiva, cognitiva e prescritiva do trabalho do estagiário.

 

 
Pour des réconciliations ecclésiales, religieuses et personnelles
Authors: Lepage Rémi
Published: January 2018

Puisque les communautés chrétiennes connaissent non seulement des tensions, mais aussi des blessures et parfois même de l’oppression venant d’attitudes cléricales, la réconciliation les concerne. À ce titre, le modèle des communautés locales du diocèse de Poitiers, en France, peut servir d’exemple. Développé depuis une vingtaine d’années et misant sur les liens de proximité entre tous les baptisés d’un même milieu, clercs et laïcs, ce modèle fait une option fondamentale pour la confiance, une attitude qui fait croire que malgré des blessures subies, il demeure possible de faire la vérité et d’entrer dans une histoire commune renouvelée. La confiance apparaît ainsi comme une clé de la réconciliation, qu’elle soit vécue sur le plan ecclésial, religieux ou personnel. Des réconciliations ecclésiales font dépasser des attitudes cléricales pour oser inclure tous les baptisés et faire place à leurs charismes pour le bien de la communauté. Des réconciliations religieuses amènent à laisser tomber les distinctions entre le sacré et le profane pour accepter avec confiance le mystérieux, l’insaisissable, l’incontrôlable dans l’expérience de foi. Quant aux réconciliations personnelles, elles deviennent nécessaires lorsqu’on s’est laissé prendre par des valeurs véhiculées par des attitudes cléricales. Elles impliquent alors de reprendre confiance en ses ressources intérieures pour arriver à plonger à nouveau dans le mystère de la foi.
Payment for environmental services gambling and residents compensation amount estimation from the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China
Authors: Shu Lin
Published: January 2018

The gambling phenomenon is formed by the complex relationship between sources and receptors of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders. This paper investigates the problem of payment amount gambling, and details a method to estimate the amount of ecological compensation that should be given for impacted water resources in the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China. Public statistics and first-hand data obtained from the field investigation were used as data sources. Estimation of the source and receptor amount of ecological compensation relevant to the water resource being investigated was achieved using the contingent valuation method. The ecological compensation object and its benefit and gambling for the Wuxijiang River water source area are also analyzed in this paper. According to the results of a Contingent Value Method (CVM) survey, the ecological compensation standard of Wuxijiang River was determined by the contingent valuation method, and the amount of compensation was estimated. Fifteen blocks downstream of the Wuxijiang River and 12 blocks in the water source areawere used as samples to administer a survey that estimated the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept the ecological compensation of Wuxijiang River for both non-parametric and parametric estimation. Finally, the theoretical value of the ecological compensation amount was estimated.
Surface Winds and Dust Biases in Climate Models
Authors: Evan A. T.
Published: January 2018

An analysis of North African dust from models participating in the Fifth Climate Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) suggested that, when forced by observed sea surface temperatures, these models were unable to reproduce any aspects of the observed year‐to‐year variability in dust from North Africa. Consequently, there would be little reason to have confidence in the models' projections of changes in dust over the 21st century. However, no subsequent study has elucidated the root causes of the disagreement between CMIP5 and observed dust. Here I develop an idealized model of dust emission and then use this model to show that, over North Africa, such biases in CMIP5 models are due to errors in the surface wind fields and not due to the representation of dust emission processes. These results also suggest that because the surface wind field over North Africa is highly spatially autocorrelated, intermodel differences in the spatial structure of dust emission have little effect on the relative change in year‐to‐year dust emission over the continent. I use these results to show that similar biases in North African dust from the NASA Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) version 2 surface wind field biases but that these wind biases were not present in the first version of MERRA.
Large‐Sized Classes
Authors: Shamim Fauzia , Coleman Hywel
Published: January 2018

Large‐sized classes are widespread around the world, but large ESL/ESOL classes occur mainly in under‐resourced contexts. There is no consensus on the size of a “large” class, but there is agreement that class size is one variable that interacts with and upon other variables. Research on the relationship between class size and achievement has been undertaken for over a century, but the findings have generally been contradictory or inconclusive. In contrast, teachers have always reported discomfort in teaching large classes. Recently, there have been attempts to describe what happens in different size classes. Reducing class size is expensive and brings uncertain benefits, so attention has turned from searching for the “optimum” class size to finding alternatives for improving teaching‐learning quality. Current emphasis, particularly in under‐resourced contexts, is on developing a contextually‐appropriate pedagogy, and deriving principles for “good practice” for large classes. This has implications for teacher research and development.
Polysilazane‐Type Coatings on Mo–Si–B Alloys: A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Phase Composition
Authors: Smokovych Iryna , Scheffler Michael
Published: January 2018

Thermodynamic analysis is conducted to identify the most probable phase composition of a polysilazane‐type coating system on Mo–Mo3Si(A15)–Mo5SiB2(T2) alloy. The Free Gibbs Energy of chemical reactions between these constituents and resulting phases are calculated. Silicon nitrides, silicon oxynitrides, and molybdenum silicides have been found in the phase equilibrium between the gas phase and condensed species of the proposed coating system. Silicon oxynitride and silica as components in the coating system are potential candidates for Mo–Si–B alloy oxidation protection in air at high temperatures.
Degenerately Hydrogen Doped Molybdenum Oxide Nanodisks for Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Biosensing
Authors: Zhang Bao Yue , Zavabeti Ali , Chrimes Adam F. , Haque Farjana , O'Dell Luke A. , Khan Hareem , Syed Nitu , Datta Robi , Wang Yichao , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Daeneke Torben , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh , Ou Jian Zhen
Published: January 2018

Plasmonic biosensors based on noble metals generally suffer from low sensitivities if the perturbation of refractive‐index in the ambient is not significant. By contrast, the features of degenerately doped semiconductors offer new dimensions for plasmonic biosensing, by allowing charge‐based detection. Here, this concept is demonstrated in plasmonic hydrogen doped molybdenum oxides (HxMoO3), with the morphology of 2D nanodisks, using a representative enzymatic glucose sensing model. Based on the ultrahigh capacity of the molybdenum oxide nanodisks for accommodating H+, the plasmon resonance wavelengths of HxMoO3 are shifted into visible‐near‐infrared wavelengths. These plasmonic features alter significantly as a function of the intercalated H+ concentration. The facile H+ deintercalation out of HxMoO3 provides an exceptional sensitivity and fast kinetics to charge perturbations during enzymatic oxidation. The optimum sensing response is found at H1.55MoO3, achieving a detection limit of 2 × 10−9m at 410 nm, even when the biosensing platform is adapted into a light‐emitting diode‐photodetector setup. The performance is superior in comparison to all previously reported plasmonic enzymatic glucose sensors, providing a great opportunity in developing high performance biosensors.
Mechanically Robust, Self‐Healable, and Highly Stretchable “Living” Crosslinked Polyurethane Based on a Reversible CC Bond
Authors: Zhang Ze Ping , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu
Published: January 2018

Stimuli‐responsive polymers built by reversible covalent bonds used to possess unbalanced mechanical properties. Here, a crosslinked polyurethane containing aromatic pinacol as a novel reversible CC bond provider is synthesized, whose tensile strength and failure strain are tunable from 27.3 MPa to as high as 115.2 MPa and from 324% to 1501%, respectively, owing to the relatively high bond energy of the CC bond of pinacol as well as the hydrogen bond between hard segments and semicrystalline soft segments. Moreover, the dynamic equilibrium of pinacol enables self‐healing and recycling of the polymer. Interestingly, the dynamic exchange among macromolecules, for the first time, successfully cooperates with solid‐state drawing that applies to thermoplastics, realizing strengthening of thermoset. Meanwhile, the radicals derived from homolysis of pinacol can repeatedly initiate polymerization of vinyl monomers. The fruitful outcomes of this work may create a series of promising new techniques.
Disposable Morpho menelaus Based Flexible Microfluidic and Electronic Sensor for the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: He Zhenzhu , Elbaz Abdelrahman , Gao Bingbing , Zhang Junning , Su Enben , Gu Zhongze
Published: January 2018

Rapid early disease prevention or precise diagnosis is almost impossible in low‐resource settings. Natural ordered structures in nature have great potential for the development of ultrasensitive biosensors. Here, motivated by the unique structures and extraordinary functionalities of ordered structures in nature, a biosensor based on butterfly wings is presented. In this study, a flexible Morpho menelaus (M. menelaus) based wearable sensor is integrated with a microfluidic system and electronic networks to facilitate the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease (ND). In the microfluidic section, the structural characteristics of the M. menelaus wings up layer are combined with SiO2 nanoparticles to form a heterostructure. The fluorescent enhancement property of the heterostructure is used to increase the fluorescent intensity for multiplex detection of two proteins: IgG and AD7c‐NTP. For the electronic section, conductive ink is blade‐coated on the under layer of wings for measuring resistance change rate to obtain the frequency of static tremors of ND patients. The disposable M. menelaus based flexible microfluidic and electronic sensor enables biochemical–physiological hybrid monitoring of ND. The sensor is also amenable to a variety of applications, such as comprehensive personal healthcare and human‐machine interaction.
Ecologically Driven Ultrastructural and Hydrodynamic Designs in Stomatopod Cuticles
Authors: Grunenfelder Lessa Kay , Milliron Garrett , Herrera Steven , Gallana Isaias , Yaraghi Nicholas , Hughes Nigel , Evans‐Lutterodt Kenneth , Zavattieri Pablo , Kisailus David
Published: January 2018

Ecological pressures and varied feeding behaviors in a multitude of organisms have necessitated the drive for adaptation. One such change is seen in the feeding appendages of stomatopods, a group of highly predatory marine crustaceans. Stomatopods include “spearers,” who ambush and snare soft bodied prey, and “smashers,” who bludgeon hard‐shelled prey with a heavily mineralized club. The regional substructural complexity of the stomatopod dactyl club from the smashing predator Odontodactylus scyllarus represents a model system in the study of impact tolerant biominerals. The club consists of a highly mineralized impact region, a characteristic Bouligand architecture (common to arthropods), and a unique section of the club, the striated region, composed of highly aligned sheets of mineralized fibers. Detailed ultrastructural investigations of the striated region within O. scyllarus and a related species of spearing stomatopod, Lysiosquillina maculate show consistent organization of mineral and organic, but distinct differences in macro‐scale architecture. Evidence is provided for the function and substructural exaptation of the striated region, which facilitated redeployment of a raptorial feeding appendage as a biological hammer. Moreover, given the need to accelerate underwater and “grab” or “smash” their prey, the spearer and smasher appendages are specifically designed with a significantly reduced drag force.
Thiazole Imide‐Based All‐Acceptor Homopolymer: Achieving High‐Performance Unipolar Electron Transport in Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Shi Yongqiang , Guo Han , Qin Minchao , Zhao Jiuyang , Wang Yuxi , Wang Hang , Wang Yulun , Facchetti Antonio , Lu Xinhui , Guo Xugang
Published: January 2018

High‐performance unipolar n‐type polymer semiconductors are critical for advancing the field of organic electronics, which relies on the design and synthesis of new electron‐deficient building blocks with good solubilizing capability, favorable geometry, and optimized electrical properties. Herein, two novel imide‐functionalized thiazoles, 5,5′‐bithiazole‐4,4′‐dicarboxyimide (BTzI) and 2,2′‐bithiazolothienyl‐4,4′,10,10′‐tetracarboxydiimide (DTzTI), are successfully synthesized. Single crystal analysis and physicochemical study reveal that DTzTI is an excellent building block for constructing all‐acceptor homopolymers, and the resulting polymer poly(2,2′‐bithiazolothienyl‐4,4′,10,10′‐tetracarboxydiimide) (PDTzTI) exhibits unipolar n‐type transport with a remarkable electron mobility (μe) of 1.61 cm2 V−1 s−1, low off‐currents (Ioff) of 10−10−10−11 A, and substantial current on/off ratios (Ion/Ioff) of 107−108 in organic thin‐film transistors. The all‐acceptor homopolymer shows distinctive advantages over prevailing n‐type donor−acceptor copolymers, which suffer from ambipolar transport with high Ioffs > 10−8 A and small Ion/Ioffs < 105. The results demonstrate that the all‐acceptor approach is superior to the donor−acceptor one, which results in unipolar electron transport with more ideal transistor performance characteristics.
Orientation‐Dependent Strain Relaxation and Chemical Functionalization of Graphene on a Cu(111) Foil
Authors: Li Bao‐Wen , Luo Da , Zhu Liyan , Zhang Xu , Jin Sunghwan , Huang Ming , Ding Feng , Ruoff Rodney S.
Published: January 2018

Epitaxial graphene grown on single crystal Cu(111) foils by chemical vapor deposition is found to be free of wrinkles and under biaxial compressive strain. The compressive strain in the epitaxial regions (0.25–0.40%) is higher than regions where the graphene is not epitaxial with the underlying surface (0.20–0.25%). This orientation‐dependent strain relaxation is through the loss of local adhesion and the generation of graphene wrinkles. Density functional theory calculations suggest a large frictional force between the epitaxial graphene and the Cu(111) substrate, and this is therefore an energy barrier to the formation of wrinkles in the graphene. Enhanced chemical reactivity is found in epitaxial graphene on Cu(111) foils as compared to graphene on polycrystalline Cu foils for certain chemical reactions. A higher compressive strain possibly favors lowering the formation energy and/or the energy gap between the initial and transition states, either of which can lead to an increase in chemical reactivity.
2D PdAg Alloy Nanodendrites for Enhanced Ethanol Electroxidation
Authors: Huang Wenjing , Kang Xiaolin , Xu Cheng , Zhou Junhua , Deng Jun , Li Yanguang , Cheng Si
Published: January 2018

The development of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for ethanol electroxidation is of decisive importance to the successful commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells. Despite great efforts invested over the past decade, their progress has been notably slower than expected. In this work, the facile solution synthesis of 2D PdAg alloy nanodendrites as a high‐performance electrocatalyst is reported for ethanol electroxidation. The reaction is carried out via the coreduction of Pd and Ag precursors in aqueous solution with the presence of octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride as the structural directing agent. Final products feature small thickness (5–7 nm) and random in‐plane branching with enlarged surface areas and abundant undercoordinated sites. They exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity (large specific current ) and excellent operation stability (as revealed from both the cycling and chronoamperometric tests) for ethanol electroxidation. Control experiments show that the improvement comes from the combined electronic and structural effects.
Iridium‐catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Polycyclic Pyrrolo/Indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines and Phenanthridines
Authors: Hu Shu‐Bo , Zhai Xiao‐Yong , Shen Hong‐Qiang , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: January 2018

Owing to the dehydrogenative rearomatization of hydrogenation product and poisoning effect of nitrogen atom, asymmetric hydrogenation of polycyclic nitrogen‐containing heteroaromatics is still a great challenge. Herein, through in situ protection of hydrogenation products with acetic anhydride to inhibit rearomatization and poisoning effect, a novel iridium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of polycyclic nitrogen‐containing heteroaromatics – pyrrolo/indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines and phenanthridines – has been successfully developed, providing a facile access to chiral dihydropyrrolo/indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines and dihydrophenanthridines with up to 98% ee. The strategy features broad substrate scope, easy operation and potential medicinal application.

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The Interplay of Oxygen Functional Groups and Folded Texture in Densified Graphene Electrodes for Compact Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Jun , Lv Wei , Zheng Dequn , Liang Qinghua , Wang Da‐Wei , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: January 2018

Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) can effectively combine high energy density with high power density, and are especially appropriate for high‐power demanding applications of large‐scale stationary energy storage. Surface‐induced pseudocapacitive charge storage based on porous or nano carbon materials is regarded as the most promising candidate for SICs. Unfortunately, their ultralow packing densities severely restrict their practical applications. A novel approach toward ultrafast high‐volumetric SICs based on folded‐graphene electrodes has already been demonstrated and showed quite competitive performance. In this work, it is further proved that oxygen functional groups and folded texture are two key elements for high‐volumetric sodium storage of folded‐graphene electrodes. Through a simple and controllable method, of thermal treatment in inert atmosphere, both the oxygen functional groups and folded texture can be quantitatively manipulated to better investigate the individual contribution and mutual interplay. It is illustrated that oxygen functional groups are crucial to superior capacitive sodium storage while folded texture is not only the origin for high‐volumetric sodium storage but also beneficial for both capacitive and additional diffusion‐controlled sodium storage. Inspired by above‐mentioned conclusion, more rational designs and effective preparation of advanced structure and novel materials can be realized to better promote the development of high‐volumetric SICs.
Graphene‐Oxide‐Promoted Direct Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Aromatics
Authors: Fang Jingxian , Peng Zhiyong , Yang Yun , Wang Jiawei , Guo Jiaying , Gong Hang
Published: January 2018

Graphene oxide, which is a popular 2D carbon material, promoted a direct dehydrogenative coupling reaction of aromatics. Homo‐coupling and cross‐coupling reactions were achieved in good yields in the presence of graphene oxide. This strategy is simple and does not require any other additives, such as acid/base or ligand. The reaction can also be easily scaled up to gram level.
Stabilization of the Pentazolate Anion in a Zeolitic Architecture with Na20N60 and Na24N60 Nanocages
Authors: Zhang Wenquan , Wang Kangcai , Li Juecheng , Lin Zhien , Song Siwei , Huang Shiliang , Liu Yu , Nie Fude , Zhang Qinghua
Published: January 2018

The experimental detection and synthesis of pentazole (HN5) and its anion (cyclo‐N5−) have been actively pursued for the past hundred years. The synthesis of an aesthetic three‐dimensional metal–pentazolate framework (denoted as MPF‐1) is presented. It consists of sodium ions and cyclo‐N5− anions in which the isolated cyclo‐N5− anions are preternaturally stabilized in this inorganic open framework featuring two types of nanocages (Na20N60 and Na24N60) through strong metal coordination bonds. The compound MPF‐1 is indefinitely stable at room temperature and exhibits high thermal stability relative to the reported cyclo‐N5− salts. This finding offers a new approach to create metal–pentazolate frameworks (MPFs) and enables the future exploration of interesting pentazole chemistry and also related functional materials.
Divergent Pathways Involving 1,3‐Dipolar Addition and N−N Bond Splitting of an Organic Azide across a Zirconium Methylidene
Authors: Kurogi Takashi , Mane Manoj V. , Zheng Shuai , Carroll Patrick J. , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: January 2018

The zirconium methylidene (PNP)Zr=CH2(OAr) (1) reacts with N3Ad to give two products (PNP)Zr=NAd(OAr) (2) and (PNP)Zr(η2‐N=NAd)(N=CH2)(OAr) (3), both resulting from a common cycloaddition intermediate (PNP)Zr(CH2N3Ad)(OAr) (A). Using a series of control experiments in combination with DFT calculations, it was found that 2 results from a nitrene by a carbene metathesis reaction in which N2 acts as a delivery vehicle and forms N2CH2 as a side product. In the case of 3, N−N bond splitting of the azide at the α‐position allowed the isolation of a rare example of a parent ketimide complex of zirconium. Isotopic labeling studies and solid‐state X‐ray analysis are presented for 2 and 3, in addition to an independent synthesis for the former.
Seeded Polymerization through the Interplay of Folding and Aggregation of an Amino‐Acid‐based Diamide
Authors: Ogi Soichiro , Matsumoto Kentaro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: January 2018

Amino acid based diamides are widely used as a substructure in supramolecular polymers and are also key components of polypeptides that help to understand protein folding. The interplay of folding and aggregation of a diamide was used to achieve seed‐initiated supramolecular polymerization. For that purpose, a pyrene‐substituted diamide was synthesized in which pyrene is used as a tracer to monitor the supramolecular polymerization. Thermodynamics and time‐dependent studies revealed that the folding of the diamide moiety, via the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, effectively prevents a spontaneous nucleation that leads to supramolecular polymerization. Under such out‐of‐equilibrium conditions, the addition of seeds successfully initiates the supramolecular polymerization. These results demonstrate the utility of such amino acid based diamides in programmable supramolecular polymerizations.
Role of comprehension on performance at higher levels of Bloom's taxonomy: Findings from assessments of healthcare professional students
Authors: Verenna Anne‐Marie A. , Noble Kim A. , Pearson Helen E. , Miller Susan M.
Published: January 2018

The first four levels of Bloom's taxonomy were used to create quiz questions designed to assess student learning of the gross anatomy, histology, and physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Information on GI histology and physiology was presented to separate samples of medical, dental, and podiatry students in computer based tutorials where the information from the two disciplines was presented either separately or in an integrated fashion. All students were taught GI gross anatomy prior to this study by course faculty as part of the required curriculum of their respective program. Student responses to the quiz questions were analyzed to assess both the validity of Bloom's cumulative hierarchy and the effectiveness of an integrated curriculum. No statistically significant differences were found between quiz scores from students who received the integrated tutorial and from those who received the separate tutorials. Multiple regression analyses provided partial support for a cumulative hierarchy where scores on the lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy predicted scores on higher levels. Notably, in the majority of regression analyses, the comprehension score was the key foundational predictor for application and analysis scores. This study supports the suggestion that educators increase the number of comprehension level questions, even at the expense of knowledge level questions, in course assessments both to evaluate lower order cognitive skills and also as a predictor of success on questions requiring application and analysis levels of the higher order cognitive skills of Bloom's taxonomy. Anat Sci Educ 11: 433–444. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
The Advantage of Democratic Peer Punishment in Sustaining Cooperation within Groups
Authors: Pfattheicher Stefan , Böhm Robert , Kesberg Rebekka
Published: January 2018

In social dilemma situations, individuals benefit from uncooperative behavior while exploiting resources of the collective. One prominent solution to prevent uncooperative behavior and to increase cooperation is to establish a system of costly peer punishment, that is, the possibility for every individual involved in the dilemma to impose costly punishment on interaction partners. However, recent research revealed that, in contrast to a situation without punishment, peer punishment is inefficient and maladaptive in the sense that the total payoff is reduced and punishment of cooperative individuals (i.e., antisocial punishment) is possible. In the present work, we propose that a system ofdemocratic peer punishment, that is, direct and equal participation of each individual in the punishment decision‐making process with punishment only executed when a majority has voted for its execution, can address the shortcomings of a peer punishment system. Using iterated public goods games, we show higher cooperation levels, higher total payoffs, and reduced executed punishment in the democratic compared with a peer punishment system. Moreover, we document that fairness perceptions, satisfaction, and interpersonal trust are increased in the democratic punishment system. Implications for how cooperation and democratic punishment systems may evolve are discussed. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective role of medium supplementation in microalgal lipid accumulation
Authors: Fazeli Danesh Azadeh , Mooij Peter , Ebrahimi Sirous , Kleerebezem Robbert , van Loosdrecht Mark
Published: January 2018

The present study investigated the interaction between starch and lipid accumulation in a green microalgae enrichment culture. The objective was to optimize the lipid content by manipulation of the medium in regular batch culture. Two medium designs were evaluated: First a high ortho‐P concentration with vitamin supplementary (Pi‐vitamins supplemented medium), second normal growth medium (control). Both media contained a low amount of nitrogen which was consumed during batch growth in three days. The batch experiments continued for another 4 days with the absence of soluble nitrogen in the medium. When the mixed microalgal culture was incubated in the Pi‐vitamin supplemented medium, the lipid, and starch content of the culture increased within the first 3 days to 102.0 ± 5.2 mg/L (12.7 ± 0.6% of DW) and 31.7 ± 1.6 mg/L (4.0 ± 0.2% of DW), respectively. On the last day of the experiment, the lipid, and starch content in Pi‐vitamin medium increased to 663.1 ± 32.5 mg/L (33.4 ± 1.6% of DW) and 127.5 ± 5.2 mg/L (6.4 ± 0.3% of DW). However, the lipid and starch content in the control process, reached to 334.7 ± 16.4 mg/L (20.1 ± 1.0% of DW) and 94.3 ± 4.6 mg/L (5.7 ± 0.3% of DW), respectively. The high Pi‐vitamin medium induced storing lipid formation clearly while the starch formation was not affected. The lipid contents reported here are among the high reported in the literature, note that already under full growth conditions significant lipid levels occurred in the algal enrichment culture. The high lipid productivity of the reported mixed microalgae culture provides an efficient route for efficient algal biodiesel production.
Do Boards of Directors Influence Corporate Sustainable Development? An Attention‐Based Analysis
Authors: Galbreath Jeremy
Published: January 2018

Following the attention‐based view of the firm (ABV), boards of directors’ link to corporate sustainable development (CSD) could be dependent upon certain attention structures: valuation of environmental stimuli, rules of the game and the players. Studying a sample of large Australian firms, the findings indicate that the proposed attention‐directing structures do appear to be linked to CSD in a manner consistent with the ABV. Specifically, creating awareness through scanning efforts links boards to CSD. Stakeholder debate, as a boardroom rule, is also significantly associated with CSD. Furthermore, as a so‐called ‘player’ on the board, women directors have a moderating effect on the relationships between environmental scanning, stakeholder debate and CSD. The findings are discussed along with limitations and directions for future research. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Effects of ultrasonication variables on the activity and properties of alpha amylase preparation
Authors: Tran Thi Thu Tra , Nguyen Khanh Tien , Le Van Viet Man
Published: January 2018

Recently, ultrasound was demonstrated to increase enzyme activity in food industry. In most studies, an enzyme–substrate mixture was ultrasonicated. Very little is reported on the ultrasonication of enzyme preparation; the effects of ultrasonication variables on the enzyme activity and properties remained unclear. In this study, an α‐amylase preparation was ultrasonicated under different conditions. At the ultrasonic frequency, power, temperature, and time of 20 kHz, 25 W/mL, 30°C, and 75 s, respectively, the secondary structure of the α‐amylase was changed and that improved the catalytic activity by 47% over the control. The optimal temperature and pH of the α‐amylase preparation did not change under the ultrasonic treatment. In addition, ultrasonic treatment increased kinetic parameters of the α‐amylase including maximal velocity Vmax, Michaelis constant Km, turnover number Kcat, and catalytic specificity constant Kcat/Km. Nevertheless, the ultrasonicated α‐amylase had lower thermal inactivation rate constant and half‐life value than the nonultrasonicated enzyme. Ultrasonic treatment can be considered as a novel solution for improvement in enzyme activity. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:702–710, 2018
Psychotherapy for autism spectrum disorders: Using evidence‐based strategies to support practice
Authors: Cammuso Karen
Published: January 2018

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a higher likelihood of psychiatric conditions than the general population. Estimates vary, with some studies finding up to a fourfold risk of having a co‐occurring psychiatric disorder. Common comorbid diagnoses are generalized anxiety, specific phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and mood disorders. Psychiatric medication is often prescribed to address these clinical needs of children with ASDs. However, it is often difficult to identify psychotherapy services for these children.
Recent Advances in Micro‐/Nanostructured Metal–Organic Frameworks towards Photonic and Electronic Applications
Authors: Yang Xiaogang , Lin Xianqing , Zhao Yong Sheng , Yan Dongpeng
Published: January 2018

Micro‐ and nanometer‐sized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) materials have attracted great attention due to their unique properties and various potential applications in photonics, electronics, high‐density storage, chemo‐, and biosensors. The study of these materials supplies insight into how the crystal structure, molecular components, and micro‐/nanoscale effects can influence the performance of inorganic–organic hybrid materials. In this Minireview article, we introduce recent breakthroughs in the controlled synthesis of MOF micro‐/nanomaterials with specific structures and compositions, the tunable photonic and electronic properties of which would provide a novel platform for multifunctional applications. Firstly, the design strategies for MOFs based on self‐assembly and crystal engineering principles are introduced. Attention is then focused on the methods of fabrication of low‐dimensional MOF micro‐/nanostructures. Their new applications including two‐photon excited fluorescence, multi‐photon pumped lasing, optical waveguides, nonlinear optical (NLO), and field‐effect transistors are also outlined. Finally, we briefly discuss perspectives on the further development of these hybrid crystalline micro‐/nanomaterials.
Controlling Selectivity in Aliphatic C−H Oxidation through Supramolecular Recognition
Authors: Vidal Diego , Olivo Giorgio , Costas Miquel
Published: January 2018

Aliphatic C−H oxidation is the most straightforward approach to functionalize hydrocarbon skeletons. The main challenge of this reaction is the control of site selectivity, given the multiple C−H bonds present in any organic molecule. Natural enzymes elegantly solve this problem through the interplay of different interactions that geometrically orient the substrate to expose a single C−H bond to the active unit, thus overriding intrinsic reactivity patterns. A combination of molecular catalysts and supramolecular receptors can be a promising way to replicate such control. This strategy indeed unlocks hydroxylation of C−H bonds that are not accessible with conventional methodologies, in which the selectivity is dictated by the geometry of the substrate–receptor adduct. Herein, we review the reports of recognition‐driven C−H oxidation reactions and highlight the key design principles that inspired these works.
N‐Terminal Cu‐Binding Motifs (Xxx‐Zzz‐His, Xxx‐His) and Their Derivatives: Chemistry, Biology and Medicinal Applications
Authors: Gonzalez Paulina , Bossak Karolina , Stefaniak Ewelina , Hureau Christelle , Raibaut Laurent , Bal Wojciech , Faller Peter
Published: January 2018

Peptides and proteins with N‐terminal amino acid sequences NH2‐Xxx‐His (XH) and NH2‐Xxx‐Zzz‐His (XZH) form well‐established high‐affinity CuII‐complexes. Key examples are Asp‐Ala‐His (in serum albumin) and Gly‐His‐Lys, the wound healing factor. This opens a straightforward way to add a high‐affinity CuII‐binding site to almost any peptide or protein, by chemical or recombinant approaches. Thus, these motifs, NH2‐Xxx‐Zzz‐His in particular, have been used to equip peptides and proteins with a multitude of functions based on the redox activity of Cu, including nuclease, protease, glycosidase, or oxygen activation properties, useful in anticancer or antimicrobial drugs. More recent research suggests novel biological functions, mainly based on the redox inertness of CuII in XZH, like PET imaging (with 64Cu), chelation therapies (for instance in Alzheimer's disease and other types of neurodegeneration), antioxidant units, Cu transporters and activation of biological functions by strong CuII binding. This Review gives an overview of the chemical properties of Cu‐XH and ‐XZH motifs and discusses the pros and cons of the vastly different biological applications, and how they could be improved depending on the application.