bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Immunomodulating Effect of Polysaccharides Purified from Pholiota adipose
Authors: Li De Hai , Sun Chang Yan , Wang Zhan Bin , Wang Zhqiang
Published: January 2011

This study was designed to investigate the immunomodulating effect of polysaccharides purified from the fruit body of Pholiota adipose(PFBP). PFBP were extracted in 90°C water bath and precipitated with 90% ethanol. PFBP were orally administered at different dose to three different doses were administered to the normal group, NS group and the model group. The immunomodulating effect of PFBP was evaluated by measuring its effects on the weights of spleen and liver, delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) response, the hemolysin level in serum and carbon expurgation level. Polysaccharide content purified from fruit body of Pholiota adipose was up to 72.88% . PFBP administered at different doses significantly improved the weights of the mouse’s spleen and live, as well as the level of carbon expurgation. Administered polysaccharides also had positive effect on DTH response and the hemolysin level in serum. These results suggest that PFBP may have immunomodulating potential for cylophosphamide.
Research on the Preparation and Regeneration Condition of the Chaetomium cupreum Protoplast
Authors: Yue Hui Min , Yang Qian
Published: January 2011

The factors of species of the medium, spawn age, species of the enzyme, time of hydrolysis, hydrolysis temperature, osmotic pressure stabilizer and regeneration medium, which have important effects on the Preparation and Regeneration Condition of the Chaetomium cupreum Protoplast, were discussed in this paper. These results showed that the hydrolysis condition can be described as following: Chaetomium cupreum mycelium with spawn age about 48h, the concentration of the lytic enzymes about 2% and the time of enzymatic hydrolysis 2h. The regeneration condition of the protoplast is that: Chaetomium cupreum mycelium with the spawn age 6h, the concentration of the lytic enzymes 2%, the temperature of 25°C and the time of enzymatic hydrolysis 1.5h. We can get the Chaetomium cupreum protoplast, regenerating in the RA Medium with the sorbitol, which regeneration can be over 50%.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Fe-SiC Composite Coatings
Authors: Fu Ping , Zhao Cheng , Tian Hua
Published: January 2011

To improve the mechanical product hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, Fe-SiC composite plating process and properties have been studied. By using self-made asymmetric AC - DC power supply and adding SiC in ferrous chloride bath, the high performance Fe-SiC composite coatings are prepared by electrodeposition method. The effect of Phase, composition and SiC particle content on the surface morphology, structure, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Fe-SiC composite coatings are studied. The process parameters of Fe-SiC composite plating are optimized. The results show that the micro-cracks in composite coatings will reduced and the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance will increased by adding SiC particles under the condition of optimum process.
Syntheses and Characterization of Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Graft-Polycaprolactone Copolymer I Thermal and Spherulite Morphology Studies
Authors: Li Feng Hong , Li San Xi , Jiang Tao , Sun Yong
Published: January 2011

The thermoplastic graft copolymers of chitosan oligosaccharide (PHCSO-g-PCL) were successfully synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) through an amino group protection route using phthaloyl chitosan oligosaccharide (PHCSO) as intermediate. The graft reaction was carried out in Pyridine at 120 °C with a chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) initiator and a tin 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn (Oct)2) catalyst. The prepared copolymer was characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). DSC analysis of PHCSO-g-PCL showed higher melting point at 54.8 °C than linear PCL. The TGA analysis showed that PHCSO-g-PCL was more thermal stable than original CSO. The banded spherulite structure of PHCSO-g-PCL and the growth of spherulite were observed by polarized optical microscope (POM); this was further proven by WAXD results.
Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Degradable Polyurethane Foams with PEG/PCL Mixed Soft Segments
Authors: Wang Jian Hua , Liang Shuen , Wang Yan Yan , Tian Chun Rong , Zhao Xiu Li
Published: January 2011

Polyurethane (PU) with mixed poly(ethylene glycol) / poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG/PCL) soft segments is a representatively kind of degradable polyurethane material. Polyurethane foams (PUF) with mixed PEG/PCL soft segments were synthesized by using one pot method, and their mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. Influences of PEG/PCL weight ratio and molecular weight of soft segments on PUF's mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties were studied. The results showed that: with increasing content of PCL, PUF's tensile strength, elongation at break, stress at certain tensile/compressive strain and storage modulus increased gradually; with increasing molecular weight of soft segment, PUF's elongation at break increased, but tensile strength, stress at certain tensile/compressive strain and storage modulus all decreased accordingly; glass transition temperature (Tg) of PUF with various soft segments decreased according to the following sequence: PEG-400, PCL-210N, PEG-1000 and PTMG1000; loss factor of PUF with PEG/PCL mixed soft segments was higher than that of PUF with individual PEG or PCL soft segments.
Modified Methods in Starch-Based Biodegradable Films
Authors: Su Jun Feng , Cheng Jian Jun
Published: January 2011

With plastics resistance to degradation in nature and lack of effective recycling practice, it has resulted in a serious threat to the environment. Concerns about the environmental pollution caused by plastics have led to serious demands for biodegradable plastic materials made from renewable source. Starch is a biopolymer that has been being an attractive alternative for packaging material. A general overview on the microstructures of starch is given in this essay. The modified methods in biodegradable starch-based films are reviewed, which include physical, chemical and enzymic modification. Physical modification involves ultrasonic, mechanical treatment and addition of additives, such as plasticizer and coupling agent. Chemical modification consists of etherification, esterification, cross-linking, grafting and oxidation. Enzymic modification includes debranching reaction of starch debranching enzyme which contains pulullanase and isoamylase. The biodegradation of starch-based films and the prospects of their future are also detailed.
Extraction of Oil from Jatropha Seeds
Authors: Liu Shu Yu , Zhang Hui , Wang Hui , Song Jian , Yan Rui Feng
Published: January 2011

Solid liquid extraction technique was applied for the extraction of oil from jatropha seeds．The optimum conditions for the lab scale solid liquid extraction were obtained at temperature at 40°C, extraction time of 4 h, ratio of liquid to solid of 8/1 (v/m) and n-hexane as a solvent. Under the optical conditions, the yield of Jatropha seeds oil was up to 31.42%.
Microwave Assisted Preparation and Characterization of Ionic Liquid [Bmim]PF6 and Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Using [Bmim]PF6 as Medium
Authors: Wu Ya Rui , Guan Wei Sheng , Lin Shu
Published: January 2011

[Bmim]PF6ionic liquid was synthesized through two-step reaction in the unmodified microwave oven and ionic liquid synthesis conditions were optimized, the influence factors of microwave-assisted synthesis ionic liquid was discussed. Titanium dioxide photo-catalysts using [Bmim]PF6ionic liquid as medium were prepared. Result indicated that the nanoparticle titanium dioxide obtained in [Bmim]PF6by microwave radiation exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that by traditional methods, with the degradation ratio of phenol of 99.23% within 16 h.
Biotreatment of Azo Dyeing Wastewater Using a Modified Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic Reactor System
Authors: Chen Gang , Huang Man Hong , Chen Liang , Chen Dong Hui
Published: January 2011

Modified anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A2O) technology for dye wastewater was studied. The effects of Hydraulic retention times (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and carbon source on treatment efficiency were discussed. Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) for different sludge and UV-visible spectrum analysis for influent and effluent were investigated respectively. The results showed that when COD of influent was 600~1200 mg/L and the dye concentration was 20~40 mg/L, HRT had the obvious effect on treatment efficiency of modified A2O system. Total treatment efficiency of the improved system was more than 90% at the optimal HRT (29 h). The dye structure was demonstrated to be changed during the process. Finally, the dye and its intermediates were transformed and mineralized respectively.
Study on the Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Nano-Structured SiO2 Thin Film on Carbon Steel
Authors: Lin Jing , Zhang Tie Feng , Yu Gui Wen
Published: January 2011

Used RF magnetron sputtering method to prepare SiO2thin film on the carbon steel (Q235A) substrate, Films were characterized with the atomic force microscope (AFM) and the X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). Corrosion resistance was compared of SiO2/ Q235A and Q235A. The results showed that: nano-structured thin film was smooth and dense, The thin film was constituted by compact particles of SiO2, and there was no Fe in the films. Electrochemical experiments indicated that SiO2/ Q235A had better corrosion resistant than Q235A in the sea water.
The Rheological Behaviors of Nylon610 and Nylon610/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhu Cheng Shen , Du Ping , He Su Qin
Published: January 2011

The rheological behaviors of nylon610 and nylon610/montmorillonite nanocomposites had been studied by means of HAAKE-Ⅱrheometer. The results showed that nylon610 and nylon610/montmorillonite composites were pseudoplastic fluid. The non-Newtonian indexes, which were in the range of 0.49～0.82 at differern temperatures, decreased with the addition of montmorillonite. What is more, the apparent viscous activation energy decreased, which showed the effect of temperature on apparent viscosity of the nanocomposites was weaker than that of pure nylon610, apparent viscosity increased with the increase of montmorillonite, especially at the lower shear rate.
Synthysis of S Doped Y-Junction Carbon Nanotubes by CVD Method
Authors: Yuan Xia , Wu Xiao Juan , An Yu Liang , Hou Qing Yi
Published: January 2011

The sulfur-doped Y-junction carbon nanotubes (S-YCNTs) were prepared by chemical vapor deposition of carbon disulfide using Fe as catalyst. Sulfur can be incorporated into the nanotubes with an identifiable amount, forming sulfur-doped carbon nanotubes. The growth of asymmetrical Y-branches in the nanotubes may be related to the presence of sulfur from precursor. The structure and morphology of S-YCNTs can be controlled by processing parameters. The S-YCNTs were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, and XPS, respectively. The growth mechanism of S-YCNTs was discussed in terms of the role of sulfur from carbon feedstock.
Experimental Study on Ionic Soil Stabilizer Reinforcing Red Clay
Authors: Lu Xue Song , Wei Xiang
Published: January 2011

In this research, a kind of Ionic Soil Stabilizer (ISS for short) is used as great extension of Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Based on the red clay of Hanyan district of Wuhan reinforced by Ionic Soil Stabilizer, the red clay soil is treated by different matches of ISS and water at first, then is tested in the Atterberg limits test, dirct shear test and surface tension test. The results show that the plastic index decreases, and the cohesion increases after mixing the ISS into the red clay. In addition, Once ISS is dissolved in water, it can reduce the surface tension of water, and with the concentration increasing, the surface tension decreased. Finally the mechanism how ISS reinforces the red clay is analyzed by the aspect of the structure of pair-electricity layer and the Zeta potential.
Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Nickel Laterite Ore Powder
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Hua , Wei Yong Gang , Hu Jian Hang
Published: January 2011

The physicochemical properties of nickel laterite ore powder were investigated by XRD, SEM and TG/DSC characterization techniques. The mechanical properties including repose angle and friction angle were measured by powder performance tester and direct shear apparatus. The result of XRD showed that the main phases of nickel laterite ore powder were lizardite and quartz. The SEM indicated that the internal structure of nickel laterite ore powder was loose relatively, samdwich and granular structures were found in microstructure. The results of TG/DSC indicated that the crystal water was removed at 610°C, and cristallographic transformation of antigorite to forsterite was occurred at 820°C. Repose angle and friction angle were influenced intensively by moisture content. Repose angle increased with the increasing of moisture content, dynamic repose angle was less than that of static repose angle, the fluidity of nickel laterite ore powder could be improved by the decreasing of moisture content. Internal friction angle and wall friction angle decreased with the increasing of moisture content because water acted as the lubrication action in mineral powder materials and decreased the friction coefficient of mineral powder materials.
Microscopic Study of Pressure-Transfer Characteristics in the Solid Granule Medium Forming
Authors: Cao Miao Yan , Zhao Chang Cai , Xiao Hong
Published: January 2011

To reveal the pressure-transfer characteristics of the granular materials in the Solid Granule Medium Forming process, the stainless steel balls with diameter of 1 mm were selected as medium to conduct the axial compression experiment. The particle compression process was simulated by discrete element method, and then the variation law of the microstructure was analyzed from the perspective of force chain. The results showed that: In the gradual compression process of granule medium, its force chains distribution changes from the initial circular shape to the elliptical shape. As the stress increases, the force chains get denser and denser. In addition, the lateral pressure coefficient changes in power law with the compressive stress and it tends to be constant when the internal force chains structure gets stable.
Autonomous Mobile Robot for Small Advertisements Cleaning
Authors: Li Dong Jie , Xiao Wan Zhe , Wang Jia Bin
Published: January 2011

A mobile robot with autonomous recognition and automatic clearing small advertisements on the ground is presented. It’s the service-oriented robot for cleaning of small advertisements. The robot body is designed according to the design requirements of clearing and the control strategies for tracing and recognition small advertisements are proposed. The key issue of the robot is the hardware design for moving clean assisted by vision system and corresponding recognition methods. The results show the feasibility of the hardware structure, circuit design and program algorithm.
N-Doped TiO2 with Different Hydration Temperature Synthesis: Stability, Photo-Reactivity in the Visible Range
Authors: Jiang Li , He Dong Po , Guo Si Yao , Han Song
Published: January 2011

N-doped TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at different temperature. Then to test the photocatalysis by degradation of organophosphorus pesticide. We can come to the conclusion that high hydration temperature had a negative impact on the photocatalysis. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. This study has developed a promising and practical pathway to nitrogen-doped photocatalysts.
Synthesis of Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped TiO2 and its Better Efficient Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides
Authors: Chen Guang Sheng , Guo Si Yao , Zhang Feng , Dong Shi Miao , Han Song
Published: January 2011

N, S codoped titania with high photocatalystic properties were prepared by hydrothermal method. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. N, S codoped titania displayed a better degradation rate of organophosphorus pesticide under visible light irradiation. The utility of N, S codoped TiO2 as a photocatalysis over undoped titania entirely, whether the requirement for visible-light functionality, even if at low efﬁciency, outweighs a modest drop in the efﬁciency of catalysis using UV light.
Chemical Composition and Ability of Scavenging DPPH Radical of Essential Oil and Residue from the Celery Seed
Authors: Lu Zhan Guo , Li Wei , Wang Peng Jun
Published: January 2011

The chemical composition of essential oil (1.18% yield) from celery seeds by hydrodistillation extraction method was analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 23 constituents were detected, in which 18 compounds that account for 91.38% were identified. The main constituents were limonene (31.15%), β-selinene (22.28%) , p-cresyl isovalerate (14.94%), α-2-propenylbenzenemethanol (9.872% ), β-myrcene (4.32%) and α-selinene (4.32%). The abilities of scavenging DPPH radical of the essential oil and hydrodistillation residue were studied. The result indicated that the maximum scavenging rates was 98.1% when 0.20 mL of the oil was used. The extracts of residue by methanol, ethanol and acetone also has remarkable scavenging activity. The result showed that the scavenging rates of the methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts of the residue were 91.5%, 91.2% and 56.2% respectively, when 0.10 mL of the extract solutions was used.
Study on Paleoecology of Late Pennsylvanian Phylloid Algae in South Guizhou, China
Authors: Yang Li Li , Gong En Pu
Published: January 2011

Pennsylvanian phylloid algal reefs are widespread and well exposed in south Guizhou, China. Dense networks of closely living phylloid algae induced community restriction on seafloor and organisms seldom survived in such environment. Algal reefs in Guizhou differ from examples reported to date by high biodiversity. This contrasts to the “poisoning hypothesis” and chemical defense was not pronounced. Phylloid algae were able to thrive over a large depth range. Delicate framework formed by upright blades often occurred in calm deepen waters. Blades became larger and fleshy in moderately agitated environment and formed isolated, wide, cup-shaped framework. Large blade size could capture much more sunlight to improve rate of growth and calcification. But successive progressively shallower water may have arrested phylloid algae growth. Thinner, small blades grew closely packed and juxtaposed near and above one another in a wave-dominant environment, producing dense framework clusters to prevent wave destruction.
Study on Long-Term Deformation and Durability of Complex High Titanium Heavy Slag Concrete
Authors: Sun Jin Kun , Chen Wei , Huang Shuang Hua , Li Bing
Published: January 2011

Taking the C30 complex high titanium heavy slag concrete (hereinafter referred to as CHTHSC) as example, this paper makes experiments and researches its performance on the long-term deformation and durability. The results show that, the CHTHSC will not lead to the problem of volume stability, and its shrinkage strain and creep meet the design standards. The CHTHSC shows no alkali- aggregate reaction, and its impervious grade, carbonation depth, Chloride ion diffusion coefficient, sulfate corrosion resistance coefficient meet the design requirements for concrete durability. The investigation on the durability of projects with the CHTHSC shows that the compression resistance of concrete in their cores is higher than design strength, with outward appearance unchanged. The experiment results provide important reference for the application of this kind of concrete.
Effect of Kaolin Ratio on the Durability of Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive Poplar Plywood
Authors: Guo Ying Jie , Ren Hai Qing
Published: January 2011

In order to search whether or not the kaolin ratio was one of the crucial reasons influenced on the durability of Poplar Plywood utilizing outdoor which was adhesive by phenol-formaldehyde resin. Xenon Lamp Climate Chamber process and ASTMD1037 Six-cycle method were evolved in this study to measure the durability of the plywood. There was no relativity between the kaolin ratio and the durability of the Poplar Plywood. The main factor impacting the endurance property of the Plywood was the degradations of veneer and Phenol-Formaldehyde resin caused by environmental change. The kaolin filling ratio of Phenol-Formaldehyde adhesive is not able to reduce the durability of the Poplar Plywood. Under the two method treatments, the bonding strength of the laminate wood still fulfills the Plywood GB/T17657-1999 National Stander even the ratio of kaolin is in high-level. Therefore, it is a preferable choice to adopt kaolin as filling in phenol-formaldehyde.
The Determination of Galaxolide in Water Samples with SPME Coupled with GC-MS
Authors: Su Bi Dong , Min Chen Zhen , Hui Chen Dong
Published: January 2011

Described is a solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometric procedure for the determination of galaxolide (HHCB) in water solution samples. In which 100 μm PDMS coated fiber were used. From the optimization experiments of SPME, we found the direct sampling is necessary. The extraction time and temperature were 40min and 35°C, respectively. the salinity of the solution almost has no effect on the extraction efficiency and pH=7.0 was suitable for the extraction of HHCB. The method were applied to the urban sewage and river water respectively and found the content of HHCB in the urban sewage is 286ng/L, while those in river water below limit of quantification.
Preparation of C Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts and their Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Xue Li Mei , Zhang Feng Hua , Fan Hui Juan , Bai Xue Feng
Published: January 2011

TiO2 doped with C was obtained by way of immersion and calcinations method by using citric acid (CA) as dopant material.，and characterized by using XPS、XRD, UV-Vis, FT-IR and SPS. The results of analysis and characterization showed that C substituted partial Ti atoms in the lattice of TiO2 and formed Ti-O-C structure. The photocatalytic properties of C-TiO2 photocatalysts had been evidently improved as a result of a noticeable shift to visible region and the enhancement of the charge separation efficiency. The doped carbon lowers the band gap and expends the absorption of visible light region. CO2 was photocatalytically reduced to form HCOOH by the best C-TiO2-3/1-600 nanoparticles under the irradiation of the simulated daylight lamp. Methanoic acid yield may achieve 2633.98μmol/g-Cat when irradiation time is six hours.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Wave Extraction Technology of Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula by Response Surface Methodology and Molecular Weight Distributions
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhou Fang , Zhu Lei , Wang Zhen Yu
Published: January 2011

In order to optimize the ultrasonic wave extraction technique of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula, the technique conditions were carried out by response surface methodology. Then the molecular weight distribution of AAP extracted were studied. Two factors, ultrasonic wave and extraction time in water were screened from six factors . The singal-order tests and integrated curvature detection of the two factors were carried out. After that, the experiment domain approached to the optimum point, the optimum technology conditions of ultrasonic wave extraction of AAP were determined by central composite design: ultrasonic wave power 908W, extraction time 100°C, and the AAP yield of ultrasonic wave extraction approached to 24%. It was indicated that ultrasonic wave can promote the yield of the large molecular weight components by the analysis of molecular weight distribution.
Single Fiber Testing Study the Mechano-Electric Behavior between Carbon Fiber and Cement
Authors: Jiang Cui Xiang , Li Rui
Published: January 2011

The mechano-electric behavior between carbon fiber and cement matrix was revealed by single fiber testing. The resistance between fiber and matrix was found to increase when the interfacial bonding force increased and decrease when the interfacial bonding force decreased under dynamic load, which exhibited good reversibility except the first loading. The irreversibly increasing resistance is associated with interface debonding due to the interfacial defect, and the reversibly increasing resistance is attributed to elastic deformation of interfacial structure. The interfacial shear stresses cause the change of interfacial structure, which produce an effect on conductive network of the complex, and lead to the change of resistance between fiber and matrix.
Preparation and Properties of LLDPE/EVA/Nano-ZnO Composites
Authors: Liu Jia , Jia Shu Sheng
Published: January 2011

The process parameters of LLDPE/EVA/nano-ZnO composites were optimized by two methods. Samples were prepared under the better process parameters. The dispersion morphology and the mechanical properties of material were studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). And the mechanical properties of LLDPE/EVA/nano-ZnO composites were tested. It was showed that the optimization method based on neural network of BP and particle swarm optimization was better than that optimization method based on orthogonal experiment. The nanoeffect of ZnO particles was exerted which were distributed in LLDPE/EVA matrix, which result in the effect of reinforcing and toughening. Two-step method was better than direct dispersing method. The tensile strength was the highest when nano-ZnO amount was 3% under the two-step, the tensile strength was increased up to about 22%, and the fracture elongation rate was increased up to about 11%.
Test and Analyses of Shengma Fibre Basic Property
Authors: Yang Qing Bin , Yang Xiao , Dou Yu Kun
Published: January 2011

To research basic property of Shengma fibre（green textile fiber）, basic property of Shengma and viscose were tested and analysed. Through analysing and contrasting each property it is considered that under normal temperature and dry condition, breaking tenacity of Shengma is less than that of viscose, while breaking elongation rate of Shengma is larger than that of viscose. In wet condition change of Shengma fibre mechanical property is less than that of viscose. Crimpability of Shengma fibre is worse than that of viscose.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Polyphenol from Pinus Koraiensis Bark Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Ji Chang , Wang Zhen Yu , Fan Zi Luan , Zuo Li Li , Tian Shuang Qi , Yun Ke Li
Published: January 2011

Ultrasonic technology was applied for phenolic compounds extraction from the Pinus koraiensis bark （PKB） and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effects of processing parameters on phenolic compounds yields. When ultrasonic power 160W,three independent variables were ultrasonic extraction time (X1 20-40min), ratio of water to raw material (X2 1:20-1:40 g/mL)and ethanol concentration(X3 20％-60％), respectively.The optimal extraction conditions of phenolic compounds were determined as follows: Ultrasonic extraction time 30.61 min, ratio of water to raw material 30.79 mL/g and ethanol concentration 42.2%. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of phenolic compounds was 8.2409 ± 0.0648‰, well matched with the predicted models with the coefﬁcients of determination (R2) of 0.9920, which was agreed closely with the predicted value (8.2963‰).
Experiment Research on Influence Factors of Ring-Opening Polymerization in Making PDLLA
Authors: Liu Song , Sun Li Na
Published: January 2011

The paper research on the factors of the lactide polymerization, which primarily were ontology purity, dosage of initiator, polymerization temperature, time and vacuum degree, etc. According to the molecular weight measuring in different conditions of synthesis PDLLA, the results shows that, through the control of polymerization conditions higher molecular weight of PDLLA can obtain, main parameters as the quality ratio of initiator and monomers is about 0.03%, the polymerization temperature is 140°C, time duration is 48h and vacuum is 0.05 mmHg.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposite Material Reinforced with Rice Straw Fibril and Fibril Aggregates
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhou Ding Guo , Wang Si Qun , Zhang Yang , Shen Yong Bao , Wu Zhi Hui
Published: January 2011

Rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) pulp was treated by high intensity homogenizer to make fibril and fibril aggregates. The rice straw fibril and fibril aggregates (RSFs) material was used as reinforcement in a RSFs/ Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite that prepared by film casting. The diameter distribution of RSFs was investigated by laser diameter instrument (LDI) and its crystallinity was evaluated by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The morphological of RSFs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were measured by tensile test and the dynamic mechanics analysis (DMA), thermal stability tests, i.e., differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test were also performed, respectively.
Two Phase Anaerobic-SBR Process Treats Beer Wastewater
Authors: Zhu Zhi Wei , Jiao Bin Quan
Published: January 2011

A Company of YunNan, located at the basin of the Jinsha river, is a plant producing beer. The amount of its wastewater comes up to 1000 m3/ d, and Parameters of the influent are CODcr=1850mg/L, BOD5=600mg/L, SS=700mg/ L. The quality of effluent has been up to the gradeⅠof the discharge standard of GB8978-1996 by applying the treatment technology of two phase-anaerobic-SBR process. This technology enjoys both low investment and low operation cost.The beer wastewater has characteristics of high organic matter content, well bio-chemical and asymmetry exhaust. We carry on the craft choices and designs by researching the current treatments of beer wastewater and combining the technique development of related realms of internal and external while considering the special of the company.
Safety Analysis on the Formwork Scaffold and Construct Platform of Hulushan Gulf Crossing Narrow Bridge
Authors: Zheng Yi Feng , Zhou Lin Cong
Published: January 2011

The hulushan gulf crossing narrow bridge locates in the southwest of dalian urban of Liaoning province. The mid-span of main bridge bridgings over offing 80 meters and the main bridge adopts 30+100+30 meters flying bird mid-support arch bridge form. There exists typhoon during construction, which makes construction difficult. It is necessary to analyze the safety of formwork scaffold and construct platform because of the complex structure and bad weather. The stability and strength of formwork scaffold and construct platform structure is evaluated through numerical analysis. The result verify that the formwork scaffold and construct platform structure satisfy the demand of code and are designed logically.
Enantioselective Trace Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Enantiomers in Soils by GC-ECD/MS
Authors: Xu Hong Yu , Cui Zhao Jie , Liu Jing
Published: January 2011

A simple method for qualitative and quantitative determination of PCB95, 132, 149 and 174 enantiomers in soils and sediments using GC-ECD/MS was proposed. On the promise of good purification efficiency, high recovery and easy operability, H2SO4 washing and a multi-layer column filled with 1 g anhydrous sodium sulfate, 2 g 10% silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel, 4 g 3.3% water-deactivated silica gel and 1.5 g anhydrous sodium sulfate were selected as purification procedures. The chromatographic conditions were optimized to obtain the best enantiomeric separation. Complete baseline separations were achieved for PCB95, 132 and 149, as well as approximate baseline separation was obtained for PCB174. This method was proved to have highly satisfactory accuracy, precision and sensitivity with mean recoveries of target PCB enantiomers in range of 71.42−80.12% and RSD<6%. The detection limits of the method were 11.37−25.36 pg•g−1.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive of Acrylate Prepared by Miniemulsion
Authors: Pang Jiu Yin , Sun Chuan , Zhang Shi Cheng , Xing Zhen
Published: January 2011

Miniemulsion was prepared by means of different ratio of butyl acrylate with vinyl acetate emulsion pressure sensitive adhesive excellent performance. Focused on acrylic acid and vinyl acetate copolymers of different proportions of the glass transition temperature, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of micro-factors, and build the macroscopic properties of the copolymer glass transition temperature and molecular weight between contacts. The use of APS as initiator under the conditions of the experiment found that with the increase of acrylic, PVC-floor, 180 peel strength composite materials decreased. While the molecular weight of butyl acrylate with the increase of the amount did not change significantly, the initial viscosity of the polymer and 180 º peel strength is improved, but the adhesive holding down quickly.
Study on Anti-Aging Properties of Two New Recycled Paper-Plastic Material/PE Composites
Authors: Guo Yong , Li Da Gang , Li Jing Jing , Chen Yu Xia , Fang Fei
Published: January 2011

The color change and bending properties of diapers scrap/PE composite and recycled milk-cartons/PE composite put in the sun environment, the dry and wet environment, and the Xenon Weathering resistant box environment were studied. It showed that: (1) The surface color of the two new WPCs changed greatly in three environment, and affected the appearance; the color change in the Xenon Weathering resistant box environment is much greater than it in the sun environment and the dry and wet environment, (2) The MOE and MOR initially showed decreased trend and then showed an upward trend after test in the sun environment and the dry and wet environment for about six months; The MOE and MOR decreased a lot after put in the Xenon Weathering resistant box environment for 1500h.
Platinum Immobilization on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Surface under Sonication
Authors: He Quan Guo , Wu Zhao Hui , Hu Rong
Published: January 2011

A facile and environment-friendly sonochemical route to fabricate well-defined Fe3O4/Pt and γ-Fe2O3/Pt composite microspheres under mild conditions has been reported. The structure and morphology of the synthetic spherical-shaped Fe3O4/Pt and γ-Fe2O3/Pt products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The results revealed that the composites were spherical with diameter in the range of 50–80 nm and had an ordered face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of platinum. These nanocomposites with platinum-coated iron oxide can be applied in a variety of areas, including medicine, photonics, new functional device assemblies and catalysis especially for fabricating some magnetic-responsive catalyst.
Effects of Cunninghamia lanceolata Heartwood Extracts on the Wood Decay Resistance
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Jian , Li Shu Jun , Zhang Li Jun
Published: January 2011

In this study, three extractives from China-fir heartwood were obtained by sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The antifungal activities of three extractives against two wood decay fungi (Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum) and two wood stain fungi (Paecilomyces variotii and Aspergillus niger) were evaluated with digging-hole method. The results showed that none of the three extracts had good antifungal activities against these four fungi. Among the three extracts, the hexane one was the most effective and the methanol extract was the second. The ethyl acetate extract, to some degree, stimulated the growth of wood decay fungi. Judging from antifungal activities of extracts, the combination of extracts rather than any single compound is important for China-fir durability. The cubes of China-fir heartwood went through a sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in Soxhlet extractor. The wood decay resistances of non-extracted and extracted heartwood blocks against Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum were evaluated after steam sterilization according to the Chinese standard method. Non-extracted heartwood blocks were resistant to Trametes versicolor but experienced substantial weight losses when exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum. Weight losses increased after hexane extraction, but then declined markedly after ethyl acetate extraction. The possible explanation for the declined weight losses of ethyl acetate extracted blocks could be that some components which stimulated the growth of these fungi, especially Trametes versicolor were extracted by ethyl acetate. After extraction with methanol, weight losses of the blocks by Gloeophyllum trabeum increased dramatically but weight losses of the blocks by Trametes versicolor were similar to those of the ethyl acetate extracted blocks.
The Research on the Longitudinal Tensile Strength of Tracheids of Brown-Rotted Chinese Fir
Authors: Cheng Xian Bao , Zhao Rong Jun , Shangguan Wei Wei
Published: January 2011

Using Zero-span tensile test technique, measurements of the longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids of brown-rotted Chinese fir were obtained in the present work. The results showed that the longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids reduced with the increase of exposure time. The absolute value of reduced tensile strength was not remarkable because of low degradation efficiency. The FTIR spectroscopy results shows that brown-rot fungus did degraded the cellulose and hemicellulose of Chinese fir, explaining the reduction of tensile strength of tracheids. The intensities of the characteristic aromatic lignin peak at 1512 cm-1 was not increased but decreased, which was very strange, hinting the reason of that is not clearly illustrate by the FTIR spectra only.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by N, Fe- TiO2/FFA
Authors: Wang Gui Rong
Published: January 2011

TiO2 photocatalyst modified by N and Fe ions was loaded on self-made fly ash forming adsorbent (FFA) using the sol-gel dip-coating process. The crystal structure and photoadsorption ability was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The photo catalytic degradation of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R using N, Fe-TiO2/FFA was examined. Effects of initial dye concentration, pH value and hydrogen peroxide dosage on degradation were studied. The degradation of the organic molecule followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics according to the Langmuir model. Under the optimum operation conditions, 30 mg/L KN-R could be decolorized over 97.47% within 75 min.
Preparation and Characterization of Core-Shell Type Versatate-Fluorocarbon Emulsion
Authors: Gao Xiao Hui , Li Yu Feng , Yu Zhou Mao
Published: January 2011

Versatate-fluorocarbon emulsion with core-shell structure was synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization using versatate, organic fluorine and acrylate as raw materials. The influences of amount of organic fluorine and versatate, core-shell ratio on the properties of emulsion were discussed. The emulsion was characterized with contact angle analyzer, particle size, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the emulsion had good properties while w(organic fluorine)=6%, w(versatate)=8%, soft core-hard shell and w(core):w(shell)=3:2. The particle size is 110nm and with core-shell structure. The contact angle of emulsion film to water is 98.1º. The synergistic effect of versatate and fluorocarbon based on core-shell structure improve the over-all properties effectively.
Oxidative Desulfurization of Gasoline Oil Using K2FeO4 over SO42–/ZrO2 Solid Superacid
Authors: Song Hua , Wang Deng , Zhang Yong Wei
Published: January 2011

A catalyst comprising SO42–/ZrO2superacid was prepared by impregnation and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and BET. A novel procedure for oxidative desulfurization of simulated light fuel oil using K2FeO4over the SO42–/ZrO2solid superacid was developed. The effects of the oxidantion and extraction conditions on desulfurization were investigated. At temperature of 30 °C, SZ of 0.2 g, K2FeO4of 0.2 g, reaction time of 1 h, 20 mL of oil is oxidized, followed by methanol extraction at 15 °C for 10 min with the volume ratio of solvent/oil of 1, the results display desulfurization rate for simulated light fuel oil and straight-run gasoline were 88.2% and 89.2%, respectively.
The Pyrogenation-Characters of Different Layers of the Castor Stalk
Authors: Li Xiao Ping , Zhou Ding Guo , Wang Si Qun , Mao Hai Yan
Published: January 2011

Castor is one kind of excellent woody materials and can be used to make wood based panel instead of the wood materials. To use the castor stalk better, it studies the chemical composition including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and the standard of PRC respectively, the pyrogenation-characters by thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and the relationship between chemical composition and the pyrogenation-characters by SAS. The results showed that the chemical composition and pyrogenation-characters are different in different layers of the castor stalk, besides the castor stalk is mainly pyrolysis in second stage (between 170-330°C).
Research on Wood Fiber Cushion Packaging Material
Authors: Lin Hong , Shi Xiao Dan , Xiao Sheng Ling
Published: January 2011

The new type of cushion packaging material that took wood fiber and starch as raw materials was investigated in this paper. Through compression molding, the effects of some parameters on material’s mechanical properties were studied to optimize the technical process, including the ratio of wood fiber to starch, the content of adhesive and foaming agent. Using DPS data processing system for Second-order Polynomial Stepwise Regression to analyze the effects of the different process parameters on the properties and establish mathematical model, so as to optimize the experimental program and ascertain the best conditions, at the same time to verify it. The results show that the ratio of wood fiber to starch is 1:2, 6% AC foaming agent, and 10% polyvinyl alcohol are the optimum parameter.
Intelligent Identification of High Rock-Filled Embankment Constitutive Model Parameters
Authors: Yang Cheng Zhong , Xu Xian Da
Published: January 2011

Based on the orthogonal design method, the finite element method was combined with the artificial neural network to have established high rock-filled embankment constitutive model parameters inverse analysis method. According to orthogonal design requirements, the level of inversion parameters were selected and the numerical simulation program were determined. By ANSYS software calculated out the analysis samples of neural network and trained the BP neural network.Using the field monitoring displacement,the soil constitutive model parameters were identified and the inversion parameters were compared with the theoretical value.The results show that: the maximum relative error of the inversion value with the theoretical value is no more than 9%,which meets accuracy requirements.
Failure Behaviour of Sandwich Beam Subjected to Projectile Impact
Authors: Meng Li Qing , Chen Shi Zhe , Wu Yan , Shu Xue Feng
Published: January 2011

Aerodynamic gun impact test is carried out to investigate sandwich beam with metallic skin and Nomex honeycomb core damage mechanism and failure behaviour. Details of the deformation and damage progression within the sandwich beam are observed in particular. The comparisons between the two kinds of specimen with different thickness skins clearly show that the difference in the impact energy consumed in global bending deformation and the localized indentation. Theoretical elastic bending stiffness of the sandwich beam with thicker skins is approximately 2.26 times greater than that of sandwich beam with thinner skins.
Study of Vinyltrimethoxysilane Modified Wood Flour/HDPE Composites
Authors: Li Chun Tao , Wang Wei Hong , Wang Qing Wen , Xie Yan Jun , Song Yong Ming , Wang Hai Gang
Published: January 2011

Wood plastic composites (WPC) are a new type of green environmental composites with high performance and added value. In this paper, poplar wood flour was modified with vinyltrimethoxysilane(A-171) to improve the interfacial compatibility and enhance the interfacial bonding between the polar wood flour and nonpolar plastics. Then the modified wood flour was blended with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and prepared composites by extrusion. The effects of amount and solution concentration of A-171 on the properties of WPC were investigated. FTIR analysis indicated that polycondensation grafting reaction occurred between A-171 and wood flour. Compared to untreated wood flour/HDPE composites, both mechanical properties and water resistance of the composites were improved and presented optimal performance when the dosage of A-171 was 4%. The storage modulus G' and viscosity η*of the composites decreased but the loss tangent tanδ increased compared to the untreated composites. G' and η* raised with the increase of A-171, however, tanδ decreased. Solution concentration of A-171 did not show significant effect on the mechanical properties of composites, but water resistance of composites decreased with the increase of solution concentrateon of A-171.
Isolation from Tannery Wastewater and Characterization of Bacterial Strain Involved in Nonionic Surfactant Degradation
Authors: Yan Bing Hua , Yang Hai Jun , Wei Jian Hong , Luo Lin
Published: January 2011

A bacterial strain OPQa3 capable of utilizing nonylphenol polyoxyethylene (NPnEO) as sole carbon source was isolated from water samples collected from tannery waste treatment plant suffered long-time application of NPnEO by enrichment method. It was preliminarily identified as Brevundimonas sp. (most similar to Brevundimonas diminuta (EU434566.1)), according to the observation of morphological characteristics, physiological-biochemical tests and the similarity analysis of its 16S rDNA gene sequence. Inoculated 2% of OPQa3 suspension, to give a final OD600of approximately 0.70, to inorganic salt medium in which the initial concentration of NPnEO was 746 mg•L-1, degradation test showed that, the degradation rate of strain OPQa3 was 84.5% within 120 hours, the optimum temperature was 30°C while the optimum pH value was about 7, and the growth period was of 24 hours.
Forest Biomass Estimation Based on Forest Inventory Data in Middle and Last Scales
Authors: Li Ming Ze , Fan Wen Yi , Yu Ying
Published: January 2011

The forest biomass (which is referred to the arbor aboveground biomass in this research) is one of the most primary factors to determine the forest ecosystem carbon storages. There are many kinds of estimating methods adapted to various scales. It is a suitable method to estimate forest biomass of the farm or the forestry bureau in middle and last scales. First each subcompartment forest biomass should be estimated, and then the farm or the forestry bureau forest biomass was estimated. In this research, based on maoershan farm region, first the single tree biomass equation of main tree species was established or collected. The biomass of each specie was calculated according to the materials of tally, such as height, diameter and so on in the forest inventory data. Secondly, each specie’s biomass and total biomass in subcompartment were calculated according to the tree species composition in forest management investigation data. Thus the forest biomass spatial distribution was obtained by taking subcompartment as a unit. And last the forest total biomass was estimated.