bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives and advances in consolidated bioprocessing strategies for lignin valorization
Authors: Guo Jianming , Liu Dylan , Xu Yong
Published: February 2024

Complex and heterogeneous aromatic structures present limitless opportunities for the valorization of abundant residual lignin resources in nature and industry.
Redox insights and OER activity in 3D-MOFs: the role of alkali metal ions
Authors: Dinda Susanta , Karmakar Arun , Ghoshal Debajyoti , Kundu Subrata
Published: February 2024

In situ decoration of outer sphere K+ ions was made in a 3D Co(ii) MOFs, those are showing outstanding OER activity; having 27-fold higher TOF than Co3O4 materials. The impact of K+ ions was examined through various electrochemical studies, marking first instance of such an investigation.
Coherent arrangement of perylene diimide derivative via adhesion-controlled transfer for noise-suppressed light signal detection
Authors: Lim Jihyun , Jang Woongsik , Yang Zhao , Wang Dong Hwan
Published: February 2024

The coherent arrangement of NPDI is successfully processed using molecule interaction to produce a uniform surface. This process leads to effective trap density suppression resulting in high performance and clean signals from optoelectronics.
Molecular modification of spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene]-based dopant-free hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Kumar Deepak , Chavan Rohit D. , Kumar Kodali Phani , Yadagiri Bommaramoni , Ans Muhammad , Kruszyńska Joanna , Mahapatra Apurba , Nawrocki Jan , Nikiforow Kostiantyn , Mrkyvkova Nada , Siffalovic Peter , Yadav Pankaj , Akin Seckin , Singh Surya Prakash , Prochowicz Daniel
Published: February 2024

Two spiro-OMeTAD analogues featuring a spiro[fluorene-9,9-xanthene] central core have been designed and applied in PSCs as dopant-free HTLs. The device based on SP-SMe reveals better performance and operational stability than the spiro-OMeTAD-based device.
Synthesis of pure and doped nano-calcium phosphates using different conventional methods for biomedical applications: a review
Authors: Kawsar Md. , Sahadat Hossain Md. , Alam Md. Kawcher , Bahadur Newaz Mohammed , Shaikh Md. Aftab Ali , Ahmed Samina
Published: February 2024

Six commonly used synthesis techniques for calcium phosphates are solid-state, mechano-chemical, wet-chemical precipitation, hydrolysis, sol–gel, and hydrothermal methods.
Two dye-encapsulated triple-emitting naphthalene-based Zr-MOFs for tunable white-light emission and dual mode detection of inorganic ions
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Guang , Liu Xin , Chen Dashu , Xing Hongzhu , Yang Liu
Published: February 2024

A dual-dyes-encapsulated white-light emitting naphthalene-based Zr-MOF was synthesized and employed as fluorescent sensor for detecting inorganic ions with quenching or colorimetric detection mode.
Interfacial diffused reaction at two-phase solution induced crystallization for high-quality perovskite single crystals
Authors: Yao Zhun , Chai Feifei , Li Guiqiang , Zhang Zhiping , Wang Xiushan , Zuo Xingxuan , Li Lanlan , Zhang Quanguo , Liu Yucheng
Published: February 2024

A novel and universal two-phase solution method is developed to grow high-quality halide perovskite single crystals in this work. It can be expected that this method will help to advance the application of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Near-infrared Cr3+-doped lead-free halide perovskite microcrystals for information encryption and temperature thermometry
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Li , Ling Faling , Wang Yongjie , Xiang Guotao , Zhou Xianju , Jiang Sha , Yang Zhiyu , Hua Yongbin , Yu Jae Su
Published: February 2024

Lead-free double perovskite materials have attracted lots of interest because they can be doped with luminescence activators to modify their optical characteristics and improve photoluminescence performances.
Strain-induced tunable valley polarization and topological phase transition in SVSiN2 monolayer
Authors: Qi Yunxi , Yao Can , Zhao Jun , Zeng Hui
Published: February 2024

Strain-induced topologically nontrivial phase and valley polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect in the 2D Janus SVSiN2 monolayer.
Pressure-induced structural and magnetic ordering transitions in the J1–J2 square lattice antiferromagnets AMoOPO4Cl (A = K, Rb)
Authors: Xu Yuanhui , Cui Rui , Jiang Hongping , Du Yixuan , Jia Yongchao , Sun Keju , Hao Xianfeng
Published: February 2024

A hypothetical P4/n phase, involving the mutual twisting of MoO5Cl and PO4 polyhedra, has been constructed and considered suitable for the high-pressure phase of AMoOPO4Cl (A = K, Rb) as it effectively replicates the experimental observations.
Role of the auxiliary ligand in determining the genotoxicity and mode of cell death of thiosemicarbazone Pd(ii) complexes
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. , Khaled Rabaa M. , Radacki Krzysztof , Abo-Zeid Mona A. M. , Shehab Ola R. , Mostafa Gamal A. E. , Ali Essam A. , Abo-Elfadl Mahmoud T.
Published: February 2024

We report how the cytotoxicity, mode of death and genotoxic effect of a series of square planar Pd(ii) complexes are determined by the auxiliary ligand coupled to the Pd(ii) ion, which is chelated by the tridentate thiosemicarbazone ligand.
How the spin state tunes the slow magnetic relaxation field dependence in spin crossover cobalt(ii) complexes
Authors: Rabelo Renato , Toma Luminita , Julve Miguel , Lloret Francesc , Pasán Jorge , Cangussu Danielle , Ruiz-García Rafael , Cano Joan
Published: February 2024

Coexistence of tunable spin-crossover and field-dependent single-molecule magnet behaviours in cobalt(ii)-pyridine-2,6-diiminephenyl complexes.
Application of phosphorus-bridged rigid, bent bis(NHCs) as dipodal ligands in main group and transition metal chemistry
Authors: Terschüren Tatjana , Schnakenburg Gregor , Streubel Rainer
Published: February 2024

The first doubly P-bridged rigid, bent bis(NHCs) were generated and shown to be good building blocks in main group adducts and metal complexes with selective thermal retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition chemistry.
Kinetic model of asymmetric dehydration of aldoxime catalyzed by immobilized OxdPsp in an organic solvent
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Zhang Yunlong , Zhang Xiaoying , Wen Shiyang , Qiao Min , Liu Junhong , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: February 2024

The combination of enzymatic synthesis and computer simulation can provide a more powerful solution for obtaining chiral products that are used as pharmaceuticals.
Green synthesis of a disordered N-doped carbonaceous aerogel from waste for the removal of over-the-counter drugs and environmental assessment
Authors: Asati Himanshu , Mondal Raka , Tripathi Kumud Malika
Published: February 2024

Removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater and growth of plants by treated water using waste biomass-derived carbonaceous aerogel.
A copper-functionalized zirconium metal–organic framework for catalytic oxidative carboxylation of olefins and CO2
Authors: Tran Y. B. N. , Nguyen Phuong T. K. , Dao Vinh-Ai , Le Van-Dung
Published: February 2024

A Cu incorporation by post-metalation of a Zr-based metal–organic framework (MOF) produces a robustly bimetallic MOF that is suitable for selective CO2 adsorption and efficient conversion of CO2 and olefins into cyclic carbonates.
Ligand-free supermolecules: [Pd2@Ge18]4− and [Pd2@Sn18]4− as multiple-bonded Zintl-ion clusters based on Pd@Ge9 and Pd@Sn9 assembled units
Authors: Rodríguez-Kessler Peter L. , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: February 2024

Zintl-ions viewed as the fusion of two building units can be further understood in terms of two interacting superatoms, leading to the rationalization of bonding characteristics in overall structures.
Synthesis of 2,2-difunctionalized 2H-azirines via I2-mediated annulation of enamines
Authors: Lu Qing , He Yanmin , Chang Junbiao , Yu Wenquan
Published: February 2024

Various 2,2-difunctionalized 2H-azirines were synthesized via I2-mediated annulations of enamines in the presence of nucleophiles under mild and transition metal-free conditions.
Simple pyrazoles as efficient organocatalysts for alkyne–CO2 carboxylation and one-pot construction of heterocycles
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Gen , Xing En-Hui , Liu Yawei , Jin Chen , Du Zelin , Xu Yan , Zhang Dawei , Gao En-Qing
Published: February 2024

Simple pyrazoles are highly active bifunctional organocatalysts for alkyne–CO2 carboxylation and are applicable to orthogonal tandem catalysis for the one-pot construction of various heterocycles, during which unexpected acyl migration is observed.
A universal solvent effect on the formation of soluble humins in glucose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Li Hui , Min Hanyun , Hu Yexin , Hu Ping , Li Linzhen , Yang Huaqing , Hu Changwei , Zhu Liangfang
Published: February 2024

This fundamental understanding of the solvent-controlled formation of soluble humins in glucose dehydration highlights the importance of deliberately tailoring the solvent composition to inhibit the formation of undesired humins in HMF production.
Gradient core–shell structure enabling high energy storage performances in PVDF-based copolymers
Authors: Sun Xindi , Zheng Yantao , Liu Kaixin , Liu Zhigang , Zhang Fengyuan , Deng Yuan , Wang Yao
Published: February 2024

An elaborate gradient core–shell structure design for all-organic polymers significantly boosts comprehensive energy storage performance.
ZnO based 0–3D diverse nano-architectures, films and coatings for biomedical applications
Authors: Krishna Suresh Babu Naidu , Jakmunee Jaroon , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Prakash Jai
Published: February 2024

This review highlights the design and engineering of ZnO based 0–3D nano-architectures, thin films and coatings with tunable characteristics for multifunctional biomedical applications.
White-light emission triggered by pseudo Jahn–Teller distortion at the pressure-induced phase transition in Cs4PbBr6
Authors: Drushliak Viktoriia , Kapcia Konrad J. , Szafrański Marek
Published: February 2024

The study of Cs4PbBr6 revealed an unusual pressure-induced increase in the volume of PbBr6 octahedra originating from the pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect that triggers white-light emission above 3.2 GPa.
Evaluation of vanadium coordination compounds derived from simple acetic acid hydrazide as non-conventional semiconductors
Authors: Sarjanović Josipa , Topić Edi , Rubčić Mirta , Dubraja Lidija Androš , Pavić Luka , Pisk Jana
Published: February 2024

Vanadium(v) complexes prepared from acyl-hydrazones were obtained. The structural transformations were observed by applying in situ impedance spectroscopy, while electrical characteristics were correlated with thermal and structural properties.
Long‐term scenario generation of renewable energy generation using attention‐based conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Li Hui , Yu Haoyang , Liu Zhongjian , Li Fan , Wu Xiong , Cao Binrui , Zhang Cheng , Liu Dong
Published: February 2024

Long‐term scenario generation of renewable energy is regarded as an important part of the optimal planning of renewable energy systems. This study proposes a scenario generation method for generating long‐term correlated scenarios of wind and photovoltaic outputs from historical renewable energy data. The generation of scenarios was divided into two processes: long‐term yearly sequence generation and intraday scenario generation of wind–solar energy. In the long‐term yearly sequence generation process, the k‐means clustering algorithm and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation method were developed to capture the seasonal and long‐term features of wind and photovoltaic energies. Furthermore, an attention‐based conditional generative adversarial network (ACGAN) was proposed to capture short‐term features. An attention structure and conditional classifiers were developed to capture features in the generated scenarios. To accelerate the convergence process and improve the quality of the generated scenarios, a gradient penalty was included in the ACGAN model. Numerical case studies were conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method using a real‐world dataset.
Construct watchlist security constraints for monthly unit commitment considering wind power uncertainty
Authors: Li Yuanjing , Wang Ying , Li Lili , Jiang Jingxiao , Zhang Kaifeng
Published: February 2024

Monthly unit commitment (UC) is a decision‐making process that determines the optimal generation scheduling of mid and long‐term power system, often operating as a subproblem within monthly electricity market operations and long‐term maintenance scheduling optimization in China. Dealing with transmission constraints in monthly security‐constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is considered to be challenging, but its simplification can be achieved through eliminating inactive security constraints. Additionally, the uncertainty associated with wind power needs to be given due consideration in monthly scheduling. Here, a three‐step watchlist construction strategy is proposed to facilitate the rapid screening of overloaded power flow constraints in monthly unit commitment, including three lists (i.e. list of risk, list of concern, and list of interest) under different conservatism. Importantly, the shift factor method is utilized to screen the potential overloaded constraints arising from the redispatch process for hedging the effects of large wind uncertainties. Results obtained from the testing of IEEE‐118 system indicates that more than 99% of active power flow constraints could be successfully screened out when wind power fluctuation is at 20%. As such, the proposed scheme provides an effective method to consider uncertainty associated with large‐scale wind power generation integrated into the power grid.
Sparse vegetation height estimation based on non‐local sample selection with generalised inner product
Authors: Xu Jing , Cheng Long , Xue Chao , Suo Zhiyong
Published: February 2024

With the assumption of densely distributed vegetation in PolInSAR processing, the height parameters can be inversed by the conventional random volume over ground (RVoG) method. During the procedure of RVoG, the samples used to estimate the PolInSAR coherence are selected directly from the neighbouring areas. However, for sparsely distributed vegetation, the scattering statistics are different from those of densely distributed vegetation. Therefore, the inversion performance will be deteriorated if the samples are selected directly in the neighbouring areas. A new phase‐based method is proposed to select samples, whose positions represent the volume scattering pixels, for sparsely distributed vegetation height inversion. By analysing the scattering characteristics of sparsely distributed vegetation, the processing data vector is formulated based on the amplitude‐normalised interferograms. With the PolSAR classification, the generalised inner product (GIP) is iteratively used to select the non‐local samples based on the formulated phase data vectors, which are utilised for sparsely distributed vegetation height inversion. For the selected sample sets, the vegetation distribution can be approximately regarded as “dense distribution”, and then the vegetation height parameters can be inversed by RVoG method. Compared to the height inversion performance based on different sample selection methods, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the PolSARPro simulated data and the real airborne L‐band PolInSAR data.
Anoikis‐related genes as potential prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer: A multilevel integrative analysis and predictive therapeutic value
Authors: Lin Yongjian , Liu Jinlu
Published: February 2024

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequent malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Exploring the potential anoikis mechanisms and pathways might facilitate GC research.

Purpose

The authors aim to determine the significance of anoikis‐related genes (ARGs) in GC prognosis and explore the regulatory mechanisms in epigenetics.

Methods

After describing the genetic and transcriptional alterations of ARGs, we searched differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the cancer genome atlas and gene expression omnibus databases to identify major cancer marker pathways. The non‐negative matrix factorisation algorithm, Lasso, and Cox regression analysis were used to construct a risk model, and we validated and assessed the nomogram. Based on multiple levels and online platforms, this research evaluated the regulatory relationship of ARGs with GC.

Results

Overexpression of ARGs is associated with poor prognosis, which modulates immune signalling and promotes anti‐anoikis. The consistency of the DEGs clustering with weighted gene co‐expression network analysis results and the nomogram containing 10 variable genes improved the clinical applicability of ARGs. In anti‐anoikis mode, cytology, histology, and epigenetics could facilitate the analysis of immunophenotypes, tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), and treatment prognosis.

Conclusion

A novel anoikis‐related prognostic model for GC is constructed, and the significance of anoikis‐related prognostic genes in the TIME and the metabolic pathways of tumours is initially explored.
Implicit like time discretization for the one-phase Hele-Shaw problem with surface tension
Authors: Meunier Nicolas , Lavi Ido , Pantz Olivier
Published: February 2024

In this work, we propose and compare three numerical methods to handle the one-phase Hele-Shaw problem with surface tension in dimension two by using three variational approaches in the spirit of the seminal works \cite{Otto, Gia_Otto}.
Eingriffe in einen gesunden Körper
Authors: Lalee Laura , Lalee Rasoul
Published: February 2024

Operative Eingriffe, um den Körper seinem inneren Empfinden anzugleichen, sind keine Seltenheit mehr. Geschlechtsangleichende Maßnahmen sind medizinischer Alltag geworden. Jedoch gilt das nicht für jede Form der Körpermodifikation. Die Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) ist ein wenig erforschtes Phänomen, bei dem die Betroffenen das Verlangen nach einer Behinderung verspüren. Oftmals äußert sich diese Störung durch den Wunsch nach einer fehlenden Extremität. Bisweilen gelten Amputationen, ohne eine konventionelle medizinische Indikation, als rechtswidrig. Im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche wurden Argumente zusammengetragen, welche für bzw. gegen eine Legalisierung von Amputationen bei BID-Betroffenen sprechen. Im Zuge dessen wurde, unter Berücksichtigung medizinethischer Prinzipien, ein theoretischer Vergleich zur Geschlechtsinkongruenz gezogen.

Als zentrales Argument zugunsten einer Legalisierung wurde die Linderung des Leidensdrucks und dadurch die Verhinderung selbstdurchgeführter, lebensgefährlicher Amputationen aufgeführt. Weiterhin wurde der Vergleich zur Geschlechtsinkongruenz gezogen und im Sinne der Gleichbehandlung verschiedener Patientengruppen ebenfalls für eine Legalisierung argumentiert. Entgegengesetzt wurde verdeutlicht, dass geschlechtsangleichende Maßnahmen, im Gegensatz zu Wunschamputationen, keine Behinderung erzeugen. Zudem wurde festgestellt, dass ein solch schwerwiegender Eingriff nicht lediglich aus der Tatsache heraus legalisiert werden sollte, dass andere gesundheitsschädigende Operationen etabliert sind. Letztlich ist die BID noch zu unerforscht, um fest für eine Legalisierung von Wunschamputationen sprechen zu können.
Beruf und Privatleben in Einklang bringen
Authors: Welk Ina
Published: February 2024

Stress, Zeitdruck, Überstunden – der OP-Beruf ist häufig herausfordernd und belastend. Wie lässt sich trotzdem die Balance zwischen Berufs- und Privatleben halten?
Die Verweildauer von OTA im OP
Authors: Künzer Mareike
Published: February 2024

Um dem Fachkräftemangel im OP entgegenzuwirken, wurde in Deutschland im Jahr 1990 die Ausbildung zu Operationstechnischen Assistent*innen (OTA) eingeführt 1. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob die Ausbildung zu OTA tatsächlich den Fachkräftemangel reduziert: Bleiben ausreichend OTA langfristig im OP-Beruf oder orientieren sie sich beruflich um? Eine Studie liefert Antworten.
Einfluss von andauerndem Schmerz und Medikamenten auf das Sturz- und
Frakturrisiko
Authors: Frohnhofen Helmut , Stenmanns Carla
Published: February 2024

Die Prävalenz von Schmerzen steigt mit dem Alter, ebenso wie die Anzahl
der gleichzeitig vorliegenden Erkrankungen. Diese Multimorbidität
triggert zudem die Verordnung zahlreicher Medikamente. Diese sog. Polypharmazie
oder die Verordnung bestimmter Medikamentengruppen wie Analgetika, Hypnotika
oder Antidepressiva sind mit der Häufigkeit von Sturzereignissen und
Frakturen assoziiert. Diese Assoziation verleitet dazu, durch eine Reduktion der
Anzahl der verordneten Medikamente ungünstige Ereignisse zu verhindern.
Die Evidenz für diesen Ansatz konnte in randomisierten Studien jedoch
nicht erbracht werden. Das Management der Medikation im Alter erfordert eine
klare Indikation für ein Präparat, die
regelmäßige Überprüfung dieser Indikation und
die Auswahl des am besten verträglichen Präparates.
Interventional Therapy of Pelvic Venous Disorders (PeVD)
Authors: Dewald Cornelia Lieselotte Angelika , Becker Lena Sophie , Meyer Berhard Christian
Published: February 2024

Background Pelvic venous disorders (PeVD) are an underdiagnosed cause of chronic pelvic pain in women. They are caused by venous insufficiency of the pelvic or ovarian veins, leading to the development of mainly periuterine and periovarian varices. It is a progressive disease if left untreated and can cause swelling, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and other symptoms, some non-specific, that affect the patient’s quality of life. Interventional therapies are a central component of the treatment of PeVD, with a variety of techniques available for both diagnosis and treatment.

Method This review provides an overview of the pathophysiologic background, diagnosis, and, most importantly, interventional treatment options for PeVD.

Results There is a lack of standardized nomenclature and internationally accepted diagnostic criteria for PeVD as well as randomized controlled trials demonstrating clinical success. However, in clinical trials, endovascular therapy for PeVD has been shown to be safe and effective. This review presents the various interventional techniques for the treatment of PeVD, including embolization, stenting, and sclerotherapy.

Conclusion The importance of PeVD is receiving growing recognition. Recent advances, such as the development of the Symptoms-Varices-Pathophysiology (SVP) classification, provide an impetus to standardize nomenclature and are the first step toward systematizing disease management. Interventional therapies provide a safe and tailored minimally invasive treatment option for patients with PeVD.

Key Points 

Citation Format
Development of Plant-Derived Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody Targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 against Mouse Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bulaon Christine Joy I. , Khorattanakulchai Narach , Rattanapisit Kaewta , Sun Hongyan , Pisuttinusart Nuttapat , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo
Published: February 2024

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, with monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, yielding promising clinical benefits. However, with the advent of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in clinical trials, developing next-generation antibodies with potentially increased efficacy is critical. Here, we aimed to generate a recombinant bispecific monoclonal antibody for dual inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 axes. The plant system was used as an alternative platform for bispecific monoclonal antibody production. Dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 is a plant-derived bispecific monoclonal antibody that combines both programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 blockade into a single molecule. Dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 was transiently expressed in
Nicotiana benthamiana and the expression level was determined to be the highest after 4 days of infiltration. The size and assembly of the purified bispecific monoclonal antibody were determined, and its function was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The molecular structures of plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 are as expected, and it was mostly present as a monomer. The plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 showed in vitro binding to programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 proteins. The antitumor activity of plant-produced bispecific monoclonal antibody was tested in vivo by treating humanized Balb/c mice bearing a CT26 colorectal tumor. Plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 significantly inhibited tumor growth by reducing tumor volume and weight. Body weight changes indicated that the plant-produced
bispecific monoclonal antibody was safe and tolerable. Overall, this proof of concept study demonstrated the viability of plants to produce functional plant-based bispecific immunotherapy.
Performance of a single-use gastroscope for esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Prospective evaluation
Authors: van der Ploeg Koen , de Jonge Pieter J.F. , Lammers Wim J. , Koch Arjun Dave , Vos Margreet C. , Paulsen Vemund , Aabakken Lars , Bruno Marco
Published: February 2024

Background and study aims Reprocessing reusable endoscopes is challenging due to their non-sterilizable nature. Disinfection has been shown to have a significant risk of failure with serious consequences. Single-use endoscopes can eliminate contamination risk and reduce workflow delays caused by reprocessing. This study evaluated the clinical performance of single-use gastroscopes in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

Patients and methods In this case series, 60 patients underwent EGD using single-use gastroscopes, with 34 procedures in the endoscopy department and 26 in the intensive care unit. The primary outcome was successful completion of the intended EGD objective. Furthermore, certified endoscopists assessed device performance on a five-point Likert scale (ranging from 1-"much worse" to 5-"much better"), considering their experience with a reusable gastroscope.

Results Successful completion of EGDs using only the single-use gastroscope was achieved in 58 of 60 cases (96.7%). In two cases, crossover to an ultra-slim endoscope was necessary to either reach the esophageal stenosis or to transverse the stenosis. Overall satisfaction was rated as comparable to reusable scopes in 51 of 56 cases (91.1%) and inferior in five cases (8.9%). The lower weight of the single-use gastroscope was rated as superior in 42 of 60 cases (70.0%). Drawbacks included reduced image quality (23 of 45 cases; 51.1%). Feedback included the absence of a freeze button, lens cleaning issues, and small image size.

Conclusions Single-use gastroscopes exhibited a high EGD completion rate and effectiveness for various indications. Further research should focus on evaluating the implementation of single-use gastroscopes in a comprehensive context, considering clinical effectiveness, costs, and environmental impact.
Photoinduced Direct Carbamoylation of Ethers with Isocyanates towards the Synthesis of α-Amide-Substituted Ether Derivatives
Authors: Qi Ming , Li Jing-Han , Lu Xiao-Jie , Xu An-Wu
Published: February 2024

Photoinduced carbamoylation of ethers using isocyanates as amide sources was accomplished under mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. A series of isocyanates were tolerated in this protocol to construct α-amide-substituted ether derivatives with desired yields. The method featured broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, which could play an important role in the construction of biological molecules with ethers.
Finding the Wanderer Nerve: A Novel Use of ETT Surface Electrodes in Vagal Nerve Stimulator Insertion Surgery
Authors: Prasad Sethulakshmi , Varma Salini , Sethuraman Manikandan
Published: February 2024

Endotracheal tube (ETT) surface electrodes have been in vogue for vagal nerve identification and monitoring for a while. They have been used in thyroid surgeries as well as neurosurgical procedures involving the skull base or brain stem. These electrodes have been proved vital in preventing inadvertent vagal nerve injury and damage during such procedures. However, ETT surface electrodes have not yet been used in vagal nerve stimulator insertion surgeries. Here, we report the first such case of vagal nerve stimulator insertion surgery wherein ETT surface electrodes were successfully used for vagal nerve identification.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Associated Encephalitis: Favorable Aggressive Immunosuppression in a Patient
Authors: Della Giustina Elvio , Bergonzini Patrizia , Sintini Michele , Spagnoli Carlotta , Fusco Carlo , Salviato Tiziana , Reggiani Bonetti Luca
Published: February 2024

Meningoencephalitis is the most important extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. It is complicated by seizures in at least 40% of cases, and in half of them, status epilepticus can occur during the acute phase, often leading to severe neurological sequelae. Brain imaging ranges from normal to diffuse edema, focal changes, and abnormal signals in the white matter, basal ganglia, and hippocampi. Here, we describe a boy who presented with an acute onset of transient alteration of behavior, meningeal irritation, fever, vomiting, and leg pain. Meningoencephalitis due to M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed by focal pneumonia, positive immunological tests, and increased protein content in cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral focal abnormalities in the temporoinsular cortex, and electroencephalographic recordings showed slow waves in the same regions. After early infusion of acyclovir on the first day, aggressive combination therapy with oral erythromycin, and intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin was promptly initiated once a complete diagnosis was obtained on the second day, and the boy recovered within a few days. Two weeks later, brain imaging findings had resolved completely. The rapid clinical and neuroradiological recovery after immunosuppressive therapy suggests an immune-mediated pathogenetic mechanism. He developed immune-mediated myositis 2 years later demonstrating the instability of his immunological status.
Fournier's Gangrene: Skin Grafting
Authors: Yadav R. C. , Sharma Raka , Mathur A. K. , Chandalia B. S.
Published: February 2024

A report of 7 cases of Fournier's Gangrene is presented With local treatment and systemic antibiotics gangrene was controlled. After seperation of gangrencous arca split skin graft give good and normal looking and functioni scrotum and penis.
Revisiting Elliot's Modification of Moberg's Flap and Our Improvisation
Authors: Jayachandiran Anand Prasath , Rajendran Suresh , Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao Venkata , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Ananthappan Manoj
Published: February 2024

Thumb tip injuries constitute one of the most common hand injuries. There are various reconstructive options for thumb tip injuries. We present our series of thumb tip injuries reconstructed using Elliot's modiﬁcation of the Moberg ﬂap, which provides like-for-like tissue. We also present our flap improvisation, which can be useful in the armamentarium of plastic surgeons.

Background Moberg described the advancement ﬂap for thumb defects in 1964, which was modiﬁed by O'Brien in which the proximal part of the ﬂap is incised and advanced. Although it is a popular ﬂap, it has the disadvantage of interphalangeal (IP) joint ﬂexion deformity. Among the various modiﬁcations of the Moberg ﬂap, Elliot's ﬂap provided more tissue with minimal donor site morbidity and no usage of skin grafts or ﬁrst web skin.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patients who underwent reconstruction of thumb defects by Elliot's modified Moberg's ﬂap. The size of the defect, etiology, and IP joint movement were analyzed. Two patients underwent our improvised ﬂap where a daughter ﬂap was elevated within Elliot's ﬂap.

Results Between January 2021 and September 2023, 12 patients underwent reconstruction by Elliot's ﬂap. All ﬂaps settled well. There was no IP joint deformity. Two patients had scar hypertrophy that was managed conservatively.

Conclusion Elliot's modification of the Moberg ﬂap is a very useful but underutilized ﬂap for thumb tip injuries that provides like tissue with sensation and with little donor site morbidity. It can be used for thumb tip defects of up to 3 cm. It is possible to incorporate a second V-Y ﬂap in patients for whom additional movement is required for tension-free closure.
Immediate Postpartum Breastfeeding following Pregnancy with Cardiac Disease
Authors: Tinajero Yolanda , Parikh Nisha I. , Harris Ian S. , Gonzalez Juan M. , Agarwal Anushree , Sobhani Nasim C.
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to identify predictors of immediate postpartum breastfeeding among women with maternal cardiac disease (MCD).

Study Design This study included all gravidas with MCD who delivered at a single institution from 2012 to 2018. Charts were abstracted for maternal demographics, obstetrical outcome, cardiac diagnoses, cardiac risk stratification scores, and prepregnancy echocardiogram findings. Kruskal–Wallis and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the breastfeeding (BF) group versus the nonbreastfeeding (NBF) group. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results Among 211 gravidas with MCD, 12% were not breastfeeding at the time of postpartum hospital discharge. Compared with the BF group, the NBF group had a significantly higher proportion of women with cardiomyopathy (21% NBF vs. 7% BF, OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.12–10.71), with modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification ≥III (33 vs. 14%, OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.22–8.15), and with prepregnancy ejection fraction (EF) < 50% (55 vs. 14%, OR = 7.20, 95% CI: 1.92–27.06). There were otherwise no differences between the two groups with regards to other cardiac diagnoses or cardiac risk scores.

Conclusion In women with MCD, cardiomyopathy, modified WHO class ≥III, and a prepregnancy EF < 50% were associated with NBF in the immediate postpartum period. These findings may guide providers in identifying a subset of women with MCD who can benefit from increased breastfeeding counseling and support.

Key Points
NuMoM2b Study Insights: Primary Exposures, Outcomes, and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Kragenbrink Leanna , Schopper Claire M. , McNeil Rebecca B. , Grobman William A. , Silver Robert M. , Haas David M.
Published: February 2024

Objective To summarize the publications to date from a large obstetric cohort of nulliparous individuals.

Study design We summarized all of the publications from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b). We descriptively summarized the most common outcomes and exposures reported in current publications.

Results Fifty-six publications to date are discussed. The most common primary exposures reported are participant baseline characteristics such as body mass index (24%), sociodemographic characteristics (22%), and sleep factors (16%). These exposures were most commonly measured in the first trimester (77%). The most commonly reported primary outcomes were related to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs, 51.6%), with 25% using a composite of multiple APOs as the primary outcome. At least 8,000 participants were used in the analyses of over half of the publications.

Conclusion The nuMoM2b study has generated a diverse array of publications and conclusions on factors associated with APOs. The publicly available data set from the nuMoM2b study continues to hold potential for considerable advances, new insights, and future research opportunities to optimize pregnancy and pregnancy-related health.

Key Points
Effectiveness of deterministic option pricing models: new evidence from Nifty and Bank Nifty Index options
Authors: Singh Vipul Kumar , Kumar Pawan
Published: February 2024

This research delves into the empirical performance of deterministic option pricing models in the dynamic financial landscape of India. The primary focus is on uncovering pricing discrepancies and discerning whether these disparities arise from inherent limitations in the theoretical foundations of the models or are influenced by the trading behaviors of market participants. The investigation centers on the analysis of call and put option contracts for the Nifty Index and Bank Nifty Index, both extensively traded on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. The study’s findings highlight that models developed to address the theoretical constraints of the benchmark Black–Scholes model demonstrate noteworthy performance. However, the complexity of these models does not consistently translate into enhanced pricing efficiency. Notably, the Black–Scholes and Practitioner Black–Scholes models exhibit superior performance across various moneyness-maturity categories. Furthermore, the research underscores the substantial impact of option contract liquidity on the efficiency of the pricing models. Specifically, highly traded at-the-money and out-of-the-money option contracts exhibit a higher level of pricing accuracy.
Hydrodynamic effects of the elliptical spacer filament on the flow and mass transfer in a desalination membrane channel
Authors: Li Xinyu , Hu Xiao , Zhu Zuchao , Lin Yongjie , Lin Peifeng , Lin Renyong
Published: February 2024

This study numerically investigates the impacts of an elliptical spacer on the flow and mass transfer within a desalination membrane channel. We consider the effects of the fluid Reynolds number, the elliptical spacer position yin/H, the flow attack angle θ and the aspect ratio B of spacer on the fluid flow, concentration polarization, and permeation flux. Our findings reveal that the elliptical spacers can improve both the mass transfer and permeation flux compared with the traditional circular spacers. Placing the spacer near the membrane surface effectively disrupts the concentration boundary layer, thereby amplifying the local concentration polarization surrounding the spacer. A single recirculation vortex behind the spacer induces numerous large vortices around the membrane, resulting in a significant increment in freshwater production. By changing θ and B, the system's stability can be reduced, potentially leading to a 16.0% increment in permeation flux when compared with the traditional circular spacers. Furthermore, the drag and lift coefficients acting on the elliptical spacer are greater than those of circular spacers, which is the main reason for the transition of flow condition. Our findings provide a reference for the design of the efficient structures in reverse osmosis membranes.
Improving multi-state appliance classification by SE-DenseNet based on color encoding in non-intrusive load monitoring
Authors: Han Yinghua , Dou Zhiwei , Zhao Yu , Zhao Qiang
Published: February 2024

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a technique that efficiently monitors appliances' operational status and energy consumption by utilizing voltage and current data, without intrusive measurements. In NILM, designing efficient classification models and building distinctive load features are crucial. However, due to its continuously variable load characteristics, multi-state load identification remains the most challenging problem in NILM. In this paper, we improve the encoding of the color V–I trajectory by incorporating instantaneous power, thereby enhancing the uniqueness of V–I trajectory features. Furthermore, we investigate a NILM method based on deep learning methods and propose a densely connected convolutional network with squeeze-and-excitation network (SE-DenseNet) architecture to solve the multi-state load identification problem. Initially, the architecture leverages DenseNet's dense connectivity property to generate a multitude of feature maps from the V–I trajectory. Then, SENet's channel attention mechanism is employed to enhance the utilization of effective features, which is more effective for multi-state load identification. Experimental results on the NILM public datasets PLAID and WHITED show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method reaches 98.60% and 98.88%, respectively, which outperforms most existing methods.
Motility-induced phase separation of soft active Brownian particles
Authors: Torres-Carbajal Alexis , Sevilla Francisco J.
Published: February 2024

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is the hallmark of non-equilibrium phase transition in active matter. Here, by means of Brownian dynamics simulations, we determine the phase behavior and the critical point for phase separation induced by motility of a two-dimensional system of soft active Brownian particles, whose interaction is modeled by the generalized purely repulsive Weeks–Chandler–Andersen potential. We refer to this model as soft active Brownian particles. We determine and analyze the influence of particle softness on the MIPS and show that the liquid–gas coexistence region is wider, the softer the interparticle interactions becomes. Moreover, the critical value of the self-propulsion velocity at which diluted and dense phases start to coexist also increases; as a consequence, the softer the particle interaction is, the bigger self-propulsion velocities are needed in order to observe a MIPS.
Perspectives and progress on wurtzite ferroelectrics: Synthesis, characterization, theory, and device applications
Authors: Casamento Joseph , Baksa Steven M. , Behrendt Drew , Calderon Sebastian , Goodling Devin , Hayden John , He Fan , Jacques Leonard , Lee Seung Hoon , Smith Walter , Suceava Albert , Tran Quyen , Zheng Xiaojun , Zu Rui , Beechem Thomas , Dabo Ismaila , Dickey Elizabeth C. , Esteves Giovanni , Gopalan Venkatraman , Henry Michael David , Ihlefeld Jon F. , Jackson Thomas N. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Kelley Kyle P. , Liu Yongtao , Rappe Andrew M. , Redwing Joan , Trolier-McKinstry Susan , Maria Jon-Paul
Published: February 2024

Wurtzite ferroelectrics are an emerging material class that expands the functionality and application space of wide bandgap semiconductors. Promising physical properties of binary wurtzite semiconductors include a large, reorientable spontaneous polarization, direct band gaps that span from the infrared to ultraviolet, large thermal conductivities and acoustic wave velocities, high mobility electron and hole channels, and low optical losses. The ability to reverse the polarization in ternary wurtzite semiconductors at room temperature enables memory and analog type functionality and quasi-phase matching in optical devices and boosts the ecosystem of wurtzite semiconductors, provided the appropriate combination of properties can be achieved for any given application. In this article, advances in the design, synthesis, and characterization of wurtzite ferroelectric materials and devices are discussed. Highlights include: the direct and quantitative observation of polarization reversal of ∼135 μC/cm2 charge in Al1−xBxN via electron microscopy, Al1−xBxN ferroelectric domain patterns poled down to 400 nm in width via scanning probe microscopy, and full polarization retention after over 1000 h of 200 °C baking and a 2× enhancement relative to ZnO in the nonlinear optical response of Zn1−xMgxO. The main tradeoffs, challenges, and opportunities in thin film deposition, heterostructure design and characterization, and device fabrication are overviewed.
Pattern selection mechanism from the equilibrium point and limit cycle
Authors: Zheng Qianqian , Shen Jianwei , Pandey Vikas , Yuan Xiaoping , Guan Linan
Published: February 2024

The outbreak of infectious diseases often exhibits periodicity, and this periodic behavior can be mathematically represented as a limit cycle. However, the periodic behavior has rarely been considered in demonstrating the cluster phenomenon of infection induced by diffusion (the instability modes) in the SIR model. We investigate the emergence of Turing instability from a stable equilibrium and a limit cycle to illustrate the dynamical and biological mechanisms of pattern formation. We identify the Hopf bifurcation to demonstrate the existence of a stable limit cycle using First Lyapunov coefficient in our spatiotemporal diffusion-driven SIR model. The competition between different instability modes induces different types of patterns and eventually spot patterns emerge as stable patterns. We investigate the impact of susceptible, infected, and recovered individuals on the type of patterns. Interestingly, these instability modes play a vital role in selecting the pattern formations, which is directly related to the number of observed spot patterns. Subsequently, we explain the dynamical and biological mechanisms of spot patterns to develop an effective epidemic prevention strategy.
Numerical simulation of temperature gradient effects on gallium nitride crystal growth by sodium-flux method
Authors: Wu Wenxiao , Pan Ronglin , Yang Rui , Yao Jineng , Zhou Mingbin , Xiong Zhihua
Published: February 2024

During the growth of gallium nitride single crystals by sodium-flux method, temperature significantly impacts crystal quality. In this study, the mechanism of the effect of different temperature gradients on crystal growth is analyzed in depth using a combination of numerical simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that epitaxial growth of crystals occurs under positive temperature gradient conditions, while there is dissolution of seed crystals under negative temperature gradient conditions. The temperature, flow, and concentration data of the melted material during crystal growth were calculated using numerical simulation. The simulation findings reveal that the distribution of solution supersaturation varies according to temperature. High supersaturation at the bottom of the melt is favorable for crystal epitaxial growth on the surface of seed crystals under a positive temperature gradient. Meanwhile, low supersaturation at the top of the melt suppresses the hard polycrystalline layer here. Under negative temperature gradient conditions, low supersaturation at the bottom of the melt may lead to remelting of seed crystals, which is consistent with the experimental phenomenon. Furthermore, we propose an optimized heat source profile. This profile manages high supersaturation near seed crystals, aiding continuous growth. Finally, we have applied the curve in an applied way by proposing a multi-stage heating device, based on which the desired arbitrary temperature profile can be modulated. This research has broad applications in a variety of crystal growth experiments using fluid as the mother phase.
The 1/4 occupied O atoms induced ultra-flatband and the one-dimensional channels in the Pb10−xCux(PO4)6O4 (x = 0, 0.5) crystal
Authors: Tao Kun , Chen Rongrong , Yang Lei , Gao Jin , Xue Desheng , Jia Chenglong
Published: February 2024

The search for room-temperature superconductors has been a long-standing goal in condensed matter physics. In this study, we investigate the electronic and geometric properties of lead apatite with and without Cu doping within the framework of the density functional theory. Based on our calculations, we found that without Cu doping, the lead apatite PPOO shows an insulator character with flatbands that straddle the Fermi level. Once we introduce O1 vacancies, the flatbands disappear. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of Cu doping on the crystal structure and the electronic band structure of the material PCPOO4. Our calculations reveal the presence of one-dimensional channels induced by fully occupied O1 atoms that are only 1/4 occupied in the literature, which may play a crucial role in the realization of room-temperature superconductivity. Based on our findings, we propose a possible solution to improve the quality of superconductivity by annealing the material in an oxygen atmosphere. These results contribute to a better understanding of the unusual properties of Cu-doped lead apatite PCPOO4 and will pave the way for further exploration of its potential as a room-temperature superconductor.