bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capture–Recapture Techniques for Transport Survey Estimate Adjustment Using Permanently Installed Highway-Sensors
Authors: Klingwort Jonas , Buelens Bart , Schnell Rainer
Published: September 2019

In this article, survey, sensor, and administrative data are combined to correct for survey point estimate bias due to underreporting. The response to the Dutch Road Freight Transport Survey is linked to records from a road sensor network consisting of automated weighing stations installed on highways in the Netherlands. Capture–recapture (CRC) methods are used to estimate underreporting in the survey. Heterogeneity of the vehicles with respect to capture and recapture probabilities is modeled through logistic regression and log-linear models. Six different estimators are discussed and compared. Results show a downward bias in the survey estimate due to underreporting, whereas the CRC estimators yield larger estimates. This research is a new example of multisource statistics, a promising approach to improve the benefits of sensor data in the field of official statistics.
Plausible deniability
Authors: Strayhorn Joshua A
Published: September 2019

One explanation for why voters sometimes fail to hold elected officials accountable for corruption is failure to correctly attribute blame. Yet existing theories of how voters attribute responsibility do not consider how voters assessments may be shaped by the possibility that politicians can strategically delegate corrupt activity. This paper develops a formal model of an electoral accountability environment where politicians can pursue malfeasance directly or indirectly, but where ‘rogue agents’ occasionally pursue malfeasance independently. Corruption can arise via multiple pathways, and politicians sometimes possess plausible deniability. In one equilibrium, voters rationally reelect after plausibly deniable corruption due to a non-obvious and novel mechanism. Politicians are also more likely to delegate malfeasance to agents when they anticipate lenience. Voter lenience is non-monotonically related to many parameters, including politician competence, the agent’s malfeasance preferences, and transparency.
Testing multiple dose combinations in clinical trials
Authors: Saha Saswati , Brannath Werner , Bornkamp Björn
Published: September 2019

Drug combination trials are often motivated by the fact that individual drugs target the same disease but via different routes. A combination of such drugs may then have an overall better effect than the individual treatments which has to be verified by clinical trials. Several statistical methods have been explored that discuss the problem of comparing a fixed-dose combination therapy to each of its components. But an extension of these approaches to multiple dose combinations can be difficult and is not yet fully investigated. In this paper, we propose two approaches by which one can provide confirmatory assurance with familywise error rate control, that the combination of two drugs at differing doses is more effective than either component doses alone. These approaches involve multiple comparisons in multilevel factorial designs where the type 1 error can be controlled first, by bootstrapping tests, and second, by considering the least favorable null configurations for a family of union intersection tests. The main advantage of the new approaches is that their implementation is simple. The implementation of these new approaches is illustrated with a real data example from a blood pressure reduction trial. Extensive simulations are also conducted to evaluate the new approaches and benchmark them with existing ones. We also present an illustration of the relationship between the different approaches. We observed that the bootstrap provided some power advantages over the other approaches with the disadvantage that there may be some error rate inflation for small sample sizes.
Thromboelastography Parameters as Predictors for Long-Term Survival in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Luo Cuizhu , Zhuang Bingjie , Chen Zhongqing
Published: September 2019

Thromboelastography (TEG) is used for monitoring abnormal blood coagulation in critically ill patients. However, the correlation between TEG parameters and long-term survival in these patients is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effect of TEG on long-term survival of critically ill patients. Critically ill patients undergoing TEG were retrospectively examined. Baseline patient characteristics and coagulation function indexes were compared. Cox regression, receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimate curve were performed. We included 167 critically ill patients. Clot formation speed (K) and reaction time (R) were higher, whereas maximum amplitude (MA) and angle were lower in the mortality group than in the survival group ( P < .01). All TEG parameters were risk factors for 2-year survival in critically ill patients ( P < .01). The area under the curve of MA for predicting 2-year survival was 0.756 (95% confidence interval: 0.670-0.841). The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate curve analysis showed that MA predicted 2-year survival of critically ill patients( P < .01). Maximum amplitude can effectively predict 2-year survival of critically ill patients, indicating the influence of the coagulation system on these patients.
Sliding wear behavior of plasma sprayed 65% (NiCrSiFeBC)–35% (WC–Co) coating at elevated temperatures
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Kaur Manpreet
Published: September 2019

Knowledge and optimization of tribological behavior of hot forming dies play an important role in attaining high process productivity. But research in this field has been limited. Keeping this in view, the current investigation aims to explore the potential of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) 65% (NiCrSiFeBC)–35% (WC–Co) coating in optimizing friction coefficients and minimizing the wear of AISI H11 and AISI H13 hot forming steels at elevated temperatures. Detailed characterization of the as-sprayed specimens was carried out using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Wear and friction tests were done utilizing a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer under two different loads and temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800 ℃. The results have shown that the developed coating exhibited lower porosity, higher microhardness, and performed much better than the uncoated specimens. The wear mechanisms of the coated specimens were mainly abrasive at room temperatures and 400 ℃. Fatigue, tribo-oxidation, and three-body abrasion were observed as the dominant mechanisms at 800 ℃.
Creative tensions in progressive higher education
Authors: Mandell Alan , Jelly Katherine
Published: September 2019

In a rapidly changing context, US institutions of higher education are struggling amidst myriad pressures related, for example, to funding, accountability, standardisation and technology. In particular, pressures on ‘progressive’ or non-traditional colleges are immense. These schools, which have historically emphasised individualised, student-centred pedagogy, access and diversity, experimentation and a commitment to social justice, are in danger of losing their distinctive vision as the challenges they face have undermined their practices and thrown into question their identity, if not their survival. This essay argues, first, that if progressive institutions are to sustain their distinctive approach, they must not succumb to demands that drive them towards the conventional, but rather must use these challenges to renew their practice; second, that they must examine creative tensions, the perennial questions that reflect a generative interplay between competing values; and, third, that they must remain mindful of the principles undergirding their progressive vision. Mining these tensions as opportunities for grappling with the pressures at hand, the essay provides examples of possibilities for progressive change. Instead of slipping into the conventional or succumbing to despair, the essay shows that we can respond creatively to the challenges all higher education and especially progressive institutions face today.
What HRD Is Doing—What HRD Should be Doing: The Case for Transforming HRD
Authors: Torraco Richard J. , Lundgren Henriette
Published: September 2019

Human resource development (HRD) is no longer expected to be the primary agency for promoting learning and development among employees. Today, HRD is diffused and integrated into a broad range of leadership and supervisory roles. As more responsibility for learning and development is assumed by others, what is the role of HRD? Although HRD has largely adapted to sharing more of its traditional responsibility for learning and development, the field has also encountered challenges and criticisms. We juxtapose recent adaptations and advances in HRD with perspectives on the dilemmas, challenges, and criticisms of HRD as seen by those outside the field of HRD. Grounded in a comprehensive review of recent literature, the authors seek to provide a balanced perspective on HRD’s strengths and weaknesses and to conceptualize a new perspective on HRD and its transformation for the future.
The mechanisms of acute interstitial nephritis in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma
Authors: Tucci Marco , Passarelli Anna , Todisco Annalisa , Mannavola Francesco , Stucci Luigia Stefania , D’Oronzo Stella , Rossini Michele , Taurisano Marco , Gesualdo Loreto , Silvestris Franco
Published: September 2019

Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has improved the prognosis of patients with a number of types of cancer, but the frequent development of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) can worsen the outcome. The most common irAEs involve the gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and endocrine systems, but nephrotoxicity, resulting from damage to the tubule-interstitial compartment, may occur in some patients. The early phases of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) are characterized by systemic symptoms that indicate a poor clinical state as well as a mild deterioration of renal function. Tubular injury is due to a direct effect mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which sustain the local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that progressively impair renal function. The treatment of AIN is mainly based on high-dose steroids, which in most instances leads to the recovery of renal function. However, the premature discontinuation of ICI therapy may prevent the impact of treatment on the clinical progression of the malignancy. Adequately addressing irAEs requires a standardized therapy that is based on the results of large clinical trials.
MKK7, the essential regulator of JNK signaling involved in cancer cell survival: a newly emerging anticancer therapeutic target
Authors: Park Jae Gwang , Aziz Nur , Cho Jae Youl
Published: September 2019

One of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) plays an important role in regulating cell fate, such as proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. Its activity is induced through the interaction of MAPK kinase kinases (MAP3Ks), MAPK kinases (MAP2Ks), and various scaffolding proteins. Because of the importance of the JNK cascade to intracellular bioactivity, many studies have been conducted to reveal its precise intracellular functions and mechanisms, but its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the molecular characterization, activation process, and physiological functions of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7), the MAP2K that most specifically controls the activity of JNK. Understanding the role of MKK7/JNK signaling in physiological conditions could spark new hypotheses for targeted anticancer therapies.
Comparison of bleeding risks among non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants using the Korea adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Ko Young-Jin , Kim Seonji , Park Kyounghoon , Kim Minsuk , Yang Bo Ram , Lee Joongyub , Kim Mi-Sook , Park Byung-Joo
Published: September 2019

Background:

In order to ensure safer use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), continuously detecting unexpected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after market approval is necessary.

Methods:

We performed disproportionality analysis to evaluate association between ADRs and NOACs including apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban using data from the Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management–Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database (KIDS-KD) between 2012 and 2016. There was no significant signal other than bleeding when considering quantity, signal strength, seriousness, and causality. In order to evaluate the NOAC reports about bleeding, we selected 62 WHO-ART diagnostic codes associated with bleeding. Among the 26 codes that referred to major bleeding, 18 codes referred to gastrointestinal bleeding and 8 were referred to intracranial bleeding. We evaluated the significance of the signals using reporting odds ratios (RORs) adjusted for age and sex.

Results:

Treatments with apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban were associated with 1989, 1668, and 2960 adverse events, respectively. Any type of bleeding with apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin was reported in 174 (8.8%), 209 (12.5%), 523 (17.8%), and 620 (9.5%) events, respectively. For any bleeding, adjusted RORs of apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban were 0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–1.17], 1.47 (95% CI: 1.25–1.75), and 2.48 (95% CI: 2.16–2.84), respectively. With respect to major bleeding, the adjusted RORs of apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban were 1.08 (95% CI: 0.82–1.41), 1.46 (95% CI: 1.10–1.90), and 1.82 (95% CI: 1.43–2.32), respectively.

Conclusion:

Rivaroxaban might have stronger association with bleeding than apixaban and dabigatran.
Treatment of Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Vancouver Type B2: Revision Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation With Locking Compression Plate
Authors: Baum C. , Leimbacher M. , Kriechling P. , Platz A. , Cadosch D.
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

The Vancouver algorithm recommends revision arthroplasty (RA) for Vancouver type B2 (VTB2) fractures. However, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using locking compression plates (LCP) may be a valid and less invasive alternative treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Between January 2007 and March 2017, we retrospectively recruited all patients treated with either ORIF with LCP or RA for VTB2 fractures in our clinic. All of the following were reviewed: the length of hospital stay, the operating time, the need for blood transfusions during and/or after surgery, implant-related and patient-related complications, need for revision surgery, and the radiological outcome. Additionally, the functional outcome was investigated.

Results:

Fifty-nine patients were recruited. Thirty-five (59.3%) patients underwent RA, while 24 (40.7%) patients received ORIF with LCP. The median surgical time was 137.50 minutes in the LCP group compared to 160.00 minutes in the RA group ( P = .051). Three (12.5%) patients in the LCP group and 10 (28.6%) patients in the RA group experienced an implant-associated complication ( P = .131). Patient-related complications occurred in 3 (12.5%) patients in the LCP group versus 6 (17.1%) patients in the RA group ( P = .628). The mean preoperative Parker mobility score was 9 points in both groups and decreased in both groups to a mean of 5 points in the LCP and 7 points in the RA group.

Discussion:

Open reduction and internal fixation with LCP seems to be a less invasive procedure for VTB2 fractures in comparison to RA. It is a bone-sparing procedure that can be advantageous for further revision operations. Moreover, some fractures can only be anatomically reduced by ORIF with LCP, whereas for proximal fractures with a radiologically unambiguously loosened stem RA might be advantageous.

Conclusion:

In line with previously published studies, our data suggest that ORIF using LCP is a valid treatment option for VTB2 fractures.
Infrastructure, wildlife tourism, (il)legible populations: A comparative study of two districts in contemporary Botswana
Authors: LaRocco Annette Alfina
Published: September 2019

This article interrogates how the provision (or absence) of state infrastructure such as roads, bridges, permanent buildings, water reticulation, electricity, and transport facilities in regions hosting the lucrative tourism industry is linked to state control and regulation of the use of space, as well as the daily lives of conservation-adjacent citizens. Using the dialectic of legibility and illegibility in the context of Botswana’s expansive wildlife tourism industry, it examines how ambiguous government expansions and retractions of infrastructure function as mechanisms of state-building in relation to the natural environment. In Botswana’s western region, the provision of infrastructure draws out previously sparsely populated and seasonally mobile people from “the bush” to live in state-sanctioned villages, pulling them into a relationship of “legibility” with the state. However, in the north, where the bulk of the tourism industry is based, the calculus is different. The allocation of infrastructure is delayed or denied in order to maintain the fiction of a people-free wilderness that appeals to foreign tourist consumers—pushing local people into “illegibility”. The myth of a people-less wilderness produces highly differentiated modes of state intervention in rural areas, shifting local peoples’ ability to interface with the state, the tourism industry, and other citizens. This article conceptualizes illegibility not as a form of resistance to, or avoidance of, state power but in the unique context produced by enclave wildlife tourism, an alternative manifestation of state power.
La suspensión estoica del sentido de justicia
Authors: Braicovich Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

El objetivo del artículo consistirá en analizar las distintas estrategias que encontramos en las fuentes del estoicismo imperial destinadas a poner en suspenso nuestro sentido de justicia, el cual es considerado implícitamente por los estoicos del período como responsable de algunas actitudes no deseables en nuestra búsqueda de la eudaimonía. Organizaré las estrategias de acuerdo a dos grandes grupos: aquellas que atacan la idea de que una injusticia ha sido cometida, y aquellas que apuntan a la idea de que, aun cuando una injusticia haya sido cometida, existen actitudes más convenientes para exhibir ante la misma que la demanda de castigo o el deseo de venganza. Finalizaré enfatizando la dificultad de conciliar los dos conjuntos de estrategias y sugeriré una posible forma de explicar las razones de dicha dificultad.
Assessoria para inclusão de práticas sustentáveis em eventos da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Neves Loretta Aparecida Leme das , Coêlho Bruna Lopes
Published: September 2019

Devido à quantidade significativa de eventos que são realizados em universidades, como semanas acadêmicas, simpósios e congressos, aliados à grande geração de resíduos e impactos, justificam-se os esforços para promoção de práticas sustentáveis nesse setor. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), campus Uberaba, no período de 2014 a 2016. No primeiro ano, foi elaborado o Guia de Eventos Sustentáveis da UFTM, no qual foram descritas práticas sustentáveis para serem inseridas no planejamento e execução de eventos vinculados à Universidade. Nos dois anos subsequentes, foi formada uma equipe, denominada Assessoria de Eventos Sustentáveis (Ases), com a função de assessorar esses eventos. Foram 37 eventos assessorados no total, sendo 5% classificados como “Não sustentáveis”, 68% como “Parcialmente Sustentáveis” e 27% como “Sustentáveis”. A assessoria de eventos foi extremamente positiva, pois influenciou as comissões quanto ao uso de práticas sustentáveis, como adoção de pastas feitas com banner reaproveitado, substituição de copos descartáveis por canecas duráveis, realização dos eventos em locais com acessibilidade e inserção de comidas veganas. No entanto, verificou-se resistência da comunidade acadêmica em aceitar a assessoria, motivada pela falta de conscientização socioambiental e preocupação com aumento de gastos.

oambiental e preocupação com aumento de gastos.
Speech Rate Effects on VOT in a 3-category Language: Evidence from Hakha Chin
Authors: Lee Seung Suk , Berkson Kelly Harper
Published: September 2019

This study probes the claim made under the Laryngeal Realism (Beckman et al. 2011/2013 among others), by investigating the effect of speech rate on VOT in Hakha Chin. The present study uses the diagnostics of changing the speech rate (Beckman et al. 2011), and examines whether it can be used to find the specified phonological features of a language with a three-way contrast, Hakha Chin. The Laryngeal Realism states that the phonological features are privative and that the aspirating language is specified with the feature [spread glottis], while the true voiced language is specified with the feature of [voice]. It has been widely known that the speech rate affects laryngeal stops asymmetrically, and LR authors argue this is because the phonological features are privative rather than binary (e.g. Kessinger & Blumstein 1997). Methodologically, it attempts to experimentally control the rate variation with the help of metronome (de Jong 2001). The present study observes that in Hakha Chin, at a slower rate, the VOT of the prevoiced stop and the aspirated stop increase, while the voiceless unaspirated does not, which support the claims of the LR, but with caveats due to speaker variations.
Aparat Pengawas Intern Pemerintah: Perannya dalam Pengawasan Intelijen yang Akuntabel di Badan Intelijen Negara
Authors: Kuncoro Wahyu
Published: September 2019

Artikel ini hendak mengkaji praktik pengawasan intelijen yang dilaksanakan di Badan Intelijen Negara. Secara spesifik, tulisan ini berfokus pada bagaimana auditor internal dalam hal ini Aparat Pengawas Intern Pemerintah (APIP) berperan sebagai aparat pengawasan intelijen. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan melakukan penelaahan terhadap konsep-konsep dan teori-teori serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan, dan studi literatur primer serta sekunder. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pelaksanaan pengawasan internal di Badan Intelijen Negara telah berjalan beriringan dengan pengawasan intelijen, dan didukung dengan berbagai kebijakan yang memadai. Pengawas internal telah menjalankan peran ganda baik sebagai pengawas internal dalam kerangka tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik sekaligus dalam perannya sebagai pengawas intelijen. Oleh karena itu, auditor internal di Badan Intelijen Negara memiliki peran yang strategis dalam menjalankan fungsi pengawasan internal sekaligus pengawasan intelijen. Meskipun demikian, terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu menjadi perhatian guna meningkatkan efektifitas dan akuntabilitas pengawasan intelijen, yaitu dibutuhkannya penyusunan kebijakan strategis nasional terkait pelaksanaan pengawasan intelijen, penyusunan metode pengawasan intelijen yang ilmiah, dan adanya ruang bagi partisipasi publik.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for oscillation of nonlinear first-order forced differential equations with several delays of neutral type
Authors: Pinelas Sandra , Santra Shyam S.
Published: September 2019

In this work, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained such that every solution of nonlinear neutral first-order differential equations with several delays of the form

(x⁢(t)+r⁢(t)⁢x⁢(t-τ))′+∑i=1mϕi⁢(t)⁢H⁢(x⁢(t-σi))=f⁢(t)\bigl{(}x(t)+r(t)x(t-\tau)\bigr{)}^{\prime}+\sum_{i=1}^{m}\phi_{i}(t)H\bigl{(}% x(t-\sigma_{i})\bigr{)}=f(t)

is oscillatory or tends to zero ast→∞.{t\rightarrow\infty.}This problem is considered in various ranges of the neutral coefficientr. Finally, some illustrating examples are presented to show that feasibility and effectiveness of main results.
On the track to adulthood: the missions of the young human being, dodging the risks and gaining the tools
Authors: Urkin Jacob , Porter Basil , Bar-David Yair
Published: September 2019

Medical staff are expected to cooperate with other professions and agencies in helping the young human in achieving the goal of becoming a healthy, well- functioning adult that expresses her/his maximal potential. Achieving this goal should be cost-effective. Cost includes not just the economic burden but also psychosocial determinants such as emotional disruption, stress, living at risk, malfunctioning, and dependency. Acknowledging the risks and the expected achievements at each age are useful in analyzing the failure of community health programs and in planning preventive modalities and needed remedies.
A Facile Method to Synthesize Ni2P Catalysts and their Catalytic Performances in Hydrotreating Reactions
Authors: Wu Jianguo , Ren Shibiao , Hu Dongdong , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhicai , Lei Zhiping , Pan Chunxiu , Kang Shigang , Shui Hengfu
Published: September 2019

The bulk and supported Ni2P catalysts (Ni2P/γ-Al2O3 and Ni2P/MCM-41) were facile prepared by using nickel metal as nickel source via thermal treatment of hypophosphite in a separated reactor. The thermal decomposition behaviors of sodium hypophosphite were studied by online mass spectra. The effects of atmosphere, temperature, reaction time, and P/Ni atomic ratio on the as-prepared Ni2P catalysts were investigated. The Ni2P catalysts can also be obtained by using NiCl2 as nickel source but not for NiO. Since the nickel source is nickel metal and Ni2P catalysts were prepared in a separated reactor, the as-prepared Ni2P catalysts from Ni0 can be directly used without further purification, but the as-synthesized Ni2P catalyst from NiCl2 source should be further treated to remove the residues (such as Cl–) before use. As the active species for hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), Ni2P shows much higher activity than Ni0. For hydrodearomatization (HDA), Ni2P/MCM-41 shows much lower activity than Ni/MCM-41 but much better resistance to S-containing compounds in hydrogenation of naphthalene. The mechanism for synthesizing Ni2P catalysts with this facile method is proposed by online mass spectra.
Über die schwebstoff-abscheidende Wirkung von Polystyrol
Authors: Weber Richard
Published: September 2019

Die Wirkung von Aerosolfiltern kann durch Imprägnierung der Filterfaser mit hochisolierenden organischen Kunststoffen wie Polystyrol gesteigert werden. Es ist dies ein elektrostatischer Effekt.
Beugung elektromagnetischer Zentimeterwellen an metallischen Blenden
Authors: Severin Hans
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Mit Hilfe des für Hertz sehe Wellen formulierten Huyghens - Fresnel sehen Prinzips können die auf der Mittelnormalen einer kreisförmigen Blende beobachteten Beugungserscheinungen auch im Nahfeld der Öffnung quantitativ richtig beschrieben werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß dieser Ansatz mit der Kirchhoff sehen Theorie der Beugung verträglich ist und die M a x w e 11 sehen Gleichungen erfüllt.
Neutroneneinfang des Urans in verschiedenen Energiebereichen
Authors: Sauerwein Kurt
Published: September 2019

Bei genauerer Untersuchung des Einfangs von Neutronen durch 238U zeigt sich, daß nicht nur langsame Neutronen der Energie 7,5 eV, die sog. Resonanzneutronen, eingefangen werden, sondern daß außerdem eine Gruppe „mittelschneller" Neutronen von einigen Hundert e-Volt in einem breiten Energiebereich eingefangen wird. Es tritt scheinbar eine Art Absorptionsbande geringer Höhe, aber einer Breite von mehreren Hundert e-Volt auf, die vermutlich aus einer sehr dichten Folge von Absorptionslinien innerhalb dieses Energiebereichs besteht. - Die Wirkung dieser mittelschnellen Neutronen konnte untersucht werden mit Hilfe von primären schnellen Neutronen, deren Geschwindigkeitsverteilung variiert wurde durch Bremsung in verschieden dicken Paraffinschichten. - Außer Abschätzungen über den neu gefundenen Effekt werden die Ergebnisse der damit zusammenhängenden Untersuchungen über den Resonanzeinfang von Neutronen mitgeteilt.
Gasballastpumpen
Authors: Gaede Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Beim Absaugen von dampfhaltigen Gasen kondensiert sich ein Teil des Dampfes während des Kompressionsvorgangs in der Pumpe. Dies kann durch Einlassen von zusätzlicher Luft, „Gasballast" genannt, in den Schöpfraum der Pumpe vermieden werden. Die Arbeitsweise derartiger Pumpen wird beschrieben, die zur Vermeidung von Kondensation erforderlichen Gasballastmengen werden ermittelt. Das erforderliche Gasballastvolumen ist um so niedriger, je geringer der Partialdruck des Dampfes im angesaugten Gase ist; daher ist die Einschaltung eines Kondensators vor der Pumpe wichtig. Über dem Kondensator ist das Verhältnis der Partialdrucke von Gas und Dampf gegenüber dem freien Gasraum verschoben, so daß eine Anreicherung von Gas über der Kondensationsfläche eintritt, die „Gasschleier" genannt wird. Ein experimenteller Nachweis dieses Gasschleiers, der von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung für die Betrachtung von Kondensationsvorgängen in dampfhaltigen Gasen ist, wird beschrieben
Die Abhängigkeit der Reichweite der Elektronen von ihrer Energie
Authors: Glocker Richard
Published: September 2019

Angabe einer Näherungsformel, nach Art der Flammersfeld sehen Formel, für praktische und wahre Reichweiten im Energiebereich von 15 keV bis nahezu 100 MeV. Nachweis, daß der Exponent im Whiddingtonschen Gesetz kleiner als 2 ist. Angabe einer Näherungsformel für die spezifische Ionisation der Luft von 4 bis 200 keV. Erklärung der geringen Unterschiede zwischen wahrer, praktischer und maximaler Reich-weite.
Isotopenverschiebung beim Cadmium durch Ionenwanderung in geschmolzenem Cadmiumchlorid
Authors: Klemm Alfred , Hintenberger Heinrich , Seelmann-Eggebert Walter
Published: September 2019

An der Grenze zwischen LiCl und CdCl2 wurde durch elektrolytische Ionenwanderung (Dauer 50 h, Stromdichte 5,5 A/cm2 , Trennstrecke 13 cm, Temperatur 630° C) die Isotopenverteilung beim Cd zugunsten der leichten Isotope verschoben. Der Trennfaktor der besten Fraktion (47 mg CdCl2) in bezug auf natürliches Cd betrug 1,046 für 1% Massenunterschied, also 1,5 für die Isotope 106 Cd und 116 Cd. Als Masseneffekt er-gab sich μ = In (i ω/kω )/In (im/km) = - 0,067 und als Vervielfachung (Trennstufenzahl) 67.
Ober die Metallionenadsorption an Metalloberflächen
Authors: Erbacher Otto , Herr Wilfrid , Wiedemann Malene
Published: September 2019

Mit Hilfe radioaktiver Indikatoren wurde das Adsorptionsverhalten'verschiedener Metallionen an festen Metallen und am flüssigen Quecksilber untersucht. Der Adsorptionsvorgang läßt sich nicht durch die Langmuirsche Gleichung beschreiben, sondern gehorcht der Ostwaldschen (Freundlichschen) Adsorptionsisotherme. Abweichend von den Isothermen der festen Metalle zeigen die am Quecksilber aufgenommenen Kurven eine geringere Adsorption. Der Einfluß des Lösungsmittels, der Salzlöslichkeit, des dem Ion entsprechenden Normalpotentials, der lonenladung spwie der Hydratation der Ionen und schließlich des adsorbierenden Metalls auf den Adsorptionsvorgang wird im Hinblick auf die Konstanten der Ostwaldschen (Freundlichschen) Adsorptionsisotherme diskutiert.
Gewinnung von Radiosilber (Ag 111)
Authors: Zimen Karl-Erik
Published: September 2019

Im Zusammenhang mit zwei Arbeiten, bei denen Radiosilber als Indikator Verwendung fand 1, wurde die chemische Gewinnung dieser Atomart aus dem im Cyclotron bestrahlten Palladium untersucht. Die angewandte Abtrennungsmethode und einige Meßdaten, die die Ausbeute und Absorption betreffen, werden mitgeteilt. Die für die Gewinnung des Ag 111 wesentlichen Daten sind in Tab. 1 zusammengestellt. Zu Vergleichszwecken sind auch die zugänglichen Daten für die Produktion von Ag 111 im Kernreaktor aufgeführt.
Erzeugung und Messung eines intensiven Molekularstrahls aus Wasserstoff
Authors: Nöller H. G. , Oetjen G. W . , Jaeckel R.
Published: September 2019

Die Erzeugung von Molekularstrahlen hoher Teilchenzahl von Gasen ist ein Problem leistungsfähiger Diffusionspumpen. Um einen ausgedehnten Wasserstoffmolekularstrahl zu erzeugen, wurden zum Absaugen der Moleküle zwischen Ofenspalt (5 ×2,5 mm) und Kollimatorspalt. (7,5 × 3,5 mm) eine Diffusionspumpe mit einer Sauggeschwindigkeit von über 3000 l/sec und zum Absaugen der durch den Kollimatorspalt hindurchtretenden Moleküle eine Pumpe mit einer Sauggeschwindigkeit über 300 l/sec verwendet. Es ergab sich am Beobachtungsort bei einem Strahlquerschnitt von 4 × 10 mm2 eine maximale Teilchendichte von 3,6×1012 Molekülen/cm3 . Hierbei betrug der Druck im Ofen einige Zehntel Torr, der Druck zwischen den Spalten 10-4 und der Druck im Beobachtungsraum 10-5 Torr.
Das Gleichgewicht H2 + H D O ⇌ H D + H2 O und die weiteren Austauschgleichgewichte im System H2 , D2 und H2O
Authors: Suess Hans E.
Published: September 2019

Die Verteilungskonstanten von Deuterium zwischen Wasserstoff und Wasserdampf wurden bei verschiedenen Deuteriumkonzentrationen im Temperaturbereich von 80 bis 200° neu gemessen. Sie sind innerhalb der Meßfehler ( < 1%) konzentrationsunabhängig. Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Reaktionen H2 + HDO = HD + H2O und HD + D2O = D2 + HDO unterscheiden sich demnach um weniger als 3%. Dies steht mit Rechnungen aus spektroskopischen Daten in Einklang.

Für die Gleichgewichtskonstanten K1= [H2] [HDO] / [HD] [H20] ≈ K2 = [HD] [D2O] / [D2] [HDO] ergaben sich die folgenden Mittelwerte:

t: 80° 100° 120° 140° 160" 200°

K≈ K2 : 2,784 2,573 2,442 2,288 2,168 1,980

Diese Zahlen lassen sich durch die folgende Beziehung darstellen:

log K = 928/4,57 T -0,1320.

Das Ergebnis ist eine volle Bestätigung der erstmalig von Förster im Institut von K. F. Bonhoeffer ausgeführten statistischen Berechnung und der ihr zugrunde gelegten Moleküldaten, die den Arbeiten von Urey und Rittenberg, Mecke und Mitarbb., Topley und Eyring u. a. entnommen wurden. Es steht überdies in vorzüglicher Übereinstimmung mit dem Ergebnis der ersten orientierenden Messungen von Bonhoeffer und Rummel.
Über den Einfluß eines statischen Magnetfeldes auf die elektrodenlose Hochfrequenz-Gasentladung in Wasserstoff
Authors: Koch Bernhard , Neuert Hugo
Published: September 2019

Es wird der Einfluß eines statischen Magnetfeldes auf eine Hochfrequenzgasentladung in Wasserstoff bei Drucken von etwa 1 bis 50-10-3 mm Hg untersucht. Die Abhängigkeit der Leistungsaufnahme von der Magnetfeldstärke zeigt einen resonanzartigen Verlauf. Der Effekt ist bei den niedrigen Drucken am stärksten ausgeprägt. Die Lage der Resonanzstellen ist abhängig von der Senderfrequenz, dem Gasdruck und den Gefäßdimensionen. Im Resonanzbereich erfährt der Sender (mit etwa 20 MHz) eine starke Frequenzänderung (bis zu 2 MHz). Die Beobachtungen lassen auf das Auftreten von Plasmaschwingungen in Resonanz mit der Senderfrequenz schließen. Der Eintritt der Resonanz wird dabei vermutlich durch Veränderung der Elektronenkonzentration erreicht.

Messungen der Verteilung des magnetischen Wechselfeldes in der Entladung mit Hilfe einer kleinen Drahtschleife als Detektor weisen ebenfalls auf das Vorhandensein stehender Wellen hin. In der Resonanzstelle hat die Feldstärke des magnetischen Wechselfeldes im allgemeinen ein ausgeprägtes Minimum. Bei höheren Anodenspannungen des Senders treten dagegen im Falle des kugelförmigen Entladungsgefäßes in der Resonanz sehr scharf begrenzte hohe Feldstärken auf.
Die Atomanordnung des amorphen Germanium
Authors: Fürst Otto , Glocker Richard , Richter Hans
Published: September 2019

Die Atomverteilung in amorphem, durch Aufdampfen hergestelltem Germanium wird durch eine Röntgen-Fourier-Analyse bestimmt und als verschieden von der des flüssigen Germanium (Hendus) gefunden. Für die beiden ersten Koordinationsgruppen stimmen die Zahl der Nachbaratome und ihre radialen Abstände vom betrachteten Atom mit deren des Gitters überein. Es wird ein Modell angegeben, das den Zusammenhang zwischen der Atomanordnung des Gitters und der des amorphen Zustandes erklärt.
Über den Solvatationszustand von Ionen in Flüssigkeitsgemischen
Authors: Kortüm Gustav , Weller Albert
Published: September 2019

Die Leitfähigkeiten von Lithiumpikrat in Wasser-Äthanol-Gemischen werden in Abhängig-keit von der Salzkonzentration und vom Molenbruch des Lösungsmittels gemessen. Aus den Messungen werden durch Extrapolation auf unendliche Verdünnung die Äquivalentleitfähig-keiten A^ ermittelt. Die daraus berechneten Grenzneigungen der Onsager -Geraden zeigen erhebliche Abweichungen von den experimentell bestimmten Werten, selbst in Mischungen hohen Wassergehaltes. Aus diesen Abweichungen wird auf eine auswählende Solvatation der Ionen geschlossen. Im Zusammenhang mit der Ungültigkeit der Waiden sehen Regel wird die Struktur solcher Wasser-Äthanol-Mischungen diskutiert.
Über eine Methode der Variation der Anregungsbedingungen organischer Substanzen in der Glimmentladung
Authors: Schüler H. , Reinebeck L.
Published: September 2019

Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es gestattet, die Anregungsbedingungen organischer Substanzen in der positiven Säule einer Glimmentladung zu variieren, indem man die Elektronengeschwindigkeitsverteilung in der positiven Säule durch Einführung verschiedener "Leitgase" ändert. Die Methode gibt die Möglichkeit, die Energien, die zu der Emission bestimmter, z. Tl. neuer, Spektren notwendig sind, genauer festzulegen. Außerdem ist damit ein Weg gegeben, die zu einer Untersuchung notwendigen Substanzmengen erheblich herabzusetzen.
Die Quantenausbeute der photographischen Wirkung der Röntgenstrahlen als Funktion der Wellenlänge und der Sensibilisierung
Authors: Hoerlin Hermann
Published: September 2019

Die photographische Wirkung der Röntgenstrahlen wurde an zwei hochempfindlichen Emulsionen im Wellenlängenbereich von 1,3 AE bis 0,01 AE untersucht. Die Zahl der von einem absorbierten Quant entwickelbar gemachten Bromsilberkörner nimmt mit wachsender Energie der Photo-und Rückstoßelektronen zu. Im kurzwelligen Gebiet werden jedoch nicht alle getroffenen Körner zur Entwicklung gebracht. Der Schwellenwert, d. h. die kinetische Energie, die an das Durchschnittskorn abgegeben werden muß, um es entwicklungsfähig zu machen, wurde bestimmt und mit entsprechenden Werten für Licht verglichen. Die Verteilung des latenten Bildes auf Kornoberfläche und Korninneres wird gezeigt. Es erweist sich, daß in den für Aufnahmen mit direkten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmten Emulsionen die im Korninnern absorbierte Energie in wirksamer Weise für die Bildung von Oberflächenkeimen herangezogen wird. Sensibilisierung von Röntgenemulsionen mit komplexen Goldsalzen ergibt eine stark wellenlängenabhängige Vergrößerung der Empfindlichkeit.
Über die Lage der Zwillingsebenen in hexagonalen CdS-Kristallen
Authors: Jost Karl-Heinz
Published: September 2019

Die Orientierung der kristallographischen Achsen, die Modifikation und die Lage der Zwillingsebenen wurden mit Hilfe von Röntgenaufnahmen bestimmt.
The Spin Lattice Relaxation of the Nuclear Dipolar Energy in Some Organic Crystals with Slow Molecular Motions
Authors: Van Steenwinkel R.
Published: September 2019

The relaxation of nuclear dipolar energy to the lattice has been measured in three different organic solids (benzene, cyclohexane and hexamethylbenzene) as a function of temperature. In the cases of C6H8 and C6(CH3)6 very slow motions associated with rather high activation energy were detected near the melting point. They are thought to be thermally activated rotations of the molecules about axes other than the hexad axis. In the case of cyclohexane the activation energy for the process of molecular diffusion was determined directly from the experimental results without the need of a model for vacancy diffusion.

A maximum in dipolar relaxation rate was always observed for correlation times of the order of the rigid lattice line width i. e. in the temperature region where the lines narrow.
Zur Formulierung der Hypothese von der elastischen Formänderungsenergiedichte mit einer Erweiterung auf den elastisch-plastischen Bereich / Formulation of the elastic strain energy theory with an enlargement to the elastic-plastic range
Authors: Betten J.
Published: September 2019

Contrary to the MISES' theory, the effort of materials under load is discussed in this paper on the base of the elastic potential. This leads to the elastic strain energy theory due to BELTRAMI. This theory is only true for the elastic case. For υ = 1/2 we obtain the MISES' theory, and by changing υ to υep it is possible to enlarge the elastic strain energy theory to the elastic-plastic deformation.

υep is the ratio between transverse and longitudinal elastic-plastic strain, and υ is the POISSON's ratio.
Tieftemperatur-Remissionsspektren oktaedrisch koordinierter Cu2+ -Ionen im Ligandenfeldbereich / Low temperature reflectance spectra of octahedrally coordinated Cu2+-ions in solids
Authors: Grefer J. , Reinen D.
Published: September 2019

The ligand field reflectance spectra of octahedrally coordinated Cu2+-ions in different host lattices and at different temperature (300 °K - 4 °K) are critically compared. Especially the band shifts with decreasing temperature are analysed with respect to transitions from a dynamical to a static Jahn-Teller effect (macroscopic Jahn -Teller distortion of the lattice). In addition the square planar coordination of Cu2+ is discussed and alternative descriptions in the crystal field formalism and the angular overlap model are given.
Substituted Derivatives of 10-Phenyl-9-Acetoxyanthracene. Absorption and emission spectra, quantum yield and lifetime of fluorescence
Authors: Heidt Janina , Heidt Józef , Gronowska Janina
Published: September 2019

Absorption The absorption and fluorescence spectra of five substituted derivatives of 10-phenyl-9-acetoxy-anthracene were measured and the oscillator strengths of the 1A→1La1A→1Bb and 1A→1Cb electronic vibration bands were determined. Comparison of the absorption spectra of these compounds to the unsubstituted molecule (anthracene) indicate the presence of bathochromic and steric effects. The fluorescence quantum yield and the mean lifetime of the fluorescence were also measured.
Determination of a High Potential Barrier Hindering Internal Rotation from the Ground State Spectrum. The Methylbarrier of Ethylbromide
Authors: Gripp J. , Dreizler H. , Schwarz R.
Published: September 2019

For ethylbromide a determination of the parameters of internal rotation is given derived from the rotational spectrum of the torsional and vibrational ground state. The Br-hyperfine structure is reanalysed with higher precision. As high J transitions were measured a centrifugal distortion analysis was necessary.
Surface Excitations of a Compressible Cylindrical Liquid
Authors: Müller A. , Grossmann S.
Published: September 2019

The stability of an infinitely long, inviscid but compressible liquid jet under sinusoidal disturbances of the surface, still assumed to be sharp, is considered. This extends Rayleigh's theory. We show that despite compressibility the unstable region is λ > λc = 2πa (λ wavelength, a radius) as Rayleigh's criterion for incompressible liquids states. The character of the unstable long wavelength mode changes with compressibility showing a critical onset if the inverse compressibility is only half the surface pressure. The maximum decay rate increases with compressibility and the most unstable wavelength increases too. An infinity of sound-like modes exists; their dispersion relations and flow fields are also given.
Generating CHARISMA: Development of an Intervention to Help Women Build Agency and Safety in Their Relationships While Using PrEP for HIV Prevention
Authors: Hartmann Miriam , Lanham Michele , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Mathebula Florence , Tolley Elizabeth E. , Peacock Dean , Pascoe Laura , Zissette Seth , Roberts Sarah T. , Wagner Danielle , Wilson Ellen , Ayub Asha , Wilcher Rose , Montgomery Elizabeth T. ,   on behalf of the CHARISMA team
Published: September 2019

This article describes the development of the Community Health clinic model for Agency in Relationships and Safer Microbicide Adherence intervention (CHARISMA), an intervention designed to address the ways in which gender norms and power differentials within relationships affect women's ability to safely and consistently use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). CHARISMA development involved three main activities: (1) a literature review to identify appropriate evidence-based relationship dynamic scales and interventions; (2) the analysis of primary and secondary data collected from completed PrEP studies, surveys and cognitive interviews with PrEP-experienced and naïve women, and in-depth interviews with former vaginal ring trial participants and male partners; and (3) the conduct of workshops to test and refine key intervention activities prior to pilot testing. These steps are described along with the final clinic and community-based intervention, which was tested for feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use is Associated With Health Risk Behaviors Among Moderate- and Heavy-Drinking MSM
Authors: Luehring-Jones Peter , Palfai Tibor P. , Tahaney Kelli D. , Maisto Stephen A. , Simons Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Among men who have sex with men (MSM), acute alcohol consumption is associated with higher rates of condomless anal intercourse, which is linked with a greater likelihood of exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. While pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection has become more widespread in this population in recent years, so too have concerns that PrEP uptake may be associated with health risk behaviors. This study investigated differences in sexual behaviors and drug use habits between PrEP users and nonusers in a sample of moderate- and heavy-drinking MSM. Results indicated that PrEP use was associated with riskier sexual practices, weaker self-regulatory cognitions related to condom use, and more frequent illicit drug use. These findings suggest that moderate-and heavy-drinking MSM who use PrEP may comprise a unique risk group that could benefit from targeted counseling or other interventions to reduce their risk of negative health consequences.
La dimensión procesal de la calificación concursal
Authors: Doallo Rodríguez Pablo
Published: September 2019

Las sucesivas modificaciones de la Ley 22/2003, Concursal, han ido actualizando los cauces procesales del concurso para modernizarlos y adaptarlos a un contexto de grave crisis económica. Una de las materias que ha recibido una atención especial por parte del legislador es la calificación del concurso, cuyo objeto es depurar las posibles responsabilidades de quienes estaban a cargo de la gestión del negocio, y que condujeron a la situación de insolvencia. La sección sexta es el iter procesal destinado a originar un pronunciamiento judicial sobre la calificación, y se forma como pieza separada dentro del proceso concursal. En este trabajo intentaremos exponer detalladamente los diferentes hitos procesales de la sección sexta, lanzando una mirada interpretativa pero también crítica de los preceptos que regulan el desarrollo de la sección y que están contenidos en el Capítulo II del Título VI de la Ley Concursal.
O sistema português da ação coletiva
Authors: Branco da Costa Tiago
Published: September 2019

O direito de petição e direito de ação popular surge no direito português enquanto direito constitucionalmente consagrado. Com efeito, em Portugal, vigora a Lei n.º 83/95, de 31 de agosto, que estabelece o regime do direito de participação procedimental e de ação popular.Não obstante o facto de nem todos os ordenamentos jurídicos consagrarem um regime próprio que regule direta e especificamente os termos deste direito fundamental, o certo é que ao nível da União Europeia têm-se congregado esforços no sentido de alcançar um certo nível de regulação e harmonização destas matérias entre os vários Estados-Membros.A corroborar precisamente esta intenção temos a Recomendação da Comissão 2013/396/UE, de 11 de junho de 2013.Este mundo novo promete vários desafios jurídicos que os Estados-Membros terão de ser capazes de ultrapassar, conjugando as diretrizes emanadas pela União Europeia com as suas próprias identidades e culturas jurídicas.