bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesenian Rengganis sebagai Inspirasi Penciptaan Lukisan Surealistik
Authors: Admojo Iqbal Widyawan Prawiro , Widodo Triono , Prasetyo Abdul Rahman
Published: April 2023

Kesenian Rengganis adalah seni pertunjukan berbentuk drama tari lakon yang merupakan akulturasi kebudayaan jawa dengan kebudayaan osing. Kesenian ini disebut juga kesenian Praburoro yang berasal dari kata ‘Prabu’ berarti raja dan ‘Rara’ berarti perempuan, sehingga Praburoro berarti raja perempuan. Kesenian tersebut dapat ditampilkan dengan berbagai bentuk, salah satunya dalam bentuk karya seni lukis. Dalam penelitian ditemukan permasalahan bahwa kesenian Rengganis tidak lagi dikenal akibat tereduksi oleh kesenian lain yang serupa yakni Seni Janger yang lebih populer hingga saat ini. Tujuan Peneliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu mengenalkan kembali kesenian Rengganis dalam karya lukisan surealistik. Peneliti memulai dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, doku-mentasi dan pengolahan data.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penciptaan Alma Hawkins karena relevan dengan topik yang diusung yaitu seni pertunjukan sebagai sumber inspirasi seni lukis. Metode Alma Hawkins meliputi tiga tahap yakni eksplorasi, improvisasi dan pembentukan. Pene­kanan dalam penelitian ini ini terletak pada jenis karyanya, yaitu seni lukis. Seni lukis merupakan suatu kegiatan mengolah medium dua dimensi atau permukaan dari objek tiga dimensi untuk mendapatkan kesan tertentu. Ditemukan hasil bahwa filosofi kesenian Rengganis dapat disampaikan melalui seni lukis surealisme.
Kata kunci: Kesenian Rengganis, model penciptaan Alma Hawkins, seni lukis surealisme
Rengganis Art as Inspiration for Surrealistic Paintings
Rengganis art is a performing art in the form of a play dance drama which is an acculturation of Javanese culture with foreign culture. This art is also called Praburoro art which comes from the words 'Prabu' which means king and 'Rara' means woman, so Praburoro means king of women. This art can be displayed in various forms, one of which is in the form of painting. In the study, it was found that the problem of Rengganis art is no longer known due to being reduced by other similar arts, namely Janger Art which is more popular today. The aim of the researcher in this study is to reintroduce the art of Rengganis in surrealistic paintings. Researchers started by conducting observa­tions, interviews, documentation and data processing. This study uses the Alma Hawkins creation method because it is relevant to the topic being promoted, namely performing arts as a source of inspiration for painting. The Alma Hawkins method includes three stages, namely exploration, improvisation and formation. The emphasis in this research lies in the type of work, namely painting. Painting is an activity to process a two-dimensional medium or the surface of a three-dimensional object to get a certain impression. It was found that the philosophy of Rengganis art could be conveyed through surrealism painting.
Keywords: Rengganis art, Alma Hawkins' creation model, surrealism painting
Pendampingan Pembelajaran Sistem Koordinat Bagi Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Kristen 03 Kalabahi Berbasis Kampus Mengajar Angkatan 4
Authors: Sing Mariam , Tang Melki Puling , Molina Jon
Published: April 2023

Program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Mengajar (MBKM) merupakan bagian kegiatan pembelajaran dan pengajaran di satuan pendidikan dasar/ pendidikan menegah  dari Program Merdeka yang diselenggarakan oleh Kemdikbud. Salah satu sekolah yang menjadi tempat penugasan Kampus Mengajar yaitu SMP Kristen 03 Kalabahi Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kabupaten Alor . Program Kampus Mengajar ini dilaksanakan selama 5 bulan yang dimulai tanggal 01 Agustus  sampai dengan  02  Desember 2022  yang bertujuan untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar dan mengembangkan diri melalui aktivitas di luar kelas. Kampus Mengajar bertujuan untuk membekali mahasiswa dengan beragam keahlian dan keterampilan dengan menjadi mitra guru dan sekolah dalam pengembangan model pembelajaran. Dalam hal ini pembelajaran system koordinat bagi siswa-siswi kelas VIII SMP Kristen 03 Kalabahi, dengan tujuan memberikan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan kreatif bagi siswa – siswi guna menunjukkan suasana kelas yang aktif , dengan mengarahkan siswa-siswi belajar mengetahui dan menguasai bahkan berani menunjukan letak atau posisi dari suatu titik pada Koordinat Kartesius. Mahasiswa Kampus Mengajar juga memiliki tanggung jawab dalam memperbaiki perilaku dan minat belajar siswa yang rendah, Hasil dari program Kampus Mengajar ini yaitu sebagai proses dalam menambah relasi, menambah pengalaman di luar dunia perkuliahan,mengembangkan wawasan, karakter dan soft skills mahasiswa.
Manajemen Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Budaya Sekolah
Authors: Shinta Candra Mey , Sobri Ahmad Yusuf , Nurabadi Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Character education is an effort to form a good personality in students, in supporting the implementation of strengthening good school cultural character education is the most important thing in shaping children's character. This study aims to describe in detail the application of management to strengthen character education through school culture at SD Plus Rahmat Kota Kediri. The method used in this research is to use a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation. The key informants in this study were the principal and supported by additional informants, namely the deputy principal, research and development foundations, field coordinators, and level coordinators. The data were then analyzed through the process of data collection, reduction, presentation and conclusions. The results showed that the management of strengthening character education through school culture had a significant impact in the form of increasing the character and academic and non-academic achievements of children at school.

Abstrak: Pendidikan karakter merupakan suatu upaya untuk membentuk kepribadian yang baik pada peserta didik, dalam menunjang pelaksanaan penguatan pendidikan karakter budaya sekolah yang baik merupakan hal terpenting dalam pembentukan karakter anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara rinci penerapan manajemen penguatan pendidikan karakter melalui budaya sekolah di SD Plus Rahmat Kota Kediri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Key informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah dan didukung informan tambahan yaitu wakil kepala sekolah, litbang yayasan, koordinator bidang, dan koordinator jenjang. Data kemudian dianalisis melalui proses pengumpulan data, reduksi, presentasi dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen penguatan pendidikan karakter melalui budaya sekolah memberikan dampak signifikan berupa peningkatan karakter dan prestasi akademik dan non akademik anak di sekolah.
Physicochemical properties and fatty acids content of Lard
Authors: Ibrahim Najwa Mohammed , Ali Mohammed Sulieman , Ali Elmugdad Ahmed
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties and fatty acids content of lard. The qualitative determination of fatty acids of using GC-MS analysis revealed that the higher concentrations of fatty acids 9- octadecenoic acid methyl ester Hexadecenoic acid, methyl stearate and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- with different concentrations. Many physical and chemical properties of lard were determined in the study including the density, viscosity, refractive index. Peroxide value, acid value, iodine value and saponification value. Also, we determine rancidity of lard.
Macroeconomic Indicators of Economic Growth using Panel Data: A Study from South Asian Countries
Authors: Shams Tanveer Muhammad Al , Ashraf Aysha
Published: April 2023

Economic development is a most imperative element in figuring out the well-being of the citizens in a country. The present study analyzes the effect of key macroeconomic indicators on the Economic development of South Asian countries. The study intends to scrutinize the long-run and short-run association between Economic development and several macroeconomic variables by using panel data analysis. During ultimate 10 years, a few South Asian countries (SA) had economic instability. The study is aimed to investigate the macroeconomic indicators of some selected SA countries’ economic growth. The static linear panel statistics model had been used for figuring out the consequences of unbiased macroeconomic variables on the gross domestic product (GDP) of SA member countries including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Nepal. While explained variable of examines is analysis is gross domestic product (quantity), the unbiased variables are current account balance general government gross debt, general government revenue, general government total expenditure, inflation (average consumer prices), population, the volume of exports of goods and services, volume of imports of goods and services. The analysis proposed is grounded on a panel data (cross-sectional time series data) approach. The data set of this exploration involves four SA members among 9 countries (cross-sectional units). The effects of 8 macroeconomic indicators on gross domestic product volume were examined. The paper also empirically analyzes the (negative impacts of the global financial crisis) on four SA countries’ economic growth during the 1980 – 2020 periods (time series). In this environment, the goods of macroeconomic parameters are anatomized using panel data series. The main findings of this model indicate that the level of population, general government revenue, inflation (average consumer prices), and volume of exports of goods and services, positively affects economic growth. The findings of this paper will be used for increasing the economic growth of south Asian countries.
Effect of Health Education through Community leaders on increased knowledge of Households Regarding malaria control, treatment and prevention in intervention and control villages of New Halfa Locality-Kassala State (2017-2020)
Authors: Abdelseed Fazaa Abdallah , Alhadi Magda , Abdalmajed M.A , Mohammed Bakri Yousif
Published: April 2023

Malaria vector control in Sudan has a long history. The primary vector control interventions are IRS in targeted areas with irrigation schemes, use of LLINs, LSM, and space spraying during an emergency. The present study aimed to assess the effect of Health Education through Community leaders on increased knowledge of Households Regarding malaria control, treatment and prevention in intervention and control villages of New Halfa Locality-Kassala State (2017-2020). Randomized community trials (Controlled intervention study) in New Halfa locality among two communities were randomly assigned to the intervention group which receive health education messages regarding the use of LLINs and control group where there is no health education. A standard Questionnaire was used to collect data from the head of household at each village. The information collected should include the owner and  using LLINs, distributed to household. The observation the conditions of LLINs. This Questionnaire was done with committee for integrated vector management - Federal Ministry of Health and WHO. There were association between education level and overall mean knowledge of respondents about mosquito breeding sites, malaria control, uncomplicated malaria symptoms, severe malaria symptoms, and uncomplicated malaria treatment, severe malaria treatment, and fever treatment, p < 0.05. However, the overall mean knowledge was significantly more significant among those who have University education were compared to other level of education, p< 0.05. An increase knowledge scores was observed when pre- and post-test scores on malaria prevention and control were compared. Health education packages.i.e., mass media messages during Bed nets campaigns and the role of community leaders on malaria, was found to have improved knowledge of malaria prevention and control among the studied community.
Assessment of Primary Healthcare Facilities Coverage in Rural Population of Sharg-Elnil Locality - Khartoum State from 2018 to 2020.
Authors: Abdalla H.A. , Abdalla M.A. , Abdalmajed M.A.
Published: April 2023

Background: Sudan’s health system is based on the district health system approach, which emphasizes the principles of Primary HealthCare (PHC). Nevertheless, the decentralization of the public sector   resulted in more deterioration of the PHC system particularly in rural and peripheral areas due to lack of financial resources and managerial capacities.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the primary Healthcare facilities coverage for rural population in Sharg Elnil locality from 2018 to 2020. The study was conducted in the rural areas of Sharg Elnil locality.

Materials and methods: Analytical, prospective Facility based study. A number of (37) Health facility was selected for the study. The study was conducted by using questionnaires. Data was computed and analyzed using SPSS program version 25.0. Descriptive and inferential statistic was used.

Results: The majority of health facilities were compliance with classification of ministry of health   standards (94.6%). The number of villages that health facility covered in rural hospital was (10.3±1.4), (4.9±.5) health centers and (3.9±.6) in dispensaries. The vast majority of health facilities 83.8% have a mean of transportation to access health facility. Nearly half of the health facilities were distance less than 2 km of health area 48.6%. The vast majority of health facilities 83.8% have a mean of  transportation to access health facility. The majority of health services available in health facilities were vaccination service (100%), nutrition services (94.6%), reproductive health services (70.3%), health education services (64.9% ), disease surveillance system (64.9%), Essential, Community mobilization service (51.4%) while the health services available by less than 50% were drugs list in the health facility (45.9%), Health insurance coverage (27%) Free drugs for children less than 5 yrs (16.2%), the lab   services (21.6%), referred system 24.3%, ambulance services 24.3%, blood bank services (13.5%),  dentist services 5.4%, x-rays services 8.1% and other services 2.7%. Only 10.8% of the existence  equipment in health facilities was adequate. The most basic problems and challenges found in health facilities were unsuitability of work environment 51.4%, deficit in medical devices 35.1%, deployment of contractors and health promoters 32.4%, no ambulance during summer days where scorpion and snake bites is more 32.4%, no treatment available during rainy season days 29.7%, un-continuity of electricity and water 21.6%, no health insurance 16.2% and building maintenance 5.4%.

Conclusion: The results show that, although the average PHC performance is almost appropriate and some of the surveyed health facilities have very high performances, some low-income and deprived   areas experience substantial challenges. It is recommended that PHC plans should be formulated across the country and then implemented according to the local health needs and priorities.
Assessment of Personal Hygiene Practices among Primary School Pupils in Umbada locality, Khartoum state, Sudan (2018-2020)
Authors: Essa Mariam Saeed Ibrahim , Yousif Magda Elhadi Ahmed , Abdalmagid M.A.
Published: April 2023

Background: Personal hygiene is the behaviors that must be practiced in daily life, starting from morning to sleep time to protect our health.

Objectives: The current study aimed to assess personal hygiene practices among Primary School Pupils in Umbada Locality, Khartoum state, Sudan (2018-2020).

Materials and methods: An observational interventional study was conducted where a pre- and post-assessment was done. Pre-test and post-test intervention was used to determine the practices of hygiene among primary school Pupils in some selected schools of Umbada locality al emir unit. The targeted population was primary school Pupils in Government schools only. The study populations were the pupils in the Primary public schools by a total number of 37850 Pupils (grade 5, grade 6 and grade7) distributed among 180 public primary schools in the locality. The sample size were consist of (800) pupils during the period of the study. A pre- and post- questionnaire was carefully prepared, tested and directed to the pupils. It covers pupil’s age, sex, and the classroom; source of water supply and latrine in the house there, and to obtain data regarding knowledge, attitude, and practices (as regards personal hygiene in both pre and post intervention phases.  Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Computer Program Version (19.0). 

Results: The study revealed that the overall practice of pupils, about personal hygiene was increased from 39% to 61% after intervention of health education sessions. 

Conclusion: Health education has significant role in promoting the practice of school pupils regarding personal hygiene. Moreover, motivational approaches and programs to encourage children about their primacy personal hygiene should be adopted and implemented.
A Descriptive Analysis of Children’s Nutritional Status and its Associated Factors in Bangladesh: Insights from Demographic and Health Survey Data
Authors: Hossain S.M. Ashraf
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to close the gaps in presenting and exploring the nutritional trends and status of children in Bangladesh since there are only a few studies that can be found on the subject matter. For this, secondary data from the 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) were used. Analyses were conducted using tabular and graphical analysis. This study has found that all of the significant indicators of children’s nutritional status such as stunting, wasting, underweight and mortality status in Bangladesh have improved during the last few decades though the pace of this improvement in case of wasting is somewhat slow. The study has also found variations in children’s nutritional status when the factors, such as children’s age, gender, residential location, mother’s education level, and household wealth are considered. Regarding childcare practices, there are massive improvements in terms of vaccinations compilation, ORS treatment of children with Diarrhea but the improvement in terms of feeding practices is slightly slower than satisfactory. Therefore, this study suggests that the government and non-government agencies should take proper measures to increase the pace of improvement in children’s nutritional status in Bangladesh.
Buddhism and Law
Authors: Singh Sandip K.
Published: April 2023

The whole message of Buddhism is to urge upon us that we have been born to die in the past but we need not be born to die in future. There is a hope in the thought that some of the ideologies contending for supremacy today also do not think that ideological disputes cannot be settled by war. It has become clear that physiological and biochemical studies alone cannot give us comprehensive account of nature and potentialities of man. We need a new philosophy of man based on his achievements in all cultural, traditions which can form a subject of further exploration and experimental study. Laws are meant for men and extent to which the tools of law can be utilized or dispensed with depends on what man really is and what he can make of himself.
The Fruitfulness of Article 34(6) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples` Rights on the Establishment of an ACHPR and its Bitter Pill to State Parties
Authors: Boka Melkisedeck Lyamuya
Published: April 2023

In this paper a reader will be equipped with the background of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights “ACHPR”, the relationship between ACHPR and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the deposition of Special Declaration by state parties granting direct access her nationals to the ACHPR and its effect thereto, the comparative analysis ACHPR and its sisters Courts, and the way forward.
Una Propuesta Metodológica Para Una Aproximación A Las Historias De Vida De Los Artistas
Authors: Sánchez Ilvar Josué Carantón
Published: April 2023

Lo que hace que una biografía merezca ser leída y escrita son los accidentes. La intersección de historias causales cruzadas que producen eventos no predecibles

Arthur Danto

Contar una biografía o una historia de vida se dificulta, en especial, si lo que se busca es trascender más allá del hecho cronológico o de la simple trascripción de información y de datos. Justificar una actitud diferente o una propuesta contraria a la tradicional de asumir dicha tarea, genera la necesidad de buscar referentes escritos que permitan darle peso conceptual y teórico a la propuesta, hecho que a su vez nos ubica en las antípodas de los trabajos biográficos en la historia del arte.
Comparison of nomenclature and classification systems of sport injuries in elected countries with Iran
Authors: Safdari R , Reisalsadat A , Kordi R , Majidi B
Published: April 2023

Today, sport injuries form considerable part of social events. Prevention and management of sport injuries necessitate the existence of a comprehensive system for recording and classification of data. The object of this research was study of specialized sport injuries classification system for modeling of national sport injury classification system. Methods: This descriptive-comparative study conducted in 2012 .The sport injuries classification systems in USA ,Canada, Australia and Iran were studied .Method for data gathering was checklist that completed with valid library and internet sources .Then, data analysis performed with comparative tables. Results: Results showed that developed countries were acted to existence of national sport injuries classification system. It adapted with international classification system of diseases and international classification of external causes of injuries .Iran lacks national sport injuries classification system. Conclusion: Designing and using of sport injuries national classification system will have important role in prevention and releasing of sport injuries in Iran. Designing of national sport injuries classification system using of developed countries experiences recommends.
Anima Est
Authors: Pinheiro Marcia R.
Published: April 2023

Our investigative question is what part of the human psyche is active when we are sleeping. We use the single-counter-example method, extracted from Classical Logic, to prove that it could not be the case that one of our existing models for the human psyche could explain the human sleep. The models of the human psyche that we consider are the Freudian, the Jungian, and our own (Pinheiro, 2014a). By proving that no known part could be active whilst we sleep, and we prove all by presenting known facts, we reach the conclusion that we need a new model of psyche to account for the entire complexity of our beings. We associate sleep with dreams. Upon discussing the human dreams in more details, we end up applying the principles of the inference to the best explanation to explain the human dreams by means of references to the spiritual world. That makes us think about how the spiritists would describe our psyche, and we then present a new model. The new model is obviously a fruit of speculation. This time, the model involves all Freudian elements, our extensional elements, body, and soul. We use the synthetic method to construct our new model. Since our sleep time is so important, to the point of obliging us to build a new model for the human psyche, we worry about protecting it. We then use studies on the impact of noise on humans to talk about how bad the consequences of having a person speaking to us during sleep are. This trivially extends to people that are in hypnotic state. We try to make a case against hypnosis and interference with the sleep of human beings by referring to health, spiritual, and world consequences. Our main result is then a new model for the human psyche, and this time a model that has to do with what is beyond what has already been formally acknowledged by us. A secondary result is that we should not allow people to hypnotize others or to speak to them as they sleep. Our conclusions are that there is definitely something beyond our rationality that happens during our sleep time and this something has not been identified by Freud, Jung or us this far. Besides, that we should not allow people to hypnotize others or speak to them as they sleep.
Computational Approach to Investigation of Crack Behaviour under Vehicular Loading of A Typical Concrete Pavement (A Case Study of Mbagathi Road in Nairobi)
Authors: Mwaura Njiru Joseph , Mumenya Siphila Wanjiku
Published: April 2023

Nairobi County has nearly 100% road network as bituminous roads and only 4km road network (Mbagathi Road) is concrete road. This road was a pilot project that was implemented by Kenyan Government between the years 2005 and 2007 at a total construction cost of over 400 million Kenya Shillings. The design was done based on South Africa design procedure on a 210 mm thick PJCP pavement. Performance of Plain Jointed Concrete Pavement (PJCP) depends on aggregate interlock, which is the mechanism by which loads are transferred from one slab to the adjacent one. This study attempted to use the information on load transfer mechanics in order to quantify the effect of aggregate properties to crack size as well as the propagation of any cracks formed in service. This research was undertaken in two different ways namely experimental and computer simulation. The experimental approach entailed measuring widths and depths of cracks existing in Mbagathi road, and also involved setting up concrete beams in the laboratory and loading them to failure with predetermined loads and measuring sizes of resulting cracks. On the other hand, the computational approach was verified by experimental results entailed simulating crack widths and depths with recent devised fracture models. Cracks were experimentally noticed to occur due to loading the pavement with vehicular loads bigger than safe load. Cracks generated had crack width equivalent to the measured flexural deflection and for an ideal concrete pavement crack width and crack depth exhibited an exponential relationship. It was found that vehicular loads induce stresses in concrete pavements which exceed permissible tensile stresses, hence a better understanding of the resultant cracks, as well as their propagation. This research will lead to an improvement of the design of concrete pavements in Kenyan environment.
Effects of Rice Importation on the Pricing of Domestic Rice in Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Tanko Mohammed , Amikuzuno Joseph
Published: April 2023

The research assessed the effects imported rice prices against domestic rice prices in Northern region of Ghana. Data from the Ministry of Food and Agricultural was used for the analysis to know the price transmission between the two prices. Johansen (1991) method of cointegration was used to test the long run co-movement of prices of imported and domestic rice prices in eight selected districts markets. Granger causality and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) were used to detect the price leadership direction and the extent of prices response to the re-establishment of long run equilibrium when there is distortion in the market respectively. The results reflect a strong long run relationship between prices of imported rice and prices of domestic rice in the same districts markets. Also, the causality results indicate no price leadership except some few cases. Analysis from the VECM shows bilateral responses, thus, domestic rice prices in the various districts markets respond to price shock when there is disequilibrium in the long run as well as the reverse. Based on the findings, there is the need to implement appropriate government policies that will ensure fair ground for domestic rice sellers to compete with sellers of imported commodity of the same kind.
Insurance Penetration and Growth in Zambia: Case of Lusaka Province
Authors: Mulenga Ornam
Published: April 2023

The Insurance industry has also been steadily growing from 1971 when the industry became a monopoly under the Zambia State Insurance Corporation following the 1968 Economic Nationalization Reforms. Therefore, between 1971 and 1991 Zambia only had one insurance company and broker. Following the liberalization of the economy in 1992 the numbers have significantly increased with 27 insurance companies and 49 brokers at the end of July 31st 2014. The industry also now has two local reinsurance companies, 279 agents and a number of other players. However, the insurance penetration and growth has not been significant as expected. The research will bring out issues and factors surrounding the penetration and growth of insurance Industry in Zambia. The research aims to answer the following questions; why the insurance Industry penetration in Zambia is still low, still at 0.6% for non-life insurance and 0.3% life insurance? What are the barriers to insurance penetration and growth? What measures should be taken by players in the insurance industry to accelerate penetration and growth? What would be the opportunities and benefits for the fast growing insurance industry in Zambia? The objectives of the research were to examine why the penetration and growth of insurance industry is still low and slow.What policy measures can be taken to reverse this trend?
Equality of Opportunities and Quota System in the Government Services of Bangladesh: A Rights-based Analysis
Authors: Azam Mridha Mehedi
Published: April 2023

The research is analyzing the effectiveness of existing Quota System in Public Service of Bangladesh to ensure Equality of Opportunity. I have divided my whole Research Monograph into five Chapters. In the very first Chapter, I have introduced the aims and objectives, scope, limitation and the methodology of the study. Then I have tried to reveal The Quota System in Bangladesh through discussing the evolution of Quota System and present status, implementing process and effect of the quota system. Then a brief idea has given about Equality of Opportunity and ‘Rights-based Model’ in the following chapters by mentioning their nature and effect on society, necessity and obligation of implementing the principles arising out of this concept. Then I have tried to examine the existing Quota System in Government Services of Bangladesh whether it is compatible with the principles of‘ Rights-based Model’ and capable of ensuring Equality of Opportunity. Finally, there are some recommendations to ensure equality of opportunity in Public Service through amending existing quota System.
LC–MS/MS Method for Quantitation of Hydrochlorothia-zide and Nifedipine in Human Plasma
Authors: Ongas Martin O. , Kokwaro Gilbert , Oloo Florence , Kirimi Caroline K. , Mkonje Amina , Otieno Fredrick , Muasya Christine , Omollo Raymond , Siddondo Bethseba , Midamba Brian , Cole Andrew O. , Ogola Elijah S. N. , Aman Rashid , Ogutu Bernhards
Published: April 2023

We have developed and validated a novel, sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase  high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and nifedipine (NFP) from only 200 µL of human plasma. Diazepam (DZP) was used as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction  procedure with ethyl acetate-dichloromethane and separated on a reversed-phase Polaris 5 C18 Aanalytical column using a mobile phase composed of methanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and 5mM aqueous ammonium formate pH 6.0, delivered at a flow-rate of 300µL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed in the negative ion mode using the transition m/z296.1→m/z205.2 (HCTZ), positive ion mode transitions m/z347.2→m/z 315.1 (NFP) and m/z285.0→m/z 193.2 (DZP) to quantify the drugs. Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear (r2 ≥ 0.9953) from 5–2000 ng/mL for HCTZ and 5 – 400 ng/mL for NFP with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 5 ng/mL for both drugs. The intra- and inter- assay precisions (coefficient of variation) were less than 9% and the mean extraction recoveries were 98.1% (HCTZ), 99.5% (NFP) and 93.8% for the IS (DZP). The validated method was successfully applied to a limited population pharmacokinetics study of HCTZ and NFP among patients on hypertension care.
Essays on Customer Loyalty Framework Case: Infant Formula Product Brand Recommenders
Authors: Ing-udomnoogoon Kitcha
Published: April 2023

This thesis was conducted during the author's first year of a three-year PhD program at the IICSE University, USA. The thesis had its focus on exploring impacting factors and behaviors of product brand recommenders in relation to customer loyalty, which is an unexplored field of research in Thailand. Most research studies in Thailand focus on brand loyalty of end-customers, none has explored loyalty behaviors of product brand recommenders or product brand endorsers. Product brand recommenders/endorsers are those who recommend or endorse specific product brand(s) to potential end users and/or customers. Product brand recommenders might or might not be direct product brand users by nature.

Quantitative research methods were mainly used in this dissertation research. A case study of customer loyalty behaviors of infant formula brand recommenders was explored in detail. Primary survey pen-and-paper based questionnaire and the interviews were the major information sources of the empirical data for the research, complemented with secondary data sources where relevant. The theoretical framework aims to find knowledge for compiling the main elements of customer loyalty behaviors of product brand recommenders in this thesis. The results of the thesis were customer loyalty model developed for brand recommenders of any product.
Crucial Factors for the Implementation of Activity-Based Costing System: A Comprehensive Study of Bangladesh
Authors: Babu Md. Abdullah , Masum Mofijul Hoq
Published: April 2023

Activity-Based Costing (ABC) System has played a dominant role in the manufacturing process since its adoption. It became a vital element for the efficient and effective recording of direct costs as well as indirect costs in the developed countries. The developed countries get competitive advantages by using the ABC system. Unfortunately, the application of ABC is rare. However, in recent years, a few cases have been found where the system was implemented but that represents only slightly above 1 % in comparison with the total industries. Hence, through this paper, it has been attempted to find out the crucial reasons behind the few application of ABC and to provide practical suggestions as to how to overcome these in the developing countries especially in Bangladesh.
Indonesian Notary and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963: the Issues and Challenges
Authors: Hartoyo Bambang , Noor Fauziah Mohd.
Published: April 2023

One of the main authorities of notary public is to make or issue authentic notarial deed for anyone or any party who needs it. While in Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963 it is stipulated that the consular functions, inter alia, is acting as a notary. This provision universally applies to any country’s representative (embassy or consulate) overseas, particularly to it’s consular department.  Meanwhile, Indonesia has ratified the Convention into the Law No. 1 of 1982. However, Indonesian representatives (c.q. consular department of the Embassy or Consulate)  so far are not authorized to make authentic notarial deed as performed by notary public in Indonesia. This situation leads to some problems for certain Indonesian citizen or corporate who is residing abroad and need an authentic notarial deed from Indonesian Embassy or Consulate. The Indonesian citizen or corporate overseas who needs an authentic notarial deed, they must go to a notary public in Indonesia, which takes time and costly. This study is conducted based on the observation on some Indonesian representatives overseas, as well as on notary offices of Indonesia. Literatures and scientific studies from Indonesia and overseas, as well as interviews with high-rank officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, and diplomats from Indonesian representatives abroad are also used and conducted to fulfill the objective comprehensiveness of this study.  To overcome the problem, therefore, this article provides some suggestions that Indonesian government would authorize Indonesian representative (c.q consular department of the Embassy or Consulate) abroad to make or issue authentic notarial deed. This is in order to serve any Indonesian citizen or anyone overseas who needs the notarial service from the Indonesian representative abroad as mandated by Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963.
A Review on Capital Structure Differences in Bangladeshi Firms and its Impact on their Financial Performance
Authors: Borman Tanmay
Published: April 2023

The question of what should be the appropriate proportion of equity and debt capital for a firm to maximize its shareholders wealth and firm value has a long debate since there is no single optimum formula for that. This paper with the intends to provide a theoretical aspect of the chronological development of prominent capital structure theories over years along with an empirical aspect to evaluate the popular approaches of capital structure practices among financial managers in Bangladesh and to see whether there exist any significant differences in the impact of those approaches in the financial performances of those firms. The more careful choices of capital structure components with more sophisticated situation and combinations by the financial managers and considering the modern complex investment decision making influenced by psychological and/or cognitive biases of the investors and stakeholders are the policy implication of this paper.
Assessment of Radiation Hazard on Public Health at Indoor and Outdoor Environment of DMCH Campus, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mim Fabiha Shafi , Rahman M. S. , Tareq Shafi M , Yeasmin S.
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) of public in & around the Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) campus based on the real-time radiation monitoring data.

Method: A real-time digital portable radiation monitoring device (GAMMA SCOUT) along with a Garmin eTrex Global Positioning System (GPS) device was used for radiation monitoring and location identification respectively. ArcGIS® software (Version 2.3) was used for mapping of the locations.

Result: The measured dose rate in the indoor environment ranged from 0.05-71.21 µSv/hr with an average of 12.709 ± 0.624 µSv/hr and in the outdoor environment ranged from 0.02-0.58 µSv/hr with an average of 0.174 ± 0.038 µSv/hr of the DMCH campus. The annual effective dose in the indoor environment ranged from 84.552- 93.52 mSv with an average of 89.064 ± 47.730 mSv and in the outdoor environment, the value ranged from 0.21-0.43 mSv with an average of 0.306 ± 0.105 mSv. ELCR from indoor gamma radiation ranged from 333×10-3 - 368 ×10-3 with an average of 3×10-1 and in the outdoor, it ranged from 8.377×10-4 -1.829×10-3 with an average value of 1×10-3 for 32 selected locations in & around DMCH campus.

Conclusion: This type of study is required to minimize the public health risk associated with  ionizing radiation. This study also helps for the protection of the environment and the public from unnecessary radiation hazard arising from DMCH.
Socio- Economical Conditions of Aged Widow in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Monija
Published: April 2023

This paper scrutinized the economic, social, and affecting support systems of aged widows of sixty years who live in the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It aims to locate the socio-economic conditions, resources, and impact on aged widows. In the People's Republic of Bangladesh, there's a scarcity of a comprehensive formal arranged for aged widows. Usually, social and economic supports for aged widows come back from their sons, daughters, neighbors, and society members. The largest part of aged widows doesn’t have regular financial support. Insufficient economic aid comes from the govt. within the shape of the widow and aged allowance. Study findings point out that aged widows can coexist in the family but they cannot make family decisions. Besides, in most of cases they don’t get any facilities like respect and medical facilities. This can be causative to the inflated risk for aged widows who are depending on the support of their families. This study reports on a field survey during which one hundred aged widows of sixty years and over were interviewed and analyzed by the exploitation of excel.
Women Empowerment in Rangamati- an Empirical Study on Chakma and Marma Community
Authors: Akhter Suchana , Sultana Farha , Bhuiyan Riadur Rahman
Published: April 2023

This study aims to presents a brief description of the Women Empowerment in Rangamati. On the basis of data collected through a field survey as well as from the secondary sources. This study examines whether the presence of women in the income generating activities of a community is a means of empowerment. The survey covered a random sample of 100 households from both the two communities: Chakma and Marma. The findings show that the Chakma and Marma women are seemingly empowered socially and economically through their involvement in various sectors from very earlier. But they are not recognized properly due to our social system and at the same time in comparison to Marma, Chakma women are in better position both socially and  economically. So, policy should take by the government to patronize these women so that they can get proper education, training, financing for business and policies for overall upbringing the social positions.
Real-time Radiation Monitoring and Assessment of Radiation Risk on Public around BSMMU Hospital Campus, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Tareque Abdullah , Das Suranjan Kumar , Rahman Mohammad Sohelur , Yeasmin Selina
Published: April 2023

Objective: Ionizing radiation is extensively used in the hospital for diagnosis and treatment procedures to patients and its usage increasing day by day with the socio-economic development of the country. The aim of the study is to monitor the real-time radiation around the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) hospital campus and estimation of the radiation risk on public.

Method: The real-time radiation monitoring around the BSMMU hospital campus was performed using digital portable radiation monitoring device (DPRMD). The DPRMD meets all European CE standards and the American “FCC 15 standard”. The DPRMD was placed at 1 meter above the ground on tripod and data taking time for each monitoring point (MP) was 1 hour. Each MP was identified using Garmin eTrex GPS device. 32 MPs were selected for taking the real-time radiation dose rates around the BSMMU hospital campus from August-September 2019.

Results: The real-time radiation dose rates around the BSMMU hospital campus were ranged from 0.020-2.45 µSv/hr with an average of 0.211 ± 0.094 µSv/hr. The annual effective dose on public were ranged from 0.222 ± 0.052 mSv to 1.247 ± 0.071 mSv with an average of 0.368 ± 0.097 mSv. The excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) on public was estimated based on the annual effective dose that ranged from 0.881×10-3 to 5.12×10-3 with an average value of 1.488×10-3 around the BSMMU hospital campus, which means that in every thousand people, one person is at the risk of developing cancer caused by the scattered radiation exposure from the hospital.

Conclusion: Real-time radiation monitoring makes possible to ensure the protection the radiation worker and the public from unnecessary radiation hazard. The study also provides the instantaneous information of inappropriate operation of radiation generating equipments and improper handling of radioactive substances in the hospital.
Women’s Experience of Vulnerability in Flood in the context of Northern Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Masud Marjina , Chowdhury Md. Mahabub , Kamal Farhana
Published: April 2023

Flood is one of the most common and devastating disasters in the northern region of Bangladesh. The objective of this research is to investigate how and to what extent flood has been affecting people’s livelihood and how men and women are taking steps to mitigate the impact and cope up with the situation.  The research work was conducted based on a qualitative point of view and the lens of feminist research methodology. This study has revealed that flood-induced vulnerability affects men and women differently. Women experience the severity of the flood and household food insecurity much more than men as women are responsible for maintaining the household, taking care of everyone, and playing the role of buffer and absorber the impact. To mitigate the impact and cope up with the devastating effects of floods, men and women employ different strategies. While men go to nearer or far towns or cities for alternative livelihoods, women remain within the household and try to mitigate the impact. This study is conducted through qualitative research techniques such as semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, case study, and conversational exchange method and aims at contributing to a broader understanding of women’s experience of flood-induced vulnerability in the context of the northern region of Bangladesh.
Influences of Vitamin D and B12 in Infectious Diseases and Microbes: A Technical Review
Authors: Grimm Jase
Published: April 2023

A diet rich in vitamin D. Bacteria, antibiotics, and metabolism Vitamin D deficiency viral microbiomes Gut Microbiome and Vitamin D. B vitamin deficiency results from malabsorption. SIF complex indirectly enhances B12 absorption. This complex gives the ileum vitamin B12. Anti-infective properties of B12 and D. B12 and D seem to slow Lachnospiraceae growth. P-cresol, butyrate, propionate Lachnospira is linked to low B12 and D levels. Debatable value. Processed foods do. B12 and D stop Blautia growth. IBD B12 deficiency IBD vitamin D Lactobacillus was infrequent, whereas E. coli was common. This present study revealed that IPA, an antioxidant, has been associated with diabetes and Alzheimer's. IPA beats melatonin. It doesn't appear to stop Alzheimer's or diabetes. Flavonoids and neuroprotective viruses D and B12 metabolism may involve Blautia. Deficiency of B12 and D in Crohn's. It reduced butyrate production. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and immunological maturation may be cured by these nutrients.
Sabah State Election 2020: Victory of Alias Haji Sani (WARISAN) at DUN 53 Sekong
Authors: Salleh Hamdan bin Mohd , Idris Rashidin , Latif Mohd Naqib Lutfi bin Abdul
Published: April 2023

The Sabah state assembly was dissolved on 30 July 2020 by the Chief Minister Shafie Apdal to prevent a coup by the previous Chief Minister Musa Aman through his “Group 33”.  The 2020 Sabah State election was held on 26 September 2020 involved a record total of 447 candidates vying for 73 state seats. The main contest was between the WARISAN-PLUS of 5 political parties and a group of 9 political parties under the coalition of the newly minted Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS). GRS managed to wrest the state government by comfortably winning 38 out of 73 seats with additional 3 seat came from pro-GRS independent candidates. Nevertheless, WARISAN managed to retain N53 Sekong even as the incumbent have been dropped after 26 months at the helm. This article studied on issues surrounding the victory of Alias Haji Sani during the election.  The findings of this articles uses primary data, secondary data, online sources dan participative observation findings. The victory of Alias Haji Sani shows that the influence of people-centric and “Gentlemen Politics Budiman” identification is stronger than political affiliation.