bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analyses of copper in fine and solid particles of snow and hair in the population of Gorno-Altaysk
Authors: Chanchaeva Elena A. , Lapin Vitalii S. , Yzhikova Karina M.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: The significance of copper (Cu) in the human body and its toxicological effects in elevated concentrations have now been fully established, although the presence of Cu in the environment and in the body of different populations across different regions warrants further research.
AIM: To identify the level of Cu accumulation in the fine and solid phases of snow and hair of the population of Gorno-Altaysk.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The concentration of Cu in snow water, the solid phase of snow, and hair in the population of Gorno-Altaysk was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Snow samples were collected from the areas of 10 coal-fired boiler houses, and hair samples were collected from 122 people aged 450 years.
RESULTS: The Cu content in melted water from all snow intakes in the areas of coal-fired boilers (0.0190.049 mg/L) did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC 0.1 mg/L). In 3 (56.4067.20 mg/kg) of the 10 samples in the solid phase of snow (19.3767.42 mg/kg), an excess of MPC (55.0 mg/kg) was detected. The Cu content in the hair of the subjects did not depend on gender (U=1741; p=0.580); in a population aged 421 years, the concentration of Cu decreased with age (U=29; p=0.05). The concentration of Cu in the hair of the residents of Gorno-Altaysk, when compared with other regions of the world, corresponded to low values (10.0 mg/kg), low concentrations (7.5 mg/kg, 31.9%) were more common among the population than high concentrations (25.0 mg/kg, 5.7%). No correlation was noted between the concentration of Cu in the hair of the population and that in snow water and the solid phase of snow.
CONCLUSION: The Cu content in the fine-dispersed phases of snow collected from across areas of coal-fired boilers did not pose any danger to the people, whereas, in the solid phases, increased concentrations were recorded. The hair of the population more often contained a low content of Cu (31.9%) than a high content (5.7%).
U.S. Citizenship Supremacy
Authors: Sethi Simran Kaur , Lever Katie , Hextrum Kirsten
Published: August 2022

On July 1, 2021, most NCAA student-athletes could finally monetize their names, images, and likenesses (NIL). Although the change was both welcome and historic, international college athletes (ICAs) could not. This commentary situates NIL within the broader context of U.S. nationalism, anti-immigrant sentiment, and college sports. We find that U.S. immigration laws combined with NCAA amateur policies prevent ICAs from monetizing their NIL. We conclude with reform suggestions at the legal, policy, and practice levels that will benefit all international students and immigrant workers.
Effect of internal corporate social responsibility activities on tourism and hospitality employees’ normative commitment during COVID-19
Authors:   Hail University, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Abdelazimahmed Tarek , Kassemo Ayman ,   Hail University, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Alajloni Abdallah ,   Hail University, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Alomran Abdullah ,   Hail University, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ragab Ahmed ,   Minia University, El Minya, Egypt, Shaker Eman ,   The High Institute of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria, Egypt
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research is to explore the extent to which internal corporate social responsibility activities affect employees’ normative organizational commitment during the COVID-19 crisis and to survey the role of the administrative level as a moderator between the two of them. A survey in the form of a self-completed questionnaire was conducted on a sample of employees in hospitality and tourism establishments in Hail city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 213 employees voluntarily participated in the current study. Their responses were examined by using linear regression and exploratory factor analyses. The findings revealed that internal corporate social responsibility is a positive predictor of normative organizational commitment. The total effect of internal corporate social responsibility on normative organizational commitment could not be enhanced through the moderation of the administrative position. This study has important implications for both academics and professionals. Theoretical and managerial implications, contributions, limitations, and future study objectives were reviewed in light of the findings.
Guerrilla marketing on Facebook: A mixed-method study on the effects on brand image and content sharing intentions
Authors:   University of Porto, Portugal, Barbosa Belem , Rocha Anabela ,   University of Aveiro, Portugal, Pina Leandro ,   University of Aveiro, Portugal
Published: August 2022

Guerrilla marketing suggests using creative and unexpected messages and channels to stand out in the marketing communication crowd. Despite practitioners' growing interest in the topic, the contributions in the literature are still scarce. This study aims to explore the impacts of guerrilla marketing campaigns on Facebook on brand image and content sharing intentions. Mixed-method research was adopted. The first phase was more exploratory and used focus groups to analyze consumers' perceptions and responses to guerrilla marketing campaigns. It was followed by a quantitative study of 256 Portuguese consumers that answered an online survey after being exposed to a guerrilla marketing campaign on Facebook. Results suggest that customer interaction with guerrilla marketing on Facebook depends on content's characteristics, namely the message appeal. While humour appeal enhances the relationship with customers by increasing the level of interaction, negative appeals (e.g., perceived as offensive) generate adverse reactions. This study also shows that frequent Facebook users are more predisposed to interact with guerrilla marketing content.
Determination of user experience on food business websites using neuromarketing techniques
Authors:   Afyon Kocatepe University, Türkiye, Babaç Erhan , Yüncü Hilmi Rafet ,   Anadolu University, Türkiye
Published: August 2022

The main purpose of this study is to determine the visual contents that should be used in food business websites by neuromarketing measurement. It is inevitable that the visual content planning to be made on a website will increase the experience performance of the users on that website. In this research, an experimental design was planned, and two websites were created from twenty-eight visual content items obtained from the literature. By creating the experimental procedure, an experimental area was prepared for eight subjects, and websites were shown to them. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking measurements were taken over the websites shown during the experiment. The results revealed that the experiment1 website using structured visual contents was more efficient on attention, higher concentration, and total fixation. The findings revealed that the anxiety level of the experiment2 website, which used unplanned visual contents, was more pronounced for the subjects. In light of the findings obtained in this study, professionals can create visual contents that they use on food business websites much more efficiently.
The Effects of Prenatal Stress on Cortical and Hippocampal Gene Expression Profiles of DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases in Female Rats
Authors: TURUNÇ Ezgi , UYANIKGİL Yiğit , YALÇIN Ayfer , KAYA-TEMİZ Tijen
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal stress (PS) on mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of female rats. PS was induced in rats with dexamethasone (Dex). From gestation day 14 to 21, pregnant rats were injected daily with Dex (100 μg/kg) or saline. After birth, at 3 months of age, female rats were decapitated (n=5). The effects of Dex on epigenetic mechanisms were investigated by real-time PCR through mRNA levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, HDAC1 and HDAC2. Statistical significant differences were determined with one-way analysis of variance. Prenatal Dex exposure caused significant increases in DNMT3a, HDAC1 and HDAC2 mRNA levels in cortex and hippocampus. We further found that DNMT3b mRNA levels significantly increased in hippocampus but decreased in cortex of Dex group. No significant differences were found in DNMT1 mRNA levels. It was concluded that PS may trigger dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms in cortex and hippocampus of female rats through alterations in gene expression profiles of DNMT3a, DNMT3b, HDAC1 and HDAC2.
Early outcome of total abdominoplasty in thirty cases
Authors: Ahmed Iqbal , Hossain M. Farouqe , Asaduzzaman M.
Published: August 2022

Background: Abdominoplasty, a popular cosmetic surgery, has improved in recent years. Kelly helped minimize abdominal fat and skin. Medical institutions are diagnosing and treating obesity at an increasing pace. The research aimed to examine early post-abdominoplasty outcomes.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out from July 2014 to April 2015. Patients admitted at the plastic surgery department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and different private hospitals in Dhaka with excess abdominal skin and abdominal wall laxity due to various reasons like previous pregnancy or massive weight reduction were the study population. A total of 30 cases that fulfilled the enrolment criteria were selected from the study population.Results: Most of the patients (26, 86.67%) were female, 76% of them were married. The mean age at the time of operation was 41.3 years. The overall complication rate was 40% with few major complication (4, 13.33%) and the maximum portion was minor (9, 30%). The most frequent was seroma (3, 10%), infection (2, 6.67%), hematoma (2, 6.67%), wound dehiscence (1, 3.33%), partial flap loss (2, 6.67%) and umbilical stenosis (1, 3.33%), epidermolysis (1, 3.33%), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (1, 3.33%). Patients’ satisfaction was scored as very good (19, 66.3%), good (9, 30%), satisfactory (2, 6%). No patient scored his satisfaction as poor or very poor.Conclusions: Abdominoplasty is safe and comfortable. Patients were happy with the treatment and had improved symptoms with little health hazards. There were mild problems, especially with wound healing. Minor difficulties were simply treated in an office.
Clinical study of the management of scrotal swelling in adult patients at a rural medical college and research hospital
Authors: S. Kailashnath B. , Mohan Ambikavathy , P. Akshatha A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Scrotal swellings are commonest clinical entities in surgical practice. Hydrocele is abnormal collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis or any part of the processus vaginalis, which needs to be differentiated from other conditions and surgically managed.  Methods: This prospective, observational study was carried out on 90 adult male patients between January 2021 to August 2021 diagnosed with scrotal swelling, admitted, treated at MVJMC and RH. Inclusion criteria were male patients of age >18 years. Exclusion criteria were patients with paediatric scrotal swellings. Routine blood investigations, COVID test and ultrasound of the scrotum was done. The patients underwent one of the standard surgical procedures and were observed for post-operative complications during their stay at the hospital and were followed up for 3 months. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS-21 software.Results: Collected data was analysed using SPSS-21. In our study hydrocele was seen in 48 (53.33%), epididymo-orchitis 5 (5.56%). 3 (3.33%) cases of varicocele, 2 (2.22%) cases of epididymal cyst and 1 (1.11%) each of sebaceous cyst, spermatocele, hematocele, sebaceous cyst, Fournier’s gangrene, infected encysted hydrocele, pyocele, scrotal abscess and filarial hydrocele. 2 (2.22%) testicular tumour and 21 (23.86%) testicular torsion. Of 90 patients 81 (90%) underwent surgery, while 9 (10%) patients were managed conservatively.Conclusions: Primary vaginal hydrocele was the commonest scrotal swelling. Ultrasound of the scrotum is diagnostic tool in differentiating from other swellings in the scrotum especially in testicular torsion when the testis can be saved. Jaboulay’s procedure was the commonest surgery performed with least complications.
Syringe needle-cap use as novel, static, uni-planar or bi-planar, mini-external fixator for treatment of intra-condylar phalangeal fractures
Authors: Pandey Vijay Kumar , Kaundal Rakesh
Published: August 2022

Background: Comminuted intra-articular phalanx fractures are complicated injuries often treated with external ﬁxation. Syringe needle- cap can be an excellent mini-external ﬁxators because they are radiolucent, readily available, inexpensive, simple, safe and easy to use. Our cases received a novel treatment in the form a syringe needle-cap/mini external fixator that was originally placed in static mode for 3 weeks and then later removed in OPD visit to a dynamic-mode of ROM to allow rehabilitation of the PIPJ/DIPJ. Our cases illustrates the power and utility of this ‘static’ uniplanar or biplanar stable technique to treat intra-condylar phalanx  fractures and achieved good functional recovery of finger.Methods: This was a prospective case study covering period from January 2021 to May 2022 at department of plastic surgery, Command Hospital, Chandimandir, Panchkula, Haryana, India. 10 young male patients were presented with intra-articular fractures of phalanx. All patients had undergone pre-operative and post procedure X-rays for evaluation. A static external ﬁxator consisting of a uniplanar or biplanar 2 ml syringe needle-cap and 0.8mm small size (3-4 cm) Kirschner wires as an optimal ﬁxator across the fractured joint. K-wires were removed in OPD visit after 3 weeks to dynamize the ROM of affected joint of finger post-operatively.Results: 10 male patients were studied with average age of 28 years. 06 of them are intra-condylar fractures at PIP joints and rest are intra-articular fractures. After 3 weeks, we removed this fixator device and started controlled physiotherapy. End results notified in our study were achievement of good functional recovery of finger ROM at 3 months follow up.Conclusions: Syringe needle-cap use as mini-external ﬁxation should be considered as a novel tool in the treatment of comminuted intra-articular phalangeal fracture.
Microbiological profile of bile culture and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in endo-biliary stented patients undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Dewangan Komal Prasad , Geddam Srinivasa Rao , Nayak Partha Sarathi
Published: August 2022

Background: The vast majority of common bile duct (CBD) stones was secondary, formed within the gall bladder (GB) and migrates down the cystic duct into CBD or rarely due to primary stones formed in CBD. Intra-operative bile culture prevents development of infectious complications and guide selection of future appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. Hence, this study focussed on investigation of microbiological profile of routine bile cultures in endo-biliary stenting patients undergoing cholecystectomy.Methods: In this study, 50 patients with CBD stone(s) were undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) followed by stenting and then cholecystectomy (either laparoscopically or open). GB extraction was done in a sterile bag and after opening sterile bag; bile was collected and sent for microbiological culture and sensitivity for analysis.Results: Most of the cases had cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis (38.0%) which were significantly higher than other diagnosis (Z=2.51; p<0.05) and there was no significant association found between surgical site infections and bile culture positivity of studied patients (Z=9.61; p<0.0001). Among 35 patients with positive bile cultures, E. coli in 26 patients followed by Klebsiella species in 5 patients were the most prevalent bacteria isolates and over all, colistin (91.4%) and tigecycline (91.4%) were found as sensitive antibiotics. Also, certain strains of multi drug resistance E. coli in 6 patients were resistant to gentamicin/amikacin only sensitive to tigecycline and colistin, which was high.Conclusions: Most prevalent isolates microorganism is gram negative bacteria that were mostly gut bacteria and the incidence of post ERCP infection is high and drug resistance among the causative organism is common.
A study of total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer-upfront and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation
Authors: Bijyal Sajan , Rajra Avinash , Chauhan Virta
Published: August 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The incidence of rectal carcinoma is increasing in developing countries. Challenge in preoperative evaluation remains to identify patients who might benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation (NACT/RT). The aim of this study was to study the correlation of final histopathology specimen (pathological tumor regression grade) with preoperative MRI (magnetic resonance tumor regression grade) (mrTRG).Method: This was a prospective observational analysis with operable rectal cancer of mid or distal rectum who underwent total mesorectal excision either upfront or following CT/RT. Preoperative MRI was done for local staging and also to assess response to neo-adjuvant CT/RT. Histo-pathological specimen was assessed for pathological tumor regression and correlation between mrTRG and pathological tumor regression grading (pTRG) analysed.Results: Out of 79 patients, 69 patients received NACRT and 10 patients underwent upfront surgery. On bivariate analysis mrTRG and pTRG corresponded in 47 patients whereas in 22 patients it didn’t correspond. There was a statistically significant agreement between mrTRG and pTRG (p=0.0491).Conclusions: mrTRG grading was identified as a reliable predictor of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and thus a predictor of completeness of resection. So, efforts should be routinely done to do a mrTRG grading as it not only provides oncological safety but also reduces post operative mortality.
Management of pancreatic trauma-a single center experience
Authors: Mathiyalagan Ashokkumar , Subbarayan Shankar , Rosemary Livin Jose Joseph , Kalyanashanmugam Sivakumar , Raju Prabhakaran , Chidambaranathan Sugumar , Lakshmanamoorthy Naganath Babu Obla
Published: August 2022

Background: Traumatic injury to the pancreas is rare and frequently overlooked. High index of suspicion is required in diagnosing pancreatic injury and management is challenging even with experienced trauma surgeons. The aim of this study was to report our experience in the management of pancreatic injuries.Methods: We analyzed 39 patients with pancreatic injury managed in our center from January 2016- December 2021. Data regarding patients’ demographics, mode of injury, American association for the surgery of trauma-organ injury scale (AAST-OIS) grade of pancreatic injury, associated injuries, management, morbidity and mortality were collected for analysis.Results: The study included 39 patients who presented with blunt injury abdomen (AAST-OIS grading: grade 2 (n=6), grade 3 (n=29), grade 4 (n=4)) with mean age 28.9 years. Associated injuries were present in 41% of patients (n=16). Thirteen patients had non-operative management-5 of them were managed conservatively without any intervention; 8 of them had non-surgical intervention in the form of Percutaneous Drainage or Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography with Pancreatic duct stent for peri-pancreatic collection or ductal injury. But the rate of readmission for recurrent pancreatitis and reintervention for peri-pancreatic collection was 46% and 38% respectively in these patients. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery-distal pancreato splenectomy, laparotomy and external drainage, Roux-en Y pancreaticojejunostomy.Conclusions: Management of high-grade pancreatic injuries needs technical expertise. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management in high-grade pancreatic injuries carries favorable outcomes. Delayed presentation with sepsis is associated with high mortality.
Study of efficacy of skin grafting in healing lower extremity ulcers in a rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: P. Akshatha A. , Mohan Ambikavathy , S. Kailashnath B.
Published: August 2022

Background: Ulcers are discontinuity of skin/mucous membrane. Chronic ulcers are caused by skin loss that takes long to heal. Skin grafting helps tissue regeneration, hastens healing process. Skin grafts are classified as Split-thickness skin grafts and full-thickness skin grafts. STSG consist of epidermis and some layers of dermis. FTSG consists of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.Methods: This retrospective and prospective study was conducted on 80 patients diagnosed with healing ulcers of the lower extremity admitted and treated at MVJMC and RH from January 2021-August 2021. Inclusion criteria were patients >18 years, both sexes. Exclusion criteria were patients who were having malignant/TB ulcers and children.Results: Data was analysed using SPSS-21. In our study, healing ulcers were seen in 80 patients, of which 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) females. 4 (5%) patients had venous ulcers, 5 (6.25%) varicose ulcers, 10 (12.5%)  post burn ulcers, 22 (27.5%) traumatic ulcers,  6 (7.5%) amputated stump and 33 (41.25%) diabetic foot ulcers. STSG 70 (87.5%) and FTSG 10 (12.5%). The uptake was 70-80% in 11 (13.75%), 80-90% in 20 (25%), 90-99% in 24 (30%) and 100% in 25 (31.25%). Complications observed 4 (5%) infections, 5 (6.25%) no graft uptake and 77 (88.75%) had no complications.Conclusions: Although FTSG can be offered in some cases, STGS is the gold standard in terms of efficacy for healing ulcers. Outcome of the graft depends not only on type of graft also on quality of recipient bed. Skin grafting improves the quality of life in reducing pain.
Laparoscopic femoral hernia repair: our experience: a case series with review of literature
Authors: Sangoi Chintan M. , Joshi Abhijit
Published: August 2022

Femoral hernia is one of the rare types of groin hernia. Though classical clinical examination findings for its accurate diagnosis are well documented, it very often gets mistaken for the much commoner inguinal hernia. Traditionally, it has been surgically repaired by open approach. However, the advent of laparoscopy has brought femoral hernia repair under its purview. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of femoral hernia in our series and outcomes of its laparoscopic repair. We retrospectively evaluated the prospectively collected data of all the 796 patients who had undergone laparoscopic repair for groin hernias, performed by a single surgeon at our institution, over 15 years (from 2007 to 2022). There were 7 patients of femoral hernia in our series. All were diagnosed ‘on table’, while operating purportedly for inguinal hernia. Three out of these seven patients had occult femoral hernia. Femoral hernia is a rare entity and is often not accurately diagnosed pre-operatively. Its laparoscopic management is feasible, effective, and safe.
Primary aorto enteric fistula as a cause of massive upper gastro-intestinal bleed-a very rare case presentation
Authors: Mudadla Rohith , Kamal Harshit , Purushothaman Govind , Satyanesan Jeswanth
Published: August 2022

Primary aortoenteric fistula (PAEF) is spontaneous development of communication between the native aorta and anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract. It is extremely rare and fatal condition which usually presents as a painless upper gastrointestinal bleed. This condition is often overlooked because of it's rarity and low index of suspicion by physicians despite the availability of a wide range of diagnostic tools. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the most common investigation done to diagnosis PAEF. This paper reports a case of 49 years old female with massive upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A PAEF was diagnosed by CTA which called for an emergency laparotomy with surgical repair of the fistula with a synthetic vascular bypass graft. The patient recovered well.
Incidental diagnosis and treatment of posterior urethral valve in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta: a case report
Authors: Onwuasoanya Uzodimma E. , Olatise Olalekan O. , Epundu Nonso O. , Igbokwe Martins C. , Ikeugwoke Odinaka I. , Adetunbi Adefola R. , Orji David O.
Published: August 2022

Posterior urethral valve is the commonest cause of both urinary tract obstruction and chronic renal disease in male children. The patients may present with the complications of the disease such as impaired renal function, urinary tract infection, or anaemia. Reports abound about the association of other congenital defects with posterior urethral valve but few studies have reported the association of this disease with osteogenesis imperfecta. An 8-year-old male on management for osteogenesis imperfecta who presented to our facility following renal function test in keeping with impaired renal function and imaging result in keeping with right renal agenesis and left renal parenchymal disease, these investigations were done as part of work up for surgical treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. Evaluation revealed posterior urethral valve and he had valvotomy with Mohan’s urethral valvotome with satisfactory improvement in urine stream and renal function after the procedure. Posterior urethral valve can also occur with osteogenesis imperfecta not commonly reported to occur with it. Diagnosis of posterior urethral valve should be ruled out in any male patient with congenital abnormality to avoid missing the diagnosis when present as this can lead to renal failure.
Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for rare case of caecal duplication cyst manifested as intussusception in an adult: a case report
Authors: Shetty Tarun , Chavan Kamini
Published: August 2022

Duplications of the alimentary tract are very rare congenital anomalies, and of which two thirds of cases manifest before the age of two years. Among duplication of alimentary tract colonic duplications are unusual, they may remain asymptomatic and present in adulthood. This report discussed a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain due to colocolic intussusception. Right hemicolectomy was performed for same and the diagnosis of a caecal enterogenous cyst was confirmed by histopathological exam. This report implied that although alimentary tract duplications are rare, they should be considered in any case presenting with abdominal pain. Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy can be performed for good cosmetic results, less morbidity and early recovery.
Postural limb abnormality: an unusual presentation of retroperitoneal Schwannoma
Authors: Anand Gautam , Sharma Deborshi , Meena Sanjay , Ahuja Arvind , Chauhan Devendra Singh
Published: August 2022

Schwannoma is a tumor of soft tissue originating from Schwann cells that rarely appears in the retroperitoneum. Presentation depends on the site of disease leading to mostly pressure symptoms, sometimes with distal manifestations. Because of its complex location, it has varied presentations and is always a diagnostic dilemma. We reported a rare case of retroperitoneal schwannoma having mild difficulty in walking due to flexion deformity of left hip joint as the only initial presenting symptoms. Following imaging studies, a retroperitoneal mass was found. Partial excision of the tumor was performed, with the histology finding consistent with the retroperitoneal schwannoma. Patient was followed up for the last 2 years and had no evidence of recurrence.
Prevalence of burnout among pediatric and obstetrics a gynecology resident at Al-Yamamah hospital in Riyadh
Authors: Almuhesseny Ali A. , Alyamani Lujain A. , Alotaibi Manal M. , Alhnake Alanoud W. , Almomen Farah A. , Almuradini Emad A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Burnout is a common, under-recognized problem amongst health workers. It is defined by three elements; emotional drianage, depersonalization, and decreased professional productiveness. Healthcare workers are particularly at risk, due to prolonged working hours, decreased physician autonomy, and extreme adminsitrivate burdens. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of workplace burnout among pediatric and obstetrics and gynecology residents in Al-Yamamah hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on pediatric and obstetrics and gynecology residents at Al-Yamamah hospital in Riyadh. Data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire. The questionnaire involved two parts; the 1st which included demographic data, and the 2nd Maslach burnout inventory for health services workers (MBI-HSS).Results: Fifty-four percent (54%) of the respondents were male and the mean age was 29 years. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of respondents stated that they work 61 to 70 hours per week and 30% of respondents reported to work 51 to 60 hours per week. Ten percent of the participants showed high depersonalization, 17% reported to have low personal achievements and 12% had high emotional exhaustion.Conclusions: Even though the burnout rate in our study is still of concern, it was found to be much lower compared to the burnout rate of other local studies. Appropriate measures should be taken to deal with the existing burnout amongst residents, such as spreading awareness, counselling, and social support.
Caregivers’ perception and reported challenges experienced by children affected with nocturnal enuresis in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Kuforiji Nwakaku B. , Funmilayo Okanlawon A. , Chizoma Ndikom M.
Published: August 2022

Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is bedwetting (BW) at night; it is a childhood problem that involves a large number of children. However, the study aimed at investigating caregivers’ perception, and challenges experienced by the children affected with NE in Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: The study utilized a descriptive case study to explore caregivers’ perceptions and challenges of NE on children and families using a multistage sampling technique to select 309 respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in collecting data for this study and descriptive analysis statistics and Chi-square test were used for the analysis.Results: The results showed that 86.5% perceived NE as a psychological problem, and 83.3% perceived that bedwetting can be a result of the spiritual spell, NE as a source of shame (87.3%), bedwetting as a serious behavioural problem (94.4%) and teenage bedwetting as abnormal (94.8%). The study also that that 35.7% of the children exhibited unruly attitudes, 23.8% were bullied, 100.0% felt nervous most times, 39.7% felt intimidated, and 47.6% will rather keep to themselves by not socializing.Conclusions: The occurrence of nocturnal enuresis was high among children above ten years of age. Almost all caregivers perceived nocturnal enuresis as negative to the family. Hence, there is a need to design health promotion programs aimed at addressing these challenges and empowering both children and caregivers in the process for the resolution of the problem.
Determinants of physical activity among middle aged and elderly
Authors: Juwita Citra Puspa , Budhyanti Weeke , Manik James Wilson Hasoloan
Published: August 2022

Background: Physical activity is an important role to avoid non-communicable diseases. This study aims to find out the determinants associated with physical activity among middle aged and elderly.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design on aged 45-year-old respondent that lived in DKI Jakarta. Data collection was carried out for 6 months through interviews conducted by enumerators with recording answers using g-form. Physical activity data was obtained by interviewing activities conducted by respondents in the last 7 days which will then be categorized into heavy, moderate, and low. The physical activity questionnaire used the global physical activity questioner, and the other variables were assessed through interviews with categorized results. Data processed using SPSS through descriptive data, to assess data’s frequency and correlation by looking at the magnitude of the relationship. Results: Correlation assessed with gamma test as the data was categorical with more than 3 groups and was not normally distributed. There was a significant association between physical activity and work (p=0.001), comorbid amounts (p=0.001), and body mass index (p=0.011) with a fairly strong correlation. Hypertension and joint disease are common diseases (33%) acquired among middle aged and elderly.Conclusions: There is a relationship between physical activity and work, the number of comorbidities, and body mass indexes with a fairly strong relationship. Interviews directly with respondents can lead to better data.
Towards UNAIDS 95-95-95: HIV knowledge and associated factors among young adults of 18 to 24 years age group in Northern Namibia
Authors: Moyo Enos , Ndwanya Takiyah White , Mhango Maligzani , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa
Published: August 2022

Background: Young adults have been worst affected by the HIV epidemic, and in many countries, they contribute about 50% of new infections. The infections are driven by lack of HIV knowledge, which contributes to poor HIV testing uptake among the young adults. This study aimed to assess the level of HIV knowledge among young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 years who receive medical services at a private hospital in northern Namibia.Methods: A single centre, hospital based, analytic cross-sectional study design was used for the study. 84 participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. A structured self-administered questionnaire adopted from the HIV-KQ-45 questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analysis included the use of Chi-square tests and logistic regression.Results: The findings of the study indicated that respondents who had good HIV knowledge were 58%. Chi-square tests showed there were statistically significant associations between residence and the HIV knowledge of participants, and between education level and HIV knowledge of participants (p<0.01). Logistic regression revealed that participants living in rural areas were statistically significantly less likely to have good HIV knowledge, OR = 0.24, 95% CI (0.10-0.61).Conclusion: The low level of good HIV knowledge among young adults in northern Namibia is concerning, considering that the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been around for more than four decades. Our findings underscore the need for tailored HIV knowledge delivery strategies, especially for rural communities.
Perceptions of health care providers and parents related to benefits and predisposition factors of skin-to-skin contact
Authors: Bhamani Shelina , Syed Areeba , Abbas Maliha , Mitha Hijaan , Ali Alyza Mohammad , Hussain Mohsina , Rashid Aliya , Khowaja Arisha , Naru Tahira , Kurji Zohra , Shaheen Zahra , Sheikh Lumaan
Published: August 2022

Background: Skin-to-skin contact is often termed as “Kangaroo Care”. It is a method of holding a baby skin-to-skin or chest-to-chest with a parent, typically mothers. This nursing intervention helps in establishing a strong bond between a parent and a child, provides adjustment to extra-uterine life, and contributes to the holistic growth and development of the child. Moreover, Kangaroo Care is a key intervention to support the development and nurturing of preterm infants. The study aims to identify the perceptions of healthcare providers pertaining to predisposition factors and the perceived benefits of skin-to-skin contact in times of COVID-19.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was implemented in the study. The data collected from the participants attended the workshop on skin-to-skin from a wide range of health care settings (primary, secondary, and tertiary care hospitals) from Karachi, Pakistan.Results: A total of 126 health care providers participated of which 22.2% were male. Regarding predisposition factors, 112 participants agreed that skin contact enhances a mother’s love for the newborn, while 110 participants agreed that it helps the mother to take better care of the child. Additionally, 109 participants agreed that skin contact establishes an emotional bond between parents and the newborn.Conclusions: Skin-to-skin contact is one of the best and safest practices for the baby and the mother. It reduces mortality, severe illness, infection, and length of hospital stay. The evidence-based research suggests that parents and health care providers should strongly promote and implement the concept of Kangaroo Care/skin-to-skin contact.
Experience of local self-governments in providing medical services to the population in developing and developed countries
Authors: Matchavariani Mariami , Jorjoliani Tsitsino , Zarnadze Irine , Zarnadze Shalva , Bakradze Tamar , Matchavariani Giorgi , Abashidze Gulnara
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of local government and self-government and their role in health care of population. The study was conducted in a pandemic and was conducted through a Google form. The study also asked whether the population applied to the city hall and the government for funding, what kind of assistance it needed and whether its problem was solved. We conducted a large-scale study in Georgia to assess the role of local self-government and governance, the role of local governance and self-government in the health care scheme of the population.Methods: We conducted a survey of 1,010 people across Georgia. There were both open and closed questions, with a minimum of 2 questions per question; an environmental survey was also conducted among the population. What did they want the funding to increase, what kind of service did they get and would they not improve anything?Results: These issues became more apparent when we conducted a survey of 1,010 people across Georgia, the purpose of the survey was to assess the population’s opinion, their attitude towards funding, as well as their opinion on the role of local government and self-government.Conclusions: Among the respondents, many residents received proper and full assistance completely, some at least partially, but no one was left unattended. Those of the respondents who needed help and did not apply for help from the city hall and the board, wondered what was the reason why they refrained.
Perception of quality of primary health care services in South-West Nigeria: a cross sectional study
Authors: Oyebade Akin , Adeyemo Charles , Oshineye Adeola , Olanrewaju Saheed , Njoku Lilian , Oladapo Jesutomi , Atolagbe James
Published: August 2022

Background: Quality of health-care services has grown in importance in both developed and developing countries' health-care systems over the years. This study aims to assess patients’ perception of quality of primary health care services in Osun State in order to improve healthcare outcomesMethods: This study employed the descriptive cross-sectional design to assess patients’ perception of quality of primary health care services in Osun State.Results: A greater proportion of respondents were motivated to utilize primary health care facilities as a result of accessibility to services/good attitude of health service providers compared to availability of services, affordability of health care services and quality of services. Sixty-two percent of 13 items measuring perception of quality of care by health care providers had above average response, only 25% of items measuring perception of quality of health care service delivery had above average response and only 16% of items measuring perception of quality of health facility had more than average responses. Physical accessibility, adequacy of cost and respectfulness of health workers were very important predictors of patient satisfaction with care.Conclusions: Overall quality of care is perceived to be of average quality. It is recommended that strategies be put in place to ensure sustenance of service areas with perceived good quality and continuous improvement of service areas with perceived poor quality especially recruitment of more health workers, provision of adequate medical equipment and improvement of payment arrangements at the facility.
Non-doctor prescription practices among women in Tamil Nadu: understanding the attitude towards over-the-counter drugs
Authors: Nirupama A. Y. , Sowmiya K. R. , Ravivarman G.
Published: August 2022

Background: Even though India has a very high burden of non-doctor prescription practices, there is no regulatory body governing the availability of OTC drugs unlike the Western countries. This study was aimed at evaluating the non-doctor prescription practices and the factors keeping the population away from healthcare facilities.Methods: This was a community based cross-section study including 234 women aged 18 years and above from urban and rural field practice areas of a teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu. Data was collected using a validated and pilot tested 4-part interview process and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 21.Results: Data analysis points towards a 61.11% prevalence of non-doctor prescription practices which showed statistically significant association with all the demographic variables except income. On further inquiry, 29.49% reported having given medications to a child (<15 years) without prescription. The quality of care score was negatively correlated to the non-doctor prescription practices (r = -0.723, p<0.001).Conclusions: The findings from this study points towards the need for further research to have a better understanding of the factors which make people choose not to visit a healthcare facility despite having knowledge about the hazards of NDPPs.
A study on suicidal tendency and their socio demographic profile among the patients attending the psychiatric outpatient department, tertiary care hospital, Nellore, SPSR Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Iga Lakshminarayana Reddy , Bellamkonda Gopi Krishna , Gottumukkala Ravi Prabhu
Published: August 2022

Background: Suicide is one of the ten major causes of death in India. Intentional self-harm is also associated with long term risk for repeated attempts as well as death by suicide. Individuals differ in the degree to which risk and protective factors affect their propensity for engaging in suicidal behaviours. The present study seeks to explore about suicidal intent among the self-harm attempters.Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study and includes both male and female patients attending the psychiatric outpatient department of government general hospital, Nellore. After obtaining the informed consent, the necessary data was obtained by a semi-structured interview schedule.Results: Descriptive analysis of the cases showed that those aged less than 30 years (49.3%), unmarried (52.0%), female subjects (52.0%), urban residents (51.3%) and those belonging to nuclear families (60.6%) were commonly involved. Organo-phosphorus poisoning was the commonly used method (30%). The psychological problems were the most common reason (40.0%) for attempting suicide. Mode of attempt, type of stress, existing physical illness and past psychiatric illness influenced the suicidal attempts.Conclusions: Gender specific differences were noted with regard to mode of attempt, type of stressors, physical illness, and past psychiatric illness. Young age groups are vulnerable for suicide. Identifying risk factors helps to design interventions to prevent further attempts.
The correlation between level of knowledge and knowledge on practices regarding infant feeding among mothers of rural community: a correlation study
Authors: V. Savitha S. , Thimmajja Sunanda Govinder , G. Nagarathnamma
Published: August 2022

Background: The infant feeding practices during first 2 years of life determine the overall health and survival during childhood and beyond. Aim was to find the correlation between knowledge on infant feeding and knowledge on infant feeding practices among mothers of rural community.Methods: A correlation study was conducted on 200 mothers of rural community at primary health centers of Chitradurga district, Karnataka. Gathered data by using knowledge and knowledge practice questionnaires on infant feeding through interview method.Results: The study results revels that majority of mothers were having inadequate knowledge and as well as inadequate knowledge on practices of infant feeding. There was a significant correlation found between knowledge and knowledge on practices related to infant feeding practices among mothers.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding infant feeding was inadequate and knowledge of infant feeding practices was found too in adequate. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and knowledge on practices. There is an ongoing need for individual and community awareness programmes regarding importance of infant feeding.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education and mental health of medical students: a nation-wide survey in India
Authors: Guralwar Chinmay , Kundawar Amey , Sharma Sarita K.
Published: August 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the education and mental health of undergraduate medical students in India.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted among MBBS students of all five years (n=604) selected by random sampling. Participants were administered questionnaires consisting of perceived stress scale (PSS-10), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) for mental health assessment. A COVID-19 impact on medical education (CIME) questionnaire was developed for evaluating the impact on education. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the socio-demographic correlates.Results: The mean score of COVID-19 impact on education, stress and anxiety were 26.2±5.2, 24.5±6.0 and 10.7±6.1 and their overall prevalence were 70.1% (66.4-73.8%), 38.9% (35.0-42.9%) and 54.1% (50.1-58.2%) respectively. There was positive correlation between CIME and stress (r=0.382, p<0.01) and anxiety (r=0.321, p<0.01). Internship [aOR=3.5 (1.5-8.3), p=0.003], not having romantic partner [aOR=1.4 (1.1-1.9)], stress [aOR=2.3 (1.4-3.7)] and anxiety [aOR=1.6 (1.1-2.5)] were positive predictors (p<0.05) of severe impact on education.Conclusions: There was a severe impact of the pandemic on education of majority of the students. The stress and anxiety levels during the pandemic were relatively higher than usual indicating generalized worsening. Poor mental health outcomes and negative impact on education were evident positive predictors and correlates of each other.