bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnant Women
Authors: Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Romero Roberto , Tao Li , Gershater Meyer , Leng Yaozhu , Zou Chengrui , Farias-Jofre Marcelo , Galaz Jose , Miller Derek , Tarca Adi L , Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Bhatti Gaurav , Garcia-Flores Valeria , Liu Zhenjie , Para Robert , Kanninen Tomi , Hadaya Ola , Paredes Carmen , Xu Yi
Published: April 2022

Pregnant women are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia and preterm birth, that may result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Pregnancy imprints specific maternal immune responses that can modulate host susceptibility to microbial infection; therefore, recent studies have focused on the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women. However, the pregnancy-specific cellular immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. In this study, we undertook an extensive in vitro investigation to determine the cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 particles and proteins/peptides in pregnant women. First, we show that SARS-CoV-2 particles do not alter the pregnancy-specific oxidative burst of neutrophils and monocytes. Yet, SARS-CoV-2 particles/proteins shift monocyte activation from the classical to intermediate states in pregnant, but not in nonpregnant, women. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 proteins, but not particles or peptide pools, mildly enhance T cell activation during pregnancy. As expected, B cell phenotypes are heavily modulated by SARS-CoV-2 particles in all women; yet, pregnancy itself further modified such responses in these adaptive immune cells. Lastly, we report that pregnancy itself governs cytokine responses in the maternal circulation, of which IFN-β and IL-8 were diminished upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Collectively, these findings highlight the differential in vitro responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant and nonpregnant women and shed light on the immune mechanisms implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy.
Evaluation of the oil quality properties of Rapeseed genotypes contributed to drought stress at the flowering stage in semi-arid conditions
Authors: Shafighi Aliakbar , Teymoori Maryam , Ardakani Mohammad Reza , Shirani Rad Amir Hossein , Alavifazel Mojtaba , Rafiei Farnaz
Published: April 2022

Climate change and water scarcity are among the significant limited factors to constrain the production and development of oilseed crops, especially rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), in arid and semi-arid areas. The effects of drought stress and late-sowing on the grain yield and oil quality of rapeseed were studied by conducting a factorial split-plot experiment as a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years (2015-2017) in Karaj, Iran. Irrigation and sowing date treatments were considered in the main plots as factorial, and cultivars were placed in subplots. Two sowing dates were considered; the regular date (October 7th) and the late-sowing date (November 6th). Irrigation was also carried out at two levels of normal irrigation and irrigation interruption from the flowering stage onwards. Experimental cultivars included ES Hydromel, ES Alonso, ES Darko, ES Lauren, and Ahmadi. The highest grain yield (4505.6 kg ha-1) was obtained on the regular date, and the normal irrigation. ES Hydromel had the best quality of oil and grain meal due to the highest percentage of palmitic acid (4.44%) under late cultivation and drought stress and the lowest glucosinolates content (23.19 μmol g-1 DW) under late cultivation. Therefore, the ES Hydromel hybrid cultivar was more successful in optimal use of water resources in the face of water scarcity and late-planting in arid and semi-arid regions.
Luci ed ombre nella diagnosi di morte cerebrale
Authors: D'Onofrio Felice
Published: April 2022

Il trapianto degli organi ed in particolare quello da eseguire a cuore battente del donatore, ha portato alla ribalta il problema del momento della morte. Indubbiamente la morte del cervello con la fine conseguente delle funzioni cardiache e respiratorie è l'indice più sicuro della fine irreversibile di un'esistenza. E' proprio però sull"accertamento della morte cerebrale a tutti i livelli, siano essi corticali o del tronco, che ancora oggi in letteratura emergono incertezze ed opinioni. In tal ottica l'Autore in una breve rassegna riporta i dati della letteratura dai quali emergono ancora oggi risultati contrastanti sulla validità di alcuni accertamenti diagnostici quali l'elettroencefalogramma o quelli relativi alla funzionalità neurovegetativa specie in presenza di risposte abnormi o non concordanti. Si sottolinea l'importanza del trapianto. e quindi della donazione degli organi, ma nel contempo viene ribadita la necessità di esperire tutti gli accertamenti necessari per rilevare la reale perdita della funzione ai vari livelli cerebrali e comunque non considerare mai come donatore un soggetto nel quale vi siano dubbi sui risultati o sulle risposte evocate.
When in Doubt, Cite! Do Nursing Students Care to Cite? A Nurse Educator's Perspective on Plagiarism
Authors: George Mini
Published: April 2022

Plagiarism is an age old problem that has plagued the academic landscape. This problem has gone unabated in educational institutions across disciplines. Nursing Education in India is no exception. Many nursing students are unclear as to what amounts to plagiarism or that cheating has consequences. Nurse educators can play an important part and need to feel strongly about academic integrity and not ignore cheating. Creating awareness about academic writing and teaching students to cite, starting from their inception into the program and reinforcing this behavior regularly is an essential component to curbing. Nursing Educational Institutions have to upscale their strategies to prevent this menace. Finally, crucial to understanding and countering academic dishonesty in the classroom and clinical settings; and finding innovative strategies including the role of nurse educators, is to conduct high quality researches
Interaction of Cry1 Gene Polymorphisms and Dominant Food Patterns on Obesity
Authors: Tangestani Hadith , Emamat Hadi , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Alipour Mohsen , Keshavarz Seyed Ali , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: April 2022

Background:

Evidence suggests that there is some relationship between circadian clock gene variants and obesity. However, there are few examinations supporting this observation in human subjects. This study was aimed to investigate the interaction between Cry1 circadian gene polymorphism and major dietary patterns on obesity measurements.

Methods:

Healthy overweight and obese women aged 18–53 years old were recruited from health centers in Tehran, Iran by a multistage cluster random sampling method (n = 377). Major dietary patterns were elicited after assessing the intake of 16 food groups using a valid and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measurements were performed for each and every participant. Body composition was analyzed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Socio-demographic and physical activity data were also collected by a validated Farsi demographic questionnaire and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The Cry1 rs2287161 polymorphism were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Generalized linear models were used for interaction analysis.

Results:

Two major dietary patterns, including healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern (HDP and UDP, respectively) were determined using factor analysis. Our study showed a significant higher weight (P = 0.003), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.042), hip circumference (P = 0.052), and body fat mass (P = 0.028) in carriers of C allele compared with G allele. Moreover, a significant gene-diet interaction was observed between being a carrier of C allele and BMI (P = 0.099 for CC genotype; P = 0.1 for CG genotype) and fat mass (P = 0.1 for CG genotype).

Conclusions:

The current study suggests a significant interaction of Cry1 rs2287161 gene polymorphisms in people following a healthy dietary pattern on BMI and fat mass among carriers of C allele compared to carriers of G allele.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Patients on Long Term Treatment in a Tertiary Health Institution in Jos Nigeria
Authors: Afolaranmi Tolulope O. , Hassan Zuwaira I. , Uwadiae Esosa J. , Nwokolo Uchechukwu E. , Nwaemelu Ijeoma B. , Ugwu Kainechukwu G. , Ugwu Obinna J. , Bello Kayode K. , Ofakunrin Akinyemi O.
Published: April 2022

Background:

The use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is on the increase globally and found to be more pronounced among those with chronic illnesses even in the face of insufficient scientific evidence to support its efficacy. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the level of use of CAM and its predictors among patients on long term care in tertiary health institution.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 176 patients accessing treatment for chronic medical conditions in Jos University Teaching Hospital using quantitative method of data collection. Epi Info statistical software version 7 was used for data analysis and a value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The median age of respondents was 50 (IQR 30–84) years with 83 (47.2%) being 51 years and above. Utilization of CAM was reported among 72 (40.9%) with herbal preparation ranking highest among 56 (77.8%) the respondents. Absence of side effects (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.6918–3.2135) and consistency with culture (AOR = 4.46; 95% CI = 1.4695–6.1851) were identified predictors of CAM use.

Conclusions:

This study has demonstrated a relatively high level of CAM use with perceived absence of side effects, peer influence, and consistency with culture predicting its use.
Pretravelling Health-Seeking Behavior, Knowledge of Vaccines, and Attitudes Toward Travel Health among Malaysian Travelers
Authors: B. Sidek Ahmad Zulkhairul Naim , Zarkasi Khairul Anwar , Ramli Nur Zuliani , Che Jamaludin Farrah Ilyani , Che Hasan Muhammad Kamil
Published: April 2022

Background:

Travelers are at higher risk of developing health-related problems, especially travel-related diseases, and this remains a major public health burden.

Aims:

To assess pretravel health behavior-seeking factors, knowledge of vaccine, and travel health attitudes. A cross-sectional design among Malaysian travelers.

Methods:

An online survey was conducted from December 2017 till March 2018 among 226 participants. Demographic data, pretraveling health behaviors, knowledge of vaccine-preventable diseases, and travel health were asked. Independent t-test and ANOVA were performed using SPSS version 20.

Results:

Among travelers, 51.3% and 63.7% used health-related information on their destination before departure and collected information on possible travel hazards at their destination. Participant age (P = 0.02), monthly income (P = 0.01), predeparture health information (P = 0.03), information on possible hazards (P = 0.04), and travel health advice from medical professionals (P = 0.03) have been reported as a major predictor of knowledge of vaccine-preventable disease. Travelers’ gender (P = 0.01), household income (P = 0.01), and travel health advice from professionals (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with travel health attitude.

Conclusions:

Sociodemographic and pretravel health-seeking behavior influence knowledge of vaccine-preventable disease and attitudes towards travel health which requires a public health need for community outreach programs targeting this group.
Atypical Presentation of Halo Nevus over Eyelid with Poliosis
Authors: Shah Aishni J. , Polra Rutoo V. , Prajapati Kalpesh M. , Nair Pragya Ashok
Published: April 2022

Halo nevus (HN) is benign skin condition with a central melanocytic nevus, surrounded by an area or halo of depigmentation. It is the result of immunological response of the body toward the nevus, which destroys the melanocytes in surrounding skin, leading to the depigmented halo. An increased frequency of HN in patients with vitiligo is observed. It is more commonly seen in children or young adults of either sex, particularly on the trunk, less commonly on the face, neck, and limbs. We present a rare case of HN which was present on the lower eyelid associated with poliosis, diagnosed with dermatoscopy.
Effectiveness of Topical 0.5% Ivermectin Shampoo in the Treatment of Pediculosis Capitis among School-going Female Children
Authors: Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal , Aishwarya Manju , Elayaperumal Suguna
Published: April 2022

Background:

Pediculosis is a common ectoparasitic infestation in children. There are different treatment modalities that have been used in the treatment of pediculosis capitis from time immemorial, each with their own shortcomings. Increasing emergence of resistance to permethrin has led to the lookout for newer alternatives.

Aims and Objectives:

The role of topical ivermectin in the management of pediculosis in people with culturally different hair grooming practices is analyzed in this study.

Materials and Methods:

This observational open-label clinical study was conducted in September–November 2019 in the schools that were under the rural health center at South India among school-going female children aged between 13 and 16 years of age and diagnosed with pediculosis.

Results:

This study demonstrated that a single application of ivermectin shampoo was able to kill head lice in 86.2% of the participants. In participants with persistent infection (13.8%), a repeat application killed the entire louse and 100% efficacy was demonstrated. Topical ivermectin is devoid of systemic side effects of oral ivermectin. Topical ivermectin has found to be more effective than contemporary recommended agents such as malathion and permethrin.
Targeted Nutritional Supplementation for Telogen Effluvium
Authors: Arias Eva Maria , Floriach Nuria , Moreno-Arias Gerardo , Camps Alejandro , Arias Salvador , Trüeb Ralph Michel
Published: April 2022

Background:

The condition of the hair is closely related to the nutritional state. Normal supply, uptake, and transport of nutrients are of fundamental importance in tissues with a high biosynthetic activity such as the hair follicle.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nutritional-based induction and maintenance treatment for telogen effluvium formulated with a combination of hydrolyzed collagen, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.

Patients and Methods:

The clinical studies were conducted with each nutritional treatment individually, and both in sequential combination. Anagen/telogen ratio, hair density, and tolerability of treatment were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks of induction therapy, and another 12 weeks of maintenance treatment. Trichogram results showed a significant improvement of the anagen/telogen ratio between baseline and final visit at 16 weeks, with an increase of hair in anagen and a reduction of hair in telogen. Furthermore, a significant increase was observed in hair density. The effect size of the combination treatment was higher than that of each of the two products used separately as monotherapy.

Conclusions:

The study results provide a proof of concept for targeted nutritional supplementation for the treatment of telogen effluvium, with a special emphasis on the role of collagen, besides specific amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.
Statistical corner
Authors: Pyysalo Mikko
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

R is a programming language that can be used to efficiently solve statistical problems.

Objectives:

To demonstrate the method of building functions using R in statistical analysis and storing it for future use.

Materials and Methods:

A real world example of comparison of statistical values in aneurysm research with respect to its locations has been used to demonstrate how one might build a function using R.

Results:

Accurate results could be obtained and the function can be stored for later use.

Conclusions:

As the statistical tools required in research are recurrent, building functions in R and storing them for future use is highly recommended.
Torcular herophili dural arteriovenous fistula of the brain – Balloon-assisted flow-controlled embolisation with venous sinus preservation
Authors: Paramasivam Srinivasan , Elangovan Kannah
Published: April 2022

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) are rare acquired vascular malformations of the brain with varied clinical presentations based on the location and pattern of venous drainage. Aggressive management of DAVF is predominantly endovascular with open surgical obliteration reserved for a few selected cases. DAVF around the trocular herophili are challenging as we need to preserve the superficial and deep venous channels for the normal drain drainage. We describe a case of complex DAVF centered around torcula herophili and left transverse sinus with complete obliteration of left sigmoid sinus and stenosis of the left transverse sigmoid sinus. The DAVF had retrograde venous drainage through the superficial and deep venous sinuses, cortical veins, competing with normal venous drainage of the brain with significant venous hypertension and cognitive impairment. Our goal was complete obliteration of all the feeders with preservation of the venous sinuses and reduction of venous hypertension to achieve cognitive improvement. Endovascular embolisation by transarterial route was done with flow control on the venous side using dimethyl sulfoxide compatible balloon. We have described the technical challenges and strategy to achieve complete obliteration of all the feeders around the sinus, with preservation of torcula using balloon inflation. Venous system flow was restored to the normal pattern and anti-coagulated for 24 h. Endovascular embolisation is the mainstay treatment for DAVF. To achieve cure, strategising the approach and extent of obliteration based on anatomy and venous drainage pattern of the brain is essential. Torcular DAVF pose a specific challenge, at it is the confluence of the superficial and deep venous system. Transvenous Balloon-assisted embolisation is a safe and effective method to achieve complete obliteration of DAVF with preservation of the venous sinuses.
Early/Subtle Electrocardiography Features of Acute Coronary Syndrome and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gunaseelan R. , Sasikumar M. , Nithya B. , Aswin K. , Ezhilkugan G. , Anuusha S. S. , Balamurugan N. , Vivekanandan M.
Published: April 2022

Chest pain is one of the most common presenting complaints in the emergency department. Interpreting a 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) for evidence of ischemia is always challenging. Frank ECG changes such as ST-segment elevation and ST-segment depression can be easily identified by emergency physicians. However, identifying subtle or early features of ACS in the 12-lead ECG is essential in preventing significant mortality and morbidity from ACS. In the following case series, we describe five of the subtle/early ECG changes of ACS, namely (1) T-wave inversion in lead aVL; (2) terminal QRS distortion; (3) hyperacute T-waves; (4) negative U-waves in precordial leads; and (5) loss of precordial T-wave balance. In all these cases, the initial 12-lead ECG showed only subtle/early ECG changes which were followed up with serial ECGs which progressed to STEMI.
End-of-Life Communication in the Emergency Department
Authors: Zhang Yuan Helen , De Silva Muthuwadura Waruni Subashini , Allen John Carson , Lateef Fatimah , Omar Eunizar Binte
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

End-of-life (EOL) conditions are commonly encountered by emergency physicians (EP). We aim to explore EPs’ experience and perspectives toward EOL discussions in acute settings.

Methods:

A qualitative survey was conducted among EPs in three tertiary institutions. Data on demographics, EOL knowledge, conflict management strategies, comfort level, and perceived barriers to EOL discussions were collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SAS.

Results:

Of 63 respondents, 40 (63.5%) were male. Respondents comprised 22 senior residents/registrars, 9 associate consultants, 22 consultants, and 10 senior consultants. The median duration of emergency department practice was 8 (interquartile range: 6–10) years. A majority (79.3%) reported conducting EOL discussions daily to weekly, with most (90.5%) able to obtain general agreement with families and patients regarding goals of care. Top barriers were communications with family/clinicians, lack of understanding of palliative care, and lack of rapport with patients. 38 (60.3%) deferred discussions to other colleagues (e.g., intensivists), 10 (15.9%) involved more family members, and 13 (20.6%) employed a combination of approaches. Physician's comfort level in discussing EOL issues also differed with physician seniority and patient type. There was a positive correlation between the mean general comfort level when discussing EOL and the seniority of the EPs up till consultancy. However, the comfort level dropped among senior consultants as compared to consultants. EPs were most comfortable discussing EOL of patients with a known terminal illness and least comfortable in cases of sudden death.

Conclusions:

Formal training and standardized framework would be useful to enhance the competency of EPs in conducting EOL discussions.
Facilitators and Barriers to Infant Immunization during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tawar Shabeena , Yadav Arun Kumar , Garg Swati , Bhaskar Vijay , Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

The world is enveloped with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic with modern medicine and public health facing their most significant challenges ever posed. As the number of COVID-19 cases increased worldwide, an important issue of concern was the continuation of routine immunization services for children. This study has been conceptualized to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant Immunization.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a descriptive study conducted in an urban community amongst healthy children <1-year-old from January 2018 to September 2021. Immunization records of infants were obtained from data generated during each immunization session and strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis was done using a questionnaire.

Results:

During the study, a total of 3518 vaccinations were done, a total of 3010 vaccinations (85.5%) were done on time, and the total delayed vaccinations were 508 (14.5%). The difference among the years was statistically significant, with the highest delay in the year 2020 (P < 0.001). However, in the year 2021, the number of vaccinations carried out from April to September was 568, with delayed vaccination of only 10.9%.

Conclusion:

The Armed Forces childhood immunization program could be sustained during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a multitude of contributing factors such as adherence to national guidelines that prioritized vaccination, infrastructure, and availability of trained workforce and most importantly commitment to strict COVID appropriate behavior.
Malnutrition in Elderly Pilgrims Attending Kumbh Festival 2019
Authors: Aggarwal Vivek , Sashindran V. K. , Dudeja Puja , Prashant P. , Sarkar Nandini , Vasdev Vivek , Singhal Anuj
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:

Geriatric population is at increased risk of malnutrition which in turn leads to decreased immunity, sarcopenia, frailty and poor clinical outcomes. This study was planned to study the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly people (>60 yrs) attending Kumbh Mahotsava. The objectives of the study were to see the association of malnutrition with socioeconomic status, gender, age and geriatric syndromes.

Methods:

Cross sectional observational study in elderly more than 60 years attending Kumbh Festival. Nutritional assessment was done using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the modified Kuppuswamy score. Anthropometric data like body mass index (BMI), calf circumference, and upper mid-arm circumference were measured. All the above data points were integrated into a web application and the socioeconomic and nutritional score were calculated automatically. Based on nutritional assessment nutritional advice was given by a short message service and verbal counseling. Prevalence of malnutrition and its association with socioeconomic status, gender, age and geriatric syndromes were analysed.

Results:

Total 219 elderly were included in the study. Mean age was 68.5 years. Around 70% (152/219) were either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status was significantly associated with modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic status (P = < 0.001). There was a significant association between nutritional status and presence of geriatric syndromes in form of having a falls (P= 0.010), leaking of urine (P= <0.001) and forgetfulness (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Around 70% (152/219) of the elderly were either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition with significant ssociation with socioeconomic status and geriatric syndromes. This study shows the importance of screening our geriatric population for malnutrition.
An Unusual Presentation of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Young Male
Authors: Srinath Rajagopal , Nanda Subrat Kumar , Mathur Ankit , Sharma Manish
Published: April 2022

Tubercular meningitis is prevalent in India as various clinical subtypes. Our case illustrates an unusual presentation of tuberculosis (TB) meningitis with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Our patient had presented with fever and headache for about 1 week, followed by acute onset left hemiparesis. His evaluation revealed features of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) on neuroimaging along with cerebrospinal fluid picture of the central nervous system (CNS) TB. He was managed with antitubercular therapy with steroids and anticoagulation following which the patient recovered. The coexistence of CVT with CNS TB is very rare. It is pertinent to diagnose the same early to prevent life-threatening complications.
Short-term Evaluation of Renal Transplantation Complications
Authors: Aggarwal Puneet , Talwar Raghav , Karan S. C.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Renal Transplant remains one of the pioneer branches of solid organ transplant and surgical complications can affect the outcome.

Material and Methods:

Present study was done to find out the incidence of surgical complications in Renal Transplant Recipients, their outcome, to compare it with contemporary studies and suggest remedial measures. It was Prospective non-randomized observational study conducted at tertiary centre. All patients who underwent live related or deceased donor transplant over two yrs were recruited. All relevant data was collected. Data were collected and put in a master chart in Microsoft Excel© format and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17 software®. Student t test was used to compare data with published contemporary series and p value was calculated.

Results:

one hundred and forty-five cases including 31 (21%) deceased donor recipients were studied. Eleven (7.58%) had surgical complications. Two with arterial complications required graft nephrectomies and one with renal artery stenosis stented successfully. Higher incidence of arterial complications (2.06%) was noted as compared to contemporary studies (0.69%-1.3%) (p>.05) with higher incidence (3.2%) in deceased Donor recipients. No venous complications recorded (contemporary studies 0.15% - 0.55% incidence). One (0.68%) Ureteric stricture was reported, comparable to contemporary studies (0.27%-0.54%) (p>.05) and managed endoscopically. No uretric-vesical anastamosis leak recorded (contemporary studies 0% - 0.97% incidence). Four (2.75%) had Lymphorea, (Three deceased, one live donor) requiring Betadine instillation, significantly lower than contemporary studies (7.14%- 23%) (p<.05). Two (1.4%) had surgical site infection requiring secondary suturing, significantly lower than contemporary studies (3.2%- 15%) (<.05). One (0.68%) had stricture urethra managed conservatively, comparable to contemporary studies (0.83%-1.18%).

Conclusion:

Overall incidence of surgical complications is reducing. Complication rates are higher in Deceased Donor recipients.
Cesarean Sections Conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital – An Analysis as per Robson's Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Asthana Shilpa , Lele P. R. , Pitale Devdatt , Sandeep G.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Over a past few decades, there has been an increase in cesarean section (CS) rates globally. The exponential rise in CS is a major contributory factor in both maternal and fetal morbidities. It is important to assess, analyze, and audit cesarean section rate and its indications, in obstetric care delivery units existing in every health-care system. This study was conducted to audit the rate of CS in our institute with a focus to optimize the indications of CS with an aim to help in reduction in cesarean deliveries in future.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year in a large tertiary care hospital. All patients who underwent cesarean section were categorized according to Robson Ten group Classification system.

Results:

In this study, a total number of deliveries in the given time period were 1062, of which 455 (42.84%) underwent CS. Among the total CS, n = 237 (52.08%) were elective and n = 218 (47.91%) were emergency CS. The highest contribution to the CS, according to Robson's TGCS, was Group 5 and Group 2 in this study. Group 9 had the lowest contribution to CS rate. The most common indication for emergency CS was nonreassuring fetal heart rate (n = 76, 34.86%); however, post-LSCS pregnancy attributed (n = 132, 55.70%) to elective CS. A total number of CS performed at term were 402 (88.35%) and preterm CS conferred to 53 (11.65%).

Conclusion:

There exists a significant concern toward the overuse of CS. A definitive protocol and optimization of indications for primary CS along with clinical and administrative efforts would aid in minimizing the CS rate. Furthermore, it must be noted that every effort should be made toward provision of CS in women warranting it, rather than achieving specific target goal.
Outcomes in HIV Patients on Two Different Protease Inhibitors on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Ashta Kuldeep Kumar , Arora Sumit , Verma Niket
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

There were 38 million people living with HIV in the world in 2019, out of which 5.8 million were living within the Asia-Pacific region. Globally, 67% (25.4 million) and within the Asia-Pacific region, 60% (3.5 million) of the individuals living with HIV were accessing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) respectively. Approximately 4% of the patients on ART are on second-line therapy. The aim of this research was to analyze the difference in efficacy and tolerance of boosted lopinavir and boosted atazanavir as part of second-line ART regimens and factors associated with the difference.

Materials and Methods:

The observational study was conducted at a referral ART clinic of a tertiary care hospital in North India. This was an ambispective study on patients under evaluation for first-line treatment failure. One hundred and fifteen and sixty patients were recruited to lopinavir and atazanavir study groups, respectively. Efficacy was assessed by adequate suppression of plasma viral loads 12 months after starting therapy with protease inhibitors.

Results:

Both the regimens are highly effective in reducing viral loads. Regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), hyperlipidemia and abnormal liver function test (transaminitis) were the most common ADRs in the lopinavir study group, whereas nausea, fever, and indirect hyperbilirubinemia were the most common ADRs in the atazanavir study group.

Conclusions:

Lopinavir and atazanavir are both highly effective in reducing viral loads and produced comparable CD4 levels post 1-year follow-up.
Stone Clearance Rate and Postoperative Recovery of Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Single-Institute Study
Authors: Shah Amit Kumar , Upadhye Manoj A , Deepak H , Goud Naveen Kumar , Shah Akshat
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

During the last two decades, the evaluation and management of renal and upper ureteric stones has vastly altered. The era of endoscopic surgery replaced open pyelolithotomy or nephrolithotomy which caused a significant morbidity. During this decade we saw evolution of endoscopic surgery where Mini PCNL (Mini Perc) , Ultra Mini and Micro Perc have further achieved stone clearance with better outcomes pertaining to reduced morbidity because of reduction in caliber of tract dilatation, even avoiding a nephrostomy post procedure in select cases. Aim of this study summarizes the outcome of patients undergoing Mini Perc. The primary objective of the study was to get Post-Operative evaluation of complications associated with Mini Perc by Modified Clavien Dindo Grading and secondary objectives were to see Post-Operative pain assessment by Visual Analogue scale and to see Stone clearance rate of the surgical procedure.

Materials and Methods:

Research was carried out in the form of a Hospital-based prospective observational study as per the guidelines shared by the Prospective Observational Clinical Studies Good Research Practices Task Force (formed May 16, 2010). Hospital-based prospective observational study of 78 consecutive patients who underwent Mini Perc between Aug 2018 and May 2020 at tertiary care centre were vetted against the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The management policy for pelvicalyceal calculi at the study centre has closely followed those of the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines for managing renal stones.

Results:

The mean age of the group was 43.3 years (range 16–84) with 47 males and 38 females. Mean stone size was 20.11 mm (range 11–38 mm) and mean operative time was 44.5 min (range 29–98 min). Double J (DJ) stent was placed in all patients as a prophylaxis to prevent obstructive uropathy / post op urinary leak. Postoperatively, the most commonly noted complication was fever recorded in 12 (15.38%) patients followed by bleeding at the surgical site in 03 (3.84%) patients. Sepsis was noted in 02 (2.56%) patients, pleural injury in 01(1.28) patient. Haemorrhage requiring intervention was recorded in 01 (1.28%) of patients. Pain assessment done at specified interval showed progressive decreasing trend in intensity as evaluated by visual analogue scale. The stone clearance rate in our study was 96.15% at the end of one month following post op period.

Conclusion:

The study shows that Mini Perc remains standard of care for management of Renal and upper ureteric stone. The technique beyond doubt is safe, efficient, feasible and economical in achieving excellent stone clearance rates. The Modified Clavien-Dindo system of grading for perioperative complications is easy to use and reproducible. It can be used as an objective and reliable method for describing the complications of the surgical procedure.
Clinical Spectrum of Gossypiboma: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Ranjan Priya , Jha Vijay Chetan , Nair Vipin Venugopal , Eranki Sibi , Singh Onkar
Published: April 2022

Gossypiboma is a term used to describe retained surgical sponge after surgery. This is an avoidable clinical condition causing significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical presentation is variable and often a diagnostic enigma. The consequences of gossypiboma are undesirable, disappointing, and have medicolegal implications for the surgical team. We report three cases of gossypiboma with varying clinical spectrums. The first case had gastric outlet obstruction due to retained surgical sponge after open cholecystectomy. It had eroded both into the first part of the duodenum and transverse colon. Endoscopic and radiological evaluation helped to establish the diagnosis of duodenocolic fistula with gastric outlet obstruction. The second patient was treated for penetrating abdominal wound and presented with persistent fever with discharging sinus at the wound site. The third patient had undergone exploratory laparotomy for recurrent hydatid cyst of the liver and, in addition to recurrent hydatid cyst, a surgical sponge was also found. All these patients had retained surgical sponges but different clinical presentations. These patients underwent exploratory laparotomy and surgical removal of the retained surgical item (RSI) followed by a successful recovery. Gossypiboma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all unexplained postoperative sepsis, intestinal obstruction, and intra-abdominal mass. Standard surgical safety measures in the operative room help to prevent the incidence of RSIs.
Preliminary Analysis of Excess Mortality in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Leffler Christopher T. , Lykins V Joseph D. , Das Saurav , Yang Edward , Konda Sneha
Published: April 2022

We studied all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 19 Indian states (population 1.27 billion). Excess mortality was calculated by comparison with years 2015 to 2019. The known COVID-19 deaths reported for a state were assumed to be accurate, unless excess mortality data suggested a higher toll. Data from one state were excluded due to anomalies. In several regions, fewer deaths were reported in 2020 than expected. Areas in Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal saw spikes in mortality in Spring 2021. The pandemic-related mortality through August 31, 2021, in 18 Indian states was estimated to be 198.7 per 100,000 population (range 146.1–263.8 per 100,000). If these rates apply nationally, then 2.69 million people (range 1.98 to 3.57 million) may have perished in India as a result of the pandemic by August 31, 2021.
Exposición química y síntomas dérmicos y respiratorios en estilistas del sector informal de Palmira 2020
Authors: Motato-Carvajal Maryury , Osorio-Torres Carlos Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Los productos cosméticos utilizados en los tratamientos de belleza contienen diferentes sustancias químicas toxicas irritantes y cancerígenas como el formaldehido, clasificado por la Agencia Internacional de Investigación sobre el Cáncer IARC (siglas en inglés) como tipo 2, probablemente cancerígeno en humanos(1) ; y el amoniaco también clasificado como cancerígeno por el Instituto Nacional para la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional NIOSH(2) (siglas en inglés) , los cuales pueden ingresar al organismo por inhalación, vía oral, contacto en globo ocular y contacto con la piel produciendo diferentes síntomas clínicos en los estilistas. Objetivo: Identificar la exposición química y los síntomas relacionados en estilistas del sector informal del municipio de Palmira Colombia.

Método: Se evaluaron las características de la población con una encuesta sociodemográfica de elaboración propia, las características de exposición química en los salones de belleza con el cuestionario de evaluación cualitativa Stoffenmanager, y los síntomas en la piel, mucosa ocular y vía aérea superior de los estilistas con el cuestionario nórdico de enfermedades cutáneas de origen profesional NOSQ-2002/SHORT. Las peluquerías fueron seleccionadas al azar de un universo de 35 peluquerías clasificadas según el número de trabajadores.

Resultados: Las condiciones de exposición a químicos se evaluaron en 12 peluquerías, la exposición por inhalación fue alta en el proceso de alisado; la exposición dérmica por contacto fue alta en el alisado y en la coloración , y fue muy alta en la decoloración; la exposición dérmica por absorción fue alta en la coloración y muy alta en el alisado y la decoloración. Los síntomas dérmicos y respiratorios se evaluaron en 64 estilistas, encontrando síntomas dérmicos en el 51,6 % , y síntomas respiratorios en el 60,9 %.

Conclusiones: El mayor peligro por exposición químico estaba en el proceso de alisado. Los síntomas de los estilistas se relacionan con la frecuencia de exposición a estos químicos.
Turkic Acculturation and the Emergence of Bengali Identity
Authors: Khan Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan , Ahsan Habib  , Abu B. Siddiq
Published: April 2022

Bengal is the largest delta in the world. Because of the easy access to natural wealth, many people groups of different ethno-religious backgrounds migrated into Bengal from prehistoric times. Following the conquest of Bengal by the Khalaj descended Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, the Central and West Asian traditions greatly influenced the Delta throughout about 600 years. Although there were migrations of many other groups, primarily the predominance of Turkic traditions encouraged waves of Turk-Bengali acculturations which helped emerge and mature the Bengali identity in the Delta. Later, there were trends of false narration, propaganda history and attempts of deculturation throughout 190 year-long colonial rule. Yet, the signs of this harmonious and mutual acculturation still survive in archaeological and historical sources of the region. Citing some of them, this study aims to present a glimpse of the process of welfare and Turk-Bengal acculturation in the Bengal Delta.
Akıt Hacı Oğulları’nın Kazakça Meali
Authors: Aitbayev Zhandos
Published: April 2022

Kur’anı Keri’in Kazakça ilk meallerden birisi olan Kazakistan topraklarından Doğu Türkistan bölgesine hicret eden Akıt hacı Ülimci oğlunun kaybolup günümüze kadar ulaşılamayan mealini  oğulları babalarinin vefatından yarım asır sonra oğulları Aziz (d.1924) ve Makaş (d.1931-2003) Akıtulu onun arzusunu yerine getirip bir meal yazarak 1990 yılında Sincanda basmıştır.

Makalede Aziz ve Makaş Akıt oğullarının “Kuran Karim’nin Kazakşa Audarması” adlı mealinin tanıtımı işlenmiştir.

Birinci bölimde Kazakça meallerin doğuşu ve gelişiminden söz edilmektedir.

İkinci bölümde ise mütercimlerin hayatları ve eserlerine yer verilmektedir.

Üçüncü ana bölümde ise “Kuran Karim’nin Kazakşa Audarması” adli mealinin tanıtımını işlemiştir. Mealin teknik özelliklerine değinerek meal’in orjinal ve kiril baskılarını karşılaştırarak bazı örnekler getirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda mealin orjinal ve kiril nüshaları arasındakı farkları dile getirerek iki baskı arasında mukayese de yapılmıştır. Belli başlıklı kavramların tercüme edilişine ve mealde’ki eksik ve yanlış tercüme edilmiş ayetleri tespit ederek örneklerle makalenin içeriğindeki zenginliğini artırmıştır.

Makale’nin sonuç bölümünde tercüme’nin özelliklerini anlatarak meal hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur.
On birational automorphisms of Severi-Brauer surfaces
Authors: Weinstein Felix
Published: April 2022

The generators of the group of birational automorphisms of any Severi-Brauer
surface non-isomorphic over an algebraically non-closed field to the projective
plane are explicitly described.
El análisis multivariante para un desarrollo rural sostenible del cantón Guamote, Ecuador
Authors: Chuquimarca Coro Luis Angel
Published: April 2022

En el contexto de las metas del desarrollo sostenible se efectuó el presente estudio que tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil social, económico-productivo, ambiental y político-institucional de los territorios parroquiales del cantón Guamote, desde el enfoque de sostenibilidad. Para ello, en base al muestreo aleatorio simple, se realizó la selección de casos y se aplicó el formulario de encuesta. El análisis de datos, apoyados en técnicas estadísticas como el análisis de correspondencia y el análisis de componentes principales, evidenció la situación precaria de las familias; la degradación del ambiente; la presión de las actividades agrícolas de carácter convencional sobre los ecosistemas rurales; y la debilidad organizativa en cuanto a gobernabilidad democrática en las tres parroquias. Fueron identificadas las principales fortalezas y debilidades en las cuatro dimensiones analizadas, siendo que cada parroquia, según el perfil, tiene su vocación productiva propia. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de reorientar las tendencias socioeconómicas, ambientales y político-institucionales en la senda de la sostenibilidad.
TÜRKİYE’DE HİZMETKÂR LİDERLİKLE İLGİLİ EĞİTİM ALANINDA YAPILMIŞ LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN BETİMSEL ANALİZİ
Authors: TAKTAK Mustafa , BİLGİVAR Orkun Osman
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitim alanında Türkiye’de çalışılmış hizmetkâr liderlikle ilgili lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesidir. Araştırma, 2000-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de hizmetkâr liderlikle ilgili eğitim alanında yapılmış toplam 19 adet lisansüstü tezi kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, Türkiye’de eğitim alanında hizmetkâr liderlikle ilgili 13 farklı üniversitede lisansüstü tez çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmaların tamamı yüksek lisans seviyesinde olup eğitim alanında doktora düzeyinde bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Çalışılan tezlerin 18 tanesinde nicel yöntem ve tarama deseni, 1 tanesinde nitel yöntem ve durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalarda karma yöntem kullanılmamıştır. İncelenen lisansüstü tezlerde 11 farklı hizmetkâr liderlik ölçeği kullanılmış olup bunlardan 2 tanesi ulusal alan yazında geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde; hizmetkâr liderlik ile ilgili eğitim alanında yapılan lisansüstü tezlerde nitel ve karma yöntem kullanılarak yapılan çalışmaların artırılması, doktora düzeyinde çalışma yapılması, hizmetkâr liderliğin Türk eğitim sistemine uygun teorik ve uygulamaya yönelik bir modelinin geliştirmesi önerilmektedir.
STUDY OF AIR CARRYING CAPACITY OF AYODHYA CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Patel Akansha , Singh Sangram , Chaudhary Vinod Kumar
Published: April 2022

In the present study, atmospheric carrying capacity was estimated based on ventilation coefficient. Ventilation coefficient is directly proportional to the atmospheric carrying capacity that was computed by using micrometeorological parameters of two seasons namely winter and summer. The diurnal variation in ventilation coefficient was recorded. The highest value of air carrying capacity was observed during the afternoon hours and it decreases in morning and evening hours in both the seasons. It was noticed that the winter season has low air carrying capacity throughout the day as compared to summer. The value of ventilation coefficient was observed to be less than 2000 2 m /s during morning and evening hours in winter. Whereas, higher ventilation coefficient value 2 lower than 8000 m /s was recorded during the summer season.
Effect of Proportion of Sorbitol and Sucrose with Pectin Concentration to Physicochemical and Sensoric Characteristics of Pedada Jam Gelato (Sonneratia caseolaris)
Authors: Sukma Salsabila Ayu , Jariyah Jariyah
Published: April 2022

Gelato is a frozen dessert that has lower fat and overrun content and higher sugar content than ice cream. Sorbitol can affect the texture of gelato and has lower glycemic index and calories than sucrose. Sucrose provides sweetness without cooling effect therefore it can balance the sweetness of gelato. Pectin can affect the melting speed and produce better stability of product. The addition of pedada fruit jam was to improve aroma, taste and nutrition. This study aimed to determine the effect of  proportion of sorbitol and sucrose with the concentration of pectin on the physicochemical and sensoric properties of pedada jam gelato. The experimental design used was  completely randomized design with two factors. Factor I was the proportion of sorbitol and sucrose (13:2, 12:3, 11:4%) and factor II was the addition of pectin (0.3, 0.5, 0.7%). The analysis parametes were fat content, overrun, melting time, viscosity, total solids, total sugar, soluble fiber, reducing sugar and organoleptic scale scoring test (taste, color, aroma, texture). The best treatment was the proportion of sorbitol and sucrose 11:4% with pectin 0.5% which had fat content 1.77%, overrun 26.97%, melting time 18.07 minutes, total solids 43.19%, viscosity 1577 cP, total sugar 16.68%, soluble fiber 2.16% and reducing sugar 3.63%. The result of the organoleptic scale scoring test showed a taste of 4.32 (sweet), color 3.56 (moderate dark brown), texture 4 (soft), and aroma 3 (moderate pedada fruit aroma).