bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarques sur l’algèbre chez Condillac, de l’ Essai à la Langue des calculs
Authors: de Buzon Frédéric
Published: January 2019

L’algèbre fournit constamment à Condillac un exemple remarquable dans sa conception de la connaissance, en montrant comment les opérations de l’esprit s’orientent vers l’usage des signes, et, réciproquement, comment l’usage des signes permet un développement des opérations. La langue algébrique, « langue bien faite », est l’objet principal du dernier ouvrage que Condillac laisse inachevé, La langue des calculs , qui paraît réunir les résultats de la Logique à ceux de la Grammaire . Le propos de l’article est de montrer en contexte comment Condillac définit l’algèbre et l’analyse et comment l’opération de traduction suppose une théorie de l’identité des propositions vraies (comparable à celle de Leibniz) et une théorie de l’analogie des différents dialectes utilisés en mathématiques.
Calibration of Photoscreeners for Single-Subject, Contact-Induced Hyperopic Anisometropia
Authors: Kovtoun Tatiana A , Arnold Robert W
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: In 1999, the threshold anisometropic hyperopia for photoscreening toddlers and preschoolers was determined to be 1.50 D. We compared crescent size from induced anisometropic hyperopia using three commercially available photoscreeners and compared them with miniature digital video cameras, which have a flash-to-lens dimension similar to two of the three photoscreeners. Photoscreeners were compared with a remote autorefractor.

Methods: Anisometropia was induced by placing several known minus contact lenses (-1.00, -1.50, and -2.00 D) in the nondominant eye of a visually healthy, orthophoric emmetrope older than 3 years. Photographs were taken in light and dim conditions with all three cameras with and without the contact lenses. Corneal diameter, pupil diameter, and crescent location were determined. A protocol for flash initiation, focus, and distance was determined for the digital cameras.

Results: Under light and dim ambient light, no camera yielded a significant hyperopic crescent for emmetropia (no contact lens) or induced 1.0-D anisometropia. We propose a simple measure, "delta center crescent" distance from the center of the pupil to the edge of the crescent. Delta center crescent less than 1.5 mm identified most examples of threshold hyperopic anisometropia. The ideal distance for photoscreening using the digital cameras is approximately 1.6 m, whereas the commercially available photoscreeners focus at 1.0 m.

Conclusions: We have developed a protocol for photoscreening and its interpretation with a miniature digital video camera weighing 400 g and costing approximately $1,000. Threshold anisometropic hyperopia can be determined from digital still or audio-labeled video flash images if the pupils are at least 4 mm.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:150-158.
Congenital Unilateral Adduction Associated With Jaw Movement: A Rare Variant of Trigemino-Oculomotor Synkinesis
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Saroha Vandana
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 21-year-old man had abnormal adducting movements of his left eye on mastication. This suggested an anomalous innervation of the medial rectus muscle from the motor branch of the trigeminal nerve that innervated the external pterygoid muscle. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41: 174-176.
Congenital Corneal Staphyloma Associated With Aphakia
Authors: Mikami Takenori , Hayasaka Seiji , Nagaki Yasunori , Yanagisawa Shuichiro , Futatani Takeshi , Takano Yasuo
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A neonate had a globular mass bulging through the eyelids of the left eye. Computed tomography revealed a large ectatic corneal lesion and the absence of a lens. The enucleated globe revealed that the posterior surface of the ectatic cornea was lined by iris tissue, indicating corneal staphyloma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:180-182.
Improvement of Horizontal Excursion and Abduction by Vertical Muscle Transposition in Patients With Duane's Retraction Syndrome Type I
Authors: Sterk Caesar C , van Hulst-Ginjaar Saskia P A , den Berg Marietta Swart-van
Published: January 2019

Purpose: To measure the change in horizontal excursion and improvement of abduction in Duane's retraction syndrome type I after transposition of both vertical rectus muscles and recession of the medial rectus muscle in the affected eye.

Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for Duane's retraction syndrome type I. Thirty-six patients were treated by transposition of both vertical rectus muscles in combination with medial rectus recession of the affected eye. Head posture, binocular vision, abduction and adduction of the affected eye, and angle of strabismus were measured before and after surgery.

Results: After surgery, abduction improved by 15.9° ± 8.1° (mean ± standard deviation) and adduction decreased by 5.9° ± 7.2°. Horizontal excursion improved from 43.1° ± 8.8° to 53.1° ± 11.8°. One patient had signs of anterior segment ischemia (ie, enlarged, fixed oval pupil and cells in the anterior chamber), which disappeared after local steroid eye drops were administered.

Conclusions: Surgery enlarges the range of horizontal excursion of the affected eye and causes only a limited decrease in adduction. One patient developed transient anterior segment ischemia. Vertical muscle transposition combined with medial rectus recession is an effective procedure to improve horizontal excursion and abduction in patients with Duane's retraction syndrome type I.
Use of the Aphakic Refraction in Intraocular Lens (IOL) Power Calculations for Secondary IOLs in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hug Timothy
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Calculating the power of a secondary intraocular lens (IOL) requires axial lengths and keratometry measurements. In children, these measurements often need to be done under either sedation at the time of surgery or additional sedation. We devised a method of calculating IOL power using only the aphakic refraction and a standard keratometry value.

Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included children undergoing a secondary IOL procedure who had IOL calculations based on either a measured axial length and a measured keratometry value (with sedation if needed) or a calculated axial length and a standard keratometry value. Comparison of predicted postoperative refraction with actual postoperative refraction was used to evaluate each method.

Results: The mean difference between predicted and actual postoperative refractions was 2.34 D for the group with actual measurements and 2.50 D for the group with the calculated value method.

Conclusion: The use of the aphakic refraction to calculate axial length and a standard keratometry value provides an alternative for secondary IOL calculations in pediatric patients when ultrasonic or nonsedated ultrasonic axial length measurements are not an option.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:209-211.
Visual Function in Young Adults Following Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Authors: Martin Lene , Ley David , Marsal Karel , Hellström Ann
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) resulting in infants born small for gestational age is a known risk factor for neurologic deficits and may predispose to poor cognitive development later in life. We recently found an association between IUGR and a reduced neuroretinal rim area at 18 years of age. We evaluated the possible association between IUGR and visual function.

Subjects and Methods: We studied 26 subjects who had been born small for gestational age and 20 subjects whose birth weights were appropriate for gestational age (controls) using letter acuity thresholds, color vision testing, full-threshold frequency doubling technology perimetry, and rarebit perimetry at 18 years of age.

Results: Eight of the subjects who were small for gestational age had a rarebit hit rate below the normal range as compared with none of the controls (P = .006). These 8 subjects had a significantly smaller rim-disc ratio compared with the subjects who were small for gestational age who had a normal rarebit hit rate (P = .047). The frequency doubling technology indices did not differ significantly between the control group and the group that was small for gestational age, nor did the visual acuity, refraction, and color vision test results.

Conclusion: These data indicate that IUGR is associated with an increased rate of impaired visual function, which can be detected by using rarebit perimetry but not frequency doubling technology perimetry, visual acuity, or color vision tests.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:212-218.
Bilateral Persistent Fetal Vasculature Associated With Holoprosencephaly
Authors: McPherson Maria , Jokl Danny H-Kauffmann , Almeda Emmanuel E
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 3.26-kg neonate with a gestational age of 40 weeks presented with episodic hypothermia and seizures, but stable vital signs. Semilobar holoprosencephaly was seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Ocular examination revealed bilateral persistent fetal vasculature. As genetic testing was not contributory, toxic intrauterine environmental insulin causing neurologic maldevelopment was the presumed etiology. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:236-237.
Symmetrical Bilateral Lens Colobomas in Two Brothers
Authors: Aggarwal Ashim , El-Bash Abdel-Rahman , Inker Steven , Musarella Maria A.
Published: January 2019

True lens coloboma is a rare developmental disorder usually caused by missing lens zonules in the equatorial area of the lens. Bilateral cases are rare. We report bilateral superonasal lens colobomas in two brothers whose parents are first cousins.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:302–304.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Children: Analysis of 44 Eyes With Intraocular Tumors and Simulating Conditions
Authors: Shields Carol L. , Mashayekhi Arman , Luo Caesar Kyle , Materin Miguel A. , Shields Jerry A.
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

To investigate the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of fundus tumors and simulating lesions in children.

Patients and Methods:

We report the results of a retrospective single-center case series of 44 eyes of 44 children younger than age 18 with fundus lesions who were evaluated with OCT. In comparison, 12 eyes of 12 children with a normal macula were evaluated with OCT. Main outcome measures were cooperation of children while undergoing OCT and correlation of OCT findings with clinical and ultrasonographic findings

Results:

The OCT was performed without difficulty in all 56 children. Mean patient age was 12 years (median, 12 years; range, 4 to 17 years). The mean horizontal foveal thickness in the 12 normal eyes was 137 µm (median, 132 µm; range, 109 to 185 µm). Clinical diagnoses included retinoblastoma in 10 (23%) eyes, Coats’ disease in 4 (9%) eyes, retinal capillary hemangioma in 3 (7%) eyes, astrocytic hamartoma of the retina in 3 (7%) eyes, toxocara granuloma in 2 (5%) eyes, and others. OCT was more sensitive than clinical examination in detection of macular pathology including shallow posterior vitreous detachment, surface wrinkling maculopathy, cystoid and noncystoid macular edema, subfoveal fluid, and retinal thinning. In comparison to ultrasonography, OCT was more sensitive in detection of surface wrinkling maculopathy, macular edema, and subfoveal fluid. Ultrasonography was more sensitive in detection of posterior vitreous detachment.

Conclusions:

OCT is a useful and well-tolerated diagnostic modality for macular evaluation in children. It is more sensitive than clinical examination and ultrasonography in the detection of surface wrinkling maculopathy, macular edema, and subfoveal fluid.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:338–344.
A Novel Missense Norrie Disease Mutation Associated With a Severe Ocular Phenotype
Authors: Khan Arif O. , Shamsi Farrukh A. , Al-Saif Amr , Kambouris Marios
Published: January 2019

Clinical findings and pedigree analysis led to the diagnosis of severe Norrie disease in two brothers. DNA sequencing demonstrated a novel missense mutation (703G>T) that significantly alters predicted protein structure. Less severe retinal developmental disease may be associated with milder mutations in the Norrie disease gene.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2004;41:361–363.
Building Physics and Building Simulation: An Integrated Approach to Educational Programs
Authors: Gasparella Andrea
Published: January 2019

To fill the gap between the students’ knowledge of building physics, their comprehension of the different phenomena, and their capability of deploying building simulation with simulation tools, an integrated teaching approach for a course in a MS program in Energy Engineering has been adopted and tested for five years. In approximately 90 hours, the fundamentals of building physics are presented, starting from the thermodynamic balance of the indoor air volume, moving to the analysis of unsteady state thermal conduction in the envelope components, and to the convection and long wave radiation interactions at the external and internal surfaces, to conclude with the internal gains and the solar radiation. For each of the listed items, the students are first introduced to the topic with an exhaustive overview, then the main controlling equations are derived, their numerical or analytical solution analyzed, to conclude with a step-by-step implementation of a detailed solution, in a general productivity spreadsheet. At the end of the course, the spreadsheet has become a comprehensive simulation tool that, despite the limitations in computational efficiency, can favorably compare to the most diffuse tools available on the market, in terms of both detail and results, while allowing the students an insight into the physics and simulation of buildings thermal performance.
Thermal Performance of Konrad Frey’s Prefabricated Low-Cost Loft House - A Case Study of a Pioneering Instance of Sustainable Architecture
Authors: Schuss Matthias , Taheri Mahnameh , Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

This contribution presents an ongoing research effort addressing the performance assessment of a number of buildings planned by the Austrian architect Konrad Frey, who is considered to be one of the pioneers of sustainable architecture in Austria. A number of his buildings, planned in the 1970s, consequently integrated principles of modern solar houses. Relevant key projects are subject of an on-going research project. Thereby numeric building simulation was deployed to assess the energy performance of the buildings. In this contribution, we present the intermediate results of a study that focused on one of his latest buildings, namely the prefabricated low-cost loft house. As opposed to architect’s rather complex early designs the loft house concept targeted inexpensive solutions and used simple and commonly available building components and systems. As part of the overall project, the thermal performance of this building was evaluated in terms of the effectiveness of passive cooling via various ventilation schemes (including night time ventilation).
Usability and Usefulness of Non-Conventional Building Performance Simulation Tools in Architectural Design Processes
Authors: Bazafkan Ehsan , Pont Ulrich , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Simulation tools have been suggested to have the potential to support the design of high-performance buildings. However, sophisticated simulation environments are frequently utilized in the later stages of building planning. This might be due, in part, to the lack of sufficient and reliable input data during the early stages of design. Moreover, advanced tools appear to be geared toward consultants and specialists (expert users) rather than primary building designers. In recent years, tools in the CAD and BIM areas have introduced new features for parametric design and interfaces to different calculation and simulation engines. If properly deployed, such tools could offer effective early-design performance evaluation support, for instance via pre-rationalization of building forms and morphologies. Surprisingly, few studies have assessed the usefulness and usability of these new opportunities. In this context, the present contribution documents the background, method, and results of a tool potential assessment study regarding two specific environments, namely Ladybug and Honeybee. These are plugins for the parametrization environment grasshopper. The outcome of this effort provides not only a specific snapshot of the standing of these tools in the context of realistic performance assessment scenarios, but provides also a detailed framework for future critical evaluation of the usability and usefulness of computational solutions for early stage design optimization.
Recent Progress in the EVA Project: Evaluation of Visionary Architectural Concepts – State of the Art
Authors: Sommer Bernhard , Pont Ulrich , Moncayo Galo , Sandor Viktoria , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

This contribution reports on the progress in the EVA project. This project was started in 2017 based on past experiences made in the framework of workshops and design studios at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna. Within these workshops different concepts toward energy-active and reactive architectural concepts was conceived and realized into scale models. The major design goal was to provide a built structure that is not only energy efficient, but also comfortable for occupants, and can display dynamic behavior in response to stimuli from the surroundings and the occupants. To construct the designs into scale models, different supportive tools and techniques were deployed, such as numeric thermal building simulation, parametric design programming, electronic control loops and mechatronic systems. Moreover, the different designs and concepts were inspired by a wide range of ressources, such as biology, bionics, natural phenomena, and traditional architectural concepts. Partly, these concepts (e.g. the photosynthesis of algae plants) were integrated in the scale models. As such, the workshops and design studios could be considered a success. New, challenging, and exciting designs were developed, and engineered in terms of scale models. However, the proof of concept in terms of real life implementation is missing. This gap will be bridged by the EVA project, which targets the evaluation of different concepts and the realization of the most promising project as a fully functional full scale mock-up. Needless to say, the level of complexity increases by the scale: Aspects of structural and dynamic stability have to be considered, mechatronic elements have to be constructed, and intelligent and reliable building control modi have to be implemented.This paper describes the first phase of this project, which is the collection, description, and structured evaluation of a number of design studies from the past years. Thereby, it was decided not only to assess projects that were designed in the framework of the University of Applied Arts, but to investigate similar design studies from professional and academic backgrounds worldwide The contribution concludes with an outlook of the project’s next steps.
Assessing Facility Maintenance Models for Data Centres: Status and Deficits of Current Facility Management and Maintenance Concepts
Authors: Bieser Jürgen , Menzel Karsten
Published: January 2019

According to studies conducted by Information Technology (IT) analysts, the average cost per minute of IT equipment downtime is about $7,900, depending on the sector the company is active in. The average reported incident length is 86 minutes, resulting in average costs per incident of approximately $690,200 . This illustrates that failure in the operation and maintenance of Data Centre (DC) infrastructure has enormous impacts and consequences. Facility Management (FM) in data centres requires a broad and clear understanding of procedures and processes to avoid human errors and to ensure an economic and reliable operation of the clients’ primary activities. In the DC-industry, availability is the most important factor followed by economical aspects. Therefore, both research and implementation of stable processes with an optimal number of interfaces between IT related functions and FM are necessary to increase the effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, this paper explains the settings of current FM and maintenance concepts used by the DC-industry. Furthermore, the need for a more innovative approach to ensure an economic and reliable operation of DC in the future is introduced. A special emphasis is on a review of the current status and deficits of facility maintenance und management concepts for DC providing direction for future research. It seems that maintenance has developed from an operational, technically-based activity to a strategically important management function.
Approaches to Urban Weather Modeling: A Vienna Case Study
Authors: Hammerberg Kristopher , Vuckovic Milena , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2019

Given the adverse implications of both urbanization and global climate change for cities, specifically regarding issues such as human health and comfort, local air quality, and increased summertime energy use in buildings, it is becoming imperative to develop models that can accurately predict the complex and nonlinear interactions between the surrounding urban fabric and local climatic context. Over the past years, a number of comprehensive tools have been widely applied for the generation of near-surface urban climatic information. In this paper, we report on the potential of two alternative approaches to urban climate modeling. Specifically, we compare the climatic output generated with Urban Weather Generator (UWG) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF model has been widely applied due to its capability of downscaling global weather data to finer resolutions, thus representing the location-specific microclimatic information, while considering the interactions with the surrounding urban and regional context. However, this approach is computationally intensive. The UWG was recently introduced as a simpler alternative to such complex models. The tool morphs rural weather data to represent urban conditions given a set of location-specific morphological parameters. In the present paper, WRF and UWG methods were compared based on empirical data pertaining to air temperature, wind speed, and humidity, collected from 12 locations in the city of Vienna, Austria, over 5 distinct time periods. In general, our results suggest that, as compared to the WRF model, the UWG model results are closer to monitored data. However, during the extreme conditions in summer, the WRF model was found to perform better. It was further noted that the discrepancy between the two models increases with decreasing temperatures, thus revealing a higher offset between UWG and WRF output during the winter period.
Initial Results of Monitoring the Temperature on the Facade of Office Building
Authors: Juras Peter , Ponechal Radoslav , Štaffenová Daniela
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with creating of the unique measurement units on the building façade, which enable the possibility to conduct a full-scale measurement of the outdoor climate parameters around the building. The façade of the Research center building, which is a part of University of Zilina campus, is equipped with 36 weather stations to measure the outdoor climate conditions and impact of the building on the approaching wind flow, air temperature distribution, solar radiance impact on the façade etc.In this article, the change of temperatures within the time and place on the facade (sides, position, time), is monitored. This takes into account the surroundings of the building and the temperature on the façade and comparison to the measured “basic” air temperature.
Principal Solutions for Sustainable Adaptive Facades Providing Suitable Indoor Environment for Inhabitants
Authors: Hartman Peter , Čeheľová Dagmara , Bielek Boris
Published: January 2019

Façade as a part of building envelope represents its dominant portion. The initial function of façade was to ensure safety for inhabitants against weather and animals. Growing interest in increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, caused mainly by oil crisis in the 70s, led to the development of scientific area, actually known as building physics. The goal established in the start was to design architectural, structural and material solutions that would lead to the reduction of building`s energy consumption coming from heating. The principle was to properly insulate the whole envelope avoiding thermal bridges and utilization of selected thermal insulating windows and doors. The trend of material development for thermal insulation composite systems is soaring, same as demands of society. What was in the past the main desire, reducing the energy consumption for heating, is now reflected in even higher requirements such as energy consumption for cooling. Minimizing thermal bridges and tightness of fenestration on the one side leads to savings on heating, but on the other hand, the heat coming mainly from sunlight, electric equipment, people and other resources is necessary to cover with enough cooling. Applying of reflexive glazing represents frequently used passive solution but also causes lack of natural daylight leads to higher energy consumption for artificial light despite large transparent walls. Energy savings made from reduction of air changes requires mechanical ventilation systems with the necessary of air treatment also consuming energy and in addition also requires regular maintenance. Modern solutions are based on adaptive façade which is capable to react on random meteorological changes to ensure reduction of energy flows through the façade. The paper discusses various conceptual solutions providing architectural intelligent and energy-friendly designs. Particular ideas offers protection against overheating, but same time allows penetrating natural daylight enough during all seasons. Elements of dynamic photovoltaic panels, aesthetically and effectively built-in façade, provide in addition to significant architectural look and also represent available source of pure energy supporting sustainable architecture.
Evaluation of Indoor Daylight Focused on the Human Circadian System
Authors: Hartman Peter , Maňková Lucia , Hanuliak Peter , Hraška Jozef
Published: January 2019

The circadian phototransduction issue caused strong interest at the beginning of the new millennium, while the research of non-visual influence of light is predominantly developing in medicine field of science. The outputs confirmed hypothesis that human habits are strongly related with ambient light conditions and disruption of natural light conditions may result in complex of health diseases with negative consequences. Actual effort for minimizing energy demands of buildings is very important for sustainable architecture, but the aspect of “circadian-friendly” design should not be neglected, even though it is not entirely investigated yet. The growth of building envelope´s thickness, as an example, causes noticeable drop of amount of penetrating daylight with the same dimensions of fenestrations. The paper presents an overview of evaluation methods of circadian effect of light on human including available actual calculation equations and standards, providing certain principles to design indoor spaces intended for long term occupation. The aim is to extend the knowledge focused on suggestion of internal surfaces, glazing and active shading systems into building physics and architectural design with a possibility to achieve a control by system of intelligent building
Evaluative Case Study in Lightweight Wooden Wall Research
Authors: Štaffenová Daniela , Ďurica Pavol , Juras Peter , Rybárik Ján
Published: January 2019

This presented article deals with two newly designed experimental walls with different measuring sections (5 for each lightweight wooden wall). All fragments meet the standards required for zero and energy-plus buildings, which would be mandatory in Slovakia from the year 2020. The experimental walls are located in central Europe (town Zilina, Slovakia). Description of individual test sections, the measuring technology, data collection, interior technical equipment and outdoor boundary conditions monitoring are introduced. In the future, the experimental research should progressively combine theoretical calculations with real measurement and computer HAM simulation. In this paper, the focus is aimed to the temperature profiles in wall fragments during seven days chosen from the spring period in the year 2017. The results were graphically presented and evaluated from a point of view of continuous temperature measurement in the structure, exterior boundary conditions, wall orientation and surface character (material, color). Also further intensions of research are drawn.
Experimental Quantification of Air Permeability of Building Envelope with Installed Controlled Ventilation System - Case Study
Authors: Bielek Boris , Szabó Daniel
Published: January 2019

To meet the increasingly stringent requirements of standard energy consumption and thus reducing operating costs of buildings, it is necessary to use energy-saving elements of technical equipment and eliminate heat loss through the building envelope. The biggest losses are caused by heat transmission and ventilation in the form of uncontrolled air infiltration through the building envelope. Their elimination can be achieved by improving the thermal technical quantification of building envelope and increase its airtightness. Determination of air permeability as a measure of quality building envelope is possible using the method of measuring devices Blower-Door test. Any defects can be detected by detection tools, then propose a suitable method for their removal and thus prevent unwanted unregulated air infiltration into the interior. On the other hand, are opposed to the health requirements required air exchange in the room, which is a significant reason for the transformation of this mode of ventilation by uncontrolled air infiltration to a controllable ventilation system. The subject of the paper is in-situ measurement of air permeability of specific apartment envelope by Blower-Door test method and comparison the efficacy of the installed controlled ventilation system and hygiene requirements of the ventilation intensity for residential buildings. Laboratory verification of façade ventilation unit parameters in big pressure chamber - measurement of inlet ventilation flap airflows at variable pressure differences. Methodology for the measurement by Blower-Door test method to determine the air permeability of building envelope structures and functionality of controlled ventilation system was based on a series of 10 measurements in 5 regimes. The overall air permeability of the building envelope or its integrated part may be verified using the total air exchange rate n50 at 50 Pa pressure difference, determined experimentally according to STN EN 13829. Comparison of measured values with standard values recommended by some European countries with a similar climate with sealed and with unsealed ventilation flaps, which can determine the impact on the overall airtightness of the building envelope. Calculation of total hygiene required air exchange rate of the apartment and its comparison with actual measured values by Blower-Door test method.
Calibration of Thermal Analysis Models and Thermal Sensors in a Homogeneous Building Enclosure
Authors: Gil Enrique , Lerma Carlos , Llop Sara , Mas Ángeles , Vercher Jose
Published: January 2019

A low-cost data acquisition system that records information with K-type temperature probes and Dallas thermometers has been designed to carry out this research. For this, both the software and the hardware have been designed. A specimen was conducted for the thermal analysis of a homogeneous prism of a building wall. Environmental conditions have been controlled in laboratory. Four of the prism faces are thermally insulated with nearly adiabatic conditions. A source of heat is placed on one of the two uninsulated faces of the prism. This induces a temperature gradient in the wall. A sufficient set of thermometers is introduced into the prism to control the temperature gradient. The data acquisition system consists of Arduino-based controllers. The temperature at each moment can be accurately controlled with them. The data generated are saved in a file for later analysis, and to publish them on a web page is possible for real-time queries. These data allow to validate the finite element simulation model which has been carried out for this specimen. Thus, the results of the specimen have been compared with the data obtained from the model, and this allows to extrapolate the model for the thermal analysis of other façades.
Influence of High Temperatures on Concrete Pillars Confined with CFRP
Authors: Biosca Juan , Fabra Gabriel , Vercher Jose , Soriano Maria , Lopez Gracia , Tormo Santiago
Published: January 2019

Concrete is a quite recent material in the history of architecture. However, there are a large number of buildings whose structure consists on this material nowadays. Despite its excellent performance, concrete has a useful lifetime. When this time comes to its end, the structural element needs to be treated, repaired or replaced. We are getting to the point at which many of the concrete constructions are reaching, or already surpassing, the useful lifetime of the material. At this point, the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) takes on importance, appearing on the market as a modern and high performance tool, in terms of structural reinforcement of the concrete. Nevertheless, this relatively new system presents yet some aspects to study and research, such as its long-term behaviour under extreme conditions. This is the departure point of our research, focused on the response of the CFRP system, both fiber and matrix, to adverse temperature conditions. This high and maintained temperature can be reached in places such as structures undergone to large periods of solar radiation around Equator latitudes, machinery installations enclosures which generate high temperatures focused on specific points, and brief small fires, among other situations, which surpass the maximum service temperature recommended by the manufacturers. In order to study this influence, a comparison of the compressive strengths of three groups of standard concrete test specimens has been carried out. Each group consisted of three cylindrical specimens, all manufactured on the same date. The first two groups were tested after their 28 day curing in chamber: one of them without any confinement and the other with CFRP sheet applied according to the manufacturer's specifications. The third group of specimens spent 90 days on a climatic chamber subjected to a temperature of 75°C, above the maximum temperature recommended by the manufacturer, 50°C. This third group was tested 388 days after their manufacture. In order to obtain a reliable basis on which to compare the effective strength provided by the deteriorated CFRP, it was needed to calculate the acquisition of theoretical strength that the concrete would have reached after the mentioned period of time without any added reinforcement. With all the results, it is possible to conclude that, after this period of heat attack, despite having produced an aesthetic degradation of the CFRP sheets, most of the compressive strength of the specimens remains.
Efficiency Increase of Solar Heated Buildings by Thermal Activation of Construction Elements
Authors: Lerch Werner , Heimrath Richard , Heinz Andreas , Mach Thomas , Fink Christian , Ramschak Thomas
Published: January 2019

The Austrian project “solSPONGEhigh” [1] examines the use of thermal activation of building components in order to increase the solar fraction of the heat demand of buildings. The aim of the project is to evaluate, under which conditions a high solar fraction of a single family house (low energy building) can be achieved with solar technologies (PV and solar thermal, in this paper the focus is on solar thermal). Different heat supply systems based on solar thermal energy (basic or complex supply systems) have been defined. The systems were modeled in the simulation environment TRNSYS [2], analyzed concerning their system behavior and further developed. The investigated systems range from classical monovalent heat supply systems, systems combined with solar thermal up to complex integrated hydraulic solutions. The heating of the building via concrete core activation was compared with a conventional underfloor heating system. A detailed analysis of the dynamic system and building simulation results shows that the system efficiency can be significantly increased, if solar heat is used to charge the storage capacity of the building structure directly. A further advantage when activating the building structure (primarily concrete) is the less rapidly changing room air temperature with strongly fluctuating environmental conditions.
A Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis Panel to Assess CD163 mRNA and Protein in Monocyte and Macrophage Populations in Hyperinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Thornton Sherry , Tan Rachel , Sproles Alyssa , Do Thuy , Schick Jonathan , Grom Alexei A. , DeLay Monica , Schulert Grant S.
Published: January 2019

CD163 facilitates regulation and resolution of inflammation and removal of free hemoglobin and is highly expressed in myeloid cells from patients with inflammatory disorders, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Our recent studies indicate that regulation of CD163 mRNA expression is a key functional property of polarized monocytes and macrophages and is mediated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level, including via microRNAs. The goal of the current study is to develop a multiparameter flow cytometry panel incorporating detection of CD163 mRNA for polarized monocyte and macrophage populations in disorders such as SJIA and MAS. THP-1 cells and CD14+ human monocytes were stained using fluorochrome-conjugated Abs to myeloid surface markers, along with CD163 mRNA. Staining for mRNA could reliably detect CD163 expression while simultaneously detecting different macrophage populations using Abs targeting CD14, CD64, CD80, CD163, and CD209. This approach was found to be highly sensitive for increased mRNA expression when macrophages were polarized with IL-10 [M(IL-10)], with a strong signal over a broad range of IL-10 concentrations, and showed distinct kinetics of CD163 mRNA and protein induction upon IL-10 stimulation. Finally, this panel demonstrated clear changes in polarization markers in unstimulated monocytes from patients with SJIA and MAS, including upregulated CD163 mRNA and increased CD64 expression. This approach represents a robust and sensitive system for RNA flow cytometry, useful for studying CD163 expression as part of a multimarker panel for human monocytes and macrophages, with broad applicability to the pathogenesis of hyperinflammatory diseases.
Canonical analysis of climatic factors associated with the quality characteristics of drinking water of a city in São Paulo State
Authors: Rodrigues Sérgio Augusto , Oliveira Paulo André de , Cervi Ricardo Ghantous , Trevizan Lilian Cristina , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: January 2019

Several factors may contribute to changes in monitoring parameters of drinking water quality, especially climatic characteristics. Behavioral studies of these characteristics are relevant to the rational and sustainable use of water resources and better monitoring of the quality of water available for the population. To assess the association between water quality and climate, this research explored physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics considered important for the monitoring of water quality, analyzed in casual samples collected daily from the distribution system of a city, and considered monthly data of climatic characteristics from 2007 to 2011. The associations between these two sets of variables were assessed by the multivariate procedure of the canonical correlation analysis. The results indicate a positive correlation between the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of climatic variables and the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of water quality variables.
Теорема Адамара для отображений с ослабленными условиями гладкости
Authors: Arutyunov Aram Vladimirovich , Zhukovskiy Sergey Evgenevich
Published: January 2019

В работе получены достаточные условия глобальной гомеоморфности отображений пространства $\mathbb{R}^n$ в себя. В качестве приложений получены теорема Адамара для дифференцируемых отображений и условия существования и единственности точки совпадения накрывающего и липшицева отображений, действующих в $\mathbb{R}^n$. Исследованы накрывающие и накрывающие в точке отображения метрических пространств.
Библиография: 23 названия.
О мере включения в относительно свободных алгебрах с тождеством лиевой нильпотентности степени 3 и 4
Authors: Grishin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: January 2019

В работе используется понятие градуированного подпространства полилинейной части относительно свободной алгебры, а также меры включения такого подпространства. Рассматриваются также и другие асимптотические характеристики. Для относительно свободных алгебр с тождеством лиевой нильпотентности степени 3 и 4 вычисляется мера включения для многих подпространств. В частности, для центра и для $T$-пространства, порожденного коммутатором, она равна $1/2$.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Тауберовы оценки класса для векторнозначных обобщенных функций
Authors: Pilipovic Stevan Rade , Vindas Jasson
Published: January 2019

Изучаются тауберовы свойства регуляризующих преобразований векторнозначных обобщенных функций медленного роста, а именно преобразований вида $M^{\mathbf{f}}_{\varphi}(x,y)=(\mathbf{f}\ast\varphi_{y})(x)$, где ядро $\varphi$ является основной функцией и $\varphi_{y}( \cdot )=y^{-n}\varphi( \cdot /y)$. Исследуются условия, при которых обобщенная функция, априори принимающая значения в локально выпуклом пространстве, в действительности принимает значения в более узком, банаховом пространстве. Цель настоящей статьи состоит в характеризации пространств обобщенных функций медленного роста со значениями в банаховом пространстве в терминах так называемых оценок класса для преобразования $M^{\mathbf{f}}_{\varphi}(x,y)$. Результаты работы обобщают и уточняют ранее полученные тауберовы теоремы Ю. Н. Дрожжинова и Б. И. Завьялова. Особое внимание уделяется нахождению оптимального класса ядер $\varphi$, для которого справедливы эти тауберовы результаты.
Библиография: 24 названия.
Reformas nos sistemas de saúde Alemão, Francês e Britânico
Authors: Ferreira Mariana Ribeiro Jansen , Mendes Áquilas Nogueira
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Mapear as reformas dos sistemas de saúde da Alemanha, França e Reino Unido, ao longo do período 1980, 1990 e 2000, bem como apresentar as modificações recentes por meio da crise econômica de 2008/2009.Métodos: Trata-se de artigo original e ancora-se na abordagem do método da economia política através da descrição histórica dos processos de mudanças na mercantilização dos sistemas de saúde, com caráter qualitativo. Para a realização do exame da série de alterações dos sistemas de saúde, utiliza-se uma análise comparativa nos aspectos: mecanismos de contenção de custos; instrumentos de mercantilização; descentralização na gestão e alocação de recursos; regulamentação; financiamento; e cobertura. Resultados: Ao longo das décadas analisadas, os três sistemas de saúde experimentaram reformas que envolveram: novas formas de financiamento; ampliação de co-pagamentos, de seguros privados, de parcerias público-privadas, de terceirização de serviços auxiliares, atendimentos de pacientes privados na rede pública; incorporação do setor privado na oferta de serviços; gestão privada de instituições públicas; aumento da concorrência entre prestadores de serviços públicos e pagamento por resultados nos hospitais. Conclusão: As reformas geraram sistemas mais mercantilizados preocupados com os custos, mas em que a demanda social exigiu ampliação de cobertura com crescente uso de recursos fiscais para seu financiamento.
sistemas universais para a América Latina: jovens e antigas inovações nos serviços de saúde
Authors: Conill Eleonor Minho
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: O trabalho discute a necessidade de se equilibrar “antigas e jovens” inovações na construção de sistemas de saúde. Síntese dos dados: Descrição da trajetória dos sistemas contemporâneos com análise das reformas feitas no Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Espanha e Portugal. Cinco momentos foram identificados: expansão dos serviços, reformas “democrático-racionalizadoras”, ajustes neoliberais, reformas pró-coordenação, novos ajustes e proposta de cobertura universal para países de média e baixa renda. No Chile e na Colômbia houve a introdução explícita de seguros privados, no Brasil a implementação de um sistema público integrado sob financiamento fiscal. Nos três países a segmentação e a fragmentação dos serviços ainda predominam, com uma complexa composição de serviços públicos e privados. Portugal e Espanha implementaram sistemas nacionais que integram “antigas e jovens inovações”, cuja macroeficiência tem sido demonstrada. Conclusão: Na América Latina, propostas de universalização da cobertura sem mudanças no modelo assistencial trazem riscos de um aumento desregulado de consumo sem correspondência com as necessidades de saúde da população. O conhecimento e o debate a partir das experiências acumuladas no Brasil e nos países ibéricos podem contribuir para o enfrentamento desses desafios.
The Face of Selective Internment and the Impact of Other Wartime Restrictions
Authors: Elizabeth Mary , Chopas Basile
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2 provides a social profile of the 343 Italian civilian internees. Persons who held leadership roles in their communities or possessed special knowledge that could be used against the United States were most feared by the government. This chapter traces the debate among President Roosevelt and his advisors, the War Department, the Justice Department, and legislative committees about whether to evacuate the entire population of Italian aliens from military areas. Italian American politicians and prominent members of the Italian community testified to the loyalty of their community toward the United States. Finally, this chapter shows the distinct variation in the military defense commands’ interpretation of Executive Order 9066 regarding the protection of military areas and policies of individual exclusion and restrictions upon enemy aliens, and explains the factors that resulted in stricter restrictions in the Western Defense Command as compared to those in the Eastern Defense Command.
The Struggle for Justice in the Internment Process
Authors: Elizabeth Mary , Chopas Basile
Published: January 2019

Chapter 3 examines the alien enemy hearings, exploring the question of what process is due enemy aliens through legal constitutional theories concerning aliens’ rights. After comparing the alien enemy hearings to deportation proceedings, this chapter documents debates over what constitutional rights under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments endure in wartime and their applicability to the form of procedure afforded enemy aliens. Through discussion of case files, this chapter follows several interned Italians from their arrest, through their hearings and course of internment. For most internees, the Justice Department’s attempts, under the direction of Attorney General Francis Biddle, to infuse greater due process into the system came too late to save internees from feeling despondent over not being able to prove their innocence and potential to be good American citizens.