bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice jam flood risks on the rivers of the Baikal Basin
Authors: Borisova Tatyana
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of analysis and assessment of risks related to ice jams on the rivers of the Baikal Lake Basin. It also proposes the recommendations for mitigation and rational development of coastal areas. Data on catastrophic ice jam floods for more than 100 years is presented, the factors of their formation and mechanism of their movement are considered. On the basis of official statistics from expedition surveys, potentially dangerous jamming areas have been identified, and the repeatability and extent of floods have been calculated. With the help of ArcGIS package the scale of possible flooding was determined, which allowed to reveal the list of economic objects within the damage area. Specific indicators have been used to calculate the expected damage to territories, facilities and population from the flood hazard. Analysis and assessment of economic risk from the floods on the Selenga River are given. Measures to minimize risks of negative impact of floods are proposed.
Low-density debris flows and floods modeling in the Susuya river basin
Authors: Kurovskaia Viktoriia , Vinogradova Tatyana , Vasiakina Anastasiia
Published: April 2020

Significant area of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city within the river Susuya flood plain, a terrace above it and its tributaries are located in flood prone zone. The aim of this research was to estimate maximum characteristics of flash floods and low-density debris flows for the Susuya river and its tributaries, the Rogatka and Vladimirovka rivers. A one-dimensional model of unsteady water movement based on Saint-Venan equations was used. The modeling of river maximum characteristics include following tasks: 1) collect and analyze the data of past dangerous events, 2) process the initial information for the model, 3) simulate discharges of 0.1-10% exceeding probabilities with a change in the hydraulic-morphometric characteristics of the objects. The model does not take into account flow density, therefore numerical experiments were conducted with the increasing coefficient of roughness to identify optimal values of the parameter. The results can be further used in the construction design of residential buildings and infrastructure in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
Use of classification algorithms for the ice jams forecasting problem
Authors: Semenova Natalia , Sazonov Alexey , Krylenko Inna , Frolova Natalia
Published: April 2020

In the research the prediction of occurrence of ice jam based on the K Nearest Neighbor method was considered by example of the city of Velikiy Ustyug, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. A forecast accuracy of 82% was achieved based on selected most significant hydrological and meteorological features.
Development of monitoring of water bodies ecological status by the example of small lakes in the North-western Ladoga region
Authors: Dmitriev Vasiliy , Sedova Svetlana , Plenkina Anastasiia , Khomiakova Viktoriia , Avdeevich Diana , Ladanova Valeriia , Ukis Andrei , Paniutin Nikolai
Published: April 2020

By the example of the Suuri Lake (0.37 km2) situated in the North-Western Ladoga region, modern aspects of monitoring the ecological state of water bodies are generalized, including 1) assessment of the rates of mass transfer processes in water ecosystems and the factors affecting them; 2) assessment of the integrated properties of water bodies and their ecosystems based on hierarchical schemes summarizing information about the state of subsystems and their properties in the form of composite indices. The results of the study in 2019 are visualized. Quantitative estimates of the chemical and biological composition and physical properties of the aquatic ecosystem, mass transfer rates, factors influencing them are obtained; the values of the integral indicators for the subsystem and their properties (productivity, water quality, stability) and the integral indicators of the systems and their integrative properties as a whole (ecological status, ecological wellbeing) are estimated. The temporal dynamics of the processes, component composition and complex properties of the aquatic ecosystem are investigated.
Influence of St. Petersburg urban rivers on the inflow of pollutants into the Baltic Sea
Authors: Klubov Stepan , Tretyakov Victor
Published: April 2020

The results of the calculation of the inflow of pollutants into the Gulf of Finland with the outflow from Saint Petersburg watercourses are considered. Data of regular hydrochemical observations by State Unitary Enterprise “Vodokanal of Saint Petersburg” for 2018 were used for the calculation. The contribution of the megalopolis of Saint Petersburg to change of the pollutants inflow is estimated.
Analysis of the total phosphorus runoff in the Neva River
Authors: Shelutko Vladislav , Govor Alla , Alexeev Denis
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the problems of water quality assessment taking into account the features of hydrochemical information. The analysis of dynamics of total phosphorus into the Neva River runoff from 1978 to 2017 is presented.
Issues of accounting for outliers in assessing of the nutrients runoff
Authors: Shelutko Vladislav , Makarova Maria
Published: April 2020

The research work is devoted to the analysis of the highest values of nutrient concentrations in the runoff in the Velikaya River for the period 1969–2009. According to the results of the study, when assessing the numerical characteristics of river water pollution, it is necessary to exclude outliers from the observation series. The presence of outliers in the calculation together with the main observational data leads to a significant overestimation of the numerical characteristics of river pollution in the average annual and multi-year period. In this case, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the outliers themselves, regardless of the initial samples. The paper presents an attempt to define the probability of outliers by combining outliers information on individual observation series.
The roughness calculation of the basal boundary for the ice-sounding data collected at Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL)
Authors: Lang Shinan , Cui Xiangbin , Xu Ben
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we calculated the roughness of the basal boundary collected at Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL) to evaluate the topographic structure via the ice-sounding data collected during 32ndand 33rdChinese Antarctic Research Expeditions (CHINARE 32 and 33). The calculation is achieved by a two-parameter roughness index method, which could differentiate different classes of subglacial landscape, in particular between erosional and depositional settings. Finally, the calculation results of partial regions of PEL are illustrated to describe the roughness of the detected regions.
Arctic climate variability and ice regime of the Lena River delta lakes
Authors: Zdorovennov Roman , Golosov Sergey , Zverev Ilya , Zdorovennova Galina , Fedorova Irina
Published: April 2020

Climate variability in the Russian Arctic in 1991-2017 is examined based on the mesurements of the air temperature at 19 meteorological stations. The average annual air temperature at the stations fluctuated relative to the climatic baseline of 1961-1990 by 0.5-4°C in 1991-2004. Since 2005, it was higher than the climatic baseline at all stations annually. The increase in the air temperature was most pronounced in the winter months from November to February at all stations (more than 15ºC at some stations in some years). The increase in the air temperature in the summer months was noticeably smaller. The baseline level of the average monthly air temperature from November to February was exceeded most prominently at high latitude meteorological stations located at Wiese Island, Severnaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land (16-17ºC in some years, starting with 2005). Stations located at a distance from the ocean, such as Khatanga and Tiksi, are characterized by a smaller temperature increase compared to coastal and island stations, such as Barenzburg, Wrangel Island and others. Smaller deviations of the air temperature from the baseline level are typical in the western sector of the Russian Arctic (Murmansk, Svyatoy Nose). The influence of the Arctic climate variability on the ice regime of arctic lakes is considered according to Flake model (http://www.flake.igb-berlin.de/) for the Lena River Delta lakes.
Transformation of water supply of population and economic objects in the Don River basin for the period of 1990-2018
Authors: Demin Alexander , Zaitseva Anna
Published: April 2020

The analysis of the current state of major water consumers and water complex participants is performed. The data on the increase in centralized water supply of the residential accommodation during 2000-2018 is presented. Significant decrease in the volume of water used for drinking water supply is shown. The improvement of water quality in water bodies of most regions is revealed. The use of fresh water for production needs in the Don River basin decreased from 5.8 to 2.9 km3 from 1990 to 2018. The water circulation coefficient in industry increased from 64 to 85%. The area of irrigated lands in the basin has started to decrease significantly since 1990. In 2000 every second hectare of available irrigated land was watered and in 2016 only every fourth was watered.
Long-term changes in water flow of the Volga basin rivers
Authors: Milyukova Irina , Georgiadi Aleksandr , Borodin Oleg
Published: April 2020

The long periods/phases (with a duration of more than 10-15 years) of increased and decreased water flow of rivers in the Volga river basin were identified. The annual and seasonal water flow (over snow-melt flood period, as well as summer–autumn and winter low-water seasons) of six representative rivers over observation periods more than a century in duration, starting from the 1870s–1890s up to 2016, was used. In addition to this, periods with the average runoff close to its normal value were also observed. The boundaries of contrast phases were determined using normalized cumulative deviation curves in combination with Student’s test of the statistical homogeneity of the data series. The duration of the phases varies from 10 to 96 years. The phases of lower runoff were generally longer than those of higher runoff (this is especially typical of the winter and summer–autumn low-water season). The identified contrast phases show a statistically significant difference between the annual and seasonal runoff. The analysis of the data series of alteration of phases with increased and decreased water flow in hydrological seasons of the year allowed the authors to identify three major types of their long-term dynamics within the Volga river basin.
Snow-pillow: creation experience and prototype operation
Authors: Minnegaliev Aleksandr , Rakhimov Ruslan , Suleimanov Ruslan , Gainanshin Mansur
Published: April 2020

A snow-pillow (or snow-measuring pillow) is a device designed to directly determine the snow water equivalent in the snow cover by measuring the weight or pressure of the snowfall. Snow-pillows allow collecting, accumulating and transmitting information about snow accumulation and snow melting with high discreteness, accuracy and promptness. Within the framework of implementing the initiated project, a snow-pillow prototype was created based on analogue strain-measuring sensors working in conjunction with an accumulating mechanism and a digital indicator run via a microcontroller. Subject to agreement with the directorate of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Bashkir UGMS”, the snow-pillow prototype was installed on the territory of the meteorological station Ufa-Dema in November 2019. Placing the pillow at the active weather observation station allows comparing the results obtained from the prototype with the data obtained at the station. Comparing the observation results for the autumn-winter season of 2019 has allowed us to conclude that the results obtained at the snow pillow are in line with the data of instrumental observations. The operating experience of the snow pillow shows that the prototype created under the project is applicable for evaluating the snow water equivalent, provided some minor changes are introduced into the design. In the future, observation results obtained from a network of snow pillows can be used for adjusting analytical models of snow accumulation and melting within the territory.
Hydrometeorological changes in the North-East of Russia
Authors: Nesterova Nataliia , Makarieva Olga , Zemlyanskova Anastasiia
Published: April 2020

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of hydrometeorological changes at the river basins of the North-East of Russia for the period 1966-2015. Data from 61 meteorological stations showed an increase in the air temperature by an average of 2.3 °C and multidirectional changes in annual precipitation. Most stations are characterized by a significant negative trend of precipitation in winter and a positive annual trend of mixed and liquid precipitation with an increase in their share in autumn months. The presence of statistically significant positive streamflow trends in the autumn-winter period was established for 51 hydrological gauges. We hypothesize that the increase in the low flow is mainly due to the transition of precipitation type from solid to liquid and corresponding increase of runoff in September, continuing in the following months.
Chemical composition of soil waters in oil and gas production areas of north of Western Siberia
Authors: Opekunova Marina , Opekunov Anatoly , Kukushkin Stepan , Lisenkov Sergey
Published: April 2020

This study describes the changes in the chemical composition of soil waters under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors in the area of development of oil and gas condensate fields in the north of Western Siberia. The concentration of chemical elements (Na, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Ba, Sr, Cd, and Mn) in soils, ground and soil waters was determined. Pollution of soil water and soil is local in nature and it is characteristic of areas located in the immediate vicinity of industrial facilities. A set of indicators is proposed for assessing the transformation of natural complexes under the influence of oil and gas production. The increased pH values, concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, nitrates, chlorides, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, iron and manganese, as well as zinc, vanadium, cobalt and nickel are observed. In the impact zones in soil waters and soils. Mechanical disturbances of the soil and vegetation cover lead to an increase in defrost, secondary waterlogging and are accompanied by an increase in the migration of chemical elements in the catenary structure of landscapes.
Nutrient dynamics along the Moskva River under heavy pollution and limited self-purification capacity
Authors: Tereshina Maria , Erina Oxana , Sokolov Dmitriy , Efimova Lyudmila , Kasimov Nikolay
Published: April 2020

An extensive study conducted during the dry summer of 2019 provided a detailed picture of the nutrient content dynamics along the Moskva River. Water sampling at 38 locations on the main river and at 17 of its tributaries revealed a manifold increase in phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations as the river crosses the Moscow metropolitan area, which can be attributed to both direct discharge of poorly treated sewage and nonpoint urban pollution. Even at the Moskva River lower reaches, where the anthropogenic pressure on the river and its tributaries is less pronounced, the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus content remains consistently high and exceeds the environmental guidelines by up to almost 10 times. This indicates increased vulnerability of the Moskva River ecosystem during periods of low flow, which can be a major factor of eutrophication in the entire Moskva-Oka-Volga system. Comparison of our data with some archive records shows no significant improve in the nutrient pollution of the river since the 1990s, which raises further concern about the effectiveness of water quality management in Moscow urban region.
Special features of elimination of phosphorus compounds in aeration tanks
Authors: Zaletova Nina
Published: April 2020

In the sewage treatment plants, phosphorus compounds presented constantly, due to the sources of their appearance. In urban wastewater, phosphorus stays in various compounds – dissolved, insoluble, organic, mineral, simple and complex forms. Only phosphates and total phosphorus are monitored in wastewater chemicals laboratories. The data on phosphorus compounds containing in the wastewater of a number of cities is analyzed in the study. The impact of the biological wastewater treatment process on the efficiency of phosphorus removal was assessed. The research was carried out on an experimental technological installation. It is shown that in the original wastewater not only the concentration of total phosphorus and phosphates is constantly varying, but also their ratio. In the process of biological treatment, a number of complex biochemical and physical-chemical processes are parallel: assimilation, hydrolysis, and adsorption. The effectiveness of these processes is influenced by the magnitude of the initial concentration of total phosphorus and the amount of active dose of sludge. It has been recognized that the increased efficiency of the removal of total phosphorus has an effect on both the increase in the active dose of sludge and the size of the initial concentration of total phosphorus. However, the residual concentration of total phosphorus is affected by its original content, while the initial content of the total phosphorus is affected insignificantly.
On the issue of improving the efficiency of environmental management in the coastal zone of the Onega Lake
Authors: Sanin Alexandr
Published: April 2020

This article is the result of a research conducted in the Zubov State Oceanological Institute during 2014-2019. The research was aimed at studying the coastal dynamics, as well as evaluating the quality of waters of the Onega Lake and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on it. Those factors were considered and characterized, the most important of them, in addition to human activity, are the solid flow of rivers and the flow from abrasion processes. Seven types of coasts were identified for the Onega Lake, each of which has its own characteristics of dynamic processes and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on water quality. The dynamics of the coasts were analyzed both in the course of field studies and using mathematical modeling methods, which allowed revealing the main tendencies in the dynamics of the coasts. Pollutants entering the Lake and affecting the quality of water are also divided by origin into natural, anthropogenic and mixed genesis pollutants. Special attention is paid to the natural sources of pollution, since they are considered in the available literature to the least extent. Natural origin pollutants include, in particular, the majority of heavy metals, which concentrations for various sites were determined during the research.
Estimation of the power flux supplied by an electric arc to Ag-SnO2electrodes based on cross-section observations of the melted zone
Authors: Fouque Aurélien , Bonhomme Alexandre , Cailletaud Georges , Chaudot François , Esin Vladimir A. , Houzé Frédéric , Landfried Romaric , Lisnyak Marina , Ponthenier Jean-Luc , Testé Philippe
Published: April 2020

A method is proposed to estimate the characteristics of the power flux supplied to an anode and a cathode in Ag-SnO2submitted to an AC electric arc with a maximal value of the arc current intensity about 400–500 A and an arc duration about 4–5 ms. It is based on the one hand on the observation by optical microscopy and Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) of the area melted by the arc, thus making it possible to evaluate the depth and radius melted, and on the other hand on a thermal modelling allowing to estimate an equivalent voltage (proportionality coefficient between the intensity of the arc current and the received power) and the power flux surface density.
New electron donor in planar heterojunction: optimization of the cells efficiency through the choice of the hole-extracting layer
Authors: Zamora Pedro , Kouskoussa Belkacem , El Jouad Zouhair , El Assad Zemallach Ouari Kada , Benchouk Kheireddine , Benameur Khedidja , Bernède Jean Christian , Cattin Linda
Published: April 2020

Due to their light weight, flexibility and semi-transparency the organic photovoltaic cells play an important role for solar conversion photovoltaic (OPV). To achieve good performances, both donor and acceptor materials in OPVs need to have good extinction coefficients, high stabilities and good film morphologies. Since the donor plays a critical role as the absorber to solar photon flux, donor materials require wide optical absorption to match the solar spectrum. In this work the couple ED/EA in planar heterojunction was Tetracyano 4,4'-bis(9Hcarbazol-9-yl) biphenyl (TCC)/fullerene (C60). Optimum results are obtained when MoO3alone is used as Hole Transporting Layer (HTL). The J/V characteristics do not exhibit S-shaped curves up to a TCC layer thickness of 15 nm, while they did when the HTL includes CuI. Theoretical study, complementary to the experimental study, shows that in the case of S-shaped curve the cell behaves as if it was made up of 2 diodes, one of which would be opposed to the flow of the photogenerated current. In the case of MoO3HTL,i.e;without shaped curve, the optimum thickness is 13 nm, giving an efficiencyη = 2.30% withVoc = 0.9 V, Jsc = 5.17 mA/cm2and FF = 49%.
Terahertz Frequency Comb in Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Cosme Pedro
Published: April 2020

Graphene Field-effect transistors (GFETs) are excellent candidates for all-electric, low-power radiation sources and detectors based on integrated circuit technology. In this work, we show that a hydrodynamic instability can be ex¬plored (the Dyakonov–Shur instability) to excite the graphene plasmons. The instability can be sustained with the help of a source-to-drain current and con¬trolled with the gate voltage. It is shown that the plasmons radiate a frequency comb in the Terahertz (THz) range. It is argued how this can pave the stage for a new generation of low power THz sources in integrated-circuit technology.
Low temperature characterization of high efficiency spin-filter Josephson junctions
Authors: Caruso Roberta , Giovanna Ahmad Halima , Pal Avradeep , Piero Pepe Giovanni , Massarotti Davide , Blamire Mark G. , Tafuri Francesco
Published: April 2020

The interplay between superconducting and ferromagnetic order pa¬rameters in S/F interfaces gives rise to a wide range of peculiar properties with applications in high-efficiency computation and in the emerging field of super¬conducting spintronics. In NbN/GdN/NbN Josephson junctions, GdN barriers give unique properties due to the double insulting and ferromagnetic nature of the material, as demonstrated in previous works. Here we focus on tunneling spectroscopy of these junctions down to 0.3 K when changing the barrier thick¬ness, which contributes to complete a consistent picture on the physics of these junctions and supports the previous indications of equal-spin Cooper pairs con¬tributing to the total supercurrent of the devices.
On the Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Surface Plasmon Stability
Authors: Silva Jaime , Milne Bruce F. , Nogueira Fernando
Published: April 2020

The physics of surface plasmons has a long tradition in condensed matter theory but as the dimension of the systems reaches the nano scale, new effects appear. In this work, by calculating the absorption spectra of a single wall carbon nanotube, using time dependent density functional theory, the effect of adding/removing electrons on the surface plasmon energy is studied. It is shown that removing electrons from the single wall carbon nanotube does not affect the surface plasmon energy peak. In contrast, adding electrons to the single wall carbon nanotube will redshift the plasmonic peak energy, an effect that is explained by an increase of the electron effective mass.
Suitability assessment of the traditional unified railway bridge girders for high-speed traffic
Authors: Diachenko Leonid , Benin Andrey
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the parameters of high-speed trains effect on the unified simple-span girder reinforced concrete bridge superstructures on conventional railways using a simplified methodology of determining maximum vertical accelerations and live load dynamic factors. It is noted that the dynamic additions to the stress-strain behavior components (bending moments, transverse force and vertical sags) differ from each other. The presented methodology of dynamic factors determination helps to make a dynamic calculation and to identify general forces in simple-span girder superstructures without numerical simulation and straightforward dynamic analysis, which greatly reduces labor intensity of the design works. Based on the dynamic calculation results, a conclusion is made that the unified simple-span girder reinforced concrete bridge superstructures can be applied on high-speed railways, and the scope of their application is specified.
Spectral analysis of the support structure of the cylindrical container
Authors: Prekop Lubomir , Grmanova Alzbeta
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with dynamic analysis of a container. The analyzed structure consists of a steel support structure and a cylindrical container. The container is used for storage of road salt and other spreading materials during winter road maintenance. Three variants of support system of a structure have been analyzed. These have been introduced into the model as different boundary conditions. The spectral analysis was performed in which the response spectra taken from the Eurocode were used. In the final part, the results obtained from the seismic analysis of the structure (displacements and internal forces) have been presented.
Analysis of the stability of the outer partition of a steel frame house using FEM
Authors: Kosiń Mariusz , Major Maciej
Published: April 2020

The subject of the analysis is a separate fragment of the external partition located in the ground floor of a residential building made in the technology of light steel skeleton without stiffening plating. The motivation to carry out this analysis is, among others Investors' growing interest in alternative solutions to traditional single-family housing. The selection of the considered fragment was made on the basis of maximum displacements obtained as a result of numerical analysis carried out in Robot Structural. Then, for the selected structural element of the wall, three calculation models in the Ansys program for the assessment of bending - torsional analysis were made. The calculation models adopted for the calculations differed in the way in which the bracing used were assembled. One of them included the author's own development of an insert stiffening the transverse profile at the bracing assembly site. The results of the calculations showed the legitimacy of strengthening the structure when the stiffening plating is removed.
Vehicle model response in frequency domain
Authors: Melcer Jozef , Valašková Veronika
Published: April 2020

The offered article deals with one of the possibilities of numerical analysis of the vehicle response in frequency domain. It works with quarter model of vehicle. For the selected computational model of vehicle it quantifies the Frequency Response Functions (FRF) of both force and kinematic quantities. It considers the stochastic road profile. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the road profile is used as input value for the calculation of Power Spectral Density of the response. Al calculations are carried out numerically in the environment of program system MATLAB. When we know the modules of FRF or the Power Response Factors (PRF) of vehicle model the calculation of vehicle response in frequency domain is fast and efficient.
Notes on the behaviour of trajectories of polynomial dynamic systems
Authors: Andreeva Irina
Published: April 2020

Dynamic systems play a key role in various directions of modern science and engineering, such as the mathematical modeling of physical processes, the broad spectrum of complicated and pressing problems of civil engineering, for example, in the analysis of seismic stability of constructions and buildings, in the fundamental studies of computing and producing systems, of biological and sociological events. A researcher uses a dynamic system as a mathematical apparatus to study some phenomena and conditions, under which any statistical events are not important and may be disregarded. The main task of the theory of dynamic systems is to study curves, which differential equations of this system define. During such a research, firstly we need to split a dynamic system’s phase space into trajectories. Secondly, we investigate a limit behavior of trajectories. This research stage is to reveal equilibrium positions and make their classification. Also, here we find and investigate sinks and sources of the system’s phase flow. As a result, we obtain a full set of phase portraits, possible for a taken family of differential dynamic systems, which describe a behavior of some process. Namely polynomial dynamic systems often play a role of practical mathematical models hence their investigation has significant interest. This paper represents the original study of a broad family of differential dynamic systems having reciprocal polynomial right parts, and describes especially developed research methods, useful for a wide spectrum of applications.
Analysis of the peak vertical displacement of liquid surface due to sloshing
Authors: Kotrasova Kamila , Kormanikova Eva , Hegedusova Iveta
Published: April 2020

When a tank containing liquid vibrates, the liquid exerts hydrodynamic effects on the solid domain of a tank. In the case of roof tanks, a large sloshing wave will impact the wall or roof of the tanks and may cause extensive damage or failure of the tanks. This paper provides the theoretical background of simplified seismic analysis of liquid storage cylindrical ground -supported tanks, and it documents the seismic effect of input motions characteristics on fluid sloshing behaviour.
Determination of blast resistance of selected structural elements
Authors: Ivančo Matúš , Trajkovski Jovan , Figuli Lucia , Erdélyiová Romana
Published: April 2020

At the present time of political and war conflicts between countries, more and more attention is focused on the protection of important structures, being part of critical infrastructure, such as buildings of energy importance, government buildings or military bases. Regardless of the type of industry area, primarily, buildings needed to be protected. For this reason, the paper is focused on the determination of resistance of selected structural elements creating the protection system against the effects of the blast from the explosion, including terrorist attack. The paper has need of analysing the behaviour of structural elements affected by the blast load and setting the structural resistance of elements loaded by such dynamic type of load. The outputs can serve as a basis for the design of an effective plan for the protection of a selected elements of critical infrastructure, which ultimately represents not only the protection of the buildings themselves, but also the affected people presented inside the buildings.
Prediction of fire loading on the structures using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Erdelyiová Romana , Figuli Lucia , Ivančo Matúš
Published: April 2020

The development of a fire in a large-space fire section differs significantly from the development in a small fire section. In large-space objects, to design structures under the fire load often proceeds through a performance-based approach. Advanced methods can be used in all parts of the design in predicting of the scatter of temperature field, in calculating of the heat transfer to the structure and in assessing of the mechanical behaviour of the structure or its part under the fire load. The prediction of the gas temperature in the fire compartment is crucial for the structure design. The paper is focused on selection of different fire scenarios in the large-space building. The aim is to provide background for structural design in a fire using a performance-based design. The problem is solved by using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software based on the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method.
Paraspinale Tumore: Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Rüter Andreas , Ebner Florian H.
Published: April 2020

Paraspinale Tumore breiten sich entlang der Wirbelsäule in den umgebenden Geweben wie Knochen, Muskulatur, Bindegewebe und Bandscheiben aus. Sie betreffen dadurch mitunter die Halsweichteile, den intrathorakalen sowie retroperitonealen Raum. Eine Unterscheidung erfolgt anatomisch, nach Ursprung oder nach Dignität. Grundlage der Diagnostik stellt die Schnittbildgebung in Form von MRT und CT dar. Bei der Planung des operativen Vorgehens muss insbesondere das Vorliegen einer Instabilität oder die Kompression neuraler Strukturen berücksichtigt werden. Therapeutische Optionen werden interdisziplinär erörtert. Ergänzend zur Operation stellen die Radio- und Chemotherapie alternative oder zusätzliche Therapieoptionen dar.
Vegetative Versorgung des kleinen Beckens
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: April 2020

Im kleinen Becken liegen die Organe Harnblase und Rektum. Bei der Frau befinden sich zusätzlich noch die Organe Vagina, Uterus und Ovarien im kleinen Becken. Beim Mann liegt unterhalb der Harnblase die Prostata. Eine reibungslose vegetative Versorgung des kleinen Beckens ist für die Funktion der Sexualorgane unerlässlich. Vegetativ zuständig sind der Plexus hypogastricus superior und inferior.
Anamnese mit Tabus?
Authors: Lummer Birgit
Published: April 2020

Die meisten Paare leiden zumindest phasenweise unter verminderter Sexualität und Nähe bis hin zu Sprachlosigkeit, Einsamkeit und Entfremdung. Während Urologen und Gynäkologen vorwiegend die organischen Aspekte abklären, sprechen andere Therapeuten die Sexualität meist gar nicht erst an, obwohl die Patienten sich dies überwiegend wünschen. Einfühlsame Fragen nach der sexuellen Zufriedenheit können wichtige Türen zu mehr seelischer und körperlicher Gesundheit sowie erfüllter Partnerschaft öffnen, so auch im vorgestellten Fall.
(TCM-)Wege aus der Fertilitätskrise
Authors: Bögel-Witt Martina
Published: April 2020

Trotz Kinderwunsch kommt es bei jedem fünften Paar auf natürlichem Weg nicht zu einer Schwangerschaft, unter anderem bedingt durch langjährige Pilleneinnahme und ein steigendes Alter der Erstgebärenden und ihrer Partner. Durch eine Kombination moderner Verfahren wie der In-vitro- Fertilisation mit Methoden der TCM lassen sich die Chancen für eine erfolgreiche Schwangerschaft erhöhen. Die chinesische Medizin legt den Fokus insbesondere auf Zang-Organe, charakteristische Zyklusphasen sowie TCM-Syndrome und unterstützt die Fertilisation mit spezifischen Kräuterrezepturen und Akupunkturverfahren.
Pertussis – die unendliche Geschichte?
Authors: Liese Johannes G.
Published: April 2020

Pertussis, die häufigste Form des Keuchhustens, ist eine meldepflichtige Infektionskrankheit des Respirationstraktes, die durch Bordetella pertussis verursacht wird. In ungeimpften Populationen tritt Pertussis überwiegend im Alter zwischen 2 und 6 Jahren auf. Trotz hoher Pertussis-Durchimpfungsraten im Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalter werden in den letzten 20 Jahren eine Zunahme der Inzidenz und eine Verschiebung von Pertussiserkrankungen in das Adoleszenten- und Erwachsenenalter beobachtet. Dies liegt an 3 Ursachen: erstens an der erhöhten Aufmerksamkeit bei Patienten und Ärzten gegenüber Pertussis, zweitens der einfacheren Diagnosestellung durch sensitive Methoden wie der PCR oder Serologie und drittens an der zeitlich begrenzten Wirksamkeit von Pertussisimpfstoffen. Regelmäßige Auffrischimpfungen auch über das Kindesalter hinaus sind von hoher Bedeutung, um Ausbreitung, Ausbrüche und Komplikationen der Pertussis zu begrenzen. Die bestehenden Empfehlungen zur Pertussisimpfung im Erwachsenenalter werden jedoch nur unzureichend umgesetzt. Die fehlende Empfehlung der STIKO analog zu Diphtherie und Tetanus gegen Pertussis alle 10 Jahre zu impfen, trägt ebenfalls dazu bei, dass die Impfung bei Erwachsenen kaum durchgeführt wird. Dadurch entstehen Übertragungswege auf ungeimpfte Neugeborene und Säuglinge, die das höchste Komplikations- und Mortalitätsrisiko tragen. Hohe Durchimpfungsraten und regelmäßige mindestens 10-jährige Auffrischimpfungen auch im Erwachsenenalter sind die beste Präventionsstrategie und dringend erforderlich, um die weitere Ausbreitung von Pertussis zu begrenzen. Eine maternale (Auffrisch-) Impfung im letzten Trimenon der Schwangerschaft kann zusätzlich Pertussis bei Neugeborenen wirksam verhindern. Die Entwicklung neuer wirksamerer Pertussisimpfstoffe ist notwendig, um den Keuchhusten in seinen unterschiedlichen klinischen Ausprägungen zu kontrollieren.
Endoscopic closure of refractory esophageal fistula after esophagectomy using polyglycolic acid sheets: a pilot study
Authors: Nagami Yasuaki , Ominami Masaki , Sakai Taishi , Fukunaga Shusei , Tanaka Fumio , Taira Koichi , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Lee Shigeru , Watanabe Toshio , Fujiwara Yasuhiro
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Esophageal fistulas after esophagectomy are associated with high mortality and poor quality of life. They are sometimes intractable to conservative management and surgery that increases mortality. Few studies have assessed use of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets with fibrin glue for esophageal fistulas. We investigated the safety of using PGA sheets with fibrin glue for esophageal fistulas after esophagectomy.

Patients and methods This was a single-center prospective pilot study. Patients who had refractory esophageal fistulas after esophagectomy were included. PGA sheets were filled in the fistula using biopsy forceps. Fibrin glue was applied to the PGA sheets. We repeated the procedure 1 week later. The outcome measures were the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and closure of the fistula.

Results Five patients were assessed. No adverse events were observed. The esophageal fistula was closed with the application of PGA sheets four times in 40 % (2/5) of the cases.

Conclusions PGA sheets with fibrin glue were safe for esophageal fistula closure after esophagectomy and do not involve the risk of AEs.
Modellprojekt: Waldmedizin zur Prävention und Therapie bei Burn-out
Authors: Ihlow Christiane , Lamminger Simone
Published: April 2020

Das Waldbaden bietet durch das bewussteErleben der Natur heilsame Wirkungen aufdas vegetative Nervensystem. Im Rahmeneiner Kooperation zwischen der Klinik und dem Forstamtsverbund Wald und Holz NRWwurden die positiven Effekte dieser Methode zur Therapie und Prävention von Burnouterforscht. Daraus entstand ein Modellprojekt der Primärprävention. Trotz der positivenErgebnisse konnte das Projekt jedoch keine Zulassung als Präventionsangebotnach § 20 SGB V erreichen.
Digitales Gift
Authors: Otto Daniela
Published: April 2020

Mailen, posten, twittern, googeln: Immer mehr Menschenfühlen sich von digitalen Medien gestresst, vielesind sogar süchtig danach. Das ist gefährlich – vor allem, da das Krankheitsbild „Smartphonesucht“ immer nochunterschätzt wird. Digital Detox hilft gegen Stress undkann als beste Prävention gegen Abhängigkeit angesehenwerden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie die digitale EntgiftungSchritt für Schritt gelingt.
Natur als Therapie und Prävention
Authors: Michalsen Andreas
Published: April 2020

Dem Aufenthalt in der Natur werden bereitsin der griechischen „diaita“ Heil- und Gesundheitswirkungenzugesprochen. Auch inder Praxis und den Lehren naturheilkundlicherPioniere wie Kneipp, Prießnitz oderBircher-Benner ist dies fester Bestandteil.Die Anzahl an Studien, welchen Einfluss dieNatur z. B. in Form von Waldbaden oder einerurbanen grünen Umgebung auf die Gesundheithat, nimmt stetig zu. Auf dieser Basis kann konstatiert werden, dass wohnortnaheurbane Grünflächen insbesondere zur Prävention psychischer sowie pulmonalerund kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen sehr wichtig sind. Es finden sich besonders Hinweisefür Vorteile von Wildwiesen, biodiversem Urban Gardening sowie die Bedeutungvon Bäumen und natürlich durchmischten Wäldern.Für die individuelle Therapie kann der gezielteAufenthalt in der Natur, am besten imWald oder auf biodiversen Grünflächen mitWassernähe als besonders effektiv bewertet werden.
Bluthochdrucksenkung durch hämatogene Ausleitung
Authors: Görgner Anke
Published: April 2020

In der Literatur sind ausleitende Methodenwie das blutige Schröpfen zur Blutdrucksenkungmehrfach als erfolgreich beschriebenworden. Beobachtungen aus der Praxis derAutorin zeigten beim blutigen Schröpfen mitdem Ziel der Schmerztherapie relevanteBlutdrucksenkungen. In einer kleinen Fallseriemit 8 Patienten konnten systolische Blutdrucksenkungenvon im Mittel 43 mmHgbeobachtet werden.Aufgrund der Beobachtungen plant die Autorineine Interventionsstudie, um möglicheblutdrucksenkende Wirkungen des blutigenSchröpfens zu eruieren und zu weiterer Forschunganzuregen.
ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gralnek Ian M. , Hassan Cesare , Beilenhoff Ulrike , Antonelli Giulio , Ebigbo Alanna , Pellisè Maria , Arvanitakis Marianna , Bhandari Pradeep , Bisschops Raf , Van Hooft Jeanin E. , Kaminski Michal F. , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Webster George , Pohl Heiko , Dunkley Irene , Fehrke Björn , Gazic Mario , Gjergek Tatjana , Maasen Siiri , Waagenes Wendy , de Pater Marjon , Ponchon Thierry , Siersema Peter D. , Messmann Helmut , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario
Published: April 2020

We are currently living in the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic that imposes a significant stress on health care providers and facilities. Europe is severely affected with an exponential increase in incident infections and deaths. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 can be subtle, encompassing a broad spectrum from asymptomatic mild disease to severe respiratory illness. Health care professionals in endoscopy units are at increased risk of infection from COVID-19. Infection prevention and control has been shown to be dramatically effective in assuring the safety of both health care professionals and patients. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (www.esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.org) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. This guidance is based upon the best available evidence regarding assessment of risk during the current status of the pandemic and a consensus on which procedures to perform and the priorities on resumption. We appreciate the gaps in knowledge and evidence, especially on the proper strategy(ies) for the resumption of normal endoscopy practice during the upcoming phases and end of the pandemic and therefore a list of potential research questions is presented. New evidence may result in an updated statement.
Donald A. B. Lindberg: Inspiring Leader and Visionary in Biomedicine, Healthcare, and Informatics
Authors: Kulikowski Casimir A.
Published: April 2020

Background: As Director of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM) for 30 years, Dr. Donald A. B. Lindberg was instrumental in bringing biomedical research and healthcare worldwide into the age of genomic and translational medicine through the informatics systems developed by the NLM. Lindberg opened free access and worldwide public dissemination of all the NLM's biomedical literature and databases, thus helping transform not only biomedical research like the Human Genome Project and its successors, but also the practices of medicine and healthcare internationally. Guiding, leading, and teaching-by-example at national, regional, and global levels of biomedical and healthcare informatics, Lindberg helped coalesce a dynamic discipline that provides a foundation for the human understanding which promotes the future health of our world.

Objectives: To provide historical insight into the scientific, technological, and practical clinical accomplishments of Donald Lindberg, and to describe how this led to contributions in the worldwide interdisciplinary evolution of informatics, and its impact on the biosciences and practices of medicine, nursing, and other healthcare-related disciplines.

Methods: Review and comment on the publications, scientific contributions, and leadership of Donald Lindberg in the evolution of biomedical and health informatics which anticipate the vision, scholarship, research in the field, and represent the deeply ethical humanism he exhibited throughout his life. These were essential in producing the informatics systems, such as the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central, and ClinicalTrials.gov, which, together with NLM training programs and conferences, made possible the interactions among researchers and practitioners leading to the past quarter-century of rapid and dramatic advances in biomedical scientific inquiry and clinical discoveries, openly shared across the globe.

Conclusion: Dr. Lindberg was a uniquely talented physician and pioneering researcher in biomedical and health informatics. As the main leader in developing and funding innovative informatics research for more than 30 years as Director of the National Library of Medicine, he helped bring together the most creative interdisciplinary researchers to bridge the worlds of biomedical research, education, and clinical practice. Lindberg's emphasis on open-access to the biomedical literature through publicly shared computer-mediated methods of search and inquiry are seen as an example of ethical scientific openness.
Progress in Characterizing the Human Exposome: a Key Step for Precision Medicine
Authors: Martin-Sanchez Fernando , Bellazzi Riccardo , Casella Vittorio , Dixon William , Lopez-Campos Guillermo , Peek Niels
Published: April 2020

Objective: Most diseases result from the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The exposome can be defined as a systematic approach to acquire large data sets corresponding to environmental exposures of an individual along her/ his life. The objective of this contribution is to raise awareness within the health informatics community about the importance of dealing with data related to the contribution of environmental factors to individual health, particularly in the context of precision medicine informatics.

Methods: This article summarizes the main findings after a panel organized by the International Medical Informatics Association - Exposome Informatics Working Group held during the last MEDINFO, in Lyon (France) in August 2019.

Results: The members of our community presented four initiatives (PULSE, Digital exposome, Cloudy with a chance of pain, Wearable clinics), providing a detailed view of current challenges and accomplishments in processing environmental and social data from a health research perspective. Projects illustrate a wide range of research methods, digital data collection technologies, and analytics and visualization tools. This reinforces the idea that this area is now ready for health informaticians to step in and contribute their expertise, leading the application of informatics strategies to understand environmental health problems.

Conclusions: The featured projects illustrate applications that use exposome data for the investigation of the causes of diseases, health care, patient empowerment, and public health. They offer a rich overview of the expanding range of applications that informatics is finding in the field of environmental health, with potential impact in precision medicine.