bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International health experiences in postgraduate medical education: A meta-analysis of their effect on graduates’ clinical practice among underserved populations
Authors: Dawe Russell , McKelvie Mark
Published: January 2020

Background: International health experiences (IHEs) are popular among medical learners and provide a valuable learning experience. IHE participants have demonstrated an increased intention to care for underserved populations in the future, but what is its actual impact on practice? This study evaluates the effect of postgraduate IHE participation on the future careers of clinicians regarding their work among underserved populations.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed articles comparing the populations served by physicians who had participated in an IHE with those of physicians who had not participated in an IHE.
Results: 764 titles were scanned, 28 articles were reviewed, with an eventual 3 studies of fair-good or good quality identified. These addressed physicians’ service to domestic underserved populations, and also addressed future service in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC). Meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically-significant increase in service by IHE graduates to domestic underserved populations (OR = 2.12; CI = 95%; P = 0.03). The certainty of the evidence was low due to limitations in study design (non-randomised studies) and inconsistency in effects.
Conclusion: Participation in an IHE may cause an increase in care for domestic underserved populations in future clinical practice, though further research from high quality randomised trials is needed to increase the certainty of the effect. Further study is needed to establish whether there is a similar effect with increased future service in a LMIC setting
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПРЕСУВАННЯ СПЕЧЕНИХ ТОНКОСТІННИХ ТРУБ В КОНІЧНІЙ МАТРИЦІ СПРОЩЕНИМ МЕТОДОМ
Authors: А.А. Бабаян
Published: January 2020

Процеси пресування і волочіння труб в одній і тій же конічній матриці розрізняються схемами навантаження. При вирішенні завдань для цих процесів спостерігаються певні подібності та відмінності. З огляду на те, що процес волочіння спрощеним методом вивчений в більш повному обсязі, для дослідження процесу пресування спеченої тонкостінної труби в конічній матриці був проведений порівняльний аналіз рішення задачі зазначеним вище спрощеним методом процесу волочіння.
Дана оцінка деформованого і напруженого станів пресованих труб та труб отриманих методом волочіння. Обґрунтовується спрощення основного рівняння рівноваги для вирішення завдання волочіння труб в разі відсутності контактного тертя, а для вирішення завдання пресування труб вибирається більш проста умова пластичності. Обговорюється умова пластичності та основне рівняння рівноваги для вирішення завдання пресування труб.
Для визначення пористості при пресуванні спечених труб використовується формула деформаційної теорії пластичності пористих матеріалів. Чисельні розрахунки проводилися в програмному середовищі MS EXEL для початкової пористості матеріалу труби 10, 20 і 30%. Визначаються безрозмірні меридіональні, окружні та середні напруги в трубах, а також величини зміни інтенсивності деформацій і поточної пористості матеріалів залежності від параметра безрозмірного радіусу.
АНТИФРИКЦІЙНИЙ КОМПОЗИЦІЙНИЙ МАТЕРІАЛ НА ОСНОВІ ШЛІФУВАЛЬНИХ ВІДХОДІВ ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ СТАЛІ ДЛЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ДРУКАРСЬКИХ МАШИН
Authors: Т.А. Роїк  , Ю.Ю. Віцюк
Published: January 2020

У статті досліджено вплив технологічних параметрів виготовлення нових антифрикційних композиційних матеріалів на основі шліфувальних відходів сталі 7ХГ2ВMФ з твердим мастилом на структуру, механічні та триботехнічні властивості при високих швидкостях тертя (підшипники працюють при швидкості обертання до 700 об./хв. і тиску до 5,0 МПа в повітрі). Проілюстровано механізм формування структури нових матеріалів та її вплив на властивості після використання розроблених технологічних режимів. Така технологія здатна забезпечити мікрогетерогенну дрібнозернисту структуру. Структура композиту складається з матриці на основі відходів інструментальної сталі та рівномірно розподіленого твердого мастила CaF2. Металева матриця є перлітною і складається з α-твердого розчину на основі заліза та карбідів легуючих елементів. Така гетерогенна структура сприяє високому рівню антифрикційних властивостей при важких робочих умовах. Тверда змащувальна речовина CaF2 рівномірно розподіляється по поверхнях тертя. Фторид кальцію та хімічні елементи контактної пари утворюють антифрикційну плівку, яка забезпечує умови самозмащування. Продемонстрована можливість прогнозування та контролю поведінки антифрикційних матеріалів при високих швидкостях обертання шляхом вибору вихідних металевих шліфувальних відходів для забезпечення високого рівня функціональних властивостей. Використання шліфувальних відходів для отримання ефективних антифрикційних матеріалів дає можливість частково вирішувати глобальну проблему охорони навколишнього середовища.
СТРУКТУРУВАННЯ ЕПОКСИПОЛІМЕРІВ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНОГО ПОЛЯ
Authors: П.П. Савчук  , Д.М. Матрунчик  , В.П. Кашицький  , О.Л. Садова  , Г.Ю. Петрук
Published: January 2020

Досліджено вплив обробки епоксидних композицій в електромагнітному полі на процеси структурування, формування дефектної структури та міцність епоксидних полімерів. Визначено доцільність стадії охолодження епоксидних композицій після кожної обробки в електромагнітному полі. Встановлено оптимальну кількість циклів обробки, що включає стадії електромагнітного впливу та охолодження. Оптимізовано тривалість витримки на цих етапах.
НОВИЙ СПОСІБ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПОКРИТТІВ ПРИ ВІДНОВЛЕННІ ДЕТАЛЕЙ МЕТОДОМ ЕЛЕКТРОЕРОЗІЙНОГО ЛЕГУВАННЯ
Authors: Б.О. Саржанов
Published: January 2020

У роботі описаний новий спосіб відновлення зношених поверхонь деталей з нержавіючої сталі 12Х18Н10Т методом електроерозійного легування (ЕЕЛ), електродами з твердого сплаву Т15К6 і і цієї ж стали 12Х18Н10Т. Результати проведених досліджень можуть бути застосовані в ремонтних технологіях при відновленні посадочних місць під підшипники кочення, шківів, захисних втулок і робочих коліс роторів, напівмуфт і інших деталей.
РОЗРОБКА МЕТОДИКИ ПЛАНУВАННЯ БЮДЖЕТУ В ГАЛУЗІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: І.О. Семенова
Published: January 2020

В статті представлено, що кібератаки здатні привезти організації до різного типу втрат: втрата інформації, прибутку, здатності функціонувати. Оцінка окупності інвестицій завжди була ключовим моментом для технологічних інвестицій. Розроблено метод обробки екстремальних значень, який відрізняється незначними обчислювальними витратами і забезпечує отримання однорідних вибірок даних та можливість їх  використання для побудови моделей. Практичне значення отриманих результатів полягає у тому, що використання створеної в роботі інформаційної технології аналізу та прогнозування бюджету моделювання дозволило підвищити точність прогнозу в галузі інформаційної безпеки у реальному часі.
ОСЕСИМЕТРИЧНІ ПЛАСТИЧНІ ДЕФОРМАЦІЇ ТОНКОСТІННОГО ЦИЛІНДРА
Authors: Г.В. Козбур  , О.К. Шкодзінський
Published: January 2020

Отримано умови граничної рівноваги пластичного деформування тонкостінних циліндрів, виготовлених з металічних ізотропних матеріалів.  Вивчались великі пластичні деформації від дії внутрішнього тиску та осьового розтягу. Використано умову нестисливості в логарифмічних деформаціях. Прийнято виконання гіпотез Кірхгофа-Лява. Використано умови максимальних навантажень початку процесу локалізації деформацій. Прослідковано вплив виду напруженого стану та показників геометрії циліндра на величину граничних істинних напружень.
СКІНЧЕННО-ЕЛЕМЕНТНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ОСЕСИМЕТРИЧНОГО ЗГИНУ КРУГЛИХ СУЦІЛЬНИХ ПЛАСТИН НА ЗМІННІЙ ПРУЖНІЙ ОСНОВІ
Authors: Ю.С. Крутій  , М.Г. Сур’янінов  , М.М. Сорока  , Г.С. Карнаухова
Published: January 2020

Розглянуто дванадцять варіантів розрахунку суцільний круглої пластини (плити) при двох умовах обпирання і трьох різних законах зміни коефіцієнта постелі. У всіх варіантах результати повністю збігаються з відомими результатами згину плит, які не мають пружної основи і в разі, коли ця основа існує, а її опір є постійним. Відзначено, що розбіжність тут дуже незначна― в третій значущій цифрі після коми для прогину при шарнірному закріпленні і в другій ― для моментів. При жорсткому закладенні прогини і моменти також відрізняються від відповідних значень відомих рішень в другій значущій цифрі після коми. Що стосується пружної основи, коефіцієнт постелі якої змінюється за законом опуклої параболи, то дані для порівняння відсутні; потрібен альтернативний метод, який дозволить виконати аналогічні розрахунки. Бажано, щоб цей метод був аналітичним і дозволяв проводити розрахунки з великою точністю і без обмежень щодо виду навантаження і закону зміни опору основи. Цим визначається напрямок подальших досліджень авторів в області розрахунку пластин на змінній пружній основі.
СТРУКТУРА ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ МОДИФІКОВАНОЇ МІДДЮ КЕРАМІКИ НА ОСНОВІ БІОГЕННОГО ГІДРОКСИАПАТИТУ МЕДИЧНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: О.А. Куда  , О.М. Отиченко  , О.Є. Сич
Published: January 2020

В роботі досліджено вплив міді (1 мас. %) на структуру та властивості трьох типів кераміки на основі біогенного гідроксиапатиту: гідроксиапатитної, склокераміки гідроксиапатит/SiO2-Na2O та гідроксиапатит/SiO2–B2O3–Na2O. Встановлено, що введення модифікуючої добавки зменшує розмір зерна в структурі кераміки, а також позитивно впливає на властивості in vitro, знижуючи рН та збільшуючи в 2-3,5 рази швидкість резорбції зразків у фізіологічному розчині. Дослідження адсорбційної активності показало перспективність модифікованої міддю кераміки як носіїв лікарських засобів.
YOUTH MUTICULTURAL COMMUNITY BASE ON LOCAL CULTURE OF MANGGARAI AS THE EFFORT TO FIGHT AGAINST VIOLENCE, RADICALISM AND TERORISM
Authors: Widyawati Fransiska , Albino Yohanes
Published: January 2020

Violence, radicalism and terrorism have become a real threat to the human community today. The culprit can be anyone, including young people. Many young people have been no longer open, dialogic and multicultural in society. Many of them have been exposed to radicalisme and have a narrow ideology. This research argues that young people need to be helped to learn to live together with other young people, in open and multicultural and multi-religious communities. Therefore, the research develops a multicultural community model of young people based on the local context and culture of the Manggarai people. The model is names as Nai Ca Anggit Tuka Ca Léléng Communitty. The strength of the community is one its unity, harmony and brother/sisterhood values. This multicultural community of young people becomes a forum where young people from various religious backgrounds, ethnicities, races, regions, etc. gather and work together to promote a world and life that is non-violent, open and dialogical. By joining and participating on this community, young people want to show their roots in local communities, to be involved in the preservation of local culture and to involve local people in the struggle and action to ward off the danger of violence, radicalism and terrorism.
PENGARUH MODEL EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS DI UNIVERSITAS LABUHANBATU
Authors: Hanum Fauziah
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh model  explicit instruction terhadap hasil belajar mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis di UNIVERSITAS LABUHANBATU. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah pengaruh model explicit instruction terhadap hasil belajar mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia  mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis di Universitas Labuhanbatu. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis di Universitas Labuhanbatu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan model one group pre test-post test desaign. Tes dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis di Universitas Labuhanbatu.Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa yang sebelumnya kurang paham dan kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih aktif. Mahasiswa mampu mengkonstruksikan pemahamannya melalui kerja kelompok dan individu dari materi pembelajaran. Mahasiswa lebih mandiri dan kreatif  karena model explicit instruction memberikan sepenuhnya kepada mahasiswa  untuk merencanakan dan mengerjakan tugas mereka dan di apresiasi dalam bentuk presentase kelompok atau unjuk kerja. Setelah menggunakan model explicit instruction  menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif dengan penerapan model pembelajaran tersebut.
From Etymology to Diachrony. The Semantics of ḫwj ‘to protect’ in Old Egyptian and Bedouin Arabic
Authors: Borg Alexander
Published: January 2020

This word study sets out to exemplify the aims and methods of a comparative linguistic approach to the prehistory of the Arabic language conducted against an Afroasiatic backdrop. Drawing on the lexical corpus of the modern Arabic vernaculars, it explores phonological and semantic correlations linking Old Egyptian ḫwj ‘to protect’ attested in the Pyramid texts from the 3rd millennium BC to its proposed Arabic cognates in modern Bedouin vernaculars. The database and commentary adduced in this essay proffer further support for the scenario presented in Borg (2019) arguing for symbiotic interaction between Ancient Egyptian and the Old Arabic phenotype that yielded the modern dialects of this Semitic world language.
Zur Genese des präteritalen sḏm=f des Neuägyptischen
Authors: Brose Marc
Published: January 2020

“Discussions to the Genesis of the Late Egyptian Past sḏm=f” - This article deals with the not finally solved problem of the morphological genesis of the Late Egyptian sḏm=f with past meaning. In part one it is shown that the previous favorite of a coming out from the Middle Egyptian sḏm.n=f, as it was again voted in a specific article by M. el-Hamrawi some years ago, is not very probable. In part two it is suggested that Middle Egyptian past sḏm=f was the antecedent of the Late Egyptian form, but that it was a long time enduring and very complicated process which lead to a withdrawing of the sḏm.n=f, based on an increasing importance of the so-called pseudo-verbal constructions jw=f ḥr sḏm and jw=f r sḏm, on expulsion and merging of several Middle Egyptian sḏm=f forms, phonological change and economical selection, and also that these factors in general were the engine for the change from the Middle Egyptian verbal system to the Late Egyptian system.
Ist ḥśjw-mw „Wasserzauber“ ein ‚Älteres Kompositum‘? Untersuchungen zu einem terminus technicus der ägyptischen lingua magica
Authors: Gundacker Roman
Published: January 2020

“Is ḥśjw-mw ‘water conjuration’ an ‘Älteres Kompositum’? Investigations into a terminus technicus of the Egyptian lingua magica” - Starting in the Old Kingdom, depictions of the work and dangers of herdsmen, who ford cattle and ward off crocodiles with magical gestures, formed part of the motif repertoire of country life and agriculture in many commoners’ tombs. The textual counterparts of such scenes are mentioned in seven literary, magical and religious texts from the Middle Kingdom to the Graeco-Roman Period. Regardless of the unity of meaning and context, the terminus technicus denoting those conjurations directed against crocodiles is written in three essentially different ways as ḥśjw-mw (Tale of a Herdsman, Hymn to Amun in Papyrus Leiden I 350, Cairo Love Songs, a magical papyrus in Budapest, Florentine Mythological Handbook), ḥśjw-m-mw (CT 836) and śḥśjw-m-mw (Magical Papyrus Harris). When compared to graphic peculiarities of ‘Ältere Komposita’, ḥśjw-m-mw (CT 836) and śḥśjw-m-mw (Magical Papyrus Harris) can be identified as phonetic writings, and the attestation in the Tale of a Herdsman, which exhibits the peculiar insertion of a “boat” (Gardiner P.1), as an unetymological writing. Consequently, all seven tokens can be assigned to a single morphological pattern, ḥśjw-mw ‘water conjuration’, which, tentatively, can be revocalised *ḥĭśjắw-măw.
Zum Augment neuägyptischer Verbalformen
Authors: Peust Carsten
Published: January 2020

“On the Augment of Late Egyptian Verb Forms” -- It is shown that the augment which is characteristic of certain nominal verb forms of Late Egyptian – and survives in a few traces up until Coptic – contains none of those vowels that were regularly admitted at the beginning of Egyptian words. Rather, it must continue a wordinternal vowel /ǝ/ that moved into the initial position by a misdivision of the proclitic definite article, which frequently preceded participles and relative forms in speech. The same vowel [ǝ] occurred as an epenthetic sound before the preposition ‹r› /r/ ~ [ǝr], from which only ǝ remained after its consonantal body got lost. These phonetic insights prove that the Late Egyptian augment cannot derive from the Old Egyptian augment, as has been contended, but is a genuine innovation of Late Egyptian. Finally, the rise of unetymological initial vowels in various other nouns such as ⲉϭⲱϣ (“Nubian”) and ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (Bohairic for “day”) is explained.
Marsilius von Inghen. Christliche Ethik für das Leben in der Welt
Authors: Manfred Schulze
Published: January 2020

Marsilius of Inghen develops his concept of Christian ethics in his Commentary on the Sentences. He bases his teaching on the fundament of Aristotle’s philosophy: all human beings are able to act rationally, and therefore they are able to act morally. Against contemporary philosophical rationalisms Marsilius contends that criterion of what is good was settled by God in such an infallible way that any competitive concepts of the good and evil would be vane speculations of no real value for theology. God wants virtues so decisively that they are obligatory and natural for all humans. In accordance with the spirit of his times Marsilius distinguishes common virtues from the theological ones. Faith, hope and love differ from common virtues as they refer directly to God but they cooperate with them in that they direct man’s natural life. Marsilius focuses on the question of how love to God determines the true goodness of virtues as contrasted to the goodness of the natural virtues that can be seen in actions of Pagans; those were perceived by St Augustine as seeming virtues. Marsilius choses the middle way and he acknowledges that virtues of men who do not know and love God, are virtues with God’s aid. All that can be classified as moral depends on God. Nonetheless, those and only those natural actions that provide us with authentic knowledge of God and love to Him, can be called salutary. Marsilius was a disciple of John Buridan and knew his thesis that the will and reason, without God’s influence, can produce moral actions. Marsilius did not mention Buridan but he, though evaluating his thoughts as profound and acceptable, rejected his principal thesis: nature is not able to self-realization because sins have not left it untouched. True morality requires relation to God and it becomes actual by the love of God. The space, in which this realization takes place, is natural human life. Marsilius upholds St Augustine’s notion of ordo caritatis – its direct source is probably Peter Lombard. The love of God develops in society. Marsilius defends his concept of God’s love acting within the world against the variety of objections. Christian ethics realizes within particular social structures and necessary compromises. Ordo caritatis does not pass by the world, by contrast it establishes its order. Marsilius is not a monk like theologian, instead he is a secular theologian; and this can be perceived above all in his concept of Christian ethics that is worldly biased.
Kepatuhan Petugas Kesehatan Terhadap Standar Pelayanan Antenatal Yang Berkualitas Di Puskesmas Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Maryono Maryono
Published: January 2020

Selama tahun 2014 - 2016, cakupan pelayanan antenatal (ANC) kabupaten Karawang selain melampaui dari target, cakupan ini juga diatas cakupan provinsi dan nasional. Meskipun cakupan ANC mengalami peningkatan, namun kabupaten Karawang menempati rangking kedua kabupaten di Jawa Barat yang jumlah kematian ibu terbanyak. Tingginya hasil cakupan ANC (kuantitatif), namun masih tingginya jumlah kematian ibu, hal ini menunjukkan masih rendahnya kualitas ANC di kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran kepatuhan petugas kesehatan dalam melaksanakan standar pelayanan antenatal. Lokasi penelitian di Puskesmas Rengasdengklok, Puskesmas Ciampel, dan Puskesmas Jatisari Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan cara interaktif yang terdiri atas: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi, analisis kasus negatif, member check, dan low inference descriptor (verbatim), dan diskusi teman sejawat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petugas kesehatan pada tiga puskesmas lokus penelitian lebih berfokus pada kebijakan, sarana dan prasarana, standar operasional prosedur, dan koordinasi tim. Kepatuhan petugas kesehatan akan lebih baik jika ada kebijakan yang lebih memadai, kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana, standar operasional prosedur yang jelas, dan koordinasi tim yang lebih serta kepemimpinan yang kuat.
Albiflorin Ameliorates Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice Induced by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
Authors: Jun Wang , Yanfang Wan , Nan Zheng
Published: January 2020

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with a high recurrence rate leading to suicidal thoughts in some cases. Albiflorin is a monoterpene glycoside that is commonly used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of albiflorin on depression is unclear and remains to be investigated. To this end, a mouse model of depression was established via chronic unpredictable mild stress treatment. Next, the effects of albiflorin on depression in these mice were evaluated using the sucrose preference test, forced swim test, tail suspension test, and open field test. The results showed that chronic unpredictable mild stress decreased sucrose consumption, while albiflorin (10 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased sucrose consumption just as fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), a drug commonly used to treat depression. Moreover, both albiflorin and fluoxetine demonstrated significant decrease in immobility time in the forced swim test and tail suspension test with no change in spontaneous locomotor activities. Finally, the underlying mechanism of albiflorin was evaluated using western blot. Results showed an up-regulation of phospho-Akt without changing total-Akt, indicating that albiflorin improved the depression symptoms via inactivation of the Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, albiflorin might be a potential therapeutic treatment for depression.
Polydatin Attenuates Carbachol-induced Contraction of Guinea Pig Gallbladder
Authors: Lei Chen , Xiang Pan , Yonggang Shen , Kai Song , Xingguo Zhong , Shengxiu Liu , Bing Shen , Juan Du
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to determine whether polydatin, a glucoside of resveratrol isolated from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum, warranted development as a potential therapeutic for ameliorating the pain originating from gallbladder spasm disorders and the underlying mechanisms. Guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscles were treated with polydatin and specific inhibitors to explore the mechanisms underpinning polydatin-induced relaxation of carbachol-precontracted guinea pig gallbladder. Our results shown that polydatin relaxed carbachol-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner through the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathways as well as the myosin light chain kinase and potassium channels. Our findings suggested that there was value in further exploring the potential therapeutic use of polydatin in gallbladder spasm disorders.
Breviscapine Induces Breast Cancer Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Modulating the Jak-Stat Pathway
Authors: Lan Zhang , Yuqin Lu , Siyuan Yin , Yaobing Luo
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of breviscapine arrest in the development of breast cancer cells. Cell viability, cycle arrest, and apoptosis were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazoliumbromide assay and flow cytometry in MCF-7 cells treated with increasing concentrations of breviscapine. In addition, the expression level of cyclin D1, p21, cleaved caspase-3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, p-Janus kinase 2 and p-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 was analyzed using western blot assay. The results showed that breviscapine suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Breviscapine also increased MCF-7 cell number in the G1 phase and decreased that in the S phase. Moreover, cyclin D1, p-JAK2/JAK2, and p-STAT3/STAT3 expression levels were down-regulated, while p21, cleaved caspase-3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase expression levels were up-regulated in breviscapine-treated MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, breviscapine regulates breast cancer viability, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner by modulating the JAK-STAT pathway.
Alantolactone Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Inhibiting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yanyan Hao , Xiaojing Zou , Xielong Xiang
Published: January 2020

Cisplatin is one of the potent chemotherapeutic drugs widely used for the treatment of various types of cancers. However, nephrotoxicity severely restricts the use of this anticancer drug. Alantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone that exerts a number of biologic properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antibacterial activities. This study investigated the role of alantolactone in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and the underlying mechanism. Results showed that alantolactone significantly increased the viability of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) exposed to cisplatin. Besides, alantolactone inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, as well as the production of nitric oxide. Moreover, alantolactone inhibited the cisplatin-induced increased expression of p-p38/p38, p-JNK/JNK, p-ERK/ERK, and p-p65/p65, which is related to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. This study suggests that alantolactone attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, alatolactone could be a potential candidate compound for cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
PENENTUAN LUAS PENAMPANG REL DAYA DITINJAU DARI NAIKNYA TEMPERATUR SAAT TERJADINYA HUBUNG SINGKAT
Authors: Nasution Ramayulis
Published: January 2020

Sistem tenaga listrik terdiri dari pembangkit, transmisi dan distribusi serta pusat beban. Sistem ini tidak terlepas dari setiap gangguan eksternal maupun internal yang mengakibatkan tidak berjalannya sistem dengan semestinya.Gangguan hubung singkat misalnya dapat menimbulkan temperatur rel daya naik secara mendadak dan berlebihan sehingga mengakibatkan berkurangnya kekuatan mekanis rel daya menyebabkan teputusnya rel daya (Bus bar) tersebut. Dalam menentukan luas minimum penampang rel daya perlu diperhitungan temperatur gangguan hubung singkat guna mencegah kerusakan mekanis rel daya. Untuk itulah maka penulis mengadakan Penelitian di  Gardu Induk Tanjung Morawa untuk mengetahui Penentuan Luas Penampang Rel Daya ditinjau dari naiknya Temperatur saat terjadinya hubung singkat.
STUDI AKSESIBILITAS TRANSPORTASI BERKELANJUTAN UNTUK PENYANDANG CACAT (DISABILITAS) DI PUSAT KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Wiwin Nurzanah Ida Deliyarti Agustina,
Published: January 2020

Transportasi berkelanjutan merupakan bagian dari konsep kota berkelanjutan (sustainable city), yaitu transportasi yang berbasis pada kelangsungan seluruh sistem transportasi dengan berpegang teguh pada keselarasan terhadap lingkungan alam dan manusia disekitarnya. Prinsip persamaan/kesetaraan (equality) sebagai salah satu prinsip dasar sustainable city diaplikasikan dalam bentuk studi aksesibilitas sebuah sistem transportasi dikawasan pusat Kota Medan. Studi ini menganalisa dan membahas jalur - jalur lalu lintas yang didalamnya terdapat elemen transportasi   antara lain halte, terminal kecil/pengumpan (feeder), dan pedestrian. Aksesibilitas menghubungkan perjalanan yang dilakukan secara bersama - sama orang normal dan penyandang cacat dalam memanfaatkan fasilitas transportasi di dalam ruang kota. Aksesibilitas juga menghubungkan pusat   – pusat aktifitas didalam kota seperti pusat perbelanjaan, tempat pendidikan, sarana kesehatan, tempat ibadah, perkantoran dan kawasan bisnis. Aksesibilitas adalah derajat kemudahan yang dicapai oleh orang, terhadap suatu objek, pelayanan ataupun lingkungan. Aksesibilitas tersebut akan berfungsi sangat baik bilamana kemudahan mencapai tempat - tempat yang akan dituju dan seluruh elemen transportasi yang dimaksud terhubung dengan baik pula. Tahapan kerja dalam  penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan studi aksesibilitas terhadap sistem transportasi dipusat aktifitas Kota Medan, dengan metode penelitian yaitu mengevaluasi jalur transportasi dikawasan pusat aktifitas Kota Medan, menganalisa titik letak elemen transportasi seperti halte, terminal kecil/pengumpan (feeder). Trotoar/pedestrian rambu - rambu/signage yang informatife bagi penyandang cacat, dan angkutan umum yang dapat digunakan bersama oleh orang normal dan penyandang cacat dengan  rute angkutan umum yang efektif melintasi pusat - pusat aktifitas di pusat Kota Medan seperti perkantoran, pusat perbelanjaan, tempat ibadah, dan sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat studi penelaahan aksesibilitas sebagai penghubung dari sistem transportasi  yang terintegrasi sehingga dapat digunakan secara bersama-sama dengan penyandang cacat (disabilitas) di kawasan pusat Kota Medan.
MANUFAKTUR PANEL MATERIAL KOMPOSIT DENGAN METODE INFUSI RESIN
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: January 2020

Pembuatan alat ini ditujukan untuk menghasilkan suatu produk panel rata ataupun bentuk lain yang terbuat dari bahan komposit polimer yang diperkuat serat dengan metode infusi resin. Bahan polimer yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah polimer epoksi Eposchon A&B yang diperkuat serat gelas woven roving 600. Pompa vakum digunakan untuk menginfus resin kedalam cetakan yang telah diisi dengan serat. Trap pot ditempatkan antara selang keluar cetakan dan pompa vakum. Kain teflon dan Peel ply digunakan untuk memudahkan melepaskan produk panel. Lembar plastik vakum digunakan untuk menutup seluruh cetakan dan sisi luar lembar plastik direkatkan pada plat baja menggunakan sealing tape agar cetakan kedap udara. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa produk panel komposit yang diproduksi memiliki kualitas yang baik dengan ketebalan panel yang merata dan void (gelembung udara) yang sangat sedikti pada permukaan panel.  Disamping itu, kekuatan tarik dan modulus elastisitas yang diperoleh memiliki nilai yang relatif konstan.
GENETIC ALGORITHM UNTUK OPTIMUM KELUARAN DAYA MODUL PHOTOVOLTA
Authors: Abdulatif Basyir Bin
Published: January 2020

Pada masa kini, orang mencari pilihan tenaga alternatif yang lebih baik yang dapat menghasilkan tenaga hijau. Tenaga solar adalah salah satu pilihan terbaik yang kami ada. Ia menghasilkan tenaga bersih dan tidak menghilangkan sebarang pencemaran terhadap alam sekitar. Modul fotovoltaik boleh mengubah tenaga secara langsung dari matahari menjadi tenaga elektrik. Projek ini membentangkan penyelidikan mengenai daya output optimum modul photovoltaic dengan menggunakan algoritma genetik. Data suhu dan radiasi matahari berdasarkan Pusat Cemerlang untuk Tenaga Diperbaharui (CERE) yang terletak di Kangar digunakan untuk menganalisis kekuatan output optimum modul photovoltaic. Berdasarkan data harian sinar matahari, lengkung I-V boleh menghasilkan. Daya maksima akan dihasilkan daripada kurva I-V dengan menggunakan perisian MATLAB. Oleh itu, ia membolehkan kita memperoleh keputusan untuk mencari daya output optimum daripada modul photovoltaic.
ANALISA MEMBANDINGKAN HASIL KOMPRESI FILE MPEG-4 DAN FLV MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA HUFFMAN DAN LZ77
Authors: Wahyuni Meri Sri
Published: January 2020

MPEG-4 dan FLV adalah contoh  format extension file video. MPEG-4 adalah suatu metode untuk melakukan kompresi video. Pada prinsipnya, sebuah gambar bergerak adalah sekumpulan frame yang mengalir dengan cepat, di mana setiap frame adalah gambar dengan kata lain, sebuah frame adalah kombinasi pixelpixel, dan sebuah video adalah kombinasi fisik dari frame-frame yang dikirim secara bergantian. FLV adalah video dengan format flash movie yang digunakan di internet. Algoritma Huffman menggunakan Huffman Coding ketika endcode data sebagai pola biner, biasanya menggunakan sejumlah bit yang tetap untuk setiap simbol. Algoritma kompresi LZ77 melakukan kompresinya dengan mengganti porsi data dengan suatu referensi untuk menyamakan data yang sudah dilewati oleh encoder dan decoder. Algoritma ini menggunakan suatu sliding window yang terdiri dari search buffer dan look-ahead buffer. Search buffer digunakan sebagai kamus, sedangkan look-ahead buffer merupakan buffer yang berisi string yang akan dikompresi.
Comparing Observed Stellar Kinematics and Surface Densities in a Low-latitude Bulge Field to Galactic Population Synthesis Models
Authors: Terry Sean K. , Barry Richard K. , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Anderson Jay , Penny Matthew T.
Published: January 2020

We present an analysis of Galactic bulge stars from Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 observations of the Stanek window (l, b = [0.25, −2.15]) from two epochs approximately two years apart. This data set is adjacent to the provisional Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) microlensing field. Proper motions are measured for approximately 115,000 stars down to 28th mag in V band and 25th mag in I band, with accuracies of 0.5 mas yr−1 (20 km s−1) at I ≈ 21. A cut on the longitudinal proper motion μ

l
allows us to separate disk and bulge populations and produce bulge-only star counts that are corrected for photometric completeness and efficiency of the proper-motion cut. The kinematic dispersions and surface density in the field are compared to the nearby SWEEPS sight line, finding a marginally larger-than-expected gradient in stellar density. The observed bulge star counts and kinematics are further compared to the Besançon, Galaxia, and GalMod Galactic population synthesis models. We find that most of the models underpredict low-mass bulge stars by ∼33% below the main-sequence turnoff, and upwards of ∼70% at redder J and H wavebands. While considering inaccuracies in the Galactic models, we give implications for the exoplanet yield from the WFIRST microlensing mission.
Interpolation of Turbulent Magnetic Fields and Its Consequences on Cosmic Ray Propagation
Authors: Schlegel L. , Frie A. , Eichmann B. , Reichherzer P. , Tjus J. Becker
Published: January 2020

Numerical simulations of the propagation of charged particles through magnetic fields solving the equation of motion often leads to the usage of an interpolation in the case of discretely defined magnetic fields, typically given on a homogeneous grid structure. However, the interpolation method influences the magnetic field properties and, therefore, also the propagation of particles through these fields. To determine the resulting error, we compare three different interpolation routines—trilinear, tricubic, and nearest neighbor interpolation—in the case of isotropic, turbulent magnetic fields. First, we analyze the impact of the different interpolation methods on the root mean square field strength, the divergence, and the spectrum of the turbulent magnetic field. Here, the nearest neighbor interpolation shows some clear benefits compared with the trilinear method; however, that changes significantly if we consider the particle propagation. In principle, a better interpolation method also yields a better description of the particle transport. In the case of field line random walk, it is shown that none of these methods, especially not the nearest neighbor interpolation, is able to yield an accurate description of the diffusion coefficient, exposing the need for a continuous, grid-less turbulent magnetic field. We optimize the performance of an algorithm that generates such a magnetic field by more than an order of magnitude. Further, the necessary number of wave-modes is determined, so that this continuous method supports realistic simulations over a larger energy range without limitations by the available memory.
Two-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: A First Detection of Atmospheric Circular Polarization at Q band
Authors: Petroff Matthew A. , Eimer Joseph R. , Harrington Kathleen , Ali Aamir , Appel John W. , Bennett Charles L. , Brewer Michael K. , Bustos Ricardo , Chan Manwei , Chuss David T. , Cleary Joseph , Couto Jullianna Denes , Dahal Sumit , Dünner Rolando , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Rojas Pedro Fluxá , Gothe Dominik , Iuliano Jeffrey , Marriage Tobias A. , Miller Nathan J. , Núñez Carolina , Padilla Ivan L. , Parker Lucas , Reeves Rodrigo , Rostem Karwan , Nunes Valle Deniz Augusto , Watts Duncan J. , Weiland Janet L. , Wollack Edward J. , Xu 徐智 Zhilei 磊
Published: January 2020

The Earth’s magnetic field induces Zeeman splitting of the magnetic dipole transitions of molecular oxygen in the atmosphere, which produces polarized emission in the millimeter-wave regime. This polarized emission is primarily circularly polarized and manifests as a foreground with a dipole-shaped sky pattern for polarization-sensitive ground-based cosmic microwave background experiments, such as the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS), which is capable of measuring large angular scale circular polarization. Using atmospheric emission theory and radiative transfer formalisms, we model the expected amplitude and spatial distribution of this signal and evaluate the model for the CLASS observing site in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Then, using two years of observations at 32.°3 to 43.7 GHz from the CLASS Q-band telescope, we present a detection of this signal and compare the observed signal to that predicted by the model. We recover an angle between magnetic north and true north of −5.°5 ± 0.°6, which is consistent with the expectation of −5.°9 for the CLASS observing site. When comparing dipole sky patterns fit to both simulated and data-derived sky maps, the dipole directions match to within a degree, and the measured amplitudes match to within ∼20%.
Risk Factors Associated with Premature Hair Greying of Young Adult
Authors: Anggraini Dwi Rita , Feriyawati Lita , Hidayat Hidayat , Wahyuni Arlinda Sari
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Many researchers have been indicated that premature hair greying (PHG) may be associated with the multifactorial problem include genetic, trace elements deficiencies and some medical problems such as metabolic disorders. However, the risk factors for premature hair greying are not well known for young adult.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of hair greying in young adult.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study recruited 100 respondents of a college student at the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) with the inclusion criteria: male, less than 25 years old with hair greying and not have skin pigmentation disorders. The questionnaires about greying of hair status, family history of greying and history of family disease were collected by self-report.
RESULTS: The age of participants in this study was 20.09 ± 2.01 years (mean ± SD). The mean onset of PHG was 15.23 ± 3.52 years (range: 9 – 22 years). The family history of PHG was 39% with paternal in 262%; maternal in 10%% and both parents in 3%. There was a significant difference between several grey hairs with a family history of PHG P = 0.045. The family history with metabolic disorders; hypertension was 29%, obesity was 25%, and diabetes Mellitus (DM) was 15%. Limitations: Owing to the use of questionnaires, the possibility of recall bias exists. The young female was not evaluated in this study.
CONCLUSION: The family history of PHG and onset of greying are important risk factors associated with PHG of a young adult.
Chemometric Calculation for Determination of Betamethasone and Neomycin Mixture in Cream Supply by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bachri Muchlisyam , Reveny Julia , Permata Yade Metri , Panjaitan D. N.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Chemometric can be defined as a branch of analytical chemistry using statistical principles to design and select optimal analytical procedures and experiments. The chemometric technique that applies in the design of quantitative calibration curves in the spectral analysis is very important in quality control of the component contained in the drug mixture of 2 or 3 drug components or more, especially the component that has the adjacent wavelength when the spectrum overlap. 
AIM: The purpose of this study was to conduct research that examines betamethasone and neomycin mixture in cream with the UV spectrophotometric methods using a chemometric calculation.
METHODS: Chemometric calculation for determination of betamethasone and neomycin mixture in cream supply by ultraviolet spectrophotometric.
RESULTS: The result of betamethasone and neomycin levels were 91.35% and 97.56%, relative standard deviation (RSD) for betamethasone and neomycin 0.93%; 1.73% and recovery percentage 99.09%; 99.94%. On the multivariate calibration of PLS ​​betamethasone and neomycin with each RMSEC value of 0.0230 and 0.3553 with the value of RMSECV 0.7187 and 0.3586 with RMSEP value 0.1558 and 0.0820. Thus, the predictive ability of the research is still acceptable and is well used for grade determination of betamethasone and neomycin content ​​fulfil the requirement for cream preparation according to USP edition XXX.
CONCLUSION: Methods of UV spectrophotometric with chemometric can be used in the determination of BET and NEO levels in cream preparations and BET level is 91.35% with a range of 90-110%, and NEO level is 97.56% with a range of 94.45-98.71%. These levels have met the requirements of the levels listed in Indonesian Pharmacopoeia, 2014.
The Antifungal Activity of n-Hexane Extract of Eleutherine palmifolia (L). Merr Bulbs Against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Masfria Masfria , Tampubolon Mitra S. A.
Published: January 2020

AIM: This research aimed to determine the characteristics of dried bulbs of Eleutherine palmifolia, the group of active chemical compounds contained in n-hexane extract of Eleutherine palmifolia bulbs and the antifungal activity of n-hexane extract of Eleutherine palmifolia bulbs against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
METHODS: The Eleutherine palmifolia bulbs were extracted by percolation method using n-hexane solvent. The extract was tested for its antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by diffusion method using paper discs.
RESULTS: The characterisation of dried Eleutherine palmifolia bulbs were obtained water content 9.38%, water-soluble extract content 12.15%, ethanol-soluble extract content 14.48%, total ash content 0.91%, and acid insoluble ash content 0.70%. Determination of Phytochemical content showed alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, glycoside, and steroid/triterpenoid compounds. The antifungal activity of Eleutherine palmifolia bulbs n-hexane extract (EPBHE) by concentration 200 mg/ml demonstrated the inhibition diameter of 19.48 and 42.20 mm for Candida albicans and Trichophyton metagrophytes, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The antifungal test indicates that n-hexane extract of Eleutherine palmifolia bulbs provides inhibitory power to Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Antioxidant Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil on Urea and Creatinine Levels on Maximum Physical Activity
Authors: Sinaga Fajar Apollo , Harahap Urip , Silalahi Jansen
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Maximal physical activity can produce an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants which are possibly related to fatigue and tissue injury. One of the natural sources that contain antioxidants is virgin coconut oil (VCO).
AIM: This study aimed to determine the protective effects antioxidant of virgin coconut oil (VCO) treatment on urea and creatine level on maximum physical activity
METHODS: This study used 24 healthy male rats. The rats were divided into four groups, randomly consisted of six rats in each group. The control group (P0) was given 2 mL water, the treatment groups (VCO-1, VCO-2, and VCO-4) were given VCO 1 mL/200 gBW, 2 mL/200 gBW and 4 ml/200 gBW, respectively, per day using gavage spuit. After 28 days, the rats were forced to perform maximal activity by putting the rats in water with no exit. Blood samples were collected immediately after the maximum physical activity. The urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde and glutation peroxidase level was then measured.
RESULTS: This study used 24 healthy male rats. The rats were divided into four groups randomly consisted of six rats in each group. The control group (P0) was given 2 mL water, the treatment groups (VCO-1, VCO-2, and VCO-4) were given VCO 1 mL/200 gBW, 2 mL/200 gBW and 4 ml/200 gBW, respectively, per day using gavage spuit. After 28 days, the rats were forced to perform the maximal activity by putting the rats in water with no exit. Blood samples were collected immediately after the maximum physical activity. The urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase level was then measured.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that virgin coconut oil is effective in the prevention of oxidative stress following maximum physical activity.
Cyclin D1, Caspase 9 and P53 Expressions in T47D Cell Lines after Treatment of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles
Authors: Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Sumaiyah Sumaiyah
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: The application of nanotechnology is aimed to enhance the capability of the chemical compounds of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. leaves activity. The contact area of the particle surface becomes larger in nano size, which can increase the amount of the isolated active substance. The nanoparticles of this extract exhibited the most effective impact in decreasing the cell number of T47D by induction of apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle.
AIM: To evaluate the expressions of cyclin D1, caspase-9 and p53 in T47D cell lines treated by Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles (PAEEN).
METHODS: The inhibition of cyclin D1 was done by flow cytometry assay. The expression of cyclin D1, caspase-9 and p53 were observed by immunocytochemistry assay.
RESULTS: Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles (PAEEN) on concentration IC50 (89.2 µg/mL) inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 around 5.59%. Further, the immunocytochemistry assay indicated that there was an inhibition of cyclin D1, upregulation of caspase-9 and restoration of p53, indicated by their expression.
CONCLUSIONS: The Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles could be an effective anticancer by improving its downregulation on cyclinD1, upregulation caspase-9 and p53.