bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late‐onset glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery: Occurrence, visual acuity and risk factors: A 37‐year longitudinal follow‐up
Authors: Belitsky Yuri , Magnusson Gunilla , Nyström Alf , Zetterberg Madeleine , Kalaboukhova Lada
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of late‐onset glaucoma after surgery for congenital cataract in a cohort with long‐term follow‐up and to evaluate visual development following the diagnosis of postoperative glaucoma in comparison with no glaucoma development.

Methods

All children born between 1980 and 1997 in the western counties of Sweden who had undergone congenital cataract surgery were included (patients n = 77, eyes n = 122). Cataract was considered congenital if there was no proof of clear lens at birth. Medical records were reviewed with regard to onset of glaucoma, age at surgery, surgical technique, coexisting eye anomalies and changes in visual acuity. Glaucoma was considered late onset if occurring after 1 year following surgery.

Results

Total glaucoma prevalence was 14.8%, including late (10.7%) and early onset (4.1%), with a mean follow‐up of 23.2 ± 6.6 years. Microphthalmos was a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma (RR 7.75, p < 0.001). Bilaterally treated eyes had a mean visual acuity of 0.43 ± 0.33 (decimal value) at the last follow‐up. With glaucoma, mean visual acuity was 0.19 ± 0.17 (decimal value). Treated eyes of patients with unilateral cataract surgery had a lower visual acuity.

Conclusions

Life‐long follow‐up of all patients who have undergone surgery for congenital cataract in childhood is recommended. Annual check‐ups of adults, including measurements of IOP and visual acuity, are recommended for patients with microphthalmos and/or who had surgery <3 months of age.
Tectonic evolution of the Triassic Songpan‐Ganzi basin as constrained by a synthesis of multi‐proxy provenance data
Authors: Tang Yan , Yin An , Xu Xi , An Kaixuan , Zhang Yunpeng
Published: August 2022

The triangular Songpan‐Ganzi flysch terrane exposes a Triassic turbidite sequence with an average thickness of ca. 8 km. The sediments may have been accumulated in a remnant Paleo‐Tethyan ocean bounded by the converging North China, South China, and the Qiangtang terrane from three sides, or a back‐arc basin with an oceanic basement created during the Triassic closure of the Paleo‐Tethyan ocean. To differentiate the two competing models, we systematically reviewed the available provenance data that include U–Pb detrital zircon ages at the basin scale, paleocurrent directions, sandstone petrography, and heavy‐mineral assemblages from the Triassic Songpan‐Ganzi basin samples. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to differentiate competing hypotheses for detrital‐zircon provenance interpretations and DZmix modelling to quantify relative contributions of detrital zircon from all potential source areas for the Triassic Songpan‐Ganzi deposits. The most important result of this work is that the Songpan‐Ganzi basin had a stable and locally derived source system: the western, central and eastern sub‐basins were mainly sourced from the north whereas the easternmost and southeastern sub‐basins were mainly sourced from westernmost South China (i.e., the Longmen Shan area) and the Qiangtang terrane. The stability of the source areas around the Songpan‐Ganzi basin throughout the Triassic is most compatible with the remnant ocean model that predicts a long‐lived marine basin with a pre‐Triassic oceanic/continental basement trapped between converging continental blocks during the Triassic.
Role of behavioural and age‐related factors in the long‐term impact of tooth loss on oral health‐related quality of life: A 25‐year follow‐up of Swedish older adults
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Mastrovito Berit , Sannevik Josefine , Tsakos Georgios
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The primary aim of this study was to assess any long‐term association between tooth loss at age 50 and subsequent impaired oral health‐related quality of life, OHRQoL, at age 65, 70 and 75, adjusted for time invariant socio‐demographic‐and time variant behavioural and age‐related factors in terms of disadvantages with functional, social, health and psychological concerns. As a second aim, this study examined whether behavioural‐ and age‐related factors played a role in explaining any long‐term association between early tooth loss and subsequent OHRQoL.

Methods

In 1992, 6346 residents, aged 50, consented to participate in a prospective cohort study and 3060 completed postal questionnaire follow‐ups every fifth year (six in total) until 2017. Information on tooth loss was assessed at baseline at age 50. Behavioural‐ and age‐related covariates were assessed repeatedly at ages 65, 70 and 75. OHRQoL was the repeated outcome measure assessed by the Oral Impact on Daily Performance, OIDP at age 65, 70 and 75. Generalized Estimating Equations, GEE, with binomial logit function was used to test the association between tooth loss and prevalence of oral impacts (OIDP) adjusting for counfounders and potential mediators. The role of behavioural and age‐related factors in explaining the association between early tooth loss and OHRQoL was tested using the change in estimate approach.

Results

Tooth loss and time variant behavioural‐ and age‐related covariates associated independently with higher odds of impaired OHRQoL across time. The long‐term impact of tooth loss seemed to be partly explained by time variant covariates related to functional and psychological concerns. Participants who had excessive tooth loss at age 50 were 2.5 times more likely to experience oral impacts before adjustment of covariates. After adjustment of functional‐ and psychological‐covariates, participants were, respectively, 1.6 times and 1.4 times more likely to experience oral impacts.

Conclusion

This study revealed that early tooth loss at age 50 was independently associated with subsequent impaired OHRQoL at ages 65, 70 and 75. The aspects of behavioural‐ and age‐related factors in terms of disadvantages in functional and psychological concerns seemed to play a role in explaining the long‐term impact of tooth loss on impaired OHRQoL. A mid‐life approach to the prevention of tooth loss for the protection of subsequent adverse health outcomes should guide health promotion interventions and also be recognized by oral health care providers both for patient interaction and clinical decision making.
Growth pattern during early infancy, body mass index during childhood and childhood asthma
Authors: Kim Ju Hee , Ha Eun Kyo , Lee Seung Won , Cha Hye Ryeong , Baek Hey‐Sung , Han Man Yong
Published: August 2022

Background

There is a lack of longitudinal studies of associations between growth from infancy to childhood and asthma development.

Objective

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of weight change during infancy, body mass index (BMI) and the interaction of these factors on the risk of childhood asthma.

Methods

We enrolled children born in 2008 and 2009 at full‐term and with normal birth weight. The weight change in infancy was grouped into slow, on‐track and rapid. BMI status in childhood was stratified into low, normal and high groups and used as a time‐varying variable. The outcome was asthma, defined as two or more diagnoses of asthma separated by at least 1 year after 2 years of age. The risk of asthma was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression, with adjustment for sex, residence area at birth, economic status and feeding types in infancy.

Results

Of 917,707 children born in Korea in 2008 and 2009, 271,871 were eligible for analysis. The risk of asthma was greater in groups with low birth weight (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.08), rapid body weight change during early infancy (aHR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.10) and high BMI during childhood (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08). The interaction of weight change during early infancy with BMI during childhood was significant for asthma (p < .01). Rapid weight gain in infancy was associated with lower risk of asthma in those with low BMI during childhood; had no association with asthma in those with normal BMI during childhood; and was associated increased asthma risk in those with high BMI during childhood—aHR 1.26 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.33) and aHR 1.33 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.56) compared with on‐track and slow infant weight gain, respectively.

Conclusion

Low birth weight, high BMI during childhood and, in those with high childhood BMI, rapid weight gain during early infancy are associated with increased risk of childhood asthma.
A Gardos channelopathy associated with nonimmune hydrops and fetal loss
Authors: Ghesh Leïla , Besnard Thomas , Joubert Madeleine , Picard Véronique , Le Vaillant Claudine , Beneteau Claire
Published: August 2022

Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS) (MIM#194380) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of red blood cell permeability, characterized by a partially or fully compensated nonimmune hemolytic anemia. PIEZO1 is the major gene involved with hundreds of families described, some of which present transient perinatal edema of varying severity. A smaller subset of individuals harbors pathogenic variants in KCNN4, sometimes referred as “Gardos channelopathy.” Up to now, only six pathogenic variants in KCNN4 have been reported in 13 unrelated families. Unlike PIEZO1‐DHS, neither perinatal edema nor fetal loss has ever been observed linked to KCNN4‐DHS. We report the first fetal loss due to non‐immune hydrops fetalis related to a pathogenic 28 bp deletion (NM_002250.2: c.1109_1119+17del) in KCNN4. This observation underlies the need for very close monitoring of pregnancies when one parent is affected by DHS regardless of genotype (PIEZO1 or KCNN4).
Impact of negative pressure wound therapy on enteroatmospheric fistulation in the septic open abdomen
Authors: Kalaiselvan Ramya , Slade Dominic A. J. , Soop Mattias , Burnett Hugh , Lees Nicholas P. , Anderson Iain D. , Lal Simon , Carlson Gordon L.
Published: August 2022

Aim

The effect of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the pathogenesis and outcome of enteroatmospheric fistulation (EAF) in the septic open abdomen (OA) is unclear. This study compares the development and outcome of EAF following NPWT with that occurring in the absence of NPWT.

Methods

Consecutive patients admitted with EAF following abdominal sepsis at a National Reference Centre for intestinal failure between 01 January 2005 and 31 December 2015 were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups based on those that had been treated with NPWT and those that had not (non‐NPWT) and characteristics of their fistulas compared. Clinical outcomes concerning nutritional autonomy at 4 years and time to fistula development, size of abdominal wall defect and complete fistula closure were compared between groups.

Results

A total of 160 patients were admitted with EAF following a septic abdomen (31‐NPWT and 129‐non‐NPWT). Median (range) time taken to fistulation after OA was longer with NPWT (18 [5–113] vs. 8 [2–60] days, p = 0.004); these patients developed a greater number of fistulas (3 [2–21] vs. 2 [1–10], p = 0.01), involving a greater length of small bowel (42.5 [15–100] cm vs. 30 [3.5–170] cm, p = 0.04) than those who did not receive NPWT. Following reconstructive surgery, nutritional autonomy was similar in both groups (77% vs. 72%) and a comparable number of patients were also fistula‐free (100% vs. 97%).

Conclusions

Negative pressure wound therapy appears to be associated with more complex and delayed intestinal fistulation, involving a greater length of small intestine in the septic OA. This did not, however, appear to adversely affect the overall outcome of intestinal and abdominal wall reconstruction in this study.
Impact of type 2 diabetes on in vivo activities and protein expressions of cytochrome P450 in patients with obesity
Authors: Kvitne Kine Eide , Åsberg Anders , Johnson Line K. , Wegler Christine , Hertel Jens K. , Artursson Per , Karlsson Cecilia , Andersson Shalini , Sandbu Rune , Skovlund Eva , Christensen Hege , Jansson‐Löfmark Rasmus , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Robertsen Ida
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have not accounted for the close link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity when investigating the impact of T2DM on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. The aim was to investigate the effect of T2DM on in vivo activities and protein expressions of CYP2C19, CYP3A, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9 in patients with obesity. A total of 99 patients from the COCKTAIL study (NCT02386917) were included in this cross‐sectional analysis; 29 with T2DM and obesity (T2DM‐obesity), 53 with obesity without T2DM (obesity), and 17 controls without T2DM and obesity (controls). CYP activities were assessed after the administration of a cocktail of probe drugs including omeprazole (CYP2C19), midazolam (CYP3A), caffeine (CYP1A2), and losartan (CYP2C9). Jejunal and liver biopsies were also obtained to determine protein concentrations of the respective CYPs. CYP2C19 activity and jejunal CYP2C19 concentration were 63% (−0.39 [95% CI: −0.82, −0.09]) and 40% (−0.09 fmol/μg protein [95% CI: −0.18, −0.003]) lower in T2DM‐obesity compared with the obesity group, respectively. By contrast, there were no differences in the in vivo activities and protein concentrations of CYP3A, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9. Multivariable regression analyses also indicated that T2DM was associated with interindividual variability in CYP2C19 activity, but not CYP3A, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9 activities. The findings indicate that T2DM has a significant downregulating impact on CYP2C19 activity, but not on CYP3A, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9 activities and protein concentrations in patients with obesity. Hence, the effect of T2DM seems to be isoform‐specific.
Obstetric violence as immigration injustice: A view from the United States and Colombia
Authors: Wolf Allison B.
Published: August 2022

In September 2020, Project South, along with numerous other organizations, released a report detailing abuses in a Georgia Detention Center – including forced hysterectomies. Whatever other factors are at play, one of them is an intrinsic connection between obstetric violence against pregnant migrants and immigration injustice. It is not incidental that these acts – in US detention centers, along the US‐Mexico border, in Colombian hospitals and clinics – are being perpetrated on immigrant bodies. And it is not accidental or random which immigrant bodies are vulnerable to these violations. Understanding and confronting obstetric violence directed at pregnant migrants, though, requires reconceptualizing the nature of obstetric violence itself. In particular, we must recognize that obstetric violence against pregnant Latin American migrants in the United States and Colombia is a type of immigration injustice, a means to perpetrate immigration injustice, and a product of immigration injustice. As such, bioethicists need to collaborate with immigration scholars to resist it.

After providing some background on the nature of obstetric violence and some ways it is perpetuated against pregnant migrants in the United States and Colombia, I will give a brief overview of how I conceptualize immigration justice. From there, I explain how this type of obstetric violence constitutes a type of immigration injustice, a means to perpetrate immigration injustice, and a product of immigration injustice. My hope is that this analysis motivates bioethicists throughout the Americas to engage with immigration scholars and activists to confront the issue more forcefully.
Regulation concerns of supply and demand sides for aesthetic medicine from Chinese perspective
Authors: Feng Longfei , Zhai Xiaomei
Published: August 2022

Aesthetic medicine has become a booming industry in the world. However, there are widespread social and health risks posed by aesthetic medicine, including illegal practice, and misleading information from aesthetic medicine institutes. Social media and advertisement play important roles in leading to appearance anxiety among young people nowadays. Regarding the chaotic situation in the aesthetic medical field, there is a fact that the practice of aesthetic medicine has been marginally regulated, even in some developed countries. China has the largest population in the world as well as the large number of aesthetic medical customers. Regarding the protection of people from harm, there is a great challenge for the Chinese government. So, China has enacted the toughest governance these years both on the supply and demand side. Some of the strategies may be useful for health authorities in certain countries.
Research priorities to prevent and treat diabetic foot ulcers—A digital James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Kumlien Christine , Acosta Stefan , Björklund Sebastian , Lavant Eva , Lazer Victoria , Engblom Johan , Ruzgas Tautgirdas , Gershater Magdalena
Published: August 2022

Aim

To establish outcomes of a priority setting partnership between participants with diabetes mellitus and clinicians to identify the top 10 research priorities for preventing and treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership process was adapted into a digital format which involved a pilot survey to identify understandable uncertainties with high relevance for participants tested by calculating the content validity index; a main survey answered by 53 participants living with diabetes and 49 clinicians; and a final digital workshop to process and prioritise the final top 10 research priorities.

Results

The content validity index was satisfactory for 20 out of 25 uncertainties followed by minor changes and one additional uncertainty. After we processed the 26 uncertainties from the main survey and seven current guidelines, a list of 28 research uncertainties remained for review and discussion in the digital workshop. The final top 10 research priorities included the organisation of diabetes care; screening of diabetes, impaired blood circulation, neuropathy, and skin properties; vascular surgical treatment; importance of self‐care; help from significant others; pressure relief; and prevention of infection.

Conclusion

The top 10 research priorities for preventing and treating DFUs represent consensus areas from persons living with diabetes and clinicians to guide future research. These research priorities can justify and inform strategic allocation of research funding. The digitalisation of James Lind Alliance methodology was feasible.
Effect of abnormal credit expansion and contraction on GDP per capita in ECOWAS countries
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. , Oladipo Jide , Iorember Paul Terhemba
Published: August 2022

We investigate the impact of abnormal credit expansion and contraction on the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (CGDP) of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. We analyse abnormal credit from two dimensions: first, the impact of abnormal credit contraction on CGDP and, second, the impact of abnormal credit expansion on CGDP. Using data for 10 ECOWAS countries from 1993 to 2021, we find evidence that abnormal credit contraction reduces the CGDP of ECOWAS countries. We also find some evidence that abnormal credit expansion reduces the CGDP of ECOWAS countries. More specifically, a unit increase in abnormal credit contraction decreases CGDP by 0.99%, whereas a unit increase in abnormal credit expansion decreases CGDP by only 0.1%. The findings confirm that ‘too little’ or ‘too much’ credit does not improve growth per person in immature financial systems. We also observe that banking sector solvency and a strong legal system have a positive effect on the CGDP of ECOWAS countries, while banking sector efficiency has a negative effect on CGDP.
Cultivating Ethnographic Sensibilities in Ethnographies of Dying People
Authors: Arteaga Ignacia , Llewellyn Henry
Published: August 2022

Ethnographers engaged in fieldwork with people who are dying face particular demands concerning the nature and limits of their relationships. Drawing on case studies of two patients in the United Kingdom affected by ultimately fatal brain cancer and bowel cancer, we elaborate on the concept of ethnographic sensibility. We highlight the continual attunement of capacities that guide our participation in intersubjective encounters that are suffused by an “existential excess” and help make sense of rapid transformations in our relationships with those who are dying. We situate our approach to ethnographic sensibility within phenomenological notions of shared experience and social becoming to discuss some of the features and challenges of producing knowledge forms about the ends of life.
The moderating effects of L2 proficiency on the relationship between reading and writing in L2 and across L1 and L2
Authors: Kim Kyung Ja , Pae Tae‐Il
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to examine the relationships between reading and writing, and the role of L2 proficiency in moderating these relationships, among 8th and 11th graders in South Korea. A total of 257 eighth and 322 eleventh graders learning English as a foreign language participated in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. The findings indicated that (1) reading and writing have a two‐way relationship regardless of grade levels, (2) a two‐way relationship between reading and writing exists not only within L2 but also across L1 and L2 (L1 reading → L2 writing, L1 writing → L2 reading), and (3) the strength of the relationship between reading and writing is moderated by the level of L2 proficiency. The authors discuss these results in terms of current research on reading–writing relationships and provide implications for pedagogy and future research.
Uncertainty analysis of multiple terrestrial gross primary productivity products
Authors: Zhang Yahai , Ye Aizhong
Published: August 2022

Aim

Gross primary productivity (GPP) of vegetation is an important component of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. With the development of science and technology, there has been a proliferation of multiple GPP products, yet large uncertainties exist in the global GPP estimated by different GPP products. The objectives of this study were to assess the uncertainty of 45 GPP products in 4 different categories (machine learning, Fluxnet, light use efficiency, land surface model) and to perform an attribution analysis.

Location

Global.

Time period

2003–2010.

Major taxa studied

Terrestrial ecosystems.

Methods

The three‐cornered hat (TCH) method was used to assess GPP uncertainty because it does not require a priori knowledge of the true GPP values. We also used generalized additive models to explore the contribution of different factors to GPP uncertainty.

Results

The results show that the magnitude of absolute uncertainty (AU) is generally higher in the GPP high‐value region and also indicate large spatial variability of relative uncertainty (RU) among products. Deciduous broadleaf forest (20.2 g C/m2/year) and deciduous needleleaf forest (27.2 g C/m2/ year) have lower uncertainty compared to that of woody savanna (128.4 g C/m2/ year) and savanna (128.7 g C/m2/year). The RU in machine learning (ML) products overall is low (average value = 14.3%), with ORCHIDEE‐CNP (weight = 4.19%), being more recognized by GPP products are more consistent in the magnitude of spatial variability (similar in the standard deviations) and more uncertain in spatial distribution patterns. Excluding the combined effects of other factors, soil moisture (15.2%) and precipitation (8.3%) are the two factors that contribute most to GPP uncertainty, indicating that focusing on water constraints is a guarantee of GPP product quality.

Main conclusions

The TCH approach quantifies the uncertainty of GPP products well and the spatial distribution pattern variability contributes more uncertainty compared to the magnitude of spatial variability. Future GPP estimates could consider combining the advantages of different GPP products to limit uncertainty.
Analysis of oral microbiota alterations induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and vonoprazan‐amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Hu Yi , Xu Xin , Ouyang Yao‐Bin , He Cong , Li Nian‐Shuang , Xie Chuan , Peng Chao , Zhu Zhen‐Hua , Xie Yong , Shu Xu , Lu Nong‐Hua , Zhu Yin
Published: August 2022

Background

The oral cavity is considered a potential reservoir of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and the imbalance of oral microbiota directly reflects the health of the host. We aimed to explore the relationship among oral microbiota, H. pylori infection, and vonoprazan‐amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy for H. pylori eradication.

Methods

Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients were randomized into low‐ or high‐dose VA dual therapy (i.e., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. or t.i.d. and vonoprazan 20 mg b.i.d) for 7 or 10 days. H. pylori‐negative patients served as normal controls. Saliva samples were collected from 41 H. pylori‐positive patients and 13 H. pylori‐negative patients. The oral microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis.

Results

Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients had higher richness and diversity and better evenness of oral microbiota than normal controls. Beta diversity analysis estimated by Bray–Curtis or weighted UniFrac showed distinct clustering between H. pylori‐positive patients and normal controls. The number of bacterial interactions was reduced in H. pylori‐positive patients compared with that in negative patients. Forty‐one patients evaluated before and after successful H. pylori eradication were divided into low (L‐VA) and high dose (H‐VA) amoxicillin dose groups. The alpha and beta diversity of the oral microbiota between L‐VA and H‐VA patients exhibited no differences at the three time points (before eradication, after eradication, and at confirmation of H. pylori infection cure).

Conclusion

Helicobacter pylori infection could alter the diversity, composition, and bacterial interactions of the oral microbiota. Both L‐VA and H‐VA dual therapy showed minimal influence on the oral microbiota.
Understanding the change in electrical resistance of TiO2 thin film irradiated with YVO4 third‐harmonic generation pulse laser
Authors: Tsutsumi Masaki , Tanaka Hidekazu
Published: August 2022

To selectively control the electrical resistance, thin films of TiO2 were irradiated with a YVO4 third‐harmonic generation pulse laser in various power conditions. It was observed that when the laser power was less than 0.26 W, the electrical resistance of thin films decreased with the increase in laser power, whereas when the laser power was more than 0.26 W, the electrical resistance increased as the laser power increases. The minimum electrical resistance of the irradiated thin film was found to be four orders of magnitude lower than that of the unirradiated thin film. X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that the valence of Ti ions in the thin films was reduced after laser irradiation, indicating the formation of oxygen vacancies with electron doping. The cross‐sectional observation by a scanning electron microscope revealed that high laser power irradiation caused the thin films to become porous, and the percolation theory explains the origin of the increase in electrical resistance with developing porous structure. We propose a phase diagram to completely explain the relationship between electrical resistance and laser power, which supply a guideline on laser modification in TiO2 electrical resistance.
Joining of aluminum and ceramic substrates by interposing molten aluminum–silicon alloy
Authors: Kita Ken'ichiro , Hotta Mikinori
Published: August 2022

The effects of interposing a molten aluminum alloy layer between pure aluminum and silicon nitride on the strength of joining and properties of the joined sample were investigated. An aluminum‐based alloy containing 12 wt% silicon with a melting point lower than the 660°C melting point of pure aluminum was joined to pure aluminum and a silicon nitride substrate by using polymethylphenylsiloxane. A specimen with the same joining area (1600 mm2) and no alloy layer was prepared for comparison. In thermal cycling tests of Δ190 K, cooled at –40°C and heated at 150°C, the specimen without the alloy layer failed after 200 cycles, whereas the specimen with the alloy layer failed after 500 cycles. The bending strength of the sample with the alloy was approximately 1.5 times that of the sample without the alloy. These results indicate that the alloy layer facilitated the strong joining of the aluminum and substrate.
The antimicrobial mechanism of Greek thyme honeys against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: a case study of comparison with Manuka honey
Authors: Masoura Maria , Gkatzionis Konstantinos
Published: August 2022

The antibacterial potential of honey has been of great scientific interest. Understanding the underlying mechanism is essential to explore its potential as therapeutic alternative against a range of (non)pathogenic microorganisms. The floral origin of honey is critical for its antibacterial activity and Greek thyme honeys have been of increasing interest due to their chemical composition and bioactivity. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of six Greek honeys, with different percentages of thyme pollen grains and two Manuka honeys were tested against four MRSA clinical isolates (ATCC 43300, 0791, 28965, 01322). Agar‐well diffusion assay and total viable counts were used to examine the antimicrobial strength of honeys, while the effect thereof on cellular redox state and cell membrane was tested by flow cytometry. Thyme honeys had superior or equal antimicrobial strength compared to this of Manuka, while thermal processing did not significantly affect this activity. Acidity and the high H2O2 content, common features for all thyme honeys, caused cellular oxidative damage and cell death unlike observed in Manuka‐treated populations. The activity of the monofloral thyme honey (74% thyme pollen) was higher than the other indigenous polyfloral samples, which confirms the medicinal importance of this medicinal plant.
The effect of talent management on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of nurses
Authors: Gül Duygu , Akkaya Gülnur , Yildirim Aytolan
Published: August 2022

Aim

To determine the effect of talent management on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of nurses and the mediating role of job satisfaction.

Background

Talent management plays a critical role in attracting, developing, and retaining nurses and is effective in the formation of job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Methods

This correlational study sample consisted of 482 volunteering nurses who were selected through a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using an information form, the Talent Management Scale, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Organizational Commitment Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, single linear regression, and hierarchical regression analysis. The Baron and Kenny model was used to determine the mediation effect.

Findings

Talent management affected the intrinsic, extrinsic subdimensions of job satisfaction and the total score and the affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment significantly and positively. Job satisfaction had a full mediating role in the effect of talent management on affective commitment and continuance commitment and a partial mediating role in affecting normative commitment.

Conclusion

Talent management in organizations can increase nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment and nurses' job satisfaction can play a mediating role in the effect of talent management on organizational commitment.

Implications for nursing and health policy

This study demonstrates that nurse managers and decision‐makers should adopt talent management practices in nursing. Desired results such as nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment can be achieved by focusing on the development of nurses' talents.
Integrated high strength and high toughness induced by elongated TiB2 grains in reactive sintered TiB2–TiC–SiC ceramics
Authors: Zhu Jianhua , Yue Xiaojun , Wang Dong , Jin Xing , Ran Songlin
Published: August 2022

Although the addition of other phases into TiB2 matrix to form ceramic composites has been widely used to improve the mechanical properties of monolithic TiB2 ceramics, it is still difficult to greatly enhance the flexural strength and fracture toughness simultaneously. In this work, TiB2–TiC–SiC composites were successfully prepared by reactive spark plasma sintering of Ti3SiC2–B4C–Ti powder mixtures. During the sintering process, TiB2 grains grew into an elongated morphology, endowing the composites with integrated high strength and high toughness. The growth mechanism of TiB2 grains was attributed to the evaporation–condensation kinetics induced by the presence of B2O3. These findings can accelerate the exploration of ceramic composites with excellent comprehensive properties.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto JLCC513 on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in obese rats
Authors: Sun Ruiyue , Niu Honghong , Sun Mubai , Miao Xinyu , Jin Xin , Xu Xifei , Yanping Chi , Mei Hua , Wang Jinghui , Da Li , Su Ying
Published: August 2022

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis natto JLCC513 (JLCC513) on gut microbiota, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in high-fat-diet (HFD) rats.

Methods and Results

Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were fed HFD for 16 weeks, and treated with JLCC513 in 9th week. The oral administration of JLCC513 decreased body weight and reduced the inflammation level in HFD rats. Pathologically, JLCC513 prevented the detachment of ileal villus and increased the villus height in rats. Mechanistically, western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins involved in intestinal barrier function, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-1, were increased after JLCC513 treatment. Meanwhile, JLCC513 treatment also decreased the protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), indicating inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Furthermore, faecal analysis showed that JLCC513 increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Oscillospira and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and decreased the levels of Blautia and C_Clostridium.

Conclusions

JLCC513 alleviated intestinal barrier dysfunction by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and regulating gut microbiota disorders.

Significance and Impact of Study

Our study might provide new treatment strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases.
A novel conceptual model of trauma‐informed care for patients with post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 illness (PASC)
Authors: Burton Candace W. , Downs Charles A. , Hughes Thomas , Lambert Natalie , Abrahim Heather L. , Herrera Maria Giraldo , Huang Yong , Rahmani Amir , Lee Jung‐Ah , Chakraborty Rana , Pinto Melissa D.
Published: August 2022

Aim

This paper proposes a novel, trauma‐informed, conceptual model of care for Post‐Acute Sequelae of COVID‐19 illness (PASC).

Design

This paper describes essential elements, linkages and dimensions of the model that affect PASC patient experiences and the potential impact of trauma‐informed care on outcomes.

Data sources

PASC is a consequence of the global pandemic, and a new disease of which little is known. Our model was derived from the limited available studies, expert clinical experience specific to PASC survivors and publicly available social media narratives authored by PASC survivors.

Implications for nursing

The model provides a critical and novel framework for the understanding and care of persons affected by PASC. This model is aimed at the provision of nursing care, with the intention of reducing the traumatic impacts of the uncertain course of this disease, a lack of defined treatment options and difficulties in seeking care. The use of a trauma‐informed care approach to PASC patients can enhance nurses' ability to remediate and ameliorate both the traumatic burden of and the symptoms and experience of the illness.

Conclusion

Applying a trauma‐informed perspective to care of PASC patients can help to reduce the overall burden of this complex condition. Owing to the fundamentally holistic perspective of the nursing profession, nurses are best positioned to implement care that addresses multiple facets of the PASC experience.

Impact

The proposed model specifically addresses the myriad ways in which PASC may affect physical as well as mental and psychosocial dimensions of health. The model particularly seeks to suggest means of supporting patients who have already experienced a life‐threatening illness and are now coping with its long‐term impact. Since the scope of this impact is not yet defined, trauma‐informed care for PASC patients is likely to reduce the overall health and systems burdens of this complex condition.
The work of managing a chronic illness: A job description
Authors: Kleman Carolyn , Magnus Jessica Mesmer , Andrews Martha , Meyer Kori , Lutz Barbara J.
Published: August 2022

Rationale

Self‐management of a chronic illness is a struggle for many patients. There is substantial evidence that patients are not as successful as they and their providers would like. Considering patient self‐management through an innovative and diverse lens could help patients, providers and the health care system to consider novel changes to improve success.

Aims and Objectives

To provide a complete view of patient work by utilizing the human resources management practice of job analysis to develop an initial job description for patients suffering from chronic illness.

Methods

Study design was descriptive qualitative with analysis aiming to identify those reoccurring ideas from the data. Thirty patients, with at least one chronic illness, in three focus groups were assembled for this study. Verbatim recordings and notes were used to categorize the data provided. Five coders analyzed the data independently, and jointly met to discuss the themes identified. Demographic data was collected via surveys.

Results

Patients with chronic illness engage in five primary ‘job’ duties including self‐care (actions taken to effectively manage physical and psychological symptoms), managing relationships (effective management of relationships with employers, family, friends and providers to ensure the best outcomes), managing resources (understanding and managing finances, health and prescription medication insurance), coordination (managing and scheduling visits to providers) and research/education (gathering information and conducting research relative to all aspects of managing one's illness). Relevant knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs) and other resources were identified that are necessary for patients to effectively perform the five job duties.

Conclusions

Creating a job description for the ‘job’ of patient is a crucial step in understanding the work chronically ill patients undertake. Knowing the duties, their associated tasks and KSAs, and resources required to perform those tasks enables patients and their providers and advocates to better identify ways to assist, relieve and encourage these patients in order to maximize patient success.
Prevalence of epitheliocystis in freshwater Atlantic salmon reared in flow‐through and recirculation aquaculture systems
Authors: Quezada‐Rodriguez Petra R. , Taylor Richard S. , Downes Jamie , Egan Fintan , White Samantha , Brenan Aisling , Rigby Megan , Nowak Barbara F. , Ruane Neil M. , Wynne James W.
Published: August 2022

Epitheliocystis, an intracellular bacterial infection in the gills and skin epithelium, has been frequently reported in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during freshwater production in a number of countries. This study describes the prevalence and intensity of a natural epitheliocystis infection present in the gills of two strains of Atlantic salmon reared in either a flow‐through (FT) or a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) in Ireland. Repeated sampling of gills prior to and throughout seawater transfer, histology and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to determine infection prevalence and intensity. Despite no clinical gill disease, and minor histopathological changes, epitheliocystis lesions were identified in histology at all time points. Specific PCR confirmed the presence of Candidatus Clavichlamydia salmonicola in both strains and its number of copies was correlated with intensity of epitheliocystis lesions. A significant interaction between hatchery system and fish strain on the prevalence and intensity of gill epitheliocystis was found both using histological and molecular methods. Specifically, fish from FT had higher prevalence and intensity than RAS reared fish and within FT, the Irish cohort were more affected than Icelandic.
LncRNA LINC00649 aggravates the progression of cervical cancer through sponging miR‐216a‐3p
Authors: Si Congying , Yang Lanlan , Cai Xu
Published: August 2022

Aim

Increasing studies have revealed the participation of lncRNAs in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. This study explored the influence of lncRNA LINC00649 in cervical cancer.

Methods

Expression of LINC00649 and miR‐216a‐3p in cervical cancer was detected by reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the clinical value of LINC00649 in cervical cancer. The roles of LINC00649 in cervical cancer cells were detected by transfecting siRNA through cellular function assays.

Results

LINC00649 expression was increased in cervical cancer tissues, especially in squamous histology, positive lymph node metastasis, and high‐FIGO stage tissues. The higher expression of LINC00649 predicted a shorter survival rate for patients. LINC00649 could bind directly with miR‐216a‐3p. Silence of LINC00649 could enhance the expression of miR‐216a‐3p and suppress the cervical cancer cell proliferation abilities, migration capacities, and invasion power. Whereas, transfection of miR‐216a‐3p inhibitor partially reverses the above cellular activities changes in cervical cancer cells.

Conclusions

The LINC00649 expression may act as a prognostic predictor and may aggravate cervical cancer progression by targeting miR‐216a‐3p, providing potential therapeutic targets for patients with cervical cancer.
Evaluation of white matter microstructure in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis with diffusion compartment imaging
Authors: Machado‐Rivas Fedel , Jaimes Camilo , Scherrer Benoit , Benson Leslie A. , Gorman Mark P. , Warfield Simon K. , Afacan Onur
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose

Pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) shows earlier axonal involvement and greater axonal loss than in adults. We aim to characterize the white matter (WM) microstructural changes in POMS using a diffusion compartment imaging (DCI) model and compare it to standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods

Eleven patients (2 males, mean age 18.8 ± 3.9 years) with a diagnosis of relapsing and remitting POMS (mean age at disease onset 13.8 ± 2.9 years, mean duration 5.1 ± 1.9 years) and healthy controls (8 males, mean age 26.4 ± 6.5 years) were recruited and imaged at 3 T. A 90‐gradient set Cube and Sphere acquisition and a novel DCI model known as DIstribution of Anisotropic MicrOstructural eNvironments with Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DIAMOND) were used to calculate a single anisotropic compartment, an isotropic compartment, and a free diffusion compartment. Lesions and contralateral normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients and whole brain WM for controls were labeled.

Results

Eleven patients and 11 controls were recruited. When comparing lesions and contralateral NAWM in patients using DCI, compartmental axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity (cRD), and mean diffusivity (cMD) were higher in lesions. Conversely, compartmental fractional anisotropy (cFA) and heterogeneity index were lower in lesions. An analysis of DTI equivalents showed the same trends. In whole‐brain NAWM of patients compared to controls, cRD and cMD were higher and cFA was lower in patients.

Conclusion

Lesions in POMS can be accurately characterized by a DCI model. Incipient changes in NAWM seen in DCI may not be readily observable by DTI.
The accuracy comparison of 3D‐printed post and core using castable resin and castable wax resin
Authors: Piangsuk Tarin , Henprasert Pantip , Boonsiriphant Piriya , Lindquist Terry J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to compare the accuracy of three‐dimensionally (3D) printed post and core fabricated with two different materials: reinforced wax and castable resin.

Materials and methods

Fifteen extracted single root central incisors were selected. Root canal treatment and tooth preparation for crown were performed on all teeth. Eleven millimeters post space was created with standardized prefabricated fiber post drill. Polyvinylsiloxane impression material was used for root canal impressions. Each impression was then 3D scanned using an extraoral scanner and cast posts and cores were designed using 3Shape software. The digitally designed post and cores were 3D printed with two different materials: castable wax resin and castable resin. The castable resin patterns were scanned before and after complete polymerization. The wax patterns were also scanned. Digital volumetric measurement using Geomagic® Control X™ software was performed to determine accuracy.

Results

The printed post and core had reduced volume (16.09 ± 3.839 mm3) compared to the digital design (17.828 ± 3.904, p < 0.05). Before complete polymerization, the accuracy of 3D printed resin pattern (16.464 ± 3.017) was found to be superior to post and core printed with wax (16.193 ± 3.018, p < 0.05). However, no volume difference was found between completely polymerized resin (16.09 ± 3.839) and wax (16.044 ± 3.834, p = 1).

Conclusion

3D printed post and core showed significant volume shrinkage from the digital files used to create them. However, different materials had no effect on the accuracy of 3D printed post and core.
Epilepsy in children exposed to family and domestic violence in the first 5 years of life
Authors: Orr Carol , Fisher Collen , O'Donnell Melissa , Glauert Rebecca , Preen David B
Published: August 2022

Aim

To investigate childhood (0–18 years) hospitalisation and emergency department (ED) contacts for epilepsy in Western Australian (WA) children exposed to family and domestic violence (FDV) pre 5 years of age compared to children with no FDV exposure.

Methods

A retrospective, population‐based cohort study included children born 1987–2010 who were identified as being exposed to FDV (n = 7018) from two sources: WA Police Information Management System and WA Hospital Morbidity Data Collection (HMDC) and a non‐exposed comparison group (n = 41 996). Epilepsy contact was identified in HMDC and ED Data Collection records. Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for epilepsy contact; adjustment was made for a range of demographic characteristics known to impact health outcomes. Analyses were stratified by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status to account for higher rates of FDV and epilepsy hospital admissions in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

Results

Children exposed to FDV had a 62% (HR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.33–1.98) increased risk of epilepsy contact than non‐exposed counterparts. Furthermore, the children exposed to FDV had a 50% longer average hospital stay for epilepsy than non‐exposed children (4.7 days vs. 3 days, P = 0.006). When stratified by Aboriginal status, we found that Aboriginal children exposed to FDV stayed (on average) 2 days longer in hospital for epilepsy than their non‐exposed counterparts (5.1 days vs. 3.1 days, P = 0.018).

Conclusions

FDV exposure in early childhood is associated with increased risk of requiring secondary health care and longer hospital stays for childhood epilepsy.