bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
API practices and paradigms: Exploring the protocological parameters of APIs as key facilitators of sociotechnical forms of exchange
Authors: Snodgrass Eric , Soon Winnie
Published: February 2019

The use of application programming interfaces (APIs) to develop and design technological forms of structured exchanges is an increasingly prevalent practice at present, allowing data to be shared, automated, circulated and redistributed in wider computational culture. Despite acting as key infrastructural elements and connectors, the prominence and importance of APIs is still under recognised. Via a brief survey of the history of API development and then closer regulatory and technical analysis of the long standing, non-profit net.art generator (nag) (1997), this study aims to bring to the fore key sociotechnical elements of API design. Particular attention is given to protocological forms of control as these can be enacted through APIs via the regulations, terms of service and specific operational processes and affordances of fetching networked data. net.art generator uses the Google API and URL and specific attention is given to Google’s setting of terms for exchange. In doing so, we give a few suggestions for how anyone working with APIs might think through certain key questions around the creation and use of APIs, particularly in regards to the parameters of openness, accessibility and terms of inclusivity that APIs set upon practices of knowing, sharing, participation and exchange.
A Hybrid Performance: East African Spirit Possession and Sri Lankan Manhas
Authors: Jayasuriya Shihan de Silva
Published: February 2019

The encounter of people from across the Indian Ocean was spurred by the growth of trade leading to colonisation. Enslaved Africans fell victim to the slave trade but held onto their cultural memories and religious practices. I theorise on the religious and spiritual aspects of the musical practices of an Afro–Sri Lankan community.
“I'm a Muslim … What's Wrong with That?”: Representational Interventions in Islamophobia at the Muhammad Ali Center
Authors: McCormack Michael Brandon
Published: February 2019

This article examines the role of the Muhammad Ali Center, in Louisville, Kentucky, as a significant site for challenging Islamophobia. The article focuses on how representational interventions and programmatic initiatives disrupt intensifications of anti-Black, anti-immigrant, and anti-Islamic sentiments in public discourses while fostering an alternative, inclusive vision of human flourishing.
The Long Arc of Islamophobia: African Slavery, Islam, and the Caribbean World
Authors: Escalante Alejandro
Published: February 2019

This article positions “Islamophobia” in the context of transatlantic slavery, arguing that in order to understand the long history of anti-Muslim bias in the Americas, one must understand anti-Black and anti-African sentiments in Europe. The proposed reorientation illustrates the coimbrication of anti-African and anti-Black biases implicitly present in “Islamophobia.”
A Stakeholder Relationship Framework for a Sustainable and Effective Business Strategy
Authors: Vernizzi Silvia , Beretta Zanoni Andrea , Moggi Sara , Cantele Silvia
Published: February 2019

Several studies have underlined the importance of including sustainability issues in business models, yet little is known on ways in which to embed stakeholders’ influence in defining and executing firm strategies. In light of this gap, this study inductively develops a framework for stakeholder relationship assessment, which suggests methods to evaluate relationships between the firm and stakeholders, with a dual aim: to embed more sustainable strategies in business models and to make strategy execution more effective and less risky. In doing so, a case study is conducted on Science Lab owing to the multiple stakes of its stakeholders. It presents a unique example on how stakeholder relationships were evaluated for making a strategic decision that, in this case, was whether to close (or not) the organization. This study contributes to the existing literature stressing the role of stakeholders in influencing strategy realization and proposes a useful managerial tool to improve the effectiveness of strategy execution through a better understanding of the role played by each stakeholder.
Codzienność świetlicy terapeutycznej widziana oczami dziecka
Authors: Pietruńko Renata
Published: February 2019

W artykule koncentruję się na postrzeganiu przez dzieci codzienności w świetlicy terapeutycznej, w której spędzają czas po szkole. W swoich badaniach oddałam głos małym podopiecznym, żeby mogli opowiedzieć, czym dla nich jest to miejsce. Prezentuję wypowiedzi dzieci, które codziennie przez kilka godzin przebywają w świetlicy.
Moje badania sytuuję w nurcie jakościowym, w badaniu stosuję analizę osobistych dokumentów intencjonalnie tworzonych, są to wypowiedzi pisemne dzieci, które zawierają ich ocenę, przemyślenia, refleksje i odczucia jakich doświadczają w związku z pobytem w świetlicy.
Rzadko z punktu widzenia dziecka opisywane są zjawiska, miejsca i procesy. Celem mojej pracy badawczej jest poznanie, zrozumienie i opisanie świata świetlicy widzianego oczami dzieci, uczestników oferowanego wsparcia. W badaniach szukam odpowiedzi na pytanie: Jak dzieci postrzegają codzienność w świetlicy terapeutycznej? Opisu dokonuję według wyłonionych z wypowiedzi dzieci kategorii.
Z analizy wypowiedzi pisemnych dzieci, dotyczących postrzegania przez dzieci świetlicy, w której spędzają codziennie czas po szkole wynikają następujące wnioski. Dzieci lubią przebywać w świetlicy, czują się bezpiecznie, miło spędzają czas i dobrze się bawią, ich zdaniem w świetlicy dużo się dzieje, świetlica to bardzo „fajne” miejsce. W świetlicy dzieci mają dużo kolegów i koleżanek. Lubią personel świetlicy. Lubią uczestniczyć w organizowanych w świetlicy zajęciach, mają swoje ulubione zabawy i gry. Dzieci lubią także spędzać czas na świeżym powietrzu, na placu zabaw, na Orliku, na spacerach i wycieczkach. Dzieciom podoba się wyposażenie świetlicy, szczególnie zabawki oraz pomieszczenia, zwłaszcza lubią przebywać w kuchni.
Der Bundesrat in der Parteiendemokratie
Authors: Schmedes Hans-Jörg
Published: February 2019

In Germany, the Bundesrat (Federal Council) embodies the tension between parliamentary competition and federal negotiation in a special way. However, its structures and procedures are often considered to be opaque and incomprehensible. Moreover, the Federal Government’s lack of a political majority in the Bundesrat often furthers public concern about the institution’s potential to block legislation out of party political motives. In fact, the Bundesrat’s decision-making procedures are characterised by the interlocking of formal administrative and informal political coordination structures, which are overshadowed by the structures and laws of the parties that act within the institution. Despite partially opposing majorities in the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, only very little legislation finally failed due to the Bundesrat refusing to consent to it during the 17th and 18th parliamentary terms from 2009 to 2017.
Biotechnology-driven business model archetypes: Sustainability, Innovation and Commercial Viability
Authors: Peppou George
Published: February 2019

PurposeIn spite of enthusiasm for biotechnologies to enable sustainability and the development of innovative sustainable business models, limited research, tools and resources exist. Therefore, this research questions how the business model of sustainable biotechnology-driven firms differs from other businesses.Methodology         This article applies a structured content analysis method to enumerate sustainable business model archetypes in biotechnology firms focuses utilising secondary data from 64 existing. The triple-layer business model canvas is used as the categorisation matrix.FindingsFive sustainable business model archetypes were identified for biotechnology firms. Findings highlight that sustainable biotechnology-driven businesses can reach a sustainable business model through either operating as an environmentally-led or economically-led domain.Research limitations/implicationsThis article recognises that transitioning to a sustainable business model requires significant change to many facets of the business, therefore this study provides a template for future organisations, supporting the realisation of future, sustainable, biotechnology innovations.Originality/value Unlike previous studies this article focuses exclusively on biotechnology firms, as well as utilising the Triple Layer Business Model Canvas as the categorisation matrix, the first article to do so. This article provides a template for large-scale industrial businesses to build, or transition to, more sustainable business models utilising biotechnology.
Variables de riesgo y protección relacionadas con la tentativa de suicidio
Authors: Sánchez-Teruel David , Muela-Martínez José Antonio , García-León Ana
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Risk and protection variables related to suicidal attempt. Suicide is an important public health problem, being the suicidal attempt the most predictive behavior of completed suicide. The aim of this study was to detect if there are differences in psychosocial and emotional variables in people with and without suicidal ideation and attempt. The sample consisted of 166 participants (86.36% women), aged between 20 and 77 years (M= 36, SD= 14.12) with and without suicide attempts, which was in turn divided into three groups through the Scale of Suicidal Ideation. The results show that there are important differences between the three groups in the psychological variables measured. We discuss the role of psychosocial variables, which are at the base of the increased risk or protection towards the ideation or suicidal attempt, to promote public suicide prevention policies more focused on those clinical subpopulations with specific risk profiles.Resumen: El suicidio es un importante problema de salud pública, siendo la tentativa de suicidio la conducta más predictiva del suicidio consumado. Mediante el presente estudio se pretende detectar si existen diferencias en variables psicosociales y emocionales en personas con y sin ideación y tentativa suicida.  La muestra estuvo constituida por 166 participantes (86.36 % mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 77 años (M= 36; DT= 14.12) con y sin tentativas suicidas, que fue a su vez dividida en tres grupos a través de la Escala de Ideación Suicida. Los resultados muestran que existen importantes diferencias entre los tres grupos en las variables psicológicas medidas. Se discute el papel de las variables psicosociales, que están en la base del incremento del riesgo o protección hacia la ideación o tentativa suicida, para propiciar políticas públicas de prevención del suicidio más centradas en aquellas subpoblaciones clínicas con perfiles de riesgo concretos.
Efectividad y aceptabilidad del entrenamiento en habilidades de la terapia dialéctica comportamental para familiares de personas con trastorno de personalidad límite
Authors: Navarro-Haro María V. , Pérez-Hernández Nuria , Serrat Susana , Gasol-Colomina Miquel
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Effectivity and acceptability of dialectical behavioral therapy skills training for family members of people with borderline personality disorder. Social and family environment is fundamental in the development and maintenance of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Despite family members of people with BPD have more risk of suffering from psychological problems, there are not empirically-supported interventions for this population. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has been adapted for families of people with BPD with encouraging results. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a 25-session intervention based on DBT in a sample of 7 family members of people with BPD and in a Spanish context. Pre-post treatment changes in the variables: emotional burden, depression, anxiety, difficulties in emotion regulation, and mindfulness skills, were measured. Preliminary results showed significant improvements in anxiety, emotion regulation and mindfulness and good implementation of the intervention. This study may benefit the implementation of family interventions for family members of people with BPD.Resumen: El ambiente social y familiar es fundamental en el desarrollo y mantenimiento del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP). A pesar de que los familiares de personas con TLP tienen más riesgo de padecer problemas psicológicos, no existen intervenciones empíricamente validadas para esta población. La Terapia Dialéctica Comportamental (Dialectical Behavior Therapy, DBT) se ha adaptado para familiares de personas con TLP con resultados alentadores. El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar la efectividad y la aceptabilidad de una intervención de 25 sesiones basada en DBT en una muestra de 7 familiares de personas con TLP y en un contexto español. Se midieron los cambios pre-post tratamiento en las variables agotamiento emocional, depresión, ansiedad, desregulación emocional y atención plena. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en ansiedad, regulación emocional y atención plena y una buena aceptación de la intervención. Este estudio podría favorecer la implantación de intervenciones para familiares de personas con TLP.
Escala de Síntomas de los Trastornos de Ansiedad y Depresión (ESTAD): Datos preliminares sobre su estructura factorial y sus propiedades psicométricas
Authors: Sandín Bonifacio , Valiente Rosa María , Pineda David , García-Escalera Julia , Chorot Paloma
Published: February 2019

Abstract:Anxiety and Depression Disorders Symptoms Scale (ESTAD): Preliminary evidence concerning its factor structure and psychometric properties. The Anxiety and Depression Disorders Symptoms Scale [Escala de Síntomas de los Trastornos de Ansiedad y Depresión, ESTAD] is a new DSM-5 based self-report questionnaire to assess seven emotional disorder symptoms dimensions. The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary data concerning its factor structure, reliability, validity, and norms (T scores) in a nonclinical sample (N= 712; aged 20-60 years). Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that a 7-factor solution fits the data well. The factors are consistent with the seven subscales of the ESTAD, i.e., agoraphobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, illness anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. Data also preliminarily supports reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. Results are discussed regarding the clinical useful of the ESTAD as a new tool for assessing core symptoms of emotional disorders. Resumen:La Escala de Síntomas de los Trastornos de Ansiedad y Depresión (ESTAD) es un nuevo cuestionario de autoinforme basado en el DSM-5 diseñado para evaluar siete dimensiones de síntomas de los trastornos emocionales. El objetivo del estudio consistió en proporcionar evidencia preliminar sobre su estructura factorial, fiabilidad, validez y normas (puntuaciones T) en una muestra no clínica (N = 712; edad entre 20-60 años). Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios demostraron que la estructura de 7 factores se ajustaba bien a los datos. Los factores eran consistentes con las siete subescalas de la ESTAD i.e., agorafobia, trastorno de pánico, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de ansiedad social, trastorno de ansiedad a la enfermedad, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, y trastorno depresivo mayor. Los datos también apoyan de forma preliminar la fiabilidad y validez convergente y discriminante de la escala. Se discute la utilidad clínica de la ESTAD como nueva herramienta para la evaluación de los síntomas nucleares de los trastornos emocionales.
Camiones de Escalera: iconografía visual campesina rodante como expresión viva de la cultura y gráfica popular colombiana
Authors: Zapata Cardenas Maria Isabel
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación doctoral es revisar los esquemas gráficos e icónicos que se presentan en el estilo visual de los Camiones de Escalera, transporte tradicional rural en Colombia. Cabe aclarar, que los vehículos de transporte campesino han sobrepasado su importancia como medio vehicular, para convertirse en un referente de cultura visual en el contexto campesino; sobre todo en regiones productivas cafeteras como es la Región Andina. Dado que sus características icónicas los convierten en referentes culturales rodantes por las carreteras rurales del país, la investigación se sitúa en una realidad construida de forma colectiva, alrededor de un medio de transporte que involucra a creadores visuales (artistas), conductores, mecánicos y carroceros; líderes culturales, antropólogos visuales; que como agentes de participación desde la metodología de Investigación Narrativa buscan evidenciar un panorama cultural, que como lo explica (Barbero, 2004: 50) en el texto De los medios a las mediaciones. Comunicación, cultura y hegemonía, la configuración de la categoría «cultura popular» se nutre del marco político, como un campo de lucha, donde las condiciones sociales y políticas evidenciarían la aparición de un tipo de cultura masiva, gracias al fortalecimiento de las clases y la masa. Por esto la investigación mira el problema partiendo de la composición y riqueza visual del fenómeno pero despliega las polifonías y riquezas que desde la manifestación misma se desprenden. La investigación retrata a estos medios de transporte desde la mirada social, visual y gráfica, ampliando su eje de influencia como soluciones transportista campesina, conectando realidades entre lugares apartados.
La importància de la marca personal del periodista
Authors: Gordillo Saul
Published: February 2019

Tribuna.
Entornos digitales: formatos periodísticos para difundir cultura a través de un Media Lab
Authors: Oyarce-Cruz Jacqueline
Published: February 2019

Se muestran los resultados de una primera fase de la investigación aplicada de tipo experimental y de corte transversal que tiene como objetivo la formación de comunicadores críticos de artes escénicas que promuevan cultura desde espacios de divulgación de tipo digital. La pregunta que se formula es ¿cómo y con qué estrategias de comunicación desde un Media Lab, generado en una universidad pública peruana, se contribuye con la crítica y la difusión de las artes escénicas? Los objetivos son describir cómo se elabora una metodología para la difusión de las artes escénicas y explicar las estrategias de comunicación para desarrollarla dentro de un Media Lab. La hipótesis que guía el trabajo es que la creación de un Club de Jóvenes Críticos, como espacio de formación y de desarrollo de competencias en el uso de formatos periodísticos, puede ofrecer soluciones a una problemática como es la poca comunicación en entornos digitales sobre los fenómenos y expresiones de la cultura en el Perú. Los resultados revelan que, a través de la generación de espacios para actividades extra curriculares en la universidad, como un club de jóvenes, se fomenta la participación y el actuar crítico de los estudiantes, lo cual se concretiza con la producción de contenidos periodísticos y su difusión a través de plataformas digitales.
Cibermovimientos sociales y receptividad política. Ciberacciones Trending Topic y peticiones online en el contexto del 15-M (2011-2013)
Authors: Ortiz Galindo Rocío
Published: February 2019

Los principales estudios que analizan el estado de la crisis de representación democrática en nuestras democracias electorales evidencian que existen deficiencias relevantes relacionadas con la dimensión de la receptividad política. Esta crisis afecta a la capacidad de los representantes para atender las demandas de la ciudadanía y a su grado de implementación en el proceso de toma de decisiones políticas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el diagnóstico sobre el problema de la crisis de receptividad política, determinar sus principales limitaciones y detectar las posibilidades de mejora que se plantean desde los movimientos sociales de la era de la web social. A través del análisis de la bibliografía y de la observación directa de casos de estudio de colectivos vinculados al contexto de las protestas del 15-M, se pretende contribuir a la apertura del campo de estudio sobre cibermovimientos sociales y receptividad política. Las transformaciones comunicativas que se han desarrollado en el nuevo modelo de comunicación autónoma y participativa, surgido desde la irrupción de los medios sociales, han promovido cambios en los repertorios de acción colectiva de los movimientos. Describiremos en qué medida estas nuevas estrategias comunicativas, las ciberacciones Trending Topic y las peticiones online, tienen la potencialidad de influir en la mejora de la crisis de receptividad política actual.
Incidencia de las nuevas tecnologías en el valor percibido de los servicios en el sector de la comunicación en Aragón
Authors: Iniesta-Alemán Isabel , Segura-Anaya Ana , Marta-Lazo Carmen
Published: February 2019

El sector de las empresas de comunicación, considerando como tales tanto medios como agencias de publicidad, ha cambiado enormemente sus prácticas profesionales durante la última década y el valor de los servicios que ofrecen a los anunciantes y a usuarios está en entredicho. Esta investigación estudia la incidencia de la tecnología en los cambios producidos en la estructura competitiva del sector, utilizando como estudio de caso Aragón (España). Mediante la triangulación metodológica, analizamos datos de los principales informes nacionales e internacionales, las percepciones de los profesionales, anunciantes y usuarios. En el presente estudio, proponemos un marco contextual a los decisores estratégicos, que no solo describe la situación actual, sino que permite vislumbrar tendencias. Funciones que tradicionalmente eran asumidas por las agencias de publicidad se han internalizado, tanto en las empresas anunciantes como en los medios de comunicación, ante la facilidad de implementación que ofrecen los nuevos canales de comunicación. Tanto los medios convencionales como los nuevos soportes publicitarios digitales llegan ahora de forma directa a las empresas anunciantes, eliminando de esta forma todo lo que es percibido como intermediación sin valor añadido. En un contexto tecnológico en el que se han reducido enormemente los costes de información y de transacción, es hora de que cada agente económico reflexione sobre su aportación real en la cadena de valor. Mediante esta investigación, hemos aportado algunas claves que pueden ayudar a quienes deban tomar este tipo de decisiones, sean medios o agencias, a comprender los procesos de decisión de sus clientes.
Jóvenes rurales, entre la crisis de la reproducción social y la migración internacional. El caso del oriente de Morelos, México.﻿
Authors: Ocampo Figueroa Nashelly
Published: February 2019

En el caso de México, la migración juvenil ha implicado: “fuga de cerebros”; transferencia del “bono demográfico”, es decir, miles de trabajadores en edad productiva que son forzados a abandonar sus territorios; dependencia económica de las remesas modificando los patrones de consumo y reproducción de las comunidades receptoras volviéndolos cada vez menos sustentables y saludables; desintegración familiar y abandono infantil y juvenil;  profundizando las desigualdades sociales en las zonas rurales; abonando a la corrupción y la violencia, así como a la creciente violación de los derechos humanos de los migrantes en cada una de las etapas de su proceso emigratorio hacia Estados Unidos y el incremento de las ya numerosas deportaciones que han ocurrido en la actual crisis migratoria.En este trabajo consideramos a la migración de jóvenes rurales morelenses en el marco general del desarrollo de la acumulación de capital en México subordinado al mercado mundial, después de la firma del TLCAN. Trabajamos a partir de los diagnósticos directos con grupos de jóvenes que tenían relación con la migración o se han visto afectados por este proceso en sus comunidades, así como los que han sido deportados.
Adaptación de la agricultura a escenarios de cambio global. Aplicación de métodos participativos en la cuenca del río Júcar (España)
Authors: Ortega-Reig Mar , García-Mollá Marta , Sanchis-Ibor Carles , Pulido-Velázquez Manuel , Girard Corentin , Marcos Patricia , Ruiz-Rodríguez Martin , García-Prats Alberto
Published: February 2019

This paper develops a participatory methodology to integrate farmer’s vision in the design of an adaptation strategy to global change in the Jucar River basin. It aims at answering three questions: How farmers perceive climate change impacts; which adaptation measures they consider; and how they assess these measures. Participatory workshops with different actors were held in two areas (La Ribera and La Mancha Oriental). This methodology has allowed identifying the local impacts and consequences of global change, and the difficulties of the adaptation processes to climate change scenarios.
The effects of China’s Grain for Green program on migration and remittance
Authors: Delang Claudio O.
Published: February 2019

The Grain for Green (GfG) is the largest reforestation program of the world. It involved payments to farmers to convert their marginal farmland. Many farmers decided to migrate. This paper looks at some of the household features associated with migration by GfG-participants, and the importance of remittances to those who remained behind. Fieldwork for this research was carried out in Pengshui County in Chongqing Municipality. Several variables affect migration, including education, land ownership and household size. For most households, remittances consist of over 90 percent of all household incomes, but the amount remitted tends to level off when it reaches a certain size, regardless of the number of household members who migrated.
Kinematics of males Eupalaestrus weijenberghi (Araneae, Theraphosidae) locomotion on different substrates and inclines
Authors: Silva-Pereyra Valentina , Fábrica C Gabriel , Biancardi Carlo M , Pérez-Miles Fernando
Published: February 2019

Background: For males of several terrestrial spiders the reproductive success depends to their locomotors performances. However, their mechanics of locomotion has been scarcely investigated. Aim of this work was to describe the gait patterns, analyse the gait parameters, the mechanics of locomotion and the energy saving mechanisms of Eupalaestrus weijenberghi (Araneae, Theraphosidae) on different inclinations and surfaces.

Methods: Tarantulas were collected and marked for kinematic analysis. Free displacements, both at level and on incline, were recorded using two different experimental surfaces: glass and Teflon. Body segments of the experimental animals have been measured, weighted and their centre of mass experimentally determined. Through the reconstruction of trajectories of the body segments, we estimate the mechanical internal and external works and analysed the gait patterns.

Results: Four gait patterns have been described, but spiders mainly employed a walk-trot-like gait. Significant differences between the first two pairs and the second two pairs were detected. No significant differences were detected among different planes or surfaces in duty factor, time lags, stride frequency and stride length. However, postural changes were observed on slippery surfaces. The mechanical work at level was lower than expected. In all conditions, the external work, and within it the vertical work, accounted for almost all the total mechanical work. The internal work was extremely low, and did not increase with gradient.

Discussion: Our results support the idea of the two quadrupeds in series: the anterior composed by the first two pairs of limbs, with more explorative and steering purpose, and the posterior more involved in supporting the body weight. The mechanical work to move one unit mass a unit distance is almost constant among the different species. However spiders show lower values than expected. Minimizing the mechanical work could help to limit the metabolic energy expenditure that, in small animals, is relatively very high. However, the energy recovery due to the inverted pendulum mechanics only account for a small part of energy saving. Adhesive setae present in the tarsal, scopulae and claw tufts, would participate in different ways during different moments of the step cycle, compensating part of the energetic cost on gradient, and helping to maintain constant the gait parameters.
Interior Decoration to Exterior Surface: The Beleaguered Relief
Authors: Hedges Susan
Published: February 2019

Surface articulation is a critical issue for interior architecture, and this paper sees the wall as a point of intersection where art and structure may converge and collide. A place of experimentation and a site of performance, built volumes and surface embellishments blur and reinforce edge conditions and ornament as embellishment and essential structure merge.
This paper explores a sculptural relief Copper Crystals (1965) constructed by Jim Allen for the ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) House (1964) situated at 61 Molesworth Street in Wellington, New Zealand. Following the building's failure, due to a 7.8 magnitude earthquake, the sculptural relief survived a five thousand tonne demolition. Construction, size and position of the work have contributed to its survival, partly because the relief shifted from surface activation to structural member. This paper investigates the relief as it protrudes from the surface of the building’s interior.
Surface, layer and structure extend beyond the planar, producing a range of complicated effects. Visible and invisible incrustations, geometric forms and structural matrices, transform and become linked to depth, substance, mass and thickness (Papapetros, 2013). The demarcation of the essential and inessential is blurred, and the perception of ornament as dangerous during earthquakes is subverted. This paper focusses on material mediation and points to new ways of interrogating the materiality and functionality of surface and places over time.
Designing the Threshold: A Close Reading of Olafur Eliasson’s Approach to ‘Inside’ and ‘Outside’
Authors: Dincer Demet , Brejzek Thea , Wallen Lawrence
Published: February 2019

This article discusses Icelandic installation artist Olafur Eliasson’s approach of the threshold as a productive liminal space rather than as a static boundary between the inside and the outside. Often defined as the physical division between the interior and the exterior in architecture, the authors argue that by looking at Eliasson’s works in detail, the threshold’s inherent capacity of comprising a dynamic dialogue between inside and outside where one is determined by the other unfolds. This paper proposes that designing the relationships between inside and outside involves subtle renegotiations and redefinitions of conventionalised notions of their boundaries and a resultant emergence of new design strategies.
Eliasson designs thresholds in diverse ways that he analyses and provokes the spatial associations between inside and outside, interior and exterior.  While in Eliasson`s work the categories of inside and outside remain mutually exclusive, they physically co-exist at the same time; deliberately refracted, juxtapositioned, connected or confounded in an experimental yet rigorous approach that employs different scales and common characteristics. Seventeen of his works are analysed and grouped into four different threshold design strategies that result in an object, an association, an event and an immersive space.
Self Storage: A Contemporary Archaeology of Domestic Interiority
Authors: Filippides Emma
Published: February 2019

This architectural historical study aims to interrogate rituals of contemporary inhabitation in the United Kingdom by tracing the rise of the self storage facility. While the proliferation of domestic self storage in the UK is derived from a web of correlations, this research considers self storage as a lens through which the subjective experience of inhabiting the neoliberal city, may be understood. Drawing from archaeological methods to conduct a material study of the contents of abandoned storage units, this study engages specifically with self storage as a long-term solution to domestic storage inadequacies. The material and theoretical engagements of this research raise three interpretations of the architecture of self storage and the material contents kept within, as situated in relation to domestic interiority. Pertaining respectively to excessive accumulation, intergenerational transference and emotional deferral; this research seeks to understand the span of motivations behind the depositing of domestic contents to self storage, thus exploring the psychic relationships inhabitants construct in response to this extended spatiality of the home’s contents. Articulating a meeting point between the economic and the existential, this research presents modern forms of self storage as a deeply metaphorical spatial phenomenon which is able to produce a reading of contemporary patterns in an urban and suburban dwelling.
A systematically-revised ribosome profiling method for bacteria reveals pauses at single-codon resolution
Authors: Mohammad Fuad , Green Rachel , Buskirk Allen R
Published: February 2019

In eukaryotes, ribosome profiling provides insight into the mechanism of protein synthesis at the codon level. In bacteria, however, the method has been more problematic and no consensus has emerged for how to best prepare profiling samples. Here, we identify the sources of these problems and describe new solutions for arresting translation and harvesting cells in order to overcome them. These improvements remove confounding artifacts and improve the resolution to allow analyses of ribosome behavior at the codon level. With a clearer view of the translational landscape in vivo, we observe that filtering cultures leads to translational pauses at serine and glycine codons through the reduction of tRNA aminoacylation levels. This observation illustrates how bacterial ribosome profiling studies can yield insight into the mechanism of protein synthesis at the codon level and how these mechanisms are regulated in response to changes in the physiology of the cell.
Guillain-Barre syndrome, pregnancy, and plasmapheresis
Authors: Clifton E. Ross
Published: February 2019

The case of Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis) in pregnancy reported here brings the total reported number to 35. The patient had plasmapheresis with no maternal or fetal complications. She did not require mechanical ventilation. This is only the fifth reported case of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the gravid patient involving plasmapheresis. There have been no controlled studies assessing the safety of plasmapheresis in the pregnant patient with the disorder. The possible'risks ofthe procedure need to be weighed against the high maternal mortality rate in such a patient.
Effect of volume on spinal anesthesia level with hyperbaric tetracaine
Authors: Hecker Maj. Richard B. , Kingsley Maj. Charles P.
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to determine if the volume of a IlXed milligram dose of hyperbaric tetracaine hydrochloride injected into the subarachnoid space affected the average maximal dermatomal spread of sensory anesthesia, determined by pinprick testing. One hundred two adults received spinal hyperbaric tetracaine in a volume of 2 mL, 3 mL, or 4 mL with the dose based on the patient's height. The addition of 0.2 mg of epinephrine to the anesthetic solution was allowed at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that neither the dose selected nor the use of epinephrine affected anesthetic spread. ANOVA showed that anesthetic volume insignificantly affects the spread of sensory anesthesia. A Tukey HSD multiple comparisons test demonstrated a mean difference greater than 1 sensory dermatome between volumes of 2 mL and 4 mL, which was clinically detectable but statistically insignificant. Increasing the volume of hyperbaric spinal tetracaine solutions to improve anesthetic spread is unjustified.
Invasive hemodynamic monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a community hospital emergency department
Authors: Duvoisin Robert M. , Broniak Frederick F. , Collop John R. , Collins Brian Christopher
Published: February 2019

Monitoring the effects of resuscitation efforts in a community emergency department are limited primarily to noninvasive techniques. Coronary perfusion pressure (CCP) has been used as a predictor for successful resuscitation. The authors investigated the feasibility of measuring the CPP in a community emergency department and incorporating the CPP into decisions for managing the resuscitation effort. During a 7-month period, the authors prospectively studied 77 nontraumatic, normothermic adults in cardiopulmonary arrest who were treated in the emergency department. Fifty-one patients underwent invasive monitoring and 26 patients entered a control (noninvasive monitoring) group. Successful CPP monitoring was accomplished in 84% of the patients; the average time to obtain an initial CPP was 12.1 ± 7.3 minutes. Twenty patients had a return of spontaneous circulation, but no patient survived to hospital discharge. There was no significant difference in return of spontaneous circulation between patients in the invasively monitored and the noninvasively monitored group. Coronary perfusion pressure monitoring had a positive influence on the management of three patients. This study showed that CPP monitoring is feasible in a community hospital, but further studies are needed to better define the effects of CPP in resuscitation effort outcome.
Guidelines for designing resident rating forms
Authors: Gugelchuk Gary M. , Daum Sarah Gammon
Published: February 2019

A well-designed rating form provides one means to evaluate a resident's clinical performance. A clear perception of the program's goals is the foundation on which an original-or-revised design should rest. Suggestions for three different types of rating forms are presented here.
Familial glomerular disease with asymptomatic Proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome: a new clinical entity
Authors: Slick Gary L. , Mathis Beverly J. , Calabrese Kenneth E.
Published: February 2019

Seventy-three members of a 100-member kindred with asymptomatic proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and progressive renal failure were studied. Of those studied, 11 members had progressed to end-stage renal disease and seven had significant proteinuria (> 1 g/24 hours) with normal renal function. The genetic mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant with variable penetrance and expressivity. Histopathologic changes were variable but included focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. Renal failure usually occurred in the fifth decade of life. The most consistent clinical finding was proteinuria without microscopic hematuria or other significant urinary sediment elements. This disease differed from Alport's hereditary nephritis and congenital nephrotic syndrome in age of onset, urinary findings, and associated conditions, that is, nerve deafness. The hereditary proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome described in this kindred represents another facet in the spectrum of hereditary renal disease.
Therapeutic drug monitoring: Lithium levels
Authors: Fernandes John J. , Coffman Norman B.
Published: February 2019

Lithium has been used in the treatment of mania since 1949. Although its effectiveness is well recognized, the mechanism by which it stabilizes manic behavior is not well understood. In addition, it has some serious toxic properties combined with a narrow therapeutic range. For this reason, monitoring of serum lithium levels is mandatory. Suggested mechanisms of action and protocols for monitoring of serum levels are presented.
Aortic dissection in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Goff, II CDR Walter B. , Lawrence CDR David P. , Burkhard CDR Thomas K.
Published: February 2019

Extrapancreatic fluid collections are frequently seen in acute pancreatitis. Vascular damage with life-threatening hemorrhage is also a known complication. In the case report presented, we include documentation by computed tomography of an apparent abdominal aortic wall dissection by fluid in a patient with acute pancreatitis. Conservative therapy resulted in complete resolution without hemorrhage or aneurysm formation.
Mirizzi syndrome (hepatic duct obstruction)
Authors: Moult R. Gene , Wilczynski Michael , Mullangi Ureddi , Mehta Harsha
Published: February 2019

The Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon cause of obstructive jaundice. In 1948, Mirizzi characterized a syndrome in which common hepatic duct obstruction occurs because of impacted stones in the gallbladder neck or cystic duct. The authors report a case demonstrating this syndrome. They discuss the radiographic features and report the features found on a computed tomographic cholangiogram that have not been previously described. Computed tomography-cholangiography may be helpful in evaluating patients with suspected Mirizzi syndrome.
Update on monoclonal antibody therapy in the gram-negative sepsis syndrome
Authors: Hecker Maj. Richard B.
Published: February 2019

Two multicenter controlled clinical trial~ of genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies directed against endotoxin, a potent mediator of inflammation in the gram-negative sepsis syndrome, were recently reported in the medical literature. One of these antiendotoxin antibodies was derived from a murine (mouse) source, and the other antibody was derived mainly from a human source (nebacumab [negative bacteria human monoclonal antibody D. This article reviews recent literature concerning' the use of these agents in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis syndrome. It also projects economic assessment data regarding the use of nebacumab in the United States.
The evolution of osteopathic manipulative technique: The Spencer technique
Authors: Patriquin David A.
Published: February 2019

The Spencer technique is a standardized series of shoulder treatments with broad application in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The evolution of this technique is traced from 1916 to date to try to identify factors in the development of manipulative methods. Few suggestions about the basic steps to be followed in developing any new manipulative technique were seen. Of chief importance were changes in sequence, the addition of steps, and the combination of one technique with another, as in the addition of muscle-energy methods to each step. One change, accidentally introduced in the 1970s, displaced a critical step in the procedure. The principal element guiding the development of the Spencer technique appears to be clinical necessity interpreted in terms of anatomy and pathology.
A survey on zoo mortality over a 12-year period in Italy
Authors: Scaglione Frine Eleonora , Biolatti Cristina , Pregel Paola , Berio Enrica , Cannizzo Francesca Tiziana , Biolatti Bartolomeo , Bollo Enrico
Published: February 2019

Background

The zoo is a unique environment in which to study animals. Zoos have a long history of research into aspects of animal biology, even if this was not the primary purpose for which they were established. The data collected from zoo animals can have a great biological relevance and it can tell us more about what these animals are like outside the captive environment. In order to ensure the health of all captive animals, it is important to perform a post-mortem examination on all the animals that die in captivity.

Methods

The causes of mortality of two hundred and eighty two mammals which died between 2004 and 2015 in three different Italian zoos (a Biopark, a Safari Park and a private conservation center) have been investigated.

Results

Post mortem findings have been evaluated reporting the cause of death, zoo type, year and animal category. The animals frequently died from infectious diseases, in particular the causes of death in ruminants were mostly related to gastro-intestinal pathologies. pulmonary diseases were also very common in each of the zoos in the study. Moreover, death was sometimes attributable to traumas, as a result of fighting between conspecifics or during mating. Cases of genetic diseases and malformations have also been registered.

Discussion

This research was a confirmation of how conservation, histology and pathology are all connected through individual animals. These areas of expertise are extremely important to ensure the survival of rare and endangered species and to learn more about their morphological and physiological conditions. They are also useful to control pathologies, parasites and illnesses that can have a great impact on the species in captivity. Finally, this study underlines the importance of a close collaboration between veterinarians, zoo biologists and pathologists. Necropsy findings can help conservationists to determine how to support wild animal populations.
SHOCK PRESSURE OF BREAKING WAVE
Authors: Mitsuyasu Hisashi
Published: February 2019

Shock pressure due to breaking wave was studied experimentally and analytically for the case of two-dimensional regular oscillatory wave. In the first part of this paper, important characteristics of shock pressures were described, which were obtained by using the newly designed pressure gauges of very high frequency responces ( 10 ~ 10000 c/s ). And the following two points were mainly examined l) the detailed characteristics of pressure-time histories of shock pressures, and li) the similarity of pressure-time histories observed simultaneously with two separated gauges. In the second part of this paper, the dynamical models representing the generation mechanism of shock pressure were examined to explain the observed properties of shock pressures, in which the new air-cushion model extended from the original air-cushion model of Bagnold (1939) was included. Under the assumption of small compression of the air cushion, the analytical solutions representing the pressure-time histories were obtained both for the original model of Bagnold (1939) and for the present new model. For the cases of relatively high-intensity shock pressures, the consistent results were obtained by analyzing the observed shock pressures by the new air-cushion model. The discussion of shock pressure due to finite compression of air cushion was also included.
WAVES PRODUCED BY OCEAN-GOING VESSELS: A LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDY
Authors: Brebner Arthur , Helwig P.C. , Carruthers J.
Published: February 2019

In restricted waterways, for example in the St. Lawrence River, the question is raised as to the proportion of river bank erosion caused by shipping as opposed to wind generated waves, tidal currents, and ice break-up. This study is an attempt to ascertain the size of waves, H, and draw-down, A, generated by a vessel as a fraction of the speed, tT, the size and shape of the vessel, of the draught, D, and depth of water, d, and the distance from the sailing line to where the waves are measured, x.
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF WIND WAVES IN SHALLOW WATER
Authors: Ijima Takeshi , Tang Frederick L.W.
Published: February 2019

For the purpose of estimating the waves raised by typhoons approaching continental shelf and inland seas, one of the authors (I960) devised graphical method to the forecasting the waves in the fetches travelling over shallow water area in I960. The method has been widely adopted to evaluate the waves of the bays and inland seas in Japan and the western coast of Taiwan, since it was proved that calculated results considerably agreed with measured records. On the account of the spread of electronic computers, numerical analysis will be more expedient than graphical operations nowadays. Wilson s numerical integration method (I96I)(I962) has been extended to facilitate the calculation of the waves of shallow water area. The procedures of calculation are described and example of hindcasting of waves in typhoon by the machine run are also submitted in this paper.