bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importancia de los ácidos grasos omega 3 en la salud
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Nutrición, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Feliu María Susana , Fernández Inés , Slobodianik Nora
Published: April 2021

Omega 3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential since the human body does not produce them and they are obtained mainly from the diet. They confer flexibility, fluidity and selective permeability to the membranes, which favors cardiovascular health, reduces the risk of deficiencies in vision and neural development in infants and children, and dementia in older adults; some of them are precursors in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Some effects have also been seen in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. These effects can be explained through the specific actions of each of them. Dietary fat influences the modulation of immune functions and inflammatory processes; most of the impact is attributed to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). The EPA exerts: hypotriglyceridemic effect at LDL and VLDL level; hypocholesterolemic effect due to increase in bile efflux and reverse cholesterol transport; antithrombotic effect due to the formation of Series 3 eicosanoids. DHA: increases the fluidity of neuronal, glial, and cone and rod membranes; decreases neuronal apoptosis; facilitates the recycling of neurotransmitters; regulates the expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism as a ligand for PPARs; inhibits insulin resistance to muscle and fat tissues. The intake recommendations are: 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: 2.5-9% of energy intake/daily, and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: 0.6-2.0% of energy intake/daily. Key words: omega-3 fatty acids; food sources; immune system; pathologies.
ЖАҢАРТЫЛҒАН БІЛІМ БЕРУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДА ШАҒЫН ЖИНАҚТЫ МЕКТЕП МҰҒАЛІМДЕРІН ДАЯРЛАУ
Authors: Әcел Махамбетқызы Өмірзақова  , Cалтанат Куатовна Абильдина  , Рабига Тасбергеновна Игенбаева
Published: April 2021

"Бүгінгі қоғамда білім беру жүйесі толыққанды өзгеріске ұшырап, білім алушыларды жаңаша ойлауға мақсат тұтқан білім беру кезеңі жүзеге асуда. Осыған орай жаңа білім парадигмасы негізінде білім алушы мен педагог арасында субъектсубъектілі қарым-қатынас орнату арқылы білім алушылардың шығармашылық қызығушылықтары негізінде білімге құндылық бағдарын қалыптастыру міндеті қойылды. Жаңартылған мазмұнда білім беру жағдайында болашақ мамандарды даярлау өзекті мәселелердің қатарынан орын алды. Соның ішінде еліміздегі шағын комплектілі мектептер үшін мамандар даярлау мәселесі кеңінен, терең зерттеуді қажет ететіндігі айқын. Мақалада болашақ педагогтардың шағын комплектілі мектепте педагогикалық үдерісті жүргізуге деген мотивациясын күшейту, олардың шығармашылық әлеуетін жетілдіру, тұлғаның шығармашылық әрекетке дайын болуын қалыптастыру арқылы кәсіби іс-әрекетте жетістікке қол жеткізу үшін жеке мүмкіншіліктерін анықтау мен пайдалануды қамтамасыз ету мәселесі қарастырылған. Сонымен қатар, шағын жинақты мектепте дәріс беретін болашақ мамандар үшін оқытудың ғылыми-теориялық негіздерін, тұлға дамуының принциптері мен заңдылықтарын терең білу, сондай-ақ шағын жинақты мектептердегі оқыту мен тәрбиелеу үдерісін ұйымдастырудың заманауи технологияларын меңгеру жолдары көрсететілген. "
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS PISA, TIMSS: SYSTEM OF TASKS AND THEIR ANALYSIS
Authors: A. D. Sarman  , Zh. T. Issabergenova  , V. A. Kubieva
Published: April 2021

"In the last 20 years, international surveys assessing learning in reading, mathematics and science have been headline news because they put countries in rank order according to performance. The three most well-known surveys are TIMSS, PISA and PIRLS. The main difference between TIMSS and PISA is type of sample and focus of research. Pupils of the 4th and 8th classes take part in TIMSS. Only 15-year-old pupils of schools (7–12 classes) and colleges participate in PISA. TIMSS measures the academic knowledge (What? Where? When?), 80 % of the TIMSS tasks are directed to reproduction of knowledge. PISA measures functional competences – ability to effectively apply knowledge in various life situations, to logically think and draw valid conclusions (Why? What for? As?) to interpret information schedules and charts, etc. Our teenagers know the school program in biology, but don’t understand what GMO is. They are not bad in calculations, but have problems with statistics... Recently was published results of PISA-2015, sample is more than 400 thousand teenagers from 57 countries. "
CASPIAN SEA IN REGIONAL ENERGY SECURITY
Authors: Ibrayeva Aygerim Yergalievna , Tashtemkhanova Raikhan Mukhamedzhanovna
Published: April 2021

The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland body of water, with an area of 370 thousand km2 and which washes the territories of five neighboring states – Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan. In the Caspian region, the political, military-strategic and economic interests of not only these coastal countries, but also many others, including non-regional ones, are clearly traced. The Caspian region attracts both with its huge reserves of hydrocarbons and its opportunities for their transportation, as it is located at the junction of the regions of the Middle East, Europe, the CIS, South and East Asia. this makes it self-evident that such power centers as the eu, the united states, china, india and others are showing increased interest in the caspian region. their policies in the caucasus, central asia and the middle east have a direct or indirect impact on the caspian region as a whole, as well as on the problems of ensuring its security.
РАЗВИТИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО САМОСОЗНАНИЯ УЧАЩИХСЯ КОЛЛЕДЖА
Authors: Надежда Александровна Завалко  , Светлана Геннадьевна Сахариева  , Елена Евгеньевна Чжан
Published: April 2021

, , "В статье предложен авторский подход к определению понятия «национальное самосознание», понимаемый как сложный противоречивый и многоуровневый феномен, представляющий собой триединую систему, включающую совокупность мотивационно – ценностных, содержательных и поведенческих характеристик личности. Авторами детально описана трехкомпонентная структура национального самосознания учащегося колледжа, а также основные показатели его проявления. Учеными разработано содержание программы по формированию национального самосознания в рамках реализации государственной программы «Рухани Жангыру», которая базируется на положениях аксиологического, личностно-ориентированного, субъектного, синергетического и деятельностного подходов и предполагает приобретение знаний о национальном самосознании и его поведенческих проявлениях; формирование позитивной самооценки, самоуважения, конструктивных способов самовыражения и самореализации; расширение самопознавательной деятельности. В ходе реализации спецкурса авторами использовались разнообразные формы работы по развитию национального самосознания учащихся колледжа (беседы, тренинги, дискуссии, дебаты, организация и проведение национальных праздников, проектная деятельность, деловые и ролевые игры). В статье показана эффективность проводимой экспериментальной работы по внедрению программы по развитию национального самопознания учащихся, которая подтверждена следующими показателями: динамикой развития содержательных характеристик национального самосознания, а также некоторых изменений по мотивационно-ценностному и процессуальному компонентам. "
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ДИДАКТИЧЕСКОГО ПРИНЦИПА НАГЛЯДНОСТИ ПРИ ПОСТРОЕНИИ ФОРМАЛЬНЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ ЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИСЧИСЛЕНИЙ (II)
Authors: Борис Николаевич Дроботун  , Назира Нургазыевна Оспанова  , Айгуль Зейнуллиновна Даутова  , Жанар Сагидуллаевна Алимова
Published: April 2021

"В данной работе, включающей в себя две статьи выявляются и реализуются условия и формы следования регламентационным предписаниям дидактического принципа наглядности, применительно к логико-алгебраическим дисциплинам. В предлагаемой статье рассматриваются возможности следования этому принципу при изучении синтаксиса формального языка исчисления высказываний. К основным методам, применяемым в этой статье, относятся индуктивные методы определений и построений, как методы, наиболее органичные процессам описания синтаксической и семантической компонент символического языка пропозициональных исчислений. На основе свойств классической и теоретико-множественной семантик исчисления высказываний в статье выявляются теоретические основания, определяющие механизмы взаимной обусловленности этих семантик, устанавливаются связи между алгеброй формул и алгеброй подмножеств, позволяющие процессы индуктивного определения синтаксических объектов исчисления высказываний наглядно реализовывать посредством построения теоретико-множественных диаграмм соответствующих объектов алгебры множеств. Представленный в статье опыт изучения абстрактных объектов синтаксиса символических языков посредством изучения их естественных «материальных» аналогов является широкой пропедевтикой таких научно-теоретических концепций, как логическое исчисление, формальная аксиоматическая теория и изоморфизм. В работах, связанных с использованием продуктивных возможностей следования принципу наглядности, при изучении естественно-математических дисциплин, подобные подходы не рассматривались. "
THE STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF NUCLEAR AND EXTENDED FAMILIES IN KAZAKHSTAN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Saparova Nazym Blimovna , Alimbekova Gulzhan Toktamysovna
Published: April 2021

The family plays an important role in the development of society. The family shapes a worldview, instills spiritual and moral values, accustoms to a certain behavior, instills skills and responsibility, keep the traditions and culture of the people alive, and a lot more.
БОЛАШАҚ ПЕДАГОГ МАМАННЫҢ КӘСІБИ МӘДЕНИЕТІН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУДАҒЫ ПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫҚ МӘДЕНИЕТТІҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІГІ
Authors: Рымшаш Камешевна Төлеубекова  , Гулбарам Олжагалиевна Мугауина
Published: April 2021

"Адамзат баласының әлеуметтік-мәдени тәжірибесін байыту негізінде мамандардың мәдениетін жетілдіруге көмектесу білім беру-тәрбие қызметінің басты мақсаты болып табылады. Мақалада тұлғаның кәсіби мәдениетін қалыптастыруда педагогикалық мәдениетін игеруі және оны дамытудағы маңыздылығы қарастырылады. Бүгінде жоғары кәсіптік білім беру мекемелері болашақ мамандардың кәсіби мәдениетін іске асыруға тырысады, себебі қоғам үшін қажетті тұлғаны қалыптастыру. Сондықтан болашақ маманды даярлауда басты жетекші рөлін, оның кәсіби мәдениетін қалыптастыру деп білеміз. Кәсіби мәдениет феноменін отандық және шетелдік ғалымдар қарастырыла бастағаннан кейін жеке тұлғаның қасиеттері көптеген педагогикалық процестер мен құбылыстарға ие болуын және де педагогикалық мәдениеттің құрылымдық компонеттері, олардың талдануы сипатталады. Сонымен қатар педагогикалық мәдениеттің педагог тұлғаға әлеуметтік, физикалық, коммуникативтілік, интеллектуалдық,аксиологиялық, нормативтік, гуманистік аспектілеріне тәуелділігі талданады. Біздің зерттеу контекстімізде болашақ маманныңкәсіби мәдениетін қалыптастыруда педагог-ғалымдар В. И. Андреевтің, кәсіби мәдениеттің қасиеттерін мен А. В. Барабанщиковтың зерттеу жұмыстарындағы педагогикалық мәдениетті дамытудағы талдаулары көрсетілді.Сондай-ақ, маманныңіс-әрекетіндегі кәсіби мәдениет пен педагогикалық мәдениет өзара бір-біріне байланыста болып, қоғаммен бірге өзгеріп отыратыны туралы баяндалады. Ендеше бүгінгі педагогтің кәсіби мәдениетін қалыптастыруда оның жоғары деңгейде өрбіген педагогикалық мәдениетті меңгеруі міндетті деген қорытынды жасалды. "
Some features of the mathematical knowledge formation of technical university students
Authors: Nella Fuatovna Abayeva  , Lezzetzhan Mukhamedzhanovna Mustafina  , Vitaliy Vladimirovich Zhurov  , Alina Rashidovna Yarullina
Published: April 2021

"Given article reveals a topic of the teaching mathematics’ features at a technical university. The teaching mathematics’ problem is an urgent one that needs to be addressed immediately, in the near future today’s students will have to develop all branches of science and technology in the Kazakhstan, and they are quite negatively regarded to the mathematics study, and hence they have low grades of academic performance. Scientists around the world have repeatedly proved that currently without knowledge of the mathematical apparatus the science’s movement is impossible, since mathematics provides powerful methods for knowledge of the world, as well as for studying its laws. In order to apply mathematics as a research method, it is very important to realize and master the essence and interconnection of ideas and concepts, and for this we suggest developing interest to the mathematics study. The given article proposes methods of mathematics study development constructed by the authors and analyzes the obtained results. "
A Study effect of Substituents X on Methylenecyclopentane and 1-
Methylcyclopentene System
Authors: Al-Mazaideh Ghassab
Published: April 2021

In this study, the geometry optimizations, orbital energies (HOMO-LUMO) and relative stabilities of methylene cyclopentane and 1-methylcyclopentene were investigated by DFT
calculations. 1-methylcyclopentene was found to be more stable than methylene cyclopentane isomer with enthalpy value H=18.518 kJ/mol. Also, the effect of substituents X (F, OH,
CH3, NH2, CN, NO2, CHO and CF3) also studied on the relative stabilities of these two tautomers. The results showed that the stability of both isomers is increased by all substitutes.
Gibbs free energy calculations have been used to find the effect of substituents X on the system.
MicroRNA-26b inhibits cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by targeting ring finger protein 6 expression
Authors: Tang Chun-mei , Su Qiang , Zhao Hai-xia , Sui He-huan , Liang Jing , Zhu Li-sha , Yang Si-yun , Liu Tao
Published: April 2021

Introduction

This study aimed at determining the regulatory mechanism of miR-26b in myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac remodeling through apoptosis.

Material and methods

An MI rat model was established by left coronary artery ligation. Microarray data were analyzed to distinguish differentially expressed genes in MI. miR-26b was found to be poorly expressed, whereas ring finger protein 6 (RNF6) was highly expressed in MI. Consequently, miR-26b was identified to target RNF6 using dual-luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics prediction. Furthermore, rats injected with a lentiviral vector expressing miR-26b mimic and/or RNF6 were used to evaluate the role of miR-26b and RNF6 in regulating cardiac function, infarct size, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Results

miR-26b overexpression improved cardiac function and increased left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters. Meanwhile, increased miR-26b expression decreased infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, RNF6 overexpression counteracted the role of miR-26b in cardiac function. Additionally, an in vitro cell model illustrated that miR-26b upregulation could increase cell viability and reduce apoptosis, whereas RNF6 overexpression reversed its effect. We also found that the miR-26b mimic could negatively modulate RNF6 expression to inactivate the ERα/Bcl-xL axis.

Conclusions

miR-26b plays a protective role against cardiac remodeling after MI through the inactivation of the RNF6/ERα/Bcl-xL axis, proposing miR-26b and RNF6 as potential therapeutic targets for MI.
Abdominal complex muscle in women with stress urinary incontinence – prospective case-control study
Authors: Burzynski Bartlomiej , Jurys Tomasz , Knapik Michalina , Burzynski Kamil , Rzymski Paweł , Rajwa Paweł , Bryniarski Piotr
Published: April 2021

Introduction

This study is designed to assess the percentage share of musculus obliquus externus abdominis, musculus obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis activity among women with stress urinary incontinence using ultrasonography.

Material and methods

Material and methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of prospective collected data of 84 women aged 23-62 years old. In the study group are women suffering from grade 1 or 2 stress urinary incontinence according to the Stamey classification, the control group consists of women with no micturition disorders. The abdominal muscles activity was measured by using the ultrasound imaging with assessment of muscle thickness.

Results

The analysis of musculus obliquus externus abdominis in anterolateral abdominal wall activity shows a statistically significant difference between study and control group concerning isometric tension of abdominal muscles (p=0,012) and lower part of abdomen tension (p=0,004). Women with stress urinary incontinence present a higher activity of the musculus obliquus externus abdominis than controls. In the case of the musculus obliquus internus abdominis, statistically significant differences were shown during tension of the lower part of the abdomen (p=0,024). Comparison of activity of the musculus transversus abdominis between study and control groups shows a statistically significant difference during isometric tension of abdominal muscles (p=0,018).

Conclusions

The pattern of activity of the assessed muscles differs between the study group and the control group. In the study group, the activity pattern is concerning the higher activity of the musculus obliquus externus abdominis and the lower activity of the musculus obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis.
De la reproducción ampliada a la acumulación por desposesión: Introducción y desarrollo del capital fresero en el Valle Zamorano
Authors: Hernández Robledo José Christian , Barón León María de Lourdes
Published: April 2021

El arribo de inversión estadounidense a la región del Valle Zamorano en 1952 inauguró una etapa de producción de fresa, que derivó en la instalación de un modelo intensivo de producción agrícola, creando la región productora de fresa más importante del país. Luego de una crisis y reestructura de este modelo, a partir de 1990 se conformó una nueva fase basada en la flexibilización y la desposesión, controlada por corporativos alimentarios que expandieron y diversificaron la producción de frutillas en Michoacán. Esta investigación se basó en la recolección de testimonios de productores agrícolas, jornaleros y en la revisión de estadísticas oficiales.
Ethics and Artificial Intelligence: A Policymaker's Introduction
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Baker James E.
Published: April 2021

The law plays a vital role in how artificial intelligence can be developed and used in ethical ways. But the law is not enough when it contains gaps due to lack of a federal nexus, interest, or the political will to legislate. And law may be too much if it imposes regulatory rigidity and burdens when flexibility and innovation are required. Sound ethical codes and principles concerning AI can help fill legal gaps. In this paper, CSET Distinguished Fellow James E. Baker offers a primer on the limits and promise of three mechanisms to help shape a regulatory regime that maximizes the benefits of AI and minimizes its potential harms.
El modelo de elaboración del sentido en personas con trastornos alimentarios (MESTA): un análisis preliminar del modelo
Authors: Marco José , Cañabate Montse , Pérez Sandra , Guillén Verónica , Botella Cristina , Baños Rosa
Published: April 2021

Según estudios previos el sentido en la vida está asociado negativamente con la psicopatología, el riesgo de suicido y la inestabilidad emocional en personas con trastornos alimentarios (TA). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel mediador del sentido de la vida y sus dimensiones en la relación entre la insatisfacción corporal y la sintomatología del TA y aportar pruebas que apoyen un modelo de elaboración del sentido de los trastornos alimentarios (MESTA). 292 personas diagnosticadas con TA (93,5% mujeres) contestaron el “Test de propósito en la vida” (PIL), el “Test de actitudes hacia la comida” (EAT) y el “Cuestionario multidimensional de relaciones entre el cuerpo y el yo” (MBSRQ-AS). Se realizaron análisis de mediación múltiple. El sentido en la vida medió la asociación entre la insatisfacción corporal y la psicopatología del TA. La dimensión de Satisfacción y sentido tuvo un papel mediador mayor. El sentido en la vida podría ser una variable importante en el mantenimiento de los TA. El MESTA puede ser un modelo útil para la comprensión de la psicopatología de los TA.
Estilos de afrontamiento, esquemas disfuncionales y síntomas psicopatológicos relacionados con la dependencia emocional hacia la pareja agresora
Authors: Momeñe Janire , Estévez Ana , Pérez-García Ana María , Olave Leticia , Iruarrizaga Itziar
Published: April 2021

Los estilos de afrontamiento, los esquemas disfuncionales y la sintomatología psicopatológica podrían resultar factores de vulnerabilidad que incrementan la probabilidad de que una persona desarrolle dependencia emocional hacia la pareja agresora. Delimitar los factores de riesgo es fundamental para su prevención y tratamiento. Consecuentemente, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivos principales analizar la relación entre los factores señalados, así como el papel mediador de los tres primeros en la relación entre la dependencia emocional y la violencia recibida. La muestra estuvo conformada por 657 mujeres procedentes de población clínica y general, con edades que oscilaron entre los 18 y 66 años (M= 23,38; DT= 8,24). Los resultados reflejaron la predominancia del empleo de estilos de afrontamiento inadecuados, tales como pensamiento desiderativo, aislamiento social y autocrítica, síntomas psicopatológicos de depresión, ansiedad, sensibilidad interpersonal, obsesión-compulsión e ideación paranoide, así como esquemas de abandono y subyugación. Asimismo, estos factores explicaron una parte de la relación entre la dependencia emocional y la permanencia en relaciones violentas.
MODELS, DETERMINANTS AND TESTING OF CHILD TEMPERAMENT
Authors: Isić-Imamović Almira
Published: April 2021

The aim of the paper was to present five models explaining the structure of child temperament, to point to the determinants of child temperament as well as the methods and the importance of determining characteristics of child temperament types. The paper describes five models or theoretical approaches explaining the structure of child temperament, namely the models devised by Thomas and Chess (1950), Buss and Plomin (1984, 1986), Rothbart (1981), Campos et al. (1983), and by Kagan (1994). The characteristics of child temperament types are determined based on the assessment done by parents, educators or teachers by the means of a questionnaire or a structured interview, or by observation and physiological assessment in the natural environment (home or kindergarten) and in a laboratory. Questionnaires adapted to the aforementioned models and the age of children are most frequently used nowadays.
A TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO QIRA’ATS
Authors: Šošić Dževdet
Published: April 2021

The status of qira'ats in relation to the integral Qur'anic text has been the subject of disagreement among Islamic scholars. Some have identified qira'ats with the Qur'an, some have made a distinction between these two terms, whereas some have seen in them the relationship between a part and the whole. Various views on the emergence and role of qira'ats in the tradition of the reading of the Qur'an have affected different theoretical and practical approaches to this Qur'anic specificity. In this paper we attempted to present the most relevant approaches to the phenomenon of qira'ats, regardless of whether they are related to historical, legal, tafsir or linguistic context; the approaches reflecting the principles of Islamic teaching contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah, and which, as such, present valid guidelines to all those who speak or write about this topic.
EFFECTS OF CRITICAL THINKING DEVELOPMENT IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION CLASSES
Authors: Pehlić Izet , Mahmutović Maida
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research was an investigation of critical thinking development in the classes of Islamic Religious Education. The aim of the research was to find out whether there is a statistically significant difference in the quality of school life, school climate and students’ participation in class activities between traditional classes and classes in which critical thinking development is promoted.
We used an experimental method, a method of theoretical analysis, and a descriptive-analytical method, and a survey technique. The following instruments were employed: the Questionnaire on the Quality of School Life (Ainley & Bourke, 1992), ISC-S Inventory – the Estimate of School Climate (Brand, Felner, Shim, Seitsinger & Dumas, 2003) and the Questionnaire on Students’ Class Activities (Gentry, Gable & Ruzza, 2002).
The research was conducted in two schools in the city of Zenica, one of which was an experimental group (elementary school Mak Dizdar, Zenica) and one a control group (Elementary school Musa Ćazim Ćatić, Zenica). The research sample comprised 300 6th and 8th grade elementary school students: 150 students in the experimental group and 150 in the control group. Both groups had 75 male and 75 female students.
The research findings showed that the students in the classes in which critical thinking development was promoted had a statistically significantly better quality of school life, experienced better class climate and the better quality of class activities than those who attended traditional classes.
These findings confirmed the importance of developing critical thinking in Religious Education and can be the basis for encouraging permanent education of all Islamic religion educators in terms of acquiring the competences for promoting critical thinking development in Religious Education classes.
TRANSLATION OF FALSE FRIENDS AMONG B2 LEVEL ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Authors: Rizvić-Eminović Edina , Bureković Melisa , Bujak Adnan
Published: April 2021

This paper investigates how successful B2 level English language learners (ELLs), high school students are in translating a group of most common false friends (FFs) from English to BCS and vice versa and examines whether they are more successful in translating absolute or partial FFs. In line with the classification by Otwinowska-Kasztelanic (2015), false friends are considered to be a class of cognates. They are further sub-classified into absolute FFs, which have the same or similar form and dissimilar meaning in two languages (e.g. eventually, meaning finally in English and eventualno, meaning possibly in BCS) and partial false friends with the same or similar form and one same and another dissimilar meaning. (e.g. argument in English, meaning reason, the same as argument in BSC and disagreement, the meaning for which a different word is used in BCS, rasprava). Due to their deceptive nature, FFs have been researched within different theoretical frameworks - theoretical, contrastive, applied linguistics, semantics, pragmatics and translation studies. By means of a survey and descriptive and inferential statistics, this paper confirms the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant difference between correct translation of FFs from English to BCS and their correct translation from BCS to English. Furthermore, the second hypothesis was also confirmed, namely that the B2 ELLs are more successful in translating partial than in translating absolute FFs. The research results suggest that in teaching FFs as items of deceptive vocabulary both explicit and implicit methods need to be applied
Treatment Sequences of Androgen Receptor–Targeted Agents for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tran Khai , McGill Sarah
Published: April 2021

No evidence was found on the treatment sequences of androgen receptor–targeted agents in patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer.

Evidence from retrospective studies, including those within a systematic review, suggests that sequential treatment of abiraterone followed by enzalutamide is more favourable than enzalutamide followed by abiraterone in improving clinical outcomes such as response rate and progression-free survival, but not overall survival, in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Evidence from a retrospective study suggests that docetaxel-containing treatment sequences with androgen receptor–targeted agents may improve progression-free survival compared to sequential therapy with androgen receptor–targeted agents alone in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Evidence from a retrospective study did not reveal differences in clinical outcomes of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with sequential androgen receptor–targeted agents with or without interposed chemotherapy or radium-223.

These findings were in line with those observed in a 2019 CADTH report.1 However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to low-quality evidence.

No comparative cost-effectiveness studies were identified.
A Call to Action on World Tuberculosis Day
Authors: Mittmann Nicole
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable infectious disease that can be treated and cured, yet globally it claims a staggering 1.4 million lives every year and remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases.

While the overall rate of TB is low in in this country, the disease disproportionately affects Canadian communities that experience higher rates of poverty, crowded living conditions, and poor access to health care.

World TB Day on Wednesday, March 24 is a global public health campaign marked by WHO and millions of others to raise awareness of the TB epidemic.

In view of the evolving evidence landscape and to meet the needs of pan-Canadian decision-makers, CADTH has undertaken its first condition-level review on the topic of TB. Rather than assess a single diagnostic test or therapy, we are supporting the overall managementof TB along the continuum of care by delivering evidence on a range of technologies that span prevention, identification, treatment, and management.
Point-of-Care Testing of International Normalized Ratios for People on Oral Anticoagulants: A Rapid Qualitative Review
Authors: Herington Elijah , MacDougall Danielle
Published: April 2021

The opportunity to engage in self-testing can be experienced as simultaneously liberating and constraining.

While self-testing may be appreciated as a form of point-of-care testing for international normalized ratio (INR) levels, some people engaged in self-testing were concerned with the limited amount of personalized care they received.

People using oral anticoagulants described community pharmacist-led anticoagulation management services (CPAMS) as a convenient way of testing INR levels and learning about their health needs.

Community pharmacists felt they were well-situated to provide care through CPAMS, but acknowledged the importance of ongoing training, oversight, and appropriate levels of resourcing.
Lenses and Spectacles to Prevent Myopia Worsening in Children
Authors: Banerjee Srabani , Horton Jennifer
Published: April 2021

A total of 5 relevant systematic reviews and 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified.

Myopia progression and axial length elongation was less with omafilcon A (MiSight) contact lenses compared to single-vision lenses (1 RCT; statistical significance of difference was not reported).

Myopia progression and axial length elongation was less with defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lenses compared to single-vision spectacle lenses (1 RCT; the between-group difference was statistically significant).

Myopia progression was less with orthokeratology contact lenses compared to single-vision contact lenses or single-vision lenses (2 systematic reviews and 2 RCTs; between-group difference was statistically significant or statistical significance was not reported) and axial length elongation was less (5 systematic reviews and 2 RCTs; between-group difference was statistically significant or statistical significance was not reported).

Myopia progression and axial length elongation was less with multifocal lenses compared with single-vision contact lenses (1 systematic review and 2 RCTs; between-group difference was statistically significant).

Findings need to be interpreted in the light of limitations, such as limited quantity and quality of the included primary studies, limited information regarding adverse events, and lack of long-term data.

No economic evaluations reporting on the cost-effectiveness of these interventions were identified.
Interferon Gamma Release Assay for the Identification of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Rural and Remote Settings
Authors: Brett Kendra , Severn Melissa
Published: April 2021

There is a lack of evidence on the clinical utility of the interferon gamma release assay for identifying latent tuberculosis infection in rural and remote settings.

In remote Indigenous communities with known history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination, more positive tests results were reported with the tuberculin skin test than with the interferon gamma release assay.
Association between carotenoids and prostate cancer risk: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Benkhadda Hadjer , Bouchentouf Manel , El Herrag Salah Eddine
Published: April 2021

Background: Carotenoids have been hypothesized to promote the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (PC). Aims: Conducting a meta-analysis to assess whether the association differs by the type of carotenoids and to compare the relationships of each type of carotenoid with PC risk. Methods and Material: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. Pertinent studies were included in the meta-analysis of higher versus lower categories of dietary intakes or serum concentrations of carotenoids in relation to PC. A random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals (95%) of the case-control and cohort studies, for generic inverse variance data. Results: 13 identified studies involved 44,861 participants. The meta-analysis determined, for total carotenoids and lycopene, a statistically significant relationship with PC risk; OR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.96 and 0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.99 respectively. However, no other carotenoid was noticed to have a statistically significant association with PC risk. Comparison of the effect of each type of carotenoid on PC risk showed that lycopene, lutein-zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin had a moderate inverse but not statistically significant relationship with PC risk. Compared to β-carotene, and α-carotene results, their effect estimates were higher than the previous carotenoids. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PC was inversely associated with total carotenoids and lycopene dietary intake and serum concentrations. These data provide support for the utilization of carotenoids for the treatment and prevention of PC.

Keywords: Sodium chloride, bread, salt reduction, Moroccan population.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation ability of aerosol particles generated from Arctic sea surface microlayer and surface seawater samples at cirrus temperatures
Authors: Wagner Robert , Ickes Luisa , Bertram Allan K. , Els Nora , Gorokhova Elena , Möhler Ottmar , Murray Benjamin J. , Umo Nsikanabasi Silas , Salter Matthew  E.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Sea spray aerosol particles are a recognised type of ice-nucleating particles under mixed-phase cloud conditions. Entities that are responsible for the heterogeneous ice nucleation ability include intact or fragmented cells of marine microorganisms as well as organic matter released by cell exudation. Only a small fraction of sea salt aerosol is transported to the upper troposphere, but there are indications from mass-spectrometric analyses of the residuals of sublimated cirrus particles that sea salt could also contribute to heterogeneous ice nucleation under cirrus conditions. Experimental studies on the heterogeneous ice nucleation ability of sea spray aerosol particles and their proxies at temperatures below 235 K are still scarce. In our article, we summarise previous measurements and present a new set of ice nucleation experiments at cirrus temperatures with particles generated from sea surface microlayer and surface seawater samples collected in three different regions of the Arctic and from a laboratory-grown diatom culture (Skeletonema marinoi). The particles were suspended in a large cloud chamber and ice formation was induced by expansion cooling. We confirmed that under cirrus conditions, apart from the ice-nucleating entities mentioned above, also crystalline inorganic salt constituents can contribute to heterogeneous ice formation. This takes place at temperatures below 220 K, where we observed in all experiments a strong immersion freezing mode due to the only partially deliquesced inorganic salts. The inferred ice nucleation active surface site densities for this nucleation mode reached a maximum of about 5·1010 m−2 at an ice saturation ratio of 1.3. Much smaller densities in the range of 108–109 m−2 were observed at temperatures between 220 and 235 K, where the inorganic salts fully deliquesced and only the organic matter and/or algal cells and cell debris could contribute to heterogeneous ice formation. These values are two orders of magnitude smaller than those previously reported for particles generated from microlayer suspensions collected in temperate and subtropical zones. While this difference might simply underline the strong variability of the amount of ice-nucleating entities in the sea surface microlayer across different geographical regions, we also discuss how far instrumental parameters like the aerosolisation method and the ice-nucleation measurement technique might affect the comparability of the results amongst different studies.
Measurement report: Receptor modelling for source identification of urban fine and coarse particulate matter using hourly elemental composition
Authors: Reizer Magdalena , Calzolai Giulia , Maciejewska Katarzyna , Orza José A. G. , Carraresi Luca , Lucarelli Franco , Juda-Rezler Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Elemental composition of the fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) fraction of atmospheric particulate matter was measured at hourly time resolution by the use of a “streaker” sampler during a winter period at a Central European urban background site in Warsaw, Poland. A combination of multivariate (Positive Matrix Factorization), wind- (Conditional Probability Function) and trajectory-based (Cluster Analysis) receptor models, was applied for source apportionment. It allowed for identification of 5 similar sources in both fractions, including sulfates, soil dust, road salt, traffic- and industry-related sources. Another 2 sources, i.e., Cl-rich and wood and waste combustion, were identified in the fine fraction solely. In the fine fraction, aged sulfate aerosol related with emissions from solid fuel combustion in the residential sector located outside the city was the largest contributing source to fine elemental mass (44 %), while traffic-related sources, including soil dust mixed with road dust, road dust, as well as exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions, had the biggest contribution in the coarse elemental mass (together accounting for 83 %). Regional transport of aged aerosols and more local impact of the rest of identified sources played a crucial role in aerosol formation over the city. In addition, 2 intensive Saharan dust outbreaks were registered on 18th February and 8th March 2016. Both episodes were characterized by long-range transport of dust at 1 500 m and 3 000 m over Warsaw, as well as the concentrations of the soil component being 7 (up to 3.5 µg m−3) and 6 (up to 6.1 µg m−3) times higher than the mean concentrations observed during non-episodes days (0.5 µg m−3 and 1.1 µg m−3) in the fine and coarse fraction, respectively. The set of receptor models applied to the high time resolution data allowed to follow in detail the daily evolution of the aerosol elemental composition and to identify distinct sources contributing to the concentrations of different PM fractions, as well as revealed “multi-faces” of some elements, having diverse origin in the fine and coarse fraction. The hourly resolution of meteorological conditions and air mass back trajectories empower to follow transport pathways of the aerosol as well.
How Asian aerosols impact regional surface temperatures across the globe
Authors: Merikanto Joonas , Nordling Kalle , Räisänen Petri , Räisänen Jouni , O'Donnell Declan , Partanen Antti-Ilari , Korhonen Hannele
Published: April 2021

Abstract. South and East Asian anthropogenic aerosols mostly reside in an air mass extending from the Indian Ocean to the North Pacific. Yet the surface temperature effects of Asian aerosols spread across the whole globe. Here, we remove Asian anthropogenic aerosols from two independent climate models (ECHAM6.1 and NorESM1) using the same representation of aerosols via MACv2-SP (a simple plume implementation of the second version of the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology). We then robustly decompose the global distribution of surface temperature responses into contributions from atmospheric energy flux changes. We find that the horizontal atmospheric energy transport strongly moderates the surface temperature response over the regions where Asian aerosols reside. Atmospheric energy transport and changes in clear-sky longwave radiation redistribute the temperature effects efficiently across the Northern Hemisphere and to a lesser extent also over the Southern Hemisphere. The model-mean global surface temperature response to Asian anthropogenic aerosol removal is 0.26±0.04 ∘C (0.22±0.03 for ECHAM6.1 and 0.30±0.03 ∘C for NorESM1) of warming. Model-to-model differences in global surface temperature response mainly arise from differences in longwave cloud (0.01±0.01 for ECHAM6.1 and 0.05±0.01 ∘C for NorESM1) and shortwave cloud (0.03±0.03 for ECHAM6.1 and 0.07±0.02 ∘C for NorESM1) responses. The differences in cloud responses between the models also dominate the differences in regional temperature responses. In both models, the northern-hemispheric surface warming amplifies towards the Arctic, where the total temperature response is highly seasonal and weakest during the Arctic summer. We estimate that under a strong Asian aerosol mitigation policy tied with strong climate mitigation (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1-1.9) the Asian aerosol reductions can add around 8 years' worth of current-day global warming during the next few decades.
Arctic sea surface height maps from multi-altimeter combination
Authors: Prandi Pierre , Poisson Jean-Christophe , Faugère Yannice , Guillot Amandine , Dibarboure Gérald
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We present a new Arctic sea level anomaly dataset, based on the combination of three altimeter missions using an optimal interpolation scheme. Measurements from SARAL/AltiKa, CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3A are blended together providing an unprecedented resolution for this type of products. The ﬁnal gridded ﬁelds cover all latitudes north of 50° N, on a 25 km EASE2 grid, with one grid every three days over three years from July 2016 to April 2019. We use the Adaptive retracker to process both open ocean and lead echoes on SARAL/AltiKa thus removing the need to estimate a bias between open ocean an ice covered areas. SARAL/AltiKa also provides the baseline for the cross-calibation of CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3A data. When compared to independent data, the combined product exhibits a much better performance than previously available datasets based on the analysis of a single mission.
EVALUASI KINERJA KARYAWAN PANEN PADA PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. TELEN BUKIT PERMATA ESTATE
Authors: Nanli Artin  , Roby  , Daryono
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the importance of evaluating harvest employees in oil palm production, both in the industrial and organizational fields. This study analyzes the performance of harvest employees at PT. Telen Bukit Permata Estate, particularly in the palm oil harvesting sector. Therefore, a company must be able to manage its human resources properly in order to increase productivity in the company.

            This study aims to identify the characteristics of harvest employees and to evaluate the performance of harvest employees on oil palm production, based on gender, age, education and length of work. This research was conducted at PT. Telen Bukit Permata Estate in Kaubun District, East Kutai Regency. This research is focused on harvest employees who are at PT. Telen Bukit Permata Estate. This research was conducted with a descriptive method. The results of the observations made were that the average score of the questionnaire was 75.77%. Where based on the weighting scale it is included in the tofu / frequent category.
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA DAN KEBUTUHAN KARYAWAN PEMUPUKAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. WIRA INOVA NUSANTARA KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Aries Rimbawan
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the growing area of ​​land or land used for oil palm business, in the industrial and cultivation sectors and in the company also has a design in determining the desired employee needs including determining the right employee needs according to their workload. emban.

This study aims at workload to analyze workload, effective working time, and the amount of labor required by the fertilizer division. The study was conducted using the work sampling method to determine the pattern of activities in the use of working time. Fertilizing employees for 3 working days for each employee with an observation time interval of 10 minutes. This study uses a qualitative approach by means of observation and interviews.

The results showed a job description of each employee in the fertilization section. The effective working time owned by employees is 59,976 minutes per year with effective working days for a year is 204 days. The total annual workload of the surface part is 60,384 minutes with a total of 13 employees. These results indicate that the number of employees who are deficient will have an impact on the completion time of the task. Therefore, it is advisable for the section that handles employees at PT Wira Inova Nusantara to review the distribution of employees in order to produce optimal and timely work.

It is hoped that it can provide information that can be useful for those who read or who want to develop existing methods to be better and more effective methods and can be used as an evaluation in planning and determining the needs of fertilization employees for future consideration and evaluation.
POWER RATE LAW BASED CHEMICAL KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF AFRICAN PEAR SEED OIL CONSECUTIVE IRREVERSIBLE BASE METHANOLYSIS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
Authors: Esonye C. , Onukwuli O. D , Momoh S. O.
Published: April 2021

Currently the major challenge of biodiesel application as a replacement to petrodiesel is its industrial production sustainability.Consequently, the successful scale-up of laboratory results in transesterification requires so much information obtained through chemical kinetics.This paper presents the kinetics and thermodynamic study of alkali-homogeneous irreversible methanolysis of seed oil derived from African pear. The transesterification process was carried out from 0-100 minutes at temperature range of 55-65°C. The reaction mixture compositions were ascertained using gas chromatography- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique. Rate constants of the triglyceride (Tg), diglycerides (Dg) and monoglycerides(Mg) hydrolysis were in the range of 0.0140- 0.07810 wt%/min and increased with increase in temperature. The rate of reaction was found to increase with increase in temperature. Activation energies were found to be 6.14, 20.01 and 28.5kcal/mol at 55, 60 and 65oC respectively. Tg hydrolysis to Dg was observed asthe rate determining step while the reaction agreed with second order principles. A biodiesel yield of 93.02% was obtained with cloud point of 10°C , flash point of 125°C , pour point of 4°C , calorific value of 34.4MJ/kg, and cetane number of 54.90 which satisfy EN14214 and ASTM D 6751 standards. Results presented in this report would serve as idealized conditions for industrial scale up of biodiesel production from African pear seed oil. Keywords:Kinetics; methanolysis; rate constants; activation energy; African pear seed oil; biodiesel