bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Genomics of Premature Termination Codons in Cavefish With Substantial Trait Loss
Authors: Roback Emma Y , Ferrufino Estephany , Moran Rachel L , Shennard Devin , Mulliniks Charlotte , Gallop Josh , Weagley James , Miller Jeffrey , Fily Yaouen , Ornelas-García Claudia Patricia , Rohner Nicolas , Kowalko Johanna E , McGaugh Suzanne E
Published: January 2025

Loss-of-function alleles are a pertinent source of genetic variation with the potential to contribute to adaptation. Cave-adapted organisms exhibit striking loss of ancestral traits such as eyes and pigment, suggesting that loss-of-function alleles may play an outsized role in these systems. Here, we leverage 141 whole genome sequences to evaluate the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of single nucleotide premature termination codons (PTCs) in Mexican tetra. We find that cave populations contain significantly more PTCs at high frequency than surface populations. We also find that PTCs occur more frequently in genes with inherent relaxed evolutionary constraint relative to the rest of the genome. Using SLiM to simulate PTC evolution in a cavefish population, we show that the smaller population size and increased genetic drift is sufficient to account for the observed increase in PTC frequency in cave populations without positive selection. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we show that mutation of one of these genes, pde6c, produces phenotypes in surface Mexican tetra that mimic cave-derived traits. Finally, we identify a small subset of candidate genes that contain high-frequency PTCs in cave populations, occur within selective sweeps, and may contribute to beneficial traits such as reduced energy expenditure, suggesting that a handful of PTCs may be adaptive. Overall, our work provides a rare characterization of PTCs across wild populations and finds that they may have an important role in loss-of-function phenotypes, contributing to a growing body of literature showing genome evolution through relaxed constraint in subterranean organisms.
Deciphering Plant NLR Genomic Evolution: Synteny-Informed Classification Unveils Insights into TNL Gene Loss
Authors: Guo Bo-Cheng , Zhang Yi-Rong , Liu Zhi-Guang , Li Xin-Chu , Yu Ze , Ping Bo-Ya , Sun Ya-Qiang , van den Burg Harrold , Ma Feng-Wang , Zhao Tao
Published: January 2025

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes encode a pivotal class of plant immune receptors. However, their rampant duplication and loss have made inferring their genomic evolutionary trajectory difficult, exemplified by the loss of TNL family genes in monocots. In this study, we introduce a novel classification system for angiosperm NLR genes, grounded in network analysis of microsynteny information. This refined classification categorizes these genes into five classes: CNL_A, CNL_B, CNL_C, TNL, and RNL. Compared to the previous classification, we further subdivided CNLs into three subclasses. The credibility of this classification is supported by phylogenetic analysis and examination of protein domain structures. Importantly, this classification enabled a model to explain the extinction of TNL genes in monocots. Compelling microsynteny evidence underscores this revelation, indicating a clear synteny correspondence between the non-TNLs in monocots and the extinct TNL subclass. Our study provides crucial insights into the genomic origin and divergence of plant NLR subfamilies, unveiling the malleability-driven journey that has shaped the functionality and diversity of plant NLR genes.
Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Illuminate Bat Immunity and Barrier Tissue Evolution
Authors: Levinger Roy , Tussia-Cohen Dafna , Friedman Sivan , Lender Yan , Nissan Yomiran , Fraimovitch Evgeny , Gavriel Yuval , Tearle Jacqueline L E , Kolodziejczyk Aleksandra A , Moon Kyung-Mee , Gomes Tomás , Kunowska Natalia , Weinberg Maya , Donati Giacomo , Foster Leonard J , James Kylie R , Yovel Yossi , Hagai Tzachi
Published: January 2025

Bats have adapted to pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including increased resistance—rapid pathogen elimination, and tolerance—limiting tissue damage following infection. In the Egyptian fruit bat (an important model in comparative immunology), several mechanisms conferring disease tolerance were discovered, but mechanisms underpinning resistance remain poorly understood. Previous studies on other species suggested that the elevated basal expression of innate immune genes may lead to increased resistance to infection. Here, we test whether such transcriptional patterns occur in Egyptian fruit bat tissues through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of gut, lung, and blood cells, comparing gene expression between bat, mouse, and human. Despite numerous recent loss and expansion events of interferons in the bat genome, interferon expression and induction are remarkably similar to that of mouse. In contrast, central complement system genes are highly and uniquely expressed in key regions in bat lung and gut epithelium, unlike in human and mouse. Interestingly, the unique expression of these genes in the bat gut is strongest in the crypt, where developmental expression programs are highly conserved. The complement system genes also evolve rapidly in their coding sequences across the bat lineage. Finally, the bat complement system displays strong hemolytic activity. Together, these results indicate a distinctive transcriptional divergence of the complement system, which may be linked to bat resistance, and highlight the intricate evolutionary landscape of bat immunity.
Revealing the zone of possible agreement between parties in conflict: An application to Israeli-Palestinian peace agreements
Authors: Cavatorta Elisa , Groom Ben , Sher Gilead
Published: January 2025

After Hamas’ attack on 2023 October 7 and Israel’s subsequent war, a pressing question is the nature of a postwar peace agreement. Peace negotiations often become deadlocked due to difficulties in identifying mutually advantageous agreements. A large-scale survey task and method is developed to identify the strength of preference for components of potential peace deals and changes to the status quo. Analyzing pre-October 7 representative samples of Israelis and Palestinians reveals a Zone of Possible Agreement, demonstrating shared preferences for deals that improve daily life. Violence exposure hampers compromise among Israelis, emphasizing the importance of abstaining from violence for conflict resolution.
Up IGF-I via High-toughness Adaptive Hydrogels for Remodeling Growth Plate of Children
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Haodong , Qian Manning , Zheng Yiming , Bao Luhan , Cui Wenguo , Wang Dahui
Published: January 2025

The growth plate is crucial for skeletal growth in children, but research on repairing growth plate damage and restoring growth is limited. Here, a high-toughness adaptive dual-crosslinked hydrogel designed to mimic the growth plate's structure, supporting regeneration and bone growth. Composed of aldehyde-modified bacterial cellulose (DBNC), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and sodium alginate (Alg), the hydrogel is engineered through ionic bonding and Schiff base reactions, creating a macroporous structure. This structure can transform into a denser form by binding with calcium ions. In vitro, the loose macroporous structure of the hydrogels can promote chondrogenic differentiation, and when it forms a dense structure by binding with calcium ions, it also can activate relevant chondrogenic signaling pathways under the influence of IGF-1, further inhibiting osteogenesis. In vivo experiments in a rat model of growth plate injury demonstrated that the hydrogel promoted growth plate cartilage regeneration and minimized bone bridge formation by creating a hypoxic microenvironment that activates IGF-1-related pathways. This environment encourages chondrogenic differentiation while preventing the undesired formation of bone tissue within the growth plate area. Overall, the dual-crosslinked hydrogel not only mimics the growth plate's structure but also facilitates localized IGF-1 expression, effectively reshaping the growth plate's function. This approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating growth plate injuries, potentially addressing challenges associated with skeletal growth restoration in pediatric patients.
Build or Buy? Human Capital and Corporate Diversification
Authors: Beaumont Paul , Hebert Camille , Lyonnet Victor
Published: January 2025

Firms enter new sectors by either building on their resources or buying existing companies. Using French administrative data, we propose a measure of human capital distance between a firm and a sector of entry. Using a shift-share instrument, we show that firms build in close sectors and buy in distant sectors in terms of human capital distance. Firms build by hiring new workers, which becomes increasingly costly in distant sectors as it requires not only hiring more workers but also having more organizational capital to integrate these workers. Hence, firms buy in distant sectors to acquire already operational human capital.
Endoscopic evacuation of supratentorial hematoma: A hemostatic strategy for surgeons
Authors: Lan Tiancai , Liu Shoutang , Ye Yuanliang , Zhu Jiale , Wei Ruixiang , Wang Chuanming , Ma Guirong
Published: January 2025

Endoscopic hematoma evacuation has become well received for its high evacuation rate in patients with intracerebral hematoma. Effective hemostatic procedure is the key to the success of the procedure. Any single method cannot solve all kinds of intraoperative bleeding, The key to hemostasis is to identify the type of bleeding and take the best hemostasis method during endoscopic surgery. In our study, sixty-two intracerebral hemorrhage patients who underwent endoscopic hematoma evacuations were analyzed. Intraoperative bleeding was graded as Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 based on characteristics of bleeding. A hemostatic strategy was created from the grading system. The efficiency was evaluated by operation time, evacuation rate, and re-bleeding rate after surgery. Procedure safety was evaluated by mortality rate and postoperative complications. We found that endoscopic removal of putamen hematoma was more prone to intraoperative bleeding (P = .00). Active bleeding occurred in early operative stage and errhysis happen in later stage (P = .00). Average evacuation rate was 95.61% and the mortality rate was 3.23%. The mean Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score at 6-month follow-up was 3.77 ± 1.12. No patient experienced postoperative re-bleeding. These findings indicated that most patients will experience different degrees of intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic hematoma evacuation. A hemostatic strategy based on intraoperative bleeding grade resulted in efficiency and safety.
Application of Orem’s self-care model in postoperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing digit replantation
Authors: Qian Shuman , Ma Ying
Published: January 2025

Digit replantation is often caused by sudden trauma, with 75% of amputated patients being low-income, low-education workers, and adding societal pressure. Orem’s self-care model emphasizes self-care and may be an optimal nursing model for digit replantation, but its clinical application and research are limited. This study explores Orem’s self-care model’s impact on digit replantation. This single-center retrospective observational study included 389 patients who underwent digit replantation in our hospital from June 2019 to November 2023. Based on previous nursing methods, patients were divided into an experimental group (153 cases, Orem’s self-care model) and a control group (236 cases, conventional nursing). After propensity score matching, indicators such as replanted finger function, self-efficacy, daily living ability, finger sensory recovery, and complications were compared between the 2 groups. Data were analyzed using t test, analysis of variance, and chi-square test. After matching for gender, age, education level, degree of finger amputation, time to hospital admission, number of amputated fingers, and medical history, the 2 groups showed no significant differences. Function scores at discharge showed no difference, but 2 months post-discharge, the experimental group scored higher (P < .001), with the gap widening at 6 months (P < .001). Sensory recovery showed no difference at discharge; 2 months post-discharge, 8% of the experimental group recovered to S3 level, and 7% to S3+ at 6 months (P < .05). Complication rates showed no significant differences, but the experimental group had a lower rise curve. Daily living ability scores showed no difference at discharge; 2 months post-discharge, the experimental group scored higher (P < .001), with a sustained advantage at 6 months (P < .001). At 6 months, high self-efficacy was 44.3% in the experimental group and 34.3% in the control group; low self-efficacy was 19.5% in the experimental group and 35.3% in the control group (P < .05). Higher education levels correlated with higher self-efficacy (P < .05). After matching, the experimental group outperformed the control group in functional recovery, sensory recovery, daily living ability, and self-efficacy. Orem’s self-care model improves physical recovery and promotes psychological recognition in digit replantation patients.
Double-layer sign of the anterior lens capsule during cataract surgery: A case report
Authors: Liu Ruoxi , Shao Hongzhan , Xu Xiaoli , Huang Shanshan
Published: January 2025

Rationale:

The double-layer sign of the anterior lens capsule during continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC) in cataract surgery is a rare phenomenon. This case report highlights the occurrence of this sign and provides a practical technique for managing it.

Patient concerns:

A 55-year-old Chinese woman presented with blurred vision in her left eye. She had a history of nuclear sclerotic cataracts, but no abnormalities of the anterior capsule were noted in her preoperative evaluation.

Diagnoses:

Nuclear sclerotic cataract in the left eye with no preoperative abnormalities of the anterior lens capsule.

Interventions:

During CCC, a double-layer sign of the anterior lens capsule was identified. The surgeon successfully managed the double-layer sign by simultaneously grasping both layers with capsulorhexis forceps to complete CCC without complications.

Outcomes:

Postoperatively, the patient achieved 20/20 vision in the treated eye, and no complications were observed.

Lessons:

The double-layer sign of the anterior lens capsule is a rare finding during cataract surgery. Although its exact cause remains unclear, the technique described offers a practical approach to manage this intraoperative challenge effectively.
A bibliometric analysis of the development trend of Tuina research: Based on the Web of Science (WOS) platform
Authors: Gao Lin , Chen Suyu , Gao Tianlei , Yang Liuying , Tai Xiantao
Published: January 2025

Background:

Tuina has been proven to significantly relieve symptoms, demonstrating its clinical value. With the growth of related research, a comprehensive review is urgently needed to promote its development. This study aims to clarify the collaboration and current research status in the field of Tuina research using bibliometric analysis, and to discuss future directions.

Methods:

On February 4, 2023, the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched using the keywords “tuina,” “tui-na,” “tui na,” and “Chinese massage” to collect literature related to Tuina from its inception until December 31, 2022. The collected literature included all types of research articles and reviews. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Pajek, and Scimago Graphica were utilized to perform a visual analysis of annual publication volume, as well as publication volume and collaboration networks of different countries, institutions, and authors, along with journal publication volume and keyword network analysis.

Results:

A total of 761 publications were included in the analysis, with the total number of papers showed an increasing trend over time. The countries and institutions with the most publications were China and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, respectively. The authors who contributed the most were Min Fang, Qingguang Zhu, Zhiwei Wu, Lingjun Kong and Yufeng Wang. The most widely published journal in the field was the Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science. The clinical efficacy evaluation of Tuina therapy for musculoskeletal and spinal diseases, apoplexy sequelae, chronic diseases, and pediatric diseases were research hotspots and developing trends in this field.

Conclusion:

The research on Tuina has been increasing year by year. Currently, the focus of Tuina research lies in clinical studies, including the treatment of skeletal muscle and spinal diseases, stroke sequelae, chronic diseases, and pediatric illnesses, with pediatric Tuina emerging as a hot topic of research. Basic research in this field is relatively scarce, and the mechanisms of action of this therapy have not yet been fully elucidated. Future efforts in this area should aim to strengthen basic research and promote cooperation among international institutions.
The effect of maternal and fetal weight on the risk of emergency cesarean section in nulliparous women
Authors: Bao Jing , Guan Ping
Published: January 2025

Although many studies based on different ethnic groups have analyzed the impact of maternal and infant weight on overall cesarean section rates in recent years, research on the impact of maternal and infant weight on emergency cesarean section (EmCS) rates is lacking, especially in the Chinese population. This study aimed to analyze whether maternal and fetal weight could influence the risk of EmCS. A total of 8427 nulliparous women who delivered vaginally (full-term, singleton, and cephalic presentation) were included in this study and divided into the normal vaginal delivery (VD) and EmCS groups. Of 8427 cases, 909 (10.8%) were delivered by EmCS because of failed VD. Compared with pregnant women with a normal body mass index, the risk of EmCS in overweight women increased significantly (P < .001). Birth weight > 3550 g was associated with an increased risk of EmCS. Subgroup analyses showed that among women with underweight and normal weight, old age, inadequate gestational weight gain, and large for gestational age were independent high-risk factors for EmCS (P < .05), whereas small for gestational age was the low-risk factor. Compared with the fetal distress group, the weight of newborns in the nonfetal distress group was significantly higher (P < .001), and the main cause of EmCS in women with macrosomia, large for gestational age, or birth weight ≥ 3550 g was fetal distress (P < .05). The prepregnancy maternal and fetal weights can affect the risk of EmCS. Weight management should be enhanced to control gestational weight gain according to the prepregnancy body mass index to reduce the risk of EmCS due to failed VD.
Comprehensive nursing interventions enhance sleep quality in patients with arrhythmia following AMI
Authors: Song Li , Xiong Yan , Gao Hanxiang , Yao Suyu , Deng Hua
Published: January 2025

This study aims to assess the impact of comprehensive nursing care on sleep quality and rehabilitation duration in patients experiencing arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Eighty-four patients with post-AMI arrhythmia treated at our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were selected and divided based on the nursing care received. The observation group (n = 44) underwent comprehensive nursing interventions, while the control group (n = 40) received standard nursing care. Evaluations of cardiac function indices and sleep quality were conducted before and after the nursing interventions. In addition, comparisons were made between the 2 groups regarding arrhythmia occurrence, patient compliance during care, visual analog scale scores for pain, self-rating anxiety scale scores, self-rating depression scale scores, and overall nursing satisfaction. Following the nursing interventions, the observation group exhibited a significant increase in cardiac output, unlike the control group, which showed no notable change. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular ejection fraction; however, these enhancements were more pronounced in the observation group. Post-intervention, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were significantly lower in the observation group compared with the control group, indicating better sleep quality. The observation group also experienced a significant reduction in the incidence, frequency, and duration of arrhythmia episodes. Furthermore, this group showed a lower incidence of complications during the intervention period and reported lower visual analog scale, self-rating anxiety scale, and self-rating depression scale scores after nursing care. Nursing satisfaction rates were notably higher in the observation group than in the control group. Comprehensive nursing care significantly enhances sleep quality, speeds up rehabilitation, and increases patient satisfaction in individuals with arrhythmia after AMI. These findings support the clinical adoption of comprehensive nursing interventions for this patient population.
Progress on aspiration assessment methods for patients after esophageal cancer surgery in early: A review
Authors: Su Yushuang , Li Yan , Chen Zhongbin , Gao Hong , He Yaxie , Li Xiaohua , Zeng Xiaying , Lan Wei , Yang Qin
Published: January 2025

Esophageal cancer is a relatively common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Patients with esophageal cancer show a high incidence of aspiration after surgery, which has a serious impact on their prognosis and rehabilitation. Nevertheless, while existing and past endeavors have concentrated on enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer, the necessity of preventing pneumonia caused by postoperative aspiration remains to be adequately addressed. We compiled the presently published literature and offer the latest developments on the causes of postoperative aspiration in patients with esophageal cancer, screening methods, and swallowing assessment tools. Relevant published papers were collected through a search of the China national knowledge infrastructure, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. There are various methods for assessing swallowing function after surgery for esophageal cancer. Clinically, it is necessary to select appropriate assessment tools for the swallowing function. Research indicates that the application of risk prediction models can better assess aspiration in patients after esophageal cancer surgery, bridge gaps in qualitative analysis, and alter the clinical outcomes of patients. Predictive models for dysphagia screening in patients after esophagectomy have significant clinical advantages and exhibit good clinical applicability.
Myocardial synchronized exercise and prognosis in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction assessed by two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking stratified strain imaging
Authors: Chen Jingwan , Wang Xidan , Chen Fuhua , Weng Wenchao , Tang Biao , Zhou Yibo
Published: January 2025

To evaluate myocardial synchronized exercise and clinical prognosis in patients with heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), we utilized two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STI) stratified strain imaging. We retrospectively summarized 146 patients diagnosed with HFpEF in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023. 2D-STI combined with stratified strain imaging was used to measure the overall left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), the sub-endocardium, mid-myocardium, sub-epicardium LS of the left ventricle, as well as the basal, intermediate, and apical LS, the peak strain dispersion (PSD) and the transmural pressure difference, the postsystolic shortening (PSS), and early systolic lengthening. They were categorized into adverse and better prognosis groups based on major adverse cardiac events (MACE). MACE occurred in a total of 25 of 146 patients (17.12%). Compared with the better group (P < .05), there were significant differences in ages, incidences of myocardial infarction, pre-admission plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels, LVGLS, sub-endocardium and sub-epicardium LS, PSD, and PSS values in the adverse group. Compared to pretreatment in the better group at 1-month follow-up, LVGLS, sub-endocardium, mid-level, sub-epicardium LS, PSD, and PSS values improved significantly (P < .05), but the adverse group did not (P > .05). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that pretreatment LVGLS (HR = 1.362, 95% CI = 1.026–1.809, P = .033), sub-epicardium LS (HR = 1.669, 95% CI = 1.068–2.609, P = .025), and PSD values (HR = 1.075, 95% CI = 1.014–1.140, P = .015) were important predictors of the occurrence of MACE in patients with HFpEF. The receiver operating curves manifested that the area under the curve of pretreatment LVGLS, sub-epicardium LS, and PSD values for predicting the occurrence of MACE were 0.812 (95% CI = 0.730–0.894, P < .001), 0.847 (95% CI = 0.775–0.919, P < .001), and 0.924 (95% CI = 0.863–0.984, P < .001). 2D-STI combined with stratified strain imaging can provide a more comprehensive, objective, and accurate assessment of myocardial synchronized exercise and clinical prognosis in patients with HFpEF, and LVGLS, sub-epicardium LS, and PSD values can be used in clinical practice as noninvasive, sensitive indicators for predicting the occurrence of MACE.
Comparison of TPF and PF induction chemotherapy combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Haiwen , Wu Qibiao , Luo Haiqing , Wu Jiayuan , Su Wenmei , Yu Lili
Published: January 2025

Background:

The standard of care for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) is induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). However, the ideal ICT regimen for LA-NPC remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the survival outcomes, responses, and incidences of toxicities between taxane, cisplatin and fluorouracil (TPF) and cisplatin and fluorouracil (PF) ICT regimens plus CCRT in LA-NPC.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of TPF versus PF followed by CCRT with cisplatin every 3 weeks or weekly cisplatin and intensity-modulated radiotherapy in LA-NPC.

Results:

Three studies with 2482 patients met the inclusion criteria. ICT with the TPF regimen plus CCRT resulted in a significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ratios [HR] 0.84 [95% CI 0.73–0.96], P = .01), overall survival (HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.71–0.97], P = .02), and 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (risk ratios [RR] 1.03 [95% CI 1.01–1.06], P = .009) compared with the PF regimen plus CCRT in LA-NPC. However, distant metastasis-free survival was not statistically significant (P = .07). The incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (RR 2.08 [95% CI 1.84–2.36]) and diarrhea (RR 1.94 [95% CI 1.07–3.52]) during ICT was higher in the TPF group than in the PF group.

Conclusions:

In terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, the TPF plus CCRT with cisplatin is superior to PF plus CCRT with cisplatin in LA-NPC. Thus, the TPF plus CCRT regimen appears to be a reasonable treatment option, and further confirmation by prospective studies is needed.
Optimizing emergency response systems in urban health crises: A project management approach to public health preparedness and response
Authors: Ongesa Tom Nyamboga , Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima , Ugwu Chinyere N. , Alum Esther Ugo , Eze Val Hyginus Udoka , Basajja Mariam , Ugwu Jovita Nnenna , Ogenyi Fabian C. , Okon Michael Ben , Ejemot-Nwadiaro Regina Idu
Published: January 2025

Effective management of health crises requires public health preparedness and response, especially in urban settings where the complexity and scope of catastrophes provide considerable challenges. The integration of project management frameworks with public health policies is highlighted in this review, which investigates the optimization of emergency response systems using a project management methodology. The adoption of cutting-edge technologies that improve real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and resource allocation such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and the Internet of Things (Io-T) is one of the main topics covered. The assessment also discusses how crucial it is to take ethics into account when making decisions, how to distribute resources fairly, and how to actively engage communities to build resilience. Technological and tool innovations in project management are emphasized as critical to enhancing response times and accommodating changing circumstances. The review also emphasizes the necessity of ongoing learning and development based on prior experiences to improve preparedness tactics and overall efficacy. Public health systems can respond to urban health emergencies in a more coordinated, equitable, and efficient manner by combining these components, which will eventually improve outcomes and resilience in impacted populations.
An iliac arteriovenous fistula associated with leg swelling 2 years after the removal of a hemodialysis catheter: A case report
Authors: Du Tao , Zheng Xing
Published: January 2025

Rationale:

Temporary central venous catheters are commonly used for patients who require emergency hemodialysis. In rare instances, this procedure can result in a very serious complication known as arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Although some cases of femoral arteriovenous fistula have been reported previously in the literature; however, the incidence of iliac AVF precipitated by a hemodialysis catheter is exceedingly uncommon. The purpose of this study is to report a case in which a hemodialysis catheter caused a femoral arteriovenous fistula and to describe the successful treatment, thereby providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions in the future.

Patient concerns:

Herein, we report the case of a patient with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) who presented with an iliac arteriovenous fistula as a complication of hemodialysis catheter insertion into the right femoral vein. Two years after hemodialysis catheter removal, the patient was admitted to our institution with swelling of the right lower limb and calf pain.

Diagnosis:

The patient was subsequently diagnosed with an iliac arteriovenous fistula by computed tomography angiography and angiography.

Interventions:

The patient was transferred to the Vascular Surgery Department for surgical treatment.

Outcomes:

The patient’s leg swelling improved after surgery. After 1 year of follow-up, there was no occurrence of swelling in the patient’s right leg.

Lessons:

If the patient has a history of femoral venous catheter placement and develops limb swelling, in addition to considering the presence of a femoral arteriovenous fistula, it is important to consider the possibility of an iliac AVF. Iliac AVF are rare disorders. The primary goal for treatment of IAVF is to relieve associated symptoms. Based on the results of this study, the endovascular approach is safe and effective for the treatment of iliac AVF. Iliac AVFs are rare disorders. The primary goal of treatment for iliac AVFs is to relieve associated symptoms. Based on the results of this study, the endovascular approach is safe and effective in the treatment of iliac AVFs.
Surgical treatment of cerebellar pontine angle lipoma combined with trigeminal neuralgia: A case report
Authors: Yin Yu-Ting , Gui Chao
Published: January 2025

Rationale:

Cerebellar pontine angle lipomas with trigeminal neuralgia are rare. The treatment choice is influenced by whether the pain is caused by the lipoma or the compression of blood vessels. Herein, we aimed to report a case of the disease and provide a reference for its treatment.

Patient concerns:

The patient was a 54-year-old female who presented with a 20-year history of left-sided facial pain. Her pain had gradually worsened over time and oral medications became progressively less effective.

Diagnoses:

Brain magnetic resonance imaging detected a left cerebellar horn lesion, which was deemed a lipoma. Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography revealed a superior cerebellar artery adjacent to the trigeminal nerve root. Trigeminal nerve roots may have been compressed by lipomas and blood vessels.

Interventions:

The patient underwent a microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve. Part of the lipoma was removed, and the trigeminal nerve was isolated from the blood vessels and tumor.

Outcomes:

Postoperative pathology confirmed a lipoma. Neuralgia was completely relieved postoperatively, and no new neurological disorder was detected during the 6-month follow-up.

Lessons:

Surgery is recommended for patients with cerebellar pontine angle lipomas combined with trigeminal neuralgia when conservative treatment fails. Detailed preoperative imaging is crucial to identify lipomas and trigeminal root compression by the responsible artery. Complete decompression of the trigeminal nerve root is necessary for complete pain relief.
Exclusive liposuction with glandular tissue redistribution for severe gynecomastia: A case report
Authors: Yan Bingwen , Hong Xuezhe , Hao Dongyue , Zhang Juan , Pei Jiaomiao , Sun Liming , Cang Zhengqiang , Chen Yongjun , Ma Ying , Song Baoqiang , Liu Chaohua
Published: January 2025

Rationale:

Gynecomastia, characterized by abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue, can lead to significant psychological distress, particularly among younger men. Traditional surgical options, such as subcutaneous mastectomy and liposuction, often result in visible scarring and contour deformities. This study introduces the “Stab Flatten” technique, a novel, minimally invasive approach for treating severe gynecomastia, designed to preserve chest aesthetics while minimizing postoperative complications, including scarring and contour irregularities.

Patient concerns:

A 28-year-old male with a 15-year history of progressive bilateral breast enlargement presented with psychological distress and concerns about the cosmetic outcomes of traditional surgery. He sought a minimally invasive procedure to address both physical discomfort and aesthetic concerns, aiming for minimal scarring.

Diagnoses:

The patient was diagnosed with grade III gynecomastia according to Simon classification, characterized by significant glandular hypertrophy and excess skin. Diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests confirmed the absence of underlying medical conditions.

Interventions:

The patient underwent the “Stab Flatten” technique, which involved exclusive liposuction with glandular tissue redistribution. A 4-mm incision was made at the inframammary crease, and power-assisted liposuction was used to flatten fibroglandular tissue without excision. Postoperative care included a compression garment for 6 months.

Outcomes:

At the 6-month follow-up, the patient showed excellent cosmetic results, with significant improvement in breast contour and symmetry. There were no complications such as hematoma, seroma, or nipple-areola complex deformities. The patient reported high satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome, alongside improved psychological well-being and physical comfort.

Limitations:

This study is limited by its single-patient case report, which restricts the generalizability of the findings. Long-term outcomes of the “Stab Flatten” technique require further validation through larger, prospective studies with more diverse patient populations. Additionally, the technique may not be applicable to all grades of gynecomastia or patients with more complex conditions.

Lessons:

The “Stab Flatten” technique offers an effective, minimally invasive alternative for treating severe gynecomastia, providing excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes while minimizing scarring. This method may enhance patient satisfaction and reduce recovery times compared to traditional surgical approaches. However, further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to validate its efficacy and generalizability.
Current trends in pain management: A bibliometric analysis for the 1980-to-2023 period
Authors: Demir Emre , Doğan Güvenç , Kiraz Murat , Akdağli Ekici Arzu , Kayir Selçuk , Ekici Musa , Aydoğdu Gülçin , Doğan Gül , Kayir Tuba
Published: January 2025

There is currently no bibliometric analysis available regarding pain management (PM). The aim of this study was to monitor the advancement of the PM research field, demonstrate global productivity, identify the most highly cited studies, delineate collaborations between research areas and countries, and uncover new research topics and intriguing trends. A total of 16,216 articles on the subject of PM published between 1980 and 2023 were downloaded from the Web of Science database and analyzed using various bibliometric analysis methods. Trend keyword analysis, thematic evolution analysis, conceptual structure analysis, factor analysis, citation and co-citation analyses, and international collaboration analyses were conducted. The top 3 most active countries were the United States of America (n = 4021), the United Kingdom (n = 791), and Canada (n = 602). The most prolific author was Christine Miaskowski (n = 47). The most researched topics from the past to the present were chronic pain, opioids, analgesia/analgesics, cancer pain, postoperative pain, low back pain, opioid, cancer, acute pain, and self-management. Factor analysis identified key topics such as analgesia and various types of pain in the central factor, with additional subfactors including low back pain and physiotherapy, nursing, and postoperative anxiety and depression. In recent years, starting in 2020, trending research topics have shifted towards e-health, telemedicine, virtual reality, digital health, mental health, peripheral nerve blocks, erector spinae plane blocks, quadratus lumborum blocks, opioid use disorder, buprenorphine, musculoskeletal pain, COVID-19, cervicalgia, and interprofessional collaboration. In addition to Western countries with major economies in the field of PM (USA, Canada, Australia, and European countries), we identified China, India, and Turkey as research leaders. Our bibliometric analysis of 10,566 articles on PM reveals a significant growth in research, with recent trends focusing on e-health, telemedicine, virtual reality, and peripheral nerve blocks. These emerging technologies and personalized treatment approaches are shaping the future of PM.
Effect of incentive nursing care on perioperative depression and anxiety in thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cui Ying , Li Yi-Xuan , Zhang Lian-Jie
Published: January 2025

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of incentive nursing care (ICN) as a supplementary therapy to routine nursing care (RNC) on depression and anxiety (DA) in patients undergoing thyroid cancer (TC) surgery during the perioperative period (PPP).

Methods:

A thorough search was conducted across various electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, spanning from their inception to October 1, 2023. The inclusion criteria were limited to randomized controlled trials focusing on the effects of ICN and RNC on DA in TC surgery during PPP. The primary outcomes assessed were depression, using the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and anxiety, measured by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Additionally, the influence of ICN and RNC on the overall quality of life of the patients was evaluated using the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:

This meta-analysis incorporated a total of 12 eligible trials encompassing 999 patients. The findings indicated that the combination of ICN and RNC yielded superior outcomes compared to RNC alone across various measures. Specifically, ICN plus RNC demonstrated significant improvements over RNC alone in terms of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (P < .001), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (P < .001), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (physical function, role function, cognitive function, emotional function, social function, and overall quality of life) (P < .001).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study demonstrate the considerable benefits of implementing ICN and RNC in the management of DA among patients with TC during PPP. However, it is crucial to interpret these results cautiously in light of the aforementioned limitations.
Exploring utilities of [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab immunoPET in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdlkadir Ahmed Saad , Allouzi Sudqi , Obeidat Shahed , Mikhail-Lette Miriam , Shi Hongcheng , Al-Ibraheem Akram
Published: January 2025

[64Cu]Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab represents a novel immunopositron emission tomography (immunoPET) agent with emerging diagnostic applications in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-expressing breast cancer (BC). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the current diagnostic utilities of [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET/computed tomography (CT) and explores tumor uptake metrics in HER2-positive BC lesions. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid databases was conducted using relevant keywords to identify eligible studies. Of the 123 articles reviewed, six met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative data analysis was applied to all included studies. Several promising utilities were identified, including [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab’s capacity to detect HER2-positive primary BC lesions, lymph nodes, and distant metastases. Additionally, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET/CT demonstrated potential in predicting therapy response in HER2-positive lesions. The overall lesion detectability was 91% [95% confidence interval (CI), 81–98%] for HER2-positive BC. HER2-positive BC lesions exhibited significantly higher maximum standardized uptake values compared to HER2-negative lesions, with a weighted mean difference of 2.14 (95% CI, 0.18–4.09; P = 0.03). These findings underscore the need for further large-scale and prospective investigations of this promising radiotracer in the near future.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation status among long-term care residents in Norway
Authors: Skirbekk Vegard , Sundsback Halse Bjørn Atle , Schøyen Seterelv Siri , Selbæk Geir , Langballe Ellen Melbye
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Norwegian health authorities require all long-term care institutions to determine and record whether residents should have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) administered in the case of an emergency. There is a need to better understand variation in CPR-status using population level data to obtain accurate estimates and to understand how it differs by cultural and socioeconomic status.

Design

Population register based assessments.

Setting and Participants

This study investigate the proportions of CPR+ and CPR-2. by age, gender, marital status, primary contact and care needs in a sample that include all residents in long-term care facilities in Oslo aged 50 years or older (N= 11,948) during the period 1stof January 2018 to 31stof December 2023. Everyone in the dataset had CPR status.

Methods

Descriptive population-level assessment of health care residents’ registry data and logistic regression analyses.

Results

The proportion of residents who were CPR+ was slightly below one third (31.4%), with significantly more women (33,2%) than men (27.9%). CPR+ decreased with age (45.9% for those aged 50–66 years, 27.4% for those aged 85-89 years) but rose again for the oldest age group (33.0%, aged 90+). Compared to unmarried individuals and widows or widowers, the proportion of married long-term care residents with CPR+ was lower. Those who had no primary contact or more distant ones (e.g., a lawyer) were more likely to be CPR+. The CPR+ was slightly higher among individuals with comprehensive care needs. However, the differences were only significant for CPR+ among those with comprehensive care needs compared to those with moderate care needs when adjusted for age, gender, and primary contact.

Conclusions and Implications

Only one third of long-term care residents in Norway are registered as CPR+. Particularly women and those at younger ages and the oldest old were more likely to be CPR+. The low proportions of CPR+ residents across major segments of Norway’s institutionalized population as well as gender and age distribution will hopefully spark debates about CPR practices.
Enhanced Detection of RNA Modifications inEscherichia coliUtilizing Nanopore RNA004 Technology
Authors: Guo Zhihao , Shao Yanwen , Tan Lu , Lu Beifang , Deng Xin , Chen Sheng , Li Runsheng
Published: January 2025

RNA modifications are critical regulators of diverse cellular processes, yet their roles in prokaryotic mRNAs remain poorly understood. Recent advances in Oxford Nanopore sequencing—especially the RNA004 kit—have enabled higher yields, reduced signal-to-noise ratio, and improved read accuracy, making them promising tools for investigating bacterial epitranscriptomes. Here, we presented a comprehensive walkthrough forEscherichia coliRNA modification analysis based on RNA004. Using both native (WT) and in vitro-transcribed (IVT) RNA samples, we first evaluated the Dorado modification detection models (Ψ, m⁶A, m⁵C, and A-to-I). While each model successfully identified known rRNA modification sites, it also generated many false positives, emphasizing the need for careful data interpretation.

To address these limitations, we introduced nanoSundial (https://github.com/lrslab/nanoSundial), a new comparative method that leveraged raw current features from WT and IVT samples to detect multiple types of RNA modifications in prokaryotes. We optimized nanoSundial on well-studied rRNA sites and validated its effectiveness with tRNA modifications. Through technical and biological replicate analyses, nanoSundial demonstrated reproducibility exceeding 95% in tRNA, rRNA, and ncRNA regions, albeit with lower reproducibility (∼61%) in mRNA. We further found enrichment of mRNA modifications at the start or end of coding sequences. In total, 190 stably modified CDS regions were identified inE. coli, many of which cluster near the end of highly expressed transcriptional units (TUs) in each operon.

Overall, this study highlighted the strengths and limitations of current nanopore-based modification detection methods on bacterial RNA, introduced a robust new comparative tool, and elucidated previously uncharacterized mRNA modification landscapes. Our findings open new avenues for understanding the functional impacts of bacterial RNA modifications and advancing epitranscriptomic research in prokaryotes.