bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Study of Carbohydrates as Corrosion Inhibitors of Iron
Authors: Khalil Salim M. , Ali-Shattle Elbashir E. , Ali Nozha M.
Published: June 2013

The inhibitive effect of fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose against the iron corrosion is investigated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31 G level (d) to search the relation between the molecular structure and corrosion inhibition. The electronic properties such as the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the energy of lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO), the energy gap (LUMO-HOMO), quantum chemical parameters such as hardness, softness, the fraction of the electron transferred, and the electrophilicity index are reported. The inhibition efficiency of the investigated carbohydrates follows the trend: maltose <sucrose<lactose<fructose<glucose.
Karakterisasi fenotip kultivar padi tahan dan rentan wereng coklat, Nilaparvata lugens Stí¥l. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Astuti Puji , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: June 2013

Wereng coklat, Nilaparvata lugens Stí¥l. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) merupakan salah satu hama utama padi di Indonesia. Kultivar tahan wereng coklat telah dikembangkan guna menghadapi serangan hama tersebut. Akan tetapi, bentuk ekspresi ketahanan kultivar tahan terhadap wereng coklat masih belum dipahami dengan jelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari variasi rambut tanaman dan pola pita protein total pada kultivar tahan dan rentan terhadap wereng coklat. Identifikasi keberadaan rambut dilakukan secara langsung dengan mikroskop, sedangkan pola pita protein total dipelajari dengan teknik elektroforesis pada SDS-PAGE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rambut tanaman pada kultivar padi tahan wereng coklat berbeda dengan kultivar rentan (Pelita I/1). Rambut tanaman pada beberapa kultivar tahan, tumbuh lebih rapat, lebih banyak, dan atau lebih besar/panjang dibandingkan yang tumbuh relatif kultivar rentan (Pelita I/1). Namun, jumlah rambut tersebut tidak berkolerasi dengan tingkat ketahanan. Pada kedaan tidak diinfestasi wereng coklat, ekspresi pola pita protein total, antara kultivar rentan dan tahan, tidak berbeda secara nyata. Pelita I/1 (rentan) menunjukkan kemiripan kuat dengan IR 26 (tahan biotipe 1) dan menunjukkan kemiripan dengan IR 42 (tahan biotipe-2) dan IR 74 (tahan biotipe 3), namun keempat kultivar tersebut menunjukkan kemiripan lemah dengan kultivar tahan IR 36 (tahan biotipe 2). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik rambut tanaman maupun pola pita protein total belum dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi varietas rentan dan tahan wereng coklat.
Studi berbagai jenis sarang permanen untuk mengembangbiakkan semut hitam, Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Saleh Ahmad
Published: June 2013

Semut hitam Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) merupakan salah satu agens hayati yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama penggerek buah kakao Conopomorpha cramerella dan Helopeltis sp. Di dalam aplikasinya, diperlukan populasi semut hitam yang tinggi untuk secara efektif mencegah serangan C. cramerella, sehingga untuk mengembangkan populasi semut harus membuat sarang semut di perkebunan. Kepadatan populasi semut hitam pada tiga jenis sarang permanen dan satu sarang tidak permanen diamati perkembanganya selama 3 bulan. Setiap bulan, lima sarang dari masing-masing jenis diambil secara acak kemudian dihitung semua fase semut hitam yang berada di dalam sarang. Sarang permanen akan menyangga kepadatan populasi semut selama beberapa tahun dan kepadatan populasi semut hitam lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan sarang yang terbuat dari daun kakao kering saja. Sarang permanen terbuat dari 75 lembar daun kakao kering yang dimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik yang sudah diberi lubang ventilasi. Dalam jangka panjang sarang semut hitam permanen biayanya lebih ekonomis dibandingkan sarang semut yang dibuat hanya dari daun kakao kering karena tidak selalu diperlukan pergantian. Sarang semut permanen juga akan menjamin mempertahankan kepadatan populasi semut hitam stabil.
Casualidad, causalidad o consecuencia. Lo que ustedes prefieran.
Authors: Magraner Hernández Juan
Published: June 2013

Artículo de la sección Tribuna de adComunica.
La participación de los oyentes en las radio APPs españolas. Prácticas convencionales en la era de la portabilidad.
Authors: Piñeiro-Otero Teresa , Videla Rodríguez José Juan
Published: June 2013

El traspaso de la radiofonía hertziana a la Internet ha supuesto una transformación radical del medio sonoro. Con la mediamorfosis la radio ha perdido algunas de sus características clásicas como su fugacidad y su esencia exclusivamente sonora, al tiempo que ha estrechado la relación con su audiencia por medio de la adopción de nuevas formas de participación basadas en la interactividad. En el contexto de la cultura de la portabilidad, la radiofonía online consolida su presencia en diversos dispositivos portátiles. La radiofonía móvil va más allá de una nueva plataforma de distribución; supone una nueva dimensión de la radiomorfosis que exige la creación de contenidos radiofónicos adecuados a estos receptores inteligentes. La mutiplicación de terminales portátiles junto a la penetración alcanzada por la banda ancha móvil han propiciado la aparición del usuario conectado; usuario que presenta enormes potencialides para el medio sonor. En este sentido, el presente estudio ha tenido por objeto conocer la oferta de las aplicaciones para tablet y smartphone de las cadenas españolas, así como las posibilidades de participación que dichas APP ponen a disposición de los oyentes-usuarios.
Réseaux collectifs : les effets du capital social sur l’innovation. Le cas de l’innovation sociale dans les entreprises de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire
Authors: Persais Eric
Published: June 2013

Ce papier se donne pour objectif d’éclairer les incidences de la participation à un réseau collectif sur l’innovation sociale dans une entreprise. L’auteur repart des différentes dimensions du capital social, à savoir les interactions sociales, la confiance et la vision partagée entre les membres d’un réseau pour mesurer leur rôle et celui des structures collectives dans le processus d’innovation et l’innovation sociale. Cette recherche est basée sur une étude menée auprès d’un échantillon d’entreprises françaises du secteur de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS). Les résultats tendent, en partie, à étayer l’hypothèse d’une relation significative entre (1) le capital social et le soutien d’un réseau et (2) les échanges et partages d’expériences, ces derniers ayant un impact sur (3) le processus d’innovation et l’innovation sociale dans les entreprises. Les responsables des structures fédératives de l’ESS trouveront ici des arguments pour convaincre les dirigeants d’entreprises sociales, soucieuses de montrer leur différence avec celles de l’économie classique, de s’impliquer dans ces réseaux, lieux de partages d’expériences et sources d’innovation sociale.
Comment identifier les parties prenantes dans une certification RSE ?
Authors: El Abboubi Manal
Published: June 2013

La présente recherche étudie l’identification des parties dans un processus de certification de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) pour comprendre les mécanismes de sélection des parties prenantes prépondérantes. A travers une démarche qualitative basée sur deux études de cas, nous montrons que la certification RSE apporte des spécificités qui restent encore très peu documentées dans la littérature scientifique. Les parties prenantes identifiées dans les certifications RSE sont soit imposées par les fondements normatifs du standard, soit choisies par l’entreprise. L’identification est une opération de négociation et de construction tripartie dans laquelle l’entreprise, les parties prenantes et le certificateur peuvent jouer des rôles d’influence mutuels.
Temporal transcriptional response to ethylene gas drives growth hormone cross-regulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chang Katherine Noelani , Zhong Shan , Weirauch Matthew T , Hon Gary , Pelizzola Mattia , Li Hai , Huang Shao-shan Carol , Schmitz Robert J , Urich Mark A , Kuo Dwight , Nery Joseph R , Qiao Hong , Yang Ally , Jamali Abdullah , Chen Huaming , Ideker Trey , Ren Bing , Bar-Joseph Ziv , Hughes Timothy R , Ecker Joseph R
Published: June 2013

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene regulates a multitude of growth and developmental processes. How the numerous growth control pathways are coordinated by the ethylene transcriptional response remains elusive. We characterized the dynamic ethylene transcriptional response by identifying targets of the master regulator of the ethylene signaling pathway, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and transcript sequencing during a timecourse of ethylene treatment. Ethylene-induced transcription occurs in temporal waves regulated by EIN3, suggesting distinct layers of transcriptional control. EIN3 binding was found to modulate a multitude of downstream transcriptional cascades, including a major feedback regulatory circuitry of the ethylene signaling pathway, as well as integrating numerous connections between most of the hormone mediated growth response pathways. These findings provide direct evidence linking each of the major plant growth and development networks in novel ways.
Influence of Weather on Daily Symptoms of Pain and Fatigue in Female Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Multilevel Regression Analysis
Authors: Bossema Ercolie R. , van Middendorp Henriët , Jacobs Johannes W. G. , Bijlsma Johannes W. J. , Geenen Rinie
Published: June 2013

Objective

Although patients with fibromyalgia often report that specific weather conditions aggravate their symptoms, empirical studies have not conclusively demonstrated such a relationship. Our aim was to examine the association between weather conditions and daily symptoms of pain and fatigue in fibromyalgia, and to identify patient characteristics explaining individual differences in weather sensitivity.

Methods

Female patients with fibromyalgia (n = 333, mean age 47.0 years, mean time since diagnosis 3.5 years) completed questions on pain and fatigue on 28 consecutive days. Daily weather conditions, including air temperature, sunshine duration, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity, were obtained from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Multilevel regression analysis was applied.

Results

In 5 (10%) of 50 analyses, weather variables showed a significant but small effect on either pain or fatigue. In 10 analyses (20%), significant, small differences between patients were observed in the random effects of the weather variables, suggesting that symptoms of patients were, to a small extent, differentially affected by some weather conditions, for example, high pain with either low or high atmospheric pressure. These individual differences were explained neither by demographic, functional, or mental patient characteristics, nor by season or weather variation during the assessment period.

Conclusion

There is more evidence against than in support of a uniform influence of weather on daily pain and fatigue in female patients with fibromyalgia. Although individuals appear to be differentially sensitive to certain weather conditions, there is no indication that specific patient characteristics play a role in weather sensitivity.
Sex determination of human skeletal populations using latent profile analysis
Authors: Passalacqua Nicholas V. , Zhang Zhen , Pierce Steven J.
Published: June 2013

Accurately estimating biological sex from the human skeleton can be especially difficult for fragmentary or incomplete remains often encountered in bioarchaeological contexts. Where typical anatomically dimorphic skeletal regions are incomplete or absent, observers often take their best guess to classify biological sex. Latent profile analysis (LPA) is a mixture modeling technique which uses observed continuous data to estimate unobserved categorical group membership using posterior probabilities. In this study, sex is the latent variable (male and female are the two latent classes), and the indicator variables used here were eight standard linear measurements (long bone lengths, diaphyseal and articular breadths, and circumferences). Mplus (Muthén and Muthén: Mplus user's guide, 6th ed. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén, 2010) was used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates for latent class membership from a known sample of individuals from the forensic data bank (FDB) (Jantz and Moore‐Jansen: Database for forensic anthropology in the United States 1962–1991, Ann Arbor, MI: Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, 2000) (n = 1,831), yielding 87% of correct classification for sex. Then, a simulation extracted 5,000 different random samples of 206 complete cases each from the FDB (these cases also had known sex). We then artificially imposed patterns of missing data similar to that observed in a poorly preserved bioarchaeological sample from Medieval Asturias, Spain (n = 206), and ran LPA on each sample. This tested the efficacy of LPA under extreme conditions of poor preservation (missing data, 42%). The simulation yielded an average of 82% accuracy, indicating that LPA is robust to large amounts of missing data when analyzing incomplete skeletons. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:538–543, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taxonomic attribution of the La Grive hominoid teeth
Authors: Pérez de los Ríos Miriam , Alba David M. , Moyà‐Solà Salvador
Published: June 2013

The two hominoid teeth—a central upper incisor (NMB G.a.9.) and an upper molar (FSL 213981)—from the Middle Miocene site of La Grive‐Saint‐Alban (France) have been traditionally attributed to Dryopithecus fontani (Hominidae: Dryopithecinae). However, during the last decade discoveries in the Vallès‐Penedès Basin (Spain) have shown that several hominoid genera were present in Western Europe during the late Middle Miocene. As a result, the attribution of the dryopithecine teeth from La Grive is not as straightforward as previously thought. In fact, similarities with the upper incisor of Pierolapithecus have led to suggestions that either the latter taxon is present at La Grive, or that it is a junior synonym of Dryopithecus. Here, we re‐describe the La Grive teeth and critically revise their taxonomic assignment based on metrical and morphological comparisons with other Middle to Late Miocene hominoids from Europe and Turkey, with particular emphasis on those from the Vallès‐Penedès Basin. Our results suggest that the I1 differs in several respects from those of Pierolapithecus and Hispanopithecus, so that an attribution to either Dryopithecus or Anoiapithecus (for which this tooth is unknown) seems more likely. The molar, in turn, most likely corresponds to the M1 of a female individual. Compared to other Middle Miocene taxa, its occlusal morphology enables its distinction from Pierolapithecus, whereas relative crown height agrees well with Dryopithecus. Therefore, based on available evidence, we support the traditional attribution of the La Grive hominoid to D. fontani. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:558–565, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychoanalysis and El Sistema: Human Development through Music
Authors: Slevin Michael , Slevin Patrick
Published: June 2013

Impoverished communities have traditionally not been the site of either psychoanalysis or classical music. As psychoanalysts look increasingly beyond the consulting room for ways to have an impact on the individual or on society at large, they might profitably engage with and help conceptualize programs like Austin Soundwaves, a United States offshoot of the Venezuelan program, El Sistema. El Sistema promotes human opportunity and development through free classical music education, serving 400,000 children and youth from the barrios of Venezuela. Freud on social justice and Bion on work groups can contribute to this project. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembly of a Halogenated Molecule on Oxide‐Passivated Cu(110)
Authors: El Garah Mohamed , Lipton‐Duffin Josh , MacLeod Jennifer M. , Gutzler Rico , Palmino Frank , Luzet Vincent , Chérioux Frédéric , Rosei Federico
Published: June 2013

The supramolecular self‐assembly of brominated molecules was investigated and compared on Cu(110) and Cu(110)O(2×1) surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum. By using scanning tunnelling microscopy, we show that brominated molecules form a disordered structure on Cu(110), whereas a well‐ordered supramolecular network is observed on the Cu(110)O(2×1) surface. The different adsorption behaviors of these two surfaces are described in terms of weakened molecule–substrate interactions on Cu(110)O(2×1) as opposed to bare Cu(110). The effect of oxygen‐passivation is to suppress debromination and it can be a convenient approach for investigating other self‐assembly processes on copper‐based substrates.
A validated silver‐nanoparticle‐enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of citalopram in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naeem , Jan Muhammad Rasul , Shah Jasmin , Lee Sang Hak
Published: June 2013

A simple and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method was developed for the determination of citalopram in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma. The method is based on the enhancement of the weak CL signal of the luminol–H2O2 system. It was found that the CL signal arising from the reaction between alkaline luminol and H2O2 was greatly increased by the addition of silver nanoparticles in the presence of citalopram. Prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various experimental parameters affecting CL intensity were studied and optimized for the determination of citalopram. Under optimized experimental conditions, CL intensity was found to be proportional to the concentration of citalopram in the range 40–2500 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the devised method were 3.78 and 12.62 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method was found to have excellent reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.65% (n = 7). Potential interference by common excipients was also studied. The method was validated statistically using recovery studies and was successfully applied to the determination of citalopram in the pure form, in pharmaceutical preparations and in spiked human plasma samples. Percentage recoveries were found to range from 97.71 to 101.99% for the pure form, from 97.84 to 102.78% for pharmaceutical preparations and from 95.65 to 100.35% for spiked human plasma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Easily‐Controlled Chemoselective Hydrogenation by using Palladium on Boron Nitride
Authors: Yabe Yuki , Sawama Yoshinari , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Nagata Saori , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: June 2013

The hydrogenation catalyzed heterogeneously by palladium on boron nitride (Pd/BN) in methanol realized the chemoselective hydrogenation of only azides, alkenes, and alkynes in the presence of other reducible functionalities such as benzyl ethers, aryl halides, aryl ketones, and nitro groups. Furthermore, the totally chemoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes could also be achieved without the reduction of other coexisting reducible functionalities, which include azides and alkenes, by using Pd/BN in pyridine as a solvent.
Immobilization of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase on Bamboo Charcoal to Resolve (R,S)‐Phenylethanol in Organic Medium
Authors: Zhou X. , Gao Q. , Feng W. , Pan K.
Published: June 2013

Immobilization of lipase on bamboo charcoal was confirmed by spectra of FTIR, UV‐Vis, and XPS. Under optimal conditions, the immobilized lipase retains 87 % of the hydrolytic activity of the free lipase. Structural changes of the immobilized lipase were analyzed by circular dichroism and FTIR spectra, indicating that the secondary structure of the lipase was preserved well after immobilization. For catalyzing the enantioselective reaction in heptane, the catalysis efficiency of the immobilized lipase is 1.4 times that of free lipase. Immobilized lipase maintains the selectivity of free lipase.
Chiral Separation of the Clinically Important Compounds Fucose and Pipecolic Acid Using CE: Determination of the Most Effective Chiral Selector
Authors: Hadjistasi Christoforos A. , Stavrou Ioannis J. , Stefan‐Van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Kapnissi‐Christodoulou Constantina P.
Published: June 2013

In this study, simple electrophoretic methods were developed for the chiral separation of the clinically important compounds fucose and pipecolic acid. In recent years, these analytes, and particularly their individual enantiomers, have attracted considerable attention due to their role in biological functions and disorders. The detectability and sensitivity of pipecolic acid and fucose were improved by reacting them with fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC‐Cl) and 5‐amino‐2‐naphthalene‐sulfonic acid (ANSA), respectively. The enantioseparation conditions were optimized by initially investigating the type of the chiral selector. Different chiral selectors, such as polymeric surfactants and cyclodextrins, were used and the most effective ones were determined with regard to resolution and analysis time. A 10‐mM β‐cyclodextrin was able to separate the enantiomers of ANSA‐DL‐fucose and the polymeric surfactant poly(sodium N‐undecanoyl‐LL‐leucine‐valinate) was able to separate the enantiomers of FMOC‐DL‐pipecolic acid, with resolution values of 3.45 and 2.78, respectively. Additional parameters, such as the concentration and the pH of the background electrolyte (BGE), the concentration of the chiral selector, and the addition of modifiers were examined in order to optimize the separations. The addition of the chiral ionic liquid D‐alanine tert‐butyl ester lactate into the BGE was also investigated, for the first time, in order to improve resolution of the enantiomers. Chirality 25:556–560, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling Effects of Gas Sources on Gas Hydrate Formation in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Zhen‐Quan LU , Jia‐Xiong HE , Chun‐Shuang JIN , Hui LIU , You‐Hai ZHU , Sheng‐Xiong YANG , Guang‐Xue ZHANG , Xia HUANG , Ping‐Kang WANG
Published: June 2013

Geological factors affecting gas hydrate formation and distribution are different horizontally and vertically in the northern slope of the South China Sea such as the Shenhu area. Whether variation of gas sources is an important resultant factor is worth exploring. In this paper, 14 cases of gas source are summarized on the base of existing data and a semi‐quantitative analysis is conducted by modeling to study their effects on gas hydrate formation in the northern South China Sea. Modeling results show that various gas sources will enhance temperature conditions for gas hydrate formation by 0.49°C to 5.44°C, mostly by more than 2°C, with respect to known gas hydrate in the Shenhu area. This indicates that various gas sources greatly change gas hydrate formation conditions, suggesting that they are probably important factors to affect gas hydrate formation and distribution in the northern South China Sea.
The Distortion of Seismic Imaging in the Presence of Mesoscale Eddies and Analysis of Influencing Factors
Authors: Li‐Li JI , Mian LIN
Published: June 2013

Combined with seismic simulation methods, the parabolic equation method is used to investigate the distortion of seismic imaging of the target stratum caused by mesoscale eddies. Seismic wave fields for different frequencies and water depths are simulated. It is found that the seismic imaging of the target stratum, due to the perturbation of eddies, does not agree with the real stratum and the distortions increase with the water depth and the frequency. Analysis of the mechanism of distortions suggests that the perturbation of temperature gradient caused by eddies is one of the most important reasons. To facilitate engineering application, we deduce a relationship among the maximum distorted rate of seismic imaging, the temperature difference and the effective intensity of eddies. The results of this paper could provide guidance for enhancement of accuracy of seismic imaging in deep sea.
Anomalous Tremor Waves in Tidal Observations
Authors: Jun JIANG , Yan‐Bin ZHANG , Gang LIN , De‐Cong CHEN , Chang LI , Yun‐Peng ZHANG , Xiao‐Fei MA , Xiao‐Hui WAN
Published: June 2013

In observations of the earth tide, there are often some anomalous microseisms in tidal signals. These microseisms are observed by broadband digital seismographs at the same time. Some of these microseisms are generated by tropical cyclones in the western Pacific, and others are mostly accompanied by major earthquakes, called anomalous tremor waves. This article outlines the earthquake and tide observation station of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), and reports the anomalous tremor waves recorded by the DZW gravimeter and VS‐1 tiltmeter at this station. A lot of observations show that the anomalous tremor waves appeared in the records of the low‐pass 1 channel (LP1) of the DZW gravimeter and VS‐1 tiltmeter, but were rare in that of the low‐pass 2 channel (LP2) of the instruments and other tidal instruments. The envelope of the anomalous tremor waves is mostly like a spindle or tail, with a duration of 1 to 3 days. The research of the anomalous tremor waves and the tidal instruments suggests that these anomalous tremor waves are actually micro‐tremor signals originated from complex sources, which have a wide response range, and can be recorded by broadband digital seismographs and tidal instruments. The main periods of the anomalous tremor waves aroused by the tropical cyclone in the western Pacific are about 3∼7 s, and the tremor waves before earthquakes have not only a main period of 3∼7 s but also 10∼60 s or longer periods. The differences of the responses of tidal instruments to anomalous tremor waves are mainly decided by the transfer function and property of the instruments. The DZW gravimeter and VS‐1 tiltmeter take samples per minute, so the anomalous tremor waves are the aliasing or mapping of the real signals. Whether the anomalous tremor waves before earthquakes are related to the earthquakes, or a seismic precursor needs more detailed and deeper analysis.
Determination of the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile from FUV Remote Sensing Measurements
Authors: Jing WANG , Yi TANG , Zhi‐Ge ZHANG , Xu‐Li ZHENG , Guo‐Qiang NI
Published: June 2013

A limb viewing model is established in this paper based on GUVI measurements of OI 135.6 nm nightglow and a method with Chapman function describing the distribution of ionospheric electron density is presented to obtain the ionospheric electron density profile. We apply the regularization and Newton iteration method to calculate ionospheric peak electron density and peak height with GUVI measurements, eliminating the ill condition of the weighted matrix. The ionospheric electron density profile is obtained using the calculated peak electron density and peak height as inputs. To evaluate the fidelity of the proposed algorithm in this paper, the retrieved electron density profiles are compared with those from ground‐based observations. The results show that the retrieved electron density profiles agree well with those from ISR. Afterwards, the effects of magnetic storms on EDP are studied with the retrieved EDPs of the period between Sep 29 and Oct 3, 2002.
Interdecadal Linkages Between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Interhemispheric Air Mass Oscillation and Their Possible Connections with East Asian Monsoon
Authors: Chu‐Han LU , Zhao‐Yong GUAN , Yong‐Hua LI , Ying‐Ying BAI
Published: June 2013

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) recently emerged in the literature as a robust signal in the Northern Hemisphere climate variability. Many studies reported that the relationships between PDO and East Asian monsoon (EAM) and climate variability in China are significant. Their possible mechanisms are, however, still unclear. Using the observational NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and Chinese station data during the period of 1969–2008, this study investigates the interdecadal relationship between Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and interhemispheric air mass imbalance or oscillation (IHO) between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The possible connection of PDO and IHO with both East Asian monsoon and climate variability in China are also assessed. It is found that the interdecadal components (11∼38 years) of PDO, IHO, and EAM contribute large variance to low frequency variations, and they are well‐matched with each other on (inter) decadal timescale. In particular, their negative phases mainly appeared in the 1970 s and late 1990 s, while positive phase in period from 1980 s to mid 1990 s. Decadal change of global mean air columnar temperature may be the key factor for the notable difference between PDO and IHO from mid 1970 s to mid 1990 s. The spatial distributions of PDO and IHO associated surface air temperature and surface pressure anomalies exhibit high similarity and large scale characteristics, indicative of their intimate linkage with air mass redistribution over the global domain especially over 30°S–50°N. The PDO associated columnar integral of velocity potential anomalies that maintain the air mass redistribution show a dipole pattern with air mass flux emanating mainly from the eastern hemisphere to the Pacific regions in positive PDO phase. This contributes to hemispherical and land‐sea mass exchange and redistribution, and also leads to the decadal displacement of both upward and downward branch of Walker circulation. In positive phase of PDO, an anomalous anticyclone is found in the Mongolian region in both boreal summer and winter seasons, inducing significant anomalous northerlies in the eastern China, and hence intensifying (weakening) the east Asian winter (summer) monsoon. Consequently, the interdecadal components of temperature and precipitation at most stations in east China are simultaneously correlated with the Pacific decadal oscillation index significantly.
Short‐Term Stabilization of Organic Matter in Physically, Chemically, and Biochemically Protected Pools in Soils Amended with Municipal Wastes
Authors: Fernández José M. , López‐de‐Sá Esther G. , Polo Alfredo , Plaza César
Published: June 2013

Increased understanding of the stabilization mechanisms of the organic matter (OM) entering the soil system through the application of organic amendments is of paramount agronomic and environmental importance. Here, we examined the organic C and total N distribution in OM pools (i.e. free, intra‐macroaggregate, intra‐microaggregate, mineral‐associated, dissolved, and humic acid fractions) characterized by different protection mechanisms in soils annually amended with different organic substrates of municipal origin (i.e. municipal solid waste compost, sewage sludge compost, and thermally dried sewage sludge) for three years. With respect to the unamended control soil, the application of the three organic materials, especially thermally dried sewage sludge, increased soil organic C, and total N contents. The organic inputs accumulated mostly in the physically unprotected free OM pool, as relatively fresh, low humified materials, and secondarily in the intra‐macroaggregate fraction, as partially decomposed OM weakly protected by physical mechanisms. Our results suggest that mechanisms related to strong physical protection in microaggregates and chemical inaccessibility by intimate association with minerals do not govern OM stabilization in the short term.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationships of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as TGR5 Agonists
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Ye Yangliang , Ning Mengmeng , Mándi Attila , Feng Ying , Zou Qingan , Kurtán Tibor , Leng Ying , Shen Jianhua
Published: June 2013

Given its role in the mediation of energy and glucose homeostasis, the G‐protein‐coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) is considered a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders. By thorough analysis of diverse structures of published TGR5 agonists, a hypothetical ligand‐based pharmacophore model was built, and a new class of potent TGR5 agonists, based on the novel 3,4,5‐trisubstituted 4,5‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole core, was discovered by rational design. Three distinct synthetic methods for constructing 4,5‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles and extensive structure–activity relationship studies are reported herein. Compound (R)‐54 n, the structure of which was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and quantum chemical solid‐state TDDFT‐ECD calculations, showed the best potency, with an EC50 value of 1.4 nM toward hTGR5. Its favorable properties in vitro warrant further investigation.
Interest of the Precatalyst Design for Olefin Metathesis Operating in a Discontinuous Nanofiltration Membrane Reactor
Authors: Nasser Ghassan , Renouard Thierry , Shahane Saurabh , Fischmeister Cédric , Bruneau Christian , Rabiller‐Baudry Murielle
Published: June 2013

This study aimed at evaluating the impact of the structure of several new olefin metathesis homogeneous catalysts on the performances of a membrane reactor running in a discontinuous mode and equipped with a nanofiltration membrane that was stable in toluene. A set of tailor‐made ruthenium‐based precatalysts were prepared with a first objective of enhancing the retention of the precatalyst, that is the stable source of the active catalyst, by organic solvent nanofiltration using a commercial polyimide membrane (Starmem 122). These prototype precatalysts were designed taking into account both the molecular weight and the physicochemical characteristics allowing up to 99.6 % retention of the precatalyst in toluene. The new precatalysts were then engaged in a model ring‐closing metathesis reaction in the membrane reactor. Results, expressed as the precatalyst apparent turnover number, showed significant differences according to the selected precatalyst, underlining that the membrane reactor advantages and limitations were closely linked to the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. In addition to the retention of the precatalyst by the membrane, a major parameter was the percentage of the precatalyst really activated during the first load of the substrate since that controls the residual amount of precatalyst to be engaged in the following reaction cycle. The main consequence was the proposal of different running modes consisting of a cascade of synthesis in batch mode and separation by the membrane or a membrane reactor process.
Taxonomy, metrics or traits? Assessing macroinvertebrate community responses to daily flow peaking in a highly regulated Brazilian river system
Authors: Tupinambás Taynan H. , Cortes Rui M. V. , Varandas Simone G. , Hughes Samantha J. , França Juliana S. , Callisto Marcos
Published: June 2013

Damming disrupts lotic continuity, creating a lentic water body upstream of the dam and a lotic stretch downstream that is highly vulnerable to temporal fluctuations in flow and physiochemical quality depending on the operational regime of the dam. Thus, an essential part of any dam operation programme must take into account a typologically suitable environmental flow regime, in order to maintain downstream structure and function. We assessed the seasonal impact of daily flow peaking regimes on the taxonomic composition, metrics and traits of the macroinvertebrate community in the lotic section situated downstream of the Itutinga reservoir on the Rio Grande in the state of Minas Gerais in southeast Brazil. The flow manipulation experiments were carried out in both wet (January) and dry periods (July) of 2010. The samplings were carried out in two hydraulic situations (fixed flow and daily flow peaking). Benthic macroinvertebrates and sediment were collected in three habitat types (backwater, fluvial beach and running water). Water variables were measured only in the fluvial beach habitat. Both water column and sediment variables downstream were heavily influenced by the retention capacity of the reservoir rather than the daily flow peak value. The trait approach was more sensitive than abundance and metrics and could detect the effects of daily flow peaking. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities sampled downstream of the Itutinga reservoir were more influenced by the sediment composition at each of the three studied habitats, than by the tested daily flow peaking. However, given the short timescale of this study, it may be difficult to the influence of these two interrelated factors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of glacial retreat on proglacial streams and riparian zones in the Coast and North Cascade Mountains
Authors: Cowie Natasha M. , Moore R. Dan , Hassan Marwan A.
Published: June 2013

Proglacial stream development was studied in coastal British Columbia and Washington, focusing on reaches exposed by post‐Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier retreat, to address three principal questions: (i) Does the legacy of LIA glaciation influence the evolution of channel morphology? (ii) How long does it take for riparian forest to establish following glacier retreat? (iii) Can newly exposed proglacial streams provide suitable fish habitat? Channel morphologies were identified by field surveys of 69 reaches in 10 catchments. Riparian forest development and potential fish habitat were characterized in those reaches and an additional 22 catchments using GIS analysis. The landscape template imposed by the Quaternary glaciation appears to override most of the modern effects of the LIA in controlling channel‐reach morphology. Binary logistic regression analysis identified elevation and time since deglaciation as primary controls on the presence of riparian forest. At higher elevations, establishment of morphologically functional riparian forest could take several centuries, prolonged by channel instability associated with post‐LIA sediment inputs. Of the recently deglaciated streams included in this analysis, the majority (86%) of the total length was of suitable gradient for fish and could be accessed either by downstream populations or from adjacent lakes. Predicted maximum weekly average stream temperature (MWAT) indicated that the post‐LIA study streams were thermally suitable for cold‐water fish. A future scenario of glacier loss would cause a 14% decline in accessible cold‐water thermal habitat in post‐LIA streams. Decreased summer flows due to glacier retreat could further limit usable habitat by reducing stream depths and wetted perimeters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OMA DM v1.x compliant lightweight device management for constrained M2M devices
Authors: Chu Nhon , Raouf Djelal , Corlay Bruno , Ammari Mohamed , Gligoric Nenad , Krco Srdjan , Ognjanovic Nemanja , Obradovic Aleksandar
Published: June 2013

This paper presents Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management (OMA DM) v1.x, an alternative lightweight solution that is fully compatible with the current OMA DM protocol and with all existing OMA Management Objects. This solution aims to enable operators and service providers to leverage their existing OMA DM servers to continue supporting current OMA DM enabled mobile devices and to incrementally support new constrained machine to machine devices through an added proxy server. Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management v1.x reduces the size of OMA DM messages by 89% while optimizing the processing performance and resource consumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing for Rare Variant Associations in the Presence of Missing Data
Authors: Auer Paul L. , Wang Gao , Leal Suzanne M.
Published: June 2013

For studies of genetically complex diseases, many association methods have been developed to analyze rare variants. When variant calls are missing, naïve implementation of rare variant association (RVA) methods may lead to inflated type I error rates as well as a reduction in power. To overcome these problems, we developed extensions for four commonly used RVA tests. Data from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute‐Exome Sequencing Project were used to demonstrate that missing variant calls can lead to increased false‐positive rates and that the extended RVA methods control type I error without reducing power. We suggest a combined strategy of data filtering based on variant and sample level missing genotypes along with implementation of these extended RVA tests.
Rapid strain accumulation on the Ashkabad fault (Turkmenistan) from atmosphere‐corrected InSAR
Authors: Walters R. J. , Elliott J. R. , Li Z. , Parsons B.
Published: June 2013

We have measured interseismic deformation across the Ashkabad strike‐slip fault using 13 Envisat interferograms covering a total effective timespan of ∼30 years. Atmospheric contributions to phase delay are significant and variable due to the close proximity of the Caspian Sea. In order to retrieve the pattern of strain accumulation, we show it is necessary to use data from Envisat's Medium‐Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) instrument, as well as numerical weather model outputs from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), to correct interferograms for differences in water vapor and atmospheric pressure, respectively. This has enabled us to robustly estimate the slip rate and locking depth for the Ashkabad fault using a simple elastic dislocation model. Our data are consistent with a slip rate of 5–12 mm/yr below a locking depth of 5.5–17 km for the Ashkabad fault, and synthetic tests support the magnitude of the uncertainties on these estimates. Our estimate of slip rate is 1.25–6 times higher than some previous geodetic estimates, with implications for both seismic hazard and regional tectonics, in particular supporting fast relative motion between the South Caspian Block and Eurasia. This result reinforces the importance of correcting for atmospheric contributions to interferometric phase for small strain measurements. We also attempt to validate a recent method for atmospheric correction based on ECMWF ERA‐Interim model outputs alone and find that this technique does not work satisfactorily for this region when compared to the independent MERIS estimates.
Relationships between fluid‐rock interactions and the electrical conductivity of sandstones
Authors: Schepers A. , Milsch H.
Published: June 2013

Batch and flow‐through experiments were performed on quartz‐feldspar granular aggregates and sandstone samples to investigate time‐dependent effects of fluid‐rock interactions on fluid and rock conductivity, respectively. The experiments were conducted at temperatures up to 164 °C, at confining and pore pressures up to 10 and 5 MPa, respectively, and for up to 136 days. It showed that changes in rock conductivity were unequivocally related to changes in pore fluid conductivity. It is inferred that these changes were dependent on kinetically controlled dissolution reactions between the mineral grains and the fluid. The time‐dependent signature of rock conductivity implied a detectable transition from initial dissolution toward some state of equilibrium. The response of rock conductivity to temperature changes followed an Arrhenius‐type behavior. An exploratory kinetic evaluation of the conductivity data for sandstone samples yielded an apparent activation energy of approximately 32 kJ/mol. A concurrent chemical fluid analysis showed that this is an integrated value over all reactions occurring in parallel within a sample. These reactions namely concern silica and silicate dissolution but also the dissolution of accessory salt minerals. It is concluded that measuring the evolution of rock conductivity in combination with chemical pore fluid analysis constitutes a powerful and quantitative tool for monitoring time‐dependent changes in pore fluid chemistry and thus fluid‐rock interactions in real time.
The ratio of the distance irredundance and domination numbers of a graph
Authors: Hattingh Johannes H. , Henning Michael A.
Published: June 2013

Let n ≥ 1 be an integer and let G be a graph. A set D of vertices in G is defined to be an n‐dominating set of G if every vertex of G is within distance n from some vertex of D. The minimum cardinality among all n‐dominating sets of G is called the n‐domination number of G and is denoted by γn(G). A set / of vertices in G is n‐irredundant if for every vertex x ∈ / there exists a vertex y that is within distance n from x but at distance greater than n from every vertex of / ‐ {x}. The n‐irredundance number of G, denoted by irn(G), is the minimum cardinality taken over all maximal n‐irredundant sets of vertices of G. We show that inf{irn(G)/γn(G) | G is an arbitrary finite undirected graph with neither loops nor multiple edges} = 1/2 with the infimum not being attained. Subsequently, we show that 2/3 is a lower bound on all quotients irn(T)/γn(T) in which T is a tree. Furthermore, we show that, for n ≥ 2, this bound is sharp. These results extend those of R. B. Allan and R.C. Laskar [“On Domination and Some Related Concepts in Graph Theory,” Utilitas Mathematica, Vol. 21 (1978), pp. 43–56], B. Bollobás and E. J. Cockayne [“Graph‐Theoretic Parameters Concerning Domination, Independence and Irredundance,” Journal of Graph Theory, Vol. 3 (1979), pp. 241–249], and P. Damaschke [Irredundance Number versus Domination Number, Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 89 (1991), pp. 101–104].
On the sum of all distances in chromatic blocks
Authors: Tomescu Ioan
Published: June 2013

In this paper all 2‐connected k‐chromatic graphs of order n with the maximum sum of all distances between their vertices are characterized for every k ≥ 2, thus strengthening a result of J. Plesnik.

Moreover, several auxiliary results are proved on chromatic critical graphs and 2‐connected graphs.
Planar graph coloring with an uncooperative partner
Authors: Kierstead H. A. , Trotter W. T.
Published: June 2013

We show that the game chromatic number of a planar graph is at most 33. More generally, there exists a function f: ℕ → ℕ so that for each n ∈ ℕ, if a graph does not contain a homeomorph of Kn, then its game chromatic number is at most f(n). In particular, the game chromatic number of a graph is bounded in terms of its genus. Our proof is motivated by the concept of p‐arrangeability, which was first introduced by Guantao and Schelp in a Ramsey theoretic setting.
The crossing numbers of products of paths and stars with 4‐vertex graphs
Authors: Klešč Marián
Published: June 2013

In this article we determine the crossing numbers of the Cartesian products of graphs on four vertices with paths and stars.