bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical Questions about Human Trafficking during Times of Dictatorship: Kidnapped Children in Spain and Argentina
Authors: Corbalán Ana
Published: May 2020

This chapter concentrates on the ethical commitment that the discovery of the trafficking of thousands of children brings to light. By analyzing narratives that denounce children’s abductions during the most recent dictatorships in Spain and Argentina, this essay highlights the common traits found in many works that explore the systematic disappearance of minors during these regimes.
Abstract Concrete
Authors: Thomas Greg
Published: May 2020

In the work of the London-based poet Bob Cobbing, we can sense the culmination of a global shift in the definition of concrete poetry. For Cobbing, concrete poetry became a means of transcending or evading language in order to access a space of objective communication. His work responded to a whole gamut of twentieth-century and historical forms, from ritual chant-based practices to Dada performance, to the contemporaneous sound poetry of French ‘Ultralettrists’ such as Henri Chopin, William Burroughs’s cut-ups, and auto-destructive art. The example of classical concrete poetry served more as a stylistic counterpoint than a direct influence. Cobbing’s practice was also centrally motivated by a counter-cultural belief that artistic forms which broke down boundaries between media could have more broadly, socially disruptive and revolutionary effects. The development of these sentiments is traced from Cobbing’s early production of duplicator prints during the 1940-50s to his non-semantic, performance-oriented concrete practice of the early 1970s, in which single visual poems become the basis for endless improvisatory reworking. At the close of the chapter, the non-linguistic quality of Cobbing’s work is considered as a manifestation of, and response to, broader tensions within the concrete style.
The Shadow of Subversion
Authors: Doyle David M. , O’Callaghan Liam
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the abolition of the death penalty in Ireland. The Criminal Justice Act 1964, introduced by the Minister for Justice and staunch abolitionist Charles Haughey, removed the death penalty for all offences apart from murder committed under certain circumstances. Among these was murder of an on-duty member of the Garda Síochána, who, the government decided, warranted the additional protection assumed to be afforded them by the death penalty. The legislation was grounded in lingering fears, as old as the state itself, about anti-state subversive activities, mainly those likely to be carried out by the IRA. In light of this, the chapter compares the abolition experiences of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. That the death penalty was a dubious deterrent under the southern legislation was proven by a spate of garda murders (and resultant death sentences) in the 1970s and 1980s perpetrated by individuals specifically targeted by the 1964 Act. The potency of the 1964 Act was also undermined by the singular unwillingness of any Irish government even consider confirming a death sentence, especially in light of the abolitionist consensus among western European governments.
‘In The Open Country’: Nature and the Environment during the ‘Monster’ Meeting Campaign of 1843
Authors: Gilmore Huston
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the role of nature and the environment during the series of O’Connellite ‘monster’ meetings demanding the repeal of the Act of Union during the spring and summer of 1843. It considers the nature and extent of popular participation in O’Connell’s extra-parliamentary campaign amidst a charged political atmosphere and within specific environments in which place, identity, and a discourse of nationalist grievance as negotiated through a historicisation of the Irish landscape. It seeks to analyse both the processional nature of O’Connell’s rallies, the politicised culture of conviviality they engendered, and the extent to which the Repeal Association staged these rallies with a view to how they were reported in the popular press. O’Connell’s 1843 campaign is thus seen as a burst of popular participation on a scale hitherto unseen in Ireland. The O’Connellite ‘monster’ meeting is presented as a campaign to dominate public space in both small town and rural environments, based on a symbiotic relationship between the Repeal Association and Catholicism which deployed a nationalist iconography that deployed images of the natural world, and exhorted the Irish peasantry to peacefully demonstrate in favour of Repeal by invoking the natural advantages of Ireland that would be unleashed by self-government.
On Why the UK’s First National Park Might Have Been in Ireland
Authors: Kelly Matthew
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the debate provoked by the decision to place the Muckross Estate in Co. Kerry on the market in the 1890s. Home Rule MPs, among others, insisted that the state should buy the estate on behalf of the people and manage it as a National Park. Inspiration was taken from the emergent U.S. National Park system and the campaign was framed in terms of how expanding expectations of the state might deliver justice for Ireland, particularly in the context of the over-taxation and Home Rule controversies. Attention is also paid to the National Trust’s engagement with the question. The controversy is contextualised through a discussion of the valorisation of the Lakes of the Killarney over the course of the nineteenth century and the story is taken into the twentieth century by considering independent Ireland’s struggle to maintain the site as a National Park.
Towards an Environmental History of Nineteenth-Century Dublin
Authors: Adelman Juliana
Published: May 2020

This chapter argues that nonhuman factors, including features of the landscape and animals, played an important role in shaping nineteenth-century Dublin. In the first section the chapter shows that the socio-economic gradient of the city was determined partly by human factors such as estate management and railway development and partly by landscape features such as Dublin’s rivers. The second section focuses on the role of animal businesses such as markets and slaughterhouses. I argue that the direction of urban modernization reflected economic and cultural dependence on certain types of animals. Despite new ideas in public health and new technologies of transport, animals remained in the city because Dublin’s economy and society depended upon them. The final sections reflect upon how environmental history approaches might help us to frame new understandings of Dublin.
Seumas O’Sullivan and Revivalist Nature Poetry
Authors: Hewitt Seán
Published: May 2020

The Irish Revival was, amongst other things, an attempt to ‘re-enchant’ the Irish natural world as both a protest against Anglicisation and Enlightenment values. Through a study of the poetry of a lesser-known Revivalist poet, Seumas O’Sullivan, who was a keen natural historian, and thus engaged with the popular discourses and practices of natural science in the period, this chapter discusses Revivalist nature poetry as a form of ‘re-enchantment’. In doing so, it also considers how engagement with natural history in the period effected a shift in the poetic relationship to materiality, considering the movement between Celtic Revival poetry and later Revivalist work in term of a closer attention to the physical world.
Introduction: Walter Besant Now
Authors: Morrison Kevin A.
Published: May 2020

In the 1880s and 1890s Walter Besant was one of Britain’s most lionized living novelists. Today he is one of the least read Victorian fiction writers of comparable standing. In addition to outlining the contents of this volume, the introduction provides an overview of Besant’s life and career.
‘I have altered nothing’
Authors: Bachman Maria K. , Cox Don Richard
Published: May 2020

After Walter Besant completed Wilkie Collins’s unfinished novel, Blind Love (with Collins’s authorization and elaborately detailed instructions), Besant emphatically declared that he had “altered nothing” in the final version. A comparison of the published novel with Collins’s notebook, however, reveals that Besant’s declaration was somewhat disingenuous. In addition to making several significant alternations to Collins’s original plot, the more conservative Besant incorporated both anti-Irish and anti-feminist themes, thus undercutting the more socially progressive narrative originally intended by the deceased author.
From Happy Individuals to Universal Sisterhood
Authors: Cheng Vicky , Kim Haejoo
Published: May 2020

This essay traces the shifting frameworks of affective reform proposed by Walter Besant in two of his novels about the East End, All Sorts and Conditions of Men (1882) and Children of Gibeon (1886). While the cultivation of individual happiness based on bourgeois domesticity offers a strategy for reorienting working-class values in the former novel, the latter promotes a pursuit of communitarian values rooted in universal sisterhood, which supersedes familial bonds and class distinctions. Reading these two novels in conversation with each other reveals a narrative critique of rights-based individualism along the lines of revisionist liberal thought, and redirects affective attention toward fostering kinship associations for communal mutuality.
Kinship Across the Black Atlantic
Authors: Adair Gigi
Published: May 2020

This book considers the meaning of kinship across black Atlantic diasporas in the Caribbean, Western Europe and North America via readings of six contemporary novels. It draws upon and combines insights from postcolonial studies, queer theory and black Atlantic diaspora studies in novel ways to examine the ways in which contemporary writers engage with the legacy of anthropological discourses of kinship, interrogate the connections between kinship and historiography, and imagine new forms of diasporic relationality and subjectivity. The novels considered here offer sustained meditations on the meaning of kinship and its role in diasporic cultures and communities; they represent diasporic kinship in the context and crosscurrents of both historical and contemporary forces, such as slavery, colonialism, migration, political struggles and artistic creation. They show how displacement and migration require and generate new forms and understandings of kinship, and how kinship may be used as an instrument of both political oppression and resistance. Finally, they demonstrate the importance of literature in imagining possibilities for alternative forms of relationality and in finding a language to express the meaning of those relations. This book thus suggests that an analysis of discourses and practices of kinship is essential to understanding diasporic modernity at the turn of the twenty-first century.
Introduction: Diasporic kinship across the black Atlantic
Authors: Adair Gigi
Published: May 2020

The introduction sets out the field of critical kinship studies and its relation to diaspora studies, black Atlantic studies and queer studies. It offers an overview of relevant works of diaspora and black Atlantic studies and queer studies, and how these fields are brought together in theorizations of queer diaspora. It then turns to the question of how to do critical kinship studies to suggest a double-pronged approach to the study of kinship. The study of kinship is both particularly interesting and particularly complex in postcolonial contexts, as kinship can be used both as a tool of colonial power and a means of anticolonial resistance, and the novels studied in this book suggest that kinship often does both.
‘As constricting as the corset they bind me in to keep me a lady’: colonial historiography in Andrea Levy’s The Long Song
Authors: Adair Gigi
Published: May 2020

This chapter shows how that Levy’s neo-slave narrative demonstrates both the potential for fiction to overcome the gaps in colonial archives and the limits of a postcolonial rewriting strategy that remains modelled on colonial historiography. The novel dramatizes the editorial process involved in both forms of historiography; it makes visible the exclusions and omissions required in order to craft a history which will be understood and accepted as properly historical – and the way in which this process also demands certain norms of kinship: linear, genealogical and based on the nuclear family. Likewise, the novel suggests that conservative, constraining gender norms, particularly for black diasporic women, are the necessary cost of cultural intelligibility, ‘respectability’ and the promise of historicity. Thus while Levy’s novel makes clear the price of this rewriting and becoming historical, it remains unclear whether another mode of postcolonial rewriting of history – one which does not measure itself against colonial historiography – is possible.
Queer creolization in Patrick Chamoiseau’s Texaco
Authors: Adair Gigi
Published: May 2020

This chapter argues that Chamoiseau’s sidestepping of the logic of biological kinship and genealogical lineage works to subvert the repeated invocation of Martinique’s ties to the “motherland,” France, thus enabling the diasporic and dialogic subjectivities of creolité. The novel offers a history of diasporic community formation on Martinique which questions and finally resists the demand for filiation, just as it does without the trope of motherhood. This reading of Chamoiseau’s novel also allows for a reconsideration of debates over creolization and Édouard Glissant’s notion of relationality, both of which have received renewed and increased attention, including in the anglosphere, in recent years. In order to make creolization useful for a queer postcolonial and diasporic critique, I argue that creolization must also be understood as a displacement from normative, national kinship, and that this then feeds back into recent debates on creolization as a global process, not one restricted to the Caribbean.
Work–Family Reconciliation Policy in France
Authors: Windebank Jan
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the history of French work-family reconciliation policies from the 1970s until the present day. It considers the extent to which the development of these policies does and does not link to second wave feminist ideas about women’s domestic labour that emerged in the 1970s. It argues that while in Scandinavian countries, for example, debates and policies addressing work-family reconciliation debates considered men’s roles in the home as well as women’s employment, in France men’s roles were not addressed. This has meant that while French women today are well integrated into the labour force, and have used a variety of resources available to them to free themselves from domestic and caring responsibilities, men’s role in the family has changed very little in comparison with women’s role in the workforce.
Voix Blanche?
Authors: Thomas Lyn
Published: May 2020

One of the most important ‘nouvelle vérités’ that has challenged 1970s feminisms in the Anglophone world is intersectionality, and particularly the need to address race and ethnicity as constantly interacting with gender, sexuality, class and other variables; This chapter provides some general reflections on the extent to which a similar crisis and trajectory are present in French feminist histories and narratives, but its main focus is a case-study of Annie Ernaux’s work in this regard, considering questions that have rarely been asked in Ernaux criticism to date: to what extent does Ernaux engage with race and ethnicity as well as class and gender in her writing? If she is an unusually intersectional writer in terms of gender, sexuality and class, and in more recent years one might add age and ageing, does this approach and the strong influence of sociology on Ernaux’s writing lead to awareness of dimensions of oppression that she herself as a white French woman has not personally experienced? How does Ernaux write her own whiteness? Is the ‘I’ of Ernaux’s texts, whether fictional or autobiographical, ‘unevoix blanche’, adopting the cloak of universal whiteness?
Third Wave Collective Manifestos
Authors: Schaal Michèle A.
Published: May 2020

37 years after Les Femmes s’entêtent, the Féministesen movement published Maisqu’est-cequ’ellesveulent encore?, thus reprising and expanding the secondary title of the original anthology. The 2012 manifesto—published shortly before the presidential election—charted contemporary discriminations in France and proposed a series of measures to be implemented by the next government, illustrating how, since the 1990s, a third wave of French feminism has emerged. In particular, the new millennium produced a plethora of individual and collective (anti)feminist manifestos by a younger generation of women, ranging from Isabelle Alonso’s Pourquoi je suischienne de garde (2001) to FEMEN (2013), the Ukrainian organization now in Paris. Considering the themes from Les Femmes s’entêtent, this chapter focuses on a series of collective feminist manifestos in order to ask: what are the contemporary “encirclements”? What solutions do third wavers offer to break those circles? What are their “désirs-délires”?
Humour in Contemporary France
Authors: Ervine Jonathan
Published: May 2020

This timely study sheds new light on debates about humour and multiculturalism in France, and is the first monograph about multiculturalism and humour in France to be published in either English or French that analyses both debates about Charlie Hebdo and stand-up comedy. It will examine humour, freedom of expression and social cohesion in France at a crucial time in France’s recent history following the Charlie Hebdo attacks of January 2015. It will evaluate the state of French society and attitudes to humour in France in the aftermath of the events of January 2015. This book will argue that debates surrounding Charlie Hebdo, although significant, only provide part of the picture when it comes to understanding humour and multiculturalism in France. This monograph will fill significant gaps in French and international media coverage and academic writing, which has generally failed to adequately examine the broader picture that emerges when one examines career trajectories of notable contemporary French comedians. By addressing this failing, this book provides a more complete picture of humour, multiculturalism and Republican values in France. By focusing primarily on contemporary comedians in France, this book will explore competing uses of French Republican discourse in debates about humour, offensiveness and freedom of expression. Ultimately, this work will argue that studying humour and multiculturalism in France in often reveals a sense of national unease within the Republic at a time of considerable turmoil.
Islam and humour: more than just a debate about cartoons
Authors: Ervine Jonathan
Published: May 2020

This chapter will build on Chapter Three’s focus on comedians whose material that draws on their ethnic or racial origins by focusing on French comedians who draw on their Muslim roots when performing. This will demonstrate that that it is important to acknowledge that debates about Islam and humour need to go well beyond discussing cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad. The presence of a growing number of comedians in France who evoke their Muslim roots challenges the perceived incompatibility of Islam and humour that is often evoked in debates about depictions of the Prophet. It will be shown that comedy is allowing Muslims in France, and elsewhere, to increasingly become tellers of jokes rather than merely the subject of jokes.
Warhammer 40,000
Authors: Carbonell Curtis D.
Published: May 2020

Games Workshop’s Warhammer 40,000 (40k) intellectual property is a tabletop war game, but it also has developed a complex narrative that describes the imaginary realized world in which the game is played. This chapter examines key elements within this ‘lore’ as an example of how a cohesive realized world emerges. It focuses on a seminal ‘origins’ event, the Horus Heresy, that occurred roughly ten-thousand years prior to the current game setting’s timeline. It examines how key moments, such as the defeat of Horus and the wounding of the Emperor began as brief comments in sourcebooks but, through the work of authors within its shared universe, expanded into detailed narratives. It also focuses on a few other key moments, such as those detailed in the Beast Arises series and the Gathering Storm storyline.
From Vidocq to the Locked Room
Authors: Knight Stephen
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides an in-depth history of the international development of the crime genre prior to the twentieth century. The chapter traces the emergence of a transnational genre from the 1700s through legal narratives and Romantic preoccupations and aesthetics in France, Germany, England, the United States, the Scandinavian countries and Australia. While crime fiction scholars have traditionally maintained that the genre emerged in Britain and America, this chapter places doubt on the supposed centrality of the genre’s British and American genealogy. By examining the genre’s early transnational mobility, the chapter challenges the dominant perception that the genre’s transnationality is a consequence of twentieth- and twenty-first-century globalization and, as such, that it is largely a contemporary phenomenon.
‘Communists’, the IRA and the Northern Ireland Crisis
Authors: Mulqueen John
Published: May 2020

At the beginning of the 1960s, the Soviet Union decided to support national liberation movements to undermine the US and its allies worldwide. Concurrently, the IRA leadership began to emphasise socialism and co-operate with communists in various agitations – the most significant would be the Northern Ireland civil rights movement. This chapter discusses perceptions of the republican movement’s ‘new departure’. William Craig, the Northern Ireland minister of home affairs, contended that the communist-influenced IRA aimed to manipulate the civil rights issue as a prelude to another armed campaign. In 1969 Northern Ireland’s prime minister, Major James Chichester-Clark, warned that some civil rights protesters aimed to create an ‘Irish Cuba’. The civil rights campaign inadvertently worsened sectarian tensions in Northern Ireland, leading to the outbreak of the Troubles.
A ‘Near-Communist’ Movement
Authors: Mulqueen John
Published: May 2020

The third chapter examines perceptions of the Irish revolutionary left following the outbreak of what became known as the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Unrest in Northern Ireland raised the question of Irish revolutionaries again seeking Kremlin assistance, as KGB ‘special actions’ through proxy organisations had been a tool of Soviet foreign policy. London, at times, had a Cold War understanding in relation to developments in Ireland. And so did the US embassy in Dublin, because White House fears in relation to any threat posed by communism were fuelled by widespread opposition in the West to America’s war in Vietnam. This chapter looks at the geo-political dimension to the northern crisis as it was raised at the United Nations (UN) and the Soviets began to take a greater interest in developments in Ireland. Sectarian violence in Northern Ireland led to a split in the republican movement and the emergence of the leftist Official IRA.
Introduction
Authors: Hingston Kylee-Anne
Published: May 2020

Prompted by Victorians’ frequent conflation of body and text, the introduction argues that Victorian fiction’s narrative form, specifically plot structure and focalization, contributed to the development of disability as a concept; in particular, as fiction’s form developed from the massive hybrid novels of the early decades of the nineteenth century to the case-study length of fin-de-siècle mysteries, disability became increasingly medicalized, moving from the position of spectacle to specimen. The chapter addresses focalization’s evocation of the perceiving body, linking focalization to theories of staring and the specular in disability studies, and it provides a history of scholarship on Victorian illness and disability, thus placing the book’s argument in the fields of narratology, disability studies, and Victorian studies.
Sanctified Bodies: Christian Theology and Disability in Ellice Hopkins’s Rose Turquand and Charlotte Yonge’s The Pillars of the House
Authors: Hingston Kylee-Anne
Published: May 2020

Comparing Ellice Hopkins’s Rose Turquand (1876) to Charlotte Yonge’s The Pillars of The House, or Underwode, Under Rode (1870–73), this chapter outlines how religion, form, and focalization interact in mid-Victorian Christian sentimental fiction to create discernible concepts of disability as corporealizing spirituality. Specifically, each author’s respective incarnational theology (the theology of Christ in human form) correlate substantially to the novels’ overarching narrative forms, Hopkins’s as a single-focus plot and Yonge’s as a multiple-focus plot. As a single-focus Bildungsroman that focalizes primarily through its heroine, Rose Turquand delineates spirituality and disability as individually experienced, depicting incarnation as the sanctification of the individual body through suffering. In contrast, The Pillars of the House’s multiple-focus family chronicle formulates religion and disability as communally experienced through interdependency as the locus for spiritual growth, reflecting Yonge’s Tractarian understanding of incarnation as existing through the Church as a community.
Afterword
Authors: Hingston Kylee-Anne
Published: May 2020

This afterword reminds readers of how thoroughly Victorians conflated body and text in their literary and medical rhetoric, using Robert Buchanan’s The Fleshly School of Poetry as an example. Additionally, it reiterates the mutability of the Victorians’ understanding of the human body’s centrality to identity, noting that as disability became increasingly medicalized and the soul increasingly psychologized, the mode of looking at deviant bodies shifted from gaping at spectacle to scrutinizing specimen, and the shape of narratives evolved from lengthy multiple-plot novels to slim case studies. However, Victorian fiction narratives consistently remained ambivalent when categorizing disability, aligning it with both abnormality and the commonplace.
Transitions
Authors: Knox W.W.J. , McKinlay A.
Published: May 2020

Chapter five focusses mainly on two events: the rectorial campaign of 1971 and the general election of 1974. Because of his leadership of the UCS work-in, Reid became the poster boy of the CPGB, the human face of British communism. He was probably the only communist that most people in Britain had ever heard of. Recognition came with his installation as Rector of Glasgow University in late 1971. As part of the process the Rector gave an Address. Reid chose the subject of alienation and his speech not only electrified the audience but reverberated round the world. Although publicly popular doubts were beginning to surface regarding his membership of the CPGB. The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 played a part but a much more important event we argue was the general election of 1974. Reid stood as candidate for Central Dunbartonshire which had at its heart Clydebank – the centre of shipbuilding in Scotland. Although considered a shoo-in by the press Reid was defeated by the Labour candidate in the first and the second elections of 1974. He was the victim of a largely sectarian campaign run by the Labour party, but it was clear that he would never be elected as a communist. We now are reaching the moment of the unmaking of a communist.
Introduction
Authors: Mansfield Nick
Published: May 2020

In common with its companion volume - Soldiers as Workers – Class, employment, conflict and the nineteenth century military (2016), this study argues that class is the primary means of understanding the topic. Focusing on rank and file soldiers it concludes that they were not a separate caste. Instead, soldiering was often just a phase in civilian working lives.
The nineteenth century was overshadowed by the mass mobilisation required for the generation-long French Wars and concurrent Industrial Revolution, with emerging working-class popular politics. The chapter reviews developing working class literacy and subsequent growth of rank and file memoirs, which are an important source for this study. The chapter stresses the importance of the new barrack system in the UK and the growth of British Empire, both of which had profound consequences for British society.
Text
Authors: Shipley Graham
Published: May 2020

This section of the book contains the ancient Greek text of the Periplous. Where there are lacuna in the manuscript is indicated. The text describes place and people encountered on a coastal journey. It also states journey times and measurements (stades), along with notable features of geography and communities. Pseudo-Skylax divides his text between the three continents—Europe, Asia and Libyē—marking the end of each with a summative sailing distance. With its relatively limited vocabulary and simple, yet varied, syntax, it will provide a useful text for those moving beyond the elementary study of ancient Greek language.
Johnson, T. S. Eliot, and the City
Authors: New Melvyn
Published: May 2020

In “Johnson, T. S. Eliot, and the City,” Melvyn New reexamines Johnson’s relationship to Modernism by discussing the shared experience of two young writers adjusting to life in the city, an adjustment worked out respectively in Johnson’s London and Eliot’s Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The essay argues that Christianity plays a more important role in their poems than the label Modernism might otherwise suggest. For both poets, the city represents science, progress, and Enlightenment, but equally the delusions of pride and perfection that tie both poems to Paradise Lost and the Fall in the Garden. New concludes that Johnson and Eliot shared a Modernism that looked backward in despair over an ever-receding sea of religious faith and ahead in equal despair over the Enlightenment secular faith that was replacing it.
Johnson Goes to War
Authors: Lynch Jack
Published: May 2020

Jack Lynch’s “Johnson Goes to War” observes that literary histories conventionally link the rise of literary modernism to the collective physical and psychological trauma inflicted by the war of 1914-18. Lynch observes that when we think of Great War literature, we include writers who wrote during the war, like Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen; those who reflected on it shortly afterward, such as Ford Madox Ford and Erich Maria Remarque, and those who said little about the war itself but whose sensibilities were shaped by what happened there, a category that contains nearly all the writers usually grouped under High Modernism. But Johnson was there too and played a series of important roles. These include how he sometimes served as a reassuring reminder of the civilized world to which the country hoped to return, while others viewed him as a harsh critic of war and empire. If Johnson influenced thinking about the war, thinking about the war also influenced Johnson. It was the year after the end of the Second World War that the Great Cham became Johnson Agonistes, but that was the culmination of a process of rethinking literary icons in general and, Johnson and particular, that began in Flanders Fields.
Bayesian Approach for Determining Microlens System Properties with High-angular-resolution Follow-up Imaging
Authors: Koshimoto Naoki , Bennett David P. , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: May 2020

We present the details of the Bayesian analysis of the planetary microlensing event MOA-2016-BLG-227, whose excess flux is likely due to a source/lens companion or an unrelated ambient star, as well as of the assumed prior distributions. Furthermore, we apply this method to four reported planetary events, MOA-2008-BLG-310, MOA-2011-BLG-293, OGLE-2012-BLG-0527, and OGLE-2012-BLG-0950, where adaptive optics observations have detected excess flux at the source star positions. For events with small angular Einstein radii, our lens mass estimates are more uncertain than those of previous analyses, which assumed that the excess was due to the lens. Our predictions for MOA-2008-BLG-310 and OGLE-2012-BLG-0950 are consistent with recent results on these events obtained via Keck and Hubble Space Telescope observations when the source star is resolvable from the lens star. For events with small angular Einstein radii, we find that it is generally difficult to conclude whether the excess flux comes from the host star. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the lens star by measuring its proper motion relative to the source star to determine whether the excess flux comes from the lens star. Even without such measurements, our method can be used to statistically test the dependence of the planet-hosting probability on the stellar mass.
Photometry as a Proxy for Stellar Activity in Radial Velocity Analyses
Authors: Kosiarek Molly R. , Crossfield Ian J. M.
Published: May 2020

Stellar activity remains a limiting factor in measuring precise planet parameters from radial velocity spectroscopy, not least in the search for Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars. One approach to mitigate stellar activity is to use combined analyses of both radial velocity and time-series photometry. We present an analysis of simultaneous disk-integrated photometry and radial velocity data of the Sun in order to determine the useful limits of a combined analysis. We find that simple periodogram or autocorrelation analysis of solar photometry give the correct rotation period <50% of the time. We therefore use a Gaussian process to investigate the time variability of solar photometry and to directly compare simultaneous photometry with radial velocity data. We find that the hyperparameter posteriors are relatively stable over 70 yr of solar photometry and the amplitude tracks the solar cycle. We observe good agreement between the hyperparameter posteriors for the simultaneous photometry and radial velocity data. Our primary conclusion is a recommendation to include an additional prior in Gaussian process fits to constrain the evolutionary timescale to be greater than the recurrence timescale (i.e., the rotation period) to recover more physically plausible and useful results. Our results indicate that such simultaneous monitoring may be a useful tool in enhancing the precision of radial velocity surveys.
Tidal Deformations of Hybrid Stars with Sharp Phase Transitions and Elastic Crusts
Authors: Pereira Jonas P. , Bejger Michał , Andersson Nils , Gittins Fabian
Published: May 2020

Gravitational wave astronomy is expected to provide independent constraints on neutron-star properties, such as their equation of state. This is possible with the measurements of binary components’ tidal deformability, which alter the point-particle gravitational waveforms of neutron-star binaries. Here, we provide a first study of the tidal deformability effects due to the elasticity/solidity of the crust (hadronic phase) in a hybrid neutron star, as well as the influence of a quark-hadronic phase density jump on tidal deformations. We employ the framework of non-radial perturbations with zero frequency and study hadronic phases presenting elastic aspects when perturbed (with the shear modulus approximately 1% of the pressure). We find that the relative tidal deformation change in a hybrid star with a perfect-fluid quark phase and a hadronic phase presenting an elastic part is never larger than about 2%–4% (with respect to a perfect-fluid counterpart). These maximum changes occur when the elastic region of a hybrid star is larger than approximately 60% of the star’s radius, which may happen when its quark phase is small and the density jump is large enough, or even when a hybrid star has an elastic mixed phase. For other cases, tidal deformation changes due to an elastic crust are negligible (

) and, therefore, unlikely to be measured even with third generation detectors. Thus, only when the size of the elastic hadronic region of a hybrid star is over half of its radius, could the effects of elasticity have a noticeable impact on tidal deformations.
The Variability of Star Formation Rate in Galaxies. II. Power Spectrum Distribution on the Main Sequence
Authors: Wang Enci , Lilly Simon J.
Published: May 2020

We constrain the temporal power spectrum of the specific star formation rate of star-forming galaxies, using a well-defined sample of main sequence galaxies from MaNGA and our earlier measurements of the ratio of the star formation rate averaged within the last 5 Myr to that averaged over the last 800 Myr. We explore the assumptions of stationarity and ergodicity that are implicit in this approach. We assume a single power-law form of the power spectrum distribution (PSD) but introduce an additional free parameter, the “intrinsic scatter”, to try to account for any non-ergodicity introduced from various sources. We analyze both an “integrated” sample consisting of global measurements of all of the galaxies, as well as 25 subsamples obtained by considering five radial regions and five bins of integrated stellar mass. Assuming that any intrinsic scatter is not the dominant contribution to the main sequence dispersion of galaxies, we find that the PSDs have slopes between 1.0 and 2.0, indicating that the power (per log interval of frequency) is mostly contributed by longer-timescale variations. We find a correlation between the returned PSDs and the inferred gas depletion times (

) obtained from application of the extended Schmidt Law, such that regions with shorter gas depletion times show larger integrated power and flatter PSD. Intriguingly, it is found that shifting the PSDs by the inferred

causes all 25 PSDs to closely overlap, at least in the region where the PSD is best constrained and least affected by uncertainties about any intrinsic scatter. A possible explanation for these results is the dynamical response of the gas-regulator system of Lilly et al. to a uniform time-varying inflow, as previously proposed in Wang et al.
A Possible Transit of a Disintegrating Exoplanet in the Nearby Multiplanet System DMPP-1
Authors: Jones Mark H. , Haswell Carole A. , Barnes John R. , Staab Daniel , Heller René
Published: May 2020

We analyze TESS photometry of DMPP-1 (HD 38677; TIC 66560666), a nearby F8V star hosting hot super-Earth planets and a warm Neptune. Using the Transit Least Squares algorithm and other methods we find a transit signal at

days with depth

ppm and false alarm probability 1.6%. This is shallower than hitherto published TESS discoveries. The 3.285 day signal is recovered for several, but not all, methods for detrending stellar astrophysical variability. Further observations are needed to improve the significance of the detection. If this transit were due to an Earth-like rocky planet it would have been detected in the RV data, but it is not. The TESS data cover seven individual transits, one of which is consistent with zero depth. The insolation of the putative planet is 990 S
⊕, typical of fluxes experienced by the three known catastrophically disintegrating exoplanets (CDEs). The transits can be self-consistently attributed to a CDE with a mass below the RV detection threshold. We searched for transits of the known RV planets, finding null results and detection thresholds of <100 ppm, which we quantify for each. The DMPP-1 planetary system was discovered as a consequence of circumstellar gas attributed to ablation of hot planets. The RV planets may have been ablated to near-pure iron cores. We place limits on the orbital inclinations of the RV planets where the expected transit depth exceeds the detection threshold. If the 3.2854 day transit detection is confirmed, e.g., with CHEOPS photometry, DMPP-1 would be a first-rate target for James Webb Space Telescope spectroscopy.
Merging Black Holes in the Low-mass and High-mass Gaps from 2 + 2 Quadruple Systems
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: May 2020

The origin of the black hole (BH) binary mergers observed by LIGO-Virgo is still uncertain, as are the boundaries of the stellar BH mass function. Stellar evolution models predict a dearth of BHs both at masses ≳50

and ≲5

, thus leaving low- and high-mass gaps in the BH mass function. A natural way to form BHs of these masses is through mergers of neutron stars (NSs; for the low-mass gap) or lower-mass BHs (for the high-mass gap); the low- or high-mass-gap BH produced as a merger product can then be detected by LIGO-Virgo if it merges again with a new companion. We show that the evolution of a 2 + 2 quadruple system can naturally lead to BH mergers with component masses in the low- or high-mass gaps. In our scenario, the BH in the mass gap originates from the merger of two NSs, or two BHs, in one of the two binaries and the merger product is imparted a recoil kick (from anisotropic gravitational wave emission), which triggers its interaction with the other binary component of the quadruple system. The outcome of this three-body interaction is usually a new eccentric compact binary containing the BH in the mass gap, which can then merge again. The merger rate is ∼10−7–10−2 Gpc−3 yr−1 and ∼10−3–10−2 Gpc−3 yr−1 for BHs in the low-mass and high-mass gap, respectively. As the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors improves, tighter constraints will soon be placed on the stellar BH mass function.
A Flexible Skewed Link Model for Ordinal Outcomes: An Application to Infertility
Authors: Chehrazi Mohammad , Saadat Seyed Hassan , Hajiahmadi Mahmoud , Spiroski Mirko
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: An important issue in modeling categorical response data is the choice of the links. The commonly used complementary log-log link is inclined to link misspecification due to its positive and fixed skewness parameter.
AIM: The objective of this paper is to introduce a flexible skewed link function for modeling ordinal data with some covariates.
METHODS: We introduce a flexible skewed link model for the cumulative ordinal regression model based on Chen model.
RESULTS: The main advantage suggested by the proposed links is the skewed link provide much more identifiable than the existing skewed links. The propriety of posterior distributions under proper and improper priors is explored in detail. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for sampling from the posterior distribution.
CONCLUSION: The proposed methodology is motivated and illustrated by ovary hyperstimulation syndrome data.
Marine gastropods of Accra Beach, Barbados, North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: das Chagas Rafael Anaisce , da Silva Rosana Esther Oliveira , Freire Cibele Cristina Oeiras , Barros Mara Rúbia Ferreira , Dos Santos Wagner César Rosa , dos Santos Weverton John Pinheiro , Herrmann Marko
Published: May 2020

The widespread occurrence of marine gastropods in coastal regions is a straightforward evidence of successful adaptation to different environments. In the Caribbean Sea, as one of Conservation International’s biodiversity hotspots, little is known about the gastropod fauna, especially in the Eastern Caribbean. The present study contributed to bridge this gap by studying the biodiversity of gastropods from Accra Beach, Barbados. Throughout random collections in September 2015, we collected 321 gastropods, comprising eight species, distributed in three families (Neritidae: Nerita tessellata, N. fulgurans, N. versicolor and N. peloronta; Littorinidae: Echinolittorina ziczac, E. angustior and E. tuberculata; and Muricidae: Plicopurpura patula). Nerites were more abundant and diverse, highlighting N. tessellata, representing 66% of the sampled gastropods. This paper also reports the first record of N. fulgurans and E. angustior for the island of Barbados.
New and little known Isotomidae (Collembola) from the shore of Lake Baikal and saline lakes of continental Asia
Authors: Potapov Mikhail , Huang Cheng-Wang , Gulgenova Ayuna , Luan Yun-Xia
Published: May 2020

Collembola of the family Isotomidae from the shores of Lake Baikal and from six saline lake catenas of the Buryat Republic (Russia) and Inner Mongolia Province (China) were studied.Pseudanurophorus barathrumPotapov & Gulgenova,sp. nov.andParisotoma baicalicaPotapov & Gulgenova,sp. nov.from Baikal andEphemerotoma buryaticaPotapov, Huang & Gulgenova,sp. nov.andFolsomia mongolicaHuang & Potapov,sp. nov.from saline lakes are described here. A morphological description of epitokous males ofScutisotoma acorrelataPotapov, Babenko & Fjellberg, 2006 is given. A list of 23 species of the family Isotomidae found in the shores of studied lakes is provided based on literature sources and newly collected material.
A new genus of Languriinae from Mexico (Coleoptera, Erotylidae), with comments on the potential mimic phenomenon of some languriines
Authors: Huang Zheng-Zhong , Yang Xing-Ke , Ge Si-Qin
Published: May 2020

A new genus of Languriinae, Tomolanguria Huang, gen. nov. is erected for a single species, Languria aculeata Gorham, 1887 from Mexico. It is similar to the Neotropical genus Languria Latreille, 1802. The differential diagnosis of this new genus is based on the structural features of the elytral apices and slight impressions present on each elytron. Languria aculeata is designated as the type species of the new genus. This species is redescribed and illustrated (all the three specimens examined are shown in the dorsal, ventral, and lateral views). Finally, a mimic relationship between this new genus and genus Paederus Fabricius, 1775 (Staphylinidae) is discussed.
Grief and the Psychological Transition Process Among Information Technology Team Members
Authors: Larry Letitia
Published: May 2020

Information technology (IT) employees are responsible for planning, implementing, and supporting new solutions and services in support of enterprise shifts to accommodate new methods and modes of doing business and/or providing products, solutions, and services to internal users, external customers, and partners. But IT workers do not always have a say or input into the choices made by leadership and business managers as it applies to new technologies. This can lead to rework and failure upon initial deployment. In addition, change without inclusion of those responsible may have a negative impact on IT staff and the outcome of the overall change effort. In this chapter, the author explores the experience of personal transition and the impact of organizational change on those responsible, IT workers.
Big Data Adoption
Authors: Gangwar Hemlata
Published: May 2020

This study inspects how big data is comprehended by IT experts and the difficulties that they have in respect to the reception of big data examination. The study also looks into the contributing factors of big data adoption within the manufacturing and services sectors in India. The data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and relevant hypotheses were derived and tested by SEM analysis. The findings revealed that relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, organizational size, top management support, competitive pressure, vendor support, data management, and data privacy are the factors that are important for both industries. Through a comparison of the industries, statistically significant differences between the service and the manufacturing sectors were found; in other words, it has been noted that the relative importance of all factors for big data adoption differs between the industries, with the only exception being its complexity – it was found to be insignificant for the manufacturing sector.