bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kimyada Kavram Çiftlerine İlişkin İki-Aşamalı Kavram Tanı Testinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: VAROĞLU Lütfiye , ŞEN Şenol , Yilmaz Ayhan
Published: June 2020

Çalışmada, periyodik tablo konusu için önem arz eden ve konu ile ilişkili metal-ametal, asit-baz, iyonik-kovalent, proton sayısı-elektron sayısı ve anyon-katyon kavram çiftlerine ilişkin ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin kavramsal anlamalarını belirlemek için iki aşamalı kavram testi geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya yaşları 13 ile 17 arasında değişen, 334 ortaöğretim öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışmada iki aşamadan oluşan 30 soruluk Kimya Kavram Tanı Testi (KKTT) kullanılmıştır. KKTT’nin kapsam ve görünüş geçerliği için uzman görüşü alınmıştır. Testin toplam puanlarına göre alt %27 ve üst %27’lik gruplar belirlenmiştir. Madde analizleri yapılarak madde güçlük ve madde ayırıcılık indeksleri tespit edilmiş ve 13 soru testten çıkarıldıktan sonra kapsam geçerliliği için tekrar uzman görüşü alınmıştır. Testin güvenirlik analizleri için istatistiksel analizler yapılarak, 17 soruluk testin ilk aşaması için güvenirlik katsayısı .857, birinci ve ikinci aşaması için .908 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Zeka Oyunları Dersine Dair Görüşleri
Authors: YILMAZ Şule , YILDIZ İKİKARDEŞ Nazlı
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, 2012 yılı itibari ile öğretim programında seçmeli bir ders olarak yer alan Zekâ Oyunları dersine yönelik öğretmenlerin düşüncelerinin belirlenmesi ve bu derse ilişkin önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın modeli, nitel ve nicel araştırmanın birlikte yer aldığı karma desendir. Bu araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında, Balıkesir’deki ortaokullarda görev yapan 52 öğretmen ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada öncelikle öğretmenlere “Seçmeli Zekâ Oyunları Dersine Yönelik Öğretmen Görüşleri” anketi uygulanmış, elde edilen veriler SPSS 18.0 istatistik paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümünde ise dersin işlenişiyle ilgili sorunları ve öğretmenlerin çözüm önerilerini sunmak amacıyla ile öğretmenlerle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler, anketin uygulandığı öğretmenlerin arasından gönüllülük esasına göre belirlenen, 6 öğretmene uygulanmış, veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçta, öğretmenlerin bu dersin öğretim programının kazanımlarına, içeriğine, sürecine ve değerlendirilmesine ilişkin görüşlerinin öğrenim durumu, mesleki kıdem, branş ve cinsiyet değişkenleri bakımından hiçbir şekilde farklılaşmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca dersin işlenişine dair problemler belirlenmiş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
The Effect of a Developed Sun-Earth-Moon Model on the Academic Achievement of Pre-service Science Teachers
Authors: DÜŞKÜN İlda , ÜNAL İbrahim
Published: June 2020

This study was to composed of two parts with two main purposes. In the first part of the study the Sun-Earth-Moon Model was developed by miniaturizing from their real size and in the second part the effect of this model on the astronomy achievement of preservice science teachers was investigated. In order to examine the changes in the achievement of preservice science teachers, an Astronomy Achievement Test was developed and applied to 60 preservice science teachers as pre-test and post-test. Half of the pre-service science teachers received standard instruction that based on board-chalk-textbook. The rest of them received experimental instruction that taught by using the developed model. As a result of the research, it was seen that the experimental group which was teaching with the model had significant effects in terms of learning and understanding compared to the control group.
Çoklu Gösterimlerin Kullanıldığı Matematik Problemlerine Ait Çözümlerin Puanlayıcı Güvenirliği Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZYILDIRIM GÜMÜŞ Feride , AKIN ARIKAN Çiğdem
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, matematik eğitiminde çoklu gösterimler temelinde ele alınan dört farklı gösterim (grafik, tablo, denklem ve sözel) ile sunulan matematik problemlerinin puanlayıcı güvenirliğini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, problem çözümlerinin puanlanması sürecinde genellenebilirlik kuramı işe koşulmuş ve tümüyle çaprazlanmış desenin (oxgxp) kullanıldığı durumlarda elde edilen G ve Phi katsayılarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan matematik problemleri, açık uçlu olarak sunulmuş ve öğrenci çözümleri dereceli puanlama anahtarı kullanılarak puanlanmıştır. Çalışmaya bir devlet okulunun 8. sınıfında öğrenim gören 54 öğrenci sunulan problemleri çözerek, 5 matematik öğretmeni ise öğrenci çözümlerini puanlamak üzere puanlayıcı olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada sonucunda farklı gösterimdeki problemlerin puanlayıcı güvenirliği üzerinde etkili olduğu ve en büyük farklılığın grafik gösteriminde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
TESTOSTERONE LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC MALE PATIENTS
Authors: Mustafa Hemn , Fattah Fattah , Salih Ibrahim
Published: June 2020

Background 

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and testosterone level is a remarkable issue, given the fact that diabetes is rapidly -growing disease, the morbidity is more disabling than the diabetes itself. 

Objectives 

The aim is to study testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus in age group of 35-55 years.

Patients and Methods

In this study 100 male type 2 diabetic patients in age group of 35-55 years were assessed by testosterone and HbA1c level estimation along with other clinical variables like BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking status and types of medications.

Results

In the current study among those patients with controlled diabetes, 92.1 % had normal testosterone level as compared to 67.7% of those with uncontrolled diabetes, so there is statistically significant relationship between the control status of diabetes and testosterone level, the P-value was 0.003, while the relation of testosterone level with age of patients, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking status and types of medication were found to be not significant.

Conclusion

Uncontrolled diabetes is associated with lower testosterone level as compared to those with well-controlled status.
VITAMIN D INTOXICATION IN INFANTS WITH VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Mustafa Awat , Salih Aso
Published: June 2020

Background 

Vitamin D supplementation can lead to a rare condition of vitamin D intoxication in infants develop. Thus, its supplementation had to raise concerns because the frequency of its intoxication is increasing. 

Objectives 

The aim was to look for frequencies of vitamin D intoxication among infants who had vitamin D supplements in Sulaimani City.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional study performed on 65 infants for a period of a month from February 1st to March 1st, 2019. Inclusion criteria were infants with vitamin D supplements for at least six consecutive months and aged between eight months to two years old. The ages and gender of the infants, as well as the level of vitamin D, and the daily amount and route of vitamin D supplements, were recorded. The “IBM SPSS Statistics version 25” was used for the analysis of the data, and a P-value of (≤0.05) was considered significant.

Results

The mean±SD of age was 1.26±0.52 years (range; 8 months to 2 years), and the genders were male (29.2%) and female (70.8%) with a female to male ratio of (2.4:1). Mean±SD vitamin of D3 level (ng/mL) was 37.97 ± 14.64 (range; 6.76 to 78). There were insignificant associations between the levels of vitamin D3 with age, gender of the infants, daily supplement and the route of vitamin supplementation. No infants were found to have vitamin D intoxication. 

Conclusion

No infants had vitamin D intoxication, although they were provided with vitamin D supplements.
THE SUCCESS RATE OF VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN SECTION USING VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN SECTION SCORE
Authors: Sidiq Taban , Nasir Sallama
Published: June 2020

Background 

Increasing cesarean section (C/S) rate had been led to the creation of many models for assessing the success of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) with the aim of reducing C/S. 

Objectives 

Assessment of VBAC success by VBAC score (Flamm Model); including each of its items, maternal body weight and fetal outcomes.

Patients and Methods

This is a cross-sectional study including 106 pregnant ladies who had history of previous C/S and admitted to Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan/Iraq, during April the 1st, 2018 to April the 1st, 2019. Flamm Model [Maternal age, history of vaginal birth, reasons other than failure to progress for first C/S, cervical effacement, and cervical dilatation] scoring was used for assessment of VBAC success. The body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery, fetal and maternal outcomes were also recorded.

Results

There was significant association of Flamm Model scores with VBAC success rate {P-value “Pearson’s R Correlation (r)” = <0.001 (-0.742)}, i.e., the success rate was higher when the score was high. There were significant association of VBAC success rate with vaginal birth history, cervical effacement, cervical dilatation, fetal health, and BMI {P-value (r) = 0.047 (-0.101), <0.001 (-0.632), 0.001 (-0.329), <0.001 (0.39), and 0.001 (0.271)}, respectively. There were insignificant association between VBAC success rate with maternal age, reasons other than failure to progress for first C/S, and fetal weight {P-value (r) = 0.59 (0.053), 0.126 (0.148), and 0.21 (0.121)}.

Conclusion

Flamm Model is effective way of assessing VBAC and it can be used in our population.
ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES FOLLOWING ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA REPAIR IN CHILDREN IN SULAIMANI CITY; FREQUENCY AND RESPONSE TO ENDOSCOPIC BALLOON DILATATION
Authors: Hasan Adnan , Marif Mahdi , Sediq Rozhan
Published: June 2020

Background 

Anastomotic stricture is the main complication after surgical repair of esophageal atresia and balloon dilatations remain the treatment of choice for symptomatic esophageal strictures. 

Objectives 

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of anastomotic stricture and the efficacy and complications of esophageal balloon dilatations for symptomatic anastomotic stricture in children with esophageal atresia treated in our center.

Patients and Methods

The medical records of 28 children operated on for esophageal atresia type C (Gross) over a 6-year period were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Anastomotic stricture developed in 6 (21.4%) of the patients. They were submitted to 17 dilatation sessions. Stricture resolution occurred after a mean dilatation of 2.83 per patient (range, 1-7). Dilation was successful in 100% of patients. No complications were happened during or after the dilatation sessions. 

Conclusions

Anastomotic stricture, secondary to the surgical treatment of esophageal atresia, is a common complication in patients with esophageal atresia. Esophageal dilation with balloon dilators is an effective and very safe procedure in the management of strictures.
Eco-pharmacology: awareness and practice of drug disposal among medical students
Authors: Narasimhaiah Manjunath G. , James Aathira , Kalaburgi Riyaj A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Drugs are procured by the consumers from different sources. But most of the time it is in excess of the requirement, or not consumed completely. These unused drugs are disposed in a wrong manner which can lead to harmful effects on the environment. This study was to check the knowledge and practice by medical students.Methods: It was cross sectional observational study involving different batches of medical students by giving a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 165 participants (72 males, 93 females) from different batches of MBBS, predominantly 1st and 2nd year. Majority of them are aware of the term eco-pharmacology 70 (91%) and environmental effects 86 (06%). The most common mode of procurement is with prescription and possesses more than 50% of the expired drugs. Throwing back into the dustbin was the mode of disposal.Conclusions: There is poor knowledge of drug disposal behaviour. Sufficient training should be given to the medical students to protect the ecosystem.
Antibiotic prescribing pattern among paediatric patients attending tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Priyadharsini R. P. , Kesavan R.
Published: June 2020

Background: The usage of antibiotics among paediatric age group in India is on the higher side, that more than 60% of children in the age group 0 to 4 years received antibiotics. The higher use of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance, increased health care costs, adverse drug reaction and may complicate the treatment of infections in future. There is a continuous need to monitor the prescription of antibiotics at all health care levels to prevent antibiotic resistance.Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted in one of the pharmacies which dispenses the paediatric prescriptions in a tertiary hospital. The prescriptions used to treat infection were collected and analysed. A total of 500 prescriptions were collected and analysed.Results: The prescriptions were analysed for the WHO prescribing indicators. The average number of drugs per prescription is 1.84 with 21% of the prescriptions containing antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillin like amoxycillin, phenoxymethyl penicillin followed by cotrimoxazole and cephalosporin group of antibiotics. The antibiotics prescribed belonged to the access group of antibiotics. The percentage of the prescriptions with drugs form essential drugs list and prescribed with generic name is 65.8% and 67% respectively. There were no injections prescribed.Conclusions: The antibiotic prescribing pattern and the average drugs per prescription falls with the WHO range indicating reduced use of antibiotics and absence of polypharmacy. However, the prescription of generic drugs and the drugs from the essential drug list is less.
Effect of telmisartan on hypertensive dementia patients: an observational study
Authors: Keshri Umashanker Prasad , Ranjan Ravi , Guria Risi Tuhin , Kumar Paramveer , Rajnish Kumar , Gari Manju
Published: June 2020

Background: This was a prospective observational study done to observe the effects of telmisartan on cognitive function in hypertensive dementia patients.Methods: The study included new diagnosed hypertensive and normotensive dementia patients. Patients comprised of four groups; hypertensive dementia patients taking telmisartan (group 1), hypertensive dementia patients taking donepezil and telmisartan (group 2), normotensive dementia patients taking donepezil (group 3) and normotensive dementia patients taking drugs which does not affect memory (group 4).Cognitive function of four groups were compared to each other at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.Results: In group 1, 2 and 3 mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores has increased by 1.69, 16.81, and 13.28 percent and in group 4 there is decrease in MMSE score by 6.03 percent in 12 weeks.Conclusions: In this study we can conclude that telmisartan has dementia preventing propensity which is better than placebo but not as good as donepezil.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice about research ethics and research ethics committee among post graduate residents in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Gadhade Jyoti B. , Hiray Rajesh S. , Balaraj Mukthambika
Published: June 2020

Background: A research ethics committee (REC) is a body responsible for ensuring that medical experimentation and human research are carried out in an ethical manner in accordance with national and international law. It is mandatory that all the research projects should be approved by EC before commencement. Recently Medical council of India has introduced mandatory online research methodology module consisting of assignments followed by mandatory exam.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered, validated questionnaire was administered among PG residents of a tertiary care hospital in Pune having a functional ethics committee was conducted for 3 months. Number of correct and incorrect responses were noted and calculated in percentage.Results: Total of 125 residents were enrolled and 119 subjects responded. The response rate was 95.2%. The respondents included 59.66% clinical and 40.33% nonclinical post graduate residents. 87.39% knew the role of IEC. 95.79% said informed consent should be mandatory document. 98.31% were aware about the institutional ethics committee (IEC) in the institution. 84.87% think EC and research ethics should be taught as a mandatory PG module.Conclusions: Authors conclude that among the clinical and non-clinical postgraduates participating in study, there is acceptance of IECs and training in research ethics, while there are knowledge gaps in research ethics guidelines and composition of IEC. The updated MCI curriculum imbibes research curriculum but should focus on details about ethics in biomedical research. It can be initiated by workshop/awareness programmes compulsory for UG and PG students.
A study on patient safety with reference to medication errors at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dake Rajesh , Ramana I. Venkata
Published: June 2020

Background: The objective of this present study was to determine and evaluate the nature and types of medication errors (MEs) in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a prospective, observational study was conducted on medication errors in a tertiary care hospital, Kakinada during January 2019 to December 2019. MEs were categorized as prescription error (PE), transcription error (TE), dispensing error (DE), and administration error (AE). The case records and treatment charts were reviewed. The one-way ANOVA test for independent measures was done for statistical analysis.Results: A total of 5792 patients were included during the study period. Total numbers of MEs were n=353 (6.10%). The most common ME was TEs n=191 (54%) followed by AEs n=117 (33%). Nursing errors n=316 were more compared to doctors’ errors n=18. The one-way Anova test for independent measures was done for statistical analysis; the f-ratio value is 6.44654. The p-value is 0.004332. The result is significant at p<0.05.Conclusions: There is a need to establish effective ME reporting system to reduce its incidence and improve patient care and safety. Regular trainings and interdepartmental sharing of facts on medication errors should be done at regular intervals.
Study on antibiotic use among geriatric patients based on anatomical therapeutic classification or defined daily dose methodology and world health organization-essential medicine list access, watch and reserve concept in tertiary care hospital of South India
Authors: Senthilkumar Subash , A. Arun Raaj S. , K. Padmavathi , K. Dhanapal C. , K. Periasamy
Published: June 2020

Background: Geriatric patients are more vulnerable to infections and need special consideration on antibiotic use. Resistance to antibiotics among infectious bacteria has developed within a short span. There is a direct correlation between the consumption of antibiotics and the development of resistance. And surprisingly very few literatures were available on antibiotic consumption in geriatric population using defined daily dose (DDD) concept which paved the idea to conduct this study.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019. A total of 206 prescriptions of elderly patients were included in the study. The antibiotics were categorized by anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC) and DDD indicator/1000 inhabitants/day (DID) was used to figure out antibiotic consumption.Results: About 25.2% of patients were treated with antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. The patients received antibiotics empirically (53.8%) and without bacteriological investigation (58.73%). The overall consumption of antibiotics was 20.47 DID in which oral antibiotics was (8.5 DID) 42% and parenteral antibiotics (11.8 DID) 58%. Cephalosporins was observed to be the most consumed antibiotics (33.2%), specifically cefotaxime (14.6%) and ceftriaxone (12.6%). Moreover, 54.4% of antibiotics consumed from watch category of World Health Organisation (WHO) essential medicines list (EML) which was completely against WHO standard proportion.Conclusions: Higher consumption of cephalosporins, which falls into watch category was analysed in geriatric patients. These broad-spectrum antibiotics have high potential to develop antimicrobial resistance. A strict antibiotic policy is needed to be framed that enhance rational prescribing practices in geriatrics.
Serotonin syndrome due to duloxetine and tramadol use in an older patient
Authors: Ogundipe Olayinka A.
Published: June 2020

This case report describes a 92-year old woman presenting with acute confusion and agitation. She was initially diagnosed as having a hyperactive delirium. However, based on the presence of additional and evolving features of twitchiness, reduced coordination, palpitations and headaches, the diagnosis was re-evaluated. The clinical presentation was subsequently recognised as being that of the serotonin syndrome. In this instance, the serotonin syndrome was judged to have arisen from the concurrent use of duloxetine and tramadol. Duloxetine is an antidepressant with serotonergic properties. Tramadol is an analgesic agent with weak opiate agonist receptor effects, and also exerts reuptake inhibition of noradrenaline and serotonin. The patient’s polypharmacy was reviewed, and alongside other general supportive care measures, her symptoms and signs resolved within 48 hours. This report serves as a clinical reminder on the potential pitfalls of polypharmacy in older patients. Delirium is a common presentation in older patients, and on occasions, clearly establishing the underlying causes or risk factors may prove challenging or even elusive. The report prompts clinicians to bear in mind that the presentation and diagnosis of the serotonin syndrome requires a high index of suspicion, and that patients may present atypically. In support of pharmacovigilance reporting, two scales of causality assessment are employed in this case review. The application of these systems exemplifies their potential in promoting and enhancing objectivity when clinicians report suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) noted in routine clinical practice.
Linezolid induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Muthamil P.
Published: June 2020

Linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic active against gram-positive bacteria is used in the treatment of vancomycin resistant Enterococci and MRSA. It is generally tolerated except for the 32% chance of thrombocytopenia on long term usage of linezolid. A 25-year-old male after renal transplantation was administered linezolid for antibiotic prophylaxis. His platelet count dropped from 1,68,000 cells to 74,000 on day 2. The platelet counts further dropped to 58,000 on day 3, followed which linezolid was withdrawn. His platelet improved to 88,000 on day 5 following withdrawal of linezolid. Though we are vigilant about thrombocytopenia on long term usage of linezolid, here we report a rare case of linezolid induced thrombocytopenia within 2 days of starting the antibiotic. This necessitates the increased vigilance on linezolid usage. Platelet count needs to be monitored as early as the start of treatment with linezolid.
A case report of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis due to diclofenac sodium
Authors: Bendi Sreenivasa Rao , Suvvari Tarun Kumar
Published: June 2020

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe skin reaction most often triggered by particular drugs in most of the cases. A more severe form of the condition is called toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) which involves more than 30% of the skin surface and extensive damage to the mucous membranes. SJS and TEN previously were thought to be separate conditions, but they are now considered part of a disease spectrum. The main drugs which induce SJS were anti-gout drugs, anti-epileptics, analgesics, NSAIDs and antibiotics. Diclofenac which is a NSAID and phenyl acetic acid derivative that rarely causes SJS. Although diclofenac induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome is reported very rare among adults, it shouldn’t be neglected. In this report we mentioned about the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) which was later developed into TEN due to usage diclofenac sodium, in a 65 years old female patient.
New corona virus: is just a tip of iceberg?
Authors: Narwat Arvind , Rani Seema , Bhutani Garima , Saini Rahul , Singh Kamaldeep
Published: June 2020

The world is again experiencing a global viral epidemic of zoonotic origin. As of March 30, 785807 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 37820 deaths had been reported in more than 120 countries. Strenuous efforts are being made by various countries of the world to halt transmission through shutting down transport, quarantining entire cities and enforcing the use of face masks. International flights have been cancelled and affected cruise ships quarantined. As in all outbreaks, there is an urgent need to develop effective diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Several experimental diagnostic platforms are already in use in China and elsewhere. The whole-genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has been obtained and shared widely. Several potential treatments have been proposed, however, no antiviral treatment has been approved for the novel coronavirus, and despite two outbreaks of novel coronaviruses in the past two decades, vaccine development is still in its infancy.
Physiotherapy student’s perception of problem based learning
Authors: Dhumale Supriya
Published: June 2020

Background: Problem based learning ensures that students are actively engaged in their learning- they set their own objectives and they reinforce what they have learned through discussion with their colleagues. This approach is known to promote deep learning, in contrast to much of the superficial learning happens in traditional methods. To support their learning through engaging them in learning activities and providing feedback. Student’s ability to perform in a professional context, to recognize their need to acquire new knowledge and skills and to view learning holistically. Objective of the study was to assess the third year physiotherapy students’ perception of problem based learning sessions in musculoskeletal condition.Methods: The study was conducted on 22 students of III-year physiotherapy graduate course. Sequential arrangement of PBL sessions was implemented by triple jump assessment on osteoarthritis of knee. Post project feedback questionnaire from students obtained from self-assessment, peer assessment. The responses obtained were analyzed.Results: All the student strongly agreed that The PBL scenarios motivated them to use additional learning resources, The PBL scenarios stimulated their interest in musculoskeletal. The students also agreed that the content of the PBL scenarios fitted their level of knowledge; The PBL scenarios effectively illustrated medical concepts. All the students totally agreed that PBL sessions appeared able to assess their own strengths and weaknesses within PBL, accepted and responded to criticism gracefully. Their peers gave input which was focused and relevant to the case, they were able to communicate well with each other. Students agreed that everyone among group completed tasks on time, they were actively participated in session, they shared new relevant information with group hence they felt their peers were responsible and respected.Conclusions: Students felt that the cases effectively illustrated medical concepts and fitted and reinforced the student musculoskeletal knowledge. They were convinced that scenarios motivated them to use additional resources and stimulated their interest and they enjoyed the process.
Factors affecting the outcome of anaesthesia in surgically operated patients in two tertiary hospitals in Osun state, Nigeria
Authors: Adegoke Adeola Omobola , Salawu Rasidi A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Few patients face surgery without some degree of anxiety. The concerns and fear vary from one person to another. Some may be anxious about the pain, disfigurement, incapacity and loss of control of self or death. The study investigated factors affecting the outcome of anaesthesia in surgically operated patients in two tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria.Methods: The study adopted a retrospective study design. Case file identification numbers of patients who had surgical operations under general anaesthesia between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2019. The sample for this study consisted of 2,524 case notes purposely selected using purposive sampling technique. A checklist was developed which indicated all the variables needed from the patients case files. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage.Results: The findings of this study showed that among the comorbidity of surgical operated patients, hypertension was mostly reported while the most prevalence risk behaviour was obstructive sleep, alcoholism, smoking, delay in waking up and delirium.Conclusions: It was also concluded that there is significant effect of age and gender on some comorbidity, risk behaviour of the anaesthesia process and outcome of anaesthesia. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the anaesthesia team must kindly investigate more on the patient before the commencement of anaesthesia during surgery.
Changes in blood counts, serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and haptoglobin level in malaria infected subjects in Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria
Authors: Ibeh Nancy C. , Udeh Enyioma A. , Ajuba Clara I. , Manafa Patrick O.
Published: June 2020

Background: Malaria is a mosquito-borne public health problem which alters the blood counts, haptoglobin level and serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) activity of the infected individuals. Some of the alterations are associated risk factors in malaria pathology. This study aims at elucidating changes in blood counts, sLDH activity and haptoglobin level in malaria infected subjects seen in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nnewi, as search for associated risk factors in malaria pathology.Methods: This cross sectional study enrolled 270 age matched subjects between 18-65 years. The test group (200) who tested positive to P. falciparium was placed into two groups based on their parasite counts with cut-off of  ≥1000 parasites x 109/L. Group one (100) had counts above the cut-off and group two (100) below. The control (70) was aparasitemic. The demographic data were noted and 4mls of blood drawn. 2mls in K3EDTA was for FBC testing using Mythic 22 hematology analyzer, and remaining dispensed into plain tubes was for sLDH assay by kinetic method and haptoglobin by ELISA technique.Results: The HCT, Hb, RBC and Platelet count of test were progressively significantly lowered (p=0.001) compared to control, with an intra-significant difference among the 3 groups (p<0.05), also the parameters were found to have an inverse significant relationship (p=0.001) to the parasite counts. This trend was also seen with haptoglobin while reverse was the case with LDH activity which rather increased significantly (p = 0.000) at opposite direction as parasite density increases.Conclusions: This study show that the degree of intravascular haemolysis is directly influenced by the parasite density, this portends that high endemicity and perennial parasiteamia in the study area could cause chronic anaemia and thrombocytopenia in the population studied.
Clinical evaluation of aphrodisiac activity of a novel ayurvedic formulation for treatment of male sexual disorders
Authors: Gupta Mradu , Mondal Asim Kumar
Published: June 2020

Background: Sida cordifolia Linn. and Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. have been mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and sexual properties. After finding good results in treatment of male sexual disorders during pre-clinical studies, this clinical trial was taken up to assess the spermatogenesis action of aqueous extract of roots of these two plants.Methods: The study used qualitative criteria such as primary and secondary symptoms and quantitative investigations such as haematological investigations, hormonal analysis and semen analysis for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of research formulation through placebo controlled clinical trials on 50 males having lack of sexual desire and non-satisfactory sexual life.Results: Very high inhibition was noticed in respect of primary symptoms such as lack of libido, difficulty in ejaculation or little amount of semen, as well as secondary symptoms such as nausea, body ache, headache, indigestion, loss of appetite and general weakness in the research group. Lack of any adverse changes in haematological parameters (blood sugar, haemoglobin, ESR, RBC and WBC) and biochemical parameters (bilirubin, protein, SGPT and SGOT and ALP) indicate the non-toxic nature of research formulation. The hormonal levels registered a significant increase during clinical study in research group, especially the testosterone level (10.36%). Semen quality evaluated through sperm count, motility and morphology showed a significant improvement in research group, suggesting that administration of research drug in cases of stress-related sexual problems protected healthy cells by reduced generation of ROS and helped maintain quality parameters of spermatozoa during spermatogenesis.Conclusions: The research formulation made from roots of Sida cordifolia Linn. and Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. showed good and significant (p<0.05) therapeutic efficacy through inhibition of primary and secondary symptoms and enhancement in hormonal and seminal parameters, validating its spermatogenesis effect without any toxic or adverse effects.
Histopathological pattern of cutaneous disorders in tertiary care center in Shahjahanpur district of India
Authors: Singh Amar , Pant Astha
Published: June 2020

Background: Histopathological examination is most commonly needed and used investigation in dermatology. The main objective of this study is to share our experience with skin lesions from a tertiary health Centre by describing the histopathological patterns of 675 consecutive cases.Methods: The study was retrospective and was conducted in those patients who attended the OPD. A total of 675 cases were sent for histopathological examination. Further they were classified into various histological categories based on the site and pattern of involvement. Inclusion criteria involves all skin biopsies sent for histopathology examination, exclusion criteria was none.Results: Most common histopathological entity was infectious disease with 22.52% cases leading in this study. Out of which Hansen disease is on top with 16.29% which was followed by cutaneous tuberculosis with 3.70% (25) cases. Second most common group was of psoriasiform reactions with 9.77% cases. In this group most common disorder was psoriasis vulgaris with 5.92% (40) cases. Third and fourth most common group were spongiotic dermatitis and lichenoid dermatitis which presented with 9.18% and 9.03% cases with a minimal difference of 1 case.Conclusions: A huge diversity in skin lesions was noticed in our study ranging from nonspecific dermatitis to malignant melanoma conditions. There was a younger age predominance regarding the patient presentation. Hansen’s disease still remains a single entity in India for which skin biopsy are required.
Profile of epileptic patients at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Verma Kushel , Sharma Dinesh Dutt , Sharma R. C.
Published: June 2020

Background: The present study was done in a tertiary care centre of North India to know the profile of epilepsy.Methods: Total of 210 patients were selected during the period August, 2017 to July 2018 who attended outpatient clinic of the Department of Neurology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Detailed clinical history was taken, general physical examination, and routine blood examination were carried out.Results: Of all the cases, sex ratio (male:female) was 2.39:1. A high proportion of cases (43.3%) were from lower-middle socio-economic group. 76.7% patients had generalized seizures. For 38.6% patients, frequency of seizures was more than 8 in the past 6 months. 71.9% of the patients were using only one anti-epileptic drug.Conclusions: Patients with seizures comprise a significant burden in inpatient department of developing countries.
Assessment of multiple factors affecting intelligence quotient of children of rural and urban areas of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singhvi Shreyans D. , Singh Preksha T. , Bhandari Gautam
Published: June 2020

Background: Children are the future of our country and hence their mental and physical wellbeing should be our upmost priority. Undernutrition is a major public health problem in our country and is one of the most common reasons for morbidity and mortality in children under 5yrs of age. The first few years of life are particularly important because vital development occurs in all domains. Therefore, this study has aimed to study the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of the children of the age group 3-5 in urban and rural areas and study the factors associated with it.Methods: A cross section study of the children group of population was performed. Two sections of the children group were taken for the study- children population residing in an urban area and children population residing in a rural community of Rajasthan, India. The data was compiled and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: In our study, we have found that The following chosen demographic factors were found associated with children Intelligence quotient (IQ) - nutritional status, socioeconomic status, and age, while gender was not found to be associated with IQ.Conclusions: As, cognitive development is fairly important to children and their future, it should be paid more acknowledgment, as well as early preventive methods of it’s associated factors.
Nurse led intervention on the self-management of glaucoma among patients at federal medical center Idi Aba, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Kio Janet , Bankole Mojisola Adelola , Ayodele Kolawole Olanrewaju
Published: June 2020

Background: The damaging and insidious nature of glaucoma make it spread gradually without being noticed but causes serious harm. In support to this, failure to have adequate knowledge leads to late detection and poses management problem in preventing blindness from glaucoma among glaucoma patients. This study tends to fill such gap by assessing the effect of nurse-led intervention on the self-management of glaucoma among glaucoma patients at Federal Medical Center Idi Aba Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.Methods: The study utilized one group pre-test, posttest quasi experimental research design with 97 glaucoma patients. Two research instruments were used to collect data. Data were collected over six weeks in three phases. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data for the research questions.Results: Mean score of knowledge level of participants on glaucoma increased from 8.13±3.14 (pre intervention) to 15.91±1.68 (post intervention). Pre intervention knowledge mean score level of participants on glaucoma self-management increased from 9.28±3.76 to post intervention mean score of 18.12±1.09; pre intervention skills' mean score of participants on the effective eye drop instillation increased from 4.23±0.88 to 8.47±0.53 at post intervention mean score.Conclusions: The training package enhanced the general knowledge and self-management of glaucoma, as well as skills in eye drop instillation. It is therefore recommended that there is need for nurses to provide clear and detailed instructions on how glaucoma medication must be effectively instilled.
MALDI-TOF MS: the proteomic approach, the future of fungal identification in India
Authors: Fonseca Mallika , Menon Sarala , Rahi Praveen , Patekar Prachi , Chowdhary Abhay S.
Published: June 2020

Background: India, being a country where fungal infections are rampant, is urgently in need of effective tools for early and accurate diagnosis of fungal infections. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is a recent method which has shown potential in identifying clinically important bacterial pathogens as well as clinically important fungi. The main objective of this study was to compare the utility of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of fungi against that of conventional methods.Methods: The project was carried out in a tertiary care government hospital in India. Fifty clinical isolates comprising mainly various yeast species were subjected to conventional identification (Phenotypic) as well as MALDI-TOF-MS. Their results were further compared.Results: MALDI-TOF MS showed a high concordance with conventional methods while identifying species like C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. neoformans, although the concordance for species such as Rhodotorula and Trichosporon could only be matched up to genus level.Conclusions: MALDI-TOF MS-based identification is both a rapid and a viable tool for identification of clinically relevant yeast species with good correlation to conventional methods and a quick turnaround time.
In vitro evaluation of an antibacterial effect of rose leaves and petals extract along with antibiotics on Escherichia coli
Authors: Chimurkar Leena , Maraskolhe Deepashri , Kamble Prachi
Published: June 2020

Background: Today Herbal medicine are commonly used because of their easy availability and affordability. It is more closely corresponds to the patient’s belief, concerns about the adverse effects of chemical (synthetic) medicines, persuade a desire for more personalized health care, and allows significant public access to health information. The major use of herbal medicines is for health promotion and treatment for chronic, as opposed to life-threatening, conditions. Usage of traditional remedies increases when conventional medicine is less effective in the treatment of disease, such as in advanced cancer and in the face of new infectious diseases. The hibiscus Rosa sinensis plant extract have multiple organic component like flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenoids which are known to have antibacterial activity against E. coli, P aeruginosa, Salmonella species. Phytotherapy is considered to be less toxic and minimal or no side effects in comparison to modern allopathic medicines. Therefore, in today’s scenario there has been reappearance of interest developed in herbal medicine. Therefore, the study was planned to look for antibacterial activity of extract of petals and leaves of hibiscus Rosa sinensis against.Methods: Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical samples along with resistant antibiotics. All resistant isolates were tested along with hibiscus Rosa sinensis extract both leaves and petals ex-tract with resistant antibiotics.Results: We found that out of total 51, 35 (68.63%) were resistant E. coli isolates to different antibiotics and 85.72% were from urine samples. Enhancement effect in zone size with many resistant antibiotics was seen individually with both extracts. Antibiotics like ampicillin, cefotaxime, cotrimaxazole, cefuroxime, piperacillin, gentamycin showed more enhancement with rose petal extract than leaves. While antibiotic like levofloxacin (5%) showed enhancement only with leaves extract and not with the petals extract.Conclusions: It was found that Rose petal extract showed more antibacterial activity along with the antibiotics as compare to Rose leaves extract.
Clinical profile and excellent short-term treatment outcome of acute glomerulonephritis: a report from paediatric nephrology unit of university teaching hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Dixonumo Ofonime T. , Ikpeme Enobong E. , Kan Kate M.
Published: June 2020

Background: Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), the commonest of which is acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, is common in school aged children and typically presents with haematuria, oedema, oliguria and varying degrees of renal insufficiency. This study evaluated epidemiologic factors, presentations and treatment outcome of AGN patients at University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, (UUTH), Uyo, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among children with AGN at the paediatric nephrology unit of UUTH from January 2015 to December 2019. Data were analysed with statistical package for social sciences version 25 and p values <0.05 were considered statistical significant.Results: Fifteen out of 12,403 paediatric admissions had AGN, giving an average yearly hospital incidence of 3/year and 0.12% of total admission. Age range was three to 15 years. Mean age was 8.07±3.94 years and median was 7.00 years. Males were nine with a male/female ratio of 1.5:1. Eight (53.3%) belonged to the lowest socioeconomic class. Haematuria and peripheral oedema were universal presentations and 4 (26.7%) had antecedent pharyngeal infection. Other clinical presentations were: Oliguria 11(73.3%), Grade II hypertension 10 (66.7%), and pulmonary oedema 5 (33.3%). Four (26.7%) each had acute kidney injury, hyperkalaemia and dipstick massive proteinuria. Other complications were congestive cardiac failure 2 (13.3%), and seizures with encephalopathy in 1 (6.7%). Proteinuria was significantly associated with age at p=0.034 (Fisher Exact test). Major treatment modalities were: fluid management, loop diuretics and antibiotics as indicated.Conclusions: Short-term outcome was excellent with 100% discharge within 28 days of hospitalisation and the majority being discharged within two weeks.
Diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in thyroid lesions
Authors: Manzoor Farzana , Sheikh Arif R. , Sheikh Bilal A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important screening tool and thereby dictates clinical management. The exclusion of non-invasive follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (NIFVPTC) from thyroid malignancies and its reclassification as non-malignant entity i.e., non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features (NIFTP) has added a new dimension. Aim of this study was to study the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in screening thyroid lesions by correlation with histopathological examination and to calculate diagnostic accuracy of FNAC considering NIFTP as non-malignant and compare it with pre NIFTP era.Methods: It was an observational study done over a period of 2 years (2017-2018). It included the cases where FNAC was followed subsequently by histopathology. FNAC results were correlated with histopathological diagnosis established thereof.Results: A total of 107 patients were included in this study. Considering NIFTP as non-malignant, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 92.97%, 100%, 100%, 92.73% and 96.23% respectively, that is significantly higher if authors considered NIFTP as malignant.Conclusions: FNAC plays an indispensable role in making preliminary diagnosis in thyroid lesions. There is a notable increase in diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in thyroid lesions and significant decrease in risk of malignancy by considering NIFTP as non-malignant.