bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior chamber to frontal sinus shunt for the diversion of aqueous humor: a pilot study in four normal dogs
Authors: Cullen  , Allen  , Grahn
Published: March 2003

Silicone tubing was used to divert aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the right eye to the rostral compartment of the right frontal sinus in four clinically normal mixed‐breed dogs. Biomicroscopic examination, and pneumoapplanation tonometry and tonography, completed for up to 18 weeks postoperatively, confirmed gonioimplant function in all four cases. The dogs were euthanized at 6, 8, 16 and 18 weeks postoperatively. Gonioimplant patency was further confirmed by postmortem examination of the globes, implants and frontal sinuses. Gross and light microscopic examinations revealed iridal attachments to the implant (n = 4), mild anterior uveitis (n = 3), anterior subcapsular cataracts (n = 4), and focal corneal (n = 3) and scleral (n = 3) scarring in the operated globes. Light microscopic examination of frontal sinus specimens revealed mild lymphocytic proliferation and fibrosis immediately adjacent to the implant entrance site. There were no bacteria detected on aerobic or anaerobic cultures of the frontal sinuses or light microscopic examination of the globes or frontal sinuses. Results indicate that the frontal sinus shunting of aqueous humor is a safe and effective means of extraorbital aqueous diversion with potential applicability in the management of glaucoma.
The use of immunohistochemistry and the polymerase chain reaction for detection of feline leukemia virus and feline sarcoma virus in six cases of feline ocular sarcoma
Authors: Cullen  , Haines  , Jackson  , Peiffer  , Grahn
Published: March 2003

Ocular sarcoma was diagnosed by light microscopic examination in enucleated globes (n = 4), orbital tissue biopsy (n = 1) and ocular evisceration contents (n = 1) from six cats. To determine if feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or a replication‐defective FeLV, feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), was present in these ocular sarcomas, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for FeLV were utilized. Immunohistochemical staining for FeLV glycoprotein 70 (gp70) was performed on all six formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumors using an avidin–biotin complex technique. DNA was extracted from each specimen and a 166 bp region of the FeLV long‐terminal repeat (LTR) was amplified by PCR. All tumors were composed primarily of spindle cells; two neoplasms had PAS‐positive basement membrane enveloping areas of spindle cells. All tumors involved the uvea and five of six tumors showed transcleral extension, one of which invaded the optic nerve. Immunohistochemical staining for FeLV gp 70 was negative. PCR to amplify a portion of the FeLV LTR was negative. Based on these findings of these limited number of cases, FeLV/FeSV may not play a role in the tumorigenesis of feline ocular sarcomas. However, additional tumors representing all morphological subtypes should be investigated for the presence of viral antigen and DNA. It is important to determine the etiology and pathogenesis of these malignant ocular sarcomas. If the cell of origin and pathogenesis involve ocular and lenticular injury, and FeLV/FeSV is not present, then the clinical management of cases of feline ocular trauma, uveitis and glaucoma may prevent the development of this tumor.
Spontaneous buphthalmos in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus campbelli)
Authors: Ekesten Björn , Dubielzig Richard R.
Published: March 2003

Four Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus campbelli) were examined because of insidious globe enlargement, visual impairment and secondary altered behavior. Buphthalmos, deep anterior chambers, widely dilated pupils and poor to absent pupillary light reflexes were evident bilaterally in all four animals. Pale retinae and atrophic optic nerve heads were observed in the oldest hamsters. Light microscopic findings, including uveal atrophy, retinal atrophy (especially the inner retina), and a relative decrease in ganglion cells and optic nerve atrophy, were consistent with glaucoma. The etiology was unclear, but a genetic predisposition cannot be excluded.
Combined corneal lipid and calcium degeneration in a dog with hyperadrenocorticism: a case report
Authors: Laus José L. , Santos Cristiane dos , Talieri Ivia C. , Oriá Arianne P. , Bechara Gervásio H.
Published: March 2003

Corneal degeneration may occur with a deposition of lipids or calcium, or both. Calcareous and lipid degeneration may be either primary or secondary, associated with systemic diseases such as primary hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia associated with hyperadrenocorticism, and hypothyroidism. The authors report a case of bilateral corneal lipid and calcium degeneration in a 7‐year‐old female Poodle with hyperadrenocorticism. The condition worsened with Lysodren® therapy but responded to surgical excision.
Causes of uveitis in dogs: 102 cases (1989–2000)
Authors: Massa Kathleen L. , Gilger Brian C. , Miller Tammy L. , Davidson Michael G.
Published: March 2003

Uveitis is one of the most common ocular diseases and one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to correlate the signalment, history, clinical signs and ophthalmic findings of dogs with uveitis with the underlying etiology. We conducted a retrospective study of 102 dogs presented to the NCSU‐VTH from 1989 to 2000 with clinical signs of uveitis. Medical records of dogs presented for uveitis were reviewed. Dogs were included in the study only if a complete diagnostic work‐up database was collected, if sufficient follow‐up was documented, and if the uveitis was not secondary to trauma or a hypermature cataract. The mean age ± SD of all dogs in this study was 6.2 ± 3.6 years. There were 33 intact and 16 castrated males, and 14 intact and 27 neutered females. Fourteen breeds were represented, with the Golden Retriever (n = 14) most common. Fifty‐nine dogs (58%) were diagnosed with idiopathic/immune‐mediated uveitis, neoplasia was diagnosed in 25 dogs (24.5%) and 18 dogs (17.6%) were diagnosed with infectious causes of uveitis. Aqueous flare was the most common clinical sign, occurring in 88 dogs (86%). The most common infectious organisms associated with uveitis in the dogs of this study wereEhrlichia canis(n = 7). Lymphosarcoma (n = 17) was the most common neoplasm. In ≈ 60% of dogs presenting for uveitis an underlying cause was not found, and a diagnosis of immune‐mediated or idiopathic uveitis was made. However, ≈ 25% of dogs had ocular and/or systemic neoplasia (with 17% of cases having lymphosarcoma) and 18% with an underlying infectious cause for uveitis. Because of the high percentage of systemic disease associated with uveitis in dogs, extensive diagnostic testing is recommended before instituting symptomatic anti‐inflammatory therapy.
Survival of equine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus in multidose ophthalmic solutions
Authors: Storey Eric S. , Gerding Paul A. , Scherba Gail , Schaeffer David J.
Published: March 2003

ObjectiveTo determine survival over time of infectious equine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus in three commercially available and commonly used ophthalmic solutions (eyewash, fluorescein, and proparacaine HCl).

Sample populationViruses used in this study were originally isolated from eyes of animals referred to the University of Illinois. Equine herpesvirus‐4 was propagated in MDBK cells and feline herpesvirus‐1 and feline calicivirus in CRFK cells.

ProcedureAfter separately inoculating a designated solution with a specific titer of an individual virus, solutions were incubated per manufacturer's recommendations, either at 4 °C or 25 °C. Virus titers within solutions were subsequently measured at 1, 8, and 24 h and 3, 5 and 7 days post inoculation using either plaque or TCID50assays.

ResultsEquine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus were present in eyewash for 7 days, 5 days, and 7 days, respectively. Eyewash did not decrease survival time of any virus when compared to controls. Equine herpesvirus‐4 and feline herpesvirus‐1, both enveloped viruses, were not recovered at any time ≥ 1 h post inoculation in fluorescein. Feline calicivirus, a nonenveloped virus, was present in fluorescein for 7 days. Equine herpesvirus‐4 and feline herpesvirus‐1 did not remain infectious in proparacaine at any time ≥ 1 h post inoculation, but feline calicivirus was recovered at up to 24 h post inoculation.

ConclusionsEquine herpesvirus‐4, feline herpesvirus‐1, and feline calicivirus may be readily transmissible via the eyewash solution used in this study. Risk of iatrogenic transmission of the three viruses used in this study was significantly reduced in both fluorescein and proparacaine solutions. Feline calicivirus, the only nonenveloped virus evaluated, remained viable longer in both fluorescein and proparacaine solutions.
Squamous cell carcinoma associated with a periorbital mass in a veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)
Authors: Abou‐Madi Noha , Kern Thomas J.
Published: March 2003

This report describes a squamous cell carcinoma in a 1‐year‐old female veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). The lesion developed as a small (1 by 1 mm) left periocular discoloration of a scale never involving the eye. The mass was first diagnosed as an abscess, increased in size (4 by 8 by 3 mm), and recurred after two surgical resections combined with antibiotic therapy. Poor nutritional condition and egg production by the chameleon complicated management of this condition. The mass was removed surgically a third time at which point histopathologic evaluation revealed a locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Bacterial culture of the mass isolated a pure culture ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. Ceftazidime was administered at 20 mg/kg IM every 48 h for 20 days. The animal died 3 months later from complications during an ovariohysterectomy for pregnancy toxemia and oviduct inertia. Necropsy showed no local recurrence or metastasis of the tumor.
Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea
Authors: Ronquist Fredrik
Published: March 2003

I review cynipoid phylogeny and evolution and present an improved higher classification of the superfamily, including the proposal of some nomenclatural changes at the family and genus level. There is convincing morphological evidence for cynipoid monophyly. Relationships with other apocritan wasps are unclear although some characters suggest that diapriids may form their sister group. Cladistic analysis based on adult morphology indicates that cynipoids fall into five monophyletic lineages arranged in a Hennigian comb or ladder: (Austrocynipidae (Ibaliidae (Liopteridae (Figitidaesensu lato, Cynipidae)))). The three first families comprise the macrocynipoids, the two latter the microcynipoids. Relationships among macrocynipoids have been analysed down to the genus or species level and considerable attention has been paid to their historical biogeography. In the microcynipoids, comprising the bulk of cynipoid diversity, phylogenetic research has focused on the gall wasps (Cynipidae). Higher‐level relationships are well studied and this allows reconstruction of the early evolution of the gall wasp‐host plant association and the origin of the inquilines. The Figitidae are by far the least known cynipoid family and their classification is chaotic; here, I present a first attempt at a cladistic analysis of their higher‐level relationships. Biogeographic and fossil evidence, as well as a morphological clock estimate, suggest that the cynipoid crown‐group initially diverged in the Jurassic but the earliest cynipoid fossils are from the mid Cretaceous. Existing cynipoid fossils are here tentatively placed in a phylogenetic context but explicit cladistic analysis is likely to shed more light on their exact relationships. Current phylogenetic estimates suggest that cynipoids went through three successive phases in their early evolution, each leaving a set of surviving lineages: first in the community of wood‐boring insects, then in the gall community, and finally in the aphid community. The parasitic cynipoids have apparently shifted only four times between hosts in different insect orders, demonstrating extreme conservatism in host association as might be expected of koinobiont endoparasites.
Empowered nurses? Nurses in Norway and the USA compared
Authors: Ellefsen B. , Hamilton G.
Published: March 2003

Abstract

This comparative study investigated to what degree nurses from two major university hospitals, one in the USA and one in Norway, experienced empowerment. Nurses’ experiences of power were studied, as operationalized by Laschinger in her model and instruments. Laschinger’s model is based on Kanter’s theory of structural determinants of behaviour in organizations. The Norwegian sample consisted of 590 nurses with a response rate of 70.5%; the North American sample consisted of 135 nurses with a response rate of 55%. The results showed both similarities and differences. Formal power for both samples explained 51% of the variance of the overall empowerment, while informal and formal power explained 62%. The Norwegian nurses experienced slightly more informal power while the USA nurses experienced more formal power. There were significant differences, in each hospital, in items within the theoretical constructs, when cross‐tabulated by demographic variables. Leadership position was the demographic variable that most clearly differentiated in both hospital samples, with more power for the leaders.

The small differences between nurses from two hospitals in two different countries in developed parts of the world raises some questions. The importance, or lack of importance, of cultural and organizational differences might be one area for further exploration. Overall, the methodology is valuable for further testing of nurse empowerment in different settings, as well as in change and implementation studies.
The nursing education system in the People's Republic of China: evolution, structure and reform
Authors: Xu Y. , Xu Z. , Zhang J.
Published: March 2003

This article provides a comprehensive account of the nursing education system in the People's Republic of China within its historical, economic and sociopolitical contexts. The article argues that the Western world, the United States in particular, had a profound impact on the early development of nursing education in China in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that nursing education in China has been heavily influenced by medical education in terms of structure, curriculum and faculty training, and that challenges are enormous for Chinese nursing education to meet international standards of nursing education. Comparisons of nursing education systems between China and the United States are made when appropriate and possible. Recent developments and reforms in Chinese nursing education are also described and assessed.
A review of the literature from developed and developing countries relating to the effects of hospitalization on children and parents
Authors: Shields L. ,   FRCNA,,   NH &,   MRC Public Health Fellow
Published: March 2003

There is a literature base about the care of children in hospital in developed nations, but little from, or about, developing countries. The aim of this review was to critically examine publications relating to the effect of hospitalization on children and their parents. ‘Parents’, in this context, were considered as the child's natural or adoptive parents, step‐parents or any other context of parent–child relationship, in other words, the primary care‐giver to the child. Most of the work reviewed from developed countries was sourced from the nursing literature, while in developing countries, the available literature was largely from medicine. Conclusions from developed countries indicated that parents should be allowed to stay in hospital with their child, and that care must be developmental‐stage appropriate. Furthermore, staff need to be educated about special needs of children, children should be prepared for hospital admission (if possible) and parents' needs met. In developing countries, the meagre literature available suggested that recognition of the important role parents play in a child's hospitalization is starting to become recognized.
Preparing Nurses To Care for Minority Ethnic Communities
Authors: Gerrish Kate
Published: March 2003

UK healthcare policy is increasingly emphasizing the need for healthcare services to be responsive to ethnic diversity. In recognizing the important role that nurses and midwives play in healthcare delivery, the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting–the statutory professional body that oversees nursing and midwifery education in England–commissioned a two‐year research project to examine the extent to which nurses and midwives were prepared to work in a multi‐ethnic society.1 The study found that not all practitioners were equipped to provide appropriate care to multi‐ethnic populations. Below, an overview of the study, which identifies some issues that may be of relevance to other countries.
Nurses Are the Key to Effective HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care
Authors: Stallknecht Kirsten
Published: March 2003

“Connecting Experience and Knowledge”–the theme of a recent conference organized by the European Association of Nurses in AIDS Care (EANAC)–is at the heart of effective HIV/AIDS care, noted ICN President Kirsten Stallknecht in her opening statement. Below, excerpts from her speech.
Four Ways To Teach PHC in a Changing World
Authors: Shoultz Jan , Kooker Barbara Molina , Sloat Ann R. , Hatcher Penny A.
Published: March 2003

Nurse educators are challenged to revise teaching/learning methods to support community‐based primary health care (PHC) systems. The key elements are: integrating education with the realities of practice and people's needs; moving communities to strive towards solving their own health problems; and recognizing the socioeconomic health determinants. Described below are four educational methods based on PHC: inquiry‐based learning, IMPACTS (a game to encourage multisectoral collaboration), distance education and community‐based education.
Leading Nurses to a New Century ICN During the 1990s
Authors: Brush Barbara L.
Published: March 2003

MANY of the concerns facing ICN in the 1990s had remained constant throughout the organisation's history. These include professional services issues, economic stability, international relations and global nurse representation. Many ICN activities in the 1990s were devoted to addressing these familiar problems in new ways.

As the century drew to a close, more than 4,500 nurses from every region of the world gathered with joy and pride at the ICN Centennial Conference in London. They celebrated one hundred years of accomplishment and accepted a new vision to lead ICN and nursing into the 21st Century.
Nursing in Thailand: Western concepts vs Thai tradition
Authors: Ekintumas Downapha
Published: March 2003

Thailand's rigid hierarchy discourages independent thought and generates nurses unsuited to apply Western processes. Theories or frameworks can provide only a guideline, not a recipe. Western concepts do not match the demands of Thai nursing and need to be reinterpreted in the context of Thai culture.
Discrimination in Nursing
Authors: Kingma Mireille
Published: March 2003

Discrimination in the health sector is disturbing as it violates the basic principles articulated by care providers. As disturbing is the discrimination reported in the nursing profession itself. Below, the issues behind the eight factors that generate discrimination. Awareness of such harmful—and often painful—practices is the first step in addressing the problem and planning future action
Alasdair MacIntyre and the professional practice of nursing
Authors: Sellman Derek
Published: March 2003

Abstract In his attempt to explain and draw together disparate aspects of the tradition of the virtues MacIntyre develops a complex and specific concept that he terms a practice. By a practice he means to describe certain types of activities in which excellences can be pursued and that offer those engaged in a practice access to the goods internal to that practice.

Sellman and Wainwright have both suggested that there are advantages to be had in understanding nursing as a practice in this MacIntyrean sense. This paper suggests that nursing should be considered as a particular type of MacIntyrean practice, and I have used the term a professional practice to identify this species.

This paper also considers some of the implications of such a perspective and suggests that one benefit of thinking of nursing as a professional practice is that it may offer a route by which the virtues necessary for nursing can be identified.
Experimental design applied to the formulation of lipsticks with particular features
Authors: Zanotti F. , Masiello S. , Bader S. , Guarneri M. , Vojnovic D.
Published: March 2003

Synopsis

In our work a non‐classical experimental design was applied to obtain lipsticks endowed with particular characteristics. Our aim was to formulate lipsticks that leave a brilliant and shiny colour application and have a transparent look. The emollient substances and the waxes (consistency factors) were identified as the main variables of the system. A two phase experimental strategy was thought out: the optimal quantities of consistency factors were selected using a Doehlert experimental matrix, whereas the correct mixtures of emollients were determined using a Scheffé simplex‐centroid design. These two design were combined and a set of 49 experiments was obtained. The experiments carried out allowed the definition of a zone of two phases in which the objectives were attained: the correct types and appropriate quantities of emollients and waxes were determined. To find a possible correlation between some mixtures and the lipsticks' sensorial behaviour, differential scanning calorimetry was used. These results, in addition to those obtained using the experimental design allowed us to select the best lipstick formula. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
L’effluvium télogène actinique: une facette de la chronobiologie humaine
Authors: Piérard‐franchimont C. , Peérard G.E.
Published: March 2003

A seasonal increased hair loss is frequently recognized in clinical practice. However, such an aspect of chronobiology has rarely been documented. To evaluate the seasonal influence on the hair cycle, trichograms of 2857 subjects who complained of an increased hair loss were collected during two consecutive years. An increased frequency of telogen effluvium was observed between July and October. The seasonal effluvium appears to be more summer effect than autumnal in regions whose latitude is over the Tropic of Cancer. The influence of ultraviolet light is possible. It might correspond to an actinic effluvium manifesting itself in some individuals among the whole population.
A Clinical, Biometrological and Ultrastructural Study of Xerotic Skin
Authors: Berry N. , Charmeil C. , Goujon C. , Silvy A. , Girard P. , Corcuff P. , Montastier C.
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate, non‐invasively on human subjects, xerotic skin and its physiological evolution over time, compared to normal skin. Two groups of 17 female subjects were studied during the winter season, one made up of subjects with normal skin and the other subjects with xerotic skin. A clinical assessment and biometrological measurements of hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were performed on the same area of the external antero‐lateral surface of the leg at the start of the study then after three weeks. At the end of the study, the ultrastructure of stratum corneum samples taken from the same area was examined by transmission electron microscopy.

Subjects with xerotic skin were selected according to their impaired cutaneous barrier function, reflected in a TEWL higher than 12 g/m /h. Compared to normal subjects, they presented a hydration level more than 25% lower. After an interval of 21 days, no significant change in the hydration level or clinical appearance of the xerotic skin was observed. In contrast, the TEWL had decreased significantly (D
− D
=−3.6 g/m
/h; p < 0.001) but still stayed higher than normal values. Changes in the ultrastructure of the stratum corneum were also observed in the subjects with xerotic skin. Unlike normal skin, corneosomes could be detected right up to the surface layers, accompanied by intercellular lipids in an amorphous form. These observations confirm the important roles played by both corneosomes and lipid organization in the cohesion/desquamation processes.

In the subjects with normal skin, the hydration level and barrier function remained unchanged during the three week study but an onset of skin dryness was observed, the mean clinical score increasing by +1.3 (p = 0.01). These results confirm that there is no direct relationship between TEWL and the severity of skin dryness. It appears that a clinical evaluation is more sensitive than biometrological measurement for describing early state of cutaneous dryness. This study highlights the importance of a regular cosmetic or dermopharmaceutical treatment during the winter to prevent xerosis apparition on legs.
Horse Chestnut – Aesculus Hippocastanum: Potential Applications in Cosmetic Skin‐care Products
Authors: Wilkinson J.A. , Brown A.M.G.
Published: March 2003

In addition to the well reported beneficial effects of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) extracts on venous insufficiency and associated conditions, such preparations also have many potential positive pharmacological effects on the skin. Extracts from this species, and in particular, those based on horse chestnut seeds, contain saponins, known collectively as ’aescin’, which have a gentle soapy feel, and are potent anti‐inflammatory compounds. Saponins, such as escin, also reduce capillary fragility, and therefore help to prevent leakage of fluids into surrounding tissues, which can cause swelling. An extract of horse chestnut has recently been shown to have one of the highest ’active‐oxygen’ scavenging abilities of 65 different plant extracts tested. Such extracts are more powerful anti‐oxidants than vitamin E, and also exhibit potent cell‐protective effects, which are linked to the well‐known anti‐ageing properties of anti‐oxidants.

The extract is also rich in a number of flavonoids, such as derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol. Flavonoids also have protective effects on blood vessels, and are well‐known, powerful anti‐oxidants.
Skin colour assessment in safety testing of cosmetics. An overview
Authors: Hermanns  , Piérard‐Franchimont  , Piérard
Published: March 2003

Synopsis

Few subjects are as problematical to dermatologists, cosmetologists and related experimenters involved in safety testing as the clinical assessment of skin colour. At the core of the problem is the word erythema, which does not communicate a sense for the nuance of red. In addition, light shades of red are not visible in dark‐skinned people. Human assays aiming at evaluating the irritancy and allergic potential of cosmetics take advantage to use instrumental assessments of skin colour. However, there are pitfalls related to the complex biological aspects of the cutaneous reactivity, to the design of the in vivo assay, and to technical aspects bound to the principle of the measuring methods. Sound information can only be reached when these concerns are solved.

Résumé

Peu de sujets sont aussi problématiques pour les dermatologues, cosmétologues et autres expérimentateurs impliqués dans les tests de sûreté que l’évaluation clinique des couleurs cutanées. Au centre du problème est le mot érythème qui ne communique pas la notion des nuances de rouge. De plus, un érythème discret peut ne pas être visible chez des individus à la peau foncée. Les tests humains visant àévaluer les potentialités d’irritation et d’allergie aux cosmétiques bénéficient des évaluations instrumentales de la couleur cutanée. Cependant, il existe des pièges liés aux aspects biologiques complexes de la réactivité cutanée, au choix du test in vivo et à des aspects techniques en relation avec le principe du système de mesure. Une information adéquate ne peut être obtenue qu’après avoir résolu ces problèmes.
Topical formulation of a new plant extract complex with refirming properties. Clinical and non‐invasive evaluation in a double‐blind trial
Authors: Martelli  , Berardesca  , Martelli
Published: March 2003

Synopsis

We tested an OTC formulation versus placebo in a double‐blind trial to evaluate its ability to improve elasticity and firmness of the skin. The clinical non‐invasive evaluation in 20 volunteers shows:

1. No adverse reactions such as itching or irritation

2. Efficacy and cosmetic acceptibility of the test cream

3. An increase in electrical capacitance (moisture content) even though without statistical significance. This result is not surprising because the patients had healthy skin and were relatively young (aged 20–25)

4. A very significant improvement in the biomechanical properties (extensibility and firmness) of the skin. This increase was statistically significant (P < 0.02)

The main components of the cream (boswellic acids, Sylibin and Centella asiatica extracts) were formulated as complexes with lyso‐phospholipids and soya bean non‐saponifiable lipids.

Résumé

Nous avons testé une formulation OTC contre un placebo dans un essai en double aveugle afin d’évaluer sa capacitéà améliorer l’élasticité et la fermeté de la peau. L’évaluation clinique non invasive sur 20 volontaires montre:

1. L’absence de réactions négatives telles que des démangeaisons ou des irritations.

2. Une efficacité et une acceptabilité cosmétique de la crème testée.

3. Une augmentation de la capacitance électrique (teneur en eau) bien que non significative au plan statistique. Ce résultat n’est pas surprenant car les patients avaient une peau saine et étaient relativement jeunes (âge 20–25).

4. Une amélioration très significative des propriétés biomécaniques (élasticité et fermeté) de la peau. Cette augmentation est statistiquement significative (P < 0,02).

Les composants principaux de la crème (acides boswelliques, extraits de Sybiline et de Centella asiatica) sont formulés sous forme de complexes avec des lyso‐phospholipides et des lipides de soja non saponifiables.
Influence of hairdressing on the psychological mood of women
Authors: Picot‐Lemasson A. , Decocq G. , Aghassian F. , Leveque J.L.
Published: March 2003

Synopsis

A questionnaire, specially designed to measure the mood change was filled in by 359 women at their arrival in different hair‐salons and after having received various hair care services. The results show that hair treatments increase all the positive dimensions of mood and decrease all the negative ones. Only the improvement in sociability appears to be linked to age.

Résumé

Un questionnaire particulier a été mis au point pour enregistrer le changement d’humeur de 359 femmes entre leur arrivée dans des salons de coiffure, où elles ont reçu divers traitements capillaires, et leurs départs. Les résultats démontrent que toutes les dimensions positives de l’humeur augmentent alors que toutes les dimensions négatives diminuent. Seule l’amélioration de la sociabilité est modulée par l’âge.
Skin permeation of two different benzophenone derivatives from various vehicles
Authors: Kurul E. , Hekimoğlu S.
Published: March 2003

Synopsis The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the vehicles on the release and permeation of the UV filters. Therefore, the release and permeation of lipophilic oxybenzone and hydrophilic sulisobenzone were investigated from four different vehicles; petrolatum, o/w and w/o emulsions and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) gel. Both release and permeation studies were performed by using glass diffusion cells. The vehicle in which oxybenzone has the highest released amount was petrolatum, whereas the highest released amount for sulisobenzone was obtained in HEC gel. The difference between the released amounts of oxybenzone in the other three vehicles was not significant but the released amount of sulisobenzone was least in petrolatum, whereas no significant difference was seen between o/w and w/o emulsions. The results of skin permeation experiments were similar those from release experiments. The order of permeated amounts from highest to lowest was petrolatum, o/w emulsion and HEC gel for oxybenzone, and HEC gel, o/w emulsion and petrolatum for sulisobenzone. These results demonstrate that permeation of the UV filters can be optimized by a suitable vehicle. As the percutaneous absorption of sunscreens should be avoided, the vehicle suggested for oxybenzone and sulisobenzone is o/w emulsion because of its permeation properties and cosmetic acceptance.
The dietitian’s role in the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Thomas Denise
Published: March 2003

Eating disorders have both psychological and physiological elements and so require treatment that combines expertise in both. Professionals who treat patients with an eating disorder need to have knowledge of the nutritional effects and physiological consequences of the illness. This is rare within a predominantly mental health setting. The extreme dieting behaviour in anorexia nervosa leading to the severe weight loss and symptoms of semi‐starvation; binge‐eating behaviour, seen in cases in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder; and the patient’s distorted beliefs about nutrition and dietary requirements all underpin the need for the expertise provided by dietitians. They now have an essential role within the multi‐disciplinary assessment and treatment programmes for all three major eating disorders.
Nutrition research priorities for the food industry
Authors: Cottrell Richard C.
Published: March 2003

The food industry must take an interest in nutrition research prioritisation both for short‐ and long‐term commercial reasons and to fulfil its social responsibilities towards its customers. It should be emphasised, however, that these responsibilities are necessarily limited by practical considerations. Research priorities should take account of strategic goals as well as the technical capability of the nutrition research community at any particular point in time. Important strategic needs for research in nutrition require techniques that have yet to be developed. Whether or not the outcome of research may be commercially exploitable may significantly influence the enthusiasm of companies to provide funding but should not be the main criterion in setting priorities for publicly funded research. Opportunities for co‐operation in research funding should be sought only after the object of the research, the methods to be used and the principal researchers have been chosen. Programmes that place too great an emphasis on co‐operation tend to distort and trivialise the subjects given priority. A number of areas of research into the common ‘nutrition‐related’ diseases of our time (cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, anaemia, osteoporosis and dental caries) fulfil strategic needs, are practical and timely, are commercially exploitable and also offer opportunities for co‐operative funding. These areas should be prime targets for research funding from both public and private sources.