bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Referents Within Children's Health Cognitions
Authors: Jutras Sylvie , Normandeau Sylvie , Kalnins Ilze , Morin Pauline
Published: October 2014

This study describes seven dimensions of positive mental health found in the verbalizations that 5-12-year-old children make in response to questions about health contextualized in their daily life experiences. Age differences were observed on five of the seven dimensions of mental health referents identified. All children, but particularly the younger ones, emphasized dimensions related to social interactions including social support (giving assistance, watching out for somebody, sharing activities), harmonious interpersonal relationships (having a positive attitude to others, avoiding conflicts), and expression of positive emotions (expressing love, friendship, or tenderness, giving comfort). More of the younger children talked about positive school involvement (motivation for school work, school success). The older children were more likely to make verbalizations related to high morale (being optimistic or in a good mood, having feelings of happiness). There were no differences by gender or socioeconomic living environment. The findings suggest that mental health is an integral part of children's general concept of health.
Rethinking The Role of Residential Treatment for Individuals With Substance Abuse Problems
Authors: Martin G. W. , Koski-Jannes A. , Weber T. R.
Published: October 2014

The Substance Abuse Bureau of the Ontario Ministry of Health recently launched the Ontario Addictions Treatment Services Rationalization Project to increase the capacity of existing services and restructure the service delivery system. One of the recommended strategies was to shorten the length of stay of residential treatment from four to three weeks. Concerns have been expressed by some service providers that this policy change is not consistent with available empirical evidence. This paper reviews relevant research evidence and suggests a new role for residential treatment of substance abusers.
Cultural Interpretation Services Within a Multicultural Context: An Exploration of the Problematic and Ethical Issues Facing Social Service Institutions
Authors: James Carl E.
Published: October 2014

This paper explores the challenges for social service agencies which offer cultural interpretion services in their bid to meet the needs of service seekers and recipients from linguistic minorities. The author argues that cultural interpretation is provided by institutions that have done little more than add a service for clients from cultural minorities, while leaving intact their service structures—structures that have historically viewed language and “cultural differences” as problems. This orientation will need to change if these services are to be accessible and equitable for Canadians from linguistic and ethnic minorities. While cultural interpreters remain critical to service delivery, they need to work within institutions where service providers and administrators understand language as a cultural, social, and political instrument through which individuals articulate their identities, realities, and understandings of their cultural contexts and service needs. This paper concludes by identifying some of the ethical dilemmas and questions that attend the needed institutional changes.
L'Ajustement Psychosocial à L'Asthme Et Au Diabète Juvénile Chez Des Enfants D'âge Scolaire
Authors: Pelletier Louise , Lepage Linda
Published: October 2014

L'étude présentée ici poursuivait 3 objectifs particuliers: (a) comparer les problèmes de santé mentale identifiés chez des enfants d'âge scolaire atteints d'une maladie chronique è ceux observés chez des enfants du même âge n'ayaut pas de problème de santé è long terme; (b) comparer la perception de soi et le fonctionnement social de ces 2 groupes d'enfants; et (c) identifier les factcurs permettant d'expliquer les différences d'ajustement psychosocial observées entre les enfants des 2 groupes. Les problèmes psychologiques et sociaux ont été mesurés è l'aide de 3 instruments. Le Dominique (Valla, Bergeron, Bérubé, Gaudet, & Saint-Georges, 1994) a été utilisé pour identifier les problemes de santé mentale. La perception de soi et le fonctionnement social des enfants out été mesurés è l'atde des versions françaises du Self-Perception Profile (Harter, 1985) et de la Rating Scale of Child's Actual Behavior (Harter, 1985). Les caractéristiques des enfants et de leurs familles ont également été prises en compte. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 60 enfants atteints d'asthme et de diabète juvénile ages de 6 è 11 ans, de 59 enfants témoins, et de leurs parents. Le Chi carré et l'analyse de variance multivariée ont été utilisées pour comparer les 2 groupes d'enfants étudiés. Les résultats de l'étude indiquent que les enfants atteints d'asthme et de diabète juvénile ne présentent pas plus de problèmes psychologiques et sociaux que leurs pairs du même âge n'ayant pas de maladie chronique. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que, parmi toutes les variables étudiées, seul l'âge de l'enfant peut expliquer une prévalence plus grande de problèmes de santé mentale chez les enfants malades. Les résultats obtenus sont discutés en les comparant è ceux d'autres études è partir desquels le cadre conceptuel de la recherche è été développé.
Organizational Change Towards the Empowerment-Community Integration Paradigm in Community Mental Health
Authors: Ochocka Joanna , Nelson Geoffrey , Lord John
Published: October 2014

As a part of a larger study of change towards the values of an empowerment-community integration paradigm in community mental health, we examined changes in 3 mental health organizations in 1 community. Using qualitative methods, we focused on: (a) change pathways, (b) organizational change outcomes, and (c) the factors which helped and hindered change outcomes. We found evidence of a paradigm shift in the values and related practices within the organizations. Our results and themes are discussed and aimed at understanding and integrating knowledge about organizational change and the empowerment-community integration paradigm in community mental health.
Évaluation Du Programme «les Préjugés … J'Connais Pas!» Auprès Des Jeunes De Secondaire V
Authors: Hébert Martine , Voyer Jean-Paul , Valois Daniel
Published: October 2014

Cet article présente les résultats de l'évaluation des effets d'un programme de sensibilisation visant è diminuer les préjugés envers les personnes ayant une maladie mentale et leurs proches chez les jeunes. L'étude a été réalisée selon un devis quasi-expérimental auprès de 16 classes d'élèves de secondaire V. Un groupe de 214 élèves participant au pro-gramme «Les préjugés . . . j'connais pas!» ont complété une mesure de connaissances, un questionnaire portant sur les attitudes face aux personnes éprouvant des désordres mentaux et un questionnaire visant è estimer la distance sociale. Ces élèves ont été comparés è un groupe témoin de 159 jeunes. Les résultats indiquent qu'au post-test, les élèves qui ont participé è l'atelier de sensibilisation obtiennent des scores plus élevés è la mesure de connaissances et rapportent entretenir des attitudes plus favorables è l'égard des personnes ayant des maladies mentales que les élèves du groupe témoin. Les données suggèrent de plus que les jeunes qui ont participé au programme démontrent mons de réticences è côtoyer les personnes éprouvant des problèmes de santé mentale majeurs que ceux et celles n'y ayant pas participé.
Le Suicide En Abitibi-Témiscamingue: Données Épidémiologiques Pour La Période 1992-1996
Authors: Caron Jean , Lévesque Maryse
Published: October 2014

La création d'un registre permanent sur le suicide a permis de réaliser une description quantitative du phénomène du suicide dans la région de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue pour la période 1992-1996. Elle porte sur 211 cas de suicide répertoriés par le Bureau du Coroner en chef du Québec. Une grille d'analyse de contenu des fichiers des coroners permet l'analyse de 87 variables potentiellement associées au suicide. Les résultats permettent de saisir l'évolution des taux de suicide dans la région en relation avec les taux du reste du Québec et de présenter les différences intrarégionales. Plusieurs variables se sont avêrées significativement reliées au suicide telles: le sexe, l'âge, la méthode, le lieu, etc. Une recension des recherches récentes sur le suicide è travers le monde est également présentée et permet de constater que dans l'ensemble, le profil du suicide de cette région du Québec s'apparente è celui qui prévaut ailleurs en Amérique du Nord et en Europe avec cependant certaines particularités.
L'Ailleurs Et L'Autrement Des Pratiques Communautaires En Santé Mentale Au Québec
Authors: Roberge Marie-Claude , White Deena
Published: October 2014

Dans cet article, nous cherchons è comprendre l'évolution des pratiques « ailleurs » et « autrement » que les ressources alternatives communautaires au Québec ont proné et pronent toujours. è cette fin, nous préciserons d'abord le sens et la signification des notions d'« ailleurs « et d'» autrement » dans le contexte de la transformation du système de santé mentale au Québec depuis 1989. Nous présenterons ensuite les résultats d'une recherche exploratoire effectuée entre 1997 et 1999 auprès de coordonnateurs/intervenants et coordonnatrices/intervenantes et de participants et participantes de 6 ressources communautaires en santé mentale d'un territoire sociosanitaire semi-urbain du Québec. Les résultats de cette recherche démontrent le bien-fondé de certaines craintes de « déradicalisation » des ressources alternatives en santé mentale. En effect, notre analyse suggère le déroulement d'un processus complexe comprenant è la fois la nature de l'insertion des alternatives dans le système public plus large, leurs dynamiques internes ainsi que les limites émergentes de la vision de l'» ailleurs « et de l'» autrement » qui les a guidé jusqu'è maintenant. Après plus de 20 ans d'existence, est-ce que le sens de l'ailleurs « et de l'autrement » en santé mentale au Québec est sur le point de se réinventer?
«Parfois, La Nuit, Je Crie Quand J'écris»: Stratégies D'existence Des P.V.P.
Authors: St-Amand Nérée
Published: October 2014

L'histoire de la psychiatrie a été écrite par des personnes qui l'ont observée bien plus que vécue. En effet, ce sont des gens qui ont analysé l'asile qui en ont décrit, depuis les années 1960 en particulier, les conditions et contradictions. Cet article se démarque de la littérature classique dans ce domaine en ce sens qu'il étudie quelques écrits des personnes ayant un vécu psychiatrique (p.v.p.) afin d'explorer le sens qui se dégage de leur parole et de leur expérience en psychiatrie. Suite è l'étude de 5 ressources en provenance du Québec, du Nouveau-Brunswick, de l'Ontario et du World Wide Web, l'auteur met en valeur certaines forces et stratégies d'existence décrites dans ces lieux d'écriture dirigés par les p.v.p.; il souligne du méme coup la riche diversité de leurs expressions. C'est tous les jours l'entraide entre nous, des menus services aux confidences, de la consolation è l'encouragement mutuel. Et de vivre ça jour après jour me convainquait de plus en plus que les vrais fous n'étaient pas ici è l'intérieur, mais dehors, en liberté, ceux qui par leur cruauté nous avaient rendus si malheureux. Nous n'étions pas malades mais simplement malheureux (SolidaritéPsychiatrie, 1984, p. 214).
Community Treatment Orders: Ethical Practice in an Era of Magical Thinking
Authors: Everett Barbara
Published: October 2014

With the passage of legislation in June 2000, coercive measures in the form of community treatment orders (CTOs) have become part of the community mental health landscape in Ontario. Given that community practitioners place a high value upon their ability to create voluntary and egalitarian partnerships with clients, the question of whether ethical practice is possible under conditions of legislated coercion is relevant. Based upon a review of the pro and con arguments that preceded CTO legislation, followed by an examination of available research on effectiveness, this paper suggests that forms of magical thinking have been at work on both sides of the CTO debate. A broader definition of coercion is proposed—one that envelops both overt and covert forms. Finally, the author offers an approach to ethical practice which is based on the use of transformative power rather than coercive power, and which includes a 3-step strategy (using liberation tactics, proactive contracting, and procedural justice).
The Long Term Impacts of Group Treatment for Partner Abuse
Authors: McGregor Marla , Tutty Leslie M. , Babins-Wagner Robbie , Gill Marlyn
Published: October 2014

This paper evaluates Responsible Choices for Men, a 14-week therapy group for abusive men based on feminist perspectives using narrative methods. Pre-test and post-test information was available for 76 program completers measuring physical and non-physical abuse, self-esteem, perceived stress, family relations, depression, assertiveness, and sex-role beliefs. The men significantly improved on all variables. A further focus was following up with 22 group members, contacted 5 to 28 months post treatment and asked to complete the same measures. The results indicated not only maintenance of the post-group changes, but continued improvement. Clinical implications and recommendations for group programming with abusive men are presented.
Internalized Homophobia: A Factor in Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide in the Gay and Lesbian Population
Authors: Igartua Karine J. , Gill Kathryn , Montoro Richard
Published: October 2014

Two-hundred and twenty participants recruited through multiple sampling strategies completed a self-report questionnaire examining: (a) whether internalized homophobia predicts depressive and anxious symptoms, suicide, and substance abuse; and (b) the periods of gay-identity development which were particularly risky for suicide. Results indicate that internalized homophobia, particularly negative feelings towards one's own homosexuality (as measured by the Self subscale of the Nungesser Homosexual Attitudes Inventory), accounts for 18% of the variance in depressive scores and 13% of anxiety scores (using the Beck inventories). Internalized homophobia did not predict suicide independently from depression. The period of greatest risk for both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was the period of disclosure of one's homosexuality to one's immediate family.
Questioning and Sexual Minority Adolescents: High School Experiences of Bullying, Sexual Harassment and Physical Abuse
Authors: Williams Trish , Connolly Jennifer , Pepler Debra , Craig Wendy
Published: October 2014

Using a subset of youth from a sample of 3,636 Canadian adolescents, the present study examined sexual orientation and victimization experiences in high school. A total of 130 adolescents indicated they were gay, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning their sexual orientation. Significantly more adolescents identified as bisexual (N = 50) or questioning (N = 68) than as gay or lesbian (N = 12). Sexual-minority and questioning youth were more likely than heterosexual youth to be victims of bullying, peer sexual harassment, and peer or dating-partner physical abuse. Implications of victimization on questioning and sexual-minority adolescents' mental health are discussed.
Factors Associated with Occupational Impairment in People Seeking Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Taylor Steven , Wald Jaye , Asmundson Gordon J.G.
Published: October 2014

Predictors of occupational impairment were assessed in 60 people seeking cognitive-behavioural treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was hypothesized that symptoms of reexperiencing, hyperarousal, and depression would predict work impairment because these symptoms are characterized by features that should interfere with work functioning (e.g., concentration difficulties, reduced motivation). These symptoms, and not other symptoms associated with PTSD, predicted occupational impairment. Treatment-related reductions in reexperiencing, hyperarousal, and depression were also correlated with treatment-related improvements in occupational functioning. Results suggest that occupational functioning might be improved by developing ways of better treating reexperiencing, hyperarousal, and depression in patients with PTSD.
Pharmacogenetic Variants and Plasma Concentrations of Antiseizure Drugs
Authors: Milosavljević Filip , Manojlović Marina , Matković Lena , Molden Espen , Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus , Leucht Stefan , Jukić Marin M.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Precise estimation of a patient’s drug metabolism capacity is important for antiseizure dose personalization.

Objective

To quantify the differences in plasma concentrations for antiseizure drugs associated with variants of genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes.

Data Sources

PubMed, Clinicaltrialsregister.eu, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and CENTRAL databases were screened for studies from January 1, 1990, to September 30, 2023, without language restrictions.

Study Selection

Two reviewers performed independent study screening and assessed the following inclusion criteria: appropriate genotyping was performed, genotype-based categorization into subgroups was possible, and each subgroup contained at least 3 participants.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed for data extraction and subsequent quality, validity, and risk-of-bias assessments. The results from the included studies were pooled with random-effect meta-analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Plasma concentrations of antiseizure drugs were quantified with the dose-normalized area under the concentration-time curve, the dose-normalized steady state concentration, or the concentrations after a single dose at standardized dose and sampling time. The ratio of the means was calculated by dividing the mean drug plasma concentrations of carriers and noncarriers of the pharmacogenetic variant.

Results

Data from 98 studies involving 12 543 adult participants treated with phenytoin, valproate, lamotrigine, or carbamazepine were analyzed. Studies were mainly conducted within East Asian (69 studies) or White or European (15 studies) cohorts. Significant increases of plasma concentrations compared with the reference subgroup were observed for phenytoin, by 46% (95% CI, 33%-61%) in CYP2C9 intermediate metabolizers, 20% (95% CI, 17%-30%) in CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers, and 39% (95% CI, 24%-56%) in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers; for valproate, by 12% (95% CI, 4%-20%) in CYP2C9 intermediate metabolizers, 12% (95% CI, 2%-24%) in CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers, and 20% (95% CI, 2%-41%) in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers; and for carbamazepine, by 12% (95% CI, 3%-22%) in CYP3A5 poor metabolizers.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review and meta-analysis found that CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes encoding low enzymatic capacity were associated with a clinically relevant increase in phenytoin plasma concentrations, several pharmacogenetic variants were associated with statistically significant but only marginally clinically relevant changes in valproate and carbamazepine plasma concentrations, and numerous pharmacogenetic variants were not associated with statistically significant differences in plasma concentrations of antiseizure drugs.
Traumatic Brain Injury, Seizures, and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults
Authors: Zhu Yiqi , Williams Jonathan , Beyene Kebede , Trani Jean-Francois , Babulal Ganesh M.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), seizures, and dementia increase with age. There is a gap in understanding the associations of TBI, seizures, and medications such as antiseizure and antipsychotics with the progression of cognitive impairment across racial and ethnic groups.

Objective

To investigate the association of TBI and seizures with the risk of cognitive impairment among cognitively normal older adults and the role of medications in moderating the association.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter cohort study was a secondary analysis of the Uniform Data Set collected between June 1, 2005, and June 30, 2020, from the National Alzheimer’s Coordination Center. Statistical analysis was performed from February 1 to April 3, 2024. Data were collected from participants from 36 Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers in the US who were 65 years or older at baseline, cognitively normal at baseline (Clinical Dementia Rating of 0 and no impairment based on a presumptive etiologic diagnosis of AD), and had complete information on race and ethnicity, age, sex, educational level, and apolipoprotein E genotype.

Exposure

Health history of TBI, seizures, or both conditions.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Progression to cognitive impairment measured by a Clinical Dementia Rating greater than 0.

Results

Among the cohort of 7180 older adults (median age, 74 years [range, 65-102 years]; 4729 women [65.9%]), 1036 were African American or Black (14.4%), 21 were American Indian or Alaska Native (0.3%), 143 were Asian (2.0%), 332 were Hispanic (4.6%), and 5648 were non-Hispanic White (78.7%); the median educational level was 16.0 years (range, 1.0-29.0 years). After adjustment for selection basis using propensity score weighting, seizure was associated with a 40% higher risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19-1.65), TBI with a 25% higher risk of cognitive impairment (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17-1.34), and both seizure and TBI were associated with a 57% higher risk (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.23-2.01). The interaction models indicated that Hispanic participants with TBI and seizures had a higher risk of cognitive impairment compared with other racial and ethnic groups. The use of antiseizure medications (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.99-1.53), antidepressants (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.17-1.50), and antipsychotics (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.18-3.89) was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, while anxiolytic, sedative, or hypnotic use (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94) was associated with a lower risk.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study highlights the importance of addressing TBI and seizures as risk factors for cognitive impairment among older adults. Addressing the broader social determinants of health and bridging the health divide across various racial and ethnic groups are essential for the comprehensive management and prevention of dementia.
Clinician Knowledge and Attitudes About Climate Change and Health After a Quality Incentive Program
Authors: Armand Wynne , Padget Michael , Pinsky Elizabeth , Wasfy Jason H. , Slutzman Jonathan E. , Duhaime Ann-Christine
Published: August 2024

Importance

Climate change is a fundamental threat to human health, and industries, including health care, must assess their respective contribution to this crisis.

Objective

To assess the change in knowledge of clinicians who completed a quality incentive program (QIP) measure on climate change and health care sustainability and to examine clinician attitudes toward climate change and their perception of clinical and individual relevance.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The participants in this survey study included employed physicians and psychologists who were part of a hospital physician organization in an academic medical center (AMC) in Boston, Massachusetts. The hospital physician organization provides a QIP with different measures every 6 months and provides incentive payments on completion. The study is based on a survey of participants on completion of a QIP measure focused on climate change and health care sustainability offered from July 2023 through September 2023 at the AMC.

Exposure

Structured educational video modules.

Main Outcomes and Measures

After completion of the modules, the participants reported their baseline and postintervention knowledge on climate change impacts on health and health care sustainability, perceived relevance of the material, and attitudes toward the modules using 5-point Likert scales and free-text comments. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable analyses including participant age, gender, and practice specialty.

Results

Of the 2559 eligible clinicians, 2417 (94.5%) (mean [SD] age, 48.9 [11.5] years; range, 29-85 years; 1244 males [51.5%]) participated in the measure and completed the survey. Among these participants, 1767 (73.1%) thought the modules were relevant or very relevant to their lives and 1580 (65.4%) found the modules relevant or very relevant to their clinical practice. Age was not associated with responses. Practitioners in specialties classified as climate facing were more likely to think that the education was relevant to their clinical practice compared with those in non–climate-facing specialties (mean [SD] score, 3.76 [1.19] vs 3.61 [1.26]; P = .005). Practitioners identifying as female were also more likely to consider this education as relevant to their clinical practice compared with male practitioners (mean [SD] score, 3.82 [1.17] vs 3.56 [1.27]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study, a high proportion of clinicians expressed positive attitudes toward education in climate change and health and health care sustainability, with some demographic and specialty variability. These data support that climate and health education in AMCs provides information that practitioners see as relevant and important.
Exploring Direct Electrochemical Fischer–Tropsch Chemistry of C1–C7 Hydrocarbons via Perimeter Engineering of Au–SrTiO3 Catalyst
Authors: Yang Ju Hyun , Sim Gi Beom , Park So Jeong , Rhee Choong Kyun , Myung Chang Woo , Sohn Youngku
Published: August 2024

Traditionally, Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is performed using thermal catalysts and syngas (CO and H2) under high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. However, this study introduces an approach that relies on FT chemistry assisted by electrochemistry, referred to here as direct electrochemical (EC) FT chemistry, under ambient conditions. A series of CH4, CnH2n, and CnH2n+2 hydrocarbons (n = 1–7) is successfully produced over gold (Au) nanoparticle‐loaded perovskite strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanostructures grown on rutile TiO2 supported on Ti. Au (1.0 nm)–SrTiO3 shows the best interface formation, with the highest Faradaic efficiency for C2+ hydrocarbons. This direct EC‐FT process proceeds via a C─C coupling chain growth reaction at the Au‐SrTiO3 interface as evidenced by the hydrocarbon weight distribution analysis and density functional theory calculations. The robust combination of experimental and computational findings reveals that optimum conditions for producing surface hydrogenation and C─C coupling polymerization, initiated by surface *CO and *H are achieved by controlling the undercoordinated Au at the perimeter sites of supported Au nanoparticles and by ensuring a harmonized density of states between Au and SrTiO3. This EC‐FT process opens a promising avenue for the direct conversion of CO2 and H2O into value‐added long‐chain hydrocarbons.
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Xiao Cissy , Tamura Manjula Kurella , Pan Yang , Rao Varun , Missikpode Celestin , Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Nakao Tetsushi , Sun Xiao , Li Changwei , Huang Zhijie , Anderson Amanda , Uddin Md Mesbah , Kim Do‐Kyun , Taliercio Jonathan , Deo Rajat , Bhat Zeenat , Xie Dawei , Rao Panduranga , Chen Jing , Lash James P. , He Jiang , Natarajan Pradeep , Hixson James E. , Yaffe Kristine , Kelly Tanika N. ,   CRIC Study Investigators
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and dementia disproportionately burden patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between CHIP and cognitive impairment in CKD patients is unknown.

METHODS

We conducted time‐to‐event analyses in up to 1452 older adults with CKD from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort who underwent CHIP gene sequencing. Cognition was assessed using four validated tests in up to 6 years mean follow‐up time. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a test score one standard deviation below the baseline mean.

RESULTS

Compared to non‐carriers, CHIP carriers were markedly less likely to experience impairment in attention (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 0.44 [0.26, 0.76], p = 0.003) and executive function (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.60 [0.37, 0.97], p = 0.04). There were no significant associations between CHIP and impairment in global cognition or verbal memory.

DISCUSSION

CHIP was associated with lower risks of impairment in attention and executive function among CKD patients.

Highlights

Our study is the first to examine the role of CHIP in cognitive decline in CKD.

CHIP markedly decreased the risk of impairment in attention and executive function.

CHIP was not associated with impairment in global cognition or verbal memory.
Manage student‐athlete transfers more effectively by following best practices for compliance
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2024

LAS VEGAS — Ever since the creation of the NCAA transfer portal in 2018, a growing amount of questions have arisen around compliance related to transfers, recruitment, and eligibility.
Professor studies race & gender in sports & society
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: August 2024

Women's sports pundits and others who jumped on the women's sports bandwagon have been assessing Caitlin Clark's impact on women's basketball and women's sports in general. It's an interesting discussion for scholars who study sports, gender, and society, like Lindsey Darvin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Management in the David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics at Syracuse University.
Inhibition of Lysosomal Cathepsin A and Neuraminidase 1 Interaction by Anti‐obesity Cyclic Peptide
Authors: Kita Masaki , Sun Yiting , Dakiiwa Ayumi , Zhang Menghua , Shibata Takahiro
Published: August 2024

Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Novel small molecules targeting adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation offer potential for new anti‐inflammatory and anti‐obesity drugs. Here we show that the marine cyclic heptapeptide stylissatin A and its analogs (SAs) inhibit membranous neuraminidase 1 (Neu1) function by interacting with lysosomal protective protein cathepsin A (PPCA). Neu1 has been less explored as a therapeutic target due to the genetic defects leading to neurodegenerative disorders. However, unlike traditional neuraminidase inhibitors, SAs don't directly bind to Neu1 but modulate the molecular chaperone activity of PPCA. SAs caused degradation of perilipin 1 around lipid droplets and inhibited fat accumulation, along with decrease in membranous Neu1. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that SAs interacted with activated PPCA at the Neu1 binding site. Focusing on this newfound protein–protein interaction inhibition mechanism could lead to the development of pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects.
Optimisation of the Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme – A prospective intervention study
Authors: Gravholt Esther Agnethe Ejskjær , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Holm Charlotte , Petersen Jesper , Nardo‐Marino Amina , Mottelson Mathis , Glenthøj Andreas
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme offers screening to at‐risk pregnant women. Despite efforts to increase awareness of the screening programme, most women in the target population remain unscreened. In contrast, > 90% of pregnant women in Denmark attend a screening for chromosomal abnormalities by combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS).

Methods

This study aimed to improve adherence to the Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme by offering screening to at‐risk unscreened pregnant women in relation to their cFTS.

Results

During a 27‐week intervention period, 3254 women attended cFTS at Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager Hvidovre Hospital. Of these, 938 women (28.8%) were identified as at risk of carrying haemoglobinopathy variants based on their ethnic origins. Of the 938 women at risk, 539 (57.5%) were unscreened prior to their cFTS and were targeted for the intervention. These women were contacted with an offer of haemoglobinopathy screening. Subsequently, 253/539 (46.9%) of the at‐risk unscreened women were tested for haemoglobinopathies, of these 4/253 (1.6%) carried haemoglobinopathy variants necessitating partner screening. No partners carried haemoglobinopathy variants necessitating testing of the fetus.

Conclusion

The study increased the proportion of at‐risk pregnant women tested for haemoglobinopathies from 42.5% to 69.5% and made haemoglobinopathy screening more readily available to women attending cFTS.
Dynamically Reconfigurable Micro‐Patterned Hydrogels Based on Magnetic Pickering Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Escribano‐Huesca Alfredo , Gila‐Vilchez Cristina , Amaro‐da‐Cruz Alba , Leon‐Cecilla Alberto , Palomo Mikel G. , Ortiz‐Ruiz Sergio , Ruiz Francisco G. , Moya‐Ramirez Ignacio , Lopez‐Lopez Modesto T. , Rodriguez‐Arco Laura
Published: August 2024

Reconfigurability within hydrogels has emerged as an attractive functionality that can be used in information encryption, cargo/delivery, environmental remediation, soft robotics, and medicine. Here micro‐patterned polymer hydrogels capable of temperature‐dependent reconfigurability are fabricated. For this, the hydrogels are provided with micron‐sized Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by magnetic particles, which are capable of harnessing energy from external force fields. The droplets can both migrate under magnetic field gradients and heat the environment when laser irradiated. These functions not only affect a single compartment but have higher‐order effects on the mesoscale, thanks to the temperature‐responsiveness of the polymeric network. This double responsiveness is exploited to control the spatial organization of hundreds of droplets within the hydrogel matrix and form predesigned and sophisticated patterns. Furthermore, pattern self‐reconfiguration driven by the droplets themselves upon laser irradiation is induced. Finally, we show that due to their internal liquid phase, the droplets can be used as reservoirs of hydrophobic nutrients for living cells (i.e., Yarrowia lipolytica yeast) in the solid‐like environment of the polymeric network, and demonstrate communication between the droplets and the cells to facilitate nutrient uptake. Altogether, the results provide opportunities for the development of stimuli‐sensitive polymer hydrogels with post‐synthesis reprogrammable response using micro‐compartments as building blocks.
Single simple question in axonal polyneuropathy
Authors: Bhandari Vinaya , Abraham Alon , Lovblom Leif E. , Bril Vera
Published: August 2024

Introduction/Aims

The single simple question (SSQ), “What percentage of normal (0%–100%) do you feel regarding your disease?” has proven feasible and valid in assessing myasthenia gravis and a heterogeneous spectrum of neuropathies. This study explores the utility of the SSQ in axonal polyneuropathies (PNPs), encompassing diabetic neuropathy, and evaluates its responsiveness to scale changes.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 150 patients with axonal PNP responding to the SSQ was performed. Patients underwent clinical and electrophysiological evaluations, and were evaluated by clinical and disability scales, including the Medical Research Council sum score, modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy score (mTCNS), Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale, and Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (RODS).

Results

The SSQ total scores correlated moderately with both the RODS score (r = .59, p < .001) and the mTCNS symptom score (r = −.43, p < .001), maintaining significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Longitudinally, after adjusting for multiple comparisons, the change in mTCNS symptom score retained statistical significance (adjusted p = .048). The SSQ did not show any association with electrophysiological parameters or sensory symptoms, other than a lower score in those with pain (100% with SSQ <40%, 85% with SSQ 40%–70%, and 34% with SSQ >70%).

Discussion

The SSQ is a feasible, valid scale that may be utilized to assess and follow patients with length‐dependent axonal PNPs. Given that the SSQ is not strongly associated with clinical and disability scales or electrophysiological findings, additional investigations are required for a comprehensive assessment of PNP.
Defect Engineering: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Two‐Dimensional Mo1.74CTz MXene
Authors: Ronchi Rodrigo M. , Halim Joseph , Chen Ningjun , Persson Per O. Å. , Rosen Johanna
Published: August 2024

The creation of vacancies and/or pores into two‐dimensional materials, like graphene and MXenes, has shown to increase their performance for sustainable applications. However, a simple and affordable method with controlled and tailorable vacancy concentration and/or pores size remains challenging. Herein, a simple and reproducible method is presented for controlled synthesis of Mo1.74CTz MXene with randomly distributed vacancies and pores, obtained from selective etching of both Ga and Cr in the Cr‐alloyed MAX‐phase like precursor Mo1.74Cr0.26Ga2C. Structural and compositional analysis of the 3D alloy show ≈13% Cr on the metal site, homogeneously distributed between different particles and within the atomic structure. After etching, it translates to Mo1.74CTz MXene, exhibiting defect‐rich sheets. Notably, the incorporation of Cr facilitates a shorter etching time with an improved yield compared to Mo2CTz. The Mo1.74CTz MXene displays excellent electrochemical properties, almost doubling the capacitance values (1152 F cm−3 and 297 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 scan rate), compared to its pristine counterpart Mo2CTz. The presented method and obtained results suggest defect engineering of MXenes through precursor alloying as a pathway that can be generalized to other phases, to further improve their properties for various applications.
Nanocomposite Strategy toward Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Bismuth Telluride
Authors: Zhuang Hua‐Lu , Yu Jincheng , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: August 2024

Bismuth telluride‐based thermoelectric (TE) materials have been commercially applied in near‐room temperature refrigeration. However, enhancing their TE performance remains crucial for expanding their application fields. Nanocomposite strategy has been widely reported as an effective approach to improving the TE performance of bismuth telluride‐based materials. In this review, the nanoinclusions are categorized into different groups, including nonmetallic hard nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, compounds with low thermal conductivity, and low‐dimensional materials. A comprehensive overview of relevant researches and present typical cases and recent advancements is provided. It is worth noting that nonmetallic hard nanoparticles are most widely used for reinforcing bismuth telluride‐based materials; the noticeable enhancement can be attributed to the interfaces that induce phonon scattering to reduce lattice thermal conductivity as well as multiple scattering effects along with energy filtering to increase the Seebeck coefficient. Although there exist challenges in terms of interface characterization and dispersion improvement for nanoinclusions, it is undeniable that the nanocomposite strategy offers a viable pathway to enhance the TE performance of bismuth telluride‐based materials. Therefore, further exploration in this direction is warranted to promote the development and application of TE technology at near‐room temperature.
Recursive Focus Prosody
Authors: Ishihara Shinichiro , van de Weijer Joost
Published: August 2024

This chapter presents the results of a production experiment testing the recursivity of prosodic realization of focus in Tokyo Japanese. Tokyo Japanese wh-questions obligatorily exhibit focus prosody, which starts from a wh-phrase (WH) and continues until the question particle (Q) that binds the wh-phrase (Deguchi & Kitagawa, 2002; Ishihara, 2002, 2003). The current study examines the case where one WH–Q dependency is embedded inside the scope of another WH–Q dependency (namely, a matrix wh-question containing an indirect wh-question, e.g., Who remembers what John drank?). The results confirmed a claim that focus prosody can be realized recursively, while they also showed inter-speaker variation as to the availability of such recursive focus prosody. The chapter discusses the results’ implications for the theoretical analysis of recursivity of prosodic structure as well as recursivity of information structure.
Healing chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia using mepolizumab alone without corticosteroids
Authors: Moritz Katharina , Amelunxen Carolina , Bergmann Michael , Vafai-Tabrizi Florian , Funk Georg-Christian
Published: August 2024

While glucocorticoids remain the standard first-line treatment for chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia (CIEP), the long-term use is marred by significant side effects. This case study explores the effectiveness of mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin‑5 (IL-5) monoclonal antibody, as a novel corticosteroid-free alternative in treating CIEP. A 50-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of progressive shortness of breath, dry cough and night sweats. The blood tests showed eosinophilia, and chest radiography identified lung consolidations. The CIEP was confirmed, ruling out other conditions through a detailed clinical and bronchoscopic work-up. The patient declined to be treated with systemic glucocorticoids. Treatment with mepolizumab was remarkable for effectively resolving symptoms and improving radiological findings without any prior or concurrent glucocorticoid therapy. Notably, the patient remained relapse-free over a 2-year follow-up, underscoring mepolizumab’s efficacy as a corticosteroid-free treatment for CIEP. This case study calls for further research into anti-IL‑5 treatment of rare respiratory conditions.
A time-stepping DRBEM for nonlinear fractional sub-diffusion bio-heat ultrasonic wave propagation problems during electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour
Published: August 2024

The main aim of this study is to develop a new DRBEM methodology for solving nonlinear fractional sub-diffusion bio-heat ultrasonic wave propagation problems during electromagnetic radiation. To remove domain integrals from the boundary integral equation, the DRBEM is employed. The Riemann–Liouville interpretation also discusses the time-fractional derivatives of concerns. The nonlinear, inhomogeneous, and temporal derivative terms were interpolated using the linear radial basis functions (RBFs). To attain high accuracy when solving nonlinear equations, we developed an implicit time-stepping scheme that dealt with the nonlinear term in each time step. DRBEM does not require mesh construction, making it appropriate for dealing with problems in complicated environments. Numerical results from the literature are used to demonstrate the correctness and utility of the proposed technique. The DRBEM technique and the FDM solution yield similar results. Our numerical findings further indicate the practicality of the proposed methodology.
Typology of smallholder maize farmers in South-Kivu, Eastern D.R. Congo: implications in improving farming practices and markets
Authors: Ndeko Adrien Byamungu , Chuma Géant Basimine , Cokola Marcellin Cuma , Mondo Jean Mubalama , Mugumaarhahama Yannick , Basengere Espoir Bisimwa , Civava René , Mushagalusa Gustave Nachigera
Published: August 2024

Understanding the typology of smallholder maize farmers is crucial to elucidate the diversity in local farming systems, and therefore, devise effective interventions and policies that maximize the impact of agricultural innovations in South-Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed at characterizing maize farmers in South-Kivu province and clustering them based on various socioeconomic and agronomic factors to identify specific production constraints and devise more effective interventions. A household survey among 300 South-Kivu maize farmers allowed to identify four distinct clusters based on farm size, land use, income, and agricultural technology adoption. The clusters ranged from resource-poor smallholder (Types 1 and 2) to medium-resource semi-innovative producers (Type 3) and highly equipped innovative farmers (Type 4). Key discriminative factors included total farm size, maize farm size, farming experience, access to agricultural credit, income, and innovation adoption rate. This study revealed specific constraints for each cluster, including low soil fertility, poor weed management, low market access, and labor scarcity. This study’s findings demonstrate the value of farm typology in guiding targeted interventions to address specific constraints and improve maize productivity, and suggest specific strategic directions for research and development projects in rural areas of the South-Kivu province.
How Happy Is Happy Enough?
Authors: Bonnin Gabriel , Hirschfeld Gerrit , von Brachel Ruth , Margraf Jürgen
Published: August 2024

Abstract: As positive mental health (PMH) has a significant impact on general and mental health, it is an important target for interventions. Cut points are a useful basis for identifying participants with a greater need for such interventions. Representative ( n = 9,440) and student ( n = 22,833) samples from Germany, Russia, the US, and China were reanalyzed. Two different anchors were used to determine optimal cut points for the PMH-scale: (1) a combined measure of PMH-related questionnaires and (2) the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). A kernel-based method to determine optimal cut points and bootstrapping to identify potential cross-cultural differences were used. Acceptable to excellent levels of classification accuracy were found regarding the combined measure (AUCs between .75 and .87) across all samples. Using the GAF resulted in poor discriminatory power (AUC = .69). Optimal cut points varied systematically between countries and samples. Country and sample-specific cut points for the PMH scale should be used to identify individuals with high versus low levels of PMH. Specifically, we suggest using cut points of 21, 22, and 24 in Germany, Russia, and the US, respectively. For student samples, we recommend cut points of 18, 19, and 20 in Germany, Russia, and China, respectively.
Trait- and State-Aspects of Procrastination and Their Relation to Study Satisfaction
Authors: Koppenborg Markus , Ebert Anna , Klingsieck Katrin B.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Research differentiates between procrastination as a trait and as a state. While trait procrastination implies cross-temporal stability, state procrastination denotes an episode in which a particular task is procrastinated, therefore implying cross-temporal variability. However, it is unclear whether trait procrastination scales (i) capture temporal-variable variance components (i.e., state procrastination), and (ii) how trait and state are differentially related to other variables commonly associated with procrastination. Latent state-trait modeling was used to separate stable from temporal-variable variance components of a common trait procrastination measure and to relate both facets of procrastination to satisfaction with the studies as an example for related variables. Student participants ( N = 194) filled out the five-item short version of the General Procrastination Scale (GPS; Klein et al., 2019 ) three times with 12-month intervals between each measurement. Results confirm that GPS scores reflect stable components of procrastination to a larger extent than temporal-variable variance components. And they demonstrate that variable procrastination correlates more strongly with study satisfaction, as compared to stable procrastination. These results may inspire research to specify how far correlates of procrastination pertain to trait procrastination, state procrastination, or both.