bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enteritis por Salmonella: reporte de caso en paciente de 11 años
Authors: Méndez Bizarrón Dalia Victoria , Vásquez Santander Inés Zoraya , Cerna Cardona Jony , Martínez Galindo Ma. Guadalupe , Serrano Bello Carlos , Segura Solis Emma
Published: March 2023

Salmonella Typhi es un bacilo gram-negativo que causa fiebre tifoidea y está asociado a complicaciones como hemorragia gastrointestinal, la cual se debe a erosiones de vasos adyacentes a las úlceras. El sitio más común de hemorragia gastrointestinal es el íleon terminal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con fiebre tifoidea que desarrollo hematoquezia severa y úlceras en íleon terminal y colon ascendente las cuales fueron manejadas de forma conservadora.
Alcalosis respiratoria, Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Urgiles Rivas Marco Vinicio , Campoverde Loja Samantha Dennís , Peñaloza Minchala Stephany Guadalupe , Rivera Ortiz Jennifer Maribel
Published: March 2023

Introducción: La alcalosis respiratoria es un trastorno ácido-base que se caracteriza por la disminución de la PaCO2, acompañada de un descenso del bicarbonato (HCO3) en sangre, al haber una eliminación produce la síntesis de H2CO3, junto a bajos niveles de iones de hidrógeno, por ende, aumenta el pH. Objetivo: Realizar una investigación sobre la alcalosis respiratoria relacionada al equilibrio acido-básico de pacientes en cuidados intensivos Metodología: La investigación se basa en fuentes bibliográficas actualizadas obtenidas de diferentes bases de datos como Pudmed, Oxford, Redalyc, Nature, y la plataforma Google Scholar. Resultados: En base al estudio realizado se identificó que este trastorno se produce principalmente como mecanismo de compensación de un trastorno primario, como consecuencia de ello se presentan las diversas manifestaciones clínicas. Conclusiones: La alcalosis respiratoria tiene diversas etiologías, incluso podría llevar a la muerte en casos severos; claro está que el tratamiento dependerá de la causa que lo origina.
PENGUATAN LITERASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DESA WONOKROMO LAMONGAN
Authors: Sutikno  , Siti Musarofah  , Yanuangga Galahatlambang  , Eli Indira  , Mochammad Kholilurrahman
Published: March 2023

Literacy learning has the main goal of providing opportunities or opportunities for the community to develop themselves. The purpose of this service is a form of effort to develop human resources (HR) in Wonorejo Village. The subjects of service in the field of educational literacy are the students of SDN 1 Wonokromo and the subjects of service in the field of religion are the children of the Wonorejo Hamlet TPQ. the implementation of this service, the team uses the cooperative learning method. The participants were very enthusiastic and enthusiastic in participating in every activity in this learning. They really pay close attention to every explanation given. A pleasant learning atmosphere is able to encourage participants in literacy.
Pelatihan WhatsApp Business: Meningkatkan Efisiensi dan Kinerja Bank Sampah Sakura Palembang
Authors: M Arief Rahman  , Rika Sadariawati  , Alem Pameli  , Fitrianto Puja Kesuma
Published: March 2023

WhatsApp Business training has been conducted to improve the quality of management of Sakura Waste Bank Palembang. This activity aims to train managers and employees in operating and using the WhatsApp Business application in daily activities. The results of the training showed that participants were satisfied and able to apply the knowledge gained. It is hoped that this training can positively contribute to improving the efficiency and performance of Sakura Waste Bank
Construcción de una escala para conocer la intención de abandono por efectos del estrés laboral
Authors: Tamayo Contreras Porfirio , Padilla Contreras Mireya Isela
Published: March 2023

La intención de abandono, considerada como un precedente de la rotación de personal, atrae a los investigadores; algunos análisis centran su atención en las relaciones directas entre el estrés laboral y la rotación de personal, así como sus diversas consecuencias organizacionales. Otros consideran el papel mediador de la intención de abandono como precursor de la rotación de personal a través del estrés. El objetivo de esta investigación es el diseño y prueba de un cuestionario para conocer la intención de abandono como resultado de las consecuencias del estrés laboral en los trabajadores que desempeñan cargos administrativos y directivos en la industria del calzado de la ciudad de León, Guanajuato, México desde un enfoque factorial, en una muestra de 898 directores en la industria de León. Los resultados muestran dos factores que influyen en la intención de abandono: efectos del estrés con tres áreas: psicológica, de motor y de conducta; y signos del estrés. La correlación de estos factores con la intención de abandono fue significativa.
nutrición como sincronizador del sistema circadiano
Authors: Rucobo Gurrola Luis Rosendo
Published: March 2023

La nutrición es uno de los procesos más importantes para el mantenimiento de la vida en los seres vivos, ya que comprende los mecanismos adecuados para la obtención de nutrientes, siendo uno de los campos más importantes de la salud, especialmente en los estilos de vida y su aplicación en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de diversas enfermedades. Sin embargo, actualmente hay campos que aún no han sido analizados del todo en este ámbito, tal es el caso de la influencia que ejerce la nutrición sobre el sistema circadiano y la influencia de este con aquella. En el presente ensayo se abordan temas que aproximen al lector a los conceptos básicos de cronobiología y su posible aplicación al campo de la salud, siendo más específico al de la nutrición; además se presentan algunos de los avances en este campo e incluso las sugerencias para la salud circadiana que mencionan los diferentes autores.
La intervención norteamericana en Chile, el golpe de Estado y la dictadura militar
Authors: Carrera Espinosa Carolina
Published: March 2023

Esta investigación busca denunciar, cronológicamente, el acontecer de las intromisiones norteamericanas en el territorio chileno y cómo se lograron materializar en una dictadura militar. De igual manera, pretende ayudar a entender cómo Estados Unidos, más allá de su poder duro, logra implementar su ideología y sus teorías político–económicas en el entendido social de un país, para su beneficio propio.
Apuntes sobre homicidio
Authors: Díaz Román Mario Pavel
Published: March 2023

El crimen es una constante en toda formación social, por lo tanto, se ha abordado y conceptualizado desde distintas perspectivas epistemológicas. Aquí se propone, a partir del homicidio como mejor observable empírico, un estudio diferencial del delito para la Ciudad de México basado en el uso de los cuadrantes policiales, como mejor escala de análisis, pues, teóricamente, es posible explicar de manera adecuada la variación en la concentración del delito según su unidad de análisis; es decir, a menor escala, desagregada territorialmente, es posible observar con mayor claridad la distribución del delito.
no lugares como espacios que posibilitan la reconexión social
Authors: Bonilla Olmos Juan
Published: March 2023

El programa arquitectónico de las Centrales de Transferencia y Estaciones Nodales del Sistema Integral de Transporte (SIT), del Municipio de León, Guanajuato, podría complementarse con espacios destinados al esparcimiento. Esto permitiría ofrecer lugares para el encuentro social y la apropiación del espacio público, en beneficio de la comunidad leonesa.
Função executiva em crianças nascidas pré-termo na fase pré-escolar
Authors: Cruvinel Sandoval Carolina , Gaspardo Cláudia Maria , Martins Linhares Maria Beatriz
Published: March 2023

A prematuridade pode alterar a regulação dos processos fisiológicos, emocionais e comportamentais, levando a alterações no desenvolvimento das funções executivas. O estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a função executiva de crianças nascidas pré-termo na fase pré-escolar. A amostra incluiu 23 crianças nascidas pré-termo de cinco a seis anos. A função executiva foi avaliada pelos Teste dos Cinco Dígitos (FDT) e Trilhas para Pré-escolares (TTP) e subtestes Dígitos e Sequências de Letras e Números da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (WISC-IV). Os resultados mostraram que as crianças apresentaram desempenho na média nas avaliações da função executiva, em memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva (FDT). Entretanto, verificou-se que 74% das crianças apresentaram dificuldades na flexibilidade cognitiva (TTP), aos cinco e seis anos, e 50% no controle inibitório aos seis anos. Programas de seguimento de crianças nascidas pré-termo devem promover o desenvolvimento da função executiva, que apresenta associação com futuro desempenho escolar.
Refleksi Penafsiran Ayat-ayat Dakwah Thomas McElwain
Authors: Muhamad
Published: March 2023

Obyek atau sasaran dakwah (mad’u) pada dasarnya selalu tersegmentasi, baik di kalangan muslim maupun dengan non-muslim. Artikel ini berupaya mengeksplorasi pemikiran Thomas McElwain, pakar kajian Ibrani dan Semit terhadap ayat-ayat dakwah dalam konteks ahlul kitab. Metode yang digunakan adalah telaah pemikiran dengan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis) dengan pendekatan tekstual. Dalam konteks tafsir, temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep akar dakwah atau root of da’wa adalah manifestasi dari berbagai variasi impresi redaksi ayat al-Quran dan keragaman sinonim term “dakwah”. Pendekatan tematik yang digunakan McElwain didukung oleh pemahaman dan pengalamannya dalam berinteraksi dengan ahlul kitab. McElwain mengungkapkan bahwa porsi dakwah cukup banyak diisyaratkan dalam al-Quran berkaitan dengan ahlul kitab. Selanjutnya lima point akar dakwah kepada Ahli Kitab merupakan konsep fundamental dan harus dipertimbangkan dalam setiap situasi dakwah.
La « question » de la réserve héréditaire : retour sur un psychodrame franco-français
Authors: Fulchiron Hugues
Published: March 2023

La question de la réserve héréditaire accordée aux enfants en droit français fait, depuis quelques années l’objet de vives controverses : certains la contestent au nom de la liberté individuelle, d’autres affirment qu’elle est au coeur des solidarités entre générations. Au-delà des arguments pro et contra, les débats autour de la réserve sont le révélateur d’évolutions plus profondes : évolution des relations au sein de la famille et des relations entre famille et société, d’une part, évolutions du droit, d’autre part, dans ses sources, de plus en plus européennes et internationales, et dans ses acteurs, avec un rééquilibrage des rapports entre le juge (juge national, européen et international) et le législateur.
That Our Children So May Grow : Imagining Legal Agency for Children
Authors: Van Praagh Shauna , Ménard Jean-Frédéric , Elsherif Efat , Koper Natalia
Published: March 2023

The authors invite innovative engagement with the notion and exercise of children’s agency through work situated within the context of the Children’s International Summer Villages camp and theoretically grounded in both childhood studies and critical legal pluralism. By exploring campers’ participation in activities infused with law-related issues, the paper suggests that children can be understood as creators of law and thus as significant legal agents.
Learning predictive cognitive maps with spiking neurons during behavior and replays
Authors: Bono Jacopo , Zannone Sara , Pedrosa Victor , Clopath Claudia
Published: March 2023

The hippocampus has been proposed to encode environments using a representation that contains predictive information about likely future states, called the successor representation. However, it is not clear how such a representation could be learned in the hippocampal circuit. Here, we propose a plasticity rule that can learn this predictive map of the environment using a spiking neural network. We connect this biologically plausible plasticity rule to reinforcement learning, mathematically and numerically showing that it implements the TD-lambda algorithm. By spanning these different levels, we show how our framework naturally encompasses behavioral activity and replays, smoothly moving from rate to temporal coding, and allows learning over behavioral timescales with a plasticity rule acting on a timescale of milliseconds. We discuss how biological parameters such as dwelling times at states, neuronal firing rates and neuromodulation relate to the delay discounting parameter of the TD algorithm, and how they influence the learned representation. We also find that, in agreement with psychological studies and contrary to reinforcement learning theory, the discount factor decreases hyperbolically with time. Finally, our framework suggests a role for replays, in both aiding learning in novel environments and finding shortcut trajectories that were not experienced during behavior, in agreement with experimental data.
Analysis of CDPK1 targets identifies a trafficking adaptor complex that regulates microneme exocytosis in Toxoplasma
Authors: Chan Alex W , Broncel Malgorzata , Yifrach Eden , Haseley Nicole R , Chakladar Sundeep , Andree Elena , Herneisen Alice L , Shortt Emily , Treeck Moritz , Lourido Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Apicomplexan parasites use Ca2+-regulated exocytosis to secrete essential virulence factors from specialized organelles called micronemes. Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are required for microneme exocytosis; however, the molecular events that regulate trafficking and fusion of micronemes with the plasma membrane remain unresolved. Here, we combine sub-minute resolution phosphoproteomics and bio-orthogonal labeling of kinase substrates in Toxoplasma gondii to identify 163 proteins phosphorylated in a CDPK1-dependent manner. In addition to known regulators of secretion, we identify uncharacterized targets with predicted functions across signaling, gene expression, trafficking, metabolism, and ion homeostasis. One of the CDPK1 targets is a putative HOOK activating adaptor. In other eukaryotes, HOOK homologs form the FHF complex with FTS and FHIP to activate dynein-mediated trafficking of endosomes along microtubules. We show the FHF complex is partially conserved in T. gondii, consisting of HOOK, an FTS homolog, and two parasite-specific proteins (TGGT1_306920 and TGGT1_316650). CDPK1 kinase activity and HOOK are required for the rapid apical trafficking of micronemes as parasites initiate motility. Moreover, parasites lacking HOOK or FTS display impaired microneme protein secretion, leading to a block in the invasion of host cells. Taken together, our work provides a comprehensive catalog of CDPK1 targets and reveals how vesicular trafficking has been tuned to support a parasitic lifestyle.
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa in a 30-day-old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Bisen Pratima , Baheti Sumeet , Nagre Amol , Nayak Chitra , Wade Poonam
Published: March 2023

Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of hereditary mechanobullous disorders which are associated with appearance of bullae secondary to physical stress like heat or mechanical trauma or sometimes without any trigger. There are four major subtypes: Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS), Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB), Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB) and Kindler syndrome. Diagnosis is by skin biopsy histopathology, immunofluorescence staining and genetic testing. The treatment is mainly supportive consisting of avoiding trauma, good skin care and careful wound management. A rare case of JEB in an infant is being presented here. A 30-day-old male child presented with fluid filled blisters and multiple raw areas over the fingers, buttocks, legs, scalp and elbow. Nail changes were also present. Crusting was present over some lesions. Skin histopathological and immunofluorescence studies were done. Final diagnosis of JEB was made and patient was managed with supportive management. Minimal handling and strict asepsis were advised to the parents. The patient was discharged and prognosis was explained to them. The child was not brought for regular follow-up and he died at four months of age.
Recent Trends of Quantitative Approaches in Different Sectors: A Concise Review
Authors: Vijayendra Kumar , Fantone An
Published: March 2023

The approaches and methods used in qualitative and quantitative research represent various research strategies and have diverse theoretical, epistemological, and ontological concerns. Every strategy will depend on how the researchers gather and analyze their data. It is important to use caution when doing research on problem-solving lessons in secondary scientific education to prevent bias in the collection and interpretation of data. Despite the fact that both methods are employed by academics, the quantitative technique is more popular because of its strengths and qualities. To measure actions, views, attitudes, and other characteristics and draw generalizations from a larger population, quantitative research is utilized. In order to express facts and identify trends in study, quantitative research uses quantifiable data. When conducting this kind of research, results are derived using statistical and mathematical tools. This review article focuses on the basic terminologies of quantitative research, its applications in various sectors and reasons why quantitative research approaches surpass qualitative research methods.
The Effect of Using Waste Automobile Tires and Palm Kernel Shells as Coarse Aggregates in Concrete on Tensile Strength and Failure Modes
Authors: Boateng Eric , Kankam Charles K. , Danso Anthony K. , Ayarkwa Joshua , Acheampong Alex
Published: March 2023

The use of waste materials as aggregates in concrete is hailed by many as a huge step towards addressing the overreliance on granite stones as aggregate in concrete. It also offers a strategic eco-friendly means of disposing these wastes to minimize their impacts on the environment. This study assessed the tensile strength and modes of failure of concrete that utilizes waste automobile tire chips and palm kernel shells (PKS) as partial to full replacement of the conventional crushed granite stones as coarse aggregates in concrete. Portland cement concrete with the mix ratio: 1: 1.5: 2.5 (cement: sand: granite coarse aggregate) based on the mass of the constitient materials was prepared as control from which twenty additional mixes were generated by replacing portions of the granite stones with PKS and tire aggregates while the sand and w/c ratio were kept constant.  A total of 105 cylindrical specimens (150 x 300mm) and 155 beams (100 × 100 × 500 mm) were cast to evaluate the split tensile () and flexural tensile () strengths of the concrete mixes at 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 90 days of curing while observing their modes of failure. The results showed that, there is systematic decrease in the tensile strengths of the concrete with increase in the volume of tire and PKS particles. However, up to 50% replacement level, adequate tensile strength can be achieved for structural purposes. At this replacement level, the mix with P50T50 recorded  of 3.10 N/mm2, representing 59% of the control mix. From the failure patterns observed, the mixes with high volume of tire exhibited ductile failure mode; thus giving ample warning before the ultimate failure while the PKS concrete’s failure were more brittle and explosive.  In conclusion, a blend of PKS and tire as aggregates in concrete is recommended especially for structures subjected to sudden loadings such as those located in earthquake zones.
Efforts to Modernize Public Health—An Unexpected Bright Spot
Authors: Sharfstein Joshua , Surko Katherine , Levi Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses innovative efforts in various states to improve public health by providing more funding and programs with input and support for reform from local residents, businesses, and community organizations.
Annoying Conjunctival Thelaziasis in a Patient Aged 81 Years
Authors: Ma Lusheng , Zhang Jingyi , Gao Lei
Published: March 2023

This case report discusses a diagnosis of thelaziasis in a female patient aged 81 years who presented with a foreign body sensation in the left eye for 1 month.
Targeted Therapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Cancer Cell Membrane Coated Co‐Fc Nanoparticles Via Autophagy Inhibition
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Zhu Ziyu , Pan Qiaoya , Bai Yang , Yu Mengfei , Zhou Yi
Published: March 2023

Systemic chemotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with multidrug resistance and systemic adverse effects. Cobalt‐ferrocene metal–organic framework (Co‐Fc) is a nanoparticle synthetized by ferrocene and cobalt with a stronger Fenton reaction that can locally generate hydroxyl radical and effectively kill tumors. However, tumor cells can remove exogenous substances through autophagy activity to maintain the internal environment homeostasis. Herein, Co‐Fc loaded with the classical autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to construct Co‐Fc@HCQ nanoparticles is synthetized. The ferrocene in Co‐Fc catalyzes the production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction. The presence of HCQ inhibits the fusion of autophagy vesicles with lysosomes and reduces the scavenging of ROS. In addition, to enhance the tumor targeting effect of Co‐Fc@HCQ nanoparticles, oral cancer cell membranes (CM) are extracted from CAL‐27 cell line to construct CM@Co‐Fc@HCQ nanoparticles with good homologous targeting and immune escape effects. The results prove the good tumor targeting, biosafety as well as the therapeutic effect of CM@Co‐Fc@HCQ. In conclusion, via specific tumor targeting and local autophagy‐conducted ROS boosting, CM@Co‐Fc@HCQ nanoparticles, a smart local delivery chemo‐dynamic substance, provide a promising approach for effectively treating OSCC.
Switching Monomer‐to‐Excimer Fluorescence by Noncovalent Interaction Competition Strategy
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Shiyin , Fu Zhiyuan , Wang Chunyu , Yang Zhiqiang , Gao Ying , Liu Haichao , Zhang Shi‐Tong , Gu Cheng , Yang Bing
Published: March 2023

Noncovalent fluorescence switching materials with specific molecular packing motifs for desired performance are difficult to design accurately due to the complexity of intermolecular interactions. Herein, a noncovalent interaction competition strategy to design fluorescence‐switching materials by fine‐modulating hydrogen‐bond and π–π interactions is proposed. Hydrogen bonds are generated by nitrogen/oxygen‐containing units while π–π interactions are generated between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. After these two interactions are balanced in strength, they attempt to induce the formation of respective molecule assemblies stably under controllable conditions. Through thermal stimulus produced by a laser, a reversible assembly transition with high‐contrast monomer‐to‐excimer fluorescence switching is achieved, which demonstrates promising applications in rewritable optical recording and time‐dependent anti‐counterfeiting. This strategy provides a crucial step toward the controllable switching of supramolecular assembly for information handling.
Efficient Nanoscale Exciton Transport in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Enables Reduced Bimolecular Recombination of Free Charges
Authors: Riley Drew B. , Sandberg Oskar J. , Zarrabi Nasim , Kim Yong Ryun , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan
Published: March 2023

The highest‐efficiency organic photovoltaic (OPV)‐based solar cells, made from blends of electron‐donating and electron‐accepting organic semiconductors, are often characterized by strongly reduced (non‐Langevin) bimolecular recombination. Although the origins of the reduced recombination are debated, mechanisms related to the charge‐transfer (CT) state and free‐carrier encounter dynamics controlled by the size of donor and acceptor domains are proposed as underlying factors. Here, a novel photoluminescence‐based probe is reported to accurately quantify the donor–acceptor domain size in OPV blends. Specifically, the domain size is measured in high‐efficiency non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) systems and a comparative conventional fullerene system. It is found that the NFA‐based blends form larger domains but that the expected reductions in bimolecular recombination attributed to the enhanced domain sizes are too small to account for the observed reduction factors. Further, it is shown that the reduction of bimolecular recombination is correlated to enhanced exciton dynamics within the NFA domains. This indicates that the processes responsible for efficient exciton transport also enable strongly non‐Langevin recombination in high‐efficiency NFA‐based solar cells with low‐energy offsets.
One‐Pot, Three‐Phase Recycling of Metals from Li‐Ion Batteries in Rotating, Concentric‐Liquid Reactors
Authors: Quintana Cristóbal , Cybulski Olgierd , Mikulak‐Klucznik Barbara , Klucznik Tomasz , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: March 2023

Efficient recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for making their numerous applications sustainable. Hydrometallurgy‐based separation methods are an indispensable part of the recycling process but remain limited by the extraction efficiency and selectivity, and typically require numerous binary liquid–liquid extraction steps in which the capacity of the extracting organic phase or partition coefficient of extracted metals become an overall bottleneck. Herein, rotating reactors are described, in which the aqueous feed, organic extractant, and aqueous acceptor phases are all present in the same rotating vessel and can be vigorously stirred and emulsified without the coalescence of aqueous layers. In this arrangement, the extractant molecules are not equilibrated with the feed and, instead, “shuttle” between the feed/extractant and the extractant/acceptor interfaces multiple times, with each such molecule ultimately transferring approximately ten metal ions. This shuttling allows for using extractant concentrations much lower than in previous designs even for extremely concentrated feeds and, simultaneously, ensures unprecedented speed and selectivity of the one‐pot processes. These experimental results are accompanied by theoretical considerations of the selectivity versus speed trends as well as discussion of parameters essential for system upscaling.
An Integrally Formed Janus Hydrogel for Robust Wet‐Tissue Adhesive and Anti‐Postoperative Adhesion
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Yi Xin , Liu Tao , Liu Jing , Wu Qinan , Ding Yonghui , Liu Zhenzhen , Wang Qingwen
Published: March 2023

Facile fabrication of asymmetrically adhesive hydrogel with robust wet tissue adhesion simultaneously with effective anti‐postoperative adhesion still remains a great challenge. In this work, an integrally formed Janus hydrogel is facilely fabricated in one step by controlling the interfacial distribution of free carboxyl groups on the two sides of hydrogels. At a lower stirring speed, the generated bigger sized emulsion droplets mainly occupy the top surface of hydrogel, which effectively hinders the exposition of carboxyl groups on the top surface, driving them to be more distributed on the bottom surface, ultimately resulting in the poor adhesion of top surface but robust adhesion of bottom surface to various wet tissue even underwater. The difference in adhesive strength achieves as high as 20 times between the two surfaces. In vivo rabbit experiment outcomes clearly validate that the bottom surface of hydrogel firmly adheres to the stomach defect, and the other opposite surface can efficiently address the postoperative adhesion problem. Besides, this hydrogel exhibits superior mechanical toughness and conductivity which has been used as a highly adhesive strain sensor to real‐time monitor the beating heart in vivo. This simple yet effective strategy provides a much more feasible approach for creating Janus hydrogels bioadhesives.
Impact of Highly Concentrated Alkaline Treatment on Mesostructured Cobalt Oxide for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Budiyanto Eko , Ochoa‐Hernández Cristina , Tüysüz Harun
Published: March 2023

Commercial alkaline water electrolysis cells typically use highly concentrate KOH as electrolyte, which strongly influences alteration of catalyst and its performance. Herein, the impact of alkaline treatment toward the structural alteration and electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of well‐defined ordered mesoporous Co3O4 is systematically studied. The overall morphology of mesostructured Co3O4 is relatively resilient to the exposure of highly concentrated alkaline solution up to 13 m KOH. The spectroscopic analyses, including in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, reveal the presence of carbonate‐based species after the alkaline treatment due to impurities of the commercial KOH. The pre‐treated samples exhibit a higher electrochemically active surface area, decreased charge transfer resistance, and increased current density from 103 to 155 mA cm−2 at 1.7 V versus RHE. The in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy investigation supports formation of active CoOOH phase on KOH pre‐treated Co3O4, which might play a key role toward enhanced OER activity.
Ultrasensitive Linear Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Wrinkled Microstructures for Tactile Perception
Authors: Lv Chunyu , Tian Chengcheng , Jiang Jiashun , Dang Yu , Liu Yang , Duan Xuexin , Li Quanning , Chen Xuejiao , Xie Mengying
Published: March 2023

Ultrasensitive flexible pressure sensors with excellent linearity are essential for achieving tactile perception. Although microstructured dielectrics have endowed capacitive sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity, the compromise of sensitivity with increasing pressure is an issue yet to be resolved. Herein, a spontaneously wrinkled MWCNT/PDMS dielectric layer is proposed to realize the excellent sensitivity and linearity of capacitive sensors for tactile perception. The synergistic effect of a high dielectric constant and wrinkled microstructures enables the sensor to exhibit linearity up to 21 kPa with a sensitivity of 1.448 kPa−1 and a detection limit of 0.2 Pa. Owing to these merits, the sensor monitors subtle physiological signals such as various arterial pulses and respiration. This sensor is further integrated into a fully multimaterial 3D‐printed soft pneumatic finger to realize material hardness perception. Eight materials with different hardness values are successfully discriminated, and the capacitance of the sensor varies linearly (R2 > 0.975) with increasing hardness. Moreover, the sensitivity to the material hardness can be tuned by controlling the inflation pressure of the soft finger. As a proof of concept, the finger is used to discriminate pork fats with different hardness, paving the way for hardness discrimination in clinical palpation.
Shocks and the determinants of resilience: Fish and shrimp value chains in Bangladesh after Covid‐19
Authors: Kabir Razin Iqbal , Bin Khaled Muhammad Nahian , Narayanan Sudha , Rashid Shahidur
Published: March 2023

There is little systematic evidence on the resilience of South Asian agri‐food value chains since the onset of Covid‐19. Using two rounds of surveys of 1751 fish and shrimp value chain actors in Bangladesh, this paper undertakes two sets of tasks: (a) analyzes business continuity (closures and resumptions) and its implications for household food security, and (b) adapts a ten‐item measure of subjective resilience and examines its predictors: diversity, scope, scale, vertical integration, and cluster effects. Results show that recent closures are linked to Covid‐19, suggesting that firms were only able to sustain operations for a period of 8–9 months before folding due to cumulative stresses; and that the degree of resilience varies significantly across value chains and the segments within them. Interestingly, contrary to established stylized facts, clusters appear to be negatively correlated with resilience, indicating that cooperation among value chain actors within a cluster breaks down under large‐scale covariate shocks. The implications of these and other key findings are discussed.
Winter cover crop impact on soil health in Texas Rolling Plains dryland cotton
Authors: Hux Brian A. , DeLaune Paul B. , Schirmarcher Marie T. , Gentry Terry J. , Mubvumba Partson
Published: March 2023

The Rolling Plains of Texas are historically semi‐arid with sporadic, high intensity storms followed by periods of long drought. Fallow management is a common practice intended to store soil water, but leaves the bare soil exposed to erosive forces that can diminish the soil productivity. Cover crops in no‐till (NT) agriculture have been proposed to increase soil health under environments with low precipitation as an alternative to fallow management. This study evaluated multiple treatments in a dryland cotton system including: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) NT; and NT with the following cover crops: (3) wheat; (4) Austrian winter pea; (5) crimson clover; (6) hairy vetch; and (7) mixed species cover. Soil samples were collected at 0, 3, and 6 weeks after cover crop termination and analyzed for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, inorganic N, water‐extractable organic carbon, water‐extractable organic nitrogen, carbon mineralization, and phospholipid fatty acid analysis. For all parameters tested, there was no significant difference between CT and NT at any date or depth, so the addition of cover crops to NT cotton systems might be needed in order to enhance NT in regard to soil function. The multi‐species mixed treatment was predicted to perform the best out of the cover crop treatments due to its combined benefits from grasses and legumes. However, the single‐species Austrian winter pea treatment had 24% and 28% higher soil carbon and nitrogen than no‐till without a cover crop, and can be a useful alternative to fallow management under these dryland agriculture conditions.
A Magnetically Actuated Variable Stiffness Manipulator Based on Deployable Shape Memory Polymer Springs
Authors: Thomas Theodosia Lourdes , Bos Jonathan , Huaroto Juan J. , Kalpathy Venkiteswaran Venkatasubramanian , Misra Sarthak
Published: March 2023

Continuum manipulators have found several applications in surgical interventions like endoscopy, laparoscopy, and as end‐effectors for surgical robots. Continuum manipulators coupled with magnetic actuation can be precisely maneuvered inside the human body. Recently, variable stiffness manipulators (VSMs) have been introduced for enhanced dexterity and safe navigation. This study presents a new design of a magnetically actuated VSM based on shape memory polymer (SMP) springs. The VSM has a silicone backbone enclosed within a spring made of SMP that can change in length with stiffness change that is triggered by Joule heating. The stiffness and thermal characteristics of the VSM are studied using analytical models and experiments. Subsequently, a one‐segment VSM and a two‐segment VSM having outer diameters of 9 and 10 mm and lengths of 15 and 25 mm, respectively, capable of extending to four times their length are designed. The VSM can be deployed in a compact form and extended to achieve variable bending curvatures in soft and rigid states, which can facilitate instrument insertion and reduce operation invasiveness. Potential clinical applications are demonstrated by incorporating miniature camera, biopsy tool, and laser optical fiber in the working channel of the VSM and coupled with robotic magnetic actuation.
Origin of Surface Reconstruction in Lattice Oxygen Oxidation Mechanism Based‐Transition Metal Oxides: A Spontaneous Chemical Process
Authors: Wu Chao , Wang Xiaopeng , Tang Ying , Zhong Haoyin , Zhang Xin , Zou Anqi , Zhu Jiliang , Diao Caozheng , Xi Shibo , Xue Junmin , Wu Jiagang
Published: March 2023

A fundamental understanding of surface reconstruction process is pivotal to developing highly efficient lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) based electrocatalysts. Traditionally, the surface reconstruction in LOM based metal oxides is believed as an irreversible oxygen redox behavior, due to the much slower rate of OH− refilling than that of oxygen vacancy formation. Here, we found that the surface reconstruction in LOM based metal oxides is a spontaneous chemical reaction process, instead of an electrochemical reaction process. During the chemical process, the lattice oxygen atoms were attacked by adsorbed water molecules, leading to the formation of hydroxide ions (OH−). Subsequently, the metal‐site soluble atoms leached from the oxygen‐deficient surface. This work also suggests that the enhancement of surface hydrophilicity could accelerate the surface reconstruction process. Hence, such a finding could add a new layer for the understanding of surface reconstruction mechanism.
Noncanonical Pyroptosis Triggered by Macrophage‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Chondrocytes Leading to Cartilage Catabolism in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ebata Taku , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Kitahara Keita , Yokota Shunichi , Shiota Junki , Nishida Yoshio , Matsumae Gen , Alhasan Hend , Hamasaki Masanari , Hontani Kazutoshi , Shimizu Tomohiro , Takahashi Daisuke , Endo Tsutomu , Onodera Tomohiro , Kadoya Ken , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: March 2023

Objective

The severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage degeneration is highly correlated with the development of synovitis, which is mediated by the activity of inflammatory macrophages. A better understanding of intercellular communication between inflammatory macrophages and chondrocytes should aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. We undertook this study to explore the pathologic role of inflammatory macrophage extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cartilage degeneration.

Methods

Macrophages were stimulated by treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharides to mimic the state of inflammatory macrophages, and the resulting EVs were harvested for chondrocyte stimulation in vitro and for intraarticular injection in a mouse model. The stimulated chondrocytes were further subjected to RNA‐sequencing analysis and other functional assays. The action of caspase 11 was disrupted in vitro using a specific small interfering RNA or wedelolactone, and in experimental murine OA models by intraarticular injection of wedelolactone.

Results

Stimulated chondrocytes exhibited a significant elevation in the expression of chondrocyte catabolic factors. Consistent with these results, RNA‐sequencing analyses of stimulated chondrocytes indicated that up‐regulated genes were mainly categorized into apoptotic process and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, which suggests the induction of apoptotic process. Moreover, these chondrocytes exhibited a significant elevation in the expression of pyroptosis‐related molecules that were correlated with the expression of chondrocyte catabolic factors. The disruption of caspase 11 significantly alleviated pyroptotic and catabolic processes in stimulated chondrocytes and pathologic changes in collagenase‐induced and joint instability–induced OA models.

Conclusion

Our results provide new insight into the pathologic mechanisms of OA and suggest that noncanonical pyroptosis in chondrocytes represents an attractive therapeutic target for treatment.

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Online anatomy education during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Opinions of medical, speech therapy, andBScAnatomy students
Authors: Khan Johara , Baatjes Karin J. , Layman‐Lemphane Jodie I. , Correia Janine
Published: March 2023

With the emergence of the Covid‐19 pandemic in 2020, it was difficult to predict if the “cadaveric‐based (golden) standard” of teaching anatomy would be possible in the unforeseeable future. This forced traditional anatomical teaching and learning practices to be transitioned to remote online platforms. This study explored the opinions of anatomy students (n = 51), on their online learning experience of anatomy during the Covid‐19 pandemic. A mixed methods approach using a descriptive, exploratory study design was conducted, by use of an online survey. The survey consisted of a six‐point Likert scale and was assembled into four sub‐categories. Likert scale options ranged from; strongly disagree, to strongly agree, and not applicable. Results obtained seem to tally with expectations, indicating an adequate theoretical course component with room to improve practical online teaching. Most participants had a positive perception of the theoretical course content, duration, and platforms of communication. Virtual classes were simple to navigate with few technical difficulties experienced by the participants. Students also noted having access to sufficient study material, videos, and additional online material. Overall, more than half of all participants reported adapting well to the remote learning environment, however, the greatest challenge experienced highlighted a sense of deprivation from the lack of cadaver exposure and hands‐on instruction. This research highlighted the effects of the pandemic on the modality of anatomy education and how it affected students. Although anatomy is multi‐modal, it can be concluded that it is possible to achieve academic success by using online learning methods.
Essential anatomy for core clerkships: A clinical perspective
Authors: Keim Sarah A. , Harmon Derek J. , Martindale James R. , Lopez Elisabeth N. , Sanky Charles , Brooks William S. , Cotter Meghan M. , Davies David L. , Doroudi Majid , Fahl Jeffrey C. , Farias Anna , Granite Guinevere , Harrell Kelly M. , Kar Rekha , Kramer Kenneth L. , Jackson Jon , Jones Shiloh , Lackey‐Cornelison Wendy , Laitman Jeffrey T. , Latacha Kimberly , Lewis Steven R. , Lovejoy Mork Amy , Marzban Hassan , McNary Thomas G. , McWhorter David L. , Merchant Aftab , Mussell Jason C. , Quinn Melissa M. , Reidenberg Joy S. , Royer Danielle , Sakaguchi Alan , Sawyer F. Kip , Topping Daniel B. , Wainman Bruce , Wineski Lawrence E. , Zumwalt Ann C. , Hankin Mark H.
Published: March 2023

Clerkships are defining experiences for medical students in which students integrate basic science knowledge with clinical information as they gain experience in diagnosing and treating patients in a variety of clinical settings. Among the basic sciences, there is broad agreement that anatomy is foundational for medical practice. Unfortunately, there are longstanding concerns that student knowledge of anatomy is below the expectations of clerkship directors and clinical faculty. Most allopathic medical schools require eight “core” clerkships: internal medicine (IM), pediatrics (PD), general surgery (GS), obstetrics and gynecology (OB), psychiatry (PS), family medicine (FM), neurology (NU), and emergency medicine (EM). A targeted needs assessment was conducted to determine the anatomy considered important for each core clerkship based on the perspective of clinicians teaching in those clerkships. A total of 525 clinical faculty were surveyed at 24 United States allopathic medical schools. Participants rated 97 anatomical structure groups across all body regions on a 1–4 Likert‐type scale (1 = not important, 4 = essential). Non‐parametric ANOVAs determined if differences existed between clerkships. Combining all responses, 91% of anatomical structure groups were classified as essential or more important. Clinicians in FM, EM, and GS rated anatomical structures in most body regions significantly higher than at least one other clerkship (p = 0.006). This study provides an evidence‐base of anatomy content that should be considered important for each core clerkship and may assist in the development and/or revision of preclinical curricula to support the clinical training of medical students.
Conceptual diagrams in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Horvath Jorge E. , Rosas Fernandes Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

Quantum Mechanics (QM) stands alone as a (very) successful physical theory, but the meaning of its variables and the status of many quantities in the mathematical formalism is obscure. This unique situation prompted the need for attribution of a physical meaning to the latter, a procedure known as interpretation. On the other hand, the study of QM is usually presented, even to future scientists, within the only framework developed by Bohr and the Copenhagen researchers, known as the Copenhagen interpretation. As a contribution to the understanding and teaching of Quantum Mechanics, aimed to a broader and deeper appreciation of its fundamentals, including contemplating alternatives and updated interpretations for physicists and philosophers interested in the study of exact sciences (through Ontology, Epistemology, Logic or the Theory of Knowledge), we present a set of Conceptual Diagrams elaborated and designed to expose and facilitate the visualization of elements intervening in any interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and apply them to several well‐developed cases of the latter.
Genus Streptomyces: Recent advances for biotechnological purposes
Authors: de Lima Júnior Apolonio Alves , de Sousa Ednan Cardoso , de Oliveira Thales Henrique Barbosa , de Santana Raphael Carlos Férrer , da Silva Silvia Katrine Rabelo , Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso
Published: March 2023

Actinomycetes are a distinct group of filamentous bacteria. The Streptomyces genus within this group has been extensively studied over the years, with substantial contributions to society and science. This genus is known for its antimicrobial production, as well as antitumor, biopesticide, and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, the extraordinary plasticity of the Streptomyces genus has inspired new research techniques. The newest way of exploring Streptomyces has comprised the discovery of new natural metabolites and the application of emerging tools such as CRISPR technology in drug discovery. In this narrative review, we explore relevant published literature concerning the ongoing novelties of the Streptomyces genus.
The value of control
Authors: Reis Moritz , Pfister Roland , Schwarz Katharina A.
Published: March 2023

Voluntary actions are accompanied by a sense of control over this action and its effects. Forming an appropriate sense of control (or sense of agency) has widespread consequences of individual and societal relevance. Moreover, perceived control might serve as a powerful action motivator, although this critical function has been addressed scarcely so far. Thus, in two experiments (N = 101 adults for each study), we directly examined the value of control for human agents by allowing participants to choose between financial gain and situational control. Crucially, a significant share of participants chose to be in control even when this option was less financially rewarding. That is, participants had to be offered 66% (Study 1) and 34% (Study 2) of expected asset earnings as an additional reward to make them predictably waive control. In addition to the value of objective decision rights, we also measured subjectively perceived control. This is a further extension of prior research as similar levels of objective control can lead to substantially different subjective feelings of control. Hereby, we found a share of the participants to create an illusionary sense of agency in situations of little objective control. These results portray perceived control as a powerful motivator for human behavior that comes with a unique and quantifiable value for individual agents.