bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDİATOR ROLE OF CONSUMER TRUST IN THE EFFECT OF CONSUMER INNOVATİON ON CONSUMER LOYALTY
Authors: ÇOPUROĞLU Filiz
Published: September 2022

It is important to determine the factors affecting consumer loyalty for every business that wants to be sustainable. One of the biggest factors that creates consumer loyalty is the element of trust. Consumer confidence is a concept associated with the capacity of a business to fulfill its obligations and commitments in terms of consumers' expectations. It is expected to contribute to the literature on deepening the understanding of the relationship between consumer innovativeness, consumer loyalty and trust. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of consumer trust in the effect of consumer innovativeness on consumer loyalty. In this context, the data obtained from 389 consumers were analyzed with the snowball sampling method. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there is a relationship between consumer innovativeness, consumer trust and consumer loyalty and that consumer trust partially mediates the effect of consumer innovativeness on consumer loyalty.
Влияние биопрепаратов и микроэлементов на урожайность нута
Authors: Плескачев Юрий Николаевич , Васина Ирина Александровна , Киричкова Ирина Владимировна
Published: September 2022

В 2016 – 2018 гг. в зоне каштановых почв Волгоградской области изучено совместное влияние различных стимуляторов роста и микроэлементов на полевую всхожесть семян, сохранность и густоту стояния растений к уборке, фотосинтетический потенциал, урожайность зерна и содержание белка у нута сорта Приво 1. Обрабатывали семена перед посевом: стимуляторами роста — Нано-Гро, HB-101, Ризоторфин; микроэлементами — молибдат аммония (Mo — 52 %), борная кислота (B — 17,3 %). Наибольшая густота стояния растений к уборке (367 тыс. раст./га) при норме высева 500 тыс. всхожих семян/га сохранялась в варианте совместного применения стимулятора роста HB-101 и молибдата аммония. Максимальный фотосинтетический потенциал (1144 тыс. м2 · сут./га) отмечен в варианте совместного применения стимулятора роста HB-101 и борной кислоты. Наивысшая урожайность (2,59 т/га) достигнута в вариантах совместного применения стимулятора роста HB-101 с молибдатом аммония и борной кислотой. Максимальное содержание белка (28,8 %) установлено в варианте совместного применения стимулятора роста HB-101 и молибдата аммония.
СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ВИРОБНИЦТВА СИРУ ТВЕРДОГО ІЗ НИЗЬКОЮ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОЮ ДРУГОГО НАГРІВАННЯ
Authors: Соломон Алла , Даниленко Світлана , Бондар Маряна
Published: September 2022

Харчова промисловість України є важливим сегментом продовольчого ринку, адже забезпечує населення продуктами, які містять важливі речовини у добре збалансованому співвідношенні і у легкозасвоюваній формі такі як повноцінні білки, молочний жири, мінеральні солі та вітаміни. Застосування сучасних технологій надає можливість розробляти вдалі поєднання інгредієнтів які надають харчовим продуктам специфічних органолептичних та фізико-хімічних показників. Забезпечення населення України високоякісними продуктами є однією із найважливіших місій виробників. Тому провідна роль її реалізації належить молочній промисловості особливо сироробній галузі. Світова наука про харчування визнає їх високопоживними і легкозасвоюваними продуктами. Сири, які мають високу харчову і біологічну цінність, збалансований склад основних компонентів та широкий спектр органолептичних властивостей, повинні входити в постійний раціон харчування різних категорій і вікових груп населення. Виробництво твердих сичужних сирів являє собою складний багатофункціональний процес, в якому зміна впливу навіть одного з технологічних факторів може змінити динаміку біохімічних, мікробіологічних і фізико-хімічних перетворень сирної маси, що відбивається не тільки на органолептичних властивостях та біологічній цінності кінцевого продукту, а й на його безпечності. При визріванні всі складові частини сирної маси піддаються глибоким змінам, внаслідок яких формуються специфічний смак , аромат сиру, його консистенція і рисунок. Важливою особливістю твердих сичужних сирів, виготовлених за традиційною технологією, є придатність їх до тривалого зберігання. Формування якості сирів значною мірою визначається складом і властивостями молока-сировини, мікробіологічними і біохімічними особливостями визрівання продукту, технологічними параметрами виробництва. Предмет дослідження – молоко-сировина, яка використовувалась при виробництві сиру твердого, бактеріальні закваски, нормалізовані суміші, сир твердий не зрілий та сир після визрівання. Значний розвиток молочної промисловості потребує нових вдосконалень та інноваційних технологій, які здатні скоротити процес без втрат показників готового продукту, тому удосконалення технологічної схеми шляхом використання поєднання штамів мікроорганізмів є одним із інноваційних рішень. Метою даної роботи являється удосконалення виробництва сиру твердого із низькою температурою другого нагрівання, шляхом використання унікального поєднання штамів молочнокислих бактерій. Результат надасть змогу удосконалити виробництво сиру функціонального призначення із кращими органолептичними та фізико-хімічними показниками. За рахунок таких технологічних змін досягнуто отримання якісного продукту із високою харчовою цінністю та довготривалим терміном зберігання в порівнянні із сирами з високою температурою другого нагрівання у сфері застосування на всіх підприємствах молочного напряму.
ОЦІНКА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ НА ЗАСАДАХ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Коваленко Ольга , Ященко Людмила
Published: September 2022

Предмет дослідження – теоретико-методологічні положення та практичні засади щодо формування основ продовольчої безпеки. Мета дослідження полягає в удосконаленні методичного підходу до оцінки регіональної продовольчої безпеки, що полягає в обґрунтуванні індикаторів, які доповнюватимуть загальновизнану систему показників останньої, здійсненні оцінки стану забезпечення споживання м’ясної та молочної продукції в областях України відповідно до рекомендованих норм. Методи дослідження. Для досягнення мети дослідження використано загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи: діалектичний і логічний – для узагальнення наукових основ продовольчої безпеки в контексті забезпечення сталого розвитку; економіко- статистичний – для обробки й аналізу статистичних даних; табличний – для візуалізації та узагальнення результатів дослідження. Результати дослідження. Запропоновано індикатори, за допомогою яких здійснено оцінку стану регіональної продовольчої безпеки. Так, дослідження змін індикатора достатності споживання окремого виду продукції дало змогу виявити регіони, в яких рівень споживання м’ясної та молочної продукції не відповідав рекомендованим нормам. Аналізом змін відсотка споживання продукції, забезпеченого власним (вітчизняним) виробництвом (відповідно до рекомендованих норм), виявлено регіони з недостатніми обсягами виробництва м’ясної та молочної продукції, а також регіони, які виробляють надлишки цієї продукції і здатні задовольнити потребу вразливих регіонів. Обґрунтуванням напрямів розвитку м’ясної та молочної галузей в регіонах, які характеризують стан їхньої продовольчої безпеки, виявлено області України, які мають найбільшу потребу в залученні матеріальних і нематеріальних інвестицій для розвитку згаданих галузей. Сфера застосування результатів. Результати мають науково-практичний характер і можуть бути використані науковцями у подальших дослідженнях щодо стану продовольчої безпеки. Вони можуть слугувати джерелом довідкової інформації та використовуватися економістами, спеціалістами підприємств харчової та переробної промисловості, фахівцями органів влади, науковими працівникам, викладачами, аспірантами і студентами вищих навчальних закладів.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ
Authors: Пронько Людмила
Published: September 2022

Предметом дослідження є сукупність теоретичних, методичних і прикладних засад відтворення людського капіталу, соціально-економічні відносин, процеси, явища, що його супроводжують. Мета дослідження – на основі наукових досліджень запропонувати теоретичні підходи до відтворення людського капіталу сільських територій. Методи. У процесі дослідження використано загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи економічних досліджень, зокрема: системний підхід, порівняльний, діалектичний та абстрактно-логічний. Результати досліджень. У статті розкрито теоретичні підходи щодо виявлення особливостей відтворення людського капіталу сільських територій. Розглянуто мотивацію ефективної працездатності носіїв людського потенціалу сільських поселень України в контексті її інституціоналізації, активізації місцевого самоврядування і розвитку локальних ринків праці, диверсифікації суспільного базису її інноватизації, вирівнювання соціально-економічних дисбалансів, удосконалення нормативно-правового регулювання зайнятості в сільськогосподарських підприємствах, поліпшення інвестиційного клімату. Сільські території об’єднують сільську поселенську мережу, природні та людські ресурси, виробничу і соціальну інфраструктуру на селі, маючи на меті задоволення потреб, інтересів та добробуту населення, завдяки чому досягається збалансований сільський розвиток загалом. В умовах нестабільності першочергового значення набувають завдання збереження накопиченого соціально- економічного потенціалу сільської території. У цей період функціональне навантаження людського капіталу набуває особливого значення, оскільки на нього покладається завдання збереження життєздатності території. Саме в турбулентний період доцільно оцінювати ефективність вкладених інвестиційних ресурсів у людський капітал. Для людського капіталу сільських територій властива висока життєстійкість. В умовах низьких інвестиційних витрат саме ця властивість дала змогу зберегти сільські території в умовах тривалих негативних впливів і відсутності дієвих програм сільського розвитку. Саме завдяки життєстійкості людського капіталу сільські території повністю не втратили кваліфікований людський капітал, який частково функціонує в межах сільських поселень, продовжує трудову діяльність в особистому селянському господарстві, забезпечуючи себе продовольством і частково формуючи товарну пропозицію агропродовольства, робить значний внесок у сімейний бюджет, реалізуючи фахові знання. Сфера застосування результатів дослідження. Результати проведених досліджень використовуватимуться в процесі розробки комплексних планів соціально- економічного розвитку сільських об’єднаних територіальних громад.
Are we on the same page? The moderating role of value congruence in the charisma signal-charismatic effects relationship
Authors: Wilms Rafael , Dahan Clara Seif el
Published: September 2022

The self-concept and signaling theories of charisma posit that charismatic signals do not universally affect all followers, but only those who have (partially) congruent values with their leaders. This represents a central assumption in charisma theory and our study tests it–to the best of our knowledge–for the first time. We investigate the effect of leader charisma on follower perceived leader charisma, prototypicality, and effectiveness and whether leader-follower value congruence moderates these relationships. In this pre-registered experiment, we manipulated leader charisma, using video recorded speeches (charismatic vs. neutral) about a foodbank and measured value congruence via questionnaire (i.e., altruism and helping others attitude; the higher the scores imply stronger value congruence with the leader’s mission (i.e., the food bank)). Our pre-registered study showed that charismatic signaling fosters perceived leader charisma, prototypicality, and effectiveness. Helping others attitudes moderated the relationship for perceived leader charisma and effectiveness, but not for prototypicality. Altruism did not moderate any of the relationship. Theoretical and practical implications, and limitations are discussed.
Nhưng xin đời chỉ 9 đô thôi!
Authors: Đô Bói Cá Chín
Published: September 2022

Cái nghề nghiên cứu tạo ra lắm ảo giác, dệt đại mộng tiểu mộng, giành giật huy chương biển hiệu tưng bừng. Có người thành thiên tài, nhưng chẳng thiếu kẻ phát dại. Thế nên, đơn giản như 9 đô rốt cục lại là quan trọng.
Demand for informal caregiving and human capital accumulation: Evidence from elderly deaths in Senegal
Authors: THIVILLON Thomas
Published: September 2022

This paper uses original panel data from Senegal to evaluate the effect of co-residence with elderly individuals on the educational attainment of female children. To identify this effect, I exploit the deaths of elderly co-residents which occur during the study period in an empirical strategy which relies on triple-differences with child fixed-effects. I show that an event of elderly death is associated with 23% additional education completed over a period of 4 years by affected girls. I present evidence that changes in demand for informal caregiving among older female children within the household are one of the mechanisms at play. These results highlight the importance of female teenagers in caregiving activities and suggest that policies that increase the availability of formal care for the elderly could reduce gender inequalities in education in contexts similar to Senegal.
Prevalence and associated factors of double burden of malnutrition among school adolescence 10-19 years in Burayu town Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia
Authors:   Centre for Food Security Studies, College of Development Studies. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Hail Abebe , Eba Gemechu ,   Facility of Chemical and Food Engineering, School of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
Published: September 2022

The double burden of malnutrition is an emerging nutritional problem of the coexistence of underweight and overweight. Obesity affects adolescents from both affluent and poor countries and nutritional status of adolescents in Ethiopia is not well documented, and they are the neglected segment of the population. The study aimed to assess prevalence and associated factors of double burden of malnutrition among adolescents in Burayu town, Ethiopia. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A Stratified sampling was used to select a random sample of 627 adolescents from selected schools. Data on economic characteristics and socio-demographic information were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were made by using a digital Seca scale and height measuring board by trained data collectors. Data was entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 24. World Health Organization Anthro-plus software was used to analyze anthropometric data. Both binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses was done to identify factors associated with the malnutrition of adolescents. Prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight was 11.1, 3.9 and 12.1%, respectively. Having small number of children [AOR = 2.069, (95%CI: 1.161, 3.686)] significantly associated with stunting. Sex of adolescents [AOR = 4.454, (95%CI: 1.616, 12.278)], primary school adolescents [AOR = 0.233, (95%CI: 0.066, 0.821)] and secondary school adolescents [AOR = 0.229(95%CI: 0.056, 0.931)] and food sources [AOR = 3.750, (95%CI: 1.446, 9.728)] were significantly associated thinness. Sex of adolescents [AOR = 0.536, (95%CI: 0.318, 0.901)], school type [AOR = 0.326, (95%CI: 0.186, 0.571)] and number of children [AOR = 1.855, (95%CI: 1.086, 3.166)] were significantly associated overweight/obese. The study revealed the coexistence of double burden of malnutrition among in-school adolescents. There is an increasing trend in the level of stunting and overweight/obesity. Number of children that family had being associated with stunting and overweight/obesity. Food source and school level was positive association with thinness. School type and sex of adolescents associated with overweight/obesity.
An assessment on the level of nutritional knowledge among undergraduate students in Edo state
Authors:   Vocational and Technical Department, Faculty of Education, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria., Aluyor Patience , Oligbi Esther ,   Department of Home Economics, College of Education, Igueben, Edo State, Nigeria.
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the level of nutritional knowledge among undergraduate students in Edo state. Ignorance of the nutritional value of food is widespread especially in the rapidly growing urban populations, undergraduate students are not left out. Ignorance of nutritional value lead to faulty food selection which can result to obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and stroke latter of life. The sample size comprised of three hundred and ninety-seven (397) undergraduate students in Edo state. Random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while t- test was used to analyze the two (2) research questions of the study. Findings revealed that more than half of the respondents have medium level of nutritional knowledge while less than half of the respondents have high level of nutritional knowledge. Further results revealed that both male and female students had equal level of nutritional knowledge. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that both male and female undergraduate student do not have equal level of nutritional knowledge. Also, most undergraduate students do not have adequate nutritional knowledge. The researchers recommended amongst others that the Government should enlighten the public regularly on good nutrition through media. Students should eat more of natural foods and avoid processed foods. In general, students should consume balanced diet to enable them achieve their academic goal.
Storage stability of healthy nutrient bar without preservatives as dietary supplement for women at risk of osteoporosis
Authors:   Directorate of Extension, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India., Munshi Rafiya , Kochhar Anita ,   Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab India., Kaur Amarjeet ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India., Javed Mohd. ,   Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India.
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to examine the stability of the healthy nutrient bars developed as a supplement for the women approaching menopause, who are at risk of osteoporosis. In this study, convenient, ready-to-eat highly nutritious bars with natural food ingredients of plant origin were developed. These analyzed both nutritionally and microbiologically to check their suitability for supplementation to women at risk of osteoporosis. Bars were packed in metalized polyester films (MPF) under ambient conditions for a period of 90 days to further check their storage stability for a period of three months. The parameters which were determined to check its storage stability were physical, oxidative, sensory and textural profile analysis on monthly basis and microbiological changes on fortnightly basis. Physical characteristics of the bar showed no significant change however chemical parameters like Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and free fatty acid values increased significantly (p≤0.05) on storage. Bars remained microbiologically safe and acceptable during entire period of storage under ambient temperature (15-35°C) conditions. After 3 months of storage, the overall acceptability score of bars decreased significantly (p≤0.05) from 8.25 to 7.42 on a 9 point hedonic scale with an increase in free fatty acid values from 1.15 to 3.36 meqO2/kg fat, TBA value from 0.22 to 0.91 mg malonaldehyde (MA)/ kg and Browning Index showed no significant increase from 0.14 to 0.28 (OD) on three months of storage. Texture profile analysis helped in evaluating the change in hardness gumminess, chewiness and cohesiveness of the bar, which affected the physical appearance and overall acceptability of the product.
Evaluation of the nutritional status and total daily energy expenditure of farmers, fishermen and fish farmers in the northern areas of the Republic of Congo
Authors:   Laboratory of Food and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Science and Techonology, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo Republic., MABOSSY-MOBOUNA1*, Germain , LOUBELO2 and Aubry Babain ,   Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Human Motricity, Higher Institue of Physical and Sports Education. Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo Republic., MOKEMIABEKA3 Saturnin Nicaise ,   Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo Republic.
Published: September 2022

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among farmers, fishermen and fish farmers aged from 18 to 90 living in the northern areas of the Congo. The objective of this study was to establish a link between total daily energy expenditure and nutritional status during the practice of agriculture, fishing or fish farming. Anthropometric parameters were collected. The people’s nutritional status was assessed from calculated Body Mass Index. Total daily energy expenditure was estimated by determining a basal expenditure which is multiplied by the physical activity level for famers/ fishermen. The basal metabolic rate of each subject was estimated from Henry's predictive equations. Statistical tests (chi-square test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA test) were used for the statistical analysis of the results. The results showed that the average age of the population was 47.14±13.65 years, the average weight was about 59.96±11.67 kg and the average height was about 1.63±0.08 m. The average Body Mass Index was 23±4 kg/m2. The mean total daily energy expenditure was 2697±480 kcal/d (men: 3041±321, women: 2271±245). The prevalence of underweight was 10%. It was higher for farmers (16.7%) than fishermen (3.7%) and fish farmers (2%). The prevalence of overweight was 22%. It was higher for fish farmers (29%), fishermen (26.9%) than farmers (15.2%). In conclusion, the population studied appears to be the victim of a double nutritional and energy burden statistically influenced by the type of activity performed. The correlation was weakly positive (r=0.234) between the Body Mass Index and the total daily energy expenditure which significantly varied (p<0.001) according to the performed activity.
Quality acceptability of wine produced from fermented tiger nut drink fortified with coconut milk
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Food Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria., Jimoh Musa Omotayo , Kole Opeoluwa Funlola ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria.
Published: September 2022

In some parts of the world, tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) tubers are widely used as a healthy food for both human and animals due to nutritional, functional and medicinal properties of the crop. This study is designed to evaluate quality attributes and acceptability of fermented tiger nut drinks fortified with defatted coconut milk and date syrup. Milk was extracted from the sprouted tiger nut tubers, mixed with defatted coconut milk in ratio of 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 respectively and date syrup was added to taste. Each sample was allowed to ferment for 24, 48 and 72 hours with the addition of 1 g of yeast (Sacharomyces cerevisiae). Sprouted and unfermented tiger nut milk without coconut milk and date syrup was taken to be control experiment. The results of physic-chemical properties of the drinks showed that temperature (23.7 – 30.5°C), pH (2.54 – 3.20), Brix (3 – 5°), specific gravity (0.86 – 1.05 g/cm3), alcohol content (0.53 – 7.61%), iodine value (0.11 – 0.67), saponification value (20.89 – 68.86) and viscosity (780 mPa.S -1560 mPa.S). There was no microbial growth in all the samples for six months except A48 sample that had 1.00 cfu/g in week 4, 3.90 cfu/g in week 5 and 10.50 cfu/g in week 6. At p≥0.05 significant level, there was no significant difference in all the sensory attributes of most samples. Fermented tiger nut provides alternative drink with relatively low alcohol content compared to bottled wines in the market.
Dose Dependent Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ammi majus Alcoholic Extract in Rat: Chronic Study
Authors: H. Mutlag Shihab
Published: September 2022

During treatment of inflammatory diseases, many conventional therapies (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) used to relief pain and inflammation. Chronic use of  the intended drugs is frequently associated with serious side effect, which may lead to discontinuation of treatment . The efficacy and dose- response effect of ammi majus extraxt  (2 , 4, 8 , 16, and 32 mg/rat) were assessed using  formalin to induce paw edema in rats as a model of chronic inflammation respectively. In this study,  42 rats were used and allocated into 7  groups each containing 6 rats, representing control (Distilled  water) , standard (piroxicam ) and test extract ( 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 and 32 mg/rat of Ammi majus alcoholic extract ). The test extract and control were given orally before induction of inflammation Paw edema was measured by using vernier caliper after  7 days for chronic inflammation. The result indicated that Ammi majus alcoholic  extract significantly lower paw edema (p<0.05) compared to standard and control, while  the dose 16mg/rat also lower the paw edema compared with other test groups but less compared with the dose 32mg/rat. In conclusion, Ammi majus alcoholic extract possess anti-inflammatory activity in animals model of chronic inflammation and the effect increased with increasing the dose.

Key words: Ammi majus  alcoholic extract, Chronic inflammation , Dose-Dependent
Synthesis of New Coumarin and 2-quinolone Derivatives with Expected Biological Activities
Authors: Y. Saour Kawkab , I. Al-Bayati Ridha , K. Hadi Mohammed
Published: September 2022

A series of new coumarin and N-amino-2-quinolone derivatives have been synthesized. The reaction of coumarin (1) with excess of  Hydrazine hydrate 98% yielded 1-amino-2-quinolone (2), Compound (2) was reacted with different Sulfonyl chloride to yield Sulfonamides [ N-(2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl) methane sulfonamide (3), N-(2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl) Benzene sulfonamide (4) and 4-methyl-N-(2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl) benzene sulfonamide (5) ], while  reaction of  2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetic acid (8) with different amines yielded compounds [  2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy)-N-(2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl) acetamide (9) and N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy)acetamide (10) ] through amide linkage.The reactions and purity of the products were checked by TLC. The structures of the final compounds and their intermediates were confirmed by their melting points, IR spectroscopy, and elemental microanalysis.The coumarin and N-amino-2-quinolone derivatives were evaluated for their anti bacterial and antifungal activity.

Key words: coumarin , 1-amino-2-quinolone, sulfonamide, amide, biological activity.
Evaluation of Metformin + Sitagliptin versus Metformin + Glibenclamide on Glycemic Control in Iraqis Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: M. Al-Temimi Hassan , J.Al-Shamma Kassim , M.Alrubaie Salim
Published: September 2022

Combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidaseâ€“4 inhibitor and metformin or metformin+ glibenclamide results in substantial and additive glucose- lowering effects in Iraqis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . This study evaluated the glycemic control by using two groups of  combinations of drugs metformin + glibenclamide and metformin + sitagliptin in Baghdad teaching hospital / medical city. 68 T2DM patients and 34 normal healthy individuals as control group were enrolled in this study and categorized in to two treatment groups. The group 1 (34 patients ) received ( metformin 500 mg three times daily + glibenclamide 5 mg twice daily ) and the group 2 (34 patients) received (metformin 500 mg three times daily + sitagliptin 100 mg once daily ). From each patients 5 ml of  blood was obtained by veinpuncture and the serum was separated and used for estimating plasma glucose level (FPG,PPG) and HbA1c.The mean fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose  significantly lower for group 2 patients for 3 and 6 months of treatment (129.02 Â± 1.96 and  118.4 Â± 1.33), (159.38 Â± 4.72 and  123.88 Â± 2.41 mg / dl)  respectively for fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose respectively than in group 1 patients  (150.76  Â± 3.97  and 127.79 Â±2.52) ,(173.25 Â± 7.99 respectively  and 140.67 Â± 4.66 mg / dl) for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) respectively. The mean HbA1c % significantly lower for group 2 patients for 3 and 6 months of treatment (6.12 Â± 0.091and  5.83 Â± 0.083 ) respectively compared  to group 1 patients (7.1 Â± 0 .63 and 6.81 Â± 0.12 ). In conclusion , the combination of metformin + sitagliptin improved fasting plasma glucose , postprandial plasma glucose  & HbA1c %  in comparison with metformin + glibenclamide combination.

Keywords : Sitagliptin, Metformin , Glibenclamide ,Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Phytochemical Investigation for the Main Active Constituents in Arctium lappa L. Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: A.Al-Shammaa Dhuha , Y. Saour Kawkab , M. Abdul-Khalik Zaid
Published: September 2022

Burdock ( Arctium lappa), is among the most popular plants in traditional medicine and it is associated with several biological effects. Literature survey revealed the presence of phenylpropanoid compounds .The most widespread are hydroxycinnamic acids ( mainly caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid) and lignans (mainly arctiin and arctigenin). This work will confirm the presence of these compounds in Arctium lappa, cultivated in Iraq, in both root and leaf samples.  The dried plant samples were extracted by soxhlet with 80% methanol then separated the main constituents by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid  chromatography (HPLC). Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by UV, IR, and compared with reference standards using TLC, HPLC and  HPTLC.

Keywords: Actium  lappa, hydroxycinnamic acid,  Lignan, Phytochemical.
Preparation and in-Vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Clotrimazole Vaginal Hydrogel
Authors: I. Abdul Basma , A. Rajab Nawal
Published: September 2022

Clotrimazole (CLO) is an antimycotic imidazole derivative applied locally for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections. In this study, CLO was formulated as vaginal mucoadhesive hydrogel, using different types of mucoadhesive polymers to ensure prolonged contact between active ingredient and vaginal mucosa.

Physicochemical properties of the prepared formulas were evaluated as a visual inspection, pH, swelling index, spreadability, and mucoadhesive characteristics, in addition to an in-vitro drug release. The influence of type and concentration of polymers as CMC-Na (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5%w/w), carbopol 940( 0.25, 0.5, and 1 %w/w) and poloxamer 407 (15, 25, 30%w/w) on CLO release  from the prepared gels were also investigated. All the different concentrations of each polymer gave a percent of drug release profile inversely proportional with the polymer concentration. The lowest concentration showed faster release within the first half an hour  of 99Â± 2% of drug release , while CMC-Na at 3.5% (F2) demonstrated the least release of 40 % after three hours.

On the other hand, poloxamer 407 of 25% gel (F7) produced the highest release of 98%, while carbopol 1% (F5) and CMC-Na (F1) produced 85% and 80% ,respectively. All the prepared formulas were following Higuchi kinetic model. Based on overall result, CLO can be formulated as mucoadhesive vaginal hydrogel using 25%poloxamer as the best prepared formula.

Key words: Hydrogel, Clotrimazole, Mucoadhesive
Formulation and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Oral Film
Authors: N. Abd-Alhammid Shaimaa , H.Saleeh Haider
Published: September 2022

Fast dissolving film can be defined as a dosage form, which when placed in the oral cavity. It will rapidly disintegrate and dissolves to release the medication for oral mucosal absorption or allow for the gastrointestinal absorption to be achieved when swallowed.

Flurbiprofen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and analgesic properties and can be used   in low doses 8.75 mg as analgesic and anti inflammatory agent in sore throat infection. This study aims to   formulate flurbiprofen as oral dissolving films,   to improve the effective relief of pain with severe sore throats with little or no adverse effect.

Nine formulas were prepared using solvent-casting method, and the effect of different formulation variables on the physical and mechanical properties of the prepared films, besides to the drug release behavior was evaluated.

 It was found that, the prepared oral film of flurbiprofen that contains hydroxypropyl methylcellulose alone showed the fastest in- vivo disintegration time (30 sec.) Among other investigated polymers. The drug release rates was also observed

The prepared formula F1 which contains HPMC in concentration of (54% w/w), PEG 400 (16% w/w) showed the fastest disintegration time 30seconds, Drug release was 77.5% within 2minutes with satisfactory mechanical properties.

The overall results suggested that the prepared formula of flurbiprofen can be conveniently administered orally in the form of an oral film for sore throat infection.  

Keyword:Oral strip, fluriprofen, HPMC polymer.
Preparation and Evaluation of Liquid and Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Mebendazole
Authors: A. Hussein Ahmed
Published: September 2022

The aim of present study was to develop solid and liquid  self-microemulsifying drug  delivery system of poorly water soluble drug mebendazole using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier.  Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a co-surfactant having droplet size range usually in the range of 20-250 nm. Oleic acid, tween 80 and polypropylene glycol were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively and for preparation of stable SMEDDS, micro emulsion region was identified by constructing pseudo ternary phase diagram containing different proportion of surfactant: co-surfactant (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1), oil and water. In brief S/ CoS mix means surfactant to co-surfactant and oil were mixed at ratio of 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1 manner. To the resultant mixtures, water was added drop wise till the first sign of turbidity in order to identify the end point and after equilibrium; if the system became clear then the water addition was continued. Prepared optimised formula of microemulsion was evaluated for SEM, particle size analysis, polydispersity index, phase separation, viscosity determination, zeta potential, in- vitro dissolution study and in- vivo studies. The optimized microemulsion was converted into solid form by Spray Drying technique by using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Prepared SMEDDS was characterized for same parameters as that of microemulsion. Solid SMEDDS of mebendazole prepared using Aerosil 200 by spray drying technique showed good drug content uniformity. After reconstitution it formed microemulsion with micrometric range. In-vitro drug release and in-vivo plasma drug concentration of microemulsion and SMEDDS was much higher than that of marketed praparation. Hence lipid based drug delivery system may efficiently formulate microemulsion and it can be solidified easily by spray drying technique which enhances dissolution rate and thus concomitantly bioavailability. In conclusion ,self micro emulsifying drug delivery system has become promising tool to overcome shortcomings associated with conventional delivery.

Kew words: Self-microemulsifying drug  delivery system, Microemulsion, Mebendazole.
Synthesis of New Cephalosporins of Expected Improved Activity and Resistance Against -Lactamases
Authors: M. Alwan Shakir , H. Kadhim Ameer
Published: September 2022

The development of new cephalosporins with improved activity against resistant microbes, such as, MRSA (methicillin resistant Staph. aureus), P. aeruginosa, is of high potential. Chemical synthesis of two new series of thiadiazole linked to cysteine (series 1) and cephalosporins containing thiadiazole linked to cysteine through disulfide bond (series 2) were achieved. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using spectral (FT-IR, 1H-NMR) and elemental microanalysis. The incorporation of privileged chemical moieties, such as, thiadiazole, Schiff base, cysteine and sulfonamide, has been found to have great contribution to the antimicrobial activities. Compounds of series 1 (1b-d), containing a Schiff base or a sulfonamido moiety, showed reasonable activity and were less potent than cephalexin with respect to E. coli and Staph. aureus. The new cephalosporins (series 2) showed remarkable activities on E. coli (62.5-15.6Âµg/ml) and staph. aureus (31.2-62.5Âµg/ml) when compared with cephalexin (250 and 125 Âµg/ml) respectively. Moreover, compounds 1 and 3 showed very promising activity against MRSA (250 and 500Âµg/ml) respectively. The incorporation of a sulfonamido moiety to the cephalosporin molecule was successfully achieved. This is a very interesting finding which may open a new approach in the synthesis of newer cephalosporins.   

Keywords: Cephalosporins, Cysteine, Schiff base, Sulfonamides, Thiadiazole.
Evaluation of Protective Effect of Different Doses of Terminalia arjuna Bark Ethanolic Extract on Cisplatin Induced Oxidative Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Eggadi Venkateshwarlu , Chandra Korupozu Sharath , Kumar Korupoju Bharath , Bandaru Sheshagiri Sharavanabhava , Kumar R Shiva , Rao Jupally Venkateshwar
Published: September 2022

Cisplatin (CP), a platinum compound, is one of the most active cytotoxic drugs used for cancer treatment. Nephrotoxicity is severe dose limiting side effect of this drug. Abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) leading to oxidative stress has been implicated in kidney toxicity by Cisplatin. Here the study was aimed to evaluate nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna bark (EETAB) at the doses (200 & 400 mg/kg, body weight) against Cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg, i.p) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The evaluation was done by measuring % change in body weight, renal function tests such as Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Serum Creatinine (Cr), Serum Total Protein (TP) and also Kidney SOD (Superoxide dismutase),CAT (Catalase), GSH (Reduced glutathione) and MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels altered by Cisplatin administration. Rats treated with EETAB2 (400mg/kg) significantly (P<0.001) reduced the elevated levels of BUN, Cr, TP, MDA and significantly (P<0.001) increased the levels of SOD, GSH, and CAT by restoring kidney architecture. In conclusion EETAB2 (400mg/kg) attractively showed the protection against Cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Keywords: Cisplatin, Nephrotoxicity, Terminalaia arjuna, Reactive oxygen species, Renal function tests.
Potentiometric Transducers for the Selective Recognition of Risperidone Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: I. Abdulla Najwa , M.Yaseen Hamsa
Published: September 2022

Graphite Coated Electrodes (GCE) based on molecularly imprinted polymers were fabricated for the selective potentiometric determination of Risperidone (Ris). The molecularly imprinted (MIP) and nonimprinted (NIP) polymers were synthesized by bulk polymerization using (Ris.) as a template, acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AAm) as monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The imprinted membranes and the non-imprinted membranes were prepared using dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and Dibutylphthalate (DBP) as plasticizers in PVC matrix. The membranes were coated on graphite electrodes. The MIP electrodes using (AA) and (AAm) showed a near nernstian and nernstian response with slopes of 55.2Â±0.1 and 59.0Â±0.2 mV/decade, correlation coefficient (r2) 0.9997 and 0.9999, a linear response for a concentration range of (1.0Ã—10-6 - 1.0Ã—10-2) M and (5.0x 10-7 to 1.0 x 10-2) M respectively. The response time of the prepared electrodes was less than 30 seconds. The electrode responses were stable in a pH range (4-8). The electrodes exhibited good selectivity over a wide range of interference. The most effective electrode (Ris-MIP GCE) was used to determine the concentration of (Ris.) in some pharmaceutical formulations. The electrodes could be successfully used within (7and13) weeks respectively without any drift.

Keywords: Ion-selective electrodes, Molecularly imprinted polymer, PVC membrane coated graphite electrode, Risperidone.
Estimation of Oxidative Stress and Some Trace Elements in Iraqi Men Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: R. Mahmood Abdulrahman
Published: September 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder that is associated with the imbalance of trace elements which are involved in many functions especially enzyme activities. Changes in the levels of serum elements probably can create some complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Previous experimental and clinical studies report that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of (T2DM). However, the exact mechanism of oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of (T2DM).

The aim of this study contained the following sections: firstly, to determine some biochemical parameters in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) like lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondly, to determine serum and urine levels of zinc as trace element and serum level of iron, then to compare those parameters with that for age matched healthy individuals.

The study performed on 45 Iraqi men, who attended Baghdad Teaching Hospital. They were grouped into to 2 groups based on fasting serum glucose (FSG), and (HbA1c) value first group was included 20 healthful persons with A1c <6.4% as control non diabetic group, second group was included 25 patients with A1c>6.4% as T2DM.

Outcomes of this study demonstrated a clear increase in T2DM in fasting serum glucose, ( HbA1c), MDA values, urine concentration of zinc , and serum level of iron compare to control.T2DM shows a significant reduction in both TAC and serum level of zinc ,if compared with control group .

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Trace elements, Lipid peroxidation.
CT Modalitesinde U-Net Tabanlı Segmentasyon Ağlarını Kullanarak Pankreas Segmentasyonu: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz
Authors: DERİN Alperen , GURKAN Caglar , BUDAK Abdulkadir , KARATAŞ Hakan
Published: September 2022

The pancreas is one of the small size organs in the abdomen. Moreover, anatomical differences make it difficult to detect the pancreas. This project aims to automatically segmentation of pancreas. For this purpose, NIH-CT82 data set, which includes CT images from 82 patients was used. U-Net which is state-of-the-art model and its different versions, namely Attention U-Net, Residual U-Net, Attention Residual U-Net, and Residual U-Net++ were tested. Best predict performance was achieved by Residual U-Net with the dice of 0.903, IoU of 0.823, sensitivity of 0.898, specificity of 1.000, precision of 0.908, and accuracy of 0.999. Consequently, an artificial intelligence (AI) supported decision support system was created for pancreas segmentation.
İskemik İnme Lezyon Segmentasyonunda Segmentasyon Ağlarının ve Kayıp Fonksiyonlarının Etkilerinin Analizi
Authors: BAYRAM Ahmet Furkan , DERİN Alperen , GURKAN Caglar , BUDAK Abdulkadir , KARATAŞ Hakan
Published: September 2022

Stroke was the cause of one out of every six deaths from cerebrovascular disease in 2020. A stroke occurs in the United States (US) every 40 seconds. Every 3.5 minutes, people die of a stroke. More than total 795,000 stroke cases occur yearly in the US. This study aims to detect the ischemic stroke lesion that occurs in the brain. The Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES) 2017 data set, which includes 82 Magnetic Resonance images of 43 patients, was used. The UNet, Attention UNet, Residual UNet, Attention Residual UNet, and Residual UNet++ segmentation networks were tested. Moreover, Cross Entropy, Dice, IoU, Tversky, Focal Tversky, and their compound forms were analyzed. The IoU loss function tested on Attention UNet achieved the best performance with the dice score of 0.766, the IoU score of 0.621, the sensitivity of 0.730, the specificity of 0.997, the precision of 0.805, and the accuracy of 0.993.
Biriktirme Süresinin Akımsız Nikel-Bor Kaplamaların Sertlik ve Korozyon Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: SARP Yaren , USTA İbrahim , TAN Sezer , ALGÜL Hasan , UYSAL Mehmet , ALP Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Akımsız nikel esaslı kaplamalar, malzemelerin aşınma, sertlik ve korozyon gibi yüzey özelliklerini iyileştirmek için mükemmel bir yöntemdir. Alüminyum alaşımları ise ucuzluk ve hafiflik gibi özelliklerinden dolayı birçok uygulamada kullanılmaktadır. Alüminyum alaşımlarının bu iyi özelliklerinin yanında, düşük yüzey özellikleri endüstrideki bazı kullanım alanlarını sınırlar. Bu çalışmada, alüminyum alaşımlarının (6xxxx) yüzey özelliklerini iyileştirmek için alüminyum yüzeye akımsız nikel-bor (Ni-B) kaplamalar uygulanmıştır. Kaplama süresinin (30, 60, 90 dk.) Ni-B kaplamaların sertlik ve korozyon özellikleri araştırıldı. Yüzey morfolojisini incelemek için taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve faz yapısını incelemek için X-ışını difraktometrisi (XRD) kullanıldı. SEM analiz sonuçlarına göre, Ni-B kaplamanın morfolojisinin artan kaplama süresi ile nodüler yapıdan karnabahar benzeri yapıya dönüştüğü deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda gözlemlenmiştir. Kaplamadaki, en yüksek sertlik değeri 90 dakikalık en yüksek biriktirme süresi ile 1140 Hv olarak elde edilmesine rağmen, en yüksek korozyon direnci 30 dakikalık en düşük biriktirme süresi ile 1.969x10-3 mpy olarak elde edilmiştir.