bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altered cardiolipin metabolism is associated with cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary vascular remodeled perinatal rat pups
Authors: Cole Laura K. , Sparagna Genevieve C. , Dolinsky Vernon W. , Hatch Grant M.
Published: February 2022

Pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR)in uteroresults in the development of heart failure. The alterations that occur in cardiac lipid and mitochondrial bioenergetics during the development ofin uteroPVR was unknown. In this study, PVR was induced in pupsin uteroby exposure of pregnant dams to indomethacin and hypoxia and cardiac lipids, echocardiographic function and cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function were subsequently examined. Perinatal rat pups with PVR exhibited elevated left and right cardiac ventricular internal dimensions and reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared to controls. Cardiac myocytes from these pups exhibited increased glycolytic capacity and glycolytic reserve compared to controls. However, respiration with glucose as substrate was unaltered. Fatty acid oxidation and ATP-insensitive respiration were increased in isolated cardiac myocytes from these pups compared to controls indicating a mitochondrial dysfunction. Although abundance of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was unaltered, increased trilinoleoyl-lysocardiolipin levels in these pups was observed. A compensatory increase in both cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine content were observed due to increased synthesis of these phospholipids. These data indicate that alterations in cardiac cardiolipin and phospholipid metabolism in PVR rat pups is associated with the mitochondrial bioenergetic and cardiac functional defects observed in their hearts.
Unmasking unexpected health care inequalities in China using urban big data: Service-rich and service-poor communities
Authors: Zheng Linzi , Zhang Lu , Chen Ke , He Qingsong
Published: February 2022

Geographic accessibility plays a key role in health care inequality but remains insufficiently investigated in China, primarily due to the lack of accurate, broad-coverage data on supply and demand. In this paper, we employ an innovative approach to local supply-and-demand conditions to (1) reveal the status quo of the distribution of health care provision and (2) examine whether individual households from communities with different housing prices can acquire equal and adequate quality health care services within and across 361 cities in China. Our findings support previous conclusions that quality hospitals are concentrated in cities with high administrative rankings and developmental levels. However, after accounting for the population size an “accessible” hospital serves, we discern “pro-poor” inequality in accessibility to care (denoted as GAPSD) and that GAPSD decreases along with increases in administrative rankings of cities and in community ratings. This paper is significant for both research and policy-making. Our approach successfully reveals an “unexpected” pattern of health care inequality that has not been reported before, and our findings provide a nationwide, detailed benchmark that facilitates the assessment of health and urban policies, as well as associated policy-making.
A method for estimating the impact of new vaccine technologies on vaccination coverage rates
Authors: Davis Ben , Krautmann Michael , Leroueil Pascale R.
Published: February 2022

Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective tools for improving human health and well-being. The impact of a vaccine on population health is partly determined by its coverage rate, the proportion of eligible individuals vaccinated. Coverage rate is a function of the vaccine presentation and the population in which that presentation is deployed. This population includes not only the individuals vaccinated, but also the logistics and healthcare systems responsible for vaccine delivery. Because vaccine coverage rates remain below targets in many settings, vaccine manufacturers and purchasers have a shared interest in better understanding the relationship between vaccine presentation, population characteristics, and coverage rate. While there have been some efforts to describe this relationship, existing research and tools are limited in their ability to quantify coverage rate changes across a broad set of antigens, vaccine presentations, and geographies. In this article, we present a method for estimating the impact of improved vaccine technologies on vaccination coverage rates. It is designed for use with low- and middle-income country vaccination programs. This method uses publicly available data and simple calculations based on probability theory to generate coverage rate values. We first present the conceptual framework and mathematical approach. Using a Microsoft Excel-based implementation, we then apply the method to a vaccine technology in early-stage development: micro-array patch for a measles-rubella vaccine (MR-MAP). Example outputs indicate that a complete switch from the current subcutaneous presentation to MR-MAP in the 73 countries ever eligible for Gavi support would increase overall vaccination coverage by 3.0–4.9 percentage points depending on the final characteristics of the MR-MAP. This change equates to an additional 2.6–4.2 million children vaccinated per year. Our method can be readily extended to other antigens and vaccine technologies to provide quick, low-cost estimates of coverage impact. As vaccine manufacturers and purchasers face increasingly complex decisions, such estimates could facilitate objective comparisons between options and help these decision makers obtain the most value for money.
Insecticide resistance in Australian Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and development of testing procedures for resistance surveillance
Authors: Bird Lisa , Miles Melina , Quade Adam , Spafford Helen
Published: February 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a highly invasive noctuid pest first reported in northern Australia during early 2020. To document current status of resistance in S. frugiperda in Australia, insecticide toxicity was tested in field populations collected during the first year of establishment, between March 2020 and March 2021. Dose-response was measured by larval bioassay in 11 populations of S. frugiperda and a susceptible laboratory strain of Helicoverpa armigera. Emamectin benzoate was the most efficacious insecticide (LC50 0.023μg/ml) followed by chlorantraniliprole (LC50 0.055μg/ml), spinetoram (LC50 0.098μg/ml), spinosad (LC50 0.526μg/ml), and methoxyfenozide (1.413μg/ml). Indoxacarb was the least toxic selective insecticide on S. frugiperda (LC50 3.789μg/ml). Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and methoxyfenozide were 2- to 7-fold less toxic on S. frugiperda compared with H. armigera while spinosyns were equally toxic on both species. Indoxacarb was 28-fold less toxic on S. frugiperda compared with H. armigera. There was decreased sensitivity to Group 1 insecticides and synthetic pyrethroids in S. frugiperda compared with H. armigera: toxicity was reduced up to 11-fold for methomyl, 56 to 199-fold for cyhalothrin, and 44 to 132-fold for alpha cypermethrin. Synergism bioassays with metabolic inhibitors suggest involvement of mixed function oxidase in pyrethroid resistance. Recommended diagnostic doses for emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, methoxyfenozide and indoxacarb are 0.19, 1.0, 0.75, 6, 12 and 48μg/μl, respectively.
Sex-related differences on the risks of in-hospital and late outcomes after acute aortic dissection: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Fang-Ting , Chou An-Hsun , Chan Yi‐Hsin , Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Lin Chia-Pin , Hung Kuo-Chun , Chu Pao-Hsien , Cheng Yu-Ting , Chen Shao-Wei
Published: February 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the sex-related differences on the risks of perioperative and late outcomes for adult acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients following surgical management.

Methods and results

By using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, totally 1,410 female and 3,432 male patients were identified to first-ever receive type A AAD open surgery or type B AAD stenting treatment from 2004 to 2013. We assessed the sex-related difference on outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, all-cause mortality, aortic death, redo aortic surgery, ischemic stroke, and depression during the follow-up period. The analysis was done separately for type A and type B surgeries.

Results

On average, female patients diagnosed with AAD were older than males. There was no significant sex difference of in-hospital mortality or all-cause mortality for both type A open and type B stent surgeries. The risk of redo aortic surgery was significantly greater in males than females (7.8% vs. 4%; unadjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.38–0.69) for type A open surgery, but not for type B stent surgery. Noticeably, the risk of newly-diagnosed depression was significantly greater in females than males (8% vs. 5.1%; unadjusted SHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.24–2.06) for type A open surgery, but not for type B stent surgery.

Conclusions

No significant sex-related difference was found for the in-hospital mortality or accumulative all-cause mortality. However, there were more redo aortic surgeries for males and more postoperative depression for females in type A AAD population.
Individual and contextual factors affect the implementation fidelity of youth-friendly services, northwest Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Habitu Yohannes Ayanaw , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Worku Abebaw Gebeyehu , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu
Published: February 2022

Background

The evaluation of all potential determinants of implementation fidelity of Youth-Friendly Services (YFS) is crucial for Ethiopia. Previous studies overlooked investigating the determinants at different levels. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of implementation fidelity of YFS considering individual and contextual levels.

Methods

This study was conducted among 1,029 youths, from 11 health centers that are implementing the YFS in Central Gondar Zone. Data were collected by face to face interview and facility observation using a semi-structured questionnaire. A Bivariable multi-level mixed effect modelling was employed to assess the main determinants. Four separate models were fitted to reach the full model. The fitness of the model was assessed using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and level of significance was declared at p-values < 0.05. The results of fixed effects were presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at their 95% CI.

Results

Four hundred one (39.0%) of the respondents got the YFS with high level of fidelity. Had high level of involvement in the YFS provision (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.57), knew any peer educator trained in YFS (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.86), and involved as a peer educator (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.71), were the individual level determinants. Whereas, got capacity building training; (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI (1.12, 3.48), got supportive supervision, (AOR 2.85, 95% CI (1.99, 6.37), had a separate waiting room (AOR = 9.84, 95%CI: 2.14, 17.79), and system in place to provide continuous support to staff (AOR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.25, 6.34) were the contextual level determinants.

Conclusions

The level of implementation fidelity remains low. Both individual and contextual level determinants affect the implementation fidelity of YFS. Therefore, policy makers, planners, managers and YFS providers could consider both individual and contextual factors to improve the implementation fidelity.
Rural-Urban differentials in prevalence, spectrum and determinants of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in North Indian population
Authors: Asadullah Md , Shivashankar Roopa , Shalimar  , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Kondal Dimple , Rautela Garima , Peerzada Ariba , Grover Bhanvi , Amarchand Ritvik , Nayak Baibaswata , Sharma Raju , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Krishnan Anand , Tandon Nikhil
Published: February 2022

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), through to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. We assessed the prevalence, spectrum, and determinants of NAFLD among adults in urban and rural North India.

Methods

A representative sample of adults aged 30–60 years were recruited from urban Delhi and rural Ballabhgarh during 2017–2019. Participants underwent abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with FibroScan to assess fatty liver and fibrosis, respectively. We estimated the age- and sex-standardised prevalence of NAFLD and its spectrum. The factors associated with ‘ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD’ were identified using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 828 urban (mean ± SD age: 45.5 ± 8.0 years; women: 52.7%) and 832 rural (mean ± SD age: 45.1 ± 7.9 years; women: 62.4%) participants were recruited. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD was 65.7% (95%CI: 60.3–71.2) in the urban and 61.1% (55.8–66.5) in the rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD with elevated alanine transaminase (≥40IU/L) was 23.2% (19.8–26.6), and 22.5% (19.0–26.0) and any fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement on transient elastography (≥6.9 kPa) was 16.5% (13.8–19.8) and 5.2% (3.8–6.7) in urban and rural participants, respectively. In both urban and rural areas, diabetes, central obesity and insulin resistance were significantly associated with NAFLD.

Conclusion

NAFLD prevalence was high among rural and urban North Indian adults, including fibrosis or raised hepatic enzymes. The strong association of metabolic determinants confirms its linkage with metabolic syndrome.
The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Carroll Timothy , Fox Douglas , van Doremalen Neeltje , Ball Erin , Morris Mary Kate , Sotomayor-Gonzalez Alicia , Servellita Venice , Rustagi Arjun , Yinda Claude Kwe , Fritts Linda , Port Julia Rebecca , Ma Zhong-Min , Holbrook Myndi G. , Schulz Jonathan , Blish Catherine A. , Hanson Carl , Chiu Charles Y. , Munster Vincent , Stanley Sarah , Miller Christopher J.
Published: February 2022

As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1.427 and B.1.429, was originally detected in California (CA) and it was shown to have enhanced infectivity in vitro and decreased antibody neutralization by plasma from convalescent patients and vaccine recipients. Here we examine the virulence, transmissibility, and susceptibility to pre-existing immunity for B 1.427 and B 1.429 in the Syrian hamster model. We find that both variants exhibit enhanced virulence as measured by increased body weight loss compared to hamsters infected with ancestral B.1 (614G), with B.1.429 causing the most marked body weight loss among the 3 variants. Faster dissemination from airways to parenchyma and more severe lung pathology at both early and late stages were also observed with B.1.429 infections relative to B.1. (614G) and B.1.427 infections. In addition, subgenomic viral RNA (sgRNA) levels were highest in oral swabs of hamsters infected with B.1.429, however sgRNA levels in lungs were similar in all three variants. This demonstrates that B.1.429 replicates to higher levels than ancestral B.1 (614G) or B.1.427 in the oropharynx but not in the lungs. In multi-virus in-vivo competition experiments, we found that B.1. (614G), epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) and gamma (P.1) dramatically outcompete alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) and zeta (P.2) in the lungs. In the nasal cavity, B.1. (614G), gamma, and epsilon dominate, but the highly infectious alpha variant also maintains a moderate size niche. We did not observe significant differences in airborne transmission efficiency among the B.1.427, B.1.429 and ancestral B.1 (614G) and WA-1 variants in hamsters. These results demonstrate enhanced virulence and high relative oropharyngeal replication of the epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant in Syrian hamsters compared to an ancestral B.1 (614G) variant.
Antiplatelet therapy for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Will it stick?
Authors: Tatara Alexander M. , Gandhi Ronak G. , Mooney David J. , Nelson Sandra B.
Published: February 2022

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) remains a clinically challenging infection despite extensive investigation. Repurposing medications approved for other indications is appealing as clinical safety profiles have already been established. Ticagrelor, a reversible adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist that prevents platelet aggregation, is indicated for patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, some clinical data suggest that patients treated with ticagrelor are less likely to have poor outcomes due to S. aureus infection. There are several potential mechanisms by which ticagrelor may affect S. aureus virulence. These include direct antibacterial activity, up-regulation of the innate immune system through boosting platelet-mediated S. aureus killing, and prevention of S. aureus adhesion to host tissues. In this Pearl, we review the clinical data surrounding ticagrelor and infection as well as explore the evidence surrounding these proposed mechanisms of action. While more evidence is needed before antiplatelet medications formally become part of the arsenal against S. aureus infection, these potential mechanisms represent exciting pathways to target in the host/pathogen interface.
A protease-activatable luminescent biosensor and reporter cell line for authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Gerber Pehuén Pereyra , Duncan Lidia M. , Greenwood Edward JD , Marelli Sara , Naamati Adi , Teixeira-Silva Ana , Crozier Thomas WM , Gabaev Ildar , Zhan Jun R. , Mulroney Thomas E. , Horner Emily C. , Doffinger Rainer , Willis Anne E. , Thaventhiran James ED , Protasio Anna V. , Matheson Nicholas J.
Published: February 2022

Efforts to define serological correlates of protection against COVID-19 have been hampered by the lack of a simple, scalable, standardised assay for SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody neutralisation. Plaque assays remain the gold standard, but are impractical for high-throughput screening. In this study, we show that expression of viral proteases may be used to quantitate infected cells. Our assays exploit the cleavage of specific oligopeptide linkers, leading to the activation of cell-based optical biosensors. First, we characterise these biosensors using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteases. Next, we confirm their ability to detect viral protease expression during replication of authentic virus. Finally, we generate reporter cells stably expressing an optimised luciferase-based biosensor, enabling viral infection to be measured within 24 h in a 96- or 384-well plate format, including variants of concern. We have therefore developed a luminescent SARS-CoV-2 reporter cell line, and demonstrated its utility for the relative quantitation of infectious virus and titration of neutralising antibodies.
Propuestas de análisis conservativo no material o material en casos de especial significación en arte y muralismo urbano
Authors: Moral Ruiz Carmen , Luque Rodrigo Laura
Published: February 2022

La conservación de las manifestaciones artísticas que se presentan dentro del espacio urbano es compleja ya que son de carácter muy diverso. Este tipo de manifestaciones pueden estar vinculadas con diversas áreas, como, por ejemplo, la arquitectura, la escultura o la pintura en sus diversas concepciones. A su vez, cuentan con una variedad matérica muy amplia y una problemática de conservación al encontrarse, normalmente, en exteriores sin vigilancia y expuestas a la intemperie. A lo largo de esta aportación, se pretende establecer una metodología de documentación y estudio de estas obras a través de casos particulares de obras ubicadas en Jaén, en concreto del artista urbano Belin, de forma que se establezca un marco de actuación en el que tengan cabida diversas casuísticas de conservación asociadas a estas manifestaciones.
Prototipo comisarial en torno a los conceptos de territorio, identidad e industria
Authors: Carceller Lacruz Neus
Published: February 2022

En una sociedad globalizada con tendencias a la homogeneización se corre el peligro de provocarse una indiferenciación espacial, un desvanecimiento de la especificidad de los sitios y la consiguiente pérdida de singularidades y particularidades locales de los territorios. Frente a esto se considera necesaria una reivindicación de lo local a través del arte. En el siguiente texto se investiga el concepto de territorio para focalizar su concepción desde una dimensión cultural, buscando revelar su capacidad como símbolo que desencadena la identidad y el imaginario colectivo de sus habitantes. Se persigue el objetivo de demostrar que el arte puede actuar como herramienta de reactivación, simbólica, del territorio a través de un prototipo comisarial diseñado para un contexto espacial específico: la comarca Horta Nord de València, cuyo paisaje está ornamentado por los vestigios de su industria ladrillera. Esta industria local, asimilada como una actividad a través de la cual el pueblo se relaciona con su entorno de manera inmediata, se presenta como un elemento de distinción de una geografía concreta frente a un mundo globalizado en pos de la unificación.
Hirigune historikoen babesa klima-aldaketaren aurrean: arriskua neurtzeko metodologiak
Authors: Quesada Ganuza Laura , Garmendia Leire , Álvarez Irantzu , Briz Estibaliz , Villaverde Ane
Published: February 2022

Artikulu honetan hirigune historikoetarako klima–aldaketarekin erlazionatutako arriskuen ebaluaziorako metodologiei buruzko egungo literaturaren berrikuspen sistematiko eta kritikoa egiten da. Horretarako, gaur egungo literaturaren azterketa sakona egin da Web of Science eta Scopus datu-baseetan, klima-aldaketaren eta ondoriozko muturretako gertaeren eraginpean dagoen kultura-ondarearen kalteberatasun eta arrisku ebaluazio metodologiak identifikatu eta ezaugarritzeko. Etorkizunean zuzendu beharreko metodologien ezaugarriak eta ezagutza-hutsune nagusiak identifikatu dira, hirigune historikoetan bero-boladak izateko arriskua ebaluatzeko metodologia holistikorik eza barne. Berrikuspenaren emaitzak aztertu dira, ondoren arriskuak ebaluatzeko etorkizuneko metodologietarako adierazleak  identifikatu eta garatzeko. Metodologia horiek, hirigune historikoetako elementuak sistema bakar gisa landuko dituzte, eta bero-bolada luzeek izan dezaketen inpaktu potentziala landuko dute, muturreko gertaera klimatiko horien probabilitate handiagoa kontsideratuz.
El despido sin causa, ¿vulnerador de derechos fundamentales?
Authors: Ocaña Escolar Luis
Published: February 2022

El despido ha ocupado históricamente un papel central en las relaciones laborales. Se trata de una de las instituciones jurídicas que más reformas legales ha protagonizado y a la vez constituye un aspecto sensible y de conflicto permanente. Podemos advertir dos tendencias enfrentadas. De un lado, encontramos la interpretación neoliberal del mismo, que plantea que su existencia impone una situación de rigidez y propugna en sus formulaciones más radicales el despido libre y gratuito. Se sostiene que el abaratamiento del despido incentiva la creación de empleo y se concibe el mismo como un instrumento de política sociolaboral. De otro lado, existe otra interpretación pone de relevancia la función tuitiva del Derecho del Trabajo y se inclina por establecer requisitos tanto formales como de fondo para que las decisiones extintivas puedan reputarse válidas. Se restringe de esta manera la “licencia para despedir”.El análisis sobre la causalización o no del despido y el establecimiento o no de requisitos formales así como, la fijación de costes –indemnizatorios y por salarios de tramitación- constituyen el objeto del presente estudio a la luz de las últimas reformas legales e interpretaciones jurisprudenciales.
Pasado y futuro del Estado de Bienestar: reflexiones desde una era postcovid
Authors: DIAZ MORDILLO MARIA ALEXANDRA
Published: February 2022

La importancia del Estado de Bienestar radica en su capacidad de protección de los riesgos sociales presentes y futuros que amenazan a los ciudadanos a pesar de la bonanza económica. Esta protección se articula a través de un complejo sistema de intervenciones normativas estatales. El pilar fundamental del Estado de Bienestar es la Seguridad Social, tanto por el número de beneficiarios protegidos como por los instrumentos de cobertura. La acción protectora es fruto del devenir histórico, sobre todo de las actuaciones realizadas durante aquellas etapas caracterizadas por alguna crisis económica, social o sanitaria.
El Estado de Bienestar en general y el Sistema de Seguridad Social, en particular, se enfrentan a una serie de retos sobre los que resulta necesario realizar una profunda reflexión, más allá de las consecuencias provocadas por la crisis sanitaria del SARS-Cov-2.
Közlekedés és Néphadsereg
Authors: Péterffy Gergely
Published: February 2022

In the Warsaw Pact member states mandatory military service enlistment of people created a serious financial burden, while depriving the economy of a large chunk of its labour force. To resolve this dilemma, in 1964 two engineering brigades were set up in the Hungarian People’s Army. Following a brief basic military training, these brigades supplied the labour force for national economy projects, but also created an opportunity to acquire income for the military budget. The 150th Transportation Engineering Brigade was created to support transport projects. Soldiers took part in Hungary’s all key, still operating road and railway developments. Also, thanks to acquiring specialised knowledge, they got a chance to work for transport services following their military discharge
A járványügyi helyzet hatása a hallgatói munkavállalásra
Authors: Kocsis Zsófia
Published: February 2022

International and national research results have pointed out that the employment of university students is increasing. According to studies in the region, the main motivation factor for student employment is financial reasons, students are motivated by financial independence from their parents, funding for leisure programs and daily expenses. The results have also highlighted that students with unfavorable social status indicators are forced to work, they are less characterized by the horizontal fit of work and studies. The negative effects of student employment are more pronounced in students who struggle with everyday financial problems, work out of coercion, and are disappointed in university education. In their case, the attractive effect of the labor market prevails, and therefore they are even willing to interrupt their studies. In our current research, we examine employment opportunities and changes in financial status of working students during the coronavirus epidemic.
Inteligencia artificial y problemas de decisión: la necesidad de un contexto ético
Authors:   Konrad Lorenz editores, Verdegay José Luis , Lamata M.ª Teresa , Pelta David , Cruz Carlos
Published: February 2022

Computers process information and make decisions. Until recently, the decisions they made were not complex, but due to the incessant technological advances that occur, systems based on Artificial Intelligence are achieving levels of competence in decision-making that in many contexts equal or exceed people. These are Autonomous Decision Systems that, although they can increase the capacity and efficiency of people in their fields of action, could also replace them, something that worries the whole of Society. Avoiding missfunctions in these systems is a priority social, scientific and technological objective, which requires having theoretical models that collect all the richness and variety of decision problems, that define precisely the elements that characterize them and that address the ethical approaches which should guide its operation. This paper describes each of these aspects in a separate section.
Intensität und narkotische Wirkung von Musik
Authors: Schröder Julia H.
Published: February 2022

Julia H. Schröder geht den Möglichkeiten der emotionalen und körperlichen Wirkung auf die Hörenden in der Konzertsituation nach. Nach einer Zukunftsvision geht sie zurück auf historische Diskurse über emotionale Hörweisen und gibt Beispiele aus aktueller Musikpraxis.
Acampe por una justicia ecológica: una experiencia de extensión y acceso a la justicia en la localidad de Santo Domingo, provincia de Santa Fe
Authors: Balaudo Cintia Giuliana , Franco Dabel Leandro , Gazzo María Virginia , Rodríguez Angelina
Published: February 2022

Desde el año 2019 se desarrolla en el ámbito de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral el Proyecto de Extensión de Interés Social “Acampe por una justicia ecológica”. El mismo considera especialmente la dimensión territorial con miras a identificar desigualdades en el acceso a la justicia en materia ambiental. Para ello y mediante la realización de campamentos jurídicos, se toma contacto con personas que residen en pequeños pueblos y ciudades agrícolas de la provincia de Santa Fe y se analiza el estado de situación de la problemática ambiental y los mecanismos existentes para peticionar en defensa de derechos vulnerados. En esta oportunidad, se aborda la experiencia transcurrida en la localidad de Santo Domingo, ubicada en el departamento Las Colonias. Se relatan las tareas llevadas a cabo y se destacan los resultados obtenidos en las encuestas, entrevistas y actividades realizadas.
Reseña / Guía para la elaboración de materiales educativos II. Piezas sonoras
Authors: Bosetti Oscar Enrique
Published: February 2022

Producir piezas sonoras educativas, de concientización y/o divulgación científica en el marco de intervenciones en extensión universitaria, puede ser un recurso eficaz por las ventajas comparativas del lenguaje radiofónico. Esta guía procura brindar una caja de herramientas básicas y un marco de reflexión acerca de la producción de materiales sonoros y abarca aspectos como las características generales de la radio, tipos de piezas y pautas de realización, insumos y recursos, la locución, el guion, la grabación y edición. El cuadernillo integra una serie destinada a orientar y alentar la elaboración de materiales educativos y comunicacionales. No es una receta, sino un estímulo a la propia experimentación.
Implementation of the right to health in Brazil and India: a comparative study
Authors: Bertotti Bárbara Mendonça , Ranade Arati
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to compare the legal-constitutional regimes of Brazil and India regarding the realization of the right to health. To this end, first, general information about the two systems will be presented, notably on the aspects of the fundamental nature of this right, the constitutional guarantee, the ownership of the duty to ensure it, the participation of the private sector and public health systems (if any). Then, the chosen objects of study will be contrasted in order to identify their proximities. The comparative method will be used, based on the functionalist approach and the thought disseminated by Pierre Legrand. The conclusion is that the right to health has more excellent protection and normative density in Brazil, mainly because it is a constitutionally guaranteed fundamental right and because it has the Unified Health System as its public structure. In India, however, for not being constitutionally assured and not having a nationally structured public system, the right to health is at a lower level, and there is still much to be developed.
The Promotion of Halal Tourism in Bangka Belitung: The Development of Potential Asset and Local Enterprises Players
Authors: Yanasari Pebri
Published: February 2022

Halal tourism analyses of the development goals often stress the importance of the locality-asset promotion, in which dynamic changes to support the development of potential asset and enterprises players have become driving factors in producing generous well-being outcomes. Challenging such analyses, this article highlights the importance of understanding how locality-based halal tourism contributes to the wider-ranging of reformulated tourism policies in Bangka Belitung. Using a qualitative method, the article investigates the promotion strategy of the development of halal tourism involved the role of policymakers, where the data obtained interviews and documentation. The informants were selected by purposive sampling to understand how halal tourism developed. As it turns out, significant variables expanded in terms of halal tourism's features and advantages, and it is necessary to involve the religious institution driving forces that issued the halal production legality. It is profitable to provide various facilities to support halal tourism development. The collaboration between the Indonesian Ulama Council and the Ministry of Religious Affairs has been significantly affected to arrange reformulated the development of halal tourism to reference local governments to formulate policies in the local context. As an implication, promoting a new tourist destination needs a readjusting of the term halal friendly that implicated business players in managing the tourism industry.
Strengthening the Comprehension Processes in Medical Students: Applying Problem-Based Learning Accompanied by the Reasoning Procedural Map
Authors: Gallardo Katherina Edith , Valle Adrian , Saldaña Angelica
Published: February 2022

A study was conducted on the cognitive processes involved in the steps of Problem-Based Learning and the way this pedagogical approach is applied in the health sciences. The objective was to identify the cognitive process related to student comprehension and its connection with the work done when studying a discipline through Problem-Based Learning. A case study was undertaken with a total of 30 students and the support of an interdisciplinary team composed of a physician and two professionals in the field of education. An information organizer was designed to help students work with problem scenarios. From its initial application, the students were satisfied with its usefulness, and they provided feedback to improve its format and extend its applicability to other disciplines. It was concluded that not only it is possible to integrate hybrid models in Problem-Based Learning but also to include variants and auxiliary tools that arise from the cognitive demands and the information management needs of the students, thus favouring the study and the preservation of knowledge.
Optimal decay rate for higher–order derivatives of solution to the 3D compressible quantum magnetohydrodynamic model
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Yinghui
Published: February 2022

We investigate optimal decay rates for higher–order spatial derivatives of strong solutions to the 3D Cauchy problem of the compressible viscous quantum magnetohydrodynamic model in the H
5 × H
4 × H
4 framework, and the main novelty of this work is three–fold: First, we show that fourth order spatial derivative of the solution converges to zero at the

L
2

-
rate
 

(
1
+
t
)

-

11

4

{L^2} - {\rm{rate}}\,{(1 + t)^{- {{11} \over 4}}}

, which is same as one of the heat equation, and particularly faster than the

L
2

-
rate
 

(
1
+
t
)

-

5
4

{L^2} - {\rm{rate}}\,{(1 + t)^{- {5 \over 4}}}

in Pu–Xu [Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 68:1, 2017] and the

L
2

-
rate
 

(
1
+
t
)

-

9
4

{L^2} - {\rm{rate}}\,{(1 + t)^{- {9 \over 4}}}

, in Xi–Pu–Guo [Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 70:1, 2019]. Second, we prove that fifth–order spatial derivative of density ρ converges to zero at the

L
2

-
rate
 

(
1
+
t
)

-

13

4

{L^2} - {\rm{rate}}\,{(1 + t)^{- {{13} \over 4}}}

, which is same as that of the heat equation, and particularly faster than ones of Pu–Xu [Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 68:1, 2017] and Xi–Pu–Guo [Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 70:1, 2019]. Third, we show that the high-frequency part of the fourth order spatial derivatives of the velocity u and magnetic B converge to zero at the

L
2

-
rate
 

(
1
+
t
)

-

13

4

{L^2} - {\rm{rate}}\,{(1 + t)^{- {{13} \over 4}}}

, which are faster than ones of themselves, and totally new as compared to Pu–Xu [Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 68:1, 2017] and Xi–Pu–Guo [Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 70:1, 2019].
Automated detection of clinical depression based on convolution neural network model
Authors: Yan Dan-Dan , Zhao Lu-Lu , Song Xin-Wang , Zang Xiao-Han , Yang Li-Cai
Published: February 2022

As a common mental disorder, depression is placing an increasing burden on families and society. However, the current methods of depression detection have some limitations, and it is essential to find an objective and efficient method. With the development of automation and artificial intelligence, computer-aided diagnosis has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, exploring the use of deep learning (DL) to detect depression has valuable potential. In this paper, convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to build a diagnostic model for depression based on electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG recordings are analyzed by three different CNN structures, namely EEGNet, DeepConvNet and ShallowConvNet, to dichotomize depression patients and healthy controls. EEG data were collected in the resting state from three electrodes (Fp1, Fz, Fp2) among 80 subjects (40 depressive patients and 40 normal subjects). After the preprocessing step, the DL structures are employed to classify the data, and their recognition performance is evaluated by comparing the classification results. The classification performance shows that depression was effectively detected using EEGNet with 93.74% accuracy, 94.85% sensitivity and 92.61% specificity. In the process of optimizing the parameters of EEGNet structure, the highest accuracy can reach 94.27%. Compared with traditional diagnostic methods, EEGNet is highly worthy for the future depression detection and valuable in terms of accuracy and speed.
Preparation and electroactuation of water-based polyurethane-based polyaniline conductive composites
Authors: Pan Wenxin , Chen Quan
Published: February 2022

Ionic polymer-based conductive composite is a new type of ionic electroactive polymer smart material, which is composed of two electrodes, the ion-exchange polymer matrix film and the polymer surface and is a three-layer sandwich structure. The conductive composite material has the advantages of flexibility, portability, and biocompatibility, which has attracted a large number of researchers to study it in the fields of biomimetic flexible actuators and biomedical materials, but the conventional matrix film has the disadvantage of high preparation cost. In this study, using sulfonated waterborne polyurethane membrane as matrix membrane and aniline as monomer, polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by in situ oxidation polymerization reaction, and the conductive composites with PANI as electrode were prepared. After applying alternating current electric field, a new brake with PANI as electrode is obtained. A low-frequency signal generator was used to study the electromechanical properties of the prepared materials. The results show that the waterborne polyurethane/PANI composite film produces a continuous and stable driving performance at 0.2 Hz and 20 V, and the maximum output displacement of the terminal is 40 mm. When the driving voltage and frequency are changed, the displacement output also changes, showing a good controllable performance. Its structure and morphology were characterized.
A compact high-gain key-shaped monopole antenna for RF sensitive environment, and X-Ku-band applications
Authors: Prasad Pratyancha , Singh Shiva Nand , Kumar Akhilesh
Published: February 2022

This paper describes a new design for a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed high gain key-shaped resonator based microstrip monopole antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB), X-band to Ku-band applications. An ellipse and circular combinational patch with three stepped transitions of appropriate dimensions at the lower edge and a circular parasitic patch at the back end is used in this proposed antenna. The antenna was simulated, constructed, and tested in order to show how the analysis worked. A modest profile of 0.30λ
0 × 0.16λ
0 is recommended for the proposed prototype. The designed antenna has a gain of 7.3 (dBi). It attained a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 146% with an impedance bandwidth of 2.95–19.15 GHz. The bandwidth of the Full Width Half Maxima (FWHM) is more than 17.38 GHz and ranges from 2.62 GHz to greater than 20 GHz. For validation, the proposed antenna’s equivalent lumped circuit model and the time domain to evaluate the transient behaviour of the antenna are presented. The findings of the experiment and simulation are found to be in concurrence. In comparison to previously reported structures, the developed antenna has a wider bandwidth, a higher gain, and a lower profile.
Microstructural and thermodynamic study of γ-Ga2O3
Authors: Zinkevich Matvei , Miguel Morales Francisco , Nitsche Heiko , Ahrens Martin , Rühle Manfred , Aldinger Fritz
Published: February 2022

The metastable nanocrystalline γ form of gallium oxide has been prepared and its microstructure and thermochemistry have been studied for the first time by employing X-ray and electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, adiabatic and differential scanning calorimetry. The randomly oriented crystallites of maximum 5 nm in size have been observed. The sponge-like morphology of γ-Ga2O3 particles may explain the high specific surface area, previously reported for this material. The defect spinel-type structure of γ-Ga2O3 is similar to that of γ and η-Al2O3. Up to 5.7 wt.% of water can be stored in γ-Ga2O3 and subsequently released at elevated temperatures. Dry γ-Ga2O3 specifically absorbs atmospheric water at room temperature. The transformation of γ-Ga2O3 into stable β-Ga2O3 occurs in two steps. In the range 650–800 K, γ'-Ga2O3 is formed in the course of a reversible higher-order phase transition. The latter irreversibly transforms into β-form above 873 K. The enthalpy of this exothermic transformation is determined as –19.3 ± 0.4 kJ · mol–1. The coefficients of the Gibbs energy equation for γ and γ'-Ga2O3 have been assessed.
Fracture parameters of chevron-notched Al2O3/Nb sandwich specimens
Authors: Bartsch Martin , Zhang Zhe-Feng , Scheu Christina , Rühle Manfred , Messerschmidt Ulrich
Published: February 2022

Fracture toughness tests were performed on Al2O3/Nb sandwich specimens using chevron-notched bending bars. These tests allow the independent determination of the fracture toughness K
c at a defined crack velocity and the total work of fracture J
c. The J
c values are much greater than the data for the energy release rate G
c following from K
c. The fracture surfaces were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results are discussed in terms of the fracture toughness of cleavage in the Al2O3 and severe plastic deformation in the Nb sheet.
Model of growth kinetics of nitrided layer in the binary Fe–N system
Authors: Ratajski Jerzy
Published: February 2022

The mathematical description of the kinetics of a layer development is subjectal to a continuous evolution connected with a growing amount of empirical data. Commencing with attempts to describe selected stages of this process, attempts are made at present to mathematically represent phenomena occurring in a gas atmosphere, on the boundary of gas-metal, and in a nitrided material, together with a description of mutual dependencies between these phenomena. The model proposed in this paper, which describes the growth of the zones of a layer nitrided in conditions of a diffusion quasi-equilibrium, is a simple and convenient tool allowing for both the determination of nitrogen diffusion coefficients in the layer’s monophase zones and for forecasting the growth of the layer’s zones as a function of the time of the process and the nitrogen potential.
Einfluss von Molybdän auf die Beständigkeit von Stahlanoden zum Verchromen in „Chromispel-C“-Elektrolyten
Authors: Mantcheva R.
Published: February 2022

Die Beständigkeit und das Anodenverhalten verschiedener Stahlarten, die Molybdän in „Chromispel-C“-Elektrolyten festhalten, wird untersucht. Ziel ist es, geeignete Anoden zu finden, da die klassischen Bleianoden sehr schnell in diesen Elektrolyten unter unkontrollierter Freisetzung von Chlorgas zerstört werden. Es wurde der Einfluss der Verweildauer in der Wanne, die Natur des Anodenmaterials sowie die Anodenstromdichte untersucht. Mit zunehmender Verchromungszeit und Stromdichte nimmt die Geschwindigkeit der chemischen und elektrochemischen Zerstörung der Anoden zu. Ein höherer Gehalt an Molybdän führt zu keiner Verbesserung der chemischen Beständigkeit. Diese lässt sich jedoch durch die Anwesenheit von Silizium in Stählen positiv beeinflussen. Die Schutzwirkung des Molybdäns zeigt sich deutlicher, wenn der Wanne elektrischer Strom zugeleitet wird. Wenn Stahl mit anderen leicht passivierenden Metallen (Ti, Al, u. a.) kombiniert wird, ist die Geschwindigkeit der elektrochemischen Korrosion am niedrigsten. Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen gegenwärtiger Theorien über den passiven Zustand der Metalle diskutiert.
Fractal approach to the fluidity of a cement mortar
Authors: He Chun-Hui , Liu Chao
Published: February 2022

The fluidity of a cement mortar is a key factor for 3-D printing technology and cement-based materials. This paper introduces the measurement of the fluidity according China’s national standard, and a mathematical model is established to reveal main factors affecting the measure accuracy. The result shows the fluidity reveals mainly the rheological property of the mortar, but it is also affected by other measuring conditions, e.g., the vibration properties of the measuring table.