bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTARA BENCI DAN RINDU: HUBUNGAN INDONESIA-MALAYSIA DAN ISU TENAGA KERJA ILEGAL DI MALAYSIA
Authors: Maiwan Mohammad
Published: May 2020

The objective of this research is to get adeguate explanation and understanding to Indonesia-Malaysia relation in related to solving problem of the illegal workers. The method was using descriptive and qualitative. This study shows, that illegal workers was a serious problem which give impact to the Indonesia-Malaysia relations. In Malaysia contexs, its can be impact to the economy, social, security and etc. Nevertheless, Indonesian government must be take integrative and comprehensive program through good recruitment, regulation, advocation and administrative services.
MARGINALISASI MASYARAKAT ADAT
Authors: Hendra Djaja
Published: May 2020

Entering the 21st century this far, discourses of adat communities is resurfacing. They are presented because the peoplesâ€Ÿ basic rights and ownership over agricultural resources are disturbed and trembled by the greediness of the ruling regime. In the midst of their powerlessness they are expelled from their socio-cultural attachment, and even more they are wiped out from the population map of a nation. But every regime always bring their own interpretation that leads to the elimination of the recognition of indigenous peoples. Transition of regime to Indonesians does not necessarily change the mentality and the culture that have been firmly embedded (embeddedness), but rather the new regime acts, without any embarrassment and awkward feelings, as successor in the marginalization of the adat communities and inherently their agrarian resources. Actually it is a "misguided thought" of the regime over their own adat communities. The implication therefore indicates that it is a necessity that the existence of indigenous peoples means, at the same time, the recognition of social relations in the society, the nation and the state.
PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN MENGOPTIMALISASIKAN PEMAHAMAN PERBEDAAN BUDAYA WARGA MASYARAKAT INDONESIA DALAM KAJIAN MANIFESTASI PLURALISME DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Adha Muhammad Mona
Published: May 2020

Pluralism in Indonesia is a wealth of experience to the citizens to be able to coexist in harmony. The main value of mutual respect and love between people is an important concern in Indonesia in the future to build a more cultured. Discourse of "global village" is a part of life's internalization structure that should be able to be adapted as a process of modern life in the era of globalization. Values â€‹â€‹corresponding to the ideal conception of Indonesian culture can be developed that do not fade due process undertaken transnational citizens in generating diversity. Education, understanding, pluralistic, and democratic become an absolute key to contribute in teaching the people to live in harmony in unity and unity.
POTENSI EKONOMI PADA KOLONG BEKAS PENAMBANGAN TIMAH DI KABUPATEN BANGKA, PROVINSI BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Hotimah Oot
Published: May 2020

The development of the tin mining industry in Bangka Bangka Belitung has contributed very significantly to the economy of communities in the region. But on the other hand, these activities also have a negative effect in the form of reduced mangrove forests, destruction of soil, polluted water sources, as well as the emergence of pits (pit) excavated and others. So far under the utilization of tin in Bangka Island is not optimal. Economically, the potential pit can be used as a source of raw water, aquaculture, or recreational water. This can be done through environmental reclamation. Technically goal of rehabilitation is to restore the soil conditions for stable and not prone to erosion. From the economical and aesthetic aspects of land, soil conditions improved so that the value or economic potential can be restored at least its original state. From the aspect of the ecosystem, ecosystem condition to attempt the return of the original ecosystem.
DINAMIKA PEMBUATAN PERATURAN DAERAH TENTANG WAJIB BELAJAR MADRASAH DINIYAH TAKMILIYAH AWALIYAH DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Fauzan Indra , Taher Zakaria
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

This study is focused to the making process of local regulations on compulsory education Takmilihan Awaliyah Madrasah Diniyah. As for the reason researchers reviewing this research due to the Change of religious-based Perda is first of all that there is in the city of Medan. In the process of its compilation will certainly undergo Dynamics refers to the context of the city of Medan that heterogeneity. As for the research methods used in this study using qualitative method through a descriptive approach, so that research results can eventually be clearly reflected the problems that arise from the creation of the religion-based Change. Results from the study found that there is little the dynamics in the endorsement on the plenary meeting of the MDTA Perda Kota Medan initially some faction representative in Medan city requesting that a deeper discussion done against Perda MDTA, because it is related to the spirit of promoting diversity that exists in the city of Medan.

Keywords: Perda MDTA, diversity, compulsory education, legislative.
EFEKTIVITAS REHABILITASI DAN POLA PEMBINAAN TERHADAP PECANDU NARKOTIKA DI BALAI BESAR REHABILITASI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL INDONESIA LIDO BOGOR
Authors: Timoera Dwi Afrimetty , Martono Agus
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

This study aims to obtain empirical data, and reliable information about the effectiveness of rehabilitation and development patterns of the drug addict at the Center for Rehabilitation of the National Narcotics Agency Indonesia-Lido, Bogor. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The pattern of development in the institution more emphasis on behavior change, by conducting medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is divided into two major phases, namely the phase of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation phase. Medical rehabilitation includes detoxification and entry. While social rehabilitation phase includes primary phase and re-entry phase. Rehabilitation and development patterns are effective against drug addicts. This can be seen with the recovery rate of the resident and the resident's rate of return using drugs. But it is also influenced by many factors, both internal and external.

Keywords: Rehabilitation, patteration, drug addicts.
PENDUDUK POLITIK PADA PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR PROPINSI DAERAH KHUSUS IBU KOTA JAKARTA 2017: Dinamika Data Pemilih Putaran Pertama dan Putaran Kedua
Authors: Rahmatulloh Rahmatulloh
Published: May 2020

This Study is to describe the updating of voters data used in the 2017 Gubernatorial and Vice Governor Election both in the first and second rounds. Description begins from the residence data of the Ministry of Home Affairs in the form of DP4 submitted to the KPU to be updated and the final result becomes DPT. The problem of voters data arises regarding the certainty of population data that has not fully reached the development of the population due to the limitations so that the voters use the proof of residence in the form of Electronic ID and Suket in DPTb for voting in TPS. The result of data voters local election in DKI 2017 accuracy level still not according to public expectation.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN DAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH SISWA SMA NEGERI 27JAKARTA
Authors: Ibrahim Nurzengky
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to reveal the effect of Emotional Intelligence Learning Method and the History of Student Learning Outcomes SMAN Jakarta. Metode experimental method used is to design treatments by level 2 x 2 with variable outcome variables studied history and learning methods as well as one independent variable 2 emotional intelligence. The results showed (1) The study of high school students who follow the history of learning methods sociodramatic higher than students who take conventional learning methods, (2) there is a significant interaction effect between emotional intelligence learning methods and learning outcomes history of high school students. (3) for students with high emotional intelligence learning methods sociodramatic better learning outcomes than conventional learning methods, and (4) for students who have low emotional intelligence with conventional teaching methods better learning outcomes than learning methods sociodramatic. It can be concluded that the method of teaching sociodramatic can improve learning outcomes for students with a history of high emotional intelligence.
KEBIJAKAN APLIKASI QLUE DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH DI PROPINSI DAERAH KHUSUS IBUKOTA JAKARTA (STUDI DESKRIPTIF DI KELURAHAN TENGAH, KECAMATAN KRAMAT JATI, JAKARTA TIMUR)
Authors: Rafiansa Reza , Sumadi Tjipto , Maiwan Mohammad
Published: May 2020

This research is encouraged by the rejection of Jakarta Government Policy which requires the Head of Neighborhood Association (RT) and Community Association (RW) to use Qlue Application in helping the government to overcome the City problem. Research method used is descriptive method within qualitative approach. The informants in this research are Heads of RT and RW. Key Informants are Head of Administrative Village, Governmental Peace of Order Section, and Economic Development Section at Kelurahan Tengah. The results of the research show that Application of Qlue Application Policy has been running well. This is seen from the fulfillment of Evaluation Indicators of the effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy and responsiveness. While the Impact of Development is caused by the Report of City Problems that encourages the creation of Regional Development which is seen from the improvement of service, the development, empowerment, and the participation of citizens in following up the Qlue report.
PANCASILA DAN SUMPAH “PALAPA” GADJAH MADA
Authors: Hendra Djaja
Published: May 2020

The presence of Pancasila nowadays and in the future or the spirit of “Palapa” oath in the past, is functioned as the attaching base and the unity – device for Indonesian nation and its archipelago. We realize truly that this nation consists of various tribes, religions, languages, ethnics, groups, ecology, etc; it needs to be kept, to be preserved, to be conserved. If it is ignored, it can ‘explode’ in anytime so that it needs in depth thinking and strategies to handle and to finish it. That thing has to be done so that it will not make any difficulty in the next day, so it has to be on a passion, maintained and fought for about the Pancasila and the spirit of “Palapa” oath. As the attachment device of the nation, both Pancasila and Palapa oath are taken from the root of the culture of the nation itself: so that it become familiar, close and usual for us as a nation. Though, both of them present according to the situation of the era, they are believed be able to be the ideology of a country, Indonesia nation. Keyword: Pancasila, Oath, explode, unity-device, ideology
PELAKSANAAN DAK FISIK BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DI KABUPATEN AGAM
Authors: Sari Lisna Sulinar
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to find out the implementation of the Physical Special Allocation Fund (DAK) in the Basic Education level in Agam Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach. Respondents were Head of Elementary and junior SecondarySchool Division, as well as managers of Physical DAK in Elementary and Middle School. Data collection were carried out using clustered group discussions (DKT) and secondary data. Analysis data used qualitative descriptive technique. The results of the study show that the implementation of education infrastructure improvement is carried out in a self-managed manner and the procurement of educational facilities is carried out by auction or by e-catalog. All of the education infrastructure improvements can be carried out (100%) both in elementary and junior high schools. Whereas not all can be implemented to improve education facilities, especially in elementary schools. To procure library collections in the Elementary School, Elementary School Division in the regency must refund as much as IDR 2.6 billion, because it cannot carry out the procurement of library collections due to the absence of providers who pass the selection for auction. Procurement of educational equipment and media can be implemented in Junior Secondary School, because all goods needed in the procurement of equipment and educational media are in the e-catalog, making it easier for DAK managers to procure an increase in educational facilities. In addition, the ecatalog procurement process is faster and safer.
Modeling and Numerical Implementation of Managed-Pressure-Drilling Systems for the Assessment of Pressure-Control Systems
Authors: Lordejani Sajad Naderi , Abbasi Mohammad H. , Velmurugan Naveen , Berg Christian , Stakvik Jon Å. , Besselink Bart , Iapichino Laura , Di Meglio Florent , Schilders W. H. A. , van de Wouw Nathan
Published: May 2020

Automated managed-pressure drilling (MPD) is a method to enhance downhole pressure-control performance and safety during drilling operations. It is becoming more common to use model-based simulation for the evaluation of pressure-control systems designed for MPD automation before using those in the field. This demands a representative hydraulics-simulation model that captures the relevant aspects of a drilling system. This paper presents such a model and an approach to numerically implement that model for simulation studies. The complexity of this simulation model should be limited, first, to support effective numerical implementation and, second and most importantly, to allow for the analysis of the behavior and performance of the automated pressure-control systems during the controller-design phase. To this end, aspects of a drilling system that can considerably affect the performance of the automated MPD system are captured in the model. This hydraulics model incorporates both the distributed and multiphase-flow nature of a drilling system. Moreover, it captures nonlinear boundary conditions at the inlet of the drillstring, at the drill bit, and choke manifold, and also the variations in the cross-sectional area of the flow path. Model validations against field data from real-life MPD operations and simulations of industry-relevant scenarios indicate that these aspects are effectively captured in the model and preserved during the numerical implementation.
Where is an emotion? Using targeted visceroception as a method of improving emotion regulation in healthy participants to inform suicide prevention initiatives: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Davey Steven , Bell Elliot , Halberstadt Jamin , Collings Sunny
Published: May 2020

Background William James’ 1884 paper “What is an emotion?” has generated much recent interest in affective science regarding somatic contributions to emotion. Studies of interoception (“sensing the physiological condition of the body”) suggest that sensing specific parts of the body contribute to the production of emotion, namely when sensing the viscera (i.e. ‘visceroception’ of the heart, gut or lungs). Improved visceroception has, for instance, been linked to increased emotional intensity, suggesting a role for interoception in emotion regulation that may pertain specifically to visceral bodily locations. Thus, in addition to asking James’ question, “What is an emotion?”, we ask, “Where is an emotion?”. Further, there is an evidence base pointing to the connections between emotion regulation and suicide, and between interoception and suicide. This is a preliminary trial investigating whether targeted interoception/visceroception improves emotion regulation. Ultimately, the overall project aims to inform suicide prevention efforts. Methods The trial utilises a pre-test/post-test control group design, with two experimental groups undergoing visceroceptive interventions (gut or heart focus) and a control group. The interventions will run for 8 weeks. A spatial cueing task will measure reaction times to bodily changes pertaining to gut or heart focus. A stop/signal task will measure emotional inhibition, which is hypothesised to obscure awareness of active bodily locations. Visceroceptive ability will be tracked using a heartbeat estimation task, a water load test, and by self-report questionnaire. The sample will consist of healthcare professionals and healthcare students. Despite these being groups that represent a relatively high suicide risk among professional and student groups, all participants will be healthy, given the preliminary nature of this trial. Discussion To our knowledge, this will be the first project to address whether emotional feeling presents as a localised bodily phenomenon and whether trained awareness of emotional localisation can improve emotion regulation. It will also be the first to investigate relationships between interoception and emotional inhibition (i.e. whether a sustained interoceptive practice leads to the disinhibition of bodily emotional sensations, which can positively contribute to emotion regulation). These empirical findings on emotion regulation from a healthy sample will be used to inform a desk-based enquiry into the role of embodied emotion in suicide prevention, which may make a significant contribution to a growing evidence base on interoception and suicide.
Interventionist videothermometry: A new model of cardiac ischemia evaluation
Authors: Silva Tomas Tomas Ottoni Barroso da , Vidal Leonardo Waldstein de Moura , Cabral Paula Gebe Abreu , Costa Matheus Roberto da Mota , Cadena Silvia Marcela Ruiz , Junior Marcelo Borges Santos , Antunes Fernanda , Oliveira André Lacerda de Abreu
Published: May 2020

Background The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, through videothermometry, the temperature variation in the hearts of rabbits, that underwent induced myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Results A total of 20 female rabbits, were divided into two groups: a treated group and a sham group. Throughout the experiment, the animals were monitored by videothermometry, observing the thermal variations of the myocardial tissue. During the experiment, at different times, blood gas tests and tests to evaluate the lactate concentrations were performed. At the end of the experiment, each heart was submitted to histopathological evaluation. In the treated group, there was a reduction in temperature of the myocardial tissue during the circulatory arrest compared to the sham group. Additionally, a colder area next to the caudal vena cava ostium and the right atrium was observed. Notably, despite the 5 minutes of cardiac arrest in the treated group, both the lactate and bicarbonate levels were maintained without significant variation. However, there was an increase in PaCO2 and pH reduction, featuring respiratory acidosis. In relation to the histopathological study, the presence of hydropic degeneration in the myocardium of animals in the treated group was observed. Conclusions Based on these results, the videothermometry was efficient in identifying the range of myocardial tissue temperature, suggesting that the first areas to suffer due to cardiac arrest were the caudal vena cava ostium and the right atrium. However, in regard to the angiographic coronary thermography, the study was not feasible due to the small size of the coronary. There was no variation between the groups regarding the presence of myocardial infarction, myocardial congestion, myocardial edema and myocardial hemorrhage.
Bio-Banding in Junior Soccer Players – a Pilot Study
Authors: Romann Michael , Lüdin Dennis , Born Dennis-Peter
Published: May 2020

Objective Bio-banding (BB) has been introduced to account for varying maturity and to improve the talent development of junior soccer players. To date, research that investigated the physiological and technical effects of BB is sparse. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare effects of BB with CA on selected technical and tactical parameters in U13 and U14 soccer players. Results BB significantly increased the number of duels (p =0.024) and set pieces (p =0.025) compared to chronological age. The mean time of ball possession per action was reduced (p =0.021) and the rate of successful passes was lower with BB (p =0.001). Meanwhile, the total number of passes was unaffected (p =0.796), and there was a trend towards a lower difference in ball possession between BB teams (p =0.058). In addition, BB reduced the distances covered while jogging (p= 0.001), running (p= 0.038) and high-speed running (p= 0.035). With BB, an increased number of duels, unsuccessful passes and set pieces resulted in a quicker change of match play situations between teams. While physical demand was reduced, BB seems to result in a more technically and tactically challenging game. Benefits in long-term player development, however, require further investigation.
Schistosoma japonicum infected sentinel mice surveillance and spatial point pattern analysis in Hubei province, China, 2010-2018
Authors: Chen Yan-Yan , Liu Si , Shan Xiao-Wei , Wang Hui , Li Bo , Yang Jun-Jing , Dai Ling-Feng , Liu Jian-Bing , Li Guo
Published: May 2020

Background
Progress in national schistosomiasis control in China has successfully reduced disease transmission in many districts. However, a low transmission rate hinders conventional snail surveys in identifying areas at risk. In this study, Schistosoma japonicum infected sentinel mice surveillance was conducted to identify high risk areas of schistosomiasis transmission in Hubei province, China.
Methods
The risk of schistosomiasis transmission was assessed using sentinel mice monitoring in Hubei province from 2010 to 2018. Field detections were carried out in June and September and the sentinel mice were kept for approximately 35 days in a laboratory. Then they were dissected to determine whether schistosome infection was present. Ripley’s K-function and kernel density estimation were applied to analyze the spatial distribution and positive point pattern of schistosomiasis transmission.
Results
A total of 190 sentinel mouse surveillance sites were selected to detect areas of schistosomiasis infection from 2010 to 2018, with 29 sites showing infected mice (15.26%).A total of 4723 mice were dissected and112 infected mice containing 256 adult worms were detected. The infection rate was 2.37% and an average of 2.28 worms was detected per infected mouse. Significantly more infected mice were detected in June samples than in September samples (x2 = 12.11, P < 0.01).Ripley's L(d) index analysis showed that, when distance was less than or equal to 34.52 km, the sentinel mice infection pattern showed aggregation, with the strongest aggregation occurring at 7.86 km. Three hotspots were detected using kernel density estimation, namely: at the junction of Jingzhou District, Gong’an County and Shashi District in Jingzhou City; in Wuhan city at the border of the Huangpi and Dongxihu Districts and in the Hanan and Caidian Districts.
Conclusion
The results showed sentinel mice surveillance was useful in identifying high-risk areas and could provide valuable information for schistosomiasis prevention and control, especially concerning areas along the Yangtze River such as the Fu-Lun, Dongjing-Tongshun and Juzhang River basins.
Single-cell RNA seq analysis identifies the biomarkers and differentiation of chondrocyte in human osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Huang Nianlai , Huang Rongfu , Wang Liangming , Ke Qingfeng , Cai Liquan , Wu Shiqiang
Published: May 2020

Background： Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was recently adopted for exploring molecular programmes and lineage progression patterns of pathogenesis of important diseases. In this study, we use scRNA-seq to identify potential markers for chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA) and explore the function of different types of chondrocytes in OA. Methods：Here we aimed to identifies the biomarkers and differentiation of chondrocyte by Single-cell RNA seq analysis. GO and KEGG analysis were used to prove the function of candidate marker genes in chondrocytes. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to found the hub genes in 3 types of chondrocyte respectively. We also used qRT-PCR to detect the expression level of the candidate marker genes in different types of chondrocyte. Results： In this study, we characterized the single-cell expression profiling of 480 chondrocyte samples and found hypertrophic chondrocyte (HTC), homeostatic chondrocyte (HomC) and fibrocartilage chondrocyte (FC) respectively. The results of GO and KEGG analysis to the candidate marker genes of 3 types of chondrocyte. showed the candidate marker genes made specific function in these chondrocytes to regulate the development of OAs respectively. We further revealed the differential expression of top 10 marker genes of 3 types of chondrocyte in different type of chondrocytes. The marker genes of HTC and FC were mainly expressed in their respective cell. The marker genes of HomC did not have obviously differential expression among different types of chondrocyte. Last, we proved the key genes in each cell subset. CD44, JUN and FN1 were proved tightly related to the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in OAs and could be regarded as biomarkers to estimate the development of OA. Conclusion： Our results provide new insights into exploring the roles of different types of chondrocyte in OA. The biomarkers of chondrocyte were also valuable for estimating OA progression.
Prevalence and Predictors of Use of Herbal Medicines Among The Most Recently Delivered Mothers in Tabora Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Kessy Anna Tengia , Msalale George Chombe
Published: May 2020

Background In most of sub-Sahara African countries, herbal medicines are widely used during pregnancy and labor for various motives despite their unclear pharmacology and potential toxicity. Considering the Sustainable Development Goals, exposure to herbs during pregnancy should be restricted to safeguard the health of mothers and newborns. Thus, this study aims to assess the proportion of mothers using herbal medicines during pregnancy and delivery and to determine factors associated with the practice.Methods We used an interview schedule to gather information among 340 mothers who delivered a live baby in the preceding two years. Using a two-stage-sampling technique, we selected and interviewed mothers at the health facilities. We compared proportions using chi-square test. We performed a Poisson logistic regression analysis to determine independent predictors of herbal use.Results Over 60% of mothers in Tabora municipality used herbal medicines during pregnancy and delivery. Major reasons for use were shortening of labor duration, 81 (38.9%) and reducing labor pain, 58 (27.9%). Independent predictors of herbal use were distance to the nearest health facility, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.00,1.25], perception of safety about herbs, [aPR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.05,1.29] and health care providers stance on the use of herbs, [aPR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.04,1.25].Conclusion Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and delivery in Tanzania is high. Researchers should consider designing comprehensive investigations on adverse effects of herbs to the mother and the fetus. Furthermore, health care providers ought to include health education messages during antenatal visits on the undesirable effects of using herbs.
High incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, Chongqing, China
Authors: Tao Yang , Cheng Panke , Chen Wen , Wan Peng , Chen Yaokai , Yuan Guodan , Chen Junjie , Huo Da , Guan Ge , Sun Dayu , Tan Ju , Yang Guanyuan , Zeng Wen , Zhu Chuhong
Published: May 2020

Background SARS-CoV-2 has been a global pandemic, but the emergence of asymptomatic patients has caused difficulties in the prevention of the epidemic. Therefore, it is significant to understand the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In this single-center, retrospective and observational study, we collected data from 167 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center (Chongqing, China) from January to March 2020. The epidemiological characteristics and variable of these patients were collected and analyzed. Findings 82.04% of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients had a travel history in Wuhan or a history of contact with returnees from Wuhan, showing typical characteristics of imported cases, and the proportion of severe Covid-19 patients was 13.2%, of which 59% were imported from Wuhan. For the patients who was returnees from Wuhan, 18.1% was asymptomatic patients. In different infection periods, compared with the proportion after 1/31/2020, the proportion of asymptomatic patient among SARS-CoV-2 infected patient was higher(19% VS 1.5%). In different age groups, the proportion of asymptomatic patient was the highest(28.6%) in children group under 14, next in elder group over 70 (27.3%). Compared with mild and common Covid-19 patients, the mean latency of asymptomatic was longer (11.25 days VS 8.86 days), but the hospital length of stay was shorter (14.3 days VS 16.96 days). Conclusion The SARS-CoV-2 prevention needs to focus on the screening of asymptomatic patients in the community with a history of contact with the imported population, especially for children and the elderly population.
Development of a simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) system based fluorescence real-time isothermal RNA amplification for rapid detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula
Authors: Wu Riqin , Song Xiaojiao , Gong Xiaoping , Wang Gang , Wang Xinsheng , Ma Wolong , Zhang Luan , Liu Qijun , Liu Xifu , Xing Fuguo
Published: May 2020

Contamination of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formulas is a severe food safety problem. The present study developed a rapid and sensitive Simultaneous Amplification and Testing (SAT) system for the detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula. SAT detection system is based on fluorescence real-time isothermal RNA amplification and mainly includes pre-enrichment, RNA isolation and detection by fluorescence real-time RNA isothermal amplification. The amplification targets 16 s/23 s rRNA for the specific detection and rapid identification of Cronobacter spp. and can accurately detect viable strains in infant formulas and other food products. Here, six C. sakazakii strains and 25 references strains were examined using one pair of primers, having the accuracy of 100% in reference to conventional methods like ISO-IDF 22964 and real-time PCR. The SAT assay was proved to be highly sensitive with a detection limit of 102 CFU/mL without pre-enrichment for powdered infant formula. After 3 h, 4 h and 8 h enrichment, the sensitivity was increased up to 100, 10− 1 and 10− 3 CFU/mL of Cronobacter spp., respectively. The SAT system including pre-enrichment performed for Cronobacter spp. detection was less than 4 h, dramatically shortened, in comparison to several days using standard culturing method and overnight using pre-enrichment real-time PCR method. And more importantly, the SAT assay can accurately distinguish viable strains from the dead one. Taken together, the SAT assay combined with pre-enrichment established in the present study should provide a rapid, sensitive, efficient and specific method for direct detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula. Moreover, a full automatic food-borne pathogenic bacteria detector was developed based on the SAT assay.
When altruists cannot help: The influence of altruism on mental health during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Feng Yi , Dong Dan , Zong Min , Yang Zhizun , Qiao Zhihong
Published: May 2020

Background The positive predictive effect of altruism on physical and psychological well-being has been extensively demonstrated in previous studies, but few studies have examined the effect of altruism on negative mental health outcomes when altruists cannot perform altruistic behaviors. This study explored the influence of altruism on negative affect and mental health (anxiety and depression) during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, when people self-isolated at home in China.Method: College students were recruited via a cross-sectional online survey during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Self-reported perceived risk, altruism, negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item PHQ depression scale (PHQ-9). A structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating and moderating effects on mental health.Results The final sample comprised 1346 Chinese participants (Mage = 19.76 ± 2.23 years, 73% female). Overall, the higher risk people perceived, the more negative affect they exhibited (β = 0.16, p < .001); thus, the more anxious and depressed they felt (β = 0.134, p < .001), but this relationship between risk perception and negative affect was moderated by altruism. Paradoxical to previous studies, the increase in negative affect associated with increased perceived risk was pronounced among individuals with high altruism ( t = 7.68, p < .001).Conclusions Individuals with high altruism exhibited more negative affect, indirectly increasing their anxiety and depressive symptoms. The findings enrich the theory of altruism and provide valuable insight into the influence of altruism on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak.
What is the Impact of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yin Xiaohan , Zhao Chen , Yang YuMei , Shi HuiFeng , Wu TianChen , Xie JiaLei , Niu JieQiong , Wang XiaoLi , Fang Jin
Published: May 2020

Background:Breastfeeding is a well-established and recommended intervention for better development of infants. In China, less than one third of infants are exclusive breastfed at 6 months of age. Maternal rural-to-urban migration contributes to these low rates of breastfeeding practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and associated factors among rural-to-urban migrant childrenand local children with infants aged 0-6 months in China, 2018.Methods:Data were collected from a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2018 that included 6995 infants from 8 urban areas in China with available measures of breastfeeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding practices was calculated by maternal floating status and logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between them, after adjusting for social-demographic characteristics, mother-infant health information and supportive information. For exclusive breastfeeding, we calculated the prevalence and its association with maternal rural-to-urban migration, stratified by maternal education level, maternal resident place and maternal ethnicity, respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of ever breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and age-appropriate breastfeeding was 79.52%, 29.84%, 60.00% and 45.05%, respectively. Rural-to-urban migrant children were less likely to be exclusively breastfed compared to local children (AOR=0.80, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95). Stratified by different social-demographic variables, a negative association between exclusive breastfeeding and rural-to-urban migration was only found in the group with high education level, in the group living in metropolis and in the group of minorities, respectively. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of breastfeeding practices was low in both rural-to-urban migrant children and local children. Besides common strategies, special approaches should be provided for migrants with high education, living in metropolis and being minorities.
Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves rumen fermentation, antioxidant capability, and immune function in dairy calves before weaning
Authors: Liu Wenhui , La A La Teng Zhu , Evans Alexander , Gao Shengtao , Yu Zhongtang , Bu Dengpan , Ma Lu
Published: May 2020

Background
Short-chain fatty acids including butyrate have received increasing research interest as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of calves before weaning. Healthy Holstein female calves (4-day-old; 40 ± 5 kg of body weight) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 10 per group). The control group was fed no SB (SB0), while the other groups were supplemented with 2% (SB2), 4% (SB4), or 6% (SB6) of SB/kg of dry matter. All calves were housed in individual hutches.
Results
The SB supplementation enhanced growth rate and improved feed conversion into body weight gain compared with the SB0 group. At 60 days of age, the rumen fluid pH increases quadratically with increased SB supplementation, and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration of rumen fluid in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the SB0 group. There was a quadratic effect that indicated that the SB4 treatment was most effective in reducing the NH3-N concentration. The concentration of volatile fatty acids and Acetic: Propionic in rumen fluid were not affected by SB in any groups. At 28 days of age, the serum level of maleic dialdehyde of the SB groups was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum of group SB4 was significantly increased compared with the that of the control group. At 28 days of age, SB had a quadratic effect on serum immunoglobulin A concentration, with the greatest increase being observed in group SB4. At 60 days of age, the serum immunoglobulin G concentration increased linearly as SB levels increased.
Conclusions
Under the conditions of this study, there were positive effects of SB supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant ability, and immune function in calves before weaning. We recommended 4% as the optimal SB supplementation level to improve growth, antioxidant and immune function of calves before weaning.
The magnetic, magnetic entropy and critical behavior studies in La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 around magnetic phase transition temperature.
Authors: Iqbal Mazhar , Khan Muhammad Nasir , Khan Ayaz Arif , Shahzad Khurram , Zaka Imran , Javed Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Magnetocaloric and critical phenomenon investigations were carried out in the crystalline La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 samples prepared through solid state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and its Rietveld refinement using Rietica software confirmed the crystalline phase purity of rhombohedral structure with space group \(R\bar{3}c\). From magnetic measurements, the Ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition was observed at TC ~ 285K. The maximum change in magnetic entropy (\(Delta{S}^{max}_M\)) and relative cooling power (RCP) extracted from magnetic measurements were 3.02 J/kg K and 142.00 J/kg at an applied magnetic field (moH) of 4T. Griffiths phase (GP) with a susceptibility exponent λ = 0.44 was also detected in temperature range of TC < T < TG. Critical exponential analysis indicated the 3D-Ising model like magnetic phase transition at TC. Critical exponent’s reliability was confirmed using models such as universal scaling equations of state and Widom scaling relation. Magnetic entropy change follows the law ΔSM = (moH)n for n = 0.46.
A signature of glucose metabolism and DNA methylation improves prognostic prediction for urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Zhuonan , Sun Tianshui , Zhang Zhe , Bi Jianbin , Kong Chuize
Published: May 2020

Background: Glucose metabolism and DNA methylation have been previously proved to play important roles in cancers. However, few studies have explored the potential connections between abnormal glucose metabolism and DNA methylation in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to screen out glucose metabolism-related genes that were DNA methylation associated in order to establish a promising signature for the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA).Methods: With transcriptome data of BLCA samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and methylation data downloaded from TCGA data base 450K microarray, glucose metabolism-related genes that were simultaneously methylation modulated and survival associated were obtained and a prognostic signature was established. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed for identification of gene and pathway enrichment. Two most methylation-related risky genes were selected to conduct functional validations. Results: 18 target genes were identified and the samples were survival-significantly divided into two groups by using the signature. Via multivariate Cox analysis, we considered the signature an independent prognostic factor. Several biological processes and signaling pathways were enriched in the high-risk group according to GSEA results and three modules of genes were identified by WGCNA. We demonstrated that UCHL1 and PYCR1 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. Conclusions: The signature based on the 18 target genes could serve as an independent prognostic factor for urinary bladder cancer patients.
Acting against obesity: a cross-cultural analysis of prevention models in Spain, Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Gracia-Arnaiz Mabel , Demonte Flavia , Kraemer Fabiana Bom
Published: May 2020

Background: In contexts where prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly, sociocultural causes acquire greater explanatory power as opposed to biological and/or behavioural factors. These models premise worsening diets and sedentary lifestyles as being the main culprits and assume that contemporary societies generate obesogenic and toxic environments. This article analyses and compares preventive models for obesity in Spain, Argentina and Brazil through an examination of the respective measures adopted to counter it in those countries. The primary aim is to delineate the conceptual framework and reflect on the reasons for their relative effectiveness. Methods: This qualitative study is based on the content analysis of programmes developed by the Spanish, Argentinian and Brazilian health authorities to deal with obesity from 2005 to the present. The texts have been carefully collated by accessing the health ministry websites classifying them according to subject, year of publication and implementation, their specific objectives and proposals for action. A total of 46 documents were selected during 2017-19. In a complementary way, statistical sources have been used in order to better understand changes in living conditions and health. Results: Over the last fifteen years, the international health bodies have developed specific strategies to control and prevent obesity based on a global diagnosis, whose features have been supported by these three countries. Although the measures reflect certain particularities, they conform to a common pattern organised from platforms promoting so-called “healthy lifestyles” for all. Most of the measures taken have minimized consideration of the social determinants of health, ignoring that epidemiological sources and statistics indicate that obesity rates have increased most quickly among individuals of low socioeconomic status during this period. In general, the responses have been formulated without further research into the different dimensions of obesity, either because they have been short-term, not based on diagnoses adjusted to each context. Conclusions : The discussion suggests that the excessive emphasis on individual responsibility and the underplaying of the role of food as a complex practice, as well as changing structural factors and the differential distribution of this disease, might largely explain the limited impact of these strategies. Key words : food; obesity; health policies; preventive model; social inequality; cross-cultural analysis.
Rural-urban disparities and factors associated with delayed care seeking for fever by mothers of under-five children, Igabi LGA, Kaduna Nigeria.
Authors: Babalola Obafemi Joseph , Ajumobi Olufemi , Ajayi IkeOluwapo O.
Published: May 2020

Background

Fever in under-five children (U5) is the commonest presenting complaint in general practice and mothers’ recognition is an entry point for fever treatment including malaria. This study describes rural - urban disparity in fever prevalence, mothers’ malaria knowledge, and care seeking for fever in U5 and the associated factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 630 mother-child pairs [rural (300) and urban (330)] selected randomly using a multi-stage sampling from 63 villages in Igabi LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Trained female data collectors administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire to collect information on mother-child demographic profiles, malaria knowledge, fever episodes in birth order last child in two weeks prior to survey, and care - seeking for fever within 48 hours of onset. Care sought for fever > 48 hours of onset was defined as delayed care seeking. Malaria knowledge was categorized into good, average and poor if the final scores is ≥ 75 th , 50 th - 74 th , and < 50 th percentiles, respectively. Frequency, proportions, and odds ratio were calculated. Statistically significant was set at p-value < 0.05.

Results

The median age (interquartile range) of rural mothers was 30 (IQR, 10) years compared to 27 (IQR, 6) years in urban. Of the 70.0% (441/629) U5 children with fever, 58.5% (258/441) were in rural settlements. A third of the mothers whose child had fever sought care. Mothers in rural settlement were 2.7 (CI: 1.8 – 4.2, p < 0.01) times more likely to delay care seeking for fever, and those with no knowledge of malaria transmission were 70% less likely to seek care (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.2 – 0.7). On the other hand, poor perception of malaria as a major health problem (OR: 2.1, CI: 1.4 – 3.1), and poor knowledge of cause of malaria (OR: 1.7, CI: 1.1 – 2.5) were associated with delayed seeking for fever among urban mothers.

Conclusions

Disparity existed between fever prevalence in U5 children, care -seeking practices by their mothers, and factors associated with delayed care seeking for fever. Fever treatment for high impact malaria elimination needs a context specific intervention rather than ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Also, intensify efforts to educate mothers on malaria.
Epidemiological and clinical features of imported and local patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hainan, China
Authors: Wu Biao , Lei Zi-Ying , Wu Kun-Liang , He Jian-Rong , Cao Hui-Juan , Fu Juan , Chen Feng , Chen Yuan , Chen Bao , Zhou Xiao-Li , Huang Tao , Wu Tao , Du Yong-Guo , Chen Suo-Xian , Xiao Fu-Rong , Gao Zhi-Liang , He Jing , Lin Feng , Lin Bingliang
Published: May 2020

Background

Hainan Island, a popular tourist destination, had received many imported cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but successfully contained the epidemics in one month. We described epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Hainan and compared these features between imported and local cases to provide information for other international epidemic areas.

Methods

We included 91 patients (56 imported and 35 local cases) from two designed hospitals for COVID-19 in Haikou, China, from January 20 to February 19, 2020. Data on demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics were extracted from medical records.

Results

Of the 91 patients, 78 (85.7%) patients were diagnosed within the first three weeks after the first case identified (Day 1: Jan 22, 2020), while the number of local cases started to increase from the third week. No new cases occurred after Day 29. Fever and cough were two main clinical manifestations. 15 (16.5%) were severe, 14 (15.4%) had complicated infections, nine (9.9%) were admitted to ICU, and three died. Median duration of viral shedding in feces was longer than that in nasopharyngeal swabs (19 days vs 16 days, P =0.007). Compared with local cases, imported cases were older, have higher incidence of fever and concurrent infections. There was no difference in outcomes between the two groups.

Conclusion

Imported cases were more severe than local cases, but could have similar prognosis. The short epidemic period in Hainan suggests that the epidemics could be quickly brought under control if proper timely measures were taken.