bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender and racial diversity among plenary session speakers at the Society of Abdominal Radiology Annual Meetings: a five-year assessment
Authors: Shah Amani , Sadowski Elizabeth A. , Thomas Kerry , Fowler Kathryn J. , Do Richard Kinh Gian , D’Souza Sharon , Ramchandani Parvati , Jha Priyanka
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the gender and racial diversity of plenary session speakers in the annual meetings of Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) over 2016 to 2020.

Materials and methods

The brochures of the SAR annual meetings were reviewed for plenary session speakers and titles. Publicly available institutional profiles and social media were reviewed by the investigator in order to infer gender and race. Gender assessments were men, women, transgender men, transgender women or gender non-binary. Race was classified as White, Black or African American, American Indians and Alaskan Natives, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander and Multiracial. Statistical analysis was performed using chi square and T-tests.

Results

Based on self-reported data, the SAR has 64% male and 36% female members. Over 2016–2020, plenary session speakers were more likely to be men [69.6% (183/263)] than women [30.4% (80/263)] (p-value = 0.0007). No speakers could be reliably identified as transgender, gender non-binary or gender expansive. In 2016, there were 24% women plenary speakers. This proportion was 28% in 2017, 33% in 2018 and 36% in 2019, and 30% in 2020. When assessing racial distribution, white speakers accounted for the majority of plenary speakers, ranging from 61 to 78%. Asians speakers accounted for 22 to 35%. There were no Black and African American, American Indian & Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander plenary speakers (0%). Multiracial speakers were represented from 2018 to 2020, accounting for 2–4% speakers (p-value < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Plenary speakers at SAR Annual Meetings from 2016–2020 were more likely to be men, but with the proportion of women presenters increasing over time. White speakers represented the majority of plenary session speakers, followed by Asians. No plenary session speakers were identified as Black or African American or Native Americans.

Graphical Abstract
High-resolution Projection Dataset of Agroclimatic Indicators over Central Asia
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Feng Jinming , Yan Zhongwei , Wang Jun
Published: May 2022

To understand the potential impacts of projected climate change on the vulnerable agriculture in Central Asia (CA), six agroclimatic indicators are calculated based on the 9-km-resolution dynamical downscaled results of three different global climate models from Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and their changes in the near-term future (2031–50) are assessed relative to the reference period (1986–2005). The quantile mapping (QM) method is applied to correct the model data before calculating the indicators. Results show the QM method largely reduces the biases in all the indicators. Growing season length (GSL, day), summer days (SU, day), warm spell duration index (WSDI, day), and tropical nights (TR, day) are projected to significantly increase over CA, and frost days (FD, day) are projected to decrease. However, changes in biologically effective degree days (BEDD, °C) are spatially heterogeneous. The high-resolution projection dataset of agroclimatic indicators over CA can serve as a scientific basis for assessing the future risks to local agriculture from climate change and will be beneficial in planning adaption and mitigation actions for food security in this region.
Early root migration after a mandibular third molar coronectomy
Authors: Simons Rashida N. , Tuk Jacco G. , Ho Jean-Pierre T. F. , Su Naichuan , Lindeboom Jerome A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This prospective cohort study aimed to assess early root migration after a coronectomy of the mandibular third molar at 2 and 6 months after surgery.

Methods

We included all patients treated with a coronectomy of an impacted mandibular third molar. The primary outcome measure was the extent of postoperative root migration after 2 and 6 months. Migration was measured as the distance between the root complex and a fixed point on the inferior alveolar canal. The secondary aim was to identify factors (age, impaction pattern, and patient sex) that affected the extent of root migration.

Results

One hundred and sixty-five coronectomies were performed in 141 patients (96 females and 45 males; mean age 33.1 years, SD 16.0). The 2-month checkup was completed by 121 patients that received 141 coronectomies. The 6-month check-up was completed by 73 patients that received 80 coronectomies. The mean root migrations were 3.30 mm (SD 2.53 mm) at 2 months and 5.27 mm (SD 3.14 mm) at 6 months. In the 2–6-month interval, the mean root migration was 2.58 mm (SD 2.07 mm). The extents of migration were similar during the 0–2-month interval and the 2–6-month interval (p = 0.529). Younger age was associated with greater root migration, and females experienced significantly greater migrations than males (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Roots migrated more rapidly in the first two postoperative months, compared to the 2–6-month interval. Age was negatively correlated with the extent of root migration, and females showed significantly greater migrations than males.
Rumor detection on social media using hierarchically aggregated feature via graph neural networks
Authors: Xu Shouzhi , Liu Xiaodi , Ma Kai , Dong Fangmin , Riskhan Basheer , Xiang Shunzhi , Bing Changsong
Published: May 2022

In the era of the Internet and big data, online social media platforms have been developing rapidly, which accelerate rumors circulation. Rumor detection on social media is a worldwide challenging task due to rumor’s feature of high speed, fragmental information and extensive range. Most existing approaches identify rumors based on single-layered hybrid features like word features, sentiment features and user characteristics, or multimodal features like the combination of text features and image features. Some researchers adopted the hierarchical structure, but they neither used rumor propagation nor made full use of its retweet posts. In this paper, we propose a novel model for rumor detection based on Graph Neural Networks (GNN), named Hierarchically Aggregated Graph Neural Networks (HAGNN). This task focuses on capturing different granularities of high-level representations of text content and fusing the rumor propagation structure. It applies a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) with a graph of rumor propagation to learn the text-granularity representations with the spreading of events. A GNN model with a document graph is employed to update aggregated features of both word and text granularity, it helps to form final representations of events to detect rumors. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the baseline methods. Our model achieves the accuracy of 95.7% and 88.2% on the Weibo dataset Ma et al. 2017 and the CED dataset Song et al. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 33(8):3035–3047, 2019respectively.
Tau Aggregation Inhibiting Peptides as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Aillaud Isabelle , Funke Susanne Aileen
Published: May 2022

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. AD causes enormous personal and economic burden to society as currently only limited palliative therapeutic options are available. The pathological hallmarks of the disease are extracellular plaques, composed of fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons, composed of Tau protein. Until recently, the search for AD therapeutics was focussed more on the Aβ peptide and its pathology, but the results were unsatisfying. As an alternative, Tau might be a promising therapeutic target as its pathology is closely correlated to clinical symptoms. In addition, pathological Tau aggregation occurs in a large group of diseases, called Tauopathies, and in most of them Aβ aggregation does not play a role in disease pathogenesis. The formation of Tau aggregates is triggered by two hexapeptide motifs within Tau; PHF6* and PHF6. Both fragments are interesting targets for the development of Tau aggregation inhibitors (TAI). Peptides represent a unique class of pharmaceutical compounds and are reasonable alternatives to chemical substances or antibodies. They are attributed with high biological activity, valuable specificity and low toxicity, and often are developed as drug candidates to interrupt protein–protein interactions. The preparation of peptides is simple, controllable and the peptides can be easily modified. However, their application may also have disadvantages. Currently, a few peptide compounds acting as TAI are described in the literature, most of them developed by structure-based design or phage display. Here, we review the current state of research in this promising field of AD therapy development.

Graphical Abstract
Internet use and academic performance: An interval approach
Authors: Ladrón de Guevara Rodríguez María , Lopez-Agudo Luis Alejandro , Prieto-Latorre Claudia , Marcenaro-Gutierrez Oscar David
Published: May 2022

As children spend more and more time on electronic devices and social networks, there is a growing concern about the influence that these activities may have on their development and social well-being. In this context, the present research is aimed at analysing the influence that Internet use may have on 6th grade primary school students’ academic performance in Spain. In order to do so, we have employed a methodological approach that combines econometric and interval multiobjective programming techniques, which has let us identify the traits and Internet use patterns that allow students to maximise their academic performance in terms of scores in four competences. Our results show that, while daily use of the Internet to listen to music or search for information about other topics of interest can favor the maximization of educational outcomes, the use of social networks should be limited as much as possible to avoid hindering the educational process.
Warm and cold temperatures limit the maximum body length of teleost fishes across a latitudinal gradient in Norwegian waters
Authors: Lavin Charles P. , Gordó-Vilaseca Cesc , Costello Mark John , Shi Zhiyuan , Stephenson Fabrice , Grüss Arnaud
Published: May 2022

As the majority of marine organisms are water-breathing ectotherms, temperature and dissolved oxygen are key environmental variables that influence their fitness and geographic distribution. In line with the temperature-size rule (TSR), marine ectotherms in warmer temperatures will grow to a smaller maximum body size, yet the extent to which different species experience this temperature-size response varies. Here, we analysed the maximum body length of ten teleost fish species in line with temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and geographic location (that encompasses multiple latent variables), across a broad (26°) latitudinal gradient throughout Norwegian waters. Our results showed that the two largest study species, spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) and cusk (Brosme brosme), display the strongest negative temperature-size response. We also observed smaller maximum body lengths for multiple species within the coldest extent of their temperature range, as well as parabolic relationships between maximum length and temperature for Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) and beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella). The smaller maximum body lengths for high latitude species at both warm and cold temperature extremes of species’ thermal ranges corroborate the temperature-size mechanisms of the gill-oxygen limitation theory (GOLT), whereby spontaneous protein denaturation limits growth at both warm and cold temperatures.
Bone response in vivo of Ti-45Zr alloy as dental implant material
Authors: Ou Pinghua , Zhang Taomei , Wang Jianying , Li Cui , Shao Chunsheng , Ruan Jianming
Published: May 2022

Ti-Zr alloys have gained increasing attention as a new metallic biomaterial, being used as implants for both orthopedics and dentistry. More recently, our group found promising results for the Ti-45Zr alloy, which presented a low elastic modulus, a pronounced and excellent mechanic character, and excellent cell compatibility in vitro. However, its biocompatibility and potential to promote osteogenesis in vivo remained unclear. In the present study, the biocompatibility, osteointegration ability, and immune response effects of the Ti-45Zr alloy were evaluated in animal experiments. The results showed that the alloy had good blood compatibility and no body side effects. After implantation in vivo, the inflammation turned out well and was beneficial to the polarization of macrophages. Additionally, the Ti-45Zr alloy presented a good osteointegration ability. Overall, these results confirmed that the Ti-45Zr alloy can be used as a dental implant material.
Improving bactericidal performance of implant composite coatings by synergism between Melittin and tetracycline
Authors: Zarghami Vahid , Ghorbani Mohammad , Bagheri Kamran Pooshang , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2022

Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA) are serious hazards of bone implants. The present study was aimed to use the potential synergistic effects of Melittin and tetracycline to prevent MRSA associated bone implant infection. Chitosan/bioactive glass nanoparticles/tetracycline composite coatings were deposited on hydrothermally etched titanium substrate. Melittin was then coated on composite coatings by drop casting method. The surfaces were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM instruments. Tetracycline in coatings revealed multifunctional behaviors include bone regeneration and antibacterial activity. Releasing ALP enzyme from MC3T3 cells increased by tetracycline, so it is suitable candidate as osteoinductive and antibacterial agent in orthopedic implants coatings. Melittin increased the proliferation of MC3T3 cells. Composite coatings with combination of tetracycline and Melittin eradicate all MRSA bacteria, while coatings with one of them could no t eradicate all of the bacteria. In conclusion, chitosan/bioactive glass/tetracycline/Melittin coating can be suggested as a multifunctional bone implant coating because of its osteogenic and promising antibacterial activity.
Contextual Factors Affecting the Use and Acquisition of Affirmative Operators: A Methodological-Didactic Tool Based on Spanish
Authors: Laurencio Tacoronte Ariel
Published: May 2022

The use of discourse markers, like that of any other linguistic element, is dependent on contextual factors that interact at the specific moment of an enunciation. The utterers, with the need to adjust their language product to their communicative intentions, perform an analysis of the contextual, material, and relational factors involved, resulting in the choice of the linguistic operators to be used in that particular utterance situation. A first goal of this paper is then to identify those contextual aspects encompassed in such selection, likely indeed to generate problems in the acquisition of affirmative operators by Spanish as Foreign Language learners, and to identify what types of unwanted implicatures can be caused by a lack of adjustment to the context. Subsequently, we introduce a methodological-didactic tool, based on a previously established theoretical framework which comprises these various contextual variables at its own formal level, directed at promoting the processes of acquisition of these markers.
Guidelines for evaluating wearables’ quality of experience in a mulsemedia context
Authors: Hussain Nadia , Ghinea Gheorghita
Published: May 2022

Quality of Experience (QoE) is inextricably linked to the user experience of multimedia computing and, although QoE has been explored in relation to other types of multimedia devices, thus far its applicability to wearables has remained largely ignored. Given the proliferation of wearable devices and their growing use to augment and complement the multimedia user experience, the need for a set of QoE guidelines becomes imperative. This study meets that need and puts forward a set of guidelines tailored exclusively towards wearables’ QoE. Accordingly, an extensive experimental investigation has been undertaken to see how wearables impact users’ QoE in multiple sensorial media (mulsemedia) context. Based on the exploratory study, the findings have shown that the haptic vest (KOR-FX) enhanced user QoE to a certain extent. In terms of adoption, participants reported they would generally incorporate the heart rate (HR) monitor wristband (Mio Go) into their daily lives as opposed to the haptic vest. Other findings revealed that human factors play a part in user’s attitudes towards wearables and predominantly age was the major influencing factor. Moreover, the participants’ HR varied throughout the experiments, suggesting an enhanced level of engagement whilst viewing the multimedia video clips. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is a potential future for wearables, if the QoE is a positive one and if the design of such devices are appealing as well as unobtrusive.
Evaluation use and learning in public policy
Authors: Bundi Pirmin , Trein Philipp
Published: May 2022

Scientific evidence has become increasingly important for the decision-making processes in contemporary democracies. On the one hand, research dealing with the utilization of scientific knowledge in the political process has pointed out that decision-makers learn from evidence to improve policies to solve problems. On the other, scholars have underlined that actors learn from evidence to support their political interests regardless of how it affects the policy problem. One conventional insight from the policy learning literature is that higher salience of a policy issue makes it much less likely that decision-makers use evidence in an “unpolitical” way. Nevertheless, only few studies have investigated systematically how differences regarding issue salience between policy fields impact on how decision-makers learn from evaluations at the individual level. Using multilevel regression models on data from a legislative survey in Switzerland, this paper shows that salience and technical complexity of policy issues do not automatically lead to less policy learning and to more political learning from policy evaluations. Nevertheless, this article’s empirical analysis also points out that issue salience increases policy learning from evaluations if the policy issue is technically complex. Our findings contribute to research on policy learning and evidence-based policy making by linking the literature on policy evaluation and learning, which helps analyzing the micro-foundations of learning in public policy and administration.
Climate change and non-migration — exploring the role of place relations in rural and coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Rabbani M. M. Golam , Cotton Matthew , Friend Richard
Published: May 2022

Of growing research and policy interest are the experiences of people living under conditions of climate change–induced environmental stress, which either are unable to migrate (sometimes described as a ‘trapped population’) or are seemingly unwilling to do so (sometimes described as the ‘voluntarily immobile’). This paper problematises and expands upon these binary categories: examining the complex dimensionality of non-migration as a form of place relations, explored through qualitative study of rural and coastal Bangladeshi communities. Through 60 semi-structured interviews of individuals from four communities in the Kalapara region, the analysis proffers four qualitatively derived and inter-related dimensions of voluntary and involuntary non-migration framed as a form of place relations. These four dimensions concern the following: (1) livelihood opportunities, (2) place obduracy, (3) risk perceptions, and (4) social-structural constraints, with the interplay between these elements explaining diverse non-migratory experiences. In our analysis, ‘place obduracy’ is introduced as a concept to describe the differential speed of environmental change and socio-cultural adaptation responses to explain non-migratory experiences. Our discussion provides insight into how to best support non-migrant people’s adaptive capacity in the face of growing climate emergency.
Assessing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy with patient reported outcome measures: a systematic review of measurement properties and considerations for future use
Authors: Li Tiffany , Park Susanna B. , Battaglini Eva , King Madeleine T. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Goldstein David , Rutherford Claudia
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common toxicity of cancer treatment, with potential to significantly impact cancer survivors’ long-term quality of life. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly utilised to evaluate CIPN. However, guidance remains lacking on how to identify fit for purpose PROMs with considerations necessarily differing when used in various research and in-clinic contexts. This study aimed to evaluate evidence about CIPN PROMs measurement properties and propose considerations to optimize CIPN PROM selection for each purpose.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to identify literature assessing measurement properties of CIPN PROMs. These were evaluated against Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria and International Society for Quality of Life minimum standards. Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed using the COSMIN RoB checklist.

Results

Thirty-nine papers evaluating measurement properties of 13 PROMs were included. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Questionnaire (QLQ-CIPN20) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-Ntx) were the most commonly investigated PROMs and had the most measurement properties meeting established criteria.

Conclusion

The use of the QLQ-CIPN20 and FACT/GOG-Ntx to assess CIPN in research settings has the most supporting evidence. However other considerations including study aims, endpoints and target population also factor into PROM selection and need to be considered more often when determining the most suitable outcome measure. Evidence of CIPN PROMs use in clinical practice is limited and their adoption to individual-patient level management requires more evaluation.
Measuring publication diversity among the most productive scholars: how research trajectories differ in communication, psychology, and political science
Authors: Goyanes Manuel , Demeter Márton , Cheng Zicheng , de Zúñiga Homero Gil
Published: May 2022

Examining research patterns across scientific fields constitutes a growing research enterprise to understand how global knowledge production unfolds. However, scattered empirical evidence has casted light on how the publication diversity of the most productive scholars differ across disciplines, considering their gender and geographical representation. This study focuses on the most prolific scholars across three fields (Communication, Political Science, and Psychology), and examine all journals where they have published. Results revealed the most common journals in which prolific scholars have appeared and showed that Communication scholars are more prone to publish in Political Science and Psychology journals than vice-versa, while psychologists’ largely neglect them both. Our findings also demonstrate that males and US scholars are over-represented across fields, and that neither the field, gender, geographic location, or the interaction between gender and geographic location has a significant influence over publication diversity. The study suggests that prolific scholars are not only productive, but also highly diverse in the selection of the journals they publish, which directly speaks to both the heterogeneity of their research contributions and target readers.
Co-citation Percentile Rank and JYUcite: a new network-standardized output-level citation influence metric and its implementation using Dimensions API
Authors: Seppänen Janne-Tuomas , Värri Hanna , Ylönen Irene
Published: May 2022

Judging value of scholarly outputs quantitatively remains a difficult but unavoidable challenge. Most of the proposed solutions suffer from three fundamental shortcomings: they involve (i) the concept of journal, in one way or another, (ii) calculating arithmetic averages from extremely skewed distributions, and (iii) binning data by calendar year. Here, we introduce a new metric Co-citation Percentile Rank (CPR), that relates the current citation rate of the target output taken at resolution of days since first citable, to the distribution of current citation rates of outputs in its co-citation set, as its percentile rank in that set. We explore some of its properties with an example dataset of all scholarly outputs from University of Jyväskylä spanning multiple years and disciplines. We also demonstrate how CPR can be efficiently implemented with Dimensions database API, and provide a publicly available web resource JYUcite, allowing anyone to retrieve CPR value for any output that has a DOI and is indexed in the Dimensions database. Finally, we discuss how CPR remedies failures of the Relative Citation Ratio (RCR), and remaining issues in situations where CPR too could potentially lead to biased judgement of value.
Systematic analysis of volumetric ultrasound parameters for markerless 4D motion tracking
Authors: Sprenger Johanna , Bengs Marcel , Gerlach Stefan , Neidhardt Maximilian , Schlaefer Alexander
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Motion compensation is an interesting approach to improve treatments of moving structures. For example, target motion can substantially affect dose delivery in radiation therapy, where methods to detect and mitigate the motion are widely used. Recent advances in fast, volumetric ultrasound have rekindled the interest in ultrasound for motion tracking. We present a setup to evaluate ultrasound based motion tracking and we study the effect of imaging rate and motion artifacts on its performance.

Methods

We describe an experimental setup to acquire markerless 4D ultrasound data with precise ground truth from a robot and evaluate different real-world trajectories and system settings toward accurate motion estimation. We analyze motion artifacts in continuously acquired data by comparing to data recorded in a step-and-shoot fashion. Furthermore, we investigate the trade-off between the imaging frequency and resolution.

Results

The mean tracking errors show that continuously acquired data leads to similar results as data acquired in a step-and-shoot fashion. We report mean tracking errors up to 2.01 mm and 1.36 mm on the continuous data for the lower and higher resolution, respectively, while step-and-shoot data leads to mean tracking errors of 2.52 mm and 0.98 mm.

Conclusions

We perform a quantitative analysis of different system settings for motion tracking with 4D ultrasound. We can show that precise tracking is feasible and additional motion in continuously acquired data does not impair the tracking. Moreover, the analysis of the frequency resolution trade-off shows that a high imaging resolution is beneficial in ultrasound tracking.
BTK Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapy in Treating Mantle Cell Lymphoma—Finding a Dancing Partner
Authors: Munoz Javier L. , Wang Yucai , Jain Preetesh , Wang Michael
Published: May 2022

Purpose of Review

This review focuses on the feasibility of combining Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (BTKis) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Potential scenarios for combination treatment with these agents are presented.

Recent Findings

BTKis and CAR T-cell therapy have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for R/R MCL. Ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib are covalent irreversible BTKis approved for R/R MCL. Brexucabtagene autoleucel was the first CAR T-cell therapy approved for R/R MCL based on findings from the ZUMA-2 trial. There is evidence to suggest that combination treatment with BTKis and CAR T-cell therapy may improve CAR T-cell efficacy.

As BTKis and CAR T-cell therapy become mainstays in R/R MCL therapy, combination treatment strategies should be evaluated for their potential benefit in R/R MCL.
‘Quomodo cantabimus canticum Domini in terra aliena?’ Jesuit Re-invention of Scriptural Commentary in a Newly Recovered Text from Seventeenth-Century Quito
Authors: Genghini Maria Giulia
Published: May 2022

A large quantity of manuscripts survives from the vast network of Jesuit libraries established across South America, including many examples of a distinctive kind of Latin Jesuit scriptural meditation. Although the social and economic influence of the Jesuits in South America has been well documented, no study has focussed on the literary and theological interest of these scriptural meditations, or the significant extent to which they innovate scriptural reading in response to the spiritual challenges posed by the new missionary contexts. The submitted article offers a close reading of a fascinating example of this innovative exegetical style by examining excerpts from the Canticum Habacuc Illustratum by Lucas Vicente Imperial (Quito, 1642). While bringing to light the Augustinian models that inspire this particular kind of exegetical reception, the text also shows the nuances of Jesuit biblical exegesis and its specific connection with contemporary and practical needs.
Addictive social media use during Covid-19 outbreak: Validation of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and investigation of protective factors in nine countries
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , Margraf Jürgen
Published: May 2022

Since the Covid-19 outbreak, addictive social media use increased in many countries. To better understand this development, a universal instrument for the assessment of addictive social media use is required. Against this background, we examined the psychometric properties of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) in representative population samples in nine countries (N = 9418, age range: “18 to 24 years” (youngest group), “55 years and older” (oldest group): China, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, U.K., U.S.). Furthermore, we investigated potential factors and mechanisms that could be associated with addictive social media use. Our cross-national findings show that the BSMAS is a unidimensional reliable and valid instrument. Moreover, they reveal that the negative association between positive mental health and addictive social media use is mediated by sense of control in seven of the nine countries (exception: China, Russia). Thus, it can be hypothesized that activities which increase positive mental health could indirectly contribute to the decrease of addictive social media use. We identified conscious engagement in physical activity and a regular sleep rhythm during the pandemic as such potential activities. The fostering of both by governmental programs could enhance positive mental health and reduce addictive social media use.
Bildung und Oxidation von Methan in tauendem Permafrost
Authors: Liebner Susanne , Heslop Joanne
Published: May 2022

Permafrost regions store between 1.100 and 1.500 gigatons of organic carbon and account for about 50 % of the world’s soil carbon storage. About 10–20 % of near-surface permafrost has been lost due to increases in surface temperatures between 1960 and 2000, and between 10–65 % of near-surface permafrost is expected to disappear by the year 2100. The organic matter in permafrost is only weakly protected and most of it is therefore available for microbial degradation. Microorganisms thus play a central role for the permafrost carbon feedback.
Visualisierung endogener Proteine in ihrer natürlichen Umgebung
Authors: Huhn Christiane , Broichhagen Johannes
Published: May 2022

Various visualization methods exist to understand crucial features of proteins, such as localization and movement. However, traditional approaches for their detection may lead to biological perturbances. To reflect the ideal, native situation in living cells, we need new, custom-tailored tools. Chemical biology is able to provide this by using, among others, fluorescently labelled peptides. These set benchmarks in imaging the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, a drug target in the treatment of diabetes.
Neue Einblicke in die Genregulation mittels funktioneller Multiomik
Authors: Bressin Annkatrin , Mayer Andreas
Published: May 2022

Transcription by RNA polymerase II underlies fundamental cellular processes in eukaryotic cells, representing a major regulatory hub in gene expression. Transcription is tightly coupled with co-transcriptional RNA processing to allow the synthesis of functional RNAs. A misregulation can cause human disease. The recent advent of functional multiomics approaches now provides new general insights into the molecular mechanisms that control and link transcription with RNA maturation in cells.
Abseits der Regel — Terpene mit ungewöhnlichen Kohlenstoffgerüsten
Authors: Buchhaupt Markus
Published: May 2022

The natural substance class of terpenoids covers an extremely wide range of different structures, although their building block repertoire is strongly limited. Methyltransferases from bacterial natural product pathways can add carbon atoms to cellular terpene precursors and thereby expand the accessible chemical space of the products. Here we present examples for the application of such enzymes to produce novel and unusual terpene molecules.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Genom und Phänotyp
Authors: Korte Arthur
Published: May 2022

Understanding the causal relationship between genotype and phenotype is a major objective in biology. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) correlate genetic polymorphisms with trait variation and have already identified causative variants for various traits in many different organisms, from humans to plants. Importantly, many adaptive traits, like the regulation of flowering time in plants, are not regulated by distinct genetic effects, but by more sophisticated gene regulatory networks.
Building digital platform ecosystems through standardization: an institutional work approach
Authors: Costabile Carolina , Iden Jon , Bygstad Bendik
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we investigate the development of standards for technologies and work practices in a digital platform ecosystem. Standards are needed for technical and organizational compatibility across the actors’ different systems, technologies, data, and business processes. However, little is known about how actors achieve common standards in collaborative ecosystems where a clear platform leader is missing. Based on a longitudinal, qualitative case study of a digital platform ecosystem within the Norwegian aquaculture industry, we examined how the actors collaborated on building a digital platform ecosystem with the aim of fighting sea lice on salmon through standardization. We contribute to research and practice by providing a preliminary framework of four institutional work practices for standardization in digital ecosystems and three key lessons learned for guidance for practitioners.
“Killer Joules”: spores of Bipolaris sorokiniana and fusarium species are susceptible to microwave radiation
Authors: Petronaitis Toni , Forknall Clayton , Brodie Graham , Simpfendorfer Steven , Backhouse David
Published: May 2022

Cereal production in Australia is severely impacted by diseases such as Fusarium crown rot (caused predominantly by Fusarium pseudograminearum) and common root rot (caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana). These diseases are particularly difficult to manage because inoculum can survive at least three years within cereal stubble, or four years in soil in the case of B. sorokiniana. Microwave radiation may be able to reduce or eliminate inoculum within stubble and soil. Several cereal pathogens have been previously shown to be susceptible to microwave radiation, but the energy requirements to achieve a significant decrease in pathogen populations were not defined. Laboratory based microwave dose-response experiments on conidia of B. sorokiniana and macroconidia of F. pseudograminearum and F. cerealis revealed that all three pathogens are susceptible to microwave radiation, with lethal dose (LD) thresholds estimated for each pathogen. Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia required 103.8 Jg− 1 and 236.6 Jg− 1 of microwave radiation energy for LD50 and LD99, respectively, whilst F. pseudograminearum required 78.4 Jg− 1 and 300.8 Jg− 1 and F. cerealis required 95.3 Jg− 1 and 152.7 Jg− 1 for LD50 and LD99, respectively. These results were derived from experiments whereby samples were microwaved for up to 10 s using a domestic 1100 W microwave oven. These timing and energy requirements serve as a starting point to define requirements for further development of microwave radiation treatments under field conditions.
The dual of Bertrand with homogenous products is Cournot with perfect complements
Authors: Bertoletti Paolo
Published: May 2022

The quantity-setting (Cournot) oligopoly with perfect complements is dual to the price-setting (Betrand) oligopoly with homogeneous goods. Under mild technical conditions the former setting has a unique (pure strategy) Nash equilibrium with null quantities. As an implication, the provision of perfectly complementary goods might actually be impossible, if the market is not either perfectly competitive or monopolized.
Stable dispersibility of bentonite-type additive with gemini ionic liquid intercalation structure for oil-based drilling
Authors: Zhang Chaoyang , Dong Rui , Wang Xingang , Liang Yijing , Zhang Ming , Yu Qiangliang , Tang Zhongping , Lv Huiying , Wang Liping , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin
Published: May 2022

In this study, the direct intercalation of gemini ionic liquids (ILs) with different alkyl chains into the bentonite (BT) interlayer as a high-performance lubricating additive for base oil 500SN was investigated. The purpose of modifying BT with an IL is to improve the dispersion stability and lubricity of BT in lubricating oil. The dispersibility and tribological properties of IL—BT as oil-based additives for 500SN depend on the increase in interlamellar space in BT and improve as the chain length is increased. More importantly, the IL—BT nanomaterial outperforms individual BT in improving wear resistance, owing to its sheet layers were deformed and sprawled in furrows along the metal surface, thereby resulting in low surface adhesion. Because of its excellent lubrication performance, IL-modified BT is a potential candidate for the main component of drilling fluid. It can be used as a lubricating additive in oil drilling and oil well construction to reduce equipment damage and ensure the normal operation of equipments.
Detection of Monilinia spp. by a multiplex real-time PCR assay and first report of Monilinia fructicola in South Tyrol (northern Italy)
Authors: Spitaler Urban , Pfeifer Anna , Deltedesco Evi , Hauptkorn Sabine , Oettl Sabine
Published: May 2022

Brown rot decay of stone and pome fruit caused by Monilinia spp. is an economically important disease. The main pathogens in Italy are the indigenous species Monilinia laxa and M. fructigena, and the invasive species M. fructicola. The presence of M. fructicola in Italy was reported for the first time in 2008 in Cuneo, Piedmont. Further records showed that M. fructicola spread and established rapidly in other regions of Italy. In South Tyrol, Europe's largest contiguous apple-growing area, the cultivation of stone fruit is an increasingly important agricultural branch for small-holder farmers of the mountainous areas. Up to now, it was unknown if M. fructicola is present and how M. laxa and M. fructigena are distributed. Therefore, plant protection strategies were applied without knowledge of the species present in the orchards. To detect the three Monilinia spp. on stone fruit trees and to determine their distribution, samples of fruit mummies were taken from scattered stone fruit trees and from sweet cherry orchards. A multiplex real-time PCR was applied to detect Monilinia spp. in the fruit mummies. The results showed the presence of M. fructicola for the first time in South Tyrol on three locations and that M. laxa was the predominant species, followed by M. fructigena.
Experimental analysis on waterjet-guided Nd: YAG laser thin wood machining
Authors: Doumbia Bakary S. , Yang Chunmei , Ma Yan , Liu Qingwei , Qu Wen , Liu Jiuqing
Published: May 2022

Waterjet-Guided Laser (WJGL) machining is an advanced technique providing efficiency and precision for wood machining. The present study investigates the practical demonstration and analysis of laminated object manufacturing (LOM) WJGL for thin wood machining. A theoretical process of wood laser cutting was established, expressing relations between the cut kerf width and the influencing parameters. WJG Nd: YAG laser system was utilized for machining Korean pine and Northeast China ash specimen of 3 mm thickness, each with 7.21 and 7.13% of water content, respectively, under different machining conditions. The effects of process parameters and influences on woodcut surface geometry were analyzed via analysis of variance (ANOVA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigated parameters include the laser cutting speed, power, kerf width, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and cut surface roughness. The study shows that the kerf width and surface were significantly influenced by WJGL power, followed by the cutting speed. For both wood specimens, at a fixed laser cutting speed of 2.36 mm/s, the kerf width increases significantly with laser power, affecting the cut surface quality accordingly. At 6 W and 8 W, the cut kerf geometry and surface quality were excellent for the Pinus Koraiensis, with kerf widths of 0.79 and 0.852 mm, respectively. At a fixed laser power of 8 W, the kerf width decreases with the cutting speed, affecting the cut surface quality. At a cutting speed of 4.33 mm/s, an excellent cut surface of Fraxinus mandshurica was observed with 0.808 mm of kerf width. Depending on the machining conditions, the kerf width variations of Korean pine were more significant than the Northeast China ash. LOM-WJGL is an efficient and eco-friendly technique for thin wood processing.

Graphical abstract

Article Highlights

Practical modeling demonstration of waterjet guided laser (WJGL) wood machining.

Experimental investigation of different wood specimens under influenced process parameters and machining conditions.

Characterization and identification of suitable wood types for efficient and eco-friendly applications.
Calibration of orthotropic plasticity- and damage models for micro-sandwich materials
Authors: Hammarberg Samuel , Kajberg Jörgen , Larsson Simon , Moshfegh Ramin , Jonsén Pär
Published: May 2022

Sandwich structures are commonly used to increase bending-stiffness without significantly increasing weight. In particular, micro-sandwich materials have been developed with the automotive industry in mind, being thin and formable. In the present work, it is investigated if micro-sandwich materials may be modeled using commercially available material models, accounting for both elasto-plasticity and fracture. A methodology for calibration of both the constitutive- and the damage model of micro-sandwich materials is presented. To validate the models, an experimental T-peel test is performed on the micro-sandwich material and compared with the numerical models. The models are found to be in agreement with the experimental data, being able to recreate the force response as well as the fracture of the micro-sandwich core.
Automated Model Inference for Gaussian Processes: An Overview of State-of-the-Art Methods and Algorithms
Authors: Berns Fabian , Hüwel Jan , Beecks Christian
Published: May 2022

Gaussian process models (GPMs) are widely regarded as a prominent tool for learning statistical data models that enable interpolation, regression, and classification. These models are typically instantiated by a Gaussian Process with a zero-mean function and a radial basis covariance function. While these default instantiations yield acceptable analytical quality in terms of model accuracy, GPM inference algorithms automatically search for an application-specific model fitting a particular dataset. State-of-the-art methods for automated inference of GPMs are searching the space of possible models in a rather intricate way and thus result in super-quadratic computation time complexity for model selection and evaluation. Since these properties only enable processing small datasets with low statistical versatility, various methods and algorithms using global as well as local approximations have been proposed for efficient inference of large-scale GPMs. While the latter approximation relies on representing data via local sub-models, global approaches capture data’s inherent characteristics by means of an educated sample. In this paper, we investigate the current state-of-the-art in automated model inference for Gaussian processes and outline strengths and shortcomings of the respective approaches. A performance analysis backs our theoretical findings and provides further empirical evidence. It indicates that approximated inference algorithms, especially locally approximating ones, deliver superior runtime performance, while maintaining the quality level of those using non-approximative Gaussian processes.
Increasing 2020‐Like Boreal Summer Rainfall Extremes Over Northeast Indian Subcontinent Under Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Tang Haosu , Wang Jun , Hu Kaiming , Huang Gang , Chowdary Jasti S. , Wang Ya , Wang Ziyue , Tang Bin
Published: May 2022

Extreme persistent rainfall poses serious impacts on human and natural systems, predominately through its related hydrogeological disasters. Due to sustained heavy downpours, the summer of 2020 was the second wettest on record over Northeast Indian subcontinent since 1901. Here, we find that this orographically anchored extreme rainfall event was largely associated with the anomalous anticyclone (AAC) over the Indo‐Northwest Pacific region and La Niña‐induced Walker circulation intensification. The overall effect of anthropogenic forcings contributed little to the occurrence probability of this event, because the warming and wetting effects of greenhouse gases were almost negated by anthropogenic aerosols. Climate models project a prominent increasing trend of such extreme event under future greenhouse‐induced warming due to increase in atmospheric water vapor and 2020‐like AAC frequency. Our findings thus call for scaling up climate change adaptation efforts for increasingly extreme persistent rainfall in highly populated but low‐resilience South Asian developing countries.
Impact of Soft Electron Precipitation on the Thermospheric Neutral Mass Density During Geomagnetic Storms: GITM Simulations
Authors: Zhu Qingyu , Deng Yue , Sheng Cheng , Anderson Philip , Bukowski Aaron
Published: May 2022

In this study, the impact of improving soft (0.1–1 keV) electron precipitation on the F‐region neutral mass density has been evaluated using the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM). Two types of electron energy spectra having the same total energy flux and average energy but different spectral shapes have been used to specify the electron precipitation in GITM. One is the Maxwellian spectrum and the other is from an empirical model, Auroral Spectrum and High‐Latitude Electric field variabilitY (ASHLEY), which provides stronger (up to 2–3 orders of magnitude) soft electron precipitations than the Maxwellian spectrum. Data‐model comparisons indicate that the storm‐time orbital averaged neutral density can be increased by 10%–40% and is more consistent with the observation if the non‐Maxwellian ASHLEY spectrum is used. This study reveals the importance of accurate soft electron precipitation specifications in the whole auroral zone to improving the F‐region neutral mass density estimations.