bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of research on development of electric air ozonizer for livestock rooms
Authors: Vendin Sergey , Manuylenko Alexander , Strakhov Vladimir
Published: August 2023

The greatest danger from the point of view of infection of farm animals is the air inside the production premises. One of the ways to improve performance and improve the air environment is ozonation. The article proposes the design of an autonomous module of an electric ozonator operating on the basis of a corona discharge, designed to improve the air environment and prevent the spread of contagious animal diseases. A distinctive novelty of the proposed design is the emitter module, made in the form of two ceramic bases with tungsten electrodes fixed on them, on one base in the form of a grid having a honeycomb cell shape, on the other in the form of a needle. Structurally, the emitter provides for adjusting the distance of the discharge gap between the electrodes of the emitter, which ensures the adjustment of ozone performance and increases the reliability of the ozonator as a whole. The results of experimental studies on the ozonation of the volume of the room using an autonomous module of the electric ozonizer operating on the principle of a corona discharge are presented. It has been established that the concentration of the ozone-air mixture increases with an increase in the operating voltage at the emitter electrodes and a decrease in the distance between them. The maximum performance indicators of the installation for ozone (10 mg/m3) were obtained at an operating voltage of 30 kV at the emitter and a discharge gap of 25 mm. An experiment on the effect of ozone concentration in the air on pathogenic microflora showed the effectiveness of the application to reduce pathogenic microflora in the air.
Mass transfer processes in a heterogeneous medium occurring in the aeration zone during infiltration of surface waters
Authors: Avlakulov M , Kodirov I E , Faiziev Sh Sh
Published: August 2023

The article discusses issues related to the creation of mathematical models that are used to solve various problems arising in the hydrological and hydrogeological cycles. The analysis of the mathematical correctness of the solved problems, which correspond to the initial boundary conditions, is given. When studying the phenomena associated with the exchange of mass between surface and groundwater flows, it becomes necessary to study several issues in order to hydraulically substantiate the models being developed and their numerical implementation. This circumstance is of great importance when creating a picture of the interacting processes of runoff and water infiltration.
Enhancing soil fertility through the application of biohumus
Authors: Muhamediyeva D K , Nurumova A Yu
Published: August 2023

The development and advancement of nonlinear mathematical models is an important task in many fields of science and engineering. Nonlinear models allow for the description and prediction of complex and nonlinear processes that cannot be fully characterized by linear equations. In biology, nonlinear models are applied to study complex biological systems such as population dynamics, interactions in ecosystems, genetic networks, and others. Nonlinear equations enable the consideration of nonlinear interactions and feedback between different components of the system. The objective of this work is to develop a system of nonlinear models for a biological population to address the task of enhancing soil fertility through the application of biohumus.
Analysis of Heating Transformation of Nuclear Power Units
Authors: Zhu Lingkai , Zhong Ziwei , Wang Qian , Liang Kai , Gong Zhiqiang , Guo Junshan , Zheng Wei , Shang Panfeng
Published: August 2023

Under the current national conditions and policy support, nuclear heating has flourished. Domestic nuclear power units mainly generate electricity, and nuclear heating as a clean energy source is one of the main ways to solve winter heating in the north. This paper first compares and analyzes the two different ways of nuclear heating, then takes the nuclear heating of Haiyang Nuclear Power Station as an example, based on the mature experience of steam extraction heating transformation of thermal power units, makes an economic analysis on the steam extraction transformation of PWR nuclear power units from the characteristics of the thermal system combined with the Spot market, and finally makes an economic evaluation on the Cogeneration nuclear power units.
Ambulante und stationsersetzende Eingriffe in der Gefäßchirurgie – was ist machbar und wo liegen die Grenzen? Bisherige und neue gesetzliche Vorgaben sowie deren Umsetzung in der Praxis
Authors: Meyer Frank , Halloul Zuhir , Barth Udo , Lehmann Martin , Tautenhahn Jörg
Published: August 2023

Einleitung: Auch in der Gefäßchirurgie werden in Zukunft mehr Leistungen und Prozeduren aus dem bisherigen stationären in den ambulanten Bereich verlagert werden müssen. Es sollen daher die bisherigen und neuen gesetzlichen Vorgaben sowie deren Umsetzung in der Gefäßchirurgie erläutert und beurteilt werden.

Material und Methoden: Berufspolitische Analyse aus ärztlicher gefäßchirurgischer Sicht.

Ergebnisse: Der AOP-Katalog ab 01.01.2023 wurde um 208 zusätzliche OPS-Kodes erweitert. Die stationäre Durchführung von Leistungen, die nach dem AOP-Vertrag regelhaft ambulant durchgeführt werden müssen, sollen nun anhand von Kontextfaktoren begründet werden. Eine spezielle sektorengleiche Vergütung, die unabhängig davon erfolgt, ob die vergütete Leistung ambulant oder stationär erbracht wird, ist eine Voraussetzung für eine kostendeckende Ausweitung ambulanter Operationen und stationsersetzender Leistungen. Die Sanierung der primären Varicosis unter ambulanten Bedingungen ist zweifelsfrei der Standard. Der überwiegende Teil der AV-Shuntanlagen erfolgt stationär. Es wurden keine neuen OPS-Kodes in den AOP-Katalog 2023 für die Varizen-, Shunt- sowie endovaskuläre Chirurgie eingefügt.

Diskussion: Die Verlagerung stationärer Leistungen in den ambulanten Sektor kann in Anlehnung an die Erfahrungen anderer europäischer Länder ein gangbarer Weg sein. Jedoch sollten zunächst die Strukturen, ökonomischen Voraussetzungen und Anreize geschaffen werden, um die Ambulantisierung erfolgreich voranzutreiben. Die integrierte Versorgung bietet die Möglichkeit, dass die Krankenkassen Verträge mit den in § 140a des Sozialgesetzbuches Absatz 3 genannten Leistungserbringern über eine besondere Versorgung abschließen können. Der Einsatz der Telemedizin im Sinne der Tele-Prämedikation oder des Tele-Monitorings kann gerade in ländlichen Regionen eine Möglichkeit sein, ambulante Operationen auszuweiten. Um Therapiekonzepte aus einer gefäßmedizinisch versierten Hand zu ermöglichen, ist die ambulante Leistungsabrechnung interventioneller Prozeduren auch durch vaskuläre Chirurgen und Spezialisten zu fordern.

Schlussfolgerung: Das Potenzial, stationäre Leistungen ins ambulante Setting der Leistungserbringung umzuwandeln, ist in der Gefäßchirurgie in den Kernbereichen Varizenchirurgie, Shuntchirurgie und periphere interventionelle Prozeduren unter spezifischen Voraussetzungen umsetzbar.
Studienevidenz zu Vitamin-C-Infusionen in der Onkologie
Authors: Vollbracht Claudia
Published: August 2023

Ein Vitamin-C-Mangel ist bei onkologischen Patientinnen und Patienten häufig und korreliert mit einer verminderten Lebensqualität und einer schlechteren Überlebensrate. Die Infusionsbehandlung kann Mangelzustände schnell beheben. Studien zeigen eine deutliche Verbesserung der Lebensqualität – insbesondere eine signifikante Linderung von Fatigue, Schmerzen, Appetitmangel, Schlafstörungen und Depressionen. Darüber hinaus kommt es unter Vitamin-C-Therapie zu einer geringeren Myelosuppression und einer klinisch relevanten Erhöhung der Lymphozytenzahl bei Lymphopenie. Erste klinische Studiendaten zeigen auch eine verlängerte Überlebenszeit. Letzteres wird durch experimentelle Studien unterstützt, die eine direkte selektive tumorzytotoxische Wirkung über die Bildung von Wasserstoffperoxid, eine Verschiebung des epigenetischen Profils in Richtung Tumorsuppression und eine Abnahme metastasierungsrelevanter Prozesse beobachten.
Asthma bronchiale: „Druck lass nach!“
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: August 2023

Asthma bronchiale führt als entzündlich-obstruktive Atemwegserkrankung zu intermittierenden Bronchialspasmen mit anfallsweiser Dyspnoe und exspiratorischem Stridor, in vielen Fällen auch zur Lungenüberblähung. Durch eine Harmonisierung und Druckentlastung mittels osteopathischer Techniken soll der Thorax wieder befähigt werden, ein Höchstmaß an Stabilität, Mobilität und physiologischer Atmung herzustellen. Zu den bewährten osteopathischen Methoden zählen unter anderem Muskel-Energie-Techniken, Tenderpointbehandlung, myofasziale Techniken, Recoiltechnik, CV4, Sakrumrelease sowie ergänzend Ernährungs- und Stoffwechselregulationstherapien
Die Darm-Lungen-Achse
Authors: Rüffer Andreas
Published: August 2023

Lunge und Darm sind phylogenetisch sowie über das Schleimhautimmunnetzwerk miteinander verbunden. Daher wird auch von der Darm-Lungen-Achse gesprochen. In der Verbindung von Lunge und Darm spielt offensichtlich die Darmmikrobiota eine wichtige Rolle, insbesondere beim Asthma und bei Infekten der Atemwege. Bei der Behandlung von Asthma und Atemwegsinfekten ist unterstützend die Berücksichtigung der Darmmikrobiota diagnostisch und therapeutisch hilfreich.
Autoregulated and Non-Autoregulated Blood Flow Restriction on Acute
Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Rolnick Nicholas , Licameli Nicholas , Moghaddam Masoud , Marquette Lisa , Walter Jessica , Fedorko Brent , Werner Tim
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of autoregulated and
non-autoregulated applied pressures during blood flow restriction resistance
exercise to volitional fatigue on indices of arterial stiffness using the Delfi
Personalized Tourniquet System. Following a randomized autoregulated or
non-autoregulated blood flow restriction familiarization session, 20 physically
active adults (23±5 years; 7 females) participated in three randomized
treatment-order sessions with autoregulated and non-autoregulated and no blood
flow restriction training. Participants performed four sets of dumbbell wall
squats to failure using 20% of one repetition maximum. Blood flow
restriction was performed with 60% of supine limb occlusion pressure.
Testing before and post-session included an ultrasonic scan of the carotid
artery, applanation tonometry, and blood pressure acquisition.

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased in the non-autoregulated and no
blood flow restriction training groups following exercise while carotid-radial
pulse wave velocity increased in the no blood flow restriction training group
(all p<0.05). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity exhibited an
interaction effect between autoregulated and non-autoregulated blood flow
restriction in favor of autoregulated blood flow restriction (p<0.05).
Autoregulated blood flow restriction training does not influence indices of
arterial stiffness while non-autoregulated and no blood flow restriction
training increases central stiffness.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkynylation of Oxabicyclic Alkenes
Authors: Zhao Yu , Huang Yuan , Wei Lin-Wen , Ma Zhan-Cai , Wang Zhao-Qing
Published: August 2023

Efficient access to enantioenriched cyclic homopropargylic alcohols through an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric alkynylation of oxabicyclic alkenes has been developed. By using inexpensive cobalt salt/chiral bisphosphine ligand as the catalyst and easy-to-handle potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates as the nucleophile, synthetically valuable homopropargylic alcohols are obtained in moderate to good yields and high enantioselectivities.
Practices in the Management of Incidental Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Varshney Peeyush , Nagar Anand , Sarin Shashwat , Venkatatelikicherla Krishnavardhan , Tomar Maunil , Choubey R.P , Sharma Ajay , Kapoor V.K
Published: August 2023

Background Histopathology of gallbladder removed for stones may reveal incidental gallbladder cancer (iGBC). We conducted this online e-survey to document the knowledge and practices of management of iGBC among surgeons in India.

Methods A 38-question online e-survey

Results Two-hundred thirty responses were recorded. Ninety-eight out of two-hundred (49%) responses were general surgeons. Two-hundred ten out of two-hundred twenty-one (95%) saw at least one iGBC per year, but only 74/225 (32%) correctly defined true iGBC. One-hundred seventy-eight out of two hundred twenty-two (80%) did computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for thick-walled gallbladder (GB) detected on ultrasound, while 25/222 (11%) did laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 14/222 (6%) did open cholecystectomy. For GB mass on laparoscopy, 16/222 (7%) responses went ahead with simple cholecystectomy. Seventy-four out of two-hundred twenty-five (32%) responses routinely used bag while extracting GB. One-hundred ninety-one out of two-hundred twenty-five (86%) mentioned about stone/bile spill, 121/220 (55%) mentioned about use of bag for extraction while 137/220 62% mentioned port used for extraction of GB in operation notes. One-hundred sixty-six out of two-hundred twenty-seven (73%) always cut open GB after cholecystectomy. On encountering a mass/lesion on cut open GB, 111/225 (49%) sent it for frozen section, 89/225 (40%) sent for routine histopathology while 10% (22/225) directly proceeded for extended cholecystectomy. Ten out of two-hundred twenty-seven (4.4%) did not consider it important to send GB for histopathology. T stage on histopathology is most important factor for deciding reoperation by 205/223 (91%).

Conclusion There are lacunae in understanding and deficiencies in management of iGBC in India—a high GBC incidence country. The situation is likely to be worse in low GBC incidence areas. There is need for more awareness and knowledge for proper management of iGBC among surgeons.
Evaluation and Medical Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Carey Erin T. , McClurg Asha B.
Published: August 2023

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a challenging condition affecting an estimated 15% of females in the United States. Multiorgan system dysfunction results in the complex clinical pain presentation. Similar to other chronic pain syndromes, CPP is influenced by biopsychosocial factors and requires a multimodal approach for optimal pain management. This review summarizes the clinical evaluation and medical management of CPP with a comprehensive approach.
Stage IV Rectal Cancer and Timing of Surgical Approach
Authors: Panni Roheena Z. , D'Angelica Michael
Published: August 2023

Liver metastases are seen in at least 60% of patients with colorectal cancer at some point during the course of their disease. The management of both primary and liver disease is uniquely challenging in rectal cancer due to competing treatments and complex sequence of treatments depending on the clinical presentation of disease. Recently, several novel concepts are shaping new treatment paradigms, including changes in timing, sequence, and duration of therapies combined with potential deescalation of treatment components. Overall, the treatment of this clinical scenario mandates multidisciplinary evaluation and personalization of care; however, there is still considerable debate regarding the timing of liver metastasectomy in the context of the overall treatment plan. Herein, we will discuss the current literature on management of rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis, current treatment approaches with respect to chemotherapy, and role of hepatic artery infusion therapy.
Surgical Decision-Making in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Steinberger Allie E. , Westfal Maggie L. , Wise Paul E.
Published: August 2023

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting patients with germline mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene. The surgical treatment of colorectal disease in FAP, which has the goal of colorectal cancer prevention, varies based on both patient and disease factors but can include the following: total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, proctocolectomy with stapled or hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, or total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy. The operative options and extent of resection, as well as the use of endoscopy and chemoprevention for the management of polyposis, will be discussed in detail in this article. In addition, commonly debated management decisions related to the treatment of patients with FAP, including the timing of prophylactic colorectal resections for patients with FAP and management of the polyp burden in the rectum, will be discussed. Finally, genotype considerations and the impact of desmoid disease on operative decisions in the setting of FAP will also be reviewed.
Updates on the Surgical Approach to Fibroids: The Importance of Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Kwon Caroline S. , Abu-Alnadi Noor Dasouki
Published: August 2023

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm of the female pelvis and have a lifetime prevalence exceeding 80% among African American women and approaching 70% among Caucasian women. Approximately 50% of women with fibroids experience symptoms which can range from heavy menstrual bleeding and bulk-related symptoms such as pelvic pressure with bladder and bowel dysfunction to reproductive dysfunction (e.g., infertility or obstetric complications) and pain. The choice of treatment is primarily guided by the type of symptoms in the individual patient and whether they prefer to retain fertility. While hysterectomy provides definitive resolution of fibroid symptoms and remains the most common treatment option, this procedure is invasive with a long recovery window. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is now emerging as a uterine preserving and minimally invasive therapy for symptomatic fibroids. Since its introduction, growing evidence for safety and efficacy of RFA has been generated with low rates of complications. This review will discuss RFA for the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids with a special focus on technical approaches, short- and long-term outcomes including fertility outcomes.
Overview of the Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Mawe Gary M. , Sanders Kenton M. , Camilleri Michael
Published: August 2023

Propulsion of contents in the gastrointestinal tract requires coordinated functions of the extrinsic nerves to the gut from the brain and spinal cord, as well as the neuromuscular apparatus within the gut. The latter includes excitatory and inhibitory neurons, pacemaker cells such as the interstitial cells of Cajal and fibroblast-like cells, and smooth muscle cells. Coordination between these extrinsic and enteric neurons results in propulsive functions which include peristaltic reflexes, migrating motor complexes in the small intestine which serve as the housekeeper propelling to the colon the residual content after digestion, and mass movements in the colon which lead to defecation.
Biomechanical Comparison of Double 2.3-mm Headless Cannulated Self-Compression Screws and Single 3.5-mm Cortical Screw in Lag Fashion in a Canine Sacroiliac Luxation Model: A Small Dog Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kang AhRan , Lee Haebeom , Lee Arim , Roh Yoonho , Sim Bokyun , Jeong Jaemin
Published: August 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of safe positioning of double 2.3-mm headless cannulated self-compression screws (HCS) in a small dog cadaveric sacroiliac luxation model and to compare the static rotational biomechanical properties of fixation repaired using two different screw systems with a minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique: double 2.3-mm HCS and a single 3.5-mm standard cortical screw placed in a lag fashion.

Study Design A unilateral small dog sacroiliac luxation model was stabilized using double 2.3-mm HCS (n = 11) or a single 3.5-mm cortical screw (n = 11). Radiographic and computed tomography (CT) imaging analyses and biomechanical testing of rotational force on the sacroiliac joint of both fixations were performed. The maximum load at failure and failure modes of each fixation were recorded and compared.

Results Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous application of double HCS was safe in a unilateral sacroiliac luxation model in small dogs without violation of the vertebral and ventral sacral foramen. Furthermore, resistance to rotational force applied on fixation of the sacroiliac joint repaired with double 2.3-mm HCS estimated by maximum failure load was significantly higher than that of a single 3.5-mm cortical screw (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Although this was an experimental cadaveric study, based on our results, the use of smaller double HCS may be beneficial as an alternative to the conventional single lag screw for stabilization of sacroiliac luxation in small dogs.
Awareness of Basic Life Support among Speech and Hearing Professionals
Authors: Suman Ankita , Neupane Anuj Kumar , Chowdhury Arpita Singha
Published: August 2023

Introduction One of the most important aspects of happiness is one's health. Increased industrialization in developing nations has contributed to a change in disease patterns away from infectious illness as the major cause of morbidity and mortality toward chronic diseases such as heart disease and trauma. Most emergency circumstances need immediate medical attention before a person is taken to the hospital; therefore, public awareness and training programs can aid in providing efficient basic life support care and services. Only a few works of literature on basic life support and prehospital emergency care in an Indian context are available and are usually studied among school teachers. However, no comparable research including allied health experts such as speech and hearing professionals has yet been published in the literature.

Aim The present study aimed at exploring the awareness of speech and hearing professionals regarding basic life support in an Indian context.

Methods The questionnaire consisted of two sections where section A comprised 6 questions related to demographic details and participant's experience, and section B composed of 17 questions related to knowledge of normal bodily physiology, medical emergencies, and first aid and related aspects. A cross-sectional exploratory study design was conducted on 250 participants. Out of 250 responses, 42 of them were incomplete and so were removed from the study. Therefore, a total of 208 complete responses received from the participants in the age range of 22 to 60 years from across 23 states and 1 union territory of India were included in the study.

Results The result revealed a low percentage of speech and hearing professionals with an adequate understanding of basic life support. The majority of them were found to have insufficient knowledge of normal bodily physiology, medical emergencies, and first aid and related aspects.

Discussion Being the first of its kind, the present study revealed limited awareness about basic life support among professionals, and therefore, the need to improvise the knowledge of basic life support and prehospital emergency care. This may be achieved by introducing training programs of various natures and dimensions to speech and hearing professionals.
Knowledge and attitude toward the practice of circular economy in conjunction with biomedical waste management among dental practitioners and technicians in Belagavi, India
Authors: Santhosh Varkey Nadakkavukaran , Ankola Anil , Sankeshwari Roopali , Jalihal Sagar , Khot Atrey J. Pai , Varghese Anu Sara , Chavan Prajakta
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Circular economy promotes resource sustainability and has a positive impact on the environment. It helps in the sustainable use of biomedical waste (BMW) that is generated in dental care facilities and laboratories. This article assesses the knowledge and attitude toward the practice of circular economy in conjunction with BMW management among dental practitioners and technicians.

Materials and Methods:

This study adopted a cross-sectional design. Based on the findings from the pilot study, the sample size was estimated and 640 total participants were included. Reliability of the questionnaire comprising of 23 close-ended questions were assessed with Cronbach’s α value of 0.85, face validity of 84%, and content validity ratio of 0.78.

Statistical Analysis:

Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square test, analysis of variance test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression.

Results:

Mean overall knowledge score was highest among faculty (5.28 T 1.53) and least among technicians (1.88 T 0.84). There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge among the five groups (p< 0.001). Majority of the participants had a positive attitude toward circular economy; however, technicians had the least mean overall attitude scores (7.50 T 1.84). A positive linear correlation was seen between the knowledge and attitude scores. The dependence of various demographic variables on knowledge and attitude was found to be 46.1 and 11.6%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Dental faculty had significantly higher knowledge compared with other dental practitioners and technicians. However, knowledge on circular economy was below the optimal level among the participants, but all had predominantly favorable attitude toward circular economy.
Are rural accommodation employees able to aspire to transcendent happiness in their work? An exploratory model
Authors: Ravina-Ripoll Rafael , Robina-Ramírez Rafael
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we aim to propose formulas based on indicators to develop the transcendent happiness of employees in the tourism industry. Specifically, three factors are proposed as determinants of transcendence happiness (THP): corporate culture (CO), internal communication (IC), and employee-centered personnel management (EPM). To this end, a model proposes to help guide employees in the tourism industry toward happiness. From a sample of 443 employees in tourist accommodations in Spain, we explore the feasibility of an SEM-PLS model based on already validated scales. Our results show, on the one hand, the critical role of organisational culture in the pursuit of employee happiness and, on the other hand, the mediating effect of internal communication between personnel management and transcendent happiness. This ground-breaking study fills two gaps in the current happiness management literature. The first is considering transcendent happiness as an innovative key to corporate governance. It requires a corporate culture that fosters all human capital’s personal growth and work-related well-being. In addition, secondly, to demonstrate that the variables of internal communication and passion at work positively influence the transcendental happiness of internal customers in rural establishments. Between internal communication and personnel management based on the employee’s growth, the organisational culture has the most significant impact not only on personnel management but also on the achievement of the happiness of private employees. To this end, rural accommodations should design organisational patterns based on codes of conduct in the social relations between employees and managers.
Slaughtered like animals. Revealing the atrocities committed by the Nazis on captives at Treblinka I by skeletal trauma analysis
Authors: Drath Joanna , Jarzęcka-Stąporek Joanna , Lisman Dagmara , Szargut Maria , Jasinski Marek E. , Spradley Kate , Parafiniuk Mirosław , Ossowski Andrzej
Published: August 2023

The infamous Treblinka camp was one of numerous extermination camps throughout Poland, where Germans carried out mass killings of Jews. There were two camps in Treblinka, AL Treblinka I, a forced labor camp, and KL Treblinka II, the site of the extermination camp. Treblinka I held captives of various origins and ethnic backgrounds who were serving their sentences by working in a pre-existing gravel pit. Many of those prisoners perished in the camp, and it was believed that the principal causes of their death were attributed to the horrific sanitary conditions in the camp as well as the strenuous hard work of daily life. In 2019, archaeologists uncovered a clandestine mass burial pit that contained commingled human skeleton remains at the Execution Site of the former Treblinka I camp. It was estimated that there were a minimum of forty-nine people in the pit. Within months, an anthropologist performed biological profile assessments and detailed trauma analysis on the recovered skeletal parts. The main goal was to study perimortem trauma patterns to infer the cause and manner of death of the victims. We hypothesized that the victims did not die solely because of the camps’ conditions but were brutally slaughtered by the camp guards. Our results were later compared with the survivors’ written testimonies. As a result of our research, we were able to show that the Treblinka I captives’ death was extremely brutal and that the killing methods were varied. This led us to conclude that multiple assailants were involved in the killing spree. All of our results were consistent with the written witness testimonies, which concurs with our skeletal material analysis that proves the atrocities committed by the Nazis on their civilian prisoners during the war took place.
Model-based reinforcement learning with non-Gaussian environment dynamics and its application to portfolio optimization
Authors: Huang Huifang , Gao Ting , Li Pengbo , Guo Jin , Zhang Peng , Du Nan , Duan Jinqiao
Published: August 2023

The rapid development of quantitative portfolio optimization in financial engineering has produced promising results in AI-based algorithmic trading strategies. However, the complexity of financial markets poses challenges for comprehensive simulation due to various factors, such as abrupt transitions, unpredictable hidden causal factors, and heavy tail properties. This paper aims to address these challenges by employing heavy-tailed preserving normalizing flows to simulate the high-dimensional joint probability of the complex trading environment under a model-based reinforcement learning framework. Through experiments with various stocks from three financial markets (Dow, NASDAQ, and S&P), we demonstrate that Dow outperforms the other two based on multiple evaluation metrics in our testing system. Notably, our proposed method mitigates the impact of unpredictable financial market crises during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a lower maximum drawdown. Additionally, we explore the explanation of our reinforcement learning algorithm, employing the pattern causality method to study interactive relationships among stocks, analyzing dynamics of training for loss functions to ensure convergence, visualizing high-dimensional state transition data with t-SNE to uncover effective patterns for portfolio optimization, and utilizing eigenvalue analysis to study convergence properties of the environment’s model.
Microfluidics of nanoparticles using vibration-mediated regulation of aggregates evolution
Authors: Zhu Lizhuo , Lu Haifeng , Guo Xiaolei , Liu Haifeng
Published: August 2023

Controlling the flow of particulate matter, especially nanoparticles, requires a deep understanding of particle structure and motion. In this study, we present experimental observations and intrinsic mechanisms for controlling the nanoparticle flow using vibration-mediated regulation of aggregates evolution. Our findings demonstrate that vibration could exert significant forces on the particles, causing them held apart or would touch with less force and then leads to re-breakup process of the aggregates. Furthermore, the relationship between the vibration parameter, aggregate size, the microchannel size and flow behavior has also been revealed. Notably, the outflowing aggregates have extremely small Stokes numbers due to their high porosity, and their motion is dominated by gas drag. The relationship between particles flow rate and the size of the microchannel and vibration parameters has been identified. These results have significant implications for precise control and assembly of nanoparticles.
Regulating epileptiform discharges by heterogeneous interneurons in thalamocortical model
Authors: Zhao Jinyi , Yu Ying , Han Fang , Wang Qingyun
Published: August 2023

Inhibitory interneurons in the cortex are abundant and have diverse roles, classified as parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) according to chemically defined categories. Currently, their involvement with seizures has been partially uncovered in physiological terms. Here, we propose a corticothalamic model containing heterogeneous interneurons to study the effects of various interneurons on absence seizure dynamics by means of optogenetic stimulation. First, the important role of feedforward inhibition caused by SRN→PV→PN projections on seizures is verified. Then, we demonstrate that light activation targeting either PV or SOM INs can control seizures. Finally, with different inhibition contributions from PV INs and SOM INs, the possible disinhibitory effect of blue light acting on VIP INs is mainly discussed. The results suggest that depending on the inhibition degree of both types, the disinhibition brought about by the VIP INs will trigger seizures, will control seizures, and will not work or cause the PNs to tend toward a high saturation state with high excitability. The circuit mechanism and the related bifurcation characteristics in various cases are emphatically revealed. In the model presented, in addition to Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations, the system may also undergo period-doubling and torus bifurcations under stimulus action, with more complex dynamics. Our work may provide a theoretical basis for understanding and further exploring the role of heterogeneous interneurons, in particular, the VIP INs, a novel target, in absence seizures.
Coupling effect of solvent–colloid interaction on diffusivity and viscosity of colloidal hard-sphere suspensions: Statistical mechanical free-volume approach
Authors: Rah Kyunil
Published: August 2023

Apart from describing the transport behaviors to a reliable accuracy, it remains as yet far from satisfactory to comprehend the explicit role of the solvent–colloid interaction on the diffusivity and viscosity of colloidal hard-sphere suspensions. Here, we exploit the free volume effect on the diffusivity and viscosity by means of statistical mechanics, which enables to express them in terms of the solvent–solvent, colloid–colloid, and solvent–colloid pair correlation functions as a function of the colloidal concentration. The agreement between the theory and experiment is found to be very good over the entire colloidal volume fraction ϕ investigated by experiment, i.e., up to ϕ∼0.60. The present theory predicts a crossover in the solvent effect on the diffusivity: Above ϕc=0.38, the solvent–colloid interaction enhances the diffusivity of the colloidal particles suspended therein, whereas below ϕc, it serves as a diffusion barrier against the particles.
Transcriptomic study of Suaeda salsa in response to salt and drought stress
Authors: Ding Zhijie , Liu Zhiyou , Bao Jinbo , Wang Yuwei , Li Jialei , Wang Qiuyan , Tian Xinmin
Published: August 2023

Drought and salinity are the main factors limiting agricultural production. Improving crop resistance to relieve land stress is a major challenge in agriculture. The salt-tolerant species Suaeda salsa is a typical indicator of saline soil. It has a strong drought tolerance and can be used as a model plant to study salt and drought tolerance in plants. In this study, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to study gene expression changes in S. salsa under salt and drought stresses, and to screen out differentially expressed genes. The genetic changes were most abundant in cellular processes, metabolic processes, ion binding, signalling, post-translational modifications, protein conversion, and molecular chaperones, suggesting that the above methods may play a significant role in the response of S. salsa to external salt and drought stress. Enrichment analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolic processes, oxidoreductase activity, transmembrane transport, kinase activity, cellular protein modification processes, and ion-binding pathways are involved in the stress response of S. salsa.
Hybrid organic–inorganic structures trigger the formation of primitive cell-like compartments
Authors: Holler Silvia , Bartlett Stuart , Löffler Richard J. G. , Casiraghi Federica , Diaz Claro Ignacio Sainz , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Hanczyc Martin M.
Published: August 2023

Alkaline hydrothermal vents have become a candidate setting for the origins of life on Earth and beyond. This is due to several key features including the presence of gradients of temperature, redox potential, pH, the availability of inorganic minerals, and the existence of a network of inorganic pore spaces that could have served as primitive compartments. Chemical gardens have long been used as experimental proxies for hydrothermal vents. This paper investigates a set of prebiotic interactions between such inorganic structures and fatty alcohols. The integration of a medium-chain fatty alcohol, decanol, within these inorganic minerals, produced a range of emergent 3 dimensions structures at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Fatty alcohols can be considered plausible prebiotic amphiphiles that might have assisted the formation of protocellular structures such as vesicles. The experiments presented herein show that neither chemical gardens nor decanol alone promote vesicle formation, but chemical gardens grown in the presence of decanol, which is then integrated into inorganic mineral structures, support vesicle formation. These observations suggest that the interaction of fatty alcohols and inorganic mineral structures could have played an important role in the emergence of protocells, yielding support for the evolution of living cells.
On the simultaneous reconstruction of the nonlinearity coefficient and the sound speed in the Westervelt equation
Authors: Kaltenbacher Barbara , Rundell William
Published: August 2023

This paper considers the Westervelt equation, one of the most widely used models in nonlinear acoustics, and seeks to recover two spatially-dependent parameters of physical importance from time-trace boundary measurements. Specifically, these are the nonlinearity parameterκ(x)often referred to asB/Ain the acoustics literature and the wave speedc0(x). The determination of the spatial change in these quantities can be used as a means of imaging. We consider identifiability from one or two boundary measurements as relevant in these applications. For a reformulation of the problem in terms of the squared slownesss=1/c02and the combined coefficientη=κc02we devise a frozen Newton method and prove its convergence. The effectiveness (and limitations) of this iterative scheme are demonstrated by numerical examples.
Synchronized measurement of instantaneous convective heat flux and velocity fields in wall-bounded flows
Authors: Foroozan F , Güemes A , Raiola M , Castellanos R , Discetti S , Ianiro A
Published: August 2023

This work presents an experimental setup for acquiring synchronized wall and flow field measurements in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL). Instantaneous measurements of the convective heat transfer distribution at the wall and of the flow field are carried out simultaneously, using synchronized wall-parallel planar particle image velocimetry and infrared thermography. A low-thermal-inertia heated-thin-foil sensor is embedded in the wall beneath the TBL to measure the wall temperature maps with enough temporal resolution. The unsteady energy balance of the heated foil can be solved to restore the instantaneous value of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the wall. A detailed description of the sensor design is included. Furthermore, owing to the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of instantaneous temperature fluctuation measurements, a recipe for data processing is proposed. A study to characterize the uncertainty of the experimental setup design is also performed. The overall agreement in the correlation between wall heat transfer and velocity fields with the literature supports the validity of the proposed approach. This solution is potentially interesting for flow control purposes, where sensing is performed at the wall.
Light axiodilatons: matter couplings, weak-scale completions and long-distance tests of gravity
Authors: Brax Philippe , Burgess C.P. , Quevedo F.
Published: August 2023

We consider the physical implications of very light axiodilatons motivated by a novel
mechanism to substantially reduce the vacuum energy proposed in 2110.10352. We address
the two main problems concerning the light axiodilaton that appears in the low-energy limit,
namely that the axion has a very low decay constant fa
∼ eV (as read from its kinetic term)
and that the dilaton is subject to bounds that are relevant to tests of GR once ρ
vac ≲ 10-80 Mp

4. We show that eV scale axion decay constants need not be a problem by
showing how supersymmetric extra dimensions provide a sample unitarization for axion physics above
eV scales for which non-anomalous matter/axiodilaton couplings can really have gravitational
strength, showing how naive EFT reasoning can mistakenly overestimates axion interactions at
eV. When axions really do couple strongly at eV scales we identify the dimensionless interaction
in the UV completion that is also O(1), and how axion energy-loss bounds map onto known
extra-dimensional constraints. We find a broad new class of exact exterior solutions to the vacuum
axiodilaton equations and knowledge of axiodilaton-matter couplings also allows us to numerically
search for interior solutions that match to known exterior solutions that can evade solar-system
tests. We find no examples that do so, but also identify potential new candidate mechanisms for
reducing the effective dilaton-matter coupling to gravitating objects without also undermining the
underlying suppression of ρ
vac.
Cross correlations of the CMB Doppler mode and the 21 cm brightness temperature in the presence of a primordial magnetic field
Authors: Kunze Kerstin E.
Published: August 2023

The cross correlation between the CMB Doppler mode and the 21 cm line brightness temperature is calculated in the presence of a stochastic primordial magnetic field.
Potential detectability is estimated for Planck 2018 bestfit parameters in combination with configuration and survey design parameters of
21 cm line radio telescopes such as LOFAR and the future SKAO.
Homogeneous as well as inhomogeneous reionization has been considered. In particular the latter in combination with SKA1-mid shows promising signal-over-noise ratios.
Generalized stimulated Raman scattering with nonlocal effects
Authors: Shreyes S , Huang Y , Ooi C H R
Published: August 2023

We present a generalized quantum theory of stimulated Raman scattering, which is based on coupled Heisenberg–Langevin equations. Analytical solutions in previous models neglect the effects of the frequency dispersion, assume far-off resonance and only consider slowly varying terms in the atomic operator. In obtaining the more general theory, we have derived partial integro-differential equation containing polarization kernels that include all the temporal nonlocal effects using systematic integral method over time. Analytical solutions of the Stokes field with greater generality for arbitrary spatial-temporal laser fields have been obtained using Laplace transform in the retarded space frame with minimal approximations made. The solutions are very general and potentially useful for studying systems in which highly accurate modeling is required such as quantum memories of a wide range of Raman systems.
Rotating Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter as a particle accelerator
Authors: Li Qi-Quan , Zhang Yu , Li Qian , Sun Qi
Published: August 2023

We study the event horizon of a rotating Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter and the black hole as a particle accelerator. The black hole is represented by four parameters: mass M, rotation parameter a, dark matter parameter α and magnetic charge g. It is interesting that when we determine the values of magnetic charge g and dark matter parameters α we can get a critical rotation parameter a

E
and then we get a contour plane with Δ = 0 taking three parameters as coordinates. We also derive the effective potential of the particle and the center-of-mass (CM) energy of the two particles outside the black hole by using the motion equations of the particle in the equatorial plane of the black hole. We find that the CM energy depends not only on the rotation parameter a, but also on the parameters g and α. We discuss the CM energy for two particles colliding at the black hole horizon in the extreme and non-extreme cases, respectively. It is found that the CM energy can become arbitrarily high when the angular momentum of one of the two particles is the critical angular momentum under the background of extreme black holes and there is no such result for non-extreme black holes, because the particles do not reach the black hole horizon when the angular momentum of the particles is critical angular momentum. Therefore, we prove that the rotating Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter can be used as a particle accelerator.
Electromagnetic effects on anisotropic expansion-free fluid content
Authors: Yousaf Z , Asad H , Almutairi Bander , Malik Adnan
Published: August 2023

The major goal of this work is to find solutions of Einstein–Maxwell field equations for anisotropic, expansion-free, non-static, spherically distributed matter content. The analytical models that highlight the major benefit of simplicity are shown and this makes it possible to use them as a toy model to illustrate how cavities evolve. Furthermore, the transport equations, quasi-homologous constraints and the junction conditions are also evaluated along with their useful implications. Eventually, the consequences of electric force on this system are summed up in the last section.
Photoinduced valley-dependent equal-spin Andreev reflection in Ising superconductor junction
Authors: Lu 卢 Wei-Tao 伟涛 , Mao 毛 Yue 岳 , Sun 孙 Qing-Feng 庆丰
Published: August 2023

The Ising spin–orbit coupling could give rise to the spin-triplet Cooper pairs and equal-spin Andreev reflection (AR) in Ising superconductors. Here we theoretically study the valley-dependent equal-spin AR in a ferromagnet/Ising superconductor junction with a circularly polarized light applied to the ferromagnet. Because of the spin-triplet Cooper pairs and the optical irradiation, eight kinds of AR processes appear in the junction, including equal-spin AR and normal AR, the strengths and properties of which strongly depend on the valley degree of freedom. The AR probabilities for the incident electron from the two valleys exhibit certain symmetry with respect to the magnetization angle and the effective energy of light. The equal-spin AR and normal AR present different features and resonant behaviors near the superconducting gap edges. Due to equal-spin-triplet Cooper pairs, not only charge supercurrent but also spin supercurrent can transport in the Ising superconductors. The differential spin conductance for electron injecting from the two valleys can be controlled by the circularly polarized light.