bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARMM‐GUI 10 years for biomolecular modeling and simulation
Authors: Jo Sunhwan , Cheng Xi , Lee Jumin , Kim Seonghoon , Park Sang‐Jun , Patel Dhilon S. , Beaven Andrew H. , Lee Kyu Il , Rui Huan , Park Soohyung , Lee Hui Sun , Roux Benoît , MacKerell Alexander D. , Klauda Jeffrey B. , Qi Yifei , Im Wonpil
Published: November 2016

CHARMM‐GUI, http://www.charmm-gui.org, is a web‐based graphical user interface that prepares complex biomolecular systems for molecular simulations. CHARMM‐GUI creates input files for a number of programs including CHARMM, NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, GENESIS, LAMMPS, Desmond, OpenMM, and CHARMM/OpenMM. Since its original development in 2006, CHARMM‐GUI has been widely adopted for various purposes and now contains a number of different modules designed to set up a broad range of simulations: (1) PDB Reader & Manipulator, Glycan Reader, and Ligand Reader & Modeler for reading and modifying molecules; (2) Quick MD Simulator, Membrane Builder, Nanodisc Builder, HMMM Builder, Monolayer Builder, Micelle Builder, and Hex Phase Builder for building all‐atom simulation systems in various environments; (3) PACE CG Builder and Martini Maker for building coarse‐grained simulation systems; (4) DEER Facilitator and MDFF/xMDFF Utilizer for experimentally guided simulations; (5) Implicit Solvent Modeler, PBEQ‐Solver, and GCMC/BD Ion Simulator for implicit solvent related calculations; (6) Ligand Binder for ligand solvation and binding free energy simulations; and (7) Drude Prepper for preparation of simulations with the CHARMM Drude polarizable force field. Recently, new modules have been integrated into CHARMM‐GUI, such as Glycolipid Modeler for generation of various glycolipid structures, and LPS Modeler for generation of lipopolysaccharide structures from various Gram‐negative bacteria. These new features together with existing modules are expected to facilitate advanced molecular modeling and simulation thereby leading to an improved understanding of the structure and dynamics of complex biomolecular systems. Here, we briefly review these capabilities and discuss potential future directions in the CHARMM‐GUI development project. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Multifaceted Roles of Primary Cilia in the Regulation of Stem Cell Properties and Functions
Authors: Lyu Rui , Zhou Jun
Published: November 2016

Stem cells are a unique class of cells that are capable of self‐renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages. An increasing number of studies have suggested that both embryonic and adult stem cells possess primary cilia, antenna‐like structures protruding from cell surfaces that are critical for sensing and transducing environmental cues. The primary cilium appears to regulate stem cells in multiple aspects, such as lineage specification and stemness maintenance. Understanding the role of primary cilia in the control of stem cell behavior could lead to the identification of new targets for regenerative therapies. Here, we discuss recent studies investigating the diverse roles of primary cilia in the regulation of stem cell properties and functions. We also propose potential new avenues for exploration in this promising field. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 935–938, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Real‐World Multicentre Retrospective Study of Paclitaxel‐Bevacizumab and Maintenance Therapy as First‐Line for HER2‐Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Gamucci Teresa , Mentuccia Lucia , Natoli Clara , Sperduti Isabella , Cassano Alessandra , Michelotti Andrea , Di Lauro Luigi , Sergi Domenico , Fabi Alessandra , Sarobba Maria G. , Marchetti Paolo , Barba Maddalena , Magnolfi Emanuela , Maugeri‐Saccà Marcello , Rossi Ernesto , Sini Valentina , Grassadonia Antonino , Pellegrini Domenica , Astone Antonino , Nisticò Cecilia , Angelini Franco , Vaccaro Angela , Pellegrino Arianna , De Angelis Claudia , Palleschi Michela , Moscetti Luca , Bertolini Ilaria , Buglioni Simonetta , Giordano Antonio , Pizzuti Laura , Vici Patrizia
Published: November 2016

Bevacizumab in combination with taxanes in HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients has shown improved progression‐free survival (PFS), despite the lack of clear overall survival (OS) benefit. We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate the impact of paclitaxel‐bevacizumab and of maintenance therapy with bevacizumab (BM) and endocrine therapy (ET) in the real‐world practice. We identified 314 HER2‐negative MBC patients treated in 12 cancer centers. Overall, the median PFS and OS were 14 and 40 months, respectively. Among the 254 patients potentially eligible for BM, 183 received BM after paclitaxel discontinuation until progression/toxicity. PFS and OS were improved in patients who had received BM in comparison with those potentially eligible but who did not receive BM (P< 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Results were confirmed when adjusting for propensity score. Among the 216 hormone‐receptor positive patients eligible for BM, a more favorable PFS and OS were observed when maintenance ET was administered (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that PS, BM, number of disease sites and maintenance ET were related to PFS, while response and maintenance ET were related to OS. In hormone‐receptor positive patients, BM produced a significant PFS and a trend towards OS benefit only in absence of maintenance ET (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.06, respectively). In the triple‐negative subgroup, we observed a trend towards a better OS for patients who received BM (P = 0.06), without differences in PFS (P = 0.21). Our results confirmed the efficacy of first‐line paclitaxel‐bevacizumab in real‐world practice; both BM and maintenance ET significantly improved PFS and OS compared to no maintenance therapies. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1571–1578, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical Stress Regulates Bone Metabolism Through MicroRNAs
Authors: Yuan Yu , Zhang Lingli , Tong Xiaoyang , Zhang Miao , Zhao Yilong , Guo Jianming , Lei Le , Chen Xi , Tickner Jennifer , Xu Jiake , Zou Jun
Published: November 2016

There are many lines of evidence indicating that mechanical stress regulates bone metabolism and promotes bone growth. BMP, Wnt, ERK1/2, and OPG/RANKL are the main molecules thought to regulate the effects of mechanical loading on bone formation. Recently, microRNAs were found to be involved in bone cell proliferation and differentiation, regulating the balance of bone formation and bone resorption. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs also participate in mechanical stress‐mediated bone metabolism, and is associated with disuse induced osteoporosis or osteopenia. Mechanical stress is able to induce expression of microRNAs that modulate the expression of osteogenic and bone resorption factors, leading to the positive impact of mechanical stress on bone. This review discusses the emerging evidence implicating an important role for microRNAs in the mechanical stress response in bone cells, as well as the challenges of translating microRNA research into potential treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1239–1245, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New approaches to producing polyols from biomass
Authors: Gómez‐Jiménez‐Aberasturi Olga , Ochoa‐Gómez José R
Published: November 2016

Polyols are polymers that contain multiple hydroxyl groups in their structure. They are generally produced from petroleum derivatives and have a relevant commercial value as building blocks, intermediates in organic synthesis, or precursors for production of polyurethanes. New alternatives for green synthesis of polyols involve the substitution of some hazardous petrochemical derivatives by others based on biomass and which are safer and environmentally more benign. This mini‐review assesses the synthesis processes of some relevant biomass polyols, products that are becoming a commercial reality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of signaling on temporal control of behavior in response‐initiated fixed intervals
Authors: Fox Adam E. , Kyonka Elizabeth G. E.
Published: November 2016

Behavior and events distributed in time can serve as markers that signal delays to future events. The majority of timing research has focused on how behavior changes as the time to some event, usually food availability, decreases. The primary objective of the two experiments presented here was to assess how behavior changes as time passes between two time markers when the first time marker was manipulated but the second, food delivery, was held constant. Pigeons were exposed to fixed‐interval, response‐initiated fixed‐interval, and signaled response‐initiated fixed‐interval 15‐ and 30‐s schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, first‐response latencies were systematically shorter in the signaled response‐initiated schedules than response‐initiated schedules, suggesting that the first response was a more effective time marker when it was signaled. In Experiment 2, responding in no‐food (i.e. “peak”) trials indicated that timing accuracy was equivalent in the three schedule types. Compared to fixed interval schedules, timing precision was reduced in the signaled response‐initiated schedules and was lowest in response‐initiated schedules. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 coupled with previous research suggest that the overall “informativeness” of a time marker relative to other events and behaviors in the environment may determine its efficacy.
Stimulus–reinforcer relations established during training determine resistance to extinction and relapse via reinstatement
Authors: Bai John Y. H. , Jonas Chan C. K. , Elliffe Douglas , Podlesnik Christopher A.
Published: November 2016

The baseline rate of a reinforced target response decreases with the availability of response‐independent sources of alternative reinforcement; however, resistance to disruption and relapse increases. Because many behavioral treatments for problem behavior include response‐dependent reinforcement of alternative behavior, the present study assessed whether response‐dependent alternative reinforcement also decreases baseline response rates but increases resistance to extinction and relapse. We reinforced target responding at equal rates across two components of a multiple schedule with pigeons. We compared resistance to extinction and relapse via reinstatement of (1) a target response trained concurrently with a reinforced alternative response in one component with (2) a target response trained either concurrently or in separate components from the alternative response across conditions. Target response rates trained alone in baseline were higher but resistance to extinction and relapse via reinstatement tests were greater after training concurrently with the alternative response. In another assessment, training target and alternative responding together, but separating them during extinction and reinstatement tests, produced equal resistance to extinction and relapse. Together, these findings are consistent with behavioral momentum theory—operant response–reinforcer relations determined baseline response rates but Pavlovian stimulus–reinforcer relations established during training determined resistance to extinction and relapse. These findings imply that reinforcing alternative behavior to treat problem behavior could initially reduce rates but increase persistence.
Value of MR elastography for the preoperative estimation of liver regeneration capacity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jang Siwon , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Dong Ho , Joo Ijin , Yoon Jeong Hee , Chang Won , Han Joon Koo
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To demonstrate the negative relationship between liver stiffness (LS) values measured at preoperative magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and the regeneration capacity of the remnant liver after major hepatectomy, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐eight patients with HCC (mean age, 57.1) who had undergone liver computed tomography (CT) and 1.5T MRE prior to right hepatectomy were included in this retrospective study. CT volumetric analysis of total functional liver (calculated by subtracting tumor volume from total liver volume), future liver remnant (FLR), and postoperative liver remnant (LR) were performed using a semiautomatic analysis program. The regeneration index was expressed as [(VLR‐VFLR)/VFLR] × 100, where VLR is the volume of the liver remnant and VFLR is the volume of the FLR. The relationship between degree of LS measured at MRE and the regeneration index was assessed using the Spearman correlation test.

Results

Average LS value at MRE increased along with hepatic fibrosis (HF) stage (r = 0.604, P < 0.001). At MRE, a cutoff value greater than 2.46 kPa yielded 90.0% sensitivity and 100% specificity in identifying HF stage 2 or greater (area under the curve [AUC], 0.95). Mean VFLR and VLR were 477.1 ± 147.5 mL and 911.9 ± 188.8 mL, respectively. The regeneration index of the liver remnant was 102.1 ± 58.2%. LS values at MRE and calculated regeneration index after right hepatectomy showed moderate negative correlation (r = –0.361, P = 0.026).

Conclusion

LS values measured at MRE may serve as a postoperative predictor of liver regeneration in patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1627–1636
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted MRI of the abdomen: The effect of fitting algorithms on the accuracy and reliability of the parameters
Authors: Park Hyo Jung , Sung Yu Sub , Lee Seung Soo , Lee Yedaun , Cheong Hyunhee , Kim Yeong Jae , Lee Moon‐gyu
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of fitting methods on the accuracy and reliability of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters, with a particular emphasis on the constraint function.

Materials and Methods

Diffusion‐weighted (DW) imaging data were analyzed using IVIM‐based full‐fitting (simultaneous fit of all parameters) and segmented‐fitting (step‐by‐step fit of each parameter), each with and without the constraint function, to estimate the molecular diffusion coefficient (Dslow), perfusion fraction (f), and flow‐related diffusion coefficient (Dfast). Computational simulations were performed at variable signal‐to‐noise ratios to evaluate the relative error (RE) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the estimated IVIM parameters. DW imaging of the abdomen was performed twice at 1.5 Tesla using nine b‐values (0−900 s/mm2) in 12 health volunteers (6 men and 6 women; mean age: 30 years). The measurement repeatability of IVIM parameters in the liver and the pancreas was evaluated using the within‐subject coefficient of variation (wCV).

Results

In simulations, full‐fitting without the constraint function yielded the largest RE (P < 0.001 for Dslow and f; P ≤ 0.044 for Dfast) and CV (P ≤ 0.033 for Dslow and f; P ≤ 0.473 for Dfast) for IVIM parameters among all four algorithms. In volunteer imaging, full‐fitting without the constraint function also resulted in the poorest repeatability for Dslow (wCV, 17.12%−65.45%) and f (wCV, 19.35%−42.84%) in the liver and pancreas, while the other algorithms had similar repeatability values (wCV, 4.05%−11.99% for Dslow and 9.65%−18.66% for f). Measurement repeatability of Dfast (wCV, 29.52%−85.01%) was the poorest among the IVIM parameters.

Conclusion

For accurate and reliable measurement of IVIM parameters, segmented fitting or full‐fitting with the constraint function should be used for IVIM‐based analysis of DW imaging.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1637–1647
MR targeted imaging for the expression of tenascin‐C in myocardial infarction in vivo
Authors: Song Jiacheng , Yu Jing , Li Yan , Lu Shanshan , Ma Zhanlong , Shi Haibin
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To investigate the presence of viable myocardium in mice with acute myocardial infarction (MI) using a molecular targeted probe.

Materials and Methods

Super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and tenascin‐C antibody were conjugated as an MRI probe. Fifteen mice with infarction were injected with SPIO‐anti‐tenascin‐C (3 days [d], 5d, 7d after infarction; n = 5 for each group). Another five mice with infarction (5d, n = 5) were injected with SPIO for comparison. In vivo MR (7 Tesla, fast low‐angle shot multi‐slice T2* sequence) was performed for tracing. Histological analysis was used to compare surviving cardiomyocytes with signal changes on MR.

Results

The mRNA expression of tenascin‐C increased directly after MI and peaked at the fifth day (5d 24.29 ± 1.41 versus 3d 10.63 ± 0.72, 7d 6.56 ± 0.12; P < 0.01). T2 relaxation rate of synthesized SPIO‐anti‐tenascin‐C was r2 = 338 mM−1s−1. After MR, the signal changes (contrast‐to‐noise ratio) of the research group were 3d 6.51 ± 1.13 versus 5d 14.06 ± 3.19 versus 7d 5.02 ± 2.65, P < 0.05. The MR signal showed a small decrease in the contrast group on 5d (research group 14.06 ± 3.19 versus contrast group 1.75 ± 0.59, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Tenascin‐C was expressed by surviving cardiomyocytes within the infarcted region. MR imaging with SPIO‐anti‐tenascin‐C might be used to evaluate myocardial viability of MI patients before therapy.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 4

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1668–1674
Molecular detection of Zika virus in blood and RNA load determination during the French Polynesian outbreak
Authors: Musso Didier , Rouault Eline , Teissier Anita , Lanteri Marion C. , Zisou Karen , Broult Julien , Grange Emilie , Nhan Tu‐Xuan , Aubry Maite
Published: November 2016

Zika virus (ZIKV) viremia is reported as low and transient; however, these estimates rely on limited data. We report RNA loads in sera collected from symptomatic patients during the 2013‐2014 French Polynesian ZIKV outbreak. We performed molecular detection of ZIKV RNA in sera from 747 patients presenting with suspected acute phase ZIKV infection. Among patients with confirmed infection, we analyzed the duration of viremia, assessed viral RNA loads and recorded the main clinical symptoms. A total of 210/747 (28.1%) sera tested positive using a ZIKV‐specific RT‐PCR. Viral RNA loads in symptomatic patients that ranged from 5 to 3.7 × 106 copies/mL (mean 9.9 × 104 copies/mL) were not related to a particular clinical presentation, and were significantly lower than those previously obtained from asymptomatic ZIKV infected blood donors. The rate of detection of ZIKV RNA in sera from suspected cases of acute phase ZIKV infection was low. ZIKV RNA loads were lower in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic blood donors and were lower than RNA loads usually reported in dengue infections. As there is no abrupt onset of symptoms in ZIKV infections, we suggest that infected patients sought for medical attention when viremia was already decreasing or had resolved.
Long distance projections of cortical pyramidal neurons
Authors: Gerfen Charles R. , Economo Michael N. , Chandrashekar Jayaram
Published: November 2016

The neuronal circuits defined by the axonal projections of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex are responsible for processing sensory and other information to plan and execute behavior. Subtypes of cortical pyramidal neurons are organized across layers, with those in different layers distinguished by their patterns of axonal projections and connectivity. For example, those in layers 2 and 3 project between cortical areas to integrate sensory and other information with motor areas; while those in layers 5 and 6 also integrate information between cortical areas, but also project to subcortical structures involved in the generation of behavior. Recent advances in neuroanatomical techniques allow one to target specific subtypes of cortical pyramidal neurons and label both their inputs and projections. Combining these methods with neurophysiological recording techniques and newly introduced atlases of the mouse brain provide the opportunity to achieve a detailed view of the organization of cerebral cortical circuits. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐term exposure to enriched environment rescues chronic stress‐induced impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity, anxiety, and memory deficits
Authors: Bhagya Venkanna Rao , Srikumar Bettadapura N. , Veena Jayagopalan , Shankaranarayana Rao Byrathnahalli S.
Published: November 2016

Exposure to prolonged stress results in structural and functional alterations in the hippocampus including reduced long‐term potentiation (LTP), neurogenesis, spatial learning and working memory impairments, and enhanced anxiety‐like behavior. On the other hand, enriched environment (EE) has beneficial effects on hippocampal structure and function, such as improved memory, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and progressive synaptic plasticity. It is unclear whether exposure to short‐term EE for 10 days can overcome restraint stress–induced cognitive deficits and impaired hippocampal plasticity. Consequently, the present study explored the beneficial effects of short‐term EE on chronic stress–induced impaired LTP, working memory, and anxiety‐like behavior. Male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic restraint stress (6 hr/day) over a period of 21 days, and then they were exposed to EE (6 hr/day) for 10 days. Restraint stress reduced hippocampal CA1‐LTP, increased anxiety‐like symptoms in elevated plus maze, and impaired working memory in T‐maze task. Remarkably, EE facilitated hippocampal LTP, improved working memory performance, and completely overcame the effect of chronic stress on anxiety behavior. In conclusion, exposure to EE can bring out positive effects on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and thereby elicit its beneficial effects on cognitive functions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teleconnection patterns impacting on the summer consecutive extreme rainfall in Central‐Eastern China
Authors: Lü Junmei , Li Yun , Zhai Panmao , Chen Junming
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Consecutive extreme rainfall (CER) events can cause enormous damage to human society and the environment in eastern China. This study analyses persistent atmospheric circulation patterns related to dominant CER modes over Central‐Eastern China. Results reveal that the two leading modes together explain 30% of the total CER variance. The circulation patterns related to the first CER mode manifest a barotropic Eurasian (EU) pattern teleconnection 4 days before the CER events occur in the southern Yangtze River. The second CER mode is associated with a negative Pacific‐Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern, which persists for 5 days until the onset of CER events in the Yangtze River Valley. Furthermore, the stagnant double blocking highs around the Urals and the Sea of Okhotsk and the vapour transport from the western North Pacific (WNP) distinguish the persistent circulations of the second CER mode from the first mode. Therefore, the configuration of persistent circulation patterns is likely responsible for the occurrence of CER events. Further analysis suggests that the Rossby waves, in association with dipolar sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northeastern Atlantic, propagate eastward towards East Asia, generating an EU‐like teleconnection 4 days prior to CER event onset. Furthermore, cold SST anomalies in the warm pool and warm SST anomalies in the tropical WNP‐South China Sea and the western Indian Ocean induce poleward‐propagating Rossby waves, creating a negative PJ teleconnection pattern up to 5 days prior to CER events. These results are supported by ray paths originating from base points of EU and PJ teleconnections.
Absolute quantification of microRNAs in green tea (Camellia sinensis) by stem‐loop quantitative real‐time PCR
Authors: Hou Ying‐Hui , Jeyaraj Anburaj , Zhang Xiao , Wei Chao‐Ling
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

There are some studies to show that food‐derived plant microRNAs (miRNAs) may be detected in mammals. The research evidence has provoked a considerable debate whether plant‐derived miRNAs exert the same regulatory functions as endogenous animal miRNAs. To test the hypothesis, methods of highly sensitive absolute quantification miRNAs have been developed. However, absolute miRNA quantification of green tea has not yet been reported. This study is the first to build an absolute quantification method to detect miRNAs level in green tea using stem‐loop quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).

RESULTS

Two miRNAs, csn‐miR164 (a conserved miRNA) and csn‐miRn329 (a tea‐specific miRNA), were selected as examples for the detection and absolute quantification of miRNAs in green tea samples using stem‐loop qRT‐PCR. The content of csn‐miR164 was significantly higher in the Yuexi Cuilan (YX) samples than in the Shucheng Orchid (SC) samples. The content of csn‐miRn329 was found to be high at the start of processing in leaf tissues in both the withering and soaking experiments, after which it gradually decreased with time.

CONCLUSION

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to absolutely quantify the miRNAs present in green tea. This method will help to further investigate the possibility that tea‐derived miRNAs may play an important role on defending against various diseases in humans. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Study on directional eye movements in non‐frontal face images for eye‐controlled interaction
Authors: Lin Min , Majumder Aditi
Published: November 2016

Directional eye movements based eye‐controlled interaction focuses on interpreting the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal eye movements or their combinations as inputs to design user interfaces for people who suffer with severe mobility disabilities. In this paper, we take into consideration the inherent eye jitter and evaluate the accuracy of dynamic tracking of horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and rectangular eye movements prior to using them. We observe that the rectangular eye gesture composed of short horizontal and vertical eye movements has the best tracking accuracy in the presence of jitter. Finally, we present methods for identifying horizontal and vertical eye movements based on the trajectory of eye pupil centers from non‐frontal face images. We find that the methods are robust and effective within ±20°deflective azimuths of non‐frontal faces. This effectiveness is demonstrated by using the rectangular eye gesture as an interface to perform a painting task.
Dual layered display that presents auto‐stereoscopic 3D images to multiple viewers in arbitrary positions
Authors: Ji Yeong‐Min , Park Jae‐Hyeung
Published: November 2016

Dual layered display or also called tensor display that consists of two panels in a stack can present full‐parallax 3D images with high resolution and continuous motion parallax by reconstructing corresponding light ray field within a viewing angle. The depth range where the 3D images can be displayed with reasonable resolution, however, is limited around the panel stack. In this paper, we propose a dual layered display that can present stereoscopic images to multiple viewers located at arbitrary positions in observer space with high resolution and large depth range. Combined with the viewer tracking system, the proposed method provides a practical way to realize high‐resolution large‐depth auto‐stereoscopic 3D display for multiple observers without restriction on the observer position and the head orientation.
Arginine—Dual roles as an onconutrient and immunonutrient
Authors: Albaugh Vance L. , Pinzon‐Guzman Carolina , Barbul Adrian
Published: November 2016

Arginine is an important player in numerous biologic processes and studies have demonstrated its importance for cellular growth that becomes limiting in states of rapid turnover (e.g., malignancy). Thus, arginine deprivation therapy is being examined as an adjuvant cancer therapy, however, arginine is also necessary for immune destruction of malignant cells. Herein we review the data supporting arginine deprivation or supplementation in cancer treatment and the currently registered trials aimed at understanding these divergent strategies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:273–280. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In‐tube extraction for the determination of the main volatile compounds in Physalis peruviana L
Authors: Kupska Magdalena , Jeleń Henryk H.
Published: November 2016

An analytical procedure based on in‐tube extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry has been developed for the analysis of 24 of the main volatile components in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) samples. According to their chemical structure, the compounds were organized into different groups: one hydrocarbon, one aldehyde, four alcohols, four esters, and 14 monoterpenes. By single‐factor experiments, incubation temperature, incubation time, extraction volume, extraction strokes, extraction speed, desorption temperature, and desorption speed were determined as 60°C, 20 min, 1000 μL, 20, 50:50 μL/s, 280°C, 100 μL/s, respectively. Quantitative analysis using authentic standards and external calibration curves was performed. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the analytical procedure were calculated. Results shown the benzaldehyde, ethyl butanoate, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 1‐hexanol, 1‐butanol, α‐terpineol, and terpinen‐4‐ol were the most abundant volatile compounds in analyzed fruits (68.6–585 μg/kg). The obtained data may contribute to qualify cape gooseberry to the group of superfruits and, therefore, increase its popularity.
Preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization for the rapid extraction of avermectin from fish samples
Authors: You Xiaoxiao , Gao Lei , Qin Dongli , Chen Ligang
Published: November 2016

A novel and highly efficient approach to obtain magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers is described to detect avermectin in fish samples. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized by surface imprinting polymerization using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes as the support materials, atom transfer radical polymerization as the polymerization method, avermectin as template, acrylamide as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker. The characteristics of the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were assessed by using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The binding characteristics of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were researched through isothermal adsorption experiment, kinetics adsorption experiment, and the selectivity experiment. Coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, the extraction conditions of the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers as adsorbents for avermectin were investigated in detail. The recovery of avermectin was 84.2–97.0%, and the limit of detection was 0.075 μg/kg. Relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the range of 1.7–2.9% and 3.4–5.6%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the extraction method not only has high selectivity and accuracy, but also is convenient for the determination of avermectin in fish samples.
Social Support, Coping, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Female Sexual Assault Survivors: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Ullman Sarah E. , Relyea Mark
Published: November 2016

Social support and coping affect each other after stressful life events, including sexual assault (Taylor & Stanton, 2007). The present study examined the associations among assault‐specific support, maladaptive coping, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) over 3 years in a sample of female sexual assault survivors from a large metropolitan area (N = 1,863). A 3‐wave cross‐lagged panel model revealed significant weak‐to‐moderate reciprocal associations between maladaptive coping and PTSS (βs = .09 to .21), significant weak reciprocal associations between turning against social reactions and PTSS (βs = .07 to .10), and inconsistent weak reciprocal associations between maladaptive coping and unsupportive acknowledgment reactions (βs = .06 to .14). We conclude with implications regarding treatment and intervention for survivors and their support networks.
Effects of electrical stimulation on vocal functions in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Law Thomas , Lee Kathy Y.‐S. , Wong Rita W.M. , Leung Yeptain , Ku Peter K.M. , Wong Eddy W.Y. , Li Hok‐Nam , Ng Louisa K.Y. , van Hasselt C. Andrew , Tong Michael C.F.
Published: November 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on vocal functions in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiation therapy.

Study Design

Prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Methods

One hundred forty newly treated NPC patients were recruited and randomized into NMES or traditional swallowing exercise (TE) group. Participants received intensive NMES or traditional swallowing therapy and were followed up until 12 months postrandomization. Fifty‐seven participants completed the treatment and all of the follow‐up assessments. The Voice Handicap Index‐30 (VHI‐30) was used to measure the vocal functions of the participants.

Results

The NMES group showed no significant changes to their vocal functions, whereas the TE group showed a short‐term deterioration of voice functions at the 6‐month follow‐up. VHI‐30 scores returned to the baseline level for both groups at the 12‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions

NMES is shown to provide a short‐term benefit on vocal functions for NPC patients following radiation therapy.

Level of Evidence

1b Laryngoscope, 127:1119–1124, 2017
Intratympanic dexamethasone in sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: El Sabbagh Nagi G. , Sewitch Maida J. , Bezdjian Aren , Daniel Sam J.
Published: November 2016

Objective

Systemic dexamethasone has demonstrated conclusive benefits in reversing sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) despite considerable number of potential side effects. In contrast, the intratympanic route of steroid administration averts several possible complications. This study aims to examine the literature to delineate the efficacy and side effect of intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) injection for the treatment of SSNHL.

Data Source

Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE electronic databases from January 1950 to August 2014, with an update performed on November 10, 2014.

Review Methods

Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCTs), using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses flow diagram and guidelines. Quality assessment was performed using The Cochrane Collaboration Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias.

Results

Eight RCCTs on SSNHL were included Three of the eight studies had high risk of bias. Substantial heterogeneity was found. The meta‐analysis failed to detect statistically significant difference between ITD and alternative treatment (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% credible intervals = 0.11–1.27). The side‐effects profile was favorable for ITD. No serious adverse events were recorded.

Conclusion

There is no sufficient scientific evidence to support a difference between ITD and alternative therapy for SSNHL. We recommend larger RCCTs to determine the effectiveness of ITD compared to oral steroid therapy. We encourage a shift in study design selection toward noninferiority or superiority studies. Avoiding systemic corticotherapy, especially in vulnerable populations, should be the rationale for future research in the field.

Laryngoscope, 127:1897–1908, 2017
The assessment of mucosal surgical margins in head and neck cancer surgery with narrow band imaging
Authors: Šifrer Robert , Urbančič Jure , Strojan Primož , Aničin Aleksandar , Žargi Miha
Published: November 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

The diagnostic gain of narrow band imaging in the definition of surgical margins in the treatment of head and neck cancer was evaluated.

Study Design

A prospective study, blinded to the pathologist, with historical comparison.

Methods

The study group included 45 patients subjected to the intraoperative definition of margins by narrow band imaging. The control group included 55 patients who had undergone standard definition of margins. All patients underwent resection of the tumor and frozen section analysis of superficial margins. The rate of initial R0 resection and the ratio of histologically negative margins for both groups were statistically compared.

Results

The rate of initial R0 resection in the study group and in the control group was 88.9% and 70.9% (P = .047), and the ratio of histologically negative margins was 95.9% and 88.4% (P = .017), respectively.

Conclusions

Narrow band imaging reveals a microscopic extension of the tumor that could be effectively used to better define superficial margins and to achieve a higher rate of initial R0 resections.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 127:1577–1582, 2017
Quality of life of patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: San Giorgi Michel R. M. , Aaltonen Leena‐Maija , Rihkanen Heikki , Tjon Pian Gi Robin E. A. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Hoekstra‐Weebers Josette E. H. M. , Dikkers Frederik G.
Published: November 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a disease with a high disease burden. Few studies have assessed quality of life (QoL) of RRP patients. This study compares QoL of these patients with controls. Associations between QoL and sociodemographic and illness‐related factors are examined, as is uptake of psychosocial care and speech therapy.

Study Design

Prospective cross‐sectional questionnaire research.

Methods

Ninety‐one RRP patients (response = 67%) from two university hospitals in the Netherlands and Finland completed the following patient reported outcome measures: (HADS), 15‐dimensional health‐related quality‐of‐life scale (15D), Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the RAND 36‐item health‐related quality‐of‐life survey instrument (RAND‐36) assessing health‐related QoL and voice handicap, and they provided sociodemographic, illness‐related, and allied healthcare use. Descriptive analyses, χ2tests,ttests, analysis of variance tests, and Pearson correlations were computed to describe the study population and to examine differences between groups.

Results

RRP patients had significantly higher mean scores on depression, health‐related QoL (15D) and on voice problems (VHI), and significantly lower mean scores on anxiety than controls. Dutch patients had more pain and a decreased general health perception (RAND‐36) than controls. Dutch patients and older patients were more depressed, women were more anxious, older patients had lower health‐related QoL, and smoking was significantly associated with voice handicap. Patients who had received psychosocial care had significantly higher HADS‐depression mean scores than patients who did not receive psychosocial care.

Conclusions

Having RRP has significant effect on voice‐related QoL and depression, but has no negative effect on anxiety and health‐related QoL. Risk factors for decreased functioning are different than previously hypothesized by many authors. Prevention should be aimed at these risk factors.

Level of Evidence

4.Laryngoscope, 127:1826–1831, 2017
Amazon River influence on nitrogen fixation and export production in the western tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Weber Sarah C. , Carpenter Edward J. , Coles Victoria J. , Yager Patricia L. , Goes Joaquim , Montoya Joseph P.
Published: November 2016

As part of the ANACONDAS program, we investigated the role of the Amazon plume in stimulating offshore nitrogen fixation and export production during the river's high‐discharge period (May–June 2010). Using the shipboard underway system, we performed high‐resolution sampling of over 450,000 km2 of surface waters, characterizing the distribution of nutrients, phytoplankton, particulate organic matter (POM), and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of POM in the offshore plume. We found distinct regional variations in diazotroph communities, with the Diatom‐Diazotroph Associations (DDA) Hemiaulus hauckii – Richelia intracellularis dominating the low N : P mesohaline waters to the northwest of the plume axis and Trichodesmium spp. primarily occupying oceanic waters to the east. Nutrient availability broadly shaped diazotroph distributions along the salinity gradient, but habitat longevity may also play a role in the finer‐scale distributions of communities, particularly of DDAs. H. hauckii and Trichodesmium spp. affected the nitrogen and carbon budgets in fundamentally different ways within the plume‐influenced regions, with H. hauckii making much greater contributions to the particulate nitrogen pool and to CO2 drawdown than Trichodesmium spp., leading to much higher export fluxes. Our findings provide an important constraint on the role of the Amazon plume in creating distinct niches and roles for diazotrophs in the nutrient and carbon budgets of the western tropical North Atlantic.
Ordination obscures the influence of environment on plankton metacommunity structure
Authors: Dallas Tad A. , Kramer Andrew M. , Zokan Marcus , Drake John M.
Published: November 2016

The composition of plankton communities in individual habitats is often influenced by environmental conditions like pH or hydroperiod. At larger scales, environmental gradients can influence community structure across interconnected local communities. Detecting the role of environmental and spatial factors on metacommunity structure depends on the ordering of sites and species prior to analysis. We investigated this ordination in two wetland metacommunities; a well‐sampled, hyper‐diverse zooplankton metacommunity, and a Central American phytoplankton metacommunity. We calculated coherence, turnover, and boundary clumping to classify the structure of the metacommunity, and we propose a statistic that responds to variation in both coherence and turnover. Traditional ordination approaches failed to discern metacommunity structure, while significant structure existed along abiotic gradients in both zooplankton and phytoplankton systems. This shows that abiotic controls on community composition may not be detectable with traditional analyses, and suggests an alternative of ordering sites by known abiotic gradients.
Stone/tissue differentiation for Holmium laser lithotripsy using autofluorescence: Clinical proof of concept study
Authors: Lange Birgit , Jocham Dieter , Brinkmann Ralf , Cordes Jens
Published: November 2016

Background and Objectives

Holmium laser lithotripsy is the gold standard for intracorporeal fragmentation of urinary calculi. Usually, a visible beam is superimposed on the IR treatment laser as an aiming beam to guide the surgeon. In vitro tests showed that this aiming beam (532 nm, power <1 mW) excites strong fluorescence on human calculi. Tissue, in contrast, emitted much weaker fluorescence. If this is verified in vivo, the fluorescence signal induced by the aiming beam could be used to implement a feedback loop, preventing the Holmium laser being fired on tissue.

Materials and Methods

Fluorescence signals of 67 tissue and 68 stone spots were measured in a clinical proof of concept study with eight patients. For this, a modulated excitation/detection scheme (lock‐in technique) was implemented. A frequency‐doubled, diode‐pumped solid‐state laser module (532 nm, modulation frequency 66 Hz, average power 0.3 mW) was coupled via a dichroic mirror with the Holmium lithotripsy laser into the treatment fiber. The fluorescence signal entering the treatment fiber was detected via another dichroic mirror with a photodiode and a lock‐in amplifier.

Results

In most instances (94%), the calculus of a patient gave a signal which was at least twice the maximum signal of ureteral tissue.

Conclusion

The results of our proof of concept study indicate that measuring the fluorescence signal of a green aiming beam could be used to implement a feedback loop for Holmium laser lithotripsy. Preventing the laser being fired on tissue, this would increase the safety of the procedure. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:361–365, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photodynamic diagnosis with 5‐aminolevulinic acid for intraoperative detection of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer: A feasibility and dose finding study
Authors: Hillemanns Peter , Wimberger Pauline , Reif Jessica , Stepp Herbert , Klapdor Rüdiger
Published: November 2016

Objective

With a prospective feasibility study, we aimed to analyse the effect of different time points for application and dosage of preoperative oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid administration for photodynamic diagnosis of peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer patients.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective cohort study patients were randomly divided into three different groups. 5‐Aminolevulinic acid was orally administered 3–14 hours before surgery using a dosage of 1 mg/kg, 4–9 hours using 10 mg/kg, and 9–16 hours using 10 mg/kg, respectively. Fluorescence was recorded intraoperatively using endoscopic equipment. The number and localization, of fluorescing nodules were documented. To analyze sensitivity and specificity samples from fluorescent and non‐fluorescent tissues were evaluated histologically. Plasma protoporphyrin concentrations as well as any adverse events were assessed perioperatively.

Results

In total, 26 patients suspected for ovarian cancer underwent intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis with 5‐aminolevulinic acid. Most of them suffered from advanced cancer, 72% from FIGO‐Stage IIIc. No severe adverse events were observed. Orally applied 5‐aminolevulinic acid with a dosage of 1 mg/kg revealed no detectable fluorescence. However, at a dosage of 10 mg/kg fluorescence of metastatic tissue was significantly stronger than of non‐affected tissue. If administered 4–9 hours preoperatively best detection rates for peritoneal metastases were obtained resulting in a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100%.

Conclusions

Photodynamic diagnosis with 5‐aminolevulinic acid leads to safe and specific fluorescence detection of peritoneal metastases. 5‐Aminolevulinic acid should be used at a dosage of at least 10 mg/kg 4–9 hours preoperatively. Further phase I–II studies are recommended. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:169–176, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of gold nanoparticles on wound healing treatment in rat model: Photobiomodulation therapy
Authors: Lau PikSuan , Bidin Noriah , Islam Shumaila , Shukri Wan Norsyuhada Binti Wan Mohd , Zakaria Nurlaily , Musa Nurfatin , Krishnan Ganesan
Published: November 2016

Background and Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on wound healing process.

Materials and Methods

AuNPs are synthesized by Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser ablation technique. Cutaneous wound are induced on 45 Sprague Dawley rats on its dorsal part and then randomly divided into three groups. One group serves as non‐treatment group (GC) and another two groups are subjected to AuNPs with and without PBMT. About 808 nm diode laser with output power of 100 mW is used as a light source for PBMT. The treatment was carried out daily with exposure duration of 50 seconds and total fluence of 5 J/cm2. Wound area is monitored for 9 consecutive days using a digital camera, and histological examination is performed at 3rd, 6th, and 9th day through hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Masson's trichrome stain.

Results

The group of rats subjected to AuNPs with PBMT shows significantly accelerated wound closure compared to other groups. Histological results indicate that AuNPs and PBMT group is more effective in stimulating angiogenesis and triggers inflammatory response at early stage.

Conclusion

The application of AuNPs in PBMT has potential to accelerate wound healing due to enhanced epithelialization, collagen deposition and fast vascularization. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:380–386, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.