bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unmasking Villaret’s syndrome: a diagnostic challenge of glomus jugulare mimicking mastoiditis
Authors: Shah Abhishek Kumar , Barnawal Prince , Kafle Aayushma , Gajurel Bikram Prasad
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Villaret’s syndrome involves unilateral palsy of cranial nerves IX to XII, often with Horner’s sign, commonly caused by benign neoplasms or vascular issues. This report highlights glomus jugulare-induced Villaret syndrome, stressing careful evaluation for persistent otologic symptoms.

Case presentation:

A 43-year-old woman with a history of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) presented with recurrent ear discharge, pain, and severe mixed hearing loss. Despite a left tympanoplasty, symptoms persisted, leading to a canal wall down mastoidectomy. Six months later, she developed facial numbness, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Physical exam showed unilateral cranial nerve palsies with Horner’s syndrome, consistent with Villaret’s syndrome. Imaging confirmed a glomus jugulare tumor. After digital subtraction angiography and balloon occlusion test, surgical resection was performed. Postoperatively, she showed gradual cranial nerve recovery and remains under follow-up.

Discussion:

Jugular foramen syndrome involves unilateral cranial nerve palsies, including Villaret’s syndrome, where cranial nerves IX–XII and cervical sympathetic fibers are affected. Most often linked to benign neoplasms like paragangliomas, glomus jugulare tumors are slow-growing, often benign, and predominantly affect middle-aged females. Diagnosis relies on MRI’s “salt-and-pepper” imaging, with high-resolution CT for bony involvement. Treatment, including surgery with embolization, aims to reduce cranial nerve deficits. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery are options for non-surgical candidates or recurrence cases.

Conclusion:

This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of Villaret’s syndrome caused by glomus jugulare. Initially masked by symptoms of chronic otitis media and mastoiditis, cranial nerve deficits eventually revealed the underlying tumor, highlighting the importance of vigilant assessment and imaging in persistent otologic cases.
Moving forward together: collaborative strategies in HIV prevention across Africa – a narrative review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: January 2025

HIV remains a major public health challenge across Africa, with the region accounting for nearly 70% of the global HIV burden. Despite significant advances in HIV prevention, treatment, and care, the epidemic continues to disproportionately affect certain populations, exacerbating health disparities and posing a barrier to socioeconomic development. This narrative review explores collaborative strategies in HIV prevention across Africa, focusing on multi-sectoral approaches, community-based interventions, and international partnerships. The review emphasizes the critical role of local communities, healthcare systems, and government organizations in reducing HIV transmission, with a particular focus on the importance of tailored prevention programs for vulnerable populations. Key strategies highlighted in the review include the integration of HIV prevention into broader public health initiatives, such as reproductive health, education, and poverty reduction programs. Community-based interventions, especially those involving community health workers (CHWs) and peer education, have proven effective in reaching at-risk populations. Additionally, international partnerships and funding from organizations like PEPFAR and the Global Fund have been instrumental in scaling up HIV prevention efforts, providing essential resources and technical support. Regional collaborations, such as those between neighboring countries in East and Southern Africa, have also played a vital role in addressing cross-border transmission and providing services to migrant populations.
Fungal skull base lesion masquerading as malignancy: a diagnostic dilemma. Illustrative case report
Authors: M Kodeeswaran , Muthuchitra S. , Hidhaya S Noorul , P Vishaal , Janakiraman P.B. , P Tamilarasan , Priyadharshan K.P. , Alagarsamy Jamila , Dhoka Gaurav R. , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The clivus is an uncommon site for fungal infections and is typically associated with tumors or metastases. Invasive fungal sinusitis extending to the skull base is exceptionally rare and often mimics clival malignancies such as chordomas or metastases. This overlap in clinical and radiological features can lead to diagnostic delays.

Case presentation:

The authors present a case of a 36-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with symptoms and imaging findings suggestive of a malignant skull base tumor, particularly clival chordoma. However, histopathological analysis revealed invasive fungal sinusitis with clival involvement.

Discussion:

In skull base lesions, particularly those involving the clivus, fungal infections should remain a differential diagnosis, even in patients without immunocompromising conditions. Early diagnosis using biopsy and microbiological analysis is essential for appropriate surgical management and antifungal therapy.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of considering the fungal etiology in clival lesions, especially in high-risk patients. Prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach can significantly improve the outcomes in rare and complex presentations.
Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer in a Patient With Isolated Uterine Leiomyomas
Authors: Ardestani Shakiba , McGrattan Meghan , Gillies Brittany , Kim Raymond H. , Sobel Mara
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome that is characterized by renal cell carcinoma, cutaneous leiomyomas, and uterine leiomyomas. Although HLRCC is usually identified in individuals with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas or a personal or family history of renal cell carcinoma, advances in histopathology have allowed detection of HLRCC in myomectomy and hysterectomy specimens.

CASE:

A 36-year-old patient with a large leiomyoma was referred to gynecology for heavy menstrual bleeding. After no response to medical management, she proceeded with elective myomectomy. Fumarate hydratase (FH) immunohistochemical staining of the myomectomy specimen and subsequent molecular genetic analysis of the FH gene confirmed a diagnosis of HLRCC.

CONCLUSION:

As more patients with HLRCC are identified with a primary presentation of leiomyomas, it is essential that gynecologists are familiar with this diagnosis. Health care professionals should inquire about skin lesions and family history of renal cell carcinoma in patients with symptomatic leiomyomas and refer patients with risk factors or pathology findings suggestive of HLRCC for genetic counseling.
Hip fracture surgery in resource-limited environments: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kiani Sara N. , Oberlohr Verena , Elsevier Hannah , Cordero Daniella M. , Tahir Peggy M. , Miclau Theodore
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

With life expectancies increasing worldwide, there is a concomitant rise in the incidence of fragility fractures. As such, low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) will be faced with increased incidences of hip fractures. The care of these fractures is adversely affected by various factors that include under-resourced healthcare systems and large socioeconomic disparities, which disproportionately affect patient care in these regions relative to high-income countries. The purpose of this study was to determine treatment trends and outcomes of hip fracture care in lesser resourced regions as reported in primary literature sources through a systematic review.

Data Sources:

The article search was conducted on December 16, 2020, and April 14, 2022, in 3 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. A search strategy unique to each database was developed with a research librarian using English search terms.

Study Selection:

Studies were selected using DistillerSR systematic review software. Two rounds of screening were performed for inclusion: 1) title and abstract screening and 2) full-text screening. Two researchers independently reviewed all articles. No articles were excluded based on language.

Data Extraction:

The extracted information included country, study demographics and design, hip fracture location, treatment, and outcomes.

Data Synthesis:

Of the 2533 initially identified abstracts, a total of 24 articles met the criteria for inclusion and were selected for final data extraction after full-text screening.

Conclusion:

This systematic review demonstrates a paucity of research evaluating geriatric hip fractures in LICs and LMICs. Additional research is needed to better characterize the preferred treatment by fracture type and associated complications in resource-limited environments.
Current Evidence on the Care of Young Infants With Hypothermia in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Lo Yu Hsiang J. , Potisek Nicholas M. , Money Nathan M. , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Cruz Andrea T. , Rogers Alexander J.
Published: January 2025

The presence of hypothermia among young infants in the emergency department may be a sign of serious or invasive bacterial infections, or invasive herpes simplex viral infection. However, hypothermia may also occur due to a variety of other infectious and noninfectious conditions or environmental exposure. In some settings, hypothermia may represent a protective, energy-conserving response to illness. Recent efforts have enhanced our understanding of the prevalence of serious infections among infants with hypothermia, although challenges remain due to lack of standardized definitions and comprehensive guidelines. There exists extensive variation in the care of young infants with hypothermia. Risk factors for serious bacterial infections in infants with hypothermia, as identified in single-center and multicenter retrospective studies, include lower temperatures, older age, and abnormalities in blood and urine testing. Given the absence of clear guidelines, management of infants with hypothermia relies heavily on clinician judgment and shared decision making, guided by individual patient assessments and risk factors. This review article summarizes existing evidence and identifies gaps in the management of infants (<90 days) with hypothermia in the emergency department.
Recurrence of skin and soft tissue infections: identifying risk factors and treatment strategies
Authors: Toschi Alice , Giannella Maddalena , Viale Pierluigi
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review

Recurrent skin and soft tissue infections (RSSTIs) are challenging for the clinicians due to morbidity and healthcare-related costs. Here, we review updates on risk factors and management.

Recent findings

RSSTIs rates range between 7 and 45%. Local and systemic conditions can favour RSSTIs, with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and immunosuppressive disease becoming increasingly relevant. Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aures (including methicillin resistant, MRSA) are the leading causative pathogens of RSSTIs, but also Gram-negative bacteria and polymicrobial infection should be considered. To prevent recurrences, treatment of underlying predisposing factor, complete source control and appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial. Antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent erysipelas and decolonization for MRSA carriers demonstrated some advantages, but also long-term loss of efficacy and possible adverse effects. Clinical score and patients risk stratification could be useful tools to target prophylaxis and decolonization strategies. To reduce hospitalization rates and costs, outpatient oral and parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) and long-acting antibiotics are being implemented.

Management of RSSTIs requires both preventive interventions on modifiable risk factors and pharmacological strategies, with a patient tailored approach.
It’s Probably Just Heart Burn! A Case of Pregnancy-Associated Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Nadeau Catherine , Gonzalez Juan M. , Cardy Christina , Cain Mary A. , Crousillat Daniela
Published: January 2025

Pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD) poses a rare yet critical concern among postpartum individuals, increasingly recognized as a significant trigger for acute myocardial infarction. Timely identification, accurate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are paramount for clinicians confronted with this condition. Patients with P-SCAD commonly manifest signs and symptoms akin to acute coronary syndrome but have different etiology and treatment. SCAD is defined as a non-traumatic, non-iatrogenic separation of the coronary artery wall, not associated with atherosclerosis. The predominant mechanism of myocardial injury is coronary artery obstruction caused by an intramural hematoma or intimal disruption compromising the lumen at the site of dissection. Diagnosis is made with a comprehensive history and physical examination, cardiac biomarkers, a 12-lead ECG, transthoracic echocardiogram, and confirmed with coronary angiography. Stable patients are managed medically, while more severe cases may require additional intervention.
Quantum computing for swarm robotics: a local-to-global approach
Authors: Mannone Maria , Seidita Valeria , Chella Antonio
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing is a branch of computer science derived from the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, such as state superposition, multi-value logic and destructive measure. An open challenge in itself is to re-think in quantum terms classic problems and solving techniques. Another nature-inspired field is the development of swarm-based robotic applications, where the challenge is catching the fundamental laws governing swarm dynamics, such as pattern formation and target reaching. Here, we review some recent approaches on swarm dynamics, the organizational rules of which are formalized according to quantum computing. In this way, the shades of probability in decision-making for multiple-robot systems can be expressed according to the multi-value logic underlying quantum computing. In our review, specific quantum circuits are sketched to give an idea of how these problems have been faced in computational terms. The article is enriched by references to sonification, a strategy adding one more sensory dimension to data representation, a human-friendly tool to navigate the complexity of swarm-robotic movements in a given arena.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.
Signalling and social learning in swarms of robots
Authors: Cazenille Leo , Toquebiau Maxime , Lobato-Dauzier Nicolas , Loi Alessia , Macabre Loona , Aubert-Kato Nathanaël , Genot Anthony J. , Bredeche Nicolas
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the role of communication in improving coordination within robot swarms, focusing on a paradigm where learning and execution occur simultaneously in a decentralized manner. We highlight the role communication can play in addressing the credit assignment problem (individual contribution to the overall performance), and how it can be influenced by it. We propose a taxonomy of existing and future works on communication, focusing on information selection and physical abstraction as principal axes for classification: from low-level lossless compression with raw signal extraction and processing to high-level lossy compression with structured communication models. The paper reviews current research from evolutionary robotics, multi-agent (deep) reinforcement learning, language models and biophysics models to outline the challenges and opportunities of communication in a collective of robots that continuously learn from one another through local message exchanges, illustrating a form of social learning.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.
Machine teaching in Swarm Metaverse under different levels of autonomy
Authors: Hussein Aya , Nguyen Hung , Abbass Hussein A.
Published: January 2025

Shepherding algorithms enable scalable swarm control via the utilization of one or a few control agents. Despite their demonstrated effectiveness in controlling swarms of point-particle agents, shepherding algorithms have been barely evaluated in controlling realistic swarms of uncrewed vehicles (UxVs). Furthermore, existing shepherding algorithms face significant challenges in dealing with complex environments such as those featuring obstacles. We address these research gaps by studying the use of human demonstrations for teaching herding behaviours to machine learning controllers. In particular, we focus on how the level of autonomy used for collecting human demonstrations affects the effectiveness of the resulting swarm controller performance. Our experimental investigation shows that demonstrations collected under a high level of autonomy result in a significantly higher success rate than those collected under a low level of autonomy. Our findings highlight that providing high-level commands for the human demonstrator is more effective even when the demonstrations is used for training a low-level controller.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.
DISTINCT SALIVARY MICROBIOTA PROFILES,BDNFDNA METHYLATION ANDMIR-16-5P,MIR-29A-3P,MIR-191-5PALTERATIONS IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Authors: Girella Antonio , Vismara Matteo , O’Riordan Kenneth J. , Gunnigle Eoin , Mercante Francesca , Girone Nicolaja , Pucci Mariangela , Gatta Valentina , Konstantinidou Fani , Stuppia Liborio , Cryan John F. , Dell’Osso Bernardo , D’Addario Claudio
Published: January 2025

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) frequently co-occur, with depressive symptoms affecting OCD progression and vice versa. Identifying biomarkers is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. While the gut microbiota’s role in psychiatric disorders is well-studied, this research focuses on alterations in the oral microbiota and their relationship withBDNF(Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) DNA methylation in OCD and MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Our findings reveal significant changes in microbiota composition with OCD patients showing increased Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes abundances (p<0.05; CTRL=n.24, OCD=n.21), while MDD patients exhibiting increased Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, with reduced Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria abundances (p<0.05; CTRL=n.24, MDD=n.16). These alterations, including potential post-streptococcal autoimmunity, highlight the microbiota’s role in OCD and MDD pathophysiology. Selective changes inBDNFDNA methylation were observed in both disorders at CpG sites in exon I and IV, significantly reduced in OCD and MDD (p<0.05; CTRL=n.24, OCD=n.23, MDD=n.16) and, following miRNome analysis showed altered expression ofBDNF-targeting microRNAs, withmiR-16-5pandmiR-29a-3pupregulated in OCD (p<0.05; CTRL=n.24, OCD=n.17), andmiR-29a-3pupregulated andmiR-191-5pdownregulated in MDD (p<0.05; CTRL=n.24, MDD=n.16). These findings suggest disorder-specific microbiota and epigenetic profiles, positioning saliva as a non-invasive tool for biomarker identification. This research advances understanding of microbial-epigenetic interactions in OCD and MDD, potentially guiding early diagnosis and targeted therapies.
Uridine Metabolism as a Targetable Metabolic Achilles’ Heel for chemo-resistant B-ALL
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Jiang Haowen , Liu Jingjing , Stuani Lucille , Merchant Milton , Jager Astraea , Koladiya Abhishek , Chang Ti-Cheng , Domizi Pablo , Sarno Jolanda , Keyes Tim , Jedoui Dorra , Wang Ao , Meng Jodie , Hartmann Felix , Bendall Sean C. , Huang Min , Lacayo Norman J. , Sakamoto Kathleen M. , Mullighan Charles G. , Loh Mignon , Yu Jiyang , Yang Jun , Ye Jiangbin , Davis Kara L.
Published: January 2025

Relapse continues to limit survival for patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Previous studies have independently implicated activation of B-cell developmental signaling pathways and increased glucose consumption with chemo-resistance and relapse risk. Here, we connect these observations, demonstrating that B-ALL cells with active signaling, defined by high expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (“pS6+ cells”), are metabolically unique and glucose dependent. Isotope tracing and metabolic flux analysis confirm that pS6+ cells are highly glycolytic and notably sensitive to glucose deprivation, relying on glucose forde novonucleotide synthesis. Uridine, but not purine or pyrimidine, rescues pS6+ cells from glucose deprivation, highlighting uridine is essential for their survival. Active signaling in pS6+ cells drives uridine production through activating phosphorylation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CAD), the enzyme catalyzing the initial steps of uridine synthesis. Inhibition of signaling abolishes glucose dependency and CAD phosphorylation in pS6+ cells. Primary pS6+ cells demonstrate high expression of uridine synthesis proteins, including dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting catalyst ofde novouridine synthesis. Gene expression demonstrates that increased expression ofDHODHis associated with relapse and inferior event-free survival after chemotherapy. Further, the majority of B-ALL genomic subtypes demonstrate activity of DHODH. Inhibiting DHODH using BAY2402232 effectively kills pS6+ cellsin vitro, with its IC50 correlated with the strength of pS6 signaling across 14 B-ALL cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX).In vivoDHODH inhibition prolongs survival and decreases leukemia burden in pS6+ B-ALL cell line and PDX models. These findings link active signaling to uridine dependency in B-ALL cells and an associated risk of relapse. Targeting uridine synthesis through DHODH inhibition offers a promising therapeutic strategy for chemo-resistant B-ALL as a novel therapeutic approach for resistant disease.
Unraveling and overcoming the ammonia toxicity in methanotrophs for sustainable biomanufacturing and methane removal
Authors: Zhang Haili , Gao Zixi , Xiao Xi , Cheng Minggen , Fei Qiang , Yan Xin
Published: January 2025

Replacement of nitrate with ammonium at large scale cultivation of methanotrophs can improve the economic feasibility of these bacteria in methane-based biomanufacturing and methane removal. However, ammonia toxicity and N2O emission impede this option. The mechanism of ammonia oxidation in methanotrophs remains elusive, limiting the effort to detoxify ammonia via genetic engineering. Using an industrially promising methanotroph as a model, we identified a porin PorA that facilitated ammonium uptake. Inactivation of PorA remarkably relieved ammonia toxicity and reduced N2O production. Meanwhile, we demonstrated thathaoA,cytLandhcpcontributed to ammonia detoxification andcytLwas involved in the conversion of NH2OH to N2O. A mutant strain with increased ammonium-utilizing ability and decreased N2O emission was constructed. High growth rate and cell biomass were achieved in fed-batch fermentation with this strain using ammonium. These results deepen our understanding of ammonia oxidation in methanotrophs and promote their applications in biomanufacturing and methane removal.
Deep learning reveals functional archetypes in the adult human gut microbiome that underlie interindividual variability and confound disease signals
Authors: Meawad Mohamed , Singh Dalwinder , Deng Alice , Sonthalia Rohan , Cai Evelyn , Dumeaux Vanessa
Published: January 2025

Understanding the functional diversity of the gut microbiome is essential for decoding its roles in health and disease. Using a deep-learning framework, we identified three functional archetypes defining healthy adult gut microbiomes, each characterized by specific metabolic potentials: sugar metabolism with branched-chain amino acid and cell wall synthesis (Archetype 1), fatty acid and TCA cycle metabolism (Archetype 2), and amino acid and nitrogen metabolism (Archetype 3). Archetype proximity is linked to stability, with Archetype 2 representing the most resilient state, likely due to its metabolic flexibility. Functional diversity emerged as a confounder in disease-associated microbial signatures. In inflammatory bowel disease, we observed archetype-specific shifts, including increased carbohydrate metabolism in Archetype 1-dominant samples and inflammatory pathways in Archetype 3-dominant samples, suggesting distinct opportunities for microbiome-targeted interventions. This framework addresses key challenges in microbiome research, including inter-individual variability and confounding, while providing robust insights into disease-associated functional shifts and microbial ecosystem dynamics.

Highlights

Adult gut microbiomes are defined by three functional archetypes

Archetypes reveal distinct metabolic potentials and inform on microbiome stability

Archetype-specific functional profiles confound disease associations and reveal therapeutic targets

A deep-learning framework enables robust characterization of microbial functional ecosystems
High-quality axions from higher-form symmetries in extra dimensions
Authors: Craig Nathaniel , Kongsore Marius
Published: January 2025

The extradimensional axion solves the strong CP problem while largely circumventing the quality problem that plagues its four-dimensional counterparts. Such high quality can be clearly understood in terms of the generalized global symmetries of the higher-dimensional theory. We emphasize that an electric one-form symmetry is entirely responsible for protecting the potential of axions arising from 5D gauge theories and use this to systematically characterize the extradimensional axion quality problem. We identify three ways of breaking this one-form symmetry to generate an axion potential: adding electrically charged matter, gauging a magnetic higher-form symmetry, and turning on an Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly. In the latter case, we identify new ways of generating an axion potential via extradimensional magnetic monopoles. We also discuss how the axion is modified if the protective electric one-form symmetry is itself gauged. Finally, we relate these effects to gravitational expectations for the quality problem via generalized weak gravity conjectures. The clarity that generalized symmetries bring to the extradimensional axion quality problem highlights their relevance to particle phenomenology.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Higgs boson decays to a fermion pair and a polarized
Z
boson at NLO accuracy
Authors: Chen Zi-Qiang , Feng Qi-Ming , Qiao Cong-Feng
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the Higgs boson decay process H→ff¯Z→ff¯μ−μ+, where f denotes any light fermions, at the next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy. The calculation is performed within the framework of single-pole approximation, in which the contributions of different polarization states of the Z boson are considered separately. Numerical results show that, by taking appropriate cut, the nonresonant background is negligible, and the NLO corrections are 1%–4% of the LO contributions. We also find that the inclusion of NLO corrections can greatly reduce the dependence on the electroweak coupling scheme, and enhance the prediction reliability. We formulate a method for the extraction of the pseudo-observable ΓH→ffZ from the ff¯μ−μ+ signal.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Poly[[bis(μ4-acetato-κ4
O:O:O′:O′)tetrakis(μ3-acetato-κ3
O:O:O′)bis(μ2-acetato-κ2
O:O′)bis(μ3-hydroxido)pentanickel(II)] 2.60-hydrate]
Authors: Pfeiffer Maximilian , Stöger Berthold , Weil Matthias
Published: January 2025

The title compound, {[Ni5(C2H3O2)8(OH)2]·2.60H2O}
n
or [Ni5(OAc)8(OH)2]·2.60H2O (OAc is the acetate anion, C2H3O2), represents a hydrated basic acetate. Its asymmetric unit comprises half of the formula unit, with one of the three unique NiII cations situated at an inversion centre. The NiII atoms are in octahedral coordination environments by O atoms of the acetato ligands and by the basic OH group. The different kinds of bridging modes (μ2, 2×μ3, and μ4 for the acetato ligands; μ3 for the OH group) lead to the formation of a framework structure with hydrophobic channels extending parallel to the main crystallographic axes. Disordered water molecules are situated in pockets close to the OH groups and are held in place by hydrogen-bonding interactions.
The rise of publics in sociopolitical issues: integrating the social identity approach into the situational theory of problem solving
Authors: Shi Duli
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Diverse organizations, including corporations, increasingly advocate for sociopolitical issues to engage their publics. These issues often revolve around the interests, identities and dynamics of specific social groups, necessitating a deeper examination of publics’ social identities. Thus, this study aims to explore how individuals’ social identities, such as group memberships and ingroup identification, drive individuals to become active publics.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from the social identity approach and the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS), an online survey of 965 participants from two racial groups was conducted to examine the impacts of social group memberships and ingroup identification on problem recognition, involvement recognition, constraint recognition, referent criterion, situational motivation and attitude toward race relations and the Black Lives Matter movement.

Findings

The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that social group membership and ingroup identification are crucial in shaping publics’ situational perceptions of sociopolitical issues. The effects of ingroup identification on situational, motivational and attitudinal perceptions significantly differed between African American and White American groups, highlighting the importance of considering group dynamics.

Originality/value

This study underscores the value of integrating the social identity approach into public relations and corporate communication research to elucidate diverse publics’ socio-psychological processes in response to sociopolitical issues. The findings equip practitioners with deeper insights into social group dynamics, allowing them to adapt their communication efforts to better engage and mobilize different publics, ultimately enhancing the impact of their advocacy efforts.
A case study of Chinese master’s students’ perceptions of supervisors’ use of evaluative language in feedback
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study intended to bridge the gap by investigating Chinese master’s students’ perceptions of their supervisors’ use of evaluative language in feedback, from both cognitive and affective perspectives, at a Sino-foreign university in mainland China.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a qualitative research design, 12 participants from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Economics and Finance were included. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

The findings show that students perceive directive and actionable evaluative language, as well as evaluative language aligned with assessment criteria as effective, facilitating improvement and self-regulated learning. However, the use of evaluative language can evoke mixed emotions, with linguistic devices and inadequate follow-up explanations reinforcing negative feelings. Additionally, power imbalances between supervisors and students influence feedback perceptions, hindering students’ active participation in feedback processes.

Originality/value

This study addresses a gap in the literature on master’s students’ perceptions of evaluative language in supervisory feedback and provides practical recommendations for both thesis supervisors and master’s students to facilitate the acceptance and application of feedback.
Dealing with complexity – the use of problem structuring methods in management science
Authors: Kogetsidis Harry
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the current level of application of problem structuring methods, a distinct domain within the wider analytical decision-support discipline of operational research (OR), in dealing with complex problem situations in organisations and societies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper has reviewed the relevant literature on problem structuring methods by analysing articles on practical applications that have been published in discipline-based journals over the past 15 years. The aim was to identify the extent to which OR practitioners use particular problem structuring methods and tools and the way that this is done in OR interventions.

Findings

The results show that the main problem structuring methods and tools have maintained their popularity and are frequently used as analytical approaches within a facilitated modelling environment. At the same time, new methods have been proposed, and these are typically integrated within multi-methodological frameworks that often include the use of more traditional OR techniques. On the other hand, even though problem structuring methods are now quite well-established in Europe and in other parts of the world, they do not seem to enjoy the same level of acceptance or recognition in the USA.

Originality/value

The paper provides an up-to-date account of the application of problem structuring methods as a means of handling increased problem complexity and highlights the contribution that this important field of work can make in dealing with the complex problems and challenges the world faces in the current turbulent environment.
Continuance intention to use mobile fitness applications: the role of switching costs, guilt and neutralization techniques
Authors: Al-Jabali Rasha Najib , Ahmad Norasnita , Chiu Weisheng
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study investigates the factors influencing the continuance intention to use Mobile Fitness Applications (MFAs), focusing on the roles of switching costs, guilt, and neutralization techniques in addressing temporary discontinuance.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 212 valid responses were collected via an online survey in Malaysia. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to understand the relationships between the constructs.

Findings

The study confirms the significant impact of the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) constructs on the continuance intention to use MFAs. It highlights how users employ neutralization techniques to mitigate guilt from temporary discontinuance. Additionally, the study reveals that switching costs moderate the relationship between cognitive satisfaction and continuance intention, as well as between guilt and continuance intention. However, the direct effect of switching costs on continuance intention is negligible.

Originality/value

This research extends continuance intention literature by integrating switching costs, guilt, and neutralization techniques into the ECM framework, providing novel insights into user behavior regarding MFA discontinuance.
Integrating social media platforms into expatriate training and development programs: an experiential learning perspective
Authors: Bilderback Stephanie , Farrell Matthew
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Social media platforms, although often vilified in popular media, carry several potential benefits for expatriate training. This study set out to discuss in some depth whether social media platforms can be employed to enhance expatriate training outcomes, such as performance, adjustment and cultural integration.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on insights from experiential learning theory, this study develops propositions and a conceptual model relating to the incorporation of social media platforms into expatriate training.

Findings

Joining insights from the expatriate training literature with experiential learning theory, this study proposes several potential avenues for social media platforms as training tools. While social media use is not likely to be efficacious in itself, this study argues that social media platforms can be leveraged to enhance expatriate language training, acculturation and professional networking. These mediating relationships enhance social media’s effects on expatriate performance and adjustment.

Originality/value

This study paves the way for future empirical works regarding the implementation of novel tools in the pursuit of expatriate excellence. This paper develops a comprehensive model illustrating how social media platforms can positively impact expatriate training outcomes.
A multi-faceted approach for leveraging AI and intellectual capital for enhanced supply chain decision-making
Authors: Alkalha Ziad , Jum'a Luay , Zighan Saad , Abualqumboz Moheeb
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of different types of intellectual capital (human, structural and relational) in the relationship between artificial intelligence-driven supply chain analytics capability (AI-SCAC) and various supply chain decision-making processes, specifically rational, bounded and tacit decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a quantitative survey strategy to collect the data. A total of 320 valid questionnaires were received from manufacturing companies. The data were analysed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) approach through SmartPLS software.

Findings

The results indicate that human and structural capital significantly mediate the relationship between AI-SCAC and rational and bounded decision-making processes. However, structural capital does not mediate the relationship between AI-SCAC and the tacit decision-making process. Moreover, relational capital does not show a significant mediating effect on all of the decision-making processes. Notably, structural capital has the strongest impact on rational and bounded decision-making, while human capital plays a critical role across all three decision-making processes, including tacit decision-making.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the differentiated impact of intellectual capital components on various decision-making processes within the context of AI-SCAC. While previous studies have broadly acknowledged the role of intellectual capital in decision-making, this research provides more understanding of how specific types of intellectual capital interact with AI to influence distinct decision-making processes. Notably, the differential impact of structural capital on rational and bounded decision-making versus tacit decision-making highlights the need for organisations to adopt a more tailored approach in leveraging their intellectual capital.
Designing an artificial intelligence-enabled large language model for financial decisions
Authors: Saxena Anshul , Rishi Bikramjit
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly reshaped financial decision-making, introducing a paradigm shift in how institutions and individuals navigate the complex finance landscape. The study evaluates the significant impact of integrating advanced AI and large language models (LLMs) in financial decision analytics.

Design/methodology/approach

The study offers FinSageNet, a novel framework designed and tested to harness the potential of LLMs in financial decisions. The framework excels in handling and analyzing large volumes of numerical and textual data through advanced data mining techniques.

Findings

FinSageNet demonstrates exceptional text summarization capabilities, outperforming models like FLAN and GPT-3.5 in Rouge score metrics. The proposed model has shown more accuracy than generic models.

Originality/value

The study emphasizes the significance of consistently updating models and adopting a comprehensive approach to integrating AI into financial decisions. This study improves our understanding of how artificial intelligence transforms financial analytics and decision-making processes.
CAV1 Exacerbates Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Senescence by Suppressing CaMKK2/AMPK‐Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Sun Liya , Xu Lujun , Duan Tongyue , Xi Yiyun , Deng Zebin , Luo Shilu , Liu Chongbin , Yang Chen , Liu Huafeng , Sun Lin
Published: January 2025

Renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) senescence and defective autophagy contribute to kidney aging, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Caveolin‐1 (CAV1), a crucial component of cell membrane caveolae, regulates autophagy and is associated with cellular senescence. However, its specific role in kidney aging is poorly understood. In this study, we generated Cav1 gene knockout mice and induced kidney aging using D‐galactose (D‐gal). The results showed that CAV1 expression increased in the renal cortex of the aging mice, which was accompanied by exacerbated renal interstitial fibrosis, elevated levels of senescence‐associated proteins γH2AX and p16INK4a, and increased β‐galactosidase activity. Moreover, autophagy and AMPK phosphorylation in PTECs were reduced. These phenotypes were partially reversed in D‐gal‐induced Cav1 knockout mice. Similar results were observed in D‐gal‐induced human proximal tubular epithelial (HK‐2) cells, but these effects were blocked when AMPK activation was inhibited. Additionally, in CaMKK2 knockdown HK‐2 cells, siCAV1 failed to promote AMPK phosphorylation, whereas this effect persisted when STK11 was knocked down. Besides, we examined the phosphorylation of CaMKK2 and found that siCAV1 increased its activity. Given that CaMKK2 activity is affected by intracellular Ca2+, we examined Ca2+ levels in HK‐2 cells and found that D‐gal treatment reduced intracellular Ca2+ concentration, but CAV1 knockdown did not alter these levels. Through GST pull‐down assays, we demonstrated a direct interaction between CAV1 and CaMKK2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CAV1 exacerbates renal tubular epithelial cell senescence by directly interacting with CaMKK2, suppressing its activity and AMPK‐mediated autophagy via a Ca2+‐independent pathway.
Characteristics of Sciatic Scoliosis in Lumbar Disc Herniation and Comparative Radiographic Outcomes After Treatment With Full‐Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy
Authors: Pluemvitayaporn Tinnakorn , Surapuchong Suttinont , Kunakornsawat Sombat , Tuntirungrojchai Suppanut , Tangcharoenwathanakul Suwit , Ratanakoosakul Warot , Tiracharnvut Kitjapat , Pruttikul Pritsanai , Piyasakulkaew Chaiwat , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth
Published: January 2025

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Background

Sciatic scoliosis is attributed to non‐structural scoliosis resulting from the irritation of spinal nerve roots. Although limited research has addressed the specific characteristics of sciatic scoliotic curve patterns, there is a lack of reported data on the pre‐ and post‐radiographic outcomes of patients with sciatic scoliosis caused by lumbar disc herniation who have undergone full‐endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (FEID).

Objectives

To analyze the distinctive pattern and compare the radiographic results in patients with sciatic scoliosis caused by lumbar disc herniation who have undergone FEID.

Methods

The medical records of patients with sciatic scoliosis caused by lumbar disc herniation who underwent FEID from 2016 to 2022 were gathered and analyzed. The study focused on the prevalence of sciatic scoliosis, the specific location of the lumbar disc herniation, the level of the curve in sciatic scoliosis, and the comparison of pre‐ and post‐operative changes in radiographic outcomes.

Results

A total of 178 patients were analyzed, revealing a prevalence of sciatic scoliosis at 33.7% (60 out of 178). The predominant anatomical location of lumbar disc herniation in cases of sciatic scoliosis was found to be the L4‐L5 level, accounting for 56.67% (34 out of 60). The observed lumbosacral curve exhibited a typical pattern with a mean Cobb angle of 14° (range: 2.5–35, standard deviation = 7.46). The mean C7PL‐CSVL distance was also measured at 36.2 mm (range: 1–170, standard deviation = 32.5). The mean lumbar lordosis was 21° (range: −1.8–50, standard deviation = 12.96), while the mean Sagittal vertical axis was recorded at 40.9 mm (range: −85–160, standard deviation = 47.8). Notably, no statistically significant difference was observed in the anatomical location of lumbar disc herniation and the apical curve level of sciatic scoliosis. Furthermore, 68% of cases of sciatic scoliosis demonstrated improvement within 12 months, with the average time to improvement being 4 months following FEID.

Conclusion

The FEID procedure has the potential to lead to the natural resolution of sciatic scoliosis within a year. These findings suggest that sciatic scoliosis may not be a reliable indicator for determining the specific anatomical location of disc herniation.
Identification of Novel SCMC Gene Variants Associated With Early Embryonic Arrest
Authors: Zhang Changlong , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Honghui , Su Wei , Wang Yang , Cui Ying , Yang Bohan , Wang Yikun , Zhao Han
Published: January 2025

The subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is crucial for the oocyte‐to‐embryo transition, and genetic variants in SCMC genes have been associated with early embryonic arrest (EEA). In this study, we performed whole‐exome sequencing on 303 independent females with EEA and identified 16 patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in SCMC genes (NLRP2, NLRP5, PADI6, and TLE6), accounting for 5.3% of EEA cases. NLRP5 had the highest prevalence, with 7 out of 16 cases (43.8%). A total of 23 novel variants were identified, including 13 missense, eight loss‐of‐function, one in‐frame insertion, and one large 6.9 kb deletion. Functional predictions using mCSM indicated that nine missense variants destabilize SCMC structure. Additionally, RT‐PCR and cDNA sequencing demonstrated that the synonymous variant in TLE6 (c.180G>A) impacts splicing and induces nonsense‐mediated decay. Taken together, our findings revealed that novel biallelic variants in SCMC genes were associated with human EEA, which expands the spectrum of genetic causes and facilitates the genetic diagnosis of female infertility with EEA.
Long‐term outcomes of ‘temporary’ defunctioning in patients with severe perianal Crohn's disease
Authors: Becker M. A. J. , Pronk A. J. M. , Gecse K. , Hompes R. , Bemelman W. A. , Buskens C. J.
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study aimed to analyse long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing temporary faecal diversion for therapy‐refractory Crohn's perianal fistulas.

Methods

In this retrospective study, Crohn's patients who underwent defunctioning for perianal disease between 2012 and 2022 were included. The primary endpoints were successful ostomy reversal and proctectomy/proctocolectomy rates. Secondary endpoints were clinical fistula closure, development of proximal colonic disease recurrence, and the influence of medication, patient and disease characteristics on ostomy reversal.

Results

In total, 53 patients were included, 35 colostomies and 18 ileostomies. Previous L2 disease was more frequently seen in the ileostomy group (colostomy 29%, ileostomy 83%; P = 0.004). Clinical closure of the fistula was seen in 26%. 21% (11/53 patients) underwent an attempt at ostomy reversal during a median overall follow‐up of 90.1 months (interquartile range 17.5–82.5) of which nine ostomies (colostomy 23%, ileostomy 6%; P = 0.244) were closed successfully. In 35%, a proctectomy/proctocolectomy was required to control ongoing perianal sepsis. Factors associated with ostomy reversal were fistula closure (P < 0.001) and L1/L3 disease (P = 0.043). In patients with ostomy reversal attempt (n = 11), successful reversal was associated with colostomy (P = 0.055) and use of anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) (P = 0.055) despite being previously classified as anti‐TNF refractory.

Conclusion

Ostomy reversal rates are low, so defunctioning ostomies should be carefully considered because in most patients the ostomy will be permanent. In one‐third of the patients, a proctectomy/proctocolectomy is required to treat ongoing perianal sepsis. If a patient is eligible for ostomy reversal, reversal should preferably be done under anti‐TNF to optimize chances of success.