bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dual-functional nanoplatform based on NIR and green dual-emissive persistent luminescence nanoparticles for X-ray excited persistent luminescence imaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Jiang Huimin , Wang Ruoping , Zhang Qian , Song Liang , Sun Xia , Shi Junpeng , Zhang Yun
Published: September 2022

X-ray-excited PLNPs with dual emission for in vivo X-rays repeatedly activated PerL imaging and tumor PDT are reported.
Electromagnetic absorption enhancing mechanisms by modified biochar derived from Enteromorpha prolifera: a combined experimental and simulation study
Authors: Hao Zhiwang , Liu Jimei , He Xinliang , Meng Yubo , Wang Xiaobin , Liu Dong , Yang Naitao , Hou Wenjie , Bian Chao
Published: September 2022

We proposed a facile strategy of extracting biochar from Enteromorpha prolifera, which provides a suitable surface and multiple polarizations, and thereby contributes to the target optimized impedance matching degree and strong energy dissipation.
Morphology-controlled self-assembled nanostructures of complementary metalloporphyrin triads obtained through tuning their intermolecular coordination and their photocatalytic degradation of Orange II dye
Authors: Shee Nirmal Kumar , Kim Hee-Joon
Published: September 2022

Tuning the intermolecular metal–ligand coordination mode in a series of (Zn–Sn–Zn) porphyrin triads resulted in the formation of specific nanostructured photocatalysts for the visible light photodegradation of Orange II dye.
In situ ball-milling gram-scale preparation of polyoxoniobate-intercalated MgAl-layered double hydroxides for selective aldol and Michael addition cascade reactions
Authors: Zheng Jun , Fan Shuhua , Liu Sen , Shen Guodong , Si Wei-Dan , Dong Xinyi , Huang Xianqiang , Zhang Yalin , Yao Qingxia , Li Zhen , Sun Di
Published: September 2022

A facile one-step ball-milling strategy to prepare gram-scale Mg3Al-LDH-Nb6 has been demonstrated and the thus-obtained catalyst exhibited efficient selective catalytic activities in the synthesis of biologically active organic molecules in water.
Stable N-heterocyclic borylenes with promising ligand properties: a contribution from theory
Authors: Ghosh Bijoy , Cabrera-Trujillo Jorge Juan , Fernández Israel , Phukan Ashwini K.
Published: September 2022

DFT calculations reveal the power of ylides in stabilizing neutral singlet cyclic borylenes that are found to be capable of activating a variety of small molecules having enthalpically strong bonds.
Single atom Fe-based catalyst derived from hierarchical (Fe,N)-ZIF-8/CNFs for high-efficient ORR activity
Authors: Miao Wenfang , Huang Feirong , Shen Xiaochen , Li Shaopeng , Cao Xingru , Zhang Xuefeng , Yu Jieyi , Dong Xinglong
Published: September 2022

(i) The three-dimensional conductive network of CNFs improves intrinsic activity. (ii) Fe–Phen complex encapsulated in ZIF-8 provides atomically dispersed FeNx sites. (iii) Hierarchical Fe–Nx–CNFs presents excellent ORR performance.
Unveiling the non-polar [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of cyclic nitrones with strained alkylidene cyclopropanes within a molecular electron density theory study
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Chulan Rishikesh , Mahmoud M. H. H. , Ibrahim Mohamed M. , El-Bahy Salah M. , Rhyman Lydia , Ramasami Ponnadurai
Published: September 2022

The role of cyclopropane substitution on the ethylene inzw-type[3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of cyclic nitrones has been studied within Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at theωB97X-D/6-311G(d,p) computational level.
Differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry as analytical tools for epinephrine detection using a tyrosinase-based electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Baluta Sylwia , Meloni Francesca , Halicka Kinga , Szyszka Adam , Zucca Antonio , Pilo Maria Itria , Cabaj Joanna
Published: September 2022

GCE/poly-4,4′-bBT/tyrosinase biosensor for epinephrine was constructed. Comparison of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry was performed. DPV showed more reproducible results giving high selectivity, sensitivity, stability.
Fabrication of binary g-C3N4/UU-200 composites with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance toward organic pollutant eliminations
Authors: Nguyen Trinh Duy , Nguyen Vinh Huu , Le Hoang Pham Ai , Van Nguyen Tuyen , Lee Taeyoon
Published: September 2022

The binary g-C3N4/UU–200 heterojunction photocatalysts displaying superior photocatalytic activity for organic pollutant elimination under white LED light irradiation were fabricated via an in situ solvothermal method.
On the formation of 2- and 3-cyanofurans and their protonated forms in interstellar medium conditions: quantum chemical evidence
Authors: Simbizi René , Nduwimana Désiré , Niyoncuti Joël , Cishahayo Prosper , Gahungu Godefroid
Published: September 2022

The literature is still poor in theoretical and experimental, including both spectroscopic and thermodynamic, data for protonated furan and protonated 2-cyanofuran and 3-cyanofuran (FH+, 2CFH+ and 3CFH+).
Considerations on validity for studies using quantitative data in chemistry education research and practice
Authors: Lewis Scott E.
Published: September 2022

An explicit account of validity considerations within a published paper allows readers to evaluate the evidence that supports the interpretation and use of the data collected within a project. This editorial is meant to provide considerations on how validity has been presented and reviewed among papers submitted to Chemistry Education Research and Practice (CERP) that analyze quantitative data. Authors submitting to CERP are encouraged to make an explicit case for validity and this editorial describes the varying sources of evidence that can be used to organize the evidence presented for validity.
Effect of carbon nanotube-based catalyst layer surface roughness on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance
Authors: Phua Yin Kan , Dhammika Weerathunga Don Terrence , Wu Dan , Kim Chaerin , Jayawickrama Samindi Madhubha , Tanaka Naoki , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko
Published: September 2022

One of the advantages of CNT-based fuel cell catalysts is the formation of free-standing sheets based on filtration. The sheets have a smoother side depending on the filtration direction, which result in the higher performance in the cell.
Stellar population in the vicinity of the H ii region G331.03-00.15
Authors: Cárdenas S. B. , Blanco A. B. , Gamen R. , Cichowolski S.
Published: September 2022

We present a multi-wavelength study of the H ii region G331.03-00.15, with the aim of identifying the population of massive stars associated with it. The distributions of ionised gas and heated dust both exhibit similar spherical forms, while the bordering photo-dissociating region follows a very ring-like distribution, indicating the presence of abundant neighbouring molecular material being photo-dissociated. There is only one high-mass star catalogued in the region, namely, the WR star 1051-67L. Based on an energy analysis of the detected radio continuum emission, we deduced that additional high-mass stars could be interacting with G331.03-00.15. We conducted a search of massive star candidates by applying a series of colour criteria to a sample of highly reddened infrared (IR) point sources projected over the radio continuum morphology, with the additional condition that they be located at the same distance assumed for the region. Fourteen candidate sources were selected and classified using low-resolution, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic data in the H and K bands, obtained with Gemini/FLAMINGOS-2. We identified one massive star and classified it as an O7 V star. Adding the contribution from this new star to the total ionising radiation available, we concluded that it would be possible for the H ii region to be powered solely by these two massive stars. However, we do not rule out the possibility that there could be more early-type stars that remain undetected in this highly obscured part of the Galaxy. Additionally, we searched for primary tracers of star-forming activity and identified several class I and II candidate young stellar objects (YSOs), positioned over the dense clouds and clumps of molecular material found in the area. The presence of several maser species located in the densest cloud are also indicative of massive star formation taking place in the vicinity of G331.03-00.15.
Validation using the in vivo experiment of the 3D model of the human ear using the equivalent mechanical impedance of the Mass-Spring-Damper System
Authors: Assif Safaa , Faiz Adil , Aziz Chahbi , Komgue L.B Penpen , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: September 2022

The ear can be defined as the organ responsible for auditory perception. Its role among others is to amplify, transmit and convert an acoustic wave, presents in the environment, into an electrical pulse that can be interpreted by the brain via the auditory nerve. The conductive hearing loss is a major public health problem; it is related to a malfunction of the outer or middle ear leading to an interruption of the propagation of the sound wave within the hearing organ. Conductive deafness is caused by impulse noise which is present in a large number of professional sectors; many professions and/or sectors of activity are therefore concerned. There are two primary aims of this study: (1) to realize a 3D model of the human ear in order to characterize the impulse noise and evaluate its auditory risks in professional environments so as to identify the means of protecting the ear; (2) to carry out a comparison between the results obtained numerically using our 3D model and those obtained from experimental tests. The 3D model of the human ear was realized using the COMSOL multiphysics software. The structure–acoustic interaction between the auditory canal, which will be considered as the propagation field of the acoustic wave, and the structures of the ear (eardrum, skin, bone, cartilage) have been solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM). For the modeling, the ossicles, the cochlea and the middle ear were replaced by a Mass-Spring-Damper System (MSDS). The results obtained from the 3D modeling show that the maximum displacements of the eardrum are in the frequency range of [1700, 2600] Hz. A peak on the sound pressure gain results around 3000 Hz was observed. The change in the damping coefficient d has a strong influence on the displacement of the eardrum. A grow of the acoustic pressure honest the eardrum compared to that recorded at the entrance of the auditory canal is noted. These results were validated by the results of experiments carried out in vivo.
Congélation artificielle des terrains : de la modélisation à l’application
Authors: Tounsi Hafssa , Rouabhi Ahmed
Published: September 2022

La congélation artificielle des terrains est utilisée depuis des décennies comme technique de stabilisation et d’imperméabilisation temporaires des terrains pour résoudre des problèmes de génie civil ou minier à moindres coûts. Toutefois, elle peut engendrer, tout comme le gel naturel, des déplacements en surface ou au niveau des ouvrages souterrains adjacents, dont l’amplitude dépend, entre autres, des conditions géologiques et hydrogéologiques. Ainsi, pour évaluer les risques liés à l’utilisation de la congélation artificielle, nous proposons dans cet article un modèle thermo-hydro-mécanique et chimique (THMC) couplé, permettant de prédire l’étendue de la zone congelée et la stabilité des terrains. Ce modèle s’inscrit dans le cadre de la mécanique des milieux poreux et utilise des hypothèses simplificatrices afin d’aboutir à un formalisme facilement utilisable en pratique pour réaliser des simulations de longues durées à l’échelle de la mine. Le modèle a été appliqué au cas de la mine de Cigar Lake (Canada), à travers des simulations thermo-hydro-mécaniques couplées, qui ont permis de prédire proprement l’évolution de la congélation dans le massif et les tassements observés autour des tunnels de production excavés en dessous du massif congelé.
Zur längst überfälligen Diskussion über Begriffe der Sexualpädagogik
Authors: Voß Heinz-Jürgen
Published: September 2022

Angeschlossen an die Diskussion um Begriffe der Sexualerziehung und Sexuellen Bildung votiert der vorliegende Beitrag dafür, klar definierte Begrifflichkeiten zu verwenden und den wissenschaftlichen Wert der Differenzierung zu sehen. Es werden Definitionen vorgeschlagen, die zu einer Klärung der Diskussion beitragen können.
Klinische Angebote zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch im zweiten und dritten Trimenon – eine explorative Erhebung zur aktuellen Versorgungslage
Authors: Böhm Maika , Nitzsche Romy , Walsch Johanna
Published: September 2022

In Deutschland kann – bei schwerwiegender Gefahr für das Leben oder die Gesundheit einer Schwangeren – nach einer medizinischen Indikation durch eine*n Ärzt*in eine Schwangerschaft auch im zweiten oder dritten Trimenon abgebrochen werden. Ein solcher Abbruch geht meist mit einem schwierigen emotionalen Entscheidungsprozess einher. Jedoch ist diese Entscheidung nicht die einzige Herausforderung, der sich Schwangere bei einem Abbruch nach der 14. Schwangerschaftswoche p. m. stellen müssen. Bereits eine Einrichtung zu finden, in der eine medizinische Indikation ausgestellt bzw. der sogenannte „späte“ Abbruch durchgeführt wird, kann unter anderem aufgrund nur schwer zugänglicher Informationen für Betroffene herausfordernd sein. Im Rahmen einer explorativen Studie
1
wurden Daten zur medizinischen Versorgung bei Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen im zweiten und dritten Trimenon erhoben, basierend auf Expert*inneninterviews und einer Online-Befragung von medizinischen Einrichtungen. Die Studie weist auf vorhandene Hürden im Zugang zu medizinischen Indikationen sowie unterschiedliche Bewertungen medizinischer Diagnosen für das Ausstellen einer Indikation hin. Zudem wird deutlich, dass die Verfahrensweisen der Kliniken zur Umsetzung des Abbruchs unterschiedlich und für Betroffene wenig transparent sind. Für eine gute Versorgung bei Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen sind eine multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und Transparenz über vorhandene Angebote wie auch Verfahrensweisen unentbehrlich.
Serial murder in medical clinics and care homes
Authors: Beine Karl H.
Published: September 2022

Background Serial murder in clinics and care homes have gained attention more than once in recent years. The strong yet quickly fading public outrage has not yet led to well-founded professional and health-political engagement with the topic. With few systematic studies conducted, knowledge about perpetrator-related and environment-related risk factors in the day-to-day context of healthcare is sparse.

Methods Court cases of serial murder in clinics and care homes in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland that were concluded with a final verdict by February 2022 were investigated. Research materials consisted of court documents and observations made during the trials. The cases were evaluated with regard to the victims, crime scenes, methods of killing, perpetrators, and perpetrator motives. 12 serial murders involving 17 perpetrators were included in this study.

Results Perpetrator-specific early warning signs included a pronounced insecurity in combination with a striving for prestige and power, which were accompanied by a loss of empathy. Reactions of the colleagues and supervisors of the perpetrators in the immediate professional environment included misjudgement, concern about one’s own disadvantages, feared damage to the reputation of the institution, and insufficient willingness to clarify the situation. As a result, many initial murders went unsuspected and unreported so that the frequency of the criminal activity and the number of victims increased over time.

Conclusion More information about serial murder in clinics and care homes is necessary. Research efforts are needed to better assess the prevalence of such crimes and to develop appropriate preventive measures. Circumstances that enable such acts, risk factors, perpetrator profiles, and early-stage countermeasures must be comprehensively addressed in the context of education, training and further education.
First report about a cerebrospinal nematode infection in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Mathias Michaely L. , Hoeltig Doris , Ganter Martin , Rentería-Solís Zaida , Bauer Christian , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Wohlsein Peter
Published: September 2022

The number of New World camelids in European farms is rising and thus, the need for veterinary care towards these animals arises. However, veterinary care requires sophisticated knowledge on disease and pathogen occurrence within New World camelids. Here, an alpaca cria with neurological signs was admitted to the veterinary clinic. Although the animal was treated with antibiotics, vitamins and dexamethason, it refused to drink milk and the clinical status worsened. After euthanasia, necropsy and histopathological examination were carried out and revealed intracerebral nematode larvae. The morphology of these larvae strongly suggests them to be Baylisascaris procyonis, a parasite of raccoons. The extended history revealed that a fully grown raccoon was living within farm enclosures, suggesting an infection of the alpaca and the development of a cerebrospinal larva migrans. This zoonotic disease is characterized by aberrant larval migration that typically shows extraintestinal migration in dead-end hosts. The aim of this report is to sensitize practical colleagues towards this rare, but occasionally fatal infection in New World camelids while familiarizing diagnostic pathologists with the morphological characteristics of this disease.
Intradiploic Epidermoid Cyst of the Posterior Fossa – Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Januário Gonçalo , Cunha Bruno , Cellini Ludovica , Novais Gonçalo
Published: September 2022

Intracranial epidermoid cysts represent ∼ 0.2 to 1.8% of all intracranial tumors. These tumors are most frequently encountered in the cerebellar pontine angle or in the parasellar region. Rarely, they arise from the cranial diploe, being able to affect every flat bone of the cranium.

We report a case of a 63-year-old male who presented with progressively worsening headache and vertigo with 6 months of evolution. Neuroimaging identified a probable occipital intradiploic epidermoid cyst with mass effect on the cerebellar hemispheres. This lesion was approached using a suboccipital craniotomy, followed by total resection of the tumor and cranioplasty with titanium plate placement. The histological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of intraosseous epidermoid cyst. The patient had a successful recovery, without complications or neurologic dysfunction.

Being benign lesions, commonly remaining asymptomatic and rarely presenting as a bony lump in the skull bone, it could be straightforward to assume a conservative management with planned follow-up. On the other side, a more aggressive strategy with surgical excision has been advocated, especially in lesions that tend to enlarge and erode the cranial bone with possible consequent epidural extension and mass effect symptoms. A preoperative diagnosis is extremely helpful in proper surgical planning. Diffusion weighted imaging facilitates a straightforward diagnosis.

As was observed in our case, the largest reviews on intradiploic epidermoids available in the literature mostly demonstrated a benign clinical course. However, malignant transformation can occur. Some patients develop permanent neurologic deficits from mass effect or tumor infiltration. However, surgical approach of the tumor is curative in most cases. Nonetheless, from our experience, it is important to maintain clinical and imaging follow-up with regular monitoring to prevent possible tumor recurrences.
A university-wide survey of caregiving students in the US: Individual differences and associations with emotional and academic adjustment
Authors: Armstrong-Carter Emma , Panter A. T. , Hutson Bryant , Olson Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2022

The United States (US) does not formally count, recognize, or support students in higher education who are caregivers, unlike England and Australia. This mixed-methods study presents results from a new survey of caregiving undergraduate and graduate students at a large university in the US. Students (N = 7592; 62.7% White, 69.9% women) reported their caregiving responsibilities, depression, and anxiety, which were linked to administrative records of financial aid, part-time status, and academic grades (GPA). A small but noteworthy portion of students identified as caregivers (5.6%, N = 427), either for someone who was chronically ill or elderly (3.2%; N = 239) or for a minor under age 18 (2.9%; N = 227). Caregiving students were disproportionately women, graduate students, enrolled part-time, and receiving financial aid. Further, caregivers for the chronically ill or elderly (but not for a minor) faced heightened emotional and academic risk. Specifically, caregiving for 3–5 days per week was associated with lower GPA, and caregiving more hours per day was linked to greater anxiety and depressive symptoms. US universities should identify the needs of caregiving students and design policies to mitigate emotional and academic risk.
A general method for rapid synthesis of refractory carbides by low-pressure carbothermal shock reduction
Authors: Han Ye-Chuang , Liu Meng-Li , Sun Li , Li Shuxing , Li Gen , Song Wei-Shen , Wang Yan-Jie , Nan Zi-Ang , Ding Song-Yuan , Liao Hong-Gang , Yao Yonggang , Stucky Galen D. , Fan Feng Ru , Tian Zhong-Qun
Published: September 2022

Refractory carbides are attractive candidates for support materials in heterogeneous catalysis because of their high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. However, the industrial applications of refractory carbides, especially silicon carbide (SiC), are greatly hampered by their low surface area and harsh synthetic conditions, typically have a very limited surface area (<200 m
2
g
−1
), and are prepared in a high-temperature environment (>1,400 °C) that lasts for several or even tens of hours. Based on Le Chatelier’s principle, we theoretically proposed and experimentally verified that a low-pressure carbothermal reduction (CR) strategy was capable of synthesizing high–surface area SiC (569.9 m
2
g
−1
) at a lower temperature and a faster rate (∼1,300 °C, 50 Pa, 30 s). Such high–surface area SiC possesses excellent thermal stability and antioxidant capacity since it maintained stability under a water-saturated airflow at 650 °C for 100 h. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of our strategy for scale-up production of high–surface area SiC (460.6 m
2
g
−1
), with a yield larger than 12 g in one experiment, by virtue of an industrial viable vacuum sintering furnace. Importantly, our strategy is  also applicable to the rapid synthesis of refractory metal carbides (NbC, Mo
2
C, TaC, WC) and even their emerging high-entropy carbides (VNbMoTaWC
5
, TiVNbTaWC
5
). Therefore, our low-pressure CR method provides an alternative strategy, not merely limited to temperature and time items, to regulate the synthesis and facilitate the upcoming industrial applications of carbide-based advanced functional materials.
Heterozygous LRP1 deficiency causes developmental dysplasia of the hip by impairing triradiate chondrocytes differentiation due to inhibition of autophagy
Authors: Yan Wenjin , Zheng Liming , Xu Xingquan , Hao Zheng , Zhang Yibo , Lu Jun , Sun Ziying , Dai Jin , Shi Dongquan , Guo Baosheng , Jiang Qing
Published: September 2022

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common congenital skeletal malformations; however, its etiology remains unclear. Here, we conducted whole-exome sequencing in eight DDH families followed by targeted sequencing of 68 sporadic DDH patients. We identified likely pathogenic variants in the
LRP1
(low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) gene in two families and seven unrelated patients. All patients harboring the
LRP1
variants presented a typical DDH phenotype. The heterozygous
Lrp1
knockout (KO) mouse (
Lrp1
+/−
) showed phenotypes recapitulating the human DDH phenotypes, indicating
Lrp1
loss of function causes DDH.
Lrp1
knockin mice with a missense variant corresponding to a human variant identified in DDH (

Lrp1
R1783W

) also presented DDH phenotypes, which were milder in heterozygotes and severer in homozygotes than those of the
Lrp1
KO mouse. The timing of triradiate cartilage development was brought forward 1 or 2 wk earlier in the LRP-deficient mice, which leads to malformation of the acetabulum and femoral head. Furthermore,
Lrp1
deficiency caused a significant decrease of chondrogenic ability in vitro. During the chondrogenic induction of mice bone marrow stem cells and ATDC5 (an inducible chondrogenic cell line), Lrp1 deficiency caused decreased autophagy levels with significant β-catenin up-regulation and suppression of chondrocyte marker genes. The expression of chondrocyte markers was rescued by PNU-74654 (a β-catenin antagonist) in an shRNA-Lrp1–expressed ATDC5 cell. Our study reveals a critical role of LRP1 in the etiology and pathogenesis of DDH, opening an avenue for its treatment.
Gull dynamic pitch stability is controlled by wing morphing
Authors: Harvey Christina , Inman Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

Birds perform astounding aerial maneuvers by actuating their shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints to morph their wing shape. This maneuverability is desirable for similar-sized uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) and can be analyzed through the lens of dynamic flight stability. Quantifying avian dynamic stability is challenging as it is dictated by aerodynamics and inertia, which must both account for birds’ complex and variable morphology. To date, avian dynamic stability across flight conditions remains largely unknown. Here, we fill this gap by quantifying how a gull can use wing morphing to adjust its longitudinal dynamic response. We found that it was necessary to adjust the shoulder angle to achieve trimmed flight and that most trimmed configurations were longitudinally stable except for configurations with high wrist angles. Our results showed that as flight speed increases, the gull could fold or sweep its wings backward to trim. Further, a trimmed gull can use its wing joints to control the frequencies and damping ratios of the longitudinal oscillatory modes. We found a more damped phugoid mode than similar-sized UAVs, possibly reducing speed sensitivity to perturbations, such as gusts. Although most configurations had controllable short-period flying qualities, the heavily damped phugoid mode indicates a sluggish response to control inputs, which may be overcome while maneuvering by morphing into an unstable flight configuration. Our study shows that gulls use their shoulder, wrist, and elbow joints to negotiate trade-offs in stability and control and points the way forward for designing UAVs with avian-like maneuverability.
Rapid timescale for an oxic transition during the Great Oxidation Event and the instability of low atmospheric O
2
Authors: Wogan Nicholas F. , Catling David C. , Zahnle Kevin J. , Claire Mark W.
Published: September 2022

The Great Oxidation Event (GOE), arguably the most important event to occur on Earth since the origin of life, marks the time when an oxygen-rich atmosphere first appeared. However, it is not known whether the change was abrupt and permanent or fitful and drawn out over tens or hundreds of millions of years. Here, we developed a one-dimensional time-dependent photochemical model to resolve time-dependent behavior of the chemically unstable transitional atmosphere as it responded to changes in biogenic forcing. When forced with step-wise changes in biogenic fluxes, transitions between anoxic and oxic atmospheres take between only 10
2
and 10
5
y. Results also suggest that O
2
between

~

10

−
8

and

~

10

−
4

mixing ratio is unstable to plausible atmospheric perturbations. For example, when atmospheres with these O
2
concentrations experience fractional variations in the surface CH
4
flux comparable to those caused by modern Milankovich cycling, oxygen fluctuates between anoxic (

~

10

−
8

) and oxic (

~

10

−
4

) mixing ratios. Overall, our simulations are consistent with possible geologic evidence of unstable atmospheric O
2
, after initial oxygenation, which could occasionally collapse from changes in biospheric or volcanic fluxes. Additionally, modeling favors mid-Proterozoic O
2
exceeding

10

−
4

to

10

−
3

mixing ratio; otherwise, O
2
would periodically fall below

10

−
7

mixing ratio, which would be inconsistent with post-GOE absence of sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation.
Topological crossing in the misfolded
Tetrahymena
ribozyme resolved by cryo-EM
Authors: Li Shanshan , Palo Michael Z. , Pintilie Grigore , Zhang Xiaojing , Su Zhaoming , Kappel Kalli , Chiu Wah , Zhang Kaiming , Das Rhiju
Published: September 2022

The
Tetrahymena
group I intron has been a key system in the understanding of RNA folding and misfolding. The molecule folds into a long-lived misfolded intermediate (M)
in vitro
, which has been known to form extensive native-like secondary and tertiary structures but is separated by an unknown kinetic barrier from the native state (N). Here, we used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to resolve misfolded structures of the
Tetrahymena
L-21 ScaI ribozyme. Maps of three M substates (M1, M2, M3) and one N state were achieved from a single specimen with overall resolutions of 3.5 Å, 3.8 Å, 4.0 Å, and 3.0 Å, respectively. Comparisons of the structures reveal that all the M substates are highly similar to N, except for rotation of a core helix P7 that harbors the ribozyme’s guanosine binding site and the crossing of the strands J7/3 and J8/7 that connect P7 to the other elements in the ribozyme core. This topological difference between the M substates and N state explains the failure of 5′-splice site substrate docking in M, supports a topological isomer model for the slow refolding of M to N due to a trapped strand crossing, and suggests pathways for M-to-N refolding.
Aging, generational shifts, and energy consumption in urban China
Authors: Han Xiao , Wei Chu , Cao Gui-Ying
Published: September 2022

China is recognized as the largest energy consumer and is also the country with the largest and fastest-aging population. Ongoing demographic changes may reshape China’s household-based energy consumption patterns because of the large gap in consumption behavior between the elderly and the young as well as varying attitudes toward the environment among generations. However, when the impact of China’s aging population on energy consumption is projected, the heterogeneous cognitive norms of generations in the process of demographic transition are not well understood. In this study, we assessed the future impact of China’s demographic transition on energy consumption using a proposed theoretical framework to distinguish between age and generational effects. Specifically, we used age–period–cohort (APC) detrended analysis to estimate age and generational effects based on China’s urban household survey data from 1992 to 2015. The results indicated large differences in energy use propensity across ages and generations. The elderly and younger generations tended to be energy-intensive consumers, resulting in higher energy consumption in this aging society. Our results consequently show that future changes in China’s elderly population will result in a substantial increase in energy consumption. By 2050, the changing consumption share of the elderly population will account for ∼17 to 26% of total energy consumption in the residential sector, which is close to 115 million tons of standard coal (Mtce). These findings highlight the need to interlace environmental education policies and demographic transitions to promote energy conservation behavior in children and youth for low-carbon, sustainable development.
I hear you, I see you, I know who you are
Authors: Beaulieu Suzie , Reinke Kristin , Šebková Adéla , French Leif Michael
Published: September 2022

The present study investigated the attitudes of long-time residents of Quebec City towards French Lx economic
immigrants settling into their community. We evaluated the speech of four linguistic groups (English, Spanish, Mandarin and Farsi)
using the verbal-guise methodology. Listeners were presented with 10 audio-only stimuli (1 male and 1 female speakers from each
group and 2 distractors) and 10 combined audio-visual stimuli (1 male and 1 female Quebec French speakers associated with
photographs from our target language groups). After hearing each excerpt, listeners rated the speakers on their perceived
characteristics. Results showed that the combined stimuli were evaluated more favorably than the audio-only stimuli. We also found
that female voices were significantly better evaluated than those of men. Last, listeners showed preferences towards Spanish and
Farsi groups over English and Mandarin, and specifically towards female voices. The evaluations thus seem to reflect past and
present stereotypes circulating in the community.
Proficiency in a second language influences processing of print-to-sound mappings
Authors: Botezatu Mona Roxana , Misra Maya , Kroll Judith F.
Published: September 2022

A hallmark of word naming in deep orthographies, effects of spelling-sound regularity and consistency are
considered to reach stability in adulthood. We investigated whether these effects were modulated by second language (L2)
proficiency in native English and native Spanish speakers. Participants named English, Spanish and language-ambiguous words, but
only the English words were used in the analysis. Participants in each group named English words with irregular-inconsistent
mappings (e.g., PINT) more slowly and less accurately than words with regular-consistent mappings (e.g., GATE). Higher English
proficiency reduced the magnitude of the regularity-consistency effect in both groups. Critically, native English speakers
revealed a U-shaped relationship between L2-Spanish proficiency and the regularity-consistency effect on naming latencies. The
current findings add to a growing body of literature that considers the boundaries within which L2 proficiency can influence
native language (L1) performance. Results suggest that L2 proficiency may destabilize a fundamental aspect of L1 literacy, the
computation of phonology from text, which is known as a highly stable psycholinguistic effect. This suggests that the language
system is dynamic, remaining plastic in early adulthood.
Role of pressure on electronic, magnetic and structural properties at iron’s Curie temperature: a DFT + DMFT study
Authors: Gendron F , Cliche N , Amadon B
Published: September 2022

We use the combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory to compute the Curie temperature of the iron body-centered cubic α phase and probe its pressure dependence. Our calculations reveal that

T

C

shows a decrease which is very weak over a domain of pressures that is much larger than the stability domain of the α phase. This is consistent with the experimental results. We highlight the importance of the Hund’s coupling J not only on the electronic and magnetic properties but also on the structural properties. Lastly, we analyze the electronic and magnetic properties under pressure and discuss the evolution of magnetic moments in both phases in relation to the change of Curie temperature.
Current and future constraints on cosmology and modified gravitational wave friction from binary black holes
Authors: Leyde K. , Mastrogiovanni S. , Steer D.A. , Chassande-Mottin E. , Karathanasis C.
Published: September 2022

Gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens are well-established probes with which one can measure cosmological parameters, and are complementary to other probes like the cosmic microwave background (CMB) or supernovae standard candles. Here we focus on dark GW sirens, specifically binary black holes (BBHs) for which there is only GW data. Our approach relies on the assumption of a source frame mass model for the BBH distribution, and we consider four models that are representative of the BBH population observed so far. In addition to inferring cosmological and mass model parameters, we use dark sirens to test modified gravity theories. These theories often predict different GW propagation equations on cosmological scales, leading to a different GW luminosity distance which in some cases can be parametrized by variables Ξ0 and n. General relativity (GR) corresponds to Ξ0 = 1. We perform a joint estimate of the population parameters governing mass, redshift, the variables characterizing the cosmology, and the modified GW luminosity distance. We use data from the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observation run (O3) and find — for the four mass models and for three signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) cuts of 10, 11, 12 — that GR is consistently the preferred model to describe all observed BBH GW signals to date. Furthermore, all modified gravity parameters have posteriors that are compatible with the values predicted by GR at the 90% confidence interval (CI). We then focus on future observation runs O4 and O5, and for simplicity consider one specific mass model. We show that there are strong correlations between cosmological, astrophysical and modified gravity parameters. If GR is the correct theory of gravity, and assuming narrow priors on the cosmological parameters, we forecast an uncertainty of the modified gravity parameter Ξ0 of 51% with ∼ 90 detections at O4-like sensitivities, and Ξ0 of 20% with an additional ∼ 400 detections at O5-like sensitivity. We also consider how these forecasts depend on the current uncertainties of BBHs population distributions.
Preheating in Palatini Higgs inflation on the lattice
Authors: Dux F. , Florio A. , Klarić J. , Shkerin A. , Timiryasov I.
Published: September 2022

We study preheating following Higgs inflation in the Palatini formulation of gravity. We
numerically evolve perturbations of the radial mode of the Higgs field and that of three scalars
modeling the gauge bosons. We compare the two non-perturbative mechanisms of growth of
excitations — parametric resonance and tachyonic instability — and confirm that the latter plays
the dominant role. Our results provide further evidence that preheating in Palatini Higgs
inflation happens within a single oscillation of the Higgs field about the bottom of its
potential, consistent with the approximation of an instantaneous preheating.
Preparation of soap using a steam extraction process from leaves of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum basilicum, Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis Flowers, Acalypha indica, and Aloe barbadensis Leaflets
Authors: Indirani C , Meenambika K , Indhumathy D , Kavinkumar V S
Published: September 2022

Soaps are used widely by humans in many aspects. Exclusively, the emergence of the SARS-Cov-2 virus made people wash their hands frequently to disinfect the virus to prevent virus infection. Soaps made of herbals possess constituents that goodness the skin as well to rejuvenate the mind and body factors. Dried leaves of Basil, Neem and Acalypha Indica, Aloe vera, and Hibiscus flower are used here to prepare homemade soap. The steam distillation process is an imperative process by which the oils are used from raw materials like dried leaves for the preparation of soaps. Extracts obtained from the herbal plants are used as additives in the preparation of soap that would be added besides the lye and other constituents. Lye preferred here is Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and the cast shapes utilized here in determining the soap shape are Elliptic and Rectangle. pH value, the total fatty matter is determined using respective methodologies, and the materials used in the preparation of soap are estimated using the accessible software called SoapCalc Recipe Calculator. Soaps made using the mentioned ingredients are safe and robust for cleaning the skin and hands.
Applications for Green Technology Practices in Analyzing the Edge Detection Techniques on Digital Image Processing by using MATLAB
Authors: Ravikumar R. , Arulmozhi V.
Published: September 2022

Increasing awareness and growing focus on environmental issues such as climate change, energy use, and the loss of non-renewable resources have created a great need for research that provides possible solutions to these problems. Environmental science and engineering research continue to play an important role in revealing new “green” future opportunities. Digital Image Processing plays a major role in contributing to its relevant research works under these Environmental and Green Technologies. By applying tools related to Environment technology this Digital Image Processing produces numerous applications. In such cases, Edges provide an important dynamic change in digital image processing. It is a process of finding and finding edges with sharp changes made by the power of its images. This is the best way to get an accurate edge in good shape and also different edge finders will work in better different conditions. Different methods of edge detection were compared comparatively to determine which method was most suitable for obtaining edges without any noise conditions. Here, the three types of edges have horizontal, vertical and diagonal edges. In this paper, we review the different editing methods and compare different identification methods, advantages, and disadvantages. Implementation is done using MATLAB. A sudden change of discontinuity is evident in the image.
An experimental study of solar receiver under cloudy weather conditions
Authors: Havaldar Sanjay N , Kulkarni Kaustubh G , Dhokane Nilesh T , Nimbalkar Shrikant D
Published: September 2022

The performance of the central solar receiver should be properly examined for an effective design of a solar power or solar heating system. The performance of solar receiver is affected by three parameters. These are the amount of solar radiations, the state of the heating medium and the temperature of the surrounding air. Also, while evaluating the performance of a solar receiver, the ambient weather conditions should be taken into account. As a result, when a large amount of direct light strikes a solar receiver, the power generated increases as well. In contrast, as the amount of direct light falling on the solar receiver diminishes, so does the amount of electricity generated. As a result, it is generally understood that on sunny days, the performance of the central solar receiver will be higher, while on overcast days, the performance will be reduced. The solar receiver collects heat from diffused or reflecting light (when the sun is obscured by clouds) and absorbs reflective light from glossy or light-colored surfaces. The experimental results reveal that solar radiation collection performance is dependent on climatic circumstances; thus, when installing a solar receiver, it should be suitable for the specific region depending on weather conditions.
Obesity: technology, exercise and diet
Authors: Jaramillo Roger , Villao Alex , Merchán Diana , Jaramillo Jorge
Published: September 2022

Use of technology to accompany the treatment of obesity and exercise routine has become an ideal complement to carry historical data that are representative to measure the evolution of this disease. A bibliographic analysis of some studies was applied where it has successfully contributed to the use of APPs that are cornering the market because they not only measure the steps an individual takes, but also the calories consumed versus calories burned. APPs are a tool or support, but obesity is a complex disease that requires another type of support, not only an APP; Additionally, climate change affects food security, which causes the increase of this disease.
Blue green algal farming revolution: An eco-friendly top-up step for Agribusiness advancements
Authors: Sharma Parvati , Kumari Ankur , Bhardwaj Anuradha , Poonia Asha , Yashpal
Published: September 2022

Global population growth rate accelerating earth ecosystem disturbance and increasing resource scarcity, malnutrition and poverty. These events challenge socio-economic development of each country and obligate scientific communities to develop such novel approaches to overcome this burden, which not only provide a healthy diet but also engage people in setting up their own business. Therefore, microalgae Spirulina is the one of the emerging food source with rich protein content and other nutritional components in adequate amount with diverse health benefits. The small scale investments in microalgae biomass production, familiarizing nutraceutical values and convert in consumable forms is the interesting agribusiness with diversified profits and popularization. Spirulina production strategies can be conventional and low-cost effective technologies. These techniques also help in designing new innovative possibilities in modifications and enhancements in the existing agriculture products processing strategies for their better use in different industries. Although most of communities are aware about agribusiness strategies of Spirulina but still it is in one the demanding and upcoming bright sector. This article reveals the methods of mass production of Spirulina and their significant role in agriculture as well as industrial.
Cell-laden bioink circulation-assisted inkjet-based bioprinting to mitigate cell sedimentation and aggregation
Authors: Liu Jiachen , Shahriar Md , Xu Heqi , Xu Changxue
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting precisely deposits picolitre bioink to fabricate functional tissues and organs in a layer-by-layer manner. The bioink used for 3D bioprinting incorporates living cells. During printing, cells suspended in the bioink sediment to form cell aggregates through cell-cell interaction. The formation of cell aggregates due to cell sedimentation have been widely recognized as a significant challenge to affect the printing reliability and quality. This study has incorporated the active circulation into the bioink reservoir to mitigate cell sedimentation and aggregation. Force and velocity analysis were performed, and a circulation model has been proposed based on iteration algorithm with the time step for each divided region. It has been found that (a) the comparison of the cell sedimentation and aggregation with and without the active bioink circulation has demonstrated high effectiveness of active circulation to mitigate cell sedimentation and aggregation for the bioink with both a low cell concentration of 1 × 106 cells ml−1 and a high cell concentration of 5 × 106 cells ml−1; and (b) the effect of circulation flow rate on cell sedimentation and aggregation has been investigated, showing that large flow rate results in slow increments in effectiveness. Besides, the predicted mitigation effectiveness percentages on cell sedimentation by the circulation model generally agrees well with the experimental results. In addition, the cell viability assessment at the recommended maximum flow rate of 0.5 ml min−1 has demonstrated negligible cell damage due to the circulation. The proposed active circulation approach is an effective and efficient approach with superior performance in mitigating cell sedimentation and aggregation, and the resulting knowledge is easily applicable to other 3D bioprinting techniques significantly improving printing reliability and quality in 3D bioprinting.
Al2O3 and CuO nano particulate-based paints for marine applications
Authors: Krishna Mohan M V , Bhanuprakash T V K , Mukherjee Aditya
Published: September 2022

The present study focuses on the Preparation of Aluminum Oxide, and Copper oxide antifouling coatings to prevent or reduce corrosion and fouling in ships and marine vehicles. Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles were prepared using the ball milling process. The nano paints were prepared using these nanoparticles as pigment and linseed alkyd resin as a binder. Mild-steel specimens coated with nano paint were immersed in seawater for 120 days and the properties were studied using Scanning electron microscopy, SEM—EDAX, X-ray Diffraction, and Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy. It found an improvement in anti-fouling exhibited by Al2O3 mild steel plates and also an improvement using CuO when compared to bare paint. Contact angle measurement showed a marked increase for base paint which indicates its hydrophobic nature.