bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafios da alimentação em fim de vida: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Carvalho Paula , Coelho Carina , Franco Natacha , Cunha Daniela , Caçador Anastácio Zélia
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A alimentação constitui umamnecessidade humana básica ao longo do percurso da vida do ser humano com carácter multifatorial. É associada ao conforto, carinho, compaixão e, na sua ausência, com a progressão da doença e proximidade da morte. Gerir a perda da capacidade de alimentação constitui um enorme desafio, para o doente, família, cuidadores e equipa assistencial. Objetivo: Identificar os desafios, perceções, estratégias e intervenções de enfermagem na gestão da Alimentação em fim de vida. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo através de uma revisão narrativa nas bases de dado Scielo, Pubmed, Web of Science, Medline e B-on. Definiram-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos de revistas científicas completos, publicados em Português, Inglês e Espanhol entre 2018 e 2024. Dos artigos consultados foram selecionados 6 artigos. Resultados e Discussão: Ao longo da vida do ser humano a alimentação está associada a vivências em família, de partilha, de celebração, de conforto, carinho, compaixão e cuidado. Com a progressão da doença surgem alterações fisiopatológicas que afetam as atividades de vida do doente e família, nomeadamente na alimentação. Neste momento a alimentação pode ser percecionada pela família como angústia e aproximação da morte. Os valores e crenças sobre a alimentação não são totalmente conhecidos e percebidos pelos enfermeiros, com dificuldade em conhecer o momento ideal de parar, de conhecer o impacto e significado atribuído pelo doente e pela família tornando-se numa atitude de obstinação terapêutica. Conclusão: A alimentação em fim de vida constitui um desafio para o Enfermeiro Especialista em Médico cirúrgica na Área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Paliativa, desde o diagnóstico à implementação de intervenções de enfermagem, no sentido de promover o conforto e dignidade ao doente e família/cuidador.
Avaliação do sofrimento existencial na pessoa em situação paliativa: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Ferreira Soraia , Alves Júlia , Carvalho Paula , Caçador Anastácio Zélia , Cunha Daniela
Published: December 2024

Enquadramento Teórico: O sofrimento existencial (SE) na pessoa em situação paliativa aborda questões fundamentais relacionadas ao sentido da vida, medo da morte e perda de propósito. Apesar da sua importância, a avaliação adequada do SE permanece subexplorada na prática clínica. A literatura existente aponta para a necessidade de métodos e instrumentos robustos para a avaliação do SE em contextos paliativos. Este estudo visa preencher esta lacuna, revisando os métodos e instrumentos utilizados na avaliação do SE na pessoa em cuidados paliativos (CP). Objetivo: Identificar métodos e instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o SE na pessoa em situação paliativa. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo através de uma revisão narrativa nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e EBSCOhost. Foram selecionados onze artigos que dão resposta ao objetivo do estudo. Resultados e Discussão de Resultados: A revisão identifica a Escala de Sofrimento Existencial (EDS), o Inventário de Dignidade do Paciente (PDI-IT) e a Escala de Desmoralização (DS-II) como ferramentas eficazes para a avaliação abrangente do SE em CP. Adicionalmente, a Cuidado, Assistência/Ajuda, Stress, Esperanças/Medos (CASH) e Significado e Propósito Existencial (EMAP) são valorizadas pela sua eficácia na facilitação da comunicação e na tomada de decisões complexas. No entanto, é imperativo que estas ferramentas sejam continuamente desenvolvidas e validadas para manter a sua relevância e eficácia em contextos culturais e clínicos variados, garantindo adaptações constantes face à diversidade cultural e práticas clínicas distintas. Conclusão: A avaliação precisa do SE é essencial para melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados. Este estudo sublinha a abrangência de alguns instrumentos na simplificação da avaliação do SE e na tomada de decisões complexas. Contudo, é crucial continuar a desenvolver e adaptar estes instrumentos para garantir a sua aplicabilidade e eficácia nos diversos contextos culturais e clínicos.
"Were we prepared?" Perceptions of a nursing school community toward crisis moments
Authors: Simões Marques dos Santos Diana Gabriela , Dos Santos Santana Elaine , Ribeiro Bernardo Joanna Vanessa , Gomes Silva Rosa Carla , Gonçalves Duque Filipa Margarida , Andreia Sofia Cristina  , Silva de Sousa Filipe Alexandre , Gurgel de Castro Marília , Gonçalves Gomes José Herminio , Campos Silva Teresa María , Franco Almeida Inês , Batista Cardoso Daniela Filipa
Published: December 2024

This article examines the perceptions of a nursing school community toward the impact of COVID-19 on its members’ personal and professional lives. Descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach. A purposive sample was selected from the academic community of a higher education nursing school in Portugal. Data were collected through focus groups and analyzed using content analysis techniques. Twenty-seven (73%) participants were women and 10 (27%) were men, with a mean age of 50.1 years. The perceived impact category emerged from the content analysis of the academic community’s perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 restrictive measures. The following subcategories also emerged: Institutional, Teaching-Learning, Professional life, Personal life, and Work-Life balance. The study’s significance lies in its comprehensive view of pandemic effects on an academic community but acknowledges limitations, including sample specificity and potential biases. Overall, it underscores COVID-19’s multidimensional impact on academic life, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies in educational and personal spheres amidst ongoing challenges. These findings contribute to reformulating policies and implementing strategies related to higher education management, distance learning, and the work-life balance of both faculty and staff.
Competencias del profesorado universitario: identificación, evaluación y contraste según los estudiantes
Authors: González Rubén , Escapa González Adrián , Magdaleno Marco Jorge , Rosas Mayoral José Guillermo , Fínez María José , Morán María Consuelo
Published: December 2024

El siguiente trabajo de innovación docente evaluó las competencias del saber hacer del profesorado universitario según determinó el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. En esta nueva forma de entender la educación superior, los docentes desarrollan el papel de orientadores del aprendizaje. Esta situación exige que los docentes dispongan de otras competencias aparte de los conocimientos científicos propios de su disciplina. Para conocer esas competencias que valoran los universitarios se aplicó la Escala para Evaluar Competencias del Saber Hacer del Profesor Universitario a 202 alumnos dela Universidad de León de diferentes titulaciones. Esta medida consta de 15 ítems y se responde en una escala tipo Likert y valora competencias como motivación, empatía, comunicación, planificación o resolución de problemas, entre otras. Los resultados muestran diferencias en la valoración de esas las competencias según el sexo, la edad o la titulación de los alumnos. Las mujeres valoran más las competencias de planificación o motivación en sus profesores. Los estudiantes de mayor edad valoran más la competencia de evaluación, mientras que los estudiantes de titulaciones de Derecho y ADE destacan la necesidad de que sus docentes tengan capacidades de planificación y trabajo en equipo. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que el profesorado universitario no solo debe desarrollar nuevas competencias en el contexto del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, sino que algunas de ellas se deben potenciar más dependiendo de otras variables como las disciplinas académicas o la edad de los alumnos, para mejorar su labor docente.
Analyzing the problem of artificial intelligence through the prism of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Grigorova Yana V. , Komarov Sergey V. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2024

The research examines the structure of the mind in I. Kant’s philosophy as an archetype of artificial intelligence. Categories of the mind are considered as logical drivers of the productive imagination synthesis. Since the temporal schemes of imagination synthesis basically contain a transcendental account, the mind acts as a calculation. This formal counting mechanism can be separated from the work of the living mind and reproduced technically in artificial intelligence systems. The unconditionality of the ideas of the mind means the arbitrariness of setting them as functions of the mind program. However, in relation to the final computer (the mind), they act only as logical regulators of its operation. In this case, the theoretical mind is a weak intellect. Another logical driver of categorical synthesis is the idea of practical reason. From the point of view of the functioning of the mind program, the logical driver switches from the regulatory function to the constitutive one. This means that the practical reason implements a version of strong intelligence. With this understanding of the mind, the capacity to judge in the process of categorical synthesis performs a synthetic role relative to the categories of the mind. In this case, the category table gives possible images of hypothetical objects. The problem of artificial intelligence lies precisely in the reproduction of the free play of the capacity to judge. But then the question arises about superintelligence understood as a supercomputer with high computing power or a biocomputer whose principles include the functions of free choice or learning, so it can be a programmer of itself. From the point of view of Kant’s doctrine of reason, any intellect can only be finite: it can program itself as a computer, but it cannot set its being.
The problem of defining and formation of anti-value: a methodological aspect
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Petev Nicolay I.
Published: December 2024

The paper is related to popularization of the phenomenon of anti-value. The main problem of the article is defining anti-value as a radical opposition to value being an axiologically positive phenomenon. In such a paradigm, the former is not just negative but «value-destroying», that is, it is full of destructive tendencies. Moreover, it is radically separated from value, which makes it possible to establish autonomy for it. This implies a certain isolation of anti-value from value. In such a paradigm, there arises a question of defining anti-value as well as the problem of its relationship with value. The study aims to analyze the possibility of formulating a definition of anti-value having its own basis but at the same time not going beyond the axiological sphere. The author employs dialectical, comparative, ethical methods of analysis along with the modeling method. The possibility of defining anti-value is analyzed in the article within the paradigm of its identification with deprivation and condition, with the use of the dualistic and dialectical principle in conjunction with an existential perspective. In addition, the paper considers the model of radical autonomy of anti-value. The author comes to the following conclusions: 1. The dialectical principle does not allow the formation of the concept of anti-value because it is the formation of value that results from development. 2. Considering anti-value as deprivation leads to its direct dependence on value, thereby excluding the autonomy of the former. 3. The analysis of anti-value as a condition also reveals its dependence on value. 4. The model of radical autonomy shows its inadequacy for the formation of a definition. 5. The dualistic approach not only does not solve the problem of defining anti-value but, on the contrary, causes even more problematic issues. 6. The existential approach reveals the redundancy, excessiveness, and groundlessness of introducing anti-value into the system.
Features of the influence of digitalization on the psyche of a young person
Authors:   Donetsk Republican Prosthetic and Orthopedic Center, Dzhura Georgy S. , Ivanchenko Victor Ya. ,   Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Michael Tugan-Baranovsky
Published: December 2024

The constant development of information technologies and their widespread implementation in various spheres of human life give rise not only to new opportunities but also to challenges for mental health, especially among the younger generation. Modern young people are included in the digital environment from an early age, which forms specific patterns of behavior, communication, and perception of the world. The influence of the digital environment on the psyche of modern young people is becoming the subject of active scientific research, as it can have both positive and negative consequences. Now that the digital environment is not only a platform for communication but also a space for the formation of opinions and values, it is essential to understand in detail the specifics of this interaction. The study appears to be important as it is necessary to develop strategies for psychological support and prevention aimed at reducing the negative consequences associated with the use of digital technologies among young people. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study how digital environment influences the psyche of young people, given the lack of an unambiguous opinion about its consequences. The paper looks at the main factors that affect the mental health and behavior of the younger generation, including aspects related to emotional well-being, stress levels, the formation of psychosocial identity and interpersonal relationships, Internet addiction, digital burnout, cyberbullying, and increased anxiety. Systematized and summarized results of existing studies conducted among young people made it possible to determine the degree of influence of the digital environment on their mental state and to identify factors contributing to the formation of healthy relationships with digital technologies. The paper also provides recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of informatization for mental health.
Developing a resource model of conflict
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Borodina Kira A.
Published: December 2024

In the context of simultaneous globalization and polarization of modern society, there comes to the fore the problem of searching for causes of emerging conflicts in the essence of information-resource exchange processes between the parties involved in interaction. In this scientific article the author proposes a resource model of conflict that would allow the most accurate identification of such causes and the selection of appropriate measures to prevent conflict situations. The model is based on the following premises. The main premise is that any system strives for a balanced state and is able to achieve it through exchange operations between its various elements, while a conflict situation occurs whenever such a state cannot be achieved. An auxiliary premise is the statement about the sufficiency of two participating parties to identify the value of certain resources and stabilize the interaction process, without the need to involve a third party. The proposed resource model of conflict is built on the basis of functional pairs, which include a pair of interacting parties «Personality – World» as well as two pairs of key functions of the resource exchange process «Request – Initiative» and «Acceptance – Giving». Accordingly, the author studied four functional quadrants in the model’s frame, clarifying the cause and specifics of the conflict. Also, she described the properties of their normal and abnormal states. The study also considers the behavioral strategies of the conflict participants corresponding to the resource exchange functions and identifies the reasons behind their preference for a particular behavioral strategy. In addition, the author proposes measures to reduce the level of conflict resulting from overstrain and hyperfocus on one or another type of functional interaction.
Improving the Reading Skills of Students with Mild Intellectual Disabilities through Repeated and Paired Reading Techniques
Authors: Şahin Ayfer , Özçelik Fatma Cahide
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of fluent reading strategies, specifically "paired reading" and "repeated reading," on the development of reading skills of two students with mild intellectual disability. In the study, two fourth-grade students with mild intellectual disabilities participated in an intervention program aimed at improving their reading skills. Two 4th grade students, one girl and one boy, who attended the support education room as well as the regular classes of the primary school, were included in the intervention programme. The AB single-case design was utilized, as this design is the most commonly used for detecting the effects of. The study employed purposeful sampling to select participants based on specific criteria. The criteria for inclusion in the study were having a mild intellectual disability, attending the support class, and experiencing difficulty in reading and comprehension. The processes lasted for 7 weeks, equating to 35 class hours. Data were collected through instruments such as the Error Analysis Inventory, video recordings, narrative, and informative texts, and reading comprehension achievement tests. The results revealed improvements in students' word definitions, reading speeds, reading skills, and comprehension levels. These results suggest that the study recommends employing paired and repeated reading strategies to enhance the reading and comprehension skills of students facing reading and learning difficulties.
Mediating Effects of Academic Stress between Resilience and Academic Achievement: On the University Students majoring in Piano and Vocal Music
Authors: Baiyan Du , Qun Xie , Ko Young Chun
Published: December 2024

This study finds out the structural relationship among resilience, academic stress, and academic achievement for university students majoring in piano and vocal music and verifies the mediating effect on academic stress between resilience and academic achievement. The subjects of this study are 608 students majoring in piano and vocal music at two universities in Sichuan, China. The SPSS 25 program is used to analyse the reliability and mean difference of resilience and academic stress, and the program is used to analyse the correlation and regression of resilience, academic stress, and academic achievement. In the results of this study, resilience has an explanatory power of about 28% for academic stress and has a negative (-) effect on academic stress. Resilience shows an explanatory power of about 22% for academic achievement and has a positive (+) effect on academic achievement. The explanatory power of resilience, an independent variable, and academic stress, parameter, on academic achievement at the same time is found to be about 22%. At this time, resilience has a positive effect on academic achievement, but academic stress has a negative effect on academic achievement. And academic stress partially mediates the effect of resilience on academic achievement. As can be seen from the partial mediating effect of academic stress between resilience and academic achievement, the higher the student's resilience, the lower the academic stress, which will improve the academic achievement of college students majoring in piano and vocal music. In addition, academic achievement can be improved when increasing the resilience of college students majoring in piano and vocal music. Therefore, in order to further improve the academic achievement of students majoring in piano and vocal music, a method of increasing the resilience of students is required. In future studies related to academic achievement of university students majoring in piano and vocal music, it is necessary to further study the structural relationship of academic achievement according to learning motivation and goal orientation.
О необходимости создания конституционных (уставных) судов в субъектах Российской Федерации
Authors: Евдокимов Владимир , Тухватуллин Тимур
Published: December 2024

В статье на основе принципа разделения властей рассматривается институт судебного конституционного (уставного) контроля в субъектах Российской Федерации, а также правовые проблемы создания конституционных (уставных) судов. Несмотря на закрепление в конституциях (уставах) всех субъектов Федерации указанного принципа, а в некоторых из них — норм о конституционных (уставных) судах, до настоящего времени подобные органы конституционной (уставной) юстиции действуют только в 16 из 85 субъектов Российской Федерации. При этом в ряде российских регионов подобные суды ликвидированы или их действие приостановлено. Авторами представлен собственный взгляд на причины подобной негативной ситуации и на основе конституционно-правовых норм обосновано, что отсутствие в каждом субъекте Российской Федерации конституционного(уставного) суда лишает проживающих на его территории граждан важного и эффективного механизма защиты их прав и свобод. Необходимость учреждения конституционных (уставных) судов во всех российских регионах предопределена заложенным в ст. 45 и 46 Конституции РоссийскойФедерации смыслом о гарантированности государством судебной защиты прав и свобод человека и гражданина посредством осуществления правосудия органами государственной власти субъектов Федерации. В статье критически оцениваются предлагаемые отдельными конституционалистами альтернативные механизмы осуществления конституционного (уставного) правосудия, включая передачу таких полномочий Конституционному Суду Российской Федерации, совмещение компетенции судов общей юрисдикции и конституционных (уставных) судов субъектов Российской Федерации, создание органов конституционной юстиции в рамках федеральных округов. Серьезным препятствием на пути создания системы регионального конституционного правосудия видится отсутствие в Федеральном конституционном законе «О судебной системе Российской Федерации» нормы, закрепляющей обязательность органов судебной власти в субъектах Российской Федерации. Предлагается законодательно возложить на субъекты Федерации обязанность по созданию таких судов. Разделяя мнения специалистов о необходимости принятия федерального закона, направленного на регулирование вопросов организации и деятельности конституционных (уставных) судов субъектов Федерации, авторы отмечают, что целесообразно принять не отдельный федеральный закон, а внести в Федеральный закон «Об общих принципах организации законодательных (представительных) и исполнительных органов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации» изменения, которые дополнят его положениями об основах деятельности таких судов, одновременно скорректировав его название.
Содержание исключительного права на произведение: альтернативный подход
Authors: Рябов Кирилл
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются существующий и возможный альтернативный подходы к раскрытию содержания исключительного авторского права. Показано, что первый из них (включающий в содержание исключительного права правомочия по распоряжению экземплярами произведения, но не включающий правомочие использовать произведение по его прямому назначению) не лишен ряда существенных теоретических недостатков, которые неминуемо приводят к путанице и на практике. Естественным ходом мысли в данной ситуации является предложение включить правомочие использовать произведение по назначению в содержание исключительного права, а правомочия, входящие в содержание права собственности на экземпляры произведения, исключить. Доказывается, что такой подход менее уязвим для критики с теоретической точки зрения и способен решить любые практические задачи, ради решения которых существует авторское право. При этом автор подчеркивает, что представленные рассуждения не могут считаться полностью выстроенной теорией. Однако хотя ограниченность объема статьи и не позволяет подробно рассмотреть некоторые частные аспекты (например, «принцип исчерпания права», распространение экземпляров произведения с привлечением дистрибьютора) или особенности отдельных объектов авторского права (например, компьютерных программ), изложенного, как кажется, все же достаточно для понимания ключевых положений предлагаемого подхода. К тому же представленная критика существующего подхода едва ли может быть игнорирована. В то же время автор не ставил перед собой цель противопоставить свои размышления идущей реформе четвертой части Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации. Это было бы, как минимум, несвоевременно. Речь идет не о том, каким должно быть исключительное право завтра, а о предложении обсудить, в каком направлении оно должно развиваться в ближайшие десятилетия. Не вызывает сомнений, что главнейшая задача, стоящая перед теорией интеллектуальной собственности вообще и теорией исключительного авторского права, в частности, — это разработка полноценной логически выстроенной системы общих норм (отсутствующей на сегодняшний день).
Понятие «охрана труда»: теоретико-правовой аспект
Authors: Петров Алексей
Published: December 2024

В науке трудового права не разработан в должной мере понятийный аппарат охраны труда (определения и термины) и, прежде всего, с позиции международного трудового права. Более того, отсутствует концептуальная правовая модель безопасности и гигиены труда, ее понятийной основы. Поэтому автором предпринята попытка восполнить этот пробел в науке. Методологической основой статьи является учение о праве как фундаментальном регуляторе общественных отношений, доктринальная концепция о понятиях трудового права России. Впервые в науке трудового права раскрывается понятие охраны, безопасности и гигиены труда не только с позиции международного трудового права и современных теоретических подходов, но и проекта Федерального закона «О безопасности и гигиене труда». Основные выводы: термин «охрана труда» изначально не соответствовал концептуальной идее, смыслу и своему назначению — содействовать сохранению жизни и здоровья работника; определение понятия охраны труда, данное в ст. 209 ТК РФ, представляется несколько нелогичным и неправильным. С позиции науки российского трудового права охрану труда следовало бы определить как систему правовых актов, регулирующих социально-экономические, организационно-технические, санитарно-гигиенические, лечебно-профилактические, реабилитационные и иные отношения в целях обеспечения здоровья и жизни работника; категория«требования охраны труда» вряд ли уместна в российском праве, в том числе и в ст. 37 Конституции Российской Федерации; некоторые определения и термины, предусмотренные в федеральных законах и подзаконных нормативных правовых актах, либо дублируют ст. 209 ТК РФ, либо не совсем ей соответствуют, что обусловливает проблемы с их применением на практике. В перспективе было бы целесообразным провести их унификацию; можно предположить, что в случае принятия Федерального закона «О безопасности и гигиене труда» будет поставлен вопрос, чтобы раздел Х ТК РФ назвать «Безопасность и гигиена труда» и в соответствии с новым названием раздела придать ему качественно другое содержание. В связи с этим все правовые доктрины (советские и российские) об охране труда, очевидно, придется пересмотреть.
Mathematical Reasoning Activity: Compare, Generalize and Justify
Authors: Öz Tuba , Çiftci Zeynep
Published: December 2024

The significance of mathematical reasoning skills is often highlighted in national and international curricula. In recent years, the process aspect of mathematical reasoning has been examined through comparison, generalization, and justification. Emphasizing these process abilities is crucial for creating learning settings that develop mathematical thinking and enhance teacher's understanding. This study assessed middle school students' comparation, generalization, and justification within reasoning activities. The participants were 27 sixth-grade students engaged in a mathematical reasoning workshop. The research data were gathered via a reasoning activity including three open-ended sub-problems addressed by the students. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that middle school students were capable of comparison, although they had difficulties in generalization and justification. Upon comprehensive evaluation, it was concluded that the number of students who completed these three steps cohesively was considerably low.
Okul Rehberlik Hizmetlerinde Yol Haritası: Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezlerinin Bakış Açısıyla
Authors: Erdemir Nuri
Published: December 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, RAM’larda görev yapan psikolojik danışman / rehber öğretmenlerin okullarda sunulan rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerine yönelik görüşlerini derinlemesine incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, psikolojik danışmanların, rehber öğretmenlerin, rehberlik hizmetlerinin etkililiği, karşılaştıkları zorluklar, önerilerine dair düşünceleri anlaşılarak, okullarda sunulan mevcut uygulamalara katkı sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Araştırmanın modeli nitel araştırmalardan birkaç bireyin bir fenomen ya da kavramla ilgili deneyimlenmiş yaşantılarının ortak anlamını ve doğasını derinlemesine tanımlaya yardımcı olan fenomenolojik model kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu oluşturulurken, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Amaçlı örneklem, belirli kriterlere uygun, bilgi yoğunluğu yüksek durumların detaylı analizini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Ölçüt örnekleme, bu yöntemler arasında yer almakta olup, araştırmacının belirlediği veya önceden var olan kriterleri karşılayan durumların incelenmesini sağlar. Çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesinde bulunan bir şehirdeki farklı RAM’larda görev yapan 9 kadın, 15 erkek psikolojik danışman / rehber öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya ilişkin etik kurul kararı alındıktan sonra ilgili kurumlarda çalışan gönüllü katılımcılar üzerinden veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde toplanan verilerin anlamlı kavramlara ve ilişkilere dönüştürülmesini hedefleyen, fark edilmemiş kavram ve temaların ortaya çıkarılmasını sağlayan içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularında; okullarda sunulan rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinin çoğunlukla problem alanlarına göre yürütüldüğü ve eğitsel ve mesleki rehberlik hizmetlerinin kişisel/sosyal rehberlik hizmetlerine göre daha ön planda olduğu söylenebilir. Okullarda sunulan rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinde işlevsellik ve verimlilik için günümüz değişen koşullarına göre gerek alan çalışanlarının gerekse plan ve programların revize edilmesi gerekliliği söylenebilir. Destek sistemlerinin ve işbirliğinin ve mesleki gelişim ile kariyer süreçlerinin önemi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışma bulgularına göre önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
ISO Technical Report 14644-21 Published to Support ISO 14644 Parts 1 and 2
Authors: Hargreaves John , Watson Andrew
Published: December 2024

ISO/TC 209 released its first Technical Report in 2023 to help clarify information regarding airborne particle counting provided in Parts 1 and 2 of ISO 14644. It also intends to dispel observed issues of misuse and misunderstanding of key sections of these standards with regard to airborne particle sampling.
Performance Evaluation of the Time-Frequency Transformation Methods on Electrical Machinery Fault Detection
Authors: Kiliç Mehmet Emin , Acar Yunus Emre
Published: December 2024

Detecting faults in electrical machine systems is crucial for developing maintenance strategies. Modern technology enables personalized maintenance planning for system components by continuously or periodically monitoring systems with sensors. The first step in condition-based maintenance planning is predicting faults from sensor data. Monitoring vibration signals is one of the most preferred approaches for fault diagnosis in electrical machine systems. We have used a dataset containing vibration data recorded to detect intentionally created faults in an electrical machine system. The paper spots three popular methods to convert the time domain data into the frequency domain: power spectral density signal, spectrogram images, and scalogram images. Furthermore, we have analyzed the performance of the popular machine learning and deep learning methods with frequency-domain inputs. We have reported the results with accepted performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Our findings indicate that spectrogram images with the InceptionV3 model achieve maximum accuracy of over 98% accuracy among. The findings also highlight the necessity of carefully selecting model parameters based on the data type.
The effect of the position of the hyoid bone on the volume of the respiratory space of patients with sagittal anomalies of the jaw ratio
Authors: Ivanova Olga Pavlovna , Tsurova Amina Ruslanovna , Biryukova Lidiya Igorevna , Denisovna Zatsarinskaya Daria , Ivanova Alina Igorevna , Yanitsky Vladislav Vladislavovich
Published: December 2024

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over the past ten years, various authors have developed methods for cephalometric analysis of the position of the hyoid bone on both a lateral telerentgenogram (TRG) and a computed tomogram (CT) of the head and neck. However, none of these techniques allows us to reliably assert the combination of the distal ratio of the jaws with an expansion of the volume of the respiratory space, and the mesial one with a narrowing, therefore this question still remains open.
AIMS: To determine the effect of the position of the hyoid bone on the volume of the respiratory space of patients with sagittal anomalies of the jaw ratio.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 comparison groups: the first group consisted of 74 patients with a tendency to distal occlusion, and the second - 52 patients with a tendency to mesial jaw ratio. The position of the hyoid bone was assessed on lateral telerentgenograms (TRG) of patients with sagittal maxillary anomalies, studying the angle (GoMeH) formed by the tangent to the body of the lower jaw and the uppermost and anterior point on the hyoid bone. The analysis of the volume of the respiratory tract was carried out using the InVivo5 Anatomage software.
RESULTS: The relationship between the position of the hyoid bone and the volume of the respiratory space was established in patients with sagittal anomalies of the jaw ratio. With mesial occlusion, the angle (GoMeH) decreased, but the airway lumen did not narrow. In patients with distal jaw ratio, the angle (Gomez) increased, but the volume of the airways both increased and decreased.
CONCLUSIONS: The position of the hyoid bone is directly related to sagittal anomalies of the jaw ratio and affects the volume of the respiratory space. The obtained research data can be used in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry and orthodontic reception in the diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as to control the quality of treatment of sagittal malocclusion.
Effect of long term treatment with antiepileptic drugs on carotid intima-media thickness as an indicator of atherosclerosis
Authors: Söker Elif Banu , Keskin Güler Selda , Conkbayır Işık , Güven Bülent , Yoldaş Tahir
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aim of current study was to investigate the possible relation between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and atheosclerotic risk factors and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis.
Materials and Methods: Ninety-two patients, who had used carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproic acid (VPA) for three or more years and who had used a second AED (polytherapy) for two years in addition to CBZ or VPA monotherapy, were included in the study. The control group was composed of 31subjects with similiar demographics. Fasting blood glucose, liver and renal function tests, lipid profile, homocysteine, serum high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP), uric acid (UA), lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)), folate and vitamine B12 levels were examined in both groups.
Results: Homocysteine levels were higher in the VPA, CBZ and politherapy groups compared to the control group. UA levels were higher in the VPA monotherapy group when compared to the CBZ monotherapy and polytherapy group. In the CBZ monotherapy group, Hs-CRP levels were higher than in the VPA monotherapy, polytherapy and control groups. Total cholesterol levels were higher in the CBZ monotherapy group when compared to the VPA monotherapy and control groups.
Conclusion: The findings showed no correlation between IMT values and duration of disease, duration of drug usage and dose, which suggests that long-term AED usage does not increase the development of atherosclerosis.
Hepatobiliary involvement in patients with brucellosis
Authors: Yavuz Sibel , Kılıç Çil Merve , Çelik Ümit
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Brucellosis is a common infectious disease in many countries worldwide and endemic in some regions. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of hepatobiliary involvement in pediatric patients diagnosed with and treated for brucellosis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 71 patients who were diagnosed with brucellosis and received treatment between 2022 and 2024 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and demographic characteristics, along with laboratory parameters, were collected through a review of the patients' medical records. Rose Bengal test positivity, Wright agglutination titers, and culture results were reviewed.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 126 months. Of the patients, 42.3% were females and 57.7% were males. The median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value was 61.5 IU/L (range: 14-125), and the median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value was 71 IU/L (range: 6-256). The most common complaints were myalgia, arthralgia, and low back pain, while weight loss and headache were the least frequent symptoms. In terms of physical examination findings, the majority of cases showed normal results, with arthritis being the most common pathological finding. Among the patients, 22 (31%) had elevated ALT levels, 31 (43.7%) had elevated AST levels, and 20 (28.2%) had elevated levels of both AST and ALT. Of the patients (n=20) with AST and ALT levels of >40 IU/L, the standard tube agglutination test (STAT) titer was below 1/1280 in 6 patients and ≥1/1280 in 14 patients. Elevated transaminases returned to normal in all patients after treatment. Hepatomegaly or splenomegaly was detected in 8 (11.2%) and 2 (2.8%) patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Brucellosis affects multiple organ systems, and its clinical manifestations can vary widely. Due to frequent occurrence of hepatobiliary involvement in brucellosis, brucellosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of elevated transaminases, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly.
Impact of the earthquake disaster in Türkiye on the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices and clinical presentation of patients
Authors: Akkuş Oğuz , Yasdıbaş Ramazan , Binokay Hülya
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the earthquake on the indication for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and whether it had an effect on the hospitalization clinics of the patients in our cardiology clinic in Hatay province of Türkiye.
Materials and Methods: A total of 186 consecutive patients who underwent an CIED (CRT, ICD, VVIR/DDDR) implantation in our clinic in the 1-year period before (n=120) and after the earthquake (n=66) were retrospectively included in our study.
Results: CIED rates were similar between the pre- and post-earthquake groups. Cardiac devices were not implanted in our clinic during the first 3 months after the earthquake. The severity of coronary artery disease and the rates of previous interventional coronary procedures were similar between the pre- and post-earthquake groups. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was significantly higher in the pre-earthquake group compared to the post-earthquake group (NYHA III-IV rates were 24.3% and 9.4%, respectively). Complication and mortality rates after CIED implantation before and after the earthquake were similar.
Conclusion: Although the devastating earthquake reduced the number of CIED implantations in our clinic, the rates were similar. Patient groups with decompensated heart failure findings were detected less frequently after the earthquake.
Aydın İlindeki Veteriner Hekimlerin Hayvan Refahı Algısı
Authors: Birli İsa , Emek Tahir , Akbaş Yavuz
Published: December 2024

Yasal gereksinimler ve tüketici isteklerindeki değişimler hayvan refahını yükselen bir değer haline getirmiştir. Bu anket çalışması, 2020 yılında Aydın ili kamu kurumlarında görevli 139 veteriner hekimin hayvan refahı konusundaki algı ve tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankete katılanların %97.1’i çiftlik hayvanlarında refahla ilgili sorunlar olduğunu bildirmiştir. Anket sonuçlarına göre önemli refah problemlerinin barınak koşulları (%75.4) ile bakım-besleme şartlarından (%44.6) kaynaklandığını, hayvan refahının hayvan sağlığı (%87.1) yanında ürün kalitesi (%92.1) ve insan sağlığı (%87.1) açısından da önemli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Hayvan refahının sağlanmasında en büyük sorumluluğun hayvan sahiplerine (%67.6), politikacılara (%15.8) ve hayvan bakıcılarına (%7.2) ait olduğu, refah problemlerinin hayvan sahipleri ile bakıcılarının bilgisizliği (%89.9), ekonomik sebepler (%55.4), yasal mevzuat (%51.1) ve kamuoyu duyarsızlığı (%46) sonucu oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Ankete katılanlar hayvansal ürünleri satın alırken hayvan refahını düşündüklerini (%59) ve bu ürünlerin tercih edilmesinin hayvan refahına bakışı olumlu yönde etkileyeceğini bildirmişlerdir. Katılımcılar, hayvansal ürünlerin refah koşullarında üretilip üretilmediklerini ürün etiketlerinde görmek istediklerini (%87.8) ve refaha uygun yetiştirilmişlerse ürüne daha fazla ücret ödemeyi kabul edebileceklerini (%79.1) ifade etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, hayvan refahını dikkate alan bir hayvansal üretimin başarılabilmesi için tüm paydaşların refah konusunda eğitilmesi ve uygulamalarının ilgili mevzuata uyumunun ise düzenli ve yeterli denetlenmesi gerekir.
Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Türünün Kültür İle Doğal Ortamlarda Yetişen Örneklerinin Kimyasal ve Biyolojik Yönden Detaylı İncelenmesi
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Mehmet , Yiğitkan Serkan , Yener İsmail , Çağlayan Mehmet Veysi , Reşitoğlu Barış , Akdeniz Mehmet , Çavuş Kaya Eda , Tekin Fethullah , Yılmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Ertaş Abdulselam
Published: December 2024

Lamiaceae familyası ilaç, gıda, kozmetik ve parfümeri sektörleri için önemli bir kaynaktır. Lamiaceae familyasına ait olan Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. türü çok eski zamanlardan beri halk hekimliğinde kullanılmaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada Z. clinopodioides türünün doğal ve kültür örneklerinin toprak üstü kısımlarının etanol ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği, antioksidan, sitotoksik ve enzim (AChE, BChE, tirozinaz, üreaz, elastaz, kolajenaz ve ACE) inhibisyon aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca türün aroma içerikleri GC-MS/FID ile belirlenip, etanol ekstrelerinin fitokimyasal bileşimi LC-MS/MS ile tespit edilmiştir. Aroma analizi sonuçlarına göre Z. clinopodioides türünün kültür örneğinin majör bileşenleri pulegon (%39.83), cis-menton (%21.36), trans-menton (%16.64), doğal örneğin majör bileşenleri ise pulegon (%62.42), neoizomentol (%5.93) ve cis-pulegon oksit (%5.47) olarak tespit edilmiştir. LC-MS/MS sonuçlarına göre türün kültür ve doğal örneklerinde kinik asit (sırasıyla, 25.841, 15.694 mg analit g-1 ekstre), rosmarinik asit (6.804, 25.523) ve asasetin (6.115, 10.764) majör bileşenler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kültür örneğinde hesperidin (5.725) daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Enzim aktivitesi sonuçlarına göre türün kültür ve doğal örneklerinin orta düzeyde bütirilkolinesteraz enzim inhibisyon aktivitesi (sırasıyla, % inhibisyon: 45.14±1.40; 43.57±0.73) gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Üreaz enzim inhibisyon aktivitesinde ise kültür örneğinin orta düzeyde aktvite gösterdiği (% inhibisyon: 43.64±0.39) fakat doğal örneğin aktivite göstermediği, ayrıca kültür örneğinin yüksek antihipertansif (% inhibisyon: 81.6±1.19) aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde türün kültür örneğinin doğal örneğe kıyasla yüksek antioksidan, bütürilkolinesteraz, üreaz ve antihipertansif aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Long-term mortality risk associated with cholesterol levels in primary prevention adults: insights from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pérez-Vázquez Martín , Palero S
Published: December 2024

Cholesterol levels, particularly LDL-C, are a critical factor in cardiovascular risk management. However, the long-term mortality risk associated with cholesterol levels in adults undergoing primary prevention remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between cholesterol levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large retrospective cohort. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 50,000 adults aged 40-75 years without prior cardiovascular disease.
Participants were stratified into quintiles based on baseline LDL-C levels. Mortality outcomes were assessed over a 15-year follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and treatment status. During the follow-up period, 6,500 deaths were recorded, including 2,100 cardiovascular-related deaths. Participants in the highest LDL-C quintile (>190 mg/dL) had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.30-1.62; P<0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.50-2.10; P<0.001) compared to those in the lowest quintile (<70 mg/dL). Statin use was associated with a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68-0.83; P<0.001). No significant differences were observed in mortality risk among intermediate LDL-C quintiles (70-130 mg/dL). In conclusions, Elevated LDL-C levels are independently associated with increased long-term mortality risk in adults undergoing primary prevention. These findings underscore the importance of aggressive LDL-C management in high-risk individuals and support the use of statins for primary prevention. Further research is needed to explore the impact of emerging lipid-lowering therapies on long-term outcomes.