bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning and radiomics framework for PSMA-RADS classification of prostate cancer on PSMA PET
Authors: Leung Kevin H. , Rowe Steven P. , Leal Jeffrey P. , Ashrafinia Saeed , Sadaghiani Mohammad S. , Chung Hyun Woo , Dalaie Pejman , Tulbah Rima , Yin Yafu , VanDenBerg Ryan , Werner Rudolf A. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Gorin Michael A. , Du Yong , Pomper Martin G.
Published: December 2022

Background

Accurate classification of sites of interest on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) images is an important diagnostic requirement for the differentiation of prostate cancer (PCa) from foci of physiologic uptake. We developed a deep learning and radiomics framework to perform lesion-level and patient-level classification on PSMA PET images of patients with PCa.

Methods

This was an IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant, retrospective study. Lesions on [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT scans were assigned to PSMA reporting and data system (PSMA-RADS) categories and randomly partitioned into training, validation, and test sets. The framework extracted image features, radiomic features, and tissue type information from a cropped PET image slice containing a lesion and performed PSMA-RADS and PCa classification. Performance was evaluated by assessing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). A t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis was performed. Confidence and probability scores were measured. Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed t test.

Results

PSMA PET scans from 267 men with PCa had 3794 lesions assigned to PSMA-RADS categories. The framework yielded AUROC values of 0.87 and 0.90 for lesion-level and patient-level PSMA-RADS classification, respectively, on the test set. The framework yielded AUROC values of 0.92 and 0.85 for lesion-level and patient-level PCa classification, respectively, on the test set. A t-SNE analysis revealed learned relationships between the PSMA-RADS categories and disease findings. Mean confidence scores reflected the expected accuracy and were significantly higher for correct predictions than for incorrect predictions (P < 0.05). Measured probability scores reflected the likelihood of PCa consistent with the PSMA-RADS framework.

Conclusion

The framework provided lesion-level and patient-level PSMA-RADS and PCa classification on PSMA PET images. The framework was interpretable and provided confidence and probability scores that may assist physicians in making more informed clinical decisions.
A new thinking: deciphering the aberrance and clinical implication of copper-death signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Aimin , Luo Peng , Chen Ming , Fang Yu , Liu Bing , Wu Zhenjie , Qu Le , Wang Anbang , Wang Linhui , Cai Chen
Published: December 2022

Rationale

Recent research has indicated that cuprotosis, or copper induced cell death, is a novel type of cell death that could be utilized as a new weapon for cancer management. However, the characteristics and implications of such signatures in cancers, especially in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC), remain elusive.

Methods

Expression, methylation, mutation, clinical information, copy number variation, functional implication, and drug sensitivity data at the pan-cancer level were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. An unsupervised clustering algorithm was applied to decipher ccRCC heterogeneity. Immune microenvironment construction, immune therapy response, metabolic pattern, and cancer progression signature between subgroups were also investigated.

Results

Cuprotosis related genes were specifically downregulated in various cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and were correlated with hypermethylation and copy number variation. Cuprotosis scores were also dysregulated in tumor tissues, and we found that such a signature could positively regulate oxidative phosphorylation and Myc and negatively regulate epithelial mesenchymal translation and myogenesis pathways. CPCS1 (cuprotosis scores high) and CPCS2 (cuprotosis scores low) in ccRCC displayed distinctive clinical profiles and biological characteristics; the CPCS2 subtype had a higher clinical stage and a worse prognosis and might positively regulate cornification and epidermal cell differentiation to fuel cancer progression. CPCS2 also displayed a higher tumor mutation burden and low tumor stemness index, while it led to a low ICI therapy response and dysfunctional tumor immunity state. The genome-copy numbers of CPCS2, including arm- gain and arm- loss, were higher than those of CPCS1. The prognostic model constructed based on subgroup biomarkers exerted satisfactory performance in both the training and validation cohorts. In addition, overexpression of the copper death activator DLAT suppressed the malignant ability, including cell migration and proliferation, of renal cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Finally, activation of cuprotosis in tumors could enhance antitumor immunity through dsDNA-cGAS-STING signaling in ccRCC.

Conclusion

The activation of cuprotosis might function as a promising approach among multiple cancers. The cuprotosis related signatures could reshape tumor immunity in the ccRCC microenvironment via cGAS-STING signal, thus activating tumor antigen-presenting process. Upregulation of DLAT expression in ccRCC cell lines could reactivate the copper death pattern and be treated as a suitable target for ccRCC.
Points2Sound: from mono to binaural audio using 3D point cloud scenes
Authors: Lluís Francesc , Chatziioannou Vasileios , Hofmann Alex
Published: December 2022

For immersive applications, the generation of binaural sound that matches its visual counterpart is crucial to bring meaningful experiences to people in a virtual environment. Recent studies have shown the possibility of using neural networks for synthesizing binaural audio from mono audio by using 2D visual information as guidance. Extending this approach by guiding the audio with 3D visual information and operating in the waveform domain may allow for a more accurate auralization of a virtual audio scene. We propose Points2Sound, a multi-modal deep learning model which generates a binaural version from mono audio using 3D point cloud scenes. Specifically, Points2Sound consists of a vision network and an audio network. The vision network uses 3D sparse convolutions to extract a visual feature from the point cloud scene. Then, the visual feature conditions the audio network, which operates in the waveform domain, to synthesize the binaural version. Results show that 3D visual information can successfully guide multi-modal deep learning models for the task of binaural synthesis. We also investigate how 3D point cloud attributes, learning objectives, different reverberant conditions, and several types of mono mixture signals affect the binaural audio synthesis performance of Points2Sound for the different numbers of sound sources present in the scene.
Blockchained supply chain management based on IoT tracking and machine learning
Authors: Dong Zhongping , Liang Wei , Liang Yan , Gao Weibo , Lu Yi
Published: December 2022

When it comes to running and managing modern supply chains, 6G Internet of things (IoT) is of utmost importance. To provide IoT with security and automation, blockchain and machine learning are two upper-layer technology that can help. First, we propose to utilize blockchain in modern supply chains to ensure efficient collaboration between all parties. Second, we adopt multi-head attention (MHA)-based gated recurrent unit (GRU) to do inbound logistics task prediction. Finally, numerical results justify that multi-head attention-based GRU model has better fitting efficiency and prediction accuracy than its counterparts.
Determinants of foreign direct investment inflows to COMESA member countries: an integration of institutional and socio-economic factors
Authors: Meressa Hayelom Abrha
Published: December 2022

In developing economies, stable foreign direct investment inflow is used as a means of realization of private sector growth and sustainable development goals. However, there is variability in inflows to African region in general and its economic bloc groupings in particular overtime across countries. In this regard, numerous empirical studies have been carried out on the determinants of investment inflow variability using different datasets on developing countries despite the studies have produced paradoxical findings. The aim of this study is, therefore, to empirically identify factors that determine variability of foreign direct investment inflows to COMESA member countries using panel data estimators. The study used explanatory research design with arrangement of secondary data, ex post control over variables, unbalanced short panel inclined with quantitative approach. The data were acquired from world development and governance indicators of World Bank for a period of 15 years ranging from 2002 to 2016 for 17 countries. Econometric model estimation procedures and diagnostic tests for classical linear regression model assumptions were carried out before making valid analysis. Accordingly, empirical evidence of the study revealed that infrastructure, government effectiveness, economic growth, control over corruption, trade openness, political stability, human capital and financial development have statistically positive effect on the inflow. However, external debt, inflation and regulatory quality failed to show significant effect. Therefore, member countries should take measures to narrow-up bottlenecks of financial development, improve infrastructure, scale-up trade integration, improve human capital quality, work to bring better political stability and to control corruption in order to boost-up stable inflows.
Sequential correction using satellite rod for the treatment of severe rigid spinal deformity: a retrospective study of 19 cases
Authors: Yin Huipeng , Wang Kun , Li Shuai , Song Yu , Feng Xiaobo , Hua Wenbin , Wu Xinghuo , Zhang Yukun , Yang Cao
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sequential correction using satellite rod in patients with severe rigid spinal deformity undergoing posterior-only PVCR.

Methods

19 patients with severe rigid spinal deformity who underwent PVCR at our center from January 2014 to December 2019 were reviewed. Radiographic measurements, including major coronal Cobb angle, kyphotic curve angle, coronal and sagittal balance were measured. Clinical results were noted, including the SRS-22 questionnaire, the Oswestry Disability Index score, and complications.

Results

Total 19 patients were followed at least 2 years. The mean coronal Cobb angle decreased from 122.7° ± 13.17° to 57.89° ± 8.65° postoperatively, and to 58.42° ± 8.98° at final follow-up. Correction rate is 52.8%. The kyphotic curve angle improved from 102.2° ± 17.05° preoperatively to 39.68° ± 13.67° postoperatively, and to 37.74° ± 12.14° at final follow-up. Correction rate is 61.2%. Compared to preoperative results, apex vertebral translation, ODI and SRS-22 were significantly improved at the final follow-up.

Conclusions

For patients with severe rigid spinal deformities, sequential correction with an auxiliary satellite rod can effectively reduce surgical difficulty and improve correction rate.
Using pseudo-absence models to test for environmental selection in marine movement ecology: the importance of sample size and selection strength
Authors: Pinti Jérôme , Shatley Matthew , Carlisle Aaron , Block Barbara A. , Oliver Matthew J.
Published: December 2022

Background

Understanding the selection of environmental conditions by animals requires knowledge of where they are, but also of where they could have been. Presence data can be accurately estimated by direct sampling, sightings, or through electronic tag deployments. However, absence data are harder to determine because absences are challenging to measure in an uncontrolled setting. To address this problem, ecologists have developed different methods for generating pseudo-absence data relying on theoretical movement models. These null models represent the movement of environmentally naive individuals, creating a set of locations that animals could have been if they were not exhibiting environmental selection.

Methods

Here, we use four different kinds of null animal movement models—Brownian motion, Lévy walks, Correlated random walks, and Joint correlated random walks to test the ability and power of each of these null movement models to serve as appropriate animal absence models. We use Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to detect environmental selection using two data sets, one of simulated animal tracks biased towards warmer sea surface temperatures, and one of 57 observed blue shark tracks of unknown sea surface temperature selection.

Results

The four different types of movement models showed minimal difference in the ability to serve as appropriate null models for environmental selection studies. Selection strength and sample size were more important in detecting true environmental selection. We show that this method can suffer from high false positive rates, especially in the case where animals are not selecting for specific environments. We provide estimates of test accuracy at different sample sizes and selection strengths to avoid false positives when using this method.

Conclusion

We show how movement models can be used to generate pseudo-absences and test for habitat selection in marine organisms. While this approach efficiently detects environmental selection in marine organisms, it cannot detect the underlying mechanisms driving this selection.
Linking the Community Health Fund with Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania: exploring potentials, pitfalls, and modalities
Authors: Dillip Angel , Kalolo Albino , Mayumana Iddy , Rutishauser Melina , Simon Vendelin T. , Obrist Brigit
Published: December 2022

Background

In low- and middle-income countries, too, public–private partnerships in health insurance schemes are crucial for improving access to health services. Problems in the public supply chain of medicines often lead to medicine stock-outs which then negatively influence enrolment in and satisfaction with health insurance schemes. To address this challenge, the government of Tanzania embarked on a redesign of the Community Health Fund (CHF) and established a Prime Vendor System (Jazia PVS). Informal and rural population groups, however, rely heavily on another public–private partnership, the Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs). This study takes up this public demand and explores the potentials, pitfalls, and modalities for linking the improved CHF (iCHF) with ADDOs.

Methods

This was a qualitative exploratory study employing different methods of data collection: in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews.

Results

Study participants saw a great potential for linking ADDOs with iCHF, following continuous community complaints about medicine stock-out challenges at public health facilities, a situation that also affects the healthcare staff’s working environment. The Jazia PVS was said to have improved the situation of medicine availability at public health facilities, although not fully measuring up to the challenge. Study participants thought linking ADDOs with the iCHF would not only improve access to medicine but also increase member enrolment in the scheme. The main pitfalls that may threaten this linkage include the high price of medicines at ADDOs that cannot be accommodated within the iCHF payment model and inadequate digital skills relevant for communication between iCHF and ADDOs. Participants recommended linking ADDOs with the iCHF by piloting the connection with a few ADDOs meeting the selected criteria, while applying similar modalities for linking private retail outlets with the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF).

Conclusions

As the government of Tanzania is moving toward the Single National Health Insurance Fund, there is a great opportunity to link the iCHF with ADDOs, building on established connections between the NHIF and ADDOs and the lessons learnt from the Jazia PVS. This study provides insights into the relevance of expanding public–private partnership in health insurance schemes in low- and middle-income countries.
A lower starting point for the medial cut increases the posterior slope in opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a cadaveric study
Authors: Erquicia Juan Ignacio , Gil-Gonzalez Sergi , Ibañez Maximiliano , Leal-Blanquet Joan , Combalia Andrés , Monllau Juan Carlos , Pelfort Xavier
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on the posterior tibial slope of different distances from the joint line to start the osteotomy and of varying the placement of the opening wedge in high tibial osteotomy.

Starting the osteotomy more distally and an incorrect location for the tibial opening wedge were hypothesized to increase the posterior tibial slope.

Methods

A cadaveric study was conducted using 12 knees divided into two groups based on the distance from the joint line to the start of the osteotomy: 3 and 4 cm. The preintervention posterior tibial slope was measured radiologically. Once the osteotomy was performed, the medial cortex of the tibia was divided into anteromedial, medial, and posteromedial thirds. A 10° opening wedge was sequentially placed in each third, and the effect on the posterior tibial slope was evaluated radiographically.

Results: Significant changes were observed only in the 3-cm group (p = 0.02) when the wedge was placed in the anteromedial zone. In contrast, in the 4-cm group, significant differences were observed when the opening wedge was placed at both the medial (p = 0.04) and anteromedial (p = 0.012) zones.

Conclusion

Correct control of the posterior tibial slope can be achieved by avoiding a low point when beginning the osteotomy and placing the opening wedge in the posteromedial third of the tibia when performing an opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy.

Level of evidence

Controlled laboratory study.
Myositis in Germany: epidemiological insights over 15 years from 2005 to 2019
Authors: Pawlitzki Marc , Acar Laura , Masanneck Lars , Willison Alice , Regner-Nelke Liesa , Nelke Christopher , L’hoest Helmut , Marschall Ursula , Schmidt Jens , Meuth Sven G. , Ruck Tobias
Published: December 2022

Background

The medical care of patients with myositis is a great challenge in clinical practice. This is due to the rarity of these disease, the complexity of diagnosis and management as well as the lack of systematic analyses.

Objectives

Therefore, the aim of this project was to obtain an overview of the current care of myositis patients in Germany and to evaluate epidemiological trends in recent years.

Methods

In collaboration with BARMER Insurance, retrospective analysis of outpatient and inpatient data from an average of approximately 8.7 million insured patients between January 2005 and December 2019 was performed using ICD-10 codes for myositis for identification of relevant data. In addition, a comparative analysis was performed between myositis patients and an age-matched comparison group from other populations insured by BARMER.

Results

45,800 BARMER-insured individuals received a diagnosis of myositis during the observation period, with a relatively stable prevalence throughout. With regard to comorbidities, a significantly higher rate of cardiovascular disease as well as neoplasm was observed compared to the control group within the BARMER-insured population. In addition, myositis patients suffer more frequently from psychiatric disorders, such as depression and somatoform disorders. However, the ICD-10 catalogue only includes the specific coding of “dermatomyositis” and “polymyositis” and thus does not allow for a sufficient analysis of all idiopathic inflammatory myopathies subtypes.

Conclusion

The current data provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of myositis in Germany, highlighting the multimorbidity of myositis patients. This underlines the need for multidisciplinary management. However, the ICD-10 codes currently still in use do not allow for specific analysis of the subtypes of myositis. The upcoming ICD-11 coding may improve future analyses in this regard.
A randomized controlled trial (PAMI trial) on our new trend periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique versus inframammary approach for minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Authors: El Adel Mohamed , Nady Mohamed Alaa , Amin Anwar , Khairy Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

Background

A minimally invasive approach has become standard for mitral valve surgery. The periareolar approach has grown in popularity regarding the cosmesis for patients. We have adopted a new modification to the periareolar approach: the periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique. The objectives of the current study are to test the hypothesis that the PAMI approach is more feasible and safer than the inframammary approach in addition to identify risk factors and assess outcomes of both periareolar and inframammary approach.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial of 3 months compared the PAMI technique to the inframammary approach for minimally invasive cardiac surgery.

Results

A total of 102 patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups: 53 received minimally invasive cardiac surgery through the periareolar approach, and 49 were the control group using the inframammary approach.

Using intention-to-treat analysis, the periareolar approach was superior to the inframammary approach in surgical site infection (two cases in comparison to 8 with P = 0.004), and the number needed to treat for effectiveness was 8.

No early deaths occurred, 97 cases (95.1%) needed no reoperation, and 5 cases (4.9%) were reopened for bleeding. The primary endpoints compared were the duration of procedure, duration of mechanical ventilation, amount of bleeding, ICU stay, and hospital stay. We found no statistically significant differences between the groups.

At 3 months, the secondary endpoints evaluated were the rate of surgical site infection, respiratory complications, groin complications, pericardial effusion, breast hematoma, and cosmoses using a Likert scale. We found no statistically significant difference between the groups, except for surgical site infection (P = 0.004) and cosmesis (P< 0.001).

Conclusions

The results of this PAMI trial are suggestive that the PAMI technique is most probably applicable for the right side of the heart, such as in atrial septal defect closure, tricuspid disease, and mitral valve surgery.

Trial registration

PAMI Trial NCT04726488 Registered January 27, 2021
Acne medication as a potential solution for slowing down the aging process – a systematic review
Authors: Luchowska Anna , Sroczyńska Monika , Żaczek Aleksandra
Published: December 2022

Introduction
One of the major challenges of the 21st century is the fight against aging. There are two main processes that induce skin aging: intrinsic and extrinsic, with sun exposure being the most damaging to the skin. A number of drugs have been used to prevent aging changes. It has been proposed that low dose oral isotretinoin could be administered as a safe and effective treatment for skin that has undergone photoaging changes.
 
Aim of the study
The aim of the study was to examine the potential efficacy of low dose oral isotretinoin in the antiaging therapy.
 
Materials and methods
A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were searched in English using the following key words: isotretinoin; low dose isotretinoin; aging; photoaging.
 
Results
There was an improvement in the overall appearance of the skin, regarding texture, wrinkles depth and skintone. Skin thickness, suppleness, and pore size improved. Both the number of collagen fibers and the density of elastic fibers increased in the statistically significant manner. Elastosis decreased, the thickness of the epidermis increased, and the stratum corneum diminished. Reduction of pigmented lesions and uneven hyperpigmentation was detected. With low-dose isotretinoin, side effects were absent or negligible, limited to minimal lip dryness.
 
Conclusion
The outcome of the literature review leeds to the conclusion that the use of low doses of oral isotretinoin seems to be a safe and effective treatment improving the effects of skin aging. The clinical, histological, and molecular characteristics of photodamaged skin can be alleviated. Isotretinoin is a promising drug in the antiaging therapy.
Designing Dealer Compensation in the Auto-Loan Market: Implications from a Policy Change
Authors: Jiang Zhenling , Wei Yanhao “Max” , Chan Tat , Hamdi Naser
Published: December 2022

We study dealer compensation in the indirect auto lending market that increases lender’s market share and protects consumers from potential discrimination.
Tight Guarantees for Static Threshold Policies in the Prophet Secretary Problem
Authors: Arnosti Nick , Ma Will
Published: December 2022

In the prophet secretary problem, n values are drawn independently from known distributions and presented in a uniformly random order. A decision maker must accept or reject each value when it is presented and may accept at most k values in total. The objective is to maximize the expected sum of accepted values. We analyze the performance of static threshold policies, which accept the first k values exceeding a fixed threshold (or all such values, if fewer than k exist). We show that an appropriate threshold guarantees [Formula: see text] times the value of the offline optimal solution. Note that [Formula: see text], and by Stirling’s approximation, [Formula: see text]. This represents the best-known guarantee for the prophet secretary problem for all k > 1 and is tight for all k for the class of static threshold policies. We provide two simple methods for setting the threshold. Our first method sets a threshold such that [Formula: see text] values are accepted in expectation, and offers an optimal guarantee for all k. Our second sets a threshold such that the expected number of values exceeding the threshold is equal to k. This approach gives an optimal guarantee if k > 4 but gives suboptimal guarantees for [Formula: see text]. Our proofs use a new result for optimizing sums of independent Bernoulli random variables, which extends a result of Hoeffding from 1956 and could be of independent interest.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2022.2419 .
Understanding the Career Management of Female Primary-Role Advisors
Authors: Solon Keira , McGill Craig M. , Jensen Daniel
Published: December 2022

In the United States, academic advising is among the highest turnover professions in the university system. Academic advisors, who work at the intersection of academics and student life, bear the brunt of increased pressures and decreased resources. Yet, primary-role advisors often do not experience high salaries or opportunities for advancement. Despite a high turnover in advising, some advisors have intentionally chosen to remain in advising. Framed by the social cognitive model of career self-management, this phenomenological study examined the workplace career management of female primary-role advisors at public institutions in the midwestern region of the United States. Through holistic coding, three primary factors emerged from the data: students, supportive environments, and balance and benefits. We offer implications for practice.
Critical Race Theory within Graduate Education: Connecting Theory with Practice
Authors: Yeung Melissa
Published: December 2022

Graduate enrollment patterns of students of color suggest that a gap in graduate enrollment persists between Black and Latinx students and White students despite an overall increase in enrollment. Graduate enrollment depends, in part, on student aspirations for graduate study, which is influenced by undergraduate student success and sense of belonging. Using a lens of Critical Race Theory, this paper seeks to explore the nature of undergraduate student experience and how it impacts aspiration to graduate study. It also provides a framework to facilitate equity-minded academic advising, providing a positive space for students of color to explore graduate aspirations.
What you need to know about gallstone disease
Authors: Finch Benjamin J , Robinson Paul D , Wakefield Christian H
Published: December 2022

Gallstone disease is becoming increasingly common in the UK, with one in six people developing gallstones and over 100 000 cholecystectomies being performed annually. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and, in the presence of fat in the stomach, releases bile into the duodenum to promote the emulsification and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the small bowel. Although most people with gallstones remain asymptomatic throughout their lifetime, approximately 20% go on to develop complications of varying severity, ranging from biliary colic to ascending cholangitis, which can be fatal if left untreated. Ultrasound is the most reliable investigation for confirming gallstone disease. Cholecystectomy provides definitive treatment of symptomatic disease and is usually offered as a laparoscopic, day-case procedure. This article explores the pathogenesis and management of gallstone disease.
What's new in the management of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy?
Authors: Lee Tara TM , Murphy Helen R
Published: December 2022

Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications for both mother and fetus. However, managing glycaemia during pregnancy to reduce these risks is challenging, owing to changes in insulin resistance with advancing gestation, as well as increased daily variation in insulin pharmacokinetics. These factors can add significant psychological and daily self-care burden to mothers during what may already be an anxious time. Increasingly, diabetes technologies are being used during pregnancy to improve and facilitate diabetes self-care. While these can be empowering for people with type 1 diabetes, careful consideration is required in relation to how and when these can be continued safely in the inpatient setting (including acute antenatal admissions, labour and delivery) and when extra support is required from adequately trained healthcare professionals. This article describes current forms of diabetes technologies used and the latest national guidance relating to the care of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy.
Optimal Trained Bi-Long Short Term Memory for Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis with Weighted Aspect Extraction
Authors: Nagelli Archana , Saleena B.
Published: December 2022

Sentiment analysis based on aspects seeks to anticipate the polarities of sentiment in specified targets related to the text data. Several studies have shown a strong interest in using an attention network to represent the target as well as context on generating an efficient representation of features used for tasks while sentiment classification. Still, the attention score computation of the target using an average vector for context is unequal. While the interaction mechanism is simplistic, it needs to be overhauled. Therefore, this paper intends to introduce a novel aspect-based sentiment analysis with three phases: (i) Preprocessing, (ii) Aspect Sentiment Extraction, (iii) Classification. Initially, the input data is given to the preprocessing phase, in which the tokenization, lemmatization, and stop word removal are performed. From the preprocessed data, the weighted implicit and weighted explicit extraction is determined in the Aspect Sentiment Extraction. Moreover, the weighted implicit aspect extraction is done by Stanford Dependency Passer (SDP) method, and the weighted explicit extraction is done through proposed Association Rule Mining (ARM). Subsequently, the extracted features are provided to the classification phase in which the Optimized Bi-LSTM is utilized. For making the classification more accurate and precise, it is planned to tune the weights of Bi-LSTM optimally. For this purpose, an Opposition Learning Cat and Mouse-Based Optimization (OLCMBO) Algorithm will be introduced in this work. In the end, the outcomes of the presented approach are calculated to the extant approaches with respect to different measures like F1-measure, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), accuracy, False Negative Rate (FNR), sensitivity, precision, False Positive Rate(FPR), and Matthew’s correlation coefficient, respectively.
A Defensive Framework for Reflected XSS in Client-Side Applications
Authors: Alenzi Khulud Fisal , Abbas Onytra Abbas Bashir
Published: December 2022

Cross-site scripting attack (XSS) is a common vulnerability that is exploited in modern web applications by entering advanced HTML tags and Java Script functions. An attacker could potentially use this vulnerability to steal users’ sensitive information, hijack user sessions or rewrite whole website contents displaying fake login forms. This class of attacks affects the client-side of a web application and is a critical vulnerability that is difficult to both detect and remediate for websites, often leading to insufficient server-side protection, which is why the end-users need an extra layer of protection at the client-side. In this paper, we analyze the best-known client-side XSS filters, study their mechanisms, structures and mentioned the advantages and disadvantages of each filter. This paper presents a novel XSS filtering model based on filtering rules, XSSFilter, uses Regular Expression in Xpath to detect reflected content, which makes it more robust for web sites that employ custom input sanitizations. We provide a detailed experimental evaluation to compare the four filters with respect to their usability and protection.
Estímulos e Bloqueios no Uso de Metodologias Ativas de Ensino
Authors: Diniz dos Santos Ricardo , Bonato Samuel , Lunardi Guilherme Lerch
Published: December 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar diferentes estímulos e bloqueios no uso de metodologias ativas (MAs) no ensino de Administração. A pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizada com 126 professores da área de Administração de nove instituições federais de ensino superior da região sul do Brasil. Os resultados apontaram a atitude docente quanto ao uso das MAs e o apoio da instituição (coordenação de curso) como os principais estímulos ao uso das MAs no ensino da Administração, enquanto a formação dos docentes destacou-se como o principal bloqueio a sua utilização. Complementarmente, os professores relataram um aumento na carga de trabalho docente em atividades de planejamento, organização e no desenvolvimento de atividades relacionadas às MAs, embora este fator não tenha se mostrado significativo para que o professor deixasse de utilizar essas metodologias em suas aulas, devendo, entretanto, ser identificadas formas de amenizar esse esforço. Espera-se que a pesquisa auxilie professores e gestores de Instituições de Ensino em relação ao uso de Metodologias Ativas no ensino de Administração, assim como no ensino de uma forma mais ampla.
Influence of Critical Synthesis Parameters and Precursor Stabilization on the Development of Adhesive Strength in Fructose–HMF–Amine Adhesives*
Authors: Sailer-Kronlachner Wilfried , Rosenfeld Catherine , Konnerth Johannes , Van Herwijnen Hendrikus
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of an adhesive composed of fructose, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and bishexamethylene triamine was optimized. The intended application of the adhesive is the production of wood composites such as particleboard or medium-density fiberboard. Adhesives synthesized using HMF-rich precursors produced in continuous and batch systems were compared in regard to their tensile shear strength development; no significant differences could be found. The use of sodium dithionite for HMF stabilization during precursor production led to lower resin viscosities, whereas no significant influence on the adhesive strength development was measured. Variation of the critical synthesis parameters' reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere allowed the production of an adhesive with similar or even faster strength development than commercially used urea–formaldehyde adhesives. The ideal reaction temperature was found to be 60°C. Adhesive synthesis under nitrogen atmosphere shifts the curing reaction to lower temperatures, which was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, but did not improve the overall strength development of the adhesive system.
Evaluation of Vestibular Function in Sleep Disorders
Authors: Bae Hyoeun , Kim Jae Rim , Jo Hyunjin , Joo Eun Yeon
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate dizziness in patients with sleep disorders, objectively identify vestibular function through the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) using the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), and evaluate the association between these findings.Methods: Among the patients who visited the sleep clinic from June to October 2021, 69 who underwent both polysomnography (PSG) and vHIT were included. Participants completed questionnaires including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The subjects were classified into four groups: insomnia (n=4), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (n=13), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (n=34), and RBD and OSAS (n=18). Moderate to severe OSAS (n=49) was compared with no OSAS and mild OSAS (n=20).Results: In comparison of the four groups according to sleep disorders, the OSAS patients showed the highest DHI scores and the lowest VOR gain, but statistical significance was not found. Although all VOR gains were within the normal range, the VOR gain of the left posterior semicircular canal was significantly lower in the moderate to severe OSA group than in the no OSA and mild OSA groups (1.02±0.18 vs. 0.94±0.10, p=0.019). DHI total scores showed no correlation with VOR gain but showed a positive correlation with ISI (r=0.422, p=0.001) and PSQI (r=0.287, p=0.022). Among PSG parameters, lowest oxygen saturation (SaO2) and percentage of time with SaO2 less than 90% were correlated with the emotional score of DHI (r=-0.245, p=0.043 and r=0.311, p=0.010, respectively).Conclusions: Although our study could not objectively confirm vestibular dysfunction in patients with sleep disorders, we found that subjective sleep complaints were associated with dizziness and hypoxic conditions during sleep were associated with emotional aspects of dizziness. This suggests that the treatment of concomitant sleep disorders may improve dizziness.
The Grey Zone in Multiple Sleep Latency Test for Diagnosis of Narcolepsy: A Survey of Korean Neurologist
Authors: Im Hee-Jin , Hong Yooha , Cho Jae Wook , Sunwoo Jun-Sang , Kim Daeyoung , Koo Dae Lim , Yim Soo Hwan , Kim Hyeyun , Kim Kyung Min , Jung Yu Jin , Yang Kwang Ik ,   On behalf of the Korean Sleep Research Society
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Clinicians often depend on the results of the the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) for diagnosing narcolepsy, but the diagnosis can be confusing when there is a co-existence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study is aimed to address the diagnostic tendency and the strategies of treatment for narcolepsy and other hypersomnia in the grey zone.Methods: We performed a web-based survey of Korean neurologists who were interested in narcolepsy and had experience with sleep studies.Results: The results of this survey present their concerns according to the severity of comorbid OSA in analyzing the results of the MSLT.Conclusions: This study also might help by providing the opinions of experienced Korean neurologists for the assessment and management of excessive daytime sleepiness.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Glymphatic System in the Human Brain
Authors: Lee Ho-Joon , Park Kang Min
Published: December 2022

Our conventional understanding of fluid transport across the brain has significantly changed over the last decade after introduction of the concept of the glymphatic system and discovery of meningeal lymphatics. The glymphatic system is not a true anatomical structure but merely a functional system for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid exchange, whereby the CSF enters the brain through the periarterial space. This movement is driven by a few potential driver mechanisms. The CSF thereafter travels to the interstitium facilitated by aquaporin 4 channels in the astrocytic end feet and subsequently through the interstitium via diffusion and convection/advection and finally exits through the perivenous space. In this review, we describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that have been used or may potentially be useful to analyze the glymphatic system, together with a brief summary and discussion of limitations. MRI, a widely used clinical modality, may potentially provide deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of various diseases based on the concept of the glymphatic system.
Machine learning assisted BOFDA for simultaneous temperature and strain sensing in a standard optical fiber
Authors: Karapanagiotis Christos , Hicke Konstantin , Krebber Katerina
Published: December 2022

We report, to our knowledge for the first time on simultaneous distributed temperature and strain sensing in a standard telecom optical fiber using a machine learning assisted Brillouin frequency domain analysis (BOFDA) system. The well-known temperature and strain cross-sensitivity problem is addressed by developing a BOFDA system with a high signal-to-noise ratio and applying machine learning. The spectrum consists of four highly resolved peaks, whose Brillouin frequency shifts are extracted and serve as features for the machine learning algorithms. The spectra result from a 450-m standard SMF-28 optical fiber, and particularly from a segment of 30 m. This fiber segment is coiled around a stretcher and placed in a climate chamber. The applied temperature and strain values range from 20 °C to 40 °C and from 0 µɛ to 1380 µɛ, respectively. The total measurement time to achieve a high SNR and resolve four peaks with a spatial resolution of 6 m is 16 min. To discriminate temperature and strain effects, simple frequentist and more sophisticated Bayesian-based algorithms are employed with the powerful Gaussian process regression (GPR) delivering the best performance in terms of temperature and strain errors, which are found to be 2 °C and 45 µɛ, respectively. These errors are calculated using leave-one-out cross-validation, so that an unbiased estimation of the sensor’s performance is provided.
Alternative deep learning method for fast spatial-frequency shift imaging microscopy
Authors: Zhang Qianwei , Liang Chenhui , Tang Mingwei , Yang Xiaoyu , Lin Muchun , Han Yubing , Liu Xu , Yang Qing
Published: December 2022

Spatial-frequency shift (SFS) imaging microscopy can break the diffraction limit of fluorescently labeled and label-free samples by transferring the high spatial-frequency information into the passband of microscope. However, the resolution improvement is at the cost of decreasing temporal resolution since dozens of raw SFS images are needed to expand the frequency spectrum. Although some deep learning methods have been proposed to solve this problem, no neural network that is compatible to both labeled and label-free SFS imaging has been proposed. Here, we propose the joint spatial-Fourier channel attention network (JSFCAN), which learns the general connection between the spatial domain and Fourier frequency domain from complex samples. We demonstrate that JSFCAN can achieve a resolution similar to the traditional algorithm using nearly 1/4 raw images and increase the reconstruction speed by two orders of magnitude. Subsequently, we prove that JSFCAN can be applied to both fluorescently labeled and label-free samples without architecture changes. We also demonstrate that compared with the typical spatial domain optimization network U-net, JSFCAN is more robust to deal with deep-SFS images and noisy images. The proposed JSFCAN provides an alternative route for fast SFS imaging reconstruction, enabling future applications for real-time living cell research.
Antenatal screenings and maternal diagnosis among pregnant women in Sao Tome & Principe—Missed opportunities to improve neonatal health: A hospital-based study
Authors: Vasconcelos Alexandra , Sousa Swasilanne , Bandeira Nelson , Alves Marta , Papoila Ana Luísa , Pereira Filomena , Machado Maria Céu
Published: December 2022

Newborn mortality and adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) in Sao Tome & Príncipe (STP) are overwhelmingly high, and access to quality-antenatal care (ANC) is one of the strategies to tackle it. This study aimed to fill the gaps in ANC screenings with a focus on how to improve neonatal outcomes. We conducted a retrospective hospital-based study in which ANC pregnancy cards were reviewed. Screenings were described and compared according to the total number of ANC contacts: 1–3 (inadequate), 4–7 (adequate), and ≥8 (complete). The collected data were entered into QuickTapSurvey and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value ≤0.05. A total of 511 ANC pregnancy cards were reviewed. Mothers’ mean age was 26.6 (SD = 7.1), 51.7% had a first trimester early booking, 14.9% (76) had 1–3 ANC contacts, 46.4% (237) had 4–7 and 38.7% (198) ≥8. Screening absence was found in 24%-41%, lack of money was registered in 36%. Pregnant women had no screening performed for HIV in 4.5%, syphilis in 8.8%, HBV 39.3%, malaria 25.8%, hemoglobin 24.5%, blood glucose 45.4%, urine 29.7%, stool exams 27.8% and 41.1% had no ultrasound. Screening completion for blood group, HIV, malaria, urine, hemoglobin, and coproparasitological exam were found to have a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) for the complete ANC group when compared to other groups. Antenatal problems identified were: 1) bacteriuria (43.2%); 2) maternal anemia (37%); 3) intestinal parasitic infections (59.2%); 4) sickle cell solubility test positive (13%); and 5) a RhD-negative phenotype (5.8%). Missed-ANC treatments were up to 50%. This study reveals a coverage-quality gap in STP since no pregnant woman is left without ANC contact, although most still miss evidence-based screenings with an impact on neonatal outcomes. Strategies such as implementing a total free ANC screening package in STP would enhance maternal diagnosis and prompt treatments.