bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Biomimetic Metal Phenolates
Authors: Tamasi Gabriella , Cini Renzo
Published: September 2017

The review reports and critically comments on articles mostly published during the period 2012–2015, relevant to phenolate‐containing metal complexes, in the following fields: (i) antioxidants and O2activation (Section III; copper complexes as models for amine oxidase and phenol‐like antioxidants from the OXICAM family of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory therapeutics), and (ii) efficient hydrolysis of phosphate diester bonds (Section IV). Remarkably, the review includes several other tasks grouped in Section V about phenolic chelators of iron, models for halophenol scavenger systems, phenols and their metal complexes designed for DNA cleavage, and synthesis of phenolate–metal complexes via radical reactions. The comments focus on the synthesis of complexes and their structural aspects, on spectroscopy, on reaction mechanisms, on computational analyses, and on biological implications of the compounds.
Stable Hydrazyls and Push–Pull (Capto‐Dative) Aminyl Free Radicals
Authors: Balaban Alexandru T.
Published: September 2017

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is at present the preferred method for studying free radicals. Push–pull aminyls show exceptional stability, which is explained satisfactorily by Linnett's double‐quartet theory in terms of electronic spin. Stable hydrazyls such as 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐cyanohydrazyl can actually be viewed as push–pull aminyls. A consequence of Linnett's theory is the increased bond order for the NN bond in hydrazyls, which is confirmed experimentally by X‐ray crystallography and the high intramolecular rotation barrier. For aminyls and hydrazyls whose nitrogen center is not part of a ring, this survey lists the variety of electron donors and electron acceptors known so far.
Fleet Street
Authors: Bromley Michael
Published: September 2017

Running between the Strand and Ludgate Circus in London, Fleet Street is synonymous with the national newspaper industry of the United Kingdom. Though from the mid‐1980s all the major newspaper offices were relocated, the name was still used to denote this type of newspaper and journalism. The most common explanation for this synergy was that since its development in the fourteenth century Fleet Street has connected the City of London with the City of Westminster, and thus governmental, financial, and commercial activities – traditionally staple sources of news.
Synthesis of Spiroindolenines via Regioselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of N‐Propargyl Tryptamines
Authors: Magné Valentin , Marinetti Angela , Gandon Vincent , Voituriez Arnaud , Guinchard Xavier
Published: September 2017

N‐Propargyl tryptamines bearing N‐substituents such as propargyl, allyl, alkyl or benzyl groups undergo regioselective gold‐catalyzed cyclizations to the corresponding spiroindolenines, while it was previously shown that N‐sulfonyl‐N‐propargyl tryptamines lead to achiral azepino[4,5‐b]indoles. An asymmetric approach to these spiroindolenines is disclosed using chiral gold complexes, leading to enantiomeric ratios up to 84/16. The spiroindolenines could be late‐stage functionalized using Huisgen cyclizations, palladium‐catalyzed cross couplings or reductions. Computational studies show that the reaction evolves via different mechanistic pathways depending on the nature of the substituent at the amine.

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Recent Advances in C–B Bond Formation through a Free Radical Pathway
Authors: Yan Guobing , Huang Dayun , Wu Xiangmei
Published: September 2017

The development of a methodology for the preparation of arylboronic acids or arylboronates is of significant interest to organic chemists. Classical synthetic methods to prepare these organoboron compounds are based on the reaction of Grignard or lithium reagents with trialkyl borates. In the past few decades, the transition‐ metal‐catalyzed borylation of aryl halides, or pseudohalides, and C–H bonds of hydrocarbons has been a powerful tool for the synthesis of arylboronates in modern organic synthesis. These transformations are generally considered to proceed via organometallic intermediates generated by oxidative addition or transmetalation processes from the boron reagent. Several reviews on this type of borylation catalyzed by transition metals have been published in the literature. Interestingly, there has been a novel recognition that the boron reagent can participate in free‐radical coupling via the homolytic cleavage of the boron‐boron bond in recent years. In this review, recent advances in this new area of boron chemistry are summarized and the reaction mechanisms are also discussed.

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Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Aminoindanes via C−H Activation
Authors: Han Sang Hoon , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Jeon Mijin , Kim Saegun , Kim Hyung Sik , Jung Seung‐Young , Jung Young Hoon , Ku Jin‐Mo , Kim In Su
Published: September 2017

The rhodium(III)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction between N‐sulfonyl aldimines and various olefins such as maleimides, fumarates, maleates, α,β‐unsaturated ketones, acrylate and nitroalkenes is described. This transformation efficiently leads to the diastereoselective synthesis of pharmacologically privileged 1‐aminoindane derivatives via the C−H alkylation followed by subsequent intramolecular cyclization. Notably, single diastereomers in all cases were observed, and the relative stereochemistry of products was confirmed by the X‐ray crystallographic data.

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Genetically modified labeling: The role of consumers’ trust and personality
Authors: DeLong Karen Lewis , Grebitus Carola
Published: September 2017

Despite the USDA’s genetically modified (GM) regulatory approval process, many U.S. consumers still want GM foods labeled. Therefore, this research identifies how individuals’ trust in the ability of institutions to ensure the safety of food, their personality, and their demographics affects their desire for GM foods to be labeled. A survey was administered to 566 consumers to elicit their desire for GM labeling of sugar and sugar in soft drinks. Results of a bivariate ordered probit model suggest that less conscientious individuals, males, and individuals who have a greater trust in food manufacturers and the government to ensure the safety of food are less likely to desire GM labeling. Cluster analysis further identified market segments of individuals based on their level of desire for GM labeling. Results are informative to policy makers and GM technology participants. [EconLit Citations: Q18]
Pathways to Housing Policy: Translating Research to Policy to Achieve Impact on Well Being
Authors: Samuels Bryan
Published: September 2017

Highlights

Emphasizes how research on housing and child well being has influenced policy and practice.

Discusses structuring research to more effectively assist policymakers.

Examines pathways that influenced the development of housing policy targeting child and family well being.
Reducing Disparities in Cancer Screening and Prevention through Community‐Based Participatory Research Partnerships with Local Libraries: A Comprehensive Dynamic Trial
Authors: Rapkin Bruce D. , Weiss Elisa , Lounsbury David , Michel Tamara , Gordon Alexis , Erb‐Downward Jennifer , Sabino‐Laughlin Eilleen , Carpenter Alison , Schwartz Carolyn E. , Bulone Linda , Kemeny Margaret
Published: September 2017

Highlights

Community‐based participatory research project.

Worked with the public library system to undertake programs to address cancer screening and risk behavior.

Implemented in 20 large urban neighborhoods over 48 months.

Event‐history regressions (n = 9374) showed adherence outcomes were linked with program implementation.

Intervention impacted health behavior in diverse underserved and vulnerable neighborhoods.
Triploid twin gestation with single fetal demise associated with partial mole and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Okumura Maria , Fushida Koji , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Schultz Regina , Zugaib Marcelo
Published: September 2017

Both partial mole and twin gestation are conditions associated with the risk of the early onset of pre‐eclampsia. In cases of twin gestation, the death or selective termination of a severely growth‐restricted fetus may lead to the reversal of maternal pre‐eclampsia because of the involution or death of the pathological placenta, as has been reported by some authors. This case demonstrates that in a twin triploid gestation, in spite of the demise of one of the fetuses, the respective partial molar placenta can continue to grow and may contribute to the development or to the worsening of the pre‐eclampsia.
Ether auf Si(001): Ein Paradebeispiel für die Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen Oberflächenwissenschaften und organischer Molekülchemie
Authors: Pecher Lisa , Laref Slimane , Raupach Marc , Tonner Ralf
Published: September 2017

Wir zeigen mit quantenchemischen Methoden, dass sich die Adsorption von Ether‐Molekülen auf Si(001) im Ultrahochvakuum durch klassische Konzepte der organischen Molekülchemie verstehen lässt. Wie unsere detaillierte Analyse zeigt, spiegelt der zweistufige Mechanismus – 1) Ausbildung einer dativen Bindung zwischen dem Sauerstoffatom am Ether und einem Lewis‐sauren Oberflächenatom, 2) nukleophiler Angriff eines nahegelegenen Lewis‐basischen Oberflächenatoms – die säurekatalysierte Etherspaltung in Lösung wider. Zudem ist die dative O‐Si‐Bindung die stärkste ihrer Art und die Reaktivität in Schritt 2 verläuft entgegen dem Bell‐Evans‐Polanyi‐Prinzip. Mithilfe einer neuartigen Methode der Bindungsanalyse wird außerdem die Umverteilung von Elektronendichte während des C‐O‐Bindungsbruchs visualisiert. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass der Mechanismus nukleophiler Substitutionen auf Halbleiteroberflächen identisch zu molekularen SN2‐Reaktionen ist. Unsere Untersuchungen verdeutlichen, wie die Forschungsfelder der Oberflächenwissenschaften und Molekülchemie voneinander profitieren können und so unerwartete Einblicke ermöglichen.
The Thermodynamic Basis of the Fuzzy Interaction of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein
Authors: Hadži San , Mernik Andrej , Podlipnik Črtomir , Loris Remy , Lah Jurij
Published: September 2017

Many intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) that fold upon binding retain conformational heterogeneity in IDP‐target complexes. The thermodynamics of such fuzzy interactions is poorly understood. Herein we introduce a thermodynamic framework, based on analysis of ITC and CD spectroscopy data, that provides experimental descriptions of IDP association in terms of folding and binding contributions which can be predicted using sequence folding propensities and molecular modeling. We show how IDP can modulate the entropy and enthalpy by adapting their bound‐state structural ensemble to achieve optimal binding. This is explained in terms of a free‐energy landscape that provides the relationship between free‐energy, sequence folding propensity, and disorder. The observed “fuzzy” behavior is possible because of IDP flexibility and also because backbone and side‐chain interactions are, to some extent, energetically decoupled allowing IDP to minimize energetically unfavorable folding.
Ethers on Si(001): A Prime Example for the Common Ground between Surface Science and Molecular Organic Chemistry
Authors: Pecher Lisa , Laref Slimane , Raupach Marc , Tonner Ralf
Published: September 2017

By using computational chemistry it has been shown that the adsorption of ether molecules on Si(001) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions can be understood with classical concepts of organic chemistry. Detailed analysis of the two‐step reaction mechanism—1) formation of a dative bond between the ether oxygen atom and a Lewis acidic surface atom and 2) nucleophilic attack of a nearby Lewis basic surface atom—shows that it mirrors acid‐catalyzed ether cleavage in solution. The O−Si dative bond is the strongest of its kind, and the reactivity in step 2 defies the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle. Electron rearrangement during C−O bond cleavage has been visualized with a newly developed method for analyzing bonding, which shows that the mechanism of nucleophilic substitutions on semiconductor surfaces is identical to molecular SN2 reactions. Our findings illustrate how surface science and molecular chemistry can mutually benefit from each other and unexpected insight can be gained.
Dynamic Molecular Invasion into a Multiply Interlocked Catenane
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Itoh Ryohei , Ogino Sayaka , Kato Tatsuhisa , Tanaka Kentaro
Published: September 2017

A multiply interlocked catenane with a novel molecular topology was synthesized; a phthalocyanine bearing four peripheral crown ethers was quadruply interlocked with a cofacial porphyrin dimer bridged with four alkylammonium chains. The supramolecular conjugate has two nanospaces surrounded by a porphyrin, a phthalocyanine, and four alkyl chains to accommodate guest molecules. Because the phthalocyanine can move along the alkyl chains, it acts as an adjustable wall, thus permitting the invasion of large molecules into the nanospaces without spoiling the affinity of the association. The dynamic molecular invasion allowed the intercalation of dianionic porphyrins into both nanospaces with high affinity. A photometric titration experiment revealed the two‐step inclusion phenomenon. The multiply interlocked catenane complexed with three Cu2+ ions, and the spin–spin interaction was switched off by the intercalation of dianionic porphyrins.
Amelioration of H4[W12SiO40] by nanomagnetic heterogenization: For the synthesis of 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazinedione derivatives
Authors: Arora Priya , Rajput Jaspreet Kaur
Published: September 2017

We conveniently coated silicotungstic acid (STA, H4[W12SiO40]) on amino‐functionalized Si–magnetite nanoparticles, as surface functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles is an excellent way for green and efficient catalysis. The nanoparticles were structurally characterized using various techniques. The catalytic activity and recyclability of the STA–amine–Si–magnetite nanoparticles were probed through synthesis of 1H–pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazinedione derivatives. The reaction proceeds smoothly to provide products in excellent yields and short reaction times. The catalyst could be readily recovered using a simple external magnet and reused several times without any significant loss in activity. Herein, we report a comparison of the activity of H4[W12SiO40] as a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst, the latter being found to be more efficient. The findings offer effective methods for environmentally friendly synthesis of pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazinedione derivatives.
An expedient ‘click’ approach for the synthetic evaluation of ester‐triazole‐tethered organosilica conjugates
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Rani Sunita
Published: September 2017

The present work articulates the synthesis of a new series of organo‐functionalized triethoxysilanes derived from versatile carboxylic acids and 3‐azidopropyltriethoxysilane in excellent yields. A proficient and convenient route implicating the Cu(I)‐catalysed 1,3‐cycloaddition of organic azide with terminal alkynes, labelled as click silylation, has been developed for the generation of ester‐triazole‐linked alkoxysilanyl scaffolds (4a–f). All the synthesized compounds have been thoroughly characterized using elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. Importantly, the fabricated alkoxysilanes are potentially amenable for an in situ sol–gel condensation reaction with silica nanospheres leading to the incorporation of organic functionality via covalent grafting onto the nanostructured particle system. As a proof of concept, a one‐pot preparation of organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles is presented using bis‐silane 4 f. The efficiency and selectivity of the prepared nanocomposite towards metal ions is highlighted using adsorption experiments, and the immobilized nanoparticles present a high sensing efficiency towards Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions while demonstrating better response than that of the bulk material.
Synthesis of novel allyl palladium complexes bearing purine based NHC and a water soluble phosphine and their catalytic activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling in water
Authors: Scattolin Thomas , Canovese Luciano , Visentin Fabiano , Paganelli Stefano , Canton Patrizia , Demitri Nicola
Published: September 2017

We have synthesized and fully characterized some novel allyl palladium complexes stabilized by mixed spectator ligands, namely the water soluble sodium 3,3′,3″‐phosphinetriyltribenzenesulfonate, (TPPTS) and three carbenes derived from differently alkylated natural xanthines. In order to explore their potential applications we have tested their catalytic activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of para‐bromoacetophenone with phenyl boronic acid, chosen as standard reaction. Only one of the complexes under study displays a remarkable stability in water and catalytic activity. We have therefore undertaken a catalytic investigation. These results are reported in the present paper together with the solid state structural characterization of a silver precursor of the palladium allyl complexes.
Co (II)‐C12 alkyl carbon chain multi‐functional ionic liquid immobilized on nano‐SiO2 nano‐SiO2@CoCl3‐C12IL as an efficient cooperative catalyst for C–H activation by direct acylation of aryl halides with aldehydes
Authors: Hu Yu Lin , Wu Ya Pan , Lu Ming
Published: September 2017

Nano‐silica supported ionic liquids composed of alkyl carbon chain and transition metal chlorides anions have been prepared and successfully applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in the direct aldehyde C‐H activation. Catalytic results indicated that nano‐SiO2 supported ionic liquid consisting C12 alkyl carbon chain and CoCl3 anion nano‐SiO2@CoCl3‐C12IL showed excellent catalytic properties with good to excellent yields towards the desired aryl ketones. The excellent recyclability of the supported catalyst, mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, and operational simplicity are the important features of this methodology.
Influence of adsorbed and nonadsorbed polymer additives on the viscosity of magnesium oxide suspensions
Authors: Murray Lisa R. , Bice Jason E. , Soltys Emily G. , Perge Christophe , Manneville Sébastien , Erk Kendra A.
Published: September 2017

Adsorbed polymer additives have been employed to reduce water content and improve cement workability through lowering viscosity, but the influence of over‐dosage and the presence of nonadsorbed chains have yet to be fully understood. Model magnesium oxide (MgO) suspensions were used to investigate the potential processing effect of “free” chain concentration on cementitious mixtures. The rheological impact of the free chains was measured through incorporation of nonadsorbing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to suspensions stabilized with an adsorbed comb‐polymer superplasticizer. Analyses of the rheological data, that showed viscosity‐increases and viscosity‐reduction due to free PEG concentrations revealed a transition from depletion flocculation to depletion stabilization that contributed to the flow properties of the suspensions. The viscosity‐reduction observed for high concentrations of free chains may be useful for improved mixing of cements with free polymer in addition to the adsorbed polycarboxylate ether‐based superplasticizer. Additionally, the influence of free PEG on the macroscale flow behavior was also examined through local velocity measurements under shear. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 45696.
Sum‐of‐Squares‐Based Finite‐Time Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of Uncertain Polynomial Systems With Input Nonlinearities
Authors: Mardani Mohammad Mehdi , Vafamand Navid , Shokrian Zeini Mostafa , Shasadeghi Mokhtar , Khayatian Alireza
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes a novel adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) for a class of polynomial systems comprising uncertain terms and input nonlinearities. In this approach, a new polynomial sliding surface is proposed and designed based on the sum‐of‐squares (SOS) decomposition. In the proposed method, an adaptive control law is derived such that the finite‐time reachability of the state trajectories in the presence of input nonlinearity and uncertainties is guaranteed. To do this, it is assumed that the uncertain terms are bounded and the input nonlinearities belong to sectors with positive slope parameters. However, the bound of the uncertain terms is unknown and adaptation law is proposed to effectively estimate the uncertainty bounds. Furthermore, based on a novel polynomial Lyapunov function, the finite‐time convergence of the sliding surface to a pre‐chosen small neighborhood of the origin is guaranteed. To eliminate the time derivatives of the polynomial terms in the stability analysis conditions, the SOS variables of the Lyapunov matrix are optimally selected. In order to show the merits and the robust performance of the proposed controller, chaotic Chen system is provided. Numerical simulation results demonstrate chattering reduction in the proposed approach and the high accuracy in estimating the unknown parameters.
Distributed Consensus‐Based Optimization of Multiple Load Aggregators for Secondary Frequency Control
Authors: Tang Qian , Zhou Hong , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Deng Qi‐Jun
Published: September 2017

Responsive loads can act as spinning reserve which is incorporated with the conventional AGC units for the improvement of frequency reliability. In this paper, a distributed consensus‐based optimal strategy of responsive load aggregators and AGC units is presented to provide secondary frequency control in the power system. Specifically, two‐step optimal model is proposed. In the first step, Lambda‐Iteration method is used to yield the total active power command for load group and AGC group. In the second step, the distributed optimal algorithm with θ‐logarithmic barrier cost function is proposed to allocate the active power command to multiple load aggregators and AGC units while guaranteeing consensus among individual incremental costs. In achievement of such a consensus, two virtual pinners are utilized to generate the regulation signal only shared with a part of load aggregators and AGC units, respectively. Moreover, the communication topology among load aggregators is a strongly connected digraph, the same as to the AGC units. Finally, simulation results show that the system frequency can be greatly improved, while the total cost of the whole system can be minimized with both equality and inequality constraints.
Robust Control of Discrete‐time Singular Systems via Integral Sliding Surface
Authors: Bai Jianjun , Lu Renquan , Wu Zhengguang , Zhang Ridong , Zhao Xiaodong , Xue Anke
Published: September 2017

In this paper, the sliding mode control for a class of uncertain discrete‐time singular system with
performance constraint is studied. By taking the singular matrix E into consideration, a new type of integral sliding mode surface is firstly introduced, based on which a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the sliding mode dynamics admissible with a given γ‐level disturbance attenuation of the unmatched disturbance. A controller law is also given to keep the system trajectory staying in a neighborhood of the ideal sliding surface. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Vorgespannte Holztürme für Windkraftanlagen
Authors: Gräfe Martin , Bert Christopher , Winter Stefan
Published: September 2017

Im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens an der TU München wurde eine optimierte Bauweise für Windkrafttürme aus Brettsperrholz entwickelt. Der Turmschaft besteht dabei aus Brettsperrholzplatten in straßentransportfähigen Abmessungen, welche in einer Taktstation am Boden zu vieleckigen Turmabschnitten zusammengefügt und anschließend als vorgefertigte ringförmige Elemente vertikal zu einem Turm verbunden werden. Die horizontalen Verbindungen werden über formschlüssige Kontaktstöße realisiert. Biegezugspannungen in Turmlängsrichtung, vor allem infolge von Windeinwirkungen, werden durch dauerhaft wirksame vertikale Vorspannkräfte überdrückt.

Anhand eines Beispielturms mit 100 m Nabenhöhe wurden alle Bauzustände, die Tragfähigkeit und das Langzeitverhalten rechnerisch untersucht. Die Spannkraftverluste sind beherrschbar und liegen nicht wesentlich höher als bei vergleichbaren vertikal vorgespannten Türmen in Spannbetonbauweise.
Relationship altered between functional T1ρ and BOLD signals in bipolar disorder
Authors: Shaffer Joseph J. , Johnson Casey P. , Long Jeffrey D. , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Christensen Gary E. , Wemmie John A. , Magnotta Vincent A.
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Functional neuroimaging typically relies on the blood‐oxygen‐level–dependent (BOLD) contrast, which is sensitive to the influx of oxygenated blood following neuronal activity. A new method, functional T1 relaxation in the rotating frame (fT1ρ) is thought to reflect changes in local brain metabolism, likely pH, and may more directly measure neuronal activity. These two methods were applied to study activation of the visual cortex in participants with bipolar disorder as compared to controls.

Methods

Thirty‐nine participants with bipolar disorder and 32 healthy controls underwent functional neuroimaging during a flashing checkerboard paradigm. Functional images were acquired in alternating blocks of BOLD and fT1ρ. Linear mixed‐effect models were used to examine the relationship between these two functional imaging modalities and to test whether that relationship was altered in bipolar disorder.

Results

BOLD and fT1ρ signal were strongly related in visual and cerebellar areas during the task in controls. The relationship between these two measures was reduced in bipolar disorder within the visual areas, cerebellum, striatum, and thalamus.

Conclusions

These results support a distinct mechanisms underlying BOLD and fT1ρ signals. The weakened relationship between these imaging modalities may provide a novel tool for measuring pathology in bipolar disorder and other psychiatric illnesses.
Quantitative muscle ultrasound is useful for evaluating secondary axonal degeneration in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Hokkoku Keiichi , Matsukura Kiyoshi , Uchida Yudai , Kuwabara Midori , Furukawa Yuichi , Tsukamoto Hiroshi , Hatanaka Yuki , Sonoo Masahiro
Published: September 2017

Introduction

In chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), exclusion of secondary axonal degeneration is challenging with conventional methods such as nerve conduction study (NCS), needle electromyography, and nerve biopsy. Increased echo intensity (EI) and decreased muscle thickness (MT) identified on muscle ultrasound (MUS) examination represent muscle denervation due to axonal degeneration in neurogenic disorders, suggesting MUS as a new tool to detect secondary axonal degeneration in patients with CIDP.

Methods

EI and MT of abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and first dorsal interosseous muscles were measured in 16 CIDP patients. Raw values were converted into z‐scores using data from 60 normal controls (NCs).

Results

Six of 45 muscles showed abnormally high EI and low MT, suggesting denervation following secondary axonal degeneration. These six muscles belonged to two patients with long disease history, unresponsiveness to treatment, and long interval from onset to initial therapy. There were no significant differences in EI and MT (p = .23 and .67, respectively) between the CIDP and NC groups, although NCS results revealed obvious demyelinating abnormalities in all CIDP patients, suggesting the fact that muscle structures will be preserved, and EI and MT will not change unless secondary axonal degeneration occurs in CIDP.

Conclusion

MUS is a promising tool for evaluating secondary axonal degeneration in patients with CIDP.
Diversion at re‐entry using criminogenic CBT: Review and prototypical program development
Authors: Heilbrun Kirk , Pietruszka Victoria , Thornewill Alice , Phillips Sarah , Schiedel Rebecca
Published: September 2017

Society and the criminal justice system prioritize the reduction of reoffending risk as part of any criminal justice intervention. The Sequential Intercept Model identifies five points of interception at which justice‐involved individuals can be diverted into a more rehabilitative alternative: (1) law enforcement/emergency services; (2) booking/initial court hearings; (3) jails/courts; (4) re‐entry; and (5) community corrections/community support. The present article focuses on diversion as part of Intercept 5 – re‐entry planning and specialized services in the community. We describe the challenges associated with diversion at this stage, and review the relevant research. Next, we describe a “criminogenic cognitive behavioral therapy” project that has been developed and implemented as part of a federal re‐entry court. Finally, we discuss the implications of the challenges of intervention at this stage, and the recently developed “Re‐entry Project,” for research, policy, and practice.
Validation of the American Joint Commission on Cancer (8th edition) changes for patients with stage III gastric cancer: survival analysis of a large series from a Specialized Eastern Center
Authors: Lu Jun , Zheng Chao‐Hui , Cao Long‐Long , Ling Shao‐Wei , Li Ping , Xie Jian‐Wei , Wang Jia‐Bin , Lin Jian‐Xian , Chen Qi‐Yue , Lin Mi , Tu Ru‐Hong , Huang Chang‐Ming
Published: September 2017

The 8th edition of the TNM was released in 2016 and included major revisions, especially for stage III. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC TNM classification for stage III gastric cancer. Clinical data from 1557 patients operated on for stage III gastric cancer according to the 7th edition between 2007 and 2014 were analyzed and compared using the 7th and 8th TNM classifications. A proposed staging system was established, and the three systems were compared in terms of prognostic performance. The stage shifted for 669 (42.96%) patients. It shifted from IIIA to IIIB (one patient, 0.06%), IIIB to IIIA (230 patients, 14.8%), IIIB to IIIC (94 patients, 6.0%), and IIIC to IIIB (344 patients, 22.1%). However, the new AJCC subgroupings did not prove distinctive for survival levels between T3N3aM0 (stage IIIB) and T3N3bM0 (stage IIIC) or between T4aN3aM0 (stage IIIB) and T4aN3bM0 (stage IIIC) when <30 lymph nodes (LNs) were resected. The performance of the 8th edition (c‐index, 0.614; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.596–0.633) revealed no relevant improvement compared to the 7th edition (c‐index, 0.624; 95% CI, 0.605–0.643). The proposed staging system generated the best prognostic stratification. The 8th TNM edition may not provide better accuracy in predicting the prognosis of stage III gastric cancer. The proposed staging system, comprised of a combination of the number of LNs harvested and the 7th and 8th AJCC classifications, may improve predictive capacities for stage III gastric cancer.
A Systematic Structure–Activity Study of a New Type of Small Peptidic Transfection Vector Reveals the Importance of a Special Oxo‐Anion‐Binding Motif for Gene Delivery
Authors: Junghänel Sandra , Karczewski Sarah , Bäcker Sandra , Knauer Shirley K. , Schmuck Carsten
Published: September 2017

We discovered a new class of artificial peptidic transfection vectors based on an artificial anion‐binding motif, the guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole (GCP) cation. This new type of vector is surprisingly smaller than traditional systems, and our previous work suggested that the GCP group was important for promoting critical endosomal escape. We now present here a systematic comparison of similar DNA ligands featuring our GCP oxo‐anion‐binding motif with DNA ligands only consisting of naturally occurring amino acids. Structure–activity studies showed that the artificial binding motif clearly outperformed natural amino acids such as histidine, lysine, and arginine. It improved the ability to shuttle foreign genetic material into cells, yet successfully mediated endosomal escape. Also, plasmids that were complexed by our artificial ligands were stabilized against cytosolic degradation to some extent. This resulted in the successful expression of plasmid information (comparable to gold standards such as polyethyleneimine). Hence, our study clearly demonstrates the importance of the tailor‐made GCP anion‐binding site for efficient gene transfection.
Mechanistic Insights into Cyclic Peptide Generation by DnaE Split‐Inteins through Quantitative and Structural Investigation
Authors: Kick Leonhard M. , Harteis Sabrina , Koch Maximilian F. , Schneider Sabine
Published: September 2017

Inteins carry out protein‐splicing reactions, which are used in protein chemistry, protein engineering and biotechnological applications. Rearrangement of the order of the domains in split‐inteins results in head‐to‐tail cyclisation of the target sequence, which can be used for genetic encoding and expression of libraries of cyclic peptides (CPs). The efficiency of the splicing reaction depends on the target sequence. Here we used mass spectrometry to assess in vivo cyclic peptide formation from different hexameric target sequences by the DnaE split‐inteins from Synechocystis sp. and Nostoc punctiforme, revealing a strong impact of the target sequence and of the intein on the intracellular peptide concentration. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of their pre‐splicing complexes, which allowed us to identify F‐block Asp17 as crucial for the DnaE‐mediated splicing reaction.
The toxic alpha‐gliadin peptide 31–43 enters cells without a surface membrane receptor
Authors: Paolella Gaetana , Lepretti Marilena , Martucciello Stefania , Nanayakkara Merlin , Auricchio Salvatore , Esposito Carla , Barone Maria Vittoria , Caputo Ivana
Published: September 2017

Alpha‐gliadin peptide 31–43 is considered to be the main peptide responsible for the innate immune response in celiac disease patients. Recent evidence indicates that peptide 31–43 rapidly enters cells and interacts with the early endocytic vesicular compartment. However, the mechanism of its uptake is not completely understood. Our aim is to characterize, isolate and identify possible cell surface proteins involved in peptide 31–43 internalization by Caco‐2 cells. In this study, we used a chemical cross‐linker to block peptide 31–43 on cell surface proteins, and pulled‐down peptide‐proteins complexes using antibodies raised against peptide 31–43. Through this experimental approach, we did not observe any specific complex between cell proteins and peptide 31–43 in Coomassie‐stained denaturating gels or by Western blotting. We also found that type 2 transglutaminase was not necessary for peptide 31–43 internalization, even though it had a regulatory role in the process. Finally, we demonstrated that peptide 31–43 did not behave as a classical ligand, indeed the labeled peptide did not displace the unlabeled peptide in a competitive binding assay. On the basis of these findings and of previous evidence demonstrating that peptide 31–43 is able to interact with a membrane‐like environment in vitro, we conclude that membrane composition and organization, rather than a specific receptor protein, may have a major role in peptide 31–43 internalization by cells.
Dextrocardia with asymptomatic right atrial appendage aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Sate Hossein , Reshadati Najmeh , Aliakbarzadeh Parvaneh , Molazadeh Negin
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical Message

Right atrial appendage aneurysm (RAAA) is rarely encountered with variable intracardiac anatomy. We report a case of asymptomatic RAAA in a patient with dextrocardia and anomalous origin of RCA from left coronary sinus which was treated successfully by CABG and the aneurysm was completely excised.
Leptospirosis presenting as acute acalculous cholecystitis
Authors: Davies Peter , Aoyagi Yuki
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical Message

Leptospirosis is the commonest zoonotic infection worldwide but is vastly underreported and extremely heterogeneous in its presentation. Acalculous cholecystitis is an under recognized presentation of acute leptospirosis. In the appropriate clinical context, with a clear exposure history, recognition of this association presents a unifying diagnosis and limits unnecessary surgical interventions.
c.464A>G variation in the GJB2 gene is detected in a Han Chinese family
Authors: Zhu Gang‐Hua , Shu Hong‐Ying , Zhou Hai‐Yan , Chen Yong , Zhou Fei , Ni Bin , Xie Wanqin
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical Message

We report two heterozygous carriers of c.464A>G variation in the GJB2 gene in a Chinese pedigree. The proband with hearing loss most likely inherited the c.464A>G variation from his mother who also carries heterozygous c.79G>A variation and has normal hearing. The pathological significance of c.464A>G variation remains to be determined.
Efficient Control of Microbubble Properties by Alcohol Shear Flows in Ceramic Membrane Channels
Authors: Liu Yefei , Han Yang , Li Xiaoli , Jiang Hong , Chen Rizhi
Published: September 2017

Efficient control of microbubbles is achieved by alcohol shear flows in ceramic membrane channels. The dependence of hydrodynamic and mass transfer properties of microbubbles on liquid viscosity was investigated in a bubble column. The multichannel ceramic membrane worked as the gas sparger, and the shear flow on the membrane surface controlled the microbubble generation. Oxygen gas and glycerin solutions with different viscosities served as gas phase and liquid phase, respectively. The microbubbles were massively generated at different liquid viscosities. With increasing viscosity, the bubble size first decreased and then increased. The dual effect of viscosity on bubble size was related to bubble coalescence. However, an impact of viscosity on gas holdup was not observed for microbubbles.
Syntheses and Properties of Tin‐Containing Conjugated Heterocycles
Authors: Urrego‐Riveros Sara , Ramirez y Medina Isabel‐Maria , Hoffmann Jonas , Heitmann Anne , Staubitz Anne
Published: September 2017

Heterocycles that contain tin atoms can be aromatic in a similar sense to well‐known aromatic compounds such as benzene or thiophene, but such examples are rare. However, due to the low‐lying σ*‐orbitals of the tin‐substituent bond in stannoles, they are capable of σ*–π* conjugation in a way that is exclusive to heavier element containing heterocycles. This makes stannoles very interesting alternatives for purely organic heterocycles in material applications, in which optoelectronic properties are of interest. This Concept article will highlight the synthesis, reactivity and physical properties of stannoles and related fluorenostannoles. At first, a brief introduction to different types of tin‐containing heterocycles is presented, followed by a discussion on different approaches to prepare stannoles, their reactivity and their physical properties. In addition, the first stannole‐containing polymer will be reviewed.
Metallacrowns as Templates for Diabolo‐like {LnCu8} Complexes with Nearly Perfect Square Antiprismatic Geometry
Authors: Zhou Guo‐Jun , Han Tian , Ding You‐Song , Chilton Nicholas F. , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: September 2017

A series of diabolo‐like nonanuclear {LnIIICuII8} (Ln=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Y) clusters were prepared in which the LnIII ion is capped by two 8‐MC‐4 metallacrown ligands to form a nearly ideal square antiprismatic (SAP) coordination geometry with D4d symmetry. Despite the lack of crystallographic symmetry, these molecules engender the lanthanide ions with highly axial mJ states. The axial/equatorial nature of the crystal field in environments close to ideal SAP geometry is very subtle and influenced by the nature of the ligand lone pairs. Slow magnetic relaxation behaviour was observed for the DyIII, ErIII, TmIII, and YbIII analogues, and the obtained effective energy barriers are not consistent with excitations on the LnIII ion, suggesting a more nuanced situation.
From Five to Seven: Ring Expansion of Monoazadiene Titanium Complexes by Insertion of Aldehydes, Ketones and Nitriles
Authors: Manßen Manfred , Kahrs Christoph , Töben Iris , Bölte Jens‐Henning , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger
Published: September 2017

The ring enlargement reactions at ambient temperatures of non C‐terminus substituted monoazabutadiene (η4−RN=CHCH=CH2) titanium complexes 2 are investigated. The insertion of aldehydes/ketones (five examples) and nitriles (four examples) into the Ti−C bonds result in expansion of the five‐membered rings to uncommon seven‐membered titanacycles 3 and 4 in good yields. These new compounds are fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In subsequent reactions, the seven‐membered ring systems are protolyzed and the released organic fragments are isolated. Whereas the aldehyde/ketone insertion products 3 form substituted δ‐amino alcohols 5 after reduction with NaBH3CN, the nitrile insertion products 4 form substituted pyrroles 6 via cyclization.
Neurocognitive, psychosocial, and quality‐of‐life outcomes in adult survivors of childhood non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Li Chenghong , Baassiri Malek J. , Bjornard Kari , Sandlund John T. , Brinkman Tara M. , Huang I‐Chan , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Ness Kirsten K. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Children with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) undergo treatment with central nervous system–directed therapy, the potentially neurotoxic effects of which have not been reported in NHL survivors.

METHODS

NHL survivors (n = 187) participating in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort who were 10 or more years from their diagnosis and were 18 years old or older underwent neurocognitive, emotional distress (Brief Symptom Inventory 18), and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) assessments (36‐Item Short Form Health Survey). Age‐adjusted z scores were compared with community controls (n = 181) and normative data. Treatment exposures were abstracted from medical records. Models adjusted for the age, sex, and time from diagnosis were used to calculate the risk of impairment.

RESULTS

The mean ages at evaluation were similar for the survivors and the controls (35.7 ± 8.9 vs 35.5 ± 11.0 years; P = .86). Survivors were 25.2 ± 8.8 years from their diagnosis: 43 (23%) received cranial radiation, 70 (37%) received high‐dose methotrexate, 40 (21%) received high‐dose cytarabine, and 151 (81%) received intrathecal chemotherapy. Survivors' intelligence and attention were within normal limits; however, their memory, executive function, processing speed, and academics were impaired in comparison with both population norms and community controls (P values < .05). Treatment‐related exposures were not associated with neurocognitive function; however, neurocognitive impairment was associated with lower educational attainment, unemployment, and occupational status (P values < .03). Slower processing speed and worse self‐reported executive function were associated with symptoms of depression (P values ≤ .003) and poorer HRQOL (P values < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Adult survivors of childhood NHL experience impaired neurocognitive function, which is associated with lower social attainment and poor HRQOL. Early‐detection and intervention strategies are recommended. Cancer 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The cost and cost‐effectiveness of childhood cancer treatment in El Salvador, Central America: A report from the Childhood Cancer 2030 Network
Authors: Fuentes‐Alabi Soad , Bhakta Nickhill , Vasquez Roberto Franklin , Gupta Sumit , Horton Susan E.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Although previous studies have examined the cost of treating individual childhood cancers in low‐income and middle‐income countries, to the authors' knowledge none has examined the overall cost and cost‐effectiveness of operating a childhood cancer treatment center. Herein, the authors examined the cost and sources of financing of a pediatric cancer unit in Hospital Nacional de Ninos Benjamin Bloom in El Salvador, and make estimates of cost‐effectiveness.

METHODS

Administrative data regarding costs and volumes of inputs were obtained for 2016 for the pediatric cancer unit. Similar cost and volume data were obtained for shared medical services provided centrally (eg, blood bank). Costs of central nonmedical support services (eg, utilities) were obtained from hospital data and attributed by inpatient share. Administrative data also were used for sources of financing. Cost‐effectiveness was estimated based on the number of new patients diagnosed annually and survival rates.

RESULTS

The pediatric cancer unit cost $5.2 million to operate in 2016 (treating 90 outpatients per day and experiencing 1385 inpatient stays per year). Approximately three‐quarters of the cost (74.7%) was attributed to 4 items: personnel (21.6%), pathological diagnosis (11.5%), pharmacy (chemotherapy, supportive care medications, and nutrition; 31.8%), and blood products (9.8%). Funding sources included government (52.5%), charitable foundations (44.2%), and a social security contribution scheme (3.4%). Based on 181 new patients per year and a 5‐year survival rate of 48.5%, the cost per disability‐adjusted life‐year averted was $1624, which is under the threshold considered to be very cost effective.

CONCLUSIONS

Treating childhood cancer in a specialized unit in low‐income and middle‐income countries can be done cost‐effectively. Strong support from charitable foundations aids with affordability. Cancer 2018;124:391‐7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
3‐Acrylamidophenylboronic Acid‐Modified Hydrogel Film Attached to a Gold Nanosphere Array to Detect Hydrofluoric Acid with Good Selectivity and Recyclability
Authors: Men Dandan , Hang Lifeng , Zhang Honghua , Zhang Xiaomin , Lyu Xianjun , Cai Weiping , Li Yue
Published: September 2017

A novel hydrofluoric acid sensor was prepared by attaching a two‐dimensional (2D) gold nanosphere array onto the surface of a poly(acrylamide‐co‐3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid) P(AAm‐co‐APBA) hydrogel film. The volume of the hydrogel film swelled with increasing concentration of hydrofluoric acid due to the formation of borofluoride anions between hydrofluoric acid and phenylboronic acid group, resulting in a red shift of diffraction wavelength. The concentration of hydrofluoric acid was determined through monitoring the wavelength of the diffraction spectra. Additionally, this hydrofluoric acid sensor exhibited good sensitivity, selectivity and recyclability. Moreover, this method may be applied to detect various substances and could be widely used in diverse areas such as biochemical sensors, environmental monitoring, and food analysis by selecting an appropriate recognition agent attached to the hydrogel carrier.
Dose Rationalization of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation and Cost Analysis
Authors: Ogungbenro Kayode , Patel Alkesh , Duncombe Robert , Nuttall Richard , Clark James , Lorigan Paul
Published: September 2017

Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are highly selective anti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) antibodies approved for the treatment of advanced malignancies. Variable exposure and significant wastage have been associated with body size dosing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The following dosing strategies were evaluated using simulations: body weight, dose banding, fixed dose, and pharmacokinetic (PK)‐based methods. The relative cost to body weight dosing for band, fixed 150 mg and 200 mg, and PK‐derived strategies were –15%, –25%, + 7%, and –16% for pembrolizumab and –8%, –6%, and –10% for band, fixed, and PK‐derived strategies for nivolumab, respectively. Relative to mg/kg doses, the median exposures were –1.0%, –4.6%, + 27.1%, and +3.0% for band, fixed 150 mg, fixed 200 mg, and PK‐derived strategies, respectively, for pembrolizumab and –3.1%, + 1.9%, and +1.4% for band, fixed 240 mg, and PK‐derived strategies, respectively, for nivolumab. Significant wastage can be reduced by alternative dosing strategies without compromising exposure and efficacy.