bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm forming potential, and the presence of biofilm-related genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kamali Esmat , Jamali Ailar , Ardebili Abdollah , Ezadi Freshteh , Mohebbi Alireza
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known as a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production, as two main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, are responsible for the persistence of prolonged infections. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of biofilm of P. aeruginosa were investigated.

Results

A total of 80 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained. Isolates showed resistance to all antibiotics with a rate from 12.5% (n = 10) against amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam to 23.75% (n = 19) to levofloxacin. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa accounted for 20% (n = 16). 83.75% (n = 67) of isolates showed biofilm phenotype. All three biofilm-related genes were found simultaneously in 87.5% (n = 70) of P. aeruginosa and 13.5% (n = 10) of the isolates had none of the genes tested. From the results of the present study, combination therapy including an anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam (piperacillin/tazobactam or ceftazidime) and an aminoglycoside or carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem) with fluoroquinolones in conjunction with an aminoglycoside can be used against Pseudomonas infections. However, reasonable antimicrobial use and high standards of infection prevention and control are essential to prevent further development of antimicrobial resistance. Combination strategies based on the proper anti-pseudomonal antibiotics along with anti-biofilm agents can also be selected to eradicate biofilm-associated infections.
Feasibility study on recruitment in general practice for a low back pain online information study (part of the ADVIN Back Trial)
Authors: Riis Allan , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Hartvigsen Jan , Thomsen Janus Laust , Afzali Tamana , Jensen Martin Bach
Published: January 2020

Objective

In a future full-scale randomised controlled trial, we plan to compare satisfaction with a standard website versus satisfaction with a participatory driven web-application. The participatory driven web-application may facilitate the delivery of targeted evidence-based advice and information to patients with low back pain in general practice (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03088774). This feasibility study is intended to inform a future randomised controlled trial. The aim is to report on the lessons learned from recruitment to report on reasons for loss to follow-up.

Results

We recruited 12 women and 8 men from two general practices with each practice recruiting for 3 months. Full follow-up data was available in only three patients (15%). Based on the high loss to follow-up, we do not consider it feasible to conduct the full-scale confirmatory trial as planned. Modifying inclusion criteria to include only patients expressing an interest in using online health information or randomising patients directly at the general practice, supporting them in accessing the web-application, and letting patients respond with their immediate satisfaction may improve the speed of recruitment and follow-up rates. Furthermore, the participatory driven web-application can be included in a larger multi-faceted intervention, making the combined intervention seem more relevant to study participants.
Using examination performance data and focus groups to inform teaching – a case study from final year students of veterinary medicine
Authors: McAloon Conor G. , Kelly Emmet , Rackard Sue , McAloon Catherine , Beltman Marijke , O’Grady Luke , Viora Lorenzo , Crowe Mark , Doherty Michael L. , Ryan Eoin G.
Published: January 2020

Background

Student feedback has played an important role in the maintenance of quality and standards in higher education. Perhaps the most commonly used method to capture feedback is a series of questions or statements where students indicate their degree of satisfaction or agreement. Focus groups offer an alternative means of capturing ‘richer’ qualitative data relating to students’ thoughts on course structure. Aside from student evaluations, student examination performance has been used as a method to evaluate the efficacy of curriculum changes at programme level. However, this data is utilised less so at a ‘finer detail’ level to identify specific issues with the delivery of teaching.

Case presentation

The purpose of this report was to outline the approach taken using qualitative and quantitative data to identify problems with a specific area of teaching, inform a new teaching approach and to assess the impact of those changes. Following quantitative and qualitative analysis, a practical class on dairy herd fertility performance was highlighted as an area for improvement. After the introduction of the newly formatted practical class with a greater focus on self-directed learning, there was a significant increase in the average score (p < 0.001) and a decrease in the proportion of students failing (p < 0.001) the question that assessed the analysis of dairy herd fertility data. In addition, the R-squared value between students’ performance in the fertility question and their performance in the overall examination increased from 0.06 to 0.11.

Conclusions

The combination of qualitative focus group data and quantitative analysis of examination performance data represent robust methods for identifying problems associated with specific aspects of veterinary teaching.
A case of stage IV gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis showing pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Katsura Yuki , Okabayashi Takehiro , Matsumoto Manabu , Ozaki Kazuhide , Shibuya Yuichi
Published: January 2020

Background

Stage IV advanced gastric cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis (PALM) is considered unresectable. Systemic chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for such tumors, while conversion surgery may be a treatment option in the case chemotherapy is effective but R0 resection is possible. We report a case of stage IV gastric cancer with PALM that showed pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using S-1, oxaliplatin, and trastuzumab (SOX+HER).

Case presentation

A 69-year-old woman who was diagnosed with type 4 stage IV gastric cancer with PALM underwent five courses of NAC with the SOX+HER regimen. The primary tumor and the PALM shrank after treatment, suggesting that the NAC induced a partial response. We performed a total gastrectomy plus distal pancreaticosplenectomy with para-aortic lymph node dissection. Histological analysis revealed no remnant cancer cells in the primary tumor or the lymph nodes, confirming a pCR. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on day 14 after the operation. S-1 was started as adjuvant chemotherapy, and the patient remains alive without recurrence 2 months after surgery.

Conclusion

This case shows the possibility of conversion surgery after SOX+HER therapy for stage IV advanced gastric cancer with PALM.
Electrical interferential current stimulation versus electrical acupuncture in management of hemiplegic shoulder pain and disability following ischemic stroke-a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Eslamian Fariba , Farhoudi Mehdi , Jahanjoo Fatemeh , Sadeghi-Hokmabadi Elyar , Darabi Parvin
Published: January 2020

Background

Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain (HSP) is among common complications occurring after stroke leading to disability. This study was conducted to compare the effects of electrical Interferential Current stimulation (IFC) and Electrical Acupuncture (EAC) on pain intensity, range of motion, and functional ability in patients with HSP and also comparing the two modalities regarding improvement of above indices.

Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, 46 patients with HSP caused by ischemic stroke were recruited and assigned into 2 groups. Conventional exercise trainings were applied for both groups. Group A received additional IFC with medium frequency of 4000 HZ, and Group B received additional EAC two times a week for a total of 10 sessions. Pain severity, daily function, and shoulder Range of Motion (ROM) were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and goniometry, respectively before and 5 weeks after the treatment.

Results

Both groups showed relative improvement in pain severity, SPADI score, and its subscales, and also active and passive shoulder ROM after the treatment. However, IFC group compared to EAC group had higher mean changes of active ROM in abduction (28.00 ± 3.81 vs. 12.25 ± 2.39) and functional subscale of SPADI (11.45 ± 1.88 vs. 5.80 ± 1.66) after the treatment. On the contrary, EAC group showed higher percentage of VAS changes (46.14 ± 6.88 vs. 34.28 ± 5.52), indicating better pain improvement compared to IFC group. Other parameters did not show significant difference between two groups.

Conclusion

Both IFC and EAC caused short term improvement in functional state, increased motion, and decreased pain in patients with HSP. Although pain control was more evident in acupuncture group, IFC resulted in better effects on function and active ROM of abduction, and seems to have higher efficacy.

Trial registration

This clinical trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at 2016-07-16 with a registry number of IRCT201602153217N10.
Dissection-related carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) following surgical revascularization of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion: a new subtype of CCF and proposed management
Authors: Liu Ao-Fei , Li Chen , Yu Wengui , Lin Li-Mei , Qiu Han-Cheng , Zhang Yi-Qun , Lv Xian-Li , Wang Kai , Liu Ce , Jiang Wei-Jian
Published: January 2020

Background

The development of carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) during surgical recanalization of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) may be secondary to severe ICA dissection rather than a focal tear of the cavernous ICA seen in typical traumatic CCFs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between the CCFs and severe ICA dissections and to characterize technical outcomes after treatment with stenting.

Methods

Five patients underwent treatment with self-expanding stents due to intraprocedural CCF and ICA dissection following surgical removal of ICAO plaque. The stents were telescopically placed via true channel of the dissection. Safety of the procedure was evaluated with 30-day stroke and death rate. Procedural success was determined by the efficacy of CCF obliteration and ICAO recanalization with angiography.

Results

All CCFs were associated with spiral and long segmental dissection from the cervical to cavernous ICA. After stenting, successful dissection reconstruction with TICI 3 was achieved in all patients, with complete (n = 4) or partial CCF (n = 1) obliteration. No patient had CCF syndrome, stroke, or death during follow-up of 6 to 37 months; but one patient had pulsatile tinnitus, which resolved 1 year later. Angiography at 6 to 24 months demonstrated CCF obliteration in all 5 patients and durable ICA patency in 4 patients.

Conclusions

Intraprocedural CCFs with spiral and cervical-to-cavernous ICA dissection during ICAO surgery are dissection-related because of successful obliteration after stenting for dissection reconstruction. Self-expanding stenting through true channel of the dissection, serving as implanting stent-autograft, may be an optimal therapy for the atypical CCF complication from ICAO surgery.
Impact of internship programs on professional and personal development of business students: a case study from Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Sadia
Published: January 2020

This study aims to evaluate the impact of internship programs on the professional as well as on personal development and skills of business students in Pakistan. The data of the study consisted of 800 undergraduating business students of 4-year degree programs from 15 universities of Pakistan. The study used structured questionnaire (35 close-ended questions assessed using 5-point Likert scale) comprised of six parts: Part I: Demographic information, Part II: Reasons for participation in internship, and Part III to VI: Assessment of information related to professional and personal growth and skills. The study employed descriptive analysis to evaluate demographic information and central tendencies of the responses. Furthermore, scale measurement analysis is used to check distribution normality of study data and reliability of the questionnaire. The results of the study depict the impact of internship programs on the professional and personal growth and skills of the business students of Pakistan.
Changes in Thyroid Function Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Campbell Purdey J , Brown Suzanne J , Kendrew Phillip , Lewer Michelle , Lim Ee Mun , Joseph John , Cross Simone M , Wright Margaret J , Martin Nicholas G , Wilson Scott G , Walsh John P
Published: January 2020

Objective

There are no large, longitudinal studies of thyroid function across adolescence. The aims of this study were to examine longitudinal trends in thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) and determine age-specific reference ranges.

Methods

Thyroid function was assessed in 3415 participants in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study at ages 12, 14, and 16, using the Abbott ARCHITECT immunoassay. Longitudinal analyses were adjusted for body mass index and puberty.

Results

In girls, mean fT4 (± SE) increased between age 12 and 14 (by 0.30 ± 0.08 pmol/L; P < 0.001), while remaining unchanged in boys; from age 14 to 16, fT4 increased in both girls (by 0.42 ± 0.07 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and boys (0.64 ± 0.07 pmol/L, P < 0.001). There was a slight increase in fT3 from age 12 to 14 years in girls (by 0.07 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P = 0.042), with a more marked increase in boys (0.29 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P < 0.001), followed by a decrease from age 14 to 16 in both sexes (girls, by 0.53 ± 0.02 pmol/L; P < 0.001; boys, by 0.62 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P < 0.001). From age 12 to 14, TSH showed no significant change in girls or boys, then levels increased from age 14 to 16 in both sexes (in girls, by 4.9%, 95% CI: 2.4%-10.3%, P = 0.020; in boys, by 7.2%, 95% CI: 3.0%-11.6%, P = 0.001). Reference ranges differed substantially from adults, particularly for fT4 and fT3.

Conclusions

Thyroid function tests in adolescents display complex, sexually dimorphic patterns. Implementation of adolescence-specific reference ranges may be appropriate.
Variation in Patient-Reported Advance Care Preferences in the Preoperative Setting
Authors: Udelsman Brooks V. , Govea Nicolas , Cooper Zara , Chang David C. , Bader Angela , Meyer Matthew J.
Published: January 2020

Background:

High-quality shared decision-making for patients undergoing elective surgical procedures includes eliciting patient goals and treatment preferences. This is particularly important, should complications occur and life-sustaining therapies be considered. Our objective was to determine the preoperative care preferences of older higher-risk patients undergoing elective procedures and to determine any factors associated with a preference for limitations to life-sustaining treatments.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional survey conducted between May and December 2018. Patients ≥55 years of age presenting for a preprocedural evaluation in a high-risk anesthesia clinic were queried on their desire for life-sustaining treatments (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and artificial nutrition) as well as tolerance for declines in health states (physical disability, cognitive disability, and daily severe pain).

RESULTS:

One hundred patients completed the survey. The median patient age was 68. Most patients were Caucasian (87%) and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of III (88%). The majority of patients (89%) desired cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, most patients would not accept mechanical ventilation, dialysis, or artificial nutrition for an indefinite period of time. Similarly, most patients (67%–81%) indicated they would not desire treatments to sustain life in the event of permanent physical disability, cognitive disability, or daily severe pain.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among older, higher-risk patients presenting for elective procedures, most patients chose limitations to life-sustaining treatments. This work highlights the need for an in-depth goals of care discussion and establishment of advance care preferences before a procedure or operative intervention.
An Epistemic Nonconsequentialism
Authors: Sylvan Kurt L.
Published: January 2020

Despite the recent backlash against epistemic consequentialism, an explicit systematic alternative has yet to emerge. This article articulates and defends a novel alternative, Epistemic Kantianism, which rests on a requirement of respect for the truth. Section 1 tackles some preliminaries concerning the proper formulation of the epistemic consequentialism/nonconsequentialism divide, explains where Epistemic Kantianism falls in the dialectical landscape, and shows how it can capture what seems attractive about epistemic consequentialism while yielding predictions that are harder for the latter to secure in a principled way. Section 2 presents Epistemic Kantianism. Section 3 argues that it is uniquely poised to satisfy the desiderata set out in section 1 on an ideal theory of epistemic justification. Section 4 gives three further arguments, suggesting that it (1) best explains the normative significance of the subject's perspective in epistemology, (2) follows from the kind of axiology needed to solve the swamping problem together with modest assumptions about the relation between the evaluative and the deontic, and (3) illuminates certain asymmetries in epistemic value and obligation. Section 5 takes stock and reassesses the score in the debate.
Controlled Synthesis of Mesoporous Pt, Pt-Pd and Pt-Pd-Rh Nanoparticles in Aqueous Nonionic Surfactant Solution
Authors: Nagaura Tomota , Park Teahoon , Lim Hyunsoo , Lin Jianjian , Iqbal Muhammad , Alshehri Saad M , Ahamad Tansir , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Yi Jin Woo , Kim Yena , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: January 2020

To date, a wide variety of mesoporous metals has been synthesized using self-assembly of polymeric micelles for catalytic and sensing applications. However, systematic study of trimetallic mesoporous alloys has rarely been performed due to their complex nature. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of mesoporous PdPtRh particles by a chemical reduction process with the assistance of a block copolymer, Pluronic® F127. Furthermore, we have also systematically characterized these alloys and evaluated their catalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), in comparison to mesoporous Pt and PdPt particles. Among all the prepared catalysts, the mesoporous PdPtRh sample shows the highest electrocatalytic performance for MOR with high conversion efficiency and tolerance for intermediate generation as well as excellent stability.
Validation of a commercial antibody to detect endogenous human nicastrin by immunoblot
Authors: Mesa Rosana A. , Roberson Elisha D.O.
Published: January 2020

Nicastrin (NCSTN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is part of the gamma-secretase complex. Gamma-secretase is a protease complex that cleaves type-I single-pass transmembrane proteins. There are many potential substrates for this complex, including NOTCH receptors and amyloid precursor proteins (APP). There are a number of commercial antibodies to nicastrin, but they do not agree on expected peptide size. We confirmed the specificity of a C-terminal binding rabbit anti-human antibody from Sigma-Aldrich (#N1660) using wildtype HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells deleted for nicastrin. The wildtype cells showed a prominent band at approximately 110 kDa. We confirmed this larger than expected sized was due to glycosylation by treating the lysate with peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), which reduced the band to less than 75 kDa. These data suggest that this polyclonal is specific for nicastrin and can detect endogenous levels of protein.
Efectividad de un apósito de hidrofibra reforzada, con plata iónica al 1,2%, potenciado con EDTA y cloruro de bencetonio: casos de estudio
Authors: Salazar Trujillo Marco A. , Ortiz Rodriguez José E. , Ospina Alejandro Zapata
Published: January 2020

Sinopsis:

Objetivo:

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional, de seguimiento de casos en el servicio de cirugía plástica del hospital El Tunal, Bogotá, Colombia, para evaluar la efectividad de un apósito de hidrofibra reforzada, con plata iónica al 1,2%, potenciado con ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) y cloruro de bencetonio en pacientes con heridas de difícil cicatrización.

Método:

Se incluyeron 23 pacientes con heridas de diferentes etiologías, signos locales de infección, presencia de exudado e indicadores visuales o indirectos de biofilm. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos: heridas que requerían cicatrización por segunda intención (n=10) (grupo 1), heridas con absceso (n=4) (grupo 2) y heridas en las que se requería preparar el lecho para cobertura quirúrgica (n=9) (grupo 3). El seguimiento de cada caso duró tres meses.

Resultados:

El grupo 1 demostró una disminución de exudado, infección y signos indirectos de biofilm, así como una reducción significativa de la superficie de la herida con cierre total en ocho de los 10 casos pertenecientes a este grupo. El grupo 2 logró el control de exudado y cierre de la cavidad en un promedio de 21 días. El grupo 3 obtuvo adecuada preparación del lecho de la herida y alcanzó una cobertura quirúrgica en 15 días, en promedio. No se encontraron efectos adversos en los pacientes tratados.

Conclusión:

Los resultados muestran que el apósito estudiado es efectivo para controlar exudado, infección y signos indirectos de biofilm, así como para disminuir el tamaño de la herida, lograr el cierre de heridas con absceso y preparar el lecho para una cobertura quirúrgica definitiva.
Influence of Drought Stress on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Plants: A Review
Authors: Akhter Ansari Waquar , Atri Neelam , Pandey Maneesh , Kumar Singh Anil , Singh Bijendra , Pandey Sudhakar
Published: January 2020

Drought poses the most significant environmental constrain that limits the growth and yield efficiency of vegetables around the world. The major challenges lies is to identify potential genetic resources and technology development that improve quality and productivity of vegetable crops under declining land, reducing natural resources and increasing environmental stresses. Varied responses of different crop species/genotypes to water-deficit condition have been studied for a long time, and several morphological, physiological and biochemical characters have been suggested to be responsible for drought tolerance. Understanding the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to drought is essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanisms to water-limited conditions and also to design screening techniques for drought tolerance that may be employed in crop breeding. Drought stress lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which inactivate enzymes and damage important cellular components. The effects of the action of free radicals on membranes include the induction of lipid peroxidation and fatty acid de-esterification. Plants possess very efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems which work in concert to control the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation and protect plant cells from oxidative damage by scavenging of ROS. In this review the important morphological, physiological and biochemical traits that are influenced by drought stress, and may be important indices for identification/screening of drought tolerant genotypes in vegetable crops has been described.
Selection Criteria to Assess Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat Genotypes Using Physiological and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Ali Essa , Iqbal Aqib , Hussain Sayed , Munawar Shah Jawad , Said Fazal , Imtiaz Muhammad , Jalal Fazal , Ali Khan Muhammad
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Wheat is an important “rabi” (post-rainy season) crops cultivated on more than 8.0 million hectares in Pakistan. Selection based on different secondary traits enhances the progress and accuracy by which drought tolerant genotypes can be identified. In a glass house experiment, different physical and biochemical characteristics associated with drought adaptation were assessed in twelve (12) wheat genotypes. Drought tolerance index, calculated based on seedling dry weight, exhibited that Pirsabak-2004 was the most drought tolerant genotype. Minimum reduction in dry weight (14.32 %), RWC (14.15 %) and leaf area (5.59%) as well as least increase in H2O2 content (104.9%) was noted in Pirsabak-2004. However, Pirsabak-2008 has suffered minimum reduction in fresh weight (28%) and cellular membranes stability (10.89%). Maximum increase in proline (7.75 fold) and sugar content (163.51 %) was noted in PR-97 and PR-90, respectively. Similarly, Saleem-2000 has incurred the minimum reduction in chlorophyll content (32.27%) under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, correlation coefficient calculated between the dry weight and different parameters exhibited seedlings fresh weight, relative water content, H2O2 concentration and membrane stability (r = 0.654, 0.796, -0.824, 0.812, respectively) as the most important secondary traits for selection of wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions.
Impact of Plant Invasions on Local Vegetation: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Mushtaq Waseem , Shakeel Adnan , Mehdizadeh Mohammad , A. Alghamdi Sameera , Rehman Hakeem Khalid
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Invasive species are key operators of worldwide ecological change causing the loss of biodiversity, modifying structure and functioning of bio-system, and disturbing establishment of ecosystem amenities throughout the world. About 8.6% of the overall flora of India is alien. A considerable rise in worldwide trade and travel is expected to accelerate entry, spreading and eventual establishment of foreign species in India. Whereas the systematic catalogue of non-native species incarnates the primary vital stage, however, more comprehensive investigations on description of alien species in India, study of their potential invasion environments, recognition of possible ways of invasion and their impact on local vegetation are still missing. The present study reports the incidence of 173 species of alien flora in India, their origins from different parts of the globe belonging to a diverse array of families with an emphasis on the adverse effect of important invasive species on the local vegetation so as to generate an understanding of plant invasions and develop policy framework for their management.
Immunological Activities of Isoprinosine Inhibition on Viral Infections Inhuman
Authors: Abdualmeer Al-Sherees Hashim Ali , Al-khateeb Sumaya NajimAbedali , Nasir Al-Muhannak Fadhil Hussain
Published: January 2020

Isoprinosine is a combination of inosine used as antiviral drug without effect on viral particle itself, but instead only and acts as on immunostimulant and also acts indirectly by activation of immune cells. Aim of this study was to determine level of interferon-alpha (INF-α) with parainfluenza viruses HPIV-2, and adenoviruses HAdV-2 replication. In the present study, cytotoxic effect of isoprinosine was assessed using A549 cell line exposed to different concentrations of compound (isoprinosine: 50-800μg/mL) for 48 hours. Cytotoxic effect was examined visually using light, inverted microscopy Olympus CK2 under 400x magnification and by the MTT colorimetric assay. The yield re­duction assay (YRA), which evaluates the ability of the isoprinosine (50-800 μg/mL) to inhibit virus multiplication in cell cultures, was applied. The cytopathic effect of the virus was evaluated 48 h after infection of A549 cell cultures with viruses by means of light, inverted microsco­py. The YRA method was used to determine the 50% end point (IC50) in the presence of Isoprinosine with the controlled one. MTT cytotoxicity assay confirmed microscopic observations. There were no morphological changes, as assessed visually, in cell cultures treated with isoprinosine. After conducting the experi­ments and analyzing the results we noticed that higher concentrations of isoprinosine strongly inhibited multiplication of all viruses. HPIV-2 and HAdV-2 showed the highest sensitivity to the antiviral activity of isoprinosine as compared with the control, however, increasing concentrations of isoprinosine up to 800 μg /ml slightly enhanced the antiviral activity of 400 μg/ml isoprinosine. Our study was conducted that HAdV-2 and HPIV-2 have the highest sensitivity to the antiviral activity of isoprinosine from all tested viral strains.
Production of Rumen-Protected Essential Amino Acids with Chemical Technique
Authors: Mazinani Mitra , Ali Naserian Abas , Rude Brian , Valizadeh Reza , Tahmasbi Abdolmansur
Published: January 2020

In this experiment, essential amino acid (Methionine) and two chemical compound, were used to make ligands that produce pH-sensitive amino acids that are stable in the rumen and absorbable in the post rumen part of the digestive tract. The treatments were made with heat and steer, reflux and ultrasound reaction at different times, temperatures and solvents to make new bonds and pH-sensitive amino acid ligands. During the first 8 hours of incubation (rumen phase) 55.42% of RPMet1 was released, during the 2 hours (abomasum phase) 91.00% of the compound had been released and during the final hours up to 35h (intestine phase) 93.21% had been released and 6.79% of this product was stable. About the RPMet2 figure shown that in first 8 hours of incubation (rumen phase) 49.25% of RPMet1 was released, in next 2 hours (abomasum phase) 87.93% of the compound was released and in the final hours up to 35h (intestine phase) 94.05% was released and 5.95% of this product was stable. Result shows that this chemical method increased retention time in rumen and the bond is reversible in lower pHs, similar to the abomasum.
Isolation and Characterization of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizosphere soil of Latur District, Marathwada, India
Authors: Rasul Tamboli Rajmahammad
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Rhizosphere soil samples from Wheat crop were collected from the 10 different locations in Latur district of Marathwada region with the objective to isolate the zinc solubilizing bacteria, their screening and characterization. Zinc carbonate was used as insoluble zinc source. Out of 10 Zn solubilizers, 3 most outstanding isolates were maintained for further screening for mineral solubilization (Zn and K). Among these RRT19, RRT34 and RRT13 which was identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis by morphological and biochemical test. These isolates showed maximum zone of solubilization with 34, 31 to 30 mm on liquid salt agar medium after 48 hrs of incubation respectively. The bacterial species isolated from the Rhizosphere soil can be use in soils that are deficient in Zinc or where insoluble zinc is abundant. The present study concluded that the use of zinc solubilising bacteria in the zinc deficient soil will help to enhance the growth and yield of wheat crop.
The Effects of Grafting-Varaiety Combunations to every year Productivity Indigators and Effective Fruit Fallling on Pear Plant
Authors: Akif Beyahmedov Islam
Published: January 2020

In the article is assigned information about useful fruit falling and productivity every year in the combinations different grafting-varieties of the pear. The research was carried out in the Guba and Gusar regions of the north-eastern of country. The researches were carried out; in the Dakhli village of Guba region, on the grafting wild forest pear, 6x4 m food area, with Khure which was planted in 2004; The sorts as beauty of Talgar, white Williams, beauty of forest in the New life village of Qusar region on the graftin BA-29, 4x1.25m food area, planted in 2008-2009; The varieties as conference, white Williams, red Williams, Forelle and Quyot which were cultivated in the trellis and has been installed drip irrigation system The research was carried out by generally accepted methods for gardening. At this time, every two years productivity index was calculated by a Sinq formula. According to the index varieties and years are considered: 20% - up indicator - highly stable harvestable; 21 ... 40% - to compared stable product each year; 41 ... 60% - Average degree of every two years harvestable; 61 ... 80% strong harvestable every two years; 81 ... 100% more powerful harvestable every two years
Effect of Passiflora Edulis Sims onReserpine Induced Fibromyalgia
Authors: Sharma Naveen , Sharma Ajay , Kumar Sharma Vipin
Published: January 2020

This study was carried out to assess the possible effect of Passiflora edulis Sims on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia with using different animal models and commonly used in the Virginia, southern Illinois, southeast Kansas and India as a folk medicine. Possible effect of extract of the plant was evaluated on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. For evaluating the effect of this Plant leaves extract, different models were used such as tail flick, radiant heat, hot plate and inclined plane model. Evaluation of anti-depression activity, forced swim test and elevated plus maze (EPM) model were used. Investigations were shown that reserpine-treated animals responded with significantly increased sensitivity of pain in tail flick latency, decreased threshold of paw-withdrawal and immobility time and in Randall test. Whereas Plant leaves extract at different level of doses (e.g. 200 and 400 mg/kg) has shown a significant reduction in time of immobility, withdrawal latency of tail and the significant increase in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The Passiflora edulis Sims showed inhibition of algesic condition in all the models which was dose dependent. During forced swim test extract of plant showed the significant reduce immobility time as compared with the control group, also in the plus‐maze method, Plant leaves extract showed increased time spend in open arm. The results were confirmed that the use of the extract of leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims in the traditional management of pain and enhances behavioural activity.
Distribution of Staphylococcus haemolyticus as the most dominant species among Staphylococcal infections at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: SUHARTONO  , HAYATI ZINATUL , MAHMUDA
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Suhartono S, Hayati Z, Mahmuda Mahmuda M. 2019. Distribution of Staphylococcus haemolyticus as the most dominant species among Staphylococcal infections at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2076-2080. The occurrence of Staphylococcus-related infections is emerging and might potentially harbor multidrug resistance leading to the major risks of hospital-associated infection. The study aimed to determine the dominant species distributed among Staphylococcus-related infections from clinical specimens and determine antibiotic resistance profile of the dominant species. The clinical samples were collected from inpatients and outpatients at the Zainoel Abidin Regional Hospital of Aceh, Indonesia during March 2017-March 2018. All clinical samples were mainly inoculated to plates containing blood agar followed by identification and determination of their antibiotic susceptibility using VITEK® 2 Compact. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test when appropriate to determine the independence of frequency distributions, and the tests were considered statistically significant at a P ≤ 0.05 on two-tailed. Of 693 Staphylococcus isolates found in the clinical specimens, Staphylococcus haemolyticus was the most predominant isolates with a total of 233 (32.2%), and it was identified with a high prevalence of methicillin-resistance (95.96%) termed as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH). MRSH were found in the blood samples and ICU patients accounting for 64.1% and 55.61%, respectively. The resistance profile of MRSH isolates exhibited a high level of resistance (more than 85%) to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, (first to the fourth generation) cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and macrolides. This might be an alarming occurrence and require serious action to prevent MRSH dissemination of healthcare infections in the future.
An Implementation of animal welfare in tiger sanctuary, Barumun Nagari Wildlife Sanctuary, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Saab Ronna , Siregar Pahrian Ganawira , Setia Tatang Mitra
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Saab R, Siregar PG, Tatang Mitra Setia TM. 2019. Implementation of animal welfare in tiger sanctuary, Barumun Nagari Wildlife Sanctuary, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2790-2795. The accelerated growth in the development of economic and social infrastructure has drastically diminished the population of Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and its habitat. As a result, conflicts between tigers and humans are increasing rapidly in recent years. The wild tigers in conflict, such as those that attack humans and livestock, are usually killed or captured, while those who cannot return to the forest due to injury or illness are then translocated to the zoo. The increasing number of human and tiger conflicts raises the need for special facilities, such as sanctuaries, to recover the condition of the tigers, before they are released to the wild. This study aimed to examine the aspects of welfare management and assess the level of welfare of the tigers kept in the sanctuary at the Barumun Nagari Wildlife Sanctuary (BNWS) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was carried out from March to April 2019, while data collection was carried out by literature studies, field observation on implementation of five animal welfare parameters, and self-assessment by the manager of the sanctuary. The results showed that, on a score from 1 to 5, the animal welfare parameter scores were 4.88 (freedom from hunger and thirst), 4.81 (freedom to express natural behavior), 4.79 (freedom from discomfort), 3.81 (freedom from fear and distress) and 3.69 (freedom from pain, injuries, and diseases). The total achievement implementation value of animal welfare in BNWS was 89.13, or very good. However, some improvements still have to be made by the sanctuary manager to enhance the animal welfare of tigers in BNWS.
Pitcher morphology and pitcher coloring of Nepenthes mirabilis Druce. from East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: TRI HANDAYANI  , JULISASI TRI HADIAH
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Handayani T, Hadiah JT. 2019. Pitcher morphology and pitcher coloring of Nepenthes mirabilis Druce. from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2824-2832. The shape and color of Nepenthes pitchers play an important role in attracting preys. The terrestrial and aerial pitchers have different shapes in accordance with different preys they trap. This species has high potential as an ornamental plant due to the pitcher’s varied sizes, shapes and colors, which information of the wild species is inadequate. This study aimed to identify the morphological characters, size, and colors of pitcher and its parts (tendril, pitcher body, lid, peristome, wing) of N. mirabilis growing in the wild in East Kalimantan. Samples for morphological observation comprised 90 terrestrial pitchers and 90 aerial pitchers, and samples for pitcher coloring observation comprised 650 terrestrial pitchers and 650 aerial pitchers. The results showed that the shape of terrestrial pitchers were narrowly ovoid in the lower part and cylindrical toward the top. The aerial pitchers were infundibular in the lower part, narrowly ovoid in the middle then cylindrical toward the top. The highest percentage of terrestrial pitcher tendril’s color was green and the aerial pitcher tendril’s was reddish green. Most pitcher body’s color was green in the lower part and green with purple stripes in the upper part on both terrestrial and aerial pitchers (21.07% and 16.15%, respectively). The wing color of both pitchers was mostly purplish dark red which possessed the highest percentages (30.31% and 40.64%, respectively). The dominant peristome color of terrestrial pitcher was brownish dark red (26.15%), whereas that of the aerial pitcher was purplish dark red (44.19%). The lid color of both terrestrial and aerial pitchers was mostly purplish dark red (38.92% and 31.39% respectively). Bright color was mostly found on the peristome and lid. It was found on 85.38% of terrestrial pitcher’s peristome, 95.22% of terrestrial pitcher’s lid, 81.43% of aerial pitcher’s peristome, and 98.77% of aerial pitcher’s lid. The presence of green color on tendril, pitcher and its parts indicates its function in photosynthesis, whereas the presence of bright color shows its role in capturing preys.
Colony morphology and molecular identification of Vibrio spp. on green mussels (Perna viridis) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas
Authors: FARIDA HIKMAWATI  , Susilowati Ari , RATNA SETYANINGSIH
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Hikmawati F, Susilowati A, Setyaningsih R. 2019. Colony morphology and molecular identification of Vibrio spp. on green mussels (Perna viridis) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas. Biodiversitas 20: 2891-2899. Green mussels (Perna viridis) have filter feeder properties that allow pathogenic bacteria from the water environment to accumulate in relatively high levels. About 20% of foodborne diseases are caused by large quantities of seafood contaminated with bacteria. The purpose of this study is to determine the morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, identity, and the kinship of Vibrio species on green mussels in Yogyakarta coastal tourism areas. Vibrio spp. were grown on selective differential TCBS media. In this media, the suspected Vibrio spp. would produce yellow or green colonies. The ability of hemolysis of Vibrio was blood agar media, the species was molecularly identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence, and the phylogenetic relationship of the Vibrio spp., was analyzed using MEGA X Neighbor-Joining program. Based on morphological analysis, we obtained 23 bacterial isolates suspected to be Vibrio spp. Two Isolates (L1K2 6 and L2K2 13) were positive for α-hemolysis activity and 4 isolates (L1K1 3, L2K1 8, L2K2 16, and L3K2 22) were positive for β-hemolysis activity. The molecular analysis involved 18 Vibrio species, and 4 of them represented the Vibrio genus and 14 species represented 97-99% similarity species in accordance with the 16S rRNA sequence in database, namely: Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio neocaledonicus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio azureus, Vibrio diabolicus, Vibrio tapetis, Vibrio natriegens, and Vibrio owensii. The most dominant number of Vibrio isolates was V. alginolyticus, while the lowest was V. owensii. The highest number of Vibrio species in green mussels was found in Goa Cemara beach while the lowest was in Kwaru beach. Vibrio spp bacteria found in green clams in coastal tourism areas in Yogyakarta have close phylogenetic relationships with other Vibrio in seafood in Indonesian coastal waters.
Screening and characterization of actinomycetes isolated from soybean rhizosphere for promoting plant growth
Authors: UMI FATMAWATI  , ANJA MERYANDINI  , ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH  , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fatmawati U, Meryandini A, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT. 2019. Screening and characterization of actinomycetes isolated from soybean rhizosphere for promoting plant growth. Biodiversitas 20: 2970-2977. Actinomycetes which colonized plant rhizosphere has a vital role in improving plant growth by producing Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potency of actinomycetes isolated from soybean rhizosphere as promoter agents for plant growth in vitro. Fifty actinomycetes isolates were successfully isolated from soybean rhizosphere. Based on the colorimetric methods, 35 isolates can produce IAA in various concentration, in the range of 0.46-30.6 mg/L. Seed germination assay using Ragdoll methods revealed that 26 isolates significantly promoted germination parameters, including the hypocotyl and the radicular length, the number of the lateral roots, and dry weight of the plant. Also, 14 from 26 isolates showed phosphate solubilizing activity in different phosphate-solubilizing index ranging from 1.25-2.62. Eight isolates were able to grow in N-free medium, indicating that these isolates have the ability in fixing nitrogen. Out of 23 from 26 isolates were detected to produce siderophore. All the tested isolates show chitinase production except ASR 55. Based on the observed parameters, it showed that there are four potential isolates (ASR 46, ASR 58, ASR 75 and ASR 76) as promising plant-growth promoters, phosphate solubilizer, nitrogen fixer, siderophore and chitinase producer. Based on the result of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, four potential isolates were identified as Streptomyces spp. in different taxa of strains and species.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding a novel subfamily sporamin B in sweet potato
Authors: Effendy Jollanda , LaBonte Don R. , Efendi Darda
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Effendy J, Labonte DR, Efendi D. 2019. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding a novel subfamily sporamin B in sweet potato. Biodiversitas 20: 3033-3041. Three cDNAs (IbH23, IbH41, and IbH74) encoding sporamin of sweet potato, were isolated from a skinning injury cDNA library. The open reading frame consisted of 288 nucleotides and the deduced polypeptide sequences consist of 96 amino acids with missing 127 amino acid residues at 5′. The sequences shared identity [42-62% (IbH23 and IbH41) and 40-61% (IbH74)] to sporamins A and B previously identified in other sweet potato species. The IbSpors contained three of four signature cysteine residues of sporamin family (Cys135, Cys198, Cys209). In addition to similarity to sporamins, these cDNA clones also showed similarities to miraculin (29-35%); Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (29-36%); factor Xa inhibitor (32-38%); subtilisin inhibitor (26-37%); seed protein (32%); tumor-related protein (36% in IbH23 and IbH41); and [wound-responsive protein (30%), sexual organ responsive protein (29%), and proteinase inhibitor (26%) can only be found in IbH74]. The three partial mRNA transcripts showed induced and transient expression in response to skinning injury. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belonged to a new member of sporamin gene subfamily B and may play key roles in plant defense and wound repair in response to skinning injury in storage roots of sweet potato.