bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of stimuli valence, extraversion, and emotion regulation on visual search within real-world scenes
Authors: Bendall Robert C. A. , Eachus Peter , Thompson Catherine
Published: January 2022

Affective traits, including extraversion and emotion regulation, are important considerations in clinical psychology due to their associations with the occurrence of affective disorders. Previously, emotional real-world scenes have been shown to influence visual search. However, it is currently unknown whether extraversion and emotion regulation can influence visual search towards neutral targets embedded within real-world scenes, or whether these traits can impact the effect of emotional stimuli on visual search. An opportunity sample of healthy individuals had trait levels of extraversion and emotion regulation recorded before completing a visual search task. Participants more accurately identified search targets in neutral images compared to positive images, whilst response times were slower in negative images. Importantly, individuals with higher trait levels of expressive suppression displayed faster identification of search targets regardless of the emotional valence of the stimuli. Extraversion and cognitive reappraisal did not influence visual search. These findings add to our understanding regarding the influence of extraversion, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression on our ability to allocate attention during visual search when viewing real-world scenes.
The effects of the interaction between BMI and dyslipidemia on hypertension in adults
Authors: Tang Na , Ma Jian , Tao Rongqin , Chen Zhijun , Yang Yide , He Quanyuan , Lv Yuan , Lan Zelong , Zhou Junhua
Published: January 2022

Body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia are indicators of human health and are often associated with high blood pressure. In this study,we explored the relationship between BMI or dyslipidemia and the risk of hypertension and further verified the possible interacting influences of BMI with dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension. The aim is to explore the possible risk factors of hypertension and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Eligible subjects were selected from a cross-sectional survey in Changsha City, and we collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height2 (m2), and divided into four categories according to the Chinese standard. Dyslipidemia is defined according to Chinese guideline. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for dichotomous variables to determine the risk or protective factors of dependent variables. Multivariate Logistic model was used to study the influence of BMI and dyslipidemia on hypertension. The following indicators were used to assess the interaction effects: (1) Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI); (2) Attributable proportion due to interaction(AP); (3) Synergy index (SI). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 2740 eligible participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, of which 765 subjects (27.9%) were diagnosed with hypertension. Multivariate Logistic model showed that overweight (OR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.39–2.09) or obese (OR: 2.60, 95%CI: 1.84–3.66) subjects had a significantly higher risk of hypertension than normal weight people, and underweight was a protective factor for hypertension(OR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.29–0.93). People with dyslipidemia have a higher risk of hypertension than those with normal lipids (OR: 3.05, 95%CI: 2.36–3.90). In addition,there was a significant potentiating interaction effect between overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia(overweight: RERI (1.91, 95%CI: 0.17–3.66), AP (0.40, 95%CI:0.14–0.66), SI (2.03, 95%CI:1.11–3.74) and obesity: RERI (2.20, 95%CI:1.01–3.40), AP (0.38, 95%CI:0.18–0.58), SI (1.84, 95%CI:1.18–2.89), while no interaction was found between underweight and dyslipidemia. Low body weight is an independent protective factor for hypertension, but overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia are risk factors for hypertension, and dyslipidemia significantly shared interactions with overweight and obesity that influenced the risk of hypertension.
Membrane rigidity regulates E. coli proliferation rates
Authors: Salinas-Almaguer Samuel , Mell Michael , Almendro-Vedia Victor G. , Calero Macarena , Robledo-Sánchez Kevin Carlo Martín , Ruiz-Suarez Carlos , Alarcón Tomás , Barrio Rafael A. , Hernández-Machado Aurora , Monroy Francisco
Published: January 2022

Combining single cell experiments, population dynamics and theoretical methods of membrane mechanics, we put forward that the rate of cell proliferation in E. coli colonies can be regulated by modifiers of the mechanical properties of the bacterial membrane. Bacterial proliferation was modelled as mediated by cell division through a membrane constriction divisome based on FtsZ, a mechanically competent protein at elastic interaction against membrane rigidity. Using membrane fluctuation spectroscopy in the single cells, we revealed either membrane stiffening when considering hydrophobic long chain fatty substances, or membrane softening if short-chained hydrophilic molecules are used. Membrane stiffeners caused hindered growth under normal division in the microbial cultures, as expected for membrane rigidification. Membrane softeners, however, altered regular cell division causing persistent microbes that abnormally grow as long filamentous cells proliferating apparently faster. We invoke the concept of effective growth rate under the assumption of a heterogeneous population structure composed by distinguishable individuals with different FtsZ-content leading the possible forms of cell proliferation, from regular division in two normal daughters to continuous growing filamentation and budding. The results settle altogether into a master plot that captures a universal scaling between membrane rigidity and the divisional instability mediated by FtsZ at the onset of membrane constriction.
Rock mass classification prediction model using heuristic algorithms and support vector machines: a case study of Chambishi copper mine
Authors: Hu Jianhua , Zhou Tan , Ma Shaowei , Yang Dongjie , Guo Mengmeng , Huang Pengli
Published: January 2022

The rock mass is one of the key parameters in engineering design. Accurate rock mass classification is also essential to ensure operational safety. Over the past decades, various models have been proposed to evaluate and predict rock mass. Among these models, artificial intelligence (AI) based models are becoming more popular due to their outstanding prediction results and generalization ability for multiinfluential factors. In order to develop an easy-to-use rock mass classification model, support vector machine (SVM) techniques are adopted as the basic prediction tools, and three types of optimization algorithms, i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and grey wolf optimization (GWO), are implemented to improve the prediction classification and optimize the hyper-parameters. A database was assembled, consisting of 80 sets of real engineering data, involving four influencing factors. The three combined models are compared in accuracy, precision, recall, F1 value and computational time. The results reveal that among three models, the GWO-SVC-based model shows the best classification performance by training. The accuracy of training and testing sets of GWO-SVC are 90.6250% (58/64) and 93.7500% (15/16), respectively. For Grades I, II, III, IV and V, the precision value is 1, 0.93, 0.90, 0.92, 0.83, the recall value is 1, 1, 0.93, 0.73, 0.83, and the F1 value is 1, 0.96, 0.92, 0.81, 0.83, respectively. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the influence of input parameters on rock mass classification. It shows that the sensitive factor in rock mass quality is the RQD. Finally, the GWO-SVC is employed to assess the quality of rocks from the southeastern ore body of the Chambishi copper mine. Overall, the current study demonstrates the potential of using artificial intelligence methods in rock mass assessment, rendering far better results than the previous reports.
CO2 outgassing during collisional orogeny is facilitated by the generation of immiscible fluids
Authors: Groppo Chiara , Rolfo Franco , Frezzotti Maria Luce
Published: January 2022

Orogenic degassing is emerging as a potentially relevant source of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the continental crust. However, the processes of carbon mobilization are still poorly explored. Here, we use thermodynamic modeling to investigate the decarbonation of sediments metamorphosed under high geothermal gradients. Our modeling shows that immiscible CO2-rich vapors and hydrosaline brines are generated at these conditions, with different properties and mobility through the crust. The CO2-rich fluid fraction could rapidly rise toward the surface without interacting with the host rocks by carbo-fracturing the host rocks or through deep faults. The denser hydrosaline brines likely permeate the source rocks. When applied to the active Himalayan orogen, these observations reconcile measured CO2fluxes at the surface and positive conductivity anomalies associated with micro-seismicity at depth. Our modeling shows that the continental crust represents a relevant reservoir of CO2that can be efficiently degassed during hot collisions.
Direct evidence for crust-mantle differentiation in the late Hadean
Authors: Maltese Alessandro , Caro Guillaume , Pandey Om Prakash , Upadhyay Dewashish , Mezger Klaus
Published: January 2022

Constraints on the evolution of the silicate Earth between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago are limited by the scarcity of pristine geological material from that period. The geodynamic evolution of the early Earth, prior to the preserved rock record, is thus mainly inferred from numerical modelling. To evaluate the geological significance of these simulations, geochronological constraints pertaining to the evolution of the Hadean crust are required. Here we show using Neodymium isotope variations generated by decay of now-extinct 146-Samarium that Paleoarchean rocks from the Singhbhum Craton, India derived from a Hadean depleted mantle reservoir that differentiated $${4.19}_{-0.12}^{+0.06}$$

4.19

−
0.12

+
0.06

billion years ago. The event postdates Neodymium model ages of mantle depletion inferred from other Archean rocks by 200 million years. This geochronological record is mirrored in the Hafnium isotope composition of the oldest zircon grains, suggesting that Hadean mantle differentiation proceeded via distinct pulses of large-scale magmatic activity and crustal rejuvenation.
A conductive photothermal non-swelling nanocomposite hydrogel patch accelerating bone defect repair
Authors: Li Yongwei , He Jiahui , Zhou Junpeng , Li Zhenlong , Liu Liying , Hu Shugang , Guo Baolin , Wang Wei
Published: January 2022

The synthesis, characterization and application of the multifunctional conductive photothermal non-swelling hydrogels in skull defect repair of rats.
Binding affinity of aniline-substituted dodecaborates to cyclodextrins
Authors: Marei Tarek , Al-Joumhawy Mahmoud K. , Alnajjar Mohammad A. , Nau Werner M. , Assaf Khaleel I. , Gabel Detlef
Published: January 2022

Structure–activity relationships of dodecaborate-substituted nitroanilines as hosts in cyclodextrins have been elucidated.
An ultralow-acceptor-content supramolecular light-harvesting system for white-light emission
Authors: Diao Kai , Whitaker Daniel J. , Huang Zehuan , Qian Hongwei , Ren Dongxing , Zhang Liangliang , Li Zheng-Yi , Sun Xiao-Qiang , Xiao Tangxin , Wang Leyong
Published: January 2022

A white-light emitting system based on binary fluorophores was achieved at an ultralow acceptor/donor ratio, on account of perfect energy matching and precise color balancing.
Too much water? Not enough? In situ monitoring of the mechanochemical reaction of copper salts with dicyandiamide
Authors: Casali Lucia , Feiler Torvid , Heilmann Maria , Braga Dario , Emmerling Franziska , Grepioni Fabrizia
Published: January 2022

In situ monitoring, via X-ray and Raman spectroscopy, of mechanochemical reactions between dicyandiamide and copper(ii) salts shows that the amount of added water and the milling frequency strongly impact on the products of the solid state synthesis.
Assembly of a Zn(ii) coordination polymer of tetrapyridyl tetraene ligands for selective sensing of CrO42− and Fe3+ in water via luminescence quenching and enhancement
Authors: Yang Zhan-Yong , Cao Chen , Sang Xiao , Hong Yu-Xuan , Yu Hong , Ni Chun-Yan , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: January 2022

One Zn(ii) coordination polymer is used to selectively detect CrO42− and Fe3+ in water via luminescence quenching and enhancement methods.
Effects of oxygen vacancies on the photoexcited carrier lifetime in rutile TiO2
Authors: Zhang Lili , Chu Weibin , Zheng Qijing , Zhao Jin
Published: January 2022

The photoexcited carrier lifetime in semiconductors plays a crucial role in solar energy conversion processes.
Preferential solvation of meso-methyl BODIPYs with pyridine via pseudo-hydrogen-bonds
Authors: Morisue Mitsuhiko , Kawanishi Miho , Kusukawa Takahiro
Published: January 2022

This study explored unexpected pseudo-hydrogen bond interactions between meso-methyl BODIPYs and pyridine and acridine. Both experimental and theoretical investigations indicated the existence of pseudo-hydrogen bonds, although the static views based on theoretical aspects were inconsistent with dynamic properties observed by experimental investigations.
The interactions of chelate-based ionic liquids: from the perspective of vaporization enthalpy
Authors: Song Sijie , Zhang Songna , Yao Jia , Li Haoran
Published: January 2022

The vaporization enthalpies of chelate-based ionic liquids were measured by thermogravimetric analysis and discussed based on the micro-biphasic separation model.
Efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2under ambient conditions over Zn(betaine)2Br2: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Ma Jun , Wu Yahui , Yan Xupeng , Chen Chunjun , Wu Tianbin , Fan Honglei , Liu Zhimin , Han Buxing
Published: January 2022

A novel catalyst, Zn(betaine)2Br2, has been synthesized to efficiently promote the cycloaddition of CO2and epoxides under ambient conditions (30 °C, 1 atm). The catalytic performance and mechanism of the catalyst were investigated by experimental and computational methods.
Towards micromachine intelligence: potential of polymers
Authors: Ussia Martina , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2022

This tutorial introduces the fundamental aspects of polymers and micromachines. It highlights the role of polymeric microrobots in formulating intelligent systems by critically reviewing key factors affecting motion and functionalities.
CeO2 decorated bimetallic phosphide nanowire arrays for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis via interface engineering
Authors: Cong Yikang , Chen Xingnan , Mei Yan , Ye Jun , Li Ting-Ting
Published: January 2022

A novel heterostructure comprising of Co0.4Ni1.6P nanowire arrays decorated with CeO2 nanoparticles grown on porous Ni foam is easily fabricated and shows remarkable OER performance.
Insights into the neuroprotective effects ofSalvia officinalisL. andSalvia microphyllaKunth in the memory impairment rat model
Authors: Ayoub Iriny M. , George Mina Y. , Menze Esther T. , Mahmoud Maryhan , Botros Mariam , Essam Mariam , Ashmawy Israa , Shendi Pussey , Hany Andrew , Galal Mohammed , Ayman Mohamed , Labib Rola M.
Published: January 2022

The present study demonstrates the beneficial effects of Salvia microphylla and S. officinalis from Egypt and Jordan against scopolamine-induced AD-like disorder.
S-20, a steroidal saponin from the berries of black nightshade, exerts anti-multidrug resistance activity in K562/ADR cells through autophagic cell death and ERK activation
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu Jingwen , Wang Yihai , Xiang Limin , He Xiangjiu
Published: January 2022

The steroidal saponin S-20 isolated from Solanum nigrum L. is a potent inhibitor of drug-resistant proteins. The EKR activation triggered by autophagic cell death in S-20-treated K562/ADR cells contributed to overcome the multidrug resistance.
Effect of combined treatment of l-arginine and transglutaminase on the gelation behavior of freeze-damaged myofibrillar protein
Authors: Cao Yungang , Han Xinrui , Yuan Fang , Fan Xin , Liu Miaomiao , Feng Li , Li Zhaorui , Huang Junrong
Published: January 2022

This research focused on the effects of l-arginine (Arg, 5 mM), transglutaminase (TG, E : S = 1 : 500), and the combination (Arg + TG) on the physicochemical properties and heat-induced gel performance of freeze-damaged myofibrillar protein (MP).
Theoretically elucidating high photoluminescence performance of dimethylacridan-based blue-color thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials
Authors: Wei Zhuangzhuang , Zuo Tao , Jiang Shanshan , Qi Fangfang , Yang Mingxue , Meng Lingyi , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: January 2022

Based on first-principles methods, we comprehensively quantify the luminous quantum efficiencies and related photophysical process rates of dimethylacridan-based blue-color TADF emitters.
Zr-doped SAPO-34 with enhanced Lewis acidity
Authors: Kokuryo Shinya , Tamura Kazuya , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Mizusawa Atsushi , Kubo Tadashi , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: January 2022

Zr-doped SAPO-34 has enhanced Lewis acidity, leading to high catalytic activity for LDPE cracking.
A novel phage display based platform for exosome diversity characterization
Authors: Maisano Domenico , Mimmi Selena , Dattilo Vincenzo , Marino Fabiola , Gentile Massimo , Vecchio Eleonora , Fiume Giuseppe , Nisticò Nancy , Aloisio Annamaria , de Santo Maria Penelope , Desiderio Giovanni , Musolino Vincenzo , Nucera Saverio , Sbrana Francesca , Andò Sebastiano , Ferrero Simone , Morandi Andrea , Bertoni Francesco , Quinto Ileana , Iaccino Enrico
Published: January 2022

We present an innovative approach allowing the identification, isolation, and molecular characterization of disease-related exosomes based on their different antigenic reactivities.
Fluorescently labelled thioacetazone for detecting the interaction with Mycobacterium dehydratases HadAB and HadBC
Authors: Singh Bina K. , Singha Monisha , Basak Shyam , Biswas Rupam , Das Amit K. , Basak Amit
Published: January 2022

Photo-cross-linking experiments demonstrated direct interactions of the drug thioacetazone with its target enzymes, namely both the dehydratases HadAB and HadBC via the monooxygenase EthA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Direct deoxygenation of active allylic alcohols via metal-free catalysis
Authors: Liu Qiaowen , Han Feng , Zhuang Hongfeng , Zhang Tong , Ji Na , Miao Chengxia
Published: January 2022

A simple and metal-free catalytic system for direct deoxygenation of highly active allylic alcohols was developed with TsOH·H2O as the catalyst and p-methylbenzyl alcohol as the reductant.
Boron-catalyzed α-C–H fluorination of aryl acetic acids
Authors: Hu Haipeng , Wang Cuilin , Wu Xin , Liu Yangu , Yue Guizhou , Su Gehong , Feng Juhua
Published: January 2022

A catalytic α-fluorination reaction between the aryl acetic acid and selectfluor was established in the presence of a boron catalyst. A number of α-fluoro aryl acetic acids were generated in up to 96% yield, including several bioactive molecules.
Synthesis of novel antibacterial and antifungal quinoxaline derivatives
Authors: Tang Xuemei , Zhou Qing , Zhan Wenliang , Hu Die , Zhou Ran , Sun Nan , Chen Shuai , Wu Wenneng , Xue Wei
Published: January 2022

Structure of some commercial agents.
Reduction of imines with a reusable bimetallic PdCo–Fe3O4catalyst at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of H2
Authors: Yang Sabyuk , Kim Byeong Moon
Published: January 2022

A catalytic procedure that has mild reaction conditions, high turnover number, and the recyclability of the catalyst is presented, whereby the synthesis of amines through the reduction of imines employing PdCo–Fe3O4under atmospheric pressure of H2is achieved.
Pressure-induced coupled structural–electronic transition in SnS2 under different hydrostatic environments up to 39.7 GPa
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Dai Lidong , Hu Haiying , Hong Meiling , Li Chuang
Published: January 2022

A pressure-induced coupled structural–electronic transition of SnS2 was disclosed by high-pressure Raman scattering and electrical conductivity measurement at ∼30.0 GPa under different hydrostatic environments.
LAP-MALDI MS coupled with machine learning: an ambient mass spectrometry approach for high-throughput diagnostics
Authors: Piras Cristian , Hale Oliver J. , Reynolds Christopher K. , Jones A. K. (Barney) , Taylor Nick , Morris Michael , Cramer Rainer
Published: January 2022

LAP-MALDI MS profiling provides rapid, cost-effective large-scale disease analysis as demonstrated by preclinical detection of bovine mastitis and antimicrobial resistance testing using a longitudinal sample collection from a 500-cows dairy herd.
2D-C3N4 encapsulated perovskite nanocrystals for efficient photo-assisted thermocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Bian Hui , Li Deng , Wang Shengyao , Yan Junqing , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: January 2022

A water-stable CsPbBr3 catalyst is designed using core–shell encapsulation of the perovskite nanoparticle by 2D-C3N4 for photo-assisted thermocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O. The m-CN@CsPbBr3 heterojunction shows surprisingly high CO2-to-CO yield.
An efficient amorphous ternary transition metal boride (WFeNiB) electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution from water
Authors: Sun Yinghui , Zhao Yan , Deng Xiaoyan , Dai Dongmei , Gao Hongtao
Published: January 2022

To improve the overall efficiency of water electrolysis, it is urgent to develop an efficient and inexpensive catalyst toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Non-linear elastic properties of actin patches to partially rescue yeast endocytosis efficiency in the absence of the cross-linker Sac6
Authors: Reda Belbahri , Alphée Michelot , Julien Heuvingh , Olivia du Roure
Published: January 2022

Viscoelastic measurements of actin patches, using magnetic micro-cylinders, show that patches lacking a crosslinker are softer but stiffen with stress, allowing in some cases the build-up of elastic energy necessary for endocytosis.
Enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics of IT-SOFC cathode with PrBaCo2O5+δ/Gd0.1Ce1.9O2−δ coherent interface
Authors: Zhang Yang , Shen Leyu , Wang Yuhao , Du Zhihong , Zhang Binze , Ciucci Francesco , Zhao Hailei
Published: January 2022

A PBC–GDC composite with coherent interface structure shows remarkable ORR activity and low polarization resistance under IT-SOFC service conditions.
Tuning atomically precise metal nanocluster mediated photoelectrocatalysis via a non-conjugated polymer
Authors: Tang Bo , Zhu Shi-Cheng , Liang Hao , Li Shen , Liu Bi-Jian , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: January 2022

Tunable charge transport over atomically precise metal nanoclusters is stimulated in layer-by-layer-assembled multilayered photoanodes for solar energy conversion.
Correction: Light-driven carbon dioxide reduction coupled with conversion of acetylenic group to ketone by a functional Janus catalyst based on keplerate {Mo132}
Authors: Lodh Joyeeta , Mallick Apabrita , Roy Soumyajit
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘Light-driven carbon dioxide reduction coupled with conversion of acetylenic group to ketone by a functional Janus catalyst based on keplerate {Mo132}’ by Joyeeta Lodh et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 20844–20851, DOI: 10.1039/C8TA06243A.
An enantiomeric pair of 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with circularly polarized luminescence and photoelectric effects
Authors: Zhao Xuan-Hui , Hu Xiaozong , Sun Meng-En , Luo Xi-Ming , Zhang Chong , Chen Gao-Song , Dong Xi-Yan , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: January 2022

Circularly polarized luminescent and photoelectric effect 2D hybrid perovskite crystals incorporating chiral cyclohexanediamine spacer cations have been prepared and systematically investigated by comparing achiral crystals.
Cognitive-Communication Complaints and Referrals for Speech-Language Pathology Services Following Concussion
Authors: O'Brien Katy H. , Wallace Tracey , Kemp Amy M. , Pei Yalian
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists are increasingly being recognized as key members of concussion management teams. This study investigates whether self-report of communication problems postconcussion may be useful in identifying clients who could benefit from speech-language pathology services.

Method:

Participants included 41 adolescents and adults from an outpatient specialty concussion clinic. All completed the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) at admission, and 23 repeated this measure at discharge. Participants were prospectively enrolled, with chart reviews providing demographic, injury, and medical factors. The analysis considered (a) communication complaints and resolution over time, including comparison to two previously published LCQ studies of typical adults and adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI); (b) the relationship between communication complaints, participant factors, and common concussion assessments; and (c) factors related to speech-language pathology service referral for rehabilitation.

Results:

At first visit, 12 of 41 participants (29%) reported communication problems, although 19 (46%) reported difficulty with greater than half of LCQ items. At a group level, compared to published reference data of both people with chronic mixed severity TBI and controls, participants in this study reported more problems at first visit with communication overall, as well as greater difficulty with the LCQ Initiation/Conversation Flow subscale. Partner Sensitivity subscale scores at first visit were also greater than published control data. LCQ subscale scores of Initiation/Conversation Flow and Partner Sensitivity decreased from first visit to last visit, demonstrating resolution over time. Only concussion symptom scales and not demographic, injury, or cognitive screenings were related to LCQ scores. The same two LCQ subscales, Initiation/Conversation Flow and Partner Sensitivity, predicted referral for speech-language pathology services, along with symptom scales and being injured due to motor vehicle crash.

Discussion:

A subset of people recovering from concussion report experiencing communication problems. Reporting of particular communication problems was related to referral for speech-language pathology rehabilitation services and may be useful in directing care after concussion.
Outcomes of Gender Affirming Voice Training: A Comparison of Hybrid and Individual Training Modules
Authors: Merrick Gwen , Figol Andrea , Anderson Jennifer , Lin R. Jun
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Gender affirming voice training supports individuals as they explore and develop a healthy voice that feels congruent with their gender and sense of self. Although gender affirming voice training is increasingly available, there is no research comparing individual versus hybrid training outcomes in the existing literature.

Method:

A retrospective chart review was performed on trans women and/or nonbinary individuals who attended either individual or hybrid (group and individual training) gender affirming voice and communication training at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto between 2012 and 2019. Participant demographics, self-reported goal achievement, attendance, pre/post–Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) scores, and pre/postspeaking fundamental frequency (SFF) were compared between individual and hybrid training participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors that could predict self-reported goal achievement.

Results:

Sixty-two trans women and/or nonbinary individuals who attended either individual (
n
= 43) or hybrid (
n
= 19) gender affirming voice and communication training were included in the study. Hybrid participants had a significantly higher goal achievement rate and therapy adherence rate compared with individual participants (74% vs. 21%; 84% vs. 28%, respectively). Both training models resulted in significant elevation of SFF and reduction of TWVQ scores. Inflection range did not change significantly for either training formats. Multiple logistic regression showed that hybrid training was a positive predictor for goal achievement (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [0.3, 4.1]).

Conclusions:

Although clients in individual and hybrid gender affirming voice and communication training achieved significant pitch elevation and lower TWVQ scores, hybrid participants demonstrated significantly higher goal achievement and therapy adherence. This study suggests that hybrid training may provide a valuable support system that improves therapy success in this client population.
MAMask: Multi‐feature aggregation instance segmentation with pyramid attention mechanism
Authors: Wang Gaihua , Lin Jinheng , Zhai Qianyu , Cheng Lei , Dai Yingying , Zhang Tianlun
Published: January 2022

Instance segmentation is a fundamental yet challenging vision task. Recently, many instance segmentation methods have attempted to use attention mechanisms to improve model efficiency. However, these methods still ignore the problem of information loss in lateral connection of Feature Pyramid Networks (the supplement operation of low‐resolution, semantically strong features in FPN). The paper presents an effective detection‐based approach named MAMask, which is closely tied to the one‐stage method, Fully Convolutional One‐Stage Object Detection (FCOS). In particular, it adopts the multi‐feature aggregation decoder with pyramid integrate attention (PIA) to instance segmentation. The pyramid integrate attention block can prevent the loss of important channel information by learning richer multi‐scale representation. Meanwhile, it also brings significant improvements in performance for existing FPN‐based frameworks at slight additional computational costs. The proposed MAMask achieves 37.3% in box AP on the COCO dataset. The method outperforms a few recent methods without longer training time. Compared with the current typical algorithms, the proposed method has achieved excellent performance.
Medical image segmentation using deep learning: A survey
Authors: Wang Risheng , Lei Tao , Cui Ruixia , Zhang Bingtao , Meng Hongying , Nandi Asoke K.
Published: January 2022

Deep learning has been widely used for medical image segmentation and a large number of papers has been presented recording the success of deep learning in the field. A comprehensive thematic survey on medical image segmentation using deep learning techniques is presented. This paper makes two original contributions. Firstly, compared to traditional surveys that directly divide literatures of deep learning on medical image segmentation into many groups and introduce literatures in detail for each group, we classify currently popular literatures according to a multi‐level structure from coarse to fine. Secondly, this paper focuses on supervised and weakly supervised learning approaches, without including unsupervised approaches since they have been introduced in many old surveys and they are not popular currently. For supervised learning approaches, we analyse literatures in three aspects: the selection of backbone networks, the design of network blocks, and the improvement of loss functions. For weakly supervised learning approaches, we investigate literature according to data augmentation, transfer learning, and interactive segmentation, separately. Compared to existing surveys, this survey classifies the literatures very differently from before and is more convenient for readers to understand the relevant rationale and will guide them to think of appropriate improvements in medical image segmentation based on deep learning approaches.
Optimal running time supplement for the energy‐efficient train control considering the section running time constraint
Authors: Rao Yu , Sun Pengfei , Wang Qingyuan , Bai Baoxue , Feng Xiaoyun
Published: January 2022

The energy consumption and operation efficiency of congested rail networks is a primary concern of railway operators. Although achieving the optimal running time supplement helps to reduce the energy consumption of trains, the section running time is usually limited to improve the operation efficiency, which will influence the optimal running time supplement. Here, based on the Lagrange analysis and the Pontryagin's maximum principle, the optimal structure of an energy‐efficient driving strategy is found for a train journey on non‐level track subject to section running time constraints. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution for this constrained energy‐efficiency train control problem is proved by the perturbation analysis method, and based on which an algorithm for solving this problem is proposed. Finally, the results are illustrated by finding optimal control sequences and associated speed profile for the freight train in some elementary but realistic examples.
SUPPNet: Neural network for stellar spectrum normalisation
Authors: Różański T. , Niemczura E. , Lemiesz J. , Posiłek N. , Różański P.
Published: January 2022

Context. Precise continuum normalisation of merged échelle spectra is a demanding task that is necessary for various detailed spectroscopic analyses. Automatic methods have limited effectiveness due to the variety of features present in the spectra of stars. This complexity often leads to the necessity for manual normalisation which is highly time-consuming.

Aims. The aim of this work is to develop a fully automated normalisation tool that works with order-merged spectra and offers flexible manual fine-tuning, if necessary.

Methods. The core of the proposed method uses the novel, fully convolutional deep neural network (SUPP Network) that was trained to predict a pseudo-continuum. The post-processing step uses smoothing splines that give access to regressed knots, which are useful for optional manual corrections. The active learning technique was applied to deal with possible biases that may arise from training with synthetic spectra and to extend the applicability of the proposed method to features absent in this kind of spectra.

Results. The developed normalisation method was tested with high-resolution spectra of stars with spectral types from O to G, and gives a root mean squared (RMS) error over the set of test stars equal to 0.0128 in the spectral range from 3900 Å to 7000 Å and 0.0081 in the range from 4200 Å to 7000 Å. Experiments with synthetic spectra give a RMS of the order of 0.0050.

Conclusions. The proposed method leads to results that are comparable to careful manual normalisation. Additionally, this approach is general and can be used in other fields of astronomy where background modelling or trend removal is a part of data processing.
agnpy: An open-source python package modelling the radiative processes of jetted active galactic nuclei
Authors: Nigro C. , Sitarek J. , Gliwny P. , Sanchez D. , Tramacere A. , Craig M.
Published: January 2022

Context. Modelling the broadband emission of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) constitutes one of the main research topics of extragalactic astrophysics in the multi-wavelength and multi-messenger domain.

Aims. We present agnpy, an open-source python package modelling the radiative processes of relativistic particles accelerated in the jets of AGN. The package includes classes describing the galaxy components responsible for line and thermal emission and it calculates the absorption due to γγ pair production on several photon fields. agnpy aims to extend the effort of modelling and interpreting the emission of extragalactic sources to a wide number of astrophysicists.

Methods. We present the package content and illustrate a few examples of applications of its functionalities. We validate the software by comparing its results against the literature and against other open-source software.

Results. We illustrate the utility of agnpy in addressing the most common questions encountered while modelling the emission of jetted active galaxies. When comparing its results against the literature and other modelling tools adopting the same physical assumptions, we achieve an agreement within 10 − 30%.

Conclusions. agnpy represents one of the first systematic and validated collection of established radiative processes for jetted active galaxies in an open-source python package. We hope it will also stand among the first endeavours providing reproducible and transparent astrophysical software not only for data reduction and analysis, but also for modelling and interpretation.
Electrostatically Directed meta-Selective Borylation of Arenes
Authors: Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Chaturvedi Jagriti , Haldar Chabush
Published: January 2022

The constitutional challenge of an electrostatically directed meta borylation of sterically biased and unbiased substrates is summarized in the present work. The borylation follows an electrostatic interaction between the partially positive and negative charges of the ligand and substrate, respectively. Using our developed strategy, it has been demonstrated that a wide range of challenging substrates, especially 4-substituted substrates can be borylated at the meta position with excellent selectivity. Moreover, unsubstituted substrates are also displayed excellent meta selectivity. The reaction employs bench-stable ligand, proceeds at moderate reaction temperature (40–80 °C), precluding the need to synthesize bulky and sophisticated ligand/template.
Classical and Molecular Techniques to Diagnose HAP/VAP
Authors: Renaud Cherie , Kollef Marin H.
Published: January 2022

Nosocomial pneumonia, including hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), are the most common nosocomial infections occurring in critically ill patients requiring intensive care. However, challenges exist in making a timely and accurate diagnosis of HAP and VAP. Under diagnosis of HAP and VAP can result in greater mortality risk, especially if accompanied by delays in the administration of appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Over diagnosis of HAP and VAP results in the unnecessary administration of broad spectrum antibiotics that can lead to further escalation of antibiotic resistance. Optimal diagnosis and management of HAP and VAP require a systematic approach that combines clinical and radiographic assessments along with proper microbiologic techniques. The use of more invasive sampling methods (bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen brush) may enhance specimen collection resulting in more specific diagnoses to limit unnecessary antibiotic exposure. Molecular techniques, currently in use and investigational technique, may improve the diagnosis of HAP and VAP by allowing more rapid identification of offending pathogens, if present, thus increasing both appropriate antibiotic treatment and avoiding unnecessary drug exposure.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Hospital and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonias
Authors: Chen Fangyue , Qasir Danyal , Morris Andrew Conway
Published: January 2022

Pneumonia is the commonest nosocomial infection complicating hospital stay, with both non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurring frequently amongst patients in intensive care. Aspergillus is an increasingly recognized pathogen amongst patients with HAP and VAP, and is associated with significantly increased mortality if left untreated.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was originally identified in patients who had been profoundly immunosuppressed, however, this disease can also occur in patients with relative immunosuppression such as critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Patients in ICU commonly have several risk factors for IPA, with the inflamed pulmonary environment providing a niche for aspergillus growth.

An understanding of the true prevalence of this condition amongst ICU patients, and its specific rate in patients with HAP or VAP is hampered by difficulties in diagnosis. Establishing a definitive diagnosis requires tissue biopsy, which is seldom practical in critically ill patients, so imperfect proxy measures are required. Clinical and radiological findings in ventilated patients are frequently non-specific. The best-established test is galactomannan antigen level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, although this must be interpreted in the clinical context as false positive results can occur. Acknowledging these limitations, the best estimates of the prevalence of IPA range from 0.3 to 5% amongst all ICU patients, 12% amongst patients with VAP and 7 to 28% amongst ventilated patients with influenza.

Antifungal triazoles including voriconazole are the first-line therapy choice in most cases. Amphotericin has excellent antimold coverage, but a less advantageous side effect profile. Echinocandins are less effective against IPA, but may play a role in rescue therapy, or as an adjuvant to triazole therapy.

A high index of suspicion for IPA should be maintained when investigating patients with HAP or VAP, especially when they have specific risk factors or are not responding to appropriate empiric antibacterial therapy.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia/Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis in COVID-19
Authors: Rouzé Anahita , Nseir Saad
Published: January 2022

Although few studies evaluated the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in COVID-19 patients, several studies evaluated the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in these patients. Based on the results of a large multicenter European study, VAP incidence is higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (36.1%), as compared with those with influenza pneumonia (22.2%), or no viral infection at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (16.5%). Potential explanation for the high incidence of VAP in COVID-19 patients includes long duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, high incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and immune-suppressive treatment. Specific risk factors for VAP, including SARS-CoV-2-related pulmonary lesions, and bacteria–virus interaction in lung microbiota might also play a role in VAP pathogenesis. VAP is associated with increased mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay in COVID-19 patients. Further studies should focus on the incidence of HAP especially in ICU non-ventilated patients, better determine the pathophysiology of these infections, and evaluate the accuracy of currently available treatment guidelines in COVID-19 patients.
Nebulized Antibiotics for Healthcare- and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Boisson Matthieu , Bouglé Adrien , Sole-Lleonart Candela , Dhanani Jayesh , Arvaniti Kostoula , Rello Jordi , Rouby Jean-Jacques , Mimoz Olivier ,   On Behalf of the European Investigator Network for Nebulized Antibiotics in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (ENAVAP)
Published: January 2022

Global emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria has increased the risk of treatment failure, especially for healthcare- or ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP). Nebulization of antibiotics, by providing high intrapulmonary antibiotic concentrations, represents a promising approach to optimize the treatment of HAP/VAP due to multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, while limiting systemic antibiotic exposure. Aminoglycosides and colistin methanesulfonate are the most common nebulized antibiotics. Although optimal nebulized drug dosing regimen is not clearly established, high antibiotic doses should be administered using vibrating-mesh nebulizer with optimized ventilator settings to ensure safe and effective intrapulmonary concentrations. When used preventively, nebulized antibiotics reduced the incidence of VAP without any effect on mortality. This approach is not yet recommended and large randomized controlled trials should be conducted to confirm its benefit and explore the impact on antibiotic selection pressure. Compared with high-dose intravenous administration, high-dose nebulized colistin methanesulfonate seems to be more effective and safer in the treatment of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis and VAP caused by multidrug resistant and extensive-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria. Adjunctive nebulized aminoglycosides could increase the clinical cure rate and bacteriological eradication in patients suffering from HAP/VAP due to multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. As nebulized aminoglycosides broadly diffuse in the systemic circulation of patients with extensive bronchopneumonia, monitoring of plasma trough concentrations is recommended during the period of nebulization. Large randomized controlled trials comparing high dose of nebulized colistin methanesulfonate to high dose of intravenous colistin methanesulfonate or to intravenous new β-lactams in HAP/VAP due to multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are urgently needed.
Gastroesophageal Reflux after Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Bapaye Amol , Gandhi Ashish , Bapaye Jay
Published: January 2022

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an accepted treatment for achalasia cardia (AC), and results are comparable to those of laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). In recent years, several reports have confirmed higher incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) following POEM. This review evaluates the current evidence regarding post-POEM GER, critically examines the potential contributing factors responsible for GER, limitations of the current available functional testing, and precautions and preventive measures, and provides future directions for research. Factors conclusively contributing to increased post-POEM GER include injury to the sling fibers of the lower esophageal sphincter, length of gastric myotomy > 2 cm, and others. Historically, these same factors have been implicated for development of GER after surgical (laparoscopic) myotomy. Although less invasive, optimal technique of POEM may be important to control post-POEM GER. Most post-POEM GER occurs during the immediate post-POEM period, is mild, and is easily treatable using proton-pump inhibitors. GER incidence plateaus at 2 years and is comparable to that after LHM. Patients should therefore be prescribed proton-pump inhibitors for at least 2 years. Antireflux procedures (ARPs) are infrequently required in these patients as the incidence of refractory GER is low. Novel ARPs have been recently described and are currently under evaluation. Conclusive diagnosis of GER is a clinical challenge. Most patients are asymptomatic, and GER is diagnosed only on abnormal esophageal acid exposure (EAE). Studies have demonstrated that current measures to diagnose GER are inadequate, inaccurate, and cannot differentiate between true GER and abnormal EAE due to food fermentation in the distal esophagus. The Lyon Consensus criteria should be implemented for confirmation of diagnosis of GER. Finally, the review recommends an evidence-based clinical algorithm for evaluation and management of post-POEM GER and provides guidelines for future research in this field.