bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D‐Printed Anisotropic Nanofiber Composites with Gradual Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lackner Florian , Knechtl Ivan , Novak Maximilian , Nagaraj Chandran , Dobaj Štiglic Andreja , Kargl Rupert , Olschewski Andrea , Stana Kleinschek Karin , Mohan Tamilselvan
Published: February 2023

3D printing of bio‐based nanomaterials into complex structures with design flexibility, structural anisotropy, and long‐term stability is a key issue for biomedical applications. Herein, 3D‐printed and ionically crosslinked structures with anisotropic, water‐proof, and tunable mechanical properties are fabricated using a polysaccharide ink composed of nanocellulose, alginate, and CaCO3 nanoparticles. The excellent shear thinning properties of the ink, combined with double or even triple extrusion, allow printing of complex structures (tubes, buckets, ears, and boat models) with high shape fidelity even after crosslinking. The anisotropically printed and crosslinked structures can be mechanically tuned by controlling the fiber orientation via the printing path, the amount of crosslinker, the type of acid used for crosslinking (weak to strong), and the storage medium. This allows for tailored flexibility and a tensile modulus of the materials in wet state ranging from 1 to 30 MPa. Application of hydrostatic pressure of 160–600 mmHg for 24 h with a physiological fluid to a tubular structure, a model for the cardiovascular system, shows no leakage or rupture in the tube. The great design freedom offered by 3D printing and spatially controlled structural anisotropy enable the production of tailored materials for soft robotics or biomedical applications.
Multifunctional Micro/Nanofiber Based‐Dressing Patch with Healing, Protection, and Monitoring Capabilities for Advanced Wound Care
Authors: Ha Ji‐Hwan , Kim Jae Yun , Kim Dahong , Ahn Junseong , Jeong Yongrok , Ko Jiwoo , Hwang Soonhyoung , Jeon Sohee , Jung Young , Gu Jimin , Han Hyeonseok , Choi Jungrak , Lee Gihun , Bok Moonjeong , Park Su A , Cho Yee Sook , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu
Published: February 2023

Considerable efforts have been devoted to developing wound dressings with various functions, including rapid cell proliferation, protection against infection, and wound state monitoring to minimize severe pain and the risks of wound‐caused secondary infections. However, it remains challenging to diagnose wound conditions and achieve integration of the above functions without specialized equipment and expertise in wound care. This study describes an electrospun composite micro/nanofiber‐based bilayer‐dressing patch comprising a healing‐support layer (hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and dexpanthenol) and a protective/monitoring layer (curcumin and polycaprolactone). The improved cell regeneration function and biocompatibility of the healing‐support layer enable rapid healing, as evidenced by the expedited growth of fibroblasts. The superior antimicrobial properties (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and visible color changes within the pH range of wound lesions (pH 6–9) of the protective/monitoring layer make the dressing suitable for advanced wound care. The wounds inflicted on BALB/c mice heal rapidly (12 days) without scars while the wound state can be diagnosed by the change in color of the dressing patch. The multifunctional wound dressing patch developed in this study is expected to promote wound healing and monitor wound state; thus, facilitating convenient wound management.
Re‐Entrant Microstructures for Robust Liquid Repellent Surfaces
Authors: Vu Hoang Huy , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Kashaninejad Navid
Published: February 2023

Superhydrophobic surfaces have many interesting applications because of their self‐cleaning, waterproof, anti‐biofouling, anti‐corrosion, and low‐adhesion properties. Accordingly, numerous surfaces with hierarchical micro/nanostructures are designed and engineered to achieve superhydrophobicity. However, these surfaces have two major problems. First, they lose superhydrophobic properties over time, primarily because of environmental conditions such as vibration, external pressure, evaporation, and pollution. Second, most superhydrophobic surfaces fail to repel all types of liquids, especially those with low surface tensions. To address this bottleneck, microstructures with re‐entrant curvature have emerged, demonstrating excellent liquid‐repellent abilities and robustness. Additionally, microstructures with re‐entrant curvature have significant applications in designing surfaces with unidirectional wetting properties for passive liquid handling. Accordingly, this review systematically summarizes the design and fabrication strategies of these re‐entrant microstructures. The emphasis is given to wettability studies and other surface properties of re‐entrant microstructures and their applications, especially for liquid self‐transporting. This paper also highlights the potential applications and remaining technical challenges of fabricating these structures. Finally, the study is concluded by providing the future directions in this promising field.
Thermally Responsive Hydrogels for Passive Temperature Regulation under Direct Sunlight
Authors: Xie Dajie , Li Wei , Richards Corey A. , Gao Haibo , Chen Chen , Miljkovic Nenad , Fan Shanhui , Lee Jae , Joshi Shailesh N. , Braun Paul V.
Published: February 2023

By spontaneously emitting midinfrared radiation to outer space through the atmospheric window and reflecting sunlight, daytime radiative coolers achieve notable passive cooling performance. However, existing daytime radiative cooling systems generally lack the ability to adaptively switch between heating and cooling states based on ambient conditions. Herein a passive thermal regulation system that features a temperature‐dependent switchable solar reflectance from 0.05 (low temperature) to 0.8 (high temperature) is presented. This, along with a ≈0.95 midinfrared emittance, it enables automatic switching between radiative cooling and solar heating. Switchablity is enabled using a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel which exhibits high solar scattering above its tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and transparency below its LCST. The lower part of the hydrogel is loaded with graphite to absorb solar energy in the heating state. In testing under sunny and partly cloudy outside conditions, this system maintains a temperature close to the set LCST.
The 8‐Hydroxyquinolinium Cation as a Lead Structure for Efficient Color‐Tunable Ionic Small Molecule Emitting Materials
Authors: Adranno Brando , Renier Olivier , Bousrez Guillaume , Paterlini Veronica , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Smetana Volodymyr , Tang Shi , Ågren Hans , Metlen Andreas , Edman Ludvig , Mudring Anja-Verena , Rogers Robin D.
Published: February 2023

Albeit tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) and its derivatives are prominent emitter materials for organic lighting devices, and the optical transitions occur among ligand‐centered states, the use of metal‐free 8‐hydroxyquinoline is impractical as it suffers from strong nonradiative quenching, mainly through fast proton transfer. Herein, it is shown that the problem of rapid proton exchange and vibration quenching of light emission can be overcome not only by complexation, but also by organization of the 8‐hydroxyquinolinium cations into a solid rigid network with appropriate counter‐anions (here bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide). The resulting structure is stiffened by secondary bonding interactions such as π‐stacking and hydrogen bonds, which efficiently block rapid proton transfer quenching and reduce vibrational deactivation. Additionally, the optical properties are tuned through methyl substitution from deep blue (455 nm) to blue‐green (488 nm). Time‐dependent density functional theory (TDFT) calculations reveal the emission to occur from which an unexpectedly long‐lived S1 level, unusual for organic fluorophores. All compounds show comparable, even superior photoluminescence compared to Alq3 and related materials, both as solids and thin films with quantum yields (QYs) up to 40–50%. In addition, all compounds show appreciable thermal stability with decomposition temperatures above 310 °C.
Mechanistic Insights into the Cycling Behavior of Sulfur Dry‐Film Cathodes
Authors: Fiedler Magdalena , Cangaz Sahin , Hippauf Felix , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan
Published: February 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSB‐LiS batteries) are considered among advanced candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems, as they break with restrictions and limitations that liquid electrolytes impose on lithium‐ion batteries and lithium‐sulfur batteries (LiS‐batteries), meaning enhanced safety and higher energy densities. However, investigations under realistic conditions on pouch cell level are challenging, as it is necessary to implement a scalable preparation method for sheet‐type cathodes with high sulfur utilization and loading. In this study, a solvent‐free process to prepare free‐standing cathode sheets with low binder content down to 0.1 wt% PTFE is demonstrated. The contribution of binder and electrolyte on the conversion reaction of sulfur is discussed. Sheet‐type cathodes reach nearly theoretical sulfur utilization of 1672 mAh gS−1 and outstanding reversible capacity retention with 72% of initial discharge capacity after 400 cycles by adapting cut‐off voltages to the stability window of the electrolyte. Furthermore, an all‐solid‐state pouch cell is demonstrated using the dry‐film cathode, which is successfully tested for 50 cycles at different C‐rates. Thickness monitoring of the cell stack gives fundamental insights into the volume change and breathing behavior of both cathode and anode.
Establishments and Evaluations of Post‐Operative Adhesion Animal Models
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhai Weijie , Yang Lan , Cheng Shujie , Cui Wenguo , Li Jinghua
Published: February 2023

After abdominopelvic surgery, there are 90–93% of patients who develop postoperative adhesions. Post‐operative adhesions can occur after various surgical procedures, which not only cause a series of complications but also increase the economic burden of patients. Based on the US FDA rules, anti‐adhesive products need to be deeply evaluated for their bio‐functionality in animal models before clinic entrance. However, to date, there are few literatures systematically summarizing the establish approaches and evaluation standards of various post‐operative adhesion animal models. Therefore, according to the importance of knowledge related to in vivo animal models, in this manuscript, the occurrence mechanism of post‐operative adhesion is systematically reviewed, which is followed by summarizing the construction methods of animal adhesion models at different organs, and then the common evaluation indicators including adhesion scores and histological characterization are listed. This review is a reference to the in vivo characterizations of anti‐adhesive materials.
Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology
Authors: Tang Dongmei , Tang Qiuyan , Huang Wei , Zhang Yuwei , Tian Yan , Fu Xianghui
Published: February 2023

Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents a simple but attractive strategy for the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as a dietary intervention for combating overnutrition has been extensively studied. Fasting has been practiced for millennia, but only recently have its roles in the molecular clock, gut microbiome, and tissue homeostasis and function emerged. Fasting can slow aging in most species and protect against various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. These centuried and unfading adventures and explorations suggest that fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions. In this review, recent animal and human studies concerning the role and underlying mechanism of fasting in physiology and pathology are summarized, the therapeutic potential of fasting is highlighted, and the combination of pharmacological intervention and fasting is discussed as a new treatment regimen for human diseases.
Targeted Degradation of PRC1 Components, BMI1 and RING1B, via a Novel Protein Complex Degrader Strategy
Authors: Park Kwang‐Su , Qin Lihuai , Kabir Md , Luo Kaixiu , Dale Brandon , Zhong Yue , Kim Arum , Wang Gang Greg , Kaniskan Husnu Ümit , Jin Jian
Published: February 2023

Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is an essential epigenetic regulator that mainly controls histone H2A Lys119 mono‐ubiquitination (H2AK119ub). B cell‐specific Moloney murine leukemia virus Integration site 1 (BMI1) and really interesting new gene 1B (RING1B) are PRC1 core components and play critical roles in the development of various cancers. However, therapeutic agents targeting PRC1 are very limited. In this study, MS147, the first degrader of PRC1 core components, BMI1 and RING1B, is discovered via a novel protein complex degradation strategy that utilizes the target protein's interacting partner protein (embryonic ectoderm development (EED)). MS147, which comprises an EED small‐molecule binder linked to a ligand of the E3 ligase von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL), degrades BMI1/RING1B in an EED‐, VHL‐, ubiquitination‐, and time‐dependent manner. MS147 preferentially degrades BMI1/RING1B over polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core components. Consequently, MS147 effectively reduces H2AK119ub, but not histone H3 Lys27 tri‐methylation (H3K27me3), which is catalyzed by PRC2. Furthermore, MS147 effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell lines that are insensitive to PRC2 inhibitors/degraders. Overall, this study provides a novel BMI1/RING1B degrader, which is a useful chemical tool to further investigate the roles of PRC1 in cancer, and a novel protein complex degradation strategy, which can potentially expand the degradable human proteome.
Tracing the Century‐Long Evolution of Microplastics Deposition in a Cold Seep
Authors: Feng Jing‐Chun , Li Can‐Rong , Tang Li , Wu Xiao‐Nan , Wang Yi , Yang Zhifeng , Yuan Weiyu , Sun Liwei , Hu Weiqiang , Zhang Si
Published: February 2023

Microplastic (MP) pollution is one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems. Cold seeps are characterized by methane‐rich fluid seepage fueling one of the richest ecosystems on the seafloor, and there are approximately more than 900 cold seeps globally. While the long‐term evolution of MPs in cold seeps remains unclear. Here, how MPs have been deposited in the Haima cold seep since the invention of plastics is demonstrated. It is found that the burial rates of MPs in the non‐seepage areas significantly increased since the massive global use of plastics in the 1930s, nevertheless, the burial rates and abundance of MPs in the methane seepage areas are much lower than the non‐seepage area of the cold seep, suggesting the degradation potential of MPs in cold seeps. More MP‐degrading microorganism populations and functional genes are discovered in methane seepage areas to support this discovery. It is further investigated that the upwelling fluid seepage facilitated the fragmentation and degradation behaviors of MPs. Risk assessment indicated that long‐term transport and transformation of MPs in the deeper sediments can reduce the potential environmental and ecological risks. The findings illuminated the need to determine fundamental strategies for sustainable marine plastic pollution mitigation in the natural deep‐sea environments.
Mobile and Self‐Sustained Data Storage in an Extremophile Genomic DNA
Authors: Sun Fajia , Dong Yiming , Ni Ming , Ping Zhi , Sun Yuhui , Ouyang Qi , Qian Long
Published: February 2023

DNA has been pursued as a novel biomaterial for digital data storage. While large‐scale data storage and random access have been achieved in DNA oligonucleotide pools, repeated data accessing requires constant data replenishment, and these implementations are confined in professional facilities. Here, a mobile data storage system in the genome of the extremophile Halomonas bluephagenesis, which enables dual‐mode storage, dynamic data maintenance, rapid readout, and robust recovery. The system relies on two key components: A versatile genetic toolbox for the integration of 10–100 kb scale synthetic DNA into H. bluephagenesis genome and an efficient error correction coding scheme targeting noisy nanopore sequencing reads. The storage and repeated retrieval of 5 KB data under non‐laboratory conditions are demonstrated. The work highlights the potential of DNA data storage in domestic and field scenarios, and expands its application domain from archival data to frequently accessed data.
Chemical Control of CRISPR Gene Editing via Conditional Diacylation Crosslinking of Guide RNAs
Authors: Lei Huajun , Zeng Tianying , Ye Xiaofang , Fan Ruochen , Xiong Wei , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiang
Published: February 2023

Conditional control of RNA structure and function has emerged as an effective toolkit. Here, a strategy based on a one‐step introduction of diacylation linkers and azide groups on the 2′‐OH of RNA is advance. Selected from eight phosphine reagents, it is found that 2‐(diphenylphosphino)ethylamine has excellent performance in reducing azides via a Staudinger reduction to obtain the original RNA. It is demonstrated that the enzymatic activities of Cas13 and Cas9 can be regulated by chemically modified guide RNAs, and further achieved ligand‐induced gene editing in living cells by a controllable CRISPR/Cas9 system.
Spatiotemporal Acoustic Communication by a Single Sensor via Rotational Doppler Effect
Authors: Zhang Chuanxin , Jiang Xue , He Jiajie , Li Ying , Ta Dean
Published: February 2023

A longstanding pursuit in information communication is to increase transmission capacity and accuracy, with multiplexing technology playing as a promising solution. To overcome the challenges of limited spatial information density and systematic complexity in acoustic communication, here real‐time spatiotemporal communication is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by a single sensor based on the rotational Doppler effect. The information carried in multiplexed orbital‐angular‐momentum (OAM) channels is transformed into the physical quantities of the temporal harmonic waveform and simultaneously detected by a single sensor. This single‐sensor configuration is independent of the channel number and encoding scheme. The parallel transmission of complicated images is demonstrated by multiplexing eight OAM channels and achieving an extremely‐low bit error rate (BER) exceeding 0.02%, owing to the intrinsic discrete frequency shift of the rotational Doppler effect. The immunity to inner‐mode crosstalk and robustness to noise of the simple and low‐cost communication paradigm offers promising potential to promote relevant fields.
Extracellularly Detectable Electrochemical Signals of Living Cells Originate from Metabolic Reactions
Authors: Koo Kyeong‐Mo , Kim Chang‐Dae , Kim Huijung , Cho Yeon‐Woo , Suhito Intan Rosalina , Kim Tae‐Hyung
Published: February 2023

Direct detection of cellular redox signals has shown immense potential as a novel living cell analysis tool. However, the origin of such signals remains unknown, which hinders the widespread use of electrochemical methods for cellular research. In this study, the authors found that intracellular metabolic pathways that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are the main contributors to extracellularly detectable electrochemical signals. This is achieved through the detection of living cells (4,706 cells/chip, linearity: 0.985) at a linear range of 7,466–48,866. Based on this discovery, the authors demonstrated that the cellular signals detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) can be rapidly amplified with a developed medium containing metabolic activator cocktails (MACs). The DPV approach combined with MAC treatment shows a remarkable performance to detect the effects of the anticancer drug CPI‐613 on cervical cancer both at a low drug concentration (2 µm) and an extremely short treatment time (1 hour). Furthermore, the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells could also be sensitively quantified using the DPV+MAC method even at a low passage number (P6). Collectively, their findings unveiled the origin of redox signals in living cells, which has important implications for the characterization of various cellular functions and behaviors using electrochemical approaches.
Cereal rye cover crop seeding method, seeding rate, and termination timing effects corn development and seedling disease
Authors: Marcos Fernando M. , Acharya Jyotsna , Parvej Md. Rasel , Robertson Alison E. , Licht Mark A.
Published: February 2023

Cover crops decrease nutrient leaching from high‐input cropping systems and improve soil quality. In Iowa, cereal rye (CR, Secale cereale L.) is the most adopted species due to its winter hardiness, high biomass productivity, and low cost. Field management of CR is still not completely understood, and as its adoption brings more complexity to farmers, especially with the uncertain effects on corn (Zea mays L.) yields, adoption is slow. Additionally, cover crops immobilize N and increase the inoculum of pathogens such as Pythium spp. A 2‐year field experiment was conducted at three locations in Iowa investigating the effect of two seeding methods, three seeding rates, and two termination timings (one location only) of CR on CR biomass and corn growth, root disease, and yield. Cereal rye biomass and consequently corn growth and development were not affected by seeding rate but by seeding method and termination timing. Broadcast CR produced an average of 3.5 times more biomass but 7.2% less corn yield than the drilled CR. Cereal rye when terminated late (3 days before planting [DBP]) produced 2.1 times greater biomass but 4.1% less corn yield compared to early termination (14 DBP). In general, greater root rot incidence and more Pythium clade B were detected in corn seedlings sampled from broadcast CR than drilled CR. Radicle rot incidence of corn was also greater in the late‐terminated plots in 1 year. Farmers should be careful using broadcast seeding and later termination of CR cover crop when planted before corn.
Identification of novel genes for age‐at‐onset of Alzheimer's disease by combining quantitative and survival trait analyses
Authors: Li Yi‐Ju , Nuytemans Karen , La Jong ok , Jiang Rong , Slifer Susan H. , Sun Shuming , Naj Adam , Gao Xiaoyi Raymond , Martin Eden R.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Our understanding of the genetic predisposition for age‐at‐onset (AAO) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is limited. Here, we sought to identify genes modifying AAO and examined whether any have sex‐specific effects.

Methods

Genome‐wide association analysis were performed on imputed genetic data of 9219 AD cases and 10,345 controls from 20 cohorts of the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium. AAO was modeled from cases directly and as a survival outcome.

Results

We identified 11 genome‐wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10−8), including six known AD‐risk genes and five novel loci, UMAD1, LUZP2, ARFGEF2, DSCAM, and 4q25, affecting AAO of AD. Additionally, 39 suggestive loci showed strong association. Twelve loci showed sex‐specific effects on AAO including CD300LG and MLX/TUBG2 for females and MIR4445 for males.

Discussion

Genes that influence AAO of AD are excellent therapeutic targets for delaying onset of AD. Several loci identified include genes with promising functional implications for AD.
Effect of Induced Transition on the Quantum Entanglement and Coherence in Two‐Coupled Double Quantum Dot System
Authors: Dahbi Zakaria , Anka Maron F. , Mansour Mostafa , Rojas Moisés , Cruz Clebson
Published: February 2023

Studying quantum properties in solid‐state systems is a significant avenue for research. In this scenario, double quantum dots appear as a versatile platform for technological breakthroughs in quantum computation and nanotechnology. This work inspects the thermal entanglement and quantum coherence in two‐coupled DODs, where the system is exposed to an external stimulus that induces an electronic transition within each subsystem. The results show that the introduction of external stimulus induces a quantum level crossing that relies upon the Coulomb potential changing the degree of quantum entanglement and coherence of the system. Thus, the quantum properties of the system can be tuned by changing the transition frequency, leading to the enhancement of its quantum properties.
Deuterodehalogenation Under Net Reductive or Redox‐Neutral Conditions Enabled by Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Wood Devin , Lin Song
Published: February 2023

Interest in deuterated active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is increasing as deuteration holds promise for kinetic isotope effect (KIE) regulated fine‐tuning of API performance. Moreover, deuterium isotope labeling is frequently carried out to study organic and bioorganic reaction mechanisms and to facilitate complex target synthesis. As such, methods for highly selective deuteration of organic molecules are highly desirable. Herein, we present an electrochemical method for the selective deuterodehalogenation of benzylic halides via a radical‐polar crossover mechanism, using inexpensive deuterium oxide (D2O) as the deuterium source. We demonstrate broad functional group compatibility across a range of aryl and heteroaryl benzylic halides. Furthermore, we uncover a sequential paired electrolysis regime, which permits switching between net reductive and overall redox‐neutral reactions of sulfur‐containing substrates simply by changing the identity of the sacrificial reductant employed.
Regulating the Synergistic Effect in Bimetallic Two‐Dimensional Polymer Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts by Adjusting the Coupling Strength Between Metal Centers
Authors: Fa Dejuan , Yuan Jiangyan , Feng Guangyuan , Lei Shengbin , Hu Wenping
Published: February 2023

Bimetallic electrocatalysts with its superior performance has a broad application prospect in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the fundamental understanding of the mechanism of synergistic effect is still limited since there lacks a practical way to decouple the influence factors on the intrinsic activity of active sites from others. Herein, a series of bimetallic Co−Ni two‐dimensional polymer (2DP) model OER catalysts with well‐defined architecture, monolayer characteristic, were designed and synthesized to explore the influence of the coupling strength between metal centers on OER performance. The coupling strength was regulated by adjusting the spacing between metal centers or the conjugation degree of bridge skeleton. Among the examined 2DPs, CoTAPP‐Ni‐MF‐2DP, which has the strongest coupling strength between metal centers exhibited the best OER performance. These model systems can help to explore the precise structure‐performance relationships, which is important for the rational catalyst design at the atomic/molecular levels.
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte with Weak Solvating Molecule Regulation for Stable Li Deposition in High‐Performance Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Cai Yichao , Hou Yunpeng , Lu Yong , Zhang Qiu , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun
Published: February 2023

Li−O2 batteries with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide‐based ionic liquid (TFSI‐IL) electrolyte are promising because TFSI‐IL can stabilize O2− to lower charge overpotential. However, slow Li+ transport in TFSI‐IL electrolyte causes inferior Li deposition. Here we optimize weak solvating molecule (anisole) to generate anisole‐doped ionic aggregate in TFSI‐IL electrolyte. Such unique solvation environment can realize not only high Li+ transport parameters but also anion‐derived solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Thus, fast Li+ transport is achieved in electrolyte bulk and SEI simultaneously, leading to robust Li deposition with high rate capability (3 mA cm−2) and long cycle life (2000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2). Moreover, Li−O2 batteries show good cycling stability (a small overpotential increase of 0.16 V after 120 cycles) and high rate capability (1 A g−1). This work provides an effective electrolyte design principle to realize stable Li deposition and high‐performance Li−O2 batteries.
Structural variety of Cu (II), Ni (II), and Co (II) complexes of a hydrazone based on 5‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐1,3‐thiazine‐2,6(3H)‐dione: Synthesis, spectroscopic, density functional theory, antitumor, and docking studies
Authors: Adly Omima M. I. , Shebl Magdy , Abdelrhman Ebtesam M. , El‐Shetary B. A.
Published: February 2023

New nickel (II), cobalt (II), and several copper (II) complexes have been synthesized from the hydrazone ligand (AHTDSH; H2L); which obtained from 5‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐1,3‐thiazine‐2,6(3H)‐dione with salicylaldehyde hydrazone. The structures of H2L ligand and the prepared complexes were confirmed by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The ligand behaves as bis (monobasic bidentate) and dibasic tetradentate chelating agent via azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen atoms. Octahedral geometries have been assigned for the prepared complexes. The Coats–Redfern equations were used to estimate the kinetic parameters (Ea, A, H, S, and G) of the thermal decomposition stages. The molecular structural characteristics of the ligand and its metal complexes were estimated based on density functional theory (DFT) level implemented in the Gaussian 09 software at B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level and the theoretical data were connected with the results of the experimental work. The anticancer activity of AHTDSH ligand and its complexes was demonstrated toward HepG2 cell lines. The interaction between the chemical and the active site of the CDK2 kinase was examined using a docking study of the hydrazone ligand and its complexes.
Study on the relationship of catalytic activities and o‐Ps annihilation properties of supported palladium species chelated by different functional groups
Authors: Li Linbo , Su Baogang , Shao Linjun , Zhou Shujing , Li Jinjing , Qi Chenze
Published: February 2023

A series of Schiff‐base functional groups modified MCM‐41 materials have been synthesized and used as the supports of palladium species. The chemical structures of MCM‐41 functionalized by nine Schiff‐base functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), whereas their grafting densities of functional groups were achieved from the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA). Small angle powdered X‐ray (SAX) patterns demonstrate that the ordered mesoporous structures of MCM‐41 were well retained after modification of functional groups and immobilization of Pd2+ cations. Moreover, the regular mesoporous structures of supports and homogeneous dispersions of Pd2+ cations were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopic (PALS) results revealed that the electronic and steric factors of functional groups could affect the o‐Ps annihilation properties of support Pd2+ cations. Meanwhile, the catalytic activities of these supported Pd2+ cations chelated by different functional groups were determined by the Heck reaction of iodobenzene with n‐butyl acrylate. At last, the catalytic activities of these supported Pd2+ cations were linearly correlated to their o‐Ps annihilation properties. This result demonstrates that the catalytic activities of supported Pd2+ cations chelated by different functional groups can be readily determined by the o‐Ps annihilation, which can be potentially used in the design and preparation of highly active palladium catalysts.
Evaluation of photodynamic therapy effects of novel zinc (II) phthalocyanine through a possible interaction with toll‐like receptor signaling pathway
Authors: Barut Burak , Yalçın Can Özgür , Altun Yasemin , Akkaya Didem , Barut Elif Nur , Baş Hüseyin , Biyiklioglu Zekeriya
Published: February 2023

In this work, 3‐({6‐[3‐(dimethylamino)phenoxy]hexyl}oxy)phthalonitrile (2) and the target zinc (II) phthalocyanine (3) and its ammonium derivative (3a) are synthesized, and the phototoxic effects of 3a were examined using different methods on A549 lung cancer cells. Then, the toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway was examined to determine the cell death mechanism in the A549 cancer cells. The results showed that 3a did not have noticeable cytotoxic actions on A549 cells at used concentrations. However, the compound markedly reduced the cell viability when irradiated by the red light for 5 and 15 min (LumaCare/LC‐122A/LC2020‐09‐784, Prob: LUM L [700 nm CL] [15 mW cm−2]). Additionally, Annexin V/PI staining suggested that the cells were induced apoptosis in the presence of 3a (1 μM) when irradiated with red light for 15 min. Furthermore, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and caspase‐3 significantly increased and phospho‐nuclear factor kappa B/total nuclear factor kappa B decreased compared with that of control group (p < 0.05). These results provide strong evidence that 3a is able to induce A549 cell death in a dose and a red‐light irradiation time‐dependent manner via apoptosis. Therefore, 3a might be an effective photodynamic therapy candidate for lung cancer treatment.
Synthesis of high hydroxyl value polyol from rubber seed oil by using Na2WO4/H3PO4/H2O2‐based catalyst complex formed in aqueous phase
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thi , Lan Pham Ngoc
Published: February 2023

Very high acid value rubber seed oil (RSO) and low acid value esterified rubber seed oil (RSOE) were used to synthesize high hydroxyl polyols in a one‐pot two‐temperature stage reaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectra and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra demonstrated the presence of hydroxyl groups in the polyols. By optimizing the influence of H2O2 content and technological conditions such as hydroxylation temperature, pre‐reaction time, and hydroxylation time, a suitable technological process for polyolization was found for each oil. With the same pre‐reaction time (20 min) and hydroxylation time (2 h), 100°C was the suitable temperature for RSOE polyolization and 110°C for RSO. Due to the very high acid value of RSO, the appropriate H2O2 content for its polyolization (DB (double bond)/H2O2 ratio of 1/1.75) needed to be larger than that for RSOE polyolization (DB/H2O2 ratio of 1/1.5). The catalytic selectivity in RSOE polyolization was very high (0.91), so the hydroxyl value of the RSOE polyol reached 500 mgKOH/g while it was only 393 mgKOH/g with RSO polyol.
A review focused on the superhydrophobic fabrics with functional properties
Authors: Antinate Shilpa Sagayanathan , Kavitha Sri Annadurai , Jeen Robert Robert Bellabai , Subbulakshmi Muthuswamy Shanmugasundaram , Hikku Gnanadhas Sobhin Osannal
Published: February 2023

Superhydrophobic (SH) property is a naturally occurring phenomenon that has a wide range of potential applications such as antiicing, anticorrosion, electrowetting, blood typing, and so forth, and therefore, inspires the researchers to mimic them over artificial surfaces to achieve desired properties. Low surface energy and suitable surface roughness are the two key factors that play a vital role in developing SH surfaces. Hence, when the target substrate is introduced with suitable roughness and consequently functionalized with low surface energy, SH can be incorporated. Owing to the SH's wide range of inherent properties such as stain‐resistant, self‐cleaning, flame retardant, oil/water separation, and so forth as well as tunable functionalities such as electrical conductivity, photocatalytic activity, UV‐protection, and so forth, the development of SH fabrics has gained a lot of research attention in recent years. In this context, the present review focuses on the different applications of SH fabrics and their recent research progress.
Two‐step novel aromatic polyimide synthesis and characterization: Survey of energy calculations and diode applications
Authors: Ata Ahmet Çağrı , Yildiko Ümit , Tanriverdi Aslihan Aycan , Ebiri Rüstem , Yiğit Evin , Orak İkram , Cakmak İsmail
Published: February 2023

Herein, aromatic polyimides (API) synthesis was carried out by polycondensation of the original diamine (new synthesis) and commercial dianhydride. The original diamine and API were characterized by different analysis techniques. In addition, experimental and quantum chemical calculations of the synthesized API were analyzed by density functional theory method. Quantum theory analysis of atoms in molecules was performed for a structural unit of the compound. Here, the proton transfer phenomenon was investigated. The main purpose of synthesizing API1 was diode application. Therefore, the Au/API‐p‐Si/Al diode was produced accomplishedly. When the electrical characterization of the obtained diode structure was made, electrical parameter values such as ideality factor (n) (between 1.9 and 3.8), barrier height (ΦB) (0.73–0.28 eV), and series resistance (Rs) (1270–40,187 kΩ) were calculated.
Development of soft polymer blend for copper ion detection by electrochemical route
Authors: Mane Savita S. , Joshi Girish M. , Shirsat Mahendra D. , Kaleemulla Shaikh
Published: February 2023

In the present work, we have prepared polymer blend of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by solution casting route. Blends were tested for various structural, morphological, and electrochemical techniques. Structural properties were investigated by XRD technique exploring the contribution conducting polymer in host system PVB exhibit amorphous nature. COO functional group contributed in blend configuration was confirmed by FTIR technique. Clustering of PEDOT:PSS in blend system were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Subatomic surface topology and increased roughness due to blending concentration of conducting polymer were analyzed by probe microscopy techniques. Increased softness of blends was confirmed by shore “A” durometer test. PVB/PEDOT:PSS blend was drop casted on glassy carbon electrode and employed for detection of various metal ions. It was deployed for electrochemical sensing of Cu2+ion. Electrochemical sensing investigation was done by differential pulse voltammetry technique. Performance of blends at 4.5 pH, 200 s deposition time and −1.2 V deposition potential was more accurate and sensitive toward detection of Cu2+ion. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibited rapid sensing response in the range of 1.6 to 8.3 μm.Furthermor,e an influence of many analytical parameters such as pH, deposition time and deposition potential on Cu2+ion investigation were disclosed. This investigation may be feasible to construct a very simple, fast, and efficient electrochemical sensing system for toxic heavy metals at low‐level concentration.
Recent advances in hydrogel coatings for urinary catheters
Authors: Dai Simin , Gao Yang , Duan Lijie
Published: February 2023

Catheters are commonly used in hospital treatment, but most of the medical materials used in the production of catheters are hydrophobic, with high surface friction and weak antibacterial properties, so a large amount of money is spent on the treatment of catheter‐related urinary tract infections worldwide every year. To improve the comfort of patients, weaken the friction and damage between urinary catheters and urethra, and reduce economic burden, coating the urethral catheter surface is a good strategy. Because of the softness, lubricity and functional network structure (load or graft different substances) of hydrogel, it has a wide range of applications for medical devices. In recent years, the studies of hydrogel coatings in urethral catheters have received more and more attention. This review mainly summarized the research progress of hydrogel coating in recent years, including its function and the method of guiding the grafting of hydrogel to the substrate, and the prospects in the future.
High‐quality modification of general polypropylene by the synergistic effect of zinc adipate, hydrotalcite, and polypropylene (SP179)
Authors: Shen Liang , Chen Zhenbin , Kou Jixiong
Published: February 2023

Owing to its excellent mechanical properties and good fluidity, polypropylene (PP) exhibits widespread applications; however, its unsatisfactory impact resistance hinders its further application. In this study, as a β‐nucleating agent, zinc adipate (ZnAA) was produced by the solution method. Next, the notch impact strength, melting index, and tensile strength of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were adopted as indices, and ZnAA, hydrotalcite (HT), and PP (SP179) were added into iPP to modify it and render high performance. Furthermore, the structure and properties of modified PP were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, as well as on an electronic universal material testing machine and a simple‐beam impact testing machine. Finally, the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of modified iPP was investigated by the Caze method. Results revealed that with the increase in the SP179 content to 50%, the maximum values of the notch impact strength and melting index of iPP of 26.01 KJ m−2 and 9.88 g (10 min)−1, respectively, are achieved, with a tensile strength of 28.22 MPa, and ZnAA, HT, and PP (SP179) have a synergistic effect on iPP modification. These results suggested that modified PP can be applied in more extensive fields, such as fenders, bumpers, and interior parts, with cost‐effectiveness.
Long term retention in δ‐PVDF thin film prepared by rapid ice quenching technique
Authors: Malik Pinki , Gupta Varun , Mishra Hari Krishna , Kumar Ajay , Mandal Dipankar
Published: February 2023

Ferroelectric δ‐phase comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (δ‐PVDF) thin films are prepared via spin‐coating followed by high‐temperature annealing and rapid ice quenching, where, the requirement of a high electric field (~MV/m) is circumvented. Herein, ferroelectric responses, that is, “write,” “erase,” and “read” pulses on as prepared δ‐PVDF thin film, have been demonstrated through piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). A metal‐ferroelectric‐insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) diode containing δ‐PVDF has shown a capacitance–voltage (C–V) hysteresis with a notable memory window of 7.5 V up to a temperature of 140°C, overcoming lower fatigue temperatures, limited by Curie transition in co‐polymer P(VDF‐TrFE). A very stable polarization state is reflected by a holding period of a capacitance state of 10 h, where only a 5% loss of its initial value is noticed. The excellent ferroelectric response and retention behavior of the δ‐PVDF thin film may open up new opportunities in the field of high‐endurance non‐volatile memories.
Ultrasensitive redox‐responsive ditelluride‐containing fluorinated Gemini micelles for controlled drug release
Authors: Shi Liangjie , Jin Yong , Bai Long , Shang Xiang , Li Yupeng , Zhou Rong
Published: February 2023

Polymer micelles have attracted much attention in the field of controlled drug release because of their excellent hydrophobic drug solubility and fewer drug side effects. However, insufficient sensitivity, insufficient dilution resistance, and ordinary therapeutic effect severely restrict the further development of current drug‐loaded polymer micelles. Here, the ditelluride group was introduced for the first time into fluorinated Gemini amphiphilic polymer (FnH12DiTeFnH12) to fabricate polymeric micelles used for controlled release. Camptothecin (CPT) loaded in the FnH12DiTeFnH12 micelles can be rapidly released in a controlled manner through the cleavage of ditelluride bonds by mild H2O2 and glutathione. Meanwhile, the synergism effect of the superhydrophobicity of the fluorocarbon chain and the special Gemini structure endows the drug‐loaded polymer micelles with excellent stability and drug‐loading content. Moreover, the in vitro studies revealed that the CPT@FnH12DiTeFnH12 micelles exhibited efficient uptake in Hela cells. Notably, about five times lower dosage of loaded CPT had a higher tumor cells growth inhibition than the free CPT, and cell membrane permeability became better with the increase of the fluorocarbon chain length. The CPT@FnH12DiTeFnH12 micelles exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties and good therapeutic effects, indicating their excellent potential for drug delivery and providing a novel avenue for chemotherapy.
Reinforcement‐material effects on the compression behavior of polymer composites
Authors: Jain Akash , Upadhyay Saloni , Sahai Ankit , Sharma Rahul Swarup
Published: February 2023

Additive manufacturing technique fused filament fabrication (FFF) has found widespread usage in a variety of sectors, because of its ability to produce parts with arbitrary geometries and intricate internal structures. This study focuses on the characterization of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composites under compressive force to learn more about how various nozzle diameter (ND) and infill pattern (IP) affect the fabricated specimens. The specimens are created with various combination of IPs (triangular, honeycomb, and rectilinear) and NDs (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm) utilizing three polymer composites namely carbon fiber filled PLA (CF‐PLA), carbon fiber filled PETG (CF‐PETG), and multi walled carbon nano tubes filled PLA (MWCNTs‐PLA). According to the findings, the higher ND improves the compressive properties of the polymer composites. The IP also has significant impact on the compressive properties of the fabricated specimens. The overall minimum compressive strength of 14.612 MPa at ND 0.2 mm and honeycomb IP for CF‐PLA specimen. The overall maximum compressive strength achieved is 45.269 MPa at ND 0.6 mm and rectilinear IP for MWCNTs‐PLA specimen. Therefore, the compressive strength is enhanced by 209.81% by modifying the process parameters and filament material. Based on statistical analysis using Taguchi method, the ND contributes highest, 79.61% to compressive strength of MWCNTs‐PLA specimens, but for CF‐PLA and CF‐PETG specimens, IP contributes highest, 52.65% and 57.91%, respectively. The aforementioned findings will be extremely useful to scientists attempting to achieve sustainability through the use of polymer composites and FFF process.
Conceptual modeling as language design
Authors: Shaw Ryan
Published: February 2023

Conceptual modeling is a broad practice encompassing knowledge organization, domain modeling, and knowledge representation. It is best understood not as a scientific process of discovery, but as a constructive process of language design. This constructive process involves both explicating differences of meaning implicit in some discursive tradition and revising those differences to improve that tradition. Understood this way, conceptual modeling can serve as the basis for a paradigm of information research and practice that does not reproduce fundamental asymmetries between researchers and the people they study, or between practitioners and the people they serve. Progress within this paradigm will involve combining methods from what have up to now been different traditions or modes of conceptual modeling. It will require paying closer attention to the historical and structural dimensions of discursive traditions and reimagining the function of critique.