bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Structures of S/C-Doped TiO2Anatase (101) Surface: First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Chen Qili , Liu Min , He Kaihua , Li Bo
Published: June 2014

The electronic structures of sulfur (S) or carbon (C)-doped TiO2anatase (101) surfaces have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) plane-wave pseudopotential method. The general gradient approximation (GGA) +U(Hubbard coefficient) method has been adopted to describe the exchange-correlation effects. All the possible doping situations, including S/C dopants at lattice oxygen (O) sites (anion doping), S/C dopants at titanium (Ti) sites (cation doping), and the coexisting of anion and cation doping, were studied. By comparing the formation energies, it was found that the complex of anion and cation doping configuration forms easily in the most range of O chemical potential for both S and C doping. The calculated density of states for various S/C doping systems shows that the synergistic effects of S impurities at lattice O and Ti sites lead a sharp band gap narrowing of 1.35 eV for S-doped system comparing with the pure TiO2system.
Damage Localization of Cable‐Supported Bridges Using Modal Frequency Data and Probabilistic Neural Network
Authors: Zhou X. T. , Ni Y. Q. , Zhang F. L.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an investigation on using the probabilistic neural network (PNN) for damage localization in the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge (TMB) and the cable‐stayed Ting Kau Bridge (TKB) from simulated noisy modal data. Because the PNN approach describes measurement data in a Bayesian probabilistic framework, it is promising for structural damage detection in noisy conditions. For locating damage on the TMB deck, the main span of the TMB is divided into a number of segments, and damage to the deck members in a segment is classified as one pattern class. The characteristic ensembles (training samples) for each pattern class are obtained by computing the modal frequency change ratios from a 3D finite element model (FEM) when incurring damage at different members of the same segment and then corrupting the analytical results with random noise. The testing samples for damage localization are obtained in a similar way except that damage is generated at locations different from the training samples. For damage region/type identification of the TKB, a series of pattern classes are defined to depict different scenarios with damage occurring at different portions/components. Research efforts have been focused on evaluating the influence of measurement noise level on the identification accuracy.
Cementless Fixation of Osteoporotic VCFs Using Titanium Mesh Implants (OsseoFix): Preliminary Results
Authors: Eschler Anica , Ender Stephan Albrecht , Ulmar Benjamin , Herlyn Philipp , Mittlmeier Thomas , Gradl Georg
Published: June 2014

Introduction. Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) affect 20% of people over the age of 70 with increasing incidence. Kypho-/vertebroplasty as standard operative procedures are associated with limitations like cement leakage, limited reduction capabilities, and risk for adjacent fractures. To address these shortcomings, we introduce a new minimal invasive cementless VCF fixation technique.Methods. Four patients (72.3 years, range 70–76) with VCFs type AO/Müller A1.3 and concomitant osteoporosis were treated by minimal invasive transpedicular placement of two intervertebral mesh cages for fracture reduction and maintenance. Follow-up included functional/radiological assessment and clinical scores and averaged 27.7 months (24–28).Results. Endplate reduction was achieved in all cases (mean surgery time: 28.5 minutes). Kyphotic (KA) and Cobb angle revealed considerable improvements postoperatively (KA 14.5° to 10.7°/Cobb 10.1° to 8.3°). Slight loss of vertebral reduction (KA: 12.6°) and segment rekyphosis (Cobb: 10.7°) were observed for final follow-up. Pain improved from 8.8 to 2.8 (visual analogue scale). All cases showed signs of bony healing. No perioperative complications and no adjacent fractures occurred.Conclusion. Preliminary results in a small, selected patient collective indicate the ability of bony healing for osteoporotic VCFs. Cementless fixation using intravertebral titanium mesh cages revealed substantial pain relief, adequate reduction, and reduction maintenance without complications. Trial registration number is DRKS00005657, German Clinical Trials Register (DKRS).
US Pilot Study of Lumbar to Sacral Nerve Rerouting to Restore Voiding and Bowel Function in Spina Bifida: 3-Year Experience
Authors: Peters Kenneth M. , Gilmer Holly , Feber Kevin , Girdler Benjamin J. , Nantau William , Trock Gary , Killinger Kim A. , Boura Judith A.
Published: June 2014

Objective. To report our experience with creating a skin-central nervous system-bladder reflex arc with intradural lumbar to sacral motor root microanastomosis to restore bladder/bowel function in spina bifida patients.Methods. Urinary/bowel changes from baseline to three years were evaluated with questionnaires, voiding diaries, urodynamics (UDS), and renal function studies. Treatment response was defined as CIC≤once/day with stable renal function, voiding efficiency > 50%, and no worsening of motor function.Results. Of 13 subjects (9 female, median age 8 years), 3 voided small amounts at baseline, one voided 200 cc (voiding efficiency 32%), 4/13 reported normal bowels, and 2/13 were continent of stool. Postoperatively, all had transient lower extremity weakness; one developed permanent foot drop. Over three years, renal function remained stable and mean maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) increased (P=0.0135). In the 10 that returned at 3 years, 7 were treatment responders and 9 had discontinued antimuscarinics, but most still leaked urine. Only 2/8 with baseline neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) still had NDO, all 3 with compliance <10 mL/cm H2O had normalized, 7/10 considered their bowels normal, 5/10 were continent of stool, and 8/10 would undergo the procedure again.Conclusion. Lumbar to sacral nerve rerouting can improve elimination in spina bifida patients. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT00378664.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children of Middle Eastern Descent
Authors: Naidoo Christina Mai Ying , Leach Steven T. , Day Andrew S. , Lemberg Daniel A.
Published: June 2014

Increasing rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are now seen in populations where it was once uncommon. The pattern of IBD in children of Middle Eastern descent in Australia has never been reported. This study aimed to investigate the burden of IBD in children of Middle Eastern descent at the Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick (SCHR). The SCHR IBD database was used to identify patients of self-reported Middle Eastern ethnicity diagnosed between 1987 and 2011. Demographic, diagnosis, and management data was collected for all Middle Eastern children and an age and gender matched non-Middle Eastern IBD control group. Twenty-four patients of Middle Eastern descent were identified. Middle Eastern Crohn’s disease patients had higher disease activity at diagnosis, higher use of thiopurines, and less restricted colonic disease than controls. Although there were limitations with this dataset, we estimated a higher prevalence of IBD in Middle Eastern children and they had a different disease phenotype and behavior compared to the control group, with less disease restricted to the colon and likely a more active disease course.
Genetic Aspects of Preeclampsia and the HELLP Syndrome
Authors: Haram Kjell , Mortensen Jan Helge , Nagy Bálint
Published: June 2014

Both preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome have their origin in the placenta. The aim of this study is to review genetic factors involved in development of preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome using literature search in PubMed. A familial cohort links chromosomes 2q, 5q, and 13q to preeclampsia. The chromosome 12q is coupled with the HELLP syndrome. TheSTOX1gene, theERAP1and 2 genes, the syncytin envelope gene, and the−670 Fasreceptor polymorphisms are involved in the development of preeclampsia. TheACVR2Agene on chromosome 2q22 is also implicated. The toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and factor V Leiden mutation participate both in development of preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome. Carriers of the TT and the CC genotype of theMTHFR C677Tpolymorphism seem to have an increased risk of the HELLP syndrome. The placental levels of VEGF mRNA are reduced both in women with preeclampsia and in women with the HELLP syndrome. The BclI polymorphism is engaged in development of the HELLP syndrome but not in development of severe preeclampsia. TheACE I/Dpolymorphism affects uteroplacental and umbilical artery blood flows in women with preeclampsia. In women with preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome several genes in the placenta are deregulated. Preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome are multiplex genetic diseases.
Reviewing the Literature of Inventory Models under Trade Credit Contact
Authors: Molamohamadi Zohreh , Ismail Napsiah , Leman Zulkiflle , Zulkifli Norzima
Published: June 2014

In the classical inventory models, it was assumed that the buyer pays for the purchased items as they are received from the seller. In practice, however, the seller allows the buyer to settle the account with a delay period. Such a contract has attracted the attention of many researchers and practitioners in recent years. Thus, this paper addresses the researches with delay in payment and presents pertinent information about developments and extensions of such models to provide an up-to-date review of the studies conducted since 1973 and assist in developing the future researches.
Cadmium Treatment Alters the Expression of Five Genes at theCda1Locus in Two Soybean Cultivars [Glycine Max(L.) Merr]
Authors: Wang Yi , Xiao Xue , Zhang Tiequan , Kang Houyang , Zeng Jian , Fan Xing , Sha Lina , Zhang Haiqin , Yu Kangfu , Zhou Yonghong
Published: June 2014

Westag 97 has larger capacity of Cd accumulation in roots which prevents Cd from translocating into stems and leaves; conversely, AC Hime has smaller capacity of Cd accumulation in roots; more Cd is transported into stems and leaves. The different capacity of Cd in roots between Westag 97 and AC Hime causes the different Cd concentration in seeds. Meanwhile, according to the different expression levels of RSTK, ISCP, and H+-ATPase between Westag 97 and AC Hime, RSTK may be involved in transporting Cd into stems and leaves; H+-ATPase may be correlated to the capacity of Cd accumulation in roots; and Cd caused some changes of fundamental life process which leaded to the different expression patterns of ISCP between Westag 97 and AC Hime.
Anr-Hiding Revocable Group Signature Scheme: Group Signatures with the Property of Hiding the Number of Revoked Users
Authors: Emura Keita , Miyaji Atsuko , Omote Kazumasa
Published: June 2014

If there are many displaced workers in a company, then a person who goes for job hunting might not select this company. That is, the number of members who quit is quite negative information. Similarly, in revocable group signature schemes, if one knows (or guesses) the number of revoked users (sayr), then one may guess the reason behind such circumstances, and it may lead to harmful rumors. However, no previous revocation procedure can achieve hidingr. In this paper, we propose the first revocable group signature scheme, whereris kept hidden, which we callr-hiding revocable group signature. To handle this property, we newly define the security notion called anonymity with respect to the revocation which guarantees the unlinkability of revoked users.
Surviving Metabolic Stress: Of Mice (Squirrels) and Men
Authors: Hait William N. , Versele Matthias , Yang Jin-Ming
Published: June 2014

Summary: Understanding how cancer cells survive harsh environmental conditions may be fundamental to eradicating malignancies proven to be impervious to treatment. Nutrient and growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, and low pH create metabolic demands that require cellular adaptations to sustain energy levels. Protein synthesis is one of the most notable consumers of energy. Mounting evidence implicates exquisite control of protein synthesis as a survival mechanism for both normal and malignant cells. In this commentary, we discuss the role of protein synthesis in energy conservation in cancer and focus on elongation factor-2 kinase, a downstream component of the PI3K–AKT pathway that behaves as a critical checkpoint in energy consumption. Cancer Discov; 4(6); 646–9. ©2014 AACR.
EML4–ALK Fusions: Propelling Cancer but Creating Exploitable Chaperone Dependence
Authors: Workman Paul , van Montfort Rob
Published: June 2014

Summary: The crystal structure of a conserved tubulin-binding region of the EML1 protein reveals a highly atypical fold in one of its β-propeller domains. Disruption of the EML1 core region domain in many of the oncogenic EML4–ALK fusion protein variants that drive non–small cell lung cancer explains their dependence on the HSP90 molecular chaperone, provides a basis to allow more precise patient stratification for therapy, and suggests a more general model for other oncogenic fusion proteins. Cancer Discov; 4(6); 642–5. ©2014 AACR.
Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors: Filling the Non “MET” Gap
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh S. , Khuri Fadlo R.
Published: June 2014

Summary: Ceritinib and other second-generation inhibitors have demonstrated promising anticancer activity in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, they can overcome resistance due to certain gatekeeper mutations acquired following crizotinib exposure. These agents now provide new options for the management of ALK-positive NSCLC. Cancer Discov; 4(6); 634–6. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Friboulet et al., p. 662
Soil Amendments That Slow Cancer Growth
Authors: Isacke Clare M. , Barcellos-Hoff Mary Helen
Published: June 2014

Summary: The recognition that the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor survival, growth, and response to therapy provides the rationale for considering it a therapeutic target. The article by Alspach and colleagues in this issue provides evidence that p38MAPK acts posttranscriptionally to promote the tumor-permissive secretory phenotype of both cancer-associated and senescent fibroblasts, and that p38MAPK inhibitors already in clinical trials have significant therapeutic potential. Cancer Discov; 4(6); 637–9. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Alspach et al., p. 716
Effect of Mild Pressure Applied by the Ultrasound Transducer on Fetal Cephalic Measurements at 20-24 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Kliper Yael , Ben-Ami Moshe , Perlitz Yuri
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mild pressure applied on the abdominal wall by the ultrasound transducer on fetal cephalic indices. Material and Methods: We examined by ultrasound 60 fetuses of healthy women, at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy, during routine prenatal evaluation. For every fetus biparietal diameter and head circumference were measured, with and without applying mild pressure by the ultrasound transducer. The weight and gestational age (GA) were calculated. Results: The pressure applied by the transducer had a significant effect on the cephalic indices and on the weight and GA evaluations (p < 0.001). Fetal positioning significantly affected the impact that applied pressure had on head circumference and on the weight evaluation derived from it (p < 0.05). Discussion: Applied pressure by an abdominal ultrasound probe affects cephalic indices and the derived weight and GA estimations. This may lead to incorrect diagnoses or hide pathological findings. The effect of applied pressure depends on fetal positioning. The examiner must be aware of this effect when evaluating the results of the measurements.
Levels of Maternal Serum Angiogenic Factors in Third-Trimester Normal Pregnancies: Reference Ranges, Influence of Maternal and Pregnancy Factors and Fetoplacental Doppler Indices
Authors: Lobmaier Silvia Martina , Figueras Francesc , Mercade Imma , Crovetto Francesca , Peguero Anna , Parra-Saavedra Miguel , Ortiz Javier U. , Crispi Fatima , Gratacós Eduard
Published: June 2014

Aim: To establish normal ranges of maternal placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio at 32-41 weeks' gestation and to evaluate the influence of maternal characteristics, and of fetoplacental Doppler. Material and Methods: Serum levels of PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were measured in 300 noncomplicated pregnancies (30 at each gestational week between 32 and 41). Quantile regression analysis was used to derive gestational age (GA)-adjusted normal ranges, and to account for characteristics that might influence serum levels. The relationship with Doppler indices was tested, including umbilical artery pulsatility index and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index. Results: PlGF decreased with GA from 32 weeks, while sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio increased steadily. None of the factors evaluated showed any significant influence on the levels of angiogenic factors. PlGF multiple of the median significantly correlated with mean uterine artery Doppler (R -0.17; p = 0.029). Conclusions: In normal pregnancies during the third trimester, serum PlGF decreases, sFlt-1 increases and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio increases with GA. Angiogenic factor levels needed no adjustment for factors such as smoking, body mass index, blood pressure or parity.
Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Preeclampsia at Triage
Authors: Wellmann Sven , Benzing Jörg , Fleischlin Silvia , Morgenthaler Nils , Fouzas Sotirios , Bührer Christoph A. , Szinnai Gabor , Burkhardt Tilo , Lapaire Olav
Published: June 2014

Introduction: To investigate the ability of cardiovascular plasma biomarkers to identify imminent preeclampsia (PE) among pregnant women at triage. Material and Methods: C-terminal pro-arginine vasopressin (copeptin), C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1), mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) were prospectively measured in pregnant women presenting at the obstetrical triage units of the University Hospitals of Basel and Zurich, Switzerland. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess and quantify the predictive ability of cardiovascular biomarkers. Results: Of the 147 included women, 27 (18.4%) were diagnosed at admission with PE. All biomarker levels were significantly higher in participants with PE as compared to controls. However, only MR-proANP, MR-proADM and CT-proET-1 were significant and independent predictors of PE, after taking into account the effect of various clinical confounders. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.62 (95% confidence interval 0.50-0.73) for copeptin, 0.64 (0.52-0.76) for MR-proADM, 0.71 (0.61-0.82) for CT-proET-1, and 0.83 (0.73-0.92) for MR-proANP. The combination of MR-proANP and MR-proADM resulted in the highest diagnostic performance (AUC 0.88; 0.79-0.96). Discussion: Assessment of the cardiovascular plasma biomarkers MR-proANP and MR-proADM holds promise to support diagnosis of PE at triage.
Serotonin-Related Polymorphisms in TPH1 and HTR5A Genes Are Not Associated with Escitalopram Treatment Response in Korean Patients with Major Depression
Authors: Kim Yong-Gu , Chang Hun-Soo , Won Eun-Soo , Ham Byung-Joo , Lee Min-Soo
Published: June 2014

Background/Aims: The genetic variations in serotonin-related genes may be associated with antidepressant treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD). The tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) gene and serotonin 5A receptor (HTR5A) gene are known to be involved in serotonin biosynthesis and signal transduction, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible interaction between the TPH1 gene and the HTR5A gene in the treatment outcome of escitalopram in MDD. Methods: In total, 245 patients diagnosed with MDD were recruited, and their symptoms were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD-17). The association between the TPH1 218A/C and HTR5A 12A/T polymorphisms and the clinical outcomes (remission, response and changes in HAMD-17 score) was investigated after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of escitalopram treatment using multiple logistic regression or multiple linear regression analysis. Results: No significant associations of TPH1 or HTR5A gene polymorphisms were observed with either response rate or remission rate at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after escitalopram treatment. In addition, the gene-gene interaction between TPH1 and HTR5A genes was not associated with the treatment outcome. Conclusions: Our results suggest that TPH1 218A/C and HTR5A 12A/T polymorphisms cannot predict treatment response in major depression.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Middle-European Molecular Sensitization Profiles to Pollen Allergens
Authors: Panzner Petr , Vachová Martina , Vítovcová Petra , Brodská Petra , Vlas Tomáš
Published: June 2014

Molecular diagnosis of allergy and microarray technology have opened a completely new avenue of insight into sensitization profiles from both the clinical and the epidemiological point of view. We used this innovative tool in the description of sensitization patterns in pollen-sensitized patients in Middle Europe. Immunoglobulin E detection using 112 different allergenic molecules was carried out employing the ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray system. Sera from 826 patients sensitized to at least one pollen-derived molecule were subjected to analysis. The highest observed sensitization rate was 81.0% to grass-specific molecules (the most frequent being Phl p 1; 69.6%). The second most frequent sensitization was 54.8% to Betulaceae-specific molecules (Bet v 1; 54.2%). Together, grasses and Betulaceae components (and their cosensitizations with other components) comprised the vast majority of pollen sensitizations. Unexpectedly frequently observed sensitizations were those to Cupressaceae-specific molecules (14.1%), Oleaceae-specific molecules (10.8%), and the plane tree-derived molecule Pla a 2 (15.5%). The sensitization rates for all other molecules were within the expected range (Art v 1, 13.6%; Pla l 1, 9.6%; Che a 1, 8.4%; Par j 2, 0.9%; Amb a 1, 0.8%, and Sal k 1, 0.5%). Cross-reacting molecule sensitization rates were found to be 12.4% for profilins, 5.0% for polcalcins, and 6.4% for lipid transfer proteins. Molecular diagnosis of allergy gives a more precise and comprehensive insight into pollen sensitization patterns than extract-based testing, allowing a better understanding of the sensitization process and regional differences. The data presented here may help to improve the diagnostic and allergen-specific treatment procedures in the respective region.
Voice Problems among Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients Diagnosed with Oropharyngeal pH Monitoring
Authors: Mesallam Tamer A. , Malki Khalid H. , Farahat Mohamed , Bukhari Manal , Alharethy Sami
Published: June 2014

Background and Objectives: There is a lack of consensus regarding the clinical presentation and diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). The aim of this study was to explore voice-related abnormalities in a group of LPR patients, diagnosed with a 24-hour oropharyngeal pH monitoring. Patients and Methods: Eighty-two patients with voice-related problems participated in the study. Diagnosis of LPR was made using a 24-hour oropharyngeal pH monitoring. Patients were divided accordingly into positive and negative pH groups. Comparisons between the two groups were done, including results of clinical presentation, Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), reflux symptom index (RSI), reflux finding score (RFS), and acoustic measurements. The correlation was conducted between Ryan scores and other variables including VHI-10, RSI, and RFS. Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups for RSI and VHI-10. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding clinical presentation, RFS or acoustic measures. Significant positive correlations were found between the Ryan composite measurements and both severity ratings (VHI-10, RSI). Conclusion: LPR clinical presentation appears to be non-specific in terms of symptoms and laryngeal findings. LPR appears to have an effect on the patients' self-perception of voice problems. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of LPR on acoustic measurements.
Successful Removal of a Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in the Craniovertebral Junction using an Occipital Artery to Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass
Authors: Ishi Yukitomo , Nakayama Naoki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Terasaka Shunsuke , Houkin Kiyohiro
Published: June 2014

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms arising from the gastrointestinal tract. The authors present a case of the successful removal of a metastatic GIST in the craniovertebral junction, using an occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (OA-PICA) bypass. The patient is a 54-year-old male who underwent his first surgery for a small-bowel tumor at the age of 45 and was diagnosed with GIST. Nine years after his primary diagnosis, the patient suffered from severe neck pain. MRI demonstrated a large demarcated mass adjacent to the right atlas. The right vertebral artery (VA), completely engulfed by the tumor, showed a narrowing and ended in the PICA. Poor collateral blood supply in the right PICA territory was presumed. To prevent ischemic complications, an OA-PICA bypass was performed prior to the tumor resection. After the OA-PICA bypass, the tumor associated with the right VA was successfully removed, and the patient was discharged without any neurological deficits.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Herbal Pharmacopuncture during FOLFIRI Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Jung-Woo , Han Jae-bok , Kim Sung-su , Seong Shin
Published: June 2014

According to the 2008 World Cancer Report by the World Health Organization (WHO), colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide. This case study evaluates the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment, including herbal pharmacopuncture (HP), as a complementary treatment during FOLFIRI chemotherapy. A 73-year-old male who was diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in September 2012 was treated concurrently with HP and FOLFIRI chemotherapy for 4 months. The effectiveness of the combined therapy was evaluated by CT. Furthermore, quality of life was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The tumor mass sizes of lung and lymph node metastases decreased, and the side effects caused by chemotherapy were mitigated. Based on these results, this case report suggests that Korean medicine treatment including HP therapy could be a complementary therapy for mCRC.
Extended Antitumor Responseof a BRAF V600E Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Vemurafenib
Authors: Ali Siraj M. , He Je , Carson Wade , Stephens Phil J. , Fiorillo Joseph , Lipson Doron , Palmer Gary A. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Miller Vincent A. , Sharman Jeffrey
Published: June 2014

Context: For patients with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment, systemic chemotherapy has limited efficacy. Such tumors frequently harbor BRAF V600E, and this alteration may predict responsiveness to vemura-fenib treatment. Objective: We report a metastatic PTC patient refractory to RAI treatment that underwent genomic profiling by next-generation sequencing. The sole genomic alteration identified was BRAF V600E on a near diploid genome with trisomy 1q. With vemurafenib treatment, the patient experienced a dramatic radiographic and clinical improvement, with the duration of an ongoing antitumor response exceeding 23 months. Design: Hybridization capture of 3,769 exons of 236 cancer-related genes and the introns of 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer was applied to >50 ng of DNA extracted from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy of a lymph node containing metastatic PTC and was sequenced to a high, uniform coverage of ×616. Results: A BRAF V600E alteration was identified with no other somatic genomic alterations present within a near diploid tumor genome. The patient initially received vemurafenib at 960 mg twice daily that was reduced to 480 mg twice daily due to rash and diarrhea and has experienced an ongoing antitumor response exceeding 23 months by both PET-CT and dedicated CT imaging. Conclusions: Genomic profiling in metastatic, RAI-refractory PTC can reveal a targetable BRAF V600E alteration without compounding somatic alterations, and such patients may derive a more prolonged benefit from vemurafenib treatment. Prospective clinical trials are ongoing to confirm our preliminary observation.
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Treated with Hochuekkito, a Kampo Medicine, following Steroid Treatment
Authors: Fukuchi Minoru , Sakurai Shinji , Kogure Toshiaki , Naitoh Hiroshi , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: June 2014

We report a case of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF) with complete remission and no relapses after therapy with steroids and Hochuekkito, a Kampo (i.e. traditional Japanese herbal) medicine. A 62-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of a retroperitoneal mass detected by computed tomography. The mass had a maximum diameter of 11.0 cm; it involved the left ureter and was associated with left hydronephrosis. After inserting a ureteral stent, we performed a biopsy by laparotomy. Histopathology revealed IgG4-related RF. The lesion disappeared after 7 months of steroid therapy. We subsequently used Hochuekkito as an alternative maintenance treatment because of steroid-related complications. The patient has not relapsed in the 3 years since starting the medication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of IgG4-related RF treated with Hochuekkito as a maintenance treatment.
Trousseau's Syndrome Caused by Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: An Autopsy Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yuri Takashi , Kato Kouta , Hirohara Junko , Kinoshita Yuichi , Emoto Yuko , Yuki Michiko , Yoshizawa Katsuhiko , Tsubura Airo
Published: June 2014

An autopsy case report of Trousseau's syndrome caused by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is presented, and seven previously reported cases are reviewed. A 73-year-old woman experiencing light-headedness and dementia of unknown cause for 6 months developed severe hypotonia. A hypointense lesion compatible with acute cerebral infarction was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an ill-defined large liver mass in the right lobe. The mass was not further investigated because of the patient's poor condition. She died of multiple organ failure, and an autopsy was conducted. Postmortem examination revealed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, fibrous vegetations on the mitral valves and multiple thromboemboli in the cerebrum, spleen and rectum. Trousseau's syndrome is defined as an idiopathic thromboembolism in patients with undiagnosed or concomitantly diagnosed malignancy. This syndrome is encountered frequently in patients with mucin-producing carcinomas, while the incidence in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is uncommon. We found that tissue factor and mucin tumor marker (CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA-125) expression in cancer cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of thromboembolism. A patient with unexplained thromboembolism may have occult visceral malignancy; thus, mucin tumor markers may indicate the origin of a mucin-producing carcinoma, and postmortem examination may play an important role in revealing the hidden malignancy.
Ruptured Hepatic Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tajima Shogo , Suzuki Akira , Suzumura Kiyoshi
Published: June 2014

A 38-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to upper abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed a hepatic angiomyolipoma (AML; 10.5 × 9.5 × 7.0 cm in size), which had ruptured into the space between the liver and the diaphragm. Following transcatheter arterial embolization, surgical resection was performed. The tumor consisted of epithelioid cells (50-60%), mature fat (40-50%), and thickened-wall blood vessels. Considering the amount of epithelioid cells and their positivity for E-cadherin and β-catenin, the tumor was diagnosed as hepatic epithelioid AML. Cases of ruptured hepatic AML are rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the sixth case reported in the English literature.
Ocarina: Designing the iPhone's Magic Flute
Authors: Wang Ge
Published: June 2014

Ocarina, created in 2008 for the iPhone, is one of the first musical artifacts in the age of pervasive, app-based mobile computing. It presents a flute-like physical interaction using microphone input, multi-touch, and accelerometers—and a social dimension that allows users to listen in to each other around the world. This article chronicles Smule's Ocarina as a mobile musical experiment for the masses, examining in depth its design, aesthetics, physical interaction, and social interaction, as well as documenting its inextricable relationship with the rise of mobile computing as catalyzed by mobile devices such as the iPhone.
In-House Development of Paper Force Sensors for Musical Applications
Authors: Koehly Rodolphe , Wanderley Marcelo M. , van de Ven Theodorus , Curtil Denis
Published: June 2014

This article presents alternative ways to produce efficient custom force or pressure sensors using cellulose paper filled with carbon-black pigments. We have produced several prototypes of force sensors to observe and compare their response with applied forces with those of commercial sensors, as well as those of other conductive materials. Advantages of custom sensors are presented through the description of various examples of music controllers using several kinds of paper touch sensors with a large variety of size and shape. Our goal is to provide digital musical instrument designers with new strategies to circumvent the limited offering of commercial sensors, and to propose ways to exploit these concepts through a dedicated Web site.
Fitness Probability Distribution of Bit-Flip Mutation
Authors: Chicano Francisco , Sutton Andrew M. , Whitley L. Darrell , Alba Enrique
Published: June 2014

Bit-flip mutation is a common mutation operator for evolutionary algorithms applied to optimize functions over binary strings. In this paper, we develop results from the theory of landscapes and Krawtchouk polynomials to exactly compute the probability distribution of fitness values of a binary string undergoing uniform bit-flip mutation. We prove that this probability distribution can be expressed as a polynomial in p, the probability of flipping each bit. We analyze these polynomials and provide closed-form expressions for an easy linear problem (Onemax), and an NP-hard problem, MAX-SAT. We also discuss a connection of the results with runtime analysis.
Cloud and Aerosol Spectroscopy with Raman Lidar
Authors: Reichardt Jens
Published: June 2014

A spectrometer for height-resolved measurements of the Raman backscatter-coefficient spectrum of water in its gaseous and condensed phases is presented. The spectrometer is fiber coupled to the far-range receiver of the Raman Lidar for Atmospheric Moisture Sensing (RAMSES) of the German Meteorological Service and consists of a Czerny–Turner spectrograph (500-mm focal length) and a 32-channel single-photon-counting detection system based on a multianode photomultiplier. During a typical measurement (transmitter wavelength of 355 nm), the spectrum between 385 and 410 nm is recorded with a spectral resolution of 0.79 nm; the vertical resolution is 15 m and the height range is 15 km. The techniques outlined are those that are applied to calibrate the spectrum measurement and to monitor fluorescence by atmospheric aerosols that have the potential to interfere with the water observation. For the first time, Raman spectra of liquid-water, mixed-phase, and cirrus clouds are reported, and their temperature dependence is investigated by means of band decomposition. The spectrum-integrated condensed-water Raman backscatter coefficient strongly depends on cloud particle volume, but it is not tightly correlated with the cloud optical properties (particle extinction and backscatter coefficient), which implies that retrieval of cloud water content from optical proxies is likely impossible. Aerosol measurements are also discussed. Depending on type, aerosols may show no backscattering in the spectrometer range at all, or a featureless spectrum that stems quite likely from fluorescence. Finally, the example of a cloud forming in an aerosol layer demonstrates that the new instrument not only opens up new perspectives in cloud research but also contributes to studies of cloud–aerosol interaction.
Adaptive Range Oversampling to Improve Estimates of Polarimetric Variables on Weather Radars
Authors: Curtis Christopher D. , Torres Sebastián M.
Published: June 2014

One way to reduce the variance of meteorological-variable estimates on weather radars without increasing dwell times is by using range oversampling techniques. Such techniques could significantly improve the estimation of polarimetric variables, which typically require longer dwell times to achieve the desired data quality compared to the single-polarization spectral moments. In this paper, an efficient implementation of adaptive pseudowhitening that was developed for single-polarization radars is extended for dual polarization. Adaptive pseudowhitening maintains the performance of pure whitening at high signal-to-noise ratios and equals or outperforms the digital matched filter at low signal-to-noise ratios. This approach results in improvements for polarimetric-variable estimates that are consistent with the improvements for spectral-moment estimates described in previous work. The performance of the proposed technique is quantified using simulations that show that the variance of polarimetric-variable estimates can be reduced without modifying the scanning strategies. The proposed technique is applied to real weather data to validate the expected improvements that can be realized operationally.
Populist Unionism Confronts Austerity in Canada
Authors: Tufts Steven , Thomas Mark P.
Published: June 2014

The 2008 financial crisis continues to have profound implications for workers worldwide, as governments have embarked on “austerity” programs and employers have confronted organized labor with concessionary demands, placing unions on the defensive. At the same time, populist movements have arisen across North America and Europe as increasing numbers of people grow disenchanted with government action and corporate incompetence. We examine the interplay among what we characterize as “uneven austerity,” union strategic capacities, and rising populism. At the intersection of these processes, we see elements of “populist unionism” as the labor movement confronts both austerity and declining union power. The article develops this concept through an examination of organized labor’s engagement with the Occupy movement in Toronto, Ontario, and the growth of the Christian Labour Association of Canada.
The (in)securitization practices of the three universes of EU border control: Military/Navy – border guards/police – database analysts
Authors: Bigo Didier
Published: June 2014

What practices of (in)securitization involve the notions of border and border control in the European Union? How do these practices operate? How are they assembled? In the resulting assemblage, is the notion of borders – understood as state borders – still relevant for the control of individuals and populations moving across the frontiers of the EU? Drawing on empirical observations and with a specific focus on how border control is translated into different social universes, this article seeks to show that practices of control are routinely embedded in a practical sense that informs what controlling borders does and means. This practical sense is itself informed by different professional habitus and work routines involving deterrence and the use of force, interrogation and detention, surveillance of populations on the move and the profiling of (un)trusted travellers. Its strength varies in relation to its shared dimension by most of the operators, and is adjusted to the materiality of borders as well as to the local contexts in which it is deployed. It activates, or does not activate, the maximal use of various control technologies (satellites, pre-registration and interoperable exchange of data between the state and private bureaucracies, biometrics identifiers, body-scanners). For understanding practices of (in)securitization, actual work routines and the specific professional ‘dispositions’ are therefore more important than any discourses actors may use to justify their activities.
Improvising border security: ‘A situation of security pluralism’ along South Sudan’s borders with the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Schomerus Mareike , de Vries Lotje
Published: June 2014

This article compares two cases of securitization along South Sudan’s border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. By comparing how a security concern – the presence of the Lord’s Resistance Army – was interpreted and responded to, the article shows that border security practices in two borderscapes are improvised, contradictory and contested, and serve to establish authority rather than actually securing the border. This is apparent on three levels: (a) through the multiplicity of security actors vying for authority; (b) in how they interpret security concerns; and (c) in terms of what practice follows. The article argues that by allowing authority at the border to be taken by actors that are not under direct control of the central government, the South Sudanese state is developing as one that controls parts of the country in absentia, either by granting discretionary powers to low-level government authorities at the border or through tactical neglect. Processes of securitization by both state and non-state actors in the borderland are largely disconnected from the South Sudanese central government, which does not claim authority over this border and thus seemingly does not consider the lack of security for its citizens, and the parallel authorities, as a threat to central stability.
Postcolonial challenges to migration control: French–Moroccan cooperation practices on forced returns
Authors: Qadim Nora El
Published: June 2014

Analyses that develop a postcolonial critique of international relations and security studies have outlined the project of ‘decolonizing’ these disciplines and have underlined the importance of taking into account actors from the South. I seek to do so here through the study of migration policies, in particular by looking for the agency of state actors in so-called countries of origin. This article shows that the study of practices of cooperation is a good strategy for decolonizing the study of international relations. Based upon the example of mid-level cooperation on deportation between France and Morocco, this article focuses on two devices and the practices used for international cooperation on migration controls: the posting of immigration liaison officers and the statistical evaluation of cooperation. This case study shows that such practices open brokering spaces in the transnational security field and allow state actors from the South to challenge the dominance of the North.
Important Types of LAG–Municipality Interaction When Collaborating on Rural Development
Authors: Teilmann Kasper Aalling , Thuesen Annette Aagaard
Published: June 2014

This article analyses the prevailing types of interaction between two important actors, namely, Danish municipalities and the EU-funded LEADER Local Action Groups (LAGs), in a qualitative case study of LAG-Djursland. In addition, parallels are drawn to the national implementation of the programme through a quantitative study. The analysis addresses interaction at the policy-making (board) level, the operational (staff) level and the implementation (project) level and employs inter-organizational theory. The analysis concludes that at LAG-Djursland, the policy-making level has the least integrated mode of interaction with the municipalities, followed by the operational level, and the implementation level is the most integrated. However, the analysis indicates that the operational level is most important for achieving the objective of delivering rural development. The study shows that the municipalities are valuable partners in fulfilling the LAG objectives; however, it is difficult to define the inflection point at which municipalities become too dominant and come into conflict with the rationale behind the LEADER approach to self-governance in LAG partnerships.
Abattoirs, Meat Processing and Managerial Challenges
Authors: Charlebois Sylvain , Summan Amit
Published: June 2014

The meat processing sector is a significant contributor to the food economy, particularly in the Canadian province of Ontario. The sector contributed over $8 billion to the food manufacturing sector, and it employed over 647,000 people in 2011. In Ontario, there has been a great decline in the number of provincially licensed plants in the past 7 years. There were 183 provincially licensed slaughter plants in 2005; this number decreased to 142 by 2012. This study seeks to understand what challenges abattoirs and processors are currently facing and why abattoirs have closed in the past. The research shows that the major challenges facing abattoirs and processors are: regulatory challenges and administrative-related responsibilities, high overhead costs and a limited skilled labour force. These challenges have been mitigated by consumer preferences toward local food. Limitations of the study are presented and foundations for further research are suggested.
On Civil Society, Again: Civil Society, State and Public Policy in South India
Authors: Vaddiraju Anil Kumar
Published: June 2014

It is often assumed that civil society’s influence on governance can only be complementary to the state and that it must be exercised through conciliatory approaches. But contrary to that assumption, a study of civil society organizations in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh shows that the civil society may attempt to influence governance process through multiple strategies. These include conciliatory approaches, adversarial approaches and a combination of both, depending on the issue or policy on which the influence is sought to be exercised. This article illustrates this by taking the examples of two intermediary NGOs: one from Karnataka and the other from Andhra Pradesh. The question this article raises is: in the context of globalization and the supposedly prominent role of civil society, how effective are they? This article argues that they still happen to be subsidiary partners in the paradigm of ‘governance-through-networks’. By and large, public policy still happens to be influenced by, first the state, and second, multilateral donor organizations as well as multinational companies, although civil society activism itself should be welcome and need not be viewed with scepticism.
Book Review: Achin Vanaik, ed., ICSSR Research Surveys and Explorations: Political Science
Authors: Devare Aparna
Published: June 2014

Achin Vanaik, ed., ICSSR Research Surveys and Explorations: Political Science. Four Volumes: 1. The Indian State (175 pages) 2. Indian Democracy (287 pages), 3. Indian Political Thought (276 pages), 4. India Engages the World (567 pages). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2013. ₹ 3,995.