bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ostracoda and foraminifera response to a contaminated environment: the case of the Ex-Military Arsenal of the La Maddalena Harbour (Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Salvi Gianguido , Buosi Carla , Arbulla Deborah , Cherchi Antonietta , De Giudici Giovannie , Ibba Angelo , De Muro Sandro
Published: May 2022

Negative responses of biotic communities as trackers of pollutant dispersion has shown that microfaunal distribution can play a useful role in investigating marine coastal ecosystems. A detailed study was carried out on Ostracoda and benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the contaminated environment of the Ex-Military Arsenal of the La Maddalena Harbour, located on the south-eastern coast of La Maddalena Island (Sardinia, Italy), to investigate the responses to pollution of these micro-organisms in this area using integrated multidisciplinary approaches. The area is affected by industrial waste, mainly heavy metals, as well as by seasonally intense maritime traffic. The analysis of surficial sediment shows enrichment in pollutants including As, Hg, Zn, Cu, Pd, Cd and hydrocarbon (chain length C>12). Variability of the assemblages, population density, species diversity and frequency of deformity suggest that these microorganisms are promising monitoring groups for contaminated marine areas. A total of 28 genera and 42 species of ostracods (three species were found alive; 17 species are autochthonous in at least one sampling station, while 28 are always allochthonous), were collected, while only 9 genera and 16 species of living benthic foraminifera were recognized. The biocoenosis is poorly represented, and shows low values of biotic indices. On the other hand, the foraminiferal thanatocoenosis is diverse and rich, but a high percentage of abnormal tests indicates degraded environmental conditions in almost the entire area. Changes in biotic indices, presence of tolerant species and development of abnormal tests constitute the main responses of Foraminifera and Ostracoda to pollution in the examined area.
Methodologies for recovering calcareous nannofossils from bituminous claystone
Authors: Hunnig Bom Marlone H. , do Monte Guerra Rodrigo , Concheyro Andrea , Fauth Gerson
Published: May 2022

The usual methods applied to recover calcareous nannofossils from claystones are extremely simple, cost-effective and fast. Some samples, however, exhibit heterogeneous mixtures of biogenic materials, detrital particles and other aggregates that visually mask the coccoliths under the microscope. For instance, a high content of organic matter in associationwith calcareous nannofossil specimens was observed in outcrop samples of the Vaca Muerta Formation (Neuquén Basin, Argentina). To solve this problem, traditional preparation techniques are herein improved to aid better visualization of calcareous nannofossils. Sixteen tests were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated, testing the efficiency of some chemicals and physicals methods such as the addition of a solvent (oxidizing agent) in the smear slide technique, as well as the use of ultrasound in the random decantation technique.
Emendation and taxonomic revision of Miscellanea juliettae pfenderae and M. juliettae villattea with designation of the respective holotype
Authors: Leppig Ursula , Langer Martin R.
Published: May 2022

The description of two subspecies, Miscellanea juliettae pfenderae Leppig and M. juliettae villattea Leppig, is emended and a new holotype is designated. Both subspecies were previously described as subordinate units of Miscellanea juliettae, a species that has never been formally described. Here we provide the formal description of the species Miscellanea juliettae n. sp., and show that both subspecies are intergrading units of the same species. This results in retaining a single taxonomic unit, Miscellanea juliettae n. sp., leading us to abandon previous designations of subspecies rank.
A Study on Multi Phase Security Solutions to ATM Banking System
Authors: K. Krishna Prasad
Published: May 2022

The growth in electronic transactions and banking system has resulted in greater demand for fast access of banking transactions with the aid of Automated Teller Machine (ATM). The quick increment in the utilization of ATM transactions has been closely followed by the increase in ATM frauds. The security problem and fraudulent transactions are the biggest deterrents in the continuous or widespread use of ATM transactions. For the security of ATM just possession of password or prior knowledge of computer systems or ATM machines not altogether enough. In ATM, security is essential in different aspects including physical machines, transactions, user authentication and integrity and finally user security itself. Hence fraud prevention and security has become essential ingredients in order to increase the number of ATM users and to improve client trust and confidence over ATM’s. This paper explains about and examines the different types of security breaches in ATM banking systems. This paper also expounds improved security solutions to ATM’s in multiphase’s, which take into accounts all the aspects of security in all fields of ATM banking system, which is derived through focus group interaction. This paper could assume a functioning job in genuine research on ATM transaction framework security
Optimization of oil extraction from soybean by Response Surface Methodology utilizing d-Limonene as solvent
Authors: N. Lilian Chibuzor-Akujobi , Adio Salam Kamoru
Published: May 2022

Commercial oil extraction from soybeans is commonly achieved using solvent extraction with n-Hexane. The
desire for fewer harmful and less combustible solvents has fueled the search for suitable green solvents. In the
current investigation, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize oil extraction from soybeans
by d-Limonene as a solvent. Temperature was varied from 25 to 170 oC, solvent volume from 4 to 20 mL, contact
time from 30 to 360 min, particle size from 0.25 to 0.50 mm, and agitation rate from 50 to 200 rpm to study their
effects on the yield with the aid of a two-level, five-factor central composite design (CCD). The quality of
extracted oil using d-Limonene was compared to that extracted with n-Hexane by Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). The second-order model developed accurately predicts the extracted oil yield. A 55 percent
maximum oil yield was achieved at 170 °C, 20 mL solvent volume, 360 minutes, 0.5 mm particle size, and 200
rpm. Temperature, solvent volume, contact time, and particle size substantially influence the extracted oil yield.
The rate of agitation has minimal effect on the oil yield. The oil extracted at the process condition by d-Limonene
or n-Hexane has the same quality.
A jornada de aurora na transmídia
Authors: Gomes Sabrina Ramos , Moreira Wagner
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho busca analisar a forma de apropriação feita pelo jogo Child of Light das narrativas tradicionais de passagem para vida adulta em seu caráter metafórico e transmidiático. A narrativa do jogo, apresentada em versos, dialoga com alguns contos de fadas, principalmente com A Bela Adormecida. Tanto o nome da protagonista, Aurora, quanto sua condição inicial no jogo, a de estar em um sono profundo, remete-nos ao clássico infantil. Sendo assim, para a investigação proposta, pretende-se identificar e analisar as características específicas dos gêneros contos de fadas e videogame, assim como analisar sua estrutura narrativa, temática e elementos que contribuem para a interação leitor-obra nos dois gêneros em questão, a saber: os elementos textuais e paratextuais nos contos de fadas e os relacionados à jogabilidade no videogame. Pretende-se ainda comparar as narrativas, analisando a presença da intertextualidade. Como principal fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa destacamos: os estudos sobre literatura infantil de Peter Hunt; os estudos sobre a estrutura dos contos de fadas de Vladimir Propp; os estudos sobre jogos digitais de Juul, de Murray e de Ryan.
Active shooter mitigation strategies in small rural churches
Authors: Tzvetanov, MS Krassimir , Cline, PhD Travis , Thomas, MEd LCAS Grant , Wood Caleb , Dietz, PhD, PE J. Eric
Published: May 2022

Gun violence in places of worship (POW) has long been an issue and has been addressed repeatedly in the literature. Contextually, most of the research has been pertinent to relatively large POW, situated in an urban setting. However, rural churches have not been addressed, and they appear to have a far less defensive posture, mainly because of their remote location and the extended time required for first responders to arrive, which in turn requires a higher level of independent operation in terms of defense and medical response. Having retained an off-duty officer is a strong deterrent and provides the ability to handle any issues that may arise, including lower violence level events. If retaining an officer is not an option, having a well-trained volunteer armed team and a clear plan of action is vital to surviving such an event. Furthermore, due to the extended response and transport time, it is critical to have proper medical training, such as Stop the Bleed® and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. This article’s focus is not only on response but preparedness, which reinforces the response, as well as prevention and deterrence. An exhaustive best practices review has informed the solutions offered, supplemented by experience and recommendations of a highly experienced physical security expert and a police officer member of a Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team.
Software library for agent-based modeling and simulation of active shooter events
Authors: Frantz, PhD Braiden , Bott, MS Robert , Dietz, PhD, PE J. Eric
Published: May 2022

Software libraries have been used for decades to produce code in a quick and cost-effective manner. The use of well-designed libraries permits software developers and other professionals to create applications due in part to code reusability. Also, good libraries grant lesser skilled developers the opportunity to make high-quality applications they otherwise could not produce. In the field of active shooting incident (ASI) research, various tools have been used for years that give researchers the ability to conduct exploratory research. However, as good as these tools might be, there has been little thought about reusability of these models and associated code. This has hindered the proper advancement of the research field given that researchers must often start from nothing when building a new model. Constant repetition of the same basic tasks has not enabled researchers to expand model fidelity and has limited time to dedicate toward the problem set. This paper proposes the creation of a new agent-based ASI library, made for the AnyLogic® system. The library assists researchers in quickly creating models using a well-defined application programming interface. It also abstracts away implementation details so that the library user does not get waylaid in development. The authors also recreated parts of a large and powerful AnyLogic model to observe the resultant library employment. It was determined that a significant amount of time can be saved building new models, even with the initial version of the library implementation.
Assessing coprescription of opioids with central nervous system depressants for nonmalignant chronic musculoskeletal pain management in the outpatient setting
Authors: Zalmai, PharmD Rana , Bawa, PharmD Walter Agbor , Howard, PharmD Meredith , Rasu, PhD Rafia S.
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To determine annual prescribing trends of opioids and coprescription of central nervous system (CNS) depressants in nonmalignant chronic musculoskeletal pain from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). To determine patient and provider characteristics associated with coprescription opioids and CNS depressants.Design: The cross-sectional study analyzed NAMCS data from 2014 to 2016. Pain medications and CNS depressants were determined using Multum drug classification categories. All 30 medication entries were scanned in order to capture the maximum number of entries compared to previous studies. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine characteristics associated with opioid and CNS depressant coprescribing.Participants: Adults (18 years and older) with nonmalignant chronic musculoskeletal pain diagnosis based on ICD-9 codes were identified as the reason for visit.Results: A total of 47,973,413 weighted visits with nonmalignant chronic musculoskeletal pain were reported in the US ambulatory setting from 2014 to 2016. Amongst these patients, 31 percent were on opioids, of which 26 percent were also prescribed benzodiazepines, 8 percent NBSH, and 22 percent gabapentinoids. The annual prescribing rate of opioids decreased significantly in 2016 compared to 2014 (OR: 0.63, 95 percent CI: 0.43-0.94). Polypharmacy and tobacco use were associated with higher odds of having opioids and concurrent opioid with CNS depressants.Conclusion: Our study results are in agreement with previous studies that found a steady decline in opioid prescribing even with the inclusion of all 30 medications in our study. Likewise, as previous studies have found, certain patient characteristics continue to be significant for receiving opioid and CNS depressant prescriptions.
Organizational changes lead to a reduction in opioid consumption among chronic pain patients: A systematic review
Authors: Bache, MRHL, RN Nina , Geisler, PhD, CRRN Anja
Published: May 2022

Objective: To investigate the literature in terms of describing new ways to organize pain treatment for patients with chronic nonmalignant pain and the effect on opioid consumption.Design: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, REHABDATA, PsycINFO, and EMBASE using the methodology recommended by Cochrane. The data extraction was performed by Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time frame. The quality of the studies was rated by the Study Quality Assessment Tool or the revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence when suitable.Setting: Primary care clinics.Patients/participants: Patients with chronic nonmalignant pain in high-dose opioid treatment connected to a primary care clinic or the employed healthcare professionals.Main outcome measures: The primary aim of this Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review was to investigate if an organizational change in the follow-up procedures has an effect on high-dose opioid consumption in patients with long-term nonmalignant pain. Results: Out of 2,146 articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, mainly of an observational character. The majority of the studies were rated as good quality studies. As for the risk of bias, five studies were rated unclear, one study rated as high risk, and four studies as low risk of bias. One study could not be rated. All studies demonstrated a reduction in opioid consumption. Two studies investigated patients’ pain and quality of life, but no reduction was found between groups.Conclusion: The findings indicate that it is possible to detect a reduction in opioid consumption when a new follow-up procedure has been implemented.
ALTERAÇÕES PATOLÓGICAS RENAIS DECORRENTES DE UMA INFECÇÃO PRÉVIA POR SARS-COV-2
Authors: Costa Karoline Isabelle Nunes , Ribeiro Ana Carolina Branquinho , Costa Letícia Lopes , Silva Marília Lúcia Costa , Neto Lineu Campos Cordeiro
Published: May 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: A COVID- 19 é uma infecção respiratória aguda causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, caracterizada, principalmente, por manifestações pulmonares. No entanto, são observadas alterações patológicas extrapulmonares significativas, como o comprometimento renal, que pode evoluir para Insuficiência Renal Aguda (IRA). O mecanismo dessa infecção está relacionado com a desregulação imunológica, a tempestade de citocinas e a inflamação sistêmica, que provocam danos aos tecidos gerando uma disfunção endotelial e hipercoagulabilidade, as quais estão envolvidas na disfunção renal aguda. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os aspectos patológicos da insuficiência renal, decorrentes de uma infecção prévia por COVID-19. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura formulada a partir da seleção de artigos indexados no banco de dados da SciElo. RESULTADOS: Os mecanismos do processo inflamatório causados pela infecção do coronavírus cursa com alterações na estrutura do parênquima renal que prejudica sua função, comprometendo a homeostase do organismo. Durante a exposição renal ao patógeno, ocorrem lesão nos podócitos, presentes nos túbulos proximais renais, além de uma reação inflamatória tecidual, mediada por interleucinas. Essas reações e alterações, induzem a modificação da permeabilidade seletiva da membrana e a necrose tubular aguda. Dessa maneira, o manejo rápido e adequado do paciente com insuficiência renal é imprescindível para impedir a evolução dessa doença. Desse modo, ações terapêuticas devem ser individualizadas, de acordo com a categoria que o paciente se encontra, sendo a hemodiálise um dos procedimentos disponíveis para restabelecer o equilíbrio interno da função renal. CONCLUSÃO: A insuficiência renal aguda é uma das manifestações extrapulmonares que ocorre após a infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, que pode levar o paciente à hemodiálise, tornando uma das causas de atendimentos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. A exposição ao patógeno, provoca um dano tecidual direto, além de uma reação inflamatória, fazendo-o iniciar uma cascata de reações desencadeadas por interleucinas. Assim, devido aos sintomas causados pelo agravamento da IRA, a identificação e o atendimento inicial ao paciente deve ser rápido e objetivo, com intuito de evitar a evolução da doença.
Reflexiones sobre la reconciliación nacional
Authors: El Editor
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 579-580, 1997: 3-23.
programa agropecuario 1997
Authors: Romano Luis
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 579-580, 1997: 130-134.
Proyecto de inversión industrial: Una alternativa para el desarrollo comunitario del ejido forestal Basihuare, Chihuahua, México
Authors: Rascón-Solano Joel , Olivas-García Jesús M. , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar A. , Hernández-Salas Javier , Portillo-Vázquez Marcos , García-García Samuel A. , Galván-Moreno Viridiana S.
Published: May 2022

Introducción: Para potenciar las cadenas productivas en el estado de Chihuahua, es necesario evaluar la factibilidad de la instalación de industrias del aserrío en las comunidades y ejidos forestales. Objetivo: Formular un proyecto de inversión de industria del aserrío para el ejido Basihuare, Guachochi, Chihuahua y evaluar la viabilidad mediante la estimación de indicadores financieros y económicos. Materiales y métodos: Se hicieron proyecciones de abastecimiento del año 2020 al 2024 a partir de los registros de entradas de madera en rollo del género Pinus del año 2015 al 2019. Los coeficientes de aserrado, distribución de clases de madera aserrada y su precio en el mercado se determinaron con información histórica de una industria privada ubicada en Guachochi. La factibilidad se evaluó a través de la estimación del impuesto sobre la renta establecido en función de los ingresos. Resultados y discusión: Se determinó un valor presente neto de 16 194 605 MXN a una tasa de descuento del 12 %, tasa interna de retorno de 78.69 % y relación beneficio/costo de 1.25. Asimismo, se obtuvo un punto de equilibrio de 1520255 pie tabla producidos, un periodo de recuperación de 2.07 años y una rentabilidad económica de 61.14 %. Conclusión: Los indicadores fueron positivos en todos los casos, lo cual demuestra que el proyecto es financieramente viable. La metodología empleada para la formulación y evaluación de proyectos de inversión en el sector forestal puede ser replicada y adaptada por diversos núcleos agrarios.
Protocolo eficiente para aumentar el porcentaje de prendimiento en injertos de Pinus greggii Engelm. var. australis Donahue et López
Authors: Castro-Garibay Sandra L , Villegas-Monter Ángel , López-Upton Javier , Sandoval-Villa Manuel , Arévalo-Galarza Lourdes
Published: May 2022

Introducción: Las plantas injertadas de coníferas se utilizan en el establecimiento de huertos semilleros clonales, pero con la metodología utilizada actualmente se obtienen resultados poco satisfactorios. Objetivo: Comparar prendimiento y crecimiento de injertos con púas de Pinus greggii var. australis provenientes de plantas donadoras de vivero y de campo, injertadas en cuatro portainjertos. Materiales y métodos: Púas de P. greggii Engelm. var. australis Donahue et López, recolectadas en plantas donadora en vivero (PDPV) y de árboles en campo (PDPC), se dividieron en brote terminal y segmento basal e injertaron en P. greggii var. australis, P. patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham., P. teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. y P. leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. Se evaluó porcentaje de prendimiento, incremento en altura, diámetro, relación injerto-portainjerto y número de brotes (NB). Los datos de incremento en altura y diámetro se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y el NB se analizó con regresión Poisson. Resultados y discusión: Los prendimientos variaron de 93 a 100 %. El incremento mayor en altura se obtuvo en P. teocote (14 cm) con púa de brote terminal de planta en vivero, mientras que la combinación P. greggii/P. leiophylla presentó mejor relación injerto-portainjerto con valor de 1. El mayor NB se registró con púa de segmento basal de PDPV. La obtención de dos tipos de púa de una vareta hizo más eficiente el uso de material vegetativo. Conclusiones: El uso de plantas donadoras de vivero, portainjertos de 15 meses, y dos tipos de púa permitió tener plantas injertadas en tres meses. La metodología desarrollada fue eficiente, económica y rápida.
Ectomycorrhizal association of Astraeus aff. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan with an oak forest relict in the Altiplano Potosino, Mexico
Authors:   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Postgrado de Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales. Iturbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo. C. P. 78600. San Luis Potosí, México, Cabrera-Rodríguez Alejandra , Pérez-Moreno Jesús ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Edafología. km 36.5 carretera México-Texcoco. C. P. 56230. Texcoco, Estado de México, México, Torres-Aquino Margarita ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Postgrado de Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales. Iturbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo. C. P. 78600. San Luis Potosí, México, Olmos-Oropeza Genaro ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Postgrado de Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales. Iturbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo. C. P. 78600. San Luis Potosí, México, Martínez-Montoya Juan F. ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Postgrado de Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales. Iturbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo. C. P. 78600. San Luis Potosí, México, Palacio-Nuñez Jorge ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Postgrado de Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales. Iturbide 73, Salinas de Hidalgo. C. P. 78600. San Luis Potosí, México, Flores-Cano Jorge A. ,   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Carretera San Luis-Matehuala km 14.5, ejido Palma de la Cruz. C. P. 78321. Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, México
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In the high mountain ranges of the Altiplano Potosino there are relict forests of Quercusspp. The species of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with these ecosystems are so far unknown. Objective: To know the morphology of Astraeus aff. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan associated with Quercus species in three sites of scarce precipitation in the Altiplano Potosino. Materials and methods: Ectomycorrhizal fungi and vegetative structures of oak were collected during the rainy season for morphological characterization and identification. Soil physicochemical variables were evaluated by Tukey’s analysis of variance and least significant difference (P = 0.05), to identify differences among the studied sites (Cerro El Peñon Blanco, Sierras de Guanamé and La Mojonera). Results and discussion: The ectomycorrhizal species A. aff. hygrometricus was associated with Quercus potosina Trel.,Q. pringlei SeemenexLoes., Q. tinkhamii C. H. Muller and Q. striatula Trel. The fungi had five to 14 laciniae per basidiomata and the following diameter ranges: 13 to 20 mm (endoperidium), 42.3 to 57.4 mm (exoperidium), 8 to 10.1 μm (spore length), 4.4 to 6.9 μm (endoperidium hyphae) and 4.9 to 9.2 μm (exoperidium hyphae). Oak and fungal species were found in friable soils (sandy to clayey) with pH 5 to 7.7 and low nitrogen (<2 %) and high phosphorus contents (85 mg∙kg-1). Conclusion: The ectomycorrhizal association of A. aff. hygrometricus with oak species explains the survival of these shrub oak forests under the semi-arid environments of the studied sites.
Population structure and spatial distribution of oregano (Lippia graveolens H. B. K.) at the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-López Xareni , Ramírez-Herrera Carlos , Velasco-García Mario V. , Cetina-Alcalá Víctor M.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Oregano (Lippia graveolens H. B. K.) grows in semi-arid ecosystems. There is no information on the population dynamics of this species at the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (RBTC). Objective: To determine the vertical structure and spatial distribution of L. graveolens in five topographic conditions in the RBTC. Materials and methods: Ten sampling units were established in five topographic conditions (TC), where six plant height categories were defined. Density and structural variables were measured, from which IVI was obtained and population structure curves were constructed. The spatial distribution pattern was analyzed with the Ripley’s transformed function (L(t) ). Results and discussion: TC1 showed population curve type IV (low frequency in the first, third and fourth height categories, high in the second and fifth categories, and low in the rest) with lower density (100 plants∙ha-1; 1.6 %) in category 6 (>251 cm), and higher density (1 840 plants∙ha-1; 29 %) in category 4 (151 a 200 cm). For TC2 to TC5, the curve was V-type (low frequency in the first category, gradual increase up to the intermediate category, and gradual decrease in the rest) with lower density (20 plants∙ha-1; 0.4 %) in category 6, and higher density (2 320 plants∙ha-1; 51 %) in category 4 which also had the highest IVI (92.8 to 126.1). Spatial distribution was aggregated in TC1 to TC4 and randomized in TC5. Conclusions: Topographic conditions influenced the vertical structure and spatial distribution of oregano.
El cambio climático afectará la distribución del búho manchado mexicano (Strix occidentalis lucida Nelson 1903)
Authors: Salazar-Borunda Manuel A. , Pereda-Solís Martín E. , López-Serrano Pablito M. , Chávez-Simental Jorge A. , Martínez-Guerrero José H. , Tarango-Arámbula Luis A.
Published: May 2022

Introducción: El búho manchado mexicano (Strix occidentalis lucida Nelson 1903) es una subespecie amenazada por la destrucción del hábitat y sensible al cambio climático. Esta se distribuye en los bosques maduros de Estados Unidos y México. Objetivo: Determinar la distribución potencial histórica (1970-2000) y futura (2021-2040, 2041- 2060 y 2061-2080) del búho manchado mexicano bajo dos escenarios de cambio climático (SSP 245 y SSP 585). Materiales y métodos: La distribución potencial se modeló con el software R, utilizando el algoritmo MaxEnt, 155 registros de presencia geográficamente no correlacionados y cinco capas bioclimáticas. Las áreas de idoneidad ambiental se predijeron para ocho unidades de manejo ambiental de Estados Unidos y México. Resultados y discusión: Tres variables de temperatura contribuyeron en 93.1 % a la predicción del modelo: rango diurno medio (44.8 %), temperatura máxima del mes más cálido (28.8 %) y promedio del trimestre más frío (19.5 %). Los escenarios futuros mostraron pérdidas paulatinas y continuas de espacio bioclimático idóneo para el ave en siete unidades de manejo, especialmente en el escenario de altas emisiones (SSP 585) en la Sierra Madre Oriental de México (-56.1 a -96.4 %). La unidad de manejo ambiental Montañas Rocosas del Sur, en Estados Unidos, fue la única que ganó espacio bioclimático idóneo (51.3 a 167.2 %) en todos los periodos. Conclusión: Aunque los cambios no son significativos, la pérdida de áreas de idoneidad bioclimática inicia en el 2030 e incrementa en el 2041 y, por tanto, el cambio climático representa una amenaza actual para esta ave rapaz.
The effects of restrictive measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the extensive farming system of small ruminants
Authors: Yiakoulaki Maria D. , Tsiobani Eleni T. , Galliou Christina-Ioanna G. , Papaspyropoulos Konstantinos G.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Vigorous restrictive measures were imposed worldwide to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effects those measures had on
livestock production systems have not yet been sufficiently clarified. The literature has focused mainly on the impact of COVID-19 on the intensive
livestock production system, especially the meat and milk supply chain, as well as the welfare of animals, highlighting its fragility, but
failed to address the way the restrictive measures affected the extensive farming system of small ruminants. In this study, we aimed to investigate
the effect of the restrictive measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the parameters of sheep and goat extensive farming
systems. We used a survey and personal interviews to record the breeders' profile and the structural characteristics of the holdings, and we showed
that the restrictive measures had no effect on the parameters of small ruminant extensive farming systems, except for the daily work routine of
breeders, which was negatively affected in holdings with a high number of sheep. We expect this study to be helpful to policy makers regarding
formulating interventions for the resilience and the stability of the sheep and goat extensive farming system in future situations of emergency.
High number concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles in ambient aerosol particles and cloud water – a case study at the tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: van Pinxteren Manuela , Robinson Tiera-Brandy , Zeppenfeld Sebastian , Gong Xianda , Bahlmann Enno , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , Triesch Nadja , Stratmann Frank , Wurl Oliver , Engel Anja , Wex Heike , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) exhibit the properties of gels and
are ubiquitously found in the world oceans. TEPs may enter the
atmosphere as part of sea-spray aerosol. Here, we report number concentrations of TEPs with a diameter > 4.5 µm, hence covering a part of the supermicron particle range, in ambient aerosol and
cloud water samples from the tropical Atlantic Ocean as well as in generated aerosol particles using a plunging waterfall tank that was filled with the ambient seawater. The ambient TEP concentrations ranged between 7×102 and 3×104 #TEP m−3 in the aerosol particles and correlations with sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) (R2=0.5) suggested some contribution via bubble bursting. Cloud water TEP concentrations were between 4×106 and 9×106 #TEP L−1 and, according to the
measured cloud liquid water content, corresponding to equivalent air
concentrations of 2–4×103 #TEP m−3. Based on Na+ concentrations in seawater and in the atmosphere, the enrichment factors for TEPs in the atmosphere were calculated. The tank-generated TEPs were enriched by a factor of 50 compared with seawater and, therefore, in-line with published enrichment factors for supermicron organic matter in general and TEPs specifically. TEP enrichment in the ambient atmosphere was on average 1×103 in cloud water and
9×103 in ambient aerosol particles and therefore about two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding enrichment from the tank study. Such high enrichment of supermicron particulate organic constituents in the
atmosphere is uncommon and we propose that atmospheric TEP concentrations
resulted from a combination of enrichment during bubble bursting transfer
from the ocean and a secondary TEP in-situ formation in atmospheric phases.
Abiotic in-situ formation might have occurred from aqueous reactions of
dissolved organic precursors that were present in particle and cloud water
samples, whereas biotic formation involves bacteria, which were abundant in
the cloud water samples. The ambient TEP number concentrations were two orders of magnitude higher
than recently reported ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations measured at the same location. As TEPs likely possess good properties to act as INPs, in future experiments it is worth studying if a certain part of TEPs
contributes a fraction of the biogenic INP population.
Quantification of Motion-Induced Measurement Error on Floating Lidar Systems
Authors: Kelberlau Felix , Mann Jakob
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Floating lidar systems (FLS) are widely used for offshore wind site assessment and their measurements show good agreement when compared to trusted reference sources. Though, some influence of motion on mean wind speed data from FLS has to be assumed but could not have been quantified with experimental methods yet because the involved uncertainties are larger than the expected impact of motion. This study describes the motion-induced bias on horizontal mean wind speed estimates from FLS with the help of simulations of the lidar sampling pattern of a continuous-wave (CW) velocity-azimuth display (VAD) scanning wind lidar. Analytic modelling is used to validate the simulations. It is found that the error depends on amplitude and frequency of tilt motion, the relative angle between wind direction and tilt motion, and the strength of wind shear. The results are used to quantify the measurement deviation that is caused by motion for the example of the Fugro SEAWATCH Wind LiDAR Buoy (SWLB) carrying a ZX 300M lidar. For the test case of "normal" wave conditions, the bias is as low as 0.04 % and for "strong" waves the estimated error is -0.14 % of the measurement value. The reason for these low errors lies in a fortunate combination of the frequencies of lidar prism rotation and tilt motion.
Trace gas fluxes from tidal salt marsh soils: implications for carbon-sulfur biogeochemistry
Authors: Capooci Margaret , Vargas Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Tidal salt marsh soils can be a dynamic source of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), as well as sulfur-based trace gases such as carbon disulfide (CS2) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) which play roles in global climate and carbon-sulfur biogeochemistry. Due to the difficulty in measuring trace gases in coastal ecosystems (e.g., flooding, salinity), our current understanding is based on snap-shot instantaneous measurements (e.g., performed during daytime low tide) which complicates our ability to assess the role of these ecosystems for natural climate solutions. We performed continuous, automated measurements of soil trace gas fluxes throughout the growing season to obtain high-temporal frequency data and to provide insights into magnitudes and temporal variability across rapidly changing conditions such as tidal cycles. We found that soil CO2 fluxes did not show a consistent diel pattern, CH4, N2O, and CS2 fluxes were highly variable with frequent pulse emissions (> 2,500 %, > 10,000 %, and > 4,500 % change, respectively), and DMS fluxes only occurred mid-day with changes > 185,000 %. When we compared continuous measurements with discrete temporal measurements (during daytime, at low tide), discrete measurements of soil CO2 fluxes were comparable with those from continuous measurements, but misrepresent the temporal variability and magnitudes of CH4, N2O, DMS, and CS2. Discrepancies between the continuous and discrete measurement data result in differences for calculating the sustained global warming potential (SGWP), mainly by an overestimation of CH4 fluxes when using discrete measurements. The high temporal variability of trace gas fluxes complicates the accurate calculation of budgets for use in blue carbon accounting and earth system models.
A revised alpha-ejection correction calculation for (U-Th)/He thermochronology dates of broken apatite crystals
Authors: He John , Reiners Peter W.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Accurate corrections for the effects of alpha ejection (the loss of daughter He near grain or crystal surfaces due to long alpha-stopping distances) is central to (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. In the case of apatite (U-Th)/He dating, alpha-ejection correction is complicated by the fact that crystals are often broken perpendicular to the c-axis. In such cases the correction should account for the fact that only some parts of the crystal are affected by alpha-ejection. A common current practice to account for such broken crystals is to modify measured lengths of broken crystals missing one termination by a factor of 1.5, and those missing both terminations by a factor of 2. This alpha-ejection “correction correction” systematically overestimates the actual fraction of helium lost to alpha ejection, and thus overcorrects the measured date relative to that determined for an otherwise equivalent unbroken crystal. The alpha-ejection-affected surface-area-to-volume ratio of a fragmented crystal is equivalent to the surface-area-to-volume ratio of an unbroken crystal twice as long (for fragments with one termination), and equivalent to that of an unbroken crystal infinitely long (for fragments with no termination). We suggest it is appropriate to revise the fragmentation correction to multiply the length of crystals missing one c-axis termination by 2, and those missing both c-axis termination by some large number >~20, respectively. We examine the effect of this revised correction and demonstrate the accuracy of the new method using synthetic datasets. Taking into account alpha-ejection, rounding of the He concentration profile due to diffusive loss, and accumulation of radiation damage over a range of thermal histories, we show that the revised fragmentation alpha-ejection correction proposed here accurately approximates the corrected date of an unbroken crystal (“true” date) to within < 0.7 % on average (±4.2 %, 1σ), whereas the former method overcorrects dates to be ~3 % older than the “true” date, on average. For individual grains, the former method can result in older dates by a few percent in most cases, and by as much as 12 % for grains with aspect ratio of up to 1 : 1. The revised alpha-ejection correction proposed here is both more accurate and more precise than the previous correction, and does not introduce any significant systematic bias to the apparent dates from a sample.
Characterizing Uncertainties of Earth System Modeling with Heterogeneous Many-core Architecture Computing
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Zhang Shaoqing , Fu Haohuan , Wu Lixin , Chen Dexun , Gao Yang , Wei Zhiqiang , Jia Dongning , Lin Xiaopei
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Physical and heat limits of the semiconductor technology require the adaptation of heterogeneous architectures in supercomputers, such as graphics processing units (GPUs) with many-core accelerators and many-core processors with management and computing cores, to maintain a continuous increase of computing performance. The transition from homogeneous multi-core architectures to heterogeneous many-core architectures can produce “potential differences” that lead to numerical perturbations and uncertainties in simulation results, which could blend with errors due to coding bugs. The development of a methodology to identify the computational perturbations and secure the model correctness is a critically important step in model development on the computer system with new architectures. We have developed a methodology to characterize the uncertainties in the heterogeneous many-core computing environment, which contains a simple multiple-column atmospheric model consisting of typical discontinuous physical parameterizations defined by on-off switches, an efficient ensemble-based test approach, and a software tool applied to the GPU-based high-performance computing (HPC) and Sunway systems. Statistical distributions from ensembles of the heterogeneous systems show quantitative analyses of computational perturbations and acceptable error tolerances. The methodology explores fully understanding to distinguish between perturbations caused by platforms and discrepancies caused by software bugs, and provides encouraging references for verifying the reliability of supercomputing platforms and discussing the sensibility of Earth system modeling to the adaptation of new heterogeneous many-core architectures.
Cooperation in a Transboundary River Basin: a Large Scale Socio-hydrological Model of the Eastern Nile
Authors: Ghoreishi Mohammad , Elshorbagy Amin , Razavi Saman , Blöschl Günter , Sivapalan Murugesu , Abdelkader Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Abstract. While conflict-and-cooperation phenomena in transboundary basins have been widely studied, much less work has been devoted to representing the process interactions in a quantitative way. This paper identifies the main factors in the riparian countries’ willingness to cooperate in the Eastern Nile River Basin, involving Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt, from 1983 to 2016. We propose a quantitative model of the willingness to cooperate at the national and river basin scales. Our results suggest that relative political stability and foreign direct investment can explain Ethiopia’s decreasing willingness to cooperate between 2009 and 2016. Further, we show that the 2008 food crisis may account for Sudan recovering its willingness to cooperate with Ethiopia. Long-term lack of trust among the riparian countries may have reduced basin-wide cooperation. While the proposed model has some limitations regarding model assumptions and parameters, it does provide a quantitative representation of the evolution of cooperation pathways among the riparian countries, which can be used to explore the effects of changes in future dam operation and other management decisions on the emergence of conflict and cooperation in the basin.
To which extent are socio-hydrology studies truly integrative? The case of natural hazards and disaster research
Authors: Vanelli Franciele Maria , Kobiyama Masato , de Brito Mariana Madruga
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Given the recent developments in socio-hydrology and its
potential contributions to disaster risk reduction (DRR), we conducted a
systematic literature review of socio-hydrological studies aiming to
identify persisting gaps and discuss tractable approaches for tackling them.
A total of 44 articles that address natural hazards or disasters were
reviewed in detail. Our results indicated that: (i) most of the studies
addressed floods, whereas few applications were applied to droughts and
compound or multi-hazard events; (ii) none of the reviewed articles
investigated interactions across temporal and spatial scales; (iii) there is
a wide range of understandings of what “social” means in socio-hydrology;
(iv) quantitative approaches were used more often in comparison with mixed and
qualitative approaches; (v) monodisciplinary studies prevailed over multi- or
interdisciplinary ones; and (vi) one-third of the articles involved
stakeholder participation. In summary, we observed a fragmentation in the
field, with a multitude of social and physical components, methods, and data
sources being used. Based on these findings, we point out potential ways of
tackling the identified challenges to advance socio-hydrology, including
studying multiple hazards in a joint framework and exploiting new methods
for integrating results from qualitative and quantitative analyses to
leverage the strengths of different fields of knowledge. Addressing these
challenges will improve our understanding of human–water interactions to
support DRR.
Intellectually gifted but inherently fragile – society's view of female scientists as experienced by seismologist Inge Lehmann up to 1930
Authors: Lund Jacobsen Lif
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Celebrated for her 1936 discovery of the Earth's inner core, seismologist Inge Lehmann (1888–1993) is often portrayed as a trailblazing female scientist with an impressive international career. She is the inspiration behind Denmark's funding program designed to strengthen gender equality in scientific research. Yet, newly discovered documents show that Lehmann's path to a career in science was not at all straightforward. In a society where women were considered mentally and physically unsuited to academic studies, let alone scientific careers, gender bias and discrimination thwarted her ambitions and limited her early career options. Lehmann's letters to Niels Bohr document the disappointment and frustration with restrictions on women at Cambridge University that prompted her to return to Denmark. Her mental breakdown in the winter of 1912 likely resulted from academic overcompensation in attempts to overcome gender bias. After obtaining a Danish degree in mathematics, she became an underpaid clerical employee at the university. Only by pragmatically changing her field from prestigious mathematics to little-known seismology could she establish herself as a successful scientist.
How have LIS school curricula evolved over the past twenty years?
Authors: Chung EunKyung , Schalk Janet , Yoon JungWon
Published: May 2022

This study analyzed the Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) statistical reports from 1997 to 2020. This study demonstrated that over the past twenty years, the LIS trends of diversity and interdisciplinary work have all been well reflected in the LIS curricula both in iSchools and non-iSchools, and LIS schools are preparing their graduates for evolving information environments.
The right-leaning be memeing: Extremist uses of Internet memes and insights for CVE design
Authors: Bolaños Somoano Inés
Published: May 2022

This article constitutes a first step in understanding how Internet memes are used in extreme-right online milieus and formulating appropriate policy responses. First it looks at existing literature on memes as communication units. Secondly, it looks at the particular ways in which transnational extreme-right groups use Internet memes. Thirdly, it discusses the applicability of these memes to resilience-building projects targeting the extreme right. The article’s conclusions discourage the use of Internet memes by state and security actors, while highlighting positive uses by grassroots organisations. Some notes on further necessary research conclude the piece.
Understanding the #plandemic: Core framings on Twitter and what this tells us about countering online far right COVID-19 conspiracies
Authors: McNeil-Willson Richard
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the need and possibility for developing online resilience-based approaches in response to COVID-19 vaccine conspiracies, often linked to the far right. Examining three datasets collected between December 2020 and April 2021, this paper details conspiracy narratives that have developed around COVID-19 vaccines, with specific focus on understanding the deployment of the idea of a planned pandemic or so-called ‘#plandemic’. This is then used to consider where existing resilience-based approaches to countering off-line polarisation and extremism might posit an appropriate online response. The article identifies four key #plandemic framings of COVID-19 vaccines — as control, as reset, as unnecessary and as unsafe — and analyses how these themes are constructed, to find that they are often created through hostile and confrontational interaction with other users. Based on these findings, the conclusion suggests companies shift their focus away from ‘negative’ approaches to content moderation (e.g., content removal) and towards resilience-building responses that cultivate flexible individual identities, build community support networks, and/or engage users with national and supranational democratic structures, as a more effective response to the sharing of online conspiracies.