bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity and Winemaking Characteristics of Yeasts Isolated from Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. Wine Microbiota
Authors: Zhu Ling , Li Zhangxing , Liang Yupeng , Gao Xiu , Xu Qingfang , Liu Weiliang , Zhang Lifang , Cai Jian
Published: February 2025

The community of epibiotic yeasts significantly influences the quality of Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. wine. The yeast diversity in four different Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. wines during the brewing stage was investigated using pure culture methods and high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 229,381,292 sequencing bases were generated, yielding 323,820 valid sequences with an average length of 708 nt and identifying 93 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from naturally fermented samples of Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. wine for classification purposes. At the early fermentation stage, Hanseniaspora sp. was identified as the dominant species, whereas at the late fermentation stage, Hanseniaspora sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Candida californica became predominant. From these samples, a total of 109 yeast strains were isolated from Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. wine. Three specific strains—LZX-76, LZX-89, and LZX-104—were further selected based on their growth characteristics along with hydrogen sulfide production, ester production, ethanol production, and tolerance levels. Through morphological examination and molecular biology techniques, these strains were identified as Pichia fermentans and Hanseniaspora spp. Additionally, a total of 29 volatile compounds were detected through simulated fermentation processes; these included 12 esters, 6 alcohols, 2 acids, 4 aldehydes, and 5 other compounds. When compared to commercial yeasts used as starters in winemaking processes, it was observed that utilizing yeast strains LZX-76, LZX-89, and LZX-104 resulted in an increased number of volatile compounds, which enhanced the aromatic profile characteristics of Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. wine by making its aroma richer and more complex. The findings from this study hold significant potential value for both the production practices and research endeavors related to Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid. wine.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Important Foodborne Pathogens Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat and Associated Environments in India
Authors: Ayoub Haris , Kumar Murthy Suman , Dubal Zunjar Baburao , Bhilegaonkar Kiran Narayan , Nguyen-Viet Hung , Grace Delia , Thapliyal Sakshi , Sanjumon Ekkoruparambil Sethurajan , Sneha Elisetty Naga Pavana , Premkumar Dharavath , Rajendran Vinodh Kumar Obli , Deka Ram Pratim
Published: February 2025

The chicken value chain, a vital part of the global food supply, also represents a significant public health concern due to the risk of foodborne pathogens, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of significant bacterial pathogens including Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, and Klebsiella pneumonia. in retail chicken meat and associated environments and the antimicrobial resistance based on the articles published between January 2010–December 2023. The research adhered to the guidelines in the ’Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ (PRISMA). Based on 90 included studies, S. aureus showed the highest pooled prevalence (56%; 95% CI: 38–74%), followed by E. coli (50%; 95% CI: 37–64%), C. perfringens (35%; 95% CI: 10–65%), and K. pneumoniae (21%; 95% CI: 7–38%). Salmonella spp. (95% CI: 11–26%) and Campylobacter spp. (95% CI: 11–27%) exhibited similar prevalence rates at 18%, while L. monocytogenes had the lowest prevalence at 13% (95% CI: 1–33%). A sensitivity analysis was subsequently conducted to assess the impact of influential studies, and the pooled prevalence of each pathogen was recalculated after removing these studies to ensure the robustness of the results. The pathogens, specifically Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp., displayed high levels of resistance to medically important antimicrobials (erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, colistin), a potential threat to human health. This study advocates for a collaborative and comprehensive approach, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the issue, and highlighting the importance of a holistic strategy to safeguard public health and maintain antibiotic effectiveness in the face of emerging challenges.
Characterization of Fusarium venenatum Mycoprotein-Based Harbin Red Sausages
Authors: Li Xue-Li , Qi Xian-Ni , Deng Jia-Chen , Jiang Ping , Wang Shu-Yuan , Xue Xing-Li , Wang Qin-Hong , Ren Xiaoqing
Published: February 2025

Fusarium venenatum mycoprotein is an alternative, nutritious protein source with a meat-like texture. Here, F. venenatum mycoprotein-based Harbin red sausage was developed and characterized. The study focused on the effect of mycoprotein on the quality of red sausages, which were evaluated in five groups of red sausages based on nutrient content, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results showed that increasing the component of mycoprotein in red sausage increased the protein and volatile organic compound content but decreased the water and ash content. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between red sausage with 25% added mycoprotein and traditional red sausage in terms of redness and thawed water component, but the protein component was higher, the flavor substances were slightly richer, and the consumer preference was higher. These results suggest that moderate amounts of mycoprotein can improve nutritional value and maintain sensory quality, but that higher levels of substitution can adversely affect preference. This study highlights the potential of mycoprotein as an artificial meat that can strike a balance between improved nutritional value and sensory acceptability.
Chlamydia trachomatis: From Urogenital Infections to the Pathway of Infertility
Authors: Rodrigues Rafaela , Sousa Carlos , Barros Alberto , Vale Nuno
Published: February 2025

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a major cause of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, with significant implications for reproductive health. The bacterium’s genome contains highly polymorphic regions, influencing both the type and severity of infections. These genetic variations, particularly those occurring in the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene, are critical for classifying the bacterium into distinct serovars and enable CT to adapt to diverse host environments, contributing to its immune evasion, persistence, and pathogenicity. Persistent or untreated urogenital infections can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and pelvic inflammatory disease, ultimately increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and infertility. This review consolidates current knowledge on the genetic diversity of CT, its potential role in modulating infection outcomes, and its immune evasion mechanisms. By integrating scientific evidence linking chlamydial infections to infertility, we underscore the urgent need for targeted research to address this critical public health challenge.
The Role of Short-Form Video Apps in Mitigating Occupational Burnout and Enhancing Life Satisfaction Among Healthcare Workers: A Serial Multiple Mediation Model
Authors: Chung Donghwa , Meng Yanfang , Wang Jiaqi
Published: February 2025

Background: The intersection of occupational burnout and digital leisure activities has garnered increasing scholarly attention in recent years. However, limited research has examined how Chinese healthcare workers engage with short-form video apps as a stress management tool. Objectives: This study employs a serial multiple mediation model to explore the impact of occupational burnout on the use of short-form video apps and its subsequent effects on a sense of community, intrinsic rewards, and life satisfaction among Chinese healthcare workers aged 18–34. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey, with 362 valid responses, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression, and mediation analyses, including serial mediation via SPSS 25.0. Results: The results demonstrate a positive direct association between occupational burnout and the use of short-form video apps. Furthermore, the relationship between the use of short-form video apps and life satisfaction was mediated through two distinct pathways, namely, a sense of community and intrinsic rewards. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the expanding body of literature on the role of digital media in stress management and well-being among healthcare workers, as well as highlighting evidence-based digital interventions to support healthcare workers’ well-being in high-stress settings.
An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey
Authors: Anderson Ron Lawrence , Salvemini Filomena , Avdeev Maxim , Luzin Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Antique swords from the pre-colonial West African kingdom of Dahomey are aesthetically unique, but they also have many design features inspired by swords from Europe, the Islamic world and elsewhere. As the kingdom was famous for importing luxury European objects, this study aimed to pinpoint evidence of Dahomean sword composition and manufacture to determine scientifically whether they were being made in Dahomey, or imported. An inter-disciplinary team made up of historical archaeologists and neutron scientists examined six 19th century Dahomean swords, using a non-invasive multi-methodological approach based on neutron tomography, powder diffraction full pattern analysis and diffraction residual stress measurements. The findings suggest that, despite their foreign design influences, not only were these striking heritage objects made in Africa, they may also have been likely made from locally smelted iron–something that contradicts the assumptions of the few existing historical reports. This has important implications for studies on the kingdom, and also helps to further the long-standing debate surrounding European iron imports—not just within Dahomey, but throughout the wider West African region.
Development of Glutathione Hydrogel Carriers Containing Zinc Oxide Microparticles for Skin Regeneration Processes
Authors: Träger Dominika , Młyniec Katarzyna , Haraźna Katarzyna , Słota Dagmara , Niziołek Karina , Jampilek Josef , Sobczak-Kupiec Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Skin represents the largest organ in the human body, functioning as a protective barrier against environmental factors while playing a critical role in thermoregulation. Acne vulgaris is recognized as the most common dermatological condition affecting adolescents, and if left untreated, it can result in lasting skin damage and associated psychosocial challenges. This study aims to develop innovative polymeric biomaterials that could effectively support the treatment of acne vulgaris. The synthesis of these biomaterials involves the use of polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium alginate, and the antioxidant protein glutathione (GHS) to create polymeric hydrogels. These hydrogels were generated via a UV-mediated crosslinking process. To enhance the functional properties of the hydrogels, zinc oxide microparticles (ZnO), synthesized through a wet precipitation method, were incorporated into the formulations. Characterization of the ZnO was performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), particle sizer analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the bioactivity of the synthesized materials was evaluated through incubation in media simulating physiological body fluids. The cytotoxic effects of the biomaterials were assessed using an indirect test on mouse fibroblast (L929) cells, in accordance with ISO 10993-5 guidelines. The results of our research indicate that the developed biomaterials exhibit potential as a carrier for active substances, contributing positively to the treatment of acne vulgaris and potentially improving overall skin health.
Association of Selected STAT Inhibitors with Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jabłońska Karolina , Kmiecik Alicja , Nowińska Katarzyna , Piotrowska Aleksandra , Suchański Jarosław , Ratajczak-Wielgomas Katarzyna , Partyńska Aleksandra , Romanowicz Hanna , Smolarz Beata , Matkowski Rafał , Dzięgiel Piotr
Published: February 2025

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, and a higher level of prolactin-induced protein (PIP) is associated with better responses to adjuvant chemotherapy. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a potential regulator of the PIP gene. Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) activate JAK2/STAT5 signaling in BC, which is modulated by inhibitors like suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins and protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS). Using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, we studied the relationship between PIP and STAT5 inhibitors in BC. Our findings indicated that PIP and STAT5 levels decrease with a higher tumor grade, size, and tumor/nodes/metastasis (TNM) clinical stage, while nuclear PIAS3 levels increase with tumor progression. Both STAT inhibitors are linked to estrogen and progesterone receptor status. Notably, STAT5 correlates positively with PIP, SOCS3, and PIAS3, suggesting that it may be a favorable prognostic factor. Among the STAT inhibitors, only nuclear PIAS3 expression correlates with PIP. In vitro studies indicated that silencing PIAS3 in T47D cells does not affect PIP expression or sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX), but T47D control cells with a higher PIP expression are more sensitive to DOX, highlighting the need for further investigation into these mechanisms.
Detection of Depression Severity in Social Media Text Using Transformer-Based Models
Authors: Qasim Amna , Mehak Gull , Hussain Nisar , Gelbukh Alexander , Sidorov Grigori
Published: February 2025

Depression, a serious mental health disorder, requires accurate classification for effective intervention. Existing methods often fail to capture nuanced emotional and linguistic cues, leading to suboptimal classification of depression severity. This study bridges this gap by leveraging content-based approaches (N-grams) and context-based methods (Sentence Transformers), alongside advanced transformer-based models, to classify mild, moderate, and severe depression using text data sourced from Reddit. By demonstrating the effectiveness of modern NLP techniques in capturing subtle contextual variations, this research highlights the potential of transformer-based models to enhance depression severity detection. The proposed framework offers a scalable and adaptable solution for real-world mental health diagnostics and early intervention systems.
Enhancing Symbol Recognition in Library Science via Advanced Technological Solutions
Authors: Bernasconi Eleonora , Ferilli Stefano
Published: February 2025

This research introduces an artificial intelligence-based strategy for improving symbol recognition within the field of library science, concentrating on the creation and application of sophisticated technological solutions. Consistent with the objectives of the CHANGES project—Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Sustainable Society, which focuses on the enhancement and management of cultural heritage through a multidisciplinary and interinstitutional approach—this strategy employs convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for accurate symbol classification. A CNN model was developed using an extensive dataset comprising over 6000 symbols, implementing meticulous preprocessing, feature extraction, and supervised learning protocols. The methodological pipeline incorporates advanced image segmentation techniques to isolate symbols from complex manuscripts, followed by data augmentation to enhance model resilience. The system is supported by a high-performance computing framework to manage large datasets efficiently, thereby facilitating more precise identification and analysis. This integration of machine learning techniques, exhaustive data management, and computational capabilities significantly advances existing symbol recognition methodologies, providing scholars with a potent tool for assisting in the classification and interpretation of historical symbols. The findings corroborate the potential of AI-enhanced symbol recognition in contributing to the broader objectives of computational library science and historical research.
Potential of Beauveria Species Isolated from Southern Kazakhstan for Controlling Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) Populations Under Arid Conditions
Authors: Abdukerim Rauza , Mussina Meiramgul , Abysheva Gaukartas , Tumenbayeva Nagima , Mombayeva Bekzat , Karabayeva Assel , Amangeldi Nurgul , Amangeldikyzy Zamzagul
Published: February 2025

Environmentally sound insect pest management strategies require continuous isolation and identification of effective biocontrol agents from different ecosystems. The quest for fungal isolates that are adapted to high temperatures is particularly significant, as they hold the potential to produce mycoinsecticides that are highly effective in semiarid and arid areas. This study aimed to collect new virulent isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from Kazakhstan that show promise for controlling Colorado potato beetle (CPB) populations under arid conditions. Local isolates could be adapted to abiotic and biotic factors in the environment in which they survive. The findings of this study should provide insights into the species of EPF that inhabit a specific arid region of Kazakhstan, examining their traits in the regional climate, soil composition, and biological diversity. Throughout 2023–2024, a series of soil samples was collected from diverse locations within the Turkestan region of southern Kazakhstan for the isolation of EPF. The isolation of EPF was conducted using susceptible larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a host that does not have specificity for particular species of EPF. Using this insect bait, 41 pure cultures of EPF were isolated from soils in the arid zone of Kazakhstan. Polymerase chain reaction analysis based on the TEF1-α locus showed that all the isolates were indistinguishable from Beauveria bassiana ARSEF 2860 species. However, analysis of the ITS locus revealed two cryptic species: B. bassiana and B. pseudobassiana. For laboratory evaluation of biological activity EPF, the second and third instars of CPB were collected from potato fields in southern Kazakhstan and placed in plastic containers. Test CPB larvae were treated with conidia suspensions at 1 × 107 spores/mL and survival was recorded daily for 3 weeks. The results of the bioassays revealed that all the new Kazakhstan isolates were pathogenic to larvae CPB and caused complete mortality by the end of the 11-day. These results showed that new isolates of EPF were highly virulent against larvae CPB.
New Attractant Lures for Sampling Conistra vaccinii L. Populations: Bisexual Lures and a Sex Attractant (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Varga Zoltán , Nagy Antal , Szőcs Gábor , Jósvai Júlia Katalin , Tóth Miklós
Published: February 2025

The chemical ecology and host plant preferences of the different Conistra species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Xylenini) are mostly unknown, even though they are essential components of the herbivorous assemblages of temperate zone forests. During field studies, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14Ac) was identified as a sex attractant of Conistra vaccinii. Phenylacetaldehyde-based synthetic and iso-amyl alcohol-based semi-synthetic lures also attracted C. vaccinii, C. rubiginea, and C. rubiginosa, and in the case of C. vaccinii, they performed better than the newly identified sex attractant. The different efficiencies of the two bisexual lures probably reflected the different feeding source preferences of the species caught. The tested lures attracted both sexes and, thus, we can estimate the actual sex ratio. These traps can be used especially in applications where female samples are needed, i.e., surveys on the reproduction biology of moths (e.g., polyandry), or in surveys of population dynamics.
Acetazolamide for the Management of Diuretic-Induced Chloride Depletion Alkalosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alkhuzaee Fahad S. , Aldardeer Namareq F. , Althobaiti Omar A. , Aljuaid Abdulrahman S. , Alshehri Abdulmajeed M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that inhibits proximal sodium bicarbonate reabsorption, thus increasing urinary bicarbonate excretion. Despite its widespread distribution in the body and beneficial effects on alkaline diuresis, its efficacy and the optimal dosage and duration of acetazolamide in treating metabolic acidosis remain areas of uncertainty. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of acetazolamide in treating chloride depletion alkalosis, mainly induced by diuretics, through a systematic evaluation of clinical research data. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Embase. This review included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case reports. Data extraction included dose, route, frequency, indication, duration of therapy, patient demographics, and outcomes. Results: A comprehensive search strategy identified 107 studies, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria after full-text review. The reviewed studies encompassed two randomized clinical trials, one case–control study, and three case reports, collectively involving 111 patients with metabolic alkalosis. The studies revealed varied outcomes regarding the efficacy of acetazolamide in treating metabolic alkalosis induced by diuretics. While some trials demonstrated significant improvements in serum bicarbonate levels and acid–base balance, others found no statistically significant reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation. Case reports highlighted the successful use of acetazolamide in diverse patient populations, including pediatric patients with heart disease and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: Acetazolamide holds promise in addressing chloride depletion alkalosis. However, a targeted clinical trial investigating its effectiveness in diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis must strengthen the existing knowledge base.
Innovative Drugs First Implemented in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity and Their Effects on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)-Related Fibrosis and Cirrhosis
Authors: Cazac-Panaite Georgiana-Diana , Lăcătușu Cristina-Mihaela , Grigorescu Elena-Daniela , Foșălău Adina-Bianca , Onofriescu Alina , Mihai Bogdan-Mircea
Published: February 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a progressive liver disease frequently associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, has the potential to progress symptomatically to liver cirrhosis and, in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma. Hence, an urgent need arises to identify and approve new therapeutic options to improve patient outcomes. Research efforts have focused on either developing dedicated molecules or repurposing drugs already approved for other conditions, such as metabolic diseases. Among the latter, antidiabetic and anti-obesity agents have received the most extensive attention, with pivotal trial results anticipated shortly. However, the primary focus underlying successful regulatory approvals is demonstrating a substantial efficacy in improving liver fibrosis and preventing or ameliorating cirrhosis, the key advanced outcomes within MASLD progression. Besides liver steatosis, the ideal therapeutic candidate should reduce inflammation and fibrosis effectively. Although some agents have shown promise in lowering MASLD-related parameters, evidence of their impact on fibrosis and cirrhosis remains limited. This review aims to evaluate whether antidiabetic and anti-obesity drugs can be safely and effectively used in MASLD-related advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with T2DM. Our paper discusses the molecules closest to regulatory approval and the expectation that they can address the unmet needs of this increasingly prevalent disease.
The Effects of Biomechanical Loading on the Tibial Insert After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Diconi Alexandru Florin , Roman Mihai Dan , Cristian Adrian Nicolae , Boicean Adrian Gheorghe , Mohor Cosmin Ioan , Ion Nicolas Catalin Ionut , Bocea Bogdan Axente , Teodoru Cosmin Adrian , Oprinca George-Calin , Fleaca Sorin Radu
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the gold-standard treatment for advanced knee arthritis, offering pain relief and improved joint function. However, tibial component malalignment, malrotation, and improper biomechanical loading remain critical factors contributing to implant failure, instability, and revision surgeries. This review systematically examines the impact of biomechanical loading on the tibial insert following primary TKA, with a focus on alignment, posterior tibial slope (PTS), and load distribution. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies investigating the effects of tibial component alignment, varus/valgus deviations, PTS, and load distribution on tibial inserts post-TKA were included. Seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed and described narratively. Results: The reviewed studies highlighted that varus and valgus malalignment significantly alter tibiofemoral contact pressures and ligament strains, increasing the risk of aseptic loosening and implant failure. Excessive PTS was associated with posterior femoral translation, altered ligament tension, and increased contact stresses on polyethylene (PE) inserts. Kinematically aligned TKA demonstrated reduced tibial force imbalances and improved functional outcomes compared to mechanically aligned TKA. Computational and cadaveric studies revealed that even minor malalignments (e.g., 3° varus or valgus) can cause significant biomechanical changes. Conclusions: Biomechanical loading on tibial inserts after primary TKA is highly sensitive to the alignment and PTS. Optimal alignment and controlled biomechanical forces are essential. Kinematically aligned TKA has shown promising effects, preventing aseptic loosening and ensuring long-term implant survival. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings and optimize surgical techniques.
Enhancing Stability of Pediatric Femoral Fractures Treated with Elastic Nail Using an External Fixator
Authors: Rinat Barak , Dujovny Eytan , Bor Noam , Rozen Nimrod , Chezar Avi , Rubin Guy
Published: February 2025

Background: Diaphyseal femoral fractures in children older than 5 years and before adolescence are usually treated surgically. The literature describes several surgical techniques; however, we present an additional minimally invasive technique that combines the use of elastic intramedullary nails and a uniplanar external fixator as an optional solution for managing more complex cases. Method: This was a retrospective review of four children aged 9–12 years who suffered from unstable diaphyseal femoral fractures and were admitted to our institution. Results: We treated four children between the years 2021 and 2023. All patients underwent closed reduction of their fractures and fixation with an elastic intramedullary nail and an external fixator. Full radiographic fracture healing with acceptable alignment was achieved in all patients. The minimum clinical follow-up was 1.5 years. No major complications were observed, and all patients achieved full clinical recovery as well as proper limb alignment and length. Conclusions: Fixation of complex diaphyseal femoral fractures using a combination of internal and external fixation is a simple technique that avoids the need for extensive soft tissue exposure while also promoting fracture stability and maintenance of bone length and rotation. This method can be incorporated into the armamentarium of orthopedic surgeons as an additional solution for addressing more challenging cases.
Comparison of Aluminum Alloy and Copper Friction Stir Burnishing Tools Combined with Direct Energy Deposition Arc Process on Microstructure and Microhardness of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Cordkaew Teerayut , Kaneko Jun’ichi , Abe Takeyuki
Published: February 2025

The direct energy deposition arc process is widely used for fabricating medium and large components with moderate geometric complexity but often results in coarse microstructures and inconsistent hardness. This study introduces a hybrid manufacturing approach combining the friction stir burnishing process with the direct energy deposition arc by a gas–metal arc welding technique to refine the microstructure and enhance the microhardness of components fabricated from austenitic stainless steel 316L. Our former study used an aluminum alloy (A5052) friction stir burnishing tool, demonstrating significant microhardness improvement and grain refinement. However, it also faced notable challenges under high-heat and -friction conditions, including the effect of material adherence to the workpiece during processing. Therefore, this study introduces a newly developed friction stir burnishing tool made from copper (C1100) and compares its performance with the aluminum alloy tool regarding microhardness enhancement and microstructure refinement. The results indicate that the specimen processed by direct energy deposition arc combined with the copper friction stir burnishing tool demonstrated the best overall performance in grain refinement and hardness enhancement. Specifically, it achieved the highest average microhardness of 250 HV at 50 µm depths, compared to 240 HV for the aluminum alloy tool. The statistical analysis showed that both tools led to significant improvements over specimens processed without them. The statistical analysis confirmed a notable reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing across all depths, with the copper tool demonstrating the most refinement. Additionally, a preliminary investigation of corrosion behavior revealed tool-dependent differences. Overall, this study offers a promising approach to improving additive manufacturing, particularly for industries with less stringent surface finish requirements. It could potentially reduce post-processing time and cost. Future research should explore different process parameters and assess long-term corrosion performance to develop this hybrid technique further.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Zoning Strategies of Multifunctional Trade-Offs and Synergies in Cultivated Land in the Hexi Corridor
Authors: Zhou Kaichun , Sun Zixiang , Ma Tingting , Li Yulin , Xie Binggeng
Published: February 2025

As the indispensable basic resource of agricultural production, cultivated land has always carried the important mission of maintaining food stability, promoting rural economic development, and maintaining ecological balance. However, in application, there is often a conflict between the multiple functions of cultivated land and the limited ability of cultivated land to perform multiple functions. Therefore, this paper uses hot spot analysis, the IUEMS model, the InVEST model, Pearson correlation coefficients and self-organizing feature maps (SOFMs) to explore the multifunctional trade-offs and synergistic relationships of cultivated land in the Hexi Corridor at the grid scale and the zoning optimization scheme. The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020, the cultivated land production functions and social security functions in the Hexi Corridor maintained a high level and continued to rise, and the hot spots exhibited a stable pattern of “central and southeast concentration”. The ecological function performance is relatively weak, and the hot spots are concentrated mainly in the southeast, whereas the landscape view recreational functions as a whole show a trend of gradual recovery after weakening. In terms of mutual relationships, there are significant synergies between cultivated land production and social security functions, whereas the trade-offs and synergies between other functions are complex and changeable. Production and social security show a coordinated spatial distribution pattern. Production, social security, and ecological functions are dominated by spatial trade-offs. The production and landscape recreation functions, social security and ecological functions, social security and landscape recreation functions, and ecological and landscape recreation functions are mainly synergistic in space. Through self-organizing feature map analysis, the cultivated land in the Hexi Corridor is divided into four functional areas: agricultural production-dominant areas, agricultural social security areas, ecological agriculture areas, and balanced development areas, and management objectives are proposed. This study can provide useful lessons and references for land use planning and management in other similar areas.
New Insights into Cardiovascular and Exercise Physiology: A Compendium of the Special Issue
Authors: Lenasi Helena , Drenjančević Ines
Published: February 2025

The capacity of the cardiovascular system to adjust to varying needs is immense [...]
Tribology and Hot Corrosion Behavior of MCrAlY-Based Multicomponent Coatings Containing Copper
Authors: de Castilho Bruno C. N. M. , Sharifi Navid , Makowiec Mary , Stoyanov Pantcho , Moreau Christian , Chromik Richard R.
Published: February 2025

The use of composite coatings containing solid lubricants is widely reported in the literature, in particular thermally sprayed coatings containing silver. However, these coatings are often limited in their maximum operating temperature due to the melting point of silver and due to reactions between the components at temperatures above 500 °C. In this study, a novel coating is proposed, which consists of an MCrAlY-based matrix and the addition of components (Cu, Mo, and BaF2) to improve the wear resistance at elevated temperatures. The coatings were sprayed by high-velocity oxy-fuel, heat-treated at 1040 °C, and tribologically tested at room and elevated temperatures. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used on worn and unworn regions of the coating to characterize the changes in microstructure caused by wear. The coatings were also exposed to oxidation and hot corrosion conditions to evaluate the resistance to high-temperature environments. The results have shown an improvement in wear rates of the coatings upon heat treatment and the formation of a smooth tribolayer at 300 °C. The as-sprayed coating was able to withstand the attack by molten salts without exposing the substrate, and minor weight gain was observed, indicating that the MCrAlY matrix was effective to protect the coating and the substrate against damages induced by salt penetration.
Oil Film Thickness and Meshing Efficiency for a Novel Closed Movable Tooth Gear Reducer
Authors: Yang Shuo , Xu Lizhong
Published: February 2025

Equations are developed for the relative sliding velocities, entrainment velocities, forces, friction coefficients, effective radius of curvature, oil film thickness, friction loss, and meshing efficiency for a novel closed movable tooth gear reducer. Using these equations, the relative sliding velocities and entrainment velocities of the reducer are studied. The meshing efficiencies and their changes along with meshing positions and main parameters are analyzed. Changes of the meshing efficiencies along with load torque are also studied. An efficiency experiment of the reducer prototype is carried out. Results indicate that the meshing efficiency of the novel closed reducer increases with increasing eccentric distance. When an error in the eccentric distance occurs, the meshing efficiency is significantly reduced. The measured efficiency is close to the calculated one, supporting the theoretical studies.
Enhancement of Energy Absorption Capability of 3D Printed Ti-6Al-4V BCC Lattice Structures by Adding Auxiliary Struts
Authors: Cho Jaryong , Kim Eunwoo , Kim Jeong Ho , Lee Chang-Yull , Cho Jin Yeon
Published: February 2025

Lattice structures, composed of interconnected struts, offer an efficient way to reduce structural weight while maintaining structural integrity. Because of this potential, this work aims to investigate and develop an efficient variant form of a BCC (Body-Centered Cubic) lattice structure to enhance the structural robustness and energy absorption capability, based on the Maxwell stability criterion. And we specifically changed the bending-dominated to stretching-dominated behavior by adding auxiliary struts, according to the theory, and confirmed how this affects the compression behavior of the structure. For this purpose, horizontal auxiliary struts are added for the first time to the BCC structure along with vertical struts. As a macroscale cellular lattice structure, a unit cell size of 12 mm is considered. For the considered macroscale cellular lattice structures, FEA (finite element analysis) is employed to numerically investigate the stress distribution and compressive deformation mechanisms. Then, quasi-static compression tests are carried out to measure the energy absorption performance of the lattice structures manufactured by the EBM (Electron Beam Melting) metal additive manufacturing technique, which has advantages in building lattice structures without supporters. A comprehensive investigation reveals that a newly designed lattice structure offers significant advantages in structural robustness, with energy absorption capability increased by 365% compared to existing structures, achieved by incorporating vertical and cross-shaped horizontal auxiliary struts into the original BCC lattice configuration. The enhanced lattice structures can be utilized in industries where low-weight and high-strength are needed, such as aerospace, marine, and other industries.
Application of Waste Glass Powder for Sustainable Concrete: Design, Performance, Perspective
Authors: Zhou Changshun , Li Mingyong , Nguyen Quang Dieu , Lin Xuqun , Castel Arnaud , Pang Yu , Deng Zhizhong , Shi Tianxing , Mai Chao
Published: February 2025

Waste glass (WG) is a solid waste with increasing reserves, and its disposal has become a global issue. The application of WG in the construction industry is one of the promising pathways for recycling WG while reducing high-cost WG landfills. This study is conducted to systematically review the potential effects of WG as both a cement and aggregate replacement on the mechanical and durability properties of cementitious composites. Different waste glass powders (WGP) can lead to various effects on both the workability and hydration of cementitious composites. 10 to 20 wt% WGP as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is the optimal dosage to promote the mechanical and durability properties of the WGP–cement composites. The presence of WGP can promote the chemical resistance, freeze–thaw resistance, and elevated temperature resistance of WGP–cement composites. However, more studies and experiments are needed to provide conservative conclusions on how WGP would affect the durability properties of both normal and high-strength concrete. Sustainable concrete technology requires the use of low-carbon materials while maintaining long-term structural resilience. There is an increasing trend in recycling WGP as a cement or aggregate replacement in designing green concrete.
The Critical Saturation Magnetization Properties of Nanocrystalline Alloy Under Rectangular Wave Excitation with Adjustable Duty Cycle
Authors: Zou Liang , Xin Sixiao , Li Zhen , Wang Yifan , Han Zhiyun
Published: February 2025

High-frequency transformers are subject to excitation with a changing duty cycle during operation. Due to magnetic relaxation, the duty cycle of the rectangular wave affects the magnetization time of nanocrystalline alloy for the core material, which affects whether the transformer can reach the saturation operating point. Based on the micromagnetic theory, a three-dimensional model of the nanocrystalline alloy is established, and rectangular wave excitation with different duty cycle D is applied to the micro-model. The influence of D on the magnetization process is analyzed in terms of the hysteresis loss Pv and magnetic moment deflection angular velocity ω. The results indicate that when D = 0.5, Pv is the smallest, and when D increases or decreases, Pv increases. Furthermore, Pv remains the same under the rectangular wave excitation that satisfies the sum of different duty cycles of 1. Regarding ω, the smallest value occurs at the rising edge of the excitation when D = 0.1, while the largest value occurs when D = 0.9. During the falling edge stage, ω is smallest when D = 0.9 and largest when D = 0.1. These results demonstrate that the duty cycle D influences the magnetization time of the material. Due to magnetic relaxation, changing the magnetization time determines whether the material can reach saturation magnetization. Therefore, there is a critical state, which is defined as the critical duty cycle Dc. The results show that for D < 0.5, the range of Dc1 is between 0.2 and 0.21, and for D > 0.5, the range of Dc2 is between 0.8 and 0.81. Increasing the amplitude of the excitation source causes a decrease in Dc, while increasing the frequency causes an increase in Dc.
Effect on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nd-Fe-B Magnets Through Grain Boundary Diffusion of Tb and Multi-Component Alloys
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Mei , Liu Wei-Ming , Wang Peng-Fei , Wang Qian , Zhang Yu-Meng , Xu Zhao-Pu , Li Wei , Zhu Xin-De
Published: February 2025

In this study, commercial Nd-Fe-B magnets were utilized as starting materials to investigate the impact of various Tb-containing diffusion sources on the magnetic properties. Tb, Tb60Nd5Al30Ga5, and Tb65Pr10Nd5Al5Cu10Ga5 were developed as diffusion sources. After grain boundary diffusion treatment, the magnetic parameters of the magnets were evaluated at 20 °C, 90 °C, and 140 °C. The composition, microstructure, and elemental distributions of the magnets before and after diffusion were examined. It was found that the inherent coercivity of the magnets showed a dramatic increment of 49.4% at 20 °C after diffusion with Tb-containing alloys. The benefits and drawbacks of the designed diffusion sources were thoroughly discussed. Magnets diffused with the Tb65Pr10Nd5Al5Cu10Ga5 source displayed the highest overall performance, generating a thin layer with a grid-like structure at the grain boundaries and a consistent shell structure of Tb around the main phase grains. This work offers a promising alternative in the optimization of Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-Rich Thixotropic Deep-Cavity Al-1.2Si-1.1Fe-0.8Zn Cylindrical Components with Inconsistent Wall Thickness
Authors: Kong Lingbo , Jiang Jufu , Wang Ying , Zhang Xiaodong , Tang Shanyong , Song Tao
Published: February 2025

In this study, the thixotropic behavior of an Fe-rich Al-1.2Si-1.1Fe-0.8Zn aluminum alloy was thoroughly investigated. Firstly, ideal semi-solid billets were prepared through thermal deformation-induced isothermal spheroidization (TDIIS). The application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) via hot upsetting provided a strong driving force for recrystallization. As a result, the fibrous elongated grains gradually transformed into equiaxed grains following the TDIIS process. Overall, the grain size decreased with increasing deformation. However, as the temperature rose, the grain size initially decreased and then increased. The optimal conditions for the hot upsetting process were determined to be a temperature of 400 °C and a deformation of 50%. Under these conditions, the average grain size was 71.1 μm, and the shape factor was approximately 0.8, showcasing the excellent thixotropic properties of the semi-solid billets. Furthermore, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the thixotropic Al-1.2Si-1.1Fe-0.8Zn components were examined. These components, which were deep-cavity cylinders, exhibited an inconsistent wall thickness. Due to variations in the extrusion pressure, the grain morphology transitioned from dendritic at the upper part of cylinder wall to equiaxed at the bottom. This transition caused the elongation of the cylinder wall, resulting in it being lower than the cylinder bottom. During the thixoforming process, the equiaxed grains underwent deformation, and new recrystallized grains were formed. The multiscale synergy between the deformed grains, recrystallized grains and subgrains enabled the Fe-rich Al-1.2Si-1.1Fe-0.8Zn aluminum alloy to achieve well-balanced mechanical properties.
Marker-Based Safety Functionality for Human–Robot Collaboration Tasks by Means of Eye-Tracking Glasses
Authors: Masi Enrico , Nguyen Nhu Toan , Monari Eugenio , Valori Marcello , Vertechy Rocco
Published: February 2025

Human–robot collaboration (HRC) remains an increasingly growing trend in the robotics research field. Despite the widespread usage of collaborative robots on the market, several safety issues still need to be addressed to develop industry-ready applications exploiting the full potential of the technology. This paper focuses on hand-guiding applications, proposing an approach based on a wearable device to reduce the risk related to operator fatigue or distraction. The methodology aims at ensuring operator’s attention during the hand guidance of a robot end effector in order to avoid injuries. This goal is achieved by detecting a region of interest (ROI) and checking that the gaze of the operator is kept within this area by means of a pair of eye-tracking glasses (Pupil Labs Neon, Berlin, Germany). The detection of the ROI is obtained primarily by the tracking camera of the glasses, acquiring the position of predefined ArUco markers, thus obtaining the corresponding contour area. In case of the misdetection of one or more markers, their position is estimated through the optical flow methodology. The performance of the proposed system is initially assessed with a motorized test bench simulating the rotation of operator’s head in a repeatable way and then in an HRC scenario used as case study. The tests show that the system can effectively identify a planar ROI in the context of a HRC application in real time.
Analysis of Stainless-Steel Tape Dynamic Behavior and Its Impact on Raster Scale Formation Accuracy
Authors: Gurauskis Donatas , Kasparaitis Albinas , Sokolovskij Edgar , Matijošius Jonas , Kilikevičius Artūras
Published: February 2025

The formation of raster structures on stainless-steel tapes requires high-precision mechatronic systems to ensure accuracy and stability during the process. This article gives a thorough look at a redesigned precise mechatronic system that can make coded or raster linear scales using a dynamic laser process. These scales are critical components in linear measuring systems, such as optical encoders, where accuracy and reliability are paramount. One critical challenge is maintaining precise tape dynamics to mitigate errors caused by slippage at the tape-roller interface and mechanical vibrations. The main goal of this study is to look at these changing behaviors in a redesigned tape displacement measurement unit. Unlike older models, this one does not use a pneumatic roller system; instead, the tape drives the measuring roller directly. Experiments show that the new design greatly lowers errors caused by slippage and vibration, which makes it easier for the tape to move in sync with the laser activation. Additionally, the updated system exhibits enhanced performance in terms of stability, achieving higher accuracy of the raster structure compared to the previous design. These findings underscore the importance of dynamic analysis in optimizing tape displacement measurement units for high-precision raster formation processes.