bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New role of calcium‐binding fluorescent dye alizarin complexone in detecting permeability from articular cartilage to subchondral bone
Authors: Cui Mingshu , Chen Mengcun , Yang Yanmei , Akel Hamza , Wang Bin
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and concomitant alterations in subchondral bone architecture. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of OA remains poorly understood. In the present study, we explored whether the calcification in the articular cartilage occurred in the early stage of mouse OA model, generated by the surgery destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), via the intra‐articular injection of alizarin complexone due to its anionic nature for binding calcium‐containing crystals. Although we did not observe the calcification in the articular cartilage of early stage of DMM mice, we unexpectedly identified alizarin complexone had the diffusion capacity for detecting the permeability from the articular cartilage to subchondral bone. Our data showed that the diffusion of alizarin complexone from the articular cartilage to calcified cartilage was greater in the early stage of DMM mice than that in sham controls. Additionally, we observed enhanced penetration of alizarin complexone through the periosteum in DMM mice compared to sham mice. In summary, we developed a novel imaging method that offers a valuable tool for further exploration of biochemical communication underlying OA development. Our findings provided new evidence that increased molecular interactions between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is involved in the pathogenesis of OA progression.
The soluble factor milieu in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis dysregulates epithelial differentiation
Authors: Kortekaas Rosa K. , Geillinger‐Kästle Kerstin E. , Fuentes‐Mateos Rocío , Schönleber Anita , van der Koog Luke , Elferink Robin A. B. , Al‐Alyan Nakaa , Burgess Janette K. , Gosens Reinoud
Published: October 2024

In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), epithelial abnormalities are present including bronchiolization and alveolar cell dysfunction. We hypothesized that the IPF microenvironment disrupts normal epithelial growth and differentiation. We mimicked the soluble factors within an IPF microenvironment using an IPF cocktail (IPFc), composed of nine factors which are increased in IPF lungs (CCL2, IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐8, IL‐13, IL‐33, TGF‐β, TNFα, and TSLP). Using IPFc, we asked whether the soluble factor milieu in IPF affects epithelial growth and differentiation and how IPFc compares to TGF‐β alone. Epithelial growth and differentiation were studied using mouse lung organoids (primary Epcam+ epithelial cells co‐cultured with CCL206 fibroblasts). Organoids exposed to IPFc and TGF‐β were re‐sorted into epithelial and fibroblast fractions and subjected to RNA sequencing. IPFc did not affect the number of organoids formed. However, pro‐surfactant protein C expression was decreased. On these parameters, TGF‐β alone had similar effects. However, RNA sequencing of re‐sorted organoids revealed that IPFc and TGF‐β had distinct effects on both epithelial cells and fibroblasts. IPFc upregulated goblet cell markers, whereas these were inhibited by TGF‐β. Although both IPFc and TGF‐β increased extracellular matrix gene expression, only TGF‐β increased myofibroblast markers. VEGF‐C and Wnt signaling were among the most differentially regulated signaling pathways by IPFc versus TGF‐β. Interestingly, Wnt pathway activation rescued Sftpc downregulation induced by IPFc. In conclusion, IPFc alters epithelial differentiation in a way that is distinct from TGF‐β. Alterations in Wnt signaling contribute to these effects. IPFc may be a more comprehensive representation of the soluble factor microenvironment in IPF.
The pan‐cancer landscape presented ITGA7 as a prognostic determinant, tumor suppressor, and oncogene in multiple tumor types
Authors: Zarei Mahboobeh , Sadri Fatemeh , Mohajeri Khorasani Amirhossein , Mirinezhad MohammadReza , Mousavi Pegah
Published: October 2024

Integrin α7 (ITGA7) is an extracellular matrix‐binding protein. Integrins are the main type of cell adhesive molecules in mammals, playing a role in many biological pathways. Although various studies have shown correlations between ITGA7 and various types of cancer, a comprehensive study at a pan‐cancer level has not yet been conducted. In this study, we investigated the function of ITGA7 in distinct tumor types using the multi‐omics relevant information, then two CeRNA regulatory network was drawn to identify the ITGA7 hub regulatory RNAs. The results indicated that the expression of ITGA7 varies in different tumors. Overexpression of ITGA7 was correlated with a worse OS in BLCA, LGG, and UVM, and the downregulation of ITGA7 was related to a worse OS in PAAD. In addition, BLCA, and UVM showed poor PFS in association with ITGA7 overexpression, and PAAD, SARC, and THCA indicated poor PFS in correlation with ITGA7 under expression. Further analyses of ITGA7 gene alteration data showed that ITGA7 amplifications may have an impact on Kidney Chromophobe prognosis. In 20 types of tumors, ITGA7 expression was linked to cancer‐associated fibroblast infiltration. ITGA7 expression was linked to cancer‐associated fibroblast infiltration. ITGA7‐Related Gene Enrichment Analysis indicated that ITGA7 expression‐correlated and functional binding genes were enriched in homotypic cell–cell adhesion, focal adhesion, and ECM‐receptor interaction. This pan‐cancer study found that abnormal expression of ITGA7 was correlated with poor prognosis and metastasis in different types of tumors. Thus, the ITGA7 gene may prove to be a promising biomarker for the prognosis and complication prevention of different cancers.
HIF‐1α induced FGF18 alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via YAP
Authors: Wang Nan , Huang Zhiyuan , Guan Fangqian , Wang Jiaqi , Chen Yinyun , Wang Hong , Jin Litai , Wang Yang
Published: October 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating clinical condition characterized by an abrupt loss of renal function. The pathophysiology of AKI involves diverse processes and elements, of which survival and regeneration have been established to be significant hallmarks. And early studies have confirmed the fundamental role of FGFs in the regulation of AKI pathology, although the association between FGF18 and AKI still remains elusive. Our study demonstrates a substantial up‐regulation of FGF18 in the renal tubules of mice subjected to ischemia. Notably, targeted overexpression of FGF18 effectively mitigates the impairment of kidney function induced by AKI. Mechanistically, FGF18 facilitates cell proliferation and anti‐apoptosis in RTECs by enhancing the expression of YAP and facilitating its translocation to the nucleus. Aside from that, we also discovered that the substantial expression of FGF18 under ischemic conditions is HIF‐1α dependent. This study aims to uncover the inherent mechanism behind the beneficial effects of FGF18 in attenuating AKI. By doing so, it aims to offer novel insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for AKI.
Hypomethylation at PANDAR promoter progressively induces senescence in adipocyte precursor cells in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Desiderio Antonella , Pastorino Monica , Campitelli Michele , Prevenzano Immacolata , De Palma Fatima Domenica Elisa , Spinelli Rosa , Parrillo Luca , Longo Michele , Milone Marco , Miele Claudia , Raciti Gregory Alexander , Beguinot Francesco
Published: October 2024

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is heterogeneous among individuals with obesity. Functional decline of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) and accumulation of senescent cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue contributes to the progression toward T2D. LncRNAs regulate cell senescence and may be implicated in determining this abnormality in APCs. Here, we report that APCs from individuals with obesity show a gradual increase in multiple senescence markers, which worsens in parallel with the progression from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2D. Transcriptomic analysis identified PANDAR as the top‐ranked lncRNA differentially expressed in APCs from individuals with obesity and T2D and non‐obese subjects. Q‐PCR confirmed PANDAR up‐regulation in APCs from individuals with obesity, at progressively increased levels in those who developed, respectively, IGT and T2D. Bisulfite sequencing and luciferase assays revealed that, in parallel with glucose tolerance deterioration, the −1317 CpG at the PANDAR promoter became hypo‐methylated in obesity, resulting in enhanced PANDAR induction by p53. PANDAR silencing in senescent APCs from individuals with obesity and T2D caused repression of senescence programs and cell cycle re‐entry. PANDAR transcription in white blood cells (WBCs) mirrored that in APCs. Also, individuals with obesity exhibited rescue of PANDAR transcription in WBCs following bariatric surgery, accompanied by enhanced methylation at the regulatory PANDAR −1317 CpG. In conclusion, PANDAR dysregulation is a newly identified mechanism determining the early senescence of APCs from individuals with obesity, which worsens along the progression toward T2D. In the future, PANDAR targeting may represent a valuable strategy to delay this progression.
The Association Between Patient-Level Factors and Physical Function in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Alemairi Maryam M. , Hergenroeder Andrea L. , Ren Dianxu , DeVito Dabbs Annette
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Despite the dramatic improvement in pulmonary function after lung transplantation, lung transplant recipients often have reduced physical function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between physical function and a wide range of patient-level factors among lung transplant recipients to allow researchers and health care providers to identify and better understand contributors to poor physical function.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study of lung transplant recipients enrolled in Lung Transplant Go, a randomized, controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a telerehabilitation behavioral exercise intervention on physical function. Data were collected at the time of study enrollment for physical function using the 30-second sit-to-stand (STS-30) test, and patient-level factors included discharge destination, time since transplant, hospital length of stay, participation in exercise program outside the study, comorbidities, psychological distress, and symptoms. Regression analysis was performed to identify the association between physical function and patient-level factors.

Results:

A total of 72 lung transplant recipients with a mean age of 56 years (13), 58% male and 88% White, completed the STS-30 test. The bivariate analysis identified factors associated with STS-30 performance, which are age, marital status, time since transplant, Questionnaire for Lung Transplant Patients' activity intolerance subscale, and psychological distress. Factors that significantly predicted STS-30 performance using the regression analysis were age, time since transplant, and psychological distress (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Age, time since lung transplantation, and psychological distress significantly predicted poor physical function. Interventions to prevent poor physical function after lung transplantation should consider these factors. Research is needed to better understand patient-level factors on other physical function measures.
Differences in Diaphragmatic and Chest Wall Excursion During Quiet Breathing According to Body Position: Dynamic Analysis by MRI
Authors: Hirakawa Shunya , Yamada Takumi , Kuroishi Ryota , Sui Kaiqi
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose:

The diaphragm is the largest contributor to respiration but is highly influenced by position. Therefore, despite understanding the importance of “positioning” in respiratory physiotherapy, research on diaphragmatic excursion between body positions remains insufficient. This study examined the differences in diaphragm and chest wall excursion between supine, prone, and left and right side-lying positions to investigate the most suitable position for ventilation.

Methods:

Diaphragmatic excursion, as well as the lateral and anteroposterior diameters of the chest walls of 40 healthy adults (20 males and 20 females), was dynamically imaged during quiet breathing in 4 positions using magnetic resonance imaging, and the amount of excursion was calculated. The Friedman test was used for statistical analysis to compare differences in diaphragmatic and chest wall excursions.

Results:

The median age was 21.0 years, the median BMI was 20.8 kg/cm2, and all pulmonary function values were normal and within the reference values based on Japanese predicted normal values. The diaphragm and chest wall exhibited significantly greater excursion in the prone position than in other positions (P < .001). In the side-lying position, the anteroposterior diameter excursion of the lower chest wall on the unloaded side was significantly greater (P < .005). However, there was no significant difference between the side-lying and supine positions (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Diaphragmatic and chest wall excursion during quiet breathing was found to be significantly greater in the prone position than in other positions. This suggests that the prone position is the optimal “positioning” for increased ventilation and may contribute to the prevention of respiratory complications.
Genetic Predisposition for Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: González Peña Tavia , Huang Marilyn
Published: October 2024

Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) are responsible for up to 10% of all cancers. At present, the majority of cancer susceptibility testing is initiated after a cancer diagnosis. There exists a significant opportunity for primary care providers including general obstetrician-gynecologists to engage in hereditary cancer risk assessment through adequate family history evaluation, initiation of genetic testing, and following the recommendations of national organizations. Identifying hereditary cancer genes may prompt primary prevention efforts such as enhanced screening, prevention, or personalized care strategies. We will review the literature regarding the approach and assessment of the most common gynecologic HCS.
Establishment of mouse alveolar macrophage extraction standard and its application in the evaluation of efficacy in lung metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Su Renjing , Hu Gaoyong , Yin Shuangshuang , Shao Yingying , Huang Jiayan , Pu Weiling , Yu Haiyang
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are involved in the development and progression of a variety of lung diseases. It is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of diseases and evaluate the efficacy of drugs. However, there is no standard process for extracting primary AM. Nitidine chloride (NC) is an alkaloid extracted from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC., which has an anti-tumour pharmacological effect. However, there is no evidence that NC has a direct effect on colorectal cancer cell lung metastasis. The purpose of this study was to establish a standard for the extraction of primary AM from mice and to investigate the pharmacodynamics of NC in mice with lung metastases to colorectal cancer.

Methods:

The standard for the extraction of mouse primary AM by lavage was established. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the regulatory mechanism of NC in the treatment of lung metastasis in mice by macrophage phenotype and glycolysis level.

Results:

The results showed that sufficient quantity and quality of primary AM could be obtained by optimizing extraction steps, and AM obtained by this method could accurately reflect disease progression. At the same time, NC can effectively reduce colorectal cancer lung metastasis in mice. From the mechanism, NC can inhibit the expression of M2 macrophage markers and the levels of mRNA and proteins of the glycolysis-limiting enzyme.

Conclusions:

Our results show that primary AM that accurately reflects disease and assesses pharmacological effects can be obtained using our established criteria. The inhibitory effect of NC on colorectal cancer lung metastasis may be attributed to its regulation of macrophage phenotype and glycolysis.
Research progress on knowledge discovery in traditional Chinese medicine medical records based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Tang Zhuhui , Wu Qiong , Jia Yafei , Deng Shiyue , Fu Gaoshuang , Yu Jiatian , Tong Xu , Zhang Yupeng
Published: October 2024

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) medical records represent the clinical practice records of physicians, encapsulating a wealth of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment experiences as well as academic thoughts of numerous TCM practitioners. Such various information provides certain basic conditions for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology with TCM. Through analyzing successful clinical records, AI technology can extract practical and understandable knowledge. Therefore, this paper summarizes and analyzes the application of information technology in the field of knowledge discovery research from Chinese medical records. It focuses on 3 key aspects: the resources of TCM Medical Records, the objects of TCM records mining, and the application of AI technology. The aim is to provide beneficial references for maximizing the value of TCM medical records.
Impact of the fibrosis-4 index in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction
Authors: Shibata Naoki , Ito Takanori , Morita Yasuhiro , Toyoda Hidenori , Kanzaki Yasunori , Watanabe Naoki , Yoshioka Naoki , Miyazawa Hiroyuki , Shimojo Kazuki , Ohi Takuma , Goto Hiroki , Karasawa Hoshito , Morishima Itsuro
Published: October 2024

Background

The fibrosis-4 (FIB4) index, a simple, noninvasive marker used for hepatic diseases, represents adverse outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the FIB4 index can predict adverse outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

We investigated patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and were alive at discharge. The cut-off FIB4 index at discharge was investigated using the survival classification and regression tree (CART) model to predict adverse outcomes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results

Between January 2006 and December 2018, 1354 patients with STEMI (median age, 68 years; men, 76.1%) were investigated. The median value of the FIB4 index was 1.21 (0.84–1.78). The CART model divided the study population into low (FIB4 index <0.945; n = 435), intermediate (0.945 ≤ FIB4 index < 2.185; n = 692), and high (FIB4 index ≥2.185; n = 227) groups based on the significant predictive values for all-cause death. During a median follow-up period of 4.3 years, all-cause death occurred in 208 patients (15.4%). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant increase in mortality with higher FIB4 index values (log-rank, P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the FIB4 index was an independent risk predictor for all-cause death in patients with STEMI [low group as reference vs. intermediate group, hazard ratio: 1.975; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.166–3.346; P = 0.011 and vs. high group, hazard ratio: 4.633; 95% CI: 2.549–8.418; P < 0.001].

Conclusions

The FIB4 index was associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI.
Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine compound “Chaihu Shugan Powder” in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Chu Zhenhan , Gao Mingzhou , Wang Jieqiong , Yuan Guoshan , Wang Mengxuan , Gao Dongmei
Published: October 2024

Background:

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive and insightful review and analysis of the potential targets and corresponding pathways of Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP) for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) using a network pharmacology approach. The review will encompass traditional applications, active ingredients of Chinese medicines, clinical applications, pharmacological mechanisms, and active ingredients.

Methods:

The active ingredients, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications of the herbal ingredients in the CSP formulation were summarized by searching the literature, and the main signaling pathways of the CSP formulation for the treatment of PMS were identified by network pharmacological studies.

Results:

CSP is a representative traditional Chinese medicine formula known for its liver detoxification properties and its effectiveness in alleviating depression. It is also recognized as one of the most widely used formulas for treating PMS. In this study, we systematically summarized the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of the 7 traditional Chinese medicine components present in CSP. Through network pharmacology analysis, we identified 75 common targets of CSP relevant to the treatment of PMS. These targets were predominantly concentrated within 17 specific signaling pathways, elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms underlying CSP’s therapeutic effects on PMS.

Conclusion:

In this paper, we have reviewed CSP and PMS, investigated the potential targets and corresponding pathways of CSP for the treatment of PMS, and systematically summarized the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of 7 herbal components. In addition, 17 pathways of CSP for PMS were identified for future research and clinical application. However, the specific mechanism of action of CSP for the treatment of PMS is only based on literature and online pharmacological studies, and no basic or clinical experiments have been conducted. In addition, CSP has many components with complex and varied interactions, and the effects of certain compounds may be overlooked. Based on the present findings, it is beneficial to further explore the mechanism of action of the new effector compounds and the prospect of their application in basic research and clinical trials. In conclusion, the revelation of new effector compounds and mechanisms of action is conducive to the further clinical application of CSP, the discovery of new targets for PMS, and the modernization of Chinese medicine.
Prognostic value of a lactate metabolism gene signature in lung adenocarcinoma and its associations with immune checkpoint blockade therapy response
Authors: Huang Tengfei , Lian DuoHuang , Chen MengMeng , Liu YaMing , Zhang MeiQing , Zeng DeHua , Zhou Shun-Kai , Ying WenMin
Published: October 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a study that examines the prognostic value of lactate metabolism genes in tumor cells, which are associated with clinical prognosis. We analyzed the expression and clinical data for LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, using the GSE68465 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus and the MSigDB database. LASSO Cox regression and stepwise Cox regression were used to identify the optimal lactate metabolism gene signature. Differences in immune infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy were evaluated between groups. LASSO and Cox regression analyses showed an eight-lactate metabolism gene signature for model construction in both TCGA cohort and GSE68465 data, with higher survival outcomes in high-risk groups. The lactate metabolism risk score had an independent prognostic value (hazard ratio: 2.279 [1.652–3.146], P < .001). Immune cell infiltration differed between the risk groups, such as CD8+ T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. The high-risk group had higher tumor purity, lower immune and stromal scores, and higher TMB. High-risk samples had high tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores and low cytolytic activity (CYT) scores, indicating a poor response to ICB therapy. Similarly, most immune checkpoint molecules, immune inhibitors/stimulators, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were highly expressed in the high-risk group. The 8-lactate metabolism gene-based prognostic model predicts patient survival, immune infiltration, and ICB response in patients with LUAD, driving the development of therapeutic strategies to target lactate metabolism.
Development of biomarker signatures associated with anoikis to predict prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer: An observational study
Authors: Liang Yunwei , Yin Xin , Yao Yinhui , Wang Ying
Published: October 2024

Anoikis, a form of programmed cell death linked to cancer, has garnered significant research attention. Esophageal cancer (ESCA) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors and represents a major global health concern. To ascertain whether anoikis-related genes (ARGs) can accurately predict ESCA prognosis, we evaluated the predictive value and molecular mechanisms of ARGs in ESCA and constructed an optimal model for prognostic prediction. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-ESCA database, we identified ARGs with differences in ESCA. ARG signatures were generated using Cox regression. A predictive nomogram model was developed to forecast ARG signatures and patient outcomes in ESCA. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to uncover potential biological pathways associated with ARG signatures. Estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression data (ESTIMATE) and cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts analyses were used to assess differences in the immune microenvironment of the ARG signature model. Based on ARGs, the patients with ESCA were divided into high and low groups, and the sensitivity of patients to drugs in the database of genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer was analyzed. Finally, the correlation between drug sensitivity and risk score was then evaluated based on the ARG signatures. Prognostic relevance was significantly linked to the ARG profiles of 5 genes: MYB binding protein 1a (MYBBP1A), plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU), budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 3, HOX transcript antisense RNA, and euchromatic histone-lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2). Using the risk score as an independent prognostic factor combined with clinicopathological features, the nomogram accurately predicted the overall survival (OS) of individual patients with ESCA. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the primary molecular roles included histone methyltransferase function, binding to C2H2 zinc finger domains, and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity. GSEA revealed that the high-risk cohort was connected to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, graft-versus-host disease, and hematopoietic cell lineage, whereas the low-risk cohort was related to arachidonic acid metabolism, drug metabolism via cytochrome P450 and fatty acid metabolism. Drug sensitivity tests showed that 16 drugs were positively correlated, and 3 drugs were negatively correlated with ARG characteristic scores. Our study developed 5 ARG signatures as biomarkers for patients with ESCA, providing an important reference for the individualized treatment of this disease.
Association of metformin use with asthma development and adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rao Rui , Mei Juan , Chen Hudie , Yang Chuanjing
Published: October 2024

Background:

Asthma and diabetes are prevalent chronic diseases affecting a significant population globally. Research has suggested that metformin, a commonly used medication for diabetes management, may also have beneficial effects in enhancing asthma outcomes. Considering the comorbidity of asthma and diabetes, a comprehensive analysis was performed to investigate the efficacy of metformin in reducing adverse outcomes of asthma patients with diabetes.

Methods:

To gather relevant data, we conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for observational studies published prior to September 2023. We specifically looked for studies involving individuals diagnosed with both asthma and diabetes, comparing the incidence and severity of asthma exacerbations in metformin users versus nonusers. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that recruited participants aged 18 years and older. The primary outcome of interest was the risk of newly developing asthma, while secondary outcomes included the adjusted risk of asthma-induced exacerbations, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations. All data analyses and visualizations were performed using the R programming language.

Results:

We identified and included 7 studies involving a total of 1,176,398 patients in our analysis. The pooled effect size indicated a potential reduction in the incidence of newly developed asthma among patients with type 2 diabetes who used metformin, although this finding did not reach statistical significance. Similar conclusions have also been observed in other outcomes, such as exacerbation, asthma-related emergency department visits, risk of systemic corticosteroid prescription. The only positive outcome is that the use of metformin can reduce the chance of patients being hospitalized due to asthma.

Conclusion:

In most outcome indicators, it cannot be assumed that the use of metformin can reduce asthma-related adverse events. However, the conclusion is not so certain, and longer observation and more evidence are still required. Metformin still shows some potential in the intervention of respiratory diseases.
Impact of nurse-led palliative care on symptom management and life quality outcomes in elderly cancer patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Xia , Hu Shuying , Zhou Yaoqun , Ying Xihong , Wu Tao
Published: October 2024

The objective was to explore impacts of nurse-led palliative care interventions on elderly cancer patients in terms of symptom management and life quality outcomes. This retrospective study examined 150 cancer patients from January 2021 to September 2023, divided into 2 groups based on nurse-led palliative care receipt. The observation group (n = 90) received nurse-led palliative care while the control group (n = 60) received routine nursing frequency was 3 times per week for 6 months. The treatment-related symptoms (therapy-related symptoms checklist, TRSC) was used to evaluate the symptom improvement rate of patients, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to evaluate the improvement of patients’ quality of life, and Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-C) and Chinese version of the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI-C) were used to access the improvement of pain and fatigue respectively. Following the intervention, symptom improvement rate in the observation group exhibited markedly superior compared to the control group (100% vs 91.67%, P < .05) and a significant improvement in the patient’s health-related quality of life was observed in the observation group at 1, 3, and 5 months postintervention (P < .05). In additional, the observation group displayed notably lower scores on both BPI-C and the BFI-C in contrast to the control group (P < .05). Nurse-led palliative care interventions can effectively improve symptom management and quality of life in elderly cancer patients compared to routine nursing care.
The relationship between HIV/AIDS and coronary heart disease: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Cai Qiong , Pan Wei , Zhang Chunming , Zhang Xianhui , Wang Chunjie , Sun Yan , An Mingyang , Pan Fang , Xiao Jiangping , Pan Xilong
Published: October 2024

Background:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a malignant infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV gradually destroys the body’s immune system and weakens the body’s ability to resist diseases. People living with HIV may have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease than people without HIV.

Method:

A literature retrieval from January 1, 1993 to October 1, 2023 based on the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace6.2.R4, VOSviewer v1.6.19, and Microsoft Excel 2019 were utilized for analyzing the following terms: countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords.

Results:

There were 1144 articles. The highest number of articles is in the USA, followed by Italy. University of California System, Harvard University, and Johns Hopkins University were the top 3 most productive institutions with publications in this field of research. Journal of Infectious Diseases ranked first with the highest publications (532 records), followed by Immunology (362 records), and Cardiac Cardiovascular Systems (242 records). Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed antiretroviral therapy, myocardial infarction, and protease inhibitors, etc. Keyword cluster analysis obtained 13 categories, which were roughly divided into 3 themes: (1) cardiovascular disease that has occurred or may occur; (2) HIV acquisitions that have occurred; (3) risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion:

The article obtained the hotspots and trends and provided references for subsequent research. Based on the keyword citation burst detection analysis, we speculated that heart failure, risk, subclinical atherosclerosis, infection, and association were the research hotspots in recent years, which had a certain predictive effect on the future research direction.
The efficacy and safety of oral and vaginal misoprostol versus dinoprostone on women experiencing labor: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of 53 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed , Bashour George , Eldokmery Engy , Alkhawajah Amnah , Alsalhi Karim , Badr Yara , Emad Asmaa , Labieb Fatma
Published: October 2024

Background:

Induction of labor is the process of artificially stimulating the uterus to start labor before the spontaneous onset of labor. It has several medical indications. Commonly used agents are vaginal misoprostol, vaginal prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone), and oral misoprostol.

Methods:

Through October 2023, a literature review was carried out in Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify randomized clinical studies assessing if oral and vaginal misoprostol has better efficacy of induction of labor over vaginal prostaglandin E2 or dinoprostone as a primary outcome. The data were pooled as mean difference, risk ratio, and 95% confidence interval.

Results:

Fifty-three RCTs involving 10,455 patients showed a statistically significant difference in the overall success rate of induction between the misoprostol and prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) groups. They required less additional oxytocin compared to the PGE2 groups. The frequency of tachysystole, uterine hyperstimulation, abnormal cardiotocography, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and Apgar score <7 at 1 minute were all higher in misoprostol groups than in PGE2 groups. No difference was found in cesarean section, fever, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission, or Apgar scores at 1 minute or 5 minutes.

Conclusion:

Vaginal misoprostol is more effective at inducing labor but may be less safe than vaginal dinoprostone. Oral misoprostol is generally as safe as vaginal dinoprostone. Vaginal dinoprostone requires lower doses but may need more oxytocin administration.
Association between glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Meiling , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Yingfeng , Li Nan , Jin Weiyi , Lu Yan , Sun Lixia
Published: October 2024

Background:

The role of glaucoma in predicting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) factors is unknown. This current meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating the risk of AD events in individuals suffering from glaucoma based on a meta-analysis.

Materials and methods:

Databases which included Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE were searched to detect the relevant articles, with language being restricted to English. The risk of AD events in patients with glaucoma was analyzed using the combined hazard ratios.

Results:

This study included 8 articles with 131,987 subjects published after 2012. We identified glaucoma as the risk factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.05–1.59; P = .000; I2 = 95.1%) in AD patients. According to subgroup analyses, normal tension glaucoma group was the major risk factor for disease-free survival of AD patients.

Conclusions:

Although diverse approaches have been used for AD cases of various events, the current meta-analysis indicates that that glaucoma patients have a higher AD risk.
The effect of squats on muscle activity in standing, kneeling, and half-kneeling positions: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jeong Taewoong , Chung Yijung
Published: October 2024

Kneeling and half-kneeling training are common positions used in physical therapy. however, research on lower extremity muscle activity is lacking compared to the ergonomic aspects and trunk muscle activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on lower extremity muscle activity during squats in kneeling and half-kneeling positions. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study with a single group of healthy adults. Participants were instructed to perform squats while assuming 3 positions (standing, kneeling, and half-kneeling). Surface electromyography data were recorded 3 times from the rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), and biceps femoris (BF) on the participant’s dominant side, and the mean values were analyzed. The participants performed squats for 9 seconds, with 4 seconds of the descent phase, 1 second of the maintenance phase, and 4 seconds of the ascent phase. A metronome was used to ensure precise timing. The study included 30 participants (19 males and 11 females). The muscle activities of the RF, GMed, and BF showed statistically significant differences among the 3 positions, being highest in the half-kneeling position (HKP), followed by the standing position (SP) and kneeling position (KP). The muscle activity of the GMax was significantly higher in the HKP than in the SP and KP (P < .05). The co-contraction ratio was significantly higher with KP than with the SP and HKP (P < .05). In the SP and KP, there were statistically significant differences between the ascent and descent phases of the RF, GMax, GMed, and BF (P < .05). In the HKP, there were statistically significant differences between the ascent and descent phases of the RF, GMax, and GMed (P < .05). The results of this study indicate that squats in the HKP (especially during the ascent phase) require the highest muscle activity, whereas squats in the KP (especially during the descent phase) can be performed with the lowest muscle activity. It can be concluded that these findings could serve as selective indicators for squat exercises and in enhancing postural control, muscle strength, and lower extremity stabilization.
The causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease in East Asian population: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun Xiang , Huang Peipei , Gao Lingshan , Zhong Weixing , Yuan Lixia
Published: October 2024

To investigate the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the East Asian population, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR). Publicly available summarized data from genome-wide association studies on RA (4199 cases and 208,254 controls), and the data on ILD (1046 cases and 176,974 controls) were obtained from BioBank Japan. Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms from East Asian populations were obtained from genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables, and 11 RA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (P < 5 × 10−8) were selected as instrumental variables. MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO with RA as the exposure data and ILD as the outcome data. Reliability was evaluated using Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot. Inverse variance weighted results showed an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.29 (1.18–1.41), P = 3.99 × 10−8, indicating a positive association between RA and ILD. The reliability evaluation could adopt the fixed-effect model, and the absolute value of the MR-Egger regression intercept was 0.021, P > 0.05, and P value of Global Test in MR-PRESSO was 0.573. The test results of the leave-one-out showed that the results are robust, and the funnel plot indicated that the instrumental variables were not affected by potential factors. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that RA is a risk factor for ILD in the East Asian population.
Expression and prongostic impact of galectin-7 in human lung cancer
Authors: Tirilomi Anna , Tirilomis Petros , Elakad Omar , Yao Sha , Hinterthaner Marc , Danner Bernhard C. , Ströbel Philipp , Tirilomis Theodor , Bohnenberger Hanibal , von Hammerstein-Equord Alexander
Published: October 2024

Malignant tumors of the lung are the leading cancers worldwide. Prognostic biomarkers continue to be investigated for the detection and stratification of lung cancer for clinical use. In breast cancer cells and in lymphomas, the overexpression of galectin-7 led to increased metastasis. In lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, galectin-7 was also identified as a factor promoting metastasis. In this study, we investigated the expression of galectin-7 in relation to clinicopathological features and overall survival in patients with different types of lung cancer. By immunohistochemistry, expression of galectin-7 was analyzed in 308 cases of lung cancer; 108 cases of adenocarcinoma, 193 cases of squamous cell lung carcinoma and 7 cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics as well as patients’ overall survival. Immunohistochemical detection of galectin-7 expression was most evident in squamous cell lung carcinoma (36.27%), followed by adenocarcinoma (5.55%). Negative expression of galectin-7 was found in all patients with SCLC. No significant correlation was found in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma. Within the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma subgroups, there were statistically significant correlations between the expression of galectin-7 and some clinicopathologic features of the patients. In our study, we were able to show that galectin-7 could serve as a new prognostic biomarker and is also a potential new drug target in non-small cell lung cancer.
Global trends and emerging topics related to triglyceride-glucose index: A bibliometric analysis and visualization from 2000 to 2024
Authors: Ye Yusong , Huang Shu , Wang Ruiyu , Jiang Jiao , Luo Bei , Ren Wensen , Chen Yuan , Zhou Xueqin , Shi Xiaomin , Zhang Wei , Shi Lei , Lü Muhan , Tang Xiaowei
Published: October 2024

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a crucial marker of insulin resistance, as evidenced by numerous studies related to metabolic diseases. This bibliometric analysis investigates research trends associated with the TyG index over the past 24 years. We collected data on TyG index publications from January 1, 2000, to January 7, 2024, using the Web of Science database. Analysis was conducted utilizing VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and CiteSpace to evaluate publication metrics, citations, countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords. A total of 1163 publications from 354 journals authored by 6149 researchers across 60 countries were analyzed. China emerged as the leading contributor, with 654 publications (56.23%). Capital Medical University was the most productive institution, and Wu Shouling was the top author. Cardiovascular Diabetology was identified as the most influential journal. Key emerging research directions include the role of the TyG index as a representative marker for insulin resistance, particularly concerning insulin sensitivity; its association with body mass index and hyperuricemia; and its diagnostic and prognostic value in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular conditions such as acute coronary syndrome, carotid plaque, and hypertension. Current trends favor cohort studies predominantly involving adult populations. Overall, China leads TyG index research, focusing on its connections to insulin sensitivity, body mass index, and hyperuricemia, while the index’s diagnostic and prognostic significance for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases represents an expanding research frontier.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with clear cell morphology – a close mimic of clear cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Li Guiyun , Feng Qiang , Shen Jian , Wang Zhiyuan , Huang Yilong , Luo Huan , Bian Li
Published: October 2024

Rationale:

In this case, the tumor cells were epithelioid, with translucent cytoplasm, well-defined cell borders, moderate size, rounded or ovoid nuclei, and small nucleoli visible. Based on this morphological feature, we first considered clear cell carcinoma, but the epithelial-related immunohistochemical results don’t support the diagnosis. Ultimately, based on lymphoma-associated immunohistochemical results and gene rearrangement assays, the final diagnosis of a clear cell variant of DLBCL. Therefore, clinicians and pathologists are reminded that DLBCL with clear cell morphology is rare.

Patient concerns:

A case of a 44-year-old patient who presented with a 1-year’s history of an oral tumor that had recently increased in size. Computed tomography (CT) showed an osteolytic lesion with soft tissue density in the right body of mandible with bone destruction in the cortical plates on both buccal and lingual sides.

Test results: Immunohistochemistry include vimentin, LCA, CD10, CD20, CD38, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, multiple myeloma oncogene (MUC)-1, CD79a were strongly expressed, while the tissue was negative for the rest of epithelium and other mesenchymal antibodies. Detection of Ig and TCR gene arrangements showing the presence of B-cell monoclonal rearrangement (DH7-JH) in the tumor.

Diagnosis:

The final diagnosis was germinal center B cell-like (GCB) diffuse large B lymphoma of clear cell type.

Interventions:

The patient was treated with chemotherapy.

Outcomes:

The patient was undergoing chemotherapy and has been followed up for over 1 year.

Lessons:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with clear cell morphology is a rare tumor, and its diagnosis mainly relies on pathological findings, immunohistochemistry, gene rearrangement.