bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scleractinians of Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: results of 1983-1984 investigation.
Authors: Zlatarski V. N.
Published: January 2021

From 1983 to 1984, the Center for Advanced Studies and Research in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico (CINVESTAV-Unidad Mérida) conducted an extensive study of reef scleractinians all around theYucatán peninsula, from Cayos Arcas to the border of Belize. The results were not published. This article aims to preserve the unique information gathered in this study regarding scleractinian taxonomy,nomenclature and health, their species richness, community data and distribution, as well as their reef zonation. Scuba observations and collections were performed daily and nightly from the coast to a depth of 60 m, in 39 transects and 10 single stations, from a total of 141 sites and 174 stations. 4,579 coralla werecollected, inventoried and identified. In total, 42 species and one hybrid of 27 genera were determined and four reef types were established: Campeche Bank reefs, reefs in the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, Cozumel Island coral reefs and Chinchorro Bank reefs. The severe negative impact of oil exploitation was evident in Cayos Arcas. Poorly conducted tourism and fishing damaged the reefs in Cozumel, Punta Brava and Isla Mujeres. Scleractinian health did not show significant anomalies. No epizootic phenomena were established. Recruits frequented non-damaged locations. The results obtained in less than 14 months offield work present a quarter-century-old snapshot and baseline for understanding scleractinian life and their role in the reef-building process, and assist in the formulation of recommendations for the conservation of coral reefs in southeastern Mexico.
Interpretation of Information Theory (H') as an index of comunity structure.
Authors: Hernández Almeida O. U.
Published: January 2021

Information theory (IT) has been used in the many different disciplines of communication. However, only in few cases an examination for complying with the assumptions of IT have been carried outand thus ensure that the results allow for the generation of theory. In this order, in this review several interpretations of the IT in ecological investigation are examined through consideration of the basis from which the IT algorithms have been derived, mainly H´. It was noted that three versions of the IT are used for describing ecologic phenomena, and that the measurement of information can be used as an indicator of diversity but requires conversion. Likewise, that a  discrimination between diversity and informationmeasurements is convenient inasmuch the latter measures statistical structure which can be used todescribe community structure. This allows for exploring further interpretations of H´ such as its predictive capability.
New records of planktonic dinoflagellates from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, México.
Authors: Gárate-Lizárraga I.
Published: January 2021

Seventeen new records of planktonic  dinoflagellates for the Gulf of Tehuantepec arepresented. From these, the Dinophysiales Histioneis costata, and Dinophysis expulsa are new records for the Mexican Pacific. All but one species, Gonyaulax milneri (first description) were documented with photographic images. The first image of Histioneis pieltainii is recorded in this work. General distribution of these taxa is mainly in subtropical and tropical waters.
Pro-thrombolites from Laguna San Ignacio, B.C.S., Mexico.
Authors: Siqueiros-Beltrones D. A. , Hernández-Almeida O. U. , González-Carrillo S. , Argumedo-Hernández U.
Published: January 2021

New information is presented on the presence of prothrombolites in coastal lagoons of the Baja California Peninsula. The photographic records of prothrombolytic structures in Laguna San Ignacio, B.C.S. support the hypothesis that these promoted the formation of coastal lagoons throughout the Mexican northwest and that the cyanophyte species involved are the same.
Anticoagulant screening of marine algae from Mexico, and partial characterization of the active sulfated polysaccharide from Eisenia arborea.
Authors: Muñoz-Ochoa M. , Murillo-Alvarez J. I. , Rodrí­guez-Montesinos Y. E. , Hernández-Carmona G. , Arvizu-Higuera D. L. , Peralta-Cruz J. , Lizardi-Mendoza J.
Published: January 2021

The in vitro anticoagulant activity of 41 water extracts of various seaweeds from Baja CaliforniaSur, Mexico was evaluated. In this study, nine extracts exhibited anticoagulant activity in the prothrombin time assay and 29 extracts were positive in the activated partial thromboplastin time assay. The water extract obtained at 25 °C from the brown seaweed Eisenia arborea was the most active in both assays, increasing the normal blood clotting-time over 300 s at 100 mg mL-1. The fractionation of this extract by anion exchangechromatography yielded 3 fractions. Fraction 2 eluted with 1.0 M sodium chloride increased the clotting-time over 300 s in the activated partial-thromboplastin time assay at 5 mg mL-1, being more active than sodium heparin. Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of fraction 2 showed it to be a sulfated heterofucan composed of 56.2 % ± 0.1% of total sugars and 45 % of sulfates.The neutral sugar constituents of the active heterofucan was determined to be 47.6 % fucose, 35.5 % xylose and 16.9 % rhamnose, with substitutions of sulfate groups at C-4 (axial), and minor substitutions at C-2 and-or C-3.
Estimation of Taylor's Power Law parameters a and b for tidal marsh macrobenthic species.
Authors: Flynn M. N. , Pereira R. L. S.
Published: January 2021

In the Cananeia region of southeastern Brazil, Spartina alterniflora marshes colonize tidal flatsfringing mangrove woodlands and displaying a zonation typical of monocultures. The pattern observed can be explained by the combined effects of organism resistance to emersion and physical dependence on the plants as habitat. In this context, it is interesting to quantify the aggregation index for the dominant species associated with the salt marsh. A tool which enables us to do it is Taylor´s power law, which combines the mean and the variance distributions of species in a known area. From August 1988 to January 1989, tenrandom samples were taken monthly from the lower and upper marshes using a 20 cm diameter corer (0.03 m2) at a depth of 10 cm. The five most representative species of the system were selected for further analysis, and for each of these, Taylor´s power law parameters were calculated. Epifaunal species present aggregation indexes approaching randomness. The aggregation indexes for the infaunal species were observed to have consistently high values even in clearly different conditions of population density and availability of organic matter. The smaller number of infauna forms in the lower marsh as compared to the upper marsh does not point to a competitive disadvantage since there is no alteration in b values. For the infauna species only, the value of a shows a sharp decrease from the lower to the upper marsh.
Biological indicators in the pelagic enviroment.
Authors: Jiménez-Rosenberg S. P. A. , Aceves-Medina G.
Published: January 2021

La evaluación de los ecosistemas con respecto a su nivel estabilidad y las causas de su cambio son elementos indispensables para el manejo y regulación de sus recursos. Para tal efecto, los indicadores biológicos se han convertido en un componente vital, ya que están diseñados para proveer señales sobre eventos a gran escala que ocurren en el ambiente y para hacer perceptibles tendencias o fenómenos no detectables fácilmente. Sin embargo, se deben hacer ciertas consideraciones en la selección y el uso de los indicadores biológicos adecuados y entender que estos no deben de ser empleados como sustitutos de otros procedimientos de evaluación ambiental e investigación. Comunidades y organismos de diferentes niveles tróficos en el ambiente marino pelágico han mostrado su utilidad como indicadores biológicos, empero el valor de la información que aportan está en función de la posibilidad de ser extrapolada a diferentes escalas de espacio y/o tiempo, así­ como de la experiencia y objetividad del investigador. Las series de tiempo largas provenientes de las pesquerí­as y programas de investigación diversos (muchos de ellos enfocados a las comunidades planctónicas), han mostrado su utilidad para ser utilizadas como indicadores biológicos. En consecuencia, la mayor parte de la investigación encaminada a conocer la variabilidad ambiental se enfoca sobre estos organismos.

Biological indicators in the pelagic enviroment

Ecosystem evaluation regarding stability and causes of change are indispensable elements for the management and regulation of its resources. For this reason, biological indicators are a vital component since they are designed to provide signals about large scale events that occur in the environment, making trends or events perceptible that otherwise can not be detected easily. Nevertheless, considerations have to be made in the selection and use of adequate biological indicators, and to understand that they should not be used as a substitute of other procedures of environmental evaluation and investigation. In the marine pelagic environment, communities and organisms from different trophic levels have shown their usefulness as biological indicators, although the value of the information that they provide is a function of the possibility to extrapolate this information to different scales of space and time, as well as the experience and objectivity of the researcher. The long time series of information coming from fisheries and long time research programs (many of then focused on the plankton communities) have shown their benefits when used as biological indicators. As a consequence, most of the research effort to understand the environmental variability is focused on these communities.
Sea stars (Chinodermata: Asteroidea) in rocky reefs of Guadalupe Island, Northwest Mexico.
Authors: Reyes-Bonilla H. , González-Romero S. , Mohedano-Navarrete A.
Published: January 2021

The objective of the work was to describe the community structure of the stars of sea ​​in Isla Guadalupe, (28° N - 29° N), located west of the Baja California Peninsula. The area was visited in September 2008 and 64 censuses were made in 16 sites (3,200 m2 reviewed), both in shallow areas (0 to 10 m) as deep (11 to 20 m). From the counts, the community descriptors of density and richness, diversity (H') and uniformity (J'). On the island, only the species Astrometis sertulifera, Pisaster giganteus and Linckia columbiae. The NU- The total number of individuals found was seven and given the low abundance, no significant differences were detected between sites or depth levels with any of the indices. There is no explanation for the low number of starfish in the work area, but considering the low numbers of the populations and that Isla Guadalupe is a Biosphere Reserve, it is recommended not to grant permits for the extraction of stars from sea ​​in the area, given that the species found are part of the market for species of ornament.
First record of Ceratium dens (Dinophyceae) in the Gulf of California.
Authors: Gárate-Lizárraga I.
Published: January 2021

The dinoflagellate Ceratium dens, originally described from the Indian Ocean, recorded for the first time in the Gulf of California and in the Mexican Pacific. were examined all available records of C. dens. The geographic distribution of this species is mainly in tropical and subtropical waters. The presence of C. dens during the autumn year 2009 in the waters of the Gulf of California appears to relate to El Niño Event conditions.
Spatial variation of epiphytic microalgae composition in Ulva spp. (Chlorophyta: Ulvaceae) in the Santiago de Cuba bay
Authors: Gómez Luna L. , Fernández R. , Jover Capote A. , Delgado Cobas L.
Published: January 2021

The floristic composition of epiphytic microalgae on Ulva spp. in the bay of Santiago de Cuba wasdetermined. Sampling was carried out in five locations (Alameda, Punta Sal, Belmare, Cayo Caracoles and Granma) located according to a pollution gradient, from February to May 2007. We identified 27 species belonging to 24 genera and 3 divisions, on Ulva lactuca, U. fasciata, U. flexuosa and U. rigida. The taxocoenosis of epiphytic microalgae was dominated by five species of diatoms (Cocconeis pinnata, Eunotia sp. Licmophora lyngbyei, Pinnularia sp., Navicula sp.) and two of the blue-green algae (Anabaena lemmermannii and Oscillatoria limosa). The greatest richness of epiphytic species was recorded on February and March. Their distribution seems to be conditioned by abundance and distribution of the substrate, thallus shape and contamination level. The lowest richness of epiphytic microalgae was observed in Alameda and Punta Sal (the interior lobe of the bay), which are more contaminated, and a higher richness was observed in healthier localities: Belmare, Cayo Caracoles and Granma, from the outer lobe.
Biological and population aspects of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931), during the closed season 2006 in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
Authors: Ramos-Cruz S.
Published: January 2021

During the period of closed season (June to August of 2006) of the Mexican shrimp fishery, three cruises of fishing prospection were made in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (southeast of Mexico), with the purpose of evaluating biological and population aspects of the shrimp species under commercial exploitation. In the particular case of white shrimp L. vannamei an accumulated sample of 2,905 items was analyzed, out of which 44.5 % were male and 55.5 % females (p>0.05), giving a generalized female/male (f/m) proportion of 1.2:1. Bathymetrically the main abundances were delimited by the 17 fathom (30.6 m) isobaths. In general terms the population was integrated predominantly by organisms with immature gonads (stage I), whereas the greater percentage of females with gonads in development (stage II) and sexually mature males (stage II) appeared in August. Spatially, the results showed that in this closed season the reproductive process (maturation and spawning) was developed with greater intensity in the subzones 92 to 95, between 12 to 16 fathoms (22m and 29 m). The mean length at first maturity (lm50) for females was 192 mm and 170.1 mm for males. Biometric relationships were established between total and abdominal length for the whole population and for independent sexes.
A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata)
Authors: Gómez F.
Published: January 2021

A checklist and classification of the extant dinoflagellates are given. Dinokaryotic dinoflagellates (including Noctilucales) comprised 2,294 species belonging to 238 genera. Dinoflagellatessensu lato(Ellobiopsea, Oxyrrhea, Syndinea and Dinokaryota) comprised 2,377 species belonging to 259 genera. The nomenclature ofseveral taxa has been corrected according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. When gene sequences were available, the species were classified following the Small and Large SubUnit rDNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) phylogenies. No taxonomical innovations are proposed herein. However, the checklist revealed that taxa distantly related to the type species of their genera would need to be placed in a new or another knowngenus. At present, the most extended molecular markers are unable to elucidate the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. The classification of the dinoflagellates remains unresolved, especially at the order level.
Metabolic scaling regularity in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Salcido -Guevara L. A. , Arreguí­n -Sánchez F. , Palmeri L. , Barausse A.
Published: January 2021

We tested the hypothesis that ecosystem metabolism follows a quarter power scaling relation, analogous to organisms. Logarithm of Biomass/Production (B/P) to Trophic Level (TL) relationship was estimated to 98 trophic models of aquatic ecosystems. A normal distribution of the slopes gives a modal value of 0.64, which was significantly different of the theoretical value of 0.75 (p<0.05). After correction for transfer efficiencyamong trophic levels a modal value of 0.726 was obtained through a least squares algorithm which was not significantly different from the theoretical one (p>0.05). We also tested for error in both variables, Log (B/P) and TL, through a Reduced Major Axis regression with similar results, with a modal value of 0.756 (p>0.05). We also explored a geographic distribution showing no significant relation (p>0.05) to latitude and between differentregions of the world. We conclude that: a)  cosystem metabolism follows the quarter-power scaling rule; b) transfer efficiency between TL plays a relevant role characterizing local attributes to ecosystem metabolism; and c) there is neither latitudinal nor geographic differences. These findings confirm the existence of a metabolicscaling regularity in aquatic ecosystems.
The potential effect of nitrogen removal processes on the δ15N from different taxa in the mexican subtropical north eastern Pacific
Authors: Camalich J. , Sánchez A. , Aguí­ñiga S. , Balart E. F.
Published: January 2021

The sub-tropical north eastern Pacific is one of the major zones in the ocean where nitrogen is removed by bacterial processes which are enhanced by low oxygen concentrations commonly found in the water column along the Pacific coast upwelling areas. It is well established that the nitrogen isotopic signal (δ15N) increases in relation to trophic levels but little is known about the transfer of this δ15N signal from the dissolvedfraction to higher trophic levels in oceanic regions with low oxygen. The objectives of this study are: 1) to report δ15N values from different abiotic and biotic components collected in the low-oxygen oceanic region in front of Bahía Magdalena (Mexican subtropical north-eastern Pacific); 2) to compare the δ15N of different trophic levelswith analogous organisms in regions where nitrogen fixation is the dominating process, which will allow us to evaluate the actual transfer of δ15N enriched in 15N through the trophic web up to top predators. The δ15N was higher in both abiotic and biological compared to those reported from zones where N fixation is the dominating process. Oxygen concentrations in the oceanic area in front of Bahía Magdalena are low (< 2ml/l) at shallow water depths (< 100m) but not anoxic. Despite this we found that the δ15N signal reflects denitrification and this signal is transferred up though the food web.
Coastal sea surface temperature records along the Baja California Peninsula
Authors: Sicard -González M. T. , Tripp -Valdéz M. A. , Ocampo L. , Maeda -Martí­nez A. N. , Lluch -Cota S. E.
Published: January 2021

The analysis of high temporal resolution temperature environmental series in coastal areas it will allow a better characterization of the forms and scales of variation. The databases currently available they lack sufficient resolution to detect environmental variations on a scale of hours and days. In this work we present a collection of high-frequency logs from various sites along the coasts of the Baja California Peninsula. So far there are 47 sites; however, this monitoring network intends to expand with the objective of generating databases of public and free access, providing a valuable tool not only for research, but also for applications such as production aquaculture.
Proliferation of Levanderina fissa and Polykrikos hartmannii (dinophyceae: Gymnodiniales) in Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California, México.
Authors: Gárate -Lizárraga I.
Published: January 2021

On 19–20 August 2014, a moderate proliferation of dinoflagellates was detected in the southwestern part of Bahía de La Paz. The phytoplankton community within this red tide was composed of 60 microalgae taxa and was characterized by the presence of unarmored dinoflagellates such as Levanderina fissa and Polykrikos hartmannii. The proliferation occurred during low tide after a period of windy and rainy days. Densities of L. fissa varied from 163 to 265 × 103 cells L–1 and for P. hartmannii varied from 16 to 33 × 103 cells L–1. Low densities were estimated on September and October   samplings. Both species showed a great variation both in size and form. As part of the phytoplankton species composition during this proliferation, two taxa of dinoflagellates are new records for the Pacific coast of Mexico (Ankistrodinium   semilunatum and Sclerodinium calyptroglyphe), one in the Gulf of California (Pronoctiluca acuta), and one in the Bahía de La Paz (Prorocentrumrobustum). Cyanobacteria were an important group observed during this proliferation. The symbiotic association between a cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., the stramenopile protist Solenicola setigera, and the diatom Leptocylindrus mediterraneus was observed for the first time in this bay.
Protocol optimization for DNA extraction and amplification by PCR of denitrifying organisms.
Authors: Blanco -Jarvio A. , Martí­nez -López A.. , Bautista -Garcí­a A.
Published: January 2021

In this contribution we had the objective to solve the problems encountered working with molecularbiology techniques for the extraction of DNA obtained from marine suspended particulate matter, and we provide an alternative on how to resolve such problems. Commonly employed protocols were modified to optimize thetotal DNA extracted increasing in terms of quality and quantity the probability of amplifying the functional genes. In addition, the results of the selection of hypervariable sites of 16S rARN and nirS, nirK and nosZ genes are presented for the determination of amplicons useful in the identification of microorganisms participating in the denitrification pathway in the water column.
Survival of juvenile white mullet Mugil curema (Mugilidae) in a coastal lagoon.
Authors: Quiñonez -Velázquez C. , López -Olmos J. R. , Pérez -Quiñones C. I.
Published: January 2021

The hatching date frequency distribution (HDFD) of juvenile white mullet (Mugil curema) sampledat monthly intervals in the coastal lagoon Ensenada de La Paz, B.C.S., México from May 1997 to May 1998 was reconstructed for different age intervals and corrected for differences in the accumulated mortality. The ratio of the HDFD at a given age to the HDFD at an earlier age was used as an index of the relative survival of juveniles grouped into 14-day hatch-date cohorts. The results show that the white mullet spawns during the whole year inBahía de La Paz, with the highest survival of larvae from October to February. Variations of the relative survival of the age groups were correlated significantly to the variations in growth. A fast growth resulted in high survival while a slow growth yielded low and high survival. The latter was observed when the juveniles used the lagoonafter 40-days-old, indicating that the area is used mainly as a refuge. The return to the coastal area can explain the decrease of juveniles older than 80 days in the lagoon.
An injured specimen of Carcharodon carcharias; prospective assessment of the species’ hunting costs.
Authors: Flores -Ramí­rez Sergio , López -Fuerte Francisco Omar , Reyes -Bonilla Hector , Jakes -Cota Ulianov , Aquino -Baleytó Marc
Published: January 2021

Although culturally the great ti white buron (Carcharodon carcharias) as a predator invulnerable, in the present the death of a species is reported sub-adult men caught in a fishing net; specific saying Men was injured by the spine of a pelagic ray that penetrated the shark's spine, making it possible mind impaired their ability to swim. The event suggests that white sharks can be injured and even killed, while hunting dangerous prey; This raises questions from how individuals of the species make hunting decisions. The theories of "Optimal Foraging" and "Resource Search risk of predation ”combined with se technology guidance, would allow answering these types of questions
Verification and validation of mangrove presence in the central portion of the east coast of the Baja California Peninsula, México
Authors: López -Fuerte Francisco O. , Rivera Mónica G. , Cruz -Piñón Gabriela
Published: January 2021

To verify and / or validate the existence of angrove swamp in four locations in the central portion of the eastern coast of Baja California Sur, a boat trip was made from the coastal lagoon San Lucas (27⁰ 14.8 'N; 112⁰ 12´ W) to the San Carlos estuary (27 ° 42ʹ 13ʺ N, 112 ° 38ʹ 24ʺ W). The absence of mangroves was verified in Campo Camacho, Santa Ana and San Carlos. The lagoon coastal San Lucas was the only one with the presence of mangroves and the structural parameters of this mangrove indicate typologies of rim and dwarf mangroves, which are found forming strips parallel to the coastline between 5 and 25 m wide. Estimated total coverage by digitizing satellite images was 50 ha, which represented 11% of the extension of the lagoon. The dominant species was Rhizophora mangle with 44% coverage and average height of 2.08 m (SD ± 0.41) with a height interval of 1.60–2.80 m, followed by Avicennia germinans with 36% coverage, height mean of 2.4 m (SD ± 0.94) and an interval of 0.20-3.5 m and finally, Laguncularia racemosa with 20% of coverage, average height of 2.40 m (SD ± 0.41) and a 1.90–3 m interval.
Avifaunal community structure associated to El Conchalito mangrove, BCS, Mexico under different tide conditions
Authors: Verdugo Dí­az Gerardo , Verdugo Moreno Sofia Aytana , Rodrí­guez Olachea Danna Esthela , Ojeda Ramos Erick Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

The importance in the study of avian community structure relates to their relevant role in theecosystem. Specially, when they are exposed to collateral damage by anthropogenic activities. The goal of thisresearch was to determine the variation of avian community structure in the mangrove forest El Conchalito, BCSthrough the use of ecological indices such as diversity (H’), dominance (D), and the biological value index (IVB)in April-June of 2016 during the seasonal transition from Spring-Summer. To describe the environmental frame,measurements of temperature, noise level, and chlorophyll a were made, and other climatological data were used.A total of 15 species of aquatic, marine or shore birds were recorded (5 orders, 7 families and 9 genera), and 3species of terrestrial birds (2 orders, 2 families and 3 genera). Maximum bird abundances were observed duringthe first sampling. Diversity values varied between H´= 1.1 and H´= 1.8, with maxima at the beginning and atthe end of the study period. This was related with the low tides and the increase of species richness, respectively.Noise level and chlorophyll a concentration, were not associated directly with the changes observed in the community structure. Species richness was associated directly with temperature increase. The most important birdspecies were: Egretta thula (96.9%), Zenaida asiatica (88.7%), Numenius phaeopus (86.8%), and Egretta rufescens (83.8); less important was Ceryle alcyon (28.2). Three species protected under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010were identified.
An approach to the floristics and faunistics of the intertidal zone in El Pulpo rocky shore, Cazones, Veracruz, Mexico.
Authors: DE LA CRUZ FRANCISCO VICENCIO , ORDUÑA -MEDRANO ROSA ESTELA , PAREDES -FLORES JOSEFINA ESTHER , VíSQUEZ-ESTRADA ROSA IVETTE , MARLENE GONZíLEZ-GONZíLEZ MARLENE , LILIANA FLORES-GALICIA LILIANA
Published: January 2021

The rocky intertidal of Veracruz, Mexico is a coastal ecosystem with high biodiversity. However,its relevance has not been recognized compared with other marine ecosystems. The objective of this study was todevelop the first floristic and faunistic lists of the rocky intertidal of El Pulpo beach, located in the municipalityof Cazones, Veracruz. Samples were taken from 2013 to 2016 in the rocky intertidal strip in periods of low tidein order to record the marine biota and the collection of biological material for their taxonomic identification. Inaddition, a bibliographic review was performed to complement the species inventory. Fifty-one species of benthicmacroalgae, one species of phanerogam, 186 species of invertebrates, and five species of vertebrates were recorded totaling 243 intertidal marine species. The Rhodophyta are the most representative of the phycoflora with 29species, while the phylum Mollusca are the most representative of the fauna with 139 species. Most of the marinespecies were recorded in the middle and lower intertidal. Consequently, the lowest richness was recorded in theupper intertidal which consists of filamentous and foliose algae, mollusks and crustaceans with both browsing andfilter habits. This distribution coincides with those described for other rocky intertidal environments. The numberof species recorded in the rocky intertidal of El Pulpo beach demonstrates the relevance of this ecosystem. It isthus necessary to encourage actions for its protection and conservation.
Considerations on the behavior and phases of the fisheries consumption
Authors: González -Laxe Fernando
Published: January 2021

The fishing activity has a key role in terms of income and employment, and it also guarantees access to food and food security. 56 million people are estimated to work in this field, three fold if we include aval and amont activities. Almost 40% of the fishing production is sold in world markets and its value represents 146000 million dollars. These figures are higher than those coming from coffee, banana, cocoa, tea, tobacco or sugar. Fishing activities contribute to food security by providing the population with an essential nutritional content -they account for 17% of animal protein and 6.7% of the yearly protein intake. In this paper, recent food patterns are analyzed and the different stages in the consumption of fishing products are described by taking into account recent changes in this field. The three mayor transformations stem from the consolidation of a vast global market, from technical innovations in vessels and from improvements in preservation procedures and in the quality of fishing products.
Perilaku Murid Sekolah Dasar Kelas III Sampai Kelas VI Tentang Mencuci Tangan Di SDN 017 Di Kelurahan Buluh Kasap Kecamatan Dumai Timur Kota Dumai Tahun 2018
Authors: Julimar Julimar
Published: January 2021

Many children do not wash their hands before eating, so that the bacteria can result in hand with food will be brought in through the mouth and throat to the digestive tract so that the occurrence of an initial survey pencernaan.Based o n the survey that has been done at SD 017 Kelurahan Buluh Kasap Kota Dumai. Most students take hand washing not matching true procedures.The purpose of the research  to Description Of The Behavior Of The Primary School Students In Hand washing SDN 017 Buluh Kasap Kota Dumai Tahun 2018.

This is a descriptive study conducted on students in grade III and VI SD 017 Buluh Kasap Kota Dumai. The population is all elementary students in grades III through grade VI. Sampling technique with accidental sampling, with a sample of 43 people. Data collection tool used was koesioner and observation sheets . Analysis of the data used univariate data analysis.

The results obtained over half (88.3%) of respondents had a high level of knowledge about hand washing, half (88.3%) of respondents have a positive attitude about hand washing, and over half (53.4%) of respondents have either no action about hand washing.

In order for the implementation of hand washing behavior expected for elementary school students in order to make policy regarding hand washing, controlling, providing motivation for elementary students 19 olo desert village about handwashing, and complete facilities and infrastructure, including the provision of hand soap and paper towels or clean towel.
Analisis Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Daerah (SIKDA) Generik Di Unit Rekam Medis Puskesmas Langsat Tahun 2020
Authors: Dedem Dedi , Welly Sando  , Suci Badri Yana
Published: January 2021

Regional  information  system  is a term that is used to describe a system consisting of a combination of input such as human resources (brainware), software, information needs format (informware), information technology and communication technology, the process of sending an analysis report recording (entry). the feedback and output data information mechanism that can be accessed together and has adequate quality, regional information system in the Langsat Health Center Medical Record Unit only started in 2017, SIKDA in the medical records unit lacks Human Resources because it does not there is a Medical Record and IT graduate. Obstacles that occur, such as disruption of soft ware and hard ware networks when opened, experience delays, causing delays in the given services. For the Fund itself, there is no special budget provided for the implementation of theregional information system  application because it has been allocated by the Health Office. Budget allocation of funds is held only if needed. This type of qualitative research uses interview and observational sheets. The research was conducted in February-September, at Langsat Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City. The research subjects were the Head of Langsat Community Health Center, the Head of the Medical Records Unit, the person in charge of SIKDA, and Operators. Data analysis was used by systematically managing the interview guidelines, then processing the data, data from observations were identified to describe each variable, a summary will be presented in a narrative form. The results of this study indicate that the Generic regional information system  in the Medical Records Unit has been running at its maximum, even though there is a lack of calm in Human Resources there are no medical records and IT graduates. Infrastructure is lacking in terms of ginset, Fund Allocation is not a special budget. Must improve Human Resources, Facilities and Infrastructure.
Human Resource Development: Overview of the Performance Evaluation and Performance Appraisal viewpoints
Authors: Thuy Navia , Trinh Elly
Published: January 2021

This article discusses Human Resource Development by reviewing Performance Evaluation and Performance Appraisals. Every organization must prepare a program that contains activities that can improve the capabilities and professionalism of HR so that the organization can survive and develop in accordance with the organizational environment. The appraisal process starts from setting employee performance standards. A manager must determine what achievements, skills or outputs will be evaluated. These performance standards should be included in the job analysis and job description. After the performance standards have been set, the next thing to do is communicate to each employee, so that the employees know what is expected by the company. Performance appraisals are used to tell employees how far they are performing and the rewards they will get. Performance appraisal also aims to evaluate and provide feedback to employees that will develop employees and also the effectiveness of the organization. Poor performance shows the need for training as well as good performance can reflect the great potential that must be developed.
Development of Accounting Practice in Industrial Era
Authors: Chau Hyunh , Liu Khanh
Published: January 2021

This study discusses the development of accounting practice in industrial era. Bookkeeping must create in arrange to be able to supply the data necessary for choice making within the company for any changes within the trade environment. Trade globalization can be seen from free exchange between nations which has come about within the development of many multinational companies, this moreover influences the require for harmonization of a standard that applies to the total world. Bookkeeping can moreover be classified agreeing to a country's legitimate framework. This see has ruled bookkeeping considering for the final 20 a long time or so. The result could be a solid capital showcase creating in common law nations and a powerless capital advertise creating in code law nations. Companies in common law nations get a huge sum of capital through open advertising of offers to a number of financial specialists, compared to companies in code-dwelling nations.
Les images manquantes
Authors: Pierre-Bouthier Marie
Published: January 2021

La problématique de « l’image manquante », développée par le cinéaste franco-cambodgien Rithy Panh, est opérante dans la plupart des dictatures. Cet article re-parcourt l’histoire du documentaire marocain à l’aune de cet enjeu, en prenant pour point d’entrée la représentation de la répression des années 1980. Après une relecture entre les lignes, entre les images, à revers, d’un documentaire « un peu trop » de propagande, Une journée au Maroc, Mohamed Laâlioui, 1982, on décrit comment, contre ce genre d’occultation criante de la réalité par le cinéma officiel marocain, les médias français ont cherché obsessionnellement les « images manquantes » de la répression politique au Maroc, en particulier le magazine Résistances de Bernard Langlois. Aujourd’hui enfin, la nécessité de pallier le manque d’images de cette période de l’histoire du Maroc constitue un véritable moteur de recherche et de création pour des cinéastes contemporains comme Ali Essafi, Leila Kilani ou Hicham Lasri.
Aksi Kolektif Perempuan dan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Desa: Upaya Perempuan dalam Menggerakkan Perubahan dan Memengaruhi Pembangunan Inklusif Gender di Daerah Perdesaan Indonesia
Authors: Diprose Rachael , Savirani Amalinda , Setiawan Ken M.P. , Francis Naomi
Published: January 2021

Kajian mengenai Aksi Kolektif Perempuan dan UU Desa ini bermaksud untuk memahami dalam konteks apa, sejauh mana dan melalui mekanisme apa aksi kolektif oleh perempuan memengaruhi implementasi UU Desa, dan apa peran yang telah OMS jalankan dalam proses tersebut? Kajian ini membahas hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di sembilan provinsi, 12 kabupaten, dan 14 desa—di Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, NTT dan NTB.
INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Turan University, Omarbakiyev L. A. , Zharylkassyn Zh. ,   Turan University
Published: January 2021

The priority task for Kazakhstan is to increase the competitiveness of the national economy. The formation of competitive advantages of industries and enterprises of agro-industrial complex is of particular importance in scientific aspects and in business practice. Scientifically based technologies of agricultural production envisage production and sale of agricultural products and food products in the required volumes, which are competitive on domestic and foreign markets. The authors note that one of the main problems in processing of raw materials is the low output of final goods from raw unit. In order to fill export niches and ensure import substitution, new export-oriented sectors of the agro-industrial complex have been studied. In particular, in processing industry, the transition to international quality standards for technical and technological re-equipment of production, as well as expanding the range of food products and creating equal conditions for competition with main trading partners in the Eurasian Economic Union remains relevant. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to make amendments in matters of technical regulation, trade, protection of competition, information, customs and border services, improve organizational and economic structure of agricultural sector in the following priority areas of management: development of integration in AIC, agro-industrial entities performing procurement functions, storage, transportation, processing and marketing, organization of agricultural markets, ensuring formation of effective material resources. Thus, it can be stated that increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products depends on many factors, the observance of which is an indispensable condition for the recovery of the industry's economy.
COMMERCIALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RESULTS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors:   Narxoz University, Bazarbayev A.O. , Akpanbetova B.ZH. ,   Almaty Academy of Economics and Statistics, Berstembaeva R.K. ,   Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade
Published: January 2021

Based on the study of commercialization of the results of scientific research in agricultural sector, the article discusses the issues of using scientific discoveries in Kazakhstan and shows ways to solve them to improve the efficiency of the country's agro-industrial complex, create competitive environment, accelerate effective application of innovations. The main barriers to the commercialization of scientific achievements in the field of agricultural production are identified. The authors note that incentives are needed only for the targeted selection of projects on competitive basis with emphasis on promising areas of innovative development of agro-industrial complex, and also draw attention to the fact that for the growth of indicators of commercialization of agricultural enterprises and other economic entities, they aim to get benefits from introduction of innovations into production, prove their production viability in all parameters that determine their innovative activity. Internal costs for research and development work are analyzed depending on the types of work. As a result, it was found that funding for scientific research in the country remains at a low level, the level of funds invested in R&D is significantly inferior to economically developed countries. The information on the innovative infrastructure contributing to the successful commercialization of scientific results is presented. Thus, the most important task of the scientific and innovative process, which ensures the relevance and practical feasibility of innovative projects, is the commercialization of technologies.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN ALMATY REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Narxoz University, Smagulova SH. A.
Published: January 2021

The author examines the problems that have arisen in food market: rising food prices, restrictions on the supply of agricultural raw materials due to the coronavirus pandemic around the world. It is shown that in Kazakhstan the size of GDP for 8 months of 2020 decreased in relation to the same period in 2019 by 3%. The statistical data on changes in the level of development of sectors of the national economy for August 2020, the amount of gross output of agriculture, forestry and fishery in the republic are presented. State measures to support farmers in the current situation have been substantiated. Literary sources are summarized with emphasis on the importance and role of attracting foreign capital to agricultural sector. The analysis of investment projects for production, processing and storage of agricultural products is carried out on the example of Almaty region. Foreign investors who, together with the participation of government agencies, allocate material resources for modernization, reconstruction, construction of new factories and agricultural complexes are presented. At the same time, great attention is paid to increasing the efficiency of production facilities and innovative agricultural technologies. Subsectors of agriculture have been identified, where investments in this region are involved as a priority. The barriers and problems of limiting foreign investment in agro-industrial complex during the period of "COVID 19" are identified: uncertainty of continuation of the pandemic, the volatility of world oil prices, trade wars and sanctions, dollarization of the economy, etc. Recommendations and prospects for improving the implementation of investment projects are presented.
INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ASSOCIATIONS IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors:   Ministry of Digital Development, Innovations and Aerospace Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Abdikadirova A. , Dulatbekova Zh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kushenova M. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University
Published: January 2021

An efficient market economy presupposes functioning of highly developed infrastructure for agricultural production. One of the negative factors restraining the modernization of agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, its material and technical base and the development of rural areas is the regression of production mechanism. The formation of competitive model of interconnected structures serving agriculture contributes to the creation of integration ties and improvement of State regulation, the expansion of domestic production and the increase in the competitiveness of the products of this industry. The article shows the problems of structural imbalances in the provision of enterprises with all types of material and technical resources of agro-industrial complex, lag in the level of the internal infrastructure of agricultural enterprises and agro-industrial complex as a whole, which leads to the ineffective use of elements of production potential and is an obstacle to the introduction of modern equipment and technologies, as well as new forms of organization of production. The agricultural sector as raw material support for light industry is a key one in the country's economy. As modern experience of industry associations of developed countries shows, functioning of production services market is viewed as trend based on the principles and characteristics of the development of various industries. The authors present an improved Kazakhstani model for the development of agricultural production infrastructure, taking into account the best world practice of consistency in planning and evaluating results, the complexity of measures, individual approach, guarantees of fulfillment of obligations.
DAIRY INDUSTRY OF THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION: STATE AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Shakarim University, Kazhieva ZH. H.
Published: January 2021

As a result of the study of the state and problems in the dairy industry of the East Kazakhstan region - the leading region for production of dairy products in the country, development of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan and East Kazakhstan region from 2010-2019 was analyzed, using indicators of gross milk yield, average annual cow population, milk yield per cow, structure of milk production in the region by categories of farms. The dynamics of production of dairy products in the region is considered based on the analysis of the volumes of milk production and main types of dairy products; assessment of the level of the average annual production capacity of enterprises, population's demand for dairy products and its actual consumption is presented. Along with this, the main problems of the development of dairy industry in the region are identified: low level of utilization of production capacities, shortage and low quality of used raw materials that do not meet the requirements of sanitary standards, an outdated material and technical base, and ways of solving them are proposed. The formation of specialized dairy farms of large and medium size, the development of agricultural cooperation will contribute to the provision of raw materials for dairy factories in the region. State support and stimulation of the activities of these forms of management will increase production of raw materials for the dairy industry in the region, improve its quality, as a result of compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, carrying out veterinary and breeding work at the required level, as well as integrated approach to ensuring employment of rural population and food security of the country.