bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘‘نظرة في لجان التعويض عن العقارات في بنغازي ‘‘لجنة بنغازي المركز أنموذجا
Authors: يوسف أ. محمد نوح عيسى
Published: December 2023

يعد حق الملكية حقا مقدسا، لا يجوز المساس به أو الانتقاص منه كونه حقا منسلخا من حق الشخص في التملك، وقد أكد الشارع الحكيم في كتابه على حرمة الاعتداء على هذا الحق في قوله تعالى " ولا تعتدوا إن الله لا يحب المعتدين"[1]، كما أكد المشرع الليبي على صون هذا الحق في مواطن عديدة[2]،  إلا أن مسلكه في صون هذا الحق صار مهددا عندما قرر إمكانية المساس به وفقا للقانون[3]، وبذلك أضحت الحماية المقررة لحق الملكية مكبلة بما ينظمه القانون، ولعل أبرز مثال يجسد ذلك هو القانون رقم (4) لسنة 1978م بشأن تنظيم بعض الأحكام الخاصة بالملكية العقارية، والذي بموجبه قرر المشرع نزع الملكية الخاصة بالأفراد في مقابل تعويض، إلا أن المشرع لم يكن موفقا في تنظيمه لأحكام هذا القانون، بالإضافة إلى تقصير السلطة التنفيذية في تنفيذه، ما أدى إلى ظهور العديد من الإشكاليات، التي دفعت المشرع إلى ضرورة تشكيل لجان للإشراف على التعويضات.
هذه اللجان أسست بموجب قراري اللجنة الشعبية العامة (سابقا)، الذي خصص أحدهما لتشكيل لجنة الإشراف على التعويضات رقم (108) لسنة 2006م بشأن الإجراءات والأسس والضوابط الخاصة باستكمال التعويض عن العقارات الخاضعة للقانون رقم (4) لسنة 1978م، والآخر بشأن تشكيل لجان فرعية رقم (66) لسنة 2006م،  وهذا الأخير يعنى بتشكيل اللجان الفرعية، الذي قرر توزيع هذه اللجان على المدن الليبية، بحسبان أن أحكام القانون رقم (4) المشار إليه قد طالت جل العقارات المملوكة للمواطنين في مختلف المدن الليبية، إلا أن الدراسة – من خلال هذا البحث- ستقتصر على إحدى هذه اللجان، ألا وهي اللجنة الفرعية بنغازي المركز، كونها تتمتع بخصوصية معينة من خلال ما تعرضت له المدينة من تهدم لمبان بسبب العمليات العسكرية التي حصلت بعد عام 2014م، واتخذ بشأنها قرار من اللجنة، بالإضافة إلى إمكانية إجراء المقابلات الشخصية مع أعضاء اللجنة، حتى يتسنى لنا معرفة مدى فعالية النصوص المنظمة لعمل اللجنة تجاه المعطيات الواقعية التي تواجه أعضاء اللجنة.
 دراسة لجنة التعويضات بنغازي المركز تتطلب بحث فكرتين رئيستين، إحداهما تتعلق بالإطار التنظيمي (مبحث أول)، والأخرى في شأن الإطار التنفيذي (مبحث ثان)، باتباع منهج تحليلي لنصوص قرار إنشائها، ومعرفة مدى الملاءمة للواقع العملي، لنختم هذا الموضوع بجملة من التوصيات، التي قد تسهم في معالجة جزء من آثار القانون رقم (4) لسنة 1978م.
 
[1] - سورة البقرة، آية رقم 190.
[2] - المادة (16) من الإعلان الدستوري الليبي الصادر عن المجلس الوطني الانتقالي في أغسطس 2011م، و كذلك المادة (31) من الدستور الليبي الصادر سنة 1951م، وكذلك المادة (814) من القانون المدني الصادر سنة 1953م. للمعرفة أكثر راجع د. الحبيب خليفة جبودة، الملكية العقارية في ليبيا (المشاكل والحلول)، مجلة القانون، العدد الثالث، 2012م، كلية القانون جامعة طرابلس، ص153.
[3] نصت المادة (16) من الإعلان الدستوري المؤقت على أن" الملكية الخاصة مصونة، ولا يمنع المالك من التصرف في ملكه إلا في حدود القانون"، وقد يرد هذا الاستثناء في صورة تقرير نزع العقار للمنفعة العامة مقابل تعويض عادل، ولكن لا ينصرف هذا الاستثناء إلى ما تقوم من جهة الإدارة من استيلاء على عقارات مملوكة للأفراد دون اتباع إجراءات نزع الملكية، للمعرفة أكثر راجع د. محمد عبد الله الحراري، أصول القانون الإداري، وسائل مباشرة الإدارة الشعبية لوظائفها، الجزء الثاني، المركز القومي للبحوث والدراسات العلمية، الطبعة الخامسة، 2003ف، ص124-126.
(الفاتاوى الشاذة (أسبابها , خطرها, والطرق الوقاية منها
Authors: الحامدي سعد سليمان سعد
Published: December 2023

الحَمدُ لله ربِّ العالمين والصلاة والسلام على المبعوث رحمة للعالمين، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إلا الله وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ له، فيما يستحقه على العبدِ من طاعاتِهِ وعباداتِهِ، خلق فقدّر، ودبّر فيسّر، وأشهدُ أن مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ الذي أظهر اللهُ به الإسلام بعد اندراسِ قواعدِهِ، ونسيانِ آياتِهِ.
أمَّا بَعْدُ: فموضوع الفتوى، وخاصة الفتاوى الشاذة التي تصدر من بعض المفتين، يُعد من الموضوعات الخطيرة التي استشرت في بلاد الإسلام، وتجاوزت حدوده الإقليمية، مما فوّت المصالح على العباد والبلاد (الفرد، الأسرة، المجتمع)، ولبّست على العامة دينهم، لاسيما أن الفتوى إعلان وكشف عن حكم شرعي في أي موضوع، سواء أكان خاصاً أم عاماً، دولياً أم فردياً، اجتماعياً أم سياسياً. 
وقد حذرت الشريعة من الفتوى دون علم، أو أن يتصّدر مجالس العلم من ليس مؤهلاً لها؛ لئلا يضلَّ الناس بفتواه أو بمجالسته عامة الناس، فيحمل وزر فتواه، ووزر من عمل بها إلى يوم القيامة. قال الله U : ﴿وَلا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُوْلَئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولاً﴾[الإسراء:36]. وكذلك حذرت من التسرع في الفتوى، والجرأة فيها دون تثبت أو تحقق، كبعض المتسرعين وقليلي البضاعة في العلم لئلا يتصّدر للفُتْيا من ليس أهلاً لها حباً للشهرة والظهور، وإلّا دَخَلَ في قَوْلِ النبي r: (من أفتى بِفُتْيَا غير ثَبَتٍ، فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ على من أَفْتَاهُ)([1]). وكذلك حذرت من العمل بالرأي المبني على غير دليل من كتاب الله تعالى، أو سُّنَّة النبي r، أو غير مستند إلى سبب، أو علة، أو مانع شرعي أو دون مراعاة لمقاصد الشريعة ونحو ذلك، فهذا يدخل في اتّباع الهوى ومجاراته، وهو محل الحرمة والذم شرعاً.
        وقد يعتمد البعض على فتاوى هؤلاء؛ لأنها تلبي حاجاتهم ورغباتهم، أو تحقق مصالحهم، أو تتمشى مع أهوائهم، أو نحو ذلك من الأغراض، فليتحر الناس العلماء الثقات، والمشهود له بالعلم والمعرفة، ولا يركن إلى من تسوّل له نفسه الفتوى دون علم أو اجتهاد، إذا كان يريد النجاة في الدنيا والآخرة، كما في قوله U : ﴿ يَوْمَ لا يَنْفَعُ مَالٌ وَلا بَنُونَ * إِلاَّ مَنْ أَتَى اللَّهَ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ﴾[الشعراء: 88-89]. وقد تصدّر بعض المتعالمين وأنصافهم -كما في زماننا- هذا للفتوى، فأصبح للفتوى الشاذة سوق رائجة، إذ غدا ميدان الفتوى ساحاً واسعاً مباحاً، يدخله مع القليل من أهله كثير من غير أهله. فلا ضوابط تمنع من العيث ولا شروط، اللهُمَّ إلا أن يكون المفتي حاملاً لشهادة في الشريعة أو في غيرها يستويان مثلاً. فشهادة الشريعة ليست إثبات على مرتبة الاجتهاد، والأنكى من هذا أن تقدم فتوى المتفيهقين على من هم أهل النظر والاجتهاد على الحقيقة، فتطمس فتوى الحق، وتعلن على الملأ فتوى الباطل، وتشّهر في وسائل الإعلام منمقة قد أحسن تكلف إخراجها، حتى اعتبر قائلها- افتراء- على الله عالم الأمة وفقيهها المبجّل المقدم([2]).
ولعلّ من أبرز أسباب الكتابة في هذا الموضوع ما يلي :

الابتلاء بالفتاوى الشاذة وكثرتها في هذا العصر وانتشارها بين عامة الناس بعد أن كانت نادرة في السابق.
بيان آثار الفتاوى الشاذة وخطرها على الأفراد والمجتمعات من الناحية الإيمانية والأمنية والاجتماعية .

جهل كثير من الناس بالأسباب الخفية وراء موضوع الفتاوى الشاذة، وسُبُل الوقاية منها، وطُرُق معالجتها . 
 
[1])- سنن ابن ماجه، كتاب السُّنَّة، باب اجتناب الرأي والقِياس، 1/20، حديث رقم 53 .
[2])- يُنْظر الفتاوى الشاذة وخطورتها، د/ عجيل جاسم النشمي، ص 41.
التعاون الدولي في تنفيذ الأحكام الجنائية الأجنبية طبقا للاتفاقيات الدولية
Authors: القطراني أ. فريحة
Published: December 2023

نتعرض في هذا البحث لدراسة الآلية التي رسمتها أهم الاتفاقيات المعينة بالتعاون القضائي الدولي لتنفيذ الأحكام الجنائية الأجنبية، حيث إنها تشكل البناء الأساسي لهذه الآلية المهمة من آلياته، فجوهر هذه الدراسة ومغزاها الحقيقي هو تحليل القواعد التي تتضمنها هذه الاتفاقيات، كونها تساهم في تطوير القانون الجنائي الدولي، التي تتعلق بموضوع تنفيذ الأحكام الجنائية الأجنبية، سواء أكانت اتفاقيات جماعية أم إقليمية، كاتفاقية الرياض العربية وبعض الاتفاقيات الأوروبية، إلى جانب اتفاقيات التعاون القضائي الدولي التي أبرمتها ليبيا مع الدول الأخرى، فهذه الاتفاقيات تُعد مجالا خصباً للبحث والدراسة، بالإضافة إلى نظام روما الأساسي بشأن المحكمة الجنايات الدولية.
ويُعد تنفيذ الأحكام الجنائية الأجنبية من الآثار الإيجابية، حيث إنه الأثر المباشر المترتب عن تلك الأحكام، فالتعاون الدولي في تنفيذها صورة مستقلة وقائمة بذاتها في إطار نطاق أكثر عمومية واتساعاً، وهو التعاون الدولي في مكافحة الجريمة.
إلا أن التمسك بالطابع الوطني لمسألة تنفيذ تلك الأحكام يجعل الدول رافضة لإمكانية تفعيل هذه الآلية من آليات الاعتراف الدولي بالأحكام الجنائية، ولكن تلك الدول لا يمكن أن تبقى في دائرة التقوقع التي رسمتها لنفسها، فلابد أن تتعاون مع بعضها بعضاً لإمكانية مكافحة الإجرام المعُاصر، ومن ثم يتطلب ذلك تحديث التشريعات الجنائية الوطنية حتى تستوعب هذا الشكل من أشكال التعاون الدولي.
 
 
وقد تفاوتت سياسات الدول بين الرافض لآلية تنفيذ الأحكام الجنائية الأجنبية، وبين المنظم لها بوضع شروط وضوابط معينة لتفعيلها، وقد حددنا دراستنا لموقف بعض الاتفاقيات الدولية المعنية بالقوة الإيجابية للأحكام الجنائية الأجنبية، لأنها تشكل منظومة العمل لتفعيل آلية الاعتراف بهذه الأحكام، خاصةً الاتفاقيات المتعددة الأطراف، مع دراسة نظام روما الأساسي، لأنه أفرد لآلية تنفيذ أحكام محكمة الجنايات الدولية الباب العاشر منه، وذلك بتحليل نصوصه هذا الباب، والتساؤل في هذا الشأن عن مدى التزام الدول الأطراف طبقاً لهذا النظام؟ ومن جهة أخرى هل ثمة التزامات على الدول غير الأطراف في هذا النظام المذكور أم لا؟
Administrative activity features of the penal institutions psychological service in working with convicts: problems and ways of improvement
Authors: Nahornyi Viacheslav
Published: December 2023

In connection with the processes of reforming the social and educational system of convicts in Ukraine, the author studies in detail the state of administrative activities of penal institutions (PI). The legislative features of the administrative activity of the psychological service of the Ukrainian Criminal Police Service in working with convicts have been revealed. The indicators of the effectiveness of the correction and resocialization of convicts in Ukraine were analyzed and the staffing standards of the total number of personnel in the section of the PI were calculated. A positive trend to reduce the number of convicts in Ukraine for the period of 2018-2021 by 4 %, a high mortality rate of prisoners, which negatively characterizes administrative activities and social and educational work with convicts, was revealed. In Ukraine, practical social and educational work with convicts takes place exclusively in departments, the convicts for whom an individual program has been drawn up, the staff of the institution, employees of state and non-state organizations involved in working with the convict are responsible. On average, 1 to 2 psychologists work in the PI, regardless of the average number of convicts on the list, with the involvement of other specialists in certain types of PI (educator, methodologist, club head, circle leader, library head). The key problem of the resocialization of convicts has been identified: excessive workload on the staff due to a significant number of convicts and the need for individual work with them. As a result, there is a low culture of correction and resocialization, a low efficiency of resocialization of prisoners, a low level of trust in psychologists, along with a low level of involvement of communities in the rehabilitation of convicts. Thus, in Ukraine, the organizational and administrative activities of the bodies and institutions of the criminal enforcement system in the context of their performance of social functions are not sufficiently effective.

Key words: management activity, heads of penitentiary institutions, administrative activities of personnel, penitentiary service.
Immanent characteristics of bankruptcy proceedings
Authors: Radzyviliuk Valeria
Published: December 2023

In the theoretical works of domestic authors, there is a lack of a unified and generalized understanding of the inherent characteristics of bankruptcy proceedings, which require additional scientific research up to the present time. This is why the definition and comprehensive understanding of the main features of bankruptcy proceedings and insolvency are highly relevant. Only I. O. Vechirko conducted a compendious study of this complex problem. Therefore, there is a significant shortage of research dedicated to this issue in national theory. In the historical past and in the present, both in our country and in foreign countries, there has existed and still exists a variety of perspectives on this issue. Such a situation became the motivating factor for writing this article. In our opinion, among the main inherent characteristics of bankruptcy proceedings and insolvency, the following should be included: the coincidence of creditors; the debtor's liability for the benefit of all creditors in case of insufficient assets; the unity of the subject concerning which creditors' rights collide; the presence of bankruptcy procedures, especially the procedure for restoring the solvency of the debtor; a specific composition of subjects characterized by specific legal subjectivity and its transformation during the proceedings; the performance of various procedural actions within the named proceedings; the uniqueness of methods and means of protecting the rights of participants; the application of specific protective measures; the specificity of the jurisdiction of the commercial court; the staged nature and deadlines of bankruptcy proceedings; material-legal and procedural-legal conditions for initiating bankruptcy proceedings; the objectives of these proceedings; specific legal and social consequences; and the relationship between the application of the norms of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine and the provisions of the Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine, among others. Each of the mentioned characteristics can be the subject of separate research. Therefore, we believe that in this case, we should not talk about a special form of economic justice but about a separate, independent type of judicial proceedings – bankruptcy proceedings. Gradually, procedural relations in bankruptcy should come out of the sphere of regulation by the provisions of the Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine and be regulated only by the provisions of the legislation to the sphere of regulation of which they belong, namely, bankruptcy legislation.

Key words: bankruptcy, bankruptcy proceedings, bankruptcy procedures, debtor, creditors, coincidence of creditors.
Bir Metin İki Kültür: Shakespeare’de Söyleşimci İmgelerin Türk Edebiyat Çoğuldizgesinde Görünürlüğü
Authors: KULELİ Mesut
Published: December 2023

Her toplumun yaşantısı, üretilen yazınsal eserlere yansımaktadır. Bir yazınsal metin, içine doğduğu toplumun edebiyat çoğuldizgesinden başka bir kültürün edebiyat çoğuldizgesine çevrilirken özgün metnin yansıttığı toplumsal yaşantılar yazın çevirmenlerine zorluklar çıkarabilmektedir. Bir metnin kendinden önceki metinlere bir cevap, kendinden sonraki metinlere de yol açıcı bir unsur olduğunu öne süren ve bu ilişkiyi “söyleşimcilik” olarak terimleştiren Bakhtin, bir yazınsal metnin söyleşimci imgelerle örüldüğünü öne sürerken toplumsal yaşantıların da yazınsal metinlerde söyleşimci unsurlar olarak karşımıza çıktığını belirtmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Bakhtin’in söyleşimcilik kavramı ve kuramı temel alınarak Shakespeare’in Romeo and Juliet başlıklı tragedyasını önceleyen metinler ile bu tragedyanın öncelediği sanatsal eserler tartışılarak aynı zamanda bu tragedya bir yazınsal metin olarak ele alınarak yansıttığı toplumsal olgular ve olaylar saptanmıştır. Özgün metinde saptanan söyleşimci toplumsal olgu ve olayları içeren söylemler, metnin dört Türkçe çevirisiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Yanmetinsellik kapsamında çeviri metnin kapağı, çevirmen notları, çevirmen ön sözleri ve son sözleri gibi metni çevreleyen öğeler yoluyla çevirmenin görünürlüğü veya görünmezliği tartışılırken aynı zamanda yazın çevirmenlerinin tikel göstergelerin çevirisindeki görünürlük ve görünmezlik durumları da tartışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan çözümleme ve bulgular ışığında, Shakespeare eserlerinin Türk edebiyat çoğuldizgesinde çeviri eserlerin merkez konuma gelmesiyle birlikte özellikle 1940 yılları sonrası çok sayıda farklı çevirmenlerce Türkçeye kazandırıldığı; özgün metinlerdeki söyleşimci imgelerin çevirisinde yazın çevirmenlerinin görünürlük veya görünmezlik karşıtlıklarından birini yeğlemediği, ancak bir Shakespeare eserinde üretilen toplumsal yaşam temelli söyleşimci imgelerin çevirisinde Shakespeare imgeleminin Türk okuruna tanıtılmasıyla çevirmenlerin görünür olduğu öne sürülebilir.
Feminist Discourse and Its Translation: Macro- Strategies in Fihrist’s Feminist Utopias Series
Authors: GÜLMÜŞ SIRKINTI Halise , CELİK Kubra
Published: December 2023

Starting from the late 18th century, the feminist movement has evolved throughout the world, and literature has a crucial role in its development. Not only the feminist literary works or their translations but also research based on these works help women raise their voices in order to stand against inequalities arising from their gender. With a broad perspective, in this study, feminist translation is not just regarded as a struggle against domination, but it is rethought through feminist strategies and practices applied by the translators and the other agents involved in the translation process. In 2021, the publisher, Fihrist published a series under the title of “Feminist Utopias”. In this series, there are five late 19th-century utopias, which highlight the temporal gap between the source texts and their translation. Within this regard, this study aims to analyze feminist translation macro- strategies in these utopias within Luise von Flotow’s framework. The results of the analysis have shown that Fihrist’s launch of this series aims to introduce Western feminist utopias which present new dimensions by envisioning alternative societies that challenge traditional gender roles and power dynamics to the Turkish reader. The publisher's intention has been strengthened through the strategies employed by the translators, particularly the utilization of footnotes, addressing sexist concepts, and highlighting original feminist discourse.
Longhorn beetles as new pests for exotic plantations in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Duy Long , Chi Nguyen Minh , Loi Vu Van , Danh Duong Ngoc , Vui Nguyen Thi Kim , Hung Pham Tien , Dinh Le Cong , Ha Ngoc Linh , Vitali Francesco
Published: December 2023

Longhorn beetles are important pests in commercial forests and exotic tree plantations worldwide, consequently leading to economic losses for timber producers and plantation owners. Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations have been established widely in Vietnam for reforestation, wood products and paper industry. However, severe infestations of these three exotic trees have occurred due to longhorn beetles. The present study identified Coptops annulipes Gahan, 1894, Anagelasta apicalis Pic, 1925, Desisa subfasciata (Pascoe, 1862), and Cephalallus unicolor (Gahan, 1906) as four new longhorn beetles attacking Acacia crassicarpa in Quang Tri province, Eucalyptus hybrid (E. urophylla × E. grandis) in Bac Giang province, and Pinus caribaea in Quang Tri province, Vietnam. The infestation levels caused by C. annulipes, A. apicalis, D. subfasciata and C. unicolor were 16.8%, 29.5%, 39.2% and 24.3%, respectively. The damage indeces were 0.41, 0.85, 1.16 and 0.71, respectively. A. apicalis damaged at the base, C. annulipes and C. unicolor damaged at the lower trunk of host trees, D. subfasciata infested the top of trees. This information is expected to assist forest owners and government authorities across the country in pest surveillance and in developing suitable management plans for these four emerging pests.
Turist Rehberleri Odalarının ve Turist Rehberleri Vakfının Koronavirüs Salgını Sürecindeki Çevrim İçi Etkinliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KABAKULAK Ali , BOYRAZ Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Turist Rehberleri Odası (TUREB) ve TUREB’e bağlı odalar ile Turist Rehberleri Vakfı (TUREV) tarafından koronavirüs salgını sürecinde turist rehberlerinin mesleki yeterliklerinin artırılmasına yönelik düzenlenen çevrim içi etkinliklerin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi ve ilgili kurumların etkinlik performanslarının değerlendirilmesidir.

Yöntem: Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak doküman-arşiv tarama tekniği kullanılmış ve ikincil veri kaynaklarından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, ilgili odaların ve vakfın tüm resmi çevrimiçi platformlarında yer verilen Mart 2020 - Nisan 2022 arasında düzenledikleri 241 çevrim içi etkinlik oluşturmaktadır. Tespit edilen çevrimiçi etkinliklerin değerlendirilmesinde sıklık ve yüzde analizi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin anlamlaştırılması ve çıktıların somutlaştırılması için veri görselleştirme analizi yapılmış ve bu amaçla interaktif bir yazılım olan Tableau’dan faydalanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma ile Turist Rehberliği Birliği (TUREB) ve TUREB’e bağlı üye odalardan ADRO, GARO ve MUTRO’nun herhangi bir çevrim içi etkinlik düzenlemedikleri; araştırmanın incelendiği zaman aralığında toplamda 241 etkinliğin yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan etkinliklerde en fazla instagram sosyal medya hesaplarının kullanıldığı buna karşın en az twitter’ın tercih edildiği; en fazla etkinliğin 2021 Şubat ayında yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunula birlikte destinasyon bağlamında ülkelere bakıldığında Türkiye üzerine en fazla etkinlik yapılan ülke olmuştur. Ayrıca Türkiye’de en çok İstanbul ve Çanakkale illeri üzerine söyleşiler gerçekleştirildiği belirlenmiştir.
The Control of Defective Products Using the Seven Tools Method to Increase Productivity at PT. Amanah Insanillahiah
Authors: Lubis Fitriani Surayya
Published: December 2023

Air mineral dalam kemasan saat ini sangat mudah dijangkau oleh semua kalangan masyarakat karena harganya yang terjangkau dan diproduksi dengan berbagai ukuran yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan konsumen. Salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi air mineral yaitu PT. Amanah Insanillahiah. Perusahaan yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan ini adalah banyaknya produk cacat yang diakibatkan kerusakan mesin dan kelalaian dalam memeriksa ketika produksi. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan pengendalian kualitas. Alat yang digunakan untuk pengendalian kualitas tersebut adalah QC Seven Tools (Tujuh Alat Pengendalian Kualitas). Seven tools merupakan salah satu metode pengendalian kualitas paling sederhana dan sering digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya yang harus dilakukan dalam mengatasi permasalahan produk cacat menggunakan analisis seven tools.
Analisis Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Menggunakan Metode Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (Hira)
Authors: St. Nova Meirizha  , Elsa Elsa Heliana
Published: December 2023

PT Lutvindo Wijaya Perkasa is a company engaged in the field of general contractor, marketing, service and suppliers. In the asphalt and concrete production process at PT Lutvindo Wijaya Perkasa there are still employees who do not pay attention to work procedures, do not use complete PPE, such as not using project helmets, safety shoes, masks, goggles and ear plugs. So there are still work accidents. Based on the results of work accident interviews that often occur at PT Lutvindo Wijaya Perkasa, namely falls from heights, collisions, hearing loss, slipping, and electric shock. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is one of the methods used to control the risk of work accidents and carry out a risk assessment, which aims to prevent work accidents that can occur. This research was conducted to reduce accidents that can occur at PT Lutvindo Wijaya Perkasa. The results of the study using the HIRA method found 8 findings of potential hazards in the production area of ​​PT Lutvindo Wijaya Perkasa with moderate to extreme levels of risk.
Analisis Pengaruh Komposisi Kimia dan Suhu Perlakuan Panas Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Baja Tahan Karat untuk Aplikasi Konstruksi
Authors: Ade usra Berli  , Desmarita Leni  , Helga Yermadona
Published: December 2023

A deep understanding of the mechanical properties of stainless steel is crucial for designing constructions that meet the requirements. However, to comprehensively understand the mechanical properties of stainless steel, sufficient testing is needed to gather data regarding its characteristics. In this research, an analysis was conducted on the Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel, using data from the Material Algorithm Project (MAP), which is a material database. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation to observe the relationships between these variables. The research results indicate that chemical elements such as Cu and Ni  have a positive correlation with elongation, indicating that higher concentrations of these elements lead to higher elongation of stainless steel. Furthermore, it was also found that temperature has a strong negative correlation with yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), with correlation values of -0.71 and -0.86, respectively. Further analysis revealed that water quenching resulted in better ultimate tensile strength compared to air quenching. This research demonstrates that experimental material testing datasets not only validate experiments but can also actively be used in the analysis and design of more effective materials.
Deteksi Kerusakan Ban Mobil Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network dengan Arsitektur ResNet-34
Authors: Hendri Candra Mayana  , Desmarita Leni
Published: December 2023

The examination of tire damage can be categorized as part of vehicle maintenance with the aim of ensuring the tires are in good condition. Visual inspection using human observation has limitations, making it not always accurate and prone to errors in determining tire roadworthiness. This study designs a machine learning model using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a ResNet-34 architecture to detect car tire damage. The parameters used in training this CNN model include the Adam optimizer, a learning rate of 0.0001, batch size 32, and 50 epochs. In this study, there are two predicted image classes: normal tires and damaged tires. The research results indicate that the CNN model with ResNet-34 architecture can predict both classes very well, as evidenced by the model evaluation results with an accuracy of 0.916, precision of 0.907, recall of 0.927, and an F1 score of 0.917. These results suggest that the CNN model with ResNet-34 architecture can be used as an effective tool for inspecting tire damage.
Potensi Tandan Kosong Sawit sebagai Bahan Bakar Padat: Analisis Degradasi Termal
Authors: Maarasyid Cici , Idayu Ida , Zulfansyah  , Israyandi  , Legawati Lisa , Ermal Dini Aulia Sari , Rawadi Raihan , Olivia Cindy , Fitri Suchy Arum , Aderiani Suci
Published: December 2023

The availability of oil palm empty fruit bunches in Indonesia could be an important source of biomass to be utilized as a solid fuel feedstock. In this work, the thermal behavior and degradation of oil palm emty fruit bunches was investigated with a thermogravimetric analyzer in nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were heated from room temperature to 900 oC at heating rates of 20 oC min-1. The ultimate and proximate analysis revealed that oil palm empty fruit bunches contains high volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content while the caliric value was 17.87 MJ/kg. Thermogravic analysis results indicated thermal degradation of samples occurs in three stages, namely drying and evaporation, active degradation and passive degradation. In addition, active degradation commenced at 148 oC with a peak of degradation temperature of 322.5 oC resulting in 68.32% weight loss.
TRANSFORMATION OF QUALITY AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF MINERAL PHOSPHATES IN LIGHT CHESTNUT SOIL DURING LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZERS IN CROP RATOTAION AND PERMENANT SUGAR BEET SOWING
Authors: Alimbekova Balnur , Malimbayeva Alma , Balgabaev Alimbai , KARAYEVA KARLYGA , Shibikeeva Aigerim
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of long-term application of phosphoric fertilizers on sugar beet crops unchallenged for more than 50 years on the transformation of phosphate forms on light chestnut soil and its productivity in comparison with the identical options in the rotation.

Despite the large amount of practical material, the effect of the duration of application of phosphorus fertilizers on irrigated soils in Kazakhstan has not been sufficiently studied. The available isolated data on the influence of the duration of fertilizer application relate to the aspect of assessing their impact on the yield and quality of the crop and, partly, on the phosphate regime of soils. Most of the studies were carried out within the framework of short-term field experiments, which are designed, first of all, to establish specific doses of fertilizers on the productivity of agricultural crops. These field studies were carried out on a fairly narrow background and time frame of variation in soil fertility characteristics, which did not allow us to establish the qualitative and quantitative composition of phosphates and their functional relationship between the level of potential and effective fertility.
Organization of Remote Rehabilitation in the Russian Federation: a Literature Review
Authors: Sheiko Gennadii E. , Belova Anna N. , Karyakin Nikolaj N. , Daminov Vadim D. , Shabanova Mariya A. , Ananyev Roman D. , Sushin Vilyam O. , Vorobyova Olga V.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. The interruption of the recovery process and the absence of patients’ activities at home after discharge from a medical institution leads to the loss of results achieved at various stages of medical rehabilitation. In this regard, the remote (telemedicine) form of rehabilitation assistance is of particular importance.
AIM. To present up-to-date data on the legal and regulatory framework for telemedicine in the Russian Federation, as well as an overview of domestic Internet platforms in the field of remote medical rehabilitation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The search for normative legal acts was carried out on the “The official Internet portal of Legal Information” (www.pravo.gov.ru). The literature review was performed using the databases eLibrary, Cyberleninka, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (Core Collection) and Google Scholar by July 31, 2023 for the following keywords: telemedicine, remote physical rehabilitation, medical rehabilitation, functional recovery.
RESULTS. The article elaborates on the legal and regulatory framework of telemedicine in the Russian Federation, provides a list of domestic Internet portals that are now being employed to provide remote medical care.
CONCLUSION. The remote form of arranging rehabilitation is supported by the regulatory and legal framework and has promising outlooks for development due to the advent of new information technologies that allow for active communication between a medical worker and a patient. Nevertheless, the issues of effectiveness and safety of remote physical rehabilitation remain insufficiently studied, therefore, it is necessary to conduct randomized comparative studies analyzing long-term results.
Reducing Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: a Review of Effective and Safe Pharmacological Therapy Providing Adherence to Treatment
Authors: Marchenkova Larisa A.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) accounts for up to 85 % of all cases of osteoporosis, complications of which — pathological fractures — lead to a decrease in quality of life and functionality, pain, severe psycho-emotional disorders, loss of ability to self-care, disability and an increased risk of death. Timely prescribed pathogenetic therapy for osteoporosis, including in patients undergoing medical rehabilitation, helps reduce the risk of developing osteoporotic fractures and prevent complications associated with them.
MAIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. The literature review analyzes 5 domestic and 47 foreign literary sources, on the basis of which a description of modern methods of treating PMO is made in order to reduce the risk of developing pathological fractures. Poor patient adherence to osteoporosis therapy is associated with low effectiveness of PMО treatment and an increased financial burden on the healthcare system — increased hospitalization rates and treatment costs. The infrequent dosing frequency and good tolerability of therapy help to increase adherence to oral supplements.
CONCLUSION. The review focused on the effectiveness and safety of the oral bisphosphonate ibandronic acid 150 mg once a month, the administration of which to women with PMO demonstrated good tolerability, ease of use and high efficiency, both in reducing the risk of fractures and in increasing bone mineral density, including long-term treatment periods — 5 years.
Methods for Diagnosing and Predicting Diaphragm Dysfunction in the Recovery Period of a Stroke: a Narrative Review
Authors: Melnikova Ekaterina A. , Starkova Elena Yu. , Vladimirova Nadezhda N. , Tsvetkova Evgeniya M. , Litau Vladislav Yu.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. Diaphragm is not only the main human respiratory muscle, it also plays an important role in maintaining intra-abdominal pressure, balance, upper limb motor function, swallowing and speech. In patients with cerebral stroke, the function of the diaphragm can be impaired on the side of hemiparesis in more than half of the cases and may negatively affect the entire recovery process. Moderate clinical manifestations of unilateral diaphragm dysfunction require special examination methods for diagnosis and planning of appropriate rehabilitation measures.
AIM. To analyze the predictors and compare of methods for diagnosing diaphragm dysfunction in patients with hemiparesis during the recovery period of stroke to improve the quality of the rehabilitation diagnosis and the effectiveness of further rehabilitation process.
DISCUSSION. An analysis of publications over the past five years was done. Anatomical and physiological aspects of the diaphragm are identified, and a comparison of manual and instrumental methods for the diaphragm function evaluation are presented. An assessment of diagnostic methods is given in terms of accuracy, accessibility and possibility of use for dynamic monitoring of patients. The main values of normal indicators of diaphragm function and their level in case of unilateral dysfunction are presented. Predictors of diaphragm dysfunction in patients with hemiparesis as a result of stroke are identified.
CONCLUSION. Timely diagnosis of diaphragm dysfunction will ensure the appropriate rehabilitation goal setting during the recovery period of a stroke and will help to optimize the interventions and increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation process. The information is addressed primarily to specialists working in rehabilitation. The search was carried out using the Pubmed and RSCI databases.
Transcranial Magnetic and Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulation a Stroke-Patients Walking Correction: Blinded Clinical Randomised Study
Authors: Ananyev Sergey S. , Pavlov Denis A. , Yakupov Rafail N. , Golodnova Valentina A. , Balykin Mikhail V.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. The impairment of motor system function due to stroke often leads to patients’ dependence on external assistance. The technique of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is now widely used in the restoration of impaired central nervous system (CNS) function. In recent years, there has been information about the use of transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) in the correction of motor functions in CNS disorders of various genesis.
AIM. To evaluate the possibilities of combined use of transcranial magnetic and transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in the correction of locomotor functions in patients after ischemic stroke.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The conducted blind clinical randomized study involved patients who had an ischemic stroke. Study participants were randomly divided into control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 9) groups. Patients in the control group received standardized neurorehabilitation techniques. The participants of the experimental group were offered standardized neurorehabilitation techniques combined with rTMS and TSCS. High-frequency rTMS was performed in the projection of the sensory-motor cortex on the side of the lesion, in the area of innervation of the lower limb. During TSCS, a stimulating electrode was placed between Th11–Th12, indifferent electrodes were placed in the region of the iliac crests, and the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was stimulated. The dynamics of neurological deficit was assessed using the rehabilitation routing scale, the Rivermead mobility index, the Berg balance scale, and a six-point scale for assessing muscle strength. The excitability of the neural networks of the spinal cord was determined using TSCS at the T11–T12 level, with electromyographic recording of the evoked motor responses of the muscles of the lower extremities.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The combined use of rTMS and TSCS in the rehabilitation of patients in the acute period after ischemic stroke leads to an increase in the excitability of neuronal networks of the lumbar thickening of the spinal cord, a decrease in the activation thresholds of the RF, BF, TA and GM muscles of the affected limb (by 7.7 ma, 18.3 ma, 24.8 ma and 14.2 ma, respectively). Inclusion of rTMS and TSCS in the rehabilitation course leads to a significant improvement in the rehabilitation routing scale (by 2 points), Rivermead mobility index (by 5.8 points), statokinetic control functions (balance-Berg by 12 points) and an increase in lower limb muscle strength (flexors by 5.1 points, extensors by 6.2 points).
CONCLUSION. The use of rTMS and TSCS can be used as an additional effect within the framework of rehabilitation measures in the acute period after ischemic stroke.
Mathematical Modeling of the Risks of Stress-Related Diseases: a Review
Authors: Terehov Andrew S. , Yakovlev Maxim Yu.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. Stress is one of the risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, mental disorders, and neurotic conditions like depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to predict and correct stress-related problems early.
AIM. To assess the impact of stress on the human body, a comprehensive review of both Russian and international sources was conducted across databases like PubMed, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka for the period 2011–2023. The search terms used included “stress effect”, “predictive model”, “mathematical modeling”, “stress”, “mathematical model”, and “stress-related diseases”.
CONCLUSION. The literature review has revealed that chronic stress exerts a significant negative impact on the human body, verifiably leading to disorders of the digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems. At the current stage, stress diagnosis is conducted using both questionnaire methods and instrumental techniques, each having its respective advantages and limitations. Several scientific studies emphasize the importance of mathematical modeling as a tool for simulating the effects of stress on the body and analyzing the key mechanisms predisposing to the development of pathologies. The algorithms for constructing predictive models presented in this publication may serve as a foundation for the development of an automated expert advisory system.
Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients after Ischemic Stroke: a Prospective Study
Authors: Lebedeva Dzhinna I. , Turovinina Elena F. , Desyatova Irina E. , Erokhin Alexander N. , Khasanova Liana T.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. Despite the fact that a large number of studies are focused on the rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke in the early recovery period, currently, much attention is paid to improving existing and developing new technologies in neurorehabilitation at the early stages of the disease. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising technology for the rehabilitation and recovery of patients with movement disorders after a stroke, which has a direct effect on the premotor cortex of the brain.
AIM. To assess the effectiveness of TMS in relation to daily activity in a comprehensive medical rehabilitation program in patients with ischemic stroke in the early recovery period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 124 patients aged 55–75 years (53.2 % men and 46.8 % women). The main group included 64 people who received the TMS procedure. The comparison group included 60 patients who received an identical course of treatment, but instead of TMS, they underwent a low-intensity headband magnetic therapy. Treatment effectiveness was assessed using the Rivermead Mobility Index, Rehabilitation Routing Scales, and NIHSS. The severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assessed using the HADS scale. The total duration of treatment was 21 days. The dynamics of the patients’ condition was assessed before the start of treatment, 21 days after the course of rehabilitation and 3 months after the start of treatment.
RESULTS. The main group showed a significant decrease in neurological deficit according to the NIHSS scale from 15.3 ± 3.6 to 10.1 ± 1.7 (p 0.05), Rivermead Mobility Index decreased from 5.6 ± 1.9 to 10.5 ± 2.4 (p 0.05) and Rehabilitation Routing Scale decreased from 4.3 ± 0.8 to 2.5 ± 0.5 points (p 0.05) since the start of rehabilitation and 3 months after its start. After 3 months, the neurological deficit in the main group was statistically significantly less compared to patients in the comparison group (p 0.5). A significant decrease in depressive symptoms was found in the main group (χ2 = 28.641; p 0.001), while in the control group the dynamics was not significant (χ2 = 7.140; p = 0.129); in addition, there was a regression of the anxiety component both in the main (χ2 = 47.949; p 0.001) and control (χ2 = 12.483; p = 0.015) groups.
CONCLUSION. The use of the TMS device at the second stage of rehabilitation significantly reduces the neurological deficit, increases the mobility of patients, and reduces the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Quality of Life Estimate of Patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Distal Polyneuropathy after High-Intensity Pulsed Magnetic Therapy: a Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Kulikova Natalya G. , Fesyun Anatoliy D. , Konchugova Tatiana V. , Kulchitskaya Detelina B. , Yurova Olga V. , Kudryavtsev Alexey Е.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. The development of peripheral polyneuropathy in cancer patients after chemotherapy has a high prevalence and represents an important medical and social problem. Currently, a number of physiotherapeutic methods are used to treat peripheral polyneuropathy induced by chemotherapy (PPIC).
AIM. To study clinical efficacy of high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy in patients with PPIC according to indicative quality of life indicators.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. 90 patients with PPIC were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 57.3 ± 5.3 years. Two groups were formed by randomization method: control group patients (n = 45) received standard drug therapy; main group patients (n = 45) received 10 high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy (HIPMT) procedures every other day against the background of standard therapy. We analyzed clinical complaints, pain syndrome according to VAS, EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 scale scores, and quality of life indicators according to SF-36 questionnaire in patients with PPIC on day 20 after the start of clinical intervention.
RESULTS. After the conducted course of high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy there was a significant increase in the cohort of patients with a lower degree of severity of PPIC, the proportion of patients with PPIC belonging to subgroups 0–1 degree of severity increased by 6.6 % (p 0.01). Initial limb pain syndrome according to the VAS system in patients with PPIC in the main group decreased from 6.8 ± 1.2 to 2.4 ± 0.8 points (p 0.05). In the control group VAS changed from 7.0 ± 1.1 to 6.3 ± 0.9 scores (p 0.05), which was not statistically significant. It was found that inclusion of high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy in the treatment program allows for more significant positive changes in sensory, motor and autonomous-vegetative manifestations of PPIC. According to the SF-36 scale, statistically significant differences were found in relation to physical functioning in patients of the main group. There was also an improvement in the indicators reflecting the social components of the quality of life in patients who received the course effect of (HIPMT) from 61 [58.6; 64.4] points to 66 [59.7; 70.0] points by 8.2 % (p 0.05). Psychological health in the main group improved by 17.02 % (p 0.01). In the control group, there were no significant shifts on any of the scales (p 0.05).
CONCLUSION. The use of the high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy procedures proved to be highly effective in correcting the main indicators of the quality of life of patients with PPIС.
Drinking Sulphate Mineral Water Action Mechanisms at Primary Preventive and Therapeutic Application under Experimental Stress: a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Korolev Yury N. , Mikhailik Lyubov V. , Nikulina Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. Earlier in experimental studies, it was established that sulfate mineral drinking water (MB) under stress causes adaptation effects depending on the mode of its use — during primary prevention or treatment. The question of the role of different modes of drinking mineral water application in the formation of adaptation mechanisms remains unclear.
AIM. To conduct a comparative analysis of the effect of sulfate MW in primary preventive and therapeutic application on the development of adaptive metabolic and ultrastructural reactions in rats in the early post-stress period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The experiments were carried out on 54 white nonlinear male rats. Acute immobilization stress was modeled using the Selye method. All animals were divided into 5 groups: the 1st experimental group — the primary preventive effect of drinking sulfate MV; the 2nd experimental group — the therapeutic effect of drinking sulfate MV; the 3rd and 4th groups — controls; the 5th group — intact animals. Drinking sulfate MW (concentration of sulfate ions 1.93 g/l, mineralization 3.05 g/l) was administered intragastrically by 3 ml, a total of 18 procedures. Objects of research: liver and testes. Research methods: biochemical, light-optical, morphometric, electron microscopic. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed using the Student’s criterion.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It was found that the most pronounced development of adaptive-protective reactions (increased activity of the antioxidant system, increased protein synthesis, activation of intracellular regeneration processes) was observed with the action of MW in the primary prevention mode. At the same time, there was the formation of more powerful adaptation mechanisms associated with the additional accumulation of structural and metabolic resources that limit the development of maladaptation and pathological processes. With the therapeutic use of MW, due to post-stress disorders of the mechanisms of regulation, the processes of adaptation and compensation were weaker.
CONCLUSION. The results reveal some features of the mechanism of action of drinking sulfate MW on the development of compensatory and adaptive processes and indicate the need for a differentiated approach in the use of drinking MW to increase their effectiveness in the comprehensive prevention and treatment of the body from the damaging effects of various stress factors.
GC-MS analysis of petroleum ether extract of Notothylas indica Kashyap for detecting compounds with antifeedant properties
Authors: Mathew Meenu , Mathew Abraham
Published: December 2023

Bryophytes are remarkable group of terrestrial plants that have several adaptations against biotic and abiotic stresses. They are a hoard of metabolites that provide protection against microbes and herbivores. Mostly bryophytes remain untouched by insect larvae as evident from the intact thallus. This can be attributed to the antifeedant compounds present in bryophytes. The current study aims at elucidating the various volatile compounds present in the petroleum ether extract of Notothylas indica and to determine the possible compounds that provide antifeedant properties. Altogether 154 compounds have been detected by GC MS analysis. 25 compounds showed a similarity of above 80 % with the NIST library and hence are evaluated for possible antifeedant activities. Insect/larval deterrent activity in  N. indica may be due to compounds like 2-ethylnaphthalene, caryophyllene, phytol, beta-ionine, tridecane, undecane, tridecene. Since diverse chemicals are present in the extract with potential novelties, there are probabilities of more antifeedant compounds. Segregation and characterization of these chemicals can pave way for documentation of novel chemicals that can be used as antifeedants, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides in controlling pest.