bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bipolar Electrode as Means of Synergetic Control Strategy Realization for Electrochemical Working of Parts
Authors: Vyacheslavova O F , Potapov V N
Published: April 2022

The electrochemical machining (ECM) is based on the various simultaneous interacting processes: chemical, thermal, electrical ones, masstransfer processes and others. The application of principles of synergetics allowed coordinating the process control on the basis of order parameter of anode current density related to with the hygrodynamics and composition of the electrolyte, electrode voltage and others properties of ECM . The realization of synergetics principles is carried out on the basis of use of bipolar electrode, which functions as the self-controlled mechanism.
Computer Simulation of Robotic Assembly Method Based on a Passive Adaptation Using Vibration
Authors: Vartanov M V , Bozhkova L V , Kolchugin E I
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the results of modeling of the assembly process of cylindrical parts on the basis of low-frequency vibrations vibratory bearing with basic part and elastic fixing of the installed components. With the use of developed software the influence of technological regimes and the design parameters of gripper (in particular, the rigidity of fastening parts) was determined.
Influence of Occilations in Sectional Shape of Non-rigid Parts Quill Cylinder Type on the Cutting Force in the Process of Combined Machining and Surface Plastic Deformation
Authors: Maximov Y V , Ankin A V , Vetrova E A
Published: April 2022

The crosscutting strength leads to deformation of the part cross-sectional view while being combined machining of non-rigid smooth hollow cylinder parts. But the deformation magnitude is so small that it can be neglected in further calculations.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Damping Material
Authors: Tipalin S A , Shpunkin N F , Nikitin M Y , Tipalina A V
Published: April 2022

The paper presents research of deformation features of a multilayered material with resilient and elastic connective layer. Data on comparison of hardening curves with various geometrical parameters of the sample are obtained. Particularities of shear of connecting layer are revealed. The paper makes emphasis on major influence of deformation speed on power characteristics of shear process.
End Flexures of Circular Cylindrical Shells before Stability Loss under Uniform External Pressure
Authors: Matveyev E A , Frolov A B
Published: April 2022

To describe the axisymmetric deformation of circular cylindrical shell under uniform transversal pressure or in the condition of uniform compression the Marherr equation is used. The paper examines the bedding-in of the shell at the support contours at the condition of free axial displacement or without it. For the given boundary problems the analytical solutions in primitive functions is obtained and the main loading line of the shell is drown up.
Analysis of Mechanics of the Process of Cutting Hardened Material. Chip formation
Authors: Olenin L D
Published: April 2022

The works states results of the chip formation mechanics analysis, which considered as a combination of two continuously going actions: chip formation and plastic forming of a subsurface layer; the deformed material is considered as a mechanical system with several degrees of freedom. Proposed is a common velocity vector diagram for chip formation with forming of a subsurface layer, obtained are physical equations for the forecast of chip escape velocity and deformation, pressure and force on tool surface with angled major cutting edge.
Application of luminescent materials for road signs and road markings
Authors: Nurmuhametov R N , Volkova L V , Kunavin N I , Klimenko V G
Published: April 2022

The composite materials based on polyepoxy containing various luminophors are obtained. Such compositions exceed in brightness the polymer marking materials with bloomless ingridience at the expense of the energy transformation of ultraviolet and short-wave visible radiation in the long-wavelength (green-yellow or red) glow. The paper shows the prospects of application of composite materials for fluorescent composite materials for highways markings and road signs.
Modeling of Dynamics of Vehicles Manual Transmissions System with Frictional Clutch
Authors: Selifonov V V , Nguyen Khac Tuan
Published: April 2022

The paper presents a method modeling of dynamics of manual automotive transmissions, taking into account two phases of slip and stick of frictional clutch.
Technological Quality Assurance of Assembling
Authors: Medar A V
Published: April 2022

The paper offers the concept of system examination of product-technology-equipment precision interaction. This concept is intended to develop a general methodology of technological object creation. It includes the sections of precision analysis of output accuracy parameter configuration for assembly and technological process and assembly equipment synthesis.
Automatic Control of Hybrid Transmission of an All-Wheel Drive Vehicle
Authors: Prediger V , Hoffmann J , Trentmann V , Kostilev S , Lohmann E , Selifonov V V , Karpukhin K E , Baulina E E
Published: April 2022

The present article describes the bases of automatic control by an internal combustion engine and reversible hybrid drive under work in mode of traction electric motor and generator of the all-wheel drive, multi-purpose car with parallel hybrid drive on an example of a UAZ 3153 car equipped with hybrid power instalation.
Application of nano-sized powders of carbon and chromium on the processes of charge preparation and compaction of powder steels
Authors: Eremeeva Zh V , Nitkin N M , Sharipzyanova G Kh
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the characteristics of nano-sized powders of carbon and chromium on the processes of charge preparation and compaction of powder steels.
SYSTEMS OF VEHICLE ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY WITH INTELLECTUAL ALGORITHMS PROVIDING INCREASE OF ECOLOGICAL AND POWER INDICATORS
Authors: Chernov A E , Akimov A V
Published: April 2022

The article examines the intellectual systems of electrical supply of the vehicles, using optimal algorithms of operation providing decrease of engine exhaust gases toxicity and fuel consumption by the engine for generator drive, stability of onboard network voltage and specified charging state of the battery. There is given the classification of intellectual adaptive systems of electrical supply depending on solved problems. The authors present the examples of the algorithms reducing emissions into the atmosphere and vehicle fuel consumption.
Manufacturing of Round and Square Hot-rolled Bars of Nickel and Titanic Alloy on the Rolling Mill 280 - 380
Authors: Burlakov I A
Published: April 2022

The rolling process of titanium and nickel alloy-based round and hexagonal rods using the «280-380» mill is considered. The technical specification of the rolling mill and straitening machine is given. The paper considers power data calculation which is important for forming tool correction. The above mentioned equipment makes possible to roll the rods of required shape and provide high mechanical properties of rolled materials.
Disc gear cutter assemblies and coarse-grained gears machining process on CNC
Authors: Ott O S
Published: April 2022

The authors proposed the technology of processing of coarse-grained gears for multi-axis CNC equipment. The article examines the potential of the modular disk tool with straight cutting edges for finish machining of involute tooth profiles.
Mathematical Modeling of Cyclic Deformation
Authors: Temis Yu M , Azmetov Kh Kh
Published: April 2022

Based on the behavior of structural materials under cyclic elastic-plastic deformation and low cycle fatigue life assessment the authors established a system of mathematical modeling of cyclic loading of structures using finite elements. The paper considers the examples of solutions of test problems and real structures.
Automatic assessment of condition of cutting tools on multipurpose machining centers
Authors: Timiryazev V A , Khostikoev M Z
Published: April 2022

The article considers the problems of evaluation of operability of cutting tools, used for multipurpose machining centers. The use of such systems allows to make automatic replacement of the cutting tool in proper time, ensuring the implementation of an automatic cycle of the machine.
The Problem of Classification of Political Consultants in Modern Russia
Authors: Dmitriev A E , Zhuravleva L V , Fedorchenko S N
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the institute of contemporary Russian political consultants. The authors examined types of political consulting and proposed their own classification of political consultants in Russia. The special relevance of the work lies in the fact that the authors analyzed the problem through the prism of poorly studied phenomenon of political consumerism.
Distributed Implementation of Model-based Methods on Large-scale Systems
Authors:   , Samandari Masooleh Leila , Soroush Masoud
Published: April 2022

The considerable advances in information and communication technologies in the past two decades have made possible the immediate transfer of information across the globe. These advances, together with the global competition for higher-quality chemical products at lower costs, require process automation tools that can quickly and effectively compensate for sudden global changes. To address this challenge, improved automation systems are needed to ensure the safe and optimal operation of the processes. As chemical processes are typically highly nonlinear and have increasingly more integrated subsystems with strong material and energy interactions, the automation systems should account for the interactions to be robust and effective and should be computationally efficient. Motivated by these needs, this dissertation focuses on developing methods that address the challenges associated with the implementation of model-based methods like model predictive safety (MPS) and model predictive control, on large-scale, highly integrated chemical processes. First, an efficient decomposition approach based on community detection is introduced to optimally divide large-scale process systems into smaller subsystems. The proposed algorithm detects all potential community structures in a weighted network by solving a multi-objective optimization problem using the whale optimization algorithm. Second, the problem of large-scale robust state-estimate prediction is studied to predict the present and future values of state estimate at every time instant in large-scale processes. An efficient algorithm that systematically identifies subsystems is developed for the distributed implementation of the state predictor. This algorithm allows for the use of computers with parallel processes to further improve its computational efficiency. Third, the problem of state prediction in multi-unit processes with multi-rate and delayed measurements is studied. Fourth, to solve the min-max optimization problems of MPS, a nested particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed. Computational efficiency and quick convergence are attractive features of the PSO algorithm. The applicability and effectiveness of the methods and algorithms are illustrated using chemical process examples.
Determination of Crop Evapotranspiration and Single Crop Coefficients of Maize Using by a Weighing Lysimeter in Mediterranean Region in Turkey
Authors: KOÇ Deniz Levent , ÜNLÜ Mustafa , NUR Arife , KANBER Rıza
Published: April 2022

Today, accurate irrigation approaches are of great importance due to climate change and a decrease in water resources. FAO methodology based on reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and crop coefficients (Kc) are commonly used worldwide to determine crop water requirements (ETc). Kc values of different plants for different areas can be taken from FAO-56 and FAO-24. However, crop coefficients must be determined or calibrated for every relevant region because the climate conditions in the field and surrounding conditions may not be similar to the standard conditions. For this purpose, what crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficients would be in the case of timely (first crop) and late sowing (second crop) of maize were investigated in this study in Adana where the Mediterranean climate characteristics are prevalent during 2012 and 2013 years. A weighing lysimeter was used to obtain ETc and Kc of maize. ET0 was calculated using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM56) method. The results showed that the duration of initial, development, mid-season, and end-season growth stages for first crop maize was 22, 26, 43, and 37 days totaling 128 days, and for second crop maize, it was 14, 24, 42, and 38 days totaling 118 days. The ETc value of the second crop maize was 14% higher than that value of the first crop maize. The mean Kc values were 0.74, 0.92, 1.63, and 0.42 at the initial, development, mid-season, and end-season growth stages for the first crop maize, whereas they were determined as 0.46, 0.89, 1.68, and 0.92, respectively for the second crop maize.
Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Fauna of Amasya and Samsun Provinces, with Two New Records for Turkey
Authors: GÖRMEZ Vedat , KÜTÜK Murat
Published: April 2022

In this study, the fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna of Amasya and Samsun Provinces were determined by adult fruit fly specimens collected from host plants in spring and summer between 2015 and 2018. The specimens were collected from host plants with sweeping nets, and killed in ethyl acetate jars. The collected materials were examined as morphological and the species were diagnosed under a stereo microscope. Fifty-six species and 21 genera belonging to five subfamilies were determined for the fruit fly fauna of Amasya and Samsun Provinces. The genera Anomoia Walker and Philophylla Rondani as well as the species Anomoia purmunda (Harris) and Philophylla caesio (Harris) are recorded for the first time for the fauna of Turkey. Material examined and wing photographs belonging to all the species determined in research region are given. In addition to adult body and aculeus figures, their host plants and zoogeographic distribution of the new record species are presented for the fauna of Turkey.
Akkaraman Kuzularda Cinsiyete Göre Büyüme Eğrilerinin Farklı Yöntemlerle Modellenmesi: Logistik ve Gompertz Modelleme Örneği
Authors: KOZAKLI Özge , CEYHAN Ayhan , FIRAT Mehmet Ziya
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Ayhan Şahenk Tarımsal Araştırmalar Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezinde yetiştirilen Akkaraman ırkı kuzulara ait doğumdan itibaren ayda bir yapılan canlı ağrılık tartımları analiz edilmiştir. Büyüme eğrisi modellerinden Logistik ve Gompertz büyüme modelleri, En Küçük Kareler (EKK), Maximum Olabilirlik ve Bayesci yöntemleri kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Frekanscı yöntemlerden EKK ve Maximum Olabilirlik yöntemleri kendi aralarında AIC, AICC ve BIC değerleri ile karşılaştırılarak her iki cinsiyet için de en iyi modelin EKK Gompertz modeli olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Bayesci yöntem için EKK tahmin bilgileri önsel olarak kullanılmıştır. Bayesci yöntem ile tahmin edilen modeller DIC değerlerine göre kıyaslanarak iki cinsiyet için de Gompertz modeli seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Gompertz Modelinin erkek Akkaraman kuzuları için parametre nokta tahminleri: β_0=86.296, β_1=2.778, β_2=0.014; dişi Akkaraman kuzuları için parametre nokta değerleri; β_0=54.784 β_1=2.453, β_2=0.014 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Ayrıca Bayesci yaklaşım ile model parametrelerine ait dağılımlar Markov Zinciri Monte Carlo (MCMC) yöntemi ile tahmin edilerek erkek Akkaraman kuzulara ait ergin canlı ağırlığın dişi Akkaraman kuzularından daha yüksek olduğuna karar verilmiştir.
A Sturdy Sapling in the Trans-Appalachian West: The Origins and Development of the Holmes County Amish Community, 1809–1846
Authors: Yoder Marcus
Published: April 2022

For five states carved out of the Northwest Territories, the first half of the nineteenth century was a frontier era, replete with the first European settlers and the development of the first towns. As with any historical narrative, it is necessary to "reach" on either side of that era to provide context to the era in question. It is with this chronological connection in mind that the earliest history of what is known today as the Greater Holmes County Amish settlement is examined, specifically the arrival and growth of the Amish in the Walnut Creek area on the east side of Holmes County. The theme of this article is the "chain of migration" that describes the trans-Appalachian migration of the Amish into the Ohio country. The links in this chain include the kinship and familial connections, coupled with information and encouragement that bridged the divisions brought about by families and individuals moving from Pennsylvania into Ohio. The consequence of these linkages was the redevelopment of a common ecological space that was sustainable and viable, and it is these networks that defined the initial shape of the settlement itself during its early development in and around Walnut Creek. In turn, these early settlement patterns still influence the social and cultural makeup of the Greater Holmes County Amish settlement today.
Hidden systolic dysfunction of the right ventricle in patients with increased pulmonary vascular resistance 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Shirokov N. E. , Yaroslavskaya E. I. , Krinochkin D. V. , Osokina N. A.
Published: April 2022

Aim      To study the relationship of echocardiographic right ventricular (RV) structural and functional parameters and indexes of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia.

Material and methods  This cross-sectional, observational study included 96 patients aged 46.7±15.2 years. The inclusion criteria were documented diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pneumonia and patient’s willing to participate in the observation. Patients were examined upon hospitalization and during the control visit (at 3 months after discharge from the hospital). Images and video loops were processed, including the assessment of myocardial longitudinal strain (LS) by speckle tracking, according to the effective guidelines. The equation [tricuspid regurgitation velocity/ time-velocity integral of the RV outflow tract × 10 + 0.16] was used to determine PRV. Patients were divided into group 1 (n=31) with increased PRV ≥1.5 Wood units and group 2 (n=65) with PRV <1.5 Wood units.

Results At baseline, groups did not differ in main clinical functional characteristics, including severity of lung damage by computed tomography (32.7±22.1 and 36.5±20.4 %, respectively. р=0.418). Echocardiographic linear, planimetric and volumetric parameters did not significantly differ between the groups. In group 1 at the control visit, endocardial LS of the RV free wall (FW) (–19.3 [–17.9; –25.8] %) was significantly lower (р=0.048) than in group 2 (–23.4 [–19.8; –27.8] %), and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) according to C. Otto (32.0 [26.0; 35.0] mm Hg and 23.0 [20.0; 28.0] mm Hg) was significantly higher than in group 2 (р<0.001). According to the logistic regression, only endocardial RV FW LS (odds ratio, OR, 0.859; 95 % confidence interval, CI, 0.746–0.989; р=0.034) and sPAP (OR, 1.248; 95 % CI, 1.108–1405; р<0.001) were independently related with the increase in PVR. Spearman correlation analysis detected a moderate relationship between PVR and mean PAP according to G. Mahan (r=0.516; p=0.003) and between PVR and the index of right heart chamber functional coupling with the PA system (r=–0.509; p=0.007) in group 1 at the control visit.

Conclusion      In patients 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia, hidden RV systolic dysfunction defined as depressed endocardial RV FW LS to -19.3% is associated with increased PVR ≥1.5 Wood units.
Frailty syndrome as an independent predictor of adverse prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Krivoshapova K. E. , Vegner E. A. , Barbarash Olga L.
Published: April 2022

This review presents results of clinical studies of senile asthenia (“fragility”) syndrome and chronic heart failure (CHF). Recent reports of the “fragility” prevalence in patients with CHF are described. The review presents specific features of pathophysiological pathways underlying the development of both senile asthenia syndrome and CHF; the role of “fragility” in the progression and complications of CHF is addressed. Senile asthenia syndrome associated with CHF is regarded as an independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis and high mortality in this patient category. The authors concluded that methods for “fragility” evaluation in CHF patients followed by risk stratification and selection of individual management tactics should be implemented in clinical practice.
The frequency of atrial infarction in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Bocharov A. V. , Popov L. V. , Lagkuev M. D.
Published: April 2022

Aim      To evaluate the incidence of atrial infarction (AI) based on a retrospective review of 287 case reports of patients with supraventricular arrhythmia and a positive qualitative test for troponin I after pharmacological arrest of arrhythmia; to determine the target localization of lesions and diagnostic signs, that appear in acute ischemic atrial damage, by selective coronary angiography (CA).

Material and methods  A retrospective review was performed of 287 case reports of patients admitted to cardiology departments for atrial fibrillation paroxysm with narrow QRS complexes on electrocardiogram (ECG) from 2018 through 2020. At the prehospital stage, verapamil had been administered intravenously with no effect. In the hospital, the sinus rhythm was successfully restored pharmacologically in all patients. Then ECG, repeated qualitative determination of troponin I, echocardiography, and CA were performed.

Results 77 (27 %) patients of the study group had AI signs; 27 (9.5 %) of these patients had confirmed AI, and 50 (17.5 %) patients had probable AI. The existence of acute ischemic injury was considered absolutely confirmed in the presence of a combination of ECG changes, positive markers of myocardial damage, and reduced blood flow velocity in the left atrial branch of the sinoatrial nodal artery as shown by CA; in the presence of only ECG and biochemical criteria, acute AI was considered probable. According to selective CA, coronary injuries requiring an intervention were absent, and signs of the above-mentioned artery thrombosis were not visualized. However, the blood flow velocity was reduced to the TIMI II level in 9.5 % of cases; other atrial branches had an extremely small diameter.

Conclusion      Atrial infarction needs to be excluded for patients with supraventricular arrhythmias, a characteristic clinical picture, and increased levels of myocardial injury enzymes.
Normalisation of diabetic heart pump function at decreased functional load
Authors: Lakomkin V. L. , Abramov A. A. , Lukoshkova E. V. , Studneva I. M. , Prosvirin A. V. , Kapelko V. I.
Published: April 2022

Aim      To study left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics in presence of decreased blood inflow to the heart as well as changes in myocardial content of energy metabolites in diabetic rats.

Material and methods  Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by impaired heart contractility and by transition of cardiomyocyte energy metabolism fatty acids exclusively as a source of energy. This reduces the efficiency of energy utilization and increases the heart vulnerability to hypoxia. This study was performed on rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The LV pump function was studied with a catheter that allows simultaneous measurement of LV pressure and volume in each cardiac cycle.

Results Blood glucose was approximately sixfold increased at 2 weeks. Heart failure was detected with decreases in ejection fraction by 27%, minute volume by 39%, and stroke work by 41%. Systolic dysfunction was based on a decrease in LV peak ejection velocity by more than 50%. Furthermore, the LV developed pressure and contractility index were within the normal range, while 1.5 times increased arterial stiffness was the factor that hampered ejection. The sum of adenine nucleotides was decreased by 21%, the ATP content was decreased by 29%, and also creatine phosphate formation was reduced in the myocardium of diabetic rats. Lactate content in the diabetic myocardium was increased almost threefold, which indicated mobilization of aerobic glycolysis. With the reduced preload, equal diastolic volume (0.3 ml), and equal blood pressure (60 mm Hg), the diabetic heart pump function did not differ from the control.

Conclusion      In type 1 diabetes mellitus, decreases in functional load and oxygen consumption normalize the myocardial pump function with disturbed energy metabolism.
The left atrial appendage thrombosis of in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation after the novel coronavirus infection
Authors: Mazur E. S. , Mazur V. V. , Bazhenov N. D. , Kunitsina M. Ye.
Published: April 2022

Aim      To evaluate the incidence and features of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) after novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Material and methods  Percutaneous echocardiography (pcEchoCG) was performed for 128 patients with persistent AF prepared for cardioversion, 36 (28.1 %) of whom had had COVID-19. In 3 (8.3 %) patients, the lung lesion area was 50–75 %; in 31 (86.1 %) patients, 25–50 %; in 1 (2.8 %) patient, less than 25 %. One patient had no lung lesion. Median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the patient enrollment in the study was 76.5 days. At the time of enrollment, the polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all patients.

Results Patients after COVID-19 and those who had not had COVID-19 were comparable by age (62.5±9.2 and 62.4±9.1 years, respectively; р=0.956), gender (men 52.8 and 59.8 %, respectively; р=0.471), and risk of stroke (score 2.19±1.28 and score 1.95±1.35, respectively; р=0.350). Duration of the last arrhythmia episode was longer for patients after COVID-19 than for the comparison group (76.5 and 45.0 days, respectively; р=0.011). All patients received oral anticoagulants. 55.6 % of COVID-19 patients received rivaroxaban, whereas 62.0% of patients who had not had COVID-19 were treated with apixaban. Median duration of the anticoagulant treatment was longer for COVID-19 patients than for the comparison group (61.5 and 32.0 days; р=0.051). LAA thrombus was detected in 7 (19.4 %) patients after COVID-19 and in 6 (6.5 %) patients of the comparison group (р=0.030). In COVID-19 patients, the thrombus adhered to LAA wall over the entire thrombus length whereas in patients who had not have COVID-19, the thrombus had a free part that formed a sharp angle with LAA walls. In the presence of LAA thrombus, the LAA blood flow velocity was considerably higher for COVID-19 patients than for the comparison group (31.0±8.9 and 18.8±4.9 cm/sec, respectively; p=0.010). At the follow-up examination performed at 24.0 days on the average, the thrombus was found to be dissolved in 80 and 50% of patients after and without COVID-19, respectively (р=0.343).

Conclusion      In patients with persistent AF after the novel coronavirus infection, LAA thrombosis was detected more frequently than in patients who had never had COVID-19; it was characterized by mural localization and was not associated with a decrease in LAA blood flow velocity.
Right ventricular myocardial infarction on echocardiography
Authors: Naumenko Zh. K.
Published: April 2022

To date, non-invasive assessment of the right parts of the heart remains an urgent problem. Relevance. Echocardiography is still one of the principal functional research methods, which allows you to identify pathological changes quickly and objectively in both left and right parts of the heart.Results. The development and improvement of the technical capabilities of ultrasound scanners leads to new methods for calculating the indicators of the functional state of the heart and a more accurate understanding of the pathological processes occurring in a particular case. Conclusion. Echocardiography occupies a leading position in everyday clinical practice because of its safety and the possibility of bedside examination of urgent patients with circulatory failure.
New Evidence on Ethnic Diversity and Social Capital in Indonesia
Authors: Sanjaya Muhammad Ryan
Published: April 2022

This study analyzes the relationship between the various measures of ethnic diversity and social capital in Indonesia, particularly trust and tolerance (towards other religions and other ethnic groups), using a nationally representative survey. The 2009 National Socioeconomic Survey asked almost 300 thousand individuals on social capital from the 2010 population census data used to construct measures of ethnic and religious diversity. The study’s main contribution to the literature is the inclusion of ethnic similarities in the construction of these diversity variables using linguistic tree data taken from Ethnologue. Using the multiple linear regression method, the study found that all measures of diversity are negatively associated with trust but are positively associated with tolerance, even after controlling for individual-, household- and district-level characteristics. Anticipating the possibility of endogeneity in the diversity variables, this study uses geographical variables to instrument these variables. Nevertheless, the use of the instrumental variable regression method does not change the main result.
Distribution characteristics of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in macular area and its relationship with vessel density in highly myopic eyes
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China, Chen Huan , Long Qin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China
Published: April 2022

AIM: To investigate the distribution characteristics of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and vessel density in macular area of eyes with high myopia, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS: Forty eyes in 20 patients diagnosed with high myopia, age 29.90±7.92 years old, with a spherical equivalent of -8.95±2.01 D, were recruited. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the vessel density of the superficial retinal capillary plexus, deep retinal capillary plexus, and choroidal capillary were measured by OCTA. Macular regions within a 6-mm diameter circle were divided into 9 subfields: the central subfield, and the pericentral and peripheral regions of superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants. The retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses of different subfields were compared, and their relationships with spherical equivalent, axial length, and vessel density were analyzed.
RESULTS: In the pericentral region, the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the superior quadrant was the lowest, whereas thickness was highest in the inferior quadrant (all P<0.05). In the peripheral region, the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the temporal quadrant was the lowest (all P<0.05). A negative correlation was found between the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and spherical equivalent (r=-0.356, P=0.024) in the peripheral superior subfield. The vessel density of superficial retinal capillary plexus was positively correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the nasal and inferior quadrants of the pericentral region and in the superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants of the peripheral region (r=0.314, 0.408, 0.467, 0.655, and 0.737 respectively; and all P<0.05), whereas the vessel density of choroidal capillary was negatively correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the peripheral superior subfield (r= -0.356, P=0.024).
CONCLUSION: The RNFL of macular areas is not uniformly distributed in high myopia (HM). As the spherical equivalent (SE) increases, the RNFL thickness decreases in certain areas, which correlates with the vessel density(VD) of superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and choroidal capillary (CC) layers.
Gender difference for detecting global motion in adults and children
Authors:   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Han Ding , Du Bei ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Zhang Hong-Bo ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Zhang Bin ,   Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wei Rui-Hua ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases
Published: April 2022

AIM: To investigate if there is a gender difference in detecting global motion in adults and children aged 6 to 15y, respectively.
METHODS: A total of 46 adults aged between 20 and 24y, and 227 children aged between 6 and 15y who were divided into five age groups, participated in this study. Global motion detection was evaluated with a random dot kinematogram test, with the proportion of the dots moving at the same direction (up vs down, or left vs right) varied in each trial. The speed of each dot consisted of 1.0 and 5.0 deg/s, therefore four conditions of dots moving were examined in this study. Subjects were asked to identify the direction of the perceived global motion in a three-down-one-up staircase algorithm. The minimal proportion of signal dots moving at the same direction for global motion to be perceived is defined as the threshold. Each subject was measured five times and the mean value was recorded in each condition. Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis to accommodate the interaction between the two factors: age and sex maturation.
RESULTS: For signal dots moving vertically with 1.0 deg/s, the influence of gender and age on global motion detection was statistically significant (gender: F=10.533, P=0.001; age: F=8.599, P<0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15y girls were significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.013) and 14-15y boys (P=0.030). There was also a similar effect of gender and age for signal dots moving horizontally with 1.0 deg/s (gender: F=12.073, P=0.001; age: F=8.724, P<0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15y girls were significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.004) and 14-15y boys (P=0.009). For signal dots moving vertically with 5.0 deg/s, the influence of gender on global motion detection was statistically significant (F=6.826, P=0.010), while there was no difference between adults and children (F=1.085, P=0.369). The threshold for adult females was significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.002). Finally, for signal dots moving horizontally with 5.0 deg/s, there was a similar effect as dots moving vertically with the same speed (gender: F=7.775, P=0.006; age: F=1.794, P=0.114). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15y girls were significantly higher than that in adult males (P=0.001) and 14-15y boys (P=0.017).
CONCLUSION: Gender difference in detecting global motion exists only in adults and children older than 14y.
A new species of Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 (Annelida, Moniligastridae) from India, with status revision of M. deshayesi minor Michaelsen, 1913
Authors: Narayanan Sasankan Prasanth , Anuja Rajagopal , Thomas Ambattu Paili , Paliwal Rahul
Published: April 2022

The genus Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 is restricted to the Western Ghats mountain regions of the southern Peninsular India. A new species, Moniligaster julkai Narayanan & Paliwal, sp. nov., is described and illustrated using samples found in the Kerala districts of Kottayam and Pathanamthitta. Apart from that, the status of Moniligaster deshayesi minor Michaelsen, 1913 is critically reviewed, and it is upgraded to species rank as Moniligaster minor Michaelsen, 1913, based on a collection made near its type locality. Furthermore, new distributional records for other Moniligaster species are provided. With this discovery, the genus Moniligaster now has a total of 14 recognised species.
Comparison of Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Adductor Canal Block: Randomised Double-Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Panse Neha Amey , Kulkarni Sameer , Bhojane Utkarsha Pradeep , Yelgudkar Rushikesh Madhav
Published: April 2022

Background: Adjuvants to local anesthetics (LA) have proven to prolong the analgesic efficacy of Adductor canal block (ACB). The ACB when administered with lower dose of LA produces analgesia without loss of motor control of the thigh. Hence we studied the efficacy of two different doses of dexmedetomidine in ACB to prolong postoperative analgesia when used as adjuvant to ropivacaine.
Methods: Total of 90 patients between 18-65years undergoing arthroscopic ligament reconstructions surgeries of knee were randomized into three groups and given Ultrasound guided (USG) ACB. Group A - 0.2% Ropivacaine, Group B – 0.2% Ropivacaine plus Dexmedetomidine 0.50 mcg.kg-1 and Group C- 0.2% Ropivacaine plus Dexmedetomidine 1 mcg.kg-1. Primary aim of our intervention was to study the duration of post-operative analgesia and Secondary aim was to study the total dose of rescue analgesic required in 24hrs, success of early ambulation, level of patient satisfaction and any adverse effects.
Results: The duration of analgesia was found highest in Group C (1166 ±200mins) than Group A (420±100mins) and Group B (702± 150mins). The total dose of tramadol consumption in 24 hours was highest in Group A. The number of steps walked postoperatively after 24 hours and level of patient satisfaction was maximum with Group C.
Conclusion: Use of 1mcg.kg-1 of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to 0.2% ropivacaine in ACB after arthroscopic knee surgeries significantly prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia, reducing the total requirement of rescue analgesic without causing any untoward effects and preserving quadriceps strength aiding in early ambulation and recovery.
Which Factors Influence on Mortality in Patients Undergoing Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)?
Authors: Jahangirifard Alireza , Hosseinzadeh Mandana , Nazari Sepideh , Bahrami Ahmadi Amir , Gorjipour Farhad , Mirtajani Seyed Bashir , Ahmadi Zargham Hossein
Published: April 2022

Background: There are inconclusive data of Ven venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO) VV‐ECMO for a therapeutic strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods: Totally 28 critically ill patients were included into the study between 23 September 2013 and 20 january 2020. Critically ill adult patients who were refractory to conventional therapeutic modalities were eligible for veno-venous ECMO and study inclusion.
Results: Of a total of 28 patients, 15 patients (53.6%) survived and 13 (46.42%) died. Gender frequency had no significant difference between survivors and non-survivors (P=0.07). Mean of age and BMI had no significant differences between the mentioned groups also (P>0.05). It was the same for BSA and the two groups were in the same situation (1.82±0.37 vs. 1.79±0.29; P=0.81). There were no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors regarding ECMO time (114.49±91.05 vs. 162.62±100.17 minutes; P=0.20) and ICU stays (9.65±5.11 vs. 8.93±4.96; P=0.10). The average time of ICU stay was 9.29±5.16 days. The ejection fraction in survives was significantly higher than non-survivors (52.14±6.42 vs. 57.31±4.39; P=0.02). Those patients who were in the non-survivors group had lower blood pressure (MAP<65mmHg) during the study (P=0.049), however, did not find any significant differences between the groups regarding inotropes or vasoconstrictors.
Conclusion: In this study, the mortality rate was 46.42%. Bleeding, hypotension and dialysis were the risk factors for mortality among study participants.
Intubated Patients with Respiratory Failure under Mechanical Ventilation in Emergency Department
Authors: Aarabi Sepideh , Ziaee Ali , Aghili Mehrad , Zangi Mahdi , Vahidi Elnaz , Saeedi Morteza
Published: April 2022

Background: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is an important presentation in emergency department (ED). Intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) are sometimes the ultimate decisions in such emergent situations. Many of these patients are unfortunately managed in an ED. This may endanger their outcome.
This study was aimed to compare the outcome of critically ill patients with ARF under MV admitted to ED with patients admitted to ICU.
Methods: All critically ill patients with ARF who were intubated and placed under MV were enrolled in this study. Cases were either admitted to ED or ICU. Demographic data, initial diagnosis, final diagnosis, length of hospital stay, one-month mortality rate, number of times patient was intubated and number of times patient was resuscitated were all recorded and compared between the 2 groups.
Results: Out of all 172 patients admitted to ED and ICU, 74 (43%) were females and 98 (57%) were males. Patients had a mean±SD age of 64.2±18.1 years. ICU patients (85 patients (49.4%)) had a significantly longer hospital stay (p=0.048). ICU patients had significantly more resuscitation process (p=0.006). Mortality rate in ICU was significantly higher than ED. In the meanwhile, more patients in ED finally survived (p=0.004).
Conclusion: In the present study, ICU patients were admitted longer to the ward than ED patients. Overall, ED mortality rate was lower than ICU. More patients finally survived in ED in comparison to ICU.
An Explanation about Ketamine, Etomidate and Their Combination for Induction of Anesthesia in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Jabbari Ali , Bahihashem Nadia
Published: April 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Blockade as an Adjunct for Inguinal Hernioplasty in a Patient with Aortic Valve Replacement: Case Report
Authors: Deshpande Jyoti , Jacob Merlin Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Choosing appropriate anesthetic modality in patients with compromised cardiac function with the administration of peripheral nerve block ensures hemodynamic stability. We present the case of a 63y, male patient with an operative history of aortic valvuloplasty, on anticoagulant warfarin. Patient was given general anesthesia and supraglottic airway device, LMA was inserted to prevent intubation response. This was supplemented with USG guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks with inj ropivacaine 0.325%, 15ml and inj dexamethasone 2mg as adjuvant. Addition of peripheral nerve blockade to general anesthesia provided perioperative analgesia, so quick emergence and recovery was possible.
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins in human biological fluids
Authors: Iksanova Asiya M. , Arzumanian Vera G. , Konanykhina Svetlana Y. , Samoylikov Pavel V.
Published: April 2022

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are endogenous compounds that have a direct antimicrobial effect on bacteria (e.g. by disrupting bacterial membranes) as well as on fungi and viruses. AMPs are the main components of the innate immunity of living organisms and are produced by both epithelial cells (skin cells, cells of respiratory tract, intestines, urinary and genital tracts) and cells of the immune system and are secreted into secretory fluids. AMPs can also act as chemoattractants for immunocompetent cells (neutrophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells) in the inflammation site and affect the antigen presenting cells by modulating adaptive T cell immune responses. The representatives of the main 15 AMP classes, that we describe in this review, are the most studied group of the large pool of these compounds. We discuss their localization, expression, and concentration in various human biofluids under normal and pathological conditions.
Crusading in Livonia and Byzantine Romania Considered in a Comparative Review. Key Issues and Historiographical Notes
Authors: Ivanov Ivelin A.
Published: April 2022

The article focuses on a topic that so far has not been studied in a comparative approach. The author addresses some basic problems of the comparative research, focusing on the general and the specific causes, the course, and the consequences of the crusading actions in the lands of Livonia and Estonia – in the northeast, and Romania – in the southeast. Reconsidering the already established models and theses in historical research on the Baltic campaigns, on the one hand, and the Third, the Fourth, and the Fifth Crusades, on the other, the author formulates some guidelines and approaches for a comparative study on crusading ‘on the edges’ in the late 12th – the early 13th centuries. The article analyzes several factors including the role of geographical and climatic conditions, the demographic expansion, the papal policy, the commercial maritime activity, and the role of the Knightly orders in the crusading campaigns under review. Furthermore, the author explores the political and social background of the crusading campaigns under question and the different models of interaction between the colonization stratum and the local population in Livonia and the Latin Empire in Constantinople.
Once Again about the Multifold Slavonic Translations and their Context: “On Prayer” by Evagrius of Pontus (CPG 2452)
Authors: Miltenova Anissava
Published: April 2022

The article examines the history of the Slavic translations of the work On Prayer by Evagrios (Evagrius) of Pontus (CPG 2452). The witnesses are more than 35 – in manuscripts of Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian and Moldavian-Wallachian provenance, from the 12th to the 17th century. Two translations are analysed, which are distributed in monastic collections compiled in different ways. The first of these can be situated in the context of the early parenetic literature of the First Bulgarian Kingdom (10th c.), and the other is related to the literary tradition and ascetical practices of Hesychasm in the 14th century. A version of the first translation, which appeared in the 14th century in the Bulgarian milieu is also considered. The comparison of the language of the translations with their Greek original allows for extremely interesting observations on the translators’ approaches. The reception of the text On Prayer is a key to understanding the processes that take place in the Slavic literature over a long period, characterized on the one hand by the continuity, and on the other by the introduction of new phenomena, both in the selection of vocabulary and in the compositions of the manuscripts as a whole. The history of the work On Prayer sheds light on the connections of the monastic centres on the Balkans, Russia, and Mount Athos.
The Concept of Whole Substance in Galen’s "Simple Medicines"
Authors: Wilkins John
Published: April 2022

Galen’s great treatise on drugs, Simple Medicines, begins with 5 theoretical books which explain the mechanisms of drug actions in the following catalogues. The key agent of change is the mixture of the qualities hot, cold, wet and dry. But drugs also have substance, the leaf, root or fruit of plants, the material of animals and minerals. How does substance act on the human body? This is one of the key questions for the theory of drugs, since mixtures had already been explored by Galen in Mixtures. Galen’s exploration of substance brings him to the composition of a drug – in thick or fine particles – and to the notion of substances in the plural and the notion of whole substance in the cases of foods and poisons, all of which Galen places in the class of drugs. Whole substance is the core of the paper. Galen’s understanding of substance as of qualities depends heavily, as often, on Aristotle. The paper presents an argument based on the key passages in Simples I–V, which I have recently translated for the Cambridge Galen series, as too on related passages in Mixtures and On the Capacities of Foods.