bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL, ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC PROFILE OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA LINN
Authors: Hamed Manal Mortady , Mohamed Mona Abdel Motagally , Ahmed Wafaa Sabry
Published: May 2017

Objective: Phoenix dactylifera Linn (Fam.: arecaceae)or date fruits are commercial crops that notarized in holy quran. 70% aqueous MeOH extract of the fruits led to isolation of six compounds; its chemical structures were determined as, β-sitosterol (1), caffeic acid (2), ferulic acid (3), protocatechuic acid (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5) and luteolin (6).Methods: The accurately weighed date fruits were washed, sliced and socked freshly in 70% methanol then exhaustively extracted under reflux for about 2 w and filtered, then fractionated by different solvent; finaly the butanol extract evaporated and fractionated on a polyamide glass column. Using Sephadex LH-20 column to purify the compounds obtained. In our preliminary study, the extracts and compounds were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line through the MTT assay and the antioxidant potential of the extracts and pure compounds were assayed through in vitro model using (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assays.Results: Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited promising antitumor activity with IC50 values of 6 and 10 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover compounds 1, 4, 5 and 6 showed cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 13, 15, 21 and 35 μg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the compounds showed the inhibition percentage values (SC50) ranged from 4.36 to 10.25 μg/ml, while the total antioxidant capacity ranged from (583.66 to 702.00 mg AAE/g compound).Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that; dates constituents are powerful as antioxidant and antitumor; hence it is the best potential for pharmaceutical applications.
Barreiras organizacionais à inovação: um estudo para identificar os fatores que desestimulam o ímpeto inovador das empresas
Authors: Moraes Ana Beatriz Gomes de Mello , Moraes Maria Fernanda Prestes de
Published: May 2017

As empresas contemporâneas preocupam-se cada vez mais com a inovação por entenderem ser esta a base dos ganhos de competitividade e de diferenciação. No entanto, existem fatores internos que agem como barreiras à inovação, dificultando o desenvolvimento de novos processos e produtos. Assim, mesmo que eficientes modelos de gestão da inovação existam, todo o entorno pode minar os esforços, caso as barreiras não sejam identificadas e tratadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e identificar barreiras organizacionais à inovação mais frequentes dentro das empresas, por meio de um estudo qualitativo exploratório realizado com profissionais e especialistas atuantes na área. O estudo foi feito a partir de entrevistas diretas com profissionais de seis empresas consideradas inovadoras. O tratamento dos dados seguiu a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (1977). Os resultados apontaram diversos fatores organizacionais que podem restringir o desenvolvimento de inovações nas empresas, apontando para futuras pesquisas que investiguem os fatores externos que agem como barreiras à inovação.
Mixed convection flow of a nanofluid past a non-linearly stretching wall
Authors: Ahmad Adeel , Asghar Saleem , Jalil Mudassar , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: May 2017

This paper deals with the boundary-layer mixed convective flow of a viscous nanofluid past a vertical wall stretching with non-linear velocity. The governing equations are transformed into self similar ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformation. Using group theoretic method it is shown that the similarity solutions are possible only for the non-linear stretching velocity having specific form. Numerical solution of the coupled governing equations is obtained using Keller Box method. Correlation expression of reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are obtained by performing linear regression on the data obtained from numerical results. The authenticity of these results is established by calculating the percentage error between the numerical results and correlation expression which is observed to be less than 5%. Effects of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions and nanoparticles concentration flux on the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed.
Inverse boundary design problem of combined radiation convection heat transfer in a duct with diffuse-spectral design surface
Authors: Omidpanah Mohammad , Gandjalikhan Nassab
Published: May 2017

In the present work, an optimization technique is applied for inverse boundary design problem of radiative convective heat transfer of laminar duct flow by numerical method. The main goal is to verify how the solution of inverse problem is affected by the spectral behavior of the boundary surfaces. The conjugate gradient method is used to find the unknown temperature distribution over the heater surface to satisfy the prescribed temperature and heat flux distributions over the design surface. The bottom boundary surface (including design surface) is diffuse-spectral, while the top wall (heater surface) behaves as gray one. The variation of emissivity with respect to the wavelength is approximated by considering a set of spectral bands with constant emissivity and then the radiative transfer equation is solved by the discrete ordinates method for each band. The performance of the present method is evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained by considering a diffuse-gray design surface. Finally an attempt is made to investigate the spectral behavior of the design surface on the calculated temperature distribution over the heater surface.
Impact of Liraglutide on Amylase, Lipase, and Acute Pancreatitis in Participants With Overweight/Obesity and Normoglycemia, Prediabetes, or Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analyses of Pooled Data From the SCALE Clinical Development Program
Authors: Steinberg William M. , Rosenstock Julio , Wadden Thomas A. , Donsmark Morten , Jensen Christine B. , DeVries J. Hans
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

To describe amylase/lipase activity levels and events of acute pancreatitis (AP) in the SCALE (Satiety and Clinical Adiposity—Liraglutide Evidence in individuals with and without diabetes) weight-management trials.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Secondary analyses were performed on pooled data from four trials (N = 5,358 with BMI ≥30, or 27 to <30 kg/m2 with ≥1 comorbidity). Of these, 1,723 had normoglycemia, 2,789 had prediabetes, and 846 had type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomized to liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 3,302), liraglutide 1.8 mg (n = 211, only type 2 diabetes), or placebo (n = 1,845). Relationships between baseline characteristics and amylase/lipase activity at baseline and during treatment were investigated.

RESULTS

Over 56 weeks, liraglutide 3.0 mg versus placebo was associated with increases in mean levels of 7% (amylase) and 31% (lipase), respectively. Similar changes in amylase/lipase levels were observed with liraglutide 1.8 mg. More participants receiving liraglutide 3.0 mg versus placebo experienced amylase (9.4% vs. 5.9%) and lipase (43.5% vs. 15.1%) elevations greater than or equal to the upper limit of normal (ULN); few had elevations ≥3 × ULN for amylase (<0.1% with liraglutide 3.0 mg or placebo) or lipase (2.9% vs. 1.5%, respectively). After liraglutide discontinuation, enzymes returned to baseline levels. Thirteen participants developed AP: 12 on (n = 9, 0.3%) or after (n = 3, 0.1%) liraglutide 3.0 mg treatment and one (0.1%) with placebo. A total of 6/13 participants with AP (5/12 liraglutide; 1 placebo) had gallstone disease evident at AP onset. Amylase/lipase elevations either 1 × ULN or ≥3 × ULN before AP onset had very low positive predictive value for AP (<1%).

CONCLUSIONS

Liraglutide resulted in dose-independent, reversible increases in amylase/lipase activity, unrelated to baseline characteristics, not predicting AP onset. Gallstones possibly contributed to 50% of AP cases. Data provide no basis for amylase/lipase level monitoring in liraglutide treatment except in suspected AP.
A review of recent analyses of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS)
Authors: Potter D. , Nasserie T. , Tonmyr L.
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The objective of this analysis is to identify, assess the quality and
summarize the findings of peer-reviewed articles that used data from the Canadian
Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) published since November
2011 and data from provincial oversamples of the CIS as well as to illustrate evolving uses
of these datasets.

Methods

Articles were identified from the Public Health Agency of Canada’s data
request records tracking access to CIS data and publications produced from that data. At
least two raters independently reviewed and appraised the quality of each article.

Results

A total of 32 articles were included. Common strengths of articles included
clearly stated research aims, appropriate control variables and analyses, sufficient
sample sizes, appropriate conclusions and relevance to practice or policy. Common
problem areas of articles included unclear definitions for variables and inclusion criteria
of cases. Articles frequently measured the associations between maltreatment, child,
caregiver, household and agency/referral characteristics and investigative outcomes such
as opening cases for ongoing services and placement.

Conclusion

Articles using CIS data were rated positively on most quality indicators.
Researchers have recently focussed on inadequately studied categories of maltreatment
(exposure to intimate partner violence [IPV]), neglect and emotional maltreatment) and
examined factors specific to First Nations children. Data from the CIS oversamples have
been underutilized. The use of multivariate analysis techniques has increased.
Correlates of joint child protection and police child sexual abuse investigations: results from the Canadian Incidence
Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect–2008
Authors: Tonmyr, L. , Gonzalez A.
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Our study examines the frequency of joint investigations by child
protection workers and the police in sexual abuse investigations compared to other
maltreatment types and the association of child-, caregiver-, maltreatment- and
investigation-related characteristics in joint investigations, focussing specifically on
investigations involving sexual abuse.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child
Abuse and Neglect–2008 using logistic regression.

Results

The data suggest that sexual abuse (55%), and then physical abuse, neglect and
emotional maltreatment, are most often co-investigated. Substantiation of maltreatment,
severity of maltreatment, placement in out-of-home care, child welfare court involvement
and referral of a family member to specialized services was more likely when the
police were involved in an investigation.

Conclusion

This study adds to the limited information on correlates of joint child
protection agency and police investigations. Further research is needed to determine the
effectiveness of these joint investigations.
Morphometry of Organs in Sheep Fed a Diet Containing Tannins and Polyphenols
Authors: Mahgoub Osman , Inwa Ibrahim , Kadim Isam T. , Tageldin Mohamed H. , Al-Kharousi Kaadhia
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to use morphometry to investigate the essential organs of sheep fed with non-conventional diets. Twelve male Omani sheep were fed with one of two types of roughages supplemented with a commercial concentrate for 63 days and then slaughtered. The volumes of their kidneys, testes, and livers were measured. Random samples from the organs were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Random five micrometer sections from each block were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Images from four random fields were taken from each slide using a digital camera attached to the microscope and then loaded onto a stereology software installed on a personal computer. Morphometric measurements of body organs were taken. Animals fed diets containing tannins had lower final total body weight and lower weights and volumes of their livers, testes and kidneys. There was high variability in the results of intestinal parts measurements, but there was a general trend of the treated animals having higher duodenal and ilial height, villus height, crypt depth and epithelial thickness. The only significant diet effect was higher liver l and lower Vfrac cytoplasm in the control animals than in those treated. The only significant treatment effect on the kidney measurements was a higher tube length/density in treated animals. There were no treatment effects on the testes measurements. The current study indicates that sheep may safely utilize diets containing the levels of polyphenols and tannins used here with no drastic effects on the digestive system and vital organs.
On the Consistency of Pantheism
Authors: Mander William
Published: May 2017

Pantheists commonly wish to hold three distinct theses: that God is identical with the universe as a whole, that God is to be found altogether in each part of the universe, and that some features of the universe are more divine than others. However, it might well be complained that these constitute an incompatible set of requirements on any theory. After outlining the three positions in question, this paper considers how successfully the four main species of pantheist metaphysic — the substance monist model, the microcosmic-macrocosmic model, the universal-expressivist model, and the Absolute Idealist model — are able to respond to the problem of their compatibility.
Theism and Contrastive Explanation
Authors: Came Daniel
Published: May 2017

I argue that there could not be grounds on which to introduce God into our ontology. My argument presupposes two doctrines. First, we should allow into our ontology only what figures in the best explanation of an event or fact. Second, explanation is contrastive by nature, in that the explanandum always consists in a contrast between a fact and a foil. I argue that God could not figure in true contrastive explanatory statements, because the omnipotence of God guarantees that for any true proposition p, God could have made it the case that ~p just as much as He could have made it the case that p.
The Practice of Assertion under Conditions of Religious Ignorance
Authors: Rizzieri Aaron
Published: May 2017

The knowledge and attendant justification norms of belief and assertion serve to regulate our doxastic attitudes towards, and practices of asserting, various propositions. I argue that conforming to these norms under conditions of religious ignorance promotes responsible acts of assertion, epistemic humility, and non–dogmatic doxastic attitudes towards the content of one’s own faith. Such conformity also facilitates the formation of the religious personality in a healthy direction in other ways. I explore these ideas in relation to the Christian faith tradition, but my reflections generalize.
Craig’s Nominalism and the High Cost of Preserving Divine Aseity
Authors: Smith R. Scott
Published: May 2017

William Lane Craig rejects Platonism (the view that uncreated abstract objects (AOs) exist) in favor of nominalism because he believes Platonism fatally compromises God’s aseity. For Craig, concrete particulars (including essences) exist, but properties do not. Yet, we use property-talk, following Carnap’s “linguistic frameworks.” There is, however, a high cost to Craig’s view. I survey his views and then explore the importance of essences. But, next, I show that his nominalism undermines them. Thus, we have just interpretations of reality. Worse, nominalism undermines creation’s determinacy. Last, I suggest AOs are created, but in a more fundamental sense than Craig considers.
A Better Solution to the General Problem of Creation
Authors: Skrzypek Jeremy W.
Published: May 2017

It is often suggested that, since the state of affairs in which God creates a good universe is better than the state of affairs in which He creates nothing, a perfectly good God would have to create that good universe. Making use of recent work by Christine Korgaard on the relational nature of the good, I argue that the state of affairs in which God creates is actually not better, due to the fact that it is not better for anyone or anything in particular. Hence, even a perfectly good God would not be compelled to create a good universe.
Concepción del Componente de Crecimiento y Desarrollo desde la perspectiva de las madres con niños de 1 a 4 años del AA.HH. Nueva Unión - Comas
Authors: Jáuregui Cárdenas Jocelynn Lisset
Published: May 2017

Objetivo. Comprender el significado que le conceden al Componente de Crecimiento y Desarrollo desde la perspectiva de las madres de niños de 1 a 4 años de edad del AA.HH. Nueva Unión en el 2009. Materiales y métodos. Cualitativo, con enfoque de Estudio de Caso. El valor de la muestra dependió del nivel de saturación, entrevistándose a 12 madres. Resultados. Emergieron cuatro categorías: Concepción de las madres sobre salud - enfermedad del niño, Concepciones de las madres sobre el Componente de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Razones por las que las madres acuden o dejan de acudir al Componente Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Interrelación Madre - Enfermera - Niño. Conclusiones. El significado que las madres tienen sobre el Componente de Crecimiento y Desarrollo en relación a la salud del niño de 1 a 4 años, estableciéndose que las madres consideran como eje central de la atención de Crecimiento y Desarrollo la aplicación de las vacunas, que es la principal motivación por la que acuden al establecimiento de salud con su niño
Sala de vejámenes. Cinco días en un pabellón de emergencia
Authors: Mendo Romero José Virgilio
Published: May 2017

Salí después de haber conocido la cara del horror. Estuve internado en Emergencia de EsSalud, del Seguro Social del Perú, durante una semana, desde el lunes 17 de marzo hasta el viernes 21 del mismo mes, a causa de una brusca e inusitada baja de la presión arterial. Mi cabeza me daba vueltas y comencé a perder la visión y sumergirme en la oscuridad, pude mantenerme en pie, dejar la computadora y llegar a la sala. Allí perdí el equilibrio y me caí, felizmente en forma suave, me cuidé de no golpearme especialmente la cabeza.
“Marriage Is Perseverance”: Structural Violence, Culture, and AIDS in Malawi
Authors: Hayes Nicole C.
Published: May 2017

This article uses contemporary Malawian proverbs about gender as a window on connections between structural violence, culture, and AIDS in Malawi. Malawi's colonial and post-colonial history forms the backdrop for considerations of Malawi's changing sexual landscape. The author argues that Malawi's legacy of structural violence, particularly the colonial introduction of male labour migration and massive gender inequalities, irrevocably altered Malawian gender roles. Any attempt to explain Malawi's high rate of AIDS must therefore consider how structural violence became entwined with cultural norms in the production of a competitive sexual economy based on multiple concurrent partner and transactional sex.
Troubling Water: Shale Energy and Waterscape Transformation in a North American Extraction Zone
Authors: Willow Anna J.
Published: May 2017

As hydraulic fracturing to facilitate shale energy extraction expands into new regions, how people think about water's multifaceted relationships to their lands and lives is being complicated and confounded. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 31 concerned residents of Ohio (United States), I argue that extraction “troubles” water in ways that extend far beyond empirical documentation of toxic contamination. My account illuminates how physical and conceptual relationships with water are concurrently and recursively transformed. For many Ohioans, formerly positive experiences of emplacement and embodiment are now infused with apprehension and alienation. As water infiltrates and motivates conversations about human health, residents' rights, and contested knowledge, it has become culturally meaningful in newly anxiety-infused and hyper-vigilant ways. At the same time, water has come to fill a prominent political and oppositional position in unconventional extraction debates.
Cultivating Ice over Time: On the Idea of Timeless Knowledge and Places in the Himalayas
Authors: Gagné Karine
Published: May 2017

Assumptions that local communities have an endogenous capacity to adapt to climate change stemming from time-tested knowledge and an inherent sense of community that prompts mobilisation are becoming increasingly common in material produced by international organisations. This discourse, which relies on ahistorical and apolitical conceptions of localities and populations, is based on ideas of timeless knowledge and places. Analysing the water-place nexus in Ladakh, in the Indian Himalayas, through a close study of glacier practices as they change over time, the article argues that local knowledge is subject to change and must be analysed in light of changing conceptions and experiences of place by the state and by local populations alike.
Meta-analysis of the surgical outcomes of symptomatic moyamoya disease in adults
Authors: Jeon Jin Pyeong , Kim Jeong Eun , Cho Won-Sang , Bang Jae Seung , Son Young-Je , Oh Chang Wan
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes of future stroke prevention, perioperative complications, and angiographic revascularization in adults with symptomatic moyamoya disease (MMD) according to treatment modalities and surgical techniques.

METHODS

A systemic literature review was performed based on searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases. A fixed-effects model was used in cases of heterogeneity less than 50%. Publication bias was determined by Begg’s funnel plot, Egger’s test of the intercept, and the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test.

RESULTS

Eleven articles were included in the meta-analysis. Bypass surgery significantly decreased the future stroke events compared with conservative treatments in adult MMD (odds ratio [OR] 0.301, p < 0.001). Direct bypass showed better future stroke prevention than indirect bypass (OR 0.494, p = 0.028). There was no meaningful difference in perioperative complications between direct and indirect bypass (OR 0.665, p = 0.176). Direct bypass was associated with better angiographic outcomes than indirect bypass (OR 6.832, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Bypass surgery can be effective in preventing future stoke events in adults with MMD. Direct bypass seems to provide better risk reduction with respect to stroke than indirect bypass in these patients.
Individualized 3D printed model–assisted posterior screw fixation for the treatment of craniovertebral junction abnormality: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Fangyou , Wang Qu , Liu Chuangxi , Xiong Bing , Luo Tao
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of individualized 3D printed model–assisted posterior internal fixation in treating craniovertebral junction (CVJ) abnormalities.

METHODS

Forty-four patients (19 males and 25 females; mean age 36.5 ± 9.2 years, range 11–62 years; symptom duration 1 month–15 years) with a CVJ abnormality who were admitted to the authors’ institution between April 2010 and April 2015 were retrospectively studied. The individualized 3D printed model of the CVJ was produced based on the individual CT data by use of 3D printing technology. The posterior internal fixation was simulated on the model to obtain data for individual patients, which were then used for intraoperative assistance. One-stage posterior decompression combined with internal fixation was performed. The results were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale, atlanto-dens interval (ADI), and cervicomedullary angle (CMA). The patients underwent follow-up and outcomes were evaluated using CT, MRI, and the JOA scale score. The comparison between preoperative and postoperative JOA scale scores was done using a paired t-test.

RESULTS

Thirty-eight individualized 3D printed models were successfully built. The 38 patients underwent successful posterior internal fixation performed with the assistance of 3D printed models. In the 6 patients without an individualized printed model (i.e., the patients who underwent surgery before 3D printed modeling was available at the authors’ institution), the pedicle screw was inserted incorrectly into the transverse foramen in 2 patients and inserted incorrectly into the vertebral canal in 1 patient. All patients were observed for a mean of 26 months (range 3–52 months). The postoperative JOA scale scores for all patients significantly improved from the preoperative scores. Among the 41 patients treated with atlantoaxial distraction reduction, postoperative MRI and CT showed complete reduction in 31 patients and incomplete reduction in 10 patients (reduction rate > 50%). The postoperative ADI significantly decreased, and the CMA significantly increased.

CONCLUSIONS

Individualized 3D printed model–assisted posterior internal fixation seems feasible and effective in optimizing the treatment of CVJ abnormalities. In addition, it offers many advantages, including preoperative simulation, intraoperatve guidance, and intraoperative error minimization.
Posttraumatic epilepsy: long-term follow-up of children with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Keret Amit , Bennett-Back Odeya , Rosenthal Guy , Gilboa Tal , Shweiki Moatasim , Shoshan Yigal , Benifla Mony
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The true incidence of PTE in children is still uncertain, because most research has been based primarily on adults. This study aimed to determine the true incidence of PTE in a pediatric population with mild TBI (MTBI) and to identify risk factors for the development of epileptic events.

METHODS

Data were collected from electronic medical records of children 0–17 years of age, who were admitted to a single medical center between 2007 and 2009 with a diagnosis of MTBI. This prospective research consisted of a telephone survey between 2015 and 2016 of children or their caregivers, querying for information about epileptic episodes and current seizure and neurological status. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of epilepsy following TBI, which was defined as ≥ 2 unprovoked seizure episodes. Posttraumatic seizure (PTS) was defined as a single, nonrecurrent convulsive episode that occurred > 24 hours following injury. Seizures within 24 hours of the injury were defined as immediate PTS.

RESULTS

Of 290 children eligible for this study, 191 of them or their caregivers were reached by telephone survey and were included in the analysis. Most injuries (80.6%) were due to falls. Six children had immediate PTS. All children underwent CT imaging; of them, 72.8% demonstrated fractures and 10.5% did not demonstrate acute findings. The mean follow-up was 7.4 years. Seven children (3.7%) experienced PTS; of them, 6 (85.7%) developed epilepsy and 3 (42.9%) developed intractable epilepsy. The overall incidence of epilepsy and intractable epilepsy in this cohort was 3.1% and 1.6%, respectively. None of the children who had immediate PTS developed epilepsy. Children who developed epilepsy spent an average of 2 extra days in the hospital at the time of the injury. The mean time between trauma and onset of seizures was 3.1 years. Immediate PTS was not correlated with PTE.

CONCLUSIONS

In this analysis of data from medical records and long-term follow-up, MTBI was found to confer increased risk for the development of PTE and intractable PTE, of 4.5 and 8 times higher, respectively. As has been established in adults, these findings confirm that MTBI increases the risk for PTE in the pediatric population.
Androgen Receptor Could Be a Potential Therapeutic Target in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kanda Tatsuo , Takahashi Koji , Nakamura Masato , Nakamoto Shingo , Wu Shuang , Haga Yuki , Sasaki Reina , Jiang Xia , Yokosuka Osamu
Published: May 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a male-dominant disease with poor prognosis. Sorafenib is the only approved systemic chemotherapeutic drug for patients with advanced HCC. Previous studies have shown that androgen and androgen receptor (AR) are involved in human hepatocarcinogenesis and the development of HCC. Here, we discuss the recent data on AR and HCC, and the combination of sorafenib and inhibitors of AR for advanced-HCC patients. Androgen-dependent and androgen-independent AR activation exist in human hepatocarcinogenesis. AR could directly control hepatocarcinogenesis and regulate the innate immune system to influence HCC progression. Combination of sorafenib with AR inhibitors might represent a potential treatment for patients with advanced HCC.
Long-Term Land Cover Data for the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, 2010–2050
Authors: Tayyebi Amin , Smidt Samuel , Pijanowski Bryan
Published: May 2017

Land cover data are often used to examine the impacts of landscape alterations on the environment from the local to global scale. Although various agencies produce land cover data at various spatial scales, data are still limited at the regional scale over extended timescales. This is a critical data gap since decision-makers often use future and long-term land cover maps to develop effective policies for sustainable environmental systems. As a result, land change science incorporates common data mining tools to create future land cover maps that extend over long timescales. This study applied one of the well-known land cover change models, called Land Transformation Model (LTM), to produce urbanization maps for the Lower Peninsula of Michigan in United States from 2010 to 2050 with five year intervals. Long-term urbanization data in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan can be used in various environmental studies such as assessing the impact of future urbanization on climate change, water quality, food security and biodiversity.
The Univariate Collapsing Method for Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Paolella Marc
Published: May 2017

The univariate collapsing method (UCM) for portfolio optimization is based on obtaining the predictive mean and a risk measure such as variance or expected shortfall of the univariate pseudo-return series generated from a given set of portfolio weights and multivariate set of assets under interest and, via simulation or optimization, repeating this process until the desired portfolio weight vector is obtained. The UCM is well-known conceptually, straightforward to implement, and possesses several advantages over use of multivariate models, but, among other things, has been criticized for being too slow. As such, it does not play prominently in asset allocation and receives little attention in the academic literature. This paper proposes use of fast model estimation methods combined with new heuristics for sampling, based on easily-determined characteristics of the data, to accelerate and optimize the simulation search. An extensive empirical analysis confirms the viability of the method.
The Effect of Dog-Assisted Intervention on Student Well-Being, Mood, and Anxiety
Authors: Grajfoner Dasha , Harte Emma , Potter Lauren , McGuigan Nicola
Published: May 2017

This novel, exploratory study investigated the effect of a short, 20 min, dog-assisted intervention on student well-being, mood, and anxiety. One hundred and thirty-two university students were allocated to either an experimental condition or one of two control conditions. Each participant completed the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMBS), the State Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI), and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) both before, and after, the intervention. The participants in the experimental condition interacted with both the dogs and their handlers, whereas the control groups interacted with either the dog only, or the handler only. The analyses revealed a significant difference across conditions for each measure, with those conditions in which a dog was present leading to significant improvements in mood and well-being, as well as a significant reduction in anxiety. Interestingly, the presence of a handler alongside the dog appeared to have a negative, and specific, effect on participant mood, with greater positive shifts in mood being witnessed when participants interacted with the dog alone, than when interacting with both the dog and the handler. These findings show that even a short 20 min session with a therapy dog can be an effective alternative intervention to improve student well-being, anxiety, and mood.
A Cost-Efficient Method for Unsymmetrical Meso-Aryl Porphyrin Synthesis Using NaY Zeolite as an Inorganic Acid Catalyst
Authors: Calvete Mário , Dias Lucas , Henriques César , Pinto Sara , Carrilho Rui , Pereira Mariette
Published: May 2017

Herein we report the synthesis of unsymmetrical meso-aryl substituted porphyrins, using NaY zeolite as an inorganic acid catalyst. A comparative study between this method and the several synthetic strategies available in the literature was carried out. Our method presented a better, more cost-efficient rationale and displayed a significantly lower environmental impact. Furthermore, it was possible to verify the scalability of the process as well as the reutilization of the inorganic catalyst NaY (up to 6 times) without significant yield decrease. In addition, this method was applied to the synthesis of several other unsymmetrical porphyrins, from a low melting point porphyrin to mono-carboxylated halogenated unsymmetrical porphyrins, in yields higher than those found in the literature. Additionally, for the first time, two acetamide functionalized halogenated porphyrins were prepared in high yields. This methodology opens the way to the preparation of high yielding functionalized porphyrins, which can be easily immobilized for a variety of applications, either in catalysis or in biomedicine.
Label-Free Saturated Structured Excitation Microscopy
Authors: Massaro Eric , Grumstrup Erik
Published: May 2017

Micro- and nanoscale chemical and structural heterogeneities, whether they are intrinsic material properties like grain boundaries or intentionally encoded via nanoscale fabrication techniques, pose a challenge to current material characterization methods. To precisely interrogate the electronic structure of these complex materials systems, spectroscopic techniques with high spatial resolution are required. However, conventional optical microscopies are limited to probe volumes of ~200 nm due to the diffraction limit of visible light. While a variety of sub-diffraction-limited techniques have been developed, many rely on fluorescent contrast agents. Herein we describe label-free saturated structured excitation microscopy (LF-SSEM) applicable to nonlinear imaging approaches such as stimulated Raman and pump-probe microscopy. By exploiting the nonlinear sample response of saturated excitation, LF-SSEM provides theoretically limitless resolution enhancement without the need for a photoluminescent sample.
At a Crossroads: Investigating Automobility and Its Implications for Local Urban Transport Policy Design
Authors: Hynes Mike
Published: May 2017

More people than ever before are living in urban settlements, increasing competition for living space, employment, food, water, and energy. Urbanisation poses many challenges, most notably meeting the basic health and well-being needs of inhabitants. One of the key challenges faced is the increase in transport-related energy consumption and its negative economic, environmental, and social consequences. Cities and towns are complex spatial structures supported by transport systems, and automobility dominates many urban planning decisions. Such approaches to transportation and land use patterns favour and promote car use, providing inadequate alternatives or more sustainable modes of transport such as public transport, cycling, and walking. However, automobility is now deemed unsustainable, and moves toward more sustainable modes of transport are both necessary and essential to improving the quality of life for all citizens. This study seeks to determine levels of automobility thinking and attitudes to transportation in Galway, a small city on the west coast of Ireland, and provides an innovative, quantitative measure of reliance on this single mode of transport. Results indicate people who live in the city are not as car dependent as its rural hinterlands, although this is seldom reflected in local authority and regional transport approaches and decision-making.
The Provenance of the Gandhāran “Trojan Horse” Relief in the British Museum
Authors: Stewart Peter
Published: May 2017

大 英 博 物 館 蔵 の ガ ン ダ ー ラ の レ リ ー フ の 中 で 、 特 に 有 名 な も の の 一 つ に 、 「 ト ロ イ の 木 馬 」 の 図 像 に 基 づ い た も の が あ る 。 こ れ は お そ ら く 、 何 ら か の 仏 教 的 モ テ ィ ー フ と し て 再 解 釈 さ れ て 製 作 さ れ た と 考 え ら れ て い る 。 こ の 作 品 が ど こ で 出 土 し た か 、 と い う 問 題 に つ い て 、 こ れ ま で 、 い く つ か の 推 測 が 提 起 さ れ て き た 。 中 で も 、 マ ル ダ ー ン (Mardān) 遺 跡 や チ ャ ー ル サ ッ ダ (Chārsadda) 遺 跡 は 、 多 く の 研 究 で 繰 り 返 し 指 摘 さ れ て い る 。 し か し 、 本 論 で は 、 こ の 作 品 に 関 連 す る 資 料 を 詳 し く 分 析 す る こ と に よ っ て 、 こ れ が イ ン ダ ス 川 の 近 く の フ ン ド (Hund) の 井 戸 か ら 出 土 し た も の で あ る こ と を 明 ら か に で き た 。 ガ ン ダ ー ラ の 遺 物 は 、 ま だ 多 く が そ の 出 土 場 所 を 特 定 で き な い が 、 本 例 は 確 実 な 場 所 を 定 め る こ と が で き る 貴 重 な 例 で あ り 、 「 ト ロ イ の 木 馬 」 の よ う な 他 の 作 品 に 関 し て も 一 つ の 基 準 例 と な り 得 る と 考 え ら れ る 。
Corilagin Induces High Levels of Apoptosis in the Temozolomide-Resistant T98G Glioma Cell Line
Authors: Milani Roberta , Brognara Eleonora , Fabbri Enrica , Finotti Alessia , Borgatti Monica , Lampronti Ilaria , Marzaro Giovanni , Chilin Adriana , Lee Kenneth Ka-Ho , Kok Stanton Hon-Lung , Chui Chung-Hin , Gambari Roberto
Published: May 2017

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant tumor of the central nervous system, has a high mortality rate. No curative treatment is presently available, and the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), is only able to increase life expectancy
and is often associated with drug resistance. Therefore, an urgent need does exist for novel drugs aimed at treating gliomas. In the present study, we obtained three major results using corilagin: (a) demonstrated that it inhibits the growth of U251 glioma cells through activation of the apoptotic
pathway; (b) demonstrated that it is also active on TMZ-resistant T98G glioma cells; and (c) demonstrated that when used in combination with TMZ on T98G glioma cells, a higher level of proapototic and antiproliferative effects is observed. Our study indicates that corilagin should be investigated
in more detail to determine whether it can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent. In addition, our results suggest that corilagin could be used in combination with low doses of other standard anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs against gliomas (such as TMZ) with the aim of obtaining
enhanced anticancer effects.
Qu’est-ce que la philosophie de Heidegger a d’original ?
Authors: Thomas-Fogiel Isabelle
Published: May 2017

En quoi Heidegger a-t-il transformé en profondeur la manière dont, aujourd’hui encore, nous faisons de la philosophie ? Il ne s’agit pas d’apporter des éléments nouveaux sur un parcours historique très largement documenté, mais de considérer le séisme qu’il a introduit dans l’espace philosophique. Les deux grands gestes principiels en sont une herméneutique comme destruction de la philosophie et l’élection de « l’ordinaire » comme « sol » à partir duquel pourra s’accomplir cette destruction. Ce constat peut conduire à une réflexion sur des évidences aujourd’hui partagées, au-delà de la philosophie continentale, et qu’il conviendrait de mettre à distance en retournant à leur origine.
Intervention en institution : dialogue entre la psychodynamique du travail et l’approche psychanalytique des groupes
Authors: Ganem Valérie , Robert Philippe
Published: May 2017

Cet article propose de formaliser un dialogue entamé lors d’un récent colloque entre deux méthodes d’investigation collective basées sur la psychanalyse à partir d’une intervention dans une institution médico-sociale. La méthode utilisée pour cette intervention est la psycho-dynamique du travail. Différents points, tels que la demande, le dispositif, les stratégies de défense, ainsi que l’espace de délibération et les règles, sont discutés à partir de l’approche psychanalytique des groupes. Cette première discussion inédite a pour but de poser les jalons d’un débat plus approfondi entre ces deux approches qui pourraient apparaître similaires sur bien des points, mais qui se révèlent ici bien différentes tant d’un point de vue théorique que méthodologique.
La place de l’acte de travail, des collectifs institutionnels et de l’inconscient dans la sociopsychanalyse
Authors: Rueff-Escoubès Claire
Published: May 2017

La sociopsychanalyse institutionnelle, créée par Gérard Mendel, est une recherche et une méthode consacrées au champ du social du monde du travail et de son organisation, via leurs effets sur le fonctionnement psychique des personnes au travail et leur part d’inconscient. Constituée théoriquement à partir du concept de l’« actepouvoir », l’intervention sociopsychanalytique s’appuie en priorité sur les groupes homogènes de métier d’une institution concrète, en favorisant leur libre expression et l’obligation des réponses de leur hiérarchie à leurs attentes, collectivement et anonymement exprimées.
Une dramathérapie psychanalytique
Authors: Pitarque Sandrine
Published: May 2017

L’histoire de l’utilisation du théâtre et du jeu dramatique à des fins thérapeutiques est singulière en France. Du côté du psychodrame, l’héritage morénien, sans être renié, s’est estompé derrière l’intérêt que la psychanalyse a voué à cette technique. Parallèlement, l’école des médiations thérapeutiques s’est inscrite dans ce champ, en développant des pratiques sollicitant des théories complémentaires, en particulier celle de Winnicott. L’article retrace cette double histoire théorico-clinique et développe quelques-uns de ses concepts les plus importants. Puis sont présentées deux formes de dramathérapies qui s’en inspirent, l’une qu’on pourrait qualifier de « dramathérapie psychodramatique », l’autre de « dramathérapie psychanalytique ». Le texte se conclut avec l’apport de la dimension psychanalytique pour la dramathérapie ainsi que sur la question de l’évaluation.
D.A.F. de Sade : entre groupe et isolisme, libertinage et sublimation de mort
Authors: Pierlot Pascal
Published: May 2017

Issu par son père d’une famille au narcissisme grandiose entourée de légendes, et rattaché par sa mère au groupe libertin des Condé, Sade a revendiqué un isolisme physique, philosophique, un solipsisme moral, jusqu’à en faire un topos de la jouissance libertine, où l’autre n’est qu’un désobjet de plaisir. Entre idéalisation du père et haine de la mère, identification prestigieuse et sentiment d’abandon, de trahison allant jusqu’à la persécution, son narcissisme a donc été écartelé entre vie et mort. Soumis à une longue épreuve d’endurance en prison, ses pulsions sexuelles ont été contraintes à la sublimation, avec passage obligé de l’acte aux pensées et à l’écriture, mais ses écrits les plus obscènes témoignent d’une sublimation de mort, avec désobjectalisation, hyperactivité psychique dissociée de l’affect et érigée en un savoir tout-puissant sur la jouissance allant jusqu’à l’injonction.
Development and Countermovements. Reflections on the Conflicts Arising from the Commodification of Collective Land in Morocco
Authors: Berriane Yasmine
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyses the links between development and conflict in the context of the protest movements that have arisen in response to the increasing commodification of collective land in Morocco. The transfer of this land, a transfer accompanied by a discourse linking the economic development of collective land to human and social development promoted by the state, renders visible—by exacerbating them—the inequalities inherent in the land tenure system introduced in the colonial era. Among the many forms of inequality, those relating to women’s rights have become particularly important on the political scene thanks to action taken by a particular women’s protest movement. This movement has managed to forge status for itself as a legitimate protest movement and is also contributing to the (re)creation of social boundaries based on the rhetoric of autochthony and on the politicisation of social inequalities based on tribal affiliation.
A ‘Time’ to Act: The 2015–20 Development Plan for Greater Casablanca
Authors: Hachimi Alaoui Nadia
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines conflicts of development focusing on the 2015–20 Development Plan for Casablanca, which was the subject of a broad consultation process initiated and implemented by the Wali of Casablanca, the King of Morocco’s direct representative. The study highlights the competing visions, power relationships and struggles that led to the completion of a hundred or so development projects. Unlike studies on urban development in Morocco, which mainly focus on opposition and protest against development projects, or on engendered loyalties and alliances, this chapter highlights the tactical alliances and various mediations that helped define the development plan. This encourages us to understand the state not as a ‘referee’ but as an ‘arena’. The Casablanca development project represents a period when the balance of power and the competing forces at work in Morocco—the interconnected relations of state and society—could be brought up to date.
Interpreting Experiences of Students Using Online Technologies to Interact with Content in Blended Tertiary Environments
Authors: Tuapawa Kimberley
Published: May 2017

Through a phenomenological approach, this research aimed to make an interpretation of key stakeholders' EOT experiences, to establish their current EOT needs and challenges, and provide a basis from which to recommend methods for effective EOT support. It analysed a range of students' and teachers' EOT experiences, and then interpreted the meanings of these phenomena through an abstraction of local and global themes. The local themes developed a set of meanings that were specific to stakeholders' use of individual EOTs. This paper is the third in a series of six publications that presented the local themes. It documents the interpretations of students' EOT experiences with content, in reference to their use of six different EOTs: Learning management systems (LMS), an online library catalogue, lecture capture/web cast tools, wikis, online collaboration tools, and online video platforms. The interpretations also informed recommendations for the effective use of EOTs in student-to-content interactions to assist TEIs in their efforts to adapt to meet stakeholders' EOT needs.
Educational Online Technologies in Blended Tertiary Environments
Authors: Tuapawa Kimberley
Published: May 2017

Although educational online technologies (EOTs) present an extraordinary range of higher education opportunities, significant gaps in knowledge about their purpose and functionality may impede levels of adoption. As the demand for online learning grows, it is critical that tertiary education institutes (TEIs) address gaps in knowledge by developing their understandings of EOT applications. This paper aimed to identify, and describe the application of a range of EOTs popularly used in blended tertiary environments (BTEs). Through qualitatively designed semi-structured interviews with 13 blended learning experts from New Zealand, Australia and Canada, and a 5-step analyses of data, it verified the use of 35 different EOTs in BTEs, including Adobe Connect, Blackboard, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Their key characteristics were summarised using a multi-dimensional taxonomy, called the Pentexonomy, which synergised a range of perspectives into a robust, contextualised, and multi-dimensional framework for categorising EOTs. An outline of recommendations for the effective use of some of these EOTs was also provided. As EOTs advance and usage accelerates, the outcomes of this research will assist TEIs in their efforts to keep abreast of EOT developments, make informed choices about EOT use, and contribute to the delivery of relevant, meaningful EOT support.