bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Consumers’ Purchase Intention in Retailing Industry in Hong Kong?
Authors: Wong Anthony Tik-Tsuen
Published: October 2021

Hong Kong has been known as a shopping paradise that attracts tourists from all over the world. However, in recent years, the retailing industry in Hong Kong has fallen into dire straits and it will be facing more challenges in the future. Therefore this research aims to study the determinants affecting consumers’ purchase intention in the retailing industry in Hong Kong. There are five variables proposed. The independent variables include value-driven motive of CSR and perceived CSR. The dependent variable is purchase intentions. Corporate reputation and consumer trust are both independent and dependent variables. Quantitative research method was used. Data was collected in Hong Kong with convenience sampling method in collecting responses from all adults. Online questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale are distributed through social media. The questionnaire encompassing 22 items in measuring the five constructs in this research model, eventually, there are 249 effective responses applied in this research. Partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) shows that five out of six hypotheses are found to be supported except the hypothesis concerning the relationship between value-driven motive and purchase intention. The research reveals that there is a positive relationship between perceived CSR, corporate reputation, consumer trust with purchase intention. At the same time, perceived CSR is positively related to corporate reputation, and corporate reputation is positively related to consumer trust. The research gives a good theoretical framework to further research especially in CSR. For managerial issues, retail managers are recommended to identify and promote CSR activities that best reflect their particular product or service. This will ultimately benefit Hong Kong's retailing industry as a whole.
Queue Management Benchmark for Modelling Patients' Flow in Nigerian Public Hospitals
Authors: Anietie Peter Akpan, , Efiok Nsikan John,
Published: October 2021

Although queue management in hospitals is widely researched, little is known about the benchmark for modelling patients flow in terms of the optimal number of servers required for effective service delivery. This study applied the queuing theory to the Nigerian public hospitals by setting a benchmark for modelling patients flow. A mixture of survey and observation was adopted to garner data for 30 days from patients in six public hospitals in Nigeria. Data were subjected to performance analysis via the Temporary Ordered Routine Algorithm. The computed performance values were further compared with their acceptable benchmarks for multi-server queues through the General Purpose System Simulator. We found the queuing system in the select hospitals not in congruence with the system performance benchmark; the mean service rate in each facility was low compared to the mean arrival rate; and the simulated number of doctors for were below the modelled benchmark. Managerial implications of findings were discussed.
Re Mineralise the Demineralised: How Knowledgeable and Aware are our Dentists in Kashmir Related to this Minimally Invasive Technique
Authors: Sidiq Mohsin , Farooq Sana , Lone Nazia
Published: October 2021

The principles of minimal invasive dentistry clearly dictates the need for developing effective measures to remineralize the early enamel caries lesions.

Aim: The aim of the study was to access how knowledgeable and aware the dentist in Kashmir were related to the minimal invasive dentistry.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was done on 60 interns and junior residents of Government Dental College Srinagar who were prescribing medicines in the OPD.This survey was to assess how knowledgeable, aware the dentists are while prescribing the re mineralising agents and do they detect the incipient carious lesions early.

Results: 80% had observed a white spot lesion as a hypomineralization spot while examining the patient.67% of the dentists said that Fluoride based remineralising agents are the most easily available remineralising agent in the market.

Conclusion: Dental caries pathophysiology is not a simple continual cumulative loss of tooth minerals but also a dynamic process characterised by alternating periods of demineralization and re mineralisation and can be reversed by the application of various remineralising agents.
New Validated Method for the Estimation of Capecitabine and Docetaxel Using RP-UPLC
Authors: Devi Potturi. Rama , Rambabu Kantipudi
Published: October 2021

Aims: Study on degradation of Capecitabine and Docetaxel based on a new, validated method using UPLC.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between February 2021 and August 2021.

Methodology: With a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wave length of 255 nm, the proposed method successfully separated the target metabolite using a Symmetry C18 column (150 mm x 4.6mm,3.5 µm), acetonitrile, and 0.1 percent ortho phosphoric acid (OPA) as the mobile phase. The retention times for Capecitabine and Docetaxel were 1.223 minutes and 1.864 minutes, respectively. The isocratic chromatography procedure took about ten minutes to complete at room temperature.

Results: The analysis was completed in three minutes with a concentration range of 5-75 µg/mL capecitabine and 2-30 µg/mL docetaxel that was honest in linearity. The system's suitability parameters were examined mathematically, and the outcomes fell within acceptable ranges. Stages with regression coefficients of 0.999 were used in the linear analysis. Capecitabine's LOD and LOQ concentrations were 1.5 µg/mL and 5 µg/mL, respectively, while Docetaxel was 0.6 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL. 98-102% of the drug was recovered, which means the recovery was within acceptable limits.

Conclusion: The approach was found to be suitable for bulk and formulation analysis after the validation results were satisfactory. According to ICH guidelines, the recommended procedure was found to be justified.
Validated Capillary Zone Electrophoretic Determination of Avanafil and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in their Pure form and Pharmaceutical Preparation
Authors: Ali Mohamed B. , Talaat Wael , Omran Gamal A. , Hendawy Hassan A. M. , Morshedy Samir
Published: October 2021

Aims: In this study, a simple, green, and rapid capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) was applied for the analysis of avanafil (AVA) and dapoxetine hydrochloride (DAP) as a binary mixture using vardenafil (VAR) as an internal standard (IS) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation.

Methodology: The separation was done using fused silica capillary (58.5 cm total length, 50 cm effective length, and 50 μm internal diameter) and the running background electrolyte (BGE) was 100 mM acetate buffer at pH 3.6. During the separation process, the applied voltage was 30 KV, while the temperature was 25 °C. The sample injection was applied at a pressure of 50 mbar for 10 s, and detection was carried out at 210 nm for DAP and 248 nm for AVA and VAR.

Results: Analysis of the tested drugs and the internal standard was carried out in less than 6.5 min, where the migration times were 4.29, 4.90, and 6.02 min for IS, DAP and AVA respectively. The proposed method showed linearity in the concentration range 5-80 and 5-70 μg/mL with correlation coefficients 0.9996 and 0.9999 for AVA and DAP respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.523 and 0.531 for AVA and DAP respectively, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.585 and 1.608 in respective order.  The Peak purity and identity in the proposed method were validated by DAD.

Conclusion: The proposed CZE method was validated according to ICH guidelines and applied successfully for the estimation of AVA and DAP in their combined pharmaceutical preparation.
Pemanfaatan Sensor Suara sebagai Fitur On/Off Switch pada Engine Starter dan Power Tailgate Kendaraan
Authors: Siahaan Ian Hardianto , Vincent Kresna , Sutrisno Teng , Jonoadji Ninuk
Published: October 2021

Fitur otomotif mengalami perkembangan pesat secara berkelanjutan sebagai dampak perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0, khususnya dalam hal memudahkan pengoperasian fitur sebagai penunjang keselamatan maupun kenyamanan berkendara. Fitur yang dirancang dengan cara mengintegrasikan sensor suara untuk menyalakan dan mematikan engine starter dengan memanfaatkan car starter motor bawaan dari kendaraan itu sendiri. Selain itu ditambahkan juga fitur membuka dan menutup bagasi kendaraan sehingga bisa berfungsi secara otomatis. Operasional on/off switch untuk engine starter dan power tailgate menggunakan media internet eWeLink dan google home sebagai penghubung sensor suara dengan switch dan aktuator power tailgate secara wireless melalui perintah yang telah diprogramkan pada perangkat. Pada penelitian ini berhasil menyalakan atau mematikan engine starter berkisar 1 detik sedangkan untuk membuka dan menutup berkisar 1 menit. Namun, berdasarkan hasil diskusi pada pengujian bahwa waktu untuk membuka atau menutup power tailgate ini masih tergolong lama hal ini disebabkan pada saat eksisting pemilihan spesifikasi motor aktuator yang ada di pasaran belum mendapatkan requirement yang memadai meskipun dari sisi fungsional telah bekerja dengan baik.
Pharmacological Potential of Vinegar Tree Species: a study conducted by the scientific and technological prospecting techniques
Authors: Cavalcante Katiury Castro , Pinheiro Gladson Diniz , Pereira Álvaro Itaúna Schalcher , Lopes Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma , Santos Layane Bastos dos , Ribeiro Francisco Adelton Alves
Published: October 2021

This research aims to describe using techniques of scientific and technological forecasting information about the vegetable species Hibiscus sabdariffa L. present on the banks of national and international data evaluating its chemical aspects and pharmacological/medical applications. For this, searches were conducted in scientific data bases Web of Science and Scopus and patent banks: National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The bases studied, Scopus and WIPO were obtained which results in more number of publications and patents filed. Nigeria was the country that published on hibiscus in the 2007-2017 period, followed by India and Taiwan. China was the country with the highest number of registered patents, holding 53% of the results. Brazil has a low proportion in the number of deposits. Documents found in the WIPO classified into sections A and C of the IPC classification, with most of them included in subclass A61K (preparations for medical, dental or hygienic purposes).
Estudo Sobre Indicadores de Produção Científica Versus Produção Tecnológica na Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Authors: Motta Edione Magalhães , Pereira José Roberto Dias
Published: October 2021

Atualmente existem muitas discussões acerca da pesquisa científica e inovação e sobre como esses termos se interrelacionam dentro da universidade. Neste sentido, considerando-se que seja importante promover reflexões sobre mecanismos de apropriação do conhecimento produzido nas universidades para sua conversão em inovação para a sociedade, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção científica e tecnológica na Universidade Estadual de Maringá. A metodologia utilizada consistiu numa pesquisa documental em bases de dados científicas e bancos de patentes do portal de periódicos eletrônicos da Capes, considerando-se para as buscas o período de 2008-2018. Os resultados apontaram que existe um hiato entre produção tecnológica e produção científica, observando-se que o número de depósitos de pedidos de patentes está muito aquém do número de documentos científicos produzidos. Conclui-se que, apesar do arcabouço legal e dos incentivos à inovação, a universidade ainda apresenta uma cultura acadêmica de baixa proteção de suas invenções.
Inovação na Indústria de Transformação Brasileira: análise exploratória da série histórica dos dados da PINTEC
Authors: Duarte André Luís Faria
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo destacar alguns pontos considerados importantes na evolução da inovação na indústria de transformação no Brasil, a partir de dados da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC). O estudo tem caráter descritivo e exploratório e adotou pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, coletando dados secundários. A primeira parte da pesquisa explora os dados históricos da PINTEC relacionados à indústria de transformação, tendo como foco a evolução da taxa de inovação de produto e de processo. A segunda parte explora alguns dados da pesquisa de 2014, comparando-os com as de 2008 e 2011, relacionados às divisões da indústria de transformação que obtiveram as maiores taxas de inovação. A principal conclusão é a de que a indústria de transformação brasileira vinha, até 2008, inovando mais. Outra consideração é que as quatro divisões que apresentaram melhor desempenho na pesquisa de 2014 podem ser divididas em duas grandes áreas, chamadas de química/farmoquímica e eletro/eletrônicos.
NanoCMSer: a consensus molecular subtype stratification tool for fresh‐frozen and paraffin‐embedded colorectal cancer samples
Authors: Torang Arezo , van de Weerd Simone , Lammers Veerle , van Hooff Sander , van den Berg Inge , van den Bergh Saskia , Koopman Miriam , IJzermans Jan N. , Roodhart Jeanine M. L. , Koster Jan , Medema Jan Paul
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to cancer‐related mortality, emphasizing the need for advanced biomarkers to guide treatment. As part of an international consortium, we previously categorized CRCs into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1‐CMS4), showing promise for outcome prediction. To facilitate clinical integration of CMS classification in settings where formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples are routinely used, we developed NanoCMSer, a NanoString‐based CMS classifier using 55 genes. NanoCMSer achieved high accuracy rates, with 95% for fresh‐frozen samples from the MATCH cohort and 92% for FFPE samples from the CODE cohort, marking the highest reported accuracy for FFPE tissues to date. Additionally, it demonstrated 96% accuracy across a comprehensive collection of 23 RNAseq‐based datasets, compiled in this study, surpassing the performance of existing models. Classifying with only 55 genes, the CMS predictions were still biologically relevant, recognizing CMS‐specific biology upon enrichment analysis. Additionally, we observed substantial differences in recurrence‐free survival curves when comparing CMS2/3 patients in stage III versus II. Probability of recurrence after 5 years increased by 21% in CMS2 and 31% in CMS3 for patients in stage III, whereas this difference was less pronounced for CMS1 and CMS4, with 11% and 10%, respectively. We posit NanoCMSer as a robust tool for subtyping CRCs for both tumor biology and clinical practice, accessible via nanocmser r package (https://github.com/LEXORlab/NanoCMSer) and Shinyapp (https://atorang.shinyapps.io/NanoCMSer).
Directional Chiral Exciton Emission via Topological Polarization Singularities in all Van der Waals Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Yuefeng , Huang Di , Xia Meng , Zhou Jiaxin , Chen Yuhua , Liao Yinchang , Zhang Xingwang
Published: December 2024

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with strong exciton effects have enabled diverse light emitting devices, however, their Ångstrom thickness makes it challenging to efficiently manipulate exciton emission by themselves. Although their nanostructured multi‐layer counterparts can effectively manipulate optical field at deep subwavelength thickness scale, these indirect band gap multi‐layer TMDs are lack of strong luminescence, hindering their applications in light emitting devices. Here, the integration of monolayer TMDs is presented with nanostructured multi‐layer TMDs, combining both strong exciton emission and optical manipulation in a single ultra‐thin platform. Leveraging the topological polarization singularities in the all van der Waals metasurfaces, chiral exciton emission is experimentally demonstrated whose directionality can be controlled by tailoring metasurface's symmetry. These results provide an approach that can realize exciton emitting devices fully based on 2D materials with controllable polarization and directionality, and may unfold a new avenue for multi‐functional 2D semiconductor light sources.
Development and Applications of Polypyrrole‐Based Conductive Inks: An Overview
Authors: Meenakshy Suresh , Jesslyn John , Anas Saithalavi
Published: December 2024

Due to their flexibility, high conductivity, stability, monodispersity, and ease of processing; polypyrrole‐based conductive inks hold significant advancements in printing, biomedical and electronic applications. These inks enable innovative solutions in flexible electronics, wearable devices, sensors, and energy storage systems and also facilitate high‐quality printed films on various rigid and flexible substrates, supporting diverse applications from flexible circuits to smart textiles. Notably, in biomedicine, they exhibit excellent biocompatibility, and cell adhesion, aiding in tissue engineering and stem cell therapies. They serve as bioinks for 3D printing free‐standing scaffolds, showing potential for creating electrically active tissue constructs. Additionally, polypyrrole inks are crucial for developing highly specific and sensitive sensors for detecting gases, chemicals, and biological analytes and efficient energy storage devices like supercapacitors. As research progresses, these inks are pivotal in the future of lightweight, flexible, portable, and wearable electronic materials and devices. This review covers a general overview of various types of polypyrrole‐based conductive inks, highlighting their major applications and impacts.
Itraconazole Reversing Acquired Resistance to Osimertinib in NSCLC by Inhibiting the SHH/DUSP13B/p‐STAT3 Axis
Authors: Zheng Hongmei , Tang Yaoxiang , Zang Hongjing , Luo Jiadi , Zhou Hanqiong , Zhan Yuting , Zou Ying , Wen Qiuyuan , Ma Jian , Fan Songqing
Published: December 2024

There is an urgent necessity to devise efficient tactics to tackle the inevitable development of resistance to osimertinib, which is a third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor used in treating EGFR‐mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study demonstrates that combining itraconazole with osimertinib synergistically reduces the proliferation and migration, enhances the apoptosis of osimertinib‐resistant cells, and effectively inhibits the growth of osimertinib‐resistant tumors. Mechanistically, itraconazole combined with osimertinib promotes the proteasomal degradation of sonic hedgehog (SHH), resulting in inactivation of the SHH/Dual‐specificity phosphatase 13B (DUSP13B)/p‐STAT3 and Hedgehog pathways, suppressing Myc proto‐oncogene protein (c‐Myc). Additionally, DUSP13B interacts with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and modulates its phosphorylation. Interestingly, it is observed that SHH overexpression partially rescues the synergistic effects of this combination treatment strategy through the SHH/DUSP13B/p‐STAT3 signaling axis. Moreover, it is found that SHH, (GLI1), p‐STAT3, and DUSP13B play significant predictive roles in osimertinib resistance. In lung adenocarcinoma, p‐STAT3 is positively correlated with SHH but negatively correlated with DUSP13B. Together, these results highlight the crucial role of itraconazole in reversing the acquired resistance to osimertinib and provide a scientific rationale for the therapeutic strategy of combining osimertinib with itraconazole.
Circular‐Gate Nanoscale Air Channel Transistors: Achieving ultralow Subthreshold Swing and Working Voltage
Authors: Zhao Haiquan , Chen Feiliang , Wei Yazhou , Sun Lixin , Huang Ruihan , Wang Xiangdong , Yang Fan , Jiang Hao , Liu Yang , Li Mo , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2024

As electronics advance toward higher performance and adaptability in extreme environments, traditional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) face challenges due to physical constraints such as Boltzmann's law and short‐channel effects. Nanoscale air channel transistors (NACTs) present a promising alternative, leveraging their vacuum‐like channel and Fowler–Nordheim tunneling characteristics. In this study, a novel circular gate NACT (CG‐NACT) is purposed, fabricated on a 4‐inch silicon‐based wafer using a CMOS‐compatible process. By employing an innovative gate control mechanism, the transistors achieve an ultralow SS of only 0.15 mV dec−1 and maintain the average SS remained at 1.5 mV dec−1 over three decades of drain current. Additionally, our CG‐NACTs deliver milliamper‐level drain current at a low drain voltage of 0.7 V, with a maximum on/off ratio of 7.82×106. Notably, CG‐NACTs remain highly stable even at high temperatures of up to 150 °C and under irradiation. Furthermore, the practical application of CG‐NACTs is successfully implemented by designing an inverter circuit for the first time.
Room‐Temperature Processable Stretchable Conductive Composite Material for Electrical Interfacing in Stretchable Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Cho Duho , Jang Donggoo , Chae Changju , Kim Sun Hong , Kim Taesu , Lee Su Yeon , Park Jang‐Ung , Choi Youngmin , Jung Sungmook
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a novel Room‐Temperature Processable Stretchable Conductive Composite (RTPSC), uniquely combining room‐temperature processability, stretchability, and conductivity. Unlike traditional conductive materials requiring thermal or UV curing, which can damage heat‐sensitive components or cause substrate distortion, RTPSC uses a Styrene‐Butadiene‐Styrene (SBS) elastomer blended with silver conductive fillers and paraffin oil. This composition enables rapid solidification within five minutes at room temperature, mitigating thermal risks. Surface ligands on silver flakes are replaced with oleylamine, resulting in uniform silver distribution and enhanced resistance to acids, bases, and oxidation. The composite exhibits low contact resistance (0.1 Ω across 7.7 mm2) and maintains robust mechanical and electrical properties under extensive deformation, thanks to its high adhesion force (704.5 gF/25 mm). Notably, contact resistance change remains within 0.15 Ω even after 1800 cycles at 50% strain. RTPSC's viscosity can be finely tuned by adding solvents and secondary fluids, enabling various printing techniques from spray to omni‐directional printing. This adaptability allows intricate patterning on delicate structures via spray printing and versatile connections between stretchable electrodes and rigid components through omni‐directional printing. These capabilities provide extensive design flexibility and ease of repair, making RTPSC highly suitable for innovative development and maintenance of stretchable electronic devices.
Navigating immigrant paths: A case study of unaccompanied youth in foster care
Authors: García María Fernanda , Birman Dina
Published: December 2024

Understanding the experiences of unaccompanied youths in refugee foster care is important to tailor such systems to support the complex needs and desires of these youth. This instrumental case study sought to understand how a cohort of unaccompanied refugee youth experience refugee foster care as they navigate the “in‐betweenness” of adolescence. Eight youth (ages 17–21) from Guatemala and Honduras, nine foster parents, and two staff were interviewed. A constructivist grounded theory analytic approach was implemented, which resulted in a substantive theory, Growing up to be independent but alone: Navigating tension between paths. This tension results from youth being pulled to adult and child‐like paths by different forces. As youth come of age in the United States, they are expected to fulfill the US vision of adulthood by becoming independent and self‐sufficient. However, definitions of adulthood in their cultures of origin involve interdependence and the responsibility to provide for their families. They experience the pressure to become independent as being alone. Findings underscore the need for comprehensive support systems tailored to address the unique challenges faced by unaccompanied youth during their complex migration journey and transition into independence.
Using community organizing to build a system of care: A mixed methods evaluation
Authors: Santiago Catherine DeCarlo , Biggs Jessica , Serrano Jasmine , Rompala Vikki , Bustos Yvita , Jolie Sarah
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to utilize mixed methods to evaluate the initial implementation of a system of care (SOC) developed and implemented from a community organizing framework. Surveys were conducted with partners (navigators, community partners, parents) to examine changes pre‐ and post‐implementation of the SOC. Surveys assessed care coordination, effectiveness of communication across organizations, quality of services and relationships, barriers, health‐related stressors, and distrust. Surveys were conducted at baseline and follow‐up approximately 1 year later. At baseline, 160 parents and 40 community partners completed surveys. At follow‐up, 125 parents and 33 community partners participated. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with participating community‐based organization staff (n = 10), community navigators (n = 13), school staff (n = 10), and recipients of services (n = 13). Parent surveys suggested promising improvements in care coordination, communication, and quality of services. These results were supported by qualitative themes describing increased communication, care coordination, relationships, and access to services driven by community navigators. Despite these encouraging findings, surveys completed by community partners did not reveal significant changes. Findings must also be understood within the context of COVID‐19.
Frugality is the new sexy
Authors: Drolet Aimee , Silamahakul Jaijai , Sood Sanjay , Davis Cassandra D.
Published: December 2024

The overarching goal of this article is to spur fresh interest in the topic of frugality and new empirical research on it. To do so, this article presents a series of research propositions that are based on the discussions provided in each section. In particular, the second section of this article reviews philosophical and religious accounts of the concept of frugality. The third and fourth sections focus on consumer psychological research on dispositional frugality. The sixth section reflects on two popular consumer lifestyles, miserliness and simple living, that require certain frugal behaviors but are inspired by non‐frugal values. The seventh section links both frugal and non‐frugal values to two sociological variables: generational cohort and social class. Last, the eighth and ninth sections review new obstacles that consumers face in today's marketplace and how consumers can practice frugality in spite of them.
Mucoadhesive Enhancement of Gelatine by Tannic Acid Crosslinking for Buccal Application
Authors: Ahmady Amina , Anuar Nor Khaizan , Ariffin Siti Alwani , Abu Samah Nor Hayati
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of formulation parameters on tannic acid‐crosslinked gelatine (GelTA) films, intended as a mucoadhesive matrix for extended buccal drug delivery. GelTA films were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique and screened based on their mucoadhesive and dissolution characteristics. The formulation variables included the source of gelatine (bovine and fish), tannic acid concentration, pH of the film‐forming solutions, and the type and concentration of plasticisers. Subsequently, selected films underwent further characterisation (e.g., crosslinking density, stability) to elucidate their features as a drug delivery matrix. GelTA films exhibited a significantly improved dissolution time compared to the non‐crosslinked film (BG‐GLY20), while maintaining a substantial water uptake capacity conducive to a matrix system with extended action. The bovine GelTA film containing 5% w/w tannic acid and 20% w/w glycerine, prepared at pH 7 (BG‐GLY20‐7), exhibited a 1.6‐fold increase in mucoadhesivity and an extended dissolution time of up to 6 h compared to BG‐GLY20 (control), along with superior antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, stability studies indicate the need for an oxygen‐free environment for film storage. In conclusion, GelTA films show promise as a buccal film matrix, offering extended dissolution times, substantial water uptake, and enhanced adhesive strength.
Highly Efficient and Stable Potassium‐Doped g‐C3N4/Zn0.5Cd0.5S Quantum Dot Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ye Chenxi , Guo Peiyuan , Chen Xiya , Zhang Zining , Guo Yudong , Chen Zhenjun , Yang Huakang , Luo Dongxiang , Liu Xiao
Published: December 2024

The advancement of efficient and robust photocatalysts for water splitting is pivotal for the sustainable production of clean hydrogen energy. This study introduces a novel photocatalyst, synthesized by integrating 0D Zn0.5Cd0.5S quantum dots (ZCS QDs) onto 2D K+‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (K‐CN) microribbons, via an in‐situ hydrothermal growth method. A comprehensive characterization was performed to assess the optical characteristics, structural attributes, and charge transfer efficacy of the prepared photocatalysts. Our findings reveal that the incorporation of K+ ions effectively modulates the bandgap and valence band positions of g‐C3N4, facilitating an optimal energy level alignment with ZCS QDs. Moreover, the integration of ZCS QDs improves the photon capture ability and concurrently diminishes the recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. The optimized ZCS 51%/K‐CN photocatalyst demonstrates a promising simulated sunlight‐driven hydrogen production rate of 9.606 mmol·h−1·g−1, surpassing that of pristine ZCS QDs by nearly three times, without the need for noble metal co‐catalysts. Most notably, the photocatalyst maintains its hydrogen evolution performance consistently over five photocatalytic cycles, underscoring its stability. The remarkable photocatalytic activity is primarily ascribed to the formation of a type‐II heterojunction between K‐CN and ZCS QDs, which enhances charge separation and transfer. This research represents a significant step forward in the design of heterojunction photocatalysts by merging QDs with g‐C3N4, offering a highly effective and durable solution for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Electronic Buffering Mechanism Enhances Stability and Water Oxidation Efficiency of CeO2@NiFe‐LDH
Authors: Shi Junyu , Wang Dandan , Liang Yun , Xu Qunjie , Li Qiaoxia
Published: December 2024

Nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide shows significant promise as an electrocatalyst in facilitating oxygen evolution reactions. But its development is hindered by low conductivity and insufficient cycling stability. Herein, the synthesis of a hierarchically structured heterostructure catalyst, CeO2@NiFe LDH, is reported through a straightforward two‐step process involving hydrothermal treatment. The catalyst realizes a significant breakthrough in OER catalytic performance and stability. At a current density of 100 mA cm−2, the overpotentials amount to 255 mV in 1 M KOH, 263 mV in simulated seawater with alkaline conditions, and 346 mV in actual alkaline seawater. After 200 hours of continuous operation under high current density in simulated alkaline seawater, the morphology with no significant alterations observed, highlighting its high stability in complex seawater environments. Introducing CeO2 optimizes the binding energy of the OH intermediate, which facilitates the formation and dissociation of the OOH intermediate. In situ Raman analysis demonstrates the positive impact of CeO2 on the generation of active species. This research emphasizes the efficacy of CeO2 in improving the performance and durability of NiFe LDH for oxygen evolution reactions.
Domestic Lentil Production in Bangladesh Is More Advantageous Than Using Overseas Imports
Authors: Sultana Monira , Kazal Mohammad Mizanul Haque , Jalil Gazi M. A. , Shetu Jannatul Ferdous , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rouf , Sujan Md. Hayder Khan
Published: December 2024

Lentils (Lens culinaris), often referred to as the “meat of the poor,” are essential for ensuring food and nutrition security worldwide, including in Bangladesh. Despite being a staple food, Bangladesh remains heavily dependent on lentil imports to meet domestic demand. However, comprehensive economic analyses comparing domestic lentil production with imports are scarce. This study fills a critical research gap by providing evidence‐based insights into the financial and economic advantages of domestic lentil production over overseas imports, using primary data collected from 196 farmers in central Bangladesh between March and April 2022. The financial profitability analysis revealed a total cost of USD 979.13/ha, generating a net profit of USD 423.55/ha and yielding a benefit–cost ratio of 1.43. However, the economic profitability analysis indicated a lower total cost of USD 692.00/ha, with a net profit of USD 119.37/ha and a benefit–cost ratio of 1.17. Domestic resource cost analysis revealed that local farmers enjoyed a comparative advantage in lentil production. Similarly, the constructed policy analysis matrix (PAM) demonstrated that, at import parity prices, revenue transfers were positive, affirming the economic viability of domestic lentil production. The estimated indicators—including the nominal protection coefficient on output, nominal protection coefficient on input, effective protection coefficient, and private cost ratio—suggest that existing policies effectively safeguard the interests of domestic farmers. To capitalize on this comparative advantage, measures should be implemented to encourage farmers to expand lentil cultivation. Additionally, further research is essential to develop and integrate improved short‐duration lentil varieties within the prevailing rice‐dominated cropping patterns.
Microglial Depletion, a New Tool in Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Comparison of Pharmacological Inhibitors of the CSF‐1R
Authors: Guenoun David , Blaise Nathan , Sellam Alexandre , Roupret‐Serzec Julie , Jacquens Alice , Steenwinckel Juliette Van , Gressens Pierre , Bokobza Cindy
Published: December 2024

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, and their pro‐inflammatory activation in the onset of many neurological diseases. Microglial proliferation, differentiation, and survival are highly dependent on the CSF‐1 signaling pathway, which can be pharmacologically modulated by inhibiting its receptor, CSF‐1R. Pharmacological inhibition of CSF‐1R leads to an almost complete microglial depletion whereas treatment arrest allows for subsequent repopulation. Microglial depletion has shown promising results in many animal models of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis) where transitory microglial depletion reduced neuroinflammation and improved behavioral test results. In this review, we will focus on the comparison of three different pharmacological CSF‐1R inhibitors (PLX3397, PLX5622, and GW2580) regarding microglial depletion. We will also highlight the promising results obtained by microglial depletion strategies in adult models of neurological disorders and argue they could also prove promising in neurodevelopmental diseases associated with microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Finally, we will discuss the lack of knowledge about the effects of these strategies on neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in adults and during neurodevelopment.
Health Expenditure, Governance Quality, and Health Outcomes in West African Countries
Authors: Kouadio Michael , Njong Mom Aloysius
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the role of governance quality on the effect of health expenditure on health outcomes captured by life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, under‐five mortality, crude mortality and maternal mortality rates in West African Countries. Although these countries have made significant efforts to increase health expenditure over the years, health outcomes have only responded marginally in West African Countries, raising concerns about the importance of health expenditure in improving health outcomes. This study analyses the relationship between the role of governance and health expenditure and health outcomes using the feasible generalised least squares estimation techniques. The data for the study were sourced from the World Development Indicators and World Governance Indicators for the 15 West African countries from 1996 to 2022. The findings indicate that improving the governance composite index improves selected health outcomes in West African Countries. Furthermore, improving the interaction term between the composite index of governance and health expenditure improves health outcomes in West Africa. Therefore, the study recommends that governments make conscious efforts to allocate more resources to the health sector to improve health outcomes; and fully implement universal healthcare coverage (UHC) as the Côte d’Ivoire government in 2012 to alleviate high poverty levels and health expenses for people. Also, to improve public funds' efficiency and effectiveness and achieve better health outcomes, it is imperative to implement national policies on the institutional environment, and consistently improve governance issues plaguing the health sector. Increasing the salaries of public health workers could help to curb corruption and income inequality and improve their living and working conditions. Doing so will enable the West African countries to achieve health goals and agenda, as outlined in the SDGs.
The Isotopic Biases of Plant Stems Bulk Water From Different Water Sources by Cryogenic Vacuum Distillation Demonstrated Through Rehydration Experiments
Authors: Zhao Pei
Published: December 2024

Recent studies have suggested that cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) may cause the deuterium depletion of plant stem water. To assess the prevalence of this phenomenon, the stem rehydration experiments using four different water sources were conducted. The results showed that deuterium in the CVD extracts from 12 plant species was significantly depleted compared to the reference water. In addition, the CVD system also caused δ18O bias of plant water. Z‐score analysis indicated that all isotopic values of plant samples extracted by CVD were questionable or unacceptable due to δ2H bias. The significant relationship between stem relative water content (SRWC) and δ2H bias was found across various water sources for plants. However, correcting the δ2H bias cannot be achieved using a fixed bias value and measurement of only SRWC considering the source water effect. The δ18O bias from CVD can be corrected by measuring RWC. Future studies should account for multiple factors when correcting the δ2H bias in plant xylem water extraction using CVD.
Conductive Microfibers Improve Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiac Spheroid Maturation
Authors: Gonzalez Gisselle , Molley Thomas G. , LaMontagne Erin , Balayan Alis , Holman Alyssa R. , Engler Adam J.
Published: December 2024

Conventional two‐dimensional (2D) cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols create cells with limited maturity, which impairs their predictive capacity and has driven interest in three‐dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissue models of varying maturity and scalability. Cardiac spheroids are attractive high‐throughput models that have demonstrated improved functional and transcriptional maturity over conventional 2D differentiations. However, these 3D models still tend to have limited contractile and electrical maturity compared to highly engineered cardiac tissues; hence, we incorporated a library of conductive polymer microfibers in cardiac spheroids to determine if fiber properties could accelerate maturation. Conductive microfibers improved contractility parameters of cardiac spheroids over time versus nonconductive fibers, specifically, when they were short, for example, 5 μm, and when there was moderate fiber mass per spheroid, for example, 20 μg. Spheroids with optimal conductive microfiber length and concentration developed a thicker ring‐like perimeter and a less compacted cavity, improving their contractile work compared to control cardiac spheroids. Functional improvements correlated with increased expression of contractility and calcium handling‐related cardiac proteins, as well as improved calcium handling abilities and drug response. Taken together, these data suggest that conductive microfibers can improve cardiac spheroid performance to improve cardiac disease modeling.
Investigation of Antibiotic‐Releasing Biodegradable Composite Bone Cements for Treating Experimental Chronic Maxillofacial Bone Infection
Authors: Mistry Surajit , Roy Subhasis , Bhowmick Debarati , Mistry Shuvojit , Chakraborty Jui , Roy Rajiv , Das Indrasri
Published: December 2024

Chronic osteomyelitis of the maxillofacial bones (i.e., jaw bones) is a persistent infection that requires effective treatment. Because systemic antibiotics seldom reach necrotic areas to remove bone infection, local antibiotic carriers such as antibiotic‐loaded bone cement can be tried. It is critical to assess the biosafety and efficacy of two new antibiotic‐loaded biodegradable composite bone cements for treating chronic mandibular osteomyelitis, and their drug eluting efficiency and other relevant aspects prior to clinical trial. The physico‐mechanical properties, and drug release capacity of the cements were determined to be suitable for in vivo application. After inducing chronic osteomyelitis with Staphylococcal strains in 30 female rabbit mandibles, bioactive glass composite cement (0.5 g) and biphasic calcium phosphate composite cement (0.5 g) were implanted in 18 defects (nine/test group) for 84 days to compare the therapeutic efficacy with traditional therapy (control, debridement plus antibiotics in nine defects) using microscopic, micrographic, and radiological examination. Antibiotic concentrations in bone (vancomycin: 34.7–53.2 μg/g, tobramycin: 2.1–2.87 μg/g) after 21 days of installation for both cements were sufficient to eradicate pathogens without causing adverse events. In vivo tests suggest that cement groups outperformed (p < 0.05) traditional therapy in terms of infection clearance and osteoconduction. The gross histologic and micrographic scores of biphasic calcium phosphate composite cement (10.33 ± 0.58 and 8.33 ± 1.53, respectively) indicated that the cement barely surpassed (p > 0.05) the other composite cement (12.67 ± 1.53 and 10.0 ± 1.0, respectively). These findings emphasize the potential of antibiotic loaded composite cements as an effective treatment option for chronic maxillofacial osteomyelitis, offering a safer and more efficient alternative to traditional therapy.
Role of amino acid substitutions on proteolytic stability of histatin 5 in the presence of secreted aspartyl proteases and salivary proteases
Authors: Makambi Wright K. , Chiu Victoria L. , Kasper Lydia , Hube Bernhard , Karlsson Amy J.
Published: December 2024

Histatin 5 (Hst5) is a 24‐amino‐acid peptide naturally present in human saliva that has been proposed as a potential antifungal therapeutic. However, Hst5 is susceptible to degradation by secreted aspartyl proteases (Saps) produced by Candida albicans, which could limit its efficacy as a therapeutic. To better understand the role of the lysine residues of Hst5 in proteolysis by C. albicans Saps (Sap1, Sap2, Sap3, Sap5, Sap6, Sap9, and Sap10), we studied variants of Hst5 with substitutions to leucine or arginine at the lysine residues (K5, K11, K13, and K17). Sap5, Sap6, and Sap10 did not degrade Hst5 or the variants. However, we observed degradation of the peptides by Sap1, Sap2, Sap3, and Sap9, and the degradation depended on the site of substitution and the substituent residue. Some modifications, such as K11L and K13L, were particularly susceptible to proteolysis by Sap1, Sap2, Sap3, and Sap9. In contrast, the K17L modification substantially increased the stability and antifungal activity of Hst5 in the presence of Saps. We used mass spectrometry to characterize the proteolysis products, which allowed us to identify fragments likely to have maintained or lost antifungal activity. We also evaluated the proteolytic stability of the Hst5 variants in saliva. Both K17L and K5R showed improved stability; however, the enhancements were modest, suggesting that further engineering is required to achieve significant improvements. Our approach demonstrates the potential of simple, rational substitutions to enhance peptide efficacy and proteolytic stability, providing a promising strategy for improving the properties of antifungal peptides.
Exploring Anticancer Potential of Furopyrano[3,4‐b]Indole via Graphene Oxide‐Catalyzed Aqueous Synthesis
Authors: Hussain Mohammad Zahid , Myrsing Efficiency , Mouli H. M. Chandra , Dey Krishnandu , Khajuria Salil , Paul Amit Kumar , Sahu Abhishek , Jana Anupam
Published: December 2024

A novel graphene oxide‐catalyzed two‐component cascade reaction in an aqueous medium has been developed to synthesize indole‐fused furopyran derivatives, overcoming significant challenges in aqueous organic reactions to advance eco‐friendly chemical processes. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were conducted to clarify the mechanism and to understand the role of temperature in forming our desired kinetic controlled product (KCP). Using a pharmacophore hybrid approach, a series of indole‐fused furopyran derivatives were designed and molecular docking was performed to assess their binding affinities toward target proteins in liver and breast cancer. The derivatives exhibited strong affinities, particularly towards the 4FA6 and 1U72 proteins, driven by hydrogen bonding interactions with specific amino acid residues. Ten best derivatives which showed strong binding affinities and favorable docking scores, were synthesized using the two‐component cascade reaction in an aqueous medium and tested for in vitro activity against liver and breast cancer cells. These derivatives showed notable antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines, with promising IC50 values against breast and hepatocellular carcinoma, highlighting its potential as an anticancer drug candidate. The most potent compounds, 4d and 4f, demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 42.36 µM and 35.69 µM, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the anti‐cancer activity of indole‐fused furopyran derivatives is being investigated for the first time for potential therapeutic development in combating these challenging diseases.
Recent Advances in Selective Chemical Etching of Nanomaterials for High‐Performance Electrodes in Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Campbell Eric , Brown Alex , Nguyen Huynh Tam Minh , He Kelin , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Zhong Yu Lin
Published: December 2024

To move beyond an energy economy dominated by fossil fuel utilization, high‐performance electrochemical cells must be designed for energy storage and conversion. Selective etching is a promising, cost‐effective solution‐processing method for the large‐scale top‐down production of nanomaterials for high‐performance electrodes. This review outlines general methodologies and mechanisms by which selective etching can be applied to create nanomaterials, including various template‐assisted, facet‐selective, and electrochemical methods, as well as in‐depth case studies of state‐of‐the‐art research involving selectively etched nanomaterials for electrocatalytic and energy storage applications. In addition, the standard design strategies by which the electrochemical performance of selectively etched nanomaterials is enhanced, including increased surface area, morphology, diffusion channels, heterojunction interfaces, and facet reactivity, are discussed. This review provides a foundation of knowledge for researchers seeking the rational design of nanomaterials for electrode application through selective etching.