bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allergic reactions to midazolam: A case series from an Italian allergy unit
Authors: Nucera Eleonora , Parrinello Giuseppe , Buonomo Alessandro , Aruanno Arianna , Rizzi Angela
Published: July 2021

Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine with central nervous system depressing action, commonly used for conscious sedation for various procedures and for its pharmacologic properties. In literature, severe adverse reactions to this drug are described, but only in few cases positive allergological tests were demonstrated. The authors collected herein five clinical cases of different allergic reactions to midazolam demonstrated by positive skin tests. The 1° case is a suspected Kounis syndrome with cardiorespiratory arrest during an elective video laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The 2° and 5° cases are two systemic reactions with involvement of the skin and the gastrointestinal/respiratory system during elective surgeries in two patients with clinical history of atopia, while the 3° and 4° cases are local skin reactions in correspondence with the infusion site of midazolam during the execution of a colonoscopy. All the patients performed a complete allergological evaluation for the reaction involved drugs. In all cases, only the intradermal test (IDT) with midazolam at 0.5 mg/mL was positive.Allergological tests performed in 10 healthy controls with negative results supported the diagnosis. Therefore, midazolam is often considered a safe drug, because it does not have any active metabolites, in rare cases, it could cause different types of allergic adverse reactions: from severe anaphylaxis with cardiorespiratory arrest to simple local skin reactions. Skin tests remain the first line in the diagnosis of an immediate-type hypersensitivity to midazolam; even if they could lose in sensitivity with increasing latency from the event. However the concentrations recommended by current guidelines of European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) drug allergy interest groups might not rule out some false-positive reactions due to an irritant effect that should be considered. In doubt cases, other allergological or laboratory tests (i.e., basophil activation tests, serum tryptase, or provocation tests) remain useful to support the diagnosis of an IgE-mediated reaction. Midazolam associated anaphylaxis is relatively rare and the risk factors associated with this event are actually unknown; however, it remains important to obtain a detailed allergic history and each surgical/endoscopic examination unit should be prepared to handle any situation or emergency that may occur.
Possible presence of undiagnosed asthma in children in Japan
Authors: Yagi Yuichiro , Kuzume Kazuyo , Kumagai Hideki
Published: July 2021

Background: Asthma diagnosis in children is occasionally challenging, and the issue of undiagnosed asthma before adolescence has been poorly studied in Japan. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible presence of undiagnosed asthma in the general population of children living in a rural area of Japan.Methods: The participants comprised 120 fourth graders aged 9–10 years (boys/girls: 63/57) attending five elementary schools in Yawatahama, Ehime, Japan. All the children underwent respiratory function tests and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements. Based on the results of a questionnaire, the children were also categorized into groups depending on their allergic diseases.The authors assessed the results of both the respiratory function tests and the FeNO measurements for children who were classified into the nonallergic group.Results: A total of 76 (63%) children, who completed the tests appropriately, were included in the analysis. According to the report, among the 24 children in the nonallergic group, six (25%) showed abnormalities in respiratory tests. One had an abnormal % forced vital capacity (%FVC; <80%), three had abnormalities in both forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)/FVC (<80%) and % maximal mid-expiratory flow (<65%), three had concave flow–volume curves, and one had a high FeNO measurement (41 ppb).Conclusion: A certain proportion of Japanese elementary school children, categorized as having no allergy, showed respiratory function test abnormalities. A follow-up study is needed to determine the prognosis and outcomes of the children with these abnormalities.
The first step of application of water quality index (WQI) to assessment of sea water quality in the Gulf of Tonkin in 2018
Authors: Nam Le Van , Thanh Tran Duc , Thao Nguyen Van , Nhon Dang Hoai , Sinh Le Xuan , Trang Cao Thi Thu , Nghi Duong Thanh , Kha Pham Tha , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: July 2021

The study to calculate the water quality index was conducted in the Gulf of Tonkin at the surface water in August 2018. The calculation results showed that out of 48 surveyed points, there was 1 point in the Northeast area at poor water quality, 15 points in the Northeast and coastal areas from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue at medium water quality, 14 points in the Gulf of Tonkin, Northeast and Con Co Island at good water quality, the remaining 18 points in the Gulf of Tonkin and Bach Long Vi Island at excellent water quality. Overall, the average water quality of the whole region was good (average WQI = 79). Considering each area, the Gulf of Tonkin area had good and excellent water quality, the Northeast had water quality from poor to good level, the coastal areas from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue had medium water quality, Con Co Island area had good water quality, Bach Long Vi Island area had excellent water quality.
An Interview with Dr. Dag Körlin
Authors: Shum Wei Wah Angela
Published: July 2021

For many years, Dr. Körlin, a well-known practitioner and primary trainer of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) has been developing the practice of Music Breathing (MB) as an adaptation of GIM. A semi-structured interview was conducted in English to deepen the learning experience from the MB training with him. The first part of Dr. Körlin’s comprehensive training program for MB was started in 2019, and since then more and more GIM therapists have been encouraged to practice MB clinically. A brief description of stages in MB, rationales behind this development and other innovators in adapting GIM techniques specific for psychiatric population are reviewed. Following the content of the interview transcript, the author will identify key merits of this technique and provide a web link to a short video clip for the purpose of promoting MB to clinicians and the general public. In conclusion, MB is a useful asset for music therapists.
Report on the Current State of Practice and Training of Music Therapists Working With Adolescents
Authors: McFerran Katrina Skewes , Fedrigo Giulia , Wölfl Andreas
Published: July 2021

The practice of music therapy with adolescents is growing around the globe and there is increased recognition that young people have particular needs. In this report, we share information received from 247 music therapists about training about and practice with adolescents that was collected in 2016–2017. The music therapists were from 25 countries and had the option of answering questions in three languages—English (n = 114), German (n = 97) and Italian (n = 36). The most common workplaces were hospitals and schools with young people who have disabilities and mental health challenges. Answers also suggest that employment patterns in the field are slightly different to other colleagues who work with similar adolescents, and although ongoing work is available, the number of hours are not high overall. The information gathered provides a picture of how university programs around the globe emphasise the importance of emotional and social needs of adolescents, and the value of developmental and humanistic approaches to practice in a range of contexts. There was less reference to contemporary theories or practices and more emphasis on traditional practices that are similar to those used with adults. This suggests that the field may still be evolving in relation to adolescent approaches to practice, and the time for rebellion against dominant traditions of practice and theorising may be still to come. In the meantime, there is remarkable consistency across the countries surveyed and solid foundations have been laid for competent music therapy practice with young people.
Music Technology Tools – A Therapist-in-a-box?
Authors: Jonassen Kjetil Høyer
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion of technology in music therapy and public health, focusing on the human–computer interaction and the cocreation of mental health. Foundational theory explaining the possible therapeutic dynamics that can occur when engaged in digital technology is presented, along with two case vignettes that illustrate how adolescents interact with digital music technology to promote mental health and wellbeing. The discussion includes reflections concerning actor-network theory, agency, and affordance-theory, and it argues that the iPad should be considered a valuable co-agent in the agent-network functioning to promote adolescents’ mental health.
Unheard Voices and the Music of Resistance
Authors: Eslava-Mejia Juanita
Published: July 2021

This commentary addresses the current social turmoil in Colombia, the role of music in protest, and the actions of the music therapy community in response to the situation.
COVID-19 Krizi’nin Türkiye ve G7 Ülkelerinin Borsa Oynaklıkları Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ATICI USTALAR Sinem , ŞANLISOY Selim
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 virüsü başlangıçta bir sağlık krizi olarak ortaya çıkmış fakat kısa sürede bir ekonomik ve finansal krize dönüşmüştür. Salgın, ülke ekonomilerini COVID-19 vaka sayıları ile doğru orantılı bir şekilde etkilemiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 vaka sayılarının yüksek olduğu ve ekonomik olarak güçlü olan G7 ülkeleri ve Türkiye için COVID-19 krizinin bu ülkelerin hisse senedi piyasalarının oynaklıkları üzerindeki etkisini sınamaktır. EGARCH(1,1) modeli ile gerçekleştirilen analiz 11 Mart 2020/ 15 Ocak 2021 tarihlerini kapsamaktadır. Model sonuçlarına göre COVID-19 krizi Fransa, Japonya, Kanada ve Türkiye’nin hisse senedi piyasalarının oynaklıklarını arttırmaktadır.
Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeyinin Sosyal Sermaye, Ekonomik Değer Algısı ve Politik Kültürle Karmaşık İlişkisi: Bulanık Küme Nitel Karşılaştırmalı Analiz
Authors: AŞKUN Volkan , ÇİZEL Rabia , ÇİZEL Beykan
Published: July 2021

Çalışmada ülkelerin sosyal sermaye, ekonomik değer algısı ve politik kültür ile inovasyon düzeyi bağlantısı karmaşık uyarlanabilir sistem bakış açısıyla ve nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Dünya Değerler Anketi, Avrupa Değerler Anketi, Küresel İnovasyon Endeksinden alınan ikincil veriler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, ülkelerde genel güvenin, kurumlara güvenin, normların, ekonomik değer algısının ve politik kültürün farklı konfigürasyonlarda inovasyonu etkilediği ve bu koşullardan herhangi ikisinin aynı anda az olmasının ise olumsuz etki yarattığı göstermektedir. İnovasyonu oluşturan konfigürasyonlarda bireyci ülkeler ile kolektivist ülkeler arasında farklılıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, karmaşık uyarlanabilir bir sistem olan inovasyon hakkında yapılacak araştırmalara da yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırabilir.
Cultural Trauma and the Song of Moses (Deut 32)
Authors: Markl Dominik
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT The Song of Moses blames Israel for the idolatry that caused divine wrath and led to the people's near annihilation by their enemies. This article analyses the Song's structure and dynamics, its rhetoric of blaming and shaming, and its literary context within the book of Deuteronomy before re-evaluating the Song's message through the lens of psychological and sociological trauma theory. Psychological research on the relation between trauma and feelings of guilt and shame helps us to understand the divine message of blaming and shaming as an externalised transformation of self-blame. Through the lens of the sociological concept of cultural trauma, the Song can be seen as an intellectual 'working through' of past collective suffering that marks the community's identity for the future. Keywords: Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32), Book of Deuteronomy, Trauma studies, Cultural trauma, Collective identity
Understanding Wisdom in the Old Testament through Its Akan (Ghana) Parallels: Linkages and Disconnections
Authors: Antwi Emmanuel K. E. , Adjei Isaac F. , Asuming Joseph K.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Explaining and interpreting biblical concepts in different cultures without due regard to the cultures of the biblical world have some challenges. When caution is not taken, one stands a chance of imposing one's cultural worldview on the biblical text. Understanding of the concepts in one's culture could be useful in helping him or her grasp the meanings of the biblical concepts. This paper delves into wisdom in the OT and that of the Akan of Ghana, analysing critically the connotations of the concept, sources and acquisition of wisdom in the OT vis-à-vis those of the Akan ethnic groups of Ghana. Through a comparative analysis, it attempts to describe how the OT concept of wisdom could be understood with the help of its parallels in Akan, regardless of their disconnections. It discovers that the Akan concept of wisdom can be of help in the interpretation of wisdom in the OT, but it cannot fully explain it. The paper pinpoints one of the challenges that interpreters are likely to encounter in the use of reader-centred approaches of biblical hermeneutics. Keywords: Wisdom, Israel, Old Testament, Wisdom Literature, Akan, Culture.
"A Good Name Is Better than Wealth" in Proverbs 22:1 vis-à-vis the Related Igbo Maxim "Ezi Afa Ka Ego" (Integrity Surpasses Wealth)
Authors: Odo Damian O. , Uwaegbute Kingsley I. , Eze Virginus U.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT This article studies Proverbs 22:1 in relation to the Igbo maxim, 'Ezi afa ka ego' (Integrity surpasses wealth). The poet of Proverbs 22:1 claims that integrity surpasses wealth and then admonishes people to embrace virtues and shun vices. It is sad to observe that in the Igbo society of Nigeria, some citizens presently engage in ritual killings, human trafficking, prostitution and other vices in the quest to acquire wealth. Against this backdrop, this essay analysed Proverbs 22:1 vis-a-vis the Igbo proverb, ' Ezi afa ka ego.' The methodology adopted by the researchers is literary analysis, which is a synchronic approach that studies a biblical text as it appears in its final shape. The researchers employed a random sampling technique to interview seven knowledgeable Igbo people orally to examine the meaning of 'Ezi afa ka ego' in the Igbo context. The study affirmed that modernism has negatively affected the Igbo's cherished value of integrity. This study charges those that engage in iniquity in order to acquire wealth to eschew such practices because a good name surpasses wealth. Keywords: Proverbs 22:1, Good name, Integrity, Ezi afa ka ego, Igbo aphorism
Public and Private on a Social Media Profile through the Lens of Sandra Petronio’s Theory
Authors:   Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Sapon Irina
Published: July 2021

A profile on a social network site (SNS) containing the user’s personal information qualifies as both a personal and public space, which raises the problem of delineating, what is private and what is public in this virtual domain. The paper attempts to identify privacy boundaries in the social media environment and the actual ownership of personal information disclosed on users’ profiles. The stated problem is considered through the lens of Communication Privacy Management theory, an influential approach to the study of privacy in the online environment proposed by Sandra Petronio. The terms and concepts of the theory are applied to analyze the peculiarities of privacy management of the user’s personal information on the pages of the social network VKontakte (i.e. in the context of ‘one-to-many’ communication). The peculiarities noted are as follows: the presence of social media administration as a co-owner of the data (i.e. the user is not granted exclusive ownership of their personal information); difficulties with discussing information ownership rules with other social media participants; the presence of such phenomena as ‘online friends’ and ‘the imagined audience’ making it difficult for the user to recognize the composition of their actual audience and set proper privacy boundaries. It is also shown that the social network provides what can only be described as rather vague collective privacy boundaries (if the term privacy is even applicable to the social media environment). All the information shared by the user on the social media profile crosses the personal privacy boundaries and is moved almost uncontrollably to the collective ownership domain. The further theoretical research of privacy management of personal information on social media profiles should aim to critically examine the concept of collective privacy in the digital space and determine the ownership rights of original owners of personal information gone public.
Between Irony and Tragedy (To the Discussion about Education and Science in I&I)
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation, Orekhovsky Petr , Razumov Vladimir ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

This note is a response to the criticism of colleagues who expressed their opinion about the publication: Razumov V.I., Orekhovsky P.A. Carnival Time: Russian Higher Education and Science in the Postmodern Era // Ideas and Ideals. – 2020. – Vol. 12, N 3, pt. 1. – P. 77–94. The article received ten different responses, including both agreements with some of the theses, and objections, as well as alternative proposals. The works represent a wide scientific geography from Abakan to Moscow, although the bulk of the reviews came from Novosibirsk. The authors represent various humanitarian specialties. An analysis of the works published in Ideas and Ideals allows us to conclude that the reforms of science and education undertaken by the Government of the Russian Federation are alarming. At the same time, attention is drawn to both dissatisfaction with the current state of affairs and a wide range of ideas about what strategy for the development of science and education is required in modern Russia. Similarly, very different positions are presented in relation to postmodernism and its role in changes in science and education. The authors make an attempt to characterize the grounds for the coincidence and difference of the positions of the debaters and authors.
Symbolic World of Modernizing Societies: Invented Traditions (The Case of Japan)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Zinevich Olga , Chernenko Yaroslav ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the specifics of Japanese modernization laid down during the Meiji reforms, which is believed to have achieved a kind of viable synthesis of Western and non-Western patterns of behavior, thinking patterns, and complexes of symbolic elements and ideas. Japan in the second half of the 19th century was faced with the task of catching up with Western countries, which implied, for example, copying certain Western traditions and social institutions. Nevertheless, Japan managed to carry out its modernization quite successfully, without losing its national identity. Today Japan is already an object itself, whose modernization experience other countries are trying to copy. Thus, under the conditions of globalization, Japanese behavioral patterns and other socio-cultural elements are spreading. The authors of this article utilize the concept of Eric Hobsbawm’s “invented traditions” to reveal the specifics of Japanese modernization. This approach assumes that Meiji modernity was designed or “invented” by some consensus of the Japanese elites of that time. Thus, in order to achieve modernity, Japanese elites had to “invent” traditions in a certain way, so that people could accept said traditions as their own. The invention of traditions itself, in turn, is a complex process of constructing socio-cultural patterns during which new practices and behaviors are made to seem older than they actually are, emphasizing their originality and connection with the people’s past. In Meiji Japan, various groups of Japanese elites had their own designs for the invention of traditions, in other words, the achievement of modernity. The authors conclude that the winning model implemented by the Meiji government was quite successful and allowed Japan to compete with Western powers on relatively equal terms.
Paul Ricoeur’s Concept of Memory as a Matrix of History
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation, Anikina Alexandra
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the problem of the relationship between history and memory as two independent forms of using the past within the framework of P. Ricoeur’s philosophy. The value of Ricoeur’s approach lies in the fact that he analyzes this problem at different levels, starting with the essence and mechanisms of work of both phenomena. The analysis of the interrelation and rivalry between history and memory allows us to take a fresh look at the problem of the referentiality of historical texts, namely, to shift the focus from the gap between the sign and the referent to their necessary connection. On the basis of the phenomenology of memory proposed by Ricoeur, it is possible to organize various forms of reference to the past. As forms of saving experience, history and memory carry a fundamental claim to truth, despite the fact that in both cases the image of the past is produced by the imagination. Imagination can be visualizing (allowing to see) or derealizing (cutting off from reality), therefore both memory and history need ways to verify this claim to truth. For memory, this way is recognizing, which is a subjectively experienced sensation, and for history it is the possibility of a permanent revision of its constructions in a process that Ricoeur calls standing for (représentance (Fr.)). These ways must remain autonomous, allowing both to realize its function. For memory, this is the keeping of the identity, the continuity of the subject, and for history, it is the implementation of a critical assessment and reorganization of experience, which is constantly enriched with new challenges and new data. Recognition of the memory independence restrains some actors usurping access to the past so far as they believe only they have the correct memory. History, on the other hand, through critical procedures, performs a corrective function and treats the past as the claim to truth, despite the subjectivity of memory.
Testing the classifier adapted to recognize the languages of works based on the Latin alphabet
Authors:   A. Juraev Institute of Mathematics, the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, Usmanov Zafar , Kosimov Abdunabi ,   Tajik Technical University named after acad. M.S. Osimi, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: July 2021

Using the example of a model collection of 10 texts in five languages (English, German, Spanish, Italian, and French) using Latin graphics, the article establishes the applicability of the γ-classifier for automatic recognition of the language of a work based on the frequency of 26 common Latin alphabetic letters. The mathematical model of the γ-classifier is represented as a triad. Its first component is a digital portrait (DP) of the text - the distribution of the frequency of alphabetic unigrams in the text; the second component is formulas for calculating the distances between the DP texts and the third is a machine learning algorithm that implements the hypothesis of “homogeneity” of works written in one language and “heterogeneity” of works written in different languages. The tuning of the algorithm using a table of paired distances between all products of the model collection consisted in determining an optimal value of the real parameter γ, for which the error of violation of the “homogeneity” hypothesis is minimized. The γ-classifier trained on the texts of the model collection showed a high, 100% accuracy in recognizing the languages of the works. For testing the classifier, an additional six random texts were selected, of which five were in the same languages as the texts of the model collection. By the method of the nearest (in terms of distance) neighbor, all new texts confirmed their homogeneity with the corresponding pairs of monolingual works. The sixth text in Romanian showed its heterogeneity in relation to all elements of the collection. At the same time, it showed closeness in minimum distances, first of all, to two texts in Spanish and then to two works in Italian.
Университеты в России: как это работает
Authors: Кузьминов Ярослав , Юдкевич Мария
Published: July 2021

В этой книге рассказывается, как устроена система российского высшего образования. Является ли российское высшее образование в большей степени продуктом европейского опыта, заимствования ключевых идей у более зрелых университетских систем, или это самобытный феномен, специфичный именно для нашей страны, особенностями которого и объясняются ее выдающиеся успехи и глубокие кризисы? Как устроены и работают университеты? Как и почему изменяются их миссии, структуры, принципы финансирования? Какую роль в их работе играет государство? Кто и чему учится в университетах? Как устроено российское преподавательское сообщество и какую роль в университетах играет наука? На эти и многие другие «как и почему» отвечает эта книга. Издание адресовано тем, кто хочет лучше понять устройство системы высшего образования в своей стране, оценить институциональные альтернативы и взаимосвязи отдельных институтов системы, увидеть ее место и перспективы в глобальном пространстве формирования человеческого капитала и производства научного знания.
A Component Analysis of "Ideological and Political Competence" in College English Education in China
Authors: Liu Hui , Tsukamoto Satoshi
Published: July 2021

College English course is an effective channel of ideological and political education for students in China. College English can influence students' value orientation and moral standards in an implicit way, and help to improve their comprehensive quality and achieve all-round development. This study interprets "ideology and politics" from the angle of students as a way of thinking, i.e. to be able to think critically, to analyze and evaluate on the basis of knowing and understanding, and to solve real-life problems, so as to successfully internalize knowledge into awareness and ability. Then, the concept "ideological and political competence" is introduced, the component elements are analyzed, the sub-competencies are defined, and a three-pronged model for the cultivation of ideological and political competence in College English is designed.
La vida como categoría central para la soberanía. Biopolítica y excepción en la obra de Giorgio Agamben, divergencias y convergencias con el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt y Carl Schmitt
Authors: Fonseca Sandoval Sara
Published: July 2021

La filosofía política de Giorgio Agamben gravita en torno a los conceptos de soberanía, excepción, biopolítica y totalitarismo para describir las formas modernas de ejercicio del poder. A partir de estos temas, este artículo realiza un análisis comparativo con Hannah Arendt y Carl Schmitt, quienes representan un referente constitutivo en la propuesta agambeniana, e identifica los puntos de divergencia y convergencia entre ellos. El debate Agamben-Arendt-Schmitt permite comprender las formas de operación del poder soberano en los Estados modernos a través de la intervención en la vida biológica y del uso, que deviene en constante, de instrumentos jurídicos como el estado de excepción. De ello no solo se concluye la vigencia de estos temas que se creían liquidados por la hegemonía del modelo liberal, sino que no hay una tendencia a la desaparición del Estado, en cambio, el poder que ejerce tiende a ensanchar su ámbito de intervención de formas menos visibles y más efectivas.
Reseña crítica. Aziz Nassif, Alberto; Valencia Lomelí, Enrique y Sánchez, Jorge Alonso. (2020). Tres miradas al México de hoy. México, D. F.: Cátedra Interinstitucional–Universidad de Guadalajara–Ciesas–Jorge Alonso.
Authors: Capera José Javier
Published: July 2021

La democracia en la actualidad refleja una serie de narrativas políticas, sociales, económicas y culturales de gran relevancia en el análisis de las sociedades modernas y del Estado capitalista. Las discusiones sobre los avances, retrocesos y proyectos que configuran la democratización de los poderes públicos en función de las luchas, proyectos y demandas de los grupos de abajo implican la posibilidad de cuestionar desde adentro las múltiples circunstancias que develan las prácticas de control y dominación que ejercen los grupos hegemónicos sobre las instituciones público–privadas. Por ello, la realidad mexicana expresa narrativas entre el dolor, pobreza, exterminio y denuncia por parte de los movimientos emergentes enfocados a construir otros mundos posibles, necesarios y urgentes desde abajo.
Burócratas y ciudadanos. La burocracia de nivel de calle en la implementación de la política pública de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en el departamento de Antioquia
Authors: Casas Arango German Ignacio , Aguirre Henao Cristian Daniel , Mancilla López Lorena Patricia
Published: July 2021

Los burócratas de nivel de calle son aquellos funcionarios que tienen una interacción directa con los ciudadanos para la prestación y entrega de bienes y servicios, por lo que sus acciones al momento de implementar las políticas resultan determinantes. A partir de un análisis cualitativo de 193 entrevistas se evidencia el papel que desempeñan los burócratas de nivel de calle en la política pública de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Estos burócratas, que hacen uso de su discrecionalidad, producen cambios en los lineamientos de las políticas con el fin de incluir a beneficiarios que consideren más adecuados según los fines de la política. Asimismo, realizan acciones adicionales que van más allá de las funciones asignadas para dar un acompañamiento más integral a los beneficiarios. Estos burócratas adoptan diferentes conductas según el tipo de ciudadano al que se le provee el bien o servicio, derivando en una forma particular de la política pública en cuestión.
Cost-effective Evaluation of an Educational Intervention based on Multiple Intelligences Versus Traditional Care to Improve Exclusive Breastfeeding in Mothers’ Clubs in Peru
Authors: Chumpitaz Durand Rubén Balabonce , Gálvez Díaz Norma del Carmen , Córdova Sotomayor Daniel Ángel
Published: July 2021

Objective. This work sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two educational interventions to improve exclusive maternal breastfeeding in mothers’ clubs in Peru. 

Methods. This is a retrospective, longitudinal descriptive study, which reviewed 113 information registries of mothers participating in a traditional educational intervention and 104 mothers with intervention based on multiple intelligences, evaluating the level of knowledge and exclusive maternal breastfeeding practices through observation visits. 

Results. The intervention based on multiple intelligences achieved greater cost-effectiveness than the traditional intervention given that with lower investment, it managed to get 56.73% of the mothers to increase their knowledge and 68.27% to practice exclusive maternal breastfeeding from six months to more months in comparison with the traditional intervention in which 41.59% and 43.36% improved, respectively. Moreover, for its effective application, on every 100 mothers, its investment would result lower than the traditional program. 

Conclusion. Upon applying satisfactorily the cost-effectiveness evaluation, as model to compare educational interventions on exclusive maternal breastfeeding, better results were determined with the intervention based on multiple intelligences compared with the traditional intervention, given that with lower investment, it was possible to benefit a greater number of mothers in their level of knowledge and practices of maternal breastfeeding.
Grieves and struggles of family caregivers providing care for bedridden elderly patients affected by chronic degenerative diseases
Authors: Campos Joice Soares , Dos Anjos Anna Cláudia Yokoyama , Neto Sebastião Benício da Costa , Peres Rodrigo Sanches
Published: July 2021

Objective. To understand grieves and struggles of family caregivers providing care for bedridden elderly patients affected by chronic degenerative diseases. 

Methods. This cross-sectional study was developed following the guidelines of the clinical-qualitative method. The sample was composed of 10 female family caregivers of bedridden elderly patients affected by chronic degenerative diseases in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample size was determined by data saturation. The instruments used included semi-structured interviews and a field diary. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and submitted to content analysis. The field diary provided contributions to the organization of categories, conferring a more accurate context.  

Results. The participants experienced two types of grief, one for the loss of a “healthy family member” and the other for the “announced death” of this person. Additionally, the participants faced two main struggles: overcoming (objective and subjective) fatigue and becoming fully capable of performing their roles. 

Conclusion. The family caregivers of bedridden elderly patients affected by chronic degenerative diseases experience grieves and struggles that should be taken into account from the beginning of the care process through mental health actions intended to meet their needs.
Experiences of Parents of Preterm Children Hospitalized Regarding Restrictions to Interact with Their Children Imposed Because of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Osorio Galeano Sandra Patricia , Salazar Maya Ángela María
Published: July 2021

Objective. To describe the experiences of parents of hospitalized preterm children regarding the restrictions implemented in the neonatal intensive care unit -NICU- during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. Qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between April and October 2020 with 12 parents of preterm children, whose children were hospitalized and discharged from NICU during the pandemic. The analysis was performed with tools from grounded theory through open and axial coding.

Results. The study identified four categories regarding the experience: 1) needing information: refers to the need for clear and close information to compensate for the physical distance; 2) limiting the interaction with the children: expressed as a painful situation, which minimizes opportunities for learning to care at home for their preterm child; 3) the pandemic: adding to the fears: in which the virus appears as a new threat for the children, who are vulnerable given their premature condition; and 4) limiting social support after discharge: identifies that the parents had less family and professional support for care after discharge during times of pandemic.

Conclusion. Parents of preterm children lived a difficult experience that became complex within the context of the pandemic. The experiences of parents of preterm children during times of COVID-19 indicate that restrictions to enter neonatal units to prevent the virus transmission limited the interaction with the preterm child and with the health staff and increased the needs for information.
Professional and ethical values in Nursing practice: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Poreddi Vijayalakshmi , Narayanan Athira , Thankachan Athira , Joy Binila , Awungshi Changhorla , SaiNikhil Reddy S
Published: July 2021

Objective. This study was carried out to examine professional and ethical values related to the profession from nurses' perspectives.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional survey carried out among 124 randomly selected nurses working at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The data was collected using Nursing Professional Values scale (NPVS-3). This tool consisted of 28 items to assess nurses’ professional values in three domains namely; Caring (10 items), activism(10items), and professionalism (8items). The maximum range of scores is 28–140. The higher the score, the stronger the nurse’s professional value orientation.

Results. The mean total score of the Professional Value scale was high (121.07±15.32). The mean score of the participants was higher in the caring domain (44.02±5.75) than activism (42.19±6.33) and professionalism domains (34.86±4.27). Pearson correlational analysis revealed that nurses with less experience had greater mean professional values score than nurses with higher experience (p<0.01).

Conclusion. The present study showed that nurses have high professional and ethical values, although they perceive that the most important values are those related to direct patient care. Continuing education programs should be designed so that nurses understand that nonclinical professional values are also equally important in promoting the nursing profession.
V.S. Solovyov’s “Sunday Letters”: Aspects of the Author’s Dialogue with the Reader
Authors: Yurina N.G.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of V.S. Solovyov's “Sunday Letters”. Aspects of the author's dialogue with the reader within the framework of this publicist cycle are considered. The relevance of the topic is based on the importance of this work for understanding the writer’s last work, “Three Conversations” and the general direction of the development of his publicist writing. The “Sunday Letters” have relatively recently come to the attention of Solovyov scholars and remain little studied. On the basis of the main premises of M.M. Bakhtin’s concept of speech genres, the article examines the works included in the Solovyov cycle from a communicative perspective, highlighting several perspectives: author – addressee, author – text, addressee – text. This approach is new for Solovyov studies and productive due to the combination of literary and linguistic methods of scientific research. As a result, the general scheme of the way Solovyov the publicist constructs a communicative act with the reader established and some features of his dialogue with the audience are characterized. The article concludes that 1) Solovyov's main goal in publishing “Sunday Letters” was to organize a regular and direct dialogue with the Russian reading public on a wide range of social, political, philosophical, religious and moral issues (reflecting the influence of the tradition of F.M. Dostoevsky’s “Writer’s Diary”); 2) the author of the cycle primarily implemented an educational and prophetic creative strategy; 3) during 1897–1898 Solovyov distinguished between various sections of the reading public, corrected his position regarding the addressee; 4) the choice of the genre form of the work (letter-sermon) was not accidental, it was justified by the nature of the speech situation, participants of dialogue, specifics of communication sphere, subject of speech and determined the uniqueness of his style; 5) the style of the Solovyov cycle is characterized by heterogeneity, unevenness, excitement. These conclusions clarify the specifics of the author's position in the works of Solovyov the publicist, the character of his implementation of creative strategies.
Ranked Choice Voting and Youth Voter Turnout: The Roles of Campaign Civility and Candidate Contact
Authors: Juelich Courtney L. , Coll Joseph A.
Published: July 2021

Ranked choice voting (RCV) has become increasing popular in the United States as more cities and states begin allowing voters to rank candidates in order of preference. This change in election system has been linked to increased campaign civility and mobilization, but with little evidence suggesting these benefits lead to increased voter turnout in the general population. This study argues that RCV elections may not increase overall voting but will increase youth voting. Considering young Americans, who have become increasingly pessimistic towards politics and are also heavily reliant on mobilization for participation, this study argues that increased campaign civility and mobilization may work to offset the negative feelings and lack of political engagement that plague young Americans. Using a matched study of individual level voter turnout for seven RCV and fourteen non-RCV local elections from 2013 and 2014, we find that there is no statistical difference in voting rates between RCV and plurality cities for the general public. Yet, in line with our hypotheses, younger voters are more likely to vote in RCV cities. Further, we find that increased contact in RCV elections accounts for a larger portion of the increased voter turnout compared to perceptions of campaign civility. Findings suggest RCV acts as a positive mobilizing force for youth voting through increasing campaign contact.
Lessons from the Use of Ranked Choice Voting in American Presidential Primaries
Authors: Richie Rob , Oestericher Benjamin , Otis Deb , Seitz-Brown Jeremy
Published: July 2021

Grounded in experience in 2020, both major political parties have reasons to expand use of ranked choice voting (RCV) in their 2024 presidential primaries. RCV may offer a ‘win-win’ solution benefiting both the parties and their voters. RCV would build on both the pre-1968 American tradition of parties determining a coalitional presidential nominee through multiple ballots at party conventions and the modern practice of allowing voters to effectively choose their nominees in primaries. Increasingly used by parties around the world in picking their leaders, RCV may allow voters to crowd-source a coalitional nominee. Most published research about RCV focuses on state and local elections. In contrast, this article analyzes the impact on voters, candidates, and parties from five state Democratic parties using RCV in party-run presidential nomination contests in 2020. First, it uses polls and results to examine how more widespread use of RCV might have affected the trajectory of contests for the 2016 Republican nomination. Second, it contrasts how more than three million voters in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries backed withdrawn candidates with the low rate of such wasted votes for withdrawn candidates in the states with RCV ballots. Finally, it concludes with an examination of how RCV might best interact with the parties’ current rules and potential changes to those rules.
Using Campaign Communications to Analyze Civility in Ranked Choice Voting Elections
Authors: Kropf Martha
Published: July 2021

Theory suggests that ranked choice voting (RCV) may create a more civil campaign environment. As voters must rank candidates, the candidates have an incentive to work with each other more collaboratively. This study uses text analysis software (LIWC) to examine candidate tweets and newspaper articles in RCV versus specifically-chosen plurality cities for evidence of positivity or negativity. In quantitatively comparing the tweets, the results are mixed among the cities. Qualitatively, candidates seem to be more likely to engage each other in RCV cities than in plurality cities. Using LIWC to analyze newspaper articles for campaign tone, one can see that RCV city articles have significantly more positive than negative words. This is the first published study to use direct campaign communication data to study RCV elections and campaign civility. This research validates survey research indicating that citizens perceive RCV campaigns are more civil.
Steering in Governance: Evolutionary Perspectives
Authors: Beunen Raoul , Van Assche Kristof
Published: July 2021

Steering has negative connotations nowadays in many discussions on governance, policy, politics and planning. The associations with the modernist state project linger on. At the same time, a rethinking of what is possible by means of policy and planning, what is possible through governance, which forms of change and which pursuits of common goods still make sense, in an era of cynicism about steering yet also high steering expectations, seems eminently useful. Between laissez faire and blue-print planning are many paths which can be walked. In this thematic issue, we highlight the value of evolutionary understandings of governance and of governance in society, in order to grasp which self-transformations of governance systems are more likely than others and which governance tools and ideas stand a better chance than others in a particular context. We pay particular attention to Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT) as a perspective on governance which delineates steering options as stemming from a set of co-evolutions in governance. Understanding steering options requires, for EGT, path mapping of unique governance paths, as well as context mapping, the external contexts relevant for the mode of reproduction of the governance system in case. A rethinking of steering in governance, through the lens of EGT, can shed a light on governance for innovation, sustainability transitions, new forms of participation and self-organization. For EGT, co-evolutions and dependencies, not only limit but also shape possibilities of steering, per path and per domain of governance and policy.
When Does Expanded Eligibility Translate into Increased Take-Up? An Examination of Parental Leave Policy in Luxembourg
Authors: Uzunalioglu Merve , Valentova Marie , O'Brien Margaret , Genevois Anne-Sophie
Published: July 2021

This article aims to explore the role of eligibility for parental leave as a determinant of access and as an enabler of leave take-up. To analyse the link between eligibility and take-up, we study a unique policy change in Luxembourg’s parental leave scheme. The country’s 2016 parental leave reform relaxed the eligibility criteria to enable marginal part-time working parents to access the parental leave scheme for the first time. We focus on this change and examine to what extent relaxing the eligibility criteria translated into increased take-up by the marginal part-time working parents who became eligible. To quantify this transition, we analyse trends in and patterns of eligibility for the scheme in Luxembourg between 2009 and 2018 among first-time parents working full-time, part-time, or marginal part-time hours. We use a subsample of Luxembourg-resident, cohabiting, first-time parents (N = 6,254) drawn from the social security data. Our analysis shows that as eligibility is dependent on individual factors, it has similarities among mothers and fathers, whereas take-up is notably greater for mothers. After the reform, we observe that marginal part-time working mothers started taking parental leave, but up to 2018, the reform’s outreach to marginal part-time working fathers remained limited. We also find that foreign national parents are less likely to be eligible for parental leave and have lower take-up rates. Despite the gendered parental leave take-up behaviours in parallel with international evidence, marginal part-time working mothers’ positive response to the reform indicates progress towards strengthening women’s labour market attachment in Luxembourg.