bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of THPO in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of THPO, encoding thrombopoietin, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). THPO transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Hackers and capitalism, Sierra (historiography VI:5 - part two)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: September 2022

Computer science and technology : historiography VI (5 - part two)
Differential expression of SIGLEC8 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of SIGLEC8, encoding sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 8, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). SIGLEC8 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Metal 3D Printing: Patent Law, Trade Secrets, and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: September 2022

Refereed article - Matthew Rimmer. "Metal 3D Printing: Patent Law, Trade Secrets, and Additive Manufacturing" Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics (2022)Available at: http://works.bepress.com/matthew_rimmer/385/ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frma.2022.958761/full AbstractThere has been significant investment in research and development in respect of metal 3D printing in the United States (as well as a number of other jurisdictions).There has been growing conflict over the ownership of intellectual property in respect of metal 3D printing (involving not only patents but also trade secrets and confidential information, as well as contract law and unfair competition). In 2018, Desktop Metal Inc. launched litigation against Markforged Inc. and Matiu Parangi in relation to intellectual property and metal 3D printing in the United States. As well as complaints of patent infringement, Desktop Metal Inc. has alleged that the defendants had engaged in acts of trade secret misappropriation, unfair and deceptive business practices, and breach of contract. Markforged Inc. made various counter-claims of its own. In July 2018, a Federal Jury found that Markforged Inc. did not infringe two patents held by its rival Desktop Metal Inc. Claims of further violations of trade secrets and contract law were also considered. In the end, the dispute was settled, with neither party obtaining an advantage in the litigation. There was further conflict over whether the terms of the settlement in respect of non-disparagement were honoured.The parties have also faced further intellectual property conflict. In 2021, Continuous Composites has filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Markforged Inc. In 2021, Desktop Metal Inc. brought legal action against SprintRay in Germany.Drawing upon this case study, this paper considers whether metal 3D printing will disrupt patent law, policy, and practice. It also explores the tension between the use of trade secrets in commercial 3D printing (such as in metal 3D Printing), and the open source ethos of the Maker Movement. This paper considers the larger implications of this intellectual property dispute over metal 3D printing for scarcity, regulation, and the abundance society.
The postulate of vacuum as the medium of matter waves and the extension of the equivalence principle
Authors: Mao ZhongFei
Published: September 2022

The vacuum polarization described in quantum electrodynamics inspires the reconstruction of the relationship between a vacuum and a particle. It is reasonable to amalgamate vacuum and matter into one object: the metric space. Thus, the motion of matter can be described as the propagation of the state of space in a vacuum, the vacuum being the medium of the matter wave. The consequence of unifying a particle and vacuum with metric space is that all the properties of the particle should be described as the intrinsic properties of the space. Considering the equivalence of a gravitational field with curved space-time established by Einstein’s gravitational theory, it is natural to extend the equivalence to the source of the gravitational field, matter itself, when energy-momentum conservation is considered in an isolated gravitational interaction system. A formula expressing energy and momentum density of matter in terms of the curvature tensor of three-dimensional space is proposed. For energy density corresponding to the Kretschmann scalar, u=cℏR^ijkl R_ijkl \/2, while for momentum density corresponding to a skew symmetric tensor ℏ(R_ijij R_ijkj-R_ikik R_ikjk ), similar to electromagnetic momentum density ε_0E×B; a metric with a curvature proportional to m\/r^2 is thus obtained. The equivalence of the torsion of the affine connection space with the angular momentum of matter is then discussed. The quantized spin angular momentum eigenstate in quantum mechanics is related to a connected torsional manifold. In the case of ℏ/2 spin, it is corresponding to a Möbius circle. It is remarkable that the two classified elementary particles, bosons and fermions, correspond to the two types of topological manifolds, orientable and non-orientable manifolds.The reinterpreted concept of matter curved space gives rise to the concept of absolute space. The time dilation observed in the Global Positioning System, as predicted by special relativity and depending on the velocity in relation to the “universal frame” provides evidence of absolute space.
Sensitivity, Accuracy and Limits of the Lightweight Three-Component SmartSolo Geophone Sensor (5 Hz) for Seismological Applications
Authors: Zeckra Martin , Van Noten Koen , Lecocq Thomas
Published: September 2022

The use of Nodal systems based on autonomous geophone-based instruments entered the field of Seismology only recently. These lightweight solutions revolutionized seismological fieldwork through lightweight and wholistic instruments that are faster to deploy and easier to handle. The IGU-16HR series of SmartSolo® is one example, but yet lacking a thorough lab-based performance analysis. Here, we fill the knowledge gap, by performing a series of lab and field-based tests that focus on the sensors performance. The investigated parameters are the instruments transfer function, self-noise and overall performance to classical seismometer-based instruments. In the real-world application we show examples of H/V measurements of ambient vibrations in urban environments and the performance ranges with teleseismic waveform recordings. Under lab conditions, the nodal systems perform equally well as standard seismometers (e.g., Lennartz 3D/5s), even in the frequency range down to 0.2Hz, way below their natural frequency. The restitution can be carried out correctly with manufacturer given transfer function. At least for the vertical component, the instruments self-noise reaches the lower boundary of the global minimum noise level, confirming the ability to properly record teleseismic phases down to 0.1 Hz. In ambient noise studies the instrument limits are already reached at 0.8 Hz, but still resolve the fundamental frequencies within the methods uncertainty ranges, based on classical instrument data. These versatile and easy-to-use nodal systems are useful and reliable for a wide range of seismological applications. In addition, their installation is faster and reduced prices open the doors towards Large N installations and research studies for groups that face limited financial budgets.
The dynamic interplay of kinetic and linguistic coordination in Danish and Norwegian conversation
Authors: Trujillo James , Dideriksen Christina , Tylén Kristian , Christiansen Morten H. , Fusaroli Riccardo
Published: September 2022

In conversation, individuals work together to achieve communicative goals, complementing and aligning language and body with each other. However, there is no consensus as to whether interlocutors entrain with one another equally across levels (e.g., lexical, syntactic, semantic) and modalities (i.e., speech, gesture), or whether there are complementary patterns of behaviors, with some levels or modalities diverging and others converging in coordinated fashions. This study assesses how kinematic and linguistic entrainment interact with one another across levels of measurement, and according to communicative context. We analyzed data from two matched corpora of dyadic interaction between - respectively - Danish and Norwegian native speakers engaged in affiliative conversations and task-oriented conversations. We assessed linguistic entrainment at the lexical, syntactic, and semantic level, and kinetic alignment of the head and hands using video-based motion tracking and dynamic time warping. We tested whether - across the two languages - linguistic alignment correlates with kinetic alignment, and whether these kinetic-linguistic associations are modulated either by the type of conversation or by the language spoken. We found that kinetic entrainment was positively associated with low-level linguistic (i.e., lexical) entrainment, while negatively associated with high-level linguistic (i.e., semantic) entrainment, in a cross-linguistically robust way. Our findings suggest that conversation makes use of a dynamic coordination of similarity and complementarity both between individuals as well as between different communicative modalities, and provides evidence for a multimodal, interpersonal synergy account of interaction.
The Link Between Personality, Global, and Domain-Specific Satisfaction Across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Olaru Gabriel , van Scheppingen Manon A. , Bleidorn Wiebke , Denissen Jaap J. A.
Published: September 2022

Meta-analytic evidence has shown that personality is one of the strongest correlates of global and domain-specific satisfaction. The main goal of the present study was to examine whether the associations between personality traits and satisfaction differ across the adult lifespan. We used bivariate latent growth curve models and local structural equation modeling to study correlations between levels and change of Big Five personality traits and satisfaction with life, satisfaction with work, and satisfaction with social contacts. Data came from a large representative longitudinal Dutch sample (N = 9,110; age range 16-95). Across age, emotional stability showed the strongest associations with both global and domain-specific satisfaction. After emotional stability, conscientiousness was the strongest correlate of work satisfaction, and extraversion and agreeableness were the strongest correlates of social satisfaction. Longitudinal changes in personality and satisfaction across the 11 years covered in this study were moderately correlated, suggesting co-development between these constructs. Most correlational patterns were stable across the lifespan, indicating that personality traits are similarly relevant for satisfaction across different phases in adult life. We discuss the theoretical implications for the foundations that may underlie the link between personality and satisfaction in various life phases.
Going beyond traits: Social, emotional, and behavioral skills matter for adolescents’ success
Authors: Soto Christopher J. , Napolitano Christopher , Sewell Madison Nicole , Yoon Heejun Roy , Roberts Brent
Published: September 2022

The present research addresses three key questions about social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills. First, how do SEB skills relate with the Big Five traits and CASEL core competencies? Second, how do SEB skills relate with consequential outcomes in adolescence? Third, do SEB skills provide incremental validity beyond personality traits? Results from a diverse sample of high school students (N = 897) indicate that SEB skills converge with the Big Five traits and CASEL competencies in expected and conceptually meaningful ways. Analyses of self-reported and school-reported outcomes extend SEB skills’ nomological network by showing that they predict academic achievement and engagement, occupational interests, social relationships, civic engagement, and well-being. Finally, tests of incremental validity indicate that SEB skills provide unique information beyond personality traits, and that this information matters for predicting outcomes during adolescence. These findings advance our understanding of the nature, correlates, and consequences of SEB skills.
Exploring the differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Askelund Adrian Dahl , Ask Helga , Ystrom Eivind , Havdahl Alexandra , Hannigan Laurie John
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAn individual's overall burden of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood is associated with increased likelihood of later mental health conditions. However, the relative extent of behavioural versus emotional problems - that is, the extent to which the domains are differentiated from one another - may provide additional information about who is at risk of developing a mental health condition. Here, we seek to validate differentiation as an independent predictor of later mental health conditions, and to explore its aetiology. MethodsWe analysed data from ~79,000 children in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study, and linked health-care registries. In preregistered analyses, we modelled the extent and rate of differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems between ages 1.5 - 5 years, and estimated associations with later symptoms (age 8) and diagnoses (after age 8). We also explored the aetiology of differentiation by estimating associations with early life exposures and, in a subset of 23,945 full siblings, assessing the impact of accounting for unobserved familial confounding. ResultsDifferentiation of behavioural and emotional problems was associated with later symptoms and diagnoses of mental health conditions, independent of total problems. Maternal at-risk drinking (β = 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]) and parental relationship problems (β = 0.04 [0.02, 0.05]) were associated with higher behavioural relative to emotional problems at age 5. Maternal prenatal distress (|β| = 0.04 [0.03, 0.06]), concurrent distress (|β| = 0.04 [0.02, 0.06]) and parental education (|β| = 0.05 [0.04, 0.07]) predicted higher emotional relative to behavioural problems at age 5. Estimates for maternal prenatal distress and at-risk drinking were consistent across both unadjusted and adjusted analyses accounting for unobserved familial risk. ConclusionsDifferentiation of behavioural and emotional problems in early childhood represents a valid source of inter-individual variability linked to the later emergence of psychopathology and may be relevant for early detection and prevention strategies for mental health.
Severity and Crises in Science: Are We Getting It Right When We're Right and Wrong When We're Wrong?
Authors: Claesen Aline , Lakens Daniel , vanpaemel wolf , van Dongen Noah N'Djaye Nikolai
Published: September 2022

Just as teachers give students exams to assess their mastery of a subject, researchers submit their theories to empirical tests. And just as a high score on a test by itself is not sufficient to believe in the student’s mastery of a subject, researchers need severe tests to make reliable inferences from observations to theories. In this paper, we provide an explication of the concept of severity, and how it underlies three current methodological crises in psychology: the theory crisis, the measurement crisis, and the generalizability crisis. Our detailed account reinforces the importance of designing tests that can prove yourself wrong, and should assist empirical researchers in evaluating the severity of their own tests.
Mapping the Timescale of Suicidal Thinking
Authors: Coppersmith Daniel D.L. , Ryan Oisín , Fortgang Rebecca , Millner Alexander , Kleiman Evan , Nock Matthew
Published: September 2022

Suicide is one of the most devastating aspects of human nature and has puzzled scholars for thousands of years. Most suicide research to date has focused on establishing the prevalence and predictors of the presence or severity of suicidal thoughts/behaviors. Surprisingly little research has documented the fundamental properties of suicidal thoughts/behaviors, such as: when someone has a suicidal thought, how long do such thoughts last? Documenting the basic properties of a phenomenon is necessary to understand, study, and treat it. This study aims to identify the timescale of suicidal thinking, leveraging novel real-time monitoring data and a number of different novel analytic approaches. Participants were 105 adults with past week suicidal thoughts who completed a 42-day real-time monitoring study (total number of observations=20,255). Participants completed two forms of real time assessments: traditional real-time assessments (spaced hours apart each day) and high-frequency assessments (spaced 10 minutes apart over one hour). We found that suicidal thinking changes rapidly. Both descriptive statistics and Markov-Switching models indicated that that elevated states of suicidal thinking lasted on average 1 to 3 hours. Individuals exhibited considerable heterogeneity in how often and for how long they reported elevated suicidal thinking, and our analyses suggest that different aspects of suicidal thinking operated on different timescales. Continuous-time autoregressive models suggest that current suicidal intent is predictive of future intent levels for 2 to 3 hours, while current suicidal desire predictive of future suicidal desire levels for 20 hours. Multiple models found that elevated suicidal intent has on average shorter duration than elevated suicidal desire. Finally, our ability to capture within-person dynamics of suicidal thinking was improved using high-frequency sampling. For example, traditional real-time assessments alone estimated the duration of severe suicidal states of suicidal desire as 9.5 hours, whereas, the high-frequency assessments shifted the estimated duration to 1.4 hours. The high-frequency assessments identified 19% more participants with a high-risk response than the traditional real-time assessment, and high frequency measurements were shown to capture considerable levels of variation across consecutive measurement occasions. These results provide the most detailed characterization to date of the temporal dynamics of suicidal thinking. Furthermore, these findings highlight the importance of sampling frequency in capturing the dynamics of a phenomenon.
A new aspect of cognitive selectivity: Working memory reselection for attended information
Authors: Zhu Ping , Fu Yingtao , Wyble Brad , shen mowed , CHEN HUI
Published: September 2022

The selective function of brain is classically characterized by attentional mechanism. The current study proposed a new cognitive selectivity—working memory (WM) reselection process that could be distinguished from attentional selection. The first section of the present study provided both behavioral and neuroscientific evidence showing that even fully attended information was not ever encoded into WM, indicating there exists a WM reselection process for attended information. More importantly, in the second section, the mechanism of WM reselection was explored and the surprising finding was that the reselection operated through a dimensional-memory-filter. That is, the brain could selectively encode the attended information from one feature dimension while blocking others from another dimension at the same time. However, once a feature is selected, all concurrently attended information from the same dimension would be automatically encoded into WM regardless of whether they are necessary for the task. These findings have critical implications for understanding the mechanisms of memory formation.
Habit and Goal-related Constructs in Determining Toothbrushing Behavior: Two Sensor-based Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Zhang Chao , Spelt Hanne , van Wissen Arlette , Lakens Daniel , IJsselsteijn Wijnand
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Two longitudinal studies were conducted to examine how habits and goal-related constructs determine toothbrushing behavior from a dual-process perspective. We aimed to describe the variations of habit strength, intention, and attitude and to test their associations with actual behavior at both inter- and intraindividual levels. In addition, toothbrushing behavior was measured both by self-report and sensors with the goal to compare these measures. Method: In Study 1, 40 young adults were instructed to brush their teeth twice a day, and their behaviors were measured by accelerometers for three weeks. Participants also self-reported their instrumental and affective attitude, habit strength, and behavior frequency weekly. Effects of interest were estimated using structural equation modeling. Study 2 replicated Study 1 with a larger and more diverse sample (N = 79), adding a measure of behavioral intention. Results: Supporting the dual-process account, habit strength predicted future behavior in addition to goal-related constructs. Habit strength also attenuated the influences of goal-related constructs on behavior, but this pattern only emerged interindividually and for self-reported behavior. In addition, toothbrushing behavior was more strongly driven by affective rather than instrumental attitude. In both studies, associations among variables were weaker within-person and when sensor-measured behavior was modeled. Conclusions: The partial support for the dual-process account suggests the need of using habit-based interventions to complement intention-based interventions when attempting to change oral health routines. Our findings also highlight the importance of affective aspects of toothbrushing behavior and the potential to incorporate sensor-based objective measures in research and interventions.
Moral Condemnation is Not Enough to Save Lives: What Drives Public Support for International Interventions?
Authors: Mazepus Honorata , van Leeuwen Florian , Poama Andrei , Aloyo Eamon T.
Published: September 2022

Humanitarian interventions carried out by some national governments can help prevent or alleviate mass atrocities abroad. However, such interventions are arguably rendered less likely when domestic public support (as distinct from international endorsement) is absent or weak. This article focuses on public domestic support for different types of military and non-military humanitarian interventions. Specifically, we test theories of support for intervention based on the cultural similarity, public opinion, and statements from authority figures. We do so through two large-N survey experiments with samples from the Netherlands and Poland. The experimental vignettes manipulated (1) where the mass atrocities happen; (2) whether their community favors an intervention; (3) whether national leaders support an intervention. The findings showed that none of these manipulations had substantial and reliable influence on moral condemnation of atrocities or support for interventions. Exploratory analyses showed strong moral condemnation of atrocities in both studies and across conditions, but that support for interventions was typically lower and differed across the type of intervention. The analysis also showed that support for non-military interventions was related to knowledge about international politics and that support for military interventions was related to beliefs about the success of interventions.
Is there an optimal self-report measure to investigate autism-related sex differences?
Authors: Waldren Lucy H. , Livingston Lucy Anne , Shah Punit
Published: September 2022

There is growing research interest in autism-related sex differences. Many behavioural and cognitive sex differences have been identified, with implications for research and clinical practice. Much of this research has relied on self-report autism measures, which are assumed to measure autistic traits equally in males and females. However, robust evidence for this assumption is lacking. Previous findings have not been replicated and no study has directly compared sex differences across multiple self-report autism measures in the same sample. To address this gap in research, a large sample of adults (N = 1000, 500 female) will complete a series of self-report autism measures. Following descriptive analyses, we will investigate the measurement invariance by sex of each measure. We thereby aim to improve understanding of which self-report autism measures, if any, are optimal for testing autism-related sex differences in future research.
How does real-world social isolation affect spontaneous thought?
Authors: Mildner Judith N. , Tamir Diana
Published: September 2022

Despite infinite possible thoughts to explore, from everyday observations to fantastical daydreams and creative inspiration, spontaneous thought overwhelmingly features social content. Here we try to understand why the mind gravitates toward other people. We test two ways in which the environment can shape thought – does our mind review social content when the environment provides it, or does our mind seek out social content when the environment lacks it? In Study 1, a large representative sample (N = 1679) collected during COVID-19 lockdowns showed that social content in spontaneous thought reflects the sociality in the environment: the more time people spent alone, the less social thought. There was no association between social thought and social needs, suggesting that spontaneous thought helps process incoming social information. In Study 2, archival analysis of texts from authors (N = 44) who experienced either voluntary isolation (e.g., seclusion) or involuntary isolation (e.g., imprisonment) showed that social thought increased during involuntary isolation. This suggests that social needs can shape thought if there is a large disruption in one’s social world.
The P3 ERP in Relation to General Versus Specific Psychopathology in Early Childhood
Authors: Hosch Alexis , Harris Jordan L , Swanson Ben , Petersen Isaac T.
Published: September 2022

There is considerable covariation between externalizing and internalizing problems across the lifespan. Partitioning general and specific psychopathology is crucial to identify (a) processes that confer specific risk for externalizing versus internalizing problems and (b) transdiagnostic processes that confer risk for the covariation between externalizing and internalizing problems. The oddball P3 event-related potential (ERP) component, thought to reflect attentional orienting, has been widely examined in relation to psychopathology. However, prior studies have not examined the P3—or other aspects of neural functioning—in relation to general versus specific psychopathology in children. The present study examined whether children’s (N = 124, ages 3–7 years) P3 amplitudes were associated with general versus specific psychopathology. Children’s electroencephalography data were recorded during an oddball task. Parents rated their children’s externalizing and internalizing problems. Using bifactor models to partition variance in parents’ ratings of children’s psychopathology symptoms, we examined children’s P3 amplitudes in relation to three latent factors: (1) the general factor of psychopathology—the covariation of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, (2) unique externalizing problems—the variance in externalizing problems after controlling for the general factor, and (3) unique internalizing problems. Results indicated that smaller P3 amplitudes were associated with unique externalizing problems at ages 3–5, and with general psychopathology at ages 6–7. Findings suggest that smaller P3 amplitudes may be associated with externalizing problems from a very young age. Moreover, there may be a developmental shift in the functional significance of the P3 in relation to general and specific psychopathology in childhood.
Extraction versus Conservation: Understanding farmer’s mental models of groundwater management in the semi-arid drylands of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sanga Udita , Koli Upasana
Published: September 2022

Mental models are the dynamic internal, cognitive representations of people’s interaction with the world. Such models can be used to gain insights into how humans structure their beliefs and actions about environmental issues. This research paper aims to understand the evolution of mental models of sustainable groundwater management among farmers in semi-arid regions of Maharashtra, India. Using a mixed method approach of qualitative interviews and systems mapping, we assess how environmental, social, and institutional processes and structures influence farmer beliefs, motivations, choices, and actions regarding groundwater use and management. We also assess the motivation and visions of farmers for future water sustainability and identify policy triggers that can nudge people towards sustainable groundwater management. Results reveal three key insights: i) Farmers’ actions towards either increased groundwater extraction or conservation are shaped by social, environmental, and institutional dynamics rather than self-interested individual will. ii) Farmers who experience higher water scarcity have a higher desire for groundwater conservation and higher consciousness towards future groundwater sustainability. iii) Supply-driven water policies and initiatives can lead to maladaptive outcomes such as an increase in groundwater extraction in the long run. Current water policies need a transformative shift from focusing on improving the physical availability and supply of water to those that facilitate long-term sustainable groundwater management by influencing behavior, norms, and values around groundwater. Future interventions that allow and encourage collective mobilization, enhanced ownership and participation, adequate training, financial resources, and decentralized management structures with enhanced accountability are likely to be more effective in developing long-term solutions for sustainable groundwater management.
Listening Through the Firewall: A Sonic Narrative of Communication Between Taiwan and China
Authors: Plovnick Sarah
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the recent history of the Taiwan Strait (1949-today) from the perspective of audio communication. A focus on sound provides a way to re-conceptualize the region, moving beyond the limitations of political borders to highlight salient moments in which individuals formed connections despite communication restrictions. These moments range from the iconic voice of Teresa Teng emanating from loudspeakers and radios in the 1970s, to the boom of the Taiwan-based Mandopop industry in the 1990s, to more recent social media interactions. In the realm of these recent interactions, this paper focuses on the key role of artificial intelligence in both facilitating and regulating communication. The space of the Taiwan Strait is often discussed in contemporary media only in relation to political tensions. This research, in contrast, provides a nuanced, on-the-ground perspective of the role of cross-strait communication in the daily lives of Taiwanese and Chinese individuals. This novel perspective can then be mobilized toward efforts to facilitate open dialogue and mutual understanding in contentious political environments.
Is Secessionism Mostly About Income or Identity? A Global Analysis of 3,003 Subnational Regions
Authors: Desmet Klaus , Ortuño-Ortín Ignacio , Özak Ömer
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes whether the propensity to secede by subnational regions responds mostly to differences in income per capita or to distinct identities. We explore this question in a quantitative political economy model where people's willingness to finance a public good depends on their income and identity. Using high-resolution economic and linguistic data for the entire globe, we predict the propensity to secede of 3,003 subnational regions in 173 countries. We validate the model-based predictions with data on secessionist movements, state fragility, regional autonomy, and conflict, as well as with an application to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Counterfactual analysis strongly suggests that identity trumps income in determining a region's propensity to secede. Removing identity differences reduces the average support for secession from 7.5% to 0.6% of the population.
Mortality Modeling of Partially Observed Cohorts Using Administrative Death Records
Authors: Goldstein Joshua R. , Osborne Maria , Atherwood Serge , Breen Casey
Published: September 2022

New advances in data linkage provide mortality researchers with access to administrative datasets with millions of mortality records and rich demographic covariates. Although these new datasets allow for high-resolution mortality research, administrative mortality records often have technical limitations, such as limited mortality coverage windows and incomplete observation of survivors. We describe a method for fitting truncated distributions that can be used for estimating mortality differentials in administrative data. We apply this method to the CenSoc datasets, which link U.S. 1940 Census records to Social Security administrative mortality records. Our approach may be useful in other contexts where administrative data on deaths are available. As a companion to the paper, we release the R package gompertztrunc, which implements the methods introduced in this paper.
Relational Practice of Canadian Academic Librarians: Exploratory Content Analysis using Relational-Cultural Theory
Authors: Fuhr Justin , Popowich Emma
Published: September 2022

There is increasing recognition that relational practice, such as building community and team building, is an important facet for Canadian academic librarians. This study measures the visibility of relational practice of Canadian academic librarians. Job postings from The Partnership Job Board were collected for a six-month period beginning in July 2021. Job postings were analyzed using deductive content analysis, utilizing a framework based on relational-cultural theory. The framework, developed by Fletcher (1998) and modified by Arellano Douglas & Gadsby (2019), identifies relational practice as falling into four categories: preserving, mutual empowerment, emotional strategizing, and creating team. The authors find while there is mention of relational practice in the job postings, further visibility is needed to accurately reflect this aspect of Canadian academic librarian work. Emotional strategizing (51.7% of job postings with one or more mention) and creating team (47.2%) are the most visible relational practices, while preserving (7.9%) is hardly mentioned. There is far less mutual empowerment for practicing librarians (9%) compared to librarians in management positions (57%). While the visibility of relational practice increases as the highest credential offered at the post-secondary institution increases, this trend is not seen for mutual empowerment at Canadian Ph.D./doctorate-granting institutions. There is a need to increase visibility of relational practice in Canadian academic librarian job postings, and by extension, all academic librarianship.
The three phases of financial power: Leverage, infrastructure, and enforcement
Authors: Braun Benjamin , Koddenbrock Kai
Published: September 2022

How does global capitalism – a highly unstable system that creates vast inequalities – continue to reproduce itself? Despite the burgeoning literature on financialization, large gaps remain in our understanding of the profitability and concentration of the financial sector, and of its ability to reassert itself after financial crises. This chapter develops a framework for the analysis of the political economy of global finance that centers on the claim relation between creditors and debtors. It foregrounds creation, trading, and enforcement as key stages in the life-cycle of financial claims. At each stage, the conflict between creditors and debtors takes different forms as both sides seek to manipulate the claim relationship to their advantage. However, the two sides in this tussle are not equal. We introduce the concepts of leverage power, infrastructural power and enforcement power as analytical tools to study the inequalities and hierarchies embedded in, and reproduced via, credit-debt relationships in contemporary global financial capitalism.
Universal early childhood education and adolescent risky behavior
Authors: Ando Michihito , Mori Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Shintaro
Published: September 2022

The evidence for the effects of early childhood education on risky behavior in adolescence is limited. This paper studies the consequences of an expansion of a universal preschool program in Japan. Exploiting regional differences in the program expansion, we estimate the policy effects using an event study model. Our estimates indicate that the preschool expansion significantly reduced juvenile violent arrests and the rate of teenage pregnancy, but did not increase the high school enrollment rate. We suspect that improved non-cognitive skills can account for the reduction of risky behavior in adolescence.
The Youth Social Media Literacy Inventory: Development and Validation Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Purington Amanda , Masur Philipp K. , Bazarova Natalie , Zou Ellen Wenting , Whitlock Janis
Published: September 2022

Social media has changed how youth communicate, with whom, and with what consequences. Potential risks include exposure to harmful content, engagement with strangers, or unwanted consequences from irresponsible or naive use. Social media literacy has been proposed as a way to mitigate such risks. This paper aimed to develop a comprehensive Youth Social Media Literacy Inventory (YSMLI) to objectively assess young adolescents’ (9-13 years) knowledge and skills in the context of social media use. The development process included four consecutive steps: 1) an in-depth review of the literature to identify core competencies and domains of social media literacy, 2) creation of a large item pool that assesses these core competencies within six domains (advertising, cyberbullying, privacy, news, phishing, and media balance), 3) expert review and cognitive pretesting with youth, and 4) empirical validation of the final 90-item pool using item response theory based on a sample of n = 306 youth participants. The final item bank is well-fitting, reliable, and valid, offering scales with varying lengths for different purposes including domain-specific assessment and parallel testing.
KURUMSAL YÖNETİM VE FİNANSAL PERFORMANS İLİŞKİSİ: ULUSLARARASI LİTERATÜR TARAMASI (2000-2019)
Authors: ARSLAN Şerafettin , SAYGILI Ebru
Published: September 2022

Son yıllarda giderek artan sayıda akademik araştırma kurumsal yönetimin finansal performansa olan etkisini incelemektedir. Bu literatür taramasının amacı, kurumsal yönetim ile finansal performans arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine yönelik zaman içinde gerçekleşen yapısal ve kavramsal değişikliklerin gözlemlenebilmesi ve karşılaştırılabilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, 2000 ile 2019 yılları arasında kurumsal yönetim ile finansal performans arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen uluslararası akademik çalışmalar taranmıştır. Çalışma bulgularına göre en çok kullanılan finansal performans göstergeleri aktif karlılığı ve Tobin’s Q, en çok tercih edilen yöntem ise panel veri analizidir. Mevcut uluslararası çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak kurumsal yönetimin finansal performans üzerindeki olumlu etkisini vurgulamaktadır.
Kandungan Protein dan Serat Kasar Ampas Sagu (Metroxylon sago) dengan Metode Kimia sebagai Alternatif Pakan Ruminansia
Authors: Syadik Fajar , Daya Satria , Youlandari
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein dan serat kasar ampas sagu (Metroxylon sago) melalui metode kimia dengan penambahan urea pada berbagai konsentrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan dengan total 12 sampel ampas sagu. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 1 kg ampas sagu yang difermentasi selama 3 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah protein kasar dan serat kasar ampas sagu. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: P0 = 1 kg ampas sagu urea 0 %; P1 = 1 kg ampas sagu + 1 % urea; P2 = 1 kg ampas sagu + 3 % urea, dan P3 = 1 kg ampas sagu + 5 % urea. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan di uji lanjut dengan uji BNT 5 %. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ampas sagu dengan urea dan tanpa pemberian urea menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata P<0,05 terhadap protein kasar dan serat kasar ampas sagu. Pemberian urea 5 % pada ampas sagu setelah fermentasi 3 hari, dapat meningkatkan kadar protein kasar dan menurunkan kadar serat kasar ampas sagu.
Efek Suplementasi Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Performa Produksi dan Kualitas Telur Ayam Petelur
Authors: Hadrawi Jumatriatikah , Pitres Sentral Pemilu , Basri
Published: September 2022

Daun Moringa oleifera adalah bagian yang paling bergizi, menjadi sumber penting vitamin B kompleks, vitamin C, pro-vitamin A, vitamin K, mangan, dan protein di antara nutrisi penting lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon ayam Lohmann Brown yang diberi ransum tepung daun kelor terhadap performa produksi dan kualitas telur ayam petelur. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, masing-masing ulangan menggunakan enam ekor ayam Lohmann Brown umur 39 minggu. Empat perlakuan pakan tersebut adalah: pakan komersial tanpa suplementasi daun kelor (diet basal; kontrol; P0); P1 (diet basal + 4 % tepung daun kelor); P2 (diet basal + 6 % tepung daun kelor; dan P3 (pakan basal + 8 % tepung daun kelor). Variabel yang diamati meliputi performa produksi yaitu konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, hen day, dan kualitas telur yang terdiri dari bobot telur, indeks kuning telur dan Haugh unit (HU). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi pakan yang disuplementasi tepung daun kelor berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05), sedangkan terhadap konversi pakan, bobot telur, hen day, indeks kuning telur, dan HU tidak berpengaruh nyata (P> 0,05). Suplementasi tepung daun kelor pada pakan dengan level 4 % hingga 8 % dapat menurunkan konsumsi pakan ayam petelur tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kualitas telur yang dihasilkan.
Respon Penetasan Telur Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) pada Tingkatan Suhu yang Berbeda
Authors: Muslim Ilham , Atjo Andi Arham , Darsiani
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to determine the effect of different temperature levels on the hatching rate of common carp eggs. This study consisted of 12 experimental units, in which 4 treatments with 3 replications were applied, namely A (control temperature 22-29 ° C), B (24 ° C), C (temperature 28 ° C), and D (temperature 32 ° C). Temperature, pH, DO and hatching rate was measured for data collection. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95% was performed for statistical analysis. Water quality data were descriptively described. The results showed that the highest number of hatching rate was obtained in treatment D (32 ° C) of 290 (99%), C (28 ° C) of 276 (94%), treatment B (24 ° C) of 251 individuals, and the lowest was observed in treatment A (22-29 ° C) of 242 individuals (83%). Statistically, the temperature of 22-32 ° C did not affect the hatching rate of common carp eggs.

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkatan suhu yang berbeda terhadap daya tetas telur ikan mas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 12 satuan percobaan, yang mana terdapat 4 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan yakni A (kontrol suhu 22-29°C), B (24°C), C (suhu 28°C) dan D (suhu 32°C). Parameter uji meliputi suhu, pH, DO dan daya tetas telur (hatching rate). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan jika menunjukkan pengaruh nyata akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Data kualitas air dijelaskan secara deskriptif sesuai kelayakan hidup ikan mas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah telur yang menetas terbanyak diperoleh pada perlakuan D (32°C) sebesar 290 ekor (99%), perlakuan C (28°C) sebesar 276 ekor (94%), perlakuan B (24°C) sebesar 251 ekor dan terendah pada perlakuan A (22-29°C) sebesar 242 ekor (83%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa suhu 22-32°C tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya tetas telur Ikan Mas.
Karakteristik Probiotik Bakteri Fakultatif Mixotrofik yang Diisolasi dari Tambak Udang
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Jaya Andi Asdar , Amrullah Amrullah , Dahlia Dahlia , Indrayani Indrayani
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: The shrimp farming industry continuously requires new technology in an effort to increase production output. Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms, non-toxic, and without any adverse side effects when administered to aquatic organisms. Mixotrophic facultative bacteria isolated from intensive shrimp ponds are able to decompose ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in pond water. However, the potential of mixotrophic facultative bacteria to become probiotics still needs to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of mixotrophic facultative bacteria in producing extracellular proteolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic. Data obtained in the form of the enzyme activity from four selected isolates of facultative mixotrophic bacteria were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The test results showed that isolates AOB1 isolates did not have extracellular proteolytic activity, AOB1, AOB13, AOB28 isolates had proteolytic and lipolytic activities, while isolates SOB31 had proteolytic, amylolytic, and lipolytic activities.  SOB31 isolate showed the largest proteolytic, amylolytic, and lipolytic activity based on the resulting clear zone.

ABSTRACT: Industri budidaya udang senantiasa membutuhkan teknologi baru dalam upaya peningkatan hasil produksi. Probiotik adalah mikroorganisme nonpatogenik, tidak beracun dan tanpa efek samping yang merugikan bila diberikan pada organisme akuatik.  Bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik yang diisolasi dari tambak udang intensif mampu menguraikan amonia dan hidrogen sulfida dalam air tambak.  Namun potensi bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik un menjadi probiotik masih perlu dievaluasi.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi potensi bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik dalam menghasilkan proteolitik, amilolitik dan lipolitik ekstraseluler.   Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desriptif berupa aktivitas enzimatis empat isolat terpilih bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik.  Hasil uji menunjukkan  bahwa isolat AOB1 tidak memiliki aktivitas proteolitik ekstraseluler, isolat AOB13, AOB28 mempunyai aktivitas proteolitik, amilolitik, dan lipolitik.  Isolat SOB31 memiliki aktivitas  proteolitik, amilolitik dan lipolitik terbesar berdasarkan zona bening yang dihasilkan.