bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
45.1: Invited Paper: Commercialization of World's First all‐phosphorescent OLED Product for Lighting Application
Authors: Tsujimura Takatoshi , Furukawa Keiichi , Ii Hiromoto , Kashiwagi Hiroshi , Miyoshi Masanobu , Mano Shigeru , Araki Hiromitsu , Ezaki Atsuo
Published: October 2012

A highly efficient OLED lighting product using all‐phosphorescent technology, for the first time in the world, is presented. Using proprietary blue phosphorescent emitter, 45 lm/W white emission is achieved at 2800K color temperature. The produced panel has very low driving voltage and small color shift regarding the viewing angle. The successful commercialization of all‐phosphorescent technology would bring great power saving feature for OLED to compete with other technologies.
45.3: Efficient Phosphorescent OLEDs for Warm White And Cool White Lighting Applications
Authors: Xu Xin , Adamovich Vadim , Ma Bin , DeAngelis Alan , Xia Sean , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julie J.
Published: October 2012

We present an all‐phosphorescent warm white OLED pixel with a high efficacy of 63 lm/W and an extended lifetime to LT70=10,000 hours at 3000 cd/m2. This device has an Energy Star white color with CIE 1931 (x, y) = (0.469, 0.428), CCT=2703K and a high CRI=89. We also present a PHOLED pixel for potential cooler white lighting applications with CIE 1931 (x, y)=(0.352, 0.369), and CCT=4809K. At 1000 cd/m2 the power efficacy=57 lm/W.
47.3: Color Separation 3D in a Laser Projection System Using a 2D MEMS Scanner
Authors: Seo Junghoon , Kwon Jaewook , Kim Yongki , Lee Sangkeun , Yoon Chanyoung , Choi Junghwan , Park Soyeon , Lee Seunggyu
Published: October 2012

This experiment created a mobile 2D/3D switchable laser projection system which uses a 2D MEMS scanner. This system can display a two‐dimensional (2D) or a three‐dimensional (3D) image in only one optical engine. In particular, we propose the use of a mobile Color Separation 3D laser projection system that uses different wavelengths of laser diodes. This projection system can display the left and right stereoscopic images simultaneously in one optical engine without using other components such as an alternate color wheel. In this study, the 0.35% and 0.53% crosstalk for left and right has been achieved by separating the wavelengths using filter glasses in a laser projection system consisting of a 2D MEMS scanner and two sets of Red, Green and Blue laser diodes.
48.1: Invited Paper: Panel Self‐Refresh Technology: Decoupling Image Update from LCD Panel Refresh in Mobile Computing Systems
Authors: Kwa Seh , Hayek George R. , Shah Kamal R. , Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: October 2012

Mobile computing and communication devices have become indispensable parts of our lives, with rapidly increasing worldwide adoption of laptops, tablets and smartphones. The ever‐increasing demand for both performance and power efficiency of these devices requires a careful look at optimizing the system architecture. For example, image update from the host processor to the display in these devices is still following the traditional CRT approach, with timing and frame rate tracking the panel refresh frequencies even when the image content is unchanged on the display. In this paper, we present the panel self‐refresh technology that allows decoupling of the image update from LCD panel refresh timing, and show the platform powerperformance optimization opportunities it enables.
48.3 WITHDRAWN 48.4: Invited Paper: Driving Circuit Integration Using Depletion‐Mode Oxide TFTs
Authors: Park KeeChan , Leem HongKyun , Oh HwanSool , Pi Jae‐Eun , Park Sang‐Hee Ko
Published: October 2012

New circuit schemes are needed to integrate display‐driving circuits using oxide TFTs because the oxide TFTs operate only as n‐channel field‐effect transistor and tend to have negative threshold voltages. So we have invented circuits that apply negative gate bias to turn off the TFTs inside themselves. In this paper we report some of these circuits such as scan driver, DC‐DC converter, and level shifter.
49.3: Synthesis of High Quality CdSe Quantum Dots with Tunable Size
Authors: Wang Chun , Qin Feng , Lim Byung Cheon , Yoon Yong Jun , Xu Yubo , Lee Seung Kyu
Published: October 2012

A cheaper, greener approach for the synthesis of highly monodisperse and tunable size CdSe semiconductor quantum dots was developed by thermolysis of a mixed solution of CdO and Se in non‐coordinating solvent 1‐octadecene at 240°C. Systematic vary of the precursor molar ratios allowed the particle size (from 2.5 nm to 5.5 nm) to be tuned and the size distribution (full width at half maximum of photoluminescence spectra from 26 nm to 37 nm) to be controlled. The results revealed that initial Cd:Se molar ratios play an important role in controlling both the size and size distribution of the as‐prepared CdSe quantum dots. Moreover, the obtained CdSe quantum dots are all of zinc blende phase. The possible reason was discussed. The reaction has been conducted in relatively low temperature at 210°C in the absence of expensive organic phosphine ligands, such as trioctylphoshine and trioctylphoshine oxide. This approach has great value for both the laboratory research and industrial application in term of “green chemical principles”.
50.2: Identify the Failure Criteria of Touch Panel Glass in Ball‐Drop Test
Authors: Dai Wei‐Ting , Lin Mao‐Hsing , Huang Kun‐Feng
Published: October 2012

The ball‐drop impact test is frequently used to evaluate the reliability in handheld display products. The finite element analysis provides a convenient way to show kinds of quantitative index to verify the product quality, but the result shows singularly that might affect the failure criteria in glass strength. The stress value at impacted point is too high, due to singularity, to be true and finds out the effective way to confirm is not an easy task in this kind of experiment. This article figures out another quantitative and suitable approach to redefine the criteria of glass failure. The energy approach could be used as an evaluated method and rupture energy from test should be identified for glass to be judged as failure criteria.
51.3: Top‐Emitting OLEDs for Solid State Lighting: High Efficiency by Optical Modeling
Authors: Lüssem Björn , Meerheim Rico , Hofmann Simone , Furno Mauro , Reineke Sebastian , Thomschke Michael , Leo Karl
Published: October 2012

The design of highly efficient top‐emitting OLEDs by optical modeling is described. The main loss channels of top‐emitting OLEDs are quantified and red top‐emitting OLEDs reaching 29% EQE are realized. White top‐emitting OLEDs exhibiting a broad spectrum, high CRI and a luminous efficacy of up to 30 lm/W are presented.
52.3: A Prototype of System‐on‐Glass for 4′ WVGA Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Kuo Ping‐Sheng , Lin Hsiang‐Lin , Chan Chih Cheng , Hu Chih‐Jen
Published: October 2012

A prototype of system‐on‐glass (SOG) with a novel source driver circuit for electrophoretic displays is proposed. With A.C‐common driving and boost circuit, we reduce the source driver to achieve the claim of slim boarder. Source drivers including data shift registers and two‐stage latches were demonstrated in a‐Si:H backplane with low mobility of 0.14 cm2/V‐sec. From measurement, output of the source driver is ± 15V in amplitude with 18 μ sec tr and 9 μ sec tf while the boarder is only 7mm for 110 μ m pixel width.
52.4L: Late‐News Paper: Ultra‐Low‐Power Reflective Display with World's Best Color
Authors: Liu Brad Benson Qin , Koch Tim R. , Mabeck Jeff , Hoffman Randy L. , Mourey Devin A. , Combs Gregg , Zhou Zhang‐Lin , Henze Dick
Published: October 2012

We report an ultra‐low‐power stacked reflective display with world leading print‐like full color. These results were achieved with a novel stacked Electrokinetic Display (EKD) architecture, proprietary electrically addressable inks, high transparency indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplanes, and an efficient method of grayscale driving.
53.3: A Shifting Holographic Fabrication for Switchable LC/Polymer Fresnel Lens
Authors: Song Yue , Ni Shui‐Bin , Tan Jian , Zhong En‐Wei , Liu Shi‐Yu , Lu Jian‐Gang
Published: October 2012

A novel holographic exposure technique for switchable cylindrical structure LC/polymer Fresnel lens is proposed. The one dimension Fresnel pattern can be achieved by interfering two planar and spherical wave fronts with a shifting slit. In this simple fabrication process, the Fresnel pattern is easy to control and the mask is not needed compare to the conventional process. The optical property of the lens is confirmed.
54.1: Color Prediction in an LCD using RGB‐LED Backlights
Authors: Choi Seo Young , Park Du Sik , Kim Chang Yeong , Schanda Janos , Kranicz Balazs , Csuti Peter
Published: October 2012

The CIE standard color matching function is used in the description of color characteristics for stimuli reproduced on displays given that these represent visual sensitivity accurately. If this is not the case, the consequent estimation using the functions would be deviated from what we perceive. This study demonstrates the significant errors caused by applying the current standard color matching function for predicting visual results of color stimuli displayed on an LCD monitor equipped with RGB‐LED backlights. The modified version of the standard color matching function is also introduced with its verification results in the reduction of prediction errors.
54.2: Investigation of Chromaticity Discrimination Ellipses for Displays
Authors: Wen Senfar , Ma He‐Jen
Published: October 2012

Chromaticity discrimination ellipses are measured by the use of an LCD. Measured ellipses agree with MacAdam ellipses but significantly differ from that predicted by the color difference formula CIEDE2000 for red and blue colors. We show that it is possible to develop a new color difference formula of high accuracy for displays.
55.1: Invited Paper: A Novel LCD Structure Using Transparent Polymers Free of Birefringence and Scattering Polymers Free of Wavelength Dependency
Authors: Tagaya Akihiro , Koike Yasuhiro
Published: October 2012

Transparent polymers free of birefringence and scattering polymers free of wavelength dependency are demonstrated. They enable us to improve performance of optical films, pressure sensitive adhesives and backlights. Based on these polymers, we propose a novel LCD structure using a directional backlight and a scattering film.
56.3: Ultra‐flexible Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide (a‐IGZO)
Authors: Transistor Thin Film , Lai Hsin‐Cheng , Tzeng Bo‐Jie , Pei Zingway , Chen Chun‐Ming , Huang Chein‐Jung
Published: October 2012

In this work, we demonstrate an ultra‐flexible a‐IGZO TFT on PEN plastic substrate. The a‐IGZO TFT could be operated well with almost unchanged performance after banding at radius of 4 mm (strain∼1.5%) for more than 100 times. This was implemented the utilization of polymer gate dielectric, poly(4‐vinylpheonol) (PVP). The PVP was then demonstrated with no damage after plasma process equivalent the the a‐IGZO deposition process. Due to the large Young's modulus difference, the stress was believed mainly within polymer gate dielectric. Therefore, after bending, the a‐IGZO was not damaged. In addition to the ultra‐flexibility, the a‐IGZO TFT exhibit mobility around 1.3 cm2/Vs with nearly 6 orders of magnitude current on/off ratio at operation of 10V. The mobility could be further increase by fine‐tuning the a‐IGZO deposition condition. Combing the ultra‐flexibility and the acceptable performance, this technology is suitable to integrate into LCD or OLED implementing ultraflexible display.
57.2: Invited Paper: White OLEDs for General Lighting
Authors: Kido Junji , Sasabe Hisahiro , Yokoyama Daisuke , Pu Yong‐Jin
Published: October 2012

Recent progress in white‐light‐emitting organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) is discussed. High external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 25% have been realized by using phosphorescent emitting materials and highly functionalized charge‐transporting materials, resulting in the high luminous efficiency of 130 lm/W for green OLED and 50 lm/W for white OLED. OLEDs with stacked structures, or multi photon emission structures (MPE), were developed to improve driving lifetime. In these OLEDs, required driving current can be much reduced and lifetime of over 30,000 hrs were achieved.
57.3: Invited Paper: Host and Charge Transport Materials for High Efficiency Deep Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Jun Yeob
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we describe the development of high efficiency deep blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes using high triplet energy host and charge transport materials. The quantum efficiency of deep blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes could be improved above 20% by using high triplet energy bipolar host materials, hole transport materials and electron transport materials.
58.1: Distinguished Paper: Development of Super Hi‐Vision 8Kx4K Direct‐View LCD for Next Generation TV
Authors: Kumakura Takeshi , Shiomi Makoto , Horino Shinji , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Mizushima Shigeaki
Published: October 2012

We have successfully developed a LCD for Super Hi‐Vision. This LCD has a panel of 7680 by 4320 pixels, which is 16 times as many as that of conventional Full‐HD, and it features a diagonal screen size of 85 inches. A single pixel measures 0.245 mm (103PPI). The brightness has been achieved 300 cd/m2 or higher by using low‐load interconnection and UV2A technologies. Additionally, the LC charging time has been extended by quad area and double source line structures. Furthermore, we realized the real‐time display of huge image data with a transmission rate of 72Gbps by high‐definition mounting and high‐speed video processing technologies.
58.3: Pixel Design for Improved 3D TV with One‐Dimensional Integral‐Imaging Method
Authors: Fukushima Rieko , Uehara Shin‐ichi , Takahashi Hideyuki , Azuma Hiroshi , Hirayama Yuzo
Published: October 2012

The one‐dimensional (horizontal parallax only) integral imaging (1D‐II) method realizes a natural and easy‐to‐view 3D display. The 1D‐II method is a display system that has a lenticular sheet in front of a high‐resolution LCD. The use of vertical lenticular sheet is known to provide an excellent spatial frequency of 3D images. For the development of autostereoscopic 3D display with a vertical lenticular sheet, we designed new LCD pixels that can suppress moiré artifacts without reducing opening ratio of pixels. By virtue of this design, we successfully put an easy‐to‐view 3D TV into practical use.
59.1: A Volumetric Display Using a Rim‐Driven Varifocal Beamsplitter and High‐Speed DLP Backlit LCD
Authors: Smithwick Quinn , Smoot Lanny S. , Reetz Daniel
Published: October 2012

We present a high resolution, full color, volumetric display. The display utilizes a novel optical element: the large‐aperture, rim‐driven, adjustable‐resonance, varifocal beamsplitter. The display generates volumetric real images with pixel addressable depth planes. The primary image generator is an RGB liquid crystal panel backlit by a highspeed video projector.
59.2: Three Dimensional Floating Light‐Field Display Based on Spliced Multi‐LCDs
Authors: Peng Yifan , Li Haifeng , Zhong Qing , Liu Xu
Published: October 2012

Novel approach to achieve touchable three dimensional (3D) light field display is investigated. Light field reconstruction principle, multi‐Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) spliced style configuration and diffuser characteristic are analyzed, respectively. The point‐to‐point mapping method in image aberration evaluation is proposed which is used not only in the evaluation of 3D imaging performance, but also to construct the distortion compensation for spliced sub‐images on multi‐LCDs. The calibrating method aims to achieve high performance 3D display with considering the system geometrical arrangement and diffuser characteristics. The touchable floating 3D scene displayed by the prototype can be observed with high image resolution and large continuous viewing area.
59.5: Invited Paper: Visual Perception and Holographic Displays
Authors: Barabas James , Bove V. Michael
Published: October 2012

Holographic displays have the potential to reproduce the natural parallax and focusing affordances of real scenes. Although holographic displays are still far from maturity, no other display technologies have the potential to reproduce these affordances as accurately. This paper outlines current methods for generating images using electronic holography, and reviews visual human‐factors considerations for current and future holographic displays.
60.2: Minimizing Veiling Glare in the High‐Luminance‐Range Visualization of Medical Images
Authors: Choi Mina , Wang Joel , Albani Luigi , Badano Aldo
Published: October 2012

We propose a method to adjust the luminance mapping of medical images on high‐dynamic‐range (HDR) display devices that minimizes perceptual and hardware veiling glare effects. We utilize the DICOM grayscale standard display function to compute the maximum number of just‐noticeable‐differences (JND) for an HDR prototype (dual‐layer LCD). Using previous findings, a unique image will be displayed with a front and back LCD panel such that the combined light modulation produces the most accurate luminance representation of the image and the least hardware glare. Next, we use an empirical, image‐dependent model to analyze regions of interest in the image that may suffer from perceptual veiling glare and adjust the luminance mapping until a reasonable degradation tolerance for detection thresholds is reached.
60.3: Investigation on Viewing Angle Requirements and Glare with Respect to Size of Flat‐panel Television Displays
Authors: Igarashi Youichi , Kubota Satoru , Takemoto Masanori , Kishimoto Kazuyuki , Inoguchi Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Matsumoto Tatsuhiko , Haga Shuichi , Nakatsue Takehiro
Published: October 2012

This paper summarizes the results of an investigation on the viewing angle requirements for large flat‐panel television displays as well as on screen tilting as a means of reducing glare in accordance with the “Ergonomic Design Guidelines for Flat Panel Display Televisions” established by a special committee of the Japan Ergonomics Society. First, taking into account screen size, we investigated viewing angle requirements through a field survey of household television viewing conditions. We then evaluated the influence of the size, mounting height, and tilt of the screen on the occurrence of glare. Next, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the allowable tilt angle for ensuring acceptable viewing comfort and the optimum screen tilt angle for each mounting height. The results can be used as guidelines for adjusting viewing conditions as well as for ergonomic design of flat‐panel television displays.
61.2: Cooling Design of High Power Laser Diodes Array Using Channel Flow and Vapor Chamber Method
Authors: Wang Teng‐Mao , Liu Szu‐Hsien , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Cheng Yao‐Chien , Wang Alex
Published: October 2012

The maximum junction temperature (Tj,max) of high power laser diode array is cooled down by 13% using channel flow method; the junction temperature deviation is also improved by 30% using vapor chamber. With the channel flow design, Tj,max can be lower 6% by introducing air deflector, and lower additional 4% by optimizing the air separator length. With the heat sink aspect ratio optimization, Tj,max can be lower additional 3% by introducing vapor chamber. Furthermore, by the TO‐CAN packaged laser diode device model, the heat path and the distribution of the thermal resistance are thoroughly investigated.
62.1: Invited Paper: Fluorinated Compounds Emission Reduction Activity of WLICC (World LCD Industry Cooperation Committee)
Authors: Ohkura Makoto , Luo Fan , Lee Eui‐Guen , Matsumura Kunio , Niu Frank , Seong Seok‐Hyun
Published: October 2012

In 2003, WLICC agreed to voluntarily reduce FCs emission to 0.82MMTCE by 2010. To achieve the target, improvement of abatement efficiency, development of cost‐effective FCs massive abatement technology, adoption of substitute gases and increase of abatement devices installation were carried out. As a result, the emission in 2010 was reduced to 1.75 MMTCE which is almost double the target as the processed glass area was almost the double of the forecasted value.
62.2: Pixel Controlling Substrate Fabricated by Embedding Millions of Silicon IC Chips in Plastic Substrate and Self‐Aligned Metal Interconnection among Such IC Chips
Authors: Kieu Nguyen Thi Thanh , Yagi Takahiro , Ohdaira Keisuke , Matsumura Hideki
Published: October 2012

This paper presents a novel method to fabricate pixel controlling substrates for LCD and OLED. Instead of a‐Si TFTs, pixels are controlled by millions of Si IC chips embedded in a plastic substrate and metal lines connecting IC chips are formed in a self‐aligned manner by using functional metal ink.
62.3: Production Considerations for Bistable Droplet Driven Electrowetting Displays
Authors: Bitman Andriy , Bartels Frank , Rawert Jürgen , Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: October 2012

The electrowetting displays are widely discussed within the last years. A colored liquid is deformed or moved from a visible to a non‐visible position. The production aspects of such microfluidic structures has to cover microfluidic channel structures, filling procedures, sealing, temperature stability and ‐ electrodes for matrix driving. The requirement of reasonable production costs need to balance these requirements. We will show some examples how the design and production is realized and will present some cost consideration.
63.1: Invited Paper: Sharp, Uniform, Stable, and Environment‐hard Transfer‐Mold Field‐Emitter Arrays
Authors: Nakamoto Masayuki , Moon Jonghyun , Kurota Wataru
Published: October 2012

Sharp, uniform, stable, and environment‐hard field‐emitter arrays (FEAs) have been fabricated by Transfer‐Mold fabrication method. These FEAs have potential for realizing stable and low operation voltage field‐emission displays and field‐emission lamps that are resistant to highly oxidizing atmospheres during the fabrication process.

The extremely sharp and uniform Transfer‐Mold FEAs, which have the average tip radius of 2.6‐3.5 nm, have been developed by using the Transfer‐Mold fabrication method. These tip shapes including height are extremely uniform being different from CNTs' nonuniform tip radii, height and pitch. Also, these tip radii are similar to the diameter of the singlewalled CNTs, 0.4–6 nm, or less than the diameter of the multiwalled CNTs, 5–10 nm. The low operation voltage Transfer‐Mold FEAs has turn‐on fields of 17.5–21.8 V/μm at the short distance between anode and emitter, less than 30 μm. However, other conventional FEAs such as Spindt‐type FEAs, Gray‐type FEAs and CNTs FEAs have the approximated turn‐on fields of 50–600 V/μm. Therefore, those values of the turn‐on voltages are lower than those of other conventional FEAs and can be applicable for vacuum nanoelectronic devices such as FEDs and FELs. The current fluctuations of FEAs without resistive layer are the lowest value ever reported, ±1.6%, compared with 5‐several hundred % of the conventional FEAs. Also, the Transfer‐Mold Mo FEAs having the base lengths of 36–1570 nm without resistive layer, exhibited extremely stable current fluctuations of as low as ±1.6‐3.3% due to the extremely uniform geometric factors. Moreover, those of the environment‐hard Transfer‐Mold FEAs even under the oxygen radical or plasma treatments are as low as ±5.0–7.5%. However, for conventional FEAs with and without resistive layers, those are usually 5–100% and more than 100%, respectively. Therefore, the extremely sharp, uniform, stable, and environment‐hard Transfer‐Mold FEAs are useful for the stable and reliable vacuum nanodevices such as FEDs and FELs to a great extent.
63.2: Field Emission Display with Homogenized Carbon Nanotube Emitters Grown by Resist‐Assisted Patterning Process
Authors: Park Kyu Chang , Eom Young Ju , Lee Su Woong , Kim Chee Young , Lee Choon‐Rae
Published: October 2012

Field emission display (FED) was fabricated with resist‐assisted patterning (RAP) process grown carbon nanotube (CNT) emitters. Electron emission current uniformity was strongly improved by homogenizing process with silicon‐on glass (SOG). The length of CNT emitters was homogenized with SOG coating and selective CNT etching process. Uniform CNT emitters were fabricated with the post‐growth homogenizing process. We fabricated 3 inch FED display with 32 μm sub‐pixel size with the CNT emitters. Electron emission current shows possible operation of the FED with 5 V/μm gate field. The electron emission characteristics and display performance were discussed.
64.4: Submicron Pixel Electrode Structure in IPS Mode
Authors: Yang Joon‐Young , Lee Jung‐Il , Kim Jeom‐Jae , Hwang Yong‐Ki , Park Jung‐Ho
Published: October 2012

To improve the transmittance in IPS mode, submicron pixel electrodes were developed by new patterning process and structure. Unlike typical horizontal electrode structure, the electrodes are vertically formed on the sidewall with our new process. As a simulation result, these submicron electrodes improved transmittance about 10% than conventional type. With this new process, 15‐inch panel was successfully fabricated.
65.3: An Ergonomic Evaluation of Stereoscopic and Deadzone‐free Autostereoscopic Three‐dimensional Displays
Authors: Chao Wei‐Cheng , Chen Chien‐Wen , Dong Ren‐Lang , Chen Ying‐Shan
Published: October 2012

Objective and subjective indicators and methods for comparing the effects of three‐dimensional display technologies on viewer discomfort, fatigue, and satisfaction based on human factors were proposed. Based on 7 indicators (including VA, diopter, pupil size, IOP, HFC, CSV and CFF) and the ergonomic evaluation, the conclusion that PR and deadzone‐free AS displays are better than SG displays could be drawn. In the meantime, a relationship between the visual discomfort/fatigue indicators and causes of physiological feedbacks was inferred from analyzing the experimental data and consulting with the ophthalmologist.
66.4: High Contrast Edgelit Frontlight Solution for Reflective Displays
Authors: Bita Ion , Mienko Marek , Narayanan Kollengode , Wang Lai , Li Kebin , Li Zhengwu , Rao Rashmi , Patel Sapna , Chan Clayton , Gruhlke Russel , Ganti Surya , Gusev Evgeni
Published: October 2012

We developed an LED edgelit frontlight with a large view cone, high contrast in both emissive and reflective modes, and compatibility with fully laminated module architectures. A high volume manufacturing ready glass‐based frontlight lightguide technology is introduced, which includes unidirectionally reflective light turning microstructures having high reflectivity towards the display and low reflectivity towards the viewer.
67.3: LCOS Using a Fringe‐Field Color Filter
Authors: Li Yuet‐Wing , Fan‐Chiang Kuan‐Hsu , Wang Chien‐Tang , Yeh Tsai Chia , Kuo Hung‐Chien , Tsai Hsien‐Chang
Published: October 2012

As the pixel size becomes smaller, the color performance of Color Filter LCOS will be deteriorated by strong Fringing Field Effect (FFE). In this paper, a Fringe Field Color Filter concept is proposed. It can improve the color performance by 30%. The resolution of the Color Filter CFLCOS can be increased by 5 times. Such concept can also be applied on all high PPI Liquid Crystal Display as well.
68.3: WITHDRAWN 68.4L: Late‐News Paper: High‐resolution Printing of OLED Displays
Authors: Ando Makoto , Imai Toshiaki , Yasumatsu Ryo , Matsumi Tatsuya , Tanaka Masanobu , Hirano Takashi , Sasaoka Tatsuya
Published: October 2012

We have developed a high‐resolution printing process for OLED displays and have used it to fabricate a 3‐inch VGA AMOLED display. The resolution and alignment accuracy of the method show a potential to realize displays with resolutions of more than 500 ppi. This meets demands of high‐resolution OLED displays that the mask evaporation process cannot fulfill.
69.1: Invited Paper: Recent Developments in LED Phosphors for Lighting and Display Applications
Authors: Rao Ravilisetty P. , Devine Daniel J.
Published: October 2012

Phosphor‐converted white‐light LEDs are promising as the next generation for lighting applications due to their solid‐state nature, energy savings, compact size, long life, and environmental friendliness. In this presentation, recent developments in LED phosphors for solid‐state lighting (SSL) as well as displays (LCD backlighting) will be presented.
70.3: Display Applications of High Performance and Low Temperature Processed n‐Channel Organic TFTs
Authors: Chiang Shin‐Chuan , Li Ching‐Ho , Chen Yu‐Hsien , Chang Hsi‐Ming , Hsu En , Huang Yen‐Yi
Published: October 2012

High performance N‐type organic TFTs have been fabricated at relatively low temperature (100°C) by spin coating and the electrical performance investigated. Furthermore, the these bias stress stability of these devices using different protocols were also explored. Our results reveal that organic TFTs could be adopted as a potential switch candidate driving display backplanes.
71.1: Invited Paper: Comparison of Three Multi‐view Auto‐stereoscopic 3D Display Technologies
Authors: Langendijk Erno H.A. , Hinnen Karel , Kortekaas Kees
Published: October 2012

On multi‐view auto‐stereoscopic 3D displays, viewers can watch 3D content without wearing goggles. This paper evaluates the expected front‐of‐screen performance and cost aspects of three multi‐view 3D display technologies, i.e. lenticular, barrier and scanning barrier. Among others, it also quantifies the resolution for out‐of‐screen objects and the visibility of artifacts.
71.3: Study on Reducing the Cardboard Effect for Natural Perception Using Adaptive Disparity Mapping
Authors: Shibuhisa Nao , Tokui Kei , Iwauchi Ken‐ichi , Saito Sakae
Published: October 2012

We propose the adaptive disparity mapping method for reducing the cardboard effect. The method is divided into two parts. At first, the perceptual model is defined for modifying spatial layout. Secondly, the differences of adjacent disparities in the objects are interpolated. We conducted a subjective test to evaluate the proposed method applied to the 3D image taken by a smartphone equipped with a twin‐lens camera. The results of our experiments show that the proposed method makes 3D images more roundness and gives a sense of depth.
72.3: A Direct‐View Laser‐Phosphor Display with a High‐Reflection Wide‐Angle‐Scanner
Authors: Ishibashi Osamu , Takanashi Nobuaki , Nozaki Takeo , Aoki Kazuhiko , Honda Takeshi , Tagami Kenji , Yanagita Yoshiho , Imai Hiroshi , Hiroi Noriyoshi , Ohta Masahiko , Nishimura So , Ishikawa Takashi , Kasahara Shinji , Okumura Fujio
Published: October 2012

A bright direct view laser phosphor display with a large scanning angle has been developed. A scan mirror, to which a dielectric multilayer was applied on a glass substrate, achieved over 99% reflectivity and withstands large laser power. An optical scanning angle of over +/‐ 21.5 degrees was verified, which was achieved with our dual moving‐magnet drive design. Expansion optics for expanding the scanning angle by 1.5 times were developed. The effectiveness of the proposed devices was verified by projecting images on the display.
73.1: Role of Glass in Manufacturing of Advanced Displays
Authors: Bocko Peter L.
Published: October 2012

Increasing diversity in display applications, devices and underlying materials technologies have required the glass industry to deliver significant platform innovations for display manufacturing, including new compositions and capabilities such as ultra‐slim flexible glass.
73.2: A 3D Cover Glass for Mobile Devices
Authors: Panda Prakash C. , Black Matthew L. , Cox Judy K. , Ukrainczyk Ljerka , Reiman Kevin B. , Pesansky Jonathan D. , Glaesemann G. Scott
Published: October 2012

A thermal process has been developed to create 3D cover glass for mobile device applications. After forming, the glass is ion‐exchanged to make a strong, damage‐resistant structure. The response of this glass to stress and damage events is equivalent to that of 2D Corning® Gorilla® Glass.
74.2L: Late‐News Paper: 11.7‐inch Flexible AMOLED Display Driven by a‐IGZO TFTs on Plastic Substrate
Authors: Yamaguchi Hajime , Ueda Tomomasa , Miura Kentaro , Saito Nobuyoshi , Nakano Shintaro , Sakano Tatsunori , Sugi Keiji , Amemiya Isao , Hiramatsu Masato , Ishida Arichika
Published: October 2012

Threshold voltage shifts of a‐IGZO TFTs on plastics against bias‐temperature stress were successfully reduced below 0.03 V, equivalent to those on glass substrates. We have developed an 11.7‐inch qHD (960xRGBx540) flexible bottom‐emission active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) driven by a‐IGZO TFT backplane fabricated on a transparent polyimide film.
74.3L: Late‐News Paper: Flexible Colour Active Matrix EP Display Using Low Distortion oTFT Backplanes
Authors: Cain Paul A. , Watts James D. , Norval Shane A. , Reeves William
Published: October 2012

We have developed a method of manufacturing low distortion backplanes on plastic substrates. These backplanes allow consistent overlay of frontplanes and printed structures onto the backplane pixels, ensuring a wider compatibility of plastic electronics with other existing display technologies. We show a first example of the use of this technology to manufacture colour plastic electrophoretic displays.
75.1L: Late‐News Paper: Human Representation System: A Multi‐View Display Using a QDA Screen with Multiple Cameras
Authors: Ozawa Shiro , Mieda Satoshi , Yao Yasuhiro , Kawakami Tohru , Nasu Senshi , Ishinabe Takahiro , Kano Mitsuru , Sasai Mutsumi , Suzuki Yoshito , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: October 2012

A human representation system is developed that consists of a multi‐view display that uses a Quantized‐Diffusion‐Angle (QDA) screen and multiple cameras. A perspective transformation method is also developed to eliminate problems that occur in observing multi‐view displays.
75.3L: Late‐News Paper: Ultra‐Compact Laser‐Based Pico‐Projector Architectures
Authors: Abu‐Ageel Nayef
Published: October 2012

A novel mirrored light pipe (MLP) that can simultaneously perform laser beam combining, laser despeckling, color mixing and light integration with control over angular and spatial intensity of light delivered to each pixel on the micro‐display is presented. The simplicity and design versatility of the MLP technology enable ultra‐compact high‐efficiency focus‐free panel‐based pico‐projector architectures.
75.4L: Late‐News Paper: The Path to 100 lm/W in Embedded Projection: a New DLP‐Based Imaging Architecture using MEMS Spatial Light Modulator‐Based Diffractive Illumination and UV Laser‐Pumped Phosphor or Quantum Dot Down‐Conversion
Authors: Cable Adrian , Smith Euan , McCaughan Gareth , Davis Mike , Kempf Jeff , Withnall Robert , Silver Jack
Published: October 2012

Low efficiency (< 20 lm/W) and brightness are critical problems to solve before embedded projection in consumer electronics devices can become mainstream. Here we present a novel DLP‐based projection architecture offering efficiencies approaching 100 lm/W using a MEMS‐based diffractive spatial light modulator backlight and UV laser‐pumped phosphor/quantum dot down‐conversion.
P‐2: Turn‐type full Color 3‐D Display System Using Arrays of LEDs
Authors: Miyakoshi Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Yasutada , Fukuda Ichiro
Published: October 2012

We previously developed a depth sampling system display designed using LED as its source of luminescence. The previously developed version was designed with 8 gradations per primary color. The authors have successfully developed it into a version with 256 gradations per primary color, capable of displaying a full color image.
P‐3: A Simple Measure to Reduce Optical Crosstalk in an Autostereoscopic Display with Field‐Sequential Method and Directional Backlight System
Authors: Hayashi Akinori , Sakai Akira , Kometani Tomohiro , Ito Hiroshi
Published: October 2012

A full resolution auto‐stereoscopic LCD with field‐sequential (time‐sequential) method and a unique directional backlight system has been developed [1][2]. In this paper, we describe a simple countermeasure to reduce optical cross‐talk in the display.
P‐4: Analysis of Directional Backlight Autostereoscopic Display Timing Crosstalk
Authors: Yung‐Yu Hsieh , Jhen‐Shen Liao , Hung‐Hsiang Chen
Published: October 2012

CPT has successfully developed the 4.8′ WVGA 3D display viewed without wearing glasses while can show full‐resolution and switching 2D/3D display.

Three‐dimensional display in the time division is needed for faster frame rates and faster liquid crystal response time. When liquid crystal response time can not demand the LCD fast frame rates, it will produce crosstalk. Therefore, we propose a simple test of picture and methods.
P‐6: A New Integrated Scan Driver using Oxide TFTs with Negative Threshold Voltage
Authors: Huh Jin , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: October 2012

A new integrated scan driver composed of oxide TFTs with a negative threshold voltage is proposed for LCDs and AMOLED displays. By introducing a new circuit, which consists of two clock sets, SCLKs and PCLKs, with different low voltage levels and two DC voltage sources, VH and VL, the effect of a high off‐current of oxide TFTs at VGS = 0V was minimized and thus the scan driver showed stable operation by the negative threshold voltage of −2V. Furthermore, the proposed driver requires only two capacitors; therefore, it can be compactly implemented on a panel without additional increase of area. The operation of the proposed scan driver was fully verified by SPICE simulations.
P‐8: Low Power Gate Driver Circuits for Narrow Bezel Panel Application
Authors: Zheng Guang‐Ting , Liu Po‐Tsun , Wu Meng‐Chyi , Yang Meng‐Chuan , Chu Li‐Wei , Wu Che‐Yao
Published: October 2012

A new integrated gate driver applies multi‐clock signals to enable the pulling up transistor to have ability of output discharging. It has been verified to achieve low power consumption, high reliability, and narrow size for TFT‐LCD application. Moreover, a 4.2‐inch WVGA panel employing a‐Si:H TFT‐LCD process has been successfully demonstrated.
P‐12: Self‐Aligned Bottom Gate LTPS Backplanes without Ion‐Implantation Process
Authors: Kanegae Arinobu , Hayashi Hiroshi , Nishida Kenichirou , Saitoh Tohru , Komori Kazunori
Published: October 2012

We developed and fabricated self‐aligned bottom gate LTPS backplanes without ion‐implantation process. CW green laser is used to fabricate polycrystalline silicon, and self‐alignment photo‐sensitive SiO coating film is used as a channel etch stopper. For high performance TFT backplanes, we developed CMOS process that allows us to operate CMOS circuits. Our developed TFT shows high mobility and high reliability.
P‐13: High Performance Ink‐Jet‐Printed TFTs on Solution Wetting Polymer Gate Dielectric Layer
Authors: Kang Woogun , Kitamura Masatoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: October 2012

We have demonstrated high performance C60 thin‐film transistors by inkjet‐printing technology. C60 inks was jetted onto a polymer or self‐assembled monolayers gate dielectric layer, then vacuum‐dried to form uniform thin films. Inkjet‐printed C60 thin‐film transistors on a polymer gate dielectric layer showed an electron mobility of 1.6 cm2/Vs in operating voltage of 5 V. These results are attributed to high uniformity of vacuum‐dried C60 thin films and low charge trap density between C60 thin films and gate dielectric layer interface.
P‐14: a‐IGZO TFT Based Pixel Circuits for AM‐OLED Displays
Authors: Jung Hyunseung , Kim Yongchan , Kim Youngseok , Chen Charlene , Kanicki Jerzy , Lee Hojin
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we analyze application of amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide thin film transistors (a‐InGaZnO TFTs) to voltage‐driven pixel electrode circuit that could be used for 4.3‐in. wide video graphics array (WVGA) full color active‐matrix organic light‐emitting displays (AM‐OLEDs). Simulation results, based on a‐InGaZnO TFT and OLED experimental data, show that both device sizes and operational voltages can be reduced when compared to the same circuit using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) TFTs. Moreover, the a‐InGaZnO TFT pixel circuit can compensate for the threshold voltage variation (ΔVTH) of driving TFT within acceptable operating error range.
P‐19: A New Small Sized Integrated Scan & Emission Driver for Compact AMOLED Displays
Authors: Huh Jin , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: October 2012

A new small sized integrated scan driver for small sized and high definition LCD and AMOLED display is proposed in this paper. By introducing a new simple circuit, the number of output buffers (n) of a scan driver shares only one shift register. Therefore, the number of total shift registers is reduced by 1/n and thus total area for scan driver is significantly reduced by 40 %. By applying the proposed circuit, a new small sized scan & emission driver is also proposed. This driver can precisely control the initial time for sampling of threshold voltage of DTFT in a pixel. The proposed drivers were verified by SPICE simulation by using LTPS P‐type TFT models.
P‐20: A Universal Circuit Model for Optical Response Simulation of Active‐Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Kim Jong‐Man , Cho Youngmin , Kim Jongbin , Lee Seung‐Hyuck , Kim Minkoo , Kim Kwangjoon , Lee Seung‐Woo , Goh Joon‐Chul , Chai Chong Chul
Published: October 2012

We propose a behavioral circuit model to predict optical responses of an active‐matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD). In order to verify our model's universality, we apply it to TN, PVA, and IPS AMLCDs. The simulation results of the transient optical responses show excellent matches with the measurement ones regardless of types of LCDs.
P‐22: Metal‐Oxide TFT with Mobility and Stability Comparable to LTPS‐TFT
Authors: Yu Gang , Shieh Chan‐Long , Foong Fatt , Wang Guangming , Xiao Tian , Musolf Juergen , Ottosson Kristoffer , Berkoff Bruce , Nilsson Boo
Published: October 2012

We present a non‐IGZO based MOTFT with mobility beyond 53 cm2/Vsec, and with stability surpassing the numbers from high‐end SLA type LTPS‐TFT. The performance parameters allow one to make large‐size AMOLED TVs with all the future formats in discussion (e.g., 8Kx4K with 480 Hz frame time). Such high performance MOTFT can also be made on flexible substrate at low temperature. We thus provided a “dream” TFT technology sufficient to address all potential display applications in the foreseeable future, beyond a 10 year horizon.
P‐140L: Late‐News Poster: Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Films on Flexible Glass by Blue‐Multi‐Diode‐Laser Annealing as a New LTPS
Authors: Noguchi Takashi , Nishinohara Takuma , Mugiraneza Jean de Dieu , Shirai Katsuya , Okada Tatsuya , Itoh Taketsugu
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we have successfully crystallized the amorphous silicon thin films on flexible thin glass of 100 μm by adopting blue‐multi‐diode‐laser annealing. The crystallized films on flexible thin glass showed high crystallinity and good electrical properties as well as on the conventional thick glass with the thickness of 0.7 mm.
P‐141L: Late‐News Poster: Characterization of Physical Parameter‐Based Reliability on the Negative Bias Illumination Stress with Wavelength‐Dependence in Amorphous Silicon Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Jeong Hyun Kwang , Hur Inseok , Kim Woojoon , Kim Jaehyeong , Kong Dongsik , Kim Yongsik , Bae Minkyung , Choi Sunwoong , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Jung Keum‐Dong , Park Mun‐Soo , Yoo Moon‐Hyun
Published: October 2012

We characterized the subgap density‐of‐states (DOS)‐based reliability in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin film transistors (TFTs). Physical origins of the negative bias illumination stress (NBIS)‐induced threshold voltage shift (ΔVT) with wavelength‐dependence are quantitatively and systematically investigated. As a result, the photon energy is closely related to a creation of subgap states and the rate of ΔVOX (charge trapping into the gate insulator) /ΔVT is determined by the relation between the photon energy and the band offset. Our methodology is expected to be very useful for the development of next generation large‐area high performance active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) technology.
P‐23: Application of Digital Micro Hinge display Technology in Biosensing
Authors: Mphepö Wallen , Bian Boye , Li DingZhe , Li Ruoting
Published: October 2012

Convergence and the ability to harness intrinsic properties of some display technologies can open up new dimensions to the ubiquitous mobile devices. Biosensing mobile displays being one such dimension we hereby present based on our Digital Micro Hinge [DMH] Display technology research. Interest in such biosensing devices is obvious from the recently announced $10 million Qualcomm Tricorder X Prize competition.
P‐26: Ultra High Efficiency Beam Forming Solid State Lighting Luminaires
Authors: Flasck Richard
Published: October 2012

A new solid state lighting hybrid optical system for beam forming luminaires is presented. The system comprises a Lambertian LED array, a nonimaging optic, and an image forming projection lens. Results from simulations and prototype measurements verify both Gaussian and top hat beam profiles, ultra high efficiency and net luminaire efficacy of >70 lumens per watt under real‐world conditions.
P‐27: An Unplugged Electronic Display
Authors: Tu Chun‐Hao , Kung Kuo‐Sen , Jhan Ren‐Hong , Hsiao Ya‐Zhi , Lin Ting‐Chun , Wu Wei‐Cheng , Tseng Jen‐Pei , Chang Jiun‐Jye , Chiang Ming‐Feng , Liau Wei‐Lung
Published: October 2012

The unplugged electronic display were fabricated and investigated in this study. The electro phoretic display (EPD) and solar cell device were laminated as an ultra thin structure, leading to a flexible, light and unbroken characteristics. Also, surface engineering for dust‐proof and water‐proof was performed for product application. Furthermore, the electricity generated by solar cells can support the operation of EPD device by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology.
P‐143L: Late‐News Poster: New Characterization of 3D Performance for Multi‐view Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Jung Sung‐Min , Lee Keong‐Jin , Jang Jin‐Hyuk , Kang Ji‐Na , Lee Yong‐Ku , Lee Seung‐Chul , Lim Kyoung‐Moon , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: October 2012

In this study, we presented new concepts defining 3D crosstalk and 3D blur for autostereoscopic displays for multi‐view autostereoscopic displays. First, we measured the angular dependencies of luminance for 9‐view autostereoscopic displays under test patterns of given view and then calculated the 3D crosstalk with the measured luminance profiles. Our new approach gives just a single 3D crosstalk value of similar order to the conventional stereoscopic displays. For the 3D blur, we measured the size of 3D blur of the given 9‐view system with the angular distribution of luminance and a given parallax disparity. From the results, we believe that this new approach is very useful for comparing the 3D crosstalk and 3D blur as 3D performances of various autostereoscopic displays.
P‐144L: Late‐News Poster: Novel Transparent LCD with Tunable Transparency
Authors: Lin Ching‐Huan , Lo Wen‐Bin , Liu Kang‐Hung , Liu Chu‐Yu , Lu Jen‐Kuei , Sugiura Norio
Published: October 2012

Transmittance of conventional LCDs, which are not suitable for application of transparent displays, is limited by its fixed color gamut. A new structure of transparent display was developed to freely control the color gamut for tuning the transmittance. Its sub‐pixel was separated into two parts, colored & white, in order to control the transmittance of each part independently. The maximum transmittance could increase more than twice of original design. A vending machine with the transparent display has been demonstrated. People can see goods, get its information and interact with special program at the same time through touch with reasonable sense of space.
P‐28: The Major Factors of Viewing Comfort on Autostereoscopic Display by Taguchi Experiment Design
Authors: Wang Pei‐Chia , Lin Ming‐Hui , Huang Hsiao‐Ting , Chang Yung‐Sheng , Wen Chao‐Hua , Wang Yao‐Lien , Chen Chin‐Sen , Hwang Sheue‐Ling
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the impactful factors and the best levels combination of display luminance, ambient illumination, disparity, brightness contrast ratio, and viewing duration on visual comfort when watching the autostereoscopic display. The results can be applied in the 3D display industry.