bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐58: Surface‐discharge Characteristics of Magnesium Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Ion Beam‐assisted Deposition
Authors: Yu Zhi‐Nong , Yu Soon‐Jae , Seo Jong‐Wook , Zheng De‐Xiu , Sun Jian
Published: January 2005

To improve lifetime of AC plasma display panel, surface glow discharge characteristics of MgO films prepared by ion beam‐assisted deposition have been investigated. With MgO film prepared by evaporation of MgO and simultaneous argon ion bombardment with energy of about 300eV and oxygen introduction at a partial pressure of about 0.2mTorr, the discharge voltage values are comparable with those of e‐beam evaporated MgO films. Moreover, the sample prepared shows more sputter‐resistant properties than samples prepared by the electron‐beam method. It is believed that ion beam assisted method is appropriate to deposit MgO film for a protective layer for AC‐PDP.
P‐64: Improvement of Color Gamut Using New Auxiliary Negative Pulse in AC‐PDPs
Authors: Kim Hyun , Jang Sang‐Hun , Tae Heung‐Sik , Chien Sung‐Il
Published: January 2005

A new auxiliary negative pulse is proposed to improve the color purity by reducing the neon (Ne) emission of 585 nm in an ac PDP. Applying the auxiliary negative pulse to the address electrodes during a sustain‐period induces a new discharge mode that can reduce the Ne emission remarkably. For this new discharge mode, the change in the Ne emission intensity including the discharge characteristics is measured and the corresponding mechanism is also analyzed. As a result, it is found that a color gamut area is expanded by approximately 8.5 % in comparison with a conventional case.
6.1: Cuttability of AMLCD Glass Substrates
Authors: Ono Toshihiko , Ishida Yoko
Published: January 2005

The cuttability of AMLCD glass substrates was investigated using the scoring/separation method. Eagle2000™ glass was judged as the best glass to cut due to a lower probability of lateral crack creation with steep tip angled wheels. This is a benefit for thin glass cutting operations.
P‐68: Vertically Aligned Dyed Cholesteric LCoS Microdisplay
Authors: Coates David , Reaney Suzanne , Sabir Javed
Published: January 2005

A monocolour SXGA resolution LCoS microdisplay was used to demonstrate the features of the vertically aligned dyed cholesteric liquid crystal mode. It exhibits a very high brightness of 55% reflectance with an acceptable contrast ratio of over 3:1 when driven at 5v. Higher drive voltages provide better contrast ratios. Some important device parameters are discussed.
P‐69: Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Dichroic Dye Displays
Authors: Zhang F. , Yang D.‐K.
Published: January 2005

We have developed two types of polymer stabilized cholesteric dichroic dye displays. In the first type, an anisotropic polymer network perpendicular to the cell surface was formed by photo‐polymerization in the homeotropic texture in the presence of an electric field. The polymer network enhanced the hysteresis of the voltage‐transmittance curve, and the material can be operated in bistable mode at a bias voltage in the hysteresis loop. In the second type, a random polymer network was formed by photo‐polymerization in the isotropic phase at an elevated temperature. The polymer network suppressed the hysteresis, and the material can be operated in gray scale mode. The displays had high on‐state transmittance, good contrast ratios, and were suitable for direct view display applications.
P‐70: Optimization of Dye Concentration in Reflective Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Zhou Fangfang , Khan Asad
Published: January 2005

The detailed study of the relationship between dye concentration and optical characteristics of reflective cholesteric LCDs is presented. It is found that color purity, chromaticity, lightness, and contrast ratio are dependent on the dye concentration. This provides a method to achieve the optimal optical characteristics of Ch‐LCDs by simply adjusting the dye concentration.
P‐73: Measurement of Molecular Motion in V‐Mode Polymer‐Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays Using Ellipsometry
Authors: Xu Jun , Kobayashi Shunsuke
Published: January 2005

Measurement of molecular motion in two kinds of polymer‐stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal displays showing thresholdless switching (V‐mode PS‐FLCDs) has been carried out with objective at distinguishing molecular conformation and switching between two V‐mode PS‐FLCDs. Based on these results, the different essences of the thresholdless electro‐optic characteristics are clearly demonstrated.
P‐75: Fast Nonchiral Smectic C Liquid Crystal Display Mode in a Transverse Electrode Configuration
Authors: Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Jin‐Yun , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: January 2005

We demonstrated a fast liquid crystal (LC) display mode based on a nonchiral smectic C (NSC) LC with analog gray scales in a transverse electrode configuration and analyzed the display performances by means of two‐dimensional numerical simulation; In this configuration, wide viewing properties were also achieved. The analog gray scales in the NSC LC mode are obtained in a dielectrically driving scheme as those in the nematic LC mode.
P‐77: Faster Transfer Matrix Computation for LCD Optics
Authors: Barrick George F.
Published: January 2005

A new approach to the computation of transfer matrices is introduced for 4×4 display optics. This method calculates the same transfer matrices as the eigenvector and the Cayley‐Hamilton methods, but is faster because less arithmetic is required.
P‐83: Grey Scale Control of TIR Using Electrophoresis of Sub‐Optical Pigment Particles
Authors: Mossman Michele A. , Whitehead Lorne A. , Rao S. P.
Published: January 2005

Recently, a reflective display technique was introduced, in which total internal reflection is selectively frustrated through electrophoresis of pigment particles. Grey‐scale control of such reflection has now been achieved, using suspensions of sub‐optical, non‐scattering particles to modulate the real and imaginary component of the effective refractive index near the interface where the reflection occurs.
P‐91: Gray Scale Stabilization in a Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display Mode on Self‐Induced Micro‐Domain Array
Authors: Yoon Tae‐Young , Park Jae‐Hong , Lee Won‐Je , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: January 2005

We demonstrated that a self‐induced micro‐domain array plays a critical role in improving the gray scale stability in a twisted nematic mode. The self‐induced micro‐domain array is produced from the spatial variation of the effective voltage across the liquid crystal layer on the surface geometric grating.
6.4: Crystallization of Ultra‐low Temperature ITO by XeCl Excimer Laser Annealing
Authors: Chung Wonsuk , Thompson Michael O. , Wickboldt Paul , Toet Daniel , Carey Paul G.
Published: January 2005

The effect of excimer laser (XeCl, λ=308nm) annealing on ITO films deposited at 25°C using DC magnetron sputtering has been studied. With increasing laser fluence, the film crystallinity is improved while retaining the as‐deposited <111> texture. Electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and surface roughness are all significantly enhanced by the laser annealing.
7.1: Invited Paper: De‐interlacing Techniques for High Quality Image Display
Authors: Harradine Vince , Le Quang Dam
Published: January 2005

Traditional approaches to the problem of de‐interlacing video images typically result in a trade‐off between vertical image resolution verses temporal image resolution. This paper presents an adaptive solution that not only takes into account inter‐frame motion but also particular edge information that aids to the reduction of familiar de‐interlacing artifacts.
15.1: A Method to Measure the Optical Uniformity of LCOS Displays
Authors: Bone Matthew , Davidson Iain
Published: January 2005

A novel method to measure the optical uniformity of LCOS displays has been developed. The technique measures spatial variation in the electro‐optic curve over the active area of a display using a CCD and automated data acquisition system. Spatial non‐uniformities in cell gap of 1/10th a fringe are measured and characterized quickly (<15s). The experimental method will be described and the results of measurements and data analysis on sample LCOS imagers will be presented. The method is well suited to monitoring process capability and has been implemented as an in line test.
17.2: Detectability and Annoyance of Synthetic Blocky and Blurry Video Artifacts
Authors: Farias Mylène C. Q. , Moore Michael S. , Foley John M. , Mitra Sanjit K.
Published: January 2005

In order to study video artifacts and their effect on perceived quality, it is desirable to create synthetic artifacts that are less complex than compression artifacts, yet have the same appearance. These should be produced by a standard method, be adjustable and combinable, and produce a wide range of quality. This paper describes a method for generating two synthetic artifacts, shows that they have these properties and that their thresholds and annoyance values are closely related to those of MPEG‐2 artifacts.
17.3: Color Correction in TFTLCD Displays for Compensation of Color Dependency with the Viewing Angle
Authors: Marcu Gabriel , Chen Wei , Chen Kok , Graffagnino Peter , Andrade Olav , Krah Chris
Published: January 2005

Most today's twisted nematic TFTLCD displays show a color dependency with the viewing angle. This paper describes a method for compensation of the pixel color variations in these displays relative to a single viewer position. The color correction can be recomputed automatically as the viewer position changes, as long as the position is known. The method determines the color correction required for each pixel of the screen, such that a single viewer for a given position can see the color unaffected by the viewing angle differences to the screen. Color is measured in few points over the screen relative to a viewer position, and then an interpolation procedure is used to compute the color correction for each intermediate pixel, between the measured positions. The measurements for different positions of the viewer are used in a second interpolation procedure for computing color correction for intermediate position of the viewer between the measured positions. The method was experimented for portable and desktop displays. It was found that, for relative small viewing angle variations, with acceptable approximation, the color variation with the viewing angle can be modeled as variations of the transfer function. It was found that the proposed method can also be effectively used to compensate for panel uniformity.
17.4: Low‐cost Method to Improve Viewing‐Angle Characteristics of Twisted‐Nematic Mode Liquid‐Crystal Displays
Authors: Wright S. L. , Greier P. F.
Published: January 2005

By processing pixel data, a low‐cost halftone method is proposed to improve viewing‐angle characteristics of TN‐mode TFTLCDs. The algorithm reduces the occurence of pixels in natural images with mid‐tone graylevels, preserving the local luminance. The improvement in viewing‐angle characteristics occurs with some loss of image detail. As the pixel density is increased, the halftone pattern becomes less noticeable.
19.3: Hot Impinging Jet Approach for Drying Dielectric Layer of 42 in. PDP
Authors: Cho Insoo , Shin Kwangbok
Published: January 2005

Drying process of printed dielectric layer on PDP glass substrates has been taken through the drying furnace for around more than 40 minutes. Drying approach by hot air impinging jet on printed dielectric layer is introduced. It is at most taken 2 and half minutes to dry printed dielectric layer while glass substrate moves at moderate speed.
21.3: A New Patterning Method for Full‐Color Polymer Light‐Emitting Devices: Laser Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI)
Authors: Lee Seong Taek , Lee Jun Yeob , Kim Mu Hyun , Suh Min Chul , Kang Tae Min , Choi Yun Jin , Park Joon Young , Kwon Jang Hyuk , Chung Ho Kyoon , Baetzold John , Bellmann Erika , Savvateev Vadim , Wolk Martin , Webster Steven
Published: January 2005

We have developed a new color patterning method for the patterning of full color polymer light‐emitting devices. Laser Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) involves the imagewise exposure of a thermal transfer film with a scanning near infrared laser. During the process, light emitting polymer (LEP) is transferred from a thermal film to a circuitized substrate. Using the technology, we fabricated a 3.6″ QVGA full color active matrix polymer light‐emitting device (PLED).
24.4: Image Analysis of High‐Definition LCDs with AG Films by Novel Ray Tracing Simulation
Authors: Amimori Ichiro , Matsunaga Naohiro , Arai Tsutomu , Mori Hiroyuki , Shinagawa Yukio
Published: January 2005

We studied an image distortion of high‐definition LCDs with anti‐glare (AG) films using novel ray tracing simulation that we developed. We have succeeded in describing the inner diffusion effect for decreasing glittering using our simulation. We have analyzed and quantitatively evaluated displayed images that pass through AG films.
8.2 Invited Paper: High Resolution LCD Technologies for the IBM T220/T221 Monitor
Authors: Hosoya Y. , Wright S. L.
Published: January 2005

The IBM T220/T221 monitor has 9.2 million pixels with a density of 204 pixels per inch. This is the highest information content display ever produced, and received by SID 2001 Display of the Year Silver Award. This talk describes the key LCD technologies enabling the production of this display.
8.3: Characterization of Physical Image Quality of a 3‐Million‐Pixel Monochrome AMLCD: DICOM Conformance, Spatial MTF, and Spatial NPS
Authors: Blume Hartwig , Steven Peter , Cobb Marlin , Ho Annie , Stevens Fred , Roehrig Hans , Fan Jiahua
Published: January 2005

A high degree of conformance of a 3‐million‐pixel monochrome LCD with the DICOM Standard Display Function is achieved by spatial and temporal modulation. The spatial modulation transfer function (MTF) is found to be very close to 1 up to the Nyquist frequency. Visual comparisons of the LCD and high‐resolution monochrome CRTs with P45 phosphors indicate that the spatial noise levels are comparable. The measured spatial noise power spectra (NPS) on the other hand are higher than the actual noise powers appear to be. The measured noise levels are affected by the systematic structures of the display which we have not been able to eliminate totally from the noise power spectra.
26.3: Multidirectional Asymmetrical Microlens‐Array Light Control Films for High Performance Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Huang Yi‐Pai , Ko Fu‐Jen , Shieh Han‐Ping David , Chen Juie‐Jun , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: January 2005

The multidirectional asymmetrical microlens array light control film (MAMA‐LCF) is developed to enhance the image brightness and contrast ratio of reflective liquid crystal displays. Through optimized designs and optical alignments, the MAMA‐LCF which is constructed with asymmetrical microlens arrays, leads to a ∼5× gain in brightness over the MgO standard white and 12:1 contrast ratio for color STN‐LCDs, 10× gain and 11.5:1 contrast ratio for PDLC, and 9× gain over the conventional Ch‐LCD. In each display, the light control film does not induce visible surface diffusion, moiré patterns and parallax.
26.4: Modeling Method for a Single Polarizer Reflective STN‐LCDs Containing Either a Mirror or Holographic Slanted Reflector
Authors: Montbach Erica N. , Bos Philip J.
Published: January 2005

A modeling method is discussed which considers the variables of the LC layer without the added variables of the polarizer and retarders. This method assumes that the polarization input into the LC layer will be well defined and makes no assumptions about the polarization between the LC layer and the reflector. This assumption need not be adjusted for a holographic slanted reflector (HSR), and is more generally applicable then previous optimization methods.
26.5: Requirements on Backlights for LCD's with Transmissive Cholesteric Color Filters
Authors: Creemers Tijsbert M. H. , Cornelissen Hugo J. , Doornkamp Ciska , Wegh René T.
Published: January 2005

Transmission spectra of interference color filters are calculated for various light sources and angular distributions of incident light. Using conventional lamps, the achievable color gamut is poor for all angular distributions. To improve performance, a different light source and pre‐shifted plus broadened reflection windows of the interference filters should be used.
28.1: High‐Mobility Poly‐Si TFTs Employing XeCl Excimer Laser Annealing on Selectively Floating a‐Si Thin Film
Authors: Kim Cheon‐Hong , Song In‐Hyuk , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

High‐mobility poly‐Si TFTs have been fabricated by a simple ELA method which employs a selectively floating a Si active layer. Large lateral grains exceeding 4μm have been grown. The proposed poly‐Si TFT exhibits a high field—effect mobility of 459cm2/Vsec due to the reduction of grain boundaries perpendicular to current path.
29.3L: Late‐News Paper: Eye‐Trace Integration Effect on The Perception of Moving Pictures and A New Possibility for Reducing Blur on Hold‐Type Displays
Authors: Sekiya Kazuo , Nakamura Hajime
Published: January 2005

A detailed analysis on “eye‐trace integration” which causes the degradation of moving pictures is made. Some intrinsic characteristics and questions are found and the visual results that show the effects of the overdrive and the intraframe blanking are obtained. Also a new possibility is found, that could produce a better view without using blanking.
30.4: Ramp Setup Design Technique in Three‐electrode Surface‐discharge AC‐PDPs
Authors: Sakita Koichi , Takayama Kunio , Awamoto Kenji , Hashimoto Yasunobu
Published: January 2005

A simple model to calculate change in wall voltage at ramp‐discharge in three‐electrode AC‐PDPs was developed. The locus of the cell voltage during the ramp setup can be graphically portrayed on a cell voltage plane. During ramp discharging, the cell voltage point moves along the Vt close curve. A new ramp setup waveform with a wide voltage margin was designed using this technique.
31.1: SXGA Resolution FLC Microdisplays
Authors: Birch Martin , Krüerke Daniel , Yates Chris , Macartney Andrew , Peden Derek , Coates David
Published: January 2005

We describe an SXGA format, ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (FLCOS) microdisplay. Details of the optimisation of the device for near eye and projection applications are given. This includes discussion of drive schemes and the alignment options and device geometries necessary for bistable device operation.
P‐2: A Novel Structure of AMLCD Panel Using Poly‐Si CMOS TFT
Authors: Yang J. Y. , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Park Yong‐In , Lim Kyoung‐Moon , Kim Chang‐Dong
Published: January 2005

In the fabrication of CMOS AMLCD panel, there has been much effort to reduce the number of mask steps in order to achieve the simpler process as well as the low‐cost production. In this paper, we report a 3.5‐inch QVGA CMOS AMLCD panel with 6‐bit driver and DAC through the 7‐mask process that requires fewer mask steps than conventional 9‐mask process.
P‐14: Polarity‐Balanced Driving to Reduce VTH Shift in a‐Si for Active‐Matrix OLEDs
Authors: You Bong‐Hyun , Nam Woo‐Jin , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Han Chang‐Wook , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

A new driving scheme, which consists of dual scan line and 2 driving TFTs, employing a‐Si TFT rather than the low temperature poly‐Si for AMOLED is proposed. The proposed scheme was verified by circuit simulation with parameters extracted from experimental results. The recovery of threshold voltage by successive positive and negative bias may contribute the reliability of OLED display.
P‐59: A Novel Fluorescent Display Using Light Wave Coupling Technology
Authors: Heikenfeld J. , Allen S. C. , Steckl A. J.
Published: January 2005

A novel fluorescent pixelated display and signage technology is reported using light wave coupling (LWC). Full‐color LWC devices have been demonstrated with >2 lm/W, >500:1 contrast, and >1000 cd/m2 luminance. With use of existing display components, theoretical performance of ∼1 ms pixel response time, lifetime >30,000 hrs, and >10 lm/W efficiency, are fully expected for flexible and rigid panels.
P‐64: Modeling of a Color‐Separating Backlight with Internal Mirrors
Authors: Selviah D. R. , Wang K.
Published: January 2005

Ray tracing models the behavior of a LCD color separating backlight to optimize its efficiency by establishing the optimum dimensions and position for a micro‐mirror array within the lightguide. It also includes a total internal reflection lightguide, arrays of three color LED light sources, cylindrical micro‐lenses and discrete color separating diffraction gratings.
P‐100: A Transflective Liquid Crystal Display in a Multimode Configuration
Authors: Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Jinyool , Kim Dong‐Woo , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: January 2005

We report on a transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) in a multimode configuration consisting of an electrically controllable birefringence mode and a hybrid aligned nematic mode. In this configuration, the multimode transflective LCD was obtained by a single‐step exposure of ultraviolet light, blocked by a metal reflector in the reflective area as an amplitude photomask, producing an alternating homogeneous and homeotropic geometry with no additional fabrication processes and cell gap variations.
P‐103: Wide‐Gamut Color Reflective Displays Using iMoD™ Interference Technology
Authors: Gally Brian J.
Published: January 2005

The addition of a primary‐color‐specific optical stack to iMoD displays dramatically improves the color gamut of the resulting display. This enables a reflective, bi‐stable display to offer a color gamut representative of transflective TFT LC displays (in transmissive mode) while simultaneously maintaining a reflectance greater than that of reflective TFT LC displays.
P‐105: A Single‐Cell‐Gap Transflective Display
Authors: Lim Y. J. , Song J. H. , Jung T. B. , Lee S. H.
Published: January 2005

We propose a novel single cell gap‐transflective display associated with dual orientation of the liquid crystal. Owing to hybrid alignment in reflective part, the effective cell retardation value becomes half of real cell retardation value, allowing having a high cell gap even in the reflective part. In this way, a single cell gap transflective display with a high image quality is realized.
Sensitometric characteristics of an all‐solid‐state photoelectrochromic pixel for an electrochromic light‐addressable display
Authors: Ivanov V. F. , Nekrasov A. A. , Tcheberiako K. V. , Vannikov A. V. , Posed'ko A. S. , Lishik S. I. , Trofimov Yu. V.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— An all solid‐state photoelectrochromic element (PECE) was developed on the basis of electrochromic layers of WO3 and polyaniline with a layer of polymer electrolyte placed on a base of polyamidosulfoacid, in which a thin‐film CdSxSe1−x photoresistor was used as an electronic key. The dependence of the sensitometric characteristics of the PECE on the applied voltage was studied.
Ramp‐setup design technique in three‐electrode surface‐discharge ACPDPs
Authors: Sakita Koichi , Takayama Kunio , Awamoto Kenji , Hashimoto Yasunobu
Published: January 2005

Abstract— A simple model to calculate changes in wall voltage during weak discharge in three‐electrode ACPDPs was developed. A change in the wall voltage vector has an intrinsic direction for each discharge, which not only reveals the basis of problems in the ramp setup but also simplifies the analysis of cell operation during setup. New ramp‐setup waveforms designed for this model widened the operating margin.
Large‐area FEDs with carbon‐nanotube field emitter
Authors: Uemura Sashiro , Yotani Junko , Nagasako Takeshi , Kurachi Hiroyuki , Yamada Hiromu , Ezaki Tomotaka , Maesoba Tsuyoshi , Nakao Takehiro , Saito Yahachi , Yumura Motoo
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as field emitters for large‐area FED panels is described. In 1998, we presented the first experimental devices: light‐source tubes for outdoor large‐area displays and a diode‐type flat‐panel display, both with screen‐printed CNT cathodes. The fisrt practical high‐luminance color CNT‐FED panel was built in 1999. It employed the new triode‐structure panel was x‐y addressable. The CNT‐FED structure was further optimized for large‐area display panels by improving the luminous uniformity. This paper also describes the design and performance of a new, experimental, 40‐in.‐diagonal panel, which showed that the CNT‐FED technology is suitable for use in large‐area displays.
Higher‐output more‐compact UHP lamp systems
Authors: Moench Holger , Ritz Arnd
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Projection systems have reached convincing performance with several thousand screen lumens created by systems of only a few liters in volume. With more than 10 lm/W they are the most efficient display systems realized today. The tremendous progress achieved up to now relies on the outstanding properties of the UHP lamp. The combination of high brightness with lifetimes extending up to more than 10,000 hours is ideal for projection applications. This paper will summarize some recent technological achievements: the volume of the lamp and driver system has been reduced by a factor of 10, exploiting a reduced ignition voltage as well as new optical concepts for the reflector. The optical performance of short‐arc projection lamps can be improved dramatically: a dichroic coating on one half of the UHP burner is applied to focus all light into one hemisphere. This allows for extremely compact reflector systems and an improvement by 20–30% in light collection.
Fabrication and cathodoluminescent properties of the ZnO‐Cu, Ga and ZnS‐Cu, Ga film phosphors
Authors: Khomchenko V. S. , Rodionov V. E. , Papusha V. P. , Pekar G. S. , Lytvyn P. M. , Tzyrkunov Yu. A. , Kryshtab T. G.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— A novel technique for cathodoluminescent screen fabrication using a new method of film phosphor doping has been developed. The crystalline structure and morphology of the films were investigated. Cathodoluminescence spectra were measured at different excitation levels and temperatures (300 and 77 K). The luminance is 200 cd/m2 for ZnS:Cu, Ga and 1100 cd/m2 for ZnO:Cu, Ga films at a temperature of 300 K and 3700 cd/m2 for ZnO:Cu, Ga film at a temperature of 77 K. The films show more saturated green color than commercial phosphors.
Surface properties of ZnS and AC powder electroluminescent phosphors
Authors: Sychov M. M. , Bakhmet'ev V. V. , Nakanishi Y. , Mjakin S. V. , Havanova L. V. , Cheremisina O. A. , Korsakov V. G.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Phosphor surface properties play an important role in luminescent and processing performance. We studied the distribution of surface active absorption centers (DAC) of ZnS powders and ZnS:Cu electroluminescent phosphors with changes in synthesis and processing conditions. Photometric measurements of the colorimetric indicator adsorption from water solutions demonstrated that in the process of ZnS milling, increasing numbers of active centers are accompanied by the transformation of strong‐acidic centers into weaker ones while moderately basic centers are changed into weaker bases. For the case of phosphor powders, the total number of active centers is inversely related to the intensity of photoluminescence and electroluminescence. This may be explained by considering these centers to be sites of non‐emissive recombinations. Samples with different copper content that distinguished surface centers were studied. It was further found that electron‐beam irradiation causes the formation of strong‐acidic and strong‐basic centers on phosphor surfaces. The DAC acid‐base indicator technique is a useful tool to investigate interfacial processes and surfactant efficiency during phosphor‐based device fabrication.
Physical properties of stretched polymeric substrates with periodic microrelief for optical diffraction elements and liquid‐crystal alignment
Authors: Belyaev Victor , Chistovskaya Larissa , Konovalov Victor , Muravsky Anatoly , Tarasishin Andrei , Trofimov Sergei , Tsoy Valery , Volynsky Alexander , Yakovenko Sergey
Published: January 2005

Abstract— The effect of the formation of a periodic surface microrelief while stretching the polymeric substrates with thin hard coatings under specified conditions (a processing temperature lower than the glassing temperature, an elongation magnitude up to 250%, an elongation velocity <5 mm/min) is described. The microrelief period varies in the range from 0.5 μm up to hundreds of micrometers, the height up to 1 μm. The polar and azimuthal orientation of a liquid crystal on the surface of such substrates was studied. Methods are proposed to measure low values of the optical path length in media Δn ∼ λ and components of LC anchoring energy on microreliefed surfaces. The simulation description of the light diffraction in optical anisotropic materials is proposed on the basis of the Rokushima‐Yamakita approach for periodical media. An opportunity for the creation of various optical components on the basis of this effect was considered, namely, diffraction gratings, optical compensators, and various types of light‐scattering elements.
Eye‐limiting resolution with wide field of view
Authors: Marshall Paul
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Today, high‐end simulation is demanding eye‐limiting resolution along with extremely large fields of view. This represents a tremendous challenge if none of the other desirable features and performance of traditional systems is to be lost. Image‐generating computers continue to become more capable, but the new demands placed upon them by these display technologies are proving difficult to realize at an economic price. This paper explores SEOS's investigation into this exciting new generation of simulation. A solution is outlined that delivers the required resolution, yet keeps the demands on the driving image‐generating computers to an acceptable level. At the same time, maintenance and alignment are simplified.
Subpixel image scaling for color‐matrix displays
Authors: Klompenhouwer Michiel A. , De Haan Gerard
Published: January 2005

Abstract— The perceived resolution of matrix displays increases when the relative position of the color subpixels is taken into account. “Subpixel‐rendering” algorithms are being used to convert an input image to subpixel‐corrected display images. This paper deals with the consequences of the subpixel structure and the theoretical background of the resolution gain. We will show that this theory allows a low‐cost implementation in an image scaler. This leads to high flexibility, allowing different subpixel arrangements and a simple control over the trade‐off between perceived resolution and color errors.
37.1: High‐speed Address Driving Waveform Analysis Using Wall Voltage Transfer Function for Three Terminals and Vt Close Curve in Three‐Electrode Surface‐Discharge AC‐PDPs
Authors: Sakita K. , Takayama K. , Awamoto K. , Hashimoto Y.
Published: January 2005

A new model of three‐electrode surface‐discharge AC‐PDPs for driving waveform analysis and design was developed. A cell state is represented by a two‐dimensional cell voltage vector, which is the sum of a wall voltage vector and an applied voltage vector. These vectors can be expressed on a plane of cell voltages, and the threshold cell voltages at firing are on a close curve on this plane. Using these concepts, wall voltages measurements, cell behavior at ramp setup, and the design of high‐speed addressing waveforms are discussed.
37.4: WVOC (Wal Voltage Output Control) Curve for AC‐PDP
Authors: Kim M. S. , Kim W. J. , Yi J. D. , Shin T. H. , Bu K. H. , Han J. K. , Moon S. J. , Seo Y. W. , Kim B. K. , Lee J. G. , Kim J. D.
Published: January 2005

The WVOC (Wall Voltage Output Control) Curve is proposed as an analysis tool for understanding changes in he wall voltage of an AC‐PDP. The WVOC can demonstrate changes in the output wall voltage (Vwout) relative to the perturbation pulse voltage under various slope conditions. This information can then be used to determine the desired Vwout or the perturbation pulse can be determined in order to set the desired input wall voltage (Vwin) for a subsequent perturbation pulse, as the Vwin control pulse. The Vwout characteristics of a subsequent perturbation pulse were also investigated relative to variations in the Vwin as controlled by the control pulse.

As a result, perturbation pulses with weak and strong discharges with different slopes and Vwins had different firing voltages. In the case of the same Vwin, the firing voltage for a weak discharge (Vfw) was the same under all conditions. In contrast, the firing voltage for a strong discharge (Vfs) varied according to the slope of the perturbation pulse. Therefore, a rising perturbation pulse with a 1.5V/ slope was selected as the control pulse because he Vwout exhibited a linear relationship with the applied voltage, as such, no strong discharge occurred within the voltage range measured.

In the case of adjusting the Vwin using the control pulse, the Vfs was only dependent on the Vwin, irrespective of the slope of the perturbation pulse. From these results, the WVOC curve would appear to be very useful in the development of a driving waveform for AC PDPs.
38.2: Color Polymeric Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated by Ink Jet Deposition
Authors: Grove Michael , Hayes Don , Cox W. Royall
Published: January 2005

This paper discuses the application of contemporary ink jet printing technology to the fabrication of polymer light emitting diode displays.
40.1: Invited Paper: Scrolling Color LCOS for HDTV Rear Projection
Authors: Shimizu Jeffrey A.
Published: January 2005

We report on advancements for a single‐panel Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCOS) display based on the Philips scrolling‐color architecture. Performance and cost advantages make this system ideal for High Definition Television (HDTV). We discuss aspects of a 64″ rear projection display showing a 1280×720 image.
9.4: High‐Speed I/F for TFT‐LCD Source Driver IC by CMADS™ (Current Mode Advanced Differential Signaling)
Authors: Yusa K. , Morigami T. , Hayashi T. , Yamaguchi M. , Tajima A.
Published: January 2005

As the resolution of TFT‐LCDs becomes higher, the increased demand for a higher speed and higher bit count for the input signal of the TFT‐LCD source driver IC is causing problems, such as PCB cost and EMI, that cannot be solved with conventional data transmission technology (CMOS interface). To solve these problems, we have developed a new technology; a high‐speed interface with Current Mode Advanced Differential Signaling (CMADS™) for data transmission between the TFT‐LCD source driver IC and timing controller IC. CMADS is a trademark of NEC Corporation in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.
43.3: New Method to Increase the Number of Subfields in the Addressing Scheme of a Plasma Display Panel without Losing Definition or Luminance
Authors: Doyed D. , Chevet J. C. , Correa C. , Rilly G.
Published: January 2005

To render gray levels on a PDP, there is always a trade‐off between addressing and sustain periods. This paper introduces an addressing and coding scheme, called Bit Line Repeat (BLR), which takes benefit of video redundancies to increase the number of Sub‐Fields (SF) without losing any definition or brightness.
45.3: Azo Dye Materials for the Alignment of Liquid Crystal
Authors: Yip W. C. , Prudnikova E. K. , Kozenkov V. M. , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S. , Akiyama Hidenari , Fukuda Masanobu , Takada Hirokazu , Takatsu Haruyoshi
Published: January 2005

In this paper, the photo‐induced alignment of liquid crystal on an azo dye film is discussed for the liquid crystal display (LCD) applications. This is a non‐contact technique to align the liquid crystals so that the dust particles and static charges generated by the rubbing process can be eliminated. To prepare for the photo‐alignment layer, the azo dye film is exposed to a linearly polarized or non‐polarized light. As a result of the dipole absorption, the photo‐induced molecular distribution is non‐uniform and has an angular dependence. Consequently, since the dispersion forces between the dye and the liquid crystal molecules dominate, the induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is possible. The oblique incidence of the light exposure will also favour a non‐zero pretilt angle. We find that the order parameter associated with the aligned liquid crystal medium is high, and very good contrast has been measured in the Twist Nematic (TN) LCD.
49.1: Development of a Hi‐Definition 32‐in. PDP
Authors: Kosaka T. , Iwase N. , Fujimoto S. , Masuda T. , Ohira K. , Amatsu M. , Namiki F. , Ishigaki M. , Ohtaka H. , Kimura Y. , Okayasu J. , Matsui N. , Umehara K. , Kishi T. , Kariya K. , Ohki H. , Irie K.
Published: January 2005

We developed the world's smallest 32‐inch HDTV PDP. By improving the luminous efficiency, a luminance of 650 cd/m2 and power consumption (discharge and driving circuit) of 200 W or less was achieved. Moreover, incorporating an Advanced Color Compensating (ACC) filter improved the PDP's color reproduction capability, better than that of CRTs.
49.4: A New Driving Technology for PDPs with Cost Effective Sustain Circuit
Authors: Kishi T. , Sakamoto T. , Tomio S. , Kariya K. , Hirose T.
Published: January 2005

We propose a new driving technology of PDPs, which enables to decrease the sustain voltage of conventional technology by half without lowering the gas discharge voltage, and also to cut down the number of MOS‐FETs. Consequently, the cost of the driver circuit containing sustain circuit, scan driver IC and power supply can be greatly reduced.
50.2: A Novel Poly‐Si TFTs with Selectively Doped Regions Fabricated by New Excimer Laser Annealing
Authors: Lee M. C. , Jeon J. H. , Song I. H. , Park K. C. , Han M. K.
Published: January 2005

A novel poly‐Si TFT with selectively doped regions in the channel has proposed and successfully fabricated by a new excimer laser annealing method using pre‐patterned beam mask. The n‐channel new TFTs exhibit a high mobility exceeding 250cm2/V·. s and a low leakage current due to the large laterally grown grains and the reduced lateral electric field.
50.3: Novel Self‐Aligned LDD/Offset Structure for poly‐Si Thin Film Transistors
Authors: So Woo‐Young , Yoo Kyung‐Jin , Park Sang‐II , Kim Hye‐Dong , Kim Byung‐Hee , Chung Ho‐Kyoon
Published: January 2005

A novel structure for poly‐Si thin film transistors (TFTs) and its fabrication method were proposed to improve I‐V characteristics of the TFTs by self‐aligned lightly doped drain (LDD) / offset structure fabricated by formation of sidewall on both sides of the gate electrodes. In this structure, a capping layer is used to electrically isolate the gate lines from the data lines and to control the LDD/offset length. On forming the sidewall, the gate insulator was simultaneously etched to open source/drain region on the active poly‐Si layer. In this work the LDD/offset structure was achieved by using only simplified 3‐mask process, eliminating typical process steps for interlayer deposition and contact hole opening.
51.1: Overdrive Method for Reducing Response Times of Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Nakamura Hajime , Sekiya Kazuo
Published: January 2005

The effect of overdrive addressing on the optical response of a twist nematic device was assessed both theoretically and experimentally. Experimental results on the transient optical response were in excellent agreement with the simulated responses, where the hydrodynamic flow and multiplexing addressing showed non‐negligible effects on director reorientation The “overdrive” method leads to dramatic improvements in device response time which approach a factor of six in some cases. Similar effects were found for an in‐plane switching device, which exhibits neither voltage decays nor optical bounce.,
51.2: Reducing Gray‐Level Response to One Frame: Dynamic Capacitance Compensation
Authors: Lee Baek‐woon , Park Cheolwoo , Kim Sangil , Jeon Manbok , Heo Jun , Sagong Dongsik , Kim Jongseon , Souk Junhyung
Published: January 2005

A novel driving scheme, named Dynamic Capacitance Compensation (DCC), for active‐matrix (AM) LCDs was developed. It takes the charge‐&‐hold nature of AM‐LCDs into consideration to enhance the switching speed. By incorporating DCC and faster liquid crystal, a TFT‐LCD whose response time was less than 10 ms for all gray levels with the on + off time of 8.4 ms was developed. DCC can be applied to any kind of LCD modes to reduce the gray response time to less than 1 frame.
51.4: Fast Addressing of Cholesteric Texture Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Roosendaal S. J. , Hage L. M. , Kuijk K. E. , Schlangen L. J. M. , van Haaren J. A. M. M. , Henzen A. V.
Published: January 2005

Long addressing times form a problem for the application of CTLC displays in, for example, an electronic book, and inhibit displaying moving images. We investigated methods to improve the addressing time by addressing several rows at a time. This multiple‐row addressing method was combined with single‐phase addressing and three‐phase addressing. In the case of single‐phase addressing, this led to image artefacts. With three‐phase addressing, however, the display performance was good and high frame rates were demonstrated. This addressing scheme allows for fast updating of very high resolution CTLC displays.
52.1: Invited Paper: New Developments in Projection Light Sources—Shorter Arcs and Miniaturisation
Authors: Moench H. , Derra G. , Fischer E. , de Regt H. , Riederer X.
Published: January 2005

New developments of UHP lamps with higher power and shorter arcs (even below 1mm) fulfill the optical demands of future projectors and novel displays. In addition a new technology is presented which leads to a reduction of the lamp ignition voltage from 20kV to 5kV. This enables a further step in system size reduction.
52.2: Application of a Novel, More étendue‐Efficient Light Engine Technology to Enable Micro‐Portable DLP Projectors
Authors: Strobl Karlheinz , Bartlett Terry , Davis Mike , Yoder Lars
Published: January 2005

As the projection industry evolves, there is a perpetual push for smaller and brighter projectors. A newly developed étendue efficient light engine (eele‐enhanced™) technology combined with Digital Light Processing (DLP™) holds promise to deliver improved brightness, lifetime and/or more compact projection display systems. This paper describes an application of the eele‐enhanced™ technology for building Micro‐Portable DLP projectors.
52.3: An Improved Polarizing Beamsplitter LCOS Projection Display Based on Wire‐Grid Polarizers
Authors: Arnold Stephen , Gardner Eric , Hansen Douglas , Perkins Ray
Published: January 2005

MOXTEK has developed a new polarizer technology for the visible spectrum based on the technology of nanometer‐scale wire‐grids. They have named their technology ProFlux(tm) Polarizers. These polarizers are extremely durable in the LCOS and transmissive light valve projector environment. They also offer very attractive optical performance characteristics as beam splitters in the imaging path, especially for an LCOS‐type system. However, since they are plate beamsplitters, they are not a direct replacement for current cube beamsplitters. The proper optical system architecture based on the MOXTEK ProFlux(tm) technology will exhibit significant improvements in image contrast, contrast uniformity, brightness uniformity, and color uniformity. This paper compares performance of conventional beamsplitter cubes with the ProFlux™ beamsplitter. It suggests optical architectures that favor the characteristics of this new beamsplitter while avoiding the problems characteristic of a plate beamsplitter. Test data on polarizers and example system performance will be presented.
52.4: New, High Performance, Durable Polarizers for Projection Displays
Authors: Pentico Clark , Gardner Eric , Hansen Douglas , Perkins Ray
Published: January 2005

Wire‐grid polarizers are now available for broadband visible applications. This type of polarizer is very attractive for projection display applications because of its high efficiency, high contrast, and extreme temperature and flux tolerance. However, using wire‐grid polarizers as drop‐in replacements in existing architectures, significantly limits the possible applications of this new polarizer type. As with conventional polarizers, wire‐grid polarizers come in a sheet format, but they reflect one polarization rather than absorb it. Therefore, care must be taken in the system design to control this reflected light. Other significant design issues will also be highlighted in this paper. Applied Digital Optics, Inc. and MOXTEK will discuss design issues concerning the use of ProFlux™ wire‐grid polarizers in the illumination stages for projection, as well as other suitable applications. Conceptual designs will be presented.
53.1: Short‐ and Long‐Term Effects of HMD Use
Authors: GanNichida Toru
Published: January 2005

The effects of a bi‐ocular type of head‐mounted display (HMD) were studied as compared with TV when adult and children watched a movie. The effects of repeated use over 6 months by children were also studied. Some users who had weak fusional vergence or low accommodative convergence reported symptom(s) after HMD‐use, but users were generally as comfortable using the HMD as they were viewing TV.
55.3: PDP Cell Driving Simulator with Newly Developed Equivalent Circuit and Simple Discharge Models
Authors: Furutani Takashi , Mizobata Eishi , Toki Kaoru
Published: January 2005

We have developed a PDP cell driving simulator containing a newly developed equivalent circuit model, as well as a new, simple discharge model. Using this simulator, it is possible to calculate the quantity and distribution of individual electrode wall‐charge across one sub‐field, resulting in improving the prediction accuracy for ON/OFF characteristics.
11.3: Invited Paper: Lighting Elements of Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Display
Authors: Uemura Sashiro
Published: January 2005

Each year the Society awards the Display of the Year Award to several display devices that exhibit leading edge technology or innovative solutions to an information display need. The following paper provides a summary of a Display of the Year award recipient from 1999 and 2000 SID conferences. The display described Carbon‐nanotube(CNT) Field Emission Display(FED) has produced the first commercial product as a lighting element, which is a 1‐pixel 20mm‐diameter cylindrical device intended to replace existing externally similar thermionic (CRT‐type) lighting elements used in outdoor displays and other high‐brightness applications.

An excellent performance of carbon‐nanotubes as field‐emitters was demonstrated using a high‐voltage FED elements at SID in 1998 where a light‐source tube for outdoor large size display and diode type flat panel were presented with the screen printed nanotube cathode.

After that, an x‐y addressable high‐luminance FED panel was introduced at IDRC in 1999. The experimental panel was performed ca.7×105 cd/m2 green light at 6kV, ca.1mA/cm2 dc‐driving condition.

The results show the excellent performance of carbon nanotube FED as flat panel displays which are applicable to large size TV devices. This panel will be not only suitable for future TV display but also light‐sources for field sequential color LCDs.

The CNT FED lighting‐element module is exciting not only because it is the first commercial implementation of CNT technology, but because it could pave the way for new generations of FED products.
12.4: Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays Containing Black and White Particles with Opposite Polarities
Authors: Hou Jack , Shokhor Sergey , Naar Sylvain
Published: January 2005

A new type of electrophoretic display containing black and white particles with opposite surface charges is presented to demonstrate the capability of producing high contrast black and white images based upon an active matrix driving scheme. Display features such as contrast ratio, response time, driving voltage and gray scale are discussed.
13.3: Micromirror Arrays for Stereoscopic 3D Displays
Authors: Yan Jun , Kowel Stephen T. , Cho Hyoung J. , Ahn Chong H.
Published: January 2005

A novel approach for real‐time stereoscopic 3‐D displays using micromirrors array is reported. This approach is reflective and thus achromatic, and it can lower the requirements for the image source. We fabricated and tested the first micromirror arrays for this approach, which showed a clear separation for left‐ and right‐eye images.