bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Security Disability Application Experiences of People With Multiple Sclerosis in the United States
Authors: Iezzoni Lisa I. , Ngo Long , Kinkel R. Philip
Published: May 2012

Studies suggest that more than half of working-age Americans with multiple sclerosis (MS) are unemployed because of their health. Many turn to public disability insurance for income support, applying through the Social Security Administration for either Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), which provides benefits to formerly employed people, or Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which supports impoverished individuals. Anecdotal reports suggest that many patients with MS face considerable problems when applying for federal disability benefits. To gather more systematic information about these experiences, we surveyed 983 working-age people with MS nationwide from May through November 2005. Most (60.2%) were unemployed; 36.4% had federal disability insurance, with 27.8% having SSDI alone. Almost one third (31.3%) had their initial SSDI application denied, and 31.9% used legal assistance when applying for this benefit. Although the time elapsed between SSDI application and approval was <12 months for 60.4% of applicants, 12–23 months passed for 19.8% and 24+ months for another 19.8%. Among people without SSDI, 15.4% had applied for this benefit at some time. Failure to meet disability criteria caused 60.3% of rejections, and inadequate documentation contributed to 32.1%. Neurologists must fully document the breadth of MS-related impairments in their patients' disability applications.
Urinary Incontinence and Unemployment in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: RN Judy Wollin , Spencer Nancy
Published: May 2012

This article presents an important finding identified when establishing the validity and reliability of the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Disability Profile. The research found that the intermittent use of pads to manage urinary incontinence was linked to unemployment, particularly in women with MS. A total of 103 participants completed a survey and participated in semistructured interviews. Urinary incontinence in people with MS is common, with reports of 89%. Twenty percent of the participants in the current study used pads to manage urinary leakage. Response to the question, “Do you use any appliances to assist with bladder function/control?” indicated that intermittent pad use was a precursor to unemployment and is offered as an important indicator of impending unemployment in people with MS. This simple question could be used by clinicians to identify the need for more detailed assessment and appropriate interventions to optimize the management of urinary incontinence, thereby reducing the risk of job loss related to incontinence.
El Grito de Irreverencia del Gil Blas
Authors: Vallejo M. Maryluz
Published: May 2012

After the political rancor left by the XIX century country’s civil wars, especially by the One-Thousand-Days War, the “Reyista Press” was born. This press was President Rafael Reyes’s incense burner and an opposition instrument to the ‘Quinquenio regime’ characterized by a satiric, incendiary and polemic tone, which, at the same time, was the continuation of a rich tradition. Once the ‘Quinquenio regime’ was overthrown, three political forces gain momentum within the Liberal Press: The Republican Press–that supported the presidential nomination of journalist Carlos E. Restrepo–with Alfonso Villegas Restrepo, Eduardo and Enrique Santos Montejo, Enrique Olaya Herrera and the Cano family; the ‘Bloquista’ Press, lead by General Rafael Uribe Uribe; and the Opposite Press with Benjamín Palacio Uribe, founder of Gil Blas newspaper in 1910. Due to its investigative spirit, Gil Blas newspaper served as an inspiration for Colombian contemporary journalism of the Bicentennial. With this satirical poster, the saints of the Republican Press fell off their shelves in this so-called ‘Indigenous Athens.’
Entre o fazer e o falar dos homens: representações e práticas sociais de saúde
Authors: Silva Mendonça Vítor , Smith Menandro Maria Cristina , Araújo Trindade Zeidi
Published: May 2012

This study examined the representation and social practices of health of college men of the city Vitória/Brazil. The data were collected through a questionnaire with 120 students at a public institution of higher education and analyzed by software EVOC and Sphinx Léxica to identify the practices of care adopted by men as well as the social representation that are about health. The mains results show a major contradiction between what was expressed by means of representation and some practices adopted by these men. It was, among other things, that man still staff their actions from an ideal of masculinity that does not contribute to a recovery of his health.
Nanoengineering‐Enhanced Capillary Cooling Achieves Sustained Thermal Protection for Ultra‐High Heat Flux and Temperature
Authors: Xu Ruina , Zhou Jimin , Liao Zhiyuan , Li Xiaoyang , Hu Haowei , Hu Kehui , Jiang Peixue
Published: June 2024

Extreme thermal conditions with heat flux densities exceeding 1 MW m−2 or temperatures reaching up to 1000 °C are prevalent in various situations. However, thermal protection ability depends on specialized materials or is currently limited with existing cooling schemes. Herein, an innovative cooling scheme that relies on evaporation‐driven capillary flow, enhanced by nanoengineering‐designed porous structures with common materials, is proposed. Experimentally‐obtained capillary flow cooling curve identifies critical heat flux corresponding to evaporation‐driven flow stage, where coolants cool the surface and subsequent vapor impedes heat transfer from thermal boundaries. Nanoengineering provides opportunities for enhanced capillary flow, which proves to endow bronze, TC4 (titanium alloy, Ti‐6Al‐4V), and Al2O3 with thermal protection ability 50–180% higher than that without nanoengineering‐designed. The authors’ scheme achieves critical heat flux up to 2.0–3.1 MW m−2 and performs thermal dissipation capacity almost twice higher than inherent latent heat of coolant. Further, in a supersonic wind tunnel with total temperature reaching up to 1792 K, this scheme effectively protects surfaces by cooling them to surface temperatures below 500 K. Nanoengineering‐enhanced capillary cooling gives access to the application of common materials for high‐temperature and high‐heat‐flux environments and paves the way for development of lightweight, long‐lasting, and large‐scale solutions for thermal protection.
A Class of Sodium Transition‐Metal Sulfide Cathodes With Anion Redox
Authors: He Jiarui , Bhargav Amruth , Okasinski John , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are entering commercial relevance as a sustainable and low‐cost alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. Improving the energy density of SIBs is critical to enable their widespread adoption. Here, a new class of cathode materials Na6MS4 (M = Co, Mn, Fe, and Zn) that exhibit high charge‐storage capacity is reported. Using Na6CoS4 as a prototypical example, a six‐electron conversion reaction dominated by anion redox is observed, confirmed through various electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. After the initial cycle, Na6CoS4 delivers a high capacity of 392 mA h g−1 with a long lifespan of over 500 cycles. The reaction involves, initially, the transformation of crystalline Na6CoS4 to a nearly amorphous structure consisting of mainly CoS and sulfur nanoparticles, which then reversibly cycles between nearly amorphous a‐CoS/S and a‐Na6CoS4. Such anion‐redox‐driven conversion‐type cathodes hold the potential to enable energy‐dense, stable SIBs.
Silicon‐Based 850 nm GaAs/GaAsP‐Strained Quantum Well Lasers with Active Region Dislocation Blocking Layers
Authors: Li Jian , Jiang Chen , Liu Hao , Zhang Yang , Zhai Hao , Wei Xin , Wang Qi , Wu Gang , Li Chuanchuan , Ren Xiaomin
Published: June 2024

A silicon‐based room temperature (RT) continuous wave (CW) operation quantum well (QW) laser emitting at 850 nm is reported in this article. By applying the dislocation filter superlattice, the threading dislocation density of the GaAs pseudosubstrate on Si is reduced to 1.8 × 107 cm−2. The metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition‐grown laser structure with GaAs/GaAsP QW and InAlAs active region dislocation blocking layer are fabricated into broad‐stripe Fabry–Perot laser diodes. A typical threshold current and threshold current density of 286 mA and 715 Acm−2 are obtained with 2 mm cavity length and 20 um stripe width samples. A 94.2 mW single‐facet output power lasing around 854 nm and a 0.314 WA−1 slope efficiency is measured under RT CW operation. After a 10‐min aging process, the tested laser can operate stably under continuous operation conditions at RT and the lifetime can be approximated using an exponential fitting curve, indicating a good life reliability of this QW laser.
Asymmetrical Absorption and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Enhancement by Silver Nanoflower Metasurface
Authors: Jen Yi-Jun , Wang Jia‐Ming , Zhan Bo-Wei , Yu Ching‐Wei , Li Qian‐Hao
Published: June 2024

A metasurface composed of silver nanoflower arrays, which exhibit asymmetrical absorption and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to hybrid plasmonic effects, is reported. The silver nanoflowers are fabricated by oblique deposition of silver on a polymer nanohole array on a glass substrate, forming petal‐like semicontinuous thin films on the inner walls of the holes. Depending on the deposition angle, three‐ or five‐petal nanoflowers are obtained. The nanoflower arrays show strong reflection from the air side and broadband and wide‐angle absorption from the glass side, as a result of transmission surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance, respectively. The three‐petal structure, which absorbs most of the incident light from the glass side, induces a localized enhancement of electric field in the center of each nanohole, providing a high‐sensitivity SERS substrate. The SERS performance of the metasurface by direct measurement and near‐field simulation is demonstrated.
Patient‐Derived Tumor Organoids Combined with Function‐Associated ScRNA‐Seq for Dissecting the Local Immune Response of Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Kaiyi , Sui Xizhao , Zhao Tian , Zhang Ting , Chen Zhongyao , Wu Hainan , Li Chao , Li Hao , Yang Fan , Liu Zhidong , Lu You‐Yong , Wang Jun , Chen Xiaofang , Liu Peng
Published: June 2024

In vitro models coupled with multimodal approaches are needed to dissect the dynamic response of local tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to immunotherapy. Here the patient‐derived primary lung cancer organoids (pLCOs) are generated by isolating tumor cell clusters, including the infiltrated immune cells. A function‐associated single‐cell RNA sequencing (FascRNA‐seq) platform allowing both phenotypic evaluation and scRNA‐seq at single‐organoid level is developed to dissect the TIME of individual pLCOs. The analysis of 171 individual pLCOs derived from seven patients reveals that pLCOs retain the TIME heterogeneity in the parenchyma of parental tumor tissues, providing models with identical genetic background but various TIME. Linking the scRNA‐seq data of individual pLCOs with their responses to anti‐PD‐1 (αPD‐1) immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) allows to confirm the central role of CD8+T cells in anti‐tumor immunity, to identify potential tumor‐reactive T cells with a set of 10 genes, and to unravel the factors regulating T cell activity, includingCD99gene. In summary, the study constructs a joint phenotypic and transcriptomic FascRNA‐seq platform to dissect the dynamic response of local TIME under ICB treatment, providing a promising approach to evaluate novel immunotherapies and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Pristine MOF Materials for Separator Application in Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Cheng Zhibin , Lian Jie , Zhang Jindan , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: June 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted significant attention in the realm of electronic energy storage and conversion owing to their remarkable theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, Li–S batteries continue to face significant challenges, primarily the severe polysulfides shuttle effect and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics, which are inherent obstacles to their practical application. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their porous structure, high adsorption capacity, structural flexibility, and easy synthesis, have emerged as ideal materials for separator modification. Efficient polysulfides interception/conversion ability and rapid lithium‐ion conduction enabled by MOFs modified layers are demonstrated in Li–S batteries. In this perspective, the objective is to present an overview of recent advancements in utilizing pristine MOF materials as modification layers for separators in Li–S batteries. The mechanisms behind the enhanced electrochemical performance resulting from each design strategy are explained. The viewpoints and crucial challenges requiring resolution are also concluded for pristine MOFs separator in Li–S batteries. Moreover, some promising materials and concepts based on MOFs are proposed to enhance electrochemical performance and investigate polysulfides adsorption/conversion mechanisms. These efforts are expected to contribute to the future advancement of MOFs in advanced Li–S batteries.
Factors associated with cognitive function in patient with Alzheimer's disease with newly prescribed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: A 1‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ching Pao‐Yuan , Chang Cheng‐Ho , Pan Chih‐Chuan , Chiang Yung‐Chih , Kuo Hsin‐ya , Hsu Tien‐Wei , Chu Che‐Sheng
Published: June 2024

Objective

We aimed to examine the factors associated with treatment outcomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) after 1 year of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) treatment.

Method

We obtained electronic medical records from a medical center in Southern Taiwan between January 2015 and September 2021. Participants aged ≥60 who were newly diagnosed with AD and had been prescribed AChEIs were included. Cognitive assessments were performed before the AChEIs were prescribed and at the 1 year follow‐up. Cognition progressors were defined as a Mini‐Mental State Examination decline of >3 or a Clinical Dementia Rating decline of ≥1 after 1 year of AChEI treatment. The relationship between the baseline characteristics and cognitive status after follow‐up was investigated using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 1370 patients were included in our study (mean age, 79.86 ± 8.14 years). After adjustment, the body mass index (BMI) was found to be significantly lower in the progressor group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.970, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): 0.943 to 0.997, P = 0.033]. The usage of antipsychotics was significantly higher in the progressor group (AOR: 1.599, 95% CIs: 1.202 to 2.202, P = 0.001). The usage of benzodiazepine receptor agonists also tended to be significantly higher in the progressor group (AOR: 1.290, 95% CIs: 0.996 to 1.697, p = 0.054).

Conclusion

These results suggest that patients with AD who receive 1 year of AChEI treatment and have a lower BMI or concurrent treatment with antipsychotics and benzodiazepine receptor agonists are more likely to suffer from cognitive decline.
Video Anomaly Detection Utilizing Efficient Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion with 3D Convolutions and Long Short‐Term Memory Modules
Authors: Ul Amin Sareer , Kim Bumsoo , Jung Yonghoon , Seo Sanghyun , Park Sangoh
Published: June 2024

Surveillance cameras produce vast amounts of video data, posing a challenge for analysts due to the infrequent occurrence of unusual events. To address this, intelligent surveillance systems leverage AI and computer vision to automatically detect anomalies. This study proposes an innovative method combining 3D convolutions and long short‐term memory (LSTM) modules to capture spatiotemporal features in video data. Notably, a structured coarse‐level feature fusion mechanism enhances generalization and mitigates the issue of vanishing gradients. Unlike traditional convolutional neural networks, the approach employs depth‐wise feature stacking, reducing computational complexity and enhancing the architecture. Additionally, it integrates microautoencoder blocks for downsampling, eliminates the computational load of ConvLSTM2D layers, and employs frequent feature concatenation blocks during upsampling to preserve temporal information. Integrating a Conv‐LSTM module at the down‐ and upsampling stages enhances the model's ability to capture short‐ and long‐term temporal features, resulting in a 42‐layer network while maintaining robust performance. Experimental results demonstrate significant reductions in false alarms and improved accuracy compared to contemporary methods, with enhancements of 2.7%, 0.6%, and 3.4% on the UCSDPed1, UCSDPed2, and Avenue datasets, respectively.
A Novel Variable‐Stiffness Tail Based on Layer‐Jamming for Robotic Fish
Authors: Hong Zicun , Wu Zhenfeng , Wang Qixin , Li Jianing , Zhong Yong
Published: June 2024

Fish have excellent swimming performance, and one key factor is their ability to autonomously adjust body stiffness, which can help them efficiently swim at different speeds and complex environments. At present, the variable‐stiffness design of robotic fish still suffers from structural complexity, severe deformation, and small variation range, which limits the application of variable‐stiffness theory in robotic fish. In this article, a variable‐stiffness tail is designed based on layer‐jamming for robotic fish, which can conveniently achieve online stiffness adjustment while maintaining the optimal stiffness distribution and the shape is unaffected. A modeling method for the tail is proposed by combining the mechanical characteristics of the layer‐jamming structure with the pseudo‐rigid body model. To validate the performance of the tail, a series of experiments are conducted, which show that the stiffness variation range of the tail is around 10 times, and the accuracy of the model in predicting the kinematics of the tail is also verified. Moreover, the thrust tests demonstrate that stiffness adjustment is beneficial for fish swimming at different frequencies. The proposed variable‐stiffness tail will promote the development of efficient underwater biomimetic robots.
Dynamics of Leaky Integrate‐and‐Fire Neurons Based on Oxyvanite Memristors for Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Das Sujan Kumar , Nandi Sanjoy Kumar , Marquez Camilo Verbel , Rúa Armando , Uenuma Mutsunori , Nath Shimul Kanti , Zhang Shuo , Lin Chun‐Ho , Chu Dewei , Ratcliff Tom , Elliman Robert Glen
Published: June 2024

Neuromorphic computing implemented with spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on volatile threshold switching is an energy‐efficient computing paradigm that may overcome future limitations of the von Neumann architecture. Herein, threshold switching in oxyvanite (V3O5) memristors and their application as a leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) neuron are explored. The spiking response of individual neurons is examined as a function of circuit parameters, input pulse train, and temperature and reveals a pulse height‐dependent spike rate in which devices exhibit excitatory spiking behavior under low input voltages and protective inhibition spiking under high voltages. Resistively coupled LIF neurons are shown to exhibit additional neural functionalities (i.e., phasic, regular and adaptation, etc.) depending on the input voltage and circuit parameters. The behavior of both individual and coupled neurons is shown to be described by a physics‐based lumped element circuit model, which therefore provides a solid foundation for exploring more complex systems. Finally, the performance of a perceptron SNN employing these LIF neurons is assessed by simulating the classification of image recognition algorithm. These results advance the development of robust solid‐state neurons with low power consumption for neuromorphic computing.
Evaluation of extinction risk for stream fishes within an urban riverscape using population viability analysis
Authors: Huntsman Brock M. , Palenscar Kai , Russell Kerwin , Mills Brett , Jones Chris , Ota William , Anderson Kurt E. , Dyer Heather , Abadi Fitsum , Wulff Marissa
Published: June 2024

1. The Santa Ana River in the Los Angeles region of California demonstrates common habitat degradation symptoms that are characteristic of the urban stream syndrome. These impacts have altered the Santa Ana River community structure, with few species as impacted as the native Santa Ana sucker (sucker; Pantosteus santaanae). 2. Consequently, a recovery plan developed for sucker identified the need for a population viability analysis (PVA) to assess sucker extirpation risk. However, PVAs can be data‐intensive and are subject to several sources of bias when standardized protocols are absent. 3. More than 20 years of sucker and arroyo chub (chub; Gila orcuttii) surveys using different methods were compiled to build an integrated hierarchical multi‐population PVA to estimate trends in abundance and extirpation probability of these native fishes from the Santa Ana River. 4. PVA modelling indicated similar patterns in sucker and chub abundance along the Santa Ana River, with the highest abundance of both species in the upper regions of the river during the early 2000s and downstream in recent years (2018–2022). Extirpation risk was estimated to be greatest near wastewater treatment facilities, where native fish abundance estimates have been zero since 2018. Extirpation risk was lower downstream of the wastewater treatment facilities for both species, although extinction risk was higher for sucker than chub throughout the river. 5. As the model evolves and more data are collected, the PVA could be used to assess the effects of various management actions, such as non‐native predator removals and native fish re‐introductions, on sucker and chub persistence.
The enhanced research impact of self‐archiving platforms: Evidence from bioRxiv
Authors: Liu Hongxu , Hu Guangyuan , Li Yin
Published: June 2024

The proliferation of online self‐archiving platforms has greatly facilitated the dissemination of new research findings. However, the extent to which these platforms have increased the impact of research remains uncertain, especially considering the potential bias of researchers favoring the deposition of higher‐quality preprints. To determine the causal relationship between self‐archiving platforms and research impact, we conducted an investigation using a sample of 5423 published articles from 2018 that had preprints deposited on bioRxiv. These articles were compared to a control group of 7862 similar articles without preprints, identified through text‐mining algorithms. By modeling the differences in forward citations over time between the two groups, we established a positive causal effect of self‐archiving platforms on research impact. However, the effect observed in this study was smaller than that reported in previous studies (18.7% vs. 36%), indicating a more accurate and unbiased result. Additionally, the study explored the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the enhancement of research impact, including early dissemination and increased exposure through social networks facilitated by self‐archiving platforms. Overall, this study expands our understanding of how research is disseminated in the era of Internet platforms.
A facile method for the estimation of ceramic performance in light armor systems
Authors: Ganor Jake
Published: June 2024

Ballistic armor material development has been historically constrained by the limitations of existing predictive models. Traditional approaches, primarily reliant on finite element models, are not only computationally intensive but also often fall short in accurately predicting the ballistic performance of ceramics, particularly with novel materials. This challenge is exacerbated by the lack of clear correlations between a ceramic material's mechanical properties and its ballistic efficacy in existing equations. In this context, we have developed a novel empirical equation that represents a significant shift from conventional methods. This facile formula provides a more cohesive and predictive way to estimate ballistic performance from material mechanical properties, accurately defines performance relations between different material types, and addresses the gaps that have hindered previous methodologies. This new ballistic efficacy equation conclusively answers the old question as to which mechanical properties correlate with performance in light armor systems and opens avenues for the rapid development and optimization of more effective ceramic armor materials.
Direct Access to Benzolactams and Benzolactones via Nickel Catalyzed Carbonylation with CO2
Authors: Giovanelli Riccardo , Monda Giulia , Kiriakidi Sofia , Silva López Carlos , Bertuzzi Giulio , Bandini Marco
Published: June 2024

A new nickel catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling for accessing γ‐lactams (isoindolinones) as well as γ‐lactones (isobenzofuranones) via carbonylation with CO2 is documented. The protocol exploits the synergistic role of redox‐active Ni(II) complexes and AlCl3 as a CO2 activator/oxygen scavenger, leading to the formation of a wide range of cyclic amides and esters (28 examples) in good to high yields (up to 87 %). A dedicated computational investigation revealed the multiple roles played by AlCl3. In particular, the simultaneous transient protection of the pendant amino group of the starting reagents and the formation of the electrophilically activated CO2‐AlCl3 adduct are shown to concur in paving the way for an energetically favorable mechanistic pathway.
A microscale low‐cost experiment on heat pumps and refrigerators for chemistry lessons
Authors: Poensgen Fabian , Groß Katharina
Published: June 2024

Wärmepumpen sind nicht nur politisch brisant, sondern als Socioscientific Issue auch eine besondere Lerngelegenheit zur Vermittlung naturwissenschaftlicher Grundbildung und wichtiger Kompetenzen im Basiskonzept Energie. Das hier vorgestellte Experiment erlaubt es den Schüler:innen, die grundlegende Funktionsweise einer Wärmepumpe unmittelbar und anschaulich zu erleben.
Polylactic acid – bioplastics in chemistry lessons
Authors: Zell Lukas , Friedrich Jens
Published: June 2024

Polymilchsäure (PLA) ist ein aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen hergestellter und bioabbaubarer Kunststoff. Er ist einer der am häufigsten verwendeten Biokunststoff mit steigender Verwendung. Die Eigenschaften eines Kunststoffes gehen auf die molekulare Struktur sowie die beigefügten Additive zurück. In diesem Artikel wird eine schulgerechte PLA‐Synthese mit Zinn(II)‐chlorid vorgeschlagen, die eine größere Menge Material liefert. Weiter stellen wir einfache Additive für PLA vor, die dessen Eigenschaften verändern.
Genotype profile of HPV in ASC‐H cytology and histologic follow‐up—prevalence, distribution, and risk: A retrospective study of 1414 cases
Authors: Sun Yihua , Wang Tiannan , Zhong Fangfang , Starr David , Zeng Xianxu , Zhang Hao , Xiao Jianan , Zhou Xianrong , Tao Xiang , Zhao Chengquan
Published: June 2024

Background

A cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous lesion (ASC‐H) poses a disproportionately high risk of cervical cancer development. The objective of this study was to analyze type‐specific risks by mapping human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in ASC‐H cytology.

Methods

In total, 1,048,581 Papanicolaou tests that had ASC‐H cytology were retrieved. Concurrent HPV genotyping using proprietary multiplex real‐time (MRT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) HPV tests and histologic follow‐up findings were analyzed.

Results

Among 1678 patients who had ASC‐H findings (0.16%), 1414 (84.3%) underwent concurrent HPV genotyping (MRT, 857; HPV PCR test, 557). The overall high‐risk HPV (hrHPV)‐positive rate was 84.4%. Of the 857 MRT cases, 63.9% were infected with a single hrHPV, and 24.4% had multiple genotypes. The most prevalent HPV types were HPV16/52/58/33/31. Lesions that were identified as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse (CIN2+) were detected in 498 of 906 cases (55.0%), including 81 cervical carcinomas (8.9%). The risk of CIN2+ for the composite group of HPV16/52/58/33/31‐positive cases was 62.7%, representing 90.7% (264 of 291) of total CIN2+ lesions in ASC‐H/hrHPV–positive cases by MRT. CIN2+ lesions were detected in 108 of 142 (76.1%) HPV16‐positive and/or HPV18‐positive women by the PCR the HPV test. Among 128 hrHPV‐negative ASC‐H cases by both methods, CIN2+ lesions were identified in 21 of 128 (16.4%), including five cervical carcinomas (3.9%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for patients in the composite group with HPV16/52/58/33/31 were 88.0%, 40.8%, 62.7%, and 75.0%, respectively.

Conclusions

Papanicolaou tests classified as ASC‐H are associated with a high CIN2+ rate and warrant colposcopy, regardless of HPV status. The extent to which the risk‐stratification provided by comprehensive HPV genotyping can inform the management of ASC‐H cytology remains to be explored.
A Systematic Review of the Assessment of ICD‐11 Complex Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) in Young People and Adults
Authors: Sarr Rachel , Quinton Alice , Spain Debbie , Rumball Freya
Published: June 2024

Complex post‐traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) was introduced in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 11 in 2013 to simplify diagnosis and increase clinical utility. Given the recent ICD‐11 conceptualisation, there is no standard approach for its assessment, and a review of research is necessary. This systematic review focuses on ICD‐11 CPTSD assessment in young people aged 7 to 17 and adults aged 18 and above, examining measures, differentiating features and clinical considerations. Data from five databases are reviewed using a narrative synthesis approach and the quality of evidence is assessed and discussed. A total of 36 studies involving 5901 participants recruited from clinical settings and 1458 professionals with CPTSD assessment experience were included. Studies predominantly focused on adults, and the most used measure for assessment was the International Trauma Questionnaire. Papers focusing on differentiating features highlighted increased symptom severity, impairment and difficulties in individuals with CPTSD, compared to those with PTSD across various characteristics in both young people and adults. This review also identified the importance of a sensitive clinical approach with adaptations based on culture and age. Although gold‐standard recommendations cannot be made, this paper offers tentative clinical practice recommendations and considerations regarding ICD‐11 CPTSD assessment.
Validating linalool as a potential drug for breast cancer treatment based on machine learning and molecular docking
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Dengfeng
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer for women. This study aims to construct a prognostic risk model of BC and identify prognostic biomarkers through machine learning approaches, and clarify the mechanism by which linalool exerts tumor‐suppressive function. Three mRNA microarray/RNA sequencing data sets (GSE25055, GSE103091, and TCGA‐BRCA) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and prognostic genes were obtained by univariate COX analysis. Multiple machine learning methods were used to screen core genes and construct prognostic risk models. The enrichment analysis of crucial genes was analyzed using the DAVID database. UALCAN, human protein atlas, geneMANIA, and LinkedOmics databases were used to analyze gene expression and co‐expressed genes. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation was applied to verify the binding affinity between linalool and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). Cell counting kit 8 (CCK‐8, Edu, transwell, flow cytometry, and Western blot assay were used to analyze cell activity, apoptosis, cell cycle and protein expression. Eight prognostic genes were obtained by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning, and prognostic risk models were constructed. This model could well predict the prognosis of patients, and the risk score could be used as an independent risk factor for BC. Overall survival (OS) and immune cell infiltration characteristics were distinct between high and low risk groups. PGK1 was highly expressed in BC and the OS of patients with high PGK1 expression was shorter. PGK1 was related to cell cycle and PPAR signaling pathway. Linalool and PGK1 had good binding activity, and linalool could inhibit the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells, promote cell apoptosis, and induce G0/G1 arrest. In addition, linalool can promote PPARγ protein expression and inhibit PGK1 expression. Machine learning and molecular docking were promising for exploration of new drug targets for BC, and linalool exerts tumor‐suppressive effects in BC by inhibiting PGK1 expression and activating PPAR signaling pathway.
SEP‐363856 exerts neuroprotection through the PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β signaling pathway in a dual‐hit neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia‐like mice
Authors: Li Mengdie , Liu Yunxiao , Sun Meng , Yang Yating , Zhang Ling , Liu Yuexia , Li Fujin , Liu Huanzhong
Published: June 2024

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a serious, destructive neurodevelopmental disorder. Antipsychotic medications are the primary therapy approach for this illness, but it's important to pay attention to the adverse effects as well. Clinical studies for SZ are currently in phase ΙΙΙ for SEP‐363856 (SEP‐856)‐a new antipsychotic that doesn't work on dopamine D2 receptors. However, the underlying action mechanism of SEP‐856 remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact and underlying mechanisms of SEP‐856 on SZ‐like behavior in a perinatal MK‐801 treatment combined with social isolation from the weaning to adulthood model (MK‐SI). First, we created an animal model that resembles SZ that combines the perinatal MK‐801 with social isolation from weaning to adulthood. Then, different classical behavioral tests were used to evaluate the antipsychotic properties of SEP‐856. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐1β), apoptosis‐related genes (Bax and Bcl‐2), and synaptic plasticity‐related genes (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and PSD‐95) in the hippocampus were analyzed by quantitative real‐time PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal DG subregions. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression levels of BDNF, PSD‐95, Bax, Bcl‐2, PI3K, p‐PI3K, AKT, p‐AKT, GSK‐3β, p‐GSK‐3β in the hippocampus. MK‐SI neurodevelopmental disease model studies have shown that compared with sham group, MK‐SI group exhibit higher levels of autonomic activity, stereotyped behaviors, withdrawal from social interactions, dysregulated sensorimotor gating, and impaired recognition and spatial memory. These findings imply that the MK‐SI model can mimic symptoms similar to those of SZ. Compared with the MK‐SI model, high doses of SEP‐856 all significantly reduced increased activity, improved social interaction, reduced stereotyping behavior, reversed sensorimotor gating dysregulation, and improved recognition memory and spatial memory impairment in MK‐SI mice. In addition, SEP‐856 can reduce the release of proinflammatory factors in the MK‐SI model, promote the expression of BDNF and PSD‐95 in the hippocampus, correct the Bax/Bcl‐2 imbalance, turn on the PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β signaling pathway, and ultimately help the MK‐SI mice's behavioral abnormalities. SEP‐856 may play an antipsychotic role in MK‐SI “dual‐hit” model‐induced SZ‐like behavior mice by promoting synaptic plasticity recovery, decreasing death of hippocampal neurons, lowering the production of pro‐inflammatory substances in the hippocampal region, and subsequently initiating the PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β signaling cascade.
Usefulness of virtual scale endoscope for early gastrointestinal lesions
Authors: Minakata Nobuhisa , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Kiyomi Fumiaki , Inoue Suma , Akutagawa Takashi , Watanabe Takashi , Yano Tomonori , Shimoda Ryo
Published: June 2024

Objectives

For early gastrointestinal lesions, size is an important factor in the selection of treatment. Virtual scale endoscope (VSE) is a newly developed endoscope that can measure size more accurately than visual measurement. This study aimed to investigate whether VSE measurement is accurate for early gastrointestinal lesions of various sizes and morphologies.

Methods

This study prospectively enrolled patients with early gastrointestinal lesions ≤20 mm in size visually. Lesion sizes were measured in the gastrointestinal tract visually, on endoscopic resection specimens with VSE, and finally on endoscopic resection specimens using a ruler. The primary endpoint was the normalized difference (ND) of VSE measurement. The secondary endpoints were the ND of visual measurement and the variation between NDs of VSE and visual measurements. ND was calculated as (100 × [measured size − true size] / true size) (%). True size was defined as size measured using a ruler.

Results

This study included 60 lesions from April 2022 to December 2022, with 20 each in the esophagus, stomach, and colon. The lesion size was 14.0 ± 6.3 mm (mean ± standard deviation). Morphologies were protruded, slightly elevated, and flat or slightly depressed type in 8, 24, and 28 lesions, respectively. The primary endpoint was 0.3 ± 8.8%. In the secondary endpoints, the ND of visual measurement was −1.7 ± 29.3%, and the variability was significantly smaller in the ND of VSE measurement than in that of visual measurement (p < 0.001, F‐test).

Conclusions

VSE measurement is accurate for early gastrointestinal lesions of various sizes and morphologies.
Chess Game Rook‐Icon Movement‐Based Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration for Higher Shade Dispersion and Improved Global Power Peaks Under Partial Shading Conditions: An Experimental Study
Authors: Pachauri Rupendra Kumar , Singh Jai Govind
Published: June 2024

Solar photovoltaic (PV) system generates low power because of nonuniform sun irradiation compared to standard test conditions. Partial shading conditions (PSCs) can arise from various factors, with passing clouds, trees, telecommunication towers, bird droppings, and similar elements being among the most prevalent causes. Under the shading scenario, multiple global and local maxima power points exist on the P–V curves. Herein, the chess game rules for the “Rook” icon are followed to attain the optimal placement of integer numbers (1–9) in the 9 × 9 size game puzzle matrix. The integer number‐based game puzzles such as Su‐Do‐Ku, symmetric matrix, and proposed Rook's movement‐game theory (RMGT) to rearrange the PV modules in arrays are investigated and compared with the standard arrangements such as series‐parallel, total‐cross‐tied during PSCs. The suggested RMGT puzzle‐based arrangement is able to achieve higher power at global maximum power point, performance enhancement, fill factor, and low power loss. As a result, the experimental study proves the superiority of RMGT configuration compared to conventional methodologies under the shading scenarios. The proposed RMGT‐based PV array is tested and obtained the performance higher side as, , , , and compared to existing reconfiguration methodologies.
Recent Advances of Bimetallic Sulfides‐Based Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhao Chenrui , Sun Yue , Ji Qiuyi , Xu Jin , Liu Yazi , Yang Shaogui , Sun Dan
Published: June 2024

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting is an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective technology to achieve green hydrogen. In recent years, bimetallic sulfides (BMS) have been considered as promising candidates compared to monometallic sulfides due to the tunable energy band structure, higher number of active sites, and good chemical stability, resulting in high performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Herein, recent progress of BMS in photocatalytic hydrogen production has been addressed comprehensively. First, two commonly employed methods for synthesizing BMS with tailored morphological characteristics are discussed and compared. Then, the main functions of BMS are unraveled to aid in promoting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance intrinsically. Detailed applications of BMS both as a single photocatalyst and in heterojunction composite systems of three typical categories with unique properties and catalytic performance are summarized, focusing on their charge transfer behaviors and hydrogen production performance. In the end, research trends and prospects of BMS‐based photocatalysts are also proposed. This review is believed to unveil new advances and features of BMS‐based nanomaterials toward practical benefits and future research for highly efficient and robust photocatalytic H2 generation catalysts.
Thermodynamic and exhaust emission studies of CI engine powered by neem oil methyl ester blends doped with nickel oxide nano additives
Authors: Srinidhi Campli , Channapattana Shylesha V. , Aithal Kiran , Panchal Raju , Dhaneshwar Sonali , Karle Anuja , Dharmadikari Anirudha , Gajbhiye Amar , Sarnobat Sandeep
Published: June 2024

Assessment of alternate fuel is categorized on thermophysical aspects and performance—emission derived due to its combustion. Data derived from such analysis is short as the energy expenditure to available chemical exergy of fuel is rarely studied. The study of energy derived from fuel energy gives a detailed picture of fuel efficiency and broadens the field of fuel search criteria. The current article aims to find the thermodynamic effects in terms of energy and exergy utilization of neem biodiesel blends and nickel oxide nano additive dosed neem biodiesel blends. Neem biodiesel was transesterified using standard procedures and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Later, neem biodiesel was blended with diesel in three volumetric proportions, that is, NB25, NB50, NB75, and pure Neem Oil Methyl ester was investigated as an engine fuel, and later synthesized nickel oxide nano additives of 25 mg/L was added to all the above fuels and further studied for energy, exergy utilization on a TV‐1 VCR engine test rig under varying engine CR. Nickel oxide additives were manufactured using homogenous addition method and were thoroughly studied for formation and presence of constituents using XRD, FE‐SEM, and EDS methods. The usage of nano additives does prove reduction in exergy destruction and entropy generation for NB25 base blend with 25 mg/L NiO leading to a reduction of 8.2% and 9.7% when compared to base blends. Also, the emission found for hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide for all base fuel blends reduced by an average of 16.8% and 7.35%.
The ETO2 transcriptional cofactor maintains acute leukemia by driving a MYB/EP300‐dependent stemness program
Authors: Fagnan Alexandre , Aid Zakia , Baille Marie , Drakul Aneta , Robert Elie , Lopez Cécile K. , Thirant Cécile , Lecluse Yann , Rivière Julie , Ignacimouttou Cathy , Salmoiraghi Silvia , Anguita Eduardo , Naimo Audrey , Marzac Christophe , Pflumio Françoise , Malinge Sébastien , Wichmann Christian , Huang Yun , Lobry Camille , Chaumeil Julie , Soler Eric , Bourquin Jean‐Pierre , Nerlov Claus , Bernard Olivier A. , Schwaller Juerg , Mercher Thomas
Published: June 2024

Transcriptional cofactors of the ETO family are recurrent fusion partners in acute leukemia. We characterized the ETO2 regulome by integrating transcriptomic and chromatin binding analyses in human erythroleukemia xenografts and controlled ETO2 depletion models. We demonstrate that beyond its well‐established repressive activity, ETO2 directly activates transcription of MYB, among other genes. The ETO2‐activated signature is associated with a poorer prognosis in erythroleukemia but also in other acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia subtypes. Mechanistically, ETO2 colocalizes with EP300 and MYB at enhancers supporting the existence of an ETO2/MYB feedforward transcription activation loop (e.g., on MYB itself). Both small‐molecule and PROTAC‐mediated inhibition of EP300 acetyltransferases strongly reduced ETO2 protein, chromatin binding, and ETO2‐activated transcripts. Taken together, our data show that ETO2 positively enforces a leukemia maintenance program that is mediated in part by the MYB transcription factor and that relies on acetyltransferase cofactors to stabilize ETO2 scaffolding activity.
An interprofessional model of care for adolescents with perinatal HIV: A qualitative study
Authors: Comley‐White Nicolette , Ntsiea Veronica , Potterton Joanne
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims

The number of perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents (PHIVA) is increasing however many health care systems are not prepared for this population and their health challenges, specifically a model of care (MoC) is lacking. Thus the objective of this study was to develop and propose a MoC for PHIVA.

Methods

Through a qualitative study design, a MoC was developed and ratified with two focus groups, consisting of PHIVA and healthcare professionals.

Results

Seven participants were included in each focus group and the following themes were developed: relatable attributes; missing components; implementation and suggestions. Changes were made to the drafts of the MoC in response to the focus group results, leading to the finalisation of a MoC for PHIVA. The MoC focused on the importance of interprofessional health care and addressed the physical sequelae that PHIVA are likely to encounter. A schematic of the MoC was created for the use in general public education.

Conclusion

It is important that healthcare facilities are equipped to handle the specific needs of PHIVA. The interprofessional MoC developed in this study helps to address the requirements of this population.
Efficacy and safety of remimazolam versus propofol for intraoperative sedation during regional anesthesia: A phase II, multicenter, randomized, active‐controlled, single‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Yin Lu , Huang Yue‐Xin , Wang Xiu‐Hong , Wei Yan‐Huan , Wang Yong , Yang Shi‐Wei , Cunha Genoveva B. da Graca , Liu Fei
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam for intraoperative sedation during regional anesthesia. It was a phase II‐multicenter, randomized, single‐blind, parallel‐group, active‐controlled clinical trial (No. ChiCTR2100054956). From May 6, 2021 to July 4, 2021, patients were randomly enrolled from 17 hospitals in China. A total of 105 patients aged 18–65 years who underwent selective surgery under regional anesthesia were included. Patients received different sedatives with different dosages: 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam (HR), 0.05 mg/kg remimazolam (LR), or 1.0 mg/kg propofol (P) group, followed by a maintenance infusion. Main outcome measures included the efficacy of sedation measured by Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (MOAA/S) levels (1–4, 1–3, 2–3, 3, and 2–4) during the sedation procedure (the duration percentage) and incidence of adverse reactions. It showed that the duration percentage of MOAA/S levels 1–4 was 100.0 [8.1]% (median [interquartile range]), 89.9 [20.2]%, 100.0 [7.7]% in the HR, LR, and P groups, respectively. The percentage of patients in the HR, LR, and P groups who achieved MOAA/S levels 1–4 within 3 min after administration was 85.7%, 58.8%, and 82.9%, respectively. However, the time to recovery from anesthesia after withdrawal of sedatives (7.9 ± 5.7 min), incidence of anterograde amnesia (75%), and adverse effects were not statistically significant among the three groups. These findings suggest that a loading dose of remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg followed by a maintenance infusion of 0–3 mg/kg/h provides adequate sedation for patients under regional anesthesia without increasing adverse reactions.