bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da resposta humoral de doentes com imunodeficiência primária à vacinação com vacinas de mRNA
Authors:   Serviço de Imunoalergologia do Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Vieira Josefina , Ferreira Sofia ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia do Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Mendonça Érica ,   Serviço de Patologia Clínica do Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Oliveira Susana ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia do Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Sousa Filipa ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia do Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Câmara Rita ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia do Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal
Published: June 2024

Fundamentos: As imunodeficiências primárias (IDP) manifestam-se por suscetibilidade aumentada a doenças infeciosas e estão associadas a elevada morbimortalidade. A COVID-19 tem apresentação clínica variável, com impacto imprevisível nos doentes imunocomprometidos. Conhecer a resposta à vacinação desta população poderá ser importante para adequar medidas no futuro. Objetivos: Analisar a resposta imunológica à vacinação contra a COVID-19 em doentes com IDP. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo de uma população de doentes com IDP, seguidos numa unidade de Imunoalergologia, vacinados contra a COVID-19. Consulta dos processos clínicos para colheita de dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais. Determinação de imunoglobulina G (IgG) total e IgG SARS-CoV-2 antes da vacinação e doseamentos seriados de IgG anti-spike após vacinação. Resultados: Incluídos 20 doentes, 55% do sexo feminino, com idade média 36,8±13,1 anos, 60% com imunodeficiência comum variável (IDCV), 30% deficiência seletiva de anticorpos e 10% agamaglobulinemia ligada ao X (ALX). Nos doentes com IDCV, a contagem basal de células CD19 mediana foi 180 células/µL (IIQ, 60;372). Realizavam terapêutica de substituição com gamaglobulina subcutânea 12 doentes com IDCV/ALX. A serologia pré-vacinal foi negativa em todos os doentes, a IgG total mediana foi 419 mg/dL (IIQ, 238;896) e a IgG anti-spike após esquema vacinal primário foi apositiva em 75% [mediana 796 AU/mL (IIQ, 107;3772)]. Na subpopulação com IDCV: a IgG anti-spike foi positiva em 67% após esquema vacinal primário, 75% antes da dose de reforço e 100% após reforço. Níveis mais baixos de células CD19 correlacionaram-se com valores inferiores de IgG anti-spike (95% IC=0,117-0,898; p=0,023). Nenhum doente reportou reações adversas significativas à vacinação. Conclusões: A vacinação contra a COVID-19 apresentou boa resposta e segurança nos doentes com IDP. Na subpopulação com IDCV, formas mais graves com contagens reduzidas de células CD19 apresentaram títulos mais baixos de anticorpos após vacinação. A dose de reforço potenciou a resposta imune, sugerindo a necessidade de inoculações adicionais para conferir proteção sustentada contra a COVID-19.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS POWTOON MATERI ARITMATIKA SOSIAL DI KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 8 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Hasdiyanti Neli , Dewi Sri , Relawati Relawati , Simamora Risma
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran matematika pada materi aritmatika sosial menggunakan video berbasis Powtoon untuk siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 8 Kota jambi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D). Model yang digunakan yaitu ADDIE, yang meliputi: 1) Analysis (Analisis), 2) Design (Perancangan), 3) Development (Pengembangan), 4) Implementasi (Pelaksanaan), dan 5) Evaluation (Penilaian). Validasi dilakukan oleh 1 ahli desain, 1 ahli materi, dan 1 ahli media. Media yang dikembangkan diujicobakan dalam 3 tahap yaitu uji coba perorangan dengan subjek 3 orang siswa, uji coba kelompok kecil dengan subjek 6 orang siswa, dan uji coba lapangan dengan subjek 29 orang siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas media pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian: 1) ahli desain diperoleh hasil rata-rata 3,9 yang termasuk kategori “Baik” dan dipresentasekan mendapat nilai 78,18% sehingga termasuk kategori “Layak”. 2) ahli materi diperoleh rata-rata 4,35 termasuk kategori “Sangat Baik” dan dipresentasekan mendapat nilai 87,14% termasuk kategori “Sangat Layak”. 3) ahli media diperoleh rata-rata 3,56 termasuk kategori “Baik” dan dipresentasekan mendapat nilai 71,25% termasuk kategori “Layak”. Penilaian oleh siswa: 1) uji coba perorangan diperoleh rata-rata 4,05 termasuk kategori “Baik” dan dipresentasekan mendapat nilai 81,03% termasuk kategori “Sangat Layak”. 2) uji coba kelompok kecil diperoleh rata-rata 4,06 termasuk kategori “Baik” dan dipresentasekan mendapat nilai 81,24% termasuk kategori “Sangat Layak”. 3) uji coba lapangan diperoleh rata-rata 4,32 termasuk kategori “Sangat Baik” dan dipresentasekan mendapat nilai 86,52% termasuk kategori “Sangat Layak”. Dengan demikian video pembelajaran berbasis Powtoon materi aritmatika sosial ini dinyatakan valid dan praktis sehingga layak digunakan.
BENTUK PERTUNJUKKAN TARI GONG CIK DALAM ACARA SEDEKAH BUMI DI DESA LAHAR KECAMATAN TLOGOWUNGU KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Ermawati Ermawati , Karyono Karyono
Published: June 2024

Tari Gong Cik merupakan salah satu kesenian tradisional di Kabupaten Pati. Tari Gong Cik menggunakan ilmu bela diri pencak silat dalam gerak tariannya. Tari Gong Cik kapan ada masih belum diketahui secara pasti, namun beberapa sumber mengatakan bahwa Tari Gong Cik sudah ada sejak jaman penjajahan Belanda. Tari Gong Cik ikut serta dalam acara sedekah bumi di Desa Lahar Kecamatan Tlogowungu Kabupaten Pati yang dilaksanakan setiap tahunnya pada bulan Apit (penanggalan bulan jawa) hari Kamis Pahing. Ilmu bela diri pencak silat yang disajikan dalam tari Gong Cik tidak lagi untuk menyerang musuh namun sudah menjadi tontonan bagi khalayak umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Untuk membahas tentang bentuk menggunakan konsep dari Suzanne K. Langer yang membahas unsur-unsur pembentuk tari yang meliputi gerak, musik atau iringan, rias dan busana, properti, penari, pola lantai, dan tempat dan waktu pertunjukkan. Membahas permasalahan fungsi menggunakan pendapat dari Soedarsono yang mengemukakan fungsi seni sebagai pertunjukkan, sarana upacara, sarana hiburan pribadi dan sebagai tontonan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pertunjukkan Tari Gong Cik dalam sedekah bumi terlingkup atau terikat dalam upacara sedekah bumi sehingga bentuk gerak, musik atau iringan, rias dan busana, properti, penari, pola lantai, dan tempat dan waktu pertunjukkan memiliki kekhususan yang membedakan bentuk pertunjukkan tari Gong Cik diluar sedekah bumi. Hal ini menunjukkan fungsi tari Gong Cik sebagai hiburan yang terpola dari upacara sedekah bumi.
Penyuluhan Kontrasepsi Metode Amenorea Laktasi (MAL) Guna Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas
Authors: Andriyani Dian Tuti , Febrina Hilda , Halimah Nur , Latifah Nurul , Saprina Okta , Renika Renika , Utami Iis Tri
Published: June 2024

The population density in Indonesia is increasing rapidly, with many breastfeeding mothers delaying the use of contraception due to concerns about interfering with the breastfeeding process for their infants. Contraception is commonly used by mothers after giving birth to space future births; there are many contraceptive options available depending on a mother's knowledge and beliefs in selecting a method. Exclusive breastfeeding serves as a reasonably effective temporary contraceptive method as long as the mother has not menstruated and the infant is less than six months old. The effectiveness of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method reaches 98% for mothers exclusively breastfeeding. The purpose of this outreach is to provide information about the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM). The methods used in this community outreach begin with introductions of the speakers, followed by education on health information, a question and answer session with participants, and closing remarks. This program aims to enable postpartum breastfeeding mothers to utilize LAM as a contraceptive method. The intended outputs of this activity include: Scientific publications in journals with ISSN numbers/Proceedings, video recordings of the activity, improved knowledge and skills of postpartum mothers, and improved community health).
Penggunaan Uang Digital dalam Transaksi Keuangan Masyarakat di Desa Jambu Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah
Authors: Yefriza  , Ekaputri Retno Agustina , Pasaribu Esti , Sitorus Antoni
Published: June 2024

This community service activity (PPM) was carried out with the issue of Digital Money in Financial Transactions in Jambu Village, Central Bengkulu Regency. The activity was attended by 20 participants from the Talang Jambu Village Community. This activity was motivated by the fact that many people still do not understand digital money and the distance of public banks from villages means that economic activities are often hampered. In this activity, people can understand the need for technology in finance and payment tools so that economic transactions can continue to be carried out even if they do not have cash. Digital money also makes the transaction process easier because there is no need for direct face-to-face contact between sellers and buyers so economic activity can run more massively and conductively.
Sosialisasi Peran Artificial Intelligence Terhadap Proses Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Di Universitas Pelita Bangsa
Authors: Rifqi Putra Adhadi  , Muhammad Rizky Efendi  , Raka Muzakki  , Hafizh Rizki Pratama Yudiansyah  , Bintang Panjaitan  , Rifqi Al-Muzaky
Published: June 2024

The rapid advancement of information technology greatly impacts education, especially in learning. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is pivotal in various sectors, including education. This study explores AI's role in student learning at Universitas Pelita Bangsa. AI adaptation addresses challenges like educator scarcity, offering tailored learning experiences. It fosters active engagement and immediate feedback. However, overreliance on AI may hinder creativity and change traditional teaching. A study was conducted at Universitas Pelita Bangsa, engaging 50 students through a Zoom seminar. Topics included AI introduction, educational applications, and pros and cons. Findings show high satisfaction (75% satisfied, 20% highly satisfied). Enhanced learning quality was observed. In conclusion, AI integration holds potential for better learning outcomes. Continuous evaluation and adaptability are vital. This study highlights the importance of student-centric approaches in AI integration.
Promosi Tenun Khas Bima Sebagai Penguatan Identitas Kota Bima Melalui Kegiatan Lombok Essay Competition
Authors: Saputri Adinda Riska , Afrizanudin Muhammad , Hardinandar Fajrin
Published: June 2024

This community service activity aims to promote and strengthen the identity of Bima City through the development of typical Bima weaving. The method is to take part in the Lombok Essay Competition Event. The activity began with cultural and economic observations in Bima City, followed by assistance in the preparation of scientific work on Bima typical weaving which was presented at the event on March 9-12 2024. The results showed that the Bima typical weaving industry provided a significant multiplier effect on other industries in Bima City. Analysis of the Input-Output derivation table shows an increase in final demand of 1.4 billion rupiah in the Bima typical weaving industry. In conclusion, this activity is able to promote Bima's typical weaving as the identity of Bima City and provide a positive economic impact, as well as having the potential to support local development and community empowerment.
Pelatihan Mental Sehat Untuk Pengembangan Resiliensi Guru
Authors: Sugara Gian Sugiana , Rahimsyah Anandha Putri , Muhajirin Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Teachers have a responsibility not only to deliver lesson material, but also to shape the character and mental well-being of students. For this reason, the Guidance and Counseling Study Program at the Muhammadiyah University of Tasikmalaya held a "Healthy Mental Training" program at the Nurul Amal Ciamis Islamic Boarding School, discussing healthy mental management and a healthy mental mindset. This training aims to provide an in-depth understanding of mental health, provide knowledge about mental health disorders, symptoms, and how to manage them, and educate teachers about the importance of supporting students who experience mental health problems. The activity method involves preparation, implementation and evaluation, with a focus on teachers' understanding and awareness of the importance of students' mental health. The article highlights efforts to empower teachers as agents of change in creating an educational environment that supports growth for both teachers and students.
Sosialisasi Kesetaraan Gender Untuk Pencegahan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan di Dusun Ngrenak Kidul
Authors: Setiawan Antonius Ian Bayu
Published: June 2024

Gender issues are closely related to preventing violence against women. Women are often considered as weak creatures and very vulnerable to being targets of various forms of violence. Violence against women is currently a global problem that affects the mental, physical, and emotional well-being of women throughout the world. Providing outreach regarding gender equality to prevent violence and provide a better understanding of the target audience for teenagers. The aim of this activity is to increase teenagers' knowledge about sexual violence, reproductive health, and the concept of gender equality. The results of this activity show that teenagers in Ngrenak Kidul Hamlet understand the prevention of sexual violence and gender equality but have not fully implemented some of the actions that have been socialized.
Functional responses of a medium-ranging marine predator highlight the importance of frontal zones as foraging locations
Authors: Cleasby IR , Owen E , Miller PI , Jones RJ , Wilson LJ , Bolton M
Published: June 2024

The distribution of marine predators is linked to bio-physical processes that structure the spatio-temporal availability of prey species. Within shelf seas, tidal fronts are highly productive regions occurring at the interface between mixed and stratified waters. Fronts are predictable but dynamic features, with their timing and strength varying seasonally and annually. The availability of frontal habitats will also vary between animal populations depending on geographic location. Thus, understanding the associations between marine predators and frontal habitats across a range of environmental conditions will assist marine management and conservation. Here, we assessed functional responses of breeding black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla to environmental covariates related to tidal fronts (front strength, distance to fronts, sea surface temperature [SST] and surface chlorophyll concentration) from 10 UK colonies located throughout the North Sea. Kittiwakes showed a tendency to forage in areas of higher, but not maximal, front strength when such areas were available. Areas closer to fronts (<10 km) were selected when available, though we also observed increased usage of areas distant from fronts (30-50 km). Kittiwakes tended to forage in cooler, mixed waters, particularly as average SST rose. When average chlorophyll concentrations were low, habitat usage peaked in areas of higher chlorophyll. The results highlight the importance of frontal habitats and the dynamic, non-linear nature of seabird responses to habitat. Accounting for dynamic changes in habitat availability will play a key role in future conservation efforts, particularly as marine renewable installations and climate change may influence water stratification patterns.
Effects of different intrusion patterns during anterior teeth retraction using clear aligners in extraction cases: an iterative finite element analysis
Authors: Zhang Yiyan , Wang Kaixin , Li Mengyu , Liu Cuiyu , Tang Li , Wan Chunyan , Fan Cunhui , Liu Yang
Published: June 2024

Background

Overtreatment design of clear aligner treatment (CAT) in extraction cases is currently primarily based on the clinical experience of orthodontists and is not supported by robust evidence on the underlying biomechanics. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of overtreatment strategies involving different maxillary anterior teeth intrusion patterns during anterior teeth retraction by CAT in extraction cases.

Materials and methods

A finite element model of the maxillary dentition with the first premolar extracted was constructed. A loading method of clear aligners (CAs) based on the initial state field was proposed. The iterative method was used to simulate the long-term orthodontic tooth movement under the mechanical load exerted by the CAs. Three groups of CAs were utilized for anterior teeth retraction (G0: control group; G1: incisors intrusion group; G2: anterior teeth intrusion group). Tooth displacement and occlusal plane rotation tendency were analyzed.

Results

In G0, CAT caused lingual tipping and extrusion of the incisors, distal tipping and extrusion of the canines, mesial tipping, and intrusion of the posterior teeth. In G1, the incisors showed minimal extrusion, whereas the canines showed increased extrusion and distal tipping tendency. G2 showed the smallest degree of posterior occlusal plane angle rotation, while the inclination tendency of the canines and second premolars decreased.

Conclusion

1. In CAT, tooth displacement tendency may change with increased wear time. 2. During anterior teeth retraction, the incisor intrusion pattern can provide effective vertical control for the lateral incisors but has little effect on the central incisors. Anterior teeth intrusion patterns can alleviate the inclination of canines and second premolars, resulting in partial relief of the roller-coaster effect.
Effects of pH on the microarchitecture of carbonate apatite granules fabricated through a dissolution–precipitation reaction
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Shimabukuro Masaya , Kishida Ryo , Yokoi Taishi , Kawashita Masakazu
Published: June 2024

Both the composition and architecture of artificial bone govern bone regeneration. Herein, carbonate apatite (CAp), which has a similar mineral composition to bone, was prepared by immersing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a phosphate solution with varying acidification levels (pH 6.0) to pH 8.9, to reveal the influence of pH on the composition and architecture of the resultant CAp granules. The composition, crystal morphology, and architecture of resultant CAp granules was well-characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and so on. Consequently, the rate of compositional transformation from CaCO3 to CAp was much higher at pH 6.0 and pH 7.0 than pH 8.0 and pH 8.9. The pH of the phosphate solution did not affect the macroarchitecture of the resultant CAp granules. In contrast, the composition, crystal morphology, microarchitecture, and degradation behavior of the resultant CAp granules were affected by pH of the phosphate solution. In particular, the open-pore distributions and volumes of the CAp granules prepared at pH 6.0–8.9 were changed to reflect the microarchitecture of the samples. Therefore, this study revealed that the pH-controlled elution precipitation reaction is useful for controlling the composition, crystal morphology, microarchitecture, and degradation behavior of the resultant CAp, while preserving its macroarchitecture. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the design of artificial bones for bone regeneration.
Natural product nanozymes of herbal extract galangin in managing hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Erhao , Wu Yuxia , Wang Yan , Li Jiao , Liang Xiuzhen , Wang Zhongtao , Liu Xiaofei , Feng Faming , Mao JianCang , Zhu Yingqi , Li Le
Published: June 2024

Numerous local herbal extract species have been investigated as potential medicinal ingredients due to their promising anti-cancer properties. However, the primary constraint of the class of plant flavonoids lies in their low solubility and limited membrane permeability, leading to chemical instability and restricted bioavailability that impede biomedical applications. In this study, we have developed an ideal nanozyme-Galazyme, comprising galangin-loaded copper Nanozyme coated by DSPE-PEG, which amplifies oxidative stress to induce apoptosis via the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Galazyme exhibited significant peroxidase mimetic activity, demonstrating its potential to generate ROS and elevate oxidative stress. Upon uptake by HepG-2 cells, Galazyme efficiently converts excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly reactive •OH radicals and upregulates MAPK expression, leading to the activation of Bax and Caspase 3, thereby promoting irreversible tumor cell apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that Galazyme inhibits tumor cell growth and induces apoptosis by generating ample ROS and activating the MAPK pathway. Our study offers novel evidence supporting the enhancement of Galazyme-induced apoptosis through the upregulation of Bax and Caspase 3, along with the elucidation of the interaction between MAPK and apoptosis.
Gut microbiome-derived hydrolases—an underrated target of natural product metabolism
Authors: He Jiaxin , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Junming , Wang Rong , Cao Xinyuan , Liu Ge
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying gut microbiome-derived hydrolases in relation to oral drug metabolism, particularly focusing on natural product drugs. Despite the significance of natural product drugs in the field of oral medications, there is a lack of research on the regulatory interplay between gut microbiome-derived hydrolases and these drugs. This review delves into the interaction between intestinal microbiome-derived hydrolases and natural product drugs metabolism from three key perspectives. Firstly, it examines the impact of glycoside hydrolases, amide hydrolases, carboxylesterase, bile salt hydrolases, and epoxide hydrolase on the structure of natural products. Secondly, it explores how natural product drugs influence microbiome-derived hydrolases. Lastly, it analyzes the impact of interactions between hydrolases and natural products on disease development and the challenges in developing microbial-derived enzymes. The overarching goal of this review is to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of research and development in new natural product drugs and personalized treatment.
The urinary microbiota composition and functionality of calcium oxalate stone formers
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhang Xue-qi , Guo Ji-nan , Yuan Qian , Xiao Ke-feng , Yuan Ye-qing
Published: June 2024

Background

Accumulated evidences indicate that dysbiosis of the urinary microbiota is associated with kidney stone formation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the urinary microbiota composition and functionality of patients with calcium oxalate stones and compare it with those of healthy individuals.

Method

We collected bladder urine samples from 68 adult patients with calcium oxalate stones and 54 age-matched healthy controls by transurethral catheterization. 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing were utilized to characterize the urinary microbiota and functionality associated with calcium oxalate stones.

Results

After further exclusion, a total of 100 subjects was finally included and analyzed. The diversity of the urinary microbiota in calcium oxalate stone patients was not significantly different from that of healthy controls. However, the urinary microbiota structure of calcium oxalate stone formers significantly differed from that of healthy controls (PERMANOVA, r = 0.026, P = 0.019). Differential representation of bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium) and several enriched functional pathways (e.g., threonine biosynthesis) were identified in the urine of calcium oxalate stone patients.

Conclusion

Our results showed significantly different urinary microbiota structure and several enriched functional pathways in calcium oxalate stone patients, which provide new insight into the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate stones.
MpoxNet: dual-branch deep residual squeeze and excitation monkeypox classification network with attention mechanism
Authors: Sun Jingbo , Yuan Baoxi , Sun Zhaocheng , Zhu Jiajun , Deng Yuxin , Gong Yi , Chen Yuhe
Published: June 2024

While the world struggles to recover from the devastation wrought by the widespread spread of COVID-19, monkeypox virus has emerged as a new global pandemic threat. In this paper, a high precision and lightweight classification network MpoxNet based on ConvNext is proposed to meet the need of fast and safe detection of monkeypox classification. In this method, a two-branch depth-separable convolution residual Squeeze and Excitation module is designed. This design aims to extract more feature information with two branches, and greatly reduces the number of parameters in the model by using depth-separable convolution. In addition, our method introduces a convolutional attention module to enhance the extraction of key features within the receptive field. The experimental results show that MpoxNet has achieved remarkable results in monkeypox disease classification, the accuracy rate is 95.28%, the precision rate is 96.40%, the recall rate is 93.00%, and the F1-Score is 95.80%. This is significantly better than the current mainstream classification model. It is worth noting that the FLOPS and the number of parameters of MpoxNet are only 30.68% and 31.87% of those of ConvNext-Tiny, indicating that the model has a small computational burden and model complexity while efficient performance.
Expressive syntax matters for second-order false belief: a study with hearing-impaired children
Authors: Serrat Elisabet , Amadó Anna , Durrleman Stephanie , Intxaustegi Alaitz , Sidera Francesc
Published: June 2024

While children with typical language development may capitalize on general language skills to grasp the content of others’ minds, those with challenges in mind-reading could rather rely more specifically on complementation structures. However, most studies investigating mind-reading have focused on first-order false-belief reasoning, while much less is known about second-order false-belief, particularly for children that may present language difficulties, such as children with hearing impairment. This study aims to explore the link between language development and second-order false-belief in hearing-impaired children compared to their hearing counterparts. It seeks to ascertain whether mastering second-order false-belief requires the comprehension of complements or other language skills in hearing-impaired children, and if a distinct pattern emerges in their hearing peers. Children with hearing-impairment (n = 22) and a chronological age-matched control group (n = 25), ages 8–12, were administered a second-order false-belief task (carefully avoiding use of complements and highly visual). Alongside this, they completed assessments of expressive vocabulary, receptive and expressive syntax, recalling sentences, and a recursive sentential complements task. Correlational analysis revealed that in the control group only productive syntax was related to performance on the second-order false-belief task, while in the hearing-impaired group, expressive vocabulary, recalling sentences and sentential complements were related to second-order false-belief performance. These results show that vocabulary, recursive complements and expressive syntax are particularly important aspects for second-order false-belief success in children with hearing-impairment as compared to their hearing peers. These results shed light on how language and second-order false-belief understanding are related in their development.
Low estimated glomerular filtration rate and high body mass index are risk factors for acute kidney injury in systemic lupus erythematosus patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Chunrong , Tian Yajie , Zhang Yuelun , Miao Qi , Wu Di , Yu Chunhua
Published: June 2024

Objective

The occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is common following cardiac surgery, especially among patients characterized with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but studies on this clinical scenario have been limited by the rarity of SLE. We aimed to explore the risk predictors and outcomes with regards to postoperative AKI among cardiac-surgical patients concomitant with SLE.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective study performed in a tertiary hospital. Adult patients diagnosed with SLE who underwent cardiac surgery within the last 22 years were enrolled. Essential variables, including patient-, surgery- and anesthesia-related information, were collected from the medical record system. The definition of AKI was derived from the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Risk predictors suspected to be linked with post-surgical AKI were calculated using the univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results

Of all 59 SLE patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 57 were ultimately enrolled into the analysis. AKI occurred in 29 patients (50.9%), who had significantly longer extubation time (median difference 1.0 day, P < 0.001), ICU length of stay (median difference 2.0 days, P = 0.001), postoperative length of stay (median difference 5.0 days, P = 0.026), and more postoperative major complications (odds ratio 10.29, P = 0.025) than the others. Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio 5.31, P = 0.021) and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2 (odds ratio 4.32, P = 0.043) were the only two factors in the multivariable analysis that were significantly correlated with the development of postoperative AKI in patients with SLE after cardiac surgery.

Conclusion

AKI in SLE patients after cardiac surgery is common and requires scrutiny, especially in overweight patients with moderate to severe preoperative renal dysfunction.
Application of non-destructive testing methods for assessing fracture resistance in dental ceramics: the sound harvesting test
Authors: Haddad Camille , Gebran Jean , El Zoghbi Amine
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Evaluating the fracture resistance of dental ceramics such as monolithic zirconia crowns is crucial for assessing their durability. Conventional destructive laboratory tests often fail to accurately evaluate the timing and failing crack formation of these brittle materials. Non-destructive testing methods, such as acoustic emission testing (AET), offers an alternative by providing valuable data on material properties without causing damage to the samples.The in vitro study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of a sound harvesting modified acoustic emission testing by comparing the fracture resistance of posterior monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) measured via the modified set up with that of a conventional fracture toughness test.

Material and methods

A modified acoustic emission set up, the sound harvesting test (SHT), featuring a condenser microphone, an amplifier, a custom audio chipset and a cut-off switch integrated into a universal testing machine, was compared to a conventional fracture toughness test to measure fracture loads on 50 posterior monolithic zirconia crowns divided in two groups.

Results

The sound harvesting test recorded a mean fracture load of 1,108.99 N, significantly less than the 1,292.52 N measured with the conventional test, indicating a more sensitive detection of fractures. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion

Despite its limitations, the study suggests considering sound harvesting testing as an potential alternative for fracture load testing of dental brittle materials due to its ability to identify failures at lower loads enhancing therefore a more accurate evaluation of the behavior of dental materials. However, further testing on a broader range of dental materials is warranted to improve result accuracy and applicability.
3D spatial distribution of soil pollutants based on geo-shadowing anisotropic RBF-PCA
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Liao Juanhua , Gui Ren , Shu Meiting , Liu Jia , Zhang Dengke , Zhu Fei , Li Qiurong
Published: June 2024

Research on soil contamination has become increasingly important, but there is limited information about where to sample for pollutants. Thus, the use of three-dimensional (3D) spatial interpolation techniques has been promoted in this area of study. However, the application of traditional interpolation methods is limited in geography, especially in the expression of anisotropy, and it is not associated with geographical properties. To address this issue, we used a test site (a factory in Nanjing) to develop a new research method based on the geographical shading radial basis function (RBF) interpolation method, which considers 3D anisotropy and geographical attribute expression. Drilling and uniform sampling were used to sample the contaminated area at this test site. This approach included two steps: i) An ellipsoid with anisotropic properties was constructed. Thus, the first step was to determine the shape of the ellipsoid using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the main orientations and construct a rotational and stretched matrix. The second step was determining the ellipsoid size by computing the range using the variogram method for orientations. ii) During field measurement, the geospatial direction influences soil attribute values, so a shadowing calculation method was derived for quadratic weight determination. Then, the weight of the attribute value of known points can be assigned to meet the field conditions. Lastly, the model was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE). For the 2D space, the RMSE values of Kriging, RBF, and the proposed method are 6.09, 7.12, and 5.02, respectively. The R2 values of Kriging, RBF, and the proposed method are 0.871, 0.832, and 0.946, respectively. For the 3D space, the RMSE values of Kriging, RBF, and the proposed method are 2.65, 2.23, and 2.58, respectively. The R2 values of Kriging, RBF, and the proposed method are 0.934, 0.912, and 0.953, respectively. The resulting fitted model was relatively smooth and met experimental needs. Thus, we believe that the interpolation method can be applied as a new method to predict the distribution of soil pollutants.
UAV and field survey investigation of a landslide triggered debris flow and dam formation in Eastern Carpathians
Authors: Mihu-Pintilie Alin , Stoleriu Cristian Constantin , Urzică Andrei
Published: June 2024

In the May–August period of 2010, major heavy rains impacted the Eastern Carpathians (Northeastern Romania), leading to flash floods and triggering numerous landslides. The extreme weather conditions caused damage to the road network, extensive forest destruction, and lead to formation of impounded lakes. One of the hardest-hit areas was the mountain tributaries catchments of the Bistrița watershed. Particularly, the most significant landslide-triggered debris flow event occurred in the upper Iapa valley (Neamț County). The landslide process started near the top of the Drumul Chinezilor ridge in the Goșmanu-Geamăna Massif (Tarcău Mountains), at an elevation of 875 m a.s.l., and the flow-slide fan obstructed a 300-m section of the Iapa watercourse at 615 m a.s.l. This study compiles the climatic, anthropogenic, geological, and geomorphological evidence gathered during the field investigation in the October 2023 and utilizes Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data collected to reconstruct the occurred debris flow-slide event. Additionally, it explores considerations regarding the reactivation of landslide processes, dam stability, and the future evolution of the impounded lake (Făgețel Lake: water surface area of 9,500 m2; maximum depth 10 m). Furthermore, the lessons learned and future actions required to prevent further mass movement associated with debris flow-slide processes in prone areas of the Eastern Carpathians are discussed.
Students are using large language models and AI detectors can often detect their use
Authors: Paustian Timothy , Slinger Betty
Published: June 2024

Large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence (AI) has been in development for many years. Open AI thrust them into the spotlight in late 2022 when it released ChatGPT to the public. The wide availability of LLMs resulted in various reactions, from jubilance to fear. In academia, the potential for LLM abuse in written assignments was immediately recognized, with some instructors fearing they would have to eliminate this mode of evaluation. In this study, we seek to answer two questions. First, how are students using LLM in their college work? Second, how well do AI detectors function in the detection of AI-generated text? We organized 153 students from an introductory microbiology course to write essays on the regulation of the tryptophan operon. We then asked AI the same question and had the students try to disguise the answer. We also surveyed students about their use of LLMs. The survey found that 46.9% of students use LLM in their college work, but only 11.6% use it more than once a week. Students are unclear about what constitutes unethical use of LLMs. Unethical use of LLMs is a problem, with 39% of students admitting to using LLMs to answer assessments and 7% using them to write entire papers. We also tested their prose against five AI detectors. Overall, AI detectors could differentiate between human and AI-written text, identifying 88% correctly. Given the stakes, having a 12% error rate indicates we cannot rely on AI detectors alone to check LLM use, but they may still have value.
Based on systematic druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies therapeutic targets for diabetes
Authors: Li Hu , Li Wei , Li Dongyang , Yuan Lijuan , Xu Yucheng , Su Pengtao , Wu Liqiang , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Diabetes and its complications cause a heavy burden of disease worldwide. In recent years, Mendelian randomization (MR) has been widely used to discover the pathogenesis and epidemiology of diseases, as well as to discover new therapeutic targets. Therefore, based on systematic “druggable” genomics, we aim to identify new therapeutic targets for diabetes and analyze its pathophysiological mechanisms to promote its new therapeutic strategies.

Material and method

We used double sample MR to integrate the identified druggable genomics to evaluate the causal effect of quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) expressed by druggable genes in blood on type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1DM and T2DM). Repeat the study using different data sources on diabetes and its complications to verify the identified genes. Not only that, we also use Bayesian co-localization analysis to evaluate the posterior probabilities of different causal variations, shared causal variations, and co-localization probabilities to examine the possibility of genetic confounding. Finally, using diabetes markers with available genome-wide association studies data, we evaluated the causal relationship between established diabetes markers to explore possible mechanisms.

Result

Overall, a total of 4,477 unique druggable genes have been gathered. After filtering using methods such as Bonferroni significance (P<1.90e-05), the MR Steiger directionality test, Bayesian co-localization analysis, and validation with different datasets, Finally, 7 potential druggable genes that may affect the results of T1DM and 7 potential druggable genes that may affect the results of T2DM were identified. Reverse MR suggests that C4B may play a bidirectional role in the pathogenesis of T1DM, and none of the other 13 target genes have a reverse causal relationship. And the 7 target genes in T2DM may each affect the biomarkers of T2DM to mediate the pathogenesis of T2DM.

Conclusion

This study provides genetic evidence supporting the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting seven druggable genes, namely MAP3K13, KCNJ11, REG4, KIF11, CCNE2, PEAK1, and NRBP1, for T2DM treatment. Similarly, targeting seven druggable genes, namely ERBB3, C4B, CD69, PTPN22, IL27, ATP2A1, and LT-β, has The potential therapeutic benefits of T1DM treatment. This will provide new ideas for the treatment of diabetes and also help to determine the priority of drug development for diabetes.
Retrospective evaluation of “Rods and Rings” pattern detected in the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test
Authors: İnal Neşe , Kurumanastırlı Berke , Taşkınoğlu Tutku , Duran Alev Çetin , Togay Alper , Sarıgüzel Fatma Mutlu , Kaşifoğlu Nilgün , Soylu Mehmet , Doğan Yavuz , Us Ebru , Sarıbaş Zeynep , Kaklıkkaya Neşe , Şener Burçin
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Anti-rods and rings (anti-RR) antibodies have recently been described as a cytoplasmic pattern in IIF-based screening of autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells and ICAP has named it as AC-23. It is most frequently related to drug-induced antibody generation. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of AC-23 positivity and its relevance to the diagnosis and/or follow-up of the associated diseases and/or drug use.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective study was conducted among 10 hospitals from six different provinces in Türkiye from January 2017 to December 2021. The laboratory data and clinical information of 600 patients with positive anti-RR antibodies out of 547.558 HEp-2 IIF ANA samples were analyzed.

Results

The distribution of AC-23 positive patients by year indicated a steady increase between 2017-2021. Anti-RR prevalence in post-COVID-19 period was significantly higher than that of pre-COVID-19 period (p=0.00). Concomitant ANA positivity was detected in 56.5% of patients, the most common patterns being AC-4 and AC-5 (41.1%). The most frequent pathology among the anti-RR positive patients was an autoimmune disease (19.83%); 28.57% of which had rheumatoid arthritis and 17.65% autoimmune liver disease. Among the 600 patients, 65 (10.83%) were diagnosed as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Available data for 38 of the HCV patients revealed that 71.05% of them had a history of interferon alfa+ribavirin and 28.95% of them had a history of NS3/4/5A/5B polymerase inhibitor or protease inhibitor drug use. Significant increase in the rate of anti-RR positivity was observed in the post-COVID-19 period when compared to pre-COVID-19 period (p:0.00).

Discussion

This is the first multicenter study in Türkiye about the clinical association of anti-RR antibodies which may be ignored during routine HEp-2 IIF testing. Pathologies other than HCV should be taken into consideration in terms of the possible role of anti-RR in autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. The preliminary data obtained in this study suggest that anti-RR antibody development might also be associated to COVID-19, supporting the several previous data related to the potential of viruses triggering the formation of autoantibodies. Large-scale prospective studies should elucidate the clinical significance of RR pattern and determine its role in patient diagnosis and follow-up.
Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency after treatment with retifanlimab: a case report
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Xiao Li , Zhou Guangxin , Zhu Huijuan , Bi Yongmin , Du Junjie , Zhang Da
Published: June 2024

With advancements in medical oncology, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the first-line treatment for many malignancies. ICIs play a significant role in improving cancer prognosis, but a series of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including immune-related endocrine events (irEEs), caused by ICIs have also aroused concerns. Rapid clinical identification of irAEs caused by ICIs is particularly important. We describe a case of secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (AI) after PD-1 treatment in a postoperative patient with endometrial cancer. A 73-year-old female patient developed anorexia, nausea, vomiting, malaise, electrolyte disturbances, ineffective symptomatic treatment, and decreased serum adrenocorticotropin and cortisol levels six months after retifanlimab treatment. The vomiting resolved, and the electrolyte levels were corrected after 3 days of treatment with glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, intravenous, 200 mg/day). When patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as poor appetite and nausea, not only symptomatic treatment but also a search for the etiology behind the symptoms is needed, especially in immunotherapy patients who should undergo a thorough evaluation of the endocrine system and be alert for adrenocortical insufficiency.
Coordinated expansion of memory T follicular helper and B cells mediates spontaneous clearance of HCV reinfection
Authors: Eisa Mohamed , Gomez-Escobar Elsa , Bédard Nathalie , Abdeltawab Nourtan F. , Flores Nicol , Mazouz Sabrina , Fieffé-Bédard Alizée , Sakayan Patrick , Gridley John , Abdel-Hakeem Mohamed S. , Bruneau Julie , Grakoui Arash , Shoukry Naglaa H.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Follicular helper T cells are essential for helping in the maturation of B cells and the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during primary viral infections. However, their role during recall responses is unclear. Here, we used hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection in humans as a model to study the recall collaborative interaction between circulating CD4 T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and memory B cells (MBCs) leading to the generation of NAbs.

Methods

We evaluated this interaction longitudinally in subjects who have spontaneously resolved primary HCV infection during a subsequent reinfection episode that resulted in either another spontaneous resolution (SR/SR, n = 14) or chronic infection (SR/CI, n = 8).

Results

Both groups exhibited virus-specific memory T cells that expanded upon reinfection. However, early expansion of activated cTfh (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ICOS+FoxP3−) occurred in SR/SR only. The frequency of activated cTfh negatively correlated with time post-infection. Concomitantly, NAbs and HCV-specific MBCs (CD19+CD27+IgM−E2-Tet+) peaked during the early acute phase in SR/SR but not in SR/CI. Finally, the frequency of the activated cTfh1 (CXCR3+CCR6−) subset correlated with the neutralization breadth and potency of NAbs.

Conclusion

These results underscore a key role for early activation of cTfh1 cells in helping antigen-specific B cells to produce NAbs that mediate the clearance of HCV reinfection.
Graft-versus-tumor effect of post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Nakamae Hirohisa
Published: June 2024

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is becoming the standard prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in HLA-haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and in HLA-matched allo-HCT. Immune reconstitution in the post-transplant setting may influence the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect because PTCy has a profound effect on T cell and natural killer cell functions and their reconstitution after allo-HCT. However, many recent studies have shown that the incidence of relapse after allo-HCT with PTCy is comparable to that after conventional allo-HCT. To further improve the outcomes, it is critical to establish a strategy to maintain or effectively induce the GVT effect when using PTCy as a platform for GVHD prophylaxis. However, there is a paucity of studies focusing on the GVT effect in allo-HCT with PTCy. Therefore, focusing on this issue may lead to the establishment of more appropriate strategies to improve transplantation outcomes without exacerbating GVHD, including novel therapies involving cell modification.