bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incisional hernia: conventional open mesh versus laparoscopic repair; a randomized controlled study
Authors: Alsubaiee Ibrahim F.
Published: September 2020

Background: Incisional hernia is a common complication after laparotomy. Up to now, there is no consensus on the ideal surgical approach of such hernia. The aim of the present study was to compare the surgical outcomes, feasibility and cost effectiveness of the open mesh repair and laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia.Methods: A randomized controlled study conducted between August 2015 and September 2019 in which 64 patients with incisional hernias were randomly selected for either open mesh repair (36 patients) or laparoscopic repair (28 patients).Results: Patients in both groups were similar in their characteristics. The mean operative time was significantly longer in laparoscopic repair than in open mesh repair (128.6±15 minutes versus 89.8±82 minutes, p<0.05). The peri-operative complications and intra-operative blood loss were comparable in the two groups. The use of the drain was significantly higher in open group than in laparoscopic repair group (44.4% versus 10.7%). The overall rate of postoperative complications was similar in both groups, (25% for each group). The rate of wound infection and the length of hospitalization were significantly less in laparoscopic repair group. The results of postoperative pain score, cosmetic outcomes and recurrence rate showed no significant differences between the two groups but patient's satisfaction was significantly higher in laparoscopic repair. p>0.05.Conclusion: Both laparoscopic and conventional open mesh repair of incisional hernia are equivalent and feasible and safe technique. Laparoscopic repair was superior to open mesh repair in term of surgical site infection, hospital stay and patient’s satisfaction only.
Donor site morbidity following microvascular fibula transfer
Authors: Jesudass Joyce , Sivakumar Anoop , Kain Rakesh
Published: September 2020

Background: The free vascularized fibula has become the first choice of vascularised bone transfer. The advantages of fibula over other microvascular flaps include greater bone length, sufficient pedicle length and size, rich periosteal blood supply, etc.Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the long-term donor site morbidity following microvascular fibula transfer.Methods: This study was conducted over two years, in patients who underwent free fibula flap for various defects which needed a composite osseo-fasciocutaneous flap. They were followed up for one year and the donor site evaluated for complications like edema, pain, anaesthesia, spasm of muscles, Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) contracture, ankle stability and hypertrophic scarring.Results: 28 patients, age ranging 15 to 56 years, of which 22 were male and 6 were female. Total of 7 patients (25%) had complications, of which 6 patients had more than one complication. No patients experienced knee instability, weakness, or decreased range of motion. All patients returned to their normal ambulatory status.Conclusion: Free fibula transfer does have long term donor site complications, but they can be managed conservatively, seldom requiring surgical intervention. However, there are no functional limitations which makes it a feasible option in reconstructing a composite defect.in various literatures.
Evaluation of outcome in open and stapler haemorrhoidectomy in grade III/IV haemorrhoids
Authors: Singh Manju , Agarwal Amit , Pandey Kush
Published: September 2020

Background: Haemorrhoids are one of most common benign anorectal malformation worldwide. There are various surgical treatment modalities for 3rd and 4th degree haemorrhoids. Open haemorrhoidectomy was the most widely practiced and is considered the current gold standard. In search of a newer surgical technique, stapler has been introduced for haemorrhoidectomy and has revolutionised operative procedures over the last decade world-wide due to its ease and simplicity and lesser post-operative complications. The following study was done to evaluate the outcome of open versus stapled haemorrhoidectomy in terms of post-operative pain, postoperative bleeding, duration of surgery, duration of hospital stays in a medical college hospital at Raipur, Chhattisgarh.Methods: This was a prospective follow-up study, in patients undergoing surgery for grade III/IV haemorrhoids conducted in the Department of Surgery, Dr BRAM Hospital, Raipur, from August 2017 to July 2018. Fourteen patients underwent stapled haemorrhoidopexy and eighteen underwent open haemorrhoidectomy. All patients were reviewed immediately after surgery, at discharge and at 1, 3 and 10 weeks post-operatively. The two groups were compared for post-operative outcomes and complications.Results: The majority of patients in the study were males and had grade 4 haemorrhoids. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy group had shorter duration of surgery, less postoperative pain, shorter duration of hospital stays as compared with open haemorrhoidectomy group. There were no major post-operative complications in the follow up period of 10 weeks in the stapled group.Conclusions: Stapled haemorrhoidopexy is a safer alternative to open haemorrhoidectomy with many short-term benefits.
Retrospective observational study to evaluate the concept of the warm versus regular room temperature seitz bath in perineal wound healing
Authors: Naik Narendra G. , Mane Arun Y. , Gupte Nupur
Published: September 2020

Background: Seitz bath in post-perineal surgery minimizes pain by reducing anal sphincter tone and also maintains hygiene. The aim and objective of this retrospective study is to compare the effect of warm versus regular room temperature seitz bath. The article clears the concept of seitz bath. The seitz bath gives psychological satisfaction of dressing to patient and helps in boosting the concept of hygiene in their mind.Method: Study design for this study was comparative study of warm and room temperature seitz bath on 60 patients by convenience sampling operated for perineal diseases from 01 November 2019 to 30 March 2020 with written informed consent of patient and fulfilling ethical requirements at Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane, Mumbai. Patients with immunocompromised status and comorbidities like diabetes, tuberculosis, HIV were excluded from study this was the criteria for the study.Results: Out of 60 postoperative cases having perineal wounds, 35 (58.33%) patients opted for warm water seitz bath, while the rest 25 (41.66%) preferred regular room temperature seitz bath. In spite of a greater number of patients opting for warm seitz bath, wound recovery in terms of healing and wound discharge was almost similar in both the study groups. All the patients involved in the study were comfortable to resume their daily activities with significant reduction in pain by the end of first week irrespective of the choice of seitz bath they opted for.Conclusion: The study concludes that symptomatic relief and wound recovery in the operated cases of perineal surgeries completely independent of the choice of seitz bath practiced.
Multinodular goitre: a clinicopathological study from Kerala
Authors: Asokan Meena , Cholakkal Shanavas , Susheela Bibilash Babu , Abdurahiman Hima
Published: September 2020

Background: Multinodular goiter (MNG) occurs due to repeated hyperstimulation of thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency, goitrogens, antithyroid drugs and genetic defects. MNG can have different complications which include treacheal compression, retrosternal extension, malignancy and secondary thyrotoxicosis. The aim of the work was to study the clinical features and histopathology of MN in patients admitted for thyroidectomy in surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital in north Kerala.Methods: A prospective hospital based observational study in the patients in surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital in north Kerala from April 2011 to March 2012. The clinical data of patients who are subjected to thyroidectomy for MNG (clinical and fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis) were included in this study. Patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy for recurrence or malignancy were excluded from this study.Results: MNG is more common in females. Female to male ratio 24:1 Majority are in the age group of 30-50 years (64%) with a mean age of 41 years. 38% (38 cases) had pressure symptoms in the form of dysphagia or dyspnea. Secondary thyrotoxicosis seen in 17% (17 cases). Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is not an error-proof investigation in MNG. 14 % of our patients had malignancy inspite of being reported as benign in FNAC. Among the malignancies papillary carcinoma thyroid was found to be most common accounting for 12% of cases (12/100) followed by follicular carcinoma.Conclusions: FNAC is not an error proof investigation in MNG. Incidental thyroid cancer in MNG is about 14 % with papillary carcinoma thyroid being the commonest.
A prospective observational study: combined irrigation of bupivacaine at the gallbladder fossa with infiltration at port site for postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Paliwal Palak , Huda Tanweerul , Anand Krishnanand , Shivani Manish , Mishra Navneet
Published: September 2020

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a well-established procedure for gallbladder disease. Pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with multiple factors: somatic, visceral, and phrenic nerve irritation. Effective analgesic support should, therefore, be a multimodal approach following laparoscopic surgery for better patient compliance.Methods: A prospective, randomized observational study was undertaken at a tertiary research center for a period of two years (2018-2020). 160 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were chosen and randomized using a computer program into 2 groups. No infiltration was given in the control population. The study group was irrigated with a 0.5% bupivacaine solution (20cc in 30 ml normal saline).Results: The bupivacaine group required fewer analgesics in comparison to the control faction, with less pain at 6 hrs. The timing of oral intake and ambulation were comparable in both factions.Conclusions: Combined bupivacaine use led to a considerable decrease in postoperative pain thereby leading to decreased analgesic use.
Role of carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of oral leukoplakia
Authors: Kshirsagar Pankaj , Nichkaode Prabhat B. , Patil Dipti A. , Santhan Balajiprathep
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the treatment results of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vaporisation in the well-defined cohort patients with oral leukoplakia. The group consisted of 20 patients. Before treatment, a clinical photograph and an incisional biopsy were performed in all the cases. Also, post treatment results were documented with clinical photographs. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. 18 out of 20 patients treated for cure (90%) achieved local control after one treatment. The remaining 2 patients required (10%) 2nd and 3rd vaporisations. The rate of malignant transformation after CO2 laser treatment is found to be 2.27% which is comparable to the other studies. CO2 laser vaporisation in the treatment of oral leukoplakia lesions is an excellent procedure in not only preventing the local recurrence and the malignant transformation but also in preventing the post-operative dysfunction. It is a time saving procedure with a negligible intra operative bleeding. The wound healing procedure after CO2 laser is extremely good causing the least post procedure morbidity.
Lateral genicular artery flap for reconstruction of defects around the knee: a series of 5 cases
Authors: Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao Venkata , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Jayachandiran Anand Prasath
Published: September 2020

The lateral genicular artery flap is a fasciocutaneous flap used for knee reconstruction with low donor site morbidity. It is raised from the lower lateral thigh and is based upon the cutaneous termination of superior lateral genicular artery. This flap showed constant anatomy and is reliable for coverage of defects at superior and lateral portions of the knee and the proximal part of the lower leg. The study period was from January 2016 to June 2017 where we operated on 5 patients, 3 for post-traumatic and 2 were post burn contracture excision. The flap was used as a pedicled fasciocutanous and was based on the superior lateral genicular artery. Five cases underwent lateral genicular artery flap of which 4 were males and 1 was a female. Mean defect size was 12 cm×10 cm. All the donor sites were closed with a split skin graft. One patient had distal necrosis which was managed conservatively. The lateral genicular artery flap is a thin, versatile, reliable and easy to harvest flap for reconstructing defects around the knee, with good cosmetic and functional outcome.
Laparoscopic surgery by spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, a case report of treatment Boerhaave syndrome
Authors: Galliamov Eduard A. , Semenyakin Igor V. , Erin Sergey A. , Kytirev Evgeniy A. , Gololobov Grigorii Y. , Burmistrov Alexandr I.
Published: September 2020

Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, Boerhaave syndrome, is a rare pathology and emergency condition for the patient. Patient, 63-year-old, on the 6th day of the disease falls into the clinic, where a Boerhaave syndrome was diagnosed. Laparoscopic surgery was performed. Sanitation and drainage of the mediastinum, suturing of the perforation hole were performed. After the operation, а positive response to treatment was observed. A group of authors believes that a minimally invasive approach to the treatment of spontaneous esophageal rupture is the alternative method for patients with severe somatic status and a small perforated opening of the esophagus.
A rare cause of right iliac fossa lump: contained fish bone perforation of caecum
Authors: Khan Washim F. , Jain Sandeep , Rathore Yashwant S. , Chumber Sunil
Published: September 2020

Ingested foreign bodies usually pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract but few of them can cause symptoms. They can get stuck at acute angulations or narrow part of intestine and can perforate leading to localized to generalized peritonitis, collection or abscess formation. We describe a case of 59 year old gentleman who presented with pain in right iliac fossa with fever and a hard, tender lump. Initial investigation revealed a mass in right iliac fossa adherent to anterior abdominal was in right iliac fossa region with a foreign body inside. Patient was managed with exploratory laparotomy, removal of a fish bone from cacecum and limited right hemicolectomy. Fishbone perforation of caecum is a rare entity. Careful corroboration between patient’s presentation and radiological findings with a high index of suspicion is needed for pre-operative diagnosis.
Chondroid syringoma of the upper lip: a rare entity
Authors: Goel Ashiya , . Aman , Raheja Vinny , Kumari Manisha
Published: September 2020

Chondroid syringomas are uncommon cutaneous neoplasms of sweat gland origin which are slow-growing, nontender, subcutaneous or intracutaneous in location and often occurring in the head and neck region. Chondroid syringoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any subcutaneous nodule over the face. The clinician may miss the diagnosis of this lesion and if it is suspected, tumour should be excised with a margin of normal tissue and regular follow up should be done.
The evaluation of various morphological aspects of septal cartilage-a cadaveric study: a 6 months observation study in KLEs, Dr. Prabhakar kore hospital, Belagavi
Authors: Chandra Indresh , Bellad Shama
Published: September 2020

The nasal septum provides support for the portion of cartilaginous nasal dorsum, and it is responsible for determining the projection of the nasal tip. Septal cartilage plays an important role as a donor graft material in modern rhinoplasty. An anatomical study was performed on 10 adult cadavers. The excised septal cartilage was placed on grid paper; digital images were taken; all septal cartilage was divided into nine equivalent quadrants; and quantitative measurements for length, height, and area were calculated and compared. The average length of the septum was 35.8 mm, while the average height was 25.9 mm. The average septal area was 679.7 mm2. The septal thickness mean values were analysed in nine quadrants, ranging from 1.21 to 2.08 mm. Specifically, the central and cranial areas were thickest, and the area corresponding to the L-strut was thinnest. Anatomical variations of the thickness of septal cartilage excisions were found to be statistically significant, and these differences play an important role in the proper selection of the septal grafts.
Mastoid surgery: a high-risk aerosol generating surgical procedure in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Agrawala Rohit
Published: September 2020

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious disease occurred by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which spreads human to human through respiratory secretions. It was declared as public health emergency all over the world. There is lack of data in relation to the otologic or mastoid surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. Aerosolization of the novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with middle ear and mastoid surgery. So, the safety precautions are important parts in this present pandemic time for preventing transmission of the infections to the surgeon and team members of the surgery. Preoperative screening for COVID-19 is must for safety of the surgeon and team members. The mastoid surgery on the positive, suspected or unknown status for COVID-19 patients need protection with adequate Personal protection equipment (PPE) such as disposable cap, N95 respirator and sealed eye protection or Powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), disposable gown and gloves. In the mastoid surgery, there is scarcity of the medical literature related to the transmission of the novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2and its prevention during present COVID-19 pandemic. So, the aim of this review article is to increase awareness among the otolaryngologists for preventing the viral exposure during the mastoid surgery.
A REALIDADE HUMANA NO CÂNTICO LITÚRGICO PÓS MEDELLÍN: ANÁLISE NO HORIZONTE DA METAFÍSICA ZUBIRIANA
Authors: Costa Valeriano Dos Santos , Tavares Deivid Rodrigo dos Santos
Published: September 2020

O artigo tem como objeto apresentar o compromisso com a realidade humana e mostrar que o canto litúrgico iluminado pela hermenêutica do Concilio Vaticano II feita pela Assembleia de Medellín expressa a realidade latino-americana, assumida pela Igreja dos pobres e para os pobres. Desta forma o cântico litúrgico expressa a dimensão salvífica da liturgia encarnada na busca de libertação. Para realizar o intento, abordaremos em linhas gerais a ideia de inteligência senciente, como base fundamental para o conhecimento, segundo Zubiri. Então a liturgia canta o mistério celebrado como passagem da morte para a vida, reforçando a busca de libertação dos povos oprimidos.
DAS BRUXAS, SALUDADORAS, SANTEIRAS, CUSPIDEIRAS E MEIGAS EUROPEIAS ÀS ATUAIS REZADEIRAS TRADICIONAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Câmara Yls Rabelo
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta um panorama acerca de nossas rezadeiras tradicionais: de suas origens europeias até os dias atuais. Acreditamos que o estudo dessas mulheres que curam é valido e deve ser intensificado para que seu legado não se perca. Portanto, ancoramo-nos em teóricos como Araújo (2011), Morais (2007), Santos (2007, 2009) e Theotonio (2011). Concluímos que as rezadeiras vêm sofrendo transformações ao longo dos séculos, sem perder sua essência e daí a relevância desse trabalho: servir de instrumento a mais na preservação da memória dessas mulheres que provêm a auto cura e a cura de outrem.
ENTREVISTA TEMÁTICA COM KATIUSKA FLORENCIA SERAFÍN NIEVES E LUIZ CARLOS MARCHENA IBANEZ: IMIGRANTES VENEZUELANOS
Authors: Richter Reimer Ivoni
Published: September 2020

A entrevista tematiza realidades de imigrantes venezuelanos no Brasil e na América Latina. Entre as causas da imigração estão fatores econômicos e políticos. Informa-se sobre problemas e dificuldades no processo de deslocamentos e obtenção do visto para permanência temporária ou permanente, mas também sobre manifestações de solidariedade com imigrantes e refugiados. Aponta-se para maiores incidências de discriminação e preconceito por conta da Pandemia de COVID-19, bem como para aumento da violência de gênero. A religiosidade de imigrantes consta como um dos fatores de consolo e resiliência em processos migratórios.
ENTREVISTA TEMÁTICA COM MARIA PAULA MENESES: “ESTAMOS NO MESMO MAR, MAS NÃO NO MESMO BARCO”
Authors: Richter Reimer Ivoni
Published: September 2020

A entrevista foca na realidade de (i)migrantes no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. A entrevistada contextualiza essa pandemia no conjunto de epidemias anteriores, constata que essa é global e denuncia a crise da saúde pública. Contudo, afirma que, mesmo estando todos(as) no mesmo mar, não estamos todos(as) no mesmo barco, remetendo metaforicamente às históricas fraturas abissais em sociedades patri-coloniais: as pessoas mais assoladas são as mais vulnerabilizadas em longos processos de exploração e discriminação. A pandemia escancara realidades existentes e aprofunda assimetrias de classe, gênero e etnia, exponenciando preconceitos religiosos. Por outro lado, coloca-se como oportunidade de ações solidárias e de reflexão a partir de perspectivas epistemológicas do Sul, em que importa valorizar conhecimentos múltiplos e observar criticamente ações de governos, cuja função é proteger o seu povo. Conclama à descolonização de conhecimentos e de universidades, à proteção dos direitos humanos dos mais vulneráveis, à co-construção dialógica de saberes e ao reconhecimento desse conhecimento alternativo feito de alternativas também na luta e na prevenção de pandemias.
TRANSLATING DIALECTAL EXPRESSIONS AND TERMS EMBEDDED IN SAUDI MODERN NOVELS WITH A PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE GIRLS OF RIYADH
Authors: Ismail Mousa Sayed M. , Okleh Alhwamdeh Basem
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: The current study aims to assess the translation of dialectal expressions embedded in the Girls of Riyadh and whether the translation could transfer the overall effect, aesthetic values, cultural atmosphere, style, and pragmatic effect. Methodology: The study has used a corpus linguistic approach for collecting random samples of dialectal terms used in Saudi novels and classified dialectal elements under the rubric of cultural markers and assessed the rendition of these cultural markers in connection with Dickins’ degrees of cultural transposition and House’s concept of covert translation and its criteria. Main Findings: Following the assessment of samples from the novel, the study has found that the translators neither follow domestication nor foreignization and they rely heavily on the communicative translation strategy, and in most cases, dialectal expressions are omitted or rendered into formal English. Applications of this study: The current study can be useful in providing a translation approach for translating dialectal terms and expressions in Saudi novels as it draws their attention to the utmost importance of translating dialect in order to maintain the overall effect of the source culture in the target language text. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the first of its kind in addressing the issue of translating Saudi dialectal terms and expressions embedded in contemporary Saudi novels where there is a scarcity in the number of studies dealing with the problems of translating Saudi literature into foreign languages.
Processos de ressignificação após a BNCC: aspectos da produção curricular em Mato Grosso
Authors: Santos Geniana
Published: September 2020

Este texto discute a ressignificação curricular após a normatização da Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC (BRASIL, 2018; Resolução CNE/CP nº 2/2017 (BRASIL, 2017a) e Parecer CNE/CP nº 15/2017 (BRASIL, 2017b)), entendida como política educacional regulatória ampla que projeta sentidos, identidades e garantias para a Educação Básica. Objetiva abordar o processo reformista (BALL, 2002, 2010) a partir da realidade de Mato Grosso, de modo a descrever a lógica de cascateamento proposta pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC) nos dois primeiros ciclos de implementação da BNCC. Tendo em vista a negociação global e local, são apresentados sentidos que indicam a fragilidade do conceito de implementação como norteador para a proposição de um “novo currículo” às escolas (MATO GROSSO, 2018). Como aporte teórico, o trabalho em tela pauta-se na compreensão de Política de Ball (2002, 2010), Mainardes (2006, 2018) e na perspectiva discursiva, de Lopes (2011). Como estratégia analítica, o trabalho recorre aos pressupostos da Análise Retórica, conforme proposto por Leach (2002) e Charaudeau e Maingueneau (2008). Os resultados indicam a produção curricular como ação dinâmica e passível de ressignificação em realidades diversas. Nesse sentido, a experiência de produção curricular no contexto mediador das políticas – as secretarias de educação – tendem a tanto reproduzir aspectos mandatários para outros locais, conduzindo práticas discursivas de normatização conforme o Ministério da Educação, como ressignificar a intencionalidade educativa projetada para um âmbito normativo mais restrito, em municípios e escolas.
Viability of lactic acid bacteria in two functional foods formulated with whey and malanga
Authors: Vela Gutierrez Gilber , Santos Vazquez Alondra Guadalupe , Velazquez Lopez Arturo Alberto
Published: September 2020

El suero, un producto derivado de la producción de queso, tiene carbohidratos y proteínas de buena calidad, lo que lo convierte en un medio adecuado para el desarrollo de bacterias. Las bacterias del ácido láctico (BAL) se utilizan en los alimentos para proporcionar una amplia variedad de características; estas bacterias se han utilizado en la producción de películas comestibles y compuestos antibacterianos que extienden la vida útil del producto. El objetivo fue evaluar la viabilidad del BAL en dos productos formulados con suero y malanga; Los productos fueron evaluados fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales. Mezclando dos gomas comestibles y Lactobacillus se desarrolló la película; para el helado, primero se elaboró una bebida fermentada (48 horas), luego se agregó el sabor. La viabilidad del BAL se evaluó todas las semanas durante un mes. Los resultados indican que ambos productos tuvieron un alto crecimiento bacteriano (> 106 UFC / ml), las gomas óptimas fueron xantana y malanga.
Aplicación de quitosano incrementa la emergencia, crecimiento y rendimiento del cutivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en condiciones de invernadero
Authors: Reyes Pérez Dr. Juan José
Published: September 2020

La agricultura actual busca productos que permitan el crecimiento y desarrollo de los cultivos, así como incrementar los rendimientos, asimismo que los principios activos sean de origen natural, biodegradables y no causen danos al ambiente. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de quitosano en dosis de 1, 2 y 3 g.L-1 en la emergencia, desarrollo y rendimiento de las variedades de tomate Floradade y Amalia, en condiciones de invernadero. El diseño experimental fue un Bloques completos al azar, con arreglo factorial 2 x 3 + 2. Los resultados mostraron que la dosis de 2 g L-1 fue la que mostro los valores mayores en la emergencia y desarrollo de las plantas de tomate, estimulo una mayor fructificación, peso de frutos y mayor rendimiento en la variedad Floradade. A esto se concluye que la aplicación de quitosano en dosis de 2 g.L-1 en las condiciones que se realizó la investigación incremento los rendimientos del cultivo de tomate en la variedad Floradade.
Propóleo un aditivo y antioxidante natural en pollo de engorda
Authors: Avila-Ramos Fidel , Carmona-Gasca Carlos Alfredo , Martínez-González Sergio , Arredondo-Castro Mauricio
Published: September 2020

En la actualidad hay restricciones para usar aditivos sintéticos en la producción de pollo en varios países, una alternativa es usar sustancias naturales pero tienen varias funciones y efectos sobre las aves. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar tres niveles 0, 100 y 200 mg de propóleos por kg1 de alimento en aves de engorda durante 42 días. El propóleo a 200 mg kg-1aumentó la conversión alimenticia (CA) en aves de tres semanas de edad (P<0.05), pero a 100 mg kg-1disminuyó la ganancia de peso (GP) en aves de seis semanas (P<0.05). El propóleo aumentó la cantidad de linfocitos, heterófilos y eosonófilos en aves de tres semanas (P<0.05) y los monocitos en aves de seis semanas (P<0.05). A 100 y 200 mg por kg-1de propóleo por kg de alimento disminuyó la urea en aves de tres semanas (P<0.05) y a 200 mg kg-1incrementó el colesterol y los triglicéridos en aves de seis semanas (P<0.05), pero 200 mg kg-1de propóleos evitó la oxidación de los lípidos en la carne de la pechuga (P<0.05).
Heavy Metals Accumulation and Physiological Changes in the Lichens Growing in the Vicinity of Coal-Based Thermal Power of Kanti (Muzaffarpur), Bihar, India
Authors: Kumari Alka
Published: September 2020

The present study was designed with an aim to observe the effect of increasing pollution level on native lichen diversity, metal accumulation and physiological changes around a coal-based thermal power plant of Kanti, Muzaffarpur districts of Bihar, India. Three lichen species namely Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl, Physcia dilatata Nyl., and Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl., were found growing in their natural habitat in vicinity of fly ash. Among these, Physcia dilatata Nyl., a common foliose lichen, was growing as a most dominant species at highly polluted sites. During present study the species was analyzed for six heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cu) and further physiological changes at five different sampling sites. The test species accumulated maximum levels of Fe (10,923), Pb (389), Cr (151), Zn (142), Ni (73.5), and Cu (39.5) at highly polluted dumping sites. However, there was high spatial variability in total metal accumulation in different species indicated by coefficient of variation (CV %) and showed higher values for Fe, Pb and Cr but lower for Cu and Ni. The concentration of most of the metals at different sites was statistically significant as compared to control site. Further six physiological parameters i.e., Chl a, Chl b, total pigment, chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid and total protein content were also measured and found maximum at least polluted control sites (residential sites). Total chlorophyll and protein content are most useful and efficient parameter to assess air pollution level of a region. Total chlorophyll was significantly higher at control sites (0.62) as compared to highly polluted dumping site (0.22) and similarly protein content was also higher at control sites (42.53) as compared to polluted sites (12.87). The results of the present study indicated that P. diltata is pollution tolerant (adaptation) and able to withstand local emissions from thermal power plants.
Kinetics of Arsenic Accumulation and its Impact on Biochemical Responses of Brassica juncea
Authors: Srivastava Sudhakar , Srivastava Ashish K. , Suprasanna Penna
Published: September 2020

Arsenic (As) contamination of the environment is a widespread problem with the situation at its worst in the South Asian region of West Bengal, India, and Bangladesh. In order to cope up with the problem and to be able to engineer plants in near future, there is a need to thoroughly understand the kinetics of As uptake and its impact on responses of plants. In this work, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern was used as a model system to understand kinetic interaction between As uptake and transport to the shoot and corresponding biochemical responses. The seedlings of B. juncea were exposed to 100 μM arsenite [As(III)] in hydroponics for different time points of 1, 4, and 24 hours. The As concentration was found to show a gradual increase in different tissues with time and the level of As followed the order: lower root greator than upper root greator than shoot greator than top leaves at all the times points. However, the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activities of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate oxidase (AO) were increased even at 1 h in lower shoot and leaves. The expression of transporters genes, NIP1;1, NIP2;1, NIP5;1 and NIP6;1 was found significantly up-regulated at 24 hours. This work establishes a kinetic relationship between As accumulation and ensuing biochemical responses in B. juncea.
A Score-based Method for Assessing the Importance of Urban Forest and its Ecosystem Services
Authors: Dhyani Shalini , Fulwadhani Pooja S. , Gujre Nihal , Wate Satish R.
Published: September 2020

Urban scape constitutes the manifestation of various natural and anthropic elements entangled in a specific form. However, arbitrary land-use changes during the last few decades have witnessed a significant biodiversity loss in urban areas. Over 50% of the earth’s human population lives in the urban settlement, which accounts for less than 3% of the earth’s urbanized area. Urban green spaces act as biodiversity refuge in urban areas. In such crucial circumstances, an urban forest can play a critical role in biodiversity conservation and management through academic green spaces. To understand and evaluate the role of the urban forest, the present study carried out on the campus of [CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)], Nagpur. Furthermore, an innovative and multifaceted index named total importance value (TIV) index was developed, which used to analyze the importance of the trees present on the campus. Results revealed the presence of more than 200 plant species belonging to both native and exotic groups and their contributions to improve the urban environment in terms of the TIV index. The study also advocates the usages of TIV as a framework for the development and planning of climate-smart green cities, which is resilience to climate change.
Remediation of Dyes in Water using Green Synthesized Nanoparticles (NPs)
Authors: Pandey Akanksha , Shukla Pooja , Srivastava Pankaj Kumar
Published: September 2020

With the rapid growth of population and increasing urbanization and industrialization, environmental pollution is becoming a serious concern worldwide. Different type of pollutants is released into the water bodies enormously from the expansive range of industries. Among all the pollutants, dyes are the major used noxious waste discharged by these productions. Even at minute content (less than 1ppm), dyes are posing a detrimental threat to the ecosystem and human health risks. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as an efficient technology for the remediation of environmental pollutants from water. Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can be done to degrade molecules of dyes in wastewater. Various nanoparticles such as iron, palladium, and cerium dioxide using Camellia sinensis, Boswellta serrata, and Azardirachta indica extracts have been reported successfully for the remediation of various dyes like rhodamine B, methylene blue, etc. Removal of dyes from the wastewater using green synthesized nanoparticles with the help of microbes or plant extracts is a sustainable technique, i.e., by the use of this technique, our environment will not get polluted, and its quality will also be maintained. The present review discusses the classification of dyes, nanoparticle formation by using microbes and plant extract, and, finally, the remediation of dye using such nanoparticles.
Gender Norms, Discrimination, Acculturation, and Depressive Symptoms among Latino Men in a New Settlement State
Authors: Erausquin Jennifer Toller , Song Eunyoung , Rhodes Scott D.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Drawing from major theoretical and conceptual frameworks on minor­ity men’s mental health, we designed the current observational study to assess the as­sociations of gender norms, discrimination, and acculturation with clinically significant depressive symptoms (CESD≥16) among a sample of immigrant Latino men in North Carolina.Methods: We used data from a baseline survey of men (n=111) recruited for a peer-led health intervention. To assess the associations with depressive symptoms, we performed descriptive and bivariate analy­ses, followed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Men in the sample tended to be young (mean age 18.5 years), recent immigrants (70.3% immigrated after age 16), and to have incomplete high school education (76.5%). About half (51.4%) reported experiencing discrimination due to their ethnicity and more than a third (37.8%) reported experiencing discrimina­tion due to their race. Using the short form Conformity to Masculine Norms instrument, their mean masculinity score was 52.0; their average 12-item Short Acculturation Scale for Latinos score was 21.8. More than one-quarter of participants (26.1%) had clinically significant depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression models showed among this sample of immigrant Latino men in the Southeast, traditional masculine norms—but not perceived discrimination nor accul­turation—were associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential future avenue for intervention research: testing whether changing gender norms could result in improvements to mental health.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):519-524;doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.519
Mental Health Community and Health System Issues in COVID-19: Lessons from Academic, Community, Provider and Policy Stakeholders
Authors: Arevian Armen C. , Jones Felica , Moore Elizabeth M. , Goodsmith Nichole , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Ewing Toby , Siddiq Hafifa , Lester Patricia , Cheung Erick , Ijadi-Maghsoodi Roya , Gabrielian Sonya , Sugarman Olivia K. , Bonds Curley , Benitez Christopher , Innes-Gomberg Debbie , Springgate Benjamin , Haywood Catherine , Meyers Diana , Sherin Jonathan E. , Wells Kenneth B.
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has created unprecedented changes to everyday life for millions of Americans due to job loss, school clo­sures, stay-at-home orders and health and mortality consequences. In turn, physicians, academics, and policymakers have turned their attention to the public mental health toll of COVID-19.This commentary reporting from the field integrates perceptions of academic, com­munity, health system, and policy leaders from state, county, and local levels in com­menting on community mental health needs in the COVID-19 pandemic. Stakeholders noted the broad public health scope of mental health challenges while express­ing concern about exacerbation of existing disparities in access and adverse social determinants, including for communities with high COVID-19 infection rates, such as African Americans and Latinos. They noted rapid changes toward telehealth and remote care, and the importance of understand­ing impacts of changes, including who may benefit or have limited access, with implica­tions for future services delivery. Needs for expanded workforce and training in mental health were noted, as well as potential public health value of expanding digital resources tailored to local populations for enhancing resilience to stressors.The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in delivery of health care services across populations and systems. Concerns over the mental health impact of COVID-19 has enhanced interest in remote mental care delivery and preventive services, while being mindful of potential for enhanced disparities and needs to address social determinants of health. Ongoing quality improvement across systems can integrate lessons learned to enhance a public mental well-being.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):695-700; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.695
Reply to Letter to the Editor
Authors: Clement Yuri
Published: September 2020

This reply is in response to Letter to the Editor from Raj and Mathaiyan regarding our original article, “A Protocol for the Study of Polymorphisms and Response to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Trinidad.” doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.S1.211 Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):703-704.
La larga marcha de la historia europea
Authors: Gruzinski Serge
Published: September 2020

Hoy en día, las ciencias sociales deben circular por los mundos islámico, africano, asiático y occidental, porque el discurso europeo ya no puede pretender ser el discurso universal. En 1517, hace quinientos años, la reforma de Lutero fracturó Europa. Ese mismo año, los conquistadores españoles toman México, colonizándolo y cristianizándolo. También introducen nuestra forma de escribir historia. Los vencedores lo ignoran todo sobre las sociedades indígenas. Pero, para imponer su ley, deben conocer imperativamente las costumbres y, por tanto, el pasado de los vencidos. ¿Pero qué son la historia y el tiempo en la mente de los indios? El tiempo aún no es un valor universal. ¿Cómo hubieran podido los españoles, formados en una Europa cristiana donde la historia es cronológica y orientada, para concebir y aceptar la cosmología mesoamericana? ¿Civilizados contra bárbaros? En unas pocas décadas, la máquina del tiempo de los invasores se emplea para capturar los recuerdos de las sociedades nativas amerindias, para fabricar un pasado que pueda vincularse con el antiguo patrimonio de la cristiandad. El autor ofrece, pues, una exploración original de los comienzos de la expansión colonial y explica cómo, sobre el terreno, los religiosos y los indios comienzan a escribir la historia del mundo.
La historia en la era de la abundancia: archivos web e investigación histórica
Authors: Milligan Ian
Published: September 2020

¿La década de 1990 puede ser considerada historia del presente?. A medida que los historiadores se dediquen a estudiar este período y los sucesivos, se encontrarán con un registro histórico que es radicalmente diferente de lo que ha existido anteriormente. Las webs antiguas, las redes sociales, los blogs, las fotografías y los videos son parte de la abrumadora cantidad de información digital que los tecnólogos, bibliotecarios, archivistas y organizaciones como Internet Archive han estado recopilando durante las últimas tres décadas. El artículo explora cómo esta significativa variación en nuestro registro histórico cambió el trabajo de los historiadores. Lo hace de dos maneras fundamentales. Primero, describe los enfoques, métodos, herramientas y funciones de búsqueda que pueden ayudar a un historiador a convertir documentos web en fuentes históricas. En segundo lugar, considera las implicaciones del tamaño y la escala de las fuentes digitales, que equivalen a más información de la que los historiadores jamás han tenido al alcance de la mano, mucha de la cual es de personas que tradicionalmente han estado ausentes del registro histórico. Estos aspectos se han hecho tangibles a través de un minucioso estudio de caso, trabajando con el archivo web de GeoCities.com, una colección de cientos de millones de páginas web de la década de 1990.
Editorial. La experiencia historiográfica
Authors: Pons Anaclet
Published: September 2020

Esitorial
FATIMAH MERNISSI PEREMPUAN BERPELUANG SEBAGAI KEPALA NEGARA
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: September 2020

Mernissi has tried to dismantle the building of interpretations of classical scholars, She tried to dismantle injustice feminism through criticism of the hadith about women's leadership, which according to her must be examined again in terms of asbab al-nuzul and historically why hadith or verse came down. As a sociologist, Mernissi did not only approach textual texts in conducting her studies. However, religious texts must be studied from a historical-sociological approach. This is to find the significance of meaning, if it is related to the conditions of the times and places. The hermeneutic approach, used by Mernissi, is to criticize the verses of the Qur'an and misogyny hadiths. She reveals the historical background to the following hadiths had misogyny about the quality of the narrators to find the true meaning of the text. Related to women being head of state according to Mernissi in essence, and what is a problem according to Mernissi is not the problem of men and women but how they are able to become leaders themselves.
REKONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN HASAN HANAFI DALAM BIDANG TEOLOGI ISLAM
Authors: Zul Helmi Zul Helmi
Published: September 2020

Secara teoritis Teologi Islam yang bersifat dialektis menurut Hasan Hanafi lebih mengarah pada mempertahankan doktrin dan memelihara kemurniannya. Teologi tidah hanya merupakan ide-ide kosong, tetapi memiliki ide kongkrit yang mampu membangkitkan dan menuntun umat  dalam mengharungi kehidupan nyata. Namun teologi tidak bisa dibuktikan secara filosofis, sebagaimana yang pernah dikemukakan Al-Farabi, metodologi teologi tidak bisa mengantarkan pada keyakinan atau pengetahuan yang meyakinkan tentang Tuhan, tetapi baru pada tahap pengetahuan tentang Tuhan dan wujud-wujud spritual lainya.

       Dari sisi metodologis, Hasan Hanafi memiliki kesamaan dengan cara berfikir Barat, terutama pemikiran Marxis dan Husserl. Ketika Hasan Hanafi meletakan persoalan Islam dalam konteksnya sendiri. Menurutnya, kemajuan Islam tidak dapat dilakukan dengan mengadopsi pemikiran Barat, tetapi lahir dari khazanah pemikiran Islam itu sendiri. Adapun kesamaannya dengan pemikiran Marxis terlihat ketika Hasan Hanafi menempatkan persoalan sosial praktis, sebagai dasar dari pemikiran teologinya. Penggunaan dialektika Marxis terlihat ketika Hasan Hanafi menjelaskan perkembangan pemikiran Islam dan usaha yang dilakukannya merekonstruksi pemikiran teologinya, dengan menggunakan metode filsafat Barat, kemudian mensitetiskannya. Bedanya, Marxis didasarkan kepada materi keduniaan, sedangkan Hasan Hanafi bersifat kerohanian atau religiusitas.

       Rekonstruksi kalam Hasan Hanafi dalam mendiskripsikan dzat dan sifat Tuhan, merupakan pendiskripsian tentang manusia ideal, hal ini sebenarnya bukanlah hal baru,  karena telah disampaikan oleh mu’tazilah dan kaum sufis sebelumnya. Konsepnya tentang tauhid telah disampaikan juga oleh tokoh Murtadha Muthahari. Kelebihan Hasan Hanafi ia mampu mengemas konsep-konsepnya tersebut secara lebih utuh, sehingga merasa lebih baru. Gagasan rekonstruksi teologis Hasan Hanafi lebih berorientasi pada rasionalitas Mu’tazilah. Dan Hasan Hanafi mengkritik kalam Asy’ari, menurutnya penyabab kemunduran umat Islam.

Kata Kunci: rekonstruksi, pemikiran, hasan hanafi, teologi, islam
GAGASAN POLA BACA STUDI KEAGAMAAN; ANTARA INSIDER/OUTSIDER DAN MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACHES
Authors: Prihantoro Hijrian Angga , Hendro Beko
Published: September 2020

Studi keagamaan merupakan diskursus pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan cara manusia membaca dan mengkaji ajaran agama atau laku keagamaan manusia beragama. Agama tentu tidak melulu tentang ritual peribadatan semata, melainkan juga tentang peradaban manusia. Keberadaan manusia yang terikat dalam ruang dan waktu mengindikasikan bahwa pengalaman dan pengetahuan manusia itu berbatas. Kesadaraan keagamaan dalam diri dan/atau masyarakat beragama meniscayakan perbedaan pemikiran dan tingkah laku dalam frame intelektual dan interaksi sosialnya. Maka problem filsafati yang muncul adalah dapatkah manusia, berdasarkan pengalamannya, benar-benar mampu memahami pengalaman manusia beragama lain yang sepenuhnya berbeda? Serta bagaimana agar kajian keagamaan tetap menjaga objektivitas dari subjektivitas pengkajinya? Berdasaran standpoint ini, perspektif Insider/Outsider memainkan peran penting, namun dalam konteks kehidupan beragama yang heterogen, plural dan multikultural tidak berhenti pada pola baca kuadrik dimensional sehingga membutuhkan pendekatan yang jauh lebih komprhensif. Pada titik ini, multidimensional approaches sebagai pola baca studi keagamaan yang ideal memiliki pijakan paradigmatiknya di mana ia berupaya untuk mengentitaskan agama yang sakral agar dapat dipahami oleh manusia secara netral.

Kata Kunci: studi agama, perspektif orang dalam / orang luar, pendekatan multidimensi