bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Public Health Response to Opioid Use in Pregnancy
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Schiff Davida M.
Published: November 2021

The use of opioids during pregnancy has grown rapidly in the past decade. As opioid use during pregnancy increased, so did complications from their use, including neonatal abstinence syndrome. Several state governments responded to this increase by prosecuting and incarcerating pregnant women with substance use disorders; however, this approach has no proven benefits for maternal or infant health and may lead to avoidance of prenatal care and a decreased willingness to engage in substance use disorder treatment programs. A public health response, rather than a punitive approach to the opioid epidemic and substance use during pregnancy, is critical, including the following: a focus on preventing unintended pregnancies and improving access to contraception; universal screening for alcohol and other drug use in women of childbearing age; knowledge and informed consent of maternal drug testing and reporting practices; improved access to comprehensive obstetric care, including opioid-replacement therapy; gender-specific substance use treatment programs; and improved funding for social services and child welfare systems. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists supports the value of this clinical document as an educational tool (December 2016).
Prescription Opioids in Adolescence and Future Opioid Misuse
Authors: Miech Richard , Johnston Lloyd , O’Malley Patrick M. , Keyes Katherine M. , Heard Kennon
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Legitimate opioid use is associated with an increased risk of long-term opioid use and possibly misuse in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of future opioid misuse among adolescents who have not yet graduated from high school.

METHODS

Prospective, panel data come from the Monitoring the Future study. The analysis uses a nationally representative sample of 6220 individuals surveyed in school in 12th grade and then followed up through age 23. Analyses are stratified by predicted future opioid misuse as measured in 12th grade on the basis of known risk factors. The main outcome is nonmedical use of a prescription opioid at ages 19 to 23. Predictors include use of a legitimate prescription by 12th grade, as well as baseline history of drug use and baseline attitudes toward illegal drug use.

RESULTS

Legitimate opioid use before high school graduation is independently associated with a 33% increase in the risk of future opioid misuse after high school. This association is concentrated among individuals who have little to no history of drug use and, as well, strong disapproval of illegal drug use at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of prescribed opioids before the 12th grade is independently associated with future opioid misuse among patients with little drug experience and who disapprove of illegal drug use. Clinic-based education and prevention efforts have substantial potential to reduce future opioid misuse among these individuals, who begin opioid use with strong attitudes against illegal drug use.
Overdose Risk in Young Children of Women Prescribed Opioids
Authors: Finkelstein Yaron , Macdonald Erin M. , Gonzalez Alejandro , Sivilotti Marco L.A. , Mamdani Muhammad M. , Juurlink David N. , Safety Canadian Drug
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Over the past 20 years, the prescribing of opioids has increased dramatically in North America, with parallel increases in opioid addiction, overdose, and associated deaths. We examined whether young children of women prescribed opioids were at increased risk of opioid overdose.

METHODS

We conducted a population-based, nested case control study in Ontario, Canada, between 2002 and 2015. We identified children aged ≤10 years, whose mothers received publicly funded prescriptions for an opioid or a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (comparator analgesic) in the preceding year. Cases were children who presented to hospital for or died of opioid overdose. Each case was matched with 4 controls with no opioid overdose. The primary outcome was the risk of opioid overdose.

RESULTS

We identified 103 children who presented to the hospital with opioid overdose and matched them with 412 controls. Half of the children with opioid overdose were <2 years old. Compared with controls, children with an opioid overdose were far more likely to have a mother who received a prescription opioid (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.68–3.45) and who was prescribed antidepressants. The most commonly implicated overdose opioids were codeine (53.4%), oxycodone (32.0%), and methadone (15.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

Young children of mothers prescribed opioids are at a markedly increased risk of overdose. Physicians, pharmacists, and parents should take measures to mitigate the risk of opioid-related harm to children, such as prescribing smaller quantities, emphasizing the importance of secure medication storage, and the prompt disposal of unused opioids.
Breastfeeding, Cognitive and Noncognitive Development in Early Childhood: A Population Study
Authors: Girard Lisa-Christine , Doyle Orla , Tremblay Richard E.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

There is mixed evidence from correlational studies that breastfeeding impacts children’s development. Propensity score matching with large samples can be an effective tool to remove potential bias from observed confounders in correlational studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of breastfeeding on children’s cognitive and noncognitive development at 3 and 5 years of age.

METHODS

Participants included ∼8000 families from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal infant cohort, who were identified from the Child Benefit Register and randomly selected to participate. Parent and teacher reports and standardized assessments were used to collect information on children’s problem behaviors, expressive vocabulary, and cognitive abilities at age 3 and 5 years. Breastfeeding information was collected via maternal report. Propensity score matching was used to compare the average treatment effects on those who were breastfed.

RESULTS

Before matching, breastfeeding was associated with better development on almost every outcome. After matching and adjustment for multiple testing, only 1 of the 13 outcomes remained statistically significant: children’s hyperactivity (difference score, –0.84; 95% confidence interval, –1.33 to –0.35) at age 3 years for children who were breastfed for at least 6 months. No statistically significant differences were observed postmatching on any outcome at age 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Although 1 positive benefit of breastfeeding was found by using propensity score matching, the effect size was modest in practical terms. No support was found for statistically significant gains at age 5 years, suggesting that the earlier observed benefit from breastfeeding may not be maintained once children enter school.
Coparenting Breastfeeding Support and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abbass-Dick Jennifer , Stern Susan B. , Nelson LaRon E. , Watson William , Dennis Cindy-Lee
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of a coparenting intervention on exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers and fathers.

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a large teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada. Couples were randomized to receive either usual care (n = 107) or a coparenting breastfeeding support intervention (n = 107). Follow-up of exclusive breastfeeding and diverse secondary outcomes was conducted at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum.

RESULTS

Significantly more mothers in the intervention group than in the control group continued to breastfeed at 12 weeks postpartum (96.2% vs 87.6%, P = .02). Although proportionately more mothers in the intervention group were exclusively breastfeeding at 6 and 12 weeks, these differences were not significant. Fathers in the intervention group had a significantly greater increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy scores from baseline to 6 weeks postpartum compared with fathers in the control group (P = .03). In addition, significantly more mothers in the intervention group than in the control group reported that their partners provided them with breastfeeding help in the first 6 weeks (71% vs 52%, P = .02) and that they were satisfied with their partners’ involvement with breastfeeding (89% vs 78.1%, P = .04). Mothers in the intervention group were also more satisfied with the breastfeeding information they received (81% vs 62.5%, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

The significant improvements in breastfeeding duration, paternal breastfeeding selfefficacy, and maternal perceptions of paternal involvement and assistance with breastfeeding suggest that a coparenting intervention involving fathers warrants additional investigation.
Preparticipation Physical Evaluation, 5th Ed.
Authors:   American Academy of Family Physicians,   American Academy of Pediatrics,   American College of Sports Medicine,   American Medical Society for Sports Medicine,   American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine,   American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine
Published: November 2021

This best-selling resource guides health care professionals through the preparticipation physical evaluation PPE process in the medical home for young athletes from middle school through college.
Neonatal Care: A Compendium of AAP Clinical Practice Guidelines and Policies
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

This new compendium gives you a single place to look for the most recent and trustworthy recommendations on quality care of pregnant women and their newborn infants.

https://shop.aap.org/neonatal-care-a-compendium-of-aap-clinical-practice-guidelines-and-policies-paperback/
5210 Pediatric Obesity Clinical Decision Support Chart
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Obesity
Published: November 2021

Completely revised and updated, the third edition provides clinicians with point-of-care guidance on the assessment, prevention, and treatment of obesity for children older than 2 years. Available for purchase at https://shop.aap.org/5210-pediatric-obesity-decision-support-chart-3rd-ed-paperback/
Building Resilience
Authors: Ginsburg Kenneth R.
Published: November 2021

This fully revised and updated edition includes new information about how strength-based relationships are critical to healthy development, especially for children who have had adverse childhood events or experiences (ACEs).

https://shop.aap.org/building-resilience-in-children-and-teens-4th-edition-paperback/
Pediatric Vaccines: A Clinical Decision Support Chart
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

This handy visual aid guides clinicians in discussions with patients and parents about the importance of vaccines, the diseases they help prevent, and the various vaccines recommended.

https://shop.aap.org/pediatric-vaccines-paperback/
School Restroom and Locker Room Restrictions and Sexual Assault Risk Among Transgender Youth
Authors: Murchison Gabriel R. , Agénor Madina , Reisner Sari L. , Watson Ryan J.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Transgender and gender nonbinary adolescents experience high rates of peer victimization, but the prevalence of sexual assault in this population has not been established. Some schools restrict transgender and nonbinary students from using restrooms and locker rooms that match their gender identity, with unknown effects on sexual assault risk. We tested whether these restrictions were associated with the 12-month prevalence of sexual assault victimization.

METHODS

Survey responses were analyzed from 3673 transgender and nonbinary US adolescents in grades 7 through 12 who participated in the cross-sectional 2017 LGBTQ Teen Study. We estimated the association between school restroom and locker room restrictions and sexual assault, adjusting for potential social and behavioral confounders, using logistic regression. We also tested potential mediators.

RESULTS

The 12-month prevalence of sexual assault was 26.5% among transgender boys, 27.0% among nonbinary youth assigned female at birth, 18.5% among transgender girls, and 17.6% among nonbinary youth assigned male at birth. Youth whose restroom and locker room use was restricted were more likely to experience sexual assault compared with those without restrictions, with risk ratios of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.52) in transgender boys, 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10–1.78) in nonbinary youth assigned female at birth, and 2.49 (95% CI: 1.11–4.28) in transgender girls. Restrictions were not associated with sexual assault among nonbinary youth assigned male at birth.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatricians should be aware that sexual assault is highly prevalent in transgender and nonbinary youth and that restrictive school restroom and locker room policies may be associated with risk.
Factors Associated With HIV Testing in Teenage Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Mustanski Brian , Moskowitz David A. , Moran Kevirj O. , Rendina H. Jonathon , Newcomb Michael E. , Macapagal Kathryn
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) have a high rate of HIV diagnoses. An estimated 14.5% of HIV infections in the United States are undiagnosed; but among 13- to 24-year-olds, the rate is 51.4%. We describe HIV testing rates and identifies salient individual, family, school, and health care influences among AMSM.

METHODS

Data were collected as part of SMART, an ongoing pragmatic trial of an online HIV prevention intervention for AMSM (N = 699). Measures included lifetime HIV testing, demographics, sexual behaviors, condom use, HIV education from school and family, sexual health communication with doctors, HIV knowledge, and risk attitudes.

RESULTS

Only 23.2% of participants had ever had an HIV test. Rates of testing increased with age (5.6% in 13- to 14-year-olds; 15.8% in 15- to 16-year-olds; 37.8% in 17- to 18-year-olds), and sexual experience was a strong predictor of testing (odds ratio: 6.54; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–11.49; P < .001). Most participants had a regular doctor (67.5%), but few had conversations about same-sex sexual behaviors (21.3%), HIV testing (19.2%), or sexual orientation (29.2%). Speaking to a doctor about HIV testing had a large effect (odds ratio: 25.29; confidence interval: 15.91–41.16; P < .001), with 75.4% who had such conversations having been tested, compared to only 10.8% of those who had not had such conversations.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite higher risk, few participants reported ever having received an HIV test. Data indicate pediatricians are an important, but largely untapped, source of testing and could be integral to achieving testing rates needed to end the epidemic.
Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on scale-free neural activity in the lateral septum in rats
Authors: Chaikovska O. V.
Published: November 2021

Electrophysiological recordings of brain activity show both oscillatory dynamics that typically are analyzed in the time-frequency domain to describe brain oscillatory phenomena and scale-free arrhythmic activity defined as neural noise. Recent studies consider this arrhythmic fractal dynamics of neural noise as a sensitive biomarker of a number of cognitive processes, activity of neurotransmitter systems, changes that accompany neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including alcohol use disorder. We tested the changes in neural noise induced by acute alcohol intoxication in the lateral septum for the entire spectrum (1–200 Hz) of local field potential signal and for frequency specific ranges (delta, theta, beta, gamma and epsilon bands). Five male Wistar rats were implanted with intracranial electrodes and local field potential signal was measured for baseline activity and activity induced by acute ethanol intoxication (2 g/kg). Change in neural noise dynamics was assessed as a change in the slope of linear regression fit of power spectral density curves in double logarithmic scale. In our study alcohol resulted in lower incline of scale-free activity in the lateral septum for high frequency range and for the whole spectrum, which is interpreted generally as increase in neural noise and change in neuronal processing in a more stochastic way initiated by the acute alcohol intoxication. At the same time, we observed decrease in neural noise for low frequency range. The observed changes may be related to the shift of the excitatory-inhibitory balance towards inhibition and changes in neurotransmission mostly in the GABAergic system. Scale-free activity was sensitive in the conditions of acute alcohol intoxication, therefore to understand its role in alcohol use disorder we need more data and studies on the underlying processes. Future studies should include simultaneous recordings and analysis of arrhythmic dynamics with the oscillatory and multiunit spiking activity in the lateral septum. It can reveal the contribution of different-scale processes in changes driven by acute alcohol intoxication and clarify the specific electrophysiological mechanisms.
Hereditary tubulopathies accompanying polyuia
Authors: Ryznychuk M. O. , Pishak V. P. , Bacyuk-Ponych N. V. , Pishak O. V.
Published: November 2021

Tubulopathies are a group of heterogeneous diseases that are manifested in the malfunction of the renal tubules. This review addresses tubulopathies associated with polyuria syndrome, namely renal glucosuria syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and pseudohyperaldosteronism. Types of renal glucosuria are described, namely: type A, type B and the most severe type 0. Type A is characterized by a low filtration threshold and low glucose reabsorption. The type of inheritance is autosomal recessive. Type B, autosomal dominant, is characterized by uneven activity of glucose transport, in which its reabsorption is reduced only in some nephrons. That is, normal reabsorption of glucose is maintained, but the filtration threshold of the latter is reduced. Type 0 with a severe course is characterized by complete inability of epithelial cells of the proximal tubules to reabsorb glucose. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare inherited disease caused by impaired response of the renal tubules to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Depending on the degree of inability to concentrate urine, there are complete and partial forms. It is divided into nephrogenic diabetes insipidus type I (X-linked recessive); nephrogenic diabetes insipidus type II (autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant) and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus syndrome with dementia and intracerebral calcifications (type of inheritance remains unknown). Children with autosomal recessive type of inheritance suffer from the more severe disease course. Pseudohypoaldosteronism is characterized by a special condition of the renal tubules which is due to insufficient sensitivity of the tubular epithelium to aldosterone, which in turn leads to hyperaldosteronism, the development of hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia, polydipsia and polyuria, decreased sodium reabsorption and retardation of the child's physical development. The classification includes three syndromes of pseudohypoaldosteronism, namely: type I (PHA1), which is divided into PHA1A (autosomal dominant, renal), PHA1B (autosomal recessive, systemic); type II (PHA2; Gordon’s syndrome), type III (secondary), which develops as a result of renal pathology.
Influence of crude oil pollution on the content and electrophoretic spectrum of proteins in Carex hirta plants at the initial stages of vegetative development
Authors: Bunіo L. V. , Tsvilynyuk O. M.
Published: November 2021

The role of proteins in the general adaptive response of Carex hirta plants to soil pollution by crude oil has been studied. It was established that a possible element of the process of adaptation of C. hirta plants to combined stress – conditions of soil polluted by crude oil – may be the synthesis of stress proteins – high molecular weight of more than 60 kD and low molecular weight, not exceeding 22–45 kD. The synthesis of all 5 HSP families was detected in the leaves and rhizomes, and only sHSP (starting from Mr 32 kD), Hsp 60 and Hsp 100 proteins were synthesized in the roots under the influence of crude oil pollution. The development of C. hirta adaptation syndrome under the influence of crude oil pollution of the soil was promoted by enhanced synthesis of proteins with Mr 85, 77, 64, 60 and 27 kD in the leaves, 118 and 41 kD in the rhizomes and proteins with Mr 105, 53, 50 and 43 kD in the roots of the plants. The decrease in the amount of proteins with Mr 91, 45, 28 kD in the leaves, proteins with Mr 85, 76 and 23 kD in rhizomes and proteins with Mr 64 and 39 in the roots of C. hirta plants under conditions of crude oil polluted soil could be a consequence of inhibition of synthesis or degradation of protein molecules providing the required level of low molecular weight protective compounds in cells. The root system and rhizomes of C. hirta plants undergo a greater crude oil load, which leads to increased protein synthesis in these organs and decreased in the leaves, correspondingly. However, a decrease in protein content in the leaves may indicate their outflow in the roots and rhizomes. Сrude oil contaminated soil as a polycomponent stressor accelerated the aging of leaves of C. hirta plants, which could be caused by increased synthesis of ABA. ABA in its turn induced the synthesis of leaf-specific protein with Mr 27 kD. These proteins bind significant amounts of water with their hydrate shells maintaining the high water holding capacity of the cytoplasm under drought conditions. ABA inhibits the mRNA synthesis and their corresponding proteins, which are characteristic under normal conditions, and induces the expression of genes and, consequently, the synthesis of specific proteins including 27 kD protein. By stimulating the expression of individual genes and the synthesis of new polypeptides, ABA promotes the formation of protective reactions and increases the resistance of plants to crude oil pollution.
Efficacy of acriflavin chloride and Melaleuca alternifolia extract against Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Pterophyllum scalare
Authors: Lavrinenko I. V. , Shulha L. V. , Peredera О. О. , Zhernosik I. A. , Peredera R. V.
Published: November 2021

The article describes cases of saprolegniosis in Pterophyllum scalare in private aquaristics and assesses the therapeutic efficacy of acriflafin chloride against Saprolegnia parasitica infection. To establish the diagnosis, the clinical signs present in sick fish, the results of mycological and microscopic examinations are taken into account. Some chemical and mycological indices of aquarium water have been studied, and also mycological studies of fish feed have been carried out. It is established that the disease of fish develops against the background of adverse changes in physical, chemical composition and microbiocenosis of aquarium water. Low water temperature, high levels of phosphates and pH, a significant level of organic pollution, compared to the norm, provoke the accumulation of opportunistic microbiota, resulting in imbalance in the parasite-host system and the development of clinical manifestations of saprolegniosis in fish. It was found that 44.4% of the studied feed samples fed to fish were contaminated with epiphytic micromycetes. Micromycetes are represented by the genera Aspergillus, Penicilium, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus. Among the studied feeds, the most affected by fungi were larvae of Chironomus plumosus and dry Daphnia pulex. According to the results of our studies during outbreaks of saprolegniosis, the pH of aquarium water was 8.1 ± 0.7, the content of phosphates – 5.6 ± 1.1 mg/L, micromycetes – 18.0 ± 1.2 CFU/100 cm3. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium canescens were detected in the studied water samples. With saprolegniosis, the angelfish have a reduced appetite, spots, ulcers, white thin threads, and a cotton-like plaque appear on certain areas of the skin, fins, eyes, and gills. It is established that effective means for the treatment of sick fish are external use in the form of a long bath of acriflavine chloride and extract of Melaleuca alternifolia. It is also effective to increase the water temperature to 25–27 °С, to ensure the normative fish-holding density in aquariums and to exclude from the diet fish feed contaminated with micromycetes. After using the drugs for two weeks every other day, water was replaced by 20% of the aquarium volume and aerated. As a result of the treatment, gradual healing of skin lesions and recovery of 65% of fish with signs of lesions of the outer coverings were registered. Thus, the article analyzes the causes of saprolegniosis in angelfish common in private aquariums, describes the clinical signs of the disease and assesses the therapeutic efficacy of acriflavine chloride and Melaleuca alternifolia extract against Saprolegnia parasitica infection. Prospects for further research lie in search of more effective and environmentally friendly means for the treatment of saprolegniosis in aquarium fish.
Immunological evaluation of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine depending on adjuvant composition
Authors: Chegrynets A. I. , Saliy О. О. , Sobko I. A. , Krasinko V. O.
Published: November 2021

Newcastle disease is a global problem that is being recorded in most countries and also a serious obstacle to exchange of genetic material of poultry in various countries of the world. Control of the Newcastle disease comprises correct injection of efficacious vaccines so as to decrease or eliminate the clinical disease. Our goal was to perform comparative studies of the vaccines against Newcastle disease of water in oil type, the adjuvant being mineral oil mixed with emulsifiers (Span-80 and Tween-80) and ready-to-use adjuvant system (Montanide ISA 70), and study the impact of composition of adjuvant constituent on physical-chemical and immunogenic properties of inactivated vaccines. To reproduce virus-containing material and carried out titration of the viruses, we used chicken embryos free of pathogenic microflora. Aqueous phase for the preparation of emulsion-based vaccines of water in oil type consisted of antigen to Newcastle disease of La-Sota strain, manufactured by Biotestlab Ltd, and phosphate-saline buffer. To evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine and induce immune response, we used 1-day old pathogen-free chickens, which were obtained from chicken embryos free of pathogenic microflora. As the positive control in the experiment, we used commercial vaccine. One-day chickens were divided into 3 groups (I, II, III) comprising 12 individuals each and one group (IV) consisting of 8 individuals as the control group with individual numeration. Chickens in groups I, II and III were divided into two subgroups (n = 8 and n = 4) to determine immunogenic efficiency and safety of the vaccine. Immunization was carried out through single subcutaneous injections in the region of the neck. To study immunogenic efficiency, the chickens were immunized with the dose of 0.1 mL (1 dose), and 0.2 mL (2 doses) to determine safety. After the immunization of 1-day old pathogen-free chickens with 0.1 mL dose, the obtained level of antibodies in the serum of vaccinated chickens on days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the vaccination indicated the ability of provoking the immune response to Newcastle disease at high level and safety of the vaccination for chickens. All the recipes of the examined series of the vaccines and the commercial vaccine produced appropriate level of viscosity according to the criterion equaling ≤ 200 mm2/s at Р <0.05, promoting fluidity of the vaccine and providing easier passage through the needle during the application. Both of the studied vaccines may be used in poultry farming for prophylaxis of Newcastle disease among chickens.
Induction of useful mutations in Triticum aestivum in the conditions of the radionuclide-contaminated alienation zone of the Chornobyl Power Plant
Authors: Yakymchuk R. А. , Valyuk V. F. , Sobolenko L. Y. , Sorokina S. І.
Published: November 2021

Induced mutagenesis opens great perspectives for radical genetic improvement of cultivated plants. Scientists seeking new sources and methodological approaches to improve the frequency and extend the range of mutations have drawn attention to the Zone of Alienation around the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, where unique conditions of the influence of mutagenic factors have developed, and therefore needs to be studied for possible use of its territory in propagating parent material for selective breeding of wheat. Plants of winter wheat of Albatros Odesky and Zymoiarka varieties were grown within 10 km of the Chernobyl Plant, inside the Alienation Zone, in Chystohalivka, Kopachi and Yaniv villages of Chornobyl district of Kyiv Oblast. The exposure occurred in the dose of 7.2 ∙ 10–12– 50.0 ∙ 10–12 A/kg. As the control, we used the territory of the Research Institute of Physiology of Plants and Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Hlevaha urbanized settlement of Vasylkivsky District of Kyiv Oblast), where the power of the exposure dose equaled 0.93 ∙ 10–12 A/kg. Frequency and spectrum of mutant forms were determined in M2–M3 generations according to the ratio of the number of families with mutagenic plants to studied M2 families. Among the observed mutations, we determined the share of the ones important for selective breeding. Chronic ionizing radiation throughout the vegetation period of winter wheat increased the level of noticeable mutations, the frequency of which exceeded the control parameters by 8.0–14.9 times. In the conditions of cultivation of winter wheat in the territory of Kopachi village, where the dose was the lowest, we recorded a high level of mutation variability which exceeded the control parameters by 8.0–9.2 times and was notably different from the frequency of mutations induced by radionuclide contamination of soil in the territories of Chystohalivka and Yaniv villages. The mutation range contained 12–20 types and depended on the density of soil contamination with radio nuclides, magnitude of exposure dose and genotype of plants. The predominant mutations were the ones related to the duration of vegetation period, length of the stem, morphology and awns of the ear. Among the detected mutations, the important selective ones accounted for 24.3–49.3%, predominant being low height, intense growth and long cylindrical ear. Because beneficial agronomic traits are highly likely to be inherited in complex with mutations that reduce the productivity of winter wheat, efficiency of direct selection of mutant forms that are valuable for selective breeding is limited. Enlargement of genetic diversity of the initial selection material using the radionuclide-induced mutagenesis resulting from contamination creates the possibility of using it in cross breeding for the purpose of implementing selective breeding genetic programs of improving wheat varieties.
Percepción de los usuarios sobre la calidad en el servicio que ofrece la Oficina de Recursos Humanos de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia
Authors: Herrera Espinoza Deyanira
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio es sobre la calidad del servicio que ofrece la Oficina de Recursos Humanos de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia. Se aplicaron instrumentos cuyos resultados indicaron que es un servicio "bueno" y "medianamente bueno", por lo que se expone una propuesta de tres fases  cuyos objetivos, entre otros son: Propuesta para el mejoramiento de la calidad de servicio al usuario e inducción al cambio, pautas para la elaboración de un plan estratégico, confección de los instrumentos, implementación de un plan piloto y evaluaciones periódicas para su autorregulación.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN OPEN-ENDED TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS BERDASARKAN RESILIENSI MATEMATIS SISWA MTS MUHAMMADIYAH 02 PEKANBARU
Authors: Ramadani Ramadani , Muhandaz Ramon
Published: November 2021

The ability to think creatively is needed by students in mathematics learning activities, because creativity raises ideas in solving mathematical problems, so that the expected learning objectives are achieved. In addition, the mathematical resilience factor is needed to make students more persistent, never give up, enjoy being challenged, so that students' perspective on mathematics is not something to be afraid of anymore. This study aims to determine the effect of an open-ended approach on the mathematical creative thinking ability based on the mathematical resilience of Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs). This type of research is an experimental design that uses a factorial design. The selected population has been subjected to a one-way ANOVA test with the results having an average similarity, so that the sample was taken using the Cluster Random technique with randomly selected samples, namely class VIII-1 which was selected as the experimental class and class VIII-2 was selected as the control class. The results showed: 1) there were differences in mathematical creative thinking skills between students learning with open-ended learning and students learning using conventional learning; 2) there are differences in mathematical creative thinking abilities between students who have high, medium and low mathematical resilience; 3) while for interaction there is no interaction between the open-ended learning approach and students' mathematical resilience to mathematical creative thinking abilities. So the results of this study can be used to improve mathematics learning in class.
KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA PADA MATERI BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR DITINJAU DARI SELF EFFICACY
Authors: Melawati Nur Asri , Nurdin Erdawati
Published: November 2021

Mathematical communication skills are one of the competencies that students must have in the 21st century.  This study aims to anylize and describe students’ mathematical communication skills in terms of self efficacy on the polyhedrons material. The research used descriptive qualitative methods. The subjects were 9 grade students of An nashichah private junior high school selected purposively.  Data was collected through online test, questionnaires and interviews using WhatsApp. The data analyzed through 3 stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed that the students’ mathematical communication skills were low. When viewed from students’ self efficacy, high self efficacy students have high mathematical communication. Meanwhile, low and moderate self efficacy students have low mathematical communication skills. The use of Whatsapp media is not able to support students mathematical communication skill and self efficacy. The tachers need to design learning media to help students improve their mathematical communication skills and self efiicacy.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Probing-Prompting Berbasis Etnomatematika Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Maure Osniman Paulina , Jenahut Kondradus Silvester
Published: November 2021

One of the reasons for the low student achievement in mathematics is that the mathematics learning process carried out by the teacher tends to be theoretical and less contextual. Mathematics learning needs to be linked to student culture so that there is no gap between mathematics in everyday life and at school. Thus, it is necessary to apply a mathematics learning model based on ethno-mathematics. This study aims to determine the effect of the ethnomatematic based probing-prompting learning model on students' mathematics learning achievement. This type of research is quantitative research with pre-experimental methods and one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this research is class VIII A SMPK St. Yoseph Naikoten Kupang, totaling 24 people. The pretest and posttest values as research data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22 program. Based on the results of data analysis, thitung (39,594)> ttabel (2,069)  with an error rate of 0.05, which means accept Ha or the ethnomatematic based probing-prompting learning model has an influence which is significant towards the mathematics learning achievement of students class VIII SMPK  St. Yoseph Naikoten Kupang.
Hasil Evaluasi Kelompok Kecil Bahan Ajar Mata Kuliah Statistika Matematika Berbasis Pemecahan Masalah Serta Bernuansa Islami
Authors: Utami Nita Putri , Kosim Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Tadris Mathematics is one of the study programs at UIN IB Padang with the vision "To produce character, professional and competitive mathematics education graduates in 2037". In order for this vision to be realized, of course there must be interesting interactions between lecturers and students in lectures. Meanwhile, the reality that occurs in lectures, there are still many students who are passive and result in many student scores that have not passed after taking the exam. One of the ways that a lecturer can do to overcome this problem is by developing Mathematical Statistics teaching materials based on problem solving and Islamic nuances. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the process and results of the development of Mathematics Statistics Subject Teaching Materials Based on Problem Solving and Practical Islamic Nuances in small group evaluations. This research is a development research with the Plomp development model using Tesmer's formative evaluation. Data collection techniques using practicality questionnaires from the teaching materials developed. From the results of the study, it was obtained a value of 79% with practical criteria that had been developed through a small group trial process.
Reflective Caring: Imaginative listening to pastoral experience by Bob Whorton
Authors: Stirling Ian
Published: November 2021

Reflective Caring: Imaginative listening to pastoral experience by Bob Whorton (2011), SPCK London. ISBN: 9780281064137
Moda i literatura w „Warszawianinie” i „Kurierze dla Płci Pięknej” na tle żurnali europejskich początku XIX wieku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Jędrzejewski Tomasz
Published: November 2021

The begin of third decade of 19-th century, usually associated with the increase in popularity of Romanticism, was also period of specific manifestation of symbiotic connection of literaturę and fashion. Awareness of existence of such correlation – symptomatic in the dimension of European esthetic transformations, concerned both the writers with their readers and press editors. The press of that type gives many examples of this phenomenon. The article presents the mutual relations of both concepts, manifested on the pages of Polish journals of `20. As shows the analysis of the material from two magazines published in that time: „Warszawianin” and „Kurier dla Płci Pięknej”, favouring the „fashionable” literature resulted in publication of texts with the high degree of presentism, (topicality) focused on reporting current social events. It was production released from burden of universal veracity and authenticity which were imposed by magazines of kind of journaux savantes. Focused on the outer beauty, its ephemeral forms, preceded – in some ways- the subsequent Baudelairean idea of fugitive beauté.
UFSC GRADUATE PROGRAM IN NURSING: 45 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF BRAZILIAN NURSING
Authors: Pires Denise Elvira Pires de , Padilha Maria Itayra , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Backes Vânia Marli Schubert , Bruggemann Odaléa Maria
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the contribution of the Graduate Program in Nursing at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina to the internationalization of Brazilian nursing. Method: this is a qualitative study of a social historical nature and with a political-documentary basis. The following were used as primary sources: 22 reports (from 1998 to 2020), available in the files of the aforementioned program and in the institutional website of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, in addition to the five National Graduate Plans; and the secondary source was the article about the 30 years of the Program. The data were analyzed following the thematic content analysis steps, with the aid of the ATLAS.ti® software, version 9.1.5.0. The findings related to the internationalization initiatives carried out within the scope of the Program were interpreted in relation to the macro-policies of Brazilian graduate education. Results: the three analytical categories: Ground zero - The first steps of the Program towards internationalization (1976-1997), Consolidation milestone - Strengthening internationalization strategies (1998-2006), and Excellence milestone - The visibility of internationalization (2007-2020), show the internal and external movements that involved the Program's internationalization process. Conclusion: the contribution of the Graduate Program to the internationalization of Brazilian nursing was based on the commitment of its faculty and students to the profession and its challenges, as well as on a critical perspective at the legal parameters established. The 45-year trajectory, guided by the constitutional bases of international relations, in an original and pioneering way, fostered the development of partnerships, academic advisory and international solidarity. This entire movement exerted a positive impact on the strengthening of the nursing and health science in the world.
Simulação na educação médica: processo de construção de pacientes padronizados para comunicação de más notícias
Authors: Quint Fernanda Cristine , Pereira Ana Leticia , Isquierdo Ana Paula Rosa , Miranda Giovana Ferreira de Freitas , Guirro Ursula Bueno do Prado
Published: November 2021

Resumo: Introdução: Comunicação de más notícias refere-se às informações médicas que rompem de maneira adversa e negativa as expectativas de um paciente. Trata-se de um momento delicado da relação médico-paciente. O role playing com pacientes padronizados (PP) é uma alternativa para o ensino da comunicação, porém é desafiador construir roteiros e cenários semelhantes com a realidade, especialmente quando não se dispõe de atores profissionais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a construção de PP a partir da experiência dos estudantes para o treinamento da comunicação com outros discentes de Medicina. Método: Estudantes de Medicina participaram voluntariamente da formação teatral e se dedicaram à construção de PP, com supervisão de docentes médicos e de atrizes, para oficinas de comunicação de más notícias. Para a construção dos PP, criaram-se diagnósticos médicos desfavoráveis, e estabeleceram-se os seguintes tópicos: perfil emocional, historicidade, instruções, progressões e possíveis desfechos, objetivos primário e secundário, e elementos facilitadores das cenas. Ensaiou-se exaustivamente para que os PP apresentassem a mesma reação em diferentes atitudes nas simulações. A participação nas oficinas foi aberta aos estudantes de Medicina interessados. Aferiu-se a qualidade das cenas pela sensação de realidade proporcionada aos participantes das oficinas. Resultado: Dez estudantes com idades entre 19 e 26 anos, de diferentes semestres, participaram do treinamento, do desenvolvimento de PP e das oficinas de simulação. Desenvolveram-se quatro cenas: Mariana recebeu diagnóstico de HIV e revelou violência sexual (60 cenas), Caroline e Marcelo receberam diagnóstico de câncer e necessidade de cirurgia (53 cenas), Thaís recebeu diagnóstico de insensibilidade androgênica e presença de gônadas masculinas (31 cenas), e Roger ou Rosana recebeu diagnóstico de retinose pigmentar e cegueira progressiva (22 cenas). Todos os PP proporcionaram sensação de realidade aos diferentes participantes das oficinas. Conclusão: Foi possível construir PP com estudantes de Medicina, apoiados por docentes, com a finalidade de participação em oficinas de comunicação de más notícias para outros discentes de Medicina que apontaram, em sua maioria, sensação de realidade com as cenas. Os estudantes atores se engajaram no processo e desenvolveram habilidades de comunicação e de empatia, características necessárias para a prática médica.
Prevalência do consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes de medicina no interior do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Siebra Sabrina Mércia dos Santos , Queiroz Tassio Danilo Rego de , Lucena Eudes Euler de Souza , Maia Allyssandra Maria Lima Rodrigues , Nogueira Junior Ubirajara Caldas Leonardo , Lima Álvaro Marcos Pereira
Published: November 2021

Resumo: Introdução: No contexto da formação em Medicina, muitos estudantes buscam alívio e equilíbrio emocional por meio do uso de substâncias psicoativas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre os acadêmicos de Medicina da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) com o intuito de contribuir para a formulação de atividades de prevenção. Método: A pesquisa possui corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. Aplicaram-se questionários padronizados entre outubro e dezembro de 2020 para discentes do primeiro ano e do internato. Analisaram-se variáveis de natureza categórica por meio de frequências e percentuais, e a relação entre essas variáveis foi realizada pelo teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. As associações e comparações, em relação aos períodos, foram consideradas significativas no caso de p-valor < 0,05. Resultado: A prevalência do uso de substâncias psicoativas na vida foi de 81,7% (n = 107). O consumo de tabaco e Cannabis foi significativamente maior em mulheres em relação aos homens: p = 0,019 e p = 0,05, respectivamente. Além disso, 48,4% dos discentes que têm insônia, 85,7% dos que relataram possuir dependência e 39% dos que acreditam que cursar Medicina é fator precipitante de consumo fazem uso de ansiolíticos, sedativos e hipnóticos: p = 0,025, p = 0,004 e p = 0,01, respectivamente. Conclusão: Observaram-se um elevado uso de substâncias psicoativas entre os estudantes de Medicina da UERN e a manutenção do perfil de uso ao longo dos períodos do curso com a presença de achados atípicos que divergiram de outros trabalhos, evidenciando a heterogeneidade das populações estudantis médicas, o que aponta para a necessidade de mais estudos para ampliação e análise dos resultados encontrados.
A análise do discurso diante da crise do coronavírus: algumas reflexões
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique
Published: November 2021

RESUMO A análise do discurso, assim como o conjunto das ciências humanas e sociais, é desafiada pela pandemia de covid-19, o que produz efeitos significativos sobre seus conceitos e práticas. Os estudos do discurso são, de fato, um campo de pesquisa inscrito na história, e seus pesquisadores não podem ignorar as transformações do mundo onde exercem sua atividade. Neste artigo, examino alguns pontos que me parecem interessantes dessa perspectiva: de início, a pertinência das noções de momento discursivo e de vulgarização para descrever a produção suscitada pela epidemia; a seguir, o papel crucial dos números em sua representação. Finalmente, meu interesse é o modo como as enunciações que se querem terapêuticas elaboram as crises para responder à crise sanitária.