bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alleviation of salt stress in winter wheat byPantoeaspp. endophytes isolated from spontaneous desert plants of the Sahara
Authors: Belaouni Hadj Ahmed , Bendaha Mohammed El Amine , Benattia Houcine , Medouh Maamer , Berini Khadra , Ahmed Said Ben , Zitouni Abdelghani
Published: April 2022

To develop bio-fertilizers for salt stress mitigation in winter wheat, 5Pantoeaspp. strains isolated from spontaneous plants of the Algerian Sahara were selected and identified based on the 16S rRNA gene, and distinguished at “strain” level by the IGS sequences. A plant test (greenhouse condition, non-sterile substrate) showed their effectiveness in promoting the growth of winter wheatcv. Gold Korn, under normal and saline conditions. An improvement of shoot length (no stress: up to +37.34% forPantoeasp. BS27; salt stress at 200 mM: up to +32.95% forPantoeasp. BS27) and dry weight (no stress: up to +23.89% forPantoeasp. OT18; salt stress at 100 mM: up to +56.42 % forPantoeasp. ME3; salt stress at 200 mM: up to 39.18% forPantoeasp. OT18) was recorded. We suggest thePantoeaspp. strains ME3, OT37, and OT18 as promising inocula for yield improvement in salt-impacted soils.
Munc13 and SNAP25 dependent tethering plays a key role in synaptic vesicle priming
Authors: Papantoniou Christos , Laugks Ulrike , Betzin Julia , Capitanio Cristina , Javier Ferrero José , Sánchez-Prieto José , Schoch Susanne , Brose Nils , Baumeister Wolfgang , Cooper Benjamin H. , Imig Cordelia , Lučić Vladan
Published: April 2022

Synaptic vesicle tethering, priming, and neurotransmitter release require a coordinated action of multiple protein complexes. While physiological experiments, interaction data, and structural studies of purified systems were essential for our understanding of the function of the individual complexes involved, they cannot combine high structural detail with the unperturbed organization of complexes within cells to resolve how the actions of individual complexes integrate. We employed cryo-electron tomography to simultaneously image multiple presynaptic protein complexes and lipids at molecular resolution in their native composition, conformation and environment. Our results argue that tethers comprising proteins Munc13 and SNAP25 differentially and spatially confine vesicles with single nanometer precision, define vesicle tethering states, and provide molecular mechanisms that guide vesicles towards fusion, which includes molecular priming by conversion to SNARE complex-dependent tethers. These findings present an example of a cellular function performed by an extended molecular assembly comprising multiple, molecularly diverse complexes.
Predicting the creep behavior of concrete at high temperature using the variable-order fractional model
Authors: Meng Ruifan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Creep behavior of concrete at high temperature has become a major concern in building structures, such as factories, bridges, tunnels, airports and nuclear buildings. Therefore, a simple and accurate prediction model for the high-temperature creep behavior of concrete is crucial in engineering applications.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the variable-order fractional operator is introduced to capture the high-temperature creep behavior of concrete. By assuming that the variable-order function is a linear function with time, the proposed model benefits from the advantages of both formal simplicity and the physical significance for macroscopic intermediate materials. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated by data fitting with existing experimental results of high-temperature creep of two representative concretes.

Findings

The results show that the proposed model fits well with the experimental data, and the value of order is increasing with the increase of the applied stress levels, which meets the fact that higher stress can accelerate the rate of creep. Furthermore, the relationship between the model parameters and loading conditions is deeply analyzed. It is found that the material coefficients are constant at a constant temperature, while the order function parameters are determined by the applied stress levels. Finally, the variable-order fractional model can be further written into a general equation of time and applied stress.

Originality/value

This paper provides a simple and practical variable-order fractional model for predicting the creep behavior of concrete at high temperature.
Sentiment lexicon construction for Chinese book reviews based on ultrashort reviews
Authors: Zha Mengjuan , Hu Changping , Shi Yu
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Sentiment lexicon is an essential resource for sentiment analysis of user reviews. By far, there is still a lack of domain sentiment lexicon with large scale and high accuracy for Chinese book reviews. This paper aims to construct a large-scale sentiment lexicon based on the ultrashort reviews of Chinese books.

Design/methodology/approach

First, large-scale ultrashort reviews of Chinese books, whose length is no more than six Chinese characters, are collected and preprocessed as candidate sentiment words. Second, non-sentiment words are filtered out through certain rules, such as part of speech rules, context rules, feature word rules and user behaviour rules. Third, the relative frequency is used to select and judge the polarity of sentiment words. Finally, the performance of the sentiment lexicon is evaluated through experiments.

Findings

This paper proposes a method of sentiment lexicon construction based on ultrashort reviews and successfully builds one for Chinese books with nearly 40,000 words based on the Douban book.

Originality/value

Compared with the idea of constructing a sentiment lexicon based on a small number of reviews, the proposed method can give full play to the advantages of data scale to build a corpus. Moreover, different from the computer segmentation method, this method helps to avoid the problems caused by immature segmentation technology and an imperfect N-gram language model.
Inorganic additive-incorporated composites with infrared radiation performance for thermal management
Authors: Wu Yingsi , Thum Kai Yang , Yong Hui Ting , Gora Aleksander , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong , Lipik Vitali
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Personal thermal management in functional textiles is in increasing demand for health care, outdoor activity and energy saving. Thus, developing new strategies is highly desired for radiative cooling and/or heating by manipulation of the transmissivity, reflectivity and absorptivity of the textiles within solar energy and human body heat radiation ranges.

Design/methodology/approach

Inorganic additives including TiO2, Fe2O3, carbon black (CB), graphene and mica were incorporated into polymer films. The inorganic additives' full spectrum properties and thermal responses were comprehensively investigated.

Findings

The CB composite film showed the highest absorptivity over the full solar to human body radiation spectrum. The mica-white (mica-w) (mica coated with TiO2) and mica-red (mica-r) (mica coated with Fe2O3) composites showed the lowest solar energy absorptivity and a strong body heat radiation reflectivity. Furthermore, according to composites' thermal responses to the simulated solar and human body radiations, CB and mica are promising for both cooling and heating when applied in dual-functional thermal management textiles.

Research limitations/implications

Research has limitation related the amount of additives which can be added to textile. When powder is added to polyester yarn, the amount is limited by 2–3%. When powder is added to the composite which is used for printing, the amount of powder is limited by 5%.

Practical implications

A lot of apparel, especially sport apparel, contains prints. Decoration is one part of print application. Now, a lot of companies work under development of different additives, which provide additional properties to apparel. The closest targets for powder added to prints are cooling and heat retention. Quite often, inorganic additives possess dual properties: the inorganic additives may be heat reflective which his needed for heat retention, but may have high-thermal conductivity, which works well for cooling. Human body has complicated mechanism of heat exchange: convection, radiation and moisture evaporations play main role. The same additive may be cooling if there is a contact with skin but may be heating (IR reflective) if placed in the second or third layer. Thus, effect is needed to be studied first before real application.

Originality/value

This work could provide a comprehensive guideline for the rational design and application of thermal management composite textile materials by revealing the full solar to human body radiation performance of a series of inorganic materials.
Social problem scale, public investment and social entrepreneurship action
Authors: Kimmitt Jonathan , Mandakovic Vesna , Muñoz Pablo
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Social entrepreneurs engage in action because social entrepreneurs want to solve social problems. Consequently, to see more social entrepreneurship in contexts with the most severe social problems is expected. This paper argues that this is an oversimplification of the problem-action nexus in social entrepreneurship and that action does not necessarily correspond to the observed scale of social problems. Drawing on the theoretical framing of crescive conditions, this relationship is affected by forms of public investment as institutions that distinctively promote engagement and public interest amongst social entrepreneurs. Thus, this paper assesses the relationship between varying levels of social problems and social entrepreneurship action (SEA) and how and to what extent public investment types – as more and less locally anchored crescive conditions – affect this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses are tested with a series of random-effects regression models. The data stem from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's (GEM) 2015 social entrepreneurship survey and Chile's 2015 National Socioeconomic Characterisation Survey (CASEN). The authors combined both data sets and cross-matched individual-level data (action and investment) with commune-level data (social problem scale) resulting in unique contextualised observations for 1,124 social entrepreneurs.

Findings

Contrary to current understanding, this study finds that SEA is positively associated with low-social problem scale. This means that high levels of deprivation do not immediately lead to action. The study also finds that locally anchored forms of investment positively moderate this relationship, stimulating action in the most deprived contexts. On the contrary, centralised public investment leads to increased social entrepreneurial action in wealthier communities where it is arguably less needed.

Originality/value

The findings contribute to the literature on SEA in deprived contexts, social and public investment as well as policy-level discussion and broader issues of entrepreneurship and social problems.
Perspectives of Syrian refugees on antibiotic use and prescribing in Dutch primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Alkirawan Rima , Kawous Ramin , Bloemen Evert , van den Muijsenbergh Maria , Goosen Simone , Suurmond Jeanine , de Boer Fijgje
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study is oriented towards getting insight into the perspectives, knowledge and practices among Syrian refugees regarding antibiotic use and prescribing in Dutch primary care.

Design/methodology/approach

A thematic qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured interviews with 12 Syrian refugees living in the Netherlands. Data analysis consisted of three steps and was oriented towards the development of themes.

Findings

Participants were confronted with restricted access to antibiotics in the Netherlands which was contrary to their experiences in Syria. Some of them continued to self-prescribe antibiotics, while others adhered to the Dutch General Practitioner (GP)’s advice. Especially mothers with young children took up the Dutch GP’s advice. Syrian refugees expressed health beliefs about the healing effects of antibiotics which are related to their past experiences of use and which influenced their current use. Respondents complained about the Dutch health-care system and expressed a preference for the one in Syria.

Research limitations/implications

Syrian refugees vary in their way of dealing with restricted access to antibiotics in Dutch primary care. More in-depth knowledge is required to improve refugee patient–doctor communication about antibiotic use.

Practical implications

The message that antibiotics are not needed may be challenging. Additional communication seems to be necessary to persuade Syrian refugees from self-prescribing antibiotics. Therefore, identifying refugee patient concerns and carefully counseling and communicating it with them is substantial. Developing educational toolkits consisting of various experiences of antibiotic use and ways of dealing with it can equip doctors to more adequately react to migrants’ needs for care.

Social implications

Primary care professionals seem insufficiently equipped to tackle issues related to antibiotic use amongst newly arrived migrants. Therefore, it is important to support professionals in their communication with this patient group about the proper use of antibiotics.

Originality/value

This study shows that more in-depth knowledge is needed about the strategies of newly arrived migrants and their complex reactions to treatment prescriptions with which they are not familiar.
A trust-enhanced consensus reaching model based on interaction among decision-makers with incomplete preferences
Authors: Jian Xinglian , Cai Mei , Wang Ya , Gao Yu
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The development of social networks enhances the interaction between people, which brings new challenges to the research of group decision-making (GDM). This study aims at the problem that the synergy and redundancy due to interaction among decision-makers are ignored in the previous GDM, a trust-enhanced consensus reaching model based on interaction among decision-makers with incomplete preferences is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, confidence level is introduced to improve the hesitation phenomenon that should be considered when calculating trust degree; Secondly, a new trust propagation operator is developed to deal with indirect trust relationships; Thirdly, trust degree is transformed into interaction index to quantify the synergy and redundancy in decision-making. Fuzzy capacities of decision-makers are used to replace traditional weights, and the final scores of alternatives are obtained through Choquet integral.

Findings

The proposed model using fuzzy capacity can reflect the synergy or redundancy among decision-makers and improve the accuracy of final ranking result and reduce the loss of information.

Originality/value

This study proposes a trust-enhanced consensus reaching model, which develops a new trust propagation operator to ensure the continuous attenuation of trust in propagation process. And the proposed model uses fuzzy capacity to improve the enhancement or attenuation on the scores of alternatives.
Stakeholder power play: Delta Airlines, voter rights and Georgia Senate Bill 202
Authors: Raible Stephanie , Adeyinka Olugbenga , Holtzen Sarah , Douglas Megan
Published: April 2022

Theoretical basis

This case addresses stakeholder theory by asking students to consider the various entities that have a vested interest in Delta’s response to the passage of the Senate Bill (SB) 202. Stakeholder theory holds that businesses are responsible to broader constituents in society and not only to stockholders/shareholders or owners. This perspective suggests that businesses do not exist to maximize profit alone but also to enhance society in their day-to-day decisions. To this end, stakeholders are defined as entities that affect or are affected by an organization’s decisions. Stakeholder theory is based on three arguments: descriptive, instrumental and normative arguments.

Research methodology

The information presented in the case was sourced from secondary sources, including both company and media publications. Several media sources from a breadth of political orientations were used to capture the complexity of the issue and the decision at hand. The case development and premise started at the Eastern Academy of Management 2021 Annual Conference Case Hackathon. The case was piloted by eight students (seven undergraduates, one graduate student) in two different courses at two institutions. The student feedback helped to highlight where clarifications were needed within the case and resulted in modifications to the exhibits, appendices and discussion questions.

Case overview/synopsis

On March 26, 2021, the media was buzzing about the passage of the Georgia SB 202, which included voting regulations perceived to negatively target black voters. As the head of the state’s largest employer, Delta Airlines’ Chief Executive Officer Edward Bastian found himself at the center of a heated political issue. While Delta had initially shown support for the bill, the rise in opposing voices and pressure to boycott Delta presented increasing pressure to think about its various stakeholders and potentially reevaluate the company’s handling of the situation. Should Bastiasn stay consistent with Delta’s initial support of SB 202, speak out to oppose it or remain silent?

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate students within business ethics or business in society courses are the best audiences for the case. The case may also be used in courses that have a portion of their content on business ethics or business in society; these related courses with subsections, modules or themes in this area may include corporate strategy, social responsibility and political activism.
Gramicidin A is hydrolyzed by a d‐stereospecific peptidase produced by Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Kaman Wendy E. , Nazmi Kamran , Voskamp‐Visser A. Ingrid , Bikker Floris J.
Published: April 2022

Previously we described the discovery of a Bacillus spp. specific peptidase activity related to d‐stereospecific peptidases (DSPs). The peptidase showed a strong preference for d‐leucine and d‐valine amino acids. These amino acids are present in the structure of the non‐ribosomal peptide (NRP) antibiotics gramicidin A, B and C and polymyxin E. To examine if the Bacillus spp. DSP‐related peptidase can hydrolyze these NRPs, the effect of gramicidin A and C and polymyxin E on peptidase activity in Bacillus anthracis culture supernatant was monitored. It was found that both gramicidins inhibited the DSP‐related activity in a competitive manner. MALDI‐TOF analysis revealed that upon incubation with B. anthracis culture supernatant gramicidin A hydrolyzation products appeared. This study shows that the Bacillus spp. specific DSP‐like peptidase was potentially produced by the bacteria to gain intrinsic resistance against NRP antibiotics. These results are of utmost importance in research towards antimicrobial resistance, whereas transfer of DSP‐related activity to other clinically relevant pathogens can be a serious threat to human health.
Delivery anatomy kits help to keep practical veterinary classes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Machado Luciana Cristina , Santos Sarah Ingrid P. , Mariano Clesio Gomes , Coutinho Meline de Paula , Guaraná Julia Belotto , Fantinato‐Neto Paulo , Ambrósio Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2022

To address the restrictions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic and to search for assistive learning tools for the subject of Animal Anatomy II and Applied Anatomy, 123 anatomical kits were prepared at the Animal Anatomy Laboratory for students of the Veterinary Medicine course at the University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA/USP) in Pirassununga city, São Paulo, Brazil. The kits contained anatomical pieces for teaching splanchnology and topographic anatomy (two different classes), and they were elaborated based on effective preservation techniques for the preparation of animal anatomical pieces. At the end of each course, we sent an online questionnaire to the students for evaluation of the methodology used. Alternative methods were used to minimize the odour and non‐generation of chemical or microbiological contaminants. The acceptance of the kits was unanimous with adherence by all the students, who had the opportunity to experience the Anatomy class in its entirety, without leaving their homes.
Boundaries of Solidarity: Immigrants, Economic Contributions, and Welfare Attitudes
Authors: Magni Gabriele
Published: April 2022

In the politics of welfare, citizens often prioritize natives over immigrants. What conditions reduce welfare discrimination against immigrants? Original survey experiments from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy reveal that the divide between natives and immigrants remains the fundamental cleavage in the politics of welfare. All immigrants face welfare penalties, including immigrants from Western countries. Even young, progressive, highly educated, and economically secure native citizens strongly penalize immigrants. Although immigrants never fully overcome identity barriers, the welfare support gap between natives and immigrants decreases when immigrants have a long work history. A history of employment provides evidence of reciprocity through past contributions and signals immigrants’ commitment to the community. Other immigrants’ characteristics, such as higher education and proactive work attitude, fail to decrease the gap. This article contributes to the study of solidarity in diverse societies and the impact of immigration on the welfare state.
Contributions of Andrée Tixier‐Vidal (1923–2021) to modern cell biology
Authors: Tougard Claude , Galli Thierry , Goud Bruno
Published: April 2022

This article illustrates the main stages of the scientific career of Dr Andrée Tixier–Vidal, a pioneer in cell biology research in France. She made important discoveries in the field of hormone secretion and neuronal morphogenesis. She played a key role in developing pituitary and neuronal cultures and using electron microscopy to study cellular structures. Her scientific influence continues to irradiate through her students and collaborators.
Cooperative breeding in Neolamprologus bifasciatus, a cichlid fish inhabiting the deep reefs of Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Satoh Shun , Saeki Taiga , Kohda Masanori , Awata Satoshi
Published: April 2022

Cooperative breeding, a social system in which offspring receive care from other group members as well as their parents, occurs in insects, fish, birds and mammals. In this study, we report a new example of cooperative breeding in the cichlid fish (Neolamprologus bifasciatus). This species, endemic to Lake Tanganyika, Africa, inhabits rocky areas at depths below 30 m. Observations of eight nests using underwater video cameras showed that one to six subordinates were present in the nests of breeding pairs. The subordinates shared shelters with juveniles and breeders and engaged in brood/territorial defence and nest maintenance (removing sand from the nest), albeit at a lower frequency than female breeders. The frequency of sand digging by subordinates and female breeders decreased as the number of subordinates in the group increased, suggesting that subordinates reduce the costs of nest maintenance for breeders. The male breeders seldom showed territorial defence and nest maintenance. Subordinates exhibited submissive behaviours towards dominant breeders and larger subordinates within their breeding group, indicating a dominance hierarchy among group members. Gonad examination revealed that the subordinates of both sexes were sexually immature, suggesting that they may not participate in reproduction. An aquarium experiment showed that juveniles become subordinates in their natal nest and participate in territory defence. We conclude that N. bifasciatus is a cooperative breeder, with social systems and subordinate roles similar to those observed in other cooperatively breeding cichlids.
A retrospective observational research study to describe the real‐world use of bosutinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
Authors: Claudiani Simone , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Byrne Jenny , Smith Graeme , Blijlevens Nicole , Raghavan Manoj , Smith Matthew , Clark Richard E. , Mclain‐Smith Susan , Carter Angela M. , Milojkovic Dragana , Apperley Jane F.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To describe the real‐world effectiveness and safety of bosutinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods

This was a multi‐center, retrospective, non‐interventional chart review study conducted in 10 hospitals in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

Results

Eighty‐seven patients were included. Bosutinib was the third‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in 33 (38%) and fourth‐line in 44 (51%) patients. Median treatment duration was 15.6 months. Among 84 patients in chronic phase (CP) at baseline, 26 (31%) switched to bosutinib due to resistance and 57 (68%) due to intolerance to prior TKIs. Cumulative complete cytogenetic and major molecular response rates in CP patients were 67% and 55%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 21.5 months, nine (11%) patients in CP died; estimated overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years postbosutinib initiation were 95% and 91%, respectively. Overall, 33/87 (38%) patients discontinued bosutinib due to either lack of efficacy/disease progression (17%), adverse events (14%), death (2%), or other reasons (5%). Eighty‐two (94%) patients experienced ≥1 adverse event possibly related to bosutinib, most commonly diarrhea (52%).

Conclusions

Bosutinib used in routine clinical practice in heavily pretreated patients with CML is an effective treatment for patients in CP and is generally tolerable.
Characteristics of HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis recipients at six English sexual health clinics during COVID‐19
Authors: Whitlock Gary G. , Ahmed Nadia , Nori Achyuta , Richardson Daniel , Clarke Emily , Browne Rita , Doctor Jessica , Williams Andy , Parkhouse Andrew , Clouser Olivia , Thornhill John
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Disruption to sexual health services during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19]) pandemic may have adversely affected the provision of HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP), possibly leading to increased HIV transmission. Globally, services have reported a reduction in the number of PEP prescriptions dispensed during lockdowns, although it is unclear why. Our primary objective was to describe the temporal change in weekly HIV PEP dispensed at six English sexual health clinics in 2020.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional review of PEP prescriptions from six English centres during 2020.

Results

During 2020, 2884 PEP prescriptions were dispensed across the six centres studied, a fall of 34.5% from the 4403 PEP prescriptions in 2019. Before the COVID‐related lockdown in 2020, the PEP dispensed was stable at 82.5 per week. Following the first lockdown, this fell to a nadir of 13 in week 14 (Figure 1). Prescriptions rose to a peak of 79 in week 37 and then declined to 32 prescriptions in the last week of 2020. There was no difference in the following characteristics of PEP recipients before and during the first lockdown: age, ethnicity, country of birth or the service the recipient attended.

Conclusion

Whatever the reason for the fall in PEP seen in England over 2020, it is essential that HIV testing and access to HIV prevention is maintained for those in need.
Superhard single‐phase (Ti,Cr)B2 ceramics
Authors: Feng Lun , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Silvestroni Laura
Published: April 2022

A nominally pure and dense (Ti0.9Cr0.1)B2 ceramic was produced by spark plasma sintering of powders synthesized by boro/carbothermal reduction of oxides. The synthesized powders were a single phase and had an average particle of 0.4 ± 0.1 μm and an oxygen content of 1.2 wt%. Average Vickers hardness values of the resulting ceramics increased from 25.9 ± 0.8 GPa at a load of 9.81 N, to 46.3 ± 0.8 GPa at a load of 0.49 N. Compared to the nominally pure TiB2 ceramic obtained under the same processing conditions, the (Ti0.9Cr0.1)B2 ceramic had higher values under the same load due to the finer average grain size (2.4 ± 1.0 μm), higher relative density, and solid solution hardening. The results indicated that the Cr addition promoted densification, suppressed grain growth, and improved the hardness of TiB2 ceramics. This is the first report for dense and single‐phase (Ti,Cr)B2 ceramics as superhard materials.
Personalized refutation texts best stimulate teachers' conceptual change about multimedia learning
Authors: Dersch Anna‐Sophia , Renkl Alexander , Eitel Alexander
Published: April 2022

Background

Previous research has shown that teachers hold misconceptions about multimedia learning (e.g., multimedia instruction needs to be adapted to students' learning styles), which may be at odds with evidence‐based teaching.

Objectives

Refutation texts are a classical method to reduce misconceptions and thus to stimulate conceptual change. We wanted to know whether making use of a computer algorithm to personalize refutation texts would best initiate teachers' conceptual change.

Methods

We designed an online experiment, in whichN= 129 in‐service teachers read either (1) expository texts (without direct refutation), (2) common refutation texts, or (3) personalized refutation texts. The teachers filled in a misconception questionnaire pre and post to assess their conceptual change.

Results and Conclusions

Statistical analyses revealed that personalized refutation texts initiated the strongest conceptual change, which was driven by increased feelings of guilt and shame. Common refutation texts did not foster teachers' conceptual change as compared to expository texts. These findings indicate that refutation texts should be personalized for experienced practitioners such as teachers.

Takeaways

Personalized refutation seems to be promising in the context of online teacher training programs. Further research should test to which extent the present findings also apply to other groups of experienced learners or practitioners.
Treatment for temporomandibular disorders in South Korea: A 9‐year trend using cluster analysis
Authors: Jung Sung Yub , Kim Eun‐San , Kim Koh‐Woon , Cho Jae‐Heung , Lee Yoon Jae , Ha In‐Hyuk
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite the availability of clinical practice guidelines for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), research evidence on current clinical practice trends is scarce.

Objective

This study aimed to analyse the TMD treatment trends and patterns according to patient characteristics in Korea over a 9‐year period.

Methods

The 2010–2018 Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patient Sample data were used. A total of 109 969 patients diagnosed with TMD as the principal diagnosis at least once in each year were included in the study. The types of visits and treatments were analysed by year. K‐medoids clustering was then performed to analyse the treatment patterns according to patient characteristics.

Results

The most commonly used drugs for pharmacological treatment were non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and relaxants. The prescription of opioids, anxiolytics and antidepressants was reduced. Among non‐pharmacological treatments, physiotherapy was the most utilised, and its use increased over the years. Cluster analysis showed that treatment patterns generally differed between sexes; the rate of outpatient visits and the use of NSAIDs, relaxants and physiotherapy were higher among female patients.

Conclusions

This study showed that TMD treatment prescriptions changed from 2010 to 2018 and found notable trends in NSAIDs, relaxants, opioids, anxiolytics, antidepressants and physiotherapy. Moreover, the treatment patterns differed between the sexes. These findings indicate that the prescriptions for TMD treatment changed over the years; these results may be useful in the development of future clinical guidelines and should be reflected in future guidelines.
Daily Discrimination and Affect in Latinx Adolescent‐Parent Dyads Residing in Northeast United States
Authors: Bámaca Mayra Y. , Martinez Griselda , Schroeder Kingsley M. , Lobo Frances M. , Witherspoon Dawn P.
Published: April 2022

In this 14‐day study, we tested whether Latinx adolescents’ (Mage = 12.76 years, 52% female; 52% U.S. born; N = 21) and parents’ (95% female; 24% U.S. born) daily discrimination experiences were associated with their own and other’s daily affective states. Results indicated that on days when adolescents reported discrimination, they reported higher negative affect and marginally lower positive affect and, interestingly, parents reported higher positive affect. On average (i.e., across the 2‐week period), adolescents’ discrimination was associated with higher adolescent negative affect and lower parent positive affect. Together, findings suggest that Latinx adolescents’ discrimination experiences are linked to their own affective states and their parents’. Results underscore how discrimination is linked to the affective states present in family contexts.
The double dividend of relative auditing—Theory and experiments on corporate tax enforcement
Authors: Bayer Ralph‐C.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present and extend previous theoretical results that show that tax authorities can at the same time reduce tax evasion and boost output with clever audit behavior. We argue that randomized controlled trials or field experiments are impractical for empirical testing in this context. Instead, we turn to laboratory experiments and test if humans follow the theoretical mechanisms underlying the theory. We find that both dividends, less evasion, and higher output, materialize in the laboratory. We show in additional experiments that the behavioral mechanism generating the higher output differs from the theoretical driver.
Circ_0001971 makes progress of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR‐107/FZD4 axis
Authors: Lu Xiaopeng , Xie Hongguo
Published: April 2022

Background

Accumulating articles have suggested the important regulatory roles of circular RNAs in human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the role of circ_0001971 in OSCC progression remains to be determined.

Methods

3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays were conducted to analyze cell proliferation ability. Cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed by transwell assays. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the target relation between miR‐107 and circ_0001971 or FZD4. Xenograft tumor model was established to analyze the biological role of circ_0001971 in regulating tumor growth in vivo.

Results

Circ_0001971 was markedly up‐regulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0001971 knockdown inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. miR‐107 was confirmed as a direct target of circ_0001971, and circ_0001971 depletion‐mediated anti‐tumor effects in OSCC cells could be largely alleviated by silencing miR‐107. miR‐107 directly targeted the 3’ untranslated region of FZD4, and FZD4 overexpression largely reversed the anti‐tumor effects of circ_0001971 in OSCC cells. Circ_0001971 could positively regulate FZD4 expression by targeting miR‐107 in OSCC cells.

Conclusion

Circ_0001971 promoted the proliferation, migration, and glycolysis of OSCC cells through mediating miR‐107/FZD4 axis. Circ_0001971 might be a new effective target for OSCC treatment in future.
Overeducation and skill mismatch of university graduates in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Yih‐chyi , Liang Chia‐Yu
Published: April 2022

Overeducation and skill mismatch have become crucial issues in the modern labor market. Taiwan's rapid structural transformation under industrialization since 1980 followed by the policy of expanding higher education after 1990 provides an excellent scenario for investigating the issues of overeducation and skill mismatch. Utilizing data from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) and its follow‐up survey (TEPS‐B), this paper develops an empirical strategy to test the effect of overeducation and skill mismatch on wage and job satisfaction for university graduates. As in the literature, Taiwan shows significant wage loss for both overeducation and skill mismatch and the wage penalty is higher for overeducation than for skill mismatch. Results from wage performance and job satisfaction estimations suggest both overeducation and job mismatch caused efficiency loss; however, the high wage loss and lower job dissatisfaction for overeducation imply overeducation may arise because of self‐selection under individual heterogeneity, which is not purely an efficiency loss. Therefore, the policy goal should properly focus on mitigating skill mismatch rather than overeducation.
Cryopreservation of rare pediatric red blood cells for support following bone marrow transplant
Authors: Kelly Kathleen , Helander Louise , Hazegh Kelsey , Stanley Crystal , Moss Raymond , Mack Samantha , Sanders Mary L. , Gurley Janice , McKinney Chris , Dumont Larry J. , Annen Kyle
Published: April 2022

Background

A 2‐year‐old, 10.8 kg male pediatric patient with X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) with McLeod syndrome (MLS) was scheduled for a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Identification of allogenic red blood cells (RBC) for post‐transplant support was unsuccessful prompting the development of a customized method to collect and freeze rare autologous pediatric cells.

Study Design and Methods

A protocol was developed for the collection of small volume pediatric whole blood (WB) via peripheral venipuncture with collection into 10 ml syringes containing anticoagulants. Additionally, a closed system RBC glycerolization and deglycerolization instrument was adapted to process small volume, non‐leukoreduced WB. Both collection and WB processes were validated. In total 4 approximately 100 ml autologous units were collected and frozen. Two units were thawed, deglycerolized, and used for clinical transfusion support. To appreciate processing impacts on RBC rigidity, ektacytometry was performed on pre‐processed and post‐deglycerolization samples.

Results

Free hemoglobin (HGB) of validation units after thawing/deglycerolization was <150 mg/dL with an average red cell recovery of 85%. These units also showed little difference between pre‐and post‐processing Lorrca deformability curves or membrane rigidity. Two pediatric units were thawed and deglycerolized for transfusion. Free HGB was 70 mg/dL and 50 mg/dL post‐thaw, and these RBCs had a slight decrease in deformability and increased membrane rigidity.

Discussion

Customized WB collection, glycerolization, freezing, and deglycerolization processes were developed to successfully support a pediatric patient with CGD and MLS after autologous HSCT. Both pediatric units showed increased membrane rigidity post‐deglycerolization which may be a consequence of the CGD and MLS genetic background.
Political Will-ACT Index: Measuring the Readiness of Countries to Cross Development Greyline
Authors: Massoud Ali
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to present a new index, the Political Will-ACT Index. The proposed index provides a measure for the readiness of low & middle income countries to cross development greyline. A line if a country cross mange to cross, it achieves sustainable development. The concept of Political Will-ACT merges political will with three other dimensions: ability, commitment, and tolerance.The paper concludes that for countries to achieve sustainable economic development, they have to fulfill four conditions: (1) Their political leaders should have clear vision for achieving sustainable development. (2) Their governments must be committed to their reform agendas & programs. (3) The ability of the government to mobilize enough resources needed for implementing reform agendas. (4) Countries must tolerate the economic agents during excuting reform programs & policies.
The spectral p-adic Jacquet–Langlands correspondence and a question of Serre
Authors: Howe Sean
Published: April 2022

We show that the completed Hecke algebra of $p$-adic modular forms is isomorphic to the completed Hecke algebra of continuous $p$-adic automorphic forms for the units of the quaternion algebra ramified at $p$ and $\infty$. This gives an affirmative answer to a question posed by Serre in a 1987 letter to Tate. The proof is geometric, and lifts a mod $p$ argument due to Serre: we evaluate modular forms by identifying a quaternionic double-coset with a fiber of the Hodge–Tate period map, and extend functions off of the double-coset using fake Hasse invariants. In particular, this gives a new proof, independent of the classical Jacquet–Langlands correspondence, that Galois representations can be attached to classical and $p$-adic quaternionic eigenforms.
Persistence of Virus-Specific Antibody after Depletion of Memory B Cells
Authors: Langley William A. , Wieland Andreas , Ahmed Hasan , Rasheed Mohammed Ata ur , Davis Carl W. , Sewatanon Jaturong , Mueller Scott N. , Shlomchik Mark J. , Zarnitsyna Veronika I. , Antia Rustom , Ahmed Rafi
Published: April 2022

Following vaccination or primary virus infection, virus-specific antibodies provide the first line of defense against reinfection. Plasma cells residing in the bone marrow constitutively secrete antibodies, are long-lived, and can thus maintain serum antibody levels over extended periods of time in the absence of antigen.
Temporal Transcriptional Responses of a Vibrio alginolyticus Strain to
Podoviridae
Phage HH109 Revealed by RNA-Seq
Authors: Li Xixi , Zhang Ce , Jin Xingkun , Wei Fucheng , Yu Fei , Call Douglas R. , Zhao Zhe
Published: April 2022

Vibrio alginolyticus
is a common opportunistic pathogen that causes mass mortality in cultured marine animals. Phage HH109 lyses pathogenic
V. alginolyticus
strain E110 with high efficiency and thus serves as a useful model to understand the dynamic interplay of a phage and its host.
Contrasting mechanisms and timescales of subduction and exhumation as recorded by Paleoproterozoic and late Paleozoic high-pressure granulites in the North China Craton
Authors: Li Shan-Shan , Palin Richard M. , Santosh M.
Published: April 2022

The North China Craton records multiple metamorphic events related to supercontinent assembly during the Paleoproterozoic, forming Columbia, and again during the late Paleozoic, forming Pangea. Here we show that the Paleoproterozoic high-pressure granulites (HPGs) formed from enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt protoliths and record a clockwise pressure-temperature-time (P–T–t) path with prograde metamorphism at 7.8–10.0 kbar and 780–820 °C, peak granulite-facies metamorphism at 12–12.3 kbar and ∼860–880 °C, and retrograde metamorphism at 8.7–9.1 kbar and 850–855 °C. Subduction initiated prior to 1.90 Ga, with final collision and orogeny at 1.88 Ga, followed by post-collision/exhumation at 1.80 Ga, defining a prolonged exhumation period (∼90 m.y.) that occurred at a slow velocity of ∼0.16 ± 0.08 mm/y. Late Paleozoic HPGs are normal mid-ocean ridge basalt type and record a near clockwise P–T–t path, with peak/post-peak amphibolitefacies metamorphism at 11.0–12.5 kbar and 860–890 °C, isothermal decompression to 7.2–7.5 kbar and 810–820 °C, and retrogression to 5.5–7.2 kbar and 805–850 °C. Subduction initiated earlier than ca. 340 Ma, exhumation and uplift initiated at 335–309 Ma and continued to 297–287 Ma. The exhumation was short-lived (∼50 m.y.) and relatively fast (0.38 ± 0.14 mm/y). When compared to granulite-facies metamorphism documented in many Paleoproterozoic HPGs, late Paleozoic HPGs appear to commonly form with an initial period of steep subduction leading to eclogite-facies metamorphism, with subsequent exhumation to middle/lower levels of the crust. Our results further reveal that the exhumation velocity for supercontinent collision was facilitated and duration shortened through time, and that the exhumation mechanism might have been controlled by subduction angle, compression pressure, and temperature.
Metastable olivine within oceanic lithosphere in the uppermost lower mantle beneath the eastern United States
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Fang Yinxia , Zhu Hejun , Stern Robert J. , Li Jiabiao
Published: April 2022

Approximately two-thirds of Earth’s outermost shell is composed of oceanic plates that form at spreading ridges and recycle back to Earth’s interior in subduction zones. A series of physical and chemical changes occur in the subducting lithospheric slab as the temperature and pressure increase with depth. In particular, olivine, the most abundant mineral in the upper mantle, progressively transforms to its high-pressure polymorphs near the mantle transition zone, which is bounded by the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities. However, whether olivine still exists in the core of slabs once they penetrate the 660 km discontinuity remains debated. Based on SKS and SKKS shear-wave differential splitting times, we report new evidence that reveals the presence of metastable olivine in the uppermost lower mantle within the ancient Farallon plate beneath the eastern United States. We estimate that the low-density olivine layer in the subducted Farallon slab may compensate the high density of the rest of the slab associated with the low temperature, leading to neutral buoyancy and preventing further sinking of the slab into the deeper part of the lower mantle.
Supplemental Material: Cenozoic mountain building in eastern China and its correlation with reorganization of the Asian climate regime
Authors: Yu Jingxing , al. et
Published: April 2022

Analytical and thermal modeling methods, additional interpretation, Figures S1–S9, and Tables S1–S3. 
Supplemental Material: Possible bipolar global expression of the P3 and P4 glacial events of eastern Australia in the Northern Hemisphere: Marine diamictites and glendonites from the middle to upper Permian in southern Verkhoyanie, Siberia
Authors: Davydov V.I. , al. et
Published: April 2022

Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and age control; Table S1 (distribution and taxonomy of the fossils in the Kobume section, Verkhoyanie, Russia); and supplemental Figures S1– S23. 
Supplemental Material: Nd isotopic evidence for enhanced mafic weathering leading to Ordovician cooling
Authors: Conwell Christopher T. , al. et
Published: April 2022

Extended methods and discussion, supplemental figures, and tables of isotope data and model parameters and outputs. 
Supplemental Material: Thermal and compositional anomalies in a detailed xenolith-based lithospheric mantle profile of the Siberian craton and the origin of seismic midlithosphere discontinuities
Authors: Liu Zhe , Ionov Dmitri A. , al. et
Published: April 2022

Methods, data and supplemental figures. 