bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization with and without methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Li Ying , Lin Jialing , Li Linghua , Cai Weiping , Wang Yingying , Ye Jiaping , He Suiping , Zhang Wencui , Ye Xiaohua , Yao Zhenjiang
Published: March 2020

Background The global prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is increasing, but data about it was limited in mainland China. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of MRSA nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in mainland China and also evaluate the impact of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS). Methods This cross-sectional study was designed to collect nasal samples and individual information for HIV-infected participants. Risk factors and phenotypic and molecular characteristics among those with MRSA colonization comparing those with and without MRCoNS co-colonization were analyzed.Results We found 119 (11.89%) out of 1001 HIV-infected patients were colonized with MRSA, including 41 (4.10%) with MRCoNS and 78 (7.79%) without MRCoNS. Having a history of respiratory tract infection in the previous 6 months(adjusted OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.04-2.57) and male gender (aOR=3.92, 95% CI: 1.20-12.85) were risk factors for the overall MRSA and MRSA without MRCoNS colonization, respectively. No risk factor was associated with co-colonization of MRSA and MRCoNS. The proportions of antibiotic resistance and toxin genes as well as the distribution of molecular types for MRSA isolates were equivalent between subjects with and without MRCoNS isolates (P-value ≥0.05). Conclusions HIV-infected patients remain a highly vulnerable population for MRSA colonization, and men and prior history of respiratory tract infection are risk factors. Risk factors and phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MRSA colonization were not affected by co-colonizing with MRCoNS.
Establishment and evaluation of specific antibiotic-induced Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model in rats
Authors: Tong Guojun , Qian Hai , Li Dongli , Li Jing , Chen Jing , Li Xiongfeng
Published: March 2020

Background: Physical and chemical methods have been established for rat enteritis model, but antibiotic induction has been relatively rare. This article aims to establish and evaluate rat model of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using antibiotics Methods: Eighty four female SD rats were divided into A-G group according to the dosage and method of antibiotics, among which group A was the control group and others were treated groups. The drug was stopped on the 7th day, the modeling period was 1-7 days, and the recovery period was 8-15 days. Half of the animals were dissected on 11th day and the other animals were dissected on 15th day. Record the food and water intake, body weight, and fecal weight for 2 hours on different days. Number of defecation of each rat was counted for analyzing diarrhea. Nine intestinal flora were analyzed by bacterial culture and three strains were analyzed by quantitative PCR. TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6 and CRP in abdominal aorta blood were detected and analyzed. Colon and rectal tissues were pathologically examined for inflammation and scored. Results: Rat weight, food intake, water intake, and two-hour feces were significantly different (P = .04, .016, <. 001, .009). Compared with group A, there were significant differences in 9 kinds of flora in the experimental group (all P <.001). Significant diarrhea existed in B-G rats dependent on drug (all P<.001). Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Dialister invisus concentrations were analyzed by Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and showed significant differences in groups A, C, and F (p = .033). There were significant differences about TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6 and CRP between the groups (all P<.001). The colonic and rectal pathological inflammation scores of other groups were significantly different from those of the control group (all P <.001). Conclusion: Specific antibiotic-induced enteritis model in SD rats is feasible.
CircRNA LRIG3 knockdown inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating miR-223-3p/MAP2K6 axis and inactivating MAPK/ERK pathway
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhai Junwei , Zhang Li , Chen Yingnan
Published: March 2020

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the roles and molecular mechanism of circRNA leucine-rich repeat immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 3 (circ_LRIG3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated.Methods: The expression levels of circ_LRIG3, microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry was applied to determine the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and transwell assay, respectively. Western blot assay was employed to measure the protein levels of snail, E-cadherin, MAP2K6, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-MAPK (p-MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and phospho-ERKs (p-ERKs). The relationship between miR-223-3p and circ_LRIG3 or MAP2K6 was predicted by bioinformatics tools and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the functions of circ_LRIG3 in vivo.Results: Circ_LRIG3 and MAP2K6 expression were enhanced while miR-223-3p abundance was reduced in HCC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_LRIG3 inhibited the progression of HCC cells via reducing cell proliferation, metastasis and increasing apoptosis. MiR-223-3p was a target of circ_LRIG3 and its downregulation reversed the inhibitory effect of circ_LRIG3 knockdown on progression of HCC cells. Moreover, MAP2K6 could bind to miR-223-3p, and MAP2K6 upregulation also abolished the suppressive impact of circ_LRIG3 interference on progression of HCC cells. Additionally, silence of circ_LRIG3 suppressed the activation of MAPK/ERK pathway and tumor growth by upregulating miR-223-3p and downregulating MAP2K6.Conclusion: Circ_LRIG3 knockdown inhibited HCC progression through regulating miR-223-3p/MAP2K6 axis and inactivating MAPK/ERK pathway, providing a potential therapeutic approach for patients with HCC.
Factor structure and psychometric properties of a perceived barriers to physical activity scale for low-income teens
Authors: Li Cheng , Hullings Christy , Wang Wei , Keenan Debra Palmer
Published: March 2020

Background: Despite known benefits of health and well-being, high-school aged adolescents don’t engage in regular daily physical activity (PA). PA levels are lesser among low-income adolescents. One significant predictor of PA levels is perceived barriers, however, there is a lack of a valid and reliable scale to measure perceived barriers among the low-income adolescent population. The objective of this study was to develop a scale to assess perceived barriers to PA among these high-school aged, low-income adolescents. Methods: The Perceived Barriers to PA Survey for Low-Income Adolescents (PBPA-A) was developed using a mixed-method approach. Initially, 110 items were identified from pre-existing surveys and extensive literature review. These items were then tested using cognitive interviews (n=15) to ensure the wording clarity and appropriateness. Items were deleted and revised based on the feedback from the cognitive interviews. Then, a 2-week test-retest reliability was conducted with 105 adolescents to assess the scale’s consistency over time using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Items with ICC ≤ 0.4, indicating insufficient reliability, were deleted, as were those demonstrating a floor effect. Exploratory factor analysis (n=999) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=999) were used to explore and confirm the underlying structure of the remaining 73-item scale. Items with a loading of ≥0.4 were retained and internal consistencies for the whole scale and subscales were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was recalculated, and concurrent validity was tested in a sample of 1,998 adolescents against the pre-established physical activity questionnaire for adolescent (PAQ-A) using Spearman correlations.Results: The EFA yielded a 7-factor solution with 37 items, which was further cross-validated by CFA. The test-retest reliability was 0.75 for the whole scale and ranged from 0.65 to 0.81 for the subscales. As predicted, the PABA-A scale and subscales were negatively associated the PAQ-A score, indicating adolescents with higher perceived barriers had lower physical activity levels. Conclusions: The PBPA-A is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure perceived barriers among older, low-income adolescents to better understand the relationship between perceived barriers and PA in this population. Further research is warranted to validate the scale in other adolescent subgroups.
Effects of high-fat diet on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract through the glyoxylic acid cycle of pulmonary microbes and the intervention of saturated hydrogen
Authors: Qiu Xiangjie , Bajinka Ousman , Wang Lili , Wu Guojun , Tan Yurong
Published: March 2020

Background High fat diet is extensively studied to be associated with trending metabolic diseases. In addition to type 2 diabetes and hypertension, high fat diet is strongly associated with asthma and other respiratory diseases among children however, the pathogenicity regarding these pulmonary diseases begs for extensive research. This study investigated the mechanism of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract, induced by changes in lung microecology with the intake of high-fat diet. 80 five-week-old C57BL6/J male mice were randomly divided into normal control group, normal hydrogen group, high-fat group and high-fat hydrogen group, making 20 mice in each group. The weight of the mice were measured on weekly basis. 6 mice from each group were executed at every second week. Blood sample was collected for lipid testing, lung tissues were collected for 16SrRNA gene sequencing, HE staining, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).Results Compared with the normal diet group, mice on the high-fat diet group showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased expression of e-cadherin (E-cad) and increased expression of Twist. There were significant differences in the composition of bacteria in the lung, and the expression of isocitrate lyase (ICL) gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii , which were significantly associated with asthma were seen with a significant increasing trend. After the treatment of saturated hydrogen, the changes in lung microbial population, lung tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells and the transformation of epithelial stroma caused by high-fat diet were moderately alleviated.Conclusion High fat diet can affect the process of airway epithelial stroma by altering the glyoxylate cycle of pulmonary microbes while the pathological process are alleviated by saturated hydrogen by acting on glyoxylate cycle.
Impact of take-home messages written into slide presentations delivered during lectures on the retention of messages and the residents’ knowledge: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Lautrette Alexandre , Boyer Alexandre , Gruson Didier , Argaud Laurent , Schwebel Carole , Tardy Bernard , Vignon Philippe , Megarbane Bruno , Schoeffler Pierre , Chabrot Pascal , Schmidt Jeannot , Boirie Yves , Guerin Claude , Darmon Michael , Klouche Kada , Souweine Bertrand , Dellamonica Jean , Pereira Bruno
Published: March 2020

Background Lectures with slide presentations are widely used to teach evidence-based medicine to large groups. Take-home messages (THMs) are poorly identified and recollected by students. We investigated whether an instruction to list THMs in written form on slides would improve the retention thereof by residents, and the residents’ level of knowledge, one month after lectures.Methods Prospective blinded randomized controlled study was conducted. Twelve lectures (6 control and 6 intervention lectures) were delivered to 73 residents. For the intervention lectures, the lecturers were instructed to incorporate clear written THMs into their slide presentations. The outcomes were ability of resident to recollect THMs delivered during a lecture (as assessed by accordance rate between the lecturers’ and residents’ THMs) and knowledge (as assessed by multiple choice questions (MCQs)).Results Data for 3,738 residents’ THMs and 3,410 MCQs were analyzed. The intervention did not significantly increase the number of THMs written on slides (77% (n=20/26), 95% CI 56–91 vs 64% (n=18/28), 95% CI 44–81, p = 0.31) nor THMs retention (13% (n=238/1791), 95% CI 12–15 vs 17% (n=326/1947), 95% 15–18, p = 0.40) nor knowledge (63.8 ±26.2 vs 61.1 ±31.4 /100 points, p = 0.75). In multivariable analyses, superior knowledge was associated with notetaking during lectures (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.41–2.51) and THMs retention (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54–3.04); and THMs retention was associated with written THMs (OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.20–3.93).Conclusions In lectures delivered to residents, a third of the THMs were not in written form, even though the teachers were instructed to incorporate written THMs into their slide presentations. However, there is a strong positive association between writing THMs on a slide, retention of THMs and residents’ knowledge.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01795651 (Fev 21, 2013)
Evaluation of current situation in career development and training of teaching physician
Authors: Yang Ye , Sang Lin Wei , Xia Yang Jia , Bao Wei , Yang Bin Yong , Xu Jie Sheng , Li Li Yan , Liu Wei , Wu Fang Su
Published: March 2020

Background: Extreme competition for grant funding or publications to gain career promotion in affiliated hospital has outsized negative effects on doctor to gain career promotion in China these years. This research seeks to explore the relationships between evaluation of teaching physician and their actual aptitude towards career promotion.Methods: This study was offered to all teachers and medical students at Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A web-based survey was conducted to identify individuals’ aptitude to teaching physician. A total of 140 participants entered and finished the study. Questions consisted of how teaching physician is assessed, the percentage of clinical, scientific work and teaching grant funding/awards/publications of teaching physician as well as attitude towards training in teaching.Results: Teaching physicians tried to satisfy scientific research or grant funding/awards/publications requirements and failed to apply time on teaching, thus affect the teaching quality. Teaching training can serve as an approach to ensure career growth and advancement in medical education. Teaching physicians should be equipped with teaching skills and educational administration in teaching curriculum development.Conclusions: We recommend the outstanding teaching physician should not only be equipped with clinical skills, but also be full of teaching enthusiasm and methods as well as improved the quality of teaching through training.
Perceived educational impact of the medical student long case: a qualitative study
Authors: Tey Corinne , Chiavaroli Neville , Ryan Anna
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND The long case is a traditional method of clinical assessment which has fallen out of favour in certain contexts, primarily due to psychometric concerns. This study explored the long case’s educational impact, an aspect which has been neglected in previous research. METHODS Three focus groups of medical students (20 in total) and semi-structured interviews of six examiners were conducted. Cook and Lineberry’s framework for exploring educational impact was used as a sensitising tool during thematic analysis of the data. RESULTS Participants described the long case and its scoring as having influence on student learning. Engaging in the activity of a long case had an essential role in fostering students’ clinical skills and served as a powerful driving force for them to spend time with patients. The long case was seen as authentic, and the only assessment to promote a holistic approach to patients. Students had concerns about inter-case variability, but there was general consensus that the long case was valuable, with allocation of marks being an important motivator for students. CONCLUSIONS This study offers a unique focus on the traditional long case’s educational consequences; the extent of its positive impact would support its place within a program of assessment.
Total Knee Arthroplasty with and without Tourniquet: Comparative study
Authors: Hamawandi Sherwan , Amin Hazhar I. , Al-Humairi Ameer Kadhim
Published: March 2020

Background: The use of tourniquet during complete knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves protection and reduces blood loss intraoperative. Turniquet use, however, may also have a negative impact after TKA on early recovery of muscle strength and lower extremity function. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of tourniquet use in TKA on surgery length, need for blood transfusion, and amount of postoperative blood drainage by suction drain, incidence of postoperative wound hematoma, postoperative thigh pain, and early mobilization.Methods: Seventy Patients are involved in this study and were divided into two groups; Group A (35) patients were treated with TKA with pneumatic thigh tourniquet. Group B (35) patients were treated with TKA without tourniquet. All patients were suffering from severe knee osteoarthritis and they failed to respond to conservative treatment so they are candidates for primary TKA. The two groups are matched related to age and gender. Selection of patients into two groups done randomly with regard of odd number for group A and even number for group B.Results: The results showed no significant difference regarding age, gender ,postoperative DVT and wound hematoma between group A (when tourniquet was used) and group B (when tourniquet was not used) although we have 2 patients developed DVT and 3 patients had wound hematoma in group A but these are statistically not significant. Regarding post-operative VAS for thigh pain was significantly less in group B and this will result in early mobilization. Also there was significant difference in duration of surgery between two groups with less time in group A due to bloodless field of tourniquet while there was significantly more postoperative drainage amount of blood through the surgical drains in group A and significantly more amount of blood transfusion perioperatively in group B which explain that tourniquet can reduce the total amount of blood loss in TKA.Conclusion: There is significant effect of tourniquet in TKA on thigh pain postoperatively, which will effect postoperative mobilization and rehabilitation. Also the tourniquet can result in significant reduction in time of operation, total blood loss and amount of blood transfusion.Trial registration: NCT, NCT04130009. Registered 17 October 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04130009
The natural history of traumatic femur head necrosis after femoral neck fracture in children and adolescent: a retrospective case series of 64 patients
Authors: Yang Fan , Tu Yonggang , Hong Zhinan , Pang Fengxiang , He Wei , Wei Qiushi , Li Ziqi
Published: March 2020

Background: The natural history of traumatic femur head necrosis (TFHN) after femoral neck fracture (FNF) in children and adolescent is relatively unknown and has never been specifically characterized. As we speculated, the natural history in such population would be poor and characterized as the high risk of femoral head collapse, hip deformity and degeneration in a short term. Methods: This retrospective case series enrolled 64 children and adolescent with TFHN who treated with observational treatment from 2000.1 to 2018.1. The primary outcomes, such as the progression of femoral head collapse, hip deformity (Stulberg classification) and hip degeneration (Tönnis grade), and their prognostic factors were analysed. Results: 42 males and 22 females with a mean age of 13 years (6-16 years), were included. A total of 28 hips (44%) showed unsatisfactory outcome and Twenty-five (39%) hips collapsed progressively during a mean follow-up of 48 months (24-203 months). Finally, 38 hips (59%) experienced hip deformity, 20 of them were class IV/V. 34 hips (53%) generally progressed to osteoarthritis, 14 of them were classified as grades II/III. The location of the lesion and the presence of lateral subluxation were found to be independently related to progression of femoral head collapse; however, the presence of lateral subluxation was the only independent risk factor of severe hip deformity and degeneration. Conclusion: TFHN in children and adolescent is a rapidly progressing disease with a poor natural history characterized by a high risk of femoral head collapse progression. If the lateral subluxation emerged, collapsed cases showed increasingly tendency towards severe hip deformity and degeneration.
Retrospective comparative study of arthroscopy assisted loop-plate suture technique and a Hook plate for the treatment of distal clavicle fractures
Authors: Wang Hui , Cai Guiquan , Li De , Wang Chenglong , Zhang Jiahong , He Jiye , Wang Dongliang
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose To compare the clinical effects of hook plate and AALS technique in the treatment of acute Neer II distal clavicular fracture.
Methods 33 patients with Neer II distal clavicular fracture were included in this study. 15 patients were treated internal fixation with clavicular hook plate. 18 patients underwent fracture reduction with AALS technique. Constant-Murley and VAS scores were used to evaluate shoulder joint function and pain degree during follow-up. Karlsson score and shoulder joint X-ray was used to evaluate patients' satisfaction and the loss of reduction respectively.
Results There were significant differences in amount of bleeding, Constant-Murley score and Karlsson score between these two groups (P<0.05). In the AALS group, we observed 3 cases with rotator cuff injury, 1 case with labrum injury during the operation. Two patients in AALS group had slight loss of reduction, but with no requirement of removal of internal fixation owing to discomfort. In hook plate group, 5 patients complained discomfort in shoulder movement and limited function after operation. At the last follow-up, 3 patients suffered from subacromial osteolysis accompanied by acromial impingement pain, and 2 patients with mild reduction loss.
Conclusion For patients with Neer IIB distal clavicle fracture, AALS technique is superior to hook plate in shoulder joint function recovery and pain performance after operation, which is probably a novel reliable choice.
Impact of Mouse Strain and Sex when Modeling Radiation Necrosis
Authors: Boria Andrew J. , Perez-Torres Carlos
Published: March 2020

Background: Murine models are among the most common type of preclinical animal models used to study the human condition, but a wide selection of different mice is currently in use with these differences potentially compromising study results and impairing the ability to reconcile interstudy results. Our goal was to determine how the train and sex of the mice selection would affect the development of radiation necrosis in our murine model of radiation-induced cerebral necrosis.Methods: We generated this model by using a preclinical irradiator to irradiate a sub-hemispheric portion of the brain of mice with single-fraction doses of 80 Gy. Eight possible combinations of mice made up of two different with two substrains each(BALB/cN, BALB/cJ, C57BL/6N, and C57BL/6J) and both sexes were irradiated in this study. Radiation necrosis development was tracked up to eight weeks with a 7T Bruker MRI utilizing T2-weighted and post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. MRI results were compared to and validated with the use of histology which utilized a scale from 0-3 in ascending order of damage.Results: Both time post-irradiation and strain (BALB/c vs C57BL/6) were significant factors affecting radiation necrosis development. Sex was in general not a statistically significant parameter in terms of radiation necrosis development.Conclusion: Mouse strain thus need to be considered when evaluating the results of necrosis models. However, sex does not appear to be a variable needing major consideration.
The regulation and mechanism of a dual PI3K/mTOR signaling inhibitor in hemangioma vascular endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: liu wangshu , Yu Yang , Li Juan , Huang Hui , Liu Hao , Yuan Meijia , Tan Hongyang , Wang Nankai , Nie Miaojie , Hu Xuanshen , Yu Song
Published: March 2020

Objective To observe the influence of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 on proliferation and apoptosis of hemangioma cells in vitro and key molecules of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods Hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HeECs) were obtained by surgical resection and cultured after the explants with the trypsin-digestion method. Fourth generation cells were cultured with serum-free medium for 24 hours. Then, the intervention group cells were added to the culture medium with 0.50 μM or 1.00 μM NVP-BEZ235. Cell proliferation was detected with CCK-8 assays, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and p70s6k protein levels were detected by Western blots. Then, the relationship between the phenotype of hemangioma vascular endothelial cells and the four proteins was analyzed.Results the 0.50 μM and 1.00 μM NVP-BEZ235 groups were significantly lower (0.88±0.03 and 0.59±0.05, respectively) than the control group (1.10±0.02) (P<0.01). The rate of G0/G1 phase cells in the 0.50 μM and 1.00 μM NVP-BEZ235 group were higher than the control group (P<0.01). The total rates of apoptotic cells in the 0.50 μM and 1.00 μM NVP-BEZ235 groups were higher than the control group (2.77±1.23)% (P<0.01). The PI3K pathway related protein levels in the NVP-BEZ235 group were lower than control group (P<0.01).Conclusion The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway participates in hemangioma development. NVP-BEZ235 affected hemangioma vascular endothelial cells in vitro by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.
Mini-midvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty: difference in patient-reported outcomes measured with the Forgotten Joint Score
Authors: Lin Wei , Niu Jinghui , Dai Yike , Yang Guangmin , Li Ming , Wang Fei
Published: March 2020

Background: Low knee awareness after minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become the ultimate target of a natural feeling knee that meet patient expectations. The objective of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of TKA via the mini-midvastus (MMV) approach or medial parapatellar (MPP) approach and expound which approach can acquire better quality of life after surgery.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2016, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 330 patients who underwent TKA via mini-midvastus (MMV) approach were included in MMV group. In this period, we selected 330 patients who underwent TKA via medial parapatellar (MPP) approach (MPP group) for comparison. Clinical results were assessed with visual analogue score for pain (VAS), range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS). The forgotten joint score (FJS) was used to analyze the ability to forget the joint.Results: There were significant differences with regard to VAS, ROM and KSS score until six months after surgery between the MMV and MPP group (p < 0.05), but the differences were not found at 12 months, 24 months and 36 months after surgery. However, there were significant differences with regard to FJS score between the groups during the follow up time (p < 0.05).Conclusion: When forgetting the artificial joint after TKA is the ultimate target, better quality of life can be acquired by performing TKA via the MMV approach. In addition, compared with MPP approach, the MMV approach could offer less pain and faster recovery.
Comparison of Paraspinal Muscle Degeneration and Decompression Effect Between Conventional Open and Minimal Invasive Approaches for Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery: a prospective cohort study.
Authors: FU CHEN-JU , Chen Wen-Chien , Lu Meng-Ling , Cheng Chih-Hsiu , Niu Chi-Chien
Published: March 2020

Background Posterior Instrumented Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) is used to treat spinal stenosis. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) can cause less muscle injury than conventional open surgery (COS) The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of postoperative fatty degeneration in the paraspinal muscles and the spinal decompression between COS and MIS based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Forty-six patients received TLIF (21 COS, 25 MIS) from February 2016 to January 2017. Lumbar MRI was performed within 3 months before surgery and 1 year after surgery. The postoperative muscle-fat-index (MFI) change of the paraspinal muscles (multifidus and erector spinae) and the dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCAS) change were compared between the 2 groups. Results The average MFI change at L2-S1 erector spinae muscle was significantly greater in the COS group (27.37 ± 21.37% vs. 14.13 ± 19.19%, P = 0.044). A significant MFI change difference between the COS and MIS group was also found in the erector spinae muscle at the caudal adjacent level (54.47 ± 37.95% vs. 23.60 ± 31.59%, P = 0.016). No significant differences at the operated and cranial adjacent level were found. DSCSA improvement after surgery was significantly greater in the COS group (128.15 ± 39.83 mm2 vs. 78.15 ± 38.5 mm2, P = 0.0005) Conclusion COS is associated with more prominent fatty degeneration of the paraspinal muscles. Statically significant post-operative MFI change was only noted in erector spinae muscle at caudal adjacent level and L2-S1 mean global level. COS produces a greater decompressive effect than MIS.
Finite element analysis of breakage risk of two kinds of sacroiliac screws in unilateral sacral fractures
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Zhao Yong , Zou Dexin , Dong Shengjie , Sun Xiujiang , Cheng Gong , Lian Wei , Zhao Yuchi , Sun Tao , Wang Dan , Zhang Shudong
Published: March 2020

To compare the risk of breakage of lengthened sacroiliac screw and ordinary sacroiliac screw for the treatment of unilateral vertical sacral fractures to provide reference for clinical application. A finite element model of Tile C pelvic ring injury (unilateral type Denis Ⅱ fracture of sacrum) was produced. The sacral fractures were fixed with lengthened sacroiliac screw and ordinary sacroiliac screw in 6 types of models respectively. The maximal Von Mises stresses and stress distribution of the two kinds of screws in the case of standing on both feet were measured and compared. The maximal Von Mises stress of lengthened screw is less than that of ordinary screw. Compared with ordinary screw, the stress distribution in lengthened screw is more homogeneous. In conclusion, the breakage risk of screws fixed in double-segment is lower than that of screws fixed in single-segment, and the breakage risk of lengthened screws is lower than that of ordinary screw, and the breakage risk of screws fixed in S2 segment is lower than that of screws fixed in S1 segment.
Hemivertebra Resection Combined With Wedge Osteotomy for Treatment of Severe Rigid Congenital Kyphoscoliosis in Adolescence
Authors: Yin Xinhua , Yan Liang , He Baorong , Hao Ding Jun , Liu Zhongkai
Published: March 2020

Background There was a controversy about surgery approach of severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis in adolescence treatment. Aim of the study is to compare the clinical efficacy of surgical treatement by hemivertebra resection (HR) and hemivertebra resection combined with wedge osteotomy (HRWO) for severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis in adolescence. Methods Twenty-five patients with severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis between Jan 2006 and Dec 2011 were studied in our center. The patients were divided into hemivertebra resection group (group HR) or hemivertebra resection combined with wedge osteotomy group (group HRWO). The clinical and radiographic evaluation in terms of operation time, blood loss, correction rate, fusion time, hospital stay, complications and SRS-24 questionnaire score were compared between Group A and Group B. Results It is obvious that group HR achieved much better results in time of operation time, intra-operative blood loss, and hospital stay than group HRWO (P < 0.05). But meanwhile, group HRWO was significantly better than group HR in the times of coronal Cobb angle, kyphosis, the sagittal imbalance, coronal imbalance and SRS-24 questionnaire score (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the age, mean flexibility, follow-up time, fusion time, and complications in the last follow-up (P > 0.05). Conclusion The outcomes of follow-up showed that the hemivertebra resection combined with wedge osteotomy approach obtained better clinical outcomes hemivertebra resection surgery. It might be a better surgical treatment for severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis in adolescence patients, but it needs longer operation time, more intra-operative blood loss, and extended hospital stay.
Simulation of Intelligent Robot in Boxing Exercises Based on Kinect Sensor
Authors: Li Peicong
Published: March 2020

In the continuous development process, robot technology has been widely used in aerospace, medical, education and service industries, and the relationship between robots and humans is getting closer.The improvement of robot intelligence is a process of continuously learning outside knowledge.Since the introduction of human-computer interaction technology in 1959, it has provided more and more technical support for human research robots.This paper first takes Taijiquan as an example, and carries out mechanical analysis and deconstruction of its standard Taiji pusher action, and obtains corresponding action parameterization information;Then, based on the human-computer interaction technology, the human body depth image and the skeleton structure are acquired through the Kinect sensor, and the human joint position data is recorded.The coordinate conversion is sent to the Nao robot, which realizes the imitation learning of the robot's push action on the Taiji.
Application of data mining technology and wireless network sensing technology in sports training index analysis
Authors: Qian Liqiu , Liu Jiatong
Published: March 2020

The conventional analysis method can provide a general analysis of sports training index, but its ability is relatively low when analyzing niche data. To solve this problem, this paper proposes data mining technology. First, the indicator parameter classification is determined, then the data mining technology is imported, the sports training analysis mechanism is established through this technology, and the construction of the index analysis model is completed. The model is used to analyze the process of niche data mining, and effective data of training indicators are obtained. Deep learning is a method of machine learning based on representation of data.Through the coverage test, accuracy test and immunity test, the variable parameters of the comprehensive analysis capability are determined. Further calculation of this parameter shows that the comprehensive ability of the data mining application analysis method is improved by 37.14% compared with the conventional method, which is suitable for analysis of niche sports training indicators of different data types.
Assessment of the Role of a Tutor in Implementation of Individual Educational Strategy of a University Applicant
Authors: Bogomolov Denis , Grinev Alexandr , Berechikidze Iza , Larina Svetlana , Degtyarevskaya Tatyana
Published: March 2020

Background Nowadays the specialist program of medical profile is one of the most popular admission programs among university entrants. The study is aimed at assessment of the tutor's role in the implementation of the applicant's individual educational strategy basing on the example of preparation for the exam in biology for admission to a medical university. Methods The study is basing on the hypothesis that the tutor is an important, but not essential component of an individual educational strategy for entering a medical university. More than 100 first-year students of the Sechenov University took part in the questionnaire survey to implement the goals and objectives of the research. The survey results were analyzed using specialized statistical packages. Standard methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, clustering methods were used. Results As a result various IES were identified and several features of the interconnection of the IES and the results of USE were studied.In the framework of this study, various educational strategies that are implemented by the student were identified and analyzed, including the students of schools participating in the program “Medical class in Moscow school” and “Sechenov Pre-university”, so, it gives an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of profile orientation within the biological profile and to extrapolate findings to similar programs of profile orientation of education in high school. Conclusions This study provides an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of a particular educational strategy and can help to choose the right path in preparation for admission to medical university. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
Silver nanoparticles as a potential nematicide against Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Baronia Richa , Kumar Puneet , Singh S. P. , Walia R. K.
Published: March 2020

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe damage to the various agricultural crops, leading to economic losses for farmers. Therefore, identification and development of novel and environmentally benign nematicides is critically important. In this study, a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) formulation was synthesized, characterized, and investigated as a potential nematicide against rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne gramnicola, on rice (Oryza sativa). A series of lab assays (water and sand screening) and glasshouse experiments (using soilless system, autoclaved soil, and naturally infested soil) were conducted to examine the nematicidal effects of AgNP. The results from lab assays revealed 0.1 µg/ml as the minimum concentration for 100% irreversible nematode mortality after 12 hr in the water screening test. However, results from the sand screening test indicated 100% nematicidal effect of AgNP at 2 µg/ml after 24 hr of incubation. In glasshouse assays in soilless system of rice cultivation, 1 µg/ml concentration of AgNP applied directly to the trays achieved significant suppression of root gall formation. The effective dosage to kill nematodes in field soil assays was determined to be 3 µg/ml, which is lower than the value of 150 µg/ml reported in the literature. No visible adverse effect of AgNP was observed on seed germination or plant growth in all the experiments. The results indicate that AgNP has effective nematicidal activity against M. graminicola in rice.
A draft genome of a field-collected Steinernema feltiae strain NW
Authors: Fu Zhen , Li Yuxiang , Elling Axel A. , Snyder William E.
Published: March 2020

Advances in sequencing technologies have accelerated our understanding of the complex genetic network of organisms and genomic divergences that are linked to evolutionary processes. While many model organisms and laboratory strains have been sequenced, wild populations are underrepresented in the growing list of sequenced genomes. Here, we present a de novo assembly of Steinernema feltiae, strain NW, collected from a working agricultural field in south central Washington, USA. Leveraging Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long reads, we sequenced strain NW to a high depth (99×). The resulting de novo assembly is significantly larger than the previous assembly generated from the laboratory strain SN, with a noticeable improvement in continuity and completeness. Comparative analysis of two assemblies revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), breakpoints, and indels present between the two genomes. This alternative genome resource and annotation could benefit the research community to examine the genetic foundation of evolutionary processes as well as genomic variation among conspecific populations.
Essential oils for managing Pratylenchus penetrans on Easter lilies
Authors: Westerdahl B. B. , Giraud D. , Riddle L. J. , Anderson C. A.
Published: March 2020

Easter lily bulbs for greenhouse forcing are produced in Del Norte County, California and Curry County, Oregon, USA. Pratylenchus penetrans infestation seriously affects growth of field grown bulbs. During two consecutive years of field trials containing 22 treatments, commercially prepared formulations of essential oils (EOs) were compared to an untreated control and to a standard chemical fumigant treatment (FU) (1,3-dichloropropene and metam sodium) applied preplant followed by phorate (PH) at planting to determine their value in the management of lesion nematode, and in improving plant health. The EO products Duogard, EF400, EF300, and Cinnamite were tested as preplant dips to bulblet planting stock. The treated bulblets were tested either alone, in combination with PH at-planting, at planting following FU or in combination with PH at planting following FU. The organophosphates ethoprop and fosthiazate were also tested either alone, or at a reduced rate in combination with a reduced rate of PH. With respect to bulb circumference, ten treatments consistently outperformed the control. In consecutive years, three treatments had healthier looking roots than the control. At harvest, levels of lesion nematode within roots were consistently lower in nine treatments. EOs were beneficial in mitigating nematode damage.
Improvement of long segment ribosomal PCR amplification for molecular identification of Litylenchus crenatae mccannii associated with beech leaf disease
Authors: Carta L.K. , Li S.
Published: March 2020

Generating DNA markers for microscopic plant parasitic nematodes can be especially difficult if only a few valuable, tiny specimens are available. Providing a reliable maximum amount of unambiguous genetic information from single nematodes is especially important when identifying damaging, regulated nematodes of importance to trade where a few nucleotide differences in diagnostic markers are significant. There are many possible reasons for difficulty amplifying unpurified nematode DNA for long range PCR followed by direct sequencing. Specimen age, proofreading errors and reagent compatibility during PCR are among those problems. While unsuccessful direct amplification of difficult samples may sometimes be overcome by cloning, a more expensive and time-consuming process. Therefore, long segment PCR of a large 3.5 kb segment of ribosomal DNA was optimized for individual difficult-to-amplify young Litylenchus crenatae mccannii (Anguinidae) nematodes by systematically testing thermostable polymerases, proofreading enzymes and buffers. The combination of thermostable DreamTaq™, proofreading Pfu polymerase, and PicoMaxx™ buffer provided the best results. These nematodes are the subject of surveys currently active at many sites in the northeastern United States. This new, optimized PCR protocol will be useful for diagnostic labs associated with the surveys.
Fungal communities associated with Heterodera glycines and their potential in biological control: a current update
Authors: Haarith Deepak , Bushley Kathryn E. , Chen Senyu
Published: March 2020

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most important pest on soybean, a major crop worldwide. The SCN is considered both parasitic and pathogenic as it derives nutrition from the host and manipulates host physiology to do so. Currently, there are no commercially available chemicals that are specific, environmentally safe and cost effective to control SCN levels. Crop rotation, use of host resistance and other cultural practices remain the main management strategies. The need for bioprospecting other methods of controlling SCN is paramount, and fungi show promise in that respect. Several studies have evaluated fungi and fungal products as biocontrol options against plant-parasitic nematodes. This review discusses fungal genera isolated from the SCN with potential for use as biocontrol agents and the effects of their secondary metabolites on various stages of SCN development. The review also summarizes efforts to control SCN using soil amendments that could potentially impact fungal communities in the soil.
Multi-scale mining of kinematic distributions with wavelets
Authors: Lillard Benjamin , Plehn Tilman , Romero Alexis , Tait Tim
Published: March 2020

Typical LHC analyses search for local features in kinematic
distributions. Assumptions about anomalous patterns limit them to a
relatively narrow subset of possible signals. Wavelets extract
information from an entire distribution and decompose it at all scales,
simultaneously searching for features over a wide range of scales. We
propose a systematic wavelet analysis and show how bumps, bump-dip
combinations, and oscillatory patterns are extracted. Our kinematic
wavelet analysis kit KWAK provides a publicly available framework to
analyze and visualize general distributions.
Del Choque de Civilizaciones al choque con la realidad: Samuel Huntington 20 años después
Authors: Molina Santamaria Ximena , Bautista Safar Tatiana Paola
Published: March 2020

Samuel Huntington plantea en 1996 las líneas de fractura en su obra Choque de civilizaciones, como guía para entender los conflictos mundiales. Veinte años después de su lanzamiento, se pretende determinar si las hipótesis del autor son vigentes para el caso de Crimea en el contexto actual. El documento hará un acercamiento a la teoría planteada por Huntington, profundizando en las críticas hechas a los postulados para analizar su vigencia, en el caso ucraniano.
Editorial
Authors: Hewitt Ramírez Nohelia
Published: March 2020

Editorial
Comorbilidad entre ansiedad y depresión: evaluación empírica del modelo indefensión desesperanza
Authors: González Cifuentes Carlos Eduardo , Ángel de Greiff Elizabeth , Avendaño Prieto Bertha Lucía
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación se fundamenta en la teoría de Indefensión Desesperanza que propone varias hipótesis sobre las relaciones entre ansiedad y depresión y su comorbilidad. La muestra está constituida por 526 personas que participaron de manera anónima y voluntaria. Los principales hallazgos señalan que efectivamente el modelo de tres variables predictivas: intolerancia a la incertidumbre, indefensión y desesperanza es superior a modelos alternativos de una y dos variables para diferenciar a los sujetos como ansiosos, depresivos y comórbidos. De acuerdo con los resultados del análisis de regresión logística multinomial (n=205) realizado con los participantes ubicados en el cuartil superior para ansiedad, depresión o ambas, se encontró que el modelo de tres variables predictivas (chi 354,791 y P 0,000) clasificó y discriminó correctamente al 93% de los casos. Otras hipótesis importantes derivadas de la teoría también recibieron apoyo empírico.