bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osmanli Padişahlarinin Mirasi ( Saraylar, Köşkler ve Kasrlar)
Authors: KARAKÖSE Hasan , ADIL ABDULAMEER HAWEJA Hüda
Published: January 2023

Osmanlı tarihini okuyanlar, ilk saraylar olan Bursa ve Edirne sarayları ile Topkapı Sarayı hakkında az-çok bilgiye sahip olurlar. Ayrıca, bu saraylar bize idari, siyasi fonksiyonları ve harem hayatı yönleri ile öğretilir. Bir de ölen veya tahttan uzaklaştırılan padişah ve aile efradının Topkapı Sarayı dışında Eski Saraylara gönderildikleri bilgileri verilir.
Fakat Osmanlı padişahlarının bu sarayların dışında yaşadıkları günlük hayatlarını, ziyaretçilerini kabul ettikleri, bazı törenlerin yapıldığı, devlet görevlerinin dışında ava çıkma, ata binme gibi özel hobilerin icra edildiği saraylar, köşkler ve kasrlar da vardır.
Saraylar, devlet idaresinin yürütüldüğü ve idarede bulunan padişahın aile efradının ikâmeti için ayrılan, harem olarak nitelenen bölümlerden oluşurlar.Sanat eseri özelliği taşıyan, su kenarlarına veya manzara özelliği taşıyan mekanlara inşâ edilen küçük saray binalarına kasr denilmektedir. Köşkler ise saray ve kasrlardan farklıdır. Bunlar, bir zaferin hatırası veya önemli bir şahsın ikameti, yahutta farklı amaçlarla saray halkının ve devlet adamlarının yaptırdığı büyük müstakil evlerdir.
Osmanlı tarihinde Yıldız Sarayı, Sultan Abdülhamid’in kendine mahsus şahsiyeti, yaşanan olayların çok olması ve giriftliği, padişahın büyük devletlerle yılmayan mücadelesinden dolayı farklılık arz etmektedir. Belirtilen sebeplerden ve bir makale kapsamından çok fazla incelemeyi gerektirdiğinden Yıldız Sarayı inceleme dışında bırakılmıştır. Osmanlı padişahlarının yaptırdıkları ve yaşadıkları saraylar, kasrlar ve köşklerden sekiz tanesi inceleme konusu olmuştur.
Chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract of Miliusa velutina Dun Hook. f. et. Thoms.
Authors: Le Hoang-Khang , Phan Thanh-Tung , Ngo Thi Thuy-Duong , Nguyen Tan-Tai , Huynh Ngoc-Vinh , Ton That-Quang
Published: January 2023

Miliusa velutina Dun Hook. f. et. Thoms is the rare and native plant, belongs to the Annonaceae family. The isolated compounds in Miliusa genus showed that many function groups and have diverse bioactivities from the ethyl acetate extract of the trunk of Miliusa velutina, three compounds were isolated and determined based on 1D, 2D NMR spectra, MS and combined comparison with references. The three structurally defined compounds are: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), p-coumaric acid (2), 1-O-methyl- -D-glucopyranoside (3). All of three compounds are first known to exist in the Miliusa velutina.
El oncólogo práctico: El sidedness
Authors: Jankilevich Gustavo
Published: January 2023

El cáncer de colon y recto es uno de los tumores más frecuentes y mortales en el hemisferio occidental.

En las últimas décadas hubo cambios importantes merced al desarrollo de campañas de prevención eficientes, cambios en la dieta, conocimiento de la oncogénesis, nuevos tratamientos y entrenamiento de centros y equipos de salud.

En la Argentina está dentro de las primeras cuatro causas de incidencia y mortalidad en ambos sexos y el número de casos, a diferencia de otros tumores, se incrementó en los últimos años1.

El acceso a la atención y tratamientos también están fragmentados en nuestro país, y muchas veces fuera de protocolo o sin gestión de calidad.

Para el oncólogo práctico y el equipo multidisciplinario del cual es parte, los factores pronósticos clásicos son el TNM y el perfomance status, estratificando a los pacientes y permitiendo su correcto plan de tratamiento.

Guías terapéuticas y consensos convergen sobre esos factores pronósticos y agregan predictivos (como el RAS y probablemente el BRAF) y propios de situaciones especiales (población “resecable” u “only”). Ello se ve reflejado en las guías de ESMO de 20162.

El colon, entendido como un órgano homogéneo, se trata de tal forma y constituye la base de nuestra asistencia diaria.

Sin embargo, en los últimos dos años han emergido dos nuevas piezas que nos ayudan a entender la fisiopatología del cáncer de colon y recto: la inmunología y el reconocimiento del colon como un órgano heterogéneo desde el plano fisiológico y molecular.
National Mobility Analysis for All Interstate Routes in the United States
Authors: Desai Jairaj , Mathew Jijo K. , Li Howell , Sakhare Rahul , Horton Deborah , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: January 2023

In November 2022, Wejo Data Services Inc. provided Purdue with a national data set comprised of approximately 470 billion connected vehicle records covering all 50 states for the month of August 2022. The goal of the evaluation data set was to create a series of summary graphics to evaluate the scalability of work zone analytics graphics and electric/hybrid vehicle counts at a national level. This report illustrates several performance measures developed using this dataset for all interstate routes, both state wise and cross-country. State wise graphics are organized with 50 subdirectories containing graphics for each interstate in the 50 states. There are also a series of multi-state graphics for I-5, I-10, I-15, I-35, I-55, I-65, I-75, I-80, I-90, and I-95. Performance measures include absolute and normalized trip counts classified by type of trip (electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle or internal combustion engine vehicle), weekly heatmaps based on vehicle speed overlaid with hard-braking events and finally, speed profiles by interstate mile markers. Additional details on the directories and how to interpret these performance measures can found inside the document (after extracting the .zip file) titled “National_Mobility_Analysis_README.pdf”.
James Boswell
Authors: Pittock Murray
Published: January 2023

James Boswell (1740-95) has gone down in history as the biographer of Samuel Johnson, a sexual adventurer, a toadying Scot, and as a writer who typified the divided consciousness of the Scottish eighteenth century. Before the discovery and (since 1950) publication of his private papers, critics often saw him as a bit of a fool, whose achievement was primarily that of being lucky enough to be the friend and amanuensis of the most famous Englishman of his day. More recently, the stature of Boswell’s achievement and his complexity as a writer have been better appreciated, but without adequate understanding of his role as a specifically Scottish author and thinker of the age of Enlightenment: in particular, his anxious critique of Humean scepticism is discussed here. This study examines, through a close reading of both published and unpublished materials, how Boswell deliberately sets out to write ambiguously about himself and the major events of his time; how, far from echoing Johnson, Boswell improves on his sayings and teasingly criticizes him; and how Boswell’s political and religious sympathies with Jacobitism, Scotland and Catholicism coloured the way in which he understood his own, and his country’s, uncertain place in the new world of British imperial opportunity.
A Comprehensive Review of Banana Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Properties, Processing and Applications
Authors: Singh Shresht , Naik Nithesh , Sooriyaperakasam Nilakshman , Iyer Tejas , Agarwal Chirag , Tirupathi Jeswanthi , Al Abdali Mahmood
Published: January 2023

Banana fiber-reinforced composites are a promising area of research due to their sustainable and renewable nature and physical and mechanical properties. This comprehensive review article analyzed the physical structure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of banana fibers and the processing methods and challenges associated with their use. The review also covers the different variants of banana fiber-reinforced composites, including their thermal and mechanical properties, current and future applications, and the implications for researchers, engineers, and manufacturers interested in exploring the potential of these materials. The study found that the mechanical properties of banana fiber composites depend on various factors, such as fiber length, diameter, and loading, as well as the type of matrix used. However, more research is needed to understand the full potential of banana fiber-reinforced composites and to address challenges such as the inconsistent quality of fibers and the lack of standardization in processing methods. Despite these challenges, the review highlights the potential for these composites to play an important role in sustainable and eco-friendly construction and manufacturing applications.
The Association between Sleep Quality and the Psychological Domain of Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elmahdy Mona H. , Mahmoud Samy S. , Alsury Leena N. , Maslouf Atheer H. , Daghriri Sara A. , Alhazmi Asma M. , Abuilla Manal Y. , Khired Zenat A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Sleep is an essential physiological process that accounts for about one-third of human life. Poor sleep quality is associated with many adverse effects, and can negatively affect the psychological domain of health-related quality of life. So, this study aimed to investigate the association between sleep quality and the psychological domain of health-related quality of life among adults in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Participants and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional type of epidemiological study was carried out through an online web-based survey using a convenient type of sampling. A snowball sampling technique was used to collect data from 406 adults between 18-60 years old living in Jazan region. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire containing demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and WHOQOL-BREF the short form. Results: The age range of the participants was from 18 to 60, with mean, median, and mode of 30.92, 27, and 21 years, respectively (SD ± 11.402). Females constituted 230 (56.7%) of the study population, while males accounted for 176 (43.3%). The age of the participants was highly correlated with their psychological domain scores (r = 0.197; p < 0.0001). According to PSQI results, the majority of participants 279 (68.7%) reported poor sleep quality. Females were more correlated with higher PSQI scores reflecting their poorer sleep quality compared to males (r= 0.115; p = 0.020). Sleep quality and the psychological domain were significantly negatively correlated (r = -0.280; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality has a significant negative correlation with the psychological domain of health-related quality of life among adults living in Jazan region. Future health educational programs are needed to improve the quality of sleep and psychological domain of health-related quality of life among adults in Jazan region. Keywords: Sleep quality, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psychological domain, HRL, Jazan.
The level of competency of emergency residents to interpret the electrocardiogram in Riyadh regions, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Harbi Khalid M. , Al-Rajeh Hatun F. , Almutairi Khalid F. , Aldosari Yara N. , Almutairi Sarah A. , Alkahmous Hadeel A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple test that can be used to assess the rhythm and electrical activity of the heart. Continuous 24-hour ECG monitoring, in addition to the usual 12-lead ECG and 24–48-hour ECG Holter, can detect arrhythmias undetected by 12-lead ECGs and Holters. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of competency of emergency room residents to interpret the ECG in the Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted among emergency residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to the targeted residents of the emergency department using an online survey. The questionnaire includes basic demographic data (i.e., age, gender, hospital, etc.) and a 12-item questionnaire assessing the level of competency using a different scenario. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 26. Results: Of the 96 emergency residents involved, 63.5% were aged between 25 and 27 years old. Overall, the level of competency was average among 63.5%; 24% were considered to have high levels, and only 12.5% were considered to have low levels. The mean score of competencies was 7.80 (SD 2.21) out of 12 points. Factors associated withincreased competency included working in King Abdulaziz Medical City, having more than 5 years of working experience in emergency care, and attending electrocardiography training courses. Conclusion: The level of competency among emergency medicine residents in reading electrocardiograms was deemed adequate. Residents who had more years of experience in emergency care and had attended courses and training related to ECG reading tended to increase their competency levels more than the other emergency residents. More research is needed to establish the competency level of emergency residents in our region. Categories: Cardiology, Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine Keywords: Riyadh city, competency, ECG interpretation, emergency residents, electrocardiogram (ECG)
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Childhood Tuberculosis Screening and Management among Healthcare Providers in Al-Medinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL Jehani Yasmeen T. , Rmdan Lamees N. , Almahallawi Mazen A. , Almohammadi Nouf R. , Dawood Raneem A. , Alattas Lubna A. , Alraddadi Saba A. , Alrehaili Ruba D. , Almawardi Souad , Alhazmy Mona , Alshehri Abdulaziz J.
Published: January 2023

Among infectious illnesses, tuberculosis (TB) has the highest fatality rate. The likelihood of infection spreading from patients to healthcare providers is two times higher than in the general population. The primary risk factor for contracting TB is close proximity to an infected individual prior to diagnosis. The research assessed health workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of TB infection control in Saudi Arabia. The study used a cross-sectional approach based on an online survey. The research was carried out throughout the months of May to July 2022 in Al Madinah Al-Munawara. The questionnaire included demographic’s and work variables, knowledge regarding pediatric TB etiology, transmission, symptoms, lymph node characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. Also, the participants’ perspectives and practice patterns on contact investigation, TB diagnostic tools, laboratory services, presumptive TB diagnostic referrals, and TB treatment were evaluated. The study included 558 healthcare workers (HCWs) from various specialists. HCWs exhibited sound knowledge, and positive attitudes in comparison to those with minimal experience in diagnosing TB in children TB as 31.2% had excellent knowledge, 22.6% good, 18.5% mediocre, and 27.8% bad. The majority of responders (49.1%) had a positive attitude, while only 33.2% had correct and full practice routines. Immediate action is required to increase HCW awareness, capacity, and skills to ensure an accurate diagnosis. In the identification of TB cases, certain crucial information gaps were discovered. This study also highlights the significance of clinical experience and frequent interactions with tuberculosis patients in clinical practice as a pathway to competency-based learning by practice. Keywords: healthcare workers, knowledge, tuberculosis, diagnosis, practice, KSA.
Post-Harvest Problems of Strawberry and Their Solutions
Authors: Qureshi Quarshi Huma , Ahmed Waseem , Azmant Rafia , Chendouh-Brahmi Nabila , Quyyum Abdul , Abbas Asad
Published: January 2023

Strawberry is a fruit with a short season of harvest. Strawberry is well-known among people all over the world for its distinct flavour, nutritional value, and delicacy. While on the other hand, preserving strawberry and shelf life extension has been a huge difficulty due to their perishable nature. Making effective and sustainable use of already available food processing and preservation technology needs time. Researchers must use advanced techniques like a cool store, modified atmospheric packaging (MAP), cool store, controlled atmospheric storage (CA), various packaging methods, and a variety of chemical and physical treatments to retain commodities for a longer period due to strategic market sales following harvest. Except for the preserving techniques, there is some polysaccharide-based edible coating which has a crucial role in delaying fruit softening, fruit decay, maintaining the increased levels of ascorbic acid and phenols, enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reducing membrane damage. During the postharvest stages, there are numerous threats to keep in view regarding the safety and quality of strawberries. In this chapter, we will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of some of the various preservation technologies, as well as how they might be utilised to preserve and a prolonged period of freshly harvested strawberries.
Cancelled: Simple Model of Nuclear Interaction
Authors: Sarkadi Dezso
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the atoms of the periodic table are defined as independent particles. Atomic nuclei are considered special quantized oscillators (mass oscillators), which have specific ground and excited states. The frequency of nuclear oscillators is proportional to the square root of the mass of the nucleus. The rest mass of atomic nuclei is determined using Planck’s black body radiation theory. The Radiation Model of atomic nuclei is determined by two parameters, the mass of the neutron and a dimensionless number: Q = 2 / 9. Nuclear reactions are interpreted with the excitation levels of the atomic-nuclear oscillators.
Unwanted Cultural Heritage of the Republics of the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Dašić Dejan
Published: January 2023

The subject of this paper is the systematic destruction and the current state of monuments to the national liberation struggle in the former Yugoslavia. The aim of the paper is to point out the fact that after the breakup of the former Yugoslavia in 1990, in all republics, to a greater or lesser extent, deliberate neglect or targeted destruction of cultural heritage created in the period between 1945–1990. Monuments erected to commemorate the anti-fascist struggle in the Second World War are desecrated, neglected or demolished. For the purposes of this article, the secondary data sources have been used, including information available on the Internet, daily newspapers, as well as in the relevant literature on. The method of qualitative data analysis was applied. In addition to the above, the paper will use relevant examples on the topic of destruction of monuments. The politicization, revision and mythologizing of history in our time is particularly expressed in the way we treat cultural heritage. There are positive examples of restoration of demolished monuments from that period, but for now it is still not enough.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Advances and Applications in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Kizub Igor , Rozhok Andrii , Bilousova Ganna
Published: January 2023

Reprogramming adult somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through the ectopic expression of reprogramming factors offers truly personalized cell-based therapy options for numerous human diseases. The iPSC technology also provides a platform for disease modeling and new drug discoveries. Similar to embryonic stem cells, iPSCs can give rise to any cell type in the body and are amenable to genetic correction. These properties of iPSCs allow for the development of permanent corrective therapies for many currently incurable disorders. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in the iPSC field with a focus on potential clinical applications of these cells.
Spontaneous Volunteers in Emergencies and Disasters
Authors: Yükseler Mustafa , Yazgan Jale
Published: January 2023

Spontaneous volunteers are often involved in response and relief efforts during and after emergencies and disasters. These volunteers perform various tasks: search and rescue, first aid, response to fires, distributing food and water, cleaning debris, and caring for animals. It is clear that spontaneous volunteers have played a vital role in preventing the loss of life and property following emergencies and disasters in the past. However, the lack of organization and knowledge about emergencies and disasters among these volunteers creates challenges and risks like liability and security issues. These factors make professional responders reluctant to use spontaneous volunteers in emergencies and disasters. By completing a literature review on the benefits, challenges, and risks of spontaneous volunteers in emergency and disaster response and relief activities, we aim that this study will speed up the fundamental studies on the topic. Creating strategies for these volunteers’ efficient usage and incorporating them into the current emergency and disaster management systems can significantly reduce disaster risks.
Software Development Management
Authors: Patel Rahul
Published: January 2023

The software development and management (SDM) practice helps organizations to ensure that their software products are developed methodically and delivered in accordance with the stakeholders’ requirements. The main purpose of the SDM is to map out the management tasks and sequences them rationally. Software must be developed in a systematic manner to ensure that it is developed on time, within budget and with all functional and non-functional capabilities. SDM practice plays a significant role in ensuring that the software is developed in a systematic manner, traditionally using the models such as waterfall model, agile model, and V-model. There are many modern software development models such as DevSecOps that extends the capability of existing models and makes it more cloud friendly. Web-based development and delivery of software applications as well as Low-Code/No-Code (LCNC) are becoming increasingly popular and valuable due to availability of tools and technology for SDM. Selecting the right model for developing software ensures that all the disciplines of that model are implemented and monitored during the SDM process. Hence, SDM practices strategically manage how software is being developed, tested, and deployed and creates the business value for the stakeholders.
Correlation Between Auditory-Perceptual Parameters and Acoustic Characteristics of Voice in Theater Actors
Authors: Arabi Ali , Tarameshlu Maryam , Behroozmand Roozbeh , Ghelichi Leila
Published: January 2023

Background: Theater actors are a subgroup of professional voice users who may present their performances at a high-pressure vocal demand, like loud talking, shouting, or even stage singing. Disturbances in auditory-perceptual or acoustic parameters of voice are commonly experienced by theater actors and are known as a frequent occupational hazard for them. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between auditory-perceptual and acoustic parameters of the voice in Iranian theater actors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 45 Iranian theater actors, including 22 females and 23 males, with a mean age of 30.76 ± 7 years. The auditory-perceptual evaluation was performed using the Persian version of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V). Acoustic characteristics, including mean fundamental frequency (F0), local shimmer, local jitter, and harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), were extracted from the subjects’ “speech sample.” Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between the measures of auditory-perceptual and acoustic voice characteristics. Results: The overall auditory-perceptual severity was negatively correlated with mean F0 (r = -0.592, P < 0.05) and HNR (r = - 0.324, P < 0.05). Roughness was also negatively correlated with voice mean F0 (r = -0.629, P < 0.05) and HNR (r = -0.322, P < 0.05) and positively correlated with voice local jitter (r = 0.310, P < 0.05). We also found that pitch was negatively correlated with voice mean F0 (r = -0.309, P < 0.05) and positively correlated with voice local jitter (r = 0.292, P = 0.050). Conclusions: Acoustic measures, including F0, HNR, and jitter, correlate with auditory perceptual parameters of the voice quality in Iranian theater actors. These findings highlight the significance of acoustic parameters in assessing voice quality in professional voice users such as theater actors.
Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanımına Yönelik Bilgi-Tutum Ölçeğinin Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Çelebi İsmet , Gün İskender
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı akılcı antibiyotik kullanılmasına yönelik bilgi ve tutumu gösteren bir ölçek geliştirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik bilgi-tutum ölçeklerinin geliştirilmesi sürecinde Cohen ve Swerdlik (2009) tarafından literatüre kazandırılan beş aşamalı ölçek geliştirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ölçek madde havuzu oluşturulduktan sonra kapsam geçerliliği için uzman görüşü alınmıştır. Yapı geçerliliği için açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve son aşamada ortaya çıkan ölçek maddelerinin uygunluğu için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. İki aşamada veri toplanmış ve birinci aşamada 351, ikinci aşamada 529 kişi araştırmaya katılmıştır. Çalışma grubu 1 üzerinden yapılan AFA için SPSS 21,0 programı, çalışma grubu 2 üzerinden yapılan DFA için LISREL 8,8 paket programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan AFA sonucu bilgi soruları için 14 madde, tutum soruları için toplam 16 maddeden oluşan ön ölçek oluşmuştur. Sonrasında yapılan DFA ile bilgi sorularından iki tanesinin t değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı için bu sorular ön ölçekten çıkartılmıştır. Böylece madde sayısı 12’ye düşmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen ölçeğin Cronbach alfa katsayısı bilgi ölçeği için 0,87, tutum ölçeği için 0,89 olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada yetişkin bireylerin akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik bilgi ve tutumlarını belirlemek için ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Ölçek antibiyotik bilgisi ile ilgili 12, antibiyotik tutumu ile ilgili 16 olmak üzere toplam 28 maddeden oluşmakta olup bilgi sorularından madde 4 ile tutum sorularından madde 7, madde 12 ve madde 13 ters puanlanmıştır.
The Relationship between Microfinance Saving Services and SMEs Growth in Kenya: A Case Study of Manyatta Sub-Location, Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Okoth Denis , Ogweno Jacob O , Okeyo Churchill
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between microfinance saving services and Small and Medium Enterprises’ growth in Manyatta Sub-County-Kisumu County. 
Methodology: The research was anchored on the classic microfinance theory of change. The study employed correlation research design. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, with a population size of 2500 small and medium enterprises. Using probability sampling technique, a sample size of 71 respondents was drawn from owners of the small and medium enterprises. Primary data was collected by administering questionnaires, observations and interviews and secondary data was collected from relevant books, journals and periodicals. Data was presented using frequency tables. The data was for the period 2011 to 2015. The test-retest coefficient was obtained to establish reliability of the research instruments as established by Fishers’ 0.7 coefficients.
Findings: The study found that the correlation coefficient between loan amount and problem servicing loan was (r = -0.299), favorable interest rates and income was (r = 0.322), favorable interest rates and profit was (r = 0.272). Also, favorable interest rates and loan investment was (r = 0.292) implying that there was statistical significance. The study also found out that the correlation coefficient between savings expand business and business expanded after one year was (r =0.385), profits and income was (r =0.369), income and investment was (r =0.321). This showed that there existed a relationship.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there exist a positive effect of Microfinance saving services on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Manyatta Sub-County in Kisumu County, Kenya.
Recommendations: The study recommends MFIs to offer financial training to assist SMEs in understanding the importance of savings to scale up economic growth. The study also recommends further research to establish more facts between savings and economic growth.
IMPLEMENTASI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PADA PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM DETEKSI LIMBAH INDUSTRI PRODUK KULIT OTOMATIS
Authors: Eka Legya Frannita  , Naimah Putri  , Mochammad Charis Hidayahtullah
Published: January 2023

Rapid globalization has led to the growth of a significant amount of waste, including in the industry. Due to the considerable amount of growth of waste every year, effective and efficient waste management is needed to protect our environment. In the leather product industry, waste management is strongly important since it may have a significant impact to the employee and production process. Regarding those issues, waste management technology is considered proposed in order to solve those problems. Current research reported the outstanding work of implementing artificial intelligence for detecting and recognizing industrial waste. Artificial intelligence was proven to be a highly recommended approach that is able to classify several waste types with outstanding performance. Regardless of those facts, artificial intelligence still remains several hurdles, such as the high computational demands, especially for deep learning networks. Regarding the mentioned issue, we proposed a more proper deep learning network for recognizing industrial waste. In this research work, we use Single Shot Detector (SSD) to recognize and classify industrial waste. Our proposed solution was performed in the TrashNet dataset and Waste Picture dataset. Our proposed solution successfully achieve mAP of 0.8813, accuracy of 0,9795, precision of 0,9985 and recall of 0,9693 in the training process. Whereas, in the testing process we achieve average accuracy of 0,8254. According to those results, we can conclude that our proposed solution is suitable for industrial waste detection and has potential to be implemented as an embedded system for recognizing industrial waste automatically.
Nonsalivary Primary Adenocarcinomas of the Base of the Tongue: A Single Tertiary-Care Oncology Center Series of 6 Cases
Authors: Yadav Subhash , Mittal Neha , Rane Swapnil U. , Bal Munita , Patil Asawari , Ankathi Suman Kumar , Nair Deepa
Published: January 2023

Context.—

Nonsalivary primary adenocarcinomas of the base of the tongue (PABOTs) are extremely rare and worth reporting.

Objective.—

To study the detailed clinicopathologic features of PABOT.

Design.—

Cases of PABOT diagnosed on pathology material were retrieved from the archived electronic surgical pathology records.

Results.—

Six cases in 4 men and 2 women (M:F ratio, 2:1), with an age range of 31 to 76 years, satisfied the criteria. The tumor epicenter was the base of the tongue in all (6 of 6; 100%), with extension to the epiglottis in 50% (3 of 6), nodal metastasis in 66.7% (4 of 6), and distant metastasis in 33.3% (2 of 6). On histology, all but one were pure adenocarcinoma. Five of 6 cases (83.3%) had a gastrointestinal (GI) phenotype, of which 2 (40%) had a colonic/lower-GI–type (small groups of cells floating in mucin, CK20+, SATB2+, and CDX2+) and 3 (60%) had an upper-GI–like adenocarcinoma (UGI-LA; malignant glands with intracellular mucin, CK7+) histology. Cystic structure suggestive of teratomatous origin was identified in 2 of 5 cases (40%), both with UGI-LA phenotype. The non–GI-type case had a unique histology with squamous differentiation in addition to adenocarcinoma areas, diffuse nuclear β-catenin on immunohistochemistry, and a corresponding exon 3 CTNNB1 mutation. One patient succumbed to disease, and 4 are alive with disease (follow-up of 1–9 months after completion of therapy).

Conclusions.—

We suggest using the broad term primary adenocarcinomas of the base of tongue (PABOTs), which can be further subdivided into colonic-type adenocarcinoma of the tongue and oral cavity, UGI-LA, and not otherwise specified categories, and reiterate a need for recognition and distinction of PABOT from salivary gland tumors. A subset originates from teratoid/duplication cysts, necessitating extensive sampling. Multicentric studies are essential to clinically and biologically prognosticate each of these categories.
Whole Mitochondrial Genome Analysis in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Reveals Unique Tumor-Specific Somatic Mutations
Authors: Kim Moon-Young , Kim Hajin , Sung Jung-A , Koh Jaemoon , Cho Sohee , Chung Doo Hyun , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Lee Soong Deok
Published: January 2023

Context.—

Mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA have been suggested to play a role in cancer initiation and progression. Knowledge of mitochondrial DNA could provide a breakthrough to advance cancer management.

Objective.—

To identify the mitochondrial DNA landscape in non–small cell lung carcinoma.

Design.—

The adenocarcinoma set consisted of 365 pairs of adenocarcinomas and normal lung tissues, whereas the metastasis set included 12 primary non–small cell carcinomas, 15 metastatic tumors, and their normal counterparts. Tumor-specific somatic variants were identified, and if a variant showed heteroplasmy, the proportion of minor alleles was evaluated. Variants with greater than 10% change in allele frequency between tumor and normal pairs were identified as “heteroplasmic shifts.”

Results.—

Tumor-specific variants appeared throughout the whole mitochondrial genome, without a common hot spot. Distinct variant profiles were seen in 289 (79.18%) of all individual adenocarcinomas. The presence of a unique profile and the number and loading of heteroplasmic shifts in tumors increased with higher stage or lymph node metastasis, and were related to shorter survival. In the metastasis set, the primary tumor variants were generally found in metastatic tumors.

Conclusions.—

This study shows that somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations present with diverse locations and unique profiles in each individual tumor, implying their clinicopathologic utility.
Pathology Job Search and Interview: Perspectives on the United States Experience
Authors: Singh Gurmukh , Savage Natasha M. , Bollag Roni J. , Booker David
Published: January 2023

Context.—

Pathology training is focused on the attainment of clinical, diagnostic, and administrative skills. Preparation for employment search and the interview process are often neglected. Given that a near majority of pathology trainees in the United States are graduates of foreign medical schools, training in the job search and interview process according to local customs, norms, and expectations has greater salience for individuals new to the United States.

Objective.—

To offer perspectives on 2 components of the job search process: (1) finding a suitable job opening in academic and private practice settings and (2) preparing for an interview. We have provided a set of common interview questions and suggested preparatory methodology. The differences in the process and expectations in academic settings and private practice operations are highlighted. Engaging in the job search process early and networking are emphasized. We have also suggested approaches for pathology teachers and mentors in guiding trainees in a job search and preparation for an interview.

Data Sources.—

The information and opinions expressed in this communication are based on the personal experiences of 4 senior pathologists in academic and private practice settings.

Conclusions.—

Start networking early. Leverage contacts with teachers, attending pathologists, senior residents, and people at national meetings to locate appropriate job opportunities. Seek assistance from attending pathologists in preparing a curriculum vitae and cover letter. Prepare for the questions that may come up in an interview. A dress rehearsal for an interview is strongly recommended.
Optimal endoscopic drainage strategy for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Naitoh Itaru , Inoue Tadahisa
Published: January 2023

Endoscopic biliary drainage strategies for managing unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction differ in terms of stent type, drainage area, and deployment method. However, the optimal endoscopic drainage strategy remains unclear. Uncovered self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are the preferred type because of their higher functional success rate, longer time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), and fewer cases of reintervention than plastic stents (PS). Other PS subtypes and covered SEMS, which feature a longer time to RBO than PS, can be removed during reintervention for RBO. Bilateral SEMS placement is associated with a longer time to RBO and a longer survival time than unilateral SEMS placement. Unilateral drainage is acceptable if a drainage volume of greater than 50% of the total liver volume can be achieved. In terms of deployment method, no differences were observed in clinical outcomes between side-by-side (SBS) and stent-in-stent deployment. Simultaneous SBS boasts a shorter procedure time and higher technical success rate than sequential SBS. This review of previous studies aimed to clarify the optimal endoscopic biliary drainage strategy for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction.
Fostering Flexibility Using Comparing Solution Strategies and Classroom Discussion: Effects of Two Professional Development Programs
Authors: Rüede Christian , Mok Sog Yee , Staub Fritz C.
Published: January 2023

This article shows that enabling teachers to integrate comparing solution strategies into their teaching fosters student flexibility in algebra. We designed two professional development (PD) programs that either focused exclusively on comparing solution strategies, or additionally introduced the accountable talk approach to guiding productive classroom discussions. The effects of both PD programs were investigated in an experimental field study (N = 39 teachers, 739 students). In both experimental groups, student posttest gains in strategy flexibility and procedural knowledge were greater than in the control group. The accountable talk group also increased conceptual knowledge. Significant effects in strategy flexibility were still observed 2.5 months later. We discuss recommendations for PD programs to foster flexibility in algebra using comparing.
NCTM’s Activity Gems for the Classroom
Authors: Day Roger
Published: January 2023

Ear to the Ground features voices from several corners of the mathematics education world.
Factors Influencing NGO Activities: Lithuanian Case Study
Authors: Stasiukynas Andrius , Šukvietienė Aušra , Sudnickas Tadas
Published: January 2023

The article aims to explore the external and internal factors influencing the activities of NGOs, in Lithuania. A qualitative empirical study was conducted (10 expert surveys) on this issue, what are the factors that help and hinder the activities of NGOs in Lithuania. The study allowed us to identify groups of factors positively influencing the activities of NGOs: human skills; infrastructure, as well as the organisation's relationship with public authorities, the hindering factors were also identified: the application of contracting authority status to NGOs; "activities in the public interest" interpretation; peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. The most relevant groups of NGO activity problems and related legal acts were distinguished: application of the contracting authority status to NGOs (Law on Public Procurement of the Republic of Lithuania); Interpretation of “activities in the public interest” (STI material. Peculiarities of taxation of non-profit organizations; etc. legislation); application of corporate income tax to non-profit organizations (Law on Corporate Income Tax of the Republic of Lithuania).
Proceso de reflexión con docentes de Ciencias Naturales mediante una comunidad de prácticas
Authors: Fernández-Marchesi Nancy , Acosta-Beiman Gisela Vanina , Almirón Flavia Andrea
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es describir y categorizar las reflexiones sobre sus propias prácticas de un grupo de profesores y profesoras de Ciencias Naturales de nivel secundario de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Se llevó a cabo durante dos meses un taller de elaboración de secuencias didácticas, en el marco de una comunidad de prácticas. Al finalizar se les aplicó una entrevista en profundidad. Los resultados han evidenciado reflexiones de diversa índole: de formación inicial, de condiciones laborales y familiares y ciertas dificultades para salir de su zona de confort. A su vez, demandan espacios de reflexión colectiva entre pares y con docentes más expertos para poder formular sus propuestas didácticas, así como también fortalecer equipos de trabajo institucionales que permitan la construcción colectiva de propuestas de enseñanza comprometidas con los contextos existentes.
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en el currículo escolar según la experiencia del alumnado en el prácticum II de Magisterio
Authors: Sebastià Alcaraz Rafael , Tonda Monllor Emilia María , García Rubio Juan
Published: January 2023

La finalidad de la investigación es comprobar si realmente los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) tienen presencia en las aulas y en la formación del alumnado en prácticas del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria. Para ello, 69 estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Alicante, distribuidos en 25 centros educativos durante el curso 2021-22, han respondido a un cuestionario para constatar si se han incluido los ODS en la documentación de los centros educativos y si se incorporan en las asignaturas. El cuestionario también recoge datos sobre la forma de comunicar los ODS, y materiales y recursos didácticos que se utilizan en la enseñanza de la Geografía. La principal conclusión obtenida es que en los centros escolares todavía queda mucho camino por recorrer en la incorporación de los ODS a la documentación oficial, y que su tratamiento queda reservado particularmente para el área de Ciencias Sociales (Conocimiento del Medio).
The Сrisis of Municipal Banks in the Russian Empire in the 1880s: A Financial Stability Analysis of Historical Data
Authors: Salomatina Sofya , Bozhinov Anzhel Bozhidarovich
Published: January 2023

This study deals with the causes of the crisis of municipal banks in the Russian Empire in the 1880s. The focus is on the most difficult years of 1882–1887, when 39 banks were closed. In total, 60 out of 287 banks (more than 20%) left the market between 1878 and 1893. Municipal banks were accountable to city councils, which were responsible for these banks’ operations; therefore, their success or failure had a serious impact on cities’ fortunes. This study is based on the public accounting statements of municipal banks from 1877–1894. Through a financial analysis, it proves that the crisis was largely caused by the weak stability of the banks’ operations. Many banks did not employ sufficient care to insure the risks of their operations in case of a possible crisis, throwing an excessively large proportion of their highly liquid assets into circulation. This behavior left them virtually defenseless against a panic withdrawal of deposits. Similar trends were observed in many banks, but the surviving banks were on average more conservative than those that eventually closed during the crisis. By the mid-1890s, the financial stability of municipal banks had markedly improved, which was largely the result of tightening regulations.
Markdown File Converter to LaTeX Document
Authors: Nuriev Marat Gumerovich , Belashova Elena Semenovna , Barabash Konstantin Alekseevich
Published: January 2023

Common text editors such as Microsoft Word, Notepad++ and others are cumbersome. Despite their enormous functionality, they do not eliminate the risk of incorrectly converting the document, for example, when opening the same Word files on older or, conversely, newer versions of Microsoft Word. The way out is the use of markup languages, which allow you to mark up text blocks in order to present them in the desired style. Currently, very popular are LaTeX (a set of macro-extensions of the TeX typesetting system) and Markdown (a lightweight markup language, designed to denote formatting in plain text). So the question of converting a Markdown document into a LaTeX document is relevant. There are various tools to convert Markdown files to LaTeX document, such as Pandoc library, Markdown.lua, Lunamark and others. But most of them have redundant steps to generate the output document. This paper highlights a solution method by integrating a Markdown file into a LaTeX document, which will potentially reduce the output document generation time unlike existing solutions. The developed Markdown to LaTeX document converter will automatically generate the output document and reduce the possibility of errors when manually converting text from Markdown format to LaTeX format.
Emotionality in Verbal Intercultural Communication
Authors: Abakumova Olga Vasilevna , Velichkova Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to intercultural communication at the level of sounding speech, the parameters of which actively influence the communication situation. When carrying out intercultural communication, it is necessary to be informed about the parameters of sounding foreign language speech in the emotional aspect. Speech parameters can give additional shades or meanings to an utterance, including those opposed to the meaning of the linguistic units that make it up. To express emotional states, each language has a set of national-specific means capable of coloring an utterance regardless of its lexical content. National – specific features of a neutral style of speech determine its emotional perception by native speakers of another language. Differential signs of communicative types of utterances carry important information about the completed or progressive nature of the utterance, which may require the inclusion of lexical means during interpretation. The analysis is carried out at the level of rhythmic parameters and melodic signs (characteristics of the main stressed syllables) on the material of three languages: Russian, German, Spanish. Comparative studies in the communicative aspect are becoming relevant. However, in setting goals, the ignoring of the regularities of the sounding reality continues, which is largely facilitated by the insufficiently developed mechanism for studying this phenomenon. In the situation of intercultural oral communication, the parameters of the sounding speech actively influence the communication situation. This area is little described from the point of view of intercultural dialogue. Experimental data confirm the propositions put forward about the emotional nature of the perception of foreign language speech. At the same time, two aspects can be distinguished: 1. the signs of emotionally colored foreign language speech can be perceived with different, sometimes opposite emotional meanings; 2. violations of the systemic linguistic signs of foreign-sounding speech, primarily the differential signs of intonations responsible for characterizing the communicative types of utterance (completeness, interrogativeness, progrediency), are perceived in an emotional way.
Barbara Bray (1924-2010) comme médiatrice interculturelle à la BBC de 1953 à 1972
Authors: Sardin Pascale
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on Barbara Bray, an English woman of letters who worked for several decades with the BBC as a translator and adaptor of plays and novels for radio, but also as critic and scriptwriter. Evidence found at the BBC Written Archives Centre reveals that Bray was very vocal about her rights as a multitasking cultural agent: when she didn’t fight for better fees, she demanded that the variety of skills involved in her work as an intercultural intermediary be recognized and fairly remunerated by BBC officials. The article looks at how Bray adapted the nouveau roman Moderato Cantabile by Marguerite Duras (1958) and shows how Bray fought to have her work as a literary scout recognized by the BBC.