bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A practical application of statistical process control to evaluate the performance rate of academic programmes: implications and suggestions
Authors: Gessa Ana , Marin Eyda , Sancha Pilar
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to properly and objectively assess the students’ study progress in bachelor programmes by applying statistical process control (SPC). Specifically, the authors focused their analysis on the variation in performance rates in business studies courses taught at a Spanish University.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative methodology was used, using an action-based case study developed in a public university. Previous research and theoretical issues related to quality indicators of the training programmes were discussed, followed by the application of SPC to assess these outputs.

Findings

The evaluation of the performance rate of the courses that comprised the training programs through the SPC revealed significant differences with respect to the evaluations obtained through traditional evaluation procedures. Similarly, the results show differences in the control parameters (central line and control interval), depending on the adopted approach (by programmes, by academic year and by department).

Research limitations/implications

This study has inherent limitations linked to both the methodology and selection of data sources.

Practical implications

The SPC approach provides a framework to properly and objectively assess the quality indicators involved in quality assurance processes in higher education.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the discourse on the importance of a robust and effective assessment of quality indicators of the academic curriculum in the higher education context through the application of quality control tools such as SPC.
Risk management in higher education research: a systematic literature review
Authors: Khaw Tze Yin , Teoh Ai Ping
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The growing uncertainty in the world because of economic factors, political issues, natural disasters, global COVID-19 outbreak and technological advancements, make effective risk management (RM) an essential successful strategy for various industries, especially higher education (HE) industry to overcome uncertainties for success. The purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to present a current overview of RM in HE from 2005 to 2021, with a focus on common risk management practised in HE industry, antecedents towards RM implementation and outcomes of RM.

Design/methodology/approach

The publication standard for this SLR was RepOrting Standards for Systematics Evidence Syntheses. Scopus, one of the most prominent scientific databases, was used to select articles. Only articles from the years 2005 to 2021 were studied. This study focussed on RM in the HE industry.

Findings

This review identified three main themes: common risk management practised in HE industry, antecedents towards RM implementation and outcomes of RM. An additional ten sub-themes were derived from the three main themes.

Originality/value

This paper systematically reviewed developments of RM research in HE from year 2005 to 2021, leads to a clearer understanding of RM issues in HE institutions. The findings allow interested parties to better understand RM and enables top management to create their own personalised list of drivers and implementation policies to respond to risks and uncertainties.
PESTEL analysis of mental health management of project management practitioners (PMPs) in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) project organization
Authors: Tijani Bashir , Jin Xiao-Hua , Osei-Kyei Robert
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) project organizations are under constant pressure to improve the mental health of project management practitioners (PMPs) due to complexity and dynamism involved in project management practices. Drawing on institutional theory, this research explores how external environmental factors, political factors, economic factors, social factors, technological factors, environmental factors and legal factors (PESTEL), influence mental health management indicators that contribute to positive mental health.

Design/methodology/approach

Purposive sampling method was used to collect survey data from 82 PMPs in 60 AEC firms in Australia. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses based on 82 items of data collected from PMPs.

Findings

Overall, this study revealed interesting findings on the impact of external environmental factors on mental health. The hypothesized positive association between political factors and mental health management indicators was rejected. The data supported the proposed hypothetical correlation between economic factors and mental health management indicators and the influence of social factors on mental health management indicators. Moreover, a hypothetical relationship between technological factors and mental health management indicators was supported. The significant positive impact of environmental factors on mental health management indicators proposed was supported, and legal factors’ positive correlation on mental health management indicators was also supported.

Originality/value

Despite the limitations, the present findings suggest that all the external environment factors except political factors shape mental health management outcomes.
Signatures of increasing environmental stress in bumblebee wings over the past century: Insights from museum specimens
Authors: Arce Andres N. , Cantwell‐Jones Aoife , Tansley Michael , Barnes Ian , Brace Selina , Mullin Victoria E. , Notton David , Ollerton Jeff , Eatough Emma , Rhodes Marcus W. , Bian Xueni , Hogan James , Hunter Tony , Jackson Simon , Whiffin Ashleigh , Blagoderov Vladimir , Broad Gavin , Judd Steve , Kokkini Phaedra , Livermore Laurence , Dixit Mahika K. , Pearse William D. , Gill Richard J.
Published: August 2022

Determining when animal populations have experienced stress in the past is fundamental to understanding how risk factors drive contemporary and future species' responses to environmental change. For insects, quantifying stress and associating it with environmental factors has been challenging due to a paucity of time‐series data and because detectable population‐level responses can show varying lag effects. One solution is to leverage historic entomological specimens to detect morphological proxies of stress experienced at the time stressors emerged, allowing us to more accurately determine population responses.

Here we studied specimens of four bumblebee species, an invaluable group of insect pollinators, from five museums collected across Britain over the 20th century. We calculated the degree of fluctuating asymmetry (FA; random deviations from bilateral symmetry) between the right and left forewings as a potential proxy of developmental stress.

We: (a) investigated whether baseline FA levels vary between species, and how this compares between the first and second half of the century; (b) determined the extent of FA change over the century in the four bumblebee species, and whether this followed a linear or nonlinear trend; (c) tested which annual climatic conditions correlated with increased FA in bumblebees.

Species differed in their baseline FA, with FA being higher in the two species that have recently expanded their ranges in Britain. Overall, FA significantly increased over the century but followed a nonlinear trend, with the increase starting c. 1925. We found relatively warm and wet years were associated with higher FA.

Collectively our findings show that FA in bumblebees increased over the 20th century and under weather conditions that will likely increase in frequency with climate change. By plotting FA trends and quantifying the contribution of annual climate conditions on past populations, we provide an important step towards improving our understanding of how environmental factors could impact future populations of wild beneficial insects.
Rop plays conserved roles in the reproductive and digestive processes of spider mites
Authors: Xia Xue , Peng Chang‐Wu , Ye Qing‐Tong , Bing Xiao‐Li , Hong Xiao‐Yue
Published: August 2022

Ras opposite (Rop) is known to play an essential role in regulating vesicle trafficking, including synaptic transmission and general secretion. The fundamental roles of Rop have been confirmed by the observation that null mutations in many organisms generate lethal phenotypes during embryogenesis. However, the effects of Rop during the postembryonic stages, especially in non‐model organisms, remain largely unknown. Here, we provide new data that enhance our understanding of Rop's roles in the adults of multiple species of Tetranychus spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), a class of notorious agricultural pests. Our in silico and experimental evidence demonstrated that Rop is under purifying selection and is highly conserved in Tetranychus spp. RNA interference experiments showed that Rop is required for maintaining normal fecundity but has no significant effect on survival. We further demonstrate that knockdown of Rop darkens the body color of spider mites and blocks the excretion of fecal pellets, which is likely to be related to an abnormality in the excretion of food waste in the digestive system. Overall, our findings clarify novel functions of a vesicle trafficking‐related gene in the adult stage of multiple Tetranychus species and highlight the need to evaluate the roles of essential genes in various organisms.
Analysis of the following effect of the natural enemies with Frankliniella intonsa in tea garden
Authors: Cheng Honghao , Chen Shiyan , Wu Xiaomeng , Xu Yue , Zhang Lin , Sun Jiazhao , Zhou Xiazhi , Zou Yunding , Bi Shoudong
Published: August 2022

In order to reasonably protect and utilize natural enemies for comprehensive control of Frankliniella intonsa, a systematic investigation was conducted on F. intonsa and natural enemies in tea gardens in Hefei, Anhui Province, and the spatial following effect of natural enemies on F. intonsa was studied. The semi‐variogram of natural enemies and thrips was obtained by the geostatistics method, and the correlation degree between them was analyzed by the grey correlation degree analysis method. The higher the correlation degree between natural enemies and F. intonsa, the closer the relationship between natural enemies and F. intonsa was. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between 11 natural enemies of F. intonsa in tea gardens from October 28, 2020 to November 20, 2020 and from August 22, 2021 to November 19, 2021. The top five natural enemies with the largest closeness index to F. intonsa in Huangshan Dayezhong tea garden are Oxyopes sertatus, Theridion octomaculatum, Plexippus setipes, Xysticus ephippiafus and Erigonidium graminicolum. The top five natural enemies with the largest closeness index to F. intonsa in Pingyang Tezao tea garden are Erigonidium graminicolum, Plexippus setipes, Xysticus ephippiafus, Oxyopes sertatus and Clubiona japonicola. Among the top five natural enemies in the two tea gardens, those in common are Oxyopes sertatus, Erigonidium graminicolum, Xysticus ephippiafus and Plexippus setipes. According to the summation of the closeness index and the sum of the serial numbers, the top five natural enemies closely related to the spatial following of F. intonsa in the tea gardens were Oxyopes sertatus, Plexippus setipes, Erigonidium graminicolum, Xysticus ephippiafus and Theridion octomaculatum. One of the factors closely related to the space of F. intonsa in the same tea garden was the ratio of F. intonsa to a certain natural enemy. The smaller the ratio was, the closer the following relationship was. The results of this study provide scientific basis for biological control and natural enemy protection of F. intonsa.
Does consumer demand pull scientifically novel drug innovation?
Authors: Dranove David , Garthwaite Craig , Hermosilla Manuel
Published: August 2022

Prior literature shows that stronger consumer demand leads to increased pharmaceutical R&D. However, how strong these “demand‐pull” effects are for more scientifically novel drug innovation remains unknown. We address this question using comprehensive clinical trial data that include precise characterizations of the scientific approaches used in tested molecules. We characterize scientific novelty as the number of times each approach has been used in the past. Exploiting exogenous demand variation introduced by the introduction of Medicare Part D, we find strong evidence that demand‐pull effects are markedly skewed in favor of non‐novel or “follow‐on” drug R&D.
Chilean blind spots in soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research
Authors: Marín César , Rubio Javiera , Godoy Roberto
Published: August 2022

Soil harbour up to a quarter of the world's biodiversity, substantially contributing to many ecosystem functions and processes. It is significantly important to identify the distribution patterns of soil organisms and their ecosystem functions, to support their conservation efforts and to build policy around them. This has been recently analysed at macroecological scales, but analyses at national or local scales are scarce. Here, we identify and analyse the blind spots in soil taxa and ecosystem functions data in continental Chile. A Web of Science search (1945–2020) was conducted focusing on ten soil taxa and four ecosystem functions (nutrient cycling, decomposition, water infiltration and soil respiration). A total of 741 sampling sites were obtained from 239 articles: in 49.25% of these sites, soil biodiversity was studied alone, while this percentage was 32.65% for ecosystem functions. In 18.10% of the sites, both soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions were jointly studied, a surprisingly high percentage compared to global‐scale studies. By far, bacteria/fungi and nutrient cycling were the most investigated taxa and function, respectively. Several soil taxa (Acari, Collembola, Nematoda, Formicoidea, Protista, Rotifera) were represented by just a few sampling sites concentrated in specific Chilean regions. Places like the central region (Metropolitan and Valparaíso administrative Regions), the Atacama Desert (north of the country) and the Valdivian temperate forests (La Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos administrative Regions) present the majority of studies on soil Fungi, Bacteria and nutrient cycling, reflecting the historical interests of well‐established research groups. Based on this research, we are identifying the causes of the data blind spots and inviting the Chilean soil ecology community to propose ideas on how to fill them, especially targeting less studied soil taxa and ecosystem functions in neglected regions of Chile.
Social Justice and Affirmative Action in Malaysia: The New Economic Policy after 50 Years
Authors: Lee Hwok‐Aun
Published: August 2022

Malaysia's New Economic Policy (NEP), promulgated in 1971, established a two‐pronged national social justice agenda of poverty reduction, and social restructuring or pro‐Bumiputera affirmative action. This distinction of these policy objectives must be appreciated, but various misconceptions, especially regarding affirmative action, have resulted in polarization and stalemate after 50 years of the NEP. Social justice and affirmative action must be conceptualized and evaluated with clarity and rigor, with policy objectives, mechanisms and outcomes aligned. Malaysia needs to systematically formulate a new social justice paradigm, building on the NEP and anchored on the principles of equality and fairness. In the affirmative action sphere, this framework must focus on developing capability and competitiveness, and balance identity, need and merit in the allocation of opportunity.
Effective treatment of refractory lichen planus pemphigoides with a Janus kinase-1/2 inhibitor
Authors: Moussa Anthony , Colla Themis Getsos , Asfour Leila , Bhoyrul Bevin , Sinclair Rodney D.
Published: August 2022

Lichen planus pemphigoides is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease clinically and histopathologically characterized by features of lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. We describe a case of refractory lichen planus pemphigoides successfully treated with the selective and reversible Janus kinase-1/2 inhibitor, baricitinib.
Dupilumab for treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Xia RuiYuan , Liu Jian , Su Ting , Xia JiPing , Yin ZhiQiang
Published: August 2022

This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the use of dupilumab in treating eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). Our case supports that Type 2 innate immunity might be related to EF and that T helper 2 cytokines play important roles in EF.
A novice's guide to qualitative health professions education research
Authors: Finn Gabrielle M. , Dueñas Angelique N. , Kehoe Amelia , Brown Megan E. L.
Published: August 2022

Qualitative research has long been considered the poor cousin to quantitative research. However, recently it has gained more prominence and respect, particularly within health professions education. This article aims to introduce the novice researcher to the fundamental principles of qualitative research. The objectives were (i) to understand the features of, and rationale for conducting, qualitative research, and (ii) to differentiate between the most common forms of qualitative research. In this review, we introduce the basic features of qualitative research, and describe the rationale for conducting such research. We guide researchers on how to differentiate between the most common forms of qualitative research and to take the time to acquaint themselves with research paradigms, the philosophical positions that guide how research is conducted and interpreted, before selecting the best methodology and methods. Qualitative research is rigorous, and offers deeper understanding of human experiences, context and social phenomena. We demonstrate the key considerations when selecting an appropriate methodology, ensuring that the research aim aligns with the purpose of any given methodology. The power of qualitative research should not be underestimated, but power only comes from well conducted, rigorous research. Qualitative research is not quick or easy but it has much to offer.
Facial dermatoses induced by face masks: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Justin Lim Yi Shen , Yew Yik Weng
Published: August 2022

The use of masks for infection control was common in the COVID‐19 pandemic. As numerous cross‐sectional studies have suggested a link between the use of such masks and various facial dermatoses, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies was conducted to evaluate this association, as well as potential risk factors for the development of such facial dermatoses. Observational studies were searched for in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register. Thirty‐seven observational studies with a total of 29 557 study participants were identified. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist and quality was assessed via the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale., Overall prevalence of facial dermatoses was 55%. Individually, acne, facial dermatitis, itch and pressure injuries were consistently reported as facial dermatoses, with a pooled prevalence of 31%, 24%, 30% and 31%, respectively. Duration of mask‐wear was the most significant risk factor for the development of facial dermatoses (95% CI: 1.31–1.54, p < 0.001). Overall, facial dermatoses associated with mask wear are common, and consist of distinct entities. They are related to duration of use. Appropriate and tailored treatment is important to improve the outcomes for these affected patients.
Attitudes and behaviors for understanding compliance in Greenland's Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fishery
Authors: Snyder Hunter T. , Oyanedel Rodrigo , Sneddon Christopher S. , Scheld Andrew M.
Published: August 2022

Noncompliance is a central challenge for conservation, but in settings with limited access to behavioral data, it can be difficult to evaluate what drives compliance. Conservationists can measure and evaluate resource users' attitudes, and in so doing, leverage a complementary, nonbehavioral measure for evaluating compliance. In Greenland, wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fishers are under increasing regulatory pressure to report salmon catch because the majority of North Atlantic salmon stocks are classified as suffering. The objective of this study is to measure salmon catch reporting compliance, reporting behavior, and attitudes toward Greenland's salmon management. We surveyed Greenland's licensed salmon fishers, used an unmatched count technique to estimate the incidence of underreporting salmon catch, and linked salmon fishers' actual catch reports to their survey responses. In 2019, more than 84% of salmon fishers reported their catch and demonstrating high levels of compliance. We also found that salmon fishers did not indicate strong instrumental motivations for reporting, but exhibited moral obligations and normative, legitimacy‐based motivations to report catch. Salmon fishers found regulations to be fair, and that regulatory authorities were professional and acted honestly. Catch underreporting was also remarkably low, with 90–94% of respondents stating that they report all their catch. Joining together individuals' attitudinal and behavioral responses to conservation rules illustrates the benefits and limitations of expanding actor‐based theories of compliance. This case of already high levels of compliance offers empirical evidence for further improving fisheries compliance, and it also illustrates the limitations that fishery managers face when conserving a highly migratory species.
Evaluation of quality of diabetic foot examination on YouTube
Authors: Almaqhawi Abdullah , Highton Patrick , Narasimhan Mukund , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Seidu Samuel
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Foot ulcers and amputations are common conditions in people with diabetes and can considerably impact quality of life, necessitate a lengthy hospital stay and increase mortality. Preventative foot care and examination can prevent or delay ulceration, and individuals may seek information from publicly available social media resources such as YouTube. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the educational quality and reliability of publicly available YouTube videos on diabetes foot examinations.

Method

A YouTube search for “diabetic foot examination” was conducted, and the first 100 relevant English videos focused on examining the diabetic foot were included for evaluation. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) standards were used to measure video reliability. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and the Diabetes UK Annual Foot Check (DUK‐C) checklist were used to assess video educational quality. Differences in JAMA, GQS, and DUK‐C ratings were analysed after videos were sorted by topic and source.

Results

The mean number of views per video was 101,311.9 ± 348,383.6, and the mean video power index was 41.6 ± 170.0. The most common upload source was from physicians (28%) and, the most popular material category was diabetes foot examination (58 videos). In terms of video reliability, 36% of videos scored 0. According to the GQS standards, only 5% of the videos are of excellent quality, while 34% are of poor quality, with 24 videos scoring between 0 and 1 on the DUK‐C scale.

Conclusion

While foot care examination videos have a substantial audience, the majority are considered low in quality and reliability. Videos on comprehensive diabetic foot examination should be accessed on reputable sources that guarantee standardisations of video quality and take into account the simplification of information transmission in order to reach lay audiences.
The Social Planning Problem with Costly Information Processing: Towards Understanding Production Decisions in Centralized Economies
Authors: Naeher Dominik
Published: August 2022

It has long been argued that market economies feature an inherent advantage over centralized economies because they are subject to fewer information processing needs. However, very little work has investigated the role of these needs in explaining differences in optimal production decisions between centralized and market economies. This paper uses a rational inattention approach to study the decision problem of a social planner who faces uncertainty about households' preferences and can reduce this uncertainty by allocating scarce resources to processing information. The model shows that costly information processing has important implications for optimal production decisions, including for the trade‐off between consumption and leisure, the optimal range of different goods produced, and the role of correlated consumer preferences. Overall, the results suggest that differences in empirical production decisions between socialist and capitalist countries may be driven by the different information needs and associated costs of processing information inherent to each economic system, rather than by differences in ideology or political preferences.
Prognostic significance of left atrial strain in sarcomere gene variant carriers without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huurman Roy , Bowen Daniel J. , Mutluer Ferit O. , Loff Barreto Bernardo , van Slegtenhorst Marjon A. , Verhagen Judith M. A. , Hirsch Alexander , van den Bosch Annemien E. , Michels Michelle , Schinkel Arend F. L.
Published: August 2022

Background

Genetic testing of relatives of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients has led to a large group of genotype‐positive, phenotype‐negative (G+/Ph−) subjects. Prediction of progression to overt HCM in these subjects is challenging. While left atrial (LA) strain is reduced in HCM patients it is currently unknown whether this parameter can be used to predict HCM phenotype progression.

Methods

This study includes 91 G+/Ph− subjects and 115 controls. Standard echocardiographic parameters as well as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and LA reservoir strain (LASr) were assessed for each patient. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to investigate predictors of G+/Ph− status and HCM during follow‐up.

Results

Independent predictors of G+ status included pathological Q waves (OR 1.60 [1.15–2.23], p < .01), maximal wall thickness (MWT: OR 1.10 [1.07–1.14], p < .001), mitral inflow E wave (OR 1.06 [1.02–1.10, p = .001), A wave (OR 1.06 [1.03–1.10], p < .001), LV GLS (OR .96 [.94–.98], p < .001), and LASr (OR .99 [.97–.99], p = .03). In univariable Cox regression analysis, male sex (HR 2.78 [1.06–7.29], p = .04), MWT (HR 1.72 [1.14–2.57], p = .009) and posterior wall thickness (HR 1.65 [1.17–2.30], p = .004) predicted HCM during a median follow‐up of 5.9 [3.2–8.6] years, whereas LASr did not (HR .95 [.89–1.02], p = .14). There were no significant predictors of HCM after multivariable adjustment.

Conclusion

LASr is significantly impaired in G+/Ph− subjects and is an independent predictor of G+/Ph− status, but did not predict HCM development during follow‐up.
Herbarium specimens provide reliable estimates of phenological responses to climate at unparalleled taxonomic and spatiotemporal scales
Authors: Ramirez‐Parada Tadeo H. , Park Isaac W. , Mazer Susan J.
Published: August 2022

Understanding the effects of climate change on the phenological structure of plant communities will require measuring variation in sensitivity among thousands of co‐occurring species across regions. Herbarium collections provide vast resources with which to do this, but may also exhibit biases as sources of phenological data. Despite general recognition of these caveats, validation of herbarium‐based estimates of phenological sensitivity against estimates obtained using field observations remains rare and limited in scope. Here, we leveraged extensive datasets of herbarium specimens and of field observations from the USA National Phenology Network for 21 species in the United States and, for each species, compared herbarium‐ and field‐based estimates of peak flowering dates expected under standardized temperature conditions, and of sensitivity of peak flowering time to geographic and interannual variation in mean minimum temperatures (TMIN). We found strong agreement between herbarium‐ and field‐based estimates for standardized peak flowering time (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) and for the direction and magnitude of sensitivity to both geographic TMIN variation (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and interannual TMIN variation (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). This agreement was robust to substantial differences between datasets in 1) the long‐term TMIN conditions observed among collection and phenological monitoring sites and 2) the interannual TMIN conditions observed in the time periods encompassed by both datasets for most species. Our results show that herbarium‐based sensitivity estimates are reliable among species spanning a wide diversity of life histories and biomes, demonstrating their utility in a broad range of ecological contexts, and underscoring the potential of herbarium collections to enable phenoclimatic analysis at taxonomic and spatiotemporal scales not yet captured by observational data.
When the going gets tough, the tough get going: Effect of extreme climate on an Antarctic seabird's life history
Authors: Jenouvrier Stéphanie , Aubry Lise , van Daalen Silke , Barbraud Christophe , Weimerskirch Henri , Caswell Hal
Published: August 2022

Individuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in outcomes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes (life expectancy and lifetime reproduction) will vary due to individual stochasticity, that is to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understand natural variability. Interindividual differences vary across environmental conditions, hence heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favourable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.
Company name fluency and acquisition target analysis
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Yu , Huang Chia‐Wei , Lin Chih‐Yen
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the impact of company name fluency on acquisitions. We hypothesize that a company's name fluency, used by potential acquirers as a mental shortcut, influences not only its visibility to investors but also the level of interest from potential acquirers, increasing the company's acquisition probability. After correcting for endogeneity, company name fluency is positively associated with both the probability of being an acquisition target and an acquisition premium. Reasons for a higher acquisition premium for targets with higher name fluency are identified as reduced need to hire top‐tier investment banks and higher synergy.
Climate driven disruption of transitional alpine bumble bee communities
Authors: Miller‐Struttmann Nicole , Miller Zachary , Galen Candace
Published: August 2022

Pollinators at high elevations face multiple threats from climate change including heat stress, failure to phenological match advancing flower resources and competitive pressure from range‐expanding species of lower elevations. We conducted long‐term multi‐site surveys of alpine bumble bees to determine how phenology of range‐stable and range‐expanding species is responding to climate change. We ask whether bumble bee responses generate mismatches with floral resources, and whether these mismatches in turn promote community disruption and potential species replacement. In alpine environments of the central Rocky Mountains, range‐stable and range‐expanding bumble bees exhibit phenological mismatches with flowering host plants due to earlier flowering of preferred resources under warmer spring temperatures. However, workers of range‐stable species are more canalised in their foraging schedules, exploiting a relatively narrow portion of the flowering season. Specifically, range‐stable species show less variance in phenology in response to temporally and spatially changing conditions than range‐expanding ones. Because flowering duration drives the seasonal abundance of floral resources at the landscape scale, we hypothesize that canalisation of phenology in alpine bumble bees could reduce their access to earlier or later season flowers. Warmer conditions are decreasing abundances of range‐stable alpine bumble bees above the timberline, increasing abundance of range‐expanding species, and facilitating a novel and more species‐diverse bumble bee community. However, this trend is not explained by greater phenological mismatch of range‐stable bees. Results suggest that conversion of historic habitats for cold‐adapted alpine bumble bee species into refugia for more heat‐tolerant congeners is disrupting bumble bee communities at high elevations, though the precise mechanisms accounting for these changes are not yet known. If warming continues, we predict that the transient increase in diversity due to colonization by historically low‐elevation species will likely give way to declines of alpine bumble bees in the central Rocky Mountains.
Telehealth in a paediatric developmental metropolitan assessment clinic: Perspectives and experiences of families and clinicians
Authors: Esther Chan , Natalie Ong , Diana Barnett , Marie Antoinette Hodge , Suzi Drevensek , Marcia Williamsz , Natalie Silove
Published: August 2022

Background

The application of telehealth in the paediatric setting is growing, and yet, limited research has focused on using telehealth in developmental diagnostic assessment and the consumers' perceptions of their telehealth experience. This study explored parents'/carers' and staff experiences of using telehealth as part of the developmental diagnostic assessment.

Methods

Parents/carers who attended an assessment between June 2020 and July 2021 that incorporated a telehealth component within a hybrid service delivery model were invited to provide feedback about their experience of telehealth appointments at a multidisciplinary developmental assessment service. All parents were invited to complete an online survey, with a sample of families being offered a telephone interview. Staff members were invited to a focus group to explore their experiences of delivering services via telehealth. Data obtained were analysed descriptively and thematically using a mixed method of analysis. Codes were categorized, enabling facilitators and barriers to be explored.

Results

The use of telehealth in the diagnostic assessment of complex developmental disorders received high levels of acceptance from parents/carers and staff, despite having limitations such as technical issues, difficulties building rapport between families/clinicians and limited direct observations of the child. Telehealth services are perceived to reduce costs and increase flexibility, including increased ability to accommodate family needs.

Conclusions

Results demonstrated that telehealth is a highly acceptable mode of service in a developmental assessment service. The current study informs the development of a hybrid service delivery model by enhancing facilitators and reducing barriers commonly reported by consumers and provides direction for future research.

Patient or Public Contribution

Parents or carers of children who attended a tertiary paediatric assessment unit for a diagnostic developmental assessment completed the online survey and were interviewed.
Targeting inflammation and pro‐resolving mediators withAnetholea anisitaextract to improve scalp condition
Authors: Duroux Romain , Baillif Vincent , Havas Fabien , Farge Morgane , Maurin Alban , Suere Thierry , VanGoethem Emeline , Attia Joan
Published: August 2022

Objective

A critical and often‐overlooked factor that may give rise to dandruff and oily hair is the intrinsic quality of the scalpstratum corneum(SC), which is often unbalanced and susceptible to external aggressions. Addressing the inflammation element of unhealthy scalp plays an important role in promoting healthy‐looking and feeling hair. Although specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been studied in the skin to end the inflammation process and promote tissue regeneration, no studies have been provided in the scalp. This study aims to investigate SPMs expression and its role in improving scalp integrity and consequently improving hair appearance using anAnetholea anisitaextract.

Methods

The effect ofAnetholea anisitaextract was investigated in vitro on human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC), evaluating its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties by fluorescence staining and ELISA, respectively. Ex vivo measurement of the volume of human scalp sebaceous glands was performed using X‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT). The extract was then clinically tested on a population of dandruff sufferers presenting oily hair. Volunteers' sebum was collected on the scalp and analysed by LC–MS/MS or ELISA to identify SPMs and pro‐inflammatory markers. Scalp integrity was assessed by measuring the pH and the TEWL. Sebum production, dandruff and hair gloss were also evaluated.

Result

Anetholea anisitaextract reduced IL‐8 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HFDPC. Interestingly, this extract also decreased the volume of sebaceous glands as revealed by micro‐CT. This result was confirmed in vivo by a decrease in sebum production in volunteers. Moreover, SPMs were analysed and detected in the scalp for the first time. An increase in Lipoxin B4 (LxB4) and Resolvin D1 and D2 (RvD1 and RvD2) was observed afterAnetholea anisitatreatment as well as decrease in pro‐inflammatory sebum mediators expression such as PGE2, LTB4 and IL‐8. Consequently, the scalp barrier was reinforced as observed through improved transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface pH, reducing dandruff and improving hair health.

Conclusion

The present results suggest the potential of cosmetic applications ofAnetholea anisitaextract to improve scalp health by targeting inflammation pathways to decrease dandruff and improve hair condition.
At the crux of maternal immune activation: Viruses, microglia, microbes, and IL‐17A
Authors: Otero Ashley M. , Antonson Adrienne M.
Published: August 2022

Inflammation during prenatal development can be detrimental to neurodevelopmental processes, increasing the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Prenatal exposure to maternal viral infection during pregnancy is a leading environmental risk factor for manifestation of these disorders. Preclinical animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA), established to investigate this link, have revealed common immune and microbial signaling pathways that link mother and fetus and set the tone for prenatal neurodevelopment. In particular, maternal intestinal T helper 17 cells, educated by endogenous microbes, appear to be key drivers of effector IL‐17A signals capable of reaching the fetal brain and causing neuropathologies. Fetal microglial cells are particularly sensitive to maternally derived inflammatory and microbial signals, and they shift their functional phenotype in response to MIA. Resulting cortical malformations and miswired interneuron circuits cause aberrant offspring behaviors that recapitulate core symptoms of human neurodevelopmental disorders. Still, the popular use of “sterile” immunostimulants to initiate MIA has limited translation to the clinic, as these stimulants fail to capture biologically relevant innate and adaptive inflammatory sequelae induced by live pathogen infection. Thus, there is a need for more translatable MIA models, with a focus on relevant pathogens like seasonal influenza viruses.
Intra‐spective Event‐encounters in Museums: A Pedagogic Practice Among Community Art Educators in Training
Authors: Osler Trish , Sinner Anita , El Tannir Lara
Published: August 2022

This article reflects understandings of artful encounters in relation to ecologies of practice and walking with public art. Introduced as a pedagogic inquiry among art education students training to become teachers in community settings, meaningful event‐encounters transpired while walking with the museum. Navigating spaces of becoming‐with between body‐object‐environment encouraged relational positions: self as a/r/tographer, self in relation to artworks, self in relation to a museum space and self in relation to co‐participants. Visual, spoken and written responses to artworks were anchored in guiding themes and in an awareness of the artist's creative process. The resultant perceptions are defined in this case as introspective, extrospective and what may be described as intra‐spective (reflecting the experience of collaborative exploration). Participant data revealed that the exchange of interpretation becomes a meaningful provocation to one's own assumptions about an artwork. Moreover, intra‐spective practice fostered a genuine curiosity about others through the sharing of perspectives in ways that suggest such inquiry offers a pedagogic opening by enhancing focus, stimulating curiosity, and mindfully engaging reflective, affective and reflexive dispositions.
Neoliberal ideology and negative attitudes toward immigrants: Evidence from a survey and survey experiment in Japan
Authors: Igarashi Akira , Ono Yoshikuni
Published: August 2022

Existing research has emphasized that neoliberalism triggers anti‐immigrant attitudes. At the national level, this has been attributed to two context‐dependent mechanisms: the existence of radical right‐wing political parties that combine pro‐market ideology with authoritarian social conservatism, and an ethnically and racially heterogeneous environment in which immigrants are over‐identified as welfare recipients. However, these associations may not be context‐dependent because the majority of people tends to share the stereotype of immigrants as incompetent and welfare‐dependent. To test this, we used the case of Japan, where the presence of radical right‐wing parties is marginal in national politics and the size of immigrants is considerably small. By analyzing representative survey data, we showed that neoliberalism is associated with anti‐immigrant attitudes, even in Japan. Furthermore, we conducted a survey experiment in which we varied the skill level and country of origin of immigrants in vignettes. The results showed that respondents who espoused the neoliberal ideology were more sensitive to the skill level of immigrants. These respondents strongly opposed low‐skilled immigrants and in favor of high‐skilled immigrants. They were also opposed to the immigration of certain ethinic groups—Chinese immigrants. These results suggest that the association between neoliberalism and anti‐immigrant attitudes is not necessarily context‐dependent, but rather that stereotypes about immigrants facilitate the association.
Acute Care for Elders units: A model from the past or for the future?
Authors: Cleveland Jo
Published: August 2022

This Editorial comments on the article by Rogers et al. in this issue.
The effectiveness of drugs combined with individualized management for elderly patients with stage III pressure ulcers
Authors: Shao Rui , Du TingTing , Zhang YongQiang , Li Yan , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2022

Objective

To explore the effect of drugs in combination with individualized management for elderly patients with stage III pressure ulcers.

Methods

Sixty patients with stage III pressure sores at our hospital from August 2017 to December 2019 were selected as research subjects. The patients were equally divided between the study group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30) by the random number table method. All enrolled patients received drug treatment, silver ion alginate and hydrocolloid and foam dressings once every 3 days, according to the patient's wound condition to shorten the healing time. After necrotic tissue and wounds were washed with normal saline, a silver ion alginate dressing was applied and the dressing was changed once a day. The study group had individualized management based on the above drug treatment as well as exercise, nutrition, and psychological management. The pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) score and changes in the pressure ulcer area were compared between the two groups before treatment, at 1, 3, and 5 weeks of treatment. The wound healing rate was then calculated.

Results

With the progress of treatment time, the PUSH scores and pressure ulcer areas in both groups showed a significantly decreasing trend, and the wound healing rate was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The study group's PUSH scores and pressure ulcer areas were significantly lower when compared with the control group (p < 0.05) after one, three, and 5 weeks of treatment. The wound healing rate of the study group at three and 5 weeks was significantly faster than the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Based on drug therapy (silver ion alginate, hydrocolloid dressing, and foam dressing) combined with individualized exercise, nutrition, and psychological management, older patients with stage III pressure ulcers had improved therapeutic wound healing.
Survival of Clostridioides difficile spores in thermal and chemo-thermal laundering processes and influence of the exosporium on their adherence to cotton bed sheets
Authors: Tarrant J. , Owen L. , Jenkins R. , Smith L.J. , Laird K.
Published: August 2022

Clostridioides difficile spores were previously demonstrated to survive industrial laundering. Understanding interactions between heat, disinfectants and soiling (e.g. bodily fluids) affecting C. difficile spore survival could inform the optimization of healthcare laundry processes. Reducing spore attachment to linen could also enhance laundering efficacy. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of C. difficile spores to heat and detergent, with and without soiling and to investigate adherence to cotton. Survival of C. difficile spores exposed to industrial laundering temperatures (71–90°C), reference detergent and industrial detergent was quantified with and without soiling. The adherence to cotton after 0 and 24 h air drying was determined with the exosporium of C. difficile spores partially or fully removed. Clostridioides difficile spores were stable at 71°C for 20 min (≤0·37 log10 reduction) while 90°C was sporicidal (3 log10 reduction); soiling exerted a protective effect. Industrial detergent was more effective at 71°C compared to 25°C (2·81 vs 0·84 log10 reductions), however, specifications for sporicidal activity (>3 log10 reduction) were not met. Clostridioides difficile spores increasingly adhered to cotton over time, with 49% adherence after 24 h. Removal of the exosporium increased adherence by 19–23% compared to untreated spores. Further understanding of the role of the exosporium in attachment to cotton could enhance spore removal and aid decontamination of linen.