bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Conscription of Greek Ottomans into the Sultan's Army, 1908–1912
Authors: Peçe Uğur Z.
Published: July 2020

With the reinstatement of the parliament in 1908, the Ottoman state faced new challenges connected to citizenship. As a policy to finally make citizens equal in rights as well as duties, military conscription figured prominently in this new context. For the first time in Ottoman history, the empire's non-Muslims began to be drafted en masse. This article explores meanings of imperial citizenship and equality through the lens of debates over the conscription of Greek Ottomans, the largest non-Muslim population of the Ottoman Empire. In contrast to the widespread suggestion of the Turkish nationalist historiography on these matters, Greek Ottomans and other non-Muslim populations enthusiastically supported the military service in principle. But amidst this general agreement was a tremendous array of views on what conscription ought to look like in practice. The issue came to center on whether Greek Ottomans should have separate battalions in the army. All units would eventually come to be religiously integrated, but the conscription debates in the Ottoman parliament as well as in the Turkish and Greek language press reveal some of the crucial fissures of an empire as various actors were attempting to navigate between a unified citizenship and a diverse population.
Subsidising rice and sugar? The Public Distribution System and Nutritional Outcomes in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: BARTELL JANITA , FLEDDERJOHANN JASMINE , VELLAKKAL SUKUMAR , STUCKLER DAVID
Published: July 2020

India’s main food and nutrition security programme, the Public Distribution System (PDS), provides subsidised rice and sugar to deprived households. Using longitudinal data from Young Lives for Indian children (n = 2,944) aged 5 to 16 years, we assessed whether PDS subsidies skewed diets towards sugar and rice consumption, increasing risk of stunting (low height-for-age). Linear regression models were used to quantify additional rice and sugar consumption associated with accessing the PDS, and the association with stunting linked to consumption. Controlling for sociodemographics, accessing the PDS was positively, significantly associated with consumption of rice (30g/day) and sugar (7.05g/day). There was no evidence that this increase corresponded to nutritional improvements. Each 100g increase in daily rice intake was associated with a lower height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and no decline in stunting. Results were robust to alternative model specifications. There was no evidence that receipt of PDS rice and sugar was associated with improvements in child nutrition.
A Comparison of Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement Strategies with Intra-Arterial Measurement
Authors: Rebesco Matthew R. , Pinkston M. Cornelia , Smyrnios Nicholas A. , Weisberg Stacy N.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

It is difficult to obtain an accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement, especially in the prehospital environment. It is not known fully how various BP measurement techniques differ from one another.

Study Objective:

The study hypothesized that there are differences in the accuracy of various non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement strategies as compared to the gold standard of intra-arterial (IA) measurement.

Methods:

The study enrolled adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with radial IA catheters placed to measure radial intra-arterial blood pressure (RIBP) as a part of their standard care at a large, urban, tertiary-care Level I trauma center. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was taken by three different NIBP techniques (oscillometric, auscultated, and palpated) and compared to RIBP measurements. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test with dependent samples to detect differences between RIBP measurements and each NIBP method. The primary outcome was the difference in RIBP and NIBP measurement. There was also a predetermined subgroup analysis based on gender, body mass index (BMI), primary diagnosis requiring IA line placement, and current vasoactive medication use.

Results:

Forty-four patients were enrolled to detect a predetermined clinically significant difference of 5mmHg in SBP. The patient population was 63.6% male and 36.4% female with an average age of 58.4 years old. The most common primary diagnoses were septic shock (47.7%), stroke (13.6%), and increased intracranial pressure (ICP; 13.6%). Most patients were receiving some form of sedation (63.4%), while 50.0% were receiving vasopressor medication and 31.8% were receiving anti-hypertensive medication. When compared to RIBP values, only the palpated SBP values had a clinically significant difference (9.88mmHg less than RIBP; P < .001). When compared to RIBP, the oscillometric and auscultated SBP readings showed statistically but not clinically significant lower values. The palpated method also showed a clinically significant lower SBP reading than the oscillometric method (5.48mmHg; P < .001) and the auscultated method (5.06mmHg; P < .001). There was no significant difference between the oscillometric and auscultated methods (0.42mmHg; P = .73).

Conclusion:

Overall, NIBPs significantly under-estimated RIBP measurements. Palpated BP measurements were consistently lower than RIBP, which was statistically and clinically significant. These results raise concern about the accuracy of palpated BP and its pervasive use in prehospital care. The data also suggested that auscultated and oscillometric BP may provide similar measurements.
Faculty Perceptions of Political Science PhD Career Training
Authors: Berdahl Loleen , Malloy Jonathan , Young Lisa
Published: July 2020

In face of the ongoing discrepancy between the number of political science PhD graduates and the availability of permanent academic positions, in this article we consider attitudes of faculty members towards options to address this issue. Based on a survey of faculty members in PhD-granting political science programs at English-speaking Canadian universities, we find considerable support for both reducing the number of PhD students admitted and reforming curriculum to ensure graduates cultivate skills transferable to non-academic environments. At the same time, faculty members are inclined to believe that PhD students themselves should shoulder the greatest responsibility for career preparation.
GOVERNMENT SPENDING MULTIPLIERS IN GOOD TIMES AND BAD TIMES: THE CASE OF EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Gomes Fábio Augusto Reis , Sakurai Sergio Naruhiko , Soave Gian Paulo
Published: July 2020

We investigate the presence of nonlinear effects of government spending shocks during good and bad times in a panel of 17 emerging markets through the lens of a Bayesian panel threshold VAR model. We find that the responses of gross domestic product, consumption, investment, trade balance, real exchange rate, and real interest rates vary depending on the state of the economy. Particularly, in slump periods, both consumption and investment may respond negatively to a government purchase stimulus, unlike in normal times. Our estimated government spending multipliers are less than one in the two regimes and can be zero in bad times.
Cooperation amongst insurers on enhancing quality of care: precondition or substitute for competition?
Authors: Stolper Karel C. F. , Boonen Lieke H.H.M. , Schut Frederik T. , Varkevisser Marco
Published: July 2020

In health care systems based upon managed competition, insurers are expected to negotiate with providers about price and quality of care. The Dutch experience, however, shows that quality plays a limited role in insurer–provider negotiations. It has been suggested that this is partly due to a lack of cooperation among insurers. This raises the question whether cooperation amongst insurers is a precondition or a substitute for quality-based competition. To answer this question, we mapped insurers' cooperating activities to enhance quality of care using a six-stage continuum. The first three stages (defining, designing and measuring quality indicators) may enhance competition, whereas the next three stages (setting benchmarks, steering patients and selective contracting) may reduce it. We investigated which types of insurer cooperation currently take place in the Netherlands. Additionally, we organized focus groups among insurers, providers and other stakeholders to examine their perceptions on insurer cooperation. We find that all stakeholders see advantages of cooperation amongst insurers in the first stages of the continuum and sometimes cooperate in this domain. Cooperation in the next stages is almost absent and more controversial because without adequate quality information, it is difficult to assess whether the benefits outweigh the cost associated with reduced competition.
Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Locke Kenneth D.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.
Solar Wind Electron Parameters Determination on Wind Spacecraft Using Quasi‐Thermal Noise Spectroscopy
Authors: Martinović Mihailo M. , Klein Kristopher G. , Gramze Savannah R. , Jain Himanshu , Maksimović Milan , Zaslavsky Arnaud , Salem Chadi , Zouganelis Ioannis , Simić Zoran
Published: July 2020

Quasi‐thermal noise (QTN) spectroscopy has been extensively used as an accurate tool to measure electron density and temperature in space plasmas. If the antenna length to radius ratio is sufficiently large, a typical measured spectrum clearly shows a resonance at the electron plasma frequency and a lower frequency plateau that quantify the electron distributions. The Wind spacecraft, with its long, thin antennas, is considered the mission par excellence for the implementation of the QTN method. However, a major issue in applying QTN spectroscopy is contamination from signals other than the ubiquitous plasma noise in the vicinity of plasma frequency, affecting the measured spectra and confusing their physical interpretation. In this work, we present a new method for selecting the observations of uncontaminated QTN, distinguishing it from other plasma and spacecraft effects. The selected measurements are used to obtain accurate values for both thermal and suprathermal electron parameters. Testing of the method on 1.5M observations under various conditions in the solar wind, including slow and fast wind and solar transients, confirms the reliability and accuracy of the method with no systematic flaws.
Sea Ice Formation in a Coupled Climate Model Including Grease Ice
Authors: Mackie Shona , Langhorne Patricia J. , Heorton Harold D. B. S. , Smith Inga J. , Feltham Daniel L. , Schroeder David
Published: July 2020

Sea ice formation processes occur on subgrid scales, and the detailed physics describing the processes are therefore not generally represented in climate models. One likely consequence of this is the premature closing of areas of open water in model simulations, which may result in a misrepresentation of heat and gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. This work demonstrates the implementation of a more realistic model of sea ice formation, introducing grease ice as a wind and oceanic stress‐dependent intermediary state between water and new sea ice. We use the fully coupled land‐atmosphere‐ocean‐sea ice model, HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and perform a three‐member ensemble with the new grease ice scheme from 1964 to 2013. Comparing our sea ice results with the existing ensemble without grease ice formation shows an increase in sea ice thickness and volume in the Arctic. In the Antarctic, including grease ice processes results in large local changes to both simulated sea ice concentration and thickness, but no change to the total area or volume.
CircRNA TADA2A relieves idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting proliferation and activation of fibroblasts
Authors: Li Juan , Li Ping , Zhang Guojun , Qin Pan , Zhang Da , Zhao Wei
Published: July 2020

The excessive activation and proliferation of lung fibroblasts are responsible for the abundant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), while its specific mechanism is still unknown. This study focuses on the role of circRNA (circ) TADA2A in functional abnormalities of lung fibroblasts and aims to elaborate its regulatory mechanism. In the present study, circTADA2A was downregulated in both IPF primary human lung fibroblasts and human IPF fibroblastic cell lines. Functionally, the overexpression of circTADA2A repressed the activation and proliferation of normal human fibroblastic cell line induced by several fibrogenic growth factors. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), luciferase reporter assays, and RNA pull-down, circTADA2A was confirmed to function as sponges of miR-526b and miR-203, thus releasing the expression of Caveolin (Cav)-1 and Cav2. The overexpression of circTADA2A suppressed lung-fibroblasts activation via Cav1 and reduced lung-fibroblasts proliferation via Cav2. In vivo experiments also confirmed that the overexpression of circTADA2A decreased fibrogenic responses induced by bleomycin in lung-fibrosis mice. Collectively, circTADA2A repressed lung-fibroblasts activation via miR-526b/Cav1 and reduced lung-fibroblasts proliferation via miR-203/Cav2, thus inhibiting the excessive deposition of ECM and relieving IPF.
SCFSKP2 regulates APC/CCDH1-mediated degradation of CTIP to adjust DNA-end resection in G2-phase
Authors: Li Fanghua , Mladenov Emil , Mortoga Sharif , Iliakis George
Published: July 2020

The cell cycle-dependent engagement of DNA-end resection at DSBs is regulated by phosphorylation of CTIP by CDKs, the central regulators of cell cycle transitions. Cell cycle transitions are also intimately regulated by protein degradation via two E3 ubiquitin ligases: SCFSKP2 and APC/CCDH1 complex. Although APC/CCDH1 regulates CTIP in G1– and G2-phase, contributions by SCFSKP2 have not been reported. We demonstrate that SCFSKP2 is a strong positive regulator of resection. Knockdown of SKP2, fully suppresses resection in several cell lines. Notably, this suppression is G2-phase specific and is not observed in S-phase or G1–phase cells. Knockdown of SKP2 inactivates SCFSKP2 causing APC/CCDH1 activation, which degrades CTIP. The stabilizing function of SCFSKP2 on CTIP promotes resection and supports gene conversion (GC), alternative end joining (alt-EJ) and cell survival. We propose that CDKs and SCFSKP2-APC/CCDH1 cooperate to regulate resection and repair pathway choice at DSBs in G2-phase.
Impact of PepT1 deletion on microbiota composition and colitis requires multiple generations
Authors: Viennois Emilie , Pujada Adani , Sung Junsik , Yang Chunhua , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Chassaing Benoit , Merlin Didier
Published: July 2020

Numerous studies of knockout mice find impacts on microbiota composition that influence host phenotype. However, such differences can vanish when KO mice are compared directly to WT littermates, suggesting these differences do not reflect the genetic deletion per se but microbiota composition drifting over generations. Hence, our hypothesis that absence of di/tri-peptide transporter PepT1 altered microbiota composition resulting in resistance to colitis compelled scrutiny. In this study, we used PepT1−/−and WT founder mice bred separately for multiple generations. Such mice were then bred to each other to generate F1 PepT1−/−and WT littermates, which were then bred within their genotype to generate F2, F3, and F4, offspring. Here we report that founder PepT1−/−mice were, relative to their WT counterparts, resistant to DSS colitis. Such resistance was associated with alterations in gut microbiota, which, when transplanted to germfree mice, was sufficient to transfer resistance to colitis. Such differences were not observed when comparing F1 PepT1−/−to F1 WT littermates but rather, returned gradually over subsequent generations such that, relative to their F4 WT controls, F4 PepT1−/−displayed microbiota composition and colitis-resistant phenotype nearly identical to the founder PepT1−/−mice. Our findings indicate a role for PepT1 in influencing microbiota composition and, consequently, proneness to colitis and cancer. Overall, our study indicates that littermate-controlled experiments can be insufficient for assessing microbiota-dependent phenotypes and prevent a full comprehension of genotype-driven phenomena. Rather, impact of a single genetic alteration on microbiota and host phenotype may take generations to manifest.
Quantum chemical calculations for over 200,000 organic radical species and 40,000 associated closed-shell molecules
Authors: St. John Peter C. , Guan Yanfei , Kim Yeonjoon , Etz Brian D. , Kim Seonah , Paton Robert S.
Published: July 2020

The stabilities of radicals play a central role in determining the thermodynamics and kinetics of many reactions in organic chemistry. In this data descriptor, we provide consistent and validated quantum chemical calculations for over 200,000 organic radical species and 40,000 associated closed-shell molecules containing C, H, N and O atoms. These data consist of optimized 3D geometries, enthalpies, Gibbs free energy, vibrational frequencies, Mulliken charges and spin densities calculated at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory, which was previously found to have a favorable trade-off between experimental accuracy and computational efficiency. We expect this data to be useful in the further development of machine learning techniques to predict reaction pathways, bond strengths, and other phenomena closely related to organic radical chemistry.
High-output bending motion of a soft inflatable microactuator with an actuation conversion mechanism
Authors: Konishi Satoshi , Kosawa Hirotoshi
Published: July 2020

The improvement of soft inflatable microactuators using an actuation conversion mechanism is presented in terms of high-output generation; a bending inflatable microactuator with the conversion mechanism is designed to generate high-output bending motion. The designed microactuator consists of a pneumatic balloon on a base film and a conversion film over the balloon and ribs on the backside of the base film. A conversion film converts the inflating motion of a pneumatic balloon into a bending motion. The fabricated microactuator with a pneumatic balloon of 13 mm in diameter is 16 mm × 40 mm × 850 μm. A 25 μm thick polyimide film is used as a conversion film over the pneumatic balloon because polyimide film is both non-stretchable and flexible. An array of Si ribs (15 mm × 40 mm × 400 μm) is integrated on the backside of the base film. Analysis of the microactuators with and without the conversion mechanism indicates that the output performance is improved with the addition of the conversion mechanism, as designed. As a result, the microactuator with the conversion film generates a maximum force of 1.72 N at 80 kPa, whereas the microactuator without the conversion film generates a maximum force of 0.15 N at 40 kPa. The improved microactuator can provide 4.2 mN/mm3 as the force density. In addition to fundamental characterization, the performance characteristics of the actuators are examined by combining the fundamental results.
Monocaprin eye drop formulation to combat antibiotic resistant gonococcal blindness
Authors: Churchward Colin P. , Al-Kinani Ali A. , Abdelkader Hamdy , Swinden Julian , Siwoku Opeoluwa , Varnakulasingam Thinuba , Alany Raid G. , Snyder Lori A. S.
Published: July 2020

Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria are acknowledged as an urgent threat to human health because this species has developed resistances to all of the antibiotics used clinically to treat its infections. N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea, but also causes blindness when the bacteria infect the eyes. Infants are particularly susceptible, acquiring the infection from their mothers at birth. We have shown that the monoglyceride monocaprin rapidly kills N. gonorrhoeae and other bacterial species and is non-irritating in ocular assays. Here we show that the physical and chemical properties of monocaprin make it ideal for use in a thickened eye drop formulation to combat eye infections. Monocaprin-containing formulations were assessed using analytical techniques and for antimicrobial activity in vitro and in ex vivo infections. Monocaprin-containing formulations retained activity after three years and are non-irritating, unlike preparations of povidone iodine in our assays. A recommended formulation for further development and investigation is 0.25% monocaprin in 1% HPMC with 1% polysorbate 20.
Impaired learning from regret and disappointment in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Galandra Caterina , Crespi Chiara , Basso Gianpaolo , Canessa Nicola
Published: July 2020

The development of alcohol habits is considered a form of maladaptive reinforced learning, with sustained alcohol use resulting in the strengthening of associative links between consumption and either rewarding, or the lack of aversive, experiences. Despite recent efforts in characterizing decision-making skills in alcohol-use-disorder (AUD), it is still unknown whether impaired behavioural learning in AUD patients reflects a defective processing and anticipation of choice-related, cognitively mediated, emotions such as regret or relief forwhat might have been under a different choice. We administered a Wheel-of-Fortune (WoF) task to 26 AUD patients and 19 healthy controls, to investigate possible alterations in adjusting choices to the magnitude of experienced regret/relief, and in other facets of decision-making performance such as choice latency. AUD patients displayed both longer deliberation time than healthy controls, and impaired adaptations to previous outcome-related negative emotions. Although further evidence is needed to unveil the cognitive mechanisms underlying AUD patients’ abnormal choice, the present results highlight important implications for the clinical practice, e.g. in terms of cognitive treatments aiming to shape faulty perceptions about negative emotions associated with excessive alcohol exposure.
Capsidiol-related genes are highly expressed in response to Colletotrichum scovillei during Capsicum annuum fruit development stages
Authors: Baba Viviane Y. , Powell Adrian F. , Ivamoto-Suzuki Suzana T. , Pereira Luiz F. P. , Vanzela André L. L. , Giacomin Renata M. , Strickler Susan R. , Mueller Lukas A. , Rodrigues Rosana , Gonçalves Leandro S. A.
Published: July 2020

Capsicum annuumis one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide. Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichumspp.) is a major constraint for chili production, causing substantial losses. Capsidiol is a sesquiterpene phytoalexin present in pepper fruits that can enhance plant resistance. The genetic mechanisms involved in capisidiol biosynthesis are still poorly understood. In this study, a 3′ RNA sequencing approach was used to develop the transcriptional profile dataset ofC. annuumgenes in unripe (UF) and ripe fruits (RF) in response toC. scovilleiinfection. Results showed 4,845 upregulated and 4,720 downregulated genes in UF, and 2,560 upregulated and 1,762 downregulated genes in RF under fungus inoculation. Four capsidiol-related genes were selected for RT-qPCR analysis, two 5-epi-aristolochene synthase (CA12g05030,CA02g09520)and two 5-epi-aristolochene-1,3-dihydroxylase genes (CA12g05070,CA01g05990).CA12g05030andCA01g05990genes showed an early response to fungus infection in RF (24 h post-inoculation—HPI), being 68-fold and 53-fold more expressed at 96 HPI, respectively. In UF, all genes showed a late response, especiallyCA12g05030, which was 700-fold more expressed at 96 HPI compared to control plants. We are proving here the first high-throughput expression dataset of pepper fruits in response to anthracnose disease in order to contribute for future pepper breeding programs.
Correlation between serum IL-32 concentration and clinical parameters of stable COPD: a retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Rong Biaoxue , Fu Tian , Rong Congxue , Liu Wen , Li Kai , Liu Hua
Published: July 2020

This study was to investigate the association between serum interleukin 32 (IL-32) concentration and clinical parameters in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One hundred and sixteen patients with stable COPD and 70 healthy subjects were included in the study. The serum concentration of IL-32 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum IL-32 and clinical parameters of patients with COPD was analyzed by T-test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve. The serum concentration of IL-32 in patients with stable COPD was higher than that in healthy control group (p < 0.001) and increased serum IL-32 was positively correlated with GOLD grading (p = 0.026), mMRC score (p = 0.004) and clinical medical history (p = 0.005), but negatively related to FEV1/FVC (p = 0.001) and FEV1% predicted (p = 0.001). Patient's COPD grading (p = 0.001), clinical medical history (p < 0.001) and FEV1/FVC (p = 0.001) exerted a significant impact on serum IL-32. The sensitivity and specificity of serum IL-32 for discerning COPD patients from healthy individuals were 85.34% and 64.29%, and the area under the curve was 0.808 (p < 0.001). Increased IL-32 is involved in the chronic disease progression of COPD, suggesting that IL-32 may be a molecular biomarker that reflects the severity of COPD and contributes to the disease diagnosis.
Author Correction: Microfluidic Enrichment Barcoding (MEBarcoding): a new method for high throughput plant DNA barcoding
Authors: Gostel Morgan R. , Zúñiga Jose D. , Kress W. John , Funk Vicki A. , Puente-Lelievre Caroline
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The gamut of perspectives, challenges, and recent trends forin situhydrogels: a smart ophthalmic drug delivery vehicle
Authors: Das Beauty , Chattopadhyay Dipankar , Rana Dipak
Published: July 2020

This review precisely elaborates the different approaches that have been explored to date for the development of ophthalmic delivery vehicles based on polymers/copolymers.
Multimodal and multifunctional nanoparticles with platelet targeting ability and phase transition efficiency for the molecular imaging and thrombolysis of coronary microthrombi
Authors: Bai Sheng , Liao Jintang , Zhang Bo , Zhao Min , You Baiyang , Li Pan , Ran Haitao , Wang Zhigang , Shi Ruizheng , Zhang Guogang
Published: July 2020

In this article, we constructed PLGA-cRGD-PFH-ICG NPs through emulsification process and then the bi-modal imaging of coronary microthrombi in ischemia/reperfusion rat model and thrombolysis of clots in vitro were both successfully completed by these NPs.
Taking advantage of the aromatisation of 7-diethylamino-4-methyl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin in the fluorescence sensing of superoxide anion
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Han Jianyi , Xu Yanzhao , Gao Yongxin , Wen Hui , Cui Huaqing
Published: July 2020

DMSO is an optimal solution for in vitro O2˙− detection.
Interplay between engineered nanomaterials and microbiota
Authors: Zhang Yirong , Mortimer Monika , Guo Liang-Hong
Published: July 2020

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have a potential to modulate microbiota and induce harmful or beneficial effects in the host. However, the causal factors of ENM-induced dysbiosis remain unknown.
MnO2 as a terminal oxidant in Wacker oxidation of homoallyl alcohols and terminal olefins
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Ramakrishna Gujjula V. , Bethi Venkati
Published: July 2020

Efficient and mild reaction conditions for Wacker-type oxidation of terminal olefins of less explored homoallyl alcohols to β-hydroxy-methyl ketones have been developed by using a Pd(ii) catalyst and MnO2 as a co-oxidant.
External-photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated aerobic oxidation and 1,4-bisfunctionalization of N-alkyl isoquinolinium salts
Authors: Zhou Youkang , Liu Wei , Xing Zhiming , Guan Jiali , Song Zhibin , Peng Yiyuan
Published: July 2020

Visible-light-induced aerobic alternate transformations of N-alkyl isoquinolinium/quinolinium salts in the absence of any external photocatalyst have been developed.
Soft granular particles sheared at a controlled volume: rate-dependent dynamics and the solid–fluid transition
Authors: Tsai J.-C. , Chou M.-R. , Huang P.-C. , Fei H.-T. , Huang J.-R.
Published: July 2020

We study responses of fluid-immersed hydrogel spheres to either fixed shear rates or sudden cessations. Time-resolved stress measurements and refraction-index-matched internal imaging unveil the rich rate-dependent dynamics across the jamming point.
Bacterial nanotubes mediate bacterial growth on periodic nano-pillars
Authors: Cao Yunyi , Jana Saikat , Bowen Leon , Liu Hongzhong , Jakubovics Nicholas S. , Chen Jinju
Published: July 2020

Surface topography designed to achieve spatial segregation has shown promise in delaying bacterial attachment and biofilm growth.
Disfluency Characteristics of 4- and 5-Year-Old Children Who Stutter and Their Relationship to Stuttering Persistence and Recovery
Authors: Walsh Bridget , Bostian Anna , Tichenor Seth E. , Brown Barbara , Weber Christine
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to document disfluency behaviors expressed by 4- and 5-year-old children who stutter and to identify whether stuttering characteristics at this age are predictive of later stuttering recovery or persistence.

Method

We analyzed spontaneous speech samples from 47 children diagnosed with developmental stuttering when they were 4–5 years old. Based on their eventual diagnosis made the final year of participation in the longitudinal study when the children were 6–9 years old, the children were divided into two groups: children who eventually recovered from stuttering (
n
= 29) and children who were persisting (
n
= 18). We calculated a composite weighted stuttering-like disfluency (SLD) index of overall severity that considers the frequency, type, and number of repetition units of SLDs. The frequency and type of typical disfluencies were also examined.

Results

Higher weighted SLD scores at ages 4–5 years were associated with a higher probability of persistent stuttering. The weighted SLD also significantly discriminated between children who would eventually be diagnosed as persisting or recovered from stuttering. The frequency and type of typical disfluency did not distinguish the two groups of children; however, children who were persisting had significantly higher frequencies of part-word repetitions and dysrhythmic phonations (i.e., blocks, prolongations, and broken words) and maximum number of part-word repetitions compared to children who eventually recovered from stuttering.

Conclusions

Previous findings in younger, 2- to 3-year-old children who stutter did not suggest a relationship between the severity and type of children's SLDs and their eventual stuttering outcome. Yet, by the age of 4–5 years, we found that the weighted SLD, a clinically applicable tool, may be used to help identify children at greater risk for stuttering persistence. We propose that the weighted SLD be considered, along with other predictive factors, when assessing risk of stuttering persistence in 4- and 5-year-old children who are stuttering.
A robust two-parameter description of the stellar profile of elliptical galaxies
Authors: Sonnenfeld Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Context.The stellar density profile of a galaxy is typically summarised with two numbers: the total stellar mass and half-light radius. The total mass of a galaxy, however, is not a well-defined quantity, due to the finite depth of photometric observations and the arbitrariness of the distinction between galaxy and diffuse intra-group light. This limits our ability to make accurate comparisons between models and observations.

Aims.I wish to provide a more robust two-parameter description of the stellar density distribution of elliptical galaxies, in terms of quantities that can be measured unambiguously.

Methods.I propose using the stellar mass enclosed within 10 kpc in projection,M*,10, and the mass-weighted stellar density slope within the same aperture, Γ*,10, for this purpose. I measured the distribution inM*,10and Γ*,10of a sample of elliptical galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey, using photometry from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. I measured, at fixed (M*,10, Γ*,10), what the spread is in the galaxy surface brightness profile and central stellar velocity dispersion within the sample. As a first application, I then compared the observedM*,10 − Γ*,10relation of elliptical galaxies with that of similarly selected galaxies in the EAGLE REFERENCEsimulation.

Results.The pair of values of (M*,10, Γ*,10) can be used to predict the stellar density profile in the inner 10 kpc of a galaxy with better than 20% accuracy. Similarly,M*,10and Γ*,10can be combined to obtain a proxy for stellar velocity dispersion that is at least as good as the stellar mass fundamental plane. The average stellar density slope of EAGLE elliptical galaxies matches that of observed ones atM*,10 = 1011M⊙well, but the EAGLEM*,10 − Γ*,10relation is shallower and has a larger intrinsic scatter compared to observations.

Conclusions.This new parameterisation of the stellar density profile of massive elliptical galaxies provides a more robust way of comparing results from different photometric surveys and from hydrodynamical simulations, with respect to a description based on total stellar mass and half-light radius.
Strong high-frequency spin waves released periodically from a confined region
Authors: Zhou Zhen-Wei , Wang Xi-Guang , Nie Yao-Ghuang , Xia Qing-Lin , Guo Guang-Hua
Published: July 2020

Efficient excitation of spin waves is a key issue in magnonics. Here, by using micromagnetic simulation and analytical analysis, we study the excitation of spin waves confined in a limited region by a microwave field with assistance of spin-transfer torque. The results show that the spin-transfer torque can decrease the effective damping constant and increase the spin wave relaxation time substantially. As a result, the amplitude of the excited spin waves is increased greatly. By periodically lifting and establishing the blocking areas, strong spin-wave pulses are released from the confined region. Such generated spin-wave pulses are much stronger than traditionally excited spin waves, especially for high-frequency spin waves. Our study provides a new method to generate strong high-frequency spin waves.
Capsaicin Supplementation during High-intensity Continuous Exercise:
A Double-blind Study
Authors: Padilha Camila S. , Billaut Francois , Figueiredo Caique , Panissa Valéria Leme Gonçalves , Rossi Fabrício Eduardo , Lira Fabio S.
Published: July 2020

To investigate the effect of acute capsaicin (CAP) supplementation on time to
exhaustion, physiological responses and energy systems contribution during
continuous high-intensity exercise session in runners. Fifteen
recreationally-trained runners completed two randomized, double-blind continuous
high-intensity exercises at the speed eliciting 90%
V̇O2peak (90% s V̇O2peak), 45
minutes after consuming capsaicin or an isocaloric placebo. Time to exhaustion,
blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption during and 20-min post-exercise,
energy systems contribution, time to reach V̇O2peak, heart
rate and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated. There was no
significant difference between conditions for time to reach
V̇O2peak (CAP:391.71±221.8 vs.
PLA:298.20±174.5 sec, ES:0.58, p=0.872), peak lactate
(CAP:7.98±2.11 vs. PLA:8.58±2.15 µmol,
ES:−0.28, p=0.257), time to exhaustion
(CAP:654.28±195.44 vs. PLA:709.20±208.44 sec, ES:−0.28,
p=0.462, end-of-exercise heart rate (CAP:177.6±14.9 vs.
PLA:177.5±17.9 bpm, ES:−0.10, p=0.979) and
end-of-exercise RPE (CAP: 19±0.8 vs. PLA: 18±2.4, ES: 0.89,
p=0.623). In conclusion, acute CAP supplementation did not increase time
to exhaustion during high-intensity continuous exercise nor alter physiological
responses in runners.
Body Composition Changes after One Year in Professional Male Ice
Hockey Players
Authors: Stanzione Joseph R. , Dardarian Nyree , Volpe Stella L.
Published: July 2020

Body composition measurements remain one of the best objective ways to analyze
tissue distribution in athletes. The purpose of this study was to establish an
average body composition profile for professional male ice hockey players,
assess the yearly fluctuations of body composition after a single season, and
assess body composition changes among different positions. Body composition was
measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 36 professional male ice
hockey players. Descriptive statistics were used to determine average values. A
paired samples t-test was applied to determine differences over a one-year
period. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences between
positions, at both time points. Alpha levels were set a priori at
p<0.05. Significant increases were observed in percent body fat across
time points for all positions (p=0.019). There were significant
differences in percent body fat between positions played (p=0.012) after
one year. We demonstrated that there was low variability among the different
positions in professional male ice hockey players. Additionally, we observed how
a single year minimally influences changes in body composition. More research is
required to evaluate body composition in male ice hockey players.
Österreichische Bewegungsempfehlungen für Frauen
während der Schwangerschaft und danach, für Kinder im
Kindergartenalter und für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Ring-Dimitriou Susanne , Windsperger Karin , Felder-Puig Rosemarie , Kayer Beate , Zeuschner Verena , Lercher Piero
Published: July 2020

Basierend auf bereits dargelegten internationalen Empfehlungen werden in diesem
Beitrag die Österreichischen Bewegungsempfehlungen für Frauen
während der Schwangerschaft und danach, für Kinder im
Kindergartenalter sowie für Kinder und Jugendliche in diesem Beitrag
vorgestellt. Für Frauen in der Schwangerschaft und in den ersten Monaten
nach der Entbindung weichen die Bewegungsempfehlungen nicht von jenen der
Erwachsenen ab. Lediglich bei vorliegenden gesundheitlichen Problemen, kann es
zu Bewegungseinschränkungen kommen. Kindern unter 6 Jahren sollten so
oft wie möglich Bewegungsgelegenheiten geboten werden und sich bis zu 3
Stunden täglich mit mittlerer und hoher Intensität auf
vielfältige Weise bewegen können, um ein gesundes Aufwachsen zu
ermöglichen. In der Altersgruppe der 6 bis 18-Jährigen wird
tägliche Bewegung im Umfang von mindestens einer Stunde empfohlen. Bei
der Auswahl der Bewegungsformen sollte der Entwicklungsstand und das
Aktivitätsausmaß von Kindern und Jugendlichen beachtet werden,
um ein freudvolles überdauerndes Bewegungsverhalten zu garantieren. Die
Bewegungsempfehlungen dienen der Verbreitung im Bereich der
Gesundheitsförderung und stellen eine Grundlage für die
Entwicklung und Evaluation von gesundheitswirksamen Bewegungsprogrammen dar.
Nicht-Interventionelle Studien am Kommunalen Großkrankenhaus
und die Umsetzung der Datenschutzgrundverordnung (DSGVO)
Authors: Hach Isabel , Meseli Filiz
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund Seit 25. Mai 2018 gilt die Europäische
Datenschutzgrundverordnung und führt auch im Bereich der
wissenschaftlichen medizinischen Studien zu Veränderungen.
Nicht-interventionelle Studien (NIS) können einen wichtigen Beitrag zur
Versorgungsforschung leisten. Auch NIS benötigen nun teilweise die
Beurteilung eines Datenschutzbeauftragten vor Studienstart. Diese Arbeit
untersucht alle am Klinikum Nürnberg zwischen dem 01.April 2017 und dem
31.Juli 2019 gemeldeten NIS (mit Fremdsponsor oder eigeninitiiert). Dabei werden
die lokal zur Umsetzung der DSGVO getroffenen Maßnahmen
überprüft.

Material und Methode Alle Studien, die am Klinikum Nürnberg
durchgeführt werden, sollen ans Studienzentrum gemeldet werden. Dort
erfolgt die Koordination der Forschungsvorhaben. Neben verschiedenen anderen
Maßnahmen (Checkliste, Qualitätszirkel) wurde ein
Datenschutzbeauftragter für den Bereich Studien implementiert. Alle
registrierten NIS wurden auf die Art der Anonymysierung, die Notwendigkeit einer
offiziellen ethischen Stellungnahme (gemäß §15
BOÄ) und auch einer Datenschutzerklärung
überprüft. Die Daten wurden vorwiegend deskriptiv
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Seit Geltung der DSGVO wurden mehr NIS am Klinikum
Nürnberg gestartet (N=77 vs. N=59), v. a.
eigeninitiierte NIS nahmen signifikant zu (+84%,
p<0,01). Die Mehrzahl dieser IITS arbeitete mit absolut anonymisierten
Daten (vor DSGVO: N=28 absolut anonymisiert vs. N=4
pseudonymsiert; nach DSGVO: 51 vs.7; n.s.). 22 Studien, v. a. IITs
(86%), benötigten eine offizielle Stellungnahme des
DS-Beauftragten und verwendeten eine Patienteninformation. Nach DSGVO wurden
19% der eigeninitiierten NIS gemäß §15
BOÄ durch eine offizielle Ethik-Kommssion bewertet (vor DSGVO:
12,5%; n.s.). 1 Jahr nach Start der DSGVO lag die durchschnittliche
Bearbeitungszeit des DS-Beauftragten für eine NIS bei 10,5
Werktagen.

Schlussfolgerung Nicht-interventionelle Studien und hier v. a.
die eigeninitiierten sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der wissenschaftlichen
Forschung am Klinikum Nürnberg. Seit Wirksamwerden der DSGVO zeigte sich
eine Zunahme der eigeninitiierten NIS. Durch Standardisierung der Prozesse und
Zusatzmaßnahmen kann die DSGVO vollumfänglich
berücksichtigt werden ohne den Studienstart wesentlich zu
verzögern.
The Effects of a Cognitive Dual Task on Jump-landing Movement
Quality
Authors: Schnittjer Amber , Simon Janet E. , Yom Jae , Grooms Dustin R.
Published: July 2020

Investigations on movement quality deficits associated with jump landing are
numerous, however, these studies are often performed in laboratories with little
distraction to the participant. This is contrary to how injury typically occurs
secondary to sport-specific distraction where the athlete is cognitively loaded
during motor performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the
effect of a cognitive load on jump-landing movement quality. A dual-task design
was used to determine the effects of a dual-task on tuck jump movement quality
in 20 participants. There were three cognitive conditions (no cognitive task,
easy-cognitive task, and difficult-cognitive task). The dual task elicited
statistically significant changes in overall tuck jump score (movement quality)
across the conditions with tuck jump score increasing from 3.52±1.64
baseline to 4.37±1.25 with the easy-cognitive task to 4.67±1.24
with the difficult-cognitive task. The findings of this study may be useful to
screen for individuals at risk of lower extremity injury utilizing the tuck jump
when paired with a cognitive task. The screening would then identify individuals
who may have poor neuromuscular control when cognitively loaded.
Endoscopic Doppler probe ultrasonography for detecting blood flow at post-endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcers of the stomach
Authors: Shiratori Yasutoshi , Ikeya Takashi , Oguri Noriaki , Takasu Ayaka , Okamoto Takeshi , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: July 2020

Background and study aims The rate of early rebleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer ranges from 5 % to 38 %, despite application of preventive methods. Post-ESD rebleeding may be caused by “invisible” vessels that may not be detectable using ultrasonographic techniques. Recently, Doppler probe ultrasonography (DOP) has been used in endoscopy. Because little is known about the usefulness of DOP for decreasing the post-ESD rebleeding rate, we performed a preliminary case series study.

Patients and methods Twelve patients underwent DOP for post-ESD ulcer evaluation after visible vessel coagulation. In this study, the novel DOP system used in the vascular surgery department was used. DOP-positive invisible vessels were shown as a pulse wave on the monitor.

Results No (0 %) cases of post-ESD rebleeding occurred. Twenty invisible vessels were detected, and 13 were subjected to additional coagulation up to a depth of 3 mm. Mean DOP procedure time was 11.6 minutes (range: 8–18 minutes). In these latter cases, disappearance of the Doppler pulse wave was confirmed. No early rebleeding or other adverse events were experienced.

Conclusion DOP is a safe and feasible method for detecting invisible vessels in post-ESD ulcers. Further investigation of the clinical relevance is warranted.
Metal-Free Insertion of Sulfoxonium Ylides into Arylamines in Water
Authors: Guan Mei , Wu Yong , He Hua , Yan Kaichuan , Li Jianglian , Lai Ruizhi , Luo Yi
Published: July 2020

Carbenoid-based N–H insertions have undergone significant development with respect to C–N bond formation in recent years. However, the existing methods suffer from unstable starting materials, expensive metal catalysts and organic solvents. Herein, insertion of sulfoxonium ylides into arylamines under metal-free conditions has been developed. The method employs water as solvent at mild temperature and is amenable to the late-stage modification of structurally complex bioactive compounds.
Ultrasonication-assisted trace amount solvent synthesis of Cs4PbBr6 crystal with ultra-bright green light emission
Authors: Jiang Jintian , Wang Daoyuan , Wu Mingfang , Peng Ping , Li Fang-Fang , Liu Faqian , Jing Renwei , Ma Xuedan , Chao Yan , Xiao Zhili , Jiang Qinglong
Published: July 2020

Cs4PbBr6 crystals have been synthesized by an ultrasonication-assisted trace amount polar solvent method. The prepared green Cs4PbBr6 material was found to have high photoluminescence (PL) brightness and 10 ns PL lifetime. The prepared green light emitting device can achieve the maximum brightness of 3.8 × 109 cd/m2, which is nearly 100 times higher than a wick. The white light emitting device based on Cs4PbBr6 crystals has better performance than commercial products, which can cover 32.3% of the color gamut and achieves 107.3% coverage for International Commission on Illumination (CIE)1931 and 84.8% coverage for CIE1976.
A crossed molecular beam apparatus with multi-channel Rydberg tagging time-of-flight detection
Authors: Li Lulu , Wang Heilong , Jiao Zhirun , Li Yu , Wang Tao , Wang Xingan , Xiao Chunlei , Yang Xueming
Published: July 2020

We report a new crossed molecular beam apparatus with the H atom Rydberg tagging detection technique. The multi-channel detection scheme with 15 microchannel plate (MCP) detectors enables simultaneously accumulating time-of-flight spectra over a wide range of scattering angles (112°). The efficiency of data acquisition has been enhanced by an order of magnitude. The angular distribution of H atoms from photodissociation of CH4 at 121.6 nm was used for calibrating the detection efficiency of different MCP detectors. The differential cross section of the reaction F + H2 → HF + H at the collision of 6.9 meV was measured, demonstrating the feasibility and accuracy of this multi-channel detection method. This apparatus could be a powerful tool for investigating the dynamics of reactions at very low collision energy.