bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Breast Health Awareness Among Nurses during conflict in Yemen
Authors: Al-Naggar Redhwan , Alshaikhli Hisham
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer among Yemeni nurses during the conflict. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional design was carried out among 392 randomly selected participants. The instrument consists of 20 items, 12 general awareness statements, and 8 curability statements with a 0.711 reliability coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Most of the nurses were female (69.5%), with a mean age of 28.54, with monthly income less than 200 USD (54.3%). About 21.4% of the participants were smokers. Among all participants, the most frequently mentioned risk factor were breastfeeding, reducing the risk of breast development (86.2%), followed by physical activities lowers the developing risk of breast cancer (79.1%). Over time, the myth of the constant irritation due to the tight bra may cause breast cancer reported by women more than male nursing students. In this respect, men were better knowledgeable than women (P=0.001). Females, however, were more aware than males that women who bear their first child before 30 are more to develop breast cancer (P=0.017). Income is significantly associated with the level of knowledge among nurses. The most frequently mentioned breast symptoms among all participants were a pain in the breast (82.9%), followed by changes in the breast shape (79.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Income is significantly associated with the level of knowledge among nurses. The myth about breast cancer is dominant among nurses in Yemen. Therefore, there is an urgent need to educate nurses on breast health.
Three and Two-Dimensional Cardiac Mechanic Parameters by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography are Predictors of Outcomes In Chagas Heart Disease
Authors: Hotta Viviane Tiemi , Abduch Maria Cristina Donadio , Vieira Marcelo Luiz Campos , Vilela Andrea Andrade , Bocchi Edimar Alcides
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected infectious disease associated with early mortality and substantial disability. Three-dimensional speckle tracking (3D STE) may play a role in the evaluation of CD. We aim to characterize new echocardiographic variables in patients with CD and to assess the hypothesis that 3D STE may predict outcomes. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with CD were included. Clinical and conventional 2D and 3D STE analysis were performed. Patients were followed up for sixty months. Clinical events were defined as hospitalization for heart failure, complex ventricular arrhythmias, heart transplant and all-cause death. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were recruited and enrolled in three groups: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 0.40 (N=22); 0.40 < LVEF < 0.50 (N=10) and LVEF > 0.50 (N=30). After a Cox model analysis, the top predictors of composite endpoints were 2D LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) ≤ -11.3% (AUC=0.87), 2D LV global circumferential strain (GCS) ≤ -10.1% (AUC=0.79), 3D LV GLS≤ -13% (AUC=0.82), 3D LV area strain ≤ -16% (AUC=0.81) and right ventricle (RV) GLS ≤ -17.2% (AUC=0.78). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CD and mrLVEF were morphologically similar to the rLVEF patients despite the benign evolution as the pLVEF group. RV GLS, 2D LV GLS, 2D LV GCS, 3D LV GLS, and 3D LV area strain are strong predictors of sixty months outcomes in patients with CD.
Corn Cropping System And Nitrogen Fertilizers Technologies Affect Ammonia Volatilization In Brazilian Tropical Soils
Authors: Santos César Ferreira , Pinto Sheila Isabel do Carmo , Guelfi Douglas , Rosa Sara Dantas , Fonseca Adrianne Braga da , Fernandes Tales Jesus , Ferreira Renato Avelar , Satil Leandro Barbosa , Nunes Ana Paula Pereira , Silva Konrad Passos e
Published: November 2021

With the advance of the no-tillage system (NT system) in Brazil, the adoption of technologies for nitrogen fertilization in these soils become essential for increasing the efficiency of N use in the system. In this sense, the objective of this study was to quantify ammonia losses, N removal in grains, and with 2nd crop yield in NT system and conventional (T system) planting areas that received application of different N fertilizers and their technologies. Ammonia volatilization, N extraction in grains and corn yield in response to the application of conventional fertilizers were compared to urease inhibitors treated urea in NT and T systems. The treatments were: no-N (Control); Prilled urea (PU); urea + NBPT (UNBPT); urea + Cu + B (UCuB); ammonium nitrate (AN), and ammonium sulfate (AS). In the NT system, the N-NH3 losses were 49% greater than in the T system; without differences for corn yield. The fertilizers as AN, and AS had the lowest N-NH3 losses, regardless of tillage system. UNBPT reduced the mean N-NH3 loss by 33% compared to PU. UNBPT (1,200 mg kg-1) and UNBPT (180 mg kg-1) reduced by 72% and 22% the N-NH3 losses compared to PU in the NT system.
CD23 Mediates Innate Immunity Against Aspergillus Fumigatus Infection in Human Alveolar Macrophages Through Activation by PU.1
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Ming , Qiu Jiayong , Liu Chenyang , Lou Yao , Wang Tongsheng , Zhang Yingmin , Mao Yimin
Published: November 2021

Aspergillosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. CD23 is a novel C-type lectin receptors (CLR) recognizing α-mannan and β-glucan in the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) that exerts a host innate immune response. However, the molecular mechanism underlying CD23 mediating immunity against AF infection in human alveolar macrophages is still unclear. In this study, we detected the expression of CD23 and PU.1 and the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 by qRT–PCR, Western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis in human alveolar macrophages (AMs) with AF infection. Phagocytosis of macrophages with altered CD23 expression and histological changes in lung tissues transfected with CD23-expressing adenoviruses in AF infection were investigated. Dual luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to detect the interaction of PU.1 and CD23. The results showed that the expression of CD23, PU.1 and these inflammatory markers increased significantly with the time of AF infection. Increasing CD23 expression strengthened the phagocytosis of AMs, and exogenous CD23 attenuated pathological defects in immunodeficient mouse lung tissues with AF infection. Moreover, CD23 was directly activated by PU.1. PU.1 siRNA resulted in downregulation of inflammatory marker expression, but overexpression of CD23 significantly increased the expression of these markers. Our study concluded that CD23 mediates innate immunity against AF in human AMs through activation of PU.1. Therefore, PU.1/CD23 may be a new anti-aspergillosis therapeutic for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis with the deepening of gene therapy and its wide application in the clinic.
Pressure Distribution On A Flat Plate In The Context of The Phenomenon of The Coanda Effect Hysteresis
Authors: Skotnicka-Siepsiak Aldona
Published: November 2021

As a result of the Coanda effect, a symmetrical free jet will flow as an asymmetrical wall jet. At the same time, at the obstacle along which the flow is observed, the wall jet generates pressure distribution. In this study, the obstacle located at the diffuser outlet is a flat plate with a variable inclination angle. The article presents results of the study on pressure distributions on a flat plate with a variable angle of inclination. What is new, however, is that the presented results of the experimental research include the influence of the Coanda effect hysteresis on the pressure distribution on the plate. The article shows how pressure distributions change on the plate depending on whether the initial angle of inclination was 0 degree and was increased gradually in the course of the experiment until a detachment of the jet flowing from the plate was observed, or the initial angle of inclination was close to 90 degrees in the primal state and as the angle of the plate inclination was decreased, the jet flowing towards the plate reached the state of attachment to the plate surface.
Large invisible carbon sink potential of global clay minerals to mitigate climate change
Authors: Xi Huipeng , Bai Xiaoyong , Wu Luhua , Li Chaojun , Chen Huan
Published: November 2021

The chemical weathering of clay minerals widely distributed in the soil have great potential of carbon sink (CS), but the magnitude and influence mechanisms of this CS are unclear. Here we analyse recent changes in five major clay minerals (chlorite, smectite, mica, illite, and vermiculite) carbon sink and its driving factors, using a process-based model (PROFILE) and satellite data assimilation. We show that magnitude of CS in five major clay minerals is about 0.11 Pg C yr-1 from 0 to 2m depth of soil, which is one third of CS in rocks and also may be mainly responsible for the world's missing carbon sink. According to our simulations, the linear trend of CS during 1970-2018 showing that CS in 56% of the world increasing significantly, although the intensification of CS cannot be explained by soil moisture (SM) or soil temperature (STMP) alone, they are the dominant cause of the intensification of CS in the high latitude area and the decrease of CS in parts of the tropics, while in areas where SM is drier, STMP may weaken the former’s negative effect on CS. Besides, simulation results based on medium emission scenarios indicating that CS may increase by about 36% by the end of this century. These results highlight that a more comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and driving mechanism of the soil minerals’ CS is the key to realizing their potential as a nature-based climate solution.
First Report of Canine Bufavirus and Its Whole Genome Sequence in India
Authors: Ganji Vishweshwar Kumar , Buddala Bhagyalakshmi , Yella Narasimha Reddy , Putty Kalyani
Published: November 2021

Canine bufavirus (CaBuV), a novel protoparvovirus of dogs was reported only in Italy and China, till date. It was detected from dogs with enteric and respiratory symptoms and is distantly related to the human bufavirus. To explore the enteric prevalence of CaBuV in India, 186 diarrheic faecal samples were collected in Telangana State between 2019 and 2020. Among the samples, 4.3% (8/186) were positive for CaBuV by PCR. Co-infection with canine parvovirus CPV-2 was seen in 75% (6/8) of CaBuV positive samples. The near complete genome (4292 bp) of CaBuV was amplified and reconstructed for one isolate 407/PVNRTVU/2020. Sequence alignment indicated 93.42–98.81% homology with the other available CaBuV sequences; 70.88-73.39%, and 54.4-54.8% identity with human bufavirus, and CPV-2, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CaBuV 407/PVNRTVU/2020 was most closely related to CaBuV Chinese strains, together separated as Asian lineage. All Bufaviruses clustered together in one clade; however, the bat and sea otter parvoviruses also showed close relation with Bufaviruses. This first report of prevalence of CaBuV in India provides a good reference, emphasizes the need for further epidemiological surveillance of CaBuV in India and its role in canine enteritis.
Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Rebleeding Within Three Days After Endoscopic Hemostasis for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Authors: Lai Yongkang , Xu Yuling , Zhu Zhenhua , Pan Xiaolin , Long Shunhua , Liao Wangdi , Li Bimin , Zhu Yin , Chen Youxiang , Shu Xu
Published: November 2021

Background: Peptic ulcer bleeding remains a typical medical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Peptic ulcer rebleeding often occurs within three days after emergency endoscopic hemostasis. Our study aims to develop a nomogram to predict rebleeding within three days after emergency endoscopic hemostasis for peptic ulcer bleedingMethods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 386 patients with bleeding ulcers who underwent emergency endoscopic hemostasis between March 2014 and October 2018. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method were used to identified predictors. The model was displayed as a nomogram. Internal validation was carried out using bootstrapping. The model was evaluated using the calibration plot, decision-curve analyses and clinical impact curve. Results: Overall, 386 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled, with 48 patients developed rebleeding within three days after initial endoscopic hemostasis. Predictors contained in the nomogram included albumin, prothrombin time, shock, haematemesis/melena and Forrest classification. The model showed good discrimination and good calibration with a C-index of 0.854 (C-index: 0.830 via bootstrapping validation). Decision-curve analyses and clinical impact curve also demonstrated that it was clinically valuable.Conclusion: This study presents a nomogram that incorporates clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic features, effectively predicting rebleeding within three days after emergency endoscopic hemostasis and identifying high-risk rebleeding patients with peptic ulcer bleeding.Trial registration: This clinical trial has been registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04895904) approved by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
The Genetics and Clinical Variables of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Matched Case Control Study
Authors: Zhao Congcong , Wang Zhansheng , Lu Yuebing , Li Li , Liu Lei , Liu Jing , Sun Huiqing
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide; it is a proliferative retinal vascular disease in preterm infants. Some infants progress to severe disease despite absence of these clinical risk factors such as low birth weight, gestational age and oxygen. Genetic factors seem to have etiologic roles in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This matched case-control study examined genetic factors for ROP.Methods: Confirmed 71 severe ROP cases and gestational age, birth weight and days of oxygen therapy matched controls (1:1) were enrolled from September 2015 to August 2020. Exome sequencing was performed and accomplished by next-generation sequencing. Gene mutations on heritable retinal vascular diseases related to Norrin signaling pathway were analyzed. Results: Seven heterozygous variants in exon 2 and the 3′ UTR were identified in the FZD4 gene in 28 patients with ROP. Variants c.*3770A > T and c.*2971T > C were found to be significantly associated with ROP (P = 0.033 and P = 0.017 respectively). Screening of LPR5 revealed five heterozygous variants. The rate of variant c.575 + 6T > C was much higher in infants with ROP (P = 0.009). One variant in exon 3 (c.67-9delT) was found in the TSPAN12 gene in one infant with ROP, whereas another variant of TSPAN12, c.*1139A > T, was identified in both groups. Two variants of ZNF408, c.581_592del AGTGGTGACAGA and c.1007C > T, were found in infants with ROP, with the rate of change of the former being much higher in infants with ROP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.033 respectively). Conclusions: This study revealed genetic factors in Norrin signaling may contributed to the development and severity of ROP, which warrants further detailed investigation worldwide.
Identification of Persons Who Are Responsive To Wood Smoke Particle-Induced Airway Inflammation With Assessment of The Effect of GSTM1, Asthma Status And Sex On This Response.
Authors: Peden David B. , Zhou Laura , Burbank Allison J. , Almond Martha , Hernandez Michelle L. , Mills Katherine H , Noah Terry L. , Wells Heather , Zhou Haibo , Alexis Neil E.
Published: November 2021

Background: We are currently screening human volunteers to determine their sputum polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response 6 and 24 hours following initiation of exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP). Inflammatory responders (>10% increase in %PMN) are identified for their subsequent participation in mitigation studies against WSP-induced airways inflammation. In this report we compared responder status (N=52) at both 6 and 24hr time points to refine/expand its classification, assessed the impact of the GSTM1 genotype, asthma status and sex on responder status, and explored whether sputum soluble phase markers of inflammation correlate with PMN responsiveness to WSP. Results: In the entire cohort, we found a significant, but very small, decrease in FVC and systolic blood pressure immediately following WSP exposure and sputum %PMNs were significantly increased at 24 hours post exposure, the latter finding was also significantly correlated with sputum IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and PMN/mg; a similar response was not found at the 6 hour %PMN response. Blood endpoints in the entire cohort showed a significant increase in %PMN and PMN/mg at 6 but not 24 hours. Six-hour responders tended to be 24-hour responders and vice versa, but 24-hour responders also had significantly increased IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 at 24 hours post WSP exposure. The GSTM1 null genotype significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the %PMN response at 6 hours in the entire cohort, by 24% in the 24-hour responders and not at all in the 6 hours responders. Asthma status enhanced the 24 hour %PMN response in the entire cohort and in the 6- and 24-hour responders. Sex had no effect on %PMN response. Conclusions: The 24 hour time point was more informative than the 6 hour time point in optimally defining airway inflammatory responsiveness to WSP exposure. GSTM1 and asthma status are significant effect modifiers of this response. These study design and subject parameters should be considered before enrolling volunteers for proof-of-concept WSP mitigation studies.
Neonatal Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With Covid-19 Exposure in Two Cases From Iran
Authors: Saeedi Maryam , Mirnia Kayvan , Sangsari Razieh , Makan Zeinab Jannat , Ziaee Vahid
Published: November 2021

Introduction:Immune dysregulation following exposure to Covid-19 results in MIS-N (Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Neonates). MIS-N affects various systems in the body and is diagnosed with a positive history of PCR test, positive serologic test, and a history of contact with those vectors of COVID-19 infection. This case series aimed to differentiate from possible misdiagnosis about MIS-N.Case Presentation:Both cases are term neonates with positive serology of COVID -19 and the 2nd case with a mother's positive history of Covid-19 PCR at 30 weeks of pregnancy. The first case was admitted with diarrhea, dehydration, fever for three days, and rash on the 3rd day of hospitalization. We admitted the 2nd case on the 22nd day of birth with a cough, rashes on the head, palms, and soles for two days. Both cases responded to corticosteroid treatment that confirmed MIS-N. Finally, we discharged them with a stable and normal condition in follow-ups.Conclusions:In inflammatory syndromes, especially in delayed phases of COVID cytokine storms, the mortality and morbidity caused by infections diminish with proper interventions and inhibited cytokine cascade inflammations.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Prevention Practice on Dengue and Dengue Seroprevalence in a Dengue Hotspot in Sabah, East Malaysia
Authors: Guad Rhanye Mac , Sim Maw Shin , Wu Yuan Seng , Aung Yin Nwe , Low Wah Yun , Sekaran Shamala Devi , Azizan Nornazirah
Published: November 2021

Background: Dengue, a major global public health concern, is growing more prevalent. Extensive measures have been undertaken to prevent and control dengue transmission in Malaysia including understanding and modification of human behaviour. This study was designed to assist in planning an effective health intervention for dengue by measuring residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) in hotspot areas of Sabah, East Malaysia. Methods: A community-based and cross-sectional study was conducted at dengue hotspot area in Sabah involving 463 residents (aged 18 years and above). Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the residents and their KAP towards dengue was collected using a structured pre-validated questionnaire developed by the researchers. In addition, residents were invited to participate in a dengue seroprevalence study using dengue Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA kit. Results: Most of the residents correctly identified common signs and symptoms of dengue such as fever (84.4%), chills (70.7%), and nausea or vomiting (56.0%). Nearly half of the residents (51.3%) had good knowledge, 66.0% had a positive attitude, and 63.7% had a positive practice for dengue prevention and control, respectively. The dengue seroprevalence study included 200 of the 463 residents; IgG and IgM seropositivity was 74.1% (n = 63) and 7.1% (n = 6) respectively. Based on logistic regression analysis, local and migrants differs considerably in terms of their knowledge and attitude toward dengue prevention and control, while gender and level of education were predictive of practice level (p<0.05) among all sociodemographic variables examined. Knowledge was correlated with attitude (p<0.0001) and practice (p< 0.0014). Discussion: To combat dengue epidemics in the hotspot area of Sabah, a proactive and behavioural changes among residents, are required. To effectively prevent and manage dengue transmission, a collaborative effort of government sectors, private sectors, housing residential committees, and community residents is essential.
The Effect of Short-chain Fatty Acid Supplementation on Acute Colonic Inflammation in Rats Fed With Western Diet: Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma
Authors: Sevim Mustafa , Çantalı-Öztürk Çiğdem , Mergen Ali , Güllü Eda Ceren , Ayvaz Elif Yaren , Ölüç Merve , Temel Merve , Şirvancı Serap , Yüksel Meral , Çevik Özge , Yeğen Berrak Çağlayan , Yıldırım Alper
Published: November 2021

Increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the consumption of westernized diet (WD). In male Wistar albino rats induced with colitis by oral intake of dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS) for 10 days, we investigated how colitis-induced oxidative damage is affected by WD consumption started 3 weeks before DSS intake. Secondly, the putative protective effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were evaluated in both WD-fed and normal diet (ND)-fed rats. WD consumption prior to colitis induction alleviated oxidative damage and suppressed inflammatory response of the colon via the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ activity, suggesting a preconditioning impact of the WD. Moreover, addition of SCFA to WD abolished the elevations in lipid profile, while SCFA added to either ND or WD during the 10-day development of colonic inflammation depressed the pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 expressions and upregulated IL-10, but the reduction in oxidative damage due to WD was not further changed. The results demonstrated that acute colonic inflammation is alleviated when it is preceded by the consumption of WD, and SCFAs improved WD-induced disruption in lipid profile, implicating that SCFAs would be advantageous in IBD patients comorbid with metabolic syndrome.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, Liraglutide, Attenuated Diabetic Retinal Edema in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats
Authors: Inoue Kazuho , Yamada Shohei , Hoshino Seiko , Watanabe Minoru , Kimura Kenjiro , Kamijo-Ikemori Atsuko
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide on retinal edema as compared with insulin and hydralazine using an animal model of type 2 diabetes with obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.Methods: Male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats at 8 weeks of age were randomly assigned to three groups: the liraglutide group (SDT-lira, n = 6) received a subcutaneous injection of liraglutide from the age of 8 to 16 weeks, the SDT-ins-hyd group (n = 6) was provided both insulin against hyperglycemia and hydralazine against hypertension to match levels of both blood glucose and blood pressure to those of the liraglutide group, and the control group of SDT fatty rats (SDT-vehicle, n = 7) and a nondiabetic control group of Sprague–Dawley rats (SD, n = 7) were injected with vehicle only. Both eyeballs of all groups were collected at the age of 16 weeks.Results: Retinal thickness, which was found in the SDT-vehicle group, was significantly prevented to similar levels in both the SDT-lira and SDT-ins-hyd groups. Immunohistological analysis revealed that GLP-1 receptor was not expressed in the retina of all rats. The ocular protein expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, which causes a proinflammatory situation, was significantly upregulated in all SDT fatty rats as compared to SD rats, but the expression levels were similar between all SDT fatty rats. With regard to neovascularization in the eyes, there were no significant differences in protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, or endothelial nitric oxide synthase in all rats.Conclusions: The present study indicates that liraglutide prevents retinal thickening, dependent on blood glucose and blood pressure levels in SDT fatty rats without ocular neovascularization. However, the effects did not improve the ocular proinflammatory state.
Designing of Fabric Reinforced Polymer in the Assessment of Sorption Capacity of Mussel Shell Powder for Divalent Ion: GIS Mapping and Statistical Studies
Authors: Charulatha S. , Thangamani K.S. , Andal N. Muthulaksmi
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the efficiency of acid modified mollusc shell powder in adsorbing Zn(II) ions from synthetic wastewater and actual wastewater samples discharged from electroplating industries. The chemically treated adsorbent was characterized in terms of structure and surface properties. The parameters such as, size of the sorbent particles, dosage, initial Zn(II) concentration, temperature, contact time pH and temperature were varied for optimization using batch studies. The adsorbate-adsorbent system was studied by Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and DKR isotherms. The adsorption experiments were conducted in a column packed with the acid modified mollusc shell powder. Further, real wastewater samples having Zn(II) concentration higher than the permissible levels were collected from the industrial belt in Coimbatore, to assess the potential of the bio adsorbent. A fiber reinforced polymer fabricated with the adsorbent material installed at the effluent discharge plants achieved 100% Zn(II) removal from electroplating wastewaters. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS software showed significant correlation among the input parameters and the analytical results post-adsorption.
Effect of Paratuberculosis Vaccination on the in Vitro Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in a Sheep Model
Authors: Arteche-Villasol Noive , Gutiérrez-Expósito Daniel , Criado Miguel , Benavides Julio , Pérez Valentín
Published: November 2021

Background
Vaccination of domestic ruminants against paratuberculosis has shown beneficial results in the control of the disease, even though protection is incomplete. This is partly due to the unawareness about the mechanisms taking part during protective immune response. In this sense, despite of the increased number of evidences that point out the participation of neutrophils in the homologous and heterologous protection, its key role is still unclear. Therefore, we evaluate the effect of paratuberculosis vaccination on the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), through its quantification and visualization after their in vitro infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) and non-related pathogens in a sheep model.
Methods
Ovine neutrophils were obtained from non-vaccinated (n = 5) and vaccinated sheep (n = 5) and infected in vitro with Map, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli (EC). After 4 hours, NETs release was quantified and visualized by fluorimetry and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively.
Results
NETs components were confirmed by co-localization of extracellular DNA with neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase visualized by immunofluorescence. Infection of ovine neutrophils with Map (P > 0.05), SA (P < 0.001) and EC (P < 0.01) induced the formation of NETs before vaccination as well as after 15- and 30-days post-vaccination. However, neither vaccination nor time post-vaccination did modify the generation of NETs.
Conclusions
These results show that the release of NETs did not play a fundamental role in the early homologous and heterologous protective immune response after paratuberculosis vaccination, although, other antimicrobial mechanisms not evaluated in this study may participate in the protective immune response.
Effect of Zinc Coating on Delay Nugget Formation in Dissimilar DP600 - AISI304 Welded Joints Obtained by the Resistance Spot Welding Process
Authors: Parte Mercedes Pérez de la , Hernández Alejandro Espinel , Orozco Mario César Sánchez , Roca Angel Sánchez , Macias Emilio Jiménez , Fernández Julio Blanco , Fals Hipólito Domingo Carvajal
Published: November 2021

This paper researches the effect of zinc coating of galvanized DP600 steel on the dynamic resistance and the delayed nugget formation of dissimilar DP600 - AISI304 welded joints, obtained with resistance spot welding process (RSW). The RSW evaluations consisted of determining, from the dynamic resistance curves, the time involved in the different stages of the process, particularly the beginning of nugget formation. The experimental results showed that, from the dynamic resistance curves, it is possible to identify 8 distinct stages during the welding of galvanized DP600 steel and AISI304 stainless steel. In the case of the welding of uncoated DP600 steel with AISI304, only 6 stages are identified (except for stages 2 and 3), which are directly related to the heating, softening and melting of the galvanic coating. The energy used in stages 2 and 3, causes a delay in the beginning of nugget formation for welded joints obtained with galvanized DP600 steel compared to uncoated DP600 - AISI304 welded joints, reaching values between 37.28 ms and 52.29 ms for the welding conditions analyzed. Monitoring the time duration of stages 2 and 3, as defined from the analysis of the dynamic resistance curves, could be used as a tool to predict the beginning of nugget formation in the welding of galvanized steels, to avoid undesirable phenomena such as expulsion and to guarantee the quality of the welded joints.
Evaluation of Iodine Supplementation in Women With Pregnancy Associated With Gestational Diabetes. IODIAB Study
Authors: DARDARI DURED , Laborne Francois-Xavier , Tourte Caroline , Henry Elodie , Penfornis Alfred
Published: November 2021

Iodine supplementation is indicated by the French High Authority for Health (HAS) and by the World Health Organization (WHO) during pregnancy. We want to know if this supplementation is prescribed in a manner consistent with the HAS and WHO recommenations in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus.Results: Recruitment for the study will start August 2021 and will be ended in October 2021, with the final study results scheduled for December 2021Conclusion The objective of the Iododiab study is to assess whether practitioners caring for women with gestational diabetes mellitus prescribe iodine supplementation according to the recommendations of the French High Authority for Health and by the World Health Organization.
The evolving role of microRNA subtypes 21, 155 and 10b as oncogenes and biomarkers in breast cancer in a decade: A systematic review article
Authors: Elnour Mubarak , Eltayeb Nagham , Esam Arwa , Faisal Shiraz , Elhassan Nuha M.
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer is a malignant disease with a high incidence worldwide in women-and to less extent in men-, thus remains a health burden. miRNA plays a key role in the development and prognosis of breast cancer; as a single miRNA has the ability to regulate multiple gene targets and adversely alter their expression. In this review, we attempt to systematically analyze the rapidly accumulating body of research regarding the role of miRNAs subtypes particularly as oncogenes and biomarkers in breast cancer, and their clinical implications. A total of 11 pertinent articles in the past 10 years were extracted from high-rank reviews, analyzed, and summarized. Amongst many (eight miRNA subtypes), three subtypes (miR21, 155, and 10b) were selected in order to evaluate the validity of their oncogenicity as well as their diagnostic value as biomarkers.
The Viral Respiratory Diseases of Sorok Island at Pandemic
Authors: Lee Jong-Hoon , Lee Chul Joong , Lee So Jeong , Choi Su-Hee , Oh Sang-Suk , Park Jungwuk , Sergi Consolato , Coleman Michael D.
Published: November 2021

Background: Dapsone is helpful in the molecular regulation of Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3).Objective: To study the targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by Dapsone should be responsible for its observed preventive treatment effects, functioning as a competitor against Pandemic viral inflammasome.Methods: We compared Hansen's disease (HD) patients with viral respiratory diseases (VRD) after prescribing Dapsone to standard treatment from 2005 to 2020. Results: The 3022 VRD participants who received the dapsone intervention (M = 201, SD = 34) compared to the 3961 VRD participants in the control group (M = 264, SD = 84) demonstrated significantly better peak flow scores, t(28) = -2.7, p = .01. It demonstrated significantly more prevalences of VRD in the DDS unprescribed group. Conclusion: This study is theoretical clinical data to warrant a pilot study with Dapsone for deteriorating leprosy patients at Pandemic.
“HIGH sensitivity Troponins In Patients With Elevated Pro BNP and Acute Heart Failure”. (HIGH-TRIP Trial)
Authors: AlHejily Wesam A
Published: November 2021

Background:In patients presented to emergency rooms NT-Pro BNP essay is overly sensitive test to rule out heart failure but less specific in predicting outcomes in follow-ups, in this study we ought to find the added value of HS-Troponin I, in patients presented acutely with heart failure and its impact on mortality when Pro BNP is highly elevated.Methods:Prospective cohort study, inclusion criteria were age above 18 and clearly positive NT Pro BNP > 1000 pg/ml, with 12 months follow up period, primary end point was mortality from heart failure, secondary endpoint was need for rehospitalization.Results:95 patients were enrolled, divided into overt and non-overt pulmonary edema groups. Mean (NT-Pro BNP) was 6184 and 5927 pg/ml and mean (Hs-c Trop I) were 19.27 and 0.17ng/ml respectively, Mean Ejection fraction was 48+/-7 and 47+/-7 for each group sequentially. Mortality rate was 4 (13%) in the higher Hs-c Troponin I group, and 1 (1.6%) in the low troponin level group p=.03, odd ratio was 8.5, 95% CI (0.9-80). Need for re-hospitalization was present in 12 (38%) Vs 7 (8%) patients, p=.0081, odd ratio 4.8, 95% CI (1.7-14.2). In COX proportional hazard analysis, only Hs-cTN was a significant predictor of poor outcome in this high-risk cohort with p=0.0001.Conclusion: Adding (Hs-cTroponin I) assay to the panel of laboratory testing, in patients presented to ER with acute heart failure and with high Pro-BNP>1000, may further predicts mortality and rehospitalization rate.
FORMATION OF THE TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL FOREST POTENTIAL: METHODOLOGICAL AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES FOR SYSTEM ASSESSMENT
Authors: Zhuravka F. , Yarova I. , Halynska Yu. , Khomutenko L. , Domashenko M.
Published: November 2021

The current state of spatial and territorial development of recreational nature management in Ukraine is characterized by the fact that the country has significant natural resource potential, unique recreational resources, as well as a valuable natural reserve fund. This proves that the possibility for further development and forestland use for recreational purposes, and the formation of spatial-territorial recreational systems with the involvement of forestlands can be widely developed. At the same time, this is a prerequisite for the active development of market relations in the field of recreational and tourist management, since the diversity and uniqueness of forest resource potential creates the opportunity to gain competitive advantages in using separate recreational resources that will provide high demand and prices for them. From these perspectives, the purpose of the paper is to deepen economic assessment of recreational forest resource potential for ensuring the formation of territorial forest resource assets (natural capital) in the context of strategic guidelines for sustainable forestry spatial development.
The main principles of formation of the territorial and recreational forest resource potential (capital) have been considered in this paper. Also, it should be taken into account that, at present, the methods of economic (cost) estimation of certain types of natural resources, which are involved in economic activity and recreational activities, are well-developed and widely used. Therefore it should be noted that the problem of an integrated system assessment of territorial forest resource capital is relevant for the recreational use of forest lands, since it is necessary to evaluate, as far as possible, and more fully, all of its components, for the effective decision-making in the management mechanism. The scheme of the system assessment of the territorial and recreational forest potential (TRFP) has been developed and represented.
The main objectives of ecosystem management of forest areas in the context of providing balanced recreational forestland management have been determined. It was concluded that comprehensive and system assessment of recreational forest resource capital based on the application of the natural capital methodology and the concept of total economic value (value) should become an effective lever in the market-oriented mechanism of forest management in the spatial and territorial format. The article identifies theoretical and conceptual guidelines for system assessment of territorial forest capital in the context of spatial development strategies.
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST SERVICES MARKET UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF HYBRID THREATS: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Domashenko M. , Shkola V. , Kotenko O. , Domashenko V.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the formulation of recommendations for management of potential for innovative development of the tourist services market in Ukraine on the basis of existing experience of European countries.
The mathematical model of innovative development of tourist services market in Ukraine with account of potential of innovative development of the branch and scenarios of influence of risks and threats, and the graphic representation of possible trajectories of development of tourist services market with account of influence of risks and threats (both actual and potential) and with different values of control parameters are proposed. The importance of development of the tourist services market for the national economy of Ukraine is considered; the necessity of the European experience implementation for increase of the tourist industry potential is substantiated; a number of negative factors in the development of the tourist services market in Ukraine is analyzed, which include: the spread of the virus COVID-19; strengthening of hybrid threats; loss of tourist, historical and cultural, recreational potential of the occupied territories; military actions in the east of the country political and economic instability in the country; the absence of investment programs for tourism development in Ukraine on the basis of rational ecologically balanced use of natural, historical, and cultural tourist potential; the low quality of tourist infrastructure, communications and staff training; the low competitiveness of the tourism industry. The peculiarities of transnationalization of international tourism business, current trends of the international tourism development in the context of the European market of tourist services are considered in the article. Based on the experience of European countries, the priority areas of innovative development of the tourist services market in Ukraine are identified. Ways to regulate the regulatory framework for tourism in Ukraine, namely: the creation of funds at the state level for tourism development; cooperation of Ukraine in the field of tourism, creation of programs of innovative development; compliance of Ukrainian legislation with international standards; ensuring the protection of tourists' rights; creation and introduction of innovations in the industry; simplification of the process of obtaining visas and crossing the border; strengthening cybersecurity.
ALGORITHM DESIGN FOR SHIP’S STEERING WITH SPECIFIED LIMITATIONS UNDER VARIOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS
Authors:   Department of Navigation and Commercial Fisheries, Kerch State Maritime technological University, Russia, Ivanovsky Nikolay , Chernyi Sergei ,   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, St.Petersburg, Russia,   Kerch State Maritime technological University, Russia,   St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Russia;, Sokolov Sergey , Zhilenkov Anton ,   Department of Cyber-Physical Systems, St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Zinchenko Anton
Published: November 2021

The problems of developing the risk assessment methods to estimate the level of safety of the vessel under the current conditions on a planned route before staring the pilotage as well as to make the decision on the beginning or suspension of pilotage in order to increase the level of navigational safety are discussed in the paper. Moreover, the application of the research results will reduce the affect of the human factor in decision-making in tasks related to the sea-going vessel’s operation. The developed method for the quantitative assessment of navigational risks will improve the safety of ship’s pilotage. It can also be applied in the decision-making support systems for the navigator in case of collision avoidance actions. The research results presented in this paper can be used to create automatic control systems.
Osteogenesis Hormonal Regulation: Review
Authors: Miromanov Alexandr M. , Gusev Kirill A.
Published: November 2021

Background. The endocrine system occupies a leading place not only in the regulation of growth and development mechanisms, but also in compensation reactions when the body is exposed to extreme factors. Coordinated hormonal regulation contributes to the correct response of the macroorganism adaptive processes, aimed at restoring and maintaining homeostasis. A cascade of endocrine changes accompanies the processes of both physiological and reparative regeneration of bone tissue at all its stages. The aim of the study was to analyze the currently known mechanisms of hormonal regulation of physiological and reparative bone tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods. The search and analysis of scientific literary sources was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed and eLIBRARY. Search depth 10 years. Results. The review considers both fundamental aspects and new data on the main histogenetic mechanisms of osteogenesis hormonal regulation. The ways and points of interaction of the endocrine and skeletal systems are highlighted, the main functions of hormones in the participation of bone remodeling in different age periods are determined. Conclusion. In violations of physiological regulation, hormonal imbalance is assigned a key role, while under conditions of reparative osteogenesis, the role of qualitative and dynamic changes in the endocrine system has been studied insufficiently. Hormonal regulation of reparative regeneration to date has no clear assessment criteria and requires further research.
Incidencia de las comisiones de la verdad en reformas al sector seguridad en Latinoamérica
Authors: Bahamón-Jara Martha Lucía , Cujabante-Villamil Ximena Andrea , Durán-Montaño Alex Camilo , Prieto-Venegas Jair Camilo
Published: November 2021

Este artículo busca identificar y categorizar las recomendaciones de las comisiones de la verdad que buscan incidir con reformas para crear nuevas estructuras de gobernanza del sector seguridad, así como la incidencia de estas recomendaciones y los obstáculos para lograr su cumplimiento. Se empleó una metodología exploratoria, descriptiva y cualitativa aplicando el método comparado, de cara a brindar recomendaciones para la Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia, con estudios de caso sobre tres comisiones de la verdad latinoamericanas en Perú, Chile y El Salvador. Se encontró que es importante procurar la participación activa de los sectores de seguridad en el proceso; concebir el sector seguridad ampliamente, incluyendo las organizaciones encargadas de su administración y supervisión, además de organizaciones privadas o no estatutarias, e involucrar actores internacionales, entre ellos expertos y fuerzas de seguridad.
Competencias comunicativas, lenguaje no verbal y concienciación cultural en operaciones de apoyo a la Paz
Authors: González-Hernández Manuel
Published: November 2021

Este artículo se plantea como objetivo determinar la importancia de la comunicación, del lenguaje no verbal y de la concienciación cultural en la preparación de operaciones de apoyo a la paz y en la formación militar. Para ello se analizan las competencias comunicativas y su importancia en estas operaciones, así como la interculturalidad y la comunicación no verbal. Se abordan detalladamente los elementos que implica el lenguaje no verbal. Este artículo concluye que, para desarrollar eficazmente una operación de apoyo a la paz, es necesario formar y concienciar sobre un correcto uso de la comunicación y del lenguaje no verbal atendiendo a la interculturalidad.
A review of one-phase Hele-Shaw flows and a level-set method for nonstandard configurations
Authors: Morrow Liam C. , Moroney Timothy J. , Dallaston Michael C. , McCue Scott W.
Published: November 2021

The classical model for studying one-phase Hele-Shaw flows is based on a highly nonlinear moving boundary problem with the fluid velocity related to pressure gradients via a Darcy-type law. In a standard configuration with the Hele-Shaw cell made up of two flat stationary plates, the pressure is harmonic. Therefore, conformal mapping techniques and boundary integral methods can be readily applied to study the key interfacial dynamics, including the Saffman–Taylor instability and viscous fingering patterns. As well as providing a brief review of these key issues, we present a flexible numerical scheme for studying both the standard and nonstandard Hele-Shaw flows. Our method consists of using a modified finite-difference stencil in conjunction with the level-set method to solve the governing equation for pressure on complicated domains and track the location of the moving boundary. Simulations show that our method is capable of reproducing the distinctive morphological features of the Saffman–Taylor instability on a uniform computational grid. By making straightforward adjustments, we show how our scheme can easily be adapted to solve for a wide variety of nonstandard configurations, including cases where the gap between the plates is linearly tapered, the plates are separated in time, and the entire Hele-Shaw cell is rotated at a given angular velocity.
 
doi:10.1017/S144618112100033X