bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporto psicologico alle coppie in trattamento PMA: una ricerca intervento per la promozione di salute nel percorso di "cura" verso la genitorialità
Authors: Spoletini Roberta , Scaravelli Giulia , Monaco Silvia , Renzi Alessia , Fedele Fabiola
Published: November 2024

Il progetto di genitorialità può confrontarsi con la difficoltà a concepire un figlio. La condi-zione di infertilità rappresenta una sfida per il benessere psicofisico della coppia, riconosciuta sia a livello mondiale che cross-culturale. Questo studio ha come obiettivo quello di svolgere una ricerca intervento per rilevare le peculiarità dell'assistenza psicologica offerta alle coppie che eseguono trattamenti di Procrea-zione Medicalmente Assistita (PMA) in Italia. In tale contesto l'assistenza psicologica è consi-derata un elemento di supporto per un percorso consapevole verso la genitorialità. L'indagine, effettuata sul territorio nazionale, ha visto la partecipazione di 134 operatori sanitari (medici/biologi) dei centri di PMA, 28 psicologi operanti nel settore e 324 pazienti in corso di trattamento, grazie ad essa è stato possibile comprendere in quale misura il supporto psicologico fosse un servizio attivo e strutturato. È stato inoltre possibile analizzare la richiesta nei confronti dell'assistenza psicologica da parte dei medici e delle coppie e la percezione del ruolo professionale dello psicologo in questo contesto sanitario. Dai risultati della ricerca, l'intervento psicologico nella PMA si configura come uno stru-mento di supporto fondamentale per l'utenza e anche per tutti i membri dell'équipe medica che con il suo intervento si propone di riparare ad una mancata e ricercata genitorialità. Come emerge dall'indagine la PMA necessita di uno spazio offerto dalla psicologia che renda possi-bile l'esplorazione dei vissuti e delle risorse di ogni protagonista del percorso di cura, con spe-cifica attenzione al rapporto di coppia. In quest'ottica l'assistenza psicologica, sia rivolta alle coppie in trattamento PMA che, co-me strumento di supporto per l'attività dell'equipe, può assumere una fondamentale funzione di accompagnamento nel sostenere il processo di cura. Da qui l'orientamento alla formulazione di buone pratiche di intervento psicologico per la costruzione di un modello di assistenza con-diviso, adatto alle caratteristiche dell'utenza e alla multidisciplinarietà del contesto sanitario, al fine di promuovere il benessere dell'individuo, della coppia e degli operatori.
L'impatto della digitalizzazione sui servizi di welfare nelle PMI italiane
Authors: Pezzolo Marino , Del Baldo Mara , Ascoli Ugo
Published: November 2024

Il saggio si propone di verificare, attraverso una Systematic Literature Review (SLR), come il contributo della tecnologia digitale ha modificato il panorama del welfare occupazionale nelle PMI (Piccole e Medie Imprese) italiane. Il paper prende in considerazione tre fattori chiave: Information Technology, diffusione del welfare occupazionale sul territorio nazionale e Covid-19. Gli autori hanno posto l'accento sulla costruzione di una panoramica del fenomeno del welfare occupazionale e, in particolare, delle PMI in merito all'erogazione di servizi di welfare quali sistemi pensionistici e/o sanitari integrativi, fringe benefit e misure di conciliazione vita lavoro. Dall'analisi condotta sui 35 paper oggetto della SLR è possibile affermare, attraverso i tre fattori studiati che esiste un importante contributo della tecnologia digitale rispetto all'offerta dei servizi di welfare. La digitalizzazione ha concorso, anche se punti di fragilità interni permangono, alla diffusione e al rafforzamento del welfare occupazionale nelle PMI italiane.
Regimi intersezionali di precarietà. Note a margine di una ricerca qualitativa sul grave sfruttamento del lavoro migrante in Liguria
Authors: Abbatecola Emanuela , Filippi Davide
Published: November 2024

Il dibattito accademico italiano e la ricerca sul Grave Sfruttamento Lavorativo (GSL) appaiono caratterizzati da diversi livelli di criticità, tra le quali la mancanza di una definizione condivisa del concetto di GSL e una sovra-rappresentazione delle ricerche sociologiche sulle forme di GSL legate alle agromafie e al caporalato nell'agricoltura del Sud del paese. A partire da queste considerazioni, il saggio intende offrire una proposta teorico-concettuale attraverso una definizione di Grave Sfruttamento Lavorativo da leggersi nell'ambito di una più ampia riflessione sui contestuali Regimi intersezionali di precarietà, per poi analizzare alcune dimensioni del Grave Sfruttamento Lavorativo di uomini migranti richiedenti asilo nelle cucine di alcuni ristoranti, luoghi isolati in cui lavoratrici e lavoratori spesso vanno incontro a forme di sfruttamento tanto radicali quanto difficili da riconoscere. Per fare ciò, partiremo dai principali risultati di una ricerca condotta all'interno della regione Liguria, nei difficili mesi della primavera del 2020, nell'ambito del progetto HTH - HOPE THIS HELP, costituito dalle realtà che, a livello regionale, sono impegnate nel contrasto alla tratta e allo sfruttamento. Dal punto di vista metodologico, sono state condotte ventitré interviste qualitative semi-strutturate a testimoni privilegiate/i e migranti.
Frequency-dependence favors social plasticity and facilitates socio-eco-evolutionary feedback in fluctuating environments
Authors: Martin Jordan , Westneat David , Wilson Alastair , Dingemanse Niels , Araya-Ajoy Yimen
Published: November 2024

1. Increasing attention is being devoted to the study of phenotypic plasticity in social environments. However, much remains unknown about the selection pressures driving the evolution of social plasticity, as well as the pathways by which social plasticity may facilitate or constrain feedback between ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Here we explore these questions using quantitative genetic models, providing general results regarding the causes of selection on social reaction norms, as well as their consequences for adaptive microevolution in fluctuating environments. 2. We model the fitness effects of character states expressed across spatially heterogeneous microhabitats, with variation in the degree to which trait expression and selection are affected by the local social environment. We find that when selection on character states is frequency-dependent within microhabitats, stochastic fluctuations in the social environment cause selection for reversible social plasticity across microhabitats, as quantified by the interaction coefficient
The Theoretical Basis for the Formation of an Investment Banking Strategy for Financing Venture Business
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Lahoda Yurii I.
Published: November 2024

The article generalizes the theoretical basis and develops scientifically grounded approaches and models that allow to effectively form banking strategies for financing venture business. It is defined that the methodology for studying the formation of investment banking strategies for financing venture business can vary depending on specific goals and approaches. The most common methods that can be used to conduct such studies include: system analysis, quantitative and statistical analysis, case method, qualitative analysis, generalization method, and others. It is proved that the definition of investment banking strategy covers various aspects of the formation and implementation of investment strategies that banks use to support and develop venture business. This allowed to form the theoretical foundations of such a strategy, which are based on a number of elements, in particular: market analysis and definition of strategic goals; assessment of risks and opportunities; development of an investment strategy; the process of selection and evaluation of investments; investment management and monitoring; exit from investments; ethical and regulatory aspects. Theoretical approaches to determining the investment banking strategy for financing venture business are systematized. Thus, among the most common theories in the scientific space, the following theories were allocated: ecosystems of venture capital, institutional support, globalization of venture capital, crowdfunding and alternative financial mechanisms, sustainable development and green investments. Overall, venture capital business has been proven to be an important element of investment banking strategy, as it not only expands investment opportunities but also promotes innovation and economic development. Banks that actively incorporate venture capital investments into their strategy can gain significant competitive advantages and increase profits.
The State Regulatory Policy in the Aspect of Economic Security Administration
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Babych Dmytro V.
Published: November 2024

It is defined that the problems of ensuring financial and economic stability are one of the priority and urgent problems faced by world powers in the last decade, especially for countries with a transforming economy, to which Ukraine belongs. They are characterized by the risk of a long-term budget deficit, which generates significant financial and economic imbalances, reduces investment attractiveness and slows down economic development. Different countries react differently to the present day’s challenges, develop their own special approaches to forecasting and managing the budget deficit, and search for specific instruments to overcome the negative budget balance both in the short and long term. It is concluded that the conceptual and logical scheme of improvement of the State regulatory policy in the aspect of administration of economic security of the State should be focused on solving the scientific and practical problem associated with the optimization of managerial decisions and improvement of relations within the framework of administration of the financial security of the State. Based only on experience and intuition, in modern conditions it is impossible to make qualified decisions on investment, asset management, attraction of borrowed capital, reorganization, etc. When developing a model of economic security administration as part of the State regulatory policy, tactical and alternative goals can be manifested, which can come into conflict when making strategic decisions. Along with this, the analysis of the choice of mechanism shows that profitable motivation has the greatest impact on the results of the State’s activities. If internal mechanisms have failed to achieve their goals, or if the diagnostics have revealed the futility of trying to overcome the crisis by mobilizing only internal reserves, the State can apply for external assistance in the form of loans. The system of strategic financial goals should be specified through the definition of certain target strategic standards. The development of such standards of financial and economic activity serves as the basis for making key managerial decisions and ensuring control over the implementation of the financial strategy in the State regulatory policy. At the same time, economic security itself influences the formation of the strategic development of the State.
Investigating Preparatory Year Saudi Students’ Preferences Towards Different Feedback Methods to Improve Their Writing in EFL Classrooms
Authors: Alhazmi Alaa Waleed
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine the most effective type of feedback for enhancing the writing skills of the students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Saudi Arabia. The study investigates preparatory year students' attitudes towards different feedback types, direct comments, indirect suggestions, and metalinguistic feedback. By analyzing the effectiveness of these feedback methods, educators can improve EFL education in Saudi Arabia. The research employs a mixed methods approach, involving interviews with seven teachers and a questionnaire administered to students. Findings from previous studies on feedback effectiveness were reviewed to provide insights for instructional practices. Ultimately, the study intends to provide valuable insights into the feedback methods employed in the EFL writing classes in Saudi Arabia. The findings show that teachers tend to prefer indirect feedback, while 75% of male students favor direct feedback and 66.7% of female students prefer metalinguistic feedback. However, indirect feedback was ranked as the second favorite type by both male students, who accounted for 15%, and female students, who accounted for 20%. Overall, indirect comments appear to be the most effective as they allow students to reflect on their mistakes and discover the correct answers, enhancing their learning experience. To establish more reliable and valid results, the researchers recommend repeating the study with a larger sample of participants.
Analysis of Punctuation and Spelling Errors Associated with Academic Writing among Iraqi EFL Learners
Authors: Raheem Bareq Raad , Ghafar Zanyar Nathir
Published: November 2024

The present study aims to analyse and find punctuation and spelling errors EFL learners face in their academic writing as part of English proficiency tests. A quantitative method was adopted to implement the research objective. 117 written samples were collected and analysed. The participants were 82 females and 35 males. The average age is 23 to 37 years. The results showed different kinds of errors and challenges. The present study concerns limited errors and challenges: punctuation and spelling errors. The findings show a large prevalence of punctuation and spelling errors among Iraqi EFL learners. The most common errors using punctuation marks were using capital letters (54.72%), commas (25. 71%), and periods (19.58%). In terms of spelling errors, omission recorded the highest percentage of errors (40.9%), followed by substitution (30.5%), transposition (15.0), and insertion (13.6%).
Gastric Tonometry and Intramucosal pH - Theoretical Principles and Clinical Application
Authors: Černý V , Cvachovec K
Published: November 2024

Gastric or intestinal luminal tonometry is a method for monitoring critically ill patients. It offers an index of the adequacy of aerobic metabolism in a tissue that is particularly sensitive to alterations in its perfusion and oxygenation: the gut mucosa. It is based on the measuring the increase in tissue CO2 production that accompanies anaerobic metabolism. The method simply consists of a balloon in the stomach, which measures intramucosal pCO2. From this measurement and from the arterial bicarbonate concentration gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) can be calculated, assuming that bicarbonate concentration in the gastric mucosal tissue is in equilibrium with systemic arterial bicarbonate. Despite possible clinical benefit from the measurement and the therapy of low pHi values in critically ill patients, the theoretical, experimental and pathophysiological implications for the monitoring of intramucosal acidosis in the gut are not yet fully understood. There are still some open methodological questions crucial for further clinical interpretation.
Selective Antioxidant Enzymes during Ischemia/Reperfusion in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mužáková V , Kanďár R , Vojtíšek P , Skalický J , Červinková Z
Published: November 2024

The study of ischemia/reperfusion injury included 25 patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction (19 perfused, 6 remained non-reperfused as evaluated according to the time course of creatine kinase and CK-MB isoenzyme activity) and a control group (21 blood donors). Plasma level of malondialdehyde was followed as a marker of oxidative stress. Shortly after reperfusion (within 90 min), a transient increase of malondialdehyde concentration was detected. The return to the baseline level was achieved 6 h after the onset of therapy. The activity of a free radical scavenger enzyme, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reached its maximum 90 min after the onset of treatment and returned to the initial value after 18 h. The specificity of the GPx response was confirmed by comparing with both non-reperfused patients and the control group, where no significant increase was detected. The erythrocyte Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not exhibit significant changes during the interval studied in perfused patients, probably due to the stability of erythrocyte metabolism. In non-reperfused patients, a decrease of SOD was found during prolonged hypoxia. These results help to elucidate the mechanisms of fast activation of plasma antioxidant system during the reperfusion after myocardial infarction.
Effects of L-arginine on Prevention and Treatment of Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus
Authors: Noyan B , Güleç G
Published: November 2024

The effects of various doses of L-arginine, a nitric oxide substrate, on lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures were studied in rats. Rats were implanted with chronic, stainless steel screw electrodes epidurally for electrocortical recordings. A control group received 3 mEq/kg LiCl (i.p.) and 24 h later 45 mg/kg pilocarpine HCl (i.p.). Two different experimental procedures were followed: (1) L-arginine was applied in doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg (i.p.), 30 min before pilocarpine injection; (2) 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg (i.p.) L-arginine was injected either 5 min or 30 min after the onset of status epilepticus (SE). L-arginine (300 mg/kg) injected 30 min before pilocarpine significantly reduced the percentage of SE, but did not change the latency to SE or 24-hour survival. These parameters were not significantly affected by the 100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg dose of L-arginine. On the other hand, no dose of L-arginine that was applied after SE had begun, had any significant influence on the seizures. We concluded that L-arginine may prevent seizure activity in some but not all doses, and does not have any effect on the ongoing seizure activity.
Kainic Acid Lesions to the Lateral Tegmental Field of Medulla: Effects on Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes in Anesthetized Cats
Authors: Jakuš J , Stránsky A , Poliaček I , Baráni H , Bošeľová Ľ
Published: November 2024

We have tested the hypothesis that neurons of both the ventral reticular nucleus and the adjacent parts of the lateral tegmental field (LTF) may be important for the production of motor programs associated with cough, expiration and aspiration reflexes. Our studies were conducted on non-decerebrate, spontaneously breathing cats under pentobarbitone anesthesia. Dysfunction of the medullary LTF region above the obex, produced by uni- or bilateral injections of kainic acid (a neurotoxin), regularly abolished the cough reflex evoked by mechanical stimulation of both the tracheobronchial and laryngeal regions and in most cases also the expiration reflex induced from the glottal area. However, some electrical activity still occurred in the neurogram of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during probing the laryngeal and glottal regions. Interestingly, the aspiration reflex elicited from the nasopharynx regularly persisted, although with lower intensity after the LTF lesion. Nevertheless, successive midcollicular decerebration performed in four cats also abolished the aspiration reflex. These experiments demonstrate the importance of medullary LTF neurons for the normal occurrence of cough and expiration reflexes. One possible explanation for the elimination of these expulsive processes is that the blockade of the LTF neurons may remove an important source of a facilitatory input to the brainstem circuitries that mediate cough and expiration reflexes. In addition, the potential importance of the mesencephalic reticular formation for the occurrence of the aspiration reflex and the role of the LTF in modulating both the eupnoeic breathing and the blood pressure are also discussed.
Deficit of Coenzyme Q in Heart and Liver Mitochondria of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Kucharská J , Braunová Z , Uličná O , Zlatoš L , Gvozdjáková A
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress participate in the development of diabetic complications, however, the mechanisms of their origin are not entirely clear. Coenzyme Q has an important function in mitochondrial bioenergetics and is also a powerful antioxidant. Coenzyme Q (CoQ) regenerates alpha-tocopherol to its active form and prevents atherogenesis by protecting low-density lipoproteins against oxidation. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the experimentally induced diabetes mellitus is associated with changes in the content of endogenous antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, coenzymes Q9 and Q10) and in the intensity of lipoperoxidation. These biochemical parameters were investigated in the blood and in the isolated heart and liver mitochondria. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (45 mg.kg-1), insulin was administered once a day for 8 weeks (6 U.kg-1). The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol and CoQ homologues in the blood of the diabetic rats were increased. The CoQ9/cholesterol ratio was reduced. In heart and liver mitochondria of the diabetic rats we found an increased concentration of alpha-tocopherol, however, the concentrations of CoQ9 and CoQ10 were decreased. The formation of malondialdehyde was enhanced in the plasma and heart mitochondria. The results have demonstrated that experimental diabetes is associated with increased lipoperoxidation, in spite of the increased blood concentrations of antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and CoQ. These changes may be associated with disturbances of lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. An important finding is that heart and liver mitochondria from the diabetic rats contain less CoQ9 and CoQ10 in comparison with the controls. We suppose that the deficit of coenzyme Q can participate in disturbances of mitochondrial energy metabolism of diabetic animals.
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Rat Heart Atria: the Effect of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Kuncová J , Slavíková J
Published: November 2024

The effects of transient and sustained hyperthyroidism on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) levels were studied in the heart atria of developing and adult rats. Newborn rats were divided into 5 groups. Neo-T animals were treated with thyroxine (T4) during postnatal days 1-8 and sacrificed at the age of 60 days. Neo-S rats were treated with T4 during postnatal days 1-60 and sacrificed one day later. Adult-1 and Adult-2 animals received T4 during days 52-60 and were sacrificed 5-6 days and 1 day later, respectively. Control animals were injected with saline. VIP-LI concentrations were determined in extracts from the left and right atria separately. In Neo-S and Adult-2 rats, spontaneous heart rate, the weight of both atria and total T4 serum levels were significantly enhanced, while their body weight was decreased. The ratio atria weight to body weight was significantly increased in all groups except for Adult-1 animals. Hyperthyroidism led to a significant decrease in VIP-LI levels in both atria of Neo-S and Neo-T rats. Hyperthyroidism induced in adult rats also decreased VIP-LI levels in both atria. However, this change was only transient. In conclusion, our data have provided new evidence that hyperthyroidism induced during the early neonatal period interferes with the development of VIP-ergic innervation in rat atria. The period of the first few postnatal days seems to be essential for this effect, since VIP-LI concentrations in 60-day-old animals did not significantly differ between Neo-S and Neo-T atria.
Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Apolipoprotein E Type 2/2 and 4/4 Genotype
Authors: Štulc T , Češka R , Hořínek A , Štěpán J
Published: November 2024

The peak bone mass and the rate of bone loss are in part genetically determined. It has been suggested that bone mineral density (BMD) may be related to allelic variation in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene locus. ApoE is important in the receptor-mediated clearance of chylomicron particles from the plasma, Apo E4 having the highest and Apo E2 the lowest receptor affinity. Chylomicrons are the main carrier of vitamin K in the plasma; vitamin K plays an important role in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. We have tested the hypothesis that persons with E4 variant would have lower BMD and increased bone turnover than those with E2 variant. A total of 18 ApoE 2/2 and ApoE 4/4 homozygotes were selected from 873 patients who were examined for the ApoE genotype. BMD in lumbar vertebral, femoral neck and distal forearm was measured and plasma concentrations of osteocalcin and C-terminal fragments of collagen (CTx) were determined. BMD values (expressed as T-score) at the three specified sites were –0.12± 1.72, –0.52± 1.32 and –0.52± 0.81 in ApoE 2/2 group and –0.24± 1.22, 0.00± 0.84 and –0.17± 1.07 in the ApoE 4/4 group. Plasma osteocalcin and CTx were within normal limits in both groups. In conclusion, we did not observe any association of ApoE genotype with BMD and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in ApoE 2/2 and ApoE 4/4 homozygotes.
Issue ownership in the online campaign for Dutch general elections
Authors: Vrancken Joren , Dobber Tom , Zuiderveen Borgesius Frederik
Published: November 2024

Online political campaigns are often opaque, among other reasons because political parties often target their advertising to specific groups. Therefore, it is challenging for citizens, journalists, and academics to understand what political parties talk about in their campaigns, diminishing the public accountability of political parties. Through the lens of issue ownership theory, this study explores which issues Dutch political parties advertised on Meta during the 2021 national election. The study uses a relatively novel topic modeling process that is meant to limit human bias. We built a model that assigns issues to each ad (based on the ad text), creating a dataset of ad-issues matchings. The study is one of the first to present insights into the issues Dutch political parties communicated about during the national elections of 2021. Our findings show that issue owners are not the biggest advertisers on their issues and reveal that private gifts enable some political campaigns to claim ownership of many issues.
The complaint of truth: Erasmus on mendacity and fraud
Authors: Martin Terence J.
Published: November 2024

This essay engages the writings of Erasmus of Rotterdam on the prevalence and practices of deceit, yielding thereby an Erasmian complaint on behalf of truth. The works of Erasmus challenge us to face up to the diverse forms of deceit; to recognize the sundry tricks used by liars and frauds; and to calculate the damaging consequences of their subterfuge. Astutely fixed on the mendacity of tyrants and would-be tyrants, Erasmus proves to be a trenchant critic of such assaults on truth, exposing the manipulation of appearances and uncovering the twisted reversals of language, while subjecting the various perpetrators to criticism in a manner that cleverly banks on its own creative and beneficent dissemblance. Erasmus thereby offers an alternative model of truthfulness designed for the complexities of life in a culture of lies.
Termo-vakum işlem görmüş sarıçamın boyutsal kararlılığının incelenmesi
Authors: Görgün Hızır Volkan , Ünsal Öner
Published: November 2024

Masif ahşabın özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi için, termo-işlem uygulaması geliştirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte başta mekanik olmak üzere bazı özelliklerin daha da iyileştirilmesi için, özellikle farklı proses şartlarının denendiği çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, vakum ortamında gerçekleştirilen termo-işlemin (termo-vakum veya Thermovuoto®), boyutsal kararlılığa etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, 180 °C'de 1 saat termo-vakum uygulanan sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris) örneklerinde, yoğunluk, denge rutubet miktarı (DRM) değişimi ve anti daralma/genişleme etkisi (ASE) ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar TSE CEN/TS 15679’daki referans çizelgeler ve literatür ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; teğet/radyal çalışma oranında %20 azalış tespit edilirken, 0.414 g/cm3 yoğunluk ile ‘iç mekân’, DRM (örneğin 20oC sıcaklık, %65 bağıl nem için %5,76) ve ASE (%79.56) verileri açısından ‘dış mekân’ sınıfında çıkarken, genişlikteki maksimum değişim oranına (MDO) göre ‘sınıf dışı’ çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte genişlikte daralma %30 azaldığı için MDO’ya göre de ‘iç mekân’ sınıfında değerlendirilebilir. Çünkü değerlendirmelerde bazı farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Örneğin standarttaki referans değerlerin geleneksel termo-işlem için belirlenmiş olup, literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarda da daralma değerlerinin işlem görmemiş malzeme standartlarına göre değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca DRM ve MDO’nun farklı sınıfta çıkmasında termo-vakum işleminin, geleneksel termo-işleme göre ahşabın farklı kimyasal özelliklerini değiştirmesinin etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF BIREG AND SENT SYSTEMS BY UKRAINIAN CARRIERS: ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Lukianenko Andrii
Published: November 2024

This scientific article examines the current aspects of the study and effective use of the Hungarian BIREG system and the Polish SENT system in the modern transport industry of Ukraine. The above-mentioned digital resources are systems of electronic registration and monitoring of transportation. They are considered as innovative tools aimed at increasing the level of automation and optimization of logistics processes in the field of transportation.
The article analyzes in detail the main opportunities and advantages offered by the BIREG and SENT systems for Ukrainian carriers, including improved vehicle control, route optimization, increased transportation safety, and provision of fast and efficient accounting and data processing. The article also discusses possible challenges and obstacles that may arise when using the BIREG and SENT system, and offers practical recommendations for overcoming them. In particular, special attention is paid to the adaptation of carriers to new technologies and the introduction of the necessary skills among the staff.
This scientific article contributes to the understanding of key aspects of the use of BIREG and SENT systems in the context of Ukrainian carriers and can serve as a basis for further research on improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the transport industry in Ukraine.
Keywords: motor carrier, carrier, driver, BIREG system, SENT system, Hungary, Poland.
From “open ocean” to “exposed aquaculture”: why and how we are changing the standard terminology describing “offshore aquaculture”
Authors: Sclodnick Tyler , Chambers Michael , Costa-Pierce Barry Antonio , Dewhurst Tobias , Goseberg Nils , Heasman Kevin Gerald , Isbert Wolf , Krause Gesche , Wieczorek Daniel , Markus Till , Buck Bela H.
Published: November 2024

The term “offshore” with regards to aquaculture has hitherto encompassed various perspectives, including technology, geographic location, legal jurisdiction, and more. To resolve the ambiguity in this term and understand its implications for current and future aquaculture development, “offshore” should be resolved into two separate metrics: distance from shore and energy exposure. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) distinguishes between internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and the high seas, but currently has no precise definition for “offshore” in its provisions, and therefore no applicable laws pertaining to “offshore” aquaculture. Regulating a multi-technology aquaculture sector may require integrating new spatial concepts into the law rather than merely adapting and extending current regulatory designs to include new production concepts. The metrics of distance from shore and exposure are seen as a range rather than a specific threshold, allowing for a continuum. Distance from shore is readily quantified as a distance from a baseline. To rigorously quantify the exposure, the influence and interactions of oceanic parameters (water depth, water current, and wave height and period) we utilized to generate six indices. These oceanic parameters are seen as the main contributions which influence the physical and some biological parameters required for site, species, and technology selection. Four shellfish, three seaweed, and three finfish sites along with 20 potential aquaculture sites were examined using the indices in association with the energy index to determine tolerances of the structures and their ability to cultivate their relevant species. Two indices, Specific Exposure Energy (SEE) and Exposure Velocity (EV), were selected for utilization in the analysis of sites based on their ease of use and applicability. The interaction between the energy indices and various aspects of farm operations and performance were explored. The indices developed and used in the case studies presented have been shown to be useful tools in the general assessment of the energy that will influence the species and equipment selection at potential aquaculture sites. The indices do not provide a definitive answer as to the potential financial success of a site as this requires other inputs relating to infrastructure costs, annual production, distance from port, sales strategy, etc. However, the Specific Exposure Energy index creates a useful tool to describe site energy and be comprehensible to a wide range of stakeholders. We recommend the SEE index be adopted as the predominant tool to communicate the exposure level of aquaculture sites.
Contribution of the paternal histone epigenome to the preimplantation embryo
Authors: Dodd Ashton R. , Luense Lacey J.
Published: November 2024

The paternal germline contains a plethora of information that extends beyond DNA. Packaged within the sperm cell is a wealth of epigenetic information, including DNA methylation, small RNAs, and chromatin associated histone proteins and their covalently attached post-translational modifications. Paternal chromatin is particularly unique, as during the process of spermatogenesis, nearly all histones are evicted from the genome with only a small percentage retained in the mature sperm cell. This paternal epigenetic information is encoded into chromatin during spermatogenesis and is delivered to the oocyte upon fertilization. The exact role of these paternally contributed histones to the embryo remains to be fully understood, however recent studies support the hypothesis that retained sperm histones act as a mechanism to poise genes for early embryonic gene activation. Evidence from multiple mammalian species suggests sperm histones are present at loci that are important for preimplantation embryo chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, abnormal sperm histone epigenomes result in infertility, poor embryogenesis, and offspring development. This mini-review describes recent advances in the field of paternal histone epigenetics and their potential roles in preimplantation embryo development.
Burn your fat—a unique DIY board game about triacylglycerol breakdown
Authors: Milonaitytė Dovilė , Kuda Ondrej
Published: November 2024

Understanding metabolic pathways is challenging for students due to their complex nature and intricate interdependencies. To address this problem, gamification has emerged as a promising approach to make scientific concepts accessible and engaging. We present a DIY educational activity focusing on lipid and glucose metabolism to clarify the basic principles of biochemical transformations and provide practical educational resources for lecturers. The activity is designed to be accessible and requires minimal resources, using physical media such as printed boards and dice. It consists of two parts: an introductory session where students build a triacylglycerol molecule and a board game where teams compete to metabolically break down triacylglycerols and obtain ATP. The process in governed by rules based on metabolic transformations, with players taking on roles as walkers, counters, transformers, and strategists to encourage cooperation. The game aligns with the theories of cognitivism and constructivism and emphasizes knowledge acquisition, the formation of mental structures, and active learning through experience. It promotes a socio-cultural perspective and the development of interpersonal skills by encouraging teamwork, cooperation, and problem-solving. The thematic focus on obesity provides real-world context, and the DIY concept, 3D printing capability, and potential for creating extensions encourage student engagement and customization. The activity effectively teaches metabolic networks to high school students, is helpful for graduate students in visualizing experimental problems, increased engagement in the classroom and interest in the life sciences. A simplified version has also been used for the general public at science fairs, highlighting its versatility and accessibility.
Multi-omic molecular characterization and diagnostic biomarkers for occult hepatitis B infection and HBsAg-positive hepatitis B infection
Authors: Jiang Xinyi , Tian Jinyue , Song Li , Meng Jiao , Yang Zhenkun , Qiao Weizhen , Zou Jian
Published: November 2024

Background

The pathological and physiological characteristics between HBsAg-positive HBV infection and occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) are currently unclear. This study aimed to explore the immune microenvironment in the peripheral circulation of OBI patients through integration of proteomic and metabolomic sequencing, and to identify molecular biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of HBsAg-positive HBV and OBI.

Methods

This research involved collection of plasma from 20 patients with OBI (negative for HBsAg but positive for HBV DNA, with HBV DNA levels < 200 IU/mL), 20 patients with HBsAg-positive HBV infection, and 10 healthy individuals. Mass spectrometry-based detection was used to analyze the proteome, while nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to study the metabolomic phenotypes. Differential molecule analysis, pathway enrichment and functional annotation, as well as weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), were conducted to uncover the characteristics of HBV-related liver disease. Prognostic biomarkers were identified using machine learning algorithms, and their validity was confirmed in a larger cohort using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

HBsAg-positive HBV individuals showed higher ALT levels (p=0.010) when compared to OBI patients. The influence of HBV infection on metabolic functions and inflammation was evident through the analysis of distinct metabolic pathways in HBsAg-positive HBV and OBI groups. Tissue tracing demonstrated a connection between Kupffer cells and HBsAg-positive HBV infection, as well as between hepatocytes and OBI. Immune profiling revealed the correlation between CD4 Tem cells, memory B cells and OBI, enabling a rapid response to infection reactivation through cytokine secretion and antibody production. A machine learning-constructed and significantly expressed molecule-based diagnostic model effectively differentiated HBsAg-positive and OBI groups (AUC values > 0.8). ELISA assay confirmed the elevation of FGB and FGG in OBI samples, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for distinguishing OBI from HBsAg-positive infection.

Conclusions

The immune microenvironment and metabolic status of HBsAg-positive HBV patients and OBI patients vary significantly. The machine learning-based diagnostic model described herein displayed impressive classification accuracy, presenting a non-invasive means of differentiating between OBI and HBsAg-positive HBV infections.
Line-parameter identification of medium-voltage distribution systems based on deep deterministic policy gradients
Authors: Jiang Xuebao , Fu Liudi , Zhou Chenbin , Chen Kang , Xu Yang , Wu Bowen
Published: November 2024

Accurate line-parameter identification is an important foundation for refined the regulation, protection, and control of distribution systems. Traditional identification models provide accurate modeling, while conventional identification approaches are hindered by the high complexity and low observability of power systems. In this article, a parameter identification method based on the deep deterministic policy gradient is proposed for medium voltage distribution systems. The proposed method starts with objective function constructing, followed by power flow analysis and parameter identification modeling, where the L2 normalization theory is introduced to improve the computation efficiency. On this basis, the parameter identification framework is constructed through designing the Markov decision process of a parameter and using a training mechanism. An adaptive parameter correction method is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of a deep-reinforcement-learning-based agent. The performance of the proposed modal is tested on IEEE 14-node and IEEE 33-node medium-voltage distribution systems. Case simulation results demonstrate that the proposed modal exhibits superior computational capability, while achieving fewer errors compared to traditional methods.
Quantifying the impact of environmental changes on migratory species: a model perturbation framework
Authors: Smith Phoebe , Adams Ben , Guiver Chris
Published: November 2024

Migratory species use different habitats and pathways across their migratory route. Pathway contribution metrics are transient metrics of population growth, derived from population models, and quantify the predicted contribution of an individual, travelling along a specified migratory route, to the total population over a specified length of time. Environmental disturbances or management actions may occur temporally or spatially throughout the process of migration. The impact that a given perturbation may have on pathway contribution metrics is not always obvious owing to the propagation of the perturbation through the migratory cycle. Here, we develop a general modelling framework that incorporates perturbations into a class of matrix migratory population models, and which quantifies the effect that perturbations to the model, in terms of the transition rates of habitats and pathways, have on pathway contribution metrics. We also detail how to calculate the sensitivity of pathway contribution metrics to the perturbations considered. Our framework may be used to provide insights into the impact that environmental disturbances or management actions have on migratory populations. These insights may be used to inform management actions which either buffer against possible deleterious disturbances or increase the population size through targeted interventions. Our theoretical results are illustrated via hypothetical examples and a model inspired by the monarch butterfly; we uncover results that are not clear from the calculation of the pathway contribution metrics alone.
Dual blockade of IL-17A and IL-36 pathways via a bispecific antibody exhibits enhanced anti-inflammatory potency
Authors: Ma Xiaojuan , Zhang Shuang , Ren Xiaochen , Feng Yujie , Li Hui , Chen Shi , Xu Jingen , Wang Yanting , Peng Guo-yuan , Yan Qingran , Jia Huifeng , Xia Simin , Cui Xiaopei , Chen Xiaofang , Pan Xianfei , Wang Shaojie , Yu Haijia , Wei Xiaoyue , Li Mingwei , Liu Bei , Xu Jingyue , Qian Qiaoxia , Zhu Xiangyang , Zhan Yifan , Lu Liangjing
Published: November 2024

Antibody drugs targeting single inflammatory cytokines have revolutionized the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. To investigate whether dual targeting interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-36 enhances anti-inflammatory activity, bispecific Ab HB0043 was generated by linking the single chain fragment variables (scFvs) from humanized anti-IL-36R antibody (HB0034) to the C-terminus of the heavy chain of anti-IL-17A IgG1 (HB0017) Fc using a flexible peptide linker. HB0043 largely maintained the binding affinities and biological activities of the two parent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in vitro. IL-17 and IL-36 cooperated to amplify the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). However, HB0043 more effectively blocked IL-6 and IL-8 production in NHDF stimulated by IL-17A and IL-36 compared to two monoclonal antibodies. In a mouse model of Oxazolone (OXA)-induced atopic dermatitis and Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation, administration of both anti-IL17A mAb HB0017 and anti-mouse IL-36R surrogate antibody HB0034SA showed improved effectiveness in alleviating skin thickening and inflammation based on histological assessment. Further, in cynomolgus monkeys, HB0043 showed no enhanced target-related toxicity compared with the two parental mAbs in vivo and with a moderate increase in production of anti-drug antibodies. Together, dual blockade of IL-17A and IL-36R in the form of a bispecific antibody may have advantages in blocking the overlapping and non-overlapping functions of these two cytokines in skin inflammation that could not optimally be curtailed with single mAbs. In conclusion, as monotherapy may reach therapeutic celling for certain difficult-to-treat inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, dual targeting could potentially pave a way to combat these diseases.
Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics
Authors: Moulton Chantalle , Baroni Anna , Quagliarini Erica , Leone Lucia , Digiacomo Luca , Morotti Marta , Caracciolo Giulio , Podda Maria Vittoria , Tasciotti Ennio
Published: November 2024

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to modulate immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), offering new opportunities for nanotherapeutic interventions in neurological disorders. NPs can serve as carriers for immunomodulatory agents or platforms for delivering nucleic acid-based therapeutics to regulate gene expression and modulate immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NP-mediated immune modulation in preclinical models of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. While challenges remain, advancements in NPs engineering and design have led to the development of NPs using diverse strategies to overcome these challenges. The nano-bio interface with the immune system is key in the conceptualization of NPs to efficiently act as nanotherapeutics in the CNS. The biomolecular corona plays a pivotal role in dictating NPs behavior and immune recognition within the CNS, giving researchers the opportunity to optimize NPs design and surface modifications to minimize immunogenicity and enhance biocompatibility. Here, we review how NPs interact with the CNS immune system, focusing on immunosurveillance of NPs, NP-induced immune reprogramming and the impact of the biomolecular corona on NPs behavior in CNS immune responses. The integration of NPs into CNS nanotherapeutics offers promising opportunities for addressing the complex challenges of acute and chronic neurological conditions and pathologies, also in the context of preventive and rehabilitative medicine. By harnessing the nano-bio immune interface and understanding the significance of the biomolecular corona, researchers can develop targeted, safe, and effective nanotherapeutic interventions for a wide range of CNS disorders to improve treatment and rehabilitation. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize the treatment landscape of neurological diseases, offering promising solutions for improved patient care and quality of life in the future.