bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of vitamin D on the speed and quality of pediatric fracture healing
Authors: Hendrych Jan , Havránek Petr , Bayer Milan , Čepelík Martin , Pešl Tomáš
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the speed and quality of pediatric fracture healing.

Methods:

A 4-year prospective study of healthy children with shaft fractures of the forearm bones (treated with minimally invasive osteosynthesis) or femur (treated by traction or by minimally invasive osteosynthesis). All children had their vitamin D levels examined four times—at the time of the injury, 1, 3, and 5 months after the injury. Also, all children underwent radiograph follow-ups (same time as blood tests) to evaluate fracture healing. Children were, in the beginning, blindly divided into two similarly sized groups—one group was orally administered cholecalciferol throughout the follow-up, the second group was not, and we compared those groups.

Results:

Altogether, 63 children were included in the study—36 supplemented and 27 non-supplemented. In supplemented children, the vitamin D levels increased statistically significantly during the follow-up period, in contrast to the non-supplemented group. The fracture healing on radiographs was also statistically significantly faster and better in the supplemented group. When we divided children according to fracture type, we observed statistically significantly better fracture healing in children with forearm fractures in the supplemented group for the whole study period. In children with femoral fractures, the healing in the supplemented group was statistically significantly better after 3 months; however, after 1 and 5 months, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Based on our results, we recommend vitamin D testing and administration for children treated for forearm and femoral fractures.

Level of evidence:

Level I.
What is the Relationship Between Time in Range, Time in Tight Range, and HbA1c in Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes? Results From the German/Austrian/Luxembourgian/Swiss Diabetes Prospective Follow-Up Registry
Authors: Burckhardt Marie-Anne , Auzanneau Marie , Rosenbauer Joachim , Binder Elisabeth , Weiskorn Jantje , Hess Melanie , Klinkert Christof , Mirza Joaquina , Zehnder Lara-Sophie , Wenzel Sandra , Placzek Kerstin , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Time in range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL) is an established marker of glycemic control. More recently, time in tight range (TTR, 70-140 mg/dL) has been proposed as well. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between TIR, TTR, and HbA1c in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the German/Austrian/Luxembourgian/Swiss Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) registry.

Methods:

Data of youth and young adults aged ≤25 years with T1D for >3 months, documented in the DPV registry between 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. The most recent available HbA1c and corresponding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles in the 12 preceding weeks with at least 80% completeness were included. Associations were investigated using correlation and adjusted regression models.

Results:

1901 individuals (median age 14.0 years [IQR 10.4-16.9]) were included in the analysis. TIR and TTR correlated strongly, r = 0.965 (95% CI [0.962, 0.968]), P < .001. TTR estimates predicted from TIR were significantly higher in the group with high coefficient of variation (CV group ≥ 36%), P < .001. Correlations between TIR or TTR and HbA1c were both strong, r = −0.764 (95% CI [−0.782, −0.745]) and r = −0.777 (95% CI [−0.795, −0.759]), both P < .001, with no significant difference ( P = .312) However, adjusted regression models indicated a slightly better fit for the prediction of HbA1c from TIR compared with TTR.

Conclusions:

Based on large, real-world data from a multinational registry, TIR and TTR correlated strongly, and both showed a good prediction of HbA1c. TTR estimates predicted from TIR were significantly higher in people with high glucose variability (CV).
Navigating Funding Benchmarks: A Research Note
Authors: Will Jeffry A. , Cheney Timothy J.
Published: November 2024

The Magnolia Project has served a section of “the Northwest Corridor” of Jacksonville, FL, providing reproductive and well-woman care and intensive case management to reduce infant mortality in the African American community for more than a quarter century. As a grantee of the Federal Healthy Start Program, the Magnolia Project must adhere to certain benchmarks concerning women’s health, strengthening families, and promoting system change. As with many U.S. Federal funded initiatives, these benchmarks are known to change over time. In this paper, we examine a snapshot from the 2019 to 2022 grant period to assess how the Magnolia Project fared with the federally required benchmarks.
Challenges in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis in four travelers: a case series
Authors: Moreira Sarmiento Carolina , Crowder Guy , Meatherall Bonnie , Bezemer Jacob , Hwang Yenjean , Gordon Ariel , Mumtaz Aisha , Jackson Brittany , Ramírez Juan David , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Bajrovic Valida
Published: November 2024

We describe a group of four travelers returning to the United States and Canada who acquired Leishmania braziliensis infection in the Peruvian Amazon. Pentavalent antimonials are the preferred treatment option for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in most endemic countries in Central and South America. However, we initially treated our patients with liposomal amphotericin B (LAB) and miltefosine since these are the only two available Food and Drug Administration approved drugs in the United States. Refractory disease was common as three of the four travelers required repeated courses of miltefosine and two also received LAB. One patient required intravenous therapy with meglumine antimoniate (NMG), and one received intralesional NMG. Given the increasing number of cases of CL identified in the United States, there is an urgent need for expanded access to pentavalent antimonials for treating leishmaniasis acquired in Central and South America.
Posterior cardiac drain for atrial fibrillation after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Koga Yuichi , Sato Manabu , Sadashima Eiji , Ushigusa Jun , Kawasaki Hiromitsu , Kamohara Keiji
Published: November 2024

Background:

Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurs in 27% to 40% of patients after cardiac surgery. One cause of postoperative atrial fibrillation is pericardial effusion, which can be a significant source of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of a drain placed in a posterior site to the heart to reduce pericardial effusion in the early postoperative period to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation.

Methods:

Participants were patients who underwent initial standby aortic valve replacement at Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan from January 2010 to December 2021. Patients with a history of atrial fibrillation, complex surgery, or emergency surgery were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups: those with a posterior cardiac drain in addition to the usual intrapericardial and subpleural drains from September 2017 (group P) and those without posterior cardiac drain from January 2010 to August 2017 (group N). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the usefulness of posterior cardiac drain.

Results:

Of the 79 patients included the study, 40 were male and groups P and N comprised 27 and 52 patients, respectively. Of the 79 patients, 32 developed postoperative atrial fibrillation; among whom, 7/27 (25.9%) had posterior cardiac drain and 25/52 (48.1%) had no posterior cardiac drain ( p = 0.09). When adjusted for body surface area, left ventricular end-diastolic and left atrial diameter, the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in group P than in group N (adjusted odds ratio 0.270, 95% confidence interval 0.077–0.953, p = 0.042). Furthermore, no patient in the group P underwent postoperative thoracentesis in the subanalysis.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that early postoperative reduction of pericardial effusion by posterior cardiac drain placement may reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation.
Poorly differentiated sebaceous carcinoma of the lacrimal sac in a young adult: A case report
Authors: Pal Sandeep , Patidar Narendra , R Ashik , Arora Agrawal Poonam , Tekam Dev Kumar
Published: November 2024

Lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct tumors are extremely rare, and most of them are malignant tumors, which are often misdiagnosed as chronic dacryocystitis. We herein report a rare case of a 29-year-old female, presented with a history of watering in the right eye associated with a rapidly progressive mass for 4 months near the medial canthus. Further clinical examination revealed firm, non-tender mass occupying the lacrimal sac fossa extending above the medial canthus. The systemic examination was unremarkable, with a palpable right submandibular lymph node palpable. Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) orbit revealed a well-defined mass at the medial canthus extending into the osseous nasolacrimal canal. An excision biopsy was performed, and histopathology revealed a poorly differentiated sebaceous carcinoma of the lacrimal sac. The oncologist advised CECT chest, face, and neck post-surgery, which revealed malignant neoplastic changes at the right lacrimal sac region and lacrimal duct with metastasis at right nodes I b, II, V, and left nodes I b and II. Five-month follow-up showed no signs of recurrence.
Front-Line Insights Into the Social Determinants of Health in Housing Instability: A Multi-Province Study
Authors: Draper Ethan C. , Burgess Heather J. , Chisholm Cheryl , Mazerolle Erin L. , Barker Conor
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Individuals experiencing housing instability face significant health inequities. Addressing housing instability requires an understanding of the factors that contribute to these inequities—a responsibility that has been assumed by community-based organizations. Interviewing individuals from 3 Canadian provinces, the present study aimed to examine the perspectives of individuals from front-line services of the social determinants of health (SDoH) needs of individuals experiencing housing instability.

Methods:

As part of a larger knowledge translation study, we conducted 8 semi-structured interviews with individuals from front-line services (eg, shelter workers and shelter mental health nurses) in Canada (Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) and used thematic analysis to identify predominant unmet SDoH needs.

Results:

Individuals from front-line services discussed the roles of many SDoH that may perpetuate housing instability in their clients. These included: (1) limited social supports; (2) poor access to health services; (3) poor opportunities for income and employment; (4) lack of transportation; (5) gender-based discrimination; (6) race-based discrimination; and (7) limited access to education and limited literacy skills.

Conclusion:

This study reveals how front-line service providers observe SDoH factors contributing to housing instability and create barriers to accessing support services. They advocate for a multi-system approach to addressing intersecting SDoH factors to validate clients’ experiences and help them achieve stable housing. Additionally, more research and consultation with front-line providers are necessary to understand and overcome systemic barriers to stable housing.
Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial Well-Being of COVID-19 Frontline Health Workers in Uganda
Authors: Twinamasiko Nelson , Twimukye Adelline , Gwokyalya Anna Maria , Nakityo Innocent , Wasswa Enock , Sserunjogi Emmanuel , Olum Ronald , Lamorde Mohammed , Mayanja Harriet Kizza , Rwamafa Pius
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to mental health problems and various challenges that impacted their job satisfaction. We explored the job satisfaction and psychosocial/mental well-being of COVID-19 frontline HCWs in Uganda. This was a mixed-methods study conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital (ERRH), and Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI). A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire and Four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used for data collection. A five-point Likert scale was used for the quantitative data to measure mental well-being and job satisfaction. Bloom’s cut-off was used to categorize participants’ job satisfaction and mental well-being into good (≥80%), moderate (60% - <80%), and poor (<60%). FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically using NVivo version 12 software. 218 participants participated in the quantitative survey and 24 of them further participated in the FGDs. 51.4% ( n = 112) were males, aged 18 to 39 years (77.5%, n = 169) and 50.9% ( n = 111) were at MNRH. Overall, 54%, 28%, and 18% of the participants reported moderate, good, and poor job satisfaction respectively. Satisfaction with salary (2.6 ± 1.2) and compensation (risk) allowances (2.4 ± 1.3) was particularly low. Furthermore, 35%, 33%, and 32% of the participants reported moderate, good, and poor mental well-being respectively. Anxiety, burnout, stigma, and discrimination contributed to poor psychosocial/mental well-being. Less than half of the frontline HCWs reported good job satisfaction and psychosocial/mental well-being. There is a need for prioritization of the psychosocial well-being of frontline HCWs, in addition to improvement of remuneration systems.
Worldwide Trends in Public Procurement Efficiency Studies Under the Lens of Award Criteria
Authors: Gálvez-Rodríguez María del Mar , López-Godoy Manuel , Saraite-Sariene Laura , Caba-Pérez Carmen
Published: November 2024

This study aims to review the existing research on public procurement efficiency related to the evaluation criteria in the bid process. These can be grouped into two main approaches based on the lowest price criterion (LP) or via a multi-criteria assessment (MC). To this end, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, including an advanced search by topic and content analysis. The results of the analysis were documents published from 2006 to the beginning of May 2024 by authors from 47 countries. Of these, 79 were related to the LP criterion and 125 to the MC assessment. The main findings of this study show that the research on efficiency in public procurement has evolved towards the use of both monetary and non-monetary criteria. This trend is more prevalent in countries with high economic performance. Despite public procurement efficiency being an international topic, more collaboration among researchers from different countries is necessary. Moreover, this study shows the focus on research on metrics and initiatives for implementing environmental criteria and the need to pay more attention to social efficiency.
Critical Thinking Evaluation Scale: Design and Validation in a Colombian Population
Authors: Rodríguez-Rojas María-Paula , Ramírez-Segura Ana-María , Valenzuela-Mora Pedro , Dampuré Julien , Riveros Munévar Fernando
Published: November 2024

Critical thinking stands out as one of the most important cognitive abilities needed for effective adaptation to a knowledge-based society in the 21st century. Despite its significance, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the conceptual and methodological frameworks for measuring it. This study aimed to design and validate a comprehensive assessment scale for critical thinking. A specification table was constructed based on the critical thinking components agreed upon in the current literature, from which corresponding items were formulated and subsequently validated by expert judges. Following adjustments to the test, 258 Colombian participants completed it. Sample adequacy (KMO), Bartlett’s sphericity, and collinearity were confirmed, and the results underwent exploratory factor analysis. Reliability analysis was conducted using McDonald’s ω, Cronbach’s α, Guttman’s λ6, and Greatest Lower Bound (GLB) statistics. The final test comprised 17 items organized into 2 constituent factors, demonstrating robust content and internal structure validity, as well as high levels of precision and internal consistency (overall GLB of .93). The Critical Thinking Evaluation Scale (CTES) exhibits validity and reliability for use within the Colombian population. Its adaptation for other contexts and countries, both Spanish and English-speaking, is recommended. The Spanish version, along with the validated English version for potential adaptations, and scoring norms are provided in the attached documents.
Predictors and Barriers to Breastfeeding Practices Among Jordanian Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Mawajdeh Sajeda Reyad , Obeidat Hala Mahmoud , Ababneh Alaa Ahmad , Al-Ajarmeh Kholoud Ghaleb , Khamaiseh Abdullah Mousa Saeed , Khresheh Reham Mohammed , Basha Asma Sa’d
Published: November 2024

Breastfeeding, endorsed by religious, cultural, and scientific evidence, experiences divergent rates in Jordan due to substantial sociodemographic and cultural variations. Our aim is to explore the predictors and barriers that affect BF practices among mothers in Southern Jordan, in order to insight the healthcare providers to identify these barriers in order to increase awareness for the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 mothers with infant 2 weeks to 6 months old. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. Findings revealed exclusive breastfeeding at 24%, mixed feeding at 57.63%, and artificial feeding at 18.42%. The study illuminated pronounced barriers in socio-environmental factors (1.65 ± 0.32), infant factors (1.63 ± 0.37), and maternal (1.59 ± 0.27). Predictors encompassed maternal age, education, employment, province, income, family member, delivery mode, and prior breastfeeding experience. In South Jordan, mixed feeding was the commonest way. Mothers’ work and lack of nursery at the workplace was the most noticeable factor. This study equips healthcare providers to recognize barriers hampering breastfeeding among Jordanian mothers, enabling informed strategies to enhance awareness and sustain breastfeeding initiation and continuation.
Pocketbook Voting in India’s 18th Parliamentary Elections (2024)
Authors: Alam Mohd. Sanjeer
Published: November 2024

The economic theory of voting has long remained a cornerstone in the study of voting behaviour, especially in economically developed democracies. At the heart of it is the assumption that economic contexts shape voting choice and influence electoral outcomes as management of the economy is an important function of governments and that citizens hold elected representatives accountable for the nation’s as well as family’s economic situation. Voters support ruling party candidates when they think the incumbent government has delivered on the economic front—creation of employment opportunities, keeping price of essential goods and services under control, rise in income across social layers and so on. In India, much of the analysis of voting behaviour is focused on shifting allegiance of support across social constituencies—particularly caste and religion. Economic factors of voting choices have received little attention to the extent as if they do not matter. However, analysis of NES (2024) data suggests that economic factors swayed a significant chunk of voters and thus influenced the final electoral outcomes. Anchored in economic theoretical context of voting behaviour, this article particularly examines whether there was pocketbook voting and whether it influenced the electoral outcomes of the 18th general election to Lok Sabha (2024). The findings show that pocketbook voting had significant and substantial effect on political preference.
Shaping of the Woman Constituency in Indian Elections: Evidence from the NES Data
Authors: Deshpande Rajeshwari
Published: November 2024

This article studies the patterns of women’s vote in the Lok Sabha elections in India in 2024. It draws upon the National Election Studies (NES) data of 2024 and of previous years to address three key questions related to women’s vote in Indian elections. The first is about the extent of Indian women’s political participation in the wake of increased turnout of women voters and the closing of the gender gap. The second question is about the extent of women’s support to the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) as their favoured party. In the absence of conclusive evidence on gender-wise patterns of vote, there have been several tentative and speculative analyses regarding the increasing support of women voters to the BJP both at the regional and national elections, especially since 2014. The article uses the unique window of the NES data sets to understand and decipher women’s support for the BJP and other political parties on a timeline. Finally, from within the confines of the empirical evidence provided by the NES data sets, it also tries to address a rather nuanced question of the arrival of women’s agency in the electoral democracy in India. With the help of the NES data sets, it tries to understand whether women vote mainly as women, prioritizing their gendered identities over other kinds of identities, and whether their voting patterns indicate the arrival of an autonomous women’s constituency in Indian democracy.
Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: A Rare Diagnosis Treated With Polatuzumab Vedotin
Authors: Sharma Rupam , Orogian Arin , Garcia-Pacheco Ralph , Trang Tung , Clarke Matthew , Stull William , Kim Stanley
Published: November 2024

Primary thyroid lymphoma is one of the rare and distinct type of extra nodal lymphomas originating within the thyroid gland. It accounts for less than 5% of all thyroid malignancies and 2% of extra nodal lymphomas. It predominantly affects older adults, with a higher incidence in women. Patients typically present with a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass, accompanied by clinical symptoms of compression such as dysphagia, dyspnea, and hoarseness. Diagnosis is established through a combination of fine-needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, and advanced imaging techniques. Standard treatment involves a multimodal strategy of chemotherapy, often with the addition of radiotherapy and surgical intervention. Herein presented is the first reported case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with Pola-R-CHP.
Dismissed, Dormant, and Deep-rooted Immigration Distractions and Undocumented College Students’ Academic Experiences
Authors: Millán Daniel
Published: November 2024

Evolving or stagnant immigration laws and policies may distinctly shape the experiences of undocumented students by shifting access to rights or opportunities. I draw upon 30 interviews with college students in California to analyze how they encountered legal vulnerability. I argue that legal vulnerability can be dismissed, dormant, or deep-rooted, producing contrasting experiences. Inclusive state and institutional policies set the stage for some students to dismiss legal vulnerability and decouple vulnerability from their academic experiences. However, most encountered dormant legal vulnerability through awakened racist xenophobia following the 2016 presidential election and deep-rooted legal vulnerability via persistent uncertainty about their futures or worries over family. Distracted students lost focus, motivation, and study time, which impacted their classroom participation and overall academic performance. Yet, they attempted to improve their academic engagement with limited effectiveness. Altogether, I theorize the relationship between different types of legal vulnerability and undocumented students’ college experiences.
Book review: Riho Isaka, Language, Identity, and Power in Modern India Gujarat, c.1850–1960
Authors: Sharma Shivam
Published: November 2024

Riho Isaka, Language, Identity, and Power in Modern India Gujarat, c.1850–1960 (London and New York: Routledge, 2023), 206 pp. ₹11,790 (Hardcover), ₹4,365 (Paperback). ISBN: 9781032 011066 (Hardcover/Paperback)
Circulating collagen breakdown products as a biomarker for presence and instability of human intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Hackenberg Katharina AM , Richter Peter , Hetjens Svetlana , Dreier Rita , Ratliff Thomas , Akanji Oluwadamilola , Dremel Judith , Abdulazim Amr , Al Masalmeh Ibrahim , Alzghloul Mansour , Neumaier-Probst Eva , Groden Christoph , Chou Sherry H-Y , Rinkel Gabriel JE , Etminan Nima
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

There is an unmet need for improved detection of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and distinction between stable and unstable (high rupture risk) IAs. Within the IA wall, synthesis and degradation of type I collagen as the main molecular constituent balance each other to maintain IA stability. We hypothesized that collagen breakdown products could serve as molecular markers for IA presence and instability.

Patients and methods:

This prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study included patients with unstable (growing/symptomatic/ruptured) and stable IAs and controls. We determined C-telopeptide (CTx) and c-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) as breakdown products of type I collagen in arterial and venous blood.

Results:

We included 107 participants with IAs (52 stable/44 unstable) and 41 controls. The correlation between intra-aneurysmal and venous levels was r = 0.63 ( p < 0.001) for ICTP, r = 0.55 ( p = 0.001) for CTx. The odds of harboring an IA were five times higher for participants with high compared to low venous levels of collagen breakdown products (ICTP: odds ratio (OR) 4.9 (95% CI 1.1–22.7); CTx: OR 5.3 (95% CI 1.4–20.0)). The OR for having an unstable IA was 9.3 (95% CI 2.1–41.5) for patients with high compared to low venous ICTP levels. The area under the curve for ICTP levels as a marker for IA instability was 0.75.

Discussion and conclusion:

Increased levels of venous collagen breakdown products, especially ICTP levels, could serve as a biomarker for IA presence and instability and complement current data for management of unruptured IAs on an individual patient level. Future studies with longitudinal data are needed to validate ICTP as a biomarker for high risk IAs.
The discourses of Ba’al Shem Tov (Besht) Street in Jaffa: From displacement to placement
Authors: Gigi Moti , Kedem Alona
Published: November 2024

In Israel, as in most countries, most urban renewal involves gentrification and displacement of residents Ba’al Shem Tov (Besht) Jaffa, is an outlier in this landscape. There, 180 families inhabit ten tenements—one-third renting and nearly all the others owning their dwellings. Half of the residents are Jewish and the rest Arab, and most are lower-middle class. Those dwelling in this hardscrabble neighborhood live with a sense of displaceability reflected in neglect and continual tension amid initial urban-renewal processes that will force them to decide whether and how to remain in the neighborhood and, if they choose to leave, to weigh their alternatives. What might have ended with displacement ended with placeability. In this article, we ask: What happened here? Why was it exceptional? What can it teach us about urban renewal and displaceability? The answers center on the involvement of a law clinic that undertook to steward the project and a “random coalition” that applied collective governance. The outcomes, placeability and regulation of urban renewal instead of displaceability and displacement, are studied in view of the overlapping and clashing interests of the developer, the clinic, and the residents, as well as their relations.
Food Insecurity and Depressive Symptoms Among Persons With Diabetes in the United States: Findings From the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
Authors: McClintock Heather F. , Edmonds Sarah , Okronipa Harriet
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine whether food insecurity increases risk for depressive symptoms among adults with diabetes. Food insecurity is associated with depression in the general population. However, minimal research has examined this relationship among persons with diabetes.

Methods

Adults with diabetes were identified from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Food insecurity status was measured with the USDA 10-item food insecurity scale. Participants were categorized as food secure, low food security, and very low food security. The association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms was examined using weighted logistic regression, adjusting for potentially influential covariates (age, sex, ethnicity, poverty to income ratio, education, diabetes type, body mass index, region, and general health).

Results

Among 2595 persons with diabetes, nearly one third (29.8%) reported symptoms of depression. Over one tenth (11.7%) had low or very low food security. Persons who had low or very low food security were more than twice as likely to report depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.15, 95% CI, 1.39-3.32; AOR = 3.84, 95% CI, 2.28-6.45, respectively). Persons who were older, had higher income, and better general health were less likely to report depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Among adults with diabetes, low or very low food security was associated with increased risk for depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and depressive symptoms among persons with diabetes.
What Do Financial Executives Say about Corporate Culture and Strategy?
Authors: Graham John R. , Grennan Jillian , Harvey Campbell R. , Rajgopal Shivaram
Published: November 2024

John Graham, Jillian Grennan, Campbell Harvey, and Shivaram Rajgopal describe how financial executives understand when, how, and why strategy and culture influence a firm’s performance.
Measuring Culture for Strategic Success
Authors: Chatman Jennifer A.
Published: November 2024

Jennifer A. Chatman describes how leaders can more precisely measure their organization’s culture to ensure that it is aligned with their strategy, facilitating its execution. She details both quantitative and qualitative approaches including the Organizational Culture Profile, natural language processing, and ethnography.
How Artificial Intelligence Can Enrich Our Understanding of Organizational Culture
Authors: Goldberg Amir , Srivastava Sameer B.
Published: November 2024

Amir Goldberg and Sameer B. Srivastava provide three concrete illustrations of how managers can use AI to better understand and more effectively manage organizational culture.
Experimentation Culture: Defend Learning against Intellectual Laziness
Authors: Deniz Berk Can
Published: November 2024

The wrong organizational culture can cause a firm’s experimentation efforts to fail. Berk Can Deniz describes how executives can avoid this pitfall by building a testing-learning flywheel.
Addressing Dietary-Related Health Disparities in Underserved Communities: Outcomes From a 24-Month Pilot, Subsidized Food Prescription Program in the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Arnold Austin , Zigmont Victoria , Sefidmooye Azar Pouria , Barannik Kima , Cafer Anne , Rosenthal Meagen
Published: November 2024

Background: This study examines the outcomes of the 24-months Charleston FoodRx food prescription program implemented in rural Mississippi to address dietary-related health disparities.

Purpose: Examine changes in participant produce consumption, food seccurity, and anthropometrics over a 24-month period.

Research Design: A one-group, repeated measures design, was utilized to assess changes in produce consumption, food security, and anthropometric data from baseline.

Study Sample: A total of 55 households completed the study.

Data analyses: longitudinal and regression analyses were conducted to identify significant change over time.

Results: Results indicated an increase in weekly produce consumption, and a decrease in the prevalence of food insecurity over the follow-up periods. Among adults, statistically significant reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and triglyceride levels were observed at the 24-month endpoint.

Conclusions: These outcomes support the efficacy of food prescription programs in promoting healthier dietary behaviors and improving health-related outcomes. The study provides valuable insights into the impact of such interventions on dietary-related health disparities in underserved communities. However, more robust research is needed to maximize the potential of these interventions.
Unveiling the therapeutic potential of anthocyanin/cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against breast and liver cancers
Authors: Awad Mai G. , Hanafy Nemany A. N. , Ali Ramadan A. , El‑Monem Dalia D. Abd , El-Shafiey Sara H. , El‑Magd Mohammed A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Liver and breast cancers are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, prompting researchers to seek natural anticancer agents and reduce chemotherapy side effects. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris Linnaeus), rich in polyphenols and powerful antioxidants, has shown potential in cancer prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of red beetroot-derived anthocyanin (Ant), Ant-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Ant NPs), cisplatin (Cis), Cis-loaded chitosan (Cis NPs), and Cis + Ant-loaded chitosan NPs on human hepatoma HepG2 and breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cell lines.

Methods

NPs preparation was evaluated by zeta potential, FTIR, and SEM. The cytotoxic, apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects were assessed by MTT assay, qPCR, AO/EB staining, and flow cytometry.

Results

Treatment with Ant, Ant NPs, Cis, Cis NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 and MCF7 with best effect in Cis-treated cells. The anticancer effects were attributed to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis (with high Bax and low Bcl2 expression), chromatin disintegration, and cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phases. All treatments inhibited migration by downregulating the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulating the anti-migratory gene TIMP1 and decreased the angiogenesis-related gene VEGF and the inflammatory gene TNFα with best results in Cis NPs-treated cells. Interestingly, Ant, Ant NPs, and Cis + Ant NPs increased the antioxidant status (high GSH and upregulated expression of Nrf2 and OH-1) and decreased drug resistance-related MAPK1 and MDR1 genes compared to Cis and Cis NPs-treated cells.

Conclusions

Anthocyanin and cisplatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively combat breast and liver cancers by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and reducing inflammation. They also inhibit tumor spread and blood vessel formation through downregulation of MMP9 and VEGF, highlighting their therapeutic potential.
What do community paramedics in Germany do regarding the care of older people? A retrospective, descriptive analysis of low-acuity cases
Authors: Obst Anna Lena , Seeger Insa , Hoffmann Falk
Published: November 2024

Background

Non-life-threatening cases treated by emergency services have been increasing in recent years, especially in older people. In a region in Germany with approximately 600,000 inhabitants, the role of a specially trained community paramedic (Gemeindenotfallsanitäter, G-NFS) was introduced in 2019. The G-NFS is dispatched to low-acuity requests, attends the assignment alone and is allowed to treat patients at home.

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyse the assignments attended by the G-NFS relating to the suspected diagnoses, with a focus on older people (≥ 65 years) according to their care setting.

Methods

In this descriptive, retrospective study, we analysed the anonymous assignment report forms 07/2023–12/2023 of cases where patients were aged ≥ 65 years. The suspected diagnoses (free text field) were categorised according to the International Classification of Primary Care 2nd Edition (ICPC-2) scheme. Furthermore, baseline characteristics, urgency of the assignment, provided measures, transport and further treatment were analysed, stratified by care setting.

Results

Of the 1,643 included anonymous assignment report forms, 52.9% (n = 869) related to patients aged ≥ 65 years. In this population, the mean age was 80.7 years (SD 8.2), 49.6% were female and most were in long-term care, whether as home care recipients (34.8%) or as nursing home residents (26.9%). The most frequent diagnoses were categorised as urological (24.9%), general and unspecified (13.7%), circulatory (13.6%), digestive (12.8%), musculoskeletal (11.5%) and respiratory (10.3%). In 52.7% of the cases no transport was necessary, while 73.7% of urological cases did not need to be transported.

Conclusion

The G-NFS was dispatched mainly to older people. Most of them were in long-term care and were not transported. The most common suspected diagnoses were categorised as urological, followed by general and unspecified, and circulatory, and differed by care setting. There is a strong need to strengthen outpatient healthcare structures for low-acuity health issues in older and immobile patients.
Quality priorities related to the management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: results from the COMPAS + quality improvement collaborative
Authors: Gaid Dina , Giasson Guylaine , Gaboury Isabelle , Houle Lise , Layani Géraldine , Menear Matthew , de Tilly Véronique Noël , Pomey Marie-Pascale , Vachon Brigitte
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aims to describe the main type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) quality improvement (QI) challenges identified by primary care teams in the province of Quebec who participated in the COMPAS + QI collaborative.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was used to analyse the results of 8 COMPAS + workshops conducted in 4 regions of the province between 2016 and 2020. Deductive content analysis was performed to classify the reported QI priorities under the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains; and proposed change strategies under the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) intervention functions.

Results

A total of 177 participants attended the T2DM COMPAS + workshops. Three QI priorities were identified: (1) lack of coordination and integration of T2DM care and services; (2) lack of preventive services for pre-diabetes and T2DM; and (3) lack of integration of the patients-as-partners approach to support T2DM self-management. The proposed QI strategies to address those priorities were classified under the education, training, persuasion, habilitation and restructuring BCW intervention functions.

Conclusion

This study provides insights on how QI collaboratives can support the identification of QI priorities and strategies to improve T2DM management in primary care.
Evaluation of different inflammatory markers during the infection of domestic cats (Felis catus) by Cystoisospora felis (Coccidia: Apicomplexa)
Authors: Attia Marwa M. , Barsoum Sara S. , Baghdadi Hanadi B. A. , Mahdy Olfat A. , EL Gameel Sohila M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Cystoisospora felis or Isospora felis is a ubiquitous apicomplexan protozoon parasite infecting domestic cats worldwide.

Objectives of the study

this study aims to identify the causative agent of diarrhea in cats by determining several elevating stressors caused by these coccidian protozoans with molecular characterization. So, from January 2023 to April 2023, a total of 370 domestic cats were hospitalized at various clinics in the Cairo and Giza Governorates. Fecal samples were taken from these animals and examined by concentration floatation techniques using a saturated salt solution. The positive samples were sporulated to identify the collected oocyst. Venous blood was taken from the infected cats to evaluate the associated oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation products (MDA).

Results

Out of 370 examined domestic cats, 27(7.29%) were positive for C. felis. The MDA levels increased with age, and females were higher than males. DNA was extracted from fecal samples for amplification of the ITS1 gene, followed by sequencing. The ITS1 gene was amplified and showed bands at 224 bp. The partial nucleotide sequence of the ITS1 gene was aligned with the reference sequences.

In a conclusion

C. felis increases the free radicals, which in turn means the animals have stress and need a schedule to treat these animals with new, safe protocol drugs that give no resistance and are highly efficient.
The association between the stress hyperglycaemia ratio and mortality in cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Esdaile Harriet , Khan Shaila , Mayet Jamil , Oliver Nick , Reddy Monika , Shah Anoop S. V.
Published: November 2024

Background

A raised stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR) has been associated with all-cause mortality and may better discriminate than an absolute glucose value. The aim of this meta analysis and systematic review is to synthesise the evidence assessing the relationship between the SHR and all-cause mortality across three common cardiovascular presentations.

Methods

We undertook a comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science from the date of inception to 1st March 2024, and selected articles meeting the following criteria: studies of patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or acute heart failure reporting the risk (odds ratio or hazard ratio) for all-cause mortality associated with the SHR. A random effects model was used for primary analysis. Subgroup analysis by diabetes status and of mortality in the short and long term was undertaken. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment scale.

Results

A total of 32 studies were included: 26 studies provided 31 estimates for the meta-analysis. The total study population in the meta analysis was 80,010. Six further studies were included in the systematic review. Participants admitted to hospital with cardiovascular disease and an SHR in the highest category had a significantly higher risk ratio of all-cause mortality in both the short and longer term compared with those with a lower SHR (RR = 1.67 [95% CI 1.46–1.91], p < 0.001). This finding was driven by studies in the myocardial infarction (RR = 1.75 [95% CI 1.52–2.01]), and ischaemic stroke cohorts (RR = 1.78 [95% CI 1.26–2.50]). The relationship was present amongst those with and without diabetes (diabetes: RR 1.49 [95% CI 1.14–1.94], p < 0.001, no diabetes: RR 1.85 [95% CI 1.49–2.30], p < 0.001) with p = 0.21 for subgroup differences, and amongst studies that reported mortality as a single outcome (RR of 1.51 ([95% CI 1.29–1.77]; p < 0.001) and those that reported mortality as part of a composite outcome (RR 2.02 [95% CI 1.58–2.59]; p < 0.001). On subgroup analysis by length of follow up, higher SHR values were associated with increased risk of mortality at 90 day, 1 year and > 1year follow up, with risk ratios of 1.84 ([95% CI 1.32–2.56], p < 0.001), 1.69 ([95% CI 1.32–2.16], p < 0.001) and 1.58 ([95% CI 1.34–1.86], p < 0.001) respectively.

Conclusions

A raised SHR is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality following myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Further work is required to define reference values for the SHR, and to investigate the potential effects of relative hypoglycaemia. Interventional trials targeting to the SHR rather than the absolute glucose value should be undertaken.

PROSPERO database registration

CRD 42023456421 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023456421
Effects of self-compassion on aggression and its psychological mechanism through perceived stress
Authors: Guan Fang , Zhan Chengqing , Li Shanyin , Tong Song , Peng Kaiping
Published: November 2024

Given the increasing global concerns about aggressive behaviors and the pressing need for effective psychological interventions, this study delves into the potential of a concept deeply rooted in positive and Buddhist psychology but largely researched in Western contexts, as a mitigating factor against aggression in Chinese adults. Through three core studies involving 652 participants (age: 30.52±8.16), our research illuminated the intricate relationship between self-compassion, perceived stress, and aggression. Study 1 identified a negative correlation among these variables, setting the empirical foundation. In Study 2, participants exposed to a self-compassion exercise reported enhanced self-compassion and reduced aggression. Study 3 further consolidated these findings, with participants in the self-compassion writing group, showing notable increases in self-compassion and decreases in aggression compared to a control group. Critically, perceived stress emerged as a significant mediator between self-compassion and aggression, elucidating its central role in this dynamic. Together, our findings underscore the promise of self-compassion as a strategy to curb aggression tendencies, especially in light of its influential relationship with perceived stress, suggesting vital implications for future mental health interventions.
A novel USP51 variant in a patient with autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy
Authors: Garg Ria , Pinard Amelie , Wallerstein Robert
Published: November 2024

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behaviours. The genetic basis of ASD is complex and involves both rare variants with large effect sizes and common variants with small effect sizes.

Case presentation

This case report describes a 19-year-old male with ASD, intellectual disability, absent speech, and epilepsy. Molecular testing revealed a novel maternally inherited variant in the USP51 gene, which encodes Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 51, a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in the DNA damage response.

Conclusions

Based on current knowledge, the variant is predicted to result in a truncated protein and is considered a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). The USP51 gene has been implicated in neurodevelopment, and its role in the developing brain suggests its potential relevance to ASD. Further studies are needed to establish the association of USP51 variants with ASD and elucidate the full phenotypic spectrum associated with these variants.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of separation anxiety disorder in children – a research review and case study
Authors: Preś Joanna Edyta , Świątkowska Katarzyna , Kołakowski Artur
Published: November 2024

Celem pracy jest dokonanie przeglądu dostępnych w naukowych bazach danych badań dotyczących skuteczności programów terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej (cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT) zaburzeń lęku separacyjnego u dzieci (separation anxiety disorder, SAD). Praca zawiera również prezentację klinicznego opisu terapii 12-letniej dziewczynki z diagnozą lęku przed separacją wg ICD-10. Jako podstawowy protokół wykorzystano najszerzej przebadany i jedyny polskojęzyczny protokół do pracy z dziećmi z zaburzeniami lękowymi, czyli program Zaradny Kot. Jego uniwersalność jest zarówno zaletą, jak i wyzwaniem, gdyż zdarza się, że konieczne staje się dostosowanie protokołu do pracy z konkretnym zaburzeniem lękowym. Z tego powodu autorzy artykułu dokonali przeglądu dostępnych w naukowych bazach danych przykładowych propozycji dostosowania protokołów do pracy z lękiem separacyjnym. Z kolei w opisie przypadku przedstawiono terapię, która prowadzona w oparciu o standardowy program w pewnym momencie przestała przynosić pożądane rezultaty i konieczne stało się zmodyfikowanie protokołu w oparciu o ponowną analizę konceptualizacji problemu wspólnie z superwizorem, co umożliwiło skuteczne osiągnięcie większości założonych celów.