bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weather cues associated with masting behavior dampen the negative autocorrelation between past and current reproduction in oaks
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Knops Johannes M. H. , Pesendorfer Mario B. , Koenig Walter D. , Mooney Kailen A.
Published: January 2019

Premise of the Study

The influence of weather conditions on masting and the ecological advantages of this reproductive behavior have been the subject of much interest. Weather conditions act as cues influencing reproduction of individual plants, and similar responses expressed across many individuals lead to population‐level synchrony in reproductive output. In turn, synchrony leads to benefits from economies of scale such as enhanced pollination success and seed predator satiation. However, there may also be individual‐level benefits from reproductive responses to weather cues, which may explain the origin of masting in the absence of economies of scale. In a previous study, we found support for a mechanism whereby individual responses to weather cues attenuate the negative autocorrelation between past and current annual seed production—a pattern typically attributed to resource limitation and reproductive tradeoffs among years.

Methods

Here we provide a follow‐up and more robust evaluation of this hypothesis in 12 species of oaks (Quercus spp.), testing for a negative autocorrelation (tradeoff) between past and current reproduction and whether responses to weather cues associated with masting reduce the strength of this negative autocorrelation.

Key Results

Our results showed a strong negative autocorrelation for 11 of the species, and that species‐specific reproductive responses to weather cues dampened this negative autocorrelation in 10 of them.

Conclusions

This dampening effect presumably reflects a reduction in resource limitation or increased resource use associated with weather conditions, and suggests that responses to weather cues conferring these advantages should be selected for based on individual benefits.
Clinical update on sensorineural hearing loss in Turner syndrome and the X‐chromosome
Authors: Bonnard Åsa , Bark Rusana , Hederstierna Christina
Published: January 2019

Hearing loss is one of the major medical concerns in girls and women with Turner syndrome (TS) and has a negative effect on well‐being and quality of everyday life. Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss, affecting more than half of adults with TS. Karyotypes with a loss of the short p‐arm on the X‐chromosome are more prone to ear and hearing problems. The importance of detecting, investigating, and treating hearing loss with hearing aids cannot be emphasized enough. The pathophysiology of the sensorineural hearing loss in TS is not known, but theories regarding estrogen deficiency, the cell cycle delay hypothesis, IGF‐1 deficiency and the possible role of the KDM6A gene are discussed. Due to the diversity of symptoms and conditions within the same karyotype, a combination of genetic factors altered by epigenetic and/or hormonal effects is probable. Further research is needed regarding the pathophysiology of ear and hearing problems in TS to develop new treatment methods.
Delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage during veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report
Authors: Sugiura Gaku , Bunya Naofumi , Yamaoka Ayumu , Okuda Hiroki , Saito Masato , Mizuno Hirotoshi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Narimatsu Eichi
Published: January 2019

Case

There are several reports of retroperitoneal hemorrhage induced by percutaneous femoral cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, there are no reports of delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage, which develops a few days after ECMO initiation and is unrelated to the ECMO cannulation. Herein, we report a rare case of delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage during veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO).

Outcome

A 54‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital because of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We initiated VV‐ECMO. The patient had severe delirium and was confined to a long‐term supine position to maintain circuit safety. On day 13, computed tomography unexpectedly revealed a large retroperitoneal hemorrhage spreading around the psoas muscle.

Conclusion

Delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage can develop during VV‐ECMO management a few days after its initiation. Anticoagulant use and forceful muscular strain could be risk factors of delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
Photoresponsive Circular Supramolecular Polymers: A Topological Trap and Photoinduced Ring‐Opening Elongation
Authors: Adhikari Bimalendu , Aratsu Keisuke , Davis Joyal , Yagai Shiki
Published: January 2019

Topological features of one‐dimensional macromolecular chains govern the properties and functionality of natural and synthetic polymers. To address this issue in supramolecular polymers, we synthesized two topologically distinct supramolecular polymers with intrinsic curvature, circular and helically folded nanofibers, from azobenzene‐functionalized supramolecular rosettes. When a mixture of circular and helically folded nanofibers was exposed to UV light, selective unfolding of the latter open‐ended supramolecular polymers was observed as a result of the curvature‐impairing internal force produced by the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene. This distinct sensitivity suggests that the topological features of supramolecular polymers define their mechanical stability. Furthermore, the exposure of circular supramolecular polymers in more polar media to UV irradiation resulted in ring opening followed by chain elongation, thus demonstrating that the circular supramolecular polymer can function as a topological kinetic trap.
Chemische Epigenetik: der Einfluss chemischer und chemo‐biologischer Techniken auf die Zielstruktur‐Validierung von Bromodomänen
Authors: Schiedel Matthias , Moroglu Mustafa , Ascough David M. H. , Chamberlain Anna E. R. , Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Sekirnik Angelina R. , Conway Stuart J.
Published: January 2019

Viele Disziplinen befassen sich gegenwärtig mit Epigenetik, da diese von Bedeutung für viele biologische Vorgänge und pathologische Zustände ist. Auf molekularer Ebene fußen epigenetische Prozesse auf Modifizierungen in Nukleinbasen der DNA und RNA und/oder posttranslationalen Modifizierungen (PTMs) von Histonproteinen. Die Hinweise mehren sich, dass diese Modifikationen einer dynamischen Regulation unterliegen, mit einer zum Teil bereits identifizierten zellulären Maschinerie, die der Modulation und Interpretation dieser Markierungen dient. Wir konzentrieren uns hier auf Bromodomänen, die an acetylierte Lysinreste (KAc) binden. Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Bromodomänen und ihrer Liganden werden von vielen Disziplinen beflügelt, wobei der Chemie und der chemischen Biologie eine besondere Rolle zukommt. Hier werden die chemischen und chemo‐biologischen Schlüsseltechniken diskutiert, mit deren Hilfe Bromodomänen erforscht und Liganden der Bromodomänen entwickelt werden konnten – unabdingbare Voraussetzungen für die Validierung der Bromodomäne als therapeutisch sinnvolle Zielstruktur.
A Hybrid Anion for Ionic Liquid and Battery Electrolyte Applications: Half Triflamide, Half Carbonate
Authors: Gunderson‐Briggs Kaitlyn E. , Rüther Thomas , Best Adam S. , Kar Mega , Forsyth Craig , Izgorodiana Ekaterina I. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Hollenkamp Anthony F.
Published: January 2019

The synthesis of a new imide type anion, methylcarbonate(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MCTFSI) is described and the physicochemical properties of its sodium and N‐butyl‐N‐methyl pyrrolidinium salts as well as structural information obtained by X‐ray diffraction studies of the sodium salt are discussed in terms of charge delocalisation, coordination chemistry and electrochemical behaviour with respect to the analogous imdides bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI). The insight obtained from studying the new anion informs and reemphasizes the concept of weakly coordinating anions and coordination chemistry in designing electrolyte salts.
Anti‐tumor platinum (IV) complexes bearing the anti‐inflammatory drug naproxen in the axial position
Authors: Tolan Dina A. , Abdel‐Monem Yasser K. , El‐Nagar Mohamed A.
Published: January 2019

The role of inflammation in cancer generation is gaining importance in the field of cancer research. The chemo‐anti‐inflammatory strategy that involves using non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug compounds as effective anti‐tumor agents is being acceded globally. In the present study, seven new Pt (IV) complexes based on cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin scaffold bearing the anti‐inflammatory drug naproxen in the axial position were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI‐MS, Fourier transform‐infrared, 1H‐ and 195Pt‐NMR spectroscopy. The reduction behavior in the presence of ascorbic acid was studied using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The cytotoxicity against two human breast cell lines and the anti‐inflammatory properties were evaluated. All the complexes are able to promote a comparable activity, with average three‐ and 13‐fold more cytotoxic than cisplatin against MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines, respectively. The complexes show remarkable anti‐inflammatory effects, which indicated their potential in treating cancer associated with inflammation and reducing side‐effects of chemotherapy.
A genetic tool for evaluating male‐mediated stock introgression in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Gabián María , Morán Paloma
Published: January 2019

The Atlantic salmon shows strong population structure with reduced gene flow, owing to homing behaviour. Supportive breeding with allochtonous parr or fish‐farm escapees could affect native population genetic structure by the introgression of foreign genes. Mature male parr are potentially powerful vehicles for promoting introgression: they can fertilize eggs in competition with anadromous males. As a consequence, foreign males contribute more to introgression than foreign females. This effect must be taken into account for the correct development of conservation programmes. Foreign males constitute an inadvertent way to disrupt the genetic structure, as the allochtonous parr or fish‐farm escapees can survive in the river during the parr stage.

A short polymorphic fragment of the sex‐determining gene (sdY) was used as a marker to assess introgression via males into south European salmon populations. In order to find haplotype variants for the intronic sequence of sdY, samples were investigated from 16 different rivers across the distribution range of the salmon, together with historical samples (1950–1960) from three Spanish rivers.

Two novel haplotypes, in addition to the three already described in Atlantic salmon, were found for this locus. Most samples, including historical ones, displayed the common haplotype (D) previously found in salmon all over Europe; however, north European haplotype variants were also detected in salmon inhabiting the southern European rivers that were systematically supplemented with foreign stocks between 1981 and 1994.

Analysis of haplotype variation in the sdY intron constitutes a powerful and inexpensive tool, not only to specifically assess male‐mediated introgression into natural populations of Atlantic salmon, but also for monitoring salmon escapees.
Tactile hypersensitivity and GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with autism
Authors: Sapey‐Triomphe Laurie‐Anne , Lamberton Franck , Sonié Sandrine , Mattout Jérémie , Schmitz Christina
Published: January 2019

Sensory hypersensitivity is frequently encountered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been hypothesized to play a role in tactile hypersensitivity. The aim of the present study was twofold. First, as a study showed that children with ASD have decreased GABA concentrations in the sensorimotor cortex, we aimed at determining whether the GABA reduction remained in adults with ASD. For this purpose, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of neurotypical adults (n = 19) and ASD adults (n = 18). Second, we aimed at characterizing correlations between GABA concentration and tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with ASD was lower than in neurotypical adults (decrease by 17%). Interestingly, GABA concentrations were positively correlated with self‐reported tactile hypersensitivity in adults with ASD (r = 0.50, P = 0.01), but not in neurotypical adults. In addition, GABA concentrations were negatively correlated with the intra‐individual variation during threshold measurement, both in neurotypical adults (r = −0.47, P = 0.04) and in adults with ASD (r = −0.59, P = 0.01). In other words, in both groups, the higher the GABA level, the more precise the tactile sensation. These results highlight the key role of GABA in tactile sensitivity, and suggest that atypical GABA modulation contributes to tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. We discuss the hypothesis that hypersensitivity in ASD could be due to suboptimal predictions about sensations. Autism Research 2019, 12: 562–575. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience tactile hypersensitivity. Here, our goal was to highlight a link between tactile hypersensitivity and the concentration of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the brain of adults with ASD. Indeed, self‐reported hypersensitivity correlated with reduced GABA levels in brain areas processing touch. Our study suggests that this neurotransmitter may play a key role in tactile hypersensitivity in autism.
Complete observation of all structural, conformational, and fibrillation transitions of monomeric globular proteins at submicellar sodium dodecyl sulfate concentrations
Authors: Huda Noorul , Hossain Mujahid , Bhuyan Abani K.
Published: January 2019

Although considerable information is available regarding protein–sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interactions, it is still unclear as to how much SDS is needed to denature proteins. The role of protein charge and micellar surfactant concentration on amyloid fibrillation is also unclear. This study reports on equilibrium measurements of SDS interaction with six model proteins and analyzes the results to obtain a general understanding of conformational breakdown, reorganization and restructuring of secondary structure, and entry into the amyloid fibrillar state. Significantly, all of these responses are entirely resolved at much lower than the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of SDS. Electrostatic interaction of the dodecyl sulfate anion (DS−) with positive surface potential on the protein can completely unfold both secondary and tertiary structures, which is followed by protein chain restructuration to α‐helices. All SDS‐denatured proteins contain more α‐helices than the corresponding native state. SDS interaction stochastically drives proteins to the aggregated fibrillar state.
Peptoids advance multidisciplinary research and undergraduate education in parallel: Sequence effects on conformation and lipid interactions
Authors: Jimenez Christian J. , Tan Jiacheng , Dowell Kalli M. , Gadbois Gillian E. , Read Cameron A. , Burgess Nicole , Cervantes Jesus E. , Chan Shannon , Jandaur Anmol , Karanik Tara , Lee Jaenic J. , Ley Mikaela C. , McGeehan Molly , McMonigal Ann , Palazzo Kira L. , Parker Samantha A. , Payman Andre , Soria Maritza , Verheyden Lauren , Vo Vivian T. , Yin Jennifer , Calkins Anna L. , Fuller Amelia A. , Stokes Grace Y.
Published: January 2019

Peptoids are versatile peptidomimetic molecules with wide‐ranging applications from drug discovery to materials science. An understanding of peptoid sequence features that contribute to both their three‐dimensional structures and their interactions with lipids will expand functions of peptoids in varied fields. Furthermore, these topics capture the enthusiasm of undergraduate students who prepare and study diverse peptoids in laboratory coursework and/or in faculty led research. Here, we present the synthesis and study of 21 peptoids with varied functionality, including 19 tripeptoids and 2 longer oligomers. We observed differences in fluorescence spectral features for 10 of the tripeptoids that correlated with peptoid flexibility and relative positioning of chromophores. Interactions of representative peptoids with sonicated glycerophospholipid vesicles were also evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy. We observed evidence of conformational changes effected by lipids for select peptoids. We also summarize our experiences engaging students in peptoid‐based projects to advance both research and undergraduate educational objectives in parallel.
Analytical validation and clinical application of urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by LC–MS/MS for diagnosis of neuroblastoma
Authors: Shen Ying , Li Huijun , Lu Jie , Luo Xia , Guan Qing , Cheng Liming
Published: January 2019

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) are clinical biomarkers for diagnosis of neuroblastoma (NB), which commonly occurs in the childhood. Development and application of a robust LC–MS/MS method for fast determination of these biomarkers for optimal laboratory testing of NB is essential in clinical laboratories. In present study, we developed and validated a simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for quick clinical testing of VMA and HVA for diagnosis of NB. The method was validated according to the current CLSI C62‐A and FDA guidelines. The age‐adjusted pediatric reference intervals and diagnostic performance were evaluated in both 24 h urine and random urine. Injection‐to‐injection time was 3.5 min. Inter‐ and intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were ≤3.88%. The lower limit of quantification and the limit of detection were 0.50 and 0.25 μmol/L for both VMA and HVA. Recoveries of VMA and HVA were in the ranges of 85–109% and 86–100% with CVs ≤5.76%. This method was free from significant matrix effect, carryover and interference. The establishment of age‐adjusted pediatric reference intervals by this LC–MS/MS method was favorable for the improvement in diagnostic performance, which was crucial for correct interpretation of test results from children in both 24 h and random urine.
Fatigue, symptom burden, and health‐related quality of life in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, aplastic anemia, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Escalante Carmen P. , Chisolm Stephanie , Song Juhee , Richardson Marsha , Salkeld Ellen , Aoki Etsuko , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo
Published: January 2019

Background

Fatigue is distressing and affects quality of life (QoL) among patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anemia (AA), and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Limited data exist on the impact of fatigue, QoL, and related symptoms in these patients.

Objective

Prospectively assess fatigue (functional assessment of cancer therapy‐anemia [FACT‐An]); QoL (FACT‐An subscales); pain (brief pain inventory); and depression, anxiety, and stress (depression anxiety stress scale‐21) and strategies used to manage these symptoms in patients withMDS,AA, andPNH.

Methods

Surveys were administered via theAAandMDSInternational Foundation website and database from October 2014 through April 2015 in a cross‐sectional study. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results

Of 303 patients, 145 (48%) hadMDS, 84 (28%) hadAA, and 74 (24%) hadPNH; 31 (10%) had >1 diagnosis. The mean age was 57 years, 200 (66%) were female, and 195 (92%) were white. The mean fatigue scores were 25 (range 1‐52) for the whole cohort, 28 forAA, 25 forMDS, and 24 forPNH(P = 0.117); these are all considered severe level. The mean QoL score was 68 (range 10‐104) for the whole cohort, 67 forAA, 69 forMDS, and 67 forPNH(P = 0.821). The ranges for stress were normal; pain and depression, mild; and anxiety, moderate. The most common management strategies perceived as helpful for fatigue in the past month were preserving energy, physical activity, and naps.

Conclusions

Many patients withMDS,AA, andPNHreport severe fatigue. The helpfulness of fatigue management strategies may impact patients’ continued use; whether these strategies are beneficial and decrease fatigue levels needs more study.
Label‐Free in Situ Monitoring of the DNA Hybridization Chain Reaction by Using Sequence‐Selective Minor‐Groove‐Binding Fluorophores
Authors: Sakamoto Takashi , Yamada Rikuto
Published: January 2019

A new label‐free in situ monitoring system for the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) based on DNA minor‐groove‐binding fluorophores [Hoechst 33258 (Hoe) or quinone cyanine‐dithiazole (QCy‐DT)] has been developed. Use of two unmodified hairpin oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing incomplete double‐stranded AATT sequences enabled target‐dependent formation of probe binding sites—that is, AATT double strand—in the HCR product, together with fluorescence enhancement of minor‐groove‐binding fluorophores in situ. This system allows target DNA to be detected through the fluorescence enhancement of Hoe and QCy‐DT in real time and in situ. Further development of a label‐free, isothermal detection system might provide a cost‐effective and user‐friendly method for nucleic acid detection.
Exploring a new structured professional judgment measure (impulsivity measure related to violence) after an average follow‐up of 10 years: A study of Finnish offenders
Authors: Weizmann‐Henelius Ghitta , Putkonen Hanna , Rissanen Teija , Eronen Markku , Webster Christopher D.
Published: January 2019

Background

Identification of the risk factors underlying impulsivity related to violent acts is an essential component of risk assessment and management to reduce violent offending.

Aims

Our aim was to develop a clinically useful measure for assessing impulsivity related to violence. Our research questions were which items in the newly developed measure are associated with later violent recidivism and what is the measure's predictive validity?

Methods

A new scale, the impulsivity measure related to violence (IMP‐V), was studied by completing the scale, blind to outcome, from information in the forensic psychiatric examination reports of 63 of a 1‐year referral cohort of 181 Finnish offenders. Data on reoffending for up to 15 years after release were collected from official criminal records.

Results

The predictive accuracy of the IMP‐V continuous ratings was 78% and for the categorical summary risk ratings 77%. Univariate analyses of categorical summary risk ratings of the risk factors revealed that, with two exceptions, each additional score on the IMP‐V was associated with a significant increase in violence recidivism.

Conclusions

These preliminary results indicate that the IMP‐V is a promising decision‐enhancing guide for assessing the risk of violence in impulsive people and that the measure is worth developing for use with impulsivity‐prone offenders and forensic psychiatric patients. The IMP‐V organises information on the nature of impulsivity in violence‐prone persons and thus also creates opportunities for more effective risk management.
Longitudinal Relaxation Optimization Enhances 1H‐Detected HSQC in Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy on Challenging Biological Systems
Authors: Han Rong , Yang Yufei , Wang Shenlin
Published: January 2019

Solid‐state (SS) NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying challenging biological systems, but it often suffers from low sensitivity. A longitudinal relaxation optimization scheme to enhance the signal sensitivity of HSQC experiments in SSNMR spectroscopy is reported. Under the proposed scheme, the 1H spins of 1H–X (15N or 13C) are selected for signal acquisition, whereas other vast 1H spins are flipped back to the axis of the static magnetic field to accelerate the spin recovery of the observed 1H spins, resulting in enhanced sensitivity. Three biological systems are used to evaluate this strategy, including a seven‐transmembrane protein, an RNA, and a whole‐cell sample. For all three samples, the proposed scheme largely shortens the effective 1H longitudinal relaxation time and results in a 1.3–2.5‐fold gain in sensitivity. The selected systems are representative of challenging biological systems for observation by means of SSNMR spectroscopy; thus indicating the general applicability of this method, which is particularly important for biological samples with a short lifetime or with limited sample quantities.
Photomechanical Organic Crystals as Smart Materials for Advanced Applications
Authors: Yu Qi , Aguila Briana , Gao Jia , Xu Peixin , Chen Qizhe , Yan Jie , Xing Dong , Chen Yao , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie , Ma Shengqian
Published: January 2019

Photomechanical molecular crystals are receiving much attention due to their efficient conversion of light into mechanical work and advantages including faster response time; higher Young's modulus; and ordered structure, as measured by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Recently, various photomechanical crystals with different motions (contraction, expansion, bending, fragmentation, hopping, curling, and twisting) are appearing at the forefront of smart materials research. The photomechanical motions of these single crystals during irradiation are triggered by solid‐state photochemical reactions and accompanied by phase transformation. This Minireview summarizes recent developments in growing research into photoresponsive molecular crystals. The basic mechanisms of different kinds of photomechanical materials are described in detail; recent advances in photomechanical crystals for promising applications as smart materials are also highlighted.
Construction of a Noncentrosymmetric Luminescent Coordination Polymer from [BaL3] Unit (L = Pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate Acid) and Li(I) Ion
Authors: Song Ying , Wu Zhaofeng , Hu Bing , Huang Xiaoying
Published: January 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

This work presents the synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a novel noncentrosymmetric (NCS) coordination polymer (CP), namely, (Me2NH2)3[BaLi(2,6‐PyDC)3(H2O)] (1) (2,6‐PyDC = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate acid), which represents the first example of BaLi‐CPs with 2,6‐PyDC ligand. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis reveals that the compound features a two‐dimensional (2D) layered structure. The simplified structure of each layer belongs to the hcb topology. The second harmonic generation (SHG) response of 1 is about 0.5 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP) marker. What is more, 1 emits bright blue light upon the excitation of 365 nm UV light with the quantum yield (QY, Φ) of 1.63%. The successful construction of this compound convinces the feasibility of constructing NCS CPs via the combination of [BaL3] unit and Li(I) ion.
Cortical and thalamic connectivity of posterior parietal visual cortical areas PPc and PPr of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Dell Leigh‐Anne , Innocenti Giorgio M. , Hilgetag Claus C. , Manger Paul R.
Published: January 2019

The present study describes the ipsilateral and contralateral cortico‐cortical and cortico‐thalamic connectivity of the parietal visual areas, posterior parietal caudal cortical area (PPc) and posterior parietal rostral cortical area (PPr), in the ferret using standard anatomical tract‐tracing methods. The two divisions of posterior parietal cortex of the ferret are strongly interconnected, however area PPc shows stronger connectivity with the occipital and suprasylvian visual cortex, while area PPr shows stronger connectivity with the somatomotor cortex, reflecting the functional specificity of these two areas. This pattern of connectivity is mirrored in the contralateral callosal connections. In addition, PPc and PPr are connected with the visual and somatomotor nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. Numerous connectional similarities exist between the posterior parietal cortex of the ferret (PPc and PPr) and the cat (area 7 and 5), indicative of the homology of these areas within the Carnivora. These findings highlight the existence of a frontoparietal network as a shared feature of the organization of parietal cortex across Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatherians, with the degree of expression varying in relation to the expansion and areal complexity of the posterior parietal cortex. This observation indicates that the ferret is a potentially valuable experimental model animal for understanding the evolution and function of the posterior parietal cortex and the frontoparietal network across mammals. The data generated will also contribute to a connectomics database, to further cross‐species analyses of connectomes and illuminate wiring principles of cortical connectivity across mammals.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Epimerization Behavior of a Chiral S‐Shaped [11]Helicene‐Like Molecule Having Collision between Terminal Benzene Rings
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Shibata Yu , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: January 2019

It has been established that a chiral S‐shaped [11]helicene‐like molecule can be synthesized with high ee value along with a meso form by the rhodium(I)/(R)‐difluorphos complex‐mediated enantioselective intramolecular double [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a 2‐naphthol‐linked hexayne, even though this chiral helicene has the collision between the terminal benzene rings. Epimerization behavior of the chiral and meso [11]helicene‐like molecules have also been disclosed.
Tuning Selectivity and Sensitivity of Mixed‐polymeric Tetraruthenated Metalloporphyrins Modified Electrodes as Voltammetric Sensors of Chloramphenicol
Authors: Ferreira Luís Marcos Cerdeira , Martins Paulo Roberto , Araki Koiti , Angnes Lúcio
Published: January 2019

Mixed Ni−Co tetraruthenated porphyrin films were successfully electropolymerized on glassy carbon electrodes in alkaline solutions (pH=13) of NiTRP and CoTRP, giving excellent electrocatalytic responses for determination of the antibiotic drug chloramphenicol. Electrodes with four different compositions were obtained by varying the ratio of NiTRP and CoTRP in the deposition solution. For the characterization of these materials, SEM, ICP‐MS, EIS and CV were explored. The porphyrin modified glassy carbon electrodes presented two oxidation peaks for chloramphenicol (except for Ni‐25). The potential shifted to lower values as the percentage of CoTRP increased decreasing its oxidation potential in more than 200 mV for Ni‐50 as compared to Ni‐100. Interestingly, the materials with cobalt content larger than 50 % did not show the typical catalytic response of the NiIIIOOH species, but rather showed an increase in current at potentials larger than 0.4 V, demonstrating the key role played by nickel in this type of materials. The composition of polymeric mixed porphyrin materials influenced the oxidation current response of both redox waves, resulting in different sensitivities on the calibration curves.
Preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio but not platelet lymphocyte ratio predicts survival and early relapse in patients with oral, pharyngeal, and lip cancer
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Dou Yu , Wang Ketao , Liu Yanguo , Sun Jintang , Gao Han , Liu Shaohua , Wei Fengcai , Yuan Daoying , Song Xiaobin , Qu Xun
Published: January 2019

Background

To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in oral, pharyngeal, and lip cancer for survival and relapse.

Methods

Clinic‐pathologic and hematological records were retrospectively retrieved. Patients completed follow‐up period were included for survival and relapse analysis.

Results

The preoperative NLR value was a prognostic factor for both overall survival and relapse‐free survival. The high NLR group demonstrated higher total relapse rate, higher local relapse rate, and higher relapse rate within 12 months. However, the preoperative PLR did not associate with survival or relapse.

Conclusions

The preoperative NLR, not PLR, is an independent prognostic indicator of survival. It also exhibits predictive value for relapse, particularly early relapse within 12 months. The preoperative NLR value might be recommended as a useful tool for predicting the outcomes and stratifying patients for different management strategies.
Paraganglioma of the head and neck region, treated with radiation therapy, a Rare Cancer Network study
Authors: Lassen‐Ramshad Yasmin , Ozyar Enis , Alanyali Senem , Poortmans Philip , van Houtte Paul , Sohawon Schoeb , Esassolak Mustafa , Krengli Marco , Villa Salvador , Miller Robert , Demiroz Candan , Akyurek Serap , Aggerholm‐Pedersen Ninna , Thariat Juliette
Published: January 2019

Background

Paraganglioma of the head and neck (HNPGL) are rare often benign tumors. Surgery and radiation therapy (RT) are the main treatment choices. We present an analysis of outcome and toxicity after RT from 13 institutions of the Rare Cancer Network.

Methods

Data were collected using a questionnaire concerning patients' characteristics, treatment, and outcome. A total of 81 patients with 82 HNPGL were analyzed.

Results

The median follow‐up was 48 months (1‐456). Sixty‐two lesions were treated with conventional RT and 20 lesions with stereotactic RT. Local control (LC) was achieved in 69 out of 77 lesions. Late toxicity occurred in 17 patients. Patients treated with stereotactic RT experienced neither disease progression nor late toxicity. Four patients with a follow‐up longer than 20 years experienced disease progression.

Conclusion

RT for HNPGL offered good local control with acceptable toxicity. Stereotactic RT might offer better results. Long‐term follow‐up is required.
Importance of tumor budding grade as independent prognostic factor for early tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ebihara Yasuhiro , Yoshida Saori , Nakahira Mitsuhiko , Kogashiwa Yasunao , Enoki Yuichiro , Kuba Kiyomi , Inoue Hitoshi , Minami Kazuhiko , Yasuda Masanori , Sugasawa Masashi
Published: January 2019

Background

Factors involved in neck lymph node metastasis (NLM) and prognosis of early tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain unknown.

Methods

We analyzed disease‐specific survival (DSS) and NLM including tumor budding grade (TBG) among 64 patients with cT1/2N0 tongue SCC.

Results

Univariate analysis of DSS of primary lesions uncovered significant differences in new cT, pT, new pT, pDiameter, venous infiltration, and TBG. Multivariate analysis selected only TBG3 as a predictor of NLM (odds ratio, 9.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80‐50.8; P = .008), and a prognostic factor for DSS (hazard ratio, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.34‐14.5; P = .02).

Conclusion

The sole predictor of NLM and the prognosis of early tongue SCC was TBG, indicating that it might help to select overwhelming risk patients.
The Hepatitis C Virus Care Continuum: Linkage to Hepatitis C Virus Care and Treatment Among Patients at an Urban Health Network, Philadelphia, PA
Authors: Coyle Catelyn , Moorman Anne C. , Bartholomew Tyler , Klein Gary , Kwakwa Helena , Mehta Shruti H. , Holtzman Deborah
Published: January 2019

Improving care and treatment for persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can reduce HCV‐related morbidity and mortality. Our primary objective was to examine the HCV care continuum among patients receiving care at five federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Philadelphia, PA, where a testing and linkage to care program had been established. Among the five FQHCs, one served a homeless population, two served public housing residents, one served a majority Hispanic population, and the last, a “test and treat” site, also provided HCV treatment to patients. We analyzed data from electronic health records of patients tested for HCV antibody from 2012 to 2016 and calculated the percentage of patients across nine steps of the HCV care continuum ranging from diagnosis to cure. We further explored factors associated with successful patient navigation through two steps of the continuum using multivariable logistic regression. Of 885 chronically infected patients, 92.2% received their RNA‐positive result, 82.7% were referred to an HCV provider, 69.4% were medically evaluated by the provider, 55.3% underwent liver disease staging, 15.0% initiated treatment, 12.0% completed treatment, 8.7% were assessed for sustained virologic response (SVR), and 8.0% achieved SVR. Regression results revealed that test and treat site patients were significantly more likely to be medically evaluated (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82‐4.17) and to undergo liver disease staging (aOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.02‐2.86) than patients at the other FQHCs combined. Conclusion: In this US urban setting, over two thirds of HCV‐infected patients were linked to care; although treatment uptake was low overall, it was highest at the test and treat site; scaling up treatment services in HCV testing settings will be vital to improve the HCV care continuum.
Across‐shore differences in lake benthic invertebrate communities within reed stands (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.)
Authors: Miler Oliver , Czarnecka Magdalena , Garcia Xavier‐François , Jäger Anne , Pusch Martin
Published: January 2019

The spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates along reed transects was studied in lakes with minimal human disturbances to enable a deeper understanding of the functioning of reed macroinvertebrate communities and relations to biotic and abiotic environmental variables. The taxonomic and functional macroinvertebrate community composition significantly differed between outer margin, center, and shore locations. At shore locations, higher proportions of Gastropoda, Hydrachnidia and Coleoptera, mobile swimmers/skaters, predators, and shredders were found. However, outer margin locations were characterized by a higher proportion of sessile filter‐feeding Bivalvia and mining Diptera. At the outer margins, also greater contributions of taxa preferring pelal habitats and r‐strategists typical for more disturbed environments were observed. An indicator species analysis revealed Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea) and Scirtidae Gen sp. (Coleoptera) as significant indicator taxa for shore locations and Valvata piscinalis (Gastropoda), Tinodes sp. and Orthotrichia sp. (Trichoptera) as significant indicator taxa for outer margin locations. The taxonomic composition of macroinvertebrate communities was significantly related to higher water depth, oxygen content, and pH at outer margin locations. Shore locations were characterized by higher amounts of woody debris, leaf litter, and decaying plant material. In summary, the taxonomic and functional composition of macroinvertebrates varied strongly from shore to outer margin locations and could be related to spatial changes in hydrodynamical and food conditions along the transects.
Vitamin E: Regulatory role on gene and protein expression and metabolomics profiles
Authors: Kim Hye‐Kyeong , Han Sung Nim
Published: January 2019

Results from microarray analyzes have shown that both vitamin E deficiency and supplementation have a significant impact on the gene expression of various tissues and cells. Genes that were modulated by vitamin E supplementation were different depending on the tissue, which suggested that changes in gene expression are reflective of tissue function and the tissue‐specific regulation of vitamin E. In addition, the magnitude of gene expression and types of genes whose expression was altered were differentially affected by the vitamin E forms used for intervention. Metabolite analyzes have provided better understanding of the vitamin E metabolic pathway and have established evidence for the regulation of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism by vitamin E. However, there are a limited number of studies that have applied advanced genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics technologies to investigate vitamin E's biological functions and mechanisms of action. In this review, the effects of vitamin E on gene and protein expression investigated by microarray, transcriptome, and proteomics analysis are discussed. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):442–455, 2019
Fibrinopeptide A induces C‐reactive protein expression through the ROS‐ERK1/2/p38‐NF‐κB signal pathway in the human umbilical vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xu Shou‐zhu , Liu Juntian
Published: January 2019

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Inflammation causes endothelial injury and dysfunction, which is an initial step of atherosclerosis. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is a biomarker of the activation of the coagulation system, and a high concentration of FPA in the blood occurs in patients with ischemic cardiocerebrovascular diseases. The present research observed that FPA stimulated the generation of C‐reactive protein (CRP), IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs); and anti‐IL‐1
β and anti‐IL‐6 neutralizing antibodies did not alter FPA‐induced CRP expression in HUVECs. The subchronic administration of FPA into rats increased the plasma FPA and CRP levels. Further studies showed that FPA stimulated superoxide anion generation, activated ERK1/2 and p38, promoted nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) nuclear translocation, and raised the NF‐κB level in the nuclei of HUVECs. Antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), complex II inhibitor thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), and NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) inhibited FPA‐stimulated generation of superoxide anion, and NAC reduced FPA‐induced expressions of the phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38. NAC, TTFA, DPI, inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38, and NF‐κB all downregulated FPA‐induced CRP expression. These results indicate that FPA induces CRP expression in HUVECs via the ROS‐ERK1/2/p38‐NF‐κB signal pathway. Moreover, this is the first report that FPA produces a proinflammatory effect on the vascular endothelial cells.
SRPK1 facilitates tumor cell growth via modulating the small nucleolar RNA expression in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Yandong , Yu Shijun , Wang Xiao , Ye Xiaojuan , He Bin , Quan Ming , Gao Yong
Published: January 2019

Serine‐arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) is the main regulator in alternative splicing by phosphorylating splicing factors rich in serine/arginine repeats. Its overexpression has been found in multiple cancer types and contributes to cancer development. Here we report the role of SRPK1 and underlying mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) cell growth. We found that SRPK1 was frequently upregulated in GC samples compared with their adjacent corresponding normal tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Knockdown of SRPK1 in GC cells suppressed cell growth in cell viability assays, colony formation assays and nude mice xenograft model, whereas overexpression of SRPK1 promotes opposite phenotypes in these assays. By a complementary DNA microarray analysis, we found that SRPK1 knockdown had significant inhibitory effects on a majority of small nucleolar RNAs expression. Among them, snoRA42, snoRA74A, and snoRD10 were selected for further functional experiments. Cell growth curves on a plate and in soft agar indicated that the three snoRNAs play potential oncogenic function in GC. In addition, SRPK1 could co‐immunoprecipitated with NCL, a nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosomes. These results suggested that SRPK1 contributes to GC development by a new possible mechanism involving snoRNAs mediated signaling.
Loss of ENT1 increases cell proliferation in the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Veras Matthew A. , Tenn Neil A. , Kuljanin Miljan , Lajoie Gilles A. , Hammond James R. , Dixon S. Jeffrey , Séguin Cheryle A.
Published: January 2019

Mice lacking equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1
−/−) demonstrate progressive calcification of spinal tissues including the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc (IVD). We previously established ENT1 as the primary nucleoside transporter in the AF and demonstrated dysregulation of biomineralization pathways. To identify cellular pathways altered by loss of ENT1, we conducted microarray analysis of AF tissue from wild‐type (WT) and ENT1
−/− mice before calcification (2 months of age) and associated with calcification (6 months of age). Bioinformatic analyses identified cell cycle dysregulation in ENT1
−/− AF tissues and implicated the E2f family of transcription factors as potential effectors. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed increased expression of multiple E2f transcription factors and E2f interacting proteins (
Rb1 and Cdk2) in ENT1
−/− AF cells compared with WT at 6 months of age. At this time point, ENT1
−/− AF tissues showed increased JNK MAPK pathway activation, CDK1, minichromosome maintenance complex component 5 (Mcm5), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression, and PCNA‐positive proliferating cells compared with WT controls. The current study demonstrates that loss of ENT1‐mediated adenosine transport leads to increased cell proliferation in the AF of the IVD.
Long non‐coding RNA metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1/microRNA‐202‐3p/periostin axis modulates invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human cervical cancer
Authors: Han Xiting , Wang Qian , Wang Yan , Hu Bin , Dong Xue , Zhang Hailing , Wang Wuliang
Published: January 2019

The human cervical cancer (CC) has been identified as one of the most common tumors in women, and the molecular regulation in CC still remains unclear. The dysregulation of periostin has been found in a variety of cancers, but whether it is involved in the regulation of CC is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the biological roles of periostin in CC and to explore the potential molecular regulation mechanisms. Here we found that the expression of periostin was overexpressed in CC tissues and CC cell lines (HeLa and SiHa). Knockdown of periostin in HeLa or SiHa cells significantly decreased cell viability, cell migration and invasion, and reduced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, periostin knockdown suppressed the activation of Akt/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which is crucial for periostin to regulate the above biological activities in CC cells. Furthermore, we found that the periostin expression was positively correlated with the expression of metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), and negatively correlated with the expression of microRNA (miR)‐202‐3p in CC tissues. We confirmed that MALAT1 positively regulated the expression of periostin by negatively modulating miR‐202‐3p. In addition, the MALAT1/miR‐202‐3p/periostin axis was deeply associated with the regulation of the cell viability, cell migration and invasion, and EMT in CC cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that periostin, which can be regulated by the MALAT1‐miR‐202‐3p axis, plays an important role in regulating cell viability, cell migration and invasion, and EMT of CC cells via activating Akt/mTOR signaling.
Nanovaccine: A novel approach in immunization
Authors: Gheibi Hayat Seyed Mohammad , Darroudi Majid
Published: January 2019

Despite great advances in the field of vaccination, there are still needs for novel and effective vaccines because still no effective vaccines have been produced for some diseases such as malaria, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and tuberculosis. Furthermore, many of the existing vaccines have disadvantages such as failure to stimulate completely the immune system, in vivo instability, high toxicity, the need for cold chain, and multiple administrations. Nanotechnology has been raised as a powerful tool for solving these problems in this regard. Generally, nanovaccines are a new generation of vaccines using nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers and/or adjuvants. Due to the similar scale (size) between the NPs and pathogens, the immune system can be stimulated well, resulting in triggered cellular and humoral immunity responses. Other benefits of the nanovaccines include their better stability in blood flow to increase the shelf life in blood, enhanced immune system stimulation, no need for booster doses, no need to maintain the cold chain, and ability to create active targeting. In addition, nanovaccines have raised the hope to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, malaria, and chronic autoimmune, and so forth.