bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Education in Economic Development: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and Kenya.
Authors:   Africa International University, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya, Sele John Philip , Wanjiku Cynthia ,   Africa International University, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
Published: October 2024

Education is a transforming factor in economic growth because it gives people the information and skills that spur innovation, productivity, and general social advancement. Two of the biggest economies in Africa, Nigeria and Kenya, have made considerable changes to their educational institutions to promote economic expansion. But even with these reforms, obstacles including poor infrastructure, restricted access, and insufficient government money still stand in the way of development. This study examines how education affects economic growth in Kenya and Nigeria, paying particular attention to how the distinct political, cultural, and historical backgrounds of each nation affect educational achievements. This study highlights opportunities for improvement while identifying important educational policies and initiatives that have successfully supported economic growth through a comparative analysis. It considers the larger implications of education as an instrument for national transformation, drawing on theological viewpoints, and makes the case that real growth must be in line with moral and ethical principles. In the end, the research suggests a more integrated strategy, stressing that education may act as a catalyst for long-term, sustainable economic growth when it is in line with spiritual principles.
Numerical Modeling of the Interaction of a Monodisperse Gas Suspension with a Shock Wave Moving at an Angle to the Separation Boundary of a Homogeneous Gas and a Gas Suspension
Authors: Tukmakov Dmitriy
Published: October 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of the dispersed phase on the dynamics of gas suspensions during numerical modeling of the dynamics of gas suspensions. In this study, based on the continuum technique of dynamics of inhomogeneous media, the interaction of a shock wave propagating from a homogeneous gas with a gas suspension was numerically simulated. For each of the components of the mixture, a complete hydrodynamic system of equations of motion was solved, which included the equations of conservation of density, the equations of conservation of the spatial components of the momentum of the mixture components, and the equations of conservation of energy of the components. The carrier medium was described as a viscous, compressible heat-conducting gas. The mathematical model took into account interfacial heat transfer. The mathematical model also took into account the interphase exchange of momentum, which included the force of aerodynamic drag, the dynamic force of Archimedes and the force of added masses. The system of equations of the mathematical model was integrated using the finite difference method. To suppress numerical oscillations, a nonlinear correction scheme was used. Large volumetric contents of the dispersed phase were considered. The influence of interfacial interaction on the process of shock wave propagation has been studied.
Mathematical Modeling of Refraction Characteristics of Electromagnetic Radiation at Stochastic Gravitational Field
Authors: Lukyantsev Dmitriy , Afanasiev Nikolay , Kalashnikova Ekaterina , Tanaev Andrey
Published: October 2024

Numerical-analytical modeling is used for estimation of gravitational noise influence on propagation of electromagnetic radiation at gravitational field of a group of astrophysical objects. The method bases on numerical integrate of system of light differential equations in the Euler’s form, added differential equations for calculation of statistic moments of side fluctuations of light at a picture plane of observer. The influence of gravitation was taken into account by introducing of the effective refraction index of vacuum, expressed through a gravitational potential. Visions about spatial correlation function of inhomogeneities of effective refraction index of vacuum are used as model. Calculating of gravitation effects of group astrophysical objects are performed under assumption additive contribution of field of every objects in general gravitational field. Modeling of the refraction characteristics of electromagnetic radiation is performed for a various configurations of gravitation field. Results of calculating are shown at a picture plane of observer. The blurring effects of gravitational lensing are investigated at dependence from position of localized area of gravitational noise and astrophysical objects. It’s showed that for case of single-component gravitational field full coverage of object by area of gravitational noise match maximum blurring of lensing effect. The features of gravitational focusing are determined at dependence from position of area noise for asymmetrical twocomponent gravitational field, where one of objects coverage by area of gravitational noise. Offered tool of modeling can be used for both investigation of gravitational lensing of multi-component gravitational field in presence variety of limited area of gravitational noise and under conditions uniform spatial distribution of stochastic gravitational inhomogeneities. Also it can use for recovering of gravitational potentials of non-radiating (hidden) objects by characteristics of received electromagnetic radiation of remote space sources.
An Algorithm for Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Objects from Two Images
Authors: Klyachin Vladimir , Kuzmenko Aleksey
Published: October 2024

Computer vision and artificial intelligence are among the most sought–after areas in the modern world of information technology. If we consider computer vision as a technological discipline, then we can say that the main task is to create a computer vision system using theory and models. Spatial reconstruction of objects based on their images is one of the most difficult tasks of computer vision. In general, spatial image analysis is designed to solve a fairly wide class of problems — it is the calculation of spatial characteristics of objects, their mutual location in space, and in particular, the construction of 3D models of objects found in images. In this article, an attempt is made to solve the problem of constructing a 3D wireframe model of an object based on its images obtained from two cameras. An edge algorithm is proposed, which is based on a simple idea — the probability of crossing a straight line with a finite subset is zero. The article fully describes the algorithm and shows the reconstruction process in the three-dimensional modeling environment of Blender.
Calculation of 3D Shape of a Hyperelastic Body for Nonlinear Elasticity Models Using the Newton Method
Authors: Kuzmin Vladislav
Published: October 2024

This article discusses methods for calculating the deformations of objects with hyperelastic materials within the framework of the nonlinear elasticity theory. This topic is relevant due to the use of new technological materials in industry, and as a result, the emerging task of preliminary numerical calculations for operational reliability, research and modeling of deformation behavior. The first part provides a brief overview of the main provisions and formulas of the nonlinear elasticity theory. Then the spatial discretization of 3-dimensional objects and the calculation of the deformation gradient using the finite element method are considered. The article provides an algorithm for solving this problem, such as minimizing the functional of stored energy, and also considers the class of permissible deformations. Afterwards, a detailed description is given, along with pseudocode, of the method of implementing and calculating the minimization by Newton’s method. The last part demonstrates an example of the calculations performed, based on the developed software that allows for numerical experiments and computer modeling of deformations of hyperelastic bodies, and one of the capabilities of which is to perform these calculations using Newton’s method.
Algorithm for managing the safety of remote cardiac rehabilitation in the integrated telemedicine system "IS-Cardio"
Authors: Kotelnikova E. V. , Posnenkova O. M. , Bogdanova T. M. , Senchikhin V. N. , Gridnev V. I.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To testing the safety algorithm of remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) programs performed on the basis of the integrated telemedicine system (TMS) "IS-Cardio".

Material and methods. The object of a single-center pilot study was the safety algorithm for home physical training (PT) programs embedded in the TMS "ISCardio" cardiac rehabilitation module. Its functionality ensured the implementation of 12-week aerobic PT programs with an intensity of 55-70%, duration 90-300 min/week and a target level of individual exercise tolerance of 8-12 on the 6-20 Borg scale. The number of adverse events was assessed, defined as an individual exercise tolerance level of ³13.

Results. The study included 33 patients (men, 75%; mean age, 56±8 years). The activity of patients in the RCR was 2,4±0,7 РT per week with a total duration of 56,5±29,8 min/week. Twelve patients (39,6%) fully completed the PT program, exercising at least 3 times/week for at least 30 min/session. One adverse event was recorded, which required extraordinary transmission of blood pressure, heart rate, ECG recording and remote consultation.

Conclusion. The use of TMS with a computerized module for monitoring PT parameters makes it possible to safely perform RCR in patients with cardiovascular disease. The safety of РT programs using an algorithm providing stopping the program with subsequent remote consultation should be ensured. The necessary components of TMS that determine the safety of RCR are the initial stratification of patients, remote monitoring based on self-monitoring devices, and a feedback function.
Troponin I potential in assessing the unfavorable outcome risk in patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Ivanova A. A. , Ievlev R. V. , Kutsenko V. A. , Kapustina A. V. , Imaeva A. E. , Balanova Yu. A. , Metelskaya V. A. , Shalnova S. A. , Drapkina O. O.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To analyze the associations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels with outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases and to evaluate its prognostic capability for adverse cardiovascular events.

Materials and methods. The study included 10688 people aged 35-64 years (59,3% women) who were participants in the ESSE-RF and ESSE-RF2 multi-center observational studies, who had data on the hs-cTnI level. The hs-cTnI level in the specimens was determined with chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. From the total sample, groups of people with a coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction (CAD+MI group) and a cerebrovascular accident (CVA group) were identified. The following composite endpoint was chosen: cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. The median follow-up period was 7,5 years.

Results. A higher hs-cTnI level was associated with an increased likelihood of composite endpoint both in the population sample as a whole (odds ratio (OR)=1,51; 95% CI 1,29-1,79, p<0,001) and in the groups of CAD+MI (OR=1,54; 95% CI 1,23-1,92, p<0,001) and stroke (OR=3,52; 95% CI 1,97-6,29, p<0,001). The threshold values of 4 pg/ml for women and 6 pg/ml for men make it possible to predict adverse outcomes in the groups of CAD+MI and stroke (Area Under the Curve (AUC)=0,8 and 0,89, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed significantly lower probability of composite endpoint absence in individuals with hs-cTnI levels ³4/6 pg/ml in both study groups.

Conclusion. The study data suggest that hs-cTnI is a promising prognostic biomarker in groups of patients with cardiovascular disease. The selected threshold values make it possible to estimate the probability of an unfavorable outcome in patients CAD, MI, and stroke with high sensitivity and specificity.
2024 Clinical practice guidelines for Stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Karpov Yu. A. , Panov A. V. , Akchurin R. S. , Alekyan B. G. , Alekhin M. N. , Aronov D. M. , Harutyunyan G. K. , Belenkov Yu. N. , Boytsov S. A. , Boldueva S. A. , Boschenko A. A. , Bubnova M. G. , Bulkina O. S. , Vasyuk Yu. A. , Galyavich A. S. , Glezer M. G. , Golubev E. P. , Golukhova E. Z. , Grinstein Yu. I. , Davidovich I. M. , Yezhov M. V. , Zavadovsky K. V. , Irtyuga O. B. , Karpov R. S. , Koziolova V. V. , Koziolova N. A. , Korennova O. Yu. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Koshelskaya O. A. , Kukharchuk V. V. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Merkulov E. V. , Mironov V. M. , Martsevich S. Yu. , Mirolyubova O. A. , Mikhin V. P. , Nedoshivin A. O. , Nikulina N. N. , Nikulina S. Yu. , Oleinikov V. E. , Panchenko E. P. , Perepech N. B. , Petrova M. M. , Protasov K. V. , Saidova M. A. , Samko A. N. , Sergienko I. V. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Skibitsky V. V. , Soboleva G. N. , Shalaev S. V. , Shaposhnik I. I. , Shevchenko A. O. , Shiryaev A. A. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Chumakova G. A. , Yakushin S. S.
Published: October 2024

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)

With the participation of: the National Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis (NOA), the Atherothrombosis National Society, the Russian Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons, the Russian Society of Cardiosomatic Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention (RosOKR), the Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSRR), the Russian Association of Ultrasound Diagnostics Specialists in Medicine (RASUDM), the Russian Scientific Society for X-ray Endovascular Diagnosis and Treatment
2024 Clinical practice guidelines for Hypertension in adults
Authors: Kobalava Zh. D. , Konradi A. O. , Nedogoda S. V. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Arutyunov G. P. , Baranova E. I. , Barbarash O. L. , Bobkova N. V. , Boytsov S. A. , Bubnova M. G. , Vavilova T. V. , Villevalde S. V. , Galyavich A. S. , Glezer M. G. , Grineva E. N. , Grinstein Yu. I. , Drapkina O. M., O. M. , Zhernakova Yu. V. , Zvartau N. E. , Irtyuga O. B. , Kislyak O. A. , Koziolova N. A. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Kotovskaya Yu. V., Yu. V. , Libis R. A. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Nebiridze D. V. , Nedoshivin A. O. , Nikulina S. Yu. , Ostroumova O. D. , Oschepkova E. V. , Ratova L. G. , Salasiuk A. S. , Skibitsky V. V. , Tkacheva O. N. , Troitskaya E. A. , Chazova I. E. , Chesnikova A. I. , Chumakova G. A. , Shalnova S. A. , Shestakova M. V. , Yakushin S. S. , Yanishevsky S. N.
Published: October 2024

The Russian Society of Cardiology (RKO)

With the participation of: Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine (RSMSIM)

Approved by the Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (12.09.2024)
Problematic points of anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation in certain Russian regions in 2016- 2019: results of a retrospective big data analysis
Authors: Druzhilov M. A. , Druzhilova O. Yu. , Ilchenko Z. A. , Chalaya P. I. , Kuznetsova T. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Aim. This retrospective analysis of anticoagulant therapy prescription rate in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged ³18 years in certain Russian regions in 20162019 using artificial intelligence technologies.

Material and methods. Anonymized data of patients with AF aged ³18 years (n=144431; men, 42,0%; mean age, 68,9±15,7 years; mean CHA2DS2-VASc score, 3,2±1,8) were extracted from the Webiomed predictive analytics service using continuous sampling from electronic health records in medical facilities of 6 Russian constituent entities (Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Perm Krai, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) for 2016-2019 using artificial intelligence technologies.

 

Results. Anticoagulant therapy prescription rate in the total sample was 29,7%. Patients with AF and a high thromboembolism risk received anticoagulants in 34,8% of cases. Anticoagulant therapy was prescribed significantly less frequently to women with AF compared to men. In the subgroup of individuals aged under 75 years, anticoagulant therapy prescription rate with a high thromboembolism risk exceeded the same indicator in the subgroup of individuals aged ³75 years as follows: 41,2% vs 29,6% (p<0,001). In patients with AF under 75 years and a high thromboembolism risk, anticoagulant therapy prescription rate significantly gained with an increase in the number of points on the CHA2DS2-VASc scale in the range from 33,2% to 61,9%, in patients aged ³75 years — in the range from 13,0% to 55,5%. We revealed that 23317 (16,1%) patients were prescribed direct oral anticoagulants, of which 9,655 (41,4%) patients initially received warfarin.

Conclusion. The study results indicate an unsatisfactory anticoagulant therapy prescription rate in patients with AF and a high thromboembolism risk in certain Russian regions in 2016-2019. Despite its growth with a CHA2DS2-VASc score increase in the high-risk range, it did not comply with current clinical guidelines This specifies the need for stricter control over the implementation of treatment and diagnostic algorithms and local protocols for managing these patients.
Quality of publicly available information on the principles and methods of first aid in cardiac arrest: a structured analysis of Russian-language web resources
Authors: Birkun A. A. , Ivanova G. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. The high availability of modern information and communication technologies, including the Internet, social networks and mobile devices, creates unique opportunities for widely informing people about the importance, principles and methods of first aid in cardiac arrest. The aim was to assess the completeness and correctness of recommendations for first aid in cardiac arrest presented in open Russian-language web resources.

Material and methods. In February 2024, Yandex and Google searched for publicly available web pages in Russian that provided information on principles and methods of first aid in cardiac arrest in adults. The content of the web pages was analyzed using the ERC Research NET checklist for assessing the quality of educational resources on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Additionally, we determined whether web pages contained unnecessary recommendations.

Results. The sample for analysis consisted of 27 unique web pages. An assessment of information quality provided on them showed poor coverage of key internationally recommended principles and methods for first aid in cardiac arrest. In particular, 81,5% of web pages (n=22) did not report on the importance of initiating chest compressions as early as possible, 85,2% (n=23) did not report on the need to minimize pauses in compressions, 37,0% (n=10) and 25,9% (n=7) did not report on the recommended depth and frequency of compressions, respectively, and 22,2% (n=6) did not report on the need to call an ambulance immediately after recognizing cardiac arrest. Only 33,3% (n=9) of resources mentioned the possibility of compression-only CPR by people who do not have artificial respiration skills. In addition, 77,8% of web pages (n=21) contained redundant instructions that contradicted current international recommendations on CPR, and 29,6% of resources (n=8) allowed actions or inactions that clearly threatened the safety of the victim when bystanders provided first aid to cardiac arrest.

Conclusion. The quality of publicly available Russian-language web resources on first aid in cardiac arrest is generally unsatisfactory. Open access to low-quality resources creates a risk of many people developing false ideas and making mistakes by bystanders in real emergency situations. There is a need to establish uniform procedures for systematic monitoring and quality assurance of publicly available information explaining the principles and methods of first aid in cardiac arrest.
Adam Smith on America
Authors: Coutinho Mauricio Chalfin
Published: October 2024

The article makes an incursion into Smith’s perception of America, according to his many approaches to the new continent in The Wealth of Nations and in Lectures on Jurisprudence. Smith’s perceptions about the population – immigrants, indigenous population, slaves – are under review. Smith’s treatment of ‘colonies’, as well as his commitment to combating the ‘mercantile system’ determine his approach to America. Contrasts between slave labor and free labor colonization are also under review, as well as the contrasts among the European nations in their American colonial adventures. 
Given the many recent studies on the diffusion of the Wealth of Nations in American colonies and countries, especially at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the article tries to invert the focus, showing that ‘Smith on America’, instead of the reception of the Wealth of Nations in America (‘Smith in America’), may add to our understanding of nuclear points of Smith’s approach to historical realities.
Intelligence in psychology: from ''disappearance" to communication and integration of knowledge
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University K.D. Ushinsky, Mazilov V.A. , Slepko Y.N. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University K.D. Ushinsky
Published: October 2024

The article examines a set of phenomenological, theoretical, methodological and historical-psychological problems in the study of intelligence. It is shown that modern psychological research discusses the problem of phenomenological independence of the intellect as a part of mental reality; an incredible variety of conceptual and theoretical constructions have been proposed regarding the nature of intelligence, its connection with other mental phenomena; at the methodological level, the problem is solved in the form of improving psychodiagnostic procedures for measuring intelligence, its integration into the wider space of mental reality. It is argued that despite the variety of studies on the problem of intelligence, a full history of its development in psychology has not yet been written. Summarizing the characteristics of the problems of studying intelligence, the authors argue that the natural integration of research leads to the “dissolution” of the independent phenomenology of intelligence in the space of other phenomena and phenomena of psychology, which actually leads to the “disappearance” of the phenomenon of intelligence from the subject field of psychology. The authors propose to use, in solving the set of identified problems, a targeted integration of knowledge about intelligence, which is based on communicative methodology and a model of the relationship between theory and method in psychology. Communicative methodology allows us to correlate psychological concepts of intelligence and, on this basis, integrate psychological knowledge about it. It is proposed to correlate concepts using the components of pre-theory as a set of initial ideas that precede empirical study and guide the research. Such components are a modeling representation, an idea of a method, a basic category, and an organizing scheme. The productivity of communicative methodology is shown by the example of correlating the concepts of intelligence developed by R.B. Cattell, J. Piaget, V.D. Shadrikov, M.A. Kholodnoy, D.V. Ushakov. It is argued that the proposed concepts are fundamentally correlated with each other in terms of the components of the pre-theory; significant differences in concepts are set at the stage of defining the research problem and modeling ideas about intelligence; concepts do not compete with each other to be the “best” theory of intelligence; concepts reveal different aspects of the phenomenon of intelligence as a complex mental formation. Thus, the article does not solve the problem of intelligence in psychology, but shows a methodological way of integrating psychological knowledge about it.
The relationship of problematic use of social networks with procrastination, academic motivation and self-control in communication
Authors:   Republican Institute of Higher Education, Sheinov V.P. , Karpievich V.A. ,   Belarusian State Technological University
Published: October 2024

The relationship between addiction to social networks and numerous manifestations of psychological ill-being prompted the introduction and study of the construct “problematic use of social networks,” which includes addiction to social networks (as a cause) and all sorts of problems associated with this addiction. The purpose of this study is to identify possible relationships between problematic use of social networks and procrastination, academic motivation and self-control in communication. The empirical basis of the study was the results of an online testing of 2364 respondents (average age M = 21.05, SD = 9.9), among them 1309 women (M = 19.7, SD = 7.1) and 1055 men (M = 21.7, SD = 12.3). The study used: a social network addiction questionnaire (authors V.P. Sheinov, A.S. Devitsyn), a short version of a smartphone addiction questionnaire (author V.P. Sheinov), a short version of the “Academic Motivation Scale” methodology (authors T O. Gordeeva, O. A. Sychev, E. N. Osin), “Procrastination Scale” by K. Lei, adapted by Ya.I. Varvaricheva, M. Snyder’s test “Self-control in communication”. This study established negative relationships between problematic use of social networks by women and men with cognitive motivation and achievement motivation and positive relationships with interjected and external motivation and smartphone addiction. Moreover, for men the relationship with cognitive motivation is linear, and for women it is nonlinear. A link was found between social media addiction and procrastination in women, but not in men. This contradicts a similar connection established by a number of foreign researchers in women and men. The connection with self-control in communication established in this study correlates with a similar result shown in foreign publications. The results presented in the article can be used in explanatory work among students, their parents, teachers, and psychologists of educational institutions about the dangers of dependence on social networks due to its direct connection with procrastination and decreased motivation to study.
The tendency to taking risks in solving a social dilemma in the context of collective interaction
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Pustovik V.A. , Khramtsova L.M. ,   Tomsk State University, Kulikova S.P. ,   Higher School of Economics-Perm, Iaily M. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

An important role in decision-making is taking a risk, which can direct a person towards one of a number of alternatives. Research involving the study of risk-taking in the context of social dilemmas considers cooperation or non-cooperation as possible decision-making options. A classic example of this choice is the decision-making process in the context of the "Prisoner's Dilemma". The choice between cooperating or not cooperating is characterized by risk, since such decisions have uncertain consequences. Despite the widespread popularity of the "Prisoner's Dilemma," the influence of the factor of collective interaction on an individual's behavior in this context has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this research is to investigate attitudes towards risk taking in solving social dilemmas, taking into account the process of social interaction. The research methods used were the "Iterated prisoner's dilemma", including a stage of socialization through the formation of small social groups, and economic games to identify emotional and cognitive indicators of attitudes of risks in conditions of uncertainty. The analyzed sample consisted of 124 individuals aged 18 to 36 years (M = 20.39, SD = 2.80), of whom, 100 were female (80.65%), and 24 were male (19.35%). The results of the study did not demonstrate a connection between risk-taking and decisionmaking in solving social dilemmas in collective action. However, there was a slight increase in risk tolerance in individuals who chose defection in most rounds prior to socialization. This indicates the need for anticipating the future decisions of others in order to maximize rewards. An additional analysis was also conducted on a female sample, which confirmed the existence of gender-specificity in solving a social dilemma under conditions of collective interaction.
Executive functions development in children ages 5 to 9
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Almazova О.V. , Bukhalenkova D.А. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Veraksa А.N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gavrilova М.N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Aslanova М.S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2024

This study was aimed at developing norms and analyzing the dynamics of development for the main executive functions components in older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren. In this study we relied on the model proposed by A. Miyake and his colleagues, which identifies three main components of executive functions: working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility. To assess all executive functions components in this study a set of methods previously tested for children of older preschool age was used, most of which were based on subtests of the NEPSY-II diagnostic complex. The study involved 7289 children ages 5 to 9 (M=78, SD=9.9 months), attending older and preparatory groups of kindergarten, as well as first and second grades of school from different regions of Russia, of which 46.7% are boys. The analysis results norms were developed from eight age groups during six-month increments, separating the boys and girls. It was found that in preschoolers, significant differences in the executive functions were observed between children with a difference of six months, and in primary school age - with a difference of a year. In addition, the analysis showed significant differences in all executive functions components in girls and boys of both preschool and primary school ages. Thus, the study made it possible to trace the dynamics of all executive functions components development in Russian children ages 5 to 9. The data obtained will be useful to both scientists and practitioners in the field of child development. It is important to emphasize that the study conducted is a cross-sectional, and its results must be supplemented with longitudinal data on the development of executive functions components.
Medial and paramedial general identities for strong dependance operations
Authors:   Academy of Cryptography of the Russian Federation, Cheremushkin Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

We consider general functional medial and paramedial equations with four object variables. We give analogous of khown results with quasigroup operations for a class of strong dependable operations. As a consequence of these results, an analogous linear representation for every operation of a binary algebra satisfying one of these hyperidentities is obtained. Nevertheless, co-medial and co-paramedial algebras may have nonlinear binary operations.
On the influence of probabilistic characteristics of discrete sources forming cryptographic keys on the practical secrecy of the key
Authors:   TVP Laboratory, Logachev Alexander S. , Mironkin Vladimir O. ,   MIREA - Russian Technological University
Published: October 2024

The mathematical model of a binary discrete source is proposed, which is close to the practical conditions for the operation of cryptographic key generation devices. The model takes into account the non-stationarity of such devices, as well as the presence of statistical dependencies between their output bits. Within the framework of the model, an achievable and easily computable lower estimate of the practical secrecy of the key is obtained. It is shown that with certain parameters of the model, the assessment allows us to draw meaningful conclusions about the cryptographic quality of keys, while other well-known estimates do not cope with this.
On the generic complexity of the problem of computing the Euler function
Authors:   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Rybalov Alexander N.
Published: October 2024

We study the generic complexity of the problem of the Euler function computation. This problem has important applications in modern cryptography. For example, the cryptographic strength of the famous public key encryption system RSA is based on the assumption of its hardness. We prove that under the condition of worst-case hardness and P = BPP there is no polynomial strongly generic algorithm for this problem. For a strongly generic polynomial algorithm, there is no efficient method for random generation of inputs on which the algorithm cannot solve the problem. Thus, this result justifies the application of the problem of computing the Euler function in public key cryptography. To prove this theorem, we use the method of generic amplification, which allows us to construct generically hard problems from the problems that are hard in the classical sense. The main feature of this method is the cloning technique, which combines the input data of a problem into sufficiently large sets of equivalent input data. Equivalence is understood in the sense that the problem is solved in a similar way for them.
Book review: Kornienko, N.V. (ed.) (2022) “A Soviet Reader Has Come to You with a Letter…”: Letters from Readers to M.A. Sholokhov: 1956–1984. Moscow: IWL RAS
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, Filicheva Vera V.
Published: October 2024

The second volume of the peer-reviewed edition completes the project of publishing readers’ letters to Mikhail Sholokhov. The texts prepared by the compilers represent one of the largest collections of readers’ correspondence to the writer (1,162 letters). Most of the letters are in the personal archive of Sholokhov’s family. The phenomenon of fan mail developed in Russia in the early 1870s. It became particularly widespread in the Soviet period due to a number of cultural initiatives in the early years of Soviet power. Letters to Sholokhov appear not so much as signs of his reputation, but as material for the study of the Soviet reader and his era. This is especially evident in the letters included in the second volume: they were written from 1956 until the end of the writer’s life. At this time, people wrote to Sholokhov not only the writer, but also the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Materials from different years clarify the general cultural, political and literary context of these letters. The compilers distinguished groups of letters to Sholokhov by subject matter: letters from readers of the USSR, foreign readers, and representatives of emigration; letters from novice writers; letters to Sholokhov as a public figure; letters from participants in World War II; letters from prisoners; and requests for material assistance. The main topics include requests to send books, autographs, photographs, to tell about the fate of heroes (primarily Grigory Melekhov); appeals for help in solving private and public problems; complaints about the lack of books in libraries, bookstores and at private sellers. Chronologically and compositionally, the letters caused by Sholokhov’s speech at the 20th Congress of the CPSU on the problems of literary creativity and the work of the Writers’ Union are singled out. The awarding of the Nobel Prize to Sholokhov in 1965 caused a reaction of readers. Letters with negative reviews either did not survive in the archives or were not included in the edition. In general, the letters to Sholokhov appear as a subject of general interest of the humanities in collecting, preserving, and publishing documents that reflect the perception of contemporaries of an event or phenomenon. They could become the material for history of reading in Russia. For this purpose, at the first stage, it is necessary to create digital copies of the letters, do their markup and statistical processing according to the main parameters: the letter’s author, date, address, and topic. The next stage could be the correlation of the results obtained with data on letters to other writers. A thematic index could be the first step in this direction and, at the same time, a help in using the existing edition. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Traditions and innovations of the Gorky strategy of book publishing for children
Authors:   А.М. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kudrina Elena V.
Published: October 2024

Book publishing for children in Russia has a long and glorious history. In the first half of the 1920s, children’s literature was regularly published by two specialized publishing houses: Raduga and G. Mirimanov. Maxim Gorky, as an experienced book publisher, initiator and organizer of various publishing projects, adhered to traditions in the book business and introduced innovative approaches to children’s book publishing. The book for Gorky, a supporter of active and productive reading, has always been a work of culture and art capable of elevating a person, being an instrument of education and enlightenment. Gorky’s strategy included the preservation and enhancement of publishing experience. Gorky practiced publishing principles suitable for children’s literature in 1912 when editing Italian Fairy Tales translated by M. Andreeva. In 1917, he participated as an author and editor in the creation of a collection for children Christmas Tree in the Pams publishing house. In 1918, together with the publisher I.R. Belopolsky, the writer organized the first “pre-pioneer” Soviet magazine Severnoe siyanie. In 1933, Gorky was puzzled by the creation of a specialized children’s publishing house, for which he formed a special communicative field: he included his correspondents in the discussion of the plans of Detgiz. He turned for help in creating new children’s literature to K.I. Chukovsky, S.Ya. Marshak, M. Ilyin, S.T. Grigoriev, M. Prishvin, B. Zhitkov, Vs. Ivanov, Yu. Olesha, M. Zoshchenko, artist V. Lebedev, and others. Gorky’s appeal to children in the summer of 1933 with the question of what they read and what books they want to get was a truly innovative method of studying young readers, unique in its simplicity and effectiveness. This unique publishing strategy yielded significant results: Gorky and all those responsible for publishing books for children received reliable, truthful answers from young readers, learned the true interests and requests of Soviet children. Thus, thanks to Gorky, the interests of children began to determine the tasks and directions of the children’s publishing house, as well as the methods and forms of work of its editorial staff. In addition, involving children in discussing the problems of children’s publishing solved the problem of involving children and adolescents in reading. Gorky’s competent strategy - clear ideas about the mission, goals, objectives, orientation of the publishing house, a clear orientation to the target audience - in organizing the state children’s publishing house Detgiz, which still exists today, contributed to the formation of a special Soviet cultural space and to the change of the conceptual activity guidelines of the publishing house for children. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
“New realism” as an object of ideological strategies
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Shum Olga Yu.
Published: October 2024

“New realism” is a specific phenomenon of the beginning of the 21st century, which has repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers as a literary trend and method, as well as as a literary and journalistic project. This article attempts to consider “new realism” as a phenomenon of the literary and publishing process. The concept “literary and publishing process” is revealed: it is the interrelated functioning of fiction and artistic book publishing; the role of literary and publishing institutions in the promotion of “new realism” is characterized. The organizers of the project sought to promote serious literature, more or less tendentious, with socially significant issues, addressing the past, present and future of the country and the state, carrying a patriotic charge even through nihilism and denial. Special events aimed at reviving and promoting ideologically significant literature were organized, such as the Forum of Young Writers of Russia and the Debut literary prize. The works of the participants of these events were published by “thick” literary magazines, articles periodically appeared there to support readers’ interest in “new realism” and its authors, whose composition continued to be replenished at the annual Forum. The project was implemented in printed periodicals and nonperiodicals. Books following the results of the award were published in several publishing houses: AST, O.G.I., Izdatel’stvo R. Elinina, Svetlye Golovy, etc. Information about young writers appeared on the websites of literary publications and literary awards. The authors appeared on television; there were news stories about the events related to the Forum, and in 2004 a film was made based on the work of one of the nominees. The analysis of the complex of measures aimed at creating, publishing and promoting the works of the authors of “new realism” allowed expressing the following idea: the intentions of the coordinators and participants in this project are ideological and partially fall under the definition of publishing strategies given in a monograph by Lyubov Zimina, who described academic, nonconformist, traditionalist, etc. strategies. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Defining the Effect of Teachers’ Medical History on their Inclusive Teaching Practice: Analyzing Feelings of Competence and Knowledge in Inclusive Physical Education
Authors: Ben Rakaa Omar , Bassiri Mustapha , Lotfi Said
Published: October 2024

Background. The process of including special students in the school system has prompted a comprehensive examination of strategies to ensure equity in school justice, the quality of learning, and the harmonious development of students’ potential. The efficacy of these strategies is contingent upon the life experiences and medical backgrounds of the educators in question.
Objectives. The study aimed to evaluate the extent to which personal and family medical histories impact teachers’ sense of pedagogical competence (TSPC) and their knowledge (TK) of students’ physical activity management.
Materials and Methods. The methodology entailed the distribution of an online questionnaire to 339 physical education and sports (PE) teachers, comprising 159 females and 180 males over the age of 21, employed in public schools at the high school and middle school levels. The measurement instrument consisted of four sections: socio-demographic characteristics, personal and family background, sense of pedagogical competence, and teacher knowledge.
Results. The findings indicate a notable prevalence of diseases such as obesity and diabetes in males compared to females, with a significant predominance in older people. It is demonstrated that gender has a particular influence on TSPC and TK in managing hypertensive students. Furthermore, older teachers and those employed in urban settings tend to exhibit greater self-efficacy, despite the absence of a statistically significant association between their initial PES training and TSPC and knowledge outcomes. There is a positive correlation between TSPC and teacher knowledge.
Conclusions. To sum it up, older teachers are more susceptible to developing illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. This medical history has a significant impact on the development of inclusive skills and knowledge of school-related pathologies.
How do the Learning Models of Teaching Game for Understanding and Problem-Based Learning Influence Fundamental Football Skills in Physical Education? Conducting an Analysis in the Elementary School Context
Authors: Santoso Nurhadi , Pambudi Aris Fajar , Prayadi Heri Yogo , Utami Nur Sita , Yudhistira Dewangga , Virama La Ode Adhi
Published: October 2024

Objectives. The study aimed to examine the influence of Teaching Game for Understanding (TGfU) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning models on the elementary school students’ fundamental football skills in physical education.
Materials and methods. This study is classified as experimental research. The research design used was quasi-experimental.  A total of 46 elementary school students aged 10-11 years were the samples in this study. Of the 46 samples, 23 received the PBL learning model, whereas 23 received TGfU learning.
Results. The research findings showed that: (1) there was a significant influence of the PBL learning model on fundamental football skills in physical education, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05; (2) the TGfU learning model demonstrated a substantial effect on fundamental football skills, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05; (3) a significant difference was observed between the PBL and TGfU learning models on fundamental football skills with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, and the difference between the two groups was 10.69.
Conclusions. According to the results obtained, the PBL and TGfU learning models have a positive influence on fundamental football skills.
Mapping of Petanque Sports Research Trends for the period 2011-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis in the Scopus Database
Authors: Hafidz Abdul , Wiriawan Oce , Nurhasan  , Nurkholis  , Nugraha Afif Dwi , Purnomo Mochamad , Pratama Rivan Saghita , Yudhistira Dewangga
Published: October 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the trend of petanque sports from 2011 to 2024 in the Scopus database. The research focused on productivity assessment, publication type, journal ranking, frequency of publishing, number of citations, study area focus, keywords, and co-authorship.
Materials and methods. This study was carried out using a bibliometric method. The research stages comprised (1) searching for articles using the Boolean “Petanque” AND “petanque in sport”, (2) inquiry with inclusion criteria of e-books, short reports, conferences, original articles, literature reviews in English, French, and Spanish from 2011 to 2024, (3) filtering 34 articles, (4) eliminating 19 articles, leaving 15 articles that were considered worthy, (5) re-filtering and producing the same number, namely 15 articles, and (6) deciding 15 final data articles. Data collection and analysis techniques used were Mendeley, VOSviewer, and Excel.
Results. In terms of productivity, 3 (20.00 %) documents were identified from 2011, 2021, and 2024; the most common type of document was original articles, with a total of 13 (86.67 %); the most journal rankings were in quartile 3 and 4 (30.00 %); the journals most frequently publishing research on petanque included the Journal of Physical Education and Sport, Ethnologie Francaise, Concurrences, and the International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, and Retos, each of which had 2 (13,00 %) documents; while the largest number of citations was from Pelana et al, with 26 citations. The majority of studies focused on physical, technical, and biomechanical aspects. The most commonly appearing keywords included performance, athlete, performance characteristic, sport, optimum group performance, and psychological training plan. Regarding collaboration, 14 researchers were found to be cooperating on the same research topic.
Conclusions. Petanque sports studies still require better research productivity and innovation to improve information and knowledge.
Olfactory Organoids v1
Authors: Ozgun Alp , Suman Priya , Tomlinson Julianna
Published: October 2024

This protocol enables obtaining 3D matrix-embedded olfactory organoids from KRT5+ olfactory horizontal basal cells. Resulting samples consist of hydrogel matrix domes with a volume of containing hollow spheres of olfactory epithelium. The amounts were given per sample and should be calculated according to how many samples will be made.