bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-reported and pill count measures of adherence to oral HIV PrEP among female sex workers living in South-Western Uganda
Authors: Nakiganda Lydia Jacenta , Grulich Andrew E. , Poynten Isobel Mary , Serwadda David , Bazaale Jeremiah Mulamba , Jin Jeff , Bavinton Benjamin R.
Published: November 2022

Background

Female sex workers (FSWs) in Uganda are at high risk of HIV infection. Scaling up oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) will reduce HIV incidence if high levels of adherence are maintained. This study evaluates PrEP adherence using clinic-based pill counts and self-reported measures, and factors associated with protective levels of adherence.

Methods

Participants were sex workers who had been taking PrEP for at least 5 months and were attending routine follow-up visits for PrEP care in fishing communities and along the Trans-African Highway. Participants who had a pill count showing at least 85% use since their last clinic visit and those who reported taking their PrEP every day in the last 5 months were categorised as having ‘protective adherence’. Spearman’s correlation and weighted kappa assessed the relationship between pill count and self-reported measures. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with protective adherence as measured by pill count.

Results

We recruited 524 FSWs, with a median age of 29 years (IQR 23–35). Participants were recruited from fishing communities and Trans-African Highway towns (n = 297, 56.7%, and n = 227, 43.0%). Nearly three quarters (n = 372, 71.0%) of women were estimated to have protective adherence based on pill count (i.e., a pill count of >85%) and 50.4% by self-report in last 3 months. There was a strong positive association between self-reported measures and pill count measures (rest = 0.6453, 95% CI = 0.5924–0.6927) and a moderate agreement between self-reported measures and pill count measures, κ = 0.544 (95%CI = 0.4869–0.6011, p < 0.001).

Factors associated with protective adherence included being aged 35 years or older (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.17–4.86), living in a fishing community (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.62–3.38), and having an STI in last 3 months (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.07–2.49).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that PrEP-experienced FSWs attending clinical follow-up visits reported high protective levels of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis, as measured by both pill count and self-reported measures, and a moderate agreement between pill count and self-reported measures.
SARS due to COVID-19: Predictors of death and profile of adult patients in the state of Rio de Janeiro, 2020
Authors: Eleuterio Tatiana de Araujo , Oliveira Marcella Cini , Velasco Mariana dos Santos , Menezes Rachel de Almeida , Gomes Regina Bontorim , Martins Marlos Melo , Raymundo Carlos Eduardo , Medronho Roberto de Andrade
Published: November 2022

Introduction

We aimed to describe the profile of adult patients and analyze the predictors of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Knowledge of the predictors of death by COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, a state with one of the highest mortality rates in Brazil, is essential to improve health care for these patients.

Methods

Data from the Information System for Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza and the Mortality Information System were used. A binary logistic regression model evaluated the outcome of death, sociodemographic data, and clinical-epidemiological and health care covariates. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were performed with the R program, version 4.0.0.

Results

Overall, 51,383 cases of SARS due to COVID-19 among adults were reported in the state between March 5 and December 2, 2020. Mortality was high (40.5%). The adjusted final model presented the following predictors of death in SARS patients due to COVID-19: male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.17); age (OR = 5.35, 95%CI, 4.88–5.88; ≥75 years); oxygen saturation <95% (OR = 1.48, 95%CI, 1.37–1.59), respiratory distress (OR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.21–1.41) and dyspnoea (OR = 1.25, 95%CI, 1.15–1.36), the presence of at least one risk factor/comorbidity (OR = 1.32, 95%CI, 1.23–1.42), chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.94, 95%CI, 1.69–2.23), immunosuppression (OR = 1.51, 95%CI, 1.26–1.81) or chronic neurological disease (OR = 1.36, 95%CI, 1.18–1.58), and ventilatory support, invasive (OR = 8.89, 95%CI, 8.08–9.79) or non-invasive (OR = 1.25, 95%CI, 1.15–1.35).

Conclusions

Factors associated with death were male sex, old age, oxygen saturation <95%, respiratory distress, dyspnoea, chronic kidney and neurological diseases, immunosuppression, and use of invasive or noninvasive ventilatory support. Identifying factors associated with disease progression can help the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and improve outcomes.
Scientific progress made towards bridging the knowledge gap in the biology of Mediterranean marine fishes
Authors: Daskalaki Eva , Koufalis Evangelos , Dimarchopoulou Donna , Tsikliras Athanassios C.
Published: November 2022

The Mediterranean Sea is a renowned biodiversity hotspot influenced by multiple interacting ecological and human forces. A gap analysis on the biology of Mediterranean marine fishes was conducted in 2017, revealing the most studied species and biological characteristics, as well as identifying knowledge gaps and areas of potential future research. Here, we updated this gap analysis five years later by reviewing the literature containing information on the same eight biological characteristics, namely length-weight relationships, growth, maximum age, mortality, spawning, maturity, fecundity and diet, for the 722 fish species of the Mediterranean Sea. The results revealed a considerable knowledge gap as 37% of the species had no information for any of the studied characteristics, while 13% had information on only one characteristic. Out of all the biological characteristics, the smallest knowledge gap was found in the length-weight relationships (studied for 51% of the species, mainly in the eastern Mediterranean), while the least studied characteristic was mortality (studied for 10% of the species). The western and eastern Mediterranean Sea were leading forces in data collection exhibiting the narrowest gaps between current and desired knowledge. The most studied species across the entire region were the highly commercial European hake (Merluccius merluccius), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus), common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus), and annular seabream (Diplodus annularis). The knowledge gap has shrunk by 6% during the last five years, with 40 new species having at least one study on their biology. Moreover, research has slightly shifted towards species that have been traditionally neglected, e.g., sharks, rays and chimaeras (chondrichthyans). It is recommended that research becomes less focused on commercial species and more targeted towards the identified gaps, vulnerable species (e.g., deep-sea species and chondrichthyans) and species that could potentially pose a threat (e.g., non-indigenous species) to the ecosystems of the everchanging Mediterranean Sea.
Perioperative changes in left ventricular systolic function following surgical revascularization
Authors: Downey Michael C. , Hooks Matthew , Gravely Amy , Naksuk Niyada , Buelt-Gebhardt Melissa , Carlson Selma , Tholakanahalli Venkat , Adabag Selçuk
Published: November 2022

Background

Nearly 1/3rd of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) have left ventricular systolic dysfunction. However, the extent, direction and implications of perioperative changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have not been well characterized in these patients.

Methods

We studied the changes in LVEF among 549 patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF <50%) who underwent CABG as part of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial. Patients had pre- and post-CABG (4 month) LVEF assessments using identical cardiac imaging modality, interpreted at a core laboratory. An absolute change of >10% in LVEF was considered clinically significant.

Results

Of the 549 patients (mean age 61.4±9.55 years, and 72 [13.1%] women), 145 (26.4%) had a >10% improvement in LVEF, 369 (67.2%) had no change and 35 (6.4%) had >10% worsening of LVEF following CABG. Patients with lower preoperative LVEF were more likely to experience an improvement after CABG (odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI 1.21–1.53; per 5% lower preoperative LVEF; p <0.001). Notably, incidence of postoperative improvement in LVEF was not influenced by presence, nor absence, of myocardial viability (25.5% vs. 28.3% respectively, p = 0.67). After adjusting for age, sex, baseline LVEF, and NYHA Class, a >10% improvement in LVEF after CABG was associated with a 57% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26–0.71).

Conclusions

Among patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing CABG, 26.4% had >10% improvement in LVEF. An improvement in LVEF was more likely in patients with lower preoperative LVEF and was associated with improved long-term survival.
Predicting Length of Stay using machine learning for total joint replacements performed at a rural community hospital
Authors: Sridhar Srinivasan , Whitaker Bradley , Mouat-Hunter Amy , McCrory Bernadette
Published: November 2022

Background

Predicting patient’s Length of Stay (LOS) before total joint replacement (TJR) surgery is vital for hospitals to optimally manage costs and resources. Many hospitals including in rural areas use publicly available models such as National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) calculator which, unfortunately, performs suboptimally when predicting LOS for TJR procedures.

Objective

The objective of this research was to develop a Machine Learning (ML) model to predict LOS for TJR procedures performed at a Perioperative Surgical Home implemented rural community hospital for better accuracy and interpretation than the NSQIP calculator.

Methods

A total of 158 TJR patients were collected and analyzed from a rural community hospital located in Montana. A random forest (RF) model was used to predict patient’s LOS. For interpretation, permuted feature importance and partial dependence plot methods were used to identify the important variables and their relationship with the LOS.

Results

The root mean square error for the RF model (0.7) was lower than the NSQIP calculator (1.21). The five most important variables for predicting LOS were BMI, Duke Activity Status-Index, diabetes, patient’s household income, and patient’s age.

Conclusion

This pilot study is the first of its kind to develop an ML model to predict LOS for TJR procedures that were performed at a small-scale rural community hospital. This pilot study contributes an approach for rural hospitals, making them more independent by developing their own predictions instead of relying on public models.
Blubilds – drawing diagrammatic stains
Authors: Leah Joanna
Published: November 2022

This project adopts the concept of a dance diagram such as Andy Warhol’s Fox Trot (1962) introduced by Rosalind Krauss in her writing on the relationship of material forces in a diagrammatic structure to create a model of notation with actions and objects derived from Edgelands. Coined by Marion Shoard, Edgelands are post-industrial cityscapes, a typology of abandon, dereliction and decay. Shoard notes these sites are characterized by creative cultural practices of photography and graffiti; urban explorers, parkour. My Blubilds project aimed to challenge these cultural practices of parkour and graffiti to provoke new engagement in those sites. To this end, I apply the concept of Rosalind Krauss’s resistant diagram and gravity I adapted from Formless: A User’s Guide (). Gravity is a force of undoing to remake spaces – and I draw with my body and equipment to facilitate gravity within a dance diagram to create a new space. This contrasts the cultural practices such as Graffiti and parkour and breaks with those existing activities to tag, mark and leave a new trace in Edgelands. Blubilds draw a live embodied diagram, based on the movement patterns found in Edgeland sites, since ‘action’ is to draw a line with the body. Tim Ingold’s approach to drawing informs my perspective that lines of movement that draw (in) place engage with the lived narratives of those places. Ingold suggests that the narratives that make place are created by entangled lines created by movement; furthermore, to ‘draw out’ – as in Douglas phrase – suggests that drawing in place ‘draws-out’ new spaces. Blue is emblematic as a nod to Krauss’s ‘rude noise, the blueprint and the acts of Graffiti’, it becomes Blubilds – a dynamic diagrammatic stain.
Hidrokarburo likidoen ekoizpena etilenoaren oligomerizazioaren bitartez
Authors: Tabernilla Sánchez Zuria , Barredo Asier , García Josu , Garmendia Julen , Ateka Ainara , Epelde Eva
Published: November 2022

Etilenoa industria petrokimikoko olefina arinen merkatuan liderra da, eta haren eskaria urtean % 3,4 igotzen da. Gas naturalaren eskuragarritasuna dela eta, etanoaren prezioak beherakada nabarmena izan du mundu-mailan eta horrek findegietan etanoaren ur-lurrun bidezko cracking termiko (SC) izeneko prozesuaren erabilera areagotu du, non etilenoa ekoizten den nagusiki. Horrek findegietan etilenoaren gaindikina izatea eragin du, eta areagotu egin du propilenoaren ekoizpenean dagoen defizita. Hori horrela, etilenoa oligomerizazioaren bitartez balorizatzeak balio erantsiko produktuak ekoiztea ahalbidetzen du, hala nola olefina astunak, erregaiak (gasolina, jet fuela eta diesela) edota aromatikoak; beraz, interesa piztu du gaur egungo findegietan zein industria petrokimikoetan. Izan ere, etilenoaren gaindikinari aurre egiteaz gain, oligomerizazioan erabilitako etilenoa iturri jasangarrietatik baldin badator, esate baterako CO2-aren balorizaziotik, lortutako oligomerizazio-produktuek, bereziki erregaiek, ez dute sufrerik izango, ezta heteroatomorik ere; beraz, toxikotasun-maila askoz baxuagoa izango dute, eta jatorri fosiletik lortutako erregaiek baino inpaktu txikiagoa ingurumenean. Artikulu honetan, lehendabizi etilenoaren erabilerak, ohiko teknologiak eta teknologia berriztagarriagoak laburki azaldu dira. Jarraian, etilenoaren oligomerizaziorako industrian ezarrita dauden teknologiak deskribatu dira, katalizatzaile motak, operazio-baldintzak (tenperatura eta presioa) eta erreakzio-mekanismoa aztertuz. Azkenik, etilenoaren oligomerizazioak eta garapen jasangarrirako helburuen (GJHen) arteko harremana erlazionatzen duten gakoak laburbildu dira.
Lo Stato capitalista e le sue Maschere
Authors: Nunes António José Avelãs
Published: November 2022

Cominciando dallo studio delle radici dello Stato capitalista, l’autore ricorda gli scritti dei Fisiocrati, di Adam Smith e mette in luce l’importanza della Rivoluzione Francese. Analizza, in seguito, il passaggio dallo Stato liberale allo Stato keynesiano, seguendo l’evoluzione del capitalismo (capitalismo di concorrenza, capitalismo monopolista, capitalismo monopolista di Stato), e illustra l’impatto della Prima guerra mondiale, della Rivoluzione d’Ottobre e della Grande Depressione.&lt;br&gt;Sconfitto il nazifascismo e messe da parte le ‘soluzioni’ corporative, i cambiamenti imposti dalla Seconda guerra mondiale condussero alla rivoluzione keynesiana e allo Stato sociale, che l’autore esamina da un punto di vista critico. Particolare attenzione viene rivolta alla controrivoluzione monetarista e alle politiche neoliberiste (Washington consensus) che l’hanno messa in pratica, traducendosi, per azione dello Stato regolatore e dello Stato garante, in politiche avverse ai lavoratori, che hanno aperto la strada a nuove forme di fascismo, la cui forza si manifesta negli Stati Uniti e nell’Unione Europea. L’ultimo capitolo prende in esame la rivoluzione scientifica e tecnologica per giungere alla conclusione che il capitalismo non è la fine della Storia.
Prevalence and multidrug resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from chickens at slaughterhouses in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand
Authors: Noenchat Pattarakitti , Nhoonoi Chawakorn , Srithong Thanawan , Lertpiriyasakulkit Sujeeporn , Sornplang Pairat
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Enterococcus is a commensal bacteria found in humans and animals, which can cause human nosocomial infections. One of the most contaminated enterococcal sources is poultry meat. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of Enterococcus from chickens and their meat products at local slaughterhouses in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: From January 2021 to March 2022, 558 samples from 279 cloacal swabs and breast meat were collected from 31 local slaughterhouses in the area. Then, the samples were screened for Enterococcus using modified de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar. Next, selected Gram-positive, catalase-negative, and cocci-shaped colonies were investigated for enterococcal confirmation using Enterococcosel Agar (EA). We also cultivated the samples directly on EA. However, the disk diffusion method was used to investigate positive Enterococcus resistance profiles to 16 antimicrobial agents. Finally, selected phenotypic multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus isolates were further assessed to identify AMR genes by polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Investigations showed that the prevalence of Enterococcus isolates from the chicken cloacal swabs and meat samples were 29.75% (83/279) and 28.32% (78/279), respectively. Most Enterococcus positive isolates were resistant to colistin, followed by cefoxitin, cephalexin, and streptomycin. These isolates also showed a prevalence of MDR species (65.22%; 105/161) and 66 patterns. Furthermore, selected MDR Enterococcus (MDRE) from cloacal swabs and breast meat were positive for the resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase TEM genes at 71.43% (20/28) and 78.26% (18/23), respectively, whereas other AMR genes detected in the selected MDR enterococci from the cloacal swabs and breast meat were beta-lactamase TEM (blaTEM [0%, 1.96%]), Class 1 integrase (intI1 [14.28%, 0%]), colistin (mrc–1 [3.57%, 0%]), and vancomycin (vanA [14.28%, 0%]).

Conclusion: This study indicated that phenotypic MDRE correlated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase TEM gene presence, leading to an AMR reservoir that can be transferred to other bacteria.
Imbalance in the ratio between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors and neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus of aged dogs
Authors: Szriber Shirley Jaqueline , Novaes Leonardo Santana , Dos Santos Nilton Barreto , Munhoz Carolina Demarchi , Leite-Dellova Deise Carla Almeida
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Cortisol binds to mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) found in the hippocampus. The balanced expression of these receptors is essential to neuronal survival as MR and GR activations have antiapoptotic and proapoptotic effects, respectively. Given the aging changes in dogs' dentate gyrus (DG) and the possible involvement of cortisol receptors in this process, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of MR and GR and neuronal degeneration in this hippocampal region of aged dogs.

Materials and Methods: This study included cadaveric histologic hippocampus sections from six dogs aged 10 years and older (AG group) and 12 young/adult dogs aged up to 8 years (YAd group). Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to identify cells and investigate MR and GR expression, respectively. Furthermore, fluorescent labeling (fluoro- Jade B) was used to detect degenerating neurons.

Results: The AG group's polymorphic layer of the DG had a lower cell count (16%) and more degenerating neurons than the YAd group. In addition to these cellular changes, the AG group had lower MR immunoreactivity and MR-to-GR ratio. Furthermore, the lowest MR expression was associated with neuronal degeneration in the polymorphic layer of the DG of dogs.

Conclusion: An imbalance in the MR-to-GR ratio was observed in the polymorphic layer of the DG of aged dogs, along with lower MR expression and a greater number of degenerating neurons. These findings have clinical implications for understanding the decline in hippocampal memory formation associated with cognitive changes in aged dogs.
ELABORAÇÃO DE UM ÍNDICE DE COMPETITIVIDADE TURÍSTICA MUNICIPAL: COMPILAÇÃO DE DADOS, MÉTODOS DE ESTIMAÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO
Authors: Santos Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira , Uvinha Ricardo Ricci
Published: November 2022

Os índices de competitividade turística têm sido amplamente debatidos nos contextos da gestão de destinos e da pesquisa acadêmica. Contudo, a discussão metodológica sobre a construção e a validação desses índices apresenta uma série de lacunas. Buscando contribuir nesse campo, o presente artigo descreve os métodos de compilação de dados, estimação e validação do Índice de Competitividade Paulista de Turismo (ICPT). O ICPT amplia a profundidade e o rigor no cômputo de uma série de aspectos dos índices de competitividade. Procedimentos tradicionais e inovadores de compilação de dados são empregados. Diversas teorias e técnicas são conjuntamente empregadas na composição do ICPT. A validade do índice é testada por meio de um modelo de equações estruturais do tipo MIMIC, estimado por mínimos quadrados parciais consistentes. Os resultados do modelo estimado sugerem a validade do índice. As informações apresentadas neste artigo podem servir de base para o desenvolvimento de outros índices de competitividade.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO OBSERVATÓRIO DE TURISMO DA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Maciel Batista Selma Paula , Cavalcante Guimarães Márcia Raquel , Ribeiro Maia Karla Cristina , De Souza Fonsêca Maria Helena
Published: November 2022

O monitoramento dos impactos da cadeia produtiva do turismo nos destinos caracteriza-se como um desafio a ser superado pelos agentes responsáveis pelo planejamento e a gestão da atividade, promovendo os observatórios como mediadores desse processo. No ano de 2020, diante do cenário pandêmico provocado pela Covid-19, essa importância ficou evidente com a aplicação de uma pesquisa em território nacional, coordenada pela Rede Brasileira de Observatórios que, como resultado, criou um grupo de trabalho para propor a harmonização de uma base de dados estatísticos do turismo no Brasil. Com esse contexto, o objetivo do artigo é analisar a trajetória percorrida no planejamento e na implantação do Observatório de Turismo da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas em parceria com instituições que atuam no planejamento, no ordenamento e na operacionalização das atividades turísticas no Amazonas. A metodologia caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e fundamentou a análise na literatura sobre a função e a finalidade dos observatórios. Como resultado, descreve o processo de criação do Observatório de Turismo da UEA, sob a coordenação de uma universidade que produz conteúdo que, disponível em plataforma web de acesso público e gratuito, contribui para a formação de um Sistema de Informação Turística do destino Amazonas.
GESTÃO DE CRISE NO TURISMO: REFLEXOS DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NOS MEIOS DE HOSPEDAGEM DO MUNICÍPIO DE TORRES, RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BRASIL
Authors: Martins da Silva Garbuio Maria Emília , Bitencourt Pereira Danielli , Eyng Bárbara , Lopes da Silva Lucyene
Published: November 2022

Os eventos adversos são uma constante no mundo, desde tempos remotos, incluindo desastres ambientais, crises diplomáticas, guerras civis e humanitárias, epidemias entre outros. Quando estes ocorrem, um dos segmentos econômicos mais afetados é o turismo. Seus impactos podem repercutir em uma escala multilateral, com sérios prejuízos. Ao final do ano 2019, o mundo se deparou com a pandemia da covid-19, propiciando efeitos globais catastróficos. Diante disso, a gestão de crise emerge como um conjunto de estratégias de controle e recuperação derivado de circunstâncias como essas. Sendo assim, a pesquisa investigou quais foram as principais estratégias adotadas pelos meios de hospedagem do município de Torres (Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil), durante o período pan­dêmico, na tentativa de reduzir os efeitos adversos econômicos. Aplicou-se uma entrevista estruturada com 19 dirigentes de meios de hospedagem, em agosto de 2021, tendo como principais variáveis: estratégias para contenção da crise, adaptação aos protocolos de segurança sanitária e medidas prospectivas para a estabilidade do empreendimento. Adotou-se o gerenciamento de dados da plataforma google forms para tabulação dos dados. Os resultados apontaram impactos negativos no setor, como queda drástica na demanda, dificuldades econômicas e cancelamen­tos de reservas. As estratégias de enfrentamento mais recorrentes foram a gestão de marketing e a retenção de gastos. Evidenciou-se que, no geral, as empresas não implementam planos de gestão de crise e, quase sempre, atuam de forma reativa a elas.
Alternative Dispute Resolution and the Civil Courts
Authors: De Girolamo Debbie , Spenser Underhill Dominic
Published: November 2022

In 1996, Lord Woolf described a vision for civil English and Welsh justice, culminating in his culture-changing reforms (the Woolf Reforms) and the Civil Procedure Rules of April 1999. These impose a continuing duty on litigants to consider alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in preference to litigation, even after it has commenced, and on the courts, to encourage ADR. These duties are a central method for the delivery of justice. They required a radical new way of thinking about disputes from litigants, their advisors and the courts.

This article focuses on Lord Woolf’s vision and his Reforms, and their impact on the approach to ADR taken by the courts since 1999. It seeks to identify how that approach informs a concept of justice within the practice of modern litigation. The approach, supported by relevant case law, presents a broader and arguably more sophisticated view of justice that involves party autonomy, dialogue, settlement, creativity, flexibility of outcome, compromise, satisfaction and saving costs, as well as the more conventional approach to determining rights at trial after due process. 

Keywords: ADR; mediation; justice; civil justice; court reforms; overriding objective; Halsey.
Briefing Note
Authors: Bohm Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Abstract 

The presumption that computers are reliable in England and Wales is proved to be wrong. Nicholas Bohm, James Christie, Peter Bernard Ladkin, Bev Littlewood, Paul Marshall, Stephen Mason, Martin Newby, Steven J. Murdoch, Harold Thimbleby and Martyn Thomas CBE

Index words: England and Wales; presumption computers are reliable; proposal to rectify
A virtual global carbon price enabling engineers to drive essential and rapid decarbonization
Authors: Clarke Richard , Maslin Mark
Published: November 2022

Climate change is now an infrastructure challenge. Within the next 30 years our energy generation must switch from fossil fuels to renewables (IPCC, 2022). New buildings need to be zero-carbon and existing buildings need to be retrofitted (IPCC, 2022). Our global transportation network will need to be transformed. Delivering the Net Zero world is an engineering challenge (Clarke and Maslin, 2022). But to do this we need a globally agreed virtual carbon price so that every single infrastructure project can be assessed in terms of its impact on carbon emissions and thus planetary health. We propose a loss and damage-based carbon price that is enhanced (or reduced) by variable, national impact factors. Carbon intensity weighting would further increase the price's impact.
Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale in Ecuador: psychometric properties and latent mean differences across genders
Authors:   Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain., Vicent María , Sanmartín Ricardo ,   Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain, Otáñez-Enríquez Nelson ,   Faculty of Physical Culture, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador, García-Fernández José Manuel ,   Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
Published: November 2022

Introduction: This paper aims to examine the psychometric properties, i.e., validity, reliability, factorial invariance, and latent mean differences based on gender, of the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale, PSPS, in the Ecuadorian context. Method: A sample consisting of 597 Ecuadorian undergraduates participated in the study. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a 14-item and three-dimensional model of the scale: Perfectionistic Self-Promotion, Nondisplay of Imperfection, and Nondisclosure of Imperfection. This model presented configural; measurement, i.e., metric, strong, and strict; as well as structural invariance across genders. Discriminant validity was observed by analysing correlations between PSPS factors and perfectionism traits. Males exhibited higher latent means of Perfectionistic Self-Promotion and also Nondisplay of Imperfection than females. Conclusions: The Spanish-translated and brief version of the PSPS represents a reliable and valid tool for assessing perfectionistic self-presentation in Ecuador.
função docente e a produção do conhecimento
Authors: Saviani Demerval
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Pensando no tema "A função docente e a Produção do Conhecimento", que me foi atribuído pela organização do II Seminário Regional sobre a Formação do Educador, fiquei me perguntando como é que poderia ser enfocado o referido tema.
Certamente, não se trata da produção do conhecimento pelo professor, embora uma das funções do professor possa ser a produção do conhecimento. Isso de certo modo é algo que se põe para os professores universitários. Com efeito, a partir da ideia de que o ensino superior é indissociável da pesquisa, considera-se que o professor em nível superior deve ser também um pesquisador. Portanto, cabe a ele também produzir conhecimentos.
Mas me parece que quando se une nesse tema, de um lado, a função do docente e, de outro, a produção do conhecimento, parece que se quer estabelecer uma relação mais íntima, porque no caso do professor pesquisador de nível superior, na universidade, se trata de duas funções: a função de professor, aquele que trabalha com os alunos determinados conhecimentos; e a função do pesquisador, aquele que investiga, que produz novos conhecimentos. [...]
Palavras-chave: educação; função do docente; produção de conhecimento.
Editorial inaugural de Educação e Filosofia v.1 n.1 jul./dez. 1986
Authors: E Filosofia Educação
Published: November 2022

REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA é uma publicação semestral do Departamento de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Este número é o primeiro fruto de um sonho antigo e de um inconformismo com a falta de um veículo como este, entre nós.
          Pretendemos incentivar e divulgar trabalhos de natureza interdisciplinar nas áreas de Educação e Filosofia. Mas, se a Revista vier a ter uma linha preferencial — e isto depende muito mais dos nossos colaboradores, que da direção — essa linha não será exclusiva nem excludente, pois a Revista estará aberta às mais diversas correntes de pensamento, não se fechando, pois, com quaisquer grupos. Isto é consequência de nossa visão de Universidade como lugar onde se deve estimular a heterogeneidade de tendências e o debate.
          Entendemos que uma filosofia que propugne posições dogmáticas inviabiliza o debate sobre seus próprios pressupostos, deixando de ser filosofia para tornar-se mera ideologia. Ademais, a discussão de questões de princípio tem razão de ser e há momentos em que apenas ela pode contribuir para a superação de impasses de ordem teórica ou prática, sobretudo nas ciências sociais; somente uma abordagem crítica — o que equivale a dizer: sem preconceitos — pode contribuir para os debates de questões fundamentais tanto para a filosofia, quanto para a educação, ou ainda quanto para uma filosofia de educação.
          A REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA deve representar um fórum de permanentes debates aberto a todo educador, todo pensador e, sobretudo, a todo pensador-educador. Propomo-nos a acolher e divulgar contribuições que sintetizem os resultados de investigações empíricas e teóricas e de projetos práticos, preferencialmente, mas não exclusivamente, desenvolvidos na região do Triângulo Mineiro.
          Dentro do princípio de que o caráter objetivo e preciso do conhecimento científico não é incompatível com os conformismos diante das injustiças de toda ordem, pretendemos, ainda, ser um estímulo aos balanços críticos.
          A REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA é a soma do que temos e somos, mas será um veículo para atingirmos aquilo que queremos ser e ter. Deverá abrir caminho para a reflexão filosófica, a reflexão sobre educação, a reflexão sobre o ensino da filosofia e possibilitará o diálogo com os pensadores e educadores presentes e pretéritos visando à construção do futuro.
          Nós não teríamos sido justos se olvidássemos o empenho da professora Carmelita Vieira dos Santos, chefe do Departamento de Pedagogia para que, diante de tantos cortes de recursos, fossem mantidos aqueles destinados à revista. Nossos agradecimentos também à professora Marly Bernardes de Araújo, diretora do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Artes.           Ao Conselho do Departamento de Pedagogia, nossa gratidão por ter acolhido a Revista.
Educação e mundo cotidiano
Authors: Jesus Osvaldo Freitas de
Published: November 2022

[…] Para Edmund Husserl, "O mundo é a totalidade dos objetos que podem ser conhecidos através da experiência atual, em termos do pensamento teórico”. Dois tipos de ciências teriam acesso a este mundo: as naturais e as sociais. As primeiras ocupar-se-iam do mundo físico e as últimas do mundo social e psicológico. Tudo que estiver fora do universo da experiência não integra este Gesamtinbegriff von Gegenstanden. Este mundo não é a "res extensa" de que falava René Descartes, ao distinguir a res corporea da res cogitans. Ele é, na verdade, a "res victa". Noutras palavras, a natureza e o universo não são o mundo e muito menos o são a mente e as ideias. […]
Palavras-chave: Educação; Mundo cotidiano; Husserl; Natureza; Universo.
Double Plane Direct Shear Apparatus for Determination of Adhesion Factor in Clays
Authors: Shetty Rakshith , Salas Reyes Israel , Cha Minsu , Mooney Michael
Published: November 2022

A modified direct shear assembly with two parallel shear planes was designed to enable the simultaneous and independent measurement of cohesive and adhesive resistance; it is named the “double-plane direct shear device.” The three-block specimen box of the device has top and middle blocks filled with soil specimen and the bottom block is made of solid steel. The middle box is laterally displaced while restraining the top and bottom box, leading to concurrent shearing along two parallel shear planes. Results from quick undrained testing of kaolinite at five different consistency indexes (Ic) and three different vertical stresses (σv) are presented. The stress–deformation curves show greater mobilization of adhesive stress than cohesive stress at low deformations at all Ic and σv. The deformation required for the complete mobilization of cohesive and adhesive stresses and their variation with Ic and σv is discussed. A parameter crossover deformation (dco) is defined to identify the region where adhesive stress is greater than cohesive stress, which would be useful in applications where soil stickiness is of concern. The results show that the presence of partial drainage increases the dco, which results in an increased deformation range over which adhesive stress is greater than cohesive stress, thereby increasing the stickiness susceptibility. Furthermore, results show that the adhesion factor (α, defined as the ratio of adhesion to undrained cohesion) always stayed below unity under undrained conditions, whereas under partial drainage conditions, values of α greater than unity were obtained. The study concludes that for the application where soil stickiness is of concern, the determination of α and its usage to analyze stickiness susceptibility should be performed under simulation of appropriate drainage boundary conditions.
The MASTL/PP2A cell cycle kinase‐phosphatase module restrains PI3K‐Akt activity in an mTORC1‐dependent manner
Authors: Sanz‐Castillo Belén , Hurtado Begoña , Vara‐Ciruelos Diana , El Bakkali Aicha , Hermida Dario , Salvador‐Barbero Beatriz , Martínez‐Alonso Diego , González‐Martínez José , Santiveri Clara , Campos‐Olivas Ramón , Ximénez‐Embún Pilar , Muñoz Javier , Álvarez‐Fernández Mónica , Malumbres Marcos
Published: November 2022

The AKT‐mTOR pathway is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Upon sustained mTOR activity, AKT activity is attenuated by a feedback loop that restrains upstream signaling. However, how cells control the signals that limit AKT activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that MASTL/Greatwall, a cell cycle kinase that supports mitosis by phosphorylating the PP2A/B55 inhibitors ENSA/ARPP19, inhibits PI3K‐AKT activity by sustaining mTORC1‐ and S6K1‐dependent phosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10. Genetic depletion of MASTL results in an inefficient feedback loop and AKT hyperactivity. These defects are rescued by the expression of phosphomimetic ENSA/ARPP19 or inhibition of PP2A/B55 phosphatases. MASTL is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1, thereby limiting the PP2A/B55‐dependent dephosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10 downstream of mTORC1. Downregulation of MASTL results in increased glucose uptake in vitro and increased glucose tolerance in adult mice, suggesting the relevance of the MASTL‐PP2A/B55 kinase‐phosphatase module in controlling AKT and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
Paraspeckles interact with SWI/SNF subunit ARID1B to regulate transcription and splicing
Authors: Reddy Divya , Bhattacharya Saikat , Levy Michaella , Zhang Ying , Gogol Madelaine , Li Hua , Florens Laurence , Workman Jerry L
Published: November 2022

Paraspeckles are subnuclear RNA–protein structures that are implicated in important processes including cellular stress response, differentiation, and cancer progression. However, it is unclear how paraspeckles impart their physiological effect at the molecular level. Through biochemical analyses, we show that paraspeckles interact with the SWI/SNF chromatin‐remodeling complex. This is specifically mediated by the direct interaction of the long‐non‐coding RNA NEAT1 of the paraspeckles with ARID1B of the cBAF‐type SWI/SNF complex. Strikingly, ARID1B depletion, in addition to resulting in loss of interaction with the SWI/SNF complex, decreases the binding of paraspeckle proteins to chromatin modifiers, transcription factors, and histones. Functionally, the loss of ARID1B and NEAT1 influences the transcription and the alternative splicing of a common set of genes. Our findings reveal that dynamic granules such as the paraspeckles may leverage the specificity of epigenetic modifiers to impart their regulatory effect, thus providing a molecular basis for their function.
Mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation as critical targets in cancer
Authors: Punter Kaylee B , Chu Charles , Chan Edmond Y W
Published: November 2022

It has long been recognised that cancer cells critically depend on reprogrammed patterns of metabolism that can enable robust and abnormally high levels of cell proliferation. As mitochondria form hubs of cellular metabolic activity, it is reasonable to propose that pathways within these organelles can form targets that can be manipulated to compromise the ability of cancer cells to cause disease. However, mitochondria are highly multi-functional, and the full range of mechanistic inter-connections are still being unravelled to enable the full potential of targeting mitochondria in cancer therapeutics. Here, we aim to highlight the potential of modulating mitochondrial dynamics to target key metabolic or apoptotic pathways in cancer cells. Distinct roles have been demonstrated for mitochondrial fission and fusion in different cancer contexts. Targeting of factors mediating mitochondrial dynamics may be directly related to impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, which is essential to sustain cancer cell growth and can also alter sensitivity to chemotherapeutic compounds. This area is still lacking a unified model, although further investigation will more comprehensively map the underlying molecular mechanisms to enable better rational therapeutic strategies based on these pathways.
Melatonin alleviates diet-induced steatohepatitis by targeting multiple cell types in the liver to suppress inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Haoran , Zhang Ouyang , Zhang Fengming , Song Menghui , Ma Mengchen , Zhao Youjuan , Ding Rongxiu , Li Dandan , Dong Zhixiong , Jin Shengnan , Han Weiping , Ding Chunming
Published: November 2022

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is complex and implicates multiple cell interactions. However, therapies for NASH that target multiple cell interactions are still lacking. Melatonin (MEL) alleviates NASH with mechanisms not yet fully understood. Thus, we herein investigate the effects of MEL on key cell types involved in NASH, including hepatocytes, macrophages, and stellate cells. In a mouse NASH model with feeding of a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, MEL administration suppressed lipid accumulation and peroxidation, improved insulin sensitivity, and attenuated inflammation and fibrogenesis in the liver. Specifically, MEL reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression and inflammatory signal activation and attenuated CD11C+CD206– M1-like macrophage polarization in the liver of NASH mice. The reduction of proinflammatory response by MEL was also observed in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Additionally, MEL increased liver fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to reduced lipid accumulation, and restored the oleate-loaded primary hepatocytes. Finally, MEL attenuated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and fibrogenesis in the liver of MCD-fed mice and in LX-2 human HSCs. In conclusion, MEL acts on multiple cell types in the liver to mitigate NASH-associated phenotypes, supporting MEL or its analog as potential treatment for NASH.
Metales pesados e imposex en Thaisella chocolata (Gasteropoda: Muricidae) en Matarani, Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Luna-Pacompea Nathali , Juárez-Laguna Fátima , Jaén-Rodriguez Camila , Alvariño Lorena , Iannacone José
Published: November 2022

Los ecosistemas marinos se han visto afectados por la contaminación de metales pesados y de pinturas organoestañosas antiincrustantes, donde estos últimos generan el fenómeno de imposex en gasterópodos marinos. Se evaluó la presencia de metales pesados e imposex en el caracol marino Thaisella chocolata en el desembarcadero pesquero artesanal “El Faro” y a 2 km aproximadamente de dicho muelle, ubicados en Matarani (Arequipa, Perú), durante invierno y primavera de 2021. Además, se evaluaron los metales pesados en el agua y en el sedimento marino. Los metales pesados en las muestras de agua, sedimento y tejido muscular de T. chocolata fueron comparados con normativas nacionales e internacionales para la calidad ambiental. El boro en el agua sobrepasó la norma en las dos zonas en primavera. Ningún metal pesado sobrepasó la normativa en el sedimento. Los valores de As, Cd y Cu y Se en los tejidos de T. chocolata sobrepasaron en alguna de las ocho normas internacionales de comparación. El riesgo en la salud humana por el consumo de moluscos marinos evidenció ausencia de riego no carcinogénico en base al cociente de riesgo objetivo (THQ) y al índice de peligro (HI) por metales pesados en T. chocolata. El tamaño de la conchilla y la longitud del pene en los machos en T. chocolata estuvo correlacionado. Los porcentajes de imposex (9.6%) fueron catalogados como bajos. El RPLI (índice de la longitud relativa del pene), el RPLIest (RPLI estandarizado), y el índice de VSDI (índice de secuencia del conducto deferente) varió entre I a II en T. chocolata presentando baja severidad. Se sugiere continuar el monitoreo de los niveles de metales pesados y el imposex en T. chocolata en la zona sur del Perú, para mejorar la eficacia en la gestión y para hacer cumplir las reglamentaciones nacionales e internacionales.
Diet Composition of the Austral Pygmy Owl in a Peri-Urban Protected Area in South-Central Chile
Authors: Zúñiga A. H. , Rau J. R. , Fuenzalida V. , Sandoval R.
Published: November 2022

The diet of the Austral Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium nana, a small raptor, was studied by pellet analysis. During fall of 2020, 52 pellets were collected in a peri-urban protected area. Amongst 122 prey items, Muridae, represented exclusively by the alien species Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, made up 35.24 % by number and 67.1 % of the biomass, followed by native Cricetidae, at a 37.69 % by number and 17.9 % by biomass. In the last place in relative frequency were birds and arthropods. The biomass contribution was unequal among the different prey, being the alien prey the group with the highest profit. The role of the landscape in the composition of prey in the observed trophic spectrum is discussed.
A 13-Year-Old Male With Left Eye Swelling
Authors: Nazari Matthew A. , Rosenblum Jared S. , Zhuang Zhengping , Malik Archana , Lonser Russell R. , Pacak Karel , Aronoff Stephen
Published: November 2022

A 13-year-old male presented with a 10-day history of left eye swelling and pain. These symptoms prompted presentation to the emergency department. He had no significant past medical history and no preceding fevers or chills. He was found on examination of the eyes and the orbit to have left supraorbital erythema, edema, and pain with upward and medial gaze. Examination of the globe, fundus, and visual fields were normal. His white blood cell count was 6.2 (x1000/mm3) with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 4 (mm/hr). Diagnostic endoscopic biopsy was performed. Here we present this case alongside clinical reasoning and diagnostic evaluation with relevant input from respective experts. This case discussion reviews the final diagnosis, as well as the corresponding evaluation and management. Diagnostic algorithms based on literature review and clinical experience are also included.
¡No nos representan!: análisis comparado de la relación democracia y corrupción en Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica y Ecuador 2015-2018
Authors: Piedrahita-Bustamante Pedro , Restrepo Néstor J. , Ponce Ana Lucía
Published: November 2022

El artículo compara las correlaciones entre la democracia y la corrupción en cuatro países de América Latina: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica y Ecuador, entre 2015 y 2018. Los casos estudiados llevaron entre 2018 y 2020 a una serie de manifestaciones sociales que expresan una crisis de representación, además de diversos hechos de corrupción; no obstante, los cuatro son diferentes en cuanto a sus procesos de construcción y consolidación democrática, así como en la valoración de la corrupción política como problemática relevante. A través de una metodología cuantitativa y la política comparada, se concluye que, a pesar de las similitudes y las diferencias entre los casos objeto de estudio, en términos de legitimidad y confianza todos presentan una tendencia hacia la desdemocratización.