bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК АУДИТТІ ЦИФРЛАНДЫРУ ЖАҒДАЙЫ МЕН ОНЫ ЖЕТІЛДІРУ ЖОЛДАРЫ
Authors: К. Б. Сатымбекова  , С. С. Ахметова  , Г. А. Муратбаева  , А. Б. Тоймаханбет
Published: January 2024

"Бұл мақалада мемлекеттік аудитті цифрландыру жағдайы мен оны жетілдіру жолдары қарастырылған. Экономиканы цифрландыру қазіргі таңда өзекті мәселенің біріне айналды. Қазақстанның әлеуметтік-экономикалық дамуының негізгі мақсаттарына қол жеткізу мүмкіндігі цифрлық технологиялардың дамуымен тығыз байланысты болып отыр. Мемлекеттік басқаруды толық цифрландыру оны қолдану үшін маңызды, әрі қажет болып отыр. Қазақстанда интеграцияланған цифрлық ақпараттық платформаны ұйымдастыру үшін өтпелі цифрлық технологияларды пайдалану бойынша бірқатар шаралар жүзеге асырылды. Қазіргі уақытта үлкен жұмыс жүргізілуде.Сондай ақ озық шетелдік тәжірибе зерделеніп, Финляндия цифрлық дамуды мықтап қолға алған. Бұл елде мемлекеттік аудит бойынша жоғарғы орган болып Финляндияның аудит жөніндегі ұлттық кеңсесі (ФАҰК) (The National Audit Office of Finland (NAOF) табылады. Финляндияның аудит жөніндегі ұлттық кеңсесі жаңа стратегия көмегімен өзгерістер мен инновацияға қадам жасаған. Стратегияның ерекшелігі сонда, ол ұзақ мерзімді жоспарлау ғана емес, ол ең алдымен өз қызметкерлеріне арналған мәлімдеме болып отыр. Осы стратегия арқылы мемлкеттік басқарудың инновациялық жаңаруын қамтамасыз етуге бағыт алды. Осылайша өз қызметкерлерін үлгі етіп, инновациялық жаңартуды мәлімдеді.осы тәжірибені мақалада зерттеп көрсеттік. Ал Қазақстан экономикасы үшін салыстырмалы түрде жаңа мемлкеттік аудитті цифрландыру арқылы көптеген мәселелерді шешуге бағыт алуға болатынымыз туралы осы мақалада айтылады.
НАЛОГОВЫЕ СТИМУЛЫ И ЛЬГОТЫ ДЛЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: КАК ОНИ ПОМОГАЮТ РАЗВИТИЮ ОТРАСЛИ
Authors: З. О. Иманбаева
Published: January 2024

Эта научная статья посвящена анализу налоговых стимулов и льгот, предоставляемых сельскому хозяйству, и их воздействию на развитие данной отрасли. В ходе исследования были выделены несколько ключевых этапов. Первый этап включал в себя систематический анализ существующих налоговых мероприятий, предназначенных для поддержки сельского хозяйства. Были рассмотрены различные налоговые стимулы, такие как льготы на землю, налоговые кредиты и субсидии, предоставляемые государством для стимулирования сельскохозяйственных предприятий. Второй этап включал анализ объектов данных налоговых стимулов. Рассмотрены были различные категории сельскохозяйственных предприятий, от мелких фермерских хозяйств до крупных агропромышленных комплексов, чтобы оценить, какие именно объекты получают большую выгоду от предоставляемых налоговых льгот. На третьем этапе исследования были выделены признаки эффективного использования налоговых стимулов сельскими хозяйствами. Определены факторы, способствующие максимальной эффективности в использовании налоговых преимуществ, а также выявлены возможные проблемы и вызовы, с которыми сталкиваются сельскохозяйственные предприятия при использовании данных стимулов. В результате проведенного исследования делаются выводы о важности налоговых стимулов и льгот для развития сельского хозяйства. Автор статьи предоставляют рекомендации для улучшения существующих налоговых мероприятий с целью более эффективной поддержки развития данной отрасли.
ANDAR EL CUERPO Y LA SENSIBILIDAD LA PEREGRINACIÓN COMO ACONTECIMIENTO DE LA SUBJETIVIDAD Y DE LO SAGRADO
Authors: Méndez-Gallardo Mariana
Published: January 2024

Quizás despreciadas por muchos teóricos, historiadores y antropólogos por estar al margen de los “hechos” institucionalizados y ordenados, o de la “histo­ricidad” de eventos prestigiosos y no repetidos,1 las peregrinaciones son “fenó­menos” que nos aproximan al análisis de las subjetividades individuales y sociales desplegadas ricamente a través de sus ritualidades. Echando mano del análisis de algunos de los elementos rituales que conforman la peregrinación a Chalma en México, revisaremos cómo los peregrinos experimentan su ser cuer­po, flujo y movimiento, y analizaremos ciertas vivencias fenomenológicas como las de la liminalidad, para pensar la realidad sagrada fuera de las categorías tradicionales y poder plantear el problema de lo religioso como irrupción de la novedad o el acontecimiento. Éste, a pesar de expresarse a menudo de forma extraña y metafórica, puede arrojarnos elementos clave para analizar las subjeti­vidades latinoamericanas al manifestar lo que en el funcionamiento cotidia­no-normal de sus estructuras sociales se torna invisible, inadecuado o imposible.
VIDA ETERNA: PROMESA CRISTIANA, OBJETIVO TRANSHUMANISTA UNA REFLEXIÓN DESDE AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: García Caballero Lorena
Published: January 2024

El artículo parte del temor de la humanidad frente a la muerte, de cara a su fini­tud y vulnerabilidad. Con base en esto, plantea cómo en el imaginario cultural desde tiempos muy antiguos, se ha tratado de mitigar esta angustia existencial. El término de cuerpo funge como hilo conductor entre épocas y corrientes tan distintas e incompatibles como el cristianismo y el transhumanismo. No es el propósito de este artículo comparar, ni mucho menos equiparar sus propuestas de resurrección y de vida eterna respectivamente, sino más bien rescatar la ana­logía que comparten en tanto que ambas corrientes de pensamiento intentan, desde su trinchera, ofrecer un suelo firme ante la incertidumbre y angustia por la muerte. Se recurre al concepto de acuerpamiento en América Latina como una forma colectiva en la que cuerpos diversos interpelan directamente al cuerpo abstracto del transhumanismo. América Latina tiene mucho que decir frente a estas visiones tecnocientíficas y objetivos globalizadores como los que promueve el transhumanismo. El acuerpamiento remite a la idea de que, frente a la hegemonía tecnocientífica, hay una relación de cuerpos que, en relación e interacción, hacen frente al cuerpo abstracto y sus bases teóricas que poco dicen a la pluralidad identitaria, comunitaria, social, ética y política de las y los latinoamericanos. Pese a que lo que se trata aquí no es exclusivo de Latinoa­mérica, lo exploramos en este texto como un caso paradigmático para pensar lo que podría significar la promesa transhumanista como algo que se propone viable y accesible a cualquier persona. Reconocemos que hay conjuntos de población en Latinoamérica que sí se podrían sentir identificados con esa pro­mesa y que, aunque algunas personas no pudieran o quisieran acceder a ella, nuestro interés no está en describir por qué algunos sí lo hacen y otros no; nos interesa enfatizar que la misma promesa está obviando o ignorando los cuerpos y lo que a ellos queda ligado, por lo que la imposibilidad de acceso no se debe a lo que tal o cual grupo representa, sino a la promesa misma.
UNA LECTURA DE ITINERARIOS ECOFEMINISTAS EN EL CRUCE ENTRE LA EXPERIENCIA ESPIRITUAL Y LAS DECONSTRUCCIONES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS
Authors: Álvarez, S.J Carlos
Published: January 2024

En esta contribución buscamos explorar el cruce entre la experiencia espiri­tual y las deconstrucciones epistemológicas ecofeministas en América Latina. Nuestra hipótesis es que la “experiencia espiritual” de los grupos de resistencia ecofeministas está inextricablemente vinculada a la intuición de las rupturas epistemológicas en curso. Para comprobar esta hipótesis hemos elegido como foco de investigación algunos de los principales escritos de Ivone Gebara y de Arianne Van Andel, haciéndolas dialogar con las reflexiones de Michel de Cer­teau sobre el acto de creer y la experiencia espiritual. El análisis de sus itine­rarios ecofeministas nos muestra que estos serían afectados por tres grandes movimientos tectónicos: a) la nueva conciencia ecológica; b) el giro decolonial del pensamiento en América Latina; c) una nueva consciencia sobre la cues­tión del género que busca salir de las derivas de un esquema patriarcal. Sus relatos y reflexiones nos permiten reconocer los vínculos constitutivos y cues­tionadores entre el acto de creer, las subjetividades vulnerables y en decons­trucción y la experiencia espiritual.
Avner Baz's Ordinary Language Challenge to the Philosophical Method of Cases
Authors: Irikefe Paul O.
Published: January 2024

Avner Baz argues that the philosophical method of cases presupposes a problematic view of language and linguistic competence, namely what he calls "the atomistic-compositional view". Combining key elements of social pragmatism and contextualism, Baz presents a view of language and linguistic competence, which he takes to be more sensitive to the open-endedness of human language. On this view, there are conditions for the "normal" and "felicitous" use of human words, conditions that Baz thinks are lacking in the context of the philosophical method of cases, and which make the question that philosophers are prone to ask in that context and the answers they give to that question to be pointless. However, in this paper, I argue as follows. First, Baz's conditions for the "normal" and "felicitous" use of human words are in tension with the open-endedness of human language and the use of human words. Second, it is not even clear that those conditions are really missing in the context of the philosophical method of cases. And third, even if we grant that those conditions are missing in that context, this does not licence his damning conclusion on the philosophical method of cases since we are not forced to embrace the view of language and linguistic competence on which that damning conclusion is plausible. This last move is secured by advancing and defending a skill or virtue-based view of language and linguistic competence inspired by the later work of Donald Davidson.
Fatty acid composition of soft whey cheese
Authors: Zhakupova G. N. , Tultabayeva T. Ch. , Sagandyk А. Т. , Kalemshariv B. , Nurtayeva A. B. , Toregeldy Z. S.
Published: January 2024

Due to the existing environmental and economic situation, there is a tendency to produce new food products with a balanced composition and beneficial properties for the human body. In this context, new groups of products are appearing on the market, whose composition and properties differ from the standards. The key factor for the nutritional and biological value of products is again the fatty acids, which consist of saturated and unsaturated acids. Saturated fatty acids are carbon chains with a number of 4 to 30 or more atoms, found mainly in animal fats. Their function is to saturate the body with energy. Excessive saturation with fatty acids leads to a disturbance in fat metabolism and an increase in blood cholesterol levels. Unsaturated fatty acids are part of the components of cells and tissues, provide growth and metabolism, as well as the elasticity of blood vessels. The studied soft whey cheese was made from whey and is a new product of the dairy industry. In this work, the indicators of soft whey cheese such as proteins, fats, moisture, dry matter as well as fatty acid composition of the product are studied. From the analysis results, it is found that the product contains unsaturated fatty acids and its lipid composition has an optimal balance.
Study of physical and mechanical properties of metallized textile materials with protective properties
Authors: Doshibekova A. B. , Jurinskaya I. M. , Tashpulatov S. Sh.
Published: January 2024

100 % cotton fabric of 1030 articles and the following chemicals were used as objects of research: citric acid, sodium citrate, copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O), sodium hypophosphite NaH2PO. As a result of the experimental work, a metallized cotton fabric with protective properties was obtained. The physicomechanical properties of processed cotton fabrics have been studied. The morphology of the surface structure of textile fibers was studied using a scanning electron microscope with a low vacuum. The study showed that the hygroscopic properties of the treated cotton fabrics improve, and the capillarity of the material increases 1.3 times after processing. In the course of research, it was found that the inter-fiber space is preserved after processing, thus the fabric retains its breathable properties after chemical metallization. When studying the morphology of the surface of metallized cotton fibers, it was found that particles settled on the surface of the fibers, forming a film on the fibers, which gives the material electrical conductivity properties.
Study on the strength of needle-punched nonwoven material made on the basis of sole trader "Miras"
Authors: Borkulakova Zh. K. , Mels M. D. , Shardarbek M. Sh. , Bitus E. I. , Sarybayeva E. E.
Published: January 2024

Coarse sheep wool and wastes from the production of woolen yarns are currently considered to be a special waste that requires large disposal costs due to low market demand. For this reason, wool has serious consequences for the environment. However, this type of raw material is considered a promising insulating natural fiber due to its thermal and acoustic properties. Moreover, wool meets the requirements of environmentally friendly materials that are used for yurts, insulation of buildings, and acoustic insulation for the automotive industry. Nevertheless, the sustainability and energy efficiency of insulation materials are currently evaluated comprehensively. In this context, the correctness of the composition of nonwoven fabric, its thickness and strength characteristics, as well as the number of layers play an important role.

   The purpose of this work is to study the relationship between strength characteristics and thickness, as well as the number of layers in nonwovens made of 100 % wool mixed with coarse and fine fibers, and to determine the most optimal variant of insulating nonwovens. 4 samples of one, two, three and four-layered materials were used in the study.

   The tested samples of insulating materials were evaluated according to the parameters of breaking load, strength and elongation. The results of the research showed that with an increase in the number of layers of material, there is an increase in the tested two indicators: breaking load and strength. The elongation rates were uneven. Consequently, by examining all three parameters, it was found that the best option is a three-layered nonwoven material.
Investigation of the ability of fat emulsification in the production of spread
Authors: Alzhaksina N. E. , Tuyakbayeva J. E. , Yerbolat T. E. , Hastayeva A. J.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the main technological parameters of spread production, since the development of formulations for functional emulsion products and their production technology is an urgent task for the food industry. Currently, it is necessary to provide the population with low-calorie products, the organoleptic properties of which do not differ from traditional ones. When creating formulations for emulsion products, technological parameters are first taken into account. Compliance with the correct technological parameters leads to stable organoleptic properties during long-term storage. To do this, the ingredients are selected in such a way that when they interact, they produce a stable product. Since it is possible to obtain emulsion products of the desired composition with different ratios of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as to change the content of various additives, it is natural that the attention of specialists is focused on the effective use of technical capabilities. industries in the production of products for different age groups of the population, as well as functional nutrition. Based on the emulsion study, micrographs were taken of different types of emulsion at different process parameters. Dispersion of the milk-fat phase “Butter: vegetable oil” is carried out until an emulsion of the “Solid” type with a fat globule size of 61.9 microns is obtained, which is carried out with mechanical stirring at a rotation speed of an anchor-type mixer of 110 - 150 rpm. The physicochemical and crystallization properties of the finished product were also studied.

   The purpose of this study is to study technological parameters in the production of spreads and their impact on the process of formation of fat emulsion balls.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN KALSIUM DAN VITAMIN D PADA ANAK STUNTING DAN TIDAK STUNTING USIA 12-59 BULAN DI KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG
Authors: Marsellinda Elsa , Ferilda Siska
Published: January 2024

Masalah anak pendek (stunting) merupakan salah satu permasalahan gizi yang menjadi fokus Pemerintah Indonesia.  Kalsium dan vitamin D merupakan zat gizi yang berpengaruh terhadap mineralisasi tulang. Mineralisasi tulang yang baik pada masa pertumbuhan memungkinkan pertumbuhan linear yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan kalsium dan vitamin D pada anak stunting dan tidak stunting  usia 12-59 bulan  di Kabupaten Sijunjung. Metode penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional.  Sampel penelitian adalah anak berusia 12-59 bulan.  Metode analisis data menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan berdasarkan kelompok umur,  stunting tertinggi pada umur 24-35 bulan  57,14%  dan terendah pada kelompok umur 48-59  bulan 7,14 %.  kemudian  kelompok umur  tidak stunting yaitu umur 24-35 bulan 45,45 % dan terendah pada kelompok umur 48-59  bulan 9,09%. Berdasarkan asupan makanan yang mengandung kalsium dan vitamin D kategori kurang yaitu 50,00% anak stunting dan 13,64% anak tidak stunting. Berdasarkan uji statistik terdapat pengaruh asupan makanan yang mengandung kalsium dan vitamin D terhadap kejadian stunting (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa asupan kalsium dan vitamin D memengaruhi kejadian stunting pada  balita di sijunjung.
PENETAPAN KADAR AKRILAMIDA PADA NAGET AYAM DENGAN PERBEDAAN PROSES PENGOLAHAN SECARA KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI
Authors: Iswandi Iswandi , Purwantari Yuniarsih , Widyasti Jena Hayu
Published: January 2024

Acrylamide is a food contaminant that has the potential to cause cancer. Acrylamide is a substance that is formed due to high temperature processing of food such as frying and baking. Chicken nuggets are a popular fast food, easy to get and can be served quickly.

This study aims to determine the levels of acrylamide in chicken nugget with variations in processing using frying and oven with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Acrylamide in chicken nuggets is extracted with dichlormethane and ethanol. Measurement of acrylamide levels using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Supercolsil C18 column, UV detector at a wavelength of 210 nm and a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with 85% phosphoric acid as mobile phase in acetonitrile and aquabidest (5:95). Method validation was carried out to determine linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ.

The results of the method validation were declared valid for the assay as indicated by the linearity value (r) of 0.99947, percent recovery of 97.29% and the results of the precision test obtained an RSD value of 1.36%. The LOD value was 0.3933 ppm and the LOQ was 1.1919 ppm. The results showed that acrylamide can be formed in the processing of chicken nuggets in 3 replications using the oven method with sequential levels of 0.8459 ppm; 0.7936 ppm and 0.7807 ppm. Whereas with the frying method the acrylamide content formed was 1.4591 ppm; 1.4721 ppm and 1.0554 ppm. The results of statistical analysis using the Independent Simple t test showed that there were significant differences with a significance value of 0.028 in the processing with the oven and frying methods.
Fashion Sketchbook
Authors: Abling Bina
Published: January 2024

Learn how to draw fashion images that communicate design ideas and details. With more than 3,000 color illustrations and updated instructions, the book shows you how to draw women, men, and children, pose the figure, develop the fashion head and face, sketch accessories, add garment details, and prepare flats and specs. Learn more advanced techniques for rendering color, fabrics, and embellishments, from houndstooth and velvet to feathers and fringe. Bina Abling’s detailed, easy-to-follow lessons have clear diagrams and runway photographs to help you develop your drawing skills.

New to this Edition:

-Discussion of sustainability as a mainstay in the fashion industry

-Inclusion of practice templates

-New videos in STUDIO to support student learning

STUDIO Features Include:

-Watch videos that bring chapter concepts to life

-Study smarter with self-quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips

-Review concepts with flashcards of essential vocabulary

Instructor Resources

-Instructor’s Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom

-PowerPoint Slides for each chapter to help incorporate the text into the classroom
Demanslı Bireylerde Çevreye ve Tedaviye Uyum
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Ayla , ÇAKICI Merve , ATAKUL Esra , ÖZER KÜÇÜK Emine , ÇINAR Fatma İlknur
Published: January 2024

Demanslı bireyler bilişsel, davranışsal durum değişiklikleri ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yerine
getirmede uyum problemleri yaşayabilir. Kullanılan tedaviler hastalığın seyrini yavaşlatmaya ve ortaya
çıkan semptomları azaltmaya yöneliktir. Demansı olan bireylerin çevresine ve tedaviye olan uyumu
oldukça zor ve streslidir. Eğer uyum sağlanamazsa bireyler istenmeyen durumlarla sıklıkla
karşılaşabilir. Bu nedenle demanslı bireyin çevre düzenlemesinin yapılması ve tedaviye uyumlarının
sağlanması hemşirelerin öncelikle ele alması gereken sorunlardandır. Hemşireler bu hastalara yaşam
kalitesini arttırıcı ve öz bakımlarını destekleyici bakım vermelidirler. Hemşireler bir yandan hastanın
yönetimini sağlarken, öte yandan, aileye, demanslı bireyin uyumunu artırması gereken konularda bilgi
vermelidir. Bu makalede demanslı bireyin çevresine ve tedavisine uyumu artırmada neler
yapılabileceği konusu literatür doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır. Tartışma, demanslı bireyin çevresine
uyumu ve tedaviye uyumu şeklinde iki ana başlık altında ele alınmıştır. Çevreye uyum; uyumun önemi,
demans dostu çevre ve tasarlama prensipleri, demanslı bireyler için yapılması gereken fiziki çevre
düzenlemeleri, demanslı bireyin sosyal çevresine uyumu ve demanslı bireyin aile çevresine uyumu
konularında tartışılmıştır. Tedaviye uyum ise; demanslı bireyin tedaviye uyumu ve tedavide uyumu
artırmaya yönelik stratejilerin neler olduğu konusu tartışılmıştır.
Kadın Öz-Farkındalığının Maternal Sürece Etkisi: Niteliksel Bir Olgu Çalışması
Authors: DELİKTAŞ DEMİRCİ Ayşe , AHMEDOVA Pervin , KABUKCUOĞLU Kamile
Published: January 2024

Amaç: Kadın varoluşuna ilişkin farkındalığın maternal sürece etkisini ele almak ve incelemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmada olgu sunumu yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kadın varoluşuna ilişkin farkındalık
programlarını yapılandıran ve yürüten katılımcı ile doğum sonrası dönemde nitel görüşme yapılmıştır.
Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Kadın beden ve benliğine ilişkin farkındalık sahibi olmanın gebe beden ile uyum halinde
olmayı ve bebek ile iletişimde olmayı sağladığı ifade edilmiştir. Doğum sürecinde korkulardan
uzaklaşma ve beden üzerinde kontrol sahibi olarak pozitif doğum deneyimi ve doğum anında olmayı
sağladığı belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, emzirme döneminde kaygılarının az olması ile emzirmeden doyum alma
ve bebeğin gereksinimlerine yönelik pozitif hassasiyet gelişimini sağladığı ifade edilmiştir.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sonuç olarak kadın olarak kendi beden ve varoluşsal yapısına ilişkin farkındalığın
gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonrası sürece önemli katkılarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, gebelik
sürecinde gebelik, doğum ve sonrası sürece destek ve hazırlık programlarında kadın varoluşuna ilişkin
farkındalığın oluşturulması ve geliştirilmesini hedefleyen yaklaşımların kullanılması önerilebilir. Ayrıca,
kadın varoluşuna ilişkin farkındalık ve bunun anne sağlığı üzerine etkilerini gösteren kapsamlı
çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Atık Yönetimi Konusunda Bilgi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BAT TONKUŞ Merve , COŞKUN Mert , KALIN Zeliha
Published: January 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırma bir Vakıf Üniversitesinin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü’nde öğrenim
gören öğrencilerin Atık Yönetimi konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem:
Tanımlayıcı nitelikte olan bu araştırmanın örneklemini 134 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler literatür
ışığında hazırlanan anket formu kullanılarak, çevrimiçi toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 sürüm paket programı kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmada hemşirelik öğrencilerinin %62,7sinin atık yönetimi konusunda okulda/staj yerlerine
eğitim aldığı belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların %50,7’si atık yönetimi ile ilgili mevzuatlar konusunda ve
%71,6’sı atık torbaları ve renkleri konusunda bilgisi sahibi olduklarını bildirmiştir Öğrencilerin atık
yönetimi konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri orta üst düzeyde bulunmuştur.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin atık yönetimi konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin artırılması insan
sağlığı ve sağlık ekonomisi gibi konular için önemlidir. Hemşirelik öğrencilernin davranış, tutum ve bilgi
geliştirmek için, hemşirelik için hazırlanan müfredat programlarında bu konuların daha fazla bulunması ve
klinik uygulama çerçevesinde hastane iş birliği ile öğrenci hemşirelerin bu konudaki hizmet içi eğitim
programlarına katılımına teşvik edilmesi önerilir.
Dijital Oyun Destekli Web Temelli Emzirme Danışmanlığının Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışmanın Protokolü
Authors: BULUT Özlem Ülkü , GÖLBAŞI Zehra
Published: January 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, dijital oyun destekli web temelli emzirme danışmanlığının emzirme öz yeterliliği, emzirme
başarısı ve meme sorunlarına olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılacaktır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma randomize kontrollü ön test- son test paralel gruplu deneysel bir çalışma olup deney
grubuna 30, kontrol grubuna 30 kadın dahil edilecektir. Çalışmada Gebe Kadınların Bireysel ve Obstetrik
Özelliklerini Değerlendirme Formu, Emzirme Öz Yeterliliği Ölçeği Kısa Form (EÖYÖ), LATCH Emzirme
Değerlendirme Aracı, Emzirme Değerlendirme Ölçeği (IBFAT), Emzirme Davranışı ve Meme Sorunlarını
Değerlendirme Formu kullanılacaktır. Veriler SPSS programında analiz edilecektir.
Dijital Oyun Destekli Web Temelli Emzirme Danışmanlığı Programı’nda araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış
olan eğitim içeriği, oyunlaştırma tekniği ile tasarlanan oyun programına entegre edilecektir. Deney grubundaki
kadınlara gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönemde eğitim programı uygulanacaktır. Kontrol grubundaki kadınlar
ise hastanedeki standart emzirme eğitimini alacaklardır. Tüm katılımcılara doğum öncesi bir kez, doğum
sonrası iki kez olmak üzere toplam üç kez ölçüm araçları uygulanacaktır.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Planlanan bu çalışmada kadınlara emzirmeyi dijital ortamda eğlenceli bir yolla öğretmek
amaçlanmıştır. Dijital oyun destekli web temelli emzirme danışmanlığının emzirme öz yeterliliği, emzirme
başarısı ve meme sorunlarına olumlu etkisi olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Bariyatrik Cerrahide Reoperasyonlar
Authors: AYGİN Dilek , GÜL Aysel
Published: January 2024

Bu derleme makale, yeniden ameliyat gerektiren bariatrik cerrahi prosedürleri ve bu prosedürlerde
karşılaşılan sorunları tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Günümüzde obezite, bireyleri ve sağlık hizmetlerini
önemli ölçüde etkileyen ve hızla büyüyen bir krizdir. Obezite tedavisinde kullanılan birçok yöntem ve
uygulama vardır. Bariatrik cerrahi diğer yöntemlere göre başarılı sonuçları olan etkili bir tedavi
seçeneğidir. Ancak cerrahi başarısızlık ve postoperatif bazı komplikasyonlar reoperatif cerrahiyi zorunlu
kılmaktadır. Sanılanın aksine obezite cerrahisinde tekrar ameliyatlar oldukça fazladır. Reoperatif cerrahi
teknik olarak zor ve karmaşıktır. Bu nedenle hastalarda tekrar ameliyat gerektiren risk faktörlerinin
belirlenmesi çok önemlidir. Bu risk faktörleri hasta değişkenlerine, cerrahi özelliklere ve kurumsal
farklılıklara bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Tekrarlayan obezite ameliyatlarının olası olumsuz uzun dönem
sonuçları nedeniyle, ameliyat olacak hastaların kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi çok önemlidir.
Ayrıca hastaların bariatrik cerrahi prosedürlerin seçiminde cerrahiye ilişkin olası riskler ve
komplikasyonlar yönünden bilgilendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu noktada cerrahi hemşiresi tarafından
yapılan kapsamlı bakım, olası komplikasyonların önlenmesinde etkilidir. Bu nedenle bariatrik cerrahi
öncesi ve sonrası bakımın sağlanmasında hemşirelerin rolü çok önemlidir.
Ulusal Medikal Kurtarma Ekibi Birimi Personellerinin Afetlere Hazırlık Algılarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: AYVAZOĞLU Gülşah , GÜMÜŞ ŞEKERCİ Yasemin , ÇEKİÇ Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma ulusal medikal kurtarma ekibi personellerinin afetlere hazırlık algılarını belirlemek ve ilgili
değişkenlerle ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel türde yapılan bu çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin güneyinde yer alan bir şehirde
bulunan Sağlık Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı ulusal medikal kurtarma ekibi personelleri oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında
sosyodemografik ve mesleki özelliklerin yer aldığı kişisel bilgi formu ile Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetlerinde
Çalışan Personelin Afetlere Hazırlık Algısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t testi, ANOVA
kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların neredeyse tamamı temel yaşam desteği, ileri yaşam desteği, ilkyardım, kimyasal biyolojik
radyolojik nükleer tehdit, arama-kurtarma, yangın, temel afet bilinci ve simülasyon eğitimleri almışlardır. Çalışmada
ulusal medikal kurtarma ekibi personellerinin afete hazırlık algıları orta düzeyin üstünde bulunmuştur. Afete yönelik
eğitim alan personelinin afete hazırlığa daha fazla önem verdiği ve müdahale becerilerinin daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Katılımcıların afete hazırlık algılarının belirlenmesinde afete yönelik aldıkları eğitimin etkili
olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna dayanarak afet hazırlık davranışlarında eğitim yoluyla
değişiklikler yapılarak toplumda bir afet kültürünün oluşturması ve yaygınlaştırılması önerilebilir.
Der Druck auf die Marke steigt
Authors: Hofmann Janine
Published: January 2024

Mit ihren aufgewerteten Eigenmarken gewinnen die Händler in der Inflation Marktanteile zulasten der Herstellermarken. Diese Entwicklung wird sich Handelsmanagern zufolge 2024 fortsetzen.
„Händler brauchen internationale Allianzen“
Authors: Schulz Hans-Jürgen
Published: January 2024

Die Konflikte zwischen Handel und Industrie verschärfen sich. Nach dem Ende der Corona-Pandemie erleben beide Seiten eine neue Zeitrechnung. Rohstoffe sind dauerhaft teurer, Energiekosten steigen und Verbraucher orientieren sich neu. Im Ringen um bessere Konditionen sieht Christel Delberghe, Generaldirektorin bei Eurocommerce in Brüssel, die Händler trotz neuer Einkaufsbündnisse keineswegs im Vorteil.
Baumärkte rechnen mit Flaute
Authors: Hofmann Janine
Published: January 2024

Der Ausblick der DIY-Händler auf 2024 ist von wirtschaftlichem Druck und wenig Hoffnung auf Umsatzwachstum geprägt.
Handel fordert Kurskorrektur von Politik
Authors: Müller Annette
Published: January 2024

Scharf gehen Handelsmanager mit der Politik ins Gericht und pochen auf einen Abbau der Bürokratie. Immer mehr Vorgaben belasten das Tagesgeschäft.
„Und Mutti sagt: Hab Spaß“
Authors: Nissen Madeleine
Published: January 2024

Was weiß eine fast 60-Jährige von der Generation Z? Viel, wenn sie Antje-Britta Mörstedt heißt. Die Professorin der Privaten Hochschule Göttingen hat 8500 junge Menschen befragt. Nachdem sie beim 65. Goldenen Zuckerhut mit ihrem Vortrag begeisterte, kommt die Mutter von drei Kindern auch hier zu Wort und erklärt, wie Unternehmen mit Digital Natives zusammenkommen können.
Interdisciplinary Nexus of Lean Thinking and Strategy: An Exploration in to Psychological Resilience, Cultural Adaptability, and Economic Sustainability
Authors: Boateng Peter Agyekum , Boateng Comfort Agyekum
Published: January 2024

This research article delves into Lean Thinking and Strategy and incorporates their effects on psychological resilience, cultural adaptability and economic sustainability. This paper offers a current perspective on combining Strategic Management with Lean Thinking through an up-to-date review of literature. It traces the path from Toyota’s production system to development of Lean Thinking across various industries with emphasis on waste reduction and continuous improvement. This interplay between Lean Thinking and Strategy is evidenced by the findings which suggest combining them can lead to efficient, customer-centered, agile organizational practices. The study examines how combining Lean Thinking and Strategy can enhance psychological resilience, promote cultural adaptability, as well as ensure economic sustainability. This article’s theoretical discussions indicate that there is a positive relationship between these concepts. It is therefore essential to verify this empirically. The study ends with some recommendations for implementation and integration, along with future empirical research to look into similar integration within other organizational contexts.
Evaluation of right ventricle functions in acute pulmonary thromboembolism using tissue doppler imaging
Authors: Yılmaz Yücel , Sirkeci Mehmet Tarık , Keleşoğlu Şaban , Oğuzhan Abdurrahman
Published: January 2024

Aims: Right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic functions are impaired in a significant proportion of patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). In these cases, knowledge of RV function is of great importance both in the diagnosis and in the choice of treatment. Our aim was to evaluate RV systolic and diastolic functions by standard pulse Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in normotensive patients with PTE without hemodynamic disturbances.
Methods: A total of 48 subjects, including 28 acute PTE patients (14 M, 14 F) with a mean age of 41 ± 13 years and 20 healthy subjects (10 M, 10 F) with a mean age of 40 ± 9 years, were included in our study. At the level of the tricuspid and mitral valve cusps, pulse Doppler echocardiography evaluated diastolic filling parameters. With the TDI technique, the diastolic function of the RV lateral wall and septum were analyzed in segments in the apical four-cavity image. Diastolic early and late velocities (e', a'), e'/a' ratio, e'dt, isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), systolic velocity (s'), and systolic duration (s' duration) were evaluated by TDI.
Results: Among the RV standard Doppler parameters, a significant decrease in E velocity and E/A ratio and a significant increase in A velocity were observed compared to the control group (p=0.042; p=0.002; p=0.001, respectively). A non-significant prolongation in E’dt was detected. RV ejection fraction was significantly lower in PTE patients compared to the control group (51.1% vs. 69.7%) (p=0.001). TDI was used to look at the RV systolic function, and it was found that all segments had higher systolic (Sa-m) velocities than the control group. However, systolic velocities in patients with DHB in the RV were found to be lower in the annular regions and RV-free wall. Increased s' velocities were observed in annular regions and RV-free walls. However, no statistical significance was found in s' velocity values.
Conclusion: RV systolic and diastolic functions may be impaired in normotensive patients with PTE without hemodynamic disturbances.
Evaluation of the risk of sudden cardiac death in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio
Authors: Dişyapar Mustafa Kaan , Keleşoğlu Şaban , Yetkin Nur Aleyna , Özdemir Fatma , Yılmaz Yücel
Published: January 2024

Aims: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. OSAS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tpeak to Trend (Tp-e) interval, the Tp-e interval/QT interval (Tp-e/QT) ratio, and the Tp-e interval/corrected QT interval (Tp-e/QTc) ratio, are associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in various disease groups. we aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in the new arrhythmia markers Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios in OSAS patients.
Methods: The study looked at 45 people with OSAS (32 men) over the age of 18 and 43 healthy people (27 men) who were diagnosed with OSAS through polysomnography in a sleep lab. Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were calculated on the ECG.
Results: The QT interval was shorter in the patient group than in the control group, in contrast to the QTc interval, which was comparable between groups (p = 0.006 and 0.810 in the patient and control groups, respectively). The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio were significantly higher in PHPT patients included in the patient group compared to those included in the control group (p<0.01 in total).
Conclusion: The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios were prolonged in OSAS patients. These findings suggest that OSAS patients may be predisposed to severe ventricular arrhythmias.
New electrocardiographic parameters and risk of atrial arrhythmias in INOCA patients
Authors: Keleşoğlu Şaban , Yılmaz Yücel
Published: January 2024

Aims: Ischemia with no obstructive arteries (INOCA) is a clinical condition in which symptoms and signs of coronary artery disease are present, but coronary angiography does not show severe vessel narrowing. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in cardiology practice, with an increasing prevalence with age and concomitant heart disease. P-wave dispersion (PWD) is an electrocardiographic (ECG) parameter defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum P-wave duration. There is an increasing number of studies showing an association between PWD and cardiovascular events. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of AF in INOCA patients by detecting PWD, a new ECG parameter.
Methods: The study included 51 INOCA patients and 36 healthy subjects as a control group. The groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, echocardiography, and ECG findings. The difference between the longest P wave (Pmax) and the shortest P wave (Pmin) was considered as PWD (PWD=Pmax-Pmin).
Results: When the patient group was compared with the control group, no difference was detected in terms of demographic characteristics or laboratory findings. When compared with the control group, Pmax duration and Pd values were significantly longer in the patient group compared to the control group (Pmax durations 112.7±7.09 ms and 98.1±5.5 ms, respectively, p<0.001; Pd durations 43.0±9.4 ms and 31.4±12.4 ms, respectively, p<0.001). On the other hand, Pmin durations did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: We observed that PWD was higher in INOCA patients compared to controls, and our results suggest that INOCA patients are at risk for AF.
Can a new cooling method be used in dental implant drilling? An in vitro pilot study
Authors: Barış Kubilay , Karşıyaka Hendek Meltem , Olgun Ebru
Published: January 2024

Aims: The aim of this in vitro pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the CryoKB cooling method in increasing the heat-induced temperature during implant drilling in bovine femur bone and to determine its potential usefulness for future in vivo studies.
Methods: The study included four groups defined as follows: the G1 group, in which stainless steel materials were cooled using the CryoKB method (n = 13); the G2 group, in which bone was cooled using the CryoKB method (n=13); the K1 group, in which stainless steel materials were cooled using an external irrigation solution (n=13); and the K2 group, in which bone was cooled using an external irrigation solution (n=13). The temperature was measured by creating a 5-mm-deep socket in the bone. The measurements were made every 5 minutes from 0 minutes to 1 hour, using a thermometer device with a type K probe.
Results: The temperature changes in 52 samples were evaluated. Statistically significant differences in temperature change were found between the G1 and G2 groups. Statistically significant differences in temperature were found between the G2 and K1 groups and between the G2 and K2 groups.
Conclusion: The newly developed cooling method provided more effective and long-lasting cooling than the traditional irrigation method.
An overview to biocompatibility of resin based restorative materials
Authors: Avcılar İbrahim Halil , Bakır Şeyhmus , Bakır Elif Pınar
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, resin based materials find a wide range of use in dentistry due to their aesthetic properties, mechanical durability and cost advantages. Dentistry materials; They can have an effect because they are in direct contact with various tissues such as gums, tongue, lips and cheeks, in addition to periodontium, pulp, dentin and enamel. It is important that resin materials produced with new technologies to be used in restorative dentistry not only have mechanical, physical, functional and aesthetic properties, but also be carefully evaluated in terms of biological compatibility. The purpose of this review is to review the basic concepts and methods related to biocompatibility, to present data from studies on the cytotoxicity of resin-based materials, and finally to make recommendations for clinical applications.
The importance of treating dental caries in the prevention of medication related osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Salık Mehmet , Bakır Elif Pınar
Published: January 2024

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw [MRONJ] is a rare but serious side effect caused by medications such as bisphosphonate and denosumab, which are used as antiresorptive medications in malignancies related to bone metastases and bone metabolism diseases. Since the major predisposing factor of this side effect may be tooth extraction, our aim in this review is to show that preventing the emergence of pathology in dental hard tissues and treating it when it occurs with a preventive and therapeutic strategy, providing adequate oral hygiene, and motivating the patient for its continuity could reduce the risk of the occurrence of MRONJ by reducing the need for oral surgery in terms of restorative dental treatment.
Management of initial and surgical management of amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement with multifactorial etiology: a case report with 6 months follow-up
Authors: Akdeniz Canan , Güler Doğru Arzum
Published: January 2024

Drug-induced gingival enlargement can be seen as a side effect of systemically used drugs such as calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants. One of these drugs is amlodipine, a dihydropyridine derivative calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure and coronary artery disease. Amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth is rarely seen compared to other calcium channel blockers. The aim of this case is to present the diagnosis of gingival overgrowth due to amlodipine use and the identification of other etiologic factors such as labial frenulum, phase 1 initial, and phase 2 surgical treatment approaches. A 56-year-old female patient presented to our clinic with severe gingival overgrowth, intense bleeding, difficulty feeding, and pain. The anamnesis revealed that she had hypertension and had been taking amlodipine derivative Norvasc 10 mg once a day for 8 years. A look inside the mouth showed that there was a lot of gum tissue growing over the crowns from the labial and palatal sides, mainly in the front of the maxilla. Phase 1 treatment was initiated. As a result of the consultation with the patient's cardiologist, the hypertension medication Norvasc 10 mg was replaced with Candexil 16 mg by the medical physician. The preoperative tension and blanch test was positive, and the labial frenulum was seen to mobilize the free gingival margin of the central teeth. After the same session of gingivoplasty, the labial frenulum was removed by a frenectomy operation. After the operation, antibiotics, analgesics, and mouthwash were prescribed. The patient stated that he did not have any problems after the operation. 6-month follow-up showed uneventful healing. No recurrence of gingival growth was found in the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month follow-ups. In conclusion, this case report shows that non-surgical periodontal treatment alone isn't always enough to treat drug-induced gingival overgrowths. The gingival shape should be changed so that the patient can properly clean their teeth, and drug-induced gingival overgrowths, like the one in this case, may have more than one cause and may need additional surgery like a labial frenectomy.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM DI CĂN HẠCH NÁCH TRONG UNG THƯ BIỂU MÔ TUYẾN VÚ THỂ TIỂU THUỲ XÂM NHẬP
Authors: Ngô Thúy Hòa , Lê Thị Uyên , Tạ Hồng Hải Đăng
Published: January 2024

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tỉ lệ di căn hạch và mối liên quan giữa tình trạng di căn hạch và một số yếu tố nguy cơ trong ung thư biểu mô (UTBM) tuyến vú thể tiểu thùy xâm nhập. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 98 bệnh nhân UTBM tuyến vú thể tiểu thùy vú xâm nhập tại Khoa Giải phẫu bệnh - Tế bào, Bệnh viện K từ tháng 01/2019 đến tháng 4/2023. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỉ lệ di căn hạch là 48,0%. Các yếu tố liên quan đến sự tăng nguy cơ di căn hạch là kích thước khối u lớn, độ mô học cao, xâm nhập mạch, ER dương tính, và một số phân típ phân tử (bộ ba âm tính, lòng ống B có Her-2 dương tính và típ phân tử Her-2 dương tính) (p < 0,05). Kết quả của nghiên cứu này hy vọng sẽ hỗ trợ lựa chọn bệnh nhân cho nạo vét hạch nách và cải thiện việc chất lượng cuộc sống cho người bệnh.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ BÀNG QUANG NÔNG ĐƯỢC ĐIỀU TRỊ BỔ TRỢ BẰNG EPIRUBICIN NỘI BÀNG QUANG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN K
Authors: Nguyễn Quỳnh Hương , Đỗ Anh Tú , Trịnh Lê Huy
Published: January 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân ung thư bàng quang nông điều trị bổ trợ bằng Epirubicin nội bàng quang tại bệnh viện K. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu trên 133 bệnh nhân UTBQN mới chẩn đoán đã được phẫu thuật nội soi cắt u bàng quang triệt căn, được xác định bằng giải phẫu bệnh lý sau mổ là ung thư biểu mô đường niệu, được điều trị bổ trợ bằng Epirubicin nội bàng quang tại Bệnh viện K thời gian từ tháng 01/2016 đến tháng 06/2023. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình chung của nhóm đối tượng nghiên cứu là 58,53±12,18; phần lớn đối tượng là nam giới (113/133) chiếm 85,0%; nữ giới chiếm 15,0%. Triệu chứng tiểu máu gặp nhiều nhất 72,9%, 21% đau bụng hạ vị, 18% tiểu buốt; 11,3% không có triệu chứng. Thời gian từ khi có triệu chứng đầu tiên đến khi khám trung bình là 2,08 tháng. Bệnh nhân có một u chiếm chủ yếu 78,2%. 14,3% bệnh nhân có kích thước u trên 3cm. Vị trí u hay gặp nhất là thành phải bàng quang 51,9% , ít gặp nhất là lỗ niệu quản phải 1,5%. Phần lớn đối tượng có độ mô học thấp 60,2%. Chủ yếu ở giai đoạn Ta (69,2%); 29,3% T1, 1,5% Tis.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM MÔ BỆNH HỌC U NGUYÊN BÀO VÕNG MẠC TẠI BỆNH VIỆN MẮT TRUNG ƯƠNG NĂM 2022
Authors: Bùi Ngọc Dung , Hoàng Anh Tuấn , Phạm Thị Minh Châu
Published: January 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm mô bệnh học u nguyên bào võng mạc (UNBVM) tại Bệnh viện Mắt Trung ương năm 2022. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, hồi cứu trên 38 hồ sơ bệnh án và các tiêu bản giải phẫu bệnh của bệnh nhân bị UNBVM điều trị tại BV Mắt Trung ương từ tháng 1 đến hết tháng 12 năm 2022. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 38 mắt của 38 bệnh nhân, gồm 19 nam và 19 nữ. Tuổi trung bình là 3,11 ± 2,56 tuổi. Có 26 bệnh nhân bị bệnh thể một mắt (68,4%) và 12 bệnh nhân bị bệnh thể hai mắt (31,6%). Tỷ lệ u xâm nhập bán phần trước, hắc mạc, củng mạc và thị thần kinh lần lượt là 10,5%, 21%, 5,3% và 63,2%. Có 22 mắt (57,9%) không có sự hiện diện của yếu tố mô bệnh học nguy cơ cao và 16 mắt (42,1%) có yếu tố mô bệnh học nguy cơ cao. Các yếu tố mô bệnh học nguy cơ cao được ghi nhận là: xâm nhập bán phần trước (10,5%), xâm nhập hắc mạc thành đám (18,4%), xâm nhập củng mạc (5,3%), xâm nhập thị thần kinh sau lá sàng (26,3%). Điều trị hóa chất trước phẫu thuật không có mối liên quan với tình trạng xâm nhập u (p>0,05), tuy nhiên lại làm giảm tỷ lệ xuất hiện các yếu tố mô bệnh học nguy cơ cao so với các mắt không được điều trị (p=0,025). Kết luận: UNBVM thường xâm nhập vào thị thần kinh nhưng ít xâm nhập vào bán phần trước, hắc mạc và củng mạc. Điều trị hóa chất trước phẫu thuật làm giảm tỷ lệ xuất hiện các yếu tố mô bệnh học nguy cơ cao so với các mắt không được điều trị.