bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing water usage efficiency in agriculture through smart systems: a review
Authors: Priyambada I B , Budihardjo M A , Wati H R , A’yun H K Q
Published: December 2024

As the scarcity of clean water becomes more pronounced, significant challenges emerge in efforts to uphold food security and achieve sustainable progress, particularly on a global scale. Agriculture stands out as one of the primary sectors significantly contributing to water consumption. Thus, enhancing water usage efficiency within irrigated agricultural systems holds paramount importance to ensure the continued development of agricultural sustainability. One promising avenue lies in the advancement of intelligent irrigation systems, particularly leveraging wireless communications technology, monitoring systems, and advanced control strategies to optimize irrigation scheduling. This study adopts a qualitative methodology, grounded in a thorough examination of literature adhering to specific criteria, including publications in indexed journals, articles, or research papers published in the past ten years. It introduces diverse irrigation control and observation methodologies employed in recent times. An intriguing proposition emerges regarding the integration of soil, temperature, and humidity monitoring systems with predictive control models, potentially augmenting water usage efficiency. Through this review, researchers will be able to monitor and create control prospects related to irrigation agriculture as well as identify directions and gaps for future research activities in this field.
Enhancing environmental behavior among university students: the mediating roles of environmental and intelligence
Authors: Pitaloka LK , Kardoyo  , Aeni IN
Published: December 2024

The environment has become a crucial issue in addressing the climate crisis, with universities plaing a key role by positioning students as agents of change. However, the success of university environmental programs is often limited by a lack of student engagement. This study explores the relationship between environmental knowledge and behavior, mediated by environmental attitudes and environmental intelligence. Using an exploratory quantitative approach and the Theory of Planned Behavior, 385 students from the top five universities in Central Java were surveyed. The results show that environmental attitudes significantly mediate the relationship between knowledge and behavior, with a mediationeffect size of 0.45 (p < 0.01). Additionally, environmental intelligence mediates the relationship between knowledge and attitudes (0.35, p < 0.01). These findings underscore the role of attitudes and intelligence in shaping students’ environmental behavior, highlighting the need for holistic and sustainable environmental education programs in universities to foster positive environmental actions.
Overview of lake gastropoda diversity in indonesia
Authors: Hasyim Ahmad , Fahruddin  , Tambaru Rahmadi , Demmalino Eymal B. , Yusal Muh. Sri
Published: December 2024

Gastropod diversity is an ecological parameter that can determine the condition of lakes in Indonesia. The diversity of gastropods is largely based on the biotic and abiotic environments, as well as how well they tolerate each environmental element. The aim of literature review is to provide an overview of the types of lake gastropods, the diversity of lake gastropods and the condition of Indonesian lakes. Based on the results of a literature search, was found gastropods types in lakes in Indonesia are: 6 types in Lake Poso; Singkarak 4 types; Sipogas 6 types; Rawa Pening 5 types; Sentani 5 Types; Lake Above 9 types and Situgintung 5 types. Diversity of Lake Types, namely Poso Lake 1,5394; Singkarak 399.75 ind/m3; Sipogas 0.1 − 1.21; Rawa Pening 127−4619 ind/m3; Lake Above 1.07; Situgintung 2.13. The lakes in Indonesia condition based on ecological parameters is generally moderately polluted. The results of literature searches on lakes in Indonesia condition based on ecological parameters, namely gastropod diversity, show in general lakes in Indonesia have experienced pollution so preventive efforts are needed involving various stakeholders to normalize lake conditions so that they can become healthy habitats for various aquatic organisms.
The effectiveness of ozonation treatment in reducing ph, turbidity, bod, cod, and toc in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater
Authors: Hardyanti N , Zaman B , Pramesti I A , William G S , Purwono P
Published: December 2024

The pharmaceutical industry’s fabrication of pharmaceutical products releases byproducts that have the potential to negatively impact the environment. Indicators of contaminants include characteristics such as COD, BOD, TOC, pH, and turbidity that are within acceptable standards of excellence. The objective of this study was to look at fluctuations in the concentrations of pharmaceutical wastewater substances parameters before and following treatment with the ozonation method, as well as to assess the ozonation procedure’s performance on pharmaceutical wastewater contaminants parameters. The ozonation methods, which altered the O3 retention period, served as the independent variable in this study. The dependent variables applied were pH optimalization, and the removal efficiency of turbidity, BOD, COD, and TOC. Controlling variables involve the starting pollutant concentration, pressure and temperature levels, and equipment conditions. To determine the ideal time variation for the ozonation process, many variations will be evaluated. However, several parameters (e.g. pH, BOD, and TOC) were not reducing with the designed time variations. Nevertheless, this approach was effective in reducing turbidity levels by 48.5% and COD levels by 55.4% over 15 minutes.
Production of liquid smoke using auto thermal slow pyrolysis method and its application for plant pesticide
Authors: Ismi N , Mahdianti S , Andriansyah  , Wardana F , Azhar A , Nugraheni I F , Wahyuni S
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the production of liquid smoke using autothermal slow pyrolysis, utilizing organic waste materials such as leaves, wood, and coconut shells as feedstock. Autothermal slow pyrolysis offers a sustainable method to convert biomass into liquid smoke, utilizing heat generated within the pyrolysis process. The produced liquid smoke was rigorously tested in laboratory settings to assess its chemical composition and conformity with SNI 8985:2021 standards. Results indicate that the liquid smoke meets the specifications outlined in the standard, confirming its quality and safety for application as a plant pesticide. Furthermore, efficacy tests demonstrated significant insecticidal, positioning the liquid smoke as a viable biopesticide alternative. The environmental impact of this innovation program includes a reduction of non-hazardous waste, specifically organic waste, by 0,531 tons per year. Additionally, the program provides cost savings within the company by reducing waste disposal expenses and by replacing chemical liquid smoke with the organic waste-derived liquid smoke, resulting in savings of Rp 9,108,000 in 2024. This research underscores the dual benefits of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency through the utilization of liquid smoke derived from organic waste via autothermal slow pyrolysis, promoting eco-friendly pest management solutions while reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides.
Optimization Of Lifetime LTS Catalyst Ammonia Plant PT. Pupuk Iskandar Muda
Authors: Duana C M , Primadona H , Agustria  , Ghufran A , Zainuddin  , Shara S , Hijrin M
Published: December 2024

PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, a company operating in the fertilizer sector, produces waste in its production process, so a waste reduction program is needed. The Low-Temperature Shift Converter (LTS) catalyst used in the fertilizer production process at the Ammonia Factory produces catalyst waste classified as hazardous and toxic. Each LTS catalyst has a lifespan of four years before requiring replacement with a new catalyst. Regular replacement of LTS catalysts leads to a substantial hazardous waste generation of 22.25 tons per year, necessitating special handling to prevent environmental pollution. An innovation was carried out using the method of changing the Standard Operating Procedure by changing the operating conditions, which involved adjusting the operating temperature of the LTS catalyst from 195 to 210°C to regulate the flow of boiler feed water supplied to the Heat Exchanger. This innovation aims to reduce the waste of hazardous and toxic materials and the cost of procuring the catalyst. This initiative succeeded in extending the life of the LTS catalyst to nine years (2012-2021). As a result, there was a significant reduction in catalyst waste generation during 2012-2021, namely 12.32 tons per year, accompanied by annual cost savings of IDR 1,531,200,000.
The problems of environmental quality in Indonesia: Do education levels matter?
Authors: Setyadharma A , Krisnawati D N , Prasetyo P E , Wahyuningrum I F S
Published: December 2024

Environmental degradation has emerged as a significant global concern in both emerging and industrialized nations. Immense body of economic literature have verified the probable factors that may become the reasons for environmental degradation and some studies have shown that education is a crucial aspect in restoring the environmental quality. This study aims to understand the impact of different levels of education on environmental quality in Indonesia by Utilizing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) regression method for the time frame spanning from 1996 to 2021. The current research employs load capacity factor as a replacement indicator for environmental quality. This study concludes that higher population with basic education level will reduce the environmental quality, while higher population with intermediate education increase the environmental quality. Finally, this study also finds that higher population with advanced education level will harm the environmental quality. Based on the results, it is important for the Government to create compulsory environmental-friendly curricula in all levels of education that supports the reduction of environmental problems in Indonesia.
Assessing carbon footprint from cattle in insemination farming, Malang Indonesia
Authors: Joyo D.M.R.I.B. , Dhokhikah Y , Rohman A
Published: December 2024

Ruminants such as cattle and goats are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Methane is produced through enteric fermentation in ruminants and their manure management practices, while nitrous oxide emissions stem from the utilization of animal manure. At the Singosari Artificial Insemination Centre (BBIB), there are around 180 male cattle and 140 goats, this study was conducted to assess methane and nitrous oxide emissions from these animals and arrange the strategies for emission reduction. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology was implemented to calculate emissions, whereas the methane levels was determined by using local factors (Tier-2) and nitrous oxide levels using default for Asian countries. TOPSIS analysis was chosen to identify the key strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, considering technical, cost, and environmental criteria. Three strategies for carbon emission reduction are community-based livestock biogas initiatives (BATAMAS), organic fertilizer processing units (UPPO), improved manure storage systems, and the provision of high-quality animal feed. Findings revealed methane emissions of 286.10 tonnes CO2-eq/year or 1.59 tonnes Co2-eq/head/year, mainly from enteric fermentation, and nitrous oxide emissions totaling 2.75 tonnes CO2-eq/year or 0.015 tonnes CO2-eq/head/year from direct livestock manure management.
Environmental impact assessment of manufacturing seawater desalination technology using life cycle assessment
Authors: Putri V Z E , Wahyono Y , Ariyanto N , Ridlo R , Suryaningtyas A D , Hakim M R F , Anisah  , Lestari M C , Sundari  , Prihatin A L , Kumalasari I , Panggabean L P , Novianti E D
Published: December 2024

The seawater desalination technology, named WEFO (Water with Electrolysis, Filtration, and Ozonation), holds significant potential for addressing clean water scarcity in coastal areas. This study employs Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of producing the WEFO device. The LCA results indicate notable environmental impacts, mostly attributable to using stainless steel and aluminum alloy. Stainless steel contributes 72.81% to abiotic depletion, 85.54% to acidification, 47.64% to eutrophication, 79.87% to freshwater ecotoxicity, 81.05% to terrestrial ecotoxicity, and 81.40% to photochemical oxidation. Meanwhile, aluminum alloy is responsible for 57.48% of global warming and 64.10% of ozone layer depletion. The manufacturing process of these materials emits pollutants that damage air and water quality and contributes to climate change and ecosystem disturbance. To mitigate these impacts, it is advisable to decrease the utilization of materials with significant environmental consequences in components such as wheel plates, faucets, and frames, replacing them with more environmentally friendly alternatives. Implementing these alternatives is expected to make WEFO technology more sustainable and provide an environmentally friendly solution to clean water scarcity in coastal areas while preserving human and ecosystem health.
Rice husk as renewable energy: Potential in pabelan and bringin district, semarang regency
Authors: Lantasi A I D , Syafrudin  , Budiyono  , Fajriati A R , Katifa A A , Fadlurrohman M I , Santosa M F R
Published: December 2024

Energy consumption in Indonesia has increased by 7-8% per year in line with population and economic growth in last 10 years. Based on Indonesian Government Ordinance no. 79/2014 regarding the National Energy Policy, by 2025 it’s required to use renewable energy at least 23% and 31% from total energy mixture by 2050. Besides its’ limited availability, fossil fuel consumption leads to greenhouse gas release which contributing to global warming. Indonesia has abundant renewable energy sources such as biomass. Based on data from Central Statistics Agency of Semarang Regency, in 2023 Semarang Regency has 40.428,3 ha of rice field area that produces 246.942,2 tons of rice. Pabelan District has agricultural land of 4.950,1 ha with 29.451,5 tons of rice production. While Bringin District has 3.986,9 ha of agricultural land with 23.554 tons of rice production. Rice husk as one of rice agricultural byproduct that have not been optimally utilized. The current underutilization of this resource, with only around 20% being used for practical purposes, presents a significant opportunity for tapping into its potential as a renewable energy source. This paper will elaborate rice husk potential for biogas production in Pabelan and Bringin District, Semarang Regency and it’s benefits from environmental perspectives.
Energy consumption level modeling in urban residential buildings based on Sefaira
Authors: Mannan K A , Uddin N , Handoko P , Saldi Z S
Published: December 2024

The building sector is a significant global energy consumer, requiring strategic efforts for efficiency improvements. This research focuses on residential homes in satellite cities around Jakarta, where many developer-built houses offer potential for energy-efficient design. Modeling energy consumption helps identify opportunities for implementing energy-saving measures when standards are exceeded. This research takes a case study of three house built by a private developer in the South Tangerang area. The research was conducted using simulation and experimental methods using the Sefaira application from Trimble SketchUp. The location, geometric data, materials, and building form were analyzed to obtain an accurate model of energy consumption levels. All three types of houses fall into the very efficient category based on SNI standards, ranging from 4.17 kWh/m2/month to 9.13 kWh/m2/month. However, compared to the EUI standard in the Sefaira application based on “The 2030 Challenge”, the EUI values for each building still exceed the expected standard of 25 kWh/m2/year.
Physical properties of Dipterocarpus sp. sawdust pellet enhanced by starch and carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Pusparizkita Yustina M , Fardillah Vivi A , Harimawan Ardiyan , Aslan Christian , Junaidi
Published: December 2024

Wood pellets are gaining a lot of attention as a sustainable fuel alternative due to the growing need for renewable energy sources. Understanding the physical properties of wood pellets is crucial for optimizing their production and performance. In this study, the mechanical durability of Dipterocarpus sp. sawdust pellets was enhanced with the application of starch and carboxymethylcellulose. The internal structure of the pellet, including the distribution of pores, the integrity of the pellet matrix, and the existence of imperfections, can be recognised by high-resolution, in-depth examinations of the surface morphology of the pellet provided by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging. The results indicate that different binders and their concentrations have different morphological structures of pellets. Nonetheless, there is a tendency for the five pellet types to have similar densities. Of the five variations tested, the 100% starch binding material could produce pellets with the best physical properties.
Evaluation of Community-Based Clean Water Distribution Movement in An Urban Village
Authors: Nugraha W D , Azalia A N , Napitupulu D W , Putra D W , Syafna N F D , Nabilah R S , Nurazizatutsaniah S
Published: December 2024

This research was conducted to provide an evaluation study of the PAMSIMAS program that focuses on evaluating community participation in the community-based clean water supply movement in RW 03 Banyumanik Urban Village, Banyumanik Sub-district, Semarang City. This study aims to analyze the forms of community participation in supporting the PAMSIMAS program and to determine the factors that influence community participation in the implementation of the PAMSIMAS program. The results show that the community has played an active role in the PAMSIMAS program through the formation of organizational management and the construction of PAMSIMAS facilities. However, while managing the organization, some shortcomings still affect customer trust. To overcome these problems, the management of the PAMSIMAS SPAM TIRTO REJO Banyumanik organization needs to improve services to customers through good and effective communication so that it can support the running of the PAMSIMAS program.
Contribution of gastronomy tourists to the ecological footprint in Salatiga
Authors: Damayanti M , Tyas W P , Esariti L , Surahman I A
Published: December 2024

Tourism activities that focus on the exploration of (local) food, known as gastronomy tourism, are increasingly popular. Salatiga is designated as a gastronomic city in Indonesia. The rapid growth of tourism has impacted the environment, making it important to evaluate the ecological footprint of tourism. The objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze the resource consumption per tourist in terms of carbon footprint generated from gastronomy tourism and 2) to study the contribution of ecological footprint of gastronomy tourists in Salatiga. The resulting carbon footprint was calculated through carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated from transportation, food and waste generation, and accommodation, as a guide to calculate the ecological footprint of gastronomy tourism in Salatiga. Using random sampling, a constructed questionnaire was collected from 139 tourists in Salatiga. The results showed that the carbon footprint of gastronomy tourism activities contributed up to 6 million kgCO2e per year, equivalent to 1,256.3 gha. The footprint is still appropriate, but could pose a threat to ecological sustainability. These findings provide important insights for policy makers and tourism industry players in formulating more sustainable strategies to manage gastronomy tourism in Salatiga.
Electrosynthesis of amide: A green pathway for future pharmaceuticals
Authors: Mahardika R G , Danova A , Hermawati E , Alni A
Published: December 2024

Amide bonds are prevalent in peptides, synthetic polymers, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals. These bonds play a critical role in medicinal chemistry due to their stability, ability to interact with biological targets, and flexibility in designing bioactive compounds. Many methods have been devised to date for the synthesis of amides, however the majority of them rely on coupling agents and an excess of bases to neutralize the acid produced during the reaction. These techniques have low atom economy and generate a lot of waste, making them unfriendly to the environment. Greener chemical methods have been developed as a result of the growing worldwide awareness of environmental issues and the drive towards sustainability. In this context, new approaches are being developed based on the concepts of green and sustainable chemistry, particularly through emerging research utilizing organic electrosynthesis. This review aims to demonstrate the application of sustainable amide electrosynthesis as a green chemistry pathway for the development of future pharmaceuticals.
The toughness of polymer reinforced pineapple-leaf fibers for the electric car body application
Authors: Wijianti E S , Ariksa J , Saparin  , Yandi W , Huda S , Adib A Z , Setiawan Y
Published: December 2024

Pineapple-leaf fiber (PALF) belongs to the plant-based fiber group that has been highly abundant recently. However, PALF was no longer used and thrown away as agricultural waste. In fact, PALF can be used as alternative reinforcement for composite materials due to its properties. Composite materials have been used in the aircraft, automotive and household furniture industries. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact properties of epoxy resin matrix reinforced with glass fiber and PALF. The ASTM D256-23 standard was carried out when performing the impact test. The result showed that the composite material consists of PALF had higher impact strength compared to the composite reinforced by glass fiber. The compatibilities of fiber and matrix became main factor that affect significantly the value. This was confirmed by the porosities test results. Therefore, PALF was proven its reliability to substitute the synthetic one such as glass fiber to strengthening the composite materials for electric vehicle body application.
Formulation of essential oil and hydrosol from Baeckea frutescens L as bioinsecticides
Authors: Roanisca O , Mahardika R G , Anggrainy A P , Inonu I
Published: December 2024

The world population is increasing, which has implications for increasing food needs. Food crop cultivation faces problems, namely pest attacks. Pest attacks will cause a decrease in agricultural productivity. The use of synthetic insecticides has a negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is important for further research to produce safer and more effective insecticides from natural ingredients. Based on a literature review, the essential oil content of Baeckea frutescens L has the potential to be a bioinsecticide. Therefore, in this study a hydrosol formulation was carried out with essential oil from B frutescens L as an insecticide control. This research tested the efficacy of the formulation against Spodoptera sp pests on mustard greens. It was found that a formulation with the addition of 30% essential oil to the hydrosol achieved 100% mortality against Spodoptera Sp pests. This formulation has great potential to be developed as a safe and environmentally friendly insecticide.
Groundwater exploration using self potential and resistivity geoelectrical method as drought disaster mitigation at bukit intan sub-district, Pangkalpinang
Authors: Kusmita T , Hisyam E S , Puriza Y , Syam A I , Ambarwati J
Published: December 2024

Pangkalpinang City in Bangka Belitung Islands province faces a seasonal water crisis due to its location outside the island’s groundwater basin. This study focuses on assessing groundwater potential in the Bukit Intan sub-district to support drought mitigation efforts. Using a combination of self-potential (SP) and geoelectrical resistivity methods, groundwater flow and aquifer depth were analyzed. Field data were collected across multiple tracks, with SP measurements revealing areas of potential groundwater movement, while resistivity profiles indicated aquifer presence at depths of 3-30 meters. Results suggest that groundwater potential is concentrated in certain recharge zones, highlighting areas suitable for targeted extraction and the establishment of boreholes. These aquifers exhibit seasonal fluctuations in groundwater levels, whereas the confined zones are located at greater depths and are more isolated, likely due to the presence of resistive layers that restrict flow. This assessment provides crucial insights for improving groundwater management in drought-affected regions of Pangkalpinang City.
Synthesis and characterization of spent coffee grounds derived activated carbon-supported ZnO for photocatalyst
Authors: Fabiani V A , Kurniawan W B , Ropalia  , Candra  , Anggrainy A P
Published: December 2024

Spent coffee grounds derived activated carbon-supported ZnO as photocatalyst has been synthesized. This study analyzes the characteristics of adding activated carbon from spent coffee grounds to ZnO as a candidate photocatalyst material. The stages in this research are preparing activated carbon from spent coffee grounds, synthesis of ZnO/activated carbon, and characterization of ZnO/activated carbon. Based on the activated carbon quality test results, 13% ash content and 6.6% ash content were obtained, which met the standards. ZnO/activated carbon characteristics showed that all samples of activated carbon addition of 0.4 g, 0.9 g, and 1.4 g showed the dominant crystalline phase of ZnO. Adding 1.4 g activated carbon to ZnO gives suitable characteristics as a photocatalyst, resulting in a particle size of 45.22 nm and a band gap energy of 3.20 eV.
A methodological framework integrating land use land cover and ecosystem services for optimal urban land management
Authors: Nazer N , Kurukkanari C , Puthuvayi B
Published: December 2024

Urban planning is a crucial element in the sustainable development of cities, with increasing recognition of the critical role of ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are essential for urban well-being, and their effectiveness is closely linked to the spatial organization of land use. This study investigated the intricate relationship between land use and land cover (LULC) and ecosystem services (ES). To achieve optimal land use management, we propose a methodology that utilizes coupling coordination degree (CCD) and system dynamics (SD) modeling. This study acknowledges the impact of LULC on ecosystem services and suggests that controlling LULC can be an effective tool in managing and enhancing these services. The degree of coupling coordination serves as a valuable metric for examining the intricate nature of the interactions between LULC and ecosystem services. By quantifying the degree of coordination between these two systems, we get insights into the modeling of the dynamics of the LULC and ES systems. The control factors influencing these interactions can be identified using factors, interactions, risks, and ecological detectors in the geographic detector analysis process. System dynamic modeling enhances our ability to capture and understand the complex relationships within an urban ecosystem. By creating a dynamic model, we can better control and predict the factors that influence LULC and ecosystem services. This study contributes to the development of a methodological framework for urban planners, policymakers, and researchers to optimize land-use management and promote sustainable and resilient cities. The proposed methodology establishes a foundation for future research and applications in urban planning and ecosystem management.
Preparation and excitation power-dependent photoluminescence of tetrapod-quantum wells
Authors: Thi Luyen Nguyen , Thi Thuy Lieu Nguyen , Thi Minh Hien Nguyen , Huy Le Duc , Huy Tran Quang , Nghia Nguyen Xuan
Published: December 2024

Tetrapod-quantum well (TW) with CdSe core and quantum wells in gradient alloyed CdSeS arms was synthesized using the one-pot colloidal method. The morphology, crystal structure, UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and excitation power-dependent PL properties of TWs prepared within a 30 min reaction time were investigated. Their PL spectrum exhibited two emission peaks centered at 2.187 eV and 2.207 eV due to radiative transitions within the core and quantum wells, respectively. Analysis of the excitation power-dependent PL spectra showed that the core and quantum wells’ radiative recombination channels are independent up to the excitation power density of 2.29 × 102 mW cm−2. At higher power densities, efficient carrier transfer from the quantum wells into the cores occurred. This can be explained by the state filling of quantum wells and the decreasing band gap energy of gradient alloyed CdSeS arms towards the CdSe core. This study demonstrates a simple, green, and cost-effective approach for synthesizing one-color and two-color tetrapods based on CdSe and CdSeS materials, as well as the recovery process in nanostructures with two emission channels under various excitation conditions. The results could help to design and prepare white-light-emitting tetrapod-double quantum wells for efficient light-emitting applications.
Bidirectional interaction directional variance attention model based on increased-transformer for thyroid nodule classification
Authors: Liu Ming , Yao Jianing , Yang Jianli , Wan Zhenzhen , Lin Xiong
Published: December 2024

Malignant thyroid nodules are closely linked to cancer, making the precise classification of thyroid nodules into benign and malignant categories highly significant. However, the subtle differences in contour between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, combined with the texture features obscured by the inherent noise in ultrasound images, often result in low classification accuracy in most models. To address this, we propose a Bidirectional Interaction Directional Variance Attention Model based on Increased-Transformer, named IFormer-DVNet. This paper proposes the Increased-Transformer, which enables global feature modeling of feature maps extracted by the Convolutional Feature Extraction Module (CFEM). This design maximally alleviates noise interference in ultrasound images. The Bidirectional Interaction Directional Variance Attention module (BIDVA) dynamically calculates attention weights using the variance of input tensors along both vertical and horizontal directions. This allows the model to focus more effectively on regions with rich information in the image. The vertical and horizontal features are interactively combined to enhance the model’s representational capability. During the model training process, we designed a Multi-Dimensional Loss function (MD Loss) to stretch the boundary distance between different classes and reduce the distance between samples of the same class. Additionally, the MD Loss function helps mitigate issues related to class imbalance in the dataset. We evaluated our network model using the public TNCD dataset and a private dataset. The results show that our network achieved an accuracy of 76.55% on the TNCD dataset and 93.02% on the private dataset. Compared to other state-of-the-art classification networks, our model outperformed them across all evaluation metrics.
Challenging excited states from adaptive quantum eigensolvers: subspace expansions vs. state-averaged strategies
Authors: Grimsley Harper R , Evangelista Francesco A
Published: December 2024

The prediction of electronic structure for strongly correlated molecules represents a promising application for near-term quantum computers. Significant attention has been paid to ground state wavefunctions, but excited states of molecules are relatively unexplored. In this work, we consider the adaptive, problem-tailored (ADAPT)-variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, a single-reference approach for obtaining ground states, and its state-averaged generalization for computing multiple states at once. We demonstrate for both rectangular and linear H4, as well as for BeH2, that this approach, which we call multistate-objective, Ritz-eigenspectral (MORE)-ADAPT-VQE, can make better use of small excitation manifolds than an analogous method based on a single-reference ADAPT-VQE calculation, q-sc-EOM. In particular, MORE-ADAPT-VQE is able to accurately describe both avoided crossings and crossings between states of different symmetries. In addition to more accurate excited state energies, MORE-ADAPT-VQE can recover accurate transition dipole moments in situations where traditional ADAPT-VQE and q-sc-EOM struggle. These improvements suggest a promising direction toward the use of quantum computers for difficult excited state problems.
Analytical and Computational Investigation of VibroThermoAcoustic Behaviour of Cracks in Aerostructures
Authors: Rawat Varun Manoj , Swain Aditya
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the Vibro-thermoacoustic dynamics exhibited by Aerostructures, particularly those harbouring surface cracks. Employing a novel approach, a Thermo-Acoustic field coupled Transient Heat Transfer model is developed to model the interplay among vibrations, heat dissipation, and acoustic behaviour at crack tip interfaces. Local surface flaws proximal to stress concentration sites are investigated via the Newmark Beta Method and Finite Element Analysis, which are applied to displacement and thermal mapping at crack tips through temporal and spatial discretization. Recognizing the implications of flaws in structural integrity and potential lifespan reduction, the study incorporates Analytical, Numerical and Computational analysis of surface cracks into the broader context of Thermoacoustic phenomena. The paper explores the application of Elastoplastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM) to model the impact of plastic deformation on crack growth, local acoustic field and the overarching structural integrity of these components. In this study, we also investigate the limitations of the original Ramberg-Osgood equation, particularly in its application to modelling nonlinearities in plastic strain at crack tip interfaces. To address these shortcomings, we propose a novel modified Ramberg-Osgood formulation that incorporates Padé Approximants. This modification enables effective modelling of nonlinear stress-strain variations of high-performance materials while improving computational performance and accuracy. Real-world aerostructures experience varying loads, and incorporating these principles in our coupled model allows for accurate modelling of Thermoacoustic Field variations and Instability under dynamic conditions. The research offers valuable perspectives for engineering applications, providing a computational roadmap for thermoacoustic modelling in Aerostructures with cracks.
Overcoming occlusions in complex environments to achieve robust perception of human emotions
Authors: Ge Changqiang
Published: December 2024

To effectively address the emotional well-being of elderly individuals living alone using of home care robotic systems, it is essential to possess the ability to precisely identify facial expressions within complex domestic settings. Facial expression recognition (FER) in complex environments faces significant challenges due to factors such as facial occlusions. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a method called the Dual-Branch Attention and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network (DAMFF-Net). First, we perform feature extraction on facial images and input the resulting feature maps into an improved dual-branch attention fusion module (DBAF) to capture long-range dependencies between different facial regions. Simultaneously, using the residual multi-scale module that we designed, we obtain fine-grained multi-scale features to ensure that both preceding and subsequent feature subsets contain rich scale information. Next, we globally fuse the feature maps from the feature extraction stage with those from the residual multi-scale module to enhance facial expression recognition accuracy in cases where certain facial feature regions are occluded. Finally, we employ decision-level fusion in order to deal with the categorization findings. Experiments were conducted on the RAF-DB, CK+ and AffectNet-7 datasets, and comparative results indicated that the proposed method achieved a respective enhancement of 5.79%, 6.68% and 5.86% in facial expression recognition accuracy.
Home intrusion: smart security and live video surveillance system
Authors: M S Punith , I Mamatha , Tripathi Shikha
Published: December 2024

Security concerns are rampant in our world today. No location is immune to crime, whether it be public spaces, commercial areas, offices, or private property. While law enforcement agencies work to address crimes after they have taken place, there is no guarantee that they can prevent them from occurring. Communities and businesses often turn to security personnel and surveillance cameras to keep watch, but this only provides passive protection. Criminals may act while security is absent and cameras only record events, they do not prevent them. Although, there are few systems with face recognition and alerting mechanisms are existing, they are too expensive and not affordable to a common man. In response to this challenge, this work proposes a most economic, hassle free proactive home security system which can be used as a plug and play device for the already installed surveillance system employing CCTV cameras. This system features facial recognition technology, enabling it to identify authorized individuals by storing their images in a database, thus swiftly distinguishing between intruders and residents. In cases of unauthorized intrusions, the system promptly activates alerts and alarms. Additionally, it incorporates supplementary security measures utilizing sensors and actuators for heightened protection. Moreover, the system utilizes an IP camera, permitting remote monitoring via live streaming. An array of machine learning algorithms is assessed to ascertain the most effective method for facial recognition, integrated into a monitoring dashboard using RTSP streaming.
Refinable modeling for unbinned SMEFT analyses
Authors: Schöfbeck Robert
Published: December 2024

We present methods to estimate systematic uncertainties in unbinned large hadron collider (LHC) data analyses, focusing on constraining Wilson coefficients in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT). Our approach also applies to broader parametric models of non-resonant phenomena beyond the standard model. By using machine-learned surrogates of the likelihood ratio, we extend well-established procedures from binned Poisson counting experiments to the unbinned case. This framework handles various theoretical, modeling, and experimental uncertainties, laying the foundation for future unbinned analyses at the LHC. We also introduce a tree-boosting algorithm that learns precise parametrizations of systematic effects, providing a robust, flexible alternative to neural networks for modeling systematics. We demonstrate this approach with an SMEFT analysis of highly energetic top quark pair production in proton–proton collisions.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles: pros and cons of natural compounds
Authors: Medeot Caterina , Alsadig Ahmed , D’Amico Francesco , Costantini Roberto , Lentini Campallegio Claudio , Cossaro Albano , Vondracek Hendrik , Birarda Giovanni , Posocco Paola , Parisse Pietro , Casalis Loredana , Bonin Serena
Published: December 2024

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted scientific interest for their unique properties and diverse applications, across biomedical fields, including sensing, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. However, standard wet chemistry synthetic methods for particles synthesis bare limitations, particularly in separating AuNPs from the reaction mixture. Therefore, there is a growing demand for environmentally friendly synthesis routes that minimize waste and utilize non-toxic solvents. Despite advances in this field, many current studies lack standardized protocols, and the underlying mechanisms of the reducing reaction remain unclear. Through comprehensive spectroscopic and morphological analyses, we investigated the redox reactions involved in AuNP formation with various natural extracts, aiming to establish an optimized protocol for producing small, spherical, and monodisperse AuNPs. Our findings demonstrate that cocoa powder extract effectively yields reproducible, spherical AuNPs with a diameter of 11 nm. Comparative analysis with single cocoa powder molecular components identified catechins, a class of flavonoids, as the primary reducing agent in green AuNP synthesis. Catechins also form a protective layer around the AuNPs. However, the simultaneous, unavoidable presence of this layer implemented with fatty acids and proteins, although fundamental for colloidal stability, limits further functionalization of the AuNPs, highlighting a trade-off between stability and functional versatility.
Microstructural, morphological, and optical properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles obtained from Fe-MIM MOF
Authors: Olatunde Olalekan C , Ravele Murendeni P , Yusuf Tunde L , Onwudiwe Damian C
Published: December 2024

This study explores the microstructural, morphological, and optical properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles synthesized from the pyrolysis of ZIF-8 like Fe-2-methyl imidazole (MIM) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile analysis methods, including the modified Scherrer, Williamson–Hall (W-H), size strain plot, and Halder-Wagner methods, the impact of annealing temperature on the microstructural parameters and crystal defects of the obtained Fe2O3 nanoparticles was investigated. The nanoparticles exhibited high crystallinity and a rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 phase. Morphological analysis through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed distinct structural features, while UV–vis spectroscopy was employed to examine their optical properties. The results indicated that higher annealing temperatures enhance crystallinity, reduce defect density, and improve atomic mobility. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the synthesis-structure–property relationships of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, highlighting their potential applications in applications such as gas sensing and photocatalysis.
Application of International Telecommunication Union Recommendation L.1480 on measuring the greenhouse gas emission effects to a use case for photovoltaic power generation equipment
Authors: Bélorgey François , Fournier Jérôme , Labidurie Omnes Nathalie
Published: December 2024

This article generalizes ITU-T Recommendation L.1480 ‘Enabling the Net Zero transition: Assessing how the use of information and communication technology solutions impact greenhouse gas emissions of other sectors’ (www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1480-202212-I) by applying it to an action outside the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field covered by this ITU-T Recommendation L.1480, namely the use of a photovoltaic solar power plant in Poland, including the transition to scale. The study quantifies this use by accounting all greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions consequences (incl. installation, operation and maintenance) over the duration of the action (i.e. the supply and operation of the photovoltaic panels, inverter and associated services), through the construction of a consequence tree and the effective observation of usage behaviors; it thus avoids pushing potentially negative effects outside the scope of the study, like rebound effects (ex.: increase of 10% in electricity consumption after photovoltaic panels commissioning) or the consequences of the use of financial gains (or losses).

Three main innovations are shown:

•

a step-by-step implementation of Recommendation L.1480 and its supplement L Suppl. 54 to a non-ICT sector,

•

the effectiveness of the use of solar panels to reduce GHG emissions in Poland, through actual measurement of usage data, in particular data linked to rebound effects,

•

the possibility of generalizing this methodological framework to assess the changes in GHG emissions induced by any action already undertaken (
ex post
) or under consideration (
ex ante
).

By assessing all GHG emissions consequences and defining the steps for carrying out this assessment, L.1480 methodology covers all effects on a global scale and reflects real changes in GHG emissions. It could thus be applied to assessing the GHG emissions consequences of actions and decisions of various kinds: public policies (like carbon storage), corporate investment or household behavior. Moreover, adding other categories of environmental impact (biodiversity, scarcity of natural resources (metals, water), waste and pollution, radiative effect, etc) would improve the exhaustiveness of environmental effects measurement.
THOR: a TMB heterogeneity-adaptive optimization model predicts immunotherapy response using clonal genomic features in group-structured data
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Guan Yanfang , Lai Xin , Liu Yuqian , Chang Zhili , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Quan , Liu Jingjing , Zhao Jian , Yang Shuanying , Wang Jiayin , Song Xiaofeng
Published: December 2024

With the increasing number of indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors in early and advanced cancers, the prospect of a tumor-agnostic biomarker to prioritize patients is compelling. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is a widely endorsed biomarker that quantifies nonsynonymous mutations within tumor DNA, essential for neoantigen production, which, in turn, correlates with the immune response and guides decision-making. However, the general clinical application of TMB—relying on simple mutational counts targeted at a single endpoint—does not adequately capture the complex clonal structure of tumors nor the multifaceted nature of prognostic indicators. This recognition has spurred the exploration of sophisticated high-dimensional regression techniques. Unfortunately, the limited cohort sizes in immunotherapy trials have hindered the full potential of these advanced methods. Our approach considers patient subgroups as related yet distinct entities, enabling precise tailoring and refinement to address subgroup-specific dynamics. Given the deficiencies and the constraints, we introduce a TMB heterogeneity-optimized regression (THOR). This innovative model enhances the predictive capabilities of TMB by integrating tumor clonality and a diverse spectrum of clinical endpoints, further augmented by fusion techniques across subgroups to facilitate robust data sharing and interpretation. Our simulations validate THOR’s superiority in parameter estimation for statistical inference. Clinically, we assess the utility of THOR in a structured cohort of 238 cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy, supplemented by 2212 patients across 19 subgroups from public datasets. The forecast of the responses and comparison of survival hazards demonstrate that THOR significantly enhances patient stratification and prognostic predictions by incorporating complex immunogenetic biology and subgroup-specific dynamics.