bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia in a Patient Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Meuthia Feranti
Published: January 2021

Thrombocytopenia is a common abnormality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Baseline thrombocytopenia in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with early adverse events, related to both ischemia and bleeding. Treatment for acute coronary syndrome usually involves antiplatelet, anticoagulant, antithrombotic therapy, and the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention. The safety of antiplatelet therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention patients who have acute coronary syndrome and thrombocytopenia is unknown, and there are no guidelines or randomized studies that specifically suggest a treatment approach in such patients. One of the institutions in Italy recommends medical and interventional strategy with radialis as first choice for access site, bare metal stent (BMS) implantation, followed by double antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for one month. After DAPT discontinuation, at least one antiplatelet drug (aspirin) is recommended for life.
Determinant of Latent Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence among Health Workers in Community Health Centers in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Andajani Susilowati
Published: January 2021

About 2 billion people in the world are infected with latent TB, and 5-10% of them will develop into active TB. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, behavior, duration of work, comorbidities, and workplace ventilation with the incidence of latent pulmonary TB. This type of research is an observational cross sectional analytic, a sample of research of poly TB analysts and nurses from 13 health centers in Surabaya, a sample of 30 people. Statistical analysis with Chi Square and t-2 test samples were free with a=0.05. The results of this study are: The proportion of latent TB incidence is (46.70%) and 85.71% of them are women. None of the respondents detected DM, and none of the history had HIV, silicosis or hepatitis. All workplace ventilation is not good. There was no relationship between nutritional status, behavior, duration of work and the incidence of latent pulmonary TB. The conclusions from the study are, 1) The proportion of health center health workers affected by latent pulmonary TB infection is 46.70%, 2) There is no relationship between nutritional status, length of work, and behavior of health center health workers in Surabaya with latent pulmonary TB incidence. The highest incidence of latent pulmonary TB occurred in those with a working period of five years or more, with the highest education in D3 medical analysts/akper. All workplace ventilation is not good. The highest incidence of latent pulmonary TB (42.86%) in employees at the PRM Health Center (microscopic referral health center).
The Correlation between icaA and icaD Genes with Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro
Authors: Rachmawati Dian , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Alimsardjono Lindawati
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to identify the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. epidermidis and to analyze the relationship between the presence of icaA and icaD genes with the ability of in vitro biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. S. epidermidis isolates from patients and healthy people were collected and PCR was examined to detect icaA and icaD genes. which then continued to examine the ability of biofilm formation by the method of Congo Red Agar. The results of this genotypic and phenotypic examination were then tested for correlation with statistical tests using SPSS 23.0. A total of 40 S. epidermidis isolates were collected, consisting of 20 clinical isolates and 20 isolates of normal flora. The icaA gene was positive in 5 isolates (12.5%), and 8 isolates (20%) were positive for the icaD gene, 3 isolates with icaA and icaD were both positive. One hundred percent of isolates with icaA or icaD positively formed biofilms, but there were 15 isolates (42.9%) who did not have the icaA gene but showed the ability to form biofilms, while 12 isolates (37.5%) who did not have the icaD gene also formed biofilms. Fifty percent of S. epidermidis isolates showed the ability to form biofilms at CRA. The Fisher Exact test showed a significant relationship between the icaA gene and the ability of biofilm formation (p=0.047 (p<0.05)) as well as the icaD gene (p=0.03 (p<0.05)). The icaA and icaD genes have a significant relationship to biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. There was another mechanism in the formation of biofilms that are not dependent on the ica gene.
Analysis of IFN-gamma and IL-10 Levels as Markers of Inflammation and Response Therapy of Anti-Tuberculosis in MDR Lung TB Patients
Authors: Setyawati Herni , Soedarsono Soedarsono , Yulistiani Yulistiani , Fatmawati Umi
Published: January 2021

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampisin, the two most potent TB drug. Immune response to against Mycobacterum tuberculosis infection is related to the function of immunity. The function of interferon-γ (pro-inflammatory) is to activate macrophages, to stimulate antimicrobial molecules (to reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide), and to inhibits interleukin-10. Interleukin-10 function is to triggers humoral immunity, to inhibit IFN- γ. This study aimed to analyze level changes and the correlation with clinical data, also months of MDR TB patients who received standard OAT therapy. This was an observational study using cross sectional design. There were 29 patients who received standard MDR TB OAT therapy from 1-24 months, who met the inclusion criteria. Then, the patients were divided based on duration of the therapy, which are the initial/intensive and advanced phase. The initial phase divided into 2: first one is for 1-4 months therapy’s time (5 patients) and the second one is for more than 4-8 months (6 patients). Then, the advanced group divided into two groups again, which are third group with more than 8-16 months (13 patients) and fouth group with more than 16-24 months (5 patients). Then, measured serum concentration IFN-γ, IL-10 at the start of the study and 4 weeks later with the ELISA method. This research during the period July-December (6 months). IFN-γ post concentrations were decreased by 39.14 ± 139.12 pg/mL (p > 0.05). The concentration of IL-10 was decreased by 33.93 ± 109.20pg/mL (p>0.05). Based on the TB score bandim method during pre and posts results were 1 patient experienced severity change from severity class 1 to 2, 1 patient from severity class 2 to 1, 1 patient remained in severity 2 and 26 patient remained in severity 1. The results showed that serum IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in initial/intensive and advanced phase patients who received MDR TB regiment after four weeks did not changed,
The Effect of Subconjunctival Bevacizumab on Angiogenesis in Rabbit Model
Authors: Nurwasis Nurwasis , Yuliawati Diana , Komaratih Evelyn , Heriyawati Heriyawati
Published: January 2021

The wound healing process is major cause of glaucoma surgery failure and enhances the incapability of controlling the IOP. This aim of study was to evaluate the angiogenesis effect of Bevacizumab injection on the amount and density of blood vessels in the rabbit model after trabeculectomy. It was a true experimental study using 16 eyes of 16 New Zealand White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that divided into two groups. The control group was treated with 0.05 ml of Balanced Saline Solution (BSS). The experimental group was treated with subconjunctival injection of 1.25 mg Bevacizumab in 0.05 BSS. All rabbit was sacrificed, and the eye was enucleated. Thus, the bleb area was dissected after 14 days. Histopathological analysis was performed to evaluate the amount and density of blood vessels. The mean amount of blood vessels in the control group was 22.63 ± 11.02, and the experimental group was 14,75 ± 4.92 (p=0.043). The mean of blood vessel density in the control group was 19.10 ± 1.69 %, and the experimental group was 16.53 ± 2.90 % (p=0.029)%. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Subconjunctival bevacizumab in the rabbit model reduces the amount and density of blood vessels compared with subconjunctival BSS injection.
Case Report: The Role of Intravascular Ultrasonography in Patients Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Putri Alisia Yuana
Published: January 2021

Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) has an important role as a complimentary diagnostic tool in percutaneous coronary intervention procedure. IVUS provides valuable information regarding coronary vessel lumen and dimension and also plaque burden and its characteristic. The main use of IVUS in PCI is to guide the choose of interventional strategies to optimize stent deployment. Since drug eluting stent (DES) has promised to decrease the incidence in stent restenosis and stent thrombosis than bare metal stent, but neither the suboptimal results nor the complication after stenting with DES is still high. Thus, optimization of stent deployment under IVUS guidance is important in cases to decrease stent failure after PCI procedure, as well as to decrease complication rate after stenting in order to decrease mortality rate caused by coronary artery disease. We present here the use of IVUS guidance in a 43 and 46 year-old man underwent PCI.
Differences of Indirect MAR Test in the Unexplained Infertile and Fertile Couples
Authors: Ramadhona Nur Hafiz , Hinting Aucky , Lunardhi Hamdani
Published: January 2021

Infertility is the inability of a partner to get pregnant after regular sexual intercourse without contraception for 12 months. Based on the cause, male infertility is caused by genetic, hormonal, infectious, sexual, and unexplained infertility. However, many infertile couples are classified into unexplained infertility without an antisperm antibody (ASA) immunological examination. This study aimed to prove that couples classified as unexplained infertility can be caused by ASA wives. This was an observational study with a cross sectional study design. The sample consisted of 2 groups, in which the first group consisted of 36 fertile couples and the second group consisted of 35 unexplained infertility couples. All samples were carried out indirect MAR test to obtain the ASA value of the wife. If the wife's ASA value was >40%, the ASA results were positive. Conversely, if the ASA value was <40%, the ASA results were negative. From these 2 groups, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) that the wife's ASA value in the unexplained infertility group was significantly higher than that in the fertile group. This study concluded that the positive ASA results from the indirect MAR test were significantly found in the unexplained infertility sample.
Intraarticular Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Mahyudin Ferdiansyah , Zulkarnain Arif , Purwati Purwati , Setyawati Rossy
Published: January 2021

Graft tunnel healing is important for the successful reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by using the hamstring tendon autograft. There are studies that intra graft tunnel Bone Marrow Mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) or intra graft tunnel Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) accelerated graft tunnel healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using BMSCs+VEGF injected intra-articular on graft tunnel healing. We reconstructed the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of 12 rabbits using an autograft hamstring tendon with and without intra-articular BMSCs+VEGF. Histological evaluation was done at 3 and 6 weeks after ACL reconstruction. On the surface between the graft and the bone tunnel obtained collagen fiber thickness or Sharpey fiber is significantly more than the control group (p< 0.05) in the evaluation of 3 weeks and 6 weeks either side of the tibia and the femur. To evaluate the progression of the treatment, treatment group and control group gained progression had significantly when compared to 3 weeks and 6 weeks. It can be concluded that intra-articular injection of VEGF+BMSCs can accelerate the integration of the graft tunnel from histology evaluation on 3 and 6 weeks.
Comparison of Irisin Serum Healthy Untrained Males on Treadmill Exercises by Increasing Gradually Speed Vs Inclination
Authors: Uda'a Budiyanto , Tinduh D , Masduchi HR , Laswati Laswati , Wibisono S , Soenatalina Soenatalina , Theodora S
Published: January 2021

Aerobic exercise can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in young people. Irises released into the bloodstream function to execute regulation of energy metabolism, triggering browning white adipose, which is useful in mitochondrial biogenesis. The American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) recommends moderate intensity cardiorespiratory fitness training with a frequency of 3-5 times a week, duration of 20-60 minutes, using a treadmill. Study subjects (n = 20) were divided randomly into 2 groups, namely the moderate intensity Treadmill training group with gradual speed improvement and gradual inclination increase. Serum slices are measured on the first and last day of exercise. There was an increasing of irisin serum  in the moderate intensity Treadmill training group by increasing gradually speed after 2 weeks of exercise, both 30 minutes pre-exercise (p = 0.02) and 1 hour post exercise (p = 0.01). Medium intensity Treadmill training with 2 weeks gradual speed increase with frequency 3 times a week can increase serum slice in men, healthy untrained young men.
Role of Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index on Blood Pressure among Students of St. Hendrikus High School, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Andajani Susilowati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), and nutritional status on blood pressure in class X and XI students, SMAK St. Hendrikus, Surabaya, Indonesia. The sample of students in class X and XI of SMAK St. Hendrikus Surabaya in 2013. The sample size was 150 students. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. The independent variables were age, sex, BMI, and nutritional status, while the dependent variable was blood pressure. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, Spearman, and Chi Square statistical test with ?=0.05. The level of risk was calculated by epi info program. Most students (40.7%) were 16 years old, those with pre-hypertension (systolic) 26.7%, grade 1 systolic hypertension by 1.3%, diastolic pre-hypertension 25.3% and grade 1 diastolic hypertension by 6.7%. Age did not have significant influence (p=0.623) on systolic blood pressure, but had a significant influence (p=0.002) on diastolic blood pressure. Male sex significantly influenced systolic (p=0.002, RR 5.36 95% CI 2.2320-12.8649) and diastolic (p <0.001, RR 1.95 95% CI 1.1272-3 , 3719) blood pressure. BMI had significant influence (p <0.001) on blood pressure. Nutritional status had significant influence on systolic blood pressure (p=0.002), with overnutrition status with RR 2.28, 95% CI 1.3983-3.7104. Nutritional status had significant influence on diastolic blood pressure (p <0.001), and with overnutrition status with RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.8143-4.1179. In conclusion, the trend for pre-hypertension to grade 1 diastolic hypertension increases with age and age has an influence on diastolic blood pressure. The risk of males to have pre-hypertension to grade 1 systolic hypertension is 5.36 times that of females, and the risk to have pre-hypertension to grade 1 diastolic hypertension is 1.95 times that of women. The higher the BMI, the higher the systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure.
Transnasal Esophagoscopy Examination in Outpatient Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Perdana Rizka Fathoni
Published: January 2021

Esophagoscopy is the standard examination standard for evaluation, diagnosis, screening and surveillance of esophageal diseases. Although it is often done, esophagoscopy costs a lot, is inconvenient, and risks complications, including cardiopulmonary complications because patients usually require routine sedation in the implementation of conventional esophagoscopic procedures. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of the results of the implementation of transnasal esophagoscopy in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Broncho-oesophagology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, between 1 September 2012 and 30 April 2015. This study was a retrospective descriptive study with a population of all patients undergoing esophagoscopic examinations during this period. Data is taken from medical records of new patients undergoing transnasal esophagoscopy. Inclusion criteria were all patients who had been tested for transnasal esophagoscopy, and exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data. There were 35 patients who underwent transnasal esophagoscopy examination at Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Broncho-oesophagology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabayaduring the study period. The mean of patients who participated in the study was 54.17 ± 14.02. 23 male patients (63.89%), while 12 female patients or 34.11%. Indications of dysfagi are found in all age groups, most in the age group 51-70 years. Metastases in head and neck malignancies are found in the age group 31 - 50 years and 51 - 70 years. Indications for heartburn are found in the age group 21-50 years and 51-70 years. In conclusion, the results of transnasal esophagoscopic examination showed that most patients had a normal picture (60%) and a positive picture with an esophageal abnormality of 40%. The most common features are lesions in the mucosal esophagus lumen, scar, masses and stenosis.
Quantity of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Pattern of Gut Normal Flora Escherichia coli at Intensive Care Unit and Tropic Infection Ward, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Sholeh Mohammad Akbaruddin , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Hadi Usman
Published: January 2021

Resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide, including in Indonesia. The use of antibiotics is the most common cause of microorganism resistance. Individuals who received antibiotic therapy impacton changes of normal micro-flora resistance through selective pressure. This study aims to analyze the relationship of the quantity of antibiotic use with the pattern of resistance of gut normal flora Escherichia coliamong patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Tropic Infection Ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. This study was cross-sectional design with 64 samples (32 the ICU and 32 in Tropic Infection Ward). The total sample were collected for three Months. Identification of intestinal microflora was done with McConkey differential selective medium, followed by IMViC biochemical test, and sensitivity test by antibiotic disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed with Chi square test and Fisher'sExact test. There was no significant difference (p=0.441) in the quantity of antibiotic use between ICU and Tropic Infection Ward. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in normal intestinal flora Escherichia coli resistance pattern between Tropic Infection Ward and ICU against12 types of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone was the most widely used antibiotic in the Tropic Infection Ward of 54 DDD and ICU of 100 DDD. The highest percentage of intestinal flora Escherichia coli  resistance at the ICU was ceftriaxone as manyas 18 (56.3%) and at Tropic Infection Ward on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin 20 (62.5%). The other study in Primary Health center, showed that theresistance rates of both wards were significantly different as compared to intestinal flora of patients in primary health center (p <0.001), in whichthe use of antibiotics in primary health center was also lower (1.6 DDD). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) The pattern of bacterial resistance between patient with and without antibiotic use at Tropic Infection Ward and ICU Conclusion: the quantity of antibiotic use was not significantly different against resistnt gut flora between patients in ICU and Tropic Infection ward. The pattern of bacterial resistance between patient with and without antibiotic use was also not significantly different.
Effect of Simvastatin in Serum Interleukin-6 Level in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Meo Maria Lettisia , Machin Abdulloh , Hasmono Didik
Published: January 2021

Acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and causing permanent disability in adults worldwide. In acute ischemic stroke, IL-6 levels positively correlated to more severe neurological deficits, more extensive brain damage and worse prognoses. The use of statin was associated with milder initial stroke severity, better functional outcome and lower mortality. This clinically randomized controlled trial study was aimed to analyze the serum levels of IL 6 in acute ischemic stroke patients who treated with Simvastatin 20 mg compare to placebo. Samples were taken using consecutive sampling method from hospitalized acute ischemic stroke patients in Neurology Department of Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya and Airlangga University Hospital Surabayafrom August to November 2017. Total of 44 patients met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 22 patients in treatment group and 22 patients in control group.There were no significant difference in the characteristic of the patients in both groups (p>0.05). Averages of serum IL-6 in the control and the treatment group are 38.594±74.313 and 17.760±25.253(p=0,438) while averages of serum IL-6 post in the control group and the treatment are 46.586±103.484 and 15.275±17.183 (p=0,589). There were no significant level escalation in pre and post of control group (p = 0.205) and also no significant level reduction in pre and post of treatment group (p = 0.411), while the average difference in the control group (-7.992 + 78.912 pg/ml) and in the treatment group (2.485 + 23.738 pg/ml).
Acid Phosphatase and Zinc Tests Are Effective for Semen Examination and Identification to Prove Intercourse
Authors: Yudianto Ahmad , Wibowo Ariyanto , Nuraini Indah , Aung Htet Htet
Published: January 2021

The presence of spermatozoa in vagina is a definite sign of sexual intercourse. However, sometimes microscopic examination does not find spermatozoa or reveals a false negative result. This is influenced by many factors, including the absence of ejaculate in the vaginal canal. In addition, there are other factors such as oligo/azoospermia, vasectomy, degeneration of sperm due to time, incorrect sampling, and improper storage. Therefore, examination of the other components of the ejaculate, ie. the enzyme acid phosphatase, choline and spermin, is important. Compared with spermatozoa, the enzyme phosphatase, choline and spermin have lower evidentiary value because these three components are less specific. However, the level of phosphatase enzyme found in the vagina is much lower than phosphatase enzyme that comes from prostate gland. In this study, as many as 192 samples in the form of patches with sperm/semen stains were tested with acid phosphatase test and zinc test through direct and indirect examination. In the first method, washing was carried out on day 1, day 7, and month 3, and testing was carried out after each washing. In the second method, washing was carried out simultaneously and testing was carried out on day 1, day 7 and month 3. Washing was carried out using 7 types of detergent for each 4 patch samples, and washing using water as control. The results showed very low sensitivity (0.186) and very high specificity (100%). This showed that both tests had high specificity values. Acid phosphatase test specifically showed the presence of the enzyme phosphatase, while zinc test specifically showed the presence of zinc in semen. This phosphohydrolase-phosphatase enzyme is easily degraded due to external factors, including temperature, humidity, and chemicals, ie. the element SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) that has the ability to cut enzymes. The weakness of the acid phosphatase test is that this enzyme is easily degraded, either partially or completely, due to external factors, such as temperature, humidity, heat, and the presence of chemicals.
Mean Differences of Total Cholesterol Levels among Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians at Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Nudhar Lathifah , Subandrate Subandrate , Susilawati Susilawati , Oswari Liniyanti
Published: January 2021

Total cholesterol level is one of the risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The proportion rate of hypercholesterolemia in Indonesia remains high, numbering around one third of (35,9%) Indonesians. Hypercholesterolemia is a modifiable risk factor, one of early measures that can be taken to prevent hypercholesterolemia is nutritional intervention. A dietary pattern high in plant sources and lower fat consumption has been recommended by several health organisation for prevention of hypercholesterolemia. This study was intended to determine mean difference of cholesterol level between vegetarian and nonvegetarian in Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang. This was an observational analytical study with cross-sectional design. A total of 173 subjects at Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang was included which consist of 80 Vegetarian and 93 Nonvegetarian. Measurement of total cholesterol level was done using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) Autocheck® Multi Monitoring System and parametric Independent T Test was chosen as method of statistical analysis. p <0.001 indicates significant differences of total cholesterol level between vegetarian (172,51± 39,05 mg/dL ) and nonvegetarian (228,67±68,07 mg/dL) groups. The mean differences of total cholesterol of vegetarian group is 56,16 mg/dl lower than non vegetarian groups. A significant differences exist in total cholesterol level between vegetarian and non vegetarian group at Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang. Vegetarian groups has lower total cholesterol level compared to nonvegetarian.
The Role of Cyclin D1 and VEGF in Radiotherapy Response of Advance Stage Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Nurhidayat Ade Apon , Afiati Afiati , Usman Hermin Aminah , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy
Published: January 2021

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence and mortality rate in Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Radioresistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. DNA repair in the cell cycle and angiogenesis factors affects the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy. Cyclin D1 that functions in the cell cycle process and VEGF as an angiogenesis factor are considered to play a role in the occurrence of radioresistance. The objective of this study is to find the association between immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF with radiotherapy response in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study used a retrospective case control analysis design, secondary data from medical records of patients diagnosed as undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received complete radiotherapy at the Radiation Oncology Department  Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung were taken. There were 44 samples divided into radiosensitive (22 samples) and radioresistant (22 samples) groups. Immunohistochemical examination of Cyclin D1 and VEGF was performed on paraffin blocks of patients' biopsy. Data analysis using Chi-Square test (p ≤0.05) , OR 95% CI. Cyclin D1 expressed strongly in 86.4% of the radioresistant group and 59.1% in the radiosensitive group (p<0.05) and the OR 4,385 (0.993-19.356), VEGF was strongly expressed in 77.3% of the radioresistant group and 54.5% in the radiosensitive group (p>0.05). As conclusion, there were significant association between Cyclin D1 with radiotherapy respons in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The stronger immunoexpression of Cyclin D1, the higher likelihood of radioresistancy. VEGF immunoexpression showed no significant association with radiotherapy response.
Effect of Celery Extract on Fructose Induced Insulin Resistance Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Sukarno Devitya Angielevi , Mustika Arifa , Rejeki Purwo Sri
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health problems and in the top 4th ranks as the main cause of death in developing countries (IDF, 2015). The pathogenesis of type II DM involves abnormalities in insulin secretion and activity that leads to insulin resistance. This research aims to study the efficacy of celery (Apiumgraveolens) as a prevention of insulin resistance. In this study, the samples were 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), male sex, aged 4-6 weeks, weight 150-175 grams,and had normal fasting blood glucose levels by tested before treatment. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, K1 was negative control group (insulin resistance by given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay);K2 was positive control group (those given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDayand standard insulin resistance therapy metformin 500 mg/kg BW PO qDay); the K3 treatment group was given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 200 mg/kg BW PO qDay; the K4 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 400 mg/kg BW PO qDay; and the K5 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 600 mg/kg BW PO qDay. The treatment had been given every day for 60 days.Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a Glucometer. Fasting blood insulin levels were measured using ELISA, HOMA-IR was calculated using a standardized formula, and GLUT4 protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. It the end of the intervention, there was a significant decreased in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in K4 group compared with K1 (p <0.05), insulin resistance in K1 was characterized by a higher HOMA-IR value compared to the therapy group, especially K4 and K5 (p <0.05). There was an increase in GLUT-4 expression on K4 and K5 compared with K1 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that celery extract has antihyperglycemia effect and furthermore it can prevent insulin resistance condition.
Oral Health Status and The Body Mass Index in Young Adults
Authors: Rahmawan Dzanuar , Kalanjati Viskasari P , Abdurachman Abdurachman
Published: January 2021

Poor oral health has been reported to correlate to the body mass index (BMI) of the overweight and the obesity groups. These has yet widely studied in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to analysed the oral health, socioeconomy factors (FSE) and the BMI in the seemingly healthy university students in Kediri aged 18-21 years old. This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst male and female students of IIKBW, Kediri, Indonesia (n=150). We analysed their BMI from the body weight and height (kg/m2). Their oral health was determined by the DMFT index (decayed missing filled teeth index), the stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) and the gingival index (GI). FSE studied include father’s highest education and monthly income, tooth brushing frequency in a day and dental floss habitual use. Data was analysed using SPSS 17 with level of significance of p<0.05. No significant differences in BMI, DMFT index, SSFR and GI respectively (p=0.411;p=0.037, p=0.880, p=0.142) between male and female groups. No significant corelation BMI with DMFT index, SSFR and GI, respectively (p=0.340, p=0.420, p=0,446). FSE are not significantly correlated to either the BMI, DMFT index, SSFR orGI (p > 0.05). There were 41.8% of males and 57.8% of females have “bad” score of DMFT and 98.6% of males and 92.1% of females have “bad” score of GI; 4.1% of males and 2.6% of females have low score of SSFR.Although we found no significant differences in the BMI and oral health parameters between genders, in the seemingly healthy young adults oral health hygiene could be compromised as found in the current study indicated by bad scores of DMFT, SSFR or GI. Here we found that either BMI or FSE was not significantly correlated to any of oral health parameters measured in the current study.
Insight into Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): Rationalized Review Special Reference to COVID-19
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bedanta , Ikbal Abu Md Ashif , Sahu Ram Kumar , Ratra Meenakshi
Published: January 2021

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which make an appearance in Wuhan China and spread globally. Coronavirus is a highly contagious virus, under the family Coronaviridae. SARS-CoV-2 causes respiratory breathing problems and can be transmitted through close contact, respiratory droplets and aerosol transmission. The binding of the structural spike proteins with the human ACE2 receptors plays a key role to initiate the event and severe complication of the disease. Clinical manifestation includes high fever, cough and dyspnoea. At present, there is no specific therapeutic strategy is available against the virus, only supportive care and management may be provided to the patients. In this review, we mainly focus and analyze the genetic morphology, pathogenesis and the therapeutic intervention. We further discuss the future perspective to confront with this viral epidemic.
Effect of Garlic and Onions Extract Enriched with Honey Treatment on the Lipid Profile, Biochemical and Hematological Biomarker Status in Healthy Women
Authors: Boulaares Islam  , Derouiche Samir
Published: January 2021

The onion and the garlic are among the oldest cultivated plants, serving as food and medicinal uses. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of honey, onion (Allium cepa) bulb and garlic (Allium sativum) clove extracts on the cardiovascular risque biomarker in healthy women. In a 15 days treatment, 20 women were divided into two groups (n=10), the first group is the group of control (reference) and the other group is women receive aqueous extract of mixt compound (honey, garlic and onions) (test) for 15 days. Some biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed. Results obtained show that Cholesterol (p <0.05), Triglyceride (p <0.01) and serum calcium level were significantly decreased in the test group compared to reference group however, the level of Creatinine was significantly increased (p <0.05) in test group compared to reference group. Our results demonstrated also that there was no significant change (p≥0.05) in all hematological parameters levels in test group compared to reference group. From the results of the study we can conclude that onion, and garlic extracts enriched with bee honey have a protective effect on lipids profile. Thus, onion, and garlic are beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Developing Invasive Weed, Social Spider, Shuffled Frog Leaping, Biogeography-Based, and Harmony Search Optimization Algorithms for the Early Prediction of Residential Building’s Cooling Load Simulation
Authors: Moayedi Hossein , Mosavi Amir
Published: January 2021

Regarding the high efficiency of metaheuristic techniques in energy performance analysis, this paper scrutinizes and compares five novel optimizers, namely biogeography-based optimization (BBO), invasive weed optimization (IWO), social spider algorithm (SOSA), shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), and harmony search algorithm (HSA) for the early prediction of cooling load in residential buildings. The algorithms are coupled with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to adjust the neural parameters that connect the CL with the influential factors. The complexity of the models is optimized by means of a trial-and-error effort, and it was shown that the BBO and IWO need more crowded spaces for fulfilling the optimization. The results revealed that the internal parameters (i.e., biases and weights) suggested by the BBO generate the most reliable MLP for both analyzing and generalizing the CL pattern (with nearly 93 and 92% correlations, respectively). Followed by this, the IWO emerged as the second powerful optimizer with mean absolute errors of 1.8632 and 1.9110 in the training and testing phases. Therefore, the BBO-MLP and IWO-MLP can be reliably used for accurate analysis of the CL in future projects.
Raspberry PI for Kill Mosquitoes by Laser
Authors: Rakhmatulin Ildar
Published: January 2021

More than 700 thousand human deaths from mosquito bites are observed annually in the world. It is more than 2 times the number of annual murders in the world. In this regard, the invention of new more effective methods of protection against mosquitoes is necessary. In this article for the first time, comprehensive studies of mosquito neutralization using machine vision and a 1 W power laser are considered. Developed laser installation with Raspberry Pi that changing the direction of the laser with a galvanometer. We developed a program for mosquito tracking in real. The possibility of using deep neural networks, Haar cascades, machine learning for mosquito recognition was considered. We considered in detail the classification problems of mosquitoes in images. A recommendation is given for the implementation of this device based on a microcontroller for subsequent use as part of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Any harmful insects in the fields can be used as objects for control.
Planning the Future Oral Health Workforce: A Rapid Review of Supply, Demand and Need Models, Data Sources and Skill Mix Considerations
Authors: Balasubramanian Madhan , Hasan Aliya , Ganbavale Suruchi , Alolayah Anfal , Gallagher Jennifer
Published: January 2021

Over the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in oral health workforce planning. The purpose of this review is to examine oral health workforce planning models on supply, demand and needs, mainly in respect to their data sources, modelling technique and use of skill mix. A search was carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for published scientific articles on oral health workforce planning models between 2010 to 2020. No restrictions were placed on the type of modelling philosophy, and all studies including supply, demand or needs based models were included. Rapid review methods guided the review process. Twenty-three studies from 15 different countries were included in the review. A majority were from high income countries (n=17). Dentists were the sole oral health workforce group modelled in 13 studies; only five studied included skill mix (allied dental personnel) considerations. The most common application of modelling was a workforce to population ratio or a needs-based demand weighted variant. Nearly all studies presented weaknesses in modelling process due to the limitations in data sources and/or non availability of necessary data to inform oral health workforce planning. Skill mix considerations in planning models were also limited to horizontal integration within oral health professionals. Planning for the future oral health workforce is heavily reliant on quality data being available for supply, demand and needs models. Integrated methodologies that expand skill mix considerations and account for uncertainty are essential for future planning exercises.
Politics, Pushback, and Pandemics: Challenges to Public Health Orders in the 1918 Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Navarro J. Alexander , Markel Howard
Published: January 2021

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, many state governors faced an increasing number of acts of defiance as well as political and legal challenges to their public health emergency orders. Less well studied are the similar acts of protest that occurred during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic, when residents, business owners, clergy, and even local politicians grew increasingly restless by the ongoing public health measures, defied public health edicts, and agitated to have them rescinded. We explore several of the themes that emerged during the late fall of 1918 and conclude that, although the nation seems to be following the same path as it did in 1918, the motivations for pushback to the 2020 pandemic are decidedly more political than they were a century ago.
The Manchurian Plague and COVID-19: China, the United States, and the “Sick Man,” Then and Now
Authors: Rogaski Ruth
Published: January 2021

In this article, I explore the historical resonances between China’s 1911 pneumonic plague and our current situation with COVID-19. At the turn of the 20th century, China was labeled “the Sick Man of the Far East”: a once-powerful country that had become burdened by opium addiction, infectious disease, and an ineffective government. In 1911, this weakened China faced an outbreak of pneumonic plague in Manchuria that killed more than 60 000 people. After the 1911 plague, a revolutionized China radically restructured its approach to public health to eliminate the stigma of being “the Sick Man.” Ironically, given the US mishandling of the COVID pandemic, observers in today’s China are now calling the United States “the Sick Man of the West”: a country burdened by opioid addiction, infectious disease, and an ineffective government. The historical significance of the phrase “Sick Man”—and its potential to now be associated with the United States—highlights the continued links between epidemic control and international status in a changing world. This historical comparison also reveals that plagues bring not only tragedy but also the opportunity for change.
Defeating JUUL’s Effort to Rewrite San Francisco’s E-Cigarette Regulations
Authors: Sircar Neiloy R. , Glantz Stanton A.
Published: January 2021

In 2019, San Francisco, California, prohibited the sale of electronic cigarettes lacking US Food and Drug Administration authorization. JUUL then promoted a ballot initiative (Proposition C) to replace San Francisco’s e-cigarette legislation with legislation JUUL wrote that required future legislation to be approved by the voters. JUUL promoted Proposition C as a way to reduce youth e-cigarette use while allowing adult choice.

Health groups argued that JUUL’s measure could nullify San Francisco’s prohibition on selling flavored tobacco products. Health groups benefitted from having an established campaign network that recently defended the flavor ban. They successfully framed Proposition C as a tobacco industry ploy to undo San Francisco’s e-cigarette regulations, particularly the prohibition on selling flavored tobacco products. JUUL ended its campaign on September 30, 2019, and the measure failed on election day, with 82% voting against it.

Lessons learned from the campaign include the importance of framing an industry initiative as a threat to local public health lawmaking and the potential for the e-cigarette issue to attract parents as new leaders and engage a powerful constituency to support tobacco control measures.
Monitoring Sexual Violence Trends in Emergency Department Visits Using Syndromic Data From the National Syndromic Surveillance Program—United States, January 2017–December 2019
Authors: D'Inverno Ashley Schappell , Idaikkadar Nimi , Houry Debra
Published: January 2021

Objectives. To report trends in sexual violence (SV) emergency department (ED) visits in the United States.

Methods. We analyzed monthly changes in SV rates (per 100 000 ED visits) from January 2017 to December 2019 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Syndromic Surveillance Program data. We stratified the data by sex and age groups.

Results. There were 196 948 SV-related ED visits from January 2017 to December 2019. Females had higher rates of SV-related ED visits than males. Across the entire time period, females aged 50 to 59 years showed the highest increase (57.33%) in SV-related ED visits, when stratified by sex and age group. In all strata examined, SV-related ED visits displayed positive trends from January 2017 to December 2019; 10 out of the 24 observed positive trends were statistically significant increases. We also observed seasonal trends with spikes in SV-related ED visits during warmer months and declines during colder months, particularly in ages 0 to 9 years and 10 to 19 years.

Conclusions. We identified several significant increases in SV-related ED visits from January 2017 to December 2019. Syndromic surveillance offers near-real-time surveillance of ED visits and can aid in the prevention of SV.
First-Destination Outcomes for 2015–2018 Public Health Graduates: Focus on Employment
Authors: Plepys Christine M. , Krasna Heather , Leider Jonathon P. , Burke Emily M. , Blakely Craig H. , Magaña Laura
Published: January 2021

Objectives. To improve understanding of the future public health workforce by analyzing first-destination employment outcomes of public health graduates.

Methods. We assessed graduate outcomes for those graduating in 2015–2018 using descriptive statistics and the Pearson χ2 test.

Results. In our analysis of data on 53 463 graduates, we found that 73% were employed; 15% enrolled in further education; 5% entered a fellowship, internship, residency, volunteer, or service program; and 6% were not employed. Employed graduates went to work in health care (27%), corporations (24%), academia (19%), government (17%), nonprofit (12%), and other sectors (1%). In 2018, 9% of bachelor’s, 4% of master’s, and 2% of doctoral graduates were not employed but seeking employment.

Conclusions. Today’s public health graduates are successful in finding employment in various sectors. This new workforce may expand public health’s reach and lead to healthier communities overall.

Public Health Implications. With predicted shortages in the governmental public health workforce and expanding hiring because of COVID-19, policymakers need to work to ensure the supply of public health graduates meets the demands of the workforce.
Disrupting the COVID-19 Misinfodemic With Network Interventions: Network Solutions for Network Problems
Authors: Young Lindsay E. , Sidnam-Mauch Emily , Twyman Marlon , Wang Liyuan , Xu Jackie Jingyi , Sargent Matthew , Valente Thomas W. , Ferrara Emilio , Fulk Janet , Monge Peter
Published: January 2021

Amid the COVID-19 global pandemic, a highly troublesome influx of viral misinformation threatens to exacerbate the crisis through its deleterious effects on public health outcomes and health behavior decisions.

This “misinfodemic” has ignited a surge of ongoing research aimed at characterizing its content, identifying its sources, and documenting its effects. Noticeably absent as of yet is a cogent strategy to disrupt misinformation.

We start with the premise that the diffusion and persistence of COVID-19 misinformation are networked phenomena that require network interventions. To this end, we propose five classes of social network intervention to provide a roadmap of opportunities for disrupting misinformation dynamics during a global health crisis. Collectively, these strategies identify five distinct yet interdependent features of information environments that present viable opportunities for interventions.