bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Performance and Modelling of Pressurized Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Sharu Eddy Herman , Ab Razak Mohd Shahrizal
Published: August 2020

This study was conducted at Laman Sayur, Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (MAEPS), to investigate the hydraulic performance of a small-scale drip irrigation system. The modelling was carried out using EPANET software to understand how the drip irrigation system is operated. Model results show that the errors are small, i.e., 2.2% and 3.0% for pressures, and 1.7% for discharge in lateral pipe 1 and lateral pipe 2. The root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE) for discharge were recorded at 0.04 L/h and 0.03 L/h for lateral pipe 1 and 0.04 L/h and 0.02 L/h for lateral pipe 2. RMSE and MBE for pressure were recorded at 0.61 m and 0.68 m for lateral pipe 1, and 0.79 m and 0.68 m for lateral pipe 2, respectively. These results show that the model yields good performance. For hydraulic performance, the field measurement was conducted with four operating pressures: P1 (15.3), P2 (20.4), P3 (25.5), and P4 (28.6) meters. The hydraulic parameters evaluated were the coefficient of uniformity (CU), the emission uniformity (EU), the coefficient of variation (CV), and the emitter flow variation (EFV). The operating pressure during the measurement is constant according to the specified pressure. The results show that CU, CV, and EU are in the excellent classification, and values of CU and EU have more than 95% efficiency. The value for CV is below 0.03, which is excellent. The EFV is 10% when operating at 25.5 m and 15.3 m and is considered desirable. On the other hand, for the 28.6 m and 15.3 m operating pressures, the EFV parameters were recorded at 13.6% and 10.29%, respectively, and are classified acceptable. This study concluded that the operating pressures, P2 (20.4 m) and P3 (25.5 m), were performed under excellent classification for all hydraulic parameters evaluated. Based on the outputs from the model, it is inferred that the existing drip irrigation system at Laman Sayur MAEPS is operated in an over-powered state. With the current pump power consumption, the irrigation system could be operated at a minimum of four times the capacity of the existing irrigation system. To reduce the power consumption, it is suggested that the system is operated at a lower pumping power. This would minimize the operating costs especially for the development of a new drip irrigation system that has the same capacity as the drip irrigation system that is currently being operated at Laman Sayur, MAEPS Serdang.
A GIS-Based Fit for the Purpose Assessment of Brackish Groundwater Formations as an Alternative to Freshwater Aquifers
Authors: Karim Abdullah , Gonzalez Cruz Marangely , Hernandez Elma A. , Uddameri Venkatesh
Published: August 2020

A fit for purpose (FFP) framework has been developed to evaluate the suitability of brackish water resources for various competing uses. The suitability or the extent of unsuitability for an intended use is quantified using an overall compatibility index (OCI). The approach is illustrated by applying it to evaluate the feasibility of the Dockum Hydrostratigraphic Unit (Dockum-HSU) as a water supply alternative in the Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas. The groundwater in Dockum-HSU is most compatible for hydraulic fracturing uses. While the water does not meet drinking water standards, it can be treated with existing desalination technologies over most of the study area, except perhaps near major population centers. The groundwater from Dockum-HSU is most compatible for cotton production, but not where it is currently grown. It can be a useful supplement to facilitate a smoother transition of corn to sorghum cropping shifts happening in parts of the SHP. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), sodium, sulfate, and radionuclides are major limiting constituents. Dockum-HSU can help reduce the freshwater footprint of the Ogallala Aquifer in the SHP by supporting non-agricultural uses. Greater regional collaboration and more holistic water management practices are however necessary to optimize brackish groundwater use.
Çuvaşlar ve Çuvaşça İle İlgili Çalışmalar Üzerine Kronolojik ve İstatistiksel Bir Bibliyografya Denemesi
Authors: FENER Kubilay
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, yurt içi ve yurt dışında pek çok Türkoloğun araştırma konusu olan Çuvaşlar ve Çuvaşça üzerine Türkiye’de yapılmış çalışmalarla Türk Türkologların yurt dışında yayımlamış olduğu çalışmaların altı farklı kategoride istatiksel sonuçları ve aynı zamanda bu çalışmaların kronolojik olarak derli toplu bir şekilde sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Eldeki yazı, giriş ve 3 bölümden oluşmaktadır: Giriş, I. İstatistik, II. Bibliyografya, III. Sonuç. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde Çuvaşların yaşadığı coğrafya ve Çuvaşçanın Türkoloji dünyası için önemi, çalışmanın özü ve amacı hakkında bilgiler verilip makalenin sınırları belirtilmiştir. İstatistik bölümünde hangi çalışmaların hangi kategoriye dahil edildiğine dair bilgi verildikten sonra tespit edilen çalışmalar dil, edebiyat, folklor, din, genel bilgiler ve yayın değerlendirme kategorileri olmak üzere altı başlık altında sınıflandırılmış ve çalışmaların bu kategoriler esasında oranları tablo üzerinde belirtilmiş ve ardından da istatistiklerin sonuçları analiz edilmiştir. Bibliyografya bölümünde, taranan çalışmalar kronolojik bir şekilde sıralanmış, Sonuç bölümünde ise çalışmalar hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Measuring Governance: Developing a Novel Metric for Assessing Whether Policy Environments are Conducive for the Development and Implementation of Nutrition Interventions in Nepal
Authors: Namirembe Grace , Shrestha Robin , Webb Patrick , Houser Robert , Davis Dale , Baral Kedar , Mezzano Julieta , Ghosh Shibani
Published: August 2020

Background: The Nutrition Governance Index (NGI) defines a first standardized approach to quantifying the ‘quality of governance’ in relation to national plans of action to accelerate improvements in nutrition. It was created in response to growing demand for evidence-based measures that reveal opportunities and challenges as nutrition-related policies on paper are translated into outcomes on the ground. Numerous past efforts to measure ‘governance,’ most notably World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) NGI and the separate Hunger and Nutrition Commitment Index (HANCI), both of which lack granularity below the national level and each of which fails to capture pinch points related to necessary cross-sectoral actions. This paper addresses such caveats by introducing an innovative metric to assess self-reported practices of, and perceptions held by, administration officials tasked with implementing government policy at the sub-national level. The paper discusses the development of this metric, its methodology, and explores its application in the context of Nepal. Methods: Conducted as part of a nationally representative longitudinal survey across 21 of Nepal’s 75 districts, the substudy on which this paper is based used data from 520 government and non-government officials at different geographic and administrative tiers of authority. Using robust statistical techniques, structured questionnaire data were condensed into a score using a scale from 0 to 100. Results: Six domains were identified through the analysis: Understanding Nutrition and related responsibilities; Collaboration; Financial Resources; Nutrition Leadership, Capacity, and Support. About half of all health sector representatives achieved a high score (>3 on 5-point scale) compared to representatives in other sectors of government activity (such as agriculture or education) (χ2=12.99, P<.003). The health sector also showed the most improvement in mean NGI score over a two-year follow-up period. Conclusion: This paper shows that self-reported perceptions and behaviors of those responsible for policy implementation can be usefully quantified. The NGI can be used to assess countries’ readiness for the application of nutrition policies.
Ending Neglected Surgical Diseases (NSDs): Definitions, Strategies, and Goals for the Next Decade
Authors: Henry Jaymie A. , Volk Angela S. , Kariuki Sicily K. , Murungi Kiraitu , Firmalo Trina , Masha Ruth Laibon , Henry Orion , Arimi Peter , Mwai Patrick , Waiguru Estella , Mwiti Evans , Okoro Dan , Langat Angella , Mugambi Cosmas , Anastasi Erin , Slinger Gillian , Lavy Chris , Owen Rosalind , Stieber Erin , Suntay Marc Lester , Haddad Danny , Lane Robert , Buenaventura Joel , Parsan Neil , Abdullah Fizan , Nebeker Michael , Nebeker Lismore , Mock Charles , Hollier Larry , Jani Pankaj
Published: August 2020

While there has been overall progress in addressing the lack of access to surgical care worldwide, untreated surgical conditions in developing countries remain an underprioritized issue. Significant backlogs of advanced surgical disease called neglected surgical diseases (NSDs) result from massive disparities in access to quality surgical care. We aim to discuss a framework for a public health rights-based initiative designed to prevent and eliminate the backlog of NSDs in developing countries. We defined NSDs and set forth six criteria that focused on the applicability and practicality of implementing a program designed to eradicate the backlog of six target NSDs from the list of 44 Disease Control Priorities 3rd edition (DCP3) surgical interventions. The human rights-based approach (HRBA) was used to clarify NSDs role within global health. Literature reviews were conducted to ascertain the global disease burden, estimated global backlog, average cost per treatment, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted from the treatment, return on investment, and potential gain and economic impact of the NSDs identified. Six index NSDs were identified, including neglected cleft lips and palate, clubfoot, cataracts, hernias and hydroceles, injuries, and obstetric fistula. Global definitions were proposed as a starting point towards the prevention and elimination of the backlog of NSDs. Defining a subset of neglected surgical conditions that illustrates society’s role and responsibility in addressing them provides a framework through the HRBA lens for its eventual eradication.
Populism and Health Policy in Latin America Comment on "A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe"
Authors: Clark Mary A. , Patterson Amy
Published: August 2020

This commentary focuses on Latin America, a region known for its rich variety of populist politicians and some of the most extensive welfare states in the Global South. Contemporary Latin America offers examples of left-wing and right-wing populist leaders, none of whom demonstrate the same focus on excluding immigrants from welfare state benefits as that noted by Chiari Rinaldi and Marleen Bekker in the European context. We see this contrast not because immigrants’ access to health services is less important in Latin America, but because Latin American populists are more focused on internal "enemies." The commentary concludes with observations regarding Latin American populist leaders’ handling of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Evaluation of waste management using clustering algorithm in megacity Istanbul
Authors: Güleryüz Didem
Published: August 2020

Industrialization and urbanization are increasing with the effect of globalization worldwide. The waste management problems are rising with the rising population rate, industrialization, and economic developments in the cities, which turned into environmental problems that directly affect human health. This study aims to examine waste management performance in the districts located in the city of Istanbul. To ensure that the districts are clustered in terms of the similarities and differences base on waste management. On this occasion, the authorized unit managers of the districts in the same cluster will be able to establish similar management policies and make joint decisions regarding waste management. In addition, the division of districts into clusters according to the determining indicators can provide information about the locations of waste storage centers. Also, these clusters will form the basis for the optimization constraints required to design appropriate logistics networks.

Waste management performance of 39 districts in Istanbul in 2019 was compared by taking into consideration domestic waste, medical waste, population, municipal budget, and mechanical sweeping area. The data were obtained from The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) and Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). One of the non-hierarchical clustering methods, the K-means clustering method, was applied using IBM SPSS Modeler data mining software to determine the relations between 39 districts. As a result, the waste management performance of the districts was evaluated according to the statistical data, similarities and differences were revealed by using the determined indicators.
Çoğul İlaç Dirençli Acinetobacter baumannii İzolatlarının Pulsed-Field Gel Elektroforezis İle Klonal İlişkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: CEYLAN Mehmet Reşat , KARAHOCA Mustafa , KARAGÖZ Alper , ÇIKMAN Aytekin , DURMAZ Rıza
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile, yoğunbakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalardan izole edilen A. baumannii suşlarının antibiyotiklere direnç oranının saptanması ve hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni çoklu ilaç direncine sahip izolatların klonal ilişkisinin, pulsed-field jel elektroforez (PFGE) yöntemi kullanılarak gösterilmesi amaçlandı.
Materyal ve Metod: Bir üniversite hastanesi; Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Yoğunbakım Ünitesi (AYBÜ), Göğüs Hastalıkları Yoğunbakım Ünitesi ve Pediatri Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’ nde Ocak 2010-Ekim 2011 tarihleri ve AYBÜ’de Temmuz-Kasım 2012 tarihleri arasında takip edilen, A. baumanii ile oluşan, Ventilatör İlişkili Pnömoni (VİP) ve Primer Kan Dolaşımı Enfeksiyonu (PKDE) tanısı alan 69 hasta ve aynı sayıda izolat çalışmaya alındı.
Bulgular: Hastaların 63 (%91) tanesi VİP, 6 (%9) tanesi ise PKDE tanısı almıştı. Tüm hastalara YBÜ yatışı boyunca en az iki invaziv girişim uygulanmıştı. Üriner kateterizasyon (%100), mekanik ventilasyon (%94,2) ve periferik venöz kateterizasyon (%91,3) en sık uygulanan invaziv girişimlerdi. Antibiyotik duyarlılıkları imipenem, kolistin ve tigesiklin için E-test, diğer antibiyotikler için disk difüzyonla çalışıldı. Tüm suşlar için en etkili antibiyotik kolistin (%98,6) idi. Daha sonra tigesiklin (%97,1) ve levofloksasin (%69,6) gelmekteydi. Suşların tamamı seftriakson, piperasilin/tazobaktam, meropenem ve imipeneme dirençli bulundu. A. baumannii izolatlarının ApaI ile kesilen genomik DNA’sına yapılan PFGE analizi ile, 69 A. baumannii suşunun 62 (%89,9)’sinin küme içinde olduğu saptandı. Bu suşlar 16 küme içinde yer almakta idi. Suşların 7 (%10,1)’si özgül PFGE profili gösterdi ve suşlar arasında 23 pulsotip saptandı.
Sonuç: Çoğul ilaç dirençli A. baumannii izolatlarının kümeleşme oranının yüksek bulunması ve benzer genotipteki izolatların farklı ünitelerdeki hastalardan izole edilmesi bu bakterinin hastanemiz YBÜ’ lerinde endemik duruma geçtiğinin göstergesidir. Önlem alınmadığı takdirde A. baumannii uzun yıllar boyunca hastanelerde kalabilmekte ve hastalar arasında kolaylıkla bulaş olabilmektedir. Özellikle çapraz bulaşın önlenmesi için enfeksiyon kontrol programlarının gerekliliği ve önemi bir kez daha vurgulandı.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT DENGAN BUDAYA KESELAMATAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT MITRA PARAMEDIKA SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Asda Patria
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang: Rumah sakit sebagai salah satu institusi penyelenggaraan kesehatan dituntut untuk memperhatikan masalah kesehatan. Keselamatan pasien merupakan prioritas untuk di laksanakan karena terkait dengan mutu dan citra perumahsakitan. Mutu pelayanan yang berkualitas dan Patient Safety berakar pada pekerjaan sehari-hari setiap profesional perawatan dalam memberikan pelayanan.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan perawat dengan budaya keselamatan pasien dalam penerapan  Patient Safety di Rumah Sakit Mitra Paramedika Sleman Yogyakarta.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional survey. Jumlah responden sejumlah 25 orang perawat yang di ambil menggunakan teknik total sampling.  Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data di analisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik spearman rankHasil: Sebagian besar responden termasuk kategori pengetahuan baik yaitu sebanyak (52%). Sedangkan sebagian besar termasuk kategori budaya baik yaitu (56%). Hasil uji statistik ditemukan nilai sig 0,000 (p-value<0,05) dengan Correlation Coefficient sebesar 0,680.Kesimpulan : terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan perawat tentang keselamatan pasien dengan budaya keselamatan pasien di Rumah Sakit Mitra Paramedika Sleman Yogyakarta dengan kekuatan korelasi kuat
APPLICATION OF TASITRONS IN CIRCUITS WITH INDUCTIVE ENERGY STORAGE
Authors: Volyar B.
Published: August 2020

Features of generating high voltage in a pulsed or weakly pulsating form for different applications with an inductive energy storage device are considered. High voltage (tens of kilovolts) is generated due to self-induction when the storage is disconnected using a high-voltage tacitron-type switch device from a low-voltage pumping current source (with voltage less than 1 kV). The tacitron is a gas-discharge triode with a dense control grid, which provides initiation of a discharge between the cathode and anode and pumping the storage at a positive voltage, and then disconnecting it from the pumping current source, when a negative voltage of 20-200 V is applied to the grid for the blocking of the electron flow to the anode. Tacitrons are able to turn-off currents from a few to hundreds of amperes in the presence of a high voltage between the cathode and anode that takes a time of the order of 1 μs. Diagrams of changes in time of the current and voltage of the tacitron and the load during the generation of both pulsed and weakly pulsating voltages are considered. In the latter case, an additional storage (filter) capacitor is connected in parallel with the load, supplying the load by energy during the pumping periods of the inductive storage, and a high-speed pulse gas-filled rectifier diode is proposed to use for the dynamic separation of the storage capacitor and tacitron circuits in the said periods. Formulas are given that allow one to evaluate the parameters of the high voltage generation process. It is proposed to use a combined switching device containing tacitron and pulse gas-filled diode in one envelope with a common cathode electrode to simplify the high voltage generator circuit.
Vulnerability Assessment of Water in Landfill Site and Environs: A Case Study of Olusosun in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Makinde E. O. , Paul T. E. , Olatunbosun O. E. , Nwilo P. C.
Published: August 2020

This study assessed the vulnerability of landfill site in Olusosun, Lagos Nigeria using modified DRASTIC (DRASTIC L) model in a geographical information system environment. It also analyzed water samples with a view to determining the amount of trace metals concentrate present. Water samples were collected from different Boreholes and Wells with a radius of 500m to the landfill site. The modified DRASTIC (DRASTIC L) based on eight parameters such as Depth to water, Net recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, Hydraulic conductivity and Distance to landfill site. The vulnerability index was calculated using a sum overlay of the eight parameters. ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to integrate all these parameters together to obtain Boreholes and Wells vulnerable zones I areas. The results showed that out of a total of 228.38 hectares, only about 47.46 hectare was observed to be within the low vulnerable zone having a DRASTIC index range between 113 – 136; while about 130.65 hectares were found to be in the moderately vulnerable zone with a DRASTIC index ranging between 136 and 144. About 50.28 hectares were within the high vulnerability zone having a DRASTIC index range between 144 and 163.Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used for to test the concentrations of the heavy metals in the water samples collected and found that aside the presence of other heavy metals, Chromium was found to be present in most Wells and Boreholes measuring between 0.08 mg/L and 0.43 mg/L which is above the World Health Organization Standard of 0.05 mg/L for drinking water. This study concluded that the groundwater is contaminated and the level of pollution is directly related to the distance from the landfill.
CORRELATION BETWEEN INDICATORS OF LINEAR EVALUATION BY TYPE AND DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY IN SIMMENTAL COMBINED BREED COWS
Authors: Kohut M. , Kaplinskiy V.
Published: August 2020

The correlation indicators between the results of linear evaluation of first-born cows of two lines - Redad and Horror of Simmental combined breed by type and their milk productivity are given. Animals of both lines are characterized mainly by average values ​​of linear characteristics of the type. At the same time, the highest score is given to first-born cows from the Redad line. There is a direct connection between the direction of the linear evaluation and the milk yield of the first-born from the Redad line in terms of height in the buttocks, depth of the torso, and angularity.

Carrying out a linear assessment of the first-born cows of the Simmental combined breed by type allows to identify defects in their exterior, which will further contribute to the effective selection and selection aimed at consolidating herds in accordance with the desired breed characteristics.

The growth of Redad cows was estimated at 5.8 points, and of Horror cows - 4.7 points. Animals from the Redad line had a larger chest width (0.6 points, P <0.01), a deep torso. According to the angularity (severity of the milk type), the animals of both lines received an average score (5 points). The depth of the udder is well expressed in the evaluated animals (6.2 and 6.1 points). Animals from the Horror line received the highest score for anterior udder attachment (P<0.05). Animals of both lines are well muscled, they have evenly placed pelvic limbs and strong hooves.

The studies showed a positive correlation between milk yield and height in the buttocks, body depth, angularity, anterior attachment of the udder in cows from the Redad line. Negative correlation between milking and central ligament, udder depth, teat length, pelvic limb angle.
DISTRIBUTION OF DICTIOCAULOSIS OF CATTLE IN COMMODITY FARMS OF SUMY REGION
Authors: Nahorna L. V. , Risovaniy V. I.
Published: August 2020

The article presents data on the establishment of the spread of dictyocaulosis of cattle in farms of different production facilities of Sumy region. According to researchers, a prominent place among the pulmonary helminthiasis of domestic and wild ruminants belongs to dictyocaulosis. Currently, nematodes are an unresolved problem in cattle farms. The work was performed during 2019 on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Epizootology and Parasitology of Sumy National Agrarian University, as well as in the conditions of livestock farms of Sumy region, which specialize in the production of marketable milk. Feces were collected from animals systematically throughout the year in different seasons, followed by their study by standardized methods of Berman and Orlov. The intensity of the invasion was determined by counting the number of larvae in 1 g of feces at low magnification. Determination of the intensity of contamination of environmental objects by dictyocaul larvae was performed using the method of M.O Romanenko.

In the course of research and analysis of statistical reporting, it was found that dictyocaulosis is one of the three most common invasive diseases diagnosed in cattle in Sumy region. It has been proven that the frequency of diagnosing cases of respiratory pathology of various etiologies has increased in livestock farms that are unfavorable for dictyocaulosis. A clear seasonal dynamics of dictyocaulosis in livestock of different age categories was established: in calves under one year of age, the maximum lesion of Dictyocaulus viviparus was registered in June, with an invasion extent of 69.21%. In calves under two years of age, dictyocaulosis was registered in spring and autumn (the extent of invasion in April was 62.1%, in late September-early October - 51.4%). In a study of cattle older than two years, the highest extent of dictyocaulous invasion was found in spring and autumn, respectively, 59.7% and 35.1%. The peak of the outbreak was recorded in late autumn, in contrast to the animals of younger age categories. The highest intensity of infestation is found in calves under one year of age in summer, in older age groups - in autumn. When determining the contamination of environmental objects with larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus, the highest rates were observed on the vegetation of pastures, near water sources with insufficient levels of insolation. Contamination by larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus of the surface layers of soil and water sources on pastures was lower and amounted to 52.5 and 32.5 %, respectively.
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CATTLE
Authors: Stetsko T. I.
Published: August 2020

In the article a literature review of Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) is presented. Respiratory diseases are considered to be one of the most harmful diseases of cattle, which cause great economic damage for the operators of the cattle industry. The BRD complex is a multifactorial and multi-etiological disease. The BRD complex is a multifactorial and multi-etiological disease. The main factors providing the BRD development are the management status of rearing cattle, the impact of the environment and pathogens. Without neglecting the importance of the first two factors, pathogenic microorganisms remain the major etiological factor of BRD. Respiratory tract infections in cattle are caused by viruses and bacteria, moreover the diseases often develop in an associated form. However, the bacterial factor in the etiology of respiratory diseases plays a main role. Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 is the main pathogen of BRD, which can cause disease as a single etiologic agent and as in association with other pathogens (Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis). In most cases, fibrinous pneumonia or fatal acute pneumonia is often associated with Mannheimia haemolytica. Pasteurella multocida is considered to be a less virulent bacteria than Mannheimia haemolytica, and for a higher level of infection need to initiate the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract of animals. Pathogenic strains of Pasteurella multocida serogroup A are a significant etiologic factor of severe enzootic pneumonia in dairy calves. Respiratory diseases caused by mycoplasma remain one of the serious infectious diseases of cattle. Mycoplasma bovis is the most invasive and dangerous mycoplasma for young cattle. This type of mycoplasma is usually present in the upper respiratory tract of clinically healthy calves who are bacterial carriers. When the zootechnical conditions of brieding and feeding the calves are disturbed and for other stress factors there is an active proliferation of mycoplasmas and they successfully colonize the lower respiratory tract of the animals, causing an inflammatory process in the lungs. Other commensal bacteria of the upper respiratory tract, Histophilus somni, can cause pneumonia that usually occurs in subacute or chronic form. The pathogenic forms of this bacteria are often isolated together with Mannheimia hemolytica. Other opportunistic bacteria (Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydiales spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Corynebacterium bovis) may be etiological factors for the development of BRD. Depending on the etiologic agent, the clinical symptoms of calf bronchopneumonia have some specificity, herewith the degree of lung damage depends on the duration of the disease and the virulence of the pathogen.
PRODUCTIVE EFFECT OF CRUSHED MAIZE GRAIN PRESERVED BY BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS KT-L 18/1 ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS AND GROWTH RATE OF REPLACEMENT HEIFER
Authors: Chumachenko S. P. , Fedak N. M. , Kravchenko N. O.
Published: August 2020

Usage of preserved crushed corn gives the opportunity to grow late and more productive cereals varieties, providing animals with high quality forage year-round.

In the article are shown the results of studies the effect of feeding crushed maize corn with high humidity, preserved by bacterial preparations KT-L 18/1 on the physiological status and productivity of replacement heifer

The studies were conducted on the conditions of SE RF “Obroshyne” in Pustomyty district, Lviv region. Three variants of crushed maize grain with 31.4% moisture content were used: control, without preservation, the first experimental was preserved by chemical preparation - carbon-ammonium salt (CAS), 3% by weight, the second experimental - with the probiotic preparation KT-L 18/1, 8.0 ml per 1 kg of grain. Effect of feeding this grain was studied in three groups of Ukrainian black and white dairy replacement heifer cattle, analogues age and body weight.

Analysis of the chemical composition of maize grain after 70 days storage showed that the content of dry matter in control and experimental variants was 98.3; 98.9 and 100% respectively, so preserving crushed MAIZE grain with 31-32% humidity by KT-L 18/1 at dose of 8.0 ml per 1 kg of grain provides to almost 100% retention of dry matter.

Preservation of crude protein was 96.0%, in the experimental variants its content was higher than in the raw material by 0.31 and 0.16%, respectively. In the variant with CAS probably is due to the presence of ammonium salts, in the variant with KT-L 18/1 - by microbial pool of preparations

It is noted that the feeding replacement heifer crushed maize grain, preserved by KT-L 18/1, in the composition of the grain mixture (15% by weight) does not negatively affect on the morphological parameters their blood. Established tendency to increase the of red blood cells level and the degree of hemoglobin saturation of heifers from experimental variants, which may indicate an increase in the intensity of redox processes. Study of protein spectrum of animals blood serum showed a significant increase in total protein contetnt, albumin and γ-globulin fractions, its indice a normal liver functional condition. Increased albumin concentration in the animals of the experimental variants led to an increase in protein index, which is proof of an efficient proteins metabolism compared to animals n control variant. Shown a direct correlation between the concentration of albumin, the main plastic material in the synthesis of tissue proteins and average daily live weight gain of heifers.

The average daily weight gain in the experimental variants was 528 and 538 g, it was 4.6

and 6.3 % higher than in the control variant (505 g).

The microbial preparation KT-L 18/1 can be used as a preservative for crushed corn with high humidity.
EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVE ON MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS OF COWS WITH KETOSIS
Authors: Shkilnyk O. , Petrukh I. , Ostapiv D. , Kozak M. , Vlizlo V. , Pavlyuk I. , Vezdenko O. , Sekh O. , Ponomarjova S. , Kalynovska L.
Published: August 2020

The article describes the study of mineral metabolism in patients with cow ketosis and during feeding of our developed feed additive, which includes crushed hop cones, vitamin E and protected from cleavage in the rumen amino acids ˗ methionine, choline and carnitine.

In the blood of cows with ketosis, before and after the use of feed additives studied the content of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity, determined the ratio of alkaline phosphatase and total calcium, the concentration of thyroid hormones (parathyroid hormone) and thyroid, thyroid also the amount of ketone bodies in the urine and β-hydroxybutyrate in the blood. It was found that twenty days of feeding cows with ketosis, feed additives leads to a decrease in ketonuria and ketonemia, as well as the normalization of mineral metabolism.

At the end of the experiment, the content of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood of cows increased, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the ratio of ALP / Ca decreased. The normalization of mineral metabolism in cows was also evidenced by its balanced hormonal regulation. The concentration of parathyroid hormone decreased in the blood plasma and calcitonin increased.

According to the results of research, it is established that our proposed feed additive contributes to the normalization of mineral metabolism, and can also be used for prevention and in the complex treatment of cows with ketosis.
Analisa Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Petani Dengan Penerapan Good Agricultural Practices Padi Organik
Authors: Suswadi  , Majasto  , Sutarno  , K Prasetyowati  , Mahananto
Published: August 2020

Organic farming is increasingly being applied to several agricultural commodities, one of which is rice as a rice-producing commodity and as a staple crop of most of Indonesia's population. In addition, the benefits of organic rice for the environment do not damage the environment, do not pollute the environment with synthetic chemicals and increase natural environmental productivity, as well as creating a balanced and sustainable ecosystem. The location of this research was conducted in the Pangudi Bogo farmer group in Dlingo Village, Mojosongo District, Boyolali District. The Pango Bogo group has received certification from the organic seloliman certification body (LESOS) and has consistently met the requirements of the SNI SOP GAP guidelines and the Internal Control System Document (ICS). This research uses descriptive analysis to illustrate the application of organic rice farming SOP-GAP. The influence of internal and external factors on the decision, the application of SOP-GAP and the handling of crop yields was tested using spermant rank correlation analysis. Based on the results of this study. SOP-GAP is a way to cultivate organic rice, which is to plant rice without using chemicals as a supplement or to repel pests and weeds. This SOP_GAP covers the types of maintenance, fertilization, irrigation and pest control activities. Maintenance is generally carried out by farmers by following organic farming instructions. Organic products and one of them is organic rice is a product that is currently of concern to consumers, especially consumers with upper middle economic level. This is because organic products are products that do not contain chemicals which have recently been the subject of discussion that chemicals in food ingredients cause various diseases. For those who have a sufficient economic level, then their attention is focused on health which is currently very expensive. That's why they turned to organic food products.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN STEK LADA (Piper nigrum) DALAM LARUTAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH (AUKSIN)
Authors: Teguh Supriyadi  , Tyas Soemarah K.D  , Endang Suprapti  , Agus Budiyono
Published: August 2020

The research entitled "The Effect of Concentration and Soaking Time of Pepper Cutters (Piper nigrum) in a Solution of Growth Regulatory Substances (auxin)" was carried out. Research was held on April – July 2020 in Green House of Agriculture Faculty, Tunas Pembangunan University, Jl. Balekambang Lor No. 1 Manahan, Surakarta. This study used a factorial experimental method based on a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors as treatment and 3 replications. The first factor, the concentration of growth regulators (auxin) (K), is divided into 3 levels, namely: 100 ppm (K1), 200 ppm (K2) and 300 ppm (K3); while the second factor, immersion time (P), also consists of 4 levels, namely: 2 hours (P1), 2.5 hours (P2), 3 hours (P3) and 3.5 hours (P4). The parameters observed in this study amounted to 9, with details as follows: Number of shoots, number of leaves, length of shoots, fresh and dry weight of shoots, number and length of roots, fresh weight and root dry weight. Based on the results of research on pepper cuttings due to the concentration of growth regulators (auxin) and the duration of immersion, the results showed that: Soaking time had a significant effect on the observed parameters, namely plant length in P2 treatment (2.5 hours). And it did not affect the parameters of the number of shoots, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots, number and length of roots, fresh weight and root dry weight.
Quelle place pour le massage en réanimation ?
Authors: Maffei Pierre
Published: August 2020

La réanimation est l’une des spécialités les plus récentes de la médecine. À l’opposé, le massage est une technique ancestrale de soin pratiquée depuis la nuit des temps en Occident et en Orient, auprès de sujets présentant des douleurs, de la fatigue, du stress ou des désagréments articulaires ou musculaires. Le massage en réanimation peut se concevoir comme un soin « thérapeutique » pratiqué par des professionnels formés aux techniques du massage (masseur-kinésithérapeute, physiothérapeute, massothérapeute), mais on peut l’envisager aussi sur le plan « hygiénique » (bien-être, confort, relaxation) pratiqué par d’autres soignants, des proches ou de la famille. Dans les revues et articles scientifiques, le massage est intégré dans les Complementaries and Alternative Medecine (CAM). Malgré des niveaux de preuves assez faibles, il ressort de ces travaux que le massage aurait des effets bénéfiques sur les patients de réanimation (diminution de la douleur postopératoire, amélioration du bien-être, effet de relaxation, diminution du stress et de la dyspnée, augmentation du débit sanguin et de la qualité du sommeil). Cette mise au point passe en revue de manière chronologique l’ensemble des données concernant l’utilisation du massage dans les différentes disciplines de la réanimation chirurgicale et médicale (cardio-thoracique, vasculaire, neurologique, oncologique et soins intensifs). Les services de réanimations évoluent, ce qui peut laisser entrevoir une modification de la prise en charge du patient vers une implication plus grande des familles, notamment sur l’utilisation du massage en réanimation comme c’est le cas dans certains pays mais aussi déjà dans certaines réanimations pédiatriques et de néonatologie.
PRODUZINDO RUÍDOS NO ENCONTRO COM O OUTRO: UMA ANÁLISE DE GUIA DAS PUTAS E NA CALADA, DE BRUNO FARIA / Making noises on the meeting with the Other: an analyze of Guia das Putas and Na Calada by Bruno Farias
Authors: Da Silva Medeiros Izabella Maria
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa Guia das putas e Na calada, trabalhos artísticos de Bruno Faria, à luz da teoria da cultura de Homi Bhabha, buscando entender para quais sentidos esses trabalhos convergem no tensionamento com a experiência urbana. Para isso, foram realizadas pesquisa documental (de textos, fotos, vídeos) e uma entrevista semiestruturada com o artista estudado.Palavras-chave: Arte contemporânea; Diferença cultural; Arte e experiência urbana; Cidade contemporânea.AbstractThis paper analyses Guia das Putas and Na Calada, Bruno Farias’ collaborative artistic actions, taking as reference Homi Bhabha’s cultural theory. We are trying to understand what kind of meanings these propositions converge in a urban experience tension. For it, we’ve realized a documental research (text, pics, videos), besides a semistructured interview with the artist which we are studying.Keywords: Contemporary Art; Cultural difference; Art and urban experience; Contemporary city.
DORMINHOCOS / Sleepers
Authors: Alves Lindomberto Ferreira
Published: August 2020

Resenha da exposição Dorminhocos, com 98 fotografias da série homônima de Pierre Verger, com curadoria de Raphael Fonseca.
ROSTO EM SUSPENSO: MARCOS INICIAIS DA VIDEOARTE NO BRASIL / Suspended face: video art’smilestones in Brazil
Authors: Scovino Felipe
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa algumas obras iniciais da produção de videoarte no Brasil em meados dos anos 1970, tendo como estudo de caso as produções de Anna Bella Geiger, Letícia Parente e Sonia Andrade. Em particular, o signo de um rosto apagado, ocultado, suspenso ou desfigurado que aparece nas produções analisadas. Sob a perspectiva do conceito de rostidade, de Deleuze e Guattari, o artigo discute as implicações estéticas e políticas que essas produções trazem em um Brasil patriarcal e sob o regime da ditadura militar.Palavras-chave: Anna Bella Geiger; Sonia Andrade; Letícia Parente; Videoarte; Rostidade.AbstractThe paper analyzes some early works of video art production in Brazil in the mid-1970s, taking as case study the productions of Anna Bella Geiger, Letícia Parente and Sonia Andrade. In particular, the sign of an erased, hidden, suspended or disfigured face that appears in theirs productions. Addressing the concept of faciality, by Deleuze and Guattari, the paper discusses the aesthetic and political implications that these productions bring to a patriarchal Brazil under the regime of the military dictatorship.Keywords: Anna Bella Geiger; Sonia Andrade; Letícia Parente; Video Art; Faciality
Formulation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System for Ofloxacin
Authors: Janardhan Dumpeti , Joginapally Sreekanth , V. Bharat , P. Rama Subramaniyan
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system of Ofloxacin. Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial which acts by inhibiting the topoisomerase enzyme which is essential in the reproduction of the bacterial DNA. It is highly soluble in acidic media and precipitates in alkaline media thereby losing its solubility. Hence, a gastroretentive system was developed to enhance the bioavailability by retaining it in the acidic environment of the stomach. Different formulations were formulated using various concentrations of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The formulations were evaluated for quality control tests and all the physical parameters evaluated are within the acceptable limits of Indian Pharmacopoeia. All the formulations were subjected to in-vitro dissolution studies and compared with the marketed formulation. The floating lag time was below 15 seconds for all the formulations except F1 and F2. The floating duration was found to be more than 24 hours in all except F1, F2 and F10. Formulations F7 and F8 were used to study the effect of sodium bicarbonate and formulations F9 and F10 for the effect of hardness on the drug release. Drug release kinetics was studied for prepared formulations and optimized formulation F5 was found to follow zero order kinetics with r2 =0.993. The statistical analysis of the parameters of dissolution data obtained before and after storage for 3 months at 25°C/ 60%RH and 40°C/75%RH showed no significant change indicating the two dissolution profiles were similar.
Development, in vitro and in vivo Evaluations of Solid-Lipid Microparticles based on Solidified Micellar Carrier System for Oral Delivery of Cefepime
Authors: Umeyor Chukwuebuka , Nnadozie Uchechukwu , Attama Anthony
Published: August 2020

This study seeks to formulate and evaluate a solid lipid nanoparticle-based, solidified micellar carrier system for oral delivery of cefepime. Cefepime has enjoyed a lot of therapeutic usage in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections; however, its use is limited due to its administration as an injection only with poor patient compliance. Since oral drug administration encourage high patient compliance with resultant effect in improved therapy, cefepime was formulated as solid lipid microparticles for oral delivery using the concept of solidified micellar carrier system. The carrier system was evaluated based on particle yield, particle size and morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE %), and thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Preliminary microbiological studies were done using gram positive and negative bacteria. In vitro release study was performed using biorelevant media, while in vivo release study was performed in white albino rats. The yield of solid lipid microparticles (SLM) ranged from 84.2 – 98.0 %. The SLM were spherical with size ranges of 3.8 ± 1.2 to 42.0 ± 1.4 µm. The EE % calculated ranged from 83.6 – 94.8 %. Thermal analysis showed that SLM was less crystalline with high potential for drug entrapment. Microbial studies showed that cefepime retained its broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity. In vitro release showed sustained release of cefepime from SLM, and in vivo release study showed high concentration of cefepime released in the plasma of study rats. The study showed that smart engineering of solidified micellar carrier system could be used to improve oral delivery of cefepime.
Screening, Fabrication and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms using P-Glycoprotein Modulators
Authors: Vedamurthy Joshi , Inamdar Shivakumar , Acharya Ankit , Kowti Rajesh
Published: August 2020

In this project, in vitro absorption enhancement activity of P-gp substrates Fexofenadine (Fx) and Ciprofloxacin (Cp) were evaluated in everted rat gut sac model and Caco-2 cell lines. Verapamil was used as P-gp inhibitor. Piper betel, Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zeylanica, Trikatu, Moringaoleifera, Murraya koenigii,  Ferulafoitida  Zingiber officinale, Cheilocostus speciosus, Capsicum frutescens Operculina turpethum Holarrhena antidysenterica Mesuaferrea, Tinospora cordifolia,  and Picrorhiza kurroa, were selected and extracted with 99% alcohol and fresh juices of Citrus limon, Punica granatum seeds were also studied. In-vitro studies depicted that Fexofenadine and Ciprofloxacin absorption was increased greater than 20% in the presence of Operculinaturpethum, Capsicum frutescens, Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Tinospora cordifolia, Trikatu, Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zeylanica. The flux of the ciprofloxacin transport was in the range of 9-23 mcg/min and Papp         2.6 × 10-5 cm/sec to 4.1 × 10-5  cm/sec whereas Fexofenadine flux was in the range of 2-7.7 mcg/min and Papp 4.16 × 10–6 cm/sec to 1.62 ×       10-5 cm/sec.  In vitro antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin on selected microbes in presence of extracts also depicted synergistic activity. Histological studies revealed that there is no significant variation observed in the isolated sac in presence of the extracts. CaCo2 cell lines studies showed that, formulation enhanced the absorption of fexofenadine greater than 50%. Tablets were prepared and evaluated using the plant extracts which yielded >20% absorption enhancement of the substrates. In conclusion, tablet formulation containing the alcoholic extracts of Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zylanicum, Capsicum frutescens, Operculina turpethum, Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Tinospora cordifolia and Trikatu can act as an absorption enhancer for fexofenadine and ciprofloxacin. The mechanism of action of these herbs could be due to    P-gp inhibition. Further clinical studies are needed to prove its efficacy in humans.
Solubility Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs
Authors: Deshmukh Amol S , Tiwari Kundan J , Mahajan Vijay R
Published: August 2020

Solubility is the phenomenon of dissolution of solid in liquid phase to give a homogenous system. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for optimum pharmacological response. Poorly water-soluble drugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Poor aqueous solubility is a major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities. There are over 40% of new chemical entities that exhibit poor solubility and low bioavailability. As per BCS classification system, these drugs comes under BCS class II that show poor solubility and high permeability. The bioavailability of these drugs can be dramatically improved by increasing the solubility of these drugs. This review article highlights a number of techniques for enhanc