bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DISCIPLINA DE ARTE NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: ABANÇOS OU RETROCESSOS?
Authors: Fiorante Flávia Baccin , Lima Thays Caroline , Melo Bruna Cristina da Silva Oliveira de
Published: February 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar como quatro professores de uma Escola Estadual e quatro professores de uma Escola Particular de Ensino Fundamental de duas escolas do interior do Estado de SP trabalham com os componentes da disciplina de Arte previstos pela BNCC. Como procedimento metodológico foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como recurso metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica juntamente com a pesquisa de campo, esta composta por um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. O método de pesquisa em formato de questionário com as professoras revelou que as mesmas reconhecem o papel e os objetivos do Ensino da Arte nas escolas, mas ao mesmo tempo não conseguem identificar com precisão quais seriam as quatro grandes linguagens artísticas e de quais maneiras poderiam ser exploradas dentro da sala de aula.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MILITARY
Authors:   Baku State University, Mobil Khankishiyeva Leyla
Published: February 2021

Considered to be the fourth Industrial Revolution, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has contributed to substantial economic growth in recent years and, as ever-increasing levels of investment and expertise are entering the sector, further growth is expected. The number of AI applications is bound to increase in the future. Businesses and academics have contributed to the growth of AI to date. Military implementations have lagged behind, but as these technologies mature, they will be used in a growing number of military systems. Military institutions around the world are looking forward to technologies, hoping that this revolutionary technology will help them solve their limitations or provide a new form of overlap. Moreover, world leaders, such as Obama, Trump, Putin and etc, have all made significant remarks that illustrate the role of AI, which can be summed up in what Putin said in September 2017: whoever becomes AI leader will dominate the world. Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Human Role in Military Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Weapons
Pedagogical principals of teaching the social skills to little school aged autistic children
Authors:   Lənkəran Dövlət Universiteti, Ibrahim Aliyeva Kamala
Published: February 2021

The article called "Pedagogical principals of teaching the social skills to little school aged autistic children" deals with the ways of teaching social skills to the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In the begining of 20 th century teaching the social skills to the children who fell behind their peers in terms of psychological development began to improve. Following this, some approaches appeared and played a significant role in the development of children in this regard. In education process, besides prossesing academic knowledge, teaching social skills is important for these children to be able to live independitly (without dependence on anyone) in the society and behave in the frame of social norms. The explanation of learning social skills is noted, based on different theoretical aspects in the article and this facilitates teaching process of social skills. Key words: social skills, social learning, direct learning, learning theories, autism, little school age period, social performance
THE ROLE OF COMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING(CLT) AND SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE TEACHING (SLT) IN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors:   Kokand State Pedagogical Institute  (Republic of Uzbekistan), Murotjonovich Usmonov Giyosiddin , Khursanalievich Shadmanov Sherzod ,   Kokand State Pedagogical Institute  (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Published: February 2021

In this article the role of communicative and situational language teaching approaches is discussed. It is also discussed that different learning purposes compared with the traditional language teaching and learning, for example, Computer-aided language teaching and learning is both a big challenge and also a benefit to educators, as well as to communicative language teaching and situational language teaching. Key words: Communicative Language Teaching, Situational Language Teaching, approach, linguistic competence, communicative proficiency, specific interaction, language-speaking environment and situations
The role of gender inequality in the emergence and persistence of the problem of early marriage
Authors:   Azərbaycan Turizm və Menecment Universiteti, Azim Azimova Sabina
Published: February 2021

Thus, such a conclusion can be come in the end on this problem. Prohibitions in both international documents and national legislation of the countries play a role in solving the problem, but not enough. As can be seen, in most cases, early marriage is the result of traditions and ways of thinking. It is this way of thinking that creates gender stereotypes, and gender stereotypes create gender inequality by being supported by gender roles. This creates problems for girls' education, economic and political participation, and girls are discriminated against as domestic creatures and subject to early marriage. Accordingly, in most cases, these girls, who are uneducated and uninformed, marry their children early in the future and the problem of early marriage continues in this way, taking the form of cause-and-effect, and effect-and-cause. Key words: marriage, early marriage, inequality, gender inequality, minimum age
EKSISTENSI PROGRAM PENDAFTARAN TANAH SISTEMATIS LENGKAP (PTSL) DALAM MENCEGAH TERBITNYA SERTIPIKAT GANDA DI KANTOR PERTANAHAN KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Made Emy Andayani Citra  , I Made Sudirga
Published: February 2021

Land is a very important thing for human survival, this is important because land is usually used to build buildings on it such as buildings, offices, housing and others. Land is important because it is used as a source of livelihood, which is land used as agriculture, animal husbandry, plantations and others. As the population grows, the need for land for residential needs and development needs is increasing, while the area of ​​land is relatively fixed. Although land has many benefits, land can also trigger disputes between people and others, because every human being wants to control the land owned by someone else due to the natural resources contained therein, or because of the value that can be generated from the land.With the increasing number of disputes that occur due to the land, there needs to be a breakthrough in handling it, so that with the issuance of the Systematic Complete Land Registration (PTSL) program it is very feasible to do to at least minimize the land dispute.
Application of herbal means "Sinudafen" in complex treatment of acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Garyuk Grigory I, , Garyuk Oleg G.
Published: February 2021

Relevance: The urgency of the problem of treatment of acute viral rhinosinusitis stems from the frequency of the incidence of this pathology and the use of various treatments, among which the greatest concern is the unwarranted appointment of antibacterial therapy.
The combination of Sinudafen extracts allows to normalize the secretion and viscosity of mucus by stimulating the secretory cells of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, reduce swelling in the area around the sinuses and restore drainage, detect anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, antiviral and antiviral effects.
The purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the use of herbal Sinudafen.
Results and discussion: The study involved 94 patients with acute rhinosinusitis. Some patients with appropriate symptoms had to be prescribed antibacterial therapy. Thus, according to the results of the appointment of antibacterial therapy, we obtained a distribution when calculating the statistical significance of the results of such a distribution P = 0.043 (<0.05). That is, the reduction in the number of prescriptions of antibacterial therapy in patients where Sinudafen was used in the treatment was statistically significant.
Objective assessment of the degree of dysfunction of nasal breathing was performed using anterior active rhinomanometry (PARM).
Assessment of subjective sensations was performed using a visual - analog scale for four main symptoms of the disease: nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial pain, loss of smell.
Conclusions: The use of Sinudafen in the complex treatment of acute rhinosinusitis accelerates the dynamics of the disappearance of its symptoms such as rhinorrhea and facial pain. The use of Sinudafen in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis significantly reduces the frequency of antibacterial therapy.
Effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organisations’ Activities in Basic Education in Supporting School Dropped Out Girls in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania
Authors: Kassanga Ezekiel , Lekule Chrispina
Published: February 2021

This study examined NGOs' effectiveness in supporting teenage mothers who dropped out of schools due to pregnancy to accomplish basic education out of the public school system in Tanzania using Shinyanga region as a case study. The study employed a mixed approach whereby the study population included 10 NGOs, 20 teenage mothers who are supported by NGOs and 20 parents/guardians of the supported teenage mothers. For the purpose of investigation; interviews, questionnaires and documents review were used as instruments. The results of this study indicated that most of the NGOs activities’ such as sensitisation, sponsorship, provision of learning materials and running of learning centres, among others are generally ineffective in enabling the ever-increasing teenage mothers to accomplish basic education out of public school system. Its consequence is the fact that most teenage mothers are left under the plight of ignorance. Thus, recommendations are made for the government, NGOs, parents and community members to admit the fact that pregnancy among school girls is not a crime against morality but a tragedy for girls hence deliberate remedies should be done for enabling them to access basic education after delivery because educating a girl is to educate the nation.
Sepsis-Associated Cholestasis: The Impact of Mitochondrial Dysfunction (A Case Report)
Authors: Noroozi Behzad , Hadi Ali , Shahrami Bita , Ardabili Ayda , Yoonesi Fatemeh , Emami Kaveh , Sharifnia Hamid , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Hyperbilirubinemia – a condition of elevated serum bilirubin above the reference
range, is common in hospitalized patients. The reasons for the increase in the bilirubin level can
be pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic. Sepsis is one of the most important causes of
hyperbilirubinemia in critically ill patients.
Case report: We present a 30-year-old woman with no past medical and drug history who was
admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to multiple trauma and fractures due to a fall from
height. During the ICU stay, the patient developed jaundice with a high increase in the bilirubin
level. A diagnosis of sepsis-associated cholestasis was considered after ruling out other possible
pathologies. The hyperbilirubinemia improved with the early management of sepsis concomitant
supportive medical therapy.
Conclusion: Early recognition and treatment of sepsis as a cause of cholestasis should be
considered in ICU patients. Drugs targeting mitochondrial function would provide rapid hepatic
recovery reducing complications and mortality.
Keywords: Cholestasis, Critical illness, Hyperbilirubinemia, Liver failure, Sepsis
Doppler-Guided Hemorrhoid Artery Ligation with Recto-Anal Repair Outcome on Female Patients in Basra: Assessment Study
Authors: Leabi Ohood , Abed Alaa , Al-Maliki Wafa
Published: February 2021

Background: Hemorrhoidal disease is a common morbidity seen by general surgery clinics. Transanal Doppler
guided (DG) hemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL) with rectoanal repair (RAR) has been invented as a new treatment
option. HAL-RAR was associated with mild to moderate postoperative complications in the literatures; and
considered easy, safe, mostly painless procedure with very good results in treating hemorrhoids.
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of using DG-HAL-RAR procedure through
documenting postoperative complications during a median follow-up period of 18 months.
Method: The study included 151 women presented with hemorrhoids in Basra, operated upon using the DG-HALRAR and complications assessed.
Results: The patients’ mean age was 40–99 years. Most of the hemorrhoids were internal plus external (86.1%), of
third degree (68.2%) and non-recurrent (90.1%). The surgical management needed an average of 6 ligations and 3
mucopexies. During the follow up periods, the most frequent complication was early bleeding, while the least was
hemorrhoids recurrence.
Discussion: During the follow up period, the postoperative complications were early bleeding, early pain, urine
retention, late bleeding, anal stenosis, and hemorrhoids recurrence, the incidence of which were similar or close to
the incidence of documented by other studies, except for early bleeding which was much higher than in our study.
Some complications, reported by other studies,were not reported in this study.
Conclusions: DG-HAL-RAR procedure can be used effectively and safely in second or third degree hemorrhoids.
Keywords: Hemorrhoidectomy, Anal surgery, DG-HAL-RAR, Basra
ACCEPTANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINE AMONG GENERAL
POPULATION IN IRAQ
Authors: Ghazi Hasanain , Taher Taqi , Alfadhul Shaymaa , Al-Mahmood Sumayah , Hassan Shaimaa , Hamoudi Tamathir , Raheema Rana
Published: February 2021

COVID19 emerged as one of the biggest global public health crises in recent history. Many pharmaceutical companies have raced against time to develop a vaccine, so that the pandemic can be brought under control. The aim of the current study was to assess the acceptance of the COVID19 vaccine among the general population in Iraq. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1069 respondents from different states of Iraq using questionnaires administered online. Though a total of 77.6% of the respondents agreed to take the COVID19 vaccine when available, a majority (64.3%) said they would wait for some time before taking the vaccine. Around two-thirds agreed to pay a price for the vaccine and the majority (48.6%) preferred the Oxford (AstraZeneca) vaccine. There was a significant association between age, working status, educational level, having family members infected with COVID19 and taking flu vaccine before with acceptance of Covid19 vaccine with P value (<0.001, <0.001, <0.001,0.05, <0.001) respectively. Overall, there is high acceptance willingness among the general population to pay for COVID19 vaccine, once it is available. More education and promotion are needed to assure the public that the vaccine is effective and safe.

Keywords: Vaccine, Acceptance, COVID-19, Iraq.
Phytotherapy for colorectal cancer: about some phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action]
Authors:   Universidad del Quindio, Landazuri Patricia , Restrepo Beatriz ,   Universidad del Quindio, Loango Nelsy ,   Universidad del Quindio
Published: February 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is very common in both men and women. Phytochemicals such as polysaccharide alkaloids, polyphenols, diterpenoids among others, have been used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The mechanisms of action of these compounds on cancer cells include molecular targets in the apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. At the level of the whole organism, they improve the intestinal microbiota, which plays an important role in the initiation and progression of CRC. Recent research is aimed at obtaining and modifying phytochemicals to improve their effectiveness, safety and their inclusion in functional foods, but more studies are needed to validate their properties.
A Systematic Review of Patient and Family Violent Behaviour in Saudi Arabian Emergency Units.
Authors: Ali AlShehri
Published: February 2021

violence at workplace instigated by patient or family. This gradually had significant impact on nurses’ jobsatisfaction and security at work or affected their performance. Often this behaviour has been found to beprecipitated by certain factors.Aim: Aim of this review is to assess the different factors causing violent behaviours among patients andtheir families towards nurses in Emergency units and to suggest possible management strategies in reducingsuch behaviours as well as assess its implications for Saudi Arabian nurses.Methodology: This review considers selected studies related to violent behaviour of patients and theirfamily’s in emergency units of Saudi Arabia. It examines evidence of such factors identified by differentstudies including overcrowding, waiting times, communication, and inability to meet patient’s needs andstaff shortages among others.Findings: Findings from review indicate that strong policies are required to ensure patient overcrowdingin Saudi Arabian emergency units. Most patients consider ED as their first point of call whether it is anemergency or not, thereby causing overcrowding and posing threat of staff shortage in such areas comparedto primary healthcare centres and hospitals.Conclusions: Further studies recommend understanding reporting system for patients’ violent behaviourin Saudi Arabia, and effectiveness of policies and actions taken to address such behaviours, which couldprotect nurses at their workplace. The study is limited to studies of nurse’s perception of violent behaviour,without considering patient’s data and their perception on such behaviour.
A Systematic Review of Patient and Family Violent Behaviour in Saudi Arabian Emergency Units
Authors: Ali AlShehri
Published: February 2021

Background: Nurses working in emergency departments in Saudi Arabian hospitals have been affected by

violence at workplace instigated by patient or family. This gradually had significant impact on nurses’ job

satisfaction and security at work or affected their performance. Often this behaviour has been found to be

precipitated by certain factors.

Aim: Aim of this review is to assess the different factors causing violent behaviours among patients and

their families towards nurses in Emergency units and to suggest possible management strategies in reducing

such behaviours as well as assess its implications for Saudi Arabian nurses.

Methodology: This review considers selected studies related to violent behaviour of patients and their

family’s in emergency units of Saudi Arabia. It examines evidence of such factors identified by different

studies including overcrowding, waiting times, communication, and inability to meet patient’s needs and

staff shortages among others.

Findings: Findings from review indicate that strong policies are required to ensure patient overcrowding

in Saudi Arabian emergency units. Most patients consider ED as their first point of call whether it is an

emergency or not, thereby causing overcrowding and posing threat of staff shortage in such areascompared

to primary healthcare centres and hospitals.

Conclusions: Further studies recommend understanding reporting system for patients’ violent behaviour

in Saudi Arabia, and effectiveness of policies and actions taken to address such behaviours, which could

protect nurses at their workplace. The study is limited to studies of nurse’s perception of violent behaviour,

without considering patient’s data and their perception on such behaviour.
A new and efficient methodology for olefin epoxidation catalyzed by supported cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: Rossi-Fernández Lucía , Dorn Viviana , Radivoy Gabriel
Published: February 2021

A new heterogeneous catalytic system consisting of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) supported on MgO and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant is presented. This CoNPs@MgO/t-BuOOH catalytic combination allowed the epoxidation of a variety of olefins with good to excellent yield and high selectivity. The catalyst preparation is simple and straightforward from commercially available starting materials and it could be recovered and reused maintaining its unaltered high activity.
Adecuación de los conjuntos inmobiliarios. / Adaptacion of real state complexes.
Authors: Berrotarán Ignacio
Published: February 2021

El nuevo CCCN ha establecido nuevas estructuras legales para la Propiedad Horizontal y sus modalidades, y en lo concerniente a los barrios privados y otros emprendimientos urbanísticos, que están funcionando de hecho sin estructura legal, ordena su adecuación a dichas estructuras. Para facilitar este mandato del legislador sería muy conveniente incorporar al CCCN algunos principios básicos que prevean soluciones a los conflictos entre estos derechos reales y los derechos administrativos locales.

ABSTRACT:

 The new CCCN has established new legal structures for Horizontal Property and its modalities, and with regard to private neighborhoods and other urban development, which are in fact operating without legal structure, orders their adaptation to these structures. To facilitate this mandate of the legislator it would be very convenient to incorporate into the CCCN some basic principles that foresee solutions to the conflicts between these real rights and local administrative rights.
Influence of parasitic invasions on the values of malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin in horses
Authors:   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Pilip Larisa V. , Byakova Olga V. ,   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Kazakova Maria E. ,   Vyatka State Agricultural Academy
Published: February 2021

Parasitic invasions in horses often cause metabolic disorders and have a negative impact on their health and performance. The purpose of this research was to study the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in horse helminthiases, as well as following the deworming with a drug containing the antioxidant santoquine. The intensity of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection was determined in horses with different degrees of invasion by concentrations of malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin accumulated in the blood. The studies have revealed that the concentration of malondialdehyde, the end product of free radical oxidation of cell membrane phospholipids, depends on the intensity of infestation with intestinal nematodes. In horses infested with paraskaris and intestinal strongylata, a significant accumulation of malondialdehyde was by 18.2% higher as compared to uninfected animals. The level of ceruloplasmin was significantly lower – by 21.8% in animals with a moderate degree of invasion as compared to clinically healthy animals. To neutralize free radicals the antioxidant santoquine was used. Effective deworming by means of using santoquine reduced the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, which resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of malondialdehyde by 22.1% and an increase in the level of ceruloplasmin against the background of the lower rate of free radical oxidation by 25.8%.
Research of the reducing substances and pH yield kinetics of the wheat straw hydrolysates
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Loginova Irina V. , Kharina Maria V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: February 2021

In low-acid hydrolysis, the temperature, pH, pressure, and the type of hydrolyzed material can have a significant effect on the yield of reducing sugars. The active acidity of the medium can undergo significant changes under the influence of the reaction products. The processes of hydrolytic decomposition can be facilitated by acetic acid, which is formed during the deacetylation of hemicelluloses, as well as the ability of natural biomass to neutralize acids. The level of neutralization potential (buffer capacity) depends on the type of biomass. The influence of the pH on the yield of reducing substances in the process of hydrolysis of wheat straw with dilute sulfurous acid in a wide temperature range is envistigated. The choice of optimal conditions for the release of reducing sugars is complicated by the need to compare the hydrolysis regimes with several interrelated parameters. In order to analyze the influence of different factors, a comparative assessment of the process conditions was carried out, under which the maximum yield of reducing substances was achieved in each series of experiments. The studies have shown that the initial stage of the process is characterized by a decrease in the actual pH level in hydrolysates, and the greatest change is observed in liquid autohydrolysis products. The pH of hydrolysates, depending on the process mode, varies in the range from 1.26 to 4.1, but the highest yield of reducing substances corresponds to pH values of about 2. It is shown that dimensionless values of the maximum concentrations of reducing substances graphically correspond to the given values of the medium.
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on plant biochemical properties
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Zelenkov Valery N. , Lapin Anatoly A. ,   ANO Development Strategies Institute, Latushkin Vyacheslav V. ,   Kazan Energy University, Karpachev Vladimir. V. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Rapeseed
Published: February 2021

Depletion of the ozone layer leads to increased ultraviolet radiation, which affects the growth and functioning of plants and leads to their various physiological, biochemical, morphological and ultrastructural changes. When studying the effect of ultraviolet radiation on seed sowing qualities and biometric indicators of morphological organs of plants of various cultures, scientists did not come to a consensus on the optimal parameters of its effects. For seeds of each plant variety, there is an optimal amount of energy absorbed, resulting in a maximum effect. Ecologically significant low ultraviolet radiation changes the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and plant antioxidant systems by increasing enzyme regulation. The relevance of studies in this direction is obvious, as it allows you to stimulate the germination of seeds with physical influences, increasing their laboratory and field germination. The authors obtained and published new data on comparison of sown, crop and antioxidant properties of seeds and seedlings, seed viability, microzelenium biomass formation and change of total antioxidant activity of vegetable crops after thermodehydration. As a continuation of these studies, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the biochemical properties of plants. The total antioxidant activity of sugar beet and nougat sprouts in the experiment increased under the influence of stress ultraviolet radiation. Compared to control samples (germination according to GOST in the dark), under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, antioxidant activity increases by 11.4-17.4% otn. Ultraviolet radiation is damaging factors of plant growth and development, which is manifested at different stages of ontogenesis. Thus, sowing properties are reduced (germination of sugar beet seeds is less than control by 18%, in nougat seeds by 12%), above-ground biomass at the end of the germination period is less by 49.0% in sugar beet and by 16.5% in Abyssinian nougat. Resistance to the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation depends on the genetic nature of the plant: in the experiment, the sprouts of the Abyssinian nuga turned out to be more resistant.
Quantum-chemical study of mechanisms of benzamide and benzenesulfonamide reactions with 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid chloride in the gas phase
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Kochetova Ludmila B. , Kustova Tatyana P. ,   Ivanovo State University, Kruglyakova Al’ona A. ,   Ivanovo State University
Published: February 2021

Quantum-chemical simulation of mechanisms of 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid chloride interactions with benzoic and benzenesulfonic acids amides in the gas phase was carried out by calculating the three-dimensional potential energy surfaces of these reactions (DFT//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level). It was found that in both of the processes considered, a single route can be realized containing a single saddle point and starting as an axial attack of the nucleophile. Further approach of the reagent molecules proceeds with a decrease in the angle of nucleophilic attack to ≈ 130o in the reaction transition state and ≈ 100o – in the reaction product – sulfonamide. It was shown that the studied reactions proceed according to the bimolecular concerted mechanism of nucleophilic substitution SN2, which implies the formation of a single transition state along the reaction pathway. It was found that the geometric structure of the reaction centers in the transition states of the processes is intermediate between the trigonal bipyramid and the tetragonal pyramid, which is explained by the change in the angle of nucleophilic attack when the reagent molecules approach each other. It was found that in benzamide sulfonylation reaction, a cyclic transition state is formed, in which the forming and loosening bonds lie in the same plane, and the H-Cl distance corresponds to the length of the hydrogen bond. In benzenesulfonamide reaction with 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, the transition state is not cyclic. The activation energies of the reactions are calculated; they were 155 kJ/mol in the benzamide sulfonylation reaction and 150 kJ/mol in the process with the participation of benzenesulfonic acid amide. The closeness of the obtained values is associated with the similar structure of the amide and sulfamide groups containing electrophilic centers near the amino groups. A significant difference in the rate constants of the studied reactions, which was found earlier, when they occur in aqueous dioxane, is explained by the features of –CONH2 and –SO2NH2 groups specific solvation and the contribution of the entropy factor to the reaction rate: the cyclic transition state of the benzamide reaction with 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride is more ordered in comparison with a non-cyclic transition state of the reaction with benzenesulfonamide participation, which can promote faster occurence of the first process.
Oil, gas industry of Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Abdo Hamud Sh aalan Mohamed , Ak hmedyanova Raisa A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: February 2021

The review of the oil and gas industry in Saudi Arabia is Conducted. Data on oil and gas reserves, consumption, and exports are provided. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest non-FTI producers in the Russian Federation among the non-FTI exporters (OPEC). BL agodarya mirovym za pasam not FTI, one of the most important ones in the world, but the one with the most inquisitive in the field of energy from rasli, Saudi Arabia, is the largest exporter of oil. The data on oil reserves of the largest fields, including the largest in the world of the terikovoye non-oil field of Gavar are presented. Saudi Arabia occupies the fifth place in the world in the field of natural gas passes, with a volume of 294 trillion cubic feet, and the third place in the field of natural gas passes in the Far East. Saudi Arabia they EET de nine EXT morning not preparatively for waste water treatment, of which four PR andlegal Saudi Aramco and the OS the rest of the floor joint PR Adbrite with to foreign companies. The largest oil and gas companies represented in SaudiI Arawia are named, in particular: Saudi Aramco, Saudi Shell, Saudi Exxon Mobil, Saudi Chevron, Total, Eni, Sinopec, Sumitomo. It is shown that Saudi Ar amco is a non-state oil company of Saudi Arabia, the largest in the world in terms of oil production and oil reserves. The company also controls natural gas production in the country. Saudi Aramco is a national non-oil company Of the Saudi Aravia, which is responsible for non-oil and gas operations throughout the Kingdom. Recently, the main goal is to use unconventional gas sources, namely shale gas production. Currently, the company Saudi Aramco has more than 16 drilling rigs for the extraction of shale gas. By the end of 2020, the company is expected to extract 3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day.
Corrosion behavior of AH-36 steel in seawater
Authors:   Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Nguyen Van Chi , Cao Nhat Linh ,   Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Dong Van Kien ,   Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Le Hong Quan ,   Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Mai Van Minh ,   Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Nong Quoc Quang ,   Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Zyablov Alexander N. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: February 2021

In the present work, the corrosion behavior of AH-36 steel in 3% NaCl aqueous solution and natural seawater was studied using a three-electrode cell, Autolab PGSTAT 204N, and Nova 2.0 software by electrochemical methods. It has been established that after contact of the steel with chloride-containing media, the open circuit potential of steel shifts sharply to the negative region, which indicates a decrease in the corrosion resistance of steel in chloride-containing media. In seawater, the stabilization of the open circuit potential is observed within 60 min, and in NaCl solution – 120 min. The constant value of the open circuit potential of steel in seawater is in a more negative range compared to the constant value of the open circuit potential of steel in NaCl solution. In order to study the kinetics of the corrosion process of steel, polarization curves were obtained in the potentiostatic mode. It is shown that the corrosion potentials and currents of the samples decrease over time and tend to constant values. In all cases, the corrosion process in seawater occurs and stabilizes (within 20 min) faster than in NaCl solution. The anode Tafel coefficient takes a value in the range of 0.1-0.2 V, which may indicate the same mechanism of the anodic process. As a result of full-scale tests (Nha Trang, Vietnam), it can be seen that the steel samples are strongly susceptible to corrosion at the initial stage and over time the corrosion rate decreases and tends to a constant value (0.27 g/m2.h). This is due to the sample surface passivation during corrosion tests.
Hydrogen bonds in molecular crystals alanine and tyrosine: NBO analysis
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Volkova Tatiana G. , Abdukhalimova Iroda Mamirjon kizi ,   Ivanovo State University, Talanova Irina O. ,   Ivanovo State Medical Academy
Published: February 2021

At present, the theoretical concepts of the hydrogen bond (H-bond) in condensed media, for example, in living systems, biomolecules, are not fully solved. Quantum chemical modeling is used as one of the methods for studying the nature and determining the strength of the H-bond. In this paper, we continue to study the system of hydrogen bonds in molecular crystals of alanine and tyrosine. The dimers of these amino acids were modeled using the DFT method using the B97D functional with bases 6-31++G**. In the framework of NBO analysis, the stabilization energies of the formed hydrogen bond and the value of the transferred charge are calculated. It is shown that in alanine dimers, the main factor affecting the h-bond stabilization energy is the geometric parameters and, first of all, (N-H...O). The binding σ-orbital of the hydrogen bond is the result of the interaction of a hybrid NBO of the lone electron pairs of an oxygen atom and a loosening σ*-NBO N−H bond. The nature of bond formation in all three cases is the same, and the charge transfer value is greater than the value of the bond criterion, which indicates the presence of hydrogen bonds in all analyzed alanine systems. In tyrosine dimers, two H-bonds are formed that are similar in nature, as well as in geometric and energy parameters. The third H-bond is very weak, and the amount of charge transfer indicates its absence. The main interaction between the molecules in the third tyrosine dimer is the H-bond between the –СОО− and –OH groups. It was found that the scheme of formation of hydrogen bonds in molecular crystals of tyrosine is somewhat different from that of alanine.
Comparative analysis of structure and texture of industrial coke
Authors:   Federal Research Center on Coal and Coal Chemistry, Sozinov Sergey A. , Popova Anna N. ,   Federal Research Center on Coal and Coal Chemistry, Dudnikova Yulia N. ,   Federal Research Center on Coal and Coal Chemistry
Published: February 2021

In this work, industrial samples of coke from two different manufacturers were studied using a complex of structural methods: phase and structural analysis by powder X-ray diffraction, analytical scanning electron microscopy and adsorption porosimetry. The main structural parameters (longitudinal and transverse dimensions of packets and lamellas that fit into packets) and textural characteristics (specific surface area, pore space structure) of the studied samples of industrial coke were determined, and an analysis of the features of their microstructure was made. The results obtained in this work make it possible to unambiguously divide the studied cokes into 2 types: "anisotropic" and "isotropic". For anisotropic coke samples, the longitudinal size of the lamellas that fit into the packs is several times larger than the transverse size of these packets (La >> Lc), and this type of coke is characterized by a pronounced lamellar microstructure. Samples of “isotropic” cokes are characterized by comparable sizes of packets of lamellar layers in the longitudinal and transverse directions (La ≈ Lc) and an amorphous microstructure. Because of the work, a complete relationship was revealed between the structural parameters, shape, morphology and texture characteristics of the particles of coke samples, as well as a sufficient correspondence between the data obtained by three independent methods. The consistency of the conclusions drawn from the results of the analysis of the data of the performed complex of physicochemical studies makes it possible to consider X-ray diffraction analysis in combination with analytical electron microscopy and adsorption porosimetry as the necessary complementary tools for assessing the main properties of cokes with a view to their possible use in various technological processes.
Transformation of hydrophobic flavonoids catechin, dihydroquercetin and quercetin into water-soluble structures
Authors:   Moscow  Pedagogical State University, Koroteev Alexander M. , Kaziev Garry Z. ,   Moscow  Pedagogical State University, Koroteev Mikhail P. ,   Moscow  Pedagogical State University, Stepnova Anna F. ,   Moscow  Pedagogical State University, Pozdeev Anton O. ,   Moscow  Pedagogical State University, Zinchenko Valery P. ,   Institute of Cell Biophysics FGBUN “Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center  for Biological Research RAS”, Sergeev Alexander I. ,   Institute of Cell Biophysics FGBUN “Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center  for Biological Research RAS”, Ofitserov Evgeny N. ,   Russian University of Chemical  Technology D.I. Mendeleev
Published: February 2021

The paper describes methods for the transformation of poorly water-soluble flavonoids: dihydroquercetin, catechin and quercetin into water-soluble forms during the formation of supromolecular adducts with β-cyclodextrin and salt-type ionic complexes with the natural amino acid L-arginine, which contains a guanidine moiety properties necessary to create a cationic structure when interacting with phenolic groups. First, a methodology was developed for the synthesis of supromolecular structures, in which flavonoids were incorporated into a cyclodextrin matrix. As a result, the solubility in water at 20 °C of encapsulated flavonoids increased by more than two orders of magnitude. In the formation of complexes of cyclodextrin with flavonoids, the main role is played not by hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of flavonoids and β-cyclodextrin - in the case of dihydroquercetin and catechin, they are different and similar in the case of dihydroquercetin and quercetin, but the spatial orientation of the pyrocatechol cycle B (due to the flat conjugation of the entire molecule and due to sp2 is the structure of the second carbon atom of the pyran ring). Another implemented approach for obtaining water-soluble flavonoids at room temperature is the creation of their salts with the natural amino acid L-arginine, which is a part of proteins and is involved in several vital processes in the body. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved by the methods of NMR spectroscopy on 13C nuclei and X-ray structural analysis, the composition – by elemental analysis.
Development of organosilicon decorative coating with craquelure effect
Authors:   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov, Kirillov Alexander A. , Mikheev Sergey P. ,   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov, Kuzmin Mikhail V. ,   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov, Koltsov Nikolay I. ,   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes coatings based on organosilicon compounds and presents the results of research on the selection components of compositions that provide protection of painted products from corrosive environments, mechanical and thermal effects. Defects of paint and varnish coatings are investigated. The expediency of modifying organosilicon film-forming compositions with solutions bead polymers of polymethyl methacrylate and polybutyl methacrylate has been substantiated. To obtain a heat-resistant coating, two compositions were developed for the lower and upper layers. The bottom layer was KO-85 organosilicon varnish modified with solutions of bead polymers and PF-060 alkyd varnish. To regulate the wetting and spreading, surfactants were introduced into the bottom layer, which could improve the structural, mechanical and decorative properties of the coatings. The top layer of the coating with the craquelure effect was KO-868 silicone enamel modified with functional additives that increase the surface tension and reduce the spreadability of the resulting composition. Research has been carried out on the physica-mechanical (adhesion, impact strength, elasticity of the film during bending), decorative (change in gloss, color, dirt retention, chalking) and protective (cracking, peeling, weathering, bubble formation, corrosion of metaln, wrinkling, dissolution) properties of a two-layer coating, as well as its resistance to water, gasoline, mineral oil and temperature.
Effect of hydrosorption polymers on the properties of water-swellable rubber
Authors:   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov, Efimov Konstantin V. , Egorov Evgeny N. ,   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov, Ushmarin Nikolay F. ,   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov, Koltsov Nikolay I. ,   Chuvash State University  of I.N. Ulyanov
Published: February 2021

Currently, in the oil and gas industry there is a growing demand for sealing elements capable of limited swelling upon contact with water and sealing the annular space of certain sections of the well. The swelling capacity of the sealing elements is predetermined by a well-chosen combination of polymer base and targeted functional ingredients. At the moment, a big drawback of water-swellable sealing elements is the loss of their sealing ability due to the washing out of hydrosorption additives from the sealing element. In this regard, in this work, the effect of hydrosorption polymers (polyacrylamide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and guar gum) on the properties of water-swellable rubber based on a combination of nitrile-butadiene SKN 1855, acrylate nipol AR22 and chloroprene CR 232 rubbers and epoxy 20 with sulfur curing system. The rubber mixture was prepared by mixing rubbers with ingredients on a laboratory roll LB 320 160/160. The rheological characteristics of the rubber compound were studied on an MDR 3000 Basic rheometer at 150 °C. Standard rubber samples were vulcanized at 150 °C for 30 min in a P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD vulcanization press. The main properties of vulcanizates were determined according to the standards in force in the rubber industry. It is shown that the introduction of polyacrylamide together with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and guar gum into a rubber compound leads to a change in its rheological parameters. Vulcanizates containing a combination of polymers are characterized by lower values of the conventional tensile strength and rebound elasticity, but higher elongation at break and the degree of swelling in distilled and formation water as compared to the vulcanizate of the base version of the rubber mixture.
Trust Concerns Regarding Health-Related Smartphone Apps in Collecting Personally Identifiable Information Throughout COVID-19-like Zoonosis
Authors: Hussein Molla Rashied , Rahman Md. Ashikur , Mojumder Md. Jahidul Hassan , Ahmed Shakib , Apu Ehsanul Hoque
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a zoonosis, which means a disease that contaminates from the animals to the humans. Since it is very highly epizootic, it has forced the public health experts to implement smartphone-based applications to trace its swift transmission trajectory as well as the affected individuals. For this, the individuals’ personally identifiable information is utilized. Nonetheless, these information may hamper privacy and cyber security, especially the trust concerns, if not handled properly. If the issues are not resolved at this very moment, the consequences will induce the mass level population to use the health-related applications in their smartphones inadequately. Therefore, a catastrophe will be imminent for another COVID-19-like zoonosis to come. So, to mitigate, an extensive study was required to address this severe issue, namely, trust concern. This paper has studied the needed by discussing the recently designed and developed health-related applications region by region across the world. Moreover, it has analyzed the benefits and drawbacks. The trust defiance is recognized and inspected from the perspective of an end-user. Some recommendations are advised in the later part of this paper to leverage and collaborate the awareness campaign between the Government, the App Developers and the common individuals.
Directional Association of TeV to PeV Astrophysical Neutrinos with Radio Blazars
Authors: Plavin A. V. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Kovalev Yu. A. , Troitsky S. V.
Published: February 2021

Recently we have shown that high-energy neutrinos above 200 TeV detected by IceCube are produced within several parsecs in the central regions of radio-bright blazars, that is active galactic nuclei with jets pointing toward us. To independently test this result and extend the analysis to a wider energy range, we use public data for all neutrino energies from seven years of IceCube observations. The IceCube point-source likelihood map is analyzed against the positions of blazars from a statistically complete sample selected according to their compact radio flux density. The latter analysis delivers a 3.0σ significance, with the combined post-trial significance of both studies being 4.1σ. The correlation is driven by a large number of blazars. Together with fainter but physically similar sources not included in the sample, they may explain the entire IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux as derived from muon-track analyses. The neutrinos can be produced in interactions of relativistic protons with X-ray self-Compton photons in parsec-scale blazar jets.