bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Iron-Containing Preceramic Polymer and Preparation of Fe/Si/C Ceramics via Precursor-Derived Method
Authors: Gou Yan Zi , Tong Xuan , Zhang Qian Ce , Shi Qi , Wang Bing
Published: April 2016

Iron-containing SiC ceramics have low specific resistivity and excellent electromagnetic properties. In this work, hyperbranched polyferrocenylsilane as the precursor of Fe/Si/C ceramics was prepared by the reaction of ferrocenyl dilithium, dichlorodimethylsilane and trichloromethylsilane. The ceramization process of the preceramic polymer from organic to inorganic was then investigated. Precursor microspheres were prepared by emulsion method, which were then pyrolyzed to obtain Fe/Si/C ceramic microspheres.The composition, structure and morphologies of the precursor and ceramics were characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, TG-MS, XRD, SEM and EDS. Experimental results showed that the hyperbranched precursor was successfully synthesized, the pyrolytic process of which started at 350 °Cand almost completed above 600 °C. There was crystalline transformation from Fe5Si3 to Fe3Si as the sintering temperature increased from 1000 °C to 1400 °C. Moreover, the crystalline phase of β-SiC appeared at 1400 °C. Precursor microspheres were prepared by emulsion method. Porous ceramic microspheres were obtained after the precursor microspheres being sintered at 1400 °C, which can be applied in gas adsorption and catalyst supports.
Substrate Polarity Effects on the Interface Electronic Structure in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tian Huang , Zhao Xin , Zhang Qiang , Wei Huai Xin
Published: April 2016

Organic layers deposited on various polarity substrates and the electronic structures of (PTCDA/TiOPc) on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates have been studied by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The difference between work function and polarity of the substrates induce the formation of an interface dipole with corresponding shift in the relative position of molecular levels across the interface. While the vacuum level and open circuit voltage show vastly difference respectively, the barrier between anode-organic or organic-cathode also changes from 0.75eV to 1.13eV or 0.35eV to 0.65eV. The results show the possibility of tuning the electronic structure by the modification of substrate and potential applications on performance enhancement in organic electronic devices.
Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Poly(2,3-Dimethylaniline) Grafted Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Zhu Guang Ai , Dong Yan Mao , Li Jia Xuan
Published: April 2016

Poly (2,3-dimethylaniline) synthesized by a novel polymerization technique, is covalently grafted to reduced graphene oxide layers. Amide linkages formed between Poly (2,3-dimethylaniline) and reduced graphene oxide is confirmed with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Morphology was studied by scaning electron microscopy. The hybrid showed improved nonlinear optical properties compared to the graphene oxide precursor and the pristine poly (2, 3-dimethylaniline).
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Bipolar Host Material Based on 1,2,4-Oxadiazole for Green Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Lin Hai Lang , Chen Yu , Huang Cong Cong , Fan Pei Dong , Zhao Xin
Published: April 2016

A novel bipolar green phosphorescence host material, 3,5-bis (4-(9H-phenol-thiazine-9-yl) phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (PPOXD), was designed and synthesized, and its structure was characterized by means of 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The photophysical properties of PPOXD were studied by ultraviolet-visble (UV-Vis) absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescent spectroscopies at 77 K and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the maximum absorption wavelength is located in about 210、247、270 and 307 nm, and the photofluorescence emission peaks in 378 and 448 nm in CH2Cl2 solution. Its phosphorescence emission peaks were observed at 504 and 535 nm, and suitable triplet energy ( 2.46 eV) for PPOXD was achieved, which could meet the basic requirement of green host material for the green emitter Ir (ppy)3 (2.40 eV). Cyclic voltammetry exhibits that HOMO and LUMO level of PPOXD is located in-5.25 and-2.32eV respectively. TGA and DSC results reveal that PPOXD has good thermal stability, the decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature are 275 and 170 °C, respectively. Therefore, PPOXD is a potential green phosphorescence host material with bipolar feature.
Influence of Compaction Pressure on Magnetic Properties of Sendust Powder Core
Authors: Wang Ru Wu , Zhang Feng Quan , Wei Ding , Fang Ze Min , Zeng Chun , Luo Zhong Han
Published: April 2016

Toroid-shaped soft magnetic powder cores (SMCs) were produced by cold pressing of the commercial sendust alloy powders. The characteristics of the commercial sendust alloy powder and the effect of compaction pressure on the magnetic properties, i.e., effective permeability μe, quality factor Q, DC-bias properties and volume power loss of sendust alloy powder cores were investigated. The results showed that the sendust alloy powder core with shaping pressure of 1932 MPa, annealing temperature of 953 K for 1 h and dielectric content of 0.96% presents the optimum magnetic properties with an effective permeability of 90, a total loss of 386 mW/cm3 at f=50 kHz and Bm=0.1 T, a DC-bias property of 64% at H=50 Oe.
Facile Preparation and Electrochemical Performances of LiMn2O4/Li1.2(Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 Blend Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Zhou Yun Long , Hu Zhi Biao , Zhao Chen Hao , Yan Li , Liu Kai Yu
Published: April 2016

The blend cathode materials LiMn2O4/Li1.2(Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 have been successfully prepared by the physical mixing of commercial Li2MnO4 and self-prepared Li1.2(Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 nanoparticles. The structures, morphologies and electrochemical performances are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge test, and the results show that the good mass ratio of Li2MnO4 and Li1.2(Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 is 50:50. Therein, the nanosized Li1.2Ni0.16Co0.08Mn0.56O2 uniformly adhere on the surface of Li2MnO4 micro structure, and occupy the gap of Li2MnO4 particles, which can effectively elevate the tap density of Li1.2(Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08)O2 nanoparticles. As lithium ion battery cathode, the 50:50 sample reveals an initial discharge capacity of 265.4 mAh/g with negligible irreversible capacity loss at current density of 0.1C within 2.0-4.8 V, and retain 89.2% after 20 cycles.
The Influence of Particle Characteristic of Manganese Dioxide on Performance of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxide
Authors: Li Wei , Tian Wen Huai , Qi Lu
Published: April 2016

Several kinds of chemical manganese dioxide with different particle characteristic were prepared by redox reaction in liquid phase. Then, spinel lithium manganese oxide was synthesized by liquid impregnation. The result implied that the influence of particle characteristic on test result is important. The spinel lithium manganese oxide prepared by spherical MnO2 has better cycle performance than the spinel lithium manganese oxide prepared by MnO2 with irregular shape .The spinel lithium manganese oxide with little particle size has high initial specific capacity. The spinel lithium manganese oxide prepared by MnO2 with anemone shape has high specific capacity and stable cycle performance.
ZIF-8 Derived Graphene-Based Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbonas Highly Efficient Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Jiang Xia , Sun Li Xian , Xu Fen
Published: April 2016

A new 2D sandwich-like zeolitic imidazolate framework derived graphene-based N-doped porous carbons (GNPC) were prepared with the in situ growing ZIF-8 on grapheme oxide (GO), which exhibits well electrochemical properties with the present of GO and high nitrogen content. The specific capacitance of GNPC is 144 F g-1 in 6 M KOH at a current density of 0.1Ag-1, which was potential to be used as a supercapacitor electrode. The GNPC as promising nanomaterials will be suitable for practical applications in a range of fields.
Effect of Annealing on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of 2J4 Alloy
Authors: Li Chun Hong , Chen Deng Ming , Huang Si , Ma Yi Long , Sun Jian Chun , Chen Lin
Published: April 2016

The effect of annealing on the microstructural characterization and magnetic properties of 2J4 alloy has been investigated.The alloys were annealed in argon atmosphere for 0.5h at different temperatures.The results indicated that there were some precipitated phases afer annealing,which can pin domain boundary movement, thus leading to improved magnetic energy product and hysteresis properties due to enhanced coercivity and remanence. Magnetic domain morphology showed that the number of domains increased after heat treatment, the exchange energy between magnetic domains and the energy of magnetocrystalline anisotropy increased with increasing domain number,thus leading to better coercivity. With increasing temperature from 620°C to 680°C, saturation magnetization increased at first, and then decreased under the effect of increase in precipitates and decrease in strain and dislocations. The coercivity,hysteresis loss and ratio of the remanence to saturation magnetization keeped increasing due to increase of tiny and dispersed precipitates. This study can provide theoretically a reliable way for preparing 2J4 magnetic alloys with high performance.
Study on Al-Li3AlH6-CaO Composite for Hydrogen Production Performance
Authors: Zhang Xiang Fei , Xu Fen , Sun Li Xian , Yu Fang , Zhao Chong
Published: April 2016

The Al-Li3AlH6 composite as a promising hydrogen production material has attracted increasing attention. However, the poor stability limits practical application. In this paper, the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO composite has been synthesized by ball milling. The results show that the increase of the amount of added CaO can enhance the rate of the hydrogen generation. The rate of the hydrogen generation reaches 40.1 % when the amount of added CaO is 30 wt%, which is due to the fact that the added CaO can destroys the Al2O3 films. The influence of amount of added CaO on the corrosion resistant of the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO is also investigated. The Al-Li3AlH6-CaO with 35 wt% CaO exhibits well corrosion resistant performance, and the hydrogen yield decreases by 22.65 % in 30 days, while the hydrogen yield of the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO without CaO drops by 45.4% in 5 days.
A Facile Self-Assembly Synthesis of Whiskey ZnFe2O4 as Superior Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xin Yu , Hou Xian Hua , Hu She Jun , Zhang Wan Li , Mao Jun Wei
Published: April 2016

A superior self-assemble whiskery ZnFe2O4 has been synthesized by a facile coprecipitation method in the presence of oxalic acid. After performed as anode for lithium ion battery, the ZnFe2O4 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of 1364.6 mAh g-1, maintained an effective discharge capacity of 1086.9 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles and wonderful rate capacity (687.4 mAh g-1 at 3.0C). The excellent electrochemical performance was related to the novel whiskery structure, which is made of small spherical nanoparticles and hundreds of voids.
Well-Designed Spherical Morphology Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 as Superior Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Shao Meng , Hou Xian Hua , Huang Yan Ling , Zou Xiao Li , Hu She Jun
Published: April 2016

Li-rich layered cathode materials with an average composition of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 have been successfully synthesized via one-pot facile co-precipitation method. The spherical cathode material and the unconsolidated shape one are obtained by optimizing the experimental condition. The results of electrochemical performance test expose that the spherical cathode material exhibits more excellent cycle ability and rate performance than the unconsolidated one. The initial charge-discharge specific capacities of the spherical cathode are approximately 323.4 mAh g-1 and 266.4 mAh g-1, respectively, showing an initial coulombic efficiency of 82.4%. A high discharge capacity of 241.1 mAh g-1 is maintained with the capacity retention of 90.5% after 50 cycles at a constant current density of 50 mA g-1 (1 C=250 mAh g-1).
LiBH4 Confined in Nitrogen-Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbons for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Cai Rong , Sun Li Xian , Xu Fen , Zou Yong Jin , Chu Hai Liang
Published: April 2016

Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon has been synthesized and used to confine LiBH4 to improve its dehydrogenation properties. The carbon has a high BET specific surface up to 448.25 m2/g with pore size centered at 1.2 and 4.1 nm. The effects of ball milling time and speed on de-hydrogenation were investigated. The onset hydrogen desorption temperature of LiBH4 is reduced to 100 °C by addition 40 wt% carbon, and it can release hydrogen of 8.3 wt% at 380 °C. Furthermore, cyclic dehydrogenation is studiedto estimate the stability of the samples in the present work.
The Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Wang Zi Qiang , Sun Li Xian , Xu Fen , Peng Xiao Jun
Published: April 2016

The nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon spheres have been synthesized via soft-template and hydrothermal synthetic strategies using phenol/formaldehyde resins as carbon sources and melamine as a nitrogen source. The obtained carbon spheres exhibit a spherical morphology with a size range of 3-5 μm, which possess the narrow microporosity (ca. 1.2 nm) and mesoporosity (ca. 4 nm), large surface area (560-1200 m2 g-1) and high nitrogen contents (up to 15.7 wt%). Due to the well-developed porous structure and high nitrogen content, the carbon spheres show high performance for hydrogen storage, and the hydrogen adsorption capacities are in the range of 140-185 cm3 g-1, which is better than that of most activated carbons. The incorporation of nitrogen into carbons is favored for hydrogen uptake in low pressure.
The Effect of AlCl3 and Ti on Hydrogen Storage Performance of 4MgH2-Li3AlH6 System
Authors: Yu Fang , Xu Fen , Sun Li Xian , Zhang Xiang Fei , Wang Lin , Fan Ming Hui
Published: April 2016

The AlCl3/Ti co-doped 4MgH2-Li3AlH6 has been successfully synthesized using solid ball-milled method. The effect of AlCl3/Ti and different preparation conditions on reversible hydrogen storage of 4MgH2-Li3AlH6 were investigated. It was found that the formed Al3Ti and Al can improve the de/rehydriding performance. The onset temperature of the system dehydrogenation decreased to 58 °C, and it can release hydrogen of 7.2 wt.% at 400 °C. The hydriding of the system was found that the adsorption rate greatly increased from 0.02 to 0.35 wt.% min-1. The activation energy (Ea) of MgH2 dehydrogenation decreased from 147 to 113.7 kJ mol-1 by adding additive AlCl3 and Ti. The AlCl3/Ti improved the thermodynamic and kinetic performance of the 4MgH2-Li3AlH6 composite, which was attributed to the high catalytic activity of Al3Ti and Al.
Corrosion Behavior of 718 Nickel Base Alloy in Acid Saline Solution Containing H2S and CO2
Authors: Wang Chun Guang , Wang Dong Zhe , Liu Hai Ding , Liu Wei , Mo Yan , Song Jin Hui
Published: April 2016

To resolve the materials corrosion problems during exploiting high H2S/CO2 oil and gas field, the corrosion behavior of 718 nickel base alloy for 720 hours was studied, the conditions of the experiment is about temperature=177°C, P(H2S)=3.0MPa, P(CO2)=13.5MPa, solution mixed NaCl 20%wt.. The Electronic Parts Manufacturers Association (EPMA) and electrochemical methods was applied to characterize the microstructure, chemical composition and impedance characteristics of corrosion film. The results show that the surface of corrosion film is mainly composition by sulphide of Ni, Cr and Fe, the inside of corrosion film is mainly composition by oxide of Ni, Cr and Fe, electrochemical analysis found the alloy could resist corrosion in this environment.
Optimized Synthetic Conditions of 0.6Li2MnO3·0.4LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2  Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Song Yu Feng , Liu Ying Ying , Cui Lei Lei , Miao Xiao Wei , Zhao Hong Bin , Fang Jian Hui
Published: April 2016

Li-rich layer-structure 0.6Li2MnO3·0.4LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (LMO) cathode materials have been synthesized by sol-gel method using citric acid as a cheating agent. The effects of different ratios of solvent and the amount of excessive lithium are discussed systematically. When changing the ratio of ethanol/H2O and the amount of excessive lithium, the morphology and electrochemical properties will be changed accordingly. The crystal structure of Li-rich LMO was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope, and the Li-rich LMO cathodes show bulk with the particle size of around 150 nm. The charge/discharge test showed the Li-rich LMO synthesized with 100% ethanol and 5% Li excess sintered at 900 °C for 24 h subsequently has the best electrochemical performance. Within the cut-off voltage between 2.5 and 4.8 V, the initial discharge capacity is 256.8 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C; and after 50 cycles the discharge capacity remains 230.2 mAh g-1. By modifying the ratio of solvent in the formation of gel, it is promising to extend the synthesis of other electrode materials of lithium ion batteries basing on the traditional sol-gel method.
The Preparation of Pure and Phosphrous-Doped La2Mo2O9 Oxide Ion Conductor by a Modified Precipitation Method
Authors: Li Qin , Dai Feng Yang , Zhang Li Wei , Jin Li Guo , Wang Yong Liang
Published: April 2016

Lanthanum molybdate, La2Mo2O9, has been attracted considerable attention owing to its high concentration of intrinsic oxygen vacancies. In this paper, pure and phosphrous-doped La2Mo2O9 (LAMOX) is prepared by means of a modified precipitation method. The properties of the series of compounds have been characterized by thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and conductivity measured by a.c. impedance spectroscopy (IS). The electrical conductivity of pure La2Mo2O9 prepared by this method reaches a value of 0.15 S/cm at 800 °C, much higher than that of the sol-gel prepared material. P-doped La2Mo2O9 underwent a slightly structural phase transition, and the transition temperature is found to decrease with increasing P content. Electrical conductivity measurements show a slightly increase in the conductivity at low temperature after the tiny doping of P.
Natural Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of the Bundle Heat Exchanger in the Latent Heat Microcapsulated Phase Change Material Slurry
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Liang , Xu Yu Jie , Wang Yi Fei , Yang Zheng , Chen Hai Sheng
Published: April 2016

As a novel latent functionally thermal fluid, microcapsulated phase change material slurry (MPCMS) has many potential applications in the fields of energy storage, air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat exchanger, etc. In order to investigate the heat storage and heat transfer performance of MPCMS, natural convection in a rectangular enclosure heated by bundle heat exchanger has been studied numerically in this paper. The effects of mass concentration (Cm) of MPCMS, the vertical spaces of bundle heat exchanger on the natural convective heat transfer are investigated. The results indicate that, MPCMS with Cm=30% shows the best natural convectionperformance, and a lower position of bundle heat exchanger can strengthen the natural convection.
Novel pH-Sensitive Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Polyampholyte as Pervaporation Membrane
Authors: Meng Ping Rui , Li Liang Bo
Published: April 2016

Sodium acrylate (NaAA) and acrylamide (AM) were grafted onto poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using potassium persulfate as an initiator, Graft copolymerization namely poly (vinyl alcohol)-g-poly (acrylamide/sodium acrylate) (PVA-g-PAM/SAC). The poly (vinyl alcohol)-g-poly (vinylamine/sodium acrylate) (PVAMC) was prepraed by Hofmann rearrangement.The PVAMC homogeneous membrane was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The water resistance of the PVAMC membranes is the best when pH of the PVAMC solutions was 4, at that time the numbers of-NH3+ and-COO- groups trended to be equal, so the isoelectric point was pH=4. At 90 °C the pervaporation of PVAMC composite membrane was tested and showed that the separation factor and the permeate flux were about 1001 and 1341 g/(m2·h) for 90wt% ethanol aqueous solution, and they were about 1297 and 1040 g/(m2·h) for 90wt% isopropanol aqueous solution.
A New Flexible Pipe for Dynamic Gas Riser Applications Featuring FLIP Resistant Carcass
Authors: Lyckegaard A. , Golliard J , Hansen R. , Bendiksen E. , Cappeln C. D. , Hylland P , Lunde K , Sødahl N , McGeorge D , Skeie G.
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the qualification of a new flexible riser concept based on a novel carcass technology called the K-carcass. The K-carcass is made from preformed profiles that are wound helically into shape. The geometry of the carcass profiles is defined such that the inner surface of the pipe is flush.

This geometry is a benefit to the flow properties of the fluid flow in the pipe and very importantly to the resistance to flow induced pulsations. Flow induced pulsations are known to occur in dry gas applications at a critical velocity. In this paper we present results that show that the critical velocity of a K-carcass pipe is significantly higher than an equivalent conventional flexible pipe.

Furthermore, we present the results of qualification testing of two K-carcass based flexible pipe designs, i.e. a 7.5 inch and an11.5 inch design.
Time perception mechanisms at central nervous system
Authors: Fontes Rhailana , Ribeiro Jéssica , Gupta Daya S. , Machado Dionis , Lopes-Júnior Fernando , Magalhães Francisco , Bastos Victor Hugo , Rocha Kaline , Marinho Victor , Lima Gildário , Velasques Bruna , Ribeiro Pedro , Orsini Marco , Pessoa Bruno , Araujo Leite Marco Antonio , Teixeira Silmar
Published: April 2016

The five senses have specific ways to receive environmental information and lead to central nervous system. The perception of time is the sum of stimuli associated with cognitive processes and environmental changes. Thus, the perception of time requires a complex neural mechanism and may be changed by emotional state, level of attention, memory and diseases. Despite this knowledge, the neural mechanisms of time perception are not yet fully understood. The objective is to relate the mechanisms involved the neurofunctional aspects, theories, executive functions and pathologies that contribute the understanding of temporal perception. Articles form 1980 to 2015 were searched by using the key themes: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, theories, time cells, memory, schizophrenia, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s disease combined with the term perception of time. We evaluated 158 articles within the inclusion criteria for the purpose of the study. We conclude that research about the holdings of the frontal cortex, parietal, basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus have provided advances in the understanding of the regions related to the perception of time. In neurological and psychiatric disorders, the understanding of time depends on the severity of the diseases and the type of tasks.
Mental depression as a risk factor for periodontal disease: A case–control study
Authors: Fatima Zareen , Bey Afshan , Azmi S. A. , Gupta N. D. , Khan Amaan
Published: April 2016

Aim: Periodontal disease is an immune-inflammatory response of tooth supporting structures to microbial dental plaque. It is influenced by various factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, systemic diseases, and psychological factors such as stress. This case-control study was performed to consider mental depression as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 subjects were selected. All the subjects were assessed for the presence of depression by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria and severity of depression was measured by Hamilton depression rating scale. For assessment of periodontal disease, clinical periodontal parameters oral hygiene index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that subjects with depression had significantly higher values of debris index, calculus index, gingival index, PPD, and CAL (P < 0.001). Periodontal status was poor in patients with severe and very severe grade depression patients (P = 0.049). For all the indices/parameters, mean values of patients with > 6 months of illness were higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that mental depression significantly affects the periodontium. It may be considered as risk factor for periodontal disease.
EDS© Electrophotonic DataPhoton System : une solution technologique innovante en imagerie macroscopique par effet de couronne
Authors: Vieilledent Georges , Herren Raymond , Morard Vincent , Chaumet-Lagrange Eric
Published: April 2016

Lors d’une précédente communication ( BioEM2014, Cape Town, South Africa, Jun 08-13, 2014 - Session: PA), nous avions présenté un dispositif baptisé EDS© travaillant sur les effets de couronne dans le spectre UV (< 350 nm). Ce dispositif a permis, par une convergence d’observations, la mise en évidence de phénomènes photoniques jusqu’alors non identifiés (à notre connaissance) dans le vivant. Parmi ceux-ci, nous avions cité le phénomène des « photonic bridges », c’est-à-dire l’apparition sous certaines conditions d’un lien de nature photonique entre un corps vivant et un substrat moléculaire. Cet échange singulier semble se produire lorsqu’une affinité ou, inversement, un recul ou un fossé s’établit entre ces deux éléments. L’objet de cette communication est de présenter une synthèse de résultats en rapport avec une pré-étude clinique de ce phénomène, dans le cadre d’une investigation menée avec trois patients atteints d’un diabète de type 2 et trois autres patients atteints d’hypertension (HTA) en comparaison avec deux autres groupes témoins sains. Les résultats montrent la pertinence de l’apparition de ce phénomène baptisé « photonic bridges » qui rend compte, en l’état, d’attirances spécifiques mesurables et reproductibles en fonction des principes actifs utilisés dans le cadre de ces pathologies.
Between Norms and Facts: The Constitutional Court’s Commitment to Pluralism in South Africa’s Radically Heterogeneous Public Schools
Authors: Woolman Stuart
Published: April 2016

The recognition of pluralism constitutes a golden thread that runs through the Constitutional Court’s entire oeuvre of work. This ‘right to be different’ finds its initial footing in Gauteng Education Bill, Prince, and Bhe. Pluralism then inserts itself into our jurisprudence as a grundnorm. The Court affirms this status repeatedly through very different rights in such cases as Fourie, Pillay, Shilubana, Ermelo and Juma Musjid. Pluralism must be understood as a necessary condition for maintaining order in a radically riven heterogeneous society. It’s hardly surprising, then, that pluralism plays a similar role in our schools and our still nascent development of an inclusive education policy. Pluralism frames, and circumscribes, the manner in which individual schools may order their admissions policies, curriculum, discipline proceedings and other internal affairs. At the same time, it gives adequate effect to learners’ rights and the communal interests within which the school is situated. Pluralism doesn’t require us to like one another. Suspicion of members of other groups remains an inextricable part of humanity’s DNA. However, we do have to learn to live with one another. The problem of pluralism is not – as Habermas and Judt show – a uniquely South African conundrum. That said, it’s universality does not mean we can ignore it’s challenges. Our schools remain wonderful places to reshape the manner in which we engage others who appear foreign to us. This article concludes that until our schools take this reshaping qua pluralism seriously, the South African experiment in democracy will remain fragile indeed.
Cyberbullying: Should Schools choose between Safety and Privacy?
Authors: Laubscher Michael , Van Vollenhoven Willie (J)
Published: April 2016

In this theoretical article, we explore the tangled messiness of the application of human rights versus the 21st-century monster called "cyberbullying" in schools and focus on some of the challenges schools face daily. The research will reveal that cyberbullying victims were almost twice as likely to attempt suicide as youth who had not experienced cyberbullying, which implies that this is a phenomenon schools ought not to take lightly. We argue that everyone has a right to the freedom of expression, including in cyberspace, and begin by exploring how legal principles evolved in an attempt to deal with the limitations placed on an individual's right to freedom of expression. As we are about to reveal, though, matters become even more complicated when this freedom of expression relates to cyberspace, a space where users might have an expectation of privacy and even enjoy a state of anonymity. Clearly, the right to privacy and the right to freedom of expression need to be balanced and respected should school authorities be called upon to identify and discipline a cyberbully. This balancing act is one that needs to be investigated and carefully expounded upon, and is an issue that has not yet been sufficiently addressed in South Africa. Seeing that countries such as the United States of America and Canada have attempted to deal with this issue, it would be prudent to discuss the strides these countries have made, the challenges they have faced, and the insights they have gained, in an attempt to alert South Africa to the complex issues cyberbullying could raise. Working from this premise, this article will focus on the right to privacy, specifically in relation to Bill C-13 recently passed in Canada and the resultant Canadian Supreme Court decision in the case R v Spencer, a case that shed further light on the issue of privacy in cyberspace. We conclude the discussion by highlighting several potential pitfalls legislation such as Bill C-13 could create, and ask that constitutionally sound legal remedies be developed without delay to assist South African school governing bodies in the arduous task of having to deal with cyberbullying, to ensure that they are not faced with the question as to whether their learners' safety or privacy should come first.
The Economy of Persistence: Mario the Tailor
Authors: Black Prudence
Published: April 2016

Mario Conte has had a tailor shop in King Street, Newtown since the mid 1960s. Taking an interview with Mario as its point of departure, this article describes the persistence of a skilled worker whose practices and techniques remain the same in a world that has long changed. While inattentive to what rules might be used to decorate a shop window, Mario continues to make and sew in the way that he learnt in post-war Italy. Mario’s persistence could be described as all the skills and other elements that need to be in place to keep him working, in particular the tradition of tailoring techniques he has remained true to over the last fifty years. The hand stitching of his tailoring is like a metronome of that persistence.
Hats On, Hats Off
Authors: Hughes Clare
Published: April 2016

Manners, morals and codes of conduct, Clive Aslet observes in his social satire, Anyone for England?, have been ‘privatized’ and modern man ‘has never been more on his own’. Hats are now no longer part of a generally accepted code: as we no longer wear them as a matter of course their former significance is difficult to appreciate. But the fact that they were once so central to daily life, and for men so bound up with status and class, makes these ‘significant trifles’, as novelist John Galsworthy said, a key to the ‘whole’, a way into the life of the past. In this article I draw on visual sources, as well as novels, memoirs, autobiographies and advice manuals, beginning around 1780 - when the size and significance of hats began to grow - focusing particularly on the last half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the heyday of the hat.
Reflexive Dressing: Rethinking Retro
Authors: North Stella
Published: April 2016

This article undertakes a philosophical exploration of the act we know, or think we know, as ‘dressing’. Inhabiting, in thought, the moment in which we dress, I examine some of its constituent mechanisms, attending to the impulses by which dressing is generated out of subjective experience.  When those impulses are temporally marked, as they are in the case of retro dress, this generation is a two-pronged process, in which the holding of the body in time, and the holding of time in the body, recalibrate one another. The process of ‘dressing,’ in this understanding, has a reflexivity which is double; it entails the turning of the body, with dress as medium, towards itself, and the turning of present experience towards some felt notion of the past. Reflexively dressing, we are always becoming ourselves, and becoming other than ourselves, at once; a movement of circuitous internalisation and externalisation by which the ambiguation inherent in material experience is realised.
Practicing Sustainability: Illuminating ‘Use’ in Wearing Clothes
Authors: Gill Alison , Mellick Lopes Abby , Kaye-Smith Holly
Published: April 2016

Aspects of the ordinary in everyday dressing remain elusive to fashion studies, meaning the life of what Judy Attfield calls ‘design in the lower case’ escapes notice. In this article, the authors assemble a practice-oriented perspective to illuminate ‘wearing’ as an outcome of sets of commonplace and routine practices related to dressing, that wear a garment in and out over time, and enhance the visibility of clothing use. The central example is a research project that tests the theory of loosening the meaning of clean by trialling alternative laundering techniques to understand the transition to sustain-ability, or less resource-intensive competencies in the spectrum of clothing use. The promise of an interdisciplinary conceptual framework that draws from ‘theories of practice’ at the intersection of cultural studies, sociology and design is also tested as appropriate for the analysis of the quotidian realm of wearing and laundering; the analysis is particularly assisted with sustainable design research about the transition toward sustainable ways of living such as the development of ‘slow fashion’.
Inside Out: A Diasporic Narrative
Authors: Lewis Tania
Published: April 2016

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Stuart Hall’s writing began to take a biographical turn. For readers such as myself, then a mature undergraduate pursuing an American Studies degree in New Zealand, this was somewhat of a revelation. The surprise was not so much Hall’s shift from the somewhat dry prose of structural Marxism to the rather more vital style of a postcolonially inflected poststructuralism, but the fact of Hall’s Caribbean background when I, along with no doubt many other geographically distant readers, had assumed him to be exworking class, British and white. Some seven years later, while wrestling with a PhD on the history of cultural studies at the University of Melbourne, I found myself writing an essay for Arena using the question of Hall’s diasporic identity to explore ‘the relations between knowledge production and cultural identity/location.
A Feminist Love Letter to Stuart Hall; or What Feminist Cultural Studies Needs to Remember
Authors: Probyn Elspeth
Published: April 2016

I need to preface these brief remarks with a caveat. I was to write of Hall’s contribution to forging feminist cultural studies, the intellectual project I have felt affiliated with across my academic life, and certainly that which has inspired and formed me. But I don’t feel entitled to write of ‘feminist cultural studies’ in the way that others, such as Lucy Bland, Janice Winship, Angela McRobbie and Charlotte Brunsdon can. I wasn’t there when the Women Studies Group at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies struggled with ‘the dilemma’ of ‘whether to conquer the whole of cultural studies and only then to make a feminist critique of it, or whether to focus on the “woman question” from the beginning’. The group did conceptual work across the disciplines of history, anthropology, psychology and literary studies, and grappled with theoretical movements influenced by figures as varied as Lacan, Marx and Foucault and across sites such as popular culture, regimes of gendered work and eighteenth-century novels. At the same time, and in their words, ‘the Group also felt it wanted to do concrete work rather than engaging theoretical wrangles’. Across the chapters in Women Take Issue I see dedicated feminists poring over texts, their own and others, and then heading to the streets, the factories and girls’ bedrooms to understand how, where and with what effect gendered relations were being reproduced. It is a picture of scholarly intent a bit at odds with Hall’s description in hindsight of how feminism roared into the project of cultural studies:For cultural studies (in addition to many other theoretical projects), the intervention of feminism was specific and decisive. It was ruptural … As a thief in the night, it broke in, interrupted, made an unseemly noise, seized the time, crapped on the table of cultural studies.
Sharing the Wealth: By-roads and Hidden Treasures
Authors: Lea Tess
Published: April 2016

A review of Paul Ashton, Chris Gibson and Ross Gibson (eds), By-Roads and Hidden Treasures: Mapping Cultural Assets in Regional Australia (UWA Publishing, 2015).
‘Such Slow Murder’: Feminism, Moral Panic and Homicidal Women
Authors: Biber Katherine , Loughnan Arlie , Quilter Julia
Published: April 2016

A review of Annie Cossins, Female Criminality: Infanticide, Moral Panics and the Female Body (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015).
Middlebrow Studies and Its Discontents
Authors: Harker Jaime
Published: April 2016

A review of Beth Driscoll, The New Literary Middlebrow: Tastemakers and Reading in the Twenty-First Century (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
Freedom Time: Rethinking Federal Democracy for a Postcolonial World
Authors: Walker-Morrison Deborah
Published: April 2016

A review of Gary Wilder, Freedom Time: Negritude, Decolonization and the Future of The World (Duke University Press, 2015).
Differences in meat colour between free-range Swallow Belly Mangalitsa and commercially reared Swedish Landrace pigs during 6 days of vacuum storage
Authors: Stanišić Nikola , Parunović Nenad , Stajić Slaviša , Petrović Milica , Radović Čedomir , Živković Dušan , Petričević Maja
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The influence of storage on meat colour differences between free-range Swallow Belly Mangalitsa (MA, n =  19) and commercially reared Swedish Landrace (SL, n =  17) pigs, are investigated in the present study. Proximate composition analyses were done on fresh samples of M. longissimus thoracis (LT) and M. gluteus medius (GM), while pH values and colour quality attributes were determined on fresh cuts of the muscles (day 1) and after 3 and 6 days of vacuum storage at 4 ± 1 °C. MA pork had a significantly higher share of intramuscular fat, a darker colour, a higher deoxymyoglobin (Mb) content and oxy ∕ met (oxymyoglobin ∕ metmyoglobin) ratio, higher pH24 h values and a slower pH decline compared to the control SL group (P < 0.05). Greater changes in myoglobin forms during storage were observed in MA pork, which were reflected in a significant decrease in the content of Mb and an increase in the oxy ∕ met ratio (P < 0.05).After 6 days of vacuum storage, higher pH6d values, a lower metmyoglobin (MetMb) content and a higher oxy ∕ met ratio of MA pork lead to the conclusion that aged meat from free-range Swallow Belly Mangalitsa pigs had better colour quality compared to Swedish Landrace pigs.
Profiling the PM2.5 mass concentration vertical distribution in the boundary layer
Authors: Tao Zongming , Wang Zhenzhu , Yang Shijun , Shan Huihui , Ma Xiaomin , Zhang Hui , Zhao Sugui , Liu Dong , Xie Chenbo , Wang Yingjian
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Fine particles (PM2.5) affect human life and activities directly; the detection of PM2.5 mass concentration profile is very essential due to its practical and scientific significance (such as the quantification of air quality and its variability as well as the assessment of improving air quality forecast). But so far, it has been difficult to detect PM2.5 mass concentration profile. The proposed methodology to study the relationship between aerosol extinction coefficient and PM2.5 mass concentration is described, which indicates that the PM2.5 mass concentration profile could be retrieved by combining a charge-coupled device (CCD) side-scatter lidar with a PM2.5 sampling detector. When the relative humidity is less than 70 %, PM2.5, mass concentration is proportional to the aerosol extinction coefficient, and then the specific coefficient can be calculated. Through this specific coefficient, aerosol extinction profile is converted to PM2.5 mass concentration profile. Three cases of clean night (on 21 September 2014), pollutant night (on 17 March 2014), and heavy pollutant night (on 13 February 2015) are studied. The characteristics of PM2.5 mass concentration profile at the near-ground level during the cases of these 3 nights in the western suburb of Hefei city were discussed. The PM2.5 air pollutant concentration is comparatively large close to the surface and varies with time and altitude. The experiment results show that the CCD side-scatter lidar combined with a PM2.5 detector is an effective and new method to explore pollutant mass concentration profile at the near-ground level.
Snow avalanche friction relation based on extended kinetic theory
Authors: Rauter Matthias , Fischer Jan-Thomas , Fellin Wolfgang , Kofler Andreas
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Rheological models for granular materials play an important role in the numerical simulation of dry dense snow avalanches. This article describes the application of a physically based model from the field of kinetic theory to snow avalanche simulations. Those are usually based on depth-averaged two-dimensional models. Therefore a method to adapt the three-dimensional rheological model is presented. In a further step simulation results are compared to velocity and runout observations of avalanches, recorded from different field tests. As reference we utilize a classic phenomenological friction model, which is commonly applied for hazard estimation. The quantitative comparison is based on the combination of normalized residuals of different observation variables in order to take into account the quality of the simulations in various regards. It is demonstrated that the kinetic theory provides a physically based explanation for the structure of phenomenological friction relations and contributes improvements, in particular when different events and various observation variables are investigated.
Effects of pan-Arctic snow cover and air temperature changes on soil heat content
Authors: Shi Xiaogang , Troy Tara J. , Lettenmaier Dennis P.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Soil heat content (SHC) provides an estimate of the integrated effect of changes in the land surface energy balance. It considers the specific heat capacity, soil temperature, and phase changes of soil moisture as a function of depth. In contrast, soil temperature provides a much more limited view of land surface energy flux changes. This is particularly important at high latitudes, which have and are undergoing surface energy flux changes as a result of changes in seasonal variations of snow cover extent (SCE) and hence surface albedo changes, among other factors. Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model forced with gridded climate observations, we simulate spatial and temporal variations of SCE and SHC over the pan-Arctic land region for the last half-century. On the basis of the SCE trends derived from NOAA satellite observations in 5° latitude bands from April through June for the period 1972–2006, we define a snow covered sensitivity zone (SCSZ), a snow covered non-sensitivity zone (SCNZ), and a non-snow covered zone (NSCZ) for North America and Eurasia. We then explore long-term trends in SHC, SCE, and surface air temperature (SAT) and their corresponding correlations in NSCZ, SCSZ and SCNZ for both North America and Eurasia. We find that snow cover downtrends have a significant impact on SHC changes in SCSZ for North America and Eurasia from April through June. SHC changes in the SCSZ over North America are dominated by downtrends in SCE rather than increasing SAT. Over Eurasia, increasing SAT more strongly affects SHC than in North America. Overall, increasing SAT during late spring and early summer is the dominant factor that has resulted in SHC changes over the pan-Arctic domain, whereas reduced SCE plays a secondary role that is only important in the SCSZ.
The Use of Non-Confidential and Limited Confidential Information Obtained by Metadata Mining Outside the Context of Discovery Should Be Ethically Permissible
Authors: Chu Michelle K.
Published: April 2016

J.D. Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, 2015; B.S. Carnegie Mellon University, 2012. Thanks to Professor Lester Brickman and JS for their feedback.
Microbiomes Germ Clouds and the Future of DNA Jurisprudence
Authors: Salyards Jade
Published: April 2016

A scientific study published in Science in August 2014 revealed that every human lives inside their own microbial germ cloud, which is both mobile and traceable.  While microbiomes can potentially revolutionize the field of medicine, they may also transform the field of law by its use in tracking and identifying criminals.
Competing for Abrahamic Justice
Authors: Ochs Peter
Published: April 2016

Abrahamic Justice represents an alternative to modernity's “top-down” efforts to establish “universal” principles of human justice as well as to persistent efforts within each of the major religious traditions to universalize some regional account of what is “good and just”. The result of these efforts is an unhappy competition between secular and religious universalisms. Each kind of universal is promoted as an alternative to the other, as well as to the “relativism” that would seem to be the only third alternative. “Abrahamic justice” refers, instead, to “bottom-up” activities of inter-Abrahamic scriptural study and reasoning for the sake of generating inter-Abrahamic measures of social justice. This kind of justice therefore emerges out of relational, rather than relativistic sources. The purpose of these activities is to generate neither “universal” principles nor merely local claims, but, rather, to generate whatever kinds of measure are called for to meet the urgent inter-Abrahamic and inter-national needs of the day. Faithful to this approach, Prof. Peter Ochs speaks here from his own sub-tradition of Jewish scriptural study and rabbinic commentary, still hoping to offer claims about Justice that could potentially speak for participants from all three Abrahamic traditions.