bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of tensile and flexural properties of habesha moringa‐bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composite
Authors: Yassin Mohamed , Shahapurkar Kiran , Chenrayan Venkatesh , Alarifi Ibrahim M. , Alamir Mohammed A. , El‐Bagory Tarek M. A. A.
Published: May 2023

In the present investigation, moringa oleifera and bamboo fibers extracted from Ethiopia are studied to understand their mechanical properties. Three types of woven composites namely moringa/epoxy, bamboo/epoxy and moringa/bamboo/epoxy (hybrid) are fabricated by maintaining 60 vol% fiber content. Additionally, neat epoxy samples are prepared for comparison. Tensile and flexural properties are investigated in terms of strength and modulus. Tensile test results depict brittle failure for all composites and infer increase in fracture strain of woven composites as compared with neat epoxy. Tensile modulus and strength of woven composites increase in the range of 19%–39% and 18%–281%, respectively as compared with neat ones. Flexural stress–strain profiles of neat epoxy, moringa/epoxy and moringa/bamboo/epoxy composites linear curves until failure indicating brittle mode while bamboo/epoxy composites shows non‐linear stress–strain profiles revealing non‐brittle mode of failure. Flexural properties exhibited by bamboo/epoxy and moringa/bamboo/epoxy reveal comparable properties to each other yet superior than moringa/epoxy and neat epoxy composites mainly attributed to the good bonding of constituents and compatibility. All the woven composites reveal an increase in flexural modulus and strength and are in the range of 31%–96% and 5.79%–51.12%, higher than the neat epoxy. Finally, fractured surfaces of specimens are analyzed using scanning electron microscope to understand the structure property correlations.
Chemical fingerprint analysis and quality assessment of Tibetan medicine Triphala from different origins by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Long Xiao‐mei , Li Rong , Liu Hai‐peng , Xia Zong‐xiao , Guo Shuang , Gu Jian‐xing , Zhang Li‐jun , Fan Yuan , Chen Zu‐kun
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Although the Tibetan medicine Triphala (THL) is widely used in many countries, insufficient progress has been made in quality control.

Objectives

The present study aimed to propose a methodology for quality control of THL based on HPLC fingerprinting combined with an orthogonal array design.

Methods

Seven identified peaks were used as indicators to examine the effects of temperature, extraction time, and solid–liquid ratio on the dissolution of active ingredients in THL. Fingerprint analysis was performed on 20 batches of THL from four geographical areas (China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam). For further chemometric assessment, analysis techniques including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used to classify the 20 batches of samples.

Results

Fingerprints were established and 19 common peaks were identified. The similarity of 20 batches of THL was more than 0.9 and the batches were divided into two clusters. Four differential components of THL were identified based on OPLS‐DA, including chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, and corilagin. The optimal extraction conditions were an extraction time of 30 min, a temperature of 90°C, and a solid–liquid ratio of 30 mL/g.

Conclusion

HPLC fingerprinting combined with an orthogonal array design could be used for comprehensive evaluation and quality assessment of THL, providing a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of THL.
High aspect ratio triangular front contacts for solar cells fabricated by string‐printing
Authors: Van de Voorde Mathis , Andersons Janis , Saive Rebecca
Published: May 2023

We are presenting a novel method to fabricate high aspect ratio, triangular cross‐section solar cell front contacts, henceforth referred to as string‐printing. We optimized string‐printing to yield contacts with an aspect ratio larger than 1 and a light redirection efficiency or effective transparency of 67%, thereby mitigating most of the optical losses inherent to flat metallic front grids. In string‐printing, a string coated with silver paste approaches a substrate until contact is made. Withdrawing the string then leaves behind silver paste on the substrate. Here, we describe the fabrication method and show initial results including current density‐voltage curves of string‐printed silicon heterojunction solar cells, as well as the effective transparencies of the contacts. String‐printing is a scalable, low‐temperature process with high potential to boost commercial solar cell efficiency and lower the module price per Watt.
Lung clearance index in children with cystic fibrosis previously diagnosed with CRMS/CFSPID: A monocentric prospective experience
Authors: Terlizzi Vito , Fevola Cristina , Ferrari Beatrice , Castellani Chiara , Santini Giulia , Innocenti Diletta , Masi Eleonora , Bonomi Paolo , Lombardi Enrico , Taccetti Giovanni
Published: May 2023

Introduction

No data are available on the values and role of lung clearance index (LCI) in cystic fibrosis (CF) Screen Positive Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID) progressed to CF diagnosis (CFSPID > CF). This study aimed to assess the value of the LCI in correctly predicting the progression of CFSPID to CF.

Methods

This is a prospective study carried out at the CF Regional Center of Florence, Italy from September 1, 2019. We compared LCI values in children with CF diagnosed for positive newborn screening (NBS), CFSPID or CFSPID > CF for pathological sweat chloride (SC). The Exhalyzer‐D (EcoMedics AG, Duernten, Switzerland, software version 3.3.1) was used to conduct the LCI tests, every 6 months on stable children.

Results

Forty‐two cooperating children were enrolled (mean age at LCI tests: 5.4 years, range: 2.7−8.7): 26 (62%) had CF, 8 (19%) were CFSPID > CF for positive SC, while 8 (19%) kept the CFSPID label at last LCI test. The mean LCI value for patients with CF (7.39; 5.98−10.24) was statistically higher compared to both the mean LCI in the CFSPID > CF (6.62; 5.69−7.58) and in CFSPID (6.56; 5.64−7.21).

Conclusions

Most of asymptomatic CFSPID or progressed to CF have normal LCI. Further data on the longitudinal course of LCI during follow up of CFSPID and on larger cohorts is needed.
Is it time to end race and ethnicity adjustment for pediatric pulmonary function tests?
Authors: Non Amy L. , Akong Kathryn , Conrad Douglas J.
Published: May 2023

The continued inclusion of race in spirometry reference equations is a topic of intense debate for adult lung function, but less discussion has focused on implications for children. Obtaining accurate estimates of children's lung function is an important component of the diagnosis of childhood respiratory illnesses, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and interstitial lung disease. Given the higher burden among racial/ethnic minorities for many respiratory illnesses, it is critical to avoid racial bias in interpreting lung function. We recommend against the continued use of race‐specific reference equations for a number of reasons. The original reference populations used to develop the equations were comprised of children with restricted racial diversity, relatively small sample sizes, and likely included some unhealthy children. Moreover, there is no scientific justification for innate racial differences in lung function, as there is no clear physiological or genetic explanation for the disparities. Alternatively, many environmental factors harm lung development, including allergens from pests, asbestos, lead, prenatal smoking, and air pollution, as well as preterm birth and childhood respiratory illnesses, which are all more common among minority racial groups. Race‐neutral equations may provide a temporary solution, but still rely on the racial diversity of the reference populations used to build them. Ultimately researchers must uncover the underlying factors truly driving racial differences in lung function.
Distributed computation of the critical path from execution traces
Authors: Denys Pierre‐Frédérick , Fournier Quentin , Dagenais Michel R.
Published: May 2023

Due to the ever‐increasing number of computer nodes in distributed systems, efficient and effective tools have become crucial for their analysis. Although several efficient methods have been proposed to monitor and profile distributed systems, tracing remains the most effective solution for in‐depth system analysis. Tracing is the act of collecting a trace, which is a sequence of low‐level events generated by the kernel or the userspace. After data collection, the most important part is the event analysis. The paradigm and choice of graphs determine the ability of the user to detect abnormal behaviors and identify their root cause. Although tracing is a highly effective approach to analyzing complex systems, the scalability of the current analysis tools is limited. As a consequence, tracing is often impractical for large distributed systems. This paper identifies the shortcomings of the current approaches, most notably the critical path computation and the trace file transfer between nodes. Then, this paper proposes new solutions to these drawbacks, most notably a distributed algorithm to compute the critical path, that does not aggregate all traces in a single node, and an efficient architecture to perform tracing on distributed systems. These new solutions are made publically available.
Landowner and biologist perceptions of game bird predators and management
Authors: Fino Samantha R. , Gigliotti Larry M. , Pearse Aaron T. , Stafford Joshua D.
Published: May 2023

Nest survival has been identified as one of the most influential vital rates causing population change in game birds, and depredation, often influenced by habitat loss and fragmentation, is the primary cause of nest failure of upland game birds. We were interested in quantifying and comparing the perspectives of landowners and biologists in South Dakota regarding complex predator‐prey interactions to improve communication and management efficacy. We developed a questionnaire regarding the following: 1) general attitude statements about game bird species; 2) perceived impacts of 9 factors (e.g., development, pollution, predators) and 13 potential predators on game bird abundances; and 3) attitude statements regarding use of lethal predator control and nesting habitat management practices. A cluster analysis using landowner attitude statements about predator management identified 3 landowner segments that had strong (most supportive; 37%), moderate (moderately supportive; 35%), or weak (least supportive; 28%) attitude statements about lethal predator control. Landowner segments most supportive and moderately supportive of predator control rated predators as the primary negative factor impacting game bird abundances and agreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird abundance declines, whereas the landowner segment least supportive of predator control rated habitat loss as the top factor and disagreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird declines. Biologists rated habitat loss as the top factor negatively impacting game bird abundances and disagreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird abundance declines. Thus, when considering the effectiveness of strategies to reduce nest depredation, most landowners focused on the direct cause of nest failures (predators), whereas biologists focused on an indirect cause (habitat loss). Perception differences among these groups emphasizes the need for better communication on proximate and ultimate factors affecting game bird populations and how these differences may impact management decisions.
A History of South China Sea Hydrocarbon Seep Research
Authors: Feng Dong
Published: May 2023

As of approximately two decades after the first discovery of marine hydrocarbon seep systems in the 1980s, a number of hydrocarbon seep sites have been found in the South China Sea (SCS). During the past two decades, the SCS has become one of the areas in the world with the most intensive studies on hydrocarbon seep systems. The first major breakthrough was made in 2004, when the “Jiulong methane reef”, a large chemoherm carbonate build-up, was discovered during the Chinese–German research cruise in the NE Dongsha area. Continuous exploration in the following ten years has significantly enhanced the understanding of the SCS hydrocarbon seeps, e.g., their distribution, magnitudes, fluid sources, and ages. The second major breakthroughs were achieved during 2013–2015, with the discovery of active cold seeps from Site F to Yam to Haima by submersible vehicles. These active cold seeps have been revisited by remotely operated vehicles, Faxian, Haima, and ROPOS, and a manned submersible, Deep Sea Warrior. Submarine vehicles and robots are now essential for scientists to conduct multidisciplinary studies of seeps. South China Sea hydrocarbon seeps have received increasing scientific attention and are now among the best-studied seep areas globally. This chapter introduces the history of the study of SCS hydrocarbon seeps.
Classical geometry from the tensionless string
Authors: Knighton Bob
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Tensionless string theory on AdS3 × S3 × $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
is explored in the limit that the strings wind the asymptotic boundary a large number of times. Although the worldsheet is usually thought to be localised to the AdS boundary, we argue that the string can actually probe the bulk geometry in this limit. In particular, we show that correlation functions can be expressed in terms of a minimal-area worldsheet propagating in AdS3. We then relate the classical motion of the string to the twistor-like free field description of the tensionless worldsheet theory. Finally, we consider a particular dimensional reduction of AdS3 to AdS2, and show that the effective action of the worldsheet formally resembles the one-dimensional Schwarzian theory of JT gravity with conical defects.
Dynamical Black Hole Entropy in Effective Field Theory
Authors: Davies Iain , Reall Harvey S.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In recent work, Hollands, Kovács and Reall have built on previous work of Wall to provide a definition of dynamical black hole entropy for gravitational effective field theories (EFTs). This entropy satisfies a second law of black hole mechanics to quadratic order in perturbations around a stationary black hole. We determine the explicit form of this entropy for the EFT of 4d vacuum gravity including terms in the action with up to 6 derivatives. An open question concerns the gauge invariance of this definition of black hole entropy. We show that gauge invariance holds for the EFT of vacuum gravity with up to 6 derivatives but demonstrate that it can fail when 8 derivative terms are included. We determine an entropy for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory by treating it as an EFT with vanishing 6 derivative terms.
Projecting Architecture
Authors: Giencke Anneli
Published: May 2023

This research deals with the tangible perception of space, on paper and in physical form. It explores the translation of the real into the perceived and imagined environment. Through modelling and drawing, intangible spaces in the physical realm are elaborated with geometric features to project new spatial discoveries.
Rezidivierende Serratia-marcescens-Bakteriämie: Wer suchet, der findet
Authors: Banz Micha , Memisevic Nedim , Diab Mahmoud , Malouhi Amer , Hagel Stefan
Published: May 2023

Ein 79-jähriger Patient wird aufgrund einer rezidivierenden Serratia-marcescens-Bakteriämie stationär behandelt. Es konnten eine Infektion der Elektroden des implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) mit septischen pulmonalen Embolien und eine Spondylodiszitis diagnostiziert werden. Zusätzlich zur Antibiotikatherapie erfolgte die komplette Extraktion des ICD-Systems. Bei Patienten mit kardialen elektronischen Implantaten (CIED) und einer nicht hinreichend erklärbaren bzw. rezidivierend auftretenden Bakteriämie, unabhängig davon, um welchen Erreger es sich handelt, muss immer eine CIED-assoziierte Infektion ausgeschlossen werden.
Design and development of a new metamaterial sensor-based Minkowski fractal antenna for medical imaging
Authors: Jagadeesan Vijayalakshmi , Venkatachalam Dinesh , Vinod Vibin Mammen , Loganathan Ashok Kumar , Muthusamy Suresh , Krishnamoorthy Mahendran , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Geetha Mithra
Published: May 2023

The metamaterial sensor antenna is numerically designed to detect breast cancer using breast cancer cell lines, especially relying on the electrical characteristics of breast cancer cells, and designed antenna is measured and the results are observed. The metamaterial sensor antenna is a simple and efficient antenna which is designed using the Minkowski fractal curve with a ring-shaped Split Ring Resonator (SRR). The SRR is chosen because of its inductive and capacitive resonating properties. In addition, the Minkowski fractal curve is used as a defective ground structure to improve sensor sensitivity and selectivity. The numerical investigations are based on different iterations of the Minkowski fractal curve. In that iteration, the third iteration of the Minkowski fractal gives better results. The designed antenna is tested with breast cancer cell lines, and it resonates at a frequency of 2.35, 2.42, and 2.52 GHz for different dielectric constants and conductivity. The simulated design antenna is tested with different cancer cell lines like MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HS758-T to ensure its performance and selectivity. The measured result of the fabricated antenna shows that the antenna design resonates at the same frequency as the simulated antenna results.
Is preoperative sarcopenia associated with postoperative complications after pelvic exenteration surgery?
Authors: Bedrikovetski Sergei , Traeger Luke , Jay Alice A. , Oehler Martin K. , Cho Jonathan , Wagstaff Marcus , Vather Ryash , Sammour Tarik
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Pelvic exenteration (PE) involves radical surgical resection of pelvic organs and is associated with considerable morbidity. Sarcopenia is recognised as a predictor of poor surgical outcomes. This study aimed to determine if preoperative sarcopenia is associated with postoperative complications after PE surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who underwent PE with an available preoperative CT scan between May 2008 and November 2022 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and St. Andrews Hospital in South Australia. Total Psoas Area Index (TPAI) was estimated by measuring the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscles at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on abdominal CT, normalised for patient height. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on gender-specific TPAI cut-off values. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for major postoperative complications with a Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade ≥ 3.

Results

In total, 128 patients who underwent PE were included, 90 of whom formed the non-sarcopenic group (NSG) and 38 the sarcopenic group (SG). Major postoperative complications (CD grade ≥ 3) occurred in 26 (20.3%) patients. There was no detectable association with sarcopenia and an increased risk of major postoperative complications. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.01) and a prolonged operative time (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with a major postoperative complication on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia is not a predictor of major postoperative complications in patients undergoing PE surgery. Further efforts aimed specifically at optimising preoperative nutrition may be warranted.
Surgical and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (D3 + CME) for colon cancer: A prospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Tong Yixin , Xie Daxing , Li Haijie , Shen Jie , Gong Jianping
Published: May 2023

Background

Complete mesocolic excision (CME) or D3 lymphadenectomy led to survival benefits for locally advanced right colon cancer, but with vague definitions in anatomy and debated surgical hazard in clinic. Aiming to achieve a precise definition of it in anatomy, we proposed laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (D3 + CME) as a novel procedure for colon cancer. However, the surgical and oncological results of this procedure in clinic were uncertain.

Methods

We performed a cohort study involving prospective data collected from a single-center in China. Data from all patients who underwent right hemicolectomy between January 2014 and December 2018 were included. We compared the surgical and oncological outcomes between D3 + CME and conventional CME.

Results

After implementation of exclusion criteria, a total of 442 patients were included. D3 + CME group performed better in lymph nodes harvested (25.0 [17.0, 33.8] vs. 18.0 [14.0, 25.0], P < 0.001) and the proportion of intraoperative blood loss ≥ 50 mL (31.7% vs. 51.8%, P < 0.001); no significant difference was observed in the complication rates between two groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that a better cumulative 5-year disease-free survival (91.3% vs. 82.2%, P = 0.026) and a better cumulative 5-year overall survival (95.2% vs. 86.1%, P = 0.012) were obtained in the D3 + CME group. Multivariate COX regression revealed that D3 + CME was an independent protective factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.026).

Conclusion

D3 + CME could improve surgical and oncological outcomes simultaneously for right colon cancer compared to conventional CME. Large-scale randomized controlled trials were further required to confirm this conclusion, if possible.

Graphical Abstract
Beurteilung des Stellenwertes der neuropädiatrischen Diagnostik im Rahmen der initialen Autismusabklärung
Authors: Ruffing Sarah , Ullrich Christine , Flotats-Bastardas Marina , Poryo Martin , Meyer Sascha
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Die Diagnostik bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen ist aufgrund fehlender biologischer Marker und zahlreicher Komorbiditäten anspruchsvoll. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Stellenwert der neuropädiatrischen Diagnostik zu beurteilen und eine interne Leitlinie zu erstellen.

Methodik

Eingeschlossen wurden alle Patienten, die sich zwischen 04/2014 und 12/2017 in der neuropädiatrischen Ambulanz am Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes mit der Diagnose „tiefgreifende Entwicklungsstörungen“ (ICD-Code F84) vorgestellt haben.

Ergebnisse

Die Studie umfasste 82 Patienten (männlich 78 %, weiblich 22 %; Durchschnittsalter 5,9 ± 2,9 Jahre, Spanne 2 bis 16 Jahre). Häufigste Untersuchung war die Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) (74/82; 90,2 %); diese war bei 33,8 % (25/74) auffällig. Anhand der Anamnese und/oder des EEGs wurde bei 16/82 (19,5 %) Kindern die Diagnose „Epilepsie“ gestellt. Eine kranielle Magnetresonanztomographie (cMRT) erhielten 49/82 (59,8 %) der Patienten; 22/49 (44,9 %) zeigten mindestens einen auffälligen Befund; bei 14/22 (63,6 %) ließen sich eindeutige Pathologien feststellen. Eine Stoffwechseldiagnostik wurde bei 44/82 (53,7 %) Kindern veranlasst; bei 5/44 (11,4 %) resultierte daraus eine Diagnose oder der Verdacht auf eine Stoffwechselerkrankung. Das Ergebnis einer genetischen Diagnostik lag bei 29/82 (35,4 %) Kindern vor mit Auffälligkeiten in 41,4 % (12/29). Eine motorische Entwicklungsverzögerung war häufiger mit Komorbiditäten, EEG-Auffälligkeiten, Epilepsie und Auffälligkeiten in der Stoffwechsel- sowie genetischen Diagnostik assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung

Die neuropädiatrische Mitbeurteilung bei Verdacht auf Autismus sollte bei jedem Kind eine detaillierte Anamnese, eine neurologische Untersuchung sowie ein EEG beinhalten. Die Durchführung einer cMRT, einer Stoffwechsel- sowie einer genetischen Diagnostik wird nur bei klinischer Indikation empfohlen.
The adoption of conservation practices in the Corn Belt: the role of one formal farmer network, Practical Farmers of Iowa
Authors: Asprooth L. , Norton M. , Galt R.
Published: May 2023

Substantial evidence has shown that involvement in peer-to-peer farming networks influences whether a farmer decides to try a new practice. Formally organized farmer networks are emerging as a unique entity that blend the benefits of decentralized exchange of farmer knowledge within the structure of an organization providing a variety of sources of information and forms of engagement. We define formal farmer networks as farmer networks with a distinct membership and organizational structure, leadership that includes farmers, and an emphasis on peer-to-peer learning. This study complements existing ethnographic research on the benefits of organized farmer networking by examining farmers in one longstanding formal farmer network, Practical Farmers of Iowa. Using a nested, mixed-method research design, we analyzed survey and interview data to understand how participation and forms of engagement in the network are associated with the adoption of conservation practices. Responses from 677 farmers from a regular member survey disseminated by Practical Farmers of Iowa in 2013, 2017, and 2020 were pooled and analyzed. GLM binomial and ordered logistic regression results indicate that greater participation in the network, particularly through in-person formats, has a strong and significant association with greater adoption of conservation practices. Logistic regression results show that building relationships in the network is the most important variable for predicting whether a farmer reported adopting conservation practices as a result of participation in PFI. In-depth interviews with 26 surveyed member farmers revealed that PFI supports farmers to adopt by providing information, resources, encouragement, confidence building, and reinforcement. In-person learning formats were more important to farmers relative to independent formats because they were able to have side conversations with other farmers, ask questions, and observe results. We conclude that formal networks are a promising way to expand the use of conservation practices, particularly through targeted efforts to increase relationship building in the network through face-to-face learning opportunities.
Age-specific effects of weight-based body size on fracture risk in later life: a lifecourse Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Power Grace Marion , Tobias Jonathan H , Frayling Timothy M , Tyrrell Jessica , Hartley April E , Heron Jon E , Davey Smith George , Richardson Tom G
Published: May 2023

Musculoskeletal conditions, including fractures, can have severe and long-lasting consequences. Higher body mass index in adulthood is widely acknowledged to be protective for most fracture sites. However, sources of bias induced by confounding factors may have distorted previous findings. Employing a lifecourse Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach by using genetic instruments to separate effects at different life stages, this investigation aims to explore how prepubertal and adult body size independently influence fracture risk in later life.

Using data from a large prospective cohort, univariable and multivariable MR were conducted to simultaneously estimate the effects of age-specific genetic proxies for body size (n = 453,169) on fracture risk (n = 416,795). A two-step MR framework was additionally applied to elucidate potential mediators. Univariable and multivariable MR indicated strong evidence that higher body size in childhood reduced fracture risk (OR, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.82 to 0.96, P = 0.005 and 0.76, 0.69 to 0.85, P = 1 × 10− 6, respectively). Conversely, higher body size in adulthood increased fracture risk (OR, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.01 to 1.16, P = 0.023 and 1.26, 1.14 to 1.38, P = 2 × 10− 6, respectively). Two-step MR analyses suggested that the effect of higher body size in childhood on reduced fracture risk was mediated by its influence on higher estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in adulthood.

This investigation provides novel evidence that higher body size in childhood reduces fracture risk in later life through its influence on increased eBMD. From a public health perspective, this relationship is complex since obesity in adulthood remains a major risk factor for co-morbidities. Results additionally indicate that higher body size in adulthood is a risk factor for fractures. Protective effect estimates previously observed are likely attributed to childhood effects.
Direct and indirect effects of salinisation on riverine biota: a case study from river Wipper, Germany
Authors: Feld Christian K. , Lorenz Armin W. , Peise Matthias , Fink Manfred , Schulz Claus-Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Salinisation has direct and detrimental physiological effects on freshwater organisms, yet little is known about its indirect effects. Here, we present a study that investigated the primary and secondary effects of salinisation on aquatic macroinvertebrates. We analysed macroinvertebrate samples from nine sites in river Wipper, Germany against nine stressor variables (water quality, salinisation, hydromorphological degradation). A Principal Component Analysis showed water quality deterioration and physical habitat degradation to constitute the main stressor gradients. Two macroinvertebrate community metrics (index of general degradation and percent Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera specimens) revealed strong and significant positive correlations with water quality, but only weak and insignificant positive correlations with hydromorphological quality. High-resolution temporal measurements revealed notable oxygen deficits at a salinised and macrophyte-rich site that was dominated by the salt-tolerant macrophyte species Stuckenia [Potamogeton] pectinata (L.) Börner. At the site, oxygen levels frequently dropped below 6 mg/L during nighttime, suggesting an interaction of osmoregulatory stress (through salinisation) and respiratory stress (through plant mitochondrial respiration) that is caused by the mass development of a salt-tolerant macrophyte species. This biologically driven interaction of direct and indirect salinisation effects adds another level of complexity to the influence of multiple stressors in lotic systems and requires consideration in river management and restoration.
New evidence for the unique coexistence of two subfamilies of clawed perissodactyls (Mammalia, Chalicotheriidae) in the Upper Miocene of Romania and the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Kampouridis Panagiotis , Rățoi Bogdan Gabriel , Ursachi Laurențiu
Published: May 2023

Chalicotheres are a peculiar group of large herbivorous mammals, closely related to extant tapirs, rhinoceroses, and horses, but with large claws instead of hooves. The family Chalicotheriidae consists of two subfamilies, the Schizotheriinae and the Chalicotheriinae. Herein we present chalicothere remains from the Upper Miocene locality of Pogana 1 in Romania, identifying the schizotheriineAncylotherium pentelicumand an indeterminate chalicotheriine that were both found in the same stratigraphic layer. Thus, the Pogana 1 locality represents one of the very few confirmed cases of the co-occurrence of the two subfamilies within one fossiliferous horizon in the same fossil site. A detailed review of all localities where the two subfamilies have been reported to co-occur shows that this is a rare phenomenon that is almost exclusively observed in the Turolian of the Balkan-Iranian zoogeographical province. This is probably due to provincial differences in the palaeoenvironment. The data presented here support the hypothesis of a diverse mosaic environment in the Balkan-Iranian province with both closed environments and open habitats that was able to sustain a rich and diverse large mammal fauna.
Depression Socialization in Early Adolescent Friendships: The Role of Baseline Depressive Symptoms and Autonomous Functioning
Authors: Bernasco Esther L. , van der Graaff Jolien , Nelemans Stefanie A. , Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Branje Susan
Published: May 2023

There is mixed evidence for depression socialization, a process by which friends affect each other’s level of depressive symptoms. The current study examined whether adolescents’ baseline depressive symptoms and three dimensions of autonomous functioning (autonomy, peer resistance, and friend adaptation) make adolescents more or less sensitive to depression socialization, and how these dimensions of autonomous functioning were connected. In this preregistered, two-wave longitudinal study, participants completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms, autonomy, and peer resistance and participated in a task to assess friend adaptation. Participants were 416 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 11.60, 52.8% girls) across 230 close friend dyads. In contrast to expectations, results showed no significant depression socialization nor significant moderation. Furthermore, autonomy and peer resistance were related but distinct constructs, and not related to friend adaptation. These findings suggest that there is no depression socialization in early adolescence, regardless of level of autonomous functioning.
Meaning in Psychosis: A Veteran’s Critique of the Traumas of Racism, Sexual Violence, and Intersectional Oppression
Authors: Kalofonos Ippolytos
Published: May 2023

This clinical case study presents the case of a Latina Veteran experiencing psychosis and draws on eclectic theoretical sources, including user/survivor scholarship, phenomenology, meaning-oriented cultural psychiatry & critical medical anthropology, and Frantz Fanon’s insight on ‘sociogeny,’ to emphasize the importance of attending to the meaning within psychosis and to ground that meaning in a person’s subjective-lived experience and social world. The process of exploring the meaning and critical significance of the narratives of people experiencing psychosis is important for developing empathy and connection, the fundamental prerequisite for developing trust and therapeutic rapport. It also helps us to recognize some of the relevant aspects of a person’s lived experiences. To be understood, this Veteran’s narratives must be contextualized in her past and ongoing life experience of racism, social hierarchy, and violence. Engaging in this way with her narratives pushes us towards a social etiology that conceptualizes psychosis as a complex response to life experience, and in her case, a critical embodiment of intersectional oppression.
Investigating for Whom Brief Substance Use Interventions Are Most Effective: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis
Authors: Schweer-Collins Maria L. , Parr Nicholas J. , Saitz Richard , Tanner-Smith Emily E.
Published: May 2023

Prior research suggests that brief interventions (BIs) for alcohol and other drug use may vary in effectiveness across patient sociodemographic factors. The objective of this individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was to explore for whom BIs delivered in general healthcare settings are more or less effective. We examined variability in BI effects by patient age, sex, employment, education, relationship status, and baseline severity of substance use using a two-stage IPD meta-analysis approach. All trials included in a parent aggregate data meta-analysis (k = 116) were invited to contribute IPD, and 29 trials provided patient-level data (12,074 participants). Among females, BIs led to significant reductions in binge alcohol consumption ($$\overline{g }$$

g
¯

= 0.09, 95% CI [0.03, 0.14]), frequency of alcohol consumption ($$\overline{g }$$

g
¯

= 0.10, 95% CI [0.03, 0.17]), and alcohol-related consequences ($$\overline{g }$$

g
¯

= 0.16, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]), as well as greater substance use treatment utilization ($$\overline{g }$$

g
¯

= 0.25, 95% CI [0.21, 0.30]). BIs yielded larger reductions in frequency of alcohol consumption at 3-month follow-up for individuals with less than a high school level education ($$\overline{g }$$

g
¯

= 0.16, 95% CI [0.09, 0.22]). Given evidence demonstrating modest BI effects on alcohol use and mixed or null findings for BI effects on other drug use, BI research should continue to investigate potential drivers of effect magnitude and variation. 

Protocol registration details:

The protocol for this review was pre-registered in PROSPERO #CRD42018086832 and the analysis plan was pre-registered in OSF: osf.io/m48g6.
Lives of the Rohingya children in limbo: Childhood, education, and children's rights in refugee camps in Bangladesh
Authors: Shohel M. Mahruf C.
Published: May 2023

The Rohingyas, an ethnic minority of Myanmar, have been denied human rights, including nationality. For decades, they have suffered from brutal oppression, discrimination, violence, torture, unjust prosecution, murder, and extreme poverty. Hostile situations in Rakhine State have forced the Rohingyas to flee from their homes and seek refuge in neighboring Bangladesh and other countries, including India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and even distant Saudi Arabia. Many of the Rohingya refugees are children who escaped from their homeland with traumatic experiences and memories. In Bangladesh, the Rohingya children live in desperate conditions in overcrowded, makeshift refugee camps. They are exhausted, frustrated, and poorly nourished, and they have been battling diseases, including Covid-19, as their conditions have become more challenging and volatile. This article explores the historical context of this crisis and analyzes, from the human rights perspective, issues associated with the Rohingyas’ displacement and the impact it has had on the Rohingya children.
Characteristics of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who access palliative care: An observational study
Authors: Khan Nadia N. , Evans Sue M. , Ioannou Liane J. , Pilgrim Charles H. C. , Blanchard Megan , Daveson Barbara , Philip Jennifer , Zalcberg John R. , te Marvelde Luc
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Despite the benefits of palliative care (PC) in pancreatic cancer, little is known about patients who access PC. This observational study examines the characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer at their first episode of PC.

Methods

First-time, specialist PC episodes captured through the Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration (PCOC), in Victoria, Australia between 2014 and 2020, for pancreatic cancer, were identified. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the impact of patient- and service-level characteristics on symptom burden (measured through patient-reported outcome measures and clinician-rated scores) at first PC episode.

Results

Of 2890 eligible episodes, 45% began when the patient was deteriorating and 32% ended in death. High fatigue and appetite-related distress were most common. Generally, increasing age, higher performance status and more recent year of diagnosis predicted lower symptom burden. No significant differences were noted between symptom burden of regional/remote versus major city dwellers; however, only 11% of episodes recorded the patient as a regional/remote resident. A greater proportion of first episodes for non-English-speaking patients began when the patient was unstable, deteriorating or terminal, ended in death and were more likely to be associated with high family/carer problems. Community PC setting predicted high symptom burden, with the exception of pain.

Conclusion

A large proportion of first-time specialist PC episodes in pancreatic cancer begin at a deteriorating phase and end in death, suggesting late access to PC. Timely referrals to community-based specialist PC, access in regional/remote areas, as well as development of culturally diverse support systems require further investigation.
Imaginaries of a Bulletproof Cabin: An Investigation between Law, Semiotics, and Memory
Authors: Panico Mario
Published: May 2023

This article seeks to investigate the role that a symbol—connected to a legal event and a collective trauma—has in the construction of a past imaginary. It begins with a theoretical reflection on the role of the symbol as proposed by Juri Lotman and the function of repetition in the consolidation of collective memory. It subsequently focuses on the semiotic resonance of one specific object: the bulletproof cabin of the Nazi criminal Adolf Eichmann, used during his trial in Jerusalem, in 1961. I consider the ‘afterlives’ of this object, examining the different ‘remakes’ of Eichmann’s cabin in several mediatic and artistic contexts, focusing on the modalities that have anchored it to the post-1961 imaginary of the perpetrator and the legal consequences of his actions. To do so, the article proposes a typology of uses of the cabin, identifying the different nuances of its representation and how they encapsulate the thorny issues surrounding that infamous legal event.
Lesions of the prepuce and penis in rams: A retrospective study
Authors: Falchi L. , Pau S. , Ledda M. , Melosu V. , Zedda MT.
Published: May 2023

In the ovine reproductive management, a thorough breeding soundness evaluation including specific inspection of the male genital tract represents a valuable tool for assessing the reproductive potential of a selected subject and for diagnosing genital disorders. During examination, accurate inspection on penis and prepuce is necessary, since conditions affecting these structures may hamper regular coitus. Records from 1270 males undergoing breeding soundness evaluation (n = 1232) or admitted for genital disorders to the Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (n = 38) of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, were collected, and lesions of penis and prepuce were therefore classified. The data collected revealed that 47/1270 rams examined presented lesions of the penis and prepuce. The most frequent condition was urolithiasis accounting for over 2% of the cases, followed by lack of the urethral process (0.39% incidence), lack of the glans penis and hypospadias (0.23% cases). Moreover, most of the conditions (40%) were observed in animals less than 2 years old, suggesting the importance of a careful breeding soundness evaluation in animals at young age.
Tracking the early signals of crude oil in seawater and plankton after a major oil spill in the Red Sea
Authors: Kottuparambil Sreejith , Ashok Ananya , Barozzi Alan , Michoud Grégoire , Cai Chunzhi , Daffonchio Daniele , Duarte Carlos M. , Agusti Susana
Published: May 2023

Understanding the immediate impacts of oil spills is essential to recognizing their long-term consequences on the marine environment. In this study, we traced the early (within one week) signals of crude oil in seawater and plankton after a major oil spill in October 2019 in the Red Sea. At the time of sampling, the plume had moved eastward, but we detected significant signs of incorporation of oil carbon into the dissolved organic carbon pool, resulting in a 10–20% increase in the ultraviolet (UV) absorption coefficient (a254) of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), elevated oil fluorescence emissions, and depletion of the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of the seawater. The abundance of the picophytoplankton Synechococcus was not affected, but the proportion of low nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria was significantly higher. Moreover, specific bacterial genera (Alcanivorax, Salinisphaera, and Oleibacter) were enriched in the seawater microbiome. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) suggested that such bacteria presented pathways for growing on oil hydrocarbons. Traces of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also detected in zooplankton tissues, revealing the rapid entry of oil pollutants into the pelagic food web. Our study emphasizes the early signs of short-lived spills as an important aspect of the prediction of long-term impacts of marine oil spills.
Fishing Songs from Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania: A Case Study of Intangible Maritime Cultural Heritage on the Swahili Coast
Authors: Lubao Claudia B. , Ichumbaki Elgidius B.
Published: May 2023

Historically, fishers (both men and women) have engaged in different activities ranging from preparing fishing equipment (traps, nets, fishing vessels), weather forecasting, and sailing to fishing grounds and they continue to do so today. While sailing, fishers paddle collaboratively when the wind is low and when the boat is leaking, some crew will bail the vessel. Once they arrive at the fishing grounds, fishers cast anchor, mend the fishnets, and fix the boat foresheets. If successful, the fishers collect their catch, weigh the anchor, return to shore, and prepare to sell their fish. These fishing activities have always been accompanied by maritime customs, traditions, rituals, stories, and gestures. For instance, singing is one key tradition that has continued to accompany the fishing process from the start to the end. This paper documents and present the songs that have always been part of the fishing process in Kilwa Kisiwani, along the southern coast of Tanzania. The fishing songs are presented in the context of intangible cultural heritage of the east African Swahili coast.
Motivations and attitudes towards consulting eWOM when booking accommodation
Authors: Moliner-Velázquez Beatriz , Fuentes-Blasco María , Gil-Saura Irene
Published: May 2023

This study explores the process of formation of attitudes towards eWOM by analyzing the relationships among “perceived credibility, volume and confirmation of consulted eWOM—motivations—attitudes towards consulted eWOM”. Using a sample of 393 Spanish hotel guests, the results confirm this chain of relationships, except for the effect of volume on motivations, and the mediating role of these motivations. The novelty of this work lies in the study of eWOM behavior from the receiver’s perspective, since it analyzes the antecedents of eWOM motivations and their relationship with the attitudes towards that information.
“Coopetition” in the presence of team and individual incentives: Evidence from the advice network of a sales organization
Authors: Homburg Christian , Schyma Theresa R. , Hohenberg Sebastian , Atefi Yashar , Ruhnau Robin-Christopher M.
Published: May 2023

Team and individual incentives are ubiquitous in sales, but little is known about their impact on collaboration when they are applied simultaneously. The presence of both types of incentives creates a “coopetitive” environment, where forces of collaboration and competition coexist. We examine how such environments impact the likelihood (Study 1) and the effectiveness (Study 2) of collaboration in the form of advice exchange. Exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) of network data of 540 salespeople reveals that individual incentives promote advice seeking but discourage advice giving, and team incentives stimulate advice giving but reduce advice seeking (Study 1). We also find that the effectiveness of advice depends on advice givers (Study 2). In particular, when advice givers have diverse team incentives, the advice is more effective and the need for additional advice is reduced, but when advice givers have diverse individual incentives, the advice is less effective and additional advice helps.