bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The change of genetic and phenotypic variability of yield components after recurrent selection of maize
Authors: Deletic Nebojsa , Stojkovic Slavisa , Gudzic Slavisa , Biberdzic Milan
Published: October 2009

This paper deals with 31 SSD lines from ZP-Syn-1 C0 and 37 from ZP-Syn-1 C3 maize populations. After line selection and seed multiplication in the first year of the study, the trials were set during two years in Krusevac and Zemun Polje, in RCB design with three replications. Additive and phenotypic variances of yield components were calculated, as well as the estimation of genetic variability narrowing by multivariate cluster analysis. The differences in additive and phenotypic variances between the cycles were significant for ear length only and highly significant for grain row number per ear and for percent of root and stalk lodged plants. It means, a significant narrowing of additive and phenotypic variance occurred only for those three traits, and the other traits did not change their variability by selection in a significant manner. However, according to cluster analysis, distances among genotypes and groups in the zero selection cycle were approximately double than in the third one, but group definition was better in the third selection cycle. It can suggest indirectly to a total variability narrowing after three cycles of recurrent selection.
Stability of yield and yield components in maize hybrids
Authors: Cvarkovic Radomir , Brankovic Gordana , Calic Irena , Delic Nenad , Zivanovic Tomislav , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana
Published: October 2009

Two-year grain yield and 1000-grains mass data of 24 maize hybrids of FAO maturity groups 400, 500, 600, 700 were analyzed. Investigations were performed at the two environments in two years. Nonparametric methods of the Kubinger and the van der Laan-de Kroon showed genotype x environment interaction for both investigated features, and method of Hildebrand showed interaction for 1000-grains mass. Maize hybrids stability was estimated with stability parameters: Si(1)- the mean of the absolute rank differences over environments, Si(2)- the common variance of the ranks, Si(3).and Si(6): the sum of the absolute deviations and sum of squares of rank for each genotype relative to the mean of ranks, respectively. On the basis of the stability parametar values, the most stable and the most unstable hybrids were estimated for each FAO maturity group, for both investigated features. Correlation coefficients between both investigated features and stability parameters and for all pairs of stability parameters were computed. In spite of the positive correlations estimated between all four stability parameters, we can make two groups: the first group formed: Si(1)- the mean of the absolute rank differences over environments and Si(2)- the common variance of the ranks and the second group formed: Si(3) and Si(6)- the sum of the absolute deviations and sum of squares of rank for each genotype relative to the mean of ranks respectively.
Carbon paste electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry
Authors: Vytřas Karel , Svancara Ivan , Metelka Radovan
Published: October 2009

An overview is given dealing with the applications of carbon paste electrodes in equilibrium potentiometry as well as in electrochemical stripping analysis using both voltammetric and potentiometric modes. Various modifications of carbon pastes and carbon paste-based biosensors are also mentioned. The main emphasis in this article is directed at summarizing recent results of the authors' research group during the past few years.
Antioxidant status of atorvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients
Authors: Nasar Mohammad , Jarrari Abdalla , Naseer Mohammad , Subhani Tarannum , Shetty Beena , Shakeel Faiyaz
Published: October 2009

This study was an attempt to establish the extent of increased oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic patients and to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on the oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Blood samples of 15 subjects (age and sex matched) from three groups: group I (healthy subjects), group II (hypercholesterolemic patients with atorvastatin treatment) and group III (hypercholesterolemic patients without any hypolipidemic drug) were taken and centrifuged to separate the plasma, which was used for the determination of vitamin E. The separated cells were washed thrice with 0.90 % w/v cold normal saline and used for the assay of the percentage hemolysis of the RBCs, and the determination of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and hemoglobin. The levels of oxidative stress were higher in the hypercholesterolemic in comparison to the control and atorvastatin group. The levels of antioxidants were higher in the atorvastatin group than in the hypercholesterolemic one but were lower than the controls. From these findings, it was concluded that there is an increase in oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia but it decreased significantly after 2 months of atorvastatin therapy and antioxidant status also improves in patients taking atorvastatin.
Template synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of some new complexes with isonicotinoyl hydrazone ligands
Authors: Mitu Liviu , Raman Natarajan , Kriza Angela , Stănică Nicolae , Dianu Mariana
Published: October 2009

Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) with the 9-anthraldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone ligand (HL1) and the 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone ligand (H2L2) were synthesized by the template method. The complexes were characterized by analytical analysis, IR, UV-Vis and ESR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, conductometry and thermal analysis and the two ligands by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. From the elemental analysis, 1:2 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry for the complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) with the ligands HL1 and H2L2 and 1:1 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry for the complex of Co(II) with the ligand HL1 are proposed. The molar conductance data showed that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The magnetic susceptibility results coupled with the electronic and ESR spectra suggested a distorted octahedral geometry for the complexes Ni(II)/HL1, Ni(II)/H2L2 and Cu(II)/H2L2, a tetrahedral stereochemistry for the complex Cu/HL1 and a square-planar geometry for the complex Co/HL1. The IR spectra demonstrated the bidentate coordination of the ligands HL1 and H2L2 by the O=C amide oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen, as well as monodentate coordination of the ligand HL1 by the azomethine nitrogen in the Cu(II)complex. The antibacterial activity of the ligands and their metallic complexes were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Synthesis of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes with 2-monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles
Authors: Krishnamurthy Naik , Shashikala Narashimaiah
Published: October 2009

The reaction of the polymeric carbonyl complex [RuCl2(CO)2]x with 2-monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles and 1,4-bis(benzimidazol- 2-yl)benzene (L9) in 2-methoxyethanol produces various coloured complexes of the formulae [Ru(CO)2Cl2(L)2]?xH2O (L = 1-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L1), 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L4), 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (L5), 1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-2-p-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole (L7), 1-[1-(dimethylamino)benzyl]-2-[1-(dimethylamino) phenyl]benzimidazole (L10), x = 0; L = 2-benzylbenzimidazole (L8), 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (L9), x = 2; L = 1-(o-chlorobenzyl)-1-(o-chlorophenyl)benzimidazole (L6); x = 3), [Ru(CO)2Cl(L2)3]Cl?3H2O and [Ru(CO)2(L3)4]Cl2?3H2O (L2 = 1-(m-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(m-hydroxyphenyl)- benzimidazole; L3 = 1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, as well as infrared, electronic, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral studies.
The use of NaX zeolite as a template to obtain a mono-atomic pt dispersion by impregnation with Pt(II) acetylacetonate/acetone solution
Authors: Mentus Slavko , Mojovic Zorica , Radmilovic Velimir
Published: October 2009

The incorporation of platinum into the cavities of NaX zeolite was realized by impregnation and thermal decomposition of the organometallic compound Pt(II)-acetylacetonate dissolved in acetone. A high dispersion of platinum to predominantly mono-atomic particles was achieved thanks to the tight fit of the Pt(II)-acetylacetonate molecules in the aperture of the zeolite supercage. Using the high angle annular dark field imaging technique of HRTEM, individual Pt particles situated within the zeolite crystals were, for the first time, clearly visible. This offers new possibilities of studying the distribution of incorporated metal particles along the crystal depth.
Day Napping and Short Night Sleeping Are Associated With Higher Risk of Diabetes in Older Adults
Authors: Xu Qun , Song Yiqing , Hollenbeck Albert , Blair Aaron , Schatzkin Arthur , Chen Honglei
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE

To examine whether day napping or short night sleeping is associated with higher risk of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a prospective study of hours of day napping and night sleeping assessed in 1996–1997 in relation to diabetes diagnosed between 2000 and 2006 (n = 10,143) among 174,542 participants in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI were derived from multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Longer day napping was associated with a higher risk of diabetes. After adjustment for potential confounders, ORs were 1.23 (95% CI 1.18–1.29) for those reporting <1 h and 1.55 (95% CI 1.45–1.66) for those reporting ≥1 h of napping compared with individuals who did not nap (Ptrend < 0.0001). For night sleeping, with 7–8 h as the referent, the OR was 1.46 (95% CI 1.31–1.63) for <5 h, 1.11 (1.06–1.16) for 5–6 h, and 1.11 (0.99–1.24) for ≥9 h. In both analyses, additional adjustment for BMI only modestly attenuated the associations. Further analysis showed a statistically significant interaction between hours of napping and sleeping on diabetes (Pinteraction < 0.0001). Among participants with no napping, only short night sleeping was associated with higher occurrence of diabetes, whereas among those with ≥1 h of napping, both long and short sleeping was associated with higher risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Day napping and short night sleeping are associated with higher risk of diabetes. The association between sleep duration and diabetes may be modified by napping habit.
Convergence, Creative Industries and Civil Society: Towards a New Agenda for Cultural Policy and Cultural Studies
Authors: Mercer Colin
Published: October 2009

In this article I start with a personal experience “cameo” from 1996 in Australia and extrapolate from that some issues that remain relevant in the sometimes troubled relationship between cultural studies and cultural policy. These are encapsulated in the three “cs” of convergence, creative industries and civil society which provide a new context for both new research and new policy settings. The argument is developed and situated in historical terms by examining the “cultural technologies”, especially the newspaper, and subsequently print media in the 19th century, electronic media in the 20th century and digital media in the 21st century which provide the content, the technologies and the rituals for “imagining” our sense of place and belonging. This is then linked to ways of understanding culture and cultural technologies in the context of governmentality and the emergence of culture as a strategic object of policy with the aim of citizen- and population formation and management. This argument is then linked to four contemporary “testbeds” – cultural mapping and planning, cultural statistics and indicators, cultural citizenship and identity, and research of and for cultural policy – and priorities for cultural policy where cultural studies work has been extremely enabling and productive. The article concludes with an argument, derived from the early 20th century work of Patrick Geddes of the necessity of linking, researching, understanding and operationalising the three key elements and disciplines of Folk (anthropology), Work (economics), and Place (geography) in order to properly situate cultural policy, mapping and planning and their relationship to cultural studies and other disciplines.
Anne Scott Sørensen, Ole Martin Høystad, Erling Bjurström and Halvard Vike: Nye kulturstudier - En innføring, Oslo: Spartacus Forlag AS/Scandinavian Academic Press, 2008
Authors: Arvastson Gösta
Published: October 2009

Nye kulturstudier [New Cultural Studies] is the first introduction to cultural studies in Scandinavia and an impressive presentation of the subject. The book aims to explain how cultural studies emerged as an interdisciplinary field in humanities and social sciences. Other introductions to cultural research in ethnology and anthropology have been produced – but this one is different, since it is more comprehensive and ambitious.

Nye kulturstudier is the result of interdisciplinary collaboration between four colleagues from Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Senior lecturer Anne Scott Sørensen and Professor Ole Martin Høystad are affiliated to the Institute for Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. Professor Erling Bjurström belongs to Tema Q at Linköping University, and Professor Halvard Vike works at the Institute for Social Anthropology at Oslo University. The authors comment that they are oriented towards different subjects and educational programmes at their respective universities.

The book begins with a background to the theories and scientific traditions. This is followed by Cultural Analysis and Methodology, a chapter on Identity, Globalisation and Multiculturalism, one on Taste, Lifestyle and Consumption and, finally, by Nature, Body and Experience Landscapes.
Svante Beckman and Sten Månsson (ed.)
Authors: Ruth Arne
Published: October 2009

According to recent European statistics, Swedish cultural policy has succeeded remarkably well in achieving its original objective: to promote popular interest in the Arts. Sweden (closely followed by our Nordic neighbors) tops the list when it comes to participation in cultural activities. The figures are included in a body of statistics that, together with commentary by Sten Månsson of the Swedish Cultural Council, make up the greater part of Kultursverige 2009.
4-{[(3-Chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}-3-hydroxyphenyl Myristate
Authors: Ha Sie-Tiong , Ong Siew-Teng , Chong Yee-Ting , Yeap Guan-Yeow
Published: October 2009

A new Schiff base ester, 4-{[(3-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}-3-hydroxyphenyl myristate, was synthesized and its IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectroscopic data are presented.
3-Hydroxy-4-{[(3-nitrophenyl)imino]methyl}phenyl Tetradecanoate
Authors: Ha Sie-Tiong , Ong Siew-Teng , Chong Yee-Ting , Yeap Guan-Yeow
Published: October 2009

A new Schiff base ester, 3-hydroxy-4-{[(3-nitrophenyl)imino]methyl}phenyl tetradecanoate, was synthesized and its IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectroscopic data are presented.
New 1-Aryl-3-Substituted Propanol Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Pérez-Silanes Silvia , Berrade Luis , García–Sánchez Rory N. , Mendoza Adela , Galiano Silvia , Pérez-Solórzano Berta  Martín , Nogal-Ruiz Juan J. , Martínez-Fernández Antonio R. , Aldana Ignacio , Monge Antonio
Published: October 2009

This paper describes the synthesis and in vitro antimalarial activity against a P. falciparum 3D7 strain of some new 1-aryl-3-substituted propanol derivatives. Twelve of the tested compounds showed an IC50 lower than 1 μM. These compounds were also tested for cytotoxicity in murine J774 macrophages. The most active compounds were evaluated for in vivo activity against P. berghei in a 4-day suppressive test. Compound 12 inhibited more than 50% of parasite growth at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day. In addition, an FBIT test was performed to measure the ability to inhibit ferriprotoporphyrin biocrystallization. This data indicates that 1-aryl-3-substituted propanol derivatives hold promise as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of malaria.
A New Classification of Prodrugs: Regulatory Perspectives
Authors: Wu Kuei-Meng
Published: October 2009

Many therapeutic agents are manufactured and administered in prodrug forms. In this paper, a new classification system for prodrugs is proposed to provide useful information about where in the body a prodrug is converted to the active drug. In this system, prodrugs are classified into Type I or Type II and the respective Subtypes IA, IB, IIA, IIB or IIC based on their sites of conversion into the final active drug form. For Type I prodrugs, conversion occurs intracellularly (e.g., antiviral nucleoside analogs, lipid-lowering statins), whereas conversion of Type II prodrugs occurs extracellularly, for examples in digestive fluids, systemic circulation or other extracellular body fluids (e.g., etoposide phosphate, valganciclovir, fosamprenavir). Type IA prodrugs refer to those that are converted at the cellular targets of therapeutic actions, whereas Type IB prodrugs’ conversion occurs in the primary metabolic tissues such as liver, gut, or lung. For Type II prodrugs, the conversion process could either take place extracellularly in the milieu of gastrointestinal fluids (Type IIA), in the systemic circulation and/or other systemic extracellular fluid compartments (Type IIB), or near therapeutical target cells (Type IIC). A prodrug may belong to multiple categories and be recognized as a Mixed-Type prodrug. For example a prodrug may be converted both in target cells and metabolic tissues such as liver (i.e., named as a Type IA/IB prodrug), or one converted in both GI fluids and systemic circulations (i.e., named as a Type IIA/IIB prodrug). The Mixed-Type compound can be further distinguished as a Parallel Mixed-Type or Sequential Mixed-Type prodrug depending on the conversion processes that proceed with, either in concurrent or in sequential steps. Because traditional analysis of drug actions has always been focused on the site of action and mode of action, the proposed classification of prodrugs based on cellular locations of conversion is in line with current thought processes of regulatory review and risk assessment of both prodrug and active drug. By gaining insights regarding the site of action through prodrug nomenclature, risk benefit evaluation can be made more efficiently because both information on kinetics and impact of tissues involved are adequately revealed through prodrug subtype designated. In conclusion, the new system of classification will add to existing knowledge of prodrug classifications, and will provide improved insight into the contributory roles of both prodrug and active drug in the product’s efficacy and safety, and their risk-benefit assessment.
Bilateral angiosarcoma of the breast in a fourteen-year-old child
Authors: van Geel Albertus N , den Bakker Michael A
Published: October 2009

Malignant vascular tumors are rare and angiosarcomas of the breast in patients under 21 years of age are exceedingly uncommon. In this report an angiosarcoma in the breast of a 14-year-old girl is described. She died nine months after mastectomy with recurrent disease in the bones and the contralateral breast. The etiology of most primary angiosarcomas is unknown. Secondary angiosarcomas can develop after radiotherapy and chronic lymphedema. The histology of this angiosarcoma is illustrated.
Connected Components of Moduli Stacks of Torsors via Tamagawa Numbers
Authors: Behrend Kai , Dhillon Ajneet
Published: October 2009

Abstract.LetXbe a smooth projective geometrically connected curve over a finite field with function fieldK. Let Gbe a connected semisimple group scheme overX. Under certain hypotheses we prove the equality of two numbers associated with G. The first is an arithmetic invariant, its Tamagawa number. The second is a geometric invariant, the number of connected components of the moduli stack of Gtorsors onX. Our results are most useful for studying connected components as much is known about Tamagawa numbers.
The Minimal Resolution Conjecture for Points on the Cubic Surface
Authors: Casanellas M.
Published: October 2009

Abstract. In this paper we prove that a generalized version of the Minimal Resolution Conjecture given by Mustaţă holds for certain general sets of points on a smooth cubic surface X ⊂ P3. The main tool used is Gorenstein liaison theory and, more precisely, the relationship between the free resolutions of two linked schemes.
The role of ferroptosis as a regulator of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke
Authors: Delgado‐Martín Susana , Martínez‐Ruiz Antonio
Published: April 2024

Ferroptosis is a unique form of cell death that was first described in 2012 and plays a significant role in various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions. It depends on a dysregulation of cellular iron metabolism, which increases free, redox‐active, iron that can trigger Fenton reactions, generating hydroxyl radicals that damage cells through oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxides, resulting mainly from unsaturated fatty acids, damage cells by disrupting membrane integrity and propagating cell death signals. Moreover, lipid peroxide degradation products can further affect cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and amines. In ischemic stroke, where blood flow to the brain is restricted, there is increased iron absorption, oxidative stress, and compromised blood–brain barrier integrity. Imbalances in iron‐transport and ‐storage proteins increase lipid oxidation and contribute to neuronal damage, thus pointing to the possibility of brain cells, especially neurons, dying from ferroptosis. Here, we review the evidence showing a role of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke, both in recent studies directly assessing this type of cell death, as well as in previous studies showing evidence that can now be revisited with our new knowledge on ferroptosis mechanisms. We also review the efforts made to target ferroptosis in ischemic stroke as a possible treatment to mitigate cellular damage and death.
California bill would allow funding of drug‐free sites in Housing First
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2024

A bill introduced this month in the California State Assembly would end harm reduction's exclusivity as the approach to addressing persons with substance use issues who live in housing developed under state's Housing First guidelines. If approved, the legislation would allow up to 25% of state housing funds to be allocated to drug‐free housing under an abstinence model.
APA conference theme: Addiction
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2024

The theme of this year's annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) is “Confronting Addiction from Prevention to Recovery.” This is appropriate considering the crisis facing America and the fact that outgoing president Petros Levounis, M.D., is an addiction psychiatrist. ADAW will of course be at the meeting, which is in New York City and starts May 4. Among the sessions are (links will take you to the APA meeting website with presenters and descriptions of presentations).
More on methadone take‐home changes in SAMHSA final rule
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2024

The American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD) hosted two webinars on the final rule for opioid treatment programs, both of which we covered (see tk and tk). One of the key provisions is changes in take‐homes. The changes incorporate flexibilities of the COVID‐19 era, in which more take‐homes were allowed to limit the exposure of patients and staff to the virus. The new rule allows for up to seven days of take home doses during the first 14 days of treatments, and up to 14 doses up from 15 days of treatment and 28 take home doses from 31 days in treatment.” This month AATOD president Mark Parrino commented on various aspects of the rule, which he supports in general, to clarify the role of the OTP. Always the undercurrent exists that the OTP has full liability for any mishaps. And this is codified in the rule, which states: “The requirement that OTPs maintain procedures to protect take home from theft and diversion is finalized as well as patient education on safe transport and storage of take home doses, including documentation of the provision of this education and the patient's clinical record.” Parrino says: “To be clear, the OTP clinician makes the final determinations of who is eligible to receive take home medication. While toxicology reports should not be used punitively, they should be employed in providing objective information to the clinician within the OTP as to best ascertain who is most capable of handling take home medication at such early stages of treatment. We have stated this throughout our commentary on regulatory oversight of take home medication. There must be a balance in providing flexibility to the patients in order to retain the patients in treatment against the safety of providing such take home medication to an unsupervised individual. While we have learned that there is increased safety in providing such take home to patients as a result of the COVID‐19 experience, it does not relieve the OTP using careful balancing standards in order to provide safety and flexibility.”
Deposition of Functionally Graded Material Fabricated by Robot Plasma Arc Welding
Authors: Wu Wei , Wen Chunjie , Chen Zhengyu , Yao Ping , Yu Xiaoyan
Published: April 2024

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a new type of composite materials capable of facilitating the dependable bonding of dissimilar materials. A double‐wire plasma welding process is used to manufacture Stainless steel 316 L (SS316L)/Inconel 625 FGM. Subsequently, two thin‐walled structures with 5% gradient and non‐gradient are fabricated to investigate the morphology, microstructure, and properties in different gradients, focusing on the 67% SS316L region. In the findings, it is indicated that two depositions exhibit well‐formed structures with varying gradients and no macroscopic defects. The composition experiences an abrupt transition at the interface between depositions with a non‐gradient, whereas deposition with a 5% gradient does not exhibit this issue and demonstrates a higher effective deposition rate. The analysis of the energy dispersive spectrum indicates the presence of Nb elements at the grain boundary in the 67% SS316L region, with no observed cracks. This suggests resistance to cracking and impediment to the segregation of Nb. Additionally, the hardness and tensile strength in various regions exhibit a gradual increase with a 5% gradient of Inconel 625 content, while the tensile anisotropy is not noticeable. Consequently, the 5% gradient transition demonstrates a more favorable performance in comparison to the non‐gradient sample, resulting in the avoidance of the 75% SS316L region due to its poor performance.
Weight‐Reconfigurable Neuromorphic Computing Systems for Analog Signal Integration
Authors: Choi Young Jin , Roe Dong Gue , Li Zhijun , Choi Yoon Young , Lim Bogyu , Kong Hoyoul , Kim Se Hyun , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: April 2024

Owing to the necessity of high computation amounts has emerged, interest in a neuromorphic computing system has significantly increased as a compelling alternative to conventional CMOS technology. This paper presents a neuromorphic hardware algorithm to finely reconfigure multi‐input signal processing, which can be implemented as an advanced processor for diverse external information, and the hydrogen explosion risk assessment system is demonstrated as a proof of concept. Hydrogen concentration and temperature are used as sensory inputs for the signal integration and the precise values of them are determined by offsetting the effect of temperature on the electrical signal from the hydrogen sensor through a sensor circuit. Each signal is then updated by the weight control circuit and converted into a postsynaptic current to represent the hydrogen explosion risk using a multi‐input artificial synapse. This simplicity of the circuitry renders the fabrication of all components and circuits compatible with simple inkjet printing methods, enabling cost‐effective and high‐throughput manufacturing. Additionally, the real‐time demonstration of the neuromorphic computing system is successfully conducted, offering insights into the practical application of neuromorphic computing.
Strengthening Near‐Infrared Photon Harvesting in Semi‐Transparent All‐Polymer Solar Cells through the Synergy of Fluorination on the Selenide Monomer Backbone
Authors: Liu Wei , Yu Han , Liu Baoze , Wang Yan , Hu Huawei , Ng Ho Ming , Kwok Chung Hang , Yi Jicheng , Zhang Chen , Huang Fei , Zhu Zonglong , Yan He
Published: April 2024

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) offer promising potential for large‐scale manufacturing due to their remarkable mechanical and thermal stability. However, the limited capacity of polymer acceptors for near‐infrared (NIR) photon harvesting has impeded their progress in semi‐transparent (ST) all‐PSCs. Here, the study develops a pair of new NIR polymer acceptors, named PYSeF‐T and PYSe2F‐T, with mono‐/di‐fluorinated end groups capped to the selenide monomer backbone, respectively. Owing to the stronger intermolecular interaction and intramolecular charge transfer effect of the di‐fluorinated end groups with the selenide backbone, PYSe2F‐T exhibits a stronger crystallinity and a more bathochromic absorption to 1000 nm. When blended with the donor, PM6, the PY2SeF‐T‐based all‐PSC demonstrates a higher efficiency of 16.73% with a remarkable short‐circuit current (JSC) of 27.7 mA cm−2, which is the highest JSC for all‐PSCs. Based on these, the ST device based on PM6:PYSe2F‐T demonstrates a superior efficiency of 12.52% with an average visible transmittance of 26.2% and a light utilization efficiency of 3.28%, outperforming the mono‐fluorinated counterpart. The work provides an in‐depth understanding of the above synergistic effects to develop NIR polymer acceptors and establishes a solid foundation for future investigations into large‐area and flexible ST all‐PSCs.
Novel Natural Polymer‐Based Hydrogel Patches with Janus Asymmetric‐Adhesion for Emergency Hemostasis and Wound Healing
Authors: Sun Lanfang , Zhou Junyi , Lai Jieying , Zheng Xue , Wang Hanzhang , Lu Bin , Huang Runsheng , Zhang Li‐Ming
Published: April 2024

An asymmetrical wound dressing functions akin to human skin by serving as a protective barrier between a wound and its immediate environment. However, significant challenges persist concerning the robust adhesion and asymmetrical adhesion properties of hydrogels, particularly when applied in emergency hemostasis and wound healing contexts. Herein, the study has successfully synthesized hydrogel patches with Janus asymmetric‐adhesion, denoted as HGO‐C, exclusively comprised of natural polymers. This achievement is realized through the assembly of adhesive hydrogel (HGO) and non‐adhesive hydrogel (CGC), thereby amalgamating their distinct functionalities. The non‐adhesive hydrogel component served as a physical shield and safeguarding the wound against contamination, while the adhesive hydrogel, when in contacted with the wound surface, firmly adhered to it, swiftly arresting bleeding and facilitating wound healing. Cytocompatibility tests, hemolysis tests, antibacterial assays, and coagulation assays demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial, and hemostatic properties of HGO‐C. Finally, the in vivo experiments, including a liver hemorrhage assay and a wound healing assay, unequivocally showed the rapid hemostatic and enhanced wound healing capabilities of HGO‐C. Consequently, these distinctive hydrogel patches, derived from natural polymers and characterized by their asymmetric adhesion properties, may have great potential for real‐life usage in clinical patients.
pH‐Responsive Virus‐Based Colloidal Crystals for Advanced Material Platforms
Authors: Tran Bettina , Watts Samuel , Valentin Jules D. P. , Raßmann Nadine , Papastavrou Georg , Ramstedt Madeleine , Salentinig Stefan
Published: April 2024

Bacteriophages have a well‐defined nanoscale size, shape, and surface chemistry, making them promising candidates for creating advanced biomaterials for applications including biocatalysis, drug delivery, and biosensing. This study demonstrates the self‐assembly of the ≈29 nm diameter bacteriophage Qbeta (Qubevirus durum) with the synthetic polycation, poly [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (pMETAC), into compartmentalized colloidal crystals. The pH and the polymer chain length tune their self‐assembly and the resulting structure, with the potential for further chemical modification or loading with bioactive molecules. Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), multi‐angle dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used for studying the Qbeta self‐assembly into the geometrically ordered aggregates. The suprastructures form at pH > 7.0 and disassemble at pH < 7.0. Zeta potential measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show pMETAC adsorption onto the negatively charged Qbeta surface. The colloidal crystal formation is achieved without chemically modifying the Qbeta surface. Additionally, the Qbeta/pMETAC suprastructures can be easily separated from the suspension as macroscopic aggregate, maintaining their activity. Their simple preparation allows for large‐scale production of advanced materials in food and health science applications and nanotechnology. The insights from this study will further advance the tailored design and production of novel colloidal materials.
PNIPAM/PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels for Multifunctional Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Lopez‐Larrea Naroa , Wustoni Shofarul , Peñas Mario Iván , Uribe Johana , Dominguez‐Alfaro Antonio , Gallastegui Antonela , Inal Sahika , Mecerreyes David
Published: April 2024

The development of multifunctional organic materials represents a vibrant area of research, with applications spanning from biosensing to drug delivery. This study shows the development of a multifunctional bioelectronic device suitable for prolonged temperature monitoring and drug delivery applications. The device relies on a conducting and thermo‐responsive hydrogel made of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). This multifunctional hydrogel is 4D printable by Digital Light Processing (DLP) method and exhibits optimal biocompatibility. The hydrogel features a low critical solution temperature (LCST) ≈35 °C, above which its resistance changes dramatically due to the shrinkage it undergoes with temperature. The integration of PNIPAM/PEDOT hydrogel into an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) as the gate electrode allows to generate a miniaturized bioelectronic device with a reversible response to temperature variations between 25 to 45 °C, along with high sensitivity of 0.05 °C−1. Furthermore, the PNIPAM/PEDOT hydrogel demonstrates its utility in drug delivery, achieving an Insulin‐FITC release rate of 82 ± 4% at 37 °C, mimicking human body conditions. The hydrogel's functionality to store and release the insulin does not compromise its thermo‐responsivity and the overall performance of the OECT. This multifunctional OECT opens new avenues for the development of customizable and personalized sensing and drug‐delivery systems.
Biaxial Mechanochromic Behaviors of Mechanically Heterogeneous Colloidal Photonic Crystal Weave
Authors: Cho Youngki , Oh Chi Yeung , Son Eun Ji , Kim Young‐Seok , Shim Tae Soup
Published: April 2024

Non‐close‐packed colloidal photonic crystals (CPhCs) are widely employed in biomimetic strain sensors as they exhibit mechanochromism due to changes in the crystal lattice spacing under stress. However, the structural color of a CPhC film with an incompressible polymer matrix changes with modulation of the film thickness due to deformation, which makes it difficult to visualize the magnitude and direction of the stress. To address this limitation, elastic modulus‐controlled CPhC films with stress‐responsive mechanochromic behavior are fabricated. While each CPhC film shows the same color change under constant strain, the color change is controlled differently under constant stress. Combining CPhC films prepared with different modulus values enhanced the strain‐responsive mechanochromic sensitivity by ≈25 times. A mechanically heterogeneous weave structure demonstrates a unique biaxial mechanochromic response based on the direction of the stress. These findings suggest that CPhC films can serve as versatile strain/stress sensors that provide visual information about the magnitude and direction of applied stress in multiple dimensions.
Wet Chemical Engineering of Nanostructured GRIN Lenses
Authors: Becerril‐Castro I. Brian , Turino Mariacristina , Pazos‐Perez Nicolas , Xiaofei Xiao , Levato Tadzio , Maier Stefan A. , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A. , Giannini Vincenzo
Published: April 2024

Gradient‐index (GRIN) lenses have long been recognized for their importance in optics as a result of their ability to manipulate light. However, traditional GRIN lenses are limited on a scale of tens of microns, impeding their integration into nanoscale optical devices. This study presents a groundbreaking self‐assembled method that overcomes this limitation, allowing for constructing GRIN lenses at an extremely small dimension. The self‐assembly process offers several advantages, including creating highly precise, scalable, cost‐effective, and complex structures that eliminate the need for intricate and time‐consuming manual assembly. By engineering densely packed arrays of metallic nanoparticles, exceptional control over the local refractive index has been achieved. This is accomplished by layer‐by‐layer assembly of gold nanoparticles of different sizes over silica beads. A GRIN lens light‐sink is built where light is preferentially directed toward the center, which is corroborated by measuring the fluorescence of Rhodamine B (RhB) in the inside. Unlike traditional bulky macroscopic GRIN lenses, light‐sinks boast a size under 2.5 µm. Notably, the self‐focusing effects of this design allowed us to track the growth of single‐nanoparticle layers using SERS (Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy). These results pave the way for designing and developing lens‐like devices at the nanoscale, allowing unprecedented light manipulation.
Self‐Repairable Hybrid Piezoresistive‐Triboelectric Sensor Cum Nanogenerator Utilizing Dual‐Dynamic Reversible Network in Mechanically Robust Modified Natural Rubber
Authors: Mandal Subhradeep , Arief Injamamul , Chae Soosang , Tahir Muhammad , Hoang Tung X. , Heinrich Gert , Wießner Sven , Das Amit
Published: April 2024

The greener alternatives to tactile‐integrated multimodal sensors with self‐powered and self‐healing abilities are highly desirable for all‐in‐one autonomous sensing systems, particularly impressive in diverse application ranges including smart home, healthcare, and e‐skin. The dynamically self‐healable, stretchable piezoresistive sensors, and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) reported herein are constructed by a facile, industrially viable method of grafting imidazolium ions on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) backbone. Owing to cation‐π and π–π interaction between the percolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐network and the imidazolium ions formed by non‐covalent interactions, the interfacial adhesion between the filler and elastomer is shown to improve considerably. The sensors show high piezoresistive strain sensitivity, reversible ionic network‐assisted self‐healability (efficiency ≈80%) and wide‐ranging detectability for precise monitoring of human movements. Both the healed and pristine sensors feature low hysteresis and stable electrical outputs over a wide strain range (≤200%). While achieving rapid self‐healing efficiency, the substrates are shown to exhibit remarkable robustness for harsh climates owing to significant mechanical toughness. Supported by excellent triboelectric tactile sensitivity (2.12 V N−1), the multifunctional TENG‐enabled sensor yields superior power density (0.16 mW cm−2). Moreover, the TENG module exhibits high force sensitivity and ease of operation that are considered versatile for all‐weather integrated tactile solutions for future technology.
Polymer Engineering Enables High Linear Capacity Fiber Electrodes by Microenvironment Regulation
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Yibo , Liu Yan , Yan Fang , Zhu Zhenwei , Chen Xibang , Qiu Jingyi , Zhang Hao , Cao Gaoping
Published: April 2024

Unlike bulky and rigid traditional power systems, 1D fiber batteries possess appealing features such as flexibility and adaptability, which are promising for use in wearable electronic devices. However, the performance and energy density fiber batteries are limited by the contradiction between ionic transfer and robust structure of fiber electrodes. Herein, these problems are addressed via polymer engineering to regulate the microenvironment in electrodes, realizing high‐linear‐capacity thick fiber electrodes with excellent cycling performance. The porosity of the electrodes is regulated using polymer crosslink networks designed with various components, and lithium‐ion transfer is optimized through ether‐abundant polymer chains. Furthermore, reinforced covalent bonding with carbon nanotube networks is established based on the modified functional groups of polymer networks. The multiscale optimizations of the porous structure, ionic transportation, and covalent bonding network enhance the lithium‐ion dynamics property and structural stability. Therefore, ultrahigh linear‐capacity fiber electrodes (17.8 mAh m−1) can be fabricated on a large scale and exhibit excellent stability (92.8% after 800 cycles), demonstrating obvious superiority among the reported fiber electrodes. Moreover, this study highlights the high effectiveness of polymer regulation in fiber electrodes and offers new avenues for designing next‐generation wearable energy‐storage systems.
Understanding of G × E interactions of yield attributes in soybean MAGIC population and characterization for charcoal rot resistance
Authors: Maranna Shivakumar , Nataraj Vennampally , Kumawat Giriraj , Mehetre S. P. , Reddy Rajendra , Jaybhay Santosh , P. G. Suresh , Rathod Santosha , Agrawal Nisha , Rajesh Vangala , Kumar Sanjeev , Rajput Laxman Singh , Talukdar Akshay , C. Gireesh , Chandra Subhash , Ratnaparkhe Milind B. , Ramteke Rajkumar , Satpute Gyanesh K. , Gupta Sanjay , Singh K. H.
Published: April 2024

Multi‐parent advanced generation inter‐cross (MAGIC) populations have been developed and utilized in crop improvement programs in several economically important crops. In the current study, soybean (Glycine max L.) MAGIC population was evaluated at four locations to identify stable and high‐yielding MAGIC RILs (recombinant inbred lines) and to understand the genotype and environmental interaction for grain yield and attributing traits. For different traits under study, pooled analysis of variance indicated the significant genotype × environmental interactions at p < 0.01. RILs such as G236, G455, G159, G493, and G488 found ideal for grain yield across the four environments. Through multi‐trait genotype‐ideotype distance index ideotype‐MAGIC RILs have been identified for each location. Significant positive correlation of grain yield with pods per plant, 100‐seed weight, plant height, number of nodes per plant, and branches per plant has been identified. Under field conditions, screening of F2:3 generation of MAGIC population revealed that only 59 progenies exhibited adult plant resistance for charcoal rot disease (caused by Macrophomina phaseolina). Although under controlled conditions parental genotypes EC 572136 and EC 572109 found to be partially resistant with least mean necrosis length, MAGIC RILs (F2:8) showed variable reaction. Thus, the study established diverse genetic resources useful for both mapping and varietal development program.
Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from coconut fibers and its application as solid polymer electrolyte membranes
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Syamsaizar Aziz Daka , Hermanto Sandra , Sitanggang Boy Chandra , Tawa Bibiana Dho , Kareem Aseel Ameer , Hayati Atika Trisna , Ramadhoni Benni F. , Sofyan Muhammad Ihsan , Annas Dicky , Prasetyo Joni , Marlina Anita , Sabrina Qolby , Yulianti Evi , Sudaryanto  , Wahyuningrum Deana , Arcana I Made
Published: April 2024

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the important cellulose derivatives, and it can be developed as a host polymer for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane. This study aimed to synthesis of CMC from coconut fiber cellulose and it was applied to prepare the SPE membranes. Cellulose isolation was conducted through the delignification and bleaching process, while the CMC synthesis was conducted through alkalization and carboxymethylation treatments. SPE membranes were prepared by blending CMC with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) (80/20) and mixed with various weight percentages of LiOAc at room temperature. SPE membranes characterizations were conducted using FTIR, EIS, XRD, SEM, and tensile testing. Cellulose and CMC yields were 23.1% and 65.44%, respectively. Incorporating 20 wt% LiOAc into the CMC/CMCh (80/20) SPE membrane yielded the highest ionic conductivity of 1.37 × 10−3 S/cm. Based on the results, CMC obtained from coconut fibers has the potential to produce solid polymer electrolyte membranes with some modification.
Ensemble‐based classification using microRNA expression identifies a breast cancer patient subgroup with an ultralow long‐term risk of metastases
Authors: Block Ines , Burton Mark , Sørensen Kristina P. , Larsen Martin J. , Do Thi T. N. , Bak Martin , Cold Søren , Thomassen Mads , Tan Qihua , Kruse Torben A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Current clinical markers overestimate the recurrence risk in many lymph node negative (LNN) breast cancer (BC) patients such that a majority of these low‐risk patients unnecessarily receive systemic treatments. We tested if differential microRNA expression in primary tumors allows reliable identification of indolent LNN BC patients to provide an improved classification tool for overtreatment reduction in this patient group.

Methods

We collected freshly frozen primary tumors of 80 LNN BC patients with recurrence and 80 recurrence‐free patients (mean follow‐up: 20.9 years). The study comprises solely systemically untreated patients to exclude that administered treatments confound the metastasis status. Samples were pairwise matched for clinical‐pathological characteristics to minimize dependence of current markers. Patients were classified into risk‐subgroups according to the differential microRNA expression of their tumors via classification model building with cross‐validation using seven classification methods and a voting scheme. The methodology was validated using available data of two independent cohorts (n = 123, n = 339).

Results

Of the 80 indolent patients (who would all likely receive systemic treatments today) our ultralow‐risk classifier correctly identified 37 while keeping a sensitivity of 100% in the recurrence group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed independence of voting results from current clinical markers. Application of the method in two validation cohorts confirmed successful classification of ultralow‐risk BC patients with significantly prolonged recurrence‐free survival.

Conclusion

Profiles of differential microRNAs expression can identify LNN BC patients who could spare systemic treatments demanded by currently applied classifications. However, further validation studies are required for clinical implementation of the applied methodology.
Rib fracture secondary to cough‐induced trauma
Authors: Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Hashim Hashim Talib , Hashim Ali Talib
Published: April 2024

Key clinical message

Early identification of rib fractures, even in young patients without chronic diseases, is essential. Prompt diagnosis facilitates appropriate management, aiding in pain control and addressing underlying causes such as persistent coughing. Additionally, vigilance for complications such as pneumothorax and rib displacement is crucial for optimizing patient care.