bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF SHARP INJURY AMONG STAFF NURSES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Consultant, Department of Community Health, Dimapur, Nagaland, India., Imchen Tsusennaro , Kumari Reema ,   Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KGMU, Lucknow, UP, India., Mishra Shradha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, UP, India.
Published: March 2023

Background:Healthcare settings pose a major occupational hazard to their employees. Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) are one of the major risk factors for blood-borne infection among healthcare workers. Materials and Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary healthcare hospital in Lucknow district with the objectives of assessing the prevalence of sharp injury among staff nurses and the safety precautions taken after the occurrence of sharp injury. The study participants included the staff nurses at various departments of the hospital who were randomly selected for the study. Thus a total of 85 staff nurses were selected and interviewed after taking verbal consent. Results and Discussion: The majority (54.1%) of the staff nurses were in the age group of 26-35 years. Out of the total, 32.9% had an incident of sharp injury. Needle (67.9%) accounted for the maximum injury. Of the total that got injured, injury occurred during the use of sharp item (82.1%) and of the total that got injured, only 28.6% took post-exposure prophylaxis as injection TT. Conclusion: In the present study almost half of the participants had an occurrence of sharp injury over the past one year. And poor post exposure prophylaxis practices were observed.
Optimization of water use in Coffea arabica L. grown under different agronomic practices
Authors: Castanheira Dalyse Toledo , Guimarães Rubens José , Rezende Tiago Teruel , Carvalho Milene Alves de Figueiredo , Knuppel Caroline Abreu , Carvalho Raphael Comanducci da Silva
Published: March 2023

Lower water availability due to climate change has dramatically affected coffee yields and quality. Characteristics related to plants and soil can be explored to obtain more productive and sustainable coffee production under adverse crop conditions. To this end, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for using different agronomic practices to optimize water use in coffee plants and to mitigate the effects of lower water availability to the crop. In the plots, three soil management systems (polyethylene film, brachiaria and bare soil) were used. In the subplots, two types of fertilizers were used (conventional and controlled-release fertilizer). Five soil conditioners (coffee husk, gypsum, water-retaining polymer, organic compost, and the control) were distributed throughout the sub-subplots. The plant growth, soil moisture, leaf physiology and anatomy, and soil chemical properties of coffee plants were analysed. The management of the soil cover using polyethylene film or brachiaria stood out as agronomic practices that can be combined with coffee husk applications to enable the better use of water by coffee plants and to favour soil conditioning. Controlled-release fertilizer and gypsum allowed for improvements in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the plants. The use of organic compost favoured greater water availability; however, it caused losses in terms of coffee growth and physiological parameters due to nutritional imbalance. Therefore, based on results, the use of polyethylene film, brachiaria, controlled-release fertilizer, coffee husks, and gypsum are potential agronomic practices for optimizing water use and mitigating the effects of water deficit in coffee plants
Spatial relation of weed competition and soil fertility in soybean farming
Authors: Furtado José Augusto Lima , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Oliveira Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de , Santos Antonio Clementino dos , Costa Tiago Vieira da , Silva Marcelo de Sousa da , Souza Jarlyson Brunno Costa , Sousa Washington da Silva , Ponte Islana Silva , Freitas José Roberto Brito
Published: March 2023

Soybean is one of the main crops in Brazil, with a significant share of national agribusiness exports. Nonetheless, several factors such as weed competition and soil fertility directly affect soybean yield and productivity. This study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of weeds as a function of soil fertility and soybean yield in farming fields. We carried out the experiment on a farm located in Brejo, Maranhão state, Brazil, through a geostatistical analysis of 60 sampling points on a regular grid of 10.0 m x 50.0 m. At these points, we collected phytosociological information on the weed community, soil fertility, and soybean yield. We performed principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the most responsive variables and to group them. We determined spatial dependence through geostatistical procedures, with the interpretation and adjustment of variogram components. We identified seven weed species, distributed across seven genera and six botanical families, of which 76.78% were eudicotyledons. In the cluster analysis, we grouped monocotyledonous species separately from eudicotyledons as explained by the morphophysiological contrasts between these botanical classes. Soybean yield did not correlate with soil fertility or weeds. These two factors can be considered only as a share of soybean productivity because their individual variations do not directly influence production factors. The efficient management of weeds and soil fertility should result in a more uniform and potencially more soybean yield when other conditioning factors are also effective
Intercrops of grass with legumes as green manure for agroecological systems
Authors: Gut Guilherme Alexandre Pacheco , Neto João Virgínio Emerenciano , Santos Rodrigo da Silva , Melo Roseli Freire de , Nogueira Daniel Maia , Difante Gelson dos Santos , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Santana Ítalo Luís Oliveira
Published: March 2023

The stud article aimed to assess the accumulation and rates of nutrients in the biomass of the consortium of millet and leguminous plants for green fertilisation. The treatments were consortia of millet with four different leguminous plants: Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Mucuna aterrima, and Dolichos lablab. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomised design with four replications. The species of each consortium were planted in a line, at a distance of one metre apart. The aerial part of the plants was harvested after 90 days to determine the botanical composition, intercropping biomass, and the amount and accumulation of macronutrients in the biomass. The Millet mass did not differ among the consortia. However, among the legumes, M. aterrima has the highest mass (2806.31 kg/ha DM), which is reflected in the lower ratio of leguminous grasses in the millet consortium with M. aterrima (4.61). The consortia affected the rate and accumulation of P, B, and Fe. The biomass of the millet consortium with C. cajan presented the lowest rate. In addition, the accumulation of K, Mg, and Zn was low in this consortium. The biomass of millet intercrops with M. aterrima, D. lablab and C. ensiformis showed higher accumulations of K, Ca, and Mg. The highest accumulation of N was observed in the biomass of the consortium with M. aterrima (50.71 kg/ha). The rates and accumulations of Cu and Zn were higher in the consortium with M. aterrima. The consortium of millet with the leguminous plants is a sustainable alternative for fertilisation. The consortia with M. aterrima and D. lablab are the most promising ones, due to the higher proportion of plants.
Similarity networks in genotypes of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp for green-grain production
Authors: Pessoa Angela Maria dos Santos , Bertini Cândida Hermínia Campos de Magalhães , Costa Emanuel Magalhães da , Sousa Tomil Ricardo Maia de , Silva Anderson Rodrigo da , Sillva Ana Kelly Firmino da
Published: March 2023

Cowpea is one of the most significant food and nutrient sources worldwide, with importance in three primary market sectors: dry grains, seeds, and the expanding green-grain sector. This study aimed to identify phenotypic patterns for selection in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp genotypes for green-grain production using similarity networks and identify its morpho-agronomic variables with greater discrimination ability. The rainfed experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the horticultural sector at the Plant Science Department of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil, with 42 treatments. Three seeds were sown per hole, and the plants were thinned to two plants per hole, 15 days after sowing. Characterization was performed based on quantitative and qualitative variables, and the data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance based on an augmented block design. The conjugate distance matrix for the variables was graphically represented using similarity networks to identify phenotypic patterns. The results indicated that genotypes CE-164, 207, 999, 994, 1002, and 1007 should not be used in breeding programs for green-pod production since they show genetic similarity within commercial cultivars. The variables of days to fruiting, green-pod length, green-pod width, green-pod thickness, and green-grain thickness contribute to genetic divergence and have high heritability values. Crosses between cowpea genotypes CE-165, 244, 22, 96, and 98 can yield gains in green-grain production in advanced generations.
Analysis of optimum age and maximum increment of forest stands for developing community forests
Authors: Rachman Imran , Kadeko Indrianto , Alam Andi sahri , Malik Adam , Effendy Effendy
Published: March 2023

The community forests are one of the main suppliers of wood needs in the future. They require careful attention to the wood type to be planted, preferably choosing plants that have a short cycle. The demand for wood for the community is increasing, while the supply of timber from state forests to the wood processing industry is decreasing. This research aimed to analyze the optimum age and maximum increment of community forest stands and which species were more profitable. This research was done in a community forest with tropical environmental type. This research was quantitative, calculating the maximum volume cycle and Mean Annual Increment (MAI) values in community forest stands. The results show that the maximum volume increment was found in jabon (Anthocepalus sp) stands, namely at the age of 8 years, with a total of 600 trees/ha, an average diameter of 30 cm, an average height of 13 m, a total volume of 330.64 m3/ha, and a mean annual increment (MAI) of 41.33 m3/ha/year. Jabon stands at the age of 8 years were suitable for harvest because they reached the maximum volume increment in the soil types of Hapludults Dystrudepts, Haplustepts Haplustalfs, and Endoaquepts Udifluvents
Cover crops biomass yield grown as a 2nd summer crop in relation to sowing periods
Authors: Oligini Karine Fuschter , Batista Vanderson Vieira , Barhy Carlos André , Conceição Paulo César , Sartor Laércio Ricardo , Adami Paulo Fernando
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate cover crop precocity and biomass yield growth as a 2nd summer crop after soybean at different sowing periods (January 2nd; February 2nd and March 2nd at 2019 and January 27th and March 3rd at 2020). Experiment was laid out as a randomized block design in a 3x3 factorial for each sowing period, in the 2019 and 2020 off-seasons, being factor A represented by the cover crops (Urochloa brizantha cultivar Xaraés, Crotalaria juncea cultivar IAC-KR-1 and Pennisetum glaucum cultivar ANm 38,) and factor B by the evaluation periods along cover crops development cycle. There was an interaction between cover crops and evaluation period for plant height and dry matter yield for both years. C. juncea and P. glaucum showed faster growth, regardless of the evaluation period and sowing periods, compared to U. brizantha in both years. Cover crop biomass yield reduced as sowing period is delayed from January to March to an extend that P. glaucum yield dropped from 14.6 to 4.2 t DM ha-1 at 2019 and from 14.4 to 6.9 t DM ha-1 at 2020 as a result shorter photoperiod and lower temperature. The same was noticed to U. brizantha and C. juncea which showed yields of 11.676 and 8.800 and 2.220 and 2.555 kg ha-1 at April 29th of 2019 and 12.507 and 7.812 and 3.041 and 2.346 kg DM ha-1 at June 18th 2020 respectively for January and March sowing periods. U. brizantha and C. juncea are more viable 90 days, while P. glaucum showed the fastest dry matter accumulation rate. All species are viable due to the benefits they provide to the productive system, which becomes more diversified and therefore more sustainable
Evaluation of the main regulators of extracellular matrix metabolism in healthy adolescents in the Far North
Authors: Lukiyanchik Yu. D. , Malinina E. I. , Chernysheva T. V. , Gapon L. I. , Petelina T. I. , Leonovich S. V. , Zueva E. V. , Petrov S. A.
Published: March 2023

Myocardial remodeling is well-known to be both an adaptive option under certain conditions of life (sports, pregnancy, etc.), and the result of cardiovascular pathology. The study of the features of cardiac remodeling includes the involvement of cardiomyocytes in the process by the level of troponins, creatine phosphokinase, and its cardiac isoform as markers of ischemia and necrosis. Also, neurohormonal rearrangement is evaluated using a natriuretic peptide, and endothelial dysfunction is determined using a C–reactive protein. The level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) reflects the degree of the proteolytic activity and collagen fibers’ degradation. However, there are no clear biochemical markers of “adaptive heart” and pathological changes in different age periods, in the climatic environment, various types and severity of sports loads, especially when evaluating matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors. The primary task in determining the criteria for pathological remodeling of the myocardium becomes the definition of normative indicators.The aim of the study was to determine the reference values of the main biochemical markers of cardiac remodeling in healthy adolescents living in the Far North. The levels of troponin I, creatine phosphokinase-MV, aspartate aminotransferase did not exceed the generally accepted standard values. There were correlations between lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and mass-growth indicators of adolescents. Markers of extracellular matrix degradation (MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-4, MMP-9/ TIMP-1) differed from the data available in the published studies, which is probably due to the influence of tissue hypoxia associated with the climatic living conditions and the age in children of the study group.
The new prospects for the development of children cardiologic rehabilitation at sanatoriums of Yevpatoria health resort
Authors: Sukhareva G. E.
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the prospects of rehabilitation of children with congenital cardiovascular anomaly, including those after surgery. The author provides evidence that it is essential to create a system of physical, psychological, and social rehabilitation for this category of patients at all stages of medical care: in hospital, at the sanatorium, and during the follow-up, taking into account the basic principles of rehabilitation (an early start, a stage-by-stage approach, coherence, continuity, consistency, individualization of the rehabilitation plan, etc.). The sanatorium treatment at the famous climatic and balneological children’s health resorts of the Black Sea coast appears to be the most physiologically relevant stage contributing to the improvement of the regulatory processes of cardiac activity and providing optimal results of restorative treatment and rehabilitation for the young patients with congenital heart defects in the remote postoperative period. The creation of the All-Russian Rehabilitation Center for children with cardiovascular pathology, including children after heart surgery, in the Republic of the Crimea should be considered in the context of the further development and implementation of measures in accordance with the List of Instructions of the President of the Russian Federation following the meeting of the Coordinating Council under the President of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the National Strategy of Action in the Interests of Children for 2012–2017 of March 31, 2017.
The experience of rituximab therapy in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: the preliminary results of two-center cohort study
Authors: Kalashnikova E. M. , Raupov R. K. , Lyubimova N. A. , Kuchinskaya E. M. , Masalova V. V. , Isupova E. A. , Gaidar E. V. , Dubko M. F. , Snegireva L. S. , Sorokina L. S. , Kornishina T. L. , Kaneva M. A. , Chikova I. A. , Likhacheva T. S. , Kolobova O. L. , Kalashnikova O. V. , Chasnyk V. G. , Kostik M. M.
Published: March 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immunopathological disease which is characterized by a poor prognosis. Biologics applied in the disease treatment allow reducing the corticosteroid toxicity and controlling the disease.Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy in children with systemic lupus erythematosus.Material and methods. The retrospective study included data of 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab. Systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed based on the SLICC classification criteria. Patients were assessed at baseline disease status, at the time of rituximab initiation and follow-up. The indications for the rituximab were: lupus nephritis, CNS involvement, and hematological involvement resistant to the standard therapy, and in cases of severe corticosteroid toxicity.Results. During rituximab therapy the significant decrease of the SELENA–SLEDAI activity index was observed. There was a significant decrease of the level of antibodies against dsDNA, normalization of the levels of hemoglobin, ESR, complement C4. The proportion of patients with cytopenia decreased up to their complete absence in patients receiving therapy for three years. The number of patients with active lupus nephritis decreased from 16 at the time of rituximab initiation to 1 after 3 years of therapy. Significant dynamics of proteinuria and hematuria was noted, except for 1 patient. The daily dose of corticosteroids was reduced by 90% from baseline in patients treated for 3 years. Serious adverse events included three deaths in patients with high systemic lupus erythematosus activity with uncontrolled macrophage activation syndrome associated with infections. Various infectious complications, hypogammaglobulinemia, which required replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin, were also recorded.Conclusion. Rituximab can be considered as an option for the treatment of severe forms of systemic lupus erythematosus which are resistant to standard therapy. Further studies are required to evaluate efficacy and safety.
Determinants affecting online shopping consumers’ satisfaction and repurchase intention: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Tri Cuong Dam
Published: March 2023

E-commerce has altered how people purchase because of the growth of the internet. Nowadays, customers prefer shopping online rather than visiting physical stores. The goal of this study is to research the factors influencing online consumers’ satisfaction and repurchase intention in Vietnam. This study uses two underlying theories: technology acceptance model and expectation-confirmation model. After carefully discussing background theories and reviewing the marketing literature, the paper suggests a research model relevant to Vietnam’s circumstances. In addition, 312 online shoppers in Vietnam were surveyed using a Google Form and a non-probability approach. According to the findings, determinant factors (perceived ease to use, perceived usefulness, website design quality, and price perception) positively correlate to online shoppers’ satisfaction and repurchase intention. The results also disclosed that perceived usefulness was the factor that had the most influential impact on online shoppers’ satisfaction and repurchase intention. Finally, the study provided recommendations for managers, limitations, and suggestions for further research.
AcknowledgmentThe author acknowledges Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City that supported this study.
Novel “The Palace of Illusions” (2008) by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni as an Example of Cross-cultural Hybridization
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maretina Ksenya A.
Published: March 2023

In the novel The Palace of Illusions (2008) by the popular Indian-American writer Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, the ancient Indian epic Mahābhārata is narrated from the point of view of its main heroine Draupadi. Thus, the author gives a new reading and interpretation to the text, which is an extremely important and revered part of the Indian cultural heritage. The image of Draupadi in the novel does not correspond to the traditional figure of the epic heroine. Her motives and character are “modernized” and are made easy to connect for a contemporary and reader; her aspirations and her voice belong to a woman of the present day. At the same time, it can be found that on the ideological level the novel follows quite closely the philosophical concepts of the ancient Indian epic. To come to this conclusion, in my study the main ideas of the novel were compared with the philosophical provisions present in the Bhagavadgītā, that is part of the sixth book of the epic and is perceived today as the doctrinal, philosophical and moral core of the Mahābhārata. In the novel by Ch. B. Divakaruni, the stories of mythical past are reconstructed, reinterpreted from the standpoint of modernity, and used to find answers to questions that are relevant to us today (about an individual quest for purpose, love and happiness, place in the world, etc.). At the same time, The Palace of Illusions combines elements of modern Western and traditional Indian worldviews. Thus, the novel is addressed both to orthodox traditionalists and to representatives of the diaspora, who are losing touch with their cultural heritage. It can be viewed as an interesting example of cultural, as well as cross-cultural hybridization.
National Peculiarity in the Works of Realistic Egyptian Writers of the Middle of the 20th Century
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Uspenskaya Nina A.
Published: March 2023

The significance of literature heritage of any people consists in the fact, that the personages of this literature reflect the main national peculiarity of this people as a living, developing system, which represents a part of the whole mankind. Hertsen, Belinsky, Karamzin and many other philosophers paid special attention to the national originality. Among the factors determining the national peculiarity is the linguistic factor. The way of speaking of literature heroes signifies much. Another factor, which forms the inner world and spiritual demands, is religion. The way of thinking varies depending on social, economic, cultural and other factors. So, the way of thinking of fellah (peasant) and citizen is different. Way of life, family traditions, environment also have great influence on the forming of national character, and the detailed description of life of the personages represents rich material for the research, even the way of cooking played significant role, because it reflects the traditions, the history and longtime experience. Also, we consider the humor, because of its determination by opinions, habits, and public mood. Many Arabic novels appeared by the influence of the works of Western and Russian writers. In this case may be very useful the comparative method.
Business ecosystems under crisis conditions: Identifying risk factors
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kachalov Roman М. , Sleptsova Yulia A. ,   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

Goal: the purpose of this study is to identify new risk factors due to changes in the external conditions of the functioning of business ecosystems. Methodology: the methodological tools in this work are the system economic theory in terms of the development of ecosystem economics, and the operational theory of risk management, supplemented by a phenomenological approach to risk management. Findings: we have identified the risk factors of object, process, project and environmental subsystems in the activities of business ecosystems and compared them for the conditions of the pandemic and sanctions from foreign countries. We have proposed such a structuring of the economic space within the business ecosystem, which allows analyzing, clarifying and specifying the range of possible risk factors for the given conditions of activity from a systematic standpoint, not to skip significant and not to include unnecessary factors in consideration. Originality and contribution: the originality and novelty of the approach to the identification of risk factors is characterized by the use of systemic economic theory, which allows to distinguish four types of basic socio-economic systems (object, project, process and environmental) on a spatiotemporal basis.
Factors of the resilience of small businesses under external shocks in Russia (based on the longitudinal study data)
Authors:   Institute Foundation “Public Opinion”, Egorova Anastasia I. , Chepurenko Alexander Yu. ,   Faculty of Social Sciences, HSE University
Published: March 2023

Goal: this article analyzes the impact of a number of factors of a different nature on the financial and economic “resilience” of the business of Russian small entrepreneurs during the period of external shocks (Pandemic, situation across Ukraine). Methodology: the empirical base of the papers consist of the data of five waves of small business longitudinal study (initial number — 750 people), implemented in 2021–2022 by the Foundation “Public Opinion”. To analyze the panel data, multinomial logistical regression with fixed effects was chosen (FE-model). Findings: the article shows that: the age of the business is not a significant factor that can explain the resilience of the business reaction to external shocks; the larger the market, the higher the likelihood that the business will either be sustainably developing even during shocks, or will perform resiliently under external shocks; opportunity driven motivation is more likely to promote resilience than necessity driven motivation, and is more often typical for entrepreneurs whose businesses are even growing under external shocks; the use of innovations does not lead to business resilience under external shocks — at least on the materials of the available panel of respondents. Originality and contribution: the paper’s contribution to the existing literature consists of following. First, it is the first attempt to differentiate several factors which presumably might affect SMEs resilient reaction on external shocks taking the dynamics of their behavior, but not basing on the data of a one-time study. It came out that neither the age of business, nor the use of innovative solutions have any prolonged impact on it. Moreover, the share of resilient businesses led by entrepreneurs driven by the opportunity to increase their income is similar to those necessity driven entrepreneurs, while IDO entrepreneurs it is much higher. The finding that the volume of the market is positively connected with the resilience during shocks confirms the importance of studying the effects of the volume of businesses’ operations on its stable performance. The limitation of the study is as a relatively short period of observation (July 2021 — July 2022).
Managerial innovations antecedents perception by employees of Russian companies
Authors:   Graduate School of Business, HSE University, Guseva Natalya I. ,   Graduate School of Business, Université Paris Dauphine, Sovetkin Yaroslav D. ,   SIBUR LLC,   Graduate School of Business, HSE University
Published: March 2023

Goal: managerial innovations (MI) have become important research topic within the global scientific community, and also represent one of the most important source of competitive advantages for leading multinational companies. The purpose of this article is to study the perception of MI antecedents by employees of Russian large private companies of chemical and oil & gas industries. Methodology: the theoretical part of the research is presented by bibliographic analysis of 265 Russian and international scientific sources. The empirical basis of the research consists of the survey of 252 employees from 8 Russian large private companies, representing chemical and oil-&-gas industries, and semi-structured interviews with 12 top-managers of these companies. Findings: the authors of this article proposed multilevel approach for description of managerial innovations antecedents based on the results of theoretical part of the research. Within proposed framework three most significant antecedents had been highlighted: MI companies’ values and employees’ KPI fit; involvement of employees in the process of MI implementation; interaction of an organization with the external environment. The data obtained during the empirical part of the research provided the basis for development of practical tool — “Model of Managerial innovations antecedents’ perception”. This model consists of 17 practical recommendations for each of the three multilevel antecedents for implementation of management innovations. Originality and contribution: proposed multilevel approach for description of managerial innovations antecedents allows fill the research gap in theoretical basis of scientific sources covering the issue of managerial innovations. Using “Model of Managerial innovations antecedents’ perception” will provide control and predictability of the process of managerial innovations implementation in large private Russian companies of chemical and oil-&-gas industry.
Trusts in mixed jurisdictions
Authors:   University of Genoa, Lupoi Maurizio
Published: March 2023

Closed legal systems are gone in modern world, “mixed” legal systems have become the norm. That has made so-called “transplants” easier but, contrary to a widely held view, legal institutions cannot be transplanted. English trust rules even less, for they are not a coherent set of rules. The British attempted to legislate on trusts for their colonies, for instance for Ceylon (the present-day Sri Lanka), and were thus obliged to be coherent. That made it necessary to introduce new legal concepts with unforeseeable consequences. A wave of legislation followed the adoption of the convention “On The Law Applicable To Trusts And On Their Recognition” by the 15th session of the Hague Conference on private international law (1985); it gave birth to the “international model” of trusts that quickly became the favourite setting of the rich and ultra-rich. Jersey in the Channel Islands was the leading jurisdiction, many others followed but it was not until the establishment of the International Finance Centres in the Gulf and later in Kazakhstan where “the laws of England and Wales” are taken as a source of law and local courts are staffed by former English judges or in any event by lawyers brought up in the common law that a proper transplant of the English trust took place. A totally different legal setting witnessed attempts to create imitations that had to run against well-established civil law conceptual attitudes that did not allow the existence of more than one patrimony per person or the segregation of assets within one person’s patrimony. In 2022 France decreed that each businessman is automatically the owner of two patrimonies; that open the way to a radical re-thinking of civil law notions. Québec and Louisiana are taken as examples of civil law legislation on trusts but Québec has followed its own idea that the assets that form the object of a fiducie belong to nobody, while Louisiana’s Trust Code is a deft admixture of civil law and common law elements based on the civilian notion of “fiduciary”. Luxembourg, France and other civil law countries are then examined: the focus then is on South Africa and Scotland, two countries which have a common past in a shared period of the European ius commune and a common present in being both orphaned from a cultural lineage that provided answers to current matters by drawing on Roman law. Now they both solve the problem of the patrimony by holding that a trustee has more than one patrimony, his own and then one for each trust of which he is the trustee.
The doctrine of error in the law of Louisiana and Quebec
Authors:   LLC Technologies of Confidence — Legal Services, Kornilina Polina
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of a comparative-legal analysis of the doctrine and practice at the contract conclusion in the mixed legal jurisdictions of the state of Louisiana (USA) and the province of Quebec (Canada). The jurisdictions in question were significantly influenced by the continental civil law tradition as well as the common law tradition. Thus it is of interest to consider how the mixed nature is reflected in the principles of error, and to the formation of which legal structures it has led to. The author offers the results of a comparative legal study of the mixed jurisdictions of Louisiana (USA) and Quebec (Canada), in which the doctrine of error has received a codified regulation. The author analyzes and compares the application of the criteria of significance of an error, in particular, such as the criteria of causality, recognizability of the error by the opposite party, apologizability of the error. The legal consequences of significant error in the state of Louisiana and the province of Quebec, which consist in the possibility to annul the contract, are considered. The study is useful for the development and improvement of the domestic doctrine of error.
Promising Repurposed Antiviral Molecules to Combat SARS-CoV-2:
A Review
Authors: Ratan Yashumati , Rajput Aishwarya , Jain Vivek , Mishra Dinesh Kumar , Gautam Rupesh Kumar , Pareek Ashutosh
Published: March 2023

COVID-19, an extremely transmissible and pathogenic viral disease, triggered a global
pandemic that claimed lives worldwide. To date, there is no clear and fully effective treatment for
COVID-19 disease. Nevertheless, the urgency to discover treatments that can turn the tide has led
to the development of a variety of preclinical drugs that are potential candidates for probative results.
Although most of these supplementary drugs are constantly being tested in clinical trials
against COVID-19, recognized organizations have aimed to outline the prospects in which their
use could be considered. A narrative assessment of current articles on COVID-19 disease and its
therapeutic regulation was performed. This review outlines the use of various potential treatments
against SARS-CoV-2, categorized as fusion inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase inhibitors, which include antiviral drugs such as Umifenovir, Baricitinib, Camostatmesylate,
Nafamostatmesylate, Kaletra, Paxlovide, Darunavir, Atazanavir, Remdesivir, Molnupiravir,
Favipiravir, and Ribavirin. To understand the virology of SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic
approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, synthetic methods of potent drug candidates,
and their mechanisms of action have been addressed in this review. It intends to help
readers approach the accessible statistics on the helpful treatment strategies for COVID-19 disease
and to serve as a valuable resource for future research in this area.
Molecular Targeting and Novel Therapeutic Approaches against
Fungal Infections
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bansal Priya , Katiyar Deepti , Prakash Surya , Raghavendra Rao Nidagurthi Guggilla
Published: March 2023

Background:

Fungal infections have become a worldwide problem due to
their involvement in numerous diseases. The risk factors for fungal infections are multiple
surgeries, transplant therapies, frequent administration of antibiotics, cancer
treatments, and prosthetic devices. The problem of resistance in fungi against drug
therapies is widespread, becoming a severe health-related problem.

Objective:

The study's objective was to identify molecular targets that may open new
paths for fungal treatment.

Methods:

Several research and review articles were studied to gather information
regarding the novel mechanism of antifungal drugs. However, identifying novel targets
is challenging due to the similarities between host and fungal cells. Although, the
plasma membrane and cell wall of fungus offer various drug targets that may target to
fight against microbial infections. Unfortunately, biofilm formation and over-expression
of protein are a few mechanisms through which fungi develop resistance.

Results:

Despite these problems, several approaches have been working to prevent
and treat fungal infections. Modifying the chemical structure of antifungal drugs may
also improve their activity and pharmacokinetics. In this review article, we have discussed
the molecular targets and novel techniques to be used for the development of
antifungal drugs. In addition, different strategies to overcome resistance in fungi have
also been described.

Conclusion:

This article may be helpful for the researchers working on the discovery
and development of new antifungal works for resistance to fungal diseases.
Can the New BA.2.75 Sub-variant Lead To One More COVID-19 Wave?
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: March 2023

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The highly transmissible variation of COVID-19 has a new sub-variant known as a variant
BA.2.75, which was initially discovered in India and is now found in at least 10 more countries. The
World Health Organization (WHO) officials said that the new variant is actively being monitored. It
has yet to be determined if the new variation is more clinically severe than its predecessors. It is known
that the Omicron strain sub-variants are responsible for this rise in the worldwide COVID tally. It is
too early to know if this sub-variant exhibits additional immune evasion characteristics, or is more
clinically severe.

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The extremely contagious BA.2.75 sub-variant of Omicron has been documented in India, but there is
no evidence yet that it has increased disease severity or dissemination. Many of the BA.2 lineage's sublineages
form a unique collection of mutations as it evolves. A related branch of the BA.2 lineage is
B.2.75. The size of genomic sequencing must be increased and maintained for the early detection of
the variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. BA.2.75 is the second generation of BA.2 variations and has a
high transmissibility level.
Historical interactive virtual reality learning in college
Authors: Setiawan Risky , Nugroho Alifi Nur Prasetia , Hadi Kuncoro , Laksana Novianto Yudha , Widianto Hardian Wahyu
Published: March 2023

Virtual Reality provides many benefits in learning because it can create a variety of simulation situations that can not be done due to obstruction of danger or high costs. This research aims to research and develop learning media in history using virtual reality technology. This research and development use ADDIE's research steps method (analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate). The Delphi method carried out product validation using four media experts and four historians. The product trial phase uses 400 students in two study programs to see the effectiveness of the products developed. Research development have produced a prototype product website platform with expert feasibility assessment (product validation) results. The results of the media expert assessment are 3.88 (feasible), and the expert assessment material of 4.09 (possible). The media tested on 400 students obtained satisfactory results, with the average overall score reaching 4.23 or in the category of "Very Worthy."
Preparación del suelo en el cultivo de la soya
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: March 2023

El éxito de la producción de soya depende en gran parte de la preparación del terreno para la siembra. Esta debe realizarse inmediatamente después de cosechar el cultivo anterior. En este vídeo se presentan algunas recomiendaciones para la preparación del suelo.
Preparing for an Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Future: Patient Perspectives on Engagement and Health Care Professional Training for Adopting Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Health Care Settings
Authors: Jeyakumar Tharshini , Younus Sarah , Zhang Melody , Clare Megan , Charow Rebecca , Karsan Inaara , Dhalla Azra , Al-Mouaswas Dalia , Scandiffio Jillian , Aling Justin , Salhia Mohammad , Lalani Nadim , Overholt Scott , Wiljer David
Published: March 2023

Background

As new technologies emerge, there is a significant shift in the way care is delivered on a global scale. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been rapidly and inexorably used to optimize patient outcomes, reduce health system costs, improve workflow efficiency, and enhance population health. Despite the widespread adoption of AI technologies, the literature on patient engagement and their perspectives on how AI will affect clinical care is scarce. Minimal patient engagement can limit the optimization of these novel technologies and contribute to suboptimal use in care settings.

Objective

We aimed to explore patients’ views on what skills they believe health care professionals should have in preparation for this AI-enabled future and how we can better engage patients when adopting and deploying AI technologies in health care settings.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted from August 2020 to December 2021 with 12 individuals who were a patient in any Canadian health care setting. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation occurred. A thematic analysis approach outlined by Braun and Clarke was used to inductively analyze the data and identify overarching themes.

Results

Among the 12 patients interviewed, 8 (67%) were from urban settings and 4 (33%) were from rural settings. A majority of the participants were very comfortable with technology (n=6, 50%) and somewhat familiar with AI (n=7, 58%). In total, 3 themes emerged: cultivating patients’ trust, fostering patient engagement, and establishing data governance and validation of AI technologies.

Conclusions

With the rapid surge of AI solutions, there is a critical need to understand patient values in advancing the quality of care and contributing to an equitable health system. Our study demonstrated that health care professionals play a synergetic role in the future of AI and digital technologies. Patient engagement is vital in addressing underlying health inequities and fostering an optimal care experience. Future research is warranted to understand and capture the diverse perspectives of patients with various racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Preparing for an Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Future: Patient Perspectives on Engagement and Health Care Professional Training for Adopting Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Health Care Settings (Preprint)
Authors: Jeyakumar Tharshini , Younus Sarah , Zhang Melody , Clare Megan , Charow Rebecca , Karsan Inaara , Dhalla Azra , Al-Mouaswas Dalia , Scandiffio Jillian , Aling Justin , Salhia Mohammad , Lalani Nadim , Overholt Scott , Wiljer David
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

As new technologies emerge, there is a significant shift in the way care is delivered on a global scale. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been rapidly and inexorably used to optimize patient outcomes, reduce health system costs, improve workflow efficiency, and enhance population health. Despite the widespread adoption of AI technologies, the literature on patient engagement and their perspectives on how AI will affect clinical care is scarce. Minimal patient engagement can limit the optimization of these novel technologies and contribute to suboptimal use in care settings.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore patients’ views on what skills they believe health care professionals should have in preparation for this AI-enabled future and how we can better engage patients when adopting and deploying AI technologies in health care settings.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted from August 2020 to December 2021 with 12 individuals who were a patient in any Canadian health care setting. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation occurred. A thematic analysis approach outlined by Braun and Clarke was used to inductively analyze the data and identify overarching themes.

RESULTS

Among the 12 patients interviewed, 8 (67%) were from urban settings and 4 (33%) were from rural settings. A majority of the participants were very comfortable with technology (n=6, 50%) and somewhat familiar with AI (n=7, 58%). In total, 3 themes emerged: cultivating patients’ trust, fostering patient engagement, and establishing data governance and validation of AI technologies.

CONCLUSIONS

With the rapid surge of AI solutions, there is a critical need to understand patient values in advancing the quality of care and contributing to an equitable health system. Our study demonstrated that health care professionals play a synergetic role in the future of AI and digital technologies. Patient engagement is vital in addressing underlying health inequities and fostering an optimal care experience. Future research is warranted to understand and capture the diverse perspectives of patients with various racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds.