bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexation of Calix[4]arene bis-Hydroxymethylenediphosphonic Acid with Amino acids. Binding Constants Determination by RP HPLC Method
Authors: Kalchenko Vitaly , Kalchenko Olga , Cherenok Sergiy
Published: August 2016

Host-Guest complexation of calixarene-bis-hydroxymethylenediphosphonic acid with 17 amino acids in water solution had been studied by the RP HPLC and molecular modelling methods. It had been shown the binding constants of the complexes are depended on the nature of the amino acid residue, log P and pKa of the acids. The complexation is mainly determined by the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged nitrogen atom of the amino acid and the negatively charged oxygen atom of phosphonic acid residue of the calixarene, the Host-Guest p-p, СН-p and solvophobic interactions.
Stevia : A True Glycoside Used as a Sweetener and Not Affecting Behavior
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Dero Axel , Cammaerts Roger
Published: August 2016

Using ants as models, the glycoside rebaudioside A used as a sweetener extracted from the plant Stevia rebaudiana was shown to have no effect on the individuals’ food consumption, locomotion, precision of reaction, response to pheromones, brood caring, cognition, as well as visual and olfactory conditioning and memory. This sweetener (the commercial product ‘stevia’) slightly increased the ants’ audacity, and when having the choice between it and saccharose, the ants somewhat preferred the later. In fact, the ants were not inclined to consume stevia and somewhat looked everywhere for their usual preferred sugar. We conclude that stevia is a safe sweetener which does not impact general health, behavior and cognition, although it is generally perceived less pleasant than saccharose.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Chilga District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekuanent Tebkew , Zebene Asfaw , Solomon Zewudie
Published: August 2016

The study was conducted to investigate and document medicinal plants and associated knowledge plants in Chilga district, Northwestern Ethiopia. Questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, ranking and transect walk techniques were employed for data collection in midland and lowland agroecologies and in natural forests, riverine forests and farmlands. One hundred one medicinal plants were used to treat 52 (41 human and 8 livestock and 3 for both) ailments. Herbs (36 %) and shrubs (30%) were the most widely used plant growth forms. About 89.8 % of remedies are prepared from roots and leaves. Wealthier groups mentioned significant number of medicinal plants than poorest groups in Quavier Lomiye Kebele. Most medicinal plants (68.48 % in lowland and 76.3 % in midland agroecology) provide other types of uses in addition to medicinal value. However, these plants are threatened by agricultural expansion, fuel wood and construction and overgrazing. Thus, conservation of these plants and associated knowledge base is very essential.
CONVERSAÇÕES ENTRE ARTES E CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS NOS LIMITES DO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Fletcher John , Pacheco Agenor Sarraf , Chaves Ernani Pinheiro
Published: August 2016

Este estudo visa analisar diálogos recentes e, muitas vezes, divergentes entre as artes visuais e as ciências sociais, de maneira a ajudar na compreensão de nosso presente conflituoso e polifônico. Os diálogos em questão problematizam operações estéticas de sociedades complexas, bem como encaram diferentes experiências como parte de um conjunto de histórias interligadas e sobrepostas, cada uma das quais com seu próprioprograma e ritmo de desenvolvimento, todos coexistindo e interagindo entre si. Com o intuito de traçar, longe de um colecionismo de materiais heterogêneos, uma descrição analítica e reflexão interpretativa, o presente trabalho busca encadeamentos teóricos a partir de intelectuais da filosofia e sociologia Pós-Modernas, da antropologia Pós-Moderna do seminário de Santa Fé e das premissas Pós-Colonial e Descolonial. Com um aporte de autores como Fredric Jameson, Jean Baudrillard, James Clifford, Homi Babha, Edward Said, Walter Mignolo, Adolfo Alban, Joaquín Barriendos, entre outros, visamos reiterar, portanto, uma agendainterpretativa destituída dos processos de colonização do poder, do ser, do ouvir, do fazer e do ver para se pensar artes visuais em sociedades periféricas globais.Palavras-Chave: Arte, cultura, regimes visuais, etnografia do pensamento.
A LITERATURA LATINO- AMERICANA E AS ALEGORIAS NACIONAIS DE “CONCIERTO BARROCO”
Authors: CAIXETA Maryllú de Oliveira
Published: August 2016

A identidade problemática da América Latina reflete-se na recorrência do tema na literatura realizada nessa parte do continente. As imagens de Caliban, do antropófago e a atribuição de um sentido barroco à experiência latino- americana caracterizam uma parte expressiva da literatura em questão. O “Concierto Barroco” de Carpentier exemplifica, por meio do personagem Amo, as dificuldades da elite crioula em encontrar uma origem nobre para si na Europa de seus avós e mesmo de identificar-se com ela. O personagem escravo músico Filomeno naturaliza a fabulação, assim como o Amo, e transita abusadamente entre as hierarquias, alegorizando o sentido barroco da identidade em questão. O jazz é o produto crioulo, antropofágico e barroco de negros cuja origem apagada na história foi substituída pela fabulação nos spiritual, num caminho musical que renovou a música moderna no mundo todo. É significativo que Carpentier tenha criado por meio de Filomeno a unidade da experiência americana, cuja fronteira é o México. PALAVRAS- CHAVE: barroco; antropofagia. Literatura latino- americana.
VANGUARDA REVOLUCIONÁRIA E INDIGENISMO DESDE O PONTO DE VISTA COSMOPOLITA DE CÉSAR VALLEJO
Authors: SOUZA Carla Damêane Pereira de
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa foi feita com a intenção de dinamizar a interpretação do tema Ibndigenismo em algumas obras de César Vallejo (1892-1938), desde o seu ponto de vista cosmopolita enfatizando a estreita relação que o unia ao seu contemporâneo José Carlos Mariátegui  (1894- 1930). Frente às chamadas  Vanguardas do século  XX,  apontar a proposta do Amauta no Peru como um movimento comprometido em unir as ideologias políticas e estéticas  que eventualmente estão incorporadas na poética de Vallejo durante os anos em que viveu em Paris.PALAVRAS- CHAVE: Poesia; Vanguarda; Identidade Cultural; Política.
A CRISE DE SENTIDO E A GLOBALIZAÇÃO CONTRA- HEGEMÔNICA NA LITERATURA DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: RIBEIRO Giselle Rodrigues
Published: August 2016

Cada vez mais se evidencia uma grande crise de sentido no mundo predominantemente capitalizado em que vivemos. Não obstante, podemos já perceber uma reação a este respeito. Trata-se do fenômeno da globalização contra- hegemônica, conforme este conceito é delineado por Boaventura de Sousa Santos em A globalização e as Ciências Sociais. Neste texto, objetivamos, então,  pontuar como esta tendência apresenta-se já idealizada e presente na tessitura literária em língua portuguesa.  Para tanto, consideramos duas obras de amplitude bem distintas, são elas Ensaio sobre a cegueira, do português José Saramago e Místida, de Abdulai Sila, escritor da Guiné- Bissau, livro este de que examinamos o primeiro capítulo, embora muitas das considerações a se realizar estejam relacionadas a toda a composição. Além disso, é necessário pensar que antes de adentrarmos a abordagem da própria ação de resistência que configura  a globalização contra- hegemônica é preciso por em evidencia contra o quê determinados grupos se insurgem. Este é, portanto, o procedimento que seguimos nesta exposição.PALAVRAS- CHAVE: Globalização contra- hegemônica; literaturas de língua portuguesa; resistência; literaturas da Guiné-Bissau.
As lutas com o sol de Marina Tsvetáieva e Hilda Hilst
Authors: KEMPINSKA Olga Donata Guerizoli
Published: August 2016

Nesse artigo proponho uma aproximação entre poemas de Marina Tsvetáieva e de Hilda Hilst através da tematização e da encenação rítmica da “luta com o sol”. Ambas as poetas recorrem, com efeito, a imagens violentas de embates solares para colocar em cena a relação tensa entre o ritmo e o sentido discursivo afirmado pelo uso social. Relacionando o gesto criativo ao gesto de se apaixonar, a russa e a brasileira praticam em seus textos poderosas conflagrações rítmicas que, à margem das vanguardas futurista e concretista, diluem as fronteiras entre o movimento da abstração, o erotismo e o sagrado. Nesse sentido, a encenação da “luta com o sol” torna-se também uma oportunidade para se debruçar sobre práticas do desejo que subvertem noções reificadas tais como “feminino”, “masculino”, “sexo” e “gênero”.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gênero, Linguagem poética, Ritmo.
Processos de resistência na Amazônia nos tempos da Ditadura Civil-Militar: entre a memória e a história
Authors: SACRAMENTO Elias Diniz
Published: August 2016

Este artigo procura mostrar a memória de uma literatura que retrata a resistência de sujeitos de uma Amazônia que foi tomada nos meados dos anos de 1960 do ultimo século quando os militares com apoio de certa parcela da sociedade civil deram um golpe na democracia brasileira. Desde esse período, grandes mudanças e transformações ocorreram no seio destas sociedades que passaram a viver sob tensões por conta do modelo pensado para a região com a chegada e instalação de vários projetos de médios e grandes portes. Frente a isso, o que se viu nos anos seguintes foram momentos de grandes tensões, acima de tudo pelas forças do grande capital se fez presente em terras amazônicas nunca antes visto. As populações tradicionais, então resolveram fazer enfrentamentos a esse modelo devastador, naquilo que chamaremos aqui de resistência aos projetos militares. Tais ações dessas comunidades transformaram-se anos mais tarde em trabalhos de pesquisa que irei tratar aqui como literatura de resistência, procurando mostrar alguns desses casos, ou os mais emblemáticos, finalizando com um caso especial, o do município de Moju.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Resistência, Amazônia, Ditadura Civil-Militar.
EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION AND ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACQUISITION AND EXTICTION OF AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN RATS
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Marcellino de , Almeida Sebastião De Sousa
Published: August 2016

Twelve newborn rats were fed by mothers maintained on protein-deficient diet (12% casein, M) during lactation, and 12 rats fed by mothers maintained on a diet containing 25% casein were used as controls (C). After weaning, all animals were standard lab ration. Half of each group was housed individually (MI and CI), while the other half was allowed to live in pairs (MP and CP). When adult, all animals were trained to avoid footshocks by jumping onto a platform. Trainiing sessions consisted of 40 trials starting with a 20 sec light stimulus (CS) and followed by a 2 sec, 0.6 mA shock (US) with an average interval of 54 sec. When all animals displayed consistent avoidance behavior, the extinction phase was initiated. The produce was the same as for the training session except that shock generator was disconnected. Extinction continued until each animal showed a 50% reduction in avoidance performance. During acquisition, MI learned faster than CI and CI showed greater avoidance performance than CP, but no differences were observed between MP and CP. During extinction, group M responded more persistently than group C. The present acquisition results may explain the contradictory data reported in the literature with respect to the effects of malnutrition on avoidance performance, since environmental stimulation was shown to reduce the effects of early malnutrition. Individually housed animals showed greater avoidance performance during both phases. Keywords: Protein malnutrition, avoidance response, acquisition, extinction, environmental stimulation.
EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION AND SENSORY-MOTOR STIMULATION ON AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIALS
Authors: De Lima Juraci Gonçalves , Funayama Carolina Araújo Rodrigues , De Oliveira Luiz Marcellino , Rossato Maria , Colafêmina José Fernando
Published: August 2016

There is evidence that the auditory evoked potential (AEP) is altered by malnutrition both in laboratory animals and in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine whether changes in the AEP caused by malnutrition could be reversed by nutritional rehabilitation and sensorymotor and environmental stimulation during hospitalization. Six children aged 5-33 months with severe malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus and marasmic-kwashiorkor) were admitted to the Pediatric Ward of a University Hospital. Normal age and sex-matched children from the hospital day-care center were enrolled as a control group. The AEP was tested in an electrically and acoustically isolated room using a Nicolet CA 2000 microcomputer. Clicks of 90; 80; 70 and 60 dBn HL were presented through earphones. The results suggest that malnutrition leads to an increase in wave I latencies in patients with marasmus, and in waves I, III and V in those with kwashiorkor or marasmic-kwashiorkor type at 90 dB HL. At discharge, all but one patient with kwashiorkor showed reduced latencies of waves I, III and V compared to the values on admission. Despite the small sample, these preliminary results pointed out that the process of sensory stimulation used in our study in a properly directed, systematic and individualized manner showed encouraging results in terms of AEP recovery in these children. Keywords: malnutrition, infants, nutritional rehabilitation, auditory evoked potential, stimulation.
Does the Theoretical Perspective of Exposure Framing Matter? Acceptance, Fear Reduction/Cognitive Reappraisal, and Values-Framing of Exposure for Social Anxiety
Authors: Bluett Ellen J. , Landy Lauren L. , Twohig Michel P. , Arch Joanna J.
Published: August 2016

Exposure-based therapy represents a first line treatment for anxiety disorders, but it is often underused. One target for improving client engagement is manipulating the theoretical perspective from which exposure is framed. Ninety-six adults with elevated social anxiety were enrolled in a two-session exposure therapy intervention. Participants were randomized to one of four conditions: (a) fear reduction/cognitive reappraisal, (b) acceptance, (c) personal values, or (d) experimental control. The first three included brief psychoeducation and condition-specific experiential exercises and rationale; all four included in-session speech exposure and between-session exposure for homework. Results revealed that compared to the experimental control, the three active conditions reported significantly higher treatment credibility, initial in-vivo exposure engagement, and improvement in social anxiety symptoms. The three active conditions showed few differences among themselves. This study demonstrates that a brief exposure intervention using a credible rationale led to initial engagement in exposure therapy and improvement in social anxiety symptoms.
Our Capacity to Care
Authors: Cunningham Brooke A.
Published: August 2016

Caring is meaningful work. Unfortunately, the conditions under which health care personnel work can reduce caring to an abstract principle that we name rather than an everyday practice that we do. Several factors curtail our ability to care, including the social construction of caring as feminine and thus less worthwhile; the churn of patients through clinics and hospitals; and associated responsibilities, such as those that have developed with greater use of electronic health records. Work-related stress can activate implicit biases, which unconsciously distance personnel from members of stigmatized groups and contribute to health care disparities. To improve our capacity to care, we must tackle the barriers to caring that exist both within and external to clinics and hospitals.
Race, Racism, and Health Disparities: What Can I Do about It?
Authors: Nelson Stephen
Published: August 2016

Disparities based on race that target communities of color are consistently reported in the management of many diseases. Barriers to health care equity include the health care system, the patient, the community, and health care providers. This article focuses on the health care system as well as health care providers and how racism and our implicit biases affect our medical decision making. Health care providers receive little or no training on issues of race and racism. As a result, awareness of racism and its impact on health care delivery is low. I will discuss a training module that helps improve awareness around these issues. Until racial issues are honestly addressed by members of the health care team, it is unlikely that we will see significant improvements in racial health care disparities for Americans.
Second Life Patient Scenarios: Enhancing the Diversity of the Nursing Profession
Authors: Metcalfe Sharon
Published: August 2016

Despite the current transformation of the U.S. population to one of increased diversity, the majority of nurses employed are from White backgrounds. In addition, few secondary school students from ethnically diverse backgrounds or from rural regions in the nation are encouraged to pursue a collegiate education or to consider nursing as a career. This article describes an innovative 3-year program in which one rural university in the southeast used a virtual environment, Second Life, to expose secondary students to nursing through role-playing as avatars interacting with patient case scenarios. Secondary school science and health occupations teachers developed patient and environmental scenarios under the direction of the nursing program director and the information technology director from the university. Throughout the 3 years, 300 rural and multicultural students were exposed to virtual world health care learning through quizzes with five patient case and environmental scenarios. Student and teacher evaluations were positive about their interest in learning obtained through the patient case examinations. Technical difficulties during Year 1 were eliminated by Year 3. This program demonstrates that use of virtual technologies such as Second Life may increase the interest of secondary rural and multicultural students in careers in nursing and in pursuing a collegiate education.
Use of Simulated Psychosocial Role-Playing to Enhance Nursing Students ‘Development of Soft Skills
Authors: Liebrecht Christina , Montenery Susan
Published: August 2016

Effective communication and interaction enable nurses to develop caring, empathetic, and respectful relationships with patients and families. However, most nurses feel a lack of preparation in the “soft” skills of communication, professionalism, and leadership. Nurse managers are seeking graduates with strong emotional quotient characteristics such as self-awareness, motivation, self-regulation, empathy, and social skills. Assisting nursing students to develop these intangible, high-level skills presents an ongoing challenge to nurse educators. This creative teaching learning strategy examines the use of psychosocial role-playing skits to enhance nursing student development of the soft skills of nursing. In this strategy, senior level nursing students work in small groups to develop and present realistic 3- to 5-minute skits based on common nurse–patient, nurse–family, or nurse–health care team interactions that incorporate the concepts of therapeutic communication, interpersonal interaction, empathy, active listening, teamwork, delegation, and/or professionalism, followed by a debriefing session. Student feedback suggests that confidence and competence related to the skills of therapeutic communication, interpersonal interaction, empathy, active listening, teamwork, delegation, and professionalism may improve by incorporating soft skill psychosocial role-playing into a nursing education course of study.
Empowering Nursing Students: Fourteen Golden Rules for Clinical Day
Authors: Kneusel Maria
Published: August 2016

Few nursing school experiences are as intimidating as starting a clinical rotation. By providing adequate scaffolding, clinical instructors can help empower nursing students as they begin to provide care in a variety of clinical settings. This article presents the 14 golden rules for clinical day, a unique form of scaffolding based on my own experience as a nursing clinical instructor. The right scaffolding can help students to overcome the sense of otherness they often experience at clinical sites and to blossom into competent, confident nurses who put their patients first.
Building Relationship-Based Care among Nurses: A Holistic, Exploratory Project
Authors: Zealand Ruth , Larkin Dorothy , Shron Max
Published: August 2016

In this exploratory project, efforts were made to strengthen a relationship-centered, caring milieu to improve communication among nursing staff and to help nurses identify and constructively resolve conflicts. Eighteen interactive workshops addressed communication patterns and helped participants identify causes of conflict, facilitate dialogue, improve collaboration, and resolve workplace conflict. The experiential workshops were analyzed with pre- and post-surveys. Participants perceived as individual and team members that it was less important to like one's colleagues and more important to be committed to the same purpose/goals. Individuals noted the value of respect for each other, regardless of title or position. They reported feeling more hopeful regarding work and that practicing tactics to address conflicts made it easier to confront others when the team goal was clear and shared. They indicated a desire to continue to build on conflict resolution, mediation, stress management, and mindfulness skills.
Desired Destinations of Homeless Women: Realizing Aspirations within the Context of Homelessness
Authors: Biederman Donna J. , Forlan Nicole
Published: August 2016

Despite recent decreases, homelessness remains a substantial problem in the United States. Homelessness is associated with poor health, and homeless women experience earlier mortality than their housed counterparts. Understanding the aspirations of homeless women may offer service providers avenues for intervention to increase well-being among this vulnerable population. This study, a secondary analysis of transcribed interviews (n = 20), provides insight into the aspirations of homeless women. Opportunities for service providers to intervene on these aspirations within the context of homelessness are offered.
Workplace Violence against Nurses: Making it Safe to Care
Authors: Hester Susan , Harrelson Christina , Mongo Tameki
Published: August 2016

This article explores the topic of workplace violence in the health care setting. A definition of workplace violence and those who are most vulnerable is provided. National and state legislation that addresses the topic of workplace violence will be discussed. Other organizations such as the American Nurses Association and The Joint Commission and their position statements will be explored. Lastly, strategies targeting workplace violence prevention and the barriers to implementing identified strategies will be discussed. Workplace violence is a rapidly growing concern for those working in health care. This article provides recommendations for legislative and workplace actions to protect health care workers.
Nipple Shields
Authors: Walker Marsha
Published: August 2016

Mothers have used nipple shields for centuries for various breastfeeding issues and problems. Shield use has become controversial, but many clinicians recommend the use of nipple shields under varying circumstances despite the absence of any professionally peer-reviewed or generally agreed-upon guidelines, protocols, policies, or clinical algorithms. Judicious use of nipple shields can salvage the breastfeeding process, and most mothers have found them to be helpful. However, some mothers and studies have reported problems with shields. There remain many questions regarding the effect of nipple shield use on infant feeding behaviors relative to the imprinting that may be affected by presenting a superstimulus to an infant during a sensitive or critical period of time. This raises more questions than answers.
Práticas corporais de aventura em aulas de educação física na escola
Authors: Tahara Alexander Klein , Darido Suraya Cristina
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo propor uma discussão e reflexão acerca da relação entre a Educação Física escolar e as Práticas Corporais de Aventura enquanto um possível conteúdo da área. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema e estabeleceu-se três categorias de análise para facilitar as discussões que envolvem esta área de estudo: definições terminológicas acerca das práticas; por que ensinar na escola – objetivos e dificuldades acerca da inserção das práticas; e por fim, o que é ensinado nas aulas escolares com o conteúdo das práticas corporais de aventura.
Esporte adaptado e formação de recursos humanos: experiências construídas na área
Authors: Gorla José Irineu , Nogueira Claudio Diehl
Published: August 2016

Este ensaio apresenta experiências práticas sobre a formação de recursos humanos e o esporte para Pessoas com deficiências. O professor Ivaldo Brandão tem experiência de 34 anos com o envolvimento do esporte adaptado, especificamente na área da Paralisia Cerebral, sendo uma referencia nessa área com diversos ensaios publicados e com aplicabilidade na formação de recursos humanos na referida área. As experiências apontadas pelo professor Ivaldo Brandão, certamente contribuíram para os avanços da área continuaram sendo referência para alavancar novos rumos e tendências na área de pesquisa.
A Novel Anti-Lock Braking System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Tu Chia-Hung , Lin Chun-Liang , Yang Meng-Yao , Chen En-Ping
Published: August 2016

Recently, design of electric scooters (ESs) has commonly adopted brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) in place of brushed DC motors. This invention develops a new anti-lock braking system (ABS), based on a slip-ratio estimator, for ES utilizing the braking force generated by the BLDCM when electrical energy releases to the load yielding an analogous effect of ABS control in gas-engine vehicles. Comparing to mechanical ABS, the design possesses the advantages of rapid torque responses due to fast actuating response. The electrical ABS is realized by associating with kinematic and Short-circuit braking. A current controller is used to adjust the braking force, while the sliding mode control strategy is adopted to regulate the slip ratio for best road adhesion while braking. Real-world experiments have been conducted for functional and performance verification.
Immigrants Identity Crisis in The Lonely Londoners
Authors: Dizayi Saman Abdulqadir Hussein
Published: August 2016

This paper looks into the novel The Lonely Londoner by Samuel Selvon that is reviewed as a postcolonial novel. The paper examines the plight of the Caribbean migrants who traveled to England hoping that the fairytales they had been fed on by the colonizers were realistic and confined to England. The study considers the predicament that these migrants went through in their colonizer's homeland where they felt despised and derelict against their immense hope that they had when they were leaving their native islands. The paper also looks into the theme of mimicry as posted by Homi Bhabha in his postcolonial theory. By considering the view of Bhabha, the paper looks deeply into the theory advanced and how it is consequently used in the novel. Thus, the paper investigates how mimicry and hybridity have been portrayed in the novel The Lonely Londoner, and at the same time looks into how Samuel Selvon typically applied them to express his postcolonial discourse in his work.
Effects of DMSO and glycerol additives on the property of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane
Authors: Wu Fengjing , Liu Xiaojuan , Au Chaktong
Published: August 2016

The polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were prepared through interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol as additives for the formation of thin-film composite (TFC) was investigated. We studied the effect of DMSO and glycerol addition on membrane property and RO performance. Microscopic morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The surface hydrophilicity was characterized on the basis of water contact angle and surface solid–liquid interfacial free energy (−ΔGSL). Water flux and salt rejection ability of the membranes prepared with or without the additives were evaluated by cross-flow RO tests. The results reveal that the addition of DMSO and glycerol strongly influences the property of the TFC RO membrane. Compared to the MPD/TMC membrane fabricated without DMSO and glycerol, the MPD/TMC/DMSO/glycerol membrane has a rougher surface and is more hydrophilic, showing smaller water contact angle and larger −ΔGSL value. Without decrease in salt rejection ability, the MPD/TMC/DMSO/glycerol membrane shows water flux significantly larger than that of the MPD/TMC membrane. The unique property of the MPD/TMC/DMSO/glycerol membrane is attributed to the cooperative effect of DMSO and glycerol on membrane structure during the interfacial polymerization process.
A TRANSMIDIALIDADE COMO ESTRATÉGIA DISCURSIVA
Authors: Sousa Silvia Maria de
Published: August 2016

O trabalho discute, à luz da semiótica do discurso, os conceitos de transmidiação e intermidialidade, buscando descrever estratégias enunciativas e modos de interação derivados da “convergência” (JENKINS, 2008) entre TV e internet. Elege-se como objeto de investigação telenovelas da Rede Globo e conteúdos a elas relacionados, disponibilizados no portal GShow (http://gshow.globo.com).  A partir da formulação de uma “semiótica das práticas” (FONTANILLE, 2005; 2008), as denominadas narrativas transmidiáticas são tomadas como textos construídos em face da congregação de diferentes mídias: TV, computador, celular, livro, e-book, câmera fotográfica etc. Postula-se que esses textos condensam diferentes práticas semióticas e se expandem por meio de estratégias que envolvem múltiplas plataformas.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DA INTERAÇÃO E O DESIGN DE INTERFACES: SEMIÓTICA E METACOMUNICAÇÃO NOS DIGITAL AUDIO WORKSTATIONS
Authors: Cardoso Ana Maria Pereira , Rodrigues Rodrigo Fonseca e
Published: August 2016

O artigo levanta alguns problemas relacionados à concepção de interfaces para os Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs). A abordagem teórica utiliza os conceitos de semiose e das três fases da experiência da Semiótica peirceana. A tese da metacomunicação, apresentada pela Engenharia Semiótica, também é estudada e se refere à singularidade do diálogo entre designers e usuários. Como consequência, diferentes estratégias de comunicação são requeridas, levando-se em conta que tal conversação não ocorre num tempo sincrônico. Os DAWs Sonar (CakeWalk, 2010) e o GarageBand (Apple, 2013) foram eleitos como corpus empírico porque seus projetos almejam balancear a performance do sistema com as habilidades mnemônicas e intuitivas sob diferentes arquétipos culturais, técnicos e afetivos de seus potenciais utilizadores: pessoas com expectativas singulares diante de um dispositivo de gravação sonora. Acredita-se que as concepções do design, além de perseguirem novas funcionalidades, poderiam procurar oferecer aos usuários dos DAWs possibilidades de exploração do sistema a partir de suas próprias performances regulares. Desse modo, o compositor seria convidado a repensar seus métodos de criação musical e suas singularidades insuspeitadas de escuta.
COMPAIXÃO E PIEDADE: DIFERENTES MODOS DE INTERAÇÃO AFETIVA
Authors: Lima Eliane Soares de
Published: August 2016

Partindo de uma análise de base lexical, orientada pelos parâmetros teórico-metodológicos da semiótica de linha francesa, em sua interpretação tensiva, a intenção deste artigo é a de examinar os pontos de semelhança, mas sobretudo os de divergência, na emergência do sentimento de compaixão ou piedade. Para isso, iniciaremos com uma investigação pautada pelas definições dicionarizadas de diferentes línguas neolatinas, para delas depreender os semas constituintes de cada um desses núcleos passionais, bem como os elementos do seu processo de configuração discursiva. Interessa, ao desdobrar a estrutura sintáxica subjacente a cada um dos lexemas-afetos, compreender o que, a partir de uma mesma cena predicativa, determina dois modos de interação afetiva distintos: um mais sensível, próprio a um “sentir com”, outro mais inteligível, típico de um “sentir por”.
ENUNCIADO NO ENUNCIADO, ENUNCIADO SOBRE O ENUNCIADO: O CÍRCULO DE BAKHTIN POR C. BRANDIST
Authors: Marchezan Renata Coelho
Published: August 2016

Considerando a pertinência das pesquisas que tratam das fontes e do contexto histórico e intelectual das reflexões do chamado Círculo de Bakhtin, examinam-se, aqui, os estudos de Craig Brandist, organizados nos seguintes itens: (1) identificação das diferentes fontes de M. Bakhtin, V. N. Volochínov e P. Medviédev; (2) exame dos escritos bakhtinianos de diferentes épocas, com demarcação de diferentes períodos das produções; (3) relativização do papel de Bakhtin como mentor do grupo; (4) indicação da filosofia alemã como a principal fonte dos estudiosos do grupo. Ao longo da reflexão, assim organizada, busca-se apresentar e problematizar as contribuições do estudioso inglês para a compreensão da obra do Círculo, especialmente, em relação às diferenças de autoria e às influências que recebe.
Uptake of metals and metalloids by Conyza canadensis L. from a thermoelectric power plant landfill
Authors: Vukojevic Vesna , Trifkovic Jelena , Krgovic Rada , Milojkovic-Opsenica Dusanka , Markovic Marijana , Amaizah Naser , Mutic Jelena
Published: August 2016

Fourteen metals and metalloids were determined in Conyza canadensis L.
harvested from the fly ash landfill of the thermoelectric power plant
?Kolubara? (Serbia). Fly ash samples were collected together with the plant
samples and subjected to sequential extraction according to the three-step
sequential extraction scheme proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference
(BCR; now the Standards, Measurements and Testing Program). The contents of
metals and metalloids were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in plant root and the aboveground part and
correlated with their contents in the fly ash samples. The bioconcentration
factor (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) were calculated to access uptake
of metals from fly ash and their translocation to the aboveground part.
Results regarding As revealed that fly ash samples in the proximity of the
active cassette had higher amounts of the element. Principal component
analysis (PCA) showed that As had no impact on the classification of plant
parts. BCF for As ranged from 1.44 to 23.8 and varied, depending on the
investigated area; TF for As ranged from 0.43 to 2.61, indicating that the
plant translocated As from root to shoot. In addition to As, Conyza
canadensis L. exhibited efficient uptake of other metals from fly ash.
According to the calculated BCF and TF, the plant retained Al, Fe and Cr in
the root and translocated Zn, Cd, Cu and As from root to shoot in the course
of the detoxifying process.
Risk of Cause-Specific Death in Individuals With Diabetes: A Competing Risks Analysis
Authors: Baena-Díez Jose Miguel , Peñafiel Judit , Subirana Isaac , Ramos Rafel , Elosua Roberto , Marín-Ibañez Alejandro , Guembe María Jesús , Rigo Fernando , Tormo-Díaz María José , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Cabré Joan Josep , Segura Antonio , García-Lareo Manel , Gómez de la Cámara Agustín , Lapetra José , Quesada Miquel , Marrugat Jaume , Medrano Maria José , Berjón Jesús , Frontera Guiem , Gavrila Diana , Barricarte Aurelio , Basora Josep , García Jose María , Pavone Natalia C. , Lora-Pablos David , Mayoral Eduardo , Franch Josep , Mata Manel , Castell Conxa , Frances Albert , Grau María ,   on behalf of the FRESCO Investigators
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is a common cause of shortened life expectancy. We aimed to assess the association between diabetes and cause-specific death.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used the pooled analysis of individual data from 12 Spanish population cohorts with 10-year follow-up. Participants had no previous history of cardiovascular diseases and were 35–79 years old. Diabetes status was self-reported or defined as glycemia >125 mg/dL at baseline. Vital status and causes of death were ascertained by medical records review and linkage with the official death registry. The hazard ratios and cumulative mortality function were assessed with two approaches, with and without competing risks: proportional subdistribution hazard (PSH) and cause-specific hazard (CSH), respectively. Multivariate analyses were fitted for cardiovascular, cancer, and noncardiovascular noncancer deaths.

RESULTS

We included 55,292 individuals (15.6% with diabetes and overall mortality of 9.1%). The adjusted hazard ratios showed that diabetes increased mortality risk: 1) cardiovascular death, CSH = 2.03 (95% CI 1.63–2.52) and PSH = 1.99 (1.60–2.49) in men; and CSH = 2.28 (1.75–2.97) and PSH = 2.23 (1.70–2.91) in women; 2) cancer death, CSH = 1.37 (1.13–1.67) and PSH = 1.35 (1.10–1.65) in men; and CSH = 1.68 (1.29–2.20) and PSH = 1.66 (1.25–2.19) in women; and 3) noncardiovascular noncancer death, CSH = 1.53 (1.23–1.91) and PSH = 1.50 (1.20–1.89) in men; and CSH = 1.89 (1.43–2.48) and PSH = 1.84 (1.39–2.45) in women. In all instances, the cumulative mortality function was significantly higher in individuals with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes is associated with premature death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and noncardiovascular noncancer causes. The use of CSH and PSH provides a comprehensive view of mortality dynamics in a population with diabetes.
Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Added to Capped Insulin Treatment in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes: The ADJUNCT TWO Randomized Trial
Authors: Ahrén Bo , Hirsch Irl B. , Pieber Thomas R. , Mathieu Chantal , Gómez-Peralta Fernando , Hansen Troels Krarup , Philotheou Areti , Birch Sune , Christiansen Erik , Jensen Thomas Jon , Buse John B. ,   for the ADJUNCT TWO Investigators
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to capped insulin doses in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A 26-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial enrolling 835 subjects randomized 3:1 receiving once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide (1.8, 1.2, and 0.6 mg) or placebo added to an individually capped total daily dose of insulin.

RESULTS

Mean baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (8.1% [65.0 mmol/mol]) was significantly decreased with liraglutide versus placebo at week 26 (1.8 mg: –0.33% [3.6 mmol/mol]; 1.2 mg: –0.22% [2.4 mmol/mol]; 0.6 mg: –0.23% [2.5 mmol/mol]; placebo: 0.01% [0.1 mmol/mol]). Liraglutide significantly reduced mean body weight (–5.1, –4.0, and –2.5 kg for 1.8, 1.2, and 0.6 mg, respectively) versus placebo (–0.2 kg). Significant reductions in daily insulin dose and increases in quality of life were seen with liraglutide versus placebo. There were higher rates of symptomatic hypoglycemia (21.3 vs. 16.6 events/patient/year; P = 0.03) with liraglutide 1.2 mg vs. placebo and of hyperglycemia with ketosis >1.5 mmol/L with liraglutide 1.8 mg vs. placebo (0.5 vs. 0.1 events/patient/year; P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

In a broad population of subjects with long-standing type 1 diabetes, liraglutide added to capped insulin reduced HbA1c, body weight, and insulin requirements but with higher rates of hypoglycemia for liraglutide 1.2 mg and hyperglycemia with ketosis for liraglutide 1.8 mg.
Predictors of 30-day readmission after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case-control study
Authors: Greenberg Jacob K. , Guniganti Ridhima , Arias Eric J. , Desai Kshitij , Washington Chad W. , Yan Yan , Weng Hua , Xiong Chengjie , Fondahn Emily , Cross DeWitte T. , Moran Christopher J. , Rich Keith M. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dhar Rajat , Dacey Ralph G. , Derdeyn Colin P. , Zipfel Gregory J.
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

Despite persisting questions regarding its appropriateness, 30-day readmission is an increasingly common quality metric used to influence hospital compensation in the United States. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to identify which patients are at highest risk for readmission after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The objective of this study was to identify predictors of 30-day readmission after SAH, to focus preventative efforts, and to provide guidance to funding agencies seeking to risk-adjust comparisons among hospitals.

METHODS

The authors performed a case-control study of 30-day readmission among aneurysmal SAH patients treated at a single center between 2003 and 2013. To control for geographic distance from the hospital and year of treatment, the authors randomly matched each case (30-day readmission) with approximately 2 SAH controls (no readmission) based on home ZIP code and treatment year. They evaluated variables related to patient demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, comorbidities, presentation severity (e.g., Hunt and Hess grade), and clinical course (e.g., need for gastrostomy or tracheostomy, length of stay). Conditional logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors, accounting for the matched design of the study.

RESULTS

Among 82 SAH patients with unplanned 30-day readmission, the authors matched 78 patients with 153 nonreadmitted controls. Age, demographics, and socioeconomic factors were not associated with readmission. In univariate analysis, multiple variables were significantly associated with readmission, including Hunt and Hess grade (OR 3.0 for Grade IV/V vs I/II), need for gastrostomy placement (OR 2.0), length of hospital stay (OR 1.03 per day), discharge disposition (OR 3.2 for skilled nursing vs other disposition), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 2.3 for score ≥ 2 vs 0). However, the only significant predictor in the multivariate analysis was discharge to a skilled nursing facility (OR 3.2), and the final model was sensitive to criteria used to enter and retain variables. Furthermore, despite the significant association between discharge disposition and readmission, less than 25% of readmitted patients were discharged to a skilled nursing facility.

CONCLUSIONS

Although discharge disposition remained significant in multivariate analysis, most routinely collected variables appeared to be weak independent predictors of 30-day readmission after SAH. Consequently, hospitals interested in decreasing readmission rates may consider multifaceted, cost-efficient interventions that can be broadly applied to most if not all SAH patients.
Nerve transfers for restoration of finger flexion in patients with tetraplegia
Authors: Bertelli Jayme A. , Ghizoni Marcos F.
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this paper was to report the authors' results with finger flexion restoration by nerve transfer in patients with tetraplegia.

METHODS

Surgery was performed for restoration of finger flexion in 17 upper limbs of 9 patients (8 male and 1 female) at a mean of 7.6 months (SD 4 months) after cervical spinal cord injury. The patients' mean age at the time of surgery was 28 years (SD 15 years). The motor level according to the ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) classification was C-5 in 4 upper limbs, C-6 in 10, and C-7 in 3.

In 3 upper limbs, the nerve to the brachialis was transferred to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), which was separated from the median nerve from the antecubital fossa to the midarm. In 5 upper limbs, the nerve to the brachialis was transferred to median nerve motor fascicles innervating finger flexion muscles in the midarm. In 4 upper limbs, the nerve to the brachioradialis was transferred to the AIN. In the remaining 5 upper limbs, the nerve to the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) was transferred to the AIN. Patients were followed for an average of 16 months (SD 6 months). At the final evaluation the range of finger flexion and strength were estimated by manual muscle testing according to the British Medical Research Council scale.

RESULTS

Restoration of finger flexion was observed in 4 of 8 upper limbs in which the nerve to the brachialis was used as a donor. The range of motion was incomplete in all 5 of these limbs, and the strength was M3 in 3 limbs and M4 in 1 limb. Proximal retrograde dissection of the AIN was associated with better outcomes than transfer of the nerve to the brachialis to median nerve motor fascicles in the arm. After the nerve to the brachioradialis was transferred to the AIN, incomplete finger flexion with M4 strength was restored in 1 limb; the remaining 3 limbs did not show any recovery. Full finger flexion with M4 strength was demonstrated in all 5 upper limbs in which the nerve to the ECRB was transferred to the AIN. No functional downgrading of elbow flexion or wrist extension strength was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with tetraplegia, finger flexion can be restored by nerve transfer. Nerve transfer using the nerve to the ECRB as the donor nerve produced better recovery of finger flexion in comparison with nerve transfer using the nerve to the brachialis or brachioradialis.
CeO2 nanoparticles: A robust and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the diastereoselective synthesis of β-acetamido esters
Authors: Rafieemehr Hossein , Safaei-Ghomi Javad
Published: August 2016

The preparation of seven β-acetamido esters, two of which are novel, has been achieved by a one-pot condensation reaction of an araldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and acetyl chloride in the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles under reflux conditions in acetonitrile. This method provides several advantages including easy workup, excellent yields, short reaction times, diastereoselective synthesis, reusability of the catalyst and low catalyst loading.
Tosylimidazole-mediated one-pot synthesis of 2-azetidinones
Authors: Zavar Saleheh , Zarei Maaroof , Saraei Mahnaz
Published: August 2016

Cyclocondensation of Schiff bases and substituted acetic acid with tosylimidazole afforded 2-azetidinones in good to excellent yields. This reaction works reliably well for monocyclic and spirocyclic 2-azetidinones. This reaction is green and efficient and the products can be purified by simple crystallisation.
Automated analysis of security protocols with global state
Authors: Kremer Steve , Künnemann Robert
Published: August 2016

Security APIs, key servers and protocols that need to keep the status of transactions, require to maintain a global, non-monotonic state, e.g., in the form of a database or register. However, most existing automated verification tools do not support the analysis of such stateful security protocols – sometimes because of fundamental reasons, such as the encoding of the protocol as Horn clauses, which are inherently monotonic. A notable exception is the recent tamarin prover which allows specifying protocols as multiset rewrite (msr) rules, a formalism expressive enough to encode state. As multiset rewriting is a “low-level” specification language with no direct support for concurrent message passing, encoding protocols correctly is a difficult and error-prone process.

We propose a process calculus which is a variant of the applied pi calculus with constructs for manipulation of a global state by processes running in parallel. We show that this language can be translated to msr rules whilst preserving all security properties expressible in a dedicated first-order logic for security properties. The translation has been implemented in a prototype tool which uses the tamarin prover as a backend. We apply the tool to several case studies among which a simplified fragment of PKCS#11, the Yubikey security token, and an optimistic contract signing protocol.