bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
tecnología, pieza clave para acceder a la justicia penal y alternativa, en tiempos pospandemia
Authors: Quintero Solís Sandra Ivette
Published: July 2022

La pandemia generada por el virus sars-CoV2 nos mostró las debilidades que tenemos en todos los niveles, desde el ámbito personal hasta las diversas respuestas de los países. En la mayoría de los casos, nos mostró las deficiencias en el sistema de salud y de seguridad social, en otros fue muy visible el atraso en la utilización de los medios electrónicos en la impartición de justicia. La percepción ciudadana es que la administración de justicia en México es muy lenta. Enfrentarnos a una pandemia que obligó a cerrar los juzgados nos encontró con una insuficiencia en el uso de medios electrónicos para ese fin y con una comunicación intra e interdependencias aún en papel. Esto nos reveló la necesidad de implementar la tecnología de manera urgente, pues si la administración de justicia no puede parar, menos en el ámbito penal y en la aplicación de los mecanismos alternativos, que son la primera opción para tratar de resolver los conflictos. En el estado de Jalisco, se reaccionó y se tomaron acciones para implementar el uso de la tecnología en el proceso penal y los mecanismos alternativos; sin embargo, se debe hacer aún más para estar preparados ante cualquier eventualidad futura.
Transiciones históricas, conflicto y antropología forense
Authors: Gómez Mejía Juliana , Quiñones Reyes Edixon , Congram Derek
Published: July 2022

La violencia y el conflicto no son estados permanentes de los colectivos humanos y, al igual que otros comportamientos sociales, están insertos en contextos complejos. Constituyen fenómenos dinámicos, culturalmente definidos e históricamente contextualizados, que han sido interpretados como prácticas sociales arraigadas en el tiempo.
Uso legítimo y prácticas de acceso al conocimiento científico en Colombia
Authors: Castiblanco Carrasco Rodulfo Armando , Chenou Jean Marie , Maggiorelli Lorenzo
Published: July 2022

La presente reflexión plantea que el acceso al conocimiento científico es una necesidad para el desarrollo económico y social. Sin embargo, está limitado por la comercialización de la producción científica y la aplicación estricta del derecho de autor. En el contexto colombiano, la ausencia de nociones jurídicas equivalentes al “uso legítimo” o “trato justo” crean una brecha entre el nivel normativo y las prácticas de compartir de los usuarios, y particularmente de los estudiantes. El artículo analiza cómo el caso de Diego Gómez, un estudiante demandado por haber compartido una tesis demaestría, ilustra la tensión entre derecho de autor y necesidades sociales de acceso al conocimiento. Basado en un análisis de la evolución del casojurídico, de la campaña #CompartirNoEsDelito, y en entrevistas con los principales actores, explora la posibilidad de enmarcar las prácticas en unavisión inspirada por el uso legítimo. Se concluye que es necesario hacer adaptaciones legales que promuevan el acceso libre al conocimiento científico por parte de la academia.
Anarquías empíricas - aportes de la antropología libertaria al estudio de las autonomías en América Latina
Authors: Makaran Gaya , Brancaleone Cassio
Published: July 2022

A primera vista, la reflexión sobre las formas de vida sociales no estatales y no capitalistas parece estar condenada al gueto de la imaginación anarquista. Pero una revisión somera de la contribución antropológica a lo largo de los dos últimos siglos nos revela un tesoro etnográfico y un mundo de posibilidades analíticas que sobrepasan la anarquía como un devenir. Partiendo de una revisión de la literatura antropológica dedicada a la descripcióny al análisis de los fenómenos de autoorganización social que desafían a las lógicas institucionales y representaciones sociales típicas de las sociedadesestatales-capitalistas, y estableciendo algunos puntos de contacto entre este campo de estudios y el repertorio teórico del anarquismo, en el presenteartículo buscamos fundamentar una reflexión que nos permita acceder a herramientas conceptuales más apropiadas y sensibles para el acercamiento alas experiencias sociales que se reivindican bajo la designación social de “autonomías”, especialmente teniendo en cuenta los procesos de resistencia indígena y popular que se desarrollan en América Latina
SECTION 60 OF THE EMPLOYMENT EQUITY ACT 1998: WILL A COMPARATIVE APPROACH SHAKE THIS JOKER OUT OF THE PACK?
Authors: Rochelle Le Roux
Published: July 2022

Section 60 of the Employment Equity Act 1998 provides for the liability of an employer to an employee suffering from discriminatory conduct by another employee. Section 60 also provides two defences that can be raised by the employer in such circumstances. In this article the circumstances under which an employer can be held liable in terms of section 60 are explored. More particularly, the meaning of the requirement that the discriminatory conduct must relate to an employment policy or practice is considered. The possible meaning of harassment in the workplace is also reflected upon with reference to developments and jurisprudence in the context of sexual harassment. The nature and content of the defences available in terms of section 60 are analysed with reference to comparative jurisprudence in Britain, Australia, Canada and the United States of America. In view of this, reservations are expressed about the correctness of the judgment of the Labour Court in SATAWU obo Finca v Old Mutual Life Insurance Company (SA) Limited and Burger.
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS IN THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN UGANDA AND SOUTH AFRICA: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION
Authors: John Cantius Mubangizi
Published: July 2022

The United Nations has, through several resolutions, acknowledged and recognized the important role national human rights institutions can and do play in the promotion and protection of human rights. Notable among those resolutions is Resolution48/134 of 20 December 1993, which lays down a number of principles relating to the status of such institutions. This recognition has been reaffirmed by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights through Resolution 2003/76 of25 April 2003. The last two decades have seen unprecedented political and constitutional changes in Africa as several African states have enacted new constitutions in an attempt to transform themselves into democratic societies. In the context of human rights protection, one of the main outstanding features of these new constitutions is that most of them contain bills of rights and the other is that they establish national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights. Both the Ugandan constitution and the South African constitution fall into that category. It is against that background that this article seeks to evaluate, in a comparative way, the role that the national human rights institutions in the two countries can and do play in the promotion and protection of human rights. This role will be assessed in the context of the powers, functions, achievements and effectiveness of these institutions; thechallenges they face and how they deal with them. In Uganda, the relevant institutions include the Uganda Human RightsCommission and the Inspectorate of Government, while in South Africa they include some of the so-called Chapter 9 institutions, namely, the Public Protector; the Human Rights Commission; the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rightsof Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities; and the Commission for Gender Equality. There are other institutions in both countries that play less direct and significant roles in human rights protection. This article undertakes a comparative survey of the main human rights institutions with a view to determining the extent of the role they play in promoting and protecting human rights, how this role can be enhanced and how the two countries can learn from each other.
INTERROGATING IRRESPONSIBLE DRIVING S v Scholtz 2006 1 SACR 442 (E)
Authors: Shannon Hoctor
Published: July 2022

The defence of non-pathological incapacity has been in something of a state of flux in the wake of the Supreme Court of Appeal’s decision in S v Eadie (2002 1 SACR 663 (SCA)). This defence again came under the spotlight in the case of Scholtz, in the context of a slew of charges arising out of the senseless drunken destruction perpetrated as a result of the driving of the appellant.
OF OBEDIENCE AND OFFENCE S v Mostert 2006 1 SACR 560 (N)
Authors: Suhayfa Bhamjee  , Shannon Hoctor
Published: July 2022

The judgment of Theron J in the recent case of S v Mostert has raised some interesting questions about the nature and content of the defence of obedience to orders (which will be referred to interchangeably with the alternative appellation “superior orders” in the discussion which follows), and the ambit of the common-law crime of crimen injuria.
Design and Validation of a Self-care Evaluation Instrument to Prevent Diabetic Foot
Authors: Herrera Guerra Eugenia del Pilar , Bautista Arellanos Lili Rosa
Published: July 2022

Objective. This work sought to design and validate a self-care instrument to prevent diabetic foot in Colombian adults with diabetes.

Methods. Psychometric study in which an instrument was designed to measure self-care to prevent diabetic foot according to the Medium Range Theory of Self-care in chronic diseases. With a sample of 230 people with type-2 diabetes, construct validity was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

Results. Favorable evidence of construct validity was obtained with a model consisting of three scales: self-care maintenance with a three-factor structure (accumulated variance 43%), α = 0.7, with good fit (????2= 64.698, p = 0.001; RMSEA = 0.066; RMSSR = 0.071; CFI = 0.936, NNFI = 0.910). Monitoring of self-care with presence of symptoms a two-factor structure was found, α = 0.950, with good fit (????2 = 266.837, p = 0.000; RMSEA = 0.321; RMSSR = 0.057; CFI = 0.848; NNFI = 0.789); and without symptoms, a single-factor structure (cumulative variance 84%), α = 0.9, acceptable fit (????2= 377.327, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.355; RMSSR = 0.073; CFI = 0.832; NNFI = 0.764). And self-care management with two-factor structure (cumulative variance 53.7%) α = 0.7, with good fit (????2 = 14.317, p = 0.014; RMSEA = 0.144; RMSSR = 0.063; CFI = 0.905; NNFI = 0.809).

Conclusions. The resulting instrument has adequate psychometric properties, consistent with the theoretical model of self-care in chronic diseases. Its use is recommended to evaluate self-care to prevent diabetic foot in populations similar to the study population.
Reflective and creative use of symbolic means in play with social roles
Authors: Gonzalez-Moreno C. , Solovieva Y.
Published: July 2022

This study presents the analysis of an intervention, in which the play with social roles was used with the use of symbolic means for the development of symbolic function in a group of 18 preschool children from Bogot, Colombia. The experimental training method proposed by Vygotsky was used in the activity of play with social roles. The analysis is made before and after the participation of the group of children in the program designed to identify changes in the symbolic function at the levels: materialized, perceptive and verbal. An analysis of the role that is fulfilled, the rules and the use of symbolic means in the play is also made. It is concluded that the mediatization and the social situation of development that is generated in the play with the use of symbolic means make possible the development of the will, which is the most important feature of personality development.
Development of time knowledge in childhood
Authors: Solodkova A.V.
Published: July 2022

Time is an integral part of human life, a necessary source of information for identifying events and their causal relationships, for organizing one’s own activity and its synchronization with other people, for better understanding and more effective interaction with the environment. Understanding one’s past, present and future is at the core of personality development. Therefore, the study of time is an actual field in modern psychology, including develop- mental psychology. This article examines the development of children’s conceptions of time, starting from a primitive sense of time that is characteristic even for newborns, primarily along several lines of development: understanding of duration, discovering the “location” of an event on the timeline, and awareness of oneself as moving or being at some point in time. The development of representations of time is considered in relationship to other aspects of child development, such as cognitive processes and the influence of nurture.
Current directions of foreign researches of identity in adolescents
Authors: Volkov R.S. , Sachkova M.Y.
Published: July 2022

The article presents an overview of the results of empirical studies of the phenomenon of identity in adolescence over the past 5 years, published in the ResearchGate catalog. Based on the materials of modern foreign sources, two relevant areas of study of personal and social identity are considered. The first direction is associated with the study of the influence of language and communication on the formation of social identity. It is noted that social identity can be determined not only by what groups a teenager belongs to, but also to what extent he has communication skills of a verbal and non-verbal nature. The second direction reflects the importance of joint parental education for the formation of the personal identity of adolescents, which can have different vectors of development. It is shown that in the adaptive version, cooperation between parents contributes to the manifestation of a healthy personal identity, the formation of confidence and independence, reliance on the maladaptive variant undermines the formation of the identity of adolescents, and also generates many future contradictions and conflicts. The article presents the perspectives and possible limitations in the study of the personal and social identity of adolescents.
Prevalence assessment adjusted for laboratory test performance using an example of the COVID-19 serological tests
Authors: Krieger Ekaterina A. , Grjibovski Andrej M. , Postoev Vitaly A.
Published: July 2022

Assessment of the prevalence of the disease or condition should consider the accuracy of the diagnostic tests. In the context of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, laboratory testing has been one of the most important components of the overall strategy for the control and prevention of this infection. Seroprevalence studies have been used to assess and monitor the level of population immunity to the virus.
In this paper we provide detailed description of the methods to calculate and interpret the accuracy of laboratory tests as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative prognostic values of laboratory tests using seroprevalence of COVID-19 studies as an example for better understanding of the methodological issues. The use of the laboratory tests accuracy in prevalence studies has been demonstrated. A sample syntax to calculate confidence intervals for the prevalence estimates using the bootstrap procedure with known absolute values of true positive and true negative results, false positive and false negative results for R software is also provided. Presentation of the prevalence estimates adjusted for test performance indicators with confidence intervals improves comparability of the findings obtained using different serological tests.
The article is intended for undergraduate-, postgraduate-, and doctoral students in health sciences working with the assessment of the prevalence (seroprevalence) of diseases or conditions through population-based serological surveys.
Modern understanding of the consequences of lack of sleep
Authors: Gavrilov Yury V.
Published: July 2022

Sleep deficit disrupts the normal function of systems and organs in humans and becomes epidemic in nature. Knowledge of the physiology of sleep and the impact of sleep deprivation on the body has expanded in recent years and allows a new assessment of the scale and depth of the problem. In the review summarizes current ideas about the effect of lack of sleep on chronic diseases and pathological processes, taking into account various body systems. Different reviews and studies over the past years have been analyzed, related to lack of sleep which contributes to the development of various diseases, have been analyzed. The use of new information about the impact of sleep on human health and the consequences of its lack opens up additional perspectives in understanding experimental and clinical work. This information can be actively used in diagnostics and therapy within the framework of integrative medicine.
Effect of 3-formylchromone derivatives on neuroinflammation reactions and JNK and NF-κB regulatory pathways
Authors: Pozdnyakov Dmitry I.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation is a significant component of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. The JNK and NF-B signaling pathways play a leading role in the progression of brain tissue inflammation, which may represent a promising target for therapeutic effects.
AIM: To evaluate the effect of new derivatives of 3-formylchromone on the course of neuroinflammation reactions and the activity of JNK and NF-B translational pathways in brain tissue in rats with cerebral ischemia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cerebral ischemia was modeled in Wistar rats by irreversible right-sided occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The studied compounds and the reference (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) were administered per os at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. After 72 hours of ischemia, changes in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated in the cerebrospinal fluid: IL-6, IL-1, IL-8 and TNF-. The content of JNK and NF-B in brain tissue was determined by enzyme immunoassay.
RESULTS: The use of the test compounds 3FC1, 3FC2, 3FC4 and 3FC5, as well as the reference medicine, contributed to a decrease in the content of proinflammatory markers in the liquor. At the same time, the most significant decrease was noted when the compound 3FC5 was administered to animals, namely, the concentration of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF- was lower relative to similar indicators of the group of animals without treatment by 30.0% (p 0.05); 64.5% (p 0.05); 48.5% (p 0.05) and 56.6% (p 0.05), respectively. The use of the fluorine-containing compound 3FC3 did not significantly affect the course of brain tissue inflammation reactions in rats. Evaluation of changes in the activity of JNK and NF-B showed that the studied substances inhibit the NF-B translational pathway and do not affect JNK, which is probably due to the activation of these signaling pathways and the antioxidant potential of the studied molecules.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of compounds that are derivatives of 3-formylchromone in conditions of experimental cerebral ischemia contributes to the reduction of neuroinflammation reactions by inhibiting the NF-B pathway, without affecting the activity of the JNK-dependent signaling system. The substance with the highest pharmacological effects is the compound 3FC5, which contains a spatially hindered phenolic hydroxyl in its structure.
A review of instruments of experimental psychological diagnostics of gender dysphoria and gender incongruence in the context of transition to ICD-11
Authors: Kirey-Sitnikova Yana , Burtsev Egor A.
Published: July 2022

In 2024, Russia will change over to the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) where the diagnosis transsexualism will be replaced by gender incongruence. At present, clinical practice guidelines rooted in evidence-based medicine are being developed. This means that validated instruments of experimental psychological diagnostics should be used. In the present review, we identify ten instruments used in international practice. After discussing their strengths and weaknesses we can recommend four instruments for diagnosing gender dysphoria and gender incongruence: Transgender Congruence Scale, Trans Collaborations Clinical Check-In (TC3), Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale, and Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale Gender Spectrum (UDGS-GS). Six instruments are recommended for prescribing psychotherapy aimed to help the patients accept their gender identity and build resilience: Transgender Congruence Scale, Gender Identity Reflection and Rumination Scale, Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire, Trans Collaborations Clinical Check-In (TC3), Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale, and Transgender Identity Survey. At the same time, we do not recommend two widely used instruments Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale (classical version) and Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults due to their inapplicability to gender non-binary individuals and those in the process of gender transition. In the article we also discuss issues related to differential diagnostics in the context of ICD-11, as well as peculiarities of using diagnostic scales with gender non-binary individuals, intersex people and detransitioners.
Psychotic symptoms for non-psychotic disorders: errors of diagnosis or a new reality?
Authors: Mendelevich Vladimir D. , Gatin Foat F. , Khamitov Rustem R. , Konovalova Veronika N. , Koroleva Polina V.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of current trends in the field of clinical psychiatry. Using the example of borderline personality disorder, in which verbal hallucinations are observed, the problem of qualifying psychotic symptoms in non-psychotic disorders is discussed. The question is raised that such phenomena can be considered either as diagnostic errors or as a new psychiatric reality.
Implementation of a Home-Use Virtual Environment BCI for People with ALS Using Different Facial Stimuli
Authors:   , Dryden Emma , Ayaz Hasan
Published: July 2022

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive loss of voluntary movement, including the ability to speak. As the disease rapidly progresses, there is a need for augmented and alternative communication that removes physical barriers required for engagement. Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are a technology that allow for communication using only brain signals in response to visual stimuli. This project aimed to design an accessible and practical BCI for continuous, at-home use, and to increase BCI usability by using familiar facial stimuli to elicit a stronger brain response. The overall goal for enhancement of BCI usability is to maximize ease of use for individuals with ALS and their caregivers so that BCI technologies can make a useful impact and improve the everyday lives of people with ALS. In this project, a new miniaturized and low-cost P300 BCI system was designed using wireless and battery-operated EEG neuroimaging, modular software, and the use of an individualized BCI presentation stimuli. A 3-dimensional virtual environment platform was integrated as a navigational control output mechanism that executes commands received from the BCI to move a user's avatar in a virtual maze. Together, these form the virtual environment BCI (veBCI). The BCI stimuli presentation consisted of a custom approach of integrating different human face images with the aim of increasing user engagement and elicited brain activity, and therefore improving BCI online accuracy. The impact and effectiveness of the approach was tested via a verification BCI study in which 6 different stimuli conditions were utilized: male celebrity face, female celebrity face, male stranger face, female stranger face, a family member/close friend of the participant, and blank/no face as a control. A total of 16 volunteers (average age 56.5 and eight diagnosed with ALS) used the BCI system with all 6 face conditions in ecologically valid settings. Results indicate that this new miniaturized BCI is usable for both people with ALS and healthy controls. Significant differences existed in the amplitude of the P300 response in ALS and healthy controls. Additionally, differences between male and female participants demonstrated the potential role of personalization to optimize the visually evoked potential response and further increase BCI online accuracy. In conclusion, a home-use P300 BCI system was developed with a new generation of miniaturized, low-cost, and mobile neuroimaging running on an embedded computational platform. BCI stimuli with human face inclusion could help personalization of the BCI. Furthermore, virtual environments provide unique new ways to implement BCI output beyond typical spelling tasks and communication. Future work could focus on developing dedicated online signal processing to eliminate noise and improve online accuracy during home use.
The Role of Maf1 in Age-Associated Phenotypes
Authors:   , Nagle Jessie M. , Sell Christian , Noguchi Eishi
Published: July 2022

mTOR is a nutrient sensory kinase that regulates lifespan. mTOR controls cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism in response to nutrient availability. mTOR regulates the Maf1 protein by phosphorylation. When dephosphorylated and activated, Maf1 functions as a master inhibitor of RNA Polymerase III to repress transcription of tRNAs and 5S rRNAs. We hypothesize that the inactivation of Maf1 results in hyper-transcription, leading to transcription-associated DNA damage, senescence, and overall lifespan shortening. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology was utilized to establish a BJ-hTERT fibroblast cell line deleted of Maf1 to study the effect of Maf1 knockout on aging and senescence. We observed Maf1 depletion by shRNAs resulted in increased tRNA and 5s rRNA expression, as well as elevated expression of senescence markers such as p16 and p21. To investigate the role of Maf1 phosphorylation in aging and senescence, using a PCR site-directed mutagenesis approach, we have introduced mutations at phosphorylation sites on Maf1 to create unphosphorylated and phosphomimetic constructs. We have also introduced silent mutations to generate RNAi-resistant Maf1 expression vectors. These vectors will then be introduced into Maf1-shRNA expressing HCF cells to evaluate how Maf1 phosphorylation state affects age-associated phenotypes.
How Higher Education and Student Affairs Masters Students Who Served in Residence Life Assistantships Experienced Supervision
Authors:   , Fisher Stacy M. , Severino Lori A
Published: July 2022

In one's professional journey, the supervisor is key to the growth and development of the team as a whole and individual staff members. The ability of the supervisor to build relationships, provide ongoing training, and give critical and timely feedback is tantamount to that staff member's skill development, overall experience, and ultimately success in the role. For graduate assistants, particularly those in the field of student affairs, where attrition levels are often high, this supervisory relationship is vital. This research study focused on the role supervision played in the professional development of graduate assistants in student affairs, particularly in residence life. Specifically, this qualitative case study explored how graduate students experienced supervision while working in their residence life assistantships. Further, this study examined these supervisory relationships as a factor of attrition in residence life. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with seven recent graduates from higher education and student affairs master's programs. Participants had 0-5 years of professional experience working in their chosen field since earning their masters' degree while serving as residence life graduate assistants at universities in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions of the United States. Additionally, The researcher invited participants to share artifacts from their experiences, including expectations and evaluations received. This study is essential to the practice of student affairs professionals as it may provide insight into the supervisory practice and skill development of current and future professionals. This study may also guide professionals to improve the quality of supervision provided to graduate assistants during this crucial phase of their career development, which, in turn, may lead to lower attrition rates. The literature review conducted included an examination of residence life assistantships; factors surrounding the development of supervisory relationships; supervision practices, including socialization and orientation; and supervision theories. The themes and patterns discovered through the literature were applied to the research questions to determine the relationship between the initial perceptions and provide recommendations on improving supervisory practices to enhance the experience of graduate students in residence life and lower attrition rates.
Российское высшее образование в условиях санкций: конструктивистский взгляд
Authors: Виньо Анн , Байков Андрей , Kalyuzhnova Yelena
Published: July 2022

Конструктивисты убедительно показали с помощью теории норм и многочисленных тематических исследований, что идеи могут быть более влиятельными, чем материальные условия, в определении политических и социальных результатов. В данной работе анализируется способность норм противостоять шоковым воздействиям, которые приводят к радикальному изменению материальных условий, и показано, что значительные сбои в контексте реализации норм могут привести к нормативным разворотам. Авторы с точки зрения теории рассматривают “разворот норм” на примере российского сектора высшего образования, раскрывая, как вооруженный конфликт 2022 г. на Украине и западные санкции повлияли на внедрение нормы университетов мирового уровня в России. Результаты качественного тематического исследования, основанного на 24 экспертных интервью, свидетельствуют о том, что, хотя интернализованные нормы могут пережить сдвиги в материальных условиях, необходимость их адаптации к меняющемуся контексту и новым политическим целям приводит к их искажению. Международная норма, касающаяся университетов мирового уровня, реализуемая в России в рамках Проекта 5-100 и инициативы “Приоритет 2030”, сталкивается с исключительными вызовами, которые привели не к отказу или развороту нормы, а к ее ремоделированию для достижения новых целей. Влияние российского нормативного “редизайна” в сфере высшего образования также открывает новый этап в реализации международной нормы для университетов мирового уровня, отмеченный отказом от западноцентричной модели.
Россия и Индия: проблемы и перспективы сотрудничества
Authors: Куприянов Алексей
Published: July 2022

Настоящая статья посвящена анализу нынешнего состояния и перспектив отношений между Россией и Индией. Автор отмечает разницу в оценке со стороны ученых, указывающих на стагнацию двусторонних связей, и политиков, оценивающих их развитие позитивно. Специфика принятия внешнеполитических решений в Индии рассматривается посредством проблематизации исследовательской методологии. Отмечается, что определение внешнеполитического курса является прерогативой премьер-министра страны и что для этого курса характерна преемственность благодаря наличию надпартийного консенсуса. Но этот консенсус находится под угрозой из-за идущих в Индии процессов размывания элит. Тем не менее на нынешнем этапе для внешней политики Индии характерны определенные императивы, которые необходимо учитывать, анализируя двусторонние связи. Автор выделяет три основных группы причин ухудшения российско-индийских отношений. Они связаны с изменениями в экономической и внешнеполитической ситуации и проблемами формирования единого мирового политического дискурса, причем последний фактор является, по его мнению, главным. Система подготовки научных и экспертных кадров не смогла приспособиться к новым реалиям, а российские власти слишком поздно осознали необходимость развивать отношения с Индией и другими восточными странами. Аналогичная ситуация, хотя и по другим причинам, сложилась в Индии. В результате образовалась своего рода “дискурсивная слепота”, при которой политические элиты обеих стран не понимают, зачем развивать отношения друг с другом, а экспертное сообщество обладает слишком малым весом для того, чтобы стимулировать этот процесс самостоятельно. Типичным примером является отношение к концепции Индо-Тихоокеанского региона (Indo-Pacific), который индийские элиты воспринимают как “естественный” конструкт, а российские элиты – как искусственно внедренный западный проект, призванный обосновать сдерживание Китая. Начавшаяся холодная война между США и КНР может усугубить эту проблему, хотя, по мнению автора, найти ее эффективное разрешение поможет, в конце концов, правильная стратегия, включающая постепенное развитие экономических связей, выработку собственной индо-тихоокеанской стратегии и поддержку отечественной индологии.
Banderas "de León"
Authors: Díez Alonso José Manuel
Published: July 2022

Hay banderas que son objetivaciones de procesos institucionales, símbolos de primer orden en los conflictos etnopolíticos contemporáneos. Las banderas son objetos para la acción, porque cada bandera se crea con un propósito, existe para un fin y contrasta con las demás, a las que se opone y complementa. Es decir, una bandera es un objeto relacional. Las banderas que utilizan los leoneses para identificarse como tales, al menos desde finales de los años 70 del siglo XX, nos ofrecen la posibilidad de comprender anomalías del proceso de distribución territorial del poder político. Las banderas “de León” permiten conectar las retóricas del origen y de la continuidad simbólica con usos contemporáneos específicos, en especial los de naturaleza expresiva desplegados en la arena política con el fin de obtener reconocimiento y autogobierno.
Gaitero (1896)
Authors: García Torres Andrea
Published: July 2022

Este artículo examina la zarzuela El gaitero (1896) como un ejemplo de la concepción mistificada de la cultura leonesa en el contexto del género chico del Madrid finisecular. Hay en esta obra representación de costumbres, trajes, música y arquitectura, que sirvieron de carta de presentación idealizada de la montaña leonesa para el público de la capital asistente al teatro por horas, pero que responde a una visión reduccionista del territorio llena de tópicos y estereotipos. Aunque existen numerosas zarzuelas regionalistas vinculadas con distintos lugares de la geografía española, el caso de El gaitero es algo raro y casi excepcional para León.
Assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a public hospital in the city of Agadir, Morocco
Authors: Oulkheir Said
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Air is the greatest dissemination agency of pathogenic microbes, which cause significant problem in the indoor hospital environment, in particularly in terms of nosocomial infections. In this context, it is important to know the types of microorganisms present in suspension in an air sample to assess the initial situation and the effectiveness of corrective measures. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assessment of microbiological indoor air quality in a three hospital units: central resuscitation, neonatal resuscitation and operating room, using a passive sampling method. Results: Findings of this study indicated that the central resuscitation recorded the highest bacterial counts population 3.33 102 CFU/m3. Total viable count of fungal was recorded high in neonatal resuscitation. This research showed that Staphylococcus non aureus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most predominant among isolated bacteria. The percentage was 70% -21% in central resuscitation and 79%-13% in operating room. In neonatal resuscitation Staphylococcus non aureus represent (29%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%) and Pasteurella pneumotropica (16%). Thus, the fungal genera identified in operating room were Penicillium 61%, Aspergillus niger (20%) and Candida glabrata (19%). In neonatal resuscitation, we found Penicillium 51%, Candida glabrata 25% and Aspergillus niger 20%. In central resuscitation, the most predominant fungi were Cladosporium (30%), Penicillium (28%) and Candida glabrata (13%). Conclusions: Microorganisms isolated from indoor air constitute microbial reservoirs that may present a risk of infection for both patients and staff. In this light microbiological monitoring of the environment in health facilities is a topic that is part of the news of the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Role of immunohistochemical markers in breast carcinoma and other breast pathologies: A review with a note on recent update
Authors: Roy Asitava Deb , Roy Ritu , Bhattacharyya Kali Sankar
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cause of malignancy worldwide in women & second most common cause of death among them. Higher number of cases have been observed from more developed regions than in less developed. In India age adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer is 2.8/100000 than United Kingdom (95/100000).

Breast specimens for histopathological evaluation are one of the most common surgical pathology specimens encountered by a surgical pathologist. In regular breast pathology, immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Although, most breast lesions may be diagnosed using routine hematoxylin and eosin sections; but, in a few situations, such as morphologically equivocal instances or metastatic cancers of unknown source, immunohistochemistry can help to make a more accurate diagnosis.

This review will focus on diagnostic immunomarkers. However, the main goal of this review is to assess the diagnostic value of the most commonly investigated immunomarkers in the field of breast pathology by a review of the literature utilising the PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) database of indexed publications from 1976 to 2022.
Behavioral Impact on Clinical Specialist Payment Method: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bahari Nor Izyani , Baharom Mazni , Abu Zahid Syahidatun Najwa , Daud Faiz
Published: July 2022

Background: With growing healthcare (HC) expenditures and limited funding, policymakers need to find new ways to provide healthcare that is affordable and fair. There are many methods for paying specialists, and the three basic payment methods include fee-for-service (FFS), capitation, and salary. This review focuses on identifying published articles related to the different methods used for paying specialists for their service and further highlights their advantages and disadvantages.
Methods: The research was designed and carried out in line with the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis" (PRISMA) checklist. Five databases were used in the literature search ie: Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, EBSCOhost, and PubMed in 2020. The search term used revolved around physician, payment method and specialist behavior.
Results: Databases were searched electronically using EndNote X9.2, wherein 588 related studies of literature were included. Meanwhile, it went down to 546 related studies after the title and abstract screening was conducted in order to eliminate duplicates. In total, 24 studies were then left to be reviewed in full text; finally, 12 studies were integrated into this analysis after a description of the entire text of the studies.
Conclusion: Payment methods can affect physician practice behaviors and the quality of healthcare. The combination of payment methods may, however, combine the benefits of simple payment methods. Where there is not adequate mixing of methods, bonus-for-performance programs may encourage the provision of targeted services. Thus, before a new medical policy is implemented, policymakers must define and empirically examine the positive and negative impacts.
The morbidity and mortality rates following surgery in metastatic spine disease patients
Authors: Aleissa Sami , Konbaz Faisal , Alsebayel Firas , Eissa Abdullah , Alogayyel Nawaf , Alhandi Ali , Almajed Muath , Bourghli Anouar , Alhelal Fahad , Abaalkhail Majed
Published: July 2022

Background: Metastasis is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Several studies have investigated the surgical outcome of a metastatic spine; however, the results are discordant. This research aims to study the mortality and morbidity rates of surgical intervention for metastatic spine disease and the predictors of postoperative complications in a tertiary care center.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted. The population consisted of patients who underwent surgical intervention for metastatic spine disease in a tertiary-care hospital from 2016 to 2020. The primary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative complications, 30- day mortality, 90-day mortality, and the 1-year survival rates.
Results: A total of 47 patients underwent a surgical intervention during the period. Breast cancer was the most frequent primary lesion for the metastasis, followed by multiple myeloma and lung cancer. Postoperative surgical complications occurred in 34% of the sample, and 41% reported marked neurological improvement following surgery. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were 2% and 12%, respectively. The overall one-year survival rate was 64%.
Conclusion: The current study indicated that despite the risk and complexity of the surgical intervention to the metastatic spine, the surgery resulted in an acceptable rate of morbidity and mortality.
The Effectiveness and Durability of Digital Preservation and Curation Systems
Authors: Rieger Oya Y. , Schonfeld Roger , Sweeney Liam
Published: July 2022

In August 2020, with funding from the Institute of Library and Museum Services (IMLS), Ithaka S+R launched an 18-month research project to examine and assess the sustainability of these third-party digital preservation systems. In addition to a broad examination of the landscape, we more closely studied eight systems: APTrust, Archivematica, Arkivum, Islandora, LIBNOVA, MetaArchive, Samvera and Preservica. Specifically, we assessed what works well and the challenges and risk factors these systems face in their ability to continue to successfully serve their mission and the needs of the market. In scoping this project and selecting these organizations, we intentionally included a combination of profit-seeking and not-for-profit initiatives, focusing on third-party preservation platforms rather than programmatic preservation. Because so many heritage organizations pursue the preservation imperative for their collections with increasingly limited resources, we examine not only the sustainability of the providers but also the decision-making processes of heritage organizations and the challenges they face in working with the providers.
Trauma History as a Significant Predictor of Posttraumatic Growth Beyond Mental Health Symptoms in Women-Identifying Survivors of Undergraduate Non-Consensual Sexual Experiences
Authors: Sinko Laura , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , Kramer Michelle Munro , Conley Terri , Arnault Denise Saint
Published: July 2022

There is little data on what influences posttraumatic growth for women who experienced non-consensual sexual contact (NCSC) as an undergraduate college student. The purpose of this study is to garner a better understanding of posttraumatic growth among women-identifying survivors of undergraduate NCSC by addressing the following aims: 1) evaluate the mediating role of NCSC-related shame on the relationship between perceived peer rape myth acceptance and posttraumatic growth (n = 174); and 2) evaluate the shared and independent variance contributions of mental health symptoms and trauma history clusters on posttraumatic growth (n = 151).

NCSC-related shame did not mediate the relationship between perceived peer rape myth acceptance and posttraumatic growth. Mental health symptoms and trauma history significantly contributed to 35.27% of posttraumatic growth variance, with the trauma history cluster significantly influencing posttraumatic growth scores beyond mental health symptoms. Based on these findings, it is important that clinicians assess for a history of trauma and the impact of that trauma in addition to mental health symptoms when trying to understand posttraumatic growth after campus sexual violence.
El Interes del Menor en el Diagnostico Genetico Preimplantacional
Authors: Rodriguez Mazariego Carlos Romeo
Published: July 2022

En el presente articulo se aborda como tema de interés la regulacion de la tecnica de reproducción asistida en su justificante como diagnostico genetico preimplatancional, por lo que se ejecuta un analisis de los conceptos particulares que se abordaran en la discusión, a su vez de los sujetos intervinientes y los preceptos legales que fungen como antecedentes nacionales e internacionales en el tema del derecho de planificación familiar, se cuestiona el fin del uso de diagnostico genetico preimplantacional dentro del territorio mexicano como medio terapeutico para terceros.
Evidence on the Impact of Population Growth on Education Financing and Provision in Tanzania
Authors: Fitzpatrick Rachael
Published: July 2022

Tanzania has made great strides in increasing enrolment rates amidst a rapidly growing population. However, despite gains made in primary enrolment, completion rates have not exceeded 70% in the past five years, and enrolment at secondary level remains low (37%). An analysis of expenditure suggests a lack of equitability in distribution of funds within the education sector. Having achieved near universal enrolment at primary level, since 2016 the Government of Tanzania has almost doubled spend on secondary education and increased spending on higher education. In the same period, however, spend per pupil at primary level has halved suggesting that budget is being directed away from pre-primary and primary education to fund secondary, with higher education slightly increasing. Furthermore, the Education Sector Analysis outlines that 35% of the education budget is spent on the top 10% highest educated in the system (Kahangwa et al. 2021, 168). In addition to disparities on spend by education level, regional differences persist in the number of classrooms, textbooks, desks and teacher shortages also exist. Despite current disparities and challenges, Tanzania’s economic growth in recent years suggests that, with increased commitment in minimum spending on education as a proportion of GDP, the education needs of the population could be met. However, this would assume continued economic growth and require a greater proportion of spend to be allocated to education, suggesting trade-offs may be required.
Donor Support for ‘Informal Social Movements’
Authors: Hicks Jacqueline
Published: July 2022

“Social movements” are by definition informal or semi-formal, as opposed to the formal structure of a stable association, such as a club, a corporation, or a political party. They are relatively long lasting over a period of weeks, months, or even years rather than flaring up for a few hours or a few days and then disappearing (Smelser et al., 2020). There is a substantial and growing body of work dedicated to social movements, encompassing a wide range of views about how to define them (Smelser et al., 2020). This is complicated by the use of other terms which shade into the idea of “social movements”, such as grass-roots mobilisation/ movements, non-traditional civil society organisations, voluntary organisations, civic space, new civic activism, active citizenship, to name a few. There is also an implied informality to the term “social movements”, so that the research for this rapid review used both “social movement” and “informal social movement”. Thus this rapid review seeks to find out what approaches do donors use to support “informal social movements” in their programming, and what evidence do they base their strategies on. The evidence found during the course of this rapid review was drawn from both the academic literature, and think-tank and donor reports. The academic literature found was extremely large and predominantly drawn from single case studies around the world, with few comparative studies. The literature on donor approaches found from both donors and think tanks was not consistently referenced to research evidence but tended to be based on interviews with experienced staff and recipients.