bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absence of embedded eigenvalues for Hamiltonian with crossed magnetic and electric fields
Authors: Dimassi Mouez , Kawamoto Masaki , Petkov Vesselin
Published: March 2021

In the presence of the homogeneous electric field [Formula: see text] and the homogeneous perpendicular magnetic field [Formula: see text], the classical trajectory of a quantum particle on [Formula: see text] moves with drift velocity [Formula: see text] which is perpendicular to the electric and magnetic fields. For such Hamiltonians, the absence of the embedded eigenvalues of perturbed Hamiltonian has been conjectured. In this paper, one proves this conjecture for the perturbations [Formula: see text] which have sufficiently small support in the direction of drift velocity.
Magnetic WKB constructions on surfaces
Authors: Bonthonneau Yannick Guedes , Duc Tho Nguyen , Raymond Nicolas , Ngọc San Vũ
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the description of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the magnetic Laplacian in the semiclassical limit via the complex WKB method. Under the assumption that the magnetic field has a unique and non-degenerate minimum, we construct the local complex WKB approximations for eigenfunctions on a general surface. Furthermore, in the case of the Euclidean plane, with a radially symmetric magnetic field, the eigenfunctions are approximated in an exponentially weighted space.
Multi-Center Validation Study of Automated Classification of Pathological Slowing in Adult Scalp Electroencephalograms Via Frequency Features
Authors: Peh Wei Yan , Thomas John , Bagheri Elham , Chaudhari Rima , Karia Sagar , Rathakrishnan Rahul , Saini Vinay , Shah Nilesh , Srivastava Rohit , Tan Yee-Leng , Dauwels Justin
Published: March 2021

Pathological slowing in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is widely investigated for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. Currently, the gold standard for slowing detection is the visual inspection of the EEG by experts, which is time-consuming and subjective. To address those issues, we propose three automated approaches to detect slowing in EEG: Threshold-based Detection System (TDS), Shallow Learning-based Detection System (SLDS), and Deep Learning-based Detection System (DLDS). These systems are evaluated on channel-, segment-, and EEG-level. The three systems perform prediction via detecting slowing at individual channels, and those detections are arranged in histograms for detection of slowing at the segment- and EEG-level. We evaluate the systems through Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) cross-validation (CV) and Leave-One-Institution-Out (LOIO) CV on four datasets from the US, Singapore, and India. The DLDS achieved the best overall results: LOIO CV mean balanced accuracy (BAC) of 71.9%, 75.5%, and 82.0% at channel-, segment- and EEG-level, and LOSO CV mean BAC of 73.6%, 77.2%, and 81.8% at channel-, segment-, and EEG-level. The channel- and segment-level performance is comparable to the intra-rater agreement (IRA) of an expert of 72.4% and 82%. The DLDS can process a 30 min EEG in 4 s and can be deployed to assist clinicians in interpreting EEGs.
Lagrangian Formulation of Lorenz and Chen Systems
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Palanisamy , Jiang Zhiheng , Wang Xiong
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the formulation of Lagrangian function for Lorenz, Modified Lorenz and Chen systems using Lagrangian functions depending on fractional derivatives of differentiable functions, and the estimation of the conserved quantity associated with the respective systems.
Gait patterns in ischemic and hemorrhagic post-stroke patients with delayed access to physiotherapy
Authors: Callegari Bianca , Garcez Daniela Rosa , da Cruz Júnior Alex Tadeu Viana , do Socorro Soares Cardoso Almeida Aline , Candeira Skarleth Raissa Andrade , do Nascimento Nathalya Ingrid Cardoso , de Castro Ketlin Jaquelline Santana , de Lima Ramon Costa , Barroso Tatiana Generoso Campos Pinho , da Silva Souza Givago , e Silva Anselmo de Athayde Costa
Published: March 2021

Objectives: (1) To assess the effects of a conventional, delayed physiotherapy protocol used by Ischemic Stroke (IS) and Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS) post-stroke patients, in their electromyographic activation patterns during hemiparetic gait; and (2) to study whether this protocol may improve the functional abilities in this population.

Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, and analytical quasi-experimental trial. Forty patients with unilateral IS ([Formula: see text]) and HS ([Formula: see text]) stroke were recruited; the stroke involved the motor cortex or sub-cortical areas, and the patients were able to walk independently. Interventions with standard protocols of physiotherapy were carried out. Evaluations (clinical and gait assessment) were performed at the time of admission and at the end of the protocol. Outcome measures include Stroke Impact Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and gait electromyographic evaluation.

Results: Only IS patients (with an average of [Formula: see text] months delayed access to physiotherapy rehabilitation) had improvements in Timed Up and Go Test (change in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]seg [Formula: see text]) and presented an anticipation of the onset in Upper leg muscles after the intervention. BF ([Formula: see text]), ST ([Formula: see text]), and RF ([Formula: see text]), started their recruitment (onset) earlier at the swing phase of the gait cycle, which is more similar to the normal pattern (grey shadow). IS and HS ([Formula: see text] months since last stroke) patients presented higher electromyographic activation, after physiotherapy, of the posterior leg muscles (gastrocnemius, semitendinosus and biceps femoris) during stance phase ([Formula: see text]).

Conclusion: IS patients had improvements after delayed conventional physiotherapy. For HS limited response to intervention was observed.
PARTNERS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SCALE OF SMES’ OPEN INNOVATION: DOES BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION MATTER?
Authors: DELTOUR FRANÇOIS , LE GALL SÉBASTIEN , LETHIAIS VIRGINIE
Published: March 2021

Small businesses face multiple constraints on innovating that open innovation (OI) has potential to help overcome. The aim of this study is to examine the association between business group affiliation and the extent of OI engaged in by SMEs. Unlike independent SMEs, those that have affiliations might benefit from internal and also external networks to initiate partnerships to innovate. We analysed data collected from 711 French SMEs that engage in innovation to assess the association between business group affiliation and open innovation practices. We found that business group affiliation has no significant relationship with the degree of engagement in open innovation or with partnership openness. Nevertheless, we found that affiliation to an international group influences the geographical openness of SMEs’ innovation. These findings contribute to our understanding of open innovation among SMEs by acknowledging the geographical challenges of partnerships in open innovation.
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION AND ENVIRONMENT IN AFRICA: THE ROLE OF OUTPUT GROWTH AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
Authors: MESAGAN EKUNDAYO PETER , AKINYEMI KAYODE ABIODUN , YUSUF ISMAILA AKANNI
Published: March 2021

As economies integrate financially and both investment and output increase, the environment may be affected depending on the nature of international financial resources attracted into the country. Hence, this study examines the effect of financial integration, output growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the environment in selected African countries involving Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, and Angola between 1980 and 2017. The study uses carbon emissions and particulate emissions (PM) to proxy pollution and analyze the data through the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) technique. Empirical results show that financial integration worsens pollution in Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and in Africa; output growth deteriorates pollution in South Africa, Algeria, Angola, and in Africa; while FDI fuels environmental degradation in Egypt and South Africa. We recommend that African countries should strive to establish specific targets for lowering emissions even though the Kyoto Protocol did not set specific emissions reduction targets for them.
Utility and Diversity: Challenges for Genomic Medicine
Authors: Burke Wylie
Published: April 2021

Genomic information is poised to play an increasing role in clinical care, extending beyond highly penetrant genetic conditions to less penetrant genotypes and common disorders. But with this shift, the question of clinical utility becomes a major challenge. A collaborative effort is necessary to determine the information needed to evaluate different uses of genomic information and then acquire that information. Another challenge must also be addressed if that process is to provide equitable benefits: the lack of diversity of genomic data. Current genomic knowledge comes primarily from populations of European descent, which poses the risk that most of the human population will be shortchanged when health benefits of genomics emerge. These two challenges have defined my career as a geneticist and have taught me that solutions must start with dialogue across disciplinary and social divides.
Symptomatic Supraventricular Tachycardia Resistant to Adenosine Therapy in a Patient with Chronic Theophylline Use
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Ajmal Muhammad , Shetty Ranjith
Published: March 2021

Theophylline is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist with indirect adrenergic effects that can lead to arrhythmias and metabolic abnormalities such as hypokalemia. Therapeutic toxicity cases have declined over the years mainly due to decreased recommended therapeutic doses and overall decreased usage of this medication due to newer available COPD treatment options. We present a clinical case of symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia resistant to adenosine therapy in a patient with theophylline use. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive medication review in acute settings to aid in identifying the underlying etiologies and initiating prompt treatments. It also signifies the importance of reviewing chronic medications in each outpatient visits to ensure continued indication for their use and be able to change them to newer agents per guidelines whenever possible.
Optimal Execution considering Trading Signal and Execution Risk Simultaneously
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Wu Lan
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we study the optimal execution problem by considering the trading signal and the transaction risk simultaneously. We propose an optimal execution problem by taking into account the trading signal and the execution risk with the associated decay kernel function and the transient price impact function being of generalized forms. In particular, we solve the stochastic optimal control problems under the assumptions that the decay kernel function is the Dirac function and the transient price function is a linear function. We give the optimal executing strategies in state-feedback form and the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equations that the corresponding value functions satisfy in the cases of a constant execution risk and a linear execution risk. We also demonstrate that our results can recover previous results when the process of the trading signal degenerates.
Optimization of Quantitative Financial Data Analysis System Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liang Meiyi
Published: March 2021

In order to better assist investors in the evaluation and decision‐making of financial data, this paper puts forward the need to build a reliable and effective financial data prediction model and, on the basis of financial data analysis, integrates deep learning algorithm to analyze financial data and completes the financial data analysis system based on deep learning. This paper introduces the implementation details of the key modules of the platform in detail. The user interaction module obtains and displays the retrieval results through data parsing, calling the background, and computing engine. The data cleaning module fills, optimizes, and normalizes the data through business experience; the calculation engine module uses the algorithm and extracts the database information to get the similar time series and matching financial model. Finally, the data acquisition module fills the database with historical data at the initialization stage and updates the database every day. The data analysis platform for quantitative trading designed and implemented in this paper has carried out demand analysis, design, implementation, and test. From the perspective of function test and performance test, two functions of similar stock search and financial matching model are selected and tested, and the results are in line with the expected results.
Novel Insight into the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Pathogenesis of Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhu Hang , Zhou Hao
Published: March 2021

Impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is followed by evolutionarily conserved cell stress responses, which are employed by cells, including cardiomyocytes, to maintain and/or restore ER homeostasis. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to degrade and remove abnormal proteins from the ER lumen. Although the UPR is an intracellular defense mechanism to sustain cardiomyocyte viability and heart function, excessive activation initiates ER‐dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process occurring during or after revascularization of ischemic myocardium. Several molecular mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac I/R injury. Due to the dual protective/degradative effects of ER stress on cardiomyocyte viability and function, it is of interest to understand the basic concepts, regulatory signals, and molecular processes involved in ER stress following myocardial I/R injury. In this review, therefore, we present recent findings related to the novel components of ER stress activation. The complex effects of ER stress and whether they mitigate or exacerbate myocardial I/R injury are summarized to serve as the basis for research into potential therapies for cardioprotection through control of ER homeostasis.
Complex Network Controllability Analysis on Business Architecture Optimization
Authors: Chen Jicheng , Chen Hongchang , Li Hanchao
Published: March 2021

Currently, the business process elements in the design of organizational business architecture are becoming increasingly complex, showing trends of networking and flattening. The control of complex business processes is a key factor for business architecture design. This paper considers a complex network generation method with business process and organization structure data and analyzes complex network controllability to examine the alignment of business processes and the organization structure. The uncontrollable nodes of the complex network can be identified, which act as the input for organization structure adjustment and business architecture optimization design.
Influences of Selenium‐Enriched Yeast on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Pigs Exposure to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Luo Yuheng , Huang Zhiqing , Zheng Ping , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun
Published: March 2021

This study elucidated the function role of dietary selenium‐enriched yeast (SeY) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs exposure to oxidative stress. Thirty‐two similarity weight pigs were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) nonchallenged control, (2) control+SeY, (3) control+diquat, and (4) control+SeY+diquat. The period of experiment was 21 days; on day 16, pigs were injected with diquat or sterile saline. Results revealed that oxidative stress was notably detrimental to the growth performance of piglets, but SeY supplementation ameliorated this phenomenon, which might be regarding the increasing of body antioxidant capacity and immune functions. In details, SeY supplementation improved the digestibility of crude protein (CP), ash, and gross energy (GE). Moreover, the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6), glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase(GPT), and glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were reduced via SeY supplemented, and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A (IgA), IgG, and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) were improved in the diquat‐challenged pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, SeY supplementation acutely enhanced the activities of these antioxidant enzymes in the liver and thymus upon diquat challenge, which involved with the upregulation of the critical genes related antioxidant signaling such as the nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) (P < 0.05). Importantly, we also found that SeY supplementation apparently reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver, thymus, and serum (P < 0.05). Specifically, the expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) in the liver and thymus were downregulated by SeY upon diquat challenge. These results suggested that SeY can attenuate oxidative stress‐induced growth retardation, which was associated with elevating body antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and suppressed inflammatory response.
Serotonin 2 Receptors, Agomelatine, and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Li Hui-Hua , Yao Xiao-Yan , Tao Sheng , Sun Xue , Li Pan-pan , Li Xi-xin , Liu Zhu-Li , Ren Chao
Published: April 2021

There are nearly 50 million Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients worldwide, 90% of whom develop behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which increase the mortality rate of patients, and impose an economic and care burden on families and society. As a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, serotonin is involved in the regulation of psychoemotional, sleep, and feeding functions. Accumulating data support the importance of serotonin in the occurrence and development of BPSD. Studies have shown that reduction of serotonin receptors can increase depression and mental symptoms in AD patients. At present, there is no drug treatment for AD approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Among them, agomelatine, as a new type of antidepressant, can act on serotonin 2 receptors to improve symptoms such as depression and anxiety. At present, research on BPSD is still in the preliminary exploratory stage, and there are still a lot of unknowns. This review summarizes the relationship between serotonin 2 receptors, agomelatine, and BPSD. It provides a new idea for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of BPSD.
CD8+ T Lymphocyte Coexpression Genes Correlate with Immune Microenvironment and Overall Survival in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiang Jialing , Zhao Yi
Published: March 2021

Purpose. To identify CD8+ T lymphocyte-related coexpressed genes that increase CD8+ T lymphocyte proportions in breast cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms among relevant genes in the tumor microenvironment. Method. We obtained breast cancer expression matrix data and patient phenotype following information from TCGA–BRCA FPKM. Tumor purity, immune score, stromal score, and estimate score were calculated using the estimate package in R. The CD8+ T lymphocyte proportions in each breast carcinoma sample were estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The samples with

p
<
0.05

were considered to be significant and were taken into the weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Based on the CD8+ T lymphocyte proportion and tumor purity, we generated CD8+ T lymphocyte coexpression networks and selected the most CD8+ T lymphocyte-related module as our interested coexpression modules. We constructed a CD8+ T cell model based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) regression model and robust model and evaluate the prediction ability in different subgroups. Results. A breast carcinoma CD8+ T lymphocyte proportion coexpression yellow module was determined. The coexpression genes in the yellow module were determined to increase the CD8+ T lymphocyte proportion levels in breast cancer patients. The yellow module was significantly enriched in the antigen presentation process, cellular response to interferon-gamma, and leukocyte proliferation. Subsequently, we generated CD8+ T cell-related genes lasso regression risk model and robust model, and eight genes were taken into the risk model. The risk score showed significant prognostic ability in various subgroups. Expression levels of proteins, encoded by CD74, were lower in the breast carcinoma samples than in normal tissue, suggesting expression differences at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Conclusion. These eight CD8+ T lymphocyte proportion coexpression genes increase CD8+ T lymphocyte in breast cancer by an antigen presentation process. The mechanism might suggest new pathways to improve outcomes in patients who do not benefit from immune therapy.
Research on Convolutional Neural Network-Based Virtual Reality Platform Framework for the Intangible Cultural Heritage Conservation of China Hainan Li Nationality: Boat-Shaped House as an Example
Authors: Deng Xi , Kim Il Tea , Shen Chong
Published: March 2021

Hainan is located at the southernmost tip of China, since ancient times it has always occupied an important position on the Silk Road. Hainan culture is dominated by minority and marine cultures and has a rich intangible cultural heritage. Hainan has always been committed to the development and utilization of its wide cultural heritage, and the development direction is mainly based on live display and folk activities. In May 2020, the Chinese government announced the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Port Policy and System, the establishment of a Hainan International Free Trade Zone, and the development of tourism, modern services, and high-tech industry. All these put forward higher requirements for the protection of Hainan’s cultural heritage, not just traditional ways to protect and promote, but also to use the dividends of current scientific and technological development to keep up with the times to protect and promote. The integration of digital technology will be the development direction of cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage. This paper enumerates and analyzes other cases and academic directions of intangible cultural heritage, combined with the present situation of intangible cultural heritage in Hainan. It also analyzes the predicament of handiwork inheritance in Hainan intangible cultural heritage, expounds the structure, humanistic connotation, and construction skills of Li nationality ship house, and summarizes the role of a novel deep learning convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based virtual reality framework of intangible cultural heritage conservation in promoting the intangible cultural heritage of traditional skills. It also puts forward the scheme and heritage conservation virtual reality content construction and provides the process of building a virtual reality platform for the intangible cultural heritage of ship-shaped houses, which as an example can be used as a reference for intangible cultural heritage researchers in other areas. At the same time, it fills the gap for the artificial intelligence-based digitization of the intangible cultural heritage.
Blockchain-Enabled 5G Edge Networks and Beyond: An Intelligent Cross-Silo Federated Learning Approach
Authors: Rahmadika Sandi , Firdaus Muhammad , Jang Seolah , Rhee Kyung-Hyune
Published: March 2021

Edge networks (ENs) in 5G have the capability to protect traffic between edge entry points (edge-to-edge), enabling the design of various flexible and customizable applications. The advantage of edge networks is their pioneering integration of other prominent technologies such as blockchain and federated learning (FL) to produce better services on wireless networks. In this paper, we propose an intelligent system integrating blockchain technologies, 5G ENs, and FL to create an efficient and secure framework for transactions. FL enables user equipment (UE) to train the artificial intelligence model without exposing the UE’s valuable data to the public, or to the model providers. Furthermore, the blockchain is an immutable data approach that can be leveraged for FL across 5G ENs and beyond. The recorded transactions cannot be altered maliciously, and they remain unchanged by design. We further propose a dynamic authentication protocol for UE to interact with a diverse base station. We apply blockchain as a reward mechanism in FL to enable computational offloading in wireless networks. Additionally, we implement and investigate blockchain technology for FL in 5G UE.
Research on Impact Mechanism of Demand Side of Urban Residents’ Electricity Consumption: Analysis Based on Microscopic Survey Data
Authors: Hong Huawei , Zheng Peng , Zhu Lingling , Zhao Yuan
Published: April 2021

With the further acceleration of urbanization in China, the proportions of both urban residents’ energy consumption and energy‐consuming terminal electricity are showing an increasing trend at the same time. In view of the dynamic and time‐varying complex system characteristics of power system, it is of great significance to study the impact mechanism of urbanization residents’ electricity consumption on the realization of demand‐side management (DSM) and environmental protection. Based on the one‐year follow‐up survey data obtained from household meter reading, this paper studies the impact mechanism of urban residents’ electricity consumption in different seasons (summer, winter, and the whole year) and terminals (with and without air‐conditioning and full samples) by descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression model. The results show that, on the whole, electricity is a necessity for urban households and does not change significantly with changes in income. At the turn of summer and autumn and the turn of winter and spring, high‐income families tend to use higher levels of energy in pursuit of comfort, while low‐ and middle‐income families do not have luxury consumption. In different seasons, the influence mechanism of household electricity consumption at different terminals is different.
Fabrication, Characterization, and Impact of Heat Treatment on Sliding Wear Behaviour of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with B4C
Authors: Singh Krishna Mohan , Chauhan Akhilesh Kumar
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research paper is to find the wear behaviour of Al7075 MMCs. In this investigation, the wear tests on the as‐cast and age‐hardened specimens were performed on an advanced rotary tribometer. The materials selected for the analysis are Al7075 as a matrix, and the reinforcements are boron carbide. By using stir casting, metal matrix composites are manufactured by adding B4C as a reinforcement particulate in Al7075. The fabricated composites were characterized and the wear behaviour of these composites was carried out on an advanced rotary tribometer. The wt. % of the reinforcements was taken as 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. The almost homogeneous blending of reinforcements is shown by the microstructural characterization of Al7075 MMCs. It is observed that due to the rise in weight percentage of the reinforcement to 12% higher hardness is obtained. For 12% of reinforcements, there is an increase in hardness due to the heat treatment than that of the as‐cast composites. From this study, it was found that the wear rate is the function of the applied load, microstructure, and volume fraction of the reinforcements. The wear rate was increasing with the sliding velocity.
A Convolutional Neural Network‐Based Classification and Decision‐Making Model for Visible Defect Identification of High‐Speed Train Images
Authors: Wang Zhixue , Peng Jianping , Song Wenwei , Gao Xiaorong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiang , Xiao Longfei , Ma Li
Published: March 2021

In high‐speed train safety inspection, two changed images which are derived from corresponding parts of the same train and photographed at different times are needed to identify whether they are defects. The critical challenge of this change classification task is how to make a correct decision by using bitemporal images. In this paper, two convolutional neural networks are presented to perform this task. Distinct from traditional classification tasks which simply group each image into different categories, the two presented networks are capable of inherently detecting differences between two images and further identifying changes by using a pair of images. In doing so, even in the case that abnormal samples of specific components are unavailable in training, our networks remain capable to make inference as to whether they become abnormal using change information. This proposed method can be used for recognition or verification applications where decisions cannot be made with only one image (state). Equipped with deep learning, this method can address many challenging tasks of high‐speed train safety inspection, in which conventional methods cannot work well. To further improve performance, a novel multishape training method is introduced. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well.
A Lightweight Application for Reading Digital Measurement and Inputting Condition Assessment in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Jwo Jung-Sing , Lin Ching-Sheng , Lee Cheng-Hsiung , Wang Chenhao
Published: March 2021

There is a vast need for the use of digital display instruments in the manufacturing industry due to the simple operation and high precision. In addition to the numerical data acquisition, it is usually necessary to input additional text for the condition assessment as well. However, since most of these measure instruments do not provide any interfaces for users to access the values and it often lacks proper devices to input the text during the working process, these two tasks are highly human intensive under current conditions. In order to facilitate the smooth running of the work for operators, we propose a lightweight application which can be installed on smartphones or wearable devices using multidigit recognition and speech recognition techniques without changing too much of their workflow. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can achieve high accuracy. Thus, the proposed solution can effectively resolve data input issues in the manufacturing sites, thereby reducing human labor, increasing productivity, and automating part of the process. Taking operators’ existing workflow into consideration for design can provide an application with an easy learning curve. Moreover, with the rapid and economical approach, companies can financially benefit from the development of this low-cost application, especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises.
A MAC Protocol of Concurrent Scheduling Based on Spatial‐Temporal Uncertainty for Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Xin , Du Xiujuan , Li Meiju , Wang Lijuan , Li Chong
Published: March 2021

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are characterized by large energy consumption, limited power supply, low bit rate, and long propagation delay, as well as spatial‐temporal uncertainty, which present both challenges and opportunities for media access control (MAC) protocol design. The time‐division transmissions can effectively avoid collisions since different nodes transmit packets at different period of time. Nevertheless, in UWSNs with long propagation delay, in order to avoid collisions, the period of time is subject to be long enough, which results in poor channel utilization and low throughput. In view of the long and different propagation delay between a receiving node and multiple sending nodes in UWSNs, as long as there is no collision at the receiving node, multiple sending nodes can transmit packets simultaneously. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a MAC protocol of concurrent scheduling based on spatial‐temporal uncertainty called CSSTU‐MAC (concurrent scheduling based on spatial‐temporal uncertainty MAC) for UWSNs. The CSSTU‐MAC protocol utilizes the characteristics of temporal‐spatial uncertainty as well as long propagation delay in UWSNs to achieve concurrent transmission and collision avoidance. Simulation results show that the CSSTU‐MAC protocol outperforms the existing MAC protocol with time‐division transmissions in terms of average energy consumption and network throughput.
Effect of GLP-1/GLP-1R on the Polarization of Macrophages in the Occurrence and Development of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yang Li , Chen Long , Li Dongfeng , Xu Hao , Chen Jishun , Min Xinwen , He Meian , Wu Tangchun , Zhong Jixin , Yang Handong , Chen Jun
Published: March 2021

Aims. To investigate the effect of GLP-1/GLP-1R on the polarization of macrophages in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Methods. Totally, 49 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 52 cases of health control (HC) were recruited, all subjects accept coronary angiography gold standard inspection. One or more major coronary arteries (LM, LAD, LCx, and RCA) stenosis degree in 50% of patients as CHD group; the rest of the stenosis less than 50% or not seen obvious stenosis are assigned to the HC group. Flow cytometry were used to detect the percentage of (CD14+) M macrophages, (CD14+CD80+) M1 macrophages, (CD14+CD206+) M2 macrophages, and their surface GLP-1R expression differences in the two groups, using BD cytokine kit to detect the levels of IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, and IL-12p70. Results. GLP-1R expression on the surface of total macrophages and M2 macrophages was different between the CHD group and the HC group (

P
<
0.05

). There was no difference in the percentage of total, M1 or M2 macrophages (

P
>
0.05

). Concentration of IL-8 in the HC group was higher than that in the CHD group (

P
<
0.05

). There is no significant difference in the cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, and IL-12p70 in the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). After controlling for potential confounders including age, gender, smoking status (S.S.), drinking status (D.S.), HR, SBP, DBP, PP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, GHbA1c, M, M1, M2, GLP-1R_M, GLP-1R_M1, GLP-1R_M2, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, and IL-12p70 by multiple linear regression, decreasing Gensini Score was significantly associated with increased percentage of M1 macrophage. Conclusion. GLP-1R agonist is independent of the hypoglycemic effect of T2DM and has protective effect on cardiovascular system. GLP-1R may regulate the polarization of macrophages toward M2, thus playing a protective role in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activity of the Compounds Isolated from Vanda roxburghii
Authors: Ahammed Salim , Afrin Rejina , Uddin Nasim , Al-Amin Yusuf , Hasan Kamrul , Haque Uzzal , Islam K. M. Monirul , Alam A. H. M. K. , Tanaka Toshihisa , Sadik Golam
Published: March 2021

Vanda roxburghii has been used in traditional medicine to treat nervous system disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We reported earlier a high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activity in the chloroform fraction of this plant. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the compounds with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities from the chloroform fraction of Vanda roxburghii. Phytochemical investigation led to the isolation for the first time of a fatty acid ester: methyl linoleate (1), and three phenolics: syringaldehyde (2), vanillin (3), and dihydroconiferyl dihydro-p-coumarate (4) along with the previously reported compound gigantol (5). Among the isolates, vanillin (3) and dihydroconiferyl dihydro-p-coumarate (4) were found to significantly inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, scavenge the free radicals, exhibit the reducing power and total antioxidant activity, and effectively reduce the peroxidation of lipid. Gigantol (5) and syringaldehyde (2), despite lacking the activity against acetylcholinesterase, exhibited antioxidant activity. Among the compounds, gigantol (5) appeared to be the most potent antioxidant. These findings revealed that V. roxburghii contained compounds with potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activity, which support its traditional use in the treatment of AD.
Norepinephrine Enhances Aerobic Glycolysis and May Act as a Predictive Factor for Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Wang Shuchang , Yang Qin , Li Jun , Yu Fengrong , Zhao Enhao
Published: March 2021

Objective/Background and Aims. The gastrointestinal tract is rich in neurotransmitters, which play an essential role in the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumors. We aimed to explore the function of neurotransmitters in gastric cancer and identify a suitable target to treat gastric cancer patients in the future. Methods. Monoamine neurotransmitters were detected in gastric cancer tissue and paired normal tissue, and The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to identify differentially expressed norepinephrine-degrading and synthetic enzymes. Quantitative real-time PCR and the Seahorse assay were used to determine the effect of norepinephrine on gastric cancer cell glycolysis. MAOA expression in cancer tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and was compared with the patient SUVmax value of PET-CT and other clinicopathological characteristics. Results. The norepinephrine levels were markedly high in gastric cancer tissue, while the norepinephrine-degrading enzymes MAOA and MAOB showed low expression. High norepinephrine levels were associated with activated glycolysis. The MAOA or MAOB expression levels in tumor tissue were closely correlated with the patient SUV max values of PET-CT and immunotherapy evaluation indices, such as PD-L1 and the microsatellite status. Conclusions. Norepinephrine shows relatively higher expression in gastric cancer tissue than in normal tissue, and its expression level is associated with the glycolysis levels in patients. The norepinephrine-degrading enzymes MAOA and MAOB have significant expression differences in cancer and normal tissue, and their missing or low expression may predict immune therapy outcomes for gastric cancer patients. High norepinephrine levels with metabolic abnormalities may be more suitable for metabolic targeted therapy or immunotherapy.
Drug‐Target Interaction Prediction via Dual Laplacian Graph Regularized Logistic Matrix Factorization
Authors: Wang Aizhen , Wang Minhui
Published: March 2021

Drug‐target interactions provide useful information for biomedical drug discovery as well as drug development. However, it is costly and time consuming to find drug‐target interactions by experimental methods. As a result, developing computational approaches for this task is necessary and has practical significance. In this study, we establish a novel dual Laplacian graph regularized logistic matrix factorization model for drug‐target interaction prediction, referred to as DLGrLMF briefly. Specifically, DLGrLMF regards the task of drug‐target interaction prediction as a weighted logistic matrix factorization problem, in which the experimentally validated interactions are allocated with larger weights. Meanwhile, by considering that drugs with similar chemical structure should have interactions with similar targets and targets with similar genomic sequence similarity should in turn have interactions with similar drugs, the drug pairwise chemical structure similarities as well as the target pairwise genomic sequence similarities are fully exploited to serve the matrix factorization problem by using a dual Laplacian graph regularization term. In addition, we design a gradient descent algorithm to solve the resultant optimization problem. Finally, the efficacy of DLGrLMF is validated on various benchmark datasets and the experimental results demonstrate that DLGrLMF performs better than other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Case studies are also conducted to validate that DLGrLMF can successfully predict most of the experimental validated drug‐target interactions.
Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flowing Properties through Porous Media with Single Rough Fractures
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Deng Tianci , Yin Qian , He Lixin
Published: March 2021

Due to the existence of pores in the fracture surface, the permeability of pore-fracture media is more complicated, and its permeability law and mechanism are worthy of an in-depth study. The rough fracture surface of this paper is obtained by 3D laser scanning technology, taken a small part of the middle area to carry out the finite element simulation of single fracture seepage, and studied the distribution of flow velocity fields and the nonlinear characteristics by changing the inlet flow rate, fracture thickness, and size of fracture surface. Given that for the same fracture opening, the flow velocity decreases from the middle position to both sides. When the roughness increases locally, the flow velocity suddenly increases. The nonlinear coefficient decreases as the fracture thickness increases. A dual-media model which consists of porous matrix and a single rough surface was established to study the seepage characteristics through two media. Given that it takes less time to reach a steady state when the permeability coefficient of the matrix is greater than that of the fracture. After reaching the steady state, the flow direction of the fluid in the matrix is consistent with the fluid direction in the fracture, and both are perpendicular to the isosurface of pore water pressure.
Sexism-Related Stigma Affects Pain Perception
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Yuqi , Li Zhihui , Hu Li , Kong Yazhuo
Published: March 2021

People with stigmatized characteristics tend to be devalued by others in a given society. The negative experiences related to stigma cause individuals to struggle as they would if they were in physical pain and bring various negative outcomes in the way that physical pain does. However, it is unclear whether stigma related to one’s identity would affect their perception of physical pain. To address this issue, using sexism-related paradigms, we found that females had reduced pain threshold/tolerance in the Cold Pressor Test (Experiment 1) and an increased rating for nociceptive laser stimuli with fixed intensity (Experiment 2). Additionally, we observed that there was a larger laser-evoked N1, an early laser-evoked P2, and a larger magnitude of low-frequency component in laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) in the stigma condition than in the control condition (Experiment 3). Our study provides behavioral and electrophysiological evidence that sexism-related stigma affects the pain perception of females.
[Retracted] CD4‐Targeted T Cells Rapidly Induce Remissions in Mice with T Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Cheng Jie , Chen Guanghua , Lv Hui , XU Liangjing , LIU Huiwen , Chen Tianping , Qu Lijun , Wang Jian , Cheng Lemei , Hu Shaoyan , Wang Yi
Published: March 2021

Objective. To explore the immune cell therapy for T cell lymphoma, we developed CD4‐specific chimeric antigen receptor‐ (CAR‐) engineered T cells (CD4CART), and the cytotoxic effects of CD4CART cells were determined in vitro and in vivo. Methods. CD4CART cells were obtained by transduction of lentiviral vector encoding a single‐chain antibody fragment (scFv) specific for CD4 antigen, costimulatory factor CD28 fragment, and intracellular signal transduction domain of CD3 fragments. Control T cells were obtained by transduction of reporter lentiviral vector. The cytotoxicity, tumor growth, and survival rate of mice with T cell lymphoma were analyzed after adoptive T cell transfer in vivo. Results. CD4CART cells had potent cytotoxic activity against CD4+ T1301 tumor T cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, adoptive CD4CART cell transfer significantly suppressed tumor growth and improved animal survival with T cell lymphoma, compared to the mice who received control T cells and PBS. Conclusion. CD4CART cells have potent cytotoxic effects on T cell lymphoma. The study provided an experimental basis for CD4CART‐mediated therapy of T cell lymphoma.
Association of Interleukin-1α Functional Polymorphism with Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Han Chinese Population
Authors: She Xiaowei , Xiao Hua , Lu Shuang , Guo Lijun
Published: March 2021

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory illness affecting a large proportion of humans. Genetic factors are thought to play important roles in its onset and development. A functional polymorphism (rs1800587) in the promoter of the interleukin-1α gene (−889 C/T) has been found to confer risk of CP primarily in Europeans, but the association between this variant and CP in the Chinese population remains less conclusive. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between rs1800587 and CP in case-control samples of Han Chinese origin. A total of 1,777 study subjects, including 884 CP patients and 893 healthy controls, were collected. Genotyping of rs1800587 was performed using the SNAPSHOT method, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between rs1800587 and CP. In our sample, rs1800587 was significantly associated with the onset of CP (additive model, T-allele vs. C-allele,

p

 = 0.00359, odds ratio = 1.446, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.127–1.855; dominant model, (TT + TC) vs. CC,

p

 = 0.00250, odds ratio = 1.502, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.957; overdominant model, TC vs. (TT + CC),

p

 = 0.00264, odds ratio = 1.508, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.976). The T-allele and [TC] genotypes of rs1800587 were significantly overrepresented in CP patients compared with controls. Our data suggest that rs1800587 of IL-1α is significantly associated with the risk of CP in Han Chinese subjects, further confirming its possible involvement in the disease.
Spleen Stiffness for Predicting Varices Needing Treatment: Comparison between Two Different Elastography Techniques (Point vs. 2D-SWE)
Authors: Fofiu Renata , Bende Felix , Lupuşoru Raluca , Roxana Şirli  , Popescu Alina , Sporea Ioan
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to establish the benefits of using spleen stiffness values measured by two elastography techniques as noninvasive markers for predicting varices needing treatment and comparing their performances. A prospective study was performed, including 107 subjects with compensated liver cirrhosis, who underwent upper digestive endoscopy, as well as spleen stiffness measurements by means of two elastography techniques: pSWE (point shear wave elastography using Virtual Touch Quantification-Siemens Acuson S2000) and 2D-SWE (2D-shear wave elastography-LOGIQ E9, General Electric). Reliable spleen stiffness measurements were obtained in 96.2% (103/107) patients by means of 2D-SWE and in 94.4% (101/107) subjects with pSWE; therefore, 98 subjects were included in the final analysis, of which 40.8% (40/98) had varices needing treatment. The optimal spleen stiffness cut-off value by 2D-SWE for predicting varices needing treatment was 13.2 kPa (AUROC 0.84), while for pSWE, it was 2.91 m/s (AUROC 0.90). Based on AUROC comparison, no difference between the performance of the two techniques for predicting varices needing treatment was found (

p
=
0.1606

). In conclusion, spleen stiffness measured by either 2D-SWE or pSWE is a reliable surrogate marker, with good feasibility, applicability, and predictive accuracy for varices needing treatment, with no significant difference between techniques.