bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the duration of normothermic regional perfusion on the results of liver transplant from controlled circulatory death donors: A retrospective, multicentric study
Authors: Barbier Louise , Guillem Thomas , Savier Eric , Scatton Olivier , Dondero Federica , Si Larbi Anne‐Gaëlle , Bucur Petru , Sulpice Laurent , Robin Fabien , Goumard Claire , Muller Xavier , Venhard Jean‐Christophe , Allard Marc‐Antoine , Pittau Gabriella , Soubrane Olivier , Mercier Emmanuelle , Laffon Marc , Lesurtel Mickael , Salamé Ephrem
Published: November 2021

In France, the program of controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) was established with routine use of in situ normothermic regional perfusion (NRP). There is currently no consensus on its optimal duration. The purpose was to assess the impact of NRP duration on liver graft function and biliary outcomes. One‐hundred and fifty‐six liver recipients from NRP‐cDCD donors from six French centers between 2015 and 2019 were included. Primary endpoint was graft function assessed by early allograft dysfunction (EAD, according to Olthoff's criteria) and MEAF (model for early allograft function) score. Overall, three (1.9%) patients had primary non‐function, 30 (19.2%) patients experienced EAD, and MEAF score was 7.3 (±1.7). Mean NRP duration was 179 (±43) min. There was no impact of NRP duration on EAD (170±44 min in patients with EAD vs. 181±42 min in patients without, P = .286). There was no significant association between NRP duration and MEAF score (P = .347). NRP duration did neither impact on overall biliary complications nor on non‐anastomotic biliary strictures (overall rates of 16.7% and 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, duration of NRP in cDCD donors does not seem to impact liver graft function and biliary outcomes after liver transplantation. A 1 to 4‐h perfusion represents an optimal time window.
A study of diabetic ketoacidosis in the pregnant population in the United Kingdom: Investigating the incidence, aetiology, management and outcomes
Authors: Diguisto Caroline , Strachan Mark W. J. , Churchill David , Ayman Goher , Knight Marian
Published: November 2021

Aim

To estimate the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among pregnant women, describe its clinical features, management and outcomes and identify the risk factors for the condition.

Methods

A national population‐based case–control study was conducted in the UK using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System between April 2019 and September 2020 including all pregnant women with DKA irrespective of the level of blood glucose. The incidence rate of DKA in pregnancy was estimated. A case–control analysis limited to women with type 1 diabetes was performed comparing characteristics of women with DKA (cases) to those of women whose pregnancies were not complicated by DKA (controls).

Results

In all, 82 women were identified with DKA in pregnancy; 6.3 per 100,000 maternities (95% CI: 5.0–7.9). No maternal deaths occurred, but perinatal mortality was 12/73 (16%) with 11 stillbirths and one neonatal death. DKA episodes mostly occurred in women with type 1 diabetes (85%) and in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (71%). Episodes were mainly precipitated by infection (21%), vomiting (21%), steroid therapy (13%) and medication errors (10%). Fifteen percent of women had more than one episode of DKA during their pregnancy. Risk factors associated with DKA among women with type 1 diabetes identified through the case–control analysis were the woman and/or partner not being in a paid employment and having at least one microvascular complication of diabetes before pregnancy.

Conclusion

DKA in pregnancy was associated with high perinatal mortality and was linked with factors related to socio‐economic deprivation, mental health problems and long‐term difficulties with glycaemic control.
Multiparametric analysis of coronary flow in psoriasis using a coronary flow reserve companion
Authors: Tona Francesco , Osto Elena , Kerkhof Peter L. M. , Montisci Roberta , Famoso Giulia , Lorenzoni Giulia , De Michieli Laura , Cecere Annagrazia , Zanetti Irene , Civieri Giovanni , Iliceto Sabino , Piaserico Stefano
Published: November 2021

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is usually evaluated measuring coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). A more comprehensive analysis of CFVR including additional consideration of the associated logical companion‐CFVR, where hyperemic diastolic coronary flow velocity may act as surrogate, was applied in this study to elucidate the mechanism of CMD in psoriasis.

Methods and results

Coronary flow velocity reserve was analysed using transthoracic echocardiographs of 127 psoriasis patients (age 36 ± 8 years; 104 males) and of 52 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. CFVR determination was repeated in the patient subgroup (n = 78) receiving anti‐inflammatory therapy. Baseline and hyperemic microvascular resistance (MR) were calculated. CMD was defined as CFVR ≤ 2.5. Four endotypes of CMD were identified referring to concordant or discordant impairments of hyperemic flow or CFVR. We evaluated the companion‐CFVR, as derived from the quadratic mean of hyperemic and diastolic flow velocity at rest. Coronary flow parameters, including CFVR (p = 0.01), were different among the two endotypes having CFVR > 2.5. Specifically, all 11 (14%) patients with CFVR deterioration despite therapy, belonged to endotype 1, and had higher baseline and hyperemic MR (p < 0.0001, both). Interestingly, while CFVR was comparable in patients with worsened versus those with improved CFVR, the companion‐CFVR could discriminate by being lower in patients with worsened CFVR (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The reduced CFVR in psoriasis is driven by decreased companion‐CFVR, combined with increased hyperemic MR. Adoption of the mandatory companion‐CFVR enables a personalized characterization superior to that achieved by exclusive consideration of CFVR.
Distinct epilepsy phenotypes and response to drugs in KCNA1 gain‐ and loss‐of function variants
Authors: Miceli Francesco , Guerrini Renzo , Nappi Mario , Soldovieri Maria Virginia , Cellini Elena , Gurnett Christina A. , Parmeggiani Lucio , Mei Davide , Taglialatela Maurizio
Published: November 2021

A wide phenotypic spectrum of neurological diseases is associated with KCNA1 (Kv1.1) variants. To investigate the molecular basis of such a heterogeneous clinical presentation and identify the possible correlation with in vitro phenotypes, we compared the functional consequences of three heterozygous de novo variants (p.P403S, p.P405L, and p.P405S) in Kv1.1 pore region found in four patients with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), with those of a de novo variant in the voltage sensor (p.A261T) identified in two patients with mild, carbamazepine‐responsive, focal epilepsy. Patch‐clamp electrophysiology was used to investigate the functional properties of mutant Kv1.1 subunits, both expressed as homomers and heteromers with wild‐type Kv1.1 subunits. KCNA1 pore mutations markedly decreased (p. P405S) or fully suppressed (p. P403S, p. P405L) Kv1.1‐mediated currents, exerting loss‐of‐function (LoF) effects. By contrast, channels carrying the p.A261T variant exhibited a hyperpolarizing shift of the activation process, consistent with a gain‐of‐function (GoF) effect. The present results unveil a novel correlation between in vitro phenotype (GoF vs LoF) and clinical course (mild vs severe) in KCNA1‐related phenotypes. The excellent clinical response to carbamazepine observed in the patients carrying the A261T variant suggests an exquisite sensitivity of KCNA1 GoF to sodium channel inhibition that should be further explored.
Editor Profile: Eli Arama
Authors:   The FEBS Journal Editorial Team, Arama Eli
Published: November 2021

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Eli Arama is an Associate Professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. He has served as an editorial board member of The FEBS Journal since 2018.
Statistical models for estimating the fatigue life, the stress–life relation, and the P‐S–N curves of metallic materials in Very High Cycle Fatigue: A review
Authors: Tridello Andrea , Boursier Niutta Carlo , Rossetto Massimo , Berto Filippo , Paolino Davide S.
Published: November 2021

The research on the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) response of materials is fundamental to guarantee a safe design of structural components. Researchers develop models for the fatigue life in VHCF, aiming at assessing the stress–life relation and, accordingly, the probabilistic S–N (P‐S–N) curves. In the paper, the models for the stress–life relation in VHCF are comprehensively reviewed. The models are classified according to the approach followed for defining the stress–life dependency, that is, power law, probabilistic, fracture mechanics, or Paris law‐based approach. The number of failure modes that can be modeled, the statistical distribution for the fatigue life, and the characteristics of the estimated P‐S–N curves are also reviewed by analyzing the fitting capability of experimental datasets for each model. This review is supposed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the currently available models and guide the future research.
Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour: a contemporary multi‐institutional case series highlighting the diagnostic utility of PRKAR1A immunohistochemistry
Authors: Anderson William J , Gordetsky Jennifer B , Idrees Muhammad T , Al‐Obaidy Khaleel I , Kao Chia‐Sui , Cornejo Kristine M , Wobker Sara E , Cheville John C , Vargas Sara O , Fletcher Christopher D M , Hirsch Michelle S , Acosta Andrés M
Published: November 2021

Aims

Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour (LCCSCT) is a rare testicular sex cord‐stromal tumour that primarily affects young patients and is associated with Carney complex. We sought to characterise the clinicopathological features of a series of LCCSCT and evaluate the diagnostic utility of PRKAR1A immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Methods and results

The LCCSCT cohort (n = 15) had a median age of 16 years (range = 2–30 years). Four patients were known to have Carney complex. PRKAR1A IHC was performed in each case. For comparison, PRKAR1A IHC was also assessed in other sex cord‐stromal tumours, including Sertoli cell tumour, not otherwise specified (SCT, NOS; n = 10), intratubular large cell hyalinising Sertoli cell tumour (n = 1) and Leydig cell tumour (n = 23). Loss of cytoplasmic PRKAR1A expression was observed in all but one LCCSCT (14 of 15; 93%). PRKAR1A expression was retained in all SCTs, NOS (10 of 10; 100%), the majority of Leydig cell tumours (22 of 23; 96%) and an intratubular large cell hyalinising Sertoli cell tumour (1 of 1; 100%). One Leydig cell tumour showed equivocal staining (multifocal weak expression).

Conclusions

Overall, PRKAR1A loss is both sensitive (93%) and highly specific (97%) for the diagnosis of LCCSCT. PRKAR1A loss may aid its diagnosis, particularly in sporadic cases and those that are the first presentation of Carney complex.
The sources of the many faces of consumer smartphone attachment: A value‐in‐use perspective
Authors: Sohn Stefanie , Karampournioti Evmorfia , Wiedmann Klaus‐Peter , Fritz Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

Smartphones have evolved to be among the most important objects in peoples' daily lives. However, little knowledge exists on users' relationships with smartphones. This study examines the user‐smartphone relationship from an attachment perspective. More specifically, the present research develops an understanding of the different faces of smartphone attachment considering the perceived value‐in‐use of smartphones as a source. The findings of an online survey among smartphone users reveal that users are attached to the smartphone itself because of the value it derives during usage. Most interestingly, the effects of perceived value‐in‐use have been found to be ambivalent because they can enhance both positive (e.g., passion) and negative (e.g., separation distress) aspects of smartphone attachment. Moreover, specific compositions of the value‐in‐use define the individual facets of smartphone attachment. For instance, passion has been found to be determined by social, hedonic, and utilitarian value‐in‐use, whereas distress is triggered by both perceived utilitarian and hedonic value‐in‐use. In sum, this study's findings help to understand and manage consumers' smartphone attachment.
Hacia un concepto inclusivo de relaciones laborales colectivas: artículos seleccionados de laRevista Internacional del Trabajoa lo largo del último siglo
Authors: BOSCH Gerhard
Published: November 2021

Las relaciones laborales colectivas se amparan en derechos que corresponden a los órganos de representación de los trabajadores, y no a cada trabajador. Para el presente monográfico se han seleccionado 15 investigaciones publicadas sobre este tema en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo a lo largo de su historia. Uno de los criterios de selección ha sido que los artículos se centraran en el fortalecimiento de la inclusividad, es decir, la extensión de la protección al mayor número posible de personas, y no solo a colectivos privilegiados. La inclusividad es indispensable para reducir la discriminación en el mercado laboral y unlversalizar el trabajo decente.
Pancreatitis and post‐pancreatitis diabetes in Central Australia
Authors: Wicks Mary M. , Barr Elizabeth L. M. , Maple‐Brown Louise
Published: November 2021

Background

Pancreatitis and diabetes are common among Aboriginal people of Central Australia. The contribution of pancreatitis to the development of post‐pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is not known.

Aims

To describe among Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people living in Central Australia, (i) the prevalence and aetiology of acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP), and (ii) diagnosis of new onset diabetes after pancreatitis.

Methods

Retrospective medical record review of patients ≥15 years admitted to hospitals in the Central Australia Health Service between 2009 and 2018 with pancreatitis. Prevalence as a proportion of the resident population and aetiology of AP and CP were determined. Diagnosis of new onset diabetes after admission with pancreatitis was assessed.

Results

Of the 638 patients assessed, 73% were Aboriginal and 48% female. The annual prevalence in 2009 and 2018 for AP was 171 and 203 per 100 000 persons, and for CP was 206 and 114 per 100 000 persons respectively. Rates were high in Aboriginal people. Alcohol aetiology was most common in Aboriginal people (66%) and biliary aetiology in non‐Aboriginal people (37%). A diagnosis of diabetes after pancreatitis was detected in 125 (29%) of 438 patients who did not have a diabetes diagnosis previously recorded, and 20 of the 22 tested for diabetes‐associated antibodies were negative, fitting criteria for PPDM.

Conclusion

Prevalence of AP and CP in Central Australia was higher in Aboriginal than non‐Aboriginal people. Few patients with diabetes recorded after pancreatitis had appropriate PPDM diagnostic testing. Interdisciplinary education on the diagnosis of PPDM is required.
Prothrombin complex concentrates for the urgent reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban: an Australian retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wallwork Stephanie , Wang Yang , Chaiwatanatorn Kritika , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole
Published: November 2021

Background

Direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are now commonly prescribed medications. Urgent reversal of their anticoagulant effect is sometimes required in emergency situations. In Australia, a specific reversal agent for factor Xa (FXa)‐inhibitor DOAC is not available. Instead, two non‐specific haemostatic agents, activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) and 3 factor‐prothrombin complex concentrate (3F‐PCC), are used off‐label despite a paucity of evidence for their effectiveness or safety.

Aims

To provide further insight into the efficacy and safety of 3F‐PCC and aPCC for the reversal of the anticoagulant effect of FXa inhibitor DOACs.

Methods

We conducted a single‐centre retrospective cohort study to investigate the use of aPCC and 3F‐PCC for patients on FXa‐inhibitor DOAC who present with a significant bleeding event or who require urgent surgery. The primary outcome was haemostatic efficacy according to prespecified criteria. Safety outcomes included the thromboembolic event rate and all‐cause mortality during the hospital admission.

Results

A total of 51 patients was included in the study (36 patients who had a spontaneous bleeding event and 15 non‐bleeding patients who required urgent perioperative management). Thirty‐one patients received aPCC and 20 patients received 3F‐PCC. Haemostasis was adjudicated as effective in all assessable patients (n = 50; 100%). Thromboembolic events occurred in three patients who received aPCC and one patient who received 3F‐PCC. All‐cause mortality was 7.8% (four patients).

Conclusions

Both aPCC and 3F‐PCC are useful adjuncts for the management of patients who require urgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect of FXa‐inhibitor DOAC. However, the risk of thromboembolism in this patient group requires careful consideration. Prospective, comparator studies are needed along with the development of guidelines that reflect the availability of haemostatic agents in Australia.
Prevalence and clinical risk prediction of hypertriglyceridaemia in a community cohort
Authors: Tan Hong L. E. , Hure Alexis , Peel Roseanne , Hancock Stephen , Attia John
Published: November 2021

Background

Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG; defined as ≥1.7 mmol/L) has a prevalence of 18–33% with significant inter‐regional variation. Despite meta‐analysis demonstrating its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, only 40% of HTG is identified in the community resulting in underutilisation of lipid‐lowering therapy and specialist clinics. An increase in awareness of its clinical risk factors is needed to improve the identification and management of HTG to prevent cardiovascular risk.

Aims

To evaluate the prevalence, distribution and clinical predictors of HTG ≥1.7 mmol/L in a representative community group.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), a longitudinal cohort of community‐dwelling men and women aged 55−85 years residing in Newcastle, New South Wales. Fasting triglycerides were identified based on the availability of fasting blood glucose level and categorised according to normal (<1.7 mmol/L), mild (1.7 to <2.3 mmol/L) and moderate–severe HTG (≥2.3 mmol/L). Clinical predictors of HTG were assessed using linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Of 2536 triglyceride levels, 2216 (87%) were in a fasting state and included in the study. Three hundred and two (13.6%) participants had mild HTG and 221 (10.0%) participants had moderate–severe HTG. Significant clinical predictors of HTG included male gender, increasing body mass index, current smoking, decreasing daily step counts, increasing fasting glucose and higher thyroid‐stimulating hormone. Alcohol intake and blood pressure were not significant in either adjusted regression model.

Conclusions

HTG ≥1.7 mmol/L is common, affecting 24% of the HCS. Clinical predictors identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular risk management. Clinician education to promote awareness is required to improve patient outcomes.
At what age do children have the motor development to adequately brush their teeth?
Authors: Chua Doris Ruyi , Hu Shijia , Sim Yu Fan , Lim Wanyi , Lai Bien Wen Pui , Hong Catherine Hsu Ling
Published: November 2021

Background

There is no consensus regarding when children are ready to brush independently.

Aim

To examine the effects of chronological age and motor development on toothbrushing effectiveness in 5‐ to 7‐year‐old children.

Design

In this cross‐sectional study, the change in Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) score and the improvement in OHI category (eg, poor to fair) were used to measure toothbrushing effectiveness. Motor development was assessed using the Beery‐Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, and a parental questionnaire was used to determine the child's ability to perform certain daily tasks.

Results

Children aged ≥6 years were significantly more likely to show improvement in OHI category (OR = 2.4, p = .032) than 5‐year‐old children. Parental report of their child's ability to write/print addresses (OR = 3.7, p = .009), tie shoelaces (OR = 2.9, p = .008), and cut/file nails (OR = 3.2, p = .036) was significantly more likely to show improvement in OHI category. A model using chronological age, visual motor age, ability to write/print addresses, tie shoelaces, cut/file nails, and toothbrushing duration achieved 61.8% sensitivity and 80.4% specificity in predicting a child's ability to achieve improvement in OHI category.

Conclusions

Children entering elementary school (≥6 years old) brushed their teeth more effectively than preschool children. A multifactorial model provided an acceptable predictor of the child's ability to brush effectively.
Study on the molecular mechanism of Laccaria bicolor helping Populus trichocarpa to resist the infection of Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Dong Fengxin , Wang Yihan , Tang Ming
Published: November 2021

Aims

This study explored the specific molecular mechanism of Laccaria bicolor to help Populus trichocarpa resist infection by Botryosphaeria dothidea.

Methods and Results

Transcriptome technology was used to sequence P. trichocarpa under disease stress, and a total of 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. A total of 536 new DEGs were induced by L. bicolor during the infection of B. dothidea. L. bicolor helps to prevent and alleviate the infection of B. dothidea by regulating related genes in the cell wall pathway, signal transduction pathway, disease-resistant protein synthesis pathway and antioxidant enzyme synthesis pathway of P. trichocarpa.

Conclusion

The inoculation of L. bicolor can regulate the expression of genes in the cell wall pathway and enhance the physical defense capabilities of plants. Under disease stress conditions, L. bicolor can regulate signal transduction pathways, disease-resistant related pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance pathways to help P. trichocarpa alleviate the disease.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The research reveals the mechanism of L. bicolor inducing resistance to canker of P. trichocarpa from the molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant disease resistance.
Elucidating the antibiofilm activity of Frangula emodin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Đukanović Stefana , Ganić Tea , Lončarević Branka , Cvetković Stefana , Nikolić Biljana , Tenji Dina , Randjelović Danijela , Mitić-Ćulafić Dragana
Published: November 2021

Aims

Because the Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most well-known pathogens associated with medical devices and nosocomial infections, the aim of the study was to examine antibiofilm potential of emodin against it.

Methods and Results

Antibacterial activity was examined through microdilution assay. Antibiofilm testing included crystal violet staining of biofilm biomass and morphology analysis by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, aerobic respiration was monitored using the Micro-Oxymax respirometer. For investigation of gene expression qRT-PCR was performed. Emodin demonstrated strong antibacterial activity and ability to inhibit biofilm formation of all tested strains. The effect on preformed biofilms was spotted in few strains. AFM revealed that emodin affects biofilm structure and roughness. Monitoring of respiration under emodin treatment in planktonic and biofilm form revealed that emodin influenced aerobic respiration. Moreover, qRT-PCR showed that emodin modulates expression of icaA, icaD, srrA and srrB genes, as well as RNAIII, and that this activity was strain-specific.

Conclusion

The results obtained in this study indicate the novel antibiofilm activity of emodin and its multiple pathways of action.

Significance and Impact of Study

This is the first study that examined pathways through which emodin expressed its antibiofilm activity.
How COVID‐19 has affected staffing models in intensive care: A qualitative study examining alternative staffing models (SEISMIC)
Authors: Endacott Ruth , Pearce Susie , Rae Pamela , Richardson Annette , Bench Suzanne , Pattison Natalie ,   the SEISMIC Study Team
Published: November 2021

Aims

To understand how COVID‐19 affected nurse staffing in intensive care units (ICUs) in England, and to identify factors that influenced, and were influenced by, pandemic staffing models.

Design

Exploratory qualitative study.

Methods

Semi‐structured, online interviews conducted July–September 2020 with regional critical care leaders including policy leads (n = 4) and directors/lead nurses (n = 10) across critical care networks in England.

Findings

The six themes emerging from the framework analysis illustrate how the pre‐pandemic ICU culture influenced ICU staffing models during the pandemic. Changes in staffing impacted on the workforce and the care delivered, whilst it was necessary to learn from, and adjust to, a rapidly changing situation. Variation across and between networks necessitated variation in responses. The overwhelming outcome was that the pandemic has challenged the central tenets of ICU nurse staffing.

Conclusions

Pandemic nurse staffing models resulted in changes to ICU skill‐mix and staffing numbers. Factors such as the impact of nurse staffing on care practices and on the workforce need to be taken into account when developing and testing future nurse staffing models for ICU. The extent to which ICUs will return to former staffing models is not yet known but there seems to be an appetite for change.

Impact

In common with many countries, nurse staffing in English ICUs was adapted to address surge requirements during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings highlight the challenge COVID‐19 presented to pre‐pandemic ICU nurse staffing guidelines, the impact on patient and staff well‐being and the potential legacy for future staffing models. Study findings have implications for ICU nurse managers, researchers and policy makers: nurse staffing models need to be adaptable to the local context of care and future research should investigate the impact of different models on patients, staff and health service outcomes.
Diabetes mellitus and its impact on mortality rate and outcome in pulmonary embolism
Authors: Schmitt Volker H , Hobohm Lukas , Sivanathan Visvakanth , Brochhausen Christoph , Gori Tommaso , Münzel Thomas , Konstantinides Stavros V , Keller Karsten
Published: November 2021

Aims/Introduction

In patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), the impact of diabetes mellitus on patient profile and outcome is not well investigated.

Material and Methods

The German nationwide inpatient sample of the years 2005–2018 was analyzed. Hospitalized PE patients were stratified for diabetes, and the impact of diabetes on in‐hospital events was investigated.

Results

Overall, 1,174,196 PE patients (53.8% aged ≥70 years, 53.5% women) and, among these, 219,550 (18.7%) diabetes patients were included. In‐hospital mortality rate amounted to 15.8%, and was higher in diabetes patients than in non‐diabetes patients (19.8% vs 14.8%, P < 0.001). PE patients with diabetes had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, right ventricular dysfunction (31.8% vs 27.7%, P < 0.001), prolonged in‐hospital stay (11.0 vs 9.0 days, P < 0.001) and higher rates of adverse in‐hospital events. Remarkably, diabetes was independently associated with increased in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.23, P < 0.001) when adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities. Within the observation period of 2005–2018, a relevant decrease of in‐hospital mortality in PE patients with diabetes was observed (25.5% to 16.8%). Systemic thrombolysis was more often administered to diabetes patients (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–3.49, P < 0.001), and diabetes was associated with intracerebral (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12–1.26, P < 0.001), as well as gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.15, P < 0.001). Type 1 diabetes mellitus was shown to be a strong risk factor in PE patients for shock, right ventricular dysfunction, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and in‐hospital death (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.61–1.90, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Despite the progress in diabetes treatments, diabetes is still associated with an unfavorable clinical patient profile and higher risk for adverse events, including substantially increased in‐hospital mortality in acute PE.
Environmental assessment of discarded plastic caps as a honeycomb core: An eco‐mechanical perspective
Authors: Oliveira Pablo Resende , Kilchert Sebastian , May Michael , Panzera Tulio Hallak , Scarpa Fabrizio , Hiermaier Stefan
Published: November 2021

The extensive disposal of plastic components into the environment requires an economically and ecologically feasible solution for the proper treatment or new uses for plastic waste. This study compares the environmental and mechanical performance of a sandwich panel based on disposed bottle caps core with different eco‐friendly skins and adhesive. A cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment compares the environmental impacts of the manufacture of six‐bottle cap panel designs with various skin (aluminum, recycled PET, and flax laminates) and adhesive types (epoxy vs. biopolymer) by calculating their ReCiPe midpoint impact indicators. An eco‐mechanical indicator is additionally proposed to measure the efficiency of designs with greater strength/stiffness and less environmental footprint. The bio‐based skin on the sandwich panel significantly reduces environmental damage between 32% and 87% compared to metallic skins. Recycled skin promotes the lowest impacts, while considerably reducing mechanical performance. The bio‐based adhesive has emissions up to 15% lower than epoxy. The eco‐mechanical balance showed up to 630% higher efficiency for bottle cap panel designs based on bio‐based polymer, flax‐based skins, and/or less adhesive depending on the mechanical response. Promising environmental performance with superior mechanical strength highlights the potential of bottle caps as an eco‐friendly honeycomb for secondary construction and transport structures.
Family‐based treatments for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of family functioning outcomes in randomized controlled trials from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Babinski Dara E. , Sibley Margaret H.
Published: November 2021

This review details advances in randomized controlled trials of family‐based treatments for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) conducted in the United States from 2010 to 2019, and the impact of these treatments on the domain of family functioning. Twenty‐two studies were included in the review and three types of family treatments, integrated parent–child treatments, parent‐directed treatments, and youth treatments with adjunctive parent involvement, were identified for children and adolescents. Studies point to considerable advancements in consideration of understudied and diverse populations, and results of the review show all three types of family interventions for ADHD should be considered well‐established interventions addressing family functioning. Practical guidelines are offered, and future directions for research are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock following intravascular, intramuscular, and oral administrations
Authors: Corum Orhan , Terzi Ertugrul , Durna Corum Duygu , Uney Kamil
Published: November 2021

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam were investigated after single intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral dose of 1 mg/kg in rainbow trout broodstock at 11 ± 1.2°C. A total of 36 healthy rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock weighing 1.40 ± 0.26 kg was used for the investigation. Plasma concentrations of meloxicam were measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non‐compartmental analysis. The elimination half‐life for IV, IM, and oral routes was 3.63, 4.55, and 2.95 h, respectively. The IV route for meloxicam showed the total clearance of 0.05 L/h/kg and volume of distribution at a steady state of 0.20 L/kg. The peak plasma concentration was 2.97 μg/ml for the IM route and 0.84 μg/ml for the oral route. The bioavailability was 78.45% for the IM route and 21.48% for the oral route. Meloxicam following IM and oral administration displayed short t1/2ʎz. The short t1/2ʎz could be an advantage for the short‐term use in acute conditions. The IM route with the good bioavailability can be preferred for the treatment of various conditions. However, developing new oral formulations with the good bioavailability for meloxicam is necessary to minimize stress and trauma through minimal handling in rainbow trout broodstock.
A novel TFL1 gene induces flowering in the mast seeding alpine snow tussock, Chionochloa pallens (Poaceae)
Authors: Samarth  , Lee Robyn , Kelly Dave , Turnbull Matthew H. , Macknight Richard , Poole Anthony M. , Jameson Paula E.
Published: November 2021

Masting, the synchronous, highly variable flowering across years by a population of perennial plants, has been reported to be precipitated by various factors including nitrogen levels, drought conditions, and spring and summer temperatures. However, the molecular mechanism leading to the initiation of flowering in masting plants in particular years remains largely unknown, despite the potential impact of climate change on masting phenology. We studied genes controlling flowering in the alpine snow tussock Chionochloa pallens (Poaceae), a strongly masting perennial grass. We used a range of in situ and manipulated plants to obtain leaf samples from tillers (shoots) which subsequently remained vegetative or flowered. Here, we show that a novel orthologue of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1; normally a repressor of flowering in other species) promotes the induction of flowering in C. pallens (hence Anti‐TFL1), a conclusion supported by structural, functional and expression analyses. Global transcriptomic analysis indicated differential expression of CpTPS1, CpGA20ox1, CpREF6 and CpHDA6, emphasizing the role of endogenous cues and epigenetic regulation in terms of responsiveness of plants to initiate flowering. Our molecular‐based study provides insights into the cellular mechanism of flowering in masting plants and will supplement ecological and statistical models to predict how masting will respond to global climate change.
Extended consequences of selection by exotic invaders on natives
Authors: Atwater Daniel Z. , Callaway Ragan M.
Published: November 2021

This article is a Commentary on Oduor (2022), 233: 983–994.
Determinants of nest box local recruitment and natal dispersal in a declining bird population
Authors: Carle‐Pruneau Esther , Bélisle Marc , Pelletier Fanie , Garant Dany
Published: November 2021

Recruitment and dispersal are important demographic rates and studying their determinants is particularly important in the current context of global anthropogenic perturbations. In birds, and especially for migratory species, assessing these rates is challenging because of the difficulties involved in tracking individuals beyond fledging. Here we assessed the determinants of nest box local recruitment and natal dispersal distances in a declining aerial insectivore, the tree swallowTachycineta bicolor. We used a 16‐year dataset obtained from the long term monitoring of a population breeding within a 10 200‐km2study system located along a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada. Yearly nest box local recruitment rates ranged there in between 1.0% and 3.2%. Heavier nestlings who fledged earlier were more likely to recruit. Natal dispersal distances were generally short (mean ± SD = 12.7 ± 13.8 km) in the study system and were influenced by different factors depending on sex. Females dispersed over shorter distances when conspecific occupancy on breeding site was high, while males dispersed farther in the presence of competing house sparrowsPasser domesticusand when their mother was young. Selection of breeding locations appeared to take place at multiple scales and individuals recruited in sites with characteristics similar to their natal sites. Our results provide important information concerning the factors influencing nest box local recruitment and natal dispersal dynamics of this migratory species. These factors should be considered in conservation practices for this species in order to support production of recruits in habitats favorable to their survival.
Solanaceous plants switch to cytokinin‐mediated immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum under high temperature and high humidity
Authors: Yang Sheng , Cai Weiwei , Shen Lei , Wu Ruijie , Cao Jianshen , Tang Weiqi , Lu Qiaoling , Huang Yu , Guan Deyi , He Shuilin
Published: November 2021

Plant diseases generally tend to be more serious under conditions of high temperature and high humidity (HTHH) than under ambient temperature, but plant immunity against pathogen attacks under HTHH remains elusive. Herein, we used pepper as an example to study how Solanaceae cope with Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) under HTHH by performing RNA‐seq combined with the reverse genetic method. The result showed that immunities mediated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in pepper roots were activated by RSI under ambient temperature. However, upon RSI under HTHH, JA signalling was blocked and SA signalling was activated early but its duration was greatly shortened in pepper roots, instead, expression of CaIPT5 and Glutathione S‐transferase encoding genes, as well as endogenous content of trans‐Zeatin, were enhanced. In addition, by silencing in pepper plants and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana, CaIPT5 was found to act positively in the immune response to RSI under HTHH in a way related to CaPRP1 and CaMgst3. Furthermore, the susceptibility of pepper, tomato and tobacco to RSI under HTHH was significantly reduced by exogenously applied tZ, but not by either SA or MeJA. All these data collectively suggest that pepper employs cytokinin‐mediated immunity to cope with RSI under HTHH.
Can Buildings be Racist? A Critical Sociology of Architecture and the Built Environment
Authors: Fu Albert S.
Published: November 2021

Can buildings be racist? In the study of racism, there is extensive literature on racist popular culture. However, buildings and architecture, as potentially racist cultural products, are understudied. This article examines Spanish‐Colonial Revival architecture in Southern California as an example of urban placemaking with racist origins and legacies. This article relies on archival research to examine how buildings can be just as, if not more, racist than other forms of visual culture. The built environment physically structures human activities and movements, but it operates in the background. This invisibility of the built environment as “culture” allows architects, builders, and other social actors to design structures that enforce racial boundaries both symbolically and physically. This article concludes with a discussion of how architecture and the built environment can be foregrounded in sociological research.
Guiding principles for social security policy: Outcomes from a bottom‐up approach
Authors: Orton Michael , Summers Kate , Morris Rosa
Published: November 2021

Covid‐19 has highlighted the inadequacy of UK social security but also the lack of consensus among progressive actors about what would be a better system. One way forward is to focus on the principles that should underpin social security. We present outcomes from a project in which principles were considered by a panel of Expert by Experience benefit claimants. We argue that while scholars often engage in descriptively identifying social security principles in existing policy, the bottom‐up approach presented here offers a way of generating normative principles to guide an improved future system. We identify key contributions of this bottom‐up approach relating to: the critical importance of principles as a guide to the fundamental purpose of social security, and policy making; the relationship between the treatment of claimants and benefit levels as co‐dependent; and how a bottom‐up process can produce results that engage with and contribute holistically to the debate.
Effectiveness of lotilaner against ticks of the genus Amblyomma spp. in three naturally infested cane toads (Rhinella horribilis)
Authors: Fuatos Gámez Braulio Alejandro , Sánchez Cisneros Jocelín Selene , Villarreal Villarreal José Pablo , Miranda Contreras Laura , Romero Núñez Camilo
Published: November 2021

The efficacy of lotilaner was evaluated in three tick‐infested cane toads. A single oral administration of lotilaner eliminated all ticks from all three toads from Day (D)1. Environmental samples collected from toad enclosures were negative for ticks until D30.
Epidemiological investigation of a tularaemia outbreak after a hare hunt in Bavaria, Germany, 2018
Authors: Böhm Stefanie , vom Berge Katharina , Hierhammer Daniela , Jacob Daniela , Grunow Roland , Riehm Julia M. , Konrad Regina , Dauer Marc , Bouschery Berit , Hossain Hamid , Schichtl Elisabeth , Böhmer Merle M.
Published: November 2021

In November 2018, a tularaemia outbreak occurred in Bavaria, Germany, among participants of a hare hunt and butchery employees handling the hares. We conducted an epidemiological outbreak investigation, including a retrospective cohort study among hunting participants, to identify likely transmission routes and activities associated with infection. Twelve of 41 participants were antibody‐positive for Francisella (F.) tularensis (attack rate: 29%). Cases reported influenza‐like symptoms (n = 11), lymphadenopathy (n = 1) and conjunctivitis (n = 1). Infection only occurred in those hunting participants present while hares were processed, while risk of infection was highest when directly involved (RR = 10.0; 95%CI: 2.6–392). F. tularensis was isolated from 1/4 hares. Only two individuals reported using some of the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). Occurrence of mainly non‐specific symptoms, likely due to early treatment, was not indicative of a specific transmission route. Transmissions via direct (skin/mucosa) contact and by inhalation of contaminated aerosols seem plausible. Promoting and increasing appropriate use of PPE among people processing hares is crucial to prevent future outbreaks.
Clay Ceramic Support Membrane Optimization Using Factorial Design Approach
Authors: Ait Baih M. , Saffaj N. , Bakka A. , Mamouni R. , El baraka N. , Zidouh H. , El Qacimi N.
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the effect of Sintering temperature, Particle size and Heating rate of the ceramic support membrane Elaboration based on dry clay were evaluated using full factorial design and investigated by porosity and mechanical strength measures. The flat supports have been prepared from 5 g of the material with a two fraction 2 and 30 µm, the extrusion was performed using the uniaxial pressing in applicant a pressure of 12 tones, the supports sintered between 900° C and 1200°C with a different heating rate (1°C/min and 10°C/min). By using full factorial design 23, it was found that the sintering temperature is the main controlling factors of the physical properties of dry ceramic support membrane, and its increase had a positive effect on Mechanical strength and negative effect on porosity. The interactions between the factors were relatively less important, and they had different (antagonistic/synergetic) influence on the properties. The optimal factors to elaborate the support membrane include a particle size of 2 µm, sintering temperature of 950°C, Heating rate of 1°C predicting the porosity of 40, 8% and Mechanical strength of 12 MPa.
Surface Modification of Stainless-Steel Membrane using a Closed-Batch iCVD Reactor for Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Gürsoy M. , Saygı Ö. , Hoyladı R. , Yorulmaz M. , Karaman M.
Published: November 2021

Oil-spill is one of the major global issues facing society in this century. The aim of this study was to develop a steel-based membrane for selective separation of oil from oil/water mixture. For this purpose, a single-step, rapid and environmentally friendly closed-batch initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) method was employed to deposit hydrophobic thin film on a stainless-steel mesh. Perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFDA) and tert-butyl peroxide (TBPO) were used as monomer and initiator, respectively. Owing to the inherent vapor-based nature of iCVD method provided excellent conformal coverage on the mesh with high durability. iCVD coated mesh showed 96% oil/water separation efficiency. Highly reproducible results were obtained when the oil/water separation experiments were repeated.
Fraudulent Detection Model Using Machine Learning Techniques for Unstructured Supplementary Service Data
Authors: Akinje Ayorinde O. , Fuad Abdulgalee
Published: November 2021

The increase in mobile phones accessibility and technological advancement in almost every corner of the world has shaped how banks offer financial service. Such services were extended to low-end customers without a smartphone providing Alternative Banking Channels (ABCs) service, rendering regular financial service same as those on smartphones. One of the services of this ABC’s is Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), two-way communication between mobile phones and applications, which is used to render financial services all from the bank accounts linked for this USSD service. Fraudsters have taken advantage of innocent customers on this channel to carry out fraudulent activities with high impart of fraudulent there is still not an implemented fraud detection model to detect this fraud activities. This paper is an investigation into fraud detection model using machine learning techniques for Unstructured Supplementary Service Data based on short-term memory. Statistical features were derived by aggregating customers activities using a short window size to improve the model performance on selected machine learning classifiers, employing the best set of features to improve the model performance. Based on the results obtained, the proposed Fraudulent detection model demonstrated that with the appropriate machine learning techniques for USSD,  best performance was achieved with Random forest having the best result of 100% across all its performance measure, KNeighbors was second in performance measure having an average of 99% across all its performance measure while Gradient boosting was third in its performance measure, its achieved accuracy is 91.94%, precession is 86%, recall is 100% and f1 score is 92.54%. Result obtained shows two of the selected machine learning random forest and decision tree are best fit for the fraud detection in this model. With the right features derived and an appropriate machine learning algorithm, the proposed model offers the best fraud detection accuracy.
Designing Ray-Pointing using Real hand and Touch-based in Handheld Augmented Reality for Object Selection
Authors: Abdul Halim Nur Ameerah , Ismail Ajune Wanis
Published: November 2021

Augmented Reality (AR) have been widely explored worldwide for their potential as a technology that enhances information representation. As technology progresses, smartphones (handheld devices) now have sophisticated processors and cameras for capturing static photographs and video, as well as a variety of sensors for tracking the user's position, orientation, and motion. Hence, this paper would discuss a finger-ray pointing technique in real-time for interaction in handheld AR and comparing the technique with the conventional technique in handheld, touch-screen interaction. The aim of this paper is to explore the ray pointing interaction in handheld AR for 3D object selection. Previous works in handheld AR and also covers Mixed Reality (MR) have been recapped.