bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Evaporation of Fluids from Fiber-Optic Micro-Cell Cavities
Authors: Preter Eyal , Preloznik Borut , Artel Vlada , Sukenik Chaim , Donlagic Denis , Zadok Avi
Published: November 2013

Fiber-optic sensors provide remote access, are readily embedded within structures, and can operate in harsh environments. Nevertheless, fiber-optic sensing of liquids has been largely restricted to measurements of refractive index and absorption spectroscopy. The temporal dynamics of fluid evaporation have potential applications in monitoring the quality of water, identification of fuel dilutions, mobile point-of-care diagnostics, climatography and more. In this work, the fiber-optic monitoring of fluids evaporation is proposed and demonstrated. Sub-nano-liter volumes of a liquid are applied to inline fiber-optic micro-cavities. As the liquid evaporates, light is refracted out of the cavity at the receding index boundary between the fluid and the ambient surroundings. A sharp transient attenuation in the transmission of light through the cavity, by as much as 50 dB and on a sub-second time scale, is observed. Numerical models for the transmission dynamics in terms of ray-tracing and wavefront propagation are provided. Experiments show that the temporal transmission profile can distinguish between different liquids.
Governance and the Gulf of Mexico Coast: How Are Current Policies Contributing to Sustainability?
Authors: Jordan Stephen , Benson William
Published: November 2013

The quality of life and economies of coastal communities depend, to a great degree, on the ecological integrity of coastal ecosystems. Paradoxically, as more people are drawn to the coasts, these ecosystems and the services they provide are increasingly stressed by development and human use. Employing the coastal Gulf of Mexico as an example, we explore through three case studies how government policies contribute to preventing, mitigating, or exacerbating the degradation of coastal ecosystems. We consider the effectiveness of the current systems, what alternate or additional policy solutions might be needed to ensure the sustainability of the region and its quality of life, and what this example can tell us about the sustainability of coastal systems globally. In our examples, among other aspects, policies that are proactive and networked governance structures are observed to favor sustainable outcomes, in contrast to reactive policies and hierarchical models of governance.
Marketing Strategy to Increase Exhibition Attendance through Controlling and Eliminating Leisure Constraints
Authors: Lee Daehui Peter , Palakurthi Radesh
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this study is to discover marketing strategies to increase exhibition attendance through controlling and eliminating leisure constraints that prevent customers from attending exhibitions. In this study, statistical methods such as reliability analysis, principal components
analysis, factor analysis, independent samples t tests, paired samples t tests, and analysis of variance were utilized to analyze the data. The results showed that there were significant relationships between demographic characteristics of exhibition attendees and the leisure
constraints (i.e., intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, and structural constraints) perceived by them. The findings of this study give exhibition planners, organizers, managers, and researchers useful information for discovering marketing strategies in order to control and
eliminate specific constraints that prevent customers from attending exhibitions.
Motivation-Based Segments of the Sulkava Rowing Race Event Visitors
Authors: Karvonen Maria , Komppula Raija
Published: November 2013

Since several authors argue that tourism motivations are a decisive part of tourism behavior, the purpose of this study is to identify sport event visitor segments based on motivations at the Sulkava Rowing Race event. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to
identify the profile of each segment. Differences between segments with respect to sociodemographic, event attendance and expenditure variables were examined. Five segments were identified: Event enthusiasts, Hangarounds, Novelty seekers, Nature lovers, and Rowing enthusiasts. Statistically
significant differences between the segments were found. A review of the literature on event tourism and the findings of this study indicate that people attending different types of events (cultural events, sport events, religious events, etc.) do indeed share similar motivations to some extent
and similar segments may appear across events. Nevertheless, the Hangarounds segment identified in this study has not so far been reported as such in the segmentation literature.
Visitors' Motivations in Attending an Ethnic Minority Cultural Festival: A Case Study of the Feŝta Croatian Food and Wine Festival, South Australia
Authors: Kim Sangkyun , Savinovic Ana , Brown Steve
Published: November 2013

This study investigates visitors' motivations for attending an ethnic minority cultural festival in Australia. As an empirical study, an on-site survey was conducted at the 2009 Feŝta Croatian Food and wine Festival in Adelaide, South Australia. The results of the study identified
eight main motivational dimensions for ethnic minority cultural festival attendance: "community support," "escape," "knowledge/education," "food, wine, and entertainment," "family togetherness," "marketing," and "socialization." The results also suggested that no statistically significant
differences were found between Croatian-born and non-Croatian-born visitors in terms of all eight motivational factors. These findings offer important implications for public or private festival and event organizations, state governments, and local communities that have an interest in developing
and organizing ethnic minority cultural festivals.
A one-pot synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-2-isoxazolines from trifluoromethyl aldoxime
Authors: Gonçalves Raoni S B , Dos Santos Michael , Bernadat Guillaume , Bonnet-Delpon Danièle , Crousse Benoit
Published: November 2013

Functionalized 3-trifluoromethyl-2-isoxazolines and 3-trifluoromethylisoxazoles were easily prepared from trifluoromethyl aldoxime 2 under mild conditions by using DIB as oxidant. Theoretical studies of the reactivity of trifluoroacetonitrile oxide 4 toward olefins and alkynes were carried out. The 3-trifluoromethyl-2-isoxazolines were ring-opened with NaBH4 and NiCl2 to yield the corresponding trifluoromethylated γ-amino alcohols.
Synthesis of homo- and heteromultivalent carbohydrate-functionalized oligo(amidoamines) using novel glyco-building blocks
Authors: Wojcik Felix , Lel Sinaida , O’Brien Alexander G , Seeberger Peter H , Hartmann Laura
Published: November 2013

We present the solid phase synthesis of carbohydrate-functionalized oligo(amidoamines) with different functionalization patterns utilizing a novel alphabet of six differently glycosylated building blocks. Highly efficient in flow conjugation of thioglycosides to a double-bond presenting diethylentriamine precursor is the key step to prepare these building blocks suitable for fully automated solid-phase synthesis. Introduction of the sugar ligands via functionalized building blocks rather than postfunctionalization of the oligomeric backbone allows for the straightforward synthesis of multivalent glycoligands with full control over monomer sequence and functionalization pattern. We demonstrate the potential of this building-block approach by synthesizing oligomers with different numbers and spacing of carbohydrates and also show the feasibility of heteromultivalent glycosylation patterns by combining building blocks presenting different mono- and disaccharides.
Color Face Recognition Based on Quaternion Zernike Moment Invariants and Quaternion BP Neural Network
Authors: Chen Bei Jing , Shu Hua Zhong , Chen Gang , Ge Jun
Published: November 2013

As an active research topic, many algorithms have been presented for face recognition. However, they mainly utilize the monochromatic intensity information. Among a few color face recognition methods, most of them treat the three channels separately. In this paper, a color face image is treated in a holistic manner by using the quaternion theory. We then propose a new algorithm for color face recognition, which uses the quaternion Zernike moment invariants and the quaternion BP neural network for the color face recognition. Experimental results on the Collection of Facial Images (Grimace) database, including major expression variation and considerable variation in head turn and tilt, show that the proposed method is better than the conventional ones in recognition rate.
Microstructural Study of the Magnesium Alloy (Az31) Galvanostatically Etched for Different Periods Followed by Copper Electrodeposition in the Alkaline Copper-Sulfate Bath
Authors: Huang C.A. , Chang J.H. , Wang T.H. , Mayer J.
Published: November 2013

A well adherent copper deposit on the Mg alloy (AZ31) can be obtained with a pretreatment with galvanostatic etching then followed by copper electrodeposition in an alkaline copper-sulfate plating bath. Experimental results show that the effect of galvanostatic etching on copper electrodeposition depends strongly on potential variation during anodic etching period. Oxygen-rich Cu and Mg layers were observed in the initial stage of galvanostatic etching. However, increasing the gavanostatic etching period to the potential plateau of its anodic polarization curve, the oxygen-rich Cu and Mg layers were almost removed and an activated surface of AZ31 can be achieved, which is suitable for Cu electrodeposition in the alkaline Cu-sulfate plating bath. The above-mentioned results were evidenced from the microstructure study with scanning transmission electron microscope.
Numerical Modeling of the Oil Spill Trajectory and Real-Time Tracking Using Intelligent Swarm Robots
Authors: Pashna Mohsen , Yusof Rubiyah , Ismail Zool H.
Published: November 2013

An oil spill is discharge of fluid petroleum such as crude oil or its by-product derivations such as diesel and gasoline on the water surface. In this paper, a numerical model of the oil spill has been introduced as a simulation of releasing oil on the sea surface. Meantime, the influence of sea waves and wind has been considered and shown. Moreover, a swarm of robots is engaged in order to track the spreading boundaries of the slicked oil, so that a novel schedule of robot locomotion is presented, based on the online sharing information in the flock network. Therefore, the swarm of robots tracks the oil spill margins intelligently and successfully.
Design and Kinematic Analysis of Parallel Robot for Ankle Rehabilitation
Authors: Aman Muhammad Nazrin Shah Bin Shahrol , Basah Shafriza Nisha Bin
Published: November 2013

Ankle injury is one of the most common injuries in sports or domestic related accidents. This injury can usually be treated via a number of rehabilitation exercises. However, currently rehabilitation of ankle injury directly depends of physiotherapy session administered by experts; which is tedious and expensive in nature. In this paper, we proposed a concept based on parallel mechanism to assist patients undergoing ankle rehabilitation procedures. This is due to a number of advantages of parallel mechanism as compared to serial mechanism higher payload-to-weight ratio, structure rigidity, accuracy and relatively simple solution. We reported our design process; including the concept generation and selection according to a number of relevant design parameters. After which, followed by embodiment design involving kinematic analysis of the proposed mechanism. The findings, in terms of conceptual design and kinematic analysis should be able to provide an insight for ankle rehabilitation based on suitable parallel mechanism.
Empirical Research on Competitiveness of Hebei Iron and Steel Co., LTD
Authors: Chang You Ling , Guan Jin Hua
Published: November 2013

Using the principal components analysis in SPSS, We analyze Competitiveness, searched competitiveness for influence factors in order to find problems, accordingly improving enterprise management. While enlarging its own scale, Hebei iron and steel Co.,Ltd, should also accelerate product structure adjustment, achieve the resources configuration optimization through Advance and Retreat inside the enterprise so as to improve the enterprise competitive advantages.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Earthquake Emergency Response Ability of Counties
Authors: Deng Yan , Nie Gao Zhong , Su Gui Wu
Published: November 2013

The earthquake emergency ability of counties is directly related to the successful or not for the whole earthquake emergency response (abbr. EER) of China. Based on the field survey of EER ability of counties after Wen Chuan earthquake, this paper firstly analyzes the definition of EER ability from the two layers of the absolute and relative EER ability of counties. Then deconstructs the evaluation index system of the absolute EER ability of counties and the comprehensive assessment method of the two EER abilities. Finally, taking Sichuan province for example assesses EER ability of Sichuans counties. This method will help to quantificationally assess the EER ability of counties, which will not only strengthen their abilities, but also help the high-level government to give more scientific decision-making for the configuration of its limited EER resources.
Dielectric Properties of Concrete Specimens after Heat Stress
Authors: Lunak Miroslav , Kusak Ivo , Chobola Zdenek
Published: November 2013

Concrete quality depends on various stress factors. The impedance spectroscopy method, as one of the non-destructive testing method group, was used to characterize concrete specimens and track the changes in the concrete spectrum after heat stress. The temperature range was between 0°C and 1200°C. Variances in the tan δ (f) and Im Z(f) or Re Z(f) of the specimens under investigation have been observed. The specimen quality has been described by means of the loss type prevailing in the material. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the correlation between the relative permittivity and changes in the structure for heat stress samples.
Using of Impact-Echo Methods to Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures Corrosion
Authors: Šamárková Kristýna , Chobola Zdeněk , Štefková Daniela
Published: November 2013

The paper deals with the study of dominant frequencies of an Impact-Echo method response signal obtained from a reinforced concrete beam with a steel rod diameter of 8 mm. Tension pulse was produced in axis of the rod at one end and detected in axis at opposite end of rod. Dominant frequencies of the response signal will be the main criterions for the reinforced concrete rebar corrosion progress. The article presents the results of measurements obtained after 12 months controlled degradation in aqueous NaCl solution. The results were compared with measurements of electrical resistance of reinforcing steel by using the Thomson double bridge.
Instability Analysis of Coupling Seepage and Stress Field in Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Li Ji Wei , Wang Hua Bing , Zhang Ling
Published: November 2013

The instability of seepage and stress field coupling in unsaturated soil caused by wet process, resulted stability change in unsaturated soil.Thus,it is important to analysis the conditions of the coupling stability not in theory but in engineering. A coupled seepage and stress field model was derived from the transport laws in continuum mechanics and Darcy's law, integrated with fluid motion in porous media. Then, a linear instability analysis was performed to investigate the general conditions of which kind would trigger the non-stability of the coupling field. Finally, some variables, which have a significant effect on the onset of the instability of the unsaturated system subjected to the instability of the coupled model, were proposed in some simplified conditions.
Degradation of Textile Wastewater Using Solar Photocatalysis and SBR
Authors: Yuan Yun Song , Ji Fang Ying , Xu Xuan , Fan Zi Hong , Jiang Ning
Published: November 2013

In this study, a new kind of photocatalysts was prepared by titanium dioxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate and copper. It was used to improve the biodegradability of textile wastewater under solar light. The effect of light intensity, dissolved oxygen and wastewater hydraulic remain time on the biodegradability improvement were researched. Experiments show that when the light intensity, DO and HRT are 2.1mW/cm2, 2.37mg/L and 3h, respectively, the B/C value of textile wastewater increases from 0.11 to 0.37, and DHA value increases from 3.72TF/(ml·h) to 22.68μgTF/(ml·h). Photocatalysis reactor combined with sequencing batch reactor was used to further treat textile wastewater. The results show that COD and BOD5 decline to 71mg/L and 18mg/L, respectively.
Range-Free Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks with Asymmetric Links
Authors: Zhao Hong Gang , Shi Hao Shan , Zhao Yong Hui
Published: November 2013

Good positioning accuracy and coverage are important evaluation criterion for Wireless Sensor Network localization algorithm. DV-HOP is one of the classical range-free localization algorithms, which has good adaptivity and flexibility when node density (ND) and anchor density (AD) are both smaller. However, DV-HOP doesn't consider asymmetric links' influence in heterogeneous network, which is analyzed and proved as the main reason for poor positioning accuracy in DV-HOP. Then a Range-Free Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network with Asymmetric Links (RLAAL) is proposed, whose kernel mechanisms are Neighbor Discovery Algorithm (NDA) and Least Hops Acquiring Mechanism (LHAM). Every Node uses NDA to find all neighbors and uses LHAM to find least hops to Anchor nodes. Simulation results show that RLAAL can reduce asymmetric links' influence and have better positioning accuracy and coverage than DV-HOP.
The Research of Frame-Relay Multipoint Interface Network Based on OSPF
Authors: Cui Jian Tao , Deng Lu Juan
Published: November 2013

Frame-relay and OSPF is a common application combination in engineering practice, A lot of problems need to be paid attention to when using different OSPF network type in different Frame-relay topology environment. Misconfiguration is more likely to cause network to run abnormally. According to the engineering practice of Frame-relay and OSPF, this paper puts forward the key problems in Frame-relay multipoint interface network running OSPF, and makes an intensive study of the main points of solving problems.
A Novel Satellite Telephone Communication System Based on SIGSO Satellite
Authors: Cui Jun Xia , Shi Hu Li
Published: November 2013

In recent years, the coverage of terrestrial mobile communication network is more and more extensive, and the mobile phones have occupied the vast majority of voice communications in almost all countries. However, satellite voice communication system is still playing an irreplaceable role on the vast sea and the land area which are not covered by the land mobile communication network. The motion characteristics of the SIGSO satellites and its new demands and characteristics to the system are analyzed, and a novel very low rate satellite telephone system is put forward. The speech coding algorithms are studied, and a suitable speech coding algorithm and coding rate of 600bps is selected for the SIGSO satellite communication system. The overall design of the satellite voice communication network is given, including link budgets, network structure, system components, system signaling and so on. This satellite telephone system can get access to the PSTN network through ground gateway to achieve interoperability with the public network.
Improved Computational Efficiency of Nearest-Nodes Finite Element Method (NN-FEM)
Authors: Luo Yun Hua
Published: November 2013

The recently developed nearest-nodes finite element method (NN-FEM) has a number of advantages over the conventional finite element method (FEM). The most attractive one is that its performance is nearly not affected by element distortion. However, low computational efficiency of NN-FEM is a major concern, as in the original NN-FEM a local problem has to be solved at each quadrature point to construct shape functions there. In this paper, a new strategy is introduced in NN-FEM for constructing shape functions aiming at improving its computational efficiency. The strategy is, for regular-shape elements, shape functions are constructed at the element center and the obtained shape functions are used at all quadrature points in the element; only for severely distorted elements, shape functions are constructed separately at each quadrature point. Numerical results show that computational efficiency of the NN-FEM can be significantly improved with the above strategy, while other performance of the method is not affected.
Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Graphene Oxide Composites
Authors: Li Cheng Peng , She Mary , Kong Ling Xue
Published: November 2013

Polyvinlyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composites are prepared by solution blending method. And the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of as-prepared composites is evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate the graphene oxide can significantly modify the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of the PVA, for instance improved crystallization temperature and prolonged crystallization time. Enhanced crystallization temperature illustrates that GO can act as effective nucleating agent. However, prolonged crystallization time means that GO can retard the whole crystallization. Further kinetics analysis indicates that both the crystallization kinetics of neat PVA and PVA/GO match the Mo model very well. According to the Mo model, during the whole crystallization process, graphene oxide perform as a retardant. In conclusion, graphene oxide can act as effective nucleating agent due to strong interaction bewteen graphene oxide and PVA matrix. On the other hand, graphene oxide loaded may lead to other side effects. This side effects may lead to the retarded crystallization speed finally.
Mechanical and Microstructural Behaviors of Directionally Solidified Al2O3/Al16Ti5O34 Eutectics
Authors: Abali Serkan
Published: November 2013

In this work, rods of Al2O3–TiO2eutectics containing 65 and 60 wt% Al2O3were grown using the laser floating zone method. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the phase composition. Creep strength of Al2O3–Al16Ti5O34(65AT) eutectic at 1500°C has 320 MPa, which is about higher thanβ–Al2TiO5/Al2O3(60AT) crystal. Temperature dependence flexure strength, hardness, elasticity and fracture toughness of the Al2O3–Al16Ti5O34andβ–Al2TiO5/Al2O3crystals were analyzed. The relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical properties were analyzed the 60 and 65AT eutectic crystals.
Superplasticity of Inconel 718 Alloy by Strain-Reduced Superplasticity Deformation Process
Authors: Dong Hong Bo , Wang Yong , Wang Li
Published: November 2013

The high temperature tensile experiments were carried out to investigate the superplasticity of Inconel 718 alloy by using the strain-reduced superplasticity deformation process based maximum m value method. The results indicate the fine and homogeneous grain structure of Inconel 718 alloy is obtained by hot forging, δ phase precipitation and recrystallization heat treatment process. The Inconel 718 alloy exhibits good superplasticity at a wide range of temperature from 950°C to 1020°C, and the best elongation of 566% appears at 950°C. It shows the excellent superplasticity of Inconel 718 alloy can be obtained with the strain-reduced superplasticity deformation process based maximum m value method.
Effect of Solvent Composition on the Formation of Hydroxyapatite/Silk Fibroin Composites Prepared Using Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Sriudom Suchaya , Niamsup Hataichanoke , Saipanya Surin , Watanesk Ruangsri , Watanesk Surasak
Published: November 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely utilized in the biomedical applications due to its chemical and structural features that are similar to the natural bones. The addition of organic components enhances the flexibility of the HA-based composites which result in increasing its molding ability into any desirable shapes. In this article, preparation of hydroxyapaptite/silk fibroin (HA/SF) composite using sol-gel method is reported. The optimal condition for preparing the HA/SF composites was determined by judging from their crystallite size, crystallinity and particle size distribution, morphology and calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio investigated with X-ray diffraction analysis, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The HA/SF composite was successfully prepared in the binary solvent of ethanol and water at the optimal volume ratio of 4:1. At this solvent condition, the composites had a uniform rod-liked shape, ranging from 30-70 nanometers. The Ca/P ratios of all composites are close to the theoretical value of about 1.67.
Bearing Board's Force Analysis of the Rodless Drilling Set and its Prototype Test
Authors: Liu Wen Wu , Hu Chang Sheng , Lu Nian Li
Published: November 2013

To solve the problem of the traditional drill rig in its designs and applies, the concept of the rodless drilling rig was put forward. The working and structural principles of the rodless drilling set were introduced. The three-dimensional models of the rodless drilling rig and rodless drilling set were built based on virtual prototype technology. A detailed analysis of the rodless drilling sets force was made, and the force statuses of one bearing board of the rodless drilling set in all directions were given out. By the rodless drilling sets prototype test, the displacement curve was achieved, which indicates the working and structural principles of the rodless drilling set are correct, and its operation is reliable as well.
Reduction in Finish Match Grinding Cycle Time of Valve Cone through Process Optimization
Authors: Jaikumar B.H. , Raja Hussain , Satish S.N.
Published: November 2013

Finish Match Grinding is amongst the most demanding of all high precision grinding tasks and there are very few grinding machines capable of carrying out this process and delivering the tolerances required on a high volume production basis. In the present work experiments were conducted on Bahmuller finish match grinding machine with L9 Orthogonal array. The important machining variables considered were air grind feed, rough grind feed, fine rough grind feed and input stock of material. The developed model can be used across various industries using the same operation to select right combination of machining parameters to achieve an optimal cycle time, surface roughness (Ra) and roundness. The confirmatory tests gave very good results and with a cycle time reduction of 20%.
Special Features of Strain and Fracture in Steels under Impact Fatigue Loading
Authors: Popelyukh Albert , Bataev Ivan , Popelyukh Pavel , Chumachenko Anastasiya
Published: November 2013

Processes of carbon steels fracture under their repetitive dynamic loading according to the compression scheme have been studied. It has been ascertained that the main cause of fracture of cyclically compressed specimens is crack initiation and propagation on exposure to tensile internal stresses forming at the crack tip during the external load removal stages. The crack growth rate is maximal at the initial stage of its advancement near the notch. When the crack propagates depthward the specimen, its rate decelerates and weakly depends on the current specimen cross section. A model of the steels fatigue fracture process under repetitive dynamic loading has been proposed. It has been revealed that medium-and high-carbon steels quenched and tempered at 300 °С have long life duration.
Research on Velocity-Displacement Curve for Mechanical Linkage Servo Press
Authors: Yu Jun , Zhang Li Chao , Shi Yu Sheng , Xiong Hai Yang , Zhao Zu Ye
Published: November 2013

With main transmission system structural form of main servo motor-worm and worm gear commutation reducer-transmission screw-linkage force increasing mechanism, mathematical model of linkage force increasing mechanism is established to obtain the relationships of the velocity and displacement between nut and slide. Velocity and displacement of feature points of slide on the velocity-displacement curve inputted by user transform into which of nut by binary search algorithm and linear interpolation calculation. The feature points of nut transform into the velocity and displacement arrays of points based on S-curve, and then the arrays of points transfer through UDP protocol to lower computer. After the linear fine interpolation by Siemens Simotion D425 motion controller, slide moves according to the setting velocity-displacement curve. The experimental results show that slide moves smoothly, which meets specific technology requirements. The achievements have been successfully applied to a self-developed 2000KN mechanical linkage servo press in a production line of hot forming technology for more than one year, which extends the technology application scope of traditional mechanical press, and improves product quality.
Corrosion Conditions Analysis of In-Service ACSR Overhead Lines
Authors: Deng Yuan Jing , Yu Jun Chao , Xia Kai Quan , Yang Lin
Published: November 2013

The corrosion conditions of in-service aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) overhead lines in typical climate were studied by using macroscopic and microscopic methods. According to its operating environment, the corrosion causes were also analyzed. It is found that the corrosion of the outer aluminum stranded conductors is more serious than other parts. And partial corrosion pits have been found on the outer layers of aluminum stranded conductors. While there is no obvious corrosion appeared on the steel core matrix. Additionally, corrosion products can reduce the corrosion rate of aluminum stranded conductors but accelerate corrosion of the steel core. Through this research, more attention should be paid to monitor the aluminum stranded conductors.
Economic and Energetic Analysis for Optimizing the Length of Flat-Plate Solar Air Heating Collectors
Authors: Fathi Nassar Yasser , Alamen Sharif Mohamed
Published: November 2013

One dimensional steady state mathematical model has been developed for study the thermal behavior of two types of flat-plate solar air heating collectors. The model allows demonstration the influence of the collector's dimension leading to optimize the length of the collector. The model implemented numerically using finite-difference technique with mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s per unit area of solar collector and the incident solar radiation equal to 900W/m2. The analysis has been done for a large range of areas. Illustrative results such as the temperatures of the components of the collectors (glass cover, absorber plate, air flowing through the collector and the rear plate), efficiency and useful heat extracted from the collector are graphically presented. The obtained results from both the energetic and economic analysis showed that, for the first type of the flat-plate solar air heating collector, the optimum length is 4.05 meters, moreover, it dawdles its energy collected past for lengths greater than 6 meters. There is no optimum length for the second type, but there is no much energy gain for lengths greater than 6 meters anyhow, the economic analysis showed that the length must be greater than 2.5 meters for both types of collectors.
Surface Modification of SiC Reinforcements & its Effects on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based MMC
Authors: Vanarotti Mohan , Shrishail P. , Sridhar B.R. , Venkateswarlu K. , Kori S.A.
Published: November 2013

Aluminum (A356)-SiC metal matrix composites were fabricated by using liquid metallurgy route. To improve the interfacial bonding between the Al and SiC, an attempt has been made to coat the SiC particles with Ni and Cu. Electroless process was used for coating the reinforced particle. This surface modification due to electroless coating on SiC particles was confirmed with SEM/ EDS analysis. Processing parameters such as melt temperature, stirring speed, stirring time, and preheating temperature were optimized. SiC content in Al-SiC MMC were taken from 5 to 15% and effect of Ni and Cu coating was studied using hardness measurements. Influence of coated SiC particles in Al-SiC showed significant improvement in hardness values. Moreover, micro structural examination clearly demonstrated that Cu coating on SiC particles resulted in good metallurgical boding as compared to SiC particles with Ni coating. As a result, the hardness values of Al-SiC (Cu) exhibited better hardness values as compared to Al-SiC (Ni) MMCs. As expected, high SiC content in types of Al-SiC MMCs showed high hardness values as compared to low SiC content and base alloy. The present investigation suggests that Cu coating on SiC particles are more suitable as compared to Ni coating on SiC particles to synthesis Al-SiC MMCs.
A Novel Edge Detection Algorithm of Color Image
Authors: Song De Rui , Xu Dao Yan , Li Li
Published: November 2013

This paper proposes a novel algorithm of edge detection using LUV color space. Firstly, according to peer group filtering (PGF), a nonlinear algorithm for image smoothing and impulse noise removal in color image is used. Secondly, color image edges in an image are obtained automatically by combining an improved isotropic edge detector and a fast entropy threshold technique. Thirdly, according to color distance between the pixel and its eight neighbor-pixels, color image edges can further be detected. Finally, the experiment demonstrates the outcome of proposed algorithm in color image edge detection.
An Efficient Motion Estimation Algorithm for H.264/AVC
Authors: Zhang Xing Hui
Published: November 2013

The efficient motion estimation algorithms are the important research hotspot in the real-time video coding-decoding technology. This paper proposes a novel and simple fast motion estimation algorithm based on adaptive search-pattern. The new algorithm includes three schemes: stationary block prediction, predictive search for non-stationary blocks, choosing a starting point and adaptive refinement search in merging process. Experiments show that the efficient motion estimation algorithm proposed can further reduce the computations of block-matching while improve the compression effect.
Study on Leaching Zinc Calcine with High Iron
Authors: Yang Jin Lin , Zhang Hong Mei , Su Xiu Juan , Ma Shao Jian
Published: November 2013

In recent years, recovering zinc from zinc calcine with high iron has been a matter of discussion. In this paper, sulfuric acid leaching was carried out to assess the effect of several parameters on zinc and iron extraction in zinc calcine with high iron in which the grade of zinc and iron is 53.90% and 19.38%, respectively. Parameters, such as stirring speed, sulfuric acid concentration, liquid to solid ratio and leaching time, were investigated. The results show that leaching time has done nothing to the leaching rate, but has great influence on leaching efficiency. Liquid to solid ratio and sulfuric acid concentration have significant influence on leaching results, and stirring rate has not obvious influence on leaching results. Under the condition of 120g/L sulfuric acid, 6:1 liquid to solid ratio, 55°C leaching temperature and 120min leaching time, the recovery of zinc and iron is 82.24% and 9.64%, respectively. It is obvious that ZnO in zinc calcine is easy to dissolve in acidity solution, which shown in two aspects: high leaching rate and high leaching speed. ZnO can be dissolved entirely in sufficient sulfuric acid in 10min.
Coal-Based Reduction on Flotation Middling from Iron Ore Containing Carbonate at Donganshan
Authors: Ren Duo Zhen , Zhou Hui Wen , Gao Peng , Han Yue Xin
Published: November 2013

In this paper, coal-based reduction on flotation middling from iron ore containing carbonate at donganshan was studied, during which the effect of reduction temperature, reduction time, C/O mole ratio and feed layer thickness on reduction process were carried out. The results showed that the optimal reduction conditions required a temperature of 1250°C,a duration of 70min, a C/O mole ratio of 2.0 and a feed layer thickness of 25mm, and the iron powder containing 90.27% Fe with iron recovery of 93.36% was obtained after three stages low intensity magnetic separation, which could be used to make steel. According to the chemical analysis, most of the iron minerals were reduced to metallic iron. Coal-based reduction proved to be an alternative and promising process to conduct the fine particles and powders.
Melt Modification and Microstructure Homogeneity of Solidified TiC-TiB2 Composites Prepared by Combustion Synthesis in Ultrahigh Gravity Field
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhao Zhong Min , Zhang Long , Wang Shuan Jie
Published: November 2013

By introducing (CrO3+Al) high-energy thermit into (Ti+B4C) system and designing adiabatic temperature of reactive system as 3000°C,3200°C, 3400°C, 3600°C and 3800°C respectively, a series of solidified TiC-TiB2were prepared by combustion synthesis in ultrahigh gravity field with the acceleration 2000 g. XRD, FESEM and EDS results showed that the solidified TiCTiB2were composed of a number of TiB2primary platelets, irregular TiC secondary grains, and a few of isolated Al2O3inclusions and Cr-based alloy. Because of the enhanced Stokes flow in mixed melt with the increased adiabatic temperature, Al2O3droplets were promoted to float up and separate from TiC-TiB2-Me liquid while constitutional distribution became more and more uniform in TiC-TiB2-Me liquid, resulting in not only the sharply-reduced Al2O3inclusions in the solidified ceramic but also the refined microstructure and the improved homogeneity in the ceramic, and ultrafine-grained microstructure with a average thickness of TiB2platelets smaller than 1μm began to appear in near-full-density ceramic as the adiabatic temperature exceeded 3600°C, so the densification, fracture toughness and flexural strength of the ceramic were enhanced with the increased adiabatic temperature of the reactive system.
Effect of Solid Loading on Properties of All-Ceramic Crown by Gel-Casting Technique
Authors: Zhang Peng , Guan Hong Yu
Published: November 2013

To compare the influence of porosity on bending strength, density, viscosity of slurry of dental zirconia-toughened alumina(Ce-TZP/A) ceramic by gel-casting technique. Ce-TZP/A composite ceramic powder was made from a Al2O3 of micron grade and 3Ce-ZrO2 of nanometer grade, with sintering additives of MgO and TiO2. The slurries of 5(v/v), 52%, 54%, 56% ,58% and 60% were prepared separately, and sintered at 1200°C after in situ molding using gel-casting. The properties such as bending strength, density, viscosity of slurry of specimens were measure and compared. Slurry was prepared with optimum solid content, and applied to form dental CeTZP/A basal crown on the plaster die. The marginal fitness of crowns was observed after sintered. The mean viscosity of slurry (PaS) were: 0.27±0.05, 0.31±0.1, 0.33±0.09, 0.96±0.12, 1.01±0.07, 1.21±0.02. The effect of solid loading (P=0.05) were significant. The mean bending strength (MPa) were: 43.15±0.8, 47.9±1.5, 50.09±1.7, 58.12±1.9, 39.17±1.6, 35.08±1.2. The mean toughness (MPa m^1/2) were: 17.6±0.8, 16.9±0.6, 16.1±0.5, 17.8±0.9, 18.6±0.8, 20.5±0.2. The mean density (g/cm) were: 5.32±0.9, 5.43±0.8, 6.13±0.5, 6.01±0.5, 5.13±0.3, 5.05±0.4. The specimen formed from slurry of 52(v/v) had better properties than that of others solid loading after sintered at 1150º. With the solid loading increased, the viscosity of slurry has a significantly improved.
Influence of the Binder Amount on the Properties of the Non-Sintering Ti(C,N)-Si3N4-SiC Composite Refractories
Authors: Tan Bo , Chen Kai , Huang Zhao Hui , Fang Ming Hao , Liu Yan Gai , Wu Xiao Wen
Published: November 2013

The non-sintering Ti (C,N)-Si3N4-SiC composite refractories were prepared using natural quartz, rutile and silicon carbide particles/powders as the raw materials, phenolic resin and urotropin as a complex binder and silicon powder as the additive. The influence of the binder amount on the density, flexural strength, volume shrinkage and the microstructure of the non-sintering Ti (C,N)-Si3N4-SiC composite refractories was studied in detail. The results showed that the amount of binder has significant effects on the properties of the non-sintering Ti (C,N)-Si3N4-SiC composite refractories. The bulk density decreased and the apparent porosity increased as the amount of binder increased, and the flexural strength increased and then decreased as the amount of binder increased, and the volume shrinkage increased with the increase of the amount of binder. The binder is propitious to the properties of the non-sintering Ti (C,N)-Si3N4-SiC composite refractories, but excessive binder will result in the degradation of properties of the as-fabricated composite refractories, the optimum amount of complex adhesive is 15%.
Electrical Characterization and Microstructures of Bi4-xScxTi3O12 Ceramics Grown by Electroceramic Technique
Authors: Tian Fang , Mei X.A. , Chen M. , Huang C.Q.
Published: November 2013

Sc-doped bismuth titanate (Bi4-xScxTi3O12: BST) and pure Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) ceramics with random orientation were fabricated by a conventional electroceramic technique. These samples had polycrystalline Bi-layered perovskite structure without preferred orientation, and consisted of well developed plate-like grains with random orientation. Sc-doping into BIT caused a large shift of the Curie temperature ( TC ) from 675 °C to lower temperature and a improvement in dielectric property. The experimental results indicated that Sc doping into BIT also result in a remarkable improvement in ferroelectric property. The Pr and the Ec values of the BST ceramic with x=0.75 were 16 μC/cm2 and 85 kV/cm, respectively.
Study on Structure and Properties of Porous Copper Alloy
Authors: Zhong Hao , Zhou Yun
Published: November 2013

CuSn6Zn6 alloy powder and a pore former were used as raw material. Porous bronze was successfully prepared by the sintering and dissolution process (SDP). The porosity is in range of 76%~88%, and the pore size is in range of 0.8~3.3mm. The effect of the porosity and cell sizes of specimens on its mechanical property was investigated, and the effect of sintering temperature on its relative density and porosity was also studied. The experimental results indicate that under the condition of the same pore size, the compressive strength decreases with the increase of porosity, the compressive strength changes from 10Mpa to 2Mpa with the porosity from 76% to 88%; under the same porosity condition, the compressive strength does not change significantly with the pore size, but it has a slightly increasing trend with the decrease of the pore size. The relative density of the specimens increases with the increase of the sintering temperature.
Effecting Factors on Conductivity of EG/VER Conductive Composite
Authors: Zhang Hua Yong , Xu Hua , Guan Cong Sheng
Published: November 2013

Vinyl ester resin (VER) has excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and lower viscosity before curing. In this article low filled conductive composites were fabricated with expanded graphite (EG) and vinyl ester resin (VER). The influences of soaking time, rabbling intensity, the EG content and the coupling agent dosage on the electric conductivity were investigated. The results can provide good reference for the following bipolar plate researches.
Preparation and Properties of Waterborne Side-Chain Fluorinated Polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Ying Qiang , Zhong Chong Zhe , Xu Wei , Wu Zhen , Chen Wen Jun , Zhang Li Hui
Published: November 2013

Waterborne side-chain fluorinated polyurethanes were prepared from fluorine-containing polyether polyol, N210, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as main materials through self-emulsified method. The factors on FWPU, including the particle size and distribution, solid content, the acid and alkali resistant properties of emulsion film, were investigated. The results indicated that the particle size of fluoronated polyurethane dispersion was small, and dispersion had good stability. The emulsion film had better chemical resistant properties.
The Preparation and Performance of Wear-Resistant Coatings
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Ding Yue Ting , Sun Xia , Wang Shu Guang
Published: November 2013

Polymers and their composites are extensively used in commercial applications[.Wearing is one of the forms which makes materials damage and failure, especially the materials by friction, impact, erosion like rocks, minerals etc, the wear caused huge losses. Therefore, high-strength wear-resistant engineering machinery rational use of materials is very important. So chose a method that simple, rapid, low cost, good effect to prevent and repair the parts wear is necessary. In recent years, there has been much interest in particle-reinforced polymers not only because to produce this kind of polymer is cheaper, but also they can be used as high quality engineering materials[2]. In abrasive wear, the low stress also occupied a certain proportion of erosion[. Current polymeric coatings, although corrosion resistant, do not satisfactorily resist wear, but these studies provided many ways to improve the erosion resistance of particle-reinforced polymers[410].
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanocomposite Li4Ti5O12/Carbon Nanotubes as Anode Materials for High-Rate Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Miao Xiao Wei , He Hong Ming , Shi Li Yi , Zhao Xin Luo , Fang Jian Hui
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Nanocomposite Li4Ti5O12/carbon nanotubes (Li4Ti5O12/CNTs) are facilely synthesized by a sol-gel method. The crystal structure and morphology of the nanocomposite Li4Ti5O12/CNTs are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. CNTs play the important role just like a big network connecting the nanoparticles of Li4Ti5O12, which provides a good channel for electronic conductivity and ion transport. Within the cut-off voltage between 1-2.4V, the initial discharge capacity of Li4Ti5O12/CNTs material is 179.6 mAh/g at the rate of 0.1C. The capacity retentions are 95.5% and 90.6% of Li4Ti5O12 with and without CNTs, respectively. At high current density of 10C, Li4Ti5O12/CNTs delivers the initial capacity of 141.5 mAh/g, and without any capacity loss after charge/discharge 100 cycles. The matrix of CNTs plays important roles in increasing the conductivity and avoiding the aggregation of Li4Ti5O12, which lead to high-rate capacity and cycling performance.