bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal foundations for the establishment of Soviet judicial authorities in Western Ukrainian Lands in 1939-1941
Authors: Levyk Y.A.
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to the legal foundations for the establishment of judicial authorities in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR in 1939-1941. It characterizes the overall state of the Soviet judicial system at the time of the occupation of Western Ukrainian lands. This system included both union and republican judicial bodies. In addition to traditional courts, Soviet judicial processes were also carried out by pseudo-judicial bodies (such as «triika» and «dviika»). It is emphasized that under Soviet statehood, the court was not an independent authority of law enforcement but rather a submissive tool of the communist punitive-repressive apparatus.
The article highlights the peculiarities of forming Soviet judicial authorities in the newly annexed regions and their staff. Specifically, regional, people’s (district and city) courts, and the Lviv Railway Line Court were established. Due to the disregard and lack of trust towards the local population, the Soviet occupation authorities actively recruited personnel from other regions of the Ukrainian SSR and even other republics of the USSR to form the judiciary. However, local residents were allowed to hold non-judicial positions. The newly arrived personnel were characterized by complete loyalty to the occupation authorities and had experience in judicial and party work. Along with the courts and their staff, the occupation authorities immediately implemented Soviet legislation into the judicial system and judicial processes in the Western Ukrainian lands.
The article explores the Soviet imitation of judicial democracy in the Western Ukrainian lands. For this purpose, elections of people’s assessors were conducted, which were not free and were fully controlled and directed by the occupation authorities. As a result, the elected people’s assessors from the local population did not positively influence the activities of Soviet courts in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR (in this regard, they did not differ from people’s assessors in other regions). Elections of people’s judges were never conducted in the Western Ukrainian lands during 1939-1941. Instead, they were appointed administratively, contrary to the requirements of the 1938 USSR law.
Restriction of digital human rights in the context of contemporary legal challenges
Authors: Bochkovoy V.A. , Baadzhy N.A.
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to the analysis of a new category of rights, which legal specialists refer to as the fourth generation of rights. This is directly related to the rapid development of new technologies and significant changes in legal relations that have emerged at present, as well as the emergence of new forms of business activities and certain information asymmetry, and the sharp increase in online life, which increasingly requires legal regulation. These factors influence the increase and intensification of challenges for both international and national law. The article analyzes the possible risks associated with the violation of such important values as freedom of expression, justice, and the rule of law, leading to the threat of human rights violations in the information space and the inability to protect them due to the lack of legal certainty and the absence of legal frameworks. Therefore, the author provides certain options for resolving the issue of protecting digital human rights.
The article explores digital human rights and the specifics of their restriction in the context of contemporary legal challenges. Given society’s increasing dependence on information technologies, the protection of digital rights is becoming a crucial aspect of ensuring citizens’ fundamental freedoms. The main international legal documents regulating digital rights, such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, are examined. Special attention is given to the conditions for derogating digital rights during emergencies, particularly in the context of the Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine. The main forms of digital rights violations are analyzed, including Internet access restrictions, censorship, privacy breaches, disinformation, and propaganda. The article emphasizes the necessity of adhering to the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, and temporariness when restricting digital rights to ensure a balance between national security and the preservation of fundamental human rights. An authorial definition of the term “digital rights” is provided.
Peculiarities of lobbying activities at the present stage: international legal dimension
Authors: Lazareva M.
Published: October 2024

The article provides a comprehensive international legal analysis of the peculiarities of lobbying activities at the present stage in the context of the European and Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine and the further need to harmonize its legislation with the existing legal instruments of the EU and the North Atlantic Alliance.
The lobbying activities are found to be characterized by common features being inherent to this phenomenon, regardless of its interpretation. In particular, lobbyism involves the subjects and objects of influence; has certain goals expressed in the protection of certain interests of certain social groups; is based on the use of various methods, technologies and forms of lobbying activities.
Within the framework of legal orders that provide for legislative regulation of lobbying activities (in the US and at the EU level), both individuals and corporate structures (the so-called ‘pressure groups’) are considered lobbyists which are divided into domestic and foreign agents. The existing goals of lobbying activities mostly cover the private interests of a particular person or a group of persons but lobbyists may also represent public interests, while pursuing socially useful goals.
These lobbying goals can be achieved through the use of various forms and methods of lobbying activities. In Ukraine, all three forms of lobbying activities are used, i.e. direct, indirect and internal lobbyism. However, only some aspects related to indirect lobbying should be regulated by law.
Depending on the effectiveness of pressure put on the authorities, there are strong and soft lobbying methods. However, threats, blackmail and other types of pressure associated with clearly illegal actions cannot be considered lobbying methods in the legal sense of this term.
Therefore, the international legal doctrine proposes various classifications of forms, methods and varieties of lobbyism introduced to identify the specific and distinctive features of lobbying depending on certain conditions of the state and social development. Therefore, a full-fledged study of lobbying activities in Ukraine is only possible when the proper scientific attention is paid to the specifics of lobbying practices implemented by professional lobbyists both in the US and in the EU Member States.
Control in international law: an analysis of the main approaches
Authors: Lysyk V.M. , Shperun H.V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the institute of control in international law as one of the elements for attributing the behaviour of a separatist entity or other anti-governmental organisation to the state in the process of bringing the latter to international legal responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, primarily massive human rights violations. The author emphasises the growing importance of the issue of control in the context of modern armed conflicts, where ‘proxy’ forces are increasingly used, acting formally independently but in fact controlled by states. This raises new challenges for international law, especially in the area of human rights protection, including during armed conflicts, and State responsibility.
The article examines the provisions of some international instruments relating to the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, and in particular those provisions which provide for attribution of conduct of individuals or groups of individuals acting ‘at the direction’, or ‘under the direction’, or ‘under the control’ of the State.
The article discusses three main concepts of control, namely: strict control, effective control and general control. The authors analyse in detail the history of the emergence and development of each concept, as well as explain the main differences between them, and reveal their strengths and weaknesses. It is argued that strict control requires complete dependence of the organisation on the state, while effective control allows for autonomy of the organisation, but requires a certain influence of the state on its actions. Overall control emphasises the importance of structured interaction between the state and the group.
The authors provide examples of the application of these concepts in the practice of international justice bodies, including the International Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, highlighting the difference in approaches to assessing control and responsibility of states. These examples demonstrate the difficulty of proving a certain level of control, which affects the resolution of disputes in international courts.
The doctrinal basis of research on human rights protection systems in international and national Islamic (Muslim) law
Authors: Mamedov Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article carries out a systematic and critical analysis of doctrinal sources of existing systems of human rights protection in international and national Islamic (Muslim) law. The scientific approaches of Ukrainian and foreign international lawyers, researchers of comparative jurisprudence regarding the nature and essential characteristics of Muslim law, Islamic law, relevant legal systems and legal families of the modern world are singled out. Although there is considerable scientific interest in the issues of human rights protection in international law, national legislation of Ukraine and law enforcement practice, not enough attention is paid to the systems, mechanisms, subjects of human rights protection in Islamic (Muslim) law. In the existing studies, the emphasis is mainly on the general theoretical, historical and comparative legal features of the development of Islamic law, the Muslim legal family, but there are practically no scientific studies on the specifics of the protection of human rights and freedoms in certain areas, the implementation of international universal and regional standards on human rights in national legislation of Islamic (Muslim) states, guarantees and mechanisms for the protection of human rights and freedoms, judicial practice.
The effects of such processes as globalization and regionalization, integration, as well as the interaction of existing legal systems at different levels turned out to be regular. The influence of European legal traditions, the experience of reforming national and supranational scales in the field of human rights protection in the European region, which was reflected in both the international legal doctrine and the legal doctrine of the studied states, the modernization of political and legal views, in particular regarding the revision of the elements modern and traditional, effective and dogmatic in the direction of protecting the rights of women and children, expanding the forms of international human rights cooperation etc. It is important to draw attention to the regional systems of human rights protection in international and national Islamic (Muslim) law, to consider the issue of their identity and effectiveness, their relationship with other international regional and universal, supranational systems.
The absoluteness of state sovereignty in the ideas of thinkers of the Sixteenth – Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Melnychenko V.
Published: October 2024

The article highlights the issue of classification of the concepts of state sovereignty, which is of key importance in ensuring peaceful and equal coexistence of states. It has been established that the most expedient is the classification of ideas about state sovereignty precisely at the stage of its formation and formation in the political life of European states in the late Middle Ages and Modern Age according to the criterion of its absoluteness and relativity. It is found that even given the widespread prevalence of these competing ideas, unity on the main provisions of each of them has not been achieved.
Based on the idea of the possibility of limiting the state’s sovereignty, which has long been very popular, it was found that representatives of the scientific community within the period under study were divided according to this criterion into: supporters of the concept of absolute sovereignty, who denied any possibility of limiting sovereignty, considering it unacceptable; supporters of the concept of absolute sovereignty, who allowed certain restrictions; supporters of the concept of relative sovereignty, who declared certain restrictions on sovereignty; supporters of the concept of relative sovereignty, who stated the existence of the possibility of transferring part of sovereignty to interstate entities.
In general, the essence of the idea of absolute sovereignty is seen in the unlimited or almost unlimited power of the sovereign, who is not responsible for his or her actions. It is stated that such ideas are the basis for the interpretation of the content of sovereignty by authoritarian and totalitarian states. At the same time, the evidence that the category of sovereignty is viewed through the prism of democracy is the promotion of the ideas of the European space unity, consolidation of the concepts of external and internal limitations of the state, which emphasizes the readiness of states to sacrifice for the common good - peaceful coexistence on the basis of equality, justice and humanism.
Thus, this classification helps to establish the historical foundations of different interpretations of the content of sovereignty by the states of competing legal systems and allows to form a conceptual framework for the idea of state sovereignty at the stage of its approval in the international legal system.
Legal mechanisms for compensation for damage to victims of military conflict in Ukraine
Authors: Shramko S.
Published: October 2024

The article is aimed at highlighting the issue of existing ways of compensation for victims of military conflict. It is stated that international law requires violating States to take appropriate measures to compensate for the damage caused directly by their actions or by the actions of persons acting on their orders. The author establishes that the beneficiaries of reparation for violations of IHL are the persons who have been victims or suffered as a result of such violations, namely: civilians, prisoners of war, family members and relatives of victims, and the State. The author provides options for filing claims for compensation for damage caused as a result of war: appeals to national courts, courts of foreign countries, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Court of Justice, investment arbitration, specially created funds or commissions. It is emphasised that currently there is no universal mechanism for compensation for damage caused by Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine. However, the most realistic mechanism for Ukraine is the established international compensation mechanism, which aims to compensate for damage and losses caused by the Russian Federation and provides for the possibility of compensation for various types of losses - from destruction and damage to property to damage due to loss of control over property.
It is concluded that: the importance of compensation is significant, especially in the context of IHL, as people who have been victims of armed conflict face long-term consequences affecting their health, earning potential and overall stability of life; an important element of reparation and one of the guarantees of its implementation in practice is the collection and documentation of a high-quality evidence base of the damage caused both in civil and criminal proceedings; the main indicator for choosing a particular mechanism of reparation is its effectiveness.
Analysis of the Syncookied defence system against DDOS-attacks using elements of game theory
Authors: Klimenkova A.S.
Published: October 2024

In the article a software application that implements the game-theoretic “defender-intruder” model against thr DDoS- attacks onbasis of the Syncookied system is described. The application allows you to choose the optimal protection strategy. The Nash equilibrium is studied, whichrepresents the best strategy for each player.
Comic assertion: contensive types
Authors: Karasik Vladimir Ilyich
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with comic assertion treated as humorous or ironic commentary fixing the discordance between present and normal states of reality. Five types of such assertion are singled out based on the thematic criterion of the commentary: (1) imperfection of the world, (2) imperfection of human nature, (3) strange funny circumstances, (4) absurd evidence, (5) funny novelty of behavior. Commentaries about imperfection of the world reflect the position of sceptics who critically assess the reality and do it in an ironic mode. Comic commentaries about human nature comprise a wide range of situations exposing stupidity, bragging, laziness, rigidity of world-view and various types of inconsistency. Funny strange circumstances characterize the behavior of people who live in exotic places. Absurd evidence is shown in incompatible contamination of behavioral scripts, and funny novelty of common actions covers new patterns of behavior which contradicts usual traditional norms. Typical means of expression of comic assertion include the combination of high and low styles, ludic allusions and allegoric statements.
Functioning of expressive vocabulary in Internet comments
Authors: Guts Elena Nikolaevna , Miller Victoria Alexandrovna
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by several factors: the dynamic processes in modern Russian language, in particular, changes in its vocabulary due to the borrowings, the interest of modern linguistics in studying the discursive components of Internet communication, need for research of Internet genres and analysis of linguistic features of given speech formation. The purpose of the article is to determine and introduce the features of expressive vocabulary functioning in the Internet comments posted on the VKontakte social network. The subject of the study is the expressive vocabulary used by the Internet users to characterize a person. The empirical material was obtained as a result of monitoring the comments left by the subscribers under the posts. The study was carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the data on the stylistic marking of the expressive vocabulary were obtained. It was found that most of the words under study are non-codified language units - slang and substandard language. The study discusses the nature of emotional evaluation as a property of expressive language units and features of their functioning in evaluative and imperative speech genres. At the second stage of the study, a survey was conducted among high school students. Respondents demonstrated knowledge of lexical meaning of expressives, and admitted using these words in speech. At the third stage of the study, a group interview based on focus group method was conducted. The respondents revealed opposite points of view on the use of expressive vocabulary in speech, in particular in the Internet communication. It was found that such factors as the communicative goal, intentions of the speaker, as well as the interpersonal relationships of the communicants affect the functions of the vocabulary under study. It is concluded that the use of socio- and psycholinguistic methods makes it possible to study the expressive vocabulary in the active lexicon of a native speaker, as well as observe dynamic processes taking place in the Internet communication.
Communicative assessment strategy in terms of singing and sports entertaining TV-shows: influence of TV-format
Authors: Gerasimova Anastasia Sergeevna , Sereda Elena Alexandrovna
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the issues of strategic planning of the utterance in the aspect of public dialogue communication. It shows the tactical variety of the communicative assessment strategy on the example of the assessment utterances of the jury members in terms of the vocal and sports entertaining TV-shows. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the main tactics of the assessment strategy within the selected entertaining TV-shows, taking into the account specific features of each TV project format. The material of the study includes TV-shows “Two Stars. Fathers and Sons” (Dve Zvezdy. Ottsy i Deti) and “Ice Age” (Lednikovyi Period) broadcasted on “Channel One” (Pervyi Kanal) in Russia in 2022-2023. The study uses general methods of description, interpretation, comparison and classification of theoretical and practical material as well as the methods of communicative-discursive and structural-semantic analysis. To highlight the specific features of each TV project format a brief overview of the existing definitions of the terms “genre” and “format” is proposed, as well as the description of the typical characteristics of each media journalistic phenomenon is provided. The analysis of the assessment utterances selected from the project “Two stars. Fathers and Sons” shows that the main tactics used by the jury are the tactics of “admiration”, “self-presentation”, and “compliment”. As for the communicative tools used in the project “Ice Age”, the main tactics revealed become the tactics of “compliment”, “self-presentation”, “admiration”, “praise”, “criticism”, “consolation”, and “self-justification”. The results of the research prove that the format specific features directly affect the tactical arsenal of the assessment utterances of the jury members despite the influence of the common factors usual to all entertaining TV-shows (genre, public communication, image of the jury member, double addressee).
The concept of anomaly zone in media discourse: a case of representation of the paranormal
Authors: van Haaske Leionis Aanris
Published: October 2024

The author addresses the introduction of paranormal phenomena in the media. Relying on the studies of H. Irvin, C. French and A. Stone who claim that modern media are one of the most effective reinterators of paranormal ideas, the author considers the construction of paranormal phenomenon in the media. Using the example of the "anomaly zone", the author traces the main descriptive models and ways of representing the "anomaly zone" and the discourse associated with them. The author draws attention to the fact that all media descriptions of the "anomaly zone" actually repeat the aspects highlighted by him, supplementing and embellishing the actual picture in different ways. The author also notes such a feature of the paranormal media discourse as the tendency to use unverified data and sources as evidence and appeal to marginal parascientific fields (such as paralinguistics). Relying on the actual data, the author demonstrates the constructed nature of the paranormal phenomenon under consideration. Starting from research in the field of psychology, the author gives an explanation of the media background that has developed around the "anomaly zone" in question. Despite the narrowness of the paranormal discourse, the methods used by the author can be to a certain extent universal and applicable to a wide field of media research.
Strange" Schellingian arabesque by I.S. Turgenev: codes of the literary text of the story "Ghosts"
Authors: Misyurov Nikolay Nikolaevich
Published: October 2024

The object of research is the novel "Ghosts" (1864), which refers to the "strange" creations of I.S. Turgenev, which is underestimated by researchers of his work. The goal is to reveal the genre nature of "arabesque", which is different from the realistic works of the writer, which combined the pages of an intimate diary and romantic "dreams". The facts are summarized, allowing us to assert that the meaning of the story went beyond the limits of "pure art": the writer's work on the text, his doubts were in the center of public attention, publishers and editors of Russian magazines appreciated communicative "message". Much in the story relates to the problems of public discourse: about the meaning of world history, about the future of Russia, the "vital" philosophy, the "beautiful" and "truth of life" in art, questions of love. The publication of the story became a significant event in the literary life. The ideological design and certain "markers" of the literary text are studied in historical, literary and socio-cultural context, in the communicative aspect. The totality of the problems of "decoding" of the work suggests an interdisciplinary approach to the textual tasks of research. Observations on the text allow us to conclude that the philosophical and aesthetic basis of the story is the Schellingian romantic doctrine, which turns the literary work into counter-belief of poetics dominant in literature and literary criticism of the 1860s and 1880s, based on the philosophy and psychology of positivism.
Colloquial studies at St. Petersburg University: past, present and future (on the 300th anniversary of Alma Mater)
Authors: Bogdanova-Beglarian Natalia Viktorovna
Published: October 2024

This article is rather an essay than a scholarly paper, it deals with the memories of how colloquial studies in linguistics started at St. Petersburg University, where the author happened to be a part of them, and reflections on the development and current state of colloquial language. The purpose for writing the essay was the upcoming 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg University in 2024.
On the anniversary of the scholar. Language and the world in T.B. Radbil's research
Authors: Busareva Sabina Gadir-kyzy
Published: October 2024

The publication briefly describes T.B. Radbil's research activity and the results of his long term research in the theory of linguistic anomaly, logical analysis of language, linguistic conceptualization of the world, creative linguistics, active processes in modern Russian language and methodology of forensic linguistic expertise.
POLITICAL ARTICULATION OF GUS MUS’ ASCETICISM IN STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF NU AS A MORAL FORCE IN NATIONAL POLITICS
Authors: Khoiron Khoiron , Anadza Hirshi , M Abdul Wahid
Published: October 2024

This study reveals the practice of articulation of ascetic politics carried out by Gus Mus amidst the strong democratic regime that dictated the process of contestation of power at the NU Congress in 2015 in Jombang. The practice of articulation of asceticism is political, because he always changes his identity. As a subject, Gus Mus often changes positions, such as a kiai and a cultural figure. This position is called the subject position. This study explores the creation of a new identity in contemporary politics using Laclau’s articulation theory within a post-structuralist case study research design. Therefore, the main argument in this study is that through the political articulation of asceticism, Gus Mus’ political reasoning transcends the Laswellian mainstream political reasoning. This study uses a qualitative method, with two methods in data collection, namely interview and documentation methods. The informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques, and data analysis used discourse analysis which was completely within the theoretical frame used by the researcher. This study does not only shift from a positivist paradigm to a post-positivism research, but from a focus on thoughts to a focus on the discourse articulated by Gus Mus from the perspective of actors from both the NU 2015 Congress committee and the NU elite in Jombang, and from here, the novelty in this study. In this study, the political practice of asceticism articulated by Gus Mus was found in: a). Discourse in the articulation of intellectualism, b). Modesty, c). Beyond practical politics, and d). Consistency in cultural politics. From here, “new political ethics” is relevant and vital as an alternative political thought for recent political actors.
La sustentabilidad y el desempeño
Authors: Cohen Natalia Lorena , Werbin Eliana Mariela , Quadro Martín Ernesto
Published: October 2024

El desempeño de una organización en relación con la sociedad en la que opera y su impacto sobre el medio ambiente se ha convertido en una parte crítica al medir su desempeño integral. En parte, esto es reflejo del creciente reconocimiento de la necesidad de asegurar ecosistemas saludables, equidad social y buena gobernanza. Es por ello que se les exige cada vez más a las organizaciones que transparenten sus acciones y publiquen sus políticas y actividades de responsabilidad social.
La justificación de la estrategia sustentable parte del hecho de tener recursos naturales limitados, que puede provocar problemas económicos, ecológicos y sociales por la demanda de ellos.
El presente artículo tiene por objetivo comprender y analizar la sustentabilidad como estrategia corporativa. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos publicados en revistas científicas de alto impacto.
Contar con una estrategia sólida y visible de “Responsabilidad Social” brinda a las organizaciones una ventaja para diferenciarse de los competidores y atraer a los consumidores que prefieren a compañías comprometidas con el bienestar social y ambiental. Es un compromiso continuo arraigado a la cultura corporativa que convoca a una participación amplia de parte de los colaboradores y usuarios interesados.
Metaphorical Representation of the Posthuman in Mary E. Pearson’s Novel “The Adoration of Jenna Fox”
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lapudeva Tatyana
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to the representation of the posthuman in Mary E. Pearson’s novel The Adoration of Jenna Fox through the lens of conceptual metaphors. Drawing on the conceptual metaphor theory developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, it analyses how metaphors are used to reveal and develop the image of the protagonist from whose point of view the novel is written. The article shows that conceptual metaphors help to reveal human traits in the narrative subject’s thinking and thus raises anew the question of what it means to be human. The article is of interest to those engaged in research on contemporary young adult literature, in particular the genre of science fiction and dystopia, as well as the functioning of metaphor in language and especially in works of fiction.
Priorities of the Tajik Edition of “Lughati Furs” by Asadi Tusi from Iranian Publications
Authors:   State Institution “Kamol Khujandi Scientific Center”, Qodirova Firuza
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the significance and priority of “Lughati Furs” by Asadi Tusi published in Tajikistan, which was proofread by lexicographer Nurullo Ghiyasov. At the beginning, the content of the preface is considered, and then the corrected text of the dictionary, notes and comments of the proofreader are directly analyzed, and at the end, it is noted that all the achievements of this edition have scientific value in the field of textology, lexicography and historical literature.
Evaluation of early and systematic ultrasound examination to determine postoperative dehiscence after small intestinal surgery (114 cases in dogs and cats)
Authors: Rafael Paul , Soulé Carole , Sériot Paul , Gibert Sophie , Blond Laurent , Baudin-Tréhiou Clément , Dunié-Mérigot Antoine , Griffeuille Emilien
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of early ultrasound diagnosis for postsurgical bowel dehiscence and find the most reliable ultrasound criteria for dehiscence identification. Additionally, to determine the impact of early ultrasound detection of leakage in terms of survival and duration of hospitalization. Finally, to assess the need for systematized screening or checkup of the population at risk of dehiscence only.

ANIMALS

31 cats and 83 dogs.

METHODS

A retrospective, records-based study was performed on 83 dogs and 31 cats (114 total) undergoing small intestinal surgery. Epidemiologic data, clinical signs, surgical procedures, pre- and postoperative ultrasound findings at 48 to 96 hours, hospitalization duration, complications, and general outcomes were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify ultrasound findings associated with dehiscence.

RESULTS

Dehiscence was suspected by ultrasound for 0 of 31 cats and 7 of 83 dogs (2 of 49 for enterotomy and 5 of 34 for enterectomy). Every suspected dehiscence was confirmed during revision surgery except one enterectomy revision, which was declined by the owner. Neither this case nor those without ultrasound evidence of dehiscence developed clinical signs of intestinal leakage. Direct visibility of wall discontinuity, presence of gas bubbles, and liquid in vicinity of the intestinal surgical site were statistically associated with early dehiscence. Survival rate after the second surgery was 83%. Median hospitalization time after the second surgery for dehiscence was 2 days (minimum, 2 days; maximum, 4 days).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Postoperative ultrasound examination between 48 and 96 hours after intestinal surgery allows early and sensitive detection of intestinal dehiscence. Survival rate after revision surgery was significantly higher than that associated with septic peritonitis.
Colonic torsion and volvulus in dogs is associated with a low mortality rate and good long-term outcome
Authors: Park Clair S. , Lugardo Josue E. , Mans Colleen E. , Williams Rachel W. , Zuendt Gregory F.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To describe clinical findings, complications, and short- and long-term outcomes associated with colonic torsion and volvulus in dogs.

ANIMALS

28 client-owned dogs.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Multi-institutional, retrospective study. Medical records were searched for dogs of any age, body weight, sex, and breed that underwent surgery for colonic torsion and volvulus. Collected data included signalment, previous history, preoperative findings, time until surgery, intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, survival to discharge, and outcomes.

RESULTS

28 dogs were included. Thirteen of 28 dogs (46.4%) had preexisting gastrointestinal conditions. Nine of 28 dogs (32.1%) had a gastropexy performed prior to presentation. Ten dogs (35.7%) were found to have a resolution of colonic torsion and volvulus at the time of the surgery. All but 1 dog (27 of 28 [96.4%]) survived to discharge. Two dogs died during the postoperative period, yielding a mortality rate of 7.1%. Postoperative complications were noted in 9 dogs (9 of 28 [32.1%]). Long-term follow-up information was available in 16 of 28 dogs (57%). Among 16 dogs with at least 6 months’ follow-up, all dogs (16 of 16 [100%]) were alive at 6 months postoperatively. Two dogs developed mesenteric torsion after the initial surgery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Dogs with colonic torsion and volvulus undergoing surgery can have an excellent survival-to-discharge ratio with a low mortality rate. Surgeons should not be prompted to euthanize or assume a guarded prognosis solely on the basis of the intraoperative appearance of the bowel and should consider all factors prior to making decisions. Owners should be informed of the risk of developing further torsional diseases after surgery.
S-Adenosylmethionine Inhibits the Proliferation of Retinoblastoma Cell Y79, Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Y79 Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt2/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Liu Mushi , Mobet Youchaou , Shen Hong
Published: October 2024

Retinoblastoma is one of the most common primary intraocular malignancies in young children. Traditional treatment methods such as chemotherapy often come with significant adverse effects, such as hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and vision loss. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a novel therapeutic drug that is both effective and safe. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a natural compound known to exhibit anti-proliferative effects in various cancer cell lines. However, to date, no studies investigated the effects of SAM on retinoblastoma cells and its potential mechanisms of action. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of SAM on retinoblastoma cells and explore its possible mechanisms of action, with the hope of providing new insights into the treatment of this disease. The optimal concentration of SAM was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The effect of SAM on retinoblastoma proliferation was assessed using the 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine cell proliferation assay. Y79 cells were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin stain and electron microscopy to observe any morphological changes induced by SAM. The stages of SAM’s action on the retinoblastoma cell cycle and its apoptotic effects were measured using flow cytometry. The apoptotic effect of SAM on retinoblastoma was further confirmed using the TUNEL assay. Differential expression of related genes was detected through RT-PCR. In vivo subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice and immunohistochemistry were employed to validate the effect of SAM on retinoblastoma-related phenotypes. Western blotting was conducted to investigate whether SAM modulated retinoblastoma-related phenotypes via the Wnt2/β-catenin pathway. SAM arrested the cell cycle of retinoblastoma at the G1 phase, induced apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through the Wnt2/β-catenin pathway, and affected their morphology and even ultrastructure. In addition, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that SAM had an oncogenic effect on retinoblastoma. In this study, we verify in vitro and in vivo whether SAM inhibits the proliferation of retinoblastoma cell Y7, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of Y79 cells by inhibiting the Wnt2/β-catenin pathway, and affects the morphology and structure of retinoblastoma cell Y79.
Development Strategy of Dermal and Transdermal Formulation: Synergistic Effect of Chemical Penetration Enhancers
Authors: Špaglová M. , Žigrayová D. , Krchňák D.
Published: October 2024

The skin is an attractive site for direct administration of drugs due to its easy access and patient compliance. The strategy in the development of a dermal pharmaceutical and a cosmetic product lies in a selection of suitable excipients capable of delivering the drug or active pharmaceutical ingredient at the site of its action. The key moment is overcoming the least permeable skin layer stratum corneum. Chemical penetration enhancers facilitate drug diffusion and accelerate drug delivery through the Stratum corneum, possibly in combination with hydration of the skin or increasing temperature. The paper summarises basic information about the most common chemical enhancers and the studies investigating the synergistic action of suitable combinations of chemical enhancers, which may also include microemulsions.
In vitro modulation of seizure-like activity with beta-cyclodextrin-complexed rufinamide
Authors: Kiss Rita-Judit , Nagy Zsolt András , Szentes Ádám , Csüdör Ágnes , Máthé Andrea , Makó Henrietta , Bomher Előd , Berki Ádám József , Gáll Zsolt , Szilágyi Tibor , Orbán-Kis Károly
Published: October 2024

Objective

The global health concern of pharmacoresistant epilepsy necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Drug resistance often arises due to complex pharmacokinetic challenges. Beta-cyclodextrin, known for enhancing drug solubility and stability, offers a potential solution for improving the efficacy of antiseizure medications. This study aims to investigate the impact of beta-cyclodextrin-complexed rufinamide on seizure-like activity using an in vitro model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods

Seizure-like neuronal activity was induced using a low-magnesium model. Local field potentials were recorded from transverse rat hippocampal slices. Rufinamide was solubilized using beta-cyclodextrin and administered at 100 micromolar concentration. The impact on various seizure-like parameters and time-resolved phase-amplitude coupling was assessed.

Results

Rufinamide increased the duration of the preictal phase while reducing the duration of ictal and postictal phases. The frequency of seizure-like events was higher in rufinamide. No significant change was observed in the firing rate of the first 10 ictal spikes, but the firing frequency of the second set of 10 ictal spikes was higher during rufinamide perfusion. Time-resolved phase-amplitude coupling maximum analysis did not reveal significant differences between the control and rufinamide treatment.

Conclusions

Beta-cyclodextrin-solubilized rufinamide significantly modulates seizure-like event dynamics, exhibiting both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects. While the compound shortened seizure-like activity, it increased the frequency of seizure-like events. Our observations suggest a need for further investigation into the solubilization method and its impact on rufinamide’s bioavailability. Dose-dependent effects and underlying molecular mechanisms should also be explored to enhance the pharmacological properties of antiseizure medications.
Knowledge System Synergy Mechanism of Innovative Entrepreneurial Teams in Universities
Authors: Ma Shaohui
Published: October 2024

The study divides the knowledge system of university students’ innovation and entrepreneurship teams into the main system, resource system, operation system, environment system, and exchange system, constructs the synergistic mechanism model of each subsystem, and accelerates the generation of innovation results. Then, from the perspective of the knowledge ecosystem and social network, an innovation team of University M is selected as the research object to analyze the characteristics of the synergistic network of the knowledge system of the team, to find out the cohesive subgroups, structural holes, edge points, and isolation points in the network, and to validate them by using the social network analysis method. The overall network analysis yielded that the overall network centrality potential of this innovation and entrepreneurship team was 25.52%, the connection between members was not strong, the team was loose, and the knowledge-sharing activities were not active. Individual net analysis reveals that active participants in knowledge synergy activities, whether spreading knowledge or learning knowledge, play an important role in sharing knowledge within the team but can be overly dependent. The analysis of this study will help to discover the characteristics of knowledge synergy behavior of innovation and entrepreneurship teams and the factors affecting the synergy behavior, which can be used as an objective basis for improving the synergy behavior of team knowledge systems.
Particle Batik: Digitalize Traditional Batik through the Particle-driven System
Authors: Feng Qiao , Tang Xin , Song Qichao
Published: October 2024

With the deepening of cultural digitization in recent years, researchers have begun to explore the use of digitization to promote the innovation of traditional culture, trying to seek new paths for the promotion and revitalization of conventional culture under new visions, new disciplines, and new technologies. Based on the development history and current situation of Batik in Malaysia and Indonesia, this paper takes Malaysian Batik works as an example. It develops a Batik particle engine-generated painting system-”Particle Batik.” This system is innovative because it ensures that every particle is accurately set up according to the color samples and position of the Batik works during the creation process. When the search engine loads the next Batik artwork, all the particles will be resampled and generated according to the newly loaded artwork, and the trajectories of the particles and their resulting line traces will be continuously superimposed and fused on the canvas, thus forming a dynamic generative artwork evolving. The Particle Batik system enhances the multidimensional expressiveness of Batik, significantly contributing to the global dissemination and cultural value of Batik art. The system successfully integrates traditional handicrafts and modern digital technology and facilitates the mutual exchange and symbiotic development between traditional culture and modern art forms. Promoting the integration and exchange of Batik culture globally allows it to adapt and integrate more closely with contemporary society and culture.
Improvement path of singing skills under the influence of cross-cultural communication in vocal music education
Authors: Deng Hui
Published: October 2024

Colleges and universities are not rich enough in initiatives on singing skills influenced by intercultural communication and need to further improve their relevance. This paper uses structural equation modeling to explore the influence of singing skills on vocal education. Initially, it outlines the significance of cross-cultural communication for vocal education in colleges and universities and summarizes the factors that influence cross-cultural communication. After selecting the survey respondents, the questionnaire questions are designed, the survey is collected with research data, and the results of the survey are examined for reliability and validity. The research hypothesis is proposed, and the structural equation modeling task is completed using both the measurement model and the structural model together. Combined with the data collected in the previous section, vocal singing that integrates cross-cultural concepts is empirically analyzed. The data show that the Spearman correlation coefficients of language, music theory, music skills, comprehension, interpretation, and cultural background with the effect of vocal singing skill enhancement are 0.632 (0.016), 0.203 (0.008), 0.651 (0.027), 0.637 (0.008), 0.246 (0.048), 0.588 (0.046), all of which are significantly correlated below 0.05. Among the six influencing factors, the structural path coefficient between musical skill and vocal singing skill improvement effect is 0.376, which has the greatest influence on vocal singing skill improvement. Through a quantitative analysis of vocal singing that integrates the concept of intercultural communication, this study provides a clearer understanding of how singing skills can be enhanced under the influence of intercultural communication.