bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability analysis of Sukun durian plant (Durio zibethinus) based on RAPD marker
Authors: RUWAIDA ISMI PUJI , SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI , PARJANTO PARJANTO
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Ruwaida IP, Supriyadi, Parjanto. 2009. Variability analysis of Sukun durian plant (Durio zibethinus) based on RAPD marker. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 84-91. The purpose of the study is to assess the diversity of the durian varieties of Sukun, Sunan, Kani, Monthong, and Petruk; and Sukun durian variety is grown in different regions based on RAPD markers. Materials research is durian leaves of Sukun, Sunan, Kani, Monthong and Petruk from Ranukutri Garden Seeds, Karanganyar, and also Sukun durian leaf from Gempolan Karanganyar, Jepara and Salatiga. Then performed DNA analysis on samples of leaves that began the isolation of DNA, test of DNA quantity and quality, primer selection, and amplification with PCR. Visualization of PCR performed by electrophoresis using EtBr that generate DNA bands. DNA bands were then analyzed with NTSYS program to get durian diversity among varieties of durian and between Sukun durian at different planting areas. Six RAPD polymorphic primer was used, namely OPA-01, OPA-02, OPA-07, OPA-16, OPA-18, and OPA-19. Banding pattern of DNA amplification show the existence of diversity among varieties of Sukun durian, Sunan, Kani, Monthong and Petruk and show the diversity of Sukun durian grown in different areas. Dendrogram indicated that five durian varieties tend to segregate, whereas Sukun, Sunan, Monthong, and Petruk in one group, which split with Kani. Dendrogram also indicated that Sukun planted in different regions resulted in two groups, Sukun from Gempolan Karanganyar and Salatiga in one group, while the second group consisted of Sukun from Ranukutri seed garden Karanganyar and Jepara.

generate DNA bands. DNA bands were then analyzed with NTSYS program to get durian diversity among varieties of durian andÂ between Sukun durian at different planting areas. Six RAPD polymorphic primer was used, namely OPA-01, OPA-02, OPA-07, OPA16,Â OPA-18, andÂ OPA-19. BandingÂ pattern ofÂ DNAÂ amplification show theÂ existenceÂ ofÂ diversityÂ amongÂ varietiesÂ ofÂ Sukun durian, Sunan, Kani, Monthong and Petruk and show the diversity of Sukun durian grown in different areas. Dendrogram indicated that five durian varieties tend to segregate, whereas Sukun, Sunan, Monthong and Petruk in one group, which split with Kani. Dendrogram also indicated that Sukun planted in different regions resulted in two groups, Sukun from Gempolan Karanganyar and Salatiga in one group, while the second group consisted of Sukun from Ranukutri seed garden Karanganyar and Jepara.
Traditionally utilization of Selaginella; field research and literature review
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Setyawan AD. 2009. Traditionally utilization of Selaginella; field research and literature review. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 146-158. The aims of this research were to find out traditional usage of Selaginella in medication and its other usages, especially in Java and other Indonesian Archipelago. About 200 of 700-750 world species of Selaginella was found in Indonesian Archipelago. Field research and literature review indicated that Selaginella is used traditionally to heal wound, bloody stools, internal hemorrhoid bleeding, menstrual and uterine disorder, blood expediting, enhancing body endurance and longevity of live, headache, etc. Besides that, some of Selaginella are also used as raw dishes vegetable, ornamental pants, and crafts materials. The utilization of Selaginella is very limited against the amount of species and medicinal potency, it is needed an advance study on ethnobotany and phytochemistry to improve their uses.
A habitat selection model for Javan deer (Rusa timorensis) in Wanagama I Forest, Yogyakarta
Authors: PURNOMO DANANG WAHYU
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Purnomo DW. 2010. A Habitat selection model for Javan deer (Rusa timorensis) in Wanagama I Forest, Yogyakarta. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 84-89.  Wanagama I Forest is the natural breeding habitat of Javan deer (Rusa timorensis de Blainville, 1822). Habitat changes had affected Timor's resource selection and caused the deer to move from undisturbed areas to developed areas with agriculture and human settlements. We suspected that the degradation of natural habitat caused this shift. The research aimed to identify factors that might influence future habitat selection. Habitat selection was analyzed by comparing proportions of sites actually used to sites that we considered available to use. The results of a logistic regression of site categories showed there are three habitat variables that influence resource selection:  sum of tree species (expß=1.305), slope (expß=1.061), and distance to a water source (expß=1.002). The three variables influence the deer existing in a certain site of Wanagama Forest and arrange resource selection probability function (RSPF).
Review: Biodiversity conservation strategy in a native perspective; case study of shifting cultivation at the Dayaks of Kalimantan
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Setyawan AD. 2010. Biodiversity conservation strategy in a native perspective; case study of shifting cultivation at the Dayaks of Kalimantan. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 97-108. Native tribes generally are original conservationists; they build genuine conservation strategy of natural resources and environment for sustainable living. Dayak is a native tribe of Kalimantan that has been living for thousands of years; they use shifting cultivation to manage the communal forest lands due to Kalimantan’s poor soil of minerals and nutrients, where the presence of phosphorus becomes a limiting factor for crops cultivation. In tropical forests, phosphorus mostly stored in the trees, so to remove it, the forest burning is carried out. Nutrients released into the soil can be used for upland rice (gogo) cultivation, until depleted; after that, cultivators need to open a forest, while the old land was abandoned (fallow) until it becomes forest again (for 20-25 years). The consecutive land clearing causes the formation of mosaics land with different succession ages and diverse biodiversity. This process is often combined with agroforestry systems (multicultural forest gardens), where the will-be-abandoned fields are planted with a variety of useful trees that can be integrated in forest ecosystems, especially rubber and fruits. These systems of shifting cultivation are often blamed as the main factor of forest degradation and fires, but in the last 300 years, this system has little impact on forest degradation. But, this is relatively low in productivity and subsistent, so it is not suitable for the modern agriculture which demands high productivity and measurable, mass and continuous yield, as well as related to the market. The increased population and industrial development of forestry, plantation, mining, etc. make the communal forest become narrower, so the fallow periods are shortened (5-15 years) and the lands are degraded into grasslands. In the future, shifting cultivation remains one of the Dayaks option to meet the needs of rice, but agroforestry should be developed because of its higher economic value.
Serum lipid profile and retinol in rats fed micronutrient rich edible vegetable oil blend
Authors: KHAN HAMID NAWAZ , FAROOQI HUMAIRA , ALI SHAKIR , KHAN JAFAR S.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Khan HN, Farooqi H, Ali S, Khan JS. 2010. Serum lipid profile and retinol in rats fed micronutrient-rich edible vegetable oil blend. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 109-116. The animal rats were given 10% oil mixed in fat-free diet for one month or six months. In the experiment, the groups of rats were fed with the micronutrient (MN) rich blends mixed previously with 1% cholesterol, and their effects were tested on serum lipid profile. Most significant changes in the High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were observed in one-month study where HDL increased from 24 mg/dl in group to 64 mg/dl in the Mustard palm olein oil blend (MP); in mustard oil (MO) alone fed rats, the HDL was 36 mg/dl. Serum retinol was analyzed as one of the important MN in rats receiving the diet mixed with the blend for various duration of time. The results assume great significance as MO or palm olein oil (PO) alone could not bring the maximum beneficial effects, and the blends appear to have more merit as healthy oils in alleviating adverse health condition such as coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, obesity, and hypertension.
Histological study of SlNPV infection on body weight and peritrophic membrane damage of Spodoptera litura larvae
Authors: SANJAYA YAYAN , MACHMUDIN DADANG , KURNIAWATI NANIN DIAH
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Sanjaya Y, Machmudin D, Kurniawati ND. 2010. Histological study of SlNPV infection on body weight and peritrophic membrane damage of Spodoptera litura larvae. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 135-140. The effect of SlNPV infection on body weight and peritrophic membrane damage of Spodoptera litura Fab. larvae has been carried out. The method was used Probit analysis, and based on LD 50 the virus was infected to know body weight and post-infection damage.The damage of histological structure caused by SlNPV (0, 315, 390, 465, 540 dan 615 PIB/mL) was investigated after 0, 12, 24, 72 and 96 hours post infection. The histological material was prepared by using paraffin method after fixation with Bouin Solution, then slice into 7 um and colored with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The result showed that the exposure SlNPV cause decreasing food consumption especially on 540 PIB/mL give average rate as amount of 0.1675 mg. The descriptive observation on structural intact of peritrophic membrane histology caused by SlNPV infection shows a tendency to decrease, while in control, there was no damage at all. The longer the exposition of virion in the midgut lumen the more damage on peritrophic membrane occurred. The severest damage occurred 96 hours after infection. The result proves that haNPV virion can destroy histological structure of midgut.
Diversity of secondary metabolites from Genus Artocarpus (Moraceae)
Authors: HAKIM ALIEFMAN
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Hakim A. 2010. The diversity of secondary metabolites from Genus Artocarpus (Moraceae). Nusantara Bioscience 2:146-156. Several species of the Artocarpus genus (Moraceae) have been investigated their natural product. The secondary metabolites successfully being isolated from Artocarpus genus consist of terpenoid, flavonoids, stilbenoid, arylbenzofuran, neolignan, and adduct Diels-Alder. Flavonoid group represents the compound which is the most found from Artocarpus plant. The flavonoids compound which is successfully isolated from Artocarpus plant consists of the varied frameworks like chalcone, flavanone, flavan-3-ol, simple flavone, prenylflavone, oxepinoflavone, pyranoflavone, dihydrobenzoxanthone, furanodihydrobenzoxanthone, pyranodihydrobenzoxanthone, quinonoxanthone, cyclopentenoxanthone, xanthonolide, dihydroxanthone.
Microanatomy alteration of gills and kidneys in freshwater mussel (Anodonta woodiana) due to cadmium exposure
Authors: FITRIAWAN FUAD , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SUNARTO SUNARTO
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Fitriawan F, Sutarno, Sunarto. 2011. Microanatomy alteration of gills and kidneys in freshwater mussel (Anodonta woodiana) due to cadmium exposure. Nusantara Bioscience 3: 28-35. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Cd accumulation in the gills and kidneys, to know the changes in microanatomic structure of A. woodiana after the various treatments of heavy metals. Completely randomized design pattern of 5 x 3 as used in this laboratory experiment. The amount of exposure of heavy metals Cd was (0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm), while the variation of length of exposure time to Cd were (7 days, 14 days, and 30 days). The parameters of Cd accumulation in the gills and kidney was analyzed by using AAS method, while abnormalities of gills and kidney were detected by microanatomy structure. Data collected were then analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with further test the DMRT. The results indicated that there is a significant effect in 475.3 > 0.000 and 60150.3 >0.000 with 5% significance level (P<0.05) of Cd treatment on gill and kidney microanatomy of A. woodiana. The changes in microanatomy structure of those organs are including edema, hyperplasia, fusion of lamella, necrosis, and atrophy.
Review: Natural products from Genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae)
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Setyawan AD. 2011. Natural products from Genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae). Nusantara Bioscience 3: 44-58. Selaginella is a potent medicinal-stuff, which contains diverse of natural products such as alkaloid, phenolic (flavonoid), and terpenoid. This species is traditionally used to cure several diseases, especially for wound, after childbirth, and menstrual disorder. Biflavonoid, a dimeric form of flavonoids, is the most valuable natural products of Selaginella, which constituted at least 13 compounds, namely amentoflavone, 2',8''-biapigenin, delicaflavone, ginkgetin, heveaflavone, hinokiflavone, isocryptomerin, kayaflavone, ochnaflavone, podocarpusflavone A, robustaflavone, sumaflavone, and taiwaniaflavone. Ecologically, plants use biflavonoid to response environmental condition such as defense against pests, diseases, herbivory, and competitions; while human medically use biflavonoid especially for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic. Selaginella also contains valuable disaccharide, namely trehalose that has long been known for protecting from desiccation and allows surviving severe environmental stress. The compound has very prospected as molecular stabilizer in the industries based bioresources.
A biogenic approach for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Foeniculum vulgare and its activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: BONDE SHITAL
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Bonde S. 2011. A biogenic approach for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Foeniculum vulgare and its activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nusantara Bioscience 3: 59-63. We report green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel, saunf). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was detected by changing color from green to brown after treatment with AgNO3 (1mM) and the UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis showed the absorbance peak at about 427 nm, which indicates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Nanoparticle Tracking and Analysis (NTA) by LM-20 was used for multi-parameter analysis, allowing for characterization of particle size and particle distribution of silver nanoparticles synthesized from extract of F. vulgare. NTA revealed the polydispersed nanoparticles in the range of 18-83 nm. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC-39403). The silver nanoparticles also demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against two human pathogenic bacteria when used in combination with commercially available antibiotics. The bactericidal activity of the standard antibiotics was significantly enhanced in presence of silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria, viz. E. coli-JM-103 (ATCC-39403) and S. aureus (ATCC-25923). Silver nanoparticles in combination with vancomycin showed maximum activity against E. coli (increase in fold area 5.76. and followed by S. aureus (1.08) and Gentamicin showed the maximum activity S. aureus (2.6) while E. coli (0.96). The approach of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles using F. vulgare appears to be cost-efficient, eco-friendly and easy alternative to conventional methods of synthesis.
Corals differential susceptibilities to bleaching along the Red Sea Coast, Egypt
Authors: AMMAR MOHAMMED S. A. , OBUID-ALLAH AHMED HAMED , AL-HAMMADY MONTASER A. M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Ammar MSA, Obuid-Allah AH, Al-Hammady MAM. 2011. Corals differential susceptibilities to bleaching along the Red Sea Coast, Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 3: 73-81. Coral bleaching was studied at four sites in four widely geographically separated areas. Three of these sites are subjected to different human activities and the fourth one is considered as a control site. Data were collected by using SCUBA diving, and the line transects method. A total of 3940 coral colonies, representing 62 species in 21genera and 10 families, were recorded on transects on the reefs of four studied sites.20.11% of all corals were affected by bleaching: 5.4% were moderately affected; 2.7% severely affected and 12.007% were dead. Overall, there were differences in the proportion of colonies affected by bleaching between the studied sites. Ras El-Behar, the site impacted by petroleum oil, has the maximum average proportion of moderately, severely bleached and dead colonies. While, the lowest average proportions of severely bleached colonies and dead colonies were found at Kalawy bay. Surprisingly, coral reef taxa at El-Hamraween harbor showed high resistance to bleaching probably because of having a new different clade of Symbiodinium which can withstand seawater temperature. Species with highest susceptibilities to bleaching in areas of oil pollution, increased sedimentation and heavy load of phosphate is Stylophora pistillata, Acropora granulosa, and Montipora meandrina, respectively while species with lowest susceptibilities are Fungia fungites, Alveopora daedalea and Millepora dichotoma, respectively.
Development of an efficient protocol for genomic DNA extraction from mango (Mangifera indica)
Authors: MAJUMDER DILRUBA ASHRAFUN N. , HASSAN LUTFUL , RAHIM MOHAMMAD A. , KABIR MOHAMMAD A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Majumder DAN, Hassan L, Rahim MA, Kabir MA. 2011. Development of an efficient protocol for genomic DNA extraction from mango (Mangifera indica). Nusantara Bioscience 3: 105-111. A simple and efficient method for genomic DNA extraction from woody fruit crops containing high polysaccharide levels has been described here. In the present study, three kinds of plant DNA extraction protocols were studied and the target was to establish the water-saturated ether (WSE) with 1.25 M NaCl method as the most efficient protocol for removing the highly concentrated polysaccharides from genomic DNA of woody fruit crops. This method involves the modified CTAB or SDS procedure employing a purification step to remove polysaccharides using the WSE method. Precipitation with an equal volume of isopropanol caused a DNA pellet to form. After being washed with 70% ethyl alcohol, the pellet became easily dissolved in TE buffer. Using these three methods, DNA was extracted from samples of 60 mango genotypes, including young, mature, old, frosted old and withered old leaves. Compared with the three studied DNA extraction protocols of mango, it was found that the WSE method with NaCl had the highest value of average percentage (85.44%) in DNA content of the mango genotypes. The average yield of DNA ranged from 5.05 µg/µL to11.28 µg/µL. DNA was suitable for PCR and RAPD analyses and long-term storage for further use.
Biological screening of selected traditional medicinal plants species utilized by local people of Manokwari, West Papua Province
Authors: LENSE OBED
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Lense O. 2011. Biological screening of selected traditional medicinal plants species utilized by local people of Manokwari, West Papua Province. Nusantara Bioscience 3: 145-150. The aim of the research was to determine the presence of alkaloids and anti-microbial activity in extracts from selected medicinal plants from Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia. The method of alkaloid testing followed the standard phytochemical methods. The procedure of the Calibrated Dichotomous Sensitivity (CDS) test was used for the antimicrobial bioassays. Results of biological screening suggested that all but one of the 56 species tested contained different levels of alkaloids. Eleven species showed anti-microbial activity using bioassays of responses to two bacteria, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and two fungi Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans; none of the plant extracts showed an antimicrobial effect against the bacteria Escherichia coli. Extract of Planconella sp. was the most active one as it showed activity against three different organisms (C. albicans, C. neoformans, and S. typhi).
Physiological effect of some antioxidant polyphenols on sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plants
Authors: EL-MOURSI ABDALLA , TALAAT IMAN , BALBAA LAILA KAMAL
Published: July 2014

Abstract. El-Moursi A, Talaat IM, Balbaa LK. 2012. Physiological effect of some antioxidant polyphenols on sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plants. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 11-15. Two pot experiments were conducted in the screen of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt to study the physiological effect of foliar application of some antioxidant polyphenols on growth and chemical constituents of sweet marjoram plants (Majorana hortensis L.). Plants were treated with curcuminoids, cinnamic acid and salicylic acid, each at 5 and 10 mg/L except the control plants. The results indicate that foliar application of curcuminoids increased growth parameters under study. Total sugars were also increased as a result of foliar application of curcuminoids. On the other hand, oil %, oil yield, and nitrogen % were decreased as a result of curcuminoids treatments. Cinnamic acid at 5 mg/L resulted in the tallest plants in most cases. Application of cinnamic acid at 10 mg/L significantly increased oil % and total oil yield/plant. Sugar content followed the same trend. Treatment of sweet marjoram plants with salicylic acid significantly increased oil % and oil yield, especially in plants treated with 10 mg/L SA. Total sugars % and total nitrogen % followed the same trend. The main constituents of the plant essential oil were also markedly affected.
Phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles by using aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata
Authors: SABLE NEILESH , GAIKWAD SWAPNIL , BONDE SHITAL , GADE ANIKET , RAI MAHENDRA
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Sable N, Gaikwad S, Bonde S, Gade A, Rai M. 2012. Phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles by using aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 45-49. In the context of current drive to developed new green technology in nanomaterials, synthesis of nanoparticles is of considerable importance. There has been considerable work done in the field of nanoscience and Nanotechnology during the last decade due to the introduction of various protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles by using plants and microorganisms. Here we firstly report the extracellular photosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata. The characterization of the phytosynthesized Ag-NPs was done with the help of UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Zeta potential and SEM. The SEM micrograph revealed the synthesis of polydispersed spherical nanoparticles, with an average size of 65.55 nm. The phytofabricated Ag-NPs can be used in the field of medicine and agriculture, due to their antimicrobial potential.
Tagetes erecta mediated phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: an eco-friendly approach
Authors: DHULDHAJ UMESH P. , DESHMUKH SHIVAJI D. , GADE ANIKET K , YASHPAL MADHU , RAI MAHENDRA K.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Dhuldhaj UP, Deshmukh SD, Gade AK, Yashpal M, Rai MK. 2012. Tagetes erecta mediated phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: an eco-friendly approach. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 109-112. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field having applications in various fields like medicine, pharmacy, engineering, and biotechnology. An important step in nanotechnology is to develop simple and eco-friendly method for the nanomaterial synthesis. Here we describe simple and eco-friendly method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles by extract of Tagetes erecta plant leaves. The phytosynthesis (synthesis by plant) of silver nanoparticles was detected by color change from light-green to dark-brown. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, further characterization includes nanoparticle tracking analysis system (NTA) (LM20) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis confirms the synthesis of the polydispersed spherical silver nanoparticles of 20-50 nm, with an average size of 30 nm.
Macro-fungal diversity and nutrient content of some edible mushrooms of Nagaland, India
Authors: KUMAR RAJESH , TAPWAL ASHWANI , PANDEY SHAILESH , BORAH RAJIB KUMAR , BORAH DEVAPOD , BORGOHAIN JAYASREE
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Kumar R, Tapwal A, Pandey S, Borah RK, Borah DP, Borgohain J. 2013. Macro-fungal diversity and nutrient content of some edible mushrooms of Nagaland, India. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 1-7. The northeast region of India abounds in forest wealth, including variety of flora and fauna. The high humidity during monsoon period provides ideal atmospheric conditions for the growth of diverse group of macrofungal fruit bodies. Nagaland, the northeastern state of India is rich in biodiversity and encompasses large numbers of edible and non-edible mushroom species. Young and matured carpophores of 15 wild edible mushroom species were collected from 12 locations in different districts of Nagaland. Out of these four species belongs to family Agaricaceae, two belongs to Tricholomataceae and rest belongs to Boletaceae, Cantharellaceae, Russulaceae, Sarcoscyphaceae, Auriculariaceae, Polyporaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Pleurotaceae, and Lyophyllaceae. The selected species were analyzed for proximate analysis of nutritional values. The protein content varies from 22.50-44.93% and carbohydrates were recorded 32.43-52.07% in selected species. The documentation of wild edible mushrooms is very scanty in Northeast India. The key objective of the present study was to generate a database on macrofungal diversity, ecology, ethnomycology, utilization and nutrient status of important wild edible mushroom species of Nagaland, which forms a part of the food culture of the native peoples.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on morphological and biochemical traits of some Apiaceae crops under arid region conditions in Egypt
Authors: KHALID KHALID ALI
Published: July 2014

Khalid KA. 2013. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on morphological and biochemical traits of some Apiaceae crops under arid region conditions in Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 15-21. Arid regions in Egypt are characterized by poor nutrients content and unfavorable environmental conditions which negatively affect growth and productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants including anise, coriander and sweet fennel. So the main objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of different levels of N, namely 0 (control), 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 used as ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO] (20% N), on selected morphological and biochemical characteristics of anise, coriander and sweet fennel plants cultivated under arid regions conditions during two successive seasons. The most effective dose of nitrogen was 200 kg ha-14 of N, resulting in a positive increase in vegetative growth characters and content of essential oil, fixed oil, total carbohydrates, soluble sugars, protein and nutrients (NPK).
Study of altitude and selection on fiber biometry properties of Fagus orientalis Lipsky
Authors: ZOGHI ZOHREH , AZADFAR DAVOUD , KHAZAEIAN ALI
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Zoghi Z, Azadfar D, Khazaeian A. 2013. Study of altitude and selection on fiber biometry properties of Fagus orientalis Lipsky. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 30-34. This research reports to the influence of altitude above sea level and selection on fiber biometry of beech wood (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). In this research, six trees in 550 MASL (three plus trees and three non-plus trees) and six trees in 850 MASL (three plus trees and three non-plus trees) were selected. One sample from each tree was gotten with increment borer at breast height. Fiber characteristics such as fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen width, and two wall thicknesses were measured in Franklin method. Slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio and rankle ratio were estimated. The results showed that the altitude had a significant effect on fiber length, lumen width, wall thickness, and biometry coefficients. Tree quality has a significant effect on fiber length, lumen width, and wall thicknesses and biometry coefficients. Fiber length, lumen width, slenderness ratio and flexibility ratio in plus trees were more than non-plus tree.
Experimental effect of temperature and sedimentation on bleaching of the two Red Sea corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis
Authors: AMMAR MOHAMMED S.A. , OBUID-ALLAH AHMED H. , AL-HAMMADY MONTASER A.M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Ammar MSA, Obuid-Allah AH, Al-Hammady MAM. 2013. Experimental effect of temperature and sedimentation on bleaching of the two Red Sea corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 75-85. At 26°C (the control sample), the loss of zooxanthellae by each of the two studied corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis was very low. Cell viability of the two studied corals was similar at 26 and 29°C, but depicted a sharp decline of zooxanthellae lost at 31°C through time. As the temperature increased to 35°C, the loss of zooxanthellae from each host increased both with time and temperature elevation. The coral A. humilis had a higher decrease in its zooxanthellae densities than S. pistillata at the same treatment. Bleaching temperature threshold was 33°C or less for the two species S. pistillata and A. humilis where 51% of their zooxanthellae were lost after 24 h of exposure. In samples exposed to sediment concentration of 0.1 mg/cm2/L, zooxanthellae densities of A. humilis and S. pistillata did not show any decrease after 1 day. However, after 1 days of exposure to 0.5 mg/cm2/L, zooxanthellae densities were significantly different from those of the controls. Increases in sediment concentration to 1 mg/cm2/L caused a decrease in zooxanthellae densities that vary greatly over time. Measurements of zooxanthellae densities of A. humilis and S. pistillata at this stage revealed a highly significant difference between exposed and control sample. At 1 g/cm2/L, the number of zooxanthellae lost from A. humilis was higher than those lost from S. pistillata at same time. It is suggested that, the normal sedimentation rate for A. humilis and S. pistillata to be in an order of 1 mg/cm2/L or less.
Effect of fungicides and bioagents on number of microorganisms in soil and yield of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: MISHRA GAURAV , KUMAR NARENDRA , GIRI KRISHNA , PANDEY SHAILESH , KUMAR RAJESH
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Mishra G, Kumar N, Giri K, Pandey S, Kumar R. 2014. Effect of fungicides and bioagents on number of microorganisms in soil and yield of soybean (Glycine max). Nusantara Bioscience 6: 45-48. In field experiments, the effect of selected fungicides and bioagents on number of soil microorganisms and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) was investigated. The results showed that some of the crop protections preparations applied in the experiment (as seed dressing) increased the populations of the examined microorganisms after the harvest of crops. Maximum counts of bacteria were recorded with Thiamethoxam at 3 g kg-1 while Pseudomonas at 3 g kg-1 showed the highest population of fungi, Actinomycetes, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, PSB and Pseudomonas. The highest straw and grain yields of 3241.6 and 1439.4 kg ha-1, respectively, were recorded with Pseudomonas at 3 g kg-1.
Review: Mangrove hybrid of Rhizophora and its parentals pecies in Indo-Malayan region
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , ULUMUDDIN YAYA IHYA , RAGAVAN PANDISAMY
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Ulumuddin YI, Ragavan P. 2014. Mangrove hybrid of Rhizophora and its parental species in Indo-Malayan region. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 69-81. There was two putative hybrid species of mangrove in the Indo-Malayan region, namely Rhizophora x annamalayana Kathir. and R. x lamarckii Montrouz. Rhizophora x annamalayana is most recently known as a natural hybrid between R. apiculata and R. mucronata. At first, this plant is considered as R. x lamarckii, a well-known mangrove hybrid between R. apiculata and R. stylosa. Since R. stylosa is not distributed in India and Sri Lanka, the location where this species was first discovered, the name of the new hybrid species between R. apiculata and R. mucronata was corrected. Meanwhile, R. x lamarckii has long been known and is always found in habitat where its parents grew. Besides, the cross-breeding of R. mucronata and R. stylosa has never been reported. Both are sibling species that have identical morphological characteristics, thus the hybrid cross-bred species was not observed visually and can only be distinguished through genetic studies.
Journalist in Africa: A high-risk profession under threat
Authors: Frère Marie-Soleil
Published: July 2014

Every year, several international organizations monitoring press freedom worldwide issue reports in which they underline the occupational hazards faced by journalists while reporting. Some African countries, such as Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia or Equatorial Guinea, have been regularly pinpointed at the bottom of these annual rankings. A few others (Cap Vert, Namibia, Niger, Ghana, South Africa) are crawling among the top 50 countries in the world. How do the indicators used by those organizations reveal a specific understanding of the professional practices and of the risks associated with it? Are they relevant to the reality of the daily practice of journalism on the African continent? Has this image led to particular measures aimed at preventing or self-regulating potential abuses in view of the risks incurred? Are there other ‘high-risk’ areas of the professional practice that these indicators fail to cover, and why? Starting from a reflection on the criteria used internationally to assess press freedom, and on the ‘risks’ associated with the profession, this article tries to show that the threats upon media professionals on the African continent are much more complex than those rankings and their indicators would suggest.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal umbilical cord teratoma
Authors: Demir Bilge Cetinkaya , Topal Naile Bolca , Güneş Esra Şahin , Yazıcı Zeynep , Yalçınkaya Ulviye
Published: July 2014

Umbilical cord teratomas are rare tumoral lesions of umbilical cord which have challenging antenatal diagnosis. The cord teratomas contain tissue from all three germ layers and have both cystic and solid components. This ultrasonographic appearance may help the clinician to clarify the correct diagnosis. We report a case of cord teratoma diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Since cord teratomas may lead to adverse fetal outcomes, close follow-up of the fetus is recommended.
Thromboelastography as a part of management of amniotic fluid embolism
Authors: Helviz Yigal , Einav Sharon , Hersch Moshe , Shapiro Henry , Ioscovich Alexander
Published: July 2014

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an obstetrical catastrophe characterized by acute hypotension, hypoxia, and coagulopathy occurring during labor, cesarean section, post-delivery, or during amniocentesis. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a bedside test of global homeostasis and has seldom been used to study coagulation in AFE despite increasing popularity in other diseases. We report TEG usage as part of a treatment for patients with AFE.
Solid State Transformer Interface Based on Multilevel Inverter for Fuel Cell Power Generation and Management
Authors: Banaei M. R. , Salary E.
Published: July 2014

This paper concentrates on the solid state transformer that can be used in fuel cell systems. To distribute the power between fuel cells and load or grid, the new solid state transformer has been developed. The proposed solid state transformer uses high-frequency transformer to increase input voltage and one special multilevel inverter with five switches in basic units. In fact, this multilevel inverter synthesizes a desired output AC voltage from DC voltage sources with a high number of levels associated with a low number of switches and gate driver circuits for switches. Simulation results are given to show the overall system performance including AC voltage generation, hybrid power generation and active power control.
Phytonutrients as therapeutic agents
Authors: Gupta Charu , Prakash Dhan
Published: July 2014

Nutrients present in various foods plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the human body. The major nutrients present in foods include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Besides these, there are some bioactive food components known as “phytonutrients” that play an important role in human health. They have tremendous impact on the health care system and may provide medical health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of disease and various physiological disorders. Phytonutrients play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy as they possess no side effects that are usually associated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. They are also comparatively cheap and thus significantly reduce health care cost. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols, terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, anthocyanins, ω-3 fatty acids, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-spasmodic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, hypotensive, diabetes, osteoporosis, CNS stimulant, analgesic, protection from UVB-induced carcinogenesis, immuno-modulator, and carminative. This mini-review attempts to summarize the major important types of phytonutrients and their role in promoting human health and as therapeutic agents along with the current market trend and commercialization.
Immigration Reform and Education: Demystifying Mythologies about Latina/o Students
Authors: Martinez James , Unterreiner Ann , Aragon Antonette , Kellerman Phillip
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the authors deconstruct commonly held mythologies about immigration to inform the critical discourse and support those educators who strive to be fair brokers of an inclusive educational system addressing the distinct needs of immigrant students. We (teacher educators and a community organizer) emphasize and clarify verifiable information that in fact refutes seven prevalent mythologies often articulated in the public debate. In our observations and experiences, this misinformation impacts decisions and fosters biases about Latina/o immigrants in the educational field, particularly impacting students from Mexico and Latin American countries. By debunking misinformation, we seek to inform a thoughtful discourse as advocates engaged to positively influence how these students are viewed by educators. This paper highlights evidence needed to advance the learning and educational success of Latina/o students. The hope of the authors is for a more thoughtful recognition of the immigrant student plight in the face of a nationally politicized and criminalized immigration stance.
Development and fabrication of cement reinforced polypropylene composite material spur gear
Authors: Sardar Jagannath , Bandopadhya Dibakar
Published: July 2014

A new type of polymeric composite material spur gear was developed and fabricated using low cost Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) particles as filler into the polypropylene (PP) matrix. PP granules were mixed with PPC particles and an injection-molding process was followed to manufacture the thermoplastic composite gear. Several experiments were conducted with different percentages of PPC particles with the PP to optimize the gear material (cement filled poly-propylene composite) for fabrication. Tensile tests were conducted and the morphological studies of the fractured surface of the gear materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission SEM (FE-SEM). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was carried out and viscoelastic properties of the gear materials were studied with varying temperature. Further, extensive experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of the gear tooth under loading conditions. The experimental results validate the suitability of the proposed non-metallic spur gear for low cost industrial applications.
Optogenetic studies of nicotinic contributions to cholinergic signaling in the central nervous system
Authors: Jiang Li , López-Hernández Gretchen Y. , Lederman James , Talmage David A. , Role Lorna W.
Published: July 2014

Molecular manipulations and targeted pharmacological studies provide a compelling picture of which nicotinic receptor subtypes are where in the central nervous system (CNS) and what happens if one activates or deletes them. However, understanding the physiological contribution of nicotinic receptors to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) signaling in the CNS has proven a more difficult problem to solve. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the literature on the use of optogenetic approaches to control the excitability of cholinergic neurons and to examine the role of CNS nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). As is often the case, this relatively new technology has answered some questions and raised others. Overall, we believe that optogenetic manipulation of cholinergic excitability in combination with some rigorous pharmacology will ultimately advance our understanding of the many functions of nAChRs in the brain.
A new method for preparation of low melting point polyamide-6 (LPA6) and properties of compatibilized blends of LPA6/glass beads/styrene and maleic anhydride copolymer
Authors: Zhang Min , Lu Shengjun , Xu Enhui , He Min , Yu Jie
Published: July 2014

Composites of low melting polyamide-6 (LPA6)/glass beads/styrene, and maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) were prepared by melt extrusion in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. This is a completely new method for the preparation of LPA6, compared with traditional copolymerization, ultra-fine grinding, and solution grafting. The effect of the SMA concentration on the structures and properties of the composites was systematically investigated. This work deals with the combination of both components, which are the effects of the complex reaction on the structures and properties of LPA6, as well as the enhanced mechanical behavior in an analogous reactively compatibilized ternary system. The results show that the complexation reaction has an important effect on the crystallization behavior of nylon6, and the presence of SMA could significantly improve the interfacial compatibility of the glass beads and PA6 matrix. Moreover, the Vicat softening temperature, notched impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the blends are significantly increased. A slight decrease of the crystallinity and crystallization temperature of the mixture was observed.
Synthesis and characterization of cyclo-tetrakis(μ-oxo-dimethylaminoethanolato-κN:κO)tetrakis(iodozinc) toluene solvate and Bis(dimethylaminoethanol)cadmium(II)iodide
Authors: Alam Naveed , Shahid Muhammad , Mazhar Muhammad , Rauf Muhammad Khawar , Molloy Kieran C. , Gill Rohama
Published: July 2014

Two new metal(II) complexes formulated as [ZnI(dmae)]4·2(C7H8) 1 and CdI2(Hdmae)2
2 have been synthesized by using N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, a N,O donor ligand and characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in tetragonal I4(1)/a space group with μ
2–O bridge between zinc atoms. The zinc atom is four coordinated with Zn–O 1.9315(13) and 1.9606(14) Å. The complex 2 is mononuclear with distorted octahedral geometry around the Cd(II) and contains two bidentate chelating Hdmae ligands and two iodine atoms, with Cd–O and Cd–N distances of 2.498(2) and 2.400(2) Å, respectively, and the weak O–H···I hydrogen bonds like interactions link the molecules to generate a 1D supramolecular structure.
A Thermodynamic Approach to Kinetics of Reactions
Authors: Arato Elisabetta , Morro Angelo
Published: July 2014

The paper deals with a reacting fluid mixture. The balance equations
are stated both in the Lagrangian and in the Eulerian description. The
entropy principle is stated in terms of the entropy growths of the
single constituents rather than by the classical entropy transport
equation. Next the thermodynamic restrictions on the constitutive
functions are derived by assuming that the partial pressures,
entropies and internal energies are functions of the temperature and
the pertinent mass density. As a consequence, the rate of reaction is
shown to be proportional to the chemical affinity via a non-linear
function of pressure, temperature, and mass fractions. The chemical
affinity is then shown to be the derivative of the Gibbs free energy
with respect to the reaction coordinate if the free energy density is
in the standard form of a function of temperature and pressure while
such is not the case if the model is adopted for a mixture of perfect
gases.
The Thermodynamic Estimation and Viscosity, Electrical Conductivity Characteristics of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Qingguo , Li Meichao , Zhang Xinyuan , Wu Xuanyu
Published: July 2014

A series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate
[C
n
mim][SCN] (n = 2–5) ionic liquids (ILs) with
low dynamic viscosity were synthesized by a two-step method and
characterized by IR and 1H  NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical
properties of the ILs such as density, surface tension, dynamic
viscosity, and electrical conductivity were measured. The significant
thermodynamic parameters of the ILs such as molecular volume, standard
molar entropy, lattice energy, parachor, interstice parameters, and
thermal expansion coefficient were estimated according to
semi-empirical/empirical methods. Subsequently, the viscosity and
electrical conductivity characteristics of the
[C2–5mim][SCN] were described by the
Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman (VFT) equation. The results showed that the VFT
equation was a proper fit for the ILs. Moreover, the transport
properties of ILs were discussed based on the Walden rule and the
relationships between molar conductivities and dynamic viscosities
were evaluated.
Deep Sea Microbes Probed by Incoherent Neutron Scattering Under High Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Peters Judith , Martinez Nicolas , Michoud Grégoire , Cario Anaïs , Franzetti Bruno , Oger Philippe , Jebbar Mohamed
Published: July 2014

The majority of the biosphere is a high pressure environment. Around
70% of the marine biosphere lies at depths below
1000 m, i.e. at pressures of 100 bars or
higher. To survive in these environments, deep-biosphere organisms
have adapted to life at high pressure. In vitro studies showed that
the activity of certain proteins originating from deep-sea organisms
is less affected by high pressure than that of enzymes from surface
organisms . However, the genetic and structural bases for
this increased pressure resistance are still unknown. Elastic
incoherent neutron scattering studies, which provide access to
information about molecular dynamics, constitute a very promising
approach to decipher the structural adaptation in proteins living
under high pressure. This approach has been used in the past to
investigate the adaptation of biological systems to temperature and
salinity and proved to be essential and complementary to structural
studies. Here first investigations of high pressure effects on cell
dynamics are presented using Thermococcales as models.