bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reassembling and generating cultural networks
Authors: Suárez Juan-Luis
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a research agenda to study cultural networks that assumes their role both in making meaning and as adaptative tools for humans and their communities. First, the agenda grounds the study of cultural networks in Whitehead’s (1861–1947) metaphysics of process, posing that cultural networks emerge during human’s production of relations with the world of phenomena. Then, the paper identifies two approaches to studying cultural networks, reassembling them or generating them. Thirdly, it contextualizes the importance of understanding cultural networks vis a vis the consolidation of the digital humanities in the academic domain, and the productivity of networks as tools to explore the cultural in networked domains of human experience. The final remarks locate the proposed research agenda within the context of multidisciplinary research on cultural analytics.
Telecoaching of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis After Inpatient Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation: The Danish MS Hospitals Rehabilitation Study
Authors: Nørgaard Michael , Boesen Finn , Skjerbæk Anders Guldhammer , Jensen Ellen , Hansen Jeanne , Rasmussen Peter Vestergaard , Petersen Thor , Trénel Philipp
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Inpatient rehabilitation improves health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the obtained improvements decline once people return home. The challenge is to find ways to preserve the beneficial effects for the long term. We investigated whether monthly telecoaching after discharge would enhance the long-term carryover of improvements.

METHODS:

We conducted a 1-year exploratory study with 2 delivery methods: telephone coaching and web-based coaching. After discharge, the telephone group received monthly calls; the web-based group responded to monthly online coaching questions. Based on their rehabilitation goals, we put patients into a neuropsychological group or a physical group. In addition, we matched each patient with similar wait-list control patients and treatment patients from the main study. The primary outcome was HRQOL measured by the Functional Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS).

RESULTS:

The neuropsychological group had long-term preservation of HRQOL with both delivery methods, with telephone coaching seeming to be superior. Mean differences in FAMS at the 12-month median follow-up for the neuropsychological group compared with the control wait-list control group were for the telephone group: + 15.4 (95% CI, 3.5-27.4; P = .011); for the web-based group: + 10.9 (95% CI, −3.3 to 25.2; P = .130); for the control treatment group: + 6.9 (95% CI, 0.6-13.3; P = .031). The physical group saw no beneficial effects from telecoaching.

CONCLUSIONS:

Following inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation, monthly telecoaching of individuals with MS with neuropsychological challenges enhanced the long-term carryover of HRQOL, with one-on-one telephone coaching showing more pronounced improvements than web-based automated coaching.
Expression and drought functional analysis of one circRNA PecircCDPK from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
Authors: Li Yiqian , Xia Wen , Li Ying , Li Xueping
Published: September 2024

Drought stress can affect the growth of bamboo. Circle RNAs (CircRNAs) have been found to play a role in drought stress in plants, but their function in moso bamboo is not well understood. In previous studies, we observed that under drought stress, the expression of some circRNAs were altered and predicted to be involved in calcium-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation, as indicated by KEGG enrichment analysis. In this study, we cloned a circRNA called PecircCDPK in moso bamboo that is responsive to drought stress. To further investigate its function, we constructed an overexpression vector using flanking intron sequences supplemented by reverse complementary sequences. When this vector was transferred to Arabidopsis plants, we observed that the roots of the transgenic lines were more developed, the water loss rate decreased, the stomata became smaller, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased under drought stress. These findings suggest that overexpression of PecircCDPK can enhance the drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana, providing valuable insights for the breeding of moso bamboo with improved resistance to drought.
Validity and reliability of the Sustainable HEalthy Diet (SHED) index by comparison with EAT-Lancet diet, Mediterranean diet in Turkish adults
Authors: Aksoy Canyolu Burcu , Martini Daniela , Şen Nilüfer
Published: September 2024

Background

Food consumption and diet are strongly associated with sustainability. The Sustainable HEalthy Diet index was developed to measure the nutritional, environmental, and sociocultural components of sustainable diets and healthy eating patterns. However, a methodological approach has yet to be proposed for Turkish adults. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the SHED index in Turkish adults.

Methods

Data were collected from 558 healthy adults using a web-based questionnaire. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and repeatability was evaluated using the test-retest method. Construct validity was investigated using the EAT-Lancet diet and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the adapted SHED index structures’ accordance was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

Good reliability and repeatability were found (r = 0.758 and 0.795, respectively). A higher SHED index score was related to a greater intake of grains, fruits, and vegetables and a lower intake of meat, eggs, and dairy compared to EAT-Lancet diet food groups. A higher SHED index score was associated with a lower saturated fat and added sugar intake. While the SHED index was associated with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r = 0.334, p < 0.001), it was negatively associated with non-alcoholic and diet non-alcoholic beverage consumption (r = −0.257 and −0.264, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The SHED index showed good validity and reliability in Turkish adults. Our results suggest that the SHED index can be used in epidemiological and intervention studies because it allows the measurement of diets in terms of health and sustainability to propose adaptations accordingly.
Acompañamiento de la docencia, un sistema diseñado por y para profesores.
Authors:   , Fernández Cook Javiera Carolina
Published: September 2024

El proyecto se realizó en un colegio particular pagado ubicado en la comuna de San Miguel, en la Región Metropolitana y tuvo por objetivo caracterizar el cambio en la percepción de los profesores sobre la evaluación docente tras la implementación de una experiencia de evaluación participativa enfocada en la mejora profesional. Se basó en un enfoque cualitativo con un paradigma socio-crítico, utilizando la metodología de investigación-acción. Participaron cuatro profesores de distintas asignaturas de enseñanza media y la investigadora, quien también forma parte de la comunidad escolar.La intervención se estructuró en dos ciclos que, a través de la evaluación participante, implicaron la co-construcción de instrumentos entre los docentes, observación de pares y reflexión colaborativa. Los resultados mostraron un cambio positivo en las percepciones de los profesores sobre la evaluación docente. Antes de la intervención, los docentes veían la evaluación principalmente como un mecanismo punitivo y de altas consecuencias. Después de la intervención, la percepción cambió hacia una visión de la evaluación como una herramienta para la mejora profesional y el desarrollo de competencias docentes. Además, se observó un incremento en el nivel de reflexión de los docentes sobre sus prácticas pedagógicas. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentra que la evaluación participativa puede transformar la evaluación docente en un proceso más constructivo y orientado al desarrollo profesional.
La ciudad aumentada in-situ : restitución patrimonial del paisaje tranviario perdido de Santiago (1900-1945)
Authors:   , Suazo Navia Antonio
Published: September 2024

El proyecto es una intervención en el espacio público para la puesta en valor de los remanentes físicos del sistema de tranvías, a la fecha sin valoración ni protección patrimonial efectivas. Se establece como problemática principal el cómo integrar, en la valoración de una infraestructura urbana desaparecida, los rasgos y prácticas culturales que crecieron en torno a ella, vinculados a su uso. Para el habitante no resulta fácil acceder a la comprensión de estos elementos culturales, íntimamente ligados al sistema tranviario en sí y a los sectores de la ciudad que recorría en su itinerario, ambos desaparecidos. La hipótesis establece que el proceso de patrimonialización debe situarse desde el mismo espacio público, donde los remanentes aún son reconocibles, como instancia idónea para gatillar procesos de recuerdo y reconocimiento desde los propios habitantes, estimulando una reflexión instalada desde el presente. La intervención propuesta, y las actividades que la acompañan, apuntan a resignificar y comprender esos remanentes como resabios de un ‘paisaje tranviario’ que dio vida a una inédita manera de vivir en la ciudad, la que se constituyó en uno de los pilares de la cultura urbana actual.
Pueblos indígenas y museos: manejo de colecciones patrimoniales desde la colaboración
Authors:   , Romero Miranda Margarita
Published: September 2024

El tratamiento en base al respeto de los objetos y cuerpos humanos indígenas en museos es un tema que se viene desarrollando en el ámbito político, académico y profesional hace varias décadas en el mundo. En Chile, esta demanda está contenida en reclamos mucho más amplios sobre reconocimiento, soberanía territorial y autodeterminación (Millaleo, 2017). Por ello, se considera esencial plantear este proyecto a modo de insumo para contribuir a la mejora en las relaciones entre el Estado, la sociedad en general y los pueblos indígenas, para así avanzar sobre la comprensión de otras cosmovisiones y potenciar medidas de reparación del daño colonial y reconciliación con los pueblos indígenas. En relación a lo anterior, el desafío es contribuir al manejo de colecciones con protocolos culturales indígenas, entendidos como lineamientos éticos vinculados con la cosmovisión para el tratamiento de objetos y resto humanos en la vía del respeto, el reconocimiento de la multiplicidad de saberes y las tradiciones vivas de las comunidades indígenas. Esto se traduce en un sistema de estándares conducente a una certificación escalonada de un Sello de Colaboración. El sello daría cuenta de que el museo tiene condiciones aptas para el establecimiento de diálogo y recepción de las demandas de los pueblos indígenas relacionadas al cuidado de colecciones y la repatriación de ancestros.
Improving Respiratory Outcomes: The Role of Soft Tissue Manipulation in Enhancing Pulmonary Function for COPD Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: . Deepika , Jangra Mandeep Kumar , Chauhan Sarvotam
Published: September 2024

Introduction: COPD is the most prevalent respiratory disease to be studied and employing a variety of treatment techniques to deal with. Soft tissue manipulation is one such technique which decreases muscle tone that helps to achieve better compliance and hence improved respiratory functions and functional capacity in COPD patients. Aim: To determine effect of soft tissue manipulation on pulmonary function among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Materials and Methods: The following searches were performed in PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane and Google Scholar from years 2015-2024 with the keywords, “Soft tissue manipulation”, “COPD”, “Visceral manipulation” and “Pulmonary Function”. After probing these databases out of 5,240 articles only five studies were found to be in line with the aim, where the participants were both male and female with moderate to severe COPD according to GOLD criteria, aged from 45 to 80 years. Results: One pilot study and four randomised controlled trials were included in this review. These studies employed soft tissue manipulation over Diaphragm, Costal, Pectoralis, Scalene, Trapezius muscles ranging from 4 weeks to 24 weeks intervention for COPD patients and the results so reaped were that the technique helps improve pulmonary functions (Residual volume, Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume, Total lung capacity, Functional exercise capacity, FEV1/FVC ratio) in COPD patients. Conclusion: Soft tissue manipulation has been proven to have a positive impact on the pulmonary functions in COPD patients.
Effects of Pillow and it’s Types in Individuals with Chronic Neck Pain: A Literature Review
Authors: Ghosh Swarup , Goyal Manu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Chronic neck pain has become a significant burden, exacerbating disability and disrupting sleep quality in contemporary society. Besides various treatment approaches, selecting an appropriate pillow is crucial for promoting spinal alignment, relieving strain on neck muscles, and enhancing overall sleep quality. Aim: Thoroughly synthesise and summarise current research on the influence of diverse pillow characteristics in individuals with chronic neck pain. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search from the year 2014-2024 retrieved 15,258 articles through electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Studies incorporating pillow interventions alongside physiotherapy treatment in symptomatic individuals, aged 18 years and older, who presented symptoms of chronic neck pain were included. Only, seven pertinent studies, following the removal of duplicates were selected for inclusion in this review and subjected to further analysis. Results: The reviewed literature primarily employed outcome measures like Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Neck Disability Index (NDI), with only 2 studies investigating sleep quality using the PSQI. Limited studies indicate pillow efficacy as adjuncts, with minimal evidence favoring latex or foam pillows over regular ones, showing statistical significance in NRS (p=0.015) but no statistical significance in NDI (p=0.195). Conclusion: The heterogeneity of outcome measures and the diversity of pillows assessed hinder a conclusive determination of pillow effectiveness in managing chronic neck pain. Hence, it is imperative for future research to prioritise conducting rigorous randomised trials to ascertain the effectiveness of pillows in individuals with this widespread condition.
Accuracy of assembly holes after drilling in Al/CFRP layered structure
Authors: Doluk Elżbieta , Miturska-Barańska Izabela , Krupovych Oleksandra
Published: September 2024

Layered structures consisting of CFRP composites and aluminum alloys are most commonly used in the aerospace, marine, construction and automotive industries. One of the most important aspects associated with their use is the difficulty of machining them due to the anisotropic nature of the structures. These structures are often jointed to each other by mechanical joints that require mounting holes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drill bit diameter, cutting speed and the way the specimen is clamped during machining (drilling strategy) on the quality of holes drilled in a II-layer structure consisting of CFRP composite and aluminum alloy. The quality of the holes was expressed by the hole accuracy index D. A visual evaluation of the holes after the drilling process was also carried out.
Design for Assembly: Wrist Orthosis Design Concepts Proposals
Authors: Machaj Abigail , Sobczyk Kinga , Wojnarowska Wiktoria , Wanic Michał
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the integration of modern engineering techniques, including 3D scanning and additive manufacturing, in the design and production of wrist orthoses. The research aims to enhance orthotic devices by proposing three innovative fastening methods - Velcro straps, screws, and magnets - designed for use with 3D-printed orthoses. The study outlines the entire process from patient hand scanning to the final orthosis creation, emphasizing the precision and customization afforded by these advanced technologies. The proposed designs are intended to improve the comfort, effectiveness, and usability of orthoses for patients with musculoskeletal dysfunctions. The findings demonstrate the potential for significant advancements in personalized medical devices, offering new avenues for rehabilitation and patient care.
Modular technological line for assembling and testing car dampers
Authors: Tomasiewicz Robert
Published: September 2024

This publication describes the effects of work on the project no. POIR.01.01.01-00-1029/17-00. Its aim was to develop and demonstrate a technological line for the assembly and testing car dampers. The implementation of the project results took place in the own activities of ELPLC S.A. under Priority Axis I, the Smart Growth Operational Program 2014-2020 - Support for R&D work by enterprises. The commencement of work on the project was also the result of direct experience in the construction of machines and lines for OEM and Tier1 automotive industry clients.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE
Authors: Nayak Sachin , GD Kirankumar , . Vikesh , B Pradyumna , . Sandeshraj
Published: September 2024

The present study is concerned with the formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste, which contains various properties like tooth abrasives, tooth whitening, anti-caring, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, desensitivity, etc. The herbal toothpaste was prepared using mango leaf extract and guava leaf extract as active ingredients, along with various excipients, which include calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium benzoate, glycerine, camphor, honey and distilled water. The toothpaste was prepared by homogeneous mixing of all the excipients and the herbal extract. Four formulations were prepared using mango leaf extract as an active ingredient along with varying excipient concentrations, four formulations were prepared using guava leaf extract as an active ingredient along with varying excipient concentrations, and a polyherbal formulation consisting of four formulations containing both mango leaf extract and guava leaves extract as active ingredients along with varying excipient concentrations. The formulations were tested for various parameters such as homogeneity, abrasiveness, foamability, moisture content, Spreadability, extrudability, colour, PH, and antibacterial activity. The study concluded that polyherbal formulation showed best results and was found to be best among all batches. The polyherbal formulation, F4 showed was found to be best among all other formulations.
Studies on Wedge Grafted Adenium (Adenium obesum ) Types under Controlled Condition
Authors: Khanolkar Ujwal C. , Khanvilkar M. H. , Dalvi N. V , Kulkarni M. M. , Mane A. V. , Pawar P. R.
Published: September 2024

The present Experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dr. B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) during October-November of academic year 2023-2024. The experiment was laid out
in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in ten treatment and three replications. The findings showed that type ADBSKKVCOH -3 Pink had the maximum leaf area (8.61 cm2), caudex girth (22.33 mm) and survival percentage (86.67 %) also type ADBSKKVCOH-6 Dark Pink showed highest graft height (10.90 cm), maximum stem girth (9.46 mm) and number of leaves (17). Thus, type ADBSKKVCOH -3 Pink and ADBSKKVCOH -6 Dark Pink showed significant variation in growth parameters among all types.
Evaluation of Postharvest Quality of Fresh Kesum Leaves (Persicaria minor) during Storage in Different Temperatures and Packaging
Authors: M. N. Mohd Effendi , M. Razali , T. Muhammad Faidhi , M. Y. Saidatul Aqilah
Published: September 2024

Persicaria minor, locally known as kesum, is an herb synonym in Southeast Asia as a food flavor enhancer and seasoning for Eastern delicacies. Kesum leaves are quickly wilted, shrink, and lose moisture once harvested. This study aimed to determine optimum parameters: storage temperature and suitable packaging to maintain the freshness and quality of kesum and prolong the storage life. This study consisted of two activities: determining the best storage temperature and determining suitable packaging. For the first activity, kesum leaves were harvested manually from matured plants, transported to a packinghouse, sorted, cleaned, packed, and sealed in polyethylene (PE) 0.04mm before being stored at different temperatures, which were 5°C, 8°C, 10°C and 13°C, while for the second activity, kesum leaves were packed and sealed in different packaging: polyethylene (PE) 0.04mm and polypropylene (PP) 0.04mm and stored at 5°C. The postharvest quality of all samples and treatments (weight, moisture content, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, respiration rate of the leaves, total phenolic content, and leaf color values) was measured and recorded weekly throughout the storage period.  The study's results found that storing fresh kesum leaves at 5°C temperature and in PE 0.04mm packaging can delay the senescence and maintain the quality and postharvest attributes for up to 35 days, as shown in lower respiration rate, maintain the pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids and color of the leaves, and show higher total phenolic content for up to 35 days of storage compared to storing in temperature of 8°C, 10°C, and 13°C and PP 0.04mm packaging.
Non-tipping Tube in Quiescent Water Based on Static Moment Equilibrium
Authors: Ma Ruihan , Zheng Yutong , Xie Zhengyuan , Zhao Junjie , Huang Yi , Lai Tiantian , Yao Linhua
Published: September 2024

In mechanics and engineering applications, the study of rigid body stability holds significant importance. The method of static moment equilibrium is a critical tool for analyzing the stability of rigid bodies. In this paper, a simple and practical non-tipping tube device is constructed, which can maintain balance in quiescent water even under horizontal external force. The functional relationship between the inclination angle of the tube and the external force was obtained through theoretical analysis, and the experimental data modified the theoretical model. The device can detect external force up to 4.11±0.04 N (P=0.95). This intuitive experimental device has potential applications in physics teaching and the fields of wind detection engineering.
Physico-chemical Characterization and Taxonomic Classification of Soil Profiles in a Toposequence Located in RRTTS and KVK Farm, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
Authors: Dash Prava Kiran , Patra Soumya Ranjan , Mishra Antaryami , Barala Jatiprasad , Abhishek Sirla , Kishore Moruboyina Aditya , Pattnaik Truptimayee
Published: September 2024

The study investigates the physico-chemical characteristics and taxonomic classification of soil profiles along a toposequence at the RRTTS and KVK farm, Keonjhar, Odisha. Three distinct land types - upland, medium land, and lowland - were selected for the study, representing varying topographic positions. The investigation focused on soil properties such as bulk density, particle density, pH, organic carbon content, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation, and available macro and micronutrients. Results indicated that bulk and particle densities were lower in upper horizons and increased with depth, while soil pH exhibited an increasing trend with increasing depth, likely due to the movement of basic cations during intensive rainfall. Organic carbon content was higher in surface horizons and declined with depth, whereas available potassium increased with depth, attributed to parent material and clay content. The exchangeable cations, primarily calcium and magnesium, dominated the soil profiles. The soils were classified into Loamy-skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ustorthents (Pedon 1), Fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Udic Haplustalfs (Pedon 2), and Fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Udic Paleustalfs (Pedon 3). The study concluded that different landforms within the toposequence require specific land-use planning and conservation measures to enhance soil productivity and sustainability. Upland areas are recommended for plantation and agroforestry, medium land for crop production, and low land for paddy cultivation and pisciculture. Tailored conservation strategies, including contour cultivation and water harvesting, are essential to mitigate soil erosion and optimize land use in the region.
Rosetta measurements of lower hybrid frequency range electric field oscillations in the plasma environment of comet 67P
Authors: Karlsson T. , Eriksson A. I. , Odelstad E. , André M. , Dickeli G. , Kullen A. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Nilsson H. , Richter I.
Published: February 2017

Electric field measurements from cometary environments are very rare but can provide important information on how plasma waves help fashion the plasma environment. The long dwelling time of the Rosetta spacecraft close to comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko promises to improve this state. We here present the first electric field measurements from 67P, performed by the Rosetta dual Langmuir probe instrument LAP. Measurements of the electric field from cometocentric distances of 149 and 348 km are presented together with estimates of plasma density changes. Persistent wave activity around the local H2O+ lower hybrid frequency is observed, with the largest amplitudes observed at sharp plasma gradients. We demonstrate that the necessary requirements for the lower hybrid drift instability to be operating are fulfilled. We suggest that lower hybrid waves are responsible for the creation of a warm electron population, the origins of which have been unknown so far, by heating ambient electrons in the magnetic field‐parallel direction.
Role of IMF By in the prompt electric field disturbances over equatorial ionosphere during a space weather event
Authors: Chakrabarty D. , Hui Debrup , Rout Diptiranjan , Sekar R. , Bhattacharyya Archana , Reeves G. D. , Ruohoniemi J. M.
Published: February 2017

On 7 January 2005 (Ap=40) prompt penetration electric field perturbations of opposite polarities were observed over Thumba and Jicamarca on a few occasions during 13:45–16:30 UT. However, the electric field was found to be eastward during 14:45–15:30 UT over both Thumba and Jicamarca contrary to the general expectation wherein opposite polarities are expected at nearly antipodal points. On closer scrutiny, three important observational features are noticed during 14:10–15:15 UT. First, during 14:10–14:45 UT, despite increasing southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz condition, the already westward electric field over Thumba weakened (less westward) while the eastward electric field over Jicamarca intensified (more eastward). Second, the electric field not only became anomalously eastward over Thumba but also got intensified further during 14:45–15:00 UT similar to Jicamarca. Third, during 15:00–15:15 UT, despite IMF Bz remaining steadily southward, the eastward electric field continued to intensify over Thumba but weakened over Jicamarca. It is suggested that the changes in IMF By component under southward IMF Bz condition are responsible for skewing the ionospheric equipotential patterns over the dip equator in such a way that Thumba came into the same DP2 cell as that of Jicamarca leading to anomalous electric field variations. Magnetic field measurements along the Indian and Jicamarca longitude sectors and changes in high‐latitude ionospheric convection patterns provide credence to this proposition. Thus, the present investigation shows that the variations in IMF By are fundamentally important to understand the prompt penetration effects over low latitudes.
Saturn's magnetic field periodicities at high latitudes and the effects of spacecraft motion and position
Authors: Carbary J. F. , Provan G.
Published: February 2017

Lomb periodogram analyses have been applied to magnetic field observations made by the Cassini spacecraft during its high‐latitude orbits from 2006 to 2009. Only data from open‐field regions (OFRs), identified by absence of thermal electrons, were used to separate pure north and south periodic signals. In agreement with previous investigations, the periodograms reveal signals at 10.6 h in the northern OFR and at 10.8 h in the southern OFR but only for the Bθ and Bϕ components. The Br component exhibited essentially no periodicity in either the north or south, or at least its periodicity amplitude was too small for detection. In addition, the Bθ and Bϕ components displayed signals at ~10.0 h and ~11.2 h in the north and ~10.2 h and ~11.5 h and possibly ~9.6 h in the south. These periods can be reproduced by a simulation by using a rotating “searchlight” model with different north and south periods and an r−3 dependence. This investigation employs a Lomb‐Scargle method to analyze magnetic field periodicities and confirms that the magnetic fields have “pure” north and south periods in the respective hemispheres. The results also imply that a radial dependence in these fields exists, which is expected if the fields are produced by field‐aligned currents. Using this model, the effects of spacecraft motion and position can be readily detected in the Lomb analyses.
Constraints on Io's interior from auroral spot oscillations
Authors: Roth Lorenz , Saur Joachim , Retherford Kurt D. , Blöcker Aljona , Strobel Darrell F. , Feldman Paul D.
Published: February 2017

The morphology of Io's aurora is dominated by bright spots near the equator that oscillate up and down in approximate correlation with the oscillating orientation of the Jovian magnetospheric field. Analyzing Hubble Space Telescope images, we find that the auroral spots oscillate in phase with the time‐variable Jovian magnetic field at Io and that the amplitude of the spot oscillations is reduced by 15% (±5%) with respect to the amplitude of the magnetic field oscillation. We investigate the effects of Io's plasma interaction and magnetic induction in the moon's interior on the magnetic field topology and the aurora oscillations using a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation and an analytical induction model. The results from the MHD simulation suggest that the plasma interaction has minor effects on the oscillations, while the magnetic induction generally reduces magnetic field oscillations near the surface. However, the analytical model shows that induction in any near‐surface layer for which the skin depth is larger than the thickness—like a conductive magma ocean—would induce a phase shift, in conflict with the observations. Under the assumption that the spot oscillations represent the magnetic field oscillation, we constrain the conductance of a near‐surface layer to 1 × 103 S or lower. A magma ocean with conductances of 104 S or higher as derived from Galileo magnetometer measurements would cause overly strong attenuation of the amplitude in addition to the irreconcilable phase shift. The observed weakly attenuated, in‐phase spot oscillation is consistent with induction in a deep, highly conductive layer like Io's metallic core.
Contrasting Mesozoic evolution across the boundary between on and off craton regions of the South African plateau inferred from apatite fission track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He thermochronology
Authors: Wildman Mark , Brown Roderick , Persano Cristina , Beucher Romain , Stuart Finlay M. , Mackintosh Vhairi , Gallagher Kerry , Schwanethal James , Carter Andrew
Published: February 2017

The timing and mechanisms involved in creating the elevated, low‐relief topography of the South African plateau remain unresolved. Here we constrain the thermal history of the Southwest African plateau since 300 Ma by using apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (AHe) thermochronology. Archean rocks from the center of the Kaapvaal Craton yield AFT ages of 331.0 ± 11.0 and 379.0 ± 23.0 Ma and mean track lengths (MTLs) of 11.9 ± 0.2 and 12.5 ± 0.3 µm. Toward the southwest margin of the craton and in the adjacent Paleozoic mobile belt, AFT ages are significantly younger and range from 58.9 ± 5.9 to 128.7 ± 6.3 Ma and have longer MTLs (>13 µm). The range of sample AHe ages complements the AFT ages, and single‐grain AHe ages for most samples are highly dispersed. Results from joint inverse modeling of these data reveal that the center of the craton has resided at near‐surface temperatures (<60°C) since 300 Ma, whereas the margins of the craton and the off‐craton mobile belt experienced two discrete episodes of cooling during the Cretaceous. An Early Cretaceous cooling episode is ascribed to regional denudation following continental breakup. Late Cretaceous cooling occurs regionally but is locally variable and may be a result of a complex interaction between mantle‐driven uplift and the tectonic setting of the craton margin. Across the entire plateau, samples are predicted to have remained at near‐surface temperatures throughout the Cenozoic, suggesting minimal denudation (<1 km) and relative tectonic stability of the plateau.
Variability of the Pacific North Equatorial Current from 1993 to 2012 based on a 1/8° Pacific model simulation
Authors: Zhang Zhichun , Xue Huijie , Chai Fei , Chao Yi
Published: February 2017

Based on a multidecadal Pacific basin model simulation, interannual variations of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) are investigated. The model reproduces well the characteristics of the NEC and its interannual variability. The NEC transport is calculated as an integral of the westward velocity from 6°N to 21°N and from the surface to the 1200 m depth. The magnitude and standard deviation of the NEC transport increase from 46.5 and 3.9 Sv at 175°E to 66.7 and 6.5 Sv at 130°E, respectively, and both peak around 132°E prior to entering the bifurcation region. The NEC transport tends to be higher during positive Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) years but lower during negative ONI years with the maximum difference of more than 20 Sv. The interannual variability of the NEC transport is closely related to changes of the sea surface height in the tropical Pacific Ocean, and the increase of the NEC is mostly balanced by the increase in the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) on the tropical gyre side. The present study further suggests a long‐term decline of the NEC transport from 1993 to 2012, which is consistent with the patterns in the trend of wind stress curl. Transport anomalies reconstructed from the normal modes of zonal velocity suggest that the first baroclinic mode captures about 95% of the variance in the NEC transport, while the second mode adds only additional 3–4%. A 1.5‐layer reduced gravity model further reveals that the first (second) baroclinic mode is driven primarily by the wind (thermal) forcing. The wind forcing plays a predominant role in determining the interannual variability in the NEC transport while the effect of the thermal forcing is rather limited.
The coastal streamflow flux in the Regional Arctic System Model
Authors: Hamman Joseph , Nijssen Bart , Roberts Andrew , Craig Anthony , Maslowski Wieslaw , Osinski Robert
Published: February 2017

The coastal streamflow flux from the Arctic drainage basin is an important driver of dynamics in the coupled ice‐ocean system. Comprising more than one third of the total freshwater flux into the Arctic Ocean, streamflow is a key component of the regional and global freshwater cycle. To better represent the coupling of the streamflow flux to the ocean, we have developed and applied the RVIC streamflow routing model within the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM). The RASM is a high‐resolution regional Earth System Model whose domain includes all of the Arctic drainage basin. In this paper, we introduce the RVIC streamflow routing model, detailing its application within RASM and its advancements in terms of representing high‐resolution streamflow processes. We evaluate model simulated streamflow relative to in situ observations and demonstrate a method for improving model performance using a simple optimization procedure. We also present a new, spatially and temporally consistent, high‐resolution data set of coastal freshwater fluxes for the Arctic drainage basin and surrounding areas that is based on a fully coupled RASM simulation and intended for use in Arctic Ocean modeling applications. This data set is evaluated relative to other coastal streamflow data sets commonly used by the ocean modeling community. We demonstrate that the RASM‐simulated streamflow flux better represents the annual cycle than existing data sets, especially in ungauged areas. Finally, we assess the impact that streamflow has on the coupled ice‐ocean system, finding that the presence of streamflow leads to reduced sea surface salinity, increased sea surface temperatures, and decreased sea ice thickness.
Snow contribution to first‐year and second‐year Arctic sea ice mass balance north of Svalbard
Authors: Granskog Mats A. , Rösel Anja , Dodd Paul A. , Divine Dmitry , Gerland Sebastian , Martma Tõnu , Leng Melanie J.
Published: February 2017

The salinity and water oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of 29 first‐year (FYI) and second‐year (SYI) Arctic sea ice cores (total length 32.0 m) from the drifting ice pack north of Svalbard were examined to quantify the contribution of snow to sea ice mass. Five cores (total length 6.4 m) were analyzed for their structural composition, showing variable contribution of 10–30% by granular ice. In these cores, snow had been entrained in 6–28% of the total ice thickness. We found evidence of snow contribution in about three quarters of the sea ice cores, when surface granular layers had very low δ18O values. Snow contributed 7.5–9.7% to sea ice mass balance on average (including also cores with no snow) based on δ18O mass balance calculations. In SYI cores, snow fraction by mass (12.7–16.3%) was much higher than in FYI cores (3.3–4.4%), while the bulk salinity of FYI (4.9) was distinctively higher than for SYI (2.7). We conclude that oxygen isotopes and salinity profiles can give information on the age of the ice and enables distinction between FYI and SYI (or older) ice in the area north of Svalbard.
Spatial variability of active layer thickness detected by ground‐penetrating radar in the Qilian Mountains, Western China
Authors: Cao Bin , Gruber Stephan , Zhang Tingjun , Li Lili , Peng Xiaoqing , Wang Kang , Zheng Lei , Shao Wanwan , Guo Hong
Published: February 2017

The active layer plays a key role in geomorphic, hydrologic, and biogeochemical processes in permafrost regions. We conducted a systematic investigation of active layer thickness (ALT) in northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau by using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) with 100 and 200 MHz antennas. We used mechanical probing, pit, and soil temperature profiles for evaluating ALT derived from GPR. The results showed that GPR is competent for detecting ALT, and the error was ±0.08 m at common midpoint co‐located sites. Considerable spatial variability of ALT owing to variation in elevation, peat thickness, and slope aspect was found. The mean ALT was 1.32 ± 0.29 m with a range from 0.81 to 2.1 m in Eboling Mountain. In Yeniu Gou, mean ALT was 2.72 ± 0.88 m and varied from 1.07 m on the north‐facing slope to 4.86 m around the area near the lower boundary of permafrost. ALT in peat decreased with increasing elevation at rates of −1.31 m/km (Eboling Mountain) and −2.1 m/km (Yeniu Gou), and in mineral soil in Yeniu Gou, the rate changed to −4.18 m/km. At the same elevation, ALT on the south‐facing slope was about 0.8 m thicker than that on the north‐facing slopes, while the difference was only 0.18 m in peat‐covered area. Within a 100 m2 area with a local elevation difference of 0.8 m, ALT varied from 0.68 m to 1.25 m. Both field monitoring and modeling studies on spatial ALT variations require rethinking of the current strategy and comprehensive design.
Quantifying uncertainties from additional nitrogen data and processes in a terrestrial ecosystem model with Bayesian probabilistic inversion
Authors: Du Zhenggang , Zhou Xuhui , Shao Junjiong , Yu Guirui , Wang Huimin , Zhai Deping , Xia Jianyang , Luo Yiqi
Published: February 2017

Substantial efforts have recently been made toward integrating more processes to improve ecosystem model performances. However, model uncertainties caused by new processes and/or data sets remain largely unclear. In this study, we explore uncertainties resulting from additional nitrogen (N) data and processes in a terrestrial ecosystem (TECO) model framework using a data assimilation system. Three assimilation experiments were conducted with TECO‐C‐C (carbon (C)‐only model), TECO‐CN‐C (TECO‐CN coupled model with only C measurements as assimilating data), and TECO‐CN‐CN (TECO‐CN model with both C and N measurements). Our results showed that additional N data had greater effects on ecosystem C storage (+68% and +55%) compared with added N processes (+32% and −45%) at the end of the experimental period (2009) and the long‐term prediction (2100), respectively. The uncertainties mainly resulted from woody biomass (relative information contributions are +50.4% and +36.6%) and slow soil organic matter pool (+30.6% and −37.7%) at the end of the experimental period and the long‐term prediction, respectively. During the experimental period, the additional N processes affected C dynamics mainly through process‐induced disequilibrium in the initial value of C pools. However, in the long‐term prediction period, the N data and processes jointly influenced the simulated C dynamics by adjusting the posterior probability density functions of key parameters. These results suggest that additional measurements of slow processes are pivotal to improving model predictions. Quantifying the uncertainty of the additional N data and processes can help us explore the terrestrial C‐N coupling in ecosystem models and highlight critical observational needs for future studies.
A Godunov‐type finite‐volume solver for nonhydrostatic Euler equations with a time‐splitting approach
Authors: Nazari Farshid , Nair Ramachandran D.
Published: February 2017

A two‐dimensional conservative nonhydrostatic (NH) model based on the compressible Euler system has been developed in the Cartesian (x, z) domain. The spatial discretization is based on a Godunov‐type finite‐volume (FV) method employing dimensionally split fifth‐order reconstructions. The model uses the explicit strong stability‐preserving Runge‐Kutta scheme and a split‐explicit method. The time‐split approach is generally based on the split‐explicit method, where the acoustic modes in the Euler system are solved using small time steps, and the advective modes are treated with larger time steps. However, for the Godunov‐type FV method this traditional approach is not trivial for the Euler system of equations. In the present study, a new strategy is proposed by which the Euler system is split into three modes, and a multirate time integration is performed. The computational efficiency of the split scheme is compared with the explicit one using the FV model with various NH benchmark test cases.
Heat and water transport in soils and across the soil‐atmosphere interface: 2. Numerical analysis
Authors: Fetzer Thomas , Vanderborght Jan , Mosthaf Klaus , Smits Kathleen M. , Helmig Rainer
Published: February 2017

In an accompanying paper, we presented an overview of a wide variety of modeling concepts, varying in complexity, used to describe evaporation from soil. Using theoretical analyses, we explained the simplifications and parameterizations in the different approaches. In this paper, we numerically evaluate the consequences of these simplifications and parameterizations. Two sets of simulations were performed. The first set investigates lateral variations in vertical fluxes, which emerge from both homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media, and their importance to capturing evaporation behavior. When evaporation decreases from parts of the heterogeneous soil surface, lateral flow and transport processes in the free flow and in the porous medium generate feedbacks that enhance evaporation from wet surface areas. In the second set of simulations, we assume that the vertical fluxes do not vary considerably in the simulation domain and represent the system using one‐dimensional models which also consider dynamic forcing of the evaporation process, for example, due to diurnal variations in net radiation. Simulated evaporation fluxes subjected to dynamic forcing differed considerably between model concepts depending on how vapor transport in the air phase and the interaction at the interface between the free flow and porous medium were represented or parameterized. However, simulated cumulative evaporation losses from initially wet soil profiles were very similar between model concepts and mainly controlled by the desorptivity, Sevap, of the porous medium, which depends mainly on the liquid flow properties of the porous medium.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Patterning Tool for Organic Electronic Devices
Authors: Schmaltz Thomas , Sforazzini Giuseppe , Reichert Thomas , Frauenrath Holger
Published: February 2017

The patterning of functional materials represents a crucial step for the implementation of organic semiconducting materials into functional devices. Classical patterning techniques such as photolithography or shadow masking exhibit certain limitations in terms of choice of materials, processing techniques and feasibility for large area fabrication. The use of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a patterning tool offers a wide variety of opportunities, from the region‐selective deposition of active components to guiding the crystallization direction. Here, we discuss general techniques and mechanisms for SAM‐based patterning and show that all necessary components for organic electronic devices, i.e., conducting materials, dielectrics, organic semiconductors, and further functional layers can be patterned with the use of self‐assembled monolayers. The advantages and limitations, and potential further applications of patterning approaches based on self‐assembled monolayers are critically discussed.
Materials Design and System Construction for Conventional and New‐Concept Supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Zhong , Li Lin , Yan Jun‐min , Zhang Xin‐bo
Published: February 2017

With the development of renewable energy and electrified transportation, electrochemical energy storage will be more urgent in the future. Supercapacitors have received extensive attention due to their high power density, fast charge and discharge rates, and long‐term cycling stability. During past five years, supercapacitors have been boomed benefited from the development of nanostructured materials synthesis and the promoted innovation of devices construction. In this review, we have summarized the current state‐of‐the‐art development on the fabrication of high‐performance supercapacitors. From the electrode material perspective, a variety of materials have been explored for advanced electrode materials with smart material‐design strategies such as carbonaceous materials, metal compounds and conducting polymers. Proper nanostructures are engineered to provide sufficient electroactive sites and enhance the kinetics of ion and electron transport. Besides, new‐concept supercapacitors have been developed for practical application. Microsupercapacitors and fiber supercapacitors have been explored for portable and compact electronic devices. Subsequently, we have introduced Li‐/Na‐ion supercapacitors composed of battery‐type electrodes and capacitor‐type electrode. Integrated energy devices are also explored by incorporating supercapacitors with energy conversion systems for sustainable energy storage. In brief, this review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress on electrode materials design and burgeoning devices constructions for high‐performance supercapacitors.