bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lossy mode resonance-based highly sensitive fiber optic refractive index sensor using the bilayer of FTO/HfO2 for operation in the visible region
Authors: Semwal Vivek , Gupta Banshi D.
Published: October 2020

A lossy mode resonance (LMR) based fiber optic refractive index (RI) sensor utilizing a layer of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) over the unclad core of the fiber is theoretically analyzed. To enhance its sensitivity, the thickness of the FTO layer is optimized. For further sensitivity enhancement, an over-layer of two different materials,

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and

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, is used. The sensitivity of

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and

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bilayer based LMR sensors increases with the increase in the thickness of the over-layer for a fixed thickness of the bilayer. Further, the sensitivity of the sensor utilizing the

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bilayer is found to be more than the sensitivity of the

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bilayer sensor. To keep the operating spectral range of the sensor in the visible region, the total thickness of the bilayer is adjusted. It is found that a total bilayer thickness of 30 nm with 90% thickness of

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gives the maximum sensitivity of 4400 nm/RIU for 1.33 RI of the sensing medium, which is more than three times the sensitivity of the FTO coated LMR sensor. The sensitivity of the proposed LMR sensor utilizing the

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bilayer is compared with the other LMR sensors reported in the literature, and it is found that the proposed sensor possesses the highest sensitivity. The other advantage of the proposed sensor is that it works in the visible region, which reduces the cost of the sensor.
Direct detection based φOTDR using the Kramers-Kronig receiver
Authors: Lu Xin , Krebber Katerina
Published: October 2020

A Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver is applied to a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry based on direct detection. An imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a 2×2 coupler is used in sensing system to encode the phase information into optical intensity. The directly obtained signal is treated as the in-phase component, and the KK receiver provides the quadrature component by Hilbert transform of the obtained signal, so that the optical phase can be retrieved by IQ demodulation. The working principle is well explained, and the obtained phase variance is theoretically analyzed. The experiment demonstrates the functionality of the sensor and validates the theoretical analysis.
Chromatic response of a four-telescope integrated-optics discrete beam combiner at the astronomical L band
Authors: Shankar Nayak Abani , Poletti Thomas , Sharma Tarun Kumar , Madhav Kalaga , Pedretti Ettore , Labadie Lucas , Roth Martin M.
Published: October 2020

We show the results of simulation and experimental study of a 4-telescope zig-zag discrete beam combiner (DBC) for long-baseline stellar interferometry working at the astronomical L band (3 − 4 µm) under the influence of a narrow bandwidth light source. Following Saviauk et al. (2013), we used a quasi-monochromatic visibility-to-pixel matrix (V2PM) for retrieving the complex coherence functions from simulated and experimentally measured power at the output of the device. Simulation and coefficient of determination (R2) measurements show that we are able to retrieve the visibility amplitudes with >95 % accuracy of our chromatic model source up to a bandwidth of 100 nm centred at 3.5 µm. We characterized a DBC manufactured by 3D ultra-fast laser inscription (ULI) written on gallium lanthanum sulphate (GLS). Experimental results showed retrieval of visibility amplitude with an accuracy of 80-90 % at 69 nm bandwidth, validating our simulation. The standard deviation of experimental phase residuals are between 0.1-0.4 rad, which shows that the retrieval procedure is sufficient to get good quality images, where phase perturbations of less than 1 rad are expected under good seeing conditions for astronomical applications.
In-phase and anti-phase entanglement dynamics of Rydberg atomic pairs
Authors: Zhang Han-Xiao , Fan Chu-Hui , Wu Jin-Hui
Published: October 2020

We study the correlated evolutions of two far-spaced Rydberg atomic pairs with different resonant frequencies, interacting via van der Waals (vdW) potentials and driven by a common laser field. They are found to exhibit in-phase (anti-phase) beating dynamics characterized by identical (complementary) intra-pair entanglements under a specific condition in regard of inter-pair vdW potentials and driving field detunings. This occurs when each atomic pair just oscillates between its ground state and symmetric entangled state because its doubly excited state and asymmetric entangled state are forbidden due to rigid dipole blockade and perfect destructive interference, respectively. More importantly, optimal inter-pair overall entanglement can be attained at each beating node corresponding to semi-optimal intra-pair entanglements, and inevitable dissipation processes just result in a slow decay of intra-pair and inter-pair entanglements yet without destroying in-phase and anti-phase beating dynamics.
Dual-tool multiplexing model of parallel computer controlled optical surfacing
Authors: Ke Xiaolong , Wang Tianyi , Choi Heejoo , Pullen Weslin , Huang Lei , Idir Mourad , Kim Dae Wook
Published: October 2020

Fabrication of large optics is a time-consuming process and requires a vast investment in manpower and financial resources. Increasing the material removal rate of polishing tools and minimizing dwell time are two common ways of reducing the processing time. Indeed, the polishing efficiency can be further improved if multiple tools are used at the same time. In this Letter, we propose a dual-tool deterministic polishing model, which multiplexes the dwell time and optimizes the run parameters of two polishing tools simultaneously. The run velocities of the two tools are coordinated by boundary conditions with a velocity adjustment algorithm, and the corresponding polishing paths are studied. We demonstrate this model with a simulation of polishing one segment of the Giant Magellan Telescope, where, with the proposed dual-tool multiplexing, the processing time of an ø8.4 m mirror has been reduced by 50.54% compared with that using two tools in a sequential schedule.
Energy conservation at an optical temporal boundary
Authors: Tan K. B. , Lu H. M. , Zuo W. C.
Published: October 2020

The temporal boundary appears as a novel phenomenon in a wide range of optical devices and systems, such as the photonic crystal, metamaterials, optical microcavity, and modulator, with a dynamic medium whose refractive index changes across the boundary. However, the validation of electromagnetic energy conservation was considered in violation for the optical temporal boundary traditionally. Here a new energy space–time scheme is proposed for an optical pulse in a medium with the temporal boundary. From the Poynting theory, the electromagnetic energy is investigated based on a one-dimensional model under the assumption of impedance matching. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that a more general conservation of energy is validated in a time domain for the ideal scenario. A new invariant quantity of spatial energy in the optical medium is further obtained. The numerical results are in agreement with the theory of the temporal boundary. The conservative process of energy transportation across the optical temporal boundary is clarified and confirmed.
Perturbation theory for Kerr nonlinear leaky cavities
Authors: Christopoulos Thomas , Tsilipakos Odysseas , Kriezis Emmanouil E.
Published: October 2020

In emerging open photonic resonators that support quasinormal eigenmodes, fundamental physical quantities and methods have to be carefully redefined. Here, we develop a perturbation theory framework for nonlinear material perturbations in leaky optical cavities. The ambiguity in specifying the stored energy due to the exponential growth of the quasinormal mode field profile is lifted by implicitly specifying it via the accompanying resistive loss. The capabilities of the framework are demonstrated by considering a third-order nonlinear ring resonator and verified by comparing against full-wave nonlinear finite element simulations. The developed theory allows for efficiently modeling nonlinear phenomena in contemporary photonic resonators with radiation and resistive loss.
pH-sensitive GaInAsP photonic crystal fractal band-edge laser
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Sakata Akihiro , Saijo Yoshito , Baba Toshihiko
Published: October 2020

The light emission characteristics of GaInAsP semiconductors in aqueous solutions are modified by the surface charge, depending on the balance between radiative and nonradiative recombination. This Letter demonstrates the application of a GaInAsP photonic crystal band-edge laser in sensing a solution pH, which reflects the surface charge. The sensitivity is enhanced by a hybrid of fractal honeycomb and close-packed structures with a large surface-to-volume ratio and a high quality factor (

Q

), which allows a low threshold carrier density. We experimentally obtained a maximum pH sensitivity of 1.9 dB/pH near the threshold and a signal-to-noise ratio of 52/pH (pH resolution of 0.019) at a pump power 2.4 times the threshold where the intensity noise diminished.
Fast form measurements using a digital micro-mirror device in imaging with partially coherent illumination
Authors: Agour Mostafa , Falldorf Claas , Bergmann Ralf B.
Published: October 2020

We present a new technique for fast form measurement based on imaging with partially coherent illumination. It consists of a

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-imaging system with a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) located in the Fourier plane of its two lenses. The setup benefits from spatially partially coherent illumination that allows for depth discrimination and a DMD that enables a fast depth scan. Evaluating the intensity contrast, the 3D form of an object is reconstructed. We show that the technique additionally offers extended depth of focus imaging in microscopy and short measurement times of less than a second.
Tunable photonic devices by 3D laser printing of liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Woska Simon , Münchinger Alexander , Beutel Dominik , Blasco Eva , Hessenauer Jannis , Karayel Osman , Rietz Pascal , Pfleging Stefan , Oberle Roman , Rockstuhl Carsten , Wegener Martin , Kalt Heinz
Published: October 2020

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are highly suitable materials for the fabrication of flexible photonic elements due to their ability for directional actuation induced by external stimuli. 3D laser printing (3DLP) is a well-established method to realize complex photonic architectures. In this paper, we present the technological adaptations necessary to combine the actuation-controlled flexibility of LCE with the design options inherent to 3DLP to realize a platform for tunable photonics. The role of birefringence of the LCE in the 3DLP fabrication is addressed and theoretically modelled. We demonstrate how LCEs can be used both as a flexible substrate for arrays of rigid photonic elements and as a material for tunable photonic structures itself. Flexible coupling of two optical whispering gallery mode cavities and full spectral tunability of a single cavity are presented as exemplary applications.
Squeezing of intensity noise in nanolasers and nanoLEDs with extreme dielectric confinement
Authors: Mork Jesper , Yvind Kresten
Published: October 2020

Low-noise light sources are important for on-chip interconnects,
sensors, and quantum technology. We show that, using novel
cavity designs featuring deep sub-wavelength confinement, it is
possible to strongly reduce quantum fluctuations over a large
bandwidth. The results could enable integrated sources with extremely
low amplitude noise.
Performance enhancement of Brillouin sensing systems based on compressive sampling
Authors: Zhou Da-Peng , Ning Wankun , Shu Dayong , Peng Wei , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: October 2020

Compressive sampling theory asserts that certain signals can be recovered from far fewer samples than traditional methods use. We propose to enhance the performance of Brillouin sensing systems by improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the Brillouin spectra with random undersampled measurements of the original noisy Brillouin spectra. The number of acquisitions can be significantly reduced, and at the same time the measurement accuracy can be improved due to the increased signal-to-noise ratio of recovered Brillouin spectra measured based on compressive sampling principle compared to those measured directly by conventional methods. Experiments show that by performing ∼30% of the acquisitions that are required by conventional systems, over 7 dB signal-to-noise ratio enhancement can be obtained. Our proposal can be applied to any practical Brillouin sensing system whose performance can be enhanced by taking the advantages of recent advancements in computational methods without costly or sophisticated hardware modifications.
Intuitive physical reasoning about objects’ masses transfers to a visuomotor decision task consistent with Newtonian physics
Authors: Neupärtl Nils , Tatai Fabian , Rothkopf Constantin A.
Published: October 2020

While interacting with objects during every-day activities, e.g. when sliding a glass on a counter top, people obtain constant feedback whether they are acting in accordance with physical laws. However, classical research on intuitive physics has revealed that people’s judgements systematically deviate from predictions of Newtonian physics. Recent research has explained at least some of these deviations not as consequence of misconceptions about physics but instead as the consequence of the probabilistic interaction between inevitable perceptual uncertainties and prior beliefs. How intuitive physical reasoning relates to visuomotor actions is much less known. Here, we present an experiment in which participants had to slide pucks under the influence of naturalistic friction in a simulated virtual environment. The puck was controlled by the duration of a button press, which needed to be scaled linearly with the puck’s mass and with the square-root of initial distance to reach a target. Over four phases of the experiment, uncertainties were manipulated by altering the availability of sensory feedback and providing different degrees of knowledge about the physical properties of pucks. A hierarchical Bayesian model of the visuomotor interaction task incorporating perceptual uncertainty and press-time variability found substantial evidence that subjects adjusted their button-presses so that the sliding was in accordance with Newtonian physics. After observing collisions between pucks, which were analyzed with a hierarchical Bayesian model of the perceptual observation task, subjects transferred the relative masses inferred perceptually to adjust subsequent sliding actions. Crucial in the modeling was the inclusion of a cost function, which quantitatively captures participants’ implicit sensitivity to errors due to their motor variability. Taken together, in the present experiment we find evidence that our participants transferred their intuitive physical reasoning to a subsequent visuomotor control task consistent with Newtonian physics and weighed potential outcomes with a cost functions based on their knowledge about their own variability.
Vitamin C as Prevention in Burn Sepsis
Authors: Tanuwijaya Lucretya Yeniwati
Published: October 2020

Background: Burns is a severe public health problem. Its poor treatment can lead to the worst complication called sepsis. Since sepsis decreases the immune system, the critical therapy management of burn sepsis ensures adequate end-organ perfusion. According to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle, immediate identification and management in the initial hours generate a better outcome. The inflammation of burn injury is known to increase ROS production, which causes cellular damage, sepsis, and MODS. This condition initiates the importance of ROS scavenger.
Methods: This literature reviewed from relevant works of literature which searched from major journal databases of WHO, Pubmed, Elsevier, JAMA, Springer, NEJM, which published from 2013 until 2018
Results: Vitamin C is a cheap but effective antioxidant, which acts as a ROS scavenger and reduces the fluid requirement in burn resuscitation for the prevention of burn sepsis
Conclusion: Vitamin C could be recommended as adjuvant therapy in the prevention of burn sepsis
Pathophysiology And Management Of Inhalation Trauma In Burn Patients: Literature Review
Authors: Agus Roy Rusly Hariantana Hamid  , I Gusti Putu Hendra Sanjaya  , Gede Wara Samsarga  , Ni Made Ratih Purnama Dewi
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Inhalational trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality rates in burn patients. The high mortality rate for a burn with inhalation trauma requires a good understanding of the pathophysiology to provide comprehensive treatment.Method: Electronic literature searching of the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases were conducted. Studies regarding inhalation trauma pathophysiology and its management that were eligible and available were chosen and used in this paper.Result: Inhalational trauma pathophysiology can be divided into three, namely damage to the upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, and systemic toxicity. Management can be divided based on post-exposure early management (0-72 hours) and advanced management (3-21 days).Conclusion: At present, the management of inhalation trauma is still moderately supportive. Further research based on inhalation trauma pathophysiology is still needed for effective management so that later it can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates.
Ondernemerschap bij Saxion studenten, alumni en medewerkers : Een onderzoek naar de economische impact van Saxion spin-offs op de regio
Authors: Bazen Jacques , Flooren Michiel
Published: October 2020

Saxion hogeschool daagt studenten en medewerkers uit om na te denken over de impact van technologie op mens, maatschappij en milieu. Door praktijkgericht onderzoek vinden studenten en docent-onderzoekers samen slimme oplossingen voor vraagstukken die aanleiding kunnen geven tot ondernemerschap. Onderzoek naar de impact van Saxion op ondernemerschap bepaalt in belangrijke mate de onderzoeksagenda van academies in het economisch domein en in het bijzonder van de School of Commerce & Entrepreneurship. Dit document betreft een studie naar het ondernemerschap van studenten, alumni en (oud) medewerkers van Saxion en meer specifiek op de vraag hoe de economische impact van Saxion spin-offs zich heeft ontwikkeld in de regio Twente en de Cleantechregio gedurende de periode 2011-2019. Deze regionale focus wordt bepaald door de vestigingsplaatsen van Saxion in Enschede, Deventer en Apeldoorn. Saxion draagt in toenemende mate bij aan succesvolle spin-offs in de Cleantechregio en Twente. Bovendien creëert deze spin-off een groeiende werkgelegenheid. Deze bijdrage komt tot stand doordat Saxion haar betrokkenen deelnemers op diverse manieren traint en stimuleert om een bedrijf te starten en innovatieve diensten & producten te ontwikkelen. Hoeveel (toekomstige) bedrijven daadwerkelijk opgericht en/of overgenomen worden hangt af van de sector, het succes van de deelnemers en regionale karakteristieken. Indien de spin-off in beide regio’s onderling wordt vergeleken blijkt er door de onderlinge diversiteit sprake van een zgn. ‘couleur locale’. In de periode 2011-2019 zijn in totaal 1594 bedrijven opgericht of gekocht door een Saxion student, almumni of (oud) medewerker. Van deze bedrijven zijn er in 2019 nog 1041 commercieel actief waarvan er 982 nog steeds geleid worden door een Saxion betrokkene. In 2019 leveren deze bedrijven 15743 arbeidsplaatsen waarbij de gemiddelde bedrijfsgrootte 15 arbeidsplaatsen telt. Indien we kijken naar spin-offs die nog steeds door Saxion betrokkenen worden geleid, tellen deze bedrijven een kleiner aantal personeelsleden met gemiddeld 4.9 per bedrijf in Twente en slechts 2.8 in de Cleantech regio.
La herencia cultural latinoamericana como poética docente
Authors: Marcipar Matías
Published: October 2020

Las prácticas docentes están sostenidas en poéticas, cuales narraciones, dan sentido a la enseñanza y proveen criterios para la selección de contenidos. La MPL (Música Popular Latinoamericana) tiene su presencia en los textos curriculares, pero su devenir curricular depende en gran medida de quienes estén movilizados por una poética de lo latinoamericano en la educación. A su vez, el concepto mismo de una poética docente que busque dar vida a la herencia cultural latinoamericana presenta un enorme margen de ambigüedad. Desde el contexto concreto y experiencia de la secundaria especializada en música popular en vivo CREI, el artículo intenta problematizar el asunto en sus distintas aristas, proponiendo un breve repaso histórico por roles institucionales y posicionamientos político-educativos en relación a la cultura.
Layanan Sosial Berbasis Kolaborasi Komunitas di Panti Asuhan Yatim Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Hendrayani Moralely
Published: October 2020

This article describes a social service based on a building of community collaboration. This research uses a qualitative method that the data collected by interview, documentation, and observation process in the Muhammadiyah orphanage of Yogyakarta. The study finds a new way of social services management processes based on an orphanage. The effectiveness of the social service program has been conducted by a standard procedure of operational for social workers. It is a process to build trust between clients and institutions. A trusting of the client can be a priority to social worker practice. It was implemented by social workers to avoid mall practice. The practical in this study rises that it needs a trusting with the client based on the principle of assessment. For instance, social service needs to create a client community and establish a collaboration with other stakeholders. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan layanan sosial berbasis pembentukan kolaborasi komunitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui proses wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi di Panti Asuhan Yatim Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Studi ini menemukan cara baru dalam proses manajemen pelayanan sosial berbasis panti. Efektifitas program layanan sosial dilakukan dengan menetapkan standar operasional bagi tenaga kesejahteraan sosial. Hal ini sebagai proses membangun kepercayaan antara lembaga dengan klien. Kepercayaan klien menjadi prioritas dalam praktik pekerjaan sosial. Konteks ini untuk menghindari kesalahan dalam praktik kerja para pekerja sosial. Praktik yang muncul dalam studi ini bagaimana pekerja sosial membangun kepercayaan dengan klien melalui asas penilaian kebutuhan. Untuk itu, pelayanan sosial berbasis panti perlu membentuk komunitas klien dan membangun kolaborasi dengan semua stakeholder terkait.
KOMPETENCJE CYFROWE PRZYSZŁYCH NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH I ICH POTENCJALNY WPŁYW NA PLANOWANIE PROCESU DYDAKTYCZNEGO
Authors: Maziarz Magdalena
Published: October 2020

This article and the study it describes present the results of research on the general level of digital competence of students in the teaching specialization in the context of preparation for the teacher profession and the Council of the European Union recommendation of 22 May 2018 on key competencies for lifelong learning. The results of the research are compared with publicly available reports on the digital competencies of Poles and with the European Media Literacy Standard for Youth Workers (EMELS).
Landscape and Culture
Authors: Pietraszko Stanisław
Published: October 2020

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Informed aesthetic consensus and the creation of urban environments
Authors: Mueller-Salo Johannes
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the aesthetics of urban environments. One central feature of urban environments is that they are surroundings that we share with each other and hence their aesthetic outlook belongs to our common world. One may then ask how common, i.e. shared surroundings should be planned, designed and managed? The author claims that an informed aesthetic consensus is needed. Throughout the paper he discusses why it is important to think about a consensus within urban aesthetic decision making in postmodern times, he presents the notion of an informed aesthetic consensus and its importance for aesthetic theory, finally—he explains how it may be applied to democratic processes of urban aesthetic decision making.
Lappland. 2017
Authors: Sternak Wojciech
Published: October 2020

Lappland. 2017
To describe an alien planet: An experience of landscape in "The Voyage of the Beagle" by Charles Darwin
Authors: Schollenberger Justyna
Published: October 2020

This text presents an attempt to reread Darwin’s account of his journey on the Beagle. That account constitutes a report of meetings and confrontations with various “strangers”: men, animals, as well as with different faces of otherness and exoticism, that culminate in a landscape so radically distinct from the European one, namely that of the South Pacific. This interpretation allows us to look at Darwin—the narrator—as more than just a naive traveler who observes and judges the world exclusively through the narrow perspective of British imperialism. The naturalist struggles with describing that which exceeds his previous experiences. The imperialistic perspective of landscape taken up in this text allows us to reflect on Darwin’s perception of the landscape. The sights analyzed in the text are foremost treated as emanations of the powers of nature. At the same time, Darwin defines these sights in categories that are not scientific but aesthetic, finding them beautiful and sublime.
New landscapes of the post-industrial city
Authors: Zimpel Jadwiga
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to analyze modern urban space in the context of intercepting the effects of biopolitical production by means of a conceptual apparatus taken from urban landscape studies. Among the discussed sections of urban space, which illustrate the issue undertaken in this text, there are first and foremost places that focalize and intertwine practices of urban design, landscape architecture, design and media initiated by local governments, institutions, and private investors. All of these practices strive to create a new type of urban landscapes, characterized by their simultaneous functioning as sights and as “urban stages.” Following from the above findings, this paper aims to describe the listed forms of land use in terms derived from cultural concepts of landscape, considering the latter to be a useful tool for explaining the relations between modern urban subjects and the environment they exist in.
Realidad y ficción en los mitos del autogobierno y del igualitarismo de la Espafia moderna en la creación de identidades nacionales contemporåneas
Authors: Pérez Francisco José Alfaro
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the ease with which issues related to the identity of a given social group can be created or committed to oblivion. Also, it examines the subjective and partial exploitation of historical facts which stems from ignorance or vested interests. The author presents a range of examples, covering the period from the rule of the old order (ancien regime) to the present day.
Libeskind’s Museum in Berlin as a toppled tower
Authors: Kamczycki Artur
Published: October 2020

In the article the author will attempt to interpret the architectural structure of the Jewish Museum in Berlin, designed in 1989 by Daniel Libeskind. The context of deliberations presented here will rely on a broadly understood idea of tower, an entity identical with the Judaic as well as Christian vision of the Heavenly Jerusalem. However, the key to the metaphor is the assumption that the structure symbolizes a toppled tower, which in its turn is a meaningful analogy to the concepts derived from the issues of the Holocaust.
Civil society structures in Ukraine: formation and development in the latter half of 16th to 19th centuries
Authors: Panfiłova Tatiana
Published: October 2020

Based on the sources and critical consideration of historiography of the problem, the author defines regularities and specific features of the formation of structures of Ukrainian civil society, as a factor which bolstered Ukrainian national idea.
Starożytna koncepcja trzech teologii
Authors: Chlewicka Anna
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is to present the concept of three-fold theology (theologia tńpartite) combining mythical, civil and natural aspects, a theory abundantly discussed in Greek and Roman literature, spanning sources from the first century BCE (Plutarch, Ps.-Plutarch, Dio Chrysos-tom, Varro) to the Christian authors of the fourth and fifth centuries CE (Eusebius, Augustine, Tertullian). The paper also inquires into the origin of the theological trichotomy of theology, assessing those writings in terms of stoic influences, sińce stoicism is most likely the framework within which the theory first arose. Towards the end, the paper recounts how the three types of theology fiinctioned in the culture of Greece.
John Henry Newman-mistrz pióra dwóch wyznań?
Authors: Kuczok Marcin
Published: October 2020

The article aims at answering the question whether John Henry Newman (1801-1890), a prolific writer of the Victorian era, can be considered a wordsmith whose writing reached the highest degree of artistic mastery. The paper analyzes the most important genres Newman employed in his Anglican and Catholic periods of life, and subsequently presents the opinions of literary critics regarding the quality and value of his writing. Finally, the author examines the impact of Newmans literary works on culture and art, as well as on literature of both his era and in the centuries to follow.
Na styku dwóch światów; rec. książki: Margot Klee, Germania superior. Eine rómische Provinz in Frankreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz
Authors: Mrozewicz Leszek
Published: October 2020

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W poszukiwaniu romanizacji...; rec. książki: Colonisation and Romanization in Moesia Inferior. Premises of a contrastive approach, red. Lucretiu Mihailescu-Birliba
Authors: Mrozewicz Leszek
Published: October 2020

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Nazistowska medycyna w okupowanej Polsce; rec. książki: Medycyna w cieniu nazizmu, red. Michał Musielak, Katarzyna B. Głodowska
Authors: Tomczak Maria
Published: October 2020

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Nie-ludzkie doświadczenie i jego ślady w kobiecych autobiografiach. Przypadek trzech modernistek
Authors: Pańczak Martyna
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the possibility of reading women’s autobiographies with the main focus on the lives non-human animals. Drawing on the theory of autobiography and the field of animal studies I argue that it is feasible to extract valid and accurate accounts of numerous human-animal relationships or find traces of various animal experience whereby animals can be recognized as agents and subjects.
Isotopic insights into the jar-and-coffin mortuary ritual of the Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia
Authors: Shewan Louise , Armstrong Richard , O’Reilly Dougald , Halcrow Siân , Beavan Nancy , Sokha Tep
Published: October 2020

The use of coffins and jars as funerary receptacles was common across Southeast Asia. During the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries AD, cremation was the dominant mortuary tradition on the Angkorian plains, but in the Cardamom Mountains to the south, contemporaneous groups practised a unique burial tradition involving the deposition of un-cremated bone in exposed ceramic vessels and log coffins. The authors present the first geochemical analysis of individuals from this highland culture, specifically the site of Phnom Pel. The childhood diets of those interred in jars and coffins may have been sourced from different areas within the Cardamom Mountains, suggesting that the individuals came from discrete groups.
Retrospective Valuation of Experienced Outcome Encoded in Distinct Reward Representations in the Anterior Insula and Amygdala
Authors: Vestergaard Martin D. , Schultz Wolfram
Published: October 2020

Our ability to evaluate an experience retrospectively is important because it allows us to summarize its total value, and this summary value can then later be used as a guide in deciding whether the experience merits repeating, or whether instead it should rather be avoided. However, when an experience unfolds over time, humans tend to assign disproportionate weight to the later part of the experience, and this can lead to poor choice in repeating, or avoiding experience. Using model-based computational analyses of fMRI recordings in 27 male volunteers, we show that the human brain encodes the summary value of an extended sequence of outcomes in two distinct reward representations. We find that the overall experienced value is encoded accurately in the amygdala, but its merit is excessively marked down by disincentive anterior insula activity if the sequence of experienced outcomes declines temporarily. Moreover, the statistical strength of this neural code can separate efficient decision-makers from suboptimal decision-makers. Optimal decision-makers encode overall value more strongly, and suboptimal decision-makers encode the disincentive markdown (DM) more strongly. The separate neural implementation of the two distinct reward representations confirms that suboptimal choice for temporally extended outcomes can be the result of robust neural representation of a displeasing aspect of the experience such as temporary decline.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOne of the numerous foibles that prompt us to make poor decisions is known as the “Banker's fallacy,” the tendency to focus on short-term growth at the expense of long-term value. This effect leads to unwarranted preference for happy endings. Here, we show that the anterior insula in the human brain marks down the overall value of an experience as it unfolds over time if the experience entails a sequence of predominantly negative temporal contrasts. By contrast, the amygdala encodes overall value accurately. These results provide neural indices for the dichotomy of decision utility and experienced utility popularized asThinking fast and slowby Daniel Kahneman.
Jumping Performance and Lower Limb Kinematic Analysis Among Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Wan Zakaria Wan Hazree , Hassan Hosni , Md Radzi Noor Azila Azreen
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the jumping performance and lower limbs kinematics among boys with Down syndrome. The participants (n = 23) were required to perform standing broad jump test and their jumping performance was evaluated using Motor Skills Inventory for locomotor skills anal- ysis. In addition, the jumping performance was also recorded for lower limb kinematic analysis using 2-Dimensional video recording tools. Results revealed that 91.3% of the participants scored ‘Poor’ values of standing broad jump distances. Based on the Motor Skills Inventory analysis, five participants were grouped as ‘Rudimentary’, nine participants were ‘Functional’ and the other nine participants were ‘Mature’ level of motor development. Based on these three groups, further analysis was conducted on the lower limbs kinematics during jumping performance (three phases: take off, jump peak height and landing). Finding showed that there were no significant differences on lower limb kinematics between the groups during these three phases of jumping. Proper inter- vention strategies are needed in order to improve the jumping skills among children with Down syndrome.
Phosphodiesterase 2A and 3B variants are associated with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Rassi-Cruz Marcela , Maria Andrea G , Faucz Fabio R , London Edra , Vilela Leticia A P , Santana Lucas S , Benedetti Anna Flavia F , Goldbaum Tatiana S , Tanno Fabio Y , Srougi Vitor , Chambo Jose L , Pereira Maria Adelaide A , Cavalcante Aline C B S , Carnevale Francisco C , Pilan Bruna , Bortolotto Luiz A , F Drager Luciano , Lerario Antonio M , Latronico Ana Claudia , Fragoso Maria Candida B V , Mendonca Berenice B , Zerbini Maria Claudia N , Stratakis Constantine A , Almeida Madson Q
Published: October 2020

Familial primary aldosteronism (PA) is rare and mostly diagnosed in early-onset hypertension (HT). However, ‘sporadic’ bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) is the most frequent cause of PA and remains without genetic etiology in most cases. Our aim was to investigate new genetic defects associated with BAH and PA. We performed whole-exome sequencing (paired blood and adrenal tissue) in six patients with PA caused by BAH that underwent unilateral adrenalectomy. Additionally, we conducted functional studies in adrenal hyperplastic tissue and transfected cells to confirm the pathogenicity of the identified genetic variants. Rare germline variants in phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) and 3B (PDE3B) genes were identified in three patients. The PDE2A heterozygous variant (p.Ile629Val) was identified in a patient with BAH and early-onset HT at 13 years of age. Two PDE3B heterozygous variants (p.Arg217Gln and p.Gly392Val) were identified in patients with BAH and HT diagnosed at 18 and 33 years of age, respectively. A strong PDE2A staining was found in all cases of BAH in zona glomerulosa and/or micronodules (that were also positive for CYP11B2). PKA activity in frozen tissue was significantly higher in BAH from patients harboring PDE2A and PDE3B variants. PDE2A and PDE3B variants significantly reduced protein expression in mutant transfected cells compared to WT. Interestingly, PDE2A and PDE3B variants increased SGK1 and SCNN1G/ENaCg at mRNA or protein levels. In conclusion, PDE2A and PDE3B variants were associated with PA caused by BAH. These novel genetic findings expand the spectrum of genetic etiologies of PA.
FGF2/FGFR signaling promotes cumulus–oocyte complex maturation in vitro
Authors: Du Chao , Davis John S , Chen Chao , Li Zan , Cao Ye , Sun Hui , Shao Bao-Shun , Lin Yu-Xin , Wang Yong-Sheng , Yang Li-Guo , Hua Guo-Hua
Published: October 2020

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), a member of FGF family, binds with FGF receptors (FGFR) to initiate biological functions in various somatic cells. However, little is known regarding the role of FGF2/FGFR on oocyte meiosis. In this study, we investigated expression patterns and functions of FGF2/FGFR during in vitro maturation (IVM) of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Among four FGFRs, Ffgr1 was the most abundant in COCs. The transcripts for Fgf2 and Ffgr1 in COCs increased during IVM. Ffgr1 was present in oocytes and cumulus cells, while Fgf2 was present in only cumulus cells. Treatment of COCs with the selective FGFR inhibitor SU5402 blocked oocyte meiotic progression and downregulated expression of Bmp15 and Gdf9. In contrast, supplement of FGF2 promoted oocyte meiotic progression and upregulated Bmp15 and Gdf9 expression. Inhibition of FGFR with SU5402 reduced cumulus expansion and expressions of Ptx3, Has2 and Tnfaip6. Treatment with FGF2 increased Ptx3 and Has2 expression. Inhibition of FGFR had no effect on meiotic progression of denuded oocytes (DOs). However, co-culture of DOs with COCs or supplementation with FGF2 promoted meiotic progression of DOs. Inhibition of FGF2/FGFR signaling also downregulated Ffgr1 expression, while supplemental FGF2 upregulated Fgfr1 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of FGFR in COCs interrupted the c-Mos/MAPK pathway and maturation-promoting factor (MPF), as indicated by downregulation of oocyte c-mos and Ccnb1 transcripts, respectively. Overall, this study suggests that FGF2 produced by cumulus cells, activates a FGF2/FGFR autocrine/paracrine loop within COCs to regulate cumulus expansion and oocyte meiosis. These findings reveal a novel role for FGF2/FGFR signaling during in vitro maturation of COCs.
Homograft Treatment for Infected Frozen Elephant Trunk Prosthesis
Authors: Risteski Petar , Salem Razan , Walther Thomas , Kessel Johanna , Bechstein Wolf Otto
Published: October 2020

A 46-year-old male received total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk for acute non-A/non-B aortic dissection. Two months later, he underwent emergency reoperation for contained rupture of the left common carotid ostium at its insertion on the aortic arch. Three months after the reoperation, he developed tracheoesophageal fistula and infection of the prosthesis in the region of the aortic arch and the proximal descending aorta. Second reoperation was performed with replacement of the aorta with a composite of three aortic homografts, and the fistula was permanently closed with a direct suture and intercostal muscle flap
Palliative Care Involvement in Patients with Operative Mortality After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Leeds Hayden , Smith Danielle
Published: October 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to examine palliative care involvement in patients with operative mortality after cardiac surgery, to gain a better understanding of this high-risk population and factors influencing referral.
Methods: This is a retrospective review using data submitted to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database.
Results: The total study population included 93 patients with operative mortality, only 30% of whom had palliative care involvement. The median time from first palliative care involvement to death was 6 days. Nearly 40% of patients had a status labeled as elective at the time of surgery.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patient mortality risk for elective surgery is being underestimated, or the indications for palliative care consultation in high-risk patients is going unrecognized. Such knowledge may facilitate earlier palliative care involvement, with the goal of improved quality of life for cardiac patients.
Income inequality and conflicts: A Gini decomposition analysis
Authors: Sarntisart Isra
Published: October 2020

There has been little research examining how income inequality may or may not contribute to the “grievance” aspect of conflict. For the most part, the measure used is the traditional Gini index, which is suitable to reflect vertical inequality (VI) rather than horizontal inequality (HI). Calculating HI requires the ability to decompose inequality indices, especially the Gini index, into a within-subgroup component and a between-subgroup component. There exists a long-standing stream of literature discussing how to decompose the Gini index. This article discusses the shortcomings of existing Gini decomposition methods and proposes a novel method that divides the Gini index into within-subgroup and across-subgroup components. This novel method is then applied to the case of Thailand in the years 2009–2017. The differences in the two components derived from the method of this article and those of existing methods are large. In addition, the HI measure this article introduces is also large relative to non-Gini measures such as the Theil and Shorrocks indices. Therefore conflict-related papers that include an existing Gini decomposition and HI measure among their independent variables may wish to test their models with those of this article and other measures—to examine if the results are consistent and to mitigate a risk of misleading policymakers.
Acoustic properties of Norway spruce wood modified with staining fungus (Sydowia polyspora)
Authors: Danihelová Anna , Spišiak Dominik , Reinprecht Ladislav , Gergeľ Tomáš , Vidholdová Zuzana , Ondrejka Vojtěch
Published: October 2020

Effects of biological modification of Norway spruce wood with the wood-staining fungus Sydowia polyspora were evaluated relative to select physical and acoustical characteristics (PACHs), including the density (ρ), dynamic modulus of elasticity along the wood grain (EL), specific modulus (Esp), speed of sound along the wood grain (cL), resonant frequency (fr), acoustic constant (A), logarithmic decrement (ϑ), loss coefficient (η), acoustic conversion efficiency (ACE), sound quality factor (Q), and sound timbre. Incubation of the Norway spruce samples in S. polyspora lasted 12 w, 20 w, and 24 w. The results showed that the incubation time of spruce wood in S. polyspora did not have a statistically significant impact on most of the PACHs (ρ, EL, cL, fr, and A). However, biological modification of the spruce wood with S. polyspora had significant effects on the ϑ, η, and ACE. Treatment of the spruce wood with S. polyspora also changed the sound timbre, but the effects varied for each frequency.
A chemical process for preparing cellulosic fibers hierarchically from kenaf bast fibers
Authors: Shi Jinshu , Shi Sheldon Q. , Barnes H. Michael , Pittman Charles U.
Published: October 2020

The objective of this research was to evaluate an all-chemical process to prepare nano-scale to macro-scale cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast fibers, for polymer composite reinforcement. The procedure used in this all-chemical process included alkaline retting to obtain single cellulosic retted fiber, bleaching treatment to obtain delignified bleached fiber, and acidic hydrolysis to obtain both pure-cellulose microfiber and cellulose nanowhisker (CNW). At each step of this chemical process, the resultant fibers were characterized for crystallinity using X-ray diffraction (XRD), for functional groups using the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and for surface morphology using both the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical components of the different scale fibers were analyzed. Based on the raw kenaf bast fibers, the yields of retted fibers and bleached fibers were 44.6% and 41.4%. The yield of the pure cellulose microfibers was 26.3%. The yield of CNWs was 10.4%, where about 22.6% α-cellulose had been converted into CNWs. The fiber crystallinity increased as the scale of the fiber decreased, from 49.9% (retted single fibers) to 83.9% (CNWs). The CNWs had fiber lengths of 100 nm to 1400 nm, diameters of 7 to 84 nm, and aspect ratios of 10 to 50. The incorporation of 9% (wt%) CNWs in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites increased the tensile strength by 46%.
Modelo de gestión de la cadena de suministro y la rentabilidad de los principales laboratorios farmacéuticos del Perú
Authors: Torres Cáceres Nolberto , Calsina Miramira Willy Hugo
Published: October 2020

En el artículo se propone que el empleo de un modelo de gestión en los principales laboratorios farmacéuticos del Perú favorece el manejo de la cadena de suministro y la rentabilidad de estos. El interés del estudio parte de la preocupación del riesgo de salud debido al desabastecimiento de medicamentos; por lo que se pretende solucionar dicho problema mediante la aplicación del modelo de gestión de cadena de suministro, ya que una mejora en la rentabilidad significa mayor acceso a este tipo de producto para la población peruana. El trabajo contribuye con la información acerca de la importancia del fortalecimiento de la prestación de servicios en la distribución de medicamentos mediante una gestión óptima de estos suministros en la salud. El análisis se basa en la selección de cinco empresas de este rubro. Los resultados indican que la administración descrita promete una mejora inmediata.
Utilización del modelo K en la gestión de una cadena de suministros para favorecer el crecimiento en los puntos de venta de los negocios retail de calzado
Authors: Asorza Nicho Rosemary
Published: October 2020

Este artículo presenta un estudio de una cadena retail de calzado en Lima que utiliza el modelo K en su gestión de operaciones. Los objetivos son verificar si existe un impacto positivo en el crecimiento de los puntos de venta de la empresa y establecer una relación entre las variables planteadas, considerando el beneficio del empleo del modelo K. El interés por desarrollar esta investigación es dar a conocer si el mencionado modelo favorece al incremento de ventas en los negocios retail y si es factible recomendar su utilización al presentarse evidencias para la hipótesis. El trabajo analiza los índices de control recolectados de seis megatiendas para realizarse pruebas de normalidad, homogeneidad, correlación de Pearson y regresión logística. Los resultados predicen la relación de variables y su influencia en el crecimiento de una tienda con un 83.3% de eficacia.