bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Quality Enhancement in Ponds Using Baffles, Burullus in Egypt as a Case Study
Authors: Seif Diaa , Moustafa Medhat , Soliman Mohamed
Published: July 2018

This study investigated the simulation of hydrodynamics water quality in waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) after using baffles. The major functions performed by baffles are to reduce hydraulic short-circuiting and to provide a submerged surface, which can encourage the growth of attached biomass. Attached biomass growing on the surface of the baffles could increase the total mass of organisms in the pond, thus improve the treatment efficiency and therefore reduce the eutrophication rate in the pond such as NH3-N, NO3-N &PO4-P. In this research, mathematical model (MIKE21) developed by (DHI), was formulated to simulate water quality parameter. The study applied on Burullus Lake, which is the second largest northern lake in Egypt, which belongs to high eutrophic lake type and suffers from several problems. Results showed that there is a significant variance between the rate of values without and after making baffles. The findings indicated that the percentage removal of NH3-N, NO3-N &PO4-P are (51.8, 43.7 &40.1%) respectively in the case of no overlap between baffles, to be (83.4, 94.3 & 89.6%) in the case of overlap ratio 0.95 at the high temperature. This result suggests that the overlap between baffles is more efficient to reduce the eutrophic rate in the water. In conclusion, waste ponds can be improved easily and economically to be more efficient by making baffles.
Colostomy in Anorectal Malformation and Hirschsprung’s Disease in Infants and Children
Authors: Zamil Ali Laibi , Radhi Osamah Abdul-Kadim , Hasan Helen Samer
Published: July 2018

Background: There are numerous and frequent common complications following construction of large bowel stomas, which may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The overall morbidity from colostomy has been reported to be as high as 42-75%. Aims of the study: •To study the complications of colostomy (immediate, early & late) taking into consideration the site and types of the colostomy. •To determine the types and sites of colostomy in anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung’s disease. •To study some associated risk factors in colostomy with anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung’s Disease. •To estimate the rate of death for performed colostomies in anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung’s disease. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional prospective study included a total number of (160) temporary colostomies were performed for neonates, infants and children in the pediatric surgical department of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad over a period of three years from January 2008 to January 2011. A standardized data sheets were prepared for collecting the information including age, sex, associated congenital anomalies and colostomy data (type, site, indication, and complication). Results: Most of the colostomies were done in the neonatal period (69.4%) and mainly for imperforate anus (46.9%) while colostomies that were performed in infancy (26.2%) were done mainly for Hirschsprung’s disease (18.1%). The most common type of stoma was right loop transverse colostomy for Hirschsprung’s disease (31.2%) and pelvic loop for imperforate anus (42.5%). 107 different complications developed in 71 patients as a result of colostomy formation and the most common complications were stomal prolapse, skin excoriation, wound sepsis, stomal stenosis, retraction, and bleeding. The mortality rate was 7.5% (12 patients); 4 patients had Hirschsprung’s disease and 8 patients had an imperforate anus.Conclusion: Hirschsprung’s disease and imperforate anus were the most common indications of stoma formation in pediatric age group. The right transverse loop and pelvic loop colostomy were the commonest stoma that was performed with a high rate of complications.
Democracy through Election
Authors: Armia Muhammad Siddiq
Published: July 2018

After amendment the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia has adopted election mechanism to implement a value of democracy. Unfortunately, the regulations as a main tool have not completely covered all of election issues. It follows that the election legal systems have only been prepared for the post-election dispute instead of the pre-election dispute. This case happened in the province of Aceh. On one hand Aceh has its own law regarding the autonomy province, on the other hands, Aceh must coexist the national law as well. However, both Aceh’s law and national’s law does not clearly provide the mechanism of handling the pre-election dispute among the regulations. This implies that the provincial election cannot be implemented as long as does not have legal certainty. In the provincial level have suggested making a new bylaw focusing on the local election only, nevertheless, central government have strongly rejected this idea.
Human Rights Norm Diffusion in Southeast Asia
Authors: Netipatalachoochote Stanati , Holzhacker Prof.Dr. Ronald , Ciacchi Prof.Dr. Aurelia Colombi
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) have played an increasingly vocal role in their struggle to advance both human rights protection and promotion in Southeast Asian countries. Most notably, CSOs have become a more important actor in dealing with human rights issues in particular by virtue of their role in drawing attention to human rights violations. In the case of massive human rights violations happening in Southeast Asia, CSOs pursue various strategies to address and try to end such abuses. Spreading information of human rights violations occurring in each member state to regional peers, and then finding new allies such as international organizations to put pressure back to human rights-violating states, in what is characterized as a dynamic of the boomerang model, one of the prominent strategies CSOs use to relieve human rights violations. Another strategy recently observed involves CSOs reaching out to powerful judicial institutions whose decisions can be legally binding on a violating state. Spreding This paper applies the boomerang model theory to the efforts of CSOs, specifically with respect to their work in helping to end the extrajudicial killing of drug dealers in the Philippines during President Duterte’s tenure, to display how the dynamics of the boomerang model works and what this strategy has achieved in terms of ending the extrajudicial killings. Beyond the boomerang model, this paper further demonstrates the strategy of CSOs in reaching out directly to powerful judicial institutions, in this case the International Criminal Court (ICC). The paper discusses why CSOs pursued this strategy of reaching out to the ICC, bypassing the region’s human rights institution—the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR).

Keywords: Civil Society Organizations (CSOs); Extrajudicial Killing in the Philippines; The International Criminal Court (ICC).

(A previous version of this paper was presented at the 14th Asian Law Institute (ASLI) Conference hosted by the University of Philippines, College of Law (UP) in 19 May 2017. We would like to thank the commentators and the audience for their questions and comments on the paper.)
Development of Model on Mothers Self-Efficacy in Preventing Recurrence of Non-Pneumonia Acute Respiratory Infection among Toddlers
Authors: Zatihulwani Eliza Zihni , Sukartini Tintin , Krisnana Ilya
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. A cough and cold diseases such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and other upper respiratory diseases are classified as non-pneumonia. ARIs that are not appropriately handled will affect the lung tissue and cause severity and even death. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of self-efficacy (SE) among mother to prevent recurrent (PR) non pneumonia (NP)-ARI on toddlers based on the integration of Precede-Proceed Model and Health Belief Model.Method: This study used cross-sectional design. The population were a mother with a toddler in Tanggalrejo Village of Mojoagung Jombang.  A hundred toddler’s mothers were recruited as samples by cluster sampling. Variables in this study were predisposing-enabling-reinforcing factors, main constructs of perceived (MCP), perceived threat, SE and PRNP-ARI. Data were collected using questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion then analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS).Results: The SE improvement model for the PRNP-ARI was formed from predisposing-enabling-reinforcing factors, MCP, perceived threat, and maternal SE. The greatest effect was on MCP against a perceived threat with T statistic value = 11.07.Conclusion: Increasing SE of toddler's mother can be done by educating mother about ARI concept, conventional ARI treatment, environmental modification, benefits of mask use, clean and healthy life behavior, proper hand washing, nutrition feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, stress management; create peer support group for toddlers mother; and optimizing the role of health officers and family support.
Improving the Services Quality of Educational Staff Based on Satisfaction and Loyalty Analysis of Nursing Students
Authors: Africia Fresty , Supriyanto Stefanus , Kusumaningrum Tiyas
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Educational staff services play a role in determining the quality of education. Service quality is able to provide satisfaction for students. Students who were satisfied with the perceived quality will develop student loyalty to the institution. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of educational staff service quality with the satisfaction and loyalty of nursing students so that the educational institutions as service providers are able to provide the best service and survive in the midst of competition.Method: The study was an explanative survey with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted using both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (Focus Group discussion/FGD) methods. This study used proportional random sampling, with 110 students as samples. The variables in this research were customer expectations, perceived quality, student satisfaction and loyalty. The data was collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by linear regression, while FGD was conducted in two different groups (students and staff’s managers).Result: The result of the study explains the influence of student expectations on the perceived quality of the educational staff with a p-value = 0,002. There was no influence of student expectation on student satisfaction with a p-value = 0,156. The influence of the perceived quality of the educational staff towards student satisfaction had a p-value = 0,000. The influence of student satisfaction on student loyalty had a p-value = 0,000.Conclusion: The fulfilment of student expectations will have a positive impact on perceived quality. Furthermore, the positively perceived quality will create student satisfaction and student loyalty towards the educational institutions. For further research, it is suggested to examine the effect of satisfaction on student complaints.
The Effect of Education on Parents' "Speak Up" Knowledge Regarding Patients Safety in Hospital
Authors: Aini Septy Nur , Mulatsih Sri , Lasmani Patricia Suti
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Safety is a global issue in hospitals. Unexpected events or errors related to health services occur in children, and about 75% are associated with medical procedures. Parental involvement becomes one of the strategies used to improve patient safety. Families who know patient safety can educate themselves to prevent and detect errors that occur during treatment. Education can improve the general knowledge about patient safety. The Speak Up program is recommended by JCAHO to improve effective communication, and this program has a preventive impact on human error. This study aims to determine the effect of education on parent’s ‘speaking up’ knowledge regarding patient safety in the Children's Wards of Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta.Methods: This research study was quasi-experimental using a one group pre-test and post-test design. The intervention in this research was education. The consecutive sampling technique was used with a total of 62 respondents selected. The Speak Up questionnaire and observation sheet to get to know the changes in the knowledge of Speak Up was used to collect the data. The data analysis used a Paired Sample T-Test.Result: The result of the paired T-test showed a p-value <0,001 (p <0,05) which means that there was a significant influence by way of education on parent’s speak up knowledge regarding patient safety.Conclusion: Education improved the parents' speak up knowledge about patient safety.
The Effectiveness of a Pain Management Program on Intensify of Pain and Quality of Life Among Cancer Patients in Myanmar
Authors: Thu Hein , Sukartini Tintin
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is rapidly becoming a global pandemic. Cancer pain significantly affects the diagnosis, quality of life and survival of patients with cancer. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of a Pain Management Program (PMP) on pain and quality of life in a patient with cancer.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a randomised pre-post test design approach. The data was collected from cancer patients in No 2 Military Hospital (500-Bedded), Yangon, Myanmar. The patients were recruited using a random allocation sampling technique and consisted of 30 respondents (experimental group) and 30 respondents (control group) taken according to the inclusion criteria. The Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ 2) was used to assess pain, and The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess the quality of life.Results: A MANOVA test was used to analyse the effect of PMP. It showed that 1) PMP decreased the pain and 2) PMP increased the quality of life in patients with cancer.Conclusion: Improvements in the quality of life and to do with pain-related cancer suggests that the vicious cycle of chronic pain may be alleviated by PMP. As we look at the results, PMP can be an effective treatment to be used by nurses for decreasing pain and increasing the quality of life in patients with cancer.
FRONT MATTERS
Authors: Ners Jurnal
Published: July 2018

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BACK MATTERS
Authors: Ners Jurnal
Published: July 2018

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KONTRAK KAPITASI DALAM HUKUM KONTRAK INDONESIA
Authors: Wardhani Andini Aprilia , Agustin Erni
Published: July 2018

The existence of Act No. 3 of 1992 on Social Security of Labor which regulates that a company is required to provide social security, one of them by providing health insurance for its workers. One form of health insurance provided by the company to its employees is through a healthcare contract, made between the company and the hospital generally referred to as the capitation contract. However, until now there has been no legislation regulating the capitation contract so that the question arises about the validity, characteristics, and implementation of the capitation contract itself. This article aims to examine the characteristics, the validity, and the implementation of capitation contract in Indonesia. Specifically, this type of capitation contract has not been regulated in Indonesian legislation. The parties to the capitation contract are hospitals as providers of healthcare services and companies as recipients of healthcare services. Payments in capitation contracts are fixed and made regularly provided by the recipients of health care services. Capitation contracts are included in contracts that are beneficial to the third parties. Implementation of captation contract in Indonesia refers to the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia and should not be contradictory to the regulations such as Social Security of Labor, Health Law and Hospital Law.
Extension of Space Syntax Methods to Generic Urban Variables
Authors: D'Autilia Roberto , Spada Marco
Published: July 2018

We studied generalization of a method for extending configurational studies to variables that are not exclusively geographical, in order to allow investigation of generic relationships in the built environment. We observed a number of limitations of the classical approach of configurational studies and we considered how a complex analytical method could be implemented in the study of non-topological variables, such as land use, noise pollution and financial or property rents. In order to do this we established a system of relationships based on a labeled primary graph. Categorization of the labels of the links was performed on a generic variable, specifically, the predominant use of roads. The graph was then contracted using an optimization algorithm, which we describe. The algorithm allows the network to be reduced to a more streamlined system that can better analyze the relationships between the different categories. Application of the method showed that it is faster to identify weaknesses in urban networks, and then take measures to resolve them. The case study concerns the pedestrianization of the Colosseum area in Rome.
Rényi Entropy Power Inequalities via Normal Transport and Rotation
Authors: Rioul Olivier
Published: July 2018

Following a recent proof of Shannon's entropy power inequality (EPI), a comprehensive framework for deriving various EPIs for the Rényi entropy is presented, that uses transport arguments from normal densities and a change of variable by rotation.
INSTITUTIONAL LAND PASSES MASTERY INHERITANCE PATTERN, ON A FARM IN THE HIGHLANDS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Mappa Nurdin , Salman Darmawan , Siregar Ahmad Ramadhan , Arsyad Muhammad
Published: July 2018

The community of farmers in land tenure have different institutional in terms of mastery of the land. In Indonesia there were generally institutional governing the utilization of land for mastery permanently, but there were also institutional governing dominion land in turn. This research aimed to chart institutional pattern characteristic mastery of the land inheritance system passes in, andanalyzeits contribution to sustainability of agriculture in the economic, social and ecological. Research method using case studies, with unit case a subdistrict in Gowa, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The results showed that institutional land pattern mastery system passes the inheritance patterns of alternation that has in effect hereditary, pattern rotation established by the heir land management patterns, depending on the number of beneficiaries, as well as not having managed to land fragmentation, so the scale of farming land, conditions can be maintained , the land was slanted so given a terracing, planting process was carried out by means of mutual. Neither found that institutional land pattern mastery system passes the inheritance had been contributing the sustainability of agriculture in social and ecological, but have yet to fully contribute to the sustainability of agriculture in economy.
Implementation of the Education Program for the Development of Digital Literacy for Adult Education and Increase of Economic-Educational Income - Case Study Croatia-Dalmatia
Authors: Mueller Mirela , Koch-Schneider Sabine
Published: July 2018

Technology then has become a mixed bag for the tourism industry. It creates a great deal of conveniences while at the same time has been used as a way to increase revenues and to lessen customer service, especially for the education of adults in the area of digital competence for the use for advertising the tourist offer of your own units. Modern Education Programs can be a great help in overcoming digital literacy and thus helping to choose a variety of offers that offer free internet advertising. The survey was conducted on the example of Okrug municipality on the Čiovo peninsula in the period from February 2017 to April 2017. 278 private renters participated. The aim of the research was to show that the Program for the Education of Foreign Languages, a specific English language that was organized by the Municipality, contributed to the advertising of its tourist units, thereby contributing to the revenue, ie the occupancy in the number of reservations. The paper used a quantization method, a questionnaire survey. point to the fact that it is necessary to invest in the Education Program so that the older population, in particular, acquires the general level of digital literacy and foreign language learning, for the purpose of finding an adequate media for advertising and strengthening the tourist capital of a municipality.
Continuous High-Flow System to Trap and Separate Magnetic Particles from Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Banis Georgios , Kouli Maria Elisavet , Hristoforou Evangelos , Ferraro Angelo
Published: July 2018

Bio-separation of natural molecules as well as clinical compounds has been constantly developed in last decades. Several techniques are available but the majority of them presents drawbacks such us impossibility to be applied for industrial purposes. The main limitations for the scaling up are high costs and the fact that the devices work with microfluid dynamics. Nevertheless, magnetic bio-separation is considered the most prone to be used for large scale applications. Herein, we propose a simple magnetic separation method that is not based on microfluid dynamics, can work in a continuous- and high-flow rate and can be easily automated in order to be used for standard separation purposes. It is based on the use of an anisotropic flexible ferric magnetic strip, Teflon hoses and a pumping device. We show the modelling of the separation process along with an experimental test on iron oxide magnetic particles. The results showed that it is possible to remove, and separately collect, more than 92% of magnetic particles from a liquid solution of 100 ml in roughly 15 minutes.
On the Spatial Diffusion of Cooperation with Endogenous Matching Institutions
Authors: Migliaccio Emanuela , Verdier Thierry
Published: July 2018

This paper studies the spatial joint evolution of cooperative behavior and a partially assortative matching institution that protects cooperators. We consider cooperation as characterized by a cultural trait transmitted via an endogenous socialization mechanism a la Bisin and Verdier (2001) and we assume that such trait can diffuse randomly in space due to some spatial noise in the socialization mechanism. Using mathematical techniques from reaction-diffusion equations theory, we show that, under some conditions, an initially localized domain of preferences for cooperation can invade the whole population and characterize the asymptotic speed of diffusion. We consider first thecase with exogenous assortativeness, and then endogeneize the degree of social segmentation in matching, assuming that it is collectively set at each point of time and space by the local community. We show how relatively low cost segmenting institutions can appear in new places thanks to the spatial random diffusion of cooperation, helping a localized cultural cluster of cooperation to invade the whole population. The endogenous assortative matching institution follows a life cycle process : appearing, growing and then disappearing once a culture of cooperation is suffciently established in the local population.
AKTUALISASI SIKAP KEAGAMAAN DALAM RANAH SOSIAL (Rekonstruksi Peran IPS dalam Pengembangan Sikap Keagamaan)
Authors: Farisi Mohammad Imam
Published: July 2018

: Dalam sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia, setidaknya telah terjadi delapan kali perubahan kurikulum, diantaranya adalah kurikulum 2013 (K-13) yang sekaligus merupakan kurikulum pertama yang memiliki dasar-dasar pemikiran yang progresif. Ini terkait dengan penggunaan filsafat Rekonstruksionisme Sosial dan teori Gestalt sebagai landasan pengembangannya. Atas dasar kedua teori-filsafat itu pula, Kurikulum 2013 mampu mewahanai prinsip keterpaduan, keutuhan, atau integralitas antar-konten atau isi kurikulum; antara konten kurikulum dengan realitas kehidupan; dan berorientasi pada pembentukan pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan fungsional secara terintegrasi. Termasuk integrasi kajian keagamaan di dalam semua mata pelajaran di sekolah. Tulisan ini mengkaji dan mendeskripsikan dimensi-dimensi sikap keagamaan dalam kurikulum 2013, baik dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama, maupun mata-mata pelajaran lain; integrasi kompetensi sikap keagamaan dalam IPS; dan model pengorganisasian pembelajaran IPS-Tematik dalam rangka pembentukan dan aktualisasi sikap keagamaan dalam realitas kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara.

 

Kata kunci: abstrak, esensi penelitian, mesin pencari.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA OTAK KATA TEMA PERTANIAN BAGI SISWA KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Murdhiyaningsih Titik , Reffiane Fine , Purnamasari Iin
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran yang masih cenderung  menggunakan metode ceramah. Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan pada tujuh sekolah  be­lum menyediakan media dan sangat membutuhkan media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui validitas  Media Otak Kata (MEDOKA) dan, mengetahui kepraktisan penggunaan  Media Otak Kata (MEDOKA)   pada Tema Pertanian kelas III Sekolah Dasar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Kelas III SD Negeri Ngablak 0l se­bagai kelas uji coba produk dengan jumlah siswa 30 menggunakan kelompok besar dan kelompok kecil, serta Kelas III SD Negeri Ngablak 02 sebagai kelas uji coba produk dengan jumlah siswa 17. Metode penelitian  yang digunakan adalah  Research and Development atau penelitian pengembangan  menggunakan   ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Hasil analisis pada validasi ahli materi 86,7%, dua ahli media 98,3% , angket tanggapan SD Negeri Ngablak 01 88,46%, SD Negeri Ngablak 02 69,29%, angket guru SD Negeri Ngablak 01 86,6% dan SD Negeri Ngablak 02 69,23%. Menunjukkan MEDOKA valid dan praktis dalam tema pertanian materi energi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pengembangan MEDOKA  praktis dan valid sebagai motivasi, minat, dan keefektifan belajar siswa SD Kelas III. MEDOKA digunakan untuk media pembelajaran yang baru.

 Kata Kunci: R&D; ADDIE;  MEDOKA, pertanian

 
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN CORONG HITUNG TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM MATERI PERKALIAN
Authors: Widi astuti Endah Yuli
Published: July 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Corong Hitung berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen, Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas II SDN Jatiroto 01 Kayen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas II yang berjumlah 20 siswa dengan menggunakan sampel jenuh. Desain penelitian eksperimen menggunakan Pre Experimental Design yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data normalitas tahap awal pretest diperoleh L0 = 0,129 < Ltabel = 0,190 maka H0 diterima dan data berasal dari distribusi normal. Begitupula dengan hasil analisis data normalitas tahap akhir posttest diperoleh L0 = 0,140 < Ltabel = 0,190 maka H0 diterima dan data berasal dari distribusi normal. Selanjutnya perhi­tungan uji t terhadap hasil belajar diperoleh t hitung  = 9,372 > t tabel = 1,729. Maka Hi diterima. Hal ini berarti hasil belajar Matematika Siswa kelas II SDN Jatiroto 01 Kayen mencapai KKM 65 dan hasil perhitungan ketuntasan belajar siswa di kelas mencapai 85 %. Media Pembelajaran Corong Hitung berpengaruh terhadap hasil bela­jar Matematika materi Perkalian siswa kelas II SDN Jatiroto 01.

 

Kata kunci : media pembelajaran corong hitung, hasil belajar matmatika
Navigating Unchartered Waters: A Nursing Perspective on Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Rañola Madelaine B
Published: July 2018

Although Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common form of dementia to Alzheimer’s disease, this more rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder remains largely unknown to the public and is under-recognised by health care professionals.

Early and accurate diagnosis is complicated by many different presentations of the disease which can include a mixture of clinical features seen in both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Motor and cognitive dysfunction as well as behavioural and mood disturbance are common overlapping features. What sets LBD apart however, is the variability and unpredictability of the disease and sensitivity to conventional anti-psychotic medications

The ambiguous nature of LBD places significant stress on caregivers and presents unique challenges for the long-term clinical management of the disease. This paper is aimed at raising awareness of LBD and proposing key nursing interventions to enhance both quality and length of life.
The impact of functional vision changes on independent travel for individuals with adult-onset visual impairment
Authors: Avila Kimberly
Published: July 2018

This study explored experiences with functional vision changes resulting from adult-onset vision conditions. The impact of glare, light-to-dark adaptation, depth perception, night blindness, and contrast sensitivity are examined for the way participants perceive their effects on willingness to engage in independent travel.

Two interviews were conducted with 13 participants. These consisted of structured and semi-structured, open-ended questions to determine the impact of functional vision changes on mobility and pedestrian travel. Qualitative, open and a priori coding was used to derive themes and categories for the most significant functional vision considerations among participants.

This study revealed changes in functional vision impact participants’ perceived safety and were of concern when considering independent travel. Orientation and mobility (O&M) services were denied to some participants who had surrendered driving privileges and were considered vision impaired, but not legally blind, even though issues with functional vision impacted safer travel.

The impact of functional vision changes on individuals with adult-onset vision impairment was found to affect participant mobility. Agencies serving this population can provide clients with safer travel options when all functional vision changes are considered beyond acuity and field of vision loss.
Sero-epidemiology and Risk Factor Analysis of Measles Among Children in Pakistan
Authors: RASOOL MUHAMMAD HIDAYAT , RAFIQ AHSAN , NAWAZ MUHAMMAD ZEESHAN , SHAFIQUE MUHAMMAD , SAQALEIN MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2018

Comparative cross sectional study was conducted on blood samples (n = 231) collected from children of 1 to 10 years of age in Punjab Pakistan through convenient sampling method. Indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) was standardized and used for serodiagnosis and evaluation of humoral immunity against measles. Associated risk factors including age, gender, locale, and vaccination status were analyzed. Geometric mean titre (GMT) of vaccinated individuals was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of non-vaccinated individuals showing that IHA titre of vaccinated individuals was a measure of humoral immune response; whereas, in case of non-vaccinated individuals an indicative of exposure to the measles infection.
Brucella – Virulence Factors, Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: GŁOWACKA PATRYCJA , ŻAKOWSKA DOROTA , NAYLOR KATARZYNA , NIEMCEWICZ MARCIN , BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD AGATA
Published: July 2018

Brucellae are Gram-negative, small rods infecting mammals and capable of causing disease called brucellosis. The infection results in abortion and sterility in domestic animals (sheeps, pigs, rams etc). Especially dangerous for humans are: Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella canis that trigger unspecific symptoms (flu-like manifestation). Brucella rods are introduced via host cells, by inhalation, skin abrasions, ingestion or mucosal membranes. The most important feature of Brucella is the ability to survive and multiply within both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Brucella does not produce classical virulence factors: exotoxin, cytolisins, exoenzymes, plasmids, fimbria, and drug resistant forms. Major virulence factors are: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), T4SS secretion system and BvrR/BvrS system, which allow interaction with host cell surface, formation of an early, late BCV (Brucella Containing Vacuole) and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when the bacteria multiply. The treatment of brucellosis is based on two-drug therapy, the most common combinations of antibiotics are: doxycycline with rifampicin or fluoroquinolones with rifampicin. Currently, also other methods are used to disrupt Brucella intracellular replication (tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ginseng saponin fraction A).
Long-term outcome of children with autism who received different forms of early intervention during their preschool years: a pilot study of 15 young adults
Authors: Jónsdóttir Sigrídur Lóa , Brynjarsdóttir Birta , Saemundsen Evald , Sigurdsson Jón Fridrik
Published: July 2018

Background: Studies on early intervention have reported significant gains for many children with autism. Knowledge on how these children fare in adulthood is limited.

Objective: To examine long-term outcome of children with autism who received different forms of early intervention.

Method: Participants were 15 young people who had all been diagnosed with ICD-10 childhood autism during the preschool years. Five received intervention based on the UCLA model for early intensive behavioral intervention, and 10 received eclectic treatment. Participants were followed from their first autism diagnosis during the preschool years (time 1) to the age of six years (time 2). The participants are now in their twenties (time 3), and at this point in time, information on autism symptoms, co-occurring disorders, quality of life, functioning, participation, adaptive behavior, and overall outcome was gathered from parents. Six of the participants answered questionnaires on quality of life, functioning, and participation.

Results: The groups were comparable on all measures at time 1. Reassessment at time 2 showed that the early intensive behavioral intervention group had made significant gains in IQ, and that autism symptoms had decreased significantly, whereas such changes were not found for the eclectic treatment group. At time 3, most participants had considerable autism symptoms. Approximately half of them had received diagnosis of a co-occurring condition. Their quality of life and adaptive behavior was less favorable than that of the general population, but only a third had “poor” overall outcome. However, at time 3, hardly any differences were found between the groups.

Conclusions: To maintain gains made during the preschool years, appropriate intervention and services may need to be extended into adulthood. These services should take into account the perceived needs of the individual, as expressed by himself/herself and his/her family.
MILK CURD CUTTING TIME DETERMINATION IN CHEESEMAKING
Authors: Smykov I, T.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of manufacture and experimental studies of the use of hot wire method, implemented on standard elements of automation equipment, for online determination of milk curd readiness to cutting in the cheesemaking process. the values of the elastic modulus for different types of cheeses at the moment of milk curd readiness to cutting are determined. the statistical processing of the results of experimental studies was carried out. It is shown that the average value of the elastic modulus at this moment is 1.68 c.u., and the standard deviation is 0.017 c.u. The investigations have been performed to evaluate the effect of the type of enzyme preparation on the milk curd properties and the accuracy of determining the moment of milk curd readiness to cutting, obtained with their use. It is established that the value of the elastic modulus, specific for the moment of milk curd readiness to cutting, will be different for each type of enzyme preparation. The average value of the elastic modulus of the curd at the moment of its readiness to cutting with the use of different types of enzyme preparations can vary from 1.5 to 1.95 c.u., but it is a constant value for each of them. The researches showed that the hot wire method could be used for mechanization and automatization of the industrial manufacture process
CHITIN- AND CHITOSAN BIOSORBENTS FROM CITRIC A CID MYCELIAL INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Authors: Novinyuk L. V. , Kulyov D. K. , Negrutsa I. V. , Velinzon P. Z.
Published: July 2018

The goal of this study is to examine sorption capacity of chitin-glucan (ChGC) and chitosan-glucan (CsGC) biopolymer complexes extracted from the fungus Aspergillus niger mycelium. According to the findings chitosanglucan complex sorbs lead and copper ions (130–140 mg/g) better than chitin-glucan complex (50–80 ex mg/g). Langmuir theoretical model with R2= 0,996 determination coefficient well describe sorption isotherms. It is shown the chelate complex formation compound character based on ion and coordination bonds by chitin and chitosan biopolymers is more complex. According to test results the production of chitin and chitosan containing biopolymers from citric acid production mycelium by-products has a good future.  The above biopolymers have a functional use. Besides of that they sorbs heavy metals and radionuclide ions.
Inoculation and nitrogen management to optimize pulse crop yield and protein
Authors: Jones Clain , Olson-Rutz Kathrin
Published: July 2018

Pulse crops require nitrogen (N) either from the soil or through N gas fixation by rhizobia bacteria in nodules on their roots. This article will discuss the factors affecting nodulation and N fixation, different inoculant types and their effect on yield and protein, starter and rescue N along with the need for other nutrients, and how the economics play out. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/597.
Adsorption of Antimonate, Sulfate, and Phosphate by Goethite: Reversibility and Competitive Effects
Authors: Essington Michael E. , Stewart Melanie A.
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Sb(V) adsorption by goethite decreases with increasing pH and is unaffected by ionic strength.

Sb(V) adsorption is hysteretic.

Adsorbed Sb(V) generates a downward shift in the goethite isoelectric point.

The adsorption of Sb(V) decreases in the presence of phosphate, but is unaffected by sulfate.

Inner sphere mono‐ and bidentate Sb(V) complexation by goethite is predicted.

Goethite is a sink for antimonate Sb(OH)6– [Sb(V)] in soil and sediments. The pH‐ and ionic strength (I)‐dependent mass distribution of Sb(V) between adsorbed and solution phases at equilibrium may be used to indirectly infer an adsorption mechanism (inner vs. outer sphere surface complexation) and to develop predictive surface complexation models. The objectives of this study were to characterize the adsorption of Sb(V) by goethite as a function of pH, I, and in the absence or presence of competing ligands, SO4 or PO4. Ligand adsorption was at a maximum in strongly acidic suspensions and decreased with increasing pH. Adsorption envelopes of Sb(V) where not influenced by I, but increasing I decreased SO4 and increased PO4 retention. In strongly acidic suspensions, SO4 and PO4 retention was not influenced by I. Ligand adsorption decreased the isoelectric point (IEP) of goethite from 8.5 to 6.3 [Sb(V)] and 4 (PO4). The adsorption of SO4 did not affect the IEP, although SO4 reduced the zeta potential of goethite when pH < IEP. Antimonate and PO4 adsorption was hysteretic; SO4 adsorption was reversible. Sulfate did not impact Sb(V) retention; adsorbed Sb(V) generated greater negative surface charge, decreasing SO4 adsorption. Both Sb(V) and PO4 competed for adsorption sites, resulted in reduced retention of both in competitive systems. The triple layer formulation of the charge distribution multisite complexation model, coupled with inner sphere surface complexation, was used to describe the adsorption envelopes for Sb(V), SO4, and PO4, and to predict adsorption in competitive systems.
Theoretical Coupling and Stability of Boronic Acid Adducts with Catecholamines
Authors: Demianenko Eugeniy , Rayevsky Alexey , Soriano-Ursúa Marvin A. , Trujillo-Ferrara José G.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Catecholamines combined with boric/boronic acids are attractive chemical
agents in drug design because some of their adducts have shown interesting biological activity.
Scant information exists about their stability.

Objective:

The aim of the present theoretical study was to explore the role of boron in molecules
that combine catecholamines and boric/boronic acids, with a particular interest in examining
stability.

Method:

The methodology was based on the US GAMESS program using DFT with the B3LYP
exchange-correlation functional and the 6-31G (d,p) split-valence basis set.

Results:

According to the current findings, the boron-containing compounds (BCCs) exhibit weaker
bonding to the hydroxyls on the ethylamine moiety than to those in the aromatic ring. The strongest
binding site of a hydroxyl group was often found to be in meta-position (relative to ethylamine
moiety) for boron-free compounds and in para-position for BCCs. Nonetheless, the methyl substituent
in the amino group was able to induce changes in this pattern. We analyzed feasible boronsubstituted
structures and assessed the relative strength of the respective C-B bonds, which allowed
for the identification of the favorable points for reaction and stability.

Conclusion:

It is feasible to form adducts by bonding on the amine and catechol sides of catecholamines.
The presence of boron stabilizes the adducts in para-position. Since some of these BCCs
are promising therapeutic agents, understanding the mechanisms of reaction is relevant for drug
design.
Determinants of Profitability: Evidence from Brokerage Companies Listed at Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Dahiyat Ahmad
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the factors determining the profitability of the brokerage companies (Brokers) listed at Amman Stock Exchange during the period from 2013 to 2017. The profitability of brokerage companies is measured by Return on Assets (ROA) as a function of broker specific and macroeconomic determinants. Simple regression was also used to analyze the data, examine the relations, and measure the effect of determinants on brokerage companies’ profitability. The findings revealed that assets quality and Capital adequacy have a positive and significant impact on broker profitability. Furthermore, the results of the study show that broker size has a negative (inverse) impact on broker profitability, while the analysis of macroeconomic variables records that economic activity measured by inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has no effect on brokers’ profitability.
RAPID ASSAY DEVELOPMENT OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM COATED TABLET ASSAY USING FTIR COMPARED TO HPLC METHOD
Authors: Nugrahani Ilma , Dillen Novensius
Published: July 2018

Objective: A lot of coated tablet preparations of diclofenac have been marketed. This research aimed to develop and validate a quantitative analysis method for diclofenac sodium coated tablet using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), which never reported.Methods: The quantification was done by measuring the sample spectra, which then was converted into its derivative. Areas under the curve (AUC) of the derivative spectrums were plotted against the concentrations; corresponding to the calibration graphic. Then, the validation method was carried out by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ).Results: The results showed that diclofenac sodium had a specific peak within the wavenumber range of 1550-1605 cm-1. This area showed linearity to concentration within the range 0.1-1.0% w/w, with coefficient correlation of 0.9998. Recovery was found within 98-102% w/w. The intra and inter-day precision showed a coefficient of variance below 2%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.0127% and 0.0424% respectively. Further, a comparative study was performed, between this method and the compendia method using HPLC. The results showed that the measurement method using FTIR has an advantage in terms of time and cost.Conclusion: Based on all data, it is concluded that FTIR can be used as a valid alternative method. It is faster and more cost-effective for diclofenac sodium coated tablet content determination, compared to the compendia method.
EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE AND PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MICROSPHERES AT ACCELERATED CONDITION
Authors: Kar Koyel , Pal R. N. , Nandi Gouranga
Published: July 2018

Objective: The objective of the present work was to conduct accelerated stability study as per international council for harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and to establish shelf life of controlled release dosage form of ropinirole hydrochloride and pramipexole dihydrochloride microspheres for a period of 6 mo.Methods: Most optimized batch of ropinirole hydrochloride and pramipexole dihydrochloride (F12 and M12 respectively) were selected and subjected to exhaustive stability testing by keeping the sample in stability oven for a period of 3 and 6 mo. Various parameters like surface morphology, particle size, drug content, in vitro drug release and shelf life were evaluated at 3 and 6 mo period. The surface morphology of the formulated microspheres was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle size of the microspheres was estimated by optical microscopy method. The drug content was assayed by the help of ultra-violet spectrophotometer (UV). The in vitro drug release was performed by using Paddle II type dissolution apparatus and the filtrate was analyzed by UV spectrophotometer. The shelf life of the optimized microspheres was calculated by using the rate constant value of the zero-order reaction.Results: A minor change was recorded in average particle size of F12 and M12 microspheres after storage for 6 mo. For F12 and M12, initially the particle size was 130.00 µm and 128.92 µm respectively and after 6 mo it was found to be 130.92 µm and 128.99 µm respectively. There was no change in surface morphology of F12 and M12 microspheres after 6 mo of storage. The shape of microspheres remained spherical and smooth after 6 mo. An insignificant difference of drug content was recorded after 6 mo compared to the freshly prepared formulation. For F12 and M12, 94.50% and 93.77% of the drug was present initially and after 6 mo 94.45% and 93.72% of the drug was recorded. In vitro drug release was recorded after 6 mo for F12 and M12. Initially, 97.99% and 97.69% of the drug was released till 14th hour respectively for F12 and M12. After 6 mo, 98.23% and 97.99% of the drug was released respectively. The percentage residual drug content revealed that the degradation of microspheres was low. Considering the initial percentage residual drug content as 100%, 99.94% of the drug was recorded for both F12 and M12. The shelf life for F12 and M12 was found to be 10 y 52 d and 10 y 70 d respectively which were determined by the zero-order kinetic equation.Conclusion: A more or less similar surface morphology, particle size, drug content and percent of drug release before and after stability study confirmed the stability of F12 and M12 microspheres after storage for 6 mo and prove the efficacy of the microspheres in the site-specific delivery of drugs in Parkinson’s disease.