bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social media, social justice? Consideration from a career development perspective
Authors: Staunton Tom
Published: July 2016

Inside the overall context of careers development, this article will explore how social media relates to social justice through exploring two contrasting perspectives. Firstly we will consider the potential of social media to enhance social justice by democratising social life and so address inequalities related to career development. We will secondly consider if social media develops new forms of inequalities in the forms of the network it creates which harm the progression of social justice. It will be argued that these two perspectives coexist, presenting social media as both disrupting and intensifying inequality in society. This will be particularly highlighted through attaching these positions to different schools of thought related to social capital.
Career construction and reduction of psychosocial vulnerability: Intercultural career guidance based on Southern epistemologies
Authors: Fonseca da Silva, Fabiano , Paiva Vera , Ribeiro Marcelo Afonso
Published: July 2016

Latin American theories of career guidance draw heavily on Northern epistemologies, though they articulate with such approaches by taking the context of the global South into consideration. Based on experiences and research conducted in Brazilian public high schools, this article highlights theoretical and practical underpinnings for an approach to intercultural career guidance that addresses psychosocial vulnerability and social unfairness. Inspired by Boaventura de Sousa Santos’s intercultural ideas and by a social constructionist perspective informed by Southern epistemologies, the framework presented in this article expresses a Latin American critical perspective and aims to make a contribution to the social justice agenda, as an alternative to traditional goals of ‘adjusting’ and ‘adapting’ to careers, or ‘educating’ for them.
A focus on educational choice has social justice consequences - an empirical study informed by Sen’s capability approach
Authors: Skovhus Randi Boelskifte
Published: July 2016

This article demonstrates that in Denmark there  is considerable focus on educational and career choices during the last year of lower-secondary school, and investigates the possibility of using Amartya Sen’s capability approach as a lens to analyse this focus. It is argued that attention to the processes occurring before choices are made is of central importance, as these help to give students a genuine opportunity to choose from a broader range of options. This consideration is important from a social-justice perspective even if students end up choosing what they would have chosen without broader knowledge and reflection.
A edificação do Centro de Educação e Memória do Atheneu Sergipense
Authors: Alves Eva Maria Siqueira
Published: July 2016

O foco central do presente trabalho consiste em expor as diversas fases e ações da edificação do Centro de Educação e Memória do Atheneu Sergipense – CEMAS, visando responder as questões: o que um arquivo escolar produz? Que tipo de documentos e em qual local estão “guardados”? A divisão metodológica inicia pelo momento anterior à sua criação, passando pelo período de mais intensos afazeres com a identificação, limpeza e catalogação do acervo, a etapa de disseminação das ações com a produção científica, a fase atual com parte do acervo digitalizada e a produção dos guias de fontes, até a projeção futura de novas atuações. As vozes silenciadas da memória educacional sergipana começaram a falar...
Farey Sequences and the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Cox Darrell
Published: July 2016

Relationships between the Farey sequence and the Riemann hypothesis other than the Franel-Landau theorem are discussed. Whether a function similar to Chebyshev’s second function is square-root close to a line having a slope different from 1 is discussed. The nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function can be used to approximate many functions in analytic number theory. For example, it could be said that the nontrival zeta function zeros and the Möbius function generate in essence the same function - the Mertens function. A different approach is to start with a sequence that is analogous to the nontrivial zeros of the zeta function and follow the same procedure with both this sequence and the nontrivial zeros of the zeta function to generate in essence the same function. A procedure for generating such a function is given.
MERIDIONAL AND ZONAL WAVENUMBER DEPENDENCE IN POTENTIAL VORTICITY FLUX IN ROSSBY WAVES
Authors: Balasuriya Sanjeeva
Published: July 2016

Eddy-driven jets are of importance in the ocean and atmosphere, and to a first approximation are governed by Rossby wave dynamics. This study addresses the time-dependent flux of fluid and potential vorticity between such a jet and an adjacent eddy, with specific regard to determining zonal and meridional wavenumber dependence. The flux amplitude in wavenumber space is obtained, which is easily computable for a given jet geometry, speed and latitude, and which provides instant information on the wavenumbers of the Rossby waves which maximize the flux. This new tool enables the quick determination of which modes are most influential in imparting fluid exchange, which in the long term will homogenize the potential vorticity between the eddy and the jet. The results are validated by computing backward- and forward-time finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields, and also stable and unstable manifolds; the intermingling of these entities defines the region of chaotic transport between the eddy and the jet. The relationship of all of these to the time-varying transport flux between the eddy and the jet is carefully elucidated. The flux quantification presented here works for general time-dependence, whether or not lobes (intersection regions between stable and unstable manifolds) are present in the mixing region, and is therefore also easily computable for wave packets consisting of infinitely many wavenumbers.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF WETLAND ECOSYSTEM (IN CASE OF LAKE ZIWAY)
Authors: Gebremedhin Gezahegne , Belliethathan Satishkumer
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

This study focused for socio-economic benefit of Western shoreline of Lake Ziway ecosystem. The data collected from two woredas they are Adami Tulu Jidu Kombolch (ATJK) and Dugda woreda of fishermen and small scale irrigation users. Lake Ziway great importance food and water for both groups of respondents and additionally sources of raw material, energy, cultivation, organic fertilizers, genetic and medicinal plants. Lake Ziway also has a major economic benefit for both groups of respondents. The sampled fishermen cached mean amount of 2,524Kg per year with minimum and maximum amount of fish 504Kg and 16,800Kg per year respectively and with this fish catching they got average income of 51,398 Birr ($2,570) per year with range of 7,200 Birr ($360) and 288,000 Birr ($14,400) per year. As like of fishermen small scale irrigation also got economic benefit with their production of cereal crops, fruits and vegetables. They produce in average 13.47Quintal of cereal crop and 69.56Quintal of fruits and vegetables per year and they got average income of 7,727 Birr ($386) and with range of 13,714 Birr ($686) per year respectively. this incurred that wetland ecosystem has a lot of socio-economic benefit for the people live near by specially for developing countries like Ethiopia they are more dependent on natural ecosystem like of Lake Ziway. Because of its high importance, we have to protect and conserve and use sustainably of Lake Ziway and similar wetland ecosystems.

Key Words: Wetland ecosystem service; Lake Ziway; Socioeconomic benefit; Fishermen; Small scale irrigation users
Testing Ststistical Hypothesis in Light of Mathematical Aspects in Analysis of Probability
Authors: Fundator Michael
Published: July 2016

The philosophy of testing statistical hypothesis is a natural consequence and functional

extension of mathematical analysis of Probability. Along with the concept of recurrence when

applied to random sequences and functions, it leads to the analysis of a priori and posterior which

implies testing statistical hypothesis. Testing statistical hypothesis also involves algebraic,

functional and dimensional considerations, which are found in the works of Laplace. Aspects of

mathematical analysis such as universality of solutions, Laws of Large Numbers, Entropy,

Information, and various functional dependencies are the main factors explained in the five

properties that lead to implication of testing statistical hypothesis. Various interesting examples

with modern scientific significance from genetics, astrophysics, and other areas give

methodological access to answers of different problems and phenomena which are involved in the

logic of testing statistical hypothesis.
Evaluation Nutritients Of Rice Bran Second Quality Fermented Using Rumen Fluid
Authors: Ermalia Ayu Afria ulita
Published: July 2016

Rice bran is agriculture  waste that easy to find. Means to increase biological value of rice bran can do with decrease of highly crude fiber. Treatment that to do with fermentation use rumen fluid from cows. Rumen fluid potential is easy to find in slaughterhouse, this rumen fluid much to never utilization. This purpose of the research for evaluation of rice bran nutrition value that fermentating used rumen fluid, with different levels and long time incubations for get lower crude fiber and higher crude protein content. Methods of this research used Laboratory experiments with Factorial-Random Complete Design 4x4 and 6 repetitions. First factor is rumen fluid levels (0, 30, 40, 50 %/w) and second factor is long incubations (0, 24, 48, 72 hours). This result  of ANOVA analysis to show that increment rumen fluid levels and long incubations on rice bran fermentating process can decrease Dry Matter, Organic Matter, Crude Fiber, NDF, ADF and NDR content; as well as increase Crude Protein content but not increase Crude Fat content. The best interaction between rumen fluid levels and long time incubations  is 30 %/w with 72 hours long time incubations, with 10.28±0.1 % of Crude Protein, 6.46±0.07 of Crude Fat and 22.31±0.4 of Crude Fiber content.
Mutu Keju Putih Rendah Lemak Diproduksi Dengan Bahan Baku Susu Modifikasi
Authors: Abubakar Abubakar
Published: July 2016

This research was conducted to investigate the quality of low-fat white cheese produced using raw material of modified milk. Five treatments applied were (A1) Using reduced fat (60%) milk, (A2) Using emulsion of corn oil in skim milk (replacing milk fat with corn oil), (A3) Using emulsion of corn oil in skim milk and addition of whey protein concentrate (replacing milk fat with corn oil and the addition of whey protein concentrate=WPC), (A4) Using skim milk and water emulsion oil in water, and (A5) replacing milk fat with corn oil and the addition of probiotic (Lactobacillus casei). Each treatment was replicated three times. The selected that skim milk in corn oil emulsion with the addition of probiotics, the results showed had cheese quality characteristics as follow: yield 12.94±0.16%, hardnes 48.07±10.12 g, softness 8.51±0.54 kg/s, moisture content 50.37±1.60%, ash content 7.38±1.75% (dry matter), fat content 41.06±6.07% (dry matter), protein content 37.85±3.25% (dry matter), phosphorus content 346.62±25.61 mg/100g (dry matter), calcium content 860.78±87.91 mg/100g (dry matter), white color, regular texture, not flavorfull, salty taste, soft texture, elastic, ordinary preference acceptance.
Evaluation of Eleven Industrial Hemp Cultivars Grown in Eastern Canada
Authors: Aubin Marie‐Pier , Seguin Philippe , Vanasse Anne , Lalonde Olivier , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Mustafa Arif F. , Charron Jean‐Benoit
Published: July 2016

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose crop for which there is growing interest in Canada. There is, however, currently limited information on the adaptation and production potential of government approved cultivars in eastern Canada. Eleven cultivars were evaluated in terms of biomass and seed yields and composition, when grown in seven contrasted environments in the province of Québec. Dry matter yields varied considerably across cultivars and environments, ranging between 172 and 8837 kg ha−1 (average of 3226 kg ha−1) for biomass, and between 47 and 3781 kg ha−1 (average of 1315 kg ha−1) for seeds. Despite the presence of cultivar × environment interactions for both biomass and seed yields, the cultivars Anka, Ferimon, and Jutta consistently produced high yields across environments. Averaged across environments, these cultivars respectively had biomass and seed yields of 4591 and 1397, 5827, and 1878, and 4096 and 1408 kg DM ha−1. Limited variation was observed among cultivars in terms of composition. Cellulose was the largest biomass constituent (average of 562 g kg−1 DM across cultivars and environments), followed by hemicellulose and lignin (averages of 123 and 93 g kg−1 DM, respectively), while seed crude protein (CP) and oil (ether extract) concentrations averaged 237 and 288 g kg−1 DM, respectively. Considerable variation in yield potential and adaptation were observed among the cultivars of industrial hemp evaluated in the province of Québec; while biomass yields were moderate, the seed yield potential appears to be high locally compared to western Canada.

Core Ideas

Biomass and seed dry matter yields of the 11 industrial hemp cultivars evaluated varied considerably across cultivars and environments.

Despite the presence of cultivar × environment interactions for biomass and seed yields, some cultivars consistently produced high yields of both biomass and seeds.

Limited variation was observed among cultivars in terms of biomass and seed chemical composition.
How to Control the Lysimeter Bottom Boundary to Investigate the Effect of Climate Change on Soil Processes?
Authors: Groh Jannis , Vanderborght Jan , Pütz Thomas , Vereecken Harry
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas

The water flux in lysimeters with a tension‐controlled bottom boundary depends strongly on the applied pressure head.

The surrounding subsurface conditions have a significant influence on the measured pressure heads that are used to control the bottom boundary of transferred lysimeters.

Use of nonappropriate water table depths and soil textural properties which do not correspond to the conditions where the lysimeter originated can lead to large differences in soil water fluxes.

The control of the bottom boundary of transferred lysimeters should be managed by measured pressure heads from the site where the lysimeter was taken from in order to enable a direct comparison of changes in soils and to investigate the effect of climate change on soil processes and soil functions.

A dynamic tension‐controlled bottom boundary of lysimeters allows observing water and matter fluxes in lysimeters that are close to natural field conditions, as pressure heads at the lysimeter bottom are adjusted to measured pressure heads at the same depth in the surrounding field. However lysimeters are often transferred from their sampling location for practical reasons or to study, for example, the effect of climate change on soil functions. This transfer can be accompanied by a change aboveground but also in subsurface conditions that are used to control the bottom boundary and that may affect the soil water balance of lysimeters. This issue is also relevant for lysimeter stations which use a tension‐controlled bottom boundary and are not directly installed near the site of excavation. The potential impact of different bottom boundary conditions on the water balance of lysimeters that were transferred in a climate impact experiment (SOILCan) was investigated exemplarily by a numerical study. Results showed that by using nonappropriate pressure heads, which were measured in soil profiles with a different texture and water table depth than the profile where the lysimeter was taken from, had partially large impacts on soil water fluxes, especially when the water table was located within a specific critical range. Different climate conditions between sampling and installation site were buffered by the soil and did not show a strong influence on the bottom boundary control of lysimeters when the groundwater table depth was assumed to remain constant. Considering a change in groundwater table depths due to changing climate tempered the effects of climate change on the soil water balance terms. In general, results demonstrate the importance of a proper control of the lysimeters bottom boundary conditions in studies that investigate the influence of climate change on soil functions and ecosystem variables by transferring lysimeter along climate gradients.
Laser Irradiation Effect on the Optical Band Gap of Se96-xTe4Hgx Thin Films
Authors: Bahishti Adam A , Uddin Islam , Zulfequar M , Alharbi T
Published: July 2016

The effect of laser irradiation on the optical band gap of Se96-xTe4Hgx thin films has been studied. Thin films of thickness 300 nm have been deposited on glass substrate by using thermal evaporation technique. The result shows that irradiation causes a red shift in the absorption edge and hence optical band gap decreases with increasing irradiation time. The results have been analyzed on the basis of laser irradiation-induced defects in the film. Furthermore, optical band gap has found to decrease by increasing mercury concentration and optical band gap decreases rapidly with a higher concentration of mercury.
Forecasting sea level changes applying data mining techniques to the Cristobal Bay time series, Panama
Authors: Simmonds José A. , Gómez Juan A. , Ledezma Agapito
Published: July 2016

Time series forecasting using data mining models applied to various time sequence data of a wide variety of domains has been well documented. In this work, time series of water level data recorded every hour at ‘Cristobal Bay’ in Panama during the years 1909–1980 are employed to construct a model(s) that can be suitable for predicting changes in sea level patterns. Four time lag assemblages of variable combinations of the time series information are fully explored to identify the optimal combinations for the dataset using a data mining tool. The results, based on the assessment using time series of Cristobal data, show that in general using cross-validation and a longer time lag period of the time series led to more accurate forecasting of the model than that of a shorter lag period of the time series. The study also suggests that data mining techniques using cross-validation and the aid of an attribute evaluator can be effectively used in modeling time series for changes in sea level at coastal areas, and changes in ecosystems that by their nature are characterized by nonlinearity and presentation of chaotic climatic changes in their physical behavior.
Towards sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene technology use in sub-Saharan Africa: the Learning Alliance approach
Authors: Taylor S. , Asimah S. A. , Buamah R. , Nyarko K. , Sekuma S. P. , Coulibaly Y. N. , Wozuame A. , Jeffrey P. , Parker A. H.
Published: July 2016

To extend water, sanitation and hygiene services to all, technological innovations are required which take into account a diverse range of stakeholder perspectives. We report the experiences of an intervention which sought to build capacity in the assessment and introduction of technologies in Uganda, Ghana and Burkina Faso by developing the Technology Applicability Framework (TAF), a tool which culminates in a multi-stakeholder scoring workshop. The project also used Learning Alliances to build capacity around technology introduction. This paper explores how stakeholder attitudes changed through the project and evaluates the Learning Alliance approach. It finds that whilst the intervention did manage to connect stakeholders in a novel way, uptake of the TAF may be hampered by a lack of government involvement in the earliest stages of the project.
The operational efficiency of a novel AnMBR treating antibiotic solvent wastewater in start-up stage
Authors: Hu Dongxue , Tian Yu , Wang Zhijiang , Wu Pan , Wang Peier , Chen Zhaobo , Cui Yubo , Ge Hui
Published: July 2016

The performance of a novel anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for treating antibiotic solvent wastewater was investigated in the start-up stage. The removal efficiencies of the four tested antibiotics were over 90%, mainly attributed to the biological process. Volatile fatty acid increased along with anaerobic sludge acclimation. pH (mean value 7.5) and a (mean value 0.12) remained stable. Mixed liquid suspended solids and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids increased along with the sludge acclimation as well. The protein and polysaccharide in suspended sludge decreased, while the protein/polysaccharide in exopolysaccharides increased. Microbial community analysis showed the abundance of Methanosarcina spp. fluctuated over time and was finally stable at 17%. The abundance of Methanosaeta spp. increased significantly. There are two kinds of hydrogen producing methane producing microorganisms (Methanobacteriales and Methanomicrobiales) in AnMBR. Methanobacteriales was the dominant methanogenus. These results indicate that an AnMBR can effectively treat antibiotic solvent wastewater in the start-up period.
Adsorption characteristics of Bisphenol-A on tailored activated carbon in aqueous solutions
Authors: Yan Liang , Lv Di , Huang Xinwen , Shi Huixiang , Zhang Geshan
Published: July 2016

The adsorption behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care product, Bisphenol-A (BPA), according to four coal-based and four wood-based granular activated carbons modified using outgassing treatment, acidic treatment or alkaline treatment was studied. The adsorption isotherm results indicated that carbon surface acidity played a very important role in the adsorption of BPA. It was found that increasing surface acidity would increase the hydrogen bonding effects and increase adsorption of BPA on activated carbon. The acidic modified sample (F600-A and OLC-A) represented the best adsorption capacity, and the equilibrium adsorption amounts reached 346.42 and 338.55 mg/g, respectively. Further, effects of surface charge and surface basicity were examined. It was found that the adsorbed amount of BPA decreased with the increase of surface charge. Finally, there appeared to be a significant oligomerization phenomenon with BPA molecules onto the surface of activated carbon. OLC and OLC-OG, which have higher micropore percentages, are very effective in hampering the oligomerization of BPA under oxic conditions.
Magnetically modified biochar for organic xenobiotics removal
Authors: Šafařík Ivo , Maděrová Zdenka , Pospíšková Kristýna , Schmidt Hans-Peter , Baldíková Eva , Filip Jan , Křížek Michal , Malina Ondřej , Šafaříková Mirka
Published: July 2016

Large amounts of biochar are produced worldwide for potential agricultural applications. However, this material can also be used as an efficient biosorbent for xenobiotics removal. In this work, biochar was magnetically modified using microwave-synthesized magnetic iron oxide particles. This new type of a magnetically responsive biocomposite material can be easily separated by means of strong permanent magnets. Magnetic biochar has been used as an inexpensive magnetic adsorbent for the removal of water-soluble dyes. Five dyes (malachite green, methyl green, Bismarck brown Y, acridine orange and Nile blue A) were used to study the adsorption process. The dyes adsorption could be usually described with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities reached the value 137 mg of dye per g of dried magnetically modified biochar for Bismarck brown Y. The adsorption processes followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the thermodynamic studies indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. Extremely simple magnetic modification of biochar resulted in the formation of a new, promising adsorbent suggested for selected xenobiotics removal.
Characterization and biodegradability of sludge from a high rate A-stage contact tank and B-stage membrane bioreactor of a pilot-scale AB system treating municipal wastewaters
Authors: Trzcinski Antoine Prandota , Ganda Lily , Kunacheva Chinagarn , Zhang Dong Qing , Lin Li Leonard , Tao Guihe , Lee Yingjie , Ng Wun Jern
Published: July 2016

In light of global warming mitigation efforts, increasing sludge disposal costs, and need for reduction in the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants, innovation in treatment technology has been tailored towards energy self-sufficiency. The AB process is a promising technology for achieving maximal energy recovery from wastewaters with minimum energy expenditure and therefore inherently reducing excess sludge production. Characterization of this novel sludge and its comparison with the more conventional B-stage sludge are necessary for a deeper understanding of AB treatment process design. This paper presents a case study of a pilot-scale AB system treating municipal wastewaters as well as a bio- (biochemical methane potential and adenosine tri-phosphate analysis) and physico-chemical properties (chemical oxygen demand, sludge volume index, dewaterability, calorific value, zeta potential and particle size distribution) comparison of the organic-rich A-stage against the B-stage activated sludge. Compared to the B-sludge, the A-sludge yielded 1.4 to 4.9 times more methane throughout the 62-week operation.
Paralisia facial periférica de Bell: atualização do tratamento
Authors: Silva Igor Henrique Balandino , Lopes Tiago De Souza , Motta Elisa Nocchi de Mello , Deveras Juliane Lemos Araújo , Côrtes Paula Corrêa , Marques Carla Carvalho Silva , Rosa Clara Régia de Sousa , Silva Vinicius Florentino da , Pereira Ana Beatriz Calmon Nogueira da Gama
Published: July 2016

A paralisia facial periférica (PFP) caracteriza-se pela interrupção, temporária ou não, dos movimentos da musculatura facial, sendo a Paralisia de Bell (PB) a mais prevalente. Afeta ambos os sexos; as hemifaces são acometidas com a mesma frequência; a incidência é maior após 70 anos e menor em indivíduos com menos de 10 anos. A PFP pode estar associada à otite média aguda e o vírus Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1). Objetivo: Analisar e revisar retrospectivamente os principais tópicos relacionados à PB, enfatizando a atualização do tratamento. Metodologia: Levantamento bibliográfico retrospectivo publicado durante o período de 2005 a 2010. Os artigos foram analisados e apresentados de forma descritiva sob o aspecto medicamentoso, fisioterápico e fonoaudiológico do tratamento. Conclusão: Ocorre benefício terapêutico com o uso de prednisolona juntamente com o valaciclovir no momento do diagnóstico da paralisia. Ainda assim o tratamento da PB necessita de mais estudos para uma melhor abordagem terapêutica.
A Clinical Trial of a Microcrystalline Cellulose Topical Nasal Spray on the Acute Response to Allergen Challenge
Authors: Lansberg Marianella Paz , DeTineo Marcy , Lane James , Pinto Jayant M. , Baroody Fuad M. , Naclerio Robert M.
Published: July 2016

Background

Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder that leads to a negative impact on quality of life. Multiple options are available for treatment of the symptoms, but preventing the reaction should be an effective strategy.

Objective

We tested a nasal spray that contained microcrystalline cellulose designed to limit airborne allergens from penetrating the nasal mucosa (nasal blocker) and, therefore, prevent the initiation of the allergic reaction.

Methods

We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover clinical trial with 20 subjects who had a history of seasonal grass and/or ragweed allergy symptoms. Each subject underwent two separate nasal challenges with antigen (provocations) after application of the investigational product or placebo to both nostrils. The allergen was delivered into one nostril at a time and was administered at 2-hour intervals (identified as challenge 1 and challenge 2). We assessed peak nasal inspiratory flow and total nasal symptoms as well as the number of sneezes recorded at both 15-minute and 1-hour intervals after challenge 1 and, later, challenge 2. After a washout period, the subjects returned to undergo the alternate therapy.

Results

There was a significant overall decrease in peak nasal inspiratory flow after both treatments (investigational product, p = 0.005; placebo, p = 0.001), but, when the average of the change from baseline in peak nasal inspiratory flow was compared with the baseline, the results showed no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.31). Similar results were obtained for total nasal symptoms.

Conclusion

The investigational product did not prove to be significantly better than placebo in treating seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Secondary to Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Long-term Outcomes of Endoscopic Repairs
Authors: Campbell Raewynn G. , Farquhar Douglas , Zhao Nina , Chiu Alexander G. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N.
Published: July 2016

Background

Endoscopic endonasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri or benign intracranial hypertension, has varying success rates, from 25–87%, with minimal morbidity. However, often these series have a relatively short-term follow-up. Given the pathophysiology of IIH, long-term follow-up is necessary to identify true CSF leak recurrence rates. Our investigation aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes in endoscopically repaired CSF leaks.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all the patients with CSF rhinorrhea due to IIH who met inclusion criteria between 1996 and 2009. Outcome measures included the following: demographics, intracranial pressure, location of skull base defect, presence of encephalocele and/or meningoencephalocele, surgical repair technique, treatment with acetazolamide, whether a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted, location of recurrence, history of meningitis or previous sinus surgery, and duration of follow-up.

Results

Thirty-two patients with a total of 44 skull base defects were reviewed over a mean follow-up of 10.2 years. The mean body mass index and intracranial pressure were 36.8 kg/m2 and 27.7 cm H2O, respectively. Seven patients (18%) required revision surgery at the same site or a distant site. We found no statistical significance that identified the recurrence risk in the outcome measurements most likely due to our small failure rate. However, early recurrences were noted to recur at the same repair site, whereas late recurrences were noted to recur at a distant site along the skull base.

Conclusion

IIH is an increasingly recognized entity treated by otorhinolaryngologists. We present the first long-term IIH CSF leak repair series. Long-term follow-up is necessary because delayed CSF leaks occur in this population.
Complications of Sinusitis
Authors: Carr Tara F.
Published: July 2016

Background

Sinusitis is a common disorder associated with significant patient symptomatology that adversely affects quality of life. Sinusitis can cause further morbidity and mortality through its impact on comorbid disorders, progression of inflammation, and extension of infection.

Objective

This review highlights common complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Results

ABRS is complicated by orbital infections, such as pre- or postseptal cellulitis, and by intracranial infections, including abscesses of the epidural and subdural spaces. CRS can contribute to asthma, sleep disordered breathing, and smell disorders. CRS can be complicated by development of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis or deformity of surrounding bony structures. Fungal complications contribute to morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion

Complications of ABRS, although relatively rare, can cause significant morbidity and mortality, and must be promptly recognized. CRS commonly complicates or drives comorbid diseases, which adversely impacts quality of life. Treatment of these complications often requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.
Three-dimensional Printing of Large Nasal Septal Perforations for Optimal Prosthetic Closure
Authors: Altunay Zeynep Onerci , Bly Joseph A. , Edwards Philip K. , Holmes David R. , Hamilton Grant S. , O'Brien Erin K. , Carr Alan B. , Camp Jon J. , Stokken Janalee K. , Pallanch John F.
Published: July 2016

Background

Since 1972, patients with large nasal perforations, who were symptomatic, and who were not candidates for surgery, had the option of custom prosthetic closure at Mayo Clinic. Although septal prostheses have helped many patients, 27% of pre-1982 patients chose not to keep the prosthesis in place. Two-dimensional computed tomography (CT) sizing resulted in more of the patients choosing to retain the prosthesis. The introduction of three-dimensional (3-D) printing to the sizing process offered the potential of further improved retention by refinement in prosthesis fit.

Objective

To describe the fabrication of nasal septal prostheses by using 3-D printing for sizing and to compare the retention rate of 3-D-sized prostheses with those that used previous sizing methods.

Methods

Twenty-one consecutive patients who had placement of septal prostheses sized by using 3-D printed templates were studied. CT image data were used to print 3-D templates of the exact shape of the patient's septal perforation, and medical-grade silastic prostheses were fabricated to fit. In four cases, the 3-D printed template allowed preoperative surgical simulation. Metrics collected included prosthesis retention; symptoms, including intranasal crusting and epistaxis; and previous prosthetic closure failures.

Results

Twenty of the twenty-one patients had improvement in symptoms. The mean diameter of the perforations was 2.4 cm; the mean closure time by the end of the study period was 2.2 years. All but two patients chose to keep their prosthesis in place, for a retention rate of 90%. Seven patients with successful closure had failed previously with prior prosthesis sized without the current 3-D printing methodology. This 90% retention rate exceeded the previous rates before the introduction of 3-D sizing.

Conclusion

Sizing done by 3-D printing for prosthetic closure of nasal septal perforations resulted in a higher retention rate in helping patients with these most-challenging nasal septal perforations.
Programmed Vaccination May Increase the Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Diseases
Authors: Zhang Jun-Li , Ma Zhuang , Sun Wen-Wu , Cao Jian-Ping , Wang Zhong-Hua , Cui Hai-Yang
Published: July 2016

Background

The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has risen in recent decades. The etiology of asthma and allergic diseases has not been entirely elucidated.

Objective

In this study, we investigated the possibility that programmed vaccination in China may have a potential role in asthma and allergic diseases.

Methods

In this animal model, newborn BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: vaccine plus ovalbumin (OVA), OVA, and control. The mice of vaccine plus OVA only group were inoculated with vaccines by following the National Vaccines Inoculation Program in China. Mice of vaccine plus OVA and OVA only groups were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed by lung function and serum interleukin (ILL) 4 and interferon (IFN) γ were measured.

Results

The results of lung function showed that mice of the vaccine plus OVA group exhibited an increase in enhanced pause (Penh) compared with that in the OVA group at methacholine concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL (p < 0.05). Serum IL-4 in the vaccine plus OVA group was higher than that in the OVA group (p < 0.01). The serum IFN-γ level in the OVA group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.01), and also lower than that in the vaccine plus OVA group (p < 0.05). The ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4 both in the OVA and vaccine plus OVA group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Results of our study indicated that programmed vaccination in China may have a potential role in the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases by inducing T-helper 2 cytokine expression and may be responsible for the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in China.
Managing Anaphylaxis in the Office Setting
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Wallace Dana , Muluk Nuray Bayar , Ebisawa Motohiro , Castells Mariana , Şahin Ethem , Altintoprak Niyazi
Published: July 2016

Background

Although the definition of anaphylaxis for clinical use may vary by professional health care organizations and individuals, the definition consistently includes the concepts of a serious, generalized or systemic, allergic or hypersensitivity reaction that can be life-threatening or even fatal.

Methods

In this review, we presented the important topics in the treatment of anaphylaxis in the office setting. This review will discuss triggers and risk factors, clinical diagnosis, and management of anaphylaxis in the office setting.

Results

Anaphylaxis in the office setting is a medical emergency. It, therefore, is important to prepare for it, to have a posted, written anaphylaxis emergency protocol, and to rehearse the plan regularly. In this review, we presented the important steps in managing anaphylaxis in the office. Treatment of anaphylaxis should start with epinephrine administered intramuscularly at the first sign of anaphylaxis. Oxygen and intravenous fluids may be needed for moderate-to-severe anaphylaxis or anaphylaxis that is quickly developing or if the patient is unresponsive to the first injection of epinephrine. Antihistamine therapy is considered adjunctive to epinephrine, which mainly relieves itching and urticaria. Corticosteroids, with an onset of action of 4–6 hours, have no immediate effect on anaphylaxis.

Conclusion

To prevent near-fatal and fatal reactions from anaphylaxis, the patient, the family, and the physician must remember to follow the necessary steps when treating anaphylaxis. In anaphylaxis, there is no absolute contraindication for epinephrine.
Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartomas: An Increasingly Common Diagnosis in the Setting of Nasal Polyps
Authors: Davison Wesley L. , Pearlman Aaron N. , Donatelli Luke A. , Conley Lindsey M.
Published: July 2016

Background

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAH) are benign nose neoplasms found in the nasal cavity and sinuses. Symptoms include anosmia, nasal obstruction, facial pressure, and rhinorrhea. Although previously thought to be rare, these tumors are being increasingly recognized on pathology in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. However, REAH is difficult to diagnose before surgery because it may mimic other entities, such as nasal polyps or inverted papilloma, and is often found incidentally only after surgery.

Objective

The aims of this study were to (1) add an additional case series of REAH to the literature, (2) report unique imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) pool and summarize all available data from existing publications.

Methods

Retrospective chart review from years 2004 to 2015 and a literature review

Results

Twenty-three cases were found in our case series, which included 12 men (52%) and 11 women (48%), with a mean age of 59 years. No cases were found before 2007. Lund-Mackay scores were comparable with those found in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. Imaging consistently demonstrated a discoid-shaped mass at the olfactory cleft. Fifty previous publications were found (4 prospective, 11 retrospective studies, 9 case series, 26 cases reports), which included 660 patients diagnosed with REAH. Pooled data revealed a mean age of 54 years (range, 9–86 years) and a male to female ratio of 3:2.

Conclusion

The results of our study further refined the average age at which REAH diagnosis occurs as 54 years old, although it may occur at any age. There is a clear male-to-female predominance (3:2). In addition, olfactory cleft widening and discoid soft tissue at the olfactory cleft are hallmark radiographic findings. The vast majority of published cases occurred during the past 4 years, which indicated increased recognition of REAH.
New Allergen Sensitization Might be Associated with Increased Body Mass Index in Children
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Kim Jeong Hong , Lee Keun-Hwa , Hong Seong-Chul , Lee Hye-Sook , Kang Ju Wan
Published: July 2016

Background

Results of previous studies have shown a relationship between obesity and allergic diseases. However, concrete evidence about the association between obesity and allergies has been lacking.

Objective

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential association between body mass index (BMI) and the change in sensitization on skin-prick tests in children over a 2-year follow-up period.

Methods

Children in first and second grade from six elementary schools were recruited in 2010. The same participants, now in third and fourth grade, were recruited again in 2012. The enrolled children underwent skin-prick tests and physical examinations in 2010 and again in 2012.

Results

Four hundred fourteen children (boys to girls, 208 to 206) were included. Among 414 participants, 73 children showed new sensitization and 24 children showed negative conversion of allergic sensitization after 2 years. One hundred sixty-one children showed positive results on both tests, and 156 children showed negative results on both tests. The mean (standard deviation) change in BMI (1.09 ± 1.81 kg/m2) over a 2-year follow-up in newly sensitized children was significantly greater than that of other groups (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Children who became newly sensitized to allergens tended to exhibit significant increases in BMI. Therefore, further evaluation of the relationship between obesity and allergy is needed.
Burden of Illness: A Systematic Review of Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Gage Selby E. , Kohli Preeti , Soler Zachary M.
Published: July 2016

Background

Depression has been reported in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but its prevalence varies across studies, and uncertainty remains regarding the association with baseline disease severity and treatment outcomes.

Objective

To systematically assess the prevalence of depression in CRS and to review its relationship to baseline disease severity and outcomes after treatment.

Methods

A systematic review of the prevalence of possible depression was performed by using the available methods to diagnose depression, and the results were pooled. Studies that examined the relationship of depression on baseline disease severity and treatment outcomes were organized and reported individually.

Results

Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria for prevalence analysis. The prevalence of possible or likely depression in patients with CRS ranged from 11.0 to 40.0%, depending on the method of diagnosis and sensitivity of various depression instruments. Positive depression screening was consistently associated with worse CRS-specific quality of life (QOL), medication usage, and health care utilization, but there were no reliable CRS-specific factors to predict the presence of depression. Patients with possible depression who underwent medical or surgical treatment for CRS tended to have improvements in CRS-specific QOL but did not achieve the same degree of QOL as patients who were not depressed. Depression-specific QOL seemed to improve after treatment for CRS.

Conclusion

Positive depression screening was common in patients with CRS and had a negative association on the entire spectrum of QOL, health care utilization, and productivity. CRS-specific treatments were still beneficial in patients who seemed to be depressed and improved both depression-specific and CRS-specific QOL.
Birth of a healthy baby from abdominal pregnancy, a rare event: A case report
Authors: Akhtar Nahreen , Begum Firoza , Parveen Tabassum , Sayeeda Syeda , Karim Sabina
Published: July 2016

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy with very high morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the fetus. Diagnosis and management can pose some difficulties especially in low resource centres. High index of suspi­cious is vital in making prompt diagnosis in such situations. A young lady of 30 years presented with 2nd gravida at 31 wks pregnancy with pain in the whole abdomen having loose motion admitted in Dept of Obs and Gynae BSMMU. She was diagnosed as a case of 31 wks pregnancy with gastroenteritis. She was treated conservatively according to advice of gastroenterologist and was discharged after improvement. Patient was readmitted again with pervaginal watery discharge. Decision for cesarean section was taken because of transverse lie, fetal growth restriction with severe oligohydramnios. After opening the abdomen, abdominal pregnancy was diagnosed. Following delivery of the baby significant bleeding started which was secured with ligature. Placenta was kept in situ. Mother and baby were discharged healthy on fourteenth postoperative day.
Cybersecurity in the Clinical Setting: Nurses' Role in the Expanding “Internet of Things”
Authors: Billingsley Luanne , McKee Shawn A.
Published: July 2016

Nurses face growing complexity in their work. The expanding “Internet of Things” with “smart” technologies can reduce the burden. However, equipment and devices that connect to patients, the network, or to the Internet can be exploited by hackers. Nurses should be able to identify, understand, and protect against cybersecurity risks to safeguard patients.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2016;47(8):347–349.
Administrer le CNRS... toute une histoire! Le CNRS dans les années quatre-vingt-dix: une stratégie et des programmes
Authors: Bordé Jacques , Sevin Jacques
Published: July 2016

Après avoir rappelé la place de la réflexion stratégique au CNRS dans les années 1980, nous présentons et le contexte de la politique scientifique et l’élan donné par le schéma stratégique en 1993. Les notions de recherche fondamentale, finalisée, appliquée sont clarifiées pour comprendre l’équilibre entre la poussée interne de la science et les attentes de la société. La démarche d’analyse pour élaborer le schéma stratégique de 1996, impliquer le Comité national et définir les programmes scientifiques est décrite. Enfin la situation après 1996 et le manque de continuité sont évoqués.
Henri Gondet, un ingénieur pour la recherche à Bellevue
Authors: Burgos Valérie Blondelle , Beaudouin Denis
Published: July 2016

Cet article retrace l’arrivée et le rôle d’Henri Gondet, ingénieur formé à l’ESPCI, à la direction générale des Laboratoires de Bellevue. Il s’efforce notamment d’expliciter les conditions d’une réorganisation du site, impulsée par Frédéric Joliot en faveur d’une recherche appliquée, associant bureau d’études et atelier dédié à la réalisation matérielle des prototypes.