bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Upper Arm Granulomas Induced by Leuprorelin Acetate Injection Mimicking Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors: A Case Report
Authors: Yamaguchi Sakura , Yamaguchi Sayaka Iwai , Hirozane Toru , Mori Tomoaki , Asano Naofumi , Okita Hajime , Nakayama Robert , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio
Published: January 2024

Leuprorelin acetate is a common anticancer medication used for prostate cancer treatment. One of the local adverse reactions after leuprorelin injection is the development of reactive granulomas, typically presenting as subcutaneous nodules. In this case report, we describe a 73-year-old patient with prostate cancer who developed unusually large sized intramuscular reactive granulomas, which mimicked malignant soft tissue tumors. The patient, who had been receiving leuprorelin acetate treatment for the past 12 months, noticed painful masses in both upper arms. Based on the findings of magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography, a diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumor was strongly suggested. However, further investigation through needle biopsy ultimately led us to the final diagnosis of reactive granuloma. The masses spontaneously resolved after discontinuation of leuprorelin injection. While reactive granulomas after leuprorelin injections are not rare, intramuscular cases are relatively uncommon. Despite using imaging studies as a rational initial approach in the diagnostic process, as we did in our case, their results turned out to be indistinguishable from those of malignant soft tissue tumors, thus highlighting the importance of pathological examination in confirming diagnosis, especially when a patient presents with atypical clinical manifestations.
Histiocytosis Presenting as Bilateral Adrenal Masses: A Case Report
Authors: Bullock Julianne , Dreimane Daina , Cavannaugh Corey
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Adrenal masses are a rare diagnosis in children, with bilateral masses even less common. At present, appearance of the mass on imaging and histology can give important clues to the diagnosis; however, there is significant overlap in 10–30% of cases and it can be difficult to distinguish benign from malignant adrenal masses. As a result, the clinical presentation remains a large part of the diagnostic process, as well as thorough endocrinology evaluation to determine if the tumor is functional versus nonfunctional. Case Presentation: We present a recent case of bilateral adrenal masses in a pediatric patient at our institution, with an unusual diagnosis of histiocytosis. Conclusion: In this case, the diagnosis was unclear, until genetic testing and pathology allowed for expedient diagnosis and targeted therapy for this patient. We hope that presenting this case will increase physician awareness of this condition and expedite diagnosis and treatment in other patients with this rare presentation.
Bladder-Adherent Primary Appendiceal Carcinoma Masquerading as a Carpeting Rectal Lesion Detected by a Fecal Immunochemical Test: A Case Report
Authors: Burute Nishigandha , Aseyev Olexiy , Hasan Fauzia , Allard-Ihala Erika , Shahrour Walid , Kotb Ahmed , Harris William , Rozenberg Radu
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Primary appendiceal carcinoma is rare and comprises up to 1% of all colorectal malignancies. Its invasion into adjacent organs, such as the bladder and rectum, especially as a presenting characteristic, is even less common. Case Presentation: A 75-year-old asymptomatic male tested positive on a screening fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Colonoscopy showed a rectosigmoid tumor and normal appendiceal orifice. Staging MRI surprisingly showed that the cancer was, in fact, of appendiceal origin, coursed posteriorly to invade the rectosigmoid and form adhesions with the urinary bladder. Staging CT did not show metastatic disease. Low anterior resection, en bloc appendectomy, and right hemicolectomy were performed along with cystectomy and ileal conduit. Hematoxylin and eosin stains showed appendiceal adenocarcinoma invading through the appendiceal wall into the rectal muscularis and submucosa. Features of neuroendocrine carcinoma were not identified on immunohistochemistry. This was a colonic type of adenocarcinoma of the appendix. Conclusion: This is a rare case of appendiceal carcinoma invading the rectum and presenting as a positive screening fecal immunochemical test in an asymptomatic individual. We effectively demonstrate the use of preoperative MRI to identify the appendiceal origin of the tumor, as well as to demonstrate the extent of tumor spread, which assisted with operative management and treatment planning.
Effectiveness of Schema Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Supportive Therapy for Depression in Inpatient and Day Clinic Settings: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kopf-Beck Johannes , Müller Celina L. , Tamm Jeanette , Fietz Julia , Rek Nils , Just Leah , Spock Zoe Ilona , Weweck Katharina , Takano Keisuke , Rein Martin , Keck Martin E. , Egli Samy
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Schema therapy (ST) reduces depressive symptoms, but clinical trials have not investigated its effectiveness for patients suffering from severe forms of depression and high rates of comorbidities. There is high demand for exploring and improving treatments for this patient group. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether ST is more effective than individual supportive therapy (IST) and noninferior compared with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating depression. Methods: For this clinical trial, medicated patients were recruited in inpatient and day clinic settings. The major inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 75 years and primary diagnosis of depression without psychotic symptoms. A total of 292 participants were randomized to ST, CBT, or IST and received 7 weeks of psychotherapy (up to 14 individual and 14 group sessions). The primary outcome was change in depression severity after treatment measured by Beck Depression Inventory-II. Primary test for efficacy was superiority of ST over IST. Secondary test was noninferiority of ST compared with CBT. Multilevel modeling was conducted. The results at 6-month follow-up were explored. Results: Across treatment, ST was not superior to IST. Secondary outcome analyses and completer analyses showed similar results. However, ST showed clinically relevant noninferiority compared with CBT. Conclusion: ST for depression as part of a psychiatric care program showed clinical noninferiority compared to CBT, without being superior to IST. ST represents a potentially useful addition to the therapeutic repertoire for the treatment of depression but its efficacy, including long-term efficacy, should be evaluated further.
Novel Mutation in the HSD17B10 Gene Accompanied by Dysmorphic Findings in Female Patients
Authors: Ciki Kismet , Alavanda Ceren , Kara Murat
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) protein is a mitochondrial enzyme. Multisystemic involvement occurs in HSD10 deficiency as in other mitochondrial diseases. HSD10 deficiency (disease) is rare. Less than 40 index cases have been reported so far. A female patient is even rarer because of X-linked transmission. Five index female cases have been reported. Case Presentation: We report a three-year-old female patient who was investigated due to microcephaly and global developmental delay. She had significant dysmorphic findings. The tiglylglycine peak was detected in urinary organic acid analysis. Other metabolic investigations and laboratory tests were unremarkable. Mild cerebral atrophy, mild ventricular dilation, thin corpus callosum, and an increase in T2 signal in the globus pallidus were revealed at brain magnetic resonance imaging. Heterozygous novel mutation in the HSD17B10 gene was found by whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. We started isoleucine-restricted diet and a “cocktail” of the mitochondrial vitamin. Discussion/Conclusion: We will see HSD10 disease patients more frequently with the increasing use of WES and genetic panels. Thus, different findings and phenotypes of the HSD10 disease will be revealed.
A Long-Term Follow-Up of a Patient with a Novel PORCN Variant and Additional Clinical Features
Authors: Akalin Akçahan , Grzeschik Karl-Heinz , Utine Eda , Boduroğlu Koray , Simsek-Kiper Pelin Özlem
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is a genodermatosis also known as Goltz-Gorlin syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the PORCN gene and inherited in an X-linked dominant manner. Given the course of X-linked dominant inheritance, affected males can only survive in the state of mosaicism for a PORCN pathogenic variant or in the presence of XXY karyotype. FDH is a multisystemic disorder in which cutaneous, ocular, and skeletal systems are primarily affected. Patients also may display intellectual disability and central nervous system abnormalities, yet most may have normal mental development. Case Presentation: We report on a currently 11-year-old female patient with a novel missense heterozygous PORCN variant who exhibited classical ectodermal, skeletal, and ocular findings in addition to mild intellectual disability, left-side diaphragm eventration, and puberty precox, a finding yet unreported in the literature. Conclusion: With this report, we aimed to expand the mutational spectrum and give insight into the importance of neurologic and skeletal system evaluation among other clinical features of FDH. Although gastrointestinal and genitourinary problems can occur during the course of the disease, to our knowledge, left-side diaphragm eventration and puberty precox are new features that have not been reported previously.
Uveitis nach Verwendung gängiger Impfstoffe: Selten, aber relevant
Authors: Pleyer Uwe
Published: January 2024

The association between vaccines and ocular disorders has attracted significant attention in scientific research. Numerous mainstream vaccines are associated with a range of uveitis types, including anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis. Additionally, they are associated with distinct ocular diseases such as multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). These ocular conditions are often transient, with a vast majority of patients experiencing improvement after steroid intervention. To date, numerous cases of vaccine-induced uveitis have been reported. This study analyzed the correlation between antiviral vaccines, including the hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and influenza vaccines, and different manifestations of uveitis. This is the first comprehensive study to offer a detailed analysis of uveitis types induced by antiviral vaccines. Through an extensive database search, we found a particularly strong link between influenza vaccines, followed by VZV and HPV vaccines. While anterior uveitis is common, conditions such as APMPPE, MEWDS, and VKH are particularly notable and merit careful consideration in clinical practice. Corticosteroid treatment was effective; however, half of the observed patients did not achieve full recovery, indicating potentially prolonged effects of the vaccine.
A phylogeny of Carrerapyrgota Aczél (Diptera, Pyrgotidae)
Authors: Cordeiro Maria Leidiane Alves , Mello Ramon Luciano
Published: January 2024

Carrerapyrgota Aczél, 1956 is a Neotropical Diptera genus within Pyrgotidae. Currently, the genus comprise four species: C. miliaria Aczél, 1956 (type species), C. personata (Lutz & Lima, 1918), C. aczeli Mello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010, and C. bernardii Mello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships among Carrerapyrgota species, aiming to establish their monophyly as a genus. To achieve this, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on 22 external morphological characters of adults, emploing the principle of parsimony. Analyses using both equal and implied character weighting support the monophyly of the genus, based on the following apomorphies: absence of the postscutellum, R₂₊₃ with spurious apical vein, lower calypter with a longitudinal row of bristles, and the presence of a posterior longitudinal groove on the female fore femur. The species C. aczeli, C. bernardii, and C. miliaria form a monophyletic group, supported by the synapomorphic condition of a spot on the forehead. Within this group, C. bernardii and C. miliaria are sister species, sharing the synapomorphic condition of a less sclerotized M vein, after dm-cu compared to the anterior region, as well as the homoplastic condition of a spot on the median occipital sclerite. This phylogenetic analysis reaffirms the synonymy proposed by Bernardi (1990), which treats Anapyrgota Steyskal, 1967, as a junior synonym of Carrerapyrgota. The evolutionary relationship among the species of the genus is represented as (C. personata (C. aczeli (C. bernardii, C. miliaria))). Furthermore, this study includes an updated distributional map for the genus, featuring the first record of Pyrgotinae in the Andean region.
Selymbria Stål, 1861 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Tibicininae): description of a new species with notes on the genus taxonomy and distribution
Authors: Ruschel Tatiana Petersen , Paladini Andressa
Published: January 2024

Selymbria amazonensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Brazil. An illustrated taxonomic key for males and females is provided. We include distribution maps and comments on their morphology, geographical distribution, and life history.
Exploring the Connection Between Relaxed Myosin States and the Anrep Effect
Authors: Sequeira Vasco , Maack Christoph , Reil Gert-Hinrich , Reil Jan-Christian
Published: January 2024

The Anrep effect is an adaptive response that increases left ventricular contractility following an acute rise in afterload. Although the mechanistic origin remains undefined, recent findings suggest a two-phase activation of resting myosin for contraction, involving strain-sensitive and posttranslational phases. We propose that this mobilization represents a transition among the relaxed states of myosin—specifically, from the super-relaxed (SRX) to the disordered-relaxed (DRX)—with DRX myosin ready to participate in force generation. This hypothesis offers a unified explanation that connects myosin’s SRX-DRX equilibrium and the Anrep effect as parts of a singular phenomenon. We underscore the significance of this equilibrium in modulating contractility, primarily studied in the context of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most common inherited cardiomyopathy associated with diastolic dysfunction, hypercontractility, and left ventricular hypertrophy. As we posit that the cellular basis of the Anrep effect relies on a two-phased transition of myosin from the SRX to the contraction-ready DRX configuration, any dysregulation in this equilibrium may result in the pathological manifestation of the Anrep phenomenon. For instance, in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypercontractility is linked to a considerable shift of myosin to the DRX state, implying a persistent activation of the Anrep effect. These valuable insights call for additional research to uncover a clinical Anrep fingerprint in pathological states. Here, we demonstrate through noninvasive echocardiographic pressure-volume measurements that this fingerprint is evident in 12 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy before septal myocardial ablation. This unique signature is characterized by enhanced contractility, indicated by a leftward shift and steepening of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, and a prolonged systolic ejection time adjusted for heart rate, which reverses post-procedure. The clinical application of this concept has potential implications beyond hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, extending to other genetic cardiomyopathies and even noncongenital heart diseases with complex etiologies across a broad spectrum of left ventricular ejection fractions.
Baseline Stroke Risk and Efficacy of Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy: A Post Hoc Analysis of the POINT Trial
Authors: Daghlas Iyas , Johnston S. Claiborne , Easton J. Donald , Kim Anthony S.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

High-risk transient ischemic attacks and minor ischemic strokes are followed by a variable risk of ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine how baseline stroke risk modified the efficacy of clopidogrel-aspirin (referred to here as dual-antiplatelet therapy [DAPT]) for transient ischemic attack and minor ischemic stroke.

METHODS:

We performed an unplanned secondary analysis of the POINT trial (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke). We first evaluated the associations of the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc and stroke prognosis instrument II (SPI-II) scores with the risk of incident ischemic stroke and major hemorrhage (intracranial hemorrhage or major systemic hemorrhage). We then tested for heterogeneity of the relative and absolute treatment effect of DAPT relative to aspirin across low- and high-risk patient subgroups.

RESULTS:

A total of 4841 trial participants were included in this analysis, with 2400 participants assigned to treatment with short-term DAPT and 2430 participants to treatment with aspirin and placebo. The dichotomized SPI-II score, but not the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (
P
=0.18), was associated with the risk of incident ischemic stroke. A high-risk SPI-II score (>3) was associated with greater risk of incident ischemic stroke (hazard ratio of incident ischemic stroke relative to low-risk SPI-II score of 1.84 [95% CI, 1.44–2.35];
P
<0.001) and numerically greater risk of major hemorrhage though not meeting statistical significance (hazard ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.90–3.57];
P
=0.10). The relative risk reduction with DAPT was similar across SPI-II strata (
P
interaction
=0.31). The absolute risk reduction for ischemic stroke with DAPT compared with aspirin was nearly 4-fold higher (2.80% versus 0.76%; number needed to treat, 31 versus 131) in the high-risk SPI-II stratum relative to the low-risk stratum. The absolute risk increase for major hemorrhage with DAPT compared with aspirin was 3-fold higher (0.84% versus 0.30%; number needed to harm, 119 versus 331) in the high-risk SPI-II stratum relative to the low-risk stratum.

CONCLUSIONS:

Stratification by baseline stroke risk identifies a patient subgroup that derives greater absolute benefit from treatment with DAPT.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00991029.
Performance of Different Risk Scores for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Palaiodimou Lina , Theodorou Aikaterini , Triantafyllou Sokratis , Dilaveris Polychronis , Flevari Panagiota , Giannopoulos Georgios , Kossyvakis Charalampos , Adreanides Elias , Tympas Konstantinos , Nikolopoulos Petros , Zompola Christina , Bakola Eleni , Chondrogianni Maria , Magiorkinis Gkikas , Deftereos Spyridon , Giannopoulos Sotirios , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Filippatos Gerasimos , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent underlying cause of cryptogenic stroke (CS) and its detection can be increased using implantable cardiac monitoring (ICM). We sought to evaluate different risk scores and assess their diagnostic ability in identifying patients with CS with underlying AF on ICM.

METHODS:

Patients with CS, being admitted to a single tertiary stroke center between 2017 and 2022 and receiving ICM, were prospectively evaluated. The CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc, HAVOC, Brown ESUS-AF, and C
2
HEST scores were calculated at baseline. The primary outcome of interest was the detection of AF, which was defined as at least 1 AF episode on ICM lasting for 2 consecutive minutes or more. The diagnostic accuracy measures and the net reclassification improvement were calculated for the 4 risk scores. Stroke recurrence was evaluated as a secondary outcome.

RESULTS:

A total of 250 patients with CS were included, and AF was detected by ICM in 20.4% (n=51) during a median monitoring period of 16 months. Patients with CS with AF detection were older compared with the rest (
P
=0.045). The median HAVOC, Brown ESUS-AF, and C
2
HEST scores were higher among the patients with AF compared with the patients without AF (all
P
<0.05), while the median CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score was similar between the 2 groups. The corresponding C statistics for CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc, HAVOC, Brown ESUS-AF, and C
2
HEST for AF prediction were 0.576 (95% CI, 0.482–0.670), 0.612 (95% CI, 0.523–0.700), 0.666 (95% CI, 0.587–0.746), and 0.770 (95% CI, 0.699–0.839). The C
2
HEST score presented the highest diagnostic performance based on C statistics (
P
<0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons) and provided significant improvement in net reclassification for AF detection (>70%) compared with the other risk scores. Finally, stroke recurrence was documented in 5.6% of the study population, with no difference regarding the 4 risk scores between patients with and without recurrent stroke.

CONCLUSIONS:

The C
2
HEST score was superior to the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc, HAVOC, and Brown ESUS-AF scores for discriminating patients with CS with underlying AF using ICM.
Mixed-Reality-Based Teleoperation Grasping Control
Authors: Zheng Dekun , Wang Ting , Jian Gao , Li Liang , Ji Xiangjun , Madani Kurosh
Published: January 2024

Traditionally, teleoperation means that the system sends a series of signal commands from the master while the slave manipulator receives and realizes the desired control operations. For the purpose of implementing more dexterous and complex tasks, we propose a novel framework with dual-hand master teleoperation systems under time-varied delays. In this paper, we emphasize studying the bilateral grasping teleoperation control, as the time delay causes a communication outage. Combining a wave-variable structure with a four-channel framework, an event-trigger-based bilateral sliding mode teleoperation control and an adaptive neural network are designed to effectively achieve master-slave trajectory tracking. In the virtual 3D environment, we created a mixed-reality interface based on dual-hand master teleoperation control that effectively responded to the two Omni manipulators' position transformation of the virtual manipulator. The time delay between the real slave force feedback and the virtual interface is addressed by designed event-trigger-based control in order to efficiently reduce the impact of time communication outage. The system's stability is analyzed and robot experiments are performed. From the experimental results, the telepresence platform innovatively applied virtual force feedback to reveal the soft target grasping and to accurately estimate the interactive force, enabling sensorless force feedback control.
Hathoronthophagus, new replacement name for Hathor Deschodt, 2023, preoccupied genus-group name of a putatively myrmecophilic dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini)
Authors: STALS RIAAN , DANIEL GIMO M. , DESCHODT CHRISTIAN M.
Published: January 2024

In November 2023, Deschodt & Sole (2023) proposed the new genus-group name Hathor Deschodt for a peculiar, putatively ant-associated onthophagine dung beetle from Gauteng province, South Africa. The genus is as yet known only from the female holotype of the species Hathor spinosa Deschodt, 2023. It was overlooked that the new generic name is preoccupied by Hathor Kirkaldy & Edwards, 1902, as regulated by the Principle of Homonymy (Articles 52–60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [henceforth the Code, Anonymous 1999]). Hathor Kirkaldy & Edwards is a monotypic genus of red bug or cotton stainer (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoroidea: Pyrrhocoridae) from tropical Africa, itself a junior subjective synonym of Sericocoris Karsch, 1892. Sericocoris is currently a valid genus (Robertson 2004; Stehlík & Jindra 2011).
A new species of Tetraopes Dalman (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: PERAZA-FLORES LIZANDRO N. , FREITAS JULIANA G.
Published: January 2024

A new species of Tetraopes Dalman, 1817 (Lamiinae: Tetraopini) is described and illustrated. The specimens were found associated with an asclepiad vine in a remnant patch of disturbed seasonally dry tropical forest from Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. Photos of dorsal, ventral, lateral, and frontal habitus of holotype and allotype, as well as dorsal habitus from most paratypes, are included. Photos of leaves, flower, and fruit of the host plant, Dictyanthus yucatanensis Standl., are also included.
Promoting Habsburg Cultural Identity to Secondary School Pupils in Late Austrian-Ruled Bukovina: A Case Study of the First Imperial and Royal Gymnasium in Czernowitz
Authors: Hoyte-West Antony
Published: January 2024

This contribution explores how notions of Habsburg cultural identity were promoted at the main grammar school (kaiserlich-königliches I. Staatsgymnasium) in Czernowitz, capital of the multilingual and multiethnic crownland of Bukovina, between 1900 and 1913. After presenting the relevant historical and linguistic context, the school’s yearbooks from that era are examined to obtain information regarding the celebration of relevant holidays and events, musical and literary performances, as well as the commemoration of important cultural luminaries. Through this analysis, insights into the contemporary means utilised to promote a wider Habsburg identity will be gained, providing useful qualitative data and thus adding to the broader discussion on educational policies in late Habsburg Bukovina.
Wordless Mantras: Transcultural Engagements in Pan Jianfeng’s “Roses from the Dark”
Authors: Pawlik Karolina
Published: January 2024

The paper discusses artist Pan Jianfeng’s transcultural series Roses from the Dark as a reconsideration of hierarchical binaries associated with language, culture, and artistic value. By relinquishing a focus on any “meaning” or “outcome” of Roses, the paper instead considers the communication between Pan’s influences, geography, and artistic process in creating such multilayered works of art. Using interviews with Pan himself, as well as sources across time and space, the paper draws various connections to emphasize the lack of validity in perceived cultural boundaries. Finally, a look at language – and specifically the imagery of Chinese script – considers the ways in which traditional models of reading or understanding must be suspended in order to accept the beauty of Pan’s Roses.
Introductory Comments
Authors: Sujecka Jolanta
Published: January 2024

The twelfth issue of Colloquia Humanistica (2023) contains a thematic block titled Centre-Periphery Relation and the Formation of Collective and Individual Identities in the Balkans and Central Europe. The topic makes readers aware how variable centres and peripheries are and how unstable borders can be, not only in the Balkans and Central or Eastern Europe. A wider perspective on the subject is brought by the example of the settlement of Vlachs, who crossed the borders of countries and empires, and also by the context of Western European culture that we find in postimperial Georgia in the years 1918–1921 and in the cross-cultural art of Chinese artist Pan Jianfeng who lives in Finland. The reviews found in issue 12 supplement the subject matter with Siberian and Balkan illustrations. In the Materials section we publish a letter, recently discovered in the Petko and Pencho Slaveykov Museum in Sofia, from the son of Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855), Władysław (1838–1926), to Bulgarian poet Pencho Slaveykov (1866–1912).
Characteristics and Strengthening Mechanism of Texture Induced By Large Plastic Deformation for Nanostructured Alumina Dispersion Strengthened Copper Alloys
Authors: Zhang Dongping , Wei Peng , Gan Chunlei , Chen Zhihui , Zhang Zhibo
Published: January 2024

The characteristics and strengthening mechanism of the texture induced by large plastic deformation of alumina dispersion strengthened copper with 0.1 wt% Al content were investigated by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument and universal tensile testing machine. The outcomes show that the texture developed by hot extrusion with large plastic deformation is a main double fiber texture of 70% 〈001〉//X and 19% 〈111〉//X
along the deformation direction (X-direction), as well as random orientations of a low fraction (11%). However, the random orientations can be completely transformed into {112} 〈111〉 Copper texture by cold work with large plastic deformation. The resulting texture reaches
a 100% double fiber texture containing 70% 〈001〉//X and 30% 〈111〉//X fiber textures, and possesses high thermo-stability and high tensile strength. It can is therefore concluded that the enhanced fiber texture is an important reason for tensile strength improved
by the cold work, except for grain refinement and increasing dislocation. The fiber texture strengthening is controlled by both morphology strengthening and orientation strengthening.
Front-End Circuit for Photomultiplier Tube Signal Readout Based on Recognition of Traffic Signal Images
Authors: Zheng Meizhu , Zhang Yanzhi , Lv Haiyang , Xiao Chuan
Published: January 2024

Photoelectric sensing technology plays a crucial role in vehicular equipment, which is equipped with various photoelectric devices to perceive the surrounding environment and avoid traffic lights and vehicles. This research selects the Hamamatsu H9500, a 256-channel, position-sensitive
photomultiplier tube, as the test unit. It aims to simplify signal readout while improving the spatial resolution of the photodetector. This research focuses on designing a charge distribution circuit named Discretized Positioning Circuit (DPC) for the photomultiplier tube, with an additional
charge-sensitive front-end amplification and shaping circuit. This circuit can convert the weak current signals from the H9500 into voltage signals. The shaping part of the circuit employs an active CR-RC circuit with weak signal amplification capabilities. This circuit is deployed within
the photomultiplier tube, strategically positioned on vehicles to recognize various traffic sign images. The front-end shaping circuit is tested in the experiments, which converts square wave voltage into pulse current using a capacitor. It is observed that the current signal has a certain
width and the voltage waveform of the CR differential circuit can be obtained by increasing the input impedance to 1 MΩ. During input voltage amplitude testing, the corrected output signal voltage shows a good linear relationship with the input square wave voltage. This designed front-end
shaping circuit is used for signal readout in photomultiplier tubes and deployed in vehicular equipment to collect image information of traffic signs. After image processing, satisfactory recognition results are achieved.
Tailoring Optoelectronic Properties of ZnO Films Through Synergistic Mg and B Co-Doping for Unprecedented High-Performance Transparent Electrode Applications
Authors: Li Yuechan , Li Yuejie , Li Xiuxiu , Li Yongli , Fei Yang , Yan Yujie , Umar Ahmad , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Xie An
Published: January 2024

The quest for indium-free transparent conductive electrodes with enhanced optical band gaps and superior electrical conductivity is imperative for the advancement of flexible electrochromic devices. This study presents a groundbreaking approach wherein composite ZnO films, incorporating
Mg and/or B dopants through a facile sol–gel spin coating method, are meticulously crafted and systematically scrutinized for their optoelectrical properties. Our findings reveal that Mg doping primarily influences the optical band gap, while B doping facilitates the augmentation of
free electrons by modulating morphology and electronic defect states. Optimal performance is achieved with pure Mg doping at an atomic molar concentration of 0.2, resulting in a ZnMgO film boasting an exceptional average transmittance of 98.79% and an impressively low electrical resistivity
of 15.3 Ω·cm. Although pure B doping compromises the crystalline quality, it significantly reduces electrical resistivity. Intriguingly, co-doping with Mg at an atomic molar concentration of 0.2 introduces challenges to crystalline quality but enriches the composite film with additional
charge carriers, leading to a reduction in bandgap and a remarkable drop in resistance to 6.2 Ω·cm. This innovative work not only sheds light on the delicate balance between Mg and B doping in ZnO films but also paves the way for unparalleled opportunities in the development of
high-performance transparent conductive electrodes for flexible electrochromic devices.
Effects of Natural Extract Rosmarinic Acid on Sleep Quality and Daily Care in Patients with Depression
Authors: Zhang Hongling , Huang Runhu , Guo Qin , Yang Zhengqing , Sun Yan
Published: January 2024

The mechanism of action of rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural extract from rosemary, on sleep quality (SQ) and daily care (DC) in depressed patients was investigated. Firstly, RA was extracted from rosemary and prepared into RA essential oil (RAEO). High-performance liquid chromatography
with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was utilized to analyze the chromatography of RA. Subsequently, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 depressed patients admitted to the hospital, who were randomly rolled into an observation (Obs) group (treated with escitalopram (SE) and RA) (n
= 30) and a control (Ctrl) group (treated with SE) (n = 30). The efficacy of patients was analyzed before and after they were treated differently at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) of patients in different groups were compared, and the depression
status, sleep quality (evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and overall quality of life (QOL, evaluated using the General Quality of Life Inventory-74, GQOLI-74) were assessed. The HPLC-DAD-MS analysis indicated that the aqueous solution of RA had multiple biological
activities. The PSQI score in the Obs group was lower and the GQOLI-74 score was higher, showing great differences with P <0.05 to those in the Ctrl group. Furthermore, the Obs group had much higher Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of treatment (P
<0.05). The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores of both groups gradually decreased with the increase of treatment duration, showing great differences before treatment, at the 2nd week, and the 4th week of treatment (P >0.05). However, marked differences were observed at the 6th
and 8th weeks in contrast to those before treatment (P <0.05). In the 8th week, patients in the Obs and Ctrl groups exhibited obvious differences to the anxiety levels before treatment (P <0.05). It suggested that the anxiety levels of all patients improved, but that in
the Obs group was improved more. In conclusion, the RAEO had a positive impact on sleep quality and daily care in depressed patients, and can serve as a feasible adjunctive treatment method worthy of clinical promotion.
Enhancing Oxygen Sensing Precision Through Gate-Controlled TiO2 Field Effect Transistors Under Ultraviolet Excitation
Authors: Lei Qiumei , Shao Yan , Lu Guojia , Umar Ahmad , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Yang Fang , Li Wenyao , Ji Tao
Published: January 2024

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a novel oxygen sensor based on a TiO2 thin film field effect transistor (FET) deposited on a silicon substrate with an oxide layer by magnetron sputtering. TiO2 is a n-type semiconductor with a wide band
gap, which allows the formation of oxygen vacancies or adsorbed oxygen species on its surface under ambient conditions. These oxygen-related defects act as electron traps that modulate the electrical conductivity of the TiO2 film. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, at 310 nm wavelength,
the photogenerated carriers in the TiO2 film are captured by the oxygen defects, resulting in a decrease of the film resistance that depends on the oxygen concentration. We demonstrate that the sensitivity and resolution of the oxygen sensor can be enhanced by applying a positive
gate voltage to the FET device. The photocurrent variation per unit of oxygen concentration (ΔIphoto/ΔCPO) increases from 1.08 at VG =0 V to 2.5 at VG= 20 V in the range of 5%–20% oxygen concentration. The gate voltage also extends the controllable range
of oxygen defects and photocurrent. Our study provides a new insight into the design and optimization of gas sensors based on TiO2 thin film FETs.
Enhancing Nickel-Ion Adsorption: Insights into Phytate Sodium Salt Modification of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Triblock Copolymer Electrospun Fiber Membranes
Authors: Hongzhang Li , Xinhua Liu , Eryan Chi , Guocai Xu , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Seliem Amal F.
Published: January 2024

The escalating threat of heavy metal pollution poses a severe risk to human health, necessitating efficient remediation technologies. Current approaches encounter challenges such as suboptimal efficacy, prohibitive costs, prolonged treatment times, and the requirement for additional
sludge management. In contrast, adsorption methods present notable advantages, including heightened removal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, technological versatility, and expeditious operation. This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of a sodium phytate-modified electrospun
styrene-butadiene-styrene (ESBS) fiber membrane, synthesized via electrospinning technology employing styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer as the raw material. The resultant membrane underwent comprehensive analysis using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,
and surface tensiometry. Investigations revealed that the adsorption capacity of the sodium phytate-modified ESBS fiber membrane for nickel ions exhibited a temperature-dependent decrease. At pH 7.5 and operating conditions of 20 °C and 150 r/min, equilibrium adsorption was achieved within
50 min, with an impressive adsorption capacity of 420.99 mg/g for a nickel ion solution at a concentration of 20 mg/L. This research not only provides valuable insights into the nuanced interplay between temperature and adsorption capacity but also offers a promising avenue for heavy metal
treatment. The sodium phytate-modified ESBS electrospun fiber membrane stands as a compelling solution, showcasing its potential as an effective and sustainable strategy for mitigating heavy metal pollution.
Evaluation of Parametric Tropical Cyclone Surface Winds over the Eastern Australian Region
Authors: O’Grady Julian , Ramsay Hamish , McInnes Kathleen , Gregory Rebecca
Published: January 2024

Hazard studies based on thousands of synthetic tropical cyclone (TC) events require a validated model representation of the surface wind field. Here, we assess three different TC parametric vortex models with input from four along-track parameter studies of the TC size and shape, based on statistical formulation of the relationships to observed TC intensity, geographic location, and forward transition speed. The 12 model combinations are compared to in situ 10-min observed surface mean wind speeds for 10 TCs that made landfall over Queensland, Australia, which occurred over the period 2006–17. Empirical wind reduction factors to reduce gradient winds to the surface are recalculated for the more recent TCs at both offshore (ocean, small islands, reefs, and moorings) and onshore (land) locations. To improve the wind comparisons over ocean and land, a secondary reduction factor was developed based on an inland decay function. Pearson correlations for the unadjusted modeled peak wind speed from 118 instances of a TC passing a weather station sit between a range of 0.57 and 0.65 for the 12 model combinations. Using the secondary reduction factor based on the inland decay function increases the range of correlation to 0.74–0.81. Based on the assessment of the instances of peak surface wind speed correlations, bias, and root-mean-square error, along with the correlation 48 h around the peak, the top-ranked performing model combination for the region was an along-track parameter study with a double-vortex model, both previously tested for the South Pacific basin.

Significance Statement

When assessing tropical cyclone hazards, users are presented with several simplified parametric models to describe the surface wind field of tropical cyclones. These parametric models are used routinely for risk assessment of cyclonic winds, as well as for input to surge and wave models used in coastal hazard assessments. Differences between the models include the formulation of the parametric cyclone model, the way winds above the boundary layer are specified at the surface and along-track parameters that describe the cyclones’ size and shape. Of the 12 model combinations investigated in this study, the top-ranked performing model combination for the region was an along-track parameter equation with a double-vortex model, which were both tested previously for the South Pacific basin. Analysis is performed to show unadjusted modeled winds overestimate observed 10-min surface winds over the ocean by around 13% (median) and over land by around 73.9% (median), which is resolved in this study with a secondary empirical wind reduction factor. These findings will support future modeling of tropical cyclone winds for multiple applications, including regional risk assessment and coastal hazard studies.
Assay error detection when using common quality control targets across multiple instruments: An analysis using simulated and real-world data
Authors: Kilpatrick Eric S
Published: January 2024

Background

Clinical laboratories frequently implement the same tests and internal quality control (QC) rules on identical instruments. It is unclear whether individual QC targets for each analyser or ones that are common to all instruments are preferable. This study modelled how common QC targets influence assay error detection before examining their effect on real-world data.

Methods

The effect of variable bias and imprecision on error detection and false rejection rates when using common or individual QC targets on two instruments was simulated. QC data from tests run on two identical Beckman instruments (6-month period, same QC lot, n > 100 points for each instrument) determined likely real-world consequences.

Results

Compared to individual QC targets, common targets had an asymmetrical effect on systematic error detection, with one instrument assay losing detection power more than the other gained. If individual in-control assay standard deviations (SDs) differed, then common targets led to one assay failing QC more frequently. Applied to two analysers (95 QC levels and 45 tests), common targets reduced one instrument’s error detection by ≥ 0.4 sigma on 15/45 (33%) of tests. Such targets also meant 14/45 (31%) of assays on one in-control instrument would fail over twice as frequently as the other (median ratio 1.62, IQR 1.20–2.39) using a 2SD rule.

Conclusions

Compared to instrument-specific QC targets, common targets can reduce the probability of detecting changes in individual assay performance and cause one in-control assay to fail QC more frequently than another. Any impact on clinical care requires further investigation.
Mode-I analysis of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates toughened by interleaved polyamide 66 nanofibers and chopped carbon using acoustic emission
Authors: Salimi-Mofrad Hadi , Rahbar Ranji Ahmad , Saghafi Hamed
Published: January 2024

The fracture toughness of epoxy resins is weak, so enhancing its properties is essential. In this research it was found that interleaving chopped carbon fibers and polyamide 66 nano mats between fiberglass reinforced plastic laminates with 110 µm thickness, increased fracture toughness in Mode I by 35 and 112%, respectively. Acoustic emission technique showed that damage mechanisms begin at further displacements of load point in modified samples. A hierarchical clustering model was used to classify various failure types. It was observed that matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and matrix cracking were the major damage mechanisms for Reference, chopped carbon, and nanomodified samples, respectively. The cumulative energy released by nanomodified samples was 83% lower than that of Reference and chopped carbon samples. A scanning electron microscope was used to validate different types of damage mechanisms.
Perceived COVID-19 Stress and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students: Meditation Roles of Family Cohesion and Unmet Interpersonal Needs
Authors: Guo Lingjing , Ye Baojuan , Li Bingbing , Liu Xuezhi
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Few studies examined variables that might explain the link between perceived COVID-19 stress and suicidal ideation. The present study tested a multiple-sequence mediation model with family cohesion, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness as mediators. Methods: The current study surveyed 1098 college students in China using questionnaires concerning perceived COVID-19 stress, family cohesion, unmet interpersonal needs, and suicide ideation. Results: Perceived COVID-19 stress was significantly associated with family cohesion, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. Family cohesion, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness mediated the relationship between perceived COVID-19 stress and suicidal ideation separately. These factors also had multiple sequence-mediated effects between perceived COVID-19 stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The study revealed pathways from perceived COVID-19 stress to suicidal ideation and suggested that interventions to increase family cohesion and reduce one’s unmet interpersonal needs were beneficial in decreasing individuals’ suicidal ideation.
Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants and Nicotine Among Community College Students
Authors: Truitt Hannah G. , Ginley Meredith K. , Foster Kelly N. , Sevak Rajkumar J. , Hagemeier Nicholas E.
Published: January 2024

Objective: Despite community colleges accounting for 34% of all undergraduate enrollment, research on substance-use patterns among community college students is limited. Community college students may engage in substance use differently than their 4-year university counterparts due to differences in psychosocial factors and decreased availability of mental health services. The current study aimed to elucidate risk factors underlying non-medical use of prescription simulants (NMUS) and nicotine use by community college students. Methods: A web-based survey was administered to 10 of 13 community colleges within a southeastern state’s Board of Regents school system. The survey included questions related to NMUS, nicotine use, alcohol use, mental health diagnosis, and demographics. Results: Overall, 9% of the participants reported NMUS, and 24.6% used nicotine. Multivariate analysis of variance and χ2 tests revealed group differences among individuals using only nicotine, only NMUS, both nicotine and NMUS, and neither nicotine nor NMUS. Post-hoc 2 × 2 χ2 tests indicated that individuals using both nicotine and NMUS had higher incidence of mental health diagnoses, were more likely to live in urban areas, reported higher weekly alcohol consumption, and were more likely to be male as compared to individuals using neither substance. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were higher in individuals using only NMUS and both NMUS and nicotine as compared to those using only nicotine or neither substance. Conclusions: These findings provide insight into demographic and psychological variables associated with NMUS and nicotine use among community college students that could be benefitted by greater access to affordable mental health services.