bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ClinGen Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease Variant Curation Expert Panel: Specifications for classification of variants inADA,DCLRE1C,IL2RG,IL7R,JAK3,RAG1, andRAG2
Authors: Jacovas Vanessa C. , Zelnick Michelle , McNulty Shannon , Ross Justyne E. , Khurana Namrata , Pan Xueyang , Nieto Alejandro , Martin Shiloh , McLean Benjamin , Elnagheeb Marwa A. , Cowan Morton J. , Puck Jennifer M. , Hershfield Mike , Verbsky James , Walter Jolan , Allenspach Eric , Chan Alice Y. , van Oers Nicolai S. C. , Ghosh Rajarshi , Piazza Megan , Yuan Bo , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Johnson Britt A. , Chinn Ivan K.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This collaborative study, led by the Clinical Genome Resource Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease Variant Curation Expert Panel (ClinGen SCID-VCEP), implemented and adapted the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines for interpreting germline variants in genes with established relationships to SCID. The effort focused on the 7 most common SCID-related genes identified by SCID newborn screening in North America:ADA,DCLRE1C,IL2RG,IL7R,JAK3,RAG1, andRAG2.

Methods

The SCID-VCEP conducted a rigorous review of variants that involved database analyses, literature review, and expert feedback to derive gene-specific modifications to the ACMG/AMP guidelines. These specifications were validated using a pilot set of 90 variants.Results:Of these 90 variants, 25 were classified as pathogenic, 21 as likely pathogenic, 14 as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), 18 as likely benign, and 12 as benign. Seventeen variants with conflicting classifications in ClinVar were successfully resolved. The criteria included modifications to 20 of the 28 original ACMG/AMP criteria specific to SCID-related genes.

Conclusion

The SCID-specific variant curation guidelines developed by the SCID-VCEP will enhance the precision of SCID genetic diagnosis and provide a robust framework for interpreting variants in SCID-related genes, contributing to appropriate treatment of SCID.
Distribution of age at natural menopause, age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, height and BMI in BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers and non-carriers: Results from EMBRACE
Authors: Mavaddat Nasim , Frost Debra , Zhao Emily , Barnes Daniel R , Ahmed Munaza , Barwell Julian , Brady Angela F , Brennan Paul , Conti Hector , Cook Jackie , Copeland Harriet , Davidson Rosemarie , Donaldson Alan , Douglas Emma , Gallagher David , Hart Rachel , Izatt Louise , Kemp Zoe , Lalloo Fiona , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Morrison Patrick J , Murray Jennie E. , Murray Alex , Musgrave Hannah , Searle Claire , Side Lucy , Snape Katie , Tripathi Vishakha , Walker Lisa , Archer Stephanie , Evans D. Gareth , Tischkowitz Marc , Antoniou Antonis C , Easton Douglas F.
Published: February 2025

Background

Carriers of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are at higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer than the general population. It is unclear if these PVs influence other breast or ovarian cancer risk factors, including age at menopause (ANM), age at menarche (AAM), menstrual cycle length, BMI or height. There is a biological rationale for associations between BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs and reproductive and anthropomorphic traits, for example involving DNA damage and repair mechanisms. The evidence for or against such associations is limited.

Methods

We used data on 3,046 BRCA1 and 3,264 BRCA2 PV carriers, and 2,857 non-carrier female relatives of PV carriers from the Epidemiological Study of Familial Breast Cancer (EMBRACE). Associations between ANM and PV carrier status was evaluated using linear and Cox regression models allowing for censoring. AAM, menstrual cycle length, BMI, and height in carriers and non-carriers were compared using linear and multinomial logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, and weighted analyses carried out to account for non-random sampling with respect to cancer status.

Results

No statistically significant difference in ANM between carriers and non-carriers was observed in analyses accounting for censoring. Linear regression effect sizes for ANM were - -0.002 (95%CI: -0.401, 0.397) and -0.172 (95%CI: -0.531, 0.188), for BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV carriers respectively, compared with non-carrier women. The distributions of AAM, menstrual cycle length and BMI were similar between PV carriers and non-carriers, but BRCA1 PV carriers were slightly taller on average than non-carriers (0.5cm difference, p=0.003).

Conclusion

Contrary to previous reports, we found no evidence that BRCA1 or BRCA2 PV are associated with hormonal or anthropometric factors, except for a weak association with height. These results inform the incorporation of risk factors into multifactorial cancer risk prediction algorithms.
Modelling the Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 during early phase of infection
Authors: Xu Jingsi , López-García Martín , House Thomas , Hall Ian
Published: February 2025

Interpreting viral mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 based on human body level is critical for developing more efficient interventions. Due to the limitation of data, limited models consider the viral dynamics of early phase of infection. The Human Challenge Study Killingley et al. (2022) enables us to garner data from the inoculation to the 14th day after the infection, which provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 within host infection dynamics. In the Human Challenge Study, each volunteer was inoculated with 10TCID50, approximately 55PFU, of a wild type of virus (Killingley et al. (2022)), and the data indicates that the viral load reduced below the detectable level within a day.

The simplified within host models developed by Xu et al. (2023) explain the data from the Human Challenge Study (Killingley et al. (2022)). However, they do not explain the viral decay from Day 0 to Day 1. Hence, in this paper, we aim to develop a new viral mechanism to explain this phenomenon. Based on the simplified within host models developed by Xu et al. (2023), we consider that the virus will first go through an adjustment phase and then start to replicate. A new dose-response model is developed to evaluate the probability of infection by constructing a boundary problem. We will discuss this viral mechanism and fit the model to the data of the Human Challenge Study (Killingley et al. (2022)) by adopting AMC-SMC (approximate Bayesian computation-sequential Monte Carlo). Based on the results of parameter inference, we estimate that the adjusted viral load is around 1% of the inoculated viral load.
Return to work outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients: a protocol for a global scoping review
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Araújo , Martinez William Donegá , dos Santos-Neto Martins Fideles , Molina Thaysa Castro , Duca William José , Arroyo-Júnior Paulo César , Fortunato Allana C. , Pires Sciarra Adília Maria , Stefani Andressa Karina , Quitério Alex Bertolazzo , Lopes Sônia Maria Maciel , Lopes Luiz Otávio Maciel , Lázaro Lucian Borges , Custódio Flávia Cristina , de Almeida Bistafa Isabela Amaral , Rocha José Nathan Fernandes , De Souza Menezes João Daniel , da Silva Matheus Querino , dos Santos Emerson Roberto , Borges Licia Paula Schelbauer , Silva Gabriela Gouvea , Del Arco Paschoal Vania , Bianchin Maysa Alahmar , Spessoto Luís Cesar Fava , Caldas Heloísa Cristina , Facio Júnior Fernando Nestor , André Júlio César , da Silva Renato Ferreira
Published: February 2025

Solid organ transplantation treats end-stage organ failure, improving longevity and quality of life. Return to work post-transplant is a positive indicator of treatment success. However, labor is influenced by multiple biopsychosocial factors, leading to complex barriers that affect recipients’ opportunities. Mapping return-to-work literature may reveal gaps in conceptualization, instruments, analyses, and key determinants. Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, this protocol aims to identify knowledge gaps and map the processes and outcomes in the literature on return to work after liver, kidney, heart, and lung transplantation. Following the Population, Concept, and Context strategy, this review is guided by the research question: “What has the literature shown about return to work after solid organ transplantation?”. This protocol was created and recorded on the Open Science Framework under DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/Q6HVT. Database selection and search strategy were determined by a librarian specializing in health sciences. The literature search will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies include primary and secondary research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, case studies, and observational studies on return-to-work post-transplant, in English or Portuguese, with no time restrictions. Two reviewers will independently perform the selection and data extraction. Discrepancies will be resolved through consensus, with a third researcher addressing conflicts. The data will be extracted using a standardized form developed for this review to collect key details about the studies’ origin, context, purpose, content, population, and variables related to the return-to-work process. These data will be synthesized following Synthesis Without Meta Analysis guidelines and summarized narratively using tables, graphs, thematic analysis, and, if feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. This scoping review protocol relies solely on publicly available data and does not involve human participants, so institutional review board approval was unnecessary. Ethical aspects of included studies will be assessed in our analysis.
Does a waiting room increase same-day treatment for sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women? A quality improvement study at South African primary healthcare facilities
Authors: Gigi Ranjana M.S. , Mdingi Mandisa M. , Bütikofer Lukas , Babalola Chibuzor M. , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Medina-Marino Andrew , Muzny Christina A. , Taylor Christopher M. , van de Wijgert Janneke H.H.M. , Peters Remco P.H. , Low Nicola
Published: February 2025

Background

Same-day testing and treatment of curable sexually transmitted infections (STI) is a strategy to reduce infection duration and onward transmission. South African primary healthcare facilities often lack sufficient waiting spaces. This study aimed to assess the proportion of, and factors influencing, pregnant women waiting for on-site STI test results before and after the installation of clinic-based waiting rooms.

Methods

We conducted an observational quality improvement study at 5 public primary healthcare facilities in South Africa from March 2021 to May 2023. The intervention was the installation of a waiting room in two clinics. Three clinics were used as comparators: two already had a waiting room in an existing building and one had access to a shared waiting area. The outcome was the percentage of women who waited for their STI test results. We conducted univariable and multivariable analyses and report marginal risk differences (with 95% confidence intervals, CI) of the proportions of women who waited for results. A subset of women answered structured questions about factors influencing their decision to wait for results.

Results

We analysed data from 624 women across the 5 facilities. Overall, 36% (95% CI 31, 40) waited for their test results (range 7% to 89%). In the two intervention clinics, 17% (95% CI 11, 24) waited for results before the introduction of a waiting room and 10% (95% CI 5, 18) after (crude absolute difference -7% (95% CI -16, +3), adjusted difference, -6% (95% CI -17, +5)). The percentages of pregnant women waiting for sexually transmitted infection test results were higher throughout the study period in 2 clinics which always had a dedicated waiting room than in 2 clinics where a waiting room was installed, or in 1 clinic, which only had access to a shared waiting area. Most women reported before testing that they did not intend to wait and none of the suggested factors would change their decision.

Conclusions

Introduction of a waiting room did not increase the proportion of women who waited for their results in this observational study. Future studies should investigate infrastructure, individual and test-based factors that affect same-day STI testing and treatment.
Beyond Hawking evaporation of black holes formed by dark matter in compact stars
Authors: Basumatary Ujjwal , Raj Nirmal , Ray Anupam
Published: February 2025

The memory burden effect is an explicit resolution to the information paradox by which an evaporating black hole acquires quantum hair, which then suppresses its rate of mass loss with respect to the semiclassical Hawking rate. We show that this has significant implications for particle dark matter that captures in neutron stars and forms black holes that go on to consume the host star. In particular, we show that constraints on the nucleon scattering cross section and mass of spin-0 and spin-1/2 dark matter would be extended by several orders of magnitude.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Mapping an Islamic venture capital setup using foresight-based social construction approach
Authors: Sharif Khurram , Faisal Mohd. Nishat
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study is a pioneering attempt to use the theory of social construction and foresight development to map out an Islamic venture capital (IVC) setup from the key stakeholders’ perspective. Using Prabhat Ranjan Sparker’s theory of social construction, 20 participants (including policymakers, investors, intellectuals and entrepreneurs) were involved in a foresight building workshop related to designing an IVC setup that adhered to Islamic principles and values.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the utilization of “future consciousness” tools (including the Polak game, futures triangle and scenario building), key components of an IVC setup were identified. This foresight building methodology not only enhanced the diversity of opinions and wide participation but also helped to examine various discourses and different stakeholder voices. Hence, a multi-stakeholder research approach, based on team presentations, group activities, collective reflections and paper-based simulations, was used. Participants were chosen using purposive sampling, where knowledge and experience about Islamic finance and entrepreneurship were the key selection criteria. A thematic approach was used for data analysis. This enabled summarization of data into organized information structures, which uncovered different perspectives and similar views related to a future IVC setup.

Findings

The main study findings revealed an outline of an IVC setup, which was based on seven main stages (i.e. submission of a business proposal for venture capital consideration, review of the proposal by experts, multi-stakeholder decision-making, agreement phase, resource allocation stage, value-sharing equation and impact realization). Another key outcome suggested that low IVC awareness needed addressing through online and offline communication with Muslim and non-Muslim communities.

Practical implications

The creation of an effective IVC setup, based on collective feedback from key stakeholders, should play a significant role in the socio-economic development of Islamic economies by providing financial, skills-based and emotional support to Muslim venture capital seekers.

Originality/value

In terms of study originality, this is an underdeveloped area limited to theories and propositions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no study that has provided a blueprint for a future IVC setup in a fast-developing Islamic economy that is based on key stakeholders’ perspective.
What could determine zakat collection: bibliometric analysis on Scopus and Web of Science database
Authors: Pamuncak Mohammad Bintang , Wahid Hairunnizam , Ismail Abdul Ghafar , Sarmidi Tamat
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to discuss literature of zakat collection, particularly to compare what Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), as the two most popular databases, provide to complete the pattern and the direction of future research of zakat collection using bibliometric analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected 266 manuscripts from the Scopus database and 106 manuscripts from the WoS database covering more than three decades from 1987 to the beginning of 2023.

Findings

This study identifies a wider horizon of future research of zakat collection literature. Where Scopus database mostly discusses the connection between the state, government and zakat, meanwhile the WoS database discusses smaller scope of zakat collection, which includes zakat institution and its governance along with behavioural and commitment of zakat payers.

Research limitations/implications

The results imply that future research agenda may include the discussion of state-government-zakat collection policy connection and behavioural and commitment of zakat payers.

Practical implications

The results also imply to widening and deepening the zakat collection. Further, it also implies to administratively to zakat agencies/zakat institution.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first study (or the first) that compare Scopus and WoS database in the zakat collection literature.
Towards achieving circular economy in the Nigerian construction industry: policymakers perspectives and conceptual framework development
Authors: Bello Abdulkabir Opeyemi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The construction industry faces significant challenges in managing waste and resource inefficiency, contributing to environmental degradation and unsustainable practices. Despite the potential of circular economy (CE) practices to address these issues, there is limited understanding and inadequate policy support for their effective implementation. This study investigates the perspectives of policymakers on achieving CE in the Nigerian construction industry. Specifically, this study examines policymakers’ understanding of CE, key influencing policies, the challenges encountered in implementing CE practices and how policies can support the transition to CE.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a qualitative approach to explore the perspectives of policymakers towards achieving CE in the Nigerian construction industry. About 50 participants were purposively selected to participate in this study to provide comprehensive data for the study. Saturation was attained on the 34th participants. The data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and insights.

Findings

This study identified significant gaps and challenges hindering policymakers' effective implementation of CE practices. The challenges include financial constraints, resistance to change, inadequate regulatory frameworks, lack of infrastructure, skill gaps and weak enforcement mechanisms. Recommendations for improvement include financial incentives, updated building codes, enhanced enforcement, mandatory education and training programmes and increased collaboration between government, industry and academia. A conceptual framework was developed to promote the implementation of CE in the construction industry.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine the perspectives of policymakers on CE in the Nigerian construction industry, offering unique insights and practical recommendations. The conceptual framework adds a structured approach to implementing CE practices, contributing to the limited research on CE in developing countries and providing a robust foundation for future studies to expand the scope and employ quantitative methods to measure the impact of CE practices.
Surface quality of AA7079 sheet through single point incremental forming: experimental investigation and parametric optimization
Authors: Panwar Govind , Khanduja Dinesh , Upadhyay Vikas
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The proposed research primarily focuses on optimizing process parameters to enhance the surface quality of AA7079 material components formed incrementally through the single-point incremental forming process. The study experimentally investigates the influence of selected process inputs on the surface quality of the formed material. Experiments were conducted on AA7079 aluminum alloy sheets under varying conditions of specific process factors, including tool diameter, side-wall angle, rotational speed, feed rate and vertical step size.

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental investigation has been planned by using the concept of design of experiments (DoE) and is based on trial runs using response surface methodology. The observed data has further been analyzed through analysis of variances analysis and desirability method for highlighting the significant parameters and optimization along with their contribution on surface quality measure, i.e. surface roughness.

Findings

The side-wall angle, vertical step size, feed rate, rotational speed and forming tool radius have been found to be the major factors that significantly affect the surface roughness. The best value of the SR has been recommended as 0.735 µm under the parametric setting as; tool size (diameter) of 12.291 mm, wall angle of 68.210°, step size of 0.269 mm, speed as 884.672 rpm and a feed rate of 2,791.240 mm/min.

Originality/value

It has been recommended that greater tool diameter, greater wall angle, smaller steps, higher feed and slower speeds are necessary to improve surface roughness. Out of all the characteristics, tool size is the most important one. In addition, validation trials have been carried out to identify any deviations from the optimal value that was expected.
Prevalence and Predictors of Suspected Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Noon Sheila L. , Chun Lauren F. , Lam Tin Bo Nicholas , Thai Nhat Quang N. , Dunn Winston , Schwimmer Jeffrey B.
Published: February 2025

Background

Nomenclature for steatotic liver disease has been updated to include metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which requires the presence of hepatic steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. The prevalence of MASLD in adolescents is understudied.

Aim

To determine the prevalence of suspected MASLD among adolescents in the United States and to examine the relationships between elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2020 was conducted for adolescents aged 12–19 years. Elevated ALT was defined using sex‐specific biological upper limits: > 26 U/L for males and > 22 U/L for females. Suspected MASLD was identified by elevated ALT and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Adolescents with elevated ALT were categorised as having suspected MASLD, elevated ALT due to other causes or cryptogenic ALT elevation.

Results

Overall, 14.6% of adolescents had elevated ALT. Of these, 77.2% had suspected MASLD, 20.2% had cryptogenic ALT elevation, 1.9% took hepatotoxic medications and 0.7% had viral hepatitis. Body mass index had the strongest association with elevated ALT (OR 3.55), followed by high triglycerides (OR 2.09), low HDL cholesterol (OR 2.05) and high blood pressure (OR 1.93).

Conclusions

Most adolescents with elevated ALT met MASLD criteria, yet a portion lacked cardiometabolic risk factors or other identifiable causes. These results support the adoption of MASLD criteria in adolescents while indicating a need for further research into cryptogenic ALT elevation in paediatric populations.
H4K12 Lactylation Activated‐Spp1 in Reprogrammed Microglia Improves Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wang Xiaokun , Zhou Geliang , Xiong Junjun , Ye Wu , Gao Yu , Wang Haofan , Pan Dishui , Luo Yongjun , Zhou Zheng
Published: February 2025

Background

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition leading to significant disability and high mortality. The role of the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) signaling pathway in SCI, which is quickly activated after injury, is critical for intercellular communication but remains poorly understood.

Aims

This study aimed to explore the function and regulatory mechanisms of the SPP1 signaling pathway in SCI and investigate its potential as a therapeutic target for improving functional recovery after injury.

Materials and Methods

Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was employed to identify ligands and receptors of the SPP1 signaling pathway, particularly in microglia/macrophages. Recombinant SPP1 (rSPP1) was used in vitro and in vivo to assess its effects on neuronal maturation, mitochondrial energy in axons, and functional recovery after SCI. Pseudotime analysis was conducted to examine the role of Spp1 in microglial activation and proliferation. DNA‐pulldown and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the upstream regulatory proteins of Spp1.

Results

The SPP1 signaling pathway is primarily localized in microglia after SCI, with rSPP1 promoting neuronal maturation and enhancing mitochondrial function in axons. Injection of rSPP1 into the injured spinal cord resulted in significant improvement in functional recovery. Pseudotime analysis indicated that Spp1 is involved in the activation and proliferation of microglia. Histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation (H4K12la) was found to promote the transcription of Spp1 in reprogrammed microglia postinjury.

Discussion

Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving Spp1 in SCI, particularly its role in microglial activation, mitochondrial function, and glycolytic reprogramming. This new insight provides a deeper understanding of its contribution to the injury response.

Conclusion

This study uncovers a previously unreported mechanism of Spp1 in SCI, offering a potential therapeutic target for SCI.
The Role of Critical Discourse Analysis in Promoting Epistemological Diversity in EAL Learning: A Case Study on Canadian International Students
Authors: Chen Danni , Du Ting
Published: February 2025

English as an additional language (EAL) learning and teaching are epistemic practices with marked epistemic injustice. Language is not merely a tool for communication, but rather a fundamental aspect of how knowledge is constructed, validated, and transmitted across different cultural and intellectual traditions. This study explores the intricate relationship between language as an epistemic apparatus and EAL learning in the Canadian context, with a particular focus on how English language ideologies shape knowledge construction and transmission. Through a qualitative case study approach, international students were guided to use critical discourse analysis (CDA) to examine traditional assumptions embedded in EAL textbooks. The study starts with how the ideology of Standard English reflects Western epistemological traditions as a specific manifestation of epistemic injustice in EAL teaching and learning. This recognition allows international students who speak English as an additional language to critically engage with not just the linguistic forms of English but also the underlying epistemic dominance represented by these forms. By realizing the tacitly agreed‐upon dominance of Western academic English, which represents one form of Standard English, students question and challenge the epistemological hegemony that often accompanies linguistic ideological hegemony. Our findings suggest that introducing CDA as an epistemic tool can raise critical language awareness and increase the epistemological diversity of additional language learning and teaching. This pedagogy reinforces multilingualism in EAL both mentally through multilingual thinking and practically through EAL learning, thereby fostering a deeper appreciation of the diversified epistemological landscape that different languages and cultures bring to academic discourse. It enables learners in multilingual contexts to navigate and negotiate between different knowledge systems, promoting a richer, more nuanced understanding of knowledge creation, dissemination, and absorption.
A novel dual‐decomposition method for non‐convex two‐stage stochastic mixed‐integer quadratically constrained quadratic problems
Authors: Belyak Nikita , Oliveira Fabricio
Published: February 2025

We propose the novel p‐branch‐and‐bound method for solving two‐stage stochastic programming problems whose deterministic equivalents are represented by non‐convex mixed‐integer quadratically constrained quadratic programming (MIQCQP) models. The precision of the solution generated by the p‐branch‐and‐bound method can be arbitrarily adjusted by altering the value of the precision factor p. The proposed method combines two key techniques. The first one, named p‐Lagrangian decomposition, generates a mixed‐integer relaxation of a dual problem with a separable structure for a primal non‐convex MIQCQP problem. The second one is a version of the classical dual decomposition approach that is applied to solve the Lagrangian dual problem and ensures that integrality and non‐anticipativity conditions are met once the optimal solution is obtained. This paper also presents a comparative analysis of the p‐branch‐and‐bound method efficiency considering two alternative solution methods for the dual problems as a subroutine. These are the proximal bundle method and Frank–Wolfe progressive hedging. The latter algorithm relies on the interpolation of linearisation steps similar to those taken in the Frank–Wolfe method as an inner loop in the classic progressive hedging. The p‐branch‐and‐bound method's efficiency was tested on randomly generated instances and demonstrated superior performance over commercial solver Gurobi.
Qualitative Investigation of Nurses' Working Conditions After a Major Earthquake in Türkiye
Authors: Parlak Ayşe Gül , Güney Rabiye , Akkaya Gülnur , Karacan Yasemin , Akkuş Yeliz , Danç Esin
Published: February 2025

Aims

We aimed to determine the working conditions and share the experiences of local earthquake‐affected nurses and volunteer nurses from other regions in the first days after the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes that took place in Türkiye on February 6, 2023.

Design

A phenomenological approach was adopted in this inductive qualitative study.

Methods

In‐depth individual interviews were held between April and May 2023 with a total of 16 nurses who worked in the earthquake‐affected areas or were voluntarily assigned from other provinces. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data, and the study adhered to the COREQ checklist.

Results

Seven themes were generated from the data: earthquake scenes, organisation, nurses' actions, preparedness, volunteering, basic necessities, and the emotional spectrum. The organisation theme had three subthemes: uncertainty, communication and coordination, and excessive workload.

Conclusion

The results of this study can be a guide in preventing and rapidly addressing the problems encountered in post‐disaster nursing care. To cope with the sudden increase in workload, atypical cases, and ethical dilemmas after a disaster, we recommend updating the current nursing curriculum, modifying existing hospital disaster plans, and conducting further studies to increase the physical and psychological resilience of nurses responding to disasters and emergencies.

Implications for the Profession

The findings of this study may provide a basis for nurses to advocate for change and better disaster preparedness. Nurses can be better prepared by knowing the conditions in an earthquake zone. It may also encourage the development of post‐earthquake recovery programs for the psychosocial health of nurses.

Impact

The results of this study can be used to restructure earthquake preparedness programs, starting in undergraduate education, to prepare nurses for major earthquakes. In addition, it may guide policy‐makers and health care professionals, especially nurses, in optimally preparing for earthquakes and planning and implementing nationwide technology‐supported earthquake preparedness programs.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Cognitive housework and Parents' relationship satisfaction
Authors: Petts Richard J. , Carlson Daniel L. , Wong Jaclyn S.
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study examines the association between the division of cognitive housework and parents' relationship satisfaction.

Background

Equity theory suggests that factors which either objectively (i.e., equal sharing) or subjectively (i.e., feeling appreciated) enhance partners' feelings of mutual benefit lead to greater relationship satisfaction. From an equity perspective, cognitive labor may be especially consequential for relationship satisfaction not only because it is boundless, burdensome work but also because it is invisible and often unappreciated. Drawing on equity theory, we argue that relationship satisfaction is highest when cognitive labor is equally shared.

Method

We use cross‐sectional data on different‐gender partnered US parents from Wave 5 of the Study on US Parents' Divisions of Labor During COVID‐19 (SPDLC) and OLS regression to estimate associations between the division of cognitive housework and relationship satisfaction separately for mothers and fathers.

Results

Equal divisions of cognitive housework are associated with the highest levels of relationship satisfaction for both mothers and fathers. This association is consistent across various measures and dimensions of cognitive housework, with few exceptions.

Conclusion

Relationship satisfaction is highest when partners equally share cognitive housework, as sharing this labor may reduce burdens on one parent as well as increase the visibility and value of this often hidden form of domestic labor.
Concurrent Chest and Abdominal CT: Managing Pitfalls of Splitting Interpretation by Subspecialty
Authors: Kelm Zachary S. , Ron Eyal D. , Olson Michael C. , Welle Christopher L. , Johnson Tucker F. , Boyum James H.
Published: February 2025

Dividing the interpretation of concurrently acquired chest and abdominal CT images between two radiologists has advantages, and the potential problems can be mitigated by awareness, defined expectations, and communication.
Routine and Advanced Neurologic Imaging at 0.55-T MRI: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kelsey Lauren J. , Seiberlich Nicole , Morehouse Joel , Richardson Jacob , Srinivasan Ashok , Bapuraj Jayapalli , Kim John , Gulani Vikas , Mishra Shruti
Published: February 2025

MRI at lower main magnetic field strengths such as 0.55 T offers the potential to image intracranial and spinal hardware due to diminished susceptibility artifacts and to image structures near bone due to reduced magnetic susceptibility differences and greater field homogeneity.
Understanding and Employing (Non-)Linearities in Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Popp Jürgen
Published: February 2025

When Beer's law is interpreted through electromagnetic theory, it becomes clear that assuming a linear relationship between molar concentration and the imaginary part of the dielectric function is more accurate than using the absorption index function. A similar relationship holds true for attenuated total reflection (ATR) absorbance. When the negative logarithm of the reflectance is expanded into a series and truncated after the linear term, the approximation proves more accurate when based on the imaginary part of the dielectric function. Moreover, ATR correction schemes that utilize the low absorption approximation or the Bertie–Eysel formalism with this imaginary part, rather than the absorption index, tend to converge more quickly and provide more accurate results, particularly for stronger oscillators across an extended range of oscillator strength. Therefore, correction schemes for ATR spectra should prioritize the imaginary part of the dielectric function rather than the absorption index function when analyzing scalar and isotropic media.
Oceanic Pasts, Planetary Futures: Deep-Sea Core Data and Temporal Negotiation in the CLIMAP Project (1971–1982)
Authors: Isberg Erik
Published: February 2025

This article explores the temporalities of deep-sea core research in the 1970s and traces how this small scientific field became a site in which geological, environmental, and political times were negotiated in novel ways. Rather than conceiving of deep-sea cores as containers of data, which provide unmediated access to the planetary past, the article shows how the cores were temporally fluid objects which, in the 1970s, were picked up in settings well beyond the ocean sciences. By following the evolution of the deep-sea core project Climate: Long range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction (CLIMAP), which brought together deep-sea core research with climate modeling and economic and agricultural forecasting, the article argues that the ways in which deep-sea core data entered the field of climate modeling mirrored contemporary fears of overpopulation as well as dreams of abundant energy reserves hidden in the seabed.

Even though the deep-sea core scientists spoke of their work as “exploration” or “discovery,” the history of CLIMAP reveals a much more temporally complex enterprise and highlights the instability of planetary and historical times in the postwar era. Drawing on recent developments in time studies as well as the history of the geosciences, the article shows how present theoretical deliberations on the temporalities of the planetary scale can be understood in light of a longer historical process of negotiating multiple temporalities in the geosciences. By considering the history of deep-sea core research in the 1970s as a history of temporal negotiation, the article calls for increased collaboration and engagement between time studies and the history of science.
Wear state evaluation of friction pairs on the basis of triboelectrification behaviour: Research status and potential challenges
Authors: Xing Pengfei , Lu Lixun , Li Qingtao , Li Guobin , Sui Yijin , Zhang Lu , Zhang Hongpeng
Published: February 2025

Wear, which is the primary failure mode of mechanical equipment, significantly impacts the reliability and service lifespan of such equipment. Hence, real-time monitoring of the equipment wear state is highly important. While existing technologies have achieved substantial advancements in evaluating the wear state of tribo-systems, the pursuit of novel monitoring technologies persists, aiming to capture wear process information that remains inaccessible to traditional methods. Triboelectrification, a tribological phenomenon that is highly sensitive to changes in interfacial properties, has distinct advantages and is anticipated to emerge as a novel approach for evaluating the wear state. In this paper, the measurement methods, mechanisms, influencing factors, and signal processing of triboelectrification are summarized systematically. This article aims to consolidate research findings on triboelectrification across different domains within the framework of wear state monitoring and offer valuable guidance for effective, scientific wear state evaluation via triboelectrification. Through this comprehensive examination, the paper not only underscores the unique value and potential of triboelectrification in wear monitoring but also presents fresh insights and ideas for researchers in related fields.
How does achievement exist? Putting achievementsous rature and inviting new questions about teaching and learning
Authors: Lush Lindsey
Published: February 2025

Schooling today is steeped in a material-discursive community of achievement. Its ubiquity has become such that terms to qualify and quantify learning through achievement, for example high performing, average, below grade level, underachieving, lack of growth, and so on, and the technologies for identifying and treating the conditions of its construction have come to dominate the material and lived experiences of those in US schooling institutions. In this paper, I hope to tell the story of achievement as a productive material-discursive system that has been circulated as a scientific “truth” of nature and development and that has produced the subject of “the student” who is simultaneously the object of study and the site of administration and regulation of achievement theory-practice and technologies. The extensive body of work from critical psychologist and poststructural feminist researcher Valerie Walkerdine on developmental psychology, neoliberalism, and the humanist subject will guide my inquiry into the role that power/knowledge has played in the construction of “truths” about children that has produced, regulated, and repeated achievement in schools, and, consequently, theory-practices of teaching and learning. I will also consider how humanist and neoliberal discourses complicate and contribute to the overall apparatus of achievement. I will invite posthuman feminist questions that will serve as a path toward a (re)conceptualization of learning within and beyond achievement-structured confines.
The Heartbeat of Unity: Exploring Solidarity in the Trans-Atlantic, Asia, and Muslim World
Authors: Aras Bulent , Dagci Kenan , Abdulaziz Al-Khulaifi Khalid
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes how states express solidarity within international organizations, focusing on the Transatlantic Community, Organization of Islamic Countries, and ASEAN. Using the English School framework, we examine UNGA speeches (1991–2022) from these groupings, employing sentiment analysis and topic modeling to uncover thematic patterns in their narratives of solidarity. Our findings reveal distinct approaches to solidarity within each organization, despite shared participation in global dialogues. States prioritize different issues and demonstrate active agency in shaping institutional evolution through their discourse. This micro-perspective contributes to the understanding of solidarity-plurality, highlighting the complex interplay between state action and institution-building in a multipolar world. The research challenges simplistic views of state behavior within international organizations, demonstrating the importance of analyzing state narratives to understand the diverse expressions and practices of international solidarity.
Preregistration of Psychology Meta-Analyses: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Practice
Authors: Sandoval-Lentisco Alejandro , Tortajada Miriam , López-Nicolás Rubén , López-López José A. , Wagenmakers E. J. , Sánchez-Meca Julio , Hardwicke Tom E.
Published: February 2025

Meta-analyses play an influential role in synthesizing the existing evidence on a particular topic. Consequently, it is especially important that meta-analyses are conducted and reported to the highest standards and that the risk of bias is minimized. Preregistration can help detect and reduce bias arising from opportunistic use of “researcher degrees of freedom.” However, little is known about the prevalence and practice of the preregistration of meta-analyses in psychology. In this study, we first measured the prevalence of preregistration in all psychology meta-analyses published in 2021. Next, for 100 randomly selected preregistered meta-analyses, we evaluated the preregistration’s coverage of key meta-analytic decisions and the extent to which published meta-analyses deviated from their preregistered protocols. Of all 1,403 eligible psychology meta-analyses published in 2021, 382 (27%) were preregistered. In our random sample, we found that key PRISMA-P decision items were often omitted from preregistered protocols—out of the 23 decision items that were examined, the median number of items covered was 13 (interquartile range [IQR] = 11–14). We also found that all 100 preregistered meta-analyses contained at least one deviation from the preregistered protocol ( Mdn = 9, IQR = 6.75–11) and that most deviations were undisclosed ( Mdn = 8, IQR = 6–11). These findings suggest that the infrequent use and poor implementation of preregistration in psychology meta-analyses undermines its potential to reduce bias and increase transparency.
Koro Syndrome in Female: A Case Report of a Rare Anxiety Disorder with Cultural Influence on Psychopathology
Authors: Jani Mihir , Savani Chintan , Bhatia Harman Singh
Published: February 2025

Koro syndrome is a culture-specific disorder occurring primarily in Southeast Asian regions, presenting as acute anxiety with fear of retraction of the external genitalia or its part, fear of death by the thought of complete disappearance of genitals. Most cases are reported in males, Koro syndrome in females is very rare.

Case Presentation: A 25-year-old woman presented with complaints that the skin over the vagina is retracting inside her body and feeling that something will happen to her if it gets fully retracted for 9 months. She had multiple consultations with the gynecologist who found no anatomical abnormality on examination and referred the patient to a psychiatrist, where she was diagnosed with Koro syndrome and was started on psychotropic medication.

Conclusion: Female with Koro syndrome is expressed mainly in an epidemic setting due to cultural and psycho-social factors such as cultural taboos that suppress the expression of atypical sexual symptoms, inadequate knowledge, and misconceptions.
Using cognitive cases to establish incidence: The case of exaptative actions
Authors: Scarabusci Raul , Hrvatin Noemi , Sherazi N. , Tobol Elena , Ormerod Thomas C. , Ross Wendy
Published: February 2025

The primary methodological approach in cognitive psychology is experimental. However, the case study seems to hold particular importance in the foundational concepts of higher cognitive functions. For example, theories of the cognitive changes that lead to spontaneous insights have their roots in moments such as Poincaré’s realisation about chaos theory while stepping onto a bus or Kohler’s description of the chimpanzee Sultan’s sudden discovery of how to reach a banana. Indeed, it makes sense for research that is interested in nonstandard cognitive processes to be founded on case studies. In this paper, we draw on detailed examination of single cases to illustrate exaptative actions. Exaptative actions are actions which have an initial goal not related to changing the problem space in an epistemically or pragmatically amenable way but accidentally reveal a pathway to the problem solution. We show that these actions are a common bridge between pragmatic and epistemic actions but also question the idea that there are easily identifiable distinct action forms over the course of a problem-solving episode. We finish with observations on the importance of qualitative, single case research to cognitive psychology.