bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATERIALS ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANNUNCIATION CHURCH IN VITEBSK
Authors: Седов Вл.В.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена архитектуре церкви Благовещения в Витебске. Этот древнерусский храм сохранялся, хотя и в перестроенном виде, до 1961 г., когда был почти полностью разрушен. Изза разрушения все материалы по этой церкви, особенно графические, представляют исключительный интерес. В данной работе публикуются ранее неизвестные или опубликованные частично чертежи известного реставратора П. Д. Барановского, а также несколько фотографий археолога Л. В. Алексеева. Рассматриваются некоторые формы храма, связанные с влиянием романской архитектуры, а также делается предположение о более поздней его датировке второй половиной XII в.

The paper reports on the architecture of the Annunciation Church in Vitebsk. This Medieval Russia church survived, though in a rebuilt form, until 1961 when it was almost completely destroyed. Because of the church destruction, all materials on this church, especially, graphic, are of exceptional interest. This paper publishes unknown or partially published drawings of the distinguished restorer P. D. Baranovsky as well as several photographs made by the archaeologist L. V. Alekseev. The paper examines some forms of the church associated with the impact of Romanesque architecture and also suggests that it should be dated to a later period, i. e. the second half of the 12th century.
EARLY PLEISTOCENE LARGE FLAKE INDUSTRY OF THE NORTHEAST CAUCASUS: STADIAL STATUS
Authors: Амирханов Х.А. , Таймазов А.И.
Published: September 2024

В статье дается обоснование выделению на Северо Восточном Кавказе раннеплейстоценовой крупноотщеповой индустрии. Сравнение материалов Центрального Дагестана соответствующего времени с инвентарем местного типичного олдована и индустриями раннего ашеля Африки и Южной Европы приводит к выводу о представленности на рассматриваемой территории культуры с переходными от олдована к раннему ашелю чертами.

The paper provides substantiation for identification of the Early Pleistocene large flake industry in the Northeast Caucasus. Comparing the materials from Central Dagestan of the relevant period with the implements of local typical Oldowan and the Early Acheulean industries in Africa and Southern Europe, the authors come to the conclusion that a culture with characteristics transitional between the Oldowan and the Early Acheulean existed in the region in question.
THE DEAREST EDITION OF THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, RAS (TO THE 80TH ANNIVERSARY OF KSIIMK AS USSR KSIA RAS)
Authors: Мунчаев Р.М.
Published: September 2024

Статья открывает выпуск журнала Краткие сообщения Института археологии , отмечающего в 2019 г. свое 80 летие. В ней публикуются малоизвестные ценные сведения и воспоминания об истории журнала, издательской деятельности Института археологии РАН и тех сотрудниках, которые были тесно связаны с работой журнала на протяжении многих лет.

The article opens the issue of the journal Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology (KSIA), celebrating its 80th anniversary in 2019. In the paper there are published little known valuable information and memories about the journals history, the publishing activities of the Institute of Archaeology of RAS and those colleagues who have been closely related with the work of the journal for many years.
NEW FINDS OF SARMATIAN CAULDRONS IN THE LOWER DON REGION
Authors: Успенский П.С. , Мимоход Р.А. , Демиденко С.В.
Published: September 2024

В 2015 г. Сочинская экспедиция Института археологии РАН исследовала курганные могильники Чеботарев III V, Камышевахский X, Несветай II и IV. В четырех из них были обнаружены курганы, содержавшие в составе инвентаря бронзовые котлы и их фрагменты. Это комплексы из курганных могильников Чеботарев IV, кург. 2, погр. 1 Чеботарев V, кург. 1, комплекс I Камышеваха X, кург. 1, комплекс I, и Несветай IV, кург. 3, погр. 1. Изучение морфологических и технологических особенностей котлов показало, что все они относятся к различным вариантам типа VI, наиболее широко распространенного в среднесарматское время, особенно в I перв. пол. II в. н. э. Котлы изготовлены по единой технологической схеме. На имеющемся ограниченном материале прослеживается три варианта погребального обряда с использованием котлов: помещение в погребение фрагментов котла, помещение в насыпь курганов разбитых котлов и помещение котла в нишу тайник в могиле. Возможно, помещение в погребение обломков котла связано с традицией раннесарматского времени использования в качестве погребального инвентаря обломков зеркал. Все исследованные экземпляры котлов относятся к единому культурному кругу, использовались примерно в одно время. Фрагментированные котлы из погр. 1 к на 2 могильника Чеботарев IV комплекса I кна 1 могильника Чеботарев V комплекса I к на 1 могильника Камышеваха X занимают более раннюю хронологическую позицию по отношению к экземпляру из погр. 1 к на 3 могильника Несветай IV.

In 2015 the Sochi expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, excavated kurgan cemeteries known as Chebotarev III V, Kamyshevakha X, and Nesvetay II and IV. Four of these sites have yielded bronze cauldrons and their fragments as part of the funerary assemblage: Chebotarev IV, kurgan 2, burial 1 Chebotarev V, kurgan 1, assemblage I Kamyshevakha X, kurgan 1, assemblage I and Nesvetay IV, kurgan 3, burial 1. The examination of morphological and technological characteristics of the cauldrons demonstrates that all cauldrons refer to variants of type VI, which was the most common type in the Middle Sarmatian period, especially, in the 1st century first half of the 2nd century AD. The cauldrons were made according to the same manufacturing technology. The available limited material demonstrates three variants of the funerary rite with the use of cauldrons: placement of cauldron fragments inside the burials placement of broken cauldrons into the kurgan mounds and placement of the cauldron into a niche in the burial used as a hiding place. It is quite possible that placement of cauldron fragments into the burial is associated with an Early Sarmatian tradition of using mirror fragments as funerary offerings. All studied specimens of cauldrons refer to the same circle of cultures and were used roughly during the same period. Fragmented cauldrons from burial 1, kurgan 2, Chebotarev IV assemblage I, kurgan 1, Chebotarev V assemblage I, kurgan 1, Kamyshevakha X, occupy an earlier chronological position compared to the cauldron from burial 1, kurgan 3, Nesvetay IV.
The Suzdal Kremlin, Okol′ny town and Posad area of Suzdal′ (Vladimir Region)
Authors: Баранов Н.А. , Милованов С.И.
Published: September 2024

В 2017 г. Институтом археологии РАН в г. Суздаль Владимирской обл. были проведены спасатель- ные археологические работы в юго-восточной части кремля (ул. Лебедева, д. 15–17), в северо-восточной части Окольного города (Торговая пл., д. 20) и к северу от оборонительных укреплений (ул. Гастева, 1Б). Общая ис- следованная площадь методом раскопок составила 281 кв. м, и было проведено наблюдений на площади около 660 кв. м. Изучены непотревоженные культурные напластования, а также археологические объекты, относя- щиеся к периодам XII–XIII и XVIII–XIX вв. В процессе работ был исследован участок древнерусской усадьбы XII–XIII вв., что принадлежала ремесленнику. Находки представлены обломками бытовой глиняной посуды, деталями костюма, предметами личного благочестия, деталями конской сбруи, бытовыми и предметами личной гигиены, женскими украшениями, наконечниками стрел, отходами ремесленной деятельности. Кроме них пред- ставлена случайная находка амулета-конька X–XI вв.
Earthwork mound group at Cementnaya settlement 1, earthwork mounts Lesnoy I and II (Republic of Crimea)
Authors: Рукавишникова И.В. , Бейлин Д.В. , Федосеев Н.Ф.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена исследованиям могильника Цементная слободка 1, курганам 1, 4, и раскопкам курганов Лесной I, Лесной II. Был расчищен каменный ящик разрушенного полностью кургана 1 конца V – начала IV в. до н.э. В кургане 4 исследованы шесть погребальных комплексов и ограбленный античный склеп конца IV в. до н.э. Склеп удалось разобрать по блокам и полностью восстановить на новом месте в музее. Курганы Лесной I и Лесной II относятся к IV в. до н.э. и представляют иную кочевую традицию в пределах некрополя Юз-Оба.

This paper covers research into the graveyard at Cementnaya settlement 1, earthworks 1 and 4, and excavations conducts at Lesnoy I and II. A stone container from the wholly-wrecked Earthwork Mound 1 (end-5th/early 4th century BC) was recovered and cleaned. At earthwork 4, six burial complexes and a ransacked antique crypt of the late-4th century BC were studied. The crypt was dismantled into blocks, and then reassembled at a new location in a museum. The earth mounds of Lesnoy I and II are associated with the 4th century BC, and represent a wholly different nomadic tradition with the necropolises of Yuz-Oba.
1 Ulitsa Okruzhnaya (Okruzhnaya St) in the town of Rostov Veliky
Authors: Самойлович Н.Г. , Михайлова Л.А. , Орлов В.Н.
Published: September 2024

В 2017 г. проведены раскопки на участке у д. 51 по ул. Окружной в Ростове Великом на площади 80 кв.м. Исследован культурный слой мощностью 1,3–1,4 м, первоначальные отложения датируются концом XIII – началом XIV в., когда участок входил в окраинную часть городской усадьбы. Затем вплоть до начала каменного строительства на рубеже XVIII–XIX вв. территория пустовала и, видимо, использовалась под огороды.

During 2017, excavations were undertaken at a site at No 51, Ulitsa Okruzhnaya in Rostov Veliky, The excavations covered an area of 80 square metres. A cultural layer of 1.3 m to 1.4 m depth was studied, with initial deposits dates from the late 13th or early 14th century – at which time this city manor house lay outside the city. Later, until the time when stone buildings of the 18th and 19th century appeared, this location lay bare, and was apparently used as a vegetable garden.
Lower Town 2 of the town of Torzhok (Tveretskaya Side) in the 11th to 17th centuries (Tver Region, Torzhok)
Authors: Сарафанова Н.А. , Малыгин П.Д.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматриваются результаты спасательных исследований 2017 г. в г. Торжке Тверской обл., на левобережном посаде города. Раскопки проводились на двух участках на ул. Дзержинского (бывш. Ямская), расположенных в 300 м друг от друга. В результате исследований установлено, что застройка города к северу от церкви Илии Пророка на ул. Дзержинского, 75 (раскоп Ямской-2) началась лишь в конце XVIII в. До этого момента на этом участке находились огороды Рождественского монастыря, упраздненного в 1764 г. На участке юго-восточнее церкви Илии Пророка, на стрелке между ул. Ст. Разина (бывшая Дворцовая) и Дзержинского (бывшая Ямская) (раскоп Ильинский-1) зафиксированы остатки каменной и деревянной застройки XVIII–XX вв. Западную часть раскопа пересекала траншея шириной 1,2–1,6 м, глубиной 0,4–0,5 м, которую мы связываем с остатками канавы вдоль дороги Москва – Новгород. В результате исследований удалось уточнить топографию города XVII–XVIII вв.

This article covers the results of the preservation and rescue archaeology studies undertaken in 2017 in the town of Torzhok, in Tver Region, on the Left Bank of the city’s Lower Town. Excavations were made at two locations on Dzerzhinskaya St (formerly Yamskaya Street), situated 300 metres from each other. As a result of the studies made, it was established that the city’s construction to the north of the Church of St Elijah the Prophet (at Dzerzhinskaya St 75) (excavation Yamskaya –2) had not begun earlier than the late 18th century. Prior to that time, the site had been occupied by the vegetable gardens of the Monastery of the Nativity (Rozhdestvensky), which was consecrated in 1764. On the area to the south-east of the Church of St Elijah the Prophet, at the junction of Stepan Razin Street (formerly Dvortsovaya St) and Dzerzhinskaya Street (formerly Yamskaya – excavation Yamskaya-1) a location-fixing for former stone and wooden buildings of the 18th–20th centuries was established. The western area of the excavations intersected with a broad trench, of 1.2, by 1.6 m, which we believe represents the remains of a drainage ditch along the main Moscow-Novgorod road. As a result of the studies, it became possible to established the city’s topography was it would have been in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Kurgan group Bogatyrsky grave No. 4 (Orenburg Region, Orenburg region)
Authors: Сиротин С.В. , Богачук Д.С. , Окороков К.С.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлены предварительные результаты работ Приуральской археологической экспедиции РАН в Оренбургской обл. в 2017 г. Были исследованы курганы № 2, 10, 11 курганной группы Богатырские могилки в составе курганного могильника Высокая могила – Студеникин Мар. В кургане № 2 исследовано центральное дромосное погребение. Инвентарь представлен бронзовыми котлами, бронзовыми наконечниками стрел, элементами конского снаряжения. Погребальный обряд, архитектура кургана, инвентарь имеет аналогии в материалах известного курганного некрополя южноуральских номадов Филипповка I. Предварительная дата комплекса – последняя треть IV в. до н. э. В курганах № 10 и 11 выявлены материалы позднесарматского времени

This paper publishes the preliminary results of archaeological work undertaken by the Ural Expedition Group of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in Orenburg Region during 2017. Earth mounds 2, 10, and 11 of the Bogatyrsky Graveyard burial mound group were studied. In particular the highest mound, Studenkin Mar – was investigated. At earth mound No 2 the central dromos burial tomb was studied. Artifacts retrieved include bronze cooking vessels, bronze arrowheads, and items of saddlery. The funerary rites, along with the mound’s architecture, has close similarities with materials from famous barrow burial sites of Southern Urals nomads at Filippovka I. Preliminary dating for the site is the latter third of the 4th century BC. Earth barrows Nos 10 and 11 yielded materials of the Late Sarmation period.
Fortress of the city of Pereyaslavl’ Ryazansky (Ryazan’)
Authors: Стрикалов И.Ю.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлены результаты спасательных археологических раскопок на территории выявленного объекта археологического наследия «Культурный слой острога и посада г. Переяславля Рязанского XII–XVIII вв. (современный г. Рязань)», в ходе которых было исследовано 480 кв. м культурного слоя XII–XIX вв. c остатками разнообразных объектов городской застройки. Были исследованы культурные напластования, соотносимые с несколькими периодами истории города – посада XII–XVI вв., стрелецкой слободы острога XVII–XVIII вв., регулярного города конца XVIII – начала XX в.

This paper presents the results of Rescue Archaeology excavations undertaken in modern Pereyaslavl’ – at the site of an Archaeological Heritage site, the Fortress of the City of Pereyaslavl’ Ryazansy of the 12th–18th centuries. During this work, 480 square metres of area was studied, including the cultural layer of the 12th to 18th centuries. Remains of various sites of urban development were located. Cultural strata were correlated with a number of historical periods within the Lower Town of Ryazan’, with the Strel’tsy (‘Sharpshooters’) Settlement of the 17th–18th centuries, and the replanned city of the late 18th to early 20th century.
The St Sofia side neighbourhood of Veliky Novgorod (2017)
Authors: Гайдуков П.Г. , Олейников О.М.
Published: September 2024

В 2017 г. хоздоговорный отряд Новгородской экспедиции Института археологии РАН проводил исследования на Софийской стороне города. Общая площадь на 34 объектах (раскопы Тихвинский-2, Конюшенный-2; Троицкий, д. 16; Воздвиженский, д. 9, Черняховского, д. 14, Обороны, д. 2 и шурфы под городские коммуникации) в этой части города составила 1300 кв. м при мощности культурного слоя до 5 м. Эти работы дали значительную информацию о времени первоначального освоения и заселения разных участков средневекового Новгорода, а также по топографии и планировке усадеб жителей и особенностям их материальной культуры в XI–XVIII вв. Вещевая коллекция раскопа насчитывает более 1000 индивидуальных находок из черного и цветных металлов, кости, янтаря, стекла, камня и глины. Собрано около 100 тыс. массовых находок: фрагменты керамики, кости животных, птиц и рыб, обрезки кожи.

In 2017 a contracted team from the Novgorod Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences carried out studies in the St Sophia neighbourhood of the city of Veliky Novgorod. Studies were made at 34 different locations, with a total area under investigation of 1300 square metres. The locations included excavations at Tikhvinsky-2, Konyushen-2, Troitsky, 16 Vozdvizhensky, 9, Chernyakhovsky, 14, Oborony, 2 along with trenches for city infrastructure. The depth of the cultural layer in this area is averagely up to 5 m deep. The studies provided extensive information about the period of the initial founding and settling of different neighbourhoods of Medieval Novgorod, as well as the topography and layout of manor houses of the inhabitants, with details of their material culture from the 11th to 18th centuries. The artifacts retrieved during the excavations totalled more than 1000 individual pieces, including those made from ferrous and non-ferrous metals, bone, amber, glass, stone, and clay. A further 100 thousand mass finds were collected, including ceramic fragments, bones of animals, birds, and fish, and pieces of hide
The sword from Belz of time records. (To the question of attribution of the finding)
Authors: Стрельченко А.В. , Шеломенцев-Терский C. В.
Published: September 2024

В публикации рассматривается фрагмент меча, найденный в середине прошлого века в одном из городов Червенской земли и центре одноименного княжества, городе Белзе. Широкий круг аналогий, как самой находке, так и клейму на ней, позволил прийти к следующим заключениям. Экземпляр с большей вероятностью датируется всем XIV веком. Не сохранившийся клинок меча является продукцией мастеров-клиночников из южно-немецкого города Пассау. Близкое сходство навершия и крестовины данного фрагмента с аналогиями из Западной Украины позволил выделить «комбинационную форму» эфеса, характерную для указанного региона в XIV веке.

The publication examines the sword fragment, found in the middle of the last century in one of the towns of Cherven land and the eponymous town of Belz principality. A wide range of similarities, both the findings and the stamp on it, allowed coming to the following assumptions. The specimen is likely dated to the whole 14th century. An unpreserved blade of the sword was produced by blade masters from Southern German city Passau. The close similarity of the cross-guard and the pommel of the fragment with analogies from the Western Ukraine made it possible to identify the «combinational form» of hilt, which occurred in this region in the XIV century.
HELMET AND ARROwS FROM THE TOMB OF THE PRINCE IzYASLAV ANDREEVICH FROM THE VLADIMIR ASSUMPTION CATHEDRAL OF THE XII CENTURY
Authors: Тимофеева Т.П.
Published: September 2024

Во Владимиро-Суздальском музее-заповеднике хранятся три стрелы крепостного самострела и шлем, которые краеведческая литература XIX – начала XX в. связывает с гробницей князя Изяслава Андреевича в Успенском соборе XII в. в г. Владимире. В статье анализируются письменные источники и литература об этих предметах, первоначальное количество и происхождение стрел. 

The historical tradition connects with a grand-ducal necropolis of white stone Assumption Cathedral of the 12th century, namely with a tomb of the prince Izyaslav Andreevich, the son of Andrey Bogolyubsky, several items of ancient military equipment: a helmet and arrows of a fortress crossbow. Three arrows and a helmet which are stored in the funds of the VladimirSuzdal Museum-reserve are examined; an attempt to attribute objects, and the question of the reliability of the origin of these things from the Prince’s tomb is considered in the paper.
THE BOGOLYUBOV FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT ACCORDING TO RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES OF THE SECOND HALF OF XX – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY
Authors: Милованов С.И.
Published: September 2024

Анализ и обобщение результатов исследований 1954–2017 гг. Боголюбовского городища позволили представить археологический контекст архитектурного комплекса. Первоначально площадка городища, вероятно, была заселена во второй половине I – начале II тыс. н.э. Поселение этого времени было небольшим по площади и локализуется на берегах Якиманского оврага. Установлено, что для возведения княжеской резиденции было выбрано пустое, незастроенное место. Определено, что в середине XII – XIII в. не вся площадь городища была заселена. Территория распространения культурного слоя этого времени составляет примерно ок. 2,75 га. Она локализуется в южной части плато, занятого городищем. В ходе работ 2017 г. в районе Благовещенской церкви определено новое место активного каменного строительства середины XII в. 

Analysis and generalization of the research results of 1954–2017 of the Bogolyubov fortified settlement allowed to present the archaeological context of the architectural complex. The original site of the settlement was probably inhabited in the 2-nd half of the I – beginning of II thousand A. D. The settlement of this time was not big on the area and is localized on the banks of the Yakimansky ravine. It is determined that for the construction of the Prince’s residence the empty undeveloped place was chosen. It is defined that in the middle of the XII – XIII centuries not the entire area of the settlement was inhabited. The area of distribution of the cultural layer of this time is approximately 2.75 hectares. It is localized in the southern part of the plateau occupied by the fortified settlement. The new place of active stone construction of the middle of the XII century in the area of the Annunciation Church is determined in the course of work in 2017.
Climate Youth to Power: Coalition Strategy as Social Movement Response to Youth Power Deficits
Authors: Schaupp Simon , Petermann Linus , Haab Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Based on semi-structured interviews, this article analyzes how activists in the Swiss climate movement deal with their youthfulness. The interviewees associate their youthfulness with institutional, discursive, and economic power deficits that reduce their political assertiveness. They respond to this with a strategy that relies on coalitions with “adult” organizations that compensate for these power deficits. These alliances, in turn, shape and are shaped by the political orientation of the movement.
Educating Inheritors. Economic Socialization in Swiss International Boarding Schools
Authors: Bertron Caroline
Published: September 2024

In the context of the increased concentration of wealth at the top of the social spectrum, the article studies the role of economic inheritance in the education of elites. The article relies on a study at several international boarding schools based in Switzerland to explore wealth-related school policies (notably through pocket money and philanthropy), economic socialization, and their impact on students’ self-identifications as a privileged elite.
Income Inequality Considering the Cost of Living. An Admin-Data Approach Studying the Swiss Case
Authors: Hümbelin Oliver , Richard Tina , Farys Rudolf , Jann Ben
Published: September 2024

Cost of living is an important aspect of economic well-being, which is often neglected in inequality studies. Based on a Gini decomposition using admin data, this study estimates the relevance of minimum and average cost of living in Switzerland in relation to inequality and highlights the significance of direct taxes, everyday goods, housing, and health care premiums. Cost of living significantly increases disposable income inequality. Regional differences exist, which are primarily attributed to the design of welfare instruments.
Applying regularization to calculate split criterion for survival models
Authors: Васильев Ю.А. , Петровский М.И. , Машечкин И.В.
Published: September 2024

Методы анализа выживаемости решают задачу описания и прогнозирования событий. Модели учитывают случаи цензурирования, в которых истинное время события неизвестно из-за выхода наблюдения из исследования. Статистические методы предполагают, что цензурирование неинформативно и связь между причиной выхода наблюдения и проведением исследования отсутствует. В работе проводится исследование влияния информативности на эффективность статистических методов. В частности, критерий log-rank используется для сравнения функций риска и имеет низкую чувствительность в случае малых выборок или мультимодального распределения времени события. Для преодоления недостатков предлагается метод вычисления регуляризованных критериев, которые используют информацию об априорном распределении событий во времени и оценивают различия между функциями риска для всех моментов времени. Метод регуляризации был интегрирован в метод построения деревьев выживания и привел к улучшению качества прогнозирования на четырех медицинских наборах данных. Кроме того, предложенный метод превзошел существующие статистические методы и реализацию дерева выживания на всех наборах данных.

Survival analysis methods solve the problem of describing and predicting events. Models account for cases of censoring in which the true time of the event is unknown due to the withdrawal of the observation from the study. Statistical methods assume that censoring is uninformative and there is no relationship between the reason for the observation withdrawal and the study. This paper investigates the effect of informativeness on the performance of statistical methods. In particular, the log-rank criterion is used to compare hazard functions and has low sensitivity in the case of small samples or multimodal event time distribution. To overcome the shortcomings, we propose a method to compute regularized criteria that use a priori information about the distribution of events over time and evaluate the differences between risk functions for all time points. The regularization method was integrated into the survival tree method and resulted in improved prediction quality on four medical datasets. Also, the proposed method outperformed the existing statistical methods and survival tree realization on all datasets.
Analysis of Over 1,600 Chemistry YouTube Channels from 2005 to 2023
Authors: Gardner Scott , Bezati Gabriela , Godfrey Tristen , Baird Katie , Bilal Usamah , Loudon Emma , Young Rhona , MacKenzie Lewis Edward
Published: September 2024

Chemistry – “the central science” – has found broad appeal on the freely available global video-sharing platform YouTube. Given that YouTube is now almost universally accessible and may be the first place people look to engage with science topics, and that chemistry YouTube videos are now even being cited in the peer-reviewed literature, it is important to know what sort of chemistry YouTube content is available, who is producing it, and who the target audiences are. By applying both manual and semi-automated search methods, we identified and analysed publicly available data for 1,619 chemistry YouTube channels that were available in 2023. We found that (1) the majority of chemistry YouTube channels (84%) were being produced by independent content creators with no clear affiliation to institutions, corporations, or any other body; (2) the background of the majority of chemistry channel creators was not readily apparent (57%); (3) that the majority of videos were aimed at students (71%); (4) that the majority of videos (71%) were focused on chemistry theory or exam revision. The USA, India, and the UK were the top three countries for producing English-language chemistry YouTube content (19%, 11%, and 5% respectively). 51% of chemistry YouTube channels had not posted a video in the 12 months prior to the sampling period in 2023. We also examined the number of videos produced, channel lifespans, the use of features such as playlists and short-form videos, apparent revenue streams (outside of default advertising), the use of other social media, and whether or not channels were exclusively producing chemistry content. We note that chemistry YouTube video production massively increased in 2020, concurrent with the outbreak of the COVID-19 global pandemic. This study and its associated dataset provide the first large-scale ‘census’ of how YouTube is being used for chemistry communication and education worldwide. We expect our findings to be of interest and use to policy makers, funding agencies, educators, content creators, and the public.
The green synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles utilizing Camellia Sinensis var. Assamica found in commercial tea dust, and their broad spectrum antibacterial activity
Authors: Lahoti Ronith , Carroll Dusty
Published: September 2024

The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanofluid was investigated against three gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Tea dust, obtained from “Lipton® black tea decaffeinated” tea bags, and distilled water was used to prepare an extract; with zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide as precursors to synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles, the extract was used as a reducing agent. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a green method involving tea extract and characterized by EDX, TEM, and UV-VIS spectroscopy, revealing particles between 40–60 nm, with some particles as small as 18 nm, and the nanoparticles exhibited an agglomerated, sponge-like asymmetrical shape and maximum absorption at 380 nm. Despite its performance being slightly lower than standard antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem and Vancomycin, the ZnO nano-fluid still demonstrated significant antibacterial activity.
Extrudable and highly creep-resistant covalent adaptable networks made from polyethylene and ethylene/1-octene copolymers by reactive processing with aromatic disulfide cross-links
Authors: Suazo Mathew , Fenimore Logan , Barbon Stephanie , Brown Hayley , Auyeung Evelyn , Cespedes Gerardo , Li Pi Shan Colin , Torkelson John
Published: September 2024

Polyolefins like polyethylene (PE) and ethylene-based copolymers are widely used in consumer and industrial applications due to their versatility, the diversity and tunability of their properties, and their theoretical recyclability at elevated temperatures. However, their recycling rates are markedly low, and, though the cross-linking of PE enhances its properties through the creation of a networked architecture, the resulting thermoset known as PEX is rendered completely unrecyclable. Incorporating associative or dissociative dynamic covalent bonds as cross-links into plastics like PE is a promising route both to make use of spent plastics (via “upcycling” them) and to generate recyclable alternatives to unrecyclable thermosets like PEX. Such materials are known as covalent adaptable networks or CANs (also called vitrimers if the cross-links are exclusively associative). Here, we present a method for imbuing ethylene-based polymers with aromatic disulfide dynamic covalent cross-links, resulting in robust, reprocessable CANs. Radical-based reactive processing of PE and ethylene/1-octene-based copolymers with 1 wt% dicumyl peroxide and 5 wt% bis(4-methacryloyloxyphenyl) disulfide (BiPheS methacrylate or BPMA) successfully resulted in CANs which fully recovered their cross-link densities and associated thermomechanical properties after multiple reprocessing cycles. These CANs demonstrate remarkable elevated-temperature creep resistance due to the high-temperature thermal stability and high temperatures required for exchanges of the BiPheS-based cross-links. BiPheS-based cross-links in PE and ethylene-based copolymer CANs also enable their (re)processability via extrusion at elevated temperatures, with property recovery demonstrated with extrusion temperatures as high as 260 °C, thereby indicating the feasibility of extending our approach to industrial scales and processes as well as other rigorous applications.
The generalisation challenge: assessment of the efficacy of acoustic signals for state estimation of lithium-ion batteries via machine learning
Authors: Galiounas Elias , Owen Rhodri E. , Robinson James B. , Jervis Rhodri
Published: September 2024

Acoustic measurements of batteries are known to be correlated to their state-of-charge, creating opportunities for state estimation that do not rely on electrical signals. State estimators are typically parametric models fitted from data, often from the broad toolbox of machine learning. Such models can be easily designed to have millions of tuneable parameters, which endows them with tremendous but often misinterpreted fitting ability. The real performance metric, commonly omitted in the battery literature, is a model’s generalisation performance with respect to a population, which requires successful predictions to be made on data from one or more ‘held out’ cells. This study demonstrates that regression models based on neural networks can perform highly accurate state estimation on multiple cells; however, this is shown to be conditional on all cells being represented in the training dataset. Generalisation to the wider population is shown to be more challenging than other studies claim; a conclusion which follows from tests on multiple feature configurations and multiple model variants. It is hypothesized that success on multi-cell data in the absence of wider generalisation is due to the ability of models to learn cell-specific patterns implicitly, which is a type of 'overfitting'. This hypothesis is tested in two ways. First, classifiers performing a matching operation between acoustic waveforms and their respective cells are used to show that cell-specific characteristics are present in the waveforms. Next, unsupervised learning methods are used to perform a projection of all acoustic signals to two-dimensional latent space. In the latent space it is found that datapoints cluster according to the cell identity, indicating that the distinctiveness of cells dominates over any state-related commonalities in the acoustic dataset. The study highlights the need for caution in how the generalisation of machine learning models (of any kind) is evaluated in battery research.
Interfacial versus confinement effects in the anisotropic frequency-dependent dielectric, THz and IR response of nanoconfined water
Authors: Becker Maximilian , Netz Roland
Published: September 2024

We investigate the anisotropic frequency-dependent dielectric, THz and IR response of water confined between two planar graphene sheets with force-field and density-functional-theory-based molecular dynamics simulations. Using spatially resolved anisotropic spectra, we demonstrate the critical role of the volume over which the spectral response is integrated when reporting spatially averaged electric susceptibilities. To analyze the spectra, we introduce a unique decomposition into bulk, interfacial, and confinement contributions, which reveals that confinement effects on the spectra occur only for systems with graphene separation below 1.4 nm, for all frequencies. Based on this decomposition, we discuss the molecular origin of the main absorption features of nanoconfined water from the GHz to the IR regime. We show that, at low frequencies, the 15 GHz Debye peak of interfacial water is red-shifted due to a slowdown of collective water reorientations. At high frequencies the OH stretch at 100 THz blue shifts and a signature of free OH groups emerges, while the HOH bend mode at 50 Thz is red-shifted. Strikingly, in nanoconfinement, the 20 THz libration band shifts to below 15 THz and broadens drastically, spanning two orders of magnitude in frequency. These results are rationalized by the collective water motion and the structure of the hydrogen-bond network at the water-graphene interface and in two-dimensional water layers, which reveals the intricate behavior of nanoconfined water and its spectral properties.
Trophoblastic disease of the placental bed in the practice of a gynecologist. Case report
Authors: Fadeev Igor E. , Sotnikova Tatiana N. , Bruzgin Еvgenii A. , Poletova Tatiana N. , Polushkina Tatiana V.
Published: September 2024

Trophoblastic disease is a rare condition. Obstetrician-gynecologists are usually aware of simple hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and chorioepithelioma. Practitioners are significantly less aware of diseases associated with tumor transformation of the intermediate trophoblast. Such rare forms of trophoblastic disease are almost impossible to diagnose clinically. The morphological differential diagnosis is also quite challenging. Attention to detail and methodical examination of the specimen using various methods ranging from routine staining methods to immunohistochemistry and molecular and cytogenetic typing make it possible to establish the correct diagnosis and choose an effective therapeutic strategy. The article describes a rare clinical case of successfully morphologically diagnosed placental bed involvement, which was manifested by abnormal uterine bleeding in a 26-year-old patient.
Ameliorative effect of α-tocopherol and curcumin against the deleterious effects of hydrogenated (thermally oxidized) rice bran oil in rats
Authors: Rajoriya Vijeta , Bigoniya Papiya
Published: September 2024

Rice bran oil (RBO) is known for its health benefits due to its high content of natural antioxidants like tocotrienols, tocopherols, and oryzanols, which combat oxidative stress and inflammation. However, repeated heating of RBO above 110°C leads to degradation, forming harmful oxidative components and reducing its antioxidant content. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of thermally oxidized RBO on rats and the potential protective effects of curcumin and α-tocopherol supplementation. RBO was subjected to oxidative degradation through repeated frying cycles at temperatures ranging from 100°C to 180°C for 45 days. Physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of the oxidized RBO were analyzed. In vivo experiments evaluated serum biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters, along with oxidative and inflammatory responses in rats fed with oxidized RBO for 45 days. Results showed that thermal oxidation at 180°C significantly altered the chemical composition of RBO, increasing oxidative markers and reducing nutritional components. Consumption of oxidized RBO led to decreased body weight gain, elevated levels of various biochemical markers indicating liver and kidney dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, and increased oxidative and inflammatory damage in rats. However, supplementation with curcumin and α-tocopherol effectively mitigated these harmful effects. In conclusion, long-term consumption of thermally oxidized RBO negatively affects health parameters in rats, but fortification with curcumin and α-tocopherol helps alleviate these adverse effects
The City and its Maker
Authors:   , Galbraith Augustus
Published: September 2024

In the past decade, the redevelopment of Christchurch’s CBD has significantly reshaped the city’s visual identity, yet current zoning regulations have resulted in the separation of commercial, residential, and industrial developments. This designation of land has led to a rise in homogeneous urban spaces, where architecture is constrained to serve a singular basic function. As a result, the city fails to utilise its potential to develop spaces that promote the local community. This thesis looks to re-invigorate urban life in post-earthquake Christchurch by way of strategies against urban separation and in support of the local economy. Before individual motorised traffic, main urban functions like dwelling, production and fabrication were spatially closer connected if not interwoven. This project aims to create a new form of interweave on a building or precinct scale. This will take a research through design approach, using literature, case studies, and quantitative analysis to provide applicable solutions to establishing an urban architecture. Learnings will then be translated into five proposed urban design strategies, which will be critically reviewed and analysed to further the research process. The primary focus throughout the design is to analyse the role of urban-based manufacturing in Christchurch, seeking to identify what works in supporting a resilient and innovative industrial base. This seeks to break down the barriers created by current zoning regulations, shifting away from standardized commercial development to focus on the promotion of local businesses and manufacturers. The city can offer its users a range of options for trade, stimulating learning and research that is relevant to its community. This work hopes to contribute new ideas that challenge the current state of Christchurch’s inner-city design, sparking new conversations and solutions for its future development.
Integrating Cryptographic Security Features in Information System Barcodes for Self-Service Systems
Authors: Sucipto  , Ristyawan Aidina , Harini Dwi , Zaman Wahid Ibnu , Muzaki Muhammad Najibulloh  , Abdulnazar Mohamed Naeem Antharathara
Published: September 2024

Integrating services in an information system is necessary to provide services that can optimize an information system. One of the systems in PKKMB activities that will be combined with information security features is the attendance system. This research uses the Liner Sequential Model (LSM) method to integrate the QR Code attendance system with security features. This research aims to integrate QR Codes by optimizing increased security by combining the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with base64 with a dynamic data model to complicate the QR Code manipulation process. Contribution This study makes optimization of the AES encryption model to improve data security on QR Code. Algorithm testing results include using a Character Error Rate (CER) of 0%, Avalanche Effect (AE) testing with a value of 53.05%, and response time (RT) testing of 10.26ms
Optimized Stacking Ensemble Classifier for Early Cancer Detection Using Biomarker Data
Authors: K. Jegadeeswari  , R. Rathipriya
Published: September 2024

Ovarian cancer ranks sixth globally as a major cause of death among women, with a five-year survival rate below 50%, largely due to late detection. Early detection is crucial to lower mortality rates. This paper introduces an Optimized Stacking Ensemble Classifier (OSEC) for early ovarian cancer detection using biomarkers. The model comprises two layers: the first layer includes base classifiers optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), while the second layer is a meta-classifier integrating Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest(RF) models fine-tuned through grid search. Among the three datasets evaluated, the Blood Routine dataset showed the best performance with a stacked RF meta-classifier, achieving: 94.29% accuracy. The Stacked RF model also outperformed others, reaching 92.82% accuracy on the Serum dataset and 92.77% on the Malignant Ovarian Tumor (MOT) dataset, consistently excelling in precision, recall, and f1-score.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ВИРОБНИЧИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ОСНОВІ НЕЙРОАДАПТИВНОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Authors: Olimpiyeva Yu.
Published: September 2024

У статті розглядається проблема забезпечення функціональної стійкості виробничих процесів промислових підприємств на основі нейроадаптивних систем. В умовах індустрії, де виробничі процеси стають дедалі складнішими та автоматизованими, важливість надійних і стійких систем управління зростає. Проводиться аналіз сучасних підходів до використання нейронних мереж для адаптивного управління виробничими процесами, що дозволяє підвищити їхню ефективність та надійність. Аналізуються різні методи підвищення функціональної стійкості, включаючи адаптивні алгоритми навчання, регуляризацію та техніки виявлення і корекції помилок. Особлива увага приділяється інтеграції нейроадаптивних систем з існуючими технологіями та виробничими лініями, а також їх здатності до швидкого відновлення після збоїв і адаптації до змінних умов експлуатації. На основі проведеного аналізу запропоновано новий алгоритм діагностування на основні нейроадаптивної системи, що сприятиме підвищенню стійкості та надійності виробничих процесів. При проектуванні апаратної реалізації нейромереж враховуються такі характеристики нейрочіпів, як масштабованість, вартість розробки, сумісність з минулими та майбутніми версіями. Тому серед існуючих нейрочіпів було обрано Google TPU v4, оскільки у нього високий коефіцієнт продуктивності, а фреймворки машинного навчання, такі як TensorFlow та PyTorch, надають набір операцій для управління мережевим взаємодією вузлів системи. Важливо зазначити, що нейронні мережі можуть використовуватися в комплексі з іншими методами та системами діагностування, такими як експертні системи, фізичні моделі, статистичні методи.
ОГЛЯД МЕТОДІВ НАНЕСЕННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ВОДЯНИХ ЗНАКІВ ДЛЯ ЗАХИСТУ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ
Authors: Zubko I. , Martovytskyi V. , Punchenko A. , Karachevtsev D.
Published: September 2024

Стаття присвячена огляду методів нанесення цифрових водяних знаків з метою захисту зображень від несанкціонованого використання та копіювання. Об'єктом дослідження є самі методи нанесення цифрових водяних знаків, їхні технічні особливості, ефективність у захисті зображень та вартість впровадження. Автори досліджують різні підходи до вбудовування водяних знаків у зображення та проводять їх порівняльний аналіз з точки зору ефективності, стійкості до атак та вартості впровадження. Стаття детально розглядає різні підходи до вбудовування цифрових водяних знаків у зображення, включаючи методи на основі текстури, частотного домену, та алгоритмічні підходи. Кожен метод аналізується з точки зору його ефективності, стійкості до різних видів атак, таких як ретушування або обрізання, а також вартості впровадження та обслуговування. Наслідком дослідження є комплексне порівняльне обґрунтування методів нанесення водяних знаків, яке допомагає вибрати оптимальний підхід для конкретних потреб захисту зображень у цифровому середовищі. Висновки статті можуть бути корисними для фахівців у сфері цифрових медіа, авторів контенту та розробників програмного забезпечення, які цікавляться збереженням інтелектуальної власності та захистом авторських прав в онлайн-середовищі. Результати огляду допомагають визначити найбільш оптимальні методи для конкретних потреб захисту зображень у цифровому середовищі.
IAAS PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT WITH SERVICE LEVELS
Authors: Andrusenko Yuliia , Lysytsia Dmytro
Published: September 2024

The paper proposes a modification of the IaaS cloud model. To demonstrate the practicality and competitiveness of the method, a comprehensive performance study is conducted using simulation. Workloads based on real production runs of heterogeneous HPC systems are used to evaluate the practicality of the scheduling method. An online scheduling problem is considered. Jobs arrive one after another, and after a new job arrives, the scheduler must decide whether to reject this incoming job or schedule it on one of the machines. The problem is online, since the scheduler must solve it without information about the next jobs.
Orthopoxvirus-specific antibodies wane to undetectable levels 1 year after MVA-BN vaccination of at-risk individuals, the Netherlands, 2022 to 2023
Authors: van Leeuwen Leanne PM , Shamier Marc C , Verstrepen Babs E , Götz Hannelore M , Schmitz Katharina S , Akhiyate Najlae , Wijnans Koen , Bogers Susanne , van Royen Martin E , van Gorp Eric CM , Koopmans Marion PG , de Vries Rory D , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H , Zaeck Luca M
Published: September 2024

In response to the mpox outbreak in 2022 and 2023, widespread vaccination with modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN, also known as JYNNEOS or Imvanex) was initiated. Here, we demonstrate that orthopoxvirus-specific binding and MVA-neutralising antibodies waned to undetectable levels 1 year post vaccination in at-risk individuals who received two doses of MVA-BN administered subcutaneously with an interval of 4 weeks, without prior smallpox or mpox vaccination. Continuous surveillance is essential to understand the impact of declining antibody levels.