bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GRB 190114C in the nuclear region of an interacting galaxy
Authors: de Ugarte Postigo A. , Thöne C. C. , Martín S. , Japelj J. , Levan A. J. , Michałowski M. J. , Selsing J. , Kann D. A. , Schulze S. , Palmerio J. T. , Vergani S. D. , Tanvir N. R. , Bensch K. , Covino S. , D’Elia V. , De Pasquale M. , Fruchter A. S. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Hartmann D. , Heintz K. E. , van der Horst A. J. , Izzo L. , Jakobsson P. , Ng K. C. Y. , Perley D. A. , Rossi A. , Sbarufatti B. , Salvaterra R. , Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Watson D. , Xu D.
Published: November 2019

Context. For the first time, very high energy emission up to the TeV range has been reported for a gamma-ray burst (GRB). It is still unclear whether the environmental properties of GRB 190114C might have contributed to the production of these very high energy photons, or if it is solely related to the released GRB emission.

Aims. The relatively low redshift of the GRB (z = 0.425) allows us to study the host galaxy of this event in detail, and to potentially identify idiosyncrasies that could point to progenitor characteristics or environmental properties that might be responsible for this unique event.

Methods. We used ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and submillimetre imaging and spectroscopy obtained with the HST, the VLT, and ALMA to obtain an extensive dataset on which the analysis of the host galaxy is based.

Results. The host system is composed of a close pair of interacting galaxies (Δv = 50 km s−1), both of which are well detected by ALMA in CO(3-2). The GRB occurred within the nuclear region (∼170 pc from the centre) of the less massive but more star-forming galaxy of the pair. The host is more massive (log(M/M⊙) = 9.3) than average GRB hosts at this redshift, and the location of the GRB is rather unique. The higher star formation rate was probably triggered by tidal interactions between the two galaxies. Our ALMA observations indicate that both host galaxy and companion have a high molecular gas fraction, as has been observed before in interacting galaxy pairs.

Conclusions. The location of the GRB within the core of an interacting galaxy with an extinguished line of sight is indicative of a denser environment than typically observed for GRBs and could have been crucial for the generation of the very high energy photons that were observed.
Oral acute and sub-acute toxic effects of hydroalcoholicTerminalia chebulaRetz andAchillea wilhelmsiiextracts in BALB/c mice
Authors: Jafari Mahnaz , Naeini Kourosh Manochehri , Lorigooini Zahra , Namjoo Rasool
Published: November 2019

Background: This study examined the acute and sub-acute toxic effects ofTerminalia chebulaandAchillea wilhelmsiiextracts on the murine model.

Methods: In both phases, mice were assigned to intervention and control groups. At the end of study, the liver, kidney, and heart tissues were collected for histopathological studies.

Results: In the acute phase of the study, the safe dose was ≤5000 mg/kg for both extracts. In sub-acute phase, LD50 (95% CI) ofAchillea wilhelmsiiextract was determined ≥5000 mg/kg and that ofTerminalia chebulaextract 2754.436 (2438-3114) mg/kg. The highest dose ofT. chebulaextract induced few histopathological changes.

Conclusion: It will be useful to gain information on the minimum lethal doses ofT. chebulaandA. wilhelmsiito adopt safe doses of the two plants.
Broadband transmission-line illusions based on transformation electromagnetic
Authors: Nagayama Tsutomu , Sanada Atsushi
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate broadband transmission-line illusions based on transformation electromagnetics at microwave frequencies by using the distributed full-tensor anisotropic medium. Due to an intrinsic nature of the non-resonant unit cell of the medium, the illusions operate from DC to an upper limit frequency where the homogeneous medium approximation holds. Two-dimensional groove and bump illusion media mimicking scattered waves by an original groove and a bump are designed. Their broadband and incident angle independent operations are confirmed by circuit simulations. The groove illusion medium is implemented on a dielectric substrate with microstrip-line technology, and it is confirmed experimentally by near-field measurements that the illusion medium well mimics scattered waves by the original groove in the broadband frequency range from 2.60 GHz to 4.65 GHz.
Carbon metabolism and nutrient balance in a hypereutrophic semi-intensive fishpond
Authors: Rutegwa Marcellin , Potužák Jan , Hejzlar Josef , Drozd Bořek
Published: November 2019

Eutrophication and nutrient pollution is a serious problem in many fish aquaculture ponds, whose causes are often not well documented. The efficiency of using inputs for fish production in a hypereutrophic fishpond (Dehtář), was evaluated using organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances and measurement of ecosystem metabolism rates in 2015. Primary production and feeds were the main inputs of OC and contributed 82% and 13% to the total OC input, respectively. Feeds and manure were the major inputs of nutrients and contributed 73% and 86% of the total inputs of N and P, respectively. Ecosystem respiration, accumulation in water and accumulation in sediment were the main fates of OC, N and P, respectively. They accounted for 79%, 52% and 61% of OC, N and P inputs. The efficiency of using OC, N and P inputs to produce fish biomass was very low and represented 0.9%, 25% and 23% of total OC, N, and P inputs, indicating an excessive phytoplankton production and overdosing of fish feeds and manure. Dehtář pond was slightly autotrophic and phosphorus availability did not limit the phytoplankton growth. The low efficiency of using inputs was attributed to the low digestibility of raw cereals grain used as feed and the inability of planktonic food webs to transfer the primary production to fish due to high predatory pressure of fish stock on zooplankton. The primary production is an important input of OC in semi-intensive fishponds and should be considered in evaluations of fish production efficiency.
Stochastic homogenization of a scalar viscoelastic model exhibiting stress–strain hysteresis
Authors: Hudson Thomas , Legoll Frédéric , Lelièvre Tony
Published: November 2019

Motivated by rate-independent stress–strain hysteresis observed in filled rubber, this article considers a scalar viscoelastic model in which the constitutive law is random and varies on a lengthscale which is small relative to the overall size of the solid. Using a variant of stochastic two-scale convergence as introduced by Bourgeatet al., we obtain the homogenized limit of the evolution, and demonstrate that under certain hypotheses, the homogenized model exhibits hysteretic behaviour which persists under asymptotically slow loading. These results are illustrated by means of numerical simulations in a particular one-dimensional instance of the model.
Impact of pulsed electric field and pulsed microwave treatment on morphological and structural characteristics of sunflower seed
Authors: Shorstkii Ivan A. , Zherlicin Alexey G. , Li Peifeng
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the morphological capillary-porous structure analysis of sunflower seed, using X-ray microtomography in the longitudinal and transverse section and FESEM analysis of the surface microstructure after novel technologies treatment. Two types of treatment are considered: pulsed electric field treatment that has electroporation effect of the oil cell structure and pulsed microwave treatment that affects the internal structure. The main characteristic of the capillary-porous structure of oil-bearing material is given. Air cavities in the structure of the sunflower kernels were observed using X-ray microtomography. The influence of a pulsed electric field treatment on structure integrity of sunflower cells has been obtained with the creation of a material that has a greater permeability for diffusion processes. Experimentally was determined that over 2500 electric pores were formed on an area of 1 cm2 as a result of a pulsed electric field treatment. In the case of a pulsed electric field treatment, the oil seed body model can be represented as a bi-dispersed structure with the addition micro capillaries, formed by an electric field. It was experimentally defined that pulsed microwave treatment affected of internal seed structure. Denaturation of proteins and breakage of oil globules after pulsed microwave treatment decreased dispersion of the sizes of particles approximately twice with 35.3 μm2 up to 18.1 μm2. The data obtained are of interest not only for the technology of processing oilseeds but also for the analysis of novel emerging technologies.
A fast and versatile method for spectral emissivity measurement at high temperatures
Authors: El Bakali Abdelmagid , Gilblas Rémi , Pottier Thomas , Le Maoult Yannick
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the development of a new device for high temperature emissivity measurement is described. This device aims at measuring both spectral and total emissivity for a thermal range of 600–1000 °C. The main targeted properties of this device are versatility and simplicity. To achieve this, a rigorous selection of components such as heating systems, heat sources, sample holders, and measuring devices was made. Sample dimensions and the corresponding sample holder were optimized through a ray tracing model computation. Selection of sensors to compute the total emissivity was also discussed. A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer and two mid-infrared (MIR) cameras equipped with optical filters covering the bandwidth of 3–5 and 7.5–13 μm were chosen for spectral measurements. The major impediment was the separation of the sample signal and various spurious signals emitted by the environment. A specific measurement methodology was then made for each bandwidth to resolve this issue. Platinum was chosen as the reference material for the device validation. Spectral emissivity measurements were then compared to values from a commercial spectrometer. A good agreement was found between NIR and MIR band I measurements, and a higher error rate was seen in MIR band II which is explained by a less favorable signal to noise ratio. Integrated emissivity is then calculated and compared to values found in the literature. A good agreement between these values is found, and similar trends with temperature are observed. The device is then validated for spectral and total emissivity measurements. Device versatility and simplicity allow for an easy adaptation to a large area of applications.
On the importance of using exact full phonon dispersions for predicting interfacial thermal conductance of layered materials using diffuse mismatch model
Authors: Subramanyan Harish , Kim Kyunghoon , Lu Tingyu , Zhou Jun , Liu Jun
Published: November 2019

Several models have been employed in the past to estimate interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) for different material interfaces, of which the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) has been generally accepted as reliable for rough material interfaces at high temperature. Even though the DMM has been shown to predict the correct order of magnitude in isotropic material interfaces, it is unable to reproduce the same accuracy for low-dimensional anisotropic layered materials, which have many potential applications. Furthermore, the use of approximated dispersion curves tends to overestimate the ITC. In this work, we propose a new method that utilizes a mode-to-mode comparison within the DMM framework to predict ITC. We employed this model to calculate ITC between layered materials such as MoS2 and graphite and metals such as Al, Au, and Cr. We then compared our values with previous literature data that employ linear dispersion relations and experimental data from time-domain thermoreflectance measurements. This new framework was then used to visualize the phonon focusing effect in anisotropic materials. Further analysis revealed that counting only the three acoustic modes and neglecting the low-frequency optical modes lead to significant underestimation of the ITC using DMM. Our findings indicate that it is imperative to use the exact full phonon dispersion relations in evaluating the ITC for low-dimensional layered materials.
Spin injection and detection in MnAs/GaAs/InAs hybrid system on GaAs(111)B through lateral non-local spin valve measurement at varied temperature
Authors: Islam Md. Earul , Hayashida Kazuki , Akabori Masashi
Published: November 2019

We successfully confirmed spin injection and detection in the MnAs/GaAs/InAs hybrid system on GaAs(111)B through lateral nonlocal spin valve (NLSV) measurement at 1.5 K and 77 K. Surprisingly, we found larger NLSV signals at 77 K than that at 1.5 K. This seems to be interesting behavior compared to typical temperature dependent spin injection and detection study. We studied in depth the NLSV signals to extract spin parameters such as spin diffusion length and spin injection efficiency in the hybrid system. We found spin diffusion length to be ∼10 µm and ∼7 µm at 1.5 K and 77 K, respectively, and also found spin injection efficiency to be ∼1.6% and ∼2.5% at 1.5 K and 77 K, respectively. The reason behind higher injection efficiency at 77 K comes from better impedance matching between MnAs and InAs at 77 K than that at 1.5 K due to large temperature variation of MnAs resistivity.
Unraveling the role of zinc complexes on indium phosphide nanocrystal chemistry
Authors: McVey B. F. P. , Swain R. A. , Lagarde D. , Tison Y. , Martinez H. , Chaudret B. , Nayral C. , Delpech F.
Published: November 2019

The addition of zinc complexes to the syntheses of indium phosphide nanocrystals (InP NCs) has become commonplace, due to their ability to alter and significantly improve observed optical properties. In this paper, the role of zinc complexes on the synthesis and observed properties of InP is carefully examined. Produced InP and InP:Zn2+ NCs are thoroughly characterized from both structural (core and surface) and optical perspectives over a wide range of Zn2+ compositions (0%–43% atomic content). We find no differences in the physical (NC size and polydispersity) and structural properties (crystallographic phase) of InP and InP:Zn2+ NCs. Optically, significant changes are observed when zinc is added to InP syntheses, including blueshifted absorption edges and maxima, increased quantum yields, and the near elimination of surface state emission. These improved optical properties result from surface passivation by zinc carboxylate moieties. Changes to the optical properties begin at zinc concentrations as low as 5%, demonstrating the high sensitivity of InP optical properties to exogenous species.
Research on durability evaluation of concrete in complex attack environment
Authors: Fan Jingchong , Zhu Hongguang , Yi Cheng , Li Zonghui
Published: November 2019

In this study on concrete durability under a single environment, considering the meteorological data to determine the environmental correction coefficient, the computational model of concrete ultimate durability life under one environment is improved. Damage is defined as the ratio of service life to ultimate durability life, and it specifies the failure of concrete structures when the damage comes to 0.8. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is modified by replacing the conventional fuzzy scale to the priority of every single environment determined by the ultimate durability life span of each environment. The weight of every environment is settled by modified AHP and is used to improve Miner linear cumulative criteria. Then, the computational model of concrete ultimate durability life under a complex environment based on damage is established, the applicability of which is verified by comparing the prediction results and field data in Tianjin and Yantai ports. This paper also improves set pair analysis by dividing the stability range with comprehensive index connectivity, and then, the evaluation of levels of concrete durability stabilization is developed.
Variable single-axis magnetic-field generator using permanent magnets
Authors: Tretiak Oleg , Blümler Peter , Bougas Lykourgos
Published: November 2019

We present a design for producing precisely adjustable and alternating single-axis magnetic fields based on nested Halbach dipole pairs consisting of permanent magnets only. Our design allows for three dimensional optical and mechanical access to a region with strong adjustable dipolar fields, is compatible with systems operating under vacuum, and does not effectively dissipate heat under normal operational conditions. We present a theoretical analysis of the properties and capabilities of our design and construct a proof-of-concept prototype. Using our prototype, we demonstrate fields of up to several kilogauss with field homogeneities of better than 5%, which are harmonically modulated at frequencies of ∼1 Hz with a power consumption of approximately 1.2 W. Moreover, we discuss how our design can be modified to generate adjustable quadrupolar magnetic fields with gradients as large as 95 kG/m in a region of optical and mechanical access. Our design is scalable and can be constructed to be suitable not only for table-top experiments, as in the case of polarimetric and magnetometric setups that require strong alternating magnetic fields, but also for large scale applications such as generators.
Contribution of proteasome-catalyzed peptidecis-splicing to viral targeting by CD8+T cells in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Paes Wayne , Leonov German , Partridge Thomas , Chikata Takayuki , Murakoshi Hayato , Frangou Anna , Brackenridge Simon , Nicastri Annalisa , Smith Andrew G. , Learn Gerald H. , Li Yingying , Parker Robert , Oka Shinichi , Pellegrino Pierre , Williams Ian , Haynes Barton F. , McMichael Andrew J. , Shaw George M. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Takiguchi Masafumi , Ternette Nicola , Borrow Persephone
Published: November 2019

Peptides generated by proteasome-catalyzed splicing of noncontiguous amino acid sequences have been shown to constitute a source of nontemplated human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) epitopes, but their role in pathogen-specific immunity remains unknown. CD8+T cells are key mediators of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) control, and identification of novel epitopes to enhance targeting of infected cells is a priority for prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. To explore the contribution of proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS) to HIV-1 epitope generation, we developed a broadly applicable mass spectrometry-based discovery workflow that we employed to identify spliced HLA-I–bound peptides on HIV-infected cells. We demonstrate that HIV-1–derived spliced peptides comprise a relatively minor component of the HLA-I–bound viral immunopeptidome. Although spliced HIV-1 peptides may elicit CD8+T cell responses relatively infrequently during infection, CD8+T cells primed by partially overlapping contiguous epitopes in HIV-infected individuals were able to cross-recognize spliced viral peptides, suggesting a potential role for PCPS in restricting HIV-1 escape pathways. Vaccine-mediated priming of responses to spliced HIV-1 epitopes could thus provide a novel means of exploiting epitope targets typically underutilized during natural infection.
Mechanical behaviour of rapidly solidified copper: Effects of undercooling and strain rate
Authors: Dragnevski Kalin I. , Pellegrino Antonio , Heard Rhiannon , Siviour Clive R. , Mullis Andrew M. , Cochrane Robert F.
Published: November 2019

In this paper we present the results, from what we believe is the first ever attempt to study the mechanical behaviour of pure highly undercooled Cu specimens. The data revealed that the strength of the studied system increases not only with an increase of the level of undercooling, but also with the rate of testing. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that at undercoolings above 200 K the specimens underwent a transition from dendritic to a grain refined structure, accompanied with a break in the stress-undercooling relationship. It is suggested that on this occasion the transition was the result of two competing mechanisms: dendrite fragmentation and recrystallization. Finally, the relationship between the resultant grain sizes and measured stresses is compared against the Hall-Petch Law.
The RNA export factor Mex67 functions as a mobile nucleoporin
Authors: Derrer Carina Patrizia , Mancini Roberta , Vallotton Pascal , Huet Sébastien , Weis Karsten , Dultz Elisa
Published: November 2019

The RNA export factor Mex67 is essential for the transport of mRNA through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in yeast, but the molecular mechanism of this export process remains poorly understood. Here, we use quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques in live budding yeast cells to investigate how Mex67 facilitates mRNA export. We show that Mex67 exhibits little interaction with mRNA in the nucleus and localizes to the NPC independently of mRNA, occupying a set of binding sites offered by FG repeats in the NPC. The ATPase Dbp5, which is thought to remove Mex67 from transcripts, does not affect the interaction of Mex67 with the NPC. Strikingly, we find that the essential function of Mex67 is spatially restricted to the NPC since a fusion of Mex67 to the nucleoporin Nup116 rescues a deletion of MEX67. Thus, Mex67 functions as a mobile NPC component, which receives mRNA export substrates in the central channel of the NPC to facilitate their translocation to the cytoplasm.
A super enhancer controls expression and chromatin architecture within the MHC class II locus
Authors: Majumder Parimal , Lee Joshua T. , Rahmberg Andrew R. , Kumar Gaurav , Mi Tian , Scharer Christopher D. , Boss Jeremy M.
Published: November 2019

Super enhancers (SEs) play critical roles in cell type–specific gene regulation. The mechanisms by which such elements work are largely unknown. Two SEs termed DR/DQ-SE and XL9-SE are situated within the human MHC class II locus between the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes and are highly enriched for disease-causing SNPs. To test the function of these elements, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a series of mutants that deleted the SE. Deletion of DR/DQ-SE resulted in reduced expression of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes. The SEs were found to interact with each other and the promoters of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1. DR/DQ-SE also interacted with neighboring CTCF binding sites. Importantly, deletion of DR/DQ-SE reduced the local chromatin interactions, implying that it functions as the organizer for the local three-dimensional architecture. These data provide direct mechanisms by which an MHC-II SE contributes to expression of the locus and suggest how variation in these SEs may contribute to human disease and altered immunity.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals differential nutrient absorption functions in human intestine
Authors: Wang Yalong , Song Wanlu , Wang Jilian , Wang Ting , Xiong Xiaochen , Qi Zhen , Fu Wei , Yang Xuerui , Chen Ye-Guang
Published: November 2019

The intestine plays an important role in nutrient digestion and absorption, microbe defense, and hormone secretion. Although major cell types have been identified in the mouse intestinal epithelium, cell type–specific markers and functional assignments are largely unavailable for human intestine. Here, our single-cell RNA-seq analyses of 14,537 epithelial cells from human ileum, colon, and rectum reveal different nutrient absorption preferences in the small and large intestine, suggest the existence of Paneth-like cells in the large intestine, and identify potential new marker genes for human transient-amplifying cells and goblet cells. We have validated some of these insights by quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, and functional analyses. Furthermore, we show both common and differential features of the cellular landscapes between the human and mouse ilea. Therefore, our data provide the basis for detailed characterization of human intestine cell constitution and functions, which would be helpful for a better understanding of human intestine disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal tumorigenesis.
Magnetocaloric Effect in Anisotropic Mixed Spin

12

–1 System: Pair Approximation Method
Authors: Boubekri Abderrazak , Hafidi Moulay Youssef El , Hafidi Mohamed El
Published: November 2019

We use the Pair Approximation method to analyze the magnetic and magnetocaloric behaviors of diluted mixed spin SA = 1 and spin SB = 1/2 with the anisotropic Heisenberg model, on a cubic lattice with coordination number z=6. Our system is described in presence of an external magnetic field; the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties related to the concentration of magnetic atom (A or B) and the single ion anisotropy are constructed and discussed. Special attention is paid to magnetocaloric properties provided by isothermal entropy change as well as the cooling capacity. These cooling power keys are plotted and discussed as a function of interaction anisotropy and magnetic component concentration of two sublattices ions A and B. Numerical results show a double peak structure in the entropy change curve and the inverse magnetocaloric effect related to the presence of the negative single-ion anisotropy.
Tuning non-Gilbert-type damping in FeGa films on MgO(001) via oblique deposition
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yan , Liu Qian , Yuan Zhe , Zhan Qing-Feng , He Wei , Liu Hao-Liang , Xia Ke , Yu Wei , Zhang Xiang-Qun , Cheng Zhao-Hua
Published: November 2019

The ability to tailor the damping factor is essential for spintronic and spin-torque applications. Here, we report an approach to manipulate the damping factor of FeGa/MgO(001) films by oblique deposition. Owing to the defects at the surface or interface in thin films, two-magnon scattering (TMS) acts as a non-Gilbert damping mechanism in magnetization relaxation. In this work, the contribution of TMS was characterized by in-plane angular dependent ferromagnetic resonance. It is demonstrated that the intrinsic Gilbert damping is isotropic and invariant, while the extrinsic mechanism related to TMS is anisotropic and can be tuned by oblique deposition. Furthermore, the two and fourfold TMS related to the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and magnetocrystalline anisotropy were discussed. Our results open an avenue to manipulate magnetization relaxation in spintronic devices.
Small Evolution Antenna Design Method Based on Dynamic Hill Climbing Algorithm and Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Shi Hui , Li Junjie , Xie Zhiming
Published: November 2019

Small-scale evolution antennas have the advantages of high gain, wide bandwidth and small size, and have broad application prospects in the aerospace field. Aiming at the complex high-dimensional and dynamic problems of aerial antenna modeling, a dynamic hill-climbing algorithm based on orthogonal design is designed and implemented to simulate and optimize the single-span antenna in high-frequency operation mode. In the optimization problem, this paper defines a new individual comparison mechanism, which can reflect the number of violations of constraints and the degree of violation of each constraint, making the comparison of individuals more reasonable. The antenna simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of using dynamic evolutionary algorithms for antenna design.
Application of Business Intelligence Based on Big Data in E-commerce Data Analysis
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Liu Beixiong , Zhang Jiangli
Published: November 2019

This paper redesigns the framework platform of business intelligence by combining big data with traditonal business intelligence. This paper focuses on the way of data acquisition.Taking the e-commerce data of an enterprise as an example, this paper uses K-Means algorithm in clustering analysis to cluster consumers, so as to realize the purpose of personalized marketing for different consumers.
Research of Inspection Firewall Fine Grained Access Control on SDN State
Authors: Yang Hu , Ling Lu
Published: November 2019

A new SDN state inspection firewall system base on OpenFlow protocol is proposed.In this scheme, state tables and shifted flow tables are added into SDN controller and switch, and corresponding state transition rules are formulated on basis of packet type, so firewall is able to inspect SDN network state.SDN stat inspection firewall is implemented on opensource controller Floodlight and Open vSwitch. The performance evaluation result shows that the SDN state inspection firwall can recognize the type of packets, moreover, it achieves the fine-grained access control which present SDN firewall cannot offer. The innovation of this paper is to put forward of inspection firewall fine grained access control on SDN State. by comparing the packet delay and connection establishment speed of the two firewalls, it can be concluded that the firewall system based on state detection has shorter delay time, in general, the connection establishment time takes up less proportion in the whole data transmission. Therefore, in summary, the overall performance of state-based firewall system is better than that of packet filtering firewall system.
Optimal proportional control applied to direct current motor
Authors: Devia Narváez D , Devia Narváez D , Ospina R
Published: November 2019

This article shows the implementation of the proportional optimum control over a singular input, multiple output system, which corresponds to the speed control of a direct current motor. For this study, the controllability and observability of the model is verified to guarantee stabilization with the applied control, the system of state equations is defined and finally the optimal controller is designed with the specified requirements, in such a way as to minimize the time of response to an input signal.
Comparison of different classification techniques for the discrimination of patients with pathologies of Parkinson
Authors: Devia Narváez D , Devia Narváez D , Ospina R
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a brief description of the application of the technique of support-vector machines in order to classify patients with pathologies of Parkinson’s disease from voice samples. The problem of linear classification and the case of non-linear classification are addressed, for which the Kernel functions will be used in order to transform the input space into a space of greater dimensionality where it can be classified by means of a hyperplane.
Optimal power flow studies in direct current grids: An application of the bio-inspired elephant swarm water search algorithm
Authors: Montoya O D , Gil-González W , Holguín M
Published: November 2019

Colombian power system is experienced important changes due to the large scale integration of renewable power generation based on solar and wind power; added to the fact that direct current networks have taken important attention, since they are efficient in terms of power loss and voltage profile at distribution or transmission levels For addressing this problem, this paper presents the application of an emerging bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization technique known as elephant swarm water search algorithm to the optimal power flow problem in direct current networks. A master-slave hybrid optimization strategy for optimal power flow analysis is addressed in this paper by decoupling this problem in two optimizing issues. The first problem corresponds to the selection of the power generated by all non-voltage controlled distributed generators; While the second problem lies in the solution of the classical power flow equations in direct current networks. The solution of the master problem (first problem) is made by applying the elephant swarm water search algorithm, while the second problem (slave problem) is solved by a conventional Gauss-Seidel numerical method. The proposed hybrid methodology allows solving the power flow problem by using any basic programming language with minimum computational effort and well-precision when is compared with optimizing packages such as general algebraic modeling system/CONOPT solver and conventional metaheuristic techniques such as genetic algorithms.
Alternative power flow method for direct current resistive grids with constant power loads: A truncated Taylor-based method
Authors: Montoya O D , Gil-González W , Marulanda J J
Published: November 2019

The power flow in electrical system permits analyzing and studying the steady-state behavior of any grid. Additionally, the power flow helps with the proper planning and management of the system. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary to propose power flows with fast convergence and high efficiency in their results. For this reason, this paper presents an alternative power flow approach for direct current networks with constant power loads based on a truncated Taylor-based approximation. This approach is based on a first-order linear approximation reformulated as a recursive, iterative method. It works with a slope variable concept based on derivatives, which allow few iterations and low processing times. Numerical simulations permit identifying the best power flow approaches reported in the specialized literature for radial and mesh dc grids, including the proposed approach. All the simulations were conducted in MATLAB 2015a.
Comparison of approach strategies with dynamic load models in electrical power systems
Authors: Arbeláez S , Orrego E , Villa G
Published: November 2019

This work contains the comparison of some strategies for the approximation of the load of an electrical system with the model of general dynamic load, and in this way obtain a sensitivity of the load connected to the system, this in order to be able to tend to future load aggregations to a given network. The document initially exposes dynamic and static loading models, focusing interest on the general model, dynamic model base for the analysis, then comments on the methods of load estimation and emphasis is placed on the meta-technical technique ant colony system, after explanations of the perturbations and the procedures to be followed in the analysis proposed with the DigSILENT software, finally the comparative results between the estimation and measurement technique are exposed.
Computational study of the three dimensional autoresonance acceleration of electrons cloud in magnetic fields varying on time
Authors: Hernández J A , Orozco E A , Dugar-Zhabon V D
Published: November 2019

There are many particle acceleration mechanisms using electromagnetic waves and external magnetic fields where the electron cyclotron resonance condition is preserved. Among these mechanisms, the gyroresonant acceleration proposed by K. Golovanivsky consists of the 2D acceleration of electrons by a circular polarized standing transversal electric wave and a homogeneous magnetic field, which changes on time to compensate the increase of relativistic factor as the electrons are accelerated. By using an analytical model, he obtained a set of differential equations describing both the evolution of the electron energy and the phase shift between the particle velocity and the the electric field component of the microwave field. The 3D simulation of the electrons bunch acceleration by the TE111 cylindrical mode of 2.45 GHz in frequency and the strength of 100 kV/m, said acceleration mechanism is numerically studied. In our numerical scheme, the inhomogeneous magnetic field is produced by a set of 4 current coils, wherein the currents in the central coils change linearly on time. In the transversal mid plane, the initial magnetic field is fitted to the classical resonance value. The concentration of the electron bunch is ne = 2.6 × 108 cm−3, so the simple particle approximation is used. The electron trajectories, its velocities, and energies are obtained from the numerical solution of the relativistic Newton-Lorentz equation. Finally, the number of accelerated electrons was determined, identifying the favorable regions for the acceleration regime. These results can be useful for the design of gyroresonant accelerator devices. It is worth mentioning that said accelerators can be used as X-ray sources when accelerated electrons hit a metallic target.
Research projects of the Mega-science class in Nuclear University
Authors: Vasiliev A N , Astapov I I , Barbashina N S , Lozovskij D L , Moshkova D M
Published: November 2019

Fundamental research in the field of high energy physics and nuclear physics is carried out at large international experiments with the joint participation of scientific organizations and research universities. This article discusses the features of the participation of a nuclear university in international research projects of the Mega-science class by the example of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. MEPhI is actively involved in the development, operation, and modernization of research projects of the Mega-science class, such as LHC, FAIR, NICA, RHIC, ITER, NEVOD. Participation in these megaprojects gives MEPhI an opportunity to gain unique new knowledge for the development of nuclear technologies and nuclear energy, to increase prestige and to gain access to modern high technologies. These issues were discussed at a conference “Personnel training and legal support for the implementation of scientific projects of the Mega-science class” organized by National Research Nuclear University MEPhI and Kutafin Moscow State Law University on June 20-21, 2019. The aim of the Conference is to discuss the policy management issues of implementation of the Mega-science class research projects.
NEVOD: A unique scientific facility of Megascience class
Authors: Petrukhin A A
Published: November 2019

The term “Megascience” appeared relatively not long time ago and has no distinct definition. Intuitively, this term is understood as something big and certainly expensive, i.e. a concept of “Megascience” is replaced by a concept of “Megamoney”. In this paper, the unique scientific facility “NEVOD Experimental complex” (USF NEVOD), which satisfies all requirements to Megascience facilities, is described. USF NEVOD provides conduction of basic and applied investigations of cosmic rays in the record energy interval 109 − 1019 eV. Obtained scientific results are considered, and their comparison with other, larger scale detectors is discussed. This comparison shows the advantage of original approach used in the NEVOD complex compared to traditional methods of investigations. Taking into account the location of USF NEVOD in the University, the Scientific and Educational Center was organized on its bases. This allows solve two important tasks: to provide permanent operation of USF NEVOD by envolving students and to ensure their training in frame of real scientific experimental investigations. Some other questions of development and functioning of unique scientific facilities are considered, too.
On personnel training for ITER in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kurnaev V , Kurnaev A
Published: November 2019

This paper describes the specifics of ITER, large-scale MegaScience-level international project, and analyzes the current personnel training challenges that Russia, as ITER participant, is facing. ITER needs a lot of specialists qualified in different fields of physics, engineering as well as in management and finance with practical experience in multi-cultural communication. The history of MEPhI involvement in training of undergraduate and PhD students in hot plasma physics and fusion technologies is briefly described. The features of training of students in English at lessons and international conferences and schools are also presented. The evaluation of the number of undergraduate and graduate students needed for training in Russia in fusion with magnetic confinement of plasma and personnel training for the ITER is given. Problems impeding the adequate personnel are enumerated as well as a set of measures that will help boost personnel training for this project.
Review of the Results of Scientific Activities: Protecting Intellectual Property in Russian and American Legal Practice
Authors: Barabashev Alexander G. , Ponomareva Daria V. , Burt Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2019

In this article, the authors analyze the legal regulation of the protection of the results of scientific and technical activities in Russia and the United States. As part of the study, considerable attention is paid to the review of key regulatory acts of both states operating in the designated area, as well as international treaties affecting aspects of the protection of intellectual rights in the field of science and technology. The authors consider the main ways of protecting the results of scientific and technical activities, the system of competent authorities in the field of intellectual rights, including the judiciary. Special attention is focused on the analysis of the judicial practice of both states, which plays a significant role in shaping approaches to the legal regulation of the results of scientific and technical activities. The authors attempt to answer the question: what the similarity and difference between the Russian and American systems of protection of the results of scientific and technical activities is, in particular, the role of the judiciary in the functioning of such systems. In the end the conclusion is made about the prospects for harmonization of the Russian and American approaches to the legal regulation of the results of scientific and technical activities. The article will be relevant to practicing lawyers, researchers, students and everyone who is interested in IP law.
Psycho-akmeologikal peculiarities training for projects of the class of “mega science”
Authors: Kirichenko A V , Zhuk A I
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to psychological and akmeologickal characteristics of professional training for projects of a class “megascience”, which must be considered when implementing them. It proves the necessity of using achievements of psychology and akmeology in the training of leaders, experts, specialists involved in projects of a class “megascience”. A number of psychological and akmeologikal features are noted, in particular, a high level of requirements for them, professional uniqueness, a high degree of responsibility for future scientific and applied results, the exclusivity of their training programs. Emphasizes the need for psychological and akmeologikal support of the entire cycle of training for the implementation of scientific projects class “megascience”, a valid use of qualitative tools, psycho-ecological technologies personal and professional development of specialists of different profile. It proves the urgent need in mastering new techniques, methods and technologies of quality control personnel in research projects of a class “megascience”. It is proved that the use of personal qualimetry in research projects of a class “magicians” valid tools provided modern mathematical apparatus allows to reduce human risks, more effective use of mathematical models in solving personnel issues, aimed at improving the level of efficiency of implementation of scientific projects class “megascience”. The proposed model of measuring the competencies of a specialist through the use of expert estimation. The description of the computer model is given, which allows to obtain the necessary information regarding the process of training a specialist and to build a verified trajectory of his professional development.
Public-private partnership in implementing “mega-science” projects
Authors: Moshkova D M
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes the legal aspects for establishing and operating unique scientific facilities of the megascience class. In particular, the paper considers the issue of financing megascience projects from budgetary funds and extra-budgetary funds. The mechanism of public-private partnership and the possibility of its application in implementing the “mega-science” class projects are analyzed. In addition, the main foreign and Russian megascience projects are briefly characterized.
Legal status of scientific collaborations in the implementation of megascience projects
Authors: Gorlova E
Published: November 2019

Scientific collaboration can be viewed as an enlarged infrastructural element of the science and technology sector: an element comprising of scientific organizations, scientific equipment, and researchers. Thus, the formation of scientific collaborations requires the interaction of these three key elements. The projects which are currently under way or are planned for implementation in the coming years bring together research teams from different cities, countries and fields of scientific knowledge. These groups of researchers team up to achieve common goals on the basis of a decision taken by a state or a group of states to create a megascience project. The initiative to form a scientific collaboration may come from a scientific centre or a group of scientists, but the foundation of a scientific association within the framework of the megascience project occurs only as a result of a decision of a state or groups of states legalized in a specific way. This may come in the form of a conclusion of an international agreement on the foundation of a megascience project, the issuance of a directive from the public authority to establish a scientific centre, or the establishment of a legal entity with special powers to conduct activities within the megascience project. The study showed that the legal problems of scientific collaboration should be studied on the basis of the principles of interdisciplinarity, efficiency and effectiveness, independence, collaboration, financial security, freedom of movement of goods and funds for collaboration needs, priority of the public interest over the interests of individuals.
Scientific personnel training in convolutional neural networks for the implementation of research projects of the MegaScience class
Authors: Shtanko A N , Kulik S D
Published: November 2019

Megascience projects require an all-inclusive interdisciplinary approach. Because of that scientific personnel engaged in projects of this type must possess relevant required interdisciplinary skills. Artificial intelligence in particular convolutional neural networks has a wide range of applications, and it could be used to solve complicated problems in all kinds of various fields of science. Thus, the understanding of the principles of neural networks’ working is a necessary skill for scientific personnel. In this paper, we’re considering practical examples and fields of applications of neural networks in the real world.
Legal Status of Academic Professionals in France: Experience for Russia
Authors: Zakharova M V
Published: November 2019

In terms of social (public) needs, science is a global system. General laws of nature expand beyond political boundaries. This process is currently driven by an increase in the number of the countries actively participating in the scientific (research) process; a significant increase in the number of international scientific (research) teams and articles published by them; an increase in the number of international grant programs. At the same time, the legal status of academic professionals (scientists, researchers, etc.) – who are the direct actors of scientific (research) activities – differs significantly in different countries of the world. As the Russian President pointed out: “it is critically important to focus resources on supporting talented, committed researchers and teachers, to create the conditions in which the best domestic and foreign, primarily young, scientists, promising university graduates, would, certainly, aspire to work in Russian higher education institutions”. In order for the presented political platform of the head of state to be implemented, it is important to choose – based of a comparative analysis of the existing models of legal regulation of the status of academic professionals in the global legal space – as strategically important for implementation, a model that would meet the requirements of government (public governance) efficiency. The article analyzes the constituents of the legal status of academic professionals in France. Based on diachronic and synchronic comparison, the author draws conclusions with regard to the possibility of using efficient French legal models for the purpose of reforming the sector of Russian law related to academic (research and education) matters.