bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotational Bed Therapy to Prevent and Treat Respiratory Complications: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goldhill David R. , Imhoff Michael , McLean Barbara , Waldmann Carl
Published: April 2020

• Background Immobility is associated with complications involving many body systems.

• Objective To review the effect of rotational therapy (use of therapeutic surfaces that turn on their longitudinal axes) on prevention and/or treatment of respiratory complications in critically ill patients.

• Methods Published articles evaluating prophylaxis and/or treatment were reviewed. Prospective randomized controlled trials were assessed for quality and included in meta-analyses.

• Results A literature search yielded 15 nonrandomized, uncontrolled, or retrospective studies. Twenty prospective randomized controlled trials on rotational therapy were published between 1987 and 2004. Various types of beds were studied, but few details on the rotational parameters were reported. The usual control was manual turning of patients by nurses every 2 hours. One animal investigation and 12 clinical trials addressed the effectiveness of rotational therapy in preventing respiratory complications. Significant benefits were reported in the animal study and 4 of the trials. Significant benefits to patients were reported in 2 of another 4 studies focused on treatment of established complications. Researchers have examined the effects of rotational therapy on mucus transport, intrapulmonary shunt, hemodynamic effects, urine output, and intracranial pressure. Little convincing evidence is available, however, on the most effective rotation parameters (eg, degree, pause time, and amount of time per day). Meta-analysis suggests that rotational therapy decreases the incidence of pneumonia but has no effect on duration of mechanical ventilation, number of days in intensive care, or hospital mortality.

• Conclusions Rotational therapy may be useful for preventing and treating respiratory complications in selected critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Deterioração dos termos de troca e industrialização protegida: o pioneirismo de Simonsen
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos Henrique Lopes , Jurgenfeld Vanessa Follmann
Published: April 2020

Importantes interpretações sobre a América Latina – a deterioração dos termos de troca no comércio internacional e a defesa da industrialização periférica, por meio do planejamento como meio de superação do subdesenvolvimento – costumam ser atribuídas como originárias da Comissão Econômica para América Latina e Caribe (Cepal) e, mais precisamente, a Raúl Prebisch. A discussão feita por Roberto Simonsen no Brasil ainda é frequentemente ignorada. Simonsen escreveu sobre esses temas entre a década de 1920 e 1948. Neste período, seus textos sobre o Brasil trouxeram discussão similar a que traria posteriormente a Cepal. Para entender a importância de Simonsen neste debate, o artigo busca fazer uma comparação entre as suas ideias e a produção inicial da Cepal, especialmente o texto de 1949, assinado por Prebisch, intitulado “O desenvolvimento econômico da América Latina e alguns dos seus problemas principais”.
Espaços verdes urbanos: revendo paradigmas
Authors: Silva Romero Gomes Pereira da , Lima Cláudia Lins , Saito Carlos Hiroo
Published: April 2020

Apesar do conceito de áreas verdes urbanas parecer cristalizado na literatura cientifica brasileira, após a promulgação da Lei nº 12.651/2012 (conhecida como Novo Código Florestal) o termo passou a ter aplicação diferente, porém pouco difundida. Constatou-se assim, que o termo áreas verdes urbanas não se aplica à maioria dos estudos e análises técnicas-científicas, uma vez que as áreas verdes urbanas teriam de estar localizadas em locais indisponíveis para moradias, conforme explana este artigo. Em seguida, os autores correlacionam áreas verdes urbanas com o termo espaços verdes urbanos, ao qual apresenta-se mais apropriado em termos de aplicabilidade científica e não possui restrições legais ou técnicas. Para além da importante revisão conceitual, o artigo discorre sobre a importância destes espaços em termos da gestão e sob a égide dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável propostos pela Organização da Nações Unidas. Por fim, há uma reflexão da importância de estabelecer os espaços verdes urbanos como equipamentos urbanos e terem vitalidade para a efetividade da sustentabilidade nas cidades.
Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Fermented Milk With Different Blends of Theobroma grandiflorum and Theobroma cacao
Authors: Paula Nélio Ranieli F. , Araújo Érica O. , Almeida Emily E. , Rezende Aretha Steffany da Silva
Published: April 2020

The production of fermented milk added of fruits is a considerable alternative for dairy industries and can constitute a rational and logical form of different types of processing, in various flavors, being part of a promising market in the Brazilian scenario. In view of the above, the present study aimed to research the biotechnological processes of production of fermented milk with different blends of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with six treatments, consisting of different concentrations of pulp (blends) of cocoa and cupuaçu (T1: 100% cupuaçu, T2: 100% cocoa, T3: 50% cupuaçu + 50% cocoa, T4: 60% cupuaçu + 40% cocoa, T5: 70% cupuaçu + 30% cocoa, and T6: 80% cupuaçu + 20% cocoa) and four replicates. The results showed that the production of fermented milk added with 100% cocoa and 70% cupuaçu + 30% cocoa showed good lightness, yellowish color, slight sweetness and moderate acidity, according to the data of a*, b*, %Brix and pH. Fermented milk added of 100% cupuaçu, 70% cupuaçu + 30% cocoa and 60% cupuaçu + 40% cocoa had greater acceptability in regard to color and texture, while fermented milk added of 70% cupuaçu + 30% cocoa had the highest values of acceptability for aroma and flavor. The production of fermented milk with the use of different regional raw materials is feasible, because there is great potential as a sustainable alternative, and the addition of pulp of Amazonian fruits promotes greater nutritional and sensory value in fermented milk, contributing to the regional economy.
Optimum Time for Harvesting Cassava Tubers to Reduce Losses Due to Cassava Brown Streak Disease in Northeastern DRC
Authors: Muhindo Honoré , Wembonyama François , Yengele Odette , Songbo Médard , Tata-Hangy Willy , Sikirou Mouritala , Pita Justin , Monde Godefroid
Published: April 2020

The present study aimed to determine the appropriate time to harvest cassava tuberous root which minimize the losses due to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) in the region of Yangambi, DRC. To achieve the aim of the study, 38 cassava cultivars were evaluated in Yangambi INERA’s Research Center for CBSD in the roots at harvest time between 9 and 13 months after planting (MAP). All the 38 cultivars tested showed CBSD root necrosis symptoms. Foliar symptoms occurred on 37.6% of the evaluated cultivars while CBSD root necrosis varied significantly among cultivars (7.0% to 82.5%) depending on susceptibility and the age of plant. This indicates the differential response of the cultivars to CBSD infection.

Whitefly population density decreased with age of cassava, it was of 3 whiteflies per plant (9 MAP) to 1 (10 MAP). We noticed that in older plants, whitefly population decreased from 1 at 11 MAP to none at 13 MAP. Although, some cultivars did not show CBSD symptoms up to 12 MAP, they were not necessarily less attractive to whitefly. Negative relationship (r = -0.08 and r = -0.25) has been found between whitefly number and foliar symptom severity or between whitefly and tuber necrosis severity. Beyond 12 MAP, CBSD necrosis (severity score 4) was present in the tubers of 3 cultivars (EUR/2011/0148, Yafelamonene and Ybi/2011/258). Our study shows that in order to mitigate the losses due to CBSD necrosis, the optimum harvesting time for cassava tubers in Yangambi is 9 MAP.
Modeling Thermal Stratification Effects in Lakes and Reservoirs
Authors: A. Wells Scott
Published: April 2020

A brief overview of characteristics of stratified water bodies is followed by an in-depth analysis of the governing equations for modeling hydrodynamics and water quality. Equations are presented for continuity or the fluid mass balance; x-momentum, y-momentum, and z-momentum equations; mass constituent balance equation; the heat balance equation for temperature; and the equation of state (relating density to temperature and concentration of dissolved and suspended solids). Additional equations and simplifications such as the water surface equation and changes to the pressure gradient term are shown. Many of the assumptions that are made in water quality models are discussed and shown. Typical water quality source-sink terms for temperature, dissolved oxygen, algae, and nutrients are listed. A summary of some typical water quality models for lakes and reservoirs is shown. Two case studies showing how models can predict temperature and dissolved oxygen dynamics in stratified reservoirs are shown. The brief summary looks at ways to improve water quality and hydrodynamic models of lakes and reservoirs.
Space-Time Finite Element Method for Seismic Analysis of Concrete Dam
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Murakami Akira , Fujisawa Kazunori
Published: April 2020

Finite element method (FEM) is the most extended approach for analyzing the design of the dams against earthquake motion. In such simulations, time integration schemes are employed to obtain the response of the dam at time tn+1 from the known response at time tn. To this end, it is desirable that such schemes are high-order accurate in time and remain unconditionally stable large time-step size can be employed to decrease the computation cost. Moreover, such schemes should attenuate the high-frequency components from the response of structure being studied. Keeping this in view, this chapter presents the theory of time-discontinuous space-time finite element method (ST/FEM) and its application to obtain the response of dam-reservoir system to seismic loading.
Surface microbiology of the electronic menu in  all-you-can-eat sushi restaurants in Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Lam Destiny , Moos Melissa , Meldrum Richard
Published: April 2020

The use of electronic menus within the food industry is rapidly expanding. Currently, the role of electronic menus as a vehicle for pathogens has not been explored within the restaurant setting. This preliminary study was conducted to assess the hygienic cleanliness of electronic menus and identify if their use in all-you-can-eat (AYCE) sushi restaurants may pose a public health hazard. Five AYCE sushi restaurants in Toronto, Ontario, with electronic menus were randomly selected and were visited twice by the researcher and a public health inspector. A total of 30 electronic menus were sampled using 3M hydrated sponges with buffered peptone water broth and tested for E. coli and total coliforms. All electronic menus tested negative for E. coli although four electronic menus showed presence of total coliforms. The findings from this study suggest the current use of tablets as electronic menus in AYCE sushi restaurants may be less threatening to the safety of the public than previously thought. However, it is important for restaurants to be aware of the potential for electronic menus to serve as a fomite, and proper sanitation procedures should be monitored and enforced to maintain cleanliness.
Local government reforms in Estonia: institutional context, intentions and outcomes
Authors: Gribanova Galina I. , Sootla Georg
Published: April 2020

The local government reforms of 1989 and 1993 were intended to establish a dual pattern of central-local relations in Estonia. The choice of this model was inspired and supported by the Nordic states. Although the legal framework for local government has remained untouched since 1993, the introduction of institutional mechanisms for strong local autonomy was not a success. The first part of this article seeks to identify the main factors that inhibited the launch of the new institutional model. These were a lack of strategic influence on national policy-making, poor cooperation from local authorities, and the diminishing role of county-level governments and their subsequent liquidation. The second part of the article analyses the objectives and results of the local government amalgamation reform of 2017 as well as the theoretical and practical possibilities to re-establish central-local balances in Estonia. The analysis draws on institutional theory, which explains the effect of deep value patterns and concrete political choices on the institutionalization logic followed after the 1993 reform. It is concluded that the local elites retaining their old value patterns will downplay the effect of the 2017 reform.
Methodological approaches in the design of Smart Specialization Strategy in Serbia
Authors: Kutlača Đuro , Živković Lazar , Popović-Pantić Sanja
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to present two methodological approaches to the analysis of the regional potentials in the Republic of Serbia as a first out of the six-step phases of the development of Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialization (RIS3). Within the quantitative analysis of regional/national context, two approaches that have been used in order to select preliminary priority areas are Location Quotient (LQ) and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). This paper presents discussions related to challenges of implementation of a methodology for selection of priority sectors in the economy based on the use of LQ (LQ≥1.5) and use of MCDM methods for aggregation of all available indicators in order to be able to produce ranking lists of all active sectors in the Republic of Serbia. Both implemented methods are relatively simple. The use of the LQ method is very useful in order to select a limited number of priorities, while the MCDM method is ideal for consolidating all available indicators into one indicator: forming a ranking list of all NACE sector groups in the region or country, with the precise position of each group.
The Development and Application of Core Fundamental Nursing Skills Improvement Education Program for New Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Ward
Authors: Choi Eun Young , An Kum Hee , Oh In Ohg , Park Ai Hee , Park Min Hyun , Son Jae Lee , Hong Na Suk , Yoon Ho Soon
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the development and application of the new nurses' core skill program on the clinical skill, confidence, knowledge and performance of new nurses. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group post-test design on 46 new nurses with 3 to 6 months work experience in a general hospital. Data were collected from August 2015 to August 2016. A training program of core fundamental nursing skills was applied on 23 new nurses from 2016 in the experiment group, and an existing training method was applied on 23 new nurses from 2015 in the comparison group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: The experimental group ($89{pm}4.29$) showed higher score in practical skill assessment compared to the control group ($85.09{pm}3.99$) and showed a statistically significant difference (p<001). Conclusion: A training program of core fundamental nursing skills for new nurses proved effective in improving practical skills. Further research on the development of a systemic training program that can improve clinical nursing knowledge and work ability for new nurses according to the extended enforcement of a Nursing Care Integrated Service ward is needed.
Interprofessional Education Programs for Nursing Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Park Hayoung , Cho Jinyoung , Chu Sang Hui
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how interprofessional education has been designed, implemented, and evaluated in undergraduate programs in nursing through a systematic review. Methods: The literature was searched using the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane central databases to identify interventional studies including teaching-learning activities among nursing students and other disciplines in English between January 2000 and May 2017. Thirty studies were selected for the analysis. Results: Twenty-four studies out of 30 were designed as a pre-post, no control group, quasi-experimental study design. Interprofessional education learners were primarily engaged in medicine, physical therapy, dentistry, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy. Patient care related activity was the most frequently selected topic and simulation was the most common teaching-learning method. Evaluation of learning outcomes was mainly based on the aspects of teams and collaboration, professional identity, roles and responsibilities, patient care, and communication skills. Nursing students in 26 out of the 30 reviewed studies were found to benefit from interprofessional education, with outcome effects primarily related to changes in learning outcomes. Conclusion: The development and integration of interprofessional education with collaborative practices may offer opportunities in nursing education for training professional nurses of the future.
Influencing Factors on Care Burden among Family Caregivers for Elders with Dementia: Focusing on Family Caregivers using a Support Center for Dementia
Authors: Lim Kyung Choon
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to explore influencing factors on care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia living at home. Methods: Participants in this study were 211 family caregivers who were taking care of elders registered at a support center for dementia located in S-gu, Seoul. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression in SPSS WIN 23.0. Results: The care burden of family caregivers was mild to moderate ($40.31{pm}21.50$) in this study. The factors influencing care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia were the age, behavioral problems, and dependency in instrumental activities of daily living of demented elderly, in addition to the perceived health status and resting hours of family caregivers. Overall, these factors explained 46.5% of the total variability in care burden in this sample (F=13.01, p<.001). Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that the characteristics of demented elderly and family caregivers can influence care burden differently. Individually tailored strategies based on the various caregiving contexts need to be developed to reduce the level of care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia.
Development and Effects of Health Education Program using Flipped Learning for Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Lee Young Sil , Eun Young
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and test effects of flipped learning on a health education program for allergic rhinitis patients. Methods: The study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, with 38 participants (experimental group: 19, control group: 19). The education program for allergic rhinitis patients with flipped learning developed for this study was conducted in pre-class, in-class, and post-class stages for a total of 12 weeks. For the in-class stage, a TREAT model suitable for patient education program was developed. Data were analyzed with an independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in knowledge (F=15.029, p<.001), self-efficacy (F=6.814, p<.001) and self-care behavior (F=41.761, p<.001). In addition, subjective symptoms (F=61.453, p<.001) and quality of life (F=52.413, p<.001) improved. Conclusion: The results of this study show that flipped learning in an education program is an effective method for those in their twenties persistent moderate-severe allergic rhinitis. Therefore, the education program for allergic rhinitis developed by this study is actively recommended for nurses or health managers at universities to educate subjects in their twenties with allergic rhinitis.
The Influence of Voice Behavior, Self-esteem and Sexual Knowledge on Sexual Assertiveness of Nursing College Students
Authors: Woo Chung Hee , Park Ju Young
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The study was done to investigate the influence of voice behavior, self-esteem and sexual knowledge on sexual assertiveness of nursing college students. Methods: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure voice behavior, self-esteem, sexual knowledge and sexual assertiveness. During March, 2019, data were collected from 133 nursing students in D city and G city. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Voice behavior and self-esteem were positively correlated with the sexual assertiveness of participants, while voice behavior was positively correlated with the self-esteem of participants. Also, self-esteem was a significant predictor of sexual assertiveness in nursing college students. The predictor explained 12% of their sexual assertiveness. Conclusion: The finding indicates that self-esteem is an important factor for sexual assertiveness of nursing students. It is also expected that self-esteem can further promote their sexual assertiveness.
Facteurs d’inquiétante étrangeté dans les tableaux vivants de l’art contemporain. L’apport du récit littéraire
Authors: Boucher Mélanie
Published: April 2020

This article considers three central components of tableaux vivants — the transfers of medium that characterize them; their inscription in various disciplines whose codes they partly adopt; and the imperfect immobility they present — that make the expression of the uncanny possible in contemporary art tableaux. Unlike historical and popular tableaux vivants or those related to other disciplines, contemporary art tableaux tend to reproduce not one, but several historical sources and to link them to aspects of personal life. In addition, they tend to exploit different strategies to integrate motion with immobility, which amplifies the effect of the uncanny. This article draws additionally on literary works that feature narratives of tableaux vivants and related practices to investigate the uncanny in contemporary art tableaux.
The impact of graphic works of Giovanni Battista Piranesi upon the formation of conceptual architecture and real architectural space
Authors: Lysenkov Aleksei Yur'evich , Lysenkova Liliya Faatovna
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the graphic heritage of the prominent Venetian master of the XVIII century Giovanni Battista Piranesi. The goal consists in examination of the role of Piranesi’s heritage in history of art and architecture. The author demonstrates the key milestones of his creative path, reveals the fundamental conceptual questions and themes of his graphic compositions. The defining influence of the depicted architectural compositions of Piranesi on the formation of one or another architectural object is viewed on the particular historical examples. The main research method consists in drawing parallels and designation of continuity of architectural ideas between the works of Giovanni Battista Piranesi and such architects successors as Joseph Paxton, Antonio Sant'Elia, Tony Garnier, Pietro di Gottardo Gonzaga, Ivan Leonidov, etc. The scientific novelty and practical importance of the article lies in tracing the trajectory of influence of the ideas, themes and architectural-spatial solutions of the great aquafortist upon his contemporaries and all following generations of architects. Particular historical examples demonstrate the defining influence of the depicted architectural compositions of Piranesi on the formation of one or another architectural object, as well as the emergence of famous conceptual architectural projects (including projects-utopias) in historical retrospective until the present time.
Interface Engineering and Direct Observation of Strengthening Behavior in Field‐Sintered Boron Nitride Nanotube–Magnesium Alloy Composite
Authors: Nautiyal Pranjal , Denis Noemie , Dolmetsch Tyler , Zhang Cheng , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind
Published: April 2020

Boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) is integrated in AZ31 magnesium alloy by field‐assisted powder metallurgy route. A mat of BNNT is sputter‐coated with pure Mg and then sandwiched between AZ31 alloy powders. This layered composite is consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). A high processing pressure of 400 MPa aids in intimate alloy–nanotube adhesion due to localized deformation. Thermal diffusion between AZ31 and BNNT (at 400 °C sintering temperature) results in the formation of Mg3N2 and AlN nanophases at the interface. Due to ultrafast Joule heating during SPS, the reactions are kinetically controlled, and only trace amounts of products are formed without compromising the characteristics of the nanotubes. The interphases aid in reactive bonding between AZ31 and BNNT, which is essential for load‐bearing applications. In situ double cantilever loading of the composite inside the scanning electron microscope shows that the nanotubes bridge, resist, and delay crack propagation. These findings demonstrate the promise of thermally stable BNNTs as reinforcement for engineering lightweight Mg‐based structural composites.
Evolving Strategies for Producing Multiscale Graphene‐Enhanced Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Composites for Smart Structural Applications
Authors: Mirabedini Azadeh , Ang Andrew , Nikzad Mostafa , Fox Bronwyn , Lau Kin‐Tak , Hameed Nishar
Published: April 2020

Graphene has become an important research focus in many current fields of science including composite manufacturing. Developmental work in the field of graphene‐enhanced composites has revealed several functional and structural characteristics that promise great benefits for their use in a broad range of applications. There has been much interest in the production of multiscale high‐performance, lightweight, yet robust, multifunctional graphene‐enhanced fiber‐reinforced polymer (gFRP) composites. Although there are many reports that document performance enhancement in materials through the inclusion of graphene nanomaterials into a matrix, or its integration onto the reinforcing fiber component, only a few graphene‐based products have actually made the transition to the marketplace. The primary focus of this work concerns the structural gFRPs and discussion on the corresponding manufacturing methodologies for the effective incorporation of graphene into these systems. Another important aspect of this work is to present recent results and highlight the excellent functional and structural properties of the resulting gFRP materials with a view to their future applications. Development of clear standards for the assessment of graphene material properties, improvement of existing materials and scalable manufacturing technologies, and specific regulations concerning human health and environmental safety are key factors to accelerate the successful commercialization of gFRPs.
Metal Coordination Sphere Deformation Induced Highly Stokes‐Shifted, Ultra Broadband Emission in 2D Hybrid Lead‐Bromide Perovskites and Investigation of Its Origin
Authors: Febriansyah Benny , Borzda Tetiana , Cortecchia Daniele , Neutzner Stefanie , Folpini Giulia , Koh Teck Ming , Li Yongxin , Mathews Nripan , Petrozza Annamaria , England Jason
Published: April 2020

Published studies of layered (2D) (100)‐oriented hybrid lead‐bromide perovskites evidence a correlation between increased inter‐octahedral (Pb‐Br‐Pb) distortions and the appearance of broadband white light emission. However, the impact of distortions within their constituent [PbBr6]4− octahedra has yet to be assessed. Herein, we report two new (100)‐oriented 2D Pb‐Br perovskites, whose structures display unusually high intra‐octahedral distortions, whilst retaining minimal inter‐octahedral distortions. Using a combination of temperature‐dependent, power‐dependent and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements, we show that increased intra‐octahedral distortion induces exciton localization processes and leads to formation of multiple photoinduced emissive colour centres. Ultimately, this leads to highly Stokes‐shifted, ultrabroad white light emission at room temperature.
Advancing DNA Steganography with Incorporation of Randomness
Authors: Cui Meiying , Zhang Yixin
Published: April 2020

DNA has become a promising candidate as a future data storage medium; this makes DNA steganography indispensable in DNA data security. PCR primers are conventional secret keys in DNA steganography. Brute force testing of different primers will be extremely time consuming, and practically unaffordable when high‐throughput sequencing is used. However, the encrypted information can be sequenced and read once the primers are intercepted. A new steganography approach is needed to make the DNA‐encoded information safer, if not unhackable. Mixing information‐carrying DNA with a partially degenerated DNA library containing single or multiple restriction sites, we have built an additional protective layer that can be removed by desired restriction enzymes as secondary secret keys. As PCR is inevitable for reading DNA‐encrypted information, heating will cause reshuffling and generate endonuclease‐resistant mismatched duplexes, especially for DNA with high sequence diversity. Consequently, with the incorporation of randomness, DNA steganography possesses both quantum key distribution (QKD)‐like function for detecting PCR by an interceptor and a self‐destructive property. It is noteworthy that the background noise generated through the protective layer is independent from any sequencing technology including Sanger and high‐throughput sequencing. With a DNA ink incorporating the steganography, we have shown that the authenticity of a piece of writing can be confirmed only by authorized persons with knowledge of all embedded keys.
Monitoring Dicer‐Mediated miRNA‐21 Maturation and Ago2 Loading by a Dual‐Colour FIT PNA Probe Set
Authors: Loibl Natalia , Arenz Christoph , Seitz Oliver
Published: April 2020

The inhibition of micro RNA (miRNA) maturation by Dicer and loading matured miRNAs into the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) is envisioned as a modality for treatment of cancer. Existing methods for evaluating maturation either focus on the conversion of modified precursors or detect mature miRNA. Whereas the former is not applicable to native pre‐miRNA, the latter approach underestimates maturation when both nonmatured and matured miRNA molecules are subject to cleavage. We present a set of two orthogonally labelled FIT PNA probes that distinguish between cleaved pre‐miRNA and the mature miRNA duplex. The probes allow Dicer‐mediated miR21 maturation to be monitored and Ago2‐mediated unwinding of the miR21 duplex to be assayed. A two‐channel fluorescence readout enables measurement in real‐time without the need for specialized instrumentation or further enzyme mediated amplification.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from B. forficata subsp. Pruinosa
Authors: Palsikowski Paula A. , Besen Letícia M. , Klein Elissandro J. , da Silva Camila , da Silva Edson A.
Published: April 2020

Extracts containing bioactive compounds were obtained from Bauhinia forficata leaves by ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) with three different solvents (n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) and were compared with those obtained by a conventional method (maceration). Box‐Behnken experimental design was applied to examine and optimize the effect of the extraction temperature (40°C‐60°C), power (20%‐80%), and sample to solvent ratio (1:10 to 1:20 (w/v)) on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of B. forficata leaf extracts. This experimental design generated second‐order polynomial models, which accurately describe the experimental data, allowing the prediction of optimal conditions for the investigated responses. Optimal extraction was achieved under the following conditions: 80% power, temperature of 41°C, and a 1:20 sample to solvent ratio. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 8.33 ± 0.32%, total phenolic content was 59.47 ± 0.71 mg GAE · gextract−1, total flavonoid content was 62.30 ± 3.38 mg QE · gextract−1, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power was 726.7 ± 15.7 μmol Fe(II)EQ · gextract−1, which were close to the predicted values, which validated the models. The major compounds found in B. forficata extracts were tocopherols, phytol, heneicosane, and β‐Sitosterol.
An Ultrasound‐Triggered ROS Sustained Supplier Based on Open Source and Reduce Expenditure Strategy for Colon Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Cao Fang , Zhu Ling , Hou Lin , Zhang Zhenzhong
Published: April 2020

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a decisive role in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). However, hypoxic microenvironment of tumors and short lifetime of ROS limit the implementation of SDT. In this work, an ultrasound (US)‐triggered ROS sustained supplier based on open source and reduce expenditure strategy was constructed. The mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles (MTN) were used as carriers and sonosensitizers, to load US‐responsive perfluoropentane (PFP) and bleomycin (BLM), a blocking agent to reduce ROS scavenging. Thereafter, nanoparticles were wrapped by red blood cell membrane (RBCm) with TKD modification (TKD@RMPB). Under US irradiation, MTN disintegrated into small TiO2 nanoparticles to release PFP and BLM. PFP effectively supplied O2 to enhance ROS generation. Furthermore, BLM reduced the activity of SOD enzyme so that ROS clearance would decrease. This dual role contributed ROS explosive accumulation in tumor cells. In vitro results showed the ROS level of TKD@RMPB group was 3.62 times that of MTN group. Compared with MTN, the proportion of DNA damage in TKD@RMPB group increased by 2.23 times. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that TKD@RMPB could significantly reduce pulmonary fibrotic lesions caused by BLM, suggesting that TKD@RMPB realized simultaneous chemotherapy and SDT for HT‐29 colon cancer with high efficiency and low toxicity.
SilverSil: A New Class of Antibacterial Materials of Broad Scope
Authors: Trabelsi Keren , Ciriminna Rosaria , Albo Yael , Pagliaro Mario
Published: April 2020

Consisting of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) physically doped with Ag nanoparticles, the SilverSil new class of antibacterial materials of broad scope reported herein shows remarkably high and stable activity against representative Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The low cost, ease of application and excellent health and environmental profile of SilverSil hybrid glassy coatings open the route to their widespread utilization across domestic, hospital, school, industrial and commercial environments and in consumer products.
A qualitative investigation of a mindfulness‐based yoga program for educators: How program attendance relates to outcomes
Authors: Schussler Deborah L. , Harris Alexis R. , Greenberg Mark T.
Published: April 2020

Contemplative professional development interventions seek to help educators manage stress and improve emotion regulation, yet the mechanisms of action revealing how they result in positive psychological and physical outcomes remain unclear. Using focus groups based on levels of attendance, this qualitative study examined how educators with different levels of attendance perceived their experiences in Community Approach to Learning Mindfully (CALM), a mindfulness‐based yoga program. Using theory‐driven and data‐driven codes, two researchers adopted a thematic analytical approach to independently code interviews. Results suggest that individuals across all groups indicated participation in CALM stimulated awareness of some kind—somatic, emotional, or awareness of thought patterns. However, participants who attended more frequently were more likely to practice mindfulness informally during routine activities. This increased skill integration was associated with improved outcomes. Program acceptability was high across attendance groups although those with low attendance felt stressed making time to attend the program. Collegiality emerged as an important benefit and catalyst for reinforcing practices. Implications for professional development are discussed, including the role of collegiality and the importance of program readiness.
Tracheal and lower airway changes in a patient with mucolipidosis type II
Authors: Poore Thomas S. , Prager Jeremy , Weinman Jason P. , Larson Austin , Houin Paul
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Mucolipidosis type II (MLII) is a lysosomal storage disease causing systemic deposition of mucopolysaccharides. We describe imaging and bronchoscopy findings not previously reported in the literature in a child with MLII.

Case

A 9‐year‐old with MLII s/p hematopoietic stem‐cell transplant (HSCT), bronchiectasis, and aspiration presented with recurrent respiratory illnesses. Bronchoscopy and chest computed tomography were performed, showing a saber‐sheath trachea with fixed narrowing and curvature.

Discussion

This case describes potentially life‐threatening airway distortion in MLII despite HSCT that cannot be ameliorated with tracheostomy. Etiology is unknown but likely due to abnormal deposition causing an immobile, stenotic airway and restricted thorax.
A mathematical discussion of Pons Viver's implementation of Löwdin's spin projection operator
Authors: Yoshizawa Terutaka
Published: April 2020

Recently, the molecular electronic structure theories for efficiently treating static (or strong) correlation in a black‐box manner have attracted much attention. In these theories, a spin projection operator is used to recover the spin symmetry of a broken‐symmetry Slater determinant. Very recently, Pons Viver proposed the practical and exact implementation of Löwdin's spin projection operator (Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2019, 119, e25770). In the present study, we attempt to supply mathematical proofs to Pons Viver's proposals and show a condition for establishing Pons Viver's implementation. Moreover, we explicitly derive the (spin projected) extended Hartree‐Fock (EHF) equations on the basis of the model of common orbitals (ie, closed‐shell orbitals used in the restricted open‐shell Hartree‐Fock (ROHF) method), which was combined by Pons Viver with the EHF method.
Design and control of an image‐guided robot for spine surgery in a hybrid OR
Authors: Balicki Marcin , Kyne Sean , Toporek Grzegorz , Holthuizen Ronald , Homan Robert , Popovic Aleksandra , Burström Gustav , Persson Oscar , Edström Erik , Elmi‐Terander Adrian , Patriciu Alexandru
Published: April 2020

Background

Minimally invasive spine (MIS) fusion surgery requires image guidance and expert manual dexterity for a successful, efficient, and accurate pedicle screw placement. Operating room (OR)‐integrated robotic solution can provide precise assistance to potentially minimize complication rates and facilitate difficult MIS procedures.

Methods

A 5‐degrees of freedom robot was designed specifically for a hybrid OR with integrated surgical navigation for guiding pedicle screw pilot holes. The system automatically aligns an instrument following the surgical plan using only instrument tracking feedback. Contrary to commercially available robotic systems, no tracking markers on the robotic arm are required. The system was evaluated in a cadaver study.

Results

The mean targeting error (N = 34) was 1.27±0.57 mm and 1.62±0.85°, with 100% of insertions graded as clinically acceptable.

Conclusions

A fully integrated robotic guidance system, including intra‐op imaging, planning, and physical guidance with optimized robot design and control, can improve workflow and provide pedicle screw guidance with less than 2 mm targeting error.
Take Pause in Quiet Moments: Engaging in Reflection to Guide Instruction
Authors: Mills Angela M. , Weaver Joanna C. , Bertelsen Cynthia D. , Dziak Erin T.
Published: April 2020

With the pressures put on teachers today to meet standards, cover a dense curriculum, and be involved in numerous meetings, taking the time to reflect on instruction may be pushed aside. The authors examined the importance of reflection and its impact on teaching and learning. Reflection allows teachers to evaluate subjective and objective criteria that help them respond and make modifications to lessons. Many teachers engage in reflection intuitively. The authors describe how one teacher fully engages in the reflective process through the use of the reflective SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) strategy. In an era of accountability, SOAP notes help document instruction and student learning, thus benefiting educators and students. The SOAP notes model can be applied to any content area across all grade bands. One must consider the question of how teachers can fully engage in reflection to improve instruction and meet the learning needs of their students.
Presurgical Localization of the Primary Sensorimotor Cortex in Gliomas
Authors: Voets Natalie L. , Plaha Puneet , Parker Jones Oiwi , Pretorius Pieter , Bartsch Andreas
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has an established role in neurosurgical planning; however, ambiguity surrounds the comparative value of resting and task-based fMRI relative to anatomical localization of the sensorimotor cortex. This study was carried out to determine: 1) how often fMRI adds to prediction of motor risks beyond expert neuroradiological review, 2) success rates of presurgical resting and task-based sensorimotor mapping, and 3) the impact of accelerated resting fMRI acquisitions on network detectability.

Methods

Data were collected at 2 centers from 71 patients with a primary brain tumor (31 women; mean age 41.9 ± 13.9 years) and 14 healthy individuals (6 women; mean age 37.9 ± 12.7 years). Preoperative 3T MRI included anatomical scans and resting fMRI using unaccelerated (TR = 3.5 s), intermediate (TR = 1.56 s) or high temporal resolution (TR = 0.72 s) sequences. Task fMRI finger tapping data were acquired in 45 patients. Group differences in fMRI reproducibility, spatial overlap and success frequencies were assessed with t‑tests and χ2-tests.

Results

Radiological review identified the central sulcus in 98.6% (70/71) patients. Task-fMRI succeeded in 100% (45/45). Resting fMRI failed to identify a sensorimotor network in up to 10 patients; it succeeded in 97.9% (47/48) of accelerated fMRIs, compared to only 60.9% (14/23) of unaccelerated fMRIs ($$\chi$$
χ
(2) = 17.84, p < 0.001). Of the patients 12 experienced postoperative deterioration, largely predicted by anatomical proximity to the central sulcus.

Conclusion

The use of fMRI in patients with residual or intact presurgical motor function added value to uncertain anatomical localization in just a single peri-Rolandic glioma case. Resting fMRI showed high correspondence to task localization when acquired with accelerated sequences but offered limited success at standard acquisitions.
Der Nutzen von Selbstheilungspotenzialen in der professionellen Gesundheitsfürsorge am Beispiel der Mind-Body-Medizin
Authors: Esch Tobias
Published: April 2020

Die Mind-Body-Medizin (MBM) basiert auf der Annahme, dass über Interaktionen zwischen Gehirn, Geist, Körper sowie dem Verhalten gesundheitsförderliche Wege – hin zu einer besseren Gesundheit – aktiviert werden können. Sie beinhaltet verhaltensmedizinische Ansätze und Techniken aus den Bereichen Bewegung, Entspannung, Stressregulation und Ernährung. Die MBM ist im US-amerikanischen Gesundheitssystem etablierter Bestandteil der medizinischen Versorgung. Dieses schließt gleichfalls eine Erforschung ihrer Mechanismen ein. Auch in Deutschland werden immer mehr Interventionen und Therapieangebote unter diesem Oberbegriff zusammengefasst.

In diesem narrativen Übersichtsbeitrag soll die Entstehung der MBM im Kontext historischer Entwicklungen beleuchtet werden, auch vor dem Hintergrund der seit den 1970er-Jahren aufkommenden Meditationsforschung sowie der wissenschaftlichen Erkundung des Stressphänomens. Bezüge zur Grundlagenforschung inkl. neurobiologischer Belohnungs‑/Placebophysiologie sollen dargestellt werden. Abgrenzungen zur Psychotherapie sollen vorgenommen, ein Handlungskonzept soll vermittelt werden.

Die MBM steht im Zusammenhang mit Gesundheitsförderung und Therapie chronischer, insbesondere lebensstilassoziierter Erkrankungen. Sie basiert auf dem Salutogeneseansatz, d. h. auf einem Paradigma, das der Erkundung und Stärkung von Gesundheitsschutzfaktoren und Widerstandsressourcen dient (individuelle Resilienz- und Kohärenzfaktoren) sowie eine Reduktion von Belastungen anstrebt. Dieser Ansatz entspricht dem Selbstheilungs- oder Selbstfürsorgeprinzip. Neurobiologisch ist sie mit dem Placeboeffekt verbunden. MBM-Interventionen folgen typischerweise dem „BERN-Modell“ (Behavior-Exercise-Relaxation-Nutrition).

Als Aktivator von Potenzialen der Selbstheilung und Gesundheitsfürsorge kann die MBM professionell trainiert und gestärkt werden. Hier kommen „Experten der Gesundheitsförderung“ zum Einsatz.
Identification of major moisture sources across the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Batibeniz Fulden , Ashfaq Moetasim , Önol Barış , Turuncoglu Ufuk Utku , Mehmood Shahid , Evans Katherine J.
Published: April 2020

We employ a Lagrangian based moisture back trajectory method on an ensemble of four reanalysis datasets to provide a comprehensive understanding of moisture sources over the Mediterranean land region (30° N–49.5° N and 9.75° W–61.5° E) at seasonal timescales for 1980–2013 period. Using a source region between 10° S–71.35° N along the latitude and 80° W–84.88° E along the longitude that is subdivided into ten complimentary sub-regions, our analyses is able to backtrack up to > 90% of seasonal precipitation at each grid point within the target region. Our results indicate a significant role of moisture advected from the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, and locally recycled moisture over the target region in shaping the spatial organization of seasonal precipitation. However, a clear east–west contrast is witnessed in determining the relative importance of each of these major moisture sources where the North Atlantic dictates the moisture supply over the western Mediterranean while moisture from Mediterranean Sea and local recycling play a key role over the eastern Mediterranean. Our analyses also demonstrate a major footprint of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on precipitation variability over the Mediterranean land as dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies during the negative phase of NAO match with those during wet years and vice versa. The findings reported here are generally consistent across the four reanalysis datasets. Overall, this study establishes the relative roles of adjacent and far-off oceanic and terrestrial evaporative sources over the Mediterranean land and should help in understanding the drivers of precipitation variability and change at varying timescales.