bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nature of the protolith of the quartz-carbonate-dickite metasomatites from the Bodrak and Alma rivers watershed, and from the Trudolyubovka area (south-western Crimea)
Authors: Brovchenko V. D. , Popov D. V. , Nekrylov N. A. , Shkurskii B. B. , Plechov P. Yu.
Published: May 2019

At least two outcrops of igneous rocks have been reported from the watershed of the Bodrak and Alma rivers (south-western Crimea). Previous studies suggested that these are intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks of pre-Middle Jurassic age. We compared the rocks from one of these outcrops with those from the near-contact area of the Middle Jurassic Dzhidairskiy intrusion, which is located proximally and predominantly consists of mainly of altered dolerites. It was determined found that the rocks from both locations were significantly altered as a result of the processes of acid metasomatism, down to quartz-carbonate-dikkite metasomatites. In this case, the nature of the changes and the appearance features of relatively unaffected by this metasomatism samples the most unaltered samples represented by altered dolerites are of the same type in both locations.
Comparison of the Domanic outcrops in Volga-Ural and Timan-Pechora basins
Authors: Zavyalova A. P. , Chupakhina V. V. , Stoupakova A. V. , Gatovsky Yu. A. , Kalmykov G. A. , Korobova N. I. , Suslova A. A. , Bolshakova M. A. , Sannikova I. A. , Kalmykov A. G.
Published: May 2019

Domanic (and domanicoid) deposits are in a great interest of researchers and oil companies, since they possess authigenic oil and gas content. The article presents the results of study outcrops in the Volga-Ural and Timan-Pechora basins. The stratigraphic interval included sediments from the Middle Frasnian stage of the Upper Devonian to the Turnasian stage of the Lower Carboniferous. The main types of rocks were characterized by microscopic examination of thin sections and geochemical parameters of organic matter. It is shown that the domanic deposits of the Timan-Pechora basin are similar in structure and lithological composition to the deposits of the Volga-Ural Basin. The upper part of the domanic section is distinguished by the predominance of the carbonate-siliceous type of rocks over the kerogen mixed varieties. According to the geochemical parameters, the organic matter in the rocks of the sheltered deposits of the Volga-Ural and Timan-Pechora basins belongs to type II, but on the outcrops of the Volga-Ural region, the organic matter of the high-carbon sequence is more mature than on the outcrops of Timan-Pechora basin.
Geodynamic and physico-chemical conditions of formation of the Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex (Southern Urals)
Authors: Snachev A. V. , Puchkov V. N. , Snachev V. I. , Romanovskaya М. А.
Published: May 2019

Geological structure and physic-chemical characteristics of the Stepninsky, Vandyshevsky, Biryukovsky and Uisky massives related to the Stepninsky monzogabbro-granosyenite-granite complex are described. A conclusion was made that the depth of crystallization of the granitoid massives changes in this row from hypabbyssal to hypabyssal-subsurface facies. It is shown that the intrusions of the complex belong to the intraplate type. At the early stage, the basicintermediate rocks of a deep-mantle genesis were formed, which can be regarded as a derivative of an individual plume; at the later stage they were changed by granites and leucogranites of the calc-alkaline type, formed as a result of anatexis of the lower crust. The rocks of the later stage have a rare-metal geochemical specialization.
Shetland's German Trade – on the Verge of Colonialism?
Authors: Riddell Linda
Published: May 2019

From the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries, German merchants dominated the import/export trade of Shetland. It has been suggested that this was a ‘pre-colonial’ trade; no settlement or political control was involved, but the success of the trade encouraged Scots to establish ‘full colonialism’ in the eighteenth century. This paper argues that the people who succeeded in controlling the socio-economic structure in the eighteenth century through combining land-owning with fishing and trade, were native Shetlanders (though often descended from immigrants), who traded for their own profit not for the benefit of Scotland or particular inhabitants of mainland Scotland. Colonisation can in some situations be primarily economic, and settlement or governmental change are not prerequisites. But the situation in Shetland was more complex than a purely economic perspective would imply; by the time the change in the operation of trade occurred, it was about 250 years since the transfer from Norwegian to Scottish political control and the time of greatest immigration from Scotland had passed. Scotland had no more colonised Shetland by the end of the eighteenth century than at the beginning.
The Township, the Pregnant Girl and the Church: Community Dynamics, Gender and Social Control in Early Nineteenth-century Scotland
Authors: Ritchie Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

In 1814 in a small Highland township an unmarried girl, ostracised by her neighbours, gave birth. The baby died. The legal precognition permits a forensic, gendered examination of the internal dynamics of rural communities and how they responded to threats to social cohesion. In the Scottish ‘parish state’ disciplining sexual offences was a matter for church discipline. This case is situated in the early nineteenth-century Gàidhealtachd where and when church institutions were less powerful than in the post-Reformation Lowlands, the focus of most previous research. The article shows that the formal social control of kirk discipline was only part of a complex of behavioural controls, most of which were deployed within and by communities. Indeed, Scottish communities and churches were deeply entwined in terms of personnel; shared sexual prohibitions; and in the use of shaming as a primary method of social control. While there was something of a ‘female community’, this was not unconditionally supportive of all women nor was it ranged against men or patriarchal structures.
Teknoloji ve Kent Yaşamında Dönüşüm: Akıllı Kentler
Authors: ÖRSELLİ Erhan , AKBAY Can
Published: May 2019

Küresel büyüme ve
kentsel nüfusun hızla artışıyla ortaya çıkan sorunları çözebilmek için
geleneksel kamu politikaları terk edilmekte, vatandaşların yaşam kalitesini ve
kamusal hizmetlerden memnuniyetlerini arttırmak için bilgi iletişim
teknolojileri yaşamın her alanına entegre edilmektedir. Ayrıca hızlı nüfus
artışı sonucu kentlerde ortaya çıkan ulaşım, enerji, su, sağlık, çevre ve
güvenlik gibi birçok alandaki sorunun çözümünde de teknoloji bir araç olarak
kullanılarak, kentlerin yoğunlaşan kent nüfusunun ortaya çıkardığı sorunlara
pratik çözümler için akıllı uygulamalar denenmektedir. Bunların sonucu olarak
kentler daha çok dijitalleşmekte ve kentli dijital bir kimlik kazanmaktadır.
Çoklu bir ağa dönüşen yaşam alanlarında, toplumun refah düzeyini yükseltebilmek
ve sürdürülebilir düzeyde devam ettirilebilmek için; nüfus, kaynak, çevre ve
bilgi işlem teknolojilerinin karşılıklı ve uygun olarak düzenlenmesi adeta bir
zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu süreçte giderek artan ve çeşitlenen hizmet
beklentileri devletleri, kamu yönetimlerini ve yerel yönetimleri kentleri daha
iyi analiz etmeye, sorunları önceden tahmin etmeye, sınırlı kaynakları ileri
teknoloji desteğiyle verimli kullanmaya zorlamaktadır. Bu durum, akıllı kent
projelerinin doğuşunu ve yayılımını tetiklemiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel
amacı, dünyadaki akıllı kent uygulama örnekleri ile Türkiye’deki akıllı kent
uygulamalarını karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almaktır. Çalışma nitel bir yöntemle
oluşturulmuştur. Öncelikle akıllı kent kavramı; ardından akıllı kentlerin
unsurları ve teknolojileri incelenecek, daha sonra ise dünyadaki örnek
uygulamalar ile Türkiye’deki akıllı kent uygulamaları kıyaslanarak
değerlendirilecektir. Böylece Türkiye’nin, akıllı kent vizyonunda ulaştığı
düzey daha net saptanabilecektir.
Kafkasya Arap Edebiyatında Şeyh Şamil
Authors: Abdullayev Kamran
Published: May 2019

Gazavât veya Müridizm olarak
isimlendirilen Kafkasyaʼnın Rus işgalcilere karşı direnişi Gâzi Muhammed ile
başlamıştır. Gazavâtʼın başlamasından itibaren bu harekâta önderlik eden isimler
Ruslarla beraber bölgedeki bazı siyâset ve ilmîye ehliyle de savaşmak zorunda
kalmışlardır. Bu liderlerden olan Şeyh Şamil de sadece Ruslarla savaşmamış,
aynı zamanda bölgede kendisine muhâlif olanlarla hem siyâsî hem edebî hem de
ilmî alanlarda mücâdele vermiştir. Kurduğu İmâmet Devletiʼnin resmî dili olarak
Arapça tercih edilmiş ve buna bağlı olarak Arapça ilmî ve edebî literatür
oluşturulmuştur. Yaklaşık olarak otuz yıllık Şeyh Şamil Devleti döneminde bu
Arapça ilmî literatüre katkıda bulunanlar olarak Muhammed Tâhir el-Karahî,
Murtaza Ali el-Uradî, Abdurrahmân el-Gâzikumȗhî ve diğer âlimler öne
çıkmaktadır. Bahsedilen müellifler fıkıh, târih ve edebî alanlarda eser vermiş
âlimlerdir. Şeyh Şamil döneminden sonra Hasan Alkadârî de bu silsileye
katılmıştır.
PENGARUH KETERLIBATAN KERJA DAN ETIKA KERJA TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR DENGAN ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Kasus Pada Pegawai Puskesmas di Kecamatan Guntur, Demak)
Authors: Ade Sinar Hubtriyan , Budiyono Rokhmad . , Sugiono Sugiono .
Published: May 2019

Fenomena yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya perilaku kewargaan organisasional (OCB) kepada pegawai Puskesmas di Kabupaten Guntur Kabupaten Demak. Selain itu, masalah penelitian yang masih merupakan beberapa hasil perbedaan dari penelitian sebelumnya tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku kewargaan organisasional (OCB) adalah variabel kerja keterlibatan dan etos kerja yang mencoba dibangun dengan keadilan organisasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh keterlibatan kerja dan etika kerja terhadap keadilan organisasional. Dan menganalisis pengaruh keterlibatan kerja, etos kerja, keadilan organisasi terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional.

Karena populasi digunakan sebagai keseluruhan staf puskesmas di Kabupaten Guntur Kabupaten Demak yang terdiri dari puskesmas Guntur Guntur I dan II yang berjumlah 102 orang. Teknik samplingnya adalah sensus. Sensus adalah teknik pengambilan sampel yang menggunakan populasi sampel karena populasinya relatif sedikit (Sugiyono, 2012). Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 102 pegawai di Puskesmas Guntur di Kabupaten Demak. Peralatan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan dua tahap.

Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan tenaga kerja secara signifikan mempengaruhi keadilan organisasional. Semakin tinggi keterlibatan tenaga kerja yang dipasok oleh keadilan organisasi dapat ditingkatkan. Etika kerja tidak berpengaruh pada keadilan organisasional. Keterlibatan kerja tidak berpengaruh pada perilaku kewargaan organisasional. Etika kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional. Keadilan organisasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa mediasi keadilan organisasi tidak dapat memediasi pengaruh antara keterlibatan kerja dan etika kerja terhadap perilaku kewargaan organisasional.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN ANGGARAN BELANJA DESA TAHUN ANGGARAN 2016 DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Widyartati Penta . , Marhamah Marhamah . , Susanto Edy .
Published: May 2019

Anggaran pendapatan dan belanja desa adalah pertanggungjawaban dari pemegang manajemen desa untuk memberikan informasi tentang segala aktifitas dan kegiatan desa kepada masyarakat desa pemerintah atas pengelolaan dana desa dan pelaksanaan berupa rencana-rencana program yang dibiayai dengan uang desa. Dalam APBDesa berisi pendapatan, belanja dan pembiayaan desa.

Secara garis besar, pendapatan desa dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Pendapatan Transfer. Pendapatan Asli Daerah terdiri dari hasil usaha desa dan swadaya. Pendapatan transfer terdiri dari dana desa, bagian pajak dan retribusi, alokasi dana desa, dan bantuan keuangan baik dari propinsi maupun kabupaten.

Sedangkan untuk belanja dibagi menjadi 4 bidang, yaitu bidang penyelenggaraan pemerintah desa, bidang pelaksanaan pembangunan desa, bidang pembinaan masyarakat desa, dan bidang pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Dalam penelitian ini yang akan diteliti dibatasi hanya pada pelaksanaan untuk pembangunan desa dan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa.

Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dari total penggunaan dana untuk bidang pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, alokasi dana untuk pembangunan desa adalah sebesar Rp 8.207.305.895 atau mencapai 96%, jauh lebih besar daripada untuk bidang pemberdayaan masyarakat yang hanya 4% atau Rp. 323.528.405.

Dari segi Undang-undang, ditemukan adanya ketidaksesuaian pelaksanaan penggunaan anggaran desa ini, yaiatu pada Bab IX UU No. 6 tahun 2014 tentang Pembangunan Desa dan Pembangunan Kawasan Perdesaan. Pada Bab IX UU No, 6 Bagian Kesatu Pembangunan Desa Pasal 78 ayat 3 menyatakan bahwa pembangunan desa sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (2) mengedepankan kebersamaan, kekeluargaan dan kegotongroyongan guna mewujudkan pengarusutamaan perdamaian dan keadilan sosial. Pada pasal ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan berprinsip kegotongroyongan dan kekeluargaan. Tetapi dalam praktek dan di dalam laporan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa masih ditemukan point tenaga kerja. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya ketidak sesuaian dengan prinsip kegotongroyongan yang diutamakan seperti pada bab IX di atas.
PENGARUH SANKSI PAJAK, KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK, DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN (Study Kasus Pada Kecamatan Candisari Kota Semarang Tahun 2016)
Authors: Nafiah Zumrotun . , Warno Warno .
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Sanksi Pajak, Kesadaran wajib pajak, dan Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Populasi wajib pajak yang berdomisili di Kecamatan Candisari Semarang dengan jumlah keseluruhan sebesar 15.997 wajib pajak. Sampel yang diperoleh adalah 100 wajib pajak, yang ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dan dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Sanksi Pajak berpengaruh terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak berdasarkan hasil uji regresi linier berganda 0,000 (< 0,005), Kesadaran Wajib Pajak berpengaruh terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajakberdasarkan hasil uji regresi linier berganda 0,000 (< 0,005), sedangkan Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajakberdasarkan hasil uji regresi linier berganda 0,290 (> 0,005). Sanksi pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak dan kepatuhan wajib pajak berpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dibuktikan dengan hasil uji F yang menunjukan nilai signifikan 0,000 kurang dari 0,05. Hasil dari uji hipotesis koefisien determinasi R² menunjukan hasil nilai adjust R square 0,892 atau 89,2 % keadaan ini menunjukan bahwa variabel independen yaitu sanksi pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak, dan kualitas pelayanan pajak sebesar 8,92 % terhadap tingkat variabel dependen kepatuhan wajib pajak
PENGARUH DER DAN INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Fauziyanti Wachidah , Astuti Enny Puji
Published: May 2019

This research was performed to analyze the influence of debt equity ratio (DER) and investment opportunity set (IOS) on firm value . Sample of this research was companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) and include in the LQ 45 index for the period of 2004-2006. Data was collected from annual reports recorded in the 2007 Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) and was analyzed using regression model.  The result of this research showed that DER negatively and IOS positively affected firm values.
MUTUAL DETERMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: AHMETOVIĆ Azra
Published: May 2019

Today exists in the world general understanding that education in the conditions of scientific and technical progress becomes direct power of society and decisive constituent of economic and social development. One of the most important characteristics of modern time education is acknowledgement of constantly increasing mutual dependence between knowledge and economic development.
CROSS-BORDER REGION GORA TREASURE BETWEEN THE THREE STATES
Authors: Ibrahimi Behije
Published: May 2019

The development of cross-border tourism has been done increasingly popular in recent decades and especially within the European Union through various programs and projects. This study focuses on the challenges and advantages that are directly related to cross-border and prospective visitor co-operation and private entrepreneurs in this region. It will also analyze the attitudes of public actors towards the development of cross-border tourism and the challenges they face in cross-border cooperation. The main task of the scientific work is to recognize tourist potentials and their assessment as well as the current tourism development including prospects and problems which accompanies this development. Because of the importance that Tourism brings to the economy has become a priority of many states, being transformed in a global phenomenon, a key to integrating into the global mark. Tourism is also called the open door for international cooperation. Therefore our study will aim for the Gora Province to have positions in the regional and global market and be provided with a suitable brand. This region is distinguished for a rich and special culture and art. However there is a lack of research and studies as far as the role of local institutions and government is concerned with cross-border cooperation. For a qualitative approach, interviews with residents and surveys were used for tourists and locals with focus on current developments and challenges related to the development of cross-border tourism. Their analysis shows that there is significant interest how much is it to the development of tourism and the recognition of the area in the global markets.
FUNDAMENTAL AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STOCK PRICE
Authors: Spahija Denis , Xhaferi Seadin
Published: May 2019

Trading with stocks in developed market conditions for some is fun, for others it is a way to preserve the real value of the asset, while for the most is a challenge to gain bigger profits quickly and easily. Dreams on stock market alchemy rely on the development and upgrading of special systems whose ultimate goal is to uncover stock price secrets and their changes. What are the chances of this happening?

Chances are minimal, according to experiences from the world’s leading stock exchanges in the past. The stock market complexity, the number and unpredictability of factors affecting stock prices and unexpected changes or stability do not give much hope to those who know what’s going to happen in the future. In such endeavors there are equal opportunities for both stock exchange experts and full-time amateurs.

For all this, if the stock market cannot be defeated or deceived, then it is better to join it. So this means: to create a diversified portfolio of securities that provides a safe income, slightly higher than annual inflation, minimizing the risk.
BUILDING A MORE EQUITABLE SOCIETY, THROUGH INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND THE SUCCESSFUL TEACHER WORK
Authors: Qirjako Gjikoka Dorina
Published: May 2019

If the right to education for all is to become a reality, all learners must have access to quality education that meets basic learning needs and enriches lives. The UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960) and other international human rights treaties prohibit any exclusion from or limitation to educational opportunities on the basis of socially ascribed or perceived differences, such as gender, sexuality, ethnicity, language, religion, nationality, economic condition and/or ability.

Education should not be simply about making schools available for those who are already able to access them. Instead, it is about being proactive in identifying the barriers and obstacles learners encounter in attempting to access equal opportunities for quality education, as well as in removing those barriers and obstacles that lead 49 to marginalization and exclusion.

Education systems should be made inclusive and equitable; that is, every child and young person should have access to education that is welcoming and responsive to his or her characteristics and needs (UNESCO, 2012).

Monitoring student progress with learning trackers (observation logs, observation forms, conferring logs, etc.) provides the teacher with data, e.g., the degree to which the student has mastered a learning target, who needs retouching, who needs additional challenges, what the next learning target should be, how students should be grouped for small-group instruction, and who needs to be observed more closely for a possible learning intervention. The existing research does indicate, however, that well-designed classroom testing programs bear a positive relationship to later student achievement.
EDUCATION POLICY IN ALBANIA AND THE MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF THE PAN-EUROPEAN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Gjoka Eglantina
Published: May 2019

In Albania, efforts to create a more student-centered curriculum, expand the use of
ICT, and increase equity have placed new expectations on teachers to create more inclusive classrooms where students develop transversal skills and prepare for participation in a democratic knowledge society. As Albania continues to decentralize its education system, school leaders are also expected to take on new responsibilities, reach out to parents, and build strong links with their communities. The main teacher and school leadership policy issues identified in this EPR include the status of the teaching profession, teachers’ and principals’ employment and working conditions, initial teacher preparation, the state examination and internship programmed that lead to teacher certification, hiring and deployment procedures, continuing professional development, teacher performance appraisal, and the school leadership role.
‘Non-Routine Entrepreneurs’: Another Path of Realizing Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Chepurenko Alexander
Published: May 2019

The paper seeks to introduce the definition and to specify the characteristic features of “non-routine entrepreneurs”. Using the notion of entrepreneurship by Shane and Venkataraman (2000), it explains “non-routine entrepreneurs” as persons driven primarily by the idea of exploring entrepreneurial opportunities, but less interested in being formally engaged in owing/managing a business or to claim additional incomes from it. The empirical base of the papers is two cases, labelled as a “patriot” and a “big tipster”, from a panel of entrepreneurs, self-employees and start-ups the author surveyed in Moscow in three annual waves (2013–2015, N = 13). The paper shows the differences between the “non-routine entrepreneurs” and already well investigated groups (latent entrepreneurs, informal entrepreneurs, hybrid entrepreneurs, freelancers) and examines the personal (human capital) and social (transitional shock) context of the evolution of entrepreneurial intentions and their motivation. The “non-routine-entrepreneurs” fill in the lack of evidence about entrepreneurially minded persons with non-monetary goals, or non-economic meaning of results from such activities. Thus, the paper contributes to the literature on the reason and the intentionality of entrepreneurship. It concludes that “non-routine entrepreneurship” might become the choice of many people in contemporary societies where the boundaries between different kinds of economic activities are blurred.
Investigation of Micro Gas Turbine Systems for High Speed Long Loiter Tactical Unmanned Air Systems
Authors: Large James , Pesyridis Apostolos
Published: May 2019

In this study, the on-going research into the improvement of micro-gas turbine propulsion system performance and the suitability for its application as propulsion systems for small tactical UAVs (<600 kg) is investigated. The study is focused around the concept of converting existing micro turbojet engines into turbofans with the use of a continuously variable gearbox, thus maintaining a single spool configuration and relative design simplicity. This is an effort to reduce the initial engine development cost, whilst improving the propulsive performance. The BMT 120 KS micro turbojet engine is selected for the performance evaluation of the conversion process using the gas turbine performance software GasTurb13. The preliminary design of a matched low-pressure compressor (LPC) for the proposed engine is then performed using meanline calculation methods. According to the analysis that is carried out, an improvement in the converted micro gas turbine engine performance, in terms of thrust and specific fuel consumption is achieved. Furthermore, with the introduction of a CVT gearbox, the fan speed operation may be adjusted independently of the core, allowing an increased thrust generation or better fuel consumption. This therefore enables a wider gamut of operating conditions and enhances the performance and scope of the tactical UAV.
The Influence of the Partial Replacing of Inorganic Salts of Calcium, Zinc, Iron, and Copper with Amino Acid Complexes on Bone Development in Male Pheasants from Aviary Breeding
Authors: Flis Marian , Gugała Dariusz , Muszyński Siemowit , Dobrowolski Piotr , Kwiecień Małgorzata , Grela Eugeniusz R. , Tomaszewska Ewa
Published: May 2019

This study analyzed the effects of partial replacing of Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu salts with glycine chelates on the measures of bones health in 16-week-old captive-reared male pheasants, allocated to one of the three experimental groups supplemented with Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu in forms of inorganic salts (the control group) or groups receiving from the ninth week 25% and 50% of supplemented elements as glycine chelates. At the end of rearing birds receiving chelates were heavier (p < 0.001) and their tibia showed an increase of numerous mechanical parameters: yield and ultimate force (p = 0.028, p < 0.001, respectively), stiffness (p = 0.007), Young modulus (p < 0.001), compared to the control animals. The bones of birds receiving chelates in 50% were also heavier (p < 0.001) and longer (p = 0.014), with thinner cortical bone in midshaft (p = 0.027) and thicker proximal trabeculae (p < 0.001) compared to the control. While both doses of chelates increased mineral density in midshaft (p = 0.040), bone content of Cu and Zn decreased (p = 0.025, p < 0.001, respectively). The content of immature collagen in cancellous bone and articular cartilage increased in groups receiving chelates (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, glycine chelates probably enhanced development of the skeletal system in male pheasants as bones were denser and more resistant to mechanical damage.
Human Attitude toward Reptiles: A Relationship between Fear, Disgust, and Aesthetic Preferences
Authors: Janovcová Markéta , Rádlová Silvie , Polák Jakub , Sedláčková Kristýna , Peléšková Šárka , Žampachová Barbora , Frynta Daniel , Landová Eva
Published: May 2019

Focusing on one group of animals can bring interesting results regarding our attitudes toward them and show the key features that our evaluation of such animals is based on. Thus, we designed a study of human perception of all reptiles focusing on the relationship between perceived fear, disgust, and aesthetic preferences and differences between snakes and other reptiles. Two sets containing 127 standardized photos of reptiles were developed, with one species per each subfamily. Respondents were asked to rate the animals according to fear, disgust, and beauty on a seven-point Likert scale. Evaluation of reptile species shows that people tend to perceive them as two clearly distinct groups based on their similar morphotype. In a subset of lizards, there was a positive correlation between fear and disgust, while disgust and fear were both negatively correlated with beauty. Surprisingly, a positive correlation between fear and beauty of snakes was revealed, i.e., the most feared species also tend to be perceived as beautiful. Snakes represent a distinct group of animals that is also reflected in the theory of attentional prioritization of snakes as an evolutionary relevant threat.
3D Wireframe Modeling and Viewpoint Estimation for Multi-Class Objects Combining Deep Neural Network and Deformable Model Matching
Authors: Ren Xiaoyuan , Jiang Libing , Tang Xiaoan , Liu Weichun
Published: May 2019

The accuracy of 3D viewpoint and shape estimation from 2D images has been greatly improved by machine learning, especially deep learning technology such as the convolution neural network (CNN). However, current methods are always valid only for one specific category and have exhibited poor performance when generalized to other categories, which means that multiple detectors or networks are needed for multi-class object image cases. In this paper, we propose a method with strong generalization ability, which incorporates only one CNN with deformable model matching processing for the 3D viewpoint and the shape estimation of multi-class object image cases. The CNN is utilized to detect keypoints of the potential object from the image, while a deformable model matching stage is designed to conduct 3D wireframe modeling and viewpoint estimation simultaneously with the support of the detected keypoints. Besides, parameter estimation by deformable model matching processing has robust fault-tolerance to the keypoint detection results containing mistaken keypoints. The proposed method is evaluated on Pascal3D+ dataset. Experiments show that the proposed method performs well in both parameter estimation accuracy and the multi-class objects generalization. This research is a useful exploration to extend the generalization of deep learning in specific tasks.
Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation on a Pentylenetetrazole—Kindling Rat Model
Authors: Hussein Abdelaziz M. , Eldosoky Mohamed , El-Shafey Mohamed , El-Mesery Mohamed , Abbas Khaled M. , Ali Amr N. , Helal Ghada M. , Abulseoud Osama A.
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To study the possible anti-seizure and neuroprotective effect of glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogue (liraglutide) in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindled rat model and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into 3 equal groups; i) Normal group: normal rats received normal saline, ii) PTZ (kindling) group: received PTZ (50 mg/Kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) every other day for 2 weeks and iii) PTZ + GLP1 group: same as the PTZ group but rats received liraglutide (75 µg/kg i.p. daily) for 2 weeks before PTZ injection. Seizure severity score, seizure latency and duration were assessed. Also, the expression of caspase-3 (apoptotic marker) and β-catenin (Wnt pathway) by western blotting, markers of oxidative stress (GSH, CAT and MDA) by biochemical assay and the expression of LC3 (marker of autophagy) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) by immunostaining were assessed in hippocampal regions of brain tissues. Results: PTZ caused a significant increase in Racine score and seizure duration with a significant decrease in seizure latency. These effects were associated with a significant increase in MDA, β-catenin, caspase-3, Hsp70 and LC3 in brain tissues (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, liraglutide treatment caused significant attenuation in PTZ-induced seizures, which were associated with significant improvement in markers of oxidative stress, reduction in LC3, caspase-3 and β-catenin and marked increase in Hsp70 in hippocampal regions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Activation of GLP1R might have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects against PTZ-induced epilepsy. These effects could be due to suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy and upregulation of Hsp70.
Highly Active, High Specific Surface Area Fe/C/N ORR Electrocatalyst from Liquid Precursors by Combination of CO2 Laser Pyrolysis and Single NH3 Thermal Post-Treatment
Authors: Perez Henri , Jorda Virginie , Vigneron Jackie , Frégnaux Mathieu , Etcheberry Arnaud , Quinsac Axelle , Leconte Yann , Sublemontier Olivier
Published: May 2019

This paper reports original results on the synthesis and characterization of Fe/C/N ORR electrocatalysts obtained by a combination of CO2 laser pyrolysis and thermal post-treatment. The precursor liquid media, consisting in a 14 g·L−1 iron III acetylacetonate solution in toluene, was aerosolized and then exposed to a CO2 laser beam for pyrolysis in continuous flow. Ammonia was used in the pyrolysis process, both as the laser wavelength absorbing gas (i.e., energy transfer agent) and as the sole source of nitrogen. After the laser pyrolysis step, the material was submitted to thermal post-treatment under argon on the one hand, and ammonia on another hand. The three materials—one as-prepared, one thermally treated under argon, and one thermally treated under ammonia—were characterized, in particular, through specific surface area determination, XPS analysis, and ORR measurement. It was found that both kinds of thermal treatment significantly improved the ORR performances, which were evaluated on porous electrodes. Indeed, while the as-prepared material showed an ORR onset potential at ≈790 mV vs. the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) in HClO4 1M, the argon treatment increased the latter to ≈820 mV, and the ammonia treatment led to a very high value of ≈910 mV. Selectivities of 3.65 and 3.93 were measured for the argon and ammonia treated materials, respectively. The outstanding ORR performance resulting from the ammonia treatment is probably related to the very high BET specific surface area measured at 1130 m2·g−1, which was notably obtained without using any templating or sacrificial component in the precursor media.
Insights into Telomerase/hTERT Alternative Splicing Regulation Using Bioinformatics and Network Analysis in Cancer
Authors: Ludlow Andrew T. , Slusher Aaron L. , Sayed Mohammed E.
Published: May 2019

The reactivation of telomerase in cancer cells remains incompletely understood. The catalytic component of telomerase, hTERT, is thought to be the limiting component in cancer cells for the formation of active enzymes. hTERT gene expression is regulated at several levels including chromatin, DNA methylation, transcription factors, and RNA processing events. Of these regulatory events, RNA processing has received little attention until recently. RNA processing and alternative splicing regulation have been explored to understand how hTERT is regulated in cancer cells. The cis- and trans-acting factors that regulate the alternative splicing choice of hTERT in the reverse transcriptase domain have been investigated. Further, it was discovered that the splicing factors that promote the production of full-length hTERT were also involved in cancer cell growth and survival. The goals are to review telomerase regulation via alternative splicing and the function of hTERT splicing variants and to point out how bioinformatics approaches are leading the way in elucidating the networks that regulate hTERT splicing choice and ultimately cancer growth.
Unleashing Tumour-Dendritic Cells to Fight Cancer by Tackling Their Three A’s: Abundance, Activation and Antigen-Delivery
Authors: Murgaski Aleksandar , Bardet Pauline M. R. , Arnouk Sana M. , Clappaert Emile J. , Laoui Damya
Published: May 2019

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have mainly focused on re-activating T-cell responses against cancer cells. However, both priming and activation of effector T-cell responses against cancer-specific antigens require cross-talk with dendritic cells (DCs), which are responsible for the capturing, processing and presentation of tumour-(neo)antigens to T cells. DCs consequently constitute an essential target in efforts to generate therapeutic immunity against cancer. This review will discuss recent research that is unlocking the cancer-fighting potential of tumour-infiltrating DCs. First, the complexity of DCs in the tumour microenvironment regarding the different subsets and the difficulty of translating mouse data into equivalent human data will be briefly touched upon. Mainly, possible solutions to problems currently faced in DC-based cancer treatments will be discussed, including their infiltration into tumours, activation strategies, and antigen delivery methods. In this way, we hope to put together a broad picture of potential synergistic therapies that could be implemented to harness the full capacity of tumour-infiltrating DCs to stimulate anti-tumour immune responses in patients.
SIRT2 Contributes to the Resistance of Melanoma Cells to the Multikinase Inhibitor Dasatinib
Authors: Karwaciak Iwona , Sałkowska Anna , Karaś Kaja , Sobalska-Kwapis Marta , Walczak-Drzewiecka Aurelia , Pułaski Łukasz , Strapagiel Dominik , Dastych Jarosław , Ratajewski Marcin
Published: May 2019

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and can only be cured if detected early. Unfortunately, later stages of the disease do not guarantee success due to the rapid rate of melanoma cell metastasis and their high resistance to applied therapies. The search for new molecular targets and targeted therapy may represent the future in the development of effective methods for combating this cancer. SIRT2 is a promising target; thus, we downregulated SIRT2 expression in melanoma cells in vertical growth and metastatic phases and demonstrated that sirtuin acts as regulator of the basic functions of melanoma cells. A detailed transcriptomic analysis showed that SIRT2 regulates the expression of multiple genes encoding the tyrosine kinase pathways that are molecular targets of dasatinib. Indeed, cells with low SIRT2 expression were more susceptible to dasatinib, as demonstrated by multiple techniques, e.g., neutral red uptake, 3/7 caspase activity, colony formation assay, and in vitro scratch assay. Furthermore, these cells showed an altered phosphorylation profile for proteins playing roles in the response to dasatinib. Thus, our research indicates new, previously unknown SIRT2 functions in the regulation of gene expression, which is of key clinical significance.
CAR T-Cells Targeting the Integrin αvβ6 and Co-Expressing the Chemokine Receptor CXCR2 Demonstrate Enhanced Homing and Efficacy against Several Solid Malignancies
Authors: Whilding Lynsey , Halim Leena , Draper Benjamin , Parente-Pereira Ana , Zabinski Tomasz , Davies David , Maher John
Published: May 2019

Despite the unprecedented clinical success of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T-cells against haematological malignancy, solid tumors impose a far greater challenge to success. Largely, this stems from an inadequate capacity of CAR T-cells that can traffic and maintain function within a hostile microenvironment. To enhance tumor-directed T-cell trafficking, we have engineered CAR T-cells to acquire heightened responsiveness to interleukin (IL)-8. Circulating IL-8 levels correlate with disease burden and prognosis in multiple solid tumors in which it exerts diverse pathological functions including angiogenesis, support of cancer stem cell survival, and recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells. To harness tumor-derived IL-8 for therapeutic benefit, we have co-expressed either of its cognate receptors (CXCR1 or CXCR2) in CAR T-cells that target the tumor-associated αvβ6 integrin. We demonstrate here that CXCR2-expressing CAR T-cells migrate more efficiently towards IL-8 and towards tumor conditioned media that contains this cytokine. As a result, these CAR T-cells elicit superior anti-tumor activity against established αvβ6-expressing ovarian or pancreatic tumor xenografts, with a more favorable toxicity profile. These data support the further engineering of CAR T-cells to acquire responsiveness to cancer-derived chemokines in order to improve their therapeutic activity against solid tumors.
Complete Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene via Direct Desulfurization Pathway over Mesoporous TiO2-Supported NiMo Catalyst Incorporated with Potassium
Authors: Li Meng , Song Jinhe , Yue Fan , Pan Fan , Yan Wei , Hua Zelin , Li Long , Yang Zhuhong , Li Licheng , Wen Guangming , Wu Kongguo
Published: May 2019

Mesoporous TiO2 containing different potassium content was prepared from potassium titanate by mediating the pH value of the ion exchange, which was used as catalytic support to load NiMo for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 physical adsorption/desorption, temperature-programmed reduction, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray mapping analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and pyridine-adsorbed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that NiO and MoO3 were well dispersed on mesoporous TiO2 with varying potassium content. A crystal NiMoO4 phase was formed on the TiO2 with relatively high potassium content, which could decrease the reduction temperature of oxidized active species. The evaluation results from the hydrodesulfurization displayed that as the potassium content of the catalyst increased, the dibenzothiophene conversion firstly increased and then slightly decreased when potassium content exceeded 6.41 wt %. By contrast, the direct desulfurization selectivity could continuously increase along with the potassium content of catalyst. Furthermore, the change in direct desulfurization selectivity of a TiO2-supported NiMo catalyst was independent of the reaction condition. The mesoporous TiO2-supported NiMo catalyst incorporated with potassium could have near both 100% of dibenzothiophene and 100% of direct desulfurization selectivity. According to the structure–performance relationship discussion, the incorporation of potassium species could benefit the formation of more sulfided active species on mesoporous TiO2. Moreover, excessive free potassium species may poison the active sites of the hydrogenation pathway. Both factors determined the characteristics of complete hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene via a direct desulfurization pathway for potassium-incorporated mesoporous TiO2 supported NiMo catalysts.
Metabolite-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors Connect the Diet-Microbiota-Metabolites Axis to Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Melhem Hassan , Kaya Berna , Ayata C. Korcan , Hruz Petr , Niess Jan Hendrik
Published: May 2019

Increasing evidence has indicated that diet and metabolites, including bacteria- and host-derived metabolites, orchestrate host pathophysiology by regulating metabolism, immune system and inflammation. Indeed, autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with the modulation of host response to diets. One crucial mechanism by which the microbiota affects the host is signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed metabolite-sensing GPCRs. In the gut, both immune and nonimmune cells express GPCRs and their activation generally provide anti-inflammatory signals through regulation of both the immune system functions and the epithelial integrity. Members of GPCR family serve as a link between microbiota, immune system and intestinal epithelium by which all these components crucially participate to maintain the gut homeostasis. Conversely, impaired GPCR signaling is associated with IBD and other diseases, including hepatic steatosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and asthma. In this review, we first outline the signaling, function, expression and the physiological role of several groups of metabolite-sensing GPCRs. We then discuss recent findings on their role in the regulation of the inflammation, their existing endogenous and synthetic ligands and innovative approaches to therapeutically target inflammatory bowel disease.
Irisin and Bone: From Preclinical Studies to the Evaluation of Its Circulating Levels in Different Populations of Human Subjects
Authors: Colaianni Graziana , Sanesi Lorenzo , Storlino Giuseppina , Brunetti Giacomina , Colucci Silvia , Grano Maria
Published: May 2019

Almost four years after the discovery of the anabolic action of irisin on bone in mice, ample clinical evidence is emerging in support of its additional physiological relevance in human bone. Irisin inversely correlates with sclerostin levels in adults with prediabetes and with vertebral fragility fractures in post-menopausal women. Furthermore, in athletes we observed a positive correlation between irisin and bone mineral density at different anatomical sites. Our group also described a positive association between serum irisin and bone status in healthy children and multivariate regression analysis showed that irisin is a stronger determinant of bone mineral status than bone alkaline phosphatase. In children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, serum irisin concentrations are positively associated with bone quality and with glycemic control following continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Additionally, our in vitro studies suggest the existence of a negative interplay between PTH and irisin biology and these results were also supported by the observation that post-menopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism have lower levels of irisin compared to matched controls. In this review, we will focus on recent findings about circulating level of irisin in different populations of human subjects and its correlation with their bone status.
Involvement of TREK-1 Channel in Cell Viability of H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts Affected by Bupivacaine and Lipid Emulsion
Authors: Yang Jun Ho , Siregar Adrian S. , Kim Eun-Jin , Nyiramana Marie Merci , Shin Eui-Jung , Han Jaehee , Sohn Ju-Tae , Kim Jong Woo , Kang Dawon
Published: May 2019

Lipid emulsion (LE) therapy has been used to reduce overdose of bupivacaine (BPV)-induced cardiotoxicity. The TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (TREK-1) is inhibited by BPV and activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are the main component in LE. These pharmacological properties inspired us to investigate whether the TREK-1 channel is associated with cell viability of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts affected by BPV and LE. Consistent with previous studies, BPV-induced cell death was reduced by LE treatment. The reduction in the TREK-1 expression level by BPV was alleviated by LE. The BPV cytotoxicity highly decreased in TREK-1 overexpressed cells but was the opposite in TREK-1 knocked-down cells. TREK-1 channel activators and inhibitors increased and decreased cell viability, respectively. BPV-induced depolarization of the plasma and mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in intracellular Ca2+ level were blocked by LE treatment. BPV-induced depolarization of membrane potential was reduced in TREK-1 overexpressed cells, indicating that TREK-1 channels mediate setting the resting membrane potentials as a background K+ channel in H9c2 cells. These results show that TREK-1 activity is involved in the BPV cytotoxicity and the antagonistic effect of LE in H9c2 cells and suggest that TREK-1 could be a target for action of BPV and LE.
Synthetic Packed-Bed Generation for CFD Simulations: Blender vs. STAR-CCM+
Authors: Flaischlen Steffen , Wehinger Gregor D.
Published: May 2019

A common reactor type in the chemical and process industry is the fixed-bed reactor. Accurate modeling can be achieved with particle-resolved computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. However, the underlying bed morphology plays a paramount role. Synthetic bed-generation methods are much more flexible and faster than image-based approaches. In this study, we look critically at the two different bed generation methods: Discrete element method (DEM) (in the commercial software STAR-CCM+) and the rigid-body model (in the open-source software Blender). The two approaches are compared in terms of synthetically generated beds with experimental data of overall and radial porosity, particle orientation, as well as radial velocities. Both models show accurate agreement for the porosity. However, only Blender shows similar particle orientation than the experimental results. The main drawback of the DEM is the long calculation time and the shape approximation with composite particles.