bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Selenium Against Sodium Fluoride Induced Behavioral, Anti-Oxidant and Neurohistological Alterations in Wistar Rats
Authors: Sri Charitha Gorantla , Sudhakar Kurmeti , Reddy K. Pratap
Published: July 2018

Fluoride naturally occurs in the earth’s crust and ground water and it causes fluorosis when it is consumed in high levels. The fluorosis also affects soft tissues like liver, kidney, heart, brain etc., in addition to skeletal and dental systems. The present study reports the protective effects of selenium against sodium fluoride induced neurotoxic effects. Three months old (around 250 – 280 g weight) wistar rats were randomly categorized into four groups viz. Group I (control) which received normal tap water, Group II (sodium fluoride, NaF) treated with 20 ppm of fluoride through IP, Group III treated with (NaF 20 ppm) + Selenium (5 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat) and Group IV treated with Selenium (5 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat) alone. The doses were continued for a period of 15 days and after that they were used for recording behavioral (rota rod, hot plate), anti-oxidant (LPO, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) and histological (Golgi cox staining) observations. The rats treated with NaF showed the decreased motor coordination, thermal pain response, decreased CAT and SOD activity and increased LPO levels and GSH-Px activity with compared to control group. Moreover, NaF received rats also showed the decreased number of dendrites, synaptic connections and neural networks. These all alterations were reversed on administration of selenium towards fluoride toxicity and the results were significant (p<0.01). The results of selenium alone treated group of rats is comparable to control group. Based on these observed results, the present study evidenced the protective role of selenium against fluoride induced neurotoxicity.
Isolation and Characterization of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus Spp. from Different Rhizospheric Soils of Telangana
Authors: Chari K. Damodara , Reddy R. Subhash , Triveni S. , Trimurtulu N. , Durga Rani CH. V. , Sreedhar M.
Published: July 2018

Present investigation was carried out to identify plant growth promoting rhizobacterial isolates for abiotic stress tolerance. To achieve this bacterial isolates were isolated from different rhizospheric soils of Telanagana and screened for plant growth promoting properties and tolerance to different abiotic stresses such as pH, temperature, salt, drought and heavy metals. Such PGPR will be helpful for efficient management of abiotic stresses in crop production. Rhizospheric soils from normal, salt affected, drought affected and bulk soils were collected from different places of Telangana state. From all soil samples, based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization it was found that forty four were of Bacillus spp. Among the forty four (44) Bacillus isolates, twenty eight (28) isolates were showing plant growth promoting properties. These positive isolates tested for abiotic stress tolerance to pH, temperature, salt, drought and heavy metals (As and Cd). Four isolates were showed growth at pH range from 4-12 (BS 1, BS 3, BS 14, BS 18), five isolates were showed tolerance to 1.5 to 20 % of NaCl concentration (BS 1, BS 3, BS 14, BS 18, BS 42, six isolates showed tolerance to temperature from 20ºC -50ºC (BS 10, BS 14, BS 18, BS 27, BS 37, BS 43), four isolates showed tolerance to water potential from - 0.05 Mpa to- 0.73 Mpa (BS 4, BS 10, BS 18, BS 33).
Karyotypic and Morphometric Analysis of A Predatory Rove Beetle, Paederus littoralis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Jammu Region of Outer Himalayas, India
Authors: Ayoub Bhatti Arshad , Khajuria Manvi
Published: July 2018

In the present study, the chromosomes of a predatory rove beetle Paederus littoralis were studied from Jammu region of outer Himalayas. These beetles are also potential bio-control agents in suppressing the populations of cereal aphids. The diploid chromosome number was found to be 2n=32 including 22 metacentric, 3 submetacentric, 6 subtelocentric and 1 telocentric chromosomes. The sex chromosomes (Xyp) included submetacentric X and telocentric y chromosome. Meiotic observations comprised diplotene, diakinesis and metaphase-I. The study is helpful in solving taxonomic problems with in the family Staphylinidae and it authenticates the existence of this particular species through chromosomal data.
Growth, saponin and nitrogen content of common plantain (Plantago major L.) tissue with gibberellic acid application (GA3)
Authors: KHRISTYANA LYA , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , MARSUSI MARSUSI
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to study application effect on growth, saponin content and tissue nitrogen of common plantain (Plantago major L.). P. major was one of plant which has potency as a medicinal plant. The addition of GA3 exogenous to the plant would cause GA3 binding with receptor protein in the plasma membrane region, which caused specific gene activation, so that specific RNA molecule formed, and would trigger one or more enzyme forming which regulate plant growth and influence protein synthesis also plant secondary metabolite production. Data elicited by completely randomized design (CRD) with single factor (GA3 application). The application of GA3 was done once a week for two months, with following concentrations: 0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm, each treatment with five replications. The measurement of leaves width, dry weight, saponin content and nitrogen tissue were done after harvest. Data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and followed by DMRT 5% confidence level. The result showed that GA3 application giving significant effect to dry weight and saponin content, but was not give significant effect to leaves width and tissue nitrogen content. The highest GA3 concentration for increased leaves width was 50 ppm. The highest dry weight and saponin content was on 75 ppm GA3 application, whereas for the highest tissue nitrogen was on 25 ppm GA3 treatment.
Possibility of Acorus calamus L. rhizome oil as repellent against Culex quinquefasciatus L. mosquito
Authors: UTARI CR. SRI , WIDYARINI T. , D. SUTARMIADJI , DHARMAWAN RUBEN , DARUKUTNI DARUKUTNI
Published: July 2018

Culex quinquefasciatus L. is a vector mosquito for bancroftian filariasis in an urban area. One way to prevent the mosquito bites is the use of repellents. The study aims to reveal the potency of Acorus calamus rhizome oil as a repellent against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Experimental 90 mosquitoes were divided into three groups and two groups were treated with different repellents. One group was treated with sari puspa and another group with Calamus rhizome oil. The fluid group was the control group. Each group was treated four times. ANOVA test gave F test > F table, and t test (Î± = 5%) showed that t test > t table. This statistic test supported a conclusion that Calamus rhizome oil (Acorus calamus L.) was a potential repellent against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
The effects of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) extract and storage period on seed borne fungi and citrus (Citrus sp.) seed viability
Authors: DAYUNI DEWI DEVY , WIRYOWIDODO WARSOKO , WIDONO SALIM
Published: July 2018

The recalcitrant seeds need a high moisture level during in storage to prevent loss its viability. The storage at a high moisture level is a favorable condition for fungi growth and on the other hand, a low seeds moisture level will loss the seeds viability. The citrus seeds as one of recalcitrant seeds need a special condition in storage. The storage of citrus seeds by using kencur (Kaempferia galangal L.) extract can protect the seeds against fungi during storage and preserve its viability. The purpose of this research was to determine the best concentration of K. galanga extract which protects the citrus seeds against fungi as long as period storage, the kind of fungi and its percentage of infection, and the citrus seeds viability. This research was carried out in September until November in 2004 at Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. The citrus seed used was Keprok variety from Ponorogo. The research design was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), with the treatments: (1) included the seeds without being stored and without being given by K. galanga extract, (2) the seeds were stored for 2 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (3) the seeds were stored for 4 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (4) the seeds were stored for 6 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, and (5) the seeds were stored for 8 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract. Data were analyzed by using F test with 5% and 1% significance levels. If there were real differences, it was continued to be tested by using a Duncan multiple range test with 5% significance level. The results of this research showed that K. galanga extract by 50% was the best concentration that protected the citrus seeds against fungi for 2 weeks of storage. The storage of citrus seeds with K. galanga extract more than 2 weeks decreased seeds viability. The dominant kinds of fungi that attack citrus seeds in the storage were Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., obtained by using a blotter test.
Diuretic effect of milk coffee on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with variation of milk types
Authors: BISTANI DINA ANGELIA , LISTYAWATI SHANTI , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2018

Bistani DA, Listyawati S, Setyawan AD. 2007. Diuretic effect of milk coffee on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with variation of milk types. Biofarmasi 5: 8-15. Caffeine content in coffee is a mild diuretic which increase glomerule filtration and reduce natrium reabsorbtion in renal tubule. Some people mix milk into the coffee because they do not like the bitter taste from caffeine. Milk contains glucose which can cause osmotic diuretic and increase urine excretion. The aim of this research was to find out the diuretic effects of orally intakes of coffee-milk on white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a variation of milk kind. This research was done in Biology Sub Laboratory, Central Laboratory of MIPA UNS, Surakarta, Central Java. A Completely Randomized Design with five groups and four replications to each group was used in this study. The treatments applied for those groups were: (i) aquadest (group I), (ii) coffee solution (group II), (iii) coffee + sweetened condensed milk solution (group III), (iv) coffee + soymilk solution (group IV), and (v) coffee + skim milk solution (group V). The parameters used for the physical characteristics of urine were volume, colour, clearness, pH value and density. The parameters used for the chemical characteristics were the glucose analysis by Benedict test for qualitative and spectrophotometry for quantitative, and the analysis of NaCl content by Fantus method. The data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance (Anova) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that a variation of milk kind was not effect on volume, colour, clearness, pH value, density, and glucose content after 4 hours of treatments, but effect on NaCl content after 4 hours of treatments.
The effect of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) leaves extract to methyl mercury concentration in blood and characteristics of erythrocyte of rat after exposed by methyl mercury chloride
Authors: WIDYAWATI WIWIK , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO , LISTYAWATI SHANTI
Published: July 2018

Widyawati W, Wiryanto, Listyawati S. 2007. The effect of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) leaves extract to methyl mercury concentration in blood and characteristics of erythrocyte of rat after exposed by methyl mercury chloride. Biofarmasi 5: 26-37. Methyl mercury is the most toxic of the kind of mercury wich used society in various levels since a long ago. Naturally, methyl mercury is produced from methylation process of anorganic mercury by methanogenic bacteria on aquatic sediment. The over existency of methyl mercury in distric area will be toxic if entry the organisms body. The aims of the research were to study the effect of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.) leaves extract to methyl mercury concentration in blood and the characteristics of erythrocyte of rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) after exposed by methyl mercury chloride, and to study the most effective dose of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.) leaves extract to reduce the concentration of methyl mercury in blood and to repair the characteristics of erythrocyte after exposed by methyl mercury chloride. The research used a Completely Random Design with six groups, each group consisted of 4 repetitions. The treatments of each group were aquadest 2.5 ml (placebo), methyl mercury chloride 2.99 mg/kg BW (negative control), L-Cystein 5.4 mg/kg BW (positive control), and the extract of sambung nyawa leaves 1.945, 3.889, and 5.834 g/kg BW. The observation included the concentration of methyl mercury in blood, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number, and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), which analyzed by Analysis of Variance (Anova) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significance level of 5%. The morphology of erythrocyte observation was analyzed qualitatively. The result of research showed that the extract of sambung nyawa leaves at doses of 1.945, 3.889, and 5.834 g/kg BW affected to reduce the concentration of methyl mercury in blood significantly and to repair the characteristics of erythrocyte. The extract of sambung nyawa leaves that had the highest effectiveness to reduce the methyl mercury concentration in blood and to repair the characteristics of erythrocyte was on a dose of 5.834 mg/kg BW.
Reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata callus culture elicited by Pythium sp.
Authors: ASTUTI NINIK PUJI , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: July 2018

Astuti NP, Solichatun, Susilowati A. 2007. Reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata callus culture elicited by Pythium sp. Biofarmasi 5: 55-66. This research aimed to study the effect of elicitor derived from Pythium sp. on reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baillon callus culture. Callus was induced from R. verticillataâ€™s leaf segment, and grew optimally on Murashige and Skoogâ€™s medium with the addition of 2 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L kinetin. Callus was elicited with elicitor derived from autoclaved Pythium sp. on the 30th day. The concentrations of elicitor were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg DW/mL. The harvesting times of elicited callus were at 0, 18, 36 and 72 hours. The morphology of callus (texture and color) was observed descriptively. The dry weight of callus and reserpine content were analyzed statistically by using General Linear Model Univariate (GLM Univariate) and followed by Duncanâ€™s Multiply Ring Test (DMRT) at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the concentration of elicitor and harvesting time influenced the dry weight and reserpine content of R. verticillata callus culture significantly. As much as 2 mg DW/mL elicitor with a harvesting time at 72 hours produced the lowest dry weight of callus that was 0.039 g, but produced the highest reserpine content that was 481.900 mg/g DW of callus or increased 103.849% compared to the control.
The effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in ration on performance of male New Zealand White rabbit
Authors: WICAKSONO PRAMUWIDHI PEKIK , SUBAGYO Y.B.P. , LUTOJO LUTOJO
Published: July 2018

Wicaksono PP, Subagyo YBP, Lotojo. 2008. The effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in ration on performance of male New Zealand White rabbit. Biofarmasi 6: 16-21. This research aimed to determine the effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation on male New Zealand White rabbit performance. The research was conducted at Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Non Ruminansia (BPBTNR), located in Balekambang, Surakarta from 23 April to 18 June 2007. This research used 16 male New Zealand White rabbits divided into four treatments and four replicates, each repetition used a single rabbit. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with unbalanced data. The treatment given was 60% forage, 40% concentrate with papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in feed, consisted of without papaya sap (P0), feed with papaya sap 0.2 g/rabbit (P1), feed with papaya sap 0.4 g/rabbit (P2), and feed with papaya sap 0.6 g/rabbit (P3). The research variables observed were feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. The results of research showed that papaya sap supplementation up to 0.6 g/rabbit did not increase feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed efficiency and did not decrease feed conversion.
Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors: PRISKILA MARIA , ARININGRUM DIAN , SUPARYANTI ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH
Published: July 2018

Priskila M, Ariningrum D, Suparyanti ES. 2008. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) extract on reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus). Biofarmasi 6: 45-51. Garlic has been widely recognized as herbal medicine for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. The main bioactive compound, allicin, can influence cholesterol metabolism, reduce total cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of garlic extract on the reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats. This research was an experimental research with pre and post-test control group design. The research used male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Â±3 mounts old and Â±200 grams of body weight. The rats were divided into two groups, group I and II; each group consisted of 15 rats. Before the treatment, all rats were induced by a high-cholesterol diet for two weeks, to get a hypercholesterolemic condition. Group I, as a control group, were induced by a high-cholesterol diet, while group II, treatment group, were also induced by a high-cholesterol diet orally by 0.432 grams garlic extract /200 grams body weight/day. The treatment occurred for 25 days. The data were taken before the treatment and after the last treatment, by taking the blood from orbital sine of rats which been fasted for 12 hours, and the level of serum cholesterol total and the level of serum HDL cholesterol were checked from both groups, then the results were analyzed with t-test. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the oral induction of 0.432 grams garlic extract /200 grams body weight/day for 25 days on rats, could not reduce total cholesterol, therefore the serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio was not significant (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the decrease of total cholesterol in treatment group and the decrease of HDL cholesterol in both groups were significant (p<0.05).
Fermentation kinetics in kombucha tea with tea kind variation based on its processing
Authors: ARDHENIATI MINANG , ANDRIANI M.A.M. , AMANTO BAMBANG SIGIT
Published: July 2018

Ardheniati M, Andriani MAM, Amanto BS. 2009. Fermentation kinetics in kombucha tea with tea kind variation based on its processing. Biofarmasi 7: 48-55. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of agriculture commodities which contains powerful substance, especially in health sector. The kinds of tea in Indonesia are green tea and black tea. Kombucha tea is made from water and tea boiled with fermentation process about 8-12 days. It consists of complex material changed by Acetobacter xylinum bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae leavened. The purpose of the research was to find out the impact of the kinds of tea toward kombucha tea fermentation kinetics with the parameter of specific growth pace (Âµ), cell growth result (Yx/s), product formation (Yp/s), generation time (td), and the amount of multiplication (N). This research was done in UPT Central Laboratory of MIPA Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The fermentation process optimization was done with the amount of inoculum of 10% (v/v), the temperature of 30oC and the initial sugar content of 10% (b/v). The analysis toward sugar content reduction, acetate acid content, pH value, and kombucha tea microbiology was done about 8 days of fermentation with 24 hours interval. The data generated were treated by a descriptive analysis and t-test investigation, so that the difference of fermentation kinetics between green kombucha tea and black kombucha tea could be found. The results of the research showed that the fermentation kinetic of green kombucha tea had an aerobe and anaerobe specific growth pace of 0.055/hour and 0.015/hour, respectively, cell growth result 1.901x107 cfu/mg, product formation 0.064, the efficiency of acetic acid production toward sugar reduction 11.814%, the generation time in aerobe and anaerobe condition 12.6 and 46.2 hours, respectively, and the amount of multiple of 3.583 times. Meanwhile, the fermentation kinetic of black kombucha tea showed an aerobe and anaerobe specific growth pace of 0.054/hour and 0.018/hours, respectively, cell growth result 2.425x107 cfu/mg, product formation 0.081, the efficiency of acetic acid production toward sugar reduction 11.510%, the generation time in aerobe and anaerobe condition 12.8 hours and 38.5 hours, respectively, and the amount of multiple 3.583 times. From t-test investigation, it was found that the aerobe specific growth pace, the efficiency of acetic acid production toward sugar reduction, the aerobe generation time, the cell growth, and the product formation were not significantly different. Meanwhile, the anaerobe specific growth pace, the anaerobe generation time, and the amount of multiple were significantly different.
Effect of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) extract with bronchial inflammation grade on Balb/C mice asthma allergic model
Authors: KUNTORO KUNTORO , SUTATI SRI , PUTRANTO R. PRIHANDJOJO ANDRI
Published: July 2018

Kuntoro, Sutarti S, Putranto RPA. 2010. Effect of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) extract with bronchial inflammation grade on Balb/C mice with asthma allergic model. Biofarmasi 8: 37-40. This research aimed to determine the effect of patikan kebo extract towards bronchial inflammation grade on Balb/C mice asthma allergic model. This research used a laboratory experiment with a posttest only control group design by using 24 Balb/C male mice, divided into four groups (control group, asthma allergic group, patikan kebo 10 mg/mice, patikan kebo 20 mg/mice). Samples were sensitized on day-0 and day-14 intraperitoneally, and continued in day-21, 23, 25 and 27 aerosol in 30 minutes. In day-28, the bronchus samples were collected, and the bronchial inflammation grade was observed with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The obtained data were analyzed statistically with Kruskal-Wallis continued with MannWhitney using the program of SPSS for Windows Release 12.0. The data were analyzed with a margin of significance p<0.05. The grading the inflammation of control group was grade 2 (83.33%) and grade 3 (16.67%). Asthma allergic group was grade 3 (16.67%) and grade 4 (83.33%). Patikan kebo 10 mg/mice group was grade 2 (33.33%) and grade 3 (66.67%). Patikan kebo 20 mg/mice group was grade 2 (33.33%) and grade 3 (66.67%). There was a significant difference between asthma allergic group with patikan kebo 10 mg/mice and patikan kebo 20 mg/mice group in a grade inflammation (p=0.009). There was no significant difference in a grade inflammation between patikan kebo 10 mg/mice group with patikan kebo 20 mg/mice (p=1,000). Patikan kebo extract 10 mg/mice and 20 mg/mice reduced the bronchial inflammation grade in Balb/C mice asthma allergic model.
Effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica) leaf extract on mice spermatogenesis
Authors: AMALINA NUR , SUYATMI SUYATMI , SUPARYANTI ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH
Published: July 2018

Amalina N, Suyatmi, Suparyanti EL. 2010. Effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica) leaf extract on mice spermatogenesis. Biofarmasi 8: 47-51. This research aimed to determine the effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) leaf extract in habiting spermatogenesis. Flavonoids can inhibit aromatase enzyme that function to catalyze the conversion of androgens into estrogen so that the level of the testosterone hormone will increase. The high concentration of testosterone will affect on the feedback to the pituitary, that not releasing FSH and LH, so it will inhibit spermatogenesis. This research is an experimental research with post-test only controlled group design method, using male mice, 2-3 months age, weight 20-30 g, as many as 24 mice divided into 4 groups. The first group was a control group, the second group as treatment group I that given with 1.4 mg/20 g body weight beluntas extract, the third group as treatment group II that given with 2.8 mg/g body weight beluntas extract. The fourth group as treatment group III that given with 5.6 mg/g body weight beluntas extract. The treatment was given for 10 days after that the testes of mice were taken and from each testicle was made 3 slices and from each slice the most representative seminiferous tubule was taken for spermatid cells. So, each mice had 18 units of data would be analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed with Anova to determine the significant differences before and after the treatment of extract and to be compared the difference between four groups with Dunnet T3 test to determine the difference between each group. Based on the statistical test results with Dunnet T3, it showed a significant difference between the fours study groups, except between treatment groups I and II. This might be due to the effectiveness of the two doses equally so that by doubling the dose, it did not give a doubling effect on decreasing spermatids. The provision of beluntas leaf extract can cause a decrease in the number of spermatid cells in mice. The average spermatid cells number decreased with increasing beluntas leaf extract dose. The best dose for reducing the number of spermatids in this study was the dose in the treatment group III that was 5.6 mg/g body weight.
The influence of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia) and storage time toward beef quality
Authors: RAHMAN AVE SONIA , PURWOKO TJAHJADI , NUGRAHENI ESTU RETNANINGTYAS
Published: July 2018

Rahman AS, Purwoko T, Nugraheni ER. 2011. The influence of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia) and storage time toward beef quality. Biofarmasi 9: 26-32. The high protein content of beef makes it easy to get a contamination caused by an activity of bacteria. The use of formalin as a preservative substance especially for beef can make a damage to health, so it is required to find preservative substances as alternative to substitute formalin. Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) has antibacteria compounds to the decompose bacteria of beef, so mengkudu fruit can be one of natural preservative substance alternatives, especially for beef. The purposes of this research were to determine the influence of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit and a storage-time effect toward bacteria amount, and to determine the concentration that had a same activity with formalin to combate the replication of bacteria. This research used two-way completely randomized design. The samples were fresh meat beef that be submerged in mengkudu extract with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% and formalin 1% as a comparator. After that, the beef was storaged in a room temperature during 16 hours, and every 4 hours it was tested for water content, pH value, beef temperature and a total plate count (TPC) test with a dilution method, and then the number of bacteria colonies with the limit of the bacteria amount of the beef to consume might not be more than 1x104 CFU/gram. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. If there was a significance, it would be continued by a DMRT test with an error rate 5%. The research results showed that all extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit and storage-time gave a significant effect (p<0.05) toward bacteria amount. The concentration of 100% had the same activity with formalin to combate the replication of bacteria among 16 hours storage time.
Effect of putri malu (Mimosa pudica) extract on Ascaris suum mortality in vitro
Authors: SYAHID MUHAMMAD ARIF NUR , UTARI CR. SITI , DJUMARGA SUTARMIADJI
Published: July 2018

Syahid MAN, Utari CRS, Djumarga S. 2011. Effect of putri malu extract (Mimosa pudica) on Ascaris suum mortality in vitro. Biofarmasi 9: 33-37. This study was to determine the influence of Mimosa pudica extract in Ascaris suum mortality. This research was a laboratory experiment, with a post-test only with control group design by using 140 adult A. suum, divided into seven groups. This research used NaCl 0.9% for a negative control, pirantel pamoat 5 mg/mL solution for a positive control, and five intervention by using 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of M. pudica extract. The observation was conducted in every two hours until worm death and it was started to be counted after all worm death. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test continued with Least Significance Difference (LSD) by using SPP for Window Release 17 with a significance level p<0.05. The results showed that all A. suum death in 96 hours at negative control, 2 hours at positive control, 29.5 hours at 20% M. pudica extract, 24.5 hours at 40% M. pudica extract, 16 hours at 60% M. pudica extract, 12 hours at 80% M. pudica extract and 4 hours at 100% M. pudica extract. There was a significant difference in the death time of A. suum in all research groups. From the result of research, it could be concluded that the extract of putri malu had an effect on accelerating A. suum mortality time.
The influence of aqueous extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats
Authors: MARSALINA MEISA , SAMIGUN SAMIGUN , HARDJANTI ENDANG SRI
Published: July 2018

Marsalina M, Samigun, Hardjanti ES. 2011. The influence of aqueous extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats. Biofarmasi 9: 43-49. This study aimed to investigate the influence of aqueous extract of roselle calyx on blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats. This experimental research was arranged as a pre and post-test controlled group design. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats, with 3 months of age and 250 g in average weight, were used as an animal model. Those rats were grouped equally into five groups, i.e. negative control (aquadest), positive control (0.26 mg lovastatin/200 g body weight of rats/2 mL), the first dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (65 mg/200 g/2 mL), the second dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (130 mg/200 g/2 mL), and the third dose of aqueous extract of roselle calyx (195 mg/200 g/2 mL). The measurement of rat blood cholesterol level was conducted before and after treatment, while the rat body weight was measured once a week. The result of this study was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA statistical test. The one-way ANOVA statistical test showed no significant difference on reducing blood cholesterol level with p=0.327 (p>0.05) and body weight in rat with p=0.154, p=0.214, and p=0.938 (p>0.05). This study concluded that the aqueous extract of roselle calyx has no influence on lowering blood cholesterol level and body weight in rats.
The effect of various rice varieties to antimicrobial activity of red mould rice by Monascus purpureus
Authors: SULISTYORINI FITRI , ANDRIANI M.A.M. , UTAMI ROHULA
Published: July 2018

Sulistyorini F, Andriani M, Utami R. 2008. The effect of various rice varieties to antimicrobial activity of red mould rice by Monascus purpureus. Biofarmasi 9: 50-54. This research had been done at Food and Nutrient Laboratory and Manipulated of Process Laboratory, Agriculture Product Technology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta, started from May until September 2008. The aim of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of red mould rice from white rice, red rice and black rice. This research used a factorial experiment that arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with two experimental factors. The first factor was three levels of rice variety, i.e. white rice (B1), red rice (B2) and black rice (B3). The second factor was fourth levels of extract concentrations, i.e. 2.5% (K1), 5.0% (K2), 7.5% (K3) and 10% (K4). The observation variables included colonies total of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, with a plate count method. The result of this research showed that the interaction of rice variety of red mould rice and the extract concentration effected to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and not effected to Escherichia coli. The extract of red mould rice from black rice with 10% concentration extract, had the highest antimicrobial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The conclusion of this research was red mould rice had an antimicrobial activity. Red mould rice from black rice had an antimicrobial activity higher than red mould rice from red rice and red mould rice from white rice.
The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar
Authors: NOVIANA ESTRI , SHOLAHUDDIN SHOLAHUDDIN , WIDADI SRI
Published: July 2018

Noviana E, Sholahuddin, Widadi S. 2012. The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) on soybean. Biofarmasi 10: 46-53. Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura F.) is an important pest in the most of food crops (polyphagous). The control of S. litura generally still uses the chemical insecticides that negatively affect the environment and ecosystem. One of the ways of environmentally friendly control was with vegetable insecticides. Suren (Toona sureni Blume) has an opportunity to be used as plant-based insecticide because of the abundant presence. Suren acts as an insect repellent. Suren contains surenone, surenin and surenolactone that act as repellent, growth inhibitor, insecticide and anti-feedant. This study aimed to determine the effect of suren leaf extract on S. litura and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. This research was conducted in FebruaryMay 2011 at the Laboratory of Plant Pest and Disease and the Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments repeated in three times. Data were analyzed by F-test at 5% of significance level and a Duncan test. Suren leaf was extracted with water then made in concentrations of 50%; 25%; 12.5%; 6.25% and 0%. In the laboratory test, it was used a leaf dip method. The treatment was conducted in the first 24 hours, then it was used the feed without the treatment and observed until the next generation. In the field test, larvae was invested in plants one day before the treatment for an adaptation. Observation was conducted up to seven days after application. The results showed that the application of suren leaf extract up to 50% concentration had not been able to cause the death of S. litura larvae. The suren leaf extract was toxic to S. litura, indicated by the emphasis of eating activity of S. litura, so that the damage caused to be lower and reduced the level of fertility and fecundity so that it could reduce the population of S. litura in the next generation. The application of suren leaf extract in soybean plant by a spray method showed the results that a low concentration extract (6.25%) was more effective to suppress the damage up to 51%. The texture of a high concentration extract was so thick, so that it was unable to spread to the plant parts and formed clumps that fall to the ground, because the leaves were unable to support the fluid clumps of extract. The application of suren leaf extract caused the phytotoxic symptoms in soybean plants with increasing concentration.
Effect of extraction method on Curcuma xanthorrhiza oleoresin using solar dryer to concentration of curcuminoid, total phenol and antioxidant activty
Authors: VITANTI THERESIA AGNIEST PRICILLA , KAWIJI KAWIJI , NURHARTADI EDHI
Published: July 2018

Vitanti TAP, Kawiji, Edhi N. 2012. Effect of extraction method on Curcuma xanthorrhiza oleoresin using solar dryer to concentration of curcuminoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity. Biofarmasi 14: 1-9. Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a type of drug plant that has high enough capacity of production in Indonesia. Generally, commerced in the form of fresh curcuma or processed product as simple as simplicia and curcuma powder. Processed products that could be developed is curcuma oleoresin. It is a mixture of essential oils and resins obtained from extraction process of curcuma powder using an organic solvent. Oleoresin has the same flavor and aroma to the extracted material. Due to these characteristics, it is used as a flavor and food coloring, other than as a raw material in pharmaceutical industry. In addition, it also contains active compounds which can support the utilization of drug and food industries. This study aims to determine whether the size of the powder, powdered curcuma immersion time, and interactions between them that can be influenced the content of curcuminoids, total phenol and antioxidant activity of curcuma oleoresin. Selection of solar dryers in the drying process is based on previously studied that compare the natural drying technique with a solar dryer, and the best results of those studies are shown in the solar dryer. This research using completely randomized design with two factors: the size variation of curcuma powder (60, 80 and 100 mesh) and immersion time variation (extraction) of curcuma powder (12, 24 and 36 hours). The results showed that the powder size of curcuma and immersion time has an effect on curcuminoid content, total phenol and antioxidant activity of curcuma oleoresin. However, there are no interaction between both factors. That is, the size and the immersion time of curcuma powder do not affect each other on the content of curcuminoid, total phenol and activity of antioxidant.
Control of Spodoptera litura pests on Deli tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabaccum) with natural pesticides from Melia azedarach bark extract
Authors: BATUBARA RIDWANTI , DALIMUNTE AFIFUDDIN
Published: July 2018

Batubara R, Dalimunte A. 2016. Control of Spodoptera litura pests on Deli tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabaccum) with natural pesticides from Melia azedarach bark extract. Biofarmasi 14: 33-37. The objective of this study was to assay the potential of mindi bark extract (Melia azedarach L.) as a natural pesticide on ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura Fab.) in Deli tobacco pest (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) in various solvents and concentrations. In this study, mindi bark was powdered and extracted using various solvents, i.e. methanol, acetone, and akuadest. Five concentration levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% were prepared, then tested in the laboratory for the ability to eradicate ulat grayak and phytochemically tested for extractive chemical (or secondary metabolite) content. The difference of mindi bark extract from different solvents significantly affect on ulat grayak mortality; on the other hand, the concentration and interaction between solvent type and concentration did not significantly affect on ulat grayak mortality. The mindi bark extract contains alkaloids and little saponins in acetone extract.
Antioxidant capacity of temulawak drink (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) with white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar
Authors: S SETIYA NING RUM , KAWIJI KAWIJI , ARIVIANI SETYANINGRUM
Published: July 2018

Rum SSN, Kawiji, Setyaningrum A. 2016. Antioxidant capacity of temulawak drink (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) with white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar. Biofarmasi 14: 39-46. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of temulawak extract in water solution; to determine the antioxidant capacity of white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar which commonly used in making temulawak drink; to determine the synergic effect of sugar addition to temulawak drink product; and also to determine the sensory quality (colour, taste, and flavour) of temulawak drink produced by parameters. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CAD) with two factors, concentration of temulawak extract (10, 20, and 30 gr/litre), and the kind of sugar added (white crystal sugar cane, red crystal sugar cane, palm sugar, and arenga palm sugar) with 50 g/litre concentration of addition, respectively. This research was studied the antioxidant activity (radical DPPH scavenging activity), total phenol, and sensory analysis (Multiple Comparison Test). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 (Î±=0,05). This study showed that the radical DPPH scavenging activity and total phenol were increase due to the increase of temulawak extract concentration. It might be due to water-soluble phenol compound like xanthorrizol extracted more largely. Radical DPPH scavenging activity and total phenol of sugars were significantly different which from the highest to the lowest palm sugar, arenga palm sugar (which usually used by people to make traditional health drink), red crystal sugar cane and white crystal sugarcane, respectively. Synergic effect of temulawak drink antioxidant capacity occured due to the sugar addition. The study also showed that sensory quality of produced temulawak drink with all treatments was not significantly different.
An examination on various concentrations of mahkota dewa and meniran extract and liquid organic fertilizer in Centella asiatica shoot growth in vitro
Authors: SISKAYANTI VENI , ARNIPUTRI RETNA BANDRIYATI , PRASWANTO PRASWANTO
Published: July 2018

Siskayanti V, Arniputri RB, Praswanto. 2016. An examination on various concentrations of mahkota dewa and meniran extract and liquid organic fertilizer in Centella asiatica shoot growth in vitro. Biofarmasi 14: 47-55. Centella (Centella asiatica L) is one plant utilized as the traditional medicine because it has many benefits, one of which is to fulfill the brain requirement. The aims of this research was to know of media type, mahkota dewa and meniran extract, concentration of meniran, concentration of mahkota dewa, and concertation of liquid organic fertilizer what as well as shoot growth of Centella using tissue culture and filtering (2k design) that is expected it can be screened of the basic media types, organic material types (mahkota dewa and meniran extract), meniran concentration, mahkota dewa concentration and liquid organic fertilizer concentration. This research was taken place in Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, from November 2010 to June 2011. This research used 2k design with RAL environment. Factor 1: Media type ( Â½ MS and MS); Factor 2: Concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (2 mL/L and 20 mL/L); Factor 3: Concentration of meniran 5 mL/L and 25 mL/L); and Factor 4: Concentration of mahkota dewa (5 mL/L and 25 mL/L). Thus, there is 24 = 16 treatment combinations, each of which is repeated three times. The variables observed are shoot emerging duration, shoot number, shoot height, and leaves number. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result of research showed that basic media MS, that basic media MS, POC 20 mL/L, and meniran extract 5 mL/L provided the best explants growth of Centella through in vitro.
Preparation of essential oil ointment of lime leaves (Citrus amblycarpa) and stability test on base type used
Authors: NARESWARI NINDYA , KUNCORO ANANG
Published: July 2018

Nareswari N, Kuncoro A. 2016. Preparation of essential oil ointment of lime leaves (Citrus amblycarpa) and stability test on base type used. Biofarmasi 14: 63-68. Citrus lime has a content of volatile oil contained in the leaves and the skin. Essential oils from the leaves of citrus lime-containing Î²-pinene, linalool, citronellal, and geraniol citronellol. The yield of essential oil of citrus lime leaves 0,47% could inhibit the growth of bacteria S.aureus with KBM and the MIC values of 0,039% (v / v).This research is design experimental that used Pre Test Post Test Control Desain. The essential oil for skin medication has to be made in practical and stable preparation. Ointment is a semi-solid preparation which is easy to be applied and to be used as the external medicine.The use of essential oil of citrus lime leaf was made in ointment preparation with three varieties of basis, those are water-soluble basis, absorptive bases and base hydrocarbon, in order for the ointment to be easily applied into skin. The physical stability test series which consisted of the homogeneity, the organoleptic, the viscosity the adhesiveness, and the dispersiveness and the acidity level (pH) of the ointment preparation was tested for 8 weeks in order to investigate the most stable ointment basis out of the three formulae to make the ointment of the essential oil of citrus lime (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk) Ochse). Next, the stability of the ointment preparations was investigated from the data which contained the results of the observation from the first week to the eighth week. The data were analyzed statistically by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis technique. Finally, the data were analyzed by using the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in order to investigate the effect of the difference in the basis of the ointment on the stability of the ointment preparations. The results of the research indicate that all three types of base oils used in ointment citrus lime leaves have a good physical stability test based on the results of the viscosity, the acidity level (pH), the dispersiveness and the adhesiveness.
Short Communication: Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea ethanolic extracts and correlation with their phytochemical profiles
Authors: EDRAH SALEM MOHAMED
Published: July 2018

Edrah SM. 2017. Short Communication: Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Alchemilla vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea ethanolic extracts and correlation with their phytochemical profiles. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 15: 96-99. The ethanol extracts of leaves of Alchemilla vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea were studied for antimicrobial activity at 10 mg/mL concentrations by using disc diffusion method on two gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis; three gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one fungi: Candida albicans were used in the study. After incubation for 24 hrs, the zone of inhibition was compared with standard antibiotics Gentamycin (10 Î¼g/disc) which was used as positive control. From the dose-dependent study, it was concluded that the ethanol extract of A. vulgaris was more potential than leave extract of P. oleracea. Almost all of the chemical ingredients present in both ethanol extracts such as tannins, flavonoids, phenols which may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
Dos epígrafes con escena de banquete y una mención a una unidad organizativa indígena en Lara de los Infantes
Authors: Carcedo de Andrés Bruno P.
Published: July 2018

El objeto de este trabajo es presentar dos nuevos testimonios epigráficos con representación de la escena del banquete y con mención a una unidad organizativa indígena, aparecidos durante las labores de acondicionamiento de dos inmuebles en Lara de los Infantes.This paper presents two new epigraphic evidences, found during the upgrading of two buildings in Lara de los Infantes, of the banquet scene together with the mention of an indigenous organizational unit.