bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH VARIASI PENDINGIN TERHADAP KEKUATAN BENDING PADA PENGELASAN TEE JOINT EQUALIZER TYPE YORK TRAILER
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Baramsyah Baramsyah
Published: March 2020

In the present era of technological developments in the industrial world is growing and progressing. But in the industrial world can not be separated from the manufacturing process, especially in the field of welding, because welding has an important role in engineering or reparasi-raparasi associated with metal welding. And also a lot of welding is used in the field of design. The scope of welding use in construction is very wide including shipping industry, bridge, steel frame, heavy equipment, transportation facilities, pipeline and so forth. In the process of welding requires a person who is reliable or skilled in welding work, in order to produce good quality results. The highest value of bending stress is found on air cooling medium that is 2870,17 N/mm², And the lowest bending voltage value is in water cooling that is 2460,1 N/mm².. The highest shear stress value is in air cooling medium ie 197.96 N/mm², and the lowest shear stress value is in water cooling that is 169.68 N/mm². The bending voltage value allowed is the highest in the air conditioning medium 2474.5 N/mm², And the lowest permissible bending stress value is found in water cooling of 2121 N/mm².
ANALISA SISTEM SUPLAI AIR PRODUKSI DAN AIR PENDINGIN UNTUK KEHANDALAN OPERASI DI PLTU PULANG PISAU (2X66MW)
Authors: Saputra Hendra Hadi , Siswanto Rudi
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the water supply / discharge system of water pretreatment station equipment which is then processed for the purpose of operating a steam power plant. In the distribution process, the reliability of the equipment and the resulting discharge will be observed whether it is in accordance with the provisions for the ideal operation or not. The expected discharge is 518 m3 / h according to the water balance so that the plant can operate full load (2x66 MW). With this condition, the company is expected to benefit. In the actual conditions this ideal discharge condition is not achieved so that the impact of the plant cannot operate full load (2x66 MW). With water conditions that do not match these expectations, it is feared that the company will continue to suffer losses. In fact, this study only obtained a maximum discharge of 402.2 m3 / h. From this figure there is a difference in water debit of 115.8 m3 / h. Furthermore, this debit shortage must be overcome so that the generator can meet the maximum full load performance. For long-term steps, standby backup equipment must be provided in anticipation of the operation.
NEW APPROACH TO BUILDING A COMPETENCY MODEL FOR LIBRARY PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Makeeva O. V.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to present a new approach to building a competency model for a specialist in library and information activities. Methods used in the work: analysis and generalization of the content of domestic and foreign sources on the problem of professional education.

The article presents an analysis of the lists of competencies of the Federal State Educational Standard, opinions of specialists in the field of library and information activities, an approximate list of the scientific (academic) library specialist’s competencies, prepared in 2017 by employees of SPSL SB RAS at the request of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture representatives.

It is concluded that, taking into account numerous discussions about FSES and the professional standard of a specialist in library and information activities, it is necessary to combine the efforts of representatives of the professional community for to achieve consensus in this area and update the existing regulatory framework. It is also advisable to consider the possibility of creating competency profiles that would form the basis for the above-mentioned documents and ensure interests of organizations providing training in the field of library and information activities and institutions-employers.

Novelty. Complex approach is proposed to build a competency model for a specialist in library and information activities, based on integration of approved regulatory documents and employers’ requests: for each group of competencies the basic minimum should be determined (approved by the federal authorities responsible for the state supervision and ensuring compliance of requirements in composition of labor functions, knowledge and skills in approved documents) and the variable part, ensuring compliance of competencies being formed with particularities of libraries of various types (public, academic, special).

This requires development of a regulatory framework in the field of library and information activities (updating existing and developing new documents). The proposed competency model correlates with regulatory documents.

Practical significance: a competency model is proposed, within which educational organizations, institutions of the library and information sphere can jointly form an effective process for training specialists.
Mining and Characterizing the SSR Markers for Black Rice Using the Illumina Sequencing Platform
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Das Prasanta Kumar , Singha Chandra , Sarmah Bidyut Kumar
Published: March 2020

Study in black rice has gain prominence in recent times due to its high nutritive value, curative effect, and anti-oxidant properties. However, its poor agronomic traits, including low yield necessitates the incorporation of the colour-grain trait into elite varieties through plant breeding techniques. SSR markers play an important role in plant identification and breeding. Here, the generation of reference-based transcriptome, annotation of transcriptome datasets, and a large set of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers derived from Black rice have been described. In all 28664 SSRs were predicted in 34978 (48.59%) expressed transcripts. However, 7068 (20.20%) transcripts were found to have more than one SSR. The identified SSRs were dominated by tri-nucleotide and tetra-nucleotide repeats representing about 54.11% and 33.31% respectively, of total SSRs. Validation of selected markers associated with anthocyanin trait performed across different black rice accessions established the reliability of the process used for mining SSR markers. The SSR markers identified in this study could be used to select varieties with desired traits, and to investigate the genetic mechanism underlying anthocyanin accumulation in the pericarps of black rice. Furthermore, the findings from this study may prove beneficial in future genetic diversity studies, primer development, and selective breeding programs.
Analysis of Anomalies and Trends of Climate Change Indices in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico
Authors: Pita-Díaz Oscar , Ortega-Gaucin David
Published: March 2020

Sufficient evidence is currently available to demonstrate the reality of the warming of our planet's climate system. Global warming has different effects on climate at the regional and local levels. The detection of changes in extreme events using instrumental data provides further evidence of such warming and allows for the characterization of its local manifestations. The present study analyzes changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in the Mexican state of Zacatecas using climate change indices developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDI). We studied a 40-year period (1976-2015) using annual and seasonal time scales. Maximum and minimum temperature data were used, as well as precipitation statistics from the Mexican climatology database (CLICOM) provided by the Mexican meteorological service. Weather stations with at least 80% of data availability for the selected study period were selected; these databases were subjected to quality control, homogenization, and data filling using Climatol, which runs in the R programming language. These homogenized series were used to obtain daily grides of the three variables at a resolution of 1.3 km. Results reveal important changes in temperature-related indices, such as the increase in maximum temperature and the decrease in minimum temperature. Irregular variability was observed in the case of precipitation, which could be associated with low-frequency oscillations such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The possible impact of these changes in temperature and the increased irregularity of precipitation could have a negative impact on the agricultural sector, especially given that the state of Zacatecas is the largest national bean producer. The most important problems in the short term will be related to the difficulty of adapting to these rapid changes and the new climate scenario, which will pose new challenges in the future.
Business Opportunities For Fishermen In Selected Barangay In Malolos Coastal Areas Through Economic Sustainability
Authors: Dela Cruz Maybelle N. , Magdaraog Gualberto A.
Published: March 2020

The abundance of marine life and rich aquatic resources are some of the reasons why people in coastal areas particularly in the City of Malolos are engaged in fish catching as the main source of their income. However, as time went on, many things affect the fishing industry such as water pollution, overfishing, muro-ami fishing techniques, increased in the number of a fish pond, fishery resources destruction (dynamite fishing), habitat loss ( mangrove conservation), etc. these situations of Marine life really affects the economic condition of the fishermen and led to poverty and its effects is the fishermen tend to seek for other business opportunities. In line with this, this study focused on assessing the skills and training of fishermen and their relatives that would help them find sustainable business opportunities. The subject of this study involved 100 randomly selected fishermen and their relatives in three-selected barangay such as barangay Caliligawan, Masile, and Namayan in the City of Malolos coastal areas. In order to gather data, the researcher used descriptive and qualitative techniques. The instrument used in the study was developed by the researcher and validated by the experts in the field. The data gathered were tabulated and treated using frequency, percentage mean and ranking. The analysis revealed the following: The total number of sari-sari store in three selected barangays varies through the total number of population; Most of the respondents in coastal areas are of legal age and capable of handling business; Most of the respondents in coastal areas are willing to have training such as automotive and merchandising for their business opportunities; Most of the respondent in coastal areas are married the reason why they are willing to have the training to have business opportunities that may help them to prepare the future of their children; Among the three selected barangay in coastal areas barangay Masile have the highest educational attainment while the respondents in other two barangays are mostly in elementary level; Most of the respondents belong to “Samahang Kababaihan” in coastal areas; Most of the respondents are resourceful to look for their financial resources; Some of the respondents have no formal training from Local Government and NGO and most of them gained their knowledge by observing and through media particularly the television; lastly most of the respondents in coastal areas are not aware that some of the resources and materials around them can be used as business opportunities. The output of this research is highly recommended for the Extension Service of the different colleges of the Bulacan State University.
Popliteal Cysts
Authors: Van Nest Duncan S. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Smith Bradley J. , Beatty Tricia M. , Freedman Kevin B.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Treatment methods for popliteal cysts have varied over the past several decades and have posed challenges to providers as recurrences were frequent. With greater understanding of relevant anatomy, both operative and nonoperative treatment methods have evolved to appropriately target relevant pathology and improve outcomes. The purposes of this review were to outline the evolution of treatment methods and to qualitatively summarize clinical outcomes.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review on treatments for popliteal cysts to include publications from 1970 to 2019. Other inclusion criteria consisted of studies with ≥10 patients enrolled, studies with a patient age of ≥16 years, studies with an adequate description of the treatment technique, and studies with a Level of Evidence of IV or higher. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and literature quality was assessed using a modified Coleman methodology score.

Results:

Thirty studies met inclusion criteria in this review. Nine studies discussed nonoperative treatment, and 21 studies discussed operative treatment. Eight of the 9 nonoperative treatment studies utilized corticosteroid injections. The most recent studies have advocated for ultrasound-guided intracystic injection with possible cyst fenestration. Most operative studies utilized an arthroscopic approach to enlarge the communication with the joint space. However, alternative treatment techniques are still utilized.

Conclusions:

The current literature on the treatment of popliteal cysts indicates that intracystic corticosteroid injection with cyst fenestration is an effective nonoperative treatment method. Arthroscopic surgical procedures with enlargement of the communication have been most widely studied, with positive results; however, further studies are needed to confirm superiority over other treatment methods.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hydraulic Fracturing Modeling, Fracture Network, and Microseismic Monitoring
Authors: Urban-Rascon Edgar , Aguilera Roberto
Published: March 2020

This paper introduces a 3D hydraulic fracturing propagation model (3D-HFPM) for evaluating fracture extension, geometry, stress response, fracture spacing, and potential for refracturing. The model is illustrated with data of the Horn River shale of Canada.

The model is developed using a combination of finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) for evaluating fluid-flow, fracture deformation, and stress change in the reservoir. The model is calibrated using a limited amount of microseismic observations and recreate the fracture network when microseismic data are unavailable.

An adapting meshing algorithm is incorporated to improve the capacity of the model to handle large and complex fracture networks such as the ones found in low permeability reservoirs.

The continuity of fracture propagation and fluid leak-off during stimulation may be high enough to connect different production intervals and to create interference between stages, especially in wells with small path fracture spacing and multi-level completions.

The comparison between the propagation model and microseismic data shows good agreement as the number of events increases as the fracture propagates into the reservoir. However, using only microseismic data to calculate the extension of the hydraulic fracture results in an overestimation of the fracture length.

The model quantifies the altered stress zone, which is helpful to determine possible fracture reorientation and spacing. The evaluation of stress shadow and fracture reorientation reveals the advantages of refracturing using new over old perforations. The operation restores fracture conductivity and increases the fracture network as well as the drainage areas leading to an economic operation.

The model improves the characterization of the Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) in tight and shale reservoirs in those cases where microseismic data are scarce. Furthermore, the model is a viable tool for evaluating potential refracturing candidates.
An Integrated Field and Simulation Study to Understand the Role of Shut-in on a Montney Well Performance
Authors: Soleiman Asl Taregh , Moussa Tamer , Ezulike Obinna , Dehghanpour Hassan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we analyze and simulate the production data before and after an extended shut-in period from a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation. After flowback and early post-flowback production, the well was shut-in for 7 months due to facility completion. When the well was reopened, the hydrocarbon production rates increased significantly compared to the values before the shut-in. To investigate the reasons behind this enhancement, we simulated three-phase production rates and bottom-hole pressure using the actual reservoir geological model.

To match the production data before the shut-in period, we had to account for the reduction in oil and gas relative permeabilities due to water blockage. This was done by using multipliers of interblock fluid-flow transmissibility near the matrix-fracture interface. We used these transmissibility multipliers as matching parameters, to achieve the match between measured and simulated production data. However, the best history match was achieved, when the values of transmissibility multipliers are increased by 6.5 times after the shut-in. This suggests a significant increase in oil and gas relative permeabilities due to reduction in water blockage near fracture-matrix interface during the extended shut-in period. Since the simulation model was not able to capture the imbibition process controlled by different driving forces, we used transmissibility multipliers to mimic this phenomenon and its corresponding effects on production rates. In addition, we performed sensitivity analyses to investigate the effects of shut-in on the well productivity and economic profitability in terms of net present value (NPV). The results show that for this well, a 6-month shut-in period is optimal for maximizing NPV and hydrocarbon production.
Chemical Proppant Generated in the Fracture from the Novel Fracturing Fluid System
Authors: Luo Zhifeng , Zhang Nanlin , Zhao Liqiang , Wu Lin , Pei Yuxin , Miao Weijie , Yu Yang
Published: March 2020

Hydraulic fracturing is an important method to improve the oil and gas production in low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. A remarkable progress has been made in the technology and materials. However, the existing conventional hydraulic fracturing technology faces problems, such as reservoir damage, equipment abrasion, low effective propped area, and early screen-out. Therefore, a novel self-propped fracturing fluid (SPFF) was proposed, which remains in the liquid-phase before entering the fracture, and forms solid proppant particles when stimulated by the reservoir temperature after entering the fracture (Chemical proppant, CP).

In this paper, the micro-morphology of CP was studied by SEM, and the temperature of the CP-formed was measured by the CP formation experiments at room temperature and field conditions. Furthermore, the compressive strength, thermal stability, stability in formation fluid, acid and alkali, leak-off, core damage, and fracture conductivity of the developed SPFF were tested.

The test results show that the leak-off volume and core damage level of SPFF were less than that of conventional fracturing fluid, thereby effectively reducing the damage to the reservoir permeability. The CP exhibited good performance in terms of compressive strength, thermal stability, stability in reservoir fluid and treatment fluid. Besides, the conductivity of the propped fracture was high. These advantages determine that CP can meet the field treatment requirements. The CP could enter any narrow fractures, and effectively solved the existing problems in the conventional fracturing technology by significantly improving the fracturing effect, especially the network fracturing effect in tight reservoir systems.
A Case of Hypokalemia-induced Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Xie Yanan , Han Jingzhe , Liu Jinming , Hao Jie , Zu Xiuguang , Hao Yuming
Published: March 2020

Background: Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BVT) is a rare but serious arrhythmia. Hypokalemia is commonly seen in clinical practice, but hypokalemia-induced BVT has rarely been reported. Case presentation: A 74-year-old male patient with the symptom of chest distress and palpitation was admitted due to frequent discharge of ICD for 4 days. Before admission, the patient experienced diarrhea after intake of crabs, and felt frequent discharge of ICD with a total of about 17 discharges in 4 days. He had no history of digitalis use. Serum potassium after admission was 3.1 mmol/L and the ECG was consistent with BVT. The diagnosis was ventricular tachycardia, electrical storm and hypokalemia, and ventricular tachycardia was completely relieved after the correction of hypokalemia. Conclusions: After correction of hypokalemia in this patient, the episode of BVT was terminated and no recurrence of BVT was noted during long-term follow-ups, confirming the diagnosis of hypokalemia-induced BVT.
A study on linking of clinical phenotype and gene expression profile in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ciou Jian-Ruei , Ho Pu-Wei , Wu Po-Chang , Chen Shu-I , Chang Ching-Mao , Chang Hen-Hong , Chu Hsueh-Ting
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Malar rash is one of clinical phenotypes seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the pathogenesis of malar rash is not clear for each case of SLE patients. In this paper we endeavored to investigate the linking of clinical phenotype from the gene expression profiles between both patients with malar rash and without malar rash. Therefore we might perform better evaluation of the possible prognosis for different SLE patients in the future.Methods: This study utilizes transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) technologies to discover underlying gene expression profile for systemic lupus erythematosus patients. We performed transcriptome sequencing experiments and analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated pathways.Results: From the analysis of gene expression profiling, we identified the gene DAAM2 is the most differentially expressed gene for patients with malar rash. Using a gene set enrichment analysis, we discuss the linkage between DAAM2 and the possible pathways for systemic lupus erythematosus with malar rash. Conclusions: We identified DAAM2 as a candidate biomarker for the clinical phenotype of malar rash for systemic lupus erythematosus.
“MicroRNA expression profiling of human milk derived exosomes identifies miR-630 and miR-378g as biomarkers in HIV-1 infected women”
Authors: Zahoor Muhammad Atif , Yao Xiao-Dan , Henrick Bethany M , Verschoor Chris P , Abimiku Alash'le , Osawe Sophia , Rosenthal Kenneth L
Published: March 2020

Background: Despite the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1 infected mothers approximately 5% of new HIV-1 infections still occur in breastfed infants annually which warrant for the development of new additional strategies to completely prevent new HIV-1 infections in infants. Human Milk (HM) exosomes are highly enriched in maternal microRNAs (miRNAs) which after ingestion and absorption play an important role in neonatal immunity. Although, HM exosomes from healthy donors are known to inhibit HIV-1 transmission; the effect of HIV-1 on HM exosomal miRNA signatures remains unknown. In the present study, HM derived exosomal miRNA profiles were investigated in HIV-1 infected lactating women. Methods: First week postpartum HM exosomes were purified from uninfected control and HIV-1 infected mothers (n=36), processed for RNA extraction and subjected to miRNA expression profiling by NanoString technology. The data were analyzed, and targets were predicted. Results: We describe that HIV-1 perturbed the differential expression pattern of 19 miRNAs (13 up and 6 downregulated) in HIV-1 infected women compared to healthy controls. DIANA-miR functional Pathway analyses revealed that multiple biological pathways are involved including Cell cycle, Pathways in Cancer, TGF-β signaling, FoxO signaling, Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, p53 signaling and Apoptosis. Further, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses of two of the identified miRNAs, miR-630 and miR-378g for separating HIV-1 infected women from healthy controls yielded areas under the ROC curves of 0.82 (95% CI= 0.67 to 0.82) and 0.83 (95% CI= 0.67 to 0.83), respectively highlighting their potential to serve as biomarkers of HIV-1 infection in women. Conclusions: Our studies provide new information that HIV-1 perturbs the expression levels of HM derived exosomal miRNAs in lactating women. The stability of HM exosomes at room temperature raises the possibility of their utility in HIV-1 screening prior to HIV-1 specific testing in countries like Nigeria. Further, our data may also contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 in infants.
Relations between influenza, dengue outbreaks, and subsequent bacterial sepsis in French Guiana: a time series analysis
Authors: Cropet Claire , Abboud Philippe , Mosnier Emilie , Epelboin Loïc , Djossou Félix , Schrooten Ward , Sobesky Milko , nacher mathieu
Published: March 2020

Objective : Influenza has been shown to increase the risk for severe bacterial infection, in the tropics the seasonality of influenza epidemics is less marked and this may not be the case. Dengue is often followed by prolonged asthenia and some physicians hypothesized increased susceptibility to infections based on anecdotal observations. Time series of influenza and dengue surveillance were confronted with bacterial sepsis admissions to test the hypotheses. Monthly surveillance data on influenza and dengue and aggregated sepsis data in Cayenne hospital were matched between 24/10/2007 and 27/09/2016. An ARIMA (1,0,1) model was used. Results : The series of the number of monthly cases of sepsis was positively associated with the monthly number of cases of influenza at time t (β=0.001, p=0.0359). Forecasts were imperfectly correlated with sepsis since influenza is not the only risk factor for sepsis. None of the ARIMA models showed a significant link between the dengue series and the sepsis series. There was thus no link between dengue epidemics and sepsis but it was estimated that for every 1000 cases of flu there was one additional case of sepsis. In this tropical setting, influenza was highly seasonal, and improved vaccination coverage could have benefits on sepsis.
3D is a feasible and more reproducible method than 2D echocardiography for in-training echocardiographers to follow-up patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Mihaila Sorina Baldea , Velcea Andreea E , Rimbas Roxana C , Andronic Anca , Matei Lavinia , Calin Simona I , Muraru Denisa , Badano Luigi , Vinereanu Dragos
Published: March 2020

Background: Left ventricular volumes (LVVs) and ejection fraction (LVEF) are key elements for the evaluation and follow-up of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Therefore, a feasible and reproducible imaging method to be used by both experienced and in-training echocardiographers is mandatory. Aims: To establish if, in a large echo lab, echocardiographers in-training provide feasible and more reproducible results for the evaluation of patients with HFrEF, when using three-dimensional (3DE) vs. two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). Methods: 60 patients with HFrEF (46 males, age 58±17) underwent standard transthoracic 2D acquisitions and 3D multi-beat full-volumes of the LV. One expert-user in echocardiography (Expert), and 3 echocardiographers with different levels of training in 2DE (Beginner, Medium, and Advanced) measured the 2D LVVs and LVEFs on the same consecutive images of patients with HFrEF. Afterward, the Expert performed a one-month training in 3DE analysis of the users, and both the Expert and trainees measured the 3D LVVs and LVEF of the same patients. Measurements provided by the Expert and all trainees in echo where compared.Results: 6 patients were excluded from the study due to a poor image quality. Mean end-diastolic LVV of the remaining 54 patients was 214±75 ml with 2DE, and 233±77 ml with 3DE. Mean LVEF was 35±10% with 2DE, and 33±10% with 3DE.When compared with the Expert user, the trainees showed acceptable reproducibility of the 2DE measurements, according to their level of expertise in 2DE (ICCs ranging from 0.75 to 0.94). However, after the short training in 3DE, they provided feasible and more reproducible measurements of the 3D LVVs and LVEF than with 2DE (ICCs ranging from 0.89 to 0.97).Conclusions: 3DE is a feasible, fast-learning, and more reproducible method for the assessment of LVVs and LVEF than 2DE, regardless of the basic level of expertise in 2DE of the trainees in echocardiography. In echo labs with a wide range of experience of the staff, 3DE might be a more accurate method for the follow-up of patients with HFrEF.
Identification of autophagy-associated MicroRNAs and their prognostic significance in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cao Zaizai , Ao Yinjie , Guo Yu , Zhou Shuihong
Published: March 2020

Background: Autophagy is a biological process that cells engulf their cytoplasmic proteins or organelles to achieve the needs of metabolic and renewal. microRNAs can affect the development of cancer by regulating cell autophagy. We aim to identify the autophagy-associated MicroRNAs in laryngeal cancer and further explore their roles in the development of cancer. Results: we finally identified 6 key autophagy-associated microRNAs (AAMRs, hsa-miR-100-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-3607-5p, hsa-miR-454-3p, hsa-miR-455-5p, hsa-miR-99a-5p) were significantly correlated with prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that all key AAMRs were significantly enriched in the mTOR signaling pathway. The Risk index of each sample was calculated according to the result of multivariate COX analysis. Patients with lower risk index have better survival results. The area under the ROC curve for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 0.7, 0.776 and 0.78 respectively.Conclusion: We identified 6 key AAMRs, which may act as new potential therapeutic targets. A new risk index model based on AAMRs can predict the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cancer.
Does Patella Position Influence Soft Tissue Balance and Clinical Outcome in Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Liu Kaiyuan , Yang Dong , Xu Tianyang , Jiang Wenwei , Fan Lin , Li Guodong
Published: March 2020

Purpose: We hypothesized that patellar positioning during minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA) would affect soft tissue balance and postoperative outcome.Methods: From December 2018 to February 2019, 55 patients receiving primary MIS-TKA were enrolled. The gap-balance technique was used, with patients randomly assigned to undergo osteotomy and balance of soft tissue with the patella reduced (group A; n = 27) or with the patella subluxated (group B; n = 28). The soft tissue balance achieved with the patella reduced and subluxated were compared. Femoral prosthesis rotation, mechanical femoral axis–to–tibial axis angle, Knee Society Score (KSS), pain score, and range of flexion were compared between the groups. Follow-up was for 6 months.Results: The flexion gap and the varus angle were significantly greater after patella reduction than before reduction, but the extension joint gap and varus angle were comparable before and after patella reduction. The femoral prosthesis tended to be internally rotated in group B. Range of flexion was better in the group A than in group B at 1 month after surgery, but the differences were not significant at 3 and 6 months. KSS and pain score were comparable between the groups after surgery.Conclusion: During MIS-TKA, as far as possible, soft tissue balance should be achieved with the patella reduced; otherwise, the femoral prosthesis may be installed more internally and, after patella reduction, the flexion gap and varus would increase.
Somatotypes trajectories during adulthood and its association with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) phenotypes
Authors: Divo Miguel J. , Oto Marta Marin , Casanova Ciro , Lopez Carlos Cabrera , de-Torres Juan P. , Marin Jose Maria , Hersh Craig , Casajus Ana Ezponda , Maguire Cherie A. , Pinto-Plata Victor , Polverino Francesca , Ross James , Demeo M.P.H. M.D. Dawn L. , Bastarrika Gorka , Silverman Edwin , Celli Barolome
Published: March 2020

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprises distinct phenotypes, all characterized by airflow limitation. Research Question We hypothesized that somatotype changes -as surrogate of adiposity- from early adulthood follow different trajectories to reach distinct phenotypes. Methods Using the validated Stunkard’s pictogram, 356 COPD patients chose the somatotype that best reflects their current body build and those at ages 18, 30, 40 and 50. An unbiased group-based trajectory modelling was used to determine somatotypes trajectories. We then compared the current COPD related clinical and phenotypic characteristics of subjects belonging to each trajectory. Results At age 18, 88% of the participants described having a lean or medium somatotype (estimated BMI between 19-23 kg·m −2 )while the other 12% a heavier somatotype (estimated BMI between 25-27 kg·m −2 ). From age 18 onwards, five distinct trajectories were observed. Four of them demonstrating a continuous increase in adiposity throughout adulthood with the exception of one, where the initial increase was followed by loss of adiposity after age 40. Patients with this trajectory were primarily females with low BMI and DLCO. A persistently lean trajectory was seen in 14% of the cohort. This group had lower FEV 1 , DLCO, more emphysema and worse BODE score thus resembling the Multiple Organ Loss of Tissue (MOLT) phenotype. Conclusions COPD patients have distinct somatotype trajectories throughout adulthood.Those with the MOLT phenotype maintain a lean trajectory throughout life. Smoking subjects with this lean phenotype in early adulthood deserve particular attention as they seem to develop more severe COPD.
Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis with respect to responsiveness to newly used biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ochi Sae , Mizoguchi Fumitaka , Nakano Kazuhisa , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: March 2020

Background Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (dt-RA) is an emerging concept, the definition of which has been proposed based on global consensus. This study aimed to establish an evidence-based definition of dt-RA with respect to responsiveness to newly used biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the FIRST registry. An inadequate response to current b/tsDMARDs was defined as clinical disease activity index (CDAI) >10 at week 22 or termination of treatment within 22 weeks due to insufficient efficacy. Cut-off values were defined according to the number of past failures to DMARDs and dose of glucocorticoid. Responsiveness to newly used b/tsDMARDs were compared with respect to above- versus below- cut-off values. Hazards of treatment cessation within 22 weeks due to adverse events were also compared using the same thresholds. Results The cut-off values associated with significant differences in responsiveness to b/tsDMARD treatment were ≥ 2 failures to conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) treatment and ≥ 4 failures to b/tsDMARD treatment. Three or more failures to csDMARDs and concomitant use of glucocorticoid were significantly correlated with an increased hazard ratio of infection. Further analysis using clinical variables revealed that refractoriness to ≥ 2 previous csDMARDs was weakly associated with less improvement in ESR titre, while refractoriness to ≥ 4 previous b/tsDMARDs was associated with less improvement in HAQ. For both cut-offs, significant but weak association with GH was also observed. Conclusions We propose cut-off values of ≥ 2 failures to csDMARDs and/or ≥ 4 b/tsDMARDs to define dt-RA with respect to responsiveness to use of b/tsDMARDs.
Isolation and full-genome sequencing of porcine sapelovirus strain in piglets from Hainan province, China
Authors: Zhu Hechao , Li Xinxin , Xiong Jingyi , Li Xiangmin , Chen Huanchun , Qian Ping
Published: March 2020

Background: Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a species of the genus Sapelovirus within the family Picornaviridae, which associated with facute diarrhoea, respiratory distress, reproductive failure, and severe neurological disorders in swine. The first isolate strian of PSV was reported in Hainan province, China in 2019. Results: We report the isolation, genomic sequence of PSV isolated from pig diarrhea samples. The PSV strain was correctly identified by RT-PCR, IFA, WB assays, which appeared spherical with a diameter of approximately 25 nm by TEM. We named the strain PSV HaN01-CH2019, and its full genomes were 7,551 bp nucleotides in length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PSV HaN01-CH2019 and Chinese HuN01 strain are related in comparing with other reference strains. Conclusions: We successfully isolated the first PSV strain in Hainan province and prepared polyclonal antibodies. It is evident that PSV infection has occurred in Hainan province, and therefore, active molecular and serological investigation is important to swine population. Moreover, veterinarians must pay attention to this diarrhoea and reinforce biosecurity measures to prevent PSV spread.
Plastic Mulches Improved Plant Growth and Suppressed Weeds in Late Summer-planted Floricane-fruiting Raspberry
Authors: Zhang Huan , Miles Carol , Ghimire Shuresh , Benedict Chris , Zasada Inga , Liu Hang , DeVetter Lisa
Published: March 2020

Planting floricane-fruiting red raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.) propagated through tissue culture (TC) is becoming increasingly popular in the Pacific Northwest. However, there is a challenge associated with their establishment compared with traditional planting materials (dormant roots and canes), especially regarding weed management due to their sensitivity to herbicides. In addition, there has been an increased interest in late summer planting compared with traditional spring planting because growers find improved establishment in late summer planting. Although polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) have demonstrated excellent weed control and increased plant growth and yield in spring-planted TC raspberry, their impacts in late summer plantings are still unknown. The overall objective of this study was to investigate whether PE mulch and BDMs have similar effects on weed management and raspberry growth and yield in late summer plantings as in spring plantings. One PE mulch, four BDMs (BASF 0.5, BASF 0.6, Novamont 0.5, and Novamont 0.6), and a bare ground (BG) control were evaluated in a commercial ‘WakeHaven’ raspberry field planted in Aug. 2017. Mulch performance [percent soil exposure (PSE)], mulch mechanical properties (elongation and breaking force), soil temperature and moisture, plant growth, fruit yield and quality, and weed suppression were measured from 2017 to 2019. Average PSE was 1.4% and 2.0% to 15.0% by Dec. 2017 in the PE and BDM treatments, respectively. PE mulch generally had greater elongation and breaking force than BDMs. All BDMs were removed by Mar. 2018 because of the damage caused by on-farm activities and strong winds. Although average primocane height was greater for plants grown with PE mulch compared with all the other treatments except BASF 0.5 in Sept. 2018, there was no difference in yield between PE and the BG treatments, potentially because of cold damage on the buds in PE plots. There were no weeds in any of the mulched treatments in Sept. and Oct. 2017 and in PE mulch in Sept. 2018. In contrast, the BG plots had 51, 51, and 266 weeds/m2, respectively, and required handweeding and herbicide applications. In addition, early season application of herbicides to suppress primocane emergence was not required in the PE plots. Overall, PE mulch could be a viable tool for growers planting raspberry in late summer. The suitability of BDMs with similar thicknesses and formulations as used in this experiment is uncertain for late summer plantings because of the damage caused by on-farm activities and strong winds.
STRONG ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE IN CHINA: A REVIEW
Authors: Islam M. S. , Xin X.
Published: March 2020

Over the last four decades, China has sustained extraordinary economic development despite Western assertions of under-constructed economic markets and the lack of an independent adjudicative process. The purpose of this paper is to set out the context of China’s judicial independence and high economic development scenario in the global economy. The paper aims to establish that vast economic expansion is possible without the conventional concept of an independent judiciary in which China provides an important example for the world. The study is mainly qualitative in nature and takes the analytical approach. The data and statistics have been collected from sources of the World Bank, IMF, WTO, UNCTAD, The World Factbook of the CIA, and the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics. The content analysis references the Chinese Constitution and judges law, reports of the Supreme People’s Court, books, journal articles, newspaper articles, media reports, and internet documents. The findings of the study are that China preserves “adjudicative independence” as a unique feature instead of embracing the Western concept of judicial independence that promotes the confidence of investors to make more investments. Additionally, the initiatives of “Made in China” and “One Belt, One Road” attach new wings to China’s emergence as the world’s crucial economic power. The article concludes that China’s experience provides a lesson for policymakers and economists of other developing or transitional countries struggling with weak legal and court systems, and emerging financial markets. The study strengthens the flourishing literature on the connection between judicial independence and economic development.
Exosome and Biomimetic Nanoparticle Therapies for Cardiac Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Stine Sydney J. , Popowski Kristen D. , Su Teng , Cheng Ke
Published: March 2020

Exosomes and biomimetic nanoparticles have great potential to develop into a wide-scale
therapeutic platform within the regenerative medicine industry. Exosomes, a subgroup of EVs with
diameter ranging from 30-100 nm, have recently gained attention as an innovative approach for the
treatment of various diseases, including heart disease. Their beneficial factors and regenerative properties
can be contrasted with various cell types. Various biomimetic nanoparticles have also emerged as a
unique platform in regenerative medicine. Biomimetic nanoparticles are a drug delivery platform,
which have the ability to contain both biological and fabricated components to improve therapeutic
efficiency and targeting. The novelty of these platforms holds promise for future clinical translation
upon further investigation. In order for both exosome therapeutics and biomimetic nanoparticles to
translate into large-scale clinical treatment, numerous factors must first be considered and improved.
Standardization of different protocols, from exosome isolation to storage conditions, must be optimized
to ensure batches are pure. Standardization is also important to ensure no variability in this process
across studies, thus making it easier to interpret data across different disease models and treatments.
Expansion of clinical trials incorporating both biomimetic nanoparticles and exosomes will require a
standardization of fabrication and isolation techniques, as well as stricter regulations to ensure reproducibility
across various studies and disease models. This review will summarize current research on
exosome therapeutics and the application of biomimetic nanoparticles in cardiac regenerative medicine,
as well as applications for exosome expansion and delivery on a large clinical scale.
Current Translational Insights into MGMT Methylation Regulating Temozolomide Sensitivity and Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Gulati Ishmeet , Patel Harsh , Prabhakar Bala , Nair Sujit
Published: March 2020

Background:

Temozolomide is used as frontline chemotherapy in the management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, its clinical utility is limited by the occurrence of significant resistance, majorly caused due to direct DNA repair. O6- methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair protein, mediates this direct repair pathway and reverses the activity of temozolomide.

Methods:

We characterize and underscore the functional relevance and molecular aspects of MGMT in the development of sensitivity/resistance to temozolomide treatment. We review early translational, as well as clinical, evidence for the role of MGMT in mediating temozolomide resistance in vitro in cell lines, in vivo in small animals as well as in GBM patients.

Results:

Various approaches have been delineated to mitigate MGMT-induced temozolomide resistance. The most promising means in discovery biology appears to be the co-administration of MGMT inhibitors such as O6 benzyl guanine or lomeguatrib. Surprisingly, the validation of these pharmacologic inhibitors to assess the reversal of chemoresistance by appropriately designed safety and efficacy trials in combination with temozolomide is yet to be demonstrated.

Conclusions:

Taken together, given the regulation of temozolomide resistance by MGMT, intermediate and late discovery groups may focus their efforts on pharmacologic inhibition of MGMT, singly or in combination with radiotherapy or immunotherapy, to combat temozolomide resistance in GBM patients. In addition, one may speculate that the combined clinical use of temozolomide with a drug regulator-approved MGMT inhibitor as well as an immune checkpoint inhibitor such as nivolumab may prove beneficial. Future studies may also investigate any inter-ethnic variability in population pharmacogenetics of MGMT and pharmacometric approaches to optimize cancer precision medicine.
Primair glaucoom bij de hond: een overzicht van de bestaande therapieën en het onderzoek naar toekomstige mogelijkheden
Authors: Frejlich M. , Capiau E. , Van Ham L.
Published: March 2020

Primair glaucoom is de voornaamste oorzaak van ongeneeslijke blindheid en wordt gedefinieerd als een progressieve optische neuropathie. Het is een bilaterale erfelijke aandoening, waarbij verschillende pathogene mechanismen betrokken zijn. Bepaalde rassen zijn meer gepredisponeerd en het geslacht speelt ook een belangrijke rol. Primair glaucoom wordt onderverdeeld in twee subcategorieën afhankelijk van het uitzicht van de irido-corneale hoek. Een belangrijke risicofactor is een verhoogde oogdruk. Daarom blijft een intraoculaire drukverlaging momenteel de gouden standaard. Het huidige management is gericht op het permanent onder controle houden van de aandoening, met als uiteindelijk doel comfort voor de patiënt, met idealiter een oog met visuele capaciteit. Medicinale therapie blijft hierbij de belangrijkste behandelingsmethode en kan op zichzelf ingezet worden, maar chirurgie is vaak nodig om de druk beter onder controle te houden door de productie van het kamerwater te verlagen en/of de uitstroom ervan te verhogen.