bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconfiguration of four-degree limited Laman graphs
Authors: Trinh Hoang Minh
Published: June 2024

This paper considers the problem of expanding and reducingLamangraphs, of which each vertex has at most four neighbors. To this end, several simple algorithms which can be repeatedly applied to construct or degenerate a given four-degree limitedLamangraph are proposed. The correctness of the proposed algorithms is asserted based onLaman’scriterion. The applicability and impacts of these algorithms are also discussed.
Estimating the burden of common mental disorders attributable to lifestyle factors: Protocol for the Global burden of disease Lifestyle And mental Disorder (GLAD) Project
Authors: Ashtree Deborah N , Orr Rebecca , Lane Melissa M , Akbaraly Tasnime , Bonaccio Marialaura , Costanzo Simona , Gialluisi Alessandro , Grosso Giuseppe , Lassale Camille , Martini Daniela , Monasta Lorenzo , Santomauro Damian F , Stanaway Jeffrey , Jacka Felice N , O’Neil Adrienne
Published: June 2024

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides critical evidence that guides local, regional, and global public health decisions. A key feature of the GBD is the collection and calculation of risk-outcome data for modifiable lifestyle exposures (e.g. dietary intake) and physical health outcomes (e.g. cancers). Despite evidence showing the contributions of these same lifestyle exposures to common mental disorders (CMDs), such as depression and anxiety, the GBD does not currently generate these lifestyle exposure-CMD outcome pairings. This gap is due to a lack of uniformly collected and analysed data about these exposures as they relate to CMDs. Such data are required to quantify whether, and to what degree, the global burden of CMDs could be reduced by targeting lifestyle factors at regional and global levels. We have established the Global burden of disease Lifestyle And mental Disorder (GLAD) Taskforce to address this gap. Our primary aim is to generate the necessary estimates to afford inclusion of lifestyle exposures as risk factors for CMDs in future GBD studies, initially focusing on the relationship between dietary intake and CMDs.Methods The GLAD Project is a multi-centre, collaborative effort to integrate lifestyle exposures as risk factors for CMDs in the GBD study. To achieve this aim, global epidemiological studies will be recruited to conduct harmonised data analyses estimating the risk, odds or hazards of lifestyle exposures with CMD outcomes. Initially, these models will focus on the relationship between dietary intake, as defined by the GBD and anxiety and depression. Results from individual member studies will then be meta-analysed and used to inform the GBD study.Discussion Our comprehensive, collaborative approach allows for concurrent execution of a harmonized statistical analysis protocol across multiple, internationally-renowned epidemiolgical cohorts. Consequently, given the worldwide influence of the GBD study, findings from the GLAD Project can offer valuable insights to policymakers around the globe around lifestyle-based mental health care.Registraton The GLAD Project and the following methods have been prospectively registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZBG6X)
Hand disinfection in inpatient geriatric care: Superiority study in a parallel group design of cold plasma aerosol versus alcohol-based disinfection methods
Authors: Tischendorf Tim , Schaal Tom , Schmelz Ulrich
Published: June 2024

Background
In the 19th century, basic hygiene measures were introduced in the healthcare sector, which reduced mortality rates. Modern advances such as alcohol-based sanitizers have improved hand hygiene, although it often becomes neglected in nursing facilities. Studies show low staff compliance rates, leading to high cross-infection rates. New approaches such as cold plasma hand disinfection could offer promising alternatives by minimizing skin damage and offering economic benefits. The current investigation aims to comparatively assess the disinfectant efficacy of the cold plasma aerosol under practical application conditions, in comparison with an alcoholic hand disinfectant listed in the Association for Applied Hygiene list.
Methods
The microbial density on the participants' hands was measured, and the spontaneous occurrence of fecal indicators and the presence of potentially infectious bacteria were also investigated. A t-test for independent samples was performed to test whether the two cohorts differed significantly from each other regarding the research question.
Results
Statistical analysis showed that the mean log colony forming unit values were significantly lower in the test cohort using only the cold plasma method for hand disinfection than in the cohort using only conventional alcohol-based hand disinfection. Furthermore, it could be shown that, in contrast to alcohol-based hand disinfection, cold plasma application ensures effective elimination of Staphylococcus aureus.
Discussion
The results show that staff using plasma disinfection have an average bacterial density that is 0.65 log units lower than the bacterial density on hands with regular use of alcohol-based hand disinfection. In addition to the effectiveness of cold plasma disinfection, superiority over alcohol-based hand disinfection was also demonstrated. In addition to economic and logistical benefits, cold plasma disinfection also offers added health benefits as, unlike alcohol-based hand disinfection, it does not cause any damage to the skin.
Integrating climate-resilient agricultural practices along national interprovincial road: Case study from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen-Anh Tuan , Nguyen-Thi-Lan Huong , Dang-Trung Tuyen , Nguyen-Thi-Thuy Linh , Pham-Thi Linh , Dao-Viet Anh , To-The Nguyen
Published: June 2024

This study attempted to explore farmers’ adaptation decisions and assess the determinants of these adaptation strategies by using the multivariate probit model. A survey of 350 Vietnamese agricultural households was carried out covering districts with and without national interprovincial road traversing in Northwest and North Central Coast region. Five adaptation practices (new technology application, cropping calendar adjustment, implementation of soil preservation, crops and livestock diversification, and households’ income management) were deemed as outcome variables, and fifteen variables were deployed as explanatory variables. The results indicate a significant difference in the application of agricultural adaptation methods related to the geographical location of provinces in connection with inter-provincial highways. Additionally, perceived risks about existence of climate change, accessibility of microcredit, and temperature, were found to be more influential compared to other factors. All five adaptation options were found to be complimentary to each other. Importantly, the intensity of the impact of dependent variables in different practices, and for the available adaptation options, were found to be unequal. This study, therefore, suggested that policies on adaptation strategies should be taken into consideration while credit for households should be supported and encouraged by the governments and relevant governmental agencies.
Active electron cooling of graphene
Authors: Paolucci Federico , Bianco Federica , Giazotto Francesco , Roddaro Stefano
Published: June 2024

In the emergent field of quantum technology, the ability to manage heat at the nanoscale and in cryogenic conditions is crucial for enhancing device performance in terms of noise, coherence, and sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate the active cooling and refrigeration of the electron gas in graphene, by taking advantage of nanoscale superconductive tunnel contacts able to pump or extract heat directly from the electrons in the device. Our structures achieved a top cooling of electrons in graphene of ∼15mK at a bath temperature of ∼450 mK, demonstrating the viability of the proposed device architecture. Our experimental findings are backed by a detailed thermal model that accurately replicated the observed behavior. Alternative cooling schemes and perspectives are discussed in light of the reported results. Finally, graphene electron cooling could find application in superconducting hybrid quantum technologies, such as radiation detectors, logic gates and qubits.
Aspergillus flavus as an Entomopathogen Infecting Diaphania indica and Control Efficacy Across Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Askar mofeed Abdelhamed Aboelhassan , Chen Chen , Borham Ali , Chen Xijun , Ling Huangui , SU Honghua
Published: June 2024

Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most important pests infesting many cucurbitaceous vegetables. During the rearing of insect eggs, we observed a fungal infection of these insect eggs. The fungus produces aflatoxins which are considered secondary polyketide metabolites, which cause the death of pests. Therefore, this work aimed to isolate and identify this fungus by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA, as well as evaluating the efficiency of this fungus in control. Aspergillus flavus, 'PP125556,' showcased robust pathogenicity against a range of D. indica pests. The results showed that colonies of 'PP125556' cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) exhibited distinctive morphological characteristics, transitioning from pristine white to verdant green. Bioassays demonstrated concentration-dependent mortality rates of D. indica larvae and adults when exposed to varying concentrations of 'PP125556' conidia, with the highest concentration (1x109 conidia/ml) inducing significant death with the highest mortality (53.06% for eggs, 70.57% for larvae, and 86.65% for adults). Furthermore, examination under a stereomicroscope revealed conspicuous external symptoms in infected larvae, including reduced mobility, darkened body pigmentation, and the emergence of white hyphae, indicative of mortality. Additionally, infected eggs exhibited inhibited hatching and the emergence of green hyphae, while infected adults displayed mortality and white hyphae colonization, underscoring the potent biocontrol efficacy of A. flavus 'PP125556' against D. indica across diverse developmental stages.
Selective engagement of prefrontal VIP neurons in reversal learning
Authors: Jung Min Whan , Yi Jee , Yoon Young Ju , Jeong Huijeong , Choe Seo
Published: June 2024

To gain insights into neural mechanisms enabling behavioral adaptations to complex and multidimensional environmental dynamics, we examined roles of VIP neurons in mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in probabilistic reversal learning. Behaviorally, manipulating VIP neuronal activity left probabilistic classical conditioning unaffected but severely impaired reversal learning. Physiologically, conditioned cue-associated VIP neuronal responses changed abruptly after encountering an unexpected reward. They also conveyed strong reward prediction error signals during behavioral reversal, but not before or after, unlike pyramidal neurons which consistently conveyed error signals throughout all phases. Furthermore, the signal’s persistence across trials correlated with reversal learning duration. These results suggest that mPFC VIP neurons play crucial roles in rapid reversal learning, but not in incremental cue-outcome association learning, by monitoring significant deviations from ongoing environmental contingency and imposing error-correction signals during behavioral adjustments. These findings shed light on the intricate cortical circuit dynamics underpinning behavioral flexibility in complex, multifaceted environments.
Pedicled Gracilis Flap for Scrotal Reconstruction Following Fournier’s Gangrene. Literature Review and Technical Notes.
Authors: ANDRESEN-LORCA BELÉN , SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA ALBERTO , HEREDIA-ALCALDE IVÁN , TRAPERO ANA , ALVEDRO-RUIZ PEDRO , PÉREZ-DEL-CAZ MARÍA DOLORES
Published: June 2024

Background: Scrotal reconstruction is needed in response to multiple conditions, such as Fournier’s Gangrene. In this scenario, thorough debridement is necessary in order to achieve definite healing, the next step being scrotal reconstruction, for which a search for optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes should be the norm. In the authors’ experience, the bilateral pedicled gracilis flap allows for the meeting of these standards.Objective: To revise the published literature on scrotal reconstruction using pedicled gracilis flaps after Fournier’s Gangrene, collecting data on defect size, reconstructive method and complication rates, followed by a detailed description of the technique, in which the authors share some technical notes and present a one-year follow-up case.Design, setting and participants: We conducted a systematic review on the published literature following PRISMA2020 recommendations, which yielded 9 studies. We analyse them for collection of previously defined variables and share the case of one patient, in order to compare our experience with the published literature.Results: Nine studies including 30 patients were analysed in our review. The mean age was 45.99 and mean defect size 12.25 cm x 11.5 cm. For 16 of these patients, a musculo-cutaneous flap was used, whereas in the other 14 muscle flaps were elevated and then grafted. There were no reports of flap failure or major complications in any of the studies.Conclusions: The pedicled gracilis flap is an excellent option for scrotal reconstruction following Fournier’s Gangrene. It provides optimal coverage and allows for a functional and aesthetic reconstruction.
Three-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adverse events in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small cell lymphocytic lymphoma treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors acalabrutinib or ibrutinib: a real-world analysis
Authors: Nunes Rafael Amorim Belo , Avezum Álvaro , Marques Mariana de Oliveira , Baiocchi Otavio Cesar Carvalho Guimarães , Bachour Philip
Published: June 2024

Background
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors play an important role in targeted treatment of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. However, adverse events may limit the proper course of treatment in many patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adverse events in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small cell lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) treated with the first-generation BTK inhibitor ibrutinib versus second-generation acalabrutinib, using real-world data from a collaborative multinational network.
Methods
We used data from the network (TriNetX), which encompasses more than 100 healthcare organizations worldwide. We queried the database for patients aged ≥ 18 years with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small-cell lymphomas treated with ibrutinib or acalabrutinib in the past 10 years before the analysis. We used propensity score matching to balance the cohorts. The 3-year cumulative incidences and hazard ratios for the following outcomes were calculated: atrial flutter or fibrillation, other arrhythmias, heart failure, ischemic stroke or peripheral embolism, acute coronary syndrome, bleeding, and sepsis.
Results
We compared 2,107 patients in each group. The 3-year incidences of atrial fibrillation or flutter in the acalabrutinib and ibrutinib groups were 7.11% and 14.78%, respectively, with a lower ratio in patients treated with acalabrutinib than in those treated with ibrutinib (hazard ratio, HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.84). New-onset hypertension occurred during 3-year follow-up in 16.29% of patients in the acalabrutinib group versus 27.8% in the ibrutinib group (HR 0,81, 95% CI 0.66–0.98). The incidence of sepsis was 6.49% in patients treated with acalabrutinib versus 11.37% of those treated with the ibrutinib group (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60–0.98). The two groups had no significant differences concerning the other adverse events.
Conclusions
In a large retrospective cohort using real-world data from electronic medical registers, patients with CLL or SLL treated with acalabrutinib had a better cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular safety profile than those treated with ibrutinib, with lower risks of atrial flutter or fibrillation, new-onset arterial hypertension, and sepsis.
Practice and Outcomes of Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department : a retrospective observational study at a single institution in Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Ugyen , Wangdi Sherab , Levine Shankar , Tenzin Karma , Choeda Tshering , Yeshi Sonam
Published: June 2024

Background: Airway management is a critical skill required in the Emergency Department (ED). We conducted an observational airway registry-based study to report the practice and outcome of endotracheal intubations in the ED at a national hospital in Thimphu.
Methods: All patients who were intubated in the ED and recorded on the registry data form between May 2020 to November 2022 were studied. Variables such as indications, type of physician performing intubations, success rate, complications, medications, and disposition were captured. Descriptive analysis was presented in frequency and proportions.
Results: There were a total of 336 intubations during the study period.
First pass success rate was 87.80% and complication rate was 19.64%. 40 patients (11.90%) needed a second attempt and only 1 patient required a third attempt. Most intubations were performed by emergency medicine (EM) residents (54.17%), followed by medical officers (37.8%). Emergency Physician (EP) performed the least number of intubations, 27 (8.04%). 64.5% (n=217) patients received positive pressure ventilations during preoxygenation and 119 (35.42%) did not.
Conclusion: Physicians working in the ED are the primary airway provider. First pass success rate was 87.80%. 40 patients (11.90%) needed a second attempt and only 1 patient required a third attempt.
The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement combined with tibial intramedullary nail as last resort treatment in 11 elderly patients with knee joint bone infection
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Lei , li Yang , chen Yong , Xie Zhao , Zhuang Quankui
Published: June 2024

Background The management of bone infections has always posed a challenge in the field of orthopedics, and geriatric knee joint bone infections are even more difficult. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of using antibiotic-loaded bone cementcombined with tibial intramedullary nail as a last resort treatment option for geriatric knee joint bone infection patients.
Methods The retrospective study was conducted on 11 elderly patients with knee joint bone infection. The cohort comprised 3 male and 8 female patients, with an average age of 74.27±3.47years. Of these patients, 4 patients experienced reinfection after knee revision replacement, while 7 patients had knee joint bone infection.After stage-1 infection control, all patients underwent a stage-2 treatment using antibiotic-loaded bone cement combined with tibial intramedullary nail as the ultimate treatment approach.
Results All patients’ infections were effectively controlled. The average length of bone defect after debridement was 12.09±1.22cm. The duration of the stage-2 operation averaged180.27±11.06minutes. Postoperatively, there was no significant discrepancy in the length of the patients’ lower limbs. All patients experienced a significant enhancement in knee joint function, as indicated by the decrease in WOMAC scores from 141.45±11.75preoperatively to 79.09±0.34postoperatively. Pain levels saw a profound reduction, plummeting from 26.27 ± 2.45 to a non-existent 0.00 ± 0.00. Additionally, there was a substantial improvement in performing daily activities, rising impressively from 59.09 ± 0.34 to 100.55 ± 8.37. However, an increase in joint stiffness was noted, worsening slightly from 15.45 ± 1.63 to 20.00 ± 0.00.One case of peri-implant fracture occurred.
Conclusion Antibiotic-loaded bone cement combined with tibial intramedullary nailing as last resort treatment can be considered as an alternative surgical option for elderly patients with knee joint bone infection who have experienced multiple failed operations and long-term knee stiffness.
Energy partitioning under different spectral-quality light conditions in soybean.
Authors: Martínez-Moré Mauro , Simondi Sebastián , Sainz María Martha , Bonnecarrère Victoria , Fernández Sebastían , Quero Gaston Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Light intensity and spectral quality determine photosynthesis and thus plant growth and development. Both parameters, collectively referred to as the light environment, influence the composition and structure of the photosystem II, defining energy partitioning. This partitioning is the destination of the absorbed energy to photochemical and dissipative processes and is measured by quantum yield parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photosynthetic performance of two soybean genotypes under four light environments with different spectral qualities (white light, red light-enriched white light, blue light, and red light) and the same energy flux. It was observed that plants growing only in red light had lower photosynthetic efficiency and higher photodamage after prolonged exposure. This phenomenon, called "red-light syndrome"; varied depending on the soybean genotype analyzed. Furthermore, it was found that spectral deficiency during leaf development has the main effect on photosystem functional capacity. Finally, a multivariate analysis of the energy partitioning parameters provided insight into the relevance of constitutive thermal dissipation processes in the plant acclimation to different light environments.
The Turkish Validation of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (Epic) in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Tilki Burak , Hurmuz Pervin , Yuce Deniz , Ozyigit Gokhan , Akyol Fadil
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) is a symptom scale that measures health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This scale is translated into different languages and used in daily practice. This study aimed to translate the EPIC scale into Turkish and provide Turkish validation by conducting validity and reliability analyses.
Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven PCa who received definitive or postoperative radiotherapy (RT) at our department were included. All participants were evaluated using the Turkish EPIC, The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ) C30, and EORTC-QLQ PR25 questionnaires at five different time intervals. First, the original English version of the EPIC was translated into Turkish, and then, two reliability and five validity analyses were performed.
Results: One hundred-five patients were included in the study. In the reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha values of the whole scale were measured at 0.866, and the main scales' Cronbach's alpha values were measured between 0.654 and 0.969. In the test-retest analysis, the correlation values of the main scales were measured between 0.413 and 0.861. The pilot study with 20 patients was completed, thus providing face validity. Sensitivity to change analysis, interscale correlation, criterion validity, and explanatory factor analyses were performed, and results proving the scale's validity were obtained in all analyses.
Conclusion: The Turkish EPIC scale is applicable for patients in the Turkish population diagnosed with PCa who received either definitive or postoperative RT.
Impact of Mitochondrial-Associated Proteins on Erectile Dysfunction: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Lv Bodong , Zhang Xin , Wang Jie , Fu Yijia , Ma Jianxiong
Published: June 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, establishing a causal relationship remains challenging. This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the potential causal associations between mitochondria-associated proteins and ED. Association data on mitochondria-associated proteins from the IEU OpenGWAS database were used for exposure, whereas ED association data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen databases served as the outcome. Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted separately, primarily employing the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and supplemented by the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger test, and leave-one-out analysis with MR-PRESSO. A meta-analysis of both databases was conducted to enhance the credibility of the results.Meta-analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between five mitochondria-related proteins and ED: 39S ribosomal protein L33 (RPL33; P = 0.013; odds ratio [OR] = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.99), mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB-1 (MULAN1; P = 0.039; OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00–1.16), nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif -8 (NUDT8; P = 0.035; OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84–0.99), pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase isozyme-1 (PDK1; P = 0.047; OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00–1.14), and serine-tRNA ligase (SerRS; P = 0.005; OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05–1.33). Sensitivity analyses revealed no abnormalities. RPL33 and NUDT8 exhibited potential protective effects against ED, whereas MULAN1, PDK1, and SerRS may increase the risk of developing ED. These findings offer new insights into the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ED pathogenesis and may guide the development of future therapeutic strategies.
Prognostic role of YBX1 and its correlation with immune infiltrates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Huang Huasheng , Fan Jun , Zheng Dong ining , Wang Rui , Zhou Xin , Li Bo , Peng Tao
Published: June 2024

The current immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been overall unsatisfactory. The Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) functions as an oncogene in several cancers, and is associated with the infiltration of specific immune cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of YBX1 in the prognosis and immune infiltration of HCC. YBX1 expression data of various cancers was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. YBX1 expression and its influence on tumor prognosis were analyzed by online database like Kaplan-Meier plotter. The correlation between YBX1 expression and immune infiltration was evaluated using the TIMER and TISIDB databases and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, the relationship between the expression of YBX1 and the response to immunotherapy was analyzed by using 12 conversion therapy specimens. YBX1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues, and also correlated with the clinicopathological parameters in HCC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a negative correlation between YBX1 expression level and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Additionally, we also observed a significant positive correlation between YBX1 expression and the infiltration of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes in HCC tissues. Patients with low YBX1 RNA expression had better objective response rate through mRECIST criteria after immunotherapy. These findings demonstrate that elevated YBX1 expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in HCC and correlates with the tumor infiltration of immune cells.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Septicyte Rapid to Discriminate Sepsis From Sterile Inflammation in Patients Meeting Sepsis Criteria According to Sepsis-3 Definition at ICU Admission
Authors: Bulnes María Luisa Cantón , Garmendia José Luís García , Estella Ángel , Galilea Adela Fernández , Blanco Isidro , Foncea Mª Antonia Estecha , Resina Marina Gordillo , Gómez Jorge Rodríguez , Capitán Juan Jesús Pineda , Fernández Carmen Martínez , Ortega Ana Escoresca , Villar Rosario Amaya , Ordóñez Juan Mora , Soto Sara González , Garnacho-Montero José
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the SeptiCyte® RAPID assay, a molecular test to distinguish sepsis from sterile inflammation, by determining its diagnostic accuracy in critically ill patients who meet criteria for sepsis according to Sepsis-3 definition on ICU admission.
Methods: This is an observational, prospective, and multicenter study carried out in seven hospitals in Andalusia (Spain). A 2.5 mL whole blood sample was collected and tested in a SeptiCyte RAPID kit on a real time PCR platform (IdyllaTM). A score from 0 to 15 (SeptiScore™) was generated that falls into four bands based on the increasing likelihood of infection-positive systemic inflammation.
Results: We enrolled 354 patients, of whom 86 (24.3%) did not present sepsis at the researchers´ discretion. SeptiCyte® RAPID showed an AUC of [0.84 (CI95% 0.79-0.87)] for differentiating sepsis from sterile systemic inflammation. SeptiCyte® RAPID was significantly better for sepsis diagnosis than CRP [0.75 (CI95% 0.70-0.80)] (p =0.003) but without significant differences with PCT [0.80 (CI95% 0.75-0.84)]. SeptiScore distribution in patients with sepsis was higher than patients with sterile inflammation, with a PPV of 68.8% and 92.2% (Bands 3 and 4) for sepsis diagnosis and a PPV of 100% for sterile inflammation (Band 1). Independent risk factors for sepsis were estimated probability of sepsis [OR 8.02 (CI 95% 4.50-14.28), p<0.001], SeptiScore [OR 1.64 (CI 95% 1.35-1.99), p<0.001], and log procalcitonin [OR 1.68 (CI 95% 1.09-2.59), p=0.020].
Conclusion: SeptiCyte® RAPID discriminates sepsis from sterile inflammation in critically ill adults, adding value to the diagnosis of sepsis.
Structures and Strategies for Retaining an International Pediatric Cohort from Birth: Lessons from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
Authors: Gesualdo Patricia , Melin Jessica , Karban Rachel , Crouch Claire , Killian Michael , Hopkins Diane , Adamsson Annika , Stock Joanna , Johnson Suzanne Bennett , Baxter Judith
Published: June 2024

Background: Retention of study participants in observational studies is essential to maintaining the representativeness of the population, minimizing selection bias, and assuring sufficient statistical power. The aim of this report is to describe the structures and strategies used to retain participants in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study, an observational study of children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed in an intense protocol with frequent clinic visits from birth until age 15.
Methods: A systematic review of methodologies used to retain research subjects identified four domains: barrier reduction strategies; community building strategies; follow-up/reminder strategies; and tracing strategies. Independent reviewers categorized the retention strategies implemented by the TEDDY Study into each of these domains. Strategies not fitting into any of these categories were placed into a fifth category unique to TEDDY.
Results: TEDDY identified over one hundred retention strategies used during the 15 years of follow-up; most could be categorized in these domains. Those unique to TEDDY included (1) study organization and structures to support retention; (2) efforts to meet the changing developmental needs of the TEDDY population, (3) implementation of efforts to address protocol challenges in real-time; and (4) employment of a re-engagement protocol for those who had dropped out of the study.
Conclusion: Pediatric cohort studies should include strategies, structures, and resources addressing retention at the study's initiation. It is recommended that child and parent engagement in addition to the developmental needs of the child be an integrated focus of all strategies. Putting mechanisms in place to address protocol and retention challenges in real time would facilitate effectively addressing challenges as they arise.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00279318
Comparison of Breast Parenchyma in Chest Radiotreated Survivors of Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Healthy Women with Brca Mutation Carriers: A Case Control Study
Authors: Laddaga Filomena Emanuela , Telegrafo Michele , Garzillo Carmela , Ciliberti Maria Paola , Turi Barbara , Sardaro Angela , Fiorentino Alba , Moschetta Marco , Gaudio Francesco
Published: June 2024

Increased background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) is an imaging biomarker of higher risk of BC. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the distribution of BPE patterns and the possible onset of BC in long-term HL survivors treated with chemotherapy and RT and to compare them with age-matched women with BRCA mutation carriers and without a history of cancer. 62 women, long-term survivors of HL for at least 15 years and 62 consecutive women of the same age with BRCA mutation carriers, underwent screening with dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging. BPE was comparable in the two groups: 31 cases (50%) of moderate and marked BPE in the long-surviving HL group and 30 (48%) in the BRCA carrier control group. In the long-surviving HL group, 3 (5%) malignant lesions were found, two of these (ductal carcinoma in situ-DCIS, n = 1; non-special type-NST, n = 1) had moderate BPE lesions in the contralateral breast and one (NST ) marked BPE. We found a BPE comparable to healthy women at high risk for BC with BRCA mutation carriers. Future research should be directed at examining the underlying cancer biology and genetic susceptibility of treatment-induced tumors.
Sotrovimab in Severe COVID-19 anti-S Seronegative Immunocompromised Patients: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Lobato-Cano Rubén , Romero-Palacios Alberto , Prinet Laurine , Martín-Peral M. Paula , Flor-Fuentes Antonia M. , Hidalgo-Tenorio Carmen , García-Ocaña Paula Patricia , Hidalgo-Castellón Antonio , Gerez-Neira Desiree Victoria , Corrales-Cuevas Manuel , López-Cárdenas Salvador
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Sotrovimab’s effectiveness remains uncertain in severely immunocompromised inpatients with COVID-19, particularly amidst the emergence of Omicron subvariants. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical progress and safety of severe COVID-19 at-risk inpatients treated with sotrovimab.
Methods: Retrospective multicentric cohort study (four teaching hospitals from Andalusian Health System) that included adult inpatients with inmunosupression with severe COVID-19 and negative anti-S serology who received sotrovimab from December 2021 to March 2023. Primary outcomes focused on respiratory progression (High-flow oxygen/Invasive and Non-invasive respiratory support and mortality at 28-day) while secondary variables encompassed hospital stay duration and readmission reasons.
Results: 79 patients were included, 58.2% were male, with a median age of 72 years (P25-P75 65-79). Significant immunosuppression factors included hematologic neoplasms in 51.9% of patients, solid organ transplants in 17.7%, and 13.9% with systemic autoimmune diseases. The median interval between symptom onset and sotrovimab infusion was 12 days (P25-P75 8-22), with a median hospital stay of 13 days (P25-P75 13-26). 36.7% of patients deceased, with 32.9% attributed directly to COVID-19. No adverse reactions to sotrovimab were reported. Univariate analysis linked age and severity at admission to COVID-19 clinical progression (p<0.05). Patients included in the study were distributed among dominant subvariants across five periods: BA.1 (15%), BA.2 (25%), BA.3 (31.3%), BQ.1 (16.3%), and XBB.1.5 (11.4%).
Conclusions The study underscores the need for further investigations to establish sotrovimab's efficacy in severe COVID-19 cases among immunocompromise. Early treatment initiation may be crucial considering potential limitations in its use for advanced clinical forms.
Exploring the Efficacy of Auricular Acupuncture in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Utilizing Freestyle Libre Pro Continuous Glucose Monitoring as the Primary Outcome Measure: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: P Syam Kumar C , T Venketeswaran S , Sankar Geethanjali , Hussain Jaheer , G Keerthika
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 2 diabetes, poses a significant global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates. Despite available treatments, achieving optimal glycemic control remains a challenge. Acupuncture, an ancient therapy, has shown promise in managing diabetes. However, its efficacy on specific auricular acupuncture points in Type 2 diabetes remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of auricular acupuncture targeting the pancreas point, endocrine point, and point zero in improving glycemic control in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, utilizing Freestyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitoring. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial design will be employed. Twenty participants aged 30–60 years with confirmed Type 2 diabetes will be recruited and randomized into two groups: a study group receiving auricular acupuncture and a control group receiving sham acupuncture. The primary outcome will be changes in mean glucose levels assessed via Freestyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitoring. Secondary outcomes include changes in insulin sensitivity measured by Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. Data analysis will be conducted using appropriate statistical tests to determine the efficacy of auricular acupuncture on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of evidence on the efficacy of acupuncture in managing Type 2 diabetes, particularly focusing on auricular acupuncture points. The findings may have implications for improving diabetes care and warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials.
A novel disulfidptosis-related lncRNA signature in colorectal cancer for predicting prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment features and drug sensitivity
Authors: Qi Yuewen , Zhang Wenzheng , Qi Haowen , Wang Lei , Li Bingqing
Published: June 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with high mortality rates worldwide. Disulfidptosis is an emerging mode of cancer cell death. In this study, disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs were identified by screening and incorporated into a prognostic model to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of colorectal cancer (CRC), providing a new and effective guide for clinical decision making. Transcriptome and clinical data of CRC patients and normal controls were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Pearson correlation, Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to identify disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs. A risk scoring model was constructed, and its predictive performance was comprehensively validated. An accurate nomogram was constructed for CRC prognosis prediction. Model reliability was verified via principal component, survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. GO analysis and GSEA were used to identify cellular pathways relevant to the model. Immune cell infiltration was studied via the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. The association of tumor mutational burden (TMB) with the model-derived risk scores was assessed using single-nucleotide variant data. Finally, tThe clinical value of the model was evaluated through the GDSC and CTRP databases, and effective drugs were predicted. A prognostic risk model containing 9 disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (ATP2A1-AS1, AC011815.1, AC013652.1, AC109992.2, AC069549.1, AC005034.5, SUCLG2-AS1, AP003555.1 and AL590101.1) was successfully constructed. There were significant difference in survival rates between the high-risk and low-risk groups (based on the median risk score) in the training and validation datasets. The risk score serves as an independent prognostic factor when combined with clinical variables. GSEA revealed that the high-risk group was enriched in the cellular processes of epidermis development, kidney differentiation and skin development. The prognostic model could stratify CRC patients into two distinct risk score groups. A high risk score independently predicted poor overall survival and was correlated with reduced immune cell infiltration, high TMB, and decreased tumor immune response activity. Immune checkpoint blockade might improve survival in high-risk CRC patients, whereas low-risk patients might be more responsive to targeted therapy and diverse kinase inhibitors. In summary, we established a disulfidptosis-related lncRNA model that holds promise as a reliable marker of CRC prognosis and immunotherapy response and can be also be used to predict the immune cell infiltration landscape and targeted therapy response.
Socio-ecological tradeoffs between household wealth and water stress in global mining areas
Authors: Davis Kyle , Akram Humayoun , Meydani Amirreza , Khan Bhoktear , Ali Saleem
Published: June 2024

Rising global demand for minerals to support continued economic development and the Green Transition is expanding areas of extraction across the planet. While mineral extraction often necessitates substantial transformation of the immediate landscape, whether these activities contribute to positive outcomes for the local communities and minimize natural resource competition of targeted areas has not been assessed globally, with previous investigations largely limited to case studies or missing an assessment of multiple dimensions of sustainability. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis of the associations between mining activities, rural household wealth, and water scarcity across for 19 major minerals (selected either due to their importance for the green energy transition or their overall volumes of extraction) and 27 countries in the Global South. Combining georeferenced information on 1373 large-scale mining locations and 63 household surveys (encompassing 1.32 million households) on wealth within a mixed effects modelling approach while controlling for a suite of economic, demographic, and environmental factors known to be associated with household wealth, we find that only 22% of countries (6 out of 27) show significant increases in household wealth associated with greater proximity to mines, suggesting that anticipated economic benefits to local communities may not be the norm. Further, depending on the focus mineral and considering much larger global dataset of mines about 8103, we find that between 45% and 50% of mine operations are located in water-scarce regions (i.e., water withdrawals more then 40% then total available blue water) and may be exacerbating water competition with local communities and other water users and needs. Finally, in directly comparing wealth and water scarcity, we identify win-win (e.g., Liberia, Gabon) and lose-lose (e.g., Armenia, Dominican Republic, India, Kyrgyzstan, Philippines, and South Africa) countries where mines tend to be associated with (un)realized household wealth benefits and (non)minimal water competition. Ensuring win-wins that both benefit the livelihoods of local communities and minimize environmental impact and natural resource competition is the crux of sustainable mining development, but our findings highlights that such socio-environmental co-benefits are often not achieved. As such, our study underscores the need for more inclusive policies that prioritize local benefits and environmental sustainability.
Adolescent morphine exposure induced long-term cognitive impairment and prefrontal neurostructural abnormality in adulthood in mice
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Lu Ye , Guo Yijie , Sun Lulu , Liu Tong , Dong Ziqing , Jia Min , Zhuo Lixia , Yin Fangyuan , Zhu Yongsheng , Ma Xiancang
Published: June 2024

Opioids abuse in adolescence is becoming a pressing public health issue. Although evidence indicates that adolescent opioid exposure contributes to persistent changes in brain development, its long-term consequences in adulthood are still unclear. Here, we established a mouse model of adolescent morphine exposure and used the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5‐CSRTT) combined with behavioral tests to evaluate changes in cognitive behaviors. We found that exposure to morphine during adolescence led to deficits in multidimensional cognitive functions in mice, including attention, information processing speed, and behavior inhibition. Notable, these impairments persisted into adulthood. Furthermore, the morphine-exposed mice exhibited decreased learning efficiency and spatial memory. Adolescent morphine exposure also induced significant and persistent morphological changes and synaptic abnormalities in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons, which may be responsible for cognitive impairments in adulthood. Together, our study identifies adolescence as a critical period during which opioid exposure acts profoundly on cognitive development and emphasizes that the disruption of neurons by opioids in adolescence may link mPFC-associated cognitive impairments in adulthood.
Acute and Significant Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Linked to an Inflammatory Polyp of Colon in a Young Adult: a case report
Authors: Hsu Yu-Hao , Li Yao-Feng , Cheng Yi-Chiao
Published: June 2024

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a serious medical condition that can be life-threatening and may present as acute or chronic bleeding. While diverticulitis is a common cause of LGIB in adults, other etiologies such as polyps are less common, especially in young patients. We present a rare case of acute LGIB in a 20-year-old man with no significant medical history who presented with massive bleeding. Emergency imaging revealed active bleeding from a polyp in the sigmoid colon. Subsequent colonoscopy confirmed the presence of a large pedunculated polyp, diagnosed as an inflammatory polyp, which was promptly removed. Unlike most reported cases, our patient had no underlying comorbidities or medication use associated with LGIB. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of LGIB from an inflammatory polyp in a young adult population. This case highlights the importance of considering polyps as a potential cause of LGIB, even in young patients without predisposing factors. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms underlying polyp-related bleeding and to enhance diagnostic and management strategies for this condition.