bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory changes, hand fingers edema and yellow nails in a 94-year old woman
Authors: Dos Santos Vitorino Modesto , Teixeira Christiane Aires , Araujo Monique Chiovatto Mlontes , Gondim Neto Manoel Da Costa , Motta Iara Machado , Ribeiro Melissa Gebrim
Published: October 2015

A 94-year old woman, with antecedent of chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, recurrent pneumonitis, arterial hypertension and chronic renal failure was admitted to control an episode of cardiac and respiratory insufficiency. Yellow nail changes and a tendency to pincer nails developed in her hand and toe fingers, preceded by longstanding course of respiratory diseases with pleural involvement. Laboratory tests detected moderate anemia and mildly elevated levels of urea and creatinine, thyroid function was normal. This case study is about yellow nail syndrome in absence of ankle lymphedema, and affecting a woman of the oldest-old age group with renal failure.
White-coat hypertension and masked hypertension: an update
Authors: Artom Nathan , Salvo Francesco , Camardella Francesca
Published: October 2015

White coat hypertension and masked hypertension are two conditions with a controversial role in the beginning and the progression of the cardiovascular disease. We focused our attention to the definition, the epidemiology, the pathophysiology and the clinical consequences of these two conditions, with an attention also to the management. This review was based on the papers found on PubMed and MEDLINE up to August 2015. The search terms used were white coat hypertension, masked hypertension in combination with epidemiology, management and pathophysiology.
Reformation jubilees: Is there cause for celebration in 2017? – What remains?
Authors: Klän Werner
Published: October 2015

This article is about the 500 hundred year commemoration of the Reformation in 2017. However, the question is to be asked: What should we celebrate in 2017? The article reflects on this question against the background of the ongoing division within Western Christianity. It discusses objectives laid out by Wolfgang Huber in 2008 for the Luther Decade. These objectives focus on the relationship between church and society, and particularly Lutheran-themes such as ‘hopelessnesses of life’, ‘afflictions of faith’, ‘God’s hiddenness’ and the ‘theology of the cross’. The article demonstrates that the soteriological focal point of Biblical-Lutheran theology reflects the assertion that it is only God who, through the belief in Christ, awards freedom and dignity to every human. The Church represents the ‘metaphor of a Christian fellowship’, which is a fellowship of equals that provides a socio-political impetus.
The age of reinvented empire(s) in Africa in the light of Persian hegemonic power: Reading the books of Deuteronomy and Ezra-Nehemiah in the context of Zimbabwe
Authors: Mtshiselwa Ndikho
Published: October 2015

It is generally accepted that historically Africa experienced colonialism. Thus, in the neocolonial age articulated by the likes of Sugirtharajah, Segovia and Nkrumah, most African countries are faced with the challenge of power struggle in which imperialism and dictatorship inhibits the development of the Two-Thirds world countries. This challenge, it is argued, reveals an imperialistic tendency of the European Union, China and African government(s) to alter democracy and freedom. As such, the Zimbabwe context, amongst others, will be used as a main point of reference. This article examines the elements of imperialism in African states in the light of Persian hegemonic power in the books of Deuteronomy and Ezra-Nehemiah. It investigates whether or not the Jews were free under the Persian hegemonic influence in the post-exilic period. The comparison of the influence of Persian hegemony in the books of Deuteronomy and Ezra-Nehemiah with the evidence of imperialism in African government(s), leads to the argument that certain African states do not appear to be completely democratic and free.Intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications: Based on aspects of Old Testament and political science studies, this article explores traces of imperialism in African governments in the light of Persian hegemonic power in the Hebrew Bible. In the end, the article argues that certain African states, for instance Zimbabwe, should not be considered as completely democratic and free nations.
Headache in the presentation of noncephalic acute illness
Authors: Tzadok Tomer , Toledano Ronen , Fuchs Lior , Bartal Carmi , Novack Victor , Ifergane Gal
Published: October 2015

Background: Headache is a frequent symptom of many systemic diseases that do not involve cranial structures. In this observational study, we assessed factors associated with headache in the acute presentation of systemic conditions in a nonsurgical emergency department (ED). Methods: Consecutive patients, admitted to Soroka University Medical Center ED due to noncephalic illness, were prospectively surveyed using a structured questionnaire focused on the prevalence and characteristics of headache symptoms. Medical data were extracted from the patient's charts. Results: Between 1 and 6/2012, 194 patients aged 64.69 ± 19.52 years, were evaluated. Headache was reported by 83 (42.7%) patients and was more common among patients with febrile illness (77.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). Respiratory illness and level of O2saturation were not associated with headache. Headache in the presentation of a noncephalic illness was associated with younger age (58 vs. 69, P < 0.001) and with suffering from a primary headache disorder (48.2% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001). Headache was also associated with higher body temperature and lower platelets count. Conclusions: Headache is a common symptom in acute noncephalic conditions and was found to be associated with younger age and febrile disease on presentation. Patients who present with primary headache disorders are more prone to have headache during acute illness. Acute obstructive respiratory disease, hypercarbia or hypoxemia were not associated with headache.
Frontal sinus asymmetry: Is it an effect of cranial asymmetry? X-ray analysis of 469 normal adult human frontal sinus
Authors: Kanat Ayhan , Yazar Ugur , Ozdemir Bulent , Coskun Zerrin O. , Erdivanli Ozlem
Published: October 2015

Background and Aims: There is no study in the literature that investigates an asymmetric morphological feature of the frontal sinus (FS). Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty-nine consecutive direct X-rays of FSs were analyzed for the asymmetry between the right and left sides. When an asymmetry in the height and contour of the FS existed, this difference was quantified. Results: Of the 469 patients, X-rays of 402 patients (85.7%), there was an asymmetry between right and left sides of the FS. Of these 235 (50.1%) were dominant on the left side, whereas 167 (35.6%) were dominant on the right, the sinuses of remaining 67 patients (14.3%) was symmetric. Statistical Analysis: The comparisons between parameters were performed using Wilkinson signed rank test. The relationship between handedness and sinus asymmetry was also examined by two proportions test. There is statistically significant difference between the dominance of left and right FS. Conclusions: Hemispheric dominance may have some effect (s) of on sinus asymmetry of the human cranium. Surgeons sometimes enter the cranium through the FS and knowledge of asymmetric FS is important to minimize surgical complications.
Modeling Combinations of Pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Vaccines
Authors: Walker Andrew S. , Lourenço José , Hill Adrian V. S. , Gupta Sunetra
Published: October 2015

Despite substantial progress in the control of Plasmodium falciparum infection due to the widespread deployment of insecticide-treated bed nets and artemisinin combination therapies, malaria remains a prolific killer, with over half a million deaths estimated to have occurred in 2013 alone. Recent evidence of the development of resistance to treatments in both parasites and their mosquito vectors has underscored the need for a vaccine. Here, we use a mathematical model of the within-host dynamics of P. falciparum infection, fit to data from controlled human malaria infection clinical trials, to predict the efficacy of co-administering the two most promising subunit vaccines, RTS,S/AS01 and ChAd63-MVA ME-TRAP. We conclude that currently available technologies could be combined to induce very high levels of sterile efficacy, even in immune-naive individuals.
Post-Mass Drug Administration Transmission Assessment Survey for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in La Ciénaga, Dominican Republic
Authors: Noland Gregory S. , Blount Stephen , Gonzalez Manuel
Published: October 2015

The Dominican Republic is one of four remaining countries in the Americas with lymphatic filariasis (LF). Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine was conducted in La Ciénaga, an impoverished urban barrio in Santo Domingo, from 2004 to 2006. Eight years after the last MDA, a transmission assessment survey (TAS) was conducted in November–December 2014 to determine if LF transmission remains absent. Of 815 first and second grade primary school students (mean age: 6.51 years; range 5–9) tested by immunochromatographic test (ICT), zero (0.0%) were positive. This is below the TAS critical cutoff of nine, indicating that the area “passed” TAS and that transmission remains interrupted in La Ciénaga. Importantly, this also provides evidence that three rounds of effective (> 65% coverage) MDA, likely aided by environmental improvements and periodic school-based albendazole monotherapy MDA, achieved interruption of LF transmission from a relatively low-transmission setting.
Valoración del estado nutricional y consumo alimentario de los pacientes en terapia renal sustitutiva mediante hemodiálisis
Authors: Pereira Feijoo Concepción , Queija Martínez Lidia , Blanco Pérez Andrés , Rivera Egusquiza Ignacio Antonio , Martínez Maestro Victoria Eugenia , Prada Monterrubio Zaira
Published: October 2015

Introducción: La malnutrición proteico-energética es un hecho frecuente entre los pacientes en tratamiento sustitutivo renal con hemodiálisis y a ello contribuye, además de la propia técnica dialítica, la dieta inadecuada.
Objetivos: Valorar la evolución del estado nutricional y la ingesta alimentaria de los pacientes de 3 unidades de hemodiálisis extrahospitalaria, tras una intervención enfermera educativa.
Pacientes y métodos: Hemos realizado un estudio transversal en 66 pacientes de 3 unidades extrahospitalarias (44 hombres y 23 mujeres) con dosis de diálisis medida por KT/V > 1,3 .Se hizo una determinación del estado nutricional por métodos convencionales y del consumo alimentario mediante encuesta dietética, determinándose mediante soporte informático el índice de alimentación saludable, identificando los déficits y/o excesos de nutrientes en cada paciente.
Se llevaron a cabo intervenciones educativas personalizadas dirigidas a corregir los excesos o déficits de nutrientes detectados en los pacientes, y se volvieron a hacer las mismas valoraciones a los seis meses.
Resultados: La prevalencia de desnutrición es leve en el 41% de hombres y 43% de las mujeres y moderada en el 34% de los hombres y 21% de las mujeres. El índice de alimentación saludable era inadecuado en el 37,31% de los pacientes en el análisis basal y postintervención educativa paso al 18,8%.
La ingesta media energética es elevada (1398.86 Kcal/paciente/día) con alto consumo de colesterol y déficit de aminoácidos. Se detectó un alto consumo de hidratos de carbono simples (> 20%) y un elevado uso de proteínas de origen animal. El contenido mineral y vitamínico de la dieta es muy deficiente, destacando el bajo consumo de Vitamina D (1.45±2.55 ng) y elevado de fósforo (1052.28±356.23 m/día).
Conclusion: Tras una intervención educativa sobre nuestros pacientes, corrigiendo hábitos dietéticos no saludables, hemos conseguido mejorar su estado nutricional, reduciendo la prevalencia de desnutrición en nuestras unidades.
Prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes de hemodiálisis
Authors: Gómez Villaseca Lidia , Pac Gracía Nuria , Manresa Traguany Mónica , Lozano Ramírez Sandra , Chevarria Montesinos Julio Leonel
Published: October 2015

Introducción: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis tienen síntomas y trastornos emocionales como ansiedad y depresión. Son pocos los estudios que valoren el diagnóstico mediante la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); nuestro objetivo es conocer la prevalencia de la ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis.
Metodología: Estudio transversal durante el primer trimestre del 2012. Realizado en el servicio de hemodiálisis del hospital de Palamós. Se incluyeron pacientes en programa crónico de hemodiálisis que llevaban como mínimo un mes. Se registró la edad, sexo, talla, peso, índice de masa corporal, índice de Charlson, tiempo en hemodiálisis y número de fármacos. Se utilizó la escala HADS (versión española de Caro-Ibáñez).
Resultados: Se analizaron 49 pacientes, 25% fueron mujeres, la edad media 67,2 años, I. Charlson 4,6 (DE:4,5), tiempo en HD 39,9 meses (DE:43,8), IMC 26,9 (DE:4,5), turno de mañana 52,9 % y tarde 50,9 %. La sintomatología depresiva representa 42,9% (IC95% 33,7%-60,6%) y la ansiosa 32,7 % (IC95% 21,2%-46,6%) según la escala HADS. La ansiedad presenta relación estadísticamente significativa con el índice de masas corporal inferior y sexo femenino, la depresión con una edad más elevada, índice de masa corporal inferior y el turno de la mañana.
Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Un índice de masa corporal bajo se relaciona con la ansiedad y depresión, la mayor edad con la depresión y la ansiedad es más frecuente en mujeres. Nuestro estudio sugiere que es necesario un mayor control, seguimiento y tratamiento de las alteraciones emocionales en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
Conocimiento teórico y apego al procedimiento de diálisis peritoneal del paciente o su familiar
Authors: García Meza Wendy Juana María , Carrillo Cervantes Ana Laura , Villarreal Reyna Mª de los  Ángeles , Delabra Salinas María Magdalena
Published: October 2015

Introducción: Paciente y familiar deben conocer los conceptos esenciales y poseer habilidades motoras para la realización de diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria, por esto, enfermería brinda educación al paciente y familiar sobre los cuidados de diálisis en el hogar, sin embargo, continúan acudiendo pacientes con alguna complicación al hospital.
Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento teórico y apego al procedimiento dialítico del paciente o familiar.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se efectuó una visita domiciliaria, en donde se aplicaron: una lista de cotejo para evaluar el apego al procedimiento, un cuestionario para evaluar los conocimientos teóricos y una cédula de variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. Participaron 24 sujetos, se dividieron en grupo pacientes (GP), donde los pacientes se auto-realizan el procedimiento y familiar (GF), donde los familiares realizan la técnica.
Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento teórico en general fue moderado (73.24%), el GP obtuvo un índice más elevado (75.35%) que el GF (71.45%). En la técnica, en general, se adhirieron al 80.3% de los pasos, el GF obtuvo mayor índice correcto (81.92%) que el GP (78.63%).
Conclusión: Los pacientes y familiares demuestran un déficit en ambas áreas, por esto, es necesario evaluarlos periódicamente para detectar fallos en la técnica y en el conocimiento, que predispongan al paciente a una complicación prevenible.
Asuntos de representación: Mondrian y la arquitectura moderna
Authors: Millán-Gómez Antonio , Díez María Teresa
Published: October 2015

La representación figurativa en la obra de Mondrian evolucionó hacia el lenguaje neoplástico desde una representación purificada de la realidad. Esta abstracción progresiva –de color y forma– en búsqueda de lo inmutable y la reducción de la corporeidad de los objetos a composiciones de planos y tensiones en los límites originó otro concepto de espacio, con implicaciones para la arquitectura moderna.
Croquis y diagramas en momentos iniciales del diseño arquitectónico
Authors: Solana Suarez Enrique , Gutiérrez Labory Elsa
Published: October 2015

Este artículo propone disponer en paralelo los bocetos iniciales en el diseño arquitectónico y la aplicación de lo diagramas en el mismo proceso, analizando igualmente las características en aquel momento originario. Tanto diagramas como croquis, forman parte del patrimonio estratégico y gráfico de la arquitectura. Los desarrollos de diseños paramétricos a partir de los diagramas, han generado un salto cualitativo del imaginario arquitectónico contemporáneo. Se pretenden contrastar entre si las cualidades de cada uno de estos elementos, para delimitar semejanzas y diferencias entre ambos que construyan un discurso suficientemente delimitado para conocer su dimensión y efecto sobre la Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica contemporánea, nunca ajena a los debates ideológicos que se producen al respecto, llenos siempre de consecuencia gráfica.
Días de Futuro Pasado: El Sueño arquitectónico de los cibernéticos
Authors: Jerez Martin Fernando , Pérez de Juan Belen
Published: October 2015

La tecnología ha transformado la percepción del espacio en que vivimos. Somos parte de una infinita red con acceso a territorios de inimaginables niveles de conectividad. Aunque Rem Koolhaas continue reivindicando una arquitectura de paredes, puertas y cerraduras en la última Bienal de Venecia, quizá los nuevos Elementos de Arquitectura sean en realidad, passwords, firewalls, key encryptions and security certificates. Nadie escapa a una tecnología invisible que define nuevos espacios virtuales, amplificando los límites de los edificios. Los expertos dicen que esto es sólo el comienzo. Pero, ¿y si en realidad estuviéramos al final de un largo proceso?¿ Y si la disolución de la arquitectura en la tecnología hubiera empezado hace mucho tiempo? Para desarrollar esta investigación, revisaremos ciertos planteamientos científicos donde la coincidencia de los protocolos cibernéticos de Norbet Wienner, las secuencias randomizadas de William Ross Ashby o el Systems Research Group de Gordon Pask con el arquitecto Cedric Price y el MIT Architecture Machine Group, generarán, una nueva metodología que derivará en un nuevo lenguaje gráfico, redefiniendo el proyecto de arquitectura.
Enric Miralles: desdibujando límites entre re-presentación y proyecto
Authors: Zaragoza de Pedro Isabel , Esquinas Dessy Jesús
Published: October 2015

Enric Miralles gana su primer concurso internacional con el nuevo centro en el puerto de Bremerhaven (1993). Buceando entre el material gráfico original de sus archivos 1, se presentan aquí por primera vez algunos de sus bocetos preparatorios. Es el proyecto que sintetiza la manera de hacer del arquitecto y el embrión de sus obras con el estudio EMBT 2. El artículo se detiene en un trabajo anterior, el estudio para la zona fluvial Osthafen (Frankfurt, 1992); relacionándolo con aquél. Miralles inventaría maneras de trabajar extremadamente experimentales que marcarían un punto de inflexión en su trayectoria. Tanto en la profundidad de los documentos, como en las técnicas empleadas para pensarlos –vinculados indisolublemente al proyecto–, se pueden percibir alegorías, metáforas, iconos, fragmentos... Se hace una lectura de su aspecto más narrativo.
El color en las piedras y en los mosaicos de Rávena: nuevas imágenes de los monumentos antiguos a través de la fotogrametría no convencional de última generación
Authors: Cipriani Luca , Fantini Filippo , Bertacchi Silvia
Published: October 2015

El propósito de este trabajo es destacar el papel de la precisión de la textura para una representación fiable de los materiales presentes en algunos relevantes monumentos de Rávena (Italia), pertenecientes a la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial y que datan de la Antigüedad Tardía. Una serie de estrategias se explicarán con el fin de aprovechar las ventajas de las soluciones automáticas de texturizado de modelos 3D creados con aplicaciones Structure from Motion (SfM). Estos edificios serán los casos de estudios para ilustrar una técnica innovadora para la eliminación de las sombras de la textura aparente del color y un método rápido para la simulación de decoración taraceadas de mosaico. Este último problema consiste en dividir una única textura en un conjunto de imágenes cuya finalidad es ofrecer a los motores de renderizado los shaders más adecuados para la representación en una forma ópticamente fiable de las teselas coloreadas de mosaico.
Análisis gráfico de cuatro espacios de Hernán Ruiz “el Viejo”
Authors: Gimena Córdoba Pilar
Published: October 2015

Hernán Ruiz “el Viejo” (activo profesionalmente desde 1500 al 1547) desarrolla una obra extensa y compleja, hasta ahora muy poco analizada, que nos muestra una evolución singular y notable en la transición del lenguaje gótico tardío allenguaje clasicista. En los proyectos seleccionados podemos observar cómo las decisiones estructurales y tipológicas son inherentes a la concepción del espacio: no sólo condicionan la forma sino que son parte esencial del juego creativo de la arquitectura. Lejos de reproducir un “modelo”, Hernán Ruiz “el Viejo” utiliza los referentes tipológicos como punto de partida para una exploración abierta hacia una plasmación final del espacio con una importante aportación creativa. Esta inquietud será una constante en su obra, abundante en soluciones híbridas, cuyo máximo exponente será el nuevo crucero de la Catedral de Córdoba. Los distintos análisis gráficos que este artículo presenta tratan de hacer explícitas estas ideas.
La estereoscopia en los libros de geometría descriptiva
Authors: Cabezos Bernal Pedro M. , Cisneros Vivó Juan J.
Published: October 2015

Este artículo sintetiza la investigación llevada a cabo a partir de la recopilación de los libros relacionados con la Geometría Descriptiva, que han utilizado la estereoscopia para ampliar el conocimiento de las formas geométricas representadas. Se han podido recopilar 19 obras, publicadas entre 1912 y 2007, que han sido analizadas y comparadas. Muchas de ellas han tenido que ser adquiridas a través de anticuarios internacionales, pues constituyen toda una rareza. Aquí se muestran las más antiguas e interesantes, destacando los aspectos más relevantes de cada una de ellas. Para mostrar convenientemente sus figuras estereoscópicas, ha sido necesario realizar un profundo trabajo de edición digital, con el fin de uniformizar las tintas, adaptándolas a un único sistema de visualización con gafas convencionales de filtros rojo/cian. Finalmente se muestran los resultados del análisis completo con todos los libros encontrados.
A method to retrieve super-thin cloud optical depth over ocean background with polarized sunlight
Authors: Sun W. , Baize R. R. , Videen G. , Hu Y. , Fu Q.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. In this work, an algorithm that uses the polarization angle of the backscattered solar radiation to detect clouds with optical depth (OD) < ~ 0.3 is further developed. We find that at viewing angles within ± ∼ 8° around the backscattering direction, the p-polarized intensity that is parallel to the meridian plane of reflected light from the surface is sensitive to, and nearly linearly related to, the optical depth of super-thin clouds. Moreover, our sensitivity study suggests that the p-polarized intensity at these viewing angles is not sensitive to the ocean surface conditions. Using this property of p-polarized intensity, super-thin clouds' optical depth can be retrieved.
Methodologies to characterize uncertainties in regional reanalyses
Authors: Borsche M. , Kaiser-Weiss A. K. , Undén P. , Kaspar F.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. When using climate data for various applications, users are confronted with the difficulty to assess the uncertainties of the data. For both in-situ and remote sensing data the issues of representativeness, homogeneity, and coverage have to be considered for the past, and their respective change over time has to be considered for any interpretation of trends. A synthesis of observations can be obtained by employing data assimilation with numerical weather prediction (NWP) models resulting in a meteorological reanalysis. Global reanalyses can be used as boundary conditions for regional reanalyses (RRAs), which run in a limited area (Europe in our case) with higher spatial and temporal resolution, and allow for assimilation of more regionally representative observations. With the spatially highly resolved RRAs, which exhibit smaller scale information, a more realistic representation of extreme events (e.g. of precipitation) compared to global reanalyses is aimed for. In this study, we discuss different methods for quantifying the uncertainty of the RRAs to answer the question to which extent the smaller scale information (or resulting statistics) provided by the RRAs can be relied on. Within the European Union's seventh Framework Programme (EU FP7) project Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional Re-Analyses (UERRA) ensembles of RRAs (both multi-model and single model ensembles) are produced and their uncertainties are quantified. Here we explore the following methods for characterizing the uncertainties of the RRAs: (A) analyzing the feedback statistics of the assimilation systems, (B) validation against station measurements and (C) grids derived thereof, and (D) against gridded satellite data products. The RRA ensembles (E) provide the opportunity to derive ensemble scores like ensemble spread and other special probabilistic skill scores. Finally, user applications (F) are considered. The various methods are related to user questions they can help to answer.
Generation of a global fuel dataset using the Fuel Characteristic Classification System
Authors: Pettinari M. L. , Chuvieco E.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. This study presents the methods for the generation of the first global fuel dataset, containing all the parameters required to be input in the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS). The dataset was developed from different spatial variables, both based on satellite Earth observation products and fuel databases, and is comprised by a global fuelbed map and a database that includes the parameters of each fuelbed that affect fire behavior and effects. A total of 274 fuelbeds were created and parameterized, and can be input into FCCS to obtain fire potentials, surface fire behavior and carbon biomass for each fuelbed. To assess the results, FCCS was used to calculate the carbon biomass of each fuelbed, and the results were compared to the values obtained for four other regional or global biomass products. The results showed reasonable agreement both in terms of geographical distribution and biomass loads when compared to other biomass data, with the best results found for Tropical and Boreal forests (Spearman's coefficient of 0.79 and 0.77). This global fuel dataset could be used for a varied range of applications, including fire danger assessment, fire behavior estimations, fuel consumption calculations and emissions inventories.
The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (GeoMIP6): simulation design and preliminary results
Authors: Kravitz B. , Robock A. , Tilmes S. , Boucher O. , English J. M. , Irvine P. J. , Jones A. , Lawrence M. G. , MacCracken M. , Muri H. , Moore J. C. , Niemeier U. , Phipps S. J. , Sillmann J. , Storelvmo T. , Wang H. , Watanabe S.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We present a suite of new climate model experiment designs for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). This set of experiments, named GeoMIP6 (to be consistent with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6), builds on the previous GeoMIP project simulations, and has been expanded to address several further important topics, including key uncertainties in extreme events, the use of geoengineering as part of a portfolio of responses to climate change, and the relatively new idea of cirrus cloud thinning to allow more longwave radiation to escape to space. We discuss experiment designs, as well as the rationale for those designs, showing preliminary results from individual models when available. We also introduce a new feature, called the GeoMIP Testbed, which provides a platform for simulations that will be performed with a few models and subsequently assessed to determine whether the proposed experiment designs will be adopted as core (Tier 1) GeoMIP experiments. This is meant to encourage various stakeholders to propose new targeted experiments that address their key open science questions, with the goal of making GeoMIP more relevant to a broader set of communities.
Comparing CFSR and conventional weather data for discharge and sediment loss modelling with SWAT in small catchments in the Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Roth V. , Lemann T.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Accurate rainfall data are the key input parameter for modelling river discharge and sediment loss. Remote areas of Ethiopia often lack adequate precipitation data and where it is available, there might be substantial temporal or spatial gaps. To counter this challenge, the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) readily provides weather data for any geographic location on earth between 1979 and 2014. This study assesses the applicability of CFSR weather data to three watersheds in the Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia. To this end, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was set up to simulate discharge and sediment loss, using CFSR and conventional weather data, in three small-scale watersheds ranging from 102 to 477 ha. Calibrated simulation results were compared to observed river discharge and observed sediment loss over a period of 32 years. The conventional weather data resulted in very good discharge outputs for all three watersheds, while the CFSR weather data resulted in unsatisfactory discharge outputs for all of the three gauging stations. Sediment loss simulation with conventional weather inputs yielded satisfactory outputs for two of three watersheds, while the CFSR weather input resulted in three unsatisfactory results. Overall, the simulations with the conventional data resulted in far better results for discharge and sediment loss than simulations with CFSR data. The simulations with CFSR data were unable to adequately represent the specific regional climate for the three watersheds, performing even worse in climatic areas with two rainy seasons. Hence, CFSR data should not be used lightly in remote areas with no conventional weather data where no prior analysis is possible.
Present Situation and Problems of Technology Education in Japan: With Focusing on Technology Education as General Education
Authors: Fujikawa Satoshi , Maesako Takanori
Published: October 2015

This paper summarized the present situation and problems of technology education in Japan, particularly focused on technology education in general education. It was shown that technology education was carried out for a variety of purposes depending on grade and age. On the other hand, it was shown that technology education as general education is limited to the "Technology" of junior high school "Technology & Home Economics". The study of "Technology" in junior high school covered the basic elements of engineering. In addition, "Technology" was placed on the roles of character formation as well as academic achievement. This paper also discussed the problems related to technology education in general education in Japan in light of international comparisons and the present situation. It was shown that the amount of time dedicated to technology education in Japan was extremely small by international standards.
Students’ Conceptions of Statistics: An Exploration of Attitudes across Majors
Authors: Sulieman Hana
Published: October 2015

Students from different majors taking statistics course view their statistics learning experience differently. In this work, a survey of 440 undergraduate students from various majors who took an introductory statistics course at the American University of Sharjah (AUS) in Fall 2012 or earlier semesters was conducted. Analysis of the survey data showed that 66% of the students have positive attitude toward statistics. Engineering majors who indicated the most negative attitude toward statistics associated their negativity to difficulty of the topic and the teaching method. Social sciences majors reported ‘general dislike of mathematics’ as the most significant contributing factor to their negative attitude toward statistics. Students with architecture and design majors were the most to associate their negative attitude toward statistics to its nonuse in their future career. On contrary, natural sciences’ students were most likely to believe that statistics is an interesting topic and would be used in future career. Female students were also more likely than male students to find statistics related to their field of study and future career. Some implications of the findings for future teaching of statistics were discussed.
"I See You" Beyond the Surface: Art Making Across China-U.S. Borders
Authors: Kan Koon Hwee , McWhorter Jack
Published: October 2015

Incorporating photocollage as documentation, this article features the "I See You" project and showcases college students’ artwork prior to and after a travel-study program to China. The project was specially designed for students from both cultures to dialogue and co-construct meanings through Web-based interactive technology while applying variations of Google Maps and Google Earth to enhance art making across national borders. Three dynamic themes with metaphorical meaning connected the students’ efforts and their engagement with their counterparts: Venture Into Interchanging Perspectives, Reciprocity of Candid Sensibility, and Revelation Through Layering Enterprise. Pitfalls and challenges encountered while managing such global initiatives are presented with some practical solutions in the discussion.
Goal Setting and Treatment Adherence Among Patients With Chronic Illness and Depressive Symptoms: Applying a Patient-Centered Approach
Authors: Houston Eric , Tatum Alexander K. , Guy Arryn , Mikrut Cassandra , Yoder Wren
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE: Poor treatment adherence is a major problem among individuals with chronic illness. Research indicates that adherence is worsened when accompanied by depressive symptoms. In this preliminary study, we aimed to describe how a patient-centered approach could be employed to aid patients with depressive symptoms in following their treatment regimens.

METHODS: The sample consisted of 14 patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV who reported clinically-significant depressive symptoms. Participant ratings of 23 treatment-related statements were examined using two assessment and analytic techniques. Interviews were conducted with participants to determine their views of information based on the technique.

RESULTS: Results indicate that while participants with optimal adherence focused on views of treatment associated with side effects to a greater extent than participants with poor adherence, they tended to relate these side effects to sources of intrinsic motivation.

CONCLUSION: The study provides examples of how practitioners could employ the assessment techniques outlined to better understand how patients think about treatment and aid them in effectively framing their health-related goals.
Evaluation and Selection Model of Strategic Emerging Industries in Guangdong Province of China Based on AHP-TOPSIS
Authors: Chen Jun-ru , He Nie , Li Kai-long
Published: October 2015

Considering the regional characteristics of strategic emerging industries, we proposed a strategic emerging industry selection model based on AHP-TOPSIS and used the model to do a comprehensive evaluation in order to achieve a development selection of strategic emerging industries of a certain region. We build the industrial competitiveness evaluation indicator system based on technological innovation perspective, and then we use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to make indicators empowerment. Finally, we use TOPSIS method to evaluate strategic emerging industries in Guangdong Province of China. Instance analysis shows that the basic conclusions are identical with the actual status quo in Guangdong, and it verifies the validity and rationality of the model.
Conflict Management Styles in the Workplace: A Study of First Generation Arab Muslim Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Al Wekhian Jamil
Published: October 2015

Multiple studies have shown that culture, religiosity, and gender influence people’s behavior in managing their conflict; however, there has been little investigation of the impact of the acculturation process on these variables utilized by first generation Arab Muslim immigrants in the United States. My study follows a sequential explanatory model with a mixed methods approach, and specifically explores the conflict management styles utilized by first generation Arab Muslim immigrants in the U.S. and how their culture, gender, and religiosity contribute to these processes. Data was collected by conducting 145 online surveys and 12 face-to-face semi-structured interviews, with the sample population stemming from the Arab Muslim communities in Columbia, Kansas City, and St. Louis, Missouri. Binary logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used to analyze this quantitative data through SPSS while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The resulting analysis showed that first-generation immigrants tended to be more collectivistic, have a higher level of religiosity, and utilize a wider variety of conflict management styles including obliging, compromising, integrating, and avoiding. In addition, gender had a significant relationship only with the avoiding conflict management style, while level of religiosity had a significant relationship with the obliging, compromising, integrating, and dominating conflict management styles. Finally, culture had a significant predictive relationship with integrating and avoiding conflict management styles.
Employee Motivation in Non-Profit: Evidence from a Community Based Voluntary Organization
Authors: Mohiuddin Md. , Dulay Ms. Gurjit
Published: October 2015

This paper explores employee motivation in one of the UK based voluntary organizations. It used a mixture of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected in the form of questionnaires. By using Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theory we found that, in the absence of sufficient financial rewards, non-financial rewards such as: extra days off for employees; implementation of employee of the month; and simple verbal recognition in an attempt to recognise employee’s efforts were key motivating factors for the employees. Recommendations to management were made in terms of offering flexible hours and quality supervision in order to motivate unpaid volunteers. 
Prime Numbers: A Particle in a Box and the Complex Wave Model
Authors: Sousa Raul Alberto Ribeiro Correia de
Published: October 2015

Euler{'}s formula establishes the relationship between the trigonometric function and the exponential function. In doing so unifies two waves, a real and an imaginary one, that propagate through the Complex number set, establishing relation between integer numbers. A complex wave, if anchored by zero and by a defined integer number \textit{N}, only can assume certain oscillation modes. The first mode of oscillation corresponds always to a \textit{N} prime number and the other modes to its multiples.

\begin{center}
\(\psi (x)=x e^{i\left(\frac{n \pi }{N}x\right)}\)
\end{center}

Under the above described conditions, these waves and their admissible oscillation modes allows for primality testing of integer numbers, the deduction of a new formula $\pi(x)$ for counting prime numbers and the identification of patterns in the prime numbers distribution with computing time gains in the calculations. In this article, four theorems and one rule of factorizing are put forward with consequences for prime number signaling, counting and distribution. Furthermore, it is establish the relationship between this complex wave with a time independent semi-classical harmonic oscillator, in which the spectrum of the allowed energy levels are always only prime numbers. Thus, it is affirmative the reply to the question if the prime numbers distribution is related to the energy levels of a physical system.
Imidazole-Modified Nanoporous Silica for Lead Ion Solid Phase Extraction Prior to Determination from Industrial Wastewaters by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Behbahani Ali , Ardjmand Mehdi
Published: October 2015

A new method was applied to produce modified nanoporous silica as a novel sorbent for Pb(II) ion SPE from industrial wastewater samples. In this modified method, the produced nanoporous silica has a higher functional group loading, which leads to a higher preconcentration factor as well as a lower LOD. This modified nanoporous silica was used for preconcentration prior to subsequent determination of Pb(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Various parameters such as the eluent, pH of the sample solution, and flow rate were optimized during this work. Also, the effect of a variety of ions on preconcentration and recovery of Pb(II) ions was investigated. The LOD, defined as five times the SD of the blank, was determined to be lower than 0.1 mg/L with an RSD of <2%. The accuracy of the method was established by analyzing standard reference materials with certified Pb concentrations. Finally, the established method was successfully applied for determination of the Pb(II) ion concentration in industrial wastewater samples.
Development, Optimization, and Validation of a Microplate Bioassay for Relative Potency Determination of Linezolid Using a Design Space Concept, and its Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: Saviano Alessandro Morais , Francisco Fabiane Lacerda , Ostronoff Celina Silva , Lourenço Felipe Rebello
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a microplate bioassay for relative potency determination of linezolid in pharmaceutical samples using quality-by-design and design space approaches. In addition, a procedure is described for estimating relative potency uncertainty based on microbiological response variability. The influence of culture media composition was studied using a factorial design and a central composite design was adopted to study the influence of inoculum proportion and triphenyltetrazolium chloride in microbial growth. The microplate bioassay was optimized regarding the responses of low, medium, and high doses of linezolid, negative and positive controls, and the slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient of dose-response curves. According to optimization results, design space ranges were established using: (a) low (1.0 μg/mL), medium (2.0 μg/mL), and high (4.0 μg/mL) doses of pharmaceutical samples and linezolid chemical reference substance; (b) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 653 in an inoculum proportion of 10%; (c) antibiotic No. 3 culture medium pH 7.0 ± 0.1; (d) 6 h incubation at 37.0 ± 0.1ºC; and (e) addition of 50 μL of 0.5% (w/v) triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution. The microplate bioassay was linear (r2 = 0.992), specific, precise (repeatability RSD = 2.3% and intermediate precision RSD = 4.3%), accurate (mean recovery = 101.4%), and robust. The overall measurement uncertainty was reasonable considering the increased variability inherent in microbiological response. Final uncertainty was comparable with those obtained with other microbiological assays, as well as chemical methods.
Determination of Vitamin K1 in Infant, Pediatric, and Adult Nutritionals by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.09
Authors: Bidlack Mary , Butler Thompson Linda D , Jacobs Wesley A , Schimpf Karen J
Published: October 2015

This normal-phase HPLC method with postcolumn reduction and fluorescence detection allows for the quantitative determination of trans vitamin K1 in infant, pediatric, and adult nutritionals. Vitamin K1 is extracted from products with iso-octane after precipitation of proteins and release of lipids with methanol. Prepared samples are injected onto a silica HPLC column where cis and trans vitamin K1 are separated with an iso-octane–isopropanol mobile phase. The column eluent is mixed with a dilute ethanolic solution of zinc chloride, sodium acetate, and acetic acid, and vitamin K1 is reduced to a fluorescent derivative in a zinc reactor column. The resulting hydroquinone is then detected by fluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 245 nm and an emission wavelength of 440 nm. During a single-laboratory validation of this method, repeatability and intermediate precision ranged from 0.6 to 3.5% RSD and 1.1 to 6.0% RSD, respectively. Mean overspike recoveries ranged from 91.9 to 106%. The method demonstrated good linearity over a standard range of approximately 2–90 μg/L trans vitamin K1 with r2 averaging 0.99995 and average calibration errors of <1%. LOQ and LOD in ready-to-feed nutritionals were estimated to be 0.03 and 0.09 μg/100 g, respectively. The method met AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals Standard Method Performance Requirements® and was approved as a first action method at the 2015 AOAC Mid-Year Meeting.
Determination of Total Iodine in Infant Formula and Adult/ Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Collaborative Study, Final Action 2012.15
Authors: Zywicki Richard S , Sullivan Darryl M ,   Collaborators:, Bao L , Bolong W , Boyd M , Chen S Y , Collison M W , Deng X , Fulford G , Lee K , Messerly J , Nilsson P K B , Song A , Stanley K , Stephenson C D , Svaneborg A K , Tian F , Weihong C , Xu Q , Xu Y , Yadlapalli S , Yang P , Yu R
Published: October 2015

A collaborative study was conducted to determine total iodine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula by inductively coupled plasma-MS (ICP-MS) using AOAC First Action Official MethodSM 2012.15. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the method's intralaboratory and interlaboratory performance and submit the results to AOAC INTERNATIONAL for adoption as a Final Action Official Method for the determination of total iodine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. Upon providing acceptable results for practice samples National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a and a low-fat adult nutritional powder, 13 laboratories analyzed seven various infant and adult nutritional products including a blind duplicate of each. Products were chosen with varying levels of iodine and included low-fat, soy-based, and milk-based formulas and NIST SRM 1849a. Random identification numbers were assigned to each of the seven fortified test materials. Digestion of the test samples occurred using a potassium hydroxide solution in an oven or open-vessel microwave system. Iodine was stabilized with ammonium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate after digestion. The solutions were brought to volume followed by filtration. The filtrates were then analyzed by ICP-MS after dilution. Results for all seven test samples met all the AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR® 2012.008) guidelines. The RSDr ranged from 0.77 to 4.78% and the RSDR from 5.42 to 11.5%. The Horwitz ratio (HorRat) for each result was excellent, ranging from 0.35 to 1.31%. The results demonstrate that the method is fit-for-purpose to determine iodine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula.