bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT and its impact on higher education
Authors:   Banking Academy of Vietnam, Giang Thị Thu Huyền
Published: April 2023

ChatGPT, a popular artificial intelligence tool released in 2022 by OpenAI, has sparked controversy among the higher education community. Using the method of synthesizing and analyzing data from previous research papers, this paper aims to provide an overview of ChatGPT, including the background of ChatGPT, its capabilities, benefits, and potential challenges and limitations. The article presents the positive impact of ChatGPT on learners, teachers and training institutions, and the article also shows the negative side of ChatGPT that there are risks related to cheating in learning, affecting the development process of learners’ thinking, reduce direct interaction between teachers and learners. The article offers a set of recommendations for effective use of ChatGPT for educational purposes.
Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi ile İmalat Sanayi Üretimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Eşbütünleşme Analizi
Authors: YETER Fatih
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmada üretim sürecinin önemli bir girdi kalemi olan elektrik tüketimi ile iktisadi kalkınmanın lokomotif gücü olan imalat sanayi üretimi arasındaki ilişki Türkiye ekonomisi için incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 2016:01-2020:02 dönemine ait aylık veriler kullanılarak uzun dönemli ilişki Engle ve Granger (1987), Phillips ve Oualiaris (1990), Hansen (1992) ve Shin (1994) eşbütünleşme testleri ile araştırılmıştır. Söz konusu dört farklı eşbütünleşme testi sonuçları birbirlerini doğrular nitelikte, uzun dönem ilişkinin olduğunu ancak kısa dönemde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığını göstermektedir. Buna göre, elektrik tüketiminin sanayi üretimi üzerindeki etkisinin sanayi üretiminin elektrik tüketimi üzerindeki etkisinden daha güçlü olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle politika yapıcıların enerji tüketimi ile iktisadi aktivite arasındaki uzun dönem dinamikleri dikkate alarak temel ilkeler arasında enerji arz çeşitliliğinin ve sürdürülebilir ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının artırmasının olduğu uzun dönemli enerji politikaları geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir.
The State and the Management of Herder–Farmer conflicts in the North-West Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria, 2010–2020
Authors:   Department of Political Science Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria., Nnamani Felix Vincent
Published: April 2023

This study examined the roles of the state in the management of farmers-herder conflicts in the North-West geopolitical zone, between 2010 and 2020. The specific focus of the study, however, was on the nexus between government’s strategies of conflict resolution and the incidence of herders – farmers’ conflicts in the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria Anchored on the basic propositions adapted from the Marxist theory of the neo-colonial state and relevant qualitative data generated through documentary and survey methods and analysed using content and textual analysis, the study found that the unwillingness of the Federal Government to implement basic strategies of conflict resolution account for the inability to mitigate the rising incidence of herders-farmers conflicts in the North-West geopolitical zone of, with enormous humanitarian implications. The study thus underscored the need for effective implement of Comprehensive Livestock Development Plan to holistically mediate agrarian contestations, particularly between farmers and herders. Keywords: Natural resources, Nigerian state, open ranching, conflict resolution, farmer herder conflict
Barriers of Nurses’ about ‘Z-Track Method’ Which is Used in Intramuskuler Injections Applications
Authors: YÜKSEL BAŞ Derya , KEÇECİ Ayla
Published: April 2023

Aim: This research was to determine the opinions of nurses regarding the Z-track method of intramuscular injection and the factors preventing its use. This is a qualitative research using a phenomenological approach.

Method: The sample consisted of 38 nurses who worked for a minimum of one year in a university hospital. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth individual face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis and coded using the NVIVO 11 software.

Findings: As a result of the content analysis, seven themes and nine subthemes emerged: (a) opinions about personal experiences: method of application, positive personal experiences, and negative personal experiences; (b) factors affecting usage: positive/encouraging factors and negative/discouraging factors; (c) opinions about colleagues; (d) frequency of application; (e) diseases for which the Z-track method is applied; (f) drugs given by the Z-track method; and (g) suggestions for dissemination: suggestions for training, suggestions for patients, suggestions for institutions and suggestions for healthcare professionals.

Conclussion: Obstacles against the use of the Z-track method mostly result from lack of training and role models. However, it has been determined that there is a need for regulations regarding the determination, development and dissemination of standards for the application of the Z-track method.
Personal Prioritization of Healthy Eating among Chinese Adults and Its Association with Dietary Behaviors: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Ali Shahmir H. , Gu Yuxuan , Yuan Changzheng , DiClemente Ralph J.
Published: April 2023

Objective: China faces a growing non-communicable disease (NCD) burden linked with diet.  The link between attitudes towards healthy diets and specific eating behaviors has been underexplored in Chinese settings. The aim of this study is to evaluate disparities in personal healthy eating prioritization among Chinese adults and its association with specific dietary patterns.

Methods: Data from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was used to examine healthy eating prioritization (how important “eating a healthy diet” was to participants) and its association with socio-demographic, interpersonal, and physical health variables, along with plant-based and healthy eating dietary patterns, and consumption of specific food groups. 

Results: Of the 13,653 participants with healthy eating prioritization data, 94% believed eating a healthy diet to be important. Odds of believe healthy eating to not be important was negatively associated with increased age (AOR:0.98, 95%CI:0.98-0.99), higher educational attainment (AOR:0.12, 95%CI: 0.07-0.19), living in urban environments (AOR:0.76, 95%CI:0.63-0.83), living with both parents (AOR:0.69, 95%CI:0.48-0.98), and past diagnosis of NCDs (AOR:0.76, 95%CI:0.59-0.96). Men and those who were single had higher odds of believing eating a healthy to not be important (AOR:1.36, 95%CI:1.08-1.71; AOR:1.36, 95%CI:1.08-1.71). Compared to those who believed eating a healthy diet to be important, those who did not had a lower odds of higher vegetable intake (AOR:0.77, 95%CI:0.62-0.96) and higher meat intake (AOR:0.80, 95%CI:0.63-1.00). 

Conclusion: Findings provide novel insights on how interventional and observational dietary attitude research in China may need to explore the unique role vegetable and meat intake play in the diet attitude-behavior link.
Association of American Identity with Cardiovascular Health in South Asian Americans: The MASALA Study
Authors: Sunderraj Ashwin , Shah Nilay , Lancki Nicola , Siddique Juned , Kandula Namratha
Published: April 2023

Background: Ethnic and national identity may influence cardiovascular health (CVH)-related behaviors, such as dietary preference. To better understand how acculturation is related to CVH among South Asian American adults, we evaluated the association of self-rated American identity with CVH factors among participants of the MASALA (Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America) Study.

 Methods: Multivariable linear regression quantified the associations of self-rated American identity (1 [low American identity] to 10 [high American identity]) with CVH factors, including measures of cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose. The role of diet quality, physical activity, and social support in mediating these associations was evaluated.

Results: Participants (n=771) lived in the US for an average 27 (SD 11) years. Mean self-rated American identity score was 5.5 (2.4). After adjustment, a 5-point higher American identity score was associated with 6.5 mg/dL higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 6.6 mg/dL higher total cholesterol, 2.9 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure, and 1.4 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure. Accounting for diet quality, physical activity, or social support did not alter these associations.

Conclusions: Higher self-rated American identity is associated with worse CVH factors among South Asian American adults.
Management of first metatarsophalangeal joint pain in runners with extracorporeal shockwave therapy and physical therapy
Authors: Gureck AE , Schon J , Rhim HC , Wasserman L , Hollander K , Tenforde AS
Published: April 2023

Problem: The first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint can become painful in runners and limit ability to remain active. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a conservative treatment option for musculoskeletal disorders due to its proposed effect on tissue remodeling and pain modulation and is best combined with physical therapy (PT). We hypothesized that a portion of runners with first MTP pain treated with ESWT and PT would achieve functional improvements. Methods: Chart review identified 21 runners who received ESWT and PT for first MTP joint pain. Functional outcomes were quantified using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) prior to and following treatment, and patients meeting minimally clinically important differences (MCID) was the primary outcome of interest. Each runner received a minimum of three sessions of ESWT over the MTP joint, and PT focused on intrinsic foot strengthening and joint mobilization. Results: MCID was achievable in either FAAM ADL and/or FAAM Sports subscales for 15 of 21 runners, of whom 9 of 15 (60%) met MCID in one or both subscales. FAAM Sports subscale improved from pre-treatment median of 12 to best post-treatment median of 23 (p=0.0049) after a median time of 3 weeks. Discussion: ESWT combined with PT may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for runners with first MTP joint pain in whom other conservative management has failed. Most included runners treated with ESWT and PT had improved function.
Les Moires dans les épigrammes funéraires grecques
Authors: Ledig Michaël
Published: April 2023

Cet article se propose d’examiner les représentations de la figure des Moires dans les épigrammes funéraires grecques. Notre parcours commencera par les plus anciennes représentations des Moires, celles que nous trouvons dans les épopées d’Homère, puis chez ses successeurs, représentés notamment par Hésiode et Pindare. Nous examinerons ensuite comment les épigrammatistes, dont la pratique poétique emprunte très largement à la poésie d’Homère et de ses successeurs, ont représenté les déesses du destin dans leurs compositions. Nous verrons ainsi que, si les épigrammatistes peignent les Moires sous leurs traits traditionnels, elles apparaissent sous un jour quelque peu différent lorsque les épigrammes funéraires sont dédiées à des enfants ou à de jeunes adultes.
Marie de Magdala, une psychopompe chrétienne
Authors: Rondou Katherine
Published: April 2023

Plusieurs écrivains contemporains redéfinissent le rôle de la sainte dans les rites mortuaires qui entourent la mort du Messie. Alors que des siècles de peinture religieuse nous ont transmis l’image d’une Madeleine en larme au pied de la croix, certains auteurs souhaitent plutôt souligner par l’absence de larmes le stoïcisme de leur héroïne ou, au contraire, sa profonde détresse psychologique. Parallèlement, la pleureuse supplante à plusieurs reprises la pénitente dans les évocations de la vie post-testamentaire de Marie Madeleine, qui apparaît davantage comme une veuve éplorée que comme une pécheresse repentie. Certains écrivains illustrent également par l’absence d’onguent au matin de Pâques la perspicacité de la sainte, pleinement confiante en l’accomplissement de la Résurrection. Le miracle rend évidemment la toilette mortuaire inutile. De même, l’onction de Béthanie, métaphore à la fois du sacre royal et de l’embaumement anticipé du Christ, retient régulièrement l’attention des écrivains contemporains, qui y voient le discernement de la jeune femme : elle comprend, avant les autres disciples, la nécessité de se préparer à la mort du Nazaréen. Marie-Madeleine accompagne le Christ à chaque étape de son voyage dans l’au-delà – vers la mort et la victoire sur la mort – et assume indubitablement le rôle de psychopompe. Il nous semble dès lors opportun d’interroger le rapport de Marie de Magdala à la mort du Christ dans la littérature occidentale des XXe et XXIe siècles, en raison des multiples évolutions du thème magdaléen que nous avons pu constater, particulièrement depuis les années 1980.
The Infanticide in Marie-Célie Agnant’s Le Livre d’Emma or Colonized Caring Made Manifest
Authors: Boum Make Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Le livre d’Emma (2001) by Marie-Célie Agnant recounts the story of Emma Bratte following the murder of her young daughter, Lola. Flore, who is also the narrator of the story, meets Emma at the psychiatric ward where she is confined: she is tasked with acting as an interpreter since Emma refuses to speak any language but Haitian Creole. It is during the sessions with Flore that Emma speaks of “la malédiction du sang”, a blood-borne curse originating with the slave trade and colonization. This generational curse refers to the oppression and exploitation that enslaved people were subjected to, related in particular to women’s reproductive labor, and the perpetuation of exploitative care into the present. As such, rather than read the infanticide as the result of Emma’s alleged madness, I read the commonly perceived violent act of infanticide as the signifier for the persistent defects of configurations of care giving and care receiving in colonial and postcolonial societies.
L’exécution des fées ou l’impossible retour à l’origine dans Le Ravissement d’Andrée A. Michaud
Authors: Montambault Vicky
Published: April 2023

En présentant un visage double, voire multiple, la figure mythique de la fée se déploie de façon ambivalente dans le roman Le Ravissement. Si, traditionnellement, ce personnage principalement féminin et bienveillant est associé à l’accompagnement, Andrée A. Michaud, pour sa part, en infléchit la signification, car bien qu’il escorte toujours les protagonistes, c’est uniquement dans une lente descente aux enfers qui les mène à la folie. Liée à l’égarement, la fée convoque également le symbolisme de la chute. Associée à la perdition et à la transgression, la fée michaudienne, empruntant tour à tour les traits de la sorcière et ceux de la sirène, symbolise un rapport problématique à l’origine et en circonscrit les contours nostalgiques.
Avatars de la fée dans l’oeuvre autobiographique de Michel Leiris, de L’Âge d’homme à Fibrilles
Authors: Tufféry Jean
Published: April 2023

Cette étude s’intéresse à la figure de la fée dans l’oeuvre de Michel Leiris, à partir des contes mais surtout des romans de chevalerie. En distinguant deux figures médiévales de la fée (la fée amante et la fée marraine), il est aisé de voir que Leiris, dans L’Âge d’homme, fait référence à la première, créature sexuelle ambiguë, à la fois enchanteresse et destructrice. Mais il est possible de trouver des traces de la seconde dans Fibrilles, dont un chapitre s’organise autour du récit d’une tentative de suicide avortée. À son réveil, l’écrivain est visité par le souvenir de sa tante Claire Friché, célèbre cantatrice. Redoublée par d’autres figures féminines (infirmières, etc.) qui entourent le convalescent, elle accompagne celui qui semble être redevenu un nouveau-né dans son retour à la vie, en l’encourageant à persévérer dans son oeuvre interrompue ; en lui faisant symboliquement don de la parole, elle apparaît ainsi comme une fée bienveillante, marraine de sa renaissance.
Unmasking the Loyal Maidservant in Germinie Lacerteux
Authors: Rushton Jessica
Published: April 2023

This article argues that by unmasking the secret life of the fictional maidservant, Germinie Lacerteux, the Goncourt brothers develop and describe a nineteenth-century social imaginary of the rebellious female servant. The rebellious maidservant emerges in the nineteenth-century social imagination through an interconnected web of discourses emanating from the period’s literature, faits divers, household manuals and criminology reports. By analysing Germinie Lacerteux in conjunction with nineteenth-century household manuals, this article explores how the Goncourts contributed to this interconnected web of discourses that created the nineteenth-century cultural stereotype of the rebellious female servant. In revealing the ‘true’ nature of the maidservant in their novel, the Goncourts imply that the bourgeoisie must learn to see the image of the devoted servant as nothing more than a construct in the social imagination. The guardian angel whom the bourgeoisie sought to hire is a myth born out of their increasing fears surrounding the potentially dangerous stranger in their home.
Accompagnement et souci philosophique : la sécurisation de la culture. La critique nietzschéenne du souci
Authors: Sylvain Laurence
Published: April 2023

Cet article explore la critique nietzschénne de la figure du philosophe conçu comme celui qui prend soin de la culture. Pour Nietzsche, ce philosophe figure une tendance à la sécurité qui est une façon de prendre soin de la culture afin de garantir sa sûreté et sa permanence. S’intéressant à cette critique et à l’étymologie latine du mot souci (care), cura, ce, à partir de l’analyse philologique proposée par John T. Hamilton dans son livre Security: Politics, Humanity and the Philology of Care, l’article cherche à penser les noeuds qui unissent les notions de souci, de care et de sécurité et leur rejet au sein de la pensée nietzschéenne.
L’amie caregiver : limites et dérives d’une position privilégiée chez Delphine de Vigan
Authors: Mulat Lucile , Proulx Stéphanie
Published: April 2023

La littérature française contemporaine donne de plus en plus de place aux représentations de la vulnérabilité et aux acteur·rice·s qui tentent de la minimiser. Les textes de Delphine de Vigan s’inscrivent dans cette mouvance, car ils mettent de l’avant une figure du care peu reconnue et étudiée : l’ami·e. Consacré aux romans No et moi et D’après une histoire vraie, cet article a pour objectif de dégager les dynamiques complexes que les pratiques du care génèrent au sein de la relation amicale. Si ces pratiques peuvent révéler la force de l’attachement qui unit les amies, elles restent susceptibles de provoquer un déséquilibre et donc de mettre en danger, voire de résilier le lien. Qu’elle réclame ou qu’elle prodigue du care, l’amie se révèle ambivalente, réduisant ou intensifiant tour à tour la vulnérabilité de l’autre.
Rapid cell type-specific nascent proteome labeling in Drosophila
Authors: Villalobos-Cantor Stefanny , Barrett Ruth M , Condon Alec F , Arreola-Bustos Alicia , Rodriguez Kelsie M , Cohen Michael S , Martin Ian
Published: April 2023

Controlled protein synthesis is required to regulate gene expression and is often carried out in a cell type-specific manner. Protein synthesis is commonly measured by labeling the nascent proteome with amino acid analogs or isotope-containing amino acids. These methods have been difficult to implement in vivo as they require lengthy amino acid replacement procedures. O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) is a puromycin analog that incorporates into nascent polypeptide chains. Through its terminal alkyne, OPP can be conjugated to a fluorophore-azide for directly visualizing nascent protein synthesis, or to a biotin-azide for capture and identification of newly-synthesized proteins. To achieve cell type-specific OPP incorporation, we developed phenylacetyl-OPP (PhAc-OPP), a puromycin analog harboring an enzyme-labile blocking group that can be removed by penicillin G acylase (PGA). Here, we show that cell type-specific PGA expression in Drosophila can be used to achieve OPP labeling of newly-synthesized proteins in targeted cell populations within the brain. Following a brief 2 hr incubation of intact brains with PhAc-OPP, we observe robust imaging and affinity purification of OPP-labeled nascent proteins in PGA-targeted cell populations. We apply this method to show a pronounced age-related decline in neuronal protein synthesis in the fly brain, demonstrating the capability of PhAc-OPP to quantitatively capture in vivo protein synthesis states. This method, which we call POPPi (PGA-dependent OPP incorporation), should be applicable for rapidly visualizing protein synthesis and identifying nascent proteins synthesized under diverse physiological and pathological conditions with cellular specificity in vivo.
Hidden diversity: comparative functional morphology of humans and other species
Authors: McKenney Erin A. , Hale Amanda R. , Anderson Janiaya , Larsen Roxanne , Grant Colleen , Dunn Robert R.
Published: April 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) morphology plays an important role in nutrition, health, and epidemiology; yet limited data on GI variation have been collected since 1885. Here we demonstrate that students can collect reliable data sets on gut morphology; when they do, they reveal greater morphological variation for some structures in the GI tract than has been documented in the published literature. We discuss trait variability both within and among species, and the implications of that variability for evolution and epidemiology. Our results show that morphological variation in the GI tract is associated with each organ’s role in food processing. For example, the length of many structures was found to vary significantly with feeding strategy. Within species, the variability illustrated by the coefficients of variation suggests that selective constraints may vary with function. Within humans, we detected significant Pearson correlations between the volume of the liver and the length of the appendix (t-value = 2.5278, df = 28, p = 0.0174, corr = 0.4311) and colon (t-value = 2.0991, df = 19, p = 0.0494, corr = 0.4339), as well as between the lengths of the small intestine and colon (t-value = 2.1699, df = 17, p = 0.0445, corr = 0.4657), which are arguably the most vital organs in the gut for nutrient absorption. Notably, intraspecific variation in the small intestine can be associated with life history traits. In humans, females demonstrated consistently and significantly longer small intestines than males (t-value15 = 2.245, p = 0.0403). This finding supports the female canalization hypothesis, specifically, increased female investment in the digestion and absorption of lipids.
Research on Music Literacy Education for College Students-Thinking from the Perspective of System Theory
Authors: Yang Jing
Published: April 2023

Music literacy education plays a unique role in the process of quality education for college students in higher vocational colleges in its unique form. At present, due to the influence of various reasons, there are still some problems in the development of music literacy education in vocational colleges. To solve these problems well, we must start with formulating reasonable teaching plans, strengthening the construction of teaching staff, and improving teaching methods. Starting from the idea of system theory, it is of great significance and value to grasp the structure, purpose, hierarchy, integrity, coordination, and dynamics of music education in colleges and universities. Based on the idea of system theory, this paper conducts research on music education in colleges and universities, hoping to be beneficial to the development of music education in colleges and universities.
Prevalence of Stillbirths during COVID-19 Pandemic at a Tertiary Referral Centre in Central Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ajini KK , Jyotsna S , Prasad JS Ajith
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Stillbirth is defined as a baby born with no signs of life after a given threshold. It is a sensitive indicator of quality of care received by the mother during antepartum and intrapartum period. There has been a renewed focus on stillbirth in the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic, as pregnant women are at an increased risk for severe form of COVID-19 and are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of stillbirths and its characteristics during the pandemic and also, to classify the causes of stillbirths according to the International Classification of Diseases for use in Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) classification. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, during the COVID-19 pandemic from 1st August 2021 to 30th July 2022. A total of 106 mothers, who gave birth to stillbirths after 28 weeks of gestation were included in the study. When gestational age was not sure, stillbirth weighing more than 500 grams was considered as the inclusion criteria. Foetus, placenta, cord and membranes were examined after the delivery. The parameters studied were age, domicile, income, gestational age, order of pregnancy, mode of delivery, timing of foetal death, baby weight, gender, presence of anomalies and maternal medical complications. The causes were classified according to International Classification of Diseases-10-to Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) classification system. Categorical variables were assessed by Chi-square test and continuous variables were assessed by unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: There were 106 stillbirths with a Stillbirth Rate (SBR) of 38.78 per 1000 births. Major proportions of stillbirths were antepartum. Mean maternal age was 28.7±4.7 years. There were 73 (68.86) rural women and 33 (31.1%) urban women with stillbirths. A total of 90 (84.9%) cases were referral, while 16 (15.1%) were registered in the Institute for antenatal care. A total of 67 (63.2%) stillborns were male babies, but there was no significant difference in SBR, according to the order of pregnancy. Causes were classified according to the ICDPM classification system. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (36.79%) and the foetal growth restriction (39.62%) were the common maternal and foetal condition identified among the cases. There were 22 COVID-19 positive cases, but they were also having hypertension as co-morbidity. Conclusion: In present study, antepartum stillbirth was the commonest type and occurred mostly in referral cases from periphery. Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy and foetal growth restriction were the leading causes. Early detection of high-risk conditions and timely referral, may reduce the rate of stillbirth.
Estimation of Facial Attractiveness as Biomarker of Ovulation Using Facial Photogrammetry during Phases of Female Sexual Cycle
Authors: Bob-Manuel Ibinabo Fubara , Okerulu Adaobi Linda , Onwuka Osah Martins
Published: April 2023

Background: Facial photogrammetry during various phases of female sexual cycle was used to estimate the facial beauty/attractiveness of females at menstruation and ovulation phase of their monthly cycle; in order to form basis of using facial attractiveness as a biomarker of ovulation.

Methods: Thirty-seven (37)volunteered female scholars in an institution in Southern Nigeria were purposively selected to include menstruating females of 17 – 28 years. Photographs of the selected subjects were taken during menstruation and two weeks after menstruation (ovulation period). Afterwards, photogrammetric analysis was performed; 350 males were asked to pick preferred facialpicture of each of the subjects.

Results: There was significant differences between the facial proportions measured during the sexual cycle and ideal facial proportion of the subjects p<0.05. The estimation of attractiveness was higher in ovulation phase as there was positive significant correlation of facial proportions of the subjects during the various phases of their sexual cycle.

Conclusion: The findings suggests that facial beauty/attractiveness may be used to estimate the sexual cycle of females as enhanced facial beauty/attractiveness could be a biomarker of ovulation.
Digital Literacy, Pedagogical Knowledge, and Research Skill: A Structural Equation Model in Professional Competence of Teachers
Authors: Disonglo Michelle P. , Limpot Marilou Y.
Published: April 2023

Aims: To determine the levels of digital literacy, pedagogical knowledge, and research skills and to identify the best-fit model of professional competence of elementary and high school teachers in Southern Mindanao Region, Philippines.

Study Design: Quantitative-causal research design utilizing the Structural Equation Model.

Place and Duration of Study: Southern Mindanao Region, The Philippines, during the school year 2022-2023.

Methodology: Stratified random sampling technique was used to determine the 400 elementary and secondary Filipino teachers. Only those respondents who agreed to be part of the study were included. However, this study did not have teachers not handling Filipino subjects; those teaching in college; teaching outside Region XI; or training in the previous school year. The respondents came from different divisions of Davao City, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental, Davao de Oro, Davao Oriental, Digos City, Mati City, Panabo City, Island Garden of Samal, and Tagum City.

Results: Filipino teachers' digital literacy, pedagogical knowledge, and research skills were very high. It indicated that digital literacy, pedagogical knowledge, and research skills were observed. Likewise, my professional competence was also very high. It was an indication that the respondents paid much attention to professional abilities. It also revealed that digital literacy, pedagogical knowledge, research skills, and professional competence had a significant relationship. Among the five models tested, hypothesized model 5 was the best-fitted model. Digital literacy exhibited the effect, making it a significant predictor of professional competence. In contrast, pedagogical knowledge shows eligible results, which means partly a predictor of professional competence. Moreover, the research skill shows a negligible direct effect on professional competence.

Conclusion: Model 5 was the most appropriate model for the teachers' professional competence, and the study indicated that Filipino teachers in Southern Mindanao Region had very high levels of digital literacy, pedagogical knowledge, research skill, and professional competence. It implies that teachers must maintain substantial and relevant teaching-learning activities to gain professional competence. It shows further that these three independent variables may be used as a starting point for future research and as a resource when creating prospectuses for students enrolling in education programs.
Factors Affecting Spoken Competency in English of Rural and Urban Students in Bhutanese Middle Secondary Schools
Authors: Wangmo Sangay , Daker Sonam , Wangmo Kesang
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to examine the factors affecting the spoken competency of rural and urban students in Bhutanese Middle Secondary schools. The study employed a convergent mixed method design with the data collection tools of classroom observations, student survey questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with teachers and students. Five English teachers (3 Males, 2 Females) and 243 students (114 Males, 129 Females) from both rural and urban areas participated in the study. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) analysis by means of a statistical package for social science (SPSS) and the qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results indicated that the spoken competency of rural and urban students is affected by factors both inside and outside of the school. Language teachers, other subject teachers, non-teaching staff such as librarians, peer influence, teaching strategy, and student attitude are the factors. Furthermore, findings showed that there is no English-speaking environment and no strict policies in both rural and urban schools. If there are strict rules and policies with proper follow-up; there will be an improvement in English-spoken competency. The mean difference from quantitative findings displayed that rural students are not encouraged to speak English as much as urban students. The findings also confirm that both rural and urban students do not have adequate opportunities to speak English. Therefore, the findings recommend that despite the difference in family background, parents, as well as teachers, could motivate the students to speak English even outside the school. The finding also recommends that the school could develop substantial policies such as guidelines or language policies at school that will genuinely help students to develop their spoken competency. Moreover, the respective school teacherscreate a conducive environment so as to expose the students to the target language as the teacher is exemplary to create an English-speaking environment.
Relationship between Age and Lumbosacral Angle (LSA) of Adult Nigerians: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bob-Manuel Ibinabo Fubara , Adheke Oghenefego Michael
Published: April 2023

Background: The lumbosacral angle (LSA), is a key morphometric parameter important in the management of patients with low back disorders.

Aim: The study evaluated the relationship between age and lumbosacral angle of adult Nigerians.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-six (226) radiographs (113 males to 113 females) were obtained from Radiology departments of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owerri. Inclusion criteria were, lateral radiographs of lumbosacral region marked above 18 years of ages and only clear X-ray films were used.Using the Ferguson's approach, the lumbosacral angle was measured. All data obtained were expressed both in descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Both male and female categories showed a progressive increase in lumbosacral angle across age groups, but later decreased in the age group of 60 years and above. The mean lumbosacral angle of male subjects was 35.74° while that of females was 41.46°. There was a significant difference (t = 3.16, p = 0.002) between the lumbosacral angle of male and female categories. However, there was a weak, positive correlation between age and lumbosacral angle of males (r = 0.187) and females (r = 0.392).

Conclusion: The males had a lower mean lumbosacral angle compared to the females. Age was significantly correlated with lumbosacral angle in both sexes.
Mathematical Model on the Control/Eradication of the Consumption of Cannabis sativa in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Isienyi U. S. , Arihilam E. C. , Ujah F. A. , Olugbue V. U.
Published: April 2023

The present work studied the dynamics of the interaction of the susceptible and victims of Cannabis sativa smoking/consumption using a mathematical model SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, and Recovered/Removed) approach with sensitive control parameters introduced accordingly. We strive at developing a set of model equations from a schematic diagram designed as to enable us conduct some necessary analyses for the study. We derive a deterministic model on the control/eradication of Cannabis sativa smoking/consumption in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State via (a). Developing proper and all-encompassing schematic diagram from where the necessary differential equation will be generated for use for the research analyses, (b). Introducing/employing of ideal control parameters or measures at the right/vital compartments in the schematic diagram, (c). Conducting the three (3) relevant/basic analyses such as (i) Stability, (ii) Endemicity, (iii) Sensitivity analyses of the model equations, (d). Simulating the system using a derived sensitivity index table with the help of R0, and (e). Interpreting the resulting graphs that will provide the effective control measures on the use of Cannabis sativa. The results show that, of all the five (5) control parameters, τ (which is the enlightenment control on the dangers and health hazards associated with the use of Cannabis sativa) is the most effective. The Government is then advised to set up an agency to be saddled with the responsibility of conducting enough sensitization on the dangers as well as the health hazards associated with the use of Cannabis sativa.
Comparison of Organic Fertilizers on the Optimization of Growth and Yield Parameters of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the City of Daloa
Authors: Salla Moreto , Konate Zoumana , Houngbedji Elisabeth Tossimidé , Kouame Djaha
Published: April 2023

This trial was conducted on an experimental plot of the Jean Lorougnon Guédé University in Daloa (Ivory Coast). The experiment was conducted on "the comparison of the effects of organic fertilizers based on Tithonia diversifolia and Thevetianeriifolia on the optimization of growth and yield parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)". Four treatments were tested in completely randomized Fisher blocks, with three repetitions. The results obtained on the growth and yield parameters considered were significantly influenced by the treatments applied. Data were collected every seven days for growth parameters and only once for post-harvest yield. Liquid treatments gave the best results on height (12.96 centimeters) with Thevetia, number of leaves (8.91) with Thevetia, width of leaves (5.79 centimeters), length of leaves (8. 10 centimeter) with Tithonia and the wingspan (11.15 centimeter) of the lettuce plants, as well as on the yield. The treatments significantly influenced growth and yield parameters.
Fixed Points of E-Contraction in Controlled Metric Spaces
Authors: Verma Shiva , Ughade Manoj , Shukla Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2023

The goal of this study is to prove a fixed-point theorem for E-contraction in a completely controlled metric space. Many previous findings in the literature are extended/ generalized by our findings. We also present examples that demonstrate the utility of these findings.
On Fibonacci Range Labeling for Standard Shell Graphs
Authors: Odyuo Aronthung S. , Mercy P.
Published: April 2023

A shell C[n, (n - 3)] of size n is a graph obtained by taking (n - 3) concurrent chords in a cycle \(C_n\) on n vertices. Deb and Limaye (2002) have conjectured that all multiple shells are harmonious. The conjecture has prove to be true for uniform double shells, uniform triple shells and uniform quadruple shells. Here, we prove for a non- uniform double shells with order m and n, where n = (m - 1) and \(\kappa\)-copies of a shell C[n, (n - 3)]\(\kappa\) with a union of \(K_2\) for n = 4, 2\(K_2\) for n = 6 and 3\(K_2\) for n = 8, having a common end vertex joined to the apex of the shell are Fibonacci range labeling.
Estimation of Energy Potential by Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Residues in Agro-ecological Zone 5 in Benin
Authors: Chincoun Dimitri , Bagan Gontrand C. , Sewadé Clément
Published: April 2023

Aims: Evaluate the available dry matter deposit of crop residues and assimilated as well as its methanogenic and energetic potential in the agro-ecological zone 5, in Benin.

Place and Duration of Study: Rural Engineering Laboratory, National University of Agriculture, Benin, between October 2021 and October 2022.

Methodology: This evaluation was done through a prospective approach based on the Solagro-Indigo method. The potential yield was evaluated using national agricultural statistics and the residue-to-product ratios available in the literature. An exploratory survey was conducted to evaluate the availability of residues in the study area. The methanogenic and energetic potential was determined from the specific bio-methane potentials of each type of residues from previous studies.

Results: This study shows that 71% of the total dry matter produced is not valorized. This important deposit represents more than 248 million cubic meters of methane and is equivalent to approximately 210 kilo tons of oil equivalent and more than 100% of the total wood energy needs in the region. Additional studies on the optimal conditions for digestion of the main residues identified could promote initiatives for their valorization.

Conclusion: The assessment of agricultural residues potential in the ZAE5 revealed a huge deposit of organic matter that is underpriced and largely abandoned with considerable energy potential. Data are available for each commune and could be used for municipalities development strategies. However, an in-depth study of the optimal methanization conditions and more accurate and precise spatial analyses should be carried out for implementation for energy valorization initiatives.
Intrapulmonary Use of Hydrogen Peroxide in Respiratory Obstruction: Initial Results Demonstrate the Possibility of Airway Recanalization and Blood Reoxygenation through the Lungs: An Update
Authors: Urakov Aleksandr , Shabanov Petr , Gurevich Konstantin , Fisher Evgeny , Stolyarenko Anastasia , Suntsova Daria , Yagudin Ilnur , Muhutdinov Nikita
Published: April 2023

It is reported that the interaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate solution with thick sputum, mucus, pus and blood clots leads to their rapid transformation into a fluffy oxygenated foam. This mechanism of action allows repurposing hydrogen peroxide from antiseptic to expectorant and oxygen forming antihypoxant, which can find application for recanalization of airways and increasing blood oxygenation in acute respiratory syndrome. It is reported that acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 can be caused by excessive accumulation of thick sputum, mucus and pus in the airways, which complicates intra-pulmonary oxygenation of blood, causes hypoxia and causes death, since there are no drugs for urgent recanalization of the airways today. At the same time, the first evidence emerged that alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution can claim to be an inhaled expectorant and oxygen-producing drug for urgent recanalization of the airways when they are blocked by mucus, sputum, pus, blood and other colloidal fluid containing the enzyme catalase.
Assessing the Potential Impact of Large Language Models on Labor Markets and Business Cycles in China: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Liu Ningbo
Published: April 2023

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in various fields, including labor markets and business cycles. In this paper, we examine the impact potential of LLMs in labor markets and business cycles in China through a qualitative case study. We first provide background information on LLMs and labor markets and business cycles in China, and then review the relevant literature. Next, we describe the methodology of our study, including the data collection process and data analysis techniques. We present the findings of our case study and identify themes and patterns related to the impact potential of LLMs. We then discuss the implications of our findings for the use of LLMs in labor markets and business cycles in China, compare our findings to the literature review, and offer suggestions for future research. Our study contributes to the growing body of literature on LLMs and their impact potential in various fields and provides insights into the potential use of LLMs in labor markets and business cycles in China.
Meetings of the Society, 1989-90
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Details of Society meetings held in 1989 – 1990.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s accounts. The Council for the following session was then elected and a list of Fellows who died during 1989-1990 was presented.
Excavations at Grandtully, Perthshire
Authors: Simpson D D A , Coles John M , Denston C B
Published: April 2023

The site is defined by a series of pits and scoops dug into a gravel terrace. Two phases of activity are represented, a Late Neolithic phase with pottery deposited, perhaps ritually, in a number of pits and a subsequent Early Bronze Age flat cemetery containing urned and simple cremation deposits. Includes a report on the cremations by C B Denston. Au
The 'turning' of Scotland
Authors: Mann John C
Published: April 2023

Scotland is misaligned on Ptolemy's map because it was believed that life would be impossible north of 63 #N. Au
Mesolithic activity at Carn southern raised beach, Isle of Jura
Authors: Searight Susan
Published: April 2023

A small flint-workers' site on the east coast of North Jura - assigned to Jura's Phase 2 - provided interesting vegetational information in addition to confirming Mesolithic activity in the area. A golden bark layer (probably alder) directly overlay the occupation layer, which itself yielded a carbonised pear-like fruit-pip. Pollen analysis of the overlying peat showed clear traces of human influence on the vegetation from the beginning of the peat formation (probably Late Sub-Boreal). Au
George Jobey
Authors: Macinnes Lesley
Published: April 2023

The sudden death of Professor George Jobey, DSO, MA, FSA, Hon FSAScot, on 19 December 1991 marked not only the loss of a unique individual, but also the end of an era in the archaeology of North Britain.
Excavations of a wheelhouse and other Iron Age structures at Sollas, North Uist, by R J C Atkinson in 1957
Authors: Campbell Ewan , Finlay Judith , Henderson Julian
Published: April 2023

Rescue excavations at Sollas investigated a well-preserved Iron Age wheelhouse and a more ruinous circular building. Much decorated pottery was recovered from stratified contexts, enabling a sequence of forms and decorative motifs to be proposed. The construction of the wheelhouse can be shown from a series of radiocarbon measurements and artefacts to date to the first or second century AD, providing a fixed point in the much debated Hebridean pottery sequence and in the development of Hebridean round-houses. Beneath the wheelhouse floors were a large number of pits, many containing articulated, dismembered or cremated animal burials, attesting to ritual practices. The site, which is the first wheelhouse excavation to be published for twenty years, has important implications for the structure, chronology and function of wheelhouses in the Hebridean Iron Age. There is a report on the `Animal bone' by Judith Finlay (147--8 & microfiche 3:D9--F10) and an `Analysis of glass and pigment' by Julian Henderson (microfiche 3:D7--D8).
Newstead: the buildings in the western annexe
Authors: Black E W
Published: April 2023

The two main buildings in the western annexe of the fort at Newstead, Roxburghshire, are interpreted as a mansio and a bath-house. A sequence of development is proposed for them and a tentative suggestion is made that a numerus may have been garrisoned with a milliary auxiliary regiment in the second Antonine period.
The Northumbrian settlements in Galloway and Carrick: an historical assessment
Authors: Brooke Daphne
Published: April 2023

The Anglian settlements dating from the Northumbrian supremacy in Galloway and Carrick are traced from place-names, church dedications, and supporting historical, topographical and archaeological material. Their grouping reveals three `shires' with some identified boundaries. These territories appear to have co-existed with British occupied areas, presumably under tribute. Medieval place-name forms are listed in an appendix, and appendices also give the corresponding forms of British, Scandinavian and selected Gaelic place-names.
Capo, Kincardineshire: investigation of a Second World War bomb crater
Authors: Tavener Nick
Published: April 2023

Discusses the problems of distinguishing between bomb crater sites and archaeological sites on aerial photographs.
Collections, information and computers in the National Museums of Scotland
Authors: Burnett John
Published: April 2023

Presents some history of collecting and classification of information in the National Museums of Scotland and suggests likely developments made possible by recent computerised listing of the collections.