bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition on HIV-1 Integrase Activity and Nitric Oxide Production of Compounds from Ficus glomerata
Authors: Bunluepuech Kingkan , Sudsai Teeratad , Wattanapiromsakul Chatchai , Tewtrakul Supinya
Published: March 2019

An ethanol Ficus glomerata wood extract and its purified components were investigated for their HIV-1 integrase (IN) and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities. From bioassay-guided isolation, five compounds: β-sitosterol-D-glucoside (1), aloe-emodin (2), genistein (3), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methyl-anthraquinone (4) and 3-(1- C-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (5) were isolated. Among the tested samples, at concentrations of 100 μM; compound 2 showed 31.9% inhibition of HIV-1 IN, followed by 4 (19.5%), whereas other compounds were inactive. With regard to the inhibitory effect on NO production, 3 possessed the highest activity with an IC50 value of 27.5 μM, followed by 4 (IC50 = 34.7 μM) and 2 (IC50 = 41.8 μM), respectively. This is the first time that compounds 2-5 have been isolated from Ficus glomerata.
Two New Prenylflavanones from Erythrina sigmoidea
Authors: Ali Muhammad Shaiq , Ali Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Zeeshan , Onocha Patricia A.
Published: March 2019

Two new prenylflavanones named sigmone and sigmotriol have been isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina sigmoidea along with two known constituents 8-(3″-methylbut-2″-enyl)-7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavanone and 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavanone. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Content of Phenolic Compounds in Aerial Parts of Chamomilla suaveolens from Estonia
Authors: Raal Ain , Püssa Tõnu , Sepp Janne , Malmiste Birgit , Arak Elmar
Published: March 2019

The content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and coumarins in the aerial parts of pineapple weed ( Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.), growing wild in Estonia, was determined chromato-spectrophotometrically, and individual polyphenols were quantified using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. The total content of polyphenols was rather similar in flowers (9.1–11.5%) and in whole aerial parts (8.4–10.9%) of pineapple weed. The upper one-third (1/3) and upper two-thirds (2/3) of the aerial parts contained more flavonoids (0.15 – 0.20%) than the flowers (0.12%). The content of coumarins showed no significant difference between the flowers and the upper 1/3 and 2/3 of the aerial parts. The main polyphenols in the flowers were dicaffeoylquinic acids (202-380 mkg/mL), chlorogenic acids (75-185 mkg/mL), and ferulic acid glycoside (61-124 mkg/mL). Also found were quercetin galactoside, apigenin acetylglucoside, malonylapigenin glucoside, as well as luteolin, quercetin and apigenin glycosides.
Bioactive Metabolites from Biotransformation of Paeonol by the White-Rot Basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor
Authors: Li Xiao-Jun , Shi Xin-Wei , Shuai Qi , Gao Jin-Ming , Zhang An-Ling
Published: March 2019

Biotransformation of paeonol (1) with the white-rot basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor afforded two metabolites, 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (2) and 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (3), which were identified by spectroscopic methods. Compound 3 showed higher antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal activities than 1 or 2. The results demonstrate for the first time that C. versicolor has the capacities to catalyze hydroxylation and demethylation reactions on the aromatic compound.
Two New Alkylanacardic Acids, Ozorcardic A and B, from Ozoroa pulcherrima
Authors: Christelle Tsague Dongmo , Hussain Hidayat , Dongo Etienne , Hermine Jatsa-Megaptche Boukeng , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Krohn Karsten
Published: March 2019

Two new alkylanacardic acids, ozorcardic A (1) and B (2), along with the known and related metabolite anacardic acid (3), were isolated from Ozoroa pulcherrima. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis.
GC/MS Analysis of the Essential Oil of Senecio belgaumensis Flowers
Authors: Joshi Rajesh K.
Published: March 2019

The essential oil composition of the flowers of Senecio belgaumensis (Wight) Cl. was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Forty eight compounds were identified, representing 91.5% of the total oil. The main constituents were 1-undecanol (19.5%), β-caryophyllene (18.9%), caryophyllene oxide (10.4%) and γ-terpinene (9.2%).
Composition of the Essential Oils from Anthriscus cerefolium var. trichocarpa and A. caucalis Growing Wild in the Urban Area of Vienna (Austria)
Authors: Chizzola Remigius
Published: March 2019

The composition of the essential oil from the different above ground plant parts of Anthriscus cerefolium and A. caucalis collected in the urban area of Vienna has been studied. The essential oils of A. cerefolium were dominated by estragole (= methylchavicol) and 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene, occurring in various proportions. The oils from young flowering plants had more estragole than 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene. Fruits from one location reached 95% estragole in the essential oil.

In A. caucalis, the main compound of all oils was cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (up to 74%) followed by cis-chrysanthenol (up to 16%). The fruit oils displayed a higher proportion of cis-chrysanthenyl acetate than the leaf or stem oils.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Pituranthos scoparius
Authors: Gourine Nadhir , Merrad Bahia , Yousfi Mohamed , Stocker Pierre , Gaydou Emile M.
Published: March 2019

The essential oils obtained by hydro distillation of the aerial parts of Pituranthos scoparius were collected from different regions of Algeria and gave various yields ranging from 0.6 up to 2.8% (v/w). These samples were analyzed by GC and GC-MS showing the occurrence of monoterpene hydrocarbons and some oxygenated compounds. The major components were α-pinene (4.4-35.8%), limonene (0.8-66.5%), bornyl acetate (tr-9.6%), myristicin (tr-31.1) and dill apiole (0.4-47.3%). The aerial parts of P. scoparius could be either very rich or very poor in limonene, myristicin or dill apiole. Cluster analysis shows differences in essential oil compositions of samples coming from the different area collected.
Characterization of Volatile Components of Tea Flowers (Camellia sinensis) Growing in Kangra by GC/MS
Authors: Joshi Robin , Poonam  , Saini Rikki , Guleria Shailja , Babu Garikapati D. Kiran , Kumari Manisha , Gulati Ashu
Published: March 2019

Volatile flavour components of tea flowers ( Camellia sinensis) were isolated by two methods viz. simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), analyzed by GC and GC/MS and compared with headspace analysis (HS). The composition of the volatile components extracted by the three methods differed considerably. In SFE, phenylethanol (14.7%), linalool (7.9%), ( E)-linalool oxide furanoid (3.5%), epoxy linalool (1.6%), geraniol (2.3%) and hotrienol (1.5%) were major components. m-Xylene (2.6%), ( E)-linalool oxide pyranoid (5.4%), p-myrcene (5.2%), α-cadinol (4.3%) and methyl palmitate (2.9%) were major compounds isolated by SDE. 3-hexenol (2.1%) ( E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (20.9%) and linalool (35.1%) are major components in headspace analysis. Acetophenone and pheromone germacrene D is detected in tea flowers by all the methods studied. Floral, fresh and fruity odour of tea flowers is retained by SFE as there is very little loss of heat sensitive volatiles in SFE. The flavour isolated from SFE has superior quality compared to SDE.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial activity of Satureja kitaibelii Essential Oil against Pathogenic Microbial Strains
Authors: Mihajilov-Krstev Tatjana , Kitić Dušanka , Radnović Dragan , Ristić Mihajlo , Mihajlović-Ukropina Mira , Zlatković Bojan
Published: March 2019

Plant species Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. is used as a spice and as a natural preservative for food and herbal tea, owing to its characteristic scent and flavor as well as high antimicrobial activity. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of isolated essential oil of S. kitaibelii was tested against a panel of 30 pathogenic microorganisms (foodborne microbes, selected multiresistant bacterial isolates from the patient wounds and dermatophyte isolates). Limonene (15.54%), p-cymene (9.99%), and borneol (8.91%) appeared as the main components in 44 identified compounds representing 98.44% of the oil. Essential oil of S. kitaibelii showed significant activity against a wide spectrum of foodborne microbes (MIC=0.18-25.5 μg mL−1) and multiresistant bacterial isolates (MIC=6.25-50.0 μg mL−1), as well as against dermatophyte strains (MIC=12.5-50.0 μg mL−1). These results demonstrate that S. kitaibelii essential oil could be used as a natural potential antimicrobial agent against pathogenic strains in the treatment of foodborne disease, wound and skin infections.
Influence of Growth Phase on the Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Satureja hortensis
Authors: Saharkhiz Mohammad Jamal , Zomorodian Kamiar , Rezaei Mohammad Reza , Saadat Farshid , Rahimi Mohammad Javad
Published: March 2019

The variations in quantity and quality of essential oils (EOs) from the aerial parts of cultivated Satureja hortensis were determined at different stages of harvesting. The EOs of air-dried samples were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the EOs was investigated by broth microdilution methods. The amount of EOs (w/w, %) were 2.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8% at floral budding, full flowering, immature fruit, and ripened fruit stages, respectively. γ-Terpinene was the major compound of the EO at all developmental stages, except the ripened fruit stage when it was replaced by carvacrol (46.4%). The EOs exhibited strong antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. Moreover, the EOs either inhibited or killed the examined yeasts at concentrations ranging from 0.03-8.0 μL/mL. Considering the wide range of antimicrobial activities of the examined EOs, they might have potential to be used in the management of infective agents.
Antibacterial Potential of Citral Derivatives
Authors: Singh Soni A. , Potdar Yogesh A. , Pawar Rasika S. , Bhat Sujata V.
Published: March 2019

Nine conjugated acid derivatives from monoterpene citral have been synthesized using ester, amide condensations, Wittig, Knoevenagel, Baylis-Hillman reactions and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated through disc diffusion and serial dilution methods. Several derivatives displayed interesting antimicrobial activity. Particularly, the Baylis-Hillman adducts 8-10 were found to have more potent antibacterial and antifungal activities than standard drugs namely chloramphenicol and nystatin respectively.
Astrotricoumarin, an antiproliferative 4′-hydroxy-2′,3′-dihydroprenylated methylcoumarin from an Astrotrichilia sp. from the Madagascar dry forest[1]
Authors: Harinantenaina Liva , Brodie Peggy J. , Callmander Martin W. , Randrianaivo Richard , Rakotonandrasana Stephan , Rasamison Vincent E. , Rakotobe Etienne , Kingston David G. I.
Published: March 2019

Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of a new endemic species of the genus Astrotrichilia led to the isolation of the new antiproliferative 3-(4′-hydroxy-2′,3′-dihydroprenyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methylcoumarin, named astrotricoumarin (8) with an IC50 value of 6.8 μM against the A2780 cell line. The structure of compound 8 was elucidated on the basis of its physical and spectroscopic data, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis.
Antifibrotic Constituents from Garcinia mangostana
Authors: Chin Young-Won , Shin Eunjin , Hwang Bang Yeon , Lee Mi Kyeong
Published: March 2019

From the CHCl3-soluble fraction of the fruits of Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae), six xanthone derivatives, α-mangostin (1), γ-mangostin (2), gartanin (3), deoxygartanin (4), 1-isomangstanin (5) and garcinone E (6), were isolated. All these compounds significantly inhibited HSC-T6 viability as assessed by employing HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells as an in vitro assay system. Among them, compounds 1 and 2, the most potent and major constituents of G. mangostana, inhibited HSC-T6 viability in dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 significantly reduced collagen content, a pathological characteristic of liver fibrosis. Taken together, G. mangostana and its constituents might be beneficial for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Chemical Investigation of Carrageenan from the Red alga Sarconema filiforme (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) of Indian Waters
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Mehta Gaurav K , Prasad Kamalesh , Meena Ramavtar , Siddhanta Arup K
Published: March 2019

Sulphated galactan (SFA) containing alpha (α), iota (í) and pyruvated α-carrageenans (17.6:18.8:25.3 mol %) was extracted and characterized from Sarconema filiforme of Indian waters. The SFA and its alkali modified derivative (SFAM) were composed of D-galactose, 3, 6-anhydro-D-galactose, 6- O-methylated-D-galactose (64.5:23.0:9.8 and 59.6:29.8:7.6 mol %) respectively. The linkage analysis, physicochemical analysis, infra red and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of SFA along with linkage analysis of the desulphated derivative (SFD) of SFA, reveals that it was a hybrid/combination of α/í carrageenan as well as 3-linked 4′,6 ‘-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-galactose (pyruvated α carrageenan) and 6 -O-methylated α-carrageenan. The flow behavior of SFA obtained from rheological measurements suggested strong network formation in presence of 1% aqueous KCl and CaCl2 solutions.
Volatile Components from Aerial parts of Centaurea gracilenta and C. ovina ssp. besserana Growing Wild in Bulgaria
Authors: Formisano Carmen , Rigano Daniela , Senatore Felice , Bancheva Svetlana , Bruno Maurizio , Maggio Antonella , Rosselli Sergio
Published: March 2019

The essential oils of Centaurea gracilenta Velen. (CG) and C. ovina Pall. ex Willd. ssp. besserana (DC.) Dostál (COB) growing wild in Bulgaria, were studied by GC and GC-MS. Forty-five compounds for CG, representing the 90.1% of the oil, and 68 compounds for COB, representing the 91.9% of the oil, were identified. The oils were rich in sesquiterpenoids (33.4% for CG and 27.3% for COB), hydrocarbons (28.3% for CG and 10.7% for COB) and carbonylic compounds (12.7% for CG and 13.1% for COB). Fatty acids were abundant only for COB (31.3%). β-Eudesmol (12.8%), nonacosane (11.8%) and p-vinyl guiacol (7.5%) were recognized as the main constituents for CG, while hexadecanoic acid (21.4%), spathulenol (7.9%), β-eudesmol (5.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.7%) were the main compounds for COB.
Antibacterial Activity and GC/MS Analysis of the Essential Oils from Flower, Leaf and Stem of Origanum vulgare ssp. viride Growing Wild in Northwest Iran
Authors: Shafaghat Ali
Published: March 2019

Essential oils obtained from flowers, leaves and stems of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. viride (Boiss.) Hayek., growing wild in Ardabil Province (northwest Iran), were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. β-Caryophyllene was the major constituent in all three oils (48.1%, 50.1% and 60.2%, respectively). Of the 19 components detected in the flower oil, comprising 96.3% of the total, the major components were 1,8-cineole (11.6%), α-pinene (6.9%), and γ,-cadinene (4.8%). 1-Octen-3-ol (23.8%), and 1,8-cineole (8.5%) predominated in the leaf oil. In the stem oil, other main constituents were bicyclogermacrene (9.8%), 1,8-cineole (6.4%), borneol (5.1%), and pinocarvone (4.4%). The essential oils were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against 10 selected microorganisms. The data obtained contribute to the future use of certain essential oils as natural preservatives for food products, due to their safety and positive effect on shelf life.
Antioxidant Capacity and Larvicidal and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils and Extracts from Piper krukoffii
Authors: da Silva Joyce Kelly R. , Andrade Eloisa Helena A. , Kato Massuo J. , Carreira Léa Maria M. , Guimarães Elsie F , Maia José Guilherme S.
Published: March 2019

The leaves and twigs of Piper krukoffii, collected in the Carajás National Forest, north Brazil, yielded essential oils (2.0% and 0.8%), the main constituents of which were myristicin (40.3% and 26.7%), apiole (25.4% and 34.1%) and elemicin (2.8% and 3.0%). The antioxidant activities of the oils, methanol extract and its sub-fractions were evaluated. The DPPH EC50 values varied from the ethyl acetate sub-fraction (73.4 ± 3.7 μg/mL) to the methanol extract (24.9 ± 0.8 μg/mL), and the ABTS TEAC values ranged in the same order from 265.7 to 349.2 μMol TE/g. These results indicated a significant antioxidant activity for the plant. The lignans (-)-kusunokin, yatein, (-)-hinokin and cubebin were identified in the methanol extract. The hydro-methanolic sub-fraction showed a high value for total phenol content (106.5 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g), as well as 1H NMR signals for sugar moieties. Crude extracts and sub-fractions were also able to inhibit β-carotene bleaching, varying from 22.4 to 47.1%. The oils from the leaves and twigs showed strong larvicidal (21.4 and 3.6 μg/mL) and fungicide (0.5 and 0.1 μg/mL) activities.
Antiphytoviral Activity of Essential Oil from Endemic Species Teucrium arduini
Authors: Dunkić Valerija , Bezić Nada , Vuko Elma
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of Teucrium arduini L. was characterized by a high concentration of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (43.8%) of which β-caryophyllene (19.9%) being the major compound, followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (19.6%) of which caryophyllene-oxide (14.6%) was dominant. When applied to plants of Chenopodium amaranticolor and Ch. quinoa for two successive days prior inoculation, the oil was effective in reducing lesion numbers on plants infected with Tobacco mosaic virus (25.7%) and Cucumber mosaic virus (21.9%). The main components of oil, β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide showed potent antiviral activity against CMV, but weak activity against TMV infection.
Neutralizing Effects of Nectandra angustifolia Extracts against Bothrops neuwiedi Snake Venom
Authors: Torres Ana M. , Camargo Francisco J. , Ricciardi Gabriela A. L. , Ricciardi Armando I. A. , Dellacassa Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Leaves extracts and essential oil of Nectandra angustifolia were explored for the first time for neutralization of Bothrops neuwiedi diporus snake venom. The ethanol extract was the most active and inhibited both venom activities (hemolytic and coagulant), while the oil was only active on the coagulant activity. These observations confirmed that certain medicinal plants from Corrientes and Chaco Provinces possess significant snake venom neutralizing capacity and need further examination for their active constituents. Analysis by GC and GC-MS of the essential oil and the enantiomeric excess found for α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene allowed a better characterization of this species.
Mining Invertebrate Natural Products for Future Therapeutic Treasure
Authors: Park Youmie
Published: March 2019

This review focuses on biologically active entities from invertebrate sources, especially snails. The reader will encounter several categories of compounds from snails including glycosaminoglycans, peptides, proteins (glycoproteins), and enzymes which possess diverse biological activities. Among glycosaminoglycans, acharan sulfate which was isolated from a giant African snail Acahtina fulica is reviewed extensively. Conotoxins which are also called conopeptides are unique peptide mixtures from marine cone snail. Conotoxins are secreted to capture its prey, and currently have the potential to be highly effective drug candidates. One of the conotoxins is now in the market as a pain killer. Proteins as well as glycoproteins in the snail are known to be involved in the host defense process from an attack of diverse pathogens. Carbohydrate-degrading enzymes characterized and purified in snails are introduced to give an insight into the applicability in glycobiology research such as synthesis and structure characterization of glycoconjugates. It seems that simple snails produce very complicated biological compounds which could be an invaluable source in future therapeutics as well as research areas in natural medicine.
Betalain: A Particular Class of Antioxidant Pigment
Authors: Gharras Hasna El
Published: March 2019

We have analyzed the stability of betalains in juices prepared from Moroccan yellow cactus pears ( Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.) as a function of temperature and pH. The experiments were carried out at temperatures ranging from 80 to 100°C with juices at pH 3.5, 5 and 6.5. The degree of pigment retention decreased when the temperature increased. The degradation constant rates were determined for thermal degradation rates of pseudo-first order. The Arrhenius plot obtained for the degradation of betaxanthin from the yellow fruits was not linear. Regardless of the temperature of treatment, the lowest degradation was obtained for pH 5. When some stabilizers were tested for the protection of pigments, the results showed that ascorbic acid was a better protective agent at pH 3.5, increasing the protection by 40%. The inhibitive action of betalain pigments extracted from cactus pears towards corrosion of stainless steel in phosphoric acid was investigated using electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. It was found that the presence of natural pigments reduces the corrosion rate of the tested metal, especially on addition of the red pigments (97%). The inhibition efficiency increases as the pigment concentration of extracts increases. It was also found that the pigments tested act as mixed inhibitors. The inhibitive action of the extracts is discussed in term of adsorption and that such adsorption follows a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The calculated values of the free energy of adsorption indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous.
In Vitro Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Tephrosia purpurea Shoot Extract
Authors: Nile Shivraj H. , Khobragade Chandrahasy N.
Published: March 2019

The methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea (Leguminosae) shoots was evaluated in-vitro for its anti-inflammatory and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the Diene-conjugate, HET-CAM and β-glucuronidase methods. The enzyme inhibitory activity was tested against isolated cow milk xanthine oxidase. The average anti-inflammatory activity of T. purpurea shoot extract in the concentration range of 1-2 μg/mL in the reacting system revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities, which, as recorded by the Diene-conjugate, HET-CAM and β-glucuronidase assay methods, were 45.4, 10.5, and 70.5%, respectively. Screening of the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the extract in terms of kinetic parameters revealed a mixed type of inhibition, wherein the Km and Vmax values in the presence of 25 to 100 μg/mL shoot extract was 0.20 mM/mL and 0.035, 0.026, 0.023 and 0.020 μg/min, while, for the positive control, the Km and Vmax values were 0.21 mM/mL and 0.043 μg/min, respectively. These findings suggest that T. purpurea shoot extract may possess constituents with good medicinal properties that could be exploited to treat the diseases associated with oxidative stress, xanthine oxidase enzyme activity and inflammation.
Analytical Evaluation of Three Wild Growing Omani Medicinal Plants
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Asif , Al-Maskri Ahmed Yahya , Al-Mahruqi Zeyana Mohammed Hamed , Al-sabahi Jamal Nasser , Al-Azkawi Ahlam , Al-Maskari Masoud Yahya
Published: March 2019

Three wild Omani plants, Moringa peregrina, Acacia nilotica and Rhazya stricta, were selected for the present study. Na, K and Ca contents were determined using flame photometric analysis. M. peregrina seeds (22.5 mg/g) and pods (27.7 mg/g) had higher Na contents than A. nilotica (0.33 mg/g) and R. stricta (0.30 mg/g), whereas the K and Ca contents of R. stricta were significantly higher than those of the other two plants. The protein content was lowest in R. stricta (9.8%) and highest in M. peregrina seeds (21.0%). The highest total phenolic contents (TPC) were found in M. peregrina seeds (350.3 mg/g) and the lowest in A. nilotica (66.1 mg/g). The major component of M. peregrina seed oil was oleic acid (74.7%). Gas chromatographic – mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS) revealed that octadecanal (30.9%) was the major compound in A. nilotica. The presence of various phenolics and flavonoids in M. peregrina, A. nilotica and R. stricta were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Benefits of Environmental Conditions for Growing Coriander in Banat Region, Serbia
Authors: Acimovic Milica , Oljaca Snezana , Jacimovic Goran , Drazic Slobodan , Tasic Slavoljub
Published: March 2019

As one of the oldest multipurpose plants (spice, aromatic, honey and medicinal), coriander is widespread across Europe. Although in Serbia there are favorable conditions for its growth and development, it is grown on relatively small areas. During both investigated years it took more than 1200°C for transfer from vegetative to generative phase of development and over 2000°C for it to be ready for harvesting. Coriander is a photophilic plant, which requires around 1000 hours of light from sowing to ripening.. As for humidity, coriander grows well, if there are more than 200 mm of rainfall during growing season. In 2009. and 2010., the experiment carried out at the experimental field in Ostojićevo (Banat, Vojvodina province, Serbia) monitored the effect of parameters mentioned above on development of coriander plants, seed yield and essential oil content. The average yields of 1866 kg ha−1 (2009) and 2470 kg ha−1 (2010), and relatively high content of essential oil (1,06 % in both years) indicate a great potential of this plant species in Serbia, which is, however, greatly dependent on environmental conditions during year.
Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Pistacia lentiscus Used in Moroccan Folkloric Medicine
Authors: Mharti Fatima Zohra , Lyoussi Badiaa , Abdellaoui Abdelfattah
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus, collected from the middle Atlas in Morocco, was analyzed by GC and GC–MS. Altogether 43 components in concentrations of more than 0.2% were identified representing 97.4% of the oil composition. The main constituents were germanicol (12.8%), thunbergol (8.8%), himachalene (7.4%), trans-squalene (6.7%), terpinyl propionate (6.7%), 3,3-dimenthol (6.2%) and cadina-1.4-diene (5.1%). The oils showed strong activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, but no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Essential Oil Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus tournefortii from Algeria
Authors: Bendeddouche Mansouria Souria , Benhassaini Hachemi , Hazem Zouaoui , Romane Abderrahmane
Published: March 2019

The volatile compounds obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Rosmarinus tournefortii De Noé. growing wild in the occidental region of Algeria were analyzed by GC/MS. Thirty-six compounds were characterized representing 95.6% of the essential oil, with camphor (37.6%), 1,8-cineole (10.0%), p-cymene-7-ol (7.8%), and borneol (5.4%) as the major components. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against three pathogenic bacteria: Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; mg/mL) was determined by sub-culture on Muller Hinton agar plates. The essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and was also active against Staphylococcus aureus.
Antifungal Activity of Plumericin and Isoplumericin
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Sharma Umakant , Kumar Parveen , Gupta Yogesh K , Dobhal M. P. , Singh Sarman
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor and its phytoconstituents plumericin and isoplumericin against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Plumericin's consistently high activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans was more potent than isoplumericin and the standard antifungal drug nystatin suggesting its potential as a drug candidate for candidiasis and cryptococcosis.
A New Diacylated Labdane Diterpenoid from Andrographis wightiana
Authors: Sudhana Jalli Madhu , Munikishore Rachakunta , Reddy Mopuru Vijayabhaskar , Gunasekar Duvvuru , Blond Alain , Bodo Bernard
Published: March 2019

A new acylated labdane diterpenoid, 14-deoxy-3,19-diacetyl-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (1), together with three known labdane diterpenoids, wightionolide (2), andrographolide (3) and neoandrographolide (4), and three known flavones, echioidinin (5), skullcapflavone I 2′-methyl ether (6) and echioidin (7), were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis wightiana. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and extensive 2D-NMR spectral studies.
X-ray Crystallographic Study of Ranaconitine
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Jun-Hui , Han Gui-Jun , Wang Min-Juan , Sun Wen-Ji , Zhao Ye
Published: March 2019

The crystal structure of natural diterpenoid alkaloid ranaconitine isolated from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal presents a monoclinic system, space group C2 with Z = 4, unit cell dimensions a = 30.972(19) Å, b = 7.688(5) Å, and c = 19.632(12) Å. Moreover, the intermolecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds and weak π-π interactions play a critical role in expanding the dimensionality.
Obscurine: A New Cyclostachine Acid Derivative from Beilschmiedia obscura
Authors: Lenta Bruno Ndjakou , Chouna Jean Rodolphe , Nkeng-Efouet Pepin Alango , Kimbu Samuel Fon , Tsamo Etienne , Sewald Norbert
Published: March 2019

From the methylene chloride extract of the stem bark of Beilschmiedia obscura, a new cyclostachine derivative, obscurine (1), has been isolated, together with six known compounds. The structure of compound 1 was established by spectroscopic methods, including 1- and 2-dimensional NMR techniques.
On-line (HPLC-NMR) and Off-line Phytochemical Profiling of the Australian Plant, Lasiopetalum macrophyllum
Authors: Timmers Michael , Urban Sylvia
Published: March 2019

On-line (HPLC-NMR) and off-line (HPLC, NMR and MS) methodologies were used to profile the constituents present in the crude extract of Lasiopetalum macrophyllum. On-flow and stop-flow HPLC-NMR supported the presence of trans-tiliroside and permitted partial identification of cis-tiliroside and 4′-methoxy- trans-tiliroside. Off-line isolation led to the unequivocal identification of four flavanoid glycosides including a new structural derivative, 4′-methoxy- cis-tiliroside. This is the first report of flavonoid glycosides occurring in this plant genus. In addition, a number of structure revisions have been proposed for previously reported flavonoid glycosides that were incorrectly assigned.
Chemical Fingerprint Analysis of Phenolics of Albizia chinensis Based on Ultra-Performance LC-Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Chaudhary Abha , Kaur Pushpinder , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Bikram , Awasthi Shiv , Lal Brij
Published: March 2019

Albizia species have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. However, efficient analytical methods for identification of their active constituents are still lacking. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used to study the phenolic composition of the ethanolic extracts of different parts (flowers, leaves, pods and bark) of A. chinensis. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging methods. Four compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the flowers and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as quercetin-3- O-rhamnoside, quercetin, quercetin-3- O-arabinofuranoside, and myricetin-3- O-rhamnoside. Separation and quantification of the phenolics was accomplished using a reversed-phase BEH C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol–water (0.05% formic acid), and detection wavelengths of 360 and 254 nm.
New Acylated Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids from the Red Flowers of Clematis Cultivars
Authors: Hashimoto Masanori , Suzuki Toshisada , Iwashina Tsukasa
Published: March 2019

Six new acylated cyanidin glycosides, cyanidin 3- O-β-(2′′- E-caffeoylglucopyranosyl)-(1→2)- O-β-galactopyranoside (1), cyanidin 3- O-β-(2′′- E-caffeoylglucopyranosyl)-(1→2)- O-β-(6′′-malonylgalactopyranoside) (2), cyanidin 3- O-β-(2′′- E-caffeoylglucopyranosyl)- (1→2)- O-β-(6″-succinylgalactopyranoside) (3), cyanidin 3- O-β-(2′'- E-caffeoylglucopyranosyl)-(1→2)- O-β-galactopyranoside-3′- O-β-glucuronopyranoside (4), cyanidin 3- O-β-(2′′- E-caffeoylglucopyranosyl)-(1→2)- O-β-(6′'-malonylgalactopyranoside)-3′- O-β-glucuronopyranoside (5), and cyanidin 3- O-β-(2′'- E-feruloylglucopyranosyl)-(1→2)- O-β-(6′'-malonylgalactoside)-3′- O-β-glucuronopyranoside (6), were isolated from the red flowers of two Clematis cultivars, ‘Niobe'and ‘Madame Julia Correvon'. The chemical structures of the isolated anthocyanins were determined by UV, LC-MS, HPLC, TLC, characterization of hydrolysates, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including H-H COSY, C-H COSY, HMBC, HMQC and NOESY. The last three anthocyanins were widely distributed in 37 red flower Clematis cultivars. On the other hand, the first three compounds were found only in two cultivars. Five known flavonol glycosides, kaempferol 3- O-glucoside, kaempferol 3- O-rutinoside, quercetin 3- O-galactoside, quercetin 3- O-glucoside and quercetin 3- O-rutinoside, were isolated from the flowers of ‘Madame Julia Correvon'.
Prenylated Isoflavonoids from Rhynchosia edulis
Authors: Ogungbe Ifedayo V. , Hill Gabrielle M. , Crouch Rebecca A. , Vogler Bernhard , Nagarkoti Meenakshi , Haber William A. , Setzer William N.
Published: March 2019

Four new prenylated isoflavones, rhynedulins A-C (1-3) and rhynedulinal (4), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane bark extract of Rhynchosia edulis. Five previously described compounds, scandenal, ulexin B, cajanone, cajanin, and cyclochandalone, were also isolated. These isoflavonoids showed weak inhibitory activity towards rhodesain, the major cathepsin-L like protease in Trypanosoma brucei. They also have weak antiproliferative activity towards MCF-7 cells.
A Comparison of the Diastereoisomers, Silybin A and Silybin B, on the Induction of Apoptosis in K562 cells
Authors: Zhang Jiyong , Luan Qiuying , Liu Yanze , Lee David Y-W , Wang Zhao
Published: March 2019

Two diastereoisomers of silybin, silybin A and silybin B, were separated from silymarin by HPLC in our previous study. The present study assessed the effects of the diastereoisomers on cell apoptosis, and compared these with their mixture, silybin, in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. Both isomers showed stronger effects on cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction than silybin. Compared with silybin B, silybin A showed higher effects on the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca2+. These results suggest that silybin A and silybin B have similar potency on apoptosis induction with different oxidative effects. Antagonistic effects may exist between silybin A and silybin B, partially through ROS production and Ca2+ increase.
Effects of pH, Sample Size, and Solvent Partitioning on Recovery of Soluble Phenolic Acids and Isoflavonoids in Leaves and Stems of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense cv. Kenland)
Authors: Kagan Isabelle A.
Published: March 2019

Several extraction parameters were tested to determine optimal conditions for extracting phenolics from leaves and stems of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L. cv. Kenland), with the goal of using extracts in bioassays and in assessment of phenolic profiles. HPLC-UV profiles were compared before and after partitioning a methanolic extract of soluble phenolics with ethyl acetate-ethyl ether (1:1, v/v). The effect of extract pH on the partitioning of phenolics into the ethyl acetate-ethyl ether (EtOAc-Et2O) phase was evaluated, and several tissue weights were extracted to determine a minimum amount that could be extracted without loss of information. HPLC profiles of soluble phenolics were similar in the methanolic extracts and the partitioned EtOAc-Et2O extracts. However, recoveries in unpartitioned extracts were 2- to 4-fold greater than in the acidified, partitioned extracts. Also, recovery was considerably affected by the pH to which extracts were adjusted prior to partitioning. In extracts acidified to pH 2, recoveries were 2- to 7-fold higher than in extracts partitioned at pH 6. In extracts prepared from 250, 120, or 60 mg of tissue, peak areas of methanolic extracts were directly proportional to the amount of tissue extracted.
Quinic Acids from Aster caucasicus and from Transgenic Callus Expressing a β-Amyrin Synthase§
Authors: Pecchia Paola , Cammareri Maria , Malafronte Nicola , Consiglio M. Federica , Gualtieri Maria Josefina , Conicella Clara
Published: March 2019

Several different classes of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins and quinic acid derivatives, are found in Aster spp. (Fam. Asteraceae). Several Aster compounds revealed biological as well as pharmacological activities. In this work, a phytochemical investigation of A. caucasicus evidenced the presence of quinic acid derivatives, as well as the absence of triterpene saponins. To combine in one species the production of different phytochemicals, including triterpenes, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of A. caucasicus was set up to introduce A. sedifolius β-amyrin synthase (AsOXA1)-encoding gene under the control of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. The quali-quantitative analysis of transgenic calli with ectopic expression of AsOXA1 showed, in one sample, a negligible amount of triterpene saponins combined with higher amount of quinic acid derivatives as compared with the wild type callus.
Cytotoxic Activity and Cell Cycle Analysis of Hexahydrocurcumin on SW 480 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Chung-Yi , Yang Woei-Ling , Kuo Soong-Yu
Published: March 2019

The cytotoxicity of hexahydrocurcumin and its effect on the cell cycle in human colorectal cancer cells SW480 has been studied for the first time. The compound, extracted from Zingiber officinale, was shown to be cytotoxic to colorectal cancer cells. Treatment of SW480 cells with hexahydrocurcumin (100 μM) resulted in a massive accumulation of the cells in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. The cytotoxic effect of hexahydrocurcumin may prove useful in cancer prevention.
Does the Combination of Resveratrol with Al (III) and Zn (II) Improve its Antioxidant Activity?
Authors: Dias Karina , Nikolaou Sofia
Published: March 2019

This communication describes the in situ combination of Al(III) and Zn(II) with resveratrol, and evaluation of the antioxidant power of the novel species via DPPH• assay. The formation of the complexes in aqueous medium was verified by Job's method, using fluorescence spectroscopy. The metal / ligand stoichiometry for the Zn(II) / resveratrol complex was found to be 1:2 and, for the Al(III) / resveratrol complex two preferential species were formed with 1:1 and 3:1 stoichiometries. The compounds were also studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Their antioxidant activity, evaluated by a scavenging assay using DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), demonstrated that the combined species are more effective free radical scavengers than free resveratrol. The electrochemical behavior of the complexes revealed the occurrence of irreversible oxidation processes, which take place at a lower potential than that observed with free resveratrol. These results indicate that metallic complexes of this natural product have a higher antioxidant power than resveratrol alone.
Photosensitization Mechanisms of Triplet Excited State β-Lapachone. A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Shen Liang
Published: March 2019

β-Lapachone is a natural product with multiple pharmacological activities and mechanistic studies indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by β-lapachone play significant roles in its pharmacological actions. As photosensitization is an important ROS-generating pathway, in the present work, the photosensitization mechanisms of β-lapachone are explored on the basis of density functional theory estimated triplet excited state characters. Starting from triplet excited state β-lapachone, the possible generating pathways of 1O2 and O2·– are elucidated and the solvent effects on the photosensitizing reactions are also discussed.
Effects of Sideritis euboea (Lamiaceae) Aqueous Extract on IL-6, OPG and RANKL Secretion by Osteoblasts
Authors: Kassi Eva , Paliogianni Anna , Dontas Ismene , Aligiannis Nektarios , Halabalaki Maria , Papoutsi Zoi , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros , Moutsatsou Paraskevi
Published: March 2019

The water extract obtained from the aerial parts of Sideritis euboea (Lamiaceae), which is known in Greece as ‘mountain tea’, was investigated by determining the in vitro effect of this extract on the IL-6, OPG and RANKL secretion by osteoblasts, three important molecules in osteoblast-osteoclast interplay. The results showed that this extract reduced significantly the secretion of IL-6 by KS-483 osteoblasts, while it also suppressed RANKL secretion, with both effects being dose-dependent and more potent at the higher concentrations tested (50, 100 μg/mL). We further determined the chemical profile of the extract by applying an analytical U-HPLC-DAD-ESIMS/MS method using the high resolution hybrid LTQ-Orbitrap Discovery spectrometer. An ESI source in negative mode was employed. The analysis indicated that the water extract of S. euboea is rich in flavonoid glycosides, and phenylpropanoid glycosides.
Antimicrobial Investigation of Linum usitatissimum for the Treatment of Acne
Authors: Nand Pratibha , Drabu Sushma , Gupta Rajinder K
Published: March 2019

Light petroleum, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of Linum usitatissimum were investigated using GC/MS. The main components of three sequential extracts were methyl linolenate (11.9-33.9%) and methyl linoleate (3.4-9.1%). Components possessing antimicrobial activity against acne causing bacteria, namely α-linolenic acid (7.0 -7.1%), α-terpinene (1.7-3.1%), terpinen-4-ol (1.3-4.6%), 4-cymene (1.6-7.1%) and α-pinene (1.1%), were found in varying amounts. Antimicrobial screening indicated that the light petroleum extract was more active against aerobic and anaerobic test strains with a MIC value of 1.25 mg/mL and a MBC of 2.5 mg/mL against S. aureus and P. acnes. A MIC of 2.5 mg/mL was observed against S. epidermidis.
Chemical and Biological Diversity in Fourteen Selections of Four Ocimum Species
Authors: Rao Bhaskaruni R. Rajeswara , Kothari Sushil K. , Rajput Dharmendra K. , Patel Rajendra P. , Darokar Mahendra P.
Published: March 2019

Biomass, essential oil yield, essential oil composition diversity, and antibacterial and antifungal activities of 14 selections of 4 Ocimum species [ Ocimum basilicum L. (selections: T1-T10), O. gratissimum L. (selections: T11-T12), O. tenuflorum L.f., syn. O. sanctum L. (selection: T13) and O. kilimandscharicum Baker ex. Guerke (selection: T14)] were investigated. O. basilicum selections T9 (methyl chavicol: 87.0%) and T10 {( Z)- and ( E)-methyl cinnamate: 69.1%} produced higher biomass (67.8 and 56.7 t/ha) and oil (203.4 and 141.7 kg/ha) yields relative to 8 (T1-T8) linalool (up to 58.9%), or methyl chavicol (up to 61.8%) rich selections. O. gratissimum selection T12 (eugenol: 84.1%, 254.6 kg/ha oil yield) was significantly superior to T11 (62.1% eugenol and 18.4% camphor). O. tenuiflorum (T13, methyl eugenol: 72.5%) and O. kilimandscharicum (T14, camphor: 51.7%) produced 171.7 and 96.2 kg/ha essential oil, respectively. The essential oils exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial (against 5 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal (against 10 fungi) activities. The bacterial species Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungal species Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, and Sporothrix schenckii were more sensitive to the essential oils.
Environmental Effect on Essential Oil Composition of Aloysia citriodora from Corrientes (Argentina)
Authors: Ricciardi Gabriela , Torres Ana Maria , Bubenik Ana Laura , Ricciardi Armando , Lorenzo Daniel , Dellacassa Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Lemon verbena ( Aloysia citriodora Palau) is indigenous to South America and was introduced into Europe. It is cultivated mainly due to the lemon-like aroma emitted from its leaves, which are utilized for the preparation of herbal tea reputed to have antispasmodic, antipyretic, sedative and digestive properties. In this work we introduce the enantiomeric distribution of sabinene and limonene by bidimensional gas chromatography (chiral GC-GC) as a genuine quantitative parameter in order to improve the knowledge so far available on A. citriodora oil. Multivariate analysis afforded information on the similarities and differences of wild and cultivated A. citriodora populations during different seasons in the same environmental conditions. The results indicated that it was possible to discard the environmental and seasonal effect on the chemical composition of A. citriodora for wild and cultivated materials belonging to the same genetic origin.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Fatty Acid Components of Flower, Leaf, Stem and Seed of Hypericum scabrum
Authors: Shafaghat Ali
Published: March 2019

The hexane extracts of flower, leaf, stem, and seed of Hypericum scabrum, which were collected from northwestern Iran, were obtained by extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The fatty acids were converted to methyl esters and determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. The hexane extract from the flower, leaf, stem, and seed contained 39.1%, 43.2%, 29.0%, and 37.6% of omega-3 fatty acids, respectively. The other main components of the flower extract were tetracosane (12.2%) and palmitic acid (9.3%), and that of the leaf extract was palmitic acid (7.4%). The stem and seed extracts contained bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (18.7% and 35.7%), nonacosane (11.7% and 3.9%) and linoleic acid (6.5% and 6.9%) as major components. The hexane extracts of different parts from H. scabrum represent an important source of omega-3 fatty acids in several Hypericum species. The antioxidant activity of all hexane extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The results indicate that hexane extracts from different parts of H. scabrum possess considerable antioxidant activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was detected in seed, which had an IC50 = 165 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of those samples were determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi ( Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that the oil exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. This study reveals that the all parts of this plant are attractive sources of fatty acid components, especially the essential ones, as well as of effective natural antioxidants.