bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Early Health Status Benefits of Successful Chronic Total Occlusion Recanalization
Authors: Grantham J. Aaron , Jones Philip G. , Cannon Louis , Spertus John A.
Published: April 2010

Background—

Data on the health status benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs), a principal indication for the procedure, are lacking.

Methods and Results—

In the FlowCardia Approach to CTO Recanalization (FACTOR) trial, patients (n=125) completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at baseline and 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervenion. One-month health status outcomes were compared by multivariable analysis, adjusting for group differences between those whose CTO was successfully and unsuccessfully recanalized. These changes were also analyzed according to baseline symptoms. Procedural success was 55% (n=64) and independently associated with angina relief (difference between those with successful and unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention [Δ] in SAQ angina frequency=9.5 points; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 17.5;
P
=0.019), improved physical function (Δ in SAQ physical limitation=13.1 points; 95% confidence interval, 5.1 to 21.1;
P
=0.001), and enhanced quality of life (Δ in SAQ quality of life [QoL]=20.3 points; 95% confidence interval, 11.9 to 28.6;
P
<0.001). The benefit of successful percutaneous coronary intervention was greatest in symptomatic patients as compared with asymptomatic patients although statistically significantly so only for QoL (ΔSAQ angina frequency domain=10.3 versus 4.3 points,
P
=0.51, Δphysical limitation =15.9 versus 6.3 points,
P
=0.25; ΔQoL=27.3 versus 8.5 points,
P
=0.047).

Conclusions—

Successful CTO recanalization is associated with significant early improvements in patient symptoms, function, and QoL but only among symptomatic patients. Percutaneous treatment of a CTO offers the potential to provide significant health status benefits in symptomatic patients.
Stakeholder Theory and Justice Issues: The Leap from Business Management to Contemporary International Law
Authors: Matwijkiw Bronik , Matwijkiw Anja
Published: April 2010

In this article, the two authors examine the leap from business management to contemporary international law in the context of stakeholder theory. Because stakeholder theory was developed for business management, they provide a thorough account of the original framework. Furthermore, to illustrate the theory's application as a recently adopted parameter for the United Nations, they use former Secretary-General Kofi Atta Annan's 2004-report to the Security Council, "The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies". Proceeding on the hypothesis that while all premises ultimately match traditional positions in general jurisprudence, it appears that stakeholder theory nevertheless forces the United Nations to take sides in an unprecedented manner, especially pertaining to rights-typology and the credentials-checking for this. Finally, some of the most important implications are distilled as part of an attempt to formulate a few recommendations for United Nations justice managers and administrators.
Type I Error Inflation for Detecting DIF in the Presence of Impact
Authors: DeMars Christine E.
Published: April 2010

In this brief explication, two challenges for using differential item functioning (DIF) measures when there are large group differences in true proficiency are illustrated. Each of these difficulties may lead to inflated Type I error rates, for very different reasons. One problem is that groups matched on observed score are not necessarily well matched on true proficiency, which may result in the false detection of DIF due to inaccurate matching. The other problem is that a model that does not allow for a nonzero asymptote can produce what seems to be DIF. These issues have been discussed separately in the literature earlier. This article brings them together in a nontechnical form.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Scales for Diagnosing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (SCALES)
Authors: Ryser Gail R. , Campbell Hilary L. , Miller Brian K.
Published: April 2010

The diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have evolved over time with current versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, (4th edition), text revision, ( DSM-IV-TR) suggesting that two constellations of symptoms may be present alone or in combination. The SCALES instrument for diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. For both the home and school versions, a two-factor structure comprising items designed to measure inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity showed best fit to the data. A three-factor model splitting the hyperactivity and impulsivity items onto separate factors resulted in similar fit, but with a correlation between these two factors of .94 on both versions of the instrument. The two-factor structure is preferred, lending support for the DSM-IV-TR criteria.
An Empirical Analysis of Team Coordination Behaviors and Action Planning With Application to Human–Robot Teaming
Authors: Shah Julie , Breazeal Cynthia
Published: April 2010

Objective: We conducted an empirical analysis of human teamwork to investigate the ways teammates incorporate coordination behaviors, including verbal and nonverbal cues, into their action planning. Background: In space, military, aviation, and medical industries, teams of people effectively coordinate to perform complex tasks under stress induced by uncertainty, ambiguity, and time pressure. As robots increasingly are introduced into these domains, we seek to understand effective human-team coordination to inform natural and effective human-robot coordination. Method: We conducted teamwork experiments in which teams of two people performed a complex task, involving ordering, timing, and resource constraints. Half the teams performed under time pressure, and half performed without time pressure. We cataloged the coordination behaviors used by each team and analyzed the speed of response and specificity of each coordination behavior. Results: Analysis shows that teammates respond to explicit cues, including commands meant to control actions, more quickly than implicit cues, which include short verbal and gestural attention getters and status updates. Analysis also shows that nearly all explicit cues and implicit gestural cues were used to refer to one specific action, whereas approximately half of implicit cues did not often refer to one specific action. Conclusion: These results provide insight into how human teams use coordination behaviors in their action planning. For example, implicit cues seem to offer the teammate flexibility on when to perform the indicated action, whereas explicit cues seem to demand immediate response. Application: We discuss how these findings inform the design of more natural and fluid human-robot teaming.
Predictors of parenting concern in a Mother and Baby Unit over a 10-year period
Authors: Whitmore Jennifer , Heron Jessica , Wainscott Gillian
Published: April 2010

Aims: To review the characteristics of 462 mothers consecutively admitted to a co-joined mother and baby unit and to examine the incidence and predictors of social services input and separate discharge.

Method: Admissions to the Birmingham Mother and Baby Unit from 1998 to 2007 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical information, social services involvement and parenting outcome data were collected from case notes and computerized records.

Results: One hundred and forty six (146) women received some form of social services input (32%); 44 cases of separate discharge were identified (10%). Diagnosis, involuntary admission, single status, younger age, Afro-Caribbean ethnicity and social services referral predicted parenting concern. Only 9% of separations were to women suffering a new postpartum mental illness; most were to women experiencing the continuation of an existing illness. Poor parenting skills, absence of a good partner relationship and alcohol/substance misuse were frequently reported in those discharged without their baby.

Conclusion: The incidence of separate discharge is lower than in other studies. Potential reasons for this difference are discussed. Further work must be conducted to understand the social inequities and regional differences in social service intervention during perinatal psychiatric admission and determine if parenting outcomes can be improved in women at risk of separation.
Canada: Psychosis in the Immigrant Caribbean Population
Authors: Seeman Mary V.
Published: April 2010

Background: Many reports from European countries suggest that acute episodes of psychosis are more frequent among immigrants from the Caribbean than among their non-immigrant peers.

Aim: The aim of this selective review is to examine how the social correlates of migration to Canada interact with biological mechanisms to contribute to psychosis in the Caribbean population.

Method: PubMed and JSTOR social science databases (between 1966 and 2010) were searched using the following search terms: psychiatric genetics; dopamine pathways; Caribbean family structure and child rearing; cannabis and psychosis; obstetric complications and schizophrenia; social defeat; social capital; racial discrimination; urbanicity; immigration; assimilation; and immigration. This was followed by the cross-checking of references pertinent to Canada.

Results: There was no information about the prevalence of psychosis in Afro-Caribbean immigrant groups to Canada. There was a suggestion that the form the acute episode takes may differ, depending perhaps on the island of origin.

Conclusion: Ethnicity and migration influence susceptibility and response to psychotic illness in a number of distinct and interacting ways depending both on the host country and the country of origin. Understanding the pathways can help to protect the health of immigrants.
Ethnic Identity Development and Acculturation: A Longitudinal Analysis of Mexican-Heritage Youth in the Southwest United States
Authors: Matsunaga Masaki , Hecht Michael L. , Elek Elvira , Ndiaye Khadidiatou
Published: April 2010

Utilizing part of the survey data collected for a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)— funded project from 29 public elementary schools in Phoenix, Arizona ( N = 1,600), this study explored the underlying structure of Mexican-heritage youths’ ethnic identity and cultural/ linguistic orientation. Latent profile and transition analyses identified four distinct orientation profiles endorsed by the early adolescents and their developmental trends across four time points. Most Mexican and Mexican American adolescents endorsed bicultural profiles with developmental trends characterized by widespread stasis and transitions toward greater ethnic identity exploration. Multinominal logistic regression analyses revealed associations between profile endorsement and adolescents’ gender, socioeconomic status, parents’ birthplace, and visits outside the United States. These findings are discussed in regard to previous findings on acculturation and ethnic identity development. Individuals’ adaptation to the immediate local environment is noted as a possible cause of prevalent biculturalism. Limitations and future directions for the research on ethnic identity development and acculturation are also discussed.
Cultural Self-Construals of Mexican, Spanish, and Danish College Students: Beyond Independent and Interdependent Self
Authors: Santamaría Andrés , de la Mata Manuel L. , Hansen Tia G. B. , Ruiz Lucía
Published: April 2010

Cross-cultural research over the past two decades has shown very important differences in self-construal. However, the comparison of a wider range of cultures is needed to further understanding into this relationship. In contrast to Markus and Kitayama’s distinction between independent and interdependent self-construal, authors such as Matsumoto, Kagitçibasi, and Oyserman and colleagues have defended a more complex, multidimensional, and situated perspective on self-construal. Recent studies using the Twenty Statement Test (TST) as a measure of self-construal have supported this multidimensional view of the construct. The current study explored self-descriptions in college students from three different countries (Denmark, Spain, and Mexico) by using a shortened version of the TST. The results evidenced some unexpected cultural differences in self-construal. Danish participants referred proportionally less to private and personal attributes and qualities than their Mexican and Spanish participants, and they made more references to interdependence and responsiveness to other. Results do not fit with some basic assumptions of Markus and Kitayama’s theory and give support to the view of self-construal as multidimensional and with variations associated with personal and situational factors.
From Gist of a Wink to Structural Equivalence of Meaning: Towards a Cross-Cultural Psychology of the Collective Remembering of World History
Authors: Liu James H. , Paez Dario , Techio Elza , Slawuta Patricia , Zlobina Anya , Cabecinhas Rosa
Published: April 2010

Gibson and Noret’s (2010 [this issue]) critique of Paez et al.’s (2008) article on “remembering” World War II and willingness to fight applies social constructionist epistemologies based on hermeneutics to large-scale cross-cultural research. In criticizing our operationalization of historical experience, they privilege micro-analysis of discursive features that cannot be applied equally to different cultures; with regards to remembering, they identify the context-specific evocation of a particular aspect of collective remembering with collective memory in general. Their criticism of the wording of the central question on willingness to fight for one’s country is misplaced because this item comes from country-level data from the World Values Survey. Our work, involving 3,322 participants from 22 societies with at least 14 different majority languages, provides analysis of a general phenomenon and cannot be expected to incorporate micro-analysis of local discursive features. Cross-cultural psychology has advanced into a position of international prominence by using quantitative measures to construct nomological or associational networks that create complementary (and alternative) conceptions of meaning to the “thick descriptions” of ethnography favored by cultural anthropology. A division of labor with respect to these fields and across projects is recommended.
Entering Our Fifth Decade: An Analysis of the Influence of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology During Its First Forty Years of Publication
Authors: Lonner Walter J. , Smith Peter B. , van de Vijver Fons J. R. , Murdock Elke
Published: April 2010

The role of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology ( JCCP) over the past 40 years in enhancing attention to cultural issues within psychology is discussed. Analyses are presented showing frequencies over the past decade with which JCCP authors cite other journals and frequencies with which authors in other journals cite JCCP authors. JCCP’s impact factor over four decades is compared with other relevant journals. Increased coverage in recent years of cultural issues in introductory psychology texts is documented. The journal has been successful as one of the leading outlets for cross-cultural studies and has achieved substantial influence, as measured by citations in relevant literature, in establishing the role culture plays in a broad variety of psychological issues and perspectives.
Aging Matters: Humanistic and Transpersonal Approaches to Psychotherapy With Elders With Dementia
Authors: Spalding Matthew , Khalsa Puran
Published: April 2010

The purpose of this study is to discern the relevant and effective components of existential and process-work approaches to the clinical treatment of elderly clients with dementia. This study explores how these specific humanistic and transpersonal approaches to this population’s presenting concerns represent unique alternatives to the mainstream medical model of dementia treatment that pejoratively frames dementia as a mental illness. Ten therapist interns at two of Pacific Institute’s assisted living facilities in San Francisco, CA, were interviewed using open-ended questions designed to elicit detailed accounts of their clinical work using these two therapeutic modalities. The interview transcripts were coded using a qualitative thematic analysis methodology and computer software assistance to identify prominent factors that influenced the therapy, including therapist attitudes, embodiments, clinical conceptualizations, interventions, and impediments to effective treatment. These research results systematically thematize the prominent aspects of existential and process-work approaches in working with older people with mild to advanced symptoms of dementia. It is hoped that this study will inform further exploration of these effective therapeutic modalities in diverse clinical populations and settings.
Dry Sand Erosion Damage Characteristic of Fibers Induced by Solid Particle Impact
Authors: Limin Bao  , Sato Yasuyuki , Danna Qian  , Simakawa Satoshi , Hinata Shigeru , Zhijuan Pan
Published: April 2010

Bag filters made of fibrous components are widely used for cleaning exhaust gas. Filter damage caused by dust collection results from the erosion of the filter during particle collision. We developed an experimental and evaluation method to investigate the erosion characteristics of fibers. Using the suggested kinetic energy of impact, we evaluated the erosion wear characteristics of fibers under different experimental conditions. The results demonstrated that fiber erosion wear depended on the kinetic energy of impact. The level of erosion wear changes based on the material characteristics (brittle or ductile) and on the impact angle of solid particles. In addition, erosion characteristics are greatly influenced by strength and elongation properties of materials.
Steps Towards a Textile-Based Transistor: Development of the Gate and Insulating Layer
Authors: Schwarz A. , Cardoen J. , Westbroek P. , Van Langenhove L. , Bruneel E. , Van Driessche I. , Hakuzimana J.
Published: April 2010

During recent years, intensive research has been carried out in the area of electronic textiles. There is an emerging trend to create garments that host electronic components embedded in the textile substrate, as well as electronic textiles made from yarns or fibers already possessing electronic properties. The creation of passive devices, such as textile electrodes that measure body parameters, has proved successful. However, there is a great need for the development of textiles possessing additional active functions. Accordingly, we investigated the possibility of developing a textile substrate possessing integrated switching and amplification functions by depositing parts of an organic thin-film transistor on fibrous substrates of varying geometries and origins.

This article relates the initial steps we employed to develop a textile-based thin-film transistor. It reports the development of a gate layer from the deposition of electroless copper, as well as the deposition of a polyimide dielectric layer using dip coating. Further, it discusses the layer’s properties in terms of thickness and electrical characteristics.

A copper layer of 350 nm thickness deposited on polyester tape and polyamide fibers displayed excellent electro-conductive properties. A smooth gate dielectric layer was achieved with a polyimide concentration of 15 w% and a withdrawal speed of 50 mm/min. As a result, optimum conditions for producing thin functional gate and dielectric layers were found. The transistor properties, the deposition of a semiconductive layer, and the production of drain and source electrodes remain the focus of future work.
The Role of Privilege as Identity in Adolescents’ Beliefs About Homelessness, Opportunity, and Inequality
Authors: Seider Scott
Published: April 2010

This mixed methods study investigated the impact of learning about homelessness on the civic development of privileged adolescents. Pre—post surveys, classroom observations, and qualitative interviews revealed that the participating adolescents developed a more complex understanding of the factors that contribute to homelessness; however, this deeper understanding of homelessness was not accompanied by a reconfiguring of participants’ beliefs about America’s opportunity structure. Instead, this study’s privileged adolescents defended their own positions within the existing class structure by invoking legitimizing, and naturalizing ideological frames. This resistance to social justice content impeded participating teens’ development of civic responsibility for fellow citizens contending with poverty and homelessness.
Competence, Performance, and Extra Prepositions
Authors: Nykiel Joanna
Published: April 2010

This article considers the forces behind the use of extra prepositions (by way of doubling or inserting a mismatched preposition) in relative and interrogative clause environments in Middle English. The author argues that in that period the explanation lies with both categorical and noncategorical (gradient) factors, with only the latter continuing beyond Middle English and into present-day English. Two noncategorical factors have affected English extra prepositions since the Middle English period: accessibility of wh-phrases and semantic connectedness between a verb and preposition. Semantic connectedness favors preposition stranding, while considerations of accessibility favor preposition pied-piping. The former is reflected in a bias toward adjacency of lexicalized units, the latter in a bias toward relative clauses, where the accessibility of a wh-phrase is by default low. Together, these findings provide support for lexicalist grammars that accommodate noncategorical constraints.
Potential Benefits of Combined N‐Acetylcysteine and Ciprofloxacin Therapy in Partial Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Ozdil Burhan , Kece Can , Cosar Arif , Akkiz Hikmet , Sandikci Macit
Published: April 2010

This study investigates the potential benefits of antibiotics and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent, in patients who are candidates for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) due to partial bile duct obstruction. In total, 102 patients who had choledocholithiasis and choledochal dilatations by abdominal ultrasonography were included in the study. The patients were divided into placebo and NAC therapy groups. Physiological saline (equal volume with NAC solution) and ciprofloxacin (2 × 200 mg/d intravenously) were administered to the placebo group, and NAC (1800 mg/d intravenously) and ciprofloxacin (2 × 200 mg/d intravenously) were administered to the NAC group. In both groups, treatment protocols were administered for 7 days before ERCP. Total and direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil percent (NE%) levels were measured before the 7‐day treatment protocol. The same measurements were also evaluated before ERCP. In the NAC group, the levels of ALP, GGT, WBC, CRP, and NE% decreased significantly (P < .001), whereas a significant decrease did not occur in the placebo group. The combined usage of NAC and ciprofloxacin can be an alternative therapeutic option until ERCP is performed in partial cholestatic patients.
Relational Uncertainty Predicting Appraisals of Face Threat in Courtship: Integrating Uncertainty Reduction Theory and Politeness Theory
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Satterlee Kristen L. , DiDomenico Stephen M.
Published: April 2010

This article combines uncertainty reduction theory and politeness theory to deduce hypotheses about how relational uncertainty may predict appraisals of face threat. Participants were 273 individuals who (a) reported on relational uncertainty; (b) simulated leaving a voice mail message for their dating partner to address the assigned goal of catching up, sharing information, giving comfort, or receiving comfort; and (c) evaluated the face threats of their message. As expected, relational uncertainty was positively associated with appraisals of face threat, and it was negatively associated with the extremity of appraisals of face threat, even after judges’ ratings of face management strategies were covaried. The article closes by discussing the implications for understanding relational uncertainty, politeness, and appraisals of face threat.
The role of culture in relational aggression: Associations with social-psychological adjustment problems in Japanese and US school-aged children
Authors: Kawabata Yoshito , Crick Nicki. R. , Hamaguchi Yoshikazu
Published: April 2010

The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate psychometric properties that assess forms of aggression (i.e., relational and physical aggression) across cultures (i.e., Japan and the United States) and (2) to investigate the role of culture in the associations between forms of aggression and social-psychological adjustment problems such as depressive symptoms and delinquency. Participants consisted of 296 fourth-graders (197 Japanese and 99 US children). It was hypothesized that relative to US children, relational aggression would be more strongly associated with depressive symptoms for Japanese children. Findings supported our hypothesis, suggesting that Japanese children may be more vulnerable to negative interpersonal experiences, including relational aggression.
Information sharing behaviour on blogs in Taiwan: Effects of interactivities and gender differences
Authors: Lu Hsi-Peng , Lin Judy Chuan-Chuan , Hsiao Kuo-Lun , Cheng Li-Ting
Published: April 2010

Although blog service providers have developed and promoted various interactive functions of their blog platforms, effects of the interactivities on posting behaviour are still vague. Based on past literature, we proposed an information sharing behaviour model involving three types of interactivities, flow and satisfaction. A survey of 586 blog owners demonstrated strong support for the model. The results indicated that flow and satisfaction were positively affected by various types of interactivities and influenced the information sharing behaviour. Furthermore, gender differences in the relationships among interactivities, flow and satisfaction were found. Finally, the implications of this research were discussed.
Beyond vandalism: Wikipedia trolls
Authors: Shachaf Pnina , Hara Noriko
Published: April 2010

Research on trolls is scarce, but their activities challenge online communities; one of the main challenges of the Wikipedia community is to fight against vandalism and trolls. This study identifies Wikipedia trolls’ behaviours and motivations, and compares and contrasts hackers with trolls; it extends our knowledge about this type of vandalism and concludes that Wikipedia trolls are one type of hacker. This study reports that boredom, attention seeking, and revenge motivate trolls; they regard Wikipedia as an entertainment venue, and find pleasure from causing damage to the community and other people. Findings also suggest that trolls’ behaviours are characterized as repetitive, intentional, and harmful actions that are undertaken in isolation and under hidden virtual identities, involving violations of Wikipedia policies, and consisting of destructive participation in the community.
Discrepancies Between Parent-Child Reports of Internalizing Problems Among Preadolescent Children: Relationships with Gender, Ethnic Background, and Future Internalizing Problems
Authors: van de Looij-Jansen Petra M. , Jansen Wilma , de Wilde Erik Jan , Donker Marianne C. H. , Verhulst Frank C.
Published: April 2010

In a multiethnic community sample of 1,170 preadolescent children, it was investigated whether discrepancies in parent-child reports of internalizing problems are related with gender, ethnic background (Dutch, Surinamese/ Antillean, Moroccan, Turkish, Other) and with future internalizing problems. No significant differences in discrepancy scores between boys and girls were found. Parent-child disagreement of internalizing problems varied across ethnic groups, with significant differences among children from Surinamese/ Antillean (children reporting more internalizing problems than their parents) and Turkish background (parents reporting more internalizing problems than their children). Disagreement between parents and their preadolescent child significantly contributed to the prediction of self-reported internalizing problems in early adolescence. For the early identification of internalizing problems, it is recommended to include both parent and child self-reports as part of routine health examinations in the setting of preventive youth health care because when parents underreport problems relative to their child, this can predict future internalizing problems.
Factors Influencing the Development of School Bonding Among Middle School Students
Authors: Oelsner Jenny , Lippold Melissa A. , Greenberg Mark T.
Published: April 2010

The goal of this research is to examine the trajectory of school bonding over the middle school period and how factors such as gender, substance use, antisocial peers, delinquent behavior, and academic achievement affect this developmental process. Data from four waves of measurement of 2,902 adolescents are analyzed using hierarchical growth curve modeling. Results suggest that school bonding decreases in a nonlinear fashion from Grades 6 to 8. However, school bonding development varies based on interindividual differences. Boys have lower initial levels and greater decreases in school bonding than girls. Student deviant behavior, having antisocial peers, and low academic achievement are associated with lower levels of school bonding at Grade 6. Low grades and an increase in substance use are associated with a steeper decrease of school bonding over time. Increases in substance use and being male are also associated with a curvilinear pattern of school bonding. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Maturation, Peer Context, and Indigenous Girls’ Early-Onset Substance Use
Authors: Walls Melissa L. , Whitbeck Les B.
Published: April 2010

This article examines a biosocial model of the impact of puberty on indigenous girls’ early-onset substance use by considering the potential mediating role of peer context (i.e., mixed-sex peer groups and substance use prototypes) on the puberty and substance use relationship. Data include responses from 360 girls of a common indigenous cultural group residing on reservations/ reserves in the upper Midwest and Canada. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that the statistically significant relationship between girls’ pubertal development and early-onset substance use was mediated by both mixed-sex/romantic peer groups and favorable social definitions of substance use. Implications for substance use prevention work include addressing the multiple and overlapping effects of peer influence from culturally relevant perspectives.
Pathways to Parental Knowledge: The Role of Family Process and Family Structure
Authors: Padilla-Walker Laura M. , Harper James M. , Bean Roy A.
Published: April 2010

The purpose of the current study was (a) to examine the role of family process on child disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental knowledge and (b) to examine how patterns might differ as a function of family structure. Data for this study were taken from the Flourishing Families Project, which consists of 353 two- and 147 single-parent families with an adolescent child ( X age of child = 11.35). Path analysis via structural equation modeling suggested that, for single- and two-parent families, family process was positively and directly related to child disclosure (two-parent only) and parental solicitation, and indirectly related to disclosure and solicitation via adolescents’ externalizing behaviors. In turn, externalizing behaviors, child disclosure, and parental solicitation were all directly related to parental knowledge. Despite mean differences in parenting variables as a function of family structure, findings highlight the importance of family process in promoting parents’ knowledge of their adolescent children, regardless of family structure.
The Inventory of Teacher-Student Relationships: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity Among African American Youth in Low-Income Urban Schools
Authors: Murray Christopher , Zvoch Keith
Published: April 2010

This study investigates the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Inventory of Teacher-Student Relationships (IT-SR), a measure that was developed by adapting the widely used Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachments (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) for use in the context of teacher-student relationships. The instrument was field tested with a sample of African American students from low-income backgrounds (N = 171). An exploratory factor analysis was estimated with a randomly selected half of the sample. Three factors pertaining to Communication, Trust, and Alienation in relationships emerged. A confirmatory factor analysis was run on the remainder of the sample. Goodness-of-fit indices indicated that the three factor structure fit the data reasonably well. Scores on each of the three factors correlated with scores on other, existing measures of teacher-student relationship quality as well as with indicators of emotional, behavioral, and school-related adjustment. Implications for research on teacher-student relationships are discussed.
Interpersonal Goals and Susceptibility to Peer Influence: Risk Factors for Intentions to Initiate Substance Use During Early Adolescence
Authors: Trucco Elisa M. , Colder Craig R. , Bowker Julie C. , Wieczorek William F.
Published: April 2010

Though peer socialization theories are prominent in the adolescent substance use literature, variability in the degree to which adolescents are vulnerable to peer influence is likely, and few studies have examined this issue. This study examines the association between perceived peer substance use/approval of substance use and adolescent intentions to initiate alcohol and cigarette use and how social goals moderate this relationship. Results support the moderating role of social goals and suggest important differences across alcohol and cigarette use. Peer use and approval of cigarette use is associated with future intentions to smoke for adolescents with strong agentic goals, and peer use and approval of alcohol is associated with intentions to drink for adolescents with strong communal goals. These findings suggest that adolescent substance use theories and prevention programs focusing on peer socialization should consider individual differences in social goals and potential differences in peer influence across drugs.
False numbers as formalizing practices
Authors: Lampland Martha
Published: April 2010

It will be argued that false numbers in working documents, formulae, and business plans are used as temporary or conditional devices to enable rationalization. The social processes of creating formalized practices depend upon activities that are themselves conditional and ephemeral. That is, rather than subvert the ostensible purpose of fixed representation, false numbers make stability and fixity in representation possible. Examples used include business forecasting, property tax assessments, and the introduction of accounting into cooperative agriculture in Stalinist Hungary.
Clinical features, imaging findings and outcomes of headache associated with sexual activity
Authors: Yeh Yen-Chi , Fuh Jong-Ling , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: April 2010

Objectives: To study the clinical profiles, imaging findings and outcomes and field test the diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition (ICHD-II) in patients with headache associated with sexual activity (HSA).

Methods: We recruited 30 patients (16 men, 14 women, mean age at onset 40.2 ± 10.0 years) with headache associated with sexual activity at a headache clinic from 2004 to 2009. None of the patients had neurological deficits at onset.

Results: Twenty patients (67%) had secondary causes, including one subarachnoid hemorrhage, one basilar artery dissection, and 18 cases reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Ten patients (33%) had primary HSA. The demographics, headache profiles, drug response and clinical course were similar between primary and secondary HSA. Compared to prior studies done in Western societies, our patients had similar clinical features but with a higher ratio of females (50%) and a higher frequency of chronic course (39%).

Discussion: Sixty-seven percent of patients with RCVS could not fulfill the criteria of reversible angiopathy of the central nervous system (Code 6.7.3) proposed by the ICHD-II. The most common reason was headache resolution in more than two months. In addition, 40% of patients with primary HSA could not fulfill the ICHD-II criteria for primary HSA (Code 4.4).

Conclusions: Our study found that intracranial vascular disorders were very common in patients with HSA. Thorough neurovascular imaging is required for all patients with HSA.
Safe & Independent
Authors: Marken Dory M. , Moxley Bethany , Fraley Anna K.
Published: April 2010

This article documents a service-learning project to enhance older adults’ safe and independent performance of daily occupations in the home environment while enriching the learning of occupational therapy students. Thirteen rural individuals aged 65 to 89 years participated in the project whereby students identified occupational performance issues, modified occupations and context, and advocated for change to promote safety and independence. The model merits consideration as a replicable service-learning project for other disciplines in higher education to strengthen community relationships, enhance student learning, and support aging in place.
Réseaux sociaux
Authors: Bidart Claire , Degenne Alain , Grossetti Michel , Lemercier Claire
Published: April 2010

Social Network Analysis — ‘‘A French Touch’’? Looking Back on the CNRS Summer School « Social Networks — Issues, Methods and Outlooks », Cargèse (Corsica), 15—20 September 2008: This summer school was intended to present social network analysis and its recent developments to a French-speaking public. It was also the opportunity to take stock of work in this area by French and, more generally, French-speaking researchers. The article covers the presentations that were made on this occasion and attempts to identify what may be the specific nature of this work, which seems to be associated with a particular attention to theoretical and epistemological reflexivity.
‘‘An Ethnographic Seduction’’: How Qualitative Research and Agent-based Models can Benefit Each Other
Authors: Tubaro Paola , Casilli Antonio A.
Published: April 2010

“ Une séduction ethnographique ” — Comment la recherche qualitative et la modélisation par agents peuvent bénéficier l’un à l’autre : Nous proposons ici un cadre analytique général pour des simultations multi-agent informées par des données empiriques. Cette méthode pourrait fournir aux modèles par agents d’aujourd’hui une représentation correcte et appropriée des comportements d’agents sociaux, une représentation que les données statistiques échouent souvent à produire, tout particulièrement au niveau micro et au sujet des populations cachées ou sensibles. En retour, les simulations pourraient fournir aux sociologues et anthropologues qualitatifs des outils précieux pour : (a) questionner certains cadres théoriques et en tester la cohérence ; (b) reproduire et généraliser les résultats ; (c) fournir une plateforme pour la validation multi-disciplinaire des résultats.
“ Tels parents, tels enfants ? ”
Authors: Wernli Boris
Published: April 2010

‘‘Like Parents, Like Children?’’ Using Secondary Data in the Study of Parental Political Influence in Switzerland: This text is devoted to the intergenerational transmission of left-right ideological orientation. Using data from the Swiss Household Panel (www.swisspanel.ch), collected both directly and through intermediaries, it raises the question of the validity of second-hand information, which is discussed on several points. The article also shows that there is a strong long-term coherence between the ideological orientation of parents and their children. It also highlights the fact that the link is not the same for boys as for girls, and it varies between generations. Finally, it shows that strong upward social mobility, compared to the original environment, facilitates emancipation from parental ideology, social inertia being greater for downward and horizontal mobility.
Do We Necessarily Need Longitudinal Data to Infer Causal Relations?
Authors: Wunsch Guillaume , Russo Federica , Mouchart Michel
Published: April 2010

A-t-on nécessairement besoin de données longitudinales pour inférer des relations causales ? Il est généralement admis que les causes précèdent leurs effets dans le temps. Cela justifie usuellement la préférence pour les études longitudinales par rapport aux études transversales, parce que les premières permettent la modèlisation du processus dynamique engendrant le résultat, tandis que les secondes ne le peuvent pas. Les partisans de l’approche longitudinale proposent deux justifications interdépendantes : (i) l’inférence causale nécessite le suivi des mêmes personnes au fil du temps, et (ii) aucune inférence causale ne peut être tirée de données transversales. Dans cet article, nous remettons en question ce point de vue et proposons des objections à ces deux arguments. Nous soutenons également que la possibilité d’établir des relations de cause à effet ne dépend pas tant de l’utilisation de données longitudinales ou transversales, mais plutôt de savoir si la stratégie de modélisation est d’ordre structurel ou non.
Valproic Acid-Associated Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome
Authors: Gökçe Selim , Durmaz Özlem , Çeltik Coşkun , Aydoğan Ayşen , Güllüoğlu Mine , Sökücü Semra
Published: April 2010

Hepatotoxicity as a result of valproic acid therapy is well documented. Elevation in aminotransferase activities is rarely associated with symptoms. It sometimes manifests as acute liver failure. Here, we report a 8-year-old girl who was referred for unresolving jaundice and itching for 3 months. Past history revealed afebrile convulsion 5 months previously and beginning of valproic acid treatment. Valproic acid was discontinued after the development of jaundice. Physical examination revealed ichterus, xanthomas on extensor surfaces of extremities, and hepatomegaly without any sign of chronic liver disease. Total and direct bilirubin levels were 20.2 and 12.9 mg/dL, respectively. Enzyme activities indicating cholestasis were increased together with blood cholesterol. Tests for infectious and autoimmune, metabolic, and genetic disorders were not informative. Liver biopsy revealed portal inflammation, severe bile duct loss, and cholestasis. The patient was considered to have valproic acid—associated vanishing bile duct syndrome, which has not been reported previously.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Can Be a Useful Screen for Excess Adiposity in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Sproule Douglas M. , Montes Jacqueline , Dunaway Sally L. , Montgomery Megan , Battista Vanessa , Shen Wei , Punyanitya Mark , De Vivo Darryl C. , Kaufmann Petra
Published: April 2010

Accurate, noninvasive measures of body composition are needed for management of patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Fat mass index (fat mass/height2 in kg/m2) was measured in 16 subjects with spinal muscular atrophy using 5 bioelectrical impedance analysis equations and compared with a reference method, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The machine default equation, validated by Cordain, was the primary analysis. Fat mass index calculated by impedance measures differed by between -2.5 kg/m2 and 1.7 kg/m2 from the reference mean (8.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2). The Cordain equation provided the smallest difference (-0.4 ± 2.0 kg/m2), with correlation coefficient of 0.92. The Cordain equation showed high sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (100%) for prediction of ‘‘at risk for overweight’’ (fat mass index > 85th percentile for age and gender). Although insufficiently accurate for use as a research tool, bioelectrical impedance can have application as a well-tolerated, noninvasive, easily used screening tool for excess adiposity in patients with spinal muscular atrophy.
Commemorating the Future in Post-War Chernivtsi
Authors: Frunchak Svetlana
Published: April 2010

Throughout the Second World War and the post-war period, the city of Chernivtsi was transformed from a multiethnic and borderland urban microcosm into a culturally uniform Soviet socialist city. As the Soviets finally took power in this onetime capital of a Hapsburg province in 1944, they not only sponsored further large-scale population transfers but also “repopulated” its history, creating a new urban myth of cultural uniformity. This article examines the connection between war commemoration in Chernivtsi in the era of post-war, state-sponsored anti-Semitism and the formation of collective memory and identities of the city’s post-war population. The images of homogeneously Ukrainian Chernivtsi and Bukovina were created through the art of monumental propaganda, promoting public remembrance of certain events and personalities while making sure that others were doomed to oblivion. Selective commemoration of the wartime events was an important tool of drawing the borders of Ukrainian national identity, making it exclusivist and ethnic-based. Through an investigation of the origins of the post-war collective memory in the region, this article addresses the problem of perceived discontinuity between all things Soviet and post-Soviet in Ukraine. It demonstrates that it is, on the contrary, the continuity between Soviet and post-Soviet eras that defines today’s dominant culture and state ideology in Ukraine and particularly in its borderlands.
Controversies of Anticoagulation Reversal in Life-Threatening Bleeds
Authors: Rolfe Stephen , Papadopoulos Stella , Cabral Katherine P.
Published: April 2010

Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparins, warfarin, and anti-Xa inhibitors carry an inherent risk of complications due to their multifaceted pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as well as narrow therapeutic ranges. When an anticoagulated patient presents with a major or life-threatening bleed, immediate and effective therapy may be necessary to reverse the effects of the anticoagulant, minimize blood loss, and reduce patient morbidity and mortality. Optimal agents and strategies for anticoagulant reversal are limited, particularly for newer anticoagulants. The literature describing such strategies available to reverse the effects of anticoagulants in the setting of a bleed is limited, and therefore many controversies exist. Thus, as new anticoagulants become available, without a specific agent for reversal, the concerns and controversies related to this topic must be addressed. The purpose of this review is to discuss the management of major or life-threatening bleeds by addressing the following controversies: (1) the use of recombinant factor VIIa for rapid reversal of warfarin in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, (2) the role of prothrombin complex concentrate in emergent warfarin reversal, and (3) the optimal approach to reverse newer anticoagulants such as low molecular weight heparins, fondaparinux, and direct thrombin inhibitors.