bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF LIGNIN CONCENTRATION ON VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF ITS MODIFIED FORM OB-TAINED BY SOL-GEL METHOD IN THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM-SILICON COMPOUNDS
Authors: Smirnova Anastasiya Igorevna , Dyagileva Alla Borisovna , Prismakova Aleksandra Yevgen'yevna , Derkacheva Ol'ga Yur'yevna
Published: October 2021

The concept and flow model of a structured dispersed system obtained on the basis of sulfate lignin modified by Sol-gel method in the presence of aluminum-containing components in the form of nepheline concentrate are considered. The systems are mainly systems of non-Newtonian behavior, characterized by phenomena of destruction and formation of new structures in the shear flow, and the nature of the flow depends on the characteristics of interaction between system components, which are defined as their concentrations, and process conditions of the synthesis, at which the change of the adhesion forces between particles and at the moment cannot be generalized and described existing well-known equations of flow.As a result of the study, it was found that an increase in the concentration of sulfate lignin under various synthesis conditions, but with a constant amount of mineral component, leads to the formation of a new modified product, while there is a tendency to increase the parameters of kinematic viscosity and shear stress at the corresponding pH values of synthesis. Under conditions of excessive lignin concentrations of more than 400 mg/dm3, when self-organizing in the matrix of a new form, lignin dominance leads to a decrease in the strength characteristics of the polymer for all its forms obtained at different pH values. It is established that the kinematic viscosity and shear stress of water dispersions in this system depend on both the pH value of their synthesis and the concentration of the initial lignin, which determines the mechanisms of self-organization of the new modified structure.
IRIS MILKY-WHITE (IRIS LACTEA PALL.) – A PROMISING SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Luzhanin Vladimir Gennad'yevich , Whaley Andrey Kennet , Ponkratova Anastasiya Olegovna , Zhokhova Elena Vladimirovna , Zingalyuk Mariya Aleksandrovna , Pryaknina Nina Ivanovna
Published: October 2021

Iris milky-white (Iris lactea Pall.) is a herbaceous perennial plant from the Iridaceae Juss. family. The geographic area in which the plant can be found covers regions of Eastern Siberia, Trans-Baikal, Japan, eastern Mongolia, north-eastern China, as well as the Korean peninsula. This review includes the plants botanical description, chemical composition, together with the description of biological and pharmacological activity of I. lactea. Phenolic compounds can be distinguished as the main secondary metabolites of Iris milky-white, among which the most characteristic are: flavonoids, namely, flavone C-glycosides (embinin and its derivatives), isoflavonoids (irison B, tectorigenin, etc.) and xanthones (mangiferin, bellidifolin, etc.). Among other compounds of polyphenolic nature, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, phenolcarboxylic acids, stilbenoids, benzophenones and quinones were identified in I. lactea. The use of I. lactea in both traditional and modern medicine is mainly based on the presence of isoflavones in its extracts, which have been identified as «phytoestrogens». It was also found that herbal extracts of I. lactea possess immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, antihypoxant, cardiotonic, antioxidant, antiviral, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Thus, we can conclude the Iris milky-white is a promising source of biologically active substances with a wide range of action and it is necessary to study the chemical diversity of its compounds as fully as possible.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF SUBSTANCE SILECBINE ON THE BASIS OF EC-DYSTEROIDS OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF SILENE BRAHUICA
Authors: Khalilov Ravshanjon Muratjanovich , Yakubova Mohira Rakhimovna
Published: October 2021

The process extraction of ecdysterone from the aerial parts of Silene brahuica was studied. On the basis results research, the following extraction conditions were established: extractant – 90% ethanol, particle size of raw material – no more than 5 mm and process temperature – 20–30 °C. A five-fold extraction of ecdysterone from the aerial parts of Silene brahuica is proposed. To purify of the extract, a sequential liquid-liquid extraction is proposed, according to which the concentrated extract is diluted with water and treated three times with extraction petrol to remove hydrophobic impurities, then extracted six times with butanol to remove hydrophilic impurities. For effective drying of the silekbin substance, a filler was used, as which microcrystalline cellulose was selected in a mass ratio of 1 : 2 to the dry residue of the dried water solution. The technology of obtaining the substance of the adaptogenic and immunostimulating drug "Silekbin" from the aerial parts of Silene brahuica, which is tested on semi-industrial installations of the Pilot production of the Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, has been developed.
ISOLATION AND STUDY OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE COMPLEX ISOLATED FROM AESCULUS HIPPOCASTA-NUM L.
Authors: Azimova Luiza Bakhtiyarovna , Filatova Al'bina Vasil'yevna , Turaev Abbaskhan Sabirkhanovich , Djurabaev Djalol Turgunbaevich
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the results of a study of the polysaccharide complex, first obtained using microwave radiation from the shells of horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus Hippocastanum L.), collected on the territory of the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is shown that the use of microwave waves makes it possible to intensify the method of obtaining polysaccharides with an increase in their yield. The yield of the obtained product reaches 13%, compared with the method of obtaining without using microwave radiation (9.85%), which indicates the prospects of using microwave radiation in the isolation of polysaccharides from this type of raw material. The molecular weight characteristics were determined, and using GC/MS analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives, the monosaccharide composition of the complex isolated from the shells of the Semyon chestnut by alkaline extraction was established. It was found that the isolated polysaccharides consist mainly of arabinose and galactose residues (65–100%), and also, as minor monosaccharides, up to 35% of glucose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose residues. Signals and absorption bands corresponding to total polysaccharides were observed in 13C NMR and IR spectra. The NMR analysis data are consistent with the results of the analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide complex obtained using GC / MS. The antiradical activity of the polysaccharide complex has been established.
A kulturális ingahatás
Authors: Bakacsi Gyula
Published: October 2021

A Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) kutatási program kivételes lehetőséget kínál arra, hogy egyfelől a jelenleg észlelt, másfelől a jövőbeli kívánatos kultúráról képet kaphassunk, és összevethessük a kettőt. A kettő közötti különbség elemzése lehetőséget kínálhat arra, hogy a változások és a sikeres tanulás lehetőségeiről, illetve korlátairól tisztább képet nyerjünk. A szerző tanulmányának célja a kultúraváltozók észlelt és kívánatos értékei között kimutatható – általa „ingahatásnak” elnevezett – jelenség felmutatása és egyszerű statisztikai módszerekkel történő első leíró elemzése.
Implementation of CRISPR_Cas 9 in Providing Present Day Solutions to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: J Sanjana
Published: October 2021

Affecting approximately 95% of diabetic patients, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is acommon chronic disease seen globally. Exhibited in 81% of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, T2DM is further considered a potential pathway to the development of Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD). Recent studies suggest individuals affected by Alzheimer’s are in a “diabetic state,” due to their decrease of insensitivity to insulin deeming it a third type of diabetes. Although diabetics can control their condition through the use of insulin and inhibitors, those affected by T2DM are still at a high risk of eventually developing AD. As society advances, the gap between technology and medicine has been bridged to create more efficient devices to help combat medical challenges. Seen in the field of gene therapy, one such therapeutic approach has entered a new era, with the dawn of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Protein 9 (CRISPR Cas_9). Though it was always available in nature, this procedure has been rediscovered to tame into a genome editing tool, allowing for the precise and prompt modification of DNA in a genome. This literature review examines studies conducted on CRISPR Cas_9 and its genetic role in the body while simultaneously exploring how it can effectively be applied to potentially provide present-day solutions to T2DM and accordingly AD. Preliminary work related to CRISPR Cas_9 experimentation in rodent studies with T2DM provided a therapeutic effect lasting four weeks longer than the usual daily dosage need of Sitaglibin, an anti-diabetic medication. Recognized globally, CRISPR Cas_9 is a revolutionary approach, providing physicians the opportunity to rewrite life-threatening illnesses with a simple insertion or deletion of a gene, and can be seen as a stepping stone in the evolution of medicine.
Geological structure of Gorevsky lead-zinc deposit and adjacent territories.
Authors: Titov Dmitrii
Published: October 2021

The article describes geological structure of Gorevsky polymetallic deposit and its adjacent territories, according to data from previous geological reports and data, received by author during his work on this deposit.
‘We too find it difficult’: A consideration of site-based Holocaust education as emotional labour
Authors: Richardson Alasdair
Published: October 2021

Among the growing body of literature concerning teaching and learning about the Holocaust, very little research has explored the experiences of teachers from an emotional perspective. This study considers the emotion work done by educators who are teaching about the Holocaust at the site of Auschwitz-Birkenau. Through the lens of ‘emotional labour’, the study explores how the educators articulate their emotion work, and how they manage their emotionsin situ. The findings reveal a complex interplay of emotion work and self-preservation that results in educators variously altering the extent to which they are ‘present’ and how they choose to withdraw themselves emotionally from certain exhibits or spaces at the museum. The study also reveals the benefits of the informal emotional support network that exists between the educators, as well as the various routines they adopt to help them manage their emotion work. It is argued that the findings of this paper highlight a need for further research into how teachers teach about emotionally difficult histories such as this, in similar and more diverse contexts.
The educational power of heritage sites
Authors: Stolare Martin , Ludvigsson David , Trenter Cecilia
Published: October 2021

The aim of this article is to problematise the use of visits to heritage sites in history education in primary school. The empirical basis is a questionnaire and interviews with teachers in Sweden. Theoretically, the perspective is linked to the discussion of affective practices. The results show the connection that some, but not all, teachers recognise between different forms of historical knowledge. According to these teachers, visits to heritage sites activate the sensory experiences of the pupils, which has a positive impact on the pupils’ learning. Two ideal approaches can be discerned when it comes to the use of visits to heritage sites in history education. Such visits form either a teacher-driven, integral part of the education, or the teacher assigns the display of the site to local guides. The two approaches can be related to the history subject that appears in education, although this is ultimately determined by the educational setting.
Struktur Morfoanatomi Bunga, Daun dan Akar Salak Pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw.) pada Beberapa Daerah di Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Prihastanti Erma , Haryanti Sri
Published: October 2021

Salak merupakan tanaman buah asli dari Indonesia. Varietas salak juga berbagai macam, salah satunya adalah salak pondok yang terkenal komoditas unggul dari DI Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan satu faktor yaitu: lokasi pengamatan yang berbeda. Lokasi atau daerah tersebut adalah Salamsari, Ngablak, dan Banyuadem. Ketiga daerah tersebut berada di Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah, dimana secara geografis terletak dekat DIY yang terkenal dengan salak pondohnya. Parameter yang digunakan adalah jumlah tangkai, jumlah tandan, keliling bunga dan buah, panjang bunga, serta ukuran stomata. Selain itu, diamati juga anatomi akar tanaman salak pondoh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan morfologi bunga dan anatomi akar salak pondoh pada daerah yang berbeda di Kabupaten Magelang. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapatnya perbedaan nyata pada morfologi bunga maupun ukuran stomata yang diamati. Sedangkan, anatomi akar berbeda pada susunan sel korteks pada lahan recovery lebih rapat dan beraturan dan pada lahan unrecovery, susunan sel korteks akar lebih tidak beraturan dan banyak rongga udara. Kata kunci : keliling bunga, salak, tandan
Efek Serbuk Kunyit dan Kurkumin Terhadap Status Darah (Mus musculus L.) yang Diberi Minuman Beralkohol (Ciu)
Authors: Nazila Fajriyah Rizki , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Tana Silvana
Published: October 2021

Kurkumin dalam kunyit mengandung atioksidan yang berpotensi memperbaiki gangguan eritropoiesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin terhadap status darah mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang diberi minuman beralkohol (ciu). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan  20 ekor mencit jantan berbobot seragam yaitu 0.03 kg, dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 5  kali ulangan. R0 merupakan kontrol, R1 hanya diberi alkohol (ciu), R2 mencit yang telah diberikan alkohol (ciu) kemudian diberi serbuk kunyit, R3 mencit yang telah diberi alkohol (ciu) kemudian diberi serbuk kurkumin. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANNOVA, dilanjutkan uji Duncan pada taraf signifikasi 95%. Hasil penelitian berbeda nyata (P<0.05) pada bobot badan dan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05) terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin. Berdasarkan penelitian pemberian serbuk kunyit 0.1 g dan serbuk kurkumin 0.01 g belum mampu meningkatkan bobot badan, jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin.  akan tetapi berpotensi memperbaiki fungsi fisiologis dan metabolisme mencit.Kata kunci: Ciu, Mus musculus L., bobot badan, jumlah leukosit,  kadar hemoglobin
ZMIANY PARAMETRÓW MORFOMETRYCZNYCH JEZIORA STRZESZYŃSKIEGO
Authors: Choiński Adam , Każmierska Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

The paper analyses the changes in the Strzeszyńskie lake basin, located within the borders of the city of Poznań. The study was based on five topographic maps from the years: Moreover, the morphometric parameters of the basins from 1908, 1992 and 2013 were compared. Although the lake is located only a few kilometers from the center of Poznan, its basin has not changed significantly. Undoubtedly, this is influenced by the development of the lake basin. At present, however, there are symptoms indicating the worsening state of the waters.
ZMIENN OŚĆ CZASOWA I ZRÓŻNICOWANIE PRZESTRZENN E ZACHM URZENIA W POLSCE W LATACH 2001–2016
Authors: Sypniewska Ligia , Szyga–Pluta Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The study presents the characteristic of annual, seasonal and diurnal course of cloudiness in Poland in 2001–2016. The analysis was performed on 28 meteorological stations (IMGW-PIB); the data came from threefold climatological observations. Based on the data, the average course of annual, seasonal and diurnal cloud cover, maximum and minimum values were estimated. Moreover, the average number of characteristic nephological days during the year was calculated. The analysis confirmed a decrease in cloudiness in the spring and in the summer accompanied by an increase in the autumn and in the winter season. Furthermore, in the summer the values of diurnal cloud variation were higher in the summer than in the winter. August was the least cloudy month (56%) while December proved most cloudy (79%). During the entire period in question, the Pomeranian Lakeland was most clouded while the Szczecin Shore Zone proved the least cloudy.
Mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of rotary friction welded dissimilar joints of rolled homogeneous armor steel and medium carbon steel
Authors: Karthick K. , Malarvizhi S. , Balasubramanian V.
Published: October 2021

Distinct materials are used for the construction of battle tanks used in defense sectors. The hull and turret of the battle tanks are made up of rolled homogeneous armor steel (also known as armor steel). The inner portions like the driver cabin and control room are covered with medium carbon steel. Hence, the dissimilar joint between these materials is unavoidable in the battle tank construction. Conventional fusion welding processes like manual metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding are preferred to join the dissimilar metals. However, the high heat input nature of these processes will create hydrogen induced cracking, high residual tensile strain, and HAZ softening, etc. To minimize these issues, solid state welding processes were adopted. In the present study, mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of rotary friction welded dissimilar joint of armor steel and medium carbon steel was analyzed. The ultimate tensile strength of the dissimilar joint is around 775 MPa and the failure occurred at the medium carbon steel side. The impact toughness value of dissimilar joints is higher than medium carbon steel and lower than armor steel. The microstructure across the dissimilar joint has distinct features and a complex pattern was observed at the weld interface.
Similarities and Differences Between Italian Early Neolithic Groups: The Role of Personal Ornaments
Authors: Micheli Roberto
Published: October 2021

The Early Neolithic is an interesting period for observing the changes that took place in material culture and also in the ideology that influenced the production of personal ornaments. Objects of adornment are useful for understanding how past peoples differentiated themselves on the basis of gender, age, or group affiliation. The Early Neolithic in Italy developed throughout the entire sixth millennium cal. BC, during which the first farming communities settled in the Italian peninsula and islands, with diverse Neolithic groups related to wider-ranging cultural spheres. Early Neolithic ornaments were mainly ring bracelets, manufactured beads and perforated shells or teeth. Through their choice and the raw materials used for their production, individuals and groups emphasized their diverse identities based on shared traditions. Focusing on some of the more significant sites, this article considers similarities and differences in forms and raw materials employed for ornaments by different Early Neolithic groups and how these could have been useful attributes to emphasise identities and in particular the membership of particular social or cultural groups.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF MUCOADHESIVE DENTAL APPLICATIONS CONTAINING BENZYDAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors:   Department of Drugs Form Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy. Wroclaw Medical University, Grimling Bożena
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research was to develop a bioadhesive film based on benzydamine hydrochloride incorporated into natural bioadhesive polymers with different quantities of chitosan and guar gum but utilising a plasticiser. The obtained gels were deaerated by sonification, formed and evaporated by hot air drying; then, the properties were evaluated. Guar gum had a great influence on mechanical properties of the films – dynamic viscosity, texture, elasticity, stretching robustness, swelling and blur time. The formulations were used to obtain mucoadhesive films containing 0.3% benzydamine hydrochloride; they were tested for the release of the model drug. The amount of chitosan added to the formulation reduced the quantity of released substance and slowed down the release. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy did not reveal the creation of new chemical structures. In conclusion, the ratio of chitosan to guar gum in the medium impacts the mechanical properties and release parameters of the drug. These findings should enable researchers to match the parameter values to receive the most beneficial therapeutic outcome.
A GREEN METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF ZINC(II) IONS FROM WASTEWATER USING MODIFED BIOPOLYMERS
Authors:   Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Jeyaseelan Christine , Jain Antil , Jugade Ravin ,   Department of Chemistry, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University
Published: October 2021

Zinc pollution in wastewater is a global problem because it is highly toxic. Zinc is commonly used in industries that transfer the water containing zinc directly into water sources, leading to pollution. Exposure to a high level of zinc causes major health problems. This study evaluated the adsorption of zinc ions from aqueous system using modified biopolymers of chitosan by crosslinking with sulphates using the batch adsorption method; the concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The sulphate cross-linked chitosan (SCC) was characterised by several method. The effects of various experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were investigated. Under the optimised conditions, the percentage efficiency for the removal of zinc(II) was up to 85%. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to analyse the equilibrium adsorption data along with kinetic studies. Various thermodynamic parameters have also been reported.
EVALUATION OF HYDROPHILIC GLOBULES WITH SODIUM ALGINATE CONTAINING A LACTIC ACID– CHITOSAN COMPLEX
Authors:   Department of Drugs Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy The “Silesian Piasts” Memorial Wroclaw Medical University, Małolepsza-Jarmołowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

An important issue in the treatment of vaginitis is the amount of time the drug remains on the vaginal mucosa. If the contact time is too short, the drug cannot work effectively to ensure the correct pH in the vaginal environment. This study evaluated formulations of globules containing sodium alginate, lactic acid and chitosan with different pH and rheological properties. The experimental studies revealed that it is possible to produce a preparation with optimal pharmaceutical and application properties. The use of an appropriate ratio of lactic acid to chitosan in the complex and the appropriate concentration of sodium alginate produces a preparation with excellent properties to coat the surface of the vaginal mucosa.
EFFECT OF CHITOSAN AND LIPID LAYERS DEPOSITED ONTO POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) ON ITS WETTING PROPERTIES
Authors:   Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Szafran Klaudia , Jurak Małgorzata , Wiącek Agnieszka Ewa
Published: October 2021

The wetting properties of chitosan (Ch) and single 1,2-dipalmitoylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), cholesterol (Chol) and binary DPPC-Chol layers deposited onto polyethylene terephthalate activated by low-temperature air plasma (PETair) were examined. PET is widely used in tissue engineering, but its low hydrophilicity limits its integration with the surrounding tissues. Ch is a biocompatible polysaccharide, distinguished by its antimicrobial properties, widely distributed in medicine. DPPC and Chol are the major building components of cell membrane, so they can perfectly mimic membrane behaviour during contact with the Ch layer. Monolayers of lipids were deposited onto PETair with or without the Ch layer using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The total surface free energy (SFE)and its components changes were calculated from theoretical approaches. Wettability strongly depended on the monolayer composition as well as the Ch layer. The Ch film decreased the contact angle and increased SFE of the PET surface with the lipid monolayers due to specific organisation of molecules within the chitosan scaffold. The most promising combination of surface modification for tissue engineering applications seems to be the PETair/Ch/DPPC-Chol system.
Effects of Psycho-education Interventions on Perceived Childbirth Fear and Anxiety by Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Adeli Gargari Masomeh , Esmailpour Khalil , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Mehrabi Esmat
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Phobia of natural childbirth is one of the most important and influencing factors leading women to request cesarean sections. The present study aimed to prepare a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the type of interventions related to fear of childbirth (FOC). Materials and Methods: The data collection was based on an extensive search of articles related to clinical trials (1990-2019) posted on Google Scholar, Cochran, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed electronic databases. In general, 109 abstracts were selected after eliminating similar publications. As a result of the qualitative evaluations of these articles, 11 studies were kept for investigation. Results: The studies were categorized into three groups including prenatal education with childbirth counseling, yoga courses, and psychoeducational-based interventions. Based on the meta-analysis, psychoeducational interventions have a significant effect on childbirth fears and anxiety in comparison with the control group (mean difference: 0.85, 95% CI: -1.20–0.45, P < 0.0001, I2 = 82%). Conclusions: Psychologically-based interventions, can creatively play an essential role in reducing the FOC during pregnancy and even childbirth. It can also create a pleasant and traumatic-free experience which is essential for encouraging women to have a natural childbirth.
Assessment of Strategies for the Reduction of Cesarean Section Rate in Iranian and Foreign Studies: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hasani Moghadam Sedigheh , Alijani Fatemeh , Bagherian Afrakoti Nastaran , Bazargan Maryam , Ganji Jila
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted aiming at exploring strategies for reducing cesarean section (C-section) in Iranian and foreign studies. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out using a matrix approach and searching keywords including "Cesarean", "Effective Intervention", and "Cesarean Section Reduction Strategy" to find studies (2000-2019) in databases such as PubMed, SID, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and WHO. Results: CS reduction strategies were classified into 3 categories of psychological, clinical, and structural-policy interventions. The first category supports women throughout labor and childbirth by the midwife, doula, coping skills with fear and pain of labor, changes in the attitudes of service providers and pregnant women. Clinical interventions include vaginal birth after CS, vaginal breech delivery, external cephalic version (ECV) for breech presentation, encouragement of service providers into intermittent auscultation for the fetal heart rate instead of continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM), and training of service providers, pregnant woman, and her family. The last category encompassed managing insurance and financial services, receiving one-to-one care and midwifery care throughout active labor, and updating policy of labor induction in post-term pregnancy, as well as women’s admission policy with cervical dilatation of more than 4 cm with regular uterine contractions, active team care in labor, and auditing and feedback. Conclusions: It seems that multi-dimensional interventions are required to reduce the CS rate. Concerning some of the strategies (e.g., ECV), it is suggested that further research should be performed by addressing the limitations and drawbacks of previous studies before applying clinical procedures due to contradictory results.
A Preliminary Study to Propose an Algorithm for Management of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Authors: Tarafdari Azam , Borna Sedigheh , Janatrostami Sheida , Hantoushzadeh Sedighe , Keikha Fatemeh
Published: October 2021

Objectives: There is no consensus on the management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). In this regard, this study proposed an algorithm for CSP management with consecutive outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, the data of 44 patients with CSP were collected, and the diagnosis was confirmed by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). Unstable patients underwent uterine artery embolization (UAE), and the fetal reduction was done for patients with the fetal heart rate (FHR). In addition, patients received systemic methotrexate (MTX) injections according to their beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels and then were followed on a predetermined schedule by β-hCG levels and TVS. Finally, prophylactic UAE was considered for patients with ongoing bleeding, placental hypervascularity, and the prospect of limited access to care. Results: Patients were within the age range of 33.9±4.9 years and the gestational age of 7.37±1.57 weeks. Twenty-two patients (50%) had vaginal bleeding, 3 of whom were unstable and underwent UAE. Five patients underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, and fourteen patients with FHR underwent a fetal reduction. Based on β-hCG levels and changes, and placental vascularity, 4 patients received no treatment. In general, 11, 2, and 9 patients received single, double, and multiple MTX injections. A total of 10 patients underwent both multi-doses of MTX and prophylactic UAE. The median period to reach undetectable β-hCG levels was 7.3 weeks and the median interval to start menstruation was 2.8 weeks. In addition, the pregnancy remnant was resolved 3.6 months after the treatment. On the follow-up, no curettage or hysterectomy was needed and seven patients became pregnant (15.9%), 2 of whom presented recurrent CSP (28.6%). Conclusions: The proposed stepwise algorithm could be employed for CSP management with accountable outcomes, low hysterectomy rates, and fertility preservation.
Does Coronavirus Disease Affect Sleep Disorders in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Women With Low Back Pain?
Authors: Dargahi Roghayeh , Nazari Behrooz , Dorosti Abbasali , Charsouei Saeid
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Many factors such as stress and psychological tension affect the mental and physical health of pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus pandemic. These factors can cause severe complications such as sleep disorders and low back pain. Therefore, this study focused on investigating sleep disorders in women by diagnosing low back pain in pregnant women with coronavirus and the affecting factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed during the four months ending July 5, 2020 with the participation of 40 pregnant women (with coronavirus disease detected in the last trimester of pregnancy) with a diagnosis of low back pain in Tabriz (Iran) using a random sampling technique. Demographic data, anxiety and depression, Petersburg’s sleep quality, factors affecting sleep quality, and the severity of back pain (visual analog scale) were electronically collected and analyzed using SPSS 20 by ANOVA and multivariate regression. Results: All participants were at a weak level. The majority of participants had a score of "serious sleep problem", and nausea and vomiting (P=0.041), low back pain (P=0.003), frequent urination (P=0.011), leg cramps (P=0.031), and constipation (P=0.018) caused severe sleep disturbance in pregnant women during coronavirus pandemic. Conclusions: In general, having coronavirus disease causes severe pain in pregnant women, leading to severe back pain in pregnancy, eventually worsening sleep disorders.
Occurrence of Ureaplasma urealyticumin in Women in the Northeast of Iran: Characterization of Resistance Trends
Authors: Mardaneh Jalal , Mohammadzadeh Alireza , Alavi Mahdieh Sadat , Zendehdel Mahdieh , Bahri Narjes , Mehraban Mehrnaz , Ardebili Abdollah , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Anvarinejad Mojtaba
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The present study surveyed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Ureaplasma urealyticum in isolates from Gonabad (in the northeast of Iran) including susceptibility testing for U. urealyticum to different antibiotics. Materials and Methods: In this research, a total of 95 vaginal swab specimens were aseptically collected from women who were admitted to the Bohlool Teaching Hospital and Jahad Daneshgahi Center from April 2016 to April 2017. Culture and subsequently antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to the Mycoplasma IST 2 kit. Then the cupules were read and interpreted in 24 and 48 hours according to kit guidelines. Results: In the studied patients, 38 (40.4 %), 12 (12.8 %), and 11 (11.7%) cases were single positive for U. urealyticum, single positive for Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis), and dually positive for U. urealyticum and M. hominis, respectively. The positive rates of genital U. urealyticum in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were 86.8% and 13.2%, respectively. The highest positive rate (42.1%) was found in the 26-30-year-old group. In addition, tetracycline (TET) and doxycycline (DOT) were the most effective antibiotics against isolates, and one strain was multi-drug resistant. The U. urealyticum resistance rates were more than 39% to erythromycin and pristinamycin, and more than 55% to ciprofloxacin. All U. urealyticum isolates with <104 CFU/specimen were sensitive to all tested drugs. Conclusions: Although the emerging resistance to TETs among our isolates is alarming, these data show that the standard therapeutic regimen for urogenital infections caused by U. urealyticum is DOT, TET, and clarithromycin, leading to better outcomes in most respective patients.
The Effect of Multivitamins, Minerals, and Q10 on Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix
Authors: Modarres Gilani Mitra , Mosavi Azam Sadat , Akhavan Setare , Zamani Mehrangiz , Mohsenpour Mohammad Ali , Mohsenpour Fatemeh , Pir Dehghan Azar , Farhadi Danial , Torkzaban Fazezeh
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Invasive cervical cancer is one of the most fatal genital cancers of women which can be detected by having Pap smear in precancerous stage. Various approaches can be taken for treating or preventing the progress of these precancerous lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytopathological and colposcopic response of precancerous lesions to multivitamin, mineral (multi-mineral), and coenzyme Q10 supplements. Materials and Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 participants with clinical complaints or abnormal Pap smear test results. The intervention and control groups received supplemental and placebo treatments, respectively, for 3 months after a primarily Pap smear test. The Pap smear test was also performed after the treatment and patients with abnormal results were screened by colposcopy. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The percentage of participants in the intervention and control groups were 40% and 28.3% in the age range of 20-29, 26.7% and 41.7% in the age range of 30–39, and finally 33.3% and 30% over 40 years of age, respectively (P=0.19). The percentage of normalization in Pap smear test result was 83.3% and 53.3% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions: It was found that short-term usage of multi-mineral and Q10 supplements may decrease the risk of cervical cancer in women with abnormal Pap smear. However, studies with larger population and longer trial period are needed for further investigation.
Phrasematic Introduction to Dialectal Axiolinguistics
Authors: Tyrpa Anna
Published: October 2021

The current works related to analysing value in Polish dialects have been presented in the article. The author has selected six types of values. For each of them, two opposite values in the form of adjectives have been chosen. The author has shown how these values are expressed by dialectal phrasemes.Cognitive values: wise (e. g. mądry jak Salomon [as wise as Solomon]) – stupid (e. g. głupi jak motyka [as stupid as a hoe]).Moral values: good (e. g. dobry jak lato [as good as summer]) – evil (e. g. zły jak czart [as bad as the devil]).Vital values: healthy (e. g. zdrowy jak dzwon [as healthy as a bell]) – ill (e. g. chory na śmierć [ill with death]).Values of feelings: satiated (e. g. wiatrem syt [satiated with wind]) – hungry (e. g. głodny jak Żydowa kobyła [as hungry as a Jew’s horse]).Aesthetic values: beautiful (e. g. piękny jak z obrazka [as beautiful as from a picture]) – ugly (e. g. brzydki jak papuga [as ugly as a parrot]).Economic values: rich (e. g. bogaty jak patyk w lesie [as rich as a stick in the forest]) – poor (e. g. biedny jak mysz [as poor as a mouse]).
Two Profiles of the Polish HOMELAND Concept
Authors: Bartmiński Jerzy
Published: October 2021

The starting point for this study is the dynamic view of homeland formulated by e.g. Karol Wojtyła in his Thinking Homeland (“When I think homeland, I seek the road that cuts through mountainsides… it runs steeply up in each of us and does not allow to stand still”). The study focuses on two profiles of the Polish concept: the noble-intelligentsia profile and the folk-peasant profile. In the former, which continues the tradition of military legions, the relationship between people and homeland is modelled in accordance with the patriotic-heroic ethos, deriving from the Romantic tradition and focusing on active resistance and sacrifice. In the latter, the predominant mood is expiatory, connected with the responsibility for the collapase of the the 1st Polish (Nobility) Republic. This profile includes the all-national homeland, then the regional and European homeland – the ideas of the state, civic, and cultural homeland compete with one another. The folk profile of homeland derives from the tradition of Polish peasantry – peasants did not feel responsible for the collapse of the state, being de facto slaves in the Poland of nobility. The peasant ethos, based on the idea of joint work and social solidarity, is close to the positivistic spirit. It links the idea of duty (homeland can ask for sacrifice) with that of expectation (homeland should extend one’s care over people). The folk profile includes the homeland of family and home, the local homeland, the national homeland, as well as the world as people’s homeland. It is assumed that the two profiles of homeland are to a great extent complementary.
I dropped a big stone on the water snake… Poetic and the Folk Image of a SNAKE
Authors: Wołoszyn Magdalena
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the linguistic and cultural image of the snake in Polish language and Polish folk culture, functioning within three different but complementary genre-based models: (a) mythological, which echoes are present in belief stories, records of beliefs, and descriptions of practices; (b) biblical (religious), Judeo-Christian, settled in aytiological legends, wedding speeches, religious and historical songs (c) colloquial (common sense), confirmed mainly in colloquial phraseology. In the first model, the snake appears as the guardian of the house and the enclosure, a living creature, friendly to people and animals, whose presence ensures happiness and prosperity; in the second – the serpent is a symbol of evil, sin and Satan; in the third, the most stabilized features of the snake are: wisdom, prudence, but the most of all cunning and sly. The features that emerge especially from the mythological and religious model are the basis for the interpretation of the poetic creation of a snake from Czesław Miłosz’s poem Rue Descartes, in which the lyrical subject combines all evil that has happened to him in his life with in breaking of the ban and just punishment for killing a water snake coiled in the grass.
СУДОВА ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА З ПИТАНЬ ТРАНСФЕРТНОГО ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ
Authors: ФОМІНА Олена , ШУШАКОВА Ірина
Published: October 2021

Інтеграція національних економік та ринків, можливості великих корпорацій вести міжнародний бізнес, розвиток цифрового сектору економіки сприяють світовим тенденціям глобалізації системи міжнародного оподаткування. Обмін податковою інформацією та проведення спільних податкових перевірок податковими органами зумовлюють необхідність уніфікації підходів до трансфертного ціноутворення транснаціональними компаніями. Активізація проведення податковими органами податкових перевірок з питань трансфертного ціноутворення призводить до виникнення податкових спорів, у тому числі тих, які розглядаються в судовому порядку. Адміністративне судочинство передбачає задіяння ефективного інструмента у вирішенні податкових спорів з питань трансфертного ціноутворення, а саме судову економічну експертизу.Досліджено особливості проведення податкових перевірок з трансфертного ціноутворення і застосування судової економічної експертизи як дієвого механізму в податкових спорах з питань трансфертного ціноутворення. Аналіз судової практики у цій сфері дозволив встановити групи спорів з трансфертного ціноутворення, що розглядаються Касаційним адміністративним судом у складі Верховного Суду. Встановлено, що розгляд податкових спорів з питань трансфертного ціноутворення включає три обов’язкових елементи: економічний аналіз, факти (обставини) та юридичну складову (податкове законодавство). Ефективним інструментом урегулювання досудового або дослідчого конфлікту інтересів між податковою службою і платником податків складової «економічний аналіз» є судова економічна експертиза. Досліджено підходи до формулювання запитань, що виносяться на вирішення судової економічної експертизи з питань трансфертного ціноутворення. Визначено, що висновки судових експертів формують якісну і ґрунтовну доказову базу платників податків у податкових спорах у сфері трансфертного ціноутворення.
УМОВИ І МЕХАНІЗМИ ДІЄВОГО ЗАПОБІГАННЯ КОРУПЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: МАНДИБУРА Віктор
Published: October 2021

Розкрито зміст системно мережевого структурування корупції як інституту абсолютної антисуспільної спрямованості. Увагу приділено понятійній чистоті категоріального апарату, зокрема, розмежовано поняття «корупція» і «хабарництво». Наведено характеристику персоніфікованих і корпоративно-асоційованих суб’єктів корупції, розкрито зміст сучасних форм і характерних різновидів об’єкта корупційного підкупу. Наведено диференційований перелік і розкрито зміст специфічних ринків «корупційних послуг», що функціонують у межах загального «чорного» ринку України. Показано соціально-економічні витоки та розкрито характер особистих і корпоративних інтересів суб’єктів – носіїв корупційних відносин.Визначено реальний спектр руйнівних антисуспільних наслідків синергії бінарної злуки «інституту корупції» з «інститутом кримінальної «чорної» економіки». Виділено три базових блоки злочинної економічної діяльності: 1) кримінальний промисел; 2) надання послуг кримінального характеру; 3) кримінальне порушення норм господарсько-комерційної діяльності. На засадах узагальненого досвіду США визначено необхідні умови й надано пропозиції щодо формування організаційно-економічних та економіко-правових антикорупційних механізмів. Доведено, що подолання корупції неможливе без скасування правового принципу «презумпції невинуватості» у сфері підтвердження легітимності доходів платників податків, які зобов’язані надавати вичерпну інформацію, що доводить легітимність джерел походження особисто-сімейної нерухомості.Визначено умови забезпечення дієвого порядку у сфері обліку і контролю повноти виконання громадянами податкових зобов’язань на засадах удосконаленню механізму декларування доходів та державно-ринкового обліку нерухомості населення України. У контексті критичних зауважень щодо помилок, допущених за останні п’ять років, надано пропозиції стосовно вдосконалення організаційно-економічних засад декларування річних доходів, а також проведення соціально-справедливої і антикорупційної легалізації статків, майна і капіталів фізичних осіб шляхом забезпечення сплати до державної скарбниці компенсаційно-справедливих відшкодувань за завдані бюджету збитки за період незалежності України.
Study of the Production Cross-Sections of the Neutron-rich 184Ta and 186Ta
Authors: Nagarajan Susshma , Seetharaman Deepa , Ramadurai Gowrishankar
Published: October 2021

Synthesizing nuclei through reactions that produce a reasonable yield is important for the experimental study of neutron-rich nuclei. In this study, the cross-section values of 184Ta and 186Ta nuclei in various experiments were reviewed and analysed. The experimental data of (n, p), (p, x) and (n, α) reactions were compared to identify the best reaction to produce these nuclei for further study. Our study shows that (n, p) reactions on natural Tungsten targets are the most feasible reactions with a good yield of the neutron-rich Tantalum isotopes. New reactions have been proposed for the effective synthesis of 184Ta and 186Ta using tritium beams on Hafnium targets. The cross-section values of the proposed reactions were calculated by PACE4 software simulations.
Enhanced Fission Probability of Even-Z Fragments in the Decay of Hot and Rotating 210Rn* Compound System
Authors: Verma Dalip Singh , . Kushmakshi
Published: October 2021

Mass and charge distribution of the cross-section for the fission fragments obtained in the decay of hot and rotating compound system formed in the reaction 48Ca + 162Dy → 210Rn* at an incident energy 139.6 MeV has been calculated using the dynamical cluster-decay model. Isotopic composition for each element belonging to the symmetric mass region has been obtained. The shell closure at N=50 for light and at Z=50 for heavy mass binary fragments gives a deep minima in the fragmentation potential at touching configuration and governs the fission partition of the compound system. The fission fragments of the symmetric mass region have their dominating presence along with strong odd-even staggering i.e., even-Z fission fragments are more probable than the odd ones, similar to the observed trends of the yield.
Comparative Analysis of Woods-Saxon and Yukawa Model Nuclear Potentials
Authors: Sastri O.S.K.S. , Sharma Aditi , Gora Swapna , Sharma Richa
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we model the nuclear potential using Woods-Saxon and Yukawa interaction as the mean field in which each nucleon experiences a central force due to rest of the nucleons. The single particle energy states are obtained by solving the time independent Schrodinger wave equation using matrix diagonalization method with infinite spherical well wave-functions as the basis. The best fit model parameters are obtained by using variational Monte-Carlo algorithm wherein the relative mean-squared error, christened as chi-squared value, is minimized. The universal parameters obtained using Woods-Saxon potential are found to be matched with literature reported data resulting a chi-square value of 0.066 for neutron states and 0.069 for proton states whereas the chi-square value comes out to be 1.98 and 1.57 for neutron and proton states respectively by considering Yukawa potential. To further assess the performance of both the interaction potentials, the model parameters have been optimized for three different groups, light nuclei up to 16O - 56Ni, heavy nuclei 100Sn - 208Pb and all nuclei 16O - 208Pb. It is observed that Yukawa model performed reasonably well for light nuclei but did not give satisfactory results for the other two groups while Woods-Saxon potential gives satisfactory results for all magic nuclei across the periodic table.