bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic assessment of the state of livestock industry in Kazakhstan: prerequisites for the creation of a meat hub
Authors: Abdikerimova Gulzhanar , Yesbolova Ainur , Moldabekov Bakytzhan , Kulanova Darikul , Seidakhmetov Marat
Published: April 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to economically evaluate the condition of animal husbandry in the Republic of Kazakhstan and also to determine the necessity and possibility of the creation of an effective meat hub.

Methodology / approach. The following methods were used: economic analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, systematization and generalization, factor analysis, institutional analysis, and modelling that helped identify problems of the livestock industry, and ways for its development.

Results. The paper presents the results of the analysis of world and regional production and consumption of livestock and poultry; import and export of meat products in Asian countries, including Kazakhstan; the dynamics and structure of livestock in farms of different categories; the dynamics of gross income of livestock production of the republic; SWOT-analysis of efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Studying the meat market trends in the world and in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also the dynamics of production and consumption of meat and meat products is a basis for argumentation when choosing strategically important measures on application of forms and ways of control, creation of the economic forecast, definition of the basic vectors of effective development of this industry in the long term taking into account influence of factors of various nature.

Originality / scientific novelty. The study makes an original contribution by providing a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of the current state and future prospects of Kazakhstan’s livestock sector, while proposing innovative structural solutions through a specialised meat hub to improve productivity, quality and competitiveness.

Practical value / implications. The study suggests the need to enhance meat production to meet domestic demand and boost exports. Achieving this involves innovating meat processing and sales, improving animal productivity through genetic advancements, enhancing infrastructure, and establishing livestock centres. Ongoing monitoring of the meat market is essential for crafting strategies to improve the livestock sector. Besides, creating a “meat hub” model will reduce investment and operational expenses for production units, streamline production based on set standards and consumer demand, enhance product liquidity, and augment income for small entrepreneurial forms.
Effect of entrepreneur personality and social network sites on innovation performance: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Riptanti Erlyna Wida , Harisudin Mohamad , Kusnandar  , Khomah Isti , Setyowati Nuning
Published: April 2024

Purpose. This study aims to determine whether entrepreneurial characteristics and social network sites affect innovation performance of millennial farmers in Central Java, with dynamic capability as a mediation variable.

Methodology / approach. A case study of millennial farmers in Central Java was conducted with a sample of 135 respondents. The samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique, they have been in agricultural businesses for at least two years, and registered as millennial farmers ambassadors. The method of data analysis was Structural Equation Modeling, with Partial Least Squares serving as the analytical tool.

Results. The results showed that demographics and social network sites of entrepreneur had no direct effect on innovation performance, while personality showed a significant effect. Dynamic capability variable moderately mediated between personality and innovation performance indirectly. A successful millennial farmer on innovation must have a strong entrepreneurial character. A strong entrepreneurial mindset is necessary for effective business management. Self-confidence, willingness to take risks, a grand vision, and superior creativity are required to achieve dynamic capability in driving change and innovation within the business. Millennial farmers must also think and act dynamically following technological developments and changing business environments.

Originality / scientific novelty. The novelty lies in the exploration of innovation performance of millennial farmers, which has not been extensively examined. Although several studies have been conducted previously, the investigation into millennial farmers in Indonesia imparts a distinctive characteristic. Millennial farmers represent the future generation in the agricultural sector, but their contribution to the economy is decreasing. Previous studies tested social network sites and entrepreneurial personality in separate studies. However, this study examines social network sites as external factors and entrepreneur personality and demographics as internal factors that influencing innovation performance. This is done to provide a more comprehensive picture of the factors that drive innovation performance. Therefore, examining their innovation performance comprehensively aims to understand the affecting factors and take action for improvements.  Testing and categorising the effect of dynamic capability as a mediating variable also enriched early studies.

Practical value / implications. The results provided a scholarly contribution by enriching the discourse on entrepreneurship and its effect on business performance. This research is useful for millennial farmers to win the competition and strengthen their competitive advantage.
DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL E EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA: DESAFIOS E POSSIBILIDADES NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Sousa André Cristovão , Scapin Priscila Dias Rodrigues , Viudes Mateus Martins , Momo Luan Felipe , Lima Simone Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica das produções científicas relacionadas com a interface entre deficiência intelectual e educação matemática, com foco na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foram identificados os principais desafios e as possíveis estratégias para promover a aprendizagem matemática de alunos com deficiência intelectual em contextos inclusivos. Os desafios identificados incluem a falta de recursos adequados, a formação insuficiente de professores e as barreiras atitudinais. No entanto, também foram identificadas diversas possibilidades para superar tais desafios, como o uso de tecnologias assistivas, adaptações curriculares, formação continuada de professores e a valorização da diversidade. Conclui-se que a promoção da educação matemática inclusiva para alunos com deficiência intelectual requer uma abordagem multifacetada, envolvendo políticas educacionais, formação docente e práticas pedagógicas inclusivas, visando garantir o direito de todos os alunos a uma educação de qualidade. Este escrito pode ser uma alternativa para o avanço do conhecimento sobre educação inclusiva e destaca a importância de uma abordagem centrada no aluno e em suas necessidades individuais.
CHOQUE CARDIOGÊNICO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Souza Thifisson Ribeiro de , Carvalho Geórgia Ribeiro , Pacheco Thaís Guimarães , Souza Bruno Campos de , Melo Isadora Leal Galvao Navarro e
Published: April 2024

O choque cardiogênico é uma síndrome clínica complexa caracterizada por insuficiência cardíaca aguda que resulta em débito cardíaco inadequado e hipoperfusão tecidual, apesar de uma pressão de enchimento adequada. Esta condição é uma emergência médica crítica que requer diagnóstico imediato e tratamento específico para melhorar as chances de sobrevivência do paciente. No núcleo da fisiopatologia do choque cardiogênico está a diminuição do subsídio cardíaco, que é o volume de sangue que o coração bombeia em um minuto. Essa redução no subsídio cardíaco leva a uma diminuição na pressão arterial sistêmica e, consequentemente, uma redução no fornecimento de oxigênio e nutrientes aos tecidos. Esta revisão narrativa de literatura reuniu artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos nas bases de dados PUBMED e SciELO, objetivando indicar as principais causas e sintomas do choque cardiogênico. Concluiu-se que os sintomas clínicos do choque cardiogênico estão relacionados às manifestações de redução crítica na perfusão tecidual e no fornecimento de oxigênio. Em relação às causas, pode-se citar as seguintes: infarto agudo do miocárdio, miocardite, disfunção de válvulas cardíacas, cardiomiopatia dilatada, tamponamento cardíaco, arritmias cardíacas e complicações de procedimentos cardíacos.
Identifying the seeding signature in cloud particles from hydrometeor residuals
Authors: Konwar Mahen , Werden Benjamin , Fortner Edward C. , Bera Sudarsan , Varghese Mercy , Chowdhuri Subharthi , Hibert Kurt , Croteau Philip , Jayne John , Canagaratna Manjula , Malap Neelam , Jayakumar Sandeep , Dixit Shivsai A. , Murugavel Palani , Axisa Duncan , Baumgardner Darrel , DeCarlo Peter F. , Worsnop Doug R. , Prabhakaran Thara
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Cloud seeding experiments for modifying clouds and precipitation have been underway for nearly a century; yet practically all the attempts to link precipitation enhancement or suppression to the presence of seeding materials within clouds remain elusive. In 2019, the Cloud–Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) investigated residuals of cloud hydrometeors in seeded and non-seeded clouds with an airborne mini aerosol mass spectrometer (mAMS). The mAMS was utilized in conjunction with a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) inlet with a cutoff diameter size of approximately 7 µm. The evaporated cloud droplets from the CVI inlet as cloud residuals were evaluated through the mAMS. The chlorine (Cl) associated with hygroscopic materials, i.e. calcium chloride (CaCl2) and potassium (K), which serve as the oxidizing agents in the flares, is found in relatively higher concentrations in the seeded clouds compared to the non-seeded clouds. In convective clouds, Cl and K as cloud residuals were found even at a vertical distance of 2.25 km from the cloud base. Major findings from the seeding impact are an increase in the number concentration of small (< 20 µm) droplets and an indication of raindrop formation at 2.25 km above the cloud base. It is demonstrated that the seed particle signature can be traced inside clouds along with the microphysical impacts.
Mechanisms of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stabilization in mineral associated organic matter – Insights from modelling in phase space
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Cotrufo Francesca
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Understanding the mechanisms of plant-derived carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformation and stabilization in soil is fundamental for predicting soil capacity to mitigate climate change and support other soil functions. The decomposition of plant residues and particulate organic matter (POM) contributes to the formation of mineral associated (on average more stable) organic matter (MAOM) in soil. MAOM is formed from the binding of dissolved organic matter (ex vivo pathway) or microbial necromass and bioproducts (in vivo pathway) to minerals and metal colloids. Which of these two soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization pathways is more important and under which conditions remains an open question. To address this question, we propose a novel diagnostic model to describe C and N dynamics in MAOM as a function of the dynamics of residues and POM decomposition. Focusing on relations among soil compartments (i.e., modelling in phase space) rather than time trajectories allows isolating the fundamental processes underlying stabilization. Using this diagnostic model in combination with a database of ~ 40 studies in which residue C and N were tracked into POM and MAOM, we found that MAOM is predominantly fuelled by necromass produced by microbes decomposing residues and POM—the so-called ‘in vivo’ pathway of stabilization. The relevance of the in vivo pathway is higher in clayey soils, but lower in C rich soils and with N poor added residues. Overall, our novel modelling in phase space proved to be a sound diagnostic tool for the mechanistic investigation of soil C dynamics and supported the current understanding of the critical role of both microbial transformation and mineral capacity for the stabilization of C in mineral soils.
How long does carbon stay in a near-pristine central Amazon forest? An empirical estimate with radiocarbon
Authors: Chanca Ingrid , Levin Ingeborg , Trumbore Susan , Macario Kita , Lavric Jost , Quesada Carlos Alberto , Carioca de Araújo Alessandro , Quaresma Dias Júnior Cléo , van Asperen Hella , Hammer Samuel , Sierra Carlos
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Amazon forests play a significant role in the global C cycle by assimilating large amounts of CO2 through photo- synthesis and storing C largely as biomass and soil organic matter. To evaluate the net budget of C in the Amazon, we must also consider the amplitude and timing of losses of C back to the atmosphere through respiration and biomass burning. One useful timescale metric that integrates such information in terrestrial ecosystems is the transit time of C, defined as the time elapsed between C entering and leaving the ecosystem; transit time is equivalent to the age of C exiting the ecosystem, which occurs mostly through respiration. We estimated the mean transit time of C for a central Amazon forest based on the C age in ecosystem respiration (ER), taking advantage of the large variations in CO2 in the atmosphere below the forest canopy to estimate the radiocarbon signature of mean ER (∆14CER) using Keeling and Miller-Tans mixing models. To evaluate changes in the isotopic signature of the main ER sources, the δ13CER was estimated through Keeling plots using the same samples. We collected air samples in vertical profiles in October 2019 and December 2021 at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) in the central Amazon. Air samples were collected in a diel cycle from two heights below and one above the canopy (4, 24, and 79 m agl, respectively). For the campaign of October 2019, the ∆14CER was 33.9 ± 7.7 ‰ using the Keeling plot method, and 31.6 ± 7.5 ‰ with the Miller-Tans method. In December 2021, ∆14CER was 77.0 ± 28.3 ‰ using the Keeling plot method, and 77.9 ± 24.0 ‰ with the Miller-Tans method. The δ13CER showed a smaller variation, being -27.8 ± 0.3 ‰ in October 2019 and -29.0 ± 0.5 ‰ in December 2021. Combining the ∆14CER estimates with the record of atmospheric radiocarbon from the bomb period, we obtained estimates of the mean transit time of 6 ± 2 years for 2019 and 18 ± 5 years for 2021. In contrast to steady-state carbon balance models that predict constant mean transit times, these results suggest an important level of variation in mean transit times. Nevertheless, new carbon fixed in this tropical forest is respired, on average, in one or two decades, which means that only a fraction of the assimilated C can act as a sink for decades or longer.
Modeling of in support of long-term pathways and EU policies for bending the curve of biodiversity loss
Authors: Havlík Petr , Leclere David , Visconti Piero
Published: April 2024

Reversing the declines in biodiversity trends is a widely adopted goal, reflected in both the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy. In this presentation, we will show two examples of how models and scenarios can be mobilized to provide support to achieving these goals in the context of the broader sustainable agenda. In a first example, multiple economic and biodiversity models are used to assess long-term, global scale, pathways aiming to explore whether—and how—humanity can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion reverse global biodiversity losses (Leclere et al, 2020). The results show that i) immediate efforts of unprecedented ambition and coordination could enable reversing the global terrestrial biodiversity trends caused by habitat conversion, and ii) that an integrated approach, combining increased protection and restoration efforts with sustainable production and consumption measures, is essential to not only enable a bending of global biodiversity trends before 2050, but also limit trade-offs and harness synergies with other sustainable goals. In a second example, we will demonstrate how models and scenarios are also mobilized to support policy design at the EU scale, with an application focusing on assessing the land use, LULUCF emissions and biodiversity implications of EU climate (e.g., Fitfor55 package and LULUCF regulation) and biodiversity (e.g., Nature Restoration Law) and their interactions.
The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6
Authors: Acosta Mario C. , Palomas Sergi , Paronuzzi Ticco Stella V. , Utrera Gladys , Biercamp Joachim , Bretonniere Pierre-Antoine , Budich Reinhard , Castrillo Miguel , Caubel Arnaud , Doblas-Reyes Francisco , Epicoco Italo , Fladrich Uwe , Joussaume Sylvie , Kumar Gupta Alok , Lawrence Bryan , Le Sager Philippe , Lister Grenville , Moine Marie-Pierre , Rioual Jean-Christophe , Valcke Sophie , Zadeh Niki , Balaji Venkatramani
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts aimed at better understanding the past, present, and future of climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 model intercomparison projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its sixth phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40 000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper presents the main findings obtained from the CPMIP (the Computational Performance Model Intercomparison Project), a collection of a common set of metrics, specifically designed for assessing climate model performance. These metrics were exclusively collected from the production runs of experiments used in CMIP6 and primarily from institutions within the IS-ENES3 consortium. The document presents the full set of CPMIP metrics per institution and experiment, including a detailed analysis and discussion of each of the measurements. During the analysis, we found a positive correlation between the core hours needed, the complexity of the models, and the resolution used. Likewise, we show that between 5 %–15 % of the execution cost is spent in the coupling between independent components, and it only gets worse by increasing the number of resources. From the data, it is clear that queue times have a great impact on the actual speed achieved and have a huge variability across different institutions, ranging from none to up to 78 % execution overhead. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that the estimated carbon footprint of running such big simulations within the IS-ENES3 consortium is 1692 t of CO2 equivalent. As a result of the collection, we contribute to the creation of a comprehensive database for future community reference, establishing a benchmark for evaluation and facilitating the multi-model, multi-platform comparisons crucial for understanding climate modelling performance. Given the diverse range of applications, configurations, and hardware utilised, further work is required for the standardisation and formulation of general rules. The paper concludes with recommendations for future exercises aimed at addressing the encountered challenges which will facilitate more collections of a similar nature.
INSPIRE Game: Integration of vulnerability in impact-based forecasting of urban floods
Authors: Singhal Akshay , Crochemore Louise , Ruin Isabelle , Jha Sanjeev
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Extreme precipitation events (EPEs) and flash floods incur huge damage to life and property in urban cities. Precipitation forecasts help predict extreme events; however, they have limitations in anticipating the impacts of extreme events. Impact-based forecasts (IBFs), when integrated with information of hazard, exposure and vulnerability, can anticipate the impacts and suggest emergency decisions. In this study, we present a serious game experiment, called the INSPIRE game, that evaluates the roles of hazards, exposure, and vulnerability in a flash flood situation triggered by EPE. Participants make decisions in two rounds based on the extreme precipitation and flood that occurred over Mumbai on 26 July, 2005. In the first round, participants make decisions for the forthcoming EPE scheduled for later in the afternoon. In the second round, they make decisions for the compound events of extreme precipitation, river flood and high tide. Decisions are collected from 123 participants, predominantly Researchers, PhDs and Masters students. Results show that participant’s use of information to make decisions was based on the severity of the situation. A larger proportion of participants used precipitation forecast and exposure to make correct decisions in the first round, while used precipitation forecast and vulnerability in the second. Higher levels of education and research experience enabled participants to discriminate between the severity of the event and use the appropriate information set presented to them. Additionally, between the choice of qualitative and quantitative information of rainfall, 64% of the participants preferred qualitative over quantitative. Finally, we discuss the relevance and potential of vulnerability integration in IBFs using inferences derived through the serious game.
Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory
Authors: Harrison R. Giles , Riddick John C.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric electricity measurements, principally of the hourly potential gradient (PG), were made continuously at Eskdalemuir Observatory, Scotland (55.314° N, 3.206° W), between 1911 and 1981. Air ion properties were also determined. The sensing apparatus for PG measurement at Eskdalemuir initially used a Kelvin water dropper potential equaliser (1911–1936), followed by a radioactive probe from 1936 and, from 1965, a horizontal stretched wire sensor at 0.5 m, all attached to recording devices. Monthly mean PG data from these instruments are now available digitally. Originally, the data were classified into undisturbed and disturbed days, using the chart record (electrogram). This approach has deficiencies at Eskdalemuir due to mist, fog and calm conditions, which can influence the mean PG despite the day appearing undisturbed on the electrogram. Nevertheless, a correlation with Pacific Ocean temperature fluctuations is apparent in the Eskdalemuir PG data between 1911 and 1950. As at Lerwick, there was an abrupt decrease in the PG caused by nuclear weapon detonations in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The 1950s PG decrease began at Eskdalemuir before that at Lerwick, for which possible additional local factors are evaluated.
Supershear crack propagation in snow slab avalanche release: new insights from numerical simulations and field measurements
Authors: Bobillier Grégoire , Trottet Bertil , Bergfeld Bastian , Simenhois Ron , van Herwijnen Alec , Schweizer Jürg , Gaume Johan
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The release process of dry-snow slab avalanches begins with a localized failure within a porous, weak snow layer that lies beneath a cohesive slab. Subsequently, rapid crack propagation may occur within the weak layer, eventually leading to a tensile fracture across the slab, resulting, if the slope is steep enough, to its detachment and sliding. The dynamics of crack propagation is believed to influence the size of the release area. However, the relationship between crack propagation dynamics and avalanche size remains incompletely understood. Notably, crack propagation speeds estimated from avalanche video analysis are almost one order of magnitude larger than speeds typically measured in field experiments. To shed more light on this discrepancy and avalanche release processes, we used discrete (DEM: discrete element method) and continuum (MPM: material point method) numerical methods to simulate the so-called propagation saw test (PST). On low angle terrain, our models showed that the weak layer failed mainly due to a compressive stress peak at the crack tip induced by weak layer collapse and the resulting slab bending. On steep slopes, we observed the emergence of a supershear crack propagation regime: the crack speed becomes higher than the slab shear wave speed. This transition occurs if the crack propagates over a distance larger than the super-critical crack length (approximately 5 m). Above the super-critical crack length, the fracture is mainly driven by the slope-parallel gravitational pull of the slab (tension) and, thus, shear stresses in the weak layer. These findings represent an essential additional piece in the dry-snow slab avalanche formation puzzle.
The Southern Ocean deep mixing band emerges from a competition between winter buoyancy loss and upper stratification strength
Authors: Caneill Romain , Roquet Fabien , Nycander Jonas
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Southern Ocean hosts a winter deep mixing band (DMB) near the Antarctic Circumpolar Current's (ACC) northern boundary, playing a pivotal role in Subantarctic Mode Water formation. Here, we investigate what controls the presence and geographical extent of the DMB. Using observational data, we construct seasonal climatologies of surface buoyancy fluxes, Ekman buoyancy transport, and upper stratification. The strength of the upper-ocean stratification is determined using the columnar buoyancy index, defined as the buoyancy input necessary to produce a 250 m deep mixed layer. It is found that the DMB lies precisely where the autumn–winter buoyancy loss exceeds the columnar buoyancy found in late summer. The buoyancy loss decreases towards the south, while in the north the stratification is too strong to produce deep mixed layers. Although this threshold is also crossed in the Agulhas Current and East Australian Current regions, advection of buoyancy is able to stabilise the stratification. The Ekman buoyancy transport has a secondary impact on the DMB extent due to the compensating effects of temperature and salinity transports on buoyancy. Changes in surface temperature drive spatial variations in the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). These TEC variations are necessary to explain the limited meridional extent of the DMB. We demonstrate this by comparing buoyancy budgets derived using varying TEC values with those derived using a constant TEC value. Reduced TEC in colder waters leads to decreased winter buoyancy loss south of the DMB, yet substantial heat loss persists. Lower TEC values also weaken the effect of temperature stratification, partially compensating for the effect of buoyancy loss damping. TEC modulation impacts both the DMB characteristics and its meridional extent.
Impacts of climate variations and human influences on groundwater recharge in the semi-arid Trarza aquifer (SW Mauritania)
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Salem , Leduc Christian , Yeslem Sidi , Tagarinska Guinka , Aichete Salek
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Hydrological processes are rapidly changing in semi-arid areas under the double constraint of climate change and anthropization. Such changes were investigated at different scales of time and space in the Trarza aquifer (SW Mauritania), a flat region of about 40 000 km2 with a low rainfall (100 to 250 mm a−1). All old sources of hydrogeological information were exploited in complement with the more recent surveys. The geochemical information shows the importance of Quaternary eustatic variations in the present groundwater mineralization. In spite of very great variations of rainfall, the piezometric stability over the last 50 years shows that infiltration (about 4 mm a−1) did not vary significantly. Since 1989, the big Diama dam has raised the mean level of the Senegal River, which brings an additional inflow to the alluvium and to the Trarza aquifer (about 34 hm3 a−1). Groundwater recharge from the river and rainfall infiltration over the whole area have the same order of magnitude. In the Nouakchott area, the new supply of water to the capital (45 hm3 a−1) has led to a significant groundwater rise and the submersion of several urban districts.
Investigation of drought and flooding areas in coastal countries of West Africa in the context of global warming
Authors: Kodja Domiho Japhet , Quenum Gandomè Mayeul Leger Davy , Koubodana Houteta Djan'na , Amoussou Ernest , Akoteyon Isaiah Sewanu , Akognongbé Arsène Sègla Josué , Ahéhéhinnou Yêdo Mahougnon Fidèle , Mahé Gil , Paturel Jean-Emmanuel , Vissin Expédit Wilfrid , Houndénou Constant
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This study investigated drought and flooding changes in West Africa between 1983–2012 and projected near future (2025–2054) periods. The datasets used are the CHIRTS and CHIRPS-2 for observed reanalysis and five (05) models of ISIMIP2b for Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP1.2-6 and SSP5-8.5). Extremely and very wet days total precipitation (R95pTOT; R99pTOT) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were employed to investigate floods and drought spatial distribution using Sen Slope trend analysis method. The results showed that there is a variability in the spatial distribution of extreme indices with an upward and downward trend of dry and wet rainfall periods in West Africa in both historical and projected periods. This observation suggests that the study area is faced with rainfall variability marked by extreme events. A further examination on the spatial and temporal distribution of flood occurrence showed that more flood events were observed in the Gulf of Guinea and Savannah countries, followed by an increase in uniform spatial distribution and moderate wet days both under SSP1.2.6, and SSP 5.8.5. In addition, result showed that an upward trend in wet periods can cause the occurrence of extreme events associated with floods in the context of global warming. However, with these scenarios negative changes are not excluded in the East, the Sahel and some western part of the Gulf of Guinea in the study area for the SSP5.8.5 scenario. Thus, the results revealed that the spatio- temporal variability of extreme rainfall can have repercussions on the hydrological functioning of watersheds, water availability and water-dependent activities.
Analyse en ondelettes des séries temporelles aux stations de pluies et débits dans le bassin versant de Tortiya amont (Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Amalaman Marc Auriol , Mahé Gil , Diomande Béh Ibrahim , Tra Bi Armand Zamblé , Rouché Nathalie , Nouaceur Zeineddine , Laignel Benoit
Published: April 2024

Abstract. L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les liens entre les indices climatiques et la variabilité des séries de précipitations et de débits. Afin de mieux comprendre la non stationnarité des différentes stations, les données de débits et de pluviométries utilisées concernent la station de Tortiya (1960–1996). Les indices climatiques couplés à ces séries sont l'indice NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) et l'ENSO (El Niño – Southern Oscillation) sur la même période d'étude. La méthodologie a consisté à appliquer l'analyse et la cohérence en ondelettes sur les séries temporelles. Ces méthodes ont mis en évidence les modes de variabilité dans les séries chronologiques : le mode infra annuel, le mode annuel et le mode interannuel (1–2 ans; 2–4 ans; 4–8 ans). D'une part, les résultats montrent que la variabilité du signal est expliquée dans les hautes fréquences (6 mois à 1 an) dans les différentes séries chronologiques. À cette fréquence, c'est le mode annuel (1 an) qui enregistre toute la variabilité du signal comprise entre 30 % et 70 %. D'autre part, ce travail présente aussi des signaux sur d'autres fréquences et périodes assez faibles. L'analyse en ondelette a révélé que le signal dominant est très largement significatif au niveau du cycle annuel. Par ailleurs, l'usage de la cohérence en ondelettes entre les indices climatiques (ENSO, NAO) et les précipitations, indiquent une forte influence du NAO sur les séries pluviométriques et de débits.
Controlling Sedimentation through Regulating the River by Thalpitigala Reservoir Project
Authors: Babarande Guruge Thanura Lasantha , Palugaswewa Bandara , Egashira Shinji
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Mahaweli is the main river in Sri Lanka and it has many main multipurpose reservoirs, especially to cater power and irrigation requirement of the country. Reservoir capacity loss which is the major problems causing to the effectiveness of the major reservoirs in Sri Lanka, is mainly caused by sedimentation due to upstream erosion. Hence proper monitoring, calculating and adopting measures are very important in planning a reservoir. But due to the complex nature of factors effect on sedimentation and lack of long-term data make calculation difficult. This study discusses how different data obtained from numerical modelling and bathymetric surveys of different locations of the catchment and those are used to select and verify the empirical equation, calculation of capacity loss and make proposals to minimise sedimentation for proposed Thalpitigala Multipurpose Project in Mahaweli upper catchment. The outcomes indicate high erosion (690 m3 km−2) and sediment transportation making rapid loosing of the capacity (5.13 MCM in 15 years) of the proposed reservoir. Thus, upper catchment protection with reforestation to reduce erosion, introduction of check dams in the upstream flow to trap the transported sediment and introduction of proper removal measures of deposited sediment are discussed for the proposed reservoir project.
Study on a flood damage reduction countermeasure by installing a spillway on a riverine levee for promoting the initiative of River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All
Authors: Itagaki Osamu , Ohara Miho , Koike Toshio
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In light of the frequent occurrence of unprecedented heavy rains and floods attributable to climate change effects, the importance of the “River Basin Disaster Resilience and Sustainability by All” initiative is being emphasized and promoted strongly in Japan. For promoting discussions on a wide range of countermeasures for flood damage reduction by the initiative, this paper presents a trial estimation result of quantitative flood damage reduction effect by spillway installation on a riverine levee in a protected area where severe flood disasters have occurred in recent years. The result shows that the countermeasure considerably reduce the flooded area, the days required for drainage, and house flood depths. Results also indicate that the average annual damage to paddy fields in the area can be expected to decrease, although the inundation frequency will increase.
Application of Entrainment Velocity Concept for Evaluation of River Morphology: A Numerical Model Study
Authors: Biswas Robin K. , Egashira Shinji , Harada Daisuke
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Conventionally, fine sediment transport is evaluated in terms of advection-diffusion equation of suspended sediment in which the erosion rate of sediment from the bedload layer plays a significant role. The present study aims to evaluate the riverbed evolution and associated morphological changes in fine sediment dominated Bhairab River of Bangladesh by a depth integrated two-dimensional numerical model. The erosion rate of bed sediment has been evaluated by two approaches. The first approach applies the fall velocity of the sediment particle and equilibrium reference sediment concentration. The other employs the entrainment velocity concept. The results obtained from numerical simulations are verified by the field investigations. The results suggest that the riverbed evolution and morphological changes predicted with the entrainment velocity concept show better agreement with the data obtained from the field investigations.
A tale of two floods: Hawkesbury-Nepean valley floods of February 2020 and March 2021
Authors: Sharples Wendy , Bahramian Katayoon , Unnithan Kesav , Rüdiger Christoph , Hou Jiawei , Pickett-Heaps Christopher , Carrara Elisabetta
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Hawkesbury-Nepean valley is one of the largest coastal basins in NSW. It supports the local agriculture industry and is an important environmental asset. Due to its narrow sandstone gorges, which create natural choke points, floodwaters from its major tributaries can rapidly back up, rise and spill out onto the flood plain. Thus, the valley is flood-prone, with a history of disastrous events, aggravated by a constrained road network for evacuation. Two flood events occurred in the Hawkesbury-Nepean valley in 2020 and 2021, however, the impact of each of those events was different in terms of lives lost (2 fatalities compared to none) and economic losses (more than AUD 2 billion compared to less than AUD 1 billion). In this study, reasons for the variation in impacts are explored by determining an inundation likelihood map, derived using a combination of the height above nearest drainage method and streamflow forecasts, and considering antecedent hydrological and climate conditions.
Investing in Resilience: Estimating Financial Needs and Benefits of Flood Protection in Developing Asian Countries
Authors: Ishiwatari Mikio , Sasaki Daisuke
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Investment in disaster risk reduction, which the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction highlights as a priority action, is crucial in mitigating disaster damage. This paper aims to estimate the funding gap and the benefits of investments in flood protection infrastructure in Asia. Budget and damage data were collected from major flood-prone economies in the region. Currently, nine economies invested USD 33.6 billion, or 0.21 % of GDP, in flood protection. Regression analysis indicates that the annual demand for flood protection infrastructure in developing economies will be USD 94.5 billion by 2030, or USD 98.4 billion considering impacts by climate change. Investment in flood protection is cost-effective at the regional level. If these developing economies could invest this amount, the net benefit (benefits minus costs) accumulation is projected to reach USD 263 billion by 2030.
An update on the ecology, seasonality and distribution of Culex modestus in England
Authors: Vaux A.G.C. , Abbott A.J. , Johnston C.J. , Hawkes F.M. , Hopkins R.J. , Cull B. , Gibson G. , Cheke R.A. , Callaghan A. , Medlock J.M.
Published: April 2024

Culex (Barraudius) modestus is an important vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in Europe and it has the potential to play a bridge vector role in future WNV transmission in the UK. Here we provide an update on the known distribution of the species in England based on adult and larval data, characterise the preferred Cx. modestus larval habitats, and present adult and larval data from sites where the species is known to occur. Culex modestus is primarily found in the south-east of England, particularly in North Kent, the Thames Estuary, and along the Essex coast, and as far east as Orford Ness, Suffolk, and in Rainham Marshes, Essex, in the West. Adult numbers peak in mid-late July, with larval numbers highest in late August / early September. Preferred habitats in North Kent are warm, shallow, narrow ditches, with an abundance of marginal, submerged, and floating vegetation. Such environmental data on the distribution, seasonality and habitat preference of Cx. modestus are critical for informing WNV surveillance programmes, identifying at risk areas (associated with this species) and providing information for a targeted control strategy in the event of WNV transmission.
INTRUMENTAL SUPPORT FAMILLY FOR DIET COMPLIANCE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Wibowo Thomas ari , Sisilia Ananda Putri  , Slamet Purnomo
Published: April 2024

Background : Instrumental support is a support that is done in real terms such as helping with medical expenses, preparing food, transportation for routine checks, and can be in the form of providing time to serve and listen to sick families in conveying their feelings. These things are very helpful for people with diabetes mellitus in complying with dietary therapy.

Method : This research design uses a quantitative research approach. The approach method taken is a cross sectional approach with analysis using spearman rank.

Result : With a P value of 0.00 < 0.05, there was a relationship between family instrumental support and diabetes mellitus diet compliance.

Conclusion : According to the findings of this study, there is a correlation between instrumental support and adherence to the diabetes mellitus diet.

Recommendation Of The Research : Instrumental support can be used to support medication for diabetes mellitus.

Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, instrumental support familly, diet adherence
KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MANAJEMEN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENYELSAIKAN PERMASALAHAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN
Authors: Miftah Miftah Al Hafidz , Zuhda Bahtiar Fahmy , Burhan Nurul
Published: April 2024

Kepala sekolah dalam konteks ini memegang peran kunci sebagai pemimpin yang harus mampu meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia, terutama dalam konteks Pendidikan Kejuruan. Penelitian ini melibatkan wawancara mendalam dengan Kepala Sekolah SMK Pembaharuan Purworejo, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. SMK Pembaharuan Purworejo memiliki beberapa permasalahan dalam menghadapi tantangan, seperti penurunan prestasi siswa, masalah moralitas, dan tantangan dalam mempersiapkan siswa untuk perguruan tinggi.

Untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah tersebut, Kepala Sekolah telah menerapkan beberapa strategi baik gaya kepemimpinan dan manajamen. Hal tersebut termasuk mengevaluasi kebijakan sebelumnya, memberikan motivasi dan fasilitas kepada siswa dan guru untuk pengembangan mereka, selain itu juga untuk meningkatkan kesadaran sosial, dan mendalami materi dengan bantuan tentor sebaya.
Surgical Strategies and Monitoring in the Treatment of Oral Fibroma: Case Report
Authors: Alves Luiza Clertiani Vieira , Carvalho Paulo Henrique Rodrigues
Published: April 2024

The present study reports a clinical case of fibroma on the oral mucosa of a 45-year-old patient, addressing the diagnostic and therapeutic steps taken, as well as the outcomes achieved. Fibromas are common benign lesions in the oral cavity, requiring precise clinical management to avoid discomfort and complications to the patient. In this case, the patient reported social discomfort due to the pedunculated and painless lesion on her labial mucosa. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia, followed by suturing, with a postoperative recovery free of complications. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of fibroma, and periodic follow-up showed no signs of recurrence, improving the patient's comfort and aesthetics. This case underscores the im-portance of clinical and histopathological diagnosis, as well as careful follow-up for successful resolution of oral lesions, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary and evidence-based practices in dentistry.
The impact of family screening in patients with Wilson’s disease from the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Cumpata Veronica , Turcan Adela , Sacara Victoria
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare genetic disease with autosomal recessive transmission, thus screening of all family members of newly diagnosed patients is recommended. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the proband’s family members to detect asymptomatic cases and early treatment initiation. Material and methods. There were retrospectively evaluated 12 families, between 2008 - 2023. The Leipzig Scoring System was used to assess the diagnosis. Genetic testing was performed in all cases by the Sanger sequencing method, examining exons with a high and moderate frequency of mutations. Results. All patients were of Caucasian origin, and originally from Moldova. No patient reported consanguineous relationships. In 9 families, first-degree relatives were tested - parents and siblings, in the other 3 cases only their descendants were evaluated. In 6/12 cases: both parents were healthy carriers; in the other 3 families, one parent was a healthy carrier, but the other parent had not been tested. Among siblings, 4 healthy carriers and 2 healthy siblings were identified. 7 new family members with WD were identified in 5/12 families. 6 patients were asymptomatic, and 1 - was symptomatic. The most frequent mutations detected were p.H1069Q and p.G1341D, both as compound heterozygous and homozygous recessive. A rare mutation has been detected. Discussions. Genetic counseling is important for the family of the patient with Wilson’s disease, as the evaluation of first-degree relatives is recommended by all international guidelines. First-degree relatives include the proband’s siblings, as well as the proband’s offspring and parents. It is also important to assess distant relatives, especially in more isolated areas. Although it is an autosomal recessive disorder, systemic family screening is recommended, as cases of paradoxical transmission are recorded. The c.2292C>T variant, identified in one patient, represents a rare mutation that, when occurring in combination with another pathogenic mutation or a homozygous state, can cause WD. Conclusions. Family screening greatly influences identifying asymptomatic members with Wilson’s disease. Genetic testing is very important in differentiating healthy carriers from asymptomatic members, especially when deciding treatment tactics.
CANCER MECHANISM, MOLECULAR TARGETS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC PHYTOCHEMICALS; A REVIEW
Authors: Riaz Sana , Abbas Naaz , Mazhar Sania , Perveen Ishrat , Ashfaq Saira , Essa Ramsha , Saleem Yasar , Syed Quratulain , Abidi Syed Hussain
Published: April 2024

The uncontrolled proliferation of cells leads to cellular accumulation, structural transformation and genetic instabilities ultimately result in the formation of malignant cells. Present day clinical manifestations for cancer management have several adverse effects including limited bioavailability, non-specificity, toxic effect on other cells or tissue.  These therapies involve chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery of tumours and radiotherapy and stem cell therapy. By exploring Chemotheapeutic potential of medicinal plants search for new, novel drug candidates can be explored from the thousands of year’s successful traditional medicinal system verified by the present day, advanced modern research techniques and technology. This would be beneficial for sustainable, conservable, natural resource that can  result in cost management, drug production enhancement and medicine provision or excess to the suffering population.
ANALYSIS OF INDIGENOUS BACTERIAL FLORA FOUND IN LEAD CONTAMINATED SOIL OF FAISALABAD AND HARVESTING ITS ABILITY FOR BIOREMEDIATION
Authors: Hifza Anwar  , Sarmad Habib Khan  , Syed Ali Raza  , Fatima Rida , Arshia Amin
Published: April 2024

Some microorganisms have the ability to either degrade or remove environmental pollutants and could serve an effective role in bioremediation. Lead is a chemically inert heavy metal and if present in toxic amount in environment, can have negative health effects by becoming a part of the natural food chain. The main objective of this experiment was to identify soil micrbiota present in Pb contaminated soil of Faisalabad. WHO has reported elevated levels of lead contamination in water, and air across major cities in Pakistan. It majorly affects children aged 3-5 years and the urban population residing in major cities in Pakistan. Major source of Pb exposure in Pakistan are industrial wastes and effluents discharged directly into environment and it has toxic effects on the human nervous, renal and reproductive systems. Molecular Docking via CB dock is performed taking some bacterial proteins as receptors molecules and lead salts as ligand molecule for insilico analysis of bacterial strain involved in biosorption or biotransformation process. To identify lead tolerant bacteria, soil samples were collected from Pb contaminated sites near Faisalabad, followed by inoculation and purification of bacterial colonies in lead nitrate based culture media. UV spectrophotometry was performed and the colony showing maximum growth rate was subjected to 16s rRNA and Phylogenetic analyses. The identified bacterial species possesses considerably high lead tolerance and further analyzed for potential lead biosorption capabilities.