bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of COVID‐19 on child mental health: Biannual assessments up to April 2022 in a clinical and two general population samples
Authors: Zijlmans Josjan , Tieskens Jacintha M. , van Oers Hedy A. , Alrouh Hekmat , Luijten Michiel A. J. , de Groot Rowdy , van der Doelen Daniël , Klip Helen , van der Lans Rikkert M. , de Meyer Ronald , van der Mheen Malindi , Ruisch I. Hyun , van den Berg Germie , Bruining Hilgo , Buitelaar Jan , van der Rijken Rachel , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Kleinjan Marloes , Lindauer Ramón J. L. , Oostrom Kim J. , Staal Wouter , Vermeiren Robert , Cornet Ronald , Haverman Lotte , Popma Arne , Bartels Meike , Polderman Tinca J. C.
Published: March 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had an acute impact on child mental and social health, but long‐term effects are still unclear. We examined how child mental health has developed since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic up to 2 years into the pandemic (April 2022).

Methods

We included children (age 8–18) from two general population samples (N = 222–1333 per measurement and N = 2401–13,362 for pre‐covid data) and one clinical sample receiving psychiatric care (N = 334–748). Behavioral questionnaire data were assessed five times from April 2020 till April 2022 and pre‐pandemic data were available for both general population samples. We collected parent‐reported data on internalizing and externalizing problems with the Brief Problem Monitor and self‐reported data on Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Sleep‐related impairments, Anger, Global health, and Peer relations with the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®).

Results

In all samples, parents reported overall increased internalizing problems, but no increases in externalizing problems, in their children. Children from the general population self‐reported increased mental health problems from before to during the pandemic on all six PROMIS domains, with generally worst scores in April 2021, and scores improving toward April 2022 but not to pre‐pandemic norms. Children from the clinical sample reported increased mental health problems throughout the pandemic, with generally worst scores in April 2021 or April 2022 and no improvement. We found evidence of minor age effects and no sex effects.

Conclusions

Child mental health in the general population has deteriorated during the first phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic, has improved since April 2021, but has not yet returned to pre‐pandemic levels. Children in psychiatric care show worsening of mental health problems during the pandemic, which has not improved since. Changes in child mental health should be monitored comprehensively to inform health care and policy.
Enumeration of spanning trees of complete multipartite graphs containing a fixed spanning forest
Authors: Li Danyi , Chen Wuxian , Yan Weigen
Published: March 2023

Moon's classical result implies that the number of spanning trees of a complete graph with vertices containing a given spanning forest equals , where is the number of components of , and are the numbers of vertices of component of . Dong and Ge extended this result to the complete bipartite graph, and obtain an interesting formula to count spanning trees of a complete bipartite graph containing a given spanning forest . They also posed the problem to count spanning trees of a complete ‐partite graph containing a given spanning forest for . In this paper, we propose a technique to solve this problem. Using this technique, we obtain closed formulae to count spanning trees of complete ‐partite graphs containing a given spanning forest for and 4. Our technique also results in a new and simple proof of Dong and Ge's formula.
C5 ${C}_{5}$ is almost a fractalizer
Authors: Lidický Bernard , Mattes Connor , Pfender Florian
Published: March 2023

We determine the maximum number of induced copies of a 5‐cycle in a graph on vertices for every . Every extremal construction is a balanced iterated blow‐up of the 5‐cycle with the possible exception of the smallest level where for , the Möbius ladder achieves the same number of induced 5‐cycles as the blow‐up of a 5‐cycle on eight vertices. This result completes the work of Balogh, Hu, Lidický, and Pfender, who proved an asymptotic version of the result. Similarly to their result, we also use the flag algebra method, but we use a new and more sophisticated approach which allows us to extend its use to small graphs.
Comparison of clinical manifestations in mpox patients living with HIV versus without HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shin Hyoin , Shin Heeje , Rahmati Masoud , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Smith Lee , Rhee Sang Youl , Kwon Rosie , Kim Min Seo , Kim Sunyoung , Il Shin Jae , Min Chanyang , Cho Wonyoung , Yon Dong Keon
Published: March 2023

Currently, many cases of mpox patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported. Immunocompromised mpox patients, including those living with HIV are noted for an increased risk for severe symptoms; however, existing studies did not focus on the statistical comparison of mpox outcomes associated with HIV. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate and compare the clinical manifestations of mpox in people living with HIV (PLWH) and people without HIV. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to March 7, 2023. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence along with the 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the odds ratio and its corresponding 95% CIs were calculated to elucidate the significance of each clinical feature for mpox patients with and without HIV. In this study, we included 99 published papers with 2413 patients with mpox (median age, 35.5 years; PLWH n = 1151) from 27 countries across six continents. The odds ratio of the mpox outcomes with PLWH in comparison to patients without HIV was found to be significant for skin rash (1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.53), proctitis (2.03, 95% CI: 1.36–3.04), cough (0.57, 95% CI: 0.33–0.98), and diarrhea (3.85, 95% CI: 1.24–11.98). The odds ratio of mpox patients with HIV for historical infections of syphilis was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.38–3.32), compared with those without HIV. This is the first international and comprehensive study that performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to statistically measure mpox manifestations according to HIV status. As clinical features related to mucosal contact were characteristically pronounced in PLWH, our systematic review provides insight that the primary invasion site of infection strongly relates to the outcomes of mpox.
Holographic waveguide display with large field of view based on volume holographic grating
Authors: Wang Chuang , Zhang Yuning , Weng Yishi , Shen Zhongwen , Wei Ran , Gu Yuchen , Zhang Lixuan
Published: March 2023

The field of view (FOV) of waveguide display systems based on volume holographic grating (VHG) is primarily constrained by the diffraction response bandwidth, which is currently insufficient to meet the need for AR immersive displays. Through the composite diffraction response bandwidths, red‐responsive and green‐responsive double‐layer VHG structures are proposed to expand the FOV under varied image sources. The influence of several input spectral bandwidths on FOV improvement is also considered, and OLED micro‐display and LCOS micro‐display are selected as image sources. As a consequence, the horizontal FOV of the red‐responsive double‐layer VHG waveguide based on the LCOS micro‐display is 19.5°, and that of the green‐responsive double‐layer VHG waveguide based on the OLED micro‐display is 33.4°. Through the simulation and experiment, we effectively illustrate the effect of the double‐layer VHG and the input spectral bandwidth on the FOV.
Authentic omnichannel: Providing consumers with a seamless brand experience through authenticity
Authors: Massi Marta , Piancatelli Chiara , Vocino Andrea
Published: March 2023

Omnichannel represents a customer‐oriented distribution paradigm through which retailers can deliver a seamless customer experience and create an authentic brand narrative that is communicated to customers across diverse touchpoints. Despite the increasing relevance of the omnichannel approach, research on how omnichannel can affect the customer experience remains scant. This research consists of a qualitative study and three experimental studies. Drawing from signaling theory, we contend that the signal congruency established by omnichannel—where all the channels are aligned and convey a consistent message to customers—can enhance consumers' purchase intention and perceptions of brand authenticity. We further investigate the role of brand authenticity as a mediator of the relationship between multichannel customer experience (seamless vs. nonseamless) and purchase intention, as well as of brand untrustworthiness as a moderator of the relationship between multichannel customer experience and brand authenticity. The results show that a seamless multichannel customer experience has a significant main effect on purchase intention and that participants in the seamless multichannel customer experience condition perceive the brand as more authentic than those in the nonseamless multichannel customer experience condition. Both the mediation and moderation hypotheses are supported. These findings enhance the literature on signaling theory and omnichannel. They also provide insightful implications for retailers in terms of managing the omnichannel customer experience. Overall, this study integrates the research areas of brand authenticity and omnichannel and provides valuable insights by indicating how seamlessness can boost consumers' perception of brand authenticity. Furthermore, the study advances our knowledge by investigating the impact of brand authenticity as both a result of the omnichannel customer experience and a predictor of purchase intention.
Characterization and quantification of oxidative stress induced particle debris from polypropylene surgical mesh
Authors: Farr Nicholas T. H. , Rauert Cassandra , Knight Alexander J. , Tartakovskii Alexander I. , Thomas Kevin V.
Published: March 2023

Explanted polypropylene (PP) surgical mesh has frequently been reported to show surface alterations, such as cracks and flaking. However, to date the consequence of PP mesh degradation is not clearly understood, particularly its potential to influence the biological host response of surrounding tissues. Of particular concern is a possible host reaction to polypropylene particles released through degradation of surgical mesh in vivo. This concern is driven by previous studies which have postulated that an oxidative stress environment has the potential to etch away particles from the surface of a PP fibers. The release of such particles is of considerable significance as particles in the nano‐ to micro range have been shown to have the capacity to irritate cells and stimulate the immune system. The authors are not aware of any previous studies that have attempted to characterize, quantify or identify any particles released from PP mesh after exposure to an oxidative stress environment. Characterization of the PP mesh, post oxidative stress exposure, including identification of particles was achieved through application of a range of techniques: low voltage‐scanning electron microscopy (LV‐SEM), pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Pyr‐GCMS), nano‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nano‐FTIR), scattering‐type, scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and uniaxial tensile testing. The findings of this study indicate that oxidative stress alone is a major factor in the production of PP particle debris. PP debris identified within solution, using Pyr‐GCMS, was shown to be in order of the micron scale.
P(AMPS‐co‐PEGMA)‐doped and PVDF‐HFP‐enhanced stretchable polymer electrolytes: application as flexible electrochromic devices
Authors: Wang Dong , Zheng Pengxuan , Yu Zhiwei , Wang Xiangwei , Li Tingxi
Published: March 2023

Polymer electrolytes are being considered as an effective solution for electrochemical devices to replace currently used organic liquid electrolytes due to their excellent mechanical properties and security. Herein, we prepared stretchable polymer electrolytes (SPEs) doped with poly[(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid)‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate] (P(AMPS‐co‐PEGMA)) and enhanced with poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene] (PVDF‐HFP), through UV in situ polymerization. The SPEs showed good mechanical performance with an elongation of more than 40% and ionic conductivity reaching the order of 10−3 S cm−1. In terms of application, flexible electrochromic devices based on the UV in situ‐prepared SPEs were assembled, the color switching performance being still good even after 400 switching cycles and 1000 bending cycles, which indicated that the SPEs could have excellent prospects in application for flexible devices. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Controlling high‐speed droplet splashing and superspreading behavior on anisotropic superhydrophobic leaf surfaces by ecofriendly Pseudogemini surfactants
Authors: Xin Jinlan , Jia Kangle , Yu Longfei , Li Huanling , Ning Junhua , Zheng Xiaoshan , Wu Haifu , Liu Xingxing , Huang Linjia , Wen Wu
Published: March 2023

Background

Efficient deposition of high‐speed droplets on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces remains an important challenge. For anisotropic wired superhydrophobic leaf surfaces, the splashing phenomenon is especially serious because it leads to the low effective utilization of pesticides by biological targets. The lost pesticides cause serious ecological environment pollution, therefore there is an urgent need to develop a green and sustainable cost‐effective strategy to achieve efficient deposition of high‐speed droplets on anisotropic superhydrophobic leaf surfaces at low dosage.

Results

One type of green pseudogemini surfactant is constructed based on fatty acids and hexamethylenediamine by electrostatic interaction to control the splashing and spreading of high‐speed droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. The formed surfactant can not only achieve complete inhibition of the bouncing of droplets, but also promote rapid spreading on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces at very low usage. The efficient deposition and superspreading phenomenon are attributed to the rapid migration and adsorption of the surfactant from the dynamic spherical micelles at the newly formed solid–liquid interface, the network‐like aggregated spherical micelles, and the Marangoni effect caused by the surface tension gradient. Moreover, the surfactant shows an excellent synergistic effect with herbicides to control weeds by inhibiting droplet splashing.

Conclusion

This work provides a simpler, more effective and sustainable approach to utilize aggregated spherical micelles rather than conventional vesicles or wormlike micelles to improve the droplet deposition on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces and reduce the impact of surfactants and pesticides on the ecological environment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of Ce3+Content and Annealing Temperature on the Optical and Scintillation Properties of Ce3+‐Doped Y3Al5O12Nanoscintillator Synthesized by Sol–Gel Route
Authors: Zahra Billel , Guerbous Lakhdar , Bousbia-Salah Hicham , Boukerika Allaoua
Published: March 2023

Herein, details on the effect of Ce3+concentration and annealing temperature on luminescence and scintillation properties of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+(YAG:Ce3+) nanoscintillator powders, prepared by sol–gel method, have been investigated. Despite extensive research on YAG:Ce3+single crystal, the behavior of this material at the nanoscale is still not fully understood. The photoluminescence spectra of nanoscintillator powders have been measured and analyzed. To properly assess the scintillation properties, the nanoscintillator sample powders are developed for use as a radiation detector and underwent preparation procedures, including surface homogenization and efficient coupling with a photomultiplier tube window. It is shown that even with nanoscintillator powders, pulse height spectra, with well‐resolved photo‐peak from the Compton edge, and scintillation decay curves are obtained. It is found that 0.5 mol% Ce3+sample annealed at 1000 °C presents the nonradiative quenching concentration with calculated critical distance of 20.21 Å based on the resonance transfer by electric multipole–multipole interaction. Additionally, the sample detector with 0.5 mol% Ce3+annealed at 1150 °C exhibits the highest light yield (LY) with value 18 900 ph MeV−1and a better energy resolution value 10% full‐width and half‐maximum under 662 keVγ‐ray from137Cs source.
Irrelevant Corrections at the Quantum Hall Transition
Authors: Slevin Keith , Ohtsuki Tomi
Published: March 2023

The quantum Hall effect is one of the most extensively studied topological effects in solid‐state physics. The transitions between different quantum Hall states exhibit critical phenomena described by universal critical exponents. Numerous numerical finite size scaling studies have focused on the critical exponent ν for the correlation length. In such studies, it is important to take proper account of irrelevant corrections to scaling. Recently, Dresselhaus et al. proposed a new scaling ansatz, which they applied to the two terminal conductance of the Chalker–Coddington model. Herein, their proposal is applied to the previously reported data for the Lyapunov exponents of that model using both polynomial fitting and Gaussian process fitting.
Recent Advances in Carbon‐Nitrogen/Carbon‐Oxygen Bond Formation Under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Rui , Song Chang‐Yang , Sui Zhe , Yuan Ye , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Chen Cheng
Published: March 2023

Carbon‐heteroatom bond formation under transition‐metal free conditions provides a powerful synthetic alternative for the efficient synthesis of valuable molecules. In particular, C−N and C−O bonds are two important types of carbon‐heteroatom bonds. Thus, continuous efforts have been deployed to develop novel C−N/C−O bond formation methodologies involving various catalysts or promoters under TM‐free conditions, which enables the synthesis of various functional molecules comprising C−N/C−O bonds in a facile and sustainable manner. Considering the significance of C−N/C−O bond construction in organic synthesis and materials science, this review aims to comprehensively present selected examples on the construction of C−N (including amination and amidation) and C−O (including etherification and hydroxylation) bonds without transition metals. Besides, the involved promoters/catalysts, substrate scope, potential application and possible reaction mechanisms are also systematically discussed.
Russell Earl Marker and the Beginning of the Steroidal Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I.
Published: March 2023

A biographical essay is presented on the chemical research of Russell E. Marker (1902–1995). The biography begins in 1925 with Marker's decision to forgo a Ph.D. in chemistry because he did not wish to complete the course requirements at the University of Maryland. Marker then took a position at the Ethyl Gasoline Company where he helped develop the octane rating for gasoline. He then moved to the Rockefeller Institute where he studied the Walden inversion, and then to Penn State College where his already prolific publication record soared to even greater heights. In the 1930s, Marker became fascinated with steroids and their potential as pharmaceuticals and collected specimens from plants in the southwest US and Mexico, discovering many sources of steroidal sapogenins. With his students at Penn State College, where he rose to full professor, he discovered the structure of these sapogenins and invented the “Marker degradation” that converted diosgenin and other sapogenins into progesterone. Together with Emeric Somlo and Federico Lehmann, he co‐founded Syntex and began the manufacture of progesterone. Shortly thereafter, he left Syntex, began another pharmaceutical company in Mexico, then quit chemistry altogether. A discussion of Marker's legacies and the ironies in his professional career is provided.
Modeling of the electromagnetic field based on rational mechanics approach
Authors: Zhilin Pavel A.
Published: March 2023

This article discusses a possibility of deriving the basic equations of electrodynamics by means of the rational continuum mechanics principles and methods. We show that in order to give rise to the challenge, one needs to consider an elastic continuum of two‐spin particles of a special kind. We derive classical Maxwell's equations and discuss reasons limiting their application. After that, we propose more general equations that presumably provide a more correct description of the electromagnetic field.
The Trade-Offs of Judicial Governance
Authors: Castillo-Ortiz Pablo
Published: March 2023

This chapter presents the main models of judicial governance in Europe, adding an important dimension of institutional design to the analysis: their level of de jure independence vis-à-vis political actors. The chapter relies on typologies and case knowledge to explain the advantages and risks of each type of approach to judicial governance. It also shows that countries based on the judicial council model have a lower average quality of democracy even if we take into account the distinction between more or less politically independent judicial councils.
Bewertungsmetrik für die Bildqualität bei automatisierten optischen Inspektionsanwendungen
Authors: Topalis Philip , Höhner Marvin , Stoller Fabian , Gill Milapji Singh , Fay Alexander
Published: March 2023

Die Sicherstellung qualitativ hochwertiger Bilder in der automatisierten optischen Inspektion (AOI) auf der Basis von Bildverarbeitungsmethoden ist eine notwendige Voraussetzung, um sinnvolle Entscheidungen zu treffen. Verschiedene Einflussfaktoren können sich jedoch negativ auf diese Aufgabe auswirken und zu ungeeigneten Bildern führen. Der Systemaufbau, die Charakteristika des zu untersuchenden Objekts, wie beispielsweise Unregelmäßigkeiten oder Muster, sowie die Durchführung der Untersuchung sind nur einige Beispiele von vielen. In Anwendungsfällen, in denen eine hohe Bildqualität aufgrund der genannten Einflussfaktoren nicht sichergestellt werden kann, ist es erforderlich, die erfassten Bilddaten automatisch hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für eine robuste automatisierte optische Inspektion zu bewerten. Zu diesem Zweck müssen geeignete Bewertungsmetriken verglichen und entsprechend den spezifischen Anforderungen des Anwendungsfalls ausgewählt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine in den laufenden Betrieb eines AOI-Systems integrierte Bildqualitätsbewertung vorgestellt. Zu diesem Zweck wird im Prozess zwischen der Bilderfassung und der Bildauswertung ein zusätzliches Modul integriert, das in der Lage ist, nicht verwertbare Bilder zu detektieren. Die Anwendung wird anhand eines Demonstrators gezeigt, der Erkenntnisse für die konkrete Umsetzung von AOI-Aufgaben liefern soll.
Advanced Feature Extraction Workflow for Few Shot Object Recognition
Authors: Brüning Markus , Wunderlich Paul , Dörksen Helene
Published: March 2023

Object recognition is well known to have a high importance in various fields. Example applications are anomaly detection and object sorting. Common methods for object recognition in images divide into neural and non-neural approaches: Neural-based concepts, e.g. using deep learning techniques, require a lot of training data and involve a resource intensive learning process. Additionally, when working with a small number of images, the development effort increases. Common non-neural feature detection approaches, such as SIFT, SURF or AKAZE, do not require these steps for preparation. They are computationally less expensive and often more efficient than the neural-based concepts. On the downside, these algorithms usually require grey-scale images as an input. Thus, information about the color of the reference image cannot be considered as a determinant for recognition. Our objective is to achieve an object recognition approach by eliminating the “color blindness” of key point extraction methods by using a combination of SIFT, color histograms and contour detection algorithms. This approach is evaluated in context of object recognition on a conveyor belt. In this scenario, objects can only be recorded while passing the camera’s field of vision. The approach is divided into three stages: In the first step, Otsu’s method is applied among other computer vision algorithms to perform automatic edge detection for object localization. Within the subsequent second stage, SIFT extracts key points out of the previously identified region of interest. In the last step, color histograms of the specified region are created to distinguish between objects that feature a high similarity in the extracted key points. Only one image is sufficient to serve as a template. We are able to show that developing and applying a concept with a combination of SIFT, histograms and edge detection algorithms successfully compensates the color blindness of the SIFT algorithm. Promising results in the conducted proof of concept are achieved without the need for implementing complex and time consuming methods.
Introduction
Authors: Okamoto Masaaki , Osawa Takamasa , Prasetyawan Wahyu , Binawan Akhwan
Published: March 2023

This introductory chapter explains the background of the book. The book was the result of transdisciplinary collaborative research on tropical peatland problems in Indonesia. This chapter describes how the tropical peatlands have emerged as a new development frontier for plantation opening and have experienced serious ecological degradation, causing fire and international smoke damage, and also how the Indonesian government and international organizations have begun to conserve and restore tropical peatlands. The chapter argues that today’s peatlands are a political arena involving diverse stakeholders including donors, central government ministries, local governments, environmental NGOs, forestry and plantation companies, and thousands of local communities as peatlands have become a contested space for plantation development and environmental conservation. And it is at the local level, especially the village level in and near the peatlands that the severe conflict of interests has occurred. There has not been much inter-disciplinary and transdisciplinary research on the peatlands at the local level. That is the reason why our research has focused on peatland conservation and restoration efforts at the local level, especially at the village level in this book.
Fisheries of the Rantau Baru and Kampar Rivers, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Nofrizal  , Jhonnerie Romie , Thamrin  , Raza’i Tengku Said , Sa’am Zulfan , Nakagawa Hikaru
Published: March 2023

Rivers and peat swamps provide fishing grounds that can support the people living in Rantau Baru. Survey activities were conducted to describe the capture fisheries business carried out by fishers. The survey results show that 109 of 623 residents work as fishers, including women. Small-scale traditional fishing gear, such as traps, gillnets, mini long lines, set nets, pole and line, and cash nets are used, but traps are the dominant gear. Transportation to catch fish relies on boats, outboard motorboats, and fishing vessels. The outboard motorboat is widely used by fishers because of its small size and ability to navigate shallow and narrow waters. At least 44 species of fish from 10 families are caught and sold by fishers. Catches fluctuate according to the seasons, with increases during the flood season and decreases during the dry season. The fishing grounds also have potential for recreational fishing activities, as fishers earned US$37,242.67 from boat rental services for fishing-related tourism activities in 2019. This chapter provides an overview of the fishing activities and the economic value generated from fishing activities in the rivers and peat swamps of Rantau Baru.
Calibrations for the Volume of Unit Vector Fields in Dimension 2
Authors: Albuquerque Rui
Published: March 2023

We use the theory of calibrations to write an equation of a minimal volume vector field on a given Riemann surface.
Retropubic slings are more efficient than transobturator at 10-year follow-up: a Swedish register-based study
Authors: Alexandridis Vasileios , Lundmark Drca Anna , Ek Marion , Westergren Söderberg Marie , Andrada Hamer Maria , Teleman Pia
Published: March 2023

Introduction and hypothesis

Long-term performance of mid-urethral slings (MUS) and potential differences between the retropubic and the transobturator technique for insertion are scarcely studied. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety 10 years after surgery and compare the two main surgical techniques used.

Methods

Women who underwent surgery with a MUS between 2006 and 2010 were identified using the Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery and were invited 10 years after the operation to answer questionnaires regarding urinary incontinence and its impact on quality-of-life parameters (UDI-6, IIQ-7) and impression of improvement, as well as questions regarding possible sling-related complications and reoperation.

Results

The subjective cure rate reported by 2421 participating women was 63.3%. Improvement was reported by 79.2% of the participants. Women in the retropubic group reported higher cure rates, lower urgency urinary incontinence rates and lower UDI-6 scores. No difference was shown between the two methods regarding complications, reoperation due to complications or IIQ-7 scores. Persisting sling-related symptoms were reported by 17.7% of the participants, most commonly urinary retention. Mesh exposure was reported by 2.0%, reoperation because of the tape by 5.6% and repeated operation for incontinence by 6.9%, significantly more in the transobturator group (9.1% vs. 5.6%). Preoperative urinary retention was a strong predictor for impaired efficacy and safety at 10 years.

Conclusions

Mid-urethral slings demonstrate good results for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and tolerable complication profiles in a 10-year perspective. The retropubic approach displays higher efficacy than the transobturator, with no difference regarding safety.
Similar image matching via global topology consensus
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Yao Junfeng , Long Junyi
Published: March 2023

Recovering three-dimensional structure from images is one of the important researches in computer vision. The quality of feature matching is one of the keys to obtaining more accurate results. However, as different objects or different surfaces of objects have similar images with the same elements and different typography, the camera pose estimation will be wrong and the task will fail. This paper proposes a new mismatch elimination algorithm based on global topology consistency. We first formulate the matching task as a mathematical model based on the global constraints, then convert the feature matching into grid matching, calculate the confidence of the grids according to the changes in the angle and displacement between correspondence grid vectors, and remove the mismatches with low confidence. The experiments have demonstrated that our proposed method performs better than the state-of-the-art feature matching methods to accomplish outlier match rejection in the task of similar image matching and could be helped to obtain the correct camera pose to reconstruct more complete and more accurate object models.
Central nodes of canine functional brain networks are concentrated in the cingulate gyrus
Authors: Szabó Dóra , Janosov Milán , Czeibert Kálmán , Gácsi Márta , Kubinyi Enikő
Published: March 2023

Compared to the field of human fMRI, knowledge about functional networks in dogs is scarce. In this paper, we present the first anatomically-defined ROI (region of interest) based functional network map of the companion dog brain. We scanned 33 awake dogs in a “task-free condition”. Our trained subjects, similarly to humans, remain willingly motionless during scanning. Our goal is to provide a reference map with a current best estimate for the organisation of the cerebral cortex as measured by functional connectivity. The findings extend a previous spatial ICA (independent component analysis) study (Szabo et al. in Sci Rep 9(1):1.25.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51752-2, 2019), with the current study including (1) more subjects and (2) improved scanning protocol to avoid asymmetric lateral distortions. In dogs, similarly to humans (Sacca et al. in J Neurosci Methods.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109084, 2021), ageing resulted in increasing framewise displacement (i.e. head motion) in the scanner. Despite the inherently different approaches between model-free ICA and model-based ROI, the resulting functional networks show a remarkable similarity. However, in the present study, we did not detect a designated auditory network. Instead, we identified two highly connected, lateralised multi-region networks extending to non-homotropic regions (Sylvian L, Sylvian R), including the respective auditory regions, together with the associative and sensorimotor cortices and the insular cortex. The attention and control networks were not split into two fully separated, dedicated networks. Overall, in dogs, fronto-parietal networks and hubs were less dominant than in humans, with the cingulate gyrus playing a central role. The current manuscript provides the first attempt to map whole-brain functional networks in dogs via a model-based approach.
Extracellular matrix protein anosmin-1 overexpression alters dopaminergic phenotype in the CNS and the PNS with no pathogenic consequences in a MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Villadiego Javier , García-Swinburn Roberto , García-González Diego , Lebrón-Galán Rafael , Murcia-Belmonte Verónica , García-Roldán Ernesto , Suárez-Luna Nela , Nombela Cristina , Marchena Miguel , de Castro Fernando , Toledo-Aral Juan José
Published: March 2023

The development and survival of dopaminergic neurons are influenced by the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway. Anosmin-1 (A1) is an extracellular matrix protein that acts as a major regulator of this signaling pathway, controlling FGF diffusion, and receptor interaction and shuttling. In particular, previous work showed that A1 overexpression results in more dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb. Prompted by those intriguing results, in this study, we investigated the effects of A1 overexpression on different populations of catecholaminergic neurons in the central (CNS) and the peripheral nervous systems (PNS). We found that A1 overexpression increases the number of dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons and alters the striosome/matrix organization of the striatum. Interestingly, these numerical and morphological changes in the nigrostriatal pathway of A1-mice did not confer an altered susceptibility to experimental MPTP-parkinsonism with respect to wild-type controls. Moreover, the study of the effects of A1 overexpression was extended to different dopaminergic tissues associated with the PNS, detecting a significant reduction in the number of dopaminergic chemosensitive carotid body glomus cells in A1-mice. Overall, our work shows that A1 regulates the development and survival of dopaminergic neurons in different nuclei of the mammalian nervous system.
Comparative effectiveness of different pedicle screw density patterns in spinal deformity correction of small and flexible operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis
Authors: Chotigavanichaya Chatupon , Adulkasem Nath , Pisutbenya Jirachai , Ruangchainikom Monchai , Luksanapruksa Panya , Wilartratsami Sirichai , Ariyawatkul Thanase , Korwutthikulrangsri Ekkapoj
Published: March 2023

Purposes

An optimal pedicle screw density for spinal deformity correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains poorly defined. We compared radiographic correction, operative time, estimated blood loss, and implant cost among different screw density patterns in operatively treated AIS patients.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study of AIS patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion using all-pedicle screw instrumentation was conducted from January 2012 to December 2018. All patients were categorized into three different pedicle screw density groups: the very low density (VLD), the low density (LD), and the high density (HD) group. The comparative effectiveness between each pairwise comparison was performed under the inverse probability of the treatment weighting method to minimize the possible confounders imbalance among treatment groups. The primary endpoints in this study were the degrees of correction and deformity progression at 2 years postoperatively.

Results

A total of 174 AIS patients were included in this study. The adjusted treatment effects demonstrated similar degrees of deformity correction after 2 years in the three treatment groups. However, the VLD and LD group slightly increased the curve progression at 2 years compared to the HD group by 3.9° (p = 0.005) and 3.2° (p = 0.044), respectively. Nevertheless, the limited screw density patterns (VLD and LD) significantly reduced the operative time, estimated blood loss, and implant cost per operated level.

Conclusion

The limited pedicle screw pattern (VLD and LD) in relatively flexible AIS spinal deformity correction results in similar coronal and sagittal radiological outcomes while reducing operative time, estimated blood loss, and implant cost compared to the high-density pedicle screw instrumentation.
Climate data uncertainty for agricultural impact assessments in West Africa
Authors: Romanovska Paula , Gleixner Stephanie , Gornott Christoph
Published: March 2023

Reliable information on climate impacts can support planning processes to make the agricultural sector—which has cascading effects on food security, livelihoods and the security situation—more resilient. Subsequently, uncertainties in past and future climate data need to be decreased and better understood. In this study, we analysed the quality and limitations of different past and future climate data sets to be used for agricultural impact assessments in West Africa. The high differences between the three analysed past climate data sets underline the high observational uncertainty in West Africa and show the influence of selecting the observational data set for the bias-adjustment of climate model data. The ten CMIP6 (Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6) models show regional and model-dependent biases with similar systematic biases as have been observed in earlier CMIP versions. Although the bias-adjusted version of this data (ISIMIP3b—Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project) aligns overall well with observations, we could detect some regional strong deviations from observations for some agroclimatological indices. The use of the multi-model ensemble mean has resulted in an improved agreement of CMIP6 and the bias-adjusted ISIMIP3b data with observations. Choosing a sub-ensemble of bias-adjusted models could only improve the performance of the ensemble mean locally but not over the whole region. Therefore, our results suggest the use of the whole model ensemble for agricultural impact assessments in West Africa. While averaging the impact results over all climate models can serve as a best guess, the spread of the results over all models should be considered to give insights into the uncertainties. This study can support agricultural impact modelling in quantifying climate risk hotspots as well as suggesting suitable adaptation measures to increase the resilience of the agricultural sector in West Africa.
Clinico-epidemiological survey of feline parvovirus circulating in three Egyptian provinces from 2020 to 2021
Authors: Abdel-Baky Mohamed M.M. , El-Khabaz Khaled A.S. , Abdelbaset Abdelbaset E. , Hamed Maha I.
Published: March 2023

Feline parvovirus infection, caused by feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus 2, is a highly contagious, life-threatening disease affecting cats. The available epidemiological data on parvovirus infection in cats in Egypt is limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide data concerning the epidemiological profile of cats infected with parvovirus, including the prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats in three Egyptian provinces (Sohag, Assiut, and Cairo) and the associated risk factors. Using rapid antigen tests of fecal samples and conventional PCR, the overall prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats was found to be 35% (35/100) and 43% (43/100), respectively. Anorexia, bloody diarrhea, severe dehydration, hypothermia, and vomiting were the most common clinical findings significantly associated with parvovirus-infected cats. The geographical location (Sohag) and the season (winter) were both statistically significant risk factors for parvovirus infection. These findings indicate that parvoviruses are circulating in different regions of Egypt. Our study provides baseline epidemiological data for future preventive and control measures against parvovirus infection, as well as highlighting the need for future genomic surveillance studies involving a large study population from various parts of Egypt in order to better shape the epidemiological picture of parvovirus infection.
Code Red for Humanity: The Role of Business Ethics as We Transgress Planetary Thresholds
Authors: Nilsen Heidi Rapp
Published: March 2023

The urgency of the ecological crisis, described as a ‘code red for humanity’, is also a call to the business ethics community to work even harder for a safe space for humanity. This commentary suggests two specific domains of engagement, with the aim of having more impact in mitigating the ecological crisis: (1) the empirical fact of non-negotiable biophysical thresholds to convey the status and severity of the crisis, and (2) the need for strong laws and regulations—and compliance with these—to guide the aggregated economic activity away from further transgressing biophysical thresholds. Traditionally, business ethics focusses on why and how business can contribute beyond compliance with laws and regulations. By engaging more explicitly with the other two domains, our business ethics community can contribute to distinguish between which are value discussions and which are not, and to the necessity and legitimacy of laws and regulations. This text is a proposal on how we can use business ethics, hence the form of a commentary.
Environmental assessment of a new building envelope material derived from urban agriculture wastes: the case of the tomato plants stems
Authors: Llorach-Massana Pere , Cirrincione Laura , Sierra-Perez Jorge , Scaccianoce Gianluca , La Gennusa Maria , Peña Javier , Rieradevall Joan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Decarbonizing cities is one of today’s biggest challenges. In this regard, particular attention has been paid on improving the environmental performance of buildings. In this framework, this work consists in assessing the environmental impact of an innovative building envelope component derived from urban agriculture (UA) wastes. In fact, rooftop UA seems to be a possible solution to the rising food demand due to increasing urban demographic growth. Consequently, rooftop UA wastes need to be treated in sustainable ways.

Methods

This study aims to determine the carbon footprint and embodied energy of a new infill wall material, derived from UA wastes produced by a building rooftop greenhouse tomato crop, and evaluate the potential biogenic carbon that such by-product could fix temporally until its end of life. After an initial description of the manufacturing process of the new material, its carbon footprint and embodied energy have been calculated by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology according to the ISO 14044 and the ISO 14067 guidelines adapted to the analyzed context. In particular, the inventory analysis is based on data collected from the production of samples of the new material at the laboratory scale.

Results and discussion

The results of the LCA indicate that, when the biogenic carbon fixed in the UA wastes is considered, a negative carbon footprint of − 0.2 kg CO2 eq. per kg of material can be obtained. Hence, it can be assumed that from a life cycle perspective the material is able to fix carbon emissions instead of emitting them. Specifically, for the considered scenario, approximately 0.42 kg CO2 eq./m2 per year could be sequestered. However, the crop area required to produce enough waste to manufacture a unit of material is quite high. Therefore, future studies should focus on individuate solutions to reduce the density of the new component, and also different urban crops with higher waste production rates.

Conclusions

The outcomes of the study put in evidence the potential of the new proposed infill wall component in fixing carbon emissions from UA, allowing to also compensate those relating to the production and transportation stages of the component life cycle. Moreover, producing by-products with UA wastes, hence temporally storing the carbon fixed by crops, may contribute to reduce the carbon cycles speed conversely to traditional waste management solutions, other than lower new raw materials depletion.
Stronger Athlete Identity Is a Risk Factor for More Severe Depressive Symptoms After Musculoskeletal Injury in Pediatric Athletes: a Systematic Review
Authors: Park Anna L. , Furie Kira , Wong Stephanie E.
Published: March 2023

Purpose of Review

Treatment for musculoskeletal sports injuries often neglects the psychological components of health and recovery. Pediatric patients require particular consideration of their psychosocial and cognitive development. This systematic review investigates the effects of musculoskeletal injury on mental health in pediatric athletes.

Recent Findings

Athlete identity may increase in adolescence and is associated with worse mental health post-injury. Psychological models suggest loss of identity, uncertainty, and fear mediate the association between injury and symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Fear, identity, and uncertainty also influence return to sport.

In the reviewed literature, there were 19 psychological screening tools and 8 different physical health measures with various adaptations to athlete developmental level. In pediatric patients, no interventions were studied to reduce the psychosocial impacts of injury. Musculoskeletal injury is associated with worse mental health in pediatric athletes, and stronger athlete identity is a risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms. Psychological interventions that reduce uncertainty and address fear may help mitigate these risks. More research is needed on screening and interventions to improve mental health post-injury.