bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototype Automasi Greenhouse Dengan Monitoring Menggunakan Smartphone Dan Esp32 Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Nasirudin Hamzah , Pangaribowo Triyanto
Published: June 2023

Greenhouse merupakan salah satu media budidaya tanaman dengan memanfaatkan ruang tertutup yang setiap dindingnya ditutupi menggunakan bahan transparan atau tembus cahaya. Banyaknya faktor yang dapat memengaruhi produktivitas tanaman dalam greenhouse, salah satunya yaitu faktor mikroklimat yang mempengaruhi produktivitas tanaman dalam proses panennya. Sehingga terdapat teknologi yang mengoptimalkan faktor-faktor pendukung tersebut, yang disebut sebagai teknologi Otomasi greenhouse. Pada tugas akhir ini, pemanfaatan Otomasi greenhouse digunakan untuk memantau faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas dari tanaman, seperti intensitas cahaya, kelembapan udara, kelembapan tanah, dan suhu udara yang terpantau secara realtime melalui Smartphone dan sensor-sensor yang terintegrasi, dengan memanfaatkan ESP32 sebagai mikrokontrolernya. Penyiraman secara terjadwal dan otomatis juga dapat diatur untuk mempermudah dalam melakukan perlakuan intensitas penyiraman  terhadap tanaman yang berbeda.
Ecological research with artificial intelligence and machine learning in Asia
Authors: Ryo Masahiro
Published: June 2023

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has
significantly enhanced ecological research in Asia by improving data
processing, analysis, and pattern extraction. Analyzing 1550 articles, I
show an overview of the use of AI and ML for Asian ecological research.
Following the last 20 year trend, I found that the topics in Asian
ecological research have transitioned from technical perspectives to
more applied issues, focusing on biodiversity conservation, climate
change, land use change, and societal impacts. Non-Asian countries, on
the other hand, have focused more on theoretical understanding and
ecological processes. The difference between Asian and non-Asian regions
may have emerged due to the ecological challenges faced by Asian
countries, such as rapid economic growth, land development, and climate
change impacts. In both regions, deep learning related technology has
been emerging (e.g. big data collection including image and movement).
Within Asia, China has been the Asia-leading country for AI/ML
applications followed by Korea, Japan, India, and Iran. The number of
computer science education programs for education in China has been
increasing 3.5x times faster than that in the U.S., indicating that a
nationwide strategy for computer science development is key for
ecological science with AI. Overall, the adoption of AI and ML
technologies in ecological studies in Asia has propelled the field
forward and opened new avenues for innovative research and conservation
practices.
Focus-MOT: Multi-target tracking detection algorithm with fine-grained feature extraction aggregation
Authors: Jia Hongyu , Yang Wenwu , Zhang Lulu
Published: June 2023

This work proposes a multi-target tracking and detection algorithm
Focus-MOT based on feature refinement extraction fusion, t through the
designed Field Enhancement Refinement Module and Information Aggregation
Module, which effectively reduces the number of target ID
switching.Jointly learns the Detector and Embedding model method becomes
the mainstream of multi-target tracking and detection due to its fast
detection speed, its Re-ID branch needs to use low-dimensional features
and high-dimensional features to accommodate both large and small
targets, however, its insufficient feature extraction leads to high
ID_SW. Therefore this work aims to extract features of different levels
for aggregation as a way to reduce the number of ID switching. The
experimental results show a 2.7% improvement in MOTA and a 2300 times
decrease in ID_SW relative to the results of the FairMOT algorithm on
the MOT17 dataset.
Evaluation of Pain and Numbness after Sub-perichondrial and Sub-periosteal Dissection Rhinoplasty (SSD)
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed , Askari Sayd
Published: June 2023

Objective This study was conducted to find out if the SSD Rhinoplasty
induce less pain early post operatively which will plays an important
role patients satisfaction and to evaluate the numbness after this
relatively new procedure and numbness in an important and common side
effect of the conventional Rhinoplasty. Methods One Rhinoplasty
consultant has operated on 30 cases using SSD technique after informed
and detailed consent, then the virtual pain score was recorded on the
7th day. And the numbness was evaluated 6 months after surgery. Results
Patients in this series (18 men, 12 women) ranged in age from 23 to 54
years (mean, 24.3 years). 24 were primary Rhinoplasty, and 6 were
revision Rhinoplasty; Pain scores: The study revealed that the median:
2.0 mean pain score median: 2.0. Numbness over the nose and nasal tip:
20 (83%) patients with primary Rhinoplasty had no numbness, but 4
(17%) patients had early numbness that improved after six months.
However, all revision cases (6 patients) had short and long-term
numbness after 6 months. Conclusions. SSD Rhinoplasty shortens the
dissection time and makes it faster to raise the envelope even with
revision cases. Also, it procured much less pain among all patients. In
addition, it induces minimal numbness. However, this study used a small
number of patients and did not consider the procedure done after raising
the nasal envelope.
Effects of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Naproxen in Rats
Authors: Chen Li , Chen Lu , Qin Lin , Tan Daopeng , Zhu Yan , Tan Wu-Cai , Bai Zhao-Jun , He Yuqi , Wang Yu-He
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver
disease (MAFLD) refers to fatty liver disease related to systemic
metabolic dysregulation. The altered pharmacokinetics of drugs in MAFLD
have been reported in several studies. Naproxen, a non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drug, is often used as an analgesic and
anti-inflammatory agent. However, the pharmacokinetics of naproxen in
MAFLD remains unknown. Experimental approach: High-fat diet (HFD)-fed
rats were used to establish the MAFLD disease model. Serum triglyceride
(TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C) were used as evaluation indicators. And hematoxylin-eosin
staining was employed to observe the histomorphological changes in the
liver to ensure a viable MAFLD model. After naproxen administration in
MAFLD rats, the plasma concentrations of naproxen were measured by
high-performance liquid chromatography. Key Results: Compared with
normal diet (ND)-fed rats, the body weight, TC, and LDL-C were
significantly increased in HFD-fed rats. And the hepatocytes in HFD-fed
rats were significantly swollen, with most hepatocytes showing large
vesicular steatosis, severe ballooning indicating successful modeling.
The pharmacokinetic study of naproxen revealed that after naproxen
administration, the mean plasma concentrations of naproxen were
significantly lower in the HFD group compared to the ND group. Compared
with ND-fed rats, the main pharmacokinetic parameters t1/2z, AUC0-t,
AUC0-∞, and MRT0-∞ were significantly decreased, while CLz/F was
significantly increased in HFD-fed rats. Conclusions & Implications:
The pharmacokinetics of naproxen in the MAFLD rat model demonstrated
reduced absorption, accelerated metabolism, and reduced retention time,
which may provide some evidence for individualized treatment of patients
with MAFLD.
Nexus among Economic Policy Uncertainty, Stock Returns and Macroeconomic Variables- New Evidence from Developing Country’s Stock Market using NARDL Cointegration Approach
Authors: Shaikh Ghulam Mustafa , Masihullah Jatoi Muhammad , Soomro Raheem Bux
Published: June 2023

Uncertainty generates hype which creates difficulty to predict the returns in the stock market. To answer this phenomenon this study is carried out which aims to investigate the nexus of Economic Policy Uncertainty with Stock Return having macroeconomic variables as controlled in Pakistan over the period of 2010 to 2022. A novel technique non-linear ARDL (NARDL) co-integration statistical approach to estimate and explore the asymmetric effect has been employed. The findings of this study show that there is significant long-term co-integration exists between shifts in Economic Policy Uncertainty with stock returns in Pakistan. We also found the short-run and long-run shocks (Positive and Negative) of EPU have a significant effect on the stock return along with the exchange rate and consumer price index. This means high uncertainty in economic policy can decrease the stock returns and low uncertainty (means high certainty) can increase the stock returns in Pakistan. More interestingly, we found an asymmetrical relationship between SEPU with stock returns which means no symmetry or no linearity in the relationship. Concisely, inflows from positive EPU shocks have a long-term negative impact on stock returns and negative EPU inflows shocks have a long-term positive impact on stock returns in Pakistan. To overcome political instability, stock market declines, rising of inflation, and currency devaluation this study can be useful for policymakers, the Government, regulatory authorities, investors, the equity market, and so forth .
Conventional and Islamic banks’ performance An Analysis of During and post-economic Crisis
Authors: Mehboob Ul Hassan  , Meraj Muhammad , Solangi Altaf Hussain
Published: June 2023

The current study looks at the factors that affected conventional and Islamic banks' profitability between 2007 and 2013. This period is further classified into two periods, i.e.2007-2009 and 2010-2013, the tenure during and the tenure after the financial crisis. Descriptive research design and logical reasoning are employed in this study to analyze fourteen conventional and Five Islamic banks. We used Return on Assets to measure the profitability, whereas two macro-economic variables, i.e. Inflation and GDP (gross domestic product), and three industry-specific constructs, i.e. Size, Leverage and Liquidity as independent constructs. According to panel regression results, the profitability of both banking sectors during both tenures was unaffected by macroeconomic factors. In the case of financial or variables that are specific to an industry, both types of banking sectors had a negative impact on profitability under pre-economic crisis tenure. However, the profitability of traditional banks is considerably enhanced by liquidity. The scale of both banking sectors greatly boosts profitability while the financial crisis is ongoing. Conventional banks’ leverage had a significant negative and liquidity had a significant positive impact on profitability during the financial crunch. In the years following the crisis, once again Islamic banks increased in profitability despite being inefficient, providing them with a tax shelter, with an increase in leverage significantly. On the other hand, conventional banks had the inverse impact of leverage on their profitability but they managed their liquidity much better than the previous two tenures and generated more profit. The outcomes will be useful for the banking institutions to develop their strategies consequently.
Strategies for effective communication in educational environment in wartime
Authors: Humeniuk Iryna , Mushenyk Iryna , Popel Nadiia , Kuntso Oksana
Published: June 2023

Rapid changes in society, caused by the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), and the challenges provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic, present the education system with the task of forming a new educational environment to ensure the quality training of modern specialists. Currently, for Ukraine, the virtual education space has acquired additional significance, since after the start of the Russian military aggression, unprecedented for the 21st century, the use of distance education technologies has become relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze digital distance learning platforms, determine their effectiveness, and define perspective strategies for effective communication in the educational environment in wartime. The study uses general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction). The paper is based on the principles of generalization, concretization, and abstraction. The study also used the axiomatic method, which involves the ascent from theoretical positions (axioms) to specific conclusions, and the statistical method Student’s t-test. The conducted survey revealed the benefits of Google applications for both virtual and in-person education spaces. The conclusions defined that blended learning is more productive and preferable for students, as it leaves more time for students to improve themselves and implement their projects, and for teachers to do scientific work. It is essential to apply digital technologies for remote and blended education in Ukraine, as it leads to budgetary funds savings, assuring the maximum implication of all participants of the educational process, including the virtual one.
Methods of reliability management in supply chain
Authors: Zagurskiy Oleg , Pivtorak Mykhailo , Bondariev Sergii , Demin Oleksandr , Kolosok Igor
Published: June 2023

The main problem of choosing an adequate method of managing the reliability of supply chains is that for both participants and consumers all the main properties of an effective supply chain (failure, economy and security of supply) are equally relevant. Therefore, it is necessary to jointly use the tools of reliability theory, planning methods built on the basis of operation research and risk management methods. The work considers mathematical models and methods for assessing and improving the reliability of supply chains and proposes an algorithm for calculating the reliability of supplies that corresponds to the exponential and normal laws of the distribution of failure intensity. According to the algorithm, on the example of the supply chain of spare parts of the “Sfera-Auto” enterprise, the reliability indicators of the supply chain were calculated, namely: failure time, failure intensity, average recovery time, recovery intensity and probability of failure-free delivery, and changes in the probability of failure-free operation P(t) chain. The results of the study showed that: the increase in the probability of failure-free operation P for the period (t) characterizes the higher reliability of the supply chain for any type of supply probability distribution; – the point values of the coefficient of failure of supply Kg and the value of supply reliability in supply P do not give a complete picture of the reliability of the supply chain, it is necessary to study the dynamics of these indicators; – it is necessary to choose a theoretical distribution for the failure intensity λ(t), because the exponential distribution, which is widely used for modeling the reliability of non-renewable systems, is not well suited for modeling the reliability of renewable systems.
Experimental research on production and use of floating pellets in fish feed in aquaculture systems
Authors: Voicea Iulian , Nenciu Florin , Matache Mihai , Oprescu Remus , Arsenoaia Vlad-Nicolae
Published: June 2023

Adequate nutrition practices are essential for the efficient production of superior goods in aquaculture systems. Nutrition is a key component in the aquaculture industry because feed constitutes about 50% of the variable expense of production. Fishmeal and fish oil have traditionally been the main primary materials used to support the aquaculture industry. They have largely been supplanted by plant-based raw materials, but specific techniques are needed to satisfy fish dietary needs. As aquaculture has expanded, people have been searching for alternative farming nutritional sources since fish meal and fish oil are produced from captured wild fish. Fish have different nutritional needs that rely on a variety of variables. This paper describes an experimental study that was completed on the production of pelletized complex feeds with high stability that were used in the feeding technology of some fish species grown in a polyculture system with recirculation and cyclic water supply. The purpose of feed formulation is to mix ingredients of different nutritional quality so as to obtain a balanced diet, which biologically available nutrient profile approximates the nutritional needs of the concerned species. In fish farms, the choice of feeder for different types of fish takes into account the following criteria: the level of stability in the water, the return on investment in feed, efficient conversion of feed and its attractiveness to fish. The high level of feed stability prevents feed losses and reduces water contamination. The results showed a high stability of the pellets associated with an important increase in the size of the fish raised in the polyculture system. Although each feeding recipe showed benefits for certain fish species, the R3 feeder was the optimal mix, leading to 43% average growth for all varieties and being considered the best option for polyculture systems.
Attitudes towards environmentally conscious lifestyle among university students in Budapest - in light of their purchasing decisions and waste management
Authors: Lukacs Rita , Szeberenyi Andras , Papp-Vary Arpad
Published: June 2023

Environmental awareness is playing an increasingly important role in our purchasing decisions, and a growing number of consumers strive to reduce their environmental footprint – but do they have the necessary information? Our research analysed how much importance students at the Budapest Metropolitan University attach to environmental awareness in their purchasing decisions – for example, do they buy second-hand products, do they bring their own bags when shopping and are they aware of different packaging materials and where to dispose of them? The survey found that, in addition to saving money, environmental awareness also played a role in the respondents’ purchases of used electronic devices (such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, desktop computers or game consoles). By their own admission, a significant part of the students, nearly 88%, usually take their plastic, paper or textile bags with them when shopping so that they can use them to take the purchased items home. The correct disposal of the various types of waste presents a mixed picture: while most respondents would place frequently used packaging materials in the appropriate waste containers, there were also several cases when this provided a challenge for them, which could be caused by a lack of information or by a variety of contradictory information. The research found that students prefer environmental actions requiring less commitment and sacrifice. They are not willing to make significant efforts or sacrifices to achieve environmental goals, even though they have already recognised the importance of environmental protection and are aware of their responsibilities as the future generation.
Research in vehicle exhaust gas compliance with Euro standard
Authors: Jokubyniene Vida , Liebuviene Jurate
Published: June 2023

The actual problem of today is environmental pollution, and the main source of pollution is transportation. Air pollution from vehicles, especially in cities, has been a major problem worldwide for the past few decades. Last year we heard that diesel cars were the most polluting. Increasingly stringent emission requirements are being placed on these vehicles, so the pollution levels of newly produced vehicles are so low that they are equal to the emission standards of gasoline-powered vehicles. In recent years, global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions has added another dimension to intense research efforts to develop more efficient engines and use low-carbon and renewable biofuels. Recently, very strict mass emission standards have been introduced, such as EURO 5-6. To measure the emissions of motor vehicles, unified cycles and test procedures have been developed, and harmonized by global test cycles, for all categories of vehicles to facilitate the transfer of information or technology exchange around the world. In Lithuania, the car fleet is 10-15 years old, so it is important to study the cars that drive on our roads. Cars of this age may not comply with the EURO 5-6 standard and therefore, for various reasons, pollute the city of Klaipeda with CO2 or NOx pollutants. It is interesting and relevant to see how many cars drive with indicators corresponding to the EURO standard. This study aims to find out the different values between actual and factory vehicle exhaust emissions through measurements. Vehicle emissions are measured using the SGA 400 exhaust gas analyzer. Comparing the test vehicles of different years of production according to the standards of EURO 1-6, it was noticed that the most polluting internal combustion engines run on gasoline, and their operating age reaches 15-18 years complying with the EURO 3-4 standards. The amount of emissions of diesel vehicles from the EURO 1-6 standard has decreased even up to 12.5 times.
Ultrasonic cavitation of lignocellulosic raw materials as effective method of preparation for butanol production
Authors: Bratishko Viacheslav , Shulga Sergey , Tigunova Olena , Achkevych Oksana
Published: June 2023

Six types of native and ultrasonic cavitation-treated non-cereal plant biomass as a substrate for cultivation of the butanol-producing strain Clostridium sp. IMB B-7570 were studied. During the research, an ultrasonic bath with emitters with a total power of 720 W and an ultrasound frequency of 28 kHz was used. The weighted average size of the straw particles was 78 μm. As a result of the research, the accumulation of butanol in the culture liquid after 72 hours of fermentation was determined. After fermentation of the producer strain Clostridium sp. IMB B-7570 all three products of the acetone-butanol-ethanol process were detected in the culture liquid. It was established that cultivation of the strain on pre-treated biomass significantly increases the accumulation of butanol in the culture liquid. The highest accumulation of butanol (0.7 g·l-1) was obtained using crushed rape biomass as a substrate. In this case, ethanol and acetone were present in small quantities – 0.05 g·l-1 and 0.02 g·l-1, respectively. A significant increase in the yield of biobutanol compared to untreated experiments is the result of the mechanical destruction of the lignocellulosic structure of plant biomass due to the cavitation effect of ultrasound, which is confirmed by numerous experiments on various types of raw materials. A comparative analysis of the research results established that the accumulation of solvents after ultrasonic cavitation of the non-grain part of plants correlates with acid-enzymatically prepared substrate, but ultrasonic cavitation is more effective than hydrolysis, and therefore this method of preliminary preparation of biomass for fermentation can be more competitive in industrial conditions.
Overview of innovations and recommendations for efficient operation of RES-based power plants
Authors: Adomavicius Vytautas , Simkoniene Gintvile
Published: June 2023

RES-based electricity production is currently developing at an unprecedented pace. Scientists from various countries are working intensively to further improve the most important indicators of power plants using renewable energy resources. Solar, wind and hydropower plants already have the three first lowest levelled costs of electricity (LCOE) and the best environmental performance among power generation technologies. The goal of this article is to review the latest scientific and technical publications on the measures applied to increase the efficiency of these power plants, reduce the cost of the energy produced, and contribute to the broader dissemination of information and progress in this field. This article mainly reviews the already tested and published innovations in the area of solar, wind, and hydropower plants. Microgrids, green hydrogen and heat pumps are included in this review too because they are closely related to RES-based power generation and usage. They are contributors to solving the challenges of fossil fuels phase-out and the climate crisis. During the first decades of the 21st century, scientists and inventors proposed a pretty number of valuable innovations and recommendations. The abundance of valuable innovations gives hope that the volumes of green power production will continue to increase and that the mentioned problems will be solved successfully. A review of information sources showed that solar and wind power plants, according to all forecasts, will definitely be the first in the field of electricity production after a few years. Electricity needs will grow at least 2-3 times over the next 25 years as it will be used not only in factories, buildings and the illumination of streets but also in transport, hydrogen production, agriculture and elsewhere.
Quantitative evaluation of teeth gears applying techniques of Vibropassport
Authors: Mironov Aleksey , Doronkin Pavel
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the approach allowing quantitative evaluation of gear damages, which makes it possible to estimate the technical condition of the machine where the gear applied. The models of dynamic loads in a gear and vibrations are described, and specialties of gear transfer function are discussed. The diagnostic parameter is presented that allows quantitative evaluating the gear damage using tri-axial vibrations. The proposed algorithm of diagnostic parameter computation was experimentally tested, and the results of its validation are presented. There are conclusions about capability of the proposed algorithm for quantitative estimation of gear technical condition.
Water management effect on tropical fruits: case study of Alanya, Turkey
Authors: Arslan Firat , Kartal Sinan
Published: June 2023

Water is the source of life and is consumed mostly for agricultural purposes. Limited water is always a question in the Mediterranean region due to drought and climate change. Irrigation water requirement changes according to the crop pattern which is totally related to farmer decisions. Alanya is a town where tropical fruit cultivation area has increased dramatically as well as irrigation water requirements. Especially, bananas and avocados have become the most popular plants after citrus trees. The evapotranspiration of tropical fruits is higher than many other plants. For this reason, water becomes more valuable in the region due to limited water resources and irregular precipitation. In addition, rapid urbanization and tourism are the other big questions that cause the shift of agricultural areas to other areas, resulting in inadequate irrigation systems. Banana and avocado producers installed high technology of irrigation methods, such as drip and mini sprinkler systems. However, they do not measure the volume of irrigation water and still consume excessive water. In this study, social and technical precautions are taken by water authorities in the region for agricultural water management related to tropical fruit production. Data are obtained from the Agriculture Municipality and State Hydraulic Works and analysed by SWOT. As a result, the main findings are that irrigation water should be calculated, water volume should be measured at the farm level, and agricultural extension and consultancy should be increased for farmers’ education.
Study on power parameters of moving grain materials with pneumatic screw conveyor
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Ivanovs Semjons , Beloev Ivan , Trokhaniak Oleksandra , Aboltins Aivars , Kaletnik Hryhorij , Ruzhylo Zinoviy
Published: June 2023

The article presents the design of a pneumatic screw conveyor used to move (transport) grain materials. On the basis of this design, an experimental setup was created, enabling the performance of the new conveyor belt to be investigated in the laboratory, including the power parameters. The Altivar-71 frequency converter was used in experimental studies to determine the power parameters of the pneumatic screw conveyor for the transport of grain materials. Based on the results of the experimental studies, graphs of the power characteristics of the pneumatic screw conveyor drive over the time of the transport of grain materials were obtained. By analysing the graphs obtained, it is established that the smooth operation of the conveyor belt depends on the properties of the transported material. In particular, it affects the switching frequency of the pneumatic drive, which prevents it from overloading and, therefore, premature breakdown. In addition, activation of the pneumatic actuator destroys the resulting thickening of the transport granular material. Experimental studies have also been conducted on changes in performance Q of the pneumatic screw conveyor depending on the initial values of the high-pressure air supply P.
Usage of CFD for research on lateral ventilation system in poultry house
Authors: Trokhaniak Viktor , Ivanovs Semjons , Nasieka Yuri , Chernysh Oleh , Aboltins Aivars , Ihnatiev Yevhen , Synyavskiy Oleksandr
Published: June 2023

Maintaining normalized microclimate in poultry farming is one of the basic factors. It is the quality indicators of the air parameters that ultimately determine the quality of the final product. Keeping poultry requires a lot of effort and technological solutions. In this regard the authors have made improvements of the microclimate system in the air environment of the poultry house by installing exhaust fans on the side wall, in a total of 8 pcs, and 2 pcs. on the end wall. A powerful tool for predicting the airflow patterns in the poultry house is modelling. An alternative to experimental studies is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with ANSYS Fluent. The CFD model was performed on the Navier-Stokes equations for convective flows. The calculations used the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and the Discrete Ordinates radiation model. CFD modeling was performed at an air flow rate of 21.5 kg·s-1. The outside air temperature is assumed to be 2 °C and the thermal radiation parameter is entered. In poultry houses, the poultry, when kept on the floor, is a source of heat and is + 41 °C. Heating system is not provided. To remove air, exhaust fans of the Munters EM50 1.5Hp type are used. Fans are mounted on the side wall in the amount of 4 units. and 1 on the end wall. Supply valves Wlotpowietrza 3000-VFG with a total of 80 pcs. Above the valves there are built-in spoilers at an angle of inclination from the vertical 75°. The results of the CFD modelling showed that the valves, located at a height of 210 mm from the ceiling, work efficiently. The pressure drop at the supply valves is 73.565 Pa. The air speed at the inlet of the supply valves is 11.45 m·s-1. The air speed at a height of 0.7 m from the floor level varies within 0.86 m·s-1, the temperature is 14.12 °C.
Formation of information-communication competence of future agricultural engineering specialists at agricultural institutions of higher education
Authors: Bulgakova Oksana , Zbaravska Lesya , Hrushetskyi Sergii , Dukulis Ilmars
Published: June 2023

One of the components of professional competence is information-communication competence, the development of which determines the ability of the future specialists in agricultural engineering to interact efficiently in the agrarian environment with their colleagues and managers. This is especially true for the mandatory components of professional training, in particular the disciplines: “Innovative technologies for the production of agricultural products”, “Agrarian service and information support”, “Methods of scientific research”, “Analysis of technological systems”, “Modelling of technological processes and systems”, and others as the most universal basic disciplines. The aim of this investigation is to introduce into the educational process the information-communication competence of the future agricultural engineering specialists at agricultural institutions of higher education, aimed at the formation and development of professional training. Implementation of pedagogical conditions, introduction of an experimental methodology for the formation of information-communication competence of the future agricultural engineering specialists in the process of professional training made it possible to achieve significant changes in the levels of formation of the studied phenomenon in the experimental group compared to the reference group. 100 students of “Podilskyi State University” took part in the experiment. In the experimental group the results of the formation of information-communication competence of the future agricultural engineering specialists improved significantly: at the sufficient level they increased by 6.0%, at the satisfactory level – by 8.0%, but at the low level the results decreased by 14.0%. In the reference group there were also positive changes in the levels of formation of the information-communication competence of the future agricultural engineering specialists: at the sufficient level the results increased by 1.0%, at the satisfactory level – by 2.0%, but at the low level – they decreased by 3.0%. The positive dynamics of the level of knowledge, revealed as a result of experimental testing, gives reason to assert the efficiency of the proposed organizational and pedagogical conditions and methodology for the formation of information-communicative competence of the future agricultural engineering specialists in the process of professional training.
Development of integrative-transparent educational environment training engineers of agricultural production
Authors: Nikolaenko Stanislav , Bulgakova Oksana , Yasinetska Iryna , Zbaravska Lesya , Dukulis Ilmars
Published: June 2023

The present article deals with the research in formation of educational environment on the basis of the principle of integration for formation and development of different levels and kinds of professional competences training the future engineers of agricultural production. The aim of the research is organising the educational environment in education of engineers that helps in formation and development of different levels and kinds of professional competences, acquisition of the teaching material more effectively, acquisition of fundamental knowledge and skills to apply this knowledge. In the research the methods of investigation in the educational environment were used, as well as the methods of analysis studying the pedagogical experience of teachers at agrarian universities, pedagogical experiment, and statistical methods in calculation of the results of pedagogical experiments. The research concept is based on the fact that the professional training of future engineers in higher educational institutions is aimed not only at the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities, which are determined by the educational and qualification characteristics, but also at the acquisition of skills and abilities to organize independent work on the study of software material. Achieving this goal is possible under the conditions of the introduction of personally-oriented learning technologies, ensuring thorough motivation of students, providing material and methodological support and developing rational mechanisms for end-to-end programming of individual independent work according to the principle of the “tree of goals”, i.e. end-to-end execution of small independent works: essays, calculation works , graphic, calculation-graphic, creative, descriptive in the calculation of their thematic entry into more capacious independent works - term papers and projects, which, in turn, are included in qualifying diploma theses or projects. The methodology of integrative-transparent organisation of the educational activities of the students at agrarian universities is universal and can be used also for other specialties. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed increase in student success what proves the efficiency of application of the research results. The results of the research showed also the influence of the organised professional orientation activities of students in learning fundamental subjects on the motivation for learning and professional interests. Motivation to acquire the fundamental subjects and interest in profession also had a trend to improve. Improvement of student achievements in studies, motivation level and professional interests prove the efficiency of the results of the performed research in formation of the organisation principles of student activities.
Mechanical behavior of I-beams reinforced by unidirectional carbon fibre, unidirectional glass fiber and carbon fibre laminates
Authors: Jafarli Ilgar , Vavaliya Umesh-Haribhai
Published: June 2023

Industry demands new engineering and material solutions. One of these solutions are fibre reinforced polymers. They are light and strong for application as a material for I-beams. An I-beam is the best section for a homogeneous material because of the highest resistance moment. The popularity of composite materials introduces wide use in most branches of engineering and mostly as fibre reinforced polymers (FRP). This paper presents numerical and analytical studies on the mechanical behaviour of the I-beams made of fibre reinforced polymers reinforced by glass fibres (GFRP) and carbon fibres (CFRP) comparing to the structural steel S235JR. Five I-beams with different composite structures and one steel I-beam were numerically tested. Four-point test according to ASTM C 78 – 02 was conducted. Numerical simulation made in SOLIDWORKS software in the Static simulation mode was used. The obtained results were analysed and an attempt to determine the optimal parameters for combination of different composite materials was conducted. As a result of numerical analysis values of deflection and normal stress were obtained for polymer I-beam reinforced by glass and carbon fibres comparing to the steel I-beam.
Use of criteria NPV and IRR for choosing among investment projects
Authors: Sneps-Sneppe Manfred
Published: June 2023

Two of the most important criteria are the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for choosing among investment projects. In many circumstances, investment projects are ranked in the same order by both criteria. In some situations, however, the two criteria provide different rankings. The debate is an old one (e.g. going back to Böhm-Bawerk, 1884). Let us explain the essence of the NPV and IRR indicators. The basis of economic calculations in the field of investment is the idea that a cash euro today is more valuable than a euro promised in a year. If a bank lends N euros to an entrepreneur today, then in a year the bank demands to return N(1 + E) euros, where E is the bank interest. Another type of calculation is carried out by the entrepreneur. If he invests N euros in some project today, then in a year he hopes to receive N(1 + IRR) euros, where IRR is the internal rate of return of the project implemented by the entrepreneur. Naturally, the value of IRR is only an assumed, indicative, and the entrepreneur is expecting IRR more than E. The present work arose from discussions of the results of the French economist Pierre Masse “Le Choix des investissements, critères et méthodes” published in 1959. The main goal of the paper is to give the proof of both IRR and NPV formulas (in a particular simplified case) and a geometric interpretation of these very complex equations (useful for the training purpose, at least). The analysis of IRR and NPV indicates an unequivocal choice among the criteria NPV and IRR. This confirms a simple numerical example on the fallacy of Masse’s IRR reasoning. No unambiguous solution has been found yet. It can be explained if we allow that the bank interest relates to Macroeconomics, largely concerned with nation scale projects but the entrepreneur interest relates to Microeconomics, to internal rate of return. The world continues to search for a single consistent criterion for evaluating investments.
Experimental study on transport modes of heavy trucks
Authors: Sokolov Evgeni , Dimitrov Evgeni , Kunchev Lilo
Published: June 2023

In the present work, a methodology has been developed that allows the study of some parameters of heavy truck traffic. The study uses typical road sections of the suburban road network in which they are determined by average speeds, average fuel consumption and their impact on environmental performance. Specifically, the study was performed on road infrastructure outside the settlements in Bulgaria. In the study, a road infrastructure is divided into three main groups – road infrastructure with roads of the first and second category, as well as highway ones. The research also takes into account the operation of the truck in overcoming both positive and negative slopes. An experimental study was performed for the three types of sections. For them, the speeds of movement in typical time zones, fuel consumption, the speed of the exhaust gases and environmental indicators were measured. The work also looks for the corresponding ratios of the measured parameters for the different routes. The study also measures the exhaust flow rates. Exhaust gas temperatures are also measured at certain points along the route. This is related to the engine operating modes and its direct impact on the environment. The speed of the gases is different in the different speed regimes of the vehicle. The percentage content of the various constituents and their temperatures in the exhaust gases and the knowledge of the velocity of the exit flow make it possible to determine the volumes or quantities of harmful emissions released into the atmosphere. The developed methodology and the performed research can be used for evaluation of the work of the trucks for a certain type of transport network. It allows to determine the efficiency of the vehicle when choosing different transport routes.
Research on concrete properties by DIC method
Authors: Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Selejdak Jacek , Khmil Roman , Blikharskyy Zinoviy
Published: June 2023

Reliable measurement of strains in the material is essential in studying the building structure stress-strain state. The practice of operating concrete and reinforced concrete elements used in the construction industry shows that achieving the ultimate equilibrium state in these elements takes place in localized places. After the long-term operation of reinforced concrete structures, the concentration of stresses and strains is localized within such places, which can lead to the development of irreversible processes. Determining the stress-strain state based on classical criteria does not always give an exact answer. In such cases, the load-bearing capacity of structural elements must be assessed based on standards and invariant mechanical characteristics of materials, by which real strength and durability can be established. When the body is deformed, both on the surface and in the middle of the material, the process is accompanied by various breaks and changes in the phase field of the speckle image in the zones of singularities and various surface inhomogeneities. It is practically impossible to quantitatively assess the stressed zones of the material surface using speckle interferometry methods since the phase component is not considered in the case of a correlation fragment in speckle patterns. At the same time, the digital image correlation (DIC) methods can be used to estimate displacement and strain fields without restrictions. Therefore, such approaches can be effective technologies for determining the stress-strain state on smooth surfaces and parts with a stress concentrator. This article presents the results of testing concrete using DIC. A method of testing concrete samples using the process of determining strains by the method of digital image correlation and monitoring strains using sub-micron indicators has been developed. Transverse strains of concrete up to and including the moment of destruction of concrete samples were determined.
Problems of standardising illumination for plants in greenhouses and green structures
Authors: Tkachenko Tetiana , Mileikovskyi Viktor , Moskvitina Anna , Peftieva Iryna , Konovaliuk Viktoriia , Ujma Adam
Published: June 2023

Today greenhouses are transformed. In the middle of the past century, they were almost glazing buildings above the ground. Due to the development of planting technologies, including mats or trays with substratum, aero – and hydroponics, etc., greenhouses now can be anywhere, including underground. This gives impetus for urban agriculture with optimal logistics (growing near consuming). Indoor green structures become more and more popular. The illumination of them is very important because plants lose decorative properties in unfavourite conditions. At the beginning of this century, there was an analysis of a lot of failed attempts to create winter gardens on underground floors. The illumination was calculated successfully by today’s norms, but the plants withered. This is because the norms were developed for natural-illumination greenhouses. Usually, the illumination is measured in lux or μmol/day. The first unit is weighted by wavelength according to the people’s eyes sensitivity. The second one accumulates all photons. But the plants have another photosynthetic activity curve. They use two photosynthetic substances – chlorophyll and beta-carotenoid (active on the green light). The chlorophyll changes its absorption curves dependent on solvent presence (a and b). This allows some variability for adapting to the light spectrum, which is used by water plants. Thus, both units do not apply to artificial illumination. In this work, we analyse the curves of solar and phytolamp spectrums, averaged sensibility and spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision. Integration of the curves allows recalculation of the lux-meter reading to the equivalent solar illumination or the last one to the phytolamp power. We propose a new unit system – phytocandela-phytolumen-phytolux – according to the photosynthesis efficiency curve that is numerically equal to candela-lumen-lux under sunlight. This shows that lux may not be a base unit because it is related to a single biological species but not a physical property.
Structural and environmental analysis of reinforced concrete structure
Authors: Los-Santos Jorge , Fraile Esteban , Ferreiro Javier
Published: June 2023

Large amounts of energy and resources are consumed in construction industry and have great impact on environment. Current studies suggest that total CO2 emissions due to the construction sector account for 8% of the global total emissions. Several studies have therefore investigated the environmental comparability of structures according to the material used. For instance, in some cases there is evidence of a 17.47% increase in CO2 emissions between alternatives for the same structure. Due to generation of this data, more sustainable structures can be designed. For this purpose, several alternatives were generated by modifying structural parameters such as floor slab typology, distance between pillars, material of the vaults in a specific case of study. The methodology used was through the specific structural calculation program such as CYPE, in which reinforced concrete and metallic structures can be modelled. Subsequently, environmental studies were obtained from the various alternatives generated through the life cycle analysis (LCA) of each alternative. The field of study of LCA was from the production of the necessary elements to their implementation in the structure. In this way, it is possible to give the project a more global image of the impacts it generates, not only in economic but also in environmental terms. Some of the results obtained show that the use of a type of floor slab with certain characteristics compared to another type of floor slab represents an increase of approximately 17% in the kg of CO2 equivalent emitted. Emissions are also influenced by the use of the vault material. On average, the expanded polystyrene vaults reduce CO2 emissions by 5.31%, as the loads to be transmitted are reduced because the use of lightweight vaults means less load on other structural elements and therefore less use of concrete. As a result, alternatives with more environmentally friendly characteristics are obtained and more sustainable buildings are designed.