bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of employee cooperation and conflict behaviors in the context of digital technology
Authors: Hu Bin , Du Yuxiao
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, the introduction of digital technology improves the condition of the workplace and employees’ productivity, but the unstable behavior of employees is still typical in Internet enterprises in China. Sometimes, employees frequently show their behavior reversals between cooperation and conflict. An integrated analysis method with three steps is performed to explore its reason. First, an evolutionary game model is employed to examine the strategies of individual employee’s behavior selection between cooperation and conflict. Second, the cellular automata are developed to simulate the evolution of employee group behavior selection over time. The frequent behavior turnovers between cooperation and conflict are illustrated. Third, catastrophe theory and method are used to identify the hidden cusp catastrophe patterns under the evolution of group behavior selection. Research results reveal that individual employee selects cooperation if the penalty exceeds half the cost. Simulation results show intense and sudden changes in employee group behavior selection, in which cusp catastrophe patterns exist. The cusp catastrophe model can intuitively interpret the mechanism by which factors, such as average perceived payoff and proportion of cooperation employees, influence the behavior state of the employee group. The mechanism of catastrophe in frequent behavior turnover is explored. This methodology, which is based on the theoretical framework of social exchange theory, integrates evolutionary game theory, simulation, and catastrophe theory to identify the catastrophe mechanism in behavior turnover and make theoretical and practical contributions to behavior selection research.
Reducing Resistance to Sponsorship Disclosure: The Role of Experiential Versus Material Posts
Authors: Shuqair Saleh , Viglia Giampaolo , Costa Pinto Diego , Mattila Anna S.
Published: May 2023

Despite the growing relevance of influencer marketing, recent research suggests that consumers have negative reactions to social media ads. Our research investigates how different types of disclosure (paid partnership vs. in-text disclosure) and post content (experiential vs. material) mitigate consumers’ negative reactions to social media advertisements. Four preregistered studies, drawing on the social exchange theory, reveal how the post content shapes the sponsorship disclosure effects. In particular, we show that a paid partnership (vs. in-text) disclosure has a positive impact on consumers’ responses (engagement and purchase intent) and that persuasion resistance mediates the effects. Furthermore, Study 3 reveals that the type of content (experiential vs. material) moderates the effect, such that consumers’ negative reactions to sponsorship disclosure are mitigated with experiential (vs. material) content. Overall, our results provide actionable implications for tourism marketers on how to create advertisements in social media, minimizing negative reactions to sponsorship disclosure.
Consistency and Change: Districts’ Efforts to Engage Stakeholders Over Time
Authors: Hall Michelle , Marsh Julie , Daramola Eupha Jeanne
Published: May 2023

Background:

Across families from all backgrounds, and for all students, when parents and the broader community engage in sustained systematic program improvements, schools and districts are more likely to focus on and maintain improvements. As a result, federal and state lawmakers have implemented engagement mandates. The ways in which these mandates are interpreted and implemented influence the success of the engagement practices.

Research Design:

We conducted a comparative case study and analyzed state representative survey data.

Research Questions:

How has Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) local engagement played out over time? What has been learned? What may be facilitating and inhibiting “meaningful” engagement?

Conclusions:

Through the lens of democratic engagement, we find broad community and district leadership support for the ideals of community engagement. However, we also find that community engagement over time has generally lacked both depth and breadth and was specifically constrained for traditionally marginalized communities. Our analysis also identifies outlier districts that have established ways to implement broader and deeper engagement activities that focus on utilizing their communities as assets. Our research suggests that district leaders and educators need greater support to fully realize these democratic processes.
Self-regulation and academic achievement among Singaporean young children: A cross-cultural comparison in a multicultural Asian society
Authors: Chen Luxi , Yeung Wei-Jun Jean
Published: May 2023

Cultural contexts influence the development of self-regulation. However, cross-cultural variations and consistencies in different aspects of self-regulation and their academic outcomes within the Asian context are less clear. This study investigated (1) the extent to which the development of hot and cool Executive Function (EF) might differ among children from different cultural backgrounds in a multicultural Asian society, and (2) whether and how the predictive power of hot and cool EF on academic skills might vary across subcultures within the nation. Longitudinal data were collected over two waves from a national probability sample of 2,527 young children in Singapore, consisting of ethnic Chinese, Malays, and Indians. Working memory (WM), Delay of Gratification (DoG), and parent-reported self-control were measured during their preschool years (3–6 years of age) in Wave 1. Reading and mathematical skills were assessed approximately 2 years later in Wave 2. Results demonstrated that ethnic Chinese children typically delayed gratification at age 4, whereas Malay and Indian children only started to delay gratification at age 6. Chinese children also outperformed their Malay and Indian counterparts in WM tasks and standardized achievement tests in reading and mathematics. Parent-reported child self-control did not differ by ethnicity. Across subcultures in Singapore, WM was a robust predictor of reading and mathematical skills and explained the longitudinal relations of DoG to academic skills. Our findings suggest that the developmental gaps in EF during early childhood can contribute to later gaps in academic achievement among ethnic groups. Nurturing self-regulation during the preschool years is essential for promoting children’s school readiness.
Language style and recognition of the answers in health Q&A community: Moderating effects of medical terminology
Authors: Zhao Wenjun , Meng Kai , Sun Li , Ma Jinhui , Jia Zeguang
Published: May 2023

The rise of social question and answer (Q&A) platforms has changed the model of traditional health-information services. The quality of answers on a Q&A platform is critical to attract users and increase their community engagement. Thus, recognition of the answer was used to measure users’ acceptance of the answer. A theoretical model of the impact of language style on community recognition of health questions was developed. Nearly 1330 answers from a health question from Zhihu were obtained to verify the model. Results showed that personality reliability, assertiveness, argumentation clarity, commitment, and reverse incentive of health information positively affected answer recognition, while argumentation structure negatively affected answer acceptance. Simultaneously, the degree of use of medical terminology has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between answer recognition and assertiveness, argumentation structure, argumentation clarity, and commitment. Introducing Aristotle’s rhetoric theory to language style and answer recognition could potentially develop healthy communities and disseminate health knowledge.
A borderland analytic: Thinking uneven development from the U.S.–Mexico borderlands
Authors: Ebner Nina
Published: May 2023

Economic geographers have long emphasized the ways in which borders are central to capitalism's uneven development. Yet even as scholarship outlines how borders are central devices for the articulation of the global political economy, they often are framed as functional to the system's immanent dynamics or as theoretical devices, with borderlands invisibilized as complex sites and spaces in their own right. Drawing on Margaret Ramírez's concept of a borderland analytic, I ask what a position from the U.S.–Mexico borderlands might help us to understand about capitalism's uneven development, both in particular and more generally. On the one hand, a borderland analytic connotes an empirical return to border spaces as a way to reconstruct how the border, and processes of bordering, underpin the creation of relational (and racialized) hierarchies that assign differential value to human life, labor, and place in the borderlands, effectively underwriting the forms of economic devaluation key to the region's ‘competitiveness’ in a restructuring global economy. On the other hand, a borderland analytic connotes a methodological orientation to the work that borders do as a part of processes of uneven development more broadly, which evolves through the (re)ordering and recoding of sociospatial differences, rather than from their elimination.
Artificial Intelligence-Aided Grade Crossing Safety Violation Detection Methodology and a Case Study in New Jersey
Authors: Zaman Asim , Huang Zhe , Li Weitian , Qin Huixiong , Kang Di , Liu Xiang
Published: May 2023

Fatalities at grade crossings accounted for an average of 33% of all railroad industry fatalities occurring in the past 10 years. As road traffic increases and high-speed rail deployments become more common in the United States, the number of fatalities is expected to remain a concern. Railroads have tackled this challenge through a combination of engineering, education, and enforcement campaigns. One of these efforts has been the increased deployment of security cameras throughout railroad networks. These video sources allow for the collection of big data to better understand grade crossing violation behaviors. However, monitoring these video feeds and extracting useful information requires prohibitive amounts of manual labor. This research utilizes state-of-the-art vision-based artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to record, recognize, and understand railroad video data in real time. This system’s understanding of active grade crossing violations helps to develop precise long-term grade crossing violation prevention strategies. This study explains how this AI-aided algorithm is used to monitor 1 year’s worth of violations at an active grade crossing in New Jersey and provides an overview of the observed trends. These data can be used to develop better engineering enforcement and education strategies for the mitigation of active grade crossing violations.
Who Takes the School Bus? The Roles of Location, Race, and Parents in Choosing Travel-to-School Mode in Georgia
Authors: Speroni Samuel
Published: May 2023

In the United States, roughly one-third of students in public and private K-12 schools ride a school bus to school; in Georgia, that share is even higher (46%). But policy differences between and within states complicate explanations of school trip mode choice. To address this and create a consistent choice set, this article uses the 2017 National Household Travel Survey Georgia Add-On to construct a statewide analysis of school trip mode choice among school-bus-eligible students, as Georgia state law requires students receive a bus service if they live 1.5 mi or more from school, creating a consistent choice set. I use a binary logistic regression model and marginal effects to determine factors predicting school bus use on morning trips to school in Georgia among a suite of trip, individual, household, and environmental characteristics. I find that Black students, older students, and students in greater Atlanta are more likely to use a school bus, while students who live further from school, girls, students who have at least one parent with a college degree, and students who have at least one parent with a flexible work schedule are less likely to do so. Additionally, for those who are age-eligible, possessing a driver’s license strongly predicts not using a school bus. Notably, neither family income nor family structure are significant predictors of school bus use. Ultimately, these findings have implications for state school bus policy in Georgia and help elucidate who uses this important service so that resources can be directed appropriately.
Development and Evaluation of a Child Neurology Resident Curriculum for Communication Around Serious Illness
Authors: Martin Jan A. , Sampey Fiona , Feldman Alison , Silveira Lori , Press Craig A. , Messer Ricka , Barry Megan , Kaul Paritosh
Published: May 2023

Background: Communication around serious illness is a core competency for all residencies. One-fifth of neurology residencies have no curriculum. Published curricula use didactics or role-play to assess confidence performing this skill without evaluation in clinical settings. The SPIKES mnemonic (Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, Strategy/Summary) outlines 6 evidence-based steps for communication around serious illness. It is unknown whether child neurology residents can incorporate SPIKES into communication around serious illness in clinical settings. Objective: To develop and evaluate a curriculum on communication around serious illness using SPIKES for child neurology residents that shows long-term skill retention in clinical settings at a single institution. Methods: In 2019, we created a pre-post survey and skills checklist based on SPIKES, with 20 total including 10 core skills. Faculty observed residents’ (n  =  7) communication with families and completed both preintervention and postintervention checklists for comparison. Residents underwent training in SPIKES during a 2-hour session using didactic and coached role-play. Results: All (n  =  7) residents completed preintervention surveys, 4 of 6 completed postintervention. All (n  =  6) participated in the training session. Following the training, 75% of residents reported improved confidence in use of SPIKES, though 50% were still unsure about appropriately responding to emotions. There was improvement in all SPIKES skills, with significant improvement in 6 of 20 skills up to 1 year following training. Conclusion: This is the first evaluation of the implementation of a communication around serious illness curriculum for child neurology residents. We identified improved comfort with SPIKES after training. Successful acquisition and utilization of this framework in our program suggests it could be incorporated into any residency program.
Discharge Disposition and Loss of Independence Among Survivors of COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care: Results From the SCCM Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS)
Authors: Siddiqui Shahla , Kelly Lauren , Bosch Nicholas , Law Anica , Patel Love A , Perkins Nicholas , Armaignac Donna Lee , Zabolotskikh Igor , Christie Amy , Krishna Mohan Surapaneni , Deo Neha , Bansal Vikas , Kumar Vishaka K , Gajic Ognjen , Kashyap Rahul , Domecq Juan Pablo , Boman Karen , Walkey Allan , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , Schaefer Maximilian Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To describe incidence and risk factors of loss of previous independent living through nonhome discharge or discharge home with health assistance in survivors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Design

Multicenter observational study including patients admitted to the ICU from January 2020 till June 30, 2021.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that there is a high risk of nonhome discharge in patients surviving ICU admission due to COVID-19.

Setting

Data were included from 306 hospitals in 28 countries participating in the SCCM Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study COVID-19 registry.

Patients

Previously independently living adult ICU survivors of COVID-19.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

The primary outcome was nonhome discharge. Secondary outcome was the requirement of health assistance among patients who were discharged home. Out of 10 820 patients, 7101 (66%) were discharged alive; 3791 (53%) of these survivors lost their previous independent living status, out of those 2071 (29%) through nonhome discharge, and 1720 (24%) through discharge home requiring health assistance. In adjusted analyses, loss of independence on discharge among survivors was predicted by patient age ≥ 65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.47-3.14, P < .0001), former and current smoking status (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.46, P  =  .003 and 1.60 (95% CI 1.18-2.16), P  =  .003, respectively), substance use disorder (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12-2.06, P  =  .007), requirement for mechanical ventilation (aOR 4.17, 95% CI 3.69-4.71, P < .0001), prone positioning (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03-1.38, P  =  .02), and requirement for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.55-3.34, P < .0001).

Conclusions

More than half of ICU survivors hospitalized for COVID-19 are unable to return to independent living status, thereby imposing a significant secondary strain on health care systems worldwide.
Influenced by Power or Reasons? The Role of Amicus Curiae Briefs in Constitutional Court Decision-Making
Authors: Bagashka Tanya , Chapa Samantha , Tiede Lydia
Published: May 2023

In what ways do amicus curiae or friend of the court briefs shape the decisions of constitutional courts outside of the United States? Using a unique data set of more than nine hundred briefs from the Bulgarian Constitutional Court, hearing cases of constitutional review and legal interpretation, we analyze the Court’s propensities to both borrow language from briefs and cite the identity of interested parties. We find that the Court is more inclined to incorporate language from briefs by powerful government actors rather than non-governmental groups. Furthermore, the Court’s alignment with the governing coalition and the type of constitutional review also influence the propensity to borrow language from briefs. However, the Bulgarian Constitutional Court does not appear to favor citing any particular interested party. These results question whether the briefing process in Bulgaria lives up to democratic expectations for including less powerful civil society viewpoints into decision-making. The study is one of the few of its kind to explore how the reasoning found within the brief influences an important national high court outside of the United States.
No End in Sight? A Greenwash Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Montgomery A. Wren , Lyon Thomas P. , Barg Julian
Published: May 2023

Greenwashing is more virulent than ever. A profusion of environmental, social, and governance and net zero commitments are becoming fraught with questionable and misleading claims. At the same time, we are no closer to solving the pressing environmental and social issues of our time. In this review, we seek to examine this shift and summarize changes in greenwash research into three key phases: (a) 1.0 Static Communication; (b) 2.0 Dynamic Management; and (c) 3.0 Narratives about the Future. We analyze current key areas of developing literature and point to numerous open questions for future research. Next, we go beyond much of the published work to examine emerging tactics and lay out a forward-looking agenda for future research. We also propose a model of Corporate Miscommunication, integrating various streams in greenwash research. In doing so, we seek to lay a pathway for greenwashing researchers to finally find that elusive “end” to greenwashing.
Retrospective Report of Academic Motivation Among College Students With Elevated ADHD Symptoms
Authors: Capps R. Elizabeth , Shea Mary Lee , Evans Steven W.
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Children with ADHD exhibit deficits in academic motivation compared to their peers. Yet conceptualizations of motivation according to prominent motivation theories connected to achievement have not been studied in college-bound youth with ADHD symptoms.

Method:

This study examined motivation according to these theories, differences in motivation by ADHD symptoms, and how the cross-sectional association between motivation and achievement varies by ADHD symptoms. The sample included 461 first-year college students retrospectively reporting their motivation and achievement in their last year of high school.

Results:

Results indicated differences in motivation by ADHD symptoms. Mastery achievement goal orientation was uniquely associated with achievement and exerted beneficial effects on achievement at moderate to high ADHD symptom levels.

Conclusion:

Motivation may operate differently in association with achievement for college-bound youth with ADHD symptoms compared to youth with no to low symptoms.
The Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Cannabis Use and Associated Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Farrelly Kyra N , Wardell Jeffrey D , Marsden Emma , Scarfe Molly L , Najdzionek Peter , Turna Jasmine , MacKillop James
Published: May 2023

Background:

Recreational cannabis legalization has become more prevalent over the past decade, increasing the need to understand its impact on downstream health-related outcomes. Although prior reviews have broadly summarized research on cannabis liberalization policies (including decriminalization and medical legalization), directed efforts are needed to synthesize the more recent research that focuses on recreational cannabis legalization specifically. Thus, the current review summarizes existing studies using longitudinal designs to evaluate impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on cannabis use and related outcomes.

Method:

A comprehensive bibliographic search strategy revealed 61 studies published from 2016 to 2022 that met criteria for inclusion. The studies were predominantly from the United States (66.2%) and primarily utilized self-report data (for cannabis use and attitudes) or administrative data (for health-related, driving, and crime outcomes).

Results:

Five main categories of outcomes were identified through the review: cannabis and other substance use, attitudes toward cannabis, health-care utilization, driving-related outcomes, and crime-related outcomes. The extant literature revealed mixed findings, including some evidence of negative consequences of legalization (such as increased young adult use, cannabis-related healthcare visits, and impaired driving) and some evidence for minimal impacts (such as little change in adolescent cannabis use rates, substance use rates, and mixed evidence for changes in cannabis-related attitudes).

Conclusions:

Overall, the existing literature reveals a number of negative consequences of legalization, although the findings are mixed and generally do not suggest large magnitude short-term impacts. The review highlights the need for more systematic investigation, particularly across a greater diversity of geographic regions.
The association of children's motivation and physical activity levels with flipped learning during physical education lessons
Authors: Yip Pak Kwan , Cheng Lee , Cheung Peggy
Published: May 2023

Flipped learning is a pedagogical approach that directs instruction from a group to an individual learning space. This approach can stimulate students’ motivation, promote adequate physical activity levels, and reduce sedentary (SED) behaviour. Addressing the literature gap regarding the correlations among these factors in school physical education (PE), this study aimed to examine the association of students’ motivation, physical activity levels, and SED behaviour with flipped learning in a four-lesson learning unit. Framed by self-determination theory, a quasi-experimental design was adopted to measure and compare the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), SED, and motivation levels of 111 primary school students aged between 10 and 11 years ( mean = 10.07, standard deviation = .26) in Hong Kong. Fifty-two of the participants were female, and 59 were male. They were randomly assigned to experimental ( n = 57) and control ( n = 54) groups, in which a flipped learning approach was adopted in the experimental group for two weeks. A questionnaire survey and accelerometers were used to measure participants’ motivation (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation) and their physical activity levels. The findings revealed significantly higher MVPA levels and lower SED levels in the experimental group. Autonomous motivation was found to have a positive correlation with MVPA levels and a negative correlation with SED levels, indicating a positive predictor of the two. The findings of this study reveal the potential of flipped learning to enhance students’ MVPA and reduce their SED behaviour during primary school PE lessons.
A microscale constitutive model for thin stainless steel sheets considering size effect
Authors: Firouzjaei Mehdi Karimi , Naeini Hassan Moslemi , Kasaei Mohammad Mehdi , Mirnia Mohammad Javad , da Silva Lucas F M
Published: May 2023

This research is focused on the modeling of the deformation behavior of thin austenitic stainless steel sheets to consider size effect in microscale. First, the material with two different thicknesses is heat treated to obtain different grain sizes, and then they are characterized by the uniaxial tensile tests. The experimental results show that flow stress decreases with the reduction of the sheet thickness and the increase of the grain size. The decline of the flow stress curve is associated with the decrease of the strength coefficient and increase of the hardening exponent as the plastic deformation is scaled down to the microscale. To better model the behavior of the material in the microscale, a new constitutive model is proposed based on the Swift equation to take into account the geometry and grain size effect. This model is also defined in the finite element model of the uniaxial tensile test. It is found that the flow stress curve predicted by the proposed constitutive model shifts down by the decrease of the number of grains across the thickness, which are consistent with the experimental results. In addition, the finite element model with the proposed constitutive model predicts accurately the deformation load in the uniaxial tensile tests. It can be concluded that the proposed constitutive model can provide a good description of the flow stress by considering the interactive effect of specimen and grain sizes and can be used in the modeling of material behavior in microforming processes.
Ruptured arteriovenous malformation mortality: Incidence, risk factors, and inpatient outcome score
Authors: Feldstein Eric , Zhong Allison , Clare Kevin , Nolan Bridget , Patel Smit , Lavi-Romer Nir , Stadlan Zehavya , Dicpinigaitis Alis , Dominguez Jose , Kamal Haris , Shapiro Steven D. , Biswas Arundhati , Tanweer Omar , Bulsara Ketan , Muh Carrie , Pisapia Jared , Hanft Simon , Mayer Stephan , Gandhi Chirag D. , Al-Mufti Fawaz
Published: May 2023

Background

Limited literature exists on the morbidity and mortality of AVM associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared with non-AVM ICH.

Objective

We examine morbidity and mortality in cAVM in a large nationwide inpatient sample to create a prognostic inpatient ruptured AVM mortality score.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study from 2008 to 2014 compares outcomes in cAVM related hemorrhages and ICH utilizing the National Inpatient Sample database. Diagnostic codes for ICH and AVM underlying ICH were identified. We compared case fatality according to medical complications. Multivariate analysis was used to derive hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess odds of mortality.

Results

We identified 6496 patients with ruptured AVMs comparing them to 627,185 admitted with ICH. Mortality was lower for ruptured AVMs (11%) compared to ICH (22%) [ p < 0.01]. Mortality associated factors were liver disease (OR 2.64, CI 1.81–3.85, p < .001), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.42, CI 1.38–4.22, p = 0.002), alcohol abuse (OR 1.81, CI 1.31–2.49, p = 0.001), hydrocephalus (OR 3.35 CI 2.81–4.00, p < 0.001), cerebral edema (OR 1.5, 1.25–1.85, p < 0.001), cardiac arrest (OR 15, CI 7.9–30, p < 0.001), and pneumonia (OR 1.93, CI 1.51–2.47, p < 0.001). A 0–5 ruptured AVM mortality score was developed: Cardiac arrest (=3), age >60 (=1), Black race (=1), chronic liver failure (=1) diabetes mellitus (=1), pneumonia (=1), alcohol abuse (=1) and cerebral edema (=1). Mortality increased with score. No patient with 5 or more points survived.

Conclusion

The Ruptured AVM Mortality Score allows for risk stratification on patients with ICH due to ruptured AVM. This scale could prove useful in prognostication and patient education.
Determination of patient-specific airway stent fit using novel 3D reconstruction measurement techniques: a 4-year follow-up of a patient
Authors: Ntiamoah Prince , Gildea Thomas R. , Baiera Adrianna
Published: May 2023

Managing complex benign airway disease is a major challenge in interventional pulmonology. With the introduction of additive manufacturing in the medical field, patient-specific (PS) implants are an innovate prospect for airway management. Historically, stents were oversized to resist migration. However, the optimal degree and impact of stent oversizing remains unclear. The ability to design stents based on computed tomography (CT) invites opportunity to understand sizing. Here, we report a novel three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction tool to quantify fit repeatedly over time. Analysis of CT imaging before and after successive stent implants in a single patient with different areas of stenosis and malacia was done. Nine PS airway stents over 4 years (five left mainstem and four right mainstem) were studied. The distance between the airway model and stent was calculated. The CT images were correlated to stent designs in CloudCompare software (v2.10-alpha) for novel analysis. Heat map was exported depicting the distances between the airway and the stent to the clinician’s prescribed stent model. Corresponding histograms containing distances, mean, and standard deviation were reported. It is possible to measure stent fit based on heat map quantification on patient imaging. Observation of the airway over time and stent change suggests that the airway became more open over time requiring increased stent diameters. The ability to design and measure stent fit over time can help quantify the utility and impact of PS silicone airway stent. The airway appears to display plasticity such that there is notable change in stent prescription over time.
BIPOC Women Faculty in Community Colleges and the Expectations of Emotional Labor
Authors: Choi Minkyung
Published: May 2023

Women faculty in higher education, and particularly BIPOC women faculty in community colleges, often bear the weight of emotional labor, or the expectation of managing both their feelings as well as their students’ emotional needs. Because emotional labor goes unrecognized, this places a strain on faculty who balance teaching, research, and advising in addition to emotional labor. The purpose of this paper is to explore the emotional labor performed by BIPOC women faculty in community colleges and ways institutions can value and support this work.
Existential capitalism and gentrification in pandemic times
Authors: Wilson David
Published: May 2023

After a brief lull in gentrification amid the recent massive lockdown and economic stall across the global north, this process's fifth wave again moves rapidly through many cities. We muddy up frequently undertheorized actors in current gentrification, on-the-ground consumers and producers of this restructuring, to complicate radical political economy understandings of this process. Focusing on two growing gentrifier groups in this process's fifth wave, one kind of hipster (the upper-income urban pioneer) and one kind of developer (the real-estate mogul), we identify them as psychically seared by three structural, entangling forces that embed in the capitalist everyday: piercing pandemic realities, gnawing capitalist affliction and numbing existential ailment. Our text's heart is how a group's leap into gentrification becomes a dramatic quest to bolster their withered meaning systems. As we show, gentrification for this important demographic is, in pandemic days, one glittery and well publicized way – a perverse way – to feel whole and escape the psychic dungeon of everyday life and work. This group's fantasy of re-birthing the city center as a new moral, social and physical frontier is cathartic theater; it enlivens them to recover what they struggle to re-claim: a lost euphoria of feelings and experiential relevance. Our re-centering the role of these actors in current gentrification, after decades of simplifying their goals and motivations, takes them out of the domain of sleepy, simple subjects to the recognition of complicated beings in advanced capitalist-pandemic days.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of a web-based application for using the new National Medication List in Sweden
Authors: Bergman Frida , Hammar Tora
Published: May 2023

Objective

During the first stage of implementing the National Medication List in Sweden, a web-based application called Förskrivningskollen (FK) was launched. FK includes information about a patient's prescribed and dispensed medications, and it works as a backup system until the healthcare electronic health record (EHR) systems are fully integrated. The aim of this study was to examine the healthcare professionals’ experiences and perceptions of FK.

Methods

The study applied a mixed methods approach, with statistics about the use of FK and a survey with open and closed questions. The respondents (n  =  288) were healthcare professionals who were users or potential users of FK.

Results

Overall there was little knowledge about FK and uncertainty regarding working routines and the regulations connected to the application. Lack of interoperability with the EHRs made FK time-consuming to use. Respondents said that the information in FK was not updated, and they were concerned that using FK could lead to a false sense of security about the accuracy of the list. Most clinical pharmacists thought FK added benefit to their clinical work, while as a group, physicians were more ambivalent about FK's benefit.

Conclusions

The concerns of healthcare professionals give important insights for future implementation of shared medication lists. Working routines and regulations linked to FK need to be clarified. In Sweden, the potential value of a national shared medication list will probably not be realized until it is fully integrated into the EHR in a way that supports healthcare professionals’ desired ways of working.
Development and usability testing of your MS questionnaire: A patient-based digital tool to monitor symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Giovannoni Gavin , Alvarez Enrique , Tutton Ellen , Hoffmann Olaf , Xu Yan , Vermersch Patrick , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Trojano Maria , Gold Ralf , Robles-Cedeño René , Khwaja Mudeer , Stadler Bianca , Vandercappellen Jo , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: May 2023

Objectives

We describe the development of Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire and present the real-world usability testing results of Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire.

Methods

The Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire tool was developed in four stages to collect feedback from people living with MS (plwMS), patient organizations, and clinicians on content, format, and applicability. To assess its usability, 13 clinicians across 7 countries completed an online survey after using the tool with plwMS in a total of 261 consultations from September, 2020 to July, 2021.

Results

The initial Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire version was based on findings from previous research developing MSProDiscuss™, a clinician-completed tool. Subsequently, insights from plwMS obtained during cognitive debriefing, patient councils and advisory boards led to changes including the addition of mood and sexual problems and the definition of relapse. All 13 clinicians completed the individual survey, whereas 10 clinicians completed the final survey. Clinicians “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire was easy to use and understand (98.5%; 257/261 patient consultations). The clinicians were willing to use the tool again with the same patient (98.1%; 256/261 patient consultations). All clinicians who completed the final survey (100%; 10/10) reported the tool to have a positive influence on their clinical practice, helped patients engage with their MS, facilitated discussion with patients, and complemented neurological assessment.

Conclusion

Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire benefits both plwMS and clinicians by facilitating a structured discussion and engaging the plwMS to self-monitor and self-manage. Your Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire is compatible with telemedicine practice and integration of the tool into electronic health records would enable tracking of the disease evolution and individual monitoring of MS symptoms over time.
Bangladesh's ready-made garments sector rebound: Revisiting gendered labor precarity and dependency
Authors: Khaled Abu Faisal Md , Ansar Anas
Published: May 2023

Thousands of ready-made garment (RMG) workers, frequently seen as Bangladesh's lifeline for economic growth and poverty alleviation, were sacked arbitrarily just weeks after the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. The widespread cancellation of existing orders, followed by factory closures and worker layoffs, triggered an unprecedented crisis for RMG workers, the vast majority of whom are women. As the industry is slowly recovering from the initial upheaval and on its way to rebound, this article revisits the impacts of the pandemic on the RMG workers in Bangladesh, who predominantly hails from impoverished rural regions of the country. Using first-hand data and secondary literature, this article offers a compelling account of the pandemic outbreak's disproportionate impact on female RMG workers. As we examine the effects on workers, we also look back at the structural hierarchies and power asymmetries embedded in this sector—a quintessential feature of the contemporary global economy. The article offers three distinct contributions to the emerging literature on the Covid-19 pandemic and its impacts on the changing labor spectrum in the global South. First, it explores the pandemic's broader gendered implications, revealing how it unevenly affected women. Second, it underlines how the pre-existing power dynamic within the global supply chain further exacerbated inequality, marginalization, and workers' precarity in Bangladesh's RMG industry. Lastly, it underscores the unequal interdependence between "core" and "peripheral" countries in the global production and labor landscape, highlighting the asymmetrical nature of their relationship.
On Track or Off Track? Identifying a Typology of Math Course-Taking Sequences in U.S. High Schools
Authors: Han Seong Won , Kang Chungseo , Weis Lois , Dominguez Rachel
Published: May 2023

The authors examine students’ linear progression histories in mathematics throughout high school years, using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. Although scholars have attended to this before, the authors provide a new organizing framework for thousands of heterogenous mathematics course-taking sequences. Using cluster analysis, the authors identify eight distinctive course-taking sequence typologies. Approximately 45 percent of students take a linear sequence of mathematics, whereas others stop taking mathematics altogether, repeat coursework, or regress to lower level courses. Only about 14 percent of students take the expected four-year linear sequence of Algebra 1–Geometry–Algebra II–Advanced Mathematics. Membership into different typologies is related to student characteristics and school settings (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, and high school graduation requirements). The results provide a tool for schools’ self-assessment of mathematics course-taking histories among students, creating intervention opportunities and a foundation for future research on advancing our understanding of stratification in math course-taking patterns, postsecondary access, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors.
Individual trigger factors for hemorrhagic stroke: Evidence from case-crossover and self-controlled case series studies
Authors: Liu Junyu , Luo Chun , Guo Yuxin , Cao Fang , Yan Junxia
Published: May 2023

Background:

Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a sudden-onset disease with high mortality and disability rates, and it is crucial to explore the triggers of HS. In this study, we analyzed individual triggers for HS to provide a basis for HS prevention and intervention.

Methods:

A systematic search of five databases was conducted until December 2022. Studies on HS-related individual triggers conducted using a case-crossover study or self-controlled case series design were included in the descriptive summary and comprehensive evidence synthesis of each trigger.

Results:

A total of 39 studies were included after the screening, and 32 trigger factor categories were explored for associations. Potential trigger factors for HS were as follows: Antiplatelet (odd ratio (OR), 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.21) and anticoagulant (OR, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.04–14.46) medications, mood stabilizers/antipsychotics (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07–1.65), infections (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.73–2.67), vaccinations (relative risk, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.21), physical exertion (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.58–2.74), cola consumption (OR, 5.45; 95% CI, 2.76–10.76), sexual activity (OR, 7.49; 95% CI, 2.23–25.22), nose blowing (OR range, 2.40–56.40), defecation (OR, 16.94; 95% CI, 3.40–84.37), and anger (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.56–8.26). No associations were observed with illicit drug use (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 0.52–8.06) or cigarette smoking (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.52–1.24) and HS.

Conclusions:

Individual triggers, including several medications, infections, vaccinations, and behaviors, may trigger HS onset. Direct control measures for behavioral triggers can play a crucial role in preventing HS. High-risk populations should receive personalized therapies and monitoring measures during the medication treatment to balance the risk of acute HS and the basic diseases.
Compassionate communities: How to assess their benefit? A protocol of a collaborative study between different countries
Authors: González-Jaramillo Valentina , Krikorian Alicia , Tripodoro Vilma , Jorge Margarita , Zambrano Sofia C. , López Francy , Vélez Maria Clara , Noguera Tatiana , Orellana Sebastián , Montilla Silvina , Christen-Cevallos Rosero Andri , Eychmüller Steffen
Published: May 2023

Background:

Communities and local governments invest in compassionate communities (CCs) a great deal of time, money, effort, and work. However, it is not known whether the CCs are having the effect they are expected to have, so the value of continuing with these initiatives is unknown, and there is a need for a model for evaluating CCs to solve the question.

Objectives:

To identify a set of core outcomes or benefits that should be measured to assess the impact of the CCs.

Design:

Multiple-methods study involving three communities, each in a different country (Argentina, Colombia, and Switzerland).

Methods and analysis:

To identifying the set of core outcomes, which is the first step in developing the CC evaluation model, five phases will follow: online meetings, literature review, fieldwork, Delphi survey, and social transfer. We will involve members of the local communities of Bern, Buenos Aires, and Medellin at three different levels: (1) citizens (e.g. patients, caregivers, and family members), (2) organizations and institutions involved in the program implementation (e.g. health care organizations, churches, non-governmental organizations, and schools), and (3) political and governmental sectors.

Ethics:

The study will be conducted following existing international regulations and guidance such as the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee of Pallium Latin America and the ethics committee of the canton of Bern considered our application exempt from the need for approval. Ethics approval in Bern and Buenos Aires is in the process of being obtained. The ethics committee of the Pontifical Bolivarian University approved this protocol.

Discussion:

We expect that this project will help bridge the gap in knowledge regarding the measurable impact of the CCs and enhance more CC development.
Radiographic and α-fetoprotein response predict pathologic complete response to immunotherapy plus a TKI in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Shen Ying-Hao , Xu Bin , Wu Dong , Ji Yuan , Chen Ling-Li , Song Tian-Qiang , Zhang Wei , Zeng Zhi-Ming , Huang Hua-Sheng , Wang Kui , Huang Lan-Qing , Chen Yong-Jun , Yang Yu-Chen , Zhou Le-Du , Long Guo , Zhao Hai-Tao , Wang Yun-Chao , Ge Ning-Ling , Chen Yi , Tan Chang-Jun , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Sun Hui-Chuan
Published: May 2023

Background

Pathologic complete response (pCR) following preoperative systemic therapy is associated with improved outcomes after subsequent liver transplant/resection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the relationship between radiographic and histopathological response remains unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively examined patients with initially unresectable HCC who received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus anti–programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy before undergoing liver resection between March 2019 and September 2021 across 7 hospitals in China. Radiographic response was evaluated using mRECIST. A pCR was defined as no viable tumor cells in resected samples.

Results

We included 35 eligible patients, of whom 15 (42.9%) achieved pCR after systemic therapy. After a median follow-up of 13.2 months, tumors recurred in 8 non-pCR and 1 pCR patient. Before resection, there were 6 complete responses, 24 partial responses, 4 stable disease cases, and 1 progressive disease case, per mRECIST. Predicting pCR by radiographic response yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.558–0.902), with an optimal cutoff value of 80% reduction in the enhanced area in MRI (called major radiographic response), which had a 66.7% sensitivity, 85.0% specificity, and a 77.1% diagnostic accuracy. When radiographic response was combined with α-fetoprotein response, the AUC was 0.926 (95% CI: 0.785–0.999); the optimal cutoff value was 0.446, which had a 91.7% sensitivity, 84.6%, specificity, and an 88.0% diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions

In patients with unresectable HCC receiving combined TKI/anti–PD 1 therapy, major radiographic response alone or combined with α-fetoprotein response may predict pCR.