bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and structural characterization of methacrylic acid/octadecyl acrylate‐graft‐poly(methylhydrosiloxane) by hydrosilylation
Authors: Lin Fang , Song Mizhao , He Zhuangzhi , Zhang Tingyou
Published: December 2007

Methylmethacrylate (MMA) and octadecyl acrylate (OA) were grafted to poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) by hydrosilylation, respectively, with hexachloroplatinic acid as catalyst, and the former was further hydrolyzed to prepare methacrylic acid (MAA)‐graft‐PMHS under the alkaline condition. Through orthogonal experiment, main factors affecting the graft reaction between OA and PMHS were discussed and arranged in a decreasing order according to their abilities of the effect on the hydrosilylation of OA with PMHS: catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, material ratio, and solvent dosage. It was found that the hydrosilylation of OA with PMHS was easier to that of MMA with PMHS. Under optimal conditions, the grafting ratios of MMA with PMHS and OA with PMHS reached about 90 and 95%, respectively. FTIR and 1H NMR spectra indicated that the hydrosilylation reactions followed the Markovnikov's rule and played a strong preference toward β‐1,2‐addition. The test of contact angle indicated that surface energy of a system was mainly dependent on the polar groups. The surface energy of OA‐graft‐PMHS (35.07 mN/m) was similar to those of PMHS (35.62 mN/m) and polyoctadecyl acrylate (36.57 mN/m), and lower than that of MAA‐graft‐PMHS (43.50 mN/m). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Conjugate electrospinning of continuous nanofiber yarn of poly(L‐lactide)/nanotricalcium phosphate nanocomposite
Authors: Li Xinsong , Yao Chen , Sun Fuqian , Song Tangying , Li Yunhui , Pu Yuepu
Published: December 2007

The continuous nanofiber yarns of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA)/nano‐β‐tricalcium phosphate (n‐TCP) composite are prepared from oppositely charged electrospun nanofibers by conjugate electrospinning with coupled spinnerets. The morphology and mechanical properties of PLLA/n‐TCP nanofiber yarns are characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and electronic fiber strength tester. The results show that PLLA/n‐TCP nanofibers are aligned well along the longitudinal axis of the yarn, and the concentration of PLLA plays a significant role on the diameter of the nanofibers. The thicker yarn of PLLA/n‐TCP composite with the weight ratio of 10/1 has been produced by multiple conjugate electrospinning using three pairs of spinnerets, and the yarn has tensile strength of 0.31cN/dtex. A preliminary study of cell biocompatibility suggests that PLLA/n‐TCP nanofiber yarns may be useable scaffold materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Prominent down‐regulation of storage protein genes after bacterial challenge in eri‐silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini
Authors: Meng Yan , Omuro Naoko , Funaguma Shunsuke , Daimon Takaaki , Kawaoka Shinpei , Katsuma Susumu , Shimada Toru
Published: December 2007

We constructed two independent cDNA libraries from the fat body of Escherichia coli‐ or Candida albicans‐challenged eri‐silkworm Samia cynthia ricini larvae. We performed comparative expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the two cDNA libraries and found that two putative storage protein genes, ScSP1 and ScSP2, were markedly repressed by E. coli injection as compared with C. albicans injection. By quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR analysis, we showed that ScSP1 mRNA significantly reduced to 1/32–1/3 in the fat body of the female larvae, and ScSP2 mRNA reduced to 1/7–1/3 and 1/22–1/5 in the females and males, respectively, 12–36 h after E. coli injection as compared with PBS injection. In addition, SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed that the accumulation of both the ScSP proteins in the larval hemolymph apparently decreased up to 36 h after E. coli injection. However, the amounts of the two ScSP proteins returned to the same level as those in the larvae injected with PBS by 48 h after injection, showing that the reduction in ScSPs caused by the bacterial challenge was transient. Moreover, potential binding sites for the Drosophila Rel/NF‐κB protein Dorsal were found in the 5′ upstream regulatory regions of ScSP1 and ScSP2, suggesting the participation of the Rel/NF‐κB proteins in controlling the bacterial suppression of the ScSP genes. These results suggested the hypothesis that S. c. ricini has a genetic program to shut down temporarily dispensable gene expression in order to induce an acute and efficient expression of immune‐related genes. These findings may provide new insight into the innate immune system in lepidopteran insects. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromagnetic millimeter wave induced hypoalgesia: Frequency dependence and involvement of endogenous opioids
Authors: Radzievsky A.A. , Gordiienko O.V. , Alekseev S. , Szabo I. , Cowan A. , Ziskin M.C.
Published: December 2007

Millimeter wave treatment (MMWT) is based on the systemic biological effects that develop following local skin exposure to low power electromagnetic waves in the millimeter range. In the present set of experiments, the hypoalgesic effect of this treatment was analyzed in mice. The murine nose area was exposed to MMW of “therapeutic” frequencies: 42.25, 53.57, and 61.22 GHz. MMWT‐induced hypoalgesia was shown to be frequency dependent in two experimental models: (1) the cold water tail‐flick test (chronic non‐neuropathic pain), and (2) the wire surface test (chronic neuropathic pain following unilateral constriction injury to the sciatic nerve). Maximum hypoalgesic effect was obtained when the frequency was 61.22 GHz. Other exposure parameters were: incident power density = 13.3 mW/cm2, duration of each exposure = 15 min. Involvement of δ and κ endogenous opioids in the MMWT‐induced hypoalgesia was demonstrated using selective blockers of δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors and the direct ELISA measurement of endogenous opioids in CNS tissue. Possible mechanisms of the effect and the perspectives of the clinical application of MMWT are discussed. Bioelectromagnetics 29:284–295, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Yield optimization of regulated metabolic systems using deterministic branch‐and‐reduce methods
Authors: Polisetty Pradeep K. , Gatzke Edward P. , Voit Eberhard O.
Published: December 2007

This paper addresses product yield optimization in microorganisms grown in continuous culture. Traditional optimization strategies of random mutagenesis and selection will eventually have limited efficacy, thus requiring more focused strategies. The best candidates for such strategies appear to be mathematical models that capture the essence of metabolic systems and permit optimization with computational methods. In the past, models used for this purpose have been stoichiometric, kinetic in the form of S‐systems, or ad hoc. This work presents a deterministic approach based on generalized mass action (GMA) systems. These systems are interesting in that they allow direct merging of stoichiometric and S‐system models. Two illustrations are considered. In the first case, the fermentation pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is optimized for ethanol production under steady‐state conditions. The model of this pathway is relatively small, with five states and eight rate constants. The second example addresses the maximization of citric acid in the mold Aspergillus niger. For the optimization of this larger pathway system with 30 states and 60 reactions, a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) is proposed. It is shown that efficient MINLP algorithms, based on convexification, branch‐and‐reduce methods, and binary variable selection, are essential for solving these difficult optimization problems. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1154–1169. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Reactions of Epoxides with Indoles and Pyrroles in 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol
Authors: Westermaier Martin , Mayr Herbert
Published: December 2007

Aliphatic and aromatic epoxides react regio‐ and stereoselectively with indoles and pyrroles in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol without the use of a catalyst or any other additive. While aromatic epoxides are selectively attacked at the benzylic position, aliphatic epoxides react at the less‐substituted position. Chiral epoxides react with >99 % ee (ee=enantiomeric excess).
Infrared Study of Intercomponent Interactions in a Switchable Hydrogen‐Bonded Rotaxane
Authors: Jagesar Dhiredj C. , Hartl František , Buma Wybren Jan , Brouwer Albert M.
Published: December 2007

The macrocycle in rotaxane 1 is preferentially hydrogen bonded to the succinamide station in the neutral form, but can be moved to the naphthalimide station by one‐electron reduction of the latter. The hydrogen bonding between the amide NH groups of the macrocycle and the CO groups in the binding stations in the thread was studied with IR spectroscopy in different solvents in both states. In addition, the solvent effect on the vibrational frequencies was analyzed; a correlation with the solvent acceptor number (AN) was observed. The conformational switching upon reduction could be detected by monitoring the hydrogen‐bond‐induced shifts of the ν(CO) frequencies of the CO groups of the succinamide and the reduced naphthalimide stations. The macrocycle was found to shield the encapsulated station from the solvent: wavenumbers of ν(CO) bands of the CO groups residing inside the macrocycle cavity remain unaffected by the solvent polarity.
Electronic Structure, Galvanomagnetic and Magnetic Properties of the Bismuth Subhalides Bi4I4 and Bi4Br4.
Authors: Filatova T. G. , Gurin P. V. , Kloo L. , Kulbachinskii V. A. , Kuznetsov A. N. , Kytin V. G. , Lindsjo M. , Popovkin B. A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Generation of One Light‐Induced Metastable Nitrosyl Linkage Isomer in [Pt(NH3)4Cl(NO)]Cl2 in the Red Spectral Range.
Authors: Schaniel Dominik , Woike Theo , Delley Bernard , Biner Daniel , Kraemer Karl W. , Guedel Hans‐Ueli
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction Studies of New Framework Substituted Type II Clathrates, Cs8Na16AgxGe136‐x (x < 7).
Authors: Beekman M. , Wong‐Ng W. , Kaduk J. A. , Shapiro A. , Nolas G. S.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a New Series of Chiral Tri‐ and Tetradentate Ligands and Their Application in Titanium‐Catalyzed Pinacol Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Joshi N. N.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thia‐Michael Addition Reactions in Water Using 3‐[Bis(alkylthio)methylene]pentane‐2,4‐diones as Odorless and Efficient Thiol Equivalents.
Authors: Chai Yanyan , Dong Dewen , Ouyang Yan , Liang Yongjiu , Wang Yan , Li Minghui , Liu Qun
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of p‐Quinols by Lead(IV) Acetate Oxidation.
Authors: Prokai‐Tatrai Katalin , Rivera‐Portalatin Nilka M. , Rauniyar Navin , Prokai Laszlo
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New Amino Acids with a 5‐Imino‐2,5‐dihydro‐3‐furanyl Substituent at the Amino Group.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Mal'kina Anastasiya G. , Shemyakina Olesya A. , Borisova Angela P. , Nosyreva Valentian V. , Dyachenko Oleg A. , Kazheva Olga N. , Alexandrov Gennadii G.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Alkoxy‐3‐cyanocarboxylic Acids: A Rapid Entry to New GABA Derivatives.
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , da Silva Fabio M. , da Rosa Luciana S. , Jank Louise , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Substituted 3‐Cyclobutene‐1,2‐diones.
Authors: Ivanovsky Sergey A. , Dorogov Mikhail V. , Kravchenko Dmitry V. , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Addition of Organoboronic Acids with 1,2‐Allenic Sulfones, Sulfoxides, or Alkyl‐ or Aryl‐Substituted Allenes in the Presence of Acetic Acid: An Efficient Synthesis of (E)‐Alkenes.
Authors: Guo Hao , Ma Shengming
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sodium Dithionite Initiated Addition of CF2Br2, CF3I and (CF3)2CFI to Allylaromatics. Synthesis and the Reactivity of 4‐Aryl‐1,1‐difluorodienes and 4‐Aryl‐1,1‐bis(trifluoromethyl)dienes.
Authors: Ignatowska Jolanta , Dmowski Wojciech
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Polyfunctional Aryl Triazenes via a Direct Insertion Reaction of Zn in the Presence of LiCl.
Authors: Liu Ching‐Yuan , Knochel Paul
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
DMAP‐Catalyzed Benzannulation of Ethyl Propiolate with β‐Dicarbonyl Moieties.
Authors: Zhou Qing‐Fa , Yang Fei , Guo Qing‐Xiang , Xue Song
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfated Zirconia (SO4/ZrO2) as a Reusable Solid Acid Catalyst for the Mannich‐Type Reaction Between Ketene Silyl Acetals and Aldimines.
Authors: Wang Sainan , Matsumura Shuichi , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and in vitro Antitumor Activity of a New Series of 4‐Chloro‐2‐mercapto‐5‐methylbenzenesulfonamide Derivatives.
Authors: Slawinski J. , Brzozowski Z.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chitosan‐Supported Palladium(0) Catalyst for Microwave‐Prompted Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction in Water.
Authors: Yi Song‐Se , Lee Dong‐Ho , Sin Eunyoung , Lee Yoon‐Sik
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium Catalyzed Decarbonylative Mizoroki—Heck Reactions of Benzoyl Chloride and Styrene under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: de Luna Martins Daniela , Alvarez Heiddy M. , Aguiar Lucia C. S. , Antunes O. A. C.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Ring Opening Reactions of Diphenyldihydrofullerenylpyrroles.
Authors: Hawkins Bill C. , Keller Paul A. , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluoroalkylation of Pent‐4‐en‐1‐ols Initiated by Sodium Dithionite to Synthesize Fluorine‐Containing Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Yueyan , Wang Zhonghua , Zhu Yaoping , Fang Xiang , Yang Xianjin , Wu Fanhong , Shen Yongjia
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Condensation of 4‐Aryl‐4‐oxobutanoic Acids with Benzylamines: Synthetic and Structural Studies on 1‐Arylmethyl‐3‐ [(E)‐1‐arylmethylidene]‐5‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐2‐pyrrolones.
Authors: Rao H. Surya Prakash , Senthilkumar S. , Gopu K. , Rafi Shaik
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Method for Annulation of the α‐Pyrone Ring.
Authors: Traven V. F. , Voevodina I. V. , Manaev A. V. , Podkhalyuzina N. Ya.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antidiabetic Activity of Some New Chromonyl‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones.
Authors: Bozdag‐Duendar Oya , Ceylan‐Uenluesoy Meltem , Verspohl Eugen J. , Ertan Rahmiye
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel One‐Pot Oxidative Cyclization of 2′‐Amino and 2′‐Hydroxychalcones Employing FeCl3×6H2O—Methanol. Synthesis of 4‐Alkoxy‐2‐aryl‐quinolines and Flavones.
Authors: Kumar Kalvi Hemanth , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Tosylcarbamide Derivatives of 2‐Pyridinium and 2‐Pyrimidinium — A New Class of Inhibitors of Metabolically Excitable Potassium Channels in Cells of the Myocardium.
Authors: Stankevicius A. P. , Janusene L. N. , Gendviliene V. I. , Gurskaite G. A. , Zablockaite D. P.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Condensed Isoquinolines. Part 20. Characteristic Features of Thermal Rearrangement of 7,12‐Dihydro‐5H‐isoquino[2,3‐a]quinazolin‐5‐one to Form 6,11‐Dihydro‐13H‐isoquino[3,2‐b]quinazolin‐13‐one.
Authors: Potikha L. M. , Kovtunenko V. A. , Tarasevich A. V. , Wolf J. G. , Andre Ch.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐5‐ (4‐carboxycyclohexylmethyl)‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3,5‐thiadiazine‐2‐thione Derivatives as Antifibrinolytic and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Oezcelik Azime Berna , Ersan Seyhan , Ural Ali Ugur , Oezkan Semiha , Ertan Mevluet
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the First Example of a Tetrahydroindeno[2,1‐c]azonine System by the Reaction of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐indeno[2,1‐c]pyridinium Methylide with Methyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.
Authors: Soldatenkov A. T. , Volkov S. V. , Soldatova S. A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Spiro‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐λ5‐oxaphospholes.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Sabbaghan Maryam , Ghazanfarpour‐Darjani Majid
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Assignment of the Absolute Configuration of the Marine Pentacyclic Polyether (+)‐Enshuol by Total Synthesis.
Authors: Morimoto Yoshiki , Yata Hiromi , Nishikawa Yoshihiro
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Further New Cembranoid Diterpenes from the Hainan Soft Coral Sarcophyton latum.
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Hong , Li Zhen‐Yu , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Dafachronic Acid A, the Ligand for the DAF‐12 Nuclear Receptor of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Authors: Giroux Simon , Corey E. J.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Steroidal Saponins Bearing an Aromatic E Ring.
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Li Ming , Liu Xueting , Yu Biao
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Nitro Alcohol: Total Synthesis of Taxol Side Chain and (‐)‐Bestatin.
Authors: Gogoi Naminita , Borah Jagat C. , Boruwa Joshodeep , Barua Nabin C.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Formation and Cleavage of Benzylidene Acetals by Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate Supported on Silica Gel.
Authors: Niu Youhong , Wang Ning , Cao Xiaoping , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Flabelliformides A (I) and B (II), Two Novel Indole Alkaloids from Ervatamia flabelliformis.
Authors: Liang Shuang , Chen Hai‐Sheng , Shen Yun‐Heng , Jin Li , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Gallocatechin‐3‐gallate Analogues.
Authors: Vaiana Nadia , Rizzi Luca , Pezzano Maria G. , Restelli Roberto , Rota Filippo , Stefanini Silvia , Vicentini Silvia , Romeo Sergio
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of the Obscure Mealybug, the First Example of a New Class of Monoterpenoids.
Authors: Millar Jocelyn G. , Midland Sharon L.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
(+)‐Saxitoxin: A First and Second Generation Stereoselective Synthesis.
Authors: Fleming James J. , McReynolds Matthew D. , Du Bois J.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Potent and Selective β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists Containing Heterobiaryl Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Shearer Barry G. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Advances in Magnetic Nanostructures
Authors: Moran‐Lopez J. L.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure, Magnetism, and Thermodynamics of the Novel Rare Earth‐Based Ln5T4 Intermetallics
Authors: Pecharsky V. K. , Gschneidner K. A. Jr.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening: A Concept in Stereoselective Catalysis Beyond Classical Kinetic Resolutions and Desymmetrizations.
Authors: Gansaeuer Andreas , Fan Chun‐An , Keller Florian , Karbaum Peter
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functionalization of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hirsch Andreas
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins
Authors: Thayer Desiree A. , Wong Chi‐Huey
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Histocompatibility Testing for Highly Sensitized Transplant Candidates
Authors: Saidman S. L.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three‐dimensional distribution patterns of CD34 antigen on nonactivated cord blood cells
Authors: Jung Georges , Wunder Eckart , Dieterlen Alain , Hénon Philippe , Jacquey Serge
Published: December 2007

Circulating immature blood cells are inhomogeneous in most cytometric parameters, including CD34 expression. This surface antigen forms patches, and we studied their spatial distribution pattern by processing staggered and digitalized microscopical images; the number, fluorescence intensity, and volume were determined in randomly identified CD34‐positive cord blood cells in suspension. Quantitative fluorescence analysis of individual CD34‐labeled cells was performed after acquisition of microscopical images in high resolution by using a CCD camera and adjacent deconvolution. Two major (n = 42 and n = 41) and one minor (n = 5) group of haematopoietic progenitors with different CD34+ distribution patterns were detected. All CD34 antigen patches are localized on the spherical cell membrane, and differ most significantly in fluorescence intensity (P < 10−4), antigen volume (P < 0.004), and patch number per cell (P < 0.02). If all parameters are employed, 96.6% of CD34+ cells are correctly classified into one of the three groups as shown by discriminant analysis. If fluorescence intensity is eliminated, recognition efficiency decreases to 68.2%, indicating that this is the most powerful single parameter. While total fluorescence intensity is most characteristic for each group, total patch volume and number per cell, and heterogeneity of patch volumes and their spatial distribution also contribute significantly to reliable classification into their groups. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Low‐cost enumeration of CD4+ T cells using a density‐based negative selection method (RosetteSep™) for the monitoring of HIV‐infected individuals in non‐OECD countries
Authors: Bold Angelika , Wurth Rainer , Keller Thomas , Trahorsch Ulrike , Voigt Peter , Schubert Stefan , Sack Ulrich
Published: December 2007

The CD4 count is the best surrogate marker for monitoring HIV. The reference method for assessing CD4 counts (flow cytometry, FCM), as expensive technique, is not widely used in non‐OECD countries. To make HIV‐monitoring available to more patients in these countries, we modified a commercially available density‐based negative selection assay (RosetteSep™) to make it applicable for low‐cost cell enumeration. For evaluation (Step 1), blood taken from 25 HIV patients and 29 healthy donors was assayed with the modified negative selection method (MNS) and compared with FCM. For validation (Step 2), this method was performed in blind quintuplicates on 12 HIV+ blood samples according to FDA guidelines. Association of MNS with the FCM is given by regression models for both steps: Step 1: slope = 1.091, intercept = −46.5. Step 2: slope = 1.074, intercept = −38.3 (Step 2). The imprecision of MNS assessed during Step 2 was 21.2% (intraserial) and 18.8% (interserial). The results suggest that MNS is capable of providing an approximate CD4 count. At a cost of 0.30, it is affordable to patients living in resource‐restrained areas. The technique has the potential to deliver an accurate, precise, low‐cost test to monitor HIV+ patients. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Total nucleated cell differential for blood and bone marrow using a single tube in a five‐color flow cytometer
Authors: Björnsson Sven , Wahlström Saga , Norström Eva , Bernevi Ingela , O'Neill Ulla , Johansson Eva , Runström Håkan , Simonsson Per
Published: December 2007

Background:

Flow cytometry allows the use of several antibodies in addition to light scatter, and most flow cytometers will provide at least seven measurements on each cell passing through the laser beam. A skilled microscopist will classify at least 14 cell classes in bone marrow or blood. Our goal was to use the seven parameters available in our flow cytometer to provide a reliable differential count using only one tube.

Methods:

Peripheral blood samples were analyzed on the Beckman Coulter LH750 cell counter, and the flagging and messages from the cell counter were used to select normal or pathological samples. Samples without flags (N = 50), with >2% erythroblasts (N = 80), or with “Blast” or “Verify diff” flags (N = 54) were investigated. We used a lyse‐no‐wash method to ensure minimal loss of fragile cells with live gating on DRAQ5‐positive cells to acquire only nucleated cells. The FL‐1 to FL‐4 channels were used for the antibodies CD36‐FITC, CD203‐PE, CD138‐PE, CD45‐ECD, CD16‐Pcy5, and CD56‐Pcy5. FL‐5 was used for the DNA‐stain DRAQ5.

Results:

Using live gate acquisition on DRAQ5, we were able to classify total nucleated cells into 10 classes. We were unable to identify megakaryocytes, but platelets could be studied by rerunning the sample after dilution and gating on DRAQ5‐negative CD36‐posive events. Validation against digitized microscopy and cell counter showed linear correlations within each cell class with correlation coefficients that seem reasonable for cellular classification. The lowest correlation was found for basophil granulocytes. Flow cytometry detected twice as many immature neutrophils compared to microscopy.

Conclusions:

We have designed a one‐tube immunophenotyping panel for classification of total nucleated cells and platelets in blood or bone marrow. The seven parameters available in one single tube in our cytometer seem to be enough for reliable differential count even in difficult pathological samples. The analytical imprecision of the flow cytometer differential was much lower than that obtained with microscopy or cell counter differentials. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society.
False‐positive interpretations in respiratory cytopathology: Exemplary cases and literature review
Authors: Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C. , Wick Mark R.
Published: December 2007

Pulmonary cytology has progressed over the past decades because of advancement in imaging studies and increased confidence of pathologists in cytomorphologic diagnosis. It has an overall sensitivity and specificity ranging from ∼60 to 96%. However, even with the most conscientious laboratories, false‐positive diagnoses of malignancy do occur in respiratory specimens, potentially resulting in unnecessary treatment and morbidity. Selected respiratory cytopathology cases with false‐positive diagnoses are presented here, along with a review of pertinent literature and a discussion of possible steps to minimize the problem being considered. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:13–19. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of WT‐1, p63, MOC31, mesothelin, and cytokeratin (K903 and CK5/6) immunostains in differentiating adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant mesothelioma in effusions
Authors: Pu Robert T. , Pang Yijun , Michael Claire W.
Published: December 2007

To distinguish carcinoma, either adenocarcinoma (ADC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and malignant mesothelioma (MM) in effusion can be a diagnostic challenge based on morphology alone. This study evaluates the utility of WT‐1, p63, MOC31, mesothelin, and cytokeratin (K903 and CK5/6) immunostains in effusions when ADC and SCC of the lung are in the differential diagnosis with MM. A cohort of 43 effusions consisting of lung ADC (N = 10), SCC (N = 15), and MM (N = 18, mostly (16) pleural based), was subjected to immunostains using the above mentioned antibodies. WT‐1 was positive in 100% MM, 0% ADC, and 0% SCC cases while p63 was positive in 0% MM, 30% ADC, and 80% SCC cases. Stain for MOC31 was positive in 100% ADC, 67% SCC, and 35% MM cases. Similarly, mesothelin antibody stained 100% ADC, 60% SCC, and 47% MM cases. Antibodies for K903 and CK5/6 stained 100% SCC cases but fewer ADC cases (40 and 10%, respectively). In conclusion, in this cohort of mostly pleural malignant effusion, MM can be identified with positive staining for WT‐1 and negative staining for p63. Conversely, negative staining with WT‐1 and positive staining for p63 exclude MM. Used as part of an immunostain panel, cytokeratin markers (CK5/6 and K903) are useful in differentiating SCC from ADC when MM is already excluded, and MOC31 might have limited value in differentiating ADC from MM. A negative stain with MOC31 can exclude lung ADC. Mesothelin, on the other hand, is not useful in the differential diagnosis of ADC, SCC, and MM. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:20–25. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paternally and maternally transmitted GAL4 transcripts contribute to UAS transgene expression in early Drosophila embryos
Authors: Tzortzopoulos Athanasios , Skoulakis Efthimios M.C.
Published: December 2007

The GAL4/UAS binary system with its recent modifications provides a powerful tool to study gene function in Drosophila enabling control over the timing, tissue specificity, and magnitude of gene expression. GAL4 expression during early embryonic stages has been well determined for certain driver lines, but for some of the commonly used in Drosophila research it is unknown, or partially determined. By monitoring the developmental kinetics of GAL4 expression and transgene transcription, we show that particular GAL4 drivers transiently direct ectopic expression of UAS‐linked transgenes at early stages of embryogenesis in a GAL4‐ dependent manner via a mechanism that involves parental transmission of Gal4 transcripts. genesis 45:737–743, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic analysis of attractin homologs
Authors: Walker Will P. , Aradhya Swaroop , Hu Che‐Lin , Shen Shiliang , Zhang Wei , Azarani Arezou , Lu XinYun , Barsh Gregory S. , Gunn Teresa M.
Published: December 2007

Attractin (ATRN) and Attractin‐like 1 (ATRNL1) are highly similar type I transmembrane proteins. Atrn null mutant mice have a pleiotropic phenotype including dark fur, juvenile‐onset spongiform neurodegeneration, hypomyelination, tremor, and reduced body weight and adiposity, implicating ATRN in numerous biological processes. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that Atrn and Atrnl1 arose from a common ancestral gene early in vertebrate evolution. To investigate the genetics of the ATRN system and explore potential redundancy between Atrn and Atrnl1, we generated and characterized Atrnl1 loss‐ and gain‐of‐function mutations in mice. Atrnl1 mutant mice were grossly normal with no alterations of pigmentation, central nervous system pathology or body weight. Atrn null mutant mice carrying a β‐actin promoter‐driven Atrnl1 transgene had normal, agouti‐banded hairs and significantly delayed onset of spongiform neurodegeneration, indicating that over‐expression of ATRNL1 compensates for loss of ATRN. Thus, the two genes are redundant from the perspective of gain‐of‐function but not loss‐of‐function mutations. genesis 45:744–756, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conditional tamoxifen Cre induced mutagenesis in the embryonic kidney in organ culture
Authors: Jokela Tiina , Vainio Seppo
Published: December 2007

Developmental control genes are often sequentially and repeatedly functional during embryogenesis, and for this reason conditional mutagenesis tools are often required to study their roles in detail. Cre recombinase fused to the modified estrogen hormone‐binding domain (ERTm) generates a Cre in which the recombination activity of the LoxP‐containing gene can be regulated by the nonsteroidal estrogen analogue 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (4OH‐TM). ERTm may provide a useful way of achieving conditional mutagenesis in conjunction with the classic organ culture methods of experimental embryology. We used embryonic kidneys separated from the Cre‐ERTm; R26R embryos to assay whether efficient 4OH‐TM‐inducible genomic recombination can be achieved in organ culture and in experimentally induced kidney mesenchymes. Our results indicate that the inducible ERTm Cre/loxP system indeed provides an effective way of conditionally mutagenizing genes in kidney organ culture and tissue conjugates. genesis 45:757–761, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of mice harboring a Sox4 conditional null allele
Authors: Penzo‐Méndez Alfredo , Dy Peter , Pallavi Bhattaram , Lefebvre Véronique
Published: December 2007

Sox4 belongs to the family of Sry‐related HMG box transcription factors, which specify cell fate and differentiation in many lineages. Sox4 is widely expressed in the embryo and controls such processes as neuronal tissue, lymphocyte, heart, and bone development. Sox4‐null mice die at embryonic day 14 from heart malformation. This early lethality has therefore limited studies on Sox4 functions. We show here that we have generated mice harboring a Sox4 conditional null allele (Sox4fl+) by flanking the entire coding region with loxP sites. Sox4fl+/fl+ mice are indistinguishable from wildtype mice and produce the wildtype Sox4 protein at a normal level. Sox4fl+ is efficiently converted into a null allele (Sox4fl−) by Cre recombinase in somatic and germ‐line cells, and Sox4fl−/fl− embryos die from the same heart defects as Sox4−/− mice. This Sox4 conditional null allele will thus be a valuable tool to further uncovering Sox4 functions in various processes in vivo. genesis 45:776–780, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of conditional knockout alleles for the gene encoding the regulator of telomere length (RTEL)
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Sandhu Sumit , Ding Hao
Published: December 2007

Regulator of telomere length (RTEL) is a DNA helicase‐like protein that has recently been demonstrated to be required for the maintenance of telomere length and genomic stability. Rtel null mice are embryonic lethal with the defects in the nervous system, the heart, the vasculature, and extra‐embryonic tissues. Rtel could also be important for the postnatal development as its expression is strongly induced in the proliferating adult cells. To further characterize the role of RTEL in adult tissue function and homeostasis, we have generated the floxed (loxP‐flanked) alleles allowing to inactivate RTEL through Cre‐mediated recombination in a cell‐ or tissue‐specific manner and also to circumvent the embryonic lethality of the Rtel null allele. Mice heterozygous or homozygous for these alleles are viable and fertile. Crossing the floxed Rtel allele with a ubiquitous Cre transgenic line resulted in embryonic defects identical to those previously described for the Rtel null embryos. These conditional alleles will therefore be the important genetic tools for dissecting the spatial and temporal roles of RTEL in the regulation of telomere length and genomic stability during postnatal development and tumorigenesis. genesis 45:788–792, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of (1S,4S)‐2,5‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and Their Evaluation as Potential Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Melgar‐Fernández Roberto , González‐Olvera Rodrigo , Olivares‐Romero J. Luis , González‐López Vianney , Romero‐Ponce Leticia , del Refugio Ramírez‐Zárate María , Demare Patricia , Regla Ignacio , Juaristi Eusebio
Published: December 2007

Thirty‐seven (most of them novel) chiral derivatives of (1S,4S)‐2,5‐diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (2–36, 38, 39) were prepared from (S)‐trans‐4‐hydroxyproline. A selection of these chiral ligands were examined as potential ligands in the preparation of catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes and as chiral Lewis acid activators in the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction. In the former system, diamine 30 induced up to 92 % enantiomeric excess in the formation of (S)‐phenyl ethyl carbinol, whereas in the case of the cycloaddition reaction between cyclopentadiene and 3‐acryloyloxazolidin‐2‐one the catalytic complex formed between dimeric derivative 8 and copper triflate [Cu(OTf)2] afforded the expected product in a 95:5 endo/exo ratio and up to 72 % ee for the major diastereomeric product. Finally, some of the novel chiral diamines prepared in this work were also evaluated as potential organocatalysts in the asymmetric amination of ethyl α‐phenyl‐α‐cyano acetate. Bifunctional derivative 12 provided the aminated product in excellent yield and with up to 40 % ee.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Quantitative structure–mobility relationship study of a diverse set of organic acids using classification and regression trees and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems
Authors: Jalali‐Heravi Mehdi , Shahbazikhah Parviz
Published: December 2007

A quantitative structure–mobility relationship was developed to accurately predict the electrophoretic mobility of organic acids. The absolute electrophoretic mobilities (μ0) of a diverse dataset consisting of 115 carboxylic and sulfonic acids were investigated. A set of 1195 zero‐ to three‐dimensional descriptors representing various structural characteristics was calculated for each molecule in the dataset. Classification and regression trees were successfully used as a descriptor selection method. Four descriptors were selected and used as inputs for adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system. The root mean square errors for the calibration and prediction sets are 1.61 and 2.27, respectively, compared with 3.60 and 3.93, obtained from a previous mechanistic model.
Electrophoretic field gradient focusing: An investigation of the experimental parameters
Authors: Tuñón Pilar González , Wang Yating , Myers Peter , Bartle Keith D. , Bowhill Larry , Ivory Cornelius F. , Ansell Richard J.
Published: December 2007

Electrophoretic field gradient focusing has been used to separate the two oxidation states of myoglobin (Mb), and to separate Mb from bromophenol blue (BPB). Polyacrylamide and Sephadex were shown to be suitable packing materials whilst silica led to band broadening with Mb. BPB and Mb could be simultaneously focused apart using either a fixed 21‐electrode setup or a dynamic 6‐electrode setup. Using a dynamic three‐electrode setup either analyte could be focused but not both simultaneously. It was shown that a higher ionic strength buffer in the separation channel compared to the coolant channel enhanced focusing between electrodes due to a conductivity gradient. Different running buffers were investigated and it was found that using a pH 8.6 buffer containing N,N,N‐tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and phosphate ions the oxidation states of Mb could be separated but the separation of Mb from BPB was not as good as would be hoped for. Using a pH 8.6 buffer containing Tris, N‐2‐hydroxyethylpiperazine‐N′‐3‐propanesulphonate and chloride ions as running buffer, BPB and Mb could be well separated but the two oxidation states of Mb merged.
Copper impregnated mesoporous activated carbon as a high efficient catalyst for the complete destruction of pathogens in water
Authors: Kennedy L. John , Kumar A. Ganesh , Ravindran B. , Sekaran G.
Published: December 2007

Copper impregnated mesoporous activated carbon catalyst was applied for the elimination of microorganisms in wastewater. The antibacterial activity of the catalyst was determined qualitatively by testing the removal of pathogens in water after contacting with the catalyst. Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, and Salmonella typhi were taken as the model pathogens in determining the antimicrobial activity of the catalyst. The catalyst developed for this purpose was thoroughly characterized using instrumental techniques such as BET analysis, X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope to determine the pore and surface area, structural phases, surface functional groups, and surface morphology respectively. The energy dispersive X‐ray analysis carried out confirmed qualitatively the percentage of copper impregnated in the catalyst. The experimental studies revealed that the catalyst was highly efficient and advantageous to be employed for industrial applications because of the nonleacheablity of copper from the catalyst and nonreoccurrence of the pathogens in the treated water. The transmission electron microscopy evidenced the complete cell wall rupture of the microorganisms. All the experimental results revealed that the copper impregnated mesoporous activated carbon exhibited a strong and long term antibacterial activity throughout the studies for repeated cycles. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008