bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing between Wheat Grains Infested by Four Fusarium Species by Measuring with a Low-Cost Electronic Nose
Authors: Borowik Piotr , Tkaczyk Miłosz , Pluta Przemysław , Okorski Adam , Stocki Marcin , Tarakowski Rafał , Oszako Tomasz
Published: July 2024

An electronic device based on the detection of volatile substances was developed in response to the need to distinguish between fungal infestations in food and was applied to wheat grains. The most common pathogens belong to the fungi of the genus Fusarium: F. avenaceum, F. langsethiae, F. poae, and F. sporotrichioides. The electronic nose prototype is a low-cost device based on commercially available TGS series sensors from Figaro Corp. Two types of gas sensors that respond to the perturbation are used to collect signals useful for discriminating between the samples under study. First, an electronic nose detects the transient response of the sensors to a change in operating conditions from clean air to the presence of the gas being measured. A simple gas chamber was used to create a sudden change in gas composition near the sensors. An inexpensive pneumatic system consisting of a pump and a carbon filter was used to supply the system with clean air. It was also used to clean the sensors between measurement cycles. The second function of the electronic nose is to detect the response of the sensor to temperature disturbances of the sensor heater in the presence of the gas to be measured. It has been shown that features extracted from the transient response of the sensor to perturbations by modulating the temperature of the sensor heater resulted in better classification performance than when the machine learning model was built from features extracted from the response of the sensor in the gas adsorption phase. By combining features from both phases of the sensor response, a further improvement in classification performance was achieved. The E-nose enabled the differentiation of F. poae from the other fungal species tested with excellent performance. The overall classification rate using the Support Vector Machine model reached 70 per cent between the four fungal categories tested.
Modelling of Safety Performance in Building Construction Projects Using System Dynamics Approach in Tanzania
Authors: Kajumulo Kamugisha , Matindana Juma , Mohamed Fatma
Published: July 2024

Issues in construction safety in Tanzania cast a long shadow, claiming lives and hindering project success. Understanding the complex dynamics at play is crucial for improving safety performance. This research aims to develop a system dynamics model to understand the factors influencing safety performance in building construction projects. Smart PLS was used to identify key variables using factor reduction, and 19 factors were determined as key factors to be used in this study from 143 variables from a questionnaire; then, STELLA was used to develop system dynamic modelling. A study was conducted on 255 building construction projects in five regions of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Arusha, Mwanza, and Mbeya, and later, the model was tested in one contractor’s company. By simulating the interactions between these diverse elements and their impact on accident rates, it was found that both safety performance and safety management processes for construction projects are not stagnant but are expected to rise at the beginning of the project and to grow steadily as the project execution approaches its end. The sensitivity analysis conducted on the system dynamics model found that the extent, frequency, and cost of incidences are positively correlated. This study contributes facts on the status of safety climate, a new definition of safety climate, and the integration of different analysis methods in evaluating safety performance in Tanzania.
Research on Environmental Kuznets Curve of Construction Waste Generation Based on China’s Provincial Data
Authors: Wang Buhan , Jia Renfu , Xu Jiahui , Wei Yi , Li Qiangsheng , Yao Yi , Zhu Xiaoxia , Xu Anqi , Zhang Jiaxin
Published: July 2024

The mounting volume of construction waste in China has been steadily rising over the years, yet has largely been overlooked. The environmental Kuznets curve offers a theoretical framework for understanding environmental management by illustrating the relationship between economic development and environmental degradation. This paper applies the environmental Kuznets curve concept to China’s construction waste generation, utilizing per capita construction waste and gross domestic product per capita as environmental and economic indicators, respectively. Panel data from 31 Chinese provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions spanning from 2000 to 2022 are analyzed. This study reveals an N-shaped relationship between per capita construction waste generation and gross domestic product per capita in China. Additionally, this paper employs the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology model to assess the factors influencing construction waste generation. In descending order of impact, these factors are the size of China’s secondary industry value added (19.34%), construction labor productivity (19.33%), gross domestic product per capita (18.54%), urbanization rate (17.77%), year-end resident population (17.22%), and the technical equipment rate of construction enterprises (8.83%). All these factors contribute positively to construction waste generation. These findings are pivotal in guiding efforts towards minimizing construction waste at its source and for the sustainable development of the construction industry.
A Change from Negative to Positive of Later Adoption Using the Innovation Decision Process to Imply Sustainability for HR Chatbots of Private Companies in Thailand
Authors: Jierasup Siwalak , Leelasantitham Adisorn
Published: July 2024

The current adoption of human resource (HR) chatbots has created problems within organizations, such as stilted conversational flow and a limited range of queries and responses. This paper presents an analysis of the factors affecting these issues by employing a new conceptual model. The instances of rejection and acceptance of an HR chatbot were analyzed in this study using the innovation decision process. A survey of 251 employees from private companies in Thailand was conducted, scrutinizing their experiences of using HR chatbots. Then, the innovation decision process was utilized to identify the critical factors that influenced the shift in attitude from rejection to acceptance. The survey identified three key findings affecting employees’ negative attitudes towards the HR chatbot, namely, hesitation concerning the perceived ease-of-use (HPEOU), word of mouth (WoM), and personal innovation (PI). Additionally, our research also revealed that the way people perceive the level of risk associated with using the HR chatbot directly affects their intention to reject. This highlighted the significance of organizational development for facilitating the re-engagement of employees with the HR chatbot, and specifically, a focus on the elements of people (PP), processes (PC), technology (TE), and policy (PL). This study demonstrated the advances in process development within an organization and its corresponding policies. The validation of HR chatbots was influenced by a distinct corporate vision. This study provides guidelines for the implementation of HR chatbots for employees in private corporations in Thailand. The findings can assist in enhancing operational performance and the subsequent adoption of HR chatbots, resulting in the sustainable development of an efficient acceptance evaluation model of change from negative to positive. This model uses the innovation decision process to foster the sustainability of HR chatbots in private companies in Thailand.
On the Nature of the Radio Calibrator and Gamma-Ray Emitting NLS1 Galaxy 3C 286 and Its Multiwavelength Variability
Authors: Komossa S. , Yao S. , Grupe D. , Kraus A.
Published: July 2024

The quasar 3C 286, a well-known calibrator source in radio astronomy, was found to exhibit exceptional multiwavelength properties. Its rich and complex optical emission-line spectrum revealed its narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) nature. Given its strong radio emission, this makes 3C 286 one of the radio-loudest NLS1 galaxies known to date. 3C 286 is also one of very few known compact steep-spectrum (CSS) sources detected in the gamma-ray regime. Observations in the X-ray regime, rarely carried out so far, revealed evidence for variability, raising the question whether it is driven by the accretion disk or jet. 3C 286 is also well known for its damped Lyman alpha system from an intervening absorber at z = 0.692, triggering a search for the corresponding X-ray absorption along the line-of-sight. Here, we present new observations in the radio, X-ray, optical, and UV bands. The nature of the X-ray variability is addressed. Spectral evidence suggests that it is primarily driven by the accretion disk (not the jet), and the X-ray spectrum is well fit by a powerlaw plus soft excess model. The radio flux density and polarization remain constant at the Effelsberg telescope resolution, reconfirming the use of 3C 286 as radio calibrator. The amount of reddening/absorption along the line-of-sight intrinsic to 3C 286 is rigorously assessed. None is found, validating the derivation of a high Eddington ratio (L/LEdd ∼ 1) and of the very high radio-loudness index of 3C 286. Based on the first deep Chandra image of 3C 286, tentative evidence for hard X-ray emission from the SW radio lobe is reported. A large variety of models for the gamma-ray emission of 3C 286 are briefly discussed.
Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Serologic Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination among Heavy Industry Workers
Authors: Kim Si-Ho , Chae Chang-Ho
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has decreased the overall incidence of HBV infection; however, approximately 5 to 10% of people are non-responders to the vaccination. This study investigated the factors associated with non-response to HBV vaccination, with an emphasis on vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Methods. This retrospective observational study focused on adult workers in a single heavy industry. Individuals with negative initial hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels prior to vaccination and who then received a two- or three-dose series of HBV vaccinations were enrolled. The study endpoint was failure to achieve a seroprotective antibody response, defined as an anti-HBs titer less than 10 mIU/mL. Propensity score matching (PSM) and binary logistic regression models were used to adjust the outcomes for other clinical characteristics. Results. Among 760 workers, 566 (74.5%) exhibited VDD. The non-response rates to HBV vaccination were 13.4% (76/566) and 5.7% (11/194) among workers with and without VDD, respectively (p = 0.005). Even after adjustment using PSM, VDD was still associated with a higher rate of response failure (adjusted odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval 1.40–5.38, p = 0.003). The binary logistic regression model showed that VDD, older age, omission of the third vaccine dose, lower initial anti-HBs titer, and current smoking were associated with response failure. Conclusions. Our study suggests that VDD may impair the serologic response following HBV vaccination. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in increasing the response to HBV vaccination.
Evaluation of the Humoral Response after Immunization with a Chimeric Subunit Vaccine against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Pregnant Sows and Their Offspring
Authors: Vidal Roberto M. , Montero David A. , Bentancor Adriana , Arellano Carolina , Alvarez Alhejandra , Cundon Cecilia , Blanco Crivelli Ximena , Del Canto Felipe , Salazar Juan C. , Oñate Angel A.
Published: July 2024

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) poses a significant public health risk due to its zoonotic potential and association with severe human diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Ruminants are recognized as primary reservoirs for STEC, but swine also contribute to the epidemiology of this pathogen, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies across species. Notably, a subgroup of STEC that produces Shiga toxin type 2e (Stx2e) causes edema disease (ED) in newborn piglets, economically affecting pig production. This study evaluates the immunogenicity of a chimeric protein-based vaccine candidate against STEC in pregnant sows and the subsequent transfer of immunity to their offspring. This vaccine candidate, which includes chimeric proteins displaying selected epitopes from the proteins Cah, OmpT, and Hes, was previously proven to be immunogenic in pregnant cows. Our analysis revealed a broad diversity of STEC serotypes within swine populations, with the cah and ompT genes being prevalent, validating them as suitable antigens for vaccine development. Although the hes gene was detected less frequently, the presence of at least one of these three genes in a significant proportion of STEC suggests the potential of this vaccine to target a wide range of strains. The vaccination of pregnant sows led to an increase in specific IgG and IgA antibodies against the chimeric proteins, indicating successful immunization. Additionally, our results demonstrated the effective passive transfer of maternal antibodies to piglets, providing them with immediate, albeit temporary, humoral immunity against STEC. These humoral responses demonstrate the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate and are preliminary indicators of its potential efficacy. However, further research is needed to conclusively evaluate its impact on STEC colonization and shedding. This study highlights the potential of maternal vaccination to protect piglets from ED and contributes to the development of vaccination strategies to reduce the prevalence of STEC in various animal reservoirs.
Influenza Vaccination Mediates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Peptide-Induced Inflammatory Response via Modification of Histone Acetylation
Authors: Zuo Zejie , Mu Yating , Qi Fangfang , Zhang Hongyang , Li Zhihui , Zhou Tuo , Guo Wenhai , Guo Kaihua , Hu Xiquan , Yao Zhibin
Published: July 2024

The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain rapidly wanes over time. Growing evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that influenza vaccination is associated with a reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigate the cross-reactive immune responses of influenza vaccination to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides based on in vitro study. Our data indicate enhanced activation-induced-marker (AIM) expression on CD4+ T cells in influenza-vaccination (IV)-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation with spike-protein-peptide pools. The fractions of other immune cell subtypes, including CD8+ T cells, monocytes, NK cells, and antigen-presenting cells, were not changed between IV-treated and control PBMCs following ex vivo spike-protein-peptide stimulation. However, the classical antiviral (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1RA) cytokine responses to spike-protein-peptide stimulation were still enhanced in PBMCs from both IV-immunized adult and aged mice. Decreased expression of proinflammatory IL-1β, IL-12p40, and TNF-α is associated with inhibited levels of histone acetylation in PBMCs from IV-treated mice. Remarkably, prior immunity to SARS-CoV-2 does not result in modification of histone acetylation or hemagglutinin-protein-induced cytokine responses. This response is antibody-independent but can be mediated by manipulating the histone acetylation of PBMCs. These data experimentally support that influenza vaccination could induce modification of histone acetylation in immune cells and reveal the existence of potential cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, which may provide insights for the adjuvant of influenza vaccine to limit COVID-19-related inflammatory responses.
Immunogenicity of the Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5-Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine against XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, and JN.1 Sublineages: A Phase 2/3 Trial
Authors: Gayed Juleen , Bangad Vishva , Xu Xia , Mensa Federico , Cutler Mark , Türeci Özlem , Şahin Uǧur , Modjarrad Kayvon , Swanson Kena A. , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Gurtman Alejandra , Kitchin Nicholas
Published: July 2024

We report neutralization titer data against contemporary SARS-CoV-2 sublineages from an ongoing, phase 2/3, open-label, clinical trial of a single dose (30 μg) of an Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted BNT162b2 monovalent mRNA vaccine. The trial included healthy participants who had received at least three previous doses of an mRNA vaccine authorized in the United States, with the most recent authorized vaccine dose being a bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted vaccine given at least 150 days before the study vaccination. In this analysis, Omicron XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, and JN.1 serum neutralizing titers were assessed at baseline and at 1 month after vaccination. Analyses were conducted in a subset of participants who were at least 18 years of age (N = 40) and who had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunogenicity was also evaluated in a group of participants who received bivalent BA.4/BA.5-adapted BNT162b2 in another study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05472038) and who were matched demographically to the participants in the current trial. In this analysis, monovalent XBB.1.5-adapted BNT162b2 vaccine elicited higher XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, and JN.1 neutralizing titers than those elicited by bivalent BA.4/BA.5-adapted BNT162b2. Overall geometric mean fold rises in neutralizing titers from baseline to 1 month after vaccination were higher among participants who received XBB.1.5-adapted BNT162b2 than those who received bivalent BA.4/BA.5-adapted BNT162b2 for XBB.1.5 (7.6 vs. 5.6), slightly higher for JN.1 (3.9 vs. 3.5), and similar for BA.2.86 (4.8 vs. 4.9). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05997290.
Arenavirus-Based Vectors Generate Robust SIV Immunity in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Bekerman Elena , Truong Hoa , Lee Johnny , Gamez-Guerrero Maria , Boopathy Archana , Mital Rohit , Huang Katell Bidet , Ahmadi-Erber Sarah , Wimmer Raphaela , Schulha Sophie , Lauterbach Henning , Orlinger Klaus , Suthram Silpa , Lewis Mark G. , Blair Wade , Makadzange Tariro , Geleziunas Romas , Murry Jeffrey P. , Schmidt Sarah
Published: July 2024

Arenavirus-based vectors are being investigated as therapeutic vaccine candidates with the potential to elicit robust CD8 T-cell responses. We compared the immunogenicity of replicating (artPICV and artLCMV) and non-replicating (rPICV and rLCMV) arenavirus-based vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag and Envelope (Env) immunogens in treatment-naïve non-human primates. Heterologous regimens with non-replicating and replicating vectors elicited more robust SIV IFN-γ responses than a homologous regimen, and replicating vectors elicited significantly higher cellular immunogenicity than non-replicating vectors. The heterologous regimen elicited high anti-Env antibody titers when administered intravenously, with replicating vectors inducing significantly higher titers than non-replicating vectors. Intramuscular immunization resulted in more durable antibody responses than intravenous immunization for both vector platforms, with no difference between the replicating and non-replicating vectors. Overall, both replicating and non-replicating arenavirus vectors generated robust T- and B-cell-mediated immunity to SIV antigens in treatment-naïve non-human primates, supporting further evaluation of these vectors in a clinical setting for HIV therapy.
The Reproduction Number of Swine Viral Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pittman Ratterree Dana C. , Chitlapilly Dass Sapna , Ndeffo-Mbah Martial L.
Published: July 2024

Diseases in the swine industry can cause significant economic and health impacts. This review examines R0 estimates for respiratory diseases in pigs, assessing variations and comparing transmission risks within and between farms. A literature search of three databases aggregated peer-reviewed research articles on swine viral respiratory diseases’ R0 values. The study focused on seven diseases: Aujeszky’s disease (AD), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Circovirus, Influenza A (IA), Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EV), Classical Swine Fever (CSF), and African Swine Fever (ASF). R0 values were estimated for transmission within and between herds/farms using various methods, from complex mathematical models to simple calculations. Data primarily came from disease surveillance and laboratory experiments. The median R0 for within-herd and between-herd transmission was 10 and 3.31 for AD, 2.78 and 1.14 for PRRSV, 5.9 and 0.89 for Circovirus, 1.75 and 1.6 for CSF, and 3.94 and 3.15 for ASF. For IA and EV, only within-herd R0 values were estimated at 8.65 and 1.3, respectively. Diseases with high R0 values highlight the need for prompt detection and response to outbreaks. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of pathogen transmissibility are crucial for enhancing disease surveillance and reducing the impact of livestock diseases.
Analysis of an Academic Medical Center’s Corrective Action Plan in Response to Fatal Medication Error Using the Institute for Safe Medication Practices’ Hierarchy of Effectiveness
Authors: Stolte Aubrey R , Siwy Yasmin M , Tanios Sarah B , Degnan Daniel D
Published: July 2024

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are high-alert medications that require special handling, necessitating a robust process that prevents medication error, identifies near misses, and ultimately protects patients from harm. One patient at a large academic medical center (AMC) was given vecuronium, a neuromuscular blocking agent, instead of midazolam, and died as a result. Thus, AMC was tasked by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to make a list of actions to prevent a subsequent incident. When assessing AMC’s corrective action plan in comparison to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices’ hierarchy of effectiveness of risk-reduction strategies, it was revealed that 76% of strategies were of low leverage, 16% were of medium leverage, and 8% were of high leverage. In this context, AMC’s corrective action plan should have integrated more system-based interventions, which include medium- or high-leverage strategies, rather than relying heavily on initiatives dependent on human action. Despite the lack of these systemic tools, CMS granted approval for the plan. Overlooking these systemic tools may amplify patient harm and negatively impact workforce satisfaction and efficiency. Moreover, the absence of a “just culture” also plays a role in patient harm. Therefore, recognizing that medication errors in healthcare are predominantly attributed to human error highlights the importance of fostering a just culture that advocates for system accountability to enhance patient safety.
Análise de dados de ordens de serviço de manutenção através de ferramentas baseadas na confiabilidade: um estudo de caso com empilhadeiras
Authors: Souza Maicon Rafael Melo de , Silva Leandro Cardoso da , Bisneto Manuel Patrício da Silva , Cardoso Edgard Gonçalves
Published: July 2024

Este estudo analisa a eficácia das ferramentas de confiabilidade na gestão de manutenções de empilhadeiras em microempresas. Foi empregada a Análise de Modos de Falha e Efeitos (FMEA) para identificar causas raízes de falhas e propor ações que reduzam paradas não planejadas dos equipamentos objeto de estudo neste trabalho. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de revisão do plano de manutenção existente, sugerindo melhorias que possam aprimorar a confiabilidade das operações. Este estudo confirma que uma abordagem sistemática na análise de dados de manutenção pode substancialmente aumentar a eficiência operacional em ambientes de produção de pequena escala.
Produtividade de cultivares de soja em Campo Grande-MS
Authors: Bazzo Emanuella Grubert , Benites Isabel D’Emílio , Ferrari Neto Jayme
Published: July 2024

A soja constitui um dos produtos da maior relevância para a economia brasileira e possivelmente uma das culturas que apresentaram crescimentos mais expressivos no cultivo e no segmento agroindustrial na segunda metade do século XX no Brasil. A avaliação de desempenho consiste em um dos pontos chaves na recomendação de cultivares para determinada região. Esse fato é justificado à medida que os materiais genéticos mais adaptados apresentam melhor desenvolvimento e, consequentemente, maior produtividade. O presente ensaio comparativo teve como objetivo geral avaliar os componentes da produção e a produtividade das cultivares de soja TMG2165, ST631 I2X e ATTO DM69ix69 em Campo Grande- MS, para isso utilizou- se de 4 repetições de cada cultivar para o estudo. Através dos dados estatísticos não houve variações significativas no número de vagens por planta, apresentou consistência na quantidade de grãos por vagem e possui pouca variação entre os tratamentos avaliados.
Rulings pertaining to the Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Scholarly Research
Authors: Alobied Alaa Adel
Published: July 2024

The concept of this study is centred around clarifying the rulings pertaining to the utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in scholarly research, while the importance of this study lies in the significance of both scholarly research and artificial intelligence (AI), and contributes towards enriching the corpus of Islamic jurisprudence, while clarifying contemporary matters and recurrent inquiries along with the rulings of Islamic jurisprudence related to them. The problem of the study is embodied in the extent to which utilising (AI) applications in scholarly research is permissible, and identifying what the guidelines in Islamic jurisprudence that ensure the sound utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) in scholarly research. This study aims to clarify the extent to which utilising (AI) applications in scholarly research is permissible and clarifying the role of Islamic jurisprudence in regulating and supporting the procedures of utilising artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the field of scholarly research. The nature of this study necessitated following the descriptive, analytical methodological approach. This study reached to include: By default according to Islamic law (Sharīˁah) it is permissible to utilise (AI) in scholarly research, as long as the scriptural rulings and restrictions are adhered to. The study also clarified that is not permissible to utilise (AI) applications to compose the body text of the study on behalf of the researcher while attributing it to the researcher, whereas it is allowed to utilise (AI) applications to complement scholarly research. The researcher of this paper holds the view that it is vital to combine between the technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) and human effort in scholarly research.
NIR-Triggered Release of Nitric Oxide by Upconversion-Based Nanoplatforms to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoporosis Therapy
Authors: Ma Xulu , Luan Zhao , Zhao Qingxin , Yang Anli , Li Jinming
Published: July 2024

Stem cell therapy is an attractive approach to bone tissue regeneration in osteoporosis (OP); however, poor cell engraftment and survival within injured tissues limits its success in clinical settings. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes, with emerging evidence supporting its diverse roles in modulating stem cell behavior, including survival, migration, and osteogenic differentiation. To control and enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for OP therapy, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered NO-releasing nanoplatform based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that converts 808-nm NIR light into visible light, stimulating NO release by light control. We demonstrate that the UCNP nanoplatforms can encapsulate a light-sensitive NO precursor, Roussin’s black salt (RBS), through the implementation of a surface mesoporous silica coating. Upon exposure to 808-nm irradiation, NO is triggered by the controlled upconversion of UCNP visible light at the desired time and location. This controlled release mechanism facilitates photoregulated differentiation of MSCs toward osteogenic lineage and avoids thermal effects and phototoxicity on cells, thus offering potential therapeutic applications for treating OP in vivo. Following the induction of osteogenic differentiation, the UCNP nanoplatforms exhibit the capability to serve as nanoprobes for the real-time detection of differentiation through enzymatic digestion and fluorescence recovery of UCNPs, enabling assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of OP treatment. Consequently, these UCNP-based nanoplatforms present a novel approach to control and enhance osteogenic differentiation of MSCs for OP therapy, simultaneously detecting osteogenic differentiation for evaluating treatment effectiveness.
Valency of verbs in sentential advertising slogans
Authors: Bojo Peter , Lančarič Daniel
Published: July 2024

This article outlines structural patterns of advertising slogans. The earlier-introduced fundamentals are briefly presented, and the new principles, the slogan's length and its imperative content serving as a powerful directive tool are investigated. We verify the assumption that, due to the minimum effort in the cognitive processing of slogans, a great deal of slogan writing will be governed by monovalent and divalent imperative structures, whereas the more complex structures (trivalent and quadrivalent ones) will be of niche occurrence.
EL FUTURO DEL FITOMEJORAMIENTO EN EL DESARROLLO AGRICOLA
Authors: Francis Charles A.
Published: July 2024

"Ha fallecido más gente como consecuencia de la desnutrición en los últimos mil años que en todas las guerras". Así habló el Dr. Clif­ton wharton en mayo de este año, quien entre otros datos importantes mencionó los siguientes: "Actualmente, una de cada ocho personas en el mundo sufre continuamente de hambre ... Dieciseis por ciento de los ni­ños del mundo están desnutridos ... La producción de alimentos en paí­ses en vía de desarrollo sólo satisface el 87% de la demanda; es posi­ble una reducción al 74% antes del año 2000 ... Seiscientos millones de habitantes viven con menos de US $50.00 de ingreso por año".
EVALUACION DE VARIEDADES TROPICALES DE MAIZ DE PLANTA BAJA EN EL ESTADO DE VERACRUZ
Authors: Alcázar Andrade José de Jesús , Sierra Macias Mauro
Published: July 2024

Para determinar la adaptabilidad de variedades experimentales de maíz desarrolladas para el trópico húmedo, en el ciclo invierno-primave­ra de 1979/1980 se sembraron 8 ensayos uniformes de variedades de planta baja en diferentes ambientes del estado de Veracruz. El diseño utiliza­do fue bloques al azar con 10 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, y en la discriminación de variedades se siguió la metodología propuesta por Eberhart y Russell en 1966. Se encontró que el híbrido experimental de cruza simple HEV-2 superó estadísticamente en rendimiento a las demás variedades al nivel de significancia del 1%; de acuerdo a la clasificación de Car­ballo de 1970 las variedades estables fueron HEV-2, Cotaxtla XVI, Cotlaxtla XVIII 1er. CSMV, Tuxpeño ciclo 17, Cotlaxtla XVII y un híbrido de una compañía particular; el híbrido de cruza doble H-509 y el CMB-10 respondieron mejor en ambientes favorables y fueron consistentes; las variedades V-524 y CMB-9 respondieron mejor en ambientes desfavorables y fue­ron consistentes. La cruza simple denominada HEV-2 presentó el mayor rendimiento y estabilidad lo que normalmente no es de esperar en una cruza simple; las demás variedades que resultaron estables fueron de polinización libre a excepción del híbrido de una compañía particular.
CARACTERIZACION DE PLANTAS DE 19 ESPECIES DE MANZANO (Malus spp) DE POLINIZACION LIBRE INTRODUCIDAS DE POLONIA POR SU DESARROLLO VEGETATIVO E INCIDENCIA DE CENICILLA (Podosphaera leucotrieha)
Authors: Barrera Guerra José Luis , Borys Michal W. , Orozco Tinoco Rubén , López Jiménez Alfredo
Published: July 2024

Luego de estratificarse por tres meses, las semillas de 19 especies de manzano introducidas de Polonia, presentaron una va­riación en la germinación de 1.27% (M. arnoldiana) a 72.41% (M. baccata var. sibirica). Después de 6 meses de transplantadas el crecimiento de las plantas fluctuó desde 6.4 cm (en M. sie­boldii var. colocarpa) hasta 39.5 cm (en M. purpurea). Las ho­jas diferentes en forma y tamaño entre una misma especie, se formaron desde 7 hasta 48 por planta, presentando coloración de verde y/o púrpura. Al final del invierno de 1980-1981, la caí­da de las hojas fue heterogénea, mientras que algunas especies mantuvieron gran parte de su follaje (M. arnoldiana, M. baccata y M. baccata fructus  lutea), en otras la defoliación casi era completa (M. prunifolia, M. prunifolia var. sicona y M. rajek). Asimismo al inicio de la primavera la brotación de las plantas varió de O (en M. floribunda) a 72% (en M. baccata var. sibirica).
Por otro lado, el ataque de cenicilla en las plantas también fue muy variable. El hongo se presentó en el semillero en algu­nos individuos desde los 45 días. Después de 6 meses y de apli­car diferentes fungicidas, hubo especies que presentaron 100% de ataque por esta enfermedad (M. floribunda var. arnoldiana, M. prunifolia var. sicona A., M. purpurea y M. silvestre cv. Anto­novka) mientras que hubo especies con 0 y 41% de ataque (M. anrnoldiana y M. robusta USA respectivamente).
DIFERENCIACI0N FLORAL EN ESPECIES FRUTALES PERENNES
Authors: Pimienta Barrios Eulogio
Published: July 2024

El conocimiento de las fechas en que empieza y ocurre el proceso de la diferenciación floral, constituye una información valiosa para definir la época adecuada para la aplicación de algunas prácticas de manejo (rie­go, poda, fertilización, aplicación de reguladores de crecimiento, etc.). Sin embargo, a pesar de la importancia que reviste el conocimiento del tiempo en que ocurre este evento del ciclo reproductivo, es relativamente reducido el número de investigaciones relacionadas con la diferenciación floral en especies frutales perennes (Mullins, 1979); además, se observa que la mayoría de la información disponible se ha generado en frutales ca­ducifolios que se desarrollan en clima templado y solamente en forma ais­lada se mencionan estudios de diferenciación floral en especies frutales creciendo en climas subtropicales y tropicales (Jackson y Sweet, 1972).
EVALUACION DE VARIEDADES DE CACAHUATE DE HABITO DE CRECIMIENTO RASTRERO Y ERECTO BAJO CONDICIONES DE TEMPORAL EN POLOLCINGO, GRO.
Authors: Sedano-Salgado Mariano , Barrales-Domínguez Sergio , Sánchez-Domínguez Samuel
Published: July 2024

En la región de Pololcingo, Gro. el cultivo del cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.) es importante, y hasta 1983 solamente se sembraban variedades criollas de hábito rastrero. Sin embargo, existen antecedentes de que las variedades de hábito de crecimiento erecto pueden adaptarse a esa región y competir favorablemente con las de hábito rastrero, por lo que en 1983 se estableció un experimento con objeto de evaluar el rendimiento y otras características agronómicas de 8 variedades del primer tipo de hábito y 12 del segundo, bajo condiciones de temporal. Los resultados indicaron que el rendimiento promedio de las variedades erectas fue superior al de las rastreras (3401 vs. 1948 kg/ha), aunque el promedio del número de frutos por planta de las primeras fue inferior al de las segundas (32 vs. 50). Se detectaron diferencias entre variedades dentro del mismo grupo para la mayoría de las variables analizadas. Las variedades erectas de mayor rendimiento fueron Florida, NC-5, Bachimba-74 y Virginia. Por otro lado, Morelos-1, RCM-1392, H-529-R-1-1-1-5 y Guanajuato 1 fueron las variedades rastreras de mayor producción, las que superaron a la variedad criolla local de igual tipo de hábito.
INFLUENCIA DEL FOSFORO EN EL RENDIMIENTO Y ACUMULACION DE MICRONUTRIMENTOS EN MAIZ
Authors: Acosta Sánchez Raymundo
Published: July 2024

En México no se han estudiado suficientemente las relaciones entre fertilizantes mayores aplica­dos al suelo y la absorción de micronutrimentos por la planta. El presente trabajo resume la experien­cia de cuatro experimentos (dos en Jalisco, uno en Michoacán y otro en Nayarit), en los que se evaluo el efecto de tres niveles de fósforo aplicado al suelo, sobre el rendimiento y acumulación de micro­ nutrimentos de diferentes genotipos de maíz (Zea mays L.). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que hubo ganancias en el rendimiento de maíz al aplicar fósforo en dos de los ambientes, y que por lo gene­ral, la concentración de Cu, Fe, Mn y Zn en las plantas disminuyó conforme se aumentó la dosis de fósforo aplicado al suelo.
LA IMPORTANCIA DEL RIEGO EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE SOYA EN EL VALLE DEL FUERTE
Authors: Acosta Sánchez Raymundo
Published: July 2024

El norte de Sinaloa es una zona privilegiada en cuanto a la disponibilidad de agua. En esta region la aplicación del primer riego de auxilio en la soya (Glycine max L. Merr) se hace con frecuencia muy temprano, lo que en ocasiones provoca amarillamientos, originando disminución en el crecimiento y el rendi­miento. En el presente trabajo se analiza la infor­mación de varios estudios sobre el manejo del agua en el cultivo de soya. Los aspectos estudiados fue­ron: a) La importancia de la fecha del primer riego de auxilio en verano e invierno y b) Formas y épocas de aplicación del agua de riego (tres años, 1980-82) Los resultados indican que puede ahorrarse agua has­ta en un 50% sin que se afecte el rendimiento.
RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DE FIBRA EN VARIEDADES ANTIGUAS Y MODERNAS DE ALGODON
Authors: Palomo-Gil Arturo
Published: July 2024

En el mejoramiento genético del algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.) el principal criterio de selección ha sido el rendimiento de algodón, en hueso y pluma, desconociéndose el impacto que dicho criterio ha tenido en la precocidad, componentes del rendimiento y calidad de fibra. Con tal propósito se estableció un experimento en el Campo Experimental de La Laguna, Coah., en el año de 1986, en el que se evaluaron seis variedades tipo Deltapine liberadas en diferentes épocas. Se empleó un diseño debloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los mayores rendimiento de algodón hueso y algodón pluma fueron obtenidos por las variedades Deltapine 90, Deltapine 16 y Deltapine 80, de más reciente liberación, las cuales superaron en 37, 30 y 15%, respectivamente, al rendimiento obtenido por la variedad más antigua (Deltapine 15-A). El rendimiento total de algodón hueso estuvo asociado positivamente con rendimiento de algodón hueso en la primera cosecha, número de bellotas por unidad desuperficie y finura de fibra. Los valores de correlación entre rendimiento de algodón hueso con porcentaje de fibra, índice de semilla, número de semillas por bellota y longitud y resistencia de fibra, fueron bajos y no significativos.
H-135 HIBRIDO TRILINEAL DE MAIZ DE RIEGO RECOMENDADO PARA ALTITUDES DE 1700 A 2200 METROS
Authors: Espinosa-Calderón Alejandro , Carballo-Carballo Aquiles
Published: July 2024

El H-135 es un híbrido cuya hembra es una cruza simple formada por dos lineas originadas en El Bajio y cuyo progenitor masculino es la linea Hgo. 10-3 que pertenece a la Raza Chalqueño. Las lÍneas de la cruza simple (H~353-245-6-10 x H-353-363-7-2) fueron seleccionadas por su resistencia al carbón de la espiga (Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kuehn) Clinton). La linea H-353-245-6-10 tieneuna productividad de semilla "Buena" de 3878 kg/ha; altura de planta, 224 cm; altura de mazorca, 114 cm; floración masculina, 93 dias y femenina 96 dias. La linea H-353-363-7-2 tiene un rendimiento inferior a 2000 kg/ha, presenta protandria y florece 10 días antes que la linea hembra de la cruza simple. La linea Hgo. 10-3 rinde 2600 kg/ha de semilla, tiene altura de planta de 223 cm y de mazorca de 108 cm. Cuando se incrementa semilla certificada del híbrido H-135 en El Bajio, la cruza simple hembra coincide en floración con la línea macho, lo cual ocurre a los 83 días, aproximadamente.El hibrido H-135 tiene un rendimiento experimental máximo de 17 ton/ha y un promedio comercial de 9.1 ton/ha. La floración masculina ocurre de 77 a 102 días y la floración femenina de 83 a 107 días, dependiendo de la altitud a la que se establezca el cultivo. La altura de planta va de 220 a 279 cm y la mazorca de 118 a 158 cm. Presenta mazorcas de 18 a 28.5 cm de largo y 5.1 a 6.0 cm dediámetro: con 15 a 22 hileras por mazorca y 31 a 45 granos por hilera. El grano es dentado y de color blanco. Cuando se cultiva en altitudes superiores a 1900 msnm y se presentan bajas temperaturas, el pericarpio de algunas mazorcas presenta una tonalidad ligeramente violácea.El hibrido H-135 sustituye al H-133 retirado del mercado por su susceptibilidad al carbón de la espiga; el H-135 es de porte un poco más bajo que H-133, pero lo supera en 11.3% de rendimiento promedio a nivel nacional. En terrenos infestados con carbón de la espiga en Zapopan, Jal., el H-135 ha presentado 2.35% •de incidencia de esta enfermedad en comparación con 7.08% del H-311. Al aplicar los par´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´ámetros de estabilidad, el H-135 fue clasificado como de "Respuesta mejor en buenos ambientes pero inconsistente". Cuando el H-135 se cultiva en alturas superiores a 2100 msnm, presenta incidencia de roya (Puccinia sp). La semilla certificada de más alta calidad física, genética y fisiológica se obtiene en localidades de El Bajío, donde se pueden esperar rendimientos superiores a 6.0 ton/ha de semilla; es decir, es un híbrido altamente redituable en la producción de semilla. A partir de 1987, fue registrado en el Registro Nacional de Variedades de Plantas con el namero MAZ- 180886-113.
RELACION ENTRE EL CLIMA Y EL RENDIMIENTO DE MAIZ DE TEMPORAL EN ZACATECAS
Authors: Luna-Flores Maximino , Gutiérrez-Sánchez José Ricardo
Published: July 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la forma en que tres elementos del clima influyen en el rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) de temporal en Zacatecas. Se usaron datos promedio de rendimiento, superficies sembradas y cosehadas de los distritos dedesarrollo rural del estado de Zacatecas, de 1980 a 1986; esta información se correlacionó, por distrito y a nivel estatal con datos mensuales de precipitación, temperatura y evaporación en el ciclo de cultivo del maíz. Estos datos se obtuvieron de estacionesclimatológicas representativas de cada distrito. Se observó que los rendimientos unitarios de maíz son afectados negativamente tanto por la escasa precipitación, como por las bajas temperaturas registradas en el estado. Las pérdidas de superficie desiembra son mayores cuando llueve menos. La evaporación influye a la inversa que la precipitación. En general; la precipitación de septiembre y octubre afectó positivamente el rendimiento de maíz. Los distritos de desarrollo rural de Zacatecas con mejores condiciones climáticas para el cultivo de maíz son Jalpa, Río Grande y Jerez.
LA INVESTIGACION FISIOTECNICA EN EL AREA DE RESISTENCIA A SEQUIA DEL CENTRO DE GENETICA DEL COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS
Authors: Muñoz-Orozco Abel
Published: July 2024

La resistencia a sequía no sólo es importante para el 80% de la superficie cultivada bajo temporal en México, y para el 75% a nivel mundial, sino también lo es en las regiones irrigadas donde es factible reducir el riego en las etapas ontogénicas menos sensibles a los déficits hídricos. Por estas razones, el Centro de Genética ha impulsado el área de investigación en resistencia a sequía, en conexión con la Genética y la Genotecnia Vegetal, desde su establecimiento formal en febrero de 1976. Debe señalarse que las raíces de esta área se remontan a la década de los 60's cuando se hicieron los estudios de tolerancia a marchitez permanente en maíz (Zea mays) L. (44, 56, 57), mismos que fueron reanudados hasta el inicio de la década de los 70's (17, 45).
MEJORAMIENTO GENETICO DEL MAIZ Y LA FISIOTECNIA VEGETAL
Authors: Márquez-Sánchez Fidel
Published: July 2024

La Fisiotecnia Vegetal, se entiende ahora como la aplicación de la fisiología, anatomía, morfología y arquitectura de las plantas cultivadas; ello en parte siempre ha sido inherente a los programas de mejoramiento genético del maíz (Zea mays L.), pero en gran parte todavía representa un uso potencial. La porción inherente ha consistido en tomar en cuenta las características agronómicas rutinarias al seleccionar las plantas, además del rendimiento. Tales caracteres regularmente son: dí as a floración, días a cosecha, días a madurez fisiológica (ocasionalmente), altura de planta, resistencia al acame y enfermedades, y algunas características de mazorca y grano. Debe enfatizarse que, sin embargo, estas características no siempre se toman en cuenta desde el principio del proceso de selección, sino más bien en las últimas etapas, cuando al tenerse varios genotipos con rendimientos significativamente iguales, se echa mano de ellas para decidir cuáles serán los finalmente seleccionados. Por otra parte, tales características agronómicas se consideran después del rendimiento, por lo que rara vez la selección va dirigida ex-profeso a alguna o algunas de ellas, siendo la excepción, tal vez, la resistencia a la sequía.A continuación, se hará referencia al uso potencial, que puede tener la Fisiotecnia en la Genotecnia del maíz. Se partirá de la idea de que el genotecnista tendrá algún conocimiento de aquélla, o que ambos, genotecnista y fisiotecnista, podrán trabajar conjuntamente. Sin pretender hacer un recuento exhaustivo, se expondrá lo que se cree pertinente al respecto.
EL PAPEL DE LA BIOQUIMICA EN LAS CIENCIAS AGRICOLAS DEL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Ortega-Delgado Ma. Luisa
Published: July 2024

En los últimos 30 años el Colegio de Postgraduados ha desempeñado un papel muy importante en la formación de recursoshumanos, con amplia información sobre las ciencias agropecuarias y su aplicación en diversas áreas del país, incluyendo aquéllascon urgente necesidad de desarrollo. Las ciencias fisiológico-bioquímicas han recibido un considerable impulso en diversos Centros del Colegio de Postgraduados, principalmente los que forman, de una manera interdisciplinaria, el Programa de Fisiología Vegetal. Este Programa ha tenido una amplia aceptación entre los estudiantes, algunos de los cuales provienen del cuerpo académico de la institución en búsqueda del grado doctoral. Los estrechos nexos entre la Fisiología, la Fisiotecnia y el Fitomejoramiento, con la Bioquímica (Figura 1) se deben a que todos los procesos fisiológicos de las planta tienen relación con los ciclos metabólicos desíntesis y degradación de las biomoléculas, con los procesos enzimáticos que catalizan esas reacciones y con la constitución de losácidos desoxiribonucleicos que dictan la información para la biosíntesis de proteínas. Disciplinas como Biología Molecular,Biotecnología y Bioingeniería Genética han logrado un conocimiento más profundo acerca de los mecanismos moleculares de la planta, lo que ha permitido el desarrollo de técnicas de fitomejoramiento más avanzadas que las que han prevalecido hasta el momento. El refinamiento del Cultivo de Tejidos, que permite regenerar una planta completa de una célula o de protoplastos, ha hecho posible utilizar la totipotencialidad de las células somáticas en las estrategias de la Biología Molecular y de la Bioingeniería Genética para la incorporación de nuevos genes en las plantas. Si el Colegio de Postgraduados quiere conservar su liderazgo en las ciencias agrícolas, va a ser nesesario intensificar sus programas de enseñanza y de investigación en estas nuevas disciplinas científicas.