bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mean free path approach to the micro/nanochannel gas flows
Authors: Xie Jianfei
Published: May 2020

We investigate the gas flows near to solid surfaces in terms of the local spatial variation in the molecular mean free path (MFP). Molecular dynamics (MD) is the appropriate scientific tool for obtaining molecularly-accurate dynamic information in micro and nano-scale gas flows, and has been used to evaluate the molecular mean free path of gases. In the calibration procedure, the viscosity of a gas in the homogeneous case can be recovered in our MD simulations and reach good agreement with the theoretical prediction and data from NIST. In surface-bounded gas flows, if the collisions between gas molecules and walls are counted, a spatially-varying mean free path is presented, and for the first time we have observed that the distribution of the free paths deviates from the exponential one and spikes appear in their distributions at larger Kn, i.e. in the transition flow regime. Based on elementary kinetic theory, the effective viscosity of the gas derived from the mean free path has been incorporated into the framework of the continuum-fluid dynamics equations, and micro-Couette flows are performed to demonstrate this potential application.
Mental (2008): Sōda Kazuhiro’s Observational Cinema
Authors: Odagiri Takushi
Published: May 2020

This article examines Sōda Kazuhiro’s observational documentary, especially his second observational film, Seishin (Mental), and specifically considers its participatory methods, sociohistorical circumstances, and philosophical anthropology. Influenced by North American direct cinema of the 1960s (especially Frederick Wiseman) as well as Bronisław Malinowski’s participant observation, Sōda’s observational style not only emphasizes the self-affective nature of documentary eyes but also rejects the preconceived reality of its object. Documentary is not conceived “in the head”: unexpected discoveries, which inevitably accompany his participatory methods, define his object from an ex ante facto (before the fact) perspective. Examples of this are the contingency of the mental-bodily complex (Seishin) and self-contradictory social situations (Senkyo and Senkyo 2). Because it’s an observationalparticipatory film, Seishin responds to the sociopolitical climates of the late 2000s, especially the Japanese government’s reforms of health and medical services. Specifically, two laws were enacted while the film was in production: the 2005 Support for Independence of Persons with Disability (SIPD) Act and the 2006 Suicide Prevention Act. Furthermore, Seishin represents an anthropological (techno-ontological) standpoint similar to that of Gilbert Simondon, Miki Kiyoshi, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. This article investigates the film’s ontology, externalism, and political critique of neoliberalism in the late 2000s.
The Battle of Representations
Authors: Chun Dongho
Published: May 2020

Opposite the Japanese embassy in downtown Seoul stands a bronze statue of a young girl. Since its erection in 2011, it has become a site of fierce symbolic battles among various parties. The objectives of this article are threefold. First, it offers an art historical account of the monument. Although it has been widely covered by numerous media, few serious studies on the monument as a work of art have been undertaken, and this article seeks to fill the gap. Second, it aims to advance an interpretation of the statue as a paradigmatic embodiment of intersubjective gaze that unsettles conventional portrayals of comfort women as erotic prostitutes. The image of comfort women as highly sexualized bodies has taken deep root in postwar Japanese popular culture, but the statue challenges this stereotyping and presents instead the pristine image of comfort women as innocent teenage victims of ruthless Japanese militarism. Third, it revisits the obvious: the statue in essence is a representation, but the representation itself is in turmoil. As people summon their own collection of desires when gazing at the statue, their encounters with it constantly question its representational stability.
National History and Generational Memory
Authors: Zemanek Adina
Published: May 2020

This article explores a recent stage of the national project in Taiwan as reflected in comic books. It compares historical comics and graphic memoirs as lieux de mémoire (according to Pierre Nora) and as stories that define Taiwan, situated between the historical apparatus and cultural memory (in Marita Sturken’s terms). It argues that the memoirs’ higher potential appeal is based on their relevance to contemporary concerns, on building links between the wu nianji 五年級 (fifth-grader) generation and present-day youth, and on depicting history as recoverable through elements of everyday life. The article also highlights borrowings from existing discourses of national history in the analyzed memoirs and their new contributions thereto: a focus on the postwar period; a strong generational consciousness; an idea of historical continuity as embodied in present everyday life; a nonantagonistic approach to national history that transcends ethnic and political divides and positions Taiwan in the midst of global flows; and a nonelite view of Taiwan’s most recent history grounded in popular culture.
Building a Global Feminist Alliance for Peace in East Asia
Authors: Tsui Sit , Chi Lau Kin
Published: May 2020

In an era of vacillations between threats of a nuclear war and promises of peace breakthroughs in East Asia, this article takes examples from public campaigns of women’s peace groups—such as Women’s Peace Walk, Women Cross DMZ (the Demilitarized Zone), Women’s Active Museum on War and Peace, and PeaceWomen Across the Globe—and argues for feminist scholarship to take an interdisciplinary approach and, in particular, to fuse peace studies with cultural studies, political economy, and global geopolitics. Doing so requires an examination of the history and the scope of the military-industrial complex, its relationship with finance capital, its bonds with governments and political parties, and its business patterns in relation to wars and conflicts all over the world. It also is crucial to sow the seeds of reconciliation and peace into the daily life of ordinary people. Thus, historians, cultural workers, educationists, writers, and scholar activists of different areas must undertake long-term sustained work for reconciliation and peace at the grassroots level as well as networking at the regional and global levels.
Taxation and Migration: Evidence and Policy Implications
Authors: Kleven Henrik , Landais Camille , Muñoz Mathilde , Stantcheva Stefanie
Published: May 2020

In this article, we review a growing empirical literature on the effects of personal taxation on the geographic mobility of people and discuss its policy implications. We start by laying out the empirical challenges that prevented progress in this area and then discuss how recent work has made use of new data sources and quasi-experimental approaches to credibly estimate migration responses. This body of work has shown that certain segments of the labor market, especially high-income workers and professions with little location-specific human capital, may be quite responsive to taxes in their location decisions. When considering the implications for tax policy design, we distinguish between uncoordinated and coordinated tax policy. We highlight the importance of recognizing that mobility elasticities are not exogenous, structural parameters. They can vary greatly depending on the population being analyzed, the size of the tax jurisdiction, the extent of tax policy coordination, and a range of non-tax policies. While migration responses add to the efficiency costs of redistributing income, we caution against overusing the recent evidence of (sizeable) mobility responses to taxes as an argument for less redistribution in a globalized world.
The Long-Term Effects of Communism in Eastern Europe
Authors: Fuchs-Schündeln Nicola , Schündeln Matthias
Published: May 2020

We analyze the long-term effects of communism on both policies and preferences in Eastern Europe in four areas in which the communist and capitalist doctrines fundamentally differ: government intervention in markets, political freedom, and inequality in incomes and across genders. Macroeconomic indicators related to these areas show convergence of the East to the West. However, residents in the East express less support for democracy and a stronger desire for redistribution, in line with the communist doctrine. Their preferences for the market economy are on average similar to the ones in the West, and their support of female labor force participation is even lower. To establish an effect of communism on preferences, we recur to cohort differences. In all four areas, older cohorts in the East who have lived under communism for a longer time show preferences more in line with communism than younger cohorts, compared to the same cohort gradient in the West.
The Basic Economics of Internet Infrastructure
Authors: Greenstein Shane
Published: May 2020

The internet’s structure and operations remain invisible to most economists. What determines the economic value of internet infrastructure and the incentives to improve it? What are the open research questions for the most salient policy issues? This article reviews the basic economics of internet infrastructure, focusing attention on the economic questions motivated by public aspirations for ubiquitous availability and widespread adoption of internet protocols.
Race Discrimination: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Lang Kevin , Spitzer Ariella Kahn-Lang
Published: May 2020

We review the empirical literature in economics on discrimination in the labor market and criminal justice system, focusing primarily on discrimination by race. We then discuss theoretical models of taste-based discrimination, particularly models of frictional labor markets and models of statistical discrimination, including recent work on invalid statistical discrimination. We explore and evaluate the evidence for and against these theories. Although there is substantial evidence of the existence of discrimination, little is known about the extent to which disparities are driven by discrimination. Finally, we argue that economists miss the important self-enforcing relationship between disparities and discrimination and the effect of disparities in one domain on discrimination in other domains.
Social, ethical and behavioural aspects of COVID-19
Authors: Pan-ngum Wirichada , Poomchaichote Tassawan , Cuman Giulia , Cheah Phee-Kheng , Waithira Naomi , Mukaka Mavuto , Naemiratch Bhensri , Kulpijit Natinee , Chanviriyavuth Rita , Asarath Supa-at , Ruangkajorn Supanat , Silan Margherita , Stoppa Silvia , Zuanna Gianpiero Della , Ongkili Darlene , Cheah Phaik Kin , Osterrieder Anne , Schneiders Mira , Mackworth-Young Constance R.S. , Cheah Phaik Yeong
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Vaccines and drugs for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 require robust evidence generated from clinical trials before they can be used. Decisions on how to apply non-pharmaceutical interventions such as quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing and travel restrictions should also be based on evidence. There are some experiential and mathematical modelling data for these interventions, but there is a lack of data on the social, ethical and behavioural aspects of these interventions in the literature.

Therefore, our study aims to produce evidence to inform (non-pharmaceutical) interventions such as communications, quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, travel restrictions and other public health measures for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study will be conducted in the United Kingdom, Italy, Malaysia and Thailand. We propose to conduct 600-1000 quantitative surveys and 25-35 qualitative interviews per country. Data collection will follow the following four themes: (1) Quarantine and self-isolation (2) social distancing and travel restrictions (3) wellbeing and mental health (4) information, misinformation and rumours. In light of limitations of travel and holding in-person meetings, we will use online/remote methods for collecting data. Study participant will be adults who have provided informed consent from different demographic, socio-economic and risk groups.

Discussion: At the time of writing, United Kingdom, Italy, Malaysia and Thailand have initiated strict public health measures and varying degrees of “lockdowns” to curb the pandemic. It is anticipated that these public health measures will continue in some countries (e.g. Italy, Malaysia) or be tightened further in other countries (e.g. Thailand, UK) to control the spread of the disease in the coming weeks and months. The data generated from our study could inform these strategies in real time.
Does Reciprocity Affect Analysts’ Incentives to Release Timely Information? Evidence from Syndication Relationships in Securities Underwriting
Authors: Mao Connie X. , Song Wei-Ling
Published: May 2020

Reciprocity is a subtle but influential factor in maintaining business relationships. We examine the stock recommendations, earnings forecasts, and target prices issued by “reciprocity-pressured” analysts affiliated with securities underwriters who rely on other major underwriters’ invitations to be in syndicates. Consistent with the reciprocal pressure hypothesis, we find that reciprocity-pressured analysts delay releasing negative information on other major underwriters’ clients despite the fact that these analysts’ affiliated underwriters do not receive fees from those clients. We also document temporary retaliation by major underwriters when reciprocity-pressured analysts deviate from such expected reciprocity. The results suggest that reciprocal pressure in the investment banking industry has a real effect on analyst information dissemination.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Dermatological conditions in older adults: clinical overview
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: May 2020

The skin is one of the most important parts of the human body. It protects the underlying tissue from injury and is a valuable part of the homeostatic processes. The skin is delicate, and, therefore, dermatological intervention is an important part of patient care in the case of skin problems. Older people have more frail and aged skin, which must be treated correctly to avoid skin breaks, especially where there are any dermatological conditions present. Not only this, but where there is a wound, the dressing must be chosen and applied carefully, to treat the condition but also to avoid damage when it comes to removing the dressing, due to the risk of the skin tearing, which can be a common problem in older adults. Further, the thinner, drier skin of older people has moisture and barrier changes that lead to a higher susceptibility to eczema. This article provides an overview of the aetiological, diagnostic and treatment aspects of geriatric dermatology, with a focus on the common allergic skin conditions (dermatitis) seen in older adults.
Biopsychopharmacosocial approach to assess impact of social distancing and isolation on mental health in older adults
Authors: Baker Edward , Clark Louise L
Published: May 2020

It is impossible to predict or comprehend the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The UK Government's advice for vulnerable people, including older adults, to move towards self-isolation and social distancing is likely to reduce rates of transmission, the risk of severe illness and the impact on the acute health services. Although justified and necessary, this process of isolation is likely to have a negative impact on the mental health of these vulnerable groups, especially older people. It will become increasingly important for community health professionals to assess subtle changes in older persons' mental health, as the duration of this period of isolation remains unclear. The biopsychopharmacosocial model provides one method of assessing mental health and planning health and social care needs. This article hopes to guide community health professionals through the specifics of this assessment model in relation to the growing COVID-19 pandemic.
Making masks for maternity staff
Authors: Denicke-Polcher Sandra , Lawin-O'Brien Anna
Published: May 2020

Despite self-isolation, social distancing and NHS work during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sandra Denicke-Polcher and Anna Lawin-O'Brien found a way to make a joyous difference, connecting the community with healthcare providers on the shop floor
Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: why is it fundamental?
Authors: Uday Suma , Bowie Jessica , Högler Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Vitamin D is mainly made in the skin following exposure to sunlight but can also be taken in via specific natural or fortified food sources. It is essential for intestinal calcium absorption and thereby bone mineralisation. Deficiency in vitamin D, or low dietary calcium intake, therefore results in defective bone mineralisation causing osteomalacia in children and adults and rickets in growing children. The leading causes of rickets and osteomalacia worldwide are solar vitamin D deficiency and/or nutritional calcium deficiency. Long-standing severe vitamin D deficiency can lead to craniotabes, large fontanelle, leg bowing, stunted growth and obstructed labour. The deficient state in the infant is almost always acquired from the mother. Therefore, robust antenatal and infant vitamin D supplementation programmes are obligatory to prevent complications. Conversely, lack of programme monitoring and conflicting recommendations can lead to confusion among healthcare professionals and poor uptake in the population. Factors shown to improve adherence to supplementation include universal supplementation of breast- and bottle-fed infants, monitoring supplementation at antenatal/postnatal healthcare visits, providing information to families at discharge from the neonatal unit and financial family support.
The relationship between nurses' knowledge and self-confidence in implementing palliative care in an intensive care unit
Authors: Kurnia Theresia Avila , Trisyani Yanny , Prawesti Ayu
Published: May 2020

Background:

This quantitative study aimed to analyse the relationship between knowledge and nurses' self-confidence (or self-efficacy) in applying palliative care (PC) in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study was a correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling, and the sample included all nurses who were actively working at the general hospital in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, during the study. There were 127 people in total. Data were collected using questionnaires. The Pearson correlation test was used for bivariate analysis. The results of univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents had high self-confidence but had less knowledge related to PC in the ICU. Based on the results of the bivariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and self-confidence variables. The results showed that a high number of respondents had less knowledge in implementing PC in the ICU. Therefore, familiarisation sessions and training related to this are needed, focusing on nurses' beliefs in their abilities.
Understanding facial anatomy in aesthetic practice
Authors: Haswell Natalie
Published: May 2020

In this article the author will explore the relevance and importance of knowing and understanding the facial anatomy, including what benefits this has to the patient and the injector. This article will detail why an in-depth knowledge of anatomy is important, specifically in relation to aesthetic medicine, botulinum toxin A and soft tissue filler injections. First and foremost, it is the medical injector's duty of care to have a deep knowledge and understanding of anatomy and physiology with regard to any medical procedure. Unfortunately, as well-known, cosmetic injectables are largely unregulated. The number of reports of ‘botched’ cosmetic procedures or even poor treatment and poor consumer service just keeps on rising ( Save Face, 2019 ). This raises the question of why this is and why the complications becoming what seems to be more frequent and increasing in severity.
Consideration of the ‘cooling off period’ as part of the consent process
Authors: Kelso Kate
Published: May 2020

Kate Kelso, in conjunction with Tracey Bell Education and ICE Postgraduate Dental Institute, provides an insight into the cooling off period and what the guidance regarding this suggests in regard to non-surgical aesthetic treatments
Monitoring respiratory rate in adults
Authors: Hill Barry , Annesley Sarah H.
Published: May 2020

Barry Hill and Sarah H Annesley discuss the importance of monitoring respiratory rate and why it is a crucial clinical skill

This article will introduce Respiratory Rate and the role of adequate respiration, as well as explore respiratory rate monitoring as an essential aspect of nursing care. It will also give rationale to the importance of respiratory rate monitoring as a clinical skill and introduce normal and abnormal respiration rates and patterns. Furthermore, it will provide a ‘how to’ guide on respiratory rate monitoring and use contemporary evidence-based literature to underpin respiratory rate monitoring for clinical practice.
Adapting practice during the pandemic
Authors: Oldman Crystal
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 has changed the way general practice nurses consult with patients. Dr Crystal Oldman explores how effective these new methods are
Investigation of Pre-service teachers' Web 2.0 Rapid Content Development Self-Efficacy Belief Levels and their Views on Web 2.0 Tools
Authors: Say Serkan , Yildirim Fatih Serdar
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the pre-service teachers’ Web 2.0 rapid content development self-efficacy belief levels and their opinions about Web 2.0 tools. The study was carried out by using “convergent parallel mixed design”. In the academic year of 2019-2020, 254 pre-service teachers voluntarily participated in the quantitative part of the study and 30 pre-service teachers voluntarily participated in the qualitative part. "Web 2.0 Rapid Content Development Self-Efficacy Belief Scale of Pre-Service Teachers" was used as quantitative data collection tool. In order to collect qualitative data, a semi-structured interview form was prepared by the researchers. While the quantitative data obtained from the pre-service teachers were analyzed with the T Test and ANOVA, the qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. As a result of the study, pre-service teachers’ Web 2.0 rapid content development self-efficacy belief levels do not differ significantly in terms of gender variable. On the other hand, a significant difference was observed in self-efficacy belief level scores among different departments. Also, the pre-service teachers expressed positive opinions regarding the use of WEB 2.0 tools in the educational environment such as class group formation, presentation preparation and virtual classroom applications.
Investigating the Psychological Resilience of Students in Sports Sciences Faculty
Authors: Onturk Yavuz , Efek Engin , Yildiz Mevlut
Published: May 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the psychological resilience levels of students studying in the Faculty of Sports Sciences according to some variables. The sample of the study consisted of Sports Sciences Faculty students of Duzce University, and the population consisted of 200 students from the Sports Sciences Faculty selected through a convenience sampling method. An eight-item personal information form developed by the researcher for demographic characteristics and ‘‘Short form of resilience scale’’ to determine resilience levels of participants were used. According to data obtained, while resilience levels, grades, gender, branch, department, age, and income variables of participants did not show a significant difference (p>0,05), it showed a significant difference according to sports age and place of living variables (p<0,05). Besides it was determined that resilience scores of male participants were higher than females, and team athletes had higher scores than individual athletes, lower classes had higher scores than upper classes, sports management students had higher scores than coaching and physical education and sports teaching students, and students who had younger age had higher scores than students who had older age. As a result of research, it was determined that resilience could be differed by class, sports age, residence variables. Also, it was revealed that sports age affects resilience negatively.
DETERMINANTES DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES INDUSTRIAIS ENTRE OS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS: UMA ANÁLISE PVAR NO PERÍODO DE 2003 A 2014
Authors: Dos Santos Jean Carlos , Alves Janaina da Silva
Published: May 2020

Esse estudo terá como objetivo investigar quais os fatores que influenciaram a concentração industrial entre as Unidades Federativas do Brasil no período de 2003 a 2014. Para execução desse objetivo, será utilizado o Índice de Concentração Ellison e Glaeser para mensurar as aglomerações. Os dados serão organizados em forma de painel e será elaborado um modelo econométrico PVAR, que permitirá estudar as relações dinâmicas e mecanismos de ajustes entre as variáveis analisadas. Os dados utilizados foram encontrados na RAIS e Censo Demográfico do IBGE. A contribuição deste trabalho com a literatura está no fato de utilizar um índice pouco explorado a nível nacional e ferramentas econométricas inéditas para o estudo da concentração industrial. Os resultados da análise em painel indicam que a influência do governo e as externalidades possuem maior significância na concentração. Verificou-se que choques relacionados ao transbordamento de conhecimento impactam positivamente na concentração industrial.
ELEMENTOS DE INOVAÇÃO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DA CAFEICULTURA INDÍGENA NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Jakliny Martins Arruda Thelma , Barros de Souza Saiane , Afonso Pommer Barbosa Raul , De São Pedro Filho Flávio
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo aborda um tema com enfoque econômico, ambiental e social, localizado na região da Amazônia Legal brasileira, a cafeicultura indígena. Esta pesquisa privilegiou como objetivo principal compreender os principais elementos de inovação que possibilitam o desenvolvimento sustentável da cafeicultura em uma reserva indígena na Amazônia Legal brasileira; e tem como objetivos específicos caracterizar a cafeicultura na reserva indígena (1), identificar os principais fatores de desenvolvimento sustentável (2), descrever a estrutura da inovação para o desenvolvimento sustentável na Terra Indígena Sete de Setembro (3). Como resultado, percebe-se a produção desse ativo nessa tribo da Amazônia é realizada com base no Triple Bottom Line. Encontram-se as melhores práticas de gestão para o desenvolvimento sustentável numa área indígena, estes povos aprimoram a produção qualitativamente com inovação de seus processos usando tecnologias e aperfeiçoando suas relações sociais e comerciais com instituições capazes de potencializar a produção de café.
INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR DE CAPITAL ABERTO ATUANTES NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DE QUALIDADE, GOVERNANÇA E RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL
Authors: Santos Aldomar Guimarães , Pereira Raquel da Silva , Palmisano Angelo , Lucas Edimilson Costa
Published: May 2020

Este estudo procurou relacionar a qualidade do ensino superior com informações de responsabilidade social evidenciadas por Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de capital aberto. O estudo exploratório utilizou-se de pesquisa documental em dados qualitativos e quantitativos de domínio público. Foram analisados exaustivamente documentos referentes ao período entre 2007 e 2017. Verificou-se não haver um padrão no tratamento das informações sobre a performance socialmente responsável das IES, tampouco são claras em aspectos de transparência e governança. A divulgação dos relatórios segue um modelo de informação legalista disponibilizando o mínimo necessário exigido pela legislação. Não se verificou a divulgação espontânea de atividades socioambientais dessas instituições capaz de valorizar e incentivar o estabelecimento de uma cultura de responsabilidade socioambiental.
Short Communication: The composition of undergrowth vegetation in the Gendol Riverbank, Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Syahbudin Atus , ALNUS MEINATA  , WIYONO  , RIDLA ARIFRIANA
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Syahbudin A, Meinata A, Arifriana R, Wiyono. 2020. The composition of undergrowth vegetation in the Gendol Riverbank, Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1786-1792. Gendol river is one of the rivers affected by a pyroclastic blast from Mount Merapi eruption in 2010. This river flows through several villages, such as Glagaharjo, Kepuharjo, Wukirsari, and Argomulyo. On this riverbank, vegetation has grown naturally post-eruption of Mount Merapi and is continues to change. Some vegetation was also planted by the community. This study aims to find out the composition of the undergrowth vegetation on the Gendol riverbank in Cangkringan Sub-district. The data was obtained systematically by marking 10 sample plots of 5 m x 5 m and 2 m x 2 m size, on each side of the bank. A total of 68 species were recorded in this study which consisted of 29 trees species in seedlings and saplings stage, 34 species of herbs and shrubs, and 6 species of grasses. The dominant among the non-tree species are Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. with an IVI of 43.78%, Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze with IVI of 16.6% and Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson with IVI of 15.78%. Saplings are dominated by Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes with IVI of 32.81%, followed by Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit (IVI-24.41%) and Melia azedarach (IVI-14.28%).
Coral transplantation on a multilevel substrate of Artificial Patch Reefs: effect of fixing methods on the growth rate of two Acropora species
Authors: Munasik M , SABDONO AGUS , ASSYFA AZELIA N. , WIJAYANTI DIAH PERMATA , SUGIYANTO SUGIYANTO , IRWANI IRWANI , PRIBADI RUDHI
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Munasik, Sabdono A, Assyfa AN, Wijayanti DP, Sugiyanto, Irwani, Pribadi R. 2020. Coral transplantation on a multilevel substrate of Artificial Patch Reefs: effect of fixing methods on the growth rate of two Acropora species. Biodiversitas 21: 1816-1822. Branching Acropora is generally used in coral transplantation to rehabilitate coral reefs. However, these corals are sensitive to environmental changes. Artificial Patch Reef  (APR) is an artificial structure that provides a multilevel hard substrate. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the APR structure to facilitate the growth and survival of Acropora branching. Two species Acropora aspera and Acropora copiosa were transplanted vertically and horizontally on a modular concrete block in different levels of APR situated in the shallow reef of Panjang Island, Central Java. The results showed that the coral growth rate varied from 96.7 to 346.9 cm3/month, while survival ranged from 30 to 100% after 8 months. Lower survival rate mostly was found in the upper level of APR. The statistical analyses showed that the growth rate of A. copiosa fragment was significantly higher than that of A. aspera  (p<0.05). Moreover, there were also significant differences in the treatments of transplantation method  (p<0.05) to enhance coral growth. However, multilevel substrates were not significantly influenced by coral growth. This study suggested that A. copiosa which has high-level complexity in branching pattern will be selected to apply in shallow reef rehabilitation with transplanted vertically.
Better providers of habitat for Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy 1812): A species distribution modeling approach in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mahfut Sodik  , Satyawan Pudyatmoko  , Pujo Semedi Hargo Yuwono  , Muhammad Tafrichan  , Muhammad Ali Imron
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Sodik M, Pudyatmoko S, Yuwono PSH, Tafrichan M, Imron MA. 2020. Better providers of habitat for Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy 1812): A species distribution modeling approach in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1890-1900. The Javan slow loris is an arboreal and nocturnal primate endemic to Java, which is known to inhabit primary and secondary forest habitats, such as swamps, plantations, and bamboo forest. The population of the Javan slow loris continues to decline significantly due to forest degradation, habitat loss/fragmentation, and illegal trade. Conservation of this small primate in Java has been hampered by a paucity of local data on how conservation areas support this species. This study aims to build a spatial distribution model of the Javan slow loris and analyzing the role of each stakeholder plays on land use type to support the conservation of N. javanicus. By utilizing Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) with Maximum Entropy species distribution modeling approach, the researchers were able to highlight the importance of which conservation areas in Central Java that play crucial role to conserve the N. javanicus population. Data on the presence of the Javan slow loris was obtained from the result of a survey undertaken in 2017 and communication with researchers. Elevation, slope, landcover, rainfall, distance to road, distance to settlement, distance to river (water source), and NDVI were used as environmental variables. Results showed that 0.76% (25,715.4 ha) of the total area of the Central Java Province is suitable for their habitat. In addition, results revealed that 2.2% of suitable habitat is present within conservation areas, 4.6% in protected forest areas, and 93.2% outside of protected areas. The Javan slow loris is predicted to be mostly scattered in the northern part of Central Java Province. The Javan slow loris is widely distributed in plantations, their most dominant habitat. The findings of this study show that the small percentage of suitable habitat presents within protected forest and conservation areas cannot sustainably maintain the extant Javan slow loris population. Thus, it is important for the Indonesian government and other key related stakeholders to work together in combination with educating local communities to preserve the habitat and population of N. javanicus.
Identification of growth genes diversity of swamp buffalo using RFLP in Kabaena Island, Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nafiu La Ode , Muzuni  , Pagala Muhammad , Kurniawan Widhi , Rahadi Syam
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Nafiu LO, Muzuni, Pagala MA, Kurniawan W, Rahadi S. 2020. Identification of growth genes diversity of swamp buffalo using RFLP in Kabaena Island, Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1901-1907. Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Bombana District has been familiar in the socio-cultural life and used as a source of livelihood. Buffalo can adapt to the hard environment by utilizing a low-quality feed. However, it needs more attention from the public and the government to increase buffalo production, both from the genetic and environmental aspects. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of swamp buffalo growth genes (GH and GHRH) in Kabaena Island, Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia. The blood sample was taken from 58 heads of swamp buffaloes and analyzed using PCR technique to multiply the sequence of GH and GHRH genes with the target sizes of 327 bp and 451 bp. The Genes diversity determined using analysis of genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of each locus, Inbreeding Coefficient estimated using analysis of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), while Population balance (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) specifically related to the presence/absence of selection determined using a chi-square analysis. The results of the study showed that the GH/MspI and GHRH/HaeIII locus were polymorphic with sizes of 327 bp and 451 bp, respectively, contain three genotypes; AA, AB, and BB. The frequency of GH/MspI locus A and B locus were 0.562 and 0.438, respectively. Meanwhile, the frequency of A and B alleles at the GHRH/HaeIII locus were0.700 and 0.300, respectively. Allele and genotype GH/ MspI - GHRH/HaeIII locus frequency of swamp buffalo in Kabaena Island, Bombana District were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and it means that mating tends to occur randomly.
Effectiveness of biological control of Trichoderma harzianum on soybean leaf rust disease and the production in West Papua Lowland, Indonesia
Authors: EKO AGUS MARTANTO  , ADELIN E. TANATI  , SAMEN BAAN  , HERMAN R. TATA  , Murdjoko Agustinus
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Martanto EA, Tanati AE, Baan S, Tata HR, Murdjoko A. 2020. Effectiveness of biological control of Trichoderma harzianum on soybean leaf rust disease and the production in West Papua Lowland, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1935-1939. This study aims to evaluate the application of Trichoderma harzianum in leaf rust disease on soybean and its production. The study was conducted for three months starting from May to July 2017, at Residential Unit 11th Sidey Subdistrict, Manokwari District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. This study was designed using Factorial Complete Randomized Design consisting of two treatment factors and repeated three times. There was no treatment of pathogen inoculation in the field. The tested varieties had a different response to plant height. Burangrang, Grobogan, Dena-1, Anjasmoro, and Detam-1 varieties were categorized as moderate resistant varieties. The Trichoderma harzianum application should be applied in the whole crops of soybean to control environmentally the leaf rust disease. Seeds weight per plot for Dena-1 variety was higher compared to other varieties. The combination of Detam-1 varieties with Trichoderma treatment 2 times resulted in increased production.
Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress
Authors: HAPSARI LIA , Trimanto Trimanto , Budiharta Sugeng
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hapsari L, Trimanto, Budiharta S. 2020. Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress. Biodiversitas 21: 2003-2017. Comparative vegetation analyses subjected to recolonization of spontaneous plants were carried out in two post-coal mining reclamation sites, with different ages of reclamation, specifically 9 years old and 17 years old, in Bontang, East Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the spontaneous plant diversity and composition, identify the spontaneous alien plant species invasion (IAS), analyze the underlying micro-climates and soil factors and their association to the spontaneous plant recolonization, also to evaluate the succession progress. Results showed that both reclamation sites have undergone some vegetation and environmental improvements. The plant succession stage of both sites was identified at the same stage, as establishment phase of early-succession stage in transition to mid-succession stage. The spontaneous plants were comprised of two layers, i.e. (i) understories include grasses, ferns, lianas, herbs, shrubs and tree seedlings; and (ii) saplings include some of trees and small trees. Plant diversity indices on both sites were in moderate category. At understory layer, the 9-y.o. site was mostly dominated by grass Polytrias indica, whereas the 17-y.o. site was dominated by shrub Asystasia gangetica. At sapling layer, the 9-y.o. site was mostly dominated by Glochidion obscurum, whereas the 17-y.o. site was dominated by Macaranga tanarius. Dominant pioneer tree and shrub species in two reclamation sites mostly from general species component of secondary tropical forests from the families Euphorbiaceae, Phyllantaceae, Melastomaceae, Leguminosae, and Lamiaceae. It was recorded seven IAS in the 9-y.o. site, which six out of seven species were dominant. Meanwhile, in the 17-y.o. site was recorded eight IAS but only four species were dominant. Two dominant noxious weed species were also identified. Each IAS and noxious weed species has invasiveness traits that make them well-grown, successfully recolonized and invaded the reclamation site. Environmental factors include air temperature, air moisture, and light intensity; and soil conditions include pH, C/N ratio and physicochemical properties affected the variation of spontaneous plant establishment on each reclamation site. These comparative study findings may become inputs for coal mining operations management to evaluate and improve their reclamation program; such as by soil reconditions, controlling the populations of IAS, and planting more intensively of native tree species.
Short Communication: Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of bacteria producing laccase isolated from Gunung Pancar, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: WIN WIN MAR  , ALI ROHMAN  , NUR H. MUWAFIQI  , GALIH AYHUSTA LARAS  , DYAH AGUSTINA  , ONE ASMARANI  , PUSPANINGSIH NI NYOMAN TRI
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Mar WW, Rohman A, Muwafiqi NH, Laras GA, Agustina D, Asmarani O, Puspaningsih NNT. 2020. Short Communication: Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of bacteria producing laccase isolated from Gunung Pancar, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2113-2118. Interpretation of phylogenetic trees is essential in understanding relationships between organisms, as well as their characteristics, bionetwork, and even their genomic and developmental ecology. The aim of this research is to analyze the phylogenetic bacteria producing laccase isolated from Gunung Pancar Bogor, Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis of Geobacillus kaustophilus TP-02 producing laccase was performed using alignments with all Bacillus clusters. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method, using the maximum likelihood parameter. Laccase was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation to 2.67-fold. The activity of crude laccase was determined to be 93.39 U/ml using 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as the substrate. Moreover, Geobacillus related to counting some Geobacillus genus such as Geobacillus thermocatenulatus, Geobacillus sp. MAS1, Geobacillus thermoleovorans, and Geobacillus zalihae, having similarity under 91% with comparison to the Geobacillus kaustophilius sequence in GenBank. Therefore, results show that G. kaustophilus TP-02 does not have any closeness with other Geobacillus genera, even though these species have the same ancestor.
Diversity of capsaicin content, quantitative, and yield components in chili (Capsicum annuum) genotypes and their F1 hybrid
Authors: D Sahid Zulfikar , MUHAMAD SYUKUR  , AWANG MAHARIJAYA
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A. 2020. Genetic diversity of capsaicin content, quantitative, and yield component in chili (Capsicum annuum) and their F1 hybrid. Biodiversitas 21: 2251-2257. Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the horticultural plants that have many benefits. The benefit of chili was determined by pungency level of its fruit. Pungency level of the chili is due to the capsaicin content in fruit. Information about the genetic diversity of capsaicin is still rarely available. The aims of this study were to obtain diversity information on quantitative, yield component, and capsaicin content, and to analyze the correlation among chili genotypes based on their morphological characters. This study used Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The genetic material used in this study consisted of 21 genotypes consisting of 6 genotypes of chili elders and 15 hybrid F1 genotypes resulting from their crossing. Six genotypes of the chili parents are C5, F6074, F9160291, Yuni, Bara, and Giant. 15 hybrid F1 genotypes used in this study are C5 x Bara, C5 x F6074, C5 x Yuni, C5 x Giant, C5 x F9160291, Bara x F6074, Bara x Yuni, Bara x Giant, Bara x F9160291, F6074 x Yuni, F6074 x Giant, F6074 x F9160291, Yuni x Giant, Yuni x F9160291, and Giant x F9160291. The observation was made on the variables of quantitative, yield, and capsaicin components on chili. The results showed that the highest capsaicin content only was found in Bara x F9160291. The results of scatterplot analysis showed that the highest capsaicin and yield component was found in BaraxF6074 and C5 x Yuni genotype. The results of cluster analysis showed that chili was clustered into three color groups. The character of capsaicin content is negatively correlated and very different from fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, thick fruit flesh, total amount of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant.
Parasitism disruption by ants of Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of cassava mealybug
Authors: Fanani Muhammad Zainal , Rauf Aunu , Maryana Nina , Nurmansyah Ali , Hindayana Dadan
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Fanani MZ, Rauf A, Maryana N, Nurmansyah A, Hindayana D. 2020. Parasitism disruption by ants of Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of cassava mealybug. Biodiversitas 21: 2337-2343. Parasitoid, Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was introduced into Indonesia in 2014 to control the invasive cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Among ants associated with honeydew-producing hemipterans, there are three common species in Indonesia i.e., Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith), Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith), and Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The objective of this research was to investigate the relative influence of the three ant species on the parasitism of A. lopezi under laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out by allowing a number of ants and parasitoids to forage on mealybugs-infested waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jaqc.) Willd.). The average time spent by individual parasitoid foraging was significantly longer (27.39 minutes) on ant-excluded plants compared to ant-attended plants (2.47- 4.68 minutes). Accordingly, parasitoid spent less time in finding hosts on ant-excluded plants, while spent a longer time in handling hosts. More oviposition activities by parasitoids on mealybug were occurred on ant-excluded plants compared to those on ant-attended plants. As a result, the percentage of parasitism and the number of wasps that emerged from the hosts on ant-excluded plants were almost 2 - 3 folds higher than those on ant-attended plants.
Identification of microplastics in a large water volume by integrated holography and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Takahashi Tomoko , Liu Zonghua , Thevar Thangavel , Burns Nicholas , Mahajan Sumeet , Lindsay Dhugal , Watson John , Thornton Blair
Published: May 2020

A noncontact method to identify sparsely distributed plastic pellets is proposed by integrating holography and Raman spectroscopy in this study. Polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) resin pellets with a size of 3 mm located in a 20 cm water channel were illuminated using a collimated continuous wave laser beam with a diameter of 4 mm and wavelength of 785 nm. The same laser beam was used to take a holographic image and Raman spectrum of a pellet to identify the shape, size, and composition of material. Using the compact system, the morphological and chemical analysis of pellets in a large volume of water was performed. The reported method demonstrates the potential for noncontact continuous in situ monitoring of microplastics in water without collection and separation.