bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does access to natural environments explain differences in the use of wild plants between rural and urban populations?
Authors: Cordero Sebastián , Gálvez Francisca , Arenas Jonás , Rodríguez Valenzuela Evelyn
Published: January 2021

Background: The use of wild plants depends on a number of sociocultural and ecological factors, such as the ease of access to natural environments. This limitation for urban inhabitants leads to differences in the knowledge and use of wild plants compared to rural inhabitants.

Hypothesis:  Rural and urban populations tend to share a similar knowledge of plants and use similar plants species when easy access to natural landscapes is available.

Study site and years of study: Rural and urban area of Curarrehue, Araucanía region (southern Chile), 2017.

Methods: The use patterns of wild edible plants (WEPs) and wild medicinal plants (WMPs) were compared between the rural and urban population of Curarrehue. We evaluated the number of WEPs and WMPs collected, their richness and diversity, the most important gathering environments and the way in which knowledge was acquired.

Results: No differences were observed in the use of wild plants between the populations, except for the richness of WMPs. The WEPs were gathered mainly from the forest by both populations, and in the case of the WMPs, from forest and disturbed areas. The knowledge was acquired mainly through relatives, collecting plants from forest areas.

Conclusions: Access to natural environments is key to preserving traditional practices and contributes to reducing gaps in the knowledge and use of wild plants between local rural and urban populations.
Species delimitation in the genus Quercus (Fagaceae)
Authors: Valencia-A. Susana
Published: January 2021

Background: Quercus is recognized as a taxonomically complex genus, but also as a model clade in many important fields in biology, such that a good recognition of its species is necessary. The chosen species concept to use in Quercus will determine the empirical criteria used to recognize them, which will impact several areas of knowledge.
Questions: What are the main sources of variation that hinder the delimitation of species in Quercus ? What species concepts we use explicitly to recognize species in Quercus ? What is the advantage of using different empirical criteria both integrally and simultaneously in delimitation of species of oaks?
Studied species: Species of Quercus
Method: Bibliographic review of the main sources of variation in Quercus , and the species concepts, specifically those used in Quercus .
Results: Plasticity, convergence, hybridization and introgression, and incomplete divergence were identified as the main sources of variation in oaks. Taxonomic and ecological species concepts are those mainly and traditionally used in Quercus . Syngameons are important to know and understand the biology and evolution of Quercus species. These systems indicate that there are preserved genes that provide coherence and morphologic, ecologic and genetic identity to species, even if hybridization, backcrossing and introgression occur.
Conclusions: Preserved genes that provide coherence to species, suggest using taxonomic, ecologic and genetic concepts to delimit problematic species in species complexes in Quercus . The simultaneous use of data that these concepts support (multicriteria analysis), will give more confidence to get closer to the nature of the species and build an integrative taxonomy.
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from leaves and flowers of chilcuague ( Heliopsis longipes , Asteraceae)
Authors: Parola-Contreras Ixchel , Guevara-González Ramón G. , Feregrino-Pérez Ana A. , Reynoso-Camacho Rosalía , Pérez-Ramírez Iza F. , Ocampo-Velázquez Rosalía V. , Rojas- Molina Alejandra , Luna-Vazquez Francisco , Tovar-Pérez Erik G.
Published: January 2021

Background: Heliopsis longipes root is the widely used organ from the plant due to its culinary and medicinal importance. Nevertheless, during its collection the foliage is discarded. Therefore, it is required to perform studies about the phytochemical content with biological activity present in the different plant organs of the foliage, for a better exploitation of the plant.
Hypothesis: The concentration of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity varies according to the type of plant organ and the geographic location of the plant collection.
Study species: Heliopsis longipes
Site and years of study: The H. longipes plants were collected in three locations (Conca, San Juan Buenaventura and Beltran) from Sierra Gorda of Mexico, between 2017 and 2018.
Methods: In this study, they were analyzed the methanolic extracts from H. longipes leaves and flowers, in order to determine the content of the phenolic compounds and scavenging of radicals activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+).  Further characterization of the extracts was carried out by chromatography (UPLC).
Results: The total content of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins varied in depending on the type of plant organ and the origin site of H. longipes , being the leaves of Beltran those that represent the best source of phenolic compounds with scavenging activity of the radicals DPPH• and ABTS•+. In the extracts, phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified.
Conclusions: The geographical climatic conditions influence the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts from leaves and flowers of H. longipes .
Tropical rainforest fragmentation affects plant species richness, composition and abundance depending on plant-size class and life history
Authors: Aguirre-Jaimes Armando , López-Acosta Juan Carlos , Dirzo Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

Background: Tropical rain forests have been impacted by land use change, leading to major deforestation and fragmentation. Understanding how fragmentation impacts plant communities is central for tropical conservation.

Questions: i) How does species richness vary across a range of fragment sizes, and does it vary with plant size-structure? ii) how are species composition and floristic similarity affected by forest fragmentation? iii) does habitat fragmentation affect the representation of species with different life-history and regeneration patterns?

Studied species: We sampled overall plant communities and calculated diversity metrics of mature-forest and light-demanding species, considering plants of different size-categories (defined by diameter at breast height, DBH).

Study site: This study was carried out at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. An area originally dominated extensive evergreen tropical forest, but currently highly fragmented

Methods: We sampled plants in five forest fragments representing (2 - 36 ha), and a large patch of continuous forest (700 ha). Within each site we established ten-50 × 2 m transects and registered all woody plants with DBH > 1 cm.

Results: Species richness declined as fragment size became smaller. Such decline was significant considering all plants (DBH > 1.0 cm) but became non-significant as plant size-category increased (DBH > 2.5, or > 10 cm.). Small fragments had distinguishable assemblages compared to continuous forest and also a reduction in the representation of mature-forest species compared to light-demanding species.

Conclusions: Our findings confirm that fragmentation affects tropical plant species diversity, but the effect is differential, depending on plant size-category and life history.
A new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) species from a thermal spring in Azores archipelago (São Miguel island, Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Delgado Cristina , Gonçalves Vitor , Blanco Saúl , Almeida Salomé F.P.
Published: January 2021

Background: Due to their isolation, islands offer excellent areas for the study of distribution of benthic diatoms. On the other hand, diatoms bearing canal raphe have received less attention compared to other groups of diatoms such as Navicula, Pinnularia or Amphora .

Questions: Is it possible that thermal springs on islands offer a refuge for infrequent diatom species?

Studied species: Platichthys furnensis C. Delgado, V. Gonçalves & S.F.P. Almeida sp. nov.

Study site and dates: The species here described was collected in the epilithon of a thermal spring in São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) in September 2015.

Methods: This new taxon was compared to other diatom species of the genera Nitzschia , Tryblionella , Entomoneis and Hantzschia and to the other species of the genus Platichthys . The morphology is documented by light and scanning electron images and discussed in detail.

Results: Platichthys furnensis was found in a thermal pool, a similar habitat to the one where P. krammeri type was collected in Chile in 1940. P. furnensis has many structures that are characteristic of the recently described genus Platichthys, including raised canal raphe and fibulae, compressed valve face, steep valve face and numerous open copulae.

Conclusions: The description of the new taxon is interesting because it is the first species within Platichthys to be described from the Northern Hemisphere.
The ethnobotany of bryophytes in Mexico
Authors: Hernandez-Rodríguez Enrique , Delgadillo-Moya Claudio
Published: January 2021

Background: Mexico has an extensive record of vascular plants that are used by humans and associated with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). However, for non-vascular plants like bryophytes, there is no consensus on how many and which species have any TEK associated with them.

Questions: How many bryophyte species are used by humans in Mexico? What TEK is associated with them? Why is it important to document ethnobotanical information on bryophytes?

Studied species: Bryophytes sensu lato .

Study site and dates: Mexican territory. Time span covered by the studies reviewed was from 1552 to 2020.

Methods: Information in published materials, repositories, and personal fieldwork records were used to build a database on bryophyte taxa associated with some TEK in Mexico.

Results: According to available data, the bryophyte flora with some associated TEK in Mexico includes 36 species belonging to 30 genera and 23 families. The main use is ceremonial, although craft, environmental, medicinal, and ornamental uses are also reported.

Conclusions: This study updates the number of bryophytes used as non-forest timber resources. Ethnobotanical records for Mexico are among the highest in countries that use bryophytes in human enterprises.
Pollen morphology of the Megamexican cycads reveals the potential of morphometrics to identify cycad genera
Authors: Vovides Andrew P. , Guevara Roger , Coiro Mario , Galicia Sonia , Iglesias Carlos
Published: January 2021

Background: Although pollen morphology has always been an important tool in plant systematics, the possibility of distinguishing between related taxa is still debated. A difficult case is the cycads, where their morphology and small size is very similar. Pollen morphology has been important in plant systematics and determination at the species level is possible depending on the group. Controversial cases are the cycads, where their small pollen and smooth sculpture when observed under light microscopy present few useful characters for separation at the species level.

Question: Will cycad pollen morphometry be useful to distinguish taxa?

Study species: 15 species within the genera Ceratozamia, Dioon and Zamia were investigated with five species of each genus.

Methods: Pollen was obtained from both live specimens from the Clavijero Botanic Garden of the Instituto de Ecología, A.C., as well as herbarium specimens. Acetolyzed pollen was used for descriptions and morphometry, and non-acetolyzed pollen for SEM images.

Results: The thickness of the exine and pollen sculpture of Dioon differed from that of Ceratozamia and Zamia thus allowing its identification. The pollen morphology of Ceratozamia and Zamia is very similar and therefore difficult to distinguish between species.

Conclusions: The thicker exine of Dioon allows its pollen to be distinguished from the other two genera. Morphometric methods must be applied to distinguish pollen between species of Ceratozamia and Zamia.
Not just a pretty face: Women as storytellers and subjects in the folktales of Northern Sudan
Authors: El-Nour Eiman Abbas H.
Published: January 2021

Like fairytales in many other cultures, the folktales of Northern Sudan are not only reflective of the deepest aspects of culture, but also major formative influences on it. However, a central and often overlooked feature of these stories is the role women played as narrators and performers, and the related centrality of female figures within the narrative. In most of the popular stories, the heroine is the one who has all the action, and is not just the pretty girl who awaits her prince. In fact she is self-sufficient, and it is the handsome and valiant prince who figures as an extra. The heroine is always intelligent, resourceful, wily and at times even brutal, but is she who saves the day and performs the needed tricks to save lives and conquer evil. It is only then that she is rewarded with the handsome prince as her prize. It looks like the perfect revenge of women against a patriarchal society which denies them such roles.
Análisis del HFO-1234ze como alternativa ecológica en la refrigeración doméstica
Authors: Andrade Terán Cristian Andrés
Published: January 2021

La refrigeración de alimentos es un proceso esencial en los hogares, por lo que un refrigerador doméstico se convierte en un electrodoméstico indispensable. Siendo este uno de los mayores consumidores de energía eléctrica y de contaminación por el refrigerante que ocupa para su funcionamiento, es importante buscar alternativas que mejoren este proceso. En este estudio se pretende implementar un HFO, el R12354ze, como alternativa ecológica en la refrigeración doméstica, en respuesta a las demandas ambientales para reducir el cambio climático y el deterioro de la capa de ozono. Mediante un análisis termodinámico y de transferencia de calor con simulaciones del ciclo de refrigeración y el comportamiento del fluido en el intercambio de calor utilizando software especializado y CFD, se presenta al HFO como una alternativa aceptable logrando parámetros de refrigeración en rango entre 5%-8 % de diferencia con refrigeradores comunes utilizados actualmente, con un costo ambiental de hasta un 99 % más bajo, sin alterar su eficiencia energética. Aprovechando las propiedades del HFO en el ciclo de refrigeración se logra mejorar el coeficiente de desempeño del ciclo de refrigeración en un 12 %.
Impacto de los algoritmos de sobremuestreo en la clasificación de subtipos principales del síndrome de guillain-barré
Authors: Chávez-Bosquez Oscar , Torres-Vásquez Manuel , Hernández-Torruco José , Hernández-Ocaña Betania
Published: January 2021

El Síndrome de Guillain-Barré es un trastorno neu-rológico donde el sistema inmune del cuerpo ataca al sistema nervioso periférico. Esta enfermedad es de rápida evolución y es la causa más frecuente de parálisis del cuerpo. Existen cuatro variantes de SGB: Polineuropatía Desmielinizante Inflamatoria Aguda, Neuropatía Axonal Motora Aguda, Neuropatía Axonal Sensorial Aguda y Síndrome de Miller-Fisher. Identificar el subtipo de SGB que el paciente contrajo es determinante debido a que el tratamiento es diferente para cada subtipo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cuál algoritmo de sobremuestreo mejora el rendimiento de los clasificadores. Además, determinar si balancear los datos mejoran el rendimiento de los modelos predictivos. Aplicamos tres métodos de sobremuestro (ROS, SMOTE y ADASYN) a la clase minoritaria, utilizamos tres clasificadores (C4.5,SVM y JRip). El rendimiento de los modelos se obtuvo mediante la curva ROC. Los resultados muestran que balancear el dataset mejora el rendimiento de los modelos predictivos. El algoritmo SMOTE fue el mejor método de balanceo en combinación con el clasificador JRip para OVO y el clasificador C4.5para OVA.
Algoritmo de predicción del consumo de combustible para mezcla de etanol anhídrido en ciudades de altura
Authors: Espinoza Fabricio , Tacuri Fredy , Contreras Urgiles Wilmer Rafael , Vázquez Javier
Published: January 2021

En la presente investigación, se obtiene un modelo matemático de predicción del consumo específico de combustible en un motor ciclo Otto de 1,4 litros con inyección electrónica sin hacer modificaciones, al usar como combustible mezclas de gasolina con concentraciones a partir de 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % y 100 % en volumen de etanol anhidro. Para el análisis de los resultados se realizó un diseño de experimento de mezcla reticular simplex lattice, el cual se sometió a un ciclo de conducción urbano de la ciudad de Cuenca a 2558 m s. n. m. en un banco de potencia de rodillos. La adquisición de datos y la obtención del algoritmo fueron a través de un análisis de métodos estadísticos descriptivos. La validación del algoritmo se realizó por medio del análisis de residuos. Como resultado principal se cuenta con un modelo matemático, el que permite predecir el consumo de combustible del motor, para rangos de concentración de etanol del 0 % al 100 % en la gasolina sin la necesidad de realizar pruebas reales.
Algoritmos para el reconocimiento de estructuras de tablas
Authors: Escalona Yosveni
Published: January 2021

Las Tablas son una manera bien común de organizar y publicar datos. Por ejemplo, la Web posee un enorme número de tablas publicadas en HTML integradas en documentos PDF, o que pueden ser simplemente descargadas de páginas Web. Sin embargo, las tablas no siempre son fáciles de interpretar pues poseen una gran variedad de características y son organizadas en diferentes formatos. De hecho, se han desarrollado un gran número de métodos y herramientas para la interpretación de tablas. Este trabajo presenta la implementación de un algoritmo, basado en Campos Aleatorios Condicionales (CRF, Conditional Random Fields), para clasificar las filas de una tabla como fila de encabezado, fila de datos y fila metadatos. La implementación se complementa con dos algoritmos para reconocer tablas en hojas de cálculos, específicamente, basados en reglas y detección de regiones. Finalmente, el trabajo describe los resultados y beneficios obtenidos por la aplicación del algoritmo para tablas HTML, obtenidas desde la Web, y las tablas en forma de hojas de cálculo, descargadas desde el sitio Web de la Agencia Nacional de Petróleo de Brasil.
Análisis de vulnerabilidades con SQLMAP aplicada a entornos APEX 5
Authors: Crespo-Martinez Esteban
Published: January 2021

Las bases de datos son usualmente los principales objetivos de un ataque, específicamente por la información que en ella reside, ya que, de acuerdo con Druker, la información es poder. En este trabajo se realizan las pruebas de vulnerabilidad de la base de datos de un software ERP desarrollado en APEX 5. Para ello, se utilizan herramientas FOSS de prueba y análisis de vulnerabilidades de bases de datos, identificando que las sesiones que utiliza ERP basada en Oracle APEX son realizadas de manera aleatoria y que, además, son nuevamente generadas en determinados momentos. Se concluye que, con las pruebas aplicadas y las actualizaciones de SQLMAP a la fecha del experimento, no se ha conseguido vulnerar el software ERP con técnicas de inyección SQL.
A Qualitative Study on the Use of the Concepts and Subjects of Life Sciences in Religion Courses
Authors: Eminoğlu Selma , Haşıloğlu Mehmet Akif , Keskin Bülent
Published: January 2021

This study aims at determining the science concepts and subjects used in the "religion courses" taught in secondary schools and the contribution of science to religion courses, which is not a widely studied topic in the relevant literature. Like qualitative research, this study is a multiple case study. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview with five Muslim religion teachers working in an eastern city of Turkey. The interview data were analyzed using the basic descriptive and content analysis methods. The findings showed that religion teachers benefit from the concepts and subjects of science in their courses; using life sciences in their religion courses had a positive impact in teaching religious subjects better to the students; the use of the concepts of life sciences in religion courses enabled students to perceive the subject better; students enjoyed the use of science concepts in religion courses and also students asked questions to their teachers about many subjects of life sciences. Religion teachers expressed that they did not feel competent enough in the life sciences. Some recommendations, such as organizing in-service training have been made for religion teachers to feel competent enough in life sciences.
Serum calcium and magnesium levels in acute gastroenteritis
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Burla, Odisha, India, Patel Dr. Nayan Kumar , Kedia Dr. Madhav Kumar ,   Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Burla, Odisha, India, Majhi Dr. Chakradhar ,   Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Burla, Odisha, India, Bariha Dr. Prafulla Kumar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Burla, Odisha, India, Oram Dr. Gouri ,   Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research, Burla, Odisha, India
Published: January 2021

Background: Acute diarrhea endemic in India has a prevalence of 7% which is commonly seen inchildren and also is a major problem in adults. Acute diarrhea with dehydration culminates in theloss of electrolytes. Not only Na+ K+ but also Ca2+and Mg2+ are also substantially lost and lead tosymptoms and adds to morbidity and prolong hospitalization. Methods: In this observational study,a total of 100 cases of acute gastroenteritis admitted to the department of general medicine andinfectious disease ward of VIMSAR, Burla, between November 2018 to December 2019 wereinvestigated clinically and biochemically and data were interpreted statistically. Results: Males(56%) were more in number than females (44%), were mostly in the age group of 26-35 years(24%). Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyponatremia were found in 97%, 59%,49%, 48% of cases respectively. Correlation of Serum Ca2+with (r-value) total episodes of vomiting(-0.536), total episode of stools (-0.880), S. Na+ level (-0.374), S. K+ level (-0.729), with theduration of hospital stay (-0.770) respectively. Correlation of S. Mg2+ levels with (r-value) totalepisodes of vomiting (-0.475), total episode of stools (-0.498), S. Na+ level (-0.301), S. K+ level(-0.801), duration of hospital stay (-0.699) respectively. The correlations were found to bestatistically highly significant (with a p-value is <0.01). Conclusion: Early detection and promptcorrection of electrolytes will be beneficial, as it will decrease the duration of hospital stay, morbidity,mortality, thereby, decrease the burden on the health system of the country.
Case Report: Fibrosarcoma in Maxilla in Youngest
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Vanza Dr. Bhavuk , Rawat Dr. Amit ,   Associate Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Yadav Dr. Rashi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Patel Dr. Umesh ,   Professor in Pediatrics, RKDF Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: January 2021

Abstract- Fibrosarcomas are rare but highly fulminant and aggressively malignant neoplasm whichoccurs as a result of mutated spindle-shaped fibroblasts. According to WHO, they are soft tissuesarcoma commonly present seldom at cutis. The etiology of such a malignancy is obscurednevertheless it has several predisposing factors like pre-existing pathology but the commonest ofthem is radiation. Mesenchymal malignancies were initially over-diagnosed and were the epicenter ofdiagnostic dilemma to the pathologist, but with the advent of Vimentin staining andimmunohistochemistry, the diagnostic front has fairly advanced for fibrosarcomas. Incidence ofFibrosarcoma in Maxilla accounts for less than 0.1%, when compared to other head and neckmalignancies, and is predominantly found between 2nd to 6th decades of life. Various approacheshave been documented in the literature regarding its treatment, but aggressive surgical excisionremains the mainstay of treating Fibrosarcomas. The role of adjuvant medicinal therapies have beenwell debated but do have a conclusive outcome. Through this article, we want to highlight anddocument a case, which occurred at an exceptionally young age, at a site that had no predisposingfactors but has proven immunohistochemical diagnosis and was rapidly fulminating and aggressivelymalignant. The preoperative diagnosis of the patient was inconclusive reporting it to be amesenchymal tumor, therefore, the patient was treated with the intraoral approach for wide surgicalresection. The surgical specimen was subjected to immunohistochemistry with Vimentin stainingwhich reported it to be a Fibrosarcomas, therefore the patient was advised chemotherapy, yet theprognosis is guarded.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Uzamsal Yetenek Öz-değerlendirme Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BEDİR Duygu , YILMAZ Süha
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırma lisede okuyan öğrencilerin uzamsal yetenek öz değerlendirme düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yaptığımız araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında İzmir ilindeki bir Anadolu Lisesinde 10.ve 11.sınıflarda öğrenim gören 79 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Lise Öğrencilerinin uzamsal yetenek düzeylerini farklı değişkenler açısından incelediğimiz çalışmamızda betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 30 tane çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan Santa Barbara Uzamsal Yetenek Testi ölçme aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 ile analiz edilmiştir. Uzamsal yetenek testinin ortalaması 9,39 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulanan teste göre iç içe geçmiş resimlerin dikey düzlemle kesildiği soruların en fazla doğru cevaplandırıldığı görülmektedir. Bileşik cisimlerin eğik bir düzlemle arakesitinin sorulduğu soruların en az doğru cevaplanan soruların olduğu görülmektedir. Sınıf düzeylerine göre lise öğrencileri arasında uzamsal düşünme düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin uzamsal yetenek düzeylerini okul öncesi eğitim alma durumu gruplarına göre incelendiğinde anlamlı fark (p=0,309 ) olmadığı bulunmuştur.
Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Öğrencilerin Matematiksel Anlamalarının Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Görüşleri: SPUR Yaklaşımı
Authors: ÇELİK GÖRGÜT Rahime , DDDE Yüksel
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, matematik öğretmenlerinin öğrencilerin matematiksel anlamalarını değerlendirmeye yönelik görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden bütüncül çoklu durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın katılımcıları, kolay ulaşılabilir örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenen 12 matematik öğretmeninden oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan matematiksel anlamayı değerlendirme formu ve yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlar aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi ise SPUR (beceri, özellik, kullanma ve temsil) yaklaşımına dayalı olarak yönlendirilmiş içerik analizi yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, matematik öğretmenlerinin öğrencilerin matematiksel anlamalarını değerlendirmelerinde SPUR yaklaşımının boyutlarına (beceri, özellik, kullanma ve temsil) kısmen dikkat ettiklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Ek olarak şimdiki çalışmanın sonuçları, öğretmenlerin değerlendirmelerinde en fazla SPUR yaklaşımının “beceri” boyutuna yer verdiklerini, değerlendirmelerinde diğer SPUR boyutlarına da yer vermek istemelerine rağmen bunu yeterince yapamadıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca çalışma sonuçları, öğretmenlerin öğrencilerinin matematiksel anlamalarını değerlendirmelerinde karşılaştıkları bazı sorunlara da işaret etmektedir.
LİSANS VE LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 VE TOPLUM 5.0 KAVRAMLARI HAKKINDAKİ METAFORİK ALGILARI
Authors: KORKUSUZ Emin , DURAK Gürhan , KORKUSUZ Nihal
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada lisans ve lise öğrencilerinin endüstri 4.0 ve toplum 5.0 kavramlarına ilişkin geliştirdikleri metaforik algılarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Balıkesir Üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte olan Bilgisayar Mühendisliği ve Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknoloji Eğitimi Bölümünde okuyan öğrenciler ile farklı liselerden öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilere demografik bilgilerinin yanı sıra “Endüstri 4.0 …. gibidir. Çünkü, …..” ve “Toplum 5.0 … gibidir. Çünkü, ….” cümlelerini tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Öğrencilerin “Endüstri 4.0” ve “Toplum 5.0” kavramlarına yönelik cümlelerinin çözümlenmesi içerik analizi yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi dokümanların elektronik ortama aktarılması ve ayıklanması, metafor ve gerekçelerin sınıflandırılması, kavramsal kategorilerin geliştirilmesi, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları ve nicel veri analizi aşamalarından oluşmaktadır.
Narciso reflejado: trabajar con la imagen propia en un contexto de confinamiento. Práctica artística con un grupo de estudiantes de Bellas Artes
Authors: Beneyto Ruiz Francisca
Published: January 2021

A continuación presento la descripción de una actividad plástica realizada por un grupo de estudiantes de primero de Bellas Artes de la Universidad Complutense durante el confinamiento vivido en el segundo cuatrimestre del curso 2019-2020. Esta actividad gira en torno al reflejo, el espejo y el mito de Narciso y se desarrolla con los medios impuestos por una situación muy restrictiva de encierro e incertidumbre.
Cartografiar los espacios de relación: La cartografía y el foto-ensayo como instrumento de indagación colectiva
Authors: Aberasturi Apraiz Estibaliz , Sasiain Camarero-Nuñez Alaitz , Gutierrez-Cabello Barragán Aingeru , Correa Gorospe Jose Miguel
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se muestra un estudio visual donde indagamos acerca de cómo nos relacionamos con los espacios en nuestra facultad y qué otras relaciones podríamos provocar a partir de la reflexión conjunta. El marco metodológico elegido es la Investigación Basada en las Artes. Los resultados son imágenes que parten de las producciones audiovisuales obtenidas a partir de las cartografías realizadas por los participantes en distintos talleres. Las producciones visuales realizadas nos permiten abrir nuevos interrogantes acerca de cómo resignificar el espacio social de la propia facultad. Este trabajo contribuye a explorar las siguientes preguntas de investigación ¿Es posible abordar un inicio de proyecto a través de estrategias heredadas de las artes visuales? ¿Se puede pensar o generar un discurso con el empleo de la imagen? Las conclusiones de este proyecto se basan en un foto-ensayo que reflexiona sobre el trabajo desarrollado y reflexiona sobre los resultados obtenidos en el taller de las cartografías.
Processes used in the creation of anthroponyms in Old Hungarian
Authors: Mozga Evelin
Published: January 2021

In the Middle Ages, several name-formation processes played a role in the creation of the anthroponyms in Hungarian. The main name-formation mechanisms were: 1. Semantic name-formation. Within this mechanism, the anthroponym develops through the use of internal elements of the language in such a way that the anthroponymic meaning is created without any change in morphological structure. In Old Hungarian naming practices, the most frequent types of semantic name-formation were: a. metaphoric name-giving (e.g. farkas ʽfarkas’ [wolf] > anthroponym Farkas), b. metonymic name-giving (e.g. when an “instrument” of a profession becomes the name of the person practising the given profession; ökör ʽökör’ [ox] > anthroponym Ökör as the name of a butcher), c. semantic split: e.g. ethnonyms, names of professions, etc., often become anthroponyms without the use of any morphological tool (kovács ʽkovács’ [smith] > anthroponym Kovács). 2. Morphematic construction. In the Old Hungarian period, several suffixes  contributed to the creation of anthroponyms, among which the most common ones were: -d(i) ~ -t(i), -s, -a/-e etc. This  morphological solution was the most important tool for adapting foreign names in the Middle Ages: Petrus in Latin > Petr-i, Pet-e, Pet-i, Pet-es in Hungarian.  3. Syntagmatic construction. This process, through the combination of two existing lexemes, creates an anthroponym composed of two constituents, in which both elements provide a certain  information about the named person. In this essay I provide an overview of the typical name-formation processes characterising the formation of anthroponyms in Old Hungarian.
Nazwy austro-węgierskich jednostek wojskowych. Studium polityki nazewniczej z zakresu chrematonimii wojskowej
Authors: Włoskowicz Wojciech
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to discuss selected formal and pragmatic aspects of the Austro-Hungarian military name policy in the last quarter of the 19th and in the early 20th century. In the introductory section the proprial status of the names of military units (which constitute a part of military chrematonymy) is discussed. An attempt is made to outline the location of these names on the classifi-catory map of chrematonomastics as well. A brief discussion of the historical and terminological background of the Austro-Hungarian military unit names follows. The most important concepts of the theory of name and naming policy are outlined. The presentation of the analysed onymic mate-rial covers unit names included in the officer lists (Schematismen) of the Austro-Hungarian forces as well as names present in the paper seals (Verschlussmarken). On the basis of the material, polymorphism of the discussed names is shown in the sense that obligatory and facultative elements of the names may appear in different ways and within various syntactic name models, depending on the context (including continuous text within which a name is used). Two main syntactic models of the discussed names are proposed. The orthographic and syntactic rules of unit numbering and the ways of embedding geographical names and names of patrons and honorary regiment owners (Inhaber) into unit names are outlined. The meaning and spelling of the expressions imperial-royal (k.k. = kaiserlich-königlich) and imperial and royal (k.u.k. = kaiserlich und königlich) are explained.
Nazwy górnośląskich kawiarni w orbicie kultury konsumpcyjnej
Authors: Łuc Izabela
Published: January 2021

The article discusses one of the categories of marketing chrematonyms  — the names of cafés, which constitute a colourful element of the naming landscape of Upper Silesia. The analysis has several research aims: 1) discovering the naming techniques and types, 2) the presentation of structural models, 3 identifying the changes of meaning and the (con)textual functionality of linguistic units which serve as a commercial medium of evaluation. The names of cafés are presented from the perspective of cultural linguistics, sociolinguistics and pragmalinguistics, as well as the theory of semantic fields. This combined methodological approach enables the author to draw conclusions about marketing chrematonyms in the sphere of culture and language, whereas the structural-semantic analysis of the onymic description of Upper Silesian cafés reveals tendencies that confirm  the fact that naming models are created in a serial way. The material presented indicates that commercial chrematonyms belong to semantically and structurally diversified  naming categories. The structures show the repetitiveness of naming, the tendency for language internalization and the use of native material, including local dialects.
Nazwy stacji drogi krzyżowej (przemiany struktury i funkcji w XX wieku)
Authors: Sieradzka-Mruk Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

The names of stations in the Way of the Cross may be used as titles of pictures and sculptures, each corresponding to a particular event in the Passion of Christ, or as titles of meditations. The article focuses on the second meaning, but the trends of the development of both kinds of names are similar. The study is based on material consisting of about 200 texts of the service that have been published from the beginning of the 20 th century to the present (2020). The purpose of the article is to describe the changes that have taken place in the 20 th century, a period of particularly turbulent changes in religious discourse. The article deals with the function, syntactic structure and features of style, such as the use of archaic or colloquial vocabulary. These properties are considered in connection with social and cultural changes. At the beginning of the analyzed period, it was customary to use relatively long titles, which informed the participant or reader about a particular event using expressive and evaluative lexis. Those titles gradually gave way to short, schematic names. Since the Second Vatican Council, titles of a new type have appeared. Their purpose is to attract the attention of the recipient. They are based on a riddle, a contrast, allusions, etc. Therefore, the recipient derives satisfaction from deciphering the puzzle or finding the source of the quote or allusion. These phenomena are known from research on the language of press or fiction, but they can also be linked to current trends in the so-called new evangelization.
Toponyms and spatial representations
Authors: Reszegi Katalin
Published: January 2021

This paper addresses an interesting issue in name theory, specifically the relationship between toponyms and spatial representations, as well as the cultural differences manifesting themselves in connection with these. Studies have shown that the name model (a general knowledge of names) created based on the mental representation of names is partly language and culture dependent. Thus, the knowledge of the speaker on how reliably the toponyms correlate with the actual features of the landscape or whether they should only be considered as labels identifying an area is culturally determined. This, in turn, influences the extent to which name-users may rely on them in structuring space and in creating a cognitive map.
Podstawowe zasady standaryzacji nazw obiektów fizjograficznych w Polsce. Cz. II
Authors: Wolnicz-Pawłowska Ewa
Published: January 2021

In the second part of the article, the history of standardization programmes concerning the names of physiographic objects is discussed. The basis of the standardization programme currently followed by the Commission on Names of Localities and Physiographic Objects is described. The paper also presents the criteria of linguistic correctness adopted by the previous standardization commissions as well as by the present one. Issues of linguistic correctness of geographical names with dialectal properties and of names borrowed from minority languages are discussed. Attention is paid to some structural discrepancies in the approaches to the issue of correctness taken by the Commission on Names of Localities and Physiographic Objects and by local authorities.
Nazwotwórstwo w języku chińskim
Authors: Kałużyńska Irena
Published: January 2021

There are many ways of choosing or creating a name, the ways of which vary from culture to culture, and from language to language. Chinese onyms are usually constructed of one or more elements, being mostly lexical items (morphemes or words), and retaining in most cases their own lexical meaning in a name, therefore they are usually semantically transparent. However, the “true” significance of some names is sometimes very difficult to discover, and the conclusion is often based upon guesswork. What is evident, Chinese onyms are not random combinations; they usually have a certain underlying significance, reflecting the reason or reasons why particular lexical items are used in the naming process. Chinese researchers usually do not mention “the meaning” of names as a criterion for their semantic divisions. Their classifications are mainly based upon the variously termed “reasons”, “methods”, “motivations”, or “sources of naming”. Therefore, this paper deals with some selected, typical and untypical, “methods” of creating Chinese names, especially given names and place names.
Czy istnieje potrzeba leksykograficznego opracowania terminów antroponomastycznych?
Authors: Górny Halszka
Published: January 2021

The article discusses basic issues related to Polish anthroponomastic terms, their development and frequency, taking into account the variability of terminological units and the co-existence of native and foreign forms (usually Greek or Latin). It presents problems related to defining a term, determining its scope or (in particular cases) status, indicating preferred, permissible or non-recommend- ed variant forms, selection (reduction) of sub-terms, the existence of doublets with a grammatical number, acceptance or rejection of new terms, etc. In the text, among others, the following sources were used: the dictionary “Osnoven sistem i terminologija na slovenskata onomastika” [“Basic system and terminology of Slavic onomastics”] (1983), an article by Mieczysław Karaś “W sprawie polskiej terminologii onomastycznej” [“On Polish onomastic terminology”] (1968), studies by Henryk Górnowicz (1988) and Ewa Jakus-Borkowa (1987), encyclopedia “Polskie nazwy własne” [“Polish proper names”] (1998), the compendium “Słowiańska onomastyka” [“Slavic onomastics”] (2002–2003) and selected articles published in the journal “Onomastica”. The second part of the article presents the history, scope and definitions of the term ethnonym // ethnic name (based on selected compendia, monographs and contributory studies), paying atten- tion to the types of names it covers. In addition, a preliminary structure of an entry in the terminological dictionary has been outlined, including such elements as: the term, its definition, variability // equivalent term, origin // explanation, its English equivalent, examples // usage, context of use, and additional aspects.
E-ÖĞRENME BEDEN EĞİTİMİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARI İÇİN NE İFADE EDİYOR: KARMA YÖNTEM ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: CAN Hasan Ceyhun , ÖZDEMİR Hamdi , TÜRKSOY IŞIM Ayşe
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırma beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının e-öğrenme durumlarının incelenmesini amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçla nicel ve nitel verilerin toplanıldığı karma bir araştırma modeli tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma deseni olarak “yakınsayan paralel desen” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 65 erkek 46 kadın olmak üzere toplam 111 öğretmen adayı katılım sağlamıştır. Örneklem grubu belirlenirken amaçlı örnekleme yaklaşımı olan kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, nicel bölümde araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “kişisel bilgi formu” yanısıra Haznedar ve Baran (2012) tarafından geliştirilen, “e-öğrenmeye yönelik tutum ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Nitel bölümde görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 paket programında çözümlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde normal dağılımı belirleyebilmek için Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi uygulanmış ve test sonucuna göre parametrik istatistiki yöntemlerden yararlanılmıştır. Kullanılan yöntemler, betimsel istatistikler, iki farklı bağımsız değişkenler için t-testi ve ikiden fazla bağımsız değişkenler için tek yönlü (One way) Anova testidir. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise içerik analizi yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen nicel bulgulara göre katılımcıların e- öğrenme tutum ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalamaları ile cinsiyet, internet kullanım amacı ve günlük internet kullanımları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ve okul dışında çalışma anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Nicel bulguları desteklemesi adına elde edilen nitel bulgular incelendiğinde, e-öğrenme ana teması altında; ‘’bilgi durumu’’, ‘’olumlu yönleri’’, ‘’olumsuz yönleri’’ ve ‘’gereklilik durumu’’ olmak üzere dört alt temaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu temalar altında katılımcıların çoğunluğunun e-öğrenme hakkında bilgi sahibi oldukları görülmüştür. Katılımcılar sıklıkla, e-öğrenmenin zaman ve mekan özgürlüğü ile pratiklik konusunda olumlu yönleri olduğunu, fiziki sınıf atmosferi ve anlık dönüt alamama durumlarında ise olumsuz yönleri barındırdığını ifade etmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcılar sıkılıkla, e-öğrenmenin ders içeriğini zenginleştirme, teorik derslerin işlenmesi ve eğitim-öğretim çağına ayak uydurabilmek adına gerekli olduğunu, diğer taraftan sosyal ilişki yetersizliği yaratması, uygulama dersleri eksikliği ve iş imkanlarının alanda azalması e-öğrenmenin eğitim-öğretim esnasında gerekli olmadığını ifade etmiştir.
Psikolojik Danışmanların Mesleki Bağlılıklarının Bir Yordayıcısı Olarak Psikolojik Danışma Öz-Yeterliliği
Authors: DOĞANÜLKÜ Hacı Arif , KIRDÖK Oğuzhan
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı psikolojik danışmanların, psikolojik danışma öz-yeterliklerinin mesleki bağlılıklarını yordayıp yordamadığını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarından ilişkisel model ile kurgulanmıştır. Araştırma grubu Niğde, Adana ve Gaziantep illerinde devlet okullarında ve Rehberlik Araştırma Merkezlerinde görev yapmakta olan 143 kadın ve 103 erkek olmak üzere 246 psikolojik danışmandan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaşları 21 ile 44 arasında değişmektedir. Araştırmada veriler ''Psikolojik Danışma Öz-Yeterliği Ölçeği'', ''Mesleki Bağlılık Ölçeği'' ve ''Kişisel Bilgi Formu'' kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde Pearson Momentler Çarpım Korelasyonu ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda, psikolojik danışma öz-yeterliğinin mesleki bağlılık, duygusal bağlılık, normatif bağlılık, birikmiş maliyetler ve alternatiflerin sınırlılığı üzerinde anlamlı şekilde yordayıcı güce sahip olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Psikolojik danışmanların psikolojik danışma öz-yeterliklerini arttırmak, mesleki bağlılıklarının artmasına da katkıda bulunacaktır. Ulaşılan bulgular ruh sağlığı alanında önemli bir yardım hizmeti olan psikolojik danışma literatürüne katkıda bulunacaktır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular ilgili kuramsal çerçeve ve alan yazında yapılan diğer araştırma sonuçları ile birlikte tartışılmış ve ilgililere önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Healthy Places
Authors: Diaz Moore Keith
Published: January 2021

This 21st century has brought robust attention to the role the environment plays in human health. This article offers a mapping of the theoretical landscape to help orient and potentially connect the diverse research conducted in the areas of healthy places. The premise is that much research has been conducted within the environmental stress approach to understanding the health-environment nexus, but that additional, important work has also been conducted within both a Fit and a Place approach that provide different insights into healthy places. Each approach has its own underlying assumptions regarding the relationship between human and environment, the research questions that should be asked, the type of validity valued and praxeological assumptions. Each approach also has differing affinities with various theories of health that may serve useful in connecting Healthy Place Research to interdisciplinary research endeavors. Here it is asserted that the concepts and models of allostatic load, salutogenesis and cumulative (dis)advantage hold great promise for connecting Healthy Place Research to robust fields of health inquiry.