bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salinity-tolerant dwarf cashew rootstock has better ionic homeostasis and morphophysiological performance of seedlings
Authors: Sousa Valéria F. de O. , Santos Gisele L. dos , Maia Josemir M. , Maia Júnior Sebastião de O. , Santos João P. de O. , Costa José E. , Silva Anselmo F. da , Dias Thiago J. , Ferreira-Silva Sérgio L. , Taniguchi Carlos A. K.
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT Considering the cashew tree’s relevance and the limitations imposed by salinity stress in semi-arid regions, the use of alternatives capable of mitigating the harmful effects due to salinity is of great importance to the production sector. The use of grafted plants, especially with rootstock made of tolerant materials, influences the accumulation of toxic ions in leaves of grafted seedlings. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate morphophysiological characteristics and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 of combinations of scion and rootstock of early dwarf cashew, contrasting in terms of salinity tolerance. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replicates, in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four dwarf cashew scion/rootstock combinations (self-graft CCP 09, CCP 09/CCP 76, self-graft CCP 76, and CCP 76/CCP 09) and three NaCl concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mM L-1). Height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry matter, tolerance index and leaf concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca+2 were evaluated after 30 days of application of NaCl concentrations. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 showed tolerance to 50 mM L-1, due to the increase of leaf area and number of leaves. The scion/rootstock combination CCP 76/09 was more suitable, as it kept the leaf K+ concentration and had the lowest Na+ concentration.
Preventive Measures For pressure injuries: structure of social representations of nursing teams
Authors: Almeida Rosa Maria Ferreira de , Tura Luiz Fernando Rangel , Silva Rafael Celestino da
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the structure of social representations on the preventive measures to pressure injury of nursing teams. Method: Qualitative research, based on the structural approach of Social Representations. It was conducted with 103 nursing professionals from a specialized hospital, using the Word Association Test. Data were submitted to prototypical analysis, using two analysis techniques of centrality, similarity and double negation. Results: The evocations “care” and “decubitus” made up the central core of the representation, which was structured based on the imagery dimension of changing position, from which a hierarchy of preventive measures occurs. The term “care” referred to the normative dimension of representation as a responsibility of nursing, and to the practical dimension, as preventive actions with the use of technologies. Conclusion: The image, normative and practice dimensions are part of the representation structure and guide compliance with preventive measures.
Medidas preventivas à lesão por pressão: estrutura das representações sociais da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Almeida Rosa Maria Ferreira de , Tura Luiz Fernando Rangel , Silva Rafael Celestino da
Published: October 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a estrutura das representações sociais sobre as medidas preventivas à lesão por pressão da equipe de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, pautada na abordagem estrutural das Representações Sociais. Foi realizada com 103 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital especializado utilizando-se a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras. Os dados foram submetidos à análise prototípica, e empregou-se duas técnicas de análise da centralidade, de similitude e da dupla negação. Resultados: As evocações “cuidado” e “decúbito” compuseram o núcleo central da representação, que se estruturou com base na dimensão imagética da mudança do decúbito, a partir da qual ocorre uma hierarquização das medidas preventivas. O termo “cuidado” remeteu à dimensão normativa da representação como uma responsabilidade da enfermagem, e à dimensão prática, pelas ações preventivas com o emprego de tecnologias. Conclusão As dimensões da imagem, normativa e da prática integram a estrutura da representação e orientam a adesão às medidas preventivas.
Determinantes da demanda do setor automobilístico brasileiro: uma análise empírica
Authors: Pagani Pedro Augusto Silva , Firme Vinícius de Azevedo Couto , Santos Matheus de Assis Duarte
Published: October 2022

Resumo Este trabalho usou modelos ARDL para analisar a demanda por veículos no Brasil entre janeiro/2012 e dezembro/2019. Os resultados indicam que desvalorizações cambiais, reduções no IPI e aumentos no PIB, na oferta de crédito (para aquisição veicular), no risco-Brasil e na confiança do consumidor estimulariam a demanda. Alternativamente, aumentos nos juros, nos preços de veículos novos e usados e no custo dos combustíveis tenderiam a diminuí-la. Acredita-se que: a) a demanda por veículos populares seja mais sensível aos preços; b) os clientes da Ford possuam preferências distintas; c) combustíveis mais caros estimulem a procura por maior autonomia veicular; d) as marcas com linhas próprias de crédito dependam menos dos juros; e) a Toyota atraia clientes em momentos de incerteza. Ademais, notou-se similaridade entre os consumidores da GM, Fiat, Toyota e Peugeot-Citroën e discrepância entre os da Volkswagen e Nissan, Honda e CAOA e Ford e Hyundai.
Chronic back pain among Brazilian adults: data from the 2019 National Health Survey
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Ribeiro Edmar Geraldo , Ferreira Erica de Matos Reis , Pinto Rafael Zambelli , Pereira Cimar Azeredo
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic back pain (CBP) and its associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the 2019 National Health Survey, with 88,531 adults, using logistic regression to identify associated factors. Results: CBP was reported by 21.6% of adults and was more likely to occur among women (odds ratio — OR=1.27; 95% confidence interval — 95%CI 1.19–1.35), increased with age: 25–34 years (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11–1.51), 35–44 (OR=1.78; 95%CI 1.54–2.07), 45–54 years (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.91–2.59), 55–64 years (OR=2.47; 95%CI 2.12–2.88), and 65 years or older (OR=2.17; 95%CI 1.85–2.54); among smokers (OR=1.24; 95%CI 1.13–1.35); ex-smokers (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.21–1.39); those who mentioned heavy housework (OR=1.41; 95%CI 1.31–1.53); obesity (OR=1.12; 95%CI 1.03–1.21); hypertension (OR=1.21; 95%CI 1.11–1.32); high cholesterol (OR=1.53; 95%CI 1.42–1.65); with self-rated health — with a very good reference — in the gradients: good (OR=1.38; 95%CI 1.23–1.55), regular (OR=2.64; 95%CI 2.34–2.98), poor (OR=4.24; 95%CI 3.64–4.94), and very poor (OR=5.24; 95%CI 4.13–6.65); its likelihood was lower in adults with complete elementary school/incomplete high school (OR=0.82; 95%CI 0.75–0.90) and complete high school/incomplete higher education (OR=0.87; 95%CI 0.81–0.95). Conclusion: Back pain has a high prevalence and shows associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and self-rated health.
ANÁLISES E REFLEXÕES SOBRE A PRESENÇA DO REFERENCIAL EPISTEMOLÓGICO PRIGOGINIANO NAS TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES DA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Sousa Thiago Weslei de Almeida , Queirós Wellington Pereira de , Pires Dario Xavier
Published: October 2022

RESUMO: Nesta investigação - parte constituinte de uma pesquisa doutoral - pretendemos localizar e analisar a utilização do referencial prigoginiano nos trabalhos de Educação em Ciências. Analisamos trabalhos de conclusão de cursos stricto sensu (teses e dissertações), que apresentavam o pensamento-Prigogine como objeto de estudo ou como referencial teórico na área de Educação em Ciências. Para tal, a fonte documental escolhida foi o Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes. A pesquisa consistiu na aplicação da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) no corpus da nossa investigação, em que fomos direcionados pela pergunta fenomenológica “o que é isto que se mostra da utilização do referencial prigoginiano nas pesquisas em Educação em Ciências?”. Tivemos como resultado quatro categorias, as quais são apresentadas e discutidas por meio de metatextos. Observamos que duas dessas categorias carregam uma perspectiva de discussão mais filosófica em sua composição, ao passo que as outras duas categorias se atêm à discussão da localização do referencial prigoginiano nas estruturas das pesquisas que integram o corpus desta investigação. Confirmamos que, apesar da sua relevância, o referencial prigoginiano é pouco ou quase nada utilizado no campo de Educação em Ciências. Por outro lado, argumentamos sobre o quão inovadora, necessária e desafiadora será a construção de trabalhos no campo educacional que tenham Prigogine como referencial teórico.
Hipertensão arterial no transplante renal: grande importância, mas poucas respostas
Authors: Rebelo Rafael Naufel de Sá , Rodrigues Cibele Isaac Saad
Published: October 2022

Resumo Hipertensão arterial (HA) no póstransplante renal (TXR) se correlaciona com piores desfechos cardiovasculares e renais, com perda de função renal, diminuição da sobrevida do enxerto e maior mortalidade. Receptores de TXR apresentam valores discrepantes de pressão arterial (PA) quando ela é obtida em consultório ou por metodologias sistematizadas, como a Monitorização Ambulatorial da PA (MAPA), com prevalências significantes de ausência de descenso noturno ou hipertensão noturna, hipertensão do avental branco e hipertensão mascarada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi rever a temática da hipertensão no TXR, abordando sua fisiopatologia multifatorial e demonstrando a importância da MAPA como ferramenta de acompanhamento da PA nesses pacientes. O tratamento é baseado em mudanças no estilo de vida e em fármacos anti-hipertensivos, sendo os bloqueadores de canais de cálcio considerados de primeira linha. A melhor meta pressórica e o tratamento com desfechos mais favoráveis no TXR ainda estão por ser determinados, por meio de estudos bem conduzidos cientificamente, ou seja, em termos de HA no TXR temos atualmente mais questões a responder do que respostas a dar.
Josephine Baker e Mercedes Baptista: casos de representações da mulher negra na dança
Authors: Baker Julia , Navas Cássia
Published: October 2022

RESUMO A partir da análise da trajetória de duas bailarinas, Josephine Baker e Mercedes Baptista, o artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do conceito de estereótipos de Stuart Hall. Por serem mulheres negras, categorias eram aplicadas às suas movimentações sem maior profundidade: para Josephine, identificação com danças primitivas; para Mercedes, a falta de reconhecimento de um corpo negro em destaque na dança clássica. As formas como elas lideram com estereótipos e se tornaram agentes de seus corpos, além das marcas que deixaram na sociedade ocidental, serão aqui objetos de análise.
Home language environment in relation to language outcome in Brazilian toddlers who are hard of hearing and controls with typical hearing – a pilot study including reliability analyses of the LENA recording system
Authors: Ferreira Miriam da Silva , Levy Cilmara Cristina Alves da Costa , Löfkvist Ulrika
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the home language environment and language outcome of Brazilian toddlers who were hard of hearing, (HH) and controls with typical hearing (TH), and investigate the reliability of using the LENA recording system within a Brazilian Portuguese context. Methods Fourteen families participated in the study (seven children who were HH and seven controls with TH. Each family contributed with one all-day recording. A smaller portion of the recordings of the typically hearing toddlers were manually transcribed by two transcribers. An interrater agreement was conducted, and then the human transcript results were compared against the LENA-generated data for three measures: Adult Words (AW), Child Vocalizations (CV) and Conversational Turns (CT). Results Data analyses revealed a moderate to strong interrater agreement for CV and AW. Weak to moderate agreement was found between the LENA estimates and the means of the human counts for CV and AW. Seemingly, LENA overestimated human counts for AW and underestimated numbers of CV. Comparative analysis suggested similarities in the language and listening environment of the two groups (TH vs. HoH). Children’s language development was supported by higher numbers of parent-child interactions (CT). Conclusion The findings imply that LENA may contribute as an ecologically valid tool in preventive family-centered intervention programs for Brazilian toddlers who are hard of hearing and their families, although further validation studies are needed.
Como “dar o care” para quem “não tem o home”? Deficiência e judicialização de cuidados domiciliares em saúde
Authors: Pedrete Leonardo do Amaral
Published: October 2022

Resumo Que mediações morais e técnicas emergem nas práticas de mobilização do sistema de justiça brasileiro em busca de saúde? Tal questionamento emergiu em uma pesquisa que acompanhou demandas de internação em instituições de longa permanência e home care por parte de pessoas com condições crônicas e deficiência na região de Santa Maria (RS), cidade tida como capital brasileira da judicialização da saúde. Entrevistas em profundidade e análise de documentos e decisões judiciais permitiram identificar a circulação de moralidades e tecnicalidades jurídicas ligadas a (in)capacidade, deficiência, (in)dependência e cuidado que circulam nas práticas e discursos das pessoas demandantes e dos agentes públicos (e privados) que lidam cotidianamente com demandas de cuidados domiciliares em saúde. Os achados da pesquisa apontam para uma arena de controvérsias morais e técnicas que desestabilizam dicotomias como saúde/social e privado/público.
ANALYTIC HEAT AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT OF MHD REACTIVE MIXED CONVECTION FLOW OVER A HORIZONTAL POROUS STRETCHING SHEET WITH MULTIPLE SLIPS
Authors: Swain Bharat Keshari , Nayak Ameeya Kumar
Published: October 2022

The present paper interprets the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow with heat and mass transfer over a stretching sheet embedded in a horizontal porous medium. The effects of viscous and Darcy dissipation, heat source, and chemical reaction is elaborately discussed in the presence of multiple slip effects for velocity, temperature, and concentration. Introducing a similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear, coupled partial differential equations. The asymptotic analytical solutions are obtained by using double-parameter transformation perturbation techniques and, compared with the numerical results and the verification of the computational code made with the earlier works, serves as the benchmark of reliability of the present study. The important findings reported herein are: porosity acts as an aiding force for the fluid velocity, more dissipative heat leads to higher velocity and temperature, chemical reaction parameter adversely affects the concentration. The main motivation behind this study is to perform the fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer analysis of a Newtonian fluid with mixed MHD flow, which has important applications in many industries, in particular, the process of extrusion/layer of fluid dispersed with solutal particles is extruded over other materials to increase the strength and durability of the final product.
Türkçe Dil Bilgisi Öğretimine Bütüncül Bir Yaklaşım: Dil Bilgisiyle İlgili Kazanımların Program ve Ders Kitaplarındaki Görünümleri
Authors: ALBAYRAK Fatma
Published: October 2022

Temelde anlama ve anlatma becerilerini geliştirmeyi hedefleyen Türkçe eğitimi alanında, söz varlığı ve dil bilgisi öğretimiyle doğru orantılı bir programlama ve süreç tasarımına ihtiyaç duyulur. Bu araştırmada, Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programındaki dil bilgisi öğrenme alanıyla ilişkili kazanımların beceri alanlarına dağılımı ve ders kitaplarındaki etkinliklerde görünüm sıklığı, etkinlik tasarımlarında tercih edilen yöntem/tekniklerin niteliği ve ele alınan konuların dağılımını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Nitel olarak planlanan araştırmada veriler, doküman analizi yöntemiyle elde edilmiş; veri kaynakları 2019 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı ve 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında okutulan 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarından oluşturulmuştur. Doküman analizi tekniğiyle yapılan incelemede; programda, dil bilgisi öğrenme alanına giren kazanımların, sözcüklerin anlam boyutlarının tüm sınıf düzeylerinde kazandırılmasını destekleyenler ağırlıkta olmakla birlikte, dilin yapısal boyutlarının sınıf düzeylerine göre aşamalı olarak işlendiği ve tüm ders kitaplarında karşılık bulduğu görülmüştür. Dil bilgisi öğrenme alanıyla ilgili etkinliklerde kimi zaman iç içe geçen otuz sekiz farklı tekniğin kullanıldığı; bunların ağırlıklı olarak metin, cümle, sözcük/sözcük gruplarının yanı sıra paragraf, film/video, görsellere dayandırıldığı görülmüştür.
Considerations regarding the use of the discount window to support economic activity through a funding for lending program
Authors: Carlson Mark , Zarutskie Rebecca
Published: October 2022

This paper considers the use of the Federal Reserve’s ability to provide loans to depository institutions under its discount window lending authority in support of achieving its monetary policy objectives through a funding for lending program. Broadly, a funding for lending program could be structured as one in which the Federal Reserve makes ample low-cost funding available to banks or a program in which the Federal Reserve only provides low-cost funding conditional on the banks meeting certain lending targets. We provide a general description of how a funding for lending program could be structured along each of these lines and review important considerations, costs, and benefits of any such program. We also review the literature regarding various lending programs implemented previously in the United States by a variety of agencies and abroad by foreign central banks that shed light on the potential effectiveness of funding for lending programs.
Estágios de mudança de comportamento para a prática de atividades físicas e indicadores de obesidade em professores universitários
Authors: Cabral Luana Loss , Diesel Denis Antônio Figueredo , Cavazzotto Timothy Gustavo , Ferreira Sandra Aires , Queiroga Marcos Roberto
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: verificar o comportamento para a prática de atividade física (AF) e seu impacto nos indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em professores universitários. Método: oitenta docentes foram selecionados aleatoriamente (40 homens e 40 mulheres) e após o auto relato da massa corporal (MC) e da estatura, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi determinado e utilizado como indicador de obesidade. A medida de circunferência da cintura (CC) foi empregada como indicador de adiposidade abdominal e o comportamento para a atividade física foi definido a partir dos estágios de mudança de comportamento (EMC). Resultados: os dados indicaram uma maior prevalência das professoras do que dos professores para inatividade física. Entretanto, enquanto a maioria dos homens foi classificada na faixa de sobrepeso, as mulheres foram classificadas na faixa de normalidade para o IMC. E para a distribuição de adiposidade identificada pela CC, aproximadamente 18% das mulheres e 20% dos homens demonstraram valores superiores daqueles desejados para a saúde. Considerações finais: o EMC teve um impacto nos indicadores antropométricos de obesidade somente para o sexo masculino.
The Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 in the Context of Health Research: Enabler of Privacy Rights or Roadblock?
Authors: Swales Lee
Published: October 2022

Data is an exceptionally valuable asset – it is a fundamental part of the information age and is widely regarded as the world's most valuable resource. A key issue that has caused some debate in South Africa in recent times relates to the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA), and whether the Act requires broad or specific consent in the context of health research. The primary purpose of this article will be to answer the following question: does POPIA require broad or specific consent from persons who take part in health research? In a health research context, POPIA must be considered together with, inter alia, the National Health Act 61 of 2003 (NHA), and the Health Professions Act 56 of 1974 (HPA). As a point of departure, in terms of the NHA, health research requires the informed consent of participants. Informed consent has been a part of South African law for almost one hundred years, and gives effect to an individual's dignity and autonomy. The NHA does not directly distinguish between types of consent, but the Department of Health's second edition of Ethics in Health Research: Principles, Processes and Structures (the DoH Ethical Guidelines) does. The practice of broad consent is not only endorsed by the DoH Ethical Guidelines but encouraged. However, unlike the medical-legal framework, POPIA – which should be referred to as the privacy framework, or "privacy layer" in relation to data compliance in health research – requires consent to be specific as well as informed. If one considers the applicable sections of POPIA, and South Africa's interpretive tools and jurisprudence, it is apparent that consent in health research should as a matter of best practice be specific.
Die Toepassing van die Wet op Beroepsgesondheid en -Veiligheid en ander Veiligheidsmaatreëls by Skole se Tegnologiewerkswinkels / The Application of the Occupational Health and Safety Act and other Safety Measures at Schools' Technology Workshops
Authors: Smit Marius H
Published: October 2022

Empirical research conducted by education researchers over a period of approximately 20 years confirms that uncertainty exists whether the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) apply to technology workshops at academic, technical and special schools; whether compliance with the safety provisions of the OHSA is lacking; and whether serious injuries at technology workshops at schools occur from time to time. A comparative study of foreign law regarding occupational safety at technology workshops at high schools confirms that many countries have national or federal occupational safety and health statutes that apply to workplaces as well as public schools, although some have specific statutes or regulations addressing occupational safety at public schools. Countries like Germany, the Netherlands and some states of the United States of America define school-going children and students as "workers" in terms of their occupational safety legislation. Germany includes all school-going children in its statutory accident insurance scheme to provide for faultless compensation in case of injury. In determining whether the OHSA applies to technical workshops at high schools, the fundamental rights, as well as its spirit and purport, must be considered through the prism of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Applying the traditional literalist-cum-intentionalist approach to the interpretation of the OHSA, the conclusion is that this Act does indeed apply to technology workshops at schools. In terms of section 60(1)(a) of the South African Schools Act state liability for damages occurring as a result of school activities does provide essential legal protection. However, the South African Schools Act, school safety policies and school infrastructure regulations do not make explicit provision for the application of health and safety standards at school premises that use potentially dangerous machinery and equipment in places such as technical workshops and science laboratories. It is therefore recommended that the OHSA, the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act, the Schools Act and the School Infrastructure Regulations be amended to provide legal certainty in respect of the application of occupational safety to technical workshops at high schools.
"In Which the Partners Undertook Reciprocal Duties of Support" – A Discussion of the Phrase as Used in Bwanya v Master of the High Court, Cape Town
Authors: Barratt Amanda
Published: October 2022

In December 2021 the Constitutional Court delivered judgment in Bwanya v Master of the High Court, Cape Town. The court ruled that survivors of life-partnerships "in which the partners undertook reciprocal duties of support" would be entitled to claim benefits under the Maintenance of Surviving Spouses Act (the MSSA) and the Intestate Succession Act (the ISA). This case note focusses on the phrase "in which the partners undertook reciprocal duties of support." It examines the jurisprudential development of the phrase through the case law. It considers whether reliance on the phrase is likely to present an obstacle to potential claimants or whether the phrase can be interpreted in a way that broadens the protection provided by the MSSA and ISA so as to ensure that all vulnerable partners can be protected.
The note suggests that the optimal way in which to interpret the requirement that the life-partners had undertaken reciprocal duties of support would be to focus on the claimant's needs and financial dependence and to assess how the law can provide protection and redress to those who have incurred relationship-induced dependence as a consequence of the particular form and nature of the reciprocal support provided in the intimate relationship. Previous court judgments have noted the typically gendered nature of the contributions made by family members. The law must ensure that it furthers the constitutional goal of achieving substantive equality between men and women, while also acknowledging and responding to the intersectional forms that discrimination and disadvantage assumes.
Debunking the Master of the High Court's Assumed Approval Authority Over a Redistribution Agreement in a Deceased Estate
Authors: Van Wyk Susandra
Published: October 2022

A redistribution agreement is one of the available methods to assist the executor in winding up a deceased estate. It may be used to overcome impractical situations and/or statutory limitations that might occur during the estate administration process. The heirs and legatees and, in some instances, a surviving spouse may then agree to the reshuffling of their inheritance awards. The Chief Registrar of Deeds issued a directive that places a burden on the Master of the High Court in approving the "acceptance" of the agreement as part of the registration application for the transfer of immovable inheritance property. This was in response to a legal opinion from the office of the Chief State Law Advisor, incorporated in a 2010 internal Master's directive on instruction of the Chief Master. It directed that a redistribution agreement is deemed enforceable only after the Master "duly examined and approved" its legality. However, the Master's practice of approving a redistribution agreement is not a rule of law and cannot supersede the provisions of a statute. This article investigates whether the Master, as a "creature of statute", is acting within the parameters of its statutory administrative acts and functions involving a redistribution agreement.
Impact of COVID-19 on surgical specialist training as quantified by trainee complication rates for cataract surgery
Authors: Steffen J , Mustak H
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Reduction in elective surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted surgical specialist training. Posterior capsule rupture rate (PCR), a complication of cataract surgery, is an objective measure of the quality of ophthalmic surgery. This study aimed to compare PCR pre- and post-COVID-19 in trainees and consultants METHODS: A single-centre consecutive cases series of cataract surgeries performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, between 1 February 2017 and 31 May 2021 were analysed. Our main outcome measure was the effect of the volume of cataract surgeries on PCRs between ophthalmology trainees and consultants before and after the COVID-19 reduction in elective surgeries on 23 March 2020 RESULTS: During the study period, 4 157 cataract surgeries were performed (3 493 in the 38 months pre-COVID-19 and 664 in the 14 months post-COVID-19). Fourteen ophthalmology trainees and six consultants performed 2 919 and 1 238 cataract surgeries, respectively. In the trainees the PCR was 4.4% pre-COVID-19 and 10.0% post-COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 2.44; p < 0.001; CI 1.71-3.47; relative risk [RR] 2.29). The PCR of consultants remained unchanged with a PCR of 3.4% pre- and post-COVID-19 (OR 1.02; p = 0.97; CI 0.42-2.46; RR 1.02 CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has caused a marked reduction in the volume of cataract surgery which has resulted in a deterioration in the performance of trainees, but not consultants, and quantifies the negative impact of the pandemic on surgical training in ophthalmology. This highlights the need to develop plans to improve surgical training during the COVID-19 recovery period
A clinician-run 3D-printing laboratory for orthopaedic preoperative planning: an illustrative case series
Authors: Venter R , Kotze L , Ferreira N
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic surgery often benefits from innovation in biomedical engineering, with 3D printing being one of the latest examples. Proving cost-effectiveness and improved clinical outcomes remains challenging. Because of the reduced cost and increased accessibility, it has been possible to start an orthopaedic 3D-printing laboratory in a South African tertiary hospital, exploring the place for this emergent technology in orthopaedic practice. This case series aims to illustrate the clinical use of 3D-printed anatomical models and investigate the time and cost involved in their manufacture METHODS: The design and manufacturing process is discussed, and a retrospective descriptive case series is presented of all models manufactured from January 2020 to April 2021. Using three illustrative cases, we elaborate on two main usage situations: intraoperative reference models (haptic maps) or rehearsal and templating (simulation models RESULTS: In the study, 3D-printed anatomical models were manufactured for 16 patients. For 12 patients, these were simulation models, and for the other four patients, haptic maps were made. The mean time for manufacture was 33 hours (range 8-62), and the median cost per patient was ZAR 3 257.62 (range ZAR 927.17 to ZAR 7 177.09 CONCLUSION: Considering the decreasing cost and ease of using 3D-printing technology, starting a clinician-run orthopaedic 3D-printing laboratory at a South African training hospital has become possible. In this series we illustrate how 3D printing has been used at our unit for planning and rehearsal of a wide range of orthopaedic cases, and we establish a baseline of time and cost expenditure. The cost-effectiveness of implementing 3D-printing technology in everyday orthopaedic practice warrants further investigation Level of evidence: Level 5
The variability of palm print ridge density among Egyptians regarding distribution and sex discrimination
Authors: Ramadan Nazih , Ahmed Asmaa Mohamed Sayed
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Sex determination, as a part of the biological profile of a victim or assailant, plays an important role in resolving different forensic cases as it reduces susceptibility to its half (fifty percent). Previous studies highlighted the role of palm print in sex identification, however, these studies were little when compared to fingerprints.
AIM: To estimate the density of palm print ridges and to make an equation for establishing gender using gender parameters for a specific population (Egyptians).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 200 healthy young adults (113 males and 87 males, aged 1822 years) from Cairo city, Egypt. The palm prints were taken by inking method and four areas of the palm print were analyzed to count the ridge density of each palm print area.
RESULTS: Females describe higher ridge density than males in all palm areas with a significant high statistical difference (p 0.001) for all areas of both hands. The areas of highest sexual discriminatory power for the right palm was Palmar area 4 (P4) and for the left palm was Palmar area 1 (P1) and sex could be accurately identified at an accuracy of 70%. In addition, there was a significant correlation for ridge density in each palm area and other palm areas.
CONCLUSION: The current study raises hope for the usage of palm print a newly added tool for sex identification in the forensic field, thus decreasing suspicion by fifty percent.
Adapting Fingerprints Within the NSW Police Force: An Historical Examination of the Geographical Barriers and Implications for Rural and Regional Policing
Authors: Wise Jenny , Wise Nathan
Published: October 2022

In the 1890s and 1900s, societies in Western nations, and in particular densely populated cities like London and Paris, became overtly concerned with the need to identify ‘habitual criminals’. In response, in 1903, NSW became the first Australian state to develop a designated fingerprint section or bureau within their police force, which, following international trends, was very much focused on metropolitan NSW. According to Cauchi and Knepper (2009), fingerprint technology as a form of criminal identification “was the mark of cosmopolitan police organization” (p. 74). Criminal identification was principally identified as a problem in the rapidly growing cities, and thus, fingerprinting resources were directed to those areas. As a result, for the first few decades of use, fingerprint identification in rural and regional areas was limited. For example, only officers in metropolitan NSW were trained in fingerprint identification and comparison methods, and police around regional NSW were expected to take finger-print exhibits to metropolitan areas for analysis. The limitations in technology available during the initial period of fingerprinting resulted in regional NSW police facing more barriers to the use of fingerprint identification technology than their metropolitan counterparts. To understand these barriers and the limitations of fingerprinting in rural areas, this paper explores the initial introduction of fingerprinting into the NSW Police system from 1903-1930, focusing upon the challenges and barriers experienced by regional police agencies in using what is now one of the most common forensic identification tools available to police worldwide.
Farm Crime and Farmer-Police Relationships in Rural Australia
Authors: Mulrooney Kyle , Harkness Alistair , Nolan Huw
Published: October 2022

This article presents select findings from ‘farm crime’ victimisation surveys undertaken in the two most populous Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria. We examine the findings in relation to farmer crime victimisation, their willingness to report crime, and their worry about crime, as well as farmer perspectives on policing generally and the policing of farm crime specifically. In both states, there are high levels of victimisation, high levels of worry, low- to mid-levels of confidence in the police, and there remains a gap between experiences of farm crime and reporting. Both states have police tasked specifically with addressing farm crime. The Victoria Police have Farm Crime Liaison Officers that specialise in assisting with farm related crimes, however this is a voluntary role which forms part of an officer’s larger workload. By contrast, the New South Wales Police Force Rural Crime Prevention Team is a dedicated team consisting of specialised rural crime investigators and intelligence practitioners focused on proactive and preventative interventions in farm crime. Farmers in both states were surveyed regarding their awareness and engagement with these rural policing teams, and we examined how this may shape victimisation, reporting, worry and the relationships between police and farmers. In New South Wales, awareness and direct contact with rural crime police led to both increased satisfaction with police and crime reporting. Respondents with awareness of this team also express significantly less worry of crime, whilst those with direct contact did not. We conclude the article by discussing and contextualising these findings within rural criminology and considering ways forward for the policing of farm crime.
Introduction to Volume 7, Issue 1 (Special Issue)
Authors: Peterson Jessica Rene , Mulrooney Kyle J.D.
Published: October 2022

No abstract available.
Tcherly:
Authors: Chavan Pankaj , Mitra Ritayan
Published: October 2022

The use of online video lectures in universities, primarily for content delivery and learning, is on the rise. Instructors’ ability to recognize and understand student learning experiences with online video lectures, identify particularly difficult or disengaging content and thereby assess overall lecture quality can inform their instructional practice related to such lectures. This paper introduces Tcherly, a teacher-facing dashboard that presents class-level aggregated time series data on students’ self-reported cognitive-affective states they experienced during a lecture. Instructors can use the dashboard to evaluate and improve their instructional practice related to video lectures. We report the detailed iterative prototyping design process of the Tcherly Dashboard involving two stakeholders (instructors and designers) that informed various design decisions of the dashboard, and also provide usability and usefulness data. We demonstrate, with real-life examples of Tcherly Dashboard use generated by the researchers based on data collected from six courses and 11 lectures, how the dashboard can assist instructors in understanding their students’ learning experiences and evaluating the associated instructional materials.
Youth Outdoor Recreation Experience, Race, and Socioeconomic Status: Explaining Connection to Nature and Future Career Interest
Authors: Lackey N. Qwynne , Meerts-Brandsma Lisa , Rose Jeff
Published: October 2022

The outdoor recreation industry faces the challenge of recruiting the next generation of professionals. This study examined factors that may influence young adults’ interest in outdoor recreation careers, including participation in organized and unorganized outdoor recreation as a youth, connection to nature (CTN), racial identity, and socioeconomic status (SES). An online questionnaire was distributed using a Qualtrics panel, and criterion sampling was used to ensure the sample included participants with approximately equal representation across racial identity and SES categories. Participation in unorganized recreation, CTN, and SES were found to be significant predictors of interest in outdoor recreation careers. Additionally, participation in organized recreation was found to be a significant negative predictor of CTN, while participation in unorganized recreation and racial identity were significant positive predictors of CTN, and CTN had a small mediating effect on the relationship between unorganized recreation participation and interest in outdoor recreation careers.
Surgical Treatment Options for Female Infertility
Authors: ÖZEL Mustafa Kemal , ÇETİN M.turan
Published: October 2022

Infertility, defined as failure to achieve pregnancy within 12 months of unprotected intercourse or therapeutic donor insemination in women younger than 35 years or within 6 months in women older than 35 years, affects up to 15% of couples. An infertility evaluation may be offered to any patient who by definition has infertility or is at high risk of infertility. Hysterosalpingography, hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography, saline infusion sonohysterography, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, and bacteriological and endocrinological examinations that will be made after these studies aim to focus more on the causes of infertility. With the development of assisted reproductive technology, the need for major reproductive surgery, which may be necessary for the primary treatment of infertility, has decreased over the years. Surgical methods are mainly considered as laparoscopic and hysteroscopic techniques. However, laparotomy is also rarely required and may be needed in cases such as adhesions, mass lesions, unsuccessful surgeries, or emergency surgery. When a surgical treatment is planned for infertile patients who required surgery, it is very crucial that the procedure should be performed by experienced surgeons. In this review, pathologies that require surgery for infertility treatment and surgical methods that can be applied to infertile patients were discussed, rather than medical treatments.
Optimizing Female Infertility in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: ÇAĞLAR AYTAÇ Pınar
Published: October 2022

Premature ovarian failure is a complex pathology with numerous etiologies and multiple system sequelae resulting for early deprivation of ovarian sex hormones. In the studies to determine the etiology, it is seen that many patients are in the unexplained group. On the other hand, genetic predisposition and autoimmune cause of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) are the most common known etiologic causes. Early diagnosis and energetic treatment are important in order to prevent symptoms related to estrogen deficiency. Initiating hormone replacement therapy as soon as possible will prevent menopausal symptoms and reduce long-term complications in women. Another important problem in these patients is infertility, which occurs due to ovarian failure. In fact, fertility, which begins to decrease before menstrual irregularity, turns into infertility with a rapid decline in the number of follicles in the following period. Here, the detection of patients at risk and appropriately timed fertility preservation treatments (such as freezing of oocyte, embryo, or ovarian tissue) or assisted reproductive techniques can be offered. Besides this, studies like stem cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and in vitro activation of ovarian tissue in patients with POI are recent and still investigational but may be promising in the future. In the present review, the current pathophysiology and treatment options of premature ovarian failure were discussed.
Political liberalism and political emotions – an unlikely alliance? On Martha Nussbaum’s approach to stability
Authors: Lisowska Urszula
Published: October 2022

The paper offers a type of internal criticism of Martha Nussbaum’s liberal political philosophy. On the one hand, Nussbaum’s claims to political liberalism (as defined by Rawls) are questioned. It is argued that her capabilities-based liberalism remains committed to a broader, primarily Aristotelian account of the human condition. As a result, it exceeds the limits imposed by political liberalism with its focus on citizenship and non-comprehensive foundations of political regimes. On the other hand, the paper argues that Nussbaum’s project can meet the basic normative objective of political liberalism. That is to say, it offers a convincing solution to the question: how can liberal values be stable in a society, given that liberalism endorses the plurality of acceptable normative doctrines? Nussbaum is able to address this issue, because her rich philosophical commitments allow her to complement liberal tenets with a compatible account of practical reasoning complementary. The paper focuses on one of the elements of this conception, i.e. Nussbaum’s theory of emotions and their role in a political culture.
W jaki sposób podatki mogą pomóc w ochronie środowiska?
Authors: Neneman Jarosław
Published: October 2022

Gospodarka rynkowa sterowana systemem cen, oparta na prywatnej własności czynników produkcji, konkurencji, motywie zysku i maksymalizacji użyteczności może być skutecznie i efektywnie wykorzystana do ochrony środowiska. Kluczową kwestią jest stworzenie odpowiednich bodźców rynkowych dla konsumentów i producentów. Istotną rolę odgrywać może system podatkowy, który z jednej strony dostarczał będzie środków finansowych na działania ekologiczne, a z drugiej, nie mniej istotnej, choć powszechnie niedocenianej, będzie internalizował negatywne efekty zewnętrzne za pomocą podatku Pigou. Instrumenty rynkowe takie jak podatki, opłaty systemy handlu pozwoleniami na emisję oraz subsydia pozwalają realizować cele ochrony środowiska w sposób efektywniejszy (to znaczy osiągać zamierzone cele w niższymi nakładami) niż instrumenty regulacji bezpośredniej (nakazy i zakazy). W Polsce znaczenie instrumentów rynkowych jest zdecydowanie niewystarczające, np. brak jest opodatkowania węgla w jego najbardziej szkodliwym dla środowiska wykorzystaniu, tj. do ogrzewania domów. Wynika to głównie z niskiej świadomości społecznej.
Jakie działania są niezbędne dla sprostania wyzwaniom Zielonego Ładu i uczynienia go szansą dla polskiego rolnictwa?
Authors: Michalak Dorota , Rydz-Żbikowska Anna
Published: October 2022

Sektor rolnictwa stanowi jeden z obszarów priorytetowych działań wyznaczonych w Europejskim Zielonym Ładzie do 2050 r. Ekologizacja Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej zakłada wdrożenie strategii „Od pola do stołu”, która odwołuje się do stworzenia sprawiedliwego, przyjaznego środowisku i zrównoważonego systemu żywnościowego. Celem niniejszego rozdziału jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jakie działania i reformy w ramach Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu mogą stać się szansą dla transformacji polskiego rolnictwa i uczynienia go nowoczesnym sektorem opartym na zasadach ekologizacji gospodarki. Ponadto rozdział ten jest próbą usystematyzowania najważniejszych postanowień wynikających z Zielonego Ładu dla rolnictwa, obejmuje analizę wpływu rolnictwa na środowisko naturalne oraz ocenę obecnego stanu polskiego sektora rolnego. Ostatnia część rozdziału poświęcona została określeniu największych wyzwań stojących przed polskim rolnictwem w kontekście spełnienia europejskich wymogów. Metody badawcze zastosowane w artykule obejmują analizę dostępnych źródeł dokumentalnych i literackich odnoszących się do omawianych zagadnień, opracowanie odpowiednich badań statystycznych oraz zastosowanie podejścia dedukcyjnego w wyciąganiu wniosków z raportów organizacji międzynarodowych.
COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yalnızlık, Kaygı ve Ruh Sağlığı: Öz kontrolün aracılık rolü
Authors: KAYİŞ Ahmet Rıfat , AKCAOĞLU Mustafa Öztürk
Published: October 2022

Bireylerin ruh sağlığının COVID-19 salgınının getirdiği yaşam koşullarından nasıl etkilendiği sıklıkla araştırılan önemli konulardan birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu dönemde eğitim en çok etkilenen alanlardan birisi olmuş ve eğitim faaliyetleri uzaktan eğitim araçları kullanılarak yürütülmeye başlanmıştır. Uzaktan eğitim getirdiği öğrenme ortamlarında ise öğretmen kontrolünün azalması nedeniyle öğrencilerin kendi davranışlarını yönetme becerileri ve kendi davranışlarının sorumlulukları almaları ruh sağlıklarını korumaları açısından ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu araştırmada, yalnızlık, kaygı ve mental iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide öz-kontrolün aracı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 304’ü (%71.5) kadın, 121’i (%28.5) erkek olmak üzere toplamda 425 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları 21.39 ve yaşlarının standart sapması 2.61 olup katılımcıların yaşları 18 ile 39 arasında değişmektedir. Araştırma verileri Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği, Kısa Öz Kontrol Ölçeği, Genelleştirilmiş Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 Ölçeği ve UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği'nin Türkçe versiyonu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmada değişkenlere ilişkin genel değerlendirmenin yapılması ve değişkenler arası ilişkilerin incelenmesi için betimsel istatistikler, güvenirlik katsayıları ve korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Öz-kontrolün yalnızlık ve kaygı ile mental iyi oluş arasındaki aracılık rolünü incelemek için ise iki aşamalı yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonuçları araştırmadaki tüm değişkenlerin birbiri ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. İki aşamalı yapısal eşitlik modellemesi analizlerinin ilk aşamasında test edilen ölçme modelinin veri tarafından doğrulandığı bulunmuştur. İkinci aşamada yapılan yapısal model analizi sonucunda, yalnızlık ve kaygının öz-kontrol ve mental iyi oluşu negatif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca öz-kontrolün, yalnızlık, kaygı ve mental iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiği bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular çerçevesinde, yalnızlık ve kaygının, öz kontrolü azaltma yoluyla mental iyi oluş düzeyinin düşmesine yol açtığı söylenebilir.