bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of haemorrhagic fever viruses and bioterrorism-related haemorrhagic fever viruses
Authors: Bossi P , Tegnell A , Baka A , van Loock F , Hendriks J , Werner A , Maidhof H , Gouvras G
Published: October 2017

Haemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) are a diverse group of viruses that cause a clinical disease associated with fever and bleeding disorder. HFVs that are associated with a potential biological threat are Ebola and Marburg viruses (Filoviridae), Lassa fever and New World arenaviruses (Machupo, Junin, Guanarito and Sabia viruses) (Arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever (Bunyaviridae) and yellow fever, Omsk haemorrhagic fever, and Kyanasur Forest disease (Flaviviridae). In terms of biological warfare concerning dengue, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Hantaviruses, there is not sufficient knowledge to include them as a major biological threat. Dengue virus is the only one of these that cannot be transmitted via aerosol. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and the agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome appear difficult to weaponise. Ribavirin is recommended for the treatment and the prophylaxis of the arenaviruses and the bunyaviruses, but is not effective for the other families. All patients must be isolated and receive intensive supportive therapy.
Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of viral encephalitis and bioterrorism-related viral encephalitis
Authors: Bossi P , Tegnell A , Baka A , van Loock F , Werner A , Hendriks J , Maidhof H , Gouvras G
Published: October 2017

Most of the viruses involved in causing encephalitis are arthropod-borne viruses, with the exception of arenaviruses that are rodent-borne. Even if little information is available, there are indications that, most of these encephalitis-associated viruses could be used by aerosolisation during a bioterrorist attack. Viral transfer from blood to the CNS through the olfactory tract has been suggested. Another possible route of contamination is by vector-borne transmission such as infected mosquitoes or ticks. Alphaviruses are the most likely candidates for weaponisation. The clinical course of the diseases caused by these viruses is usually not specific, but differentiation is possible by using an adequate diagnostic tool. There is no effective drug therapy for the treatment of these diseases and treatment is mainly supportive, but vaccines protecting against some of these viruses do exist.
Rabies surveillance, trends in animal rabies and human post-exposure treatment in Poland, 1990 -2004
Authors: Sadkowska-Todys M , Rosinska M , Smreczak M , Czerwinski M , Zmudzinski J  F
Published: October 2017

This paper describes recent changes in the epizootical and epidemiological situation of rabies in Poland. Analysis of routine surveillance data on animal cases and human post-exposure treatment was performed in order to examine the impact of introduction of cell culture vaccine for human use and the implementation of the fox immunisation programme. The success of the immunisation programme for wild animals has become evident during the past 3 years, as a 9-fold decrease in animal rabies cases has been observed. To date, however, the downward trend in animal rabies cases has had no effect on the frequency of administration of the post-exposure treatment for humans. Moreover, two cases of locally acquired human rabies have occurred in patients who did not receive post-exposure vaccination. These cases prove that rabies should be still considered a public health concern in Poland.
Tattooing and piercing – the need for guidelines in EU
Authors: Noah N
Published: October 2017

As in Amsterdam [1], the impetus for UK guidelines for hygienic tattooing came from an outbreak of hepatitis B caused in 1978 by a tattooist. The outbreak resulted in 30 primary and three secondary cases [2]. Guidelines for hygienic tattooing followed soon after, and were taken up, fairly enthusiastically on the whole, by the tattooists. These were expanded in 1982 to include acupuncture, ear-piercing and hair electrolysis. Laws to control the hygiene of these practitioners were introduced at the same time {Local Government Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1982 [amended 2003] and the Greater London Council [General Powers] Act 1982}. Body piercing was hardly heard of at the time: although it was undoubtedly and somewhat furtively practised, it was not as popular or as open as it is now. Guidelines for beauty therapy, hygienic hairdressing and micropigmentation followed.
Selective BCG vaccination in a country with low incidence of tuberculosis
Authors: Romanus V
Published: October 2017

In 1975 the BCG vaccination policy in Sweden changed from routine vaccination of all newborn infants to selective vaccination of groups at higher risk. This report aims to evaluate the present BCG policy, with focus on the tuberculosis situation in Sweden during the period from 1989 to 2005. The population structure in Sweden has changed, with increasing numbers and proportions of people who were born outside Sweden, especially in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis. BCG vaccination coverage fell from more than 95% before 1975 to less than 2% in 1976 to 1980, and then again increased to around 16 % (corresponding to about 88% of the risk group recommended for vaccination). The increasing proportion of foreign born tuberculosis patients among all tuberculosis cases of illness in Sweden, and the high age-specific incidence of tuberculosis in the childbearing age groups in the foreign-born population, indicate the need to continue selective vaccination of children in families originating from countries with high tuberculosis incidence. The cumulative incidence of tuberculosis in the 30 cohorts born in Sweden after 1974 and observed to the end of 2004 was estimated at 0.5 cases per 100 000 person-years.
Sweden still has one of the lowest incidences of tuberculosis in the world, which means a minimal average risk of infection for the majority of children born to Swedish parents. The observed increase of tuberculosis in 2005, partly attributed to an outbreak at a day nursery, is a reminder of the serious consequences of delayed diagnosis.
Intensified active case finding is the most important action to prevent childhood tuberculosis, by means of eliminating the sources of infection to prevent transmission to the child population. Early detection and treatment of infected children is necessary to prevent development of serious disseminated tuberculosis.
Measles elimination 2010 target: the need to meet the specific risk group
Authors: Spika J. S.
Published: October 2017

Substantial progress has been made within the World Health Organization European Region in recent years towards the measles and rubella elimination targets for 2010. These 2010 targets were set in 2005 by the WHO European Regional Office for Europe, following the approval of the Resolution EUR/RC55/R7 [1,2]. In 2005, 28 (54%) of 52 WHO member states reported a measles incidence of less than 1 per million population (one indicator for measuring measles elimination status) and by 2006, 50 (96%) had introduced rubella vaccine into their national programmes. In 2002, member states began reporting measles cases by age and vaccination status to WHO on a monthly basis [3] and case-based reporting was implemented in 2003. Since that time, the number of countries reporting case-based data has increased from one in 2003 to 23 in 2006. In 2006, countries have been asked to report rubella cases monthly (either aggregate or case-based). The WHO European Region measles/rubella laboratory network has also been strengthened through regular laboratory assessments and proficiency testing and by having subregional meetings.
Implementing the International Health Regulations (2005) in Europe
Authors: Rodier G , Hardiman M , Plotkin B , Ganter B
Published: October 2017

The adoption of the International Health Regulations (2005) (also referred to as IHR(2005) or the revised Regulations) provides a remarkable new legal tool for the protection of international public health. Upon entry into force on 15 June 2007, Article 2 (‘Purpose and scope‘) provides that the overall focus of the efforts of States Parties (and World Health Organization's efforts) under the revised Regulations will be to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with the public health risks and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic. Health measures under the revised Regulations will be implemented with respect for travellers’ human rights, with several specific new requirements in this area. To comply with the IHR (2005), States Parties (WHO member states that will be bound by the IHR(2005)) will have to have core public health capacities in disease surveillance and response, as well as additional capacities at designated international ports, airports and land crossings. This unique collective commitment will require close collaboration between WHO and the States Parties, but also intersectoral collaboration within the States themselves, including collaboration among different administrative or governmental levels, a particular issue for federal states, and horizontally across ministries and disciplines. Collaboration among States Parties is a key aspect of the revised Regulations, whether among neighbours, or with trading partners, members of regional economic integration organisations or other regional groups, or simply members of the international community. This collaboration is particularly relevant for the Member States of the European Union.
Ensuring prudent use of antimicrobials in human medicine in the European Union, 2005
Authors: Werner G , Bronzwaer S
Published: October 2017

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics pose a serious danger to public health by contributing to the development of bacteria resistant to treatment.
In 2001, the European Commission launched a strategy to combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance to human, animal and plant health, which includes data collection, surveillance, research, awareness-raising exercises and the phasing out of antibiotics for non-medical use in animals. The Council Recommendation on the prudent use of antibiotics in human medicine adopted in 2002 was a component in this strategy, outlining clear-cut measures in human medicine that EU Member States could take to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Cases of chikungunya fever imported from the islands of the South West Indian Ocean to Paris, France
Authors: Hochedez P , Hausfater P , Jaureguiberry S , Gay F , Datry A , Danis M , Bricaire F , Bossi P
Published: October 2017

An outbreak of chikungunya fever has been occurring in the islands of the South West Indian Ocean since early 2005. We describe the clinical and biological manifestations observed in 80 patients presenting with confirmed imported chikungunya fever in our infectious disease department between March 2005 and August 2006. Forty eight patients were women (60%) and the median age was 50 years (range: 15-75).
Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in an Austrian boarding school, September 2006
Authors: Schmid D , Gschiel E , Mann M , Huhulescu S , Ruppitsch W , Bohm G , Pichler J , Lederer I , Höger G , Heuberger S , Allerberger F
Published: October 2017

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred in September 2006 in a boarding school in eastern Austria. Of 113 cases, 101 were hospitalised. In order to identify the outbreak source, a retrospective cohort study on the group at risk was performed, including 222 pupils and 30 staff members. Food exposure in the canteen of the school was identified as the most relevant common link among the cases in the case series investigation. Although the preliminary microbiological investigation made Norovirus infections possible, an in-depth descriptive epidemiological investigation later pointed to food intoxication rather than a viral infection as the cause of the outbreak. The analytical epidemiological investigation implicated boiled rice and chicken wings served in the canteen as the most likely source of the outbreak. Staphylococcus aureus was identified as the causative agent. Further molecular characterisation revealed that the predominant S. aureus type in this outbreak was a new spa type, t2046. The same spa type was isolated from stool specimens of the majority of the cases investigated, from samples of the incriminated boiled rice, and also from a swab of a palmar skin lesion of one of the healthy kitchen workers, who is therefore the most likely source of contamination. This outbreak underlines again the importance of compliance with the basic guidelines for kitchen hygiene.
The 2003 heat wave
Authors: Sardon J- P
Published: October 2017

The July-August 2005 issue of Eurosurveillance focused on the impact on mortality of the 2003 heat wave in Europe, with articles that were based on various methods and looked at different time periods. The subject of this letter is to assess, using a unique methodology, the excess mortality related to the 2003 heat wave across the continent.
Latest variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease figures and compensation scheme announced in the United Kingdom
Authors: Twisselmann B
Published: October 2017

Coinciding with the publication of latest figures on variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom (UK), the secretary of state for health announced details of the full compensation scheme that has been developed to make payments to each of those who have had a diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and their families (1,2).
The compensation scheme for UK victims of vCJD has been developed by the government in consultation with representatives of families affected by vCJD.
Immunisation against meningococcal meningitis for haj and Umrah
Authors: Lea G , Hahné S
Published: October 2017

This year’s recommendations by the Department of Health (DH) for England for immunisation against meningococcal meningitis for pilgrims planning to travel to Mecca on haj or Umrah were reported in last week’s Communicable Disease Report (1). An outbreak of meningococcal serogroup A infection occurred among pilgrims on the haj pilgrimage of 1987, resulting in outbreaks in other countries including the United Kingdom (UK).
Further reductions of influenza activity reported in Europe in week 02/2004: an update from EISS
Authors: Paget W J , Meijer A , Fleming D M , Samuelsson S , Schweiger B
Published: October 2017

In week 02/2004, widespread influenza activity (that is, activity above seasonal baseline levels in one or more regions comprising 50% or more of the country’s population) was reported in Norway and Switzerland
Immigration and HIV/AIDS prevention in Germany – an interdisciplinary challenge
Authors: Steffan Elfriede , Kerschl V , Sokolowski Samanta
Published: October 2017

The availability of STI and HIV/AIDS prevention services and also general medical and social
services for immigrants to Germany, needs to be better according to many health professionals.
Two outbreaks of norovirus infections associated with the consumption of imported frozen raspberries, Denmark, May-June 2005
Authors: Korsager B , Hede S , Bøggild H , Böttiger B  E , Mølbak K
Published: October 2017

On the weekend of 21-22 May, it was reported that 101 patients and 76 employees at the two Aalborg Hospitals
Another probable case of variant CJD announced in Ireland
Authors: Editorial team Collective
Published: October 2017

Another case of probable variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has been identified in Ireland. If the recent probable case is indigenous, this will be Ireland’s second.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza reported in Russian bird populations
Authors: Editorial team Collective
Published: October 2017

The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus type A(H5N1), which continues to infect humans in Vietnam and Indonesia, has been reported to have infected bird populations in Russia
Updated editorial policy and instructions to authors now available
Authors: Editorial team Collective
Published: October 2017

Eurosurveillance has updated its editorial policy to reflect the integration of the monthly and weekly releases. There is also new guidance for authors, and instructions on how to cite Eurosurveillance articles and papers
More cases of avian influenza infection in humans and poultry in Turkey
Authors: Editorial team Collective
Published: October 2017

Eighteen human cases of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in Turkey have been confirmed
Ensuring prudent use of antimicrobials in human medicine: forceful action needed in Europe
Authors: Editorial team Collective
Published: October 2017

In November 2001, the Council of the European Union adopted a Recommendation (2002/77/EC) outlining actions to support the prudent use of antimicrobials in human medicine.
Clinical influenza activity in Europe is still low, with influenza B virus being dominant: an update from EISS
Authors: Meijer A , Falcão J  M , de Jong J  C , Kyncl J , Meerhoff T J , Meuwissen L. E. , Nicoll A , Van Der Velden J , Paget W  J
Published: October 2017

Up to week 5 of 2006, the numbers of consultations for influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory infection (ARI) have been low
Chikungunya risk assessment for Europe: recommendations for action
Authors: Depoortere E , Coulombier D , ECDC Chikungunya risk assessment group Collective
Published: October 2017

Since March 2005, 255 000 cases of chikungunya fever are estimated to have occurred on the island of Réunion
Innovative new Swiss HIV prevention campaign: ‘no action without protection’
Authors: Kammer A , Kopp C
Published: October 2017

The 2006 campaign to increase awareness of HIV/AIDS in Switzerland has been launched
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5N1 – update and overview of 2006
Authors: Influenza team (ECDC) Collective
Published: October 2017

As of 29 November 2006, 258 human H5N1 infections that meet its strict laboratory criteria have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) since reporting began for 2003
Cooperation between animal and human health sectors is key to the detection, surveillance, and control of emerging disease: IMED 2007 meeting in Vienna, February 2007
Authors: Madoff L
Published: October 2017

For many years, scientists have recognised the overrepresentation of zoonoses among emerging and re-emerging human diseases. Many factors affect the likelihood that a pathogen will emerge
ECDC recruiting scientific experts
Authors:   Eurosurveillance editorial team
Published: October 2017

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is inviting applications for the position of:

Senior Expert for Respiratory Diseases in the Surveillance Unit
Expert in Surveillance Unit – Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-associated Infections
A ‘Missed’ Diagnosed Case of Christ-Siemens-Touraine Syndrome
Authors: Narayan Shambhavi
Published: October 2017

Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome also known as Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, is a rare genetic disorder, occurring in 1-100,000 live male births. A two year old male child with classical signs and symptoms of the disease, affecting skin, hairs, nails and teeth, misdiagnosed initially as a case of seborrhic dermatitis, and later as tuberculosis, is described here. Treatment includes counselling the family, skin care, avoiding high ambient temperature, and prosthodontic measures. Diagnosis as early as possible, based mainly on clinical features can prevent mortality due to hyperpyrexia and respiratory infections. Beyond early childhood, life expectancy is normal to slightly reduced.
Neonatal Leukemoid Reaction: Correspondence
Authors: Mandal Anirban , Sahi Puneet Kaur
Published: October 2017

To the Editor,We read with much interest the article by Bhatia et al., published in the recent issue of your journal [1] but at the same time would like to make the following comments, clarification to which would benefit the general readers of JNPS.
Analysis of Predictors of Relapse in Children with Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Bhatta Mukesh , Shah Gauri Shankar , Mishra Om Prakash
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) are steroid responsive but have relapses in subsequent non-treatment period. The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors which could predict relapses in these children.Material and Methods: Forty patients of INS aged 1-14 years of both gender were enrolled over one year period and followed for six months after treatment of initial episode of Nephrotic Syndrome.Results: The median age of children was 4.5 years and male to female ratio 1.9:1. There were 24(60%) relapses and 16(40%) non-relapses. The relapses had significantly higher mean total leukocyte count, serum urea, potassium and cholesterol than non-relapses. It was also observed that the median age of onset in relapses was significantly lower than non-relapses (p<0.001). Also, the median time to response to steroid therapy was longer in relapses than non-relapses (p<0.001). Children who relapsed had infections at the time of relapse.Conclusion: Thus, onset of disease in younger age group, late response to steroid therapy and presence of infections were found to be associated with relapses in these children.
A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Ruthenium-Catalysed Oxidative α-Cyanation of Tertiary Amines Leading to α-Aminonitriles
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Xiao Ruian , Ai Jingting , Cai Mingzhong
Published: October 2017

Oxidative α-cyanation of tertiary amines was achieved by using an MCM-41-immobilised N-alkylethylenediamine ruthenium(III) complex (MCM-41-2N-RuCl3) as catalyst in MeOH at 60 °C in the presence of H2O2 as oxidant and NaCN in acetic acid as a cyanide source to afford the corresponding α-aminonitriles in good yields. The new heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst can easily be prepared by a simple two-step procedure from commercially readily available and inexpensive reagents. It can be recovered by filtration of the reaction solution and reused at least 7 times without significant loss of activity.
Research on Risk Evaluation of Transnational Power Networking Projects Based on the Matter-Element Extension Theory and Granular Computing
Authors: Li Jinying , Wu Fan , Li Jinchao , Zhao Yunqi
Published: October 2017

In project management, risk assessment is crucial for stakeholders to identify the risk factors during the whole life cycle of the project. A risk evaluation index system of a transnational networking project, which provides an effective way for the grid integration of clean electricity and the sustainable development of the power industry, is constructed in this paper. Meanwhile, a combination of granular computing and order relation analysis (G1 method) is applied to determine the weight of each indicator and the matter-element extension evaluation model is also employed to seek the global optimal decision during the risk assessment. Finally, a case study is given to validate the index system and evaluation model established in this paper by assessing two different investment schemes of a transnational high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission project. The result shows that the comprehensive risk level of Scheme 1 is “Low” and the level of Scheme 2 is “General”, which means Scheme 1 is better for the stakeholders from the angle of risk control. The main practical significance of this paper lies in that it can provide a reference and decision support for the government’s power sectors, investment companies and other stakeholders when carrying out related activities.
Advanced Reactive Power Reserve Management Scheme to Enhance LVRT Capability
Authors: Lee Hwanik , Bae Moonsung , Lee Byongjun
Published: October 2017

Abstract: To increase the utilization of wind power in the power system, grid integration standards have been proposed for the stable integration of large-scale wind power plants. In particular, fault-ride-through capability, especially Low-Voltage-Ride-Through (LVRT), has been emphasized, as it is related to tripping in wind farms. Therefore, this paper proposes the Wind power plant applicable-Effective Reactive power Reserve (Wa-ERPR), which combines both wind power plants and conventional generators at the Point of Interconnection (POI). The reactive power capability of the doubly-fed induction generator wind farm was considered to compute the total Wa-ERPR at the POI with reactive power capability of existing generators. By using the Wa-ERPR management algorithm, in case of a violation of the LVRT standards, the amount of reactive power compensation is computed using the Wa-ERPR management scheme. The proposed scheme calculates the Wa-ERPR and computes the required reactive power, reflecting the change of the system topology pre- and post-contingency, to satisfy the LVRT criterion when LVRT regulation is not satisfied at the POI. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with the capacity corresponding to calculated amount of reactive power through the Wa-ERPR management scheme is applied to the POI. Therefore, it is confirmed that the wind power plant satisfies the LVRT criteria by securing the appropriate reactive power at the POI, by applying of the proposed algorithm.
The Genetic Basis of Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa—A Form of Mild Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Comander Jason , Weigel-DiFranco Carol , Maher Matthew , Place Emily , Wan Aliete , Harper Shyana , Sandberg Michael , Navarro-Gomez Daniel , Pierce Eric
Published: October 2017

Pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an atypical form of RP that affects the near-peripheral retina first and tends to spare the far periphery. This study was performed to further define the genetic basis of this phenotype. We identified a cohort of 43 probands with pericentral RP based on a comprehensive analysis of their retinal phenotype. Genetic analyses of DNA samples from these patients were performed using panel-based next-generation sequencing, copy number variations, and whole exome sequencing (WES). Mutations provisionally responsible for disease were found in 19 of the 43 families (44%) analyzed. These include mutations in RHO (five patients), USH2A (four patients), and PDE6B (two patients). Of 28 putatively pathogenic alleles, 15 (54%) have been previously identified in patients with more common forms of typical RP, while the remaining 13 mutations (46%) were novel. Burden testing of WES data successfully identified HGSNAT as a cause of pericentral RP in at least two patients, suggesting it is also a relatively common cause of pericentral RP. While additional sequencing might uncover new genes specifically associated with pericentral RP, the current results suggest that genetically pericentral RP is not a separate clinical entity, but rather is part of the spectrum of mild RP phenotypes.
Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes
Authors: Cioffi Marcelo de Bello , Yano Cassia Fernanda , Sember Alexandr , Bertollo Luiz Antônio Carlos
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Fishes exhibit the greatest diversity of species among vertebrates, offering a number of relevant models for genetic and evolutionary studies. The investigation of sex chromosome differentiation is a very active and striking research area of fish cytogenetics, as fishes represent one of the most vital model groups. Neotropical fish species show an amazing variety of sex chromosome systems, where different stages of differentiation can be found, ranging from homomorphic to highly differentiated sex chromosomes. Here, we draw attention on the impact of recent developments in molecular cytogenetic analyses that helped to elucidate many unknown questions about fish sex chromosome evolution, using excellent characiform models occurring in the Neotropical region, namely the Erythrinidae family and the Triportheus genus. While in Erythrinidae distinct XY and/or multiple XY-derived sex chromosome systems have independently evolved at least four different times, representatives of Triportheus show an opposite scenario, i.e., highly conserved ZZ/ZW system with a monophyletic origin. In both cases, recent molecular approaches, such as mapping of repetitive DNA classes, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole chromosome painting (WCP), allowed us to unmask several new features linked to the molecular composition and differentiation processes of sex chromosomes in fishes.
The Development of Three Questionnaires to Assess Beliefs about Green Exercise
Authors: Flowers Elliott , Freeman Paul , Gladwell Valerie
Published: October 2017

Green exercise is physical activity that takes place in the presence of natural environments. Despite the promising evidence of the benefits, little is known about how individuals’ thoughts and feelings influence participation in green exercise and subsequent outcomes. The aim of the current research was to develop questionnaires using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a framework that could both directly and indirectly assess attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control, along with intention toward green exercise. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that the indirect, direct, and intention measures all had good overall model fits when tested on a refinement (n = 253) and validation (n = 230) sample. The questionnaires will contribute towards helping to better understanding individuals’ beliefs about green exercise, how these influence behaviour, and ultimately to enable the development of effective interventions promoting green exercise.
Negative Peer Relationships on Piracy Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Associations between Cyberbullying Involvement and Digital Piracy
Authors: Yubero Santiago , Larrañaga Elisa , Villora Beatriz , Navarro Raúl
Published: October 2017

The present study examines the relationship between different roles in cyberbullying behaviors (cyberbullies, cybervictims, cyberbullies-victims, and uninvolved) and self-reported digital piracy. In a region of central Spain, 643 (49.3% females, 50.7% males) students (grades 7–10) completed a number of self-reported measures, including cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, self-reported digital piracy, ethical considerations of digital piracy, time spent on the Internet, and leisure activities related with digital content. The results of a series of hierarchical multiple regression models for the whole sample indicate that cyberbullies and cyberbullies-victims are associated with more reports of digital piracy. Subsequent hierarchical multiple regression analyses, done separately for males and females, indicate that the relationship between cyberbullying and self-reported digital piracy is sustained only for males. The ANCOVA analysis show that, after controlling for gender, self-reported digital piracy and time spent on the Internet, cyberbullies and cyberbullies-victims believe that digital piracy is a more ethically and morally acceptable behavior than victims and uninvolved adolescents believe. The results provide insight into the association between two deviant behaviors.
Effect of Health Messages on Alcohol Attitudes and Intentions in a Sample of 16–17-Year-Old Underage Drinkers
Authors: Moss Antony C. , Evans Stephen , Albery Ian
Published: October 2017

Background: Responsible drinking messages (RDMs) are a key component of many education-based interventions for reducing alcohol harms. The evidence base for the effectiveness of RDMs is extremely limited, with some recent research suggesting iatrogenic effects of such messages. Objective: To examine the effects of exposure to health messages on attitudes towards drinking and drunkenness, and intentions to drink and get drunk, amongst underage drinkers. Methods: Ninety-four underage drinkers were recruited from colleges in the UK. Participants were either actively or passively exposed to one of two health messages (RDM or general wellbeing). Measures of attitudes and intentions towards drinking and drunkenness were obtained one week before and immediately after participation in the study. A unit estimation task was also included. Results: Active exposure to RDMs led to more positive attitude towards drunkenness, while passive exposure led to more negative attitudes. Passive RDM exposure led to increased intentions to get drunk in future. Wellbeing posters produced the opposite effect in some but not all of these measures. Conclusions: Exposure to RDMs may have some beneficial effects in terms of creating more negative attitudes towards alcohol consumption, but we also identified potential iatrogenic effects regarding attitudes and intentions towards drunkenness amongst an underage sample of drinkers. Further research is required to better understand optimal ways of framing RDMs to produce positive changes in attitudes, intentions, and prospective drinking behaviour.
Versatile Chemical Derivatizations to Design Glycol Chitosan-Based Drug Carriers
Authors: Kim Sung , Kim Hak-Jun , Rhee Jin-Kyu , Park Kyeongsoon
Published: October 2017

Glycol chitosan (GC) and its derivatives have been extensively investigated as safe and effective drug delivery carriers because of their unique physiochemical and biological properties. The reactive functional groups such as the amine and hydroxyl groups on the GC backbone allow for easy chemical modification with various chemical compounds (e.g., hydrophobic molecules, crosslinkers, and acid-sensitive and labile molecules), and the versatility in chemical modifications enables production of a wide range of GC-based drug carriers. This review summarizes the versatile chemical modification methods that can be used to design GC-based drug carriers and describes their recent applications in disease therapy.
High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy as a Structural and Analytical Tool for Unsaturated Lipids in Solution
Authors: Alexandri Eleni , Ahmed Raheel , Siddiqui Hina , Choudhary Muhammad , Tsiafoulis Constantinos , Gerothanassis Ioannis
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Mono- and polyunsaturated lipids are widely distributed in Nature, and are structurally and functionally a diverse class of molecules with a variety of physicochemical, biological, medicinal and nutritional properties. High resolution NMR spectroscopic techniques including 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR have been successfully employed as a structural and analytical tool for unsaturated lipids. The objective of this review article is to provide: (i) an overview of the critical 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR parameters for structural and analytical investigations; (ii) an overview of various 1D and 2D NMR techniques that have been used for resonance assignments; (iii) selected analytical and structural studies with emphasis in the identification of major and minor unsaturated fatty acids in complex lipid extracts without the need for the isolation of the individual components; (iv) selected investigations of oxidation products of lipids; (v) applications in the emerging field of lipidomics; (vi) studies of protein-lipid interactions at a molecular level; (vii) practical considerations and (viii) an overview of future developments in the field.
Associations of Dietary Antioxidants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the 2007–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Quansah Dan , Ha Kyungho , Jun Shinyoung , Kim Seong-Ah , Shin Sangah , Wie Gyung-Ah , Joung Hyojee
Published: October 2017

Antioxidants are suggested to decrease risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by preventing progressive impairment of pancreatic β-cell and endothelial function. This study was aimed to investigate the association between dietary antioxidants and risk of T2D in Korean adults based on a national representative data. A total of 24,377 adults (19–74 years) who completed one-day 24 h dietary recall and health examination were included. Dietary antioxidant intakes including α-carotene (p < 0.0001), lycopene (p = 0.0107), flavan-3-ols (p < 0.0001), and proanthocyanidins (p = 0.0075) were significantly higher in non-diabetic subjects than in diabetic subjects. After adjusting for confounding variables, the highest quartile group of α-carotene intake was associated with a 48% reduced risk of T2D in men (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34–0.80, p for trend = 0.0037) and a 39% reduced risk in women (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.996, p for trend = 0.0377) compared to the lowest quartile group. Men in the highest quartile of β-carotene intake showed lower risk of T2D (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.97), but no significant decreasing trend. However, the intakes of total carotenoids and other antioxidants showed no significant association with the risk of T2D. These findings suggest that a further comprehensive approach which considers overall dietary pattern is required.
An Evaluation-Driven Design Process for Exhibitions
Authors: Leister Wolfgang , Tjøstheim Ingvar , Joryd Göran , De Brisis Michel , Lauritzsen Syver , Reisæter Sigrun
Published: October 2017

Museums and science centres are informal education environments that intend to engage visitors with their exhibits.We present an efficient design process that allows an improved working relationship between museum practitioners, exhibition designers, and visitors. Its principles and a graphical representation are based on the Engagement Profile from previous work. Curators and designers evaluate the qualities of exhibits using the engagement profile while visitors inform the design process by answering a standardised questionnaire. Elements of the design process were evaluated using an educational game at the science centre Engineerium. This study was based on the responses from over five hundred visitors to the science centre. As an outcome, the science centre received valuable information of how to improve the exhibit. Further, one iteration of the design process was implemented in practice. First experiences show that our method will practically support the work of museum practitioners and exhibition designers. We present the principles and a graphical representation based on the Engagement Profile from previous work. Elements of the design process are evaluated using an educational game at the science centre Engineerium. The evaluation is based on a study with over five hundred visitors to the science centre.
Surface Functionalization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Gallic Acid as Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Shah Syed Tawab , A Yehya Wageeh , Saad Omer , Simarani Khanom , Chowdhury Zaira , A. Alhadi Abeer , Al-Ani Lina
Published: October 2017

In this research, we report the size-controlled synthesis and surface-functionalization of magnetite with the natural antioxidant gallic acid (GA) as a ligand, using in situ and post-synthesis methods. GA functionalization provided narrow size distribution, with an average particle size of 5 and 8 nm for in situ synthesis of gallic acid functionalized magnetite IONP@GA1 and IONP@GA2, respectively, which are ultra-small particles as compared to unfunctionalized magnetite (IONP) and post functionalized magnetite IONP@GA3 with average size of 10 and 11 nm respectively. All the IONPs@GA samples were found hydrophilic with stable aggregation state. Prior to commencement of experimental lab work, PASS software was used to predict the biological activities of GA and it is found that experimental antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and antimicrobial studies using well diffusion method are in good agreement with the simulated results. Furthermore, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of DPPH antioxidant assay revealed a 2–4 fold decrease as compared to unfunctionalized IONP. In addition to antioxidant activity, all the three IONP@GA proved outstanding antimicrobial activity while testing on different bacterial and fungal strains. The results collectively indicate the successful fabrication of novel antioxidant, antimicrobial IONP@GA composite, which are magnetically separable, efficient, and low cost, with potential applications in polymers, cosmetics, and biomedical and food industries.
Reconfigurable Microfluidic Magnetic Valve Arrays: Towards a Radiotherapy-Compatible Spheroid Culture Platform for the Combinatorial Screening of Cancer Therapies
Authors: Brunet Alexandre , Labelle Frédérique , Wong Philip , Gervais Thomas
Published: October 2017

We introduce here a microfluidic cell culture platform or spheroid culture chamber array (SCCA) that can synthesize, culture, and enable fluorescence imaging of 3D cell aggregates (typically spheroids) directly on-chip while specifying the flow of reagents in each chamber via the use of an array of passive magnetic valves. The SCCA valves demonstrated sufficient resistance to burst (above 100 mBar), including after receiving radiotherapy (RT) doses of up to 8 Gy combined with standard 37 °C incubation for up to 7 days, enabling the simultaneous synthesis of multiple spheroids from different cell lines on the same array. Our results suggest that SCCA would be an asset in drug discovery processes, seeking to identify combinatorial treatments.
Empowerment of Patients with Hypertension through BPM, IoT and Remote Sensing
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández Daniel , Marcos-Jorquera Diego , Gilart-Iglesias Virgilio , Vives-Boix Víctor , Ramírez-Navarro Javier
Published: October 2017

Hypertension affects one in five adults worldwide. Healthcare processes require interdisciplinary cooperation and coordination between medical teams, clinical processes, and patients. The lack of patients’ empowerment and adherence to treatment makes necessary to integrate patients, data collecting devices and clinical processes. For this reason, in this paper we propose a model based on Business Process Management paradigm, together with a group of technologies, techniques and IT principles which increase the benefits of the paradigm. To achieve the proposed model, the clinical process of the hypertension is analyzed with the objective of detecting weaknesses and improving the process. Once the process is analyzed, an architecture that joins health devices and environmental sensors, together with an information system, has been developed. To test the architecture, a web system connected with health monitors and environment sensors, and with a mobile app have been implemented.
Main group mechanochemistry
Authors: Gečiauskaitė Agota A , García Felipe
Published: October 2017

Over the past decade, mechanochemistry has emerged as a powerful methodology in the search for sustainable alternatives to conventional solvent-based synthetic routes. Mechanochemistry has already been successfully applied to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), organic compounds, metal oxides, coordination compounds and organometallic complexes. In the main group arena, examples of synthetic mechanochemical methodologies, whilst still relatively sporadic, are on the rise. This short review provides an overview of recent advances and achievements in this area that further validate mechanochemistry as a credible alternative to solution-based methods for the synthesis of main group compounds and frameworks.
Application of automated trajectory design for pilot flight assessment during route flights
Authors: MASIULIONIS Tadas , MINIOTAS Darius , RUDINSKAS Darius , KIKUTIS Ramūnas , MASIULIONIENĖ Gabrielė
Published: October 2017

Flight accuracy in the airspace is becoming an increasingly difficult issue due to the expanding number of aircraft operating in it. In order to meet the needs of all airspace users, aircraft flows are being increased, and different aircraft systems that minimise the risk of aircraft accidents are being developed to ensure flight safety. However, statistically, the impact of the human factor on aviation accidents and incidents remains high. This article focuses on the assessment of pilot flight accuracy during route flights and presents a methodology based on automated assessment tunnels for accurately assessing pilot flight deviations from a pre-set flight trajectory axis both on the horizontal and vertical plane.
Local Border Traffic as a Platform for the Development of Border Cities
Authors: Zabielska Izabela , Zielińska-Szczepkowska Joanna
Published: October 2017

The paper aims at presenting to answer: Local Border Traffic is a platform for the Development of Border Cities? Cities located in the border zone were subjected to analysis, limiting the study area to the Polish Warmia-Masuria Province and the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation. For the needs of the present task, survey studies were designed and carried out, targeting the inhabitants of 13 districts (poviat) of Warmia-Masuria Province (border cities) covered by the Agreement on LBT on the Polish side, as well as respondents residing in the Kaliningrad Oblast on the Russian side, in order to determine the costs and developmental benefits of the Agreement entering into force. Individual interviews represented the basic research method in data collection. The interview questionnaire was the research tool applied. As results from the carried out surveys, Local Border Traffic for border cities: 1) expand economic innovations, 2) the infiltration of social and cultural influences, 3) is a spatial factor of their regional and local development.
The Necessity of Follow-Up Brain Computed-Tomography Scans: Is It the Pathology Itself Or Our Fear that We Should Overcome?
Authors: Öğrenci Ahmet , Koban Orkun , Ekşi Murat , Yaman Onur , Dalbayrak Sedat
Published: October 2017

AIM: This study aimed to make a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with head traumas that were admitted to one hospital setting and to make an analysis of the patients for whom follow-up CT scans were obtained.METHODS: Pediatric head trauma cases were retrospectively retrieved from the hospital’s electronic database. Patients’ charts, CT scans and surgical notes were evaluated by one of the authors. Repeat CT scans for operated patients were excluded from the total number of repeat CT scans.RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and thirty-eight pediatric patients were admitted to the clinic due to head traumas. Brain CT scan was requested in 863 patients (76%) in the cohort. Follow-up brain CT scans were obtained in 102 patients. Additional abnormal finding requiring surgical intervention was observed in only one patient (isolated 4th ventricle hematoma) on the control CTs (1% of repeat CT scans), who developed obstructive hydrocephalus. None of the patients with no more than 1 cm epidural hematoma in its widest dimension and repeat CT scans obtained 1.5 hours after the trauma necessitated surgery.CONCLUSION: Follow-up CT scans changed clinical approach in only one patient in the present series. When ordering CT scan in the follow-up of pediatric traumas, benefits and harms should be weighted based upon time interval from trauma onset to initial CT scan and underlying pathology.
Measuring Social Isolation in the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Pohl Janet S. , Cochrane Barbara B. , Schepp Karen G. , Woods Nancy F.
Published: October 2017

The objectives of the current study were to describe the development of a social isolation measure based on Berkman and Syme's Social Network Index domains with data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. A descriptive correlational design was used, establishing convergent and divergent validity of the measure with depression risk and well-being. Depression risk was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and an ordinal well-being measure was developed based on measures in MIDUS–Midlife in the U.S.–A Study of National Health and Well-Being. Participants who scored ≥4 (cutoff point) on the social isolation measure represented 21.9% (
N
= 7,609) of the sample (95% confidence interval [20.6, 23.3]). Spearman's correlation with depression was 0.23 (
p
< 0.001) and −0.24 (
p
≤ 0.001) with well-being. The weighted data complex samples general linear model with depression (
R
= 0.22,
p
≤ 0.001) and well-being (
R
= −0.26,
p
≤ 0.001) confirm the relationships. This measure offers conceptual clarity and measurement consistency for developing the components and targets for future social isolation intervention research.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(6):277–287.]