bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Potential Anti-tooth-decay Compounds From Organic Cinnamic Acid Derivatives by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-8: An In Silico Study
Authors: Taherkhani Amir , Orangi Athena , Moradkhani Shirin , Jalalvand Alireza , Khamverdi Zahra
Published: April 2022

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is the most abundant member of the MMP family in human dentin. It takes a part in the normal physiology of tissue remodeling and wound healing, while the overexpression/hyperactivity of this protein leads to several oral disorders, including dental caries and peri-implant inflammation/diseases, and therefore, MMP-8 inhibition may have therapeutic effects. Accordingly, the current study aimed to identify potential MMP-8 inhibitors from cinnamic acid derivatives. Methods: The binding affinity of cinnamic acid and its several derivatives to the MMP-8 active site were estimated using the AutoDock 4.0 software. The pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and bioavailability of top-ranked MMP-8 inhibitors were also predicted by utilizing bioinformatics web tools. Results: Five of the studied components, including chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeic acid 3-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, N-p-Coumaroyltyramine, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) demonstrated a salient affinity of binding to the MMP-8 catalytic site (∆Gbinding<-10 kcal/mol). It was estimated that these compounds can inhibit the MMP-8 at the nanomolar concentration, and therefore, were considered as top-ranked MMP-8 inhibitors. Finally, none of the top-ranked components revealed a considerable side effect and thus were found to be suitable for oral use. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that CGA, caffeic acid 3-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, N-p-coumaroyltyramine, and CAPE might have protective effects on tooth decay and peri-implant inflammation/diseases.
Mental and Social Health Status and its Association With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level in Adolescents Aged 12- 18 Years With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ordooei Mahtab , Niknafs Zahra , Mehrabbeik Akram , Namiranian Nasim
Published: April 2022

Background: Chronic diseases such as diabetes have significant effects on the mental and social health of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the mental and social health status of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 52 T1 diabetic patients aged 12-18 years who referred to Yazd Diabetes Center in 2020. The patients were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) questionnaire, which contained 35 three-choice psychological questions about mental health. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: Totally, 31 (56.9%) and 21 (40.4%) of patients were males and females, respectively. The mean age of the subjects was 15.23 (±2) and the mean duration of diabetes was 6.19 (±3.56) years. Moreover, 48.1% of patients had a positive family history of diabetes. The mean of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.05 (±1.62) and the mean of HbA1c in patients with psychosocial disorders was 8.74 (±0.08), which was significantly higher than that of subjects without psychosocial disorders (P=0.032). Conclusion: T1DM patients, whose blood sugar was not controlled, reported more mental health problems, thus it is essential to apply psychosocial health promotion strategies to these adolescents and their families.
Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated From Endotracheal Tube in Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit of a Hospital in Bandar Abbas
Authors: Rahimi Arash , Ansari Maede , Davoodian Parivash , Shoja Saeed , Hosseini Teshnizi Saeed , Alizade Hesam
Published: April 2022

Background: The present study attempted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from endotracheal tube culture on patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 114 patients hospitalized in the pulmonary ICU of Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas from March 2018 to March 2019. The samples of the patients’ endotracheal tube secretions were collected for the culture purpose on the first and fifth days of hospitalization in the ICU where the disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Results: The most common isolated microorganisms from the first day of culture were 26 Acinetobacter spp. isolates (22.8%), 10 Candida isolates (8.8%), and 9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (7.9%). The most common microorganisms which were isolated on the fifth day comprised Acinetobacter spp. with 57 isolates (51.8%), Candida with 6 isolates (5.5%), and P. aeruginosa with 6 isolates (5.5%). The highest resistant bacteria isolated from Acinetobacter spp. samples on the first-day were amikacin (92.3%) and meropenem (84.6%). The highest resistance of P. aeruginosa was against meropenem (77.8%), while the highest resistance of Acinetobacter spp. isolates was found to be amikacin (94.7%) and meropenem (86%) from the fifth-day samples. Further, P. aeruginosa isolates had the highest resistance in meropenem (83.3%), co-trimoxazole, and cefepime (66.7% for each of them). Conclusion: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is considered a warning condition due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. According to the present study, the most common VAP-causing bacteria are gram-negative, especially Acinetobacter, with high antibiotic resistance.
A Spectrum of Hysterectomy Findings in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Madikeri
Authors: Mallappa Sumanashree , Gayathri BN , Khatri Arti , Ramanujam Aishwarya
Published: April 2022

Background: Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and is the most common gynecological operation performed on females worldwide. Establishing a spectrum of hysterectomies helps both the surgeons and patients in making a well-informed decision. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study. The records of hysterectomies performed for 18 months were collected from the Department of Pathology of Koims, Madikeri. All non-malignant gynecological hysterectomy cases were included, while malignant hysterectomy cases were excluded from the investigation. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel software and expressed in numbers and percentages. Results: The mean age of the patients was - 46.5±9.4 years of age. The most common approach and indication were the abdominal approach (n=198, 83.19%) and– the fibroid uterus (n=156, 63.87%), respectively. The most common findings in the endometrium-proliferative endometrium (n=105, 44.12%), myometrium-leiomyoma (n=152, 63.86%), cervix-chronic cervicitis (n=133, 53.788%), and ovary and fallopian tubes were unremarkable in majority of the cases. Conclusion: Spectrum establishes a database, helping us study the trends of hysterectomy. The study provides an honest insight into various lesions of the uterus and its adnexa and reiterates the importance of mandatory data analysis. Panhysterectomy in younger females of reproductive age needs a carefully weighed decision. Knowing the types of lesions in hysterectomy cases can help patients better decide about the surgery. Considering that our study was performed on 238 subjects, further studies are needed on a large number of patients with follow-ups for further insights.
A Literature Review on the Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical Characteristics, Prevention and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Authors: Ranaei Vahid , Pilevar Zahra , Hassani Laleh , Madani Abdoulhossain
Published: April 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a public health emergency of international concern for the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). This study aimed to review the findings of recent published literature to provide researchers with information regarding the current biggest global health threat of 2019-nCoV pandemic on the basis of previous coronaviruses. To do so, this study attempted to review the available online data on biological nature of 2019-nCoV compared to previous coronaviruses. Additionally, the epidemiology, susceptible population, transmission routes, clinical characteristics, and medications for 2019-nCoV were reviewed. In this article, after an introduction to the subject and characterization of coronavirus, we considered the experiences and lessons learned from previous outbreaks to review the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, prevention, and medications of 2019-nCov disease. There are three main routes for transmission of 2019-nCoV including close contact to infected cases, aerosol, and touch transmissions. This newfound virus can be transmitted from asymptomatic patients or from infected cases with symptoms ranging from a flu-like to severe respiratory syndrome. Currently, there are no 100% approved therapeutic drugs and vaccination for this disease. In conclusion, given that development of vaccine for 2019-nCoV requires close collaboration of vaccine manufacturers and biotechnology companies, which takes a long period for production of vaccine, implementation of prevention and controlling measures based on the current available information about the subject is the best measure to control the spread of the virus.
Pemetaan IT Governance Berdasarkan COBIT 2019 pada Arsitektur Enterprise System Smart Tourism PT. YoY Manajemen Internasional
Authors: Hammanur Haslan , P Irfan A , Musyirifah Musyirifah
Published: April 2022

YoY Manajemen Internasional (YMI) merupakan sebuah perusahaan pengembang dan manajemen pada hotel berbasis syariah yang beralamat di Kompleks BTN Paropo, Blok. B No.1, Paropo, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Agar pengelolaan perusahaan dapat diselaraskan dengan teknologi maka diperlukan sebuah tata kelola teknologi dan informasi (TI) yang baik. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pemetaan TI related goal COBIT 2019 terhadap enterprise goals (EG). COBIT adalah sistem untuk administrasi data dan inovasi dan dewan, yang berfokus pada seluruh upaya. Tujuan tata kelola dan manajemen (“pekerjaan”) terutama sebagai sumber daya pendidikan untuk tata kelola TI perusahaan, profesional jaminan, risiko, dan keamanan [1]. Adapun tahapan yang di lakukan akan mengacu pada tahapan identifikasi tata kelola TI yaitu enterprise governance of IT, business / IT alignment, dan value creation [2].
الشخصية في رواية سواقي القلوب لـ ( انعام كجه جي )
Authors: أ.م.د. سهاد ساعد صاحب
Published: April 2022

الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على خير خلقه سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه الطيبين الطاهرين. تشكل الشخصية عنصراً سردياً مهماً، لذا جاء الاختيار لدراسة الشخصية وانماطها في رواية ( سوافي القلوب ) للروائية العراقية انعام كجه جي، تضمن البحث مفهوم الشخصية في النقد العربي والغربي، ثم تضمن أنماط الشخصية في الرواية، ثم تضمن دراسة تأثير المكان والزمان وعلاقته بالشخصية ، وأخيراً ختم البحث الخاتمة سُجلت فيها أهم نتائج البحث
القدرة المكانية عند مدرسي الجغرافية في المرحلة الإعدادية و علاقتها بمهارات التفكير التأملي لديهم
Authors: M.D. Haidar Shaker Nayef
Published: April 2022

يرمي البحث إلى معرفة القدرة المكانية عند مدرسي الجغرافية في المرحلة الإعدادية وعلاقتها بمهارات التفكير التأملي لديهم.   اعتمد الباحث في تحقيق أهداف البحث على المنهج الوصفي وعدد من الإجراءات التي شملت تحديد مجتمع البحث ، الذي أقتصر على مدرسي الجغرافية في المرحلة الإعدادية للعام الدراسي 2017 – 2018  والبالغ عددهم (94) مُدرسا ومُدرسة، أما عينة البحث الحالي فقد شملت (66) مُدرسا ومُدرسة من مدرسي مادة الجغرافية لمديرية محافظة بغداد تربية الرصافة الثالثة، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث، اعتمد الباحث أداتي الأولى في اختبار القدرة المكانية بلغت فقراته (20) فقرة, والثانية اختبار التفكير التأملي مؤلف من (50) فقرة، وقد استخرج الباحث صدقهما بعرضهما على مجموعة من الخبراء والمتخصصين وثباتهما بطريقة أعادة الاختبار، واستعمل الباحث الحقيبة الإحصائية ( (SPSS لتحليل نتائج البحث، واستنتج الباحث أن للقدرة المكانية والتفكير التأملي دور فعال في عملية التدريس وإثارة الدافعية للمتعلمين وتحقيق الأهداف التربوية، وأوصى دعوة لوزارة التربية بالاستفادة من البحث المعد من قبل الباحث وتطبيقه على مدرسي مادة الجغرافية، واقترح إجراء دراسة مماثلة لهذه الدراسة على مراحل دراسية أخرى، ومع متغيرات أخرى
الادارة الحضرية ومتطلبات التنمية المكانية للمدن مدينة الكاظمية – حالة دراسية-
Authors: Asst. Prof.Dr Hatem Hamoudi Hassan
Published: April 2022

يتناول البحث الادارة الحضرية والتنمية المكانية لمدينة الكاظمية التابعة لمدينة بغداد، وهي مدينة كبيرة يبلغ عدد سكانها(521444) نسمة، وان ادارة المدينة تحقق حالة التوازن بين حجم السكان والخدمات المجتمعية(المساحية والبنى الارتكازية)، وعن العلاقة بين الفكر التخطيطي وإدارة المدينة، فإدارة المدينة هي المسؤولة عن الانشطة التي يتعامل معها السكان بشكل مباشر ومستمر، فضلاً عن أسئلة أخرى متعددة، وقد تضمن البحث ثلاثة مباحث، إذ تناول المبحث الأول الإطار النظري فيما غطى المبحث الثاني المفاهيم العامة في الادارة الحضرية العامة والمفاهيم العامة في التنمية المكانية الحضرية، أما المبحث الثالث تناول واقع الأداء الاداري لمدينة الكاظمية وإقامة  تنمية مكانية فيها، وأختتم البحث بالنتائج وأهمها: عدم وجود توازن بين الفكر التخطيطي وإدارة المدينة، لوجود عجز في مؤسسات المدينة بحسب معيار المسافة والمساحة وتلكؤ العمل الاداري، أما أهم المقترحات فهي تنمية الخدمات المجتمعية من خلال التنمية المكانية والمستدامة، وتكون شاملة لجميع قطاعات المدينة والوصول الى بيئة مكانية أفضل
الازمات الاقتصادية خلال فترة النزاع بين الامين والمأمون (193 - 218هـ / 809 - 833م)
Authors: Professor. Assistant. Dr. Hiyam odah Muhammad
Published: April 2022

يتناول  البحث دراسة تاريخية للازمات الاقتصادية اثناء فترة النزاع بين الخليفة العباسي الامين واخية وولي عهده المأمون ، وتتضح اهمية البحث من خلال استعراضها للنزاعات السياسية وتأثيرها على الاوضاع الادارية والاقتصادية للدولة العربية الاسلامية . وما تخللها من تغيير بالنظام الاداري والنقدي لأقاليم الدولة في العصر العباسي ، وما تبعه من خروج على السلطة والذي كلّف ميزانية الخلافة الشيء الكثير من ارسال لحملات عسكرية مجهزة تجهيزا تاماً من مركز الخلافة العباسية من جهة ، والاقاليم الشرقية المتمثلة بخراسان وما يتبعها والتي تقع تحت سلطة وادارة المأمون من جهة اخرى .. وفي اثناء فترة النزاع والتي استمرت لخمس سنوات( 193- 198) ظهرت تمردات عسكرية ومدنية ضد سياسة الخليفتين الامين وبعده المأمون كلفت خزينة الدولة الكثير ..كما ساد الفساد وعدم الاستقرار الامني اثناءها فازدادت حركات السرقة واللصوصية واستغلال العامة بشكل كبير ، وخربت التجارة والاسواق وارتفعت الاسعار ..حتى استقرار الخلافة للمأمون وعودته الى بغداد والذي عمل على اعادة الامن والاستقرار السياسي والاقتصادي للبلاد ..
مهارات التواصل عند مدرسي التاريخ في المرحلة المتوسطة وعلاقتها بكفاياتهم التعليمية
Authors: مرتضى كريم طلال مسير  , ا. زينب محمد إبراهيم كساب
Published: April 2022

شمل البحث اربعة فصول، تضمن الفصل الاول المقدمة واهمية البحث إذ تم توضيح اهمية مهارات التواصل والكفايات التعليمية لدى المدرس، وظهرت مشكلة البحث من خلال متابعة الباحثان لواقع التدريس لدى مدرسي التاريخ للمرحلة المتوسطة ، ضعف واضح في أداء اغلب مدرسي مادة التاريخ وان أسباب هذا الضعف يكمن في قلة أمكانية العديد من مدرسي مادة التاريخ في استعمال أساليب متنوعة تتلاءم مع طبيعة المادة الدراسية،و سوء إدارة التخطيط والتنفيذ والتقويم لدى العديد من مدرسي مادة التاريخ وتكمن مشكلة البحث الحالي في معرفة هل إن هنالك علاقة بين مهارات التواصل عند مدرسي مادة التاريخ في المرحلة المتوسطة وكفاياتهم التعليمية، أما اهداف البحث فقد شملت على معرفة مهارات التواصل والكفايات التعليمية لدى مدرسي التاريخ في المرحلة المتوسطة، وكانت فرضية البحث لا توجد علاقة ذو دلالة إحصائية بين مدرسي التاريخ في مهارات التواصل وكفاياتهم التعليمية.  اما الفصل الثاني فشمل على الدراسات النظرية إذ تم عرض مفهوم مهارات التواصل والكفايات التعليمية، وشملت الدراسات السابقة دراسة جلال محمد وحيدر شاكر كدراسات سابقة وترتبط بالدراسة الحالية. شمل الفصل الثالث على اجراءات البحث الميدانية، إذ استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي ذو المجموعة الواحدة، وكانت عينة البحث هم مدرسي التاريخ للمرحلة المتوسطة في محافظة بغداد والبالغ عددهم (151) مدرساً ومدرسة، تم تطبيق استمارة مهارات التواصل والكفايات التعليمية على عينة البحث. وشمل الفصل الرابع على عرض نتائج مهارات التواصل والكفايات التعليمية، إذ أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية وتم تفسير النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحثان، اما الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها الباحثان فكانت:

1- اغلب مدرسي مادة التاريخ في المرحلة المتوسطة في محافظة بغداد يمتلكون قدراً جيداً من مهارات التواصل مقارنتاً بالمتوسط الفرضي الذي تمت المقارنة به. وبحاجة إلى تطوير لهذه المهارات بشكل مستمر.

2- اغلب مدرسي مادة التاريخ في المرحلة المتوسطة يمتلكون قدراً جيداً من الكفايات التعليمية.

3- وجود علاقة ارتباط بين متغيرات البحث وهي مهارات التواصل والذكاءات المتعددة.

وكانت اهم التوصيات:

عدم السماح لمدرسي الاختصاصات الأخرى بتدريس مادة التاريخ في المرحلة المتوسطة.

إعداد دليل لمدرسي مادة التاريخ في المرحلة المتوسطة يتضمن مهارات التواصل و الكفايات التعليمية التي حددت في هذه الدراسة بغية الإفادة منها من قبل مدرسي المادة. 

يمكن الإفادة من نتائج الدراسة الحالية في بناء وتصميم برامج تعليمية مماثلة لمراحل دراسية أخرى وحتى لمواد تعليمية أخرى.
مظاهر الإتساق الوصلية: (التعليل) في كتاب الفخري في الآداب السلطانية والدول الإسلامية لمحمد بن علي بن طباطبا ت(709هـ)
Authors: Zainab Ahmed  , Assistant  Professor.salam hussein
Published: April 2022

يعد التعليل أحد أهم مظاهر الإتساق الوصلية ,والذي يرتبط بمصطلح السبب, فالسبب والتعليل يدلان على شيء واحد, ومن النحاة من اكتفى بإطلاق  مصطلح السببية, والبعض الآخر أطلق عليه مصطلح التعليل أو العلة ,  وفي اللغة هو: حدث يشغل صاحبه  عن وجهه, وهو من الاعتلال ,وأغلب المعاني اللغوية تشير للمرض والسقم. و في الاصطلاح :هو تقرير ثبوت المؤثر لإثبات الأثر , أوهو إظهار علة الشيء سواء كانت تامة أو ناقصة .وإسلوب التعليل يتم بأدوات خاصة متنوعة وكثيرة أشار لها علماء النحو بعضها أحادية ,وبعضها ثنائية, والبعض الآخر يرتبط مع لفظ خاص ليكون تركيب دال على التعليل, وتكمن فائدته في إفادة التقرير وتوضيح العلة للسامع .و محور البحث هو أدوات التعليل التي تسهم بإتساق نصوص "الفخري" لمحمد بن علي بن طباطبا , حيث وجدتها بكثرة في نصوص كتابه ومنها  الحروف الأحادية :كاللام التي تعد أبرز أدواته ,والباء, والفاء , والتعليل بالحروف الثنائية : إنْ, وفي, ..الخ . وكذلك بينت التعليل بواسطة الأسماء (المفعول لأجله) والذي هو أحد المفاعيل في العربية والذي يأتي لبيان سبب و علة حدوث الفعل وهو بذلك يدخل ضمن مجموعة الأساليب التي تفيد التعليل, ثم استعرضت التعليل بالتراكيب التي تكون بواسطة حرف تعليل ملاصق للفظ معين  , فذكر الشيء مع علته أبلغ من ذكره بلا علة وهذا مارأيته في إتساق نصوص الفخري.
تقويم كتاب اللغة العربية المقرر للصف الثاني المتوسط في العراق من وجهة نظر المدرسين والمدرسات - واتجاهاتهم نحو تطوير المنهج
Authors: Dr. Hussain Ali Nasser Ali
Published: April 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقويم كتاب اللغة العربية (جزئين) للعام 2018-2019 المستخدم لصف الثاني في العراق كوجهة نظر المعلمين واتجاهاتهم في تطوير المناهج ، وكذلك معرفة العلاقة بين مواقفهم. والتقييم. يشمل هذا البحث كل معلم اللغة العربية للصف الثاني للعام 2018-2019 في مدينة بغداد. بلغت عينات الدراسة 300 معلم ومعلمة حيث استخدم المؤلف المنهج الوصفي بالتعامل مع أداتين في هذا البحث هما استبانة التقييم ومقياس الموقف.أفضل النتائج التي تمت ملاحظتها من هذا البحث هي أن هناك العديد من جوانب القوة في الكتاب المدرسي وأن الأشخاص الذين يعملون عليه يبذلون جهدًا جيدًا لإنتاجه وفقًا لمعايير الكتب المدرسية الجيدة. بينما ضعف الجانب الذي يجب أن يراعى فيه نطاق المادة العلمية في الكتاب المدرسي مع مدة الدورتين.التوصية المهمة هي تقليل بعض محتوى مفردات الكتاب المدرسي حتى تتناسب مع مدة دورات المناهج الدراسية. اقتراح الحل هو إنتاج كتاب إرشادي للمعلم ، وشرح بعمق طريقة كيفية التعامل مع المنهج والجوانب التعليمية لهذا المنهج الجديد الذي يعتمد على الدورات ، بحيث يمكن للمدرسين القيام بذلك على أكمل وجه.
EPIGENOMICS OF MAIZE HYBRIDS WITH REFERENCE TO KERNEL WEIGHT
Authors: & et al. Elsahookie
Published: April 2022

Hybrid vigour is one of the most important phenomena became in practice all over the world for its higher performance in maize and several other genera of crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. There is no single theory explains this phenomenon. The only general rule known about having hybrid vigour is that crossing between two genetically diversed inbreds. Epigenomics is thought to be involved in hybrid vigour. However, exact timing of maternal and paternal genomes after fertilization of the endosperm is still not totally understood. It is still believed that the ratio of maternal to paternal gene expression through endosperm development is 2m:1p. The diverged methylation level of the crossed inbreds could be involved in hybrids of maize, at least in part.
Characteristics of formation of the innovation process in Azerbaijan
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti (UNEC) magistrant, Məzahir oğlu Qurbanov Cavid
Published: April 2022

Müəssisələr üçün innovasiya, xərcləri minimuma endirmək, davamlı şəkildə gəlirliliyi artırmaq, keyfiyyətli standart məhsullar təqdim etmək və bütün idarəetmə proseslərini təkmilləşdirmək imkanı kimi izah edilə bilər. Bu mənada innovasiya, məhsullarda, istehsal proseslərində, marketinq və təşkilati fəaliyyətlərdə innovasiya vasitəsilə kommersiya faydaları yaradan müəssisələrin fəaliyyətidir. Müəssisələrdəki əmək bölgüsündə innovasiyaların əhəmiyyəti hər gün daha da artmaqdadır. Qloballaşan dünyada yüksək həyat standartlarına çatan, yüksək gəlirlilik və iqtisadi inkişafı təmin etməklə yanaşı, yüksək rəqabət gücündən asılı olaraq innovasiya rəqabət üstünlüyünün əsas vasitəsi kimi qiymətləndirilir. Bu mənada innovasiya və davamlı dəyişiklik müəssisələrdə uğur əldə etmək üçün qaçılmaz zərurətə çevrilir. Açar sözlər: innovasiya, əmək bölgüsü, innovativ inkişaf, iqtisadi innovasiya Cavid Mazahir Qurbanov Characteristics of formation of the innovation process in Azerbaijan Abstract For businesses, innovation can be explained as an opportunity to minimize costs, continuously increase profitability, provide quality standard products, and improve all management processes. In this sense, innovation is the activity of enterprises that generate commercial benefits through innovation in products, production processes, marketing and organizational activities. The importance of innovations in the division of labor in enterprises is growing every day. In a globalized world, innovation is seen as a key tool for competitive advantage, depending on its high competitiveness, while achieving high living standards, high profitability and economic development. In this sense, innovation and sustainable change become an inevitable necessity for enterprise success. Keywords: innovation, division of labor, innovative development, economic innovation
Family relations and its current state
Authors:   Qərbi Kaspi Universiteti magistrant, Nizami qızı Bağırzadə Hürnisə
Published: April 2022

Cəmiyyət inkişaf etdikcə onun dəyərləri daim dəyişir, yeni dəyərlər köhnələri sıxışdırıb çıxarır. Ailənin tarixi inkişafı buna əyani sübutdur. Məqalədə qeyd edilmişdir ki, ailə sosial institut kimi onun hər bir üzvü tərəfindən sosial normaların mənimsənilməsini, ona əməl edilməsini izləyir və nəzarət etmək funksiyasını yerinə yetirir. İrəli yaşda qadınlar daha aktiv, kişilər isə əksinə passiv olurlar. Sonda qeyd olundu ki, əgər gənc zamanın tələblərinə asanlıqla uyğunlaşırsa, yaşlılar isə bunu çətinliklə, dərk edirlər.Yaşlıların ənənəvi prinsiplərə əməl etdiyi halda, bu plandakı gənclər daha müasirdir. Gənclərin və yaşlıların fərqli dünyagörüşü təbiidir, xarakter xüsusiyyətləri ailənin yaradılmasında, ailədaxili münasibətlərin qurulmasında özünü göstərir. Bütün bu səbəblər araşdırılmalı, daha da insanların maariflənməsinə yönəldilməlidir. Açar sözlər: ailə, uşaq, cəmiyyət, münasibət, tərbiyə, valideyn Family relations and its current state Abstract As a society develops, its values are constantly changing, and new values displace the old ones. The historical development of the family is a clear proof of this. In the article it has noticed, that the family as a social institute carries out function of mastering of social norms by its each member, followings by it, and the control item. In advanced age of the woman there are more active, and men, on the contrary, passive. In the conclusion it has noticed, that if the youth with ease adapts for time requirements the elderly perceive it hardly. If the elderly adhere to traditional principles, the youth in this plan is more modern. The outlook, interests is natural, features of character of youth and older persons have been show at family creation, construction of intrafamily relations. All these reasons should have been investigate, and further directed on education of people. Key words: family, child, society, attitude, upbringing, parent
The concept of credit and the role of crediting in the economy
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti (UNEC) magistrant, Səlimxan oğlu Bədəlov Araz
Published: April 2022

İstehlak kreditləri günümüzdə ən aktual olan kreditin təzahür formalarından biridir. Bəzi hallarda istehlak kreditləri ilə bank kreditləri anlayışları eyniləşdirilir və yaxud da qarışdırılır. Lakin bu iki anlayış arasında kəskin fərqlər mövcuddur. Belə ki, istehlak kreditləri əhalinin ayrı-ayrı təbəqələrinin, fiziki və hüquqi şəxslərin zəruri ehtiyaclarını ödəmək məqsədilə verilən kredit növüdür. Bu forma istər pul formasında, istərsə də hər hansısa bir əmtəənin satın alınmasında iştirak edə bilər. Bu səbəbdən də istehlak kreditlərinin subyekti kimi yalnız banklar deyil, eyni zamanda da bank olmayan kredit təşkilatları və alış-veriş əməliyyatlarını həyata keçirən hüquqi şəxslər də çıxış edə bilər. Açar sözlər: əhalinin kreditləşməsi, kredit əməliyyatları, kreditin funksiyaları, iqtisadiyyat, istehlak kreditləri Araz Salimchan Badalov The concept of credit and the role of crediting in the economy Abstract Consumer loans are one of the most relevant forms of credit today. In some cases, the concepts of consumer loans and bank loans are equated or confused. However, there are sharp differences between these two concepts. Thus, consumer loans are a type of credit provided to meet the needs of certain segments of the population, individuals and legal entities. This form can be used in the form of money or in the purchase of any commodity. For this reason, not only banks, but also non-bank credit organizations and legal entities engaged in purchasing operations can act as subjects of consumer loans. Key words: population lending, credit operations, credit functions, economy, consumer loans
The Effect of Decreased Voice Quality in a VoIP Network
Authors: Ahmad Jazya M.
Published: April 2022

Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is a telephone system telecommunication technology that uses an IP (Internet Protocol) network. VoIP offers numerous advantages for customers and communication, including cost savings, phone and service portability, mobility, and integration with other applications. Because voice is sensitive to delay and jitter, bandwidth must be guaranteed while it is being transported. There are some issues with Quality of Service (QoS), the most significant of which is latency in VOIP. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of delay on speech quality in Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP). One source of delay is the buffer that already exists in the original multiplexing'-multicast node. There will be no buffering to store packets in the proposed multiplexing'-multicast algorithm, so any packet received will be sent immediately unless the packet arrives after a specific time or in a different order, where OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition simulation was used to analyze network performance.
A Study on the Relationship between Blood Group and Type of Cancer
Authors: Idris Ehsan M.
Published: April 2022

The presence and lack of blood antigens in some blood groups induce blood membrane changes, morphologically and functionally, and it is related to some kind of disease such as cancer. Structure-dependent functions of blood types can relate the blood groups to health and diseases. The study aimed to determine the association of "ABO" and "Rhesus" blood groups with the frequency of cancer. A total of 576 cancer patients participated in this study, and they were diagnosed with different types of cancer. The results showed that blood types A and O have a high rate of occurrence of breast cancer and lung cancer, the positive Rhesus blood type has a high incidence of breast cancer. Meanwhile, the Rhesus negative blood type has a high incidence of stomach cancer. In conclusion, this study supports previous studies about the relationship between the blood group type and the probability of cancers occurring.
Identification of the Most Important Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region – Soloq, Libya
Authors: N. Omar N.
Published: April 2022

A field survey was carried out to highlight the most important and problematic weeds of barley crop at District Beir Bullerjam, Soloq Region, Libya for two seasons (2020 to 2021). The current study is based on field research where recorded most weed the grown species by survey followed by using quadrats and finally calculating the weed density and their frequency. samples from the fields of the barley crop using a quadrat of size 1 m × 1 m randomly thrown at different points in the fields. The plants were identified with the help of available literature and through comparison with the already identified plant species. Data inventory has been documented in the form of family, Botanical name, vernacular name and life cycle. A total of 67 weed species belonging to 54 genera and 21 families of angiosperms. The dominant families according to the number of species were Asteraceae (14 species), Fabaceae (11 species), Poaceae (9 species), and Brassicaceae (7 species). The most dominant life cycle was annuals having 57 followed by perennials having nine species and biennials represented by only two species.The results further revealed that the highest density (43.48 mˉ²) and (30.36 mˉ²) were recorded for Lolium rigidum and Melilotus indicus respectively, while the highest frequency were recorded for Melilotus indicus and Eruca sativa with 84% and 80 respectively.
The combined effect of low-level laser therapy and dietary supplements at the microcirculation system in athletes
Authors: Brook T. M. , Litvin F. B. , Efremenkov K. N. , Kozlov V. I.
Published: April 2022

The problem of athletes’ body resistance to effects of extreme loadings which lead to decreased adaptive capabilities of the body and over training is particularly relevant in modern sports. In order to improve the physical performance of athletes, there is a constant search for new  tools and methods.  

Aim: to study the effect of dietary supplements at the microcirculation system, both in isolated use and in combination with low-level laser therapy.  

Material and methods. The study included 28 highly qualififi ed male all-around athletes of the CMC and MS levels. To study the parameters  of skin microcirculation, laser Doppler flfl owmetry (LDF) was used, device “LAKK-02” (NPP “LAZMA”). The following parameter was calculated:  microcirculation index (MI) proportional to the number of red blood cells in the diagnosed volume and their average velocity. The received  signal give the information about endothelial, neurogenic and myogenic active mechanisms of vascular tone regulation and passive mechanisms – respiratory and cardiac flfl uctuations in blood flfl ow; flfl ax index, specififi c oxygen consumption index by tissues, erythrocyte concentration  index in the probed blood volume and the ratio of coenzymes of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flfl avinadenine  dinucleotide (FAD) (NADH/FAD).  

Results. After isolated use of dietary supplements, the level of perfusion increases signififi cantly by 48 % (p < 0.05), and the value of the flfl ax  increases by 78 % (p < 0.05). More red blood cells by 22 % (p < 0.05) are released from blood depots into the microcirculatory bed. The tone  of arterioles decreases by 48 % (p < 0.05), of precapillary sphincters – by 59 % (p < 0.05). In mitochondria, ratio of NADH/FAD coenzymes  increases by 55 % (p < 0.05).  

Conclusion. Laser radiation in combination with dietary supplements optimizes recovery processes in the body of athletes who are subjected  to heavy physical exertion. Under the combined effect, the intensity of microcirculation increases, oxygen output of erythrocytes by hemoglobin  improves as well as its active diffusion from blood into tissues and participation in the ATP synthesis at the level of cell mitochondrial. It is worth  noting that there is similarity in the isolated use of dietary supplements and in combination with low-energy laser radiation which enhances  the mechanism of action of dietary supplements.
High-intensity laser photocoagulation and cryodestruction in the treatment of patients with skin scars
Authors: Yudin V. A. , Vasin I. V. , Kachanova T. A.
Published: April 2022

Purpose: to assess the effects of combined application of high-level laser photocoagulation and simultaneous cryodestruction at pathological scars on the skin.

Material and methods. Two groups included patients of both genders aged 18 and older. Patients from the fi rst (main) group (n = 60) had simultaneous high-level laser irradiation and cryodestruction on scar tissue; patients from the second (control) group (n = 30) were treated separately with laser irradiation and cryodestruction. For laser irradiation, laser devise CO2-laser AKHIL with wavelength 10.6 μm, pulsed frequency 10–20 Hz and power 5–15 W was used. For cryodestruction, apparatus “KRIO-RM-01” was used: tip cooling speed of 220 °C/min, the temperature of 180 °C on the tip working part, exposure time – 15–20 sec. The treated patients had hypertrophic and keloid scars. Etiologically, scars were of post-traumatic, postoperative, post-eruptive types. Evaluation criteria were histological examination of biopsy material with eosinhematoxylin, patients’ quality of life, examination of scar zone.

Results. The obtained results demonstrate that the combined application of two physical factors (laser + cryo) at scar tissue increases satisfactory outcomes in patients with hypertrophic scars by 75 % and by 53.4 % in the control group. Relapses were seen in both groups: 25 % in the main group and 46 % in the control group. Morphologically, one can see positive changes in degradation of rough fi brous tissue.

Conclusion. A combined application of high-intensity laser photocoagulation and simultaneous cryodestruction has been proven to be effective in patients with pathological skin scars.
Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil Using TiO2CaO as a Heterogenous Catalyst
Authors: Ali Nasr Abdulkareem  , Nurul Fitriah Nasir
Published: April 2022

Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that is an alternative to fossil diesel that is non-toxic and produces less CO emissions. Transesterification process is a conventional mechanism to produce biodiesel from vegetable oil with a homogeneous or heterogenous catalyst. However, heterogenous catalysts are considered as more efficient than homogenous catalysts. Recently, TiO2/CaO has been used as a compound heterogenous catalyst to produce biodiesel produce from palm oil, waste cooking oils and algae. In this research, biodiesel was manufactured using canola oil as a feedstock and titanium dioxide / calcium oxide (TiO2/CaO) as a catalyst. The aim of this study is to prepare the catalyst, investigate the transesterification process and measure the chemical and physical biodiesel properties. Catalyst preparation required four stages: dry mixing, wet mixing, water separation and catalyst activation where there were two temperature phases (200 °C and 600 °C). Catalyst mixed with methanol by 1:16 ratio had different mixing time phases (30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes). The Transesterification process was by blending the catalyst-methanol mixture with canola oil under 3 phases (4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours). The catalyst characterization was by analysis of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), temperature activation effects and activation time effects. The transesterification process analysis showed that the optimization conditions to produce biodiesel are 600 °C activation catalyst temperature, 90 minutes of catalyst-methanol mixing, 1.5% wt. catalyst concentration and 5 hours of transesterification time. The biodiesel yield was 96.9%. Moreover, new parameters were applied for this research (time and temperature of activation catalyst, catalyst-methanol mixing parameters and transesterification process conditions). Biodiesel properties (kinematic viscosity, flash point and water content) were measured according to ASTM D6751 standards and similarity was 98%. Therefore, biodiesel can be produced from canola oil and TiO2/CaO, but this still needs more studies on several topics such as the blending of canola with multi feedstocks, the ethanol impact and catalyst poisoning in the case of using TiO2-CaO as a catalyst.
Energy Efficiency and Optimization of Buildings for Sustainable Development in Malaysia
Authors: Rajeanderan Revichandran  , Jaffar Syed Mohamed Ali  , Moumen Idres  , A. K. M. Mohiuddin
Published: April 2022

Energy is the core requirement for all sectors to operate efficiently and successfully. Many sectors in Malaysia progressively uses more energy as its economy grows rapidly. The main four energy expending sectors are Industry, transportation, business and private structures. Decisively, business and private structures contribute about one third of its whole energy utilization. Corresponding to high energy utilization in Malaysia, Building Energy Efficiency (BEE) has been pulling in progressively added enthusiastically by the government of Malaysia. At present state the main difficulties faced by the organizations to achieve the BEE target are due to design restrictions of the constructions and financial obstacles that are faced by the developers. To overcome such obstacles solid energy saving tactics are in reach if early preventions are engaged, that may allow Malaysian government to progress with social and financial development in the next 50 years to come while guaranteeing the energy supply and upgrading nations territorial and global ecological standards. The particular ideal energy prospects won't happen with the current approach of Malaysian government. Recognizing the flaws and barriers met under earlier initiatives, the Malaysian government launched National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP). These activities brought out by the government, thus to ensure the sustainability of the future energy framework of BEE. As highlighted the Malaysian government must focus monitoring on compliance and requirements of the BEE, thus to ensure the sustainability of the future energy framework. This paper uncovers the advancement and current situation of BEE in Malaysia, highlights its focus issues, and propose recommendation for its development which includes choices to improve the energy frameworks designed for better overall maintenance.
El movimiento por un partido obrero independiente en México como un caso de marxismo de base desde el Abya Yala
Authors: Márquez Duarte Fernando David , Plumeda Aguilar Liliana , Ramos Sánchez Raúl
Published: April 2022

La necesidad de que la clase trabajadora cuente con un Partido Obrero Independiente (POI) es una discusión actual en los movimientos de la izquierda mexicana. Tomamos como caso de estudio la construcción de un Movimiento por un Partido Obrero Independiente (MPOI) en México. El análisis sobre la construcción del MPOI se apoya en una discusión teórica de diferentes enfoques marxistas, así como en el estudio de las particularidades del caso en México. La metodología utilizada en este proyecto se resume en un trabajo cualitativo, llevando a cabo un trabajo de observación participativa; sumado una revisión documental extensa de las actas y relatorías de las reuniones del MPOI; e investigación bibliográfica para el apartado teórico. Las conclusiones específicas a las que llegamos son: la necesidad de incorporar el movimiento de liberación y emancipación de las mujeres en las luchas de emancipación del proletariado, que continúan sufriendo una doble y hasta triple explotación bajo el capitalismo, y que, en el caso particular de México, también se manifiesta como problema principal la violencia sufrida por las mujeres. Asimismo, se concluye que el uso de las tácticas de Frente Único Obrero (FUO) y Frente Único Antiimperialista (FUA) constituye un elemento importante, lo que denominamos como “Marxismo de base desde el Abya Yala”, teorizando el marxismo desde la praxis.
Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Perempuan (Kajian Perbandingan Indonesia-India)
Authors: Salamor Yonna Beatrix , Salamor Anna Maria
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Violence that occurs against women today is an individual problem or a national problem, but it is a global and even transnational problem. This is because violence against women is related to human rights issues. Violence against women does not only accur in Indonesia. Almost in every country women face various types of violence. One of the most prominent countries with violence against women is India.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this article is to find out about the comparison of sexual violence against women in Indonesia and India.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research that uses legal sources of material obtained through literature studies and statutory regulations.Results of the Research: Sexual violence against women is not only a problem in Indonesia, but also a problem in various parts of the world. Cases of sexual violence against women that accur in Indonesia-India continue to increase. Therefore, cases of violence against women in Indonesia must be handled properly. One of them must have legal regulation as a basis for preventing sexual violence against women. In India it self already has regulations on sexual violence against women but the handling is not running effectively due to caste factors, economic factors.
Kepemilikan Tanah Oleh Warga Negara Asing Melalui Perjanjian Pinjam Nama Sebagai Bentuk Penyelundupan Hukum Dalam Hukum Perdata Internasional
Authors: Hetharie Yosia
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Land as a gift from God Almighty deserves to be protected, managed and preserved. In the regulation of land law in Indonesia, based on the UUPA, land ownership with property rights is only by Indonesian citizens. The practice that occurs is that foreigners who carry out legal smuggling efforts through name-borrowing agreements to be able to control and own land in Indonesia with property rights.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the practice of borrowing names in land ownership by foreigners in Indonesia as a form of international civil law smuggling.Methods of the Research: This study uses a normative juridical method. The approach used is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach with primary and secondary legal sources. The technique of collecting legal materials is through literature study. The legal materials obtained were analyzed qualitatively in order to answer the existing problems.Results of the Research: A name borrowing agreement is an agreement made between a person who according to law cannot be the subject of certain land rights (property rights), in this case a foreigner and an Indonesian citizen, with the intention that the foreigner can control (own) the right of ownership legally. facto, but legally-formally (dejure) the property rights are in the name of the Indonesian citizen. The name-borrowing agreement is clearly a form of legal smuggling to avoid regulations that stipulate that foreigners are not eligible as subjects of land ownership rights holders in Indonesia in accordance with the provisions in Article 9 paragraph (1) jo. Article 21 paragraph (1) of the UUPA clearly states that only Indonesian citizens can have full relations with the earth, water and space, and clearly stipulates that only Indonesian citizens can have property rights.
PROBLEMATIC FACEBOOK USE AND DEPRESSION AMONG HUE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF STRESS AND ANXIETY
Authors: Ho Thi Truc Quynh
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of stress and anxiety in the relationship between problematic Facebook use and depression among Hue University students. A total of 211 Hue University students participated in responding to Bergen's Facebook addiction scale and its shortened version DASS 21. Research results show that stress and anxiety play a mediating role in the path from history. Facebook use has a problem with depression in students. The findings of this study provide the basis for recommending depression prevention and treatment measures for students who use Facebook with problems.
CHEHRA: An Application for Forensic Face Sketch Construction and Recognition
Authors: Aditi Mohan  , Sejal Matekar  , Prof. Prashant Itankar
Published: April 2022

In this modern age, the overall crime rate is increasing day-by-day and to cope up with this the law enforcement departments too should find ways that would speed up the overall process and help them in bringing one to justice. One such way can be using face recognition technology for identifying and verifying the criminal. The traditional approach here is to use the hand-drawn face sketches drawn by forensic sketch artist to identify the criminal, modernizing this would mean using the hand drawn sketch and then matching them with the law enforcement departments database to identify the criminal. We believe, there is a need for creating an application which would not just provide a set of individual features like eyes, ears, mouth, etc. to be selected to create a face sketch but also would help in finding the criminal much faster and efficiently.
The Achievement of Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target in Patients with Very High Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratified by Triglyceride Levels Despite Statin-controlled Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Al-Sabti Hilal , Al-Hinai Ali T. , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , Al-Hashmi Khamis , Al Mahmeed Wael , Arafah Mohamed , Shehab Abdullah , Al Tamimi Omer , Al Awadhi Mahmoud , Al Herz Shorook
Published: April 2022

Objectives: We sought to estimate the percentage achievements of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) target in patients with very high atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk stratified by triglyceride (TG) levels despite statin-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the Centralized Pan-Middle East Survey on the under treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Methods: The non-HDL-C target achievement in patients with diabetes mellites (DM) and patients with established ASCVD was defined according to European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society 2019 guidelines for managing dyslipidemia. Patients were stratified to controlled LDL-C defined as < 70 mg/dL (< 1.8 mmol/L) with normal TG < 150 mg/dL (< 1.7 mmol/L) and high TG between 150–400 mg/dL (1.7–4.5 mmol/L). Results: The mean age of our cohort was 58.0±11.0 years, 6.8% (n = 717) were male, 9.7% (104) were smokers, and 48.4% (n = 518) had body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m2. Those with high TG levels male (76.5% vs. 63.8%; p < 0.001), smokers (16.1% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.001), have metabolic syndrome (77.6% vs. 17.1%; p < 0.001), and low HDL-C levels (79.2% vs. 49.4%; p < 0.001). The majority (93.9%, n = 1008) were on statins (atorvastatin and rosuvastatin) with only 2.2% (n = 24) on the combined statins plus fenofibrate/gemfibrozil. Only 27.4% (n = 294) of patients had non-HDL-C goal attainment. Goal attainment rates in patients with diabetes (3.1% vs. 34,4%; p < 0.001), coronary artery disease (CAD) (2.4% vs. 37.9%; p < 0.001), diabetes plus CAD (0% vs. 40.0%; p < 0.001), and CVD (0% vs. 30.0%; p =0.048) were significantly lower in those with higher TG levels. Conclusions: A large proportion of statin-controlled LDL-C diabetic patients and patients with established ASCVD with high TGs did not achieve the non-HDL-C target. Our study did not demonstrate an association between ASCVD and high TG levels; and therefore, a follow-up study is highly required to assess long-term ASCVD outcomes in this cohort.