bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and C-reactive Protein Reflects Renal Interstitial Inflammation in Drug-Induced Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Authors: Zheng Xi-zi , Gu Yang-hui , Su Tao , Zhou Xu-jie , Huang Jun-wen , Sun Ping-ping , Jia Yan , Xu Da-min , Wang Su-xia , Liu Gang , Yang Li
Published: January 2020

Background: A renal biopsy is needed to define active inflammatory infiltrate and guide therapeutic management in drug-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (D-ATIN). However, factors like various contraindications, refused informed consent or limited technical support, would stop the process. It is thus of great importance to explore some approaches that could deduce the probable pathologic changes. Methods: 64 biopsy-proven D-ATIN patients were enrolled from a prospective cohort of ATIN in Peking University First Hosptial. Systemic inflammation score (SIS) was developed based on the levels of CRP and ESR at biopsy and patients were divided into high-SIS, median-SIS, and low-SIS groups. The demographic data, clinicopathologic features, and renal outcome were compared. Results: SIS correlated positively with inflammatory cell infiltration and inversely with interstitial fibrosis. The number of each kind of interstitial inflammatory cells increased significantly with the increase in SIS. The proportions of neutrophils and plasma cells were the highest in patients with high-SIS than the other two groups. Prednisone (30–40 mg/day) was prescribed in all the patients. High-SIS group tended to have more favorable renal restoration than the other two groups. By 12 months post-renal biopsy, decreased eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) was observed in 70.0% of medium-SIS patients, 33.3% of high-SIS patients, and 29.4% of low-SIS patients. Conclusion: SIS was positively correlated with active tubulointerstitial inflammation and therefore could help to aid therapeutic decisions in D-ATIN.
Disease Features Associated with a low Disease Impact in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Results of a Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study
Authors: Queiro Rubén , Cañete Juan D , Montoro María , Gómez Susana , Cábez Ana
Published: January 2020

Background Patient reported outcomes measures, such as those provided by the the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire, have been found to be a reliable indicator of change during treatment, predictive of long-term outcomes, and the impact of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) on patients’ lives. The objective of the study was to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of PsA patients with a low disease impact and to analyze predictive factors for that state.Methods Post-hoc analysis of a cross-sectional multicenter study that included 223 consecutive patients. The Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire was used to estimate disease impact. Patients with a PsAID < 4 were considered in low disease impact. Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) response and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were also assessed. The degree of agreement between the different outcomes was addressed by Cohen´s kappa index.Results One hundred and twenty-two (54.7%) patients reached a PsAID <4. Among them, 52.0% and 68.0% presented articular or skin remission, respectively. Almost 75% of patients were in MDA state and 85.2% presented a low disability state according to the HAQ. A moderate concordance between HAQ ≤ 0.5 and PsAID <4 (k=0.53), fair between MDA and PsAID <4 (k=0.36), and moderate between DAPSA remission and PsAID <4 (k= 0.46), was observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) disease (OR 0.40, 95%CI: 0.20-0.79, p=0.009), family history of PsA (OR 0.25, 95%CI: 0.09-0.72, p=0.010), and higher C-reactive protein (OR 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85-0.99, p=0.036) were significantly less likely to reach a PsAID < 4.Conclusions There is certain discrepancy between disease activity measures and a low impact of disease in PsA. Clinical features (DIP joint involvement), biologic activity, and genetic factors (familial history), seem to be associated with lower odds of reaching a low disease impact.
Joint modelling of longitudinal and time-to-event data: An illustration using CD4 count and mortality in a cohort of patients initiated on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Mchunu Nobuhle Nokubonga , Mwambi Henry , Reddy Tarylee , Yende-Zuma Nonhlanhla , Naidoo Kogieleum
Published: January 2020

Background: Modelling of longitudinal biomarkers and time-to-event data are important to monitor disease progression. However, these two variables are traditionally analyzed separately or time-varying Cox models are used. The former strategy fails to recognize the shared random-effects from the two processes while the latter assumes that longitudinal biomarkers are exogenous covariates, resulting in inefficient or biased estimates for the time-to-event model. Therefore, we used joint modelling for longitudinal and time-to-event data to assess the effect of longitudinal CD4 count on mortality. Methods: We studied 4014 patients from the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) who initiated ART between June 2004 and August 2013. We used proportional hazards regression model to assess the effect of baseline characteristics (excluding CD4 count) on mortality, and linear mixed effect models to evaluate the effect of baseline characteristics on the CD4 count evolution over time. Thereafter, the two analytical approaches were amalgamated to form an advanced joint model for studying the effect of longitudinal CD4 count on mortality. To illustrate the virtues of the joint model, the results from the joint model were compared to those from the time-varying Cox model. Results: Using joint modelling, we found that lower CD4 count over time was associated with a 1.3-fold increase in the risk of death, (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.27-1.42). Whereas, results from the time-varying Cox model showed lower CD4 count over time was associated with a 1.2-fold increase in the risk of death, (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12-1.23). Conclusions: Joint modelling enabled the assessment of the effect of longitudinal CD4 count on mortality while correcting for shared random effects between longitudinal and time-to-event models. In the era of universal test and treat, the evaluation of CD4 count is still crucial for guiding the initiation and discontinuation of opportunistic infections prophylaxis and assessment of late presenting patients. CD4 count can also be used when immunological failure is suspected as we have shown that it is associated with mortality. Keywords: Time-to-event data; longitudinal data; joint models; CD4 count; mortality; bias
ART initiation and predictive factors among men who have sex with men living with HIV after the implementation of new ART strategy in China: an observational cohort study
Authors: Chen Weiyi , Wang Zixin , Fan Xiaoyan , Li Linghua , Xu Huifang , Fan Lirui , Yang Fan , Du Xuan , Yang Tinglong , Hao Chun , Li Jinghua , Hao Yuantao , Gu Jing
Published: January 2020

BackgroundChina started the new antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategy since 2016, after which free ART could be provided for all people living with HIV. We aimed to understand the prevalence of ART initiation among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV and to explore how ART-related perceptions, psycho-social status etc. predict ART initiation under the new strategy.MethodsA cohort study (maximum follow-up period = 578 days) was conducted in Guangzhou, China. A total of 303 ART-naïve MSM were recruited from community. Baseline information collected demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS-related health status, ART-related perceptions, weighting of pros versus cons and psycho-social status. The outcome was ART initiation. Cox regression models were fitted for data analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of ART initiation was 83.8% of all participants and 92.6% of MSM diagnosed recently (within 30 days). In multivariate Cox regression models, HIV-positive MSM received HIV diagnosis ≤30 days were less likely to initiate ART (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.28-0.49). In adjusted analyses, belief that immediate ART initiation would have more benefit for themselves associated with increased ART initiation (HRa = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06-1.96). In the final model, weighting of pros versus cons and time since diagnosis of HIV infection remained significant.ConclusionThe prevalence of ART initiation was high among MSM living with HIV in Guangzhou. To reach the second 90% target, measures should be focused on MSM previously diagnosed. Interventions showing HIV-positives the benefits of ART were also needed.
Emission-related Heavy Metal Associated with Oxidative Stress in Children: Effect of Antioxidant Intake
Authors: Killian Brittany , YUAN TZU-HSUEN , Tsai Cheng-Hsien , Chiu Tina H. T. , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Chan Chang-Chuan
Published: January 2020

Background: Heavy metals, the common pollutants emitted from industrial activities, are believed to cause harmful effects partially through the mechanism of elevated oxidative stress, and the antioxidant intake have been hypothesized to provide a potential protective effect against oxidative stress in human. Therefore, the objective of our study is to investigate the environmental exposure of heavy metals and the associated oxidative damage of young children living near a petrochemical complex and to assess the potential protective effect of dietary antioxidant intake. Methods: There were168 children recruited from the kindergartens near a huge petrochemical complex, with 87 as the high exposure group and 81 as the low exposure group. Urinary concentrations of eleven metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and four biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The food frequency questionnaire was collected to assess participants’ intake of antioxidants. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the significant predictors of metals for oxidative stress and to measure the potential beneficial effect of antioxidants. Weighted quantile sum regression was performed to determine the highest contributors among metals to the oxidative stress biomarkers. Results: Study subjects in high exposure grouphad significantly higher concentrations of chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic, strontium, cadmium, and lead when compared to those in low exposure group. There was no obviously difference on the total antioxidant intake and dietary profile between the two groups.The elevated levels of two oxidative stress markers were significantly associated with most of the urinary metal concentrations in all study subjects after adjusting confounding factors, while no significant association was found between oxidative stress and antioxidant intake. Among the metals, mercury and strontium showed the dominated contributions for elevated levels of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Higher metal exposure were associated with elevated oxidative stress but with no protective affect by the antioxidant intake among the young children residents near a petrochemical industry.
Lactic acid level as an outcome predictor in pediatric patients with intussusception in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yong , Byun Young-Hoon , Park Jun-Sung , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong-Min , Choi Seung Jun
Published: January 2020

BackgroundIntussusception decreases blood flow to the bowel, and tissue hypoperfusion results in increased lactic acid levels. We aimed to determine whether lactic acid levels are associated with pediatric intussusception outcomes.MethodsThe electronic medical records of our emergency department pediatric patients diagnosed with intussusception, between January 2015 and October 2018, were reviewed. An outcome was considered poor when intussusception recurred within 48 hours of reduction or when surgical reduction was required due to air enema failure.ResultsA total of 249 patients were included in the study, including 39 who experienced intussusception recurrence and 11 who required surgical reductions; hence, 50 patients were included in the poor outcome group. The poor and good outcome groups showed significant differences in their respective blood gas analyses for pH (7.39 vs. 7.41, P = .001), lactic acid (1.70 vs. 1.30 mmol/L, P < .001), and bicarbonate (20.70 vs. 21.80 mmol/L, P = .036). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that pH and lactic acid levels were the two factors significantly associated with poor outcomes. When the lactic acid level cutoff values were ≥1.5, ≥2.0, ≥2.5, and ≥3.0 mmol/L, the positive predictive values for poor outcomes were 30.0%, 34.6%, 50.0%, and 88.9%, respectively.ConclusionLactic acid levels affect outcomes in pediatric patients with intussusception; higher lactic acid levels are associated with higher positive predictive values for poor outcomes.
Abacavir versus Zidovudine-Based Regimens for treatment of HIV-Infected Children in resource limited settings: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mega Teshale Ayele , Usamo Firehiwot Belayneh , Negera Getandale Zeleke
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAbacavir (ABC) and Zidovudine(AZT) based regimens are the preferred first line nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTIs) backbones being widely utilized for managing HIV infection in children. However, there is a dearth of data regarding the clinical outcomes and associated risk factors in Ethiopia. We compared the proportion of mortality and the rate of occurrence of Opportunistic Infections (OIs) with ABC versus AZT based regimens in a cohort of HIV-infected children. MethodsA 42 months retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 179 records were reviewed by including data from October 2014 to April 2017. Data were collected on socio-demographic, clinical characteristics of patients and drug related variables. Data were analyzed using STATA13.1. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to compare survival experience and identify independent predictors. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to elucidate the average treatment effects of each regimen over OIs.ResultOf 179 patients, 98 (54.7%) were females. The mean (+SD) age of the study subjects was 6.53 ± 2.83 years. Through 42 months analysis, a total of 4 patients (1 (1.14%) from ABC group and 3 (3.3%) from AZT group (p=0.339)) were died. The incidence of opportunistic infections attributed to ABC group was 8.77/100,000 person years (py) and that of AZT was 6.9/100,000py. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for OIs was (IRR=0.87, 95% CI [0.49-1.53] (p=0.304). Baseline CD4 count (AHR= 0.99, 95% CI [0.98-0.99]), Severe acute malnutrition AHR=15.92, 95% CI [5.34-47.50], and exposure to tuberculosis treatment (AHR=2.93, 95% CI [1.39-6.17]) were the independent predictors for the development of OIs. ConclusionABC and AZT based ART regimens seem to have comparable survival benefit among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia. Therefore, both regimens might be used as an alternative in resource limited settings.
The value of MR-based radiomics in identifying residual disease in patients with carcinoma in situ after cervical conization
Authors: Song Mengfan , Lin Jing , Song Fuzhen , Qian Zhaoxia , Wu Guangyu , Wu Dan
Published: January 2020

PurposeTo develop a magnetic resonance (MR)-based radiomics model for identifying residual disease in patients with carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) after cervical conization.Method110 patients who had CIS after conization and finally underwent hysterectomy were collected to comprise a database to establish an imaging model for predicting the residual status after conization. The imaging features were extracted from the cervical areas around the conization margin, and the performance of the imaging model was compared using different feature selection methods and with that of the pathological positive margins using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis. Then, patients who opted for uterine preservation were included and were classified as high-risk or low-risk patients according to the radiomics model. The disease-free survival was compared between the different risk groups using the Kaplan-Meier curve.ResultsThe model with Boruta features achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.889 and an accuracy of 87.3% in the test cohort and significantly outperformed the model created with the random forest method, which had an AUC of 0.701 (p = 0.039), and the positive margins (p = 0.004). Further validation with patients with uterine preservation showed that the patients classified as high risk with the radiomics model were more likely to have tumor recurrence/residual disease in the follow-up period than low-risk patients(p = 0.024).ConclusionsRadiomics can be used to identify residual disease in patients with CIS after cervical conization and could have the potential to predict recurrence in patients who opt for uterine preservation.
Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan
Authors: Kawakami Norito , Fukasawa Maiko , Sakata Kiyomi , Suzuki Ruriko , Tomita Hiroaki , Nemoto Harumi , Yasumura Seiji , Yabe Hirooki , Horikoshi Naoko , Umeda Maki , Suzuki Yuriko , Shimoda Haruki , Tachimori Hisateru , Takeshima Tadashi , Bromet Evelyn J
Published: January 2020

Background: People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of (developing) poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.

Methods: Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in Japan (the shelter group) and a random sample of 852 community residents of East Japan (the general population). The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected.

Results: Response rates were 49% and 46%, for the shelter group and general population, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population, although the rate of remission was significantly lower in the shelter group. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group.

Conclusions: The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower. Post-disaster mental health service is required to take into account the prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.
Determinants of Hypertension Self-management Behaviors: An Application of the Intervention Mapping Approach
Authors: Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Jalilian Farzad , Hosseini Seyyed Nasrollah , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Fatahi Mohhamad , Solaimanizadeh Laleh , Mahboubi Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Background Hypertension is one of the key risk factors for several diseases; can be followed several complications. The aim of this study was determine the determinants of hypertension self-management behaviors based on intervention mapping approach.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 hypertension patients in the in southwestern Iran, during 2018 which was systematic random sampling selected for participation in this study. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data and data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using t-test, the ANOVA, bivariate correlations and linear regression analysis.Results The mean age of respondents was of 58.25 years (SD: 12.10), ranged from 30 to 74 years. These results suggest that the assessed constructs explained 51% of the variance in hypertension self-management behaviors. The best predictors for hypertension self-management behaviors were barriers, outcome expectations and self-efficacy.Conclusion The current study provides support for the use of intervention mapping approach in predicting hypertension self-management behaviors. These findings have implications for the evidence based design of hypertension self-management behaviors promotion interventions.
What are sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adults users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study
Authors: Hedna Khedidja , Fastbom Johan , Skoog Ingmar , Hensing Gunnel , Waern Margda
Published: January 2020

Background Late-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy. Methods We used national longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006-2014 (N=1,413,806). Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals' data from numerous national registers. We identified all those with at least one episode of non-fatal self-harm (regardless of level of intent to die) and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with non-fatal SH in the total cohort and among antidepressant users and non-users. Risk factors were analysed in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender. Results In all, 2242 individuals had at least one episode of a non-fatal SH (980 men and 1262 women). In the total cohort, being married was a protective factor for non-fatal SH in men but not in women. A higher non-fatal SH risk was found in antidepressant users from outside Nordic countries (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11-1.86), and in non-users of antidepressants from other Nordic countries (IRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08-2.29). Antidepressant users with higher education had an increased risk of non-fatal SH (IRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12-1.61), in both men and women. Conclusions Being married did not mitigate risk of self-harm in older women. Foreign country of birth and higher education were associated with increased risk of non-fatal SH. Healthcare professionals and social workers must be informed about high-risk groups for suicidal behaviour, and ensure they are adequately monitored both in term of antidepressant therapy and access to psychosocial support.
Symptoms in the general Norwegian population - prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Krogstad Hilde , Loge Jon Håvard , Grotmol Kjersti , Kaasa Stein , Kiserud Cecilie Essholt , Salvesen Øyvind , Hjermstad Marianne Jensen
Published: January 2020

Background Patients' own perceptions and evaluations of symptoms, functioning and other health-related factors, i.e. Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs), are important elements for providing good patient care. Symptoms are subjective and best elicited by the patient orally or by using PRO measures (PROMs). Reference values on frequently used PROMs facilitate the interpretation of PROMs scores both in clinics and research settings, by comparing patient data with relevant samples from the general population.Objectives Study objectives were to (1) present reference values for the M.D. Anderson Symptom inventory (MDASI) (2) examine the occurrence and intensity of symptoms assessed by the MDASI in a general Norwegian population sample, and (3) examine factors associated with higher symptom burden defined as the sum score of all symptoms, and factors associated with symptoms' interference on functionsMethods In 2015, MDASI was sent by mail to a representative sample of the general Norwegian population (N = 6165). Medical comorbidities were assessed by the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire. Depression was self-reported on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Linear multivariable regression analysis was used to examine for factors associated with MDASI sum score and factors associated with symptoms’ interference on functions.Results The response rate was 36%. More females (54%) than males (46%) responded. Mean age was 55 years (SD 14). The most frequent symptoms were fatigue (59.7%), drowsiness (56.2%) and pain (56.1%). Fatigue, pain and disturbed sleep had the highest mean scores. The presence of one or more comorbidities, increasing PHQ-9 score and lower level of education were associated with higher MDASI sum score (p<0.001). The MDASI sum score and the PHQ-9 score were positively associated with all interference items (p<0.001) except for walking (p=0.22).Conclusion This study provides the first Norwegian reference values for the MDASI. The presence of one or more comorbidities, higher level of depressive symptoms and lower level of education were significantly associated with higher MDASI sum score. These covariates must be controlled for when using the reference values.
“Got to build that trust”: Aboriginal Health Workers’ perspectives and experiences of maternal oral health
Authors: Kong Ariana C , Sousa Mariana S , Ramjan Lucie , Dickson Michelle , Goulding Joanne , Gwynne Kylie , Talbot Folau , Jones Nathan , Srini Ravi , George Ajesh
Published: January 2020

Background Aboriginal Health Workers provide a unique insight into understanding the health needs of the Aboriginal peoples in the community on account of their cultural knowledge, experiences and understanding of the health services. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of Aboriginal Health Workers towards oral health care to inform the development of an oral health care program to better meet the oral health needs of Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers.Methods A participatory action research methodology informed the study. Focus groups were conducted with Aboriginal Health Workers at two antenatal health services in Sydney, Australia.Results A total of 14 people participated in the focus groups. The four themes that emerged from the focus groups provided insight on the importance of trust in the building of empowering relationships with Aboriginal women and highlighted the need for Aboriginal Health Workers to receive additional training to better address the oral health needs of Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers. However, the Aboriginal Health Workers worked in a system fundamentally driven by the legacy of colonisation and integenerational trauma that has created systemic barriers to access of health services, including dental care. The participants recommended that a priority dental referral pathway, that supported continuity of care, could provide increased accessibility to dental care for Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers.Conclusions The oral health of Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers is supported by Aboriginal Health Workers, who outlined both a systems and an individual approach in delivery of existing dental care. The Aboriginal Health Workers provided recommendations to develop a program of dental care that could break down the systemic factors that create barriers to accessing dental care for Aboriginal women.
Effects of stigma, hope and social support on quality of life among Chinese patients diagnosed with oral cancer: A multi-center, cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cui Chun-Ying , Wang Yu , Wang Lie
Published: January 2020

BackgroundImprovement of quality of life (QoL) has been one of goals in health care for people living with oral cancer. This study aimed at assessing the QoL and investigate the effects of stigma, hope, social support on QoL among Chinese oral cancer patients. MethodsA multiple center cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Stomatology Hospital of China Medical University in Liaoning province, China between May 2016 and October 2017. A total of 230 oral cancer patients were recruited to complete a questionnaire including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N), the Social Impact Scale (SIS), the Herth Hope Index (HHI) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Univariate one-way ANOVA/t-test, Person’s r and hierarchical linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the influence factors of QoL and the relationships between stigma, hope, perceived social support and QoL. ResultsThe mean QoL score was 90.85±20.15 among the patients with oral cancer. Stigma was negatively related to QoL, explaining 39.3% of the variance. In addition, hope and perceived social support were positively associated with QoL, explaining 8.1% of the variance.ConclusionOverall, Chines patients with oral cancer are suffering from a relatively low level of QoL. Stigma was significantly and negatively associated with QoL, while hope and perceived social support were positively associated with QoL. Oral cancer patients’ psychological status should be addressed and adequate intervention based on positive psychological resources should be provided to improve the QoL of patients with oral cancer.
How gender-specific are predictors of post-MI HRQoL? A longitudinal study
Authors: Wlodarczyk Dorota , Ziętalewicz Urszula
Published: January 2020

Purpose Extant research shows that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) differs between female and male survivors of myocardial infraction (MI), but the reasons for this are not fully understood. We aimed to examine gender differences in predictors of HRQoL in survivors during the first year after MI.Methods At timepoints 1 and 2 the sample comprised 222 MI survivors (59 women and 163 men; M age 53.84 years, SD = 6.71; range 24-65) referred for in-patient cardiac rehabilitation. This number dropped to 140 participants (42 women and 98 men) at the third timepoint, approx. one year after MI. We examined gender differences in various predictors of physical and mental HRQoL: demographic factors (age; gender identity; marital status; education), disease-related factors (pre- and post-MI), personality and coping with stress.Results Stepwise regressions were performed to investigate how the relationships between the four groups of predictors and HRQoL varied with gender. Initially both physical and mental HRQoL were lower in women than men, but the differences disappeared at timepoint 3. We captured gender differences in factors shaping HRQoL at all timepoints. Substantially fewer factors predicted physical HRQoL in women than in men. The role of predictors also changed over time.Conclusions The psychosocial resources that influence HRQoL differ substantially between women and men; however trait anxiety predicted HRQoL in both genders. Further studies with a different or broader range of predictors are needed.
Diabetes care cascade in Ukraine: An analysis of breakpoints and opportunities for improved diabetes outcomes
Authors: Stuart Robyn , Khan Olga , Abeysuriya Romesh , Kryvchun Tetyana , Lysak Viktor , Bredikhina Alla , Durdykulyieva Nina , Mykhailets Volodymyr , Kaidashova Elvira , Doroshenko Olena , Shubber Zara , Wilson David , Zhao Feng , Fraser-Hurt Nicole
Published: January 2020

Background Diabetes is one of the leading causes of poor health and high care costs in Ukraine. An estimated 3 million adults live with the condition, placing diabetes in the top ten causes of years lived with disability. To prevent diabetes complications and alleviate the financial burden of diabetes care on patients, the Ukrainian government reimburses diabetes medication and provides glucose monitoring, but there are significant gaps in the care continuum. We estimate the costs of providing diabetes care and the most cost-effective ways to address these gaps in the Poltava region of Ukraine.Methods We gathered data on the unit costs of diabetes interventions in Poltava region in 2017 and estimated expenditure on diabetes care. We then applied the Cascade Analysis Tool, a model for analyzing and optimizing health service implementation, to estimate the optimal combination of facility-based and outreach screening and investigate how additional funding could best be allocated to improve glucose control outcomes.Results Of the ~40000 adults in diabetes care, only ~25% achieved sustained glucose control. Monitoring costs were higher for those who did not: by 10% for patients receiving non-pharmacological treatment, by 61% for insulin patients, and twice as high for patients prescribed oral treatment. Investments in initiatives to improve treatment adherence (e.g. medication copayment schemes, enhanced adherence counseling) would address barriers along the care continuum and we estimate such expenditures may be recouped by reductions in patient monitoring costs. Improvements in case detection are also needed, with only around two-thirds of estimated cases having been diagnosed. Outreach screening campaigns could play a significant role: depending on how well-targeted and scalable such campaigns are, we estimate that 10–46% of all screening could be conducted via outreach, at a cost per positive patient identified of US$7.12–9.63.Conclusions Investments to improve case detection and treatment adherence are the most efficient interventions for improved diabetes control in Poltava region. Quantitative tools such as the Cascade Analysis Tool provide essential decision support for targeting investment into services which close the gaps in implementation.
Dengue risk map using GIS based on socio-environmental and climatic variables in residential area
Authors: Adnan Ruhil Amal , Ramli Mohammad Firuz , Othman Hidayathul Fathi , Asha’ri Zulfa Hanan , Ismail Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed , Zaudi Muhammad Amar , Umar Da’u Abba
Published: January 2020

Background Dengue, a major international health problem, is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. Due to the lack of a vaccine, vector control by tackling the contribution factors may reduce dengue incidence. By understanding the factors contributed to the vector densities such as sociological, environmental and climatic factors, dengue prevention and control will succeed.Objective This study is aimed at determining the major sociological, environmental and climatic factors contributing to dengue cases and to produce the risk map based on the contributing factorsMethods Questionnaire survey of 379 respondent with dengue history were utilized. The climatic data were obtained from Malaysia Meteorological Department. Geographical Information System (GIS) technology has been used to integrate the socio-environmental and climatic factors with dengue casesResult The chi-square results revealed that there is a significant association between respondent’s dengue history and houses that are shaded with vegetation (p= 0.012) and the present of playground areas near the residential (p = 0.011) whilst Pearson’s Correlation showed that dengue cases in Kuala Lumpur were significantly correlated with temperature, relative humidity and rainfall (p < 0.05)Conclusion The study identified socio-environmental factors that play an important role to develop the risk maps. The risk map can be useful baseline for decision maker to strategize and create preventive measure for controlling aedes mosquitoes.
Pharmacodynamics of siRNARANKL and Oestrogen Loaded MSNs-CADY on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection
Authors: Song Liang , Shi Xiaojun , Hu Fengling , Chen Huijuan , Xu Bin , Li Yinghua , Li Yan
Published: January 2020

Background: Periodontitis irreversibly invades and destroys periodontal supporting tissues, loses the ability of periodontal regeneration and restoration, and eventually leads to tooth loosening and loss. periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) hold great promises for periodontal tissue regeneration which was the potential target of periodontitis treatment, siRNARANKL and oestrogen can help PDLSCs maintain normal function, however, it was very difficult for siRNARANKL and oestrogen to get into PDLSCs. Here, Cell penetrating peptide CADY was modified on the surface of siRNARANKL and oestrogen loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to carry them into Porphyromonas gingivalis infected PDLSCs, Then further affect the proliferation of PDLSCs. Methods: 120-150 nm Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) was prepared, and the biocompatibility, loading capacity and drug release properity were tested; MSNs was modified by penetrating peptide CADY and the prepared MSNs/CADY was loaded with siRNARANKL and oestrogen; In vitro drug release of siRNARANKL/MSNs-CADY and oestrogen/MSNs-CADY was tested by using semi-permeable dialysis bag diffusion; Cellular uptake and internalization of FITC-Labeled MSNs and FITC-Labeled MSNs-CADY was observed by use of Laser confocal microscopy; Finally, the effect of siRNARANKL and oestrogen loaded MSNs-CADY on cell proliferation of Porphyromonas gingivalis infected human periodontal ligament stem cells was tested by MTT assay. Results: according to the results, MSNs-CADY with a concentration of 6.25-200 ug/mL have no toxic to PDLSCs; 24.6 mg oestrogen and 0.5 mM siRNARANKL can be loaded into 1mg of MSNs-CADY; and drug loaded MSNs-CADY nanodrug carriers can release siRNARANKL and oestrogen stably for at least 48 h; After modification with cell penetrating peptide CADY, more MSNs-CADY can be taken by PDLSCs. siRNARANKL/oestrogen/MSNs-CADY can increase the proliferation of PDLSCs significantly. Conclusion: siRNARANKL/oestrogen/MSNs-CADY constructed can significantly improve the cell proliferation of P-gingivalis infected PDLSCs, this nano drug carrier has the potential to be used in PDLSCs -based periodontitis treatment, this work provided a useful theoretical basis and therapeutic ideas for the treatment of periodontitis.
Improving maternal and child nutrition in China: An analysis of nutrition policies and programs initiated during the 2000-2015 Millennium Development Goals era, and implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Huang Xin , Yang Bo , Liu Qin , Zhang Ruilin , Tang Shenglan , Story Mary
Published: January 2020

Background: Although good progress was made in maternal and child nutrition during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) era, malnutrition remains one of the major threats on global health. Therefore, the United Nation set several nutrition-related goals in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There is much to be learned from individual countries in terms of efforts and actions taken to reduce malnutrition in order to achieve the nutrition-related SDGs. China as a developing country launched a number of nutrition improvement policies and programs, that resulted in dramatic progress in improving maternal and child nutrition during the MDGs era. This study explored the impact, experiences and lessons learned from nutrition policies and programs initiated in China during the MDGs era, and implications to achieve the SDGs for China and other developing countries. Method: The CNKI database and official websites of Chinese Government were searched for reviews on nutrition-related policies and intervention programs. A qualitative study was conducted among key informants from the Chinese government, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Universities for two major national nutrition intervention programs. Results: The literature review documented that during the MDGs six nutrition policies and eight trans-province and nationwide nutrition intervention programs collectively made good progress in improving maternal and child nutrition in China. Nutrition Policies tended to be targeted at infants and children, with less attention on reproductive and maternal nutrition. Nutrition intervention programs focused primarily on undernutrition and achieved positive results, while for breastfeeding improvement and prevention and control on overweight and obesity were limited. Results from the qualitative study indicated that effective nutrition program implementation was facilitated through cooperation of multiple sectors and by government and NGOs partnerships, however, still face challenges of insufficient local working funds, monitoring and inadequate management. Conclusion: Nutrition policies and intervention programs promulgated in China during the MDGs era made major contributions to the rapid decline of undernutrition, and are in line to achieve the SDGs related to child wasting, stunting, low birth weight and anemia in reproductive-age women. However, policies and program implementation are needed to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates and reduce obesity to achieve the SDGs.
Reconstruction of ancestral diploid karyotype and evolutionary trajectories leading to the formation of Camelina sativa chromosomes
Authors: Zhang Zhikang , Meng Fanbo , Sun Pengchuan , Yuan Jiaqing , Ge Ke , Liu Chao , Wang Weijie , Wang Xiyin
Published: January 2020

Background: Belonging to lineage Ⅰ of Brassicaceae, Camelina sativa is formed by two hybridizations of three species (three sub-genomes). The three sub-genomes were diverged from a common ancestor, likely derived from lineage Ⅰ (Ancestral Crucifer karyotype, ACK). The karyotype evolutionary trajectories of the C. sativa chromosomes are currently unknown. Here, we managed to adopt a telomere-centric theory proposed previously to explain the karyotype evolution in C. sativa. Results: By characterizing the homology between A. lyrate and C. sativa chromosomes, we inferred ancestral diploid karyotype of C. sativa (ADK), including 7 ancestral chromosomes, and reconstructed the karyotype evolutionary trajectories leading to the formation of C. sativa genome. The process involved 2 chromosome fusions. We found that sub-genomes Cs-G1 and Cs-G2 may share a closer common ancestor than Cs-G3. Together with other lines of evidence from Arabidopsis, we propose that the Brassicaceae plants, even the eudicots, follow a chromosome fusion mechanism favoring end-end joining of different chromosomes, rather than a mechanism favoring the formation circular chromosomes and nested chromosome fusion preferred by the monocots. Conclusions: The present work will contribute to understanding the structural and functional innovation of C. sativa chromosomes, providing insight into Brassicaceae karyotype evolution.
Estimating the enzyme specificity and glucose concentration of sugar solutions
Authors: Singh Rishan
Published: January 2020

The function of the human body are controlled by enzymes and hormones. Similarly, in the laboratory, the enzyme, glucose oxidase, is used to hydrolyse glucose. In the human body, glucose and insulin control blood glucose levels, which are dependent on food intake. In this study, the enzyme specificity and glucose concentration of sugar solutions would be estimated. In order to achieve this, an experiment involving the use of indicator strips and a two-fold serial dilution was performed. Furthermore, conclusions on blood glucose and serum insulin levels would also be discussed from a given data set.
Morphological variation of Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze, 1891 (Arecaceae) in continental and insular environment
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula Jejesky de , Lourenço Amanda Toledo
Published: January 2020

Various evolutionary and ecological aspects in isolated environments, such as islands, associated with speciation events, play a role in biological diversification. In this sense, the morphological characteristics of Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze, 1891 (Arecaceae) species on mainland and island were evaluated to detect possible differences that reflect adaptive responses to the island environment. This study provides the first demonstration on the relationship of morphological differences of A. arenaria species. Height, perimeter, and total number of fruits and flowers from each plant were used for nonparametric analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test. The plants of the island did not show evident patterns in the different morphological characteristics of the plants of the continent. It is believed that the species may not be a good representative of adaptive evidence for islands.
Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Solar-to-Hydrogen Energy Conversion: Recent Advances of CdS
Authors: Wei Yuxue , Qin Honglin , Deng Jinxin , Cheng Xiaomeng , Cai Mengdie , Cheng Qin , Sun Song
Published: January 2020

Background:

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting using photocatalyst
semiconductors is one of the most promising solutions to satisfy the increasing demands of a rapidly
developing society. CdS has emerged as a representative semiconductor photocatalyst due to its suitable
band gap and band position. However, the poor stability and rapid charge recombination of CdS
restrict its application for hydrogen production. The strategy of using a cocatalyst is typically recognized
as an effective approach for improving the activity, stability, and selectivity of photocatalysts.

Introduction:

Solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting is one of the
most promising solutions to satisfy the increasing demands of a rapidly developing society. CdS has
emerged as a representative semiconductor photocatalyst due to its suitable band gap and band position.
However, the poor stability and rapid charge recombination of CdS restrict its application for
hydrogen production. The strategy of using a cocatalyst is typically recognized as an effective approach
for improving the activity, stability, and selectivity of photocatalysts. In this review, recent
developments in CdS cocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting under visible-light irradiation
are summarized. In particular, the factors affecting the photocatalytic performance and new
cocatalyst design, as well as the general classification of cocatalysts, are discussed, which includes a
single cocatalyst containing noble-metal cocatalysts, non-noble metals, metal-complex cocatalysts,
metal-free cocatalysts, and multi-cocatalysts. Finally, future opportunities and challenges with respect
to the optimization and theoretical design of cocatalysts toward the CdS photocatalytic hydrogen
evolution are described.

Methods:

This review summarizes the recent developments in CdS cocatalysts for hydrogen production
from water splitting under visible-light irradiation.

Results:

Recent developments in CdS cocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting under
visible-light irradiation are summarized. The factors affecting the photocatalytic performance and
new cocatalyst design, as well as the general classification of cocatalysts, are discussed, which includes
a single cocatalyst containing noble-metal cocatalysts, non-noble metals, metal-complex cocatalysts,
metal-free cocatalysts, and multi-cocatalysts. Finally, future opportunities and challenges
with respect to the optimization and theoretical design of cocatalysts toward the CdS photocatalytic
hydrogen evolution are described.

Conclusion:

The state-of-the-art CdS for producing hydrogen from photocatalytic water splitting under
visible light is discussed. The future opportunities and challenges with respect to the optimization
and theoretical design of cocatalysts toward the CdS photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are also described.