bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Howling shadows: First report of domestic dog attacks on globally threatened mountain tapirs in high Andean cloud forests of Colombia
Authors: Cepeda-Duque Juan Camilo , Arango-Correa Eduven , Frimodt-Møller Christian , Lizcano Diego J.
Published: April 2024

Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are recognised worldwide not only as man’s best friend, but also as a form of anthropogenic edge effect impacting wildlife through predation, competition and disease infection. In the Northern Andes, there is growing evidence of dogs inducing activity shifts or alterations in the habitat use of native mammalian species. However, little information exists on direct attacks of dogs on wildlife, even in the case of species of conservation concern such as the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque). Here, we used camera traps to report two cases of dogs chasing and attacking mountain tapirs in a protected area of the Central Andes of Colombia. The first event showed a direct physical contact between a living adult mountain tapir and two dogs, but the picture’s angle did not lead to observable signs of wounds or other injuries. The second event showed an adult mountain tapir running while being chased by the same two dogs of the first event, denoting a stressful moment for the tapir. This may have negative consequences on the populations of mountain tapirs through decreased reproductive performance and foraging efficiency, increased potential for disease outbreaks and more. Population management and control of domestic dogs inside and around protected areas must be considered a priority in future conservation actions to support a healthy population of mountain tapirs and other imperilled species in the region.
A new species and a replacement name in Cynanchum (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadeae) from China
Authors: Liao Miao , Zeng Si-Jin , Zeng Lin-Ya , Yin Hai-Jun , Yan Mao-Lin , Zhang Cai-Fei , Tang Guang-Da
Published: April 2024

Cynanchum pingtaoi S.Jin Zeng, G.D.Tang & Miao Liao, sp. nov. (Apocynaceae) from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Its deeply cordate to reniform leaves and campanulate, large flowers show that it is a member of former Raphistemma Wall., which has been included in Cynanchum L.. It is different from all former Raphistemma species by the broadly ovate corolla lobes, purple-red corolla and connivent corona tip slightly exceeding the corolla throat. Meanwhile, Cynanchum longhushanense G.D.Tang & Miao Liao, nom. nov. is proposed as replacement name for Raphistemma brevipedunculatum Y.Wan, which was considered a synonym of Cynanchum hooperianum (Blume) Liede & Khanum but is here reinstated as a distinct species because of significant morphological differences.
Polyarteritis Nodosa Confined to the Kidneys in a Patient with Proteinuria and Mild Renal Impairment
Authors: Seo Young Kyeong , Kim Taehee , Kim Yeong Hoon , Kim Yunmi , Huh Hyuk , Kim Byeong Woo
Published: April 2024

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis predominantly involving medium- or small-sized arteries, typically of the kidneys and other internal organs. Given the rarity of PAN and the variable clinical presentation, diagnosis is challenging and, to date, no definitive diagnostic marker has been identified. A patient diagnosed with immunoglobulin A nephropathy was observed to exhibit deterioration in renal function. To determine whether new structural abnormalities had developed, computed tomography scans of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder were obtained. Both kidneys exhibited multiple cortical defects, and a renal angiogram was performed to determine the cause. Angiography revealed partial obliteration of the left distal renal artery branches and multifocal extensive infarctions in both kidneys, and the patient was diagnosed with renal-limited PAN. Following steroid monotherapy, an improvement in renal function was observed. We believe that this case report may be helpful to physicians who assess and treat patients with suspected renal-limited PAN.
La performance d’une entreprise sans hiérarchie
Authors: Assens Christophe , Bouchez Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2024

Pour rendre les collaborateurs plus autonomes dans leurs tâches afin d’améliorer la performance de l’entreprise, un courant de recherche sur « l’entreprise libérée » prône l’inversion de la pyramide hiérarchique. Cet article vise à discuter de la portée de ce courant de recherche à la lumière d’une étude de cas exploratoire portant sur la démocratie concertative au sein du groupe Hervé. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les principaux fondements théoriques associés au concept « d’entreprise libérée » : la question du sens, le rôle du dirigeant libérateur, les principes d’égalité entre les collaborateurs, l’autodétermination dans la prise de décision, les valeurs de transparence et de responsabilité dans le style de management. De cette manière, nous révélons les conditions pour concilier la performance économique avec le bien-être au travail.
Le droit du commerce international, un exemple de résistance à la transversalité ?
Authors: Racine Jean-Baptiste
Published: April 2024

Les enseignements de droit du commerce international ne sont pas naturellement portés à faire une place de choix à l’environnement et à la transition écologique. Il y a ainsi une résistance apparente à l’intégration des problématiques liées à la transition écologique dans l’enseignement du droit du commerce international. Cependant, il y a aussi une ouverture naturelle de l’enseignement aux enjeux environnementaux, en raison, notamment de la tendance (réelle ou souhaitable) d’une évolution de la matière vers un droit du commerce international non plus uniquement tourné vers la croissance économique, mais également vers des objectifs de durabilité.
L’environnementalisation du droit du travail au milieu du gué
Authors: Sachs Tatiana
Published: April 2024

Bien que dédié à l’encadrement des rapports de travail salarié, le droit du travail fait place aux considérations environnementales. Le droit positif, comme les travaux de la doctrine, s’emparent des questions environnementales. Si ce mouvement d’environnementalisation du droit du travail va croissant, il n’est pas sans rencontrer de limites, qui tiennent, notamment, à la prégnance d’un « paradigme croissantiel » et au poids des séparations (séparation homme/nature ; entreprise/environnement). Les manières dont le droit du travail intègre les préoccupations environnementales s’en trouvent marquées. Qu’elle soit directe ou indirecte, l’incorporation des préoccupations environnementales se heurte alors à un plafond de verre.
Que font les humanités numériques aux sciences dites humaines ?
Authors: Huneman Philippe
Published: April 2024

Les humanités sont affectées massivement par les nouveaux outils numériques, recueil de données comme traitement algorithmique de ces données. Au-delà des facilités de stockage de textes et de navigation dans des corpus, dans quelle mesure le tournant digital transforme-t-il les humanités ? Dans cet article, je m’appuierai sur le constat précédemment dressé dans Les sociétés du profilage (Huneman, 2023) du glissement d’une épistémologie plutôt causale vers une épistémologie purement statisticaliste et prédictive lorsque les données massives opèrent, pour interroger la nature et la nouveauté des humanités dites digitales. À partir d’une description du « data mining » en histoire des sciences, je généraliserai la description des humanités numériques comme modélisation décentrante en troisième personne. Dans un dernier temps, j’analyserai leur place dans le système des humanités, en insistant sur l’exigence d’une positon critique spécifique impliquant la dimension herméneutique des humanités, pour que le tournant numérique exprime sa puissance de nouveauté plutôt qu’un redoublement stérile ou un remplacement fort biaisé des savoirs existants.
Dobni stereotipi i položaj vlastite dobne skupine u društvu iz perspektive osoba starije životne dobi
Authors: Skokandić Lea
Published: April 2024

Age stereotypes and meta-stereotypes about older persons represent personal and socially conditioned generalised assumptions about what older persons should be like, how they should act and what will they probably experience as members of that age group, not taking into consideration individual differences among them. Current understanding points to numerous adverse effects of self-stereotyping, stereotyping and ageism on self-understanding, self-efficacy, health and welfare of older persons. Due to a lack of knowledge of the experience of the position of older persons in our society and their view on typical members of their age group, this research aimed to gain deeper insight through using qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews included 40 respondents from a younger group of older persons. Qualitative analysis of the content of statements determined the stereotypes that the respondents have about physical appearance, psycho-physical characteristics and behaviours connected to social relationships of older persons. The position of older persons in society is mostly experienced as unfavourable and socially excluded by the state and society. Key words: age stereotypes, ageism, older persons, qualitative approach.
Experience of Project-Based Learning: Challenges, Assessment, and Analysis
Authors: Alarfaj Mohammed , S.Raja Mohamed  , Slim Chtourou  , Hesham Enshasy  , Aly Aboulnaga  , Hassan Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Though theoretical knowledge is essential, there is a growing belief that when teaching applied sciences, particularly engineering, a great emphasis should be placed on the development of students’ practical skills. Therefore, some courses and curricula need to be revised to enhance the current state of education in this field. This can be achieved through the introduction of project-based learning (PBL). The PBL approach is ideal for teaching engineering disciplines because its framework promotes critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for a professional engineering career. This paper explains the implementation and comparative analysis of the PBL method in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering at King Faisal University. The challenges faced in this implementation include incorporating the PBL approach into the departments’ overall instructional technique, defining the roles of PBL coordinators, and addressing the characteristics of the PBL problems that arise in the courses offered. Furthermore, the implementation of PBL projects is evaluated based on the common courses offered in both departments. It is taken as an example and assessed based on problem-solving, teamwork skills, and the outcomes of accreditation board for engineering and technology. The results of this implementation are reported in this paper. Furthermore, we actively shared our experience managing course projects remotely during the fall semester, which COVID-19 impacted. Recommendations for future work are discussed, emphasizing the importance of having sufficient resources and fostering collaboration with industry and researchers from diverse disciplines.
Games and Arts as Tools for Developing Generic Skills in Engineering Students
Authors: Yepes Zuluaga Sara Maria , Pineda Arias Margarita
Published: April 2024

In today’s educational landscape, the integration of innovative pedagogical approaches is essential for improving student learning. In this respect, game-based learning appears to be a strategy that not only actively engages students—who often struggle to understand scientific concepts, leading to negative emotions and discouragement—but also helps them acquire transferable skills. Particularly in the field of telecommunications engineering, where the practical application of knowledge is essential, the use of educational games offers a unique opportunity to explore and reinforce specific and general skills. In this study, a cross-sectional quantitative methodology was implemented using a representative sample of 64 undergraduate students in the sixth semester of the telecommunications engineering program at a public university. In general, educational games are primarily intended to evoke emotions in participants, such as enjoyment, to help them cultivate a “receptive learning mindset” and to effectively teach a specific subject. In contrast to these approaches, the game proposed in this study incorporates humanistic skills and artistic tools to construct antennas within a specific context. This enabled students to engage in a practical, applied learning experience in their field of study, focusing on three key aspects: appropriating knowledge, building values, and learning about life, as well as recognizing others in society and interacting with the environment. The results obtained using the proposed game-based strategy were compared with those obtained using conventional teaching tools. The results showed that play not only imparted knowledge but also contributed to students’ overall development by fostering the values and skills essential to their personal and professional success. The results underscore the significance of developing games that authentically simulate project processes and activities. This emphasizes the importance of aligning game dynamics with real-world challenges and situations in the field of telecommunications engineering. This simulation-based approach may be the key to maximizing the impact of game-based learning on the training of future professionals in this field. This comparative study helps fill a gap in knowledge about game-based learning in engineering education by providing valuable insights. It is also important to comprehend the impact of game-based learning on an antenna course and the students’ willingness to engage with this innovative teaching style in the classroom.
Integration of GeoGebra Calculator 3D with Augmented Reality in Mathematics Education for an Immersive Learning Experience
Authors: Iparraguirre-Villanueva Orlando , Paulino-Moreno Cleoge , Chero-Valdivieso Henry , Espinola-Linares Karina , Cabanillas-Carbonell Michael
Published: April 2024

The use of augmented reality (AR) with GeoGebra allows for the contextualization of mathematical operations in real-world situations. In this approach, the teacher presents questions or problems that students solve using visualization and experimentation software. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of integrating the GeoGebra 3D calculator with AR. For the development of this study, the quasi-experimental method was employed, involving the comparison of results between two groups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). We worked with a population of 78 students. The study conducted confirms the use of the GeoGebra calculator in 3D with AR. AR effectively enhances mathematical learning. Seventy percent of the students in the EG achieved an outstanding level of performance, while 30% reached an expected level. In addition, a positive attitude towards mathematics was observed in 100% of the students. These results demonstrate that using the GeoGebra calculator in 3D with AR has a positive impact on mathematics learning. While in CG, 10% achieved the expected level of performance, 85% were in progress, and 5% were at the initial stage. Finally, it was concluded that the GeoGebra calculator in 3D with AR is very useful. It helps enhance the teaching and learning (TL) of mathematics and motivates students, making the development of class sessions more dynamic.
A Gender Role Perspective on Women’s Leadership in Chinese Higher Education
Authors: Wang Hongli , Wareewanich Thitinant
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the relationship between women’s gender roles and their leadership in the context of Chinese higher education. Based on a questionnaire survey of 438 female leaders at various levels in Chinese higher education institutions, the research results show that gender-related factors such as family-role orientation and gender self-confidence have a close correlation with leadership aspiration and leadership self-efficacy. The results show that women’s family-role orientation has a negative effect on women’s leadership aspirations and leadership self-efficacy, while women’s gender self-confidence does not have a positive effect on leadership aspirations and leadership self-efficacy as hypothesized. Both family-role orientation and gender self-confidence have a close correlation with leadership aspirations. Leadership aspiration significantly mediated the effects between family-role orientation and leadership self-efficacy. These findings revealed the characteristics and changes in the relationship between gender and leadership among women leaders in Chinese higher education.
Enterprise Risk Management Practices and Financial Performance of Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Athuraliyage N. M. , Liyanage C. J.
Published: April 2024

The apparel industry plays an important role in the Sri Lankan economy. However, based on the previous literature, apparel factories continuously face many internal and external risks and business recessions that affect their performance. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify the impact between enterprises' risk management practices and firm’s financial performance.To achieve the said objective, researchers carried out a questionnaire-based survey of 167 managers who were involved in enterprise risk management in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka, applying a simple random sampling method. This study is quantitative research that adopts ontological and positivist research philosophy. The Statistical analysis has been done through correlation coefficient analysis with the SPSS software.Results found that small apparel factories' risk management systems turned out to be relatively weak and informal. Further, firm size and management attitude toward risk have been shown to significantly impact enterprises’ risk management practices and company financial performance. The findings confirmed a strong positive correlation between risk management practices and financial performance in the Sri Lankan apparel sector.
Modified advancement transposition flap for squamous cell carcinoma with periauricular location
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Kordeva Simona
Published: April 2024

A 74-year-old male presented to the dermatology department with tumor formation located in the left auricle area, measuring 2 cm in size. The tumor exhibited surface erosions and periphereal erythema. Additionally, in the right lower eyelid and temporal regions, clinically suspected lesions for squamous cell carcinomas were noted. [...]
Should Medicine be Taught in Leading Medical Languages or the Mother Tongue?
Authors: Hamad Abdullah Ashraf , Amer Basma Ehab
Published: April 2024

In non-English speaking developing countries, several debates have arisen over choosing the language of instruction in medical education, whether it should be one of the leading medical languages, such as English, or the mother tongue. In this article, we discuss this debate and provide a brief review of the pedagogical evidence supporting the superiority of the mother tongue as a language of instruction. We also highlight the academic challenges associated with second-language-based medical education and emphasize the impact of language of instruction on the doctor–patient relationship and health care. Finally, we examine the reasons or arguments for not including the mother tongue in medical education. In conclusion, the importance of English as a leading scientific and medical language should not overshadow the crucial role of the native language as the language of instruction in non-English speaking countries. Each country should develop strategies to include the mother tongue in medical education, following the example of developed countries.
Rhythm Generating Mechanisms in Rat Sinoatrial Node
Authors: Charles Jesi , Nedumaran Latha , Raman Swetha , Vinod Elizabeth , Rajasegaran Rajalakshmi , Vadivel Kamalakannan , Bhaskar Anand , Subramani Sathya
Published: April 2024

Background:

The major membrane currents responsible for sinoatrial (SA) rhythm generation are generally studied in isolated cardiac cells using electrophysiological tools. Such studies are resource and labor-intensive.

Materials and Methods:

Here, we have studied four major currents in isolated rat heart preparations, perfused in Langendorff mode, and demonstrate that this is a good preparation for such studies. Heart rates of isolated perfused rat hearts were recorded using surface electrocardiogram before and after perfusion with drugs and solutions that affect the four major currents responsible for SA rhythm generation.

Results:

The rates of whole isolated hearts beating with SA rhythm decreased with cesium and decreased by about half with ivabradine, both blockers of the funny current (If). Importantly, the rhythm was not abolished even with a high dose of ivabradine at which total blockade of If is expected. The rate was not affected by nickel, a blocker of T-type calcium current. The SA rhythm was abolished by the reduction or removal of sodium from the perfusate (interventions that inhibit the calcium-extrusive mode of the sodium-calcium exchanger) or by nifedipine, the L-type calcium channel blocker.

Discussion:

The inferences made based on these observations are (a) If contributes significantly to pacemaking, (b) ICaT does not play a role and (c) INCX and ICaL are obligatory rhythm-generating currents in the SA node. Cyclical calcium release from SR during diastole (the calcium clock), responsible for driving INCX in its forward mode is probably a phenomenon independent of membrane events, as total If blockade did not abolish rhythm generation. These results corroborate with published literature where most studies were done on single cells.
Comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of thermomechanically treated NiTi rotary instruments in simulated curved canals with two different radii of curvature: An in vitro Study
Authors: Hamid Tahira , Malik Azhar , Kumar Ajay , Anjum Shamim
Published: April 2024

Background:

This study aimed to compare the effect of heat treatment on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three different nickel–titanium rotary file systems: TruNatomy, HyFlex CM, and NeoEndo flex in simulated curved canals at two different radii of curvatures.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 NiTi rotary files of three types were used, and the samples were divided into three groups TruNatomy, HyFlex CM, and NeoEndo flex. All the instruments were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing using a stainless steel custom-made canal model with a 60° angle of curvature and two radii of curvature 5 mm and 3 mm; the number of cycles to fracture and length of the fractured segment was measured. The separated instruments were subjected to fractographic analysis under scanning electron microscope.

Results:

The number of cycles to failure to fracture a file at a 3 mm radius of curvature is significantly less as compared to a 5 mm radius of curvature (HCM > TRN > NE).

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of the present study, there was a positive correlation between the radius of curvature and fatigue life of NiTi files.
Assessment of different irrigation techniques on the penetration depth of different sealers into dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscope: An in vitro comparative study
Authors: Kachari Megha , Adarsha M. S. , Meena N. , Kumari Anitha , Sudhanva ME , Vijayalakshmi L.
Published: April 2024

Background:

The effective disinfection of the entire root canal system aids in the penetration of irrigants into the dentinal tubules further improving sealer penetration and achieving a three-dimensional seal in endodontically treated teeth. Various final irrigation techniques can be employed to achieve this goal. Therefore, this study intended to assess and compare the efficacy of three final irrigation techniques on the depth of penetration of two root canal sealers into dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

Methods:

Forty-eight single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and decoronated to a length of 12 mm. All the samples were prepared using ProTaper Gold rotary files and divided into three groups: Group 1 – Conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), Group 2 – passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and Group 3 – Pro-agitator tip system (PATS). Each group was divided into two subgroups: Subgroup A – AH Plus and Subgroup B – GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB). Then, sealers were mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B dye and the samples were obturated. All the samples were sectioned at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex and visualized under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) (10×) for maximum mean penetration depth and percentage of sealer penetration. Statistical analysis was done using the independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance test, followed by Tukey’s Post hoc analysis.

Results:

PUI performed better in the apical third, whereas PUI and PATS showed comparable results in the middle third for both depth and percentage of sealer penetration. Among the two sealers, GFB performed better than AH Plus in both the apical and middle third. These values were statistically significant. (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Final irrigation activation with PUI or PATS can significantly improve sealer penetration. The average depth of penetration of GFB both at the middle and apical third of the root was significantly superior to AH Plus.
Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of curcumin-coated gutta-percha versus nanocurcumin-coated gutta-percha against Escherichia coli: An in vitro study
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Bhushan Jagat , Mehta Manjula , Sidhu Kitty , Jhamb Swaty , Panwar Deepika , Kakkar Vandita , Kumari Parina
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Due to its biological and antibacterial qualities, many plants, including curcumin, are used as phytomedicines in dentistry. They are primarily used as intracanal medication in endodontics to prevent probable chemical side effects and also to address antimicrobial resistance. Curcumin nanoformulations have improved antibacterial activity and improved dispersion, making them the superior form of curcumin. The purpose of this study was to assess curcumin and nanocurcumin’s antibacterial properties. As a gutta-percha coating, they are to be tested against Escherichia coli.

Materials and Methods:

The study employs the standard strain of E. coli, ATCC 25922. The antibacterial activity of gutta-percha cones against E. coli is assessed after coating them with suspensions of curcumin and nanocurcumin. Scanning electron microscopy is utilized to evaluate the coatings’ continuity.

Results:

The gutta-percha cones that are untreated, coated with curcumin, and coated with nanocurcumin exhibit significantly different levels of antibacterial activity. There is statistically significant variation in their antibacterial activity.

Conclusion:

(1) Compared to curcumin-coated and untreated gutta-percha cones, those coated with nanocurcumin exhibit a stronger antibacterial activity. (2) Compared to uncoated gutta-percha cones, gutta-percha cones coated with curcumin exhibit more antibacterial action.
Prevalence of dental caries among coronavirus disease 2019-recovered patients and correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity in Kalaburagi region of Indian subpopulation
Authors: Halkai Kiran R. , Halkai Rahul
Published: April 2024

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has vastly affected mankind worldwide, and its long-term effect on oral health needs to be studied.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Kalaburagi region of the Indian subpopulation.

Methods:

About 80 subjects (16–55 years) were included in the study based on selection criteria and were divided into two groups (n = 40). Group 1: no history of COVID-19 infection and Group 2: COVID-19-recovered subjects. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 20) A and B with and without dental caries. Dental caries was assessed using the decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT) index by the World Health Organization. About 5 ml of unstimulated saliva samples was collected and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected. Salivary TAC was estimated using 2,2′-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic] acid assay and observed under spectrophotometer (734 nm).

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality distribution followed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.05).

Results:

COVID-19-recovered subjects showed a higher prevalence of dental caries and lower TAC levels than non-COVID-19 subjects.

Conclusion:

Higher prevalence of dental caries with lower levels of salivary TAC was found in COVID-19-recovered individuals.
Internal root resorption in permanent mandibular molars – A rare entity: Report of two cases
Authors: Rathi Shravan , Nikhil Vineeta , Sharma Ayushi , Chandani Roshni
Published: April 2024

The cases presented here aim to highlight the occurrence of a very rare internal root resorption (IRR) of inflammatory type among mandibular molars (prevalence 0.01%–1%). Patients reported in the outpatient department with a chief complaint of pain in the lower posterior region of the jaws, on thorough clinical and radiological examinations a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis was made and nonsurgical root canal treatment was planned using thermoplastic obturation technique along with the use of magnification, cone-beam computed tomography, endosonics, and intracanal medicament to attain a successful outcome. Six-month follow-up showed arrest of IRR. This report of two cases with a literature review discusses the etiology, prevalence of IRR, the clinical decision, and the therapeutic management. Early detection of such resorption is the key to successful management and preserves the integrity of the tooth.
The efficacy of ultrasound-guided upper thoracic erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in proximal shoulder surgery and its effect on phrenic nerve function: A prospective exploratory study
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Talawar Praveen , Dhar Mridul , Azam Qumar , Tripathy Debendra K. , Singla Deepak , Jain Gaurav , Priyanka Sangadala , Jamgade Deepali D. , Rekha
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

The upper thoracic (T2) erector spinae plane block (UT-ESPB) has been proposed as an alternative to interscalene brachial plexus block for postoperative analgesia in shoulder surgery. The current study was conducted to evaluate the same.

Material and Methods:

Patients scheduled for shoulder surgery under general anesthesia (GA) received ultrasound-guided UT-ESPB. The outcomes measured were diaphragmatic movements, block characteristics, and quality of recovery at 24 h.

Results:

A total of 43 patients were recruited. The incidence of phrenic nerve palsy was 0%. The sensory level achieved by the maximum number of patients at the end of 30 min was C7-T5 level, and none had a motor block. Forty-two percent of patients did not require rescue analgesia till 24 h postoperative. In the rest of the patients, the mean (SD) duration of analgesia was 724.2 ± 486.80 min, and the mean postoperative requirement of fentanyl was 98.80 ± 47.02 μg. The median pain score (NRS) during rest and movement is 2 to 3 and 3 to 4, respectively. The median quality of recovery score at the end of 24 h after the block was 14 (15–14).

Conclusion:

The upper thoracic ESPB resulted in a sensory loss from C7-T5 dermatomes without any weakness of the diaphragm and upper limb. However, the block was moderately effective in terms of the total duration of analgesia, postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirement, and quality of recovery in patients undergoing proximal shoulder surgeries under GA. Further studies are required to establish its role due to its poor correlation with sensory spread.
Role of tramadol as an adjuvant in ultrasound-guided serratus anterior muscle block for modified radical mastectomy - A randomized control trial
Authors: Singla Vaishali , Palta Sanjeev , Saroa Richa , Kaushik Robin , Singh Avneet
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is associated with significant acute post-operative pain that may progress to chronic pain syndromes in 25–60% of patients. Serratus anterior muscle (SAM) block has proved to be an excellent analgesic option in patients undergoing MRM. Although many adjuvants have been utilized for the prolongation of analgesia, the role of tramadol in SAM has not been studied as yet. We hypothesize that the addition of tramadol to ropivacaine for SAM block may reduce morphine consumption in the post-operative period in patients undergoing elective MRM surgeries. The primary aim of the study was to compare cumulative post-operative morphine consumption over 24 h in patients receiving SAM block with or without tramadol. The secondary aims were to observe adverse events related to the procedure or medications. The other parameters recorded were non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse rate, respiratory rate, and nausea or vomiting.

Material and Methods:

Patients scheduled to undergo MRM were randomly allocated by block randomization into two groups. The study group (Group T) received a SAM block with 0.25% ropivacaine (18 ml) with tramadol 100 mg while the control group (Group P) received a SAM block with 18 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine and 2 ml of saline. Patients were assessed for pain scores, analgesic requirement, time to first analgesic request, hemodynamic variables, and any side-effects at 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h post-operatively.

Results:

Cumulative morphine consumption over 24 h in the post-operative period was less in the group T (3.06 ± 1.53 mg vs 4.34 ± 1.53 mg; P 0.001). Time to the first analgesic requirement was more in group T (10.44 ± 5.04 h vs 6.11 ± 2.73 h; P < 0.001). Pain scores were significantly lower in the group T at all time points.

Conclusion:

Tramadol, when used as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for SAM block reduces post-operative pain scores in the first 24 h and prolongs the time of first morphine requirement.
A Review of the Impact of Patent Medicine Vendors in Driving Community Tuberculosis Case Finding in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Ajogwu Arinze Emmanuel , Samuel Onwubiko Iheanyichukwu , Ochike Nnanyelugo Longinus , Ajegbo Uzoma Chidinma , Maduka Chinedu Paschal
Published: April 2024

This review elucidates the pivotal role of patent medicine vendors (PMVs) in advancing community tuberculosis (TB) case finding in Nigeria, amidst the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. By synthesizing insights from in-depth analyses, the article explores PMVs’ adaptability, knowledge, community trust, and contributions to TB case-finding efforts during this unprecedented period. The study reveals that PMVs, despite varying levels of knowledge on TB symptoms and diagnosis, have demonstrated significant resilience and adaptability, incorporating innovative approaches such as virtual consultations to sustain case finding during the pandemic. Their substantial involvement in health-care delivery, especially in underserved areas, and the evident community trust in their services, positions them as crucial health-care resources in regions with limited access to formal health-care services. However, the review also uncovers challenges, including the need for quality assurance and adherence to guidelines, and emphasizes the importance of tailored training programs to bridge knowledge gaps and empower PMVs to contribute more effectively to early TB detection. The study underscores the potential of PMVs to bridge gaps in health-care access and advocates for strengthened collaborations between PMVs and formal health-care systems to optimize their role in identifying and referring suspected TB cases effectively. In conclusion, the article highlights the transformative contribution of PMVs in TB case finding in Nigeria, during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes recommendations to enhance their impact through capacity strengthening, integration into formal health-care systems, and leveraging innovative technologies. The findings suggest that harnessing the potential of PMVs can significantly contribute to controlling TB and improving public health outcomes, especially in anticipation of further outbreaks, by fostering a more community-centered approach to case finding.
Periorbital hypermelanosis secondary to lichenoid dermatitis due to use of tobramycin eye drops
Authors: Arora Pooja , Dixit Niharika , Sardana Kabir , Bharadwaj Minakshi
Published: April 2024

Drug induced lichenoid dermatitis is a rare cause of periorbital hyperpigmentation. Herein, we report a case of lichenoid pigmentation that occurred in an elderly female due to use of tobtramycin eye drops.
Noncultured epidermal suspension: a new hope in the management of nevus depigmentosus
Authors: Sahani Mukesh K. , Kaur Maninder , Patra Suman , Narula Soumya
Published: April 2024

A 19-year-old female presented with off-white colored depigmented macules over her laft fore arm. A clinical diagnosis of nevus depigentosus was made. As the patient had cosmetic concern regarding that lesion, she was treated with noncultured epidermal suspension technique. She had more than 90% repigmentation after 6 months of the procedure and the pigment was retained at 1-year follow-up. We also discussed briefly regarding the available literature on surgical treatment options.
Childhood vitiligo: A hospital-based cross-sectional study from South India
Authors: George Reenu T. , Degulamadi Veeresh , Murthy Sambasiviah Chidambara
Published: April 2024

Background: Vitiligo, a depigmenting disorder results due to destruction of melanocytes in the affected skin. It may have psychosocial impact on children and their parents. Childhood vitiligo may differ from that in adults. Aim: To study the clinicoepidemiological profile and associated diseases in children with vitiligo. Methods: One hundred consecutive children (≤18 years) of both sexes, with vitiligo presenting between January and December 2018, were included. Detailed history, examination, and laboratory parameters were documented. Data were analyzed using simple statistical measures, chi-square, independent t tests, and Fisher exact test, wherever applicable. Results: Boys:girls ratio was 1:1.5. The mean age of onset was 9.17 ± 4.6 years [segmental vitiligo (SV: 6.6 ± 3.7 years) versus nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV: 9.7 ± 4.7 years); P = 0.014]. Vitiligo vulgaris (VV; 55, 55%) was the most common, followed by focal (16, 16%), segmental (16, 16%), and others. Most common site involved at onset (36, 36%) and presentation (n = 57) was lower limbs, but differed among various types. Leukotrichia was commonly seen in SV (n = 11, 68.8%) as compared to NSV [(n = 29, 34.5%); P = 0.01]. Family history (11, 11%) was seen only in NSV. Vitiligo disease activity score +4 was the most common (69, 69%). Koebner phenomenon was more common in NSV (n = 22, 26.2%) as compared to SV (n = 1, 6.3%) and varied among different types (P = 0.01). Nail changes were present in 72 children (72%); longitudinal ridging was the most common (n = 40, 55.6%). Thyroid function tests were abnormal in nine (11.7%) and 29 (36.3%) had anemia. Two had halo nevus. Conclusion: Various types of vitiligo in children seem to differ in their clinicoepidemiological characteristics, knowledge of which helps in better evaluation and management. Anemia and thyroid dysfunction seem to be common in children with vitiligo.
Global Research on Centenarians: A Historical and Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis from 1887 to 2023
Authors: Lozada-Martinez Ivan David , Diazgranados-Garcia Maria Carolina , Castelblanco-Toro Sandra , Anaya Juan-Manuel
Published: April 2024

Background: Centenarians are considered the most successful human biological aging model. However, the characteristics and patterns of research among centenarians have not been described or analyzed. Thus, this study aimed to disclose the historical landscape of global research on centenarians. Methods: This bibliometric study investigated historical evidence on centenarian research published in the Scopus database. The bibliometrix package in R was used to perform visual and quantitative analyses of research metrics, trends, and patterns.Results: Of the 2,061 documents included between 1887 and 2023, 84.2% (n=1,736) were published as articles with primary data. We identified international collaboration and annual growth rates of 21.4% and 3.15%, respectively. The United States published the highest number of papers on centenarians (n=786), whereas the publications from Italy had the highest impact (h-index of 90). Based on the frequency of keywords, mortality, genetics, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and immunosenescence are a few of the most studied topics among centenarians, with emerging research related to mitochondrial DNA and comparison of results between nonagenarians and centenarians. Italy, the United States, and China lead the global research collaboration network, collaborating most frequently with Japan and European countries.Conclusion: Global research on centenarians has grown over the last 20 years, primarily led by Italy, the United States, and China. Latin American and African countries have conducted little or no research on centenarians. The most widely studied topics include mortality, cognition, immunosenescence, and genetics.
Space in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Authors: Bălinișteanu-Furdu Cătălina , Anisiei Daniela
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the concept of space in William Shakespeare’s “The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”. Not only is the play the most popular and the most internationally known creation of William Shakespeare, but it also attracts readers and critics for its complexity and up-to-datedness. We chose to analyse various aspects of space in this tragedy to underline their influence on different characters. The paper aims at proving that there is a relation between each character and a particular space whose features are partly reflected in the characters’ personality or/and actions. Therefore, the main characters were analysed in connection with the spaces they appear in throughout the play. We were also interested in analysing whether the characters have the necessary power and/or ability to change these spaces, or not. We noticed that some of the characters had their spaces invaded by perpetrators, while other characters became perpetrators themselves. Observing the link between spaces and the characters' personality, we tried to scrutinize their deeds based on the features of certain spaces emphasizing aspects such as: private vs. public, natural vs. artificial.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОСТАТОЧНОГО СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ КОРПУ-СА СУДНА НА РАННИХ ЭТАПАХ ПРОКТИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Чуреев Е.А. , Пинчук В.И.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассматривается применимость методов машинного обучения для интерполяции значений серийной диаграммы, на примере серии Е.В. Маслюка для мало-мерных рыболовных судов с упрощенными обводами. С использованием нейронных сетей для задач прогнозирования модель была обучена и оптимизирована методом поиска по сетке (Grid Search) и достигла ошибки валидации 1,01% и обучения 1,49%. Точность модели была оценена с учетом допустимой ошибки 3%, общепринятой в инженерных расчетах. Результа-том исследования стала архитектура нейронной сети с точностью 98,51% на валидационном наборе данных, подчеркивающая потенциал использования машинного обучения в ранних расчетах остаточного сопротивления корпуса судна.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ НАРКОТИЗМА В МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ СРЕДЕ
Authors: Петренко С. Г. , Маханек А. Б.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию проблем наркотизма среди молодежи. Исследуются
особенности влияния сети Интернет на формирование наркотической субкультуры
и популяризацию наркотиков. Рассматриваются проблемы профилактики наркотизма и
противодействия пропаганде наркотиков в молодежной среде.
АНАЛИЗ СРЕДСТВ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ
ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОГО ОТДЕЛА
Authors: Караичев П. А. , Соловей М. В.
Published: April 2024

В статье представлен анализ средств автоматизации логистического отдела компании.
Рассмотрены процессы, подлежащие автоматизации. Проведен сравнительный анализ
существующих программных решений по автоматизации логистического отдела. Обоснован
выбор наиболее подходящего продукта для автоматизации отдела логистической компании.
Global and national bone marrow registries: experience of using, main issues, and perspectives
Authors: Eichler OV , Miroliubov AA , Nechaev DN , Titova AG , Trusov GA , Garbuz VV , Lomov AN , Yudin VS , Keskinov AA , Kraevoy SA
Published: April 2024

The paper provides the summary of foreign literature data on the organizational and methodological aspects of functioning of the bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell donor registries, the issues of HLA typing, the technical algorithms for compatibility degree ranking. The changes in the citizens’ motivations in response to the bone marrow donating program popularization are described, along with the features of arranging recruitment, approaches to determining the requirements for the registry population considering the multinationality and heterogeneity of ethnic composition, and the statistical approximation algorithms. Furthermore, attention is paid to the so-called specific aspects of the functioning of bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell registries and biobanks. The latter is important in terms of ensuring national security, adaptation of the population to the effects of the disasters, emergencies, and terrorist attacks associated with the development of bone marrow syndrome in a large number of victims.
Tecnología aplicada a la diabetes
Authors: Cristoforetti María Fernanda
Published: April 2024

En la 17º Conferencia Internacional del ATTD 2024 los temas centrales fueron el diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 1 en etapas preclínicas y los aportes de la tecnología en diabetes tipo 2. Además, el rol de la inteligencia artificial en las nuevas opciones de monitoreo.
Perfil antioxidante de diferentes formas de apresentação comercial da goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) desidratada
Authors: Ramos Shanyle Helen , Viana Barbosa Naves Bárbara , Nascimento Hermes Fernanda , Valeriano de Carvalho Carolina , César de Abreu Wilson , De Sousa Cândido Geraldo
Published: April 2024

A Lycium barbarum popularmente conhecida como goji berry, é um fruto com potente atividade antioxidante devido à presença de flavonóides, porém, sabe-se que diversos fatores podem alterar a quantidade destes compostos em alimentos. Tendo em vista esses aspectos, esse trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as propriedades antioxidantes in vitro, teor de vitamina C e de compostos fenólicos totais presentes em diferentes formas de apresentação deste fruto desidratado, sendo elas: fruto inteiro a granel, em sachê, em pote e em forma de farinha. Foram determinados os teores de fenólicos totais (reagente de Folin-Ciocalteu), vitamina C (2,4 dinitrofenilhidrazina) e atividade antioxidante total (DPPH e sistema β- caroteno/ácido linoleico), de quatro amostras de goji berry comercializadas no Brasil, e seus resultados foram expressos em base seca. O produto em sachê apresentou o maior teor de fenólicos totais (37,2mg EAGg-1) e menor valor para vitamina C (58,1mg/g). Resultado inverso foi observado com a farinha que apresentou o menor teor de fenólicos totais (13,5mg EAGg-1) e maior teor de vitamina C (102,29mg100g-1). A farinha de goji berry apresentou a maior atividade antioxidante total (AAT) pelo método DPPH (66,0% SRL; p<0,05). Já pelo método de sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoléico, o produto à granel apresentou a maior AAT (87,2% I) comparado aos demais produtos (p<0,05). Os resultados demonstram que o fruto Goji Berry comercializado na forma de farinhas em sachês, apresentou um alto teor de vitamina C e atividade antioxidante in vitro, assim, sua ingestão pode contribuir para aumentar o teor de antioxidantes na dieta e, consequentemente, auxiliar a defesa contra os radicais livres.
Palavras-chave: Solanaceae. Compostos Fenólicos. Ácido Ascórbico. Goji Berry. Lycium barbarum L.