bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ردودُ الزَّنجانيّ "ت655هــ" النحويّة في كتابه الكافي في شرح الهادي على آراء الزَّمخشريّ "ت 538هـ
Authors: خيرالله راهي الزاملي مجيد
Published: November 2021

تناولنا في هذا البحث ردود الزنجاني النحوية في كتابه الكافي في شرح الهادي على الزمخشري ، لأهمية هذا الموضوع في الدرس النّحويّ ، ذلك أنّ كتاب الكافي ظهر إلى النّور منذ سنة ، فهو كتاب جديد في ظهوره للوجود ، ولم تصله يدُ الباحثين بالدرس والتناول.

وشملت اعتراضات الزنجانيّ على صاحب المفصل : اعتراضات في الحدود ، واعتراضات في علل البناء والإعراب ، وتضعيف رواية ، واعتراضات في العوامل ، واعتراضات على بعض ألفاظ الزمخشري ، وترتيب المسائل .

واقتضى البحث أن نفصّل القول في أربعة مسائل من ردوده على الزمخشري ، ونذكر الردود الأخرى من دون تفصيل لضيق المقام
السلوك السادي في الشعر الجاهلي
Authors: زاحم حسوني شيماء , طالب منعم مشتاق
Published: November 2021

عالجت الدراسات الاكاديمية التي قدمت مقاربات للشعر الجاهلي ، الكثير من الموضوعات ذات صلة وثيقة بعلم النفس لما للأخير من صلة وعلاقة وثيقة لا يمكن فصلها بأي شكل من الأشكال بالشعر كونه يصدر من مكنون النفس الانسانية ، بطرق مختلفة ومناهج متعددة ، ولكن يبقى الشعر الجاهلي المعين الذي لا ينضب من الثراء ، ويظل قابلاً للدراسة والبحث.

وبما أن الادب وليد البيئة  ، بما فيها من قساوة و خشونة من جهة ، ونزعات قبلية وحروب دائمة من جهة اخرى ، فرضت على رجالها التحلي بصفات معينة تتناسب وتلك الظروف ، ليتسنى لنا التعاطي والتفاعل معها بصورة طبيعية ، فكان الادب الجاهلي بمختلف انواعه ، حافلاً بنصوص ادبية لأُناس عرفوا بشخصيات غريبة ، البعض منها ذات طابع عدواني ، كراهي، اجرامي ، كان لابد من الوقوف عندهم ومعرفة مدى انعكاس ذلك على نتاجهم .

وهذا سبب رئيس ومهم لأن نخصص مثل هذه الدراسة ونحاول من خلالها قراءة ذلك النتاج على وفق ما يبوح به النص الشعري وما يحمله من مدلولات نفسية اجتماعية ، فكانت السادية موضوعاً خصباً في دراسة الشعر الجاهلي ، إذ حفلت الكثير من القصائد بأبيات شعرية ذات مضامين سادية ، ولم يقتصر البحث على مصطلح السادية بمعناها النفسي ذات طابع جنسي فحسب  ، بل تعداه لتشتمل الدراسة مضامين اخرى للسلوك السادي ، يبدأ البحث بالتمهيد يوضح معنى السادية لغة واصطلاحاً ، وجذوره التاريخية ، ثم أقسام السادية وأسبابها في ضوء ما وجدناه في القصائد الجاهلية ، ولم يكن اختيار النصوص ضمن مجموعة معينة من الشعراء ، بل تعداه ليشمل طبقات المجتمع الجاهلي الثلاث ، كون إن السادية لم تقتصر على فئة دون الاخرى ، ثم ختم البحث بمجموعة من النتائج التي تمخض عنها البحث مع ذكر قائمة المصادر والمراجع.
سؤال الأنوثة وتفكيك الاستغراب في قصص الأديبة وفاء عبد الرزاق
Authors: خليف خضير محمود
Published: November 2021

سؤال الأنوثة وتفكيك الاستغراب في قصص الأديبة وفاء عبد الرزاق
Teorija objektnih odnosa i njezine implikacije u pastoralnoj psihologiji i psihologiji religije
Authors: Volenik Antun , Džambo Irma
Published: November 2021

Rad se bavi odnosom teorije objektnih odnosa kao dijelom psihoanalitičke i psihodinamske psihologije te religije/duhovnosti u širem smislu. Također nastoji pokazati zaokret u valoriziranju religije koji je teorija objektnih odnosa, a osobito Winicottova teorija pravog i lažnog ja te prijenosnog objekta, donijela u psihodinamskoj paradigmi. Rad prikazuje Freudov, Jungov i Adlerov odnos i stav prema religiji i duhovnosti.
Život pod sustavnom kontrolom alata CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Singbo Odilon-Gbènoukpo , Novak Darko
Published: November 2021

Suvremeni razvoj biomedicine i tehnologije brže i bolje nego prije donosi nova otkrića koja će znatno poboljšati pristup zdravlju živih bića. Jedno od takvih otkrića je alat CRISPR-Cas9 koji je donio znanstvenicama Nobelovu nagradu za kemiju. Pomoću tog alata moguće je precizno uređivanje genoma i time su otvorene mogućnosti manipuliranja životom sve do rizika »proizvodnje« genetički modificiranih ljudi. Ovaj članak nastoji jezgrovito prikazati glavna načela tog alata i njegove terapijske primjene na živi organizam. Etički izazovi otkrivaju opasnost biomodifikacije putem mogućnosti dizajniranja buduće djece, a to vraća ne samo eugeniku, nego i želju za nadilaženjem ljudskoga.
How do Specific Conditions Shape Values of Undergraduate Early Childhood Education Students in Slovenia?
Authors: Licardo Marta
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the early childhood education students’ values and what are the differences in the students’ values in specific conditions related to social environment. The values of undergraduate students who study early childhood education are very important for professional development and practice. The purpose of this study is to determine, if their values change during their study programme; which values are more important to the students; and what are the differences in the students’ values in terms of the type of study (full time/part time), years of study, age, work experience and work status. Results indicate that employed students have higher scores on other-centred values than unemployed students, older students express more others-centred values than younger students, while in self-centred values there are no age differences. Students who have more work experience express more others-centred values and students who study longer express more others-centred values than fresh students, while in self-centred values differences by years of study do not occur. These results reveal important changes in the hierarchy of values related to measured variables and interplay between various conditions.
Obrazovno-političke postavke u Europskoj uniji
Authors: Batarelo Kokić Ivana , Kokić Tonći
Published: November 2021

Razumijevanje rodoslovlja i društvene uvjetovanosti promjena obrazovnih sustava može se tražiti u antičkim izvorima: Sparti i Ateni. Interpretacijom su uspoređeni obrazovni sustavi antičkih polisa, a neka njihova obilježja su na razini jukstapozicije uspoređena s obrazovnim politikama Europske unije. Usporedbom je potvrđena hipoteza o postojanju zajedničkih prioritetnih odgojno-obrazovnih tema u društvima istog rodoslovlja na različitom stupnju povijesnog i tehnološkog razvoja. Stereotipna interpretacija vidi Spartu kao zajednicu hrabrih patriota vojnika u kojoj je obrazovanje bilo apsolutno politički institucionalizirano, dok se Atena percipira kao demokratska zajednica humanistički obrazovanih slobodnih građana bez izravne stroge političke kontrole obrazovanja. Na razini jukstapozicije, antički obrazovni sustavi uspoređeni su sa suvremenom europskom obrazovnom politikom s obzirom na: (1) svrhu obrazovanja; (2) dostupnost obrazovanja; (3) strukturiranost kurikuluma i vrijednosne pokazatelje; (4) prepoznavanje talenta i (5) praćenje kvalitete obrazovanja. U zaključku rada navode se ograničenja studije te se naglašava temeljna srodnost tema koje su se istakle analizom.
O Pavićevu i Markovićevu prijevodu Aristotelove definicije tragedije
Authors: Marotti Bojan
Published: November 2021

Znamenita Aristotelova definicija tragedije u povijesti je hrvatske filozofije i (klasične) filologije prevođena razmjerno često. Može se govoriti o desetak pokušaja, uzmu li se u obzir, osim cjelovitih prijevoda Aristotelove Poetike, i različita druga djela, kao što su povijesti (grčke) filozofije, ili povijesti književnih teorija i estetike. U prilogu se uspoređuju prijevodi Armina Pavića i Franje pl. Markovića. Pri tome se razmatra i odabir hrvatskih otpovjednica pri prijenosu pojedinih (temeljnih) pojmova iz grčkoga jezika u hrvatski i cjelina stavka, budući da jedno i drugo, naime odabrane prevedenice i sam »ustroj« hrvatske rečenice, redovito upućuju i na (prevoditeljevo) poimanje Aristotelova shvaćanja tragedije, ali k tomu i na razumijevanje Aristotelove filozofije umjetnosti u cjelini.
Demokrasi
Authors: Fitriah Nuril Lianatul
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi merupakan nilai universal sebagai kehendak rakyat yang diekspresikan secara bebas untuk menentukan sistem politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Secara sederhana, demokrasi digambarkan sebagai "pemerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat". Pada hakekatnya demokrasi diwujudkan untuk mencapai kemakmuran.
Penggunaan Konjungsi Dalam Wacana Alkitab Bahasa Pamona
Authors: TONDOWALA IRSAN BERTINUS
Published: November 2021

Like other languages, Pamona languages consists of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. These unit are usually assembled by the user either orally or in writing to established the highest unit of the language called discourse. In creating cohesive and coherent discourse, it need means of cohesion. Conjunction is one of cohesions means in discourse.This research was descriptive qualitative methods. The sources of data in this research was the Bible of Pamona language. The data were collected through observation by using taping and elicitation technique.The results showed that the conjunctions in the Bible of Pamona language consists of coordinative, subordinating, correlative, intersentence conjunction, and inter-paragraph conjunctions.
Kekuasaan,kewenangan,tanggung jawab dan delegasi
Authors: Salmawati
Published: November 2021

Makalah ini menjelaskan tentang kekuasaan,kewenangan,tanggung jawab dan delegasi.
Demokrasi
Authors: Oktavianus Antonius
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi mencakup kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang memungkinkan adanya praktik kebebasan politik secara bebas dan setara. Demokrasi juga merupakan seperangkat gagasan dan prinsip tentang kebebasan beserta praktik dan prosedurnya. Demokrasi mengandung makna penghargaan terhadap harkat dan martabat manusia.
Budaya Demokrasi Sebagai Bentuk Upaya Peningkatan Kehidupan Berbangsa
Authors: Hidayanti Aprillia Nuril
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi merupakan isu yang sudah lama ramai diperbincangkan. Ide demokrasi ini muncul dalam bahasa Yunani sekitar dua ribu lima ratus tahun yang lalu. Sekarang pelaksanaan demokrasi terus dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan penampilan yang terbaik. Konstitusi Indonesia menyatakan demokrasi sebagai sistem dalam menjalankan pemerintah. Dengan demikian, konsekuensi dari pilihan ini harus diterapkan secara imperatif. Di dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara ternyata banyak masalah yang muncul akibat pelaksanaan demokrasi. Demokrasi tidak dapat dipahami sebagai sistem politik. Pada dasarnya sistem ini mengatur begitu banyak kepentingan dalam masyarakat seperti negara dan warga negara. Jadi sistem seperti itu harus dibantu oleh budaya pendukung. Tulisan ini mencoba mendeskripsikan budaya seperti apa yang harus dikembangkan di Indonesia. Budaya ini ditanggung secara mental dan sikap moral. Berdasarkan Pancasila sebagai falsafah bangsa Indonesia. Tidak hanya menyebabkan demokrasi berjalan dengan baik, tetapi juga menjaga demokrasi tidak kehilangan eksistensi dan esensi. Akhirnya, demokrasi memberikan keuntungan bagi rakyat sebagai pemilik kedaulatan. Karena demokrasi meripakan permerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat.
demokrasi tentang kesehatan
Authors: KATI ASNITA REMI
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKterhadap lingkungan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh aktivitas warga yang berdampak langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap lingkungan seperti limbah padat atau limbah cair. Hal ini memberikan konsekuensi terhadap kesehatan lingkungan masyarakat yang pada gilirannya juga akan berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat itu sendiri. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Kesehatan merupakan pelayanan publik yang mutlak dan berkaitan erat dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Untuk semua pelayanan yang bersifat mutlak, negara dan aparaturnya berkewajiban memberikan pelayanan berkualitas yang mudah Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk mengakibatkan semakin tingginya tekanan didapatkan setiap saat. Pelayanan di bidang kesehatan merupakan salah satu pelayanan yang paling dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan langkah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan hal ini sangat penting dalam rangka peningkatan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). Salah satu upaya peningkatan kesehatan di masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan menyediakan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang merata dan sesuai dengan keinginan masyarakat yang dilayani. Pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan bagi masyarakat dilakukan dengan upaya pembangunan kesehatan yang menyeluruh dan berkelanjutan. Pembangunan kesehatan masyarakat sangat erat kaitannya dengan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana penunjang kesehatan itu sendiri.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS E-BANKING
Authors: Revanza Muhamad Galih
Published: November 2021

Elektronik banking (e-banking) adalah layanan yang memungkinkan nasabah bank untuk memperoleh informasi, melakukan komunikasi, dan melakukan transaksi perbankan melalui alternative delivery channel media elektronik seperti Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), phone banking, electronic fundtransfer (EFT), electronic data capture (EDC)/point of sales (POS), internet banking, dan mobile banking.Bagi bank, e-banking pendapatan berbasis komisi (fee based income) dan mengurangi biaya operasional apabila dibandingkan dengan pelayanan tranksaksi melalui kantor cabang yang relatif besar untuk membayar karyawan, sewa gedung, pengamana, listrik dan lainnya.Bagi otoritas, perkembangan teknologi e-banking mendorong mewujudkan masyarakat less cash society. Less cash society adalah gaya hidup denganmenggunakan media transaksi atau uang elektronik dalam bertransaksi sehingga tidak perlu membawa uang fisik. Less cash society selain dapat meningkatkan sistem pembayaran yang cepat, aman, dan efesien, untuk mempercepat perputaran aktivitas ekonomi dan stabilitas sistem keuangan, juga dapat mencegah tindak pidana criminal maupun tindak pidana pencucian uang. Sehingga menimbulkan feedback baik kepada bank dan otoritas dari penggunaan e-banking yang di nikmati oleh masyarakat dalam kebutuhan bertransaksi.
DEMOKRASI INDONESIA DARI MASA KE MASA
Authors: Mone Alfosius Ndara
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKMakna dan pengertian demokrasi sepanjang sejarah pemerintahan IndonesiamemberikanmaknakhususbagiperkembangandemokrasidiIndonesia.Adabanyakdemokrasiparadoksatauironidemokrasiyangterjadipadamasaordelama,ordebarudan reformasizaman.Proses dan perkembangan demokrasi,akhirnya berhadaphadapandengankepentingankekuasaandalam konteksjebakanpolitikyangbenarbenartidakdemokratis.PemilihanUmum 2004danLangsungPilkada2005menjadimomentum dalam pelaksanaandemokrasipemerintahan,jugatantanganbagiaktorpolitikdanmasyarakatuntukmengangkatbudayadanstructuraldemokrasi.Omongomong,demokrasiIndonesiamasihmenyisakanbeberapapertanyaan,apakahkitamempersiapkandanmampumengembangkandemokrasitanpaironiatauparadoks
pengelolaan zakat dalam pengentasan kemiskinan
Authors: khaerunnisa irma
Published: November 2021

Zakat merupakan bagian dari program pengembangan dana sosial syariah, yang memiliki dampak langsung terhadap kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Dalam Islam upaya pengatasan kemiskinan adalah dengan zakat. Oleh karena itu, zakat seharusnya dikelola secara produktif dan profesional sehingga zakat dapat mengambil bagian dalam merealisasikan ide-ide Islam untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat.
ANALISA PERANCANGAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: W Yogga Pratama
Published: November 2021

E-Banking adalah sarana strategi baru pada sektor perbankan global untuk menarik nasabah dan meningkatkan kepuasan nasabah dibidang pelayanan jasa keuangan. (Himani Sharma; 2011). E-Banking mempermudah perbankan dalam memberikan pelayanan prima tanpa batas waktu dan tanpa terkendala ruang. EBanking diciptakan untuk mempermudah transaksi dan mengurangi beban kerja perbankan serta meningkatkan mutu layanan berbasis teknologi dan informasi.
UTS ANALISA PERANCANGAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: prakosa Moh tegar tri
Published: November 2021

UTS ANALISA PERANCANGAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
KEBEBASAN HAK DAN PARTISIPASI WARGA NEGARA DALAM SISTEM DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: FAHTUROSI DANANG
Published: November 2021

Prinsip dari sebuah negara demokrasi adalah dengan menjunjung tinggi Konstitusi dan ideologi dalam sebuah negara. Kebebasan dalam hak sosial dan politik.menjadi sebuah jaminan yang sangat diperlukan untuk dapat mencapai sebuah negara yang menjunjung tinggi demokrasi sehingga aspirasi yang ada dapat tersalurkan dengan baik. Permasalahan yang muncul yaitu Bagaimana Prinsip Dan Jaminan Hak Warga Negara Menurut UUD 1945 dan Bagaimana Dinamika Sosial Politik Dalam Sistem Demokrasi di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yang merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, yaitu penelitian terhadap bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang terdiri dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur-literatur terkait untuk memecahkan persoalan hukum atau permasalahan yang akan dibahas.Kemerdekaan menyampaikan pendapat dimuka umum harus dilaksanakan dengan bertanggung jawab, sejalan dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Oleh karena itu negara wajib dapat mengelola dan mengendalikan dominasi iklim kapitalis agar tetap berjalan pada koridor yang tidak merugikan warga. Negara juga harus membuka dan memberdayakan ruang publik secara optimal sebagai instrumen warga dalam menyalurkan aspirasinya, serta menutup keran tumbuh suburnya praktek politik uang baik di kalangan elit politik maupun di kalangan masyarakat, karena dengan membiarkan politik uang berlangsung, maka tidak hanya berimpilkasi melahirkan politisi yang korup dan mengekang hati nurani masyarakat dalam memberikan partisipasi politiknya, namun juga berakibat tercederainya suatu pemilu yang demokratis
makalah bmt
Authors: Puspita Ayu
Published: November 2021

makalah ini membahas tentang sumber dana, pengolaan dana BMT dan akad dan produk BMT
Perkembangan konsep Demokrasi Dalam suatu Negara Hukum Masa Kini
Authors: Agustina Nine Wahyu
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan Demokrasi berkembang mengikuti perkembangan bangsa dan Negara ,salah satu dari Negara demokrasi adalah Negara berdasarkan hukum. Perkembangan hukum tentunya harus mengimbangi dan dapat pilar dari kokohnya demokrasi .Masa dahulu, Masa sekarang dan Masa yang akan datang tentu ada perbedaan-perbedaan. Perbedaan tersebut juga membawa konsekuensi terhadap perkembangan demokrasi dan hukum. perkembangan hukum dindonesia di masa depan haruslah menggali nilai-nilai yang hidup dimasyarakat. Kemajemukan yang ada diindonesia merupakan sumber filosofis, sosiologis,dan yuridis bagi pengembangan hukum. Kedepan yang paling penting adalah penegakan hukum. Mengingat saat ini kritik yang paling tajam terhadap hukum selalu ditujukan kepada bobroknya penegakan hukum.
Berkah Zakat dalam hidup
Authors: Muafit Kasim
Published: November 2021

catatan: zakat merupakan sebagai bentuk ketaatan kepada Allah SWT, dan sebagai kewajiban kepada sesama manusia. Zakat juga sering disebut sebagai ibadah kesungguhan dalam harta, sangat pentingnya zakat dapat dilihat dari ayat al - qur'an yang menyandingkan perintahzakat dengan sholat. Zakat juga merupakan harta yang wajib dikeluarkan oleh orang yang beragama islam dan diberikan kepada orang yang berhak menerimanya, seseorang akan mengeluarkan zakatnya apabila sudah tercapai syarat yang sesuai aturan agama dan zakat itu harus bersih, suci, berkembang dan berkah.
Penataan Sistem Demokrasi Indonesia Melalui Pemilu Untuk Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Hayyun Naufal Aditya Syam
Published: November 2021

Secara konstitusional, Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang pemerintahannya berlandaskan pada sistem politik demokrasi. Pemilu secara periodik adalah konsekuensi logis dari pilihan sistem politik demokrasi Indonesia. Melalui eksperimentasi pemilu Indonesia berkomitmen membangun kualitas sistem politik demokrasinya. Sayangnya pemilu yang berjalan di Indonesia sebagian besar masih dipenuhi dengan konflik politik. Setelah sekian lama dikesampingkan dan dilupakan, kini sudah saatnya Indonesia dalam membangun kualitas system politik demokrasinya meletakan kebebasan sipil, hak politik, dan lembaga pemilu dengan bingkai integrasi bangsa. Beberapa aspek dari standard tersebut, dengan beberapa penekanan pada aspek hak pilih warga negara dan kelembagaan demokratis yang menjadi syarat adanya pemilu demokratis tersebut. Pembahasan selanjutnya akan diarahkan pada aspek sosial dan politik dari pemilu-pemilu di Indonesia. Meskipun pemilu bukan hanya satu-satunya instrumen demokrasi, tetapi peran pemilu tidak bisa dipungkiri sangat vital. Bahkan, keberadaan pemilu mengindikasikan sebuah negara mengadopsi sistem politik demokratis. Indikasi pemilu yang bebas dan adil mencakup keberadaan sentimen yang merefleksikan popularitas secara sadar. Sesuatu yang timbul sebagaimana masyarakat merasakan proses berkonsultasi sosial. Pemilu dikatakan demokratis beserta syarat-syaratnya secara Internasional serta evaluasi pelaksanaan pemilu konteks sosial dan politik yang ada, konfigurasi politik yang berjalan serta kaitannya dengan aspek yuridis dari pemilu yang jujur dan adil.
Persatuan dan kesatuan
Authors: rahayu rindia agusta
Published: November 2021

AbstrakPersatuan dan kesatuan berasal dari kata satu yang memiliki arti utuh atau tidak terpecah belah. Kandungan arti persatuan dan kesatuan adalah bersatunya macam macam corak yang beraneka ragam menjadi satu kebulatan yang utuh dan serasi. Sebuah negara akan menjadi kokoh jika masyarakatnya memiliki semnagat persatuan dan kesatuan. Prinsip persatuan dan kesatuan adalah keadaan satu atau tunggal yang menuntut adanya keterpaduan dari kemajemukan bangsa indonesia. Persatuan indonesia merupakan sila ketiga dalam pancasila. Sesuai sila tersebut ,bangsa indonesia adalah bangsa multikultular yang terdapat banyak kebudayaan,suku dan ras. Semua perbedaan itu bisa bergabung menggunakan persatuan. Sebagai generasi penerus bangsa, sangat penting berkomitmen terhadap semnagat persatuan dalam konteks NKRI, yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945 dan bersemboyan Bhineka Tunggal Ika.
DEMOKRASI
Authors: Ende Margaretha
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi sebagai suatu sistem telah dijadikan alternatif dalam berbagai tatanan aktivitas bermasyarakat dan bernegara di beberapa Negara. Seperti diakui oleh Moh. Mahfud MD, ada dua alasan dipilihnya demokrasi sebagai sistem bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Pertama, hampir semua negara didunia ini telah menjadikan demokrasi sebagai asas yang fundamamental.; Kedua, demokrasi sebagai asas kenegaraan secara esensial telah memberikan arah bagi peranan masyarakat untuk menyelenggarakan Negara sebagai organisasi tertingginya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang benar pada warga masyarakat tentang demokrasi. Pengertian demokrasi dapat dilihat dari tinjauan bahasa (epistemologis) dan istilah (terminologis). Secara epistemologis “demokrasi” terdiri dari dua kata yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani yaitu ”demos” yang berarti rakyat atau penduduk suatu tempat dan “cretein” atau “cratos” yang berarti kekuasaan atau kedaulatan. Jadi secara bahasa demos-cratein atau demos-cratos adalah keadaan Negara di mana dalam sistem pemerintahannya kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat, kekuasaan tertinggi berada dalam keputusan bersama rakyat, rakyat berkuasa, pemerintah rakyat dan oleh rakyat.
Differential expression of ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2, ATP1A2, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. ATP1A2 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ATP1A2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with basal-like subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. ATP1A2 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Desain dan Struktur Organisasi
Authors: Sumirah R.R. Dhewi Putri Ayu
Published: November 2021

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Muhammadi Ariqo Adiyatomo // 2201790065 Paper 4
Authors: Adiyatomo Muhammadi Ariqo
Published: November 2021

Upaya manajemen sangat penting untuk dipahami demi menjaga kinerja keberlanjutan, sekalipun hal ini dianggap cukup pragmatis mengingat persaingan yang sangat dinamis saat ini. Untuk itu, diperlukan upaya yang cukup besar untuk menyelaraskan dengan strategi perusahaan untuk tumbuh dan operasinya. Pertumbuhan perusahaan yang berkelanjutan sendiri sangat penting, karena pada umumnya perusahaan ditentukan oleh nilai produk atau jasa yang menjadi sumber daya perusahaan.
MAKALAH DESAIN DAN PERUSAHAAN MANAJEMEN
Authors: devi sri
Published: November 2021

Sumber Daya Manusia merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam sebuah organisasi baik organisasi dalam skala besar maupun kecil. Dalam organisasi berskala besar, sumber daya manusia yang dipandang sebagai unsur yang sangat menentukan dalam proses pengembangan usaha peran sumber daya menusia semakin penting (Tadjudin, 1995). Perkembangan dunia usaha akan terealisasi apabila ditunjang oleh sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Desain dan struktur organisasi merupakan salah satu isu dalam menejemn yang masih cukup menarik diperbincangkan hingga dewasa ini. Media massa, baik elektronik maupun cetak, seringkali menampilkan opini dan pembicaraan yang membahas seputar Desain dan struktur organisasi. Peran Desain dan Struktur organisasi yang sangat strategis dan penting bagi pencapaian misi, visi dan tujuan suatu organisasi merupakan salah satu motif yang mendorong manusia untuk selalu menyelidiki seluk-beluk yang terkait dengan Desain dan struktur organisasi.
MAKALAH PENGELOLAAN BMT
Authors: ainiyyah Fadillah adella
Published: November 2021

Sebagai lembaga keuangan syariah, BMT harus berpegang teguh pada prinsip-prinsip syriah. Keimanan menjadi landasan atas keyakinan untuk mampu tumbuh dan berkembang. Hampir semua BMT yang ada memilih koperasi sebagai badan hukum, atau dipakai sebagai konsep pengorganisasiannya Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) juga bisa menerima titipan zakat, infak dan sedekah, serta menyalurkannya sesuai dengan peraturannya
Affective Paternalism
Authors: Dolan Paul , Krekel Christian , Swanke Sarah
Published: November 2021

Many decisions are curated, incentivised, or nudged by a third party. Despite this, only a handful of studies have looked at paternalistic decision-makers and the processes by which they arrive at their decisions. The role of affect, in particular, has been ignored so far, and yet restricting agency on a potentially large group of people might be unpleasant – or indeed quite satisfying. We are the first to propose a conceptual framework of affective paternalism which explicitly accounts for the role of affect, identifying entry points where affect may create systematic variance (or noise) in paternalistic decisions. We shed light on some of these phenomena by using novel surveys and a randomised experiment in which we ask participants to make paternalistic decisions whilst also asking them about their affective reactions and randomly manipulating their affective states. Our findings suggest that affect may play a significant role in paternalistic decision-making.
Patience and Vaccination
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Rizio Stephanie M. , Skali Ahmed , Torgler Benno
Published: November 2021

Vaccination against COVID-19 and other diseases is a pressing public health issue. We hypothesize that a short-term orientation (impatience) – as it heavily discounts the future benefits of actions taken today – leads to lower rates of vaccination. Using a recently constructed, experimentally validated measure of patience, we document four results consistent with our hypothesis. First, patience alone explains a large share (21%) of the global variation in COVID-19 vaccinations across countries as of November 2021 (Study 1a; N = 76). An increase in patience of one S.D. is associated with 12 p.p. larger vaccination rates. Second, using duration models (Study 1b; 4,180 ≤ N ≤ 9,973), we demonstrate that more patient countries are quicker to reach high COVID-19 vaccination thresholds. Third, our results are not specific to the COVID-19 pandemic: in Study 2a, we show that beliefs regarding the safety and effectiveness of vaccination against swine influenza (H1N1) in 2009 are also well-explained by patience in a sample of sub-national regions of Europe (N regions = 138; N countries = 17). Fourth, in Study 2b, we show that our results are not specific to pandemics: patience also explains the global variation in infant vaccinations against 12 common diseases (N = 75).
Requirements for the Empirical Assessment of Human-AI Work Systems: A Contribution to AI Measurement Science
Authors: Klein Gary , Hoffman Robert , Mueller Shane T. , Clancey William
Published: November 2021

The development of AI systems represents a significant investment. But to realize the promise of that investment, performance assessment is necessary. Empirical evaluation of Human-AI work systems must adduce convincing empirical evidence that the work method and its AI technology are learnable, usable, and useful. The theme to this Report is the notion that AI assessment must be effective but must also be efficient. Bench testing of a prototype of an AI system cannot require extensive series of experiments with complex designs. Thus, the empirical requirements that are presented in this Report involve escaping some of the constraints that are imposed in traditional laboratory research. Also, there is a recognition of new constraints that are unique to AI evaluation contexts. Empirical requirements are presented covering study design, research methods, statistical analyses, and online experimentation. The 15 requirements presented in this Report should be applicable to all research intended to evaluate the effectivity of AI systems.
Can art promote understanding? A review of the psychology and neuroscience of aesthetic cognitivism
Authors: Christensen Alexander P. , Cardillo Eileen R. , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: November 2021

Aesthetic cognitivism refers to the proposition that art promotes knowledge and understanding. Despite its intuitive appeal, few empirical investigations have tested the validity of this philosophical claim. In our review, we outline prior arguments for and against aesthetic cognitivism. Then, with a focus on visual art, we discuss how empirical aesthetics and neuroscience can contribute to conversations about aesthetic cognitivism. We propose that engagement is necessary to acquire new knowledge and understanding, describe motivational states associated with learning, and posit who is most likely to experience these states to gain knowledge and understanding from art. Throughout the paper, we discuss how, when, and what knowledge derived from engagement might be measured and modeled. By grounding aesthetic cognitivism in empirical aesthetics, researchers can generate and test hypotheses about art’s role in promoting knowledge and understanding.
Experimental Investigation of a 560 Watt Organic Rankine Cycle System using R134a as Working Fluid and Plat Solar Collector as Heat Source
Authors: Awaludin Martin  , Nur Muhammad
Published: November 2021

New and renewable energy sources such as solar, geothermal, and waste heat  are energy sources that can be used as a source of energy for Organic Rankine cycle system because the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) requires heat at low temperatures to be used as energy source. The experimental of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems with solar energy as a heat source was conduct to investigate a small-scale ORC system with R134a as a working fluid by varying the heat source at temperature 75⁰C-95⁰C. The experiment resulted a maximum efficiency, power of system is 4.30%, and 185.9 Watt, where the temperature of heat source is 95⁰C, the pressure and temperature of steam inlet turbine is 1.38 MPa and 67.9oC respectively. Solar energy as the main energy source in the ORC system can reduce energy use up to 49.9% or 4080.8 kJ where the temperature of the water as the heat source in the evaporator is 51°C.
Study on the Potential of Waste in Pangkalpinang as Source of Power Generation
Authors: Welly Yandi  , Sunanda Wahri , Fitsa Alfazumi Nada
Published: November 2021

The Waste Power Plant is one of the power plants with a new renewable energy concept that utilizes waste as fuel. The processing of waste into electrical energy is carried out in two ways: the thermal conversion process and the biological conversion process to find the potential for waste that can be used as fuel to generate electricity. The analysis is needed, especially for Pangkalpinang, which currently has a lot of unprocessed waste. This research was conducted through calculations using several formulas that have been used in previous studies. From these results, the potential waste in 2015 is 97.25 tons/day and produces energy of 18548.10 MWh/year, and in 2020, it was about 186.57 tons/day and produced energy of 35547.18 MWh/year. The projection calculations are carried out to determine the potential for 2021 to 2030. Waste as much as 182523 tons/day in2021 can produce energy of as much as 34776.11 MWh/year. And in 2030, the amount of waste as much as 218132 tons/day can generate an energy potential of 41560.69 MWh/year.
Convivencia escolar en contextos de encierro: significados en una escuela en Chile
Authors: Carrasco Aguilar Claudia , Waleska Barrera Sagredo Waleska , Ramos Concha Gabriel
Published: November 2021

La convivencia escolar es un concepto que ha sido definido de múltiples forma y genera contradicciones y ambigüedades en su comprensión. En el intento por consensuar una definición, aparecen vacíos conceptuales por comprender el fenómeno en entornos marginados, donde existe escasa producción científica, como son los centros educativos en contextos penitenciarios. Con el objetivo de analizar los significados sobre convivencia escolar en personas que trabajan en una escuela dentro de una cárcel en Chile, se realiza un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico en un centro educativo penitenciario de administración pública, a través de entrevistas en profundidad dirigidas a seis profesores y un gendarme, quien se desempeña como personal de apoyo. En el análisis se aplicó el método de comparación constante. Los resultados muestran significados de convivencia escolar asociados al respeto y enfoques de convivencia participativo-democrático, formativo y disciplinario. Estos resultados se discuten en torno a la idea de respeto como dignidad humana, participación democrática y complejidad institucional, y se debate sobre la prisionización y las posibilidades de desarrollar un proceso de pedagogización en contextos de encierro.
PREVENTING CHILD TRAFFICKING BY CUSTOMARY INSTITUTIONS AND LOCAL WISDOM IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Sri Walny Rahayu  , Teuku Ahmad Yani  , Azhari Yahya
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to explain the causes of child trafficking in Indonesia and the efforts made by the Customary Institutions in preventing Child Trafficking in line with local wisdom values. This paper adopts normative juridical research by using the data collected through library research on regulations for child trafficking. The approach used is the historical approach and the conceptual approach. The role of Customary Institutions in Aceh and community involvement to prevent acts of violence and child exploitation is provided in the local law. The position and function of the Aceh Customary Institutions are dominant and can be used as a model of prevention of trafficking in children. Local wisdom is traceable in society despite some of these basic values are fading due to globalization and consumerism.
Is Being a Prisoner, Indigenous or Having a Psychiatric Illness an Acceptable Limitation to Treatment Access for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection?
Authors: Elliott James , L. Gaffney
Published: November 2021

170 million people worldwide are infected with chronic hepatitis c virus (HCV) [1]. There are an estimated 226700 people infected in Australia and it is the most common indication for liver transplantation in this country [2]. Despite this, overall treatment uptake remains low at <2% of patients infected undergoing treatment per year [3]. Rates of admission to hospital with decompensated liver cirrhosis are expected to increase by 190% by 2030 [4]. Cure of chronic HCV infection requires complex treatment regimens for several months.10.31579/2641-5194/021
Acupuncture and Phytotherapy Applications in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Authors: Alp Hayriye
Published: November 2021

Phytotherapy, medicinal and aromatic plants, algae, fungi and lichens, or their extracts, such as gum, balsam and resin, extracts, essential oils, candles and fixed oils with herbal preparations prepared in various forms (tea, capsule, tablet, syrup, drop , lozenges, sachets, etc.) to be protected from diseases, to treat diseases or to support treatment. Phytotherapy; It is based on scientific research and clinical studies. Historically, it has been the primary support of doctors in the treatment of diseases. Objective:We offer here; In addition to the treatment of obesity with acupuncture and phytotherapeutically artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale FH Wigg.) using antidepressants for many years, the treatment of obesity with impaired obesity and elevated liver enzymes. It is a case where a positive decrease is achieved in liver enzymes by giving mix extract. Methods: Yin-tan, Memory, Kid-3, Liv-3, St-36,24,25 in body acupuncture, Shen-men, stomach, larynx, jerome, kidney points were pinned in ear acupuncture. When patients who apply to the outpatient clinic need phytotherapeutic support, liver enzymes are routinely checked. Results:The patient lost both weight and liver enzymes. Conclusions and Recommendations: The biggest disadvantage of these preparations is their uncontrolled and high-dose use. It is most appropriate to give this kind of support treatments by people who are trained and licensed in this regard, especially under the control of a doctor. For this purpose, the Department of Traditional Complementary Medicine provides the development of physicians and pharmacists who have received phytotherapy training.
Holistic Approach in Cases of irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Alp Hayriye
Published: November 2021

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), which starts with intestinal inflammation and mucosal tissue damage, progresses with an impaired immune response, causes intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, whose etiology is unknown, and which systemic chronic diseases that significantly affect their quality of life. Diseases. The mainstay of treatment in IBD is the elimination of symptoms, remission is achieved by mucosal healing, maintenance of remission and prevention of recurrence.The aim of treatment in IBD is to improve clinical laboratory, mucosal and quality of life. Conventional treatment for the disease.It is not sufficient to correct related complications. Therefore, new treatment modalities should be initiated as early as possible. From a modern medical perspective, inflammatory bowel diseases are nowadays often referred to as autoimmune diseases.It is accepted. To find the right individual remedy, inflamed bowel It is also important to look at possible causes of the disease. Because In the Regulatory Medicine approach, holistic healing is by eliminating the causes, not by suppressing or treating the symptoms best done by removing.
Chronic Liver Diseases- Experience at Tertiary Care Centre of Northern India
Authors: Malhotra Parveen , Malhotra Vani , Sanwariya Yogesh , Pahuja Isha , Chugh Ajay , Akshay Akshay
Published: November 2021

Introduction: It is important to determine the epidemiological factors like etiology, age, sex, mode of clinical presentation and pattern of development of complications of chronic liver disease, so as to design optimal and cost effective preventive and treatment strategies for the same. Aim: To determine etiology of Chronic liver disease in Northern India. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study done at Medical Gastroenterology Department, PGIMS,Rohtak conducted over a period of ten years i.e. 01.01.2011 to 31.12.2020, on 1000 confirmed patients of chronic liver disease (CLD). Results: The most common etiology seen was Alcoholic liver disease (48.9%), followed by Nonalcoholic liver disease (26.4%), Chronic Hepatitis B (12.3%), Chronic Hepatitis C (9%), Cryptogenic (2.7%) and Autoimmune liver disease related (0.7%). Conclusion: The present study reveals that alcohol is most common cause of chronic liver disease in Northern India. The males of middle age group with rural background are at significant risk of developing CLD, thus requiring immediate social and medical intervention.
Age Gracefully: Keep the Immune System Healthy
Authors: Gupta PD
Published: November 2021

Inflammation clock or iAge clock which was developed recently that can measure inflammation products in the body of an individual and can predict immunological decline. It is also capable of predicting incurring age-associated diseases. The quantity and quantity of these inflammatory products is also related physiological age. This will be useful information in the hands of researchers who are engaged in drug development. This will also be a helpful tool in therapeutics for clinicians.
A Dire Emergency Case of Stab Injury with Impending Ischemia of Eviscerated Bowel with Colonic Perforation - A Case Report
Authors: S Chatterjee , Amir M , D Sameer , P Prathamesh
Published: November 2021

Penetrating abdominal trauma is mostly caused by gunshots or stab wounds.1 Management of penetrating abdominal trauma is often challenging and time between the injury and surgical intervention play a pivotal role in such cases depending upon the clinical presentation of the patient.The success rate depends so much on early surgical intervention that one cannot wait for pre-operative work up before taking the patient to operation theatre2. We present a case of stab injury presented with eviscerated ischemic bowel and perforation in transverse colon with mesenteric arterial spurter.
Linear plication and external wrapping in ascending aortic aneurysm in well-selected patients: Surgical technique
Authors: Alşalaldeh Mohammad , Özcan Ali Vefa
Published: November 2021

An aortic aneurysm is known as a bulging or dilatation of the aorta for more than one and half of its normal diameter result in making the wall of the aorta thinner and at the risk of dissection or rupture. For a long time ago surgeons have worked hard to find the best surgical technique to treat this pathology. Open surgery with the replacement of the aneurysmatic segment by a synthetic graft is still the standard surgical treatment method. In the past, some surgeons tried patching the aneurysmatic segment with synthetic patches. This technique was not accepted by many surgeons. In our cardiovascular surgical center, we perform linear plication and external wrapping (LPEW) surgical technique for more than ten years in well-selected patients whose aortic aneurysm diameter is less than 6 cm with normal aortic root and who has not any connective tissue disease, dissection, or rupture. Our results are satisfying with low morbidity and mortality.
Rash in COVID-19
Authors: Kooragayalu Shravan
Published: November 2021

In December 2019, unexplained cases of pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) was isolated from respiratory tract of patients, and the resultant disease was termed as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) (Jin YH 2020). COVID-19 has spread throughout china and across the world and it was declared as a pandemic by March 11th 2020 (Ng OT 2020). Running Title: COVID-19 is a systemic disease that could affect almost all parts of the body but it primarily affects the respiratory system. There is very limited data in the literature about the dermatological manifestations of COVID-19. An interesting case of skin rash in a patient who was critically ill with COVID-19 is presented here. The skin rash improved after short course of treatment with steroids. It is recommended that clinicians have a high index of suspicion to COVID-19 disease in patients who develop unexplainable rash.
Can Nutritional Supplementation Increase the Risk Of Crizotinib-Associated Hepatotoxicity: A Clinical Case Example
Authors: Zenzri Y , Daoud N , Benna N El , Berrazaga Y
Published: November 2021

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death. The identification of oncogenetic driver mutation in lung cancer led to a therapeutic revolution by the discovery of targetable genetic alterations including the anaplasic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion oncogene and ROS1 . The tyrosine kinase inhibitor “Crizotinib” improved clinical outcome and prolonged responses. Severe hepatotoxicity is a rare adverse event .We report a case of Crizotinib-induced acute hepatitis with a probable drug-bergamot interaction
A case report pemphigoid gestational case, responding to systemic steroid therapy
Authors: Dertlioğlu Selma Bakar
Published: November 2021

In this case report, a rare case of Pemphigoid Gestationis at 33 weeks’ of gestation is presented and the related literature is briefly reviewed. A 21-year-old at 33 weeks’ of gestation admitted with the complain of itchy skin lesions on the abdomen, arms and legs. Dermatologic examination revealed urticaria papules and plaques in the abdomen, arms and legs, more intensely around the umbilicus, which range from 1-2 cm diameter to 4-5 cm diameter. Papulovesicular lesions and few erosions were observed especially in the hand and foot dorsals. Spongiosis on epidermis, intracellular and subepidermal bullae formation, edema on papillary architecture and inflammatory infiltrate composed of mononuclear cells and eosinophils around the perivascular ares of the upper dermis were seen in histological examination. Direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin showed linear deposition of complement (C3) along the basement membrane zone. The preliminary diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationis was confirmed by histopathologic findings. Pemphigoid gestationis is a rare autoimmune bullous dermatosis that begins in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Healing occurs weeks after birth. It occurs more severely in subsequent pregnancies. Its main treatment is systemic steroid and antihistamine administration. A multidisciplinary approach both in dermatological and gynecological terms is required for the diagnosis, treatment and course of the disease.
An Observational Study of Bovine Pericardial Patch Angioplasty as a surgical option for Infected Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Harada Hideyuki , Tong Xiaoning , Narita Masahiko , Ohkubo Ryo , Kimura Fumiaki , Baba Toshio
Published: November 2021

Background: An infected aortic aneurysm (IAA) is a rare and life-threatening disease. The aim of this study is to elucidate mid-term outcomes of IAA, incorporating patch angioplasty with bovine pericardium. Materials and Methods: Between June 2011 and August 2020, eight patients (one woman, seven men) with infected aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta were treated surgically. Results: There was no surgical/hospital death. There were two late deaths at follow-up. One patient (patient 6) was re-admitted to the hospital with vomiting blood four months after surgery and died despite treatment. Another patient (patient 5) died at his home 12 months after surgery, and the cause of death was unknown.　Six patients remained alive with no evidence of recurrent aneurysm formation due to infection at a mean follow-up of 70.3 (range, 13-110) months. Conclusions: BPPA could be one of the surgical options for IAA, especially in patients with severe adhesion around the aneurysm.