bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progresses and Prospects on Glucosinolate Detection in Cruciferous Plants
Authors: Li Xuaner , Wen Dongna , He Yafei , Liu Yumei , Han Fengqing , Su Jialin , Lai Shangxiang , Zhuang Mu , Gao Fuxing , Li Zhansheng
Published: December 2024

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest international research on detection methods for glucosinolates in cruciferous plants. This article examines various analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and capillary electrophoresis (CE), while highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, this review delves into recent advancements in sample preparation, extraction, and quantification methods, offering valuable insights into the accurate and efficient determination of glucosinolate content across diverse plant materials. Furthermore, it underscores the critical importance of the standardization and validation of these methodologies to ensure reliable glucosinolate analyses in both scientific research and industrial applications.
Increasing the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Apple Juice Through Direct Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction from Bilberry Pomace
Authors: Nour Violeta
Published: December 2024

The increasing trend of diet-related chronic diseases has stimulated research into developing new food products and beverages with health-promoting potential. At the same time, new resources, including plant by-products, are currently being investigated as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds. In this context, the present study focused on the enrichment of apple juice with anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds by direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) from bilberry pomace. Response surface methodology combined with a Box–Behnken design was used to find the optimal extraction conditions for maximizing the total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) in the enriched apple juices and to characterize their phenolic profile as influenced by the extraction temperature. UAE from 15% bilberry pomace during 15 min in apple juice at 80 °C resulted in the highest TAC (262.73 mg CGE/L), TPC (1700.91 mg GAE/L) and RSA (8.93 mmol Trolox/L) of the enriched apple juice. The chromatographic polyphenolic profile of the control and enriched juices showed that, besides anthocyanins, phenolic acids (chlorogenic, gallic, caffeic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ellagic and protocatechuic acids) and flavonoids (epigallocatechin and catechin) were extracted from the bilberry pomace directly in the apple juice, while the extraction temperature differently impacted the content of individual phenolic compounds.
Purple Yampee Derivatives and Byproduct Characterization for Food Applications
Authors: Medina-López Sandra V. , Molina García Cristian , Lizarazo-Aparicio Maria Cristina , Hernández-Gómez Maria Soledad , Fernández-Trujillo Juan Pablo
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the technological potential and bioactive compounds present in purple yampee (Dioscorea trifida L.f.) lyophilized powder, peeled and whole flour, as well as the tuber peel, starch residual fiber, and wastewater mucilage. Although most values approached neutrality, flour showed a lower pH and high density, while greater acidity was observed in the mucilage. Color differed statistically and perceptibly between all samples, with similar values of °hue to purple flours from other sources, and the maximum chroma was found in lyophilized pulp and lightness in fiber. Average moisture levels around 7.2% and water activity levels of 0.303 (0.194 for whole flour) in fractions suggested favorable storability, while the interaction of the powders with water was similar to other root and tuber powdered derivatives. Yampee periderm had the highest swelling power, oil absorption capacity, water holding capacity, and absorption index and capacity. Mucilage had a higher solubility index and outstanding emulsion activity, greater than 90%. Twelve anthocyanins, with new reports of petunidin derivatives for the species, and more than 30 phytochemicals were identified through advanced liquid chromatography techniques. The greatest amounts of pinitol and myo-inositol were found in the mucilage, and sucrose, glucose, and fructose prevailed in the other powders. Successfully characterized yampee fractions showed high potential as functional food ingredients.
Changes in Ginsenoside Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ginseng Berry by Puffing
Authors: Lee You-Jeong , Shin Jae-Sung , Oh Seon-Min , Bae Ji-Eun , Ye Sang-Jin , Lee Hyungjae , Kim Wooki , Baik Moo-Yeol
Published: December 2024

The effects of puffing on the ginsenoside composition as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ginseng berry were investigated to increase the utilization of ginseng berry. There was no significant difference in extraction yield between the control and puffed samples at all moisture contents and pressure conditions (p < 0.05). Major ginsenosides of ginseng berry (especially ginsenoside Re) were degraded through deglycosylation and dehydration by heat and pressure, and new minor ginsenosides (Rg3, F2, Rh2 and Rb2) were produced after puffing. Puffed ginseng berries showed higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) than those of the control group, and these contents were increased as puffing pressure increased. In addition, higher antioxidant activities were observed in puffed ginseng berries compared to the controls, possibly due to the increase in TPC and MRPs. Antioxidant activity increased with increasing puffing pressure at all moisture contents. Nitric oxide (NO) production showed no significant inhibitory effect between control and puffed ginseng berries (p < 0.05). In the case of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 had an inhibitory effect, but TNF-α had no inhibitory effect. Consequently, puffing showed a positive effect on the composition and the transformation of ginsenosides as well as the antioxidant activity of ginseng berries, suggesting that puffed ginseng berries can be used as a high value-added food material.
Anticholinesterase Activity and Bioactive Compound Profiling of Six Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Varieties
Authors: Sagan Bartłomiej , Czerny Bogusław , Stasiłowicz-Krzemień Anna , Szulc Piotr , Skomra Urszula , Karpiński Tomasz M. , Lisiecka Jolanta , Kamiński Adam , Kryszak Aleksandra , Zimak-Krótkopad Oskar , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: December 2024

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are widely recognized for their use in brewing, but they also possess significant pharmacological properties due to their rich bioactive compounds, with many varieties exhibiting diverse characteristics. This study investigates the chemical composition and biological activities of extracts from six hop varieties, focusing on quantifying xanthohumol and lupulone using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) analysis. The hop varieties demonstrated significant variability in bioactive compound concentrations, with Aurora showing the highest xanthohumol (0.665 mg/g) and Zwiegniowski the highest lupulone (9.228 mg/g). TPC analysis revealed Aurora also had the highest phenolic content (22.47 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, with Aurora and Oregon Fuggle displaying the most potent capacities. Aurora, in particular, showed the highest activity across multiple assays, including significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase inhibition, with IC50 values of 24.39 mg/mL, 20.38 mg/mL, and 9.37 mg/mL, respectively. The chelating activity was also assessed, with Apolon demonstrating the strongest metal ion binding capacity (IC50 = 1.04 mg/mL). Additionally, Aurora exhibited the most effective hyaluronidase inhibition (IC50 = 10.27 mg/mL), highlighting its potential for anti-inflammatory applications. The results underscore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the bioactive compound profiles of hop varieties and their biological activity offering promising avenues for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the potential interactions between hop cones components.
Effects of Steaming on Fresh Edible Kernels of Waxy and Normal Maize Determined by Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: He Yonghui , Zhu Yingjie , Jiang Guangxuan , Xu Mingyue , Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Xuecai , Yin Zhitong
Published: December 2024

The understanding of the characteristics and metabolite changes in waxy and normal maize kernels after cooking is rather limited. This study was designed to meticulously analyze the differences in characteristics and metabolites of these kernels before and after steaming. To cut environmental impacts, samples were obtained by pollinating one ear with mixed pollen. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to analyze metabolites comprehensively. The results demonstrated that a total of 4043 annotated metabolites were identified. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated distinct variances between kernels before and after steaming and between the two maize types. Steaming led to an increase in differential metabolites (DEMs) for both maize varieties, noticeably in waxy maize. In waxy maize, the down-regulated DEMs were associated with lipid metabolism, while the up-regulated ones were related to amino acid, phenylpropanoid, and flavone metabolism. Compared to steamed normal maize kernels, waxy maize had more DEMs in purine and steroid pathways, fewer in fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, and phenylpropanoid ones, with marked differences in secondary metabolites like those in amino acid metabolism. This study offers a vital foundation and direction for future research on metabolic pathways regarding maize quality improvement and flavor regulation.
Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Attributes of Original-Cut Potato Chips in the Chinese Market
Authors: Cui Guangcan , Wang Ting , Cai Zeyu , Liu Jianglin , Hu Yutong , Wang Qingguo , Liu Tengfei
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the Chinese market’s physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of 14 original-cut potato chip brands. Color characteristics, compositional analysis, sugar content, acrylamide levels, and textural properties were examined alongside sensory evaluations. Significant variations were observed across all the parameters. Color analysis revealed diverse L*, a*, and b* values, with total color difference (ΔE) strongly correlating with sensory scores (r = 0.73, p < 0.01). A compositional analysis showed substantial differences in protein (5.19–8.51%), fat (27.91–40.16%), and moisture (0.67–3.78%) contents. Acrylamide levels varied widely (166.7–1101.78 mg/kg), positively correlating with the sucrose content (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). A textural analysis demonstrated significant variations in hardness (379.38–1103.6 gf) and fracturability (167.5–857.77 gf), with fracturability negatively correlating with sensory scores (r = −0.75, p < 0.01). A sensory evaluation revealed distinct brand preferences, with the total scores ranging from 65 to 85. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between the physicochemical properties and consumer perception of potato chips in the Chinese market and offers potential directions for product optimization and quality control in the snack food industry, inspiring hope and innovation among industry professionals.
Multi-Element Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics for Identification of Seaweeds and Innovative Risk–Benefit Assessment
Authors: Guo Yuansheng , Zuo Tiantian , Gong Shuo , Chen Anzhen , Jin Hongyu , Liu Jing , Wang Qi , Liu Jingjing , Kang Shuai , Li Ping , Wei Feng , Ma Shuangcheng
Published: December 2024

Seaweeds are one of the major marine foods with high values. The diversity of seaweed species significantly impacts their quality and is closely linked to their purity and safety. For the first time, this study established a model to discriminate seaweed species using a multi-element fingerprinting approach for species identification. Twenty-nine elements derived from seaweeds were analyzed. Chemometrics showed that seaweed samples could be well separated by the established multi-element fingerprints, of which Ag, Mn, Sr, and K were the most important variables for discrimination. Furthermore, the present study proposed an innovative risk–benefit assessment strategy for seaweeds that considers both risks and benefits, developing a novel risk–benefit assessment model from both dietary and medicinal perspectives for the first time. Our innovative strategy was well-conceived to accurately and effectively differentiate seaweeds based on species and scientifically evaluate both benefits and risks associated with seaweeds. This strategy is poised to offer invaluable insights into the sustainable growth of the seaweed sector and to bolster public health initiatives, ensuring a robust and forward-looking approach to both industry and healthcare advancements.
Beyond the Myths: Brazilian Consumer Perceptions of Functional Food
Authors: Ponte Luis Gustavo Saboia , Ribeiro Suliene França , Antunes Adriane Elisabete Costa , Bezerra Rosangela Maria Neves , da Cunha Diogo Thimoteo
Published: December 2024

The growing consumer interest in functional foods and healthy eating can unfortunately lead to the spread of misinformation and the belief in food-related myths. This study analyzed Brazilian consumers’ perceptions and beliefs about facts and myths regarding functional foods, focusing on attitudes, reference groups, and sociocultural factors affecting their perception. A theoretical model was developed, incorporating constructs such as attitudes (reward, trust, necessity, safety), beliefs, and reference groups. Data from 600 participants in the Southeast (n = 300) and Northeast (n = 300) of Brazil were collected through online questionnaires, with responses measured on a five-point Likert scale. Myths (widely held ideas lacking scientific basis) and ‘facts’ (evidence-based information) regarding functional food were selected via literature review and validated by nutrition experts. Structural equation modeling revealed that perceived necessity and reward were positively associated with myths, while safety perception was negatively associated with myths. Reference groups and beliefs were positively associated with facts. Cluster analysis identified two consumer profiles: (1) safety-conscious individuals, who prioritize food safety, and (2) engaged critics, influenced by reference groups and actively seeking information. These findings highlight the importance of culturally tailored communication strategies for countering myths and promoting functional foods in Brazil. Regulatory bodies in Brazil must enhance oversight of health claims to build consumer trust and encourage informed choices, fostering mindful consumption habits.
Changes to Pork Bacterial Counts and Composition After Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment and Storage in Modified-Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zuo Huixin , Dai Zhaoqi , Guo Zonglin , Holman Benjamin W. B. , Ding Yanqin , Shi Jingying , Ding Xiaoxiao , Huang Mingming , Mao Yanwei
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the succession of natural microbiota in pork held under refrigerated storage for up to 10 days after dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment. Two methods were used to assess the impact of DBD on microorganisms. Firstly, traditional selective media (SM) were employed to detect the bactericidal effects of DBD on Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and Brochothrix thermosphacta. Secondly, the thin agar layer (TAL) method was used to further evaluate the bactericidal effects of DBD. In addition, the Baranyi and Roberts model was applied to explore the kinetic parameters of Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, LAB, and B. thermosphacta during storage. Finally, the modified Lotka–Volterra model was used to describe the interactions between each microorganism. The study found that when using traditional selective media (SM), 85 kV DBD had a significant bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, LAB, and Brochothrix thermosphacta. However, when using the thin agar layer (TAL) method, the results suggested that DBD had no significant bactericidal effect, suggesting that DBD caused sublethal damage to the natural microorganisms on pork. Analysis with the Baranyi and Roberts model showed that DBD treatment significantly extended the lag phase of these four types of microorganisms and significantly reduced the μmax of all microorganisms except LAB. The analysis results of the modified Lotka–Volterra model showed that LAB had a greater impact on Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, and B. thermosphacta (a21 > a12). In conclusion, DBD treatment was shown to have a significant sublethal bactericidal effect that impacted both the count and composition of natural microorganisms found on pork.
Comparison of Multiple NIR Instruments for the Quantitative Evaluation of Grape Seed and Other Polyphenolic Extracts with High Chemical Similarities
Authors: Lukacs Matyas , Vitalis Flora , Bardos Adrienn , Tormási Judit , Bec Krzysztof B. , Grabska Justyna , Gillay Zoltan , Tömösközi-Farkas Rita A. , Abrankó László , Albanese Donatella , Malvano Francesca , Huck Christian W. , Kovacs Zoltan
Published: December 2024

Grape seed extract (GSE), one of the world’s bestselling dietary supplements, is prone to frequent adulteration with chemically similar compounds. These frauds can go unnoticed within the supply chain due to the use of unspecific standard analytical methods for quality control. This research aims to develop a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method for the rapid and non-destructive quantitative evaluation of GSE powder in the presence of multiple additives. Samples were prepared by mixing GSE with pine bark extract (PBE) and green tea extract (GTE) on different levels between 0.5 and 13% in singular and dual combinations. Measurements were performed with a desktop and three different handheld devices for performance comparison. Following spectral pretreatment, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR)-based quantitative models were built to predict extract concentrations and various chemical parameters. Cross- and external-validated models could reach a minimum R2p value of 0.99 and maximum RMSEP of 0.27% for the prediction of extract concentrations using benchtop data, while models based on handheld data could reach comparably good results, especially for GTE, caffeic acid and procyanidin content prediction. This research shows the potential applicability of NIRS coupled with chemometrics as an alternate, rapid and accurate quality evaluation tool for GSE-based supplement mixtures.
Development of an Easy-To-Use Microfluidic System to Assess Dynamic Exposure to Mycotoxins in 3D Culture Models: Evaluation of Ochratoxin A and Patulin Cytotoxicity
Authors: Zingales Veronica , Piunti Caterina , Micheli Sara , Cimetta Elisa , Ruiz María-José
Published: December 2024

Mycotoxins are among the most concerning natural toxic food contaminants. Over the years, significant efforts have been made to characterize the risk associated with their exposure. However, assessing their toxicity has so far been elusive due to the lack of adequate models that closely mimic the physiological conditions of human cells in vivo. Here, we present the SpheroFlow Device (SFD), an efficient microfluidic platform designed, manufactured, and validated to evaluate mycotoxin-induced cytotoxicity under dynamic and continuous exposure in 3D culture settings. In the present study, we integrated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y spheroids into the SFD to assess the acute toxicity induced by the mycotoxins ochratoxin A (OTA) and patulin (PAT). The developed system enabled qualitative and quantitative measurements of concentration–response relationships and provided accurate control over the culture microenvironment. Our findings show that by enhancing 3D culture model by applying dynamic flow, SH-SY5Y spheroids exhibited different sensitivities to OTA and PAT compared to conventional static SH-SY5Y spheroids, confirming the critical role of culture models in mycotoxin toxicity assessment. This is the first study assessing the neurotoxicity of OTA and PAT on 3D neuroblastoma spheroids considering the contribution of fluid flow.
Rosemarinic Acid-Induced Destabilization of Aβ Peptides: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Zhao Liang , Jiang Weiye , Zhu Zehui , Pan Fei , Xing Xin , Zhou Feng , Zhao Lei
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain. These pathological aggregates interfere with neuronal function, leading to the disruption of cognitive processes, particularly memory. The deposition of Aβ forms senile plaques, while tau protein, in its hyperphosphorylated state, forms neurofibrillary tangles, both of which contribute to the underlying neurodegeneration observed in AD. Rosmarinic acid (RosA), a natural compound found in plants such as Rosmarinus officinalis, is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, RosA holds promise as a nutritional supplement that may support brain health. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate the impact of RosA on the structural stability of Aβ peptides. The results indicated that the addition of RosA increased the instability of Aβ, as evidenced by an increase in the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), a decrease in the Radius of Gyration (Rg), and an expansion of the Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA). This destabilization is primarily attributed to the disruption of native hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in the presence of two RosA molecules. The free energy landscape (FEL) analysis and MM-PBSA (Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area Mechanics) results further support the notion that RosA can effectively bind to the hydrophobic pocket of the protein, highlighting its potential as a nutritional component that may contribute to maintaining brain health and function.
Quantitative Prediction of Protein Content in Corn Kernel Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Fan Chenlong , Liu Ying , Cui Tao , Qiao Mengmeng , Yu Yang , Xie Weijun , Huang Yuping
Published: December 2024

Rapid and accurate detection of protein content is essential for ensuring the quality of maize. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology faces limitations due to surface effects and sample homogeneity issues when measuring the protein content of whole maize grains. Focusing on maize grain powder can significantly improve the quality of data and the accuracy of model predictions. This study aims to explore a rapid detection method for protein content in maize grain powder based on near-infrared spectroscopy. A method for determining protein content in maize grain powder was established using near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra in the 940–1660 nm range. Various preprocessing techniques, including Savitzky−Golay (S−G), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV), and the first derivative (1D), were employed to preprocess the raw spectral data. Near-infrared spectral data from different varieties of maize grain powder were collected, and quantitative analysis of protein content was conducted using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) models. Feature wavelengths were selected to enhance model accuracy further using the Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and Uninformative Variable Elimination (UVE). Experimental results indicated that the PLSR model, preprocessed with 1D + MSC, yielded the best performance, achieving a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.3 g/kg, a correlation coefficient (Rp) of 0.93, and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 3. The associated methods and theoretical foundation provide a scientific basis for the quality control and processing of maize.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Murtilla Leaves (Ugni molinae Turcz.) in Beef Patties: Effects on Quality Parameters and Shelf Life
Authors: Velázquez Lidiana , Quiñones John , Martínez Ailín , Pérez Isabela , Velasquez Carla , Sepúlveda-Truan Gastón , Díaz Rommy , Bastianello Campagnol Paulo Cezar , Sepúlveda Néstor
Published: December 2024

Beef patties are highly consumed worldwide. However, its formulations often include synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. Murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz.), a shrub native to southern Chile, has leaves with a polyphenolic concentration 3.2 times higher than its fruits. This study evaluated the effects of three concentrations of murtilla leaf powder (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg) on the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory parameters of beef patties, compared to controls without antioxidants and with erythorbate (500 mg/kg). The patties were stored at 2 °C for 12 days in a modified atmosphere (80% O2/20% CO2). No changes were observed in proximal composition; however, the 1500 mg/kg concentration affected the redness (a*) of the beef patties (15.04 vs. 19.37 in the control) (p ≤ 0.05). Oxidative stability increased as follows: Mu1500 (88.21%) > sodium erythorbate (83.5%) > Mu500 (79.7%) > Mu1000 (78.8%). Natural antioxidants decreased the deterioration of essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Aerobic mesophilic microorganism growth in the murtilla treatment was lower than in the control (2.06 log cfu/g vs. 3.83 log cfu/g). Murtilla leaf powders show promising results as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. Mu500 treatment improved the physicochemical and microbiological quality parameters without compromising the sensory characteristics.
Comparison of the Nutritional Composition of Meat Products Derived from Croatian Indigenous Pig Breeds
Authors: Vulić Ana , Cvetnić Željko , Kos Ivica , Vnučec Ivan , Vahčić Nada , Lešić Tina , Simonović Dimitrije , Kudumija Nina , Pleadin Jelka
Published: December 2024

There is a growing interest in the preservation of indigenous pig breeds, as they serve as a valuable genetic reserve. Pork meat products are widely consumed due to their desirable flavor, which is largely influenced by their chemical composition and the production processes employed. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the nutritional composition, mineral content, and fatty acid profile of meat products derived from indigenous Croatian pig breeds. Three types of meat products, including bacon, dry-cured ham, and dry-fermented sausages, originating from the Turopolje pig, Black Slavonian pig, and Banijska šara, were collected and analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and mineral content. Concerning the proximate analysis, statistically significant differences were found in the water and fat content in bacon and dry-fermented sausages, while the mineral analysis revealed differences in iron content. The fatty acid profile of the tested products was found to be in accordance with previously reported data. The results indicated similarities in chemical composition, mineral content, and fatty acid profile between meat products from different pig breeds; however, performing PCA analysis revealed that the major influence on product and breed characterization could be attributed to differences in fatty acid composition.
Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Bioaccessibility in Commercial Marine Oil Supplements: An In Vitro Integrated Analytical Study
Authors: Montebugnoli Thomas , Antonelli Giorgia , Babini Elena , Vasini Ester Maria , Danesi Francesca , Jónasdóttir Sigrún Huld , Gudjónsdóttir María , Capozzi Francesco , Bordoni Alessandra
Published: December 2024

Zooplankton such as copepods and krill are currently used to produce marine oil supplements, with the aim of helping consumers achieve the recommended intake of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs). Oils from lower trophic levels differ from fish oil in the distribution of lipids into different classes, and this can influence the bioaccessibility of fatty acids, i.e., the percentage of fatty acids that are released into the intestine in a form that can be absorbed by enterocytes. We evaluated fatty acid release after in vitro digestion in four commercial marine oil supplements containing fish, krill and Calanus finmarchicus oils using two different analytical approaches, TLC-FID and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results clearly indicated that the release of free fatty acids (FFAs) after simulated digestion mainly depends on the oil source and is mainly related to the partitioning of lipids into different classes. In fact, the lowest FFA release was detected in Calanus oils, which contain high amounts of wax esters. The different release of FFAs, which appeared secondarily related to encapsulation, can modulate the absorption and blood concentration of the administered n-3 LC-PUFAs and therefore their efficacy. This may partly explain the inconsistencies in intervention studies using marine oil supplements.
Identification of Protein Hydrolysates from Sesame Meal and In Vivo Study of Their Gastric Mucosal Protective Effects
Authors: Yuan Yutong , Wang Xinyi , Ling Nan , Zhou Jingxuan , Zhao Lei , Ji Baoping , Zhou Feng , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and defense mechanisms of a sesame meal protein hydrolysate against ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in mice. The target peptides in the hydrolysate were identified by LC-MS/MS, the activity was predicted by PeptideRanker, and the KM mice were orally administered distilled water, a sesame peptide, and omeprazole for 24 consecutive days. Acute gastric mucosal injury was then induced in mice with 70% ethanol, except for the CK group. The sesame peptide significantly inhibited the over-accumulation of ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MPO, while promoting the reduction in GSH, T-AOC, GSSG, and EGF expression. In addition, a Western blotting analysis showed that sesame peptide significantly up-regulated the expression of HO-1 and NQO1 proteins in the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, and down-regulated Keap1 protein. The defense effect of a sesame peptide on gastric mucosa may be achieved by alleviating the overproduction of lipid peroxides and improving the antioxidant activity.
A New Fractional Boundary Element Model for Anomalous Thermal Stress Effects on Cement-Based Materials
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Jeli Roqia Abdullah A.
Published: December 2024

The novelty of this work is the development of a new fractional boundary element model based on the Caputo derivative to investigate anomalous thermal stress effects on cement-based materials. To obtain the BEM integral equations for the proposed formulation, we employ the weighted residuals technique, with the anisotropic fundamental solution serving as the weighting function in the anomalous heat governing equation. The Caputo fractional derivative was employed as an integrand for the domain integral of the proposed formulation. The time step selection is less dependent on the time derivative order. This allows the approach to overcome the non-locality of the fractional operators. The key benefit provided by the suggested formulation is the ability to analyze situations with tiny values of the fractional time derivative. The current BEM methodology proves that it is a useful tool for solving fractional calculus problems.
Intraspecific Chloroplast Genome Genetic Polymorphism of Pinellia ternata (Xi Junecry) and Its Revelation of a Single Origin in Phylogeny
Authors: Xing Wenlong , Yu Weihan , Kong Yuanyuan , Ren Xian , Zhu Liuying , Li Qingyang , Yang Yujie , Cheng Yueqin , Wang Hongwei
Published: December 2024

Background: Xi Junecry (Pinellia ternata), a perennial herb of the Araceae family, is indigenous to Xinxian County, Henan Province, China, and is regarded as a premium variety among similar medicinal materials. However, the lack of comprehensive genetic information on Xi Junecry germplasm resources has constrained the cultivation and identification of high-quality varieties. Methods: In this study, six chloroplast genomes of Xi Junecry were assembled and annotated using high-throughput sequencing. Subsequently, comparative analyses were conducted, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results: The six Xi Junecry chloroplast genome lengths ranged from 157,456 to 158,406 bp, and the GC content was between 36.0% and 36.2%. A total of 265 single nucleotide polymorphism sites were identified across the six genomes, with a whole-genome nucleotide diversity (Pi) value of 0.00084. Among the four genomic regions, the small single-copy region exhibited the highest Pi, followed by the large single-copy region, while the inverted repeat region showed the lowest. Nucleotide polymorphism in coding regions was significantly lower than in non-coding regions. Nine hypervariable regions were identified, as follows: ndhE-ndhG, trnN-GUU-ndhF, trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC, atpB-rbcL, psaI, accD-ycf4, psbE-petL, psaC-ndhE, and psbI-trnG-UCC. Positive selection sites were detected in the accD and rbcL genes. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the six Xi Junecry samples into a distinct clade, separating them from other regional Pinellia samples. Conclusions: These findings elucidate the genetic variation levels in Xi Junecry and provide high-variability loci for population history inference, genetic diversity assessment, species domestication studies, and new cultivar development.
Federated Learning: Breaking Down Barriers in Global Genomic Research
Authors: Calvino Giulia , Peconi Cristina , Strafella Claudia , Trastulli Giulia , Megalizzi Domenica , Andreucci Sarah , Cascella Raffaella , Caltagirone Carlo , Zampatti Stefania , Giardina Emiliano
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized genomic research, presenting unprecedented opportunities for personalized medicine and population genetics. However, issues such as data silos, privacy concerns, and regulatory challenges hinder large-scale data integration and collaboration. Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative solution, enabling decentralized data analysis while preserving privacy and complying with regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This review explores the potential use of FL in genomics, detailing its methodology, including local model training, secure aggregation, and iterative improvement. Key challenges, such as heterogeneous data integration and cybersecurity risks, are examined alongside regulations like GDPR. In conclusion, successful implementations of FL in global and national initiatives demonstrate its scalability and role in supporting collaborative research. Finally, we discuss future directions, including AI integration and the necessity of education and training, to fully harness the potential of FL in advancing precision medicine and global health initiatives.
Excess 40Ar in Alkali Feldspar and 206,207Pb in Apatite Caused by Fluid-Induced Recrystallisation in a Semi-Closed Environment in Proterozoic (Meta)Granites of the Mt Isa Inlier, NE Australia
Authors: Popov Daniil , Spikings Richard , Paul André Navin , Ovtcharova Maria , Chiaradia Massimo , Kutzschbach Martin , Ulianov Alexey , O’Sullivan Gary , Chew David , Kouzmanov Kalin , Badenszki Eszter , Daly J. Stephen , Davies Joshua H. F. L.
Published: December 2024

Interpretation of 40Ar/39Ar dates of alkali feldspar and U-Pb dates of apatite depends on the dominant mechanism of isotopic transport in these minerals, which can be either diffusion or fluid-assisted dissolution-reprecipitation. To clarify the contributions of these processes, we have conducted a holistic study of alkali feldspar, apatite and other minerals from the Mt. Isa Inlier in NE Australia. Mineral characterisation by electron microscopy, optical cathodoluminescence imaging and element mapping reveal a complex interplay of textures resulting from magmatic crystallisation, deuteric recrystallisation, local deformation with subsequent higher-temperature alteration, and finally ubiquitous low-temperature alteration. U-Pb and Pb isotopic data for zircon, apatite, fluorite and alkali feldspar suggest that the latter event occurred at ~300 Ma and was associated with fluid-assisted exchange of Pb isotopes between minerals in the same rock, causing some apatite grains to have 207Pb-corrected U-Pb dates that exceed their crystallisation age. However, this event had no unequivocal effect on the 40Ar/39Ar or Rb-Sr systematics of the alkali feldspar, which were disturbed by higher-temperature alteration at ~1450 Ma. The age of the latter event is derived from Rb-Sr data. 40Ar/39Ar dates are very scattered and suggest that 40Ar redistribution proceeded by diffusion in the presence of traps in some places and by dissolution-reprecipitation with variable amounts of recycling in other places. Our results demonstrate the complex effects that interaction with limited amounts of fluids can have on 40Ar/39Ar dates of alkali feldspar and U-Pb dates of apatite and thereby reinforce previous critique of their suitability for thermochronological reconstructions. We further identify and discuss potential implications for noble gas geochronology of groundwaters and fission track dating of apatite.
Falls in Persons with Cognitive Impairment—Incidence and Characteristics of the Fallers
Authors: Farup Per G. , Hestad Knut , Engedal Knut
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The annual incidence of falls is high in older adults with impaired cognitive function and dementia, and injuries have a detrimental effect on disability-adjusted life-years and public health spending. In this registry-based study, fall incidence and characteristics of the fallers were explored in a large population with cognitive impairment. Methods: NorCog, “The Norwegian Registry of Persons Assessed for Cognitive Symptoms”, is a national research and quality registry with a biomaterial collection. This study included 9525 persons from the registry who had answered the question about falls. Fall incidence was studied, and the characteristics of fallers and non-fallers were compared. Results: The annual fall incidence was 3774/9525 (39.6%). The incidence varied between types of dementia, from 22.4% in persons with the debut of Alzheimer’s disease before 65 years of age to 55.3% in persons with vascular dementia and with increasing degrees of cognitive impairment. A wide range of personal characteristics, symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, and physical, psychological, and cognitive tests differed between fallers and non-fallers, most in disfavour of the fallers. Age, reduced Personal Activities of Daily Living, reduced gait speed, delayed recall, use of a walking aid, and depression were independent predictors of falls. Conclusions: Among cognitively impaired persons with a history of falls, frailty was an independent predictor of falls. Neither the type of dementia nor the degree of cognitive impairment were independent predictors of falls. Prevention of frailty by physical training and social activity may be important in mitigating fall risk among older adults with impaired cognition.
User Experience Study of the Patient Monitoring Systems Based on Usability Testing and Eye Tracking
Authors: Choi Hyeonkyeong , Jang Wonseuk
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The patient monitoring system is a critical tool commonly used in hospitals, making it essential to assess caregivers’ user requirements and satisfaction with its usability. In intensive care units (ICUs), the usability of these systems is closely linked to the work efficiency of key users, such as nurses, and directly impacts patient safety and treatment outcomes. This study evaluates the usability of patient monitoring systems in intensive care units (ICUs), focusing on user requirements and satisfaction among nurses, the primary users. Usability is directly linked to work efficiency and patient safety, with post-marketing surveillance (PMS) data from overseas, highlighting issues such as unrecognized alarms, leading to worsened patient conditions. Methods: This study involved 22 ICU nurses who had used the system for over a year, assessing usability through testing, satisfaction surveys, the Health-ITUES, and eye-tracking analysis. Results: The results showed a high success rate (94%) and positive satisfaction scores (4.15, SD = 0.88), with a Health-ITUES score of 4.13 (SD = 0.78). Eye tracking revealed that some functions, including alarms, were overlooked or not recognized. Conclusions: Recommendations include improving the interface for alarm messages and recording deletion functions to enhance user satisfaction and patient safety.
The Relationship Between Nursing Work Environment and Breastfeeding Prevalence During Child Hospitalization: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Batino Martina , Fiorini Jacopo , Zaghini Francesco , Biagioli Valentina , Frigerio Simona , Sili Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding during pediatric hospitalization is often challenging, especially in a setting where nursing work environments can affect breastfeeding support. This study examines the relationship between nursing work environments and the prevalence of breastfeeding during child hospitalization, focusing on aspects such as nursing workload, stress levels, and quality of work life (QoWL). Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in Italian pediatric hospitals from October 2023 to January 2024. Each ward head nurse completed a form daily for 30 consecutive days to record the number of children breastfed. Nurses’ workload, stress, and QoWL were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Multivariate regression was employed to examine the associations between organizational variables and breastfeeding prevalence. Results: A total of 256 nurses from low- and medium-intensity pediatric wards completed the survey (86.7% female, mean age = 39.2, SD = 9.96). Nurses reported low stress levels (M = 2.74; SD = 0.54) and a good QoWL (M = 3.03; SD = 0.50) despite high workloads (M = 3.34; SD = 0.95). The breastfeeding prevalence mean was 1.12 (SD = 1.38), which was highest in surgical units. Regression analysis revealed that higher breastfeeding prevalence was associated with nurses’ female gender (β = 0.17), clinical setting, and higher levels of nurses’ QoWL (β = 0.14) (R2 = 0.23; p < 0.001). Conclusions: To enhance breastfeeding support during child hospitalizations, healthcare policies should address workload management, stress reduction, and work–life balance. Future longitudinal research should expand to other clinical settings and include detailed patient data to understand these relationships.
Physical Activity Levels of Community-Dwelling Older Adults During Daily Life Activities: A Descriptive Study
Authors: van Dartel Dieuwke , Wang Ying , Hegeman Johannes H. , Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam M. R.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Measuring the physical functioning of older hip fracture patients using wearables is desirable, with physical activity monitoring offering a promising approach. However, it is first important to assess physical activity in healthy older adults. This study quantifies physical functioning with physical activity parameters and assesses those parameters in community-dwelling older adults. The results are compared with the results from one case participant 2 months post-hip fracture surgery. Methods: Twenty-four community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥ 80) participated. The acts of moving around the house, toileting, getting in/out of bed, and preparing meals was quantified by total time, time spent sitting, standing, and walking, number of transfers, and intensity of physical activity. MOX and APDM sensors measured the intensity of physical activity, with the tasks performed in a living lab while video-recorded. The case participant’s total time and intensity of physical activity were measured for walking to a door and getting in/out of bed. Results: Preparing meals showed the longest total time and time spent standing/walking, while moving around the house and getting in/out of bed had the highest intensity of physical activity. Only getting in/out of bed required sitting. The physical activity parameters varied among participants, with very active participants completing tasks faster. The case participant had longer total times and lower intensities of physical activity two months post-surgery compared to before the fracture. Conclusions: This study provides initial insights into the physical activity levels of community-dwelling older adults. It represents the beginning of more efficient and continuous monitoring of physical functioning.
Predicting Clinical Dishonesty Among Nursing Students: The Impact of Personal and Contextual Factors
Authors: Apatić Renata , Žvanut Boštjan , Brkić-Jovanović Nina , Kadović Marija , Đido Vedran , Lovrić Robert
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Numerous studies have examined nursing students’ academic dishonesty; however, there is still a gap in understanding the predictors of such behavior. This study aimed to identify personal (intrapersonal and interpersonal) and contextual factors predicting nursing students’ dishonesty during clinical training. Methods: A two-phase, prospective, predictive study was conducted at a nursing faculty in Croatia. The validated “Mentor Support Evaluation Questionnaire” was used in the first phase to assess students’ evaluations of the quality of mentor support during clinical training. The validated instruments “Optimism/Pessimism Scale” and “Nursing Student Perceptions of Dishonesty Scale” were used in the second phase to examine self-reported dishonesty and its contributing factors. The second phase also investigated the students’ knowledge of the university’s ethical and disciplinary regulations. Results: Of 398 participants, 195 (48.9%) reported engaging in clinical dishonesty. Hierarchical regression analysis identified critical predictors of frequent clinical dishonesty: lack of fear of consequences (β = −0.072), positive attitudes toward dishonesty (β= −0.081), higher incidence of academic dishonesty in the classroom (β = 0.221), lack of knowledge of the university’s regulations (β = −0.349), and low quality of mentor support (β = −0.430). The final model explained 60.7% of the variance in participants’ clinical dishonesty (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The identified predictors indicate that interpersonal factors, i.e., the quality of mentor support, influence students’ clinical dishonesty more than intrapersonal factors (e.g., attitudes or knowledge). Contextual factors (healthcare employment and study overload) were unrelated to clinical dishonesty. This finding can help develop strategies to reduce nursing students’ dishonesty and improve patient safety.