bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of low back pain and associated disability among women between 45-65 in Ernakulam district Kerala: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Nazar Nija Musliyamveettil Abdul , C. Menon Jaideep , Kartha Niveditha
Published: December 2024

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common health issues encountered worldwide. About 80% of the global population would have had an episode of LBP at some stage of life. Many of the musculoskeletal disorders develop in middle age and can be chronic lasting years, necessitating contact with health care providers.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 women in the age group of 45-65 years residing in Ernakulam (Kochi Corporation) for the past 6 months.  Low back pain among women was assessed based on the Orebro musculoskeletal pain questionnaire. A modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire was used to measure the disability level. Participants were selected using cluster sampling (proportionate probability sampling). Data was analysed using IBM SPSS software version 20, Chicago USA.
Results: The mean age of study subjects was 55.49±7.01. Overall, the prevalence of low back pain was found to be 53.1%. Many women with low back pain experienced moderate disability (79.2%). The low back pain was influenced by socio-demographic variables that include age, diabetic status, presence of dyslipidaemia, presence of trauma (p<0.05). Disability was influenced by age, history of trauma, history of dyslipidemia, family type (joint) (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Prevalence of low back pain among women was comparatively higher than reported in other studies from India and was associated with a moderate degree of disability.
Development and validation of a quantitative tool for assessment of sense of grip on disease among PL-HIV: a confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Roy Shuvajit , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Sahu Monalisha , Modak Dolanchampa , Paul Bobby
Published: December 2024

Background: Every chronic illness involves specific physical, social, and psychological care. Patients must comprehend their diagnosis (sense) and gain control over the ailment (grip on the disease). The sense of grip on disease (SoGoD) of a person living with chronic disease can be explored using narrative interviews which are lengthy, and often subjective. Thus, there is a need for an objective quantitative tool to assess SoGoD status. Oour objective was to develop a quantitative tool for the assessment of a sense of grip on disease based on the SoGoD model.
Methods: This institution-based tool development study was conducted among 120 PL-HIV visiting the ART center of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata in 2023. Based on the deductive approach and literature review, a five-construct SoGoD tool was made, subsequently validated by three domain experts, pre-tested, and revised. Revised version used for data collection. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed for the tool validation.
Results: A 15-item tool well mounted on five theoretical constructs of SoGoD was confirmed. Each item responded to a five-point Likert scale of one to five, considering the imposed weight, the global SoGoD score ranges from 3 to 15. A higher score indicates a higher sense of grip. The cut-off value was found to be seven. The tool was internally consistent with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.883.
Conclusions: Sense of grip on disease is a relatively simple, easy-to-apply tool but the cut-off needs to be contextualized based on setting and population.
A cross-sectional study on prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among residents of urban field practice area of Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
Authors: R. Srikaviya , Suryavanshi Jaya V. , Shedole Dayalakshmi T. , Dhadave Meenakshi M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for disease burden worldwide and an important cause of preventable mortality. An estimated 57% and 24% of stroke and coronary artery disease-related deaths, respectively are due to hypertension. In order to take effective prevention measures, identification of the risk factors is an essential prerequisite. Hence, this study was conducted with the objective of estimating the prevalence of hypertension and determining its associated risk factors in the urban field practice area of GIMS, Kalaburagi.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in urban field practice area of Gulbarga institute of medical sciences, Kalaburagi among 185 adults aged >18 years using purposive sampling method from August to October 2024. Data were collected using pretested, semi-structured questionnaire and blood pressure was measured and categorized according to International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines 2020.
Results: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was found to be 10.8% and 11.8% respectively. Age, education, marital status, associated co-morbidities, sleep duration, fast food consumption, body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with hypertension.
Conclusions: To prevent and control hypertension, campaigns to raise awareness should be carried out to reduce modifiable risk factors such as quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, promoting a healthy lifestyle and eating a balanced diet, as well as early detection and management.
Functional health and cognitive impairment: insights from elderly residents in old-age homes in Delhi
Authors: M. Sreelakshmi , Mahapathro Meerambika
Published: December 2024

Background: The study aims to determine the relationship between functional health and cognitive impairment in elderly residents of old-age homes in Delhi.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 121 elderly residents from 6 selected old age homes in Delhi. Interviews were conducted using Katz ADL, Lawton IADL, and Mini-cog tools.
Results: The study found that 3.3% of the study population had one ADL disability, 10.7% had 2 or more ADL disability, 18% of the respondents had one IADL disability, 47% with 2 or more IADL disability, and 57% of the residents who participated in the study were found to have a cognitive impairment. A significant association was found between ADL and IADL to self-rating of health and also, in addition to that, IADL is seen higher with increasing age, cognitive impairment, and those with less interest in working. Cognitive impairment was found more in females, with increasing age, those with lesser education, those with no income, no family contact, no emotional support, and those with no interest in working. No significant association was found between cognitive impairment and ADL in this study.
Conclusions: This research focuses on identifying modifiable factors that can improve the well-being of elderly residents in old age homes, aiming to enhance geriatric care strategies. Regular cognitive assessments, along with tailored interventions, are essential to support both cognitive and functional health. Creating a supportive environment through social engagement and personalized care can help mitigate cognitive decline, improving overall quality of life.
Knowledge, attitude, willingness, and factors influencing organ donation decision making in India
Authors: Issac Alwin , Devi Shyama , Khan Anwesha , Padhi Ipsita , Mitra Madhuparni , Dey Mounisha , Saha Tanisa , Jacob Jaison
Published: December 2024

Background: Organ donation is crucial for saving lives, but its success depends on an individual's willingness to donate, as a shortage of donor organs greatly hinders transplantation efforts. This study evaluates the general public's knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and the factors that encourage or hamper organ donation.
Methods: The study included 519 participants from Odisha, India, who completed a self-designed questionnaire assessing their knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and factors influencing organ donation. Knowledge was measured with nine items (score range: 0-9), attitudes with 12 items on a 4-point Likert scale (score range: 0-48), and willingness to donate was recorded as a binary variable (0=No; 1=Yes). Factors influencing organ donation were evaluated through multiple response questions. Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with willingness to donate, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Results: The mean knowledge score on organ donation was 5.63±1.22, and the mean attitude score was 36.04± 4.80. Among willing donors, the belief that organ donation benefits humanity was the most frequently reported encouragement, while family disapproval was the main barrier for those unwilling to donate. Logistic regression showed an association between attitudes (AOR=1.177; 95% CI: 1.123, 1.235) and residence (AOR=0.588; 95% CI: 0.385, 0.901) with the willingness to organ donation.
Conclusions: Attitudes were positively associated with the general public's willingness to donate organs, and increasing knowledge about the transplant process could help enhance willingness to donate organs.
Effect of smoking on hip arthroscopy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alatawi Ahmed A. , Alhawiti Mashael S. , Alanazi Ziyad M. , Alshehri Abdullah H. , Albalawi Salhaa S. , Albalwi Khaled A. , Alhuraysi Salem Y.
Published: December 2024

Hip arthroscopy is an increasingly utilized procedure for treating various hip pathologies. However, patient-related factors, such as smoking, may significantly impact postoperative outcomes. Smoking is known to impair tissue healing and increase the risk of complications, potentially leading to poorer surgical results. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of smoking on outcomes following hip arthroscopy, focusing on functional scores, pain levels, and patient satisfaction. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify studies assessing hip arthroscopy outcomes in smokers and nonsmokers. After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and assessing full-text eligibility, five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Outcomes were pooled using a fixed-effect model to calculate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The meta-analysis included data from five studies with a total of 618 patients (234 smokers and 384 nonsmokers). The hip outcome score–sports specific (HOS-SS) was significantly lower in smokers, with a mean difference of -8.63 (95% CI: -12.71, -4.54), indicating worse sports-specific function. The modified Harris hip score (mHHS) was also significantly lower in smokers (mean difference: -4.47, 95% CI: -7.50, -1.44). Pain levels measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) were higher in smokers (mean difference: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.06). However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction VAS scores between smokers and nonsmokers (mean difference: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.61, 0.34). In conclusion, smoking is associated with significantly worse functional outcomes and higher pain levels following hip arthroscopy. These findings highlight the importance of smoking cessation programs for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy to improve surgical outcomes. Despite the worse functional and pain outcomes, patient satisfaction did not differ significantly, which may indicate a disparity between objective outcomes and subjective satisfaction in smokers.
Decoding COVID-19 vaccine hesitation: a qualitative study
Authors: Priyadarshini N. Sadhana , Panigrahi Sasmita , Jacob Jaison , Krishnan Nadiya , Parida Swayam P. , Nayak Geetarani
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a new global reality, requiring societies to confront an unfamiliar disease and its effects. Countries faced two significant challenges: developing an effective vaccine and addressing vaccine hesitancy, a key barrier to achieving widespread inoculation. In 2019, the WHO identified vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten threats to global health. The success of vaccination campaigns depends on public trust and willingness to accept the vaccine. India initiated its nationwide COVID-19 vaccination drive on 16 January 2021, prioritizing front-line workers. However, despite repeated efforts, vaccine hesitancy persisted among some healthcare personnel. So, to explore the underlying individualized reasons of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare providers a qualitative study was conducted, as their opinions significantly influence public attitudes toward vaccination. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach to investigate vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers and students at a tertiary health center in Odisha, India. Twelve participants were purposively selected from various departments. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore attitudes and beliefs surrounding COVID-19 vaccines. Data from the interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using the thematic framework method. Three primary themes were emerged from the analysis: mental dynamics, socio-economic discourse, and governance. The subthemes of mental dynamics include fear, personal support network, belief and perceptions and trust. In socioeconomic discourse personal support network & information distortion. Concerns about vaccine efficacy were prevalent. Vaccine hesitancy in India is driven by factors such as misinformation, mistrust, cultural beliefs, and personal experiences. Addressing these concerns through targeted, evidence-based communication is essential for successful vaccination campaigns.
Definition, indication and outcome of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion
Authors: H. Almoabady Ebraheem , Alzamzami Adel A. , Alrashdi Tahani S. , Mujthil Khalid M. , Almohammadi Kholoud S. , Okashah Yazan A. , Alotaibi Anfal H. , Alghamdi Mohammed I. , Alamrani Saja A. , Amanullah Fatima S. , Alzyiad Fatima A. , Safhi Turki A.
Published: December 2024

Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) is an innovative orthodontic technique designed to address transverse maxillary deficiencies by achieving skeletal expansion while minimizing dental compensations. This technique integrates skeletal anchorage through miniscrews, which direct expansion forces to the maxillary sutures rather than the dentition. MARPE is particularly effective in skeletally mature patients, where traditional methods often fall short due to increased resistance from ossified sutures. By overcoming these limitations, MARPE has expanded the scope of non-surgical treatment options for adolescents and adults with maxillary constriction. The biomechanics of MARPE rely on precise miniscrew placement and activation protocols, which facilitate controlled expansion of the midpalatal suture and surrounding craniofacial structures. Short-term outcomes include significant increases in maxillary width and nasal airway volume, which improve both esthetics and respiratory function. Long-term studies demonstrate the stability of MARPE-induced skeletal changes, with minimal relapse when retention protocols are followed. Additionally, the procedure is effective in alleviating conditions associated with maxillary deficiencies, such as obstructive sleep apnea. Challenges associated with MARPE include anatomical variability, patient compliance, and complications such as miniscrew loosening or infection. Advanced imaging tools and customized device designs have mitigated many of these issues, enhancing treatment predictability and safety. Limitations, including the financial burden and technical demands of the procedure, highlight the need for ongoing innovation to increase accessibility. MARPE represents a significant advancement in orthodontics, combining functionality, esthetics, and patient-centered care. Its growing adoption and the increasing body of evidence supporting its effectiveness underscore its role as a transformative option in managing complex dentofacial discrepancies.
Public health strategies to combat measles outbreaks in low-vaccination areas
Authors: Alsharif Sultan M. , Noorelahi Amroo K. , Althagafi Thamer M. , Alsayel Lama T. , Alfaraj Lena H. , Alshamase Raqhda B. , Hejji Ammar A. , Alzhrani Samia A. , Arishi Rayed Y. , Alsuaileek Nainawa A. , Alfadl Danya W. , Abdulkarim Hanadi A.
Published: December 2024

Measles outbreaks are particularly common in regions where vaccination coverage falls below the required thresholds for herd immunity. These outbreaks often result in high morbidity and mortality rates, especially among children. This review examines public health strategies to combat measles outbreaks, focusing on areas with suboptimal vaccination coverage. Public health strategies to combat measles outbreaks in low-vaccination areas include mass vaccination campaigns, community engagement, enhanced surveillance, and strengthening healthcare systems. Vaccination campaigns are highly effective, but challenges like vaccine hesitancy and logistical barriers need to be addressed. Surveillance and healthcare system strengthening are essential for timely outbreak detection and effective management, despite limitations in resources​. The review also explores the barriers to vaccination, such as vaccine hesitancy, logistical issues, and socioeconomic factors, which contribute to low vaccination rates. Key strategies such as catch-up immunization programs, the use of social media to counter misinformation, and strengthening healthcare systems to support vaccination efforts are discussed. The review underscores the importance of comprehensive, multi-level interventions involving local communities, healthcare providers, and governments to prevent and control measles outbreaks. Recommendations for improving vaccination rates and outbreak preparedness in low-vaccination areas are also presented.
Traumatic knee dislocations: immediate interventions and long-term outcomes
Authors: F. Aborukbah Abdullah , Anbarserri Faris M. , Almutairi Maha K. , Elbashir Hisham A. , Aldawood Sulaiman M. , Almunaikh Mohammed J. , Alhejaili Mazen L. , Aljohani Mohammed A. , Bedaiwi Ahmad H. , Almutairi Ammar J.
Published: December 2024

Traumatic knee dislocations are severe orthopedic injuries that result from high-energy trauma and involve complete disruption of the tibiofemoral joint. These injuries are rare but represent a significant clinical challenge due to the risk of associated vascular, nerve, and soft tissue damage. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are critical for reducing the risk of permanent disability. The immediate management involves a comprehensive assessment, including history, physical examination, and imaging, followed by the restoration of joint alignment through reduction techniques. Proper management of associated vascular injuries, particularly popliteal artery damage, and nerve injuries, such as peroneal nerve damage, is crucial to prevent long-term complications. Following reduction, knee stabilization and immobilization are necessary to promote healing. Long-term outcomes can be challenging, with complications such as joint instability, post-traumatic arthritis, chronic pain, and the potential for recurrent dislocations. Rehabilitation, which includes range of motion exercises, strength training, and proprioceptive training, plays a vital role in restoring function. In some cases, surgical intervention, including ligament reconstruction or total knee arthroplasty, may be required. This review examines the immediate interventions for traumatic knee dislocations, the associated complications, and long-term outcomes, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for optimal recovery and functional restoration.
Impact of maxillofacial surgery on patient’s quality of life and psychological well-being
Authors: Abdulfattah Sindy Ebtihal , Alkhowaiter Fawaz Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Matar Abdulrahman , Alotaibi Turki Nasser , Alqahtani Salem Ali , Alameer Mohammed Ghazi , Al Shaikh Mohammed Abdullaziz , Allah Alanazi Faisal Dhaif , Jafar Samih Mohammed , Alotaibi May Mansour
Published: December 2024

Maxillofacial surgery has a transformative impact on patients, addressing both physical impairments and psychological challenges. Conditions such as trauma, congenital anomalies, and deformities often result in functional limitations and social stigma, significantly affecting quality of life. Through corrective procedures, patients experience improvements in essential functions, including mastication, speech, and respiration, which contribute to better overall health and autonomy. Advancements in surgical technology, such as computer-aided design, virtual surgical planning, and custom implants, have enabled precise and patient-specific interventions, further enhancing functional outcomes. The psychological benefits of maxillofacial surgery are equally profound, as the restoration of facial aesthetics fosters improved self-esteem, reduced social anxiety, and enhanced emotional resilience. Patients often regain confidence to engage in personal and professional interactions, overcoming societal prejudices linked to visible deformities. These outcomes underscore the interdependence of physical recovery and mental well-being in the context of surgical interventions. Social reintegration plays a pivotal role in the recovery process, with patients reporting renewed participation in social activities and strengthened relationships. Satisfaction with surgical outcomes is closely tied to both aesthetic and functional success, reflecting the importance of managing patient expectations through preoperative planning and counseling. Integration of psychological support within the surgical care pathway further amplifies these benefits, ensuring a holistic approach to patient well-being. By addressing physical, psychological, and social dimensions, maxillofacial surgery demonstrates its potential to transform lives. The integration of innovative technologies and interdisciplinary care continues to enhance patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that address both the external and internal challenges faced by individuals with maxillofacial conditions. These advancements highlight the vital role of maxillofacial surgery in improving quality of life and fostering long-term patient satisfaction.
Evaluating the correlation between early digital device interaction and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: K. Bajabir Doaa , Alkhurayb Nawaf T. , Banjar Jumanah A. , Malawi Ola A. , Alghamdi Saeed S. , Althowaini Alhanof S. , Al Maddah Sarah H. , Almujil Reem J. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz A. , Alsahli Abdulaziz A.
Published: December 2024

The increasing use of digital devices among young children has raised concerns about their potential impact on early childhood development, particularly in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication, behavior, and restricted interests, affects a growing number of children worldwide. This review explores the mechanisms through which early digital device interaction may influence the development of ASD. Research indicates that excessive screen time can interfere with brain development, particularly in areas related to attention, social processing, and emotional regulation. Overstimulation from fast-paced, visually stimulating content may impair the brain's ability to process social cues, which is a core challenge for children with ASD. Furthermore, digital devices may reduce opportunities for face-to-face interactions, which are critical for developing social communication skills. Although some studies suggest that digital devices, when used appropriately, can offer benefits, such as supporting language acquisition and social skills through educational apps, excessive use may exacerbate existing challenges in children with ASD. This review highlights the need for balanced digital engagement and further research to better understand how digital devices impact the developmental trajectory of children with ASD and to establish guidelines for safe and effective use.
Effectiveness of strength training in managing patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: Salem Alaffari Naif , Shihab Rabie Abdulhakim , Alshehri Mohammed Abdullah , Altalidi Safiyah Saeed , Kamal Ebtehal Atef , Alshahrani Aisha Abdullah , Alshehri Bodour Ali , Almassaud Hisham Ahmed , Asiri Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition, often affecting active individuals and linked to biomechanical imbalances, muscle weakness, and poor neuromuscular control. Among various treatment strategies, strength training has emerged as a cornerstone approach for managing pain and improving function. Strengthening exercises targeting the quadriceps, hip abductors, and external rotators directly address the muscle imbalances responsible for patellar maltracking and joint stress. Evidence demonstrates that progressive resistance training not only alleviates symptoms but also enhances neuromuscular coordination and functional stability, particularly during dynamic activities. Comparisons between strength training and alternative therapies such as manual therapy, taping, and electrical stimulation reveal the superior long-term benefits of active interventions. While passive approaches offer temporary relief, strength training achieves sustained improvements by targeting the underlying causes of PFPS. Moreover, integrating strength exercises into regular physical activity routines amplifies the therapeutic effects and promotes overall musculoskeletal health. The long-term sustainability of strength training outcomes is influenced by adherence, patient education, and the inclusion of progressive overload in exercise regimens. Studies indicate that patients who maintain consistent training routines experience fewer recurrences of symptoms and better quality of life. Combining strength training with aerobic activities further enhances overall physical and psychological well-being. The mechanisms by which strength training exerts its benefits include improved muscle strength, joint alignment, and reduced patellofemoral joint stress. These adaptations result in enhanced functional capacity and pain relief, supporting the role of strength training as a durable and effective intervention for PFPS. Through its multifaceted impact, strength training remains a vital component in the conservative management of PFPS, offering long-lasting relief and functional recovery for affected individuals.
A comparative analysis of tobacco and alcohol consumption patterns underlying hypertension prevalence across Indian women: evidence from National Family Health Survey-5
Authors: Yadav Shanvi , Siddiqui Aamir
Published: December 2024

The rise of hypertension among women poses a significant public health challenge in India, affecting 1 in 4 individuals. Multiple factors lead to this surge, including changing eating habits, emergence of substance consumption such as tobacco, alcohol, and both reflecting the evolving lifestyles. This study utilizing the national family health survey (NFHS)-5 data from DHS website with a total of 724,115 women from both rural and urban using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Binomial logistic regression, was used to examine the association between hypertension and individual, household, and behavioral factors. Overall, 4.6% of women are affected by hypertension. The study also revealed that 6.2%, 1.9%, and 7.7% of women respectively, reported using tobacco, alcohol, and both substances simultaneously. Further analysis showed that those who used tobacco (4.9%) and alcohol (6.0%) had a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to non-users (4.6%). The highest occurrence of hypertension was observed among those who used both substances (5.1%). This aligns with the results of adjusted logistic regression, which confirmed that tobacco use (OR=1.073), alcohol use (OR=1.325), and dual-use (OR=1.129) were all significantly linked to a higher likelihood of developing hypertension. This study highlights the need for appropriate health services for screening and treatment and immediate action to reduce the uptake of these substances.
Clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of patients with endobronchial lesions on fiberoptic bronchoscopy at a tertiary care hospital in central Karnataka region
Authors: Hatti Shubham S , Sangolli Basavaraj Sureshbabu , H N Jagadeesh , HM Virupaksha , SA Meghana
Published: December 2024

Endobronchial lesions, originating from the bronchial wall, range from benign to malignant and include types such as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. They usually have similar clinical and radiological presentation making it difficult to distinguish them from one another. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is one of the important tools for diagnosing and sampling of endobronchial lesions. Thus, in this study, we aim to identify Histopathological characteristics of lesions, besides noting their clinical and radiological profile.

To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and histopathological profile of endobronchial characteristics identified through fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

This was a retrospective study of Clinical, radiological and Histopathological characteristics of 29 patients, who had endobronchial lesions on fiberoptic bronchoscopy during the period of March 2020 - July 2023 at Respiratory medicine department, BMC&H, Chitradurga

The majority (62.5%) of patients were between ages of 46 and 60, most (65.51) of them being males. Majority of the patients were smokers (55.17%). On bronchoscopy, Globular type of lesion (46.4%) was most common endobronchial lesion detected. A mass lesion (62.06%) was the most common radiological finding. Histo-pathologically, majority of lesions were malignant (96.55%) with Squamous cell carcinoma (37.5%) being the most common lesion.

Most lesions were malignant, majority of which, presented radiologically as mass, encountered most often in males, as risk factors like smoking are common in males. Most common endobronchial lesion was an exophytic lesion and commonly involving the right main bronchus. As squamous cell carcinoma is central in location and frequently associated with smoking, it was the most common (42.85%) histopathological variant.
Henry Ramsden Bramley: His Life and Edition of Richard Rolle’s English Psalter
Authors: Kuczynski Michael P.
Published: December 2024

H. R. Bramley’s 1884 edition of the English Psalter written by the Yorkshire hermit Richard Rolle (d. 1349), remains the standard edition of Rolle’s influential Middle English translation and commentary. In this essay, I discuss Bramley’s interest in Rolle and the making of his edition in light of Bramley’s biography as an Anglican priest, Oxford University administrator, and scholar. Bramley admired Rolle as a fellow Yorkshireman and as a pastoral-minded contemplative, whose spirituality and teachings were based on the Psalms. Bramley’s own theological writings are akin in certain respects to Rolle’s and his edition of the English Psalter is innovative, despite limitations. Correspondence and other material preserved in the Oxford University Press Archive (https://global.oup.com/uk/archives/index.html) reveal that Bramley changed his base text within a year of publication, producing as a result a more textually adventurous and useful edition.
12th- and 13th-Century Old French Prose Psalm Translations: An Attempt at a Representation of Textual Affinities
Authors: Lis Kinga
Published: December 2024

The paper centres around twelfth and thirteenth-century prose translations of the Psalms into Old French, including those identifiable as Anglo-Norman. Biblical translations into Old French in general and Psalm translations in particular have already been widely investigated. The extant Psalm translations into Old French are usually presented chronologically or grouped either according to their ­mise-en-page; their status as either a part of a complete Bible or separate texts; or the translation tradition to which they belong. In this last approach, it is usually however only the Oxford tradition that is clearly set apart, with the remaining texts not ascribed to definable groups. Thus, despite the rich history of studies concerning these texts, the affinities between them have not been discussed.
In this study I will try to explore the textual relationships between these Psalm translations by means of cluster analysis, thus using mathematical values to express the extent of similarity and relationships obtaining between the renditions. The findings will be presented on dendrograms which allow visualisation of these relationships. Since the analysis needs to be conducted on normalised texts, factors such as spelling, conjugational or declensional variation will not interfere in the final picture, and thus proximity between the texts will not be clouded by their insular or continental provenance.
Límites interpretativos de los sustantivos envoltorio en el lenguaje político español y polaco – estudio comparativo
Authors: Klekot Nina
Published: December 2024

Nuestra hipótesis propone que en el lenguaje político se utilizan los sustantivos envoltorio con el fin de limitar la interpretación del contenido por parte del receptor. Hemos investigado el corpus de las intervenciones del jefe del gobierno de España y el jefe de estado de Polonia, basándonos en el concepto de sustantivos envoltorio y su función pragmático-cognitiva. Dichos elementos, de significado difuso, desempeñan una función encapsuladora, lo que les permite referir el contenido textual de diferente alcance. Una perspectiva cuantitativa compara su frecuencia y su modificación en el lenguaje político según el idioma hablado y la forma de interacción (diálogos y monólogos). En lo que respecta al interés cualitativo, el análisis demuestra la eficacia persuasiva del mecanismo que estriba en el potencial objetivador y generalizador que aportan los sustantivos envoltorio y hace al interlocutor seguir un camino interpretativo impuesto, también mediante las valoraciones añadidas por el emisor.
Kötü-Tanrı İtirazı
Authors: Yılmaz Aykut Alper
Published: December 2024

Muhtemelen her teist, Tanrı’nın iyi bir varlık olduğu konusunda hemfikirdir. Ancak kimilerine göre, Tanrı’nın iyi olduğu iddiası delilsiz bir varsayımdan ibarettir. Ne Tanrı’nın varlığına ilişkin argümanlar ne de başka gerekçeler, Tanrı varsa bile O’nun iyi olduğu sonucuna rasyonel bir yolla ulaşmak için yeterli değildir. Hatta bazı ateistlere göre, kötü bir tanrıya inanmak da iyi bir tanrıya inanmak kadar makuldür. Stephen Law, bu noktadan hareketle teizme karşı bir argüman geliştirir. İyi veya kötü tanrıya inanmak aynı oranda makulse, bunlardan birinin saçma olması durumunda diğeri de saçma olmalıdır. Çünkü her iki tanrı anlayışı da aynı ya da benzer argümanlarla desteklenebilir. Örneğin, kozmolojik argüman veya tasarım kanıtı, iyi bir tanrının varlığını kanıtlamak için kullanılabileceği gibi, kötü bir tanrının varlığına delil olarak da kullanılabilir. Benzer şekilde, eğer dünyadaki iyiliklerden hareketle Tanrı’nın kötü olamayacağı iddia edilirse, dünyadaki kötülüklerden yola çıkarak O’nun iyi olamayacağı da iddia edilebilir. Kötülük probleminin hâlâ tartışmalı olduğu göz önünde bulundurulursa, evrenden hareketle Tanrı’nın iyi olduğu henüz ikna edici bir biçimde gösterilememiştir. Kısacası, iyi tanrı için geçerli olan argümanlar benzer şekilde kötü tanrı için de kurgulanabilir. Law, benzer argümanlarla desteklenen iki tezin aynı ölçüde rasyonel olması gerektiği iddiasını “simetri tezi” olarak adlandırır. O, kötü tanrı fikrini kimsenin makul bulmayacağını, bir diğer ifadeyle bu fikrin saçma olduğunu öne sürer. Dolayısıyla, onun simetriği olan ve benzer argümanlardan beslenen iyi tanrı fikri de makul görülemez. Bu argüman, Law’un isimlendirmesiyle, kötü tanrı itirazı (the evil-god challenge) olarak bilinir. Law’dan sonra da birçok düşünür tarafından geliştirilerek teizme karşı kullanılan bu itiraz, özellikle son on beş yılda din felsefesinin önemli meselelerinden biri hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kötü tanrı itirazına karşı geliştirilen çeşitli çözümleri değerlendireceğim ve onun teizm açısından kayda değer bir sorun teşkil etmediğini öne süreceğim. Kötü tanrı itirazına yönelik burada ele alınacak çözüm önerilerini ana hatlarıyla sıralarsam; öncelikle iyi ve kötü tanrı inançlarının simetrik olduğu iddiasını tartışmaya açarak, dünyadaki düzenin kötü bir tanrıya işaret etmediğini öne süreceğim. Ardından, bir simetriden bahsedilecek olsa bile kötü-tanrı fikrinin saçma olmadığını, dolayısıyla simetriği olan iyi-tanrı anlayışının da bir çırpıda reddedilemeyeceğini iddia edeceğim. Son olarak, iyi-tanrı fikrinin temel inanç (basic belief) olabileceğini, ancak kötü-tanrı inancı için aynı durumun geçerli olmadığını savunacağım.
The impact of Christian educational and socio-ethical interventions in preventing youth kidnapping in Lagos
Authors: Ayotunde Olulowo Segun , Solomon Taiwo Babawale , Israel Adedeji Olusola
Published: December 2024

The mentality of kidnapping for ransom among youths is a contemporary social challenge in Lagos State, South Western Nigeria. If this issue is not addressed, it will negatively impact people psychologically, emotionally, economically, politically, socially, and morally. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Christian education on youths' behavioural training and investigate how ethical training provided by churches can contribute to the reduction of kidnapping incidents among youths. The study employed a descriptive quantitative method, gathering data from 120 respondents, including Christian students, mature adults from the University of Lagos, and church members from various denominations across Lagos State. Twelve churches were purposively selected to represent different denominations. The questionnaire comprised 15 items under two sections: demographics and Christian ethics in behavioural training and kidnapping prevention. Responses were measured using a 4-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). A total of 116 completed questionnaires were analysed, representing a return rate of 96.7%. Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The results show that Christian education training, the adoption of societal ethical values, and the promotion of character transformation leading to responsible decision-making are significantly correlated with the decrease in youth kidnappings in Lagos State. The study advocates for early, proactive, and consistent teaching of Christian values and rules, encouraging the use of ethical tools such as reward and punishment to motivate selfless and good decision-making by youths.
The state of gonadotropic and prolactin-synthesizing function of the pituitary gland in adolescent girls with oligomenorrhea depending on the disease duration
Authors: Dynnik V.O. , Novokhatska S.V. , Verhoshanova O.H. , Dynnik O.O. , Druzhynina А.Y. , Havenko H.O.
Published: December 2024

Objective of the study: to find out the characteristics of the content of gonadotropins (luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones)and prolactin (PRL) at different duration of oligomenorrhea (OM) in adolescent girls.Materials and methods. A general clinical examination, laboratory study of gonadotropins, PRL, carbohydrate metabolism was conducted in 194 adolescent girls aged 12–18 years with OM. The control group included 30 adolescent girls without OM.Results. The average content of gonadotropins had significant differences with the control group and in comparing the groups with each other. The mean LH values were significantly higher compared to the control group. The duration of OM had a negative effect on the LH level. LH value was increased by almost 3 times during the OM prolongation. PRL value significantly increased in girls with the existence of OM for more than 2 years. Almost 23% of patients had deviations in the content of PRL, both in the direction of increase and decrease. FSH, on the contrary, mostly fluctuated within physiological values. An increase LH/FSH ratio was registered in every fourth girl with OM at the beginning of the disease. Number of girls with high values of this ratio increased by 1.5–1.6 times.OM is characterized by dysgonadotropinemia. It was found in more than half of the patients (53.5%). Normogonadotropinemia was registered in a less than a third of patients (26.3%). Every fifth to sixth girl had hypergonadotropinemia (both gonadotropin hormones are elevated). Hypogonadrtropinemia (both gonadotropin hormones are decreased) was noted in isolated cases. The most frequent variants of dysgonadotropinemia were a combination of high LH and normative FSH, or normative LH and reduced FSH. That is, a relative deficiency of FSH is formed. Conclusions. The most important cause of OM is a violation of hormonal relationships. An increase in the levels of LH and PRL with the extension of the OM duration increases the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. Regardless of FSH fluctuations, mainly within reference values, a relative FSH insufficiency is formed. Even reduced PRL leads to the metabolic disorders.
Assessment of the risks of recurrent pregnancy loss in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Kharun I.L.
Published: December 2024

Background. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a pressing issue in women’s reproductive health, often accompanied by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The traumatic experiences arising from repeated reproductive losses not only exhaust a woman’s mental health but also impact endocrine and immunological regulation, which can complicate pregnancy or make it impossible to sustain.Objective of the study: to identify risk factors for RPL in women with PTSD, specifically in endocrine, immunological, and psycho-emotional dysfunctions that may trigger RPL.Materials and methods. The study spanned three years (2021–2024) and involved 150 women with RPL, PTSD, or a combination of both. The study was conducted using the parallel group method: the main group (STD and PTSD) with two subgroups consisted of 100 women, the comparison group (STD without PTSD) included 30 women, and the control group (PTSD with a previous successful pregnancy) included 20 women. A thorough clinical examination, laboratory diagnosis of endocrine and immunological parameters was investigated, the psycho-emotional state was determined according to the PCL-C scale and Beck’s questionnaire. For statistical analysis was used the Student’s t-test, calculation of relative measures, mean values, and standard error of the mean.Results. It was demonstrated elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and antiphospholipid antibodies in women with combined PTSD and RPL, as well as significantly higher depression and PTSD scores. An increase in NK cells (CD3-CD16/CD56+) indicated the presence of immunological imbalance.Conclusions. Taking into account the obtained data, the algorithm for RPL prevention in women with PTSD should include the interdisciplinary approach, which contains not only gynecological screening, but also a comprehensive examination of the genetic, endocrine, immunological and mental state of patients with such diagnosis, as well as the provision of specialized psychological assistance.
Incidence of vaginal birth after cesarean section in Al-Zahraa Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital
Authors: Hussein S.R.M. , Sallih Z.H. , Sadiq A.M. , Nasrawi A.J.M.
Published: December 2024

Background. As we approach the centennial of the maxim «Once a cesarean, always a cesarean,» the debate over the safety and viability of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) continues. With cesarean section (CS) rates climbing globally, there is a revitalized interest in VBAC as a means to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidities associated with repeated cesarean operations. Objective of the study: to evaluate the incidence of VBAC at Al-Zahraa Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital (Iraq) and identify risk factors those influence the success or failure in trials of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC).Materials and methods. This observational study conducted at Al-Zahraa Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital from October 2023 to April 2024 involved women who had undergone one previous CS. During this time, comprehensive demographic and medical data were collected from participants to assess the outcomes of TOLAC in this population. Obtained data were analyzed using various statistical tools to identify trends and outcomes associated with TOLAC attempts.Results. Among 418 study participants, 268 (64.1%) attempted TOLAC, with a VBAC success rate of 39.20% (from the total study sample representing 61.2% of TOLAC cases). Statistical analysis revealed that older women, those with a longer interval since their last CS, and those with a history of previous vaginal delivery or previous VBAC demonstrated higher success rates. Common impediments to successful VBAC included labor progression issues and fetal distress.Conclusions. VBAC is viable and reduces risks linked to repeated CS, with a 39.20% success rate among those attempting TOLAC. Success factors include longer intervals since the last CS and no major comorbidities. Common barriers to successful VBAC include labor progression issues and fetal distress.
Toxicity of Phytochemical Monoterpenes against the Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1
Authors: Swapna Majjari , Jeyarani S. , Suganthi A. , Preetha G. , Uma D. , Sharmila Jeya Sundara D.
Published: December 2024

Postharvest insect pests pose a significant threat during product storage, diminishing both the quantity and quality of stored goods. Recently, plant-based pesticides have emerged as a promising alternative for managing storage pests. Plant essential oils are rich in biologically active monoterpenes, which have shown considerable potential as pest control agents due to their toxicity to insects. The purpose of the study was to assess the toxicity of six monoterpene compounds (citral, β-citronellol, eucalyptol, geraniol, β-myrcene, and thymol) against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Among the tested monoterpenes, thymol and geraniol exhibited the highest contact toxicity, with 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of 63.16 and 70.77 μl/cm2 against S. oryzae, respectively, at 72 h after treatment, followed by β-citronellol and citral. The fumigant activity of the compounds tested at concentrations ranging between 20.0 and 100.0 μl/ml of air was highest with β-citronellol (LC50 of 22.12 μl/ml of air), followed by citral (LC50 of 32.23 μl/ml of air) at 72 h after exposure. β-Myrcene and geraniol also exhibited fumigant toxicity but at levels lower than β-citronellol or citral. Among the six monoterpenes, geraniol showed highest repellent activity of 90.00% ±1.44%, followed by β-citronellol (75.00% ± 2.88%) and citral (71.75% ± 1.25%) at 4 h of exposure at 7.5 μl/cm2. In sum, the six tested monoterpenes exhibited moderate to high toxicity against S. oryzae, suggesting that they have the potential to be developed and used as effective alternatives for managing S. oryzae in stored products.
Presumed Tubercular Multifocal Choroiditis
Authors: Soheilian Masoud , Azadi Pejvak
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To report a case of tubercular choroiditis that was initially treated for multifocal choroiditis. Case Report: A 54-year-old female patient diagnosed with multifocal choroiditis was referred to the clinic while undergoing treatment with systemic prednisone and methotrexate. The presenting visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and finger counting at 1 meter in the left eye. Further investigation by repeated tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold test revealed tuberculosis as the probable cause of choroiditis. The patient was started on a four-drug antituberculosis regimen. Six months later, the vision improved significantly to 20/30 in the right eye and finger counting at 6 meters in the left eye, with no remaining cellular reaction. Conclusion: Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multifocal choroiditis, and it is vital to perform careful history taking and thorough examinations.