bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology of corruption: theoretical and applied criteria
Authors: Maletov D.V. , Bondarenko O.S.
Published: August 2022

Corruption as a social phenomenon is the subject of scientific analysis of many sciences. We are convinced that the analysis of not only its nature but also its species is important for the characterization of any phenomenon. The typology of corruption plays an important role in this task. Given the complex and ambiguous nature of corruption, as well as the lack of a unified scientific approach to the interpretation of its essence, in scientific circles there is no single vision of distinguishing types of this phenomenon.

The meaning of classification is always essential and dualistic: conceptual and applied. So, conceptuality is that for more optimal development of the essence of concepts, phenomena, processes, categories they are divided. Therefore, the study of the views of individual jurists is always associated with the analysis of typologies (classifications), as they provide an opportunity to clarify the views of the scientist on the nature of corruption, its criminal law and criminology. Applied element: the classification of corruption makes it easier to identify and develop strategies to combat this phenomenon, identifies trends in updating and supplementing laws, outlines the activities of public authorities in general and law enforcement agencies.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the criteria for classifying corruption and characterize their essence.

We propose to analyze several approaches to the typology of corruption. The first typology is based on the level of corruption. According to this criterion, corruption is inert, gradual, and active.

The second typological criterion is the scope of implementation. According to him, there is corruption in the legislature, executive, judiciary, and corruption in the activities of legal entities under private law and persons providing public services. The third typology of corruption is based on the criteria of periodicity of corruption. According to this criterion, corruption can be accidental, systemic and kleptocratic.

According to the fourth typological criterion, it is proposed to divide corruption into gradual and sudden.

The fifth typological criterion is based on the degree of organization and prevalence of corrupt relations. According to this criterion, there is corruption at the grassroots, regional, political, and international levels.
Comparative analysis of the legislation of foreign countries on criminal liability for enforced disappearance.
Authors: Andrushko A.V.
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the foreign experience of criminal law counteraction to enforced disappearances on the basis of research of the legislation of 50 countries.

A study of the criminal law of approximately 100 countries has shown that criminal law prohibitions on enforced disappearances are currently contained in the legislation of Albania, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, the Czech Republic, El Salvador, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Guatemala, Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mali, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Northern Macedonia, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Venezuela.

It is found that the place of enforced disappearance in the system of the Special Part of foreign criminal laws is defined differently. The article establishes that the vast majority of legislators recognized this act as a crime against international law order.

It is noteworthy that many legislators did not single out a separate article on liability for enforced disappearance, but recognized this act as a type of crime against humanity, mentioning it in the relevant “general” article.

The article establishes that while formulating the disposition of the relevant criminal law prohibition, most legislators of foreign countries proceeded from the definition of enforced disappearance, given in Art. 2 of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, and from the definition of this act, given in paragraph “i” of Part 2 of Art. 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Attention is drawn to the fact that these international legal acts set different standards for criminalizing enforced disappearances.

There is a significant variety of existing approaches not only to criminalization, but also to penalizing enforced disappearances. The article emphasizes that the studied foreign experience may be needed in improving the domestic criminal law prohibition on liability for such encroachment. In particular, the overwhelming majority of legislators attribute enforced disappearances to crimes against international law order rather than to encroachments on personal liberty.
Reasonable terms of criminal proceedings in the context of judgments of the European court of human rights v. Ukraine
Authors: Senchenko N. , Stechenko K.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of "reasonable terms" as the basis of criminal proceedings and the current state of its provision in our country. A study of the national legislative consolidation of this principle and its boundaries in Ukraine was conducted. The issue of compliance with the "reasonable terms" of criminal proceedings analysis through the prism of European standards in the context of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights against Ukraine.

It is established that the validity of the duration of the proceedings is assessed by the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter – ECtHR) individually, taking into account the specific circumstances of the case and the criteria developed in practice. Most often in decisions against Ukraine to establish the presence or absence of violation of the principle of "reasonable terms" ECtHR takes into account the following priority criteria: the complexity of criminal proceedings; the conduct of the participants in the criminal proceedings (the applicant and the competent authorities) and the manner in which the investigator, prosecutor and court exercise their powers. The analyzed practice of the ECtHR v. Ukraine alleges the guilt of law enforcement agencies and the court in the excessive length of criminal proceedings and the lack of "special diligence" in their activities (for example, ECtHR judgments in “Nechai v. Ukraine”, “Melnikov v. Ukraine”, “Radzevil v. Ukraine”). Emphasis is placed on the statistical indicators of the ECtHR's activity in Ukraine, on the basis of which the current state of compliance by law enforcement agencies and courts with the principle of "reasonable terms" in Ukraine is analyzed.

According to the results of the study, the authors identified prospects for further improvement of this principle in practice. It is concluded that it is necessary to take legal measures to eliminate the causes and consequences caused by the violation of the principle of "reasonable terms" of criminal proceedings as an international standard of human rights.
On the way to the struggle of the Ukrainian people against Russian aggression
Authors: Hlobenko I.O.
Published: August 2022

The article states that the war is the highest degree of aggravation of relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation in the struggle of the Ukrainian people against the Russian occupier, which will take place until the Ukrainian people win over Putin's totalitarian regime, using all possible military, economic, humanitarian , medical, legal and other means to the full restoration of justice and payment of contributions to the state of Ukraine and the Ukrainian people.

 The confrontation of the Armed Forces and other power structures of Ukraine against the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation took place in the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions after the occupation of Crimea until 2022. In general, Russia annexed the Ukrainian peninsula of Crimea and carried out a separatist regime in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, supplying troops and weapons to their territory.

Accordingly, political instability in Ukraine, the choice of the European vector of development, its desire to join the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), unwillingness to have any relations with the aggressor country led to the war between Ukraine and Russia.

For Ukraine's victory in this nation, it is necessary to: - continue military resistance against Russia; - the Ukrainian army to counterattack and expel the occupiers from our land; - state support for the citizens of Ukraine and the creation of favorable conditions for prolonging their lives in armed conflict and reducing the emigration of the younger generation - support for Western allies and imposing tough sanctions to destroy the Putin regime and Russia's economy; - use all possible methods to prevent nuclear war; - after the victory, citizens of Ukraine and victims of hostilities have the right to a contribution from Russia.
Peculiarities of arrangement of children in orphans and foster families during martime
Authors: Beluga Yu. М. , Grabovska G.M.
Published: August 2022

The article examines the functioning of family-type orphanages and foster families as important forms of placement of orphans and children deprived of parental care in martial law. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the reception of orphans and children deprived of parental care in family-type orphanages and foster families during military events in Ukraine. Particular attention was paid to the legislation of Ukraine on social protection of orphans, children deprived of parental care, as well as orphans and children deprived of parental care, namely: the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On ensuring organizational and legal conditions of social protection of orphans, children deprived of parental care ", the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine" On amendments to some resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the protection of children's rights during a state of emergency or martial law of March 22, 2022 № 349 and other legislative acts regulating legal relations related to the provision of material, social and legal assistance to orphans, children deprived of parental care, as well as persons from among orphans and children deprived of parental care. foster family and a family-type orphanage are some of the most effective forms of placement for orphans and children deprived of parental care. After all, children whose parents have died or are unable to perform their duties due to various circumstances also need family warmth and upbringing. And we have a particularly sad result of the terrible war: thousands of children were orphaned, lost guardians or guardians, faced the horrors of war, lost during bombings, evacuations from combat zones, disappeared, forcibly deported to the aggressor country and know nothing about their parents.
Guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons in Ukraine under martial law: general characteristics
Authors: Kulinich O.O.
Published: August 2022

The article substantiates the Ukrainian system of guarantees of the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons to determine ways to increase their effectiveness in martial law. Research on the legal status of IDPs in Ukraine has been conducted since 2014, but a new wave of forced displacement has provoked numerous changes and transformations in this special status. In addition, Russia's full-scale invasion has caused countless new challenges. Therefore, further research and justification of the legal status of IDPs are essential.

General guarantees include political, economic, social, ideological and cultural guarantees. We propose to include normative-legal and organizational-legal to special (legal) guarantees. The effectiveness of the guarantee depends on the interconnectedness of all types of guarantees and their coordinated functioning. Development of normative-legal and institutional guarantees, clearly conditioned by the existence of a number of general legal guarantees (political, economic, social, cultural and ideological).

The condition for restoring the violated rights and freedoms of Ukrainians, obtaining fair satisfaction is the investigation of numerous crimes and violations of international law, as well as the prosecution of criminals.

Under martial law, laws are passed quickly and on an extraordinary scale, which is justified. But such rates are not commensurate with society's usual expectations of legal regulation. Therefore, it is essential to be widely informed at the national and municipal levels about changes in legislation, especially in the interests of internally displaced persons. One of the conditions for evacuating civilians from the war zone and blocked territories is confidence in support and protection from the state and society. It is vital to minimise bureaucratic procedures and simplify administrative and social services access.
Determination of information about a physical person in composition the objects of civil laws by an international and national legislation
Authors: Yermolenko-Kniazieva Liliia , Moshnyaga L.
Published: August 2022

In the article investigational and legal foundation of informative safety that is built on principles of fundamental distribution of all volume legally meaningful information on two kinds is studied: popular information and information with a limit access. The legal mode of information is called to guard information, free turnover of that can violate rights and interests of the state, society and individual, provide informative independence of private legal subjects in relationships with the state and inter se, co-ordinate a public requirement in freedom of information and right each on maintenance of secret.

Turnover of information in society grounds for a conclusion about appearance of new type of public relations - informative, that is the object of the legal adjusting. In the conditions of scientific novelty of information as article of research, in default of high-cube of legislative and judicial practice legal science objectively can not have in the order deep cognitions in this industry.

Most interest of theorists and practical workers is in recent year caused by the questions, related to the civil legal adjusting of informative relations, realization and protection of informative rights, researches of features of information as an object of civil legal relationships, subject composition and maintenance of informative legal relationships, principles of functioning of informative legal relationships.

Importance of problems of realization of informative rights, in particular, inhibition, implementation and use of norms of informative legislation and especially - civil legal aspects of realization of informative rights, a specific of realization of informative rights in the field of the personal unproperty legal relationships is founding for realization of research within the framework of this article.
Economic violence as a way of committing domestic violence: differentiation of administrative offense from crime
Authors: Kravchenko I.
Published: August 2022

The article is considered economic violence as a type of domestic violence, for which administrative and criminal liability is provided. The criterion of delimitation of economic violence as a way of committing domestic violence of Art. 173-2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses and Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is defined. It is stated that administrative and criminal liability arises in the case of domestic violence in three ways: physical, psychological or economic. This are caused difficulties in practice in delimiting Art. 173-2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses and Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, as the objective side of their composition is defined inexhaustibly.

Expediency of exclusion from Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the notion of “systemicity” is justified, as the current wording contradicts the purpose of criminalizing acts of domestic violence and creates obstacles to the application of this special criminal law. Emphasis is placed on the need for legislative interpretation of the concept of Art. 173-2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses "harm of physical or mental health" and of Art. 126 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "violence that leads to physical or psychological suffering."

It was found that in the legal definitions of economic violence and acts of economic nature, the construction "and other economic offenses" and the conjunction "etc." indicates that acts of economic nature as a way of committing domestic violence can not be provided by law exhaustively, because the economy is in constant development and, accordingly, violence in the context of the offense we are investigating may take new forms.

It is determined that its main feature of economic domestic violence is the manipulation of the subject of the crime or offense by material goods, which leads to negative psychological and/or physical consequences for the victim.

According to the results of the research, the criterion of differentiation of domestic violence provided by Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine from the act specified in Art. 173-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which should be the consequences caused by the illegal act. That is, it is necessary to determine the level of public danger of damage that occurred after the commission of an act of an economic nature, which covers the legislative category of "domestic violence".

Suggestions for further improvement of legislation in the field of administrative and criminal law on the provisions that establish legal liability for domestic violence in Ukraine.
Organizational and legal bases of professional development of employees of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine
Authors: Vydiuk M.V. , Mykhailovska Ye.V.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the research of organizational and legal bases of professional development and activity of employees of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and definition of ways and directions of improvement of their activity. The peculiarities of professional training of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the importance of professional development in the SBGS, as this is a special purpose law enforcement body, is part of the security and protection sector of Ukraine.

The article reveals the essence and structure of professional competence of the SBGS servicemen, highlights the prospects and current directions of law enforcement reform. It is established that such an organized structure as the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine is a rather complex, multilevel and integrated system, whose employees must constantly undergo training and acquire specific knowledge, skills and abilities to ensure readiness to perform their functions and responsibilities within the activities of this law enforcement agency.

It also highlights the main tasks of forming a new system of military education in Ukraine and the main requirements to be considered in the further development of military education, with emphasis on such important issues as: improving the information and educational space using the latest digital tools and modernization decentralization of the management system and improvement of legislation.

It is determined that in order to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, employees of this special purpose law enforcement agency must constantly work on the formation of professional competencies and skills to properly perform the tasks assigned to the SBGS, namely tasks to ensure border and protection of Ukraine's sovereign rights in its adjacent zone and exclusive (maritime) economic zone, because in today's circumstances, each employee of this body must be able to act in experimental conditions of actual hostilities, possess different weapons and military equipment.
On the question of the methodology of research of administrative services in the field of construction
Authors: Turovets Yu.M.
Published: August 2022

The article identifies some aspects of the methodology of research of administrative services in the field of construction. The author points out the importance of applying in the practice of scientific knowledge the correct and complete arsenal of research methods and tools, which directly affects its comprehensiveness and quality, correctness of results.

The author points out the position that having its own tasks, content and internal organization, the theory of administrative services in the field of construction is aimed at expanding, deepening, refining, systematizing, and improving the reliability of scientific data.

The author defines the method of research of administrative services in the field of construction as rules or prescriptions of purposeful theoretical or practical activity within administrative services in the field of construction, as well as knowledge of rational methods, techniques, operations, procedures for their implementation.

The author defends the position, the methodology must be determined through the doctrine of the method and study of the system of such methods, and we believe that the most important interpretation of the methodology of research of administrative services in construction is that it is a system of methods, approaches, methods of administrative science. rights during the implementation of research on administrative services in the field of construction.

Within the study, the author points out the existence of methods-operations (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, etc.), which are mainly technology of working with scientific material, which should be distinguished from complex methods such as dialectics, synergetic, which are inherent in all sciences and effective within each with it. At the same time, private methods are used in jurisprudence: historical, concrete-sociological, psychological, mathematical, statistical methods and other methods. The author also proves the important role of the comparative law method.
Universality of human rights as their main property
Authors: Chervanova D.A.
Published: August 2022

The author considers the issue of protection of universal women's rights. The first thing that draws attention is the concept of human rights and their importance in the world, the essence of universal human rights. The article is devoted to defining the place and role of women's rights in the catalog of human rights. In particular, on the basis of the international legal analysis the acts which have laid the foundation of legal protection of women are allocated; based on international legal acts, periodic systematization of the most important milestones in the formation of women's rights is carried out - formations in the development of gender rights are determined; the analysis of the legal status of women in society is carried out from the standpoint of both legal protection and the real state of affairs, so the problematic issues which face further improvement of the protection of women's rights are highlighted.

International case law on the protection of women's rights is considered. Relevant decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are given. The system of international universal human rights standards is studied, their characteristics are given. The system of legal registration of women's rights institutions in the context of international standards is described, the problematic issues of their implementation, provision and protection through basic mechanisms of human rights protection at different levels are studied, the practice of human rights mechanisms is analyzed.

It is concluded that the main problems in the realization of women's rights, which are pervasive, are the use of domestic violence and discrimination in employment. It is these issues, both at the level of the international community and in national legal systems, including Ukraine, that should be the focus of attention.
Legal regulation of hybrids of criminal procedural actions in martial law
Authors: Loskutov T.O.
Published: August 2022

The article examines the legal regulation of hybrids of criminal proceedings in martial law. In the course of the problem, it is noted that one of the ways to optimize the legal regulation of criminal proceedings is to «merge» them by combining the relevant procedural tools. At the same time, it is noted that the legislative «combination» of criminal procedural actions during martial law may have a negative impact on ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person prosecuted. During the presentation of the main material it is noted that the greater the range of procedural means covered by investigative (investigative) action, the more evidence can be obtained in a situation where there is no safe access to the crime scene, there is a shortage of physical, technical and time resources, threat of active hostilities, etc. Attention is drawn to the fact that the value of hybrids of criminal procedural actions during hostilities lies in the fact that they are able to obtain the necessary evidence in any non-prohibited way in criminal proceedings. The «free combination» of criminal procedural means is considered more effective for the purposes of proving in a state of martial law than the implementation of certain formalized investigative (search) actions. It is emphasized that legislation may allow the use of «free» hybrids of procedural action, provided that such hybridization does not pose a risk of unlawful restriction (violation) of human rights and freedoms in criminal proceedings. In the event of a risk of unlawful restriction (violation) of human rights and freedoms, any hybridization of criminal proceedings should be prohibited by law. An exception is the situation in which a person in respect of whom a hybrid of criminal procedural actions is carried out is provided with effective procedural guarantees of rights and freedoms. It is emphasized that without the provision of effective procedural guarantees, it is not possible to talk about the use of hybridization of procedural actions against a person who is actually suspected or may be prosecuted in the future.
Features of the formation and implementation of the powers of the High Council of Magistracy: the experience of France
Authors: Ivanov A.B.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation, structure and procedure for exercising the powers of the High Council of Magistracy in France. It is determined that the French Revolution and the new institutional organization that emerged as a result gave the judiciary a somewhat less important role in the legal life of the state. Historically, guarantees of judicial independence in France have always been limited by the executive.

It is established that in France in 1883 the High Council of Magistracy appeared, which was later determined by an autonomous governing body in accordance with the provisions of the 1946 Constitution. Since then, the Council has undergone several reforms, including changes to the 1958 Constitution, and in 1993, in addition to changing the number of members, the powers of the constitutional body were modernized. It is determined that the French High Council of Magistracy is bicameral, consisting of two panels, one of which exercises powers over judges and the other over prosecutors.

Certainly, in the field of recruitment and training of judges, France has developed a model that is followed by most European countries. In most of the countries that we position in the modern legal dimension as continental Europe, the approach is used in the form of public competition and test tasks. This process is seen as a way to ensure the selection of the most qualified candidates, and also helps to ensure the independence of future magistrates.

It was found that the members of the High Council of Magistracy in France carry out their mission in compliance with the requirements of independence, impartiality, honesty and dignity and ensure the prevention or immediate cessation of conflicts of interest. Conflict of interest is any situation of conflict between public interests, or public and private interests, which may affect the independent, impartial and objective performance of functions.

It is established that the French High Council of Magistracy is directly related to the executive branch, as the head of the state is also the head of the Council and authorized to participate in personnel matters concerning this body.
Information and analytical resources on the development of modern parliamentarism
Authors: Palieieva Y.S. , Bocharova N.V. , Todoroshko T.A.
Published: August 2022

The interaction of national parliaments in the international arena requires information support, which is provided not only by international parliamentary organizations and associations, but also by creating special web platforms that contain a variety of information about the activities, problems and prospects of parliaments and determine the general trends in the development of the institution of parliamentarism. The article describes the AGORA web portal, which positions itself as a "leading global platform for knowledge about parliamentary development." Its aim is to centralize and share knowledge on the development of parliamentarism, as well as to develop and demonstrate high-quality resources to support parliaments and provide relevant information to politicians and academic circles. In November 2020, a new modernized version of AGORA was launched, which includes three areas: 1) accumulation and exchange of knowledge in the field of parliamentarism, 2) coordination of exchange of experience and development of recommendations on best practices in parliamentary activities, 3) development and implementation of e-learning courses for parliamentarians and parliamentary staff on various issues (climate, gender, budgets, interaction with civil society). The most interesting and innovative materials of AGORA are analyzed, special emphasis is placed on the problems of development of modern Ukrainian parliamentarism and specific activities of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The facts presented in the article show that the international web portal AGORA is an authoritative factor in shaping the views of the international community on the processes and events of modern parliamentary development. The use of his publications will contribute to a clearer understanding and adequate assessment of the state of affairs in the field of representative democracy and the exercise of democracy.
Profil Self Resiliensi Siswa SMP Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Pranowo Taufik Agung , Febrianto Arip
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat self resiliensi siswa di MTs Negeri 4 Kabupaten Magelang. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kuantitatif. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa MTs Negeri 4 Kabupaten Magelang, dengan Populasi 1000 siswa dan Sampel 170 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu angket self resiliensi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara jumlah skor ideal untuk seluruh item dikalikan jumlah responden, jumlah jawaban “ dikalikan jumlah responden. Kemudian jumlah jawaban dibagi jumlah skor ideal, hasilnya dikalikan 100%. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa kondisi self resiliensi pada siswa pada kategori sedang dengan nilai 82%. Sedangkan hasil tiap indikator yaitu 1) Kondisi Indikator Pengendalian Emosi pada kondisi sedang dengan nilai 77%, 2) Kondisi Indikator Kemampuan Untuk Mengontrol Implus pada kondisi sedang dengan nilai 61% dan 3) Kondisi Indikator Self Eficacy pada kondisi sedang dengan nilai 78%. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahwa kondisi self resiliensi siswa MTs Negeri 4 Kabupaten Magelang berada pada kondisi sedang dan kondisi setiap indikator 1) Indikator Pengendalian Emosi, 2) Indikator Kemampuan Untuk Mengontrol Implus, 3) Indikator Self Eficacy berada pada kategori sedang.
POTENCY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM Muntingia calabura AS ANTIFUNGAL SUBSTANCES AGAINST Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Agung Bimantara  , Widjajanti Hary , Nurnawati Elisa
Published: August 2022

Alternative is needed to overcome the problem of dandruff caused by C. parapsilosis. Endophytic fungi isolated from plants are capable of synthesizing compounds to produce various secondary metabolites. This study aimed to obtain the most active endophytic fungal isolates, determine the class of compounds, and determine the antifungal activity of the endophytic fungi (M. calabura) against C. parapsilosis.  Fifteen isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from M. calabura were coded FDK1-FDK15. There was a color change in the media after 30 days of cultivation isolates of fungi. FDK4 and FDK13 have potential as antifungals. FDK13 fungal extract had the highest inhibition zone diameter of 20.00 mm. 20 eluates were obtained from the isolation of com-pounds (Thin Layer Chromatography), FDK 131, 1314, 1317, and 1320 eluates are compounds of the terpenoid group and FDK1316 eluates are phenol group compounds that are active in inhibiting yeast growth. FDK1317 was the most active compound isolate in inhibiting the growth of C. parapsilosis with an inhibition zone diameter of 12.5 mm.
KAJIAN TERHADAP KEDUDUKAN KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI (KPK) PASCA REVISI UNDANG-UNDANG
Authors: Makkarateng Ma'adul Yaqien
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini membahas tentang pergeseran kedudukan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) pasca lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Dengan menggunakan penelitian hukum normative, artikel ini diharapkan dapat mengetahui bagaimana kedudukan dari lembaga anti korupsi yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia yaitu Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) setelah dilakukannya revisi terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 Tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi.Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa dalam sejarah penaganan tindak pidana korupsi yang terjadi di Indonesia terdapat berbagai lembaga yang telah dibentuk untuk menangani masalah korupsi. Hingga pada masa Reformasi dibentuklah Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) yang dalam menjalankan kewenangannya KPK bersifat independen. Akan tetapi status KPK sebagai lembaga yang bersifat independen dalam menjalankan segala tugasnya, berubah menjadi lembaga negara yang berada dalam rumpun eksekutif. Pergeseran kedudukan KPK dari lembaga independen ke lembaga yang berada dalam rumpun eksekutif ini terjadi karena pemerintah masih saja mengkotak-kotakkan lembaga negara dalam paradigma trias Politica yang sudah tidak relevan lagi pelaksanaannya dalam sistem ketatanegaraan kontemporer.
Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Melalui Perspektif Filosofis Hukum Islam
Authors: Mutaqim M. Akrom
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The process to get the dream family life is a desire and dream for everyone in carrying out family life. In addition, in achieving a dream family also needs more effort to make it happen. Islam has guidelines and laws where the achievement of a family that is in accordance with the purpose of marriage, sakinah is a harmonious and ideal family, mawaddah, feelings of love for partners, Rahmah, love that is ready to sacrifice and ready to protect those who are loved will realize the results of the ideal family. The implementation of learning about Islam is certainly inseparable from learning Islamic law. In Islamic law, there are many lessons and suggestions and guidance for living life both in society and in the family. One of the lessons about Islamic law is marriage law, recommendations for choosing a partner, and suggestions for living life in a household. Therefore, it cannot be denied that Islamic law is very instrumental in the survival of society, which will regulate or direct in order to achieve the goals of a harmonious family.

Abstrak

Proses untuk menuju kehidupan keluarga idaman merupakan suatu keinginan dan mimpi bagi setiap orang dalam menjalankan kehidupan berkeluarga. Selain itu, dalam mencapai sebuah keluarga idaman juga perlu dibutuhkan usaha lebih untuk mewujudkannya. Islam memiliki tuntunan dan hukum dimana dengan tercapainya keluarga yang sesuai dengan tujuan dari pernikahan yaitu sakinah adalah keluarga yang harmonis dan ideal, mawaddah, perasaan cinta terhadap pasangan, rahmah, cinta yang siap berkorban dan siap melindungi bagi siapa yang dicintai akan mewujudkan hasil dari keluarga idaman tersebut. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran mengenai agama islam tentunya tak lepas dari pembelajaran hukum islam. Dalam hukum islam terdapat banyak sekali pembelajaran dan anjuran serta tuntunan untuk menjalani hidup baik dalam masyarakat maupun keluarga. Salah satu pembelajaran mengenai hukum islam yaitu hukum perkawinan, anjuran memilih pasangan, dan anjuran dalam menjalankan hidup dalam berumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa hukum islam sangatlah berperan bagi kelangsungan hidup bermasyarakat, yang akan mengatur atau mengarahkan guna mencapai tujuan dari sebuah keluarga yang harmonis.
Mathematical modelling of Hass avocado firmness by using destructive and non-destructive devices at different maturity stages and under two storage conditions
Authors: Uarrota Virgilio Gavicho , Pedreschi Romina
Published: August 2022

Devices which are used to determine firmness of non-destructive nature do not penetrate the skin or damage the underlying flesh of the fruit and do provide real-time results, avoid raw biomass loss and allow the testing of every individual fruit and repeated testing of the same fruit, thus providing many advantages for researchers and the industry alike. Contrarily, destructive methods puncture the fruit and thus only a subsample, selected to represent all fruit, can be tested. In addition, different operators can generate quite different values for the same fruit using a hand-held penetrometer. Hass avocado from two commercial orchards was collected, and fruit firmness was measured at harvest, during two storage conditions controlled atmosphere (CA) and regular air (RA), during shelf-life and at the ready-to-eat stage using both destructive (Fruit Pressure Tester, mod. FT327, Wagner Instruments, Greenwich, USA) and non-destructive devices (Model TA.XT plusC, Stable Micro Systems Ltd, England). Then, the mathematical relationship between these two devices was assessed using Spearman Correlation coefficient (rho) and p-values adjusted by Benjamini-Hochberg and Bonferroni procedures. Thus, 3,200 fruits were evaluated during two harvests and two subsequent seasons. A moderate and positive association between destructive and non-destructive devices was found (rho coefficient ranging from 0.41 to 0.51). The variance explained by the regression models ranged from 0.53 to 0.63; all of them were significant with good accuracies (i.e., 0.79; 0.78; 0.73; 0.76). The results prompt us to conclude that a non-destructive texture analyser device can be used to accurately predict firmness measured by a penetrometer in Hass avocado fruit and contribute to avoiding fruit discards.
First characterisation of chrysanthemum virus B infecting chrysanthemum in Thailand and development of colourimetric RT-LAMP for rapid and sensitive detection
Authors: Supakitthanakorn Salit , Mochizuki Tomofumi , Vichittragoontavorn Kanjana , Kunasakdakul Kaewalin , Thapanapongworakul Pilunthana , Ruangwong On-Uma
Published: August 2022

Chrysanthemum is among the world's most important ornamental plants because of its high economic and cultural value. Our report is the first to describe the detection of chrysanthemum virus B (CVB) in chrysanthemum leaf samples collected from Thailand, which showed yellowing and mild mottling symptoms. The coat protein sequences of CVB isolated in this study share 95.15% identity with previously characterised CVB isolates. Biological indexing found that CVB induced both local and systemic symptoms in tobacco plants, while petunia displayed systemic symptoms. To improve the rapidity and sensitivity of CVB detection, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was developed. LAMP detection was found to be optimal when incubation was conducted at 65 °C for 45 min, wherein the LAMP reaction demonstrated 106 times higher sensitivity than polymerase chain reaction. To simplify the interpretation of results, we designed the method such that a positive result is clearly indicated based on a change of colour (colourimetry), from pink to yellow, as observed visually and via gel electrophoresis. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the characterisation of molecular, biological and morphological characteristics of CVB infecting chrysanthemum in Thailand, along with the development of colourimetric RT-LAMP for improving detection efficiency.
‘Are You the One Who is to Come?’ Epistemological Perspectives on Encountering the Judeo-Christian God
Authors: Ušurel Lidija
Published: August 2022

Gaining an insight on how the human perceptive apparatus has the ability to discern between the worlds, physical, divine and demonic, has intrigued many theological minds throughout the history. The concept of ‘spiritual senses’, developed in the patristic period, offers a platform for the debate on the intricate role that sensorial, psychological and spiritual skills play in perceiving the transcendent world. This paper argues that an encounter with the Judeo-Christian God presupposes, besides an innate spiritual, a priori, pre-cognitive consciousness regarding the existence of the divine, also a wholistic animation, regeneration and transfiguration of the human perceptive and psychological apparatus, through sanctification by the work of the Word and the Holy Spirit, in the community of believers.
The „hard” borders in the Baltic Sea Region, 1917-1922
Authors: Miloiu Silviu
Published: August 2022

The British sociologist Gerard Delanty’s conception of “boundary and identities of exclusion” in European history shall be remembered when approaching “hard borders.” This concept takes into account the “cultural dynamics of self-identification through exclusion” and is germane when considering the interwar interactions between the countries of the Baltic area and Russia. The works of Reece Jones and Alec Murphy on “the hardening of borders” and “the fetishization of territory” as national traits are equally pertinent to the perception of frontiers during the duration of the 20th century, including the years 1917 to 1922. In every occasion in which war and violence (ultimatums, threats of force) were employed in the Baltic Sea Region to award borders in favor of one state or another or to settle accounts, the arrangements were not permanent and a cycle of warfare with terrible effects on local people followed. The combination of universalist ideologies (such as Communism) with imperial goals frequently resulted in both domestic and international conflicts. Civil unrest (sisällissota) and clashes with and between foreign troops (Russian and German) marked Finland’s journey to independence. Comparable conditions existed in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. In each case, the upshot was not just an obsession with boundaries, but also an increase in otherness and loss of life.
Insidensi Serangan dan Perkembangan Populasi Hama Invasif, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Tanaman Jagung dan Sorgum di Bali
Authors: SIMANJUNTAK CRISTINE LAURINE , SUMIARTHA I KETUT , YULIADHI KETUT AYU , SUPARTHA I WAYAN
Published: August 2022

Incidence of Attacks and Population Development of Invasive Pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Corn and Sorghum Crops in Bali.  Spodoptera frugiperda is known as an invasive pest which now become important pest on corn crops in Indonesia and Bali in particular, but in this study the Spodoptera frugiperda was also found to attack sorghum. This study used purposive survey method and on land that had been fixed. Plant sampling was carried out in all regencies of Bali Province by means of diagonal sampling. The size of unit sample was 2 x 2m and the number of plants observed was 20 plants. The results of this study showed that the incidence of S. frugiperda attack has been observed on plant beds in all districts/cities in Bali which is indicated by symptoms of attack and abundance of S. frugiperda population on corn and sorghum in the field. The highest abundance of S. frugiperda larvae population was in sweet corn in Klungkung Regency as much as 38.67 heads, and the lowest was in sorghum numbu in Tabanan Regency as many as 27.00 individuals per observation plot. Population development of egg groups was found in plants aged 1 (MST) while larvae of S. frugiperda showed the same pattern in sweet corn, sticky rice and pipil plants and the peak of larval population occurred in plants aged 4 WATS respectively. While the peak population of larvae in sorghum plants occurred at 5 WAP and imago populations in sweet corn were found in sweet corn plants at 2 WAP and glutinous corn at 4 WAP. The highest percentage of S. frugiperda attack was on sweet corn with an average attack of 43% per observation plot and the lowest on sorghum numbu with an average of 25% per observation plot.
Aplikasi Remote Sensing dan Geographic Information System Untuk Monitoring Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Dalam Menunjang LP2B Di Subak Intaran Barat, Kota Denpasar
Authors: MAILASARI SISKA , TRIGUNASIH NI MADE , LANYA INDAYATI
Published: August 2022

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Aplication For Monitoring Land Use Change In Supporting LP2B In Subak Intaran Barat, Denpasar City. Subak Intaran Barat is one of 41 subak in Denpasar City which has been designated as Sustainable Subak and agro-ecotourism and is recommended as a Sustainable Food Agricultural Land area. This study aims to create a thematic map of changes in paddy land use in 2012 and 2018, a map of paddy land ownership, and compile an information system of Land Resources (SDL), Artificial Resources (SDB), and Agricultural Resources (SDP). This research method, namely: analysis of satellite images, surveys and mapping. The stages of this research are: literature study, interpretation of satellite images, field surveys and interviews, reinterpretation of satellite images, mapping and compilation of attribute data for SDL, SDB, SDP, and land ownership. Changes in land use for 6 years (2012-2018) in the West Intaran subak covering an area of 8.9 acres. The number of Subak farmers is 76 people. The status of the owner is 6 people with a land area of 6.85 acres (8.00%) and 70 smallholders with a land area of 79.55 acres (92%) who come from Sanur Kauh Village. Land resources found in Subak Intaran Barat are: irrigation canals (5,120 m), jogging track (1,960 m), rainfall 1500-2000 mm/year, slope 0-2%, soil type Typic Tropaquepts Isohiptermic, rice crop rotation patterns, horticulture-rice.
Efektivitas Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Batang (Fusarium Oxysporum Sp.) pada Tanaman Vanili (Vanilla Planifolia)
Authors: PARDEDE MEI NOVITA BR , WIRYA GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA , KALIMI KHAMDAN
Published: August 2022

Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. For Controlling Stem Rot (Fusarium Oxysporum sp.) in Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia). Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is one of the industrial plants that have very high economic value as an export commodity. One of the main obstacles to increasing vanilla production is stem rot disease. Stem rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae became one of the main obstacles faced. This research on the effectiveness of antagonistic microbes aims to obtain the best antagonist microbes in suppressing stem rot disease in vanilla plants. The experiment was carried out in vitro at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases at Udayana University and in vivo at the Experimental Garden Greenhouse. The experiment used a randomized block design with six replications and four treatments, namely Control (without antagonistic microbes), G (Gliocladium sp. + compost), T (Trichoderma sp. + compost), and GT (Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma sp. + compost). The results showed that T (Trichoderma sp. + compost) and GT (Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma sp. + compost) able inhibit stem rot disease with the best percentage of 10%.