bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hatay’ın Yayladağı İlçesine Göç Eden Suriyelilerin Bütünleşme Süreçleri
Authors: BOZKURT Önder
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, Suriye’de iç çatışma ve güvensizlik ortamının başladığı 2011 yılından itibaren Türkiye’ye göç eden Suriyelilerin, Türkiye’nin en güney ucunda yer alan Yayladağı ilçesine göçleri sonucunda, ilçe sakinleri ile göç edenler arasında ortaya çıktığı görülen sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yönlerden karşılıklı bir etkileşim sürecinin boyutları ve bunun ülke geneline yansıyan sonuçları ele alınmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği kullanılan çalışma kapsamında, göç edilen yerde yaşayan Yayladağlılar ile birlikte Suriyeli Bayırbucak Türkleri ve Araplar ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formlarıyla derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılarak kamu görevlileri ve sivil toplum kuruluşu temsilcileri ile birlikte toplam 91 katılımcının görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın kuramsal arka planı oluşturulurken Friedrich Heckmann’ın bütünleşme teorisinden yararlanılmıştır. Saha araştırmasının sonuçlarından anlaşıldığı üzere, yerli halk ile göç edenler arasında bir kültürlenme ve etkileşim sürecinin yaşandığı ancak bunun ortak dil, kültür gibi özellikler taşıyan Bayırbucaklı Türklerde daha fazla olduğu, Araplarda ise düşük düzeyde kaldığı ortaya konulmuştur.Bu durum da bütünleşmede ortak dil, kimlik ve kültürün önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymuştur.
BUDI DAYA KELAPA DAN PEMASARAN KOPRA DI BUOL 1970-2019
Authors: Purba Jhon Rivel , Lumangino Wilman Darsono
Published: December 2021

As the price of copra increased in the global market, coconut cultivation in Buol received great attention in the early 20th century. During the New Order, the government paid attention again to people’s plantations, especially coconuts. Coconut cultivation was promoted in several areas, including Buol. This paper scrutinizes the cultivation process and development of copra production in Buol. The commodities were closely related because the cultivation process greatly affected the production of copra. This study used the historical method to suggest that the people of Buol were cultivating coconut because of its great benefits, including how easy it was to be processed. In addition, other findings of this study indicate that the price of copra at the plantation level was determined by interconnected factors such as the quality of copra, the marketing network, and the absence of koperasi (economic enterprise) as a market counterweight. The study also found that although they were seen as economic symbols for the Buolese, these two commodities did not contribute significantly to the welfare of Buolese, particularly the small farmers who do not have vast cultivating lands.
Agroecological conditions for receiving environmentally safe products by growing rape in the zone of radioactive contamination
Authors: Dankevych Ye.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of economic activities on contaminated lands. We have given economic and environmental assessment of the feasibility of cultivation of spring rape in conditions of Polissya. We proved that expanding the area of technical and feed purposes are particularly relevant for areas of Zhytomyr region which suffered from the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. We proved that this is one of the few crops in which seed processing products hardly accumulate radionuclides. We have established criteria of influence cultivation methods and doses of fertilizers on growth and development, formation of structural elements and their relationship with yield of spring rape, regularities of the nutrition income, as well as radionuclides and heavy metals penetration into the products. According to the results of the investigation the improved technology of spring rape growing under contamination conditions has been worked out and recommended/ the technology is based on economic and energetic analyses of the product efficiency.
Synergy by 137Cs and nutritious microelements imbalance in agricultural landscapes of Ukrainian Polissya
Authors: Yehorova T.
Published: December 2021

In the article we considered the overall impact of several dangerous geochemical factors on vegetation and human body on the territory of Ukrainian Polissya. Such factors are radiation contamination and biogeochemical imbalance of micronutrients. We identify and describe synergistic exposure effects of radiation and the imbalance of Co, Mo, Zn on agricultural plants, livestock and people. We have summarized the parameters of the biogerrenic migration of 137Cs, Co, Mo, Zn in the landscapes of Ukrainian Polissya. We have established synergistic features of the biogenic migration of 137Cs with Co and Mo with Zn in the transition from soil into vegetation. The corresponding correlation between the levels of radiation risks areas and the prevalence of endemic microelementosis among the local population is obtained.
Radiation-ecological problems of agricultural production restoring in Ukrainian Polissya
Authors: Landin V.
Published: December 2021

Radiation and environmental problems of agricultural production rehabilitation in Ukrainian Polissya in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident have been analyzed. The degree of crops radioactive contamination with radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr has been appreciated. Variability of correlation between potential of agricultural plants ability to accumulate radionuclides and intensity of radionuclides flows with harvest has been discovered. The most effective fertilization system to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides by crops has been established. The need for scientific support of development and implementation of countermeasures has been justified.
P.I. Havsevych (1883–1920) and historical formation of the Research station of medicinal plants of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS (for 100th anniversary)
Authors: Verhunov V.
Published: December 2021

The life and creative achievements of known for his time agrarian, scientist and organizer of the national agricultural research dealing with the culture of medicinal plants; known public and political figure at times of the first state hopes Petro Ivanovych Havsevych is reconstructed by the method of historical and scientific analysis involving new, previously unavailable archival materials. The study documents lleged new date of birth. Unknown facts about the formation of a scientific outlook and especially creative achievements that ultimately led the creating by him in 1916 Europe’s first specialized branch of research institutions — plantation of medicinal plants in Lubny in Poltava region (now — Research Station of Medicinal Plants Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Sciences of NAAS) are revealed. The list of events to celebrate its centennial at the state level is proposed.
Significance of scientific activities of the Research station of medicinal plants in formation, establishment and development of medicinal plant cultivation
Authors: Ustymenko O. , Hlushchenko L. , Kutsenko N.
Published: December 2021

The article describes history of the organization of Ukraine’s first research station of medicinal plant cultivation. The main achievements of the scientific work Lubny research station of medicinal plants will be presented for 1916–2016. The main stages of medicinal plant cultivation as the field of agricultural production are given. An assessment of the role of scientific research stations of medicinal plants in the formation and development of the industry is carried out. During the time of work DSLR conducted introduction study and cultivation and developed agricultural techniques for over 120 species of medicinal plants, created 52 varieties of important crops such as mint, poppy, chamomile, valerian, echinacea, sage, skullcap and many others; designed a number of machines and devices for growing, harvesting and post-harvest handling of raw materials and seeds of many important medicinal plants that are successfully introduced into production. The paper highlights some questions about the prospects for implementing research in medicinal plant cultivation, intensification of the industry, increasing its relevance and effectiveness.
Ecological, biological and coenotic features of common lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis L.) in the conditions of Zhytomyr Polissya
Authors: Ishchuk O.
Published: December 2021

A study deals with the natural habitats of Convallaria majalis L., its biological characteristics and capabilities to the seed to renewal. The features of generative and vegetative reproduction Lily of the valley in terms of Polissya are determined. A lily of valley (Convalaria majalis L., is a valuable medicinal herb, as well as an ornamental plant. The healing properties of lily of valley are caused by the presence of glycosides and saponins. The popularity of the species leads to its reduction. Nowadays the possibilities of this valuable plant application are not determined. That is why; there is a necessity to explore the habitat of this plant, its bio ecological features and the possibilities of seed restoration. The purpose of investigation is to study ecological, biological and coenotic features of a lily of valley in Zhytomyr Polissya region. Conclusions and perspectives of further researches are proved. The favorable weather conditions in 2012 allowed sufficient germ number to form. It was 200 per generative sprout in 2013. The real seed productivity in years of the research was not high and it was from 20–30 to 38 seed per species. 2013 was the least favorable year for seed formation. A lily of valley forms from 10 to 18 germs of seeds. But some part of them is able to form seeds. So, 12 germs could form 4, 3 seeds in 2011, 10 germs could produce only 4, 4 in 2012. The number of seed germs increased in 2013, but seeds were not produced. The absence of seed materials is due to the bad weather conditions during the pollination and flowering period. So, the seed restoration of a lily of valley is rather slow and random. The population is restored because of its vegetative propagation. The further researches will be focused on Convalaria majalis habitat clarification in natural conditions of Zhytomyr region in order to develop the recommendations for the proper harvesting of pharmaceutical raw materials without damaging any other natural species.
Influence of biological control on seed productivity of brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea L.) in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Kokar N.
Published: December 2021

The article presents data on the study of Centaurea jacea L. (Asteraceae) seed productivity in the Ukrainian Carpathians and significant impact of insects-agents of biological control on it. The negative factor that affects the reduction of seeds number in the capitulum is anthropogenic one — mowing down, trampling down (recreation, grazing). The stronger factor is zoogenic one — the impact of insects-consorts so called agents of biological control. The agents of biological control are the living organisms which in the process of coevolution established such trophic ties as a result of which bring the considerable damage to the specimen-determinant affecting the number of its population. The researches indicate that the dynamics of SP in different years depends not only on the biological species characteristics, phytocoenotic conditions but also to a great extent on the biogenic factors which are both positive and negative. On the one hand the processes of pollination and blossom dust sprouting as well as fertilization and seminal primordial into the seeds depend on the number of insects-pollinators. On the other hand injurious insects, the agents of the biological control eat seed buds and tubular flowers in the capitulums of C. jacea reducing SP. The basic function of the biocontrol agents is that they are the natural regulators of the abundance of the given species.
Biologically active components of medicinal plants in the fermented milk product «Dyvosyl»
Authors: Kutsyk T.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the scientific substantiation of technological solutions, which consists in the enrichment of dairy basis of bacterial concentrate of kefir grains and functional ingredients of medicinal plants to create the original composition of the product introduced medicinal plant with diverse therapeutic areas — functional sour-milk product «Dyvosyl». Experimental work was conducted at the Department of biotechnology of the Institute of Food Resources NAAS. Set doses of functional ingredients, bacterial concentrate of kefir grains and according to the research are for bacterial concentrate — 5 g/t of dry extract of root of mallow medicinal — 120 g/t, dry extract of rootstock and roots of inula — 160 g/t, of essential oil peppermint — 2.5 g/t. The use of kefir grains in complex with functional ingredients allows us to obtain a fermented milk product with a significant amount of biologically active microorganisms (total number lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ((0.8÷1.01)±0.05)×109 CFU/g), increased levels of free amino acids (up to 12.4% of the total number) and a minimal amount of cholesterol ((61.2±0.1)%). It has been determined that for dry extracts we should use initial dissolution, thermal treatment at a temperature of (92±2)°C, endurance (15±2) minutes and the introduction of a solution of the extracts before fermentation of the milk. The fermentation should be carried out at a temperature of (25±1)°C for (8–9) hours to raise titrated acidity (80±5)°T, Essential oil of peppermint to make only after the process of aging of the product. The use of functional ingredients has allowed extending the shelf life to 12 days. Product originality and novelty of technological solutions of production of the product is confirmed by the patent of Ukraine for invention Method of production of functional fermented milk product «Dyvosyl» (Pat. No. 97772 Ukraine, IPC AS 9/13(2006.01), AC/127 (2006.01), pub. 12.03.2012 R., bull. No. 5).
Reaction of carnivorous animal populations on environmen tal measures
Authors: Pavlenko А. , Lisovyi M. , Chaika V.
Published: December 2021

In the context of Chernihiv region for 21 years the total area of protected areas has increased by 189%. The presence of a strong correlation between the increase in the area of territories with environmental status and the number of raccoon dog population, which has grown by 277% is ascertained. At the same time there is no direct correlation between the in- crease in protected areas and number of wolf and fox population. These differences, in our opinion, are due to the peculiarities of ecology animal species studied and the nature of human pressure on them during the hunt and destruction as «harmful» animals. In the absence of national biological monitoring to assess the ecological status of ecosystem stability, it is advisable to use a multi-year inventory of theriofauna.
Influence of biologically active additives on the fertility of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Svechkova N. , Sydorov M. , Stadnyk A.
Published: December 2021

One of the most important functions of humic substances is a stimulation and activation of physiological and biochemical processes in living organisms. Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) — one of the main objects of commodity production in different countries, the value of the fish is a high rate of growth and the ability to adapt to growing conditions. This led to the selection the object of studies. As a result of studies we found dietary impact of feed additives humate, sodium humate potassium Vitaton drug on fertility and growth of different age groups of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The use of biologically active substances contributes to the preservation of larvae channel catfish at 16–25%. Feeding larvae feed with biologically active agents increases their growth rate and increased average daily gain at 26–63%. The maximum effect of the use of drugs is observed in the second half pidroschuvannya. Under the same dose of preparations using humate potassium in their composition was proved to be the most effective.
Biosensor properties of soil microbiota under the action of pesticides
Authors: Brovko I. , Chabaniuk Ya. , Mazur S. , Yashchuk V.
Published: December 2021

The prospects of test strips using for evaluation of different class pesticides toxicity in relation to the soil microbiocenosis, which are actively used in agronomic practice in Ukraine, are found out. The aim of the study was to select of the optimal biosensor cultures to assess the toxic effect of pesticides using test strips. Some microorganisms are sensitive to certain pesticides and demonstrate that each test culture reacts differently to their application.
Sulfidogenic activity of bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3 under the influence of nitrite and sodium molybdate
Authors: Dorosh L. , Peretiatko T. , Gudz S.
Published: December 2021

Sulfate reducing bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3, selected from the wastewater of the city, do not accumulate biomass under the influence of nitrite and molybdate ions. These substances inhibit sulfidogenic activity of bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3. Additon of nitrite at a concentration of 1 mM has virtually no effect on the accumulation of biomass and hydrogen sulfide by bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3. The increasing the concentration of nitrite up to 5 mM biomass accumulation of bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3 was inhibited by approximately 50% while the observed decrease in efficiency of sulfate compared  with control. Molybdate at a concentration of 0.5–1 mM completely inhibits the growth and sulfidogenic activity of Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3. Simultaneous action of nitrite and molybdate causes almost complete inhibition of Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3 growth. Under these conditions the bacteria do not reduced sulfate and as a result do not accumulate hydrogen sulfide.
Drainage waste runoff of rice irrigation system as an additional reserve of irrigation water
Authors: Dementieva O.
Published: December 2021

We review the feasibility of the Dnieper water dilution with drainage and waste by 25% ad using it in technology of agricultural crops cultivation. The data of the Dnieper, drainage and mixed water quality are given. The results of the vegetation experiments showed the dependence of the yield of green mass of crops on irrigation water quality. The grain yield of rice varieties of different maturity classes are studied in dependence on fertilizers, ameliorants, the quantity and quality of irrigation water. The aim was to issue the maximum re-use of drainage waters to minimize discharge of wasteful, resource-saving and environ- mental protection, in particular, of the Black and Azov seas. In the laboratory studies, conducted with the purpose of hydrochemical monitoring and the quality assessment of the Dnieper, mixed (Dnieper — 75% + drainage — 25%), drainage of irrigation waters revealed their significant difference. The main problem of drainage waters is low quality. As evidenced by the data obtained under mixed water diluted with Dnieper was less aggressive in comparison with drainage and waste. Mixed and recorded in drainage waters had higher level of calcium compared to the Dnieper irrigated water, and other nutrients due to the leaching of soil dissolved fertilizers with irrigation water. According to the classification of academician A.M. Kostyakov Dnieper water is suitable (good) for irrigation. Mixed, and especially drainage water requires ongoing monitoring with the consideration of the full range of their application. The interaction of irrigation water, mineral fertilizers and ameliorants provide high yields of rice grain. The reduction in yield when irrigation mixed with water for four years was not significant (4.9–5.1%).
Codification of the legislation of Ukraine on intellectual property: material and procedural aspects
Authors: Pototskyy Mykola
Published: December 2021

Key words: intellectual property law, legislation, material norms, proceduralnorms, codification

The article is devoted to the study oflegislative problems that determine the appropriateness of the codification of Ukrainianlegislation on intellectual property. The current state of legislation in this area,the results of the reforms of procedural legislation of 20218 and special legislation of2020 are analysed. It is concluded that the special legislation of Ukraine on intellectualproperty requires further systemic improvement, unification, taking into accountthe development of the enforcement of European legislation in this area. The currentstructure of special laws is complex, dubbed norms and legal and technical shortcomings.Considering the number of tasks, the solution of which is advisable when improvinglegislation, it is obvious that the introduction of individual point changes isineffective. Another significant factor requiring recourse to the legislative procedureis the creation in Ukraine of the High Court for Intellectual Property Issues, and ascientific discussion regarding the procedural rules by which this court should administerjustice. The current legislative field contains certain rules governing the activitiesof this court, however, the presence of special procedural provisions in the legislationof the European Union, along with non-compliance with certain provisions of theAgreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and the AssociationAgreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, thecommunity on nuclear energy and their member states, on the other hand, makes itnecessary to supplement national procedural legislation with appropriate norms.Based on the characteristics of the structure of the legislative landscape, it is proposedto consider the possibility of incorporating material, procedural and proceduralnorms in a single legislative act. Approaches to defining the goals and principles ofsystematization of legislation are proposed.
European’s Union Open Science Policy as a global benchmark for Ukraine: legal environment
Authors: Orliuk Olena
Published: December 2021

Keywords: Open Science, EOSC, intellectual property, scientific researches, COVID-19 pandemic, UA-EU Association, Digital Europe

The article provides an analysis of the EU practices inthe field of development and implementation on the Open Science Policy, elaboration ofthe European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), employment of the FAIR principles and theirenhancement with CARE-principles. The European Commission activities are reviewedin the area of the Open Science roll-out as well as its ability to withstand the emergingglobal challenges like COVID-19. The EOSC concept is overviewed on the backdrop ofsuch EU policies as unified Digital Market Strategy and European Cloud Initiative, EuropeanResearch Environment, and Industrial Digitalization, as a part of those. EOSCconcept integration is considered through the development and interaction of Europeanand national research and e-infrastructures and data arrays, services and knowledgewithin the EU and globally.Steps are analyzed taken by Ukraine towards its integration to European researchenvironment and EOSC in the legal field, taking into account the State Authorities activityand implementation of the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement. It is highlighted thatthe innovations’ development of Ukraine is bound, both in timelines and meaningfully,with digital economics and the society development, intellectual property area, and should align the Ukrainian science initiatives with the European Cloud initiative as wellas further steps to joint the EOSC. It is consequently proven that consistent and meaningfulimplementation of the UA-EU Association commitments via the conceptual andstrategic regulations adopted by the state authorities is essential for Ukraine integrationto the EU’s Digital Market and Digital Environment so that to enhance its science potential.It is concluded that consistent efforts on implementing the goals and objectives asfor regulatory environment with their consequent enforcement creates the vital groundsfor successful enrollment of the national policy in this area.
Neoplasia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides blásticas
Authors: Hurtado Hurtado Veronica Maribel , Noboa Cercado Andrea del Rocío , Moran Mosquera Lisette Elianna
Published: December 2021

Introducción: La neoplasia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides blásticas (NCDPB) es una patología agresiva y representa menos del 1% de neoplasias hematológicas, se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas nodulares violáceas sin evidencia de adenopatías en la mayoría de casos. Estudios observacionales demuestran que el Protocolo de quimioterapia Hyper-CVAD y la consolidación con trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas se han asociado con una mayor supervivencia general.
Caso Clínico: mujer de 82 años con antecedentes de Diabetes Mellitus tipo con cinco meses de lesiones hiperpigmentadas, elevadas, induradas, violáceas no dolorosas en mejilla, brazos, tórax anterior y posterior y piernas.
Evolución: En  citometría de flujo se determinó un fenotipo compatible con células patológicas (5.86%) con CD123++, HLADR+++, NG2++, CD56+++, CD4++, que sugiere una NCDPB. La biopsia de médula ósea presentó infiltración. PET CT posterior a terapia corticoide: no evidencia enfermedad tumoral macroscópica metabólicamente activa. Se inicia tratamiento con Dexametasona, con lo que las lesiones cutáneas disminuyeron en un 80%. Se inició Quimioterapia Protocolo CHOP like, ha recibido 6 ciclos hasta octubre del 2021, actualmente en remisión completa.
Conclusión: En el presente caso el curso clínico de la NCDPB no fue agresivo hasta el momento del cierre del caso presentando disminución del 80% de las lesiones.
Glucose but Not Fructose Alters the Intestinal Paracellular Permeability in Association With Gut Inflammation and Dysbiosis in Mice
Authors: Zhang Xufei , Monnoye Magali , Mariadassou Mahendra , Beguet-Crespel Fabienne , Lapaque Nicolas , Heberden Christine , Douard Veronique
Published: December 2021

A causal correlation between the metabolic disorders associated with sugar intake and disruption of the gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis has been suggested, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To unravel these mechanisms, we investigated the effect of physiological amounts of fructose and glucose on barrier functions and inflammatory status in various regions of the GI tract and on the cecal microbiota composition. C57BL/6 mice were fed chow diet and given 15% glucose or 15% fructose in drinking water for 9 weeks. We monitored caloric intake, body weight, glucose intolerance, and adiposity. The intestinal paracellular permeability, cytokine, and tight junction protein expression were assessed in the jejunum, cecum, and colon. In the cecum, the microbiota composition was determined. Glucose-fed mice developed a marked increase in total adiposity, glucose intolerance, and paracellular permeability in the jejunum and cecum while fructose absorption did not affect any of these parameters. Fructose-fed mice displayed increased circulation levels of IL6. In the cecum, both glucose and fructose intake were associated with an increase in Il13, Ifnγ, and Tnfα mRNA and MLCK protein levels. To clarify the relationships between monosaccharides and barrier function, we measured the permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers in response to IFNγ+TNFα in the presence of glucose or fructose. In vitro, IFNγ+TNFα-induced intestinal permeability increase was less pronounced in response to fructose than glucose. Mice treated with glucose showed an enrichment of Lachnospiracae and Desulfovibrionaceae while the fructose increased relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Correlations between pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and bacterial abundance highlighted the potential role of members of Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group genera in the inflammation observed in response to glucose intake. The increase in intestinal inflammation and circulating levels of IL6 in response to fructose was observed in the absence of intestinal permeability modification, suggesting that the intestinal permeability alteration does not precede the onset of metabolic outcome (low-grade inflammation, hyperglycemia) associated with chronic fructose consumption. The data also highlight the deleterious effects of glucose on gut barrier function along the GI tract and suggest that Desulfovibrionaceae and Lachnospiraceae play a key role in the onset of GI inflammation in response to glucose.
Kidney-Draining Lymph Node Fibrosis Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Zhao Jing , Naini Said Movahedi , Sabiu Gianmarco , Tullius Stefan G. , Shin Su Ryon , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Fiorina Paolo , Tsokos George C. , Abdi Reza , Kasinath Vivek
Published: December 2021

Although the primary organ has been the subject of intense investigation in the field of organ fibrosis over the past several decades, the presence of lymph node fibrosis due to persistent activation of the immune response in its partner organ remains largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that activation of the immune response following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in the kidney was associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) production by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) of the kidney-draining lymph node (KLN). Here, we sought to determine whether FRCs in the KLN become similarly fibrogenic following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) of the kidney. We subjected 6–8-week-old C57BL/6J mice to UUO for 2, 7, and 14 days. We examined the microarchitecture of the kidney and KLN by immunofluorescence staining at each timepoint, and we quantified immune cell populations in the KLN by flow cytometry. The contralateral kidney unaffected by UUO and its partner KLN were used as controls. We found through immunofluorescence staining that FRCs increased production of ECM fibers and remodeled the microarchitecture of the UUO KLN, contributing to fibrosis that mirrored the changes in the kidney. We also observed by flow cytometry that the populations of CD11b+ antigen-presenting cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells, and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the UUO KLN than the KLN draining the unaffected contralateral kidney. Expression of the TGFβ/TGFβR signaling pathway was upregulated and colocalized with FRCs in the UUO KLNs, suggesting a possible mechanism behind the fibrosis. Both release of ureteral ligation at 2 days following UUO and depletion of FRCs at the time of injury onset halted the progression of fibrosis in both the kidney and the KLN. These findings for the first time highlight the association between fibrosis both in the kidney and the KLN during UUO, and they lay the groundwork for future studies that will investigate more deeply the mechanisms behind the connection between FRCs and KLN fibrosis.
Hyper-Heuristic Based on ACO and Local Search for Dynamic Optimization Problems
Authors: Müller Felipe Martins , Bonilha Iaê Santos
Published: December 2021

Hyper-heuristics comprise a set of approaches that are motivated (at least in part) by the objective of intelligently combining heuristic methods to solve hard optimization problems. Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms have been proven to deal with Dynamic Optimization Problems (DOPs) properly. Despite the good results obtained by the integration of local search operators with ACO, little has been done to tackle DOPs. In this research, one of the most reliable ACO schemes, the MAX-MIN Ant System (MMAS), has been integrated with advanced and effective local search operators, resulting in an innovative hyper-heuristic. The local search operators are the Lin–Kernighan (LK) and the Unstringing and Stringing (US) heuristics, and they were intelligently chosen to improve the solution obtained by ACO. The proposed method aims to combine the adaptation capabilities of ACO for DOPs and the good performance of the local search operators chosen in an adaptive way and based on their performance, creating in this way a hyper-heuristic. The travelling salesman problem (TSP) was the base problem to generate both symmetric and asymmetric dynamic test cases. Experiments have shown that the MMAS provides good initial solutions to the local search operators and the hyper-heuristic creates a robust and effective method for the vast majority of test cases.
Androgenesis—Technology for Obtaining Genetically Stable Breeding Material of Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Olszewska Dorota , Tomaszewska-Sowa Magdalena
Published: December 2021

Androgenesis in vitro is a basic method of obtaining haploid plants and DH (doubled haploid) lines of major crops such as potato, rapeseed, tomato, pepper, wheat, maize, and barley, and also many different minor crops and species with lower agricultural impact. Diploid plants appearing among androgenic regenerants are the effect of spontaneous doubling of the chromosome number in haploid cells during an embryo’s early developmental stages and are valuable fully homozygous breeding material. The subject of the presented research is spontaneous diploidization occurring in the development of androgenic, haploid pepper regenerants. In the presented experiment, the formation of diploid seeds was observed in the progeny of an androgenic, haploid plant derived in an anther culture of a hybrid (Capsicum annuum L. ATZ × Capsicum annuum L. ‘Corno di toro’)F2. Agromorphological and molecular analyses concerned eight diploid plants being progeny of the anther-derived haploid regenerant. Five of the plants constituted a phenotypically balanced group with valuable agromorphological features. Their genetic homogeneity was confirmed using 10 RAPD markers and 16 ISSR markers. Based on the results, it was concluded that anther-derived haploid plants of Capsicum can be the source of diploid, apomictic seeds, and the obtained offspring may constitute genetically stable, valuable breeding material.
Competitiveness of the EU Agri-Food Sector on the US Market: Worth Reviving Transatlantic Trade?
Authors: Pawlak Karolina
Published: December 2021

The systematically strengthening role of emerging economies has become a factor strongly determining the overall trade policy of the European Union (EU) and the United States of America (USA), as well as their bilateral relations. One of the initiatives aiming at the strengthening of economic ties within the transatlantic partnership, as a consequence promoting stabilization of the positions of the EU and the USA in the world economy, was related with negotiations concerning the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. The EU-USA trade talks were suspended at the end of 2016; however, the establishment of the EU-USA free trade area might be a breakthrough in the transatlantic relations, while the conclusion of this agreement would significantly determine the competitive position of the agri-food sector of these two economies, both in their bilateral relations and in world trade. In view of the above, the aim of this paper is to estimate the competitive position of the EU agri-food sector in transatlantic trade considering the conclusion of the agreement establishing the EU-USA free trade area. For this purpose, Widodo’s method of mapping products on the target market was applied. Results from the conducted analyses suggest that from 2010–2020 comparative advantages gained by the EU on the US market were sources of an advantageous export specialization. In view of the forecasted dynamic increase in agri-food export from the EU to the USA caused by possible liberalization of bilateral trade, the relatively strong competitive position of the EU on the American market might be maintained or even strengthened. However, such a situation would be determined by the regulatory cooperation progressing with the reduction of tariffs.
Adaptation Potential of Current Wheat Cultivars and Planting Dates under the Changing Climate in Ethiopia
Authors: Demelash Tsedale , Amou Martial , Gyilbag Amatus , Tesfay Goitom , Xu Yinlong
Published: December 2021

Global warming poses a severe threat to food security in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the primary driver of low wheat productivity is attributed to climate change. Due to the sparsity of observation data, climate-related impact analysis is poorly understood, and the adaptation strategies studied so far have also been insufficient. This study adopted the most popular DSSAT CERES-Wheat model and the ensemble mean of four GCMs to examine the quantitative effects of adjusted sowing dates and varieties on wheat yield. The two new cultivars (Dandaa and Kakaba), with reference to an old cultivar (Digelu), were considered for the mid-century (2036–2065) and late-century (2066–2095) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios. The results showed that the Dandaa cultivar demonstrates better adaptation potential at late sowing with a yield increase of about 140 kg/ha to 148 kg/ha for the mid- and late-century under RCP4.5. However, under RCP 8.5, Kakaba demonstrates higher adaptation potential with a yield gain for early sowing of up to 142 kg/ha and 170 kg/ha during the mid- and late-century, respectively. Late sowing of the Dandaa cultivar is recommended if GHG emissions are cut off at least to the average scenario, while the Kakaba cultivar is the best option when the emissions are high. The adaptation measures assessed in this study could help to enhance wheat production and adaptability of wheat to the future climate.
Moringa oleifera Leaves’ Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, and Growth in Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Authors: Abidin Zaenal , Huang Huai-Ting , Liao Zhen-Hao , Chen Bo-Ying , Wu Yu-Sheng , Lin Yu-Ju , Nan Fan-Hua
Published: December 2021

Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concentrations of the moringa extract. Furthermore, the moringa extract was incorporated at 0 (control), 1.25 g (ME1.25), 2.5 g (ME2.5), and 5.0 g (ME5.0) per kg of diet for the in vivo assay. During the rearing period, immune responses, namely the total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production, and immune-related gene expression were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Growth performance was measured 60 days after the feeding period. Furthermore, the shrimp were challenged with V. alginolyticus after being fed for different feeding durations. The results of the in vitro assay revealed that 100–250 ppm of the moringa extract enhanced the PO activity, phagocytic rate (PR), and superoxide anion production. The findings of the in vivo assay demonstrated that the THC, PO activity, PR, and immune-related gene expression, including alpha-2-macroglobulin, prophenoloxidase II, penaeidin2, penaeidin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and clotting protein, were higher in the group of ME.25 and ME5.0 than in the control and ME1.25 at several time points. Growth performance was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the ME2.5 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary ME2.5 resulted in a higher survival rate compared to that of the control group after challenging with V. alginolyticus, especially at ME2.5 administered for 4 and 7 days. This study indicated that the incorporation of the moringa extract at 2.5 g per kg of diet enhanced the immune response, the growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, and the resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.
Oral and Parenteral vs. Parenteral Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection: An Intervention Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sangiorgio Giuseppe , Vacante Marco , Basile Francesco , Biondi Antonio
Published: December 2021

This study aims to systematically assess the efficacy of parenteral and oral antibiotic prophylaxis compared to parenteral-only prophylaxis for the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer resection. Published and unpublished randomized clinical trials comparing the use of oral and parenteral prophylactic antibiotics vs. parenteral-only antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were collected searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED) without limits of date, language, or any other search filter. The outcomes included SSIs and other infectious and noninfectious postoperative complications. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials (RoB 2). A total of six studies involving 2252 patients were finally included, with 1126 cases in the oral and parenteral group and 1126 cases in the parenteral-only group. Meta-analysis results showed a statistically significant reduction of SSIs (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.72; p < 0.0001) and anastomotic leakage (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.91; p = 0.02) in the group of patients receiving oral antibiotics in addition to intravenous (IV) antibiotics compared to IV alone. Our meta-analysis shows that a combination of oral antibiotics and intravenous antibiotics significantly lowers the incidence of SSI compared with intravenous antibiotics alone.
Cyclic Hydroxylamines as Monitors of Peroxynitrite and Superoxide-Revisited
Authors: Samuni Uri , Samuni Amram , Goldstein Sara
Published: December 2021

There is a considerable need for methods that allow quantitative determination in vitro and in vivo of transient oxidative species such as peroxynitrite (ONOOH/ONOO−) and superoxide (HO2•/O2•−). Cyclic hydroxylamines, which upon oxidation yield their respective stable nitroxide radicals, have been suggested as spin probes of peroxynitrite and superoxide. The present study investigated this approach by following the kinetics of peroxynitrite decay in the absence and presence of various 5-membered and 6-membered ring hydroxylamines, and comparing the yield of their respective nitroxides using electron paramagnetic spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that hydroxylamines do not react directly with peroxynitrite, but are oxidized to their respective nitroxides by the radicals formed during peroxynitrite self-decomposition, namely •OH and •NO2. The accumulated nitroxides are far below their expected yield, had the hydroxylamines fully scavenged all these radicals, due to multiple competing reactions of the oxidized forms of the hydroxylamines with •NO2 and ONOO−. Therefore, cyclic hydroxylamines cannot be used for quantitative assay of peroxynitrite in vitro. The situation is even more complex in vivo where •OH and •NO2 are formed also via other oxidizing reactions systems. The present study also compared the yield of accumulated nitroxides under constant flux of superoxide in the presence of various cyclic hydroxylamines. It is demonstrated that certain 5-membered ring hydroxylamines, which their respective nitroxides are poor SOD-mimics, might be considered as stoichiometric monitors of superoxide in vitro at highest possible concentrations and pH.
Dietary Glutamine Inclusion Regulates Immune and Antioxidant System, as Well as Programmed Cell Death in Fish to Protect against Flavobacterium columnare Infection
Authors: Jiao Congrui , Zou Jiahong , Chen Zhenwei , Zheng Feifei , Xu Zhen , Lin Yu-Hung , Wang Qingchao
Published: December 2021

The susceptibility of animals to pathogenic infection is significantly affected by nutritional status. The present study took yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) as a model to test the hypothesis that the protective roles of glutamine during bacterial infection are largely related to its regulation on the immune and antioxidant system, apoptosis and autophagy. Dietary glutamine supplementation significantly improved fish growth performance and feed utilization. After a challenge with Flavobacterium columnare, glutamine supplementation promoted il-8 and il-1β expression via NF-κB signaling in the head kidney and spleen, but inhibited the over-inflammation in the gut and gills. Additionally, dietary glutamine inclusion also enhanced the systematic antioxidant capacity. Histological analysis showed the protective role of glutamine in gill structures. Further study indicated that glutamine alleviated apoptosis during bacterial infection, along with the reduced protein levels of caspase-3 and the reduced expression of apoptosis-related genes. Moreover, glutamine also showed an inhibitory role in autophagy which was due to the increased activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, our study for the first time illustrated the regulatory roles of glutamine in the fish immune and antioxidant system, and reported its inhibitory effects on fish apoptosis and autophagy during bacterial infection.
Djulis Hull Improves Insulin Resistance and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Hyperglycaemia
Authors: Tung Yu-Tang , Zeng Jun-Lan , Ho Shang-Tse , Xu Jin-Wei , Lin I-Hsuan , Wu Jyh-Horng
Published: December 2021

In this study, we annotated the major flavonoid glycoside, rutin, of djulis hull crude extract using a Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) library and its MS/MS spectra. To evaluate the protective effect of djulis hull crude extract and rutin on glucose tolerance, we fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce hyperglycaemia. These results showed that crude extract significantly decreased HFD-induced elevation in the area under the curve (AUC) of weekly random blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels, and significantly increased pIRS1 and Glut4 protein expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and liver. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) was reversed by crude extract. In addition, ZO-1 and occludin protein expression in the colon was markedly downregulated in HFD-fed mice, resulting in decreased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, but were restored following crude extract. Moreover, the crude extract intervention had a profound effect on the alpha diversity and microbial community in the gut microbiota. Therefore, djulis hull crude extract could improve blood glucose and increase insulin receptor sensitivity in HFD-induced hyperglycaemia, which is likely due to its modulation of the gut microbiota, preservation of the integrity of the intestinal barrier to reduce body inflammation, increased antioxidant activity, and modulation of insulin signalling.
The Epidermis: Redox Governor of Health and Diseases
Authors: Ishitsuka Yosuke , Roop Dennis R.
Published: December 2021

A functional epithelial barrier necessitates protection against dehydration, and ichthyoses are caused by defects in maintaining the permeability barrier in the stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost protective layer composed of dead cells and secretory materials from the living layer stratum granulosum (SG). We have found that loricrin (LOR) is an essential effector of cornification that occurs in the uppermost layer of SG (SG1). LOR promotes the maturation of corneocytes and extracellular adhesion structure through organizing disulfide cross-linkages, albeit being dispensable for the SC permeability barrier. This review takes psoriasis and AD as the prototype of impaired cornification. Despite exhibiting immunological traits that oppose each other, both conditions share the epidermal differentiation complex as a susceptible locus. We also review recent mechanistic insights on skin diseases, focusing on the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with the cap “n” collar homology-associated protein 1/NFE2-related factor 2 signaling pathway, as they coordinate the epidermis-intrinsic xenobiotic metabolism. Finally, we refine the theoretical framework of thiol-mediated crosstalk between keratinocytes and leukocytes in the epidermis that was put forward earlier.