bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOXIC ALCOHOL POISONING: A CASE REPORT
Authors: SANAL K THOMAS  , ATHULYA G ASOKAN  , AJEESH KOSHY
Published: November 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, toxic alcohol poisoning, notably from methanol, has emerged as a significant concern due to increased consumption of illicit liquor amidst lockdown restrictions. We present a case of a middle-aged man who developed altered consciousness, metabolic acidosis, and shock two days after ingesting hospital spirit. Although initial qualitative tests only detected ethanol, subsequent MRI findings showed classical signs of methanol poisoning, including basal ganglia abnormalities. Prompt management with dialysis, ventilatory support, and adjunctive therapy successfully addressed the acute phase despite the patient remaining delirious for seven days. This case underscores the importance of considering methanol toxicity even in the absence of direct evidence, necessitating comprehensive diagnostic approaches. Awareness and incorporating point-of-care assessments such as arterial blood gas analysis and osmolar gap evaluation in suspected cases are crucial, especially in resource-limited settings. Recognizing unexplained high anion gap metabolic acidosis with a high osmolar gap and characteristic MRI findings can aid in the early diagnosis and management of toxic alcohol poisoning
COMPARATIVE SERUM LIPID STUDY IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS SUFFERING FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: DANGI BS  , YADAVE BS  , VISHNU PAL
Published: November 2024

Objective: Comparative study of lipids in smoker and non-smoker myocardial infarction (MI), patients.
Methods: Total cholesterol determined by diagnostic kit, that is, enzymatic CHOD-PAP, endpoint colorimetric method. Absorbance was measured at 506 nm by kinetic ultraviolet spectrophotometer which was proportional to the cholesterol concentration in the specimens.
Results: There were 41.46% of patients who were smokers with high total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL). The total cholesterol was found to be statistically significant when smokers and non-smokers were compared in different age groups (p<0.05) in urban, rural, and slum populations of Madhya Pradesh.
Conclusion: This prospective study of 2006 smoking emerged as a significant modifiable risk factor in MI patients.
IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS MADERASPATANUS LEAVES AS AN α-AMYLASE AND α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR
Authors: NADHIYA K  , MAHALAKSHMI P  , KALAIVANI P
Published: November 2024

Objective: The current study was planned to study the phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and inhibitor activity of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase from leaf extract of Cucumis maderaspatanus.
Methods: Extract was extracted using a soxhlet apparatus using solvents, such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous. The extracts were evaporated using a rotary evaporator. The phytochemicals were measured qualitatively and quantitatively and the antioxidant activity was done and the IC50 value was calculated.
Result: The qualitative analysis of the ethnolic leaf extract of C. maderaspatanus shows the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, phenol compounds, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthocyanins, betacyanins, quinones, glycosides, sterol, and coumarins. Quantitative analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of C. maderaspatanus showed that the presence of phenols (98.63±0.03), flavonoids (80.35±0.78), saponin (16.56±0.04), alkaloids (12.56±0.05), and total antioxidant (130.18±2.45). The IC50 value of various parameters such as DPPH (IC50=265), Nitric oxide (IC50=213), Hydrogen peroxide (IC50=355), Hydroxyl (IC50=290), Superoxide (IC50=145), alpha-amylase activity (IC50=48), and alpha-glucosidase activity (IC50=76).
Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that the ethanolic leaf extracts of C. maderaspatanus have good antioxidant capacity, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity due to phytochemicals present in it.
TO STUDY THE CLINICO-MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF AN INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS IN THE SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: AMARPREET KAUR  , VEENU GUPTA  , PL GAUTAM
Published: November 2024

Objective: Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) pose a severe challenge in surgical intensive care units (ICUs). These infections, which can develop from conditions such as peritonitis, appendicitis, and intra-abdominal abscesses, often worsen into severe complications such as sepsis and multi- organ failure. Early and accurate diagnosis, along with rapid and effective treatment, is crucial for improving the survival and recovery of patients in the surgical ICU who are affected by these life-threatening infections. This study focuses on the clinical and microbiological profile of IAIs in the surgical ICU, emphasizing the importance of understanding the microbial landscape.
 Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology over the course of 1 year. Patients with suspected IAIs admitted to the surgical ICU were included in the study. The samples were received and processed as per standard protocols. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done by the Vitek-2 system, and isolates were characterized as multi-/extensively/pan-drug resistant.
Results: Out of 1010 patients admitted to the surgical ICU, infections were present in 81 patients (53 males and 28 females), resulting in an infection rate of 8%. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (28.3%), and the most common risk factors were sepsis (19.7%), alcohol intake (18.5%), and immobilization (16%). A total of 87 isolates were obtained. The most common isolate was Escherichia coli (47.1%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.4%). E. coli showed maximum sensitivity for amikacin (76.7%), followed by tigecycline (74.4%). 81.6% of isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 62.7% were extensively drug-resistant.
Conclusion: Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns provides guidance for the treatment, thus improving outcomes.
EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE ABOUT PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG NURSING STAFF AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: RUSHITABEN K BHUNGALIYA  , GOSWAMI NIMIT , SHAH SHREYA
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing staff about pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The secondary objective was to assess the causes of underreporting of ADRs.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out using a pre-designed structured questionnaire, adapted from previous studies and validated internally among the members of the pharmacovigilance committee. This questionnaire was provided to the nurses of all wards and out-patient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Gujarat, after taking their written informed consent. The data were evaluated for further analysis.
Results: Out of 309 participants, 73.38% had appropriate knowledge about pharmacovigilance and ADRs and 72.41% had a positive attitude toward the safety of drugs and reporting of ADRs. Out of 309 nurses, 55.34% of nurses came across an ADR and 3.56% of nurses had reported an ADR. According to the evaluated data, the reasons for underreporting of ADRs were lack of awareness, lack of time, and fear of legal implications. Out of all participants, 4.85% had attended ADR training/awareness sessions.
Conclusion: In the present study, nursing staff at a tertiary care teaching hospital had good knowledge and positive attitude toward pharmacovigilance but at the same time application of the same was lacking. Exposure to awareness programs and seminars about pharmacovigilance and hands-on ADR training sessions can improve the practice of nurses about pharmacovigilance.
ASSESSMENT OF THYROID FUNCTION DISORDERS AMONG THE SUBJECTS ATTENDING CENTRAL LABORATORY OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: AN OBSERVATIONAL, CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: ALAK KUMAR DAS  , SREYASHI RAY  , JINIA GHOSH
Published: November 2024

Objective: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide and India is not an exception. Several factors may determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction including age, gender, geographical and ethnic background, and most importantly iodine intake. Therefore, data related to thyroid disorders from one population cannot be extrapolated to another. In this study, we aimed to assess the disorders of thyroid function among the subjects attending the central laboratory of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and the Department of Biochemistry of the same institute over a period of 3 months. All subjects of either sex attending the central laboratory of the institute for estimating thyroid function on their outpatient visit during the study period were included. Subjects who were on any medications known to alter the thyroid hormone status or diagnosed with a thyroid disorder and/or on therapy were excluded. A pre-designed and pre-tested data collection form was used for taking interviews to collect relevant data including sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, thyroid illness, and investigational reports.
Results: A total of 132 subjects were included in the study. The majority of them were female (72.27%) and residents of urban areas (52.27%). The most common comorbid conditions and presenting symptoms were hypertension (25.76%) and fatigue (46.97%), respectively. The majority of the subjects were found to be euthyroid (81.81%). About 18.19% of the study subjects were having thyroid disorders, most commonly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (13.64%), followed by primary hypothyroidism (2.27%), secondary hyperthyroidism (1.52%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.76%). Thyroid disorders were mainly found in females, such as primary hypothyroidism (66.67%), SCH (66.67%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (100%). The majority of the thyroid disorders were found in the age group of 26–50 years (20.27%), where females were found to have more primary hypothyroidism (3.17%), and SCH (12.70%).
Conclusion: The findings of our study call for a review of current practices regarding thyroid disorders to include active screening of thyroid function among the subjects at greater risks and an emphasis on regular monitoring of the thyroid status.
QUIZ AS AN ACADEMIC TOOL FOR TEACHING LEARNING PHARMACOLOGY IN INDIAN MEDICAL STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: SHOBHIT KAUSHIK  , JAYANT RAI  , HARSH WARDHAN  , SHIPRA KAUSHIK
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of quiz as an academic tool for teaching learning pharmacology.
Methods: The study enrolled 150 students of MBBS Phase 2 (batch 2022) of GS Medical College and Hospital, Hapur. Quizzes were conducted throughout the year and feedback was collected by students at the year end.
Results: The data were compiled and analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2016 and is expressed as percentages/number.
Conclusion: Quiz is an effective and interactive teaching-learning method.
A PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF NEW DRUG APPROVAL PATTERN OF JAPAN
Authors: Patel Nirav , Chavda Nilesh , JATINKUMAR V DHANANI
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the drug development and drug approval pattern of a developed Asian country: Japan.
Methods: Data available on official website of Japan government health authority was compiled for the duration of January 2017–December 2021. The new approved drugs were classified based on different parameters such as active ingredient, drug approval date, review category, new approval or partial change, Indication of drugs, and WHO anatomic thoracic classification. The descriptive analysis of data was done using LibreOffice Calc.
Results: Out of 545 drugs approved, 46% were anti-neoplastic and immunomodulating agent, 10% were anti-infective and 9% were Nervous system category. Furthermore, among all approved drugs, 51.38% were new approved drugs while 48.62% of drugs were approved with partial change in dosage, route, or indications.
Conclusion: This study showed new drug development and approval was done significantly for anti-cancer agents and agents for non-communicable diseases.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF P53 EXPRESSION IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Pal ADITI PAL , MAHENDRA SINGH
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess clinicopathological parameters in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma, and evaluate their correlation with p53 overexpression in these prostatic conditions.
Methods: The present ambispective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India from 2022 to 2024. This study included prostatic trucut biopsies, transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) chips, and radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatic adenocarcinoma. Tissue samples were processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to assess p53 expression using the GenomeMe antibody. Data on age, histological type and histological grade were collected. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test was conducted to evaluate associations between p53 overexpression and clinicopathological parameters.
Results: The study analyzed 50 cases, revealing significantly higher p53 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma compared to BPH. The majority of participants were aged between 61-70 years (46%). There were 50% patients with adenocarcinoma, 26% with BPH, 20% with BPH and chronic prostatitis, and 4% with BPH with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. There were strong associations between p53 overexpression and specific diagnoses, histological type and histological grade (Gleason scores) in prostate cancer.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest that p53 overexpression is closely linked to malignant prostate conditions and could potentially serve as a valuable biomarker for distinguishing between benign and malignant prostatic diseases, as well as predicting tumor aggressiveness.
SPHENOID BONE LIGAMENTS’ ENTHESOPATHY WITH THEIR CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: SUMITA AGARWAL
Published: November 2024

Objective: The Cortical bone formation at enthesial sites of ligament attachments to the sphenoid bone is indeed multifactorial, involving various biological, mechanical, and biomechanical processes. The present study is aimed to observe the ossified ligaments of sphenoid bone of skull manifesting various neurological complications.
Methods: An observational study conducted on sphenoid bones of 36 dried human skulls of unknown gender and age procured from the Department of Anatomy at Gautam Buddha Chikitsa Mahavidyalaya, Dehradun and People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal. These bones were observed for enthesopathic modifications in their ligaments.
Results: The present study showed ossified caroticoclinoid ligament (intra cranial ligament) predominated by 41.66% followed by pterygospinous ligament ossification (extra cranial ligament) with total 38.88% prevalence.
Conclusion: Altered morphology of sphenoid bone knowledge is a must for neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons while operating at these sites to avoid hindrances and has scope for newer approaches for better prognosis.
CYSTS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: A REVIEW OF 35 CASES WITH OUTCOMES
Authors: SURENDER  , NEERAV PORWAL  , SAPNA CHAUHAN  , ASHOK KUMAR4
Published: November 2024

Objective: Non-neoplastic, non-inflammatory cysts of the central nervous system (CNS) may cause symptoms as a result of changes in pressure, rupture or secondary inflammation. The cyst-related details, such as its age, site, cyst wall, and its contents, also provide an insight into their embryology and histogenesis. This paper reviews the clinic-pathological features of cysts of CNS.
Methods: In this study, a prospective analysis of the cysts of CNS diagnosed between November 2019 and October 2023 who presented to our outpatient department and managed at Command Hospital Lucknow and Base Hospital Delhi Cantt were reviewed. Written informed consent was taken from all patients. Cystic degeneration in tumors or inflammatory lesions was excluded from the study.
Results: There were 35 cysts in the study period of 04 years. Majority of intracranial cysts presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure. Patients with epidermoid cysts had additional cerebellar signs, visual disturbances and deafness. Cord compression is the main presentation of all spinal cysts.
Conclusion: Cysts of CNS are usually maldevelopment in nature. A few are acquired. The radiological identification of these cysts and pathological confirmation is necessary for prognostic purposes.
Apego a uso de presión positiva continua en la vía respiratoria y su impacto en la presión arterial
Authors: González-Zavala Susana , Salinas-Alvarado Rosa M. , Roy-García Ivonne A.
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre apego al uso de presión positiva continua en la vía respiratoria y su impacto en las cifras de presión arterial. Métodos: estudio transversal en pacientes de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 28 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, con uso de presión positiva continua en la vía respiratoria (cpap) y diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. El cálculo de la muestra se realizó utilizando la fórmula de diferencia de medias; se incluyeron 68 participantes. Para calcular la diferencia en la presión arterial según el apego al tratamiento con cpap, se empleó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Además, para evaluar el impacto en la presión arterial ajustado por variables de confusión, se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, considerando significativa una p<0.05. Resultados: 82.4% de los pacientes presentaron adherencia al uso de cpap. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la presión arterial según el apego al tratamiento con cpap, con valores de p de 0.802, 0.628 y 0.968 para la presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y media, respectivamente. La variable con mayor impacto en el control de la hipertensión fue el perímetro del cuello, con un or de 1.23 y una p de 0.028. Conclusión: se encontró un alto porcentaje de adherencia al tratamiento con cpap. No se observó una asociación entre el apego al uso de cpap y el control de la hipertensión. Las principales variables asociadas con el descontrol hipertensivo fueron el perímetro del cuello, el imc y el perímetro abdominal.
Problemas musculoesqueléticos más frecuentes en pacientes recuperados por COVID-19 en una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Rivera-Sánchez Jesús A. , Mendoza-Murillo Kryssna , Alvarado-Gutiérrez Teresa
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Identificar los problemas musculoesqueléticos más frecuentes así como su limitación funcional en pacientes recuperados por covid-19. Métodos: estudio observacional y descriptivo, participaron pacientes derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social afiliados a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 31 en Iztapalapa. En el estudio se incluyeron 262 pacientes. La selección de los participantes se realizó mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por casos consecutivos. Se utilizó la escala pcfs para la medición del estado funcional pos-covid-19. En el análisis estadístico se emplearon medidas descriptivas. Para las variables cuantitativas se utilizaron la mediana como medida de tendencia central y los rangos intercuartílicos como medida de dispersión. Para las variables cualitativas, se emplearon frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: Participaron 58.8% (n= 154) mujeres y 41.2% (n= 108) hombres. El rango de edad de los pacientes fue de 20 a 40 años, mediana de 28 años, respecto a las afectaciones musculoesqueléticas, las mialgias se presentaron en 70.6% de las personas y 49.6% presentó limitaciones funcionales leves. Conclusión: se identificaron mialgias como principal manifestación musculoesquelética así como limitaciones funcionales leves en pacientes recuperados de covid-19, esto subraya la necesidad de evaluaciones continuas, el uso de herramientas válidas y actualizaciones constantes sobre la enfermedad.
Indicadores antropométricos y porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares de una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Aguirre-Vallarta María D. , Vilchis-Chaparro Eduardo , Rivas-Ruiz Rodolfo , ázquez Patrón-Paul Paul G. V , Sandoval-Romero Araceli D.
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: valorar la asociación entre los indicadores antropométricos y el porcentaje de grasa corporal mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica en escolares de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No.161. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, realizado en cuatro meses. Se incluyeron derechohabientes de 6 a 11 años de edad, sexo indistinto, sanos, con asentimiento y consentimiento informado firmado por sus tutores. El tamaño de muestra fue de 382 participantes, estimado mediante la fórmula de correlaciones bivariadas. Resultados: se incluyeron a 400 participantes, los cuales tuvieron predominio del sexo femenino, 54.5%. La media de edad fue 8 años. Se hizo correlación bivariada entre porcentaje de grasa corporal y las variables antropométricas; con las variables sexo, circunferencia de brazo y edad, se obtuvo la siguiente ecuación con el siguiente resultado, y= -25.38+(-1.07/ edad) +2.81 (por circunferencia de brazo). Conclusión: con los marcadores antropométricos se puede considerar que la circunferencia de brazo es la principal candidata para las evaluaciones de grasa corporal en niños.
Ansiedad y violencia de género en mujeres adscritas a una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Ortega-Estrada Adriana X. , Villarreal-Ávalos Mariana G. , Millán-Hernández Manuel , Valverde-Pérez Ayde
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre ansiedad y violencia de género en mujeres de una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 7 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México, de marzo de 2022 a enero de 2024, con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, en la que participaron 384 personas. Se utilizó una cédula diseñada por los investigadores para registrar información sociodemográfica, así como el inventario de ansiedad idare (stai st6). Con los datos obtenidos, se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, bivariados y multivariados. Resultados: la prevalencia de ansiedad fue de 51.6% y la de violencia de género de 3.6%. Además, 68.8% de las participantes percibía inseguridad en la calle. Todas las participantes eran mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 45 años (ric: 21 años), 63.5% tenía un nivel académico superior al básico y 55.7% reportó un salario mensual mayor o igual a $5,000.00 mxn, con una mediana de $5,200.00 mxn (ric: $6,000.00 mxn). No se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables mediante la prueba de χ2, aunque se observó una leve correlación positiva con un coeficiente Rho de Spearman de 0.050. Conclusión: existe relación entre la ansiedad y violencia de género, así como el salario mensual.
Factores de riesgo en infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud del segundo nivel de atención
Authors: Solís-Chávez Brenda , Polaco de la Vega Thalyna , Díaz-Jímenez Diana , Rojano-Lastra Enrique , Sámano-Márquez Gabriel , Priego Julian
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo en la aparición de las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo realizado en una población de 1600 pacientes obtenidos de la base de datos iass dashboard del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social con datos de pacientes que desarrollaron infecciones asociadas con la atención en salud (iaas) entre mayo de 2018 y mayo de 2023. Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas de riesgo relativo (rr) y Odds Ratio (or), con un valor p<0.05. Resultados: se analizaron 1600 pacientes: 51% mujeres (n= 813) y 49% hombres (n= 787). Los principales factores de riesgo fueron: sonda urinaria (42.1%), intubación orotraqueal (20%), catéter venoso central (10.5%) y herida quirúrgica (9.6%). Los microorganismos del grupo eskapes se aislaron en 44% de los casos: Staphylococcus aureus (6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%), Acinetobacter baumannii (16%) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%). Se determinó que el uso de sonda urinaria fue el factor de riesgo más prevalente con un or de 1.37 (ic 1.319-1.427, p < 0.001). Conclusión: el uso de sonda urinaria se identificó como el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de iaas en la población estudiada. La distribución demográfica mostró que la mayoría de los casos se presentó en hombres con una media de edad de 66 años, diferenciándose de otros estudios que asocian iaas principalmente con la ventilación mecánica.
Calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Muñoz-Oliván Omar , Sánchez-Almazán Patricia , López-Delgado Mariana , Garibay-López Leticia
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: determinar la calidad de vida de pacientes de 60 años y más con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca, adscritos a una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio de tipo transversal descriptivo con 147 pacientes de 60 años y más, con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca, de ambos sexos, derechohabientes adscritos a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 9 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, periodo comprendido de mayo a junio del 2024. Se aplicó el cuestionario cardiomiopatía de Kansas City kccq adaptado al español para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. Resultados: se evaluaron 147 pacientes, de los cuales 85% presentaba percepción de pobre calidad de vida en el rango de 81 a 90 años, 29.4% fue hombre, 23.4% pensionado y 41.1% presentaba obesidad grado I. En cuanto a la clase funcional nyha, 71.4% correspondía al nivel 4. Además, 29.7% tenía 6 o más comorbilidades y 22.2% utilizaba 6 o más fármacos en su tratamiento. Conclusión: la insuficiencia cardiaca afecta significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes, al limitar su capacidad para desenvolverse de manera óptima tanto física como emocionalmente. Es esencial que el tratamiento sea integral, abordando tanto los aspectos médicos como emocionales de la enfermedad, con el objetivo de mejorar su bienestar general y calidad de vida.
Impacto del programa “Yo puedo” en el control glucémico de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Luna-Paz Metzi S. , Magos-Arenas Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: evaluar el impacto educativo del programa “Yo puedo” en el control glucémico de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental realizado durante las sesiones del programa “Yo puedo” en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 15, de septiembre de 2023 a mayo de 2024. La muestra incluyó derechohabientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que asistieron a las sesiones durante el periodo del estudio. Se utilizó el cuestionario dkq24 en su versión en español, para medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre diabetes. Además, se llenó una hoja de recolección de datos con el registro de glucosa capilar para evaluar el control glucémico. El análisis estadístico bivariado se realizó con spss, evaluando la asociación entre el nivel de conocimientos (aciertos en el dkq24) antes y después del programa y el control glucémico mediante pruebas de correlación. Resultados: en la primera prueba, 7.1% obtuvo un nivel de conocimiento malo y 92.9% regular. En la segunda prueba, 2.2% alcanzó un conocimiento regular y 97.8% bueno. Para evaluar el control glucémico, se analizó la asociación entre el número de aciertos y los niveles de glucosa, obteniendo coeficientes de correlación estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: la estrategia educativa “Yo puedo” generó cambios significativos en el nivel de conocimientos básicos sobre diabetes. El control glucémico no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
Actitud de los estudiantes universitarios de educación ante el uso de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Escalante Jiménez José Luis
Published: November 2024

La integración y regulación de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) representa un desafío a nivel mundial. Por ello, la presente investigación pretendió identificar la actitud y percepción de los estudiantes universitarios de educación ante el uso de la IA. El método se aplicó en un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo transversal, de corte básico. Se eligió una muestra representativa de 124 estudiantes universitarios de la facultad de educación (Licenciaturas en educación inicial, primaria, matemáticas, lengua y literatura para secundaria-Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña, República Dominicana). A esta muestra se le aplicó un instrumento ad hoc con 21 ítems de selección múltiple, dividido en 6 dimensiones. El nivel de confiabilidad del instrumento es de.780 en la escala de Alfa de Cronbach, la cual se considera alta. Los principales resultados demuestran que los estudiantes sin la orientación de los docentes tienen la IA como recurso de estudio y generación de textos, y también ven la IA como aliada para su proceso de aprendizaje. Asimismo, entienden que la apertura de los docentes es baja para la integración y aceptación de la IA. Se concluye que la integración de la IA es muy frecuente en la formación docente de estos estudiantes. La IA implica un reto para los docentes, porque necesitan tener más formación y apertura en este sentido, y que la universidad tiene que diseñar planes y proyectos para la integración y formación de los estudiantes en el uso de la IA.
Effect of Various pH Levels on the Growth and Sporulation of Trichoderma viride Isolates and Assessing their Antagonistic Activity against Soil-borne Pathogens
Authors: Maurya Manoj Kumar , Srivastava Mukesh , Harshita
Published: November 2024

Trichoderma viride strains, which are filamentous fungi commonly found in soil, possess the ability to parasitize various fungi harmful to plants. In this study, ten strains of T. viride were isolated from different locations in Uttar Pradesh, India, and examined for their cultural, physiological, morphological, and antagonistic characteristics against soil-borne pathogens. The T. viride isolates were assessed at different pH levels for their growth, sporulation, and antagonistic efficacy under in vitro conditions using the dual culture technique against five major soil-borne pathogens that cause significant diseases in cereal and pulse crops. Among the ten isolates tested, the 49CP isolate from Sultanpur exhibited the maximum growth and sporulation at a pH of 6.5 as well as the highest inhibition percentages of mycelial growth in the pathogens: 63.23% against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, 65.85% against Sclerotium rolfsii, 53.33% against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, 53.84% against Pythium sp., and 48.00% against Rhizoctonia bataticola. Trichoderma viride is also recognized for its effectiveness as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne pathogens, which are responsible for significant crop losses.
Investigation of Antibiotics Susceptibility and Resistance Pattern of ESBL and CRE Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates from Northern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Soomro Samreen , Alanazi Amani Alluhyimt , Alshammari Najd Meshal , Alanzi Athar Mohammad , Fahad Fai , Farhan Hajer , Alrashidi Lama Saud , Obaidullah Shatha , Al Otaibi Nawaf
Published: November 2024

The presence of ESBLs and CRE in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant challenge in healthcare and community settings. These enzymes can confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, limiting treatment options for infections caused by these strains. This resistance complicates infection management, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and higher mortality. This cross-sectional study, conducted from 2021 to 2022 at three hospitals in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia, involved collecting 541 samples from various wards and units. Samples were inoculated on blood-agar and MacConkey’s media, incubated overnight at 37°C, and analyzed for growth. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the “MicroScan WalkAway-96 SI-automated system. A total of 541 positive cases were collected from three major cities in the northern border territory of Saudi Arabia. Observations show that E. coli (18.66%, n = 101) was the most prominent pathogen, compared to Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.9%, n = 54). Females were more prone to ESBL-producing E. coli infections, with 67% having a urinary tract infection, whereas male patients were more predisposed to respiratory K. pneumoniae infections (54% compared to females at 46%). Out of 155 samples, 49.01% were ESBL-producing E. coli, and 20.38% were ESBL+CRE. Furthermore, 15.68% of K. pneumoniae were ESBL producers. E. coli showed resistance to 92% of ampicillin, 90% of oxacillin, 79% of ceftazidime, 76% of cefepime, 57% of aztreonam, and 53% of cephalothin, while amikacin (85%), imipenem, and meropenem were effective. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed 74% resistance to ampicillin, 67% to ceftazidime, 63% to co-trimoxazole, 57% to amoxicillin-clavulanate, and 42% to aztreonam. The sensitive antibiotics were imipenem (46%), aztreonam (42%), and amikacin (44%). The results are both intriguing and alarming. It is crucial to address the spread of ESBL and CRE-producing organisms.
Comparative Study of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation among Clinical Isolates and Nasal Colonisers
Authors: Murthy Neetha S. , Mahale Rashmi P. , Rao Aditya
Published: November 2024

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) a noted versatile facultative commensal with pathogenic potential. This facultatively anaerobic cocci lives a commensal lifestyle in about a quarter of the world’s population awaiting a breach in the immune barrier to establish as a debilitating pathogen. This bacterium produces biofilms which acts as adhesive molecule enhancing the bacterial virulence and gives it an ability to withstand antibiotics, thereby causing tremendous burden on the healthcare community in terms of patient mortality and morbidity. This study assesses the biofilm producing ability among clinical isolates of staphylococci in comparison to colonizing staphylococci isolated from anterior nares of healthcare personnel. The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mysore, India. In this study, 50 pathogenic isolates of S. aureus were assessed for phenotypic biofilm production. Additionally, 100 healthcare personnel were screened for nasal colonisation with S. aureus and the colonizing isolates were also screened for phenotypic biofilm formation. Phenotypic biofilm formation was evident among 22% of the pathogenic isolates. 23% of clinical S. aureus isolates demonstrated methicillin resistance (MRSA). There was no significant association of MRSA status with biofilm production (p > 0.05). Out of the 100 healthcare professionals screened for nasal carriage of S. aureus, 30% were colonized with S. aureus. Biofilm production among colonizing S. aureus isolates was found to be 26.6%. Methicillin resistance was a whopping 40% among the colonising strains. MRSA carriage was found to be highest among those healthcare personnel who had worked for an average of 20-30 years in the hospital environment. The Present study showed no significant association of biofilm production with the pathogenic potential of the S. aureus isolates (p > 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant association of methicillin resistance with the pathogenicity of the isolate. In conclusion, the interplay of virulence genes, biofilm forming ability, drug resistance of the isolate in coordination with the host immune status dictate the fate of the colonising as well as clinical isolates of S. aureus.
Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms and Emerging Biotechnological Approaches for Sugarcane Disease Management
Authors: Jernisha J. , Poorniammal R. , Sivakumar U. , Harish S. , Sethuraman K.
Published: November 2024

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a highly valuable agricultural crop, cultivated globally in tropical and subtropical regions, primarily for its sugar content. Out of the 110 countries that grow sugarcane, India and Brazil together account for half of the world’s total production. Being an annual crop, it is prone to many diseases. The major diseases that can affect the sugarcane are red rot, wilt, sett rot, grassy shoot and pokkah boeng. Among the diseases Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium sacchari, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Candidatus Phytoplasma and Fusarium fujikuroi pathogen leads to more yield loss. Traditional disease management strategies, such as chemical treatments, conventional methods and biological control, offer limited protection throughout the crop cycle and raise concerns regarding environmental impact and sustainability. In recent years, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) have emerged as a promising alternative, offering environmentally friendly solutions to enhance plant health and manage diseases. RNAi has been explored to manage various diseases caused by viruses, fungi, and bacteria. By silencing key pathogenicity genes in the causal organisms, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), smut, and leaf scald. The integration of PGPMs with RNAi emerging biotechnological tools and transcriptomics presents a sustainable approach to disease control, potentially reducing the dependency on chemical pesticides and promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices.
Physicochemical Investigations of Textile Wastewater and Process Parameter Optimization for Bio-decolorization of Congo Red Dye by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MT-2 Strain
Authors: Tripathi Manikant , Shukla Shivpujan , Singh Ranjan , Singh Sangram , Singh Pankaj , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Shukla Awadhesh Kumar , Maurya Sadanand , Pathak Sukriti , Chaudhary Vinod Kumar , Shukla Ajay Kumar , Manimekalai R.
Published: November 2024

Pollution caused by dyes is a major environmental threat, posing adverse impacts on humans, animals, and plants. Therefore, the remediation of such pollutants is essential to protect the environment. This study aimed to conduct physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of textile wastewater to isolate and identify potential native bacterial strains for the decolorization of Congo red dye. Physical and nutritional process parameters were optimized to achieve maximum decolorization. The biological and chemical oxygen demands of the analyzed textile waste water were found to be above the recommended limits. In this study, 19 Congo red -decolorizing bacteria were isolated, with one bacterial culture capable of growing at a higher dye concentration of 300 mg/L. This bacterium was characterized biochemically and genetically (using 16S rRNA sequencing) and identified as the Pseudomonas aeruginosa MT-2 strain. A maximum decolorization of 94.0% was achieved at an initial dye concentration of 150 mg/L, 35°C, and pH 8.0 under static conditions. The bacterial culture also showed resistance to heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, and chromium. The biodegradation of Congo red dye was confirmed through UV-vis spectral analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. The findings of this study demonstrate the high remediation potential of the MT-2 strain, making it suitable for possible use in dye biodecolorization at contaminated sites.
The Hidden Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Case Study from A Private Hospital in Jordan
Authors: Mansour Ghaith Hussein , Fararjeh Abdul-Fattah Salah , Shawagfeh Maissa T. , Abu Laban Nidal M.F. , Alsarhan Ali Ata , Al-Shawabkeh Jumanah D. , Abd Wahid Mohd Effendy
Published: November 2024

Antibiotic resistance is considered a widespread problem with global health implications, leading to increased patient morbidity and impacting the selection of effective antibiotics, consequently influencing patient recovery. This study aimed to assess antibiogram resistance patterns of bacterial records at the Islamic Hospital in Jordan using a retrospective study during the period 2020-2022. A total of 9369 samples obtained from different patients were cultured. Data were processed and analyzed with SPSS v.23.0. The results showed that 2841 (30.3%) samples were positive for bacterial infections. Microbial profiles of positive samples indicated the highest proportion for Escherichia coli, 39%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 12% were the most frequent Gram-negative bacterial isolates, whereas Staphylococcus aureus 13% and Streptococcus pneumoniae 4% were the most common Gram-positive bacterial isolates. Interestingly, multidrug-resistant bacteria comprised 61.7% of the isolates. The percentage of multi-drug resistance in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 68.7%, 73.1%, and 72%, respectively. Escherichia coli was most resistant to ampicillin (89%) and most sensitive to imipenem (100%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a 100% sensitivity to meropenem but 49% resistance to ceftriaxone. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive to amikacin and colistin (86% and 100%, respectively). Staphylococcus aureus isolates have resistance rates of 78% for ciprofloxacin, 35.6% for clindamycin and an overall resistance rate of 68.7%. These findings indicate multiple resistance for isolated bacteria. Therefore, antimicrobial resistance should be monitored continuously, and patients should be treated based on anti-microbial susceptibility tests.
Respiratory Disease Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks and Audio Signal Analysis
Authors: Praharsha P.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the application of respiratory audio signals for the detection of lung disorders, such as asthma, COPD, and pneumonia, utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Lung disorders frequently generate atypical noises such as wheezes, crackles, and stridor as a result of tracheal and pulmonary problems. Although manual inspection formerly enabled early detection, the intricacy of contemporary diseases demands more accurate diagnostic instruments. This research establishes a system that analyzes audio data, extracts features, and utilizes convolutional neural networks to categorize pulmonary disorders based on respiration sounds. Advanced methodologies such as digital stethoscopes and frequency modulation analysis are employed to segment and scrutinize lung sounds, facilitating the identification of respiratory abnormalities. The technology utilizes machine learning and AI to provide a non-invasive, economical method for identifying conditions such as pneumonia and interstitial lung disease. Despite limitations including hearing interference and data harmonization, this technology possesses significant potential to revolutionize early detection and remote monitoring of lung disorders, enhancing healthcare outcomes in both clinical and resource-limited environments.
Object Detection in Real-time Video
Authors: Kanojia Sahil
Published: November 2024

Object detection in actual-time video is a important challenge in many programs, which includes autonomous driving, surveillance, and human-computer interplay. With the upward push of deep learning, models which include Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have substantially stepped forward detection accuracy, however their excessive computational needs frequently restrict actual-time performance. This paper explores the evolution of item detection techniques, with a focus at the YOLO (You Only Look Once) framework, which addresses the want for both velocity and accuracy in real-time programs. YOLO transforms item detection right into a single regression problem, permitting high frame costs appropriate for actual-time video processing. We take a look at the performance of numerous YOLO variations (YOLOv3, YOLOv4, YOLOv5) in terms of detection accuracy, processing velocity, and computational performance, particularly in useful resource-restricted environments. Additionally, we examine the exchange-offs between speed and accuracy, especially in complicated environments regarding low lighting, occlusion, and ranging item sizes. Furthermore, we check out optimization techniques, such as model pruning, quantization, and hardware acceleration, to beautify YOLO’s actual- time performance. The effects demonstrate that YOLO, with proper optimization, can provide an effective answer for actual- time item detection, balancing pace and accuracy throughout various application situations. We finish by providing upgrades and destiny studies directions to conquer modern limitations and similarly increase the country of real-time item detection
Multi Modal AI-Driven System for Enhanced Neurological Detection Using EEG, Retinal, and Brain Imaging Data
Authors: Shilaskar Prof. Swati
Published: November 2024

This study presents a novel approach to detecting neurological disorders by integrating electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis with retinal scans, brain imaging techniques (MRI and CT), and patient-reported data. The primary objective is to develop an AI-driven diagnostic tool that utilizes multi-modal data fusion and deep learning for feature extraction, significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy and supporting personalized patient profiles. Advanced deep learning architectures are employed to identify meaningful patterns from each data source, while innovative fusion techniques synthesize these patterns to deliver comprehensive assessments. Key outcomes demonstrate substantial improvements in diagnostic precision, early detection capabilities, and real-time monitoring, facilitating timely clinical decision support. Validation through extensive testing on diverse datasets confirms a marked increase in diagnostic accuracy. The practical implications of this system include the early and accurate detection of neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and tailored healthcare solutions.