bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Error Detection using EPID-based 3D In Vivo Dose Verification for Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: huang jianghua , Hu Jinyan , Lu Huanping , Liu Shijie , Gong Fengying , Wu Xiuxiu , Liu Yimin , Shi Juntian
Published: January 2022

Purpose Due to the high doses per fraction and very sharp dose gradients in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), any errors occur during treatment delivery have a greater radiological impact on patients than in conventional treatment schemes. The current study investigates the efficacy of an EPID-based 3D in vivo dosimetry verification system for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SBRT for lung cancer. Methods To investigate the error detectability effectiveness of the iViewDose TM software, thirty errors were intentionally introduced, consisting of dynamic and constant machine errors, to simulate the possible errors that may occur during delivery. The dynamic errors included errors in the output, gantry angle and MLC positions related to gantry inertial and gravitational effects, while the constant errors included errors in the collimator angle, jaw positions, central leaf positions, setup shift and thickness to simulate patient weight loss. These error plans were delivered to a CIRS phantom using the VMAT-SBRT technique for lung cancer. Following irradiation of the error plans, the reconstruction dose distribution calculated by a back-projection algorithm using an EPID image was compared with the original plan dose calculated by the treatment planning system. Results All errors caused by the central leaf positions, setup shifts and patient anatomical changes were successfully detected. Dynamic MLC errors could be distinguished in the 2-5 mm scenarios, but not in the 1 mm scenario. Jaw movements of 5 mm inwards could be detected, but jaw movements outwards could not be detected for all indicator types. However, output errors were not detected with a 1-5% dynamic change which may due to sinusoidal function reduces the magnitude of errors. Dynamic gantry angle and collimator angle errors were not detected in the lung case due to the rotation-symmetric target shape. It was shown that, if the gantry and collimator angle errors are not included, 13 out of 21 (61.9%) and 14 out of 21 (66.7%) errors can be detected by the [[EQUATION]] and [[EQUATION]] indicators, respectively. Conclusions In summary, commercial software iViewDose TM is a suitable approach for detecting most kinds of clinical errors in 3D in vivo dose verification for lung cancer SBRT.
Decentralizing Oxygen Availability and Use at Primary Care Level for Children Under-Five with Severe Pneumonia an Experience from 12 Health Centers in Ethiopia: A Pre-Post Non-Experimental Study Design
Authors: Tolla Habtamu Seyoum , Woyessa Dinkineh Bikila , Balkewu Rahel Belete , Asemere Yigeremu Abebe , Fekadu Zinabie Feleke , Belete Alemayehu , Gartley Martha , Battu Audrey , Lam Felix , Desale Alebel Yaregal
Published: January 2022

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of all deaths in children under the age of five. Hypoxemia is a major cause of death in patients suffering from pneumonia. There is strong evidence that using pulse oximetry and having reliable oxygen sources in health care facilities can reduce deaths due to pneumonia by one-third. Despite its importance, hypoxemia is frequently overlooked in resource-constrained settings. Aside from the limited availability of pulse oximetry, evidence showed that healthcare workers did not use it as frequently to generate evidence-based decisions on the need for oxygen therapy. As a result, the goal of this study was to assess the availability of medical oxygen devices, operating manuals, guidelines, healthcare workers' knowledge, and skills in the practice of hypoxemia diagnosis and oxygen therapy in piloted health centers of Ethiopia. A pre-post non-experimental study design was employed. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data and review medical record charts. A chi-square test with a statistical significance level of P<0.05 was used as a cut-off point for claiming statistical significance. Eighty-one percent of healthcare workers (HCWs) received oxygen therapy training, up from 6% at baseline. As a result of the interventions, the knowledge for example pulse oximetry uses and oxygen therapy provision, skill such as proper reading and interpretation of the reading of saturation and pulse, and practice of oxygen therapy has significantly improved among health care workers in the piloted HCs. In terms of availability of oxygen supply devices (cylinder, concentrator, and pulse oximetry) in the facilities, more than half of the facilities 7(58%) did not have any at baseline, but due to the interventions, all facilities were equipped with the oxygen devices. Given the prevalence of pneumonia and hypoxemia, a lack of access to oxygen delivery devices, as well as a lack of knowledge and skill among HCWs in the administration of oxygen therapy, may represent an important and reversible barrier to improved child survival. Therefore, scaling up clinician training, technical support, availability of oxygen devices, guidelines, manuals, strengthening maintenance schemes, and close monitoring of HCWs and health facilities is strongly advised.
Electrochemical Technologies for the Abatement of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
Authors: Raj Rishabh , Das Swati , Das Sovik , Ghangrekar Makarand Madhao
Published: January 2022

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a class of emerging contaminants capable of interfering with the normal hormonal functioning of humans and other organisms. Even minute concentrations of EDCs in natural receiving water bodies can be minacious and are raising concern globally due to their connection with rising cases in reproductive, immune system, and developmental-related health disorders. These EDCs are released from anthropogenic sources and are routinely detected in the natural environment especially in wastewater. Incapacitated by poor infrastructure and design, conventional wastewater treatment facilities fail to satisfactorily remove the recalcitrant organic pollutants like, parabens, phenols, pesticides, etc., making them one of the biggest sources of EDCs discharged into the environment. Neoteric techniques such as, electrochemical oxidation, electro-Fenton process, electrocoagulation, and other electrochemical technologies (ETs) have emerged as a robust technology for eliminating biorefractory contaminants from different effluents. The setups used in ETs are easy to fabricate, require low chemical additions, produce minimal sludge, and their faster/efficient degradation of recalcitrant compounds give them an edge over their conventional counterparts. However, expensive electrodes and substantial power consumption limit the scale-up application of ETs. Thus, this review attempts to present a holistic view of the applicability and feasibility of ETs with respect to EDCs attenuation from contaminated water and their advancement as a mainstream wastewater management technology.
Intern Healthcare Students’ Correlation Between Their Career Adaptability and Ability to Manage Emotions During the COVID -19 Pandemic
Authors: Tavsanli Nurgül Güngör , Nehir Sevgi
Published: January 2022

Bacground: The study was conducted to determine the correlate between intern nursing, midwifery, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, and social work healthcare students' career adaptability and their ability to manage emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: The sample of this correlational design study consisted of 219 students (nurse, midwifery, social work and physiotherapy and rehabilitation) studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences Undergraduate Program of a University in the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. The study data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Career Adapt-Ability Scale (CAAS) and Courtauld Emotion Control Scale (CECS). The data obtained were analyzed by using the independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation tests. The variables included in the regression models were those reporting correlations and those the literature showed as relevant in the analysis.Results: In the study, the participants were determined to tend to suppress and avoid expressing their emotions. Two models contribute to the explained variance of CAAS and CECS regarding COVID-19 with over 50%, and career planning regarding during COVID-19 was explained by 5.1%.Conclusion: The results suggest that male students and social work students should be encouraged during their university education that they could find a job after graduation. It is recommended that students' hope should be enhanced and the topic emotional control should be included in education programs.
Heart Rate Variability Measurement and Mental Model Building Based on Body Area Networks
Authors: Luo Jiasai , Su Yiwei , Lu Yi , Zhang Guo , Pang Yu , Wang Yuanfa , Wang Huiqian , Cui Kunfeng , Jiang Yuhao , Huang Zhiwei
Published: January 2022

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a specific quantitative indicator of autonomic nerve regulation of the heart. The research of HRV can quantify the changes of human mental state. In this paper, an improved differential threshold method was proposed for R wave detection and recognition of ECG signals. The recognition rate was improved by improving the starting position of R wave and the time window function of the traditional differential threshold method. The experimental platform in this paper is a wearable sign monitoring system constructed based on body area networks (BAN) technology. Experimental results showed that the recognition rate of R wave of real-time 5min ECG data collected by this algorithm was more than 99%. Then, analytic hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to construct the mental stress assessment model, and the weight judgment matrix was constructed according to the influence degree of HRV analysis parameters on mental stress, and the consistency check was carried out to obtain the weight value of the corresponding HRV analysis parameters. Finally, comparative experiment proved that the model can describe the mental stress of the body quantitatively.
Estimation of child undernutrition for spatiodemographic small domains in Bangladesh An application of multilevel Bayesian model
Authors: Das Sumonkanti , Baffour Bernard , Richardson Alice
Published: January 2022

Micro-level statistics on child undernutrition are highly prioritized by stakeholders for measuring and monitoring progress on the sustainable development goals. In this regard district-representative data were collected in the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019 for identifying localised disparities. However, district-level estimates of undernutrition indicators - stunting, wasting and underweight - remain largely unexplored. This study aims to estimate district-level prevalence of these indicators as well as to explore their disparities at sub-national (division) and district level spatio-demographic domains cross-classified by children sex, age-groups, and place of residence. Bayesian multilevel models are developed at the sex-age-residence-district level, accounting for cross-sectional, spatial and spatio-demographic variations. The detailed domain-level predictions are aggregated to higher aggregation levels, which results in numerically consistent and reasonable estimates when compared to the design-based direct estimates. Spatio-demographic distributions of undernutrition indicators indicate south-western districts have lower vulnerability to undernutrition than north-eastern districts, and indicate significant inequalities within and between administrative hierarchies, attributable to child age and place of residence. These disparities in undernutrition at both aggregated and disaggregated spatio-demographic domains can aid policymakers in the social inclusion of the most vulnerable to meet the sustainable development goals by 2030.
Association of Eyelid Disorders and Ocular Motility Disorders in Pediatric Age: an Epidemiologic Analysis. A Multicenter Retrospective Study.
Authors: Ripa Matteo , Cuffaro Giovanni , Pafundi Pia Clara , Valente Paola , Battendieri Remo , Buzzonetti Luca , Mattei Roberta , Rizzo Stanislao , Savino Gustavo
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and type of strabismus, ptosis and eyelid dynamic disorders features, to assess the prevalence of refractive errors, amblyopia and the association with ocular/systemic syndromes in a cohort of patients.Methods: Retrospective observational multicenter cohort study enrolling patients with coexisting ocular motility disorders, comitant and incomitant strabismus, ptosis and dynamic eyelid disorders who have never undergone surgery.Results: 137 out of 19.089 patients were enrolled, of which 97 with uniocular and 40 with binocular disease. Isolated congenital ptosis was observed in 84 patients. A polymalformative syndrome was present in almost one third of cases. There was a slight prevalence of esotropia; most patients were hypermetropic. In monocular disease, myopia affected prevalently older patients, who had worse ptosis margin reflex distance and levator function, and significantly higher astigmatism. Amblyopia occurred in 67.4% of the study sub-population. In monocular disease amblyopia was mild in 25.8%, moderate in 24.2% and severe in 11.3%. In binocular disease was mild in 25%, moderate in 41.7% and severe in 16.7%.Conclusions: All patients with coexisting eyelid and ocular motility disfunctions in pediatric age need ophthalmologic and systemic evaluation to accurately assess amblyopia, refractive errors and systemic/ocupollar disorders.
Hiccups and Acute Symptomatic Hyponatremia: A Rare Manifestation of COVID-19.
Authors: Pandey Praveen Kumar , Pandey Divya
Published: January 2022

We report a rare case of a COVID-19 patient presenting with very unusual symptoms.A 62-year-old male presented to ED with complaints of headache, nausea, vomiting, and intractable hiccups for the last 2 days. Labs showed that he had profound hyponatremia (Na+ 103 mEq/L) and hypokalemia (K+ 2.3 mEq/L). And RT-PCR was positive for COVID-19.He was treated with IV bolus of 3% Normal Saline and continuous infusion thereafter. The patient was discharged after 8 days when the electrolytes returned to normal and symptoms resolved.
Treatment of Massive Hemoptysis After Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Morimura Fumio , Hamamoto Kohei , Edo Hiromi , Ishida Osamu , Tsustsumi Koji , Tamada Soichiro , Kuwamura Hiroshi , Enjoji Yasuhiro , Suyama Yohsuke , Sugiura Hiroaki , Watanabe Sadahiro , Ozaki Ippei , Shinmoto Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Background: Massive hemoptysis after thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) repair is a rare but potentially lethal condition. Endovascular management a challenging treatment option due to the complexity of culprit vessel access.Case presentation: An 81-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with massive hemoptysis. She had a history of graft replacement and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for dissecting TAA. Computed tomography (CT) showed massive atelectasis with hematoma in the left lower lung lobe adjacent to the descending aortic aneurysm treated with TEVAR. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a pseudoaneurysm and proliferation of abnormal vessels at the peripheral side of the left pulmonary ligament artery (PLA) in the atelectasis. The PLA continued to the right subscapular artery via a complex collateral pathway. Diagnostic angiography of the right subcapsular artery revealed a pseudoaneurysm and abnormal vessels at the peripheral side of the left PLA with a systemic-pulmonary artery shunt. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for the left PLA via the collateral pathway with N-butyl cyanoacrylate achieved complete embolization. The patient’s hemoptysis was controlled and she was discharged.Conclusions: Here we presented a case of massive hemoptysis due to PLA disruption that occurred after TAA repair. TAE via a complex collateral pathway is a feasible and effective treatment for hemoptysis, even in patients who have undergone surgical or endovascular TAA repair.
Engineered Non-Covalent Π Interactions as Key Elements for Chiral Recognition
Authors: Jin Ming Yu , Zhen Qianqian , Xiao Dengmengfei , Tao Guanyu , Xing Xiangyou , Yu Peiyuan , Xu Chen
Published: January 2022

Molecular recognition and self-assembly are often mediated by intermolecular forces involving aromatic π-systems. Despite the ubiquity of such interactions in biological systems and in the design of functional materials, the elusive nature of aromatic π interaction results in that they have been seldom used as a design element for promoting challenging chemical reactions. Described here is a well-engineered catalytic system into which non-covalent π interactions are directly incorporated. Enabled by a lone pair-π interaction and a π-π stacking interaction operating collectively, efficient chiral recognition is successfully achieved in the long-pursued dihydroxylation-based kinetic resolution. Density functional theory calculations shed light on the crucial role played by the lone pair-π interaction between the carbonyl oxygen of the cinchona alkaloid ligand and the electron-deficient phthalazine π moiety of the substrate in the stereoselectivity-determining transition states. This discovery serves as a proof-of-principle example showing how the weak and unpredictable non-covalent π interactions, if ingeniously designed, could be a powerful guide in attaining highly enantioselective catalysis.
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs); A Promising Approach to Combat SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dahri Mohammad , Sadeghi Mohammad Moein , Abolmaali Samira Sadat
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a critical surface protein called spike protein (S protein), which is the target of many vaccines and drugs developments. Among non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, main protease (Mpro) has drawn much attention to itself for designing antiviral drugs since it is very crucial for the virus replication in host cells. In the first part of the present study, the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), one of the developing nanomaterials in the deformation and consequently inhibition of S protein binding to the receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), is investigated. In this line, various S protein inhibitors were designed virtually, including ZIF, UIO, and IRMOF that their interactions with S protein and were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results revealed that ZIF is the best candidate among the investigated MOFs with the least amount of energy interference with S protein. In the second part, the interaction of three-dimensional (3D) MOFs (such as ZIF, IRMOF, and HKUST) with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was investigated. HKUST had the most potent interaction with Mpro and showed more promise in deforming this protein's secondary structure among all materials tested. Furthermore, we investigated the interaction of HKUST-OH with Mpro to determine the effect of functionalization. The findings of this study could be used in future studies to introduce bioconjugates of MOFs and biological molecules (e.g., antibody or nanobody) or to use MOFs as carriers for antiviral drug delivery.
Development of stepwise m5 tree model to determine the influential factors on rainfall prediction and overcome the greedy problem of its algorithm
Authors: Ghorbani Khalil , Salarijazi Meysam , Ghahreman Nozar
Published: January 2022

Large scale climatic phenomenon which has a delayed effect may be used as important variables for stepwise prediction of rainfall, but the interaction of these signals on the occurrence of rainfall leads to non-linear, complex nature of relations. A model tree is a promising tool for modeling complex systems and recognition of most significant variables. The model tree approach uses a greedy algorithm in which the increased number of variables does not necessarily improve the accuracy of the model, hence the model should be run stepwise. In this study, a stepwise M5 model tree was used in the prediction of annual rainfall in Hashem Abad station, north of Iran, using observed data and 17 climatic signals during the 1985-2019 period to determine the most significant variables. For this purpose, 131017 subsets consisting of 17 members were produced, and the M5 model tree was fitted on each of them. The best combination of variables with the highest accuracy simulated the rainfall with 36mm error (less them 5-6%) and a correlation coefficient of 94%. Among the climatic signals, the Sun Spot (SP) was placed in tree root (most significant), the Nino 4, EA and NAO were ranked as the other significant predictors respectively. The results also indicated that due to the nature of rainfall variations and the greedy algorithm of the M5 model, it is necessary to perform stepwise modeling. The delayed effects of teleconnections may be considered as a suitable feature for early prediction of next year's rainfall and capturing the inter-annual variation.
Optimization of ACF-DSR-based joint Doppler shift and SNR estimator for Internet of Vehicle system
Authors: Wen Jiangang , Yan Lei , Feng Xiaofei , Ni Zhengwei , Hua Jingyu , Xu Zhijiang
Published: January 2022

Accurate vehicle speed estimation is required for intelligent internet of vehicles, and it can be realized by Doppler shift estimation in mobile communication. In this paper, the ACF(autocorrelation function)-DSR(double sampling rate) method for joint Doppler shift and SNR estimation is further investigated. Based on the analysis of ACF, an improved algorithm model taking into account of estimation deviation is formulated. Then, the effects of sampling intervals in DSR are figured out by mean square error analysis of estimation, and two better choices are obtained. By Monte Carlo simulations, it is demonstrated that the optimized ACF-DSR method with better choice of sampling intervals can achieve better estimation and outperform previous methods.
A Non-covalent KRASG12D Allele Specific Inhibitor Demonstrates Potent Inhibition of KRAS-dependent Signaling and Regression of KRASG12D-mutant Tumors
Authors: Christensen James , Hallin Jill , Bowcut Vickie , Calinisan Andrew , Briere David , Hargis Lauren , Engstrom Lars , Laguer Jade , Medwid James , Vanderpool Darin , Lifset Ella , Trinh David , Hoffman Natalie , Wang Xiaolun , Lawson J. , Gunn Robin , Smith Christopher , Thomas Nicole , Martinson Matthew , Bergstrom Alex , Sullivan Francis , Bouhana Karyn , Winski Shannon , He Leo , Julio Fernandez-Banet , Pavlicek Adam , Haling Jacob , Rahbaek Lisa , Marx Matthew , Olson Peter
Published: January 2022

The ability to effectively target mutated KRAS has remained elusive despite decades of research. The recent identification of KRASG12C inhibitors has provided an effective treatment option for patients harboring this particular mutation and has also provided insight toward targeting other KRAS mutants, including KRASG12D. MRTX1133 was identified via a structure-based drug design (SBDD) strategy as a potent, selective, and non-covalent KRASG12D inhibitor directed at the switch II binding pocket. MRTX1133 demonstrated a high-affinity interaction with KRASG12D with KD or IC50 values each determined at ~0.2 pM or <2 nM using SPR direct binding or HTRF competition assays, respectively. MRTX1133 also demonstrated ~700-fold selectivity for KRASG12D vs KRASWT binding utilizing SPR. Interestingly, MRTX1133 demonstrated potent inhibition of active KRASG12D using an HTRF effector interaction assay with a IC50 value of 9 nM. Insight toward the structural basis of binding of MRTX1133 to both the inactive GDP-bound and active GMPPCP-bound conformations of KRASG12D is also provided by co-crystal structures. MRTX1133 demonstrated potent inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell viability in KRASG12D-mutant cell lines with median IC50 values of ~5 nM. Consistent with binding affinity determination in cell-free systems, MRTX1133 demonstrated >1000-fold selectivity for inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in KRASG12D-mutant cell lines compared with KRASWT cell lines. Dose-dependent inhibition of KRAS-mediated signal transduction was also observed in multiple KRASG12D-mutant tumor models in vivo. MRTX1133 demonstrated marked tumor regression (>30%) in a subset of KRASG12D-mutant cell line- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, including 8 out of 11 (73%) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models evaluated. Pharmacological studies and CRISPR-based screens demonstrated co-targeting KRASG12D in concert with putative feedback or bypass pathways including EGFR and PI3Kα led to enhanced anti-tumor activity relative to targeting each individual protein. Together, these data indicate the feasibility of utilizing SBDD approaches to selectively target alternative KRAS mutant variants with non-covalent, high-affinity small molecules targeting either the active or inactive state of KRAS. In addition, these data illustrate the therapeutic susceptibility and broad dependence of KRASG12D mutation-positive tumors, including PDAC, on KRAS for tumor cell growth and survival.
UV-Chemometric Method Development for Resolving The Overlapped Spectra of Aspirin, Caffeine and Orphenadrine Citrate in Their Ternary Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: sebaiy mahmoud , Mattar Amr A. , El-Adl Sobhy M.
Published: January 2022

A simple, specific, accurate and precise UV-chemometric methods have been developed for the analysis of aspirin, caffeine and orphenadrine citrate in their ternary mixture form without prior separation. CLS, PLS and PCR were developed for simultaneous determination of the three drugs together by using different sets of data in which better results were produced. Unfortunately, PLS method was the only method which was able to determine them accurately. The validity of these chemometric methods has been carried out by 8 synthetic mixtures for determination of the power of prediction for each method. Latent variable number is different from one model to another with changing the set of data. Predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were used for comparison between different methods and for determination the predictive power of each set of data. In addition, statistical comparison between the proposed chemometric methods was performed.
Towards An Integrated Blood Pressure Self-Monitoring SolutIoN for Stroke/TIA in Ireland: A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study for the TASMIN5S IRL Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Doogue Roisin , Hayes Peter , Hebert Robin , Sheikhi Ali , Rai Tanvi , Morton Kate , Roman Cristian , McManus Richard J , Glynn Liam G
Published: January 2022

Background
Optimising Blood Pressure (BP) control is one of the most important modifiable risk factors in preventing subsequent stroke where the risk increases by one-third for every 10 mmHg rise in systolic BP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of blood pressure self-monitoring with planned medication titration, in patients with a previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).
Methods
Patients with a history of stroke/TIA and sub-optimal BP control, were invited to take part in a mixed methods feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial. Those meeting the inclusion criteria with systolic BP >130 mmHg, were randomised to a self-monitoring intervention group or usual care group. The intervention involved self-monitoring BP twice a day for 3 days within a 7-day period, every month, following text message reminders. Treatment escalation, based on a pre-agreed plan by the General Practitioner (GP) and patient, was initiated according to the results of these readings. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with patients and clinicians, and analysed thematically.
Results
Of those identified, 47% (32/68) attended for assessment. Of those assessed, 15 were eligible for recruitment and were consented and randomised to the intervention or control group on a 2:1 basis. Of those randomised, 93% (14/15) completed the study and there were no adverse events. Systolic BP was lower in the intervention group at 3 months. Participants found the intervention acceptable and easy to use. GPs found it easy to incorporate into their practice activity without increasing workload.
Conclusions
TASMIN5S, an integrated blood pressure self-monitoring intervention in patients with a previous stroke/ TIA is feasible and safe to deliver in primary care. A pre-agreed three step medication titration plan was easily implemented, increased patient involvement in their care, and had no adverse effects. This feasibility study provides important information to inform a definitive trial to determine the potential effectiveness of the intervention in patients post stroke or TIA.
Trial Registration:
ISRCTN57946500, registered on the 12/08/2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN57946500
The Effect of Salvia Officinalis Disinfectant on Biological Characteristics
Authors: Alsewidi Wsan Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and methyl methacrylate have been the most frequently utilized polymers in acrylic resin manufacturing (MMA). Bioactivity is extremely important in restorative dentistry as well as other composite resins. Methods: The bioactivity of the substances was determined by comparing them to the control materials. Rabbits were implanted subcutaneously. A total of fifty samples are produced, with five samples for every one of the five time intervals. A biological investigation Following One day, three days, one week, two weeks, then four weeks, incision tissues are obtained. On a microscopic level, with the progression of such a tissue response in connection to the infection, the number of inflammatory cells was employed as a metric. Stuff that has been thoroughly examined in contrast to the reference, the biological characteristics of the prepared material are assessed. Acrylic resin is used as a prosthesis basis, samples were divided into two categories: Group1: Poly methyl methacrylate + methyl methacrylate as a control group. Group 2: Is made up of 75% poly methyl methacrylate and 25% salvia officinalis extracts as experiment. Results: The average score numbers of the study and positive control sections did not change significantly following three, one week, two weeks, or four weeks. Conclusion: Salvia Officinalis Extracts is biocompatible comparable to that of methyl methacrylate.
Analysis and verification of the molecular mechanism of Evodia in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: He Yingchun , Xu Runshi , Yang Ximing , Tao Yangyang , Luo Wang , Xiong Yu , He Lan , Zhou FangLiang
Published: January 2022

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a neoplasm of the head and neck, with the highest incidence and mortality rates occurring in East and Southeast Asia. Evodia rutaecarpa is a tree that is native to Korea and China, and its fruit (hereafter referred to as Evodia) exhibits remarkable antitumor properties. However, little is known about its mechanism of action in NPC. In this study, we employed network pharmacology to identify targets of the active Evodia compounds in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and generate an interaction network.Methods: The active ingredients of Evodia and the targets for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were obtained from multiple databases, and an interaction network was constructed via the Cytoscape and STRING databases. The key biological processes and signaling pathways were predicted using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking technology was used to identify the affinity and activity of target genes, while The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to analyze differential expression. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI dual fluorescence staining were used for experimental verification.Results: Active Evodia compounds included quercetin, isorhamnetin, and evodiamine, and important nasopharyngeal carcinoma targets included MAPK14, AKT1, RELA, MAPK1, JUN, and p53, whose content in the lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways was also high. Additionally, we verified the high affinity and activity of the active compounds through molecular docking, and the target proteins were verified using immunohistochemistry and differential expression analyses. Furthermore, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide dual-fluorescence staining verified that isorhamnetin inhibited the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and induced apoptosis, respectively.Conclusion: These results elucidated the molecular mechanism of Evodia and demonstrated its ability to alter the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through multiple targets and pathways, thereby providing evidence for its clinical application.
Analytical method validation for assay determination of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp oil infused products by RP-HPLC
Authors: Moore Eric , Analakkattillam Sandhyarani , Langsi Victor , Hanrahan John
Published: January 2022

A simple quantitative reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for assay determination of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp oil infused products. The RP-HPLC method was developed and optimized for the mobile phase composition, flow rate, column selection and detector wavelength. An isocratic elution of samples performed on SOLAS™ 100 Å C18 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm column with a mobile phase containing 75/25 acetonitrile/water v/v, delivered at a flow rate 1.5 mL/minutes to an Ultraviolet – Visible (UV/Vis) detector using 214 nm. The RP-HPLC method was validated to meet regulatory requirements and covers specificity, accuracy, range, linearity, precision, system suitability and robustness. The validated assay test method was applied successfully to quantify cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in commercial hemp oil infused products such as tablets, soft gel capsules, plant extract oils, oral drops, tincture, and beverage enhancers. All test results were found acceptable as per ICH guidelines, and this confirmed that the method is fit for its intended use in regular quality control and assay of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp oil infused products.
Altered tRNA dynamics during translocation on slippery mRNA as determinant of spontaneous ribosome frameshifting
Authors: Poulis Panagiotis , Patel Anoshi , Rodnina Marina , Adio Sarah
Published: January 2022

When reading consecutive mRNA codons, ribosomes move by exactly one triplet at a time to synthesize a correct protein. Some mRNA tracks, called slippery sequences, are prone to ribosomal frameshifting, because the same tRNA can read both 0- and –1-frame codon. Using smFRET we show that during EF-G-catalyzed translocation on slippery sequences a fraction of ribosomes switches from rapid, accurate translation to a slow, frameshifting-prone translocation mode where the movements of peptidyl- and deacylated tRNA become uncoupled. While deacylated tRNA translocates rapidly, pept-tRNA continues to fluctuate between chimeric and posttranslocation states, which slows down the re-locking of the small ribosomal subunit head domain. After rapid release of deacylated tRNA, pept-tRNA gains unconstrained access to the –1-frame triplet, resulting in slippage followed by recruitment of the –1-frame aa-tRNA into the A site. Our data show how altered choreography of tRNA and ribosome movements reduces the translation fidelity of ribosomes translocating in a slow mode.
SVision: A deep learning approach to resolve complex structural variants
Authors: Ye Kai , Lin Jiadong , Wang Songbo , Audano Peter , Flores Jacob , Kosters Walter , Yang Xiaofei , Jia Peng , Marschall Tobias , Beck Christine
Published: January 2022

Complex structural variants (CSVs) encompass multiple breakpoints and are often missed or misinterpreted by state-of-the-art variant detection algorithms. We developed SVision, a deep-learning based multi-object recognition framework, to automatically detect and characterize CSVs from long-read data. SVision outperforms current variant callers at identifying internal structure of complex events and revealed 80 high-quality CSVs with 25 distinct structures from an individual genome. SVision directly detects CSVs without pattern matching against a database of known structures, allowing sensitive detection of both common and previously uncharacterized complex rearrangements.
Extracellular enzyme activities in tropical soils are driven by seasonal litter input
Authors: Schaap Karst Jacob , Fuchslueger Lucia , Quesada Carlos Alberto , Hofhansl Florian , Valverde-Barrantes Oscar , Camargo Plinio , Hoosbeek Marcel R.
Published: January 2022

Background
It is relatively unknown if and how seasonal fluctuations of tropical microbial activity affect soil nutrient availability. In tropical forests, nutrient economics are often considered to be centered around phosphorus, which might be a limiting factor to sustain crucial ecosystem processes, such as primary production and decomposition of organic material, thus in turn affecting microbial processes and associated nutrient dynamics of the forest ecosystem.
Aims
We investigate seasonal fluctuations in extracellular hydrolytic soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients and its relationship with precipitation and litterfall input, in a lowland tropical forest in the Central Amazon region.
Methods
We analyzed data obtained from monitoring microbial enzyme activity and nutrient dynamics in litter and soil and use stoichiometric enzyme theory and proportional vectors for assessing relative nutrient limitation throughout a year.
Results
Our results show that precipitation seasonality was driving leaf litterfall, which was subsequently synchronized with extracellular enzyme activities in soil, such that both litterfall and enzyme activities peaked during the dry season.
Conclusions
Our study indicates that soil extractable nutrient concentrations were positively related to microbial enzyme activities, which thus highlights the importance of soil microbial processes for nutrient cycling in this phosphorus limited ecosystem. Our results suggest that projected shifts in climate seasonality that result in longer and more pronounced dry seasons, might desynchronize seasonal patterns of aboveground nutrient input and belowground microbial activity, and thus leading to a decoupling of nutrient cycling in tropical forest ecosystems.
Interdecadal Wind Stress Variability Over the Tropical Pacific Causes ENSO Diversity in an Intermediate Coupled Model
Authors: Hu Junya , Wang Hongna , Gao Chuan , Zhou Lu , Zhang Rong-Hua
Published: January 2022

The role of interdecadal wind stress variability in the genesis of ENSO diversity is examined by using an intermediate coupled model (ICM) in the tropical Pacific; two types of experiments are performed, one with the original ICM, and the other with interdecadal wind stress (τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒) effect is explicitly represented. The τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 component is derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset as follows. First, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is used to extract the interdecadal component of wind stress anomalies on about a 10-40yr timescale. Next, an idealized interdecadal cycle of τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 is reconstructed by a principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis based on the EEMD-extracted interdecadal wind component. A 110-yr model integration is then performed by explicitly incorporating the reconstructed τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 cycle into the ICM. Compared with the regular interannual oscillation in the original ICM, the simulated ENSO events become highly irregular with decadal variations in the amplitude and asymmetry when the τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 effect is included. Especially, the model reproduces different types of El Niño and La Niña events with different spatial distribution and temporal evolution of SST anomalies, namely Eastern-Pacific (EP) and Central-Pacific (CP) types. Further attribution analyses are performed to understand the modulating effects of τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 in the tropical Pacific using the ocean component of the ICM, forced by the added τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 effect. Two different roles of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in modulating different El Niño and La Niña events are illustrated. On the one hand, the IPO favors for the emergence of the EP type of El Niño and La Niña events, in association with the initial anomaly signals 3 occurring in the eastern equatorial Pacific, which are absent in the original ICM. On the other hand, the IPO tends to shift the El Niño/La Niña events to an CP type, with which the SST anomalies propagate eastward along the equator but cannot extend into the eastern boundary. This simple modeling study highlights the significant contributions of interdecadal wind variability to the genesis of ENSO irregularity and diversity theoretically.
LGG subtypes based on the activity changes of immunologic and hallmark gene sets in cancer
Authors: Chen Sihan
Published: January 2022

Purpose: When glioma is in WHO grade II-III, glioma is of low grade. Gliomas in this period have the opportunity for surgical treatment and can be treated with a range of targeted therapies to enhance patient survival. Methods: In this study, we downloaded low-grade glioma data from TCGA database and GSEA database. Cancer subtypes were classified by GSVA enrichment method.Results: By GSVA enrichment analysis, we obtain three low-grade gliomas (LGG) cancer subtypes. After further survival prognosis analysis and biological function analysis, we obtained 21 tumor microenvironment gene sets and 17 core genes that affect patients' survival prognosis, and these genes have the potential to become targets for targeted therapies and disease detection.Conclusion: We screened a total of 21 gene sets through a series of enrichment analyses, statistical and prognostic analyses, etc. Among them, 17 core genes were identified, namely: TOP2A, KIF20A, CCNB2, AURKA, KIF11, CDK1, BUB1B, CCNA2, BUB1, CDC20, CDCA8, TPX2, KIF2C, POLA2, POLE2, POLA1 and POLE. TOP2A.
Returning impact of long-range PM2.5 transport over East Asia in 2021 after Chinese economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Yamamura Yuki , Wang Zhe , Uno Itsushi
Published: January 2022

Changes in the aerosol composition of sulfate (SO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) from 2012 to 2019 have been captured as a paradigm shift in the region downwind of China. Specifically, SO42− dramatically decreased and NO3− dramatically increased over downwind locations such as western Japan due to the faster reduction of SO2 emissions than NOx emissions and the almost constant trend of NH3 emissions from China. Emissions from China sharply decreased during COVID-19 lockdowns in February–March 2020, after which China’s economic situation seemed to recover going into 2021. Given this substantial change in Chinese emissions, it is necessary to clarify the impact of long-range PM2.5 transport over East Asia. In this study, ground-based aerosol compositions observed at three sites in western Japan were analysed. The concentrations of PM2.5, SO42− and NO3− decreased in 2020 (during COVID-19) compared with 2018–2019 (before COVID-19). In 2021 (after COVID-19), PM2.5 and NO3− increased and SO42− was unchanged. This suggests the returning impact of long-range PM2.5 transport in 2021. From numerical simulations, the status of Chinese emissions during COVID-19 did not explain this returning impact in 2021. This study shows that the status of Chinese emissions in 2021 was close to that before COVID-19.
Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Two Novel Glucanases Derived from Sheep Rumen Microbiota
Authors: Gao De-ying , Sun Xiao-bao , Fang Ying , He Bo , Wang Jun-hong , Liu Jian-xin , Wang Jia-kun , Wang Qian
Published: January 2022

β-Glucanases are a suite of glycoside hydrolases that depolymerize β-glucan into cellooligosaccharides and/or monosaccharides and have been widely used as feed additives in livestock. In this study, two novel glucanase genes, IDSGluc5-26 and IDSGluc5-37, derived from sheep rumen microbiota, were expressed and functionally characterized. The optimal temperatures/pH of recombinant IDSGLUC5-26 and IDSGLUC5-37 were 50°C/5.0 and 40°C/6.0, respectively. Notably, IDSGLUC5-26 showed considerable stability under acidic conditions. Both IDSGLUC5-26 and IDSGLUC5-37 showed the highest activities toward barley β-glucan, with Vmax values of 89.96 ± 9.19 µmol/min/mg and 459.50 ± 25.02 µmol/min/mg, respectively. Additionally, these two glucanases demonstrated hydrolysis of barley β-glucan and Icelandic moss lichenan, IDSGLUC5-26 releasing cellobiose (G2; occupying 17.37% of total reducing sugars), cellotriose (G3; 23.97%), and cellotetraose (G4; 30.93%) from β-glucan and lichenan after 10 min and suggestive of a typical endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC.3.2.1.4). In contrast, IDSGLUC5-37 was capable of liberating dominant G3 (64.11% or 67.55%) from β-glucan or lichenan, suggesting that the enzyme was likely an endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanases/lichenase (EC3.2.1.73). These findings describe the expression and characterization of two novel glucanase genes from sheep rumen microbiota. The two recombinant enzymes, particularly the acid-adapted IDSGLUC5-26, will be of interest for potential application in food-/feed-additive development.
Interaction Between Sex and Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling and Its Association with Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Kuneman Jurrien H. , Butcher Steele C. , Stassen Jan , Singh Gurpreet K. , Pio Stephan M. , Kley Frank van der , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Knuuti Juhani , Bax Jeroen J. , Delgado Victoria
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Women with severe aortic stenosis (AS) have better long-term prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared to men. Whether this is caused by sex-related differences in left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling after TAVI is unknown.
Methods

Patients with severe AS who underwent transfemoral TAVI between 2007 and 2018 were selected. LV dimensions, volumes, and ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography before TAVI and at 6 and 12 months follow-up after TAVI. LV reverse remodeling was defined as the percentual LV mass index (LVMi) reduction compared to baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.
Results

A total of 459 patients (80±8 years; 52% male) were included. At 6 and 12 months follow-up, both sexes showed significant reductions in LV volumes and LVMi accompanied by improvement in LVEF, without significant differences between the sexes over time. During a median follow-up of 2.8 [IQR 1.9-4.3] years, 181 (39%) patients died. Women showed better outcomes compared to men (log-rank p=0.024). In addition, male sex was independently associated with all-cause mortality in multivariable Cox regression (HR 1.423, 95% CI: 1.039-1.951, p=0.028). No association was observed between the interaction of percentual LVMi reduction and sex with outcomes (p=0.64).
Conclusion

Men and women with severe AS had similar improvement in LVEF, and similar reduction in LV volumes and LVMi at 6 and 12 months after TAVI. Women showed better survival after TAVI as compared to men. The superior outcomes noted in women after TAVI are not associated with sex differences in LV reverse remodeling.