bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euclidean Distance Based Similarity Measurement and Ensuing Ranking Scheme for Document Search from Outsourced Cloud Data
Authors: Et.al S.N. Manoharan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we propose the Euclidean Distance based Similarity Measurement and Ensuing Ranking (EDSMER) scheme to aid effective document search from outsourced cloud data. It is another attempt to find an alternative to binary based approaches. In this approach, the User or the Data owner needs to filter out the suitable keywords for the document and then the index is prepared. To provide security and privacy, both the data and the index are encrypted and moved to the cloud space. The application of Euclidean Distance based Similarity Measurement and Ensuing Ranking (EDSMER) scheme for document searching takes place after the authorized user requests for the documents through query terms. Initially the authorized user sends a query to Cloud Service Provider to retrieve all the documents which are mapped with the keywords provided by him. The proposed algorithm calculates the distance between the query terms and the index terms. The minimum the distance, the more it is closer towards each other and vice-versa.  Our Euclidean Distance based Similarity Measurement and Ensuing Ranking (EDSMER) scheme greatly enhances the system functionality by sending the most relevant documents instead of transmitting all documents back. The experimental validations are performed on RFC and FIRE dataset. Through experimental analysis, we prove that our proposed approach is secure and efficient as well as exhibits better recall and precision rate in the IR system to deal with the document-retrieval process.
Blockchain Technology: Challenges and Opportunities in the World of Indirect Taxes
Authors: Et.al Suhas Saini
Published: April 2021

Blockchain Technology revolutionize the market of digitization. Blockchain technology has also emerged as a solution in case of indirect taxes also. This technology can transform the tax regime and can contribute majorly to digital India. In GST a registered firm has to file 37 returns during a year, this technology will reduce this burden off the vendors as all the transactions are recorded in real time in block chain , which removes the need of filing any return. Transparency of system will remove all the loopholes from the system and tax evasion will also become impossible which will ultimately lead to reduction in frauds and a tampered proof system. Blockchain has brought a lot of excitement and this technology has shown its potential to transform business. But what this technology could do for the world of indirect tax? This paper will look at the challenges and opportunities that lies ahead for government in the world of indirect taxes.
Factors Affecting Islamic Social Reporting in the Halal Industry Sector
Authors: Budiandru Mr.
Published: April 2021

Islamic social reporting is a measure of Islamic-based social performance reporting in each company. Increased disclosure of Islamic social interpretation will influence investor decisions. This study aims to analyze what factors influence the declaration of Islamic corporate social responsibility. The data used is the annual report of companies registered in the halal industry sector from 2013 to 2018 with 44 selected companies. This study uses a random effect model (REM). The analysis results show that the halal lifestyle, profitability, and leverage are significant in disclosing Islamic corporate social responsibility. Implementation of ISR disclosure as a form of accountability is based on principles and philosophies following Islamic Sharia. Therefore, companies must improve their financial performance to enhance corporate social responsibility disclosure quality, which is very important for stakeholders in investing.
Self-Similar Characteristics of COVID-19 Patient arrival at Healthcare Centre – A Study Using Queuing Models
Authors: Pushpalatha Sarla AM Girija, D.Mallikarjuna Reddy,
Published: April 2021

The entire world is spreading of coronavirus-COVID-19 has increased exponentially across the globe, and still, no vaccine is available for the treatment of patients. The crowd has grown tremendously in the hospitals where the facilities are minimal. The queue theory is applied for the Single-server system and its self-similarity existence in a queue used to identify the queue time, waiting time, and Hurst parameter by different patient arrivals methods Health care center in our local area located in Hosapete, Ballari district, Karnataka. Due to more arrivals to the health care center for the identification and confirmation of disease covid-19. This study paper presents a sequential queuing model for estimating infections' detection and identification in severe loading conditions. The goal is to offer a simplified probabilistic model to determine the general behavior to predict how long the treatment cycle will diagnose and classify people already tested and get negative or positive results. For this type of Method, there are some graphical representations of the various measurement criteria. The modelling results showed that the patient's waiting period in the course of inquiries, detections, detecting, or treating COVID-19 in the event of imbalances in the system as a whole rise following the logarithm rule.
Machine Learning based novel Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening
Authors: Et. al. Dr. K. SeshadriRamana
Published: April 2021

Man tries to learn his surroundings by showing tendencies such as discovering, researching, asking questions, and noticing the relationships between objects. In other words, he tends to understand the world he lives in with various judgments. Therefore, it is important to raise individuals with advanced reasoning skills, mathematical thinking skills, proofing skills, problem solving skills, metacognitive knowledge, skills or qualifications. It can be said that this can only be possible with the right teaching models, methods, techniques and teachers who can use them in the most efficient way. In this context, the aim of the study is; To determine the difficulties in the preparation process for LGS, which has been implemented in our country since 2018, and the reflections of LGS on mathematics education applied in schools within the framework of the opinions of mathematics teachers and make suggestions accordingly. In the study, the screening model was adopted because it was tried to portray the thoughts of a certain group of participants on a subject. The sample of the study; It consists of 110 mathematics teachers who attended 8th grade classes in the 2018-2019 academic year. The data obtained from teachers' opinions were analyzed by content analysis method. According to this; The predominant opinion is that students have problems in understanding, interpreting, thinking and reasoning in the new examination system, however, because the textbooks and the exam are not parallel, teachers have various difficulties. In this direction, various activities can be organized to increase students' motivation and to gain reading habit. In addition, it is thought that it would be beneficial to provide teachers with in-service training for the exam.
An Adaptive Buffer tradeoff, energy-aware Congestion Control protocol in WSN
Authors: Et. al. M. Sri Lakshmi
Published: April 2021

In a Wireless sensor network, network lifetime plays a vital role, wherein regular communication and sensor nodes are positioned at different points. Nodes energy depletion may lead to communication interruption due to unlimited data flow from one point to another; for adequate communication, Nodes energy should be maximized by arranging cutting-edge techniques such as adaptive buffer switching and congestion control significant role. When the incoming data is more wide-ranging than available resources, a congestion situation arises. It results in energy consumption, loss of packets, buffer overflow, and raises end-to-end delay. In this paper, adaptive buffer switching and Congestion Control management are done effectively. Simultaneously, congestion detects based on residual energy, residual buffer space, and sensor nodes conviction level. This methodology shows based on the evaluation of cost, which selects main and spare buffers adaptively. Dynamic buffer switching and swapping are used to enhance the outcome of congestion. Result of the ABETCC approach is compared with the protocol like TCEER and TFCC compared to the data loss ratio and energy consumption
Classification among Image Enhancement Techniques for Computed Tomography scan by using CancerNet neural network
Authors: Et. al. SatyasangramSahoo
Published: April 2021

Enhancement of cancerous images is a vital section of image preprocessing for Computed Tomography imaging classification. The combination of computer added pictures in X-ray is widely used for medical imaging. Basic enhancement techniques like Pixel wise Enhancements and Local operator based operation on computed Tomography (C.T.) scan are mainly used in preprocessing by using an artificially based model of the medical imaging. The study is focused on selecting the better among basic enhancement methods by using the cancerNet neural network structure. Whereas CancerNet is a widely used Convolutional neural Network structure for classification based study for cancerous medical image.
The Impact of Customer Service, Insurance and Luggage Delivery Towards Logistics Customer Satisfaction in Pandemic Situation
Authors: Et. al. Mohd Fathi Abu Yaziz
Published: April 2021

As the pandemic of Covid 19 has directly affected the business industry, the business model has changed, including the logistics industry, especially the courier company. Courier company has benefited the most during this pandemic situation as the e-commerce business flourished. Enhanced service by courier company is crucial as stiff competition in the industry. Therefore, this study explores the impact of customer service, insurance, and luggage delivery on logistics customer satisfaction. A quantitative method was employed to analyse the effects of enhanced services of customer services, insurance, and luggage delivery towards logistics customer satisfaction, where 384 responses were collected from respondents identified as active users of courier services for the last 12 months. IBM SPSS was used to analyse the response collected using descriptive, reliability and Pearson Correlation analysis. As a result, it is justifiable that customer service, insurance, and luggage delivery positively impact logistics customer satisfactio
An unknown Transit technique for Solving Generalized Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Transportation Problems using Centroid of Centroids
Authors: Et. al. Indira Singuluri
Published: April 2021

In the present day by day life circumstances TP we habitually face the circumstance of unreliability in addition to unwillingness due to various unmanageable segments. To deal with unreliability and unwillingness multiple researchers have recommended the intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) delineation for material. This paper proposes the approach used by generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy number to solve these transport problem, i.e. capacity and demand are considered as real numbers and charge of transport from origin to destination is considered as generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as charge of product per unit. The generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers ranking function is used on the basis of IFN'S centroid of centroids. Through the traditional optimization process, we generate primary basic feasible solution and foremost solution. The numerical illustration shows efficacy of technique being suggested. A fresh technique is implemented to seek foremost solution using ranking function of a fuzzy TP of generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy number. Without finding a IBFS, this approach explicitly provides optimal solution for GTrIFTP. Finally, for ranking function we apply a proposed GTrIFTP method illustrated Numerical example.
Earnings Management Through Real Activities: The Role Of Audit Quality And Ownership Structure
Authors: Sih Istianing
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of audit quality and ownership structure on earnings management through real activities. The audit quality tested is the size of the public auditor's office and auditor independence. The ownership structure that has been examined for its impact on management management is institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and foreign ownership. Earnings management through real activities is measured by three methods, namely abnormal cash flow from operation (CFO), abnormal discretionary expense, and abnormal production cost. The sample of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2018. With the purposive sampling method, the final sample is 175 company-years. The results showed that auditor quality and ownership structure had no effect on earnings management as measured by abnormal CFO. Meanwhile, abnormal production cost is not proven to be influenced by ownership structure but is negatively affected by audit quality as measured by Auditor Firm size. Ownership structure and audit quality are proven to have an effect on earnings management, which is measured by abnormal discretionary expense.
Enhancing the Accuracy of Multimodal Biometric Systems
Authors: Et. al. Meena Tiwari
Published: April 2021

: Biometric acknowledgment frameworks have progressed altogether in the most recent decade and their utilization in explicit applications will increment sooner rather than later. The capacity to direct important correlations and evaluations will be urgent to fruitful organization and expanding biometric selection. Indeed, even the best methodology and unimodal biometric frameworks couldn't completely address the issue of exactness and execution as far as their bogus acknowledge rate (FAR) and bogus oddball rate (FRR). In spite of the fact that multimodal biometric frameworks had the option to moderate a portion of the restrictions experienced in unimodal biometric frameworks, like non-all inclusiveness, uniqueness, non-adequacy, loud sensor information, parody assaults, and execution, the issue of low exactness actually continues. In this paper, we survey research papers zeroed in on the precision improvement in data combination of face and finger impression biometric acknowledgment frameworks, decide the primary highlights of the chose techniques, and afterward call attention to their benefits and inadequacies. We propose a novel methodology in relieving the issue of exactness and execution of data combination of multimodal biometric frameworks. This methodology utilizes multilayer perceptron neural organizations in preparing and testing of the organization while additionally proposing the utilization of the most well-known utilized unique mark in biometric field.
A characterization of Commutative Semigroups
Authors: Et. al. Dr. D. Mrudula Devi
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with some results on commutative semigroups. We consider (s,.) is externally commutative right zero semigroup is regular if it is intra regular and (s,.) is externally commutative semigroup then every inverse semigroup  is u – inverse semigroup. We will also prove that if (S,.) is a H -  semigroup then weakly cancellative laws hold in H - semigroup. In one case we will take (S,.) is commutative left regular semi group and we will prove that (S,.) is ∏ - inverse semigroup. We will also consider (S,.) is commutative weakly balanced semigroup  and then prove every left (right) regular semigroup is weakly separate, quasi separate and separate. Additionally, if (S,.) is completely regular semigroup we will prove that (S,.) is permutable and weakly separtive. One a conclusing note we will show and prove some theorems related to permutable semigroups and GC commutative Semigroups.
Fibre optic sensor enabled containment zone
Authors: Suman Preetam
Published: April 2021

There are many sensitive areas like country borders, banks, forests, army cantonments, jails which requires continuous monitoring and surveillance. Intruders and illegal elements try to break the security and enter into these areas. In the same way there is another sensitive zone called containment zone required protection to prevent spread of viruses like corona. Every country has established their own protocols to maintain containment zone. Security officials monitored the sensitive areas but still it was not safe enough. In this case there is need of an invisible security mechanism which can be applicable in maintaining movements in containment zones. It will be very important to detect any movement in the sensitive area. Therefore, this paper provides a solution to protect sensitive zones. The solution consists of optical fibre sensor along with reporting and alarming system. The design and implementation is explained in the paper along with results. The proposed solution can be implemented to secure zone for multiple applications.
Cluster and Factorial Analysis Applications in Statistical Methods
Authors: Nemani Ramya
Published: April 2021

Cluster analysis is a mathematical technique in Multivariate Data Analysis which indicates the proper guidelines in grouping the data into clusters.  We can understand the concept with illustrated notations of cluster Analysis and various Clustering Techniques in this Research paper.  Similarity and Dissimilarity measures and Dendogram Analysis will be computed as required measures for Analysis.  Factor analysis technique is useful for understanding the underlying hidden factors for the correlations among the variables.  Identification and isolation of such facts is sometimes important in several statistical methods in various fields. We can understand the importance of the Factor Analysis and major concept with illustrated Factor Analysis approaches.  We can estimated the Basic Factor Modeling and Factor Loadings, and also Factor Rotation process.  Provides the complete application process and approaches of Principal Factor M.L.Factor and PCA comparison of Factor Analysis in this Research paper
Novel approach to determine age and gender from wrist x-ray images
Authors: Et. al. Santosh K C
Published: April 2021

Human gender and age prediction in field of forensic department is a very important and crucial stage in means of criminal and judicial law. Human identification is essential when it required for recognising a body in case of mass disaster and natural disaster like earth quake, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes and other geological process that causes huge damage for mankind and loss of life. Human bones during the growth stages undergo few substantial changes of size and shapes. In diagnosing growth of bones, x ray images are frequently used. Hand x ray images in particular has been chosen as a part of x ray imaging, since hand has more unique features and more number of parts. Manual technique of identification is also attainable, but this process can be adopted when medical practitioners, assistants and basic tools are available. Manual method can be carried out based on the availability of bone like skull, long bones, short bones, hand, pelvis bone etc. It requires ample time to process the accurate outcome of the available samples. Hence hand operated technique is not feasible for identification. A machine driven automated system for gender and age identification is essential to overcome the flaws occurred in manual technique. This would facilitate better outcome in lesser time, without intervention of labour and also enables quantitative and accurate assessments. In the proposed system, we have identified most important features from wrist bone which contributes in age and gender identification. Main aim of our study is to identify gender and estimation of age of Middle East population of Karnataka state in India by analysing digital images of wrist bone. Random forest classification algorithm is used to deploy this system by considering 76 male samples and 50 female samples in total 126 wrist radiographs of age group between 06 to 78 years old. Random forest classifier belongs to decision tree family, each decision tree when executed may tends to overfit that training data, but random forest avoids this over fitting problems and it will try to capture maximum amount of pattern. Since multiple decision trees are implemented in RFC, this makes it a power full classification algorithm that will predict results with higher accuracy most of the time. Accuracy of 97% is achieved in the present work for age and gender prediction.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Travel Time and on Street Parking
Authors: Et. al. Stella Belinda Kartika Putri
Published: April 2021

Research describes the effect of the on-street parking to the travel time of vehicle in crossing the road. The case study from this research is in the Jalan H. Agus Salim Jakarta Pusat, where the location is using the on street parking as the type of the parking system. Research method that we used is license plate method for travel time and parking characteristic survey. We used Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 and linear regression as the based to calculate all the datas. To get the correlation between travel time and on-street parking, we used Correlation Test. With the value of R more than 0,8 it means the relationship between travel time and on-street parking is very strong. And for the result of the relationship between travel time, flow and capacity we get Y = 186,24 + 215,71 X, with a = 0,733. The conclusion from this research is on street parking has strong influence on the travel time of the vehicle to get through to Jalan H. Agus Salim.
Internet Addiction As Correlates To Depression and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Entienza Christ Michael C.
Published: April 2021

Common behavioral problem described as an impulse control disorder which doesn’t include the use of an intoxicating drug very similar to pathological, is known as Internet Addiction, a rampant disorder during the digital age. This study looked into the relationship of internet addiction towards depression and life satisfaction. Two hundred respondents from various courses of a State University were chosen using fishbowl sampling. The Philippine Student Health Questionnaire was administered and 100% test results were retrieved. Results showed that most of the respondents are average users. There are also significant numbers who are problematic and the least were excessive users. Most respondents were suffering from mild depression and worryingly there were respondents having moderately severe and severe depression. For life satisfaction, results shows that most respondents are satisfied while some reported that they are slightly satisfied and least reported are dissatisfied. Statistics showed that there is no significant correlation between internet addiction and life satisfaction; however, there is a positive correlation between internet addiction and depression. Results highly suggests exerting efforts for awareness in regulating proper usage of internet such as time management. For Life Satisfaction, it is suggested to continue and share lifestyle practices which contribute to satisfaction and work on areas that need improvement promoting better life satisfaction.
Paid Academic Services With Mercy And Compassion: Phenomenologizing The Lived Experiences Of Research Mercenaries In The Philippines
Authors: Et. al. Romiro G. Bautista
Published: April 2021

Research, in the midst of internationalization of education, becomes one of the most prolific areas of the criteria for teacher retention and promotion in the academia; however, issues and concerns had sprung since then as to authorship authenticity because of the mushrooming of research mercenaries. This study is designed to explore the indulgence of research mercenaries in their quest of helping their protégées in exchange of reasonable costs. Qualitative data were gathered from the informants’ interview. Data were processed through document trail among the informants to ascertain the veracity of the transcribed responses, reflections, and observations. Thematic analysis revealed four themes on the experiences of research mercenaries: need to augment income, mercy and compassion, professional indulgence, and research, the IN thing to be promoted. It is concluded that research mercenaries are working in a symbiotic manner among their protégées where they adopt them as their academic disciples and this practice will continue to flourish until there is inequity on the capacity of professionals on the academic work and works that they do
Model Of Disability Learning in Islamic Education at Inclusive School Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Et. al. Zulfi Mubaraq
Published: April 2021

Education is the most basic need for every human being, even children with special needs also really need education. Given the importance of education for all, education for children with special needs is facilitated by disability or inclusive-based classes. The inclusive class model as an alternative recommended by the government to serve children with special needs. This study aims to find out the extent of planning, implementation, evaluation, and impact points of learning implementation Islamic education in inclusive schools at Malang city. This research used a qualitative approach, a type of case study with a multi-site study design. The data collected is organized, interpreted, and analyzed in cross-site cases and analyses. research instruments used include interviews, observation, and documentation. The results are Planning standard of islamic education learning in the inclusion class is the same as other schools using the 2013 curriculum which includes syllabus and learning planning. It's just that the special assistant teacher made a design of teaching materials that are appropriate to the situation of each child with special disabilities. Implementation Standard, there are at least many models, including inclusion classes, used regular full inclusion classes with simplified indicators, cluster classes, and pull out using individual learning programs. Evaluation conducted by disability schools is to separate between normal students and those with special disabilities who differ in the description of the indicators. Another model in this school the difference between normal students and those with special needs, the assessment system of students with special needs.
A Cached Based Multipath Load Balancing Technique for Internet of Things Sensor Networks
Authors: Et. al. Ramadevi Chappala
Published: April 2021

By providing intelligent capabilities to objects the physical objects communicate each other without human intervention in Internet of Things (IoT) environment. And these devices generate enormous traffic as the sum of IoT gadgets is increased. As the network traffic is irregular it is most important to obtain an optimal load balance among all the nodes. In this paper, we propose to develop a cache based multipath load balancing protocol for IoT sensor networks. In this protocol multiple paths are established between each IoT sender and the server such that each sender has multiple next-hop delivering IoT data. Whenever, the load of the server becomes greater than a threshold, the server transmits the overloaded high priority data to these cache points and the IoT clients can fetch the data from the nearby CPs rather than the server. The outcome of simulation had proved that CBMLB mechanism attains maximum ratio of packet delivery with reduced overhead and delay.
The Impact Of Fuel Price Fluctuation And Macroeconomic Variables To Airlines Performance
Authors: Piranti Mitra
Published: April 2021

The airlines industry is facing significant financial risks which arises from the changes in current economic conditions that has impacted the vulnerability of stock returns as well as its financial performance. This research primarily aims to study the effects of fuel price fluctuations and macroeconomic variables to airlines performance from both internal (represented by RoA and RoE) and market perspective (represented by airlines stock return).

Data was obtained from publicly listed airlines registered in the International Air Transport Association (IATA) with their business model classification: Low-Cost Carriers (LCC) and Full-Service Carriers (FSC). The analysis was carried out using multiple panel data regression model.
A Mutual Authentication Protocol for Telecare Services in an IoT Network
Authors: Nleya Bakhe
Published: April 2021

The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud computing as well as the introducing of   device to deice communication for devices in proximity has resulted in the emerging of new innovative services such as Tele-care in the health sector.  However, issues such as privacy and security associated with such a service (Tele-care) are a challenge as most of the associated devices are resource constrained in terms of both operational power and computing capability requirements. As such it becomes problematic to implement any traditional as well as current privacy and security measures.  Thus, in this paper, we mitigate on a framework to that will ensure a robust privacy as well as security for a Tele-care service. Notably our focus is in ensuring computational simplicity, privacy preservation as well as energy efficiency. Overall analysis shows that the proposed protocol has improved performance in comparison with existing ones.
Development of a Routes Guide Innovation for Historical, Cultural and Natural Resources U-thong District, Suphanburi Province
Authors: Wisutruangdat Wittaya
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research has develo a routes guide innovation for historical, cultural and natural resources U-thong district, Suphanburi Province. This research used quantitative research, and the research tools were questionnaires. Quantitative research had 2 steps. 1) Checked the validity of innovation a routes guide for historical, cultural and natural resources U-thong district, Suphanburi Province by the expects 9 key informants. Data were selected by using purposive sampling. 2) Checked complacency of innovation a routes guide by tourists visited tourist attractions 385 peoples. Used data selection method by multistage random sampling. Data was analyzed by mean and standard deviation. Results indicated that 1) the experts have had the appropriateness of content has been most appropriate at the highest level especially contents in the book have been easy to understand with the most suitable level. The appropriateness of photo arrangement appropriateness has been the least because some picture has been blurry. 2) The overall for complacency of innovation a routes guide was high level (x ̅ = 4.29, S.D. = 0.53). The highest complacency was benefits and values was at high level (x ̅ = 4.41, S.D. = 0.47). The lowest complacency was Language and it was at high level (x ̅ = 4.23, S.D. = 0.59). Suggestion of this study were 1) there should be other innovations, and to strengthen tourism in U-thong district, and  2) should have travel routes for the elderly to come to travel in U-thong district.
Determinants of Tax Avoidance of Public Listed Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Et.al Ani Kusbandiyah
Published: April 2021

Current literatures on the factors that effects tax avoidance in corporation produced mix result. Therefore, this study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of ownership structure and corporate governance on tax avoidance and to examine the differences in the tax avoidance before and after-tax amnesty. The population of the study is public listed companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2012-2017. Data was collected using a purposive sampling method. This study uses multiple regression analysis to investigate determinants of tax avoidance of public listed companies. The results showed that foreign ownership, family ownership and independent directors did not significantly influence tax avoidance. However, the CG-score Index has a significant effect on tax avoidance. The finding also showed there was no difference in the tax avoidance before and after the application of tax amnesty. The result of this study provides more and accurate information including the recognition of permanent and temporary differences that are commonly used as loopholes in tax avoidance action. It can be utilized as input for the Directorate General of Tax (DJP) to evaluate tax regulations, with the hope of increasing taxpayer compliance.
Critical Reflections on Fund Distribution in Malaysian Schools
Authors: Et.al Syed Ismail Syed Mohamad
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study is to provide critical reflections on teachers’ awareness and participation in sourcing and allocating funds for school operations in Malaysia. A survey of 118 teachers was conducted to obtain the teachers’ perspectives on the funding process. The perspectives were used as basis for critical reflections on the funding process in Malaysian schools. A theoretical framework comprising of stakeholder and intellectual capital theories was adopted to interpret the perspectives of the teachers.  The survey revealed that only 9.3% (11/118) of the teachers had ample knowledge of the funding process, 32.2% (38 / 118) had very little knowledge and the remaining 58.47% (69) had no knowledge of the process. The survey also show that teachers and school administrators lack understanding of the central government's policies on fund allocation to schools. The majority of the respondents agree that knowledge of sources and application of funds will help teachers to construct instructional planning that would enhance teaching and learning. The teachers believe that improvements at each of the school's preliminary meetings as well as the school budget committee meeting should be presented to encourage teachers to plan their annual lesson plans by incorporating elements of creativity and innovation in their teaching and learning process. The theoretical implication of our study highlights that teachers being one of the key stakeholders contribute to the intellectual capital, which is a key feature financial management and accountability of source and application of school funds. Hence, we argue that developments in teachers’ awareness and participation in the funding process would enhance the core intellectual capital of schools.
Cointegration and Causality between Disaggregated Exports and Economic Growth in ASEAN-4 Nations
Authors: Et.al Shahrun Nizam Abdul-Aziz
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to examine the relationship between ASEAN-4’s disaggregates exports (i.e., manufactured and primary exports) and economic growth by utilising the time series data over the period from 1982 to 2017. The Johansen-Juselius multivariate procedure was performed to determine the existence of the long-run relationship between variables, while the Granger causality test within VECM was applied to analyse the long-run and short-run causal directions. Prior to that, the unit root test was conducted to examine the series properties of the variables. The empirical results from the Johansen and Juselius Multivariate Cointegration test revealed that there were long-run equilibrium relationships among variables, while the Granger causality test based on VECM found that the ELG hypothesis for manufactured exports was valid for Indonesia in the long-run and short-run, while in the Philippines this hypothesis was only valid for the short-run. On the other hand, in the case of Malaysia and Thailand, both ELG and GLE hypotheses were valid in both long-run and short-run. For each ASEAN-4 nation the results also revealed that physical capital indirectly caused economic growth via the manufactured exports. Nevertheless, in the case of Malaysia and Thailand, it seemed that the reserve effect was likely to happen whereby the economic growth caused the growth of manufactured exports through the increase of the national production. The growth of the manufactured exports due to the reverse effect in turn caused the demand for imports to increase, particularly the imports of intermediate products. As far as the primary exports were concerned, the ELG hypothesis was valid for Thailand in both long-run and short-run, while for Malaysia and Indonesia, this hypothesis was valid respectively in the long-run and short-run. For Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia, it appeared that in the short run, human capital indirectly stimulated economic growth via primary exports.
Improving Student’s Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Solving Pythagoras Theorem Problems through Digital Learning Module
Authors: Et.al Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to improve student’s higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in solving Pythagoras theorem problems through digital learning module. The digital learning module involved in this study is the i-Think module (Mi-T1). This study employed the quasi experimental design with pre and post-test applied to both, control and experimental groups. The control and experimental groups consisted of the same number of Form One (aged between 12 and 13 years old) student that about 30 students each, with the control group had 14 females and 16 males, whereas the experimental group had 15 males and 15 females. Learning activities were carried out according to the teacher’s time-table and were completed in 5 weeks, approximately 10 hours per group, whereby the control group used the official text book (provided by the Ministry of Education for all students to be used in school) and the experimental group utilized Mi-T1. In addition, a survey was administered to the experimental group to measure the participants’ perceived usefulness of digital learning module. The analysis of independent sample t-test showed that the experimental group had significantly improved in their higher-order thinking skills compared to the control group. The survey data also indicated that the participants in the experimental group perceived the usefulness of the digital learning module to be equally high. Premised on these findings, the digital learning module, Mi-T1 can be used to improve students’ higher-order thinking skills in solving Pythagoras Theoremproblems.
Mathematics’ Conceptual Knowledge of for Form Four Daily School Students in District of PetalingUtama, Selangor
Authors: Et.al Mazlini Adnan
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to examine the level of students' conceptual knowledge on mathematics. In addition, the difference between conceptual knowledge based on gender and program was also studied. Measurement of knowledge is based on the Conceptual Knowledge Test (CKT). A total of 350 respondents were selected from five daily secondary schools in PetalingUtama, Selangor as a sample of the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis to find out the level of variables measured. In order to identify the main effects and interactions between gender and program variables, inference analysis is a two-way ANOVA test performed for conceptual knowledge dimensions. The findings showed no interaction effects between gender for conceptual knowledge of mathematics (p <.05), but it showed a significant effect on the program (p> .05). In conclusion, mathematical knowledge is very important at the upper secondary level as a high level of mathematical thinking is required to ensure excellent in mathematical achievement.This is essentially as a long time learning system and methods as well as the imitation approach and dependent on the examinations orientation has long been a measure of student achievement. The implication of this study is that basic conceptual knowledge of students' mathematics needs to be enhanced to realize Malaysia's aspiration to be in the top third place in international assessments such as TIMSS and PISA.
Secant Method Superiority Over Newton’s Method in Solving Scalar Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Et.al Ahmed Hadi Aboamemah
Published: April 2021

This study is aimed to pinpoint the cases or situations that makes the performance of secant method superior than the performance of New- ton’s method in solving certain selected nonlinear equations. Despite the convergence order of Newton’s method that is higher, that does not necessarily mean it performs faster than secant method for all nonlinear problems. In addition, both methods are almost identical in their approach and secant method has advantages that can make its performances superior or equivalent to Newton’s method for some nonlinear equations. Four numerical experiments are given to clarify the situations in which the performance of secant method are proven to be superior over Newton’s method.
Perceptions of Game-Based Learning of Accounting among Gen Z Undergraduates
Authors: Et.al Hazianti Abdul Halim
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived effectiveness of game-based learning methods for Generation Z undergraduates. This research aims to determine the perceptions of accounting students undertaking a financial accounting course and subsequently examine the factors influencing the effectiveness of game-based learning of accounting course. A questionnaire is used to measure the perception of game-based learning after the students completed the game-based learning method. Based on the analysis, we find that majority of the students perceived game-based learning as an effective method of instruction.They agree that game-based learning motivates them to do better and at the same time encourages critical thinking and teamwork. We also find that factors such as gender and number of times taking the course are not statistically significant in explaining the difference in the perception. Besides, we also find that there is a significant relationship between perception and examination scores of the students. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for educators, especially on the learner’s learning perception and factors influencing the effectiveness of game-based learning.
The Effect of Empathy on Students’ Motivation in Social Entrepreneurship among Undergraduates
Authors: Et.al Norsamsinar Samsudin
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of empathy on students’motivation in social entrepreneurship among undergraduates. A total of 300 students from 15 selected public universities in Malaysia under the Entrepreneurial Act Us Program (Enactus) were involved in this research. A set of questionnaireswas utilized to collect thedata. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to identify the level of students’ motivation towards social entrepreneurship and empathy. Inferential statistics including correlation and simple linear regression were used to test the research hypotheses of the research. The results show that there is a significant effect between empathy and students' motivation for social entrepreneurship.
Applying Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to obtaining the Expert Consensus in Aesthetic Experience (AX) and User Experience (UX) Elements in Augmented Reality Comic (AR Comic)
Authors: Et.al Mohd Ekram AlHafis bin Hashim
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the application of Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to obtain the expert consensus inAesthetic Experience (AX) and User Experience (UX) elements for Augmented Reality Comic (AR Comic). Theoretically, AR and comics are two distinctive fields that represent the technology and art. The former is Human Computer Interaction (HCI) for AR and the later is an art form for comic. Consequently, the UX elements are commonly used by scholars to measure AR, while the AX elements are used for evaluate comics. The purpose of this study is to formulate a new elements in AR comic.Thus,both AX and UX elements are subsequently being merged and the consensus from expertsfrom both fields are required. The FDM was selected in this study based on the ability of this method to obtain the constructs and the elements objectively with suggestion and reflection from the selected experts. Expected results from expert consensus are the combination of both elements as a new framework of AR comic.
The Use of Multisensory Technique in the Teaching Open Syllables Reading Skill for Preschoolers from a Teacher’s Perspective
Authors: Et.al Nurul Nabila Amirah Rostan
Published: April 2021

The ability to read is important for an individual as it is related to language proficiency. Therefore, language proficiency among children is the foundation of cognitive development which involves the process of knowledge acquisition through reading activities. Various ways and methods can be applied in order to improve children’s reading skills. This is to ensure that they are not experiencing any problems during a learning session. This study aims to identify the teacher’s perspective towards the use of multisensory technique in a teaching lesson for 6-year-old pre-schoolers on reading open syllables. By using a qualitative approach, two teachers from a private pre-school in Shah Alam are chosen to participate in a semi-structured interview. Both teachers are experienced in the field of Malay literature, specifically in reading methods. The study has found that teachers used multisensory technique in reading lessons on how to read open syllables. It produced a positive effect towards the development of children’s reading skills. However, multisensory technique must be strengthened by using the proper material that is suitable for children to ensure its effectiveness.
The Advantages of Interactive Whiteboard Technology in the Development of Children’s Learning
Authors: Et.al Haiza Hayati Baharudin
Published: April 2021

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education is expanding with the development of related studies worldwide. The use of the Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) technology is one of the most widely used ICT technology equipment in the classroom. In this article I will discuss the advantages of using IWB in the classroom of early childhood education institutions or preschools which include active participation of children in learning, developing learning habits, improving achievement in learning and helping to improve children's literacy skills.
The Use of Technology to Enhance English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners’ Descriptive Writing
Authors: Et.al Nurul Atiqah Shararuddin
Published: April 2021

This research investigates on the use of technology to enhance ESL learners’ descriptive writing. The purpose of this study being carried out is to find out the underlying reasons behind ESL learners’ inability to write good descriptive writing. Apart from that, this research was also carried out to find out why technology was the approach chosen to solve the raised issues in descriptive writing as well as finding out students’ perception on the use of technology to act as an aid to their descriptive writing skill. This is an action research study in which thirty-four students of Form 4 participated. The instruments used to obtain data from students were open ended questions, semi structured interview and teacher’s reflective entry. Only three students were chosen for the semi structured interview session using purposive sampling method, the justification for this is that they vary in terms of their proficiency and the researcher had a time restriction to interview all thirty-four students. Data was analysed using thematic analysis method. The result of this study shows that the incorporation of technology has enhanced students’ performance in descriptive writing.