bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbes and Parameters Influencing Dark Fermentation for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Gupta Soumya , Fernandes Annabel , Lopes Ana , Grasa Laura , Salafranca Jesús
Published: November 2024

Dark fermentation is a promising method for hydrogen (H2) production utilizing the metabolic pathways of diverse microbial communities. This process can be carried out without the need for light, making it easier and more efficient to operate in different environments and at a lower cost. It also utilizes a wide range of substrates, making it highly adaptable to waste-to-energy applications. Clostridium spp. are particularly favored in this method due to their versatile metabolism, ability to utilize a wide range of substrates, and high H2 yields. Anaerobes and facultative anaerobes are mostly used in studies due to their efficient hydrogenase enzyme activity and metabolic pathways. A pH range of 5.5–6.5 and a temperature of 30–37 °C for mesophiles and 55–60 °C for thermophiles are usually preferred in addition to the other parameters such as hydraulic retention time and substrate used. The highest H2 yield of 9.39 mol H2/mol sucrose consumed was obtained by C. beijerinckii using sucrose as a substrate under batch mode conditions at 37 °C and pH 6–7. The review analyzes different bacterial species and examines the influence of optimized parameters required on H2 yield in different bioreactor operating modes.
Clinical, Research, and Educational Applications of ChatGPT in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Authors: Puleio Francesco , Lo Giudice Giorgio , Bellocchio Angela Mirea , Boschetti Ciro Emiliano , Lo Giudice Roberto
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) technology, has revolutionized various fields, including medicine and dentistry. The AI model ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, mimics human language on a large scale, generating coherent and contextually appropriate responses. ChatGPT serves as an auxiliary resource for diagnosis and decision-making across various medical disciplines. This comprehensive narrative review aims to explore how ChatGPT can assist the dental sector, highlighting its potential to enhance various aspects of the discipline. This review includes a literature search on the application of ChatGPT in dentistry, with a focus on the differences between the free version, ChatGPT 3.5, and the more advanced subscription-based version, ChatGPT 4. Specifically, ChatGPT has proven to be effective in enhancing user interaction, providing fast and accurate information and improving the accessibility of knowledge. However, despite these advantages, several limitations are identified, including concerns regarding the accuracy of responses in complex scenarios, ethical considerations surrounding its use, and the need for improved training to handle highly specialized queries. In conclusion, while ChatGPT offers numerous benefits in terms of efficiency and scalability, further research and development are needed to address these limitations, particularly in areas requiring greater precision, ethical oversight, and specialized expertise.
Efficacy of Novel Digital-Based Surgical Guide in the Limited Interocclusal Distance
Authors: Park Won-Jong , Kim Ki-Seong , Cho Seok-Hwan , Lee Su Young
Published: November 2024

Accurate implant placement is essential for achieving successful outcomes. To aid in this, digitally designed surgical guides have been introduced. Both closed-sleeve and open-sleeve designs are commonly utilized. However, the closed-sleeve design has limitations with restricted interocclusal distance, interference with irrigation, and limited visibility, while the open-sleeve design is known to be less accurate. To address these limitations, a new slope-sleeve design was introduced. This design reduces the interocclusal distance requirement compared to the closed-sleeve design and provides improved accuracy. A constraint model with a 31 mm interocclusal distance was created, and three types of surgical guides (closed, open, and slope), printed using either a PolyJet or Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer, were tested on resin bone blocks. Horizontal and angular deviations were measured for the accuracy of each guide after drilling, with data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent t-tests. The slope-sleeve design showed significantly lower horizontal and angular deviations in wide-sized guides. Additionally, PolyJet-printed guides showed higher accuracy compared to DLP-printed guides. The slope-sleeve guide offers enhanced stability and precision in restricted interarch spaces. When coupled with high-precision 3D printing technologies like PolyJet, the slope-sleeve design provides a reliable solution for improving implant placement accuracy in challenging clinical scenarios.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Types of Professional Tooth Whitening: A Systematic Review
Authors: Butera Andrea , Maiorani Carolina , Rederiene Gitana , Checchi Stefano , Nardi Gianna Maria
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Tooth whitening is a cosmetic dental treatment that improves the color of natural teeth, making them whiter and brighter; this review aimed to evaluate the greater effectiveness of in-office, at-home, and combined bleaching with hydrogen or carbamide peroxide, also in relation to possible relapses and side effects (tooth sensitivity). Methods: A literature search has been carried out through electronic databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, focused on the use of the effectiveness of in-office, at-home, and combined dental bleaching. This review has been registered on PROSPERO (ID613248). Results: 30 articles have been included. Most of the studies did not find any more effective treatment than the proposed treatments; all types of bleaching have been shown to be effective in changing color; in the studies that have compared in-office and at-home bleaching, there was a lower recurrence of treatment with the use of the at-home trays with carbamide peroxide gel. There were no clear positions regarding tooth sensitivity, which would appear to be higher in professional in-office and combined dental bleaching. Conclusions: Bleaching is an effective treatment for the change of color of the tooth regardless of the type used (concentrations, type of gel, and duration of sessions), although, at home, it would seem to be more effective over time. It is, however, a clinical feature that may give a risk of tooth sensitivity after treatment.
Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals the Potential of PLOD1 as a Prognostic and Immune Biomarker for Human Cancer
Authors: Zhai Zhao , Wang Shuo , Cao Yudong , Liu Jia , Zhao Qiang , Ji Yongpeng , Yang Xiao , Tang Xingxing , Ma Jinchao , Du Peng
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1) is known as an enhancer of collagen fiber deposition and cross-linking stability. However, there is limited information on its function in tumors. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function and potential mechanism of action of PLOD1 across cancers. Methods: We assessed the pan-cancer expression, mutation, methylation and prognostic value of PLOD1 through multiple online databases. In addition, we performed correlation analyses of its immunological features, as well as functional assessment analyses of PLOD1. Finally, we assessed the effect of PLOD1 knockdown on bladder tumor cells using in vitro experiments. Results: Our findings suggest that PLOD1 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer types, accompanied by a poor prognosis. Epigenetic alterations in PLOD1 are highly heterogeneous across a wide range of tumors, and aberrant methylation and copy number variants correlate with a poor prognosis. In the tumor microenvironment, PLOD1 expression correlated positively with the infiltration level of various immunosuppressive cells (e.g., monocytes, macrophages and tumor-associated fibroblasts) and negatively with immune-killing cells (e.g., CD8+ T cells, B cells and CD4+ T cells). In addition, PLOD1 expression was associated with immune checkpoints and immunomodulatory genes. Finally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of PLOD1 reduced the proliferation, migration and antiapoptotic abilities of T24 cells. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that PLOD1 is a potential oncogene and prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer; tumor tissues with high PLOD1 expression reveal a relatively immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
A Space Telescope Scheduling Approach Combining Observation Priority Coding with Problem Decomposition Strategies
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Ye Bao-Lin , Xia Xiaoyun , Wang Zijia , Zhang Xianchao , Jiang Hai
Published: November 2024

With the increasing number of space debris, the demand for telescopes to observe space debris is also constantly increasing. The telescope observation scheduling problem requires algorithms to schedule telescopes to maximize observation value within the visible time constraints of space debris, especially when dealing with large-scale problems. This paper proposes a practical heuristic algorithm to solve the telescope observation of space debris scheduling problem. In order to accelerate the solving speed of algorithms on large-scale problems, this paper combines the characteristics of the problem and partitions the large-scale problem into multiple sub-problems according to the observation time. In each sub-problem, a coding method based on the priority of the target going into the queue is proposed in combination with the actual observation data, and a decoding method matching the coding method is designed. In the solution process for each sub-problem, an adaptive variable neighborhood search is used to solve the space debris observation plan. When solving all sub-problems is completed, the observation plans obtained on all sub-problems are combined to obtain the observation plan of the original problem.
Personalized Dose Selection for Treatment of Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders Using tDCS
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sagarika , Kashyap Rajan , Sreeraj Vanteemar S. , Sivakumar Palanimuthu T. , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Desmond John E. , Chen S. H. Annabel , Sathyaprabha T. N. , Udupa Kaviraja
Published: November 2024

Background: Individualizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) parameters can improve precision in neuropsychiatric disorders. One important decision for the clinician is the selection of an appropriate montage—conventional or high-definition (HD)—to implement dose-controlled tDCS while maintaining the patient’s safety. Method: The present study simulated tDCS administration using T1-weighted brain images of 50 dementia, 25 depression patients, and 25 healthy individuals for two conventional and HD montages, targeting the regions of interest (ROIs) in the dorsal and ventral pathways that support language processing. For each tDCS configuration, the electric fields at the ROIs and the individualized dose required to achieve the desired current intensity at the target ROI across the subjects were estimated. Linear regression was performed on these parameters. Result: A significant relationship between atrophy and current dose that varies according to the disease was found. The dementia patients with significant brain atrophy required a higher personalized dosage for HD montage, as the current intensity at the target ROIs was lower and more variable than that of conventional montage. For dementia, tDCS individualization is pathway-dependent, wherein HD configuration of the dorsal route requires current dosages above the safety limit (>4 mA) for 46% of individuals. However, there was no significant difference in electrode configurations between the HD and traditional setups for depression and healthy volunteers without significant brain atrophy. Conclusions: HD-tDCS with fixed locations is limited, making conventional tDCS more effective for dose-controlled applications. In patients with atrophy, individualized adjustments based on simulations are needed due to the variable stimulation strength in the ROI.
The Impact of Role Models on Sexual Minority Women: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Mann Khushi , Tesfamichael Salina , Rimes Katharine A.
Published: November 2024

Sexual minority women (e.g., lesbian, bisexual, pansexual) have increased risk of experiencing various mental health problems compared to sexual minority men and heterosexual individuals. Sexual minority women (SMW) have also been found to have lower self-esteem than heterosexual women, which could contribute to poorer mental health. Previous findings suggest that role models could potentially be used to improve LGBTQ+ wellbeing. The current exploratory study investigated SMW’s experiences about the impact of role models or the lack of them and their views about how role models could be used to increase the self-esteem of SMW in potential interventions. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 SMW. Using thematic analyses, four themes about characteristics of role models were developed: “Similar to me”, “Self-confident about being different”, “Strong and kind”, and “Source of learning and support”. Three themes about the impact of role models were identified: “Increased self-esteem”, “Inspiring personal growth”, and “Lack of role models: I don’t belong”. Content analyses indicated a wide range of ideas about how role models could be used within individual or group self-esteem interventions. Future research could apply these findings to develop or enhance interventions to increase the self-esteem of SMW.
A Comparative Study of the Latest Editions of China–Japan–US Green Building Evaluation Standards
Authors: Wang Qiyuan , Gao Weijun , Su Yuan , Zhang Yinqi
Published: November 2024

The Green Building Evaluation Standard (ESGB) has become an important support for China’s building sector in realizing the “double carbon” goal. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive research on the historical evolution and development status of the ESGB. This study firstly analyzes the updating logic and development strategy of the three versions of the ESGB, then compares the differences between ESGB 2019, CASBEE-NC 2014, and LEED O+M v4.1 from the perspective of the index system, and further examines the current international application status of the ESGB. The results show that LEED focuses on decarbonization and ecological protection, while CASEBB focuses on the concept of humanization and positively influences the local real estate market, and ESGB 2019 contains more health and comfort considerations than its previous version and is close to the internationally advanced level in terms of provision setting and international application. This study offers valuable insights into the potential for further refinement of green building standards in China and highlights areas for future research, including enhancing the ESGB’s adaptability and integration with emerging technologies to promote global sustainable development.
An Operational Carbon Emission Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning Methods for Urban Residential Buildings in Guangzhou
Authors: Zheng Lintao , Luo Kang , Zhao Lihua
Published: November 2024

The carbon emissions of urban residential buildings are substantial. However, the standard operating conditions specified in current energy-saving standards significantly differ from the actual energy consumption under real operating conditions. Therefore, it is essential to consider the impact of residents’ actual energy consumption behavior in carbon emission forecasts. To improve the accuracy of carbon emission predictions for urban residential buildings, this paper focuses on residential buildings in Guangzhou. Taking into account the energy consumption behavior of residents, parameterized modeling is carried out in the R language, and simulation is carried out using EnergyPlus software. Analysis revealed that the higher the comfort level of residential energy consumption behavior, the more it is necessary to encourage residents to adopt energy-saving behaviors. Combining carbon emission factors, air-conditioning energy efficiency, and the power consumption models of lighting and electrical equipment, a comprehensive operational carbon emission prediction model for urban residential operations in Guangzhou was developed. By comparing the prediction model with an actual case, it was found that the prediction deviation was only 4%, indicating high accuracy. The proposed operational carbon emission model can quickly assist designers in evaluating the carbon emissions of urban residential buildings in the early stages of design, providing an accurate basis for decision-making.
Study on the Repair Performance and Carbon Emission Analysis of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Prepared from Lithium Extraction Residue
Authors: Guo Jinbo , Chen Xiaoqing , Kang Yanqi , Zhang Guanhua , Yu Hongfa , Xiao Wei , Zhang Meng
Published: November 2024

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), as a rapid-hardening and early-strengthening cementitious material, is commonly used for repairing concrete defects. To enhance the repair efficiency of MPC and its mortar, MPC mortar and paste with the addition of 40% fly ash and 20% slag were studied and designed to evaluate the performance of MPC in repairing different types of defects such as concrete cracks and surface spalling. The test results for flexural bond strength, splitting tensile bond strength, pull-off strength, and fracture toughness indicate that MPC neat paste exhibits the highest efficiency for repairing concrete cut surfaces and cracks, with bond strength and splitting tensile strength reaching 2.8 MPa and 2.39 MPa, respectively, at 28 days. For surface spalling repairs, MPC mortar with mineral admixtures demonstrates the highest repair efficiency. The pull-off strength of MPC repair mortar with fly ash reaches 0.62 MPa after 28 days, and the fracture toughness of MPC repair mortar with slag is 0.614 MPa/m1/2. Additionally, this study explores the effectiveness of using calcined magnesium oxide and fly ash to produce MPC mortar in reducing carbon emissions during the production stage, comparing it with traditional Portland cement mortar. The research results reveal that, compared to MPC paste made solely with magnesium oxide containing boron, MPC paste with slag addition reduces carbon emissions by 38.95%. However, compared to traditional Portland cement mortar, the carbon emissions of MPC paste with slag addition still increase by 27.67%. Compared to MPC mortar without reactive mineral powder addition, MPC mortar with slag addition reduces carbon emissions by 39.24%, and compared to traditional Portland cement mortar, it reduces carbon emissions by 25%. The addition of reactive mineral powder and sand can effectively reduce the carbon emissions during the application of MPC, with slag addition showing the best carbon reduction effect.
Interdisciplinarity in the Built Environment: Measurement and Interdisciplinary Topic Identification
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Xie Yanan , Guo Xiaotong , Fu Hanliang
Published: November 2024

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing the intricate scientific and social challenges confronting society. The field of built environment, as an interdisciplinary discipline, has benefitted from cross-pollination with various fields such as architecture, environment, medicine, and psychology, leading to a range of interdisciplinary advancements. Nevertheless, there remains a gap in the systematic documentation of interdisciplinary outcomes within this field. This paper utilized the cosine index and the Rao–Stirling index to assess the level of interdisciplinarity within the built environment field. This was followed by the screening of literature achievements with a high interdisciplinary nature, the identification of interdisciplinary topics based on the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model, and the analysis of the evolution path of interdisciplinary topics based on time series. The results demonstrate that the field of built environment exhibits a high degree of interdisciplinary integration, with the most prevalent crossovers observed with medicine, psychology, and public health science, and fewer crossovers with electrochemistry, crystallography, and nanotechnology, which represent potential emerging directions. Over the past three decades, 17 core interdisciplinary topics have emerged in the field, and the overall evolutionary trend over time has been one of divergence, followed by contraction and then divergence. This study provides scholars with up-to-date knowledge from an interdisciplinary perspective, and facilitates the development of interdisciplinary research and cooperation in this field.
Do Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Developments Expand Neighborhood Opportunities?
Authors: Ahn Yongjin , Won Jongho
Published: November 2024

Living in deprived neighborhoods not only reflects a lack of social networks, role models, and safety, but also indicates limited access to local establishments that provide daily necessities—all of which are crucial for residents’ social mobility. The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program—the most influential place-based housing assistance initiative in the United States (U.S.)—is one such program that strives to achieve this challenging goal. However, studies have shown that LIHTC units are often constructed in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Therefore, this study investigates the spillover effects of LIHTC developments on neighborhood resource availability that is essential not only for immediate well-being but also for fostering long-term social mobility. This study employed the propensity score method, the inverse probability treatment weight, and weighted linear regression to address the selection bias problem of developers’ site decision. This study finds that a neighborhood that received LIHTC development between 2010 and 2015 experienced a greater increase in the number of employees in grocery stores, healthcare providers, job-training centers, libraries, pharmacies, and recreational centers from 2010 to 2016 than neighborhoods without LIHTC developments during the same time. The significance of this study lies in its analysis of the effects of LIHTC projects on physical facilities while accounting for self-selection bias.
Correction: Montalesi et al. Divergent Effects of Daidzein and Its Metabolites on Estrogen-Induced Survival of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers 2020, 12, 167
Authors: Montalesi Emiliano , Cipolletti Manuela , Cracco Patrizio , Fiocchetti Marco , Marino Maria
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
Upfront Surgery vs. Endoscopic Stenting Bridge to Minimally Invasive Surgery for Treatment of Obstructive Left Colon Cancer: Analysis of Surgical and Oncological Outcomes
Authors: Marzano Mauro , Prosperi Paolo , Grazi Gian Luca , Cianchi Fabio , Talamucci Luca , Bisogni Damiano , Bencini Lapo , Mastronardi Manuela , Guagni Tommaso , Falcone Agostino , Martellucci Jacopo , Bergamini Carlo , Giordano Alessio
Published: November 2024

Background: Left colon cancer obstruction treatment is a debated topic in the literature. Stent placement is effective as a bridge-to-surgery strategy, but there are some concerns about the oncological safety for the reported higher risk of local and peritoneal recurrence. This study aims to compare the surgical and oncological outcomes of patients treated with stent followed by elective surgery with those treated with primary resection. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. We included patients of both sexes, ≥18 years old, with a histological diagnosis of intestinal adenocarcinoma, and admitted to our hospital for left colon cancer obstruction demonstrated by CT scan without metastasis or perforation. They were treated through primary resection (PR) or stent placement followed by elective surgery (SR). The two groups were compared for general characteristics, surgical outcomes, and oncological outcomes (metastasis and local recurrence) at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, and 3 years. Post-operative quality of life (QoL) was also investigated. Results: The SR group showed a shorter hospital stay, a lower post-operative mortality, a lower stoma rate at 1 year, and a higher number of minimally invasive procedures. Oncological outcomes were not different compared to the PR group. The SR group demonstrated better QoL in two out of six items on the EQ-5D-5L test. Conclusions: Stent placement as a bridge-to-surgery strategy is feasible and provides better surgical outcomes in terms of post-operative complications, surgical approach, stoma rate, and QoL. Oncological outcomes were not reported differently, but further studies should be conducted to better evaluate this aspect.
Proton-Mediated PIEZO2 Channelopathy: Linking Oxaliplatin Treatment to Impaired Proprioception and Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Sonkodi Balázs
Published: November 2024

Oxaliplatin induces acute neuropathy within a few hours post-treatment, with symptoms persisting for several days. Delayed onset muscle soreness also causes the delayed onset of mechanical pain sensation starting at about 6–8 h and lasting up to a week after exercise. Both conditions come with impaired proprioception and could be chronic if these bouts are repeated frequently. The involvement of PIEZO2 ion channels, as the principal mechanosensory channels responsible for proprioception, is theorized in both conditions as well. The current opinion manuscript is meant to explain how the minor stretch-related microdamage of PIEZO2 on Type Ia proprioceptive terminals could explain the aforementioned symptoms of impaired proprioception. This includes a platinum-induced proton affinity ‘switch’ on these proprioceptive endings with PIEZO2 content, resulting in this being the likely initiating cause. Furthermore, it postulates how the proton-based ultrafast long-range oscillatory synchronization to the hippocampus could be impaired due to this microdamage on Type Ia proprioceptive terminals. Finally, the manuscript provides insight into how the impairment of the PIEZO2-initiated ultrafast muscle–brain axis may contribute to chemobrain and its associated cognitive and memory deficits.
The Emerging Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Sorafenib Resistance Within Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Vij Puneet , Hussain Mohammad Shabir , Satapathy Sanjaya K. , Cobos Everardo , Tripathi Manish K.
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a liver cancer originating from hepatocytes, is a major health concern and among the most common malignancies worldwide. Sorafenib, approved by the U.S. F.D.A., is the primary first-line treatment for patients with advanced HCC. While the preferred first-line systemic regimen for HCC is immunotherapy with Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or Tremelimumab-actl + durvalumab, Sorafenib is still an alternative recommended regimen. While some patients with advanced HCC may benefit from Sorafenib treatment, most eventually develop resistance, leading to poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play a critical role in tumorigenesis and the development of HCC, as well as other cancers. They are also key players in tumor drug resistance, though the mechanisms of lncRNAs in Sorafenib resistance in HCC remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms contributing to Sorafenib resistance in HCC with their potential correlation with lncRNAs, including the roles of transporters, receptors, cell death regulation, and other influencing factors.
A Green Chemistry Approach to Catalytic Synthesis of Ethyl Levulinate
Authors: Sušjenka Martina , Prašnikar Fran , Jakovljević Kovač Martina , Molnar Maja , Fernandes Luz , Nunes Ana Vital Marques , Duarte Ana Rita Cruz , Zakrzewska Małgorzata Ewa
Published: November 2024

Esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol was investigated using deep eutectic systems based on choline chloride and oxalic or p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalysts under conventional heating and alternative energy inputs, namely microwave, ultrasound, and mechanochemical treatment. The experiments were performed under varying operating conditions such as catalyst type and loading, alcohol to carboxylic acid molar ratio, temperature, or time. The obtained results demonstrate the overall better catalytic performance of the p-toluenesulfonic acid-based deep eutectic mixture in comparison with the oxalic acid-based analogue. The best results: levulinic acid conversion of 76% and 58%, for p-toluenesulfonic and oxalic acid containing deep eutectic systems, respectively, with 100% selectivity for both cases, were achieved for microwave-assisted synthesis with 5 wt.% of catalyst and excess alcohol to acid (molar ratio 5), at 413.15 K and for 10 min. The main advantage of all of the alternative activation methods studied (microwaves, ultrasounds, and ball mill processing) was the significant reduction in the reaction time.
Cell Cycle Dynamics in the Microalga Tisochrysis lutea: Influence of Light Duration and Drugs
Authors: Pageault Laura , Charrier Aurélie , Saint-Jean Bruno , Bougaran Gaël , Mairet Francis , Stachowski-Haberkorn Sabine
Published: November 2024

Our investigation into Tisochrysis lutea’s cell cycle regulation involved natural and chemical synchronization methods to maximize their proportion at the division phase (G2/M). Hence, cultures were grown under different light/dark cycles (24:0, 12:12, and 8:16 h) to assess the impact of extended dark periods on cell division. Flow cytometry analyses of the cell cycle revealed that extending the dark phase resulted in a higher number of cells entering G2/M. However, this remained a minority within the overall culture (peaking at 19.36% ± 0.17 under an 8:16 h L/D cycle). To further enhance synchronization, chemical agents (nocodazole, hydroxyurea, and aphidicolin) were tested for their efficacy in blocking specific cell cycle stages. Only aphidicolin successfully induced significant G2/M accumulation (>90%). The commitment point for cell division was examined by exposing cultures to varying light durations (0 to 8 h) and measuring cell concentration and size distribution every 4 h. Our findings identified a critical minimum cell size (“sizer”) of approximately 56.2 ± 0.6 µm3 and a required minimal light exposure (“timer”) of 4 h to reliably trigger cell division. These findings highlight key conditions needed for optimal division of Tisochrysis lutea, offering more controlled and efficient cultivation strategies for future biotechnological applications.
Distinct Molecular Profiles Underpin Mild-To-Moderate Equine Asthma Cytological Profiles
Authors: Karagianni Anna E. , Richard Eric A. , Toquet Marie-Pierre , Hue Erika S. , Courouce-Malblanc Anne , McGorum Bruce , Kurian Dominic , Aguilar Judit , Mazeri Stella , Wishart Thomas M. , Pirie Robert Scott
Published: November 2024

A state-of-the-art multi-omics approach was applied to improve our understanding of the aetio-pathogenesis of a highly prevalent, performance-limiting disorder of racehorses: mild-to-moderate equine asthma (MMEA). This is a prerequisite to improving prophylactic, management, and therapeutic options for this condition. Although a number of risk factors have been identified, options for intervention are limited. This study applied a multi-omic approach to reveal key inflammatory pathways involved in inflammatory cell recruitment to the lower airways and highlight distinct MMEA inflammatory profiles. We compared bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell gene and protein expression data from horses with non-inflammatory BALF cytology with those isolated from horses with neutrophilic, mastocytic, mixed neutrophilic/mastocytic, and eosinophilic/mastocytic inflammation. The analyses on transcriptomic/proteomic data derived from BALF from horses with neutrophilic cytology showed enrichment in classical inflammatory pathways, and horses with mastocytic inflammation showed enrichment in pathways involved in hypersensitivity reactions related to nonclassical inflammation potentially mimicking a Th2-immune response. The mixed eosinophilic/mastocytic group also presented with a nonclassical inflammatory profile, whereas the mixed neutrophilic/mastocytic group revealed profiles consistent with both neutrophilic inflammation and hypersensitivity. Our adopted multi-omics approach provided a holistic assessment of the immunological status of the lower airways associated with the different cytological profiles of equine asthma.
Correction: Podolska et al. Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Localized Hyperthermia—Physicochemical Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Induction of Tumor Cell Death. Cells 2020, 9, 776
Authors: Podolska Malgorzata J. , Barras Alexandre , Alexiou Christoph , Frey Benjamin , Gaipl Udo , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine , Janko Christina , Muñoz Luis E.
Published: November 2024

Add New References [...]
Activation of BDNF–TrkB Signaling in Specific Structures of the Sheep Brain by Kynurenic Acid
Authors: Roszkowicz-Ostrowska Katarzyna , Młotkowska Patrycja , Marciniak Elżbieta , Szlis Michał , Barszcz Marcin , Misztal Tomasz
Published: November 2024

Fluctuations in kynurenic acid (KYNA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain reflect its neurological status. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of transiently elevated KYNA concentrations in the cerebroventricular circulation on the expression of BDNF and its high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) in specific structures of the sheep brain. Intracerebroventricularly cannulated anestrous sheep were subjected to a series of four 30 min infusions of KYNA: 4 × 5 μg/60 μL/30 min (KYNA20, n = 6) and 4 × 25 μg/60 μL/30 min (KYNA100, n = 6) or a control infusion (n = 6), at 30 min intervals. Sections of the hippocampal CA3 field, amygdala (AMG), prefrontal cortex (PCx), and the hypothalamic medial-basal (MBH) and preoptic (POA) areas were dissected from the brain immediately after the experiment. The highest concentration of BDNF protein was found in the CA3 field (p < 0.001), which was 8-fold higher than in the AMG and 12-fold higher than that in the PCx (MBH and POA were not analyzed). The most pronounced BDNF mRNA expression was observed in the MBH, followed by the PCx, POA, AMG and CA3, while the highest abundance of TrkB mRNA was recorded in the AMG, followed by the MBH, PCx, CA3, and POA. KYNA increased (p < 0.05–p < 0.01) BDNF protein levels and the expression of its gene in the brain structures were examined, with the effect varying by dose and brain region. KYNA, particularly at the KYNA100 dose, also increased (p < 0.01) TrkB gene expression, except for the AMG, where the lower KYNA20 dose was more effective (p < 0.01). These findings suggest a positive relationship between KYNA levels in the cerebroventricular circulation and BDNF–TrkB expression in specific brain regions in a sheep model. This indicates that a transient increase in the CSF KYNA concentration can potentially restore BDNF production, for which deficiency underlies numerous neurological disorders.
Using Small Molecules to Reprogram RPE Cells in Regenerative Medicine for Degenerative Eye Disease
Authors: Rzhanova Lyubov A. , Alpeeva Elena V. , Aleksandrova Maria A.
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of regenerative medicine for degenerative eye diseases is to create cells to replace lost or damaged ones. Due to their anatomical, genetic, and epigenetic features, characteristics of origin, evolutionary inheritance, capacity for dedifferentiation, proliferation, and plasticity, mammalian and human RPE cells are of great interest as endogenous sources of new photoreceptors and other neurons for the degrading retina. Promising methods for the reprogramming of RPE cells into retinal cells include genetic methods and chemical methods under the influence of certain low-molecular-weight compounds, so-called small molecules. Depending on the goal, which can be the preservation or the replacement of lost RPE cells and cellular structures, various small molecules are used to influence certain biological processes at different levels of cellular regulation. This review discusses the potential of the chemical reprogramming of RPE cells in comparison with other somatic cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into neural cells of the brain and retina. Possible mechanisms of the chemically induced reprogramming of somatic cells under the influence of small molecules are explored and compared. This review also considers other possibilities in using them in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases based on the protection, preservation, and support of survived RPE and retinal cells.
Environmental Enrichment Attenuates Repetitive Behavior and Alters the Functional Connectivity of Pain and Sensory Pathways in C58 Mice
Authors: Farmer Anna L. , Febo Marcelo , Wilkes Bradley J. , Lewis Mark H.
Published: November 2024

Restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) encompass a variety of inflexible behaviors, which are diagnostic for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite being requisite diagnostic criteria, the neurocircuitry of these behaviors remains poorly understood, limiting treatment development. Studies in translational animal models show environmental enrichment (EE) reduces the expression of RRB, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify functional connectivity alterations associated with RRB and its attenuation by EE in C58 mice, an animal model of RRB. Extensive differences were observed between C58 mice and C57BL/6 control mice. Higher RRB was associated with altered connectivity between the somatosensory network and reticular thalamic nucleus and between striatal and sensory processing regions. Animals housed in EE displayed increased connectivity between the somatosensory network and the anterior pretectal nucleus and hippocampus, as well as reduced connectivity between the visual network and area prostriata. These results suggest aberrant sensory perception is associated with RRB in C58 mice. EE may reduce RRB by altering functional connectivity in pain and visual networks. This study raises questions about the role of sensory processing and pain in RRB development and identifies new potential intervention targets.
Impact of Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis Extracts on UVA-Irradiated on 3D Cultured Melanoma Cells: A Proteomic Insight
Authors: Gęgotek Agnieszka , Conde Tiago , Domingues Maria Rosário , Domingues Pedro , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta
Published: November 2024

Melanoma is one of the most malignant forms of skin cancer, characterised by the highest mortality rate among affected patients. This study aims to analyse and compare the effects of lipid extracts from the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica (N.o.) and Chlorococcum amblystomatis (C.a.) on the intra and extracellular proteome of UVA-irradiated melanoma cells using a three-dimensional model. Proteomic analysis revealed that UVA radiation significantly increases the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins in melanoma cells. Treatment with algae extracts reduced these protein levels in both non-irradiated and irradiated cells. Furthermore, untreated cells released proteins responsible for cell growth and proliferation into the medium, a process hindered by UVA radiation through the promotion of pro-inflammatory molecules secretion. The treatment with algae extracts effectively mitigated UVA-induced alterations. Notably, UVA radiation significantly induced the formation of 4-HNE and 15-PGJ2 protein adducts in both cells and the medium, while treatment with algae extracts stimulated the formation of 4-HNE-protein adducts and reduced the level of 15-PGJ2-protein adducts. However, both algae extracts successfully prevented these UVA-induced modifications. In conclusion, lipid extracts from N.o. and C.a. appear to be promising agents in supporting anti-melanoma therapy. However, their potent protective capacity may limit their applicability, particularly following cells exposure to UVA.
Differences in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles of Different Origin in On-Pump Versus Off-Pump Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Aquino Arthur , Abutalimova Napisat , Ma Yi , Ismail-zade Imran , Grebennik Vadim , Rubinstein Artem , Kudryavtsev Igor , Zaikova Ekatherina , Sambur Darina , Marichev Alexander , Kalinina Olga , Bautin Andrey , Kostareva Anna , Vaage Jarle , Golovkin Alexey
Published: November 2024

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes a systemic inflammatory response that can worsen patient outcomes. Off-pump surgery has been associated with a reduced inflammatory response. The precise mechanisms and the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this context are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the early immune response, including main T- and B-lymphocyte subsets, cytokine profiles, and plasma EVs, in patients undergoing off-pump (n = 18) and on-pump (n = 18) CABG. Thirty-six patients undergoing isolated CABG were enrolled in this randomized control study. Pre- and 24 h postoperative blood samples were analyzed for immune cell populations, cytokine levels, and plasma EV phenotyping. Off-pump CABG triggered a milder immune response than on-pump surgery. On-pump surgery led to greater changes in circulating EVs, particularly platelet- (CD62P+), endothelial- (CD31+), and B-cell-derived (CD19+), as well as platelet- and erythrocyte-derived aggregates (CD41+CD235a+). Levels of platelet-derived EVs, expressing both constitutional and activation markers (CD41+CD62P+) decreased in both groups of patients 24 h after surgery. On-pump cardiac procedures led to an increase in T-regulatory cell-derived EVs (CD73+CD39+), suggesting a potential mechanism for immune suppression compared to off-pump surgery. There were numerous correlations between EV levels and cytokine profiles following on-pump surgery, hinting at a close relationship. Leucocyte-derived EVs exhibited positive correlations with each other and with GRO but showed negative correlations with endothelial-derived EVs (CD90+ and CD31+). Additionally, CD73+ EVs demonstrated positive correlations with platelet counts and with erythrocyte-derived CD235a+ EVs. EV changes were significantly greater after on-pump surgery, highlighting a more pronounced response to this type of surgery and emphasizing the role of EVs as regulators of post-surgical inflammation.
Revealing the Relationship Between Macrostructures and Inclusions Across the Thickness Direction of Q235B Slabs
Authors: Wang Bo , Jin Jinwen , Gu Chao , Wei Ze , Lyu Ziyu , Xing Lidong , Bao Yanping
Published: November 2024

Macrostructures and inclusions are both vital for slabs because the quality of slabs is largely affected by them. However, the relationship between macrostructures and inclusions in the thickness direction of the slab is still unclear. Hence, in this paper, the relationship between macrostructures and inclusions was revealed by laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations. The laboratory experiments included carbon and sulfur content testing, direct reading spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and automatic inclusion scanning. The experimental results showed that the distribution of macrostructures was symmetrical from the inner and outer arc to the center. From the edge to the center of the slab, the variation in macrostructures was columnar crystal zone (CZ)→columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET)→equiaxed crystal zone (EZ). Furthermore, the content of sulfur and manganese first decreased and then increased from the inner arc to the outer arc. The number density and area fraction of MnS inclusions in different macrostructures were CZ > CET > EZ. The average size of MnS in different macrostructures was CZ > EZ > CET. Moreover, the morphology of MnS inclusions was ellipse and rod in CZ, irregular dendrite in CET, and multilateral in EZ. Additionally, theoretical calculation results showed the maximum precipitation and initial precipitation temperature of MnS inclusions in different macrostructures were CZ > EZ > CET. Meanwhile, the theoretical precipitation radius of MnS inclusions in different macrostructures was CZ > EZ > CET.
Exploration of the Dual Role of Dectin-1 in Tumor Development and Its Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Cai Yuxuan , Wu Ke
Published: November 2024

Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the role of the innate immune system, especially pattern recognition receptors, in cancer development and immunity is gaining more and more attention. Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor primarily involved in antifungal immunity, has emerged as a significant player in cancer biology, exhibiting both pro-tumor and anti-tumor roles. This dual function largely depends on the tumor type and microenvironment. Dectin-1 can promote immune responses against tumors like melanoma and breast cancer by enhancing both innate and adaptive immunity. However, in tumors like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer, Dectin-1 activation suppresses T cell immunity, facilitating tumor progression. This review explores the complex mechanisms by which Dectin-1 modulates the tumor microenvironment and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Whose Responsibility Is It? Implementing Patient-Prioritized Healthcare System Change in Oncology
Authors: Etchegary Holly , King John , Savas Sevtap
Published: November 2024

This brief commentary describes the reflections on a fundamental question by the Public Interest Group on Cancer Research, a successful academic-community partnership focused on cancer research, education, public engagement, and advocacy in Canada’s Eastern province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Our Group has achieved some success in a short time with very limited funding. It has successfully created public spaces for conversations about cancer care and priorities for research and regularly advocated for health service change prioritized by input from patients and family members. However, we remain challenged in our understanding of how to truly implement change within oncology care contexts that is informed by patients and families affected by cancer. In this short reflection, we hope to raise awareness of this important issue and question whose responsibility it is to work with patients and families and follow through on prioritized healthcare issues and services. We suggest this may be a matter of integrated knowledge translation and a better understanding of where patients and families fit in this space. We hope to encourage reflection and conversation among all relevant stakeholders about how best to implement patient-prioritized change in oncology care and policy.