bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy acquisition strategy for reproduction in a semelparous squid
Authors: Lin Dongming , Zang Na , Zhu Kai , Li Gang , Chen Xinjun
Published: November 2022

Background

Energy demand for reproduction leads to a wide diversity of foraging and life-history strategy among wild animals, linking to a common objective to maximize reproductive success. Semelparous squid species in particular can use up to 50% of the total energy intake for reproduction. However, the energy acquisition strategy for reproduction is still a controversial issue regarding whether the squid shift in diet ontogenetically. Here we used Argentinean shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) as a case study to investigate the strategy of energy acquisition for reproduction, by analyzing energy density of the squid’s reproductive tissues including ovary, nidamental glands and oviduct eggs, and stable isotopes and fatty acids of the squid’s ovary.

Results

The reproductive energy (the sum of the energy accumulated in ovary, nidamental glands and oviduct eggs) increased significantly with maturation. The ovary nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) showed a significant increase with maturation, but the increase by maturity stage was not equal to the typical enrichment of about 3‰ per trophic level. Isotopic niche width showed an increasing trend with maturation, and isotopic niche space exhibited greater overlap at advanced maturity stages. The relative amounts of 16:0, 20:5n3 and 20:4n6 in the ovary, tracing for carnivores and top predators, increased after the onset of maturation. The overall fatty acid profiles of the ovary showed significant differences among maturity stages, but obvious overlaps were found for mature squids. Mixed-effects model results revealed that reproductive energy was positively correlated with δ15N values. The reproductive energy was also positively related to the relative amounts of 18:0 and 20:4n6, respectively tracing for herbivores and top predators.

Conclusions

Our results validate that the squid shifts to feed on higher trophic prey for reproduction as energy demand increases once maturation commences. However, the squid does not shift feeding habits at a trophic level but instead broadens prey spectrum, coupled with increasing intake of higher trophic prey items, to meet the energy demand for reproduction. Such energy acquisition strategy may be selected by the squid to maximize reproductive success by balancing energy intake and expenditure from foraging, warranting future studies that aim to clarify such strategy for reproduction among semelparous species.
Economic evaluation of implementation science outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Malhotra Akash , Thompson Ryan R. , Kagoya Faith , Masiye Felix , Mbewe Peter , Mosepele Mosepele , Phiri Jane , Sambo Jairos , Barker Abigail , Cameron Drew B. , Davila-Roman Victor G. , Effah William , Hutchinson Brian , Laxy Michael , Newsome Brad , Watkins David , Sohn Hojoon , Dowdy David W.
Published: November 2022

Background

Historically, the focus of cost-effectiveness analyses has been on the costs to operate and deliver interventions after their initial design and launch. The costs related to design and implementation of interventions have often been omitted. Ignoring these costs leads to an underestimation of the true price of interventions and biases economic analyses toward favoring new interventions. This is especially true in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where implementation may require substantial up-front investment. This scoping review was conducted to explore the topics, depth, and availability of scientific literature on integrating implementation science into economic evaluations of health interventions in LMICs.

Methods

We searched Web of Science and PubMed for papers published between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021, that included components of both implementation science and economic evaluation. Studies from LMICs were prioritized for review, but papers from high-income countries were included if their methodology/findings were relevant to LMIC settings.

Results

Six thousand nine hundred eighty-six studies were screened, of which 55 were included in full-text review and 23 selected for inclusion and data extraction. Most papers were theoretical, though some focused on a single disease or disease subset, including: mental health (n = 5), HIV (n = 3), tuberculosis (n = 3), and diabetes (n = 2). Manuscripts included a mix of methodology papers, empirical studies, and other (e.g., narrative) reviews. Authorship of the included literature was skewed toward high-income settings, with 22 of the 23 papers featuring first and senior authors from high-income countries. Of nine empirical studies included, no consistent implementation cost outcomes were measured, and only four could be mapped to an existing costing or implementation framework. There was also substantial heterogeneity across studies in how implementation costs were defined, and the methods used to collect them.

Conclusion

A sparse but growing literature explores the intersection of implementation science and economic evaluation. Key needs include more research in LMICs, greater consensus on the definition of implementation costs, standardized methods to collect such costs, and identifying outcomes of greatest relevance. Addressing these gaps will result in stronger links between implementation science and economic evaluation and will create more robust and accurate estimates of intervention costs.

Trial registration

The protocol for this manuscript was published on the Open Science Framework. It is available at: https://osf.io/ms5fa/ (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/32EPJ).
How do health care services help and hinder recovery after a suicide attempt? A qualitative analysis of Finnish service user perspectives
Authors: Gaily-Luoma Selma , Valkonen Jukka , Holma Juha , Laitila Aarno
Published: November 2022

Background

Suicide attempt survivors are at high risk of re-attempts and suicide death. Previous research has shown that service users’ experiences of post-attempt care are related to future treatment engagement and re-attempts. In-depth understanding of how current services meet service users’ needs in the period immediately following a suicide attempt is thus imperative for the development of more effective tertiary prevention practices in real-life health care systems.

Method

In this qualitative study, Finnish suicide attempt survivors’ experiences of and perspectives on mental health services were explored through a semi-structured interview. Participants were seven female and seven male service users interviewed 3–6 months after the index suicide attempt. A conventional content analysis of these service user interviews is presented.

Results

Participants’ experiences of care ranged from helping to hindering recovery. Seven key aspects of services were described as helpful when present and hindering when absent. These included (1) meeting the service user as worthy of help, (2) supporting the exploration of personal meanings, (3) supporting the exploration of suicidality, (4) psychological continuity and predictability, (5) offering a responsive partnership in navigating recovery, (6) inviting service user involvement in medication decisions, and (7) accounting for service users’ relational context.

Conclusions

Current health care services are inconsistent in meeting suicide attempt survivors’ subjective needs, leaving clear room for improvement in tertiary suicide prevention. To be perceived as meaningful by service users, services should strive to offer opportunities for both biomedical, psychological, and social interventions, with responsivity to individual needs and preferences. A focus on the social aspects of recovery (e.g., offering support to loved ones affected by the suicidal incident; facilitating peer support and social belonging) was most often found to be lacking in current services.
EGFR-dependent aerotaxis is a common trait of breast tumour cells
Authors: Mikaelian Ivan , Gadet Rudy , Deygas Mathieu , Bertolino Philippe , Hennino Anca , Gillet Germain , Rimokh Ruth , Berremila Sid-Ali , Péoc’h Michel , Gonzalo Philippe
Published: November 2022

Background

Aerotaxis, the chemotactism to oxygen, is well documented in prokaryotes. We previously reported for the first time that non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells also display unequivocal directional migration towards oxygen. This process is independent of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)/prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) pathway but controlled by the redox regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) gradient overlapping the oxygen gradient at low oxygen concentration. Since hypoxia is an acknowledged hallmark of cancers, we addressed the putative contribution of aerotaxis to cancer metastasis by studying the directed migration of cancer cells from an hypoxic environment towards nearby oxygen sources, modelling the in vivo migration of cancer cells towards blood capillaries.

Methods

We subjected to the aerotactic test described in our previous papers cells isolated from fresh breast tumours analysed by the Pathology Department of the Saint-Etienne University Hospital (France) over a year. The main selection criterion, aside from patient consent, was the size of the tumour, which had to be large enough to perform the aerotactic tests without compromising routine diagnostic tests. Finally, we compared the aerotactic properties of these primary cells with those of commonly available breast cancer cell lines.

Results

We show that cells freshly isolated from sixteen human breast tumour biopsies, representative of various histological characteristics and grades, are endowed with strong aerotactic properties similar to normal mammary epithelial cell lines. Strikingly, aerotaxis of these primary cancerous cells is also strongly dependent on both EGFR activation and ROS. In addition, we demonstrate that aerotaxis can trigger directional invasion of tumour cells within the extracellular matrix contrary to normal mammary epithelial cells. This contrasts with results obtained with breast cancer cell lines, in which aerotactic properties were either retained or impaired, and in some cases, even lost during the establishment of these cell lines.

Conclusions

Altogether, our results support that aerotaxis may play an important role in breast tumour metastasis. In view of these findings, we discuss the prospects for combating metastatic spread.

Trial registration

IRBN1462021/CHUSTE.

Graphical abstract: EGFR-dependent aerotaxis of primary breast cancer cells
Family behavior theory-based intervention via mobile messaging to improve oral health of adolescents: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Pei , Wong May Chun Mei , Lee Gillian Hiu Man , Yiu Cynthia Kar Yung , Lo Edward Chin Man
Published: November 2022

Background

Due to some unique physical, social and psychological features in the adolescent population, adolescents can be a time of heightened caries activity and periodontal disease. Oral health-related behaviors can be modified to improve oral health status. The family networks and the built environment can promote or inhibit health behaviors. The aim of this study is to implement and evaluate a behavior theory-based, integrated family intervention via mobile messaging to improve oral health of adolescents.

Methods

This is a three-arm parallel-design cluster-randomized controlled trial. This trial will allocate 12 local secondary schools (clusters) in Hong Kong to three test or comparison groups with a ratio 1:1:1. The enrolled Form II to IV students (ages 12 to 15) will be eligible for participation. The intervention to three study groups will be (i) Health Belief Model (HBM)-based mobile messaging to the adolescents and their parents, which will consist of several blocks of HBM-based messages and reinforcement during 24 weeks; (ii) same HBM-based messaging to adolescents only; and (iii) delivering e-version of oral health education pamphlets to adolescents. The primary outcome will be caries increment 2 years post-intervention. Changes in oral health self-efficacy and behaviors, oral hygiene, and gingival status will be the secondary outcomes.

Discussion

No school dental care service is available to secondary school students in Hong Kong. This study will be the first to test a theory-driven and family-engaged preventive intervention among adolescents in Hong Kong. Findings will contribute to developing a low-cost, feasible, and efficient oral health preventive program for adolescents.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT05448664. Registered on 7 July 2022.
Common immunopathogenesis of central nervous system diseases: the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis
Authors: Lee Kyung-Yil
Published: November 2022

There are hundreds of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but there are few diseases for which the etiology or pathogenesis is understood as well as those of other organ-specific diseases. Cells in the CNS are selectively protected from external and internal insults by the blood–brain barrier. Thus, the neuroimmune system, including microglia and immune proteins, might control external or internal insults that the adaptive immune system cannot control or mitigate. The pathologic findings differ by disease and show a state of inflammation that reflects the relationship between etiological or inflammation-inducing substances and corresponding immune reactions. Current immunological concepts about infectious diseases and infection-associated immune-mediated diseases, including those in the CNS, can only partly explain the pathophysiology of disease because they are based on the idea that host cell injury is caused by pathogens. Because every disease involves etiological or triggering substances for disease-onset, the protein-homeostasis-system (PHS) hypothesis proposes that the immune systems in the host control those substances according to the size and biochemical properties of the substances. In this article, I propose a common immunopathogenesis of CNS diseases, including prion diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and genetic diseases, through the PHS hypothesis.
Australian native Glycine clandestina seed microbiota hosts a more diverse bacterial community than the domesticated soybean Glycine max
Authors: Chandel Ankush , Mann Ross , Kaur Jatinder , Tannenbaum Ian , Norton Sally , Edwards Jacqueline , Spangenberg German , Sawbridge Timothy
Published: November 2022

Background

Plant microbiome composition has been demonstrated to change during the domestication of wild plants and it is suggested that this has resulted in loss of plant beneficial microbes. Recently, the seed microbiome of native plants was demonstrated to harbour a more diverse microbiota and shared a common core microbiome with modern cultivars. In this study the composition of the seed-associated bacteria of Glycine clandestina is compared to seed-associated bacteria of Glycine max (soybean).

Results

The seed microbiome of the native legume Glycine clandestina (crop wild relative; cwr) was more diverse than that of the domesticated Glycine max and was dominated by the bacterial class Gammaproteobacteria. Both the plant species (cwr vs domesticated) and individual seed accessions were identified as the main driver for this diversity and composition of the microbiota of all Glycine seed lots, with the effect of factor “plant species” exceeded that of “geographical location”. A core microbiome was identified between the two Glycine species. A high percentage of the Glycine microbiome was unculturable [G. clandestina (80.8%) and G. max (75.5%)] with only bacteria of a high relative abundance being culturable under the conditions of this study.

Conclusion

Our results provided novel insights into the structure and diversity of the native Glycine clandestina seed microbiome and how it compares to that of the domesticated crop Glycine max. Beyond that, it also increased our knowledge of the key microbial taxa associated with the core Glycine spp. microbiome, both wild and domesticated. The investigation of this commonality and diversity is a valuable and essential tool in understanding the use of native Glycine spp. for the discovery of new microbes that would be of benefit to domesticated Glycine max cultivars or any other economically important crops. This study has isolated microbes from a crop wild relative that are now available for testing in G. max for beneficial phenotypes.
Easily-controllable, helper phage-free single-stranded phagemid production system
Authors: Suzuki Tetsuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Background

Single-stranded (ss) DNAs are utilized in various molecular biological and biotechnological applications including the construction of double-stranded DNAs with a DNA lesion, and are commonly prepared by using chimeric phage-plasmids (phagemids) plus M13-derived helper phages. However, the yields of ss DNA with these methods are poorly reproducible, and multiple factors must be optimized.

Results

In this report, we describe a new arabinose-inducible ss phagemid production method without helper phage infection. The newly exploited DNA derived from VCSM13 expresses the pII protein, which initiates ss DNA synthesis, under the control of the araBAD promoter. In addition, the packaging signal is deleted in the DNA to reduce the contamination of the phage-derived ss DNA. The phagemid DNA of interest, carrying the M13 origin of replication and the packaging signal, was introduced into bacterial cells maintaining the modified VCSM13 DNA as a plasmid, and the ss phagemid DNA production was induced by arabinose. The DNA recovered from the phage particles had less contamination from VCSM13 DNA, as compared to the conventional method. Moreover, we extended the method to purify the ss DNAs by using an anion-exchange column, to avoid the use of hazardous chemicals.

Conclusion

Using this combination of methods, large quantities of phagemid ss DNAs of interest can be consistently obtained.
Meso- and microplastic distribution and spatial connections to metal contaminations in highly cultivated and urbanised floodplain soilscapes – a case study from the Nidda River (Germany)
Authors: Weber Collin J. , Opp Christian , Prume Julia A. , Koch Martin , Chifflard Peter
Published: November 2022

Floodplain soilscapes act as temporary sinks in the environment and are nowadays affected by multiple contaminant accumulations and exposures, including different trace metals and plastics. Despite increasing knowledge about the occurrence and behaviour of plastics at the interface between aquatic and terrestrial systems, there are still major uncertainties about the spatial distribution of plastics, their sources and deposition, as well as spatial relationships with other contaminants. Our recent case study addresses these questions, using the example of a river system ranging from rural to urban areas. Based on a geospatial sampling approach we obtained data about soil properties, metal contents via ICP-MS analyses, and particle-based (171 μm – 52 mm) plastic contents, analysed using sodium chloride density separation, visual fluorescence identification and ATR-FTIR analysis. We found plastic contents of 0.00–35.82 p kg− 1 and zero to moderate metal enrichments. Levels of both contaminations occur in the lower range of known concentrations in floodplain soils and show a different spatial distribution along the river course and in the floodplain cross-section. Furthermore, we found that plastic enrichment occurs in the uppermost soil layers, while trace metal enrichment is equally distributed over depth, indicating different sources like flood dynamics and agricultural practice during different deposition periods. Finally, direct short to long-term anthropogenic impacts, like floodplain restoration or tillage may affect plastic enrichments, raising questions for future research directions within floodplain soilscapes.
Dissolution Improvement of Progesterone and Testosterone via Impregnation on Mesoporous Silica Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ajiboye Adejumoke Lara , Jacopin Amélie , Mattern Claudia , Nandi Uttom , Hurt Andrew , Trivedi Vivek
Published: November 2022

Progesterone (PRG) and testosterone (TST) were impregnated on mesoporous silica (ExP) particles via supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing at various pressures (10–18 MPa), temperatures (308.2–328.2 K), and time (30–360 min). The impact of a co-solvent on the impregnation was also studied at the best determined pressure and temperature. The properties of the drug embedded in silica particles were analysed via gas chromatography (GC), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nitrogen adsorption. An impregnation of 1 to 82 mg/g for PRG and 0.1 to 16 mg/g for TST was obtained depending on the processing parameters. There was a significant effect of pressure, time, and co-solvent on the impregnation efficiency. Generally, an increase in time and pressure plus the use of co-solvent led to an improvement in drug adsorption. Conversely, a rise in temperature resulted in lower impregnation of both TST and PRG on ExP. There was a substantial increase in the dissolution rate (> 90% drug release within the first 2 min) of both TST and PRG impregnated in silica particles when compared to the unprocessed drugs. This dissolution enhancement was attributed to the amorphisation of both drugs due to their adsorption on mesoporous silica.

Graphical Abstract
Heterogeneous social difference in the interplay between epidemic and information spreading
Authors: Dai Jin-Ying , Li Cong , Li Xiang
Published: November 2022

Previous studies on epidemic-information coupled network assumed that individuals receive information with the same probability. In this work, considering imperfect vaccination and the heterogeneity of human activities, we explore a coupled susceptible-infected-vaccinated-recovered/unaware-aware-unaware (SIRV-UAU) model by introducing individual social difference into the interaction between the spread of epidemic and the diffusion of epidemic-related information. The individual social difference which indicates the heterogeneity of information diffused and accepted by individuals leads to different protective levels. The primary spreading rate and the social reinforcement strength are two decisive factors to measure the individual social difference. We find that increasing the social reinforcement strength, the primary spreading rate, or the influence factor of uploading information can promote the diffusion of information and inhibit the spread of epidemic. Specifically, compared with the social reinforcement strength and the primary spreading rate, the influence factor of individuals uploading information has a significant impact on the spread of epidemic. Furthermore, we study the effect of the reduction factor that reduces the risk of infection and the social reinforcement strength on the spread of epidemic. The results show that, when the reduction factor is smaller, the proportion of recovered individuals at the steady state decreases significantly with the increase of the social reinforcement strength.
Phase separation and aging dynamics of binary liquids in porous media
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rounak , Sen Gupta Bhaskar
Published: November 2022

We employ the state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations to study the kinetics of phase separation and aging phenomena of segregating binary fluid mixtures imbibed in porous materials. Different random porous structures are considered to understand the effect of pore morphology on coarsening dynamics. We find the effect of complex geometrical confinement resulting in the dramatic slowing down in the phase separation dynamics. The domain growth follows the power law with an exponent dependent on the porous host structure. After the transient period, a crossover to a slower domain growth is observed when the domain size becomes comparable to the pore size. Due to the geometric confinement, the correlation function and structure factor modify to a non-Porod behavior and violate the superuniversality hypothesis. The role of porous host structure on the nonequilibrium aging dynamics is studied qualitatively by computing the two-time order-parameter autocorrelation function. This quantity exhibits scaling laws with respect to the ratio of the domain length at the observation time and the age of the system. We find the scaling laws hold well for such confined segregating fluid mixtures.
Mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório no estado de Pernambuco: 2010 a 2019
Authors: Silva Elaine Rufino Barbosa da , Silva Maria Tatiane Alves da , Silva Júnior Valdecir Barbosa da , Sousa Fabiana De Oliveira Silva
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório no estado de Pernambuco. Métodos: estudo ecológico, com dados secundários do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas, referentes aos anos de 2010 a 2019. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados o software Microsoft Excel 2007 e o software SIG QGIS 3.16, sendo apresentados em gráficos, tabelas e mapa temático. Resultados: o estado de Pernambuco não apresentou uma tendência constante no número de óbitos por doenças do aparelho circulatório, variando ao decorrer dos anos analisados no estudo. A mortalidade foi maior na população masculina (51,35%), negra (63,07%) e na faixa etária de 60 anos e mais (78,02%). Conclusões: a distribuição dos óbitos não foi uniforme no território estadual, sendo fundamental a construção do perfil de mortalidade para a identificação de população e grupos vulneráveis, direcionando a implementação e desenvolvimento de políticas públicas.
Placenta increta in an unscarred and bicornute uterus
Authors: Nazir Namia , Khan Daniya , Nasrullah Farah Deeba , Jaleel Riffat
Published: November 2022

Morbidly adherent placenta is a spectrum of obstetric complication which is life threatening to both mother and fetus. Congenital uterine malformation is a rare cause of such a condition. Here we present a case report of placenta increta in bicornute, unscarred uterus. An 18 year old para1+1 presented in emergency with history of vaginal delivery of still birth baby followed by vaginal bleeding with retained placenta. Her Examination under anaesthesia and failed attempt of manual removal of the placenta performed in emergency followed by Doppler ultrasound showed a bicornuate uterus with possibility of placenta increta, later this diagnosis was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patient managed with injection methotrexate along with folinic acid followed by removal of placenta under general anesthesia, hence we preserved her fertility. The aim of this report is to emphasize the importance of this rare but a possible association of nonscar and malformed uterus with spectrum of abnormal placentation. Obstetrician should run a full set of investigations in such cases to prevent maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6164

How to cite this: Nazir N, Khan D, Nasrullah FD, Jaleel R. Placenta increta in an unscarred and bicornute uterus. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6164

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Writing far and beyond the Thesis by the medical community
Authors: Zafar Anam , Ehsan Afifa
Published: November 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.7197

How to cite this: Zafar A, Ehsan A. Writing far and beyond the Thesis by the medical community. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.7197

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
UV Picosecond-Laser Induced Bulk Modifications and Luminescence in Single-Crystal Diamond
Authors: Pimenov S.M. , Khomich A.A. , Vlasov I.I. , Zavedeev E.V. , Neuenschwander B. , Jäggi B. , Romano V.
Published: November 2022

Bulk laser-graphitized microstructures have been fabricated in type IIa single-crystal 1.2-mm-thick diamond plates by UV laser irradiation with 10-ps pulses at λ=355 nm wavelength. It is found that the crystallographic-plane-dependent character of structural modifications in the bulk is influenced by the laser wavelength and the direction of the laser beam incidence relative to a given crystallographic direction (<100> or <110>) in the diamond plates. High-order Stokes Raman lasing is observed during UV laser irradiation and bulk modifications of single-crystal diamond. It is shown that the formation of bulk microstructures results in dramatic changes in the behavior of the stimulated Raman scattering in diamond. The formation and migration of the 3H defects (self-interstitial related centers) is also found to take place in the course of bulk microstructuring with UV ps-pulses. Important limitations of the bulk microstructuring caused by high internal stresses in laser-modified regions resulting in ‘uncontrollable’ damage of the diamond single crystals are discussed.
Laser Microprinting of Transparent and Weakly Absorbing Solutions
Authors: Serra P. , Patrascioiu A. , Palla-Papavlu A. , Fernández-Pradas J.M. , Morenza J.L.
Published: November 2022

A laser-based technique for printing transparent andweakly absorbing liquids is developed. Its principleof operation relies in the tight focusing of shortlaser pulses inside the liquid and close to its freesurface, in such a way that the laser radiation isabsorbed in a tiny volume around the beam waist,with practically no absorption in any other locationalong the beam path. If the absorbed energyovercomes the optical breakdown threshold, acavitation bubble is generated, and its expansionresults in the propulsion of a small fraction of liquidwhich can be collected on a substrate, leading to theprinting of a microdroplet for each laser pulse. Thetechnique does not require the preparation of theliquid in thin film form, and its forward mode ofoperation imposes no restriction concerning theoptical properties of the substrate. We demonstratethat the technique is capable of printingmicrodroplets with good resolution, reproducibilityand control, and analyze the influence of the mainprocess parameters. The mechanisms of liquidprinting are also investigated: time-resolvedimaging provides a clear picture of the dynamics ofliquid transfer which allows understanding the mainfeatures observed in the printed droplets.
Pulse Laser Deposition method for UV-Photocathode production
Authors: Brendel V.M. , Bukin V.V. , Garnov S.V. , Bagdasarov V.Ch. , Denisov N.N. , Garanin S.G. , Terehin V.A. , Trutnev U.A.
Published: November 2022

Production method of alkali halides UVphotocathodes durable to environment exposure was proposed. Photocathodes with highhomogeneous and adhesion photoemission layerwere made. Quantum yield measurements results ofmanufactured photocathodes are presented.Developed method is promising for creation of highaperture electron injectors and detectors.
Influence of Submillisecond Er-Laser Pulses on Mechanical Properties of Hard Tooth Tissues
Authors: Belikov A.V. , Shatilova K.V. , Skrypnik A.V.
Published: November 2022

In this paper the influence of pulse duration, pulse repetition rate, pulse number (at single point), and pulse energy of YLF: Er laser radiation with λ=2.84 μm on mechanical properties of human hard tooth tissues was studied. It was found that the multi-pulses action of this laser radiation with pulse energy below hard tooth tissues ablation threshold promotes increase in the microhardness of enamel at 25% and microhardness of dentine at 35%. Such research can open new perspectives in esthetic and preventive dentistry.
Raman structural study of random olefin copolymers
Authors: Zavgorodnev Yu.V. , Prokhorov K.A. , Nikolaeva G.Yu. , Sagitova E.A. , Pashinin P.P. , Kovalchuk A.A. , Klyamkina A.N. , Nedorezova P.M. , Novokshonova L.A. , Ushakova T.M. , Starchak E.E. , Shklyaruk B.F. , Guseva M.A. , Donfack P. , Materny A.
Published: November 2022

In this work we present Raman study of random copolymers of ethylene and propylene with a number of α-olefins, and investigation of the relationships between the spectral characteristics of the Raman lines and the copolymer structural properties. For both the copolymers we observed rapid decrease in the crystallinity and conformational order as the content of the incorporated monomer increases.
Signal Enhancement in Disperse Solutions for the Analysis of Biomedical Samples by Photothermal Spectroscopy
Authors: Proskurnin M.A. , Volkov D.S. , Ryndina E.S. , Nedosekin D.A. , Zharov V.P.
Published: November 2022

Photothermal lens spectrometry not only shows high sensitivity of colored heme protein determination, but also provides a change in the sensitivity compared to the theoretical values due to changes in the heat transfer in dispersed media. This can be used for estimating the size of disperse particles exemplified by hemoglobin cyanide, photothermal examination of the state of existence of hemoglobin in highly saline solutions by changes in photothermal properties upon dissociation of hemoglobin tetramers into dimers and monomers. The example of determination of contrast agents (dyes) in blood as the versification of the platform of photoacoustic/photothermal measurement of circulating blood volume is shown.
The resonance fluorescence spectra of N two-level quantum systems located around the spherical nanoantenna
Authors: Vladimirova Yu.V. , Klimov V.V. , Pastukhov V.M. , Zadkov V.N.
Published: November 2022

Modification of the resonance fluorescence spec-trum of a two-level atom driving by a lasermonochromatic field in the close proximity of aplasmonic nanostructure (metal sphere) is studiedin detail. It is shown that one can control thisspectrum varying four key parameters: distancebetween the atom and the nanosphere, atom’s lo-cation around the nanosphere, the radius of thenanosphere, and polarization of the incident ra-diation. These parameters affect the local fieldenchancement, transition frequency shift and themodification of the radiative decay rate of the atominteracting with the nanosphere, which lead tomodification of the resonance fluorescence spec-trum of the atom (frequency shift of the satellitelines in the Mollow-type triplet, widths of the lines,the spectrum intensity) by contrast with that onein free space. The permittivity of the metal thenanosphere is made of is also an additional param-eter, which defines the nonradiative decay. The lat-ter in combination with other parameters allows tocontinuously control the transition from resonancefluorescence enhancement to its quenching. Thecalculation results are generalized to the case ofN two-level atoms, distributed around the nanopar-ticle in the close proximity of its surface. Thecalculations were performed for different positionsof the detector relative to the system nanoparticle-atom(s).
A Robust image watermarking for copyright protection using Multiresolution Walsh-Hadamard transform and Schur using Differential evolution
Authors: K Swaraja , K Meenakshi , Ch Ushakumari , D Kishore
Published: November 2022

\textit{Background} The proposed watermarking framework is based on the multi-resolution Walsh-Hadamard Transform (MR-WHT) along with Schur factorization. For embedding, the cover image is converted into a frequency domain using MR-WHT before Schur factorization is applied. \textit{Methods} The upper triangle's highest stable eigenvalues in the Schur factorization are employed as reliable embedding locations for the watermark. The singular values of these coefficients are updated with the singular values of the watermark, and the matrix array generated by the biggest eigenvalues is further factorised by singular value decomposition using multiple scaling factors and Differential evolution (DE). Later, an inverse SVD, inverse Schur, and inverse multiresolution Walsh-Hadamard transform is executed to obtain a watermarked image. \textit{Results} The simulation results show that the proposed method is imperceptible and robust against existing watermarking algorithms used in the literature.
COVID-19 associated acute neurological manifestations in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pallempati Bhanu Thejaswi , BB Darshan , Jha Abhavya , Jinugu Vishnu Teja , Ramapuram John T , Chowta Nithyananda K , Holla Ramesh , Dsouza Nikhil Victor , Achappa Basavaprabhu
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 has become a major cause of concern globally for the past couple of years considering the number of lives it has claimed. The spectrum of clinical manifestations related to nervous system ranged from ageusia, anosmia to stroke and encephalopathies. The burden of follow-up and review currently lies in front of us, considering the rise of post COVID manifestations in patients.

The objective of this research is to determine the neurological complications of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

METHODS

The current study is a record-based retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The records of patients admitted to the hospital between January 2021 and July 2021 were reviewed. The information was assessed and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The results are expressed in the form of mean, standard deviation and proportions.

RESULTS

1,000 patients admitted with coronavirus were assessed, and 36 patients with a neurological diagnosis available were found. The mean age was 57.1±1.6 years. Most of the neurological diagnosis included cerebrovascular accidents in 44.4% patients followed by hypokalaemia in 25% of patients. Diabetes mellitus (58.3%) and hypertension (47.2%) were found to be the major contributing co-morbidities. There was a significant association seen between the final diagnosis and the age groups (p=0.039).

CONCLUSIONS

This research would aid in adapting to better management guidelines as well as an integrated approach to neurovascular complications of the same in future. This is vital considering the increase in various short-term and long-terms effects being reported in the hospitals.
Should parents be present during paediatric resuscitation? A systematic review
Authors: Cochrane Nicola , Donnelly Peter
Published: November 2022

Objective:

This systematic review collates and appraises the current evidence to establish if parents benefit from being present during paediatric resuscitation.

Design:

Ovid Medline was used. Of 310 papers, eight met the inclusion criteria, with a further paper identified through reference searching. Nine papers were reviewed, and themes identified within each study were noted. Areas of overlap were identified and descriptive analysis was performed, allowing us to make recommendations for future practice.

Results:

Two hypothetical studies surveying a total of 935 parents, found that 83.4–85% would wish to be present in the event of their child's resuscitation. Seven papers studied the parents of a total of 272 children who underwent resuscitation. These showed parents benefitted from being present. Four themes were identified: Reduction of parental anxiety Providing comfort to the child Understanding and processing Parental right to be there.

Conclusion:

The majority of parents perceive a benefit from being present during their child's resuscitation.
Difference and disability in schools: Participation or isolation?
Authors: Stobbs Philippa
Published: November 2022

The D of SEND can risk passing unnoticed under the radar. A new guide sets out the legal duties that schools must meet when it comes to supporting disabled students. Its author Philippa Stobbs offers four vital considerations for schools
A Brief History of Finite Element Method and Its Applications to Computational Electromagnetics
Authors: Selleri Stefano
Published: November 2022

The development of the finite element method is traced, from its deepest roots, reaching back to the birth of calculus of variations in the 17th century, to its earliest steps, in parallel with the advent of computers, up to its applications in electromagnetics and its flourishing as one of the most versatile numerical methods in the field. A survey on papers published on finite elements, and on ACES Journal in particular, is also included.
Research on Cloud Computing Task Scheduling Based on PSOMC
Authors: Li Kun , Jia Liwei , Shi Xiaoming
Published: November 2022

How to better reduce the task scheduling time and consumption cost in cloud computing has always been a hot topic of current research. In this paper, we propose a cloud computing task scheduling strategy based on the fusion of Particle Swarm Optimization and Membrane Computing. Firstly, a task scheduling model with time function and cost function as the target is proposed, secondly, on the basis of particle swarm algorithm, chaos operation is used in population initialization to improve the diversity of rich understanding, adaptive weight factor based on sinusoidal function is used to avoid the algorithm falling into local optimum, Membrane Computing is used in individual screening to improve the quality of individual solutions, and finally, in The performance of the PSOMC algorithm is illustrated by comparing six benchmark test functions in simulation experiments, and it is also verified that the completion time and consumption cost are significantly better than those of the ACO, PSO and MC algorithms for different number of tasks.
Identifying the Facilitating Factors for Web-based Trading: A Case Study of Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Hwang Hyun-Seok , Kim Su-Yeon
Published: November 2022

Blockchain, which is spotlighted as one of the core technologies in the Web 3.0 era, is being used as a tool for high security and decentralization. In addition, blockchain has been positioned as a core technology for services such as cryptocurrency, NFT, De-Fi, and metaverse, and has already provided high-quality services. In particular, cryptocurrency has shown rapid growth and has been receiving worldwide attention. Cryptocurrency is a web technology and has the property that it can be an investment target, and it is expected to develop further in the future. In this research, we analyzed factors influencing the intention to use cryptocurrency and structural causalities among the factors. We considered personal characteristics, characteristics of cryptocurrency itself, and social characteristic, and a research model has been established for an empirical study. In addition, a multi-group analysis was performed to identify differences between users and non-users. As a result of the analysis, it was found that some of the personal characteristics and cryptocurrency characteristics affect the intention to use. And in the case of non-users, it was found that not only personal and cryptocurrency characteristics, but also social characteristic influence their intention to use. The results of this research are expected to provide implications for cryptocurrency service providers and users, as well as institutions that establish related policies.
A Large-scale Empirical Assessment of Web API Size Evolution
Authors: Lauro Fabio Di , Serbout Souhaila , Pautasso Cesare
Published: November 2022

Like any other type of software, also Web Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) evolve over time. In the case of widely used API, introducing changes is never a trivial task, because of the risk of breaking thousands of clients relying on the API. In this paper we conduct an empirical study over a large collection of OpenAPI descriptions obtained by mining open source repositories. We measure the speed at which Web APIs change and how changes affect their size, simply defined as the number of operations. The dataset of API descriptions was collected over a period of one year and includes APIs with histories spanning across up to 7 years of commits. The main finding is that APIs tend to grow, although some do reduce their size, as shown in the case study examples included in the appendix.
Diversity of diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia
Authors: Sopialena Sopialena , SOFIAN SOFIAN , NURDIANA J.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Sopialena, Sofian, Nurdiana J. 2019. Diversity of diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 55-62. This research aimed to identify the diversity of diseases that are becoming the main threat to four paddy varieties in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Though similar studies have been conducted, to our knowledge, this research brings significant findings related to the diverse categories of plant diseases in the specific geographical area. The study was performed in Sidomulyo village, Anggana district using a purposive sampling method. From the selected paddy fields in the size of 2x2 square meters, the samples then were identified. Further analysis was performed on every suspected infected part of the plants. The results showed that there are five dominant plant diseases found, i.e., Blast disease, brown spot, narrow brown spot, false smut, and Sheath blight. Whereas the main cause of the diseases recorded are fungus and bacteria, i.e., Pyricularia grisae (Cke) Sacc., Cercospora oryzae Miyake., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., Helminthosporium oryzae L., Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke) Tak.), and Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae Dye.
Short Communication: Growth performance, and blood profile of kampong chicken fed diets containing Moringa oleifera powder and liquid
Authors: Adli Danung Nur
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Adli DN. 2020. Short Communication: Growth performance, and blood profile of kampong chicken fed diets containing Moringa oleifera powder and liquid. Asian J Agric 4: 83-86. The research purpose is to carry out the possible effect of Moringa oleifera on Growth performance, and intestinal properties of Lohmann broiler. 80 one-day-old kampongs were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments and 4 replicates of 5 birds per cage. Four treatments used for research were dietary with control (T0), basal diet + M. oleifera 80 g (T1), Drinking water + 2 mL/L M. oleifera (T2), and basal feed + M. oleifera 80 g+ drinking water 2 mL/L M. oleifera (T3). The results showed that using M. oleifera presented no significant difference (P < 0.05) on body weight gain at 1-35 days and intestinal properties. The microstructure didn't affect negatively to its structure. In conclusion, addition of M. oleifera does not impact growth performance, and but can reduce amount of glucose in kampong chicken.
Flat bands and quasi-bound states in the continuum in a photonic Moiré lattice
Authors: Nasidi Ibrahim , Hao Ran , Jin ShangZhong , Li Erping
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes flat bands and quasi-bound states in the continuum (Q-BIC) in a moiré lattice. In addition to the inter-layer coupling and small rotation angle, we show that the inter-node coupling in a single-layer moiré lattice can be controlled to obtain moiré flat bands. Unlike any flat bands reported in lattices such as kagome, rhombus, Lieb, and stub, we show that the moiré lattice exhibits both singular and non-singular flat bands simultaneously. We investigate the flat band’s eigenmodes to confirm their flatness and assess their singularity. The robustness of the flat bands to variation of background permittivity

ε
b

is studied. Moreover, by further engineering the inter-node distance, the moiré flat band states change to a quasi-bound state at a non-zero wave vector. The Q-BIC exhibit an ultra-high quality factor (Q-factor) of

2.7142
×

10
6

, ultra-low mode volume of

0.214318

µ

m

3

, and very narrow linewidth centred at 350.54 THz. We demonstrate the capability of the Q-BIC for lasing and nanocavity applications. Our results show that a single-layer photonic moiré lattice provides a suitable platform to explore fundamental phenomena related to flat band systems.