bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the enhancement produced by priming in cottonseeds maintained during storage?
Authors: Toselli María Eugenia , Casenave Ester Celina
Published: November 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate: a) whether the effects of hydropriming and osmopriming in manitol on cottonseed germination are maintained during their storage; b) whether the behavior of the treated seeds -in storage- depends on the type of priming substrate used; c) whether seeds from different harvest years [age] have a similar response. The effects of 16 h of hydropriming and 41 h in mannitol were tested at 18 and 25 ÂºC on the velocity of germination, standard germination and the vigor in cottonseeds from the 2007 and 2008 harvests, and within 0, 6 and 12 months of postpriming storage. The enhancement produced by the priming treatments used remained at least for 6 months in the case of hydropriming and 12 months for osmopriming in mannitol. The latter was more effective in increasing velocity of germination and the vigor index (CWVI). Priming enhanced the behavior in both seed lots but was more effective on the younger seeds.
Prevalence and factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome in elderly users of the Unified Health System
Authors: Vieira Edna Cunha , Peixoto Maria do Rosário Gondim , Silveira Erika Aparecida da
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the elderly. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with 133 individuals randomly selected in the Unified Health System in Goiania, Goiás. The following variables were researched: anthropometric (BMI, waist circumference, fat percentage by Dual X-ray absorptiometry), sociodemographic (gender, age, color, income, marital status and years of schooling), lifestyle (physical activity, smoking and risk alcohol consumption) and food intake (risk and protective foods). The metabolic syndrome was assessed according to harmonized criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The combinations were tested by Poisson regression for confounding factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 58.65% (95%CI 49.8 - 67.1), with 60.5% (95%CI 49.01 - 71.18) for females and 55.7% (95%CI 41.33 - 69.53) for males. Hypertension was the most prevalent component of the syndrome in both men, with 80.8% (95%CI 64.5 - 90.4), and women, with 85.2% (95%CI 75.5 - 92.1). After the multivariate analysis, only the excess of weight measured by body mass index (prevalence ratio = 1.66; p < 0.01) remained associated with the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this sample was high, indicating the need for systematic actions by health workers in the control of risk factors through prevention strategies and comprehensive care to the elderly.
Overweight among children under five years of age in municipalities of the semiarid region
Authors: Oppitz Isabel Nunes , Cesar Juraci Almeida , Neumann Nelson Arns
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence and to identify factors associated with overweight among children under five years old living in two municipalities in the semiarid region of Piauí, Brazil. METHODS: Previously trained interviewers visited all of the households in these municipalities and applied standard questionnaires to the mothers of the children. The questionnaires sought information on: the demographic characteristics of the mother and children, the family's socioeconomic status, care received during pregnancy and at childbirth, breastfeeding and dietary patterns. Overweight (>+ 1 standard deviation from the median to the reference population) was calculated transforming body mass index into Z scores, according to the standard by the World Health Organization (WHO). The statistical analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight among the 1,640 children evaluated was of 30.2% (95%CI 27.9 - 32.4). This prevalence varied from 13.2% among children born weighing less than 2,500 g to 43.4% among those aged 12 to 23 months. Adjusted analysis showed that the prevalence ratios (PR) for overweight in children aged 48 to 59 months was 1.42 (1.07 - 1.86) for overweight compared to those aged between 0 and 11 months, whereas children pertaining to the highest quartile income showed PR = 1.44 (1.17 - 1.76) when compared to the lowest quartile. Finally, children born with weight ≥ 3500 g, the PR for overweight was 2.32 (1.33 - 4.05) in relation to those born with low weight (< 2500 g). CONCLUSION: Even in the semiarid region, the prevalence of overweight is high, and the need for early intervention to change this situation seems to be evident.
Barriers to control syphilis and HIV vertical transmission in the health care system in the city of Sao Paulo
Authors: Ramos Valdete Maria , Figueiredo Elisabeth Niglio de , Succi Regina Célia de Menezes
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify possible barriers to control vertical transmission of syphilis and HIV through the analysis of the orientation process of pregnant women from prenatal care to the obstetric center at an university hospital in Sao Paulo (Reference) and their return (with their exposed babies) for follow-up after hospital discharge (counter-reference). METHODS: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study including interviews with healthcare personnel. Pregnant women with syphilis and/or HIV-infection admitted for labor or miscarriage were identified from August 2006 to August 2007. Routine care for mothers and babies were analyzed. RESULTS: 56 pregnant women were identified: 43 were HIV-infected, 11 had syphilis and two were coinfected (syphilis/HIV); 22 health care professionals were interviewed. Prenatal care was identified in 91.1% of these women: 7/11 (63.6%) with syphilis; 44/45 (97.8%) HIV-infected or coinfected. The reference for delivery was satisfactory for 57.7% of the syphilis-infected women and 97.7% of the HIV-infected ones. The counter-reference was satisfactory for all babies and mothers at hospital discharge, besides the non-adherence to this recommendation. Interviews with health care professionals showed there are better routines for assisting and following-up pregnant women, puerperal women and HIV-infected or exposed babies than for those infected with syphilis. The epidemiological report and surveillance system are also better for HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION: The difficulties in the reference and counter-reference system of these women and their babies are evident barriers to control the vertical transmission of these infectious diseases.
Perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity among high school students from Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos , Lanzoni Alessandra Nunes , Hino Adriano Akira Ferreira , Rodriguez-Añez Ciro Romélio , Reis Rodrigo Siqueira
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity (PA) in high school students from Curitiba (PR), Brazil. METHODS: A sample of 1,611 high school students from public schools was surveyed. The PA was assessed through questions, engaged for at least 20 minutes or 60 minutes. Perceptions on neighborhood environment were assessed through ten questions about neighborhood characteristics. Gender, age and number of cars in the household were self-reported and used as confounding variables. Absolute and relative frequencies were used in the sample, and associations were tested through adjusted logistic regressions for the confounding variables and stratified by gender (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The adjusted analyses showed that the variables "interesting things" among girls (OR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.05 - 2.96) and "there are places I like" (OR = 2.18; 95%CI 1.33 - 3.58) and "I see people my age", among boys, were associated with PA of at least 20 minutes/day once a week. Additionally, among boys, "I see people my age" was associated with 60-minute (OR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.15 - 2.45). Perceiving the neighborhood environment as "very good" was associated with higher chances of taking up PA among girls (OR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.15 - 3.22) and boys (OR = 3.13; 95%CI 1.97 - 4.97). CONCLUSION: A positive perception of the environment was associated to PA practice among boys and girls in this sample. The results suggest that some environmental characteristics which make neighborhoods more attractive could be related to PA among adolescents.
Smoking in adults in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil: a population-based study
Authors: Martinelli Patricia Merly , Lopes Creso Machado , Muniz Pascoal Torres , Souza Orivado Florencio de
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between smoking and socioeconomic status, and to analyze the profile of smokers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study conducted with 1,512 adults living in urban and rural areas. Information about demographic aspects, socioeconomic status and smoking habits were collected through home interviews. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking was of 19.9%. Males had a higher prevalence (22.7%) in contrast to females (17.6%). By age, a higher prevalence was observed at 50 - 59 years in males (30.9%) and at 40 - 49 years in females (23.8%). A linear trend was observed between the higher prevalence of smoking and the lower amount of years of education and income (p < 0.05). The profile of smokers indicated that the majority, in both genders, began smoking at age 15, smoked between 1 and 10 cigarettes per day, lit the first cigarette of the day 60 minutes after waking up and had tried to quit smoking at least twice. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of smoking is a relevant public health problem in Rio Branco. Community actions must be implemented for the prevention and control of tobacco use.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential: evaluation of speech detection in adult hearing aid users
Authors: Durante Alessandra Spada , Wieselberg Margarita Bernal , Carvalho Sheila , Costa Nayara , Pucci Beatriz , Gudayol Nicolly , Almeida Kátia de
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To analyze the presence of auditory cortical potential and its correlation with psychoacoustic detection of speech sounds as well as the latency of the P1, N1 e P2 components presented in free field in hearing impaired adults with and without amplification.Methods:We evaluated 22 adults with moderate to severe symmetrical bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, regular users of bilateral hearing aids. Speech sounds of low (/m/), medium (/g/) and high (/t/) frequencies were presented in sound field in decreasing intensities of 75, 65 and of 55 dBSPL in free field with and without hearing aids. The used equipment performs automatic statistical detection of the presence of response; forthermore, the latencies of waves P1, N1 e P2 were labeled and the psychoacoustic perception was registered.Results:The results demonstrated the increased presence of cortical response with hearing aids. We observed the correlation between psychoacoustic perception and automatic detection of 91% for the sounds /g/ and /t/ and ranged from 73 to 86% for the sound /m/. The averages of latencies P1-P2-N1 decreased with both increasing intensity and the use of hearing aids for the three sounds. The differences were significant for the sounds /g/ and /t/ in comparison with and without hearing aids.Conclusion:There was increase in the presence of cortical auditory evoked potential with hearing aids. Automatic detection of cortical response provided with hearing aids showed 91% agreement with the psychoacoustic perception of the speech signal. In the analysis of latency measures of the P1, N1 and P2 components, it was observed a decrease with the increase of the signal intensity and the use of amplification for the three speech stimuli /m/, /g/ and /t/.
Screening tools for dysphagia: a systematic review
Authors: Etges Camila Lucia , Scheeren Betina , Gomes Erissandra , Barbosa Lisiane De Rosa
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To perform a systematic review of screening instruments for dysphagia available in the literature.Methods:For the selection of studies, the following descriptors were used: "questionários", "questionnaires", "transtornos de deglutição", "deglutition disorders", "programas de rastreamento", and "mass screening". The online databases used for the research were Virtual Health Library (LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO) and PubMed. The research was performed from April to June 2013. Selection criteria articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, regardless of the year of publication, whose title, abstract, or text had any relation to the purpose of the research. After reading the articles in their entirety, identification data and method of the articles were extracted for later analysis.Results:The research carried out from the proposed descriptors produced 1,012 articles. After reviewing the titles, summaries, and fully reading the articles, 20 studies were chosen. The publications on instruments for the identification of dysphagic patients started in 1999, and 50% of the analyzed studies were carried out in the USA. The methods used on the instruments were questionnaires, observation of patient's clinical signals and symptoms, the request for execution of some orofacial movements, and swallowing test with water or food.Conclusion:Screening instruments in dysphagia are fairly heterogeneous and have been developed for different audiences with the main objective of identifying patients with swallowing disorders.
Construindo o significado da amamentação a partir da assistência de enfermagem
Authors: Silva Isilia Aparecida
Published: November 2014

A partir dos referenciais do Interacionismo Simbólico e da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, buscou-se compreender o significado atribuído pelo acadêmico de enfermagem à amamentação e à sua intervenção, neste processo. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que o aluno vivência sua experiência em relação à amamentação e ao seu processo de aprendizagem, no assistir à nutriz e ao seu filho, expressos por dois temas: construindo uma visão sobre a amamentação e construindo a assistência à amamentação. Estes temas retratam o processo evolutivo técnico e conceitual do aluno sobre a assistência em amamentação e sua percepção do vir a ser enfermeiro, atribuindo significados à sua atuação no processo vivenciado pela mulher e seu filho.
Os hospitais: lugar de doentes e de outros personagens menos referenciados
Authors: Ornellas Cleuza Panisset
Published: November 2014

Os hospitais foram, desde sua origem, um lugar de recolhimento e abrigo de doentes. A igreja, na Idade Média, fundou hospitais nos mosteiros, onde os doentes recebiam cuidados e assistência, antes religiosa que terapêutica. Ao final da Idade Média, os hospitais tornaram-se um lugar de exclusão, para onde foram encaminhados os loucos, os leprosos e os mendigos, juntamente com os doentes. Com o surgimento da clínica, o hospital tornou-se o espaço privilegiado onde os doentes puderam ser observados e a arte de cuidar consolidou-se. A apreensão das práticas de cuidar pelo modo de produção capitalista muda o caráter acolhedor do hospital, que passa a ser um instrumento de trabalho, espaço produtivo não só de tratamentos mas, principalmente, de valores.
Enfermeira interagindo terapeuticamente com paciente idosa em depressão crônica
Authors: Osinaga Vera Lúcia Mendiondo , Scatena Maria Cecília Morais , Rodrigues Antonia Regina Furegato
Published: November 2014

No modelo humanista de assistência, procuramos analisar a experiência vivida por uma enfermeira interagindo com paciente em depressão crônica. Era uma paciente atendida no Núcleo de Apoio Psicossocial (NAPS), de 60 anos de idade, apresentando sintomas depressivos, próprios de sua idade, acentuados provavelmente por suas experiências de sofrimento durante o percurso de vida. Foi uma interação terapêutica visto que foi abordado o assunto de interesse da paciente (e não o do interesse da enfermeira); o ritmo da comunicação foi determinado pela paciente; a enfermeira (exceto no início quando estava um pouco ansiosa) acompanhou suas comunicações, aproximou-se fisicamente quando foi preciso; interveio somente nos momentos adequados; inspirou a confiança necessária para que ela pudesse falar de sentimentos íntimos; ajudou-a a recuperar-se quando se mostrou muito emocionada; conduziu segura, mas com atitude compreensiva, até que a paciente se sentisse mais tranqüila para deixá-la; demonstrou que poderia ajudá-la em outros momentos caso ela sentisse necessidade. A interação atingiu seu objetivo ajudando a paciente e sendo tecnicamente adequada nos aspectos diagnóstico e terapêutico.
Projeto de implantação das anotações de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica
Authors: Canello Blessane Lipski , Muntsch Sandra
Published: November 2014

O projeto, realizado na UTI Geral do Hospital Infantil, em Curitiba, Paraná, permitiu vivenciar praticas de enfermagem no tratamento da criança hospitalizada em estado grave e em situações concretas do cotidiano. Ao início do trabalho, percebeu-se a ausência de qualquer registro de cuidados de enfermagem, através de várias situações que, algumas vezes, colocavam em risco o tratamento da criança pela precariedade de informações e pela forma Taylorizada da assistência de enfermagem. A partir do diagnóstico do processo de registros de enfermagem, discutiu-se co m a equipe a construção do projeto, elaborou-se um formulário para as anotações e dois manuais (Anotações de Enfermagem e Noções de Farmacologia) para o treinamento e acompanhamento dos profissionais. A implantação do projeto proporcionou uma maior interação paciente-enfermagem na assistência e incentivou, através da forma sistematizada dos registros das informações, um trabalho interdisciplinar, além da organização da assistência de enfermagem, resultando em maior qualidade e credibilidade da assistência.
Public-domain software for root image analysis
Authors: Costa Mirian Cristina Gomes , Cunha Isabela Maria de Lima , Jorge Lúcio André de Castro , Araújo Isabel Cristina da Silva
Published: November 2014

In the search for high efficiency in root studies, computational systems have been developed to analyze digital images. ImageJ and Safira are public-domain systems that may be used for image analysis of washed roots. However, differences in root properties measured using ImageJ and Safira are supposed. This study compared values of root length and surface area obtained with public-domain systems with values obtained by a reference method. Root samples were collected in a banana plantation in an area of a shallower Typic Carbonatic Haplic Cambisol (CXk), and an area of a deeper Typic Haplic Ta Eutrophic Cambisol (CXve), at six depths in five replications. Root images were digitized and the systems ImageJ and Safira used to determine root length and surface area. The line-intersect method modified by Tennant was used as reference; values of root length and surface area measured with the different systems were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and compared by the confidence interval and t-test. Both systems ImageJ and Safira had positive correlation coefficients with the reference method for root length and surface area data in CXk and CXve. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.54 to 0.80, with lowest value observed for ImageJ in the measurement of surface area of roots sampled in CXve. The IC (95 %) revealed that root length measurements with Safira did not differ from that with the reference method in CXk (-77.3 to 244.0 mm). Regarding surface area measurements, Safira did not differ from the reference method for samples collected in CXk (-530.6 to 565.8 mm²) as well as in CXve (-4231 to 612.1 mm²). However, measurements with ImageJ were different from those obtained by the reference method, underestimating length and surface area in samples collected in CXk and CXve. Both ImageJ and Safira allow an identification of increases or decreases in root length and surface area. However, Safira results for root length and surface area are closer to the results obtained with the reference method.
Indicadores biológicos de dois solos com a incorporação de subproduto da agroindústria de café
Authors: Padilha Karoline de Melo , Freire Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos , Duda Gustavo Pereira , Santos Uemeson José dos , Silva Aline Oliveira , Souza Edivan Rodrigues de
Published: November 2014

A adição de subprodutos orgânicos ao solo pode ocasionar mudanças na dinâmica da matéria orgânica dele, influenciando a atividade e utilização do carbono pelos microrganismos presentes nele. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da aplicação de doses crescentes de subproduto da agroindústria de café nos atributos biológicos de dois solos com textura distinta, em diferentes tempos de incubação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 8, sendo dois solos e oito doses de subproduto de café, com cinco repetições. Foram realizadas coletas de subamostras dos solos aos 30, 60, 90 e 125 dias após a incorporação do subproduto nesses. Nessas datas foram avaliados o carbono microbiano (C-CBM), a respiração basal microbiana (RBM) e o carbono orgânico total (COT). A adição do subproduto do café proporcionou aumentos nos valores de C-CBM, C-CO2 e COT dos dois solos utilizados. A maior atividade microbiana ocorreu no período de 30 dias, com maior liberação de C-CO2; o COT foi superior no solo argiloso por ele permitir maior proteção dos compostos orgânicos à decomposição pelos microrganismos.
Effects of pig slurry application on soil physical and chemical properties and glyphosate mobility
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Aparecida de , Pinheiro Adilson , Veiga Milton da
Published: November 2014

Pig slurry applied to soil at different rates may affect soil properties and the mobility of chemical compounds within the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rates of pig slurry application in agricultural areas on soil physical and chemical properties and on the mobility of glyphosate through the soil profile. The study was carried out in the 12th year of an experiment with pig slurry applied at rates of 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha-1 yr-1 on a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Hapludox) soil. In the control, the quantities of P and K removed by harvested grains were replaced in the next crop cycle. Soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity, texture, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) and chemical properties (organic matter, pH, extractable P, and exchangeable K) were measured. Soil solution samples were collected at depths of 20, 40 and 80 cm using suction lysimeters, and glyphosate concentrations were measured over a 60-day period after slurry application. Soil physical and chemical properties were little affected by the pig slurry applications, but soil pH was reduced and P levels increased in the surface layers. In turn, K levels were increased in sub-surface layers. Glyphosate concentrations tended to decrease over time but were not affected by pig slurry application. The concentrations of glyphosate found in different depths show that the pratice of this application in agricultural soils has the potential for contamination of groundwater, especially when the water table is the surface and heavy rains occur immediately after application.
Redução de haste verde e retenção foliar na soja em razão de maior disponibilidade de nitrogênio pelo tratamento de sementes
Authors: Fávero Fernando , Lana Maria do Carmo
Published: November 2014

Problemas relacionados à retenção foliar e maturação desuniforme na cultura da soja têm sido relatados em várias regiões do país, inclusive no Estado do Paraná, desafiando pesquisadores brasileiros. Várias hipóteses já foram levantadas sobre o desequilíbrio nutricional das plantas e intensificação do problema, porém nenhuma com conclusão definitiva. Com o objetivo de avaliar como a disponibilidade de N via inoculação e uso de Co e Mo no tratamento de sementes, associado ao uso de fungicida e inseticida, pode minimizar a retenção foliar e haste verde, instalou-se um ensaio no campo da Estação Experimental da Copacol, em Cafelândia, PR. Oito combinações de produtos foram usadas no tratamento de sementes de soja, considerando a presença ou ausência de Co e Mo, inoculante e inseticida/fungicida. Avaliaram-se o teor de N foliar, a frequência de plantas anormais por ocasião da colheita, a porcentagem de vagens, com 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 grãos formados, o peso de 1000 grãos, o teor de umidade, a impureza na colheita e o rendimento de grãos. O uso do Co e Mo e a inoculação de sementes promoveram aumento do teor de N foliar na soja e reduziram o número de plantas anormais, refletindo positivamente no rendimento e seus componentes. Os resultados evidenciaram efeito positivo da melhor nutrição das plantas de soja com relação ao N na redução de haste verde e reafirmaram a necessidade do uso do Co e Mo e da inoculação de sementes.
Efeito do grau de moagem, do tipo de frasco e do volume vazio sobre a variabilidade analítica do fósforo extraído pelos métodos Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3
Authors: Santos Lenio da Silva , Silva Leandro Souza da , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Griebeler Gustavo
Published: November 2014

Na execução de uma análise química de solo são empregados diversos procedimentos que, mesmo seguindo-se o protocolo preconizado pelo método de análise utilizado, estão sujeitos a variações nos resultados analíticos, causadas por manipulação das amostras ou dos materiais utilizados. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a influência do grau de moagem da amostra, do tipo de frasco e do volume vazio no frasco na execução dos métodos Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3 para determinar o P no solo. Para tanto, foram conduzidos três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, as amostras de solo foram moídas e tamisadas em peneiras com aberturas de 2,000; 1,700; 0,850; 0,600; e 0,300 mm. No segundo, foram utilizados dois modelos de frasco (erlenmeyer e snap-cap), ambos com volume de 50 mL. Já no terceiro, foi alterado o volume vazio no frasco, mantendo-se a relação solo:solução extratora utilizando-se as quantidades dentro do frasco de 1:10; 1,5:15; 2,5:25; 3:30; e 4:40 cm³ cm-3. O grau de moagem das amostras não influenciou a capacidade de extração do Mehlich-1; entretanto, a capacidade extrativa do Mehlich-3 foi influenciada, principalmente em solos argilosos. Tanto para o Mehlich-1 quanto para o Mehlich-3, os teores de P extraído foram significativamente mais elevados com o uso de frasco tipo snap-cap em relação ao erlenmeyer. O volume vazio no frasco alterou os teores de P extraído para o Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3 em 100 e 64 % das amostras, respectivamente. Deve-se padronizar a intensidade da moagem das amostras de solo para extração do P pela solução de Mehlich-3. Um modelo único de frasco deve ser adotado pelos laboratórios de rotina para análise do P, independentemente do método de extração, mantendo-se sempre constante no frasco o volume da amostra (cm³) para o volume de solução extratora (cm³).
Animal manure phosphorus characterization by sequential chemical fractionation, release kinetics and 31P-NMR analysis
Authors: Tiecher Tales , Zafar Mohsin , Mallmann Fábio Joel Kochem , Bortoluzzi Edson Campanhola , Bender Marcos Antonio , Ciotti Lucas Henrique , Santos Danilo Rheinheimer dos
Published: November 2014

Phosphate release kinetics from manures are of global interest because sustainable plant nutrition with phosphate will be a major concern in the future. Although information on the bioavailability and chemical composition of P present in manure used as fertilizer are important to understand its dynamics in the soil, such studies are still scarce. Therefore, P extraction was evaluated in this study by sequential chemical fractionation, desorption with anion-cation exchange resin and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to assess the P forms in three different dry manure types (i.e. poultry, cattle and swine manure). All three methods showed that the P forms in poultry, cattle and swine dry manures are mostly inorganic and highly bioavailable. The estimated P pools showed that organic and recalcitrant P forms were negligible and highly dependent on the Ca:P ratio in manures. The results obtained here showed that the extraction of P with these three different methods allows a better understanding and complete characterization of the P pools present in the manures.
Effect of rock powder and vinasse on two types of soils
Authors: Lopes Otavio Mitsuhiro Motizuki , Carrilho Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins , Lopes-Assad Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro
Published: November 2014

Can vinasse accelerate the change of minerals in rock dust to obtain fertilizers, using residues from alcohol agro-industries and mining? Answering this question was the main objective of this study. Therefore, an experiment was set up in the laboratory in a completely randomized design using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) columns, in which the 0-50 cm layers of a clayey soil (eutroferric Red Oxisol) and sandy soil (Typic Quartzipsamment) were reproduced. We applied three different rates of basalt powder (0.0; 2.0, and 4.0 t ha-1) and one rate of vinasse (200 m³ ha-1) to the soils. The control was made by treatments with water (200 m³ ha-1) with the same rates of rock powder. Samples were first collected on the surface of each column (1, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days after the application of vinasse and rock powder), and, at the end of the experiment, at the various depths and in leached water, to determine pH and the concentration of soluble Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. There was a significant effect of the solvent and the soil on the surface layer, with higher concentrations found in the treatments with vinasse and in clayey soil, confirming the potential of vinasse to alter minerals in basalt powder. The resulting levels from the beginning to the end of the experiment suggest that sorption phenomena with neoformed mineral phases or organic acids may have occurred. It may be concluded that the use of rock powder and vinasse mixtures is a promising alternative for soil fertilization and recycling of waste from the sugarcane and mining industries.
Erosão hídrica pós-plantio em florestas de eucalipto na bacia do rio Paraná, no leste do Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Cândido Bernardo Moreira , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Curi Nilton , Batista Pedro Velloso Gomes
Published: November 2014

Nas regiões tropicais, o desgaste provocado no solo por ação das águas da chuva, ou seja, a erosão hídrica é a mais importante forma de degradação do solo. Visto que os plantios florestais de eucalipto estão inseridos em ecossistemas sensíveis às perturbações antrópicas em razão de ocorrência de plantações em solos com baixos teores de argila, com baixa fertilidade natural e grande parte das plantações estabelecidas em antigas áreas agrícolas e de pastagens degradadas, surge a necessidade do entendimento dos processos que regem a erosão hídrica e suas relações com as perdas de solo e água nos sistemas florestais. Objetivaram-se com este trabalho calcular os valores de erosividade da chuva (fator R - EI30), estimar a tolerância de perda de solo (T) para as classes representativas nas áreas de estudo, avaliar as perdas de solo e água por erosão hídrica e verificar a influência, por meio de análise de componentes principais (ACP), de atributos físicos e matéria orgânica do solo sobre a erosão hídrica em florestas de eucalipto no estádio de pós-plantio. Os tratamentos constituíram de diferentes sistemas de manejo dos resíduos e da disposição de plantio (nível e desnível), em dois biomas distintos, Cerrado e Floresta, e solo descoberto. Os solos foram classificados como Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico textura média-alta fase floresta (LVd1) e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico textura média-baixa fase cerrado (LVd2). O estudo foi realizado em áreas experimentais de plantio de eucalipto localizadas no município de Três Lagoas, na bacia do Rio Paraná, no leste do Mato Grosso do Sul. O índice de erosividade anual obtido foi de 6.792,7 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1. Os valores de T variaram de 9,0 a 11,0 Mg ha-1 ano-1, para o LVd2 e LVd1, respectivamente. As perdas de solo apresentaram valores em torno de 0 a 0,505 Mg ha-1 no LVd1 e de 0 a 0,853 Mg ha-1, no LVd2. A ACP evidenciou-se eficiente na discriminação dos sistemas de manejo em razão da interação entre os atributos físicos e matéria orgânica do solo e suas relações com a erosão hídrica, possibilitando visualizar de forma clara a influência do manejo sobre esses atributos e a relação de ambos com as perdas de solo e água.
Chemical and physical-hydric characterisation of a red latosol after five years of management during the summer between-crop season
Authors: Silva José Fausto Guimarães , Severiano Eduardo da Costa , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , Benites Vinícius de Melo , Guimarães Júnnyor Wellingthon da Silva , Bento José Carlos
Published: November 2014

Agricultural production systems that include the production of mulch for no-tillage farming and structural improvement of the soil can be considered key measures for agricultural activity in the Cerrado region without causing environmental degradation. In this respect, our work aimed to evaluate the chemical and physical-hydric properties of a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goias, Brazil, under different soil management systems in the between-crop season of soybean cultivation five years after first planting. The following conditions were evaluated: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu as a cover crop during the between-crop season; Second crop of maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis; Second crop of grain alone in a no-tillage system; Fallow soil after the soybean harvest; and Forest (natural vegetation) located in an adjacent area. Soil samples up to a depth of 40 cm were taken and used in the assessment of chemical properties and soil structure diagnostics. The results demonstrated that the conversion of native vegetation areas into agricultural fields altered the chemical and physical-hydric properties of the soil at all the depths evaluated, especially up to 10 cm, due to the activity of root systems in the soil structure. Cultivation of B. brizantha as a cover crop during the summer between-crop season increased soil water availability, which is important for agricultural activities in the region under study.
Biomass decomposition and nutrient release from black oat and hairy vetch residues deposited in a vineyard
Authors: Ferreira Paulo Ademar Avelar , Girotto Eduardo , Trentin Gustavo , Miotto Alcione , Melo George Wellington de , Ceretta Carlos Alberto , Kaminski João , Frari Bianca Knebel Del , Marchezan Carina , Silva Lincon Oliveira Stefanello , Faversani Jéssica Carolina , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: November 2014

A significant quantity of nutrients in vineyards may return to the soil each year through decomposition of residues from cover plants. This study aimed to evaluate biomass decomposition and nutrient release from residues of black oats and hairy vetch deposited in the vines rows, with and without plastic shelter, and in the between-row areas throughout the vegetative and productive cycle of the plants. The study was conducted in a commercial vineyard in Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil, from October 2008 to February 2009. Black oat (Avena strigosa) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) residues were collected, subjected to chemical (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and biochemical (cellulose - Cel, hemicellulose - Hem, and lignin - Lig content) analyses, and placed in litter bags, which were deposited in vines rows without plastic shelter (VPRWS), in vines rows with plastic shelter (VPRS), and in the between-row areas (BR). We collected the residues at 0, 33, 58, 76, and 110 days after deposition of the litter bags, prepared the material, and subjected it to analysis of total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content. The VPRS contained the largest quantities and percentages of dry matter and residual nutrients (except for Ca) in black oat residues from October to February, which coincides with the period from flowering up to grape harvest. This practice led to greater protection of the soil surface, avoiding surface runoff of the solution derived from between the rows, but it retarded nutrient cycling. The rate of biomass decomposition and nutrient release from hairy vetch residues from October to February was not affected by the position of deposition of the residues in the vineyard, which may especially be attributed to the lower values of the C/N and Lig/N ratios. Regardless of the type of residue, black oat or hairy vetch, the greatest decomposition and nutrient release mainly occurred up to 33 days after deposition of the residues on the soil surface, which coincided with the flowering of the grapevines, which is one of the phenological stages of greatest demand for nutrients.
Biodegradação de glifosato pela microbiota de solos cultivados com macieira
Authors: Andrighetti Marília Scopel , Nachtigall Gilmar Ribeiro , Queiroz Sonia Cláudia Nascimento de , Ferracini Vera Lúcia , Ayub Marco Antônio Záchia
Published: November 2014

O glifosato é um herbicida sistêmico, pós-emergente, não seletivo do grupo dos organofosforados, sendo amplamente usado em pomares de macieira no sul do Brasil, podendo causar consequências negativas para microrganismos benéficos do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de biodegradação do glifosato pela microbiota de solos de pomares de macieira, com diferentes históricos de aplicação do produto. Para isso, amostras de solos da região de Vacaria, RS, foram utilizadas, cuja biodegradação do glifosato foi avaliada monitorando a liberação de CO2 pelos microrganismos durante 32 dias, bem como quantificando os resíduos de glifosato e seu metabólito, o ácido aminometilfosfônico (AMPA), no início e no final do período pela extração seguida de análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Os resultados evidenciaram que houve degradação do glifosato pelos microrganismos edáficos durante o período avaliado com formação do metabólito AMPA. O glifosato diminuiu o número de bactérias do solo, porém favoreceu o aumento da atividade microbiana. As bactérias presentes nos solos com histórico de menor tempo de aplicação do herbicida apresentaram maior capacidade de degradação do produto, quando comparadas àquelas existentes em solos com maior período de aplicação de glifosato.
Sistema de avaliação de rendimento escolar do estado de São Paulo: mapeamento e tendências temáticas da produção científica brasileira (1996-2011)
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Rafael Gabriel de , Ignacio Calderón Adolfo
Published: November 2014

O presente artigo apresenta um mapeamento e análise das tendências temáticas da produção científica brasileira em torno do Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP), referente ao período de 1996 a 2011, sistematizando 42 estudos, entre teses de doutorado e dissertações de mestrado, a partir das seguintes categorias: área do conhecimento, linha do tempo da produção científica (cronologia), procedência institucional, distribuição regional, principais orientadores, eixos e tendências temáticas. Verificou-se uma disposição, por parte dos pesquisadores, em analisar os resultados dos alunos nas provas do SARESP, preocupações com os aspectos técnicos da constituição das avaliações e as produções dos alunos, especialmente nas áreas de Português e Matemática, bem como análises dos impactos desse formato avaliativo no contexto escolar. Constatou-se a predominância de uma comunidade epistêmica, hegemônica em termos teórico-discursivos, ancorada no paradigma do conflito.
A morada da língua portuguesa
Authors: Niskier Arnaldo
Published: November 2014

Temos raízes latinas muito sólidas, o que não foi suficiente para que o Acordo Ortográfico de Unificação da Língua Portuguesa, assinado em 1990, alcançasse a unanimidade desejável. Em Lisboa há um movimento sincronizado para colocar em dúvida as razões lexicográficas das pequenas mudanças propostas. A escritora Lygia Fagundes Telles, falando na Academia Brasileira de Letras, pediu que liderássemos uma cruzada favorável à língua portuguesa. Devemos melhorar o atual índice de leitura (2,4 livros por habitante) e ampliar significativamente o número de bibliotecas públicas em todo o País. A Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, de 1996, é muito sóbria em relação aos cuidados com a nossa língua. De nada adianta ensinar a ler e a escrever sem a garantia da permanência dos alunos nas escolas, lugar de "leitura crítica" e interpretativa do que lhe chega por intermédio da imagem e do som. Temos um dado positivo que é a publicação, em alguns dos maiores jornais brasileiros, de colunas de valorização da língua portuguesa. Este é um movimento extremamente saudável. Devemos prestar atenção à introjeção de termos ligados ao nosso desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. É um crescimento expressivo. A Academia Brasileira de Letras, a Casa de Machado de Assis, cumpre o que está no artigo 1º do seu Estatuto: zelar pela integridade da língua portuguesa. Para isso conta com o seu Vocabulário Ortográfico (600 mil verbetes) e o Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, na versão escolar, ambos trabalho da sua ativa Comissão Lexicográfica, que tem à frente a figura respeitável do filólogo e gramático Evanildo Bechara. Cuida-se para que a invasão de estrangeirismos não se torne excessiva e se evite o que o crítico Wilson Martins chamou muito apropriadamente de "desnacionalização linguística".
Nos limites da intervenção: a antropologia crítica de Didier Fassin
Authors: Kopper Moisés
Published: November 2014

Este artigo explora algumas tensões presentes na obra do antropólogo e médico Didier Fassin, a partir de uma análise de argumentos desenvolvidos em pesquisas na França, com desempregados e imigrantes, e na África do Sul do pós-apartheid, com base na epidemia de AIDS. Ao longo da análise, aponta-se para algumas das implicações do trabalho nos limites da crítica e da intervenção, bem como seus efeitos para repensar o papel da antropologia no mundo contemporâneo. Por fim, encerra-se com uma discussão de sua investigação mais recente - a proposição de uma antropologia moral - e como ela permite articular diferentes pontos de sua obra.
Influence of three rootstocks on yield and commercial quality of "Italian Sweet" pepper
Authors: Doñas-Uclés Francisco , Jiménez-Luna María del Mar , Góngora-Corral José Antonio , Pérez-Madrid Diego , Verde-Fernández David , Camacho-Ferre Francisco
Published: November 2014

Pepper crops (Capsicum annuum L.) represent a very important production sector in the Southeast of Spain. Specifically, in the province of Almería, approximately 7000 hectares are grown every year. Due to the economic importance that this crop has for the region and the withdrawal of soil fumigants from the market, agronomic techniques have been adopted with the aim of controlling some soil pathogens and increasing the yield and quality parameters of the fruits obtained. The use of grafted pepper plants is not, as yet, very well established in this region, due mainly to the lack of commercial rootstocks that satisfy the producers of this vegetable. In this experiment three pepper rootstocks were assessed. An experiment was designed with four treatments and three replications of each one (12 experimental plots), which were distributed in randomised blocks. Three of the treatments corresponded to grafted plants of the "Palermo" cultivar onto: "Oscos", "AR40" and "Tresor", using non-grafted "Palermo" cultivar as the control test. The average yield expressed in kg/plant, showed significant differences between grafted and non-grafted plants. The highest fruit weight was obtained in Palermo onto Tresor. The presence of Blossom end rot (BER) in the assessed fruits also showed significant differences between the different treatments, with the fruits from plants grafted onto Tresor showing a higher proportion of BER and the fruits coming from plants grafted onto AR40 showing the lowest proportion.
Physicochemical characteristics of wheat treated with diatomaceous earth and conventionally stored
Authors: Freo Janete Deliberali , Moraes Lidiane Borges Dias de , Santetti Gabriela Soster , Gottmannshausen Taís Luana , Elias Moacir Cardoso , Gutkoski Luiz Carlos
Published: November 2014

Studies show the efficacy of the use of diatomaceous earth for insect control, however, lack studies on the effects of physical and chemical properties of wheat flour added diatomaceous earth. The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical characteristics of wheat grains treated with increasingly higher dosages of diatomaceous earth and conventionally stored for a 180-day period. Samples containing 10 kg of wheat grains were treated with 0.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g kg-1 of diatomaceous earth and then conventionally stored. Analyses of grain hectoliter mass and ash content, as well as flour gluten content, flour color, alveography and farinography were performed at 0, 60, 120 and 180 days of storage. The experiment was carried out in a totally randomized design. The grain ash content and intensity of color component L* of wheat flour increase proportionally to the application of increasing doses of diatomaceous earth and longer storage periods. The grain hectoliter mass and values of +b* chromaticity coordinate, wet gluten content and gluten content in wheat flour diminish with the application of increasing doses of diatomaceous earth and longer storage periods. The gluten strength and dough stability of flour obtained from wheat grains without addition of diatomaceous earth increase with the storage period; this behavior was not observed in treatments with the application of 2.0 and 4.0 g kg-1 diatomaceous earth. The application of increasing doses of diatomaceous earth changes the physical and chemical characteristics of wheat grains stored, with consequent reduction of the flour technological quality.
Production of lipase extrated from aqueous waste: enzymatic activity kinetics
Authors: Oliveira Tatianne Ferreira de , Hidálgo Maria Raquel , Soares Júnior Manoel Soares
Published: November 2014

Lipases are an important group of enzymes with various applications in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industry, besides having great interest for the treatment of effluents with high lipid content. The objective of this study was to isolate, characterize and select lipolytic bacteria that produce lipase from aqueous waste effluents and to study the enzymatic activity kinetics of the extract obtained via submerged fermentation. The results obtained are promising, being possible to isolate and characterize 23 lipase-producing microorganisms, mostly gram-positive bacteria, but after the fermentation step in a liquid medium, gram negative bacteria showed the highest enzymatic activity (56.72 U.L-1 for STP 2A` bacterium and 81.99 U.L-1 for R2B). In the enzymatic activity kinetic study with the selected bacterium (R2B), among the six variables (temperature, pH, minimal mineral medium, soybean oil, glucose and sodium nitrate), temperature was the one that most positively influenced the enzymatic activity, and the best results were obtained at 40°C. It was concluded that the enzyme extract obtained from environmental waste may be used to treat the effluent and contribute to reduce environmental impacts.