bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What good is goodness? The effects of reference points on discrimination and categorization of shapes
Authors: Van Geert Eline , Wagemans Johan
Published: May 2022

Earlier research reported a category boundary effect on perception: Differences between stimuli belonging to the same category are perceived as smaller than differences between stimuli belonging to different categories even when the physical dissimilarity between the stimuli in the pairs is the same. In this paper, we propose that the existence of reference points (i.e., exemplars that serve as a point of comparison) can explain the occurrence of the category boundary effect as well as the directional asymmetries in within-category pairs. We investigated how reference points influence categorization and discrimination performance, using three different tasks: categorization, successive discrimination, and similarity judgment. We used both recognizable and non-recognizable morph figures as stimuli, assuming that recognizable series have clearer reference points. We replicated the overall category boundary effect for both discrimination and similarity and show the effect’s dependence on the strength of the reference points involved. The general category boundary effect is not a proper category boundary effect, however: rather than the type of stimulus pair presented (i.e., within- or between-category) one needs to take into account the distance from the reference points for each of the individual stimuli in the pair to actually predict discrimination performance and similarity judgments. These results provide evidence that reference points on a dimension and their strength have tangible consequences for how we perceive, categorize, and react to stimuli on that dimension. Moreover, our findings remind us of the danger of averaging without looking at underlying data patterns, and of the gains that can be made by seriously exploring consistent variability in extensive data sets.
Machine learning and deep learning systems for automated measurement of ‘advanced’ theory of mind: Reliability and validity in children and adolescents.
Authors: Devine Rory Thomas
Published: May 2022

Understanding individual differences in theory of mind (the ability to attribute mental states to others) in middle childhood and adolescence hinges on the availability of robust and scalable measures. Open-ended response tasks yield valid indicators of theory of mind but are labor intensive and difficult to compare across studies. We examined the reliability and validity of new machine learning and deep learning neural network automated scoring systems for measuring theory of mind in children and adolescents. Two large samples of British children and adolescents aged between 7 and 13 years (Sample 1: N = 1135, Mean Age = 10.22 years, SD = 1.45; Sample 2: N = 1020, Mean Age = 10.36 years, SD = 1.27) completed the Silent Film and Strange Stories tasks. Teachers rated Sample 2 children’s social competence with peers. A single latent-factor explained variation in performance on both the Silent Film and Strange Stories task (in Sample 1 and 2) and test performance was sensitive to age-related differences and individual differences within each age group. A deep learning neural network automated scoring system trained on Sample 1 exhibited inter-rater reliability and measurement invariance with manual ratings in Sample 2. Validity of ratings from the automated scoring system was supported by unique positive associations between theory of mind and teacher-rated social competence. The results demonstrate that reliable and valid measures of theory of mind can be obtained using the new freely available deep learning neural network automated scoring system to rate open-ended text responses.
The Politics of Equity and Efficiency in Educational Reforms in Europe
Authors: Kragten Nigel , Burgoon Brian , van de Werfhorst Herman Gerbert
Published: May 2022

While existing research on educational institutions has focused mainly on their effects, the origins of educational institutions have remained largely unexamined. Moreover, previous research has focused predominantly on spending and enrolment, leaving regulatory features of educational institutions largely unexamined. This study explores the extent to which political cleavages drive the character of educational policies. We see education policies as distinguishable in terms of equity and efficiency, and develop and empirically explore the expectation that egalitarian polities implement equity-oriented policy reforms. Conversely, more market-oriented governments implement efficiency-oriented educational reforms. Empirically, we analyze data on three educational policies: publicly-funded pre-primary education, tracking age, and school autonomy. Our results show that an egalitarian political climate promotes the adoption of equity-oriented reforms, especially in the case of increases in the tracking age. In contrast, governments with more market oriented political positioning are more likely to introduce efficiency-oriented reforms like those furthering school autonomy.
Ilmu politik
Authors: Anisa Siti Nor , Hasanah Nurul
Published: May 2022

Menurut pendapat dari saya kekuasaan dan kebijakan politik itu satu kesatuanyang tidak dapat dipisahkan antara keduanya. Dimana politik adalah salah satubentuk untuk memperoleh kekuasaan “ How to get the power”. Ketika kitamembicarakan politik maka sebenarnya kita membicarakan suatu strategibagaimana kita mendapatkan kekuasaan. Yang dimana kekuasaan disini adalahenergi yang dimiliki oleh seseorang atau kelompok untuk memuluskan tujuan yangingin dicapainya. Kekuasaan dan Politik artinya menghimpun dan menempatkanenergi setiap orang dalam kelompok untuk memperoleh kekuatan dalammemuluskan dan mencapai tujuan yang dapat dicapainya. Kekuasaan yangdiperoleh karena politik sebagai upaya untuk menguasai masyarakat, secaraideological sehingga pemilik kekuasaan itu berada pada posisi tertinggi atau seringdisebut kaum “elit”. Kaum elit yaitu kelompok mayoritas dalam kekuasaan,sehingga segala bentuk perilaku masyarakat kebanyakan sering diindahkan sebagaiperilaku yang harus seragam. Keseragaman dalam kekuasaan politik berbentuksefasifik yang kemudian diturunkan menjadi sebuah kebijakan bagi masyarakatnyadan mengatur segala perilaku orang yang menjalankannnya.
Makna Pendidikan Nasional dan Kebudayaan
Authors: Akbari Rere Nugraha
Published: May 2022

Pendidikan dan kebudayaan tidak dapat dipisahkan, mereka adalah sebuah kesatuan yang saling bergantung dan terhubung. Pendidikan merupakan disiplin ilmu yang terkait dengan proses pemeradaban, pemberbudayaan, dan pendewasaan manusia. Salah satu upaya untuk membangun dan meningkatkan mutu sumber daya manusia menuju era globalisasi yang penuh dengan tantangan. Menghadapi tantangan era reformasi dan demokrasi, pembentukan jati diri dan karakter bangsa dan masyarakat global dengan karakteristik keterbukaan informasi yang berdampak pada perubahan dalam segala aspek kehidupan secara politik, ekonomi, dan sosial budaya harus dihadapi oleh setiap manusia yang memiliki kualitas. Kualitas manusia yang memiliki karakteristik: pribadi yang tangguh, berwawasan keunggulan di bidangnya, terampil, memiliki motif berprestasi tinggi dan moral yang kuat. Kebudayaan dan Pendidikan mempunyai hubungan interaktif yang saling membutuhkan, tidak mungkin proses pendidikan terlepas dari kebudayaan Bila ditelaah tentang makna budaya dalam pendidikan, akan ditemukan bagaimana budaya daerah dan budaya nasional sangat bermakna dalam pendidikan baik dalam konsep otonomi maupun nasional sangat bermakna dalam pendidikan baik dalam konsep otonomi maupun nasional baik budaya lisan maupun budaya tulisan atau budaya materi atau nonmateri.
UAS ANTROPOLOGI Siti Hapsah 2110128220002
Authors: Hapsah Siti
Published: May 2022

1. Sebutkan empat fase perkembangan antropologi serta berikan contohnya. 2. Antropologi biologi terbagi dua sebutkan beserta contohnya. 3. Sebutkan pengertian etnologi pembagiannya berserta contohnya. 4. Sebutkan beberapa hubungan-hubungan antropologi dengan ilmu sosial lainnya beserta contohnyasertakan referensi. 5. Silakan baca 2 r
UAS ILMU POLITIK DAN PENDIDIKAN IPS_2110128320005_Putri Imaniyati
Authors: Imaniyati Putri
Published: May 2022

Menurut pendapat saya kekuasaan dan politik suatu kesatuan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Karena politik adalah suatu bentuk untuk memperoleh kekuasaan “how to get the power’’. Ketika membicarakan sebuah politik maka sebenarnya kita membicarakan juga mengenai suatu strategis bagaimana mendapatkan kekuasaan. Kekuasaan merupakan suatu energi yang dimiliki seseorang atau kelompok untuk meluruskan tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Kekuasaan dalam politik artinya menghimpun dan menempatkan suatu energi setiap kelompok untuk memperoleh kekuatan dalam meluruskan dan mencapai tujuan yang ingin dicapai suatu kelompok. Kekuasaan dapat berlangsung dengan baik dan kepatuhan dapat dipertahankan. Kepatuhan yang muncul biasanya dalam instrumen yang cocok dalam masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, kekuasaan sangat mempengaruhi kebijakan politik. Kebijakan politik dalam bidang pendidikan sebagai upaya dalam mengatur pendidikan sehingga memungkinkan setiap orang dapat masuk kedalamnya dan setiap orang akan memperoleh perlakukan yang sama dan seimbang sesuai dengan kapasitasnya masing-masing. Secara skematis suatu kebijakan dalam bidang pendidikan tidak terlepas dari kekuasaan secara politis.
UAS ILMU POLITIK DAN PENDIDIKAN IPS_MUHAMMAD YUSUF_2110128210003_A1_P.IPS 2021
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Nama: Muhammad Yusuf. Nim: 2110128210003.Prodi: Pendidikan IPS Mata Kuliah: Ilmu Politik & Pendidikan IPS Dosen: Drs. M. Zainal Arifin Anis, M.Hum & M. Adhitya Hidayat Putra, M.Pd UAS MATA KULIAH ILMU POLITIK
Practices of Inquiry-Based Teaching in English Language Classrooms
Authors: Pokhrel Prem Raj
Published: May 2022

This study explores English teachers’ practices of inquiry-based teaching in secondary level. I used phenomenological research design for this study and semi-structured interview was used for data collection which enabled me in capturing qualitative experiences and practices, activities or strategies used in inquiry-based teaching from purposefully selected participants. The participants were four secondary level English teachers of Rupandehi district. Moreover, this study is based on socio-constructivism theory of Vygotsky. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis approach. The findings of this study revealed that secondary level teachers used three different types of inquiry activities; structured, guided and open. The study further explored that assessment in inquiry, balancing content and inquiry, classroom management and the use of quality questions are the major challenges for implementing inquiry activities. The study is expected to have a great significance in improving the 21st century language pedagogy in general and in the process of implementing inquiry-based teaching in English language classroom in particular.
Thermal balance sheet of alternative fuel on a single cylinder DI engine
Authors: Karn Rupesh Lal , Aryal Suman , Neupane Barsha , Koirala Manish , Palikhel Laxman
Published: May 2022

An internal combustion engine can be considered a thermodynamic open system. Investigation on blends of distilled plastic oil was performed on a constant speed diesel engine at various loading conditions. The thermal balance sheet was prepared concerning useful work i.e. heat equivalent to useful work, heat loss in jacket cooling water, heat loss in the exhaust gas, and unaccounted heat i.e. heat loss in radiation. Blends up to 20% by volume of various high-grade plastic fuels were used. The thermal balance sheet indicates that heat equivalent to brake power of 5PDB is higher than diesel at low load and 10PDB has higher HBP than diesel at high load. All blends of PDB indicate higher heat conversion into useful work. The exhaust gas temperature of all blends of high-grade plastic fuel is lower than that of diesel which shows a better conversion rate of produced heat in the cylinder into useful work.
Impact analysis of residential induction cooking on medium voltage distribution network system: A case study of Nagarkot feeder, Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Sanjip , Maharjan Sanjeev
Published: May 2022

Electricity is mostly used for cooking purposes in developed countries for a long time. Electricity could be used for cooking in Nepalese residential areas by transfering from Liquifty Petroleum Gas (LPG) to Induction Cooking(IC). Signiﬁcant use of IC to the distribution feeder can increase the losses of the feeder, reducing the voltage proﬁle at the buses, which in fact increases the current-carrying conductor. So, the grid impact analysis by IC loading to the distribution feeder is necessary. The study is carried out by performing technical analysis by load ﬂow analysis on the feeder by calculating current, voltage proﬁle, and power losses. The load ﬂow has been performed for diﬀerent loading of IC, and optimized Distributed Generation (DG) size is calculated. The bundling of the conductor is performed to reduce the loss at the feeder. This can be performed by checking the rated current of the conductor used (i.e., the branches where the rated current limit violates then that branches need bundling). The power loss at a diﬀerent penetration level of IC is calculated. The IC power rating of 1500 Watts at each residential consumer when total 4924 number of the consumer is loading to Nagarkot feeder, active power loss increases to 1887.013 kW from 469.443 kW, and reactive power loss increases to 943.507 kVar from 234.722 kVar. The Minimum voltage is 0.664 Per unit (pu) at bus number 104 (Halede bus) which violates the voltage stability limit. The optimal penetration level of IC can be done up to 25% of total peak load by DG integration of 5965 kVA at 0.8 Power Factor (pf) lagging. This will give an active power loss of 530 kW. The next method, i.e., bundling of the conductor in 9 number of branches (at branch number 1, 2, 31, 34, 36, 38, 78, 79, and 86), should be done to improve the IC loading level. The maximum IC loading can be done up to 40% of the total peak load with a power loss of 477.7 kW by this bundling technique.
Tradition vs. Transformation: Ambivalent Immigrant Identity in Gene Luen Yang’s American Born Chinese
Authors: Adhikari Hari R.
Published: May 2022

Jin Wang, the protagonist of Gene Luen Yang’s graphic novel American Born Chinese, hates almost everybody around him simply because no one tries to understand him. Yang’s portrayal of this Asian-American youth nudges his readers to ponder on the challenges facing minority youths in their efforts to survive in an environment where people with difference feel alienated. Jin is pushed to such an extreme by the unaccommodating school atmosphere that he gradually develops self-hatred. As the tension builds up, he acts like a paranoid and becomes ready to “barter his soul” all for getting an acceptance in the white dominated community. Jin’s traumatic experiences and neurotic behaviors raise a number of questions about the life of immigrant children in the United States. How difficult is it to grow up in an alienating environment? Can parents gauge the depth of the trauma their children are going through? Are American schools safe places for children of minority cultural backgrounds? How much do stereotypes about certain cultures and nationals shape people’s attitude towards others? This paper will explore these issues focusing on the experiences of immigrant children in the novel.
Magic Realism as a Postcolonial Discourse in Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude and Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children
Authors: Sharma Khum Prasad
Published: May 2022

This study analyzes and explores the concept of magic realism as a mixture of realism and fantasy made in order to serve a particular artistic fusion. The mixture is based on the fact that whatever happens, however extraordinary they may seem, they are ordinary and everyday occurrences. Anything which takes place within the boundaries of magical realism is meant to be accepted as a typical life among the characters in the stories. No matter how far-fetched or extraordinary the subjects may be, all the characters within the works give an allusion of acting naturally and casually. Instead of looking at the world as ordinary and mundane, the magical realists like Marquez and Rushdie bring in a spark of imagination to light the ordinary experiences such a way that they excite the mind of the readers. Magical realism is a fusion of dream and reality, an amalgamation of realism and fantasy, and a form of expression that is based with several fantastical elements, which are nevertheless regarded as normal by both the readers and the characters. This artistic device re-imagines the world and its reality, and presents a different viewpoint on life and the way in which people think and act. Marquez and Rushdie present the worlds where fiction blends with historical reality and in which reality incorporates magic, superstition, myth, religion and history. They use magical elements to create, rewrite and reconstruct broader commentaries on the politics, history and societies in Latin America and India. Marquez and Rushdie employ and establish an alternative reality which juxtaposes fantastical elements with equally mind boggling realities; the truth becomes fantasy and the fantasy becomes truth to disclose historical and political panorama of Latin America and India respectively.
Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Five Year Analysis
Authors: Rana Shraddha , Kattel Pramod , Prasad Deep Jagat
Published: May 2022

Aims: To analyze the medical records of emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a teaching hospital
Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on emergency peripartum hysterectomy at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal from July 2011 to July 2016. Data were collected from the medical record.
Results: There were 29 maternal survivors out of 33 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy, among which 21 cases were of subtotal and rest 11 had undergone total hysterectomy. The incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy was found out to be 0.2%. Most of the women who had undergone hysterectomy were of high parity (≥4) and advanced maternal age. Mean age of hysterectomy was 27 years. Major indications for hysterectomy were uterine rupture (n=13, 40%) followed by uterine atony (n=11, 33%), placental complications (n=8, 24%) and uterine inversion (n=1, 3%). Three-fourth of women who underwent hysterectomy for placental complications had history of previous caesarean section. Emergency peripartum hysterectomy following caesarean section was 19 (57.6%) and the rest 14 (42.4%) had delivered vaginally. Twenty-six women (79%) were referred-in cases.
Conclusions: Majority (88%) of peripartum hysterectomies were maternal near-miss and resulted in mortality of 12%. Uterine rupture and atony constituted almost three-fourth of cases and emergency procedure was in rising trend each year over five years of record.
Keywords: caesarean section, peripartum hysterectomy, postpartum haemorrhage
Maternity services during COVID-19 Pandemic and lockdown at Provincial Public Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Thakur Murari
Published: May 2022

Aims: To assess the hospital delivery pattern during COVID 19 pandemics and lockdown.
Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Provincial Public Hospital Janakpurdham, Nepal from April to July 2020. Data were collected from hospital record and descriptive analysis performed using MS Excel.
Results: Total of 1536 women delivered in three month and caesarean section rate was 16.7% (257/1536). Previous caesarean section was the major contributor (46%) to the overall caesarean section rate.
Conclusions: Maternity services were provided during COVID 19 pandemics and Lockdown. Cesarean section rate was near the recommended level.
Keywords: Cesarean section, lockdown, pandemic, vaginal deliveries
Association between antenatal care utilization with severe maternal and perinatal morbidity
Authors: Deshpande Sonali , Khedekar Mohini , Gadappa Shrinivas , Badgire Swati
Published: May 2022

Aim: To analyse association between adequate antenatal care utilization with severe maternal morbidity and severe perinatal morbidity.
Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted in a Government medical college and hospital, Aurangabad from 1st October 2017 to 30th September 2019 after Institution Ethics Committee approval. Pregnancy after 28 weeks without pre-existing medical disorder and fetal anomaly were studied. The data were analyzed to find out the association between adequate antenatal care utilization and severe maternal and severe perinatal morbidity by using chi-squared test.
Results: Among 500 participants, 243 (48.6%) had adequate visits. Women with inadequate antenatal care utilization were at higher risk of preterm delivery, severe maternal and perinatal morbidity.
Conclusions: Inadequate antenatal care is can predict increased severity of maternal and perinatal morbidity.
Keywords: Antenatal care utilization, focused antenatal care, severe maternal morbidity, severe perinatal morbidity
Ultrasonography findings in first trimester vaginal bleeding
Authors: Jha Rani , Shah Ankur , Jha Shailesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Aims: To determine the causes of first trimester vaginal bleeding using Ultrasonography.
Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted from July to December 2019. Ultrasonogram scan was done for the 200 women within 12 weeks of pregnancy with a positive pregnancy test and vaginal bleeding in in out-patient set up.
Results: Majority were under 30 years of age and 45.5% diagnosed as threatened Abortion. More than half were non-viable pregnancy.
Conclusions: Ultrasound examination is the essential diagnostic and confirmatory tool to diagnose early pregnancy bleeding in clinical set up.
Keywords: Clinical examination, first trimester bleeding, ultrasonography.
Effect of different intensities of glycemic control on maternal and fetal outcome in women with diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: M Laxmi Devi , Prasad Madhav , Mukhtar Lubna
Published: May 2022

Aims: To compare the feto-maternal outcomes between patients who have achieved different glucose target values after intervention for hyperglycemia in pregnancy.
Methods: A prospective comparative observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics Department of a Teaching Hospital. The main outcome parameters were the values of the fasting blood sugar (FBS) and the postprandial blood sugars (PPBS) obtained from the self-monitoring tests. The patients were grouped into two groups – the tight control group-I and less tight control group-II. maternal and neonatal parameters are compared. Pearson’s chi-square test was used for proportions and unpaired t-test was used for numbers after checking for normality of distribution and p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Average values of  FBS/PPBS values were lesser in group I (84/120) compared to group II (93/142).The proportion of maternal and fetal complications (hypertensive disorders, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, NICU admission) were similar between the two groups. The average gestational age at delivery (38.2 weeks vs 37.7 weeks), the proportion of LSCS (50% vs 66.7%) and neonatal birth weight (2.88 kg vs 2.98 kg) were similar in both groups. 
Conclusion: There is no difference in feto-maternal outcome in between well controlled lesser control of blood sugar
Gestational Weight Gain among women with different pre-pregnancy BMI and its relation with Birth Weight of Neonates
Authors: Paneru Rupa , Thapa Meena
Published: May 2022

Aim: To find out the relationship between gestational weight gain among women with different  early pregnancy Body Mass Index and birth weight of neonates.
Methods: This is an analytical observational hospital based study. Singleton pregnancy within 10 weeks of gestation were included in the study and they were followed at term. First trimester Body Mass Index was calculated and the women were divided in to underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to World Health Organization classification. Total gestational weight gain was calculated and compared according to the American College of Obstetrics guideline. The birth weight of neonate was recorded soon after the delivery and the relation between gestational weight gain and birth weight of the neonate was studied.
Results: Total 228 women were analyzed. Most of the women (69%) had normal Body Mass Index with the mean gestational weight gain of 10.59±4.317 kg and the mean birth weight 3.03±0.487 kg. Underweight and normal weight women had less pregnancy weight gain; overweight women had slightly higher weight gain whereas obese women had weight gain as per the recommendation. The birth weight of neonate was higher in overweight and obese women (p=0.004) but without positive correlation.
Conclusions: The gestational weight gain is not related to the birth weight of neonates but related to the early pregnancy BMI.
Obstetric outcome in patients with rheumatic heart disease: experience in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Chaudhary Amar Nath , Baral Gehanath , Subedi Shanti , Ghimire Sita , Bhansakarya Rakina
Published: May 2022

Aims: To determine the clinical outcome of rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy.
Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study from April 2019 to April 2021 in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal. Feto-maternal variables were taken for their health status. Data presented in table with frequency.
Results: Out of 13013 deliveries in a year, 49 had cardiac disease (0.37%) and 38 had rheumatic heart disease (0.29%) over 28 weeks of gestation; 95% (n=36) had mitral valve involvement; 12 were primigravida and 7 preterm at the time of delivery. Half of them underwent caesarean section for various indications. Most common maternal complications were cardiac failure, cardiac arrythmia, admission to ICU, obstetric complications, including maternal mortality in 5.2% (n=2) cases. Low birth was in 29% (n=11) of cases, and 34% (n=13) of them needed NICU care at the time of delivery. There was history of rheumatic fever in 9 cases (24%).
Conclusions: Rheumatic heart disease is the commonest diagnosis among heart disease in pregnancy and adverse event can be minimized by multidisciplinary intervention
Assessment of Chance fracture on Computed Tomography Scan in Tertiary Trauma Care Center of Nepal.
Authors: Bhattarai Mamata , Thapa Bikash Raj , Khadka Sujan , Thapa Govardhan
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Chance fracture is a horizontal fracture of the vertebra extending from the posterior element to the vertebral body due to flexion-distraction injury and is potentially unstable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demography and Computed Tomography scan findings in Chance fracture of the spine.  
Method: 
A retrospective study was conducted at the National Trauma Center, National Academy of Medical Sciences over a period of one year (December 2019 to December 2020). Demographic data, mechanism of injury, and computed tomographic findings of Chance fracture were recorded.  
 Result:
Computed tomography scans of 41 patients with Chance fracture were identified. Fall injury (76%) was the most common cause of Chance fracture followed by road traffic accidents. This fracture was most commonly seen in thoracolumbar junction TLJ (D10-L2); with L1 being the most affected vertebra (36.5%). Among posterior elements, facet distraction (84%) was the most common finding followed by lamina fracture (83%), and pedicle fracture (68%). Regarding vertebral body fracture, involvement of both superior and inferior endplates were common than isolated involvement of either one of them. CT revealed that a burst component was a common finding (68%) in Chance fracture.
 Conclusion: 
Chance fracture was commonly caused by fall injury in our context which is higher in incidence than previously reported. More than half of patients with Chance fracture also had Burst-type components that could influence surgical management. Computed tomography scans is a useful imaging modality for the assessment of Chance fracture and burst component.
Some Fixed Point Results for Two Pairs of Mappings on Integral and Rational Settings
Authors: Panthi Dinesh
Published: May 2022

In 2000, P. Hitzler and A.K. Seda (Hitzeler & Seda 2000) obtained a very important generalization of topology which they named as dislocated topology. The corresponding generalized notion of metric obtained from dislocated topology was named as dislocated metric.The fixed point theorem for a single map satisfying contractive condition of integral type with a summable Lebesgue integrable mapping in complete metric space was first time estabished by Branciari (Branciari 2002) in the year 2002. B. E. Rhoades (Rhoades 2003) further extended the theorem of Branciari (Branciari 2002) with a most general contractive condition. Extensions and generalizations for rational and integral type mapping in various spaces can be seen in the literature of fixed point theory. This article establishes some common fixed point results satisfying integral and rational type contractive conditions with common limit range property for two pairs of maps in dislocated metric space. We have established common fixed point result in dislocated metric space with compatible and reciprocal continuity of mappings.
Impact of the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on the growth of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in climatically different locations of Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Seerjana , Shrestha Bharat Babu , Devktoa Anjana , Aryal Prakash Chandra , Rangaswam Muniappan , Jha Pramod Kumar
Published: May 2022

The leaf-feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister, one of the biocontrol agents against Parthenium hysterophorus L., having been established at several locations of Nepal. However, the damage to P. hysterophorus by the beetle has not been assessed quantitatively under different climatic conditions so far. The study was carried out at two locations, namely Hetauda with a tropical climate (540 m asl) and Kathmandu with a subtropical climate (1300 m asl) to evaluate the impact of the beetle on P. hysterophorus. Beetles were released in two different densities (one and two beetles/plant) during the early flowering period (early August). Individual plants were harvested when the initial signs of senescence were observed in mid-September. Plant height and leaf, stem, root biomass of each harvested individual was measured. Plant height, leaf biomass, and stem biomass were significantly higher at the subtropical site than at tropical sites and declined with the increasing density of beetle at both locations. Root:shoot ratio increased with the increasing density of beetle at both locations. The plant height, leaf biomass, and shoot biomass decreased up to 35 %, 73 %, and 54 % respectively at the tropical site and 9 %, 58 %, and 26 % respectively at the subtropical site. Root:shoot ratio increased by 76 % in the tropical site and 30 % in the subtropical site. The present study, therefore, suggests that mass-rearing and releasing of the beetle could be an effective management tool for the biological control of P. hysterophorus in tropical and subtropical climates of Nepal.
Detection of Common β-Globin Gene Mutation in Eastern Nepal by Multiplex Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction System
Authors: Shrestha Gita , Singh Nanda Bahadur , Shrestha Priti , Baniya Chitra
Published: May 2022

β-thalassemia is the most common autosomal recessive haemoglobin disorder worldwide. Although more than 200 β-thalassemia mutations have been reported, few ethnic group-specific alleles account for 90-93% of the β-thalassemia alleles in each population. The primary purpose of the study was to identify the prevalence of different types of beta-thalassemia mutations in the study group, and to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. Complete blood count, peripheral blood smeacr, capillary electrophoresis and multiples arms refractory mutation system based polymerase chain reaction (MARMS) were performed on the peripheral blood samples to detect beta mutations at Decode Genomics and Research Centre, Sinamangal Kathmandu. The MARMS-PCR technique was applied for the detection of nine common mutations IVS1- 5(G>C), 619 bp del, FS8/9 (+G), IVS1-1 (G>T), FS 41/42 (-CTTT), C-15 (G>A). FS 16 (-C), C-30 (G>C) and C-5 (-CTCT). In the study group, three mutations, C-15(G>A), C-26 (Glu-Lys) and IVS1-5 (G>C) were detected. The study revealed a characteristic mutational profile in the five ethnic groups of eastern Nepal. It is the first report of HbE in the Koch Rajbanshi of eastern Nepal. The mutation C-15 reported as rare by earlier workers was the most common mutation identified in this research work.
A Study on Low Performing Students Perception towards Mathematics: A Case of Secondary Level Community School Students of Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Rajendra
Published: May 2022

The students' perception of mathematics is equally important for the parents as well as the teachers to deal with them effectively. Therefore, this study is concerned with the secondary level low-performing students' perception of mathematics and its effects on their achievements. The study is based on the mixed-method survey research design consisting of 312 grade IX and X students, 119 male and 193 female students from the 10 community schools of Province No. 1, Nepal. A Likert-type survey questionnaire, 'Perception Towards Mathematics Inventory (PTMI) was developed and administered by the researchers to the participants. Thus, the collected quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews were summarized and analyzed categorically in high-performing and low-performing groups. The findings revealed that the perception of the low-performing students towards mathematics was found negative or they did not prefer to learn mathematics. Similarly, the student's perception of mathematics was found to have a greater effect on their achievement. The group of higher achiever students was found more positive and confident towards mathematics and the lower achievers were found negative and anxious. However, most of the students were found aware of the value of mathematics.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Hospices (ICoH): Carer Cohort Report
Authors: MacArtney John I. , Fleming Joanna , Eccles Abi , Grimley Catherine , Wesson Helen , Mayland Catriona , Mitchell Sarah , van Langen-Datta Shalene , Driscoll Ruth , Almack Kathryn , Dale Jeremy , Tatnell Lynn , Roberts Lesley
Published: May 2022

This report describes the diversity of experiences informal carers for people with life-limiting illnesses who were supported by hospices in the West Midlands during the pandemic. It is one of four cohort reports – the others focus on patients, frontline hospice staff, and senior managers respectively – that form the evidence base for a Policy Report into the impact of Covid-19 on hospices. In these reports we address the nine key themes that were identified as potentially important in our previous collaborative knowledge synthesis (MacArtney et al., 2021) and seek to address some of the policy gaps we identified in our review of recommendations for hospice practice and policy (Langen-Datta et al., 2022). Together these outputs are the result of an Economic and Social Research Council funded study (grant number: ES/W001837/1). This is one of the first studies to contribute an in-depth exploration of hospice-based experiences of the pandemic to the growing body of knowledge about the effectiveness and effects of changes to hospice services, at regional and national levels in response to Covid-19.
The aim of this report is therefore to explore experiences of those informal carers of people with life-limiting conditions and the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the care and support they experienced, to identify recommendations for clinical practice and healthcare policy. Drawing on these findings, this report offers recommendations for hospices and clinicians who continue to provide care and support for people with life limiting conditions and those that care them during the ongoing pandemic. These recommendations will also be of interest to local commissioners who will need to work with hospices in their region to ensure informal carers receive the support they need, and national policymakers who will need to ensure the necessary resources and guidance are available.
Dance in the Salons: Waltzes, Polkas and Quadrilles in Serbian Piano Music of the 19th Century
Authors: Kokanović Marković Marijana
Published: May 2022

As public events, balls had an important role in social life among the Serbs in the Habsburg monarchy in the 19th century. They were organised by the aristocracy and citizens, various associations and ethnic groups. The most prestigious were the so-called “nobles”, id est aristocratic balls, while the civil ones were less elegant. A repertoire of dances was to some extent conditioned by the type of the ball. Waltz, polka and gallop were very popular at civil balls, as well as stylised Serbian folk dances, such as kolo. At noble balls, on the other hand, besides waltzes, polkas and gallops, it was quadrilles and cotillions that enjoyed special popularity. On the other hand, in the young Principality of Serbia, the organisation of the balls began in the 1860’s, both at the prince’s court and in better hotels in Belgrade. In the 1860’s, the ball season in Belgrade was opened by Prince Mihailo Obrenović. The dancing repertoire included Serbian folk and civil dances, as well as modern European dances. Following the example of larger European cities, a trend of dancing in salons was as well widespread among the Serbs. Socialising could spontaneously grow into dancing, and sometimes dancing was the expected grand finale of the evening. In salons one could dance for family entertainment, without guests. In court and civil salons in Belgrade, the gatherings, almost as a rule, ended with dancing of popular international and Serbian folk dances. International salon dances make up about a third of the salon music repertoire for piano. The polka is one of the most frequent international dancing genres in the Serbian piano music of the 19th century. Besides the polka, there are other subtypes of this dance: the polka-mazurka, the polka française, the schnell polka, the polka tremblante, the galopp polka, the polka valse and the polka caprice. After the polka, the waltz is the most frequent international dance genre in the Serbian piano music. Besides the waltzes originally written for the orchestra, numerous waltzes were composed for the piano. The popularity of quadrilles in ballrooms is also reflected in the albums of salon music for the piano. This dance genre, which was composed in a potpourri manner, was especially suitable for having the melodies of popular folk and civil songs arranged in it. While in the first half of the 19th century melodies in the quadrilles were either transcribed from popular operettas or operas, or were originally written by composers, in the second half of the century composers mostly resorted to melodies of Serbian or Slavic folk and civil songs. In the second half of the 19th century, Serbian folk dances, such as kolos, took over the ballrooms and the albums of salon music alike. The approval of the Serbian identity was sought in the kolo, and the emphasis on national characteristics through music was politically dominant in the 19th century.
Cheminement d’un économiste dans l’œuvre de John Rawls
Authors: Gamel Claude
Published: May 2022

Tout au long de plus de trente ans de recherches en « philosophie économique », l’œuvre de John Rawls fut pour moi non seulement un précieux réservoir de concepts très bien ordonnés, mais aussi un constant point de repère, jusqu’à me risquer à quelques audaces personnelles que Rawls lui-même n’aurait pas acceptées. Je comparerais volontiers la théorie rawlsienne à un chef d’œuvre de l’art gothique au temps des cathédrales, qui, avant même d’impressionner par son allure d’ensemble, interpelle d’abord par l’originalité des techniques utilisées et donne envie, bien plus tard, d’innover à partir de la structure initiale. D’où trois étapes dans mon cheminement : d’abord le temps de la découverte d’idées très fécondes, puis celui de la comparaison avec les œuvres de deux autres architectes de la justice en société (les économistes Friedrich Hayek et Amartya Sen) et enfin le temps de la manipulation de concepts rawlsiens pour tenter une esquisse plus personnelle d’un libéralisme soutenable.
John Rawls and “Our Tradition” of Democracy
Authors: Kloppenberg James T.
Published: May 2022

The notion of a clear distinction between Rawls’s liberalism and social democracy rests on a caricatured conception of the liberal tradition and Rawls’s place in it. From Rousseau, John Adams, and Madison through Tocqueville to Dewey, notable political theorists have sought to balance the two principles at the core of Rawls’s A Theory of Justice. In this essay I sketch the ways in which American thinkers and activists escaped the cages in which commentators have tried to confine them, not only the false binary between liberalism and democratic socialism but also that between secularism and religious belief. As Rawls himself tried to make clear in his later writing, his ideal of justice drew from earlier theorists who understood the constitutive role of social interaction and inherited traditions, and he envisioned a society with room for people animated by comprehensive philosophical and religious ideas not shared by everyone else. Rawls’s political liberalism, historicist as well as pluralist, was attuned as much to the threat inequality poses to freedom as to the endangered status of freedom in mass society. Rawls’s ideas, especially as articulated in his book Justice as Fairness, remain a vital resource for social democrats who prize social and economic equality as well as individual liberty.
Qu’est-ce qu’une Europe juste ? Dialogue avec John Rawls
Authors: Van Parijs Philippe
Published: May 2022

Comment concevoir la justice au sein de cette entité politique sui generis qu’est l’Union européenne ? John Rawls traite de cette question dans une longue lettre rédigée en 1998. La conception égalitaire qu’il présente dans sa Théorie de la justice ne peut à ses yeux s’appliquer qu’au sein d’un peuple, et l’Union européenne n’en est pas un au sens où il l’entend. Au niveau européen, les obligations de justice distributive se réduisent donc aux obligations entre peuples que Rawls énonce dans The Law of Peoples : un devoir d’aide à certains États membres au cas où ils seraient trop peu développés pour pouvoir se doter d’institutions internes justes et le respect des termes équitables de formes de coopération mutuellement bénéfiques auquel chaque État membre est libre d’adhérer.

Mais la notion de « peuple » est-elle suffisamment robuste pour fonder cette conception duale de la justice ? N’est-il pas plus plausible de conditionner la pertinence d’une conception égalitaire de la justice, comme le fait Thomas Nagel, non à l‘existence d’un peuple au sens de Rawls, mais à celle d’une communauté politique de citoyens à la fois auteurs et sujets de règles coercitives – une condition que l’Union européenne satisfait de plus en plus ? Et n’est-il pas plus plausible encore d’admettre que la justice sociale égalitaire aujourd’hui ne peut se penser qu’à l’échelle globale, l’Union européenne constituant alors un effort régional pour construire les institutions que la justice requiert à l’échelle globale ? Dans l’une ou l’autre de ces perspectives, la poursuite de l’intégration politique européenne se justifie.

En outre, dès le moment où l’on admet l’irréversibilité du marché unique, n’est-ce pas même dans la perspective duale de Rawls qu’il faut souhaiter la poursuite de cette intégration ? En son absence, en effet, l’Union européenne s’enfoncera dans le piège décrit dès 1939 par Friedrich Hayek : une fédération cumulant les obstacles économiques à la poursuite de la justice au niveau national et les obstacles politiques à sa poursuite au niveau de l’Union. La sévère mise en garde de Rawls contre la transformation de l’Union européenne en un État fédéral ressemblant aux États-Unis ne doit donc pas nous empêcher d’œuvrer au service d’une utopie réaliste libéraleégalitaire très différente de la sienne. Au contraire.
Aplicação da análise transacional para avaliação da motivação e do ambiente em uma unidade policial
Authors: Bezerra Paulo Ayran da Silva , Rosenbluth Renato , Medeiros Denise Dumke de
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o conceito de Análise Transacional e sua possível aplicação na avaliação da motivação e do ambiente de trabalho com ênfase no serviço público e mais especificamente na esfera policial. Nesse sentido, são apresentadas algumas teorias e conceitos a respeito de motivação e liderança bem como da relação entre líderes e liderados encontrados na literatura. Por fim, são divulgadas as análises e resultados de uma aplicação prática realizada através de um teste feito com servidores de uma unidade da Polícia Federal na cidade de Brasília/DF.
PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL COMPETENCE FORMATION IN TRAINING PERSONNEL FOR THE SPHERE OF CULTURE AND ART
Authors:   FSBEI HE «East Siberian state Institute of culture», Arbatskaya Olga Alexandrovna
Published: May 2022

The principles of the of digital competence formation in training the personnel for the sphere of culture and art have been formulated in the article. The system of formation of digital competence of the students of East Siberian state institute of culture, which implements these principles, is considered.
Deteksi Tumor Otak Dengan CNN Resnet-152
Authors: Digdoyo Aji , Surawan Tri , Karno Adhitio Satyo Bayangkari , Irawati Dyah Ruri , Effendi Yasin
Published: May 2022

Penyakit tumor di Indonesia menduduki tingkat kematian terbesar ke-5 setelah diabetes, stroke, ginjal dan darah tinggi. Kurangnya penanganan dini, jumlah paramedis dan peralatan yang minim adalah penyebab utama tingginya tingkat kematian. Artificial Intelligence (AI) memiliki potensi tinggi untuk berkontribusi membantu pasien dan para medis mendiagnosa tumor secara langsung, cepat dan murah. Salah satu metode AI dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah CNN dengan arsitektur ResNet-152. Dengan melakukan training dan validasi sejumlah 2.870 image menghasilkan nilai akurasi masing-masing  99% dan 81%. Untuk lebih memastikan hasil yang diinginkan, maka model yang diperoleh dari trainning dipergunakan kembali untuk pengujian, dengan hasil nilai akurasi sebesar 96% dan akurasi untuk tiap kelas adalah glioma (97%), meningioma (95%), no_tumor (98%) dan pituaty (96%).
Analisis Laju Pengeringan Pada Cetakan Piring Keramik Kapasitas 2880
Authors: Sonjaya Abeth Novria , Djamruddin Djamhir , Nulhakim Lukman , Rahmadani Anggi
Published: May 2022

A ceramic plate mold is a tool for printing ceramic plates made of gypsum. This gypsum mold is very much needed because previously using a Teflon-based mold which was very risky. The length of the drying process by drying in the sun becomes one of the problems when it rains and takes quite a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine the decrease in the moisture content of the ceramic plate mold after the drying process. Therefore, by making drying and utilizing the residual heat from the combustion in the production oven, it is hoped that the drying of this ceramic plate mold can be done quickly and efficiently. Research and testing of this rack-type ceramic plate mold dryer were carried out by testing the capacity of 2880 ceramic plate molds with a total drying time of 5 days with the drying temperature maintained at 38 - 41 OC. The result of the final moisture content drying of the wet ceramic plate mold was 85% with a weight of 847grams of evaporated moisture content from 1 mold produced with a drying rate constant of 0.271 hours-1.