bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening of extracts from Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil. (Rutaceae) leaves and their in vitro antioxidant and anti-Listeria monocytogenes activities
Authors: Souza Amanda de Oliveira , Bessa Dâmaris Hadassa Rangel Fonseca , Fernandes Cassia Cristina , Pereira Paulo Sérgio , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes , Miranda Mayker Lazaro Dantas
Published: July 2020

Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil (Rutaceae), a shrub whose common name is manacá do Cerrado in Brazilian Portuguese, is about 1-m high and has been used by folk medicine to treat stomachache, kidney and liver infections, headache, rheumatism and as a blood purifier. This study aimed at preparing hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic, hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts from S. odoratissima leaves, at carrying out preliminary phytochemical screening and at evaluating their in vitro antioxidant and anti-Listeria monocytogenes activities. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. Antibacterial activity was investigated against L. monocytogenes and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of plant extracts were calculated by the broth microdilution method with the use of 96-well plates. In aqueous, methanolic, hydroethanolic, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts from S. odoratissima leaves, the following classes of compounds were investigated: organic acids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponin compounds, coumarin compounds, phenolics, tannins, purine compounds, catechins, flavonol derivatives, sesquiterpene lactones and anthraquinones. All plant extracts, except the hexane one, exhibited high antioxidant activity. Regarding antibacterial activity, the most polar extracts showed high activity against L. monocytogenes; their MIC values ranged between 12.5 and 62.5 µg mL-1, while the hexane one exhibited low activity (MIC = 1000 µg mL-1). In short, extracts from S. odoratissima leaves may be considered promising sources of secondary metabolites with relevant antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Influence of the functional traits of seeds on germination dynamics and morphofunctional pattern of the seedlings
Authors: Polli Anderson , Romagnolo Mariza Barion , Souza Luis Antonio de , Pastorini Lindamir Hernandez
Published: July 2020

Aiming to compare morphofunctional features related to dispersion and establishment of plants, this study evaluated seed biometry and biomass, as well as germination and emergence potential in eight plant species native to the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Biometric measurements and biomass of seeds were obtained with a caliper and a precision scale. Afterwards, they were subjected to a germination test in BOD chambers under constant temperature and 12 hours photoperiod, and sown in styrofoam trays containing organic substrate and sand, kept in full sunlight. Data from germination and emergence was subjected to cluster analysis, according to the functional morphotype of the seedling. Most species presented seeds with a rounded shape, uniform staining at the mature stage, varied coat consistency, two types of dispersal syndromes (anemochory and zoochory) and four morphofunctional patterns in developing seedlings (crypto-hypogeal-storers, crypto-epigeal-storers, phanero-epigeal-storers and phanero-epigeal-foliaceous). The species belonging to group I (Albizia niopoides, Cedrela fissilis, Pterogyne nitens and Randia ferox) have foliaceous photosynthetic cotyledons and group II (Cabralea canjerana, Eugenia pyriformis, Inga laurina and Poecilanthe parviflora) have a reserve cotyledon. Species of group I had higher means in the percentage and rate of germination, less variability and amplitude of days for seedlings emergence. On the other hand, species of group II showed higher mean values in seed biometry and biomass. Thus, seeds with foliaceous cotyledons have an optimized development because of luminosity, whereas seeds with reserve tend to have slower development, remaining at the seedling stage for a longer time.
A memória do cotidiano no trabalho Conquistense: o caso do Parque Ambiental da Lagoa das Bateias
Authors: Leituga Milton Leandro Santos , Marta Felipe Eduardo Ferreira
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo proceder à análise sobre a memória e o cotidiano do trabalho urbano da cidade de Vitória da Conquista (Bahia). Durante o século XX a cidade passou por um profundo processo de urbanização marcado fortemente pelo avanço das relações capitalistas no estado da Bahia. A cidade está localizada ao sul da Chapada Diamantina, mais precisamente, no Território de Identidade de Vitória da Conquista, sendo o município um polo regional captador de recursos e investimentos. Como tentativa de compreender as consequências sociais que essa lógica impõe ao citadino, partiu-se de uma abordagem histórica apoiada em pesquisa bibliográfica para se compreender o conceito de cidade e as intersecções com a literatura específica sobre o desenvolvimento da cidade de Vitória da Conquista. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa empírica, foi realizada uma investigação de campo, no Parque Ambiental Lagoa das Bateias, por meio de entrevistas com moradores e usuários. Em outra frente, buscou-se contato com o setor público e realizou-se pesquisas junto ao arquivo municipal. As entrevistas foram feitas sob a perspectiva da História Oral, segundo pressupostos de Portelli (1997), considerando-se a área estudada segundo a narrativa inicial de um morador antigo, sendo depois entrevistados outros moradores, em sistema de rede. Dessa maneira, estruturou-se um recorte histórico da década de 1940 à contemporaneidade. O presente texto retratará o período das primeiras ocupações até a construção do parque. Pela análise do cotidiano, a pesquisa revelou a face espoliativa do processo de urbanização promovido pelo capital; cujo cerne é a produção de novas contradições na sociedade e a forma como Vitória da Conquista, caracterizada como cidade de médio porte, teve o seu cotidiano condicionado às exigências mercadológicas.
A interdisciplinaridade na administração pública: proposta de um modelo de avaliação
Authors: Oliveira Celmar Corrêa de , Santos Carlos Honorato Schuch , Stradioto Juliano Prado
Published: July 2020

A prestação dos serviços públicos em um Estado Democrático de Direito (EDD) implica atuar com eficiência e eficácia. As políticas públicas precisam impactar a sociedade, contribuindo com melhorias sociais e econômicas. Este artigo, em razão da existência de lacunas na capacitação de gestores públicos, propõe-se a discutir a interdisciplinaridade no campo da Administração Pública. Para tanto, o objeto geral é construir um modelo que possa contribuir na aferição da maturidade da interdisciplinaridade. O trabalho e o modelo proposto se apoiam, basicamente, nas contribuições teóricas de Ramos (1996), Maturana (2002) e Japiassu (2006). O modelo proposto elenca cinco critérios considerados suficientes para avaliar a maturidade da interdisciplinaridade, bem como mostra como estes critérios podem ser considerados de forma ponderada. Os conceitos que perpassam todo o trabalho são: a) autonomia e complexidade da Administração Pública; e b) Redução Sociológica. As limitações do estudo estão relacionadas nas delimitações do campo de pública. Acredita-se que o modelo proposto, por ser generalista, possa ser usado para outras áreas do conhecimento, quando a interdisciplinaridade for considerada fundamental. Essa pesquisa deixa como possibilidade de estudos futuros, compreender como ocorre a Interdisciplinaridade em cursos de Administração Pública na América Latina e também como oportunidade de aplicar o modelo proposto em outras Instituições de Ensino Superior.
A emergência da ideologia desenvolvimentista brasileira a partir das suas escolas precursoras
Authors: Almeida Andre Scholl de , Alves Laís Trajano , Mueller Rafael Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

A ideologia desenvolvimentista propõe a intervenção estatal na economia e na sociedade com o objetivo de combinar crescimento econômico sustentado e melhora dos indicadores sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é o de discutir o complexo processo histórico através do qual a ideologia desenvolvimentista brasileira emergiu historicamente como um fenômeno qualitativamente novo. Para tal, destacam-se as escolas de pensamento precursoras do desenvolvimentismo brasileiro — na Europa, o Iluminismo e a ideia de ‘Progresso’, e no Brasil, as escolas dos nacionalistas, dos defensores da indústria, do papelismo e do positivismo — e o modo imbricado através do qual essas diferentes escolas entraram em contato umas com as outras até finalmente unirem-se no século XX, formando a ideologia desenvolvimentista brasileira.
Indexical model of the previous situation: the demonstrative signals
Authors: Santos Caio César Costa
Published: July 2020

The touch, smell, sound, and visual signals can evoke indexical modes of secondary thoughts in the speaker’s mind. In this paper, we will present some points of view that demonstrative linguistic elements have a multiple nature of contextual surroundings and, among the multiplicity of natures, the memory, which involves a demonstrative mode of presentation of the previous situation. The question reflected into discussion is the following: How previous situation of the autobiographical texts is constructed if demonstrative signals are structurally invisible in the textuality? Considering this principle, the demonstrative signals seem to be linked to as the physical as the psychic field, but still relatively distant from the conscious personal spatial experience of the addresser.
Clinico-demographic profile & hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted at a tertiary care centre in north India
Authors: Mohan Anant , Tiwari Pawan , Bhatnagar Sushma , Patel Ankit , Maurya Abhishek , Dar Lalit , Pahuja Sourabh , Garg Rakesh , Gupta Nishkarsh , Sahoo Biswajeet , Gupta Ritu , Meena Ved Prakash , Vig Saurabh , Pandit Anuja , Mittal Saurabh , Madan Karan , Hadda Vijay , Dwivedi Tanima , Choudhary Aashish , Brijwal Megha , Soneja Manish , Guleria Randeep , Ratre Brajesh , Kumar Balbir , Bhopale Shweta , Panda Smriti , Singh Angel Rajan , Singh Sheetal , Wundavalli Laxmitej
Published: July 2020

Background & objectives:

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and rapidly spread globally including India. The characteristic clinical observations and outcomes of this disease (COVID-19) have been reported from different countries. The present study was aimed to describe the clinico-demographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of a group of COVID-19 patients in north India.

Methods:

This was a prospective, single-centre collection of data regarding epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, management and outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care facility in north India. Patient outcomes were recorded as death, discharge and still admitted.

Results:

Data of 144 patients with COVID-19 were recorded and analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 40.1±13.1 yr, with 93.1 per cent males, and included 10 (6.9%) foreign nationals. Domestic travel to or from affected States (77.1%) and close contact with COVID-19 patients in congregations (82.6%) constituted the most commonly documented exposure. Nine (6.3%) patients were smokers, with a median smoking index of 200. Comorbidities were present in 23 (15.9%) patients, of which diabetes mellitus (n=16; 11.1%) was the most common. A significant proportion of patients had no symptoms (n=64; 44.4%); among the symptomatic, cough (34.7%) was the most common symptom followed by fever (17.4%) and nasal symptoms (2.15%). Majority of the patients were managed with supportive treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin given on a case-to-case basis. Only five (3.5%) patients required oxygen supplementation, four (2.8%) patients had severe disease requiring intensive care, one required mechanical ventilation and mortality occurred in two (1.4%) patients. The time to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negativity was 16-18 days.

Interpretation & conclusions:

In this single-centre study of 144 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in north India, the characteristic findings included younger age, high proportion of asymptomatic patients, long time to PCR negativity and low need for intensive care unit care.
Design of Novel ETL Model to Analyse Corona Virus Data
Authors: Kumar Dewangan Amit , Ghosh S.M. , Kumar Shrivas Akhilesh
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: The corona disease was first recognized in 2019 in Wuhan, which is the capital of China’s Hubei-province, and from then it continued spreading and as a result declared as a pandemic by all nations. The COVID-19 virus has different effects on people in various ways. It is a kind of respiratory disease. The confirmed cases are increasing day to day in India, which leads to complete lockdown throughout the nation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to design a novel Extract-Trandform and Load NETL model to analyse covid19 data in india. METHODS: The extraction of useful information from a large database is a well-connected research field of text mining. This paper is proposed a novel extract-transform-load ETL model to process the COVID-19 data of India to get the exact recovery data from the multiple data sources from different states of India. In this, a knowledgebased model that generate knowledge based on three different module split, validation, and join is discussed. RESULTS: The outcomes of the proposed NETL process are, output file which has the description of total positive cases, active cases, recovery cases, and death rate, based on different regions. The analysis of NETL is done based on accuracy, failure count, and execution time. The proposed NETL process is more accurate and taking less compilation time with minimum failure count as compared with existing models. CONCLUSION: To analyze the coronavirus data in India, a novel ETL (NETL) model is proposed. In this model, a total of 9 CSV files is processed as input files to get different results in different categories. This model is having three modules namely splitting, verification, and join. The dataset is split into based on its coupling attributes and then joined with a single value to produce the updated results as per the current dataset. The last stage of this process is to join the data which is generated through splitting. The proposed NETL model is more accurate as compared with existing ETM models.
Finite descent obstruction for Hilbert modular varieties
Authors: Baldi Gregorio , Grossi Giada
Published: July 2020

Let S be a finite set of primes. We prove that a form of finite Galois descent obstruction is the only obstruction to the existence of
$\mathbb {Z}_{S}$
-points on integral models of Hilbert modular varieties, extending a result of D. Helm and F. Voloch about modular curves. Let L be a totally real field. Under (a special case of) the absolute Hodge conjecture and a weak Serre’s conjecture for mod
$\ell $
representations of the absolute Galois group of L, we prove that the same holds also for the
$\mathcal {O}_{L,S}$
-points.
Spiders’ webs of doughnuts
Authors: Fletcher Alastair , Stoertz Daniel
Published: July 2020

If

f\colon \mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}^3

is a uniformly quasiregular mapping with Julia set

J(f)

, a genus

g

Cantor set, for

g\geq 1

, then for any linearizer

L

at any repelling periodic point of

f

, the fast escaping set

A(L)

consists of a spiders' web structure containing embedded genus

g

tori on any sufficiently large scale. In other words,

A(L)

contains a spiders' web of doughnuts. This type of structure is specific to higher dimensions, and cannot happen for the fast escaping set of a transcendental entire function in the plane. We also show that if

f\colon \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n

is a uniformly quasiregular mapping, for

n\geq 2

, and

J(f)

is a Cantor set, then every periodic point is in

J(f)

and is repelling.
Application-Based Online Traffic Classification with Deep Learning Models on SDN Networks
Authors: Chang Lin-Huang , Tsung-Han Lee  , Hung-Chi Chu  , Cheng-Wei Su
Published: July 2020

The traffic classification based on the network applications is one important issue for network management. In this paper, we propose an application-based online and offline traffic classification, based on deep learning mechanisms, over software-defined network (SDN) testbed. The designed deep learning model, resigned in the SDN controller, consists of multilayer perceptron (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), and Stacked Auto-Encoder (SAE), in the SDN testbed. We employ an open network traffic dataset with seven most popular applications as the deep learning training and testing datasets. By using the TCPreplay tool, the dataset traffic samples are re-produced and analyzed in our SDN testbed to emulate the online traffic service. The performance analyses, in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 indicators, are conducted and compared with three deep learning models.
Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among selected group of Sudanese housewives with infertility disorders
Authors: Mohammed A.Gafoor A.Gadir  , Mohammed Omer Mohammed Hussein  , Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Published: July 2020

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also recognized as the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is one of the most widespread endocrinopathies between women of reproductive age. Hyperinsulinemia in mixture with pancreatic beta cell dysfunction consequences in an increased risk of numerous illnesses, counting type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin also stimulates the theca cells of the ovary to create excessive testosterone, which is accountable for the clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism
Hydrogel: Preparation, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Nandini Sahu  , Diksha Gupta  , Ujjwal Nautiyal
Published: July 2020

This review article is intended to provide an overview of hydrogel as novel vesicular drug delivery system.For the treatment of many diseases large molecular weight proteins are required. These can be available with the availability of Hydrogels. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks, which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids, and thus resemble, to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of chemical (tie-points, junctions) and/or physical crosslinks such as entanglements and crystallites. It has focused on to present a concise review on the applications of hydrogels in the pharmaceutical field, hydrogel properties, method of preparation of hydrogel, advantages and disadvantages of hydrogel, characterization of hydrogel.
Synthesis of CNPs from beetroots and carrot Pomaces and Application in reduction of Color from waste water
Authors: Harkamal Preet Kaur  , Ajay Singh  , Naveen Chandra Joshi  , Waseem Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Food sector produces million tons of waste. Out of which some is discarded as animal feed, as fertilizer or mostly treated as waste which further creates environmental hazards. The present study was done to utilize the waste pomace from vegetables – carrot and beetroot after juice extraction in the formation of Cellulose Nano Particles (CNPs). Pomaces of carrot and beetroot were treated with alkali treatment and bleaching treatment separately.So formed CNPs have shown good adsorption behavior and have shown good reduction in polluting parameters , specially colour was reduced upto 80 % in waste water.
Soberanía del conocimiento para superar inequidades Políticas de Acceso Abierto para revistas científicas en América Latina
Authors: Banzonato Guilherme
Published: July 2020

Desde el comienzo de la era digital, determinadas políticas de gestión de la ciencia han incrementado las inequidades en las condiciones de producción del conocimiento y en las posibilidades de diálogo entre los colectivos de investigadores. A fines del siglo XX y principios del XXI se inició una reacción en las más prestigiosas bibliotecas y comunidades científicas de América del Norte y Europa Occidental, y América Latina comenzó el desarrollo de sistemas de visibilidad propios, al tiempo que sucesivas declaraciones fueron definiendo al Acceso Abierto como estrategia para superar tales inequidades. En esta dirección, se han desarrollado revistas en Acceso Abierto cuya sustentabilidad está siendo puesta a prueba. Este trabajo presenta un breve estado de situación actualizado sobre algunos problemas que enfrentan los autores, evaluadores y editores latinoamericanos en la gestión y publicación de los resultados de las investigaciones. Asimismo, en él se argumenta en pro del Acceso Abierto como herramienta primordial para garantizar la soberanía del conocimiento en el Sur Global, y se sostiene que la propuesta colaborativa para la construcción conjunta de un sistema sustentable de edición científica en Acceso Abierto puede ayudar a superar las inequidades en la producción y difusión del conocimiento latinoamericano.
Mestizaje and Conviviality in Paraguay
Authors: Potthast Barbara
Published: July 2020

This paper traces the origin of the powerful mestizaje discourse as a marker of Paraguayan identity through the lens of gender and family relations. Rules and practices of family formation and sexuality reflect not only cultural but also sociopolitical hierarchies, and they allow us to connect the micro- and macro levels. An analysis of the different regimes of conviviality in Paraguay and the role that legitimate or illegitimate birth played in the struggle over group formation and social hierarchy also shows the capacities of a peripheral colonial elite to establish their own standards of social distinction, or the ones of the old elite in early independence period to circumvent a policy directed at their destruction. Finally, we explaine the rise of the nationalistic ideology of mestizaje as a uniquely Paraguayan characteristic at the beginning of the 20th century, and the reasons for its persistence in the 21st century.
The Affects of Conviviality-Inequality in Female Domestic Labour
Authors: Wasser Nicolas
Published: July 2020

The present paper discusses conviviality in the ambivalent power relations of paid female domestic labour, by tracing the ways in which affects articulate social and employment status. As several feminist scholars in Brazil have shown (Kofes 2001, Brites 2007, Biroli 2018), feelings in the domestic working sphere are oriented toward the family and friendship. In my reading, these studies foreground that expressing such affection facilitates the inclusion of a “strange” woman in the household, enables domestic workers to ask for support in difficult moments, but at the same time creates an emotional surrounding in which both hierarchy and inequality are felt more intensely. In accentuating these ambivalent power relations on the level of daily interactions, I foreground an analytical lens informed by queer, feminist and affect studies towards difference that strives to integrate symbolic, structural and subjective aspects of social inequality. In order to do so, I discuss feelings of affection within the domestic working sphere in studies from Europe and bring them into dialogue with affective archives in Brazil. Finally, this paper indicates transversality and disidentification as concepts to rethink the encounter with and in difference(s).
The impact of displacement on the social, economic and health situation on a sample of internally displaced families in Anbar Province, Iraq
Authors: Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed , Sarhan Yaseen Taha , Al-Samarrai Mustafa Ali Mustafa , Al-Taha Mahasin Ali , AL- Any Ban Nadhum , Soofi Ahmed Khalaf , Yahyaa Badeaa Thamer , Al-Rawi Ru’ya Abdulhadi
Published: July 2020

Background: Internally displaced people in Iraq are still suffering because the solutions were not radical. This study aims to assess the impact of displacement on the socio-economic, well-being, and mental health status of internally displaced families in Anbar province, Iraq.

Methods:  A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 3rd to 17th April 2017. Data was collected using a universal sampling technique. A total of 355 households interviewed with a modified questionnaire consisting of 26 close-ended questions related to the socio-economic, demographic, wellbeing, and mental health characteristics.

Results: At the time of the study, about 55.5% of the surveyed displaced families have not returned home yet. Big families of more than seven members (59.4%) and residency in renting houses (82.8%) are two variables that may contribute to an economic burden. Mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety spread among 62.3% of surveyed families. Significant rise in chronic diseases from 64 (18.0%) cases before displacement to 102 cases (28.7%) after displacement. Few of them (21.6%) were able to access public health services. People who experienced violence are verbally abused at 52.1%. Lack of services (50.3%), the inability to repair the destroyed houses (26.4%), and the loss of houses due to complete destruction (23.3%) were the significant factors that inhibited families to return home back.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate the need for urgent and strategic plans to improve the quality of logistics, health, and infrastructure services to motivate the displaced families to return back to their homes.
Evaluation of self-medication among Iraqi pharmacy students
Authors: Ahmed Fadia Thamir , Ali Ghufran Yousif Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Background: Practicing self-medication is common and a worrisome issue because of irrational drug use. This study aimed to evaluate self-medication knowledge and views among the final year pharmacy students in Iraq. 

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019. A pre-validated and self-administered questionnaire was recruited to survey pharmacy students at the University of Baghdad and Al-Rafedain University College. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS v. 20) software used to save and analyze the data. Results expressed as numbers and percentages.

Results:  A total of 344 students (response rate: 94.24%) with a mean age of 22.10 years included in this study. Most of them were female (61.60%). Self-medication was high in the past year (84.88%), and most of them (86.04%) got their medications from pharmacies. About (62.79%) of students used antibiotics as self-medication for a few days, although a significant number were aware of bacterial resistance. The main reasons to self-medicate were quick relief desired, convenience, and avoiding waiting at clinics. The reasons against it were a misdiagnosis, adverse effects' risk, and wrong medication use. Doctor visits sought necessary in cases of worsening symptoms, severe pain, and serious problems. Headache, cough, and diarrhea were the most frequent indications.

Conclusion: The self-medication prevalence is high; the knowledge is moderate, and the views about the self-medication concept are generally appropriate.
Does the quality and novel work save the researcher's effort and raise the likelihood of acceptance?
Authors: Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Research is known to be of high quality when it passes the test of experienced peers, has a potential impact on the development of scientific research, and positively contributes to improving society. While the research considered novel when the researcher has his fingerprint in the world of scientific research, i.e., the outputs brought something new or not known before in the research world. Different reasons, such as repeated studies, plagiarism, grammatical errors, out of the journal scope, and nothing new contribute to pushing the research away from the interest of the publishers.
Was the world ready to face a crisis like COVID-19?
Authors: Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed
Published: July 2020

One of the most prominent flaws in the world revealed by COVID-19 is the lack of prior preparation to collectively face international crises. Even at the national level, preparation was meager, as demonstrated by reading the size of the budget approved for health and education versus the budget approved for armament and military actions. It seems that the world was busy preparing for wars and forgot to promote the individual, community, and global health.
El concepto de masa en Terragni: análisis del monumento a Roberto Sarfatti
Authors: Díaz Cabiale Lorenzo M.
Published: July 2020

Entre 1934 y 1935 Guiuseppe Terragni proyecta el monumento a Roberto Sarfatti. Esta obra es uno de sus monumentos funerarios de los que más documentación original se conservan: dos soluciones preliminares esbozadas y dos soluciones totalmente definidas; construyéndose una de ellas. El análisis de estas soluciones permite indagar en el proceso proyectual de Terragni y descifrar algunas de las claves de su arquitectura. El estudio de la Tumba Sarfatti se realiza a partir de la ejecución de las maquetas de las distintas soluciones. Esta investigación gráfica nos muestra con mayor claridad la evolución de la obra y sus parámetros compositivos.
Análisis gráfico de los proyectos de refugios antiaéreos de la Guerra Civil en la ciudad de Castelló de la Plana
Authors: Soler Estrela Alba , Cabeza González Manuel , Sáez Riquelme Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Durante la Guerra Civil, Castelló de la Plana, como otras ciudades de la retaguardia, sufrió repetidos ataques aéreos por tierra y por mar entre los años 1937 y 1939. Estos bombardeos obligaron a tomar medidas para la defensa de la población civil, llevándose a cabo la construcción de refugios antiaéreos. Finalizado el conflicto bélico, generalmente quedaron abandonados y olvidados, y en la actualidad se conserva una parte muy pequeña de los que existieron. Desde hace unos años, se está produciendo un proceso de reconocimiento de su valor histórico, con la intención de recuperar la memoria de la guerra, contribuyendo a una cultura de la paz. El Archivo Histórico Municipal del Ayuntamiento de Castelló, conserva los proyectos originales para la construcción de refugios públicos, destacando entre su documentación la de tipo gráfico. Su análisis permite conocer los refugios desaparecidos, así como los modos de representación gráfica de ese momento histórico.
El dibujo a mano alzada como herramienta de resolución técnica: estudio de tres casos en la arquitectura contemporánea de Paraguay
Authors: Uribe Ortiz José Luis
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo se enmarca dentro de la arquitectura contemporánea de Paraguay y tiene por objetivo aproximarnos a la utilización del dibujo a mano alzada como herramienta de transmisión de conocimiento técnico entre el arquitecto y el artesano, como parte del proceso constructivo de una obra arquitectónica. Este aspecto será analizado a partir de la lectura de casos, que consideran como base de datos las ilustraciones originales de tres edificios, como un testimonio vivo del proceso de obra.
Análisis gráfico de transformaciones de espacios urbanos. La Plaza de la Virgen de Valencia en el periodo 1700 - 1870
Authors: Cabanes Ginés José Luis
Published: July 2020

En el presente trabajo se trata la transformación urbana de la Plaza de la Virgen de Valencia desde 1700 hasta 1870, aproximadamente. Como soporte gráfico se ha modelado la misma mediante fotogrametría, obteniendo reconstrucciones digitales de ambas etapas. Con ello pretendemos contribuir a la revisión crítica de espacios urbanos que presentan problemas de imagen evidentes, como éste, a través una metodología basada en un análisis gráfico y visual combinado.
Democracy, neoliberalism, and school choice: A comparative analysis of India and the United States
Authors: Boucher Eddie
Published: July 2020

India and the United States are the largest democracies in the world, and since the 1990s, both countries have implemented neoliberal economic reforms into most of their social institutions—including their education systems. Even though both countries have long-established commitments to public education as a means for socio-economic equitability for all citizens, in the wake of neoliberal reforms both countries have made significant moves to privatize education. The justification for school privatization was based on policies that redefined democracy in economic terms, and the result is a very undemocratic marginalization for the majority of students who do not have the means to participate in school choice. This article explored these issues by analyzing governmental student enrollment data, funding schemes, and media reporting on school-choice initiatives.
Particle number concentrations and size distribution in a polluted megacity: the Delhi Aerosol Supersite study
Authors: Gani Shahzad , Bhandari Sahil , Patel Kanan , Seraj Sarah , Soni Prashant , Arub Zainab , Habib Gazala , Hildebrandt Ruiz Lea , Apte Joshua S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Indian national capital, Delhi, routinely experiences some of the world's highest urban particulate matter concentrations. While fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations in Delhi are at least an order of magnitude higher than in many western cities, the particle number (PN) concentrations are not similarly elevated. Here we report on 1.25 years of highly time-resolved particle size distribution (PSD) data in the size range of 12–560 nm. We observed that the large number of accumulation mode particles – that constitute most of the PM2.5 mass – also contributed substantially to the PN concentrations. The ultrafine particle (UFP; Dp<100 nm) fraction of PNs was higher during the traffic rush hours and for daytimes of warmer seasons, which is consistent with traffic and nucleation events being major sources of urban UFPs. UFP concentrations were found to be relatively lower during periods with some of the highest mass concentrations. Calculations based on measured PSDs and coagulation theory suggest UFP concentrations are suppressed by a rapid coagulation sink during polluted periods when large concentrations of particles in the accumulation mode result in high surface area concentrations. A smaller accumulation mode for warmer months results in an increased UFP fraction, likely owing to a comparatively smaller coagulation sink. We also see evidence suggestive of nucleation which may also contribute to the increased UFP proportions during the warmer seasons. Even though coagulation does not affect mass concentrations, it can significantly govern PN levels with important health and policy implications. Implications of a strong accumulation mode coagulation sink for future air quality control efforts in Delhi are that a reduction in mass concentration, especially in winter, may not produce a proportional reduction in PN concentrations. Strategies that only target accumulation mode particles (which constitute much of the fine PM2.5 mass) may even lead to an increase in the UFP concentrations as the coagulation sink decreases.
Significant wintertime PM2.5 mitigation in the Yangtze River Delta, China from 2016 to 2019: observational constraints on anthropogenic emission controls
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Yu Shaocai , Li Pengfei , Chen Xue , Li Zhen , Zhang Yibo , Li Mengying , Mehmood Khalid , Liu Weiping , Chai Tianfeng , Zhu Yannian , Rosenfeld Daniel , Seinfeld John H.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mitigation relies strongly on anthropogenic emission control measures, the actual effectiveness of which is challenging to pinpoint owing to the complex synergies between anthropogenic emissions and meteorology. Here, observational constraints on model simulations allow us to derive not only reliable PM2.5 evolution but also accurate meteorological fields. In this study, we isolate meteorological factors to achieve reliable estimates of surface PM2.5 responses to both long-term and emergency emission control measures from 2016 to 2019 over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. The results show that long-term emission control strategies play a crucial role in curbing PM2.5 levels (> 14 μg/m3, 19 %), especially in the megacities and other areas with abundant anthropogenic emissions. The G20 summit hosted in Hangzhou in 2016 provides a unique and ideal opportunity involving the most stringent, even unsustainable, emergency emission control measures. For the winter time periods from 2016 to 2019, the most substantial declines in PM2.5 concentrations (~ 35 μg/m3, ~ 59 %) are thus achieved in Hangzhou and its surrounding areas. The following hotspots also emerge in megacities, especially in Shanghai (32 μg/m3, 51 %), Nanjing (27 μg/m3, 55 %), and Hefei (24 μg/m3, 44 %). Compared to the long-term policies from 2016 to 2019, the emergency emission control measures implemented during the G20 Summit achieve more significant decreases in PM2.5 concentrations (17 μg/m3 and 41 %) over most of the whole domain, especially in Hangzhou (24 μg/m3, 48 %) and Shanghai (21 μg/m3, 45 %). By extrapolation, we derive insight into the magnitude and spatial distributions of PM2.5 mitigation potentials across the YRD, revealing significantly additional rooms for curbing PM2.5 levels.
Inversion of multiangular polarimetric measurements from the ACEPOL campaign: an application of improving aerosol property and hyperspectral ocean color retrievals
Authors: Gao Meng , Zhai Peng-Wang , Franz Bryan A. , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Ibrahim Amir , Cairns Brian , Craig Susanne E. , Fu Guangliang , Hasekamp Otto , Hu Yongxiang , Werdell P. Jeremy
Published: July 2020

Abstract. NASA's Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission, scheduled for launch in the time frame of late 2022 to early 2023, will carry the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), a hyperspectral scanning radiometer, and two multiangle polarimeters (MAPs), the UMBC Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter 2 (HARP2) and the SRON Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary EXploration one (SPEXone). One purpose of the PACE MAPs is to better characterize aerosol properties, which can then be used to improve atmospheric correction for the retrieval of ocean color in coastal waters. Though this is theoretically promising, the use of MAP data in the atmospheric correction of colocated hyperspectral ocean color measurements have not yet been well demonstrated. In this work, we performed aerosol retrievals using the MAP measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) and demonstrate its application to the atmospheric correction of hyperspectral radiometric measurements from SPEX airborne. Both measurements were collected on the same aircraft from the Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar (ACEPOL) field campaign in 2017. Two cases over ocean with small aerosol loading (aerosol optical depth ∼0.04) are identified including colocated RSP and SPEX airborne measurements and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground-based observations. The aerosol retrievals are performed and compared with two options: one uses reflectance measurement only and the other uses both reflectance and polarization.
It is demonstrated that polarization information helps reduce the uncertainties of aerosol microphysical and optical properties. The retrieved aerosol properties are then used to compute the contribution of atmosphere and ocean surface for atmospheric correction over the discrete bands from RSP measurements and the hyperspectral SPEX airborne measurements. The water-leaving signals determined this way are compared with both AERONET and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color products for performance analysis.
The results and lessons learned from this work will provide a basis to fully exploit the information from the unique combination of sensors on PACE for aerosol characterization and ocean ecosystem research.
A Cavity-Enhanced UV Absorption Instrument for High Precision, Fast Time Response Ozone Measurements
Authors: Hannun Reem A. , Swanson Andrew K. , Bailey Steven A. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Bui T. Paul , Bourgeois Ilann , Peischl Jeff , Ryerson Thomas B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The NASA Rapid Ozone Experiment (ROZE) is a broadband cavity-enhanced UV absorption instrument for the detection of in situ ozone (O3). ROZE uses an incoherent LED light source coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity to achieve an effective pathlength of ~ 104 m. Due to its high-sensitivity and small optical cell volume, ROZE demonstrates a 1σ precision of 80 pptv (0.1 s) and 31 pptv (1 s), as well as a 1/e response time of 50 ms. ROZE can be operated in a range of field environments, including low- and high-altitude research aircraft, and is particularly suited to O3 vertical flux measurements using the eddy covariance technique. ROZE was successfully integrated aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during July–September 2019 and validated against a well-established chemiluminescence measurement of O3. A flight within the marine boundary layer also demonstrated flux measurement capabilities, and we observed a mean O3 deposition velocity of 0.029 ± 0.005 cm s–1 to the ocean surface. The performance characteristics detailed below make ROZE a robust, versatile instrument for field measurements of O3.
A global eddying hindcast ocean simulation with OFES2
Authors: Sasaki Hideharu , Kida Shinichiro , Furue Ryo , Aiki Hidenori , Komori Nobumasa , Masumoto Yukio , Miyama Toru , Nonaka Masami , Sasai Yoshikazu , Taguchi Bunmei
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A quasi-global eddying ocean hindcast simulation using a
new version of our model, called OFES2 (Ocean General Circulation Model for
the Earth Simulator version 2), was conducted to overcome several issues with
unrealistic properties in its previous version, OFES. This paper
describes the model and the simulated oceanic fields in OFES2 compared with
OFES and also observed data. OFES2 includes a sea-ice model and a tidal
mixing scheme, is forced by a newly created surface atmospheric dataset
called JRA55-do, and simulated the oceanic fields from 1958 to 2016. We found
several improvements in OFES2 over OFES: smaller biases in the global sea
surface temperature and sea surface salinity as well as the water mass properties
in the Indonesian and Arabian seas. The time series of the Niño3.4 and
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) indexes are somewhat better in OFES2 than in OFES.
Unlike the previous version, OFES2 reproduces more realistic anomalously low
sea surface temperatures during a positive IOD event. One possible cause of
these improvements in El Niño and IOD events is the replacement of the
atmospheric dataset. On the other hand, several issues remained unrealistic,
such as the pathways of the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream and the unrealistic
spreading of salty Mediterranean overflow. Given the worldwide use of the
previous version and the improvements presented here, the output from
OFES2 will be useful in studying various oceanic phenomena with broad
spatiotemporal scales.
Comparative analysis of Kernel-based versus BFGS-ANN and deep
learning methods in monthly reference evaporation estimation
Authors: Sattari Mohammad Taghi , Apaydin Halit , Shamshirband Shahab , Mosavi Amir
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Proper estimation of the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) amount is an indispensable matter for agricultural water management in the efficient use of water. The aim of study is to estimate the amount of ET0 with a different machine and deep learning methods by using minimum meteorological parameters in the Corum region which is an arid and semi-arid climate with an important agricultural center of Turkey. In this context, meteorological variables of average, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed, average, maximum, and minimum relative humidity are used as input data monthly. Two different kernel-based (Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR)) methods, BFGS-ANN and Long short-term memory models were used to estimate ET0 amounts in 10 different combinations. According to the results obtained, all four methods used predicted ET0 amounts in acceptable accuracy and error levels. BFGS-ANN model showed higher success than the others. In kernel-based GPR and SVR methods, Pearson VII function-based universal kernel was the most successful kernel function. Besides, the scenario that is related to temperature in all scenarios used, including average temperature, maximum and minimum temperature, and sunshine duration gave the best results. The second-best scenario was the one that covers only the sunshine duration. In this case, the ANN (BFGS-ANN) model, which is optimized with the BFGS method that uses only the sunshine duration, can be estimated with the 0.971 correlation coefficient of ET0 without the need for other meteorological parameters.
Temporal interpolation of land surface fluxes derived from remote sensing – results with an unmanned aerial system
Authors: Wang Sheng , Garcia Monica , Ibrom Andreas , Bauer-Gottwein Peter
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Remote sensing imagery can provide snapshots of rapidly changing land surface variables, e.g. evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (Ts), net radiation (Rn), soil moisture (θ), and gross primary productivity (GPP), for the time of sensor overpass. However, discontinuous data acquisitions limit the applicability of remote sensing for water resources and ecosystem management. Methods to interpolate between remote sensing snapshot data and to upscale them from an instantaneous to a daily timescale are needed. We developed a dynamic soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model to interpolate land surface state variables that change rapidly between remote sensing observations. The “Soil–Vegetation, Energy, water, and CO2 traNsfer” (SVEN) model, which combines the snapshot version of the remote sensing Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory ET model and light use efficiency GPP models, now incorporates a dynamic component for the ground heat flux based on the “force-restore” method and a water balance “bucket” model to estimate θ and canopy wetness at a half-hourly time step. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the method using optical and thermal data from an unmanned aerial system at a willow plantation flux site (Risoe, Denmark). Based on model parameter calibration with the snapshots of land surface variables at the time of flight, SVEN interpolated UAS-based snapshots to continuous records of Ts, Rn, θ, ET, and GPP for the 2016 growing season with forcing from continuous climatic data and the normalized
difference vegetation index (NDVI). Validation with eddy covariance and other in situ observations indicates that SVEN can estimate daily land surface fluxes between remote sensing acquisitions with normalized root mean square deviations of the simulated daily Ts, Rn, θ, LE, and GPP of 11.77 %, 6.65 %, 19.53 %, 14.77 %, and 12.97 % respectively.
In this deciduous tree plantation, this study demonstrates that temporally
sparse optical and thermal remote sensing observations can be used to
calibrate soil and vegetation parameters of a simple land surface modelling
scheme to estimate “low-persistence” or rapidly changing land surface
variables with the use of few forcing variables. This approach can also be
applied with remotely-sensed data from other platforms to fill temporal gaps, e.g. cloud-induced data gaps in satellite observations.