bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lost voices part 2: Modifying psychological therapies for two young men with complex learning disabilities following alleged sexual and physical abuse: A case study in trauma recovery
Authors: Digman Carmel
Published: February 2021

Accessible summary

Two young men who have learning disabilities became mentally ill. They said that they had been hurt by their carers. They said that the carers hit them and made them have sex with them.

They had post‐traumatic stress disorder, which made them scream, cry, hurt themselves and have frightening nightmares.

They were helped by a Mental Health of Learning Disabilities Team. They talked to a psychologist which helped them to understand what happened to them.

Talking to the psychologist helped them to get better. They could do the things that they enjoyed again. The therapy took 2 years.

This paper writes about new and better ways to help people who have learning disabilities recover when someone has hurt them or frightened them.

Background

This is the second of two papers describing a case study of two young men with complex learning disabilities. They presented with severe trauma‐related mental distress following alleged sexual, emotional and physical abuse. This paper concerns the psychological intervention and support provided for them and their families over a period of 2 years. There is a lack of research, guidance and evaluated therapeutic models for the assessment and treatment of people with complex learning and communication needs following abuse.

Methods

In this case, therapeutic interventions were modified from systemic and narrative therapies and interpersonal psychotherapy. Creative techniques included acting, drawing and walks to develop a therapeutic relationship, to experience affect in a contained and safe way and to support the development of coherent narratives.

Results

Recovery moved through stages of remembering and recounting, understanding and assimilating and improved mental well‐being and coping strategies.

Conclusions

Modified models of therapy proved effective and further research recommended. The personal strengths and family support of the men were critical in progressing recovery.
Ruxolitinib as adjunctive therapy for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case series
Authors: Hansen Sarah , Alduaij Waleed , Biggs Catherine M. , Belga Sara , Luecke Kai , Merkeley Hayley , Chen Luke Y. C.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a cytokine storm syndrome associated with mortality rates of up to 88%. Standard therapy with high‐dose glucocorticoids and etoposide used in adults is extrapolated from pediatric trials, with significant toxicity in older patients and those with poor performance status. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has recently gained attention as a treatment option for HLH due to its broad cytokine‐modulating abilities and safety profile. Herein we report our center's experience using ruxolitinib in the treatment of adult‐onset secondary HLH.

Case series

We report four patients with profound secondary HLH provoked by diverse triggers, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis on background systemic lupus erythematosus, disseminated tuberculosis, and T‐cell lymphoma treated with ruxolitinib as monotherapy or combination therapy in upfront and salvage settings.

Results

All four patients had rapid, sustained improvement in clinical status, inflammatory markers, and hematological cell counts followed by durable remission. Three patients developed manageable infectious complications postruxolitinib.

Conclusions

This series demonstrates the effective use of JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib to control pathological immune activation in critically ill patients with secondary HLH and otherwise limited therapeutic options. JAK inhibition is also an area of urgent investigation for the treatment of cytokine storm associated with COVID‐19.
GPCR signaling: role in mediating the effects of early adversity in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Tiwari Praachi , Fanibunda Sashaina E. , Kapri Darshana , Vasaya Shweta , Pati Sthitapranjya , Vaidya Vidita A.
Published: February 2021

Early adversity is a key risk factor for the development of several psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. During early life, neurocircuits that regulate emotionality undergo substantial structural remodeling and functional maturation, and are thus particularly susceptible to modification by environmental experience. Preclinical evidence indicates that early stress enhances adult anxio‐depressive behaviors. A commonality noted across diverse early stress models is life‐long alterations in neuroendocrine stress responses and monoaminergic neurotransmission in key limbic circuits. Dysregulation of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is noted across multiple early stress models and is hypothesized to be an important player in the programming of aberrant emotionality. This raises the possibility that disruption of GPCR signaling in key limbic regions during critical temporal windows could establish a substrate for enhanced risk of adult psychopathology. Here, we review literature, predominantly from preclinical models, which supports the building hypothesis that a disruption of GPCR signaling could play a central role in programming persistent molecular, cellular, functional, and behavioral changes as a consequence of early adversity.
Water skating: How polymerase sliding clamps move on DNA
Authors: Li Huilin , Zheng Fengwei , O’Donnell Mike
Published: February 2021

Polymerase sliding clamps are ring‐shaped proteins that encircle duplex DNA and hold polymerases to DNA for high processivity during synthesis. The crystal structure of clamp‐DNA complex reveals that the DNA is highly tilted through the clamp with extensive interaction with the clamp inner surface. In contrast to the tilted clamp‐DNA interaction without DNA polymerases, recent structures of replicative polymerases of bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea that are bound to the clamp and DNA show that the polymerase positions DNA straight through the clamp without direct protein‐DNA contacts. Instead, the clamp‐to‐DNA interaction is mediated by one or two layers of water. Hence, clamps ‘water skate’ on DNA during function with replicative polymerases from all domains of life, providing a nearly frictionless bearing for fast and processive DNA synthesis.
Noninvasive markers of arterial stiffness and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Guo Xinru , Li Yisha , Yang Ying , Wang Wenling , Liang Shuang , Zheng Ying , Chen Xiangmei , Cai Guangyan
Published: February 2021

Our study aimed to explore the intercorrelations of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle‐brachial index (ABI), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), 24‐hour mean pulse pressure (24‐h   PP), and augmentation index (AIx, AIx@75, the AIx standardized to a heart rate of 75) and compare the effectiveness of these markers for predicting renal outcomes. A total of 117 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who received noninvasive arterial stiffness examinations were enrolled. We used correlation analysis and linear regression to explore the correlations between these five arterial stiffness markers and the Cox proportional hazards model and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the associations of markers with kidney disease outcomes. The median (interquartile range) of age and eGFR were 61 (49‐65) years and 50.5 (35.5‐84.1) ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. In Pearson correlation analysis, baPWV was significantly associated with 24‐h  PP (r = .531, p < .001), AIx@75 (r = .306, p < .001). Additionally, 24‐h  PP was associated with AASI (r = .507, p < .001) and AIx@75 (r = .217, p = .019). During follow‐up for a median of 25 months, 26.5% (n = 31) of patients had a composite outcome; of these, 10 initiated dialysis, 17 had 40% eGFR loss, and 4 died. Increased AASI, 24‐h  PP, and baPWV were associated with poor renal outcomes in a univariate Cox analysis. After adjusting for age, sex, MAP, eGFR, and 24 hours proteinuria, 1‐SD increase in AASI and 24‐h  PP was associated with renal outcomes. The ROC analysis yielded the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.624 to 0.831; p < .001) for 24  ‐h PP. When the Youden's index was at its maximum, the 24‐h PP value was 52 mmHg. In conclusion, 24‐h  PP, baPWV, and AIx@75 were linked well to one another. Arterial stiffness is a target for delaying the decline in kidney function. The use of 24‐h  PP as an arterial stiffness marker should be valued in CKD clinical practice.
Genetic mapping reveals a major QTL associated with tolerance to the aphid, Uroleucon compositae (Theobald) in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
Authors: Jegadeeswaran Mokkaraj , Kadirvel Palchamy , Srinivas Potukuchi Satya , Senthilvel Senapathy , Selvaraj Velu Mani , Mobeen Shaik , Rushwanth Reddy Yarabapani , Usha Kiran Betha , Mukta Nidamarty
Published: February 2021

Host plant resistance is an effective means of managing aphid pests in safflower but its genetic basis is not known. In this study, F1 and F6‐recombinant inbred lines (RILs) produced from the CO‐1 × EC‐523368‐2 cross were phenotyped for tolerance to the aphid, Uroleucon compositae based on days‐to‐wilt (DW) after infestation. The F1 plants showed the dominance effect and RILs exhibited quantitative variation. The RIL population was genotyped with 242 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which included a set of 150 new SSRs designed through next‐generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), QUc‐Ct3.1 and QUc‐Ct5.1, putatively associated with DW after aphid infestation were detected. QUc‐Ct3.1 was a major QTL located on linkage group (LG) 3 with the closest marker SafM‐290 (LOD = 18.3), which explained 31.5% of the phenotypic variation. QUc‐Ct5.1 was a minor QTL located on LG‐5 with the closest marker CtDES‐237 (LOD = 7.0), which explained 9.1% of the phenotypic variation. This is the first report and a significant lead towards discovering genes for tolerance to aphids in safflower.
Is donation after circulatory determination of death feasible for pediatric patients in italy?
Authors: Giugni Cristina , Cecchi Costanza , Santucci Claudia , Scuncia Glenda
Published: February 2021

To determine the potential effect of a donation after cardiac death active program on the number of organ donors in a Italian Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). We conducted a retrospective study of all deaths in PICU of an academic Children Hospital between 2012 and 2020, tracing the organ donation activity. Patients were categorized as brain deaths, deaths despite maximal resuscitation, and deaths after withdrawal or limitation of life support. Patient demographics, premortem physiology, end‐of‐life circumstances, and functional warm ischemia time were recorded. Eligible donors after cardiac death were identified by the absence of medical contraindication and functional warm ischemia time <60 minutes. Of 124 deaths that occurred during the study period, 34 met criteria for brain death, 23 were potential donors, and 13 became actual donors. Of the remaining 90 patients that met criteria for cardiac death, 66 died despite maximal resuscitation, 24 died after withdrawal or limitation of care and between them 13 were identified as theoretically eligible DCD donors. Of these, 5 patients had a functional warm ischemia time of <1 hour and were potential candidates for DCD of 10 kidneys and 2 lungs. Even if few children could have been eligible for DCD in the study period, an active program could have been able to increase the number of potential organ donors by 20% in the last eight years at our institution. DCD deserves to be explored in Italy as a new option for children.
Barriers and facilitators for dental care among patients with severe or long‐term mental illness
Authors: Bjørkvik Jofrid , Henriquez Quintero Diana Patricia , Vika Margrethe E. , Nielsen Geir Høstmark , Virtanen Jorma I.
Published: February 2021

Background

Persons who struggle with severe or long‐term mental illness (SMI) have a higher prevalence of oral health problems than the general population. Obtaining and continuing dental treatment is challenging for this patient group for many reasons, and many drop out of active treatment. Our study aimed to explore perceived barriers to obtaining optimal dental health care for patients with SMI. Further, we sought to identify possible ways to facilitate for providing true access to dental services for this population.

Methods

The study utilised a flexible qualitative design with data collected during ordinary clinical practice in a public dental clinic in Norway. We conducted semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with 51 persons with SMI twice: an initial interview before dental treatment and a final one after dental treatment. We applied the thematic analysis method.

Results

Thematic analysis revealed two key themes in the participants’ experiences of access to dental health services: practical conditions and relationship with the dentist. Patients reported barriers and facilitators for access to care as factors associated with patients (patient factors), with the dentist (dentist factors) and with healthcare services (system factors).

Conclusions

Our study indicates that persons with SMI appreciate oral health and want to obtain needed oral care and dental treatment, but they encounter barriers on several fronts. The participants offered suggestions for how to facilitate attendance and adherence. Our findings suggest that dental healthcare services require reorganisation to meet the needs of patients with SMI.
Comparing the frequency and variation of additive word problems in United States first‐grade textbooks in the 1980s and the Common Core era
Authors: Schoen Robert C. , Champagne Zachary , Whitacre Ian , McCrackin Shelby
Published: February 2021

Decades of research conducted worldwide has resulted in a taxonomy for word problems involving additive situations. Research published in the 1980s found that U.S. curricula only exposed first‐grade students to a small subset of the easiest types of word problems. Widely adopted curriculum standards in the United States call for first‐grade students to be exposed to the full set of 11 types of problems in the taxonomy, but research shows that substantive changes to the content of instructional materials can be elusive. We asked whether the U.S. curricula continue to expose students to the same small subset of problems. We coded four widely used first‐grade textbooks from the Common Core era. Comparing our findings with those from the 1980s, we found many more word problems, a wider variety of word problems, and a consistent pattern in relative emphasis of various problems in the current textbooks. These results clearly show that U.S. students’ exposure to word problems through curriculum materials has changed. This finding lays the groundwork for further research to determine whether such changes in exposure to different types of word problems have resulted in changes to relative problem difficulty.
Verminous myelopathy secondary to aberrant Dirofilaria immitis migrans was detected in the cervical subarachnoid space of four dogs using MRI and CT
Authors: Beasley Michaela J. , Hiebert Elizabeth C. , Alcott Cody , Jeffery Nicholas , LaFoon‐Jones Brooklynn , Gambino Jennifer M.
Published: February 2021

Aberrant Dirofilaria immitis migrans is a rare cause of neurologic signs in dogs, however, published studies describing the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of this problem are currently lacking. The objective of this retrospective case series study was to describe the clinical and imaging findings for four adult dogs with verminous myelopathy due to aberrant Dirofilaria immitis migrans within the cervical subarachnoid space. All dogs were toy breeds, were heartworm antigen positive, had neurologic signs (ranging from cervical hyperesthesia to tetraparesis), and similar MRI findings. In two patients additionally imaged with CT, findings were variable. On MRI, each dog had a single large, dorsal‐ to laterally located, intradural‐extramedullary, fusiform mass with characteristic stippled, mixed T2‐weighted and T1‐weighted signal intensity, hypo‐to‐iso T1‐weighted signal intensity, and spinal cord compression. Nematodes were identified as serpentine or circular subarachnoid structures with low T2‐weighted and T1‐weighted signal in the sagittal and transverse image planes, respectively. CT (n = 2 dogs) demonstrated focal regions of mildly enhancing intradural‐extramedullary spinal cord compression in 1 dog. Dorsal laminectomy and durotomy were performed in two dogs at C3‐C4. A C4‐5 hemilaminectomy with durotomy and dural biopsy was performed in one dog. Extraction of live, immature adult, female D. immitis worms was performed in three dogs. Operated dogs had complete post‐surgical resolution of clinical signs. One dog was euthanized without surgery; necropsy revealed an adult heartworm in the spinal subarachnoid space at C2. Findings indicated that cervical spinal subarachnoid D. immitis aberrant migration should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with this combination of clinical and CT/MRI imaging findings, and that the prognosis may be good with early detection and surgical removal.
RIPK3 Facilitates Host Resistance to Oral Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Cervantes Patrick W. , Martorelli Di Genova Bruno , Erazo Flores Billy Joel , Knoll Laura J.
Published: February 2021

Toxoplasma gondiiinfection activates pattern recognition receptor (PRR) pathways that drive innate inflammatory responses to control infection. Necroptosis is a proinflammatory cell death pathway apart from the innate immune response that has evolved to control pathogenic infection.
Increased Oxidative Stress Tolerance of a Spontaneously Occurring
perR
Gene Mutation in Streptococcus mutans UA159
Authors: Kajfasz Jessica K. , Zuber Peter , Ganguly Tridib , Abranches Jacqueline , Lemos José A.
Published: February 2021

A resident of the human oral biofilm,
Streptococcus mutans
is one of the major bacterial pathogens associated with dental caries. This report highlights a spontaneously occurring mutation within the laboratory strain
S. mutans
UA159 found in the coding region of
perR
, a gene encoding a transcriptional repressor associated with peroxide tolerance.
A Secreted NlpC/P60 Endopeptidase from Photobacterium damselae subsp.
piscicida
Cleaves the Peptidoglycan of Potentially Competing Bacteria
Authors: Lisboa Johnny , Pereira Cassilda , Rifflet Aline , Ayala Juan , Terceti Mateus S. , Barca Alba V. , Rodrigues Inês , Pereira Pedro José Barbosa , Osorio Carlos R. , García-del Portillo Francisco , Gomperts Boneca Ivo , do Vale Ana , dos Santos Nuno M. S.
Published: February 2021

Peptidoglycan (PG) is a major component of the bacterial cell wall formed by long chains of two alternating sugars interconnected by short peptides, generating a mesh-like structure that enwraps the bacterial cell. Although PG provides structural integrity and support for anchoring other components of the cell envelope, it is constantly being remodeled through the action of specific enzymes that cleave or join its components.
Single-Molecule Dynamics at a Bacterial Replication Fork after Nutritional Downshift or Chemically Induced Block in Replication
Authors: Hernández-Tamayo Rogelio , Schmitz Hannah , Graumann Peter L.
Published: February 2021

All cells need to adjust DNA replication, which is achieved by a well-orchestrated multiprotein complex, in response to changes in physiological and environmental conditions. For replication forks, it is extremely challenging to meet with conditions where amino acids are rapidly depleted from cells, called the stringent response, to deal with the inhibition of one of the centrally involved proteins or with DNA modifications that arrest the progression of forks.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Subtypes Are Differentially Associated with Human Infections and Immunobiological Activities
Authors: Chuang-Smith Olivia N. , Schlievert Patrick M.
Published: February 2021

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C has four subtypes that cause human diseases, designated SEC-1 to -4. This study shows that SEC-2 and SEC-3 are the most toxic subtypes in a rabbit model and are associated with human vaginal infections or colonization in association with another superantigen, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.
Predominance of Atopobium vaginae at Midtrimester: a Potential Indicator of Preterm Birth Risk in a Nigerian Cohort
Authors: Odogwu Nkechi Martina , Chen Jun , Onebunne Chinedum Amara , Jeraldo Patricio , Yang Lu , Johnson Stephen , Ayeni Funmilola A. , Walther-Antonio Marina R. S. , Olayemi Oladapo O. , Chia Nicholas , Omigbodun Akinyinka O.
Published: February 2021

Giving birth too soon accounts for half of all newborn deaths worldwide. Clinical symptoms alone are not sufficient to identify women at risk of giving birth too early, as such a pragmatic approach to reducing the incidence of preterm birth entails developing early strategies for intervention before it materializes.
Supplemental Material: Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture
Authors: Witter R.C. , al. et
Published: February 2021

GIS material includes four shapefiles depicting geomorphic lines, fault lines, unit contacts, and geologic units mapped on lidar-based digital elevation models and in the field as explained in the paper.
Supplemental Material: Late Eocene post-collisional magmatic rocks from the southern Qiangtang terrane record the melting of pre-collisional enriched lithospheric mantle
Authors: Qi Yue , Wang Qiang , al. et
Published: February 2021

Analytical methods and analytical results for the Early Cretaceous and late Eocene mafic rocks in the southern Qiangtang terrane.
MRS SOFIA: a multicenter retrospective study for use of Sofia for revascularization of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Raz Eytan , De Leacy Reade , Meila Dan , Mokin Maxim , Samaniego Edgar A , Shapiro Maksim , Bageac Devin , Varon Alberto , Ren Zeguang , Rinaldo Lorenzo , Cloft Harry J
Published: February 2021

Background

Over the past several years there has been increased interest in the use of the Sofia aspiration system (MicroVention, Tustin, California) as a primary aspiration catheter.

Objective

To perform a multicenter retrospective study examining the efficacy of the Sofia aspiration catheter as a standalone aspiration treatment for large vessel occlusion.

Methods

Consecutive cases in which the Sofia catheter was used for aspiration thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion were included. Exclusion criteria were the following: (1) Sofia not used for first pass, and (2) a stent retriever used as an adjunct on the first pass. The primary outcome of the study was first pass recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2c/3). Secondary outcomes included first pass TICI 2b/3, crossover to other thrombectomy devices, number of passes, time from puncture to recanalization, and complications.

Results

323 patients were included. First pass TICI 2c/3 was achieved in 49.8% of cases (161/323). First pass TICI 2b/3 was achieved in 69.7% (225/323) of cases. 74.8% had TICI 2b/3 with the Sofia alone. Crossover to other thrombectomy devices occurred in 29.1% of cases (94/323). The median number of passes was 1 (IQR=1–3). Median time from puncture to recanalization was 26 min (IQR=17–45). Procedure related complications occurred in 3.1% (10/323) of cases.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the potential advantage of the Sofia aspiration catheter for primary aspiration thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. High rates of first pass recanalization with low crossover rates to other thrombectomy devices were achieved. Median procedure time was low, as were procedural complications.
E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW1 promotes the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells through mediating the ubiquitination of Smad4
Authors: Lu Chen , Ning Guangyao , Si Panpan , Zhang Chunsheng , Liu Wenjian , Ge Wei , Cui Kai , Zhang Renquan , Ge Shenglin
Published: February 2021

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Ubiquitin modification plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, and is closely associated with cancer pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to clarify the role and mechanisms of action for HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECW1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we demonstrate that the expression of HECW1 was significantly increased in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Upregulation of HECW1 markedly enhanced the proliferation of NSCLC cells, whereas downregulation of HECW1 significantly inhibited proliferation. Moreover, the expression levels of HECW1 positively correlated with the migration and invasiveness of NSCLC cells. Upregulation or downregulation of HECW1 only affected the protein expression levels of SMAD family member 4 (Smad4), but had no effect on the mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, after treatment with MG-132, the relative protein level of Smad4 significantly increased in NSCLC cells. HECW1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of NSCLC cells by inducing the ubiquitination and degradation of Smad4, thus our data provide a novel target for NSCLC treatment.
Forward Higgs production within high energy factorization in the heavy quark limit at next-to-leading order accuracy
Authors: Hentschinski M. , Kutak K. , van Hameren A.
Published: February 2021

We use Lipatov’s high energy effective action to determine the next-to-leading order corrections to Higgs production in the forward region within high energy factorization making use of the infinite top mass limit. Our result is based on an explicit calculation of real corrections combined with virtual corrections determined earlier by Nefedov. As a new element we provide a proper definition of the desired next-to-leading order coefficient within the high energy effective action framework, extending a previously proposed prescription. We further propose a subtraction mechanism to achieve for this coefficient a stable cancellation of real and virtual infra-red singularities in the presence of external off-shell legs. Apart from its relevance for direct phenomenological studies, such as high energy resummation of Higgs $$+$$
+
jet configurations, our result will be further of use for the study of transverse momentum dependent factorization in the high energy limit.
Geodesic deviation, Raychaudhuri equation, Newtonian limit, and tidal forces in Weyl-type f(Q, T) gravity
Authors: Yang Jin-Zhao , Shahidi Shahab , Harko Tiberiu , Liang Shi-Dong
Published: February 2021

We consider the geodesic deviation equation, describing the relative accelerations of nearby particles, and the Raychaudhuri equation, giving the evolution of the kinematical quantities associated with deformations (expansion, shear and rotation) in the Weyl-type f(Q, T) gravity, in which the non-metricity Q is represented in the standard Weyl form, fully determined by the Weyl vector, while T represents the trace of the matter energy–momentum tensor. The effects of the Weyl geometry and of the extra force induced by the non-metricity–matter coupling are explicitly taken into account. The Newtonian limit of the theory is investigated, and the generalized Poisson equation, containing correction terms coming from the Weyl geometry, and from the geometry matter coupling, is derived. As a physical application of the geodesic deviation equation the modifications of the tidal forces, due to the non-metricity–matter coupling, are obtained in the weak-field approximation. The tidal motion of test particles is directly influenced by the gradients of the extra force, and of the Weyl vector. As a concrete astrophysical example we obtain the expression of the Roche limit (the orbital distance at which a satellite begins to be tidally torn apart by the body it orbits) in the Weyl-type f(Q, T) gravity.
Bondi–Hoyle accretion around the non-rotating black hole in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Donmez Orhan
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the numerical investigation of a Bondi–Hoyle accretion around a non-rotating black hole in a novel four dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity is investigated by solving the general relativistic hydrodynamical equations using the high resolution shock capturing scheme. For this purpose, the accreated matter from the wind-accreating X-ray binaries falls towards the black hole from the far upstream side of the domain, supersonically. We study the effects of Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant $$\alpha $$
α
in 4D EGB gravity on the accreated matter and shock cones created in the downstream region in detail. The required time having the shock cone in downstream region is getting smaller for $$\alpha > 0$$

α
>
0

while it is increasing for $$\alpha < 0$$

α
<
0

. It is found that increases in $$\alpha $$
α
leads violent oscillations inside the shock cone and increases the accretion efficiency. The violent oscillations would cause increase in the energy flux, temperature, and spectrum of X-rays. So the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are naturally produced inside the shock cone when $$-5 \le \alpha \le 0.8$$

-
5
≤
α
≤
0.8

. It is also confirmed that EGB black hole solution converges to the Schwarzschild one in general relativity when $$\alpha \rightarrow 0$$

α
→
0

. Besides, the negative coupling constants also give reasonable physical solutions and increase of $$\alpha $$
α
in negative directions suppresses the possible oscillation observed in the shock cone.
Cocycle enhancements of psyquandle counting invariants
Authors: Ceniceros Jose , Nelson Sam
Published: February 2021

We bring cocycle enhancement theory to the case of psyquandles. Analogously to our previous work on virtual biquandle cocycle enhancements, we define enhancements of the psyquandle counting invariant via pairs of a biquandle 2-cocycle and a new function satisfying some conditions. As an application we define new single-variable and two-variable polynomial invariants of oriented pseudoknots and singular knots and links. We provide examples to show that the new invariants are proper enhancements of the counting invariant and are not determined by the Jablan polynomial.
Probing top changing neutral Higgs couplings at colliders
Authors: Hou Wei-Shu , Modak Tanmoy
Published: February 2021

The [Formula: see text] boson, discovered only in 2012, is lower than the top quark in mass, hence [Formula: see text] search commenced immediately thereafter, with current limits at the per mille level and improving. As the [Formula: see text] rate vanishes with the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] mixing angle [Formula: see text], we briefly review the collider probes of the top changing [Formula: see text] coupling [Formula: see text] of the exotic [Formula: see text]-even/odd Higgs bosons [Formula: see text]. Together with an extra top conserving [Formula: see text] coupling [Formula: see text], one has an enhanced [Formula: see text] coupling alongside the familiar [Formula: see text] coupling, where [Formula: see text] is the charged Higgs boson. The main processes we advocate are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (same-sign top and triple-top), and [Formula: see text]. We also discuss some related processes such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] that depend on [Formula: see text] being nonzero, comment briefly on [Formula: see text] resonant production and touch upon the [Formula: see text] coupling.
BiNb5.4O15: A new Li+-storage material with a tetragonal tungsten bronze crystal structure
Authors: Jin Xingxing , Luo Lijie , Chen Yongjun , Li Jianbao , Lin Chunfu
Published: February 2021

Niobates with tungsten bronze crystal structures are regarded as prospective Li[Formula: see text]-storage anode candidates due to the rich chemistry of niobium and structural openness. However, the exploration of this type of materials is still insufficient. Here, BiNb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] with a tetragonal tungsten bronze crystal structure (Cmmm space group) is explored. Abundant large-sized tunnels and a large interlayer spacing of [Formula: see text]3.97 Å are found in this open structure, enabling fast Li[Formula: see text] diffusivity (3.25 × 10[Formula: see text]/1.68 × 10[Formula: see text] cm2 ⋅ s[Formula: see text] during lithiation/delithiation). Additionally, this structure is very stable after the first lithiation process, resulting in excellent cyclability (95.4%/[Formula: see text]100% capacity retention after 100/1000 cycles at 1C/10C). BiNb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] further exhibits a safe Li[Formula: see text]-storage potential ([Formula: see text]1.55 V) and a large reversible capacity (309.7 mAh ⋅ g[Formula: see text]@ 0.1C). Therefore, BiNb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] can be a practical Li[Formula: see text]-stora ge anode compound for large-scale energy-storage applications.
Selective formation of cubic or tetragonal zirconia thin films of transparent, with no use of metal ion stabilizer by heating molecular precursor films under mild conditions
Authors: Shafudah Natangue Heita , Nagai Hiroki , Sato Mitsunobu
Published: February 2021

Cubic or tetragonal zirconia thin films of transparent and 100 nm thickness were selectively formed on a quartz glass substrate by heat-treating the molecular precursor films involving Zr(IV) complexes of nitrilotriacetic acid, at 500[Formula: see text]C in air for 1 h. A precursor solution was prepared by a reaction of the ligand and zirconium tetrabutoxide in alcohol under the presence of butylamine. By the addition of H2O2 or H2O into the solution, the spin-coated precursor films were converted to cubic zirconia thin films by the abovementioned procedure. Further, the identical phase was produced also in the case of the electro-sprayed precursor film which was formed by an addition of H2O2 into the solution. On the other hand, the tetragonal zirconia thin film was obtained from a precursor film formed by using a solution dissolving the original Zr(IV) complex of the ligand, without H2O2 nor H2O. The crystal structure of all thin films was determined by using both the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectra. Thus, the zirconia thin films of both crystals could be facilely and selectively obtained with no use of hetero-metal ion stabilizers. The XPS spectra of the thin films show that the O/Zr ratio of the cubic phase is 1.37 and slightly larger than tetragonal one (1.29), and also demonstrate that the nitrogen atoms, which may contribute to stabilize these metastable phases at room temperature, of about 5−7 atomic% was remained in the resultant thin films. The adhesion strengths of cubic zirconia thin film onto the quartz glass substrate was 68 MPa and larger than that of tetragonal one, when the precursor films were formed via a spin coating process. The optical and surface properties of the thin films were also examined in relation to the crystal systems.
Non-Conflicted Trader “Maker-Taker” Decisions and Execution Quality
Authors: Garvey Ryan , Huang Tao , Wu Fei
Published: February 2021

Under U.S. equity transaction-based pricing systems, prior research suggests retail brokers (i.e., conflicted traders) maximize their order flow payments at the expense of their client limit order execution quality. In our study, we examine order type decisions for those who execute their own orders (i.e., non-conflicted traders) and the relation between trading rebates-fees and execution quality. Similar to the conflicted, non-conflicted traders make routing decisions that generate rebates for both limit and marketable orders; but these strategies do not result in consistently lower execution quality dimensions. Our results suggest that higher order flow payments can coincide with higher execution quality.
History and Status of Prolonged Grief Disorder as a Psychiatric Diagnosis
Authors: Prigerson Holly G. , Kakarala Sophia , Gang James , Maciejewski Paul K.
Published: February 2021

Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a diagnostic entity now included in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) and soon to appear in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). A characteristic feature of PGD is distressing, disabling yearning that persists a year or more after the loss. Other characteristic symptoms include disbelief and lack of acceptance of the loss, emotional detachment from others since the loss, loneliness, identity disturbance, and sense of meaninglessness. In this review, we detail psychiatric views on grief and their evolution over the twentieth century. We then discuss the development of diagnostic formulations for disordered grief, which culminated in PGD's status as a mental disorder in the DSM. After summarizing recent evidence that may suggest that PGD is linked to the neural reward system, we suggest further areas of research. In particular, we note the need for studies that extend the evidence base concerning PGD across cultural and sociodemographic boundaries and that investigate novel treatments.
Study of Electrolyte and Electrode Composition Changes vs Time in Aged Li-Ion Cells
Authors: Thompson L. M. , Harlow J. E. , Eldesoky A. , Bauer M. K. G. , Cheng J. H. , Stone W. S. , Taskovic T. , McFarlane C. R. M. , Dahn J. R.
Published: February 2021

Many studies of Li-ion cells examine compositional changes to electrolyte and electrodes to determine desirable or undesirable reactions that affect cell performance. Cells involved in these studies typically have a limited test lifetime due to the resource intensive and time-consuming nature of these experiments. Here, electrolyte and electrode analyses were performed on a large matrix of cells tested at various conditions and with various cycle lifetimes. The matrix included LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532)/graphite and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)/graphite pouch cells with excellent performing electrolyte mixtures, both cycling and storage protocols at 40 °C and 55 °C with both 4.3 V and 4.4 V upper cutoff potentials. This study presents post-test analysis (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, differential voltage analysis, differential thermal analysis), electrolyte analysis (gas chromatography, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance), and electrode analysis (micro X-ray fluorescence) for these cells after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of testing. Many products and reactants, such as fraction of transesterification, gas production, transition metal dissolution appeared to have a constant rate of increase in this 12-month observation period. In most cases, results from cells after 3 to 6 months of testing could be used to reasonably estimate the status of the cells (electrolyte composition, gas production, transition metal dissolution) at 12 months.
Corrosion Behavior of Anodic Self-Ordered Porous Oxide Layers on Stainless Steel
Authors: Prado Lucia Helena , Anastasiou Evangelia , Virtanen Sannakaisa
Published: February 2021

In the present study we performed anodization of stainless steel AISI 316L varying the voltage, time and H2O concentration in the electrolyte obtaining self-ordered porous oxides. Open-circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed in 0.1 M H2SO4, 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M NaOH electrolytes. The metallic substrate underneath the grown oxide was also characterized. The results indicate that the corrosion behavior of the metallic substrate is not impaired by the anodization treatments. However, “crevice-induced intergranular corrosion” between the oxide and the metallic substrate was revealed after electrochemical measurements in the acidic electrolyte.
Reimagining physiology education with interactive content developed in H5P
Authors: Sinnayah P. , Salcedo A. , Rekhari S.
Published: February 2021

The amalgamation of educational technologies in higher education is widespread and has become essential for contemporary practice on a large scale. Foundational anatomy and physiology knowledge is integral to all courses in health education. To tackle the volume and complexity of the content taught at the foundation level, the incorporation of online tools embedded within curricula provides a unique opportunity to engage students through active learning strategies in a blended design (Means B, Toyama Y, Murphy R, Baki M. Teach Coll Rec 115: 1–47, 2013). This article reports on the use of H5P as a platform to foster self-paced and self-directed learning, critically outlining the developmental process involved in scaffolding activities to learning outcomes. The H5P activities were embedded within the online learning management system, which enabled tracking of student access to these resources. Students were asked to complete an online survey about their perspectives on the effectiveness of H5P activities. This work is part of a comprehensive study evaluating the blended design for delivery of first-year physiology subjects.
Morphants: A New Systematic Vertebrate Functional Genomics Approach
Authors: Ekker Stephen C.
Published: February 2021

The vertebrate genome contains a predicted 50 000 100 000 genes, many of unknown function. The recent development of morpholino-based gene knock-down technology in zebrafish has opened the door to the genome-wide assignment of function based on sequence in a model vertebrate. This review describes technical aspects of morpholino use for functional genomics applications, including the potential for multigene targeting and known methodological limitations. The result of successful gene inactivation by this agent is proposed to yield embryos with a ‘morphant’ phenotypic designation. The establishment of a morphant database opens the door to true functional genomics using the vertebrate, Danio rerio.
Comparison of Black Hole Sign, Satellite Sign, and Iodine Sign to Predict Hematoma Expansion in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Shakya Milind Ratna , Fu Fan , Zhang Miao , Shan Yi , Yu Fan , Sun Shengjun , Lu Jie
Published: February 2021

Purpose. To discretely and collectively compare black hole sign (BHS) and satellite sign (SS) with recently introduced gemstone spectral imaging‐based iodine sign (IS) for predicting hematoma expansion (HE) in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). Methods. This retrospective study includes 90 patients from 2017 to 2019 who underwent both spectral computed tomography angiography (CTA) as well as noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) within 6 hours of SICH onset along with subsequent follow‐up NCCT scanned within 24 hours. We named the presence of any of BHS or SS as any NCCT sign. Two independent reviewers analyzed all the HE predicting signs. Receiver‐operator characteristic curve analysis and logistic regression were performed to compare the predictive performance of HE. Results. A total of 61 patients had HE, out of which IS was seen in 78.7% (48/61) while BHS and SS were seen in 47.5% (29/61) and 41% (25/61), respectively. The area under the curve for BHS, SS, and IS was 63.4%, 67%, and 82.4%, respectively, while for any NCCT sign was 71.5%. There was no significant difference between IS and any NCCT sign (P = 0.108). Multivariate analysis showed IS (odds ratio 68.24; 95% CI 11.76‐396.00; P < 0.001) and any NCCT sign (odds ratio 19.49; 95% CI 3.99‐95.25; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of HE whereas BHS (odds ratio 0.34; 95% CI 0.01‐38.50; P = 0.534) and SS (odds ratio 4.54; 95% CI 0.54‐38.50; P = 0.165) had no significance. Conclusion. The predictive accuracy of any NCCT sign was better than that of sole BHS and SS. Both any NCCT sign and IS were independent predictors of HE. Although IS had higher predictive accuracy, any NCCT sign may still be regarded as a fair predictor of HE when CTA is not available.
Effects of Two Different Modes of Task Practice during Lower Limb Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in People with Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdullahi Auwal , Aliyu Naima Umar , Useh Ushotanefe , Abba Muhammad Aliyu , Akindele Mukadas Oyeniran , Truijen Steven , Saeys Wim
Published: February 2021

Background. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is used for the rehabilitation of motor function after stroke. Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of lower limb CIMT that uses number of repetition of tasks with the one that uses number of hours of practice. Method. The study was a randomized clinical trial approved by the Ethics Committee of Kano State Ministry of Health. Fifty-eight people with stroke participated in the study. Groups 1 and 2 performed daily 600 repetitions and 3 hours of task practice, respectively, 5 times weekly for 4 weeks. Motor impairment (primary outcome), balance, functional mobility, knee extensor spasticity, walking speed and endurance, and exertion before and after commencement of activities were assessed at baseline and postintervention. The data was analyzed using Friedmann and Mann-WhitneyUtests. Result. The results showed that there was only significant difference (p<0.05) in knee extensor spasticity (group 1 (median=00,mean rank=27.50); group 2 (median=00,mean rank=31.64)), exertion before commencement of activities (group 1 (median=00.5,mean rank=21.90); group 2 (median=10.5,mean rank=37.64)), and exertion after commencement of activities (group 1 (median=11,mean rank=20.07); group 2 (median=10,mean rank=39.61) postintervention in favour of the experimental group (group 1)). Conclusion. The group 1 protocol is more effective at improving outcomes after stroke.
Toxicological Evaluation and Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Rosmarinic Acid-Rich Extract from Ocimum basilicum L.
Authors: Touiss Ilham , Ouahhoud Sabir , Harnafi Mohamed , Khatib Saloua , Bekkouch Oussama , Amrani Souliman , Harnafi Hicham
Published: February 2021

Exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induces acute and chronic liver injuries as well as oxidative stress in rats. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vivo toxicity of rosmarinic acid-rich extract from Ocimum basilicum (RAE). The acute and subchronic oral toxicity of RAE was evaluated in Albinos mice. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. The hepatoprotective effect of RAE on aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, plasmatic glucose, urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde was determined in CCl4-intoxicated rat. The extract did not produce treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during acute as well as subchronic toxicity studies. The administration of CCl4 resulted in marked increase in plasma hepatic enzymes

p
<
0.001

and significant decrease of total protein

p
<
0.001

and albumin

p
<
0.001

when compared to normal. The RAE at 200 mg/kg body weight lowered significantly

p
<
0.001

plasma enzyme activities of liver, which is designation of hepatoprotective action of extract. The phenolic extract exerts a significant increase in total protein

p
<
0.001

, and albumin

p
<
0.001

, accompanied with a marked reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde

p
<
0.001

, as compared to CCl4-treated group. Our study suggests that RAE may be used as a hepatoprotective agent against toxic effects caused by CCl4 and other chemical agents in the liver.