bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 utilizes various host splicing factors for replication and splicing regulation
Authors: Yang Li , Zeng Xiao-Tao , Ren Si-Xue , Liang Lin-Lin , Huang Qiu-Xia , Fan Hong , Ren Hai-Yan , Cheng Wei
Published: April 2023

Background
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a crucial element in the replication and transcription of RNA viruses. Although the RdRps of lethal human coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MARS-CoV have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanism of the catalytic subunit NSP12, which is involved in pathogenesis, remains unclear.
Results
In this study, the biochemical and cell biological results demonstrate the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 and seven host proteins, including three splicing factors (SLU7, PPIL3, and AKAP8), suggesting that the polymerase activity and stability of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp were affected by them to varying degrees. Furthermore, the entry efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus considerably decreased when SLU7 or PPIL3 was knocked out, indicating that abnormal splicing of the host genome was responsible for this occurrence. In addition, NSP12 and its homologues from SARS-CoV and MARS-CoV suppressed thealternative splicing (AS) of cellular genes, which were influenced by the three splicing factors.
Conclusions
Overall, our research illustrates that SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 can engage with various splicing factors, thereby impacting virus entry, replication, and gene splicing. This not only improves our understanding of how viruses cause diseases but also lays the foundation for the development of antiviral therapies.
A New 2D Chaotic System and Application in Hash Function by Cipher Block Chaining
Authors: Behroo Y. , Giglou H. Babaei , Parvaz R.
Published: April 2023

In the proposed method, one-way hash function construction based on chaotic map with changeable parameters and cellular automata is introduced. The main structure of the proposed algorithm based on a new 2D chaotic system, cipher block chaining(CBC) and using of the cellular automata. In the first step, the input original messages are expressed as a matrix form which, the elements of this matrix have structure as $8$ bits sized. The chaotic system and cellular automata have been used in the encryption section of the algorithm. Also, in the proposed steps, the cipher block chaining(CBC) has been introduced and used to obtain the final hash values. In the simulation section by using some statistical tests, the advantages of the proposed algorithm are studied.
Social cognition, socioeconomic status and subjective well-being of Chinese migrant workers
Authors: Huang Weichao , Su Shipeng , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhang Yashan
Published: April 2023

In the framework of the new economic norm, industrial restructuring and social development have made it more difficult for migrant workers to experience subjective well-being. The subjective well-being of migrant workers is based on the unity of internal and external needs, material and immaterial needs. Thus, based on data from the 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS), this paper applies ordered logit models and OLS models to investigate the impact of social cognition and socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of migrant workers and their intergenerational differences. The results indicate that: (1) Social cognition has a significant impact, and the impact of fairness perception is more pronounced than depression perception and class change perception; (2) among socioeconomic status, personal income did not have a significant effect as education level, car ownership and house property ownership; (3) there are intergenerational differences. The emotional state of the older generation is the most critical factor influencing their subjective well-being. In contrast, the new generation is more concerned with their feelings about future expectations. The older generation is more concerned with their house property ownership, while the increase in income, education and car ownership can significantly increase the subjective well-being of the new generation. For this reason, we believe that the Chinese government should gradually change the existing urban and rural management system to create a fair and just social environment; make migrant workers receive the same protection as urban residents and improve the income distribution mechanism; pay attention to the social security of the older generation of migrant workers and the development opportunities of the new generation of migrant workers and their ability to integrate into the city to improve their subjective well-being.
AI Modeling for High-Fidelity Heat Transfer and Thermal Distortion Forecast in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ball Amit Kumar , Basak Amrita
Published: April 2023

In this study, a novel AI-based modeling approach is introduced to estimate high-fidelity heat transfer calculations and predict thermal distortion in metal additive manufacturing, specifically for the multi laser powder bed fusion (ML-PBF) process. The effects of start position and printing orientation on deformation and stress distribution in parts produced using ML-PBF additive manufacturing process were investigated. A total of 512 simulations were executed, and the maximum and minimum deformation values were recorded and compared. A significant improvement e.g., 53% in deformation was observed between the best and worst printing cases. A low-fidelity modeling framework, based on a feedforward neural network was developed for the rapid prediction of thermal displacement with high accuracy. The model with unknown test cases demonstrated a strong positive correlation (R = 0.88) between high-fidelity and network-predicted low-fidelity outputs. The simplicity, computational efficiency, and ease of use of the developed model make it a valuable tool for preliminary evaluation and optimization in the early stages of the design process. By adjusting controlling factors and identifying trends in thermal history, the model can be scaled to a high-fidelity model for increased accuracy, significantly reducing development time and cost. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for designers and engineers working in the field of additive manufacturing, offering a better understanding of deformation/thermal displacement control and optimization in the PBF process using multiple lasers.
Study on mechanical, thermal and morphology behavior of sisal / Bentonite nanoclay reinforced cardanol biopolymer composites
Authors: Paul N. E. Edwin
Published: April 2023

Cardanol and its derivatives are presently thought to be particularly appealing intermediates for generating novel materials from renewable bio-sources for utilize in environmentally pleasant procedures. In order to create novel polymer composites, this study details the synthesis and characterisation of a bio resin named cardanol that is produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CSNL). Locally harvested sisal fibers were dried out in an oven to reduce humidity. These fibers were then cut into 15 mm lengths and chemically treated sisal fibers using an alkaline process. Compression moulding was used to make polymer composites of cardanol reinforced with 15% wt% 15 mm sisal fiber (SF) and bentonite nanoclay (with nanoclay% levels of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). FT-IR spectroscopies were used to characterise the bio resin cardanol. Mechanical behaviour for cardanol nano composites was assessed using tensile, flexural, and impact tests and water absorption test. Furthermore, the thermal and morphology behaviour of cardanol nanoclay composites is examined. The results confirmed that increasing the range of nanoclay by up to 5% enhanced mechanical characteristics.
WITHDRAWN: Vancomycin-cement reactions cause Red Man Syndrome and other life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions; the challenge of managing periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Msh  , MM  , HR
Published: April 2023

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are commonly treated with antibiotic-impregnated bone cement (AIBC). We described a 62-year-old female, who showed After 18 hours of surgery, symptoms of Red Man Syndrome (RMS) and other hypersensitivities were caused by a spacer containing vancomycin. Vancomycin can cause a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, including RMS and anaphylaxis. It can be challenging for physicians to manage emergency RMS features and life-threatening reactions such as anaphylaxis shock after using vancomycin-loaded bone cement following PJI. The patient received immediate emergency healthcare, intravenous fluid therapy, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and antihistamines in response to serious side effects, including flushing, erythema, agitation, urticaria, tachycardia, pruritus on the trunk and buttocks, severe itching, hypovolemia, macular rashes, and exfoliative dermatitis. Delayed surgery to remove antibiotic-loaded bone cement has been suggested as a successful treatment for periprosthetic joint infections (PJI).
Most Accurate Multiclass Linear Classifiers Producing Disconnected Decision Regions
Authors: Chaiyakan Songkomkrit , Vichitthamaros Preecha
Published: April 2023

The work concerns linear multiclass classification where training data can be arbitrary in shape and a decision region is allowed to be disconnected. The main objective is to achieve highest training accuracy, resulting in originally proposed and alternative polygonal classifiers through the detection of an individual misclassified instance and the investigation of majority voting in a decision region respectively. When separating hyperplanes are restricted to cut only one axis, two similar versions of box classifiers which give rectangular decision regions are proposed. Algorithms for finding minimal hyperplanes and cuts while maintaining the same training accuracy are also provided. All four classifiers are developed through 0-1 mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Alternative versions are recommended when training data is very large in number.
Detection of Furcraea Necrotic Streak Virus (FNSV) in fique seed (Furcraea macrophylla Baker) to prevent the spread of the macana disease
Authors: Gamero Maira , Ortíz Daniel , Barrera Gloria
Published: April 2023

The fique crop has great potential for the development of the natural fiber market as a beneficial alternative for the protection of the environment. In Colombia, one of the main limitations of fiber production in fique plants is the viral disease Macana caused by Furcraea Necrotic Streak Virus (FNSV). This work aimed to validate the detection of FNSV in asexual planting material from one of the main producing areas and thus contribute to preventing the spread of the disease in the country. The analysis of plants from different geographic altitudes in Cauca, Colombia, showed a positive correlation with the prevalence of Macana disease (being more significant at higher altitudes) but not with the severity of the symptoms. The detection of FNSV on seeds by dot blot immunobinding assay (DBIA) using a polyclonal antibody IgY showed sensitivity (79 %) and specificity (80 %) when sprouts were analyzed, at the same time, for bulbils, the sensitivity was higher (100 %). Moreover, when sprouts were analyzed by the RT-PCR based on FNSV movement protein and polymerase-associated proteins, the sensitivity and specificity were 94 % and 50 %, respectively, in contrast, in the case of bulbils, the specificity was higher (100 %). Additionally, the results showed no uniformity in the distribution of the viral particles on vegetal tissue of infected plants, which is necessary to use the largest amount of tissue possible to perform the detection. As part of the optimization of the techniques, it was shown that plant tissue samples could be collected, transported, and stored on filter paper, allowing the detection of the virus 60 days after collection.
WITHDRAWN: Synthesis of 1-Halophenyl-pyrazolophthalazine Derivatives and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Abd El-Wahab Ashraf Hassan Fekry
Published: April 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal Current Organic Synthesis.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:
It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultane-ously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit-ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Simultaneous Determination of 16-Hydroxystrychnine and Demethylbrucine
by LC-MS/MS in Rat Urine and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic
Study
Authors: Yan Rui , Xia Bin , Zhang Shan
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

This paper aimed to establish a method to help investigate the combination mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine from the metabolic perspective.

Background:

Semen Strychni has been a frequently used herb in clinics for a long time. In traditional
Chinese medical science, Semen Strychni always combinate with other herbs to modulate its nature
of severe toxicity. However, the mechanism of the combination is still unclear. Previous research
mostly focused on the components of the herbs. The metabolic processes of the main components
of the Semen Strychni are also very important and have rarely been reported.

Objective:

This study tended to develop a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of two major
metabolites of Semen Strychni in rat urine.

Methods:

Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column. Detection was performed
by a selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating
in the positive ionization mode. Analysis of analytes from rat plasma was carried out by protein
precipitation using acetonitrile.

Results:

The assay was validated in terms of specificity, precision, recovery, etc. The intra- and
inter-day precision values were less than 13.1%. The recoveries at three levels were more than
69.1%. The method was then used to study the kinetic profiles of the metabolites of Semen Strychni
in rat urine for the first time.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate that the established LC/MS method in this study is accurate
and sensitive for the simultaneous determination of the two metabolites of Semen Strychni in rats'
urine samples. This method could be a supplement to the plasma pharmacokinetics of Semen
Strychni.
Optimization of Holding Force for a Climbing Robot Based on a Differential
Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Masike Rujeko , Kaur Karamjit , Arora Rajesh , Shridhara Somalapura Nagappa
Published: April 2023

Background:

The advancements in robotic technology have completely revolutionized
day-to-day life. In industrial applications, the implementation of robotics is quite advantageous as
it may help in performing dangerous tasks like climbing high walls, working in a high-temperature
environment, high radiation exposure conditions etc.

Methods:

This paper presents the design and development of a wall-climbing robot for dam wall
inspection using an adaptive aerodynamic adhesion technique. The optimization of a robot design
is done using a differential evolutionary algorithm.

Results:

In the proposed model, the principle of Bernoulli adhesion is used for designing the suction
pad. The optimization of various variables is done using a differential evolutionary algorithm
to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the wall climbing robot adhesion.

Conclusion:

The results of the proposed system show that the approach can find an optimal holding
force and can be effectively used for applications like dam wall climbing for inspection.
On Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured Parts: Porosity and its Measurement
Authors: Morano Chiara , Pagnotta Leonardo
Published: April 2023

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is one of the earliest, most versatile, and popular AM processes,
being well-suited for a great variety of materials. As in many other manufacturing processes,
porosity is a phenomenon inevitably present in parts made by PBF. The quantity, shape,
and distribution of pores, and the propensity to their formation depend strongly upon the type of
process and on the processing conditions used to produce the part. It is well known that porosity
influences in a dramatic way the quality and reliability of the manufactured materials and, therefore,
it deserves special attention.

:

In this paper, porosity and the more appropriate experimental techniques for detecting and measuring
porosity are reviewed. Moreover, a comparison among the results obtained by applying different
methodologies to measure the porosity of parts produced by Powder Bed Fusion is reported.
The final purpose of the work is to provide the reader with the tools for the correct choice of
the most suitable method for measuring the porosity of additively manufactured pieces.
UZAKTAN EĞİTİMDE SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN FEN BİLİMLERİ DERSİNDE ÜST DÜZEY KAZANIMLARI GERÇEKLEŞTİRMEDE KULLANDIKLARI YÖNTEMLER
Authors: Türksoy Enver , Altıntaş Gülşen
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı uzaktan eğitim sürecinde ilkokul dördüncü sınıf fen bilgisi dersi kazanımlarını öğretmenlerin kazandırmada kullandıkları yöntemleri belirlemek ve bu yöntemlerin kazanımlar açısından uyguluğunu tespit etmektir. Araştırma yöntemi olarak temel nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma katılımcıları amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden ölçüt örneklem yöntemi kullanarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya daha önce yüz yüze 4. Sınıf fen bilgisi dersi öğretimi yapmış ve şu an uzaktan eğitim yoluyla fen bilgisi öğretimine devam eden 32 sınıf öğretmenidir. Araştırma verileri 2018 yılı fen bilgisi öğretim programında yer alan kazalımlar temel alınarak hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile çevrim içi toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri analizinde içerik analizi yöntem olarak benimsenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda öğretmenlerin üst düzey bilişsel becerileri kazandırmada soru cevap yöntemine çoğunlukla başvurduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin büyük bir kısmı yaşanan sıkıntılar nedeniyle gene ifadeler kullanış yüz yüze eğitim sürecini açıklamıştır. Özellikle motor beceri gerektiren deney uygulamalarında öğretmenlerin büyük bir kısmı uygulama yapmadığını ya da daha önce yapılmış örneklere başvurdukları görüşülmüştür.
INVESTIGATION OF TEACHING STYLES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR TEACHING THINKING SKILLS ACCORDING TO SOME VARIABLES
Authors: Aydın Rafet , Sezgin Kanık Ümmü , İşlek Meray , Peker Ramazan
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research is to examine the teaching styles of primary school teachers for teaching thinking skills according to some variables. General survey model was used in the research. The population of the research consisted of primary school teachers working in primary schools affiliated to the İzmir Provincial Directorate of National Education. The sample of the study consisted of 307 primary school teachers who voluntarily participated in the study in which the scale was applied. The data of the research were collected with the "Personal Information Form" and the "Teaching Styles Scale for Teaching Thinking Skills".
The statistical analyzes required for the data collected in the research were made with computer package programs. Based on the findings, it was determined that the primary school teachers had a high level of all teaching styles, and they adopted authoritative teaching style the least and facilitator teaching style the most in teaching thinking skills. It was found that there was no significant difference according to the gender of the teachers. According to the graduation status of the primary school teachers, it was concluded that those who have an associate degree have a higher "Representative Teaching Style" than those who have a undergraduate degree. There was no significant difference according to the professional seniority and marital status of the primary school teachers.
Caracterización de un bosque templado en un gradiente altitudinal en Oaxaca, México
Authors: Velasco Luis Mario Ubaldo , Velázquez Martínez Alejandro , Hernández de la Rosa Patricia , Fierros González Aurelio Manuel , Vera Castillo José Amando Gil
Published: April 2023

La caracterización de la vegetación sirve para generar directrices de manejo y conservación, sin embargo, pocos estudios en bosques templados integran a la vegetación del sotobosque. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la estructura, composición y diversidad florística arbórea, arbustiva y herbácea del bosque de pino-encino en un gradiente altitudinal en la comunidad de Miguel Hidalgo, San Antonio Huitepec, Oaxaca. Se tomaron variables dasométricas en 45 sitios distribuidos en tres intervalos altitudinales. Se estimaron la diversidad alfa y la beta, así como el índice de valor de importancia, y se compararonentre intervalos. Se identificaron 27 especies arbóreas, 25 arbustivas y 73 herbáceas. Se determinó una diversidad media, para arbóreas y herbáceas, y baja para arbustivas. La diversidad de las tres formas de vida no presentó un patrón de distribución definido; sin embargo, el intervalo altitudinal superior presentó el mayor valor promedio de área basal, altura y cobertura individual. Pinus oocarpa Schiede., Gaultheria erecta Vent. y Pteridium aquilinum var. feei (W. Schaffn. ex Fée) Maxon presentaron el valor más alto del índice de valor de importancia en el intervalo altitudinal inferior e intermedio y Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. y Salvia cinnabarina M. Martens & Galeotti en el intervalo altitudinal superior. El intervalo altitudinal superior presentó mejor estado de conservación influenciado por una menor perturbación antropogénica. Considerar al sotobosque en estudios de caracterización mejora la comprensión de la dinámica de crecimiento y desarrollo de la vegetación forestal.
Investigation of the value and mechanism of atmospheric plasmoid charge formation
Authors: S. I. Stepanov
Published: April 2023

The study of a long-lived atmospheric plasmoid has been continued. (Gatchina plasmoid). The electric charge of the plasmoid was detected earlier by us using a plasma probe. Here the measuring equipment was improved, which allowed to take into account the influence of bias current. The measured charge of the negative plasmoid was about -35 nC. The cause of the electric charge is investigated. It consists in the inhomogeneity of the plasma and, as a consequence, a special configuration of the electric field during discharge. In the column of emission plasma above the central electrode, the field is directed into the plasmoid (for positive central electrode). In streamers coming out of the plasmoid and in space above the plasmoid, the field is directed outward. To find out the reason for the appearance of the charge, the Gauss theorem is applied. The column of emission plasma gives a small contribution to the integral. The integral will be determined by the second section having a different sign. Thus, the plasmoid has a charge during discharge. After the current is turned off, the charge is retained due to the rapid cooling of the plasma. It is noted that when obtaining other long-lived plasmoids, there is a similar configuration of the field during discharge. A similar discharge structure occurs when a linear lightning strikes the electric network and a ball lightning appears from an electrical outlet, a speaker, etc. This work introduces a new object of plasma physics a charged atmospheric plasmoid. Keywords: atmospheric plasmoid, high-voltage discharge, plasma probe, ball lightning, electric charge.
Non-homogeneous plastic deformation of amorphous metallic alloys under the action of a quasi-static mechanical load
Authors: Slyadnikov E.E  , Turchanovsky I.Yu.
Published: April 2023

A hypothesis is formulated and substantiated that quasi-static deformation in an amorphous metal alloy is a complex relaxation multi-stage process, which is a hierarchical sequence of interrelated structural transitions of the first order ordered in time. These nonequilibrium processes sequentially proceed at different scale space-time levels, starting from the lowest level --- a cluster of atoms of the first coordination sphere with a relaxation time taueta, then the middle level - a nanocluster of atoms of the fifth coordination sphere with a relaxation time tauφ, spatial scale of 10 nm and relaxation time tau, and tau>>tauφ>>taueta. They are accompanied by transformations of various types of potential energy of atoms (elastic, inelastic, plastic deformation, ZST) into each other. A mechanism and a model of a nonequilibrium transition from an elastic mechanical state to a state with shear transformation zones, a mechanism and a model of localized plastic deformation in an amorphous metal alloy are constructed. In the interval of non-uniqueness, in response to a locally introduced perturbation, a traveling autowave arises, which transfers the slip band from the inelastic deformation regime to the plastic deformation regime. Model parameters are estimated and important physical properties of plastic deformation are calculated. Keywords: Amorphous metal alloys, mechanical load, plastic deformation, nonequilibrium structural transition, synergetic model, kinetic equations, autowave.
Low-temperature radiation-induced conductivity of polystyrene under the action of low-energy electrons
Authors: Mullakhmetov I. R.  , Saenko V. S.  , Tyutnev A. P.  , Pozhidaev E. D.
Published: April 2023

A technique has been developed and, for the first time, sufficiently complete data on the radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) of polystyrene (PS) at a temperature of 79 K, close to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K). RIC has been studied under pulsed and continuous exposure to electrons with an energy of 50 keV. It is shown that the RIC of PS at a temperature of 79 K, as well as at room temperature, determined by the sum of two components: prompt and delayed. Both components at 79 K are much smaller than at 298 K. The total signal falls off by a factor of 40, while the delayed component falls off by a factor of almost 200, and the prompt component dominant in the RIC signal. The possibility of the occurrence of electrostatic discharges (ESD) in PS with decreasing temperature was studied. It has been shown that PS, which is capable of resisting the occurrence of ESD at room temperature, at 79 K passes into the category of materials in which ESD is possible. Keywords: electron radiation, radiation-induced conductivity, polystyrene, low temperatures, electrification.
Stratification of the Fe/Si(001)2x1 interface by heat treatment of the wetting layer
Authors: Plusnin N.I.
Published: April 2023

The study was carried out by LEED, AES, EELS and AFM methods. Films of Fe/Si(001)2x1 were obtained at substrate temperatures of 30oC and source temperatures of 1250oC. Wetting layer (WL) Fe on Si(001)2x1 was formed by two-stage annealing at temperatures and thicknesses of 500oC and 250oC and 1 monolayer (ML) and 3 ML, respectively. Analysis and interpretation of the data obtained, taking into account possible reaction patterns, showed that after annealing at 1 ML thickness, the Fe composition corresponded to 2 ML Si/Fe. Further, at 2 ML, it changed to Fe/Si/Fe, at 3 ML, it changed to Fe-FeSi, and after annealing, to FeSi. At 4 ML, there was formation of FeSi/FeSi2 film. And, further, at 7 ML and 10 ML, the composition of the films became Fe3Si/FeSi2 and, respectively, Fe/Fe3Si/FeSi2. At the same time, the upper Fe3Si layers were coated with 0.6 ML and the Fe layers with 0.3 ML of segregated Si atoms, which number increased, after annealing at 250oC, to 0.6 ML in the latter case. In the obtained Fe film, the size and average grain height were 10-20 nm and, respectively, ~0.4 nm. Keywords: interface, wetting layer, multilayer film, layer composition, surface reaction patterns, Fe, Si(001)2x1.
Integral estimating an impact peril by sequence of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses on human organism
Authors: Usychenko V. G.  , Sorokin L. N.
Published: April 2023

Impact peril for warm-blooded organisms produced via sequence by ultra-wideband electromagnetic sub-nanosecond pulses, used in various scientific and technological applications, is assessed by radiophysics and classic mechanics calculated methods. Threshold values of the sequence parameters whose excess for a long time can become perilous for human have been determined. Keywords: ultrashort electromagnetic pulse (USEMP), electromagnetic impact, warm-blooded organism, free and bound charges.
Investigation of power IR (850 nm) light-emitting diodes manufacturing by lift-off technique of AlGaAs-GaAs- heterostructure to carrier-substrate
Authors: A. V. Malevskaya  , N. A. Kalyuzhnyy  , F. Y. Soldatenkov  , R.V. Levin  , R.A. Salii  , D. A. Malevskii  , P.V. Pokrovskii  , V.R. Larionov  , V. M. Andreev
Published: April 2023

Development of lift-off technique of AlGaAs/GaAs- heterostructures, grown by the Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy, to GaAs carrier-substrate using silver-containing paste or Au-In compound has been carried out. Forming process of frontal ohmic contact to GaAs n-type conductivity based on contact systems Au(Ge)/Ni/Au and Pd/Ge/Au with specific contact resistance (2-5)·10-6 Ω·cm2 has been investigated. Analyzed was the influence of heterostructure lift-off technique and forming process of frontal ohmic contact on the IR light-emitting diodes parameters: minimum light-emitting diodes (1 mm2 square) series resistance was 0.16 Ω. Optical power 270 mW at current 1.5 A has been achieved. Keywords: AlGaAs/GaAs- heterostructure, light-emitting diode, transfer to carrier-substrate, Au--In- compound, ohmic contacts.
Experimental study of the drift motion of SF-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=- molecules under the action of CO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--laser radiation
Authors: A.A. Voskoboev  , V.A. Kuz’menko  , V.S. Mezhevov  , A.R. Sautin
Published: April 2023

Experiments were continued to study the physical nature of the drift motion of SF6 molecules under the action of radiation from a repetitively pulsed CO2-laser. To explain the physical nature of the effect, such phenomena as a change in the transport cross-section during laser excitation of molecules, the phenomenon of optical tweezers, thermal diffusion are considered. However, the most reasonable physical explanation of the nature of this effect is the fractionation of a gas mixture as a result of gas dynamic diffusion at the front of a cyclically expanding gas (a variant of barodiffusion). Keywords: fractionation of gas mixture, thermal diffusion, optical tweezers, barodiffusion.
Improving the physical and mechanical characteristics of unalloyed titanium VT1-0 and studying the effect of selective laser melting parameters
Authors: Gryaznov M. Yu.  , Shotin S. V.  , Chuvildeev V. N.  , Sysoev A. N.  , Melekhin N. V.  , Piskunov A. V.  , Sakharov N. V.  , Semenycheva A. V.  , Murashov A. A.
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive studies of the physical and mechanical properties and structure of VT1-0 titanium samples processed by selective laser melting have been carried out. High strength characteristics (the ultimate tensile strength of 820 MPa, the yield strength of 710 MPa) have been achieved. These exceed by 2 times the values for this material produced using conventional technology. The formation of the martensitic α'-phase, obtained due to the high crystallization rates realized in selective laser melting process, is the reason for the increase in the mechanical characteristics of titanium VT1-0. Mechanical characteristics of titanium VT1-0 subjected to high-temperature annealing demonstrated a monotonous decrease in strength parameters by 15% and an increase in plastic characteristics by 30%. It is shown that the technology of selective laser melting makes it possible to solve the problem of improving the strength characteristics of unalloyed titanium to create a new class of medical devices. Keywords: unalloyed titanium, VT1-0, additive technology, selective laser melting, density, strength, plasticity, elastic modulus, microstructure, implants for surgery.
Limiting thickness of pore walls formed in processes of anode etching of heavily doped semiconductors
Authors: Zegrya G. G.  , Ulin V. P.  , Zegrya A. G.  , Freiman V. M.  , Ulin N. V.  , Fadeev D. V.  , Savenkov G. G.
Published: April 2023

With a decrease in the thickness of the walls separating the space of pores in porous semiconductors, the potential energy of interaction between an electron and a donor (or a hole and an acceptor) can become greater than the kinetic energy of a free charge carrier. As a consequence, such interlayers lose their conductivity and transit into the dielectric state (Mott phase transition). With regard to the conditions of electrochemical pore formation, this means that as the pore channels approach each other during anodic etching to a distance at which the current flow through the wall that separates them stops, the potential of its surface ceases to be determined by the external electric bias and the electrochemical process, that leads to a further decrease in the thickness of such a wall, stops. Expressions are obtained for the limiting thickness of the walls of pores formed in degenerate semiconductors of n- and p-type conductivity. In contrast to the well-known model that relates the loss of conductivity by pore walls to the combination of space charge layers, the proposed model allows a consistent explanation for the experimental data for both n- and p-type silicon with doping levels above 1018 cm-3. Keywords: thickness limitation, pore formation, silicon, donor, acceptor.
Anomalous response of a stratified medium to volume heat release
Authors: L. Kh. Ingel
Published: April 2023

A linear stationary problem of the response of a semi-bounded stably stratified fluid/gaseous medium to volumetric spatially inhomogeneous heat release in the Boussinesq approximation is theoretically investigated. The most important similarity parameters are the analogue of the Rayleigh number and the aspect ratio of the source of buoyancy. For a perturbation in the form of a single horizontal harmonic, an analytical solution has been found that makes it possible to analyze a number of significant regularities. The nontrivial possibility of an intense hydrothermodynamic response to a weak heat release at a certain ratio of the mentioned parameters is found. Keywords: stratified medium, volume heat release, convection, density flows, analytical solution, intense response, instability.
Spectral emissivity of transition metals of the X group in the melting point region
Authors: Kosenkov D. V.  , Sagadeev V. V.
Published: April 2023

An experimental study of the normal spectral emissivity of technical nickel, palladium and platinum in the solid polished and liquid phases near the melting points was carried out by the radiation method. The emission measurement was recorded by the bandwidth of the applied narrowband filters. The dependence of metal emission on the wavelength in the range of the radiation spectrum 0.26-10.6 μm is obtained. A comparative analysis with the literature data of other authors is carried out. A theoretical calculation of the emission is given according to the classical electromagnetic theory Hagen's formula and Rubens. Keywords: normal spectral emissivity, melting range, nickel, palladium, platinum, wavelength.
El Proyecto Urbano como Construcción de Futuros desde la Participación Ciudadana con Enfoque Prospectivo
Authors: Bellota Noguera Bruno
Published: April 2023

Un estudio prospectivo desde la participación ciudadana, enfocado en la vida barrial de las colonias de las megaciudades, donde se desarrollan estrategias de intervención en el espacio público para deconstruirlo, donde se plantea como un sistema dinámico y reformulado como equipamiento, ya que es el termómetro de la vida barrial, dentro del marco de proyecto urbano, como respuesta al efecto negativo que producen la construcción de megadensificaciones en habitabilidad urbana de la colonia. El tsunami inmobiliario, aprovechando los espacios urbanos dejados por la actividad industrial, detonó el reciclamiento de estos, abusando del suelo para generar megaproyectos de vivienda.
An Emerging Screening Method for Interrogating Human Brain Function: Tutorial
Authors: Sudre Gustavo , Bagić Anto I , Becker James T , Ford John P
Published: April 2023

Cognitive decline can be observed due to a myriad of causes. Clinicians would benefit from a noninvasive quantitative tool to screen and monitor brain function based on direct measures of neural features. In this study, we used neuroimaging data from magnetoencephalography (with a whole-head Elekta Neuromag 306 sensor system) to derive a set of features that strongly correlate with brain function. We propose that simple signal characteristics related to peak variability, timing, and abundance can be used by clinicians as a screening tool to investigate cognitive function in at-risk individuals. Using a minimalistic set of features, we were able to perfectly distinguish between participants with normative and nonnormative brain function, and we were also able to successfully predict participants’ Mini-Mental Test score (r=0.99; P<.001; mean absolute error=0.413). This set of features can be easily visualized in an analog fashion, providing clinicians with several graded measurements (in comparison to a single binary diagnostic tool) that can be used for screening and monitoring cognitive decline.
Fixing Flexner: Disrupting and Rebuilding Academic Medicine for Women of Color to Lead
Authors: Dorsey Chelsea , Arora Vineet M , Carter Keme
Published: April 2023

In an effort to address the lack of compositional diversity seen in academic leadership, our generation has an opportunity to rebuild academic medicine in a way that welcomes, values, and supports the development and success of women of color.
Yield and yield components of superior cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) clones rejuvenated by ring budding technique
Authors: Wahyudi Resti Utari , Susila Putra Eka Tarwaca , Indradewa Didik
Published: April 2023

The ring budding technique gave a higher suitability for rejuvenation of cocoa plants compared to side cleft grafting it can be combined with the use of superior clones for optimal production. However, information related to this is still limited. The research aimed to determine the effects of ring budding technique on yield components and yields of three types of superior cocoa clones. The experiment was arranged in a Nested Design. The first factor is the type of vegetative propagation technique, consisting of side cleft grafting and ring budding. The second factor was clones, which consisted of clones KKM 22, RCC 70 and RCC 71. Clones were nested in vegetative propagation. The research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 at the Pagilaran Company. Observations were made on several yield component variables. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 5%. The results showed that the number of pods and the weight of beans per cocoa stand were significantly higher in the ring budding technique than the side cleft grafting. This condition caused the dry bean weight per hectare much higher as well. The three cacao clones, which were rejuvenated by ring budding, gave a good response and high yields. Meanwhile, only KKM 2 gave good response and high yield after treated with side cleft grafting technique, while  RCC 70 and RCC 71 clones gave low yields. The KKM 22 clone is the best option in terms of rehabilitation with ring budding and side cleft grafting.
Verification of Determined Soil Test Based Phosphorous Critical and Requirement Factor for Bread Wheat in Shashemene District
Authors: Chala Abay , Kitila Kasahun , Workina Mekonnen
Published: April 2023

Verification of P-critical value, P-requirement factor and optimum level of nitrogen fertilizer for bread wheat were conducted in Shashemene district during 2021 growing season. The verification activity was under taken at 10 farmer’s fields. It had three treatments that include calibrated phosphorus (critical concentration) with recommended optimum N fertilizer for the area, existing NP fertilizer recommendation (blanket recommendation) and one control plot without NP application. The treatments were applied 10m by 10m plot area that was replicated over the farmers. The yield was harvested and means comparison of grain yield was computed at (? < 0.05). The grain yield response were highly significantly different (P<0.05). Plots treated with soil test based fertilizer recommendation gave the highest grain yield (4312kg/ha) followed by the blanket recommendation that gave 3175kg/ha. The minimum grain yield was obtained from the negative control (1600kg/ha). In addition, maximum total biomass (10500kg/ha) and harvest index (41%) were also obtained from the plots treated with soil test based fertilizer recommendations. The partial budget analysis also indicated that the maximum net benefit of (103370.00ETB) and highest MRR (143%) were obtained from application of soil test based recommendation. Therefore, soil test based fertilizer application was recommended and selected for further pre scaling up of demonstration activities.
Behavior of Composite Piles Reinforced by Geosynthetics
Authors: El-Kasaby El-Sayed A. , Roshdy Mohab , Awwad Mahmoud , I. Badawi Mona
Published: April 2023

This study presents the results of five reinforced concrete (RC) pile specimens that were created and horizontally loaded. The RC piles were reinforced by composite materials such as geogrid, geogrid with a core of steel rod, and geogrid with a core of glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) or carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) rod. This research is expected to investigate the behavior of using composite materials in pile reinforcement and check their efficiency in carrying horizontal loads. The horizontal pile loading test was applied to four pile specimens and a reference pile specimen reinforced by steel rods. All specimens have the same dimensions (150 mm in diameter and 1050 mm in height). A comparison has been carried out between the experimental results for all specimens and the reference specimen. The experimental results illustrated that the specimens carried a lower ultimate horizontal load by 44%–87% compared to the reference specimen. Also, a non-linear finite element analysis has been verified by Abaqus software and achieved a great degree of reconciliation compared to the experimental results. Finally, a comparison of the reinforcement costs for the specimens revealed that utilizing these composite piles could reduce the cost up to 15.2%.
Study of economically important traits to give an insight into the character association and their contribution in yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes
Authors: Ghias Maria , Rauf Salsabeel , Hassan Ejaz ul
Published: April 2023

Sugar beet is a crop of huge national economic importance. The beetroot plant shows great sensitivity to the abiotic factors especially to fertility of the soil. The lack of nutrients in the soil where this plant is grown weakens its normal development and significantly reduces its yield. Therefore, the present research work was planned to assess the impact of planting schemes and mineral fertilizer norms on the quality production of sugar beet. Research works were carried out in 2021-2022 with Caucasian variety of sugar beet on irrigated gray-brown soils. The field experiments were laid out under different plnating schemes and fertilizer application rates. In case of 50x20 cm planting scheme without fertilizer (control); dry matter 21.4%, sugar 15.6%, protein 5.38%, fat 0.61%, cellulose 5.69%, ash 4, 46% and nitrate nitrogen 147.5 mg/kg in wet mass, respectively were recorded in background (P120K90) variant; 15.9%; 5.85%; 0.65%; 5.77%; 4.53% and 163.8 mg/kg.The quality indicators of sugar beet, as well as root and fruit crops, increased significantly compared to the control and background (P120K90) variants in the increased rates of nitrogen fertilizer along with the background. The highest quality indicators were observed in the background+N90 variant, respectively 24.9%; 17.9%; 6.21%; 0.76%; 6.05%; 4.71% and 183.0 mg/kg. In the 50x20 cm planting scheme, which has more food space, the quality indicators were higher in each of the studied options than in the 50x10 cm and 50x15 cm planting schemes, depending on the mineral fertilizer norms. 0.8-3.5% dry matter, 0.3-2.3% sugar, 0.47-0.83% protein, 0.04-0.15% fat, cellulose 0.08-0.36%, ash by 0.07-0.25% and nitrate nitrogen increased by 16.3-45.7 mg/kg in wet weight. The amount of nitrates in the root fruits of sugar beet was much less than the permissible limit (250 mg/kg in wet weight). It is concluded that the highest indicators were obtained in the background+N90 and 50x20 cm planting scheme.
Seasonal variation affects the quantity and composition of milk produced in water buffaloes - case study in Shatrah city of Iraq
Authors: Al-Fayad Muayad Abdulwahid Jaber
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted at Thi-Qar Governorate, Al-Shatrah district, Al-Bidaah region, in Iraq during two seasons winter (from Dec-Feb, 01.12.2021 to 01.03.2022), and summer (Jun-Aug from 01.06 to 01.09. 2022). The quantity and composition of milk of water buffaloes for Fat, Solid-Not-Fat (SNF) Protein and Lactose) were studies. Seventy (70) dairy buffaloes of different ages, in second parity among two seasons were used, and their productivity was monitored for a full lactation (from birth to dryness). Milk samples were taken periodically, once every two weeks, at a rate of 100 ml for each sample. The results of the study showed a significant (P<0.05) superiority for the winter season in the amount of milk produced daily and monthly compared to the summer season, and the average daily and monthly milk quantity for winter and summer seasons were as 0.26±8.03, 7.75±240.36, 0.18±4.60, 5.44±137.5, respectively. As for the main components of milk (fat, SNF protein and lactose, a significant effect of the season appeared on the main components of milk, where the winter season was significantly superior (P < 0.05) in all studied traits compared to the summer season, and the average percentages of fat reached the SNF, protein and lactose in the winter and summer seasons were as follows: (0.47±5.92, 0.45±8.77, 0.013±3.21, 0.25±4.93) (0.49±4.31, 0.46±7.30, 0.017±2.70, 0.72±4.17), respectively. it can be concluded that season strongly affects milk yield, fat and also protein of water buffaloes in Iraqi climatic conditions