bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XXXIII. Extract of a Letter front the Reverend Dr. Tovey, Principal of New-Inn-Hall, Oxford, to R. Rawlinson, LL.D. Dated 18 June, 1744
Authors: Tovey
Published: December 2015

——And now, Sir, let me thank you for putting me upon looking into my history, “Anglia Judaica,” as I am so vain to call it: It gave me an opportunity of making, what I think a curious discovery, relating to a piece of Roman antiquity found in London. I happened to cast my eye on page the 4th, where mention is made of the Roman brick that was found about seventy years since in Mark Lane.
XXXIV. Dissertation, by the Dean of Exeter, on the Antiquity of Brick Buildings in England, posterior to the Time of the Romans
Authors: Lyttelton C.
Published: December 2015

As an enquiry into the original of any useful art, practised in this kingdom, seems to be one of the objects of our institution, I shall beg leave to lay before you some short remarks I have made on the antiquity of our Brick Building, which I am the rather induced to do, as it it is a subject which has never been considered, as I know of, by any of our writers on architecture or antiquities.
XXXV. Part of a Letter to Mr. Joseph Ames, concerning some Arabic and Roman Numerals found on a Stone, in the Foundation of the Black Swan Inn, in Holborn
Authors: Booth John
Published: December 2015

As the Workmen (May 4, 1756) were digging up part of the old Foundation of the Black Swan Inn, in Holborn, they met with a stone, which was strongly cemented with bricks, chalk, and other stones, like those they call ragg stones, that it was with great difficulty the pick-ax could make any impression or separate them. This stone was at the bottom of a great pile of this rubbish, if I may so call it, and was about eighteen inches long, but accidentally broke in the middle by some blow of the pick-ax, nine inches broad, and four inches thick, and thereon now stand these Arabic numerals cut into the stone, in the form and manner here described, as near as I could imitate the same; some of which are about one inch ¾, and some about two inches tall; and under them there are the Roman numerals xii, the meaning of which I will not at present even guess at.
XXXVIII. A Dissertation on an antient Jewel of the Anglo-Saxons
Authors: Pegge Samuel
Published: December 2015

There is a well-known and curious piece of gold in the Bodleian library, of which I must here take some notice, though it be not properly a coin. It has been no less than four times engraved; first by Dr. Plot, then in Camden, after that by Sir Andrew Fountaine (by which means it obtains an alliance with this work), and lastly by Mr. Wise. And all the gentlemen concerned, to whom I may add Mr. Thwaites, have respectively given their opinions of it, but are so discordant among themselves, that there is indeed great room, and great occasion, for a Moderator, to compose differences between them, and, if one may be so happy, to give the true explication of it.
XXXIX. An Historical Dissertation upon the antient Danish Horn, kept in the Cathedral Church of York. Anno Domini mdccxviii. By Samuel Gale, Esquire. Presented by Dr. Stukely to the Antiquarian Society, February 20, 1755; together with a Runic Plate
Authors: Gale Samuel
Published: December 2015

Though many of the Antiquities of Britain have been so accurately described and illustrated by the learned of our nation, that we have as large and valuable a treasure of this kind as any of our neighbours; yet, in so vast a field, it is impossible but some things must have slipped by unregarded, or have been but transiently mentioned; a nearer and more particular view of which, as well as a further enquiry into their origin, I presume, would not be altogether unacceptable; so that what at first might seem to have had but a slender foundation, would become settled upon the immoveable basis of Reason and Truth.
XL. A Dissertation on Julius Caesar's Passage over the River Thames. By Samuel Gale, Esquire
Authors: Gale Samuel
Published: December 2015

The passage of Julius Caesar over the river Thames, to attack the famous Cassivellaun, and the army of Britons under his command, who were drawn up upon the opposite bank to hinder his crossing there, is a matter of so great antiquity, that, though it has been in general well attested by several historians, yet, as to the particular place where this remarkable event happened, there have been various opinions and conjectures; which for brevity omitting, I shall endeavour to set this affair in as clear a light as possible, by laying before you the most authentic evidences.
Of the Courts of Pypowder: By John Pettingall, D.D.
Authors: Pettingall John
Published: December 2015

By the statute 17 Edward IV, 1477, it was provided, “That “whereas divers fairs be holden and kept in this realm, some “by prescription, allowed before justices in Eyre, and some by the “grant of our Lord the King that now is, and some by the grants of “his predecessors; and to every of the same fairs, is of right pertaining “a court of Pypowders, to minister in the same due justice in this be-“half, in which court it hath been atall times accustomed, that every “person coming to the said fairs should have lawful remedy of all “manner of contracts, trespasses, covenants, debts and other deeds, “made or done within any of the same fairs, during the time “of the same fair—and within the jurisdiction of the same, and to “be tried by merchants being of the same fair; which courts at this “day be misused by the stewards, under-stewards, bailiffs, commis-“sioners and other ministers, holding and governing the said courts “of the said fairs, for their private profit, holding pleas by plaints, “as well of contracts, debts, trespasses, and other feats, done and “committed out of the time of the said fair, or jurisdiction of the “same, whereof, in truth, they have no jurisdiction surmising the “same debts, trespasses, &c.
XLII. Philological Letters from the celebrated Critic William Baxter to the late Dr. Geeky, when first entered at Cambridge: Communicated by Dr. Sharpe
Authors: Sharpe
Published: December 2015

Gratulor tibi ex animo, Willielme dilectissime, tibi omnia procedere rectè, atque ex voto; praecipuè vero Almam Matrem Academiam tuo merito concessisse, quod rarentèr tironibus contingit, et ςχολαςιϰὸν et χαδιςιϰὸν de fuâ munificientiâ.
XLIV. Some Account of a Roman Station lately discovered on the Borders of Yorkshire
Authors: Watson John
Published: December 2015

On the trace of the great Roman military way from York to Manchester, in the township of Saddleworth, within the county of York, and diocese of Chester, at a place called Castleshaw, are the remains of a double camp, or station, of a Roman form, as will appear from the following representation of it:
XLV. A mistaken Passage in Bede's Ecclesiastical History explained
Authors: Watson John
Published: December 2015

In Smith's edition of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England, p. 96. are the following words: “Attamen in Campodono, “ubi tunc etiam villa regia erat, fecit (Paulinus) basilicam, quam “postmodum Pagani, à quibus Aeduini rex occisus, cum tota eadem “villa succenderunt.” This Campodonum, Camden, and others on his authority, have thought was the same as the Cambodunum mentioned in the second Iter of Antonine, which they have placed at Castle-Hill near Almonbury, in the West-Riding of Yorkshire.
XLVI. A Roman Inscription upon a Rock at Shawk Quarries, in Great Dalston, Cumberland, A. D. 1766
Authors: Carlisle Cha.
Published: December 2015

The drawing I now lay before you, contains a Roman inscription on a rock, situated at a place called Shawk Quarries, near Rose Castle in Cumberland, which has hitherto been overlooked by all our antiquaries, even by my famous predecessor Bishop Nicholson, though so near to his own mansion, and within his own manor of Dalston: I read it thus,

LEGIONIS SECVNDAE AVGVSTAE

MILITES POSVERVNT.

COHORS TERTIA–COHORS QVARTA.
XLVIII. Dissertation Litteraire sur une Colonie Egiptiene etablie à Athènes: Presentée à l'illustre Academie des Antiquaires de Londres. Par Fred. Samuel Schmidt de Berne
Authors: Schmidt Fred. Samuel
Published: December 2015

Je trouve un plaisir sensible à rechercer l' origine des arts et des sciences, et à suivre les progrès qu'ils ont fait successivement dans les tems de la plus haute antiquitè. Je les vois naissans et come au berceau en Egipte: je les considère dès là portés en Grèce, où ils montent insensiblement au plus haut degrè de perfection.
CONSIDERING EQUITY IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF AGENCY PRACTICES
Authors: Panteli Dimitra , Kreis Julia , Busse Reinhard
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Equity is one of the founding principles in most healthcare systems. Financial constraints entail an increased risk of exacerbating inequities and a greater need for evidence-based decisions. It is, therefore, both important and timely to enquire how equity can be addressed in health technology assessment (HTA) practice. We aimed to explore related practices from a broad range of HTA agencies, identify exemplary approaches and common concerns, and offer insights for future considerations.

Methods: HTA agencies for which both methodological guides and HTA reports were publicly available were selected from an initial comprehensive pool. Information was extracted on issues ranging from a general commitment to fairness to specific measures targeting both methodological and process-related elements.

Results: Methodological documents and ninety-eight reports from nineteen agencies were analyzed. Our findings indicate that equity was not a standard consideration in HTA report production. The nature of specific approaches and the amount of resources invested into including an equity perspective varied considerably. Specific measures (e.g., appropriate information sources, analytical tools, and schemes) were mentioned by almost half of the agencies analyzed. Albeit sporadic, both horizontal and vertical equity considerations were identified in included HTA reports.

Conclusions: While varying legal contexts and institutional principles can lead to different interpretations of equity at the decision point, a combination of methodological and process-related practices could contribute to more equity-sensitive evaluations, especially in conjunction with enhanced dissemination of existing methodological tools. Networking initiatives on behalf of existing collaborating platforms could play an important role in this direction.
Time constraints on market activity and the balance of power in medieval Liège
Authors: WILKIN ALEXIS
Published: December 2015

This article focuses on a little scrutinised aspect of the regulation of markets for food in the central middle ages, using a case study, the town of Liège, in addition to other examples from the southern Low Countries. It aims to demonstrate how regulations concerning the timing of the marketing of foodstuffs operated in order to guarantee privileged access to some categories of urban inhabitants. This institutional management of time in the market was a function of a specific balance of power which in turn shaped economic, social and political outcomes.
CERAMIC HISTORY, CERAMIC CHANGE, AND ARCHITECTURAL SEQUENCE AT ACANMUL, CAMPECHE: A LOCAL CHRONICLE AND ITS REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Ball Joseph W. , Taschek Jennifer T.
Published: December 2015

Acanmul is a medium-size center located at the north end of the Bay of Campeche about 25 km northeast of the city of Campeche. Between 1999 and 2005, three independent sets of investigations and major architectural consolidation were carried out at the center by archaeologists from the Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (UAC), the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), Centro Regional de Campeche, and UAC in collaboration with San Diego State University. These efforts produced a wealth of new information on the archaeology of the central Campeche coast, including new insights into the emergence and evolution of the northern slateware tradition and the architectural history of the central coast from Preclassic through Postclassic times. New data concerning changing relationships through time of the central coast Maya to both the interior central and southern lowlands and to the northern plains also were documented, as was the mid ninth century sacking of the center. This article synthesizes the findings of the three separate institutional efforts at Acanmul and offers a number of new cultural historical scenarios and hypotheses based on them.
REVISITING MONKEYS ON POTS: A CONTEXTUAL CONSIDERATION OF PRIMATE IMAGERY ON CLASSIC LOWLAND MAYA POTTERY
Authors: Rice Prudence M. , South Katherine E.
Published: December 2015

Four species of monkeys may have lived in the Maya region in pre-Columbian times: two howler monkey species, the spider monkey, and possibly the capuchin. Simians also played an important role in Maya creation myth and cosmology, and are frequently represented on Maya pottery and in glyphic texts. Scholars disagree, however, on which monkeys are depicted. Here we provide an analysis of 142 monkey images on 97 pots, focusing especially on Classic-period lowland polychromes. Multiple physical characteristics of the primates are considered, along with cultural traits, to provide appropriate biological and cultural contexts and artistic conventions necessary to their interpretation. Besides the well-known scribal roles (attributed to howlers and “Monkey-Men”), we conclude that monkeys commonly take on pictorial and non-pictorial roles that involve carrying or bringing goods such as tribute or cacao. In contexts of liminality, these creatures are often charged with transcending natural and social realms.
LOS SITIOS RURALES Y LA ESTRATEGIA EXPANSIONISTA DEL ESTADO TEOTIHUACANO PARA LA CAPTACION DE RECURSOS EN LA CUENCA DE MÉXICO
Authors: García Chávez Raúl E. , Gamboa Cabezas Luis Manuel , Saldaña Nadia Vélez
Published: December 2015

Desde el inicio del siglo XX y después de los primeros recorridos que realizó Manuel Gamio, por el área de la Cuenca de México, se hizo patente que existían muchos sitios que de alguna forma estaban relacionados con Teotihuacan. Pero al no haber una forma sistemática de describirlos, solo algunos de esos sitios como Azcapotzalco (Gamio 1972) fueron reportados y no fue hasta los años sesenta de siglo XX, con los recorridos de superficie iniciados por Sanders y colegas en la Cuenca de México, que sabemos que Teotihuacan tuvo un ámbito rural a la manera de sitios satélite. Desafortunadamente, el conocimiento sobre la ubicación de los sitios rurales, no ha impedido que muchos de estos sitios, sean alterados o destruidos por las obras de construcción de autopistas, centros comerciales, áreas habitacionales y obras de infraestructura urbana en el área metropolitana de la ciudad de México. Es debido a esta situación, que la mayoría de los casos presentados en este trabajo corresponden a sitios que fueron explorados através de operaciones de salvamento arqueológico por quienes esto escriben, como miembros del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia de México. Los restos arqueológicos que han sobrevivido hasta nuestros días muestran una parte de la amplia gama de sitios rurales teotihuacanos que existieron en el área de la Cuenca de México y cuyo estudio es importante para la determinación de los procesos de desarrollo de las sociedades del clásico. Se trata de sitios con variaciones en sus tamaños, con diferentes calidades constructivas y que aparecieron en diferentes fases entre los años d.C. 100 a d.C. 500 En este artículo describimos algunas características de los sitios intervenidos y estudiados, tratando de relacionar y comparar la información con la que existe sobre el gran centro urbano de Teotihuacan, por lo que aquí presentaremos una síntesis con los datos que están disponibles, para entender parte de los procesos de desarrollo de la sociedad del clásico en el altiplano de Mesoamérica.
Anne M. Thompson Receives 2015 Roger Revelle Medal
Authors:   AGU
Published: December 2015

Anne M. Thompson was awarded the 2015 Roger Revelle Medal at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2015 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for "outstanding contributions in atmospheric sciences, atmosphere-ocean coupling, atmosphere-land coupling, biogeochemical cycles, climate, or related aspects of the Earth system."
Microbes Make a Quick Meal of Methane in a Submarine Canyon
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: December 2015

Scientists track the fate of methane released by hydrates in a major canyon off the U.S. East Coast.
Re-designing the substrate binding pocket of laccase for enhanced oxidation of sinapic acid
Authors: Pardo I. , Santiago G. , Gentili P. , Lucas F. , Monza E. , Medrano F. J. , Galli C. , Martínez A. T. , Guallar V. , Camarero S.
Published: December 2015

Iterative saturation mutagenesis was performed over six residues delimiting the substrate binding pocket of a high redox potential chimeric laccase with the aim of enhancing its activity over sinapic acid, a lignin-related phenol of industrial interest.
Hierarchical mesoporous Pd/ZSM-5 for the selective catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of m-cresol to methylcyclohexane
Authors: Hunns James A. , Arroyo Marta , Lee Adam F. , Escola José M. , Serrano David , Wilson Karen
Published: December 2015

Mesopore incorporation into ZSM-5 enhances the dispersion of Pd nanoparticles significantly accelerating m-cresol conversion relative to a conventional microporous ZSM-5, and dramatically increasing selectivity towards the desired methylcyclohexane deoxygenated product.
Theoretical and experimental characterization of a novel pyridine benzimidazole: suitability for fluorescence staining in cells and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Carreño Alexander , Gacitúa Manuel , Fuentes Juan A. , Páez-Hernández Dayán , Araneda Carmen , Chávez Ivonne , Soto-Arriaza Marco , Manríquez Juan M. , Polanco Rubén , Mora Guido C. , Otero Carolina , Swords Wesley B. , Arratia-Pérez Ramiro
Published: December 2015

Imidazopyridine showed fluorescence properties suitable for imaging with both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Nanoscale bio-platforms for living cell interrogation: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Chang Lingqian , Hu Jiaming , Chen Feng , Chen Zhou , Shi Junfeng , Yang Zhaogang , Li Yiwen , Lee Ly James
Published: December 2015

The recent entries of nanoscale platforms with high spatial and temporal resolution have been widely employed to probe the living cells.
Enzyme catalysis enhanced dark-field imaging as a novel immunohistochemical method
Authors: Fan Lin , Tian Yanyan , Yin Rong , Lou Doudou , Zhang Xizhi , Wang Meng , Ma Ming , Luo Shouhua , Li Suyi , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2015

Conventional immunohistochemistry is limited to subjective judgment based on human experience and thus it is clinically required to develop a quantitative immunohistochemical detection.
Efficient synthesis of polyoxazoline-silica hybrid nanoparticles by using the “grafting-onto” approach
Authors: Bissadi Golnaz , Weberskirch Ralf
Published: December 2015

The first preparation of silica hybrid nanoparticles by comparing the click chemistry approach with the silane coupling of α-telechelic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)s is reported.
High performance thin film transistors based on bi-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-containing copolymers: tuning the face-on and edge-on packing orientations
Authors: Qiao Xiaolan , Wu Qinghe , Wu Hongzhuo , Wang Deliang , Li Hongxiang
Published: December 2015

The tuning of face-on and edge-on packing structures of TPD-containing copolymers was achieved and the relationship between the packing structures and device performance was investigated.
Copper-catalyzed tandem A3-coupling–isomerization–hydrolysis reactions of aldehydes and terminal alkynes leading to chalcones
Authors: Zhao Yingwei , Song Qiuling
Published: December 2015

A3 coupling is not the end: catalyzed by a simple copper salt, the reaction of aldehyde, alkyne, and amine can afford chalcone.
Direct isoperfluoropropylation of arenediazonium salts with hexafluoropropylene
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Li Yajun , Guo Yuwei , Zhu Zhentong , Wu Yongming , Cao Weiguo
Published: December 2015

Perfluoropropylene can be used directly for isoperfluoropropylation of arenediazonium salts in the presence of silver fluoride and cuprous iodide. A practical tandem diazotization and isoperfluoropropylation protocol was developed for aniline derivatives to generate isoperfluoropropylarenes with good functional-group compatibility.
Pd/norbornene-catalyzed sequential ortho-C–H alkylation and ipso-alkynylation: a 1,1-dimethyl-2-alkynol strategy
Authors: Sun Fenggang , Li Miao , Gu Zhenhua
Published: December 2015

A palladium/norbornene-catalyzedortho-C–H alkylation andipso-alkynylation reaction for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-1-alkynyl arenes was reported, where the use of bulky 1,1-dimethyl-2-alkynols led to significant suppression of the formation ofO-alkylation and norbornene alkynylation by-products.
Electronic structure, photovoltage, and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with p-CuBi2O4 nanocrystals
Authors: Sharma Geetu , Zhao Zeqiong , Sarker Pranab , Nail Benjamin A. , Wang Jiarui , Huda Muhammad N. , Osterloh Frank E.
Published: December 2015

As a visible light active p-type semiconductor, CuBi2O4 is of interest as a photocatalyst for the generation of hydrogen fuel from water.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of the Zintl phase BaGa2Sb2via doping with Na or K
Authors: Aydemir Umut , Zevalkink Alex , Ormeci Alim , Bux Sabah , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: December 2015

Carrier tuning of BaGa2Sb2by Na or K doping significantly enhance the thermoelectric efficiency (zT∼ 0.65 at 750 K).
Solution-processed multilayered BiVO4 photoanodes: influence of intermediate heat treatments on the photoactivity
Authors: Chemseddine A. , Ullrich K. , Mete T. , Abdi F. F. , van de Krol R.
Published: December 2015

Intermediate heat treatments to at least 350 °C are needed to obtain fully crystalline monoclinic BiVO4 films with tunable thickness from spin coating of successive layers from a precursor solution.
Colloidal Sb2S3nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization and fabrication of solid-state semiconductor sensitized solar cells
Authors: Abulikemu Mutalifu , Del Gobbo Silvano , Anjum Dalaver H. , Malik Mohammad Azad , Bakr Osman M.
Published: December 2015

Antimony sulfide nanocrystals of various shapes and different phases are synthesized using a colloidal hot-injection method, and the as-prepared nanocrystals are used as a light harvesting material in photovoltaic devices.
Reconstructing representations of dynamic visual objects in early visual cortex
Authors: Chong Edmund , Familiar Ariana M. , Shim Won Mok
Published: December 2015

Significance

The visual system is often presented with degraded and partial visual information; thus, it must extensively fill in details not present in the physical input. Does the visual system fill in object-specific information as an object’s features change in motion? Here, we show that object-specific features (orientation) can be reconstructed from neural activity in early visual cortex (V1) while objects undergo dynamic transformations. Furthermore, our results suggest that this information is not generated by averaging the physically present stimuli or by mechanisms involved in visual imagery, which also requires internal reconstruction of information not physically present. Our study provides evidence that V1 plays a unique role in dynamic filling-in of integrated visual information during kinetic object transformations via feedback signals.
Early Lapita skeletons from Vanuatu show Polynesian craniofacial shape: Implications for Remote Oceanic settlement and Lapita origins
Authors: Valentin Frédérique , Détroit Florent , Spriggs Matthew J. T. , Bedford Stuart
Published: December 2015

Significance

The question of the origin of Pacific Islanders has exercised scientists since the first explorers’ voyages of the 16th century. Physical resemblance between Polynesians and Asian populations was detected, but in between were the islands of Melanesia, inhabited largely by people of different phenotype. However, the Lapita culture bridged this geographical divide 3,000 y ago. Morphological studies of early Lapita colonists from Teouma, Vanuatu align them with present-day Polynesian and Asian populations, whereas skeletal remains of later generations show a more Melanesian phenotype predominating. We suggest that migration streams from already-inhabited parts of Melanesia dating from the late-Lapita phase ultimately dominated the original Polynesian phenotype in eastern Melanesia, but not in Polynesia, which became relatively isolated soon after initial settlement.
Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms
Authors: Frelat Romain , Lopez-Ridaura Santiago , Giller Ken E. , Herrero Mario , Douxchamps Sabine , Djurfeldt Agnes Andersson , Erenstein Olaf , Henderson Ben , Kassie Menale , Paul Birthe K. , Rigolot Cyrille , Ritzema Randall S. , Rodriguez Daniel , van Asten Piet J. A. , van Wijk Mark T.
Published: December 2015

Significance

We collated a unique dataset covering land use and production data of more than 13,000 smallholder farm households in 93 sites in 17 countries across sub-Saharan Africa. The study quantifies the importance of off-farm income and market conditions across sites differing strongly in agroecology and derives generally applicable threshold values that determine whether farm households have enough food available to feed their families. These results show there is a strong need for multisectoral policy harmonization and incentives and improved interconnectedness of people to urban centers and diversification of employment sources, rather than a singular focus on agricultural development of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.
Glucocorticoid-induced tethered transrepression requires SUMOylation of GR and formation of a SUMO-SMRT/NCoR1-HDAC3 repressing complex
Authors: Hua Guoqiang , Ganti Krishna Priya , Chambon Pierre
Published: December 2015

Significance

The antiinflammatory property of natural glucocorticoids (GCs) was demonstrated more than 60 years ago. Since then, synthetic GCs have been widely used to combat inflammatory and allergic disorders. However, multiple severe undesirable side effects associated with long-term GC treatments, as well as induction of glucocorticoid resistance associated with such treatments, limit their therapeutic usefulness. In the present study, we unveiled the molecular mechanism underlying the GC-induced GC receptor (GR)-mediated tethered indirect transrepression. This knowledge paves the way to the future educated design and screening of drugs, collectively named selective GR agonists, which would exhibit the major therapeutically beneficial properties of GCs, but would be devoid of undesirable debilitating effects upon prolonged GC therapy.
AFS Position Paper and Policy on Mining and Fossil Fuel Extraction
Authors: Hughes Robert M. , Amezcua Felipe , Chambers David M. , Daniel Wesley M. , Franks James S. , Franzin William , MacDonald Donald , Merriam Eric , Neall George , Santos Pompeu Paulo , Reynolds Lou , Woody Carol Ann
Published: December 2015

Following a four-year period of writing, member comment, and multiple revisions, the AFS Position Paper and Policy on Mining and Fossil Fuel Extraction was approved unanimously by the membership at the Society's annual business meeting August 19, 2015, in Portland, Oregon. The entire document can be read at fisheries.org/policy_statements; a brief summary follows.
Participants’ Perception of a Unique Community of Practice for Substance Abuse Education in the Caribbean
Authors: Reid Sandra D. , Downes Erica , Khenti Akwatu
Published: December 2015

Background: Substance abuse is a significant public health challenge in the Caribbean. It is important that health and allied professionals be adequately trained in this field. The Caribbean Institute on Alcoholism and other Drug Problems (CARIAD) was established to provide new knowledge and share successful best practices in substance abuse in the Caribbean. CARIAD brings together diverse participants from throughout the region in a structured community of practice and emphasizes local knowledge formation. This paper evaluates the acceptability and perceived impact of CARIAD to/on participants. Methods: The authors analyzed anonymous written evaluations of 458 CARIAD participants completed immediately after the program in 2003–2012. Questionnaires collected quantitative data on the acceptability of the program in meeting the learning needs of participants. Perception of program acceptability and impact on the participant were also obtained from descriptive content analysis of qualitative data obtained through open-ended questions. A 2013 online follow-up survey collected data about the utilization and dissemination of knowledge acquired at CARIAD from 141 graduates of the same period. Data analysis employed basic descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Results: Participant evaluation immediately following CARIAD showed a high level of satisfaction with the organization, structure, content, and usefulness of the program. Participants valued the program's cultural relevance and the opportunity for networking and collaboration. They expressed a collective solidarity, and empowerment to address substance abuse problems. Participants reported that CARIAD had impacted positively on their professional practice and facilitated knowledge transfer to colleagues and communities. Conclusion: CARIAD is perceived as an effective community of practice, producing a network of graduates who use the acquired knowledge, skills, and motivation to lead in the field of substance abuse in the Caribbean. This process of learning can be recommended to countries where research is not prioritized and evidence-driven interventions are not always available.
Perceptions of Alcohol use by Friends Compared to Peers: Associations with Middle Adolescents’ own Use
Authors: Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Weybright Elizabeth H.
Published: December 2015

Background: In this study, the authors (a) distinguished between adolescents’ perceptions of their peers’ and friends’ alcohol use to examine the unique associations these perceptions have on adolescents’ own alcohol use and (b) tested if the ability to resist peer influence moderated those associations. Methods: Data were from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development ( N = 876, all aged 15). Adolescents reported (a) perceptions of alcohol use by their peers, (b) perceptions of alcohol use by their friends, (c) their own alcohol use in the last year, and (d) a measure of their ability to resist peer influence. Data were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression (HLR), controlling for demographic variables and parental knowledge. Results: Three HLR models were computed: 1 for the full sample, 1 for only males, and 1 for only females. In all models, perceptions of alcohol use by friends (odds ratios [ORs]: ORFull = 10.17, ORFemale = 15.51, ORMale = 7.25) were associated with a greater likelihood of adolescents using alcohol themselves. Perceptions of alcohol use by peers (ORFull = 1.13, ORFemale = 1.11, ORMale = 1.14) were not significantly associated with adolescents’ own alcohol use. The ability to resist peer influence did not moderate any of those associations. Conclusions: It appears that when adolescents perceive more of their friends, but not their peers, consume alcohol, they themselves are at greater risk for alcohol use, and those associations do not depend upon their ability to resist peer influence.
BSAFER: A Web-Based Intervention for Drug use and Intimate Partner Violence Demonstrates Feasibility and Acceptability among Women in the Emergency Department
Authors: Choo Esther K. , Zlotnick Caron , Strong David R. , Squires Daniel D. , Tapé Chantal , Mello Michael J.
Published: December 2015

Background: Addressing violence along with drug use change goals is critical for women with coexisting intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: This was an acceptability and feasibility study of BSAFER, a brief Web-based program and booster phone call addressing violence and drug use. A screening survey identified women with recent drug use and IPV in the emergency department (ED). Participants were randomized to BSAFER or a Web-based control program and booster call providing education about home fire safety. Program completion, usability, satisfaction, and motivational interviewing (MI) adherence were primary outcomes. Drug use and IPV outcomes were measured at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. Results: Forty women were enrolled (21 BSAFER, 19 control); 50% were nonwhite and mean age was 30 years. The most commonly used drugs were marijuana (88%) and cocaine (30%); 45% reported physical abuse, and 33% reported severe combined physical and sexual abuse. Thirty-nine (98%) completed the Web program, 30 (75%) completed the booster, and 29 (73%) completed the 3-month follow-up. Mean System Usability Scale (SUS) for the BSAFER Web program was 84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78–89) of 100; mean Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) was 28 (95% CI: 26–29) of 32. MI adherence scores were high and similar for both the Web program and the booster. Both intervention and control groups had small mean decreases in weekly drug use days (0.7 vs. 1.5 days); participants using drugs other than marijuana demonstrated greater average reductions in drug use than those using marijuana only. Conclusions: An ED Web-based intervention for SUDs and IPV in women demonstrated feasibility and acceptability. Future studies will examine efficacy of the BSAFER program and investigate whether specific subgroups of drug using women may be most responsive to ED-based Web interventions.
Cbx4 maintains the epithelial lineage identity and cell proliferation in the developing stratified epithelium
Authors: Mardaryev Andrei N. , Liu Bo , Rapisarda Valentina , Poterlowicz Krzysztof , Malashchuk Igor , Rudolf Jana , Sharov Andrey A. , Jahoda Colin A. , Fessing Michael Y. , Benitah Salvador A. , Xu Guo-Liang , Botchkarev Vladimir A.
Published: December 2015

During development, multipotent progenitor cells establish lineage-specific programmers of gene activation and silencing underlying their differentiation into specialized cell types. We show that the Polycomb component Cbx4 serves as a critical determinant that maintains the epithelial identity in the developing epidermis by repressing nonepidermal gene expression programs. Cbx4 ablation in mice results in a marked decrease of the epidermal thickness and keratinocyte (KC) proliferation associated with activation of numerous neuronal genes and genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16/p19 and p57). Furthermore, the chromodomain- and SUMO E3 ligase–dependent Cbx4 activities differentially regulate proliferation, differentiation, and expression of nonepidermal genes in KCs. Finally, Cbx4 expression in KCs is directly regulated by p63 transcription factor, whereas Cbx4 overexpression is capable of partially rescuing the effects of p63 ablation on epidermal development. These data demonstrate that Cbx4 plays a crucial role in the p63-regulated program of epidermal differentiation, maintaining the epithelial identity and proliferative activity in KCs via repression of the selected nonepidermal lineage and cell cycle inhibitor genes.
TRAIP is a PCNA-binding ubiquitin ligase that protects genome stability after replication stress
Authors: Hoffmann Saskia , Smedegaard Stine , Nakamura Kyosuke , Mortuza Gulnahar B. , Räschle Markus , Ibañez de Opakua Alain , Oka Yasuyoshi , Feng Yunpeng , Blanco Francisco J. , Mann Matthias , Montoya Guillermo , Groth Anja , Bekker-Jensen Simon , Mailand Niels
Published: December 2015

Cellular genomes are highly vulnerable to perturbations to chromosomal DNA replication. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the processivity factor for DNA replication, plays a central role as a platform for recruitment of genome surveillance and DNA repair factors to replication forks, allowing cells to mitigate the threats to genome stability posed by replication stress. We identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP as a new factor at active and stressed replication forks that directly interacts with PCNA via a conserved PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) box motif. We show that TRAIP promotes ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling in human cells by facilitating the generation of RPA-bound single-stranded DNA regions upon replication stress in a manner that critically requires its E3 ligase activity and is potentiated by the PIP box. Consequently, loss of TRAIP function leads to enhanced chromosomal instability and decreased cell survival after replication stress. These findings establish TRAIP as a PCNA-binding ubiquitin ligase with an important role in protecting genome integrity after obstacles to DNA replication.
Taking the stress out of replication
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: December 2015

The ubiquitin ligase TRAIP helps cells restart stalled replication forks.
A weak kernel formula for Bessel functions
Authors: Chai Jingsong
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we prove a weak kernel formula of Bessel functions attached to irreducible generic representations of

p
p

-adic

G
L
(
n
)

GL(n)

. As an application, we show that the Bessel function defined by Bessel distribution coincides with the Bessel function defined via uniqueness of Whittaker models on the open Bruhat cell.
Single-filament kinetic studies provide novel insights into regulation of actin-based motility
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Carlier Marie-France
Published: December 2015

Polarized assembly of actin filaments forms the basis of actin-based motility and is regulated both spatially and temporally. Cells use a variety of mechanisms by which intrinsically slower processes are accelerated, and faster ones decelerated, to match rates observed in vivo. Here we discuss how kinetic studies of individual reactions and cycles that drive actin remodeling have provided a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of such processes. We specifically consider key barbed-end regulators such as capping protein and formins as illustrative examples. We compare and contrast different kinetic approaches, such as the traditional pyrene-polymerization bulk assays, as well as more recently developed single-filament and single-molecule imaging approaches. Recent development of novel biophysical methods for sensing and applying forces will in future allow us to address the very important relationship between mechanical stimulus and kinetics of actin-based motility.
Clinical outcome assessments in neuro-oncology: a regulatory perspective
Authors: Sul Joohee , Kluetz Paul G. , Papadopoulos Elektra J. , Keegan Patricia
Published: December 2015

Overall survival, progression-free survival, and to a lesser extent objective response rate, have long been the most widely accepted endpoints used to evaluate clinical benefit in oncology trials. More recently, clinical outcome assessments (COAs) that measure the impact of disease and treatment on patients′ symptoms and function have been recognized as having potential to be an integral component of the risk/benefit analysis of new therapies. Although COAs have been used to evaluate cognitive and physical functioning in neurological diseases, assessing patient-centered outcomes in individuals with malignant brain tumors presents unique challenges. The approach to developing appropriate instruments to measure COAs in neuro-oncology should include identifying areas requiring new tools, reviewing existing tools that may be suitable or adapted for use in clinical trials, and engaging early with regulatory agencies to standardize a set of well-defined and reliable instruments to quantify important patient-centered outcomes.
Production of Flours with Reduced Epitope Content Using Milling Technology
Authors: Sutton Kevin H. , Simmons Lyall D. , Cummack Jill B. , Roberts Sarah J.
Published: December 2015

Epitopes on the α‐gliadins are known to give rise to immune responses that may lead to the development of celiac disease in genetically predisposed individuals. The reduction of epitope levels in wheat‐based products would likely benefit this group of consumers and also consumers with non‐celiac gluten sensitivity. Conventional breeding of wheats with lowered epitope levels will take time, but in this study we show for the first time that milling technology can be used to produce flour mill streams that are depleted in α‐20 gliadin epitopes. Fifteen mill streams from two New Zealand wheat cultivars, Sapphire (a biscuit wheat) and Monad (a bread wheat), were tested with reversed‐phase HPLC and an α‐20 gliadin epitope ELISA kit. The level of α‐20 epitope measured in Sapphire gliadins was significantly less than that found in Monad gliadins, even taking into account differences in total protein content. For both cultivars, compared with the straight‐run flour, the break flours had similar or significantly higher proportions of α‐20 epitope per unit of protein, whereas most of the reduction streams had significantly lower proportions of α‐20 epitope per unit of protein. Theoretically, combining selected (mainly reduction) flour streams may produce flour with ∼75% of the epitope content of the straight‐run flour.
Field Trial and Molecular Characterization of RNAi-Transgenic Tomato Plants That Exhibit Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus
Authors: Fuentes Alejandro , Carlos Natacha , Ruiz Yoslaine , Callard Danay , Sánchez Yadira , Ochagavía María Elena , Seguin Jonathan , Malpica-López Nachelli , Hohn Thomas , Lecca Maria Rita , Pérez Rosabel , Doreste Vivian , Rehrauer Hubert , Farinelli Laurent , Pujol Merardo , Pooggin Mikhail M.
Published: December 2015

RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used approach to generate virus-resistant transgenic crops. However, issues of agricultural importance like the long-term durability of RNAi-mediated resistance under field conditions and the potential side effects provoked in the plant by the stable RNAi expression remain poorly investigated. Here, we performed field trials and molecular characterization studies of two homozygous transgenic tomato lines, with different selection markers, expressing an intron-hairpin RNA cognate to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) C1 gene. The tested F6 and F4 progenies of the respective kanamycin- and basta-resistant plants exhibited unchanged field resistance to TYLCV and stably expressed the transgene-derived short interfering RNA (siRNAs) to represent 6 to 8% of the total plant small RNAs. This value outnumbered the average percentage of viral siRNAs in the nontransformed plants exposed to TYLCV-infested whiteflies. As a result of the RNAi transgene expression, a common set of up- and downregulated genes was revealed in the transcriptome profile of the plants selected from either of the two transgenic events. A previously unidentified geminivirus causing no symptoms of viral disease was detected in some of the transgenic plants. The novel virus acquired V1 and V2 genes from TYLCV and C1, C2, C3, and C4 genes from a distantly related geminivirus and, thereby, it could evade the repressive sequence-specific action of transgene-derived siRNAs. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms of siRNA-directed antiviral silencing in transgenic plants and highlight the applicability limitations of this technology as it may alter the transcriptional pattern of nontarget genes.
Bud Rot Caused by Phytophthora palmivora: A Destructive Emerging Disease of Oil Palm
Authors: Torres G. A. , Sarria G. A. , Martinez G. , Varon F. , Drenth A. , Guest D. I.
Published: December 2015

Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are among the most important plant pathogens in agriculture. Epidemics caused by P. infestans precipitated the great Irish famine and had a major impact on society and human history. In the tropics, P. palmivora is a pathogen of many plant species including cacao (Theobroma cacao), citrus (Citrus sp.), durian (Durio zibethines), jackfruit (Artrocarpus heterophyllus), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), and several palm species including coconut (Cocos nucifera), and the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) as determined recently. The first localized epidemics of bud rot in oil palm in Colombia were reported in 1964. However, recent epidemics of bud rot have destroyed more than 70,000 ha of oil palm in the Western and Central oil palm growing regions of Colombia. The agricultural, social, and economic implications of these outbreaks have been significant in Colombia. Identification of the pathogen after 100 years of investigating the disease in the world enabled further understanding of infection, expression of a range of symptoms, and epidemiology of the disease. This review examines the identification of P. palmivora as the cause of bud rot in Colombia, its epidemiology, and discusses the importance of P. palmivora as a major threat to oil palm plantings globally.
Genetic Analyses Suggest Separate Introductions of the Pine Pathogen Lecanosticta acicola Into Europe
Authors: Janoušek Josef , Wingfield Michael J. , Monsivais José G. Marmolejo , Jankovský Libor , Stauffer Christian , Konečný Adam , Barnes Irene
Published: December 2015

Lecanosticta acicola is a heterothallic ascomycete that causes brown spot needle blight on native and nonnative Pinus spp. in many regions of the world. In this study we investigated the origin of European L. acicola populations and estimated the level of random mating of the pathogen in affected areas. Part of the elongation factor 1-α gene was sequenced, 11 microsatellite regions were screened, and the mating type idiomorphs were determined for 201 isolates of L. acicola collected from three continents and 17 host species. The isolates from Mexico and Guatemala were unique, highly diverse and could represent cryptic species of Lecanosticta. The isolates from East Asia formed a uniform and discrete group. Two distinct populations were identified in both North America and Europe. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses strongly suggest independent introductions of two populations from North America into Europe. Microsatellite data and mating type distributions indicated random recombination in the populations of North America and Europe. Its intercontinental introduction can most likely be explained as a consequence of the movement of infected plant material. In contrast, the spread of L. acicola within Europe appears to be primarily due to conidial dispersion and probably also ascospore dissemination.