bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced methodology for thermal management area assessment of metro lines
Authors: Zhikharev Sergey
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the operation of metro lines with doubletrack and single-track tunnels in the Russian Federation. Simultaneous activation of traffic on single-track and double-track tunnels affects the management of thermal and humidity parameters of the air environment on metro lines. Currently, there is limited experience in using shared lines. The study conducted an analysis of the features in the formation of thermal and ventilation regimes in double-track and single-track subway tunnels. It also examined the temperature regime of the station when mixing air flows from a double-track tunnel between stations and the flow from one of the stations. An algorithm has been defined for controlling the thermal and humidity parameters of the environment in underground structures. Measures are proposed to minimize the consequences of combining air flows and normalize microclimate parameters. The analysis of air mass movement revealed that the air temperature at the station located beyond the junction point of the double-track tunnel section and single-track tunnels is influenced by circulation flows in single-track tunnels, as well as the flow rate and temperature of the air coming from the double-track tunnel.
Algorithms for adaptive control with limited disturbance compensation
Authors: Botirov Tulkin , Latipov Shahriyor , Baqoyev Husan , Xashimova Feruza , Botirov Uchqun
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes an adaptive control scheme for systems affected by parametric uncertainty and limited external disturbances, without requiring measurements of the controlled variable's derivatives. The control approach provides compensation for these disturbances, addressing control problems with a reference model. Adaptive control is a technique where a system's parameters are adjusted based on external conditions or internal changes. In the context of constrained disturbance compensation, control algorithms must account for limitations on available resources or system capacity to counteract disturbances. Such algorithms can be beneficial in situations where the system has limited resources or where disturbances cannot be fully eliminated. The proposed adaptive control scheme aims to effectively manage systems subject to parametric uncertainty and bounded external disturbances, without the need for derivative measurements of the controlled variable. The control approach compensates for these disturbances, making it suitable for applications where complete disturbance rejection is not feasible due to resource or capacity constraints.
Justification of structural technological solutions for the restoration of plunger pairs
Authors: Oripov Zayniddin , Kadirov Khalim , Jurayev Nodirbek , Turabov Khamro , Normurodov Akbarjon , Manglieva Juragul
Published: May 2024

The article explores the relationship of structural technological solutions to recover plunger pairs. The results studied are presented in graphical form. Equipment and devices were selected and developed for the conditions of repair factories and auto repair shops. The mini-technology of restoring high-pressure fuel pump plunger pairs was demonstrated. Fixtures were designed to allow manual sizing of plungers and bushings. For the mechanical finishing of plungers, a construction of a flat-finishing machine with high precision has been developed. Designs of devices for checking piston pairs of diesel cars have been developed. It was found that the hydrostatic properties of the restored plunger pairs meet the requirements imposed on them. A six-stage description of plunger pair restoration technologies and equipment is provided.
Development of a mathematical model and analysis of the dynamics of an electromechanical perforator with an impact-rotary mechanism
Authors: Ismanov Omurbek , Turdubaeva Zhyldyz , Abidov Abdykadyr , Bolushev Ernis , Azimova Alimakan
Published: May 2024

The object of the study is an electromechanical hammer drill with a rotary-impact mechanism. When studying the dynamics of an electromechanical hammer drill with a rotary-impact mechanism, methods of mathematical modeling and comparative analysis were used. A calculation scheme has been developed and, on its basis, the equations of motion of mechanical transmission elements and working tools of an electromechanical hammer drill with a rotating impact mechanism have been obtained. The solution of the resulting equations is carried out using the Runge-Kutta numerical method using the Mathcad computer program. When analyzing the dynamics of the elements of a rotary hammer with an impact-rotating mechanism, the value of the moment of resistance on the part of the rotating mechanism is taken as a variable parameter, since during the operation of the rotary hammer, with increasing drilling depth, the magnitude of the moment acting on the part of the tool increases. The dependences of the angular velocities of the elements of the hammer drill are given, which make it possible to select rational design parameters of the links of the electromechanical hammer drill using an impact-rotary mechanism.
Achieving climate neutrality in coal mining regions through the underground coal gasification
Authors: Saik Pavlo , Dychkovskyi Roman , Lozynskyi Vasyl , Falshtynskyi Volodymyr , Ovcharenko Alina
Published: May 2024

Coal mining regions face significant challenges in transitioning towards climate neutrality due to their dependence on fossil fuel extraction. This research explores the potential of underground coal gasification (UCG) technology as a pathway towards climate neutrality in these regions. UCG involves converting coal in-situ into syngas, a cleaner-burning fuel, while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The study investigates the material-thermal parameters of the gasification process using the MTB SPGV software and analyzes the gas concentration and producer gas yield parameters in the “Stepova” Mine field of SE “Lvivvuhillia”. Additionally, technological solutions for achieving climate neutrality through carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization are proposed, focusing on pre-separation of CO2 from producer gas obtained during UCG. A technological scheme for CO2 utilization is presented, outlining the steps from gas extraction to storage and utilization in underground spaces. The proposed method offers a promising approach to mitigate CO2 emissions and optimize resource utilization in coalmining regions, contributing to global efforts for environmental sustainability and climate action.
Monitoring the share of barren rock in extracted run-of-mine using digital deposit model and mine structural model – case study
Authors: Cichowlas Adam , Malinowski Leszek
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the utilization of mine structural models in optimizing operations at the “Pniówek” coal mine, focusing specifically on monthly data regarding the proportion of barren rock extracted alongside coal and its origins. Highlighting the significance of monitoring barren rock extraction in underground mining, with “Pniówek” serving as a case study, the article delves into the adverse effects of excessive barren rock in the Coal Mechanical Processing Plant feed and its consequent impact on daily plant performance. Furthermore, it elucidates the journey of excavated material from longwall extraction through processing plant operations to the final products. Subsequently, the paper presents a detailed analysis of coal yield, its composition, and a graphical representation of gangue proportions using Gantt charts. Additionally, it provides insights into forecasting gangue proportions in extraction, along with methods for interpreting and leveraging the obtained information for further operational optimization.
Numerical studies of floor heave control by the rock bolts reinforcement technology in retained gob-side gateroad
Authors: Sakhno Ivan , Sakhno Svitlana , Kamenets Viacheslav , Cabana Edgar Caceres
Published: May 2024

The effectiveness of modified rock bolts reinforcement technology for floor heave control in gob-side entry retaining was studied in this paper. A finite-element numerical simulation was used to analyse stress-strain state of surrounding rocks before and after immediate floor reinforcement with six floor support schemes. It was found that after immediate floor reinforcement with rock bolts with diameter 32 mm and 96 mm, floor heave in retained gob-side gateroad reduces by 2.94 – 3.6 times respectively. The modification of rock bolt reinforcement scheme by the additional installation of piles in the entry corners was proposed. Piles installation significantly reduces the zone of horizontal and vertical post-peak strains in the gateroad floor. The best variant among compared ones is a floor support scheme with two corner piles, 1 m and 2 m long. With this scheme, floor heave decreases by 3.05 times. The comparison of the materials costs of the floor support schemes were performed. As a result, the most effective floor support scheme was proposed and prospects for the further progress of floor reinforcing technologies were outlined.
Gestion intégrée des strongyloses digestives dans une perspective de transition agroécologique des systèmes d’élevage de petits ruminants
Authors: Jacquiet Philippe , Petermann Julie , Bordes Léa , Grisez Christelle , Jouffroy Sophie
Published: May 2024

La gestion intégrée de la santé animale est un des principes de la transition agroécologique des élevages. Chez les petits ruminants au pâturage, le contrôle des strongyloses digestives a trop longtemps reposé sur la seule administration, régulière et systématique, de molécules anthelminthiques. Cette stratégie conduit à une impasse en raison du développement extrêmement rapide des multirésistances des parasites à ces molécules et parce qu’une partie d’entre elles présente une écotoxicité de mieux en mieux connue et reconnue. Dès lors, il faut 1) traiter de façon plus rationnelle (savoir quand traiter, qui traiter, avec quoi traiter), 2) prévenir les situations à risque par une gestion novatrice du pâturage (pâturage cellulaire, pâturage mixte bovin-ovin, 3) renforcer la résistance et/ou la résilience des animaux par la sélection génétique ou l’alimentation. Le vétérinaire praticien est le premier pilote des traitements raisonnés, mais il peut également jouer un rôle important dans la prévention des situations à risque et dans le renforcement des capacités de résistance et de résilience des animaux. Le lien vétérinaireéleveur est fondamental pour initier une transition agroécologique des élevages.
Datennutzende Medizin, Datengetriebene Diabetestechnologie
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Sahm Claudia
Published: May 2024

Per Definition sind Daten gewonnene Zahlenwerte auf Grundlage von Beobachtungen, Messungen, statistischen Erhebungen, Auswertungen usw. Sie sind der Versuch, die sich dabei ergebenden Fakten in nachvollziehbare, durch Zahlenwerte ausdrückbare Größen umzuwandeln. Damit lassen sich technische Geräte, aber auch der Gesundheitszustand von Menschen beschreiben, letzteres sicher bei weitem nicht vollständig. Im medizinischen Kontext verifizieren Daten also Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen des medizinischen Personals in Bezug auf die Behandlung der Patienten. Gleichfalls betrifft dies auch die Patienten selbst bezüglich ihrer eigenen Befindlichkeit, beschreiben die Daten doch den Gesundheitsstatus und den Erfolg einer bestehenden Therapie. Die steigende Vielfalt von Parametern aus Messungen, zum Therapieverlauf sowie zusätzliche Eingaben der Patienten erfordern aber eine schnelle Analyse und übersichtliche Darstellung, wofür eine gut handhabbare Software notwendig ist. Dieser Zugang zur Digitalisierung erweitert die Möglichkeiten für die Entwicklung von Therapiemanagementsystemen, Clinical Decision Support Systemen und Patient Decision Support Systemen. Im folgenden Überblick wird darauf eingegangen.
Labordiagnostik von Fettstoffwechselstörungen
Authors: März Winfried , Scharnagl Hubert , Kleber Marcus , Silbernagel Günther , Nauck Matthias , Müller-Wieland Dirk , von Eckardstein Arnold
Published: May 2024

Fettstoffwechselstörungen zeigen häufig keine klinischen Symptome, einzig Hauterscheinungen können auf einen gestörten Fettstoffwechsel hinweisen. Daher sind weitreichende Laboruntersuchungen für die Diagnostik ausschlaggebend. Dieser Artikel zeigt die basisdiagnostischen Möglichkeiten zur Verifizierung einer Fettstoffwechselstörung auf, befasst sich mit ergänzenden Laboruntersuchungen und nennt therapeutische Zielgrößen.
Low Concentration of Lipoprotein(a) is an Independent Predictor of
Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Zhang Guanzhao , Nie Zifan , Guan Xiangfeng , Sun Tingting , Jin Xiaodong , Li Bo
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the association between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]
concentration and incident type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis of qualified studies
on the relationship of low levels of Lp(a) concentration with incident type 2
diabetes was conducted. PubMed and Cochrane libraries were searched for
randomized controlled trials containing data on events. Seven randomized trials
with 227178 subjects were included in this analysis. We found an inverse
association of the levels of Lp(a) concentration with risk of type 2 diabetes
with approximately 37% lower relative risk in the group with the highest
concentration compared with group with the lowest concentration. The current
available evidence from prospective studies suggests that there is an inverse
association between the levels of Lp(a) concentration and risk of type 2
diabetes, with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes at low levels of Lp(a)
concentration. Therefore, we believe that the low levels of Lp(a) concentration
is an independent predictor of incident type 2 diabetes.
The Nasal Locator: An Innovative Instrument to Define the Exact Point of Osteotomy in Preservation or Structural Rhinoplasty
Authors: Mireas George
Published: May 2024

One of the most common components of most dorsal preservation (DP) techniques is subdorsal septal excision. Whatever the instrument used for this procedure (piezoelectric, Rongeur, or long scissors), it is paramount to be able to determine the exact subdorsal point (SDoP) at which the osteotomy/ostectomy (or cartilage cut) has been reached. First, to avoid any unnecessary extension of the osteotomy that increases the risk of fracture spreading into the cribriform plate and a consequent cerebrospinal fluid leak; second, to be sure that the subdorsal cut is high enough and can be combined/unified with the planned radix osteotomy.

In addition, transverse osteotomies are usually necessary in both preservation and structural rhinoplasties. Even though many surgeons are satisfied with their osteotomy lines, it sometimes proves difficult to be sure of their position, especially during a DP rhinoplasty when both the transverse lines have to go in the direction of the planned radix osteotomy.

We have developed the Nasal Locator (NL) to precisely define various nasal points of interest, such as a subdorsal cut (cartilaginous or bony), or a transverse or medial osteotomy line. It ends in two tips. The lower tip is placed at the point we wish to determine (e.g., SDoP or a transverse osteotomy), while the upper tip is fixed a certain distance from it (in all three dimensions), showing its exact location.

Our in-depth research of the literature and the market has not revealed any device similar in form and function to the NL.

We have been using the NL for almost 2 years and are confident of its usefulness. It is easy to use, and practically no time is needed to become familiar with it. During surgery, it is needed for less than 30 seconds and is risk-free. It is fully sterilizable and can be used repeatedly.
Excessive Blood Pressure Rise and Cardiovascular Remodeling in
Marathon Runners
Authors: Gwag Hye Bin , Kim Young-Joo , Park Kyoung-Min
Published: May 2024

Exercise-induced hypertension (EIH) is thought to be associated with increased
cardiovascular (CV) risks. However, no previous studies have investigated the
effects of EIH on CV systems in marathon runners without CV risk factors using
both 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring and exercise stress
echocardiography (ESE). This study firstly described differences in CV
adaptations according to EIH assessed by both exams. Marathon runners between 35
and 64 years of age without CV risk factors were eligible. All the participants
underwent both 24-hr ambulatory BP monitoring and ESE. EIH was defined as a
maximal exercise systolic BP≥210 mmHg. The EIH group (n=19) had shorter training
history and higher exercise intensity compared to the non-EIH group (n=23). The
average systolic BP was higher in the EIH group than in the non-EIH group. Left
cardiac chamber size and left ventricular mass (LVM) were also higher in the EIH
group compared to the non-EIH group. Maximal BP during ESE was positively
correlated with both parameters. Exaggerated BP response during exercise needs
to be monitored for pre-emptive measurements before it results in progressive
cardiovascular maladaptation.
Exploring textual–visual strategies in internet-based light food advertising: a study of Taobao advertisements in China
Authors: Yong Qian , Rao Xiaoqin
Published: May 2024

Amidst global health concerns such as COVID-19 and rising obesity rates, the connection between food choices, societal well-being, and cultural shifts has gained attention. In China, the rise of “light food” consumption on platforms like Taobao reflects a growing trend towards health-conscious dietary preferences. With a dataset comprising 633 images and 45,817 words, condensed into 50 images for analysis, this research aims to understand how these advertisements influence perceptions of healthiness and desirability, and whether there is a discrepancy between advertised health benefits and actual nutritional content. This study delves into the advertising strategies employed for light food products on the Taobao platform in China, utilizing a Textual–Visual Thematic Analysis (TVTA) framework. Noteworthy findings include: (1) Internet-based light food advertising adopts a dual textual and visual approach. (2) Identification of prevalent multimodal devices, such as medium shots, varied camera angles, vibrant colors, and large size. (3) Uncovering inconsistencies in presentation that may pose potential consumer misperceptions. These discoveries underscore the nuanced landscape of light food advertising, offering valuable insights for both academia and industry.
Potential of increasing yield of spring Brassica napus canola by using Brassica rapa gene pool with emphasis on yellow sarson
Authors: Kebede Berisso , Habibi Gholamreza , Rahman Habibur
Published: May 2024

Context Broadening the genetic base of canola (Brassica napus) is needed to develop improved hybrid cultivars. Wide genetic diversity is present in its parental species B. rapa and B. oleracea. In the case of B. rapa, the yellow sarson type from Asia is genetically distinct from all other types. Aims The objective of this research was to investigate the prospect of using yellow sarson to improve the performance of hybrid canola cultivars. Methods Inbred B. napus canola lines derived from an B. napus × B. rapa interspecific cross, and their F1 hybrids with the B. napus parent, as a tester, were compared on agronomic and seed quality traits; the inbreds were also evaluated for genetic diversity by using molecular markers. Key results Seed yield of the hybrids was significantly greater than the inbreds and the B. napus parent and exhibited more than 15% mid-parent heterosis (MPH). Genetic diversity did not show significant correlation with seed yield in the inbred population; however, it showed a positive correlation with MPH. Inbred yield as well as MPH showed a positive correlation with hybrid yield. For other traits, the performance of the inbreds showed a significant positive correlation with the performance of the hybrids; the average MPH for these traits was low or close to zero. Conclusions The yellow sarson gene pool showed great potential for use in the breeding of hybrid canola. Implications The knowledge gained and germplasm developed from this research can be used by breeders and researchers to develop improved canola cultivars.
Mandarin posture verbs
Authors: Newman John , Zhang Ying
Published: May 2024

Posture verbs have attracted considerable interest within Cognitive Linguistics. This study continues this line of
research by investigating usage-based patterns associated with these verbs when used in their literal posture senses. The data for
the study comes from the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese and the CALLHOME Mandarin Corpus. We investigate the frequencies and
distributions of the Mandarin posture verbs 坐 zuò ‘sit’, 站 zhàn ‘stand’, and 躺 tǎng ‘lie’ in four construction types: directional constructions, aspectual
suffixes, serial verb constructions, and locative constructions. The analysis confirms the primacy of zuò, zhàn,
and tǎng and, among other results, reveals a significant absence of locative phrases with the dynamic forms of
the verbs as used with directionals.
Dialectal distinctions in Plngawan Atayal
Authors: Goderich Andre
Published: May 2024

Plngawan Atayal can be subdivided into two varieties: Sami’uɹ and Macagis. This subdialectal distinction went
mostly unnoticed in linguistic publications barring a short mention by Chen (2012).
Despite living in the same village since 1938, elderly speakers of both varieties have retained a number of unique phonological
features. These features not only allow us to distinguish contemporary varieties, but also let us identify data from older
publications. An examination of works by Ferrell (1969) and Li (1981, 1985) has revealed a prevalence of Sami’uɹ data, with a
small number of Macagis lexemes.
The moral grammar of marriage rules
Authors: Jones Doug
Published: May 2024

According to theories of “moral grammar,” judgments of what is wrong or right – like judgments of what is
ungrammatical or grammatical – are guided by implicit, often unconscious rules. An ideal test case for exploring the parallels
between moral rules and language rules is the moral regulation of mating in relation to kinship. Here I argue that combinatorial
variation in both kin terminologies and marriage rules results from the operation of a grammar faculty, which juggles tradeoffs
between conflicting constraints according to the principles of “Optimality Theory.” This works to produce kinship grammars,
input-output systems that map some kin types onto others via mergers and reductions. This in turn can yield marriage rules. If a
kin type maps onto a close consanguine, this corresponds to a marriage proscription. If a kin type maps onto a close affine, this
corresponds to a marriage prescription/preference. I analyze both elementary structures of kinship (where cross kin are prescribed
spouses, and parallel kin are proscribed; e.g. Dravidian southern India) and complex structures (where kin are divided into an
unmarriageable core and a marriageable periphery, and affines are sometimes tabooed because they are equated with close
consanguines; e.g. Jane Austen’s England). Rather than treating social organization as the source of mental categories, this
analysis starts with the machinery of categorization and shows how it spontaneously generates marriage rules. The result is an
updating of structuralism in light of cognitive science: moral codes vary within limits set by fundamental structures of the human
mind.
Radiotherapy and immunology
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Lynch Connor , Pitroda Sean P. , Piffkó András , Yang Kaiting , Huser Amy K. , Liang Hua Laura , Weichselbaum Ralph R.
Published: May 2024

The majority of cancer patients receive radiotherapy during the course of treatment, delivered with curative intent for local tumor control or as part of a multimodality regimen aimed at eliminating distant metastasis. A major focus of research has been DNA damage; however, in the past two decades, emphasis has shifted to the important role the immune system plays in radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor effects. Radiotherapy reprograms the tumor microenvironment, triggering DNA and RNA sensing cascades that activate innate immunity and ultimately enhance adaptive immunity. In opposition, radiotherapy also induces suppression of anti-tumor immunity, including recruitment of regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and suppressive macrophages. The balance of pro- and anti-tumor immunity is regulated in part by radiotherapy-induced chemokines and cytokines. Microbiota can also influence radiotherapy outcomes and is under clinical investigation. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and CTLA-4 has been extensively investigated in combination with radiotherapy; we include a review of clinical trials involving inhibition of these immune checkpoints and radiotherapy.
Controlling stick–slip in low-speed motion with a lifting force of magnetic fluid
Authors: Hu Lulu , Ma Chenbo , Dai Qinqwen , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei
Published: May 2024

Stick–slip is a standard friction-induced self-excited vibration that usually occurs in the boundary or mixed lubrication regimes. Broadening of the hydrodynamic lubrication regime is conducive to suppressing stick–slip motion. In this paper, the load carrying capacity of a magnetic fluid (MF) film in the presence of a magnetic field is derived based on the modified Reynolds equation. An additional lifting force produced by MF under the magnet was applied between the tribopairs to achieve the full fluid lubrication. Thus, the stick–slip is expected to be inhibited in a lower speed scope. The effect of magnet thickness on the lifting force is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Special attention is given to the influence of the lifting force on the friction and the critical transition speed of the hydrodynamic lubrication regime. Results demonstrate that the lifting force increases with the increment of the magnet thickness. The presence of the additional lifting force expands the hydrodynamic lubrication and makes the critical transition speed move left, as shown by the friction transitions on the Stribeck curve. Therefore, stick–slip motion can be suppressed at a lower sliding speed. Such beneficial effects are more pronounced in thicker magnets. It can be confirmed that, so long as the lifting force is higher than the normal load, the friction will invariably operate in the full film lubrication and the stick-slip motion may be eliminated theoretically.
Ultra-narrow dual-band perfect absorber based on double-slotted silicon nanodisk arrays
Authors: Yang Can , Luo Minghe , Ju Xiongwu , Hu Jinyong
Published: May 2024

Due to its unique advantage of optical properties, nanophotonic metamaterials have gained extensive applications in perfect absorbers. However, achieving both dual-band and ultra-narrow linewidth in absorbers simultaneously remains a challenge for typical metal-dielectric based metamaterials. In this work, a dual-band ultra-narrow perfect absorber consisting of a double slotted silicon nanodisk array that located on a silver film with a silica spacer layer is proposed theoretically. By combining the hybrid mode excited by the coupling of diffraction wave mode and magnetic dipole mode with the anapole–anapole interaction, two absorption peaks can be induced in the near-infrared regime, achieving nearly perfect absorbance of 99.31% and 99.61%, with ultra-narrow linewidths of 1.92 nm and 1.25 nm respectively. In addition, the dual-band absorption characteristics can be regulated by changing the structural parameters of the as-proposed metamaterials. The as-designed metamaterials can be employed as efficient two-channel refractive index sensors, with sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of 288 nm RIU−1 and 150 RIU−1 for the first band, and sensitivity and FOM of up to 204 nm RIU−1 and 163.2 RIU−1 for the second band. This work not only opens up a new design idea for the realization of dual-band perfect absorber synchronously with ultra-narrow linewidth, but also provides potential attractive candidates for developing dual-frequency channel sensors.
Self-consistent calculation of the optical emission spectrum of an argon capacitively coupled plasma based on the coupling of particle simulation with a collisional-radiative model
Authors: Donkó Zoltán , Tsankov Tsanko V , Hartmann Peter , Jenina Arellano Fatima , Czarnetzki Uwe , Hamaguchi Satoshi
Published: May 2024

We report the development of a computational framework for the calculation of the optical emission spectrum of a low-pressure argon capacitively coupled plasma (CCP), which is based on the coupling of a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulation code with a diffusion-reaction-radiation code for Ar I excited levels. In this framework, the particle simulation provides the rates of the direct and stepwise electron-impact excitation and electron-impact de-excitation for 30 excited levels, as well as the rates of electron-impact direct and stepwise ionization. These rates are used in the solutions of the diffusion equations of the excited species in the second code, along with the radiative rates for a high number of Ar-I transitions. The calculations also consider pooling ionization, quenching reactions, and radial diffusion losses. The electron energy distribution function and the population densities of the 30 excited atomic levels are computed self-consistently. The calculations then provide the emission intensities that reproduce reasonably well the experimentally measured optical emission spectrum of a symmetric CCP source operated at 13.56 MHz with 300 V peak-to-peak voltage, in the 2–100 Pa pressure range. The accuracy of the approach appears to be limited by the one-dimensional nature of the model, the treatment of the radiation trapping through the use of escape factors, and the effects of radiative cascades from higher excited levels not taken into account in the model.
Drilling errors compensation of industrial robot based on 3D passive scale tracker
Authors: Lou Zhifeng , Zhou Jingjie , Zhang Jiyun , E Yunliang , Li Weifeng , Fan Kuang-Chao
Published: May 2024

In order to increase the machining accuracy of industrial robots, a drilling system based on a 3D passive scale tracker (3DPST) and Epson industrial robot was established. The real-time positioning errors of the robot were measured by 3DPST, and the orientation errors were analyzed according to position coordinates on a circular path. Therefore, the 6-DOF pose errors of the robot were measured. Building upon this foundation, a cyclic compensation method for robot pose errors was proposed. This method prioritizes the compensation of orientation errors followed by the compensation of positioning errors. Robot circular path tests and drilling experiments of aluminum alloy and plexiglass materials are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the error measurement compensation method. The results of coordinate measuring machine measurements indicate that, after robot error compensation, the machining accuracy of the machined holes in both materials is significantly improved. The positioning errors of the machined holes for aluminum alloy decreases from the range of 1.188–1.576 mm to 0.154–0.215 mm, while for plexiglass, it decreases from 1.226–1.437 mm to 0.132–0.183 mm.
An adaptive mesh scheme of the lattice spring model based on geometrical continuity
Authors: Ye Bo , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders , Jettestuen Espen
Published: May 2024

An adaptive mesh scheme is introduced for the lattice spring model (LSM), where the original triangular cells are subdivided into a set of smaller triangular cells. The scheme is based on geometrical continuity at the heterogeneous mesh boundary, where the refined grid cells intersect the original cell edge. The LSM simulations on the refined grid show a superior computational efficiency to the uniform grid. Each subdivision reduces the original cell edges by a factor of two. The refinement procedure was recursively applied ten times before any marked loss in accuracy was observed. The accuracy of the adaptive model is on par with a regular grid approach. More specifically, the characteristics of fracture cavity are comparable with a uniform grid of the same mesh density as the smallest cells in the adaptive approach. The fracture criterion such as J-integral, the elastic energy of the grid and potential energy change due to fracture growth and strain loading agree well with the theory of a mode I fracture, which enables simulations of process such as sub-critical fracture with a wide dynamic range.
Some interesting birational morphisms of smooth affine quadric 3-folds
*
Authors: Bisi Cinzia , Hauenstein Jonathan D , Trung Truong Tuyen
Published: May 2024

We study a family of birational maps of smooth affine quadric 3-folds, over the complex numbers, of the form

x
1

x
4

−

x
2

x
3

=

constant, which seems to have some (among many others) interesting/unexpected characters: (a) they are cohomologically hyperbolic, (b) their second dynamical degree is an algebraic number but not an algebraic integer, and (c) the logarithmic growth of their periodic points is strictly smaller than their algebraic entropy. These maps are restrictions of a polynomial map on

C

4

preserving each of the quadrics. The study in this paper is a mixture of rigorous and experimental ones, where for the experimental study we rely on Bertini which is a reliable and fast software for expensive numerical calculations in complex algebraic geometry.
Physical measures for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with mixed hyperbolicity
*
Authors: Cao Yongluo , Mi Zeya , Yang Jiagang
Published: May 2024

We study the partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms whose centre direction admits the u-definite property in the sense that all the central Lyapunov exponents of each ergodic Gibbs u-state are either all positive or all negative. We prove that for this kind of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, there are finitely many physical measures, whose basins cover a full Lebesgue measure subset of the ambient space. We also provide examples of diffeomorphisms whose centres are u-definite, where the supports of different ergodic Gibbs u-states have nontrivial intersections.
Analysing the acoustic Doppler effect using an Arduino sensor
Authors: Phayphung Wissarut , Prasitpong Singha , Rakkapao Suttida
Published: May 2024

The article presents an experiment for studying the Doppler effect using the Arduino sensor integrated with LabVIEW to detect the frequency of the rotating sound source. A mobile phone application is used as a sound generator emitting 500–1100 Hz frequencies and rotated in a uniform circular motion. The Arduino sound sensor is affixed at rest, acting as a listener to observe the frequency of the mobile phone moving toward and away from it. This experiment can express a significant concept of the Doppler effect concerning a shift in the observed frequency of a sound wave when the sound source moves relative to the observer. Moreover, students can interpret a graph and calculate the tangential speed of the rotating mobile phone.
RLab Calorimetry: an internet-enabled calorimeter using Arduino for local or remote lab activities
Authors: Leitão Ulisses Azevedo
Published: May 2024

This study presents an internet-connected calorimeter allowing both face-to-face and online laboratory activities. This device aims to create an environment that facilitates enquiry-based teaching strategies. There are three ways to access the device: (i) remotely via the web (WAN—Wide Area Network), locally (ii) through the local network (LAN—Local Area Network), or (iii) as a stand-alone device. It was designed with a client-server structure and utilised the Flask framework in Python. The instrument consists of two isolated containers (calorimeters), allowing for investigative activities that include comparing two liquid samples. The system was built using low-cost components based on the Arduino platform. Unlike virtual laboratories, measurements are performed on real devices. We present the results of direct electrical heating for a short time and record the temperature step of the samples. This straightforward method has proven to be suitable as a learning activity because of its conceptual clarity and effectiveness in teaching and learning. The use of a mechanical stirrer to homogenise the temperature of the liquids is crucial for obtaining high-quality experimental results. The system described in this paper is part of ‘RLab project’, an initiative to develop a platform for remote Experimental Physics Activities in Physics Teaching for public schools in Brazil. This experimental setup can be highly beneficial for implementing an experimental learning methodology, especially in the case of—but not restricted to—distance learning.
Trajectory of the Moon around the Sun
Authors: Rovšek Barbara
Published: May 2024

Assigning students the seemingly simple task of drawing the Moon’s trajectory in the heliocentric system can ignite a profound discussion about the intricacies of the trajectory. This article presents a diverse set of plots depicting suggested trajectories, alongside a detailed discussion of their differences and the implications of various details. The provided reasoning exemplifies analytical thinking, showcasing how even a small dataset enables us to dismiss certain suggested trajectories (hypotheses).
LDSG-Net: an efficient lightweight convolutional neural network for acute hypotensive episode prediction during ICU hospitalization
Authors: Liu Longfei , Hang Yujie , Chen Rongqin , He Xianliang , Jin Xingliang , Wu Dan , Li Ye
Published: May 2024

Objective. Acute hypotension episode (AHE) is one of the most critical complications in intensive care unit (ICU). A timely and precise AHE prediction system can provide clinicians with sufficient time to respond with proper therapeutic measures, playing a crucial role in saving patients’ lives. Recent studies have focused on utilizing more complex models to improve predictive performance. However, these models are not suitable for clinical application due to limited computing resources for bedside monitors. Approach. To address this challenge, we propose an efficient lightweight dilated shuffle group network. It effectively incorporates shuffling operations into grouped convolutions on the channel and dilated convolutions on the temporal dimension, enhancing global and local feature extraction while reducing computational load. Main results. Our benchmarking experiments on the MIMIC-III and VitalDB datasets, comprising 6036 samples from 1304 patients and 2958 samples from 1047 patients, respectively, demonstrate that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art lightweight CNNs in terms of balancing parameters and computational complexity. Additionally, we discovered that the utilization of multiple physiological signals significantly improves the performance of AHE prediction. External validation on the MIMIC-IV dataset confirmed our findings, with prediction accuracy for AHE 5 min prior reaching 93.04% and 92.04% on the MIMIC-III and VitalDB datasets, respectively, and 89.47% in external verification. Significance. Our study demonstrates the potential of lightweight CNN architectures in clinical applications, providing a promising solution for real-time AHE prediction under resource constraints in ICU settings, thereby marking a significant step forward in improving patient care.
Towards minimal self-testing of qubit states and measurements in prepare-and-measure scenarios
Authors: Drótos Gábor , Pál Károly F , Taoutioui Abdelmalek , Vértesi Tamás
Published: May 2024

Self-testing is a promising approach to certifying quantum states or measurements. Originally, it relied solely on the outcome statistics of the measurements involved in a device-independent (DI) setup. Extra physical assumptions about the system make the setup semi-DI. In the latter approach, we consider a prepare-and-measure scenario in which the dimension of the mediating particle is assumed to be two. In a setup involving four (three) preparations and three (two) projective measurements in addition to the target, we exemplify how to self-test any four- (three-) outcome extremal positive operator-valued measure using a linear witness. One of our constructions also achieves self-testing of any number of states with the help of as many projective measurements as the dimensionality of the space spanned by the corresponding Bloch vectors. These constructions are conjectured to be minimal in terms of the number of preparations and measurements required. In addition, we implement one of our prepare-and-measure constructionson IBM and IonQ quantum processors and certify the existence of a complex qubit Hilbert space based on the data obtained from these experiments.
Implementation of a motion planning technique for a low-frequency piezo-actuated inchworm drive
Authors: Dsouza Vincent Linish , Muralidhara  , Jain Nirmith
Published: May 2024

A novel piezoelectric inchworm drive capable of long-range motion has been designed, fabricated, and tested in this research work. To control the motion of the inchworm drive, trajectory planning has been proposed. The trajectory planning ensures that the inchworm drive achieves smooth and continuous motion with high accuracy. Two trajectory planning methods were incorporated for the developed inchworm drive: a linear function with a parabolic blend trajectory and a cubic polynomial trajectory. Simulations for both the cubic polynomial and trapezoidal trajectories were conducted, with the estimated displacement results closely verified through experimental validation. The fabricated inchworm drive is tested for varying input voltages and frequencies. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed piezoactuated Inchworm drive can achieve substantial displacement, constrained only by the linear slide’s length. When an input signal of 150 V peak to peak and frequency of 10 Hz is applied to the inchworm drive, it was capable of moving at a speed of 1425 μm/s. When incorporating trajectory planning for the Inchworm drive the experimental results show that the maximum percentage error for the trapezoidal motion profile is 1.56% and the cubic polynomial profile trajectory is within 1% for the corresponding target position for a travel range of 25 mm of the inchworm drive.
Molecular docking of nano Zn capped by rhamnolipids
Authors: Rahale C Sharmila , Solomon R Vijay
Published: May 2024

Rhamnolipids has been used as capping agent for ZnO nanoparticles to improving the plant micronutrition. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method, and the prepared nanoparticles were capped with Rhamnolipids. The structural, morphological, optical, and particle stability characteristics of the chelated ZnO nanoparticles were investigated. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to investigate the optical properties of ZnO and Rhamnolipids capped ZnO nanoparticles. The stability of Rhamnolipids capped ZnO nanoparticles is higher (38.45 mV) than that of ZnO nanoparticles alone (32.3 mV). The Zn mineral nutrition in plants is improved by Rhamnolipids capped ZnO nanoparticles. In order to get a broad understanding of the binding of capped ZnO nanoparticles, a detailed molecular docking analysis was taken up. Molecular docking analysis reveals that the binding of Zn atom to LasI protein receptor has more neighboring group amino acid residues and greater binding affinity than the binding to LasR receptor.
Machine learning-enabled characterization of concrete mechanical strength through correlation of flexural and torsional resonance frequencies
Authors: Bai Li , Samavatian Majid , Samavatian Vahid
Published: May 2024

In this study, an assessment of concrete compressive strength was conducted using an impulse excitation data-driven machine learning (ML) framework. The model was constructed upon a deep neural network and aided by the backpropagation method, ensuring a precise training process. In contrast to prior research, which mainly focused on mixture components, a meaningful relationship between physical parameters—resonant frequencies and elastic moduli—and compressive strength was established by our ML model. Remarkable performance was demonstrated, with a root mean square error value of 2.8MPa and a determination factor of 0.97. Through Pearson analysis, correlations between input features and output targets, ranging from −0.29 to 0.90, were revealed. Notably, the strongest correlations with compressive strength were found in Young's and shear moduli, derived from flexural and torsional frequencies, highlighting the pivotal role of dynamic elastic response in concrete's mechanical behavior. Furthermore, the findings indicated slight prediction deviations in cases involving samples with a high Poisson's ratio. This work illuminates the potential for accurate compressive strength prediction by leveraging concrete's dynamic response, particularly flexural and torsional modes, thereby opening avenues for research into concrete compressive strength without direct consideration of sample ingredients.
Stochastic approach to a delayed in-host model of DENV transmission
Authors: Modak Bikash , P Muthu
Published: May 2024

Motivation. The immune response to the viral transmission experiences delays due to diverse biological factors and is affected by several factors. These include infection rate, rate of apoptosis and impact of the antibody-virus complex which exhibit unpredictable nature in a random environment. Objective. The main goal is to examine the impact of noise terms, introduced into every state variable, on a delayed in-host model of viral transmission. Methodology. To determine the intensity fluctuations and variances of all concerned state variables in the stochastic delayed model, which includes a constant delay and Gaussian white noise, the Fourier transformation method is employed. Results and Conclusions. The limiting value of the delay parameter is derived explicitly as well as numerically. The system experiences Hopf bifurcation, whenever the delay parameter crosses the limiting value which is shown graphically. The intensities and variances of different cells and virus populations are derived and the values are computed numerically. As the delay increases, the level of viremia decreases while other parameters maintain fixed values. The outcomes of data sensitivity, shown in graphical form, indicate that the transmission rate and supply rate of viruses are highly sensitive. Our findings suggest that the presence of noise causes fluctuations in the delayed model, leading to a noticeable impact on the transmission of the virus.
Capacitance-based structural self-sensing of stress: effect of water/cement
Authors: Ozturk Murat
Published: May 2024

The compressive stress self-sensing properties of mortars with different water-cement ratios are investigated without the need for any conductive additives. Mortar specimens are cyclically loaded and the corresponding capacitance and resistance are measured. The aluminum foil that is used as the electrode is wrapped around the prismatic sample. A coplanar configuration of electrodes is used. Capacitance and resistance increase with increasing water/cement (W/C) ratio. Stress causes decrease in capacitance and increase in resistance. The relationship between stress and fractional capacitance-resistance (except for the sample with 0.30 W C−1 ratio) change is reasonably consistent. The effectiveness of stress sensing (the fractional change in capacitance-resistance per unit of stress) decreases monotonically as the maximum stress increases, regardless of the W/C ratio. It is found that the dependence of the effectiveness of the stress sensing on the W/C ratio decreases with an increase in the maximum stress.