bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double‐sided entire papilla preservation technique in the combination periodontal regenerative therapy: A case report
Authors: Ogawa Yudai , Yoshikawa Kouki , Ishikawa Tomohiro , Saito Atsushi , Imamura Kentaro
Published: July 2023

Background

With the entire papilla preservation (EPP) technique, it is possible to perform regenerative therapy without incisions in the interdental papilla and to reduce the risk of papillary rupture. However, one limitation of the EPP is the sole access from the buccal side. Here, we present a case of periodontitis treated by the combination regenerative therapy employing the Double‐sided (buccal‐palatal) EPP (DEPP) technique, which adds a palatal vertical incision to the EPP.

Methods

A patient with 1–2 wall intrabony defects received the regenerative therapy using recombinant human fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF)‐2 and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap). Using the DEPP technique, vertical incisions at buccal and palatal aspects were placed to gain adequate access to the 1–2 wall intrabony defects between #11 and #12 without incision in the interdental papilla. After debridement, rhFGF‐2 and CO3Ap were applied to the defect. Periodontal clinical parameters and radiographic images were evaluated at the first visit, following initial periodontal therapy (baseline), 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results

Wound healing was uneventful. Scarring of the incision lines was minimal. At 12 months postoperatively, probing depth reduction was 4 mm, clinical attachment gain was 4 mm, and gingival recession was not observed. An improvement in radiopacity in the previous bone defect was observed.

Conclusion

The DEPP is an innovative technique that allows approaching from both the buccal and palatal sides while ensuring flap extensibility without compromising the interdental papilla. This report suggests that the combination of regenerative therapy with the DEPP may be promising in the treatment of intrabony defects.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

The DEPP allows a direct visual approach to a 1–2 wall intrabony defect extending from the buccal to palatal sides, and increases flap extensibility, without compromising the papilla.

What are the keys to the successful management of this case?

Assessment of three‐dimensional bone defect morphology is required. Computed tomography images are very useful. The flap elevation just under the interdental papilla should be carefully performed with a small excavator to avoid damage to the interdental papilla.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Despite the addition of a palatal incision, it was not possible to obtain complete flexibility of the palatal gingiva. Caution must be taken in a case in which the distance between the interdental papilla is narrow. Even if the interdental papilla is ruptured during the operation, recovery is possible by continuing the operation and suturing the rupture at the end.
I am a burden! The self‐stigmatising role of burden beliefs in the relation between negative experiences related to health problems and mental well‐being outcomes
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios , Klaas Hannah S. , Spini Dario
Published: July 2023

It has been suggested that liberal values such as lack of autonomy and burden discourses shape the public's relation and stigma towards people with health problems. However, previous research on the role of such values for one's well‐being is scarce. We investigated whether the perception of being a burden mediates the impact of stigma and negative life experiences on life satisfaction and health satisfaction. Our sample, drawn from a subsample of the Swiss Household Panel survey, consisted of 156 individuals reporting a mental health problem (67.9% women, Mage = 49.9) and 283 individuals reporting a physical health problem (61.5% women, Mage = 53.6). We tested a model where perceived burden, measured with three items drawn from the Acceptance of Illness Scale, mediates the impact of perceived stigma and negative social experiences on life satisfaction and health satisfaction. Analysis of direct and indirect paths provide partial evidence for our hypothesis and the model showed a good fit to the data both for persons with a mental health problem and for persons with a physical health problem. However, given the correlational nature of our data and the acceptable fit of alternative mediational models, we propose that these rather inconclusive results invite for the development of further research regarding the role of burden beliefs on stigma and well‐being. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
3‐Alkyl‐2‐Methoxypyrazines: Overview of Their Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Distribution in Edible Plants
Authors: Zamolo Francesca , Wüst Matthias
Published: July 2023

Pyrazines are ubiquitous in nature – biosynthesized by microorganisms, insects, and plants. Due to their great structural diversity, they own manifold biological functions. Alkyl‐ and alkoxypyrazines for instance play a key role as semiochemicals, but also as important aroma compounds in foods. Especially 3‐alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines (MPs) have been of great research interest. MPs are associated with green and earthy attributes. They are responsible for the distinctive aroma properties of numerous vegetables. Moreover, they have a strong influence on the aroma of wines, in which they are primarily grape‐derived. Over the years various methods have been developed and implemented to analyse the distribution of MPs in plants. In addition, the biosynthetic pathway of MPs has always been of particular interest. Different pathways and precursors have been proposed and controversially discussed in the literature. While the identification of genes encoding O‐methyltransferases gave important insights into the last step of MP‐biosynthesis, earlier biosynthetic steps and precursors remained unknown. It was not until 2022 that in vivo feeding experiments with stable isotope labeled compounds revealed l‐leucine and l‐serine as important precursors for IBMP. This discovery gave evidence for a metabolic interface between the MP‐biosynthesis and photorespiration.
Recent Status in Catalyst Modification Strategies for Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Meng Hao , Zhang Jian , Yang Yusen
Published: July 2023

Hydrogen as the most promising alternative energy vector to fossil stands out due to its highly energy density and zero pollution. Extending the hydrogen feedstock from hydrocarbons (e. g., methane) to biomass derived oxygen‐containing compounds (CH3OH, C2H5OH etc.) provides the opportunity for low environmental pollution as well as a promising sustainable energy economy. Recently, ethanol with less toxic and high calorific value than traditional fossil energy (coal, oil and natural gas) has garnered significant attention for ethanol steam reforming (ESR) to produce hydrogen, a key component in fuel cell cogeneration system. This paper reviews recent advances on the catalyst developing strategies including structural constitution control, oxide supports modification, surface topography control and bimetallic interactions, and further discusses the catalytic mechanisms, anti‐carbon deposition and sintering resistance strategies on the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) processes. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies for the development of high‐performance catalysts in terms of fundamental research have been discussed.
Influence of preparation parameters on the properties of SiC abrasive stones and their applications
Authors: Hanna S. B. , Ajiba N. A. , Mansour T. S.
Published: July 2023

The preparation of highly efficient and low cost abrasive stones has gained considerable interest in the last few years from the industrial and academic research societies. Meanwhile, composition of such abrasive stones material has played a significant role on its physicochemical, mechanical properties and cost. In this work, series of magnesium oxychloride cement samples were prepared by adding MgCl2 solutions to magnesia, where H2O/MgCl2 was 13:1, 15:1, and 17:1, while MgO/ MgCl2 molar ratio was fixed at 7:1 for all samples. During mixing, two grades of SiC were added separately in proportions of 20, 25, and 30 mass percentage. A comprehensive characterization including bulk density, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and polishing performance were carried out to the prepared composites samples. This was followed by studying their mineral composition and the possible use in grinding and polishing processes of marble slabs. Interestingly, the obtained characterization results demonstrated that among the different prepared composite materials, 25 mass percent SiC‐containing samples showed the best physicochemical and mechanical properties. Notably, the degree of fineness of SiC has affected the overall properties of SiC composite. When very fine SiC type was used and the water content was reduced, consequently, the samples bulk density and abrasion resistance increased. Phase 5 (5Mg(OH)2.MgCl2.8H2O) and silicon carbide, as the main phases with a minor amount of magnesia, were detected in the samples. From the economic point of view, the obtained result in our study is promising for its high performance‐low cost for grinding and polishing of marble slabs in the industrial fabrication.
Versatile Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Imines via Photoelectrochemical Catalysis: Application to N‐Terminal Modification of Phenylalanine
Authors: Chiang Chien‐Wei , Li Hung‐Li , Lin Ting‐Jun , Chen Hung‐Chi , Chou Yi‐Hsien , Chou Chih‐Ju
Published: July 2023

A strategy that combines electrochemical synthesis and photoredox catalysis was reported for the efficient synthesis of imines. This approach was demonstrated to be highly versatile in producing various types of imines, including symmetric and unsymmetric imines, by exploring the impact of different substituents on the benzene ring of the arylamine. Additionally, the method was specifically applied to modify N‐terminal phenylalanine residues and was found to be successful in the photoelectrochemical cross‐coupling reaction between NH2‐Phe‐OMe and aryl methylamines, leading to the synthesis of phenylalanine‐containing imines. Therefore, this technique would present a convenient and efficient platform for synthesizing imines, with promising applications in chemical biology, drug development, and organic synthesis.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Reactivity of Three‐Membered Strained Carbo‐ and Heterocycles
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Banerjee Nakshatra , Kumar Pankaj , Banerjee Prabal
Published: July 2023

Three‐membered carbocyclic and heterocyclic ring structures are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic synthesis with biological importance. Moreover, the inherent strain of these three‐membered rings leads to their ring‐opening functionalization through C‐>C, C‐>N, and C−O bond cleavage. Traditional synthesis and ring‐opening methods for these molecules require the use of acid catalysts or transition metals. Recently, electro‐organic synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool for initiating new chemical transformations. In this review, the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of electro‐mediated synthesis and ring‐opening functionalization of three‐membered carbo‐ and heterocycles are highlighted.
Facet‐Dependent Formation and Adhesion of Au Oxide and Nanoporous Au on Poly‐Oriented Au Single Crystals**
Authors: Artmann Evelyn , Schmider Tobias , Jacob Timo , Engstfeld Albert K.
Published: July 2023

Nanoporous Au (NPG) has different properties compared to bulk Au, making it an interesting material for numerous applications. To modify the structure of NPG films for specific applications, e. g., the porosity, thickness, and homogeneity of the films, a fundamental understanding of the structure formation is essential. Here, we focus on NPG prepared via electrochemical reduction from Au oxide formed during high voltage (HV) electrolysis on poly‐oriented Au single crystal (Au POSC) electrodes. These POSCs consist of a metal bead, with faces with different crystallographic orientations and allow screening of the influence of crystallographic orientation on the structure formation for different facets in one experiment. The HV electrolysis is performed between 100 ms and 30 s at 300 V and 540 V. The amount of Au oxide formed is determined by electrochemical measurements and the structural properties are investigated by scanning electron and optical microscopy. We show that the formation of Au oxide is mostly independent of the crystallographic orientation, except for thick layers, while the macroscopic structure of the NPG films depends on experimental parameters such as the Au oxide precursor thickness and the crystallographic orientation of the substrate. Possible reasons for the frequently observed exfoliation of the NPG films are discussed.
Infigratinib, a selective FGFR1‐3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alters dentoalveolar development at high doses
Authors: Michel Zachary D. , Aitken Sarah F. , Glover Omar D. , Alejandro Lucy O. , Randazzo Davide , Dambkowski Carl , Martin David , Collins Michael T. , Somerman Martha J. , Chu Emily Y.
Published: July 2023

Background

Fibroblast growth factor receptor‐3 (FGFR3) gain‐of‐function mutations are linked to achondroplasia. Infigratinib, a FGFR1‐3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improves skeletal growth in an achondroplasia mouse model. FGFs and their receptors have critical roles in developing teeth, yet effects of infigratinib on tooth development have not been assessed. Dentoalveolar and craniofacial phenotype of Wistar rats dosed with low (0.1 mg/kg) and high (1.0 mg/kg) dose infigratinib were evaluated using micro‐computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Mandibular third molars were reduced in size and exhibited aberrant crown and root morphology in 100% of female rats and 80% of male rats at high doses. FGFR3 and FGF18 immunolocalization and extracellular matrix protein expression were unaffected, but cathepsin K (CTSK) was altered by infigratinib. Cranial vault bones exhibited alterations in dimension, volume, and density that were more pronounced in females. In both sexes, interfrontal sutures were significantly more patent with high dose vs vehicle.

Conclusions

High dose infigratinib administered to rats during early stages affects dental and craniofacial development. Changes in CTSK from infigratinib in female rats suggest FGFR roles in bone homeostasis. While dental and craniofacial disruptions are not expected at therapeutic doses, our findings confirm the importance of dental monitoring in clinical studies.
Pain, mental health and healthcare utilization: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on youth with chronic pain, parents and siblings
Authors: Soltani Sabine , Killackey Tieghan , Birnie Kathryn A. , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Kopala‐Sibley Daniel C. , Choiniere Manon , Pagé M. Gabrielle , Dassieu Lise , Lacasse Anaïs , Lalloo Chitra , Poulin Patricia , Ingelmo Pablo , Ali Samina , Battaglia Marco , Campbell Fiona , Smith Andrew , Benayon Myles , Jordan Isabel , Marianayagam Justina , Harris Lauren , Mohabir Vina , Stinson Jennifer , Noel Melanie ,   the COVIDChildPain Team
Published: July 2023

Background

Paediatric chronic pain was a public health emergency before the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, and this problem is predicted to escalate. Pain tends to occur intergenerationally in families, and youth with chronic pain and their parents have high rates of mental health issues, which can further exacerbate pain. Siblings of youth with chronic pain have been largely overlooked in research, as well as the impact of the pandemic on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and healthcare utilization.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study examined pain, mental health and healthcare utilization in three groups: youth with chronic pain (n = 357), parents of youth with chronic pain (n = 233) and siblings of youth with chronic pain (n = 156) during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canada.

Results

More so than with pain symptoms, the results revealed high levels of mental health symptoms (i.e. anxiety, depressive, and PTSD), particularly in individuals more personally impacted by the pandemic. The largest effect was seen on PTSD symptoms for all groups. For parents with chronic pain, greater personal COVID‐19 impact was related to worse pain interference. Reported rates of healthcare utilization were strikingly high, with youth with chronic pain, parents (reporting on behalf of their children with chronic pain), and siblings of youth with chronic pain reporting that most consultations were due to pain.

Conclusions

Longitudinal research assessing these outcomes across continued waves of the pandemic is needed to ensure timely, tailored and equitable access to pain and mental health assessment and treatment.

Significance

This study examined pain, mental health, substance use and healthcare utilization in youth with chronic pain, siblings and parents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Greater personal impact of the pandemic was not largely associated with poorer pain outcomes; however, it was associated with mental health, with the largest effect on PTSD symptoms. The high rates and significant association of COVID‐19 impact with PTSD symptoms underscore the importance of including PTSD assessment as part of routine screening practices in pain clinics.
Agro‐morphological and nutritional assessment of chenopod and quinoa germplasm—Highly adaptable potential crops
Authors: Bhardwaj Rakesh , Yadav Rashmi , Vishwakarma Harinder , Sharma Kriti , Chandora Rahul , Rana Jai Chand , Riar Amritbir
Published: July 2023

Quinoa belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae, a pseudo‐grain having high nutritional value and is considered an underexploited vegetable crop with the potential to improve the nutritional security of millions. Therefore, assessing genetic diversity in Chenopodium germplasm to untap nutritional and site‐specific adaptation potential would be of prime importance for breeders/researchers. The present study used 10 accessions of two Chenopodium species, that is, C. quinoa and C. album. Quantitative and qualitative phenotypic traits, proximate composition, minerals, and amino acids profiles were studied to compare the differences in nutritional value and extent of genetic diversity between these two species. Our results showed significant variation existed in yield attributing agro‐morphological traits. All the traits were considered for hierarchical clustering and principal components analysis. Large genetic variability was observed in traits of Chenopodium accessions. The protein, dietary fiber, oil, and sugar content ranged from 16.6% to 19.7%, 16.8% to 26%, 3.54% to 8.46%, and 3.74% to 5.64%, respectively. The results showed that C. album and C. quinoa seeds had good nutritional value and health‐promoting benefits. The C. quinoa was slightly ahead of than C. album in terms of nutritional value, but C. album accession IC415477 was at par for higher test weight, seed yield (117.02 g/plant), and other nutritional parameters with C. quinoa accessions. IC415477 and other potential accessions observed in this study may be taken up by breeders/researchers in the near future to dissect nutritional value of Chenopodium and related species for dietary diversity, which is imperative for the nutritional security of the ever‐growing world's population.
Genetic landscape of homologous recombination repair genes in early‐onset/familial prostate cancer patients
Authors: Paulo Paula , Cardoso Marta , Brandão Andreia , Pinto Pedro , Falconi Ariane , Pinheiro Manuela , Cerveira Nuno , Silva Rui , Santos Catarina , Pinto Carla , Peixoto Ana , Maia Sofia , Teixeira Manuel R.
Published: July 2023

Prostate cancer (PrCa) is one of the three most frequent and deadliest cancers worldwide. The discovery of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of tumors with deleterious variants in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes has placed PrCa on the roadmap of precision medicine. However, the overall contribution of HRR genes to the 10%–20% of carcinomas arising in men with early‐onset/familial PrCa has not been fully clarified. We used targeted next‐generation sequencing (T‐NGS) covering eight HRR genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, NBN, PALB2, and RAD51C) and an analysis pipeline querying both small and large genomic variations to clarify their global and relative contribution to hereditary PrCa predisposition in a series of 462 early‐onset/familial PrCa cases. Deleterious variants were found in 3.9% of the patients, with CHEK2 and ATM being the most frequently mutated genes (38.9% and 22.2% of the carriers, respectively), followed by PALB2 and NBN (11.1% of the carriers, each), and finally by BRCA2, RAD51C, and BRIP1 (5.6% of the carriers, each). Using the same NGS data, exonic rearrangements were found in two patients, one pathogenic in BRCA2 and one of unknown significance in BRCA1. These results contribute to clarify the genetic heterogeneity that underlies PrCa predisposition in the early‐onset and familial disease, respectively.
Multi‐scale structural alterations of the thalamus and basal ganglia in focal epilepsy using 7T MRI
Authors: Haast Roy A. M. , Testud Benoit , Makhalova Julia , Dary Hugo , Cabane Alexandre , Le Troter Arnaud , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe , Bartolomei Fabrice , Guye Maxime
Published: July 2023

Focal epilepsy is characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures that originate from cortical epileptogenic zone networks (EZN). Analysis of intracerebral recordings showed that subcortical structures, and in particular the thalamus, play an important role in seizure dynamics as well, supporting their structural alterations reported in the neuroimaging literature. Nonetheless, between‐patient differences in EZN localization (e.g., temporal vs. non‐temporal lobe epilepsy) as well as extension (i.e., number of epileptogenic regions) might impact the magnitude as well as spatial distribution of subcortical structural changes. Here we used 7 Tesla MRI T1 data to provide an unprecedented description of subcortical morphological (volume, tissue deformation, and shape) and longitudinal relaxation (T1) changes in focal epilepsy patients and evaluate the impact of the EZN and other patient‐specific clinical features. Our results showed variable levels of atrophy across thalamic nuclei that appeared most prominent in the temporal lobe epilepsy group and the side ipsilateral to the EZN, while shortening of T1 was especially observed for the lateral thalamus. Multivariate analyses across thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia showed that volume acted as the dominant discriminator between patients and controls, while (posterolateral) thalamic T1 measures looked promising to further differentiate patients based on EZN localization. In particular, the observed differences in T1 changes between thalamic nuclei indicated differential involvement based on EZN localization. Finally, EZN extension was found to best explain the observed variability between patients. To conclude, this work revealed multi‐scale subcortical alterations in focal epilepsy as well as their dependence on several clinical characteristics.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Barraclough Allison , Hawkes Eliza , Sehn Laurie H. , Smith Sonali M.
Published: July 2023

Large B‐cell lymphoma, the prototype of aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, is both the most common lymphoma and accounts for the highest global burden of lymphoma‐related deaths. For nearly 4 decades, the goal of treatment has been “cure”, first based on CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone), and subsequently with rituximab plus CHOP. However, there is significant clinical, pathologic, and biologic heterogeneity, and not all patients are cured. Understanding and incorporating this biologic heterogeneity into treatment decisions unfortunately is not yet standard of care. Despite this gap, we now have significant advances in frontline, relapsed, and refractory settings. The POLARIX trial shows, for the first time, improved progression‐free survival in a prospective randomized phase 3 setting. In the relapsed and refractory settings, there are now many approved agents/regimens, and several bispecific antibodies poised to join the arsenal of options. While chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy is discussed in detail elsewhere, it has quickly become an excellent option in the second‐line setting and beyond. Unfortunately, special populations such as older adults continue to have poor outcomes and be underrepresented in trials, although a new generation of trials aim to address this disparity. This brief review will highlight the key issues and advances that offer improved outcomes to an increasing portion of patients.
Adenovirus VA RNAs impair maturation of primary microRNA
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Lee Chang Ho , Lee Seong‐Wook
Published: July 2023

Background

Adenovirus expresses two non‐coding virus‐associated (VA) RNAs: VA I RNA and VA II RNA. Adenovirus‐expressed VA RNAs interfere with the microRNA (miRNA) pathway by competing with precursor miRNAs. The processing pattern of primary miRNA (pri‐miRNA) and factors to affect its processing are not exactly known when using adenovirus for the delivery of pri‐miRNA.

Methods

To observe pri‐miRNA processing, plasmid construct encoding pri‐miRNA was co‐transfected with VA I/II RNA expression plasmid, or recombinant adenovirus encoding pri‐miRNA was generated and infected. Levels of miRNAs, VA I RNA and VA II RNA were analyzed by a quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR). VA I–II full‐length RNA was analyzed by a RT‐PCR. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis to pull‐down the VA I–II full‐length RNA binding with Drosha was conducted with Drosha antibody.

Results

pri‐miRNA was normally processed into mature miRNA when it was expressed in cells using plasmid. However, miRNA maturation was impaired when pri‐miRNA was delivered and expressed using adenovirus. Of note, pri‐miRNA processing was observed to be blocked by VA RNA expression. Such blocked processing could be recovered by introducing antisense RNA of VA RNA, anti‐3′VA RNA. In addition, VA RNAs were transcribed into VA I–II full‐length RNA, which was found to bind and sequester Drosha.

Conclusions

Adenovirus infection downregulated the processing of pri‐miRNAs in cells, and such downregulation could be derived from VA I–II full‐length RNAs in pri‐miRNA‐like form through competitively binding to Drosha protein. These results indicated that the expression of adenovirus VA RNAs should be inhibited for successful delivery and expression of pri‐miRNA or shRNA in cells using adenovirus.
Graphs with the unique path property: Structure, cycles, factors, and constructions
Authors: Etzion Tuvi
Published: July 2023

In a directed graph with the unique path property, there is a unique directed path of a given length between any ordered pair of its vertices. Such graphs, their paths, cycles, factors, and other properties, were extensively studied during the years, mainly in the context of de Bruijn graphs, forming the most important family of such graphs. Such a graph is equivalent to a binary matrix for which , where is the all‐ones matrix. In this paper, some new results on the structural properties of such graphs, which are not necessarily de Bruijn graphs, are proved. We mainly concentrate on such graphs for which each vertex has in‐degree two and out‐degree two. The minimum number and the maximum number of vertices which are reached from a given vertex using all paths of length smaller than are considered. We provide an exact formula for the number of factors in these graphs and show that this number depends only on the number of alternating cycles in the graph, where in an alternating cycle every two consecutive edges have opposite directions in the cycle. Constructions of such graphs using several methods are presented. In particular, we present a new construction which provides a large set of such graphs with long alternating cycles. We define the integral graph and the derivative graph and implement these definitions on this family of graphs. Various properties from the point of view of the de Bruijn graph and the theory of nonsingular shift‐registers sequences are also considered. Finally, generalizations for graphs in which the in‐degree and the out‐degree of each vertex are greater than two are also discussed.
Regioselective synthesis of fused pyrimidines and quinazolines linked to Phenoxy‐N‐arylacetamide moieties as novel hybrid molecules via Biginelli‐like reaction
Authors: Abdelmoniem Amr M. , Abdelwahab Reham E. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A.
Published: July 2023

A novel series of 6‐acetyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, hexahydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines, tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐1‐ones, and 3‐acetyl‐1,4‐dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines linked to phenoxy‐N‐arylacetamide moieties were prepared via Biginelli‐like cyclo‐condensation reaction of the 2‐(4‐formylphenoxy)‐N‐arylacetamides, with the appropriate active methylene containing reagents and nitrogen bi‐nucleophiles. Elements and spectroscopic data were used to confirm the compositions of the novel compounds. We proposed a reasonable mechanism for the creation of target products.
China–Africa skills transfer through overseas economic and trade cooperation zones
Authors: Fei Ding
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the employment patterns, training activities, and skills development outcomes of China's Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones (OETCZs) in Africa. Drawing upon ethnographic field research and a workers' opinion survey in Ethiopia's Eastern Industrial Zone (EIZ), it answers two questions: How well has intergovernmental collaboration on OETCZs been translated into training opportunities for local workers? What are local workers' perceptions and evaluations of the potentials and constraints of skills development in Chinese companies? Analyses based on field observations and regression models indicate that workers' demographic backgrounds, employment sector, and the peculiarities of Chinese workplaces are important factors to understand the skills development outcomes in Chinese OETCZs.
Editorial for “Left Ventricular Vertical Run‐Length Nonuniformity MRI Adds Prognostic Value to MACE in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease”
Authors: Munoz Camila
Published: July 2023

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Influence of the level of compliance with preventive maintenance therapy upon the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Leone Francesco Di , Blasi Gonzalo , Amerio Ettore , Valles Cristina , Nart José , Monje Alberto
Published: July 2023

Background

A study was made to evaluate peri‐implant conditions in compliers and erratic compliers with peri‐implant maintenance therapy (PIMT), and to assess the role of site‐specific confounders.

Methods

Erratic PIMT compliers (EC) were defined as presenting attendance < 2×/year, while regular compliers (RC) attended ≥ 2×/year. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to perform a multivariable multilevel analysis in which the peri‐implant condition was established as dependent variable.

Results

Overall, 86 non‐smoker patients (42 RC and 44 EC) attending the Department of Periodontology of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya were recruited consecutively on a cross‐sectional basis. The mean period of loading was 9.5 year. An implant placed in an erratic patient has 88% higher probability of presenting peri‐implant diseases versus RC. Furthermore, the probability of diagnosis of peri‐implantitis was significantly higher in EC versus RC (odds ratio [OR] 5.26; p = 0.009). Among other factors, history of periodontitis, non‐hygienic prosthesis, period of implant loading, and modified plaque index (mPI) at implant level were shown to significantly increase the risk of peri‐implantitis diagnosis. Although not associated with peri‐implantitis diagnosis risk, keratinized mucosa (KM) width, and vestibular depth (VD) were significantly associated to plaque accumulation (mPI).

Conclusions

Compliance with PIMT was found to be significantly associated with peri‐implant condition. In this sense, attending PIMT < 2×/year may be ineffective to prevent peri‐implantitis.
Probing pocket depth reduction after non‐surgical periodontal therapy: Tooth‐related factors
Authors: Werner Nils , Heck Katrin , Walter Elias , Ern Christina , Bumm Caspar Victor , Folwaczny Matthias
Published: July 2023

Background

To investigate tooth‐related factors that influence the reduction of probing pocket depths (PPD) after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NST).

Methods

Seven hundred forty‐six patients with a total of 16,825 teeth were included and retrospectively analyzed. PPD reduction after NST was correlated with the tooth‐related factors; tooth type, number of roots, furcation involvement, vitality, mobility, and type of restoration; using logistic multilevel regression for statistical analysis.

Results

NST was able to reduce probing depth overall stratified probing depths (1.20 ± 1.51 mm, p ≤ 0.001). The reduction was significantly higher at teeth with higher probing depths at baseline. At pockets with PPD ≥ 6 mm, PPD remains high after NST. Tooth type, number of roots, furcation involvement, vitality, mobility, and type of restoration are significantly and independently associated with the rate of pocket closure.

Conclusions

The tooth‐related factors: tooth type, number of roots, furcation involvement, vitality, mobility, and type of restoration had a significant and clinically relevant influence on phase I and II therapy. Considering these factors in advance may enhance the prediction of sites not responding adequately and the potential need for additional treatment, such as re‐instrumentation or periodontal surgery, to ultimately achieve the therapy end points.
Upper lip characteristics and associated excessive gingival display etiologies in adults: Race and sex differences
Authors: Tatakis Dimitris N. , Paramitha Vanessa , Lu Wei‐En , Guo Xiaohan
Published: July 2023

Background

This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine upper lip (UL) and smile characteristics and soft tissue excessive gingival display (EGD) etiologies (hypermobile upper lip [HUL], altered passive eruption [APE], and short upper lip [SUL]) in a nondental adult population and to analyze interracial (Black and White) and intersex differences.

Methods

Community participants, non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW), were recruited and examined for UL vertical dimensions at rest and maximum smile and for HUL, APE, and SUL. Associations between gingival display (GD) or EGD and UL anatomical characteristics, HUL, APE, and SUL were analyzed.

Results

Participants included 66 NHB and 65 NHW adults. Ergotrid height (greater among NHW; p = 0.019) averaged 14.0 mm. Upper lip vermilion length (ULVL), total UL length, internal lip length, total UL length during smile, and UL mobility averaged 8.6, 22.5, 23.1, 16.6, and 5.9 mm, respectively (all significantly greater in NHB; p ≤ 0.012). SUL prevalence was 4.6%, found only among NHW. Lip length change from rest to smile (LLC) averaged 26.2% (significantly greater in females; p = 0.003). HUL prevalence was 10.7% (NHB 13.1%, NHW 3.5%; p = 0.024). NHB had significantly greater GD (p ≤ 0.017). EGD and APE prevalence (6.9% for both) showed significant interracial and intersex differences (p ≤ 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that LLC and HUL were the most consistently significant EGD determinants.

Conclusions

UL anatomical and functional characteristics and soft tissue‐related EGD etiologies exhibit significant interracial and intersex differences, with UL mobility/hypermobility being the most consistently significant determinant of GD.
Chemical kinetic analysis on the auto‐ignition characteristics of natural gas–diesel dual‐fuel combustion under engine‐relevant conditions
Authors: Liu Guanlin , Wang Xun , Xie Mingke , Gong Yanli , Fu Jianqin , Liu Jingping
Published: July 2023

With the advent of energy crisis and stringent emission regulations, natural gas (NG)/diesel dual‐fuel engines have entered the popular view. In this paper, the accurate boundary conditions are determined by the Converge model and the transient parameters were introduced into the chemical kinetics model to make the operating conditions more closely match the actual engine operating conditions. The effects of different methane/n‐heptane ratios, initial temperatures, initial pressures, and equivalence ratios on the IDT of methane/n‐heptane fuel mixtures were analyzed using comprehensive chemical kinetic tools such as mole fraction analysis, ROP analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The IDT of methane/n‐heptane mixture decreased significantly with increasing the equivalence ratio, initial pressure, and the proportion of n‐heptane in the mixture, but the change of temperature was more complicated for the IDT. The NTC behavior of methane/n‐heptane mixture was also affected by the NTC behavior of n‐heptane. With the increase of initial temperature, the consumption of methane and n‐heptane appeared to be significantly accelerated. The peak of radicals and intermediate groups appeared earliest and had the highest radical concentration when the n‐heptane content was 30%. With the increase of initial pressure, the peak moments of the six radicals were further advanced, but the mole concentrations of O, OH, H radicals decreased significantly. This paper not only provides a reference for the design of NG/diesel dual‐fuel engines, but also provides a theoretical basis and data support for improving the ignition and initial condition setting strategies of the engines.
Type 3 Laryngeal Clefts Presenting with Upper Airway Obstruction without Aspiration
Authors: Weitzman Rachel E. , Shah Hemali P. , Modi Vikash K. , Maurrasse Sarah E.
Published: July 2023

Traditionally, otolaryngologists are taught that the defining clinical feature of a laryngeal cleft is aspiration. However, in a small subset of patients—even those with extensive clefts—the sole presenting feature may be airway obstruction. Here, we report two cases of type III laryngeal clefts that presented with upper airway obstruction without aspiration. The first patient was a 6‐month‐old male with history of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) who presented with noisy breathing, initially thought to be related to tracheomalacia. Polysomnogram (PSG) demonstrated moderate OSA and modified barium swallow (MBS) was negative for aspiration. In‐office laryngoscopy was notable for a mismatch of tissue in the interarytenoid region. A type III laryngeal cleft was identified on bronchoscopy, and airway symptoms resolved after endoscopic repair. The second patient was a 4‐year‐old male with a diagnosis of asthma who presented with progressive exercise‐induced stridor and airway obstruction. In‐office flexible laryngoscopy revealed redundant tissue in the posterior glottis and MBS was negative for aspiration. He was found to have a type III laryngeal cleft on bronchoscopy and his stridor and upper airway obstruction resolved after endoscopic repair. While aspiration is the most common presenting symptom of a laryngeal cleft, it is important to consider that patients can have a cleft in the absence of dysphagia. Laryngeal cleft should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with obstructive symptoms not explained by other etiologies and in those with suspicious features on flexible laryngoscopy. Laryngeal cleft repair is recommended to restore normal anatomy and relieve obstructive symptoms. Laryngoscope, 134:977–980, 2024
Advances in 3D Bioprinting of Biomimetic and Engineered Meniscal Grafts
Authors: Lv Haiyuan , Deng Guotao , Lai Jiaqi , Yu Yin , Chen Fei , Yao Jun
Published: July 2023

The meniscus plays a crucial role in loads distribution and protection of articular cartilage. Meniscal injury can result in cartilage degeneration, loss of mechanical stability in the knee joint and ultimately lead to arthritis. Surgical interventions provide only short‐term pain relief but fail to repair or regenerate the injured meniscus. Emerging tissue engineering approaches based on 3D bioprinting provide alternatives to current surgical methods for meniscus repair. In this review, the current bioprinting techniques employed in developing engineered meniscus grafts are summarized and discuss the latest strategies for mimicking the gradient structure, composition, and viscoelastic properties of native meniscus. Recent progress is highlighted in gene‐activated matrices for meniscus regeneration as well. Finally, a perspective is provided on the future development of 3D bioprinting for meniscus repair, emphasizing the potential of this technology to revolutionize meniscus regeneration and improve patient outcomes.
On the dominated convergence theorem for the Kurzweil–Stieltjes integral
Authors: Gallegos Claudio A. , Henríquez Hernán R.
Published: July 2023

This paper is concerned with a version of the Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem (DCT) which has been stated for the Kurzweil–Stieltjes integral of real functions. Our objective in this work is to analyze the extension of this result to include vector functions with values in Banach spaces. We establish that the mentioned convergence theorem for the Kurzweil–Stieltjes integral can be formulated in weaker versions for reflexive and separable Banach spaces, and spaces having the Schur property, nonetheless it is not verified in the general case.
Approximate solutions for a fractional thermostat model boundary value problem via Bernstein's collocation method with Legendre polynomials
Authors: Hafsi Nadjet , Tellab Brahim , Meflah Mabrouk
Published: July 2023

Numerous classical models of thermostats have been analyzed in the literature, and while existence and uniqueness results have been established, the investigation of other properties, such as stability, can present significant challenges. Therefore, there is a need for fractional mathematical models that are nonlocal problems and allow for the straightforward study of the asymptotic behavior of their solutions. However, solving these problems is often exceedingly complex or even impossible, necessitating the use of numerical methods to obtain approximate solutions. The focus of this research is a generalized boundary value problem that is based on a classical thermostat model. Our initial step involves determining the associated integral equation for the problem at hand. The properties of existence and uniqueness are proved by exploiting the classical contraction principle of Banach together with another kind called
‐
‐contraction. Afterwards, thanks to the Bernstein polynomials and fractional matrix of derivative, the approximate solutions of our nonlinear fractional thermostat model problem are obtained. This approach utilizes the Legendre operational matrix of fractional derivatives in combination with a truncated Legendre series for the numerical integration of fractional differential equations. By doing so, the problem can be reduced to solving a system of algebraic equations, resulting in significant simplification. This method has been successfully used to solve both linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations. Finally, an example on this type of problem have been studied and the approximate solution are plotted.
MicroLED Technology: A Unique Opportunity Toward “More Than Displays”
Authors: Templier François
Published: July 2023

High brightness GaN‐based microLEDs are paving the way to displays with almost any additional built‐in functionality.
Infra‐Red Intelligent Surface for Near‐Field Touchless Displays
Authors: Santoul Etienne , Hemery Edgar , Tuckey Joshua
Published: July 2023

IRIS technology offers a new and exciting way to interact with displays and digital devices.
The inventory routing problem with split deliveries
Authors: Dinh Nho Minh , Archetti Claudia , Bertazzi Luca
Published: July 2023

We study the benefit of introducing split deliveries in the inventory routing problem (IRP), both when the order‐up‐to level (OU) and the maximum level replenishment policies are applied. We first propose a mathematical formulation and solve it by implementing a branch‐and‐cut algorithm. Then, we carry out a worst‐case analysis to show the cost increase we have in the worst case by using unsplit deliveries instead of split deliveries, both for the OU and the maximum‐level replenishment policies. Extensive computational results on benchmark instances allow us to evaluate the benefit of introducing split deliveries. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on customer demands, initial inventory levels, maximum inventory levels and distance to the depot allows us to understand the instance features that make split deliveries effective in IRPs.
Non‐monetary obstacles to medical care: Evidence from postpartum contraceptives
Authors: Willage Barton , Carlos Marisa , Callison Kevin
Published: July 2023

We use changes to Medicaid immediate postpartum policy to test whether non‐monetary costs are meaningful obstacles to health care. Medicaid in several states currently covers long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs, including IUDs and implants) immediately following delivery of a child, eliminating much of the time‐cost and stress associated with obtaining a LARC. Postpartum LARCs can reduce unintended and short‐interval pregnancies, which are associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Births that occur in Catholic‐owned hospitals are an ideal control group, because these hospitals are prohibited from offering family‐planning services, including LARCs. Using difference‐in‐differences and individual‐level administrative data from Louisiana and New York, we find eliminating non‐monetary obstacles increases take‐up of a high‐value and highly effective form of contraception. Additionally, we find no evidence of crowd‐out of outpatient LARCs.
Biological and clinical significance of the YKL‐40/osteopontin–integrin β4–p70S6K axis induced by macrophages in early oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Urakami Satoshi , Koma Yu‐ichiro , Tsukamoto Shuichi , Azumi Yuki , Miyako Shoji , Kitamura Yu , Kodama Takayuki , Nishio Mari , Shigeoka Manabu , Abe Hirofumi , Usami Yu , Kodama Yuzo , Yokozaki Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

M2 macrophages contribute to the progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the roles of M2 macrophages in early ESCC remain unclear. To clarify the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between M2 macrophages and oesophageal epithelial cells in early‐stage ESCC, in vitro co‐culture assays between the immortalised oesophageal epithelial cell line Het‐1A and cytokine‐defined M2 macrophages were established. Co‐culture with M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of Het‐1A cells via the mTOR–p70S6K signalling pathway activated by YKL‐40, also known as chitinase 3‐like 1, and osteopontin (OPN) that were hypersecreted in the co‐culture supernatants. YKL‐40 and OPN promoted the above phenotypes of Het‐1A by making a complex with integrin β4 (β4). Furthermore, YKL‐40 and OPN promoted M2 polarisation, proliferation, and migration of macrophages. To validate the pathological and clinical significances of in vitro experimental results, immunohistochemistry of human early ESCC tissues obtained by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed, confirming the activation of the YKL‐40/OPN–β4–p70S6K axis in the tumour area. Moreover, epithelial expression of β4 and the number of epithelial and stromal infiltrating YKL‐40‐ and OPN‐positive cells correlated with the Lugol‐voiding lesions (LVLs), a well‐known predictor of the incidence of metachronous ESCC. Furthermore, the combination of high expression of β4 and LVLs or high numbers of epithelial and stromal infiltrating YKL‐40‐ and OPN‐positive immune cells could more clearly detect the incidence of metachronous ESCC than each of the parameters alone. Our results demonstrated that the YKL‐40/OPN–β4–p70S6K axis played important roles in early‐stage ESCC, and the high expression levels of β4 and high numbers of infiltrating YKL‐40‐ and OPN‐positive immune cells could be useful predictive parameters for the incidence of metachronous ESCC after ESD. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.