bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On 𝔬𝔰𝔭(1|2)-relative cohomology of the Lie superalgebra of contact vector fields on ℝ1|1
Authors: Nizar Ben Fraj , Abdaoui Meher , Hamza Raouafi
Published: October 2016

We consider the [Formula: see text]-dimensional real superspace [Formula: see text] endowed with its standard contact structure defined by the 1-form [Formula: see text]. The conformal Lie superalgebra [Formula: see text] acts on [Formula: see text] as the Lie superalgebra of contact vector fields; it contains the Möbius superalgebra [Formula: see text]. We classify [Formula: see text]-invariant linear differential operators from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] vanishing on [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the superspace of bilinear differential operators between the superspaces of weighted densities. This result allows us to compute the first differential [Formula: see text]-relative cohomology of [Formula: see text] with coefficients in [Formula: see text]. This work is the simplest superization of a result by Bouarroudj [Cohomology of the vector fields Lie algebras on [Formula: see text] acting on bilinear differential operators, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 2(1) (2005) 23–40].
Parallel second-order tensors on Vaisman manifolds
Authors: Bejan Cornelia Livia , Crasmareanu Mircea
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper is to study the class of parallel tensor fields [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-type in a Vaisman geometry [Formula: see text]. A sufficient condition for the reduction of such symmetric tensors [Formula: see text] to a constant multiple of [Formula: see text] is given by the skew-symmetry of [Formula: see text] with respect to the complex structure [Formula: see text]. As an application of the main result, we prove that certain vector fields on a [Formula: see text]-manifold turn out to be Killing. Also, we connect our main result with the Weyl connection of conformal geometry as well as with possible Ricci solitons in [Formula: see text] manifolds.
An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Graphene-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite for the Specific Detection of Pb (II)
Authors: Rong Rong , Zhao Huimin , Gan Xiaorong , Chen Shuo , Quan Xie
Published: October 2016

An electrochemical sensor for the rapid, selective and sensitive detection of Pb[Formula: see text] was developed using polypyrrole-graphene (PPY-rGO) nanocomposite by electrochemical synthesis. The PPY-rGO-modified electrode possessed a large effective area because of unique 3D porous architectures, and it displayed excellent selectivity for the determination of Pb[Formula: see text]. The response of Pb[Formula: see text] on the nanocomposite-modified electrode was evaluated, and the relevant parameters were optimized by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The stripping response was highly linear ([Formula: see text]) over a Pb[Formula: see text] concentration range of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, with a detection limit of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L (3[Formula: see text] method). Furthermore, its applicability was validated for the determination of Pb[Formula: see text] levels using spiked tap water at different concentrations. The polyporous structure, satisfactory reproducibility, long-term stability and simple synthesis endow the PPY-rGO nanocomposite a promising application in the determination of Pb[Formula: see text].
Effect of Barrier Thickness on Linearity of Underlap AlInN/GaN DG-MOSHEMTs
Authors: Adak Sarosij , Swain Sanjit Kumar , Pardeshi Hemant , Rahaman Hafizur , Sarkar Chandan Kumar
Published: October 2016

In this proposed work, an extensive study on the linearity performance of underlap AlInN/GaN double gate metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS-HEMT) has been analyzed using 2D Sentaurus TCAD simulation. Specifically a brief comparison is made on the linearity and intermodulation distortion characteristics of the proposed device due to variation of barrier layer thickness from 2 nm to 6 nm. Various parameters such as transconductance ([Formula: see text], second-order transconductance ([Formula: see text]), third-order transconductance ([Formula: see text]), second-order voltage intercept point (VIP2), third-order voltage intercept point (VIP3), third-order input intercept point (IIP3) and third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) of underlap AlInN/GaN double gate metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS-HEMT) are discussed. The simulated results obtained confirms that by careful optimization of barrier layer thickness linearity characteristics of this proposed device can be improved, which can be suitable for analog and circuit applications.
A new certificateless multiple key agreement scheme
Authors: Alimoradi Reza
Published: October 2016

Recently, by changing security requirements of computer networks, many public key schemes are introduced. One major shortcoming of identity-based cryptosystems is key screw. Certificateless public key cryptosystems were introduced to solve this problem. In this paper, a certificateless, public-key, multiple-key-agreement scheme will be offered which has some significant security properties such as perfect forward secrecy, strong security, and zero-knowledge proof. This scheme produces far more shared hidden keys per session in comparison with many existing schemes. In this paper, the security and the efficiency of the proposed scheme will be compared with some well-known current schemes.
A Study on Photothermal Waves in a Semiconductor Material Photogenerated by a Focused Laser Beam
Authors: Abbas Ibrahim A. , Aly K. A.
Published: October 2016

In this work, the theory of coupled plasma, thermal and elastic waves were used to investigate the wave propagation on semiconductor material during photo-thermo-elastic process. A thin slim strip (TSS) medium, elastic semiconductor with isotropic and homogeneous thermal and elastic properties have been considered. The plasma, thermal and elastic waves in a TSS photo generated by a focused and intensity modulated laser beam were analyzed. Laplace transform techniques and eigenvalue approach were used to obtain the analytical solutions for carrier density, displacement, temperature, and stress. Numerical computations have been carried out on silicon-like semiconductor material. The results are presented graphically to show the effect of the coupling between the plasma, thermal, and elastic waves.
Boosted Web Named Entity Recognition via Tri-Training
Authors: Chou Chien-Lung , Chang Chia-Hui , Huang Ya-Yun
Published: October 2016

Named entity extraction is a fundamental task for many natural language processing applications on the web. Existing studies rely on annotated training data, which is quite expensive to obtain large datasets, limiting the effectiveness of recognition. In this research, we propose a semisupervised learning approach for web named entity recognition (NER) model construction via automatic labeling and tri-training. The former utilizes structured resources containing known named entities for automatic labeling, while the latter makes use of unlabeled examples to improve the extraction performance. Since this automatically labeled training data may contain noise, a self-testing procedure is used as a follow-up to remove low-confidence annotation and prepare higher-quality training data. Furthermore, we modify tri-training for sequence labeling and derive a proper initialization for large dataset training to improve entity recognition. Finally, we apply this semisupervised learning framework for person name recognition, business organization name recognition, and location name extraction. In the task of Chinese NER, an F-measure of 0.911, 0.849, and 0.845 can be achieved, for person, business organization, and location NER, respectively. The same framework is also applied for English and Japanese business organization name recognition and obtains models with performance of a 0.832 and 0.803 F-measure.
An Approach to Construct a Named Entity Annotated English-Vietnamese Bilingual Corpus
Authors: Nguyen Long H. B. , Dinh Dien , Tran Phuoc
Published: October 2016

Manually constructing an annotated Named Entity (NE) in a bilingual corpus is a time-consuming, labor--intensive, and expensive process, but this is necessary for natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as cross-lingual information retrieval, cross-lingual information extraction, machine translation, etc. In this article, we present an automatic approach to construct an annotated NE in English-Vietnamese bilingual corpus from a bilingual parallel corpus by proposing an aligned NE method. Basing this corpus on a bilingual corpus in which the initial NEs are extracted from its own language separately, the approach tries to correct unrecognized NEs or incorrectly recognized NEs before aligning the NEs by using a variety of bilingual constraints. The generated corpus not only improves the NE recognition results but also creates alignments between English NEs and Vietnamese NEs, which are necessary for training NE translation models. The experimental results show that the approach outperforms the baseline methods effectively. In the English-Vietnamese NE alignment task, the F-measure increases from 68.58% to 79.77%. Thanks to the improvement of the NE recognition quality, the proposed method also increases significantly: the F-measure goes from 84.85% to 88.66% for the English side and from 75.71% to 85.55% for the Vietnamese side. By providing the additional semantic information for the machine translation systems, the BLEU score increases from 33.04% to 45.11%.
The Strange, Expanding World of Animal Hepaciviruses
Authors: Hartlage Alex S. , Cullen John M. , Kapoor Amit
Published: October 2016

Hepaciviruses and pegiviruses constitute two closely related sister genera of the family Flaviviridae. In the past five years, the known phylogenetic diversity of the hepacivirus genera has absolutely exploded. What was once an isolated infection in humans (and possibly other primates) has now expanded to include horses, rodents, bats, colobus monkeys, cows, and, most recently, catsharks, shedding new light on the genetic diversity and host range of hepaciviruses. Interestingly, despite the identification of these many animal and primate hepaciviruses, the equine hepaciviruses remain the closest genetic relatives of the human hepaciviruses, providing an intriguing clue to the zoonotic source of hepatitis C virus. This review summarizes the significance of these studies and discusses current thinking about the origin and evolution of the animal hepaciviruses as well as their potential usage as surrogate models for the study of hepatitis C virus.
Influence of training intensity on adaptations in acid/base transport proteins, muscle buffer capacity, and repeated-sprint ability in active men
Authors: McGinley Cian , Bishop David J.
Published: October 2016

McGinley C, Bishop DJ. Influence of training intensity on adaptations in acid/base transport proteins, muscle buffer capacity, and repeated-sprint ability in active men. J Appl Physiol 121: 1290–1305, 2016. First published October 14, 2016; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00630.2016 .—This study measured the adaptive response to exercise training for each of the acid-base transport protein families, including providing isoform-specific evidence for the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1/4 chaperone protein basigin and for the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe)1. We investigated whether 4 wk of work-matched, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), performed either just above the lactate threshold (HIITΔ20; n = 8), or close to peak aerobic power (HIITΔ90; n = 8), influenced adaptations in acid-base transport protein abundance, nonbicarbonate muscle buffer capacity (βmin vitro), and exercise capacity in active men. Training intensity did not discriminate between adaptations for most proteins measured, with abundance of MCT1, sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE) 1, NBCe1, carbonic anhydrase (CA) II, and CAXIV increasing after 4 wk, whereas there was little change in CAIII and CAIV abundance. βmin vitro also did not change. However, MCT4 protein content only increased for HIITΔ20 [effect size (ES): 1.06, 90% confidence limits × / ÷ 0.77], whereas basigin protein content only increased for HIITΔ90 (ES: 1.49, × / ÷ 1.42). Repeated-sprint ability (5 × 6-s sprints; 24 s passive rest) improved similarly for both groups. Power at the lactate threshold only improved for HIITΔ20 (ES: 0.49; 90% confidence limits ± 0.38), whereas peak O2 uptake did not change for either group. Detraining was characterized by the loss of adaptations for all of the proteins measured and for repeated-sprint ability 6 wk after removing the stimulus of HIIT. In conclusion, 4 wk of HIIT induced improvements in each of the acid-base transport protein families, but, remarkably, a 40% difference in training intensity did not discriminate between most adaptations.
Mobilization of TLR4 Into Lipid Rafts by Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans in Gingival Epithelial Cells
Authors: Imai Haruka , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Kajiya Mikihito , Ouhara Kazuhisa , Yoshimoto Tetsuya , Matsuda Shinji , Takeda Katsuhiro , Kurihara Hidemi
Published: October 2016

Background: An investigation of the mechanisms underlying the production of inflammatory cytokines through the stimulation of microorganisms on gingival epithelial cells may provide insights into the pathogenesis of the initiation of periodontitis. Lipid rafts, microdomains in the cell membrane, include a large number of receptors, and are centrally involved in signal transduction. We herein examined the involvement of lipid rafts in the expression of interleukin (IL-6) and IL-8 in gingival epithelial cells stimulated by periodontal pathogens. Methods: OBA9, a human gingival cell line, was stimulated by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the presence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans or TNF-α increased IL-8 and IL-6 mRNA levels, and promoted the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase in OBA9. The pretreatment with MβCD abolished increases in IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels and the phosphorylation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans, but did not suppress the response induced by TNF-α. The transfection of TLR4 inhibited A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced increases in IL-8 and IL-6 mRNA levels. Confocal microscopy revealed that MβCD inhibited the mobilization of TLR4 into lipid rafts. Conclusion: The mobilization of TLR4 into lipid rafts is involved in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylation of MAP kinase in human gingival epithelial cells stimulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Untreated Hypertension
Authors: Walsh Kyle B. , Woo Daniel , Sekar Padmini , Osborne Jennifer , Moomaw Charles J. , Langefeld Carl D. , Adeoye Opeolu
Published: October 2016

Background:

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although ethnic/racial disparities related to hypertension and ICH have been reported, these previous studies were limited by a lack of Hispanics and inadequate power to analyze by ICH location. In the current study, while overcoming these prior limitations, we investigated whether there was variation by ethnicity/race of treated and untreated hypertension as risk factors for ICH.

Methods:

The ERICH study (Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) is a prospective, multicenter, case-control study of ICH among whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Cases were enrolled from 42 recruitment sites. Controls matched to cases 1:1 by age (±5 years), sex, ethnicity/race, and metropolitan area were identified by random-digit dialing. Subjects were interviewed to determine history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications. Cases and controls within ethnic groups were compared by using conditional logistic regression. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were computed for ICH as an overall group and separately for the location subcategories deep, lobar, and infratentorial (brainstem/cerebellar).

Results:

Nine hundred fifty-eight white, 880 black, and 766 Hispanic ICH patients were enrolled. For ICH cases, untreated hypertension was higher in blacks (43.6%,
P
<0.0001) and Hispanics (46.9%,
P
<0.0001) versus whites (32.7%). In multivariable analyses adjusted for alcohol use, anticoagulation, hypercholesterolemia, education, and medical insurance status, treated hypertension was a significant risk factor across all locations of ICH in whites (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–1.98;
P
<0.0001), blacks (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.16–4.22;
P
<0.0001), and Hispanics (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.73–3.62;
P
<0.0001). Untreated hypertension was a substantially greater risk factor for all 3 racial/ethnic groups across all locations of ICH: whites (OR, 8.79; 95% CI, 5.66–13.66;
P
<0.0001), blacks (OR, 12.46; 95% CI, 8.08–19.20;
P
<0.0001), and Hispanics (OR, 10.95; 95% CI, 6.58–18.23;
P
<0.0001). There was an interaction between race/ethnicity and ICH risk (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:

Untreated hypertension confers a greater ICH risk in blacks and Hispanics relative to whites across all anatomic locations of ICH. Accelerated research efforts are needed to improve overall hypertension treatment rates and to monitor the impact of such efforts on racial/ethnic disparities in stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01202864.
‘To Take Up a Parable’: The History of Translating a Biblical Idiom
Authors: Vayntrub Jacqueline
Published: October 2016

The following study examines the history of the translation of a Biblical Hebrew phrase in Greek, Aramaic, and Latin—a phrase which shaped the English idiom “to take up a parable, proverb, or song.” As early as Greek and Aramaic Bible translations, the phrase NŚʾ mɔšɔl was translated word-for-word in the target language, even though the verb used in the target language did not previously attest the specific sense of “speech performance.” This same translational strategy persists in modern translations of this idiom, preventing scholars from understanding the idiom as it was used by biblical authors. The study compares the Biblical Hebrew phrase to a similar Ugaritic phrase, showing how it should be understood to express the voicing of speech rather than the initiating of speech. The study concludes by offering an English translation which more closely reflects the metaphor for voice-activation employed by the Biblical Hebrew phrase.
The Use of blṭ in Ruth 3:7
Authors: Schipper Jeremy
Published: October 2016

Often, scholars debate whether to read the book of Ruth as a polemic against the disparagement of Moabites. Scholars who offer a non-polemical interpretation should provide an alternative explanation for Ruth’s Moabite identity as B. Porten does in a very brief article from 1976. The present article provides further support for Porten’s argument by drawing attention to a possible pun, noted by T. Linafelt, on the word blṭ in Ruth 3:7.
Subversive Boundary Drawing in Jonah: The Variation of אשׁר and שׁ as Literary Code-Switching
Authors: Holmstedt Robert D. , Kirk Alexander T.
Published: October 2016

This study presents literary code-switching as the best explanation for the variation of אשׁר and שׁ in the book of Jonah. The use of Hebrew אשׁר and a Phoenician-based שׁ in the world of the narrative is used both to create and destroy identity boundaries. The switch between אשׁר and שׁ is the central linguistic strategy supporting the subversion of the intended audience’s natural reading sympathy (initially with Jonah) and theology (an ethnically exclusive Yahwism). Jonah’s use of שׁ represents a linguistic flight from his Hebrew identity, while the sailors’s and Ninevite king’s use of אשׁר represents their recognition of Yhwh as a god worthy of devotion. And Yhwh’s use of both אשׁר and שׁ signals the author’s view that Yhwh does not exclusively belong to (or care for) the Hebrew people.
Yahweh’s Consciousness: Isaiah 40-48 and Ancient Judean Historical Thought
Authors: Wilson Ian Douglas
Published: October 2016

This essay works toward three goals. First, it lays some groundwork for researching prophetic literature as a source for ancient Judean historical thought. Prophetic literature reveals a great deal about how ancient Judeans thought about and with their past, as it was represented in their literary repertoire. Second, it examines Isaiah 40-48, to see how this sort of second-order thinking about the past is on display in a particular passage of text. And third, it draws some preliminary conclusions about historical thought in this text and how it relates to historical thinking evident in other Judean literature.
Swertia subuniflora (Gentianaceae), a new species from Fujian, China
Authors: CHEN BING-HUA , WANG JIU-LI , CHEN SHI-LONG
Published: October 2016

Swertia subuniflora is described from Fujian Province, China. Morphological and molecular evidences indicate its close relationship with S. franchetiana, S. mussotii and S. punicea, three species from Swertia series Japonica (further grouped in section Swertopsis, subgenus Ophelia). The new species can be recognized by its solitary flowers and ovate-cordate stem leaves.
Microcosmus anchylodeirus (Ascidiacea, Pyuridae) introduced in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: MONNIOT FRANÇOISE
Published: October 2016

Several specimens of Microcosmus anchylodeirus Traustedt, 1883 were successively collected by dives along the shore of southern Corsica. With a corrugated tunic covered with all kinds of epibionts they are difficult to notice on the rocks and are recorded for the first time from Mediterranean Sea. These ascidians correspond well internally and externally to Atlantic specimens from the Caribbean islands and also to those described from Brazil. Pacific specimens identified as Microcosmus multitentaculatus Tokioka, 1953 from Japan and Korea have been examined and are now considered as junior synonyms of Microcosmus anchylodeirus, a species whose origin is not known.
The family Hyalidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitroidea) from Korean waters. 2. Genus Protohyale Bousfield & Hendrycks, 2002
Authors: EUN YE , HENDRYCKS ED A. , KIM YOUNG-HYO
Published: October 2016

Five species of the genus Protohyale belonging to the family Hyalidae were collected from shallow coastal waters of Korea. Prior to our study, only two species, P. (Boreohyale) pumila (Hiwatari & Kajihara, 1981) and P. (B.) triangulata (Hiwatari, 2003) had been reported from Korea. One of the collected species, Protohyale (B.) magnaocularis is identified as a new species. The morphology of the eyes, antenna 1, gnathopod 2, uropods and telson are the major characteristics which differentiate P. (B.) magnaocularis sp. nov. from its congeners. The remaining two species, P. (B.) kajiharai (Hiwatari, 2003) and P. (B.) latimana (Hiwatari, 2003) are recorded for the first time from Korea. Protohyale (B.) kajiharai, P. (B.) latimana and P. (B.) magnaocularis sp. nov. are fully described and illustrated. A key to the species of Protohyale (B.) from Korea is also provided.
Nomenclatural changes and lectotype designations in the seed-beetle genus Sennius Bridwell: with the synonymization of Megasennius Whitehead & Kingsolver (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Authors: VIANA JÉSSICA HERZOG
Published: October 2016

Until this study, Sennius Bridwell, 1946 included 60 species. As part of an ongoing revision of this genus, nomenclatural changes, synonymies, lectotype designations and corrections of misspelled names are presented, updating to a total of 68 species for this genus. One species is transferred from Sennius Bridwell, 1946 to Acanthoscelides Schilsky 1905, megacornis group: A. infractus (Johnson & Kingsolver, 1973) comb. n.. Eight species are transferred from Acanthoscelides Schilsky 1905 to Sennius Bridwell, 1946: S. aequinoctialis (Fåhraeus, 1839) comb. n., S. amazonicus (Pic, 1929) comb. n., S. batesii (Jekel, 1855) comb. n., S. diosanus (Pic, 1930) comb. n., S. notatopygus (Pic, 1930) comb. n., S. reductus (Pic, 1930) comb. n., S. transversesignatus (Fåhraeus, 1839) comb. n. and S. ventralis (Fåhraeus, 1839) comb. n.. One species is transferred from Megasennius Whitehead & Kingsolver 1975 to Sennius: S. muricatus (Sharp, 1885) comb. n.. One variety is elevated to species rank and transferred to Sennius: Sennius rufopygus (Pic, 1934) stat. n. comb. n. from Acanthoscelides carneofasciatus v. rufopygus Pic, 1934. New synonymies are proposed: The monotypic genus Megasennius Whitehead & Kingsolver 1975 is synonymized with Sennius as its type species is transferred to Sennius. Sennius batesii (Jekel, 1855) comb. n. = Bruchus subaenescens Pic, 1931 syn. n.; Sennius bicoloripes (Pic, 1930) = Bruchus bicoloripes var. jatayensis Pic, 1930 syn. n. and Bruchus bicoloripes var. indiversipes Pic, 1930 syn. n.; Sennius subdiversicolor (Pic, 1931) = Bruchus subdiversicolor var. innigripes Pic, 1931 syn. n.; Sennius transversesignatus (Fåhraeus, 1839) comb. n. = Bruchus carneofasciatus Pic, 1927 syn. n. and Bruchus carneofasciatus var. subapicalis Pic, 1930 syn. n.; and Sennius trinotaticollis (Pic, 1930) = Bruchus diversicollis Pic, 1930 syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for B. diversicollis, B. subdiversicolor var. innigripes, Sennius aequinoctialis, S. amazonicus, S. diosanus, S. reductus, S. rufopygus and S. subdiversicolor. Correct original spellings are noted for Bruchus batesii and B. lebasii Fåhraeus, 1839 in place of the incorrect subsequent spellings of Sennius batesi and Sennius lebasi.
Mites of the families Neopygmephoridae and Scutacaridae associated with variegated mud-loving beetles (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae) from Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A. , SAZHNEV ALEXEY S.
Published: October 2016

In this paper we describe a new monotypic genus Protoallopygmephorus gen. nov. and two new species of the genus Allopygmephorus Cross, 1965, A. spinisetus sp. nov. and A. punctatus sp. nov. Specimens were collected phoretic on beetles of the family Heteroceridae (Coleoptera) in Russia and Kazakhstan. Scutacarus sphaeroideus Karafiat, 1959 (Acari: Scutacaridae) is recorded on Heteroceridae for the first time.
Lifestyle factors and adolescent depressive symptomatology: Associations and effect sizes of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Authors: Hayward Joshua , Jacka Felice N , Skouteris Helen , Millar Lynne , Strugnell Claudia , Swinburn Boyd A , Allender Steven
Published: October 2016

Objective:

Depression affects many Australian adolescents. Research points to the potential of lifestyle improvement for the population-level prevention of mental disorders. However, most studies examine single relationships without considering the combined contribution of lifestyle factors to variance in depression. This study examined associations between adolescent diet, physical activity and screen time behaviours and depressive symptomatology.

Methods:

A cross-sectional sample of year 8 and 10 students was recruited from 23 participating schools in 18 Victorian communities. Students were recruited using opt-out consent, resulting in 3295 participants from 4680 registered school enrolments (Participation Rate: 70.4%). Participants completed a supervised self-report questionnaire comprising Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form, an assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviours during and outside school, and weekly food intake. Surveyed covariates included hours of sleep per night, age, socio-economic status and measured anthropometry. A hierarchical regression stratified by gender was conducted, with dichotomised Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form score as the outcome, and screen time, physical activity and dietary patterns as predictors. Nested regression analyses were then conducted to ascertain the variance in Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form score attributable to each significant predictor from the initial regression.

Results:

Increased scores on an unhealthy dietary pattern (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval = [1.07, 1.32]) and physical activity guideline attainment (0.91; [0.85, 0.97]) were associated with depressive symptomatology in males, while screen time guideline attainment (0.95; [0.91, 0.98]) was associated with depression in females. No association was observed between healthy diet pattern and Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form. Overall, effect sizes were generally small, and the regression model accounted for 5.22% of Moods and Feelings Questionnaire–Short Form variance.

Conclusion:

Gender-specific associations were observed between physical activity and both sedentary and dietary behaviours and depressive symptomatology among adolescents, although reverse causality cannot be refuted at this stage. Lifestyle behaviours may represent a modifiable target for the prevention of depressive symptomatology in adolescents.
Freedom’s children in protest movements: Private and public in the socialization of young Russian and Ukrainian activists
Authors: Erpyleva Svetlana
Published: October 2016

This article deals with the problem of political participation and public sphere learning by adolescents during the mass protests in contemporary Russia and Ukraine. Referring to theories of contentious politics and the public sphere in the post-communist world, the author highlights the debate around the relations between private and public in this context: is the value of public participation formed in the private sphere and then translated into a public one? Or rather, is the public realm something opposite to the private? Using in-depth biographical interviews with the adolescents participating in the Bolotnaya and Maidan movements, the author considers this dilemma through the lens of activists’ socialization. The analysis discovers that there is no direct connection between the values of private independence and public freedom during the growing-up process of adolescent activists. The values of private independence appropriated by Russian adolescents do not automatically translate into practices in the public sphere, and, conversely, Ukrainian activists strongly adhere to an ethic of political freedom, but to do it they prefer to break with the values of the private sphere rather than transfer them into politics. To conclude, the author discusses some implications of the analysis of political participation of adolescents on how notions of private and public are composed in Russia and Ukraine.
The social economy of rhino poaching: Of economic freedom fighters, professional hunters and marginalized local people
Authors: Hübschle Annette M
Published: October 2016

In light of the high incidence of rhino poaching in southern Africa, the African rhinoceros might become extinct in the wild in the near future. Scholars from a variety of disciplines have analysed drivers of illegal hunting and poaching behaviour in general terms. Existing scholarship on rhino poaching proffers a simplistic concurrence of interlinked drivers, including the entry of transnational organized crime into wildlife crime, opportunity structures and the endemic poverty facing people living close to protected areas. By engaging with the lived experiences and social worlds of poachers and rural communities, this article reflects on empirical evidence gathered during ethnographic fieldwork with poachers, prisoners and local people living near the Kruger National Park. It is argued that the socio-political and historical context and continued marginalization of local people are significant factors facilitating poaching decisions at the grassroots level. Green land grabs and the systematic exclusion of local people from protected areas, as well as the growing securitization of anti-poaching responses, are aiding the perception that the wild animal is valued more highly than black rural lives. As a consequence, conservationists and law enforcers are viewed with disdain and struggle to obtain cooperation. The article critiques the current fortress conservation paradigm, which assumes conflict-laden relationships between local people and wildlife.
Target Detection and Identification Performance Using an Automatic Target Detection System
Authors: Reiner Adam J. , Hollands Justin G. , Jamieson Greg A.
Published: October 2016

Objective:

We investigated the effects of automatic target detection (ATD) on the detection and identification performance of soldiers.

Background:

Prior studies have shown that highlighting targets can aid their detection. We provided soldiers with ATD that was more likely to detect one target identity than another, potentially acting as an implicit identification aid.

Method:

Twenty-eight soldiers detected and identified simulated human targets in an immersive virtual environment with and without ATD. Task difficulty was manipulated by varying scene illumination (day, night). The ATD identification bias was also manipulated (hostile bias, no bias, and friendly bias). We used signal detection measures to treat the identification results.

Results:

ATD presence improved detection performance, especially under high task difficulty (night illumination). Identification sensitivity was greater for cued than uncued targets. The identification decision criterion for cued targets varied with the ATD identification bias but showed a “sluggish beta” effect.

Conclusion:

ATD helps soldiers detect and identify targets. The effects of biased ATD on identification should be considered with respect to the operational context.

Application:

Less-than-perfectly-reliable ATD is a useful detection aid for dismounted soldiers. Disclosure of known ATD identification bias to the operator may aid the identification process.
Mechanical properties and thermal stability of hot-rolled Al–15%B4C composite sheets containing Sc and Zr at elevated temperature
Authors: Qin Jian , Zhang Zhan , Chen X-Grant
Published: October 2016

The microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal stability and tensile fracture of two hot-rolled Al-15 vol.% B4C composite sheets (S40 with 0.4 wt.% Sc and SZ40 with 0.4 wt.% Sc and 0.24 wt.% Zr) were investigated. During multi-pass hot rolling, coarse Al3Sc or Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitations appeared and resulted in the loss of most of their hardening effect. In an appropriate post-rolling heat treatment, the hot-rolled sheets regained a significant precipitation hardening because of the precipitation of fine nanoscale Al3Sc and Al3(Sc,Zr) that uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. After the peak aging, the ultimate tensile strength at ambient temperature of the S40 and SZ40 sheets can reach 198 MPa and 215 MPa, respectively. During 2000 h of annealing at 300℃, the strengths at ambient temperature of both S40 and SZ40 composite sheets slowly decreased with increasing annealing time. However, the tensile strengths at 300℃ of both S40 and SZ40 composite sheets remained nearly unchanged and were less sensitive to the annealing time and more tolerable for precipitate coarsening, which demonstrated an excellent long-term thermal stability of both materials at elevated temperature. The tensile fracture at ambient temperature of both S40 and SZ40 composite sheets was dominated by the brittle B4C particle fracture, whereas the interfacial decohesion of B4C particles became the prominent characteristic of the fracture at 300℃.
Working Conditions in Self-Contained Settings for Students With Emotional Disturbance
Authors: Bettini Elizabeth A. , Cumming Michelle M. , Merrill Kristen L. , Brunsting Nelson C. , Liaupsin Carl J.
Published: October 2016

Students with emotional disturbance (ED) depend upon special education teachers (SETs) to use evidence-based practices (EBPs) to promote their well-being. SETs, in turn, depend upon school leaders to provide working conditions that support learning and implementation of academic and social EBPs. We conducted an integrative narrative review of research examining working conditions SETs experience serving students with ED in self-contained schools and classes, to better understand whether SETs in these settings experience conditions necessary to effectively implement academic and social EBPs. Our findings suggest that conditions necessary for learning and implementing EBPs are seldom present in these settings. In addition, the extant research on SETs’ working conditions in these settings is largely disconnected from research investigating teachers’ use of EBPs.
Derivation and verification of the round trip time equation and two performance coefficients for double-deck elevators under incoming traffic conditions
Authors: Al-Sharif Lutfi , AlOsta Enas , Abualhomos Noor , Suhweil Yazan
Published: October 2016

Double-deck elevators are a very efficient mode of transport, especially in high rise buildings. This is due to the fact that they reduce the number of stops in a round trip (leading to a smaller value of the round trip time hence a higher handling capacity) and take up less space of the core of the building leading to high space usage efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive treatment of the double-deck elevator traffic calculations. It derives an exact set of equations to find the value of the round trip time under incoming traffic conditions, for the cases of equal and unequal floor populations. Moreover, equations have also been derived for two performance coefficients. The first coefficient is called the passenger transfer efficiency coefficient and is representative of the time taken by passenger to alight from the double-deck elevator. The second coefficient is called the coincidental stopping coefficient and is representative of the stopping efficiency. All the results from the equations have been verified using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The method of stepwise verification has been used in order to verify the equations. Under stepwise verification, the equations are derived in stages and each stage is verified against the results from the Monte Carlo Simulation method. The paper ends by suggesting methods of dealing with two of the irregular conditions. Namely two cases are discussed: the case where the number of floors above the main entrance is odd; and the case where the floor heights are unequal and the rated speed is not attained in one double floor journey.

Practical application: This paper presents a full set of equations that allow the elevator system designer to fully assess the expected performance of the double-deck elevator system under incoming traffic conditions. These equations (manually or within a software program) can be used to carry out a full design (thus selecting the number, speed, and capacity of the double-deck elevators).
Pediatric Enteral Access Device Management
Authors: Abdelhadi Ruba A. , Rahe Katina , Lyman Beth
Published: October 2016

Enteral nutrition (EN) support has proven to be a nutrition intervention that can provide full or partial calories to promote growth and development in infants and children. To supply these nutrients, an enteral access device is required, and the use of these devices is growing. Placement of the proper device for the patient need, along with appropriate care and monitoring, is required for individualized patient management. When complications arise, early identification and management can prevent more serious morbidity. Complication management requires a tiered approach starting with staff nurses and ending with a physician expert. In addition to this, each institution needs to have an approach that is coordinated among disciplines and departments to promote consistency of practice. The formation of an enteral access team is a conduit for clinical experts to provide education to families, patients, and healthcare professionals while serving as a platform to address product and practice issues.
The Nature of Bias Crime Injuries: A Comparative Analysis of Physical and Psychological Victimization Effects
Authors: Fetzer Matthew D. , Pezzella Frank S.
Published: October 2016

The core justification of bias crime statutes concerns whether bias-motivated crimes are qualitatively different from otherwise motivated crimes. We test the hypothesis that bias crimes are more detrimental than non-bias crimes by testing for multi-dimensional injuries to victims of bias and non-bias-motivated criminal conduct. Using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Extract 2013 Collection Year Incident-level Extract File, we analyzed physical injuries and psychological trauma to NCVS victims during 2013. We found a range of covariates consistent with the likelihood of physical injury and psychological trauma. These included whether the incident was bias motivated, whether weapons (firearms, knives, other or unknown type of weapons) were involved, whether the incident involved multiple offenders or strangers, or whether drugs or alcohol were involved. Our findings reinforce previous studies that detected empirical evidence of multi-dimensional physical and psychological injuries to bias crime victims.
Dynamics and modeling of rocket towed net system
Authors: Jian Shen , Feng Han , Fang Chen , Qiao Zhou , Trivailo Pavel M
Published: October 2016

In order to study the complex dynamical behavior of the rocket towed net system, a three-dimensional model consisting of a rigid rocket model and a lumped mass net model is built based on the aerodynamics theory. The rocket towed net system model is solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method in simulation. Simulation and experimental results show that the accuracies of rocket towed net system expanding distance were about 90% of the system length. With the comparison of simulation, a rigid multibody model and experimental results in rocket mass center trajectory, velocity, and pitch angle, the dynamical characteristics of rocket towed net system have been basically studied. It illustrates that the lumped mass model simulates the real rocket towed net system flying test better than the rigid multibody model. It also shows that the dynamical parameters of rocket towed net system flight have an impact on the system in the whole flying process. Constitutive model of flexible net mesh-belts can be considered in the future research studies.
Penconazole alters redox status, cholinergic function, and membrane-bound ATPases in the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult rats
Authors: Chaâbane M , Ghorbel I , Elwej A , Mnif H , Boudawara T , Chaâbouni S Ellouze , Zeghal N , Soudani N
Published: October 2016

Pesticides exposure causes usually harmful effects to the environment and human health. The present study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of penconazole, a triazole fungicide, on the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult rats. Penconazole was administered intraperitoneally to male Wistar rats at a dose of 67 mg kg−1 body weight every 2 days during 9 days. Results showed that penconazole induced oxidative stress in rat cerebrum and cerebellum tissues. In fact, we have found a significant increase in malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and advanced oxidation protein product levels, as well as an alteration of the antioxidant status, enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and nonenzymatic (glutathione), the cholinergic function, and membrane-bound ATPases (Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase). Penconazole also provoked histological alterations marked by pyknotic and vacuolated neurons in the cerebrum and apoptosis and edema in the cerebellum Purkinje cells’ layer. Therefore, the use of this neurotoxicant fungicide must be regularly monitored in the environment.
Inmates and Prison Involvement With Drugs
Authors: Connor David Patrick , Tewksbury Richard
Published: October 2016

Using data from one Midwestern state, the present study focuses on the importation and deprivation characteristics of 543 adult inmates to identify the types of inmates who participate in drug-related behavior during their incarceration. Overall, findings reveal that currently or formerly married inmates, as well as those engaged in general prison misconduct, were more likely to be involved in drug-related activity behind bars. Limitations, directions for future research, and implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Modeling approach to evaluating reduction in stress intensity factor in center-cracked plate with piezoelectric actuator patches
Authors: Abuzaid Ahmed , Hrairi Meftah , Dawood MSI Shaik
Published: October 2016

Active repairs using piezoelectric actuators can play a significant role in reducing the crack damage propagation in thin plate structures. Mode-I crack opening displacement is the most predominant one in tension, and it is responsible for the failure which in turn affects the load carrying capability of the cracked structure. In addition, there are limited studies that investigated the effect of the piezoelectric actuator over mode-I active repair. In this study, the mode-I stress intensity factor for a plate with a center crack, and a bonded piezoelectric actuator was modeled using the linear elastic fracture mechanics. For this, an analytical closed-form solution is developed using the virtual crack closure technique taking into account mode-I as the only effective mode, coupling effects of the piezoelectric patch, and the singular stress at the crack tip. In addition, the total stress intensity factor was obtained by the superposition of the stress intensity factor obtained from the stresses produced by the piezoelectric actuators on the crack surfaces as the only external loads on the cracked plate and the stress intensity factor due to the far-field tension load. The proposed analytical model for mode-I stress intensity factor was verified by a finite element–based approach using ANSYS finite element software. The results demonstrated a good agreement between the analytical and finite element models with a relative error of less than 4% in all the cases studied. The results illustrated that the piezoelectric patch is efficient in reducing stress intensity factor when an extension mode of the actuator is applied. However, applying a contraction mode of the piezoelectric actuators produced negative strain which increased the stress intensity factor and thus the severity of the cracked structure and could lead to damage propagation.
Non-Newtonian hydrodynamic modeling of electrorheological finishing feature based on wheel-like finishing tool
Authors: Feng Yunpeng , Su Jingshi , Cheng Haobo
Published: October 2016

Electrorheological finishing method is a promising method for small parts fabrication. The small footprint of the tool can provide material removal by virtue of numerical control machine. The characteristics of electrorheological polishing fluid is tested by Haake CV20 rheometer. The dependence of shear stress and viscosity of the electrorheological polishing fluid under different supply voltage, as well as the field dependence of shear stress of ER polishing fluid at different shear rate, was obtained. Hydrodynamic pressure model in working area was studied based on the phenomenon of hydrodynamic lubrication theory of Bingham fluid, and it is proved that the pressure distribution is the dominant factor on the footprint shape. The experiments further showed that the efficiency of material removal is a combined action of hydrodynamic pressure and wheel speed.
Grow a Pair! Critically Analyzing Masculinity and the Testicles
Authors: Karioris Frank G. , Allan Jonathan A.
Published: October 2016

The testicles are remarkably important to the construction of male identity. We tell men to “grow a pair.” So what, we might ask, then is the place of the testicles in men’s studies? Truth be told, the testicles have not occupied significant attention in gender studies, and certainly not in the same way as the phallus has. This article, therefore, seeks to position the testicles as an object of study in the field of men’s studies.