bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where do they stand? A post-structuralist examination of offense-supportive narratives constructed by men convicted of child sexual abuse
Authors: Knack Natasha , Holmes Dave , Hammond Chad , Trunzo Melissa , Murphy Lisa , Fedoroff Paul
Published: September 2022

Decisions to engage in child sexual abuse (CSA) are not motivated solely by sexual interest in children. Given the complex interplay of personal, relational, and societal factors involved, we explored the narratives men constructed around their subjective motivations for offending, situated within the post-structuralist constructs of desire, power, and ethical subjectivity. Interviews were conducted with 25 men charged/convicted of CSA. Offenses were often contextualized as attempts to satisfy sexual and/or emotional desires. While some participants reported a persistent interest in children, others attempted to satisfy these desires through CSA in response to negative experiences with adults, including sexual overregulation, sexual objectification, and demoralization. Participants’ subversion of social and ethical norms was aided by offense-supportive narratives that stemmed from their interactions with/interpretations of the world. Interventions to prevent CSA may benefit from a post-structuralist perspective of the social and cultural mechanisms by which men’s decisions to engage in CSA are shaped.
Dapagliflozin Prevents ERK Activation and SGLT2-Dependent CD105 Upregulation in Mechanically-stretched Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yeh Tung-Chen , Wong Tzyy Yue , Sun Gwo-Ching , Tseng Ching-Jiunn , Cheng Pei-Wen
Published: September 2022

Background
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are rapidly gaining ground in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AMI is one of the long-term effects for heart failure and its underlying mechanism is not well-understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of SGLT2 when cardiac cells were subjected to mechanical cyclic stretch. We hypothesized that SGLT2 is required for sensing mechanical stretch in cardiomyocytes.
Method
Human cardiomyocytes were cultured as monolayer on stretchable membranes, subjected to cyclic stretch for 24h at 1 Hertz (Hz). The TGFB1 or CD105 were used as specific biomarker for AMI in cardiomyocytes.
Results
AMI (+) serum showed increased TGFB1 and CD105 compared to AMI (-) patients. In consistent, Troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633 and ERK1/2T202/Y204 were up-regulated after 5% and 25% of 24h cyclic stretch. SGLT2 inhibition through Dapagliflozin addition significantly decreased Troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633 and ERK1/2T202/Y204 under 25% cyclic stretching. In summary, SGLT2 may have sensed mechanical stretch in a way similar to cardiac overloading in vivo. By blocking SGLT2 in stretched cardiomyocytes, the AMI biomarkers (CD105, troponin I and P-ERK) were decreased, potentially to rescue eNOS production to maintain normal cellular function.
Conclusion
This discovery of CD105 and SGLT2 increase in mechanically-stretched cardiomyocytes suggests that SGLT2 may conceive a novel role in direct or indirect sensing of mechanical stretch, prompting the possibility of an in vitro cardiac overloaded cell model, an alternative to animal heart model.
Preventive effect of tertiary lymphoid structures on lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wakasu Sho , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Haratake Naoki , Kinoshita Fumihiko , Oku Yuka , Ono Yuki , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Oda Yoshinao , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Mori Masaki
Published: September 2022

Background: Ectopic lymphoid formations are called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). TLSs in cancer have been reported to be associated with good prognosis and immunotherapy response. However, the relationship between TLSs and lymph node (LN) metastasis is unclear.
Methods: We analyzed 218 patients with radically resected lung adenocarcinoma. TLSs were defined as the overlap of T-cell zone and B-cell zone. Granzyme B +cells were defined as cytotoxic lymphocytes. We evaluated phenotypes of lymphocytes in TLSs, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and LNs by immunohistochemistry. We divided the patients into mature TLS (DC-Lamp high) and immature TLS (DC-Lamp low) groups. The relationship between TLS maturation and clinicopathological factors was analyzed.
Results: The mature TLS group was associated with significantly lower frequency of LN metastasis (P <0.0001) and early cancer stage (P=0.0049). The mature TLS group had significantly more CD8 + (P=0.0203) and Foxp3 + (P=0.0141) cells in TILs than the immature TLS group had. Mature TLSs were independently associated with a favorable overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=0.17, P=0.0220) and disease-free survival (HR=0.54, P=0.0436).Multivariate analysis showed that mature TLS was an independent low-risk factor for LN metastasis (odds ratio=0.06, P=0.0003). The number of cytotoxic lymphocytes in LNs was higher in the mature TLS group than in the immature group (20.0 vs. 15.1, P=0.017).
Conclusion: Mature TLSs were associated with an increased number of cytotoxic lymphocytes in draining LNs, a lower frequency of LN metastasis, and favorable outcomes. Mature TLSs may support antitumor immunity by lymphocyte activation.
A Description of Malaria–related Knowledge, Perceptions, Practices, and Treatment– Seeking Behaviors of Migrants Workers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdalal Shaymaa A. , Yukich Joshua , Andrinoplous Katherine , Alghanmi Maimonah , Wakid Majed H. , Zawawi Ayat , Harakeh Steve , Altwaim Sarah , Gattan Hattan , Niyazi Hatton , Alruhaili Mohammed , Keating Joseph , Baakdah Fadi
Published: September 2022

Background: Human movement along the Saudi/Yemen border is thought to play a strong role in malaria transmission in Saudi Arabia. Although mobile populations and migrant workers are a key population to containing malaria transmission on border areas, there is a limited representation of migrants in routine surveillance data. Understanding migrant’s malaria–related knowledge, risk perceptions, prevention protocols and treatment seeking behavior could increase the elimination programs success and increase access to healthcare and preventive measures.
Methods: A survey of migrant workers in the rural agricultural area took place in Abu Arish region at the southern border of Saudi Arabia, using peer navigators a form of snowball sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered, and the data was captured electronically. STATA software version 16 was used to analyses the data.
Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to determine which factors are associated with correct malaria knowledge, health perception, the use of preventive measurement and malaria infection. A total of 227 participants were included in the study. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with correct malaria knowledge and health perceptions.
Results: 79% of migrant workers have been residents for more than six months. They have 94% accuracy level of knowledge about malaria which is considered high (214/227 = 94.27%). Overall, 65.2% of the participants had a positive attitude toward malaria. Although only 19% of the participants had received health message or malaria information in the preceding six months. Bed net ownership was extremely low among participants 5%, Interestingly more than two–thirds of the participants reported never visiting a health facility if they had fever around 68%.
Conclusion: Most of migrant’s agricultural border in Abu Arish do not receive health messages nor do they benefit from the available malaria prevention tools and service available in the area. Which puts them at greater risk of malaria infection.
Geographic and urban–rural disparities in dietary energy and macronutrient composition among women of childbearing age: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1991–2015
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zuo Lijun , Sun Jian , Su Chang , Wang Huijun
Published: September 2022

Background
Understanding nutritional status among women of childbearing age (WCA) is of increasing concern, as nutrient intakes may affect the health of WCA and well-being of their offspring. This study aimed to investigate secular trends of dietary energy and macronutrients intakes and access longitudinally the urban-rural and geographic disparities among Chinese WCA.
Methods
A total of 10,219 participants were involved in three rounds of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS:1911, 2004, and 2015). Average macronutrients intakes were compared against the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes Standard (DRIs) to better assess adequacy. Mixed effect models were used to estimate the secular trends of dietary intake.
Results
A total of 10,219 participants were involved. Dietary fat, the percentage of energy (%E) from fat, and the proportion with more than 30% of energy from fat and less than 50% from carbohydrates increased notably over time (p < 0.001). In 2015, urban western WCA had the most dietary fat (89.5g/d), %E from fat (41.4%), with the highest proportion of energy from fat (81.7%) and carbohydrate (72.1%) out the range of DRIs. From 1991 to 2015, the average urban-rural differences in dietary fat decreased from 15.7 g/d to 3.2 g/d among eastern WCA. However, it increased to 16.4 g/d and 6.3 g/d among central and western WCA, respectively.
Conclusion
WCA was experiencing a rapid transformation to a high-fat diet. Temporal variation with obvious urban-rural and geographic disparities in dietary. energy and macronutrient composition persistently existed among Chinese WCA.These findings have implications of future public strategies to strengthen the nutrition propaganda and education of balanced diet for WCA to help them to improve their nutritional status, especially for those living in western China.
Viral Load suppression after intensive adherence counselling among HIV infected adults at Kiswa Health Centre, Kampala: A retrospective cohort study. Secondary data analysis
Authors: Nakaye Catherine , Mukiza Nelson , Mawanda Denis , Kataike Hajira , Kaganzi Hellen , Ahimbisibwe Grace Miriam , Businge Gerald Bright , Kyambadde Raymonds Crespo , Nakalega Rita
Published: September 2022

Background
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS through the 95-95-95 target requires 95% of people with HIV infection (PWHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) to be virally suppressed. Viral Load (VL) non-suppression has been found to be associated with suboptimal ART adherence, and Intensive Adherence Counselling (IAC) has been shown to lead to VL re-suppression by over 70% in PWHIV on ART. Currently, there is data paucity on VL suppression after IAC in adult PWHIV in Uganda. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of VL suppression after IAC and associated factors among adult PWHIV on ART at Kiswa Health Centre in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods
Study was a retrospective cohort design and employed secondary data analysis to review routine program data. Medical records of adult PWHIV on ART for at least six months with VL non-suppression from January 2018 to June 2020 at Kiswa HIV clinic were examined in May 2021. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine sample characteristics and study outcome proportions. Multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess predictors of VL suppression after IAC.
Results
Analysis included 323 study participants of whom 204 (63.2%) were female, 137 (42.4%) were between the age of 30 and 39 years; and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29–42). Participant linkage to IAC was 100%. 48.6% (157/323) of participants received first IAC session within 30 days or less after unsuppressed VL result. 66.78% (205/307) of participants who received recommended three or more IAC sessions achieved VL suppression. 34% of participants completed three IAC sessions in recommended 12 weeks. Receipt of three IAC sessions (ARR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.16–1.53, p < 0.001) and having baseline VL of 1,000–4,999 copies/ml (ARR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.26–1.73, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with VL suppression after IAC.
Conclusion
VL suppression proportion of 66.78% after IAC in this population was comparable to 70%, the percentage over which adherence interventions have been shown to cause VL re-suppression. However, timely IAC intervention is needed from receipt of unsuppressed VL results to IAC process completion. Resistance testing should be performed for PWHIV with persistent VL non-suppression after IAC for apt ART regimen switch.
Nudging Hand Hygiene in Long Term Facilities: a Pilot Study Among Health Workers in Northern Italy
Authors: braut beatrice , Gon Giorgia , Medda Tiziana , Musetti Marzia , Pennesi Daniele
Published: September 2022

Background.
The aim was to design and pilot an intervention to improve hand hygiene compliance in long-term facilities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nothern Italy. Infection prevention has received so far poor attention in Long Term Facilities (LTFs) which were disproportionally affected by COVID-19 deaths.
Methods.
We used structured and unstructured observation and facilitated group discussions to investigate the barriers and facilitators of hand hygiene. The formative phase run across two long-term facilities in the Piedmont and Lombardy regions, Italy. The intervention took place between June and July 2021 in one long term facility in the Turin province, Piedmont, Italy. It involved two wards, placed on separate floors and with separate staff. The intervention included three behaviour change techniques: to improve knowledge, we used a briefing and posters; to increase salience, we used sign-posting the patient zone using tape; to increase ease of access to handrub, we providing portable baskets. We run a cross-over design to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
Results.
We found that hand hygiene compliance was extremely low (~ 1%) during the baseline measurements. In the ward which received the intervention first, compliance was 28% during the intervention and then fell to 8% when the intervention was removed. Health workers had five times the odds of washing hands during the intervention compared to when the intervention was removed (OR = 4.9; CI:2.43–9.04). In the ward where control precedes the intervention, compliance went from 10–15% but the change was not significant.
Conclusions.
Hand hygiene compliance was alarmingly low. The intervention, and more specifically improving access and salience, was able to leverage substantial hand hygiene improvement. Altogether, the results suggest that the intervention is feasible at a very low cost and potentially effective and that there is need to test it with a large-scale study.
Effect of a 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to IVF/ICSI on perinatal outcomes in overweight or obese infertile women
Authors: Yang Chen , Yang Shuheng , Zheng Wei , Zu Ruowen , Ran Shiyu , Wu Huan , Kuang Yihui , Li Mengna , Guan Yichun
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether a 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI) and a higher weight reduction ratio effectively improved perinatal outcomes for infertile overweight or obese women.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a university-affiliated fertility center.Two thousand three hundred and eighty-one overweight or obese infertile women who underwent or did not undergo a 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to IVF/ICSI between February 27, 2017 and November 11, 2020 were included in our study. All of these women achieved clinical pregnancies and delivered a single child after assisted pregnancy therapy.Primary outcomes included
neonatal birth weight and the incidence of premature delivery, low birth weight, and pregnancy complications.
Results: Birth weight was significantly higher in the intervention group (3519.6 ± 484.8 g) than the control group (3406.8 ± 554.2 g; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pregnancy complications between the two groups. As the weight loss ratio increased, the incidence of low birth weight, premature delivery, stillbirth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and premature membrane rupture showed a downward trend. Linear regression analysis found that the weight-loss intervention prior to IVF/ICSI and lower HOMA-IR at ovulation induction wereassociated with increased birth weight.
Conclusions: A 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to IVF/ICSI may increase neonatalbirth weight, reduce blood glucose concentration, and improve insulin resistance in infertile overweight or obese women. Several perinatal outcomes may be improved by an increased weight reduction ratio.
Numerical identification of the fractal orders in the generalized nonlocal elastic model
Authors: Chi Guangsheng , LI Gongsheng
Published: September 2022

This article deals with numerical solution and identification of the fractional orders for the generalized nonlocal elastic model. Based on the collocation-finite difference scheme for the forward operator, a regularized method is proposed for solving of the forward problem with Tikhonov regularization, which gives a feasible approach to numerical solution of the nonlocal elastic model. The inverse problem of determining the fractional orders is solved by using the optimal perturbation algorithm with additional observations at some measurable points. The inversion solutions with noisy data give good approximations to the exact orders demonstrating the effectiveness of the numerical algorithms.
PhD Studies Hurt Mental Health, but Less than You Think
Authors: Keloharju Matti , Knüpfer Samuli , Müller Dagmar , Tåg Joacim
Published: September 2022

We study the mental health of PhD students in Sweden using comprehensive administrative data on prescriptions, specialist care visits, hospitalizations, and causes of death. We find about 7% (5%) of PhD students receive medication or diagnosis for depression (anxiety) in a given year. These prevalence rates are less than one-third of the corresponding survey-based prevalence rates reported in the literature, and even after adjusting for difference in methodology, 44% (72%) of the prevalence rates reported in the literature. We also document PhD students’ mental health significantly worsens relative to their peers after they have entered the program. This deterioration is consistent with doctoral studies having a negative causal effect on mental health.
HPV vaccination prevalence among Lebanese Female University Students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khoury Joey El , Halabi Rami , Hleyhel Mira , Kishly Wafaa El Rahman , Khoury Raghid El , Saleh Nadine
Published: September 2022

Background
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, worldwide. Most frequently, cervical cancer is caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A lack of studies concerning HPV knowledge and vaccination among the Lebanese population is noticed. We aim to assess the prevalence of HPV vaccine administration among female university students in Lebanon alongside determining the predictors influencing vaccine uptake. Lastly, Knowledge scores concerning HPV and HPV vaccination are also computed.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional analytical study. It is an anonymous, online-based close-ended questions survey, conducted between the 24th of February 2021 and the 30th of March 2021. Our questionnaire was addressed to females aged between 17 and 30 years old and enrolled in a Lebanese university. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.26. We used bivariate analysis to compare the rate of vaccination with different variables. We used the Chi-square test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables. Logistic linear regression was conducted between the state of vaccination and other statistically significant variables from the bivariate analysis.
Results
We have received a total of 454 questionnaires. Among the respondents, only 18.9% had received a minimum of one dose of the HPV vaccine. The mean age of uptaking the first dose of the vaccine was 17.5 years old. In addition, 48% of the respondents were not willing to take the HPV vaccine during the upcoming year. Barriers to not taking the HPV vaccine were mainly the low levels of knowledge concerning HPV and its vaccine. In the multivariate analysis, three predictors were found to affect the rate of HPV vaccination: university type, paternal educational level, and HPV vaccine knowledge score. In detail, a student enrolled in a public university had a 77% likelihood of not being vaccinated. Furthermore, female students with a paternal educational level higher than a university degree had an 88% probability of being vaccinated. Finally, every increase in the HPV vaccination knowledge of one point increased the likelihood of being vaccinated by 37%.
Conclusion
A low vaccination rate among female university students in Lebanon was noticed in our study. In addition, a lack of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge was found in our population. An awareness campaign alongside public vaccination programs are recommended in order to accomplish higher rates of HPV immunization.
Security Building into I-Button
Authors: Mallapuram Venu gopal , E.G Rajan
Published: September 2022

Recent developments in VLSI design using nano devices and the relevant state of the art methodologies have made latest smarter systems available for critical use. Such smart devices could be found in the general market for use with systems pertaining to telecommunications, image processing, mechatronics and so on. One of the security authentication methods used for smart device applications is I-button technology. I-button consists of a memory chip which is enclosed in a stainless steel can of 16 mm thickness. This can is attached to a key fob and a ring. I-button could be used not only for access control applications like computer usage and building entry but also be used as a support device for asset management and data-logging. Every I-button has a unique device address embedded in chip itself [22], meaning all I- buttons come with their already designated addresses. Since I- buttons are fabricated with their stored unique chip addresses, and also user information is stored in EEPROM for user authentication, one can enhance communication security to second level.
Efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid administration in medial opening wedge distal tuberosity osteotomy (MOWDTO) for varus knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial
Authors: Iseki Takuya , Iseki Tomoya , Kanto Ryo , Onishi Shintaro , Yoshiya Shinichi , Tachibana Toshiya , Nakayama Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

Background: This randomized controlled study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) administration in reducing perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing medial open-wedge distal tibial tuberosity osteotomy (MOWDTO). It was hypothesized that TXA would reduce perioperative blood loss in MOWDTO.
Methods: A total of 61 knees in 59 patients who underwent MOWDTO during the study period were randomly assigned to either of the groups with intravenous TXA administration (TXA group) or without TXA administration (Control group). In the TXA group, patients received 1000 mg of TXA intravenously before skin incision and 6 hours after the first dose. The primary outcomes was the volume of perioperative total blood loss which calculated using the blood volume and hemoglobin (Hb) drop. The Hb drop was calculated as the difference between preoperative Hb and postoperative Hb at day1,3,and 7.
Results: The perioperative total blood loss was significantly lower in the TXA group (543±219 ml vs 880±268 ml, P < 0.001). The Hb drop were significantly lower at postoperative days 1, 3 and 7 in the TXA group than in the control group (Day 1: 1.28 ± 0.68 g/dl vs 1.91 ± 0.69 g/dl, P = 0.001; Day 3: 1.54 ± 0.66 g/dl vs 2.69 ± 1.00 g/dl, P < 0.001; Day 7: 1.74 ± 0.66 g/dl vs 2.83 ± 0.91 g/dl, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Intravenous TXA administration in MOWDTO could reduce the perioperative blood loss.
Trial registration: The study was approved by the institutional review board. (Registered on 26/02/2019 Registration Number 3136).
Level of Evidence: Level I, randomized controlled trial.
Topological Cluster Statistic (TCS): Towards structural-connectivity-guided fMRI cluster enhancement
Authors: L. Sina Mansour , Seguin Caio , Winkler Anderson , Noble Stephanie , Zalesky Andrew
Published: September 2022

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies use cluster-based inference to detect local changes in brain activity. Insufficient statistical power and disproportionate false-positive rates reportedly hinder optimal inference. We propose a structural-connectivity-guided clustering framework, called TCS, that enhances sensitivity by leveraging white matter anatomical connectivity information. TCS harnesses multimodal information from diffusion tractography and functional imaging to improve task fMRI activation inference. Compared to conventional approaches, TCS consistently improves power over a wide range of effects. This improvement results in a 10%-50% local sensitivity increase with the greatest gains for medium-sized effects. TCS additionally enables inspection of underlying anatomical networks and thus uncovers knowledge regarding the anatomical underpinnings of brain activation. This novel approach is made available in FSL PALM software to facilitate future usability. Given the increasing recognition that activation reflects widespread, coordinated processes, TCS provides a way to integrate the known structure underlying widespread activations into neuroimaging analyses moving forward.
Is it a better option for young patients with femoral neck fracture to be placed with four cannulated screws during reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Sun Weijun
Published: September 2022

Aim
To compare the efficacy of three cannulated screws and four cannulated screws in the treatment of femoral neck fracture.
Methods
This is a retrospective study.A total of 215 patients were enrolled for the study. Patients who received four cannulated screws were included in the observation group, while patients who received three cannulated screws were included in the control group. Both groups were followed up for at least 1 year. The general data and surgical conditions of the two groups were compared.
Results
A total of 213 patients were included in the study. Among them, 97 patients received four cannulated screws and were included in the observation group. The remaining patients were included in the control group. There was no significant difference in the basic data of these patients. The patients in the observation group had longer actual operation and more intraoperative bleeding, and the difference was statistically significant.At the same time, the patients in the observation group also need to receive more intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy times, and the difference is statistically significant.Compared with the patients in the control group, the patients in the observation group had better Harris score and hip joint activity, whether 6 months or 1 year after operation, and the difference was statistically significant.At the same time, the number of patients with delayed fracture healing or nonunion in the observation group was also relatively low, and the difference was also statistically significant.There were fewer cases of femoral head necrosis or unequal length of lower limbs in the observation group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Four cannulated screws should be considered for fracture fixation in young patients with femoral neck fractures. This fixation method has the advantage of fast healing time, and the range of motion and functional score of patients' hip joint will also have more advantages.
High purity grade phycocyanin recovery by decupling cell lysis from the pigment extraction – an innovative approach
Authors: Lauceri Rosaria , Cavone Cristina , Zittelli Graziella Chini , Kamburska Lyudmila , Musazzi Simona , Torzillo Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

Phycocyanin, a phycobiliprotein, is one of the few natural blue pigments available as food colorant and it is largely used in food industry and in cosmetics. We have devised an innovative two-step extraction process which allowed to obtain bright blue phycocyanin crude extracts with high purity grade P (within 2.5 and 3.5) directly from fresh biomass of Arthrospira platensis Gomont 1892 (commonly named Spirulina). We found out and for the first time exploited ammonium sulphate capability to minimize the release of water soluble phycobiliproteins in aqueous medium during ultrasound-assisted cell lysis/purification phase. The conventional sequence which is, extraction followed by purification, was reversed. The extraction phase was decoupled from biomass cell lysis. Cell lysis, accomplished by ultrasonication in ammonium sulphate solution, was merged with purification in a single step, before the pigment extraction/recovering phase. The process was entirely carried out in aqueous solutions. No downstream purification was required to obtain products suitable for the most common phycocyanin applications (i.e., foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics). Production time, hours instead of days, was reduced to the advantage of the product quality. The process has the great advantages of (1) direct use of extracting solutions that cannot be used in the ordinary ultrasound-assisted extraction of phycocyanin (because of the extensive simultaneous extraction of contaminant molecules), (2) gain of high commercial value phycocyanin due to the elevated purity grade and (3) direct production of highly concentratedbright blue pigment crude extracts (up to about 5 mg mL-1) immediately in hand to the market.
Nasal Tslp and Periostin in Infants With Severe Bronchiolitis and Risk of Asthma at 4 Years of Age
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Maria Luz , Sastre Beatriz , Arroyas Maria , Beato Maite , Alonso Patricia , Rodrigo-Muñoz Jose Manuel , Pozo Victoria Del , Casas Inmaculada , Calvo Cristina
Published: September 2022

Background.
Severe bronchiolitis is often associated with subsequent respiratory morbidity, mainly recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, the underlying immune mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of nasal detection of periostin and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) during severe bronchiolitis and asthma development at 4 years of age.
Methods.
Observational, longitudinal, post-bronchiolitis, hospital-based, follow-up study.
Children hospitalized for bronchiolitis between October/2013 and July/2017, currently aged 4 years, included in a previous study to investigate the nasal airway secretion of TSLP and periostin during bronchiolitis, were included. Parents were contacted by telephone, and were invited to a clinical interview based on a structured questionnaire to obtain information on the respiratory evolution. The ISAAC questionnaire for asthma symptoms for 6-7-year-old children, was also employed.
Results.
A total of 248 children were included (median age 4.1 years). Overall, 21% had ever been diagnosed with asthma and 37% had wheezed in the last 12 months. Measurable nasal TSLP was detected at admission in 27(11%) cases and periostin in 157(63%). The detection of nasal TSLP was associated with the subsequent prescription of maintenance asthma treatment (p=0.04), montelukast (p=0.01), and the combination montelukast/inhaled glucocorticosteroids (p=0.03). Admissions for asthma tended to be more frequent in children with TSLP detection(p=0.07). In the multivariate analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, the detection of TSLP remained independently associated with chronic asthma treatment prescription (aOR:2.724;CI:1.051-7.063, p:0.04).
Nasal detection of periostin was associated with lower frequency of ever use of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABA) (p=0.04), lower prevalence of current asthma (p=0.02), less prescription maintenance asthma treatment in the past 12 months (p=0.02, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, periostin was associated with lower risk of asthma at 4 years, independently of the atopic status (aOR:0.511 CI 95%:0.284-0.918, p:0.025).
Conclusions.
Our results show a positive correlation between nasal TSLP detection in severe bronchiolitis and the prescripction of asthma maintenance treatment and respiratory admissions up to the age of 4 years. By contrast, we found a protective association between nasal periostin detection and current asthma at 4 years, ever diagnosis of asthma, maintenance asthma treatment prescription, and admissions for recurrent wheezing.
Transesophageal echocardiography in identifying papillary muscle rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: case report and review of literature
Authors: Peng Lingli , Wu Wenqian , Liu Beibei , Fang Lingyun , Xie Mingxin
Published: September 2022

Papillary muscle rupture (PMR) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Optimal outcomes require swift diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays an important role in the process. We present a missed diagnosis case of PMR in the initial procedure and review the literature, focusing on the features of diagnosis, which may be beneficial in clinical management.
A Study of the Comparative Influence of Captan and Dodine Fungicides on Fruit Set, Fruit Size, Return Bloom and Cropping of the Stayman Apple1
Authors: Groves A. B. , Rollins H. A.
Published: September 2022

Mature, bearing Staymen apple trees were subjected to a series of early season fungicide treatments to determine whether the fruiting performance of the variety might be affected by the use of captan or dodine applications. Both captan and dodine were used at rates recommended in Virginia. A limited number of treatments deviated from these levels. Data were taken and analyzed on fruit set, fruit weight, estimated bloom intensity, and estimated yield. Tests were conducted during the 1963, 1964 and 1965 seasons. All three test seasons were warm and dry during the blossom period, conditions favorable to bee activity and fruit set. Fruiting was heavy in 1963 and 1965, moderate in the 1964 season. No significant differences in fruitting performance between the captan and dodine treated trees were detected in any year.
The Burgundy Sport: Further Evidence of the Chimeral Nature of Pigmented Grapefruits
Authors: Olson E. O. , Cameron J. W. , Soost R. K.
Published: September 2022

Recently, we proposed (1) that the pink grapefruit varieties, Thompson and Foster, are periclinal chimeras, carrying factors for color in certain histogenic layers. Lycopene and other carotenes are the pigments involved (4). In the Thompson, histogenic Layer I (L-I) should carry the factor and Layer II (L-II) should not, since color is present in the juice vesicles but not in the rind and since nucellar seedlings, evidently derived from Layer II, show no red pigment in their fruits. Thompson was derived as a sport from the white Marsh grapefruit (6); the two varieties seem essentially identical except for fruit color.
Effect of Zineb Sprays on Zinc Concentration of Orange Leaves1
Authors: Smith Paul F.
Published: September 2022

Foliar sprays of zineb (zinc ethylene-1, 2-bisdithiocarbamate) on citrus increase leaf Zn even after rigorous washing of samples. Its characteristics seem to be no different than those of any other finely divided colloidal Zn compound.
Attractiveness of Tomato Varieties to Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Stoner Allan K. , Mason Horatio C.
Published: September 2022

Drosophila, or the vinegar fly as it is commonly called, is one of the most serious insect pests with which the processor of tomatoes has to contend today. It is primarily an insect contamination or nuisance problem. Tomato products found to be contaminated with any stage of this insect are subject to seizure and condemnation. Of the several species of Drosophila that may infest tomatoes, D. melanogaster Meigen is normally the most serious.
Potassium Deficiency in Valencia Orange Trees in California1
Authors: Embleton T. W. , Jones W. W. , Page A. L.
Published: September 2022

Field experiments in the past on Valencia orange trees in California have not shown any clear K deficiency as indicated by the effects of K applications on numbers of fruit produced per tree. Such experiments were established with little knowledge of the initial K nutritional status of the trees in question. Commercial use of citrus leaf analysis as a diagnostic tool has increased in recent years, and through this medium an orchard was found near Escondido, California with leaf K levels which indicated possible K deficiency. Some of the initial results of an experiment in this orchard are given in Table 1.
BA Induces Lateral Branching of Peperomia obtusifolia
Authors: Henny RJ
Published: September 2022

Treatment of Peperomia obtusifolia plants with a single foliar spray of N6-Benzyladenine (BA) at 250, 500, or 1000 mg/liter resulted in compact plants with an increased number of lateral branches.
Delay of Senescence in Carnations by Pyrazon, Phenidone Analogues, and Tiron
Authors: Baker James E. , Yi Wang Chien , Terlizzi Daniel E.
Published: September 2022

Pyrazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone], phenidone (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone), BW 755 C(3-amino-l-[m(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-pyrazoline), and monophenylbutazone (4-butyl-l-phenyl-3, 5-pyrazolidinedione) at 0.1 mM increased the vase life of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ‘White Sim’) by 48% to 85% over that of control flowers. Tiron (l,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate) also increased vase life about 38% at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 μM. These increases were additive to the beneficial effects of the control preservative solution which contained 2% sucrose, 0.02% 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate, and 0.02 m citric acid. A common feature of these compounds is that they are inhibitors of lipoxygenase.
Effect of Preemergence and Rope Wick Applications of Glyphosate on Rhubarb
Authors: Creager Richard A.
Published: September 2022

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was applied to rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum Linn. ‘Victoria Red’) as preplant sprays and rope wick applications. In 1982, the glyphosate sprays controlled weeds for 1 month. Rope wick applications controlled tall weeds for about 1 month, but new weeds grew. In 1983, more rhubarb plants emerged in the handweeded control and straw-mulched plots than in the herbicide-treated plots, partly ascribable to the previous year’s treatments. Weed control effects from either glyphosate spray or wick-wipe application lasted about 1 month (as in 1982), and new weeds grew. The straw-mulched and the weeded control plots produced the largest plants and greatest yields in both years.
Yield and Harvest Efficiency of Savoy Type Spinach
Authors: Dainello F J , Jones R. K. , Heineman R. R.
Published: September 2022

Selected gibberellin A3 (GA3) rates and application dates on yield and harvest efficiency of the savoy spinach (Spinacea oleracea) cultivar ‘Iron Duke’ were evaluated. The most favorable yield response was achieved under fall conditions with 15-20 g GA3/ha applied 7–14 days prior to the anticipated harvest date. When cool temperatures (5° to 12°C) prevailed during the treatment and posttreatment periods, increased GA3 rates and prolonged response times were necessary. Gibberellin A3 did not induce bolting when applied as early as 1 Nov. but applications later than 15 Feb. enhanced the rate of seed stalk development.
United States Fruit and Vegetable Harvest Mechanization and Labor Use Projections to 1990
Authors: Johnson Stanley S. , Zahara Mike
Published: September 2022

Harvest mechanization of fruit and vegetable crops is projected to increase slightly by 1990, mostly for processing crops. The pace of harvest mechanization may be slowed in the future due to a number of factors, including high capital investment and interest costs, and a plentiful farm labor supply. An upward trend is projected for harvest labor, reflecting anticipated production increases which raise labor requirements higher than the decreases from harvest mechanization. Harvest labor needs are concentrated among a few regions, especially the Pacific Region. Four fruit and 5 vegetable crops employ a great majority of harvest workers. The upward trend in demand for harvest workers represents a departure from the past downward total labor trend.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Blanpied G. David
Published: September 2022

The last American Society for Horticultural Science symposium on ethylene was held 13 years ago. Much progress has been made since then, particularly in the biochemistry and physiology of ethylene synthesis and the technology for control of ethylene reactions. It is this recent progress that precipitated this symposium. The 5 symposium papers will describe the details of this recent progress. I will attempt here to set a historical perspective for this symposium.
Control of Ethylene in the Postharvest Environment
Authors: Sherman Mark
Published: September 2022

The beneficial and harmful effects of ethylene (C2H4) on harvested horticultural products are well documented. The purpose of this presentation is to outline the technologies currently available in commercial horticulture for both the application of C2H4 to harvested horticultural crops, and the protection of these crops from the undesirable effects of C2H4. The research base for this topic cuts across many areas of considerable postharvest research, including temperature effects, atmospheric modification, and regulation of C2H4 synthesis. A complete review of any of these topics is beyond the scope of the presentation, and, in most instances, the reader is referred to recent research reports or comprehensive reviews of the specific subject.
Genotype-environment Interactions Involving British and Pacific Northwest Red Raspberry Cultivars
Authors: Dale Adam , Daubeny Hugh A.
Published: September 2022

Growth and fruiting of 8 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars, 4 of Pacific Northwest origin and 4 of British origin, were studied over a 4-year period at 2 sites, Abbotsford, British Columbia, and Invergowrie, Scotland. The sites are in the world’s 2 main production regions for the crop, and the cultivars include those important in the respective regions. The cultivars in the same origin group generally outyielded those of the other group at their place of origin. The cultivars yielding well at Invergowrie were those that had thick canes and produced fruit with high drupelet set. Those that yielded well at Abbotsford produced, in comparison, more fruiting laterals per cane. These characteristics would be useful in selecting for high yield in seedling populations grown at the respective sites.
Ascorbic Acid, Riboflavin, and Thiamin Content of Strawberries during Postharvest Handling
Authors: Hudson D. E. , Mazur M. M. , Lachance P. A.
Published: September 2022

California and Florida strawberries from wholesale and retail stores in the greater New York area were analyzed for ascorbic acid (AA), riboflavin, and thiamin upon arrival. Retail samples also were analyzed after 3 days of simulated consumer storage at 5.5° and 90% RH. Locally-grown New Jersey strawberries were analyzed the day of harvest and after 4 and 7 days of storage at 5.5°C and 90% RH. Levels of A A in California and Florida berries were, on average, 8 mg/100 g fresh weight lower in wholesale than in retail samples. The average AA content of New Jersey berries was 31 mg/100 g fresh weight less than combined values of berries from California and Florida. Riboflavin levels in all samples were about 80% less than reported in standard nutrient tables. Thiamin was higher than reported in standard tables.
Yield Component Analysis of ‘Benton’ and OR-US 4356 Strawberries
Authors: Olsen Jeffery L. , Martin Lloyd W. , Breen Patrick J.
Published: September 2022

In the 1st (1981) and 2nd (1982) fruiting years, ‘Benton’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) formed 25% to 30% more crowns/plant than the advanced breeding selection OR-US 4356. ‘Benton’ had fewer trusses/crown than OR-US 4356 in 1981 (0.93 vs. 1.47) but both had 1.5 in 1982. OR-US 4356 had about 60% more fruit/truss in each season; however, ‘Benton’ had 75% greater mean berry weight than OR-US 4356, so that the 2 genotypes produced essentially the same yields/plant in each season, averaging 0.82 kg (1981) and 0.94 kg (1982). The genotypes did not differ in the total number of achenes/berry. Both showed a linear increase in berry weight with achenes/berry; yet OR-US 4356 had significantly lower berry weight than ‘Benton’ at equivalent achenes/berry. Increased berry expansion in ‘Benton’ was reflected by a reduction in number of achenes/cm2 of berry surface. The values, averaged over both seasons, were 10.6 (‘Benton’) and 14.0 (OR-US 4356). OR-US 4356 failed to produce higher yields than ‘Benton’ because of limitation in fruit expansion.
Rapid Propagation and Establishment of Florists' Hydrangea
Authors: Bailey Douglas A. , Weiler Thomas C.
Published: September 2022

Several lines of copy were omitted in the paper, “Rapid Propagation and Establishment of Florists' Hydrangea”, by Douglas A. Bailey and Thomas C. Weiler, in the Dec. 1984 issue of HortScience 20(6):850–852.
Influence of Storage Conditions and Duration on Weight Loss in Storage, Field Survival, and Root Yield of Sweet Potato Transplants
Authors: Hall Melvin R.
Published: September 2022

‘Georgia Red’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plants were stored for 1, 2, and 3 weeks at 5°, 16°, and 27°C temperatures with and without bagging in perforated polyethylene. Storage conditions affected weight loss during all storage periods, but there was little difference in survival of transplants or root yield from plants stored for 1 week compared with nonstored plants. Storage at 5° for longer than 1 week was unsatisfactory because of rapid decline in field survival and root yield. Storage at 16° was superior to storage at 27°, and at 27° bagged plants were superior to bare root plants for enhancing survival and yield when plants were stored for more than one week before transplanting.
Rate of Natural Outcrossing in Monoecious Cucumbers
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Jenkins Samuel F.
Published: September 2022

The rate of natural outcrossing in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was measured at 3 locations in North Carolina, using the dominant allele for scab resistance as the marker gene. Outcrossing was measured within and between 1.5 m plots in isolation blocks. Between-row outcrossing averaged 36% over the 3 locations, and within-row outcrossing averaged 17%. Self-pollination accounted for 47% of the pollinations. Results suggest that populations should be intercrossed either as single plants, or in family rows treated with growth regulators to control pollen flow and prevent sib- and self-pollination.
Inservice Education Needs of Extension Professionals in Home Horticulture
Authors: Williams Barbara J. , Utzinger James D.
Published: September 2022

Three hundred and one Extension professionals (88.3% response), working in home horticulture educational programs in the United States in 1984, indicated their greatest areas of inservice education needs in program delivery are: 1) increasing expertise in the various subject matter areas, 2) developing skills in plant disorder diagnosis, 3) managing information files for rapid retrieval and dissemination, and 4) developing and implementing innovative programs. Subject matter areas where respondents have the greatest training need are: 1) pest identification and control, 2) diagnosis of plant disorders, 3) weed identification, 4) home fruit production, 5) information on recommended cultivars, and 6) ornamental plant identification. Home vegetable gardening ranked 1st in respondent perception of importance and perception of proficiency needed for job performance.