bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trypsin activates PAR2 inhibits the expression of tight junction protein through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Du Mengdie , Wang Luye , Wang Wei , Fu Wenshang , Sun Yongshun
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Trypsin activates protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which mediates the initiation of mucosal inflammation in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is crucial for the activation of pyroptosis, and inflammation becomes more severe. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PAR2 and NLRP3 on the tight junction (TJ) in the pathogenesis of GERD and the therapeutic effects of rabeprazole.
Methods: We constructed a rat GERD model using cardia myotomy and pyloric ligation. Two weeks following rabeprazole administration, we assessed the esophageal mucosal barrier using western blot and immunohistochemistry for Claudin-1 and Claudin-4, while exploring the expression of PAR2, NLRP3, and Caspase-1. Human esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs) were produced with overexpression of PAR2 and treated with PAR2 agonist and inhibitor, respectively, to observe the changes in the NLRP3 pathway and esophageal TJ protein.
RESULTS: The expression of Claudin-1 and Claudin-4 decreased, whereas the expression of PAR2, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 increased in the GERD group compared to the Sham group. PAR2 inhibitor reversed these processes. In HEECs, trypsin activated PAR2 and NLRP3 and disrupted TJ protein. PAR2 agonist played an identical role. PAR2 inhibitor blocked these processes. The effectiveness of rabeprazole was outperformed by the addition of a PAR2 inhibitor.
CONCLUSION: Trypsin in reflux can cause GERD by activating the PAR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which impairs the esophageal mucosal barrier. Our research will aid in the identification of potential targets for the treatment of GERD.
Resting frontal alpha asymmetry as a biomarker of depression: a meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Yiwen , Tang Mingcong , Fan Xiwang
Published: December 2023

Background: Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has frequently been reported as a potential discriminator between participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy control, with discrepancies across studies. The current study aimed to provide an up-to-date meta-analysis on the diagnostic value of FAA in major depressive disorder (MDD) and explore the potential of FAA as a diagnostic biomarker of MDD.
Methods: Pubmed database was searched through July 2023. Studies were included if the article covered both MDD and controls, used FAA measure involving EEG electrodes (F3/F4, F7/F8, or Fp1/Fp2), and provided data regarding potential covariates. Hedges’ d was calculated from FAA means and standard deviations (SDs). Subgroup analysis was carried out to explore the source of heterogeneity.
Results: 23 studies were included (MDD: n = 1928, controls: n = 2604). A significant Grand Mean effect size (ES) was obtained from FAA(F4−F3) (d = -0.03; CI = [-0.05] – [-0.01]). The subgroup analyses showed no significant differences stratified by the calculation formula, the reference montage, age, and depression severity.
Conclusions: The main result was a small but significant ES that was only present for FAA(F4−F3), indicating insufficient diagnostic value of FAA in MDD. Although subgroup analysis did not reveal potential effects of other moderators, future studies should include comorbidity and medication status in the analysis to eliminate interaction effects.
Analysis of Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall among the Agro-Climatic Zone of Abiya Watershed, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Meharie Enyew Azene , Taye Mintesinot Azene , Lema Adane Tesfaye , Alemu Melkamu Meseret
Published: December 2023

Studies like this have a paramount advantage in area where rain-fed agriculture is dominant. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall among the agro-climatic zones of Abiya Watershed. The study employed 50 sample grid points from CHIRPS for the period 1981–2019 with a spatial resolution of 5km\(\times\)5km. Coefficient of variation (CV), precipitation concentration index (PCI), and Standardized anomaly index (SAI) were used to analyze rainfall variability. Mann Kendall’s (MK) and Sen’s slop have used to define the trends and magnitude of the changes in rainfall amount. The CV output shows low, moderate, and high variability of monthly and seasonal rainfall and low inter-annual variability. The PCI of the watershed showed uniform seasonal rainfall distribution (summer and spring), strong irregular seasonal rainfall distribution (winter), and irregular annual rainfall distribution, and the SAI perceived the existence of inter-annual and inter-seasonal variability of rainfall with a greater negative anomalies percentage. The MK output presented, most of the months were increased and all increased in the annual and seasonal rainfall. The information obtained from this study was used as input for decision-makers to take appropriate adaptive measures in agricultural sectors.
Modelling and Assessing Complex Networks Using Virtual Reality: A Case Study on Biological Data
Authors: Hisham Ahmed , Mahmood Basim
Published: December 2023

The rapid advancement of technology has led to the generation of vast amounts of complex data, making it difficult to understand and analyze. Traditional 2D data visualization methods have limitations, and network models with nodes and edges have emerged as a more efficient way to analyze large-scale data. However, with the emergence of virtual reality (VR) technology and the metaverse concept, there is an opportunity to visualize and analyze data in an interactive 3D way. This paper investigates the integration of VR technology and complex networks to create interactive data visualization models. A 3D VR-based interactive biological network model was designed and implemented for the sex chromosomes' gene-gene interactions, which proved its efficiency in terms of usability when tested by experts. The developed model enables analysts to immerse themselves in the data and interact with its objects, leading to more professional, deep, and accurate analysis.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE ABOGE ISLAMIC JAVANESE DATE IN THE SAMIN KLOPODUWUR BLORA COMMUNITY
Authors: Khanifah Millatul
Published: December 2023

The Aboge calendar system is still used today by several traditional Javanese community groups. One community that still uses this calendar system is the Samin Klopoduwur Community, Blora. In contrast to Aboge users who use Aboge to determine the start of the month, this community uses the Aboge calendar as a daily calendar. This research will focus on the existence and factors that encourage the Samin Klopoduwur community to maintain the Aboge Islamic Javanese calendar system. This research is qualitative research using a field approach. Data access was carried out by conducting in-depth interviews, observations and documentation, all of which were analyzed descriptively and analytically. The research results show that apart from being a daily calendar, they also use the Javanese Islamic Aboge calendar system as a guide to determine the days of religious ceremonies.
STUDY OF DETERMINING PRAYER MAGHRIB TIME IN THE AL-FALAQIYYAH MANUSCRIPT
Authors: Zufialina Era
Published: December 2023

The five daily prayer times in the al-Falaqiyah text are determined using rubū’ mujayyab, except for the Maghrib prayer time. It is stated in the text that the time for Maghrib is six o'clock without further information being given. This method contradicts the current method of determining the beginning of prayer times. By using qualitative research with literature study, this paper explores further the basis for calculations and implementation of the methods used in the al-Falaqiyyah text. By using descriptive analysis, it was found that the six o'clock provisions for Maghrib prayers in the text are approximate. After comparisons were made, there was also a difference of 3 to 7 minutes in the Maghrib time in the manuscript with the Maghrib time calculation using rubū’ mujayyab.
Regional Prospects of Cheese Making Industry: Current Status and Development
Authors: Kovaleva Irina , Kudinova Margarita
Published: December 2023

Cheese is a unique product of animal origin. The history of cheese-making dates back millennia, and every nation has its own traditional cheese formulations. Recent decades have seen a growing public interest in craft cheese-making and national cheese-making. As a multinational country, Russia boasts a wide range of traditional cheeses. However, the domestic cheese market belongs mainly to such popular foreign cheese sorts as Mozzarella, Camembert, Tilsit, Brie, etc. The steady increase in consumer demand for cheese products encourages cheese-makers to expand their product range, and, in their search for new formulations, they often appeal to traditional cheeses, e.g., those produced in the Altai Region. Despite this trend, the average annual per capita consumption of cheese in Russia remains at 6.5 kg while in some other developed countries this criterion is as high as 16 kg. The present development assessment of the Russian cheese-making industry showed a severe shortage in domestic direct-application starter cultures. Russian cheese-makers prefer imported recombinant milk-clotting enzymes, which significantly hampers industrial development. A new domestic production could provide enough raw materials to satisfy the growing demand for rennet products. At present, the raw milk production capabilities cannot meet the ever-increasing needs. The domestic market of dairy raw materials is dominated by cow milk while goat milk and sheep milk are associated mainly with soft cheeses, and buffalo milk occupies a very narrow sector of craft cheese-making.
Palynological characterization of ornamental plants
Authors: Helen Sabrine Hoffmann  , Denise Monique Dubet da Silva Mouga
Published: December 2023

Pollen grains are reproductive structures, which have a very resistant coating (exine outer wall and intine inner wall) and exhibit the main morphological components of palynological characterization. Ornamental plants are recognized for their plastic characteristics (flowers, leaves, perfume, fruits) and are generally grown in gardens. Aiming to carry out the palynological characterization of ornamental species, the following species were analyzed: Dietes bicolor (Steud. Klatt ex Sweet, 1866) (Iridaceae), Neomarica candida (Hassl. Sprague, 1928) (Iridaceae), Agapanthus inapertus (Beauverd, 1912) (Amaryllidaceae), Calceolaria tripartita (Ruiz & Pav. 1798) (Calceolariaceae), Erythrina speciosa (Andrews, 1806) (Fabaceae), Begonia radicans (Vell. 1827) (Begoniaceae), Closed buds of the species were collected, which were conserved in acetic acid. The anthers were removed, macerated and acetolyzed. The pollen grains were mounted on microscopy slides, observed under light and scanning electron microscope, photographed and described in terms of unit, size, scope, polarity, symmetry, openings, shape and ornamentation. For the monocotyledons, the grains were in monads, elliptical in amb, heteropolar, large, with bilateral symmetry, monosulcate, with reticulated exine. For the eudicots, the grains were presented in monads, sub-circular/circular amb, isopolar, small/ medium, with radial symmetry, tri-tetracolporate, prolate/prolate-spheroidal shape, with reticulated /striated exine.
As contribuições socioculturais do carnaval para o município de Cruz Alta – Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: De Mera Claudia Maria , De Mera Mara Rubia dos Santos Corrêa , Vânia Maria Abreu de Oliveira
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo tem como foco o carnaval de rua de Cruz Alta (RS). O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar o papel do carnaval como festejo popular para o município de Cruz Alta. O estudo foi realizado com as escolas de samba de Cruz Alta, com a Secretaria de Cultura e Turismo do município e com pessoas da comunidade relacionadas ao carnaval de rua de Cruz Alta, no contexto das escolas de samba, totalizando 25 entrevistados. A pesquisa realizada contemplou uma abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. O método utilizado para a análise e discussão dos resultados foi a transcrição do conteúdo das respostas dos participantes da pesquisa, obtidas por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O evento estudado é um carnaval fora de época, considerado o terceiro maior do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de acordo com as informações obtidas com os entrevistados, e tornou-se também um carnaval internacional, em virtude do luxo de suas fantasias e alegorias e pelo espetáculo que apresenta anualmente na Avenida do Samba. A pesquisa evidenciou que o carnaval de rua no município possibilita geração de renda e trabalho, inclusão social, integração e união das comunidades em torno de objetivos comuns, gerando, assim, contribuições econômicas e socioculturais relevantes para o desenvolvimento do município, que, apesar da forte tradição agropecuária, tem no carnaval uma importante fonte cultural para a sua população.
Microwave-activated Synthetic Route to Various Biologically Important
Heterocycles Involving Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Basu Soumyadip , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: December 2023

This study incorporates the assembly of development methodologies of microwave-acti-vated protocol involving transition metal catalysts for the synthesis of numerous biologically im-portant heterocycles during the past few years. Herein, it highlights the potential of transition metal salts as catalysts in multicomponent reactions performed under microwave conditions for the for-mation of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur-containing bioactive heterocycle moieties. Microwave-activated organic synthesis has been well-utilized as an alternative to conventional methodology in pharmaceutical companies due to its potential to significantly improve the rate and consequently diminish the time span of the synthetic process. The traditional methods involving transition metal catalysts for synthesizing bioactive heterocyclic molecules are prolonged and, thus, difficult to meet the requirements for the timely supply of these important compounds. In our review, our main focus is on integrating such synthetic strategies involving transition metal catalysis with a microwave-activated multicomponent approach for developing bioactive heterocycles.
Review of Deep Learning Algorithms for Urban Remote Sensing Using
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Datta Souvik , Durairaj Subbulekshmi
Published: December 2023

This study conducts a comprehensive review of Deep Learning-based approaches
for accurate object segmentation and detection in high-resolution imagery captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The methodology employs three different existing algorithms tailored to detect roads, buildings, trees, and water bodies. These algorithms include
Res-UNet for roads and buildings, DeepForest for trees, and WaterDetect for water bodies. To
evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, the performance of each algorithm is compared
with state-of-the-art (SOTA) models for each class. The results of the study demonstrate that
the methodology outperforms SOTA models in all three classes, achieving an accuracy of 93%
for roads and buildings using Res-U-Net, 95% for trees using DeepForest, and an impressive
98% for water bodies using WaterDetect. The paper utilizes a Deep Learning-based approach
for accurate object segmentation and detection in high-resolution UAV imagery, achieving superior performance to SOTA models, with reduced overfitting and faster training by employing
three smaller models for each task
Briófitos urbanos de Tunja. Caso campus de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Authors: Alvaro Alba Wilson Ricardo , Becerra Infante Daniela Alejandra , Cárdenas Espinosa Karen Alejandra , Moncada Bibiana
Published: December 2023

Los ambientes urbanos albergan una riqueza significativa de briófitos. Estas plantas no vasculares pueden colonizar cualquier tipo de sustrato presente en las ciudades como suelo, roca, cortezas de árboles y arbustos, hojas vivas, materiales rocosos presentes en el ladrillo, estructuras de edificaciones y concreto. Durante esta investigación se estudiaron los musgos, hepáticas y antocerotes que habitan el campus de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, sede Tunja (Boyacá). Para ello, se realizaron muestreos sobre los sustratos artificiales, propios de la infraestructura y sustratos naturales presentes en áreas verdes y bosques plantados en el área de estudio. Con los datos obtenidos se analizó la riqueza y composición de las briofitas, la especificidad de sustrato y la interacción de forófitos vs. briófitos. El estudio permitió reconocer un total de 80 especies y demostró que el sustrato que concentró la mayor cantidad de briófitos fue el suelo, seguido por las cortezas de los árboles y la materia orgánica en descomposición, siendo el sustrato suelo exclusivo para los antocerotes. Los forófitos con más riqueza de especies de musgos y hepáticas correspondieron a Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth y Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Se reportan las especies Bryum coronatum Schwägr., Fabronia jamesonii Taylor, Frullania sphaerocephala Spruce y Streptopogon cavifolius Mitt. como registros nuevos para el departamento de Boyacá.
Development of Integrated Project-based (PjBL-T) model to improve work readiness of vocational high school students
Authors: Sudarsono Bambang , Tentama Fatwa , Mulasari Surahma Asti , Sukesi Tri Wahyuni , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Ghozali Fanani Arief , Yuliansyah Herman , Nafiati Lu'lu' , Sofyan Herminarto
Published: December 2023

The unemployed from vocational high schools (SMK) is still high. Several factors, including the low job readiness of vocational students and the small availability of jobs, cause the high unemployment rate for vocational schools. This study aims to develop a learning model of Integrated Project Based Learning (PjBL-T) and test the effectiveness of the PjBL-T model in preparing vocational students' job readiness. The design of this study adopted the Richey and Klein model stages. This research was carried out in three stages: model development, internal validation, and external validation. This study used research subjects consisting of 10 vocational teachers, ten industrial practitioners, and 54 Automotive Engineering SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Tempel students. The research objects used were SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Tempel, Jogjakarta Automotive Center (OJC) Auto Service, Barokah Auto Service, Astra Daihatsu Armada, and Gadjah Mada Auto Service. The data collection techniques used were focus group discussions (FGD), questionnaires, and practice assessment sheets. Data were analyzed descriptively. The PjBL-T model is feasible and can be applied according to the learning objectives. The effectiveness of increasing student work readiness tested limited and expanded and improved very well with a score of 3.27.
Morphophonemic parser: A study of teachers and students
Authors:   Faculty of Languages and Communication, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia, Jose Franklin Thambi , Preethi J. ,   Department of English, Jayaraj Annapackiam College for Women, Periyakulam, India, Annamalai Manonmani Devi M. A. R. ,   Faculty of Languages and Communication, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia
Published: December 2023

The objectives of this study were to design a morphophonemic parser (MPP) and to get feedback from teachers and students after using the designed parser. Drastic changes have occurred in the field of education after the advancement of technology. New methods and techniques with digital content are widely used in this field. One of them is the use of parsers in educational institutions. Parser is a tool that helps to facilitate teaching and learning. The MPP is a parser that can be used in the teaching and learning process. The study used a mixed mode of research which includes qualitative and quantitative research methods. 400 school teachers and students were selected as informants for this study using a simple random sampling method. The study used a questionnaire as a data collection tool and analyzed using the survey analysis method. The main findings of the study are, that an MPP is designed with a set of morphophonemic rules and most of the teachers and students are satisfied and excited to use the designed MPP in their teaching and learning. The results show that 87% of the teachers and students strongly agree that they are satisfied and 64.5% of them said that the parser helps them to learn easily. These results suggest the use of MPPs in educational institutions.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Myocarditis in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019: Updated Systematic Analysis
Authors: Kong Qingyu , Xu Xue , Li Meng , Meng Xiao , Zhao Cuifen , Yang Xiaorong
Published: December 2023

Background

Myocarditis is characterized by high disability and mortality, and imposes a severe burden on population health globally. However, the latest global magnitude and secular trend of myocarditis burden have not been reported.

Objective

This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological characteristics of myocarditis burden globally for optimizing targeted prevention and research.

Methods

Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, the myocarditis burden from 1990 to 2019 was modeled using the Cause of Death Ensemble tool, DisMod-MR, and spatiotemporal Gaussian regression. We depicted the epidemiology and trends of myocarditis by sex, age, year, region, and sociodemographic index (SDI). R program version 4.2.1 (R Project for Statistical Computing) was applied for all statistical analyses, and a 2-sided P-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The number of incident cases (1,268,000) and deaths (32,450) associated with myocarditis in 2019 increased by over 1.6 times compared with the values in 1990 globally. On the other hand, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased slightly from 1990 to 2019. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) decreased slightly in the past 3 decades, while the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) decreased greatly from 18.29 per 100,000 person-years in 1990 to 12.81 per 100,000 person-years in 2019. High SDI regions always showed a more significant ASIR. The ASIR slightly decreased in all SDI regions between 1990 and 2019. Middle SDI regions had the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. Low SDI regions had the lowest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of myocarditis were higher among males than among females from 1990 to 2019 globally. All ASRs among both sexes had a downward trend, except for the ASMR among males, which showed a stable trend, and females had a more significant decrease in the ASDR than males. Senior citizens had high incident cases and deaths among both sexes in 2019. The peak numbers of DALYs for both sexes were noted in the under 1 age group in 2019. At the national level, the estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs had significant negative correlations with the baseline ASRs in 1990.

Conclusions

Globally, the number of incident cases and deaths associated with myocarditis have increased significantly. On the other hand, the ASRs of myocarditis showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2019. Males consistently showed higher ASRs of myocarditis than females from 1990 to 2019 globally. Senior citizens gradually predominated in terms of myocarditis burden. Policymakers should establish targeted control strategies based on gender, region, age, and SDI; strengthen aging-related health research; and take notice of the changes in the epidemic characteristics of myocarditis.
Medical Student Experiences and Perceptions of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alkhaaldi Saif M I , Kassab Carl H , Dimassi Zakia , Oyoun Alsoud Leen , Al Fahim Maha , Al Hageh Cynthia , Ibrahim Halah
Published: December 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way medicine is learned, taught, and practiced, and medical education must prepare learners for these inevitable changes. Academic medicine has, however, been slow to embrace recent AI advances. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has emerged as a fast and user-friendly large language model that can assist health care professionals, medical educators, students, trainees, and patients. While many studies focus on the technology’s capabilities, potential, and risks, there is a gap in studying the perspective of end users.

Objective

The aim of this study was to gauge the experiences and perspectives of graduating medical students on ChatGPT and AI in their training and future careers.

Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey of recently graduated medical students was conducted in an international academic medical center between May 5, 2023, and June 13, 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to tabulate variable frequencies.

Results

Of 325 applicants to the residency programs, 265 completed the survey (an 81.5% response rate). The vast majority of respondents denied using ChatGPT in medical school, with 20.4% (n=54) using it to help complete written assessments and only 9.4% using the technology in their clinical work (n=25). More students planned to use it during residency, primarily for exploring new medical topics and research (n=168, 63.4%) and exam preparation (n=151, 57%). Male students were significantly more likely to believe that AI will improve diagnostic accuracy (n=47, 51.7% vs n=69, 39.7%; P=.001), reduce medical error (n=53, 58.2% vs n=71, 40.8%; P=.002), and improve patient care (n=60, 65.9% vs n=95, 54.6%; P=.007). Previous experience with AI was significantly associated with positive AI perception in terms of improving patient care, decreasing medical errors and misdiagnoses, and increasing the accuracy of diagnoses (P=.001, P<.001, P=.008, respectively).

Conclusions

The surveyed medical students had minimal formal and informal experience with AI tools and limited perceptions of the potential uses of AI in health care but had overall positive views of ChatGPT and AI and were optimistic about the future of AI in medical education and health care. Structured curricula and formal policies and guidelines are needed to adequately prepare medical learners for the forthcoming integration of AI in medicine.
Synergistic Ti-Fe Oxides on Fishbone-Derived Carbon Sulfonate: Enhanced Styrene Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Nurhadi Mukhamad , Kusumawardani Ratna , Wirawan Teguh , Lai Sin Yuan , Nur Hadi
Published: December 2023

Fishbone-derived carbon sulfonate, modified through incipient wetness impregnation with titanium tetraisopropoxide and iron nitrate salts, displays catalytic activity in the oxidation of styrene with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. This was done to develop a cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly bimetallic oxide catalyst, incorporating titanium and iron oxides on mesoporous-derived carbon fishbone to enhance styrene conversion and benzaldehyde selectivity in styrene oxidation using aqueous H2O2. The catalyst, featuring a combination of titanium and iron oxides on the surface of the fishbone-derived carbon sulfonate, demonstrates higher catalytic activity than single oxide catalysts, such as titanium or iron oxides alone. Factors influencing the catalyst's performance are investigated by using FTIR, XRD, XRF, SEM, and BET surface area. The results reveal that the presence of both titanium and iron oxides on the surface of the fishbone-derived carbon sulfonate and the catalyst's surface area creates a synergistic effect, the primary factors affecting its catalytic activity in styrene oxidation using H2O2 as an oxidant.
Extraction of Au(III), Pt(IV), and Pd(II) from Aqueous Media with Deep Eutectic Solvent Dissolved in n-Heptane as Extractant
Authors: Ola Pius Dore , Matsumoto Michiaki
Published: December 2023

Due to the scarcity, studying precious metals extraction such as gold, platinum, and palladium is very critical. Solvent extraction is one of the established methods due to its simplicity and quickness but the low operational cost. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of decanoic acid and lidocaine in the molar ratio of 2:1 was applied as an extractant to extract Au(III), Pt(IV), and Pd(II) from aqueous media. Au(III) was solvated and extracted with DES in the form of AuCl3. Pd(II) was extracted by the cation exchange reaction between Pd2+ and H+. Complete extraction of Au(III) 98.2% and Pd(II) 100% can be achieved using 500 and 300 g/L DES, respectively. This finding opens new opportunities for improving Au(III) and Pd(II) extraction using an environmental friendly and inexpensive extractant.
Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Paracetamol Adsorbent
Authors: Nurmala Nurmala , Suratman Adhitasari , Suherman Suherman
Published: December 2023

Paracetamol contained in wastewater can cause adverse effects on animal ecosystems, such as fish living in waters and cause harmful effects on humans. Adsorption techniques are used to remove these pharmaceutical compounds. Alginate-chitosan nanoparticles are non-toxic and effectively used as adsorbents to remove pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater. Research on glutaraldehyde crosslinked alginate-chitosan nanoparticles as paracetamol adsorbent has been carried out. This research used the ionic gelation method. Nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer (FTIR). Furthermore, the nanoparticles were used for paracetamol adsorption. The results showed that the form nanoparticles are coarse solid powder and brownish yellow. The TEM image shows an average nanoparticle size of 8.22 nm. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked alginate-chitosan nanoparticles adsorbed paracetamol with adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order or Ho-McKay model, the adsorption rate constant of 0.0324 g mg−1 min−1. The isotherm study of paracetamol adsorption by glutaraldehyde cross-linked alginate-chitosan nanoparticles followed the isotherm Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model with a free energy value of 707.1068 kJ mol−1, and this value indicates the adsorption process by chemically or chemisorption.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Amoxicillin Using New Organic Reagent via Different Analytical Methods
Authors: Mahmood Helen Abd Alhassan , Sabah Rulla , Abood Nisreen Kais
Published: December 2023

New and simple spectrophotometric method was applied for amoxicillin determination by oxidative coupling with an organic reagent 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-furan-2-yl)-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one (H) to form an orange colored dye with λmax of 490 nm. The molecular structure of the new compound H was characterized using spectral analysis including 1H-NMR, FTIR, Mass spectroscopy, and UV-visible. The concentration range of oxidative coupling obeyed Beer's law was 2–50 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9995, molar absorptivity was 0.63 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.189 μg/mL. The concentration range of flow injection obeyed Beer's law was 1–150 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient was 0.9994, molar absorptivity was 0.295 × 104 L/mol cm, and the detection limit was 0.407 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied in pharmaceutical formulation for amoxicillin determination. The results showed that amoxicillin could be reacted with a new compound H in the alkaline medium in the presence of oxidative agent NaIO4 and automated by flow injection analysis. The proposed methods have the advantage of simple, fast, very sensitive, good precision and accuracy. The suggested technique was effectively used to estimate amoxicillin in both its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.
Drug-Molecule Adsorption onto Silicon-Doped Fullerene: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Apriati Yosephine Novita , Kristiawan Bambang , Jannah Nikmatul , Nugraheni Ari Dwi , Sholihun Sholihun
Published: December 2023

Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the interactions between the host material Si-doped fullerene and the drug molecules paracetamol, a pain and fever reducer, and hydroxyurea, a drug for leukemic treatment. All atoms were relaxed so that the atomic force was less than 5.0 × 10−3 eV/Å. Structural and electronic properties, such as adsorption energy, formation energy, and charge transfer, were calculated. Results showed that Si-doped fullerene had more negative adsorption energy and lower formation energy than undoped fullerene, indicating that drug molecules could be chemisorbed in Si-doped fullerene. These results contribute to the future drug delivery application.
Synthesis Optimization and Antibacterial Performance of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles in Chitosan
Authors: Susilowati Endang , Mahardiani Lina , Ariani Sri Retno Dwi , Sulaeman Ilham Maulana
Published: December 2023

Colloidal silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the chemical reduction method. The synthesis used AgNO3 as the precursor, chitosan as the reducing and stabilizing agents, and NaOH as the accelerator. The synthesis parameters were optimized. The samples were tested with a UV-vis spectrophotometer to observe their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a particle size analyzer (PSA) to investigate their particle shape and size distribution. Further, silver nanoparticles were tested for their storage stability and antibacterial performance. The UV-vis spectroscopy data exhibited that the silver nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized, validating via the emergence of the LSPR absorption band at 402–418 nm. At 50 °C, the optimum synthesis was achieved for 100 min of reaction time by adding 0.033 M NaOH and AgNO3 4.00% (w/w, AgNO3/chitosan). TEM results showed spherical silver nanoparticles of 1–8 nm, while the PSA results exhibited particles sizes of about 12–59 nm. The colloidal silver nanoparticles were stable in storage for 8 weeks and had good antibacterial performance against E. coli, S. aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Therefore, colloidal silver nanoparticles have the potential as a material for medical applications.
An Ultrasonography Guidance Lumbar Epidural Anaesthesia In Patient With Difficult Landmarks
Authors: Wisudarti Calcarina Fitriani Retno , Mahmud  , Mi’raj Geza Getar
Published: December 2023

Anestesi epidural banyak digunakan dalam praktik klinis. Namun, keberhasilan metode anestesi ini bergantung pada kemampuan untuk memperkirakan penempatan dengan benar dari ruang epidural untuk menusuk dan mengateterisasinya. Saat ini, metode paling umum untuk menentukan level tusukan dan arah jarum yang benar didasarkan pada landmark anatomis dan kedalaman ruang epidural penempatan dinilai dengan tes ''kehilangan resistensi''. Kompleksitas teknis dari metode tusukan epidural dapat meningkatkan risiko komplikasi neurologis, blok yang tidak berhasil, dan ketidakpuasan pasien. Panduan ultrasonografi pada blok saraf banyak digunakan dalam praktik klinis. Namun, penerapan suara ultra selama anestesi neuraksial masih terbatas karena kesulitan memvisualisasikan padat struktur yang mengelilingi ruang epidural dan tulang belakang kanal.
PENGENDALIAN HEMODINAMIK INTRAOPERATIF PADA PASIEN TUMOR ADRENAL FUNGSIONAL YANG MENJALANI ADRENALEKTOMI
Authors: Adiyanto Bowo , Widodo Untung , Sutiyoso Noor Aditya
Published: December 2023

Operasi kelenjar adrenal membutuhkan tim multidisiplin termasuk ahli endokrin, ahli radiologi, ahli anestesi, dan ahli bedah. Indikasi untuk operasi kelenjar adrenal termasuk tumor mensekresi hormon dan non-hormonal. Tumor yang mensekresi hormon adrenal memiliki tantangan tersendiri bagi ahli anestesi karena membutuhkan evaluasi pra operasi yang baik, kontrol hemodinamik perioperatif, koreksi semua elektrolit dan kelainan metabolik, strategi anestesi yang terperinci dan hati-hati, pengetahuan keseluruhan tentang penyakit spesifik, kontrol dan pemeliharaan fungsi adrenal pasca operasi, dan tentunya kerjasama yang baik dengan rekan-rekan lain yang terlibat.
Tatalaksana Anestesia pada Pasien Dewasa dengan Kelainan Jantung Kongenital untuk Pembedahan Jantung dan Non Jantung
Authors: Cindy Elfira Boon
Published: December 2023

Penyakit jantung kongenital (PJK) merupakan kondisi patologis yang umum pada 0,5%-1% dari angka kelahiran. Diantaranya, merupakan malformasi kompleks yang jumlahnya lebih sedikit lagi (0,15% dari angka kelahiran). PJK merupakan salah satu penyakit kongenital terbanyak dan termasuk 30% diantara angka total beban penyakit bawaan. Seiring dengan penurunan angka penyakit jantung rematik, PJK telah menjadi penyebab utama penyakit jantung pada anak-anak di negara berkembang, dimana 10-15% dari anak-anak yang menderitanya mempunyai kelainan bawaan pada organ tulang, saluran kemih atau gastrointestinal. Sekitar 10-15% pasien PJK ini dapat bertahan hidup tanpa penanganan sampai dewasa, namun kebanyakan memerlukan pembedahan jantung saat masih anak-anak. Sembilan lesi terdiri lebih dari 80% dari penyakit jantung bawaan, sementara sisanya terdiri dari berbagai lesi yang tidak biasa dan kompleks. Populasi penderita PJK dewasa ini meningkat sebanyak 5% setiap tahunnya, sehingga, setiap anestesiologis dapat menemukan salah satu pasien ini pada praktik sehari-harinya saat pembedahan jantung atau non- jantung. Penanganan yang tepat diperlukan untuk kasus ini, terutama pada prosedur bedah non-jantung dan obstetrik, dimana pemahaman terhadap patofisiologi akan mempengaruhi keputusan tim operasi. Aritmia, hipoksemia, hipertensi pulmonal, dan disfungsi ventrikel adalah beberapa gejala yang paling sering dijumpai pada PJK dewasa. Prioritas bagi anestesiologis ditentukan melalui pemahaman terhadap patofisiologi dan hemodinamik dari setiap pasien. Pemahaman kondisi patofisiologi, persiapan preoperatif yang adekuat termasuk komunikasi yang baik dengan dokter bedah, penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat serta antisipasi cepat terhadap kelainan hemodinamik menentukan keberhasilan operasi dan kualitas hidup pasien selanjutnya.
Cedera Saraf Setelah Anestesi Neuraksial Nerves Injury Post Neuroaxial Anesthesia
Authors: Doso Sutiyono
Published: December 2023

Neural injury post neuroaxial anesthesia procedure is a rare complication but feared by many anesthesiologists. Neural injury incidence range is 0,03 to 0,1% among all neruaxial block patients. Neural injury is happened due to infection, needle-trauma to vertebrae or vertebral neural cord directly, medulla spinalis ischaemia or neurotoxicity. Most causes of neural injury are hematoma and infection.

Whenever suspect a neural injury, rapid diagnosis and treatment are needed. MRI and CT-scan examination are the best of choice in imaging neural injury. Mild symptoms without objective neural deficit, mostly showed good prognosis and whenever they are deteriorate, a neurologic consultation must be done. Lesion with moderate or severe deficit neulogic is an indication for advanced neurologic consultation, neurophysiologic examination (neural conduction study and electromyography) or MRI/CT Scan examination. A complete or progressive neural deficit needs to be evaluated by a neurologist or neurosurgeon.

Neural injury with mild symptoms can be treated with steroid, NSAID, neurotropic vitamins, and physiotherapy. Neural trauma due to compression, needs to be decompressed. Recovery process has a direct relationship with the early decompression treatment.
Perbedaan Pengaruh Pemberian Loading 500 cc Hydroxylethyl Starch 6% dan Hydroxylethyl Starch 6% pada Kadar Kreatinin dan Klirens Kreatinin Pasien Seksia Sesarea dengan Anestesi Spinal
Authors: Igun Winarno  , Ery Leksana  , Johan Arifin
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: Pemberian koloid dalam penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukkan pengaruh pada fungsi ginjal, sesuai dengan berat molekul koloid tersebut. Koloid dengan berat molekul tinggi akan menurunkan fungsi ginjal. Namun demikian, sebagian besar penelitian tersebut mempelajari pengaruh pemberian koloid dengan volume besar. Sangat jarang diketahui tentang pengaruh tersebut pada pemberian koloid dengan volume kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh loading 500 cc Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0, 4 (6%) dibandingkan.

Artikel Penelitian: Hydroxyethyl Starch 200/0, 5 (6%) pada jumlah kreatinin serum, klirens kreatinin sebelum dan sesudah pemberian dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi urin.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis tahap 2 dengan disain uji non acak tersamar ganda, dengan 54 relawan yang telah diambil dengan consecutive sampling. Kelompok I diberikan loading dengan 500 cc Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0, 4 (6%) (n = 27), dan Kelompok II dengan Hydroxyethyl Starch 200/0, 5 (0,6%) (n = 27) sebelum anestesi spinal untuk seksio sesarea. Kadar kreatinin serum, klirens kreatinin dan produksi urin diukur pada 0 jam, 1 jam dan jam ke-2 setelah anestesi. Data hasil penelitian diuji dengan t-test. Hasil: Ada peningkatan kreatinin serum pada jam pertama pada kelompok I (0,0274) dan kelompok II (0,0200) tetapi kedua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p> 0,05). Ada penurunan klirens kreatinin pada semua kelompok (kelompok I: 115.119 - 110.833), (kelompok II: 118,937-115,933) namun uji statistik menunjukkan kedua kelompok tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p> 0,05). Produksi urin pada jam pertama pada kedua kelompok yang lebih besar dari 0,5 cc / Kg / jam, tapi kemudian menurun pada 2 jam.

Simpulan: Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna dari loading 500 cc Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0, 4 (6%) dan Hydroxyethyl Starch 200/0, 5 (6%) terhadap peningkatan kadar kreatinin, penurunan klirens kreatinin dan penurunan volume urin dan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam hasil ini antara kelompok.
Manajemen Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Hernia Diafragmatika Kongenital
Authors: Juni Kurniawaty
Published: December 2023

Hernia diafragmatika kongenital disebabkan oleh defek penutupan canalis pericardioperitoenal. Merupakan suatu tantangan tersendiri bagi dokter anestesi selama manajemen perioperasi pasien dengan hernia diafragmatika seperti komplikasi intraoperasi termasuk hipoksia dan hiperkarbia. Mortalitas tetap tinggi karena hipoplasia pulmonal dan hipertensi pulmonal.

Kita akan membahas kasus seorang bayi laki-laki usia 7 hari dengan diagnosis hernia diafragmatika kongenital telah menjalani operasi laparotomi repair tutup defek diafragma. Pasien datang dengan sesak nafas dan terdiagnosa sebagai pneumonia. Pasien kemudian dilakukan intubasi dan dari pemeriksaan rontgen dada ditemukan hernia diafragmatika. Penilaian preoperatif menunjukkan pasien masih dalam kondisi yang optimal. Dilakukan anestesi teknik GA intubasi nafas kendali. Monitoring dilakukan dengan NIBP, EKG, SpO2. Operasi berlangsung 2 jam. Durante operasi hemodinamik stabil. Pasca operasi pasien masih terintubasi dan dirawat di NICU. Pasca operasi pasien tetap stabil dan uji laborat menunjukkan hasil dalam batas normal.
Nyeri, Agitasi dan Delirium pada Pasien Kritis di Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Authors: Untung Widodo
Published: December 2023

Nyeri pada pasien-pasien kritis dapat memicu terjadinya delirium dan agitasi yang banyak terjadi di ICU. Delirium merupakan penyebab paling sering terjadinya agitasi pasien-pasien di ICU, dan merupakan petanda beratnya gangguan sistemik yang dialami, serta mempunyai luaran yang buruk. Evaluasi yang cermat diperlukan untuk mencari kausanya yang mungkin. Dan kemudian dilakukan manajemen farmakologis dan non farmakologis yang tepat dan efisien, disamping tentunya dilakukan terapi dan support intensif bagi critical Ill nya.
Anestesi pada Ovum Pick Up (OPU)
Authors: Astuti Widuri , Mahmud  , S Bambang
Published: December 2023

Seorang perempuan 37 tahun terdiagnosa infertil primer. Prosedur yang akan dilakukan adalah Ovum Pick Up (OPU). Status fi sik ASA II karena asma. Dilakukan anestesi dengan GA TIVA. Tindakan berlangsung selama 30 menit. Hemodinamik selama tindakan stabil. Post operasi pasien di ruang pemulihan selama 2 jam dan diperbolehkan pulang setelah skoring postanesthesia discharge scoring system (PADS) lebih dari 9.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Sebagai Faktor Prediktor Kematian Pasien di ICU RSUP Dr Sardjito
Authors: Baskoro Ronggo , RW Calcarina Fitriani , Suryono Bambang
Published: December 2023

Latar Belakang: AKI masih mempunyai angka kematian yang tinggi dan seringkali tidak terdiagnosis. Prediksi dan diagnosis kejadian AKI dapat dilakukan dengan kriteria RIFLE. Angka kematian AKI di ICU dapat ditekan bila dilakukan deteksi dini. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai angka kejadian pasien AKI di ICU RS Dr. Sardjito, sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kejadian AKI tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui AKI sebagai faktor prediktor kematian pasien yang dirawat di ICURS Dr. Sardjito.Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 112 pasien dan semua adalah pasien yang menjalani rawat inap di ICU RSUP DR Sardjito Yogyakarta dimulai bulan Juni 2013 – Oktober 2013. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien lebih dari 18 tahun dan mempunyai data medis lengkap, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien yang sudah tegak didiagnosis Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) baik yang sudah menjalani hemodialisis rutin maupun yang masih menjalani terapi konservatif. Untuk melihat perjalanan kondisi pasien di ICU digunakan diagram fl ow Chart analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik untuk melihat odd ratio dari dampak nilai data karakteristik yang bermakna (p < 0,05) dari kelompok AKI dan Non-AKI. Model multivariabel yang digunakan adalah modelenter.. Nilai p < 0.05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik.Hasil: AKI merupakan faktor prediktor kematian pasien yang dirawat di ICU, dimana ditemukan nilai RR (risiko relatif) sebesar 8,0 yang artinya bahwa pasien pada kelompok AKI mempunyai kemungkinan 8,0 kali lebih besar untuk meninggal dibandingkan pasien pada kelompok Non-AKI. Selain itu juga didapatkanbahwa angka kematian pasien yang menderita AKI dengan kriteria Risk (R) adalah 31,7%, kriteria Injury (I) 75%, dan Failure (F) 71,4%. Kesimpulan: AKI dapat dijadikan prediktor kematian pasien yang dirawat di ICU.
Manajemen Akhir Hayat pada Pasien Kritis dI ICU
Authors: Nur Rifdhani Fakhrudin , Suryono Bambang , Sarosa Pandit
Published: December 2023

Telah dilakukan manajemen akhir hayat pada pada seorang perempuan usia 63 tahun, dengan diagnosis ROSC pascahenti jantung, edema serebri difus, asidosis metabolik, anemia, dan hipoalbumin yang dirawat di ICU. Keadaan akhir hayat ditunjukkan dengan adanya tanda-tanda kematian batang otak dan kegagalan fungsional berupa kegagalan usaha nafas yang menetap pada pasien yang dapat menyebabkan kematian pada hari ke-3 perawatan. Dokter menjelaskan tentang kondisi akhir hayat pasien berupa tanda-tanda kematian batang otak, prognosis dan kemungkinan yang akan terjadi dan keputusan yang harus diambilkeluarga mengenai keadaan akhir hayat pada pasien. Keluarga memutuskan menerima kondisi pasien, meminta untuk meneruskan bantuan yang sekarang diberikan namun tidak melakukan pertolongan lanjut jika kondisi memburuk. Rohaniwan melakukan pendampingan berupa bimbingan rohani, konselingspiritual akhir hayat, bimbingan ibadah dan doa untuk pasien. Belum ada komunikasi yang intensif antara tim medis tentang kondisi akhir hayat pada pasien. Pendampingan dilakukan sampai saat kematian dengan mengundang keluarga, tidak melakukan resusitasi jantung paru sesuai permintaan keluarga dan menyatakan kematian pasien di hadapan keluarga.