bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indications for chemoradiotherapy in older patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer in Japan: a questionnaire survey in the JCOG head and neck cancer study group
Authors: Yasuda Koichi , Kiyota Naomi , Matsuura Kazuto , Saito Satoshi , Honma Yoshitaka , Imamura Yoshinori , Tanaka Kaoru , Zenda Sadamoto , Onoe Takuma , Kodaira Takeshi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Aoyama Hidefumi , Hanai Nobuhiro , Homma Akihiro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) with concurrent high-dose cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the standard treatment options for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Since the indications specific to the older population have not been reported, we conducted a multicenter survey on the indications.

Methods

In April and May 2023, a questionnaire survey was emailed to all institutions belonging to the JCOG-HNCSG, consisting of 37 institutions.

Results

The major factors influencing the indications for high-dose CDDP were renal function and performance status (PS). The majority agreed that the treatment is administered to patients aged 65–74 years with PS 0–1 and 65–74 years with eGFR ≥60 (ml/ min/1.73m2), and not in patients aged ≥75 years with PS 2, ≥80 years with PS 1, and ≥65 years with eGFR <60. Regarding weekly CDDP, the majority agreed that the treatment is not conducted in patients aged ≥75 years with PS 2, ≥65 years with eGFR <40, and ≥70 years with eGFR <50.

Discussion

In Japan, where CRT is actively performed even among older people, a survey was conducted to determine its indications. Renal function and PS were considered important, and comorbidities, such as heart failure, were considered while determining the indication. These results will help define the eligibility criteria for prospective studies on CRT in older patients.
Investigating food allergy awareness and attitudes among teachers in primary schools: current status and opportunities for enhancement
Authors: Aljohani Amal H. , Alshamani Abeer Mutair , Aljohani Afnan Ahmed , Almohammadi Aisha Saad , Alharbi Bushra Saad , Altarjami Deena Faraj , Alsaedi Reyouf Samer
Published: January 2025

Background

Food allergies are common among children worldwide. This occurs when the immune system has an abnormal reaction to certain foods. This reaction can range in severity from mild to severe and may lead to anaphylaxis, which can be fatal. As teachers are the first responders in managing such situations in schools, this study aims to explore and measure primary school teachers' knowledge and attitudes about food allergies and their management and review the current school policy.

Methods

This cross-sectional study uses a randomly distributed online questionnaire to measure teachers' knowledge and attitudes at primary schools in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Results

The sample consisted of 383 primary school teachers. Approximately 87.5% of the participants were aware of food allergies. More than two-thirds of teachers were able to identify anaphylactic shock. Only 15.4% of the teachers knew that an epinephrine autoinjector was the first aid measurement to be taken. Additionally, 39.9% of the teachers reported that the school does not have an action plan for dealing with students with food allergies. Approximately 93.4% of the participants agreed that avoiding foods that cause allergies is important for preventing allergies.

Conclusions

This study revealed teachers' good knowledge in the identification of food allergy and their symptoms, as well as the awareness of their potential severity. However, the study highlighted a significant gap in management. Most had positive attitudes toward learning about food allergies. Therefore, administration policies and strategies need to be implemented to assist in managing food allergies at school.
Unphysiological lung strain promotes ventilation-induced lung injury via activation of the PECAM-1/Src/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Gang , Dong Bin-Bin , Ding Zi-Heng , Lan Chao , Zhu Chang-Ju , Liu Qi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation often leads to ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), which is attributed to unphysiological lung strain (UPLS) in respiratory dynamics. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a transmembrane receptor, senses mechanical signals. The Src/STAT3 pathway plays a crucial role in the mechanotransduction network, concurrently triggering pyroptosis related inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that the mechanical stretch caused by UPLS can be sensed by PECAM-1 in the lungs, leading to VILI via the Src/STAT3 and pyroptosis pathway.

Methods

A VILI model was established in rats through UPLS. The link between lung strain and VILI as well as the change in the activation of PECAM-1, Src/STAT3, and pyroptosis was firstly being explored. Then, the inhibitors of PECAM-1, Src, STAT3 were adopted respectively, the effect on VILI, inflammation, the Src/STAT3 pathway, and pyroptosis was evaluated. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to validate the findings in vivo.

Results

UPLS activated PECAM-1, Src/STAT3 signaling pathway, inflammation, and pyroptosis in the VILI model with rats, whereas inhibition of PECAM-1 or the Src/STAT3 signaling pathway decreased lung injury, inflammatory responses, and pyroptosis. Inhibition of PECAM-1 also reduced activation of the Src/STAT3 signaling pathway. The mechanism was validated with HUVECs exposed to overload mechanical cyclic stretch.

Conclusions

This study suggests that UPLS contributes to VILI by activating the PECAM-1/Src/STAT3 pathway and inducing inflammatory responses as well aspyroptosis.
Oxycodone for analgesia in children undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized, double-blind, parallel study
Authors: Ji Wei , Sun Liping , Huang Yue , Bai Jie , Zheng Jijian , Zhang Kan
Published: January 2025

Background

Postoperative visceral pain is a common complication after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this study, we compared the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of oxycodone and fentanyl in children undergoing ERCP.

Methods

A single-center, randomized, double-blind study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Eighty-two pediatric patients aged 2–18 years who were scheduled for elective ERCP were randomly assigned to receive either oxycodone (0.2 mg/kg) or fentanyl (2 μg/kg). The postoperative pain was evaluated after 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) as well as 6 h and 24 h in the ward following ERCP. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were examined by blood sampling at baseline, 6 h, and 24 h after ERCP.

Results

Compared to fentanyl, children receiving oxycodone had significantly lower pain scores at 30 min, 6 h, and 24 h after ERCP, while the scores at 10 and 20 min were similar in both groups. We also found that fewer patients had pain scores ≥3 at 6 h and 24 h after the procedure in the oxycodone group [36.6% (15/41) vs. 61.0% (25/41) at 6 h, 34.1% (14/41) vs. 58.5% (24/41) at 24 h, p = 0.027 for both cases]. Furthermore, fewer children in the oxycodone group had elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 at 6 h and TNF-α at 24 h after ERCP) compared to the fentanyl group. The incidence of postoperative vomiting was also lower among children receiving oxycodone [14.1% (7/41) vs. 24.4% (10/41), p = 0.032].

Conclusion

Oxycodone (0.2 mg kg−1) can provide effective analgesia and stable hemodynamics in children undergoing ERCP. This analgesic characteristic may be related to amelioration of inflammation after ERCP.

Clinical Trial Registration

www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300074473.
Analysis of nanomedicine applications for inflammatory bowel disease: structural and temporal dynamics, research hotspots, and emerging trends
Authors: Jiang Hong-Yu , Shao Bo , Wang Hong-Da , Zhao Wen-Qi , Ren Shao-Hua , Xu Yi-Ni , Liu Tong , Sun Cheng-Lu , Xiao Yi-Yi , Li Yi-Cheng , Chen Qiang , Zhao Peng-Yu , Yang Guang-Mei , Liu Xu , Ren Yu-Fan , Wang Hao
Published: January 2025

Background

The application of nanomedicine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gained significant attention in the recent years. As the field rapidly evolves, analyzing research trends and identifying research hotpots are essential for guiding future advancements, and a comprehensive bibliometric can provide valuable insights.

Methods

The current research focused on publications from 2001 to 2024, and was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to visualize authors, institutions, countries, co-cited references, and keywords, thereby mapping the intellectual structure and identifying emerging trends in the field.

Results

The analysis covered 1,518 literature across 447 journals, authored by 9,334 researchers from 5,459 institutions and 287 countries/regions. The global publication numbers exhibited an upward trend, particularly in the last decade, with China leading as the top publishing country and the Chinese Academy of Sciences emerging as the foremost institution. Dr. Xiao Bo is the prominent figure in advanced drug delivery systems. This interdisciplinary field, which spans materials science, pharmacy, and medicine, has seen influential publications mainly concentrated on targeted nanoparticles treatment for IBD. Keyword analysis revealed that current research hotspots include drug delivery, immune cell regulation, antioxidant damage, intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and nanovesicles.

Conclusion

This study offers a comprehensive overview of global research landscape, emphasizing the rapid growth and increasing complexity of this field. It identifies key research hotspots and trends, including efforts to enhance the precision, efficacy, and safety of nanomedicine applications. Emerging directions are highlighted as crucial for further progress in this evolving area.
ITGAX promotes gastric cancer progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway
Authors: Hu Jiali , Cao Jing , Huang Shanshan , Chen Yang
Published: January 2025

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for nearly 800,000 fatalities annually. ITGAX (Integrin alpha X) is closely associated with immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Its involvement in gastric cancer was identified through an analysis of The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which highlighted ITGAX as one of four key gastric cancer-related genes. Our study demonstrates that ITGAX expression is significantly elevated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues and is positively correlated with clinical prognosis in gastric cancer patients from the GEO database. Moreover, ITGAX enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenic capacity in mouse models. Furthermore, we explored the underlying role of ITGAX using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis. Our findings reveal that ITGAX promotes gastric cancer progression by driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway (EMT), suggesting its potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis in gastric cancer.
Synergistic interaction between wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus modulates wheat transcriptome to favor disease severity
Authors: Nunna Haritha , Palmer Nathan A. , Sarath Gautam , Wegulo Stephen N. , Tatineni Satyanarayana
Published: January 2025

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; Tritimovirus tritici) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV; Poacevirus tritici), the type members of the genera Tritimovirus and Poacevirus, respectively, in the family Potyviridae, are economically important wheat viruses in the Great Plains region of the USA. Co-infection of wheat by WSMV and TriMV results in disease synergism. Wheat transcriptome from singly (WSMV or TriMV) and doubly (WSMV+TriMV) infected upper uninoculated leaves were analyzed by RNA-Seq at 9, 12, and 21 days postinoculation. A total of 31,754 differentially expressed wheat genes were identified among all comparisons. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis resulted in 11 co-expression modules that broadly indicated gene expression profiles attributable to control, single, and double infections. Gene ontology, protein domain and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes specifically related to photosynthesis, growth, stress, senescence, and defense were differentially enriched. Analyses of transcription factor families indicated that genes encoding MADS-Box and ARFs were strongly enriched in control plants, moderately repressed in TriMV-infected plants, and more strongly repressed in WSMV- and doubly-infected plants, whereas genes encoding WRKYs and NACs were more enriched in WSMV or doubly infected plants. Synergistic interactions between WSMV and TriMV drastically enhanced disease phenotype compared to individual virus infections. The progression of disease phenotype was correlated to transcriptomic changes, indicating the strong disruption to plant metabolism and likely channeling of energy and metabolites for viral replication. There also appeared to be a connection between viral replication and plastid health, with stronger downregulation of genes needed for chloroplast functions and integrity and increased synergism between TriMV and WSMV. This study provides an overview of transcriptomic changes distinctly influenced by TriMV and WSMV either singly or in combination and provides a good correlation between specific transcription factors and genes associated with metabolism to observed phenotypic changes in plant growth and disease synergism.
The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on flooding response of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Safavi-Rizi Vajiheh , Friedlein Helen , Safavi-Rizi Sayedhamid , Krajinski-Barth Franziska
Published: January 2025

Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in precipitation and flooding. Consequently, plants that are adapted to dry conditions have to adjust to frequent flooding periods. In this study, we investigate the flooding response of Medicago truncatula, a Mediterranean plant adapted to warm and dry conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis plays a key role in enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance, yet its interactions with environmental stressors such as flooding remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of mycorrhizal colonization and flooding stress on the growth, physiological and molecular responses of M. truncatula wild-type (WT) and ha1-2 mutant lines. ha1-2 mutant plants are unable to form a functional symbiosis with AM fungi as they are impaired in the proton pump required for phosphate transport from AM fungus to the plant. Over a six-week period, WT and ha1-2 plants were cultivated in the presence of Rhizophagus irregularis and subsequently subjected to a 10-day waterlogging treatment. Our results indicated that under control and also flooding conditions, WT mycorrhizal plants exhibited increased dry biomass compared to non-mycorrhizal WT plants. In contrast, the ha1-2 mutant plants did not show the enhanced biomass gain associated with AM symbiosis. The decline in biomass in response to flooding was more pronounced in mycorrhizal plants compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants. In mycorrhizal plants, flooding suppressed the transcript levels of MtPt4 gene in both WT, although not significantly, and ha1-2 mutant lines. Gene expression analysis showed modulation in genes related to nitrogen metabolism and hypoxic response. A strong upregulation of the MtGNS1 transcript (~3000-fold) was observed in WT, however, this upregulation was milder in the ha1-2 plants. Our findings suggest that while AMF symbiosis positively affects plant biomass under control conditions, its beneficial effects were attenuated under flooding stress. Future research will focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms behind AMF modulation of flooding stress responses, including nutrient uptake and metabolism, stress tolerance, and recovery post-flooding. These results will facilitate the enhancement of AMF-based strategies to improve plant resilience against climate change-induced flooding events.
Early handwriting development: a longitudinal perspective on handwriting time, legibility, and spelling
Authors: Truxius Lidia , Sägesser Wyss Judith , Maurer Michelle N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Learning to write is a complex task involving peripheral (e.g., handwriting speed and legibility) and central (e.g., spelling) processes. Coordinating these processes is particularly demanding for novice writers who have not yet automated their handwriting skills. To better support children in developing handwriting, it is crucial to understand the development and interactions of these peripheral and central processes over time.

Methods

This longitudinal study (n = 363; 49.8% girls) investigated the development and interrelations of handwriting speed (time spent on writing tasks), legibility, and spelling in German-speaking first-grade children (Mage = 7 years) across 12 months. The children were assessed at three time points, spaced 6 months apart, from the beginning of the first grade to the start of the second grade.

Results and discussion

While performance in all domains of handwriting (time, legibility, and spelling) improved over the school year, these skills were particularly strongly interrelated at the beginning of writing acquisition but became increasingly independent towards the second grade. Surprisingly, the results from the structural equation model showed that the relations between handwriting legibility and time reversed over time: Initially, faster handwriting was associated with more legible handwriting, while with increasing practice a trade-off appeared. Furthermore, when considering cross-lagged paths, the structural equation model revealed that handwriting legibility at the beginning of the first grade significantly predicted subsequent handwriting time and spelling abilities at the end of the school year. In summary, handwriting proficiency stabilizes quickly, while patterns of associations between peripheral and central handwriting processes change across the first year of handwriting instruction.
Effectiveness of mobile mindfulness training on stress, burnout, and work engagement of office workers: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Seung Il , Yoon Seok In , Song Geum Ju , Park Hui Yeong , Chung Sun Yong , Kim Jong Woo
Published: January 2025

Background

Work stress has a detrimental impact on individual health and corporate efficiency and productivity. Mindfulness reduces workers’ stress and burnout and increases work engagement and performance. Smartphone-based interventions could be an alternative to provide customized training without geographical or economic constraints. This study aims to investigate whether mobile mindfulness training (MMT) improves office workers’ stress, burnout, and work engagement.

Methods

This study is a two-arm randomized controlled trial. In total, 114 office workers will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group will undergo MMT, following both daily and event guidelines, for the first 4 weeks. In contrast, the control group will not receive any intervention for the first 4 weeks. During the next 4 weeks, the control group will undergo MMT for ethical reasons. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention (fourth week), and follow-up (eighth week). The outcomes are burnout, work engagement, perceived stress, mindfulness, and vitality.

Discussion

This study will serve as a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of MMT on stress, burnout, and work engagement of office workers.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung-Hee University [KHSIRB-24-063(RA)]. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

Clinical trial registration

Identifier [KCT0009458]. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=26951&status=5&seq_group=26951&search_page=M
Integrating literature and family insights: exploring the needs of families supporting adults with diabetes
Authors: Soares Vânia Lídia , Lemos Sara , Sequeira Carlos , Morais Carminda Soares , Barbieri-Figueiredo Maria do Céu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The considerable influence that family members can have on diabetes management is well recognized. Therefore, it is crucial for professionals to acknowledge the impact of the diagnosis on family members. This study aimed to comprehensively identify and understand the needs of family members with an adult diagnosed with diabetes using a two-phased research design.

Methods

Phase 1 was a scoping literature review using databases such as MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, SciELO, and PsycINFO, and gray literature from the Scientific Open Access Repository of Portugal and OpenGrey, focusing on studies from 2017 to 2023, adhering to the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA guidelines. Phase 2 involved a focus group to gather qualitative data on family experiences, which was analyzed using content analysis and following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results from both phases revealed five themes

Communication and emotional expression within families, the impact of diabetes on the family, diabetes-specific knowledge, socio-cultural and environmental influences on diabetes management, and communication with healthcare providers. Integrating these findings highlighted the specific needs of families, suggesting that tailored interventions should be developed to enhance diabetes management support and promote overall family well-being.
Global temporal trends and projections of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2035: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: He Quanwei , Chang Xiujuan , Xu Ran , Han Wei , Wang Sihao , Gong Shujuan , Huang Jiagan , Liu Jiangtao , Zhang Rugang , Yang Yongping
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis pose significant global health threats. Few studies have explored the disease burden and mortality trend of cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection among adolescents and young adults (AYAs, aged 15–39 years). This study aimed to assess the disease burden and trends.

Methods

Publicly available data were obtained from the 2021 GBD database. The rates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years were calculated at the global, regional, and national levels. Temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression analysis, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict future trends.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence rate of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis decreased from 111.33 (95% uncertainty interval: 89.18 to 134.98) to 67.75 (54.06 to 82.71) per 100,000 with an average annual percentage change of −1.58 (95% confidence interval: −1.66 to −1.51, p < 0.001). However, between 1990 and 2021, the incidence numbers in the 30–34 and 35–39 age groups increased by 23.75 and 21.24%, respectively. The number of deaths in low and low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) areas increased by 79.51 and 20.62%, respectively. Moreover, it is predicted that the numbers of incidences and deaths will continue to rise in areas with low SDI. At the regional level, Central Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest incidence and mortality rates. In 2021, Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest incidence rates, whereas Kiribati and Cambodia had the highest mortality rates.

Conclusion

The overall burden of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis among AYAs has decreased over the past three decades. Nevertheless, there was a slight increase in the incidence number among individuals aged 30–39 years. The substantial burden and predicted rise in the numbers of incidences and deaths in low SDI areas underscore the need for sustained and targeted public health interventions.
Assessment of access and outcomes of kidney transplantation through the reforms of the Swiss organ allocation system
Authors: Bertacchi Massimiliano , Ferrari-Lacraz Sylvie , Nilsson Jakob , Thaqi Agim , Schmutz Yvan , Wehmeier Caroline , Schachtner Thomas , Mueller Thomas , Golshayan Dela , Vionnet Julien , Schaub Stefan , Haidar Fadi , Binet Isabelle , Thierbach Jutta , Wirthmueller Urs , Sidler Daniel , Immer Franz , Villard Jean
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The Swiss allocation system for kidney transplantation has evolved over time to balance medical urgency, immunological compatibility, and waiting time. Since the introduction of the transplantation law in 2007, which imposed organ allocation on a national level, the algorithm has been optimized. Initially based on waiting time, HLA compatibility, and crossmatch performed by cell complement-dependent cytotoxicity techniques, the system moved in 2012 to a score including HLA compatibility, waiting time, anti-HLA antibodies detected by the Luminex® technology, and a virtual crossmatch. In 2015, the score was optimized to balance the impact of preemptive listing and HLA matching of hyperimmunized recipients.

Methods

We reviewed access to transplants and post-transplant outcomes along those changes, defining three periods (v0: 2007–2012, v1: 2012–2015, v2: 2015–2020).

Results

Changes in the Swiss allocation system improved the fairness of access to transplantation, particularly for hyperimmunized patients. However, the system still fails to grant fair access to some blood groups. Furthermore, our data showed that rule modifications did not impact early post-transplant complications, maintaining similar time to first rejection and 1-year graft survival across subgroups.

Discussion

Such an analysis is useful for validating changes made to the allocation system and identifying aspects that need to be implemented in future revisions.
The role of government fiscal and tax incentives in green technology innovation and enterprise development: implications for human health and hygiene
Authors: Shi Yinghong , Ge Jing
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine how government fiscal and tax incentives facilitate the development and application of green technologies, promoting corporate environmental responsibility and improving public health and hygiene.

Methods

The study utilizes empirical data from listed enterprises in the new energy automobile industry between 2018 and 2023. A multiple regression model is used to assess the effects of government subsidies and tax incentives on green technological innovation and enterprise growth, controlling for various factors such as enterprise size and R&D investment.

Results

The analysis reveals that both government subsidies and tax incentives have a significant positive impact on green technology innovation and the development of green enterprises. The results also highlight regional variations, with enterprises in central and western regions benefiting more from tax incentives than those in eastern regions.

Conclusion

Government fiscal and tax incentives play a crucial role in fostering green technology innovation and sustainable enterprise development. To optimize the effectiveness of these policies, improvements in policy implementation, especially in addressing regional disparities, are necessary. This study provides insights for policymakers and green enterprises on leveraging incentives for long-term sustainability and public health benefits.
Ethical leadership and nurses’ job performance: the mediating role of self-compassion
Authors: Liu Xingxing , He Fang , Tian Tian , Guo Fangli , Zhang Jun , Zhong Yuexia
Published: January 2025

Background

Ethical leadership is crucial in nursing management, and self-compassion is increasingly recognized as a significant factor influencing nurses’ job performance. Although the link between ethical leadership and nurse job performance has been established, the specific mechanisms that underlie this relationship remain unclear. Additionally, there is a paucity of research examining the potential role of self-compassion in this context. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, ethical leadership, and nurses’ job performance while also validating the mediating role of self-compassion.

Methods

This study employed a convenience sampling method to conduct a cross-sectional online survey involving 968 nurses from four tertiary-level hospitals in Xi’an, China, conducted between April and May 2024. Participants completed self-report questionnaires that included the Ethical Leadership Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and Job Performance Scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test, Spearman correlation analysis, and the PROCESS tool within SPSS.

Results

The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between ethical leadership and self-compassion (r = 0.631, p < 0.01), as well as between ethical leadership and job performance (r = 0.688, p < 0.01). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between self-compassion and job performance (r = 0.564, p < 0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and job performance. The overall impact of ethical leadership on job performance (β = 0.680) comprised a direct effect (β = 0.499) and an indirect effect mediated by self-compassion (β = 0.181). The mediating effect accounted for 26.62% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that ethical leadership not only directly predicts nurses’ job performance but also indirectly influences it by enhancing their levels of self-compassion. Consequently, nursing managers should prioritize the cultivation and reinforcement of ethical leadership styles while fostering a supportive environment that promotes effective self-compassion practices. Implementing these strategies is essential for improving nurses’ job performance and well-being, ultimately contributing to a higher quality of care and greater stability within the nursing team.
Fostering effective hybrid human-LLM reasoning and decision making
Authors: Passerini Andrea , Gema Aryo , Minervini Pasquale , Sayin Burcu , Tentori Katya
Published: January 2025

The impressive performance of modern Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks, along with their often non-trivial errors, has garnered unprecedented attention regarding the potential of AI and its impact on everyday life. While considerable effort has been and continues to be dedicated to overcoming the limitations of current models, the potentials and risks of human-LLM collaboration remain largely underexplored. In this perspective, we argue that enhancing the focus on human-LLM interaction should be a primary target for future LLM research. Specifically, we will briefly examine some of the biases that may hinder effective collaboration between humans and machines, explore potential solutions, and discuss two broader goals—mutual understanding and complementary team performance—that, in our view, future research should address to enhance effective human-LLM reasoning and decision-making.
Evaluation of fouling and chemical cleaning of reverse osmosis membrane after treatment of geothermal water
Authors: Zaid Aseel , Jarma Yakubu Abdullahi , Ahmed Senan Islam Rashad , Karaoğlu Aslı , Cihanoğlu Aydın , Baba Alper , Kabay Nalan
Published: January 2025

In this study, high mineral scaling propensity geothermal water was treated using a FilmTech BW30-2540 reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, integrated into a mini-pilot scale membrane test unit installed at a geothermal heating center. The study was conducted in eight cycles by monitoring membrane fouling via membrane flux decline. Firstly, the geothermal water coming from the source at approximately 80°C was taken into holding tanks and allowed to reach approximately room temperature (25°C). Then, the geothermal water that reached this temperature was used in the system. The fouling degree was compared to the initial permeability of the virgin membrane. After each treatment cycle, the membrane’s permeability was evaluated both before and after acid cleaning. Permeability testing was conducted using RO permeate as the feed, under pressures ranging from 8 to 30 bar, with 2-bar increments. The geothermal water treatment was performed at a constant pressure of 15 bar, with a water recovery maintained at approximately 50%. Prior to each permeability test, the membrane underwent a 45-min wash with citric acid, followed by a rinse with RO permeate. During the first five cycles, citric acid was used at a concentration of 1000 mg/L, achieving a flux recovery of 86.6% by the fifth cycle. In the subsequent three cycles, the citric acid concentration was increased to 4000 mg/L, resulting in a flux recovery of 63.4% by the eighth cycle. The study concluded that scale formation on the membrane surface intensified as the number of cycles increased.
Effects of a 10-week athletic performance program on match performance variables in male professional football players
Authors: Jiménez Rubio Sergio , Estévez Rodríguez José L. , Escamilla Galindo Victor , Jiménez-Sáiz Sergio L. , Del Coso Juan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an Athletic Performance Program (APP), implemented as a complement to the usual training routines of a professional football team, on match performance variables in professional football players. The APP was designed to target mobility, stability, strength, multidirectional and sprint skills, which are critical for performance during competitive matches.

Methods

A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted over three consecutive seasons. Fifty-four professional football players were randomly allocated into a control group (CG, n = 25) and an experimental group (EG, n = 29). During the in-season period, both groups followed the standard training routines prescribed by the coaching staff. Additionally, the CG performed a general supplementary physical fitness program five times per week, while the EG undertook the APP with the same frequency. The APP included indoor track sessions and micro-doses of on-field stimuli, focusing on specific performance attributes. The interventions lasted 10 weeks. Performance metrics were assessed pre- and post-intervention using GPS to measure match-related variables (total running distance, sprint distance, number of sprints, and peak running speed) and countermovement jump tests to evaluate vertical jumping ability. A two-way ANOVA (2 × 2; group and time) was employed to analyze the effects of the interventions and their interaction.

Results

Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for total running distance (F = 51.853, P < 0.001), sprint distance (F = 197.610, P < 0.001), number of sprints (F = 86.923, P < 0.001), and peak running speed (F = 81.351, P < 0.001) during matches. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that only the EG showed improvements across all performance variables: total running distance (117.5 ± 5.20 to 123.1 ± 3.5 m/min, P < 0.001), sprint distance (6.45 ± 1.43 to 8.35 ± 1.22 m/min, P < 0.001), number of sprints (0.14 ± 0.03 to 0.16 ± 0.03 sprint/min, P < 0.001), and peak running speed (31.1 ± 1.3 to 32.1 ± 1.0 km/h, P < 0.001). Conversely, the CG exhibited significant declines in these metrics post-intervention (P < 0.001).

Discussion

The findings demonstrate that integrating a 10-week multicomponent Athletic Performance Program into traditional training routines is effective in enhancing match performance variables, particularly in high-intensity actions such as sprints and running speed. The APP's focus on mobility, stability, strength, and sprint-specific skills likely contributed to these improvements, highlighting the importance of targeted supplementary training for optimizing athletic performance in professional football players. The observed decline in the CG emphasizes the need for specialized interventions to maintain and improve performance during the season.
Spatio-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas in China
Authors: Ding Qiyan , Yang Zhen , Huang Zhouyu
Published: January 2025

High-quality development refers to an efficient, equitable and sustainable development aimed at meeting the growing needs of individuals for a better life, and is an inevitable requirement for agriculture and rural areas development. Based on data at the provincial level, this study used the entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition, and spatial Markov chain to estimate the spatio-temporal differentiation of high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas (HQDAR) in China from 2008 to 2022. Additionally, the geographically and temporally weighted regression was employed to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the level of HQDAR in China increased steadily, and the spatial distribution showed a pattern of highest in the eastern region, followed by the center and the lowest in the west. (2) The HQDAR in China had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. Hot spots were primarily situated in some eastern and central provinces, while cold spots were primarily situated in the western regions. (3) There were clear spatial differences in the HQDAR in China, mainly due to inter-regional differences, followed by intra-regional differences and hypervariable density. (4) The HQDAR in China maintained the stability of the original state and demonstrated an obvious trend of overall upward transfer. The neighborhood background had an important influence on the change in its transfer, and the influence of varying neighborhood backgrounds was different. (5) The influencing factors showed significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity. The urbanization level, transportation infrastructure, scientific and technological innovation ability, and Internet penetration rate mainly had positive effects, while industrial structure and rural population aging mainly had negative effects. These findings can provide relevant policy recommendations for improving the quality of agriculture and rural areas.
Holocord syringomyelia in 18 dogs
Authors: Douralidou Despoina , Mari Lorenzo , Wyatt Sophie , Minguez Juan Jose , Fernandez Patricia Alvarez , Anselmi Carlo , Posporis Christoforos
Published: January 2025

Holocord syringomyelia (HSM) is characterized by a continuous spinal cord cavitation along its entire length and is currently poorly documented in dogs. This retrospective multicentric case series investigates the clinical and MRI findings in 18 dogs with HSM. The median age at presentation was 82 months (range 9–108 months) and French Bulldogs were overrepresented (50%). Signs of myelopathy attributed to HSM were detected in 12 dogs (67%), spinal pain/paresthesia/allodynia in eight (44%), and four dogs (22%) had no HSM-associated signs. The most common neuroanatomical localization was C1-C5 spinal cord segments. On MRI, the cranial limit of HSM was at C1 vertebra in seven (39%) and at C2 in 11 dogs (61%). The caudal limit extended to L3 in four dogs (22%), L4 or L5 in six dogs (33%) each, and L6 in two dogs (11%). The conus medullaris terminated at L5 in one dog (6%), L6 in 11 (61%), and L7 in six dogs (33%). Seventeen dogs (94%) exhibited MRI features of Chiari-like and/or other intracranial/cranio-cervical junction malformations. One dog (6%) was treated surgically, 11 (61%) medically, and six (33%) received no treatment. Over a median follow-up of 12 months (range 2–65 months) in 16 dogs, one dog (6%) improved, nine (56%) deteriorated, four (25%) were static, and two (13%) remained free of HSM-associated signs. This is the first study to describe canine HSM, highlighting a possible breed predisposition in French Bulldogs. The frequent occurrence of myelopathy and disease progression underscores the need for further research into the underlying etiopathogenesis, natural disease evolution, and response to therapeutic interventions.
Prescribed Performance Tracking Control for Nonlinear Stochastic Time-Delay Systems with Multiple Constraints
Authors: Zhang Man , Chang Ru , Wang Ying
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a prescribed performance tracking control scheme for a category of nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems with input saturation and state asymmetric time-varying constraints. First, to solve the non-differentiable problem caused by input saturation, a smooth nonlinear function was utilized to approximate the saturation function. A nonlinear mapping technique was employed to transform the constrained problem into a bounded convergence problem. The time-delay problem was then solved by constructing the corresponding Lyapunov–Krasovskii function. The error feedback controller was constructed by combining the backstepping technique, the dynamic surface technique, the neural network approximation technique, and the adaptive control method. Based on stochastic mean-square stability theory, all signals in the closed-loop system are proven to be bounded under the designed control scheme. Also, this scheme ensures that the system states always stay within the constraint range, and the tracking error meets the prescribed performance constraint. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control scheme were validated through simulation.
Determination of the Tail Unit Parameters of Ultralight Manned and Unmanned Helicopters at the Preliminary Design Stage
Authors: Dudnik Vitaly
Published: January 2025

The 1–2 seat helicopters have developed considerably in recent years. They have a maximum take-off weight of 250 to 750 kg. Most of these helicopters have been converted into unmanned versions. Typically, such UAV models retain the rotor system, power plant, transmission, and empennage of the manned versions. For this reason, statistics and design methods for small manned helicopters are also applied to unmanned versions. The existing methods for selecting helicopter parameters in the preliminary design phase are based on statistical data for heavier-class helicopters. However, the lightest weight class helicopters differ significantly from their heavier counterparts. The analysis shows that the results of parameter selection at the preliminary design stage have an error rate of between 11 and 30%. The main reason for this difference is a scale factor. In this paper, a method for determining helicopter tail unit parameters at the preliminary design stage is presented. The proposed relationships for the horizontal stabilizer, fin, tail boom, and tail rotor parameters are based on an analysis of statistical data from 36 rotorcraft and the author’s design experience. In particular, the article presents the relationships between the geometric parameters of the empennage and tail rotor from other helicopter data. The relationships presented also allow the mass of the tail unit to be determined.
Gene Mining and Genetic Effect Analysis Reveal Novel Loci, TaZn-2DS Associated with Zinc Content in Wheat Grain
Authors: Hong Zhuangzhuang , Zeng Zhankui , Li Jiaojiao , Yan Xuefang , Song Junqiao , Yan Qunxiang , Li Qiong , Zhao Yue , Liu Chang , Jing Xueyan , Wang Chunping
Published: January 2025

Zinc is an essential microelement of enzymes and proteins in wheat grains and humans. A deficiency in zinc content can lead to decreased wheat yield and low zinc content in grains, which in turn leads to insufficient dietary zinc intake. One recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from crosses Avocet/Huites (AH population) was used to map QTL for grain zinc content (GZnC) using diversity array technology (DArT). Nine QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D. Among them, QGZn.haust-AH-2D was detected in multiple environments, accounting for 5.61% to 11.27% of the phenotypic variation with a physical interval of 13.62 Mb to 17.82 Mb. Meanwhile, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (CH population) comprising 243 cultivars or advanced lines revealed some genetic loci associated with zinc content in the wheat 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. This was also identified within the physical interval of 13.61 Mb to 15.12 Mb of chromosome 2D, which accounted for 8.99% to 11.58% of the phenotypic variation in five models. A high-throughput competitive allele specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed, which verified the wheat natural population (NA population). QGZn.haust-AH-2D was fine mapped into a narrow region named TaZn-2DS between KAZn-2D-3 and 1111273 at a physical distance of 2.70 Mb, and the genetic effect of TaZn-2DS was 11.43%. This study shows that TaZn-2DS is associated with zinc content, and develops KAZn-2D-3 markers for the genetic improvement of nutritional quality in wheat.
Combining UAV-Based Multispectral and Thermal Images to Diagnosing Dryness Under Different Crop Areas on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Juan , Qi Yuan , Li Qian , Zhang Jinlong , Yang Rui , Wang Hongwei , Li Xiangfeng
Published: January 2025

Dryness is a critical limiting factor for achieving high agricultural productivity on China’s Loess Plateau (LP). High-precision, field-scale dryness monitoring is essential for the implementation of precision agriculture. However, obtaining dryness information with adequate spatial and temporal resolution remains a significant challenge. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems can capture high-resolution remote sensing images on demand, but the effectiveness of UAV-based dryness indices in mapping the high-resolution spatial heterogeneity of dryness across different crop areas at the agricultural field scale on the LP has yet to be fully explored. Here, we conducted UAV–ground synchronized experiments on three typical croplands in the eastern Gansu province of the Loess Plateau (LP). Multispectral and thermal infrared sensors mounted on the UAV were used to collect high-resolution multispectral and thermal images. The temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) and the temperature–vegetation–soil moisture dryness index (TVMDI) were calculated based on UAV imagery. A total of 14 vegetation indices (VIs) were employed to construct various VI-based TVDIs, and the optimal VI was selected. Correlation analysis and Gradient Structure Similarity (GSSIM) were applied to evaluate the suitability and spatial differences between the TVDI and TVMDI for dryness monitoring. The results indicate that TVDIs constructed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) were more consistent with the characteristics of crop responses to dryness stress. Furthermore, the TVDI demonstrated higher sensitivity in dryness monitoring compared with the TVMDI, making it more suitable for assessing dryness variations in rain-fed agriculture in arid regions.