bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary assessment of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binnend.) stand on the KPPN Bulian of the District VIII of PT. Wirakarya Sakti, Jambi as seed source candidate
Authors: Prastyono  , Haryjanto L , Putri A I , Herawan T , Fauzi M A , Izudin E , Setiawan A , Suprihati  , Hartono R , Priatna D , Agusta C , Hardoko T , Rahman E , Suharyanto
Published: November 2021

Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is one of Indonesia’s most economically valuable timber tree species and was listed as Vulnerable in 1998 by the IUCN. To support conservation activities and establish E. zwageri’s plantation, good quality planting stocks should be collected from specific seed sources. Currently, there is only one ironwood seed source in Sumatra that has been registered. This study aimed to assess the potential for an ironwood stand on the KPPN Bulian of the District VIII of PT. Wirakarya Sakti is to be proposed as a seed source. The assessment was conducted on July 2020 by a 100% inventory of ironwood trees in the area of 43 ha. Every individual tree and copy of ironwood was measured for its stem diameter and tree height and observed for its health, flowers, fruits, and seedlings in the ground. In total, 1,029 individual trees, copies and seedlings were recorded. Among them, 116 trees were found to have young fruits and seedlings emergence in the forest floor. Generally, the ironwood stand is sound and meets the criteria to be registered as an identified seed stand of ironwood.
Integrated disease management to control gall rust disease on the seedling and sapling of Falcataria moluccana
Authors: Lelana N E , Darmawan U W , Anggraeni I , Astanti F E , Rosalinda M D
Published: November 2021

Several control methods have been developed to control the disease caused by Uromycladium falcatariae. However, it is still used a single approach that may not receive satisfactory results. This study applied integrated disease management that consisted of physical, chemical, and biological approaches to reduce gall rust disease incidence. In the nursery, the control methods used were selecting nursery location, applying the biological agent Trichoderma sp, and regular spraying with fungicides. Meanwhile, after planting, the control methods used were regularly spraying with fungicides, pruning the infected tissues, and fertilizer application. Three active ingredients were used for fungicide application: tebuconazole, a mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, and tribasic copper sulfate. The result showed no gall rust disease incidence in the seedling until it was ready for planting (4 months old). In addition, the application also gave positive results on seedling growth performance compared to the control. After planting, the incidence of gall rust disease can be reduced between 16.5-32.5% when the saplings were three months old and 14.3-26.3% when the saplings were ten months old. Fungicide with the active ingredient, a mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, showed more effective protection against gall rust disease infection compared to other active ingredients.
Farming competence of farmer in peatland management: Case in Rasau Jaya Dua Village, West Kalimantan Province
Authors: Sanudin  , Widyaningsih T S , Fauziyah E
Published: November 2021

The local community has managed peatlands for a long time with various commodities and levels of management. The success of farming in peatland requires the seriousness of farmers and proper land management to produce peatland’s high productivity and sustainability, including farmer’s competence. The research aims to analyze farmers’ competence in peatland farming and identify factors that influence farmers’ competence in peatland management. The research was conducted from August to October 2017 in Rasau Jaya Dua Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan. The selection of 48 respondents was made by a simple random sampling method. Primary data, including characteristics of respondents and farmer’s competence in peatland management, were collected through interviews using questionnaires and field observations. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the correlation test of Rank Spearman. The results showed that the farmers’ competence level in peatland farming in Rasau Jaya Dua Village was moderate. Factors that must be considered to develop the farming competence in peatland are age, motivation, and interaction with extension workers. Increasing the farming competence of farmers in peatland management can be achieved through improving the interaction between farmers and extension workers.
Integrating issues of biodiversity and climate change to achieve sustainable forest management: A case of Mbeliling landscape, Flores
Authors: Adinugroho W C , Krisnawati H , Imanuddin R , Ayat A , Wirastami L A , Kusmana C
Published: November 2021

Biodiversity and climate change are interrelated, so a coordinated approach is needed to cover it by focusing on how landscapes provide many benefits. The Mbeliling landscape, Flores is the smallest management unit in an ecological perspective, essential for the conservation and preservation of biodiversity, especially for the endemic birds of Flores. Efforts to preserve biodiversity are also expected to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The study aims to produce data and information on biodiversity and potential carbon stocks at the land cover of the Mbeliling landscape. Desk study and field survey were used to answer research questions. The Mbeliling landscape has eight types of tree vegetation land cover that can serve as carbon sinks and the habitat for four species of Flores endemic birds. Approximately 139 species of vegetation with the total carbon stocks could potentially absorb the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of ± 103.63 Mt CO2-e. The type of land cover significantly influences carbon stocks. The land cover with forest category in the Mbeliling landscape has the most extensive carbon stock among other land cover types. This result can be used as a reference in managing the Mbeliling landscape in integrating efforts to conserve biodiversity and mitigate climate change through the REDD+ scheme.
The effect of feeding various species of mulberry (Morus spp.) on the growth of silkworm and quality of cocoon hybrid BS 09
Authors: Andadari L , Minarningsih  , Suwandi
Published: November 2021

Hybrid silkworm varieties, mulberry species, environmental factors, and rearing factors are essential for the cocoons’ quality. The species of silkworm feeding is a key factor in the sericulture industry, so the suitability of mulberry species for each silkworm hybrid species needs to be known. This study aimed to determine the effect of mulberry species on silkworm growth and quality of cocoons BS 09. The research method used was a randomized block design with four species of mulberry: Morus bombycis var Lembang, M. cathayana, M. multicaulis, and M. alba var Kanva 2 and one control species (mixed mulberry species). The research was carried out at Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor Regency. The determined parameters were the percentage of rearing, larva weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and percentage of cocoon shell. The experiment results showed that the percentage of rearing was 97.5%-100% for all species of mulberry. The best result of the cocoon weight was feed treatment of M. multicaulis (1.89 g), but it was not significant with feed treatment of M. bombycis var Lembang or M. cathayana or M. alba var Kanva 2. M. cathayana feed treatments give the best results for the cocoon shell weight (0.44 gram) and percentage of cocoon shell (22.82%).
Genetic diversity of Pericopsis mooniana from South Kalimantan based on Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) Markers
Authors: Yuskianti V , Sulistyawati P
Published: November 2021

The genetic diversity and relationship of Pericopsis mooniana collected from Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan, was analyzed using RAPD markers. Currently, the natural distribution of P. mooniana in Pulau Laut no longer exists. Instead, PT Inhutani II, as the concession holder in the area, had collected the remaining P.mooniana and planted it in the seed orchard, arboretum, or around PT Inhutani’s mess/office. Forty-two samples from four locations: mess/residential house (3), seed orchard (33), arboretum (3), and PT Inhutani II Unit Stagen (3) were analyzed using seven RAPD primers. Our study showed that the total genetic diversity of all populations was low (He = 0.191 ± 0.013). P. mooniana collected from seed orchards had the highest diversity (He = 0.289 ± 0.021), while the lowest was from mess/residential houses (He = 0.134 ± 0.025). The genetic relationship data indicated the possibility that P. mooniana from mess/residential house, arboretum, and seed orchard may come from the same origin. These results can be used to support the development of ex-situ conservation plots to avoid inbreeding depression. At the same time, the genetic diversity will be helpful in its conservation and further utilization, such as establishing the plantations to reduce the pressure of the species in nature and provide valuable timber production in Indonesia.
Indicator for peat natural recovery in Sebangau National Park in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Setyawati T , Julianti N , Pratiwi  , Mulyanto B , Subiakto A
Published: November 2021

Most of the existing peatland area in Indonesia is degraded mainly due to human activities. This, in association with the construction of drainage canals, resulted in a lower water table compared to its natural condition, causing many changes. Although the criteria for damage and recovery have already been articulated into several existing regulations, yet the indicators for recovery have not been widely studied. For effective restoration, managers need to have basic data related to the initial condition of damaged areas or at least have data on areas that are able to recover naturally without human assistance. Random sampling was used to collect field data on vegetation structure and composition, including direct interviews with the resource persons. Observations made in several locations within the Sebangau National Park indicated that some areas are recovering naturally and relatively fast, although some are not. During 2017 forest fires, only 98.03 ha or burned areas were recorded. This can be seen from the species composition and the vegetation structure covering the studied area. Conditions in the field indicate that all peat forests have been fragmented through the existence of canals which are used for various activities.
Ecological risk assessment of potentially invasive alien plant species in Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Handayani A , Junaedi D I , Zuhud E A M
Published: November 2021

More than 80 potentially invasive plant species have spread throughout the Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia. Recently, research has shown that the surrounding community utilizes more than 50% of these species. Although this utilization provides social and economic benefits, it threatens the Cibodas Biosphere Reserve core zone ecologically. Therefore, this study conducted a risk assessment to determine the invasiveness level of utilized plant species. The evaluation was performed using Hawaii and Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) scheme. The results show that almost all the potentially invasive plant species are high risk, with scores ranging from 10 to 26, except forFragaria vescaandMentha arvensis. The highest WRA score was obtained forLantana camaraand followed byAustroeupatorium inulifolium,Cobaea scandens,Mikania cordata, Sonchus asper,Clidemia hirta,Piper aduncum,Sonchus arvensis, Cestrum aurantiacum,Dracaena fragrans,Passiflora ligularis,Podachaenium eminens,Thunbergia coccinea, andWedelia trilobata. As most of these species were herbaceous plants obtained from cultivated areas, the risk of invasion into the core zone is low. Based on the findings, the recommended management option to control these species is harvesting, accompanied by containment. Through this method, the community can continue to use the species while controlling the population, thereby limiting their spread.
Alleviating peatland fire risk using water management trinity and community involvement
Authors: Fawzi N I , Qurani I Z , Darajat R
Published: November 2021

Conventionally, agriculture in peatland requires soil drainage to enable the crops to grow. This often results in being over-drained and makes it vulnerable to fires. The risk can be contained by applying water management trinity (WMT), which creates canals for water regulation and reservoirs instead of drainage. This study aimed to examine, elaborate, and validate the WMT effect and community involvement in minimizing fire risk in peatland. We collected water table depth every two weeks from 1 April 2017 to 31 December 2020 in a coconut plantation under WMT and employed Focus Groups Discussions (FGD) in five villages in Pulau Burung District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau. The result showed that the existence of WMT for more than three decades has successfully maintained water table depth between 30 and 70 cm that is influenced by seasons. The fire occurrence based on the FGD interview has been validated with hotspot data from NASA’s FIRMS. This research also employed SWOT analysis to examine the local fire mitigation strategy. The progress in lowering fire incidents and risk should be intervened with finding long-term solutions to increase farmers’ capability on sustainable agriculture. Our finding reveals that the main strength in lowering fire risk is people’s awareness in every village on the negative impact of land burning, along with the existence of WMT.
Agroforestry development in Lake Toba catchment area: Farmer’s perception and interest
Authors: Dewi R , Darwo  , Yeni I , Andadari L , Bogidarmanti R
Published: November 2021

The Lake Toba Catchment Area (LTCA) has degraded due to a lack of implementation of conservation principles. Agroforestry is one of the land-use techniques with a conservation approach. Agroforestry development in LTCA should be supported by stakeholders, especially farmers. Farmers’ support will be formed if they have a good perception and interest in developing the agroforestry systems. The study aims to determine farmers’ characteristics, perceptions, and interests in agroforestry development in LTCA. The study was conducted from July until August 2019 at Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire with 30 respondents. Measurement of farmers’ perception and interest use a Likert scale. The data were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the farmers’ age is dominated by the productive phase (30-50 years old); they are only completed elementary schools, with average landholding was <0.3 ha, and farming experience >10 years. Farmers’ perceptions and interests in agroforestry development in LTCA are in good categories, each with a score of 4.18. These perceptions and interests of farmers are supporting factors that would positively impact the development of sustainable agroforestry in LTCA.
The growth performance of dipterocarps species and understorey diversity in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Leuwiliang, Bogor
Authors: Fambayun R A , Istomo  , Ramadhan D E
Published: November 2021

Dipterocarps species is the main species composes Gunung Dahu research forest. Habitat suitability and growth performance of a species are some factors considered in the species selection for forest establishment. The understorey in a forest community serves to protect soil from erosion. This research aimed is to analyze the growth performance of various Dipterocarpaceae species and study understorey diversity in the research area. The measurement was conducted in four species trial plots contain ten Dipterocarps species consist of five individuals per species per plot or 200 individuals in total. The growth performance of Dipterocarp species was analyzed using the current annual increment (CAI) and mean annual increment (MAI) methods. The understorey diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index. The result showed thatShorea johorensisobtained the highest CAI, 0.95 cm year−1, andShorea platycladosgot the highest MAI, 1.78 cm/year.S. platycladosandS. leprosulawere projected to reach <40 cm in diameter after they got 25 years. The Gunung Dahu research forest’s understorey was classified as moderate (1.68 - 2.33). The dominant understorey species, namelyOldenlandia auricularia, Neprolephis biserrate, Ottochloa nodosa,andGleichenia linearis.This study concluded that the growth performance of Dipterocarps species in the study area varied, and the understorey condition was classified as moderate, where its diversity has a positive correlation with the crown openness.
An initial study of woody-debris decomposition to reduce risk of repeated-fire incidence in tropical peatland ecosystem
Authors: Agustini L , Hakim S S , Faulina S A , Yuwati T W , Santosa P B , Tampubolon A P
Published: November 2021

As peatland ecosystems were formed from layered partially decomposed plant biomass, they were considered more vulnerable to fire, especially during extreme drought season. Woody debris accumulation in the field may increase the risk of peatland fire. In order to minimize the chance of repeated fire, an initial study on woody debris decomposition by employing a consortium of wood-decay microbes (consists of Scedosporium apiospermum, Pycnoporus sp., Pycnoporus sanguineus, and unidentified cellulolytic bacterial isolate) was conducted. Series of experiments of in vitro-, semi-controlled-, and field- conditions were carried out. After 12-weeks of incubation, the in vitro trial showed that all treatments on mineral-soil basal media were colonized by fungal mycelia, including the control. Meanwhile, the treatments on peat soil seem less supportive for fungal growth since only six out of ten treatments have been colonized by fungal mycelia. In semi-controlled conditions, effects of microbial inoculation showed questionable results as the trials were randomly occupied by Schizophylum commune, which was not included in the microbial inoculants. Un-clear effects of the microbial inoculants were also observed on the field trial as no significant difference of dry-weight loss between the inoculated woody logs and the un-inoculated control. Further comprehensive studies to reduce woody debris in peatland areas are required.
Controlling invasive alien species Vachellia nilotica with triclopyr herbicide in Baluran National Park
Authors: Irianto R S B , Garsetiasih R , Setyawati T , Wahono N D , Susilo A , Tjitrosoedirdjo S
Published: November 2021

Vachellia nilotica (Acacia nilotica), as an invasive alien species (IAS), was introduced to Baluran National Park from the Bogor Botanical Gardens in 1969. The purpose was for firebreak to prevent jumping fires from the savanna to the teak forests plantation. However, unexpectedly V. nilotica growth was uncontrollable and invaded the 6000 ha savanna. The rapid growth of this weed has killed the grass in the savanna leading to a decline in the Banteng population in Baluran National Park from 325 in 1998 to 22 in 2011. Since the 1980s, researche on V. nilotica control has been carried out by various universities and research institutions in Indonesia but has not yet obtained an effective and efficient control method. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide with the active ingredient of triclopyr by stump brushing to control V. nilotica. Ten triclopyr herbicide concentrations with a solution of diesel and water were tested. The results showed that 1% triclopyr concentration in diesel oil could control 100% of V. nilotica weeds, while water solutions could only control 50% of V. nilotica weeds.
Sprouting and rooting ability of the plus trees of Eucalyptus pellita, E. brassiana and its hybrid in Wanagama, Indonesia
Authors: Winarni W W , Susilo G S , Nugroho A A F , Safitri F R , Irwan  , Ratnaningrum Y W N
Published: November 2021

The demand for eucalypts has greatly increased since they are raw materials for timbers, plywoods, pulp and papers, and essential oil production. This study aimed to select the plus trees and determine the sprouting and rooting ability ofE. pellita, E. brassiana, and their hybrids in Wanagama. Plus trees selection and girdling were conducted in December 2019. Cuttings were picked from the 3rd-4thnodes of sprouting at 8-10 cm in length. A completely randomized design was applied in a factorial experiment with three levels of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) (100, 1000, and 4000 ppm) and two types of media (media 1: sand, rice husk charcoal and cocopeat (2:2:1), media 2: sand, topsoil and dung-fertilizer (2:2:1)), with ten replications. Results selected a total of 53 plus trees candidates (29 ofE. pellita, 12 ofE. brassiana, and 12 of hybrid).E. pellitais the best in sprouting ability (100% survival; 41-60 shoot/trees, 127-161cm shoot length, 0.53-0.57cm shoot diameter, and 194-252 leaves/shoot). Cuttings ofE. pellitatreated with 100 ppm IBA gained the highest survival and leaves production (96%-100%; 14-16 leaves), followed byE. brassiana(52%-66.67%; 7 leaves) and the hybrid (4% to 8.33%; 3-4 leaves). These results may contribute to arranging better strategies for mass production of selected eucalypts.
Utilization of nyamplung industrial waste for compost and the response to nyamplung seedlings growth and nitrogen uptake
Authors: Hasnah T M , Windyarini E , Leksono B , Riyantika K , Purwanto B H , Adinugraha H A , Hakim L
Published: November 2021

The solid waste (dregs seed) of nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) industry from seed pressing processes could be more than 50% of the dry seed weight. Nyamplung oil industry in Bantul (Yogyakarta) has been produced nyamplung oil 4-5 ton/month that produced dregs seed around 50-60%/ton nyamplung dry seeds. The accumulated waste has been piled up and immediately important to utilize it. This study aimed to determine (i) the effect of bioactivators with ameliorant material application and the interactions among treatments on nyamplung dregs compost quality, and (ii) the growth response, seedling quality index and nitrogen uptake on nyamplung seedlings with nyamplung dregs compost application. The study was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial. Two bioactivators Prouponic Gb#1 and cattle rumen bio starter were used in the study. The bioactivators were combined by ameliorants (no ameliorant, dolomite, and rice husk ash) with 3 replicates for each treatment. Analyses of soil chemical properties were carried out on nyamplung dregs before and after the treatments applied including: pH, DHL, N Total, C/N ratio, P Total, K Total. Those characters were compared to SNI No.19-7030-2004 on compost quality standards. DHL, C/N ratio, the total N, P, and K met the criteria on SNI. Seedling growth characters (height, diameter, number of leaves) and seedling quality index varied between nyamplung dregs compost treatments and control up to 16 weeks observation. Nyamplung dregs compost application showed the highest N uptake on nyamplung seedlings compared to the controls. Nyamplung seedling quality index was highly influenced by the uptake of N nutrients in the shoots and the roots than by height character and diameter.
Ethnomedicinal properties of orchidaceae by local communities in Lake Toba region, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Aswandi A , Kholibrina C R
Published: November 2021

Orchids are plant species with beauty and medicinal purposes, but, limited exploration has been conducted on potential utilization of Orchidaceae for medicinal purposes. This study aims to describe the local wisdom in utilization of Orchidaceae in traditional medicine and to identify the phyto-chemical content in particular orchid species which utilized for herbal medicine by local communities in the Lake Toba region. The study was conducted through exploration and in-depth interviews with 24 local communities that applied orchids in their traditional medicine in Karo, Simalungun and Toba of North Sumatra during 2020 to 2021. This study also reviewed various phyto-chemical content and safety issues of orchids utilization. The study identified about 23 orchid species from 15 genera as a main therapeutic agent. Various parts or entire plant are various parts of plant including roots, leaves, stems, flowers or entire plant contain phytochemical compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antipyretic properties, and applied for various medicinal. Some of well-known orchids areAnoectochilus formosanusandCalanthe triplicata. The entire plants are applied in traditional medicine to smooth the liver, to treat rheumatism, diabetes, bronchitis, wound infection, tonic or detoxification. These activities are due to various bio-active compounds, mainly alkaloids, stilbenoids, dimeric phenanthrenes, flavonoids, triterpenoids, etc. These information have been illustrated the excellent potential of Orchidaceae for novel constituents of therapeutic and herbal medicine.
Influence of nano-activated carbon on biodegradation of bamboo paper in the soil
Authors: Hastuti N , Agustini L , Indrawan D A , Pari G
Published: November 2021

Paper made from natural fiber of ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and nano-activated carbon from sawdust had been tested as food packaging and showed its ability to maintain freshness and nutritive value of foodstuffs. However, as a packaging material, natural degradability of this alternative natural-fiber paper is required to be tested. This study aims to determine the effect of nano-activated carbon on paper’s biodegradation properties. The results showed that paper treated with nano-activated carbon degraded faster in the soil compared to paper made of bamboo fiber only (control) after 8 weeks of observation. The microorganism population density analysis showed that the paper with nano-activated carbon had a lower microorganism density than the control which accompanied by a decrease in paper weight after 12 weeks of observation. This finding demonstrates the potential utilization of nano-activated carbon as an additive to be inserted into paper to accelerate the biodegradation rate of paper in the soil. The ability of paper to be degraded naturally is very important to support environmental sustainability.
Drying and quality performance of dragon blood’s resin (Daemonorops sp.) exposed to solar and oven drying
Authors: Pasaribu G , Yuniarti K , Waluyo T K , Basri E , Efiyanti L
Published: November 2021

Dragon blood’s resin is obtained by extracting the dragon blood’s fruit with organic or non-organic solvents. Following extraction, drying process is usually carried out to dry the wet resin. The drying techniques used is assumed to affect not only the drying performance but also the quality of the dragon blood’s resin, in particular its active ingredient content (dracorhodin). The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the effect of solar and oven drying on the drying performance and quality of dragon blood’s resin. The oven temperature used was 60°C. Both drying techniques were executed until the resin dried which was indicated by color change and its easiness to rupture. The results showed that solar drying of dragon blood required shorter time (210 minutes) with higher drying rate (0.25%/minute) than the oven drying process which need 250 minutes to finish with a drying rate of 0.14%/minute. Except the ash content of solar dried resin, other post-drying quality parameters of dragon blood resin from both drying techniques have met the Indonesia standard for trading purpose (SNI 8663:2018). Further statistical analysis confirmed that the drying techniques applied significantly affected the drying rate and post-drying quality values of dragon blood’s resin.
Enhancing the properties of damar (Agathis loranthifolia Salisb.) wood by making hybrid bamboo-wood composite
Authors: Trisatya D R , Iqbal M , Sulastiningsih I M
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of laminated bamboo and damar (Agathis loranthifoliaSalisb.) wood as the core layer of the bamboo-damar hybrid composite beam. Andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea(Steud.) Widjaja) and mayan bamboo (Gigantochloa robustaKurz.) were used as the face and back layers of the beam, glued with isocyanate adhesive. Four types of composite beam were produced with various number of laminated bamboo layers. Results showed that the four layers (two layers for each face and back sides) laminated andong bamboo performed superior mechanical properties than others hybrid composite beam, while the four layers (two layers for each face and back sides) laminated mayan bamboo demonstrated the highest compression and bonding strength. The density, MOR, MOE and compression strength of the hybrid composite beam improved 31.3%, 25.95%, 37.81% and 25.12%, respectively, as the outcomes of the incorporation of laminated andong bamboo on the outer layers of the damar board. This paper proves that the number of laminated bamboo layers enhances the properties of the bamboo-damar hybrid composite beam. Furthermore, it shows promising result for complementing furniture and interior design materials as the bamboo-damar hybrid composite beam has remarkable properties.
Fossil wood diversity record from Merangin region, Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Andianto  , Damayanti R , Dewi L M , Ismanto A , Oktariani H
Published: November 2021

Merangin is a region in Jambi province, Indonesia, which well-known for its geodiversity. As part of geodiversity, fossil woods play an important role in reconstructing the ancient trees during geological history. Since the study on fossil wood origin Merangin Regency, Jambi, is still limited, this study was conducted to determine fossil wood identity through anatomical features observation and estimate the age of fossil wood samples through geological analysis. The anatomical characteristics were observed using a light microscope to identify the botanical identity of the discovered fossil wood samples. The description of anatomical features refered to the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. The result showed that all fossil woods had similarities with the modern wood from the Dipterocarpaceae family, namelyDryobalanoxylonsp. (Kamper),Hopeniumsp. (Merawan/Hopea),Shoreoxylonsp. (Meranti), andCotylelobioxylonsp. (Giam/Resak). These fossil woods were found in different estimated geological age namely Late Permian/Perem age (254-252 million years old), Late Miocene age (7.24-5.33 million years old); Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene age (3.60-2.58 million years old); and Holocene age (11,700 years old - present). Another approach by using Global Mapper 11 resulted that all the fossil woods were estimated grown in Permian age (290 - 250 million years).
The aromatherapy formulation of essential oils in reducing stress and blood pressure on human
Authors: Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A
Published: November 2021

Unhealthy lifestyles such as low physical activity, unbalanced nutrition consumption, high workloads, and low emotional management make a person vulnerable to stress. The large-scale lockdowns to reduce COVID-19 transmission also exacerbate the stress level. Regarding organic and complementary therapeutic schemes, both increased relaxation and decreased hypertension are carried out using aromatherapy that involves essential oil formulations. This study aims to identify the characteristics and effects of aromatherapy formulations, including benzoin, nutmeg, and citronella essential oils on relaxation and human blood pressure. The study began by identifying local applications of essential oils through interviews with 20 local people who apply essential oil in their remedies. The method included initial and final measurements of blood pressure in aromatherapy application for three consecutive days. To evaluate aromatherapy profiles, forty respondents were selected purposively and asked about their expression after inhalation. The results showed that application of the aromatherapy formulation reduced systolic pressure by 8.5 mmHg and diastolic pressure by 1.2 mmHg. Most of the respondents considered that the aroma of formulated essential oils has a refreshing and calming effect on their mind. These antidepressant effects are obtained from combination of benzyl cinnamate, geraniol, linalool, myristicin, p-cymene etc in formulated essential oils. This research concluded that inhalation of essential oils formulation provided a relaxing effect and reduced hypertension, significantly.
Community social capital in supporting biomass development at The Purwakarta Forest Management Unit, West Java
Authors: Surati  , Sylviani  , Djaenudin D , Septina A D
Published: November 2021

Biomass plantations are starting to become an option for developing renewable energy sources. Socio-economic problems related to management regulations, trust, and networks in the biomass energy plantations-developing process need to be resolved. This study aims to determine the capacity of community social capital in supporting the development of biomass plantations. The location of the study was at Purwakarta Forest Management Unit (FMU). Data collection was carried out by observation, household surveys using questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussion. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The results show that, in general, the community has strong social capital in building biomass plant partnerships, especially in the aspect of trust. Farmer’s trust in those who assist in the management of biomass plants is relatively high, namely Perhutani, the farmer group leader, and the community leaders. The farmers will be motivated to develop biomass crops if successful examples exist. The social norms and sanctions for farmers in the biomass plant management at Purwakarta FMU are very low, but the community is still obedient to the social norms. The networking ability of farmers is relatively low, so intensive assistance in developing biomass farming must be improved, either in technical assistance or intensive extension.
Model of conflict resolution at KHDTK Carita through participatory action research
Authors: Bangsawan I , Wibowo L R , Subarudi  , Hudiyani I , Hakim L , Kurniasari D R , Mulyadin R M
Published: November 2021

The Minister of Environment and Forestry has designated 52 units of Special Purpose Forest Areas (KHDTK) in 2015, in which the Research Development and Innovation Agency manages 35 units with an area of 37,569 ha. In fact, almost all of the KHDTK areas are inseparable from land conflicts with local communities, including in KHDTK Carita. More than 600 farmers have encroached 80% of the area by developing non-forestry crops. This study aims to provide a policy recommendation for conflict resolution in KHDTK and encourage the acceleration of implementation and achievement of national priority policy targets for social forestry. For this study, a participatory action research (PAR) approach is used to encourage social change at the local level and policies at national level. The results of the study reveal that there are two types of conflict namely management conflict involving three different institutions, and utilization conflict involving residents who live in two different villages. A combination of a local elite approach and a formal (legality) approach are needed in conflict resolution. Recognition and protection of forestry partnerships (Kulin KK) is also one of the solutions offered in conflict resolution.
The role of stakeholder to support the development of competitive commodities on peatlands: case study in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province
Authors: Salaka F J , Djaenudin D , Parlinah N , Indartik  , Suryandari E Y , Kurniawan A S , Iqbal M
Published: November 2021

In developing a food security business model, support from various related stakeholders is required. The success of this program cannot be done by a single actor but should be a collaboration among actors. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze stakeholders and their roles in developing a partnership model to support the development of competitive commodities in peatland area. This study was conducted in 2020 at the villages of Buntoi and Mantaren 1, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Data analysed are primary and secondary which are collected through in-depth interviews and online questionnaires. The data are analyzed using stakeholder analysis. The result of the study shows that several actors have the potentials to become key players in the development of superior commodities in peatland area, there are five actors at the district level (Official of Agriculture, Official of Food Crops, Official of Regional Planning and Development, Official of Trade, Cooperatives, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, and Official of Community and Village Empowerment), two actors at the provincial level (Official of Food Crops Services and Official of The Food Security, an actor at the site level (Forest Management Unit (FMU/KPH)), and one institution at the village level (the joint business group (Kelompok Usaha Bersama/KUB) or the social forestry business group (Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial/KUPS). KUB or KUPS can be the main social actor of the village to support the development of value chains for competitive products. The Village Government can form BUMDes to accommodate KUB, KUPS, or the other farmer groups in managing their business for both marketing and financing purposes. The local government plays an important role in being the leader in supporting the developments along the value chain for the products. In addition, it also requires good cooperation with other institutions such as financial institutions, industries, and universities.
The initial assessment of the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on forest resilience and forest-dependent community resilience in East Kalimantan
Authors: Wahyuni T , Wiati C B
Published: November 2021

Many groups of people living in and around forests in Kalimantan are confronted with particularly acute and simultaneous challenges during the covid-19 pandemic. These challenges include forest security, food security, nutrition, and basic livelihoods, declining incomes due to social restrictions, vulnerable land and resource rights that are critical, access to health care, lack of access to government social protection measures, and information mainly through digital mode. This paper seeks to build an understanding of the sustainability of the communities most dependent on forest resources for the vulnerable members of society’s livelihood and an understanding of the importance of secure land and forest rights to adapt and cope with livelihood difficulties in times of pandemics and other difficult circumstances. We combined social scientific methods including review of relevant published literature, participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews. This paper identified factors influencing community resilience to include population size, autonomy, community leadership, economic diversity, and infrastructure base. The covid-19 experience shows that resilient communities (e.g. with secure land and forest rights, ability to govern forests, and having incomes from forest products) were able to invest in health care, livelihoods, and employment generation activities during the pandemic. They were also able to prevent the spread of disease by using customary practices to enforce self-isolation and protective measures.
Community livelihood improvement through social forestry and agraria reform in Indonesia: a critical thought
Authors: Subarudi
Published: November 2021

The existence of a poor community, landless farmers and tenure conflict triggers the government to launch a social forestry (SF) and an agrarian reform (Land Object Agrararian Reform-TORA) program. Both programs should be evaluated periodically. The objectives of the research are to (i) explain the definition of SF and TORA and their target achievement, (ii) accelerate the target achievement of SF and TORA, (iii) analyze the community prosperity before and after SF and TORA implementation, and (iv) formulate a recommendation for the effectiveness of SF and TORA future implementation. The exploration of regulation substances uses content analysis and the explanation of the whole discussion uses the descriptive qualitative method. The research result reveals that the SF program has given management rights at the state forest. Meanwhile, the TORA program has distributed property (land) rights from the state land. Both programs have the same objectives that improve and increase the prosperity of their recipient target; however, both definitions are the difference between the old and the new definition. The good acceleration of both programs is the revision of their recipient target. The prosperity of the community should be enhanced by giving them access to capital, technology, relevant training, and the market. The effectiveness of the SF and TORA program can be acheived by implementing simple and appropriate actions for their six pilars (economical, social, ecological, professional, technical, and cultural) of target achievement.
Alternative natural capital-based livelihoods in facing peatland degradation in Rengas Merah hamlet, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Indonesia: a financial analysis approach
Authors: Ulya N A , Waluyo E A , Nurlia A , Rahmat M , Martin E
Published: November 2021

Peat swamp forests in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency have been experiencing dramatic changes caused by timber extraction and fire. These changes are now increasing ecological vulnerability and threatening the livelihoods of communities living in rural areas around these forests. This study investigated the diversity of natural capital-based livelihood strategies for sustainable livelihood in Rengas Merah hamlet, OKI Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, with a financial analysis approach. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used for data analysis. Data were collected using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. A benefit-cost analysis analyzed the choice of various livelihoods. The result showed that gelam wood harvesting and developing edible bird nests while cultivating rice paddy are feasible as a sustainable livelihood. Natural capital is still a significant asset for the community to achieve sustainable livelihood. The natural capital-based livelihood strategy by directly exploiting natural resources combined with agricultural cultivation is the primary strategy chosen by the community for livelihoods sustainability.
The views of forestry employees on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas: a case study in Central Java
Authors: Effendi R , Triyono  , Poedjowadi D , Handoyo
Published: November 2021

The environment and forestry sectors are expected to contribute to achieving food sovereignty. However, the cultivation of food crops in forest areas for commercial purposes is still limited since incommodity nomenclature, the food cropsareonly as crops. The objective of this study was to find out the views of forestry employees in Central Java on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas. Data was collected through a survey and analyzed through a descriptive quantitative method. The results showed the views of forestry employees were as follows. First, food crops need to be cultivated in forest areas on a large scale to increase forest benefits for communities and companies. Food crops such as paddy and maize were cultivated using an intercropping system during forest regeneration, shade-resistant food crops such as coffee and porang were cultivated under forest stands and fruit crops such as durian and mangosteen were cultivated in a mixture with woody trees. Second, foods obtained from the forests were recorded in statistics of environment and forestry and accounted for as contributions of environment and forestry sector. Therefore, the forests need to be managed for wood and food production to support food sovereignty.
Implications of omnibus law for forestland conflict resolution systems (a case study in Sumbawa)
Authors: Pieter L , Utomo M M B , Siagian C
Published: November 2021

There are many cases of forestland tenure in Indonesia and one of them occurre in a village on the island of Sumbawa. Currently, the Omnibus Law no.11/2020 and its derivative regulation PP no. 23/2021 came up to create a more robust business enabling environment in the forestry sector with one of the targets is to improve the economic conditions of the communities around the forests. In relation to the forestry conflict in Sumbawa, these regulations bring hope for the parties involved in the conflict in the efforts to resolve prolonged tenure conflicts. The purpose of this case study is to examine how the new forestry regulations can provide options for communities and the Forest Management Unit (FMU) in resolving forestry conflicts, assess how conflicting communities perceive the forms of cooperation of their expectation in the future, and provide options for potential partnerships to be initiated. The research methods used are historical study, survey, participant observation, semi-structured interviews with forest managers and communities, and focus group discussion that was all carried out in 2017. The findings show that according to PP. no. 23/2021 and the history of this area, this piece of land is a potential object of the social forestry program. In addition, through this action research, two farmer groups are successfully formed. This makes the legalization of social forestry one-step forward to be a reality. Moreover, all respondents agree to carry out partnership with the FMU. This study recommends that the ideal form of forestry partnership is community forestry considering the location of the conflict land is in a production forest area. The facilitations could be implemented to support; the community are the legalization of community forestry, support for the development of honey from stingless bees that has been being developed by some farmers, cashew based business development, and assistance in implementing agroforestry with a sustainable alley cropping model of wood-cashew-corn plants. Initiatives from local people and facilitation from FMU are required to succeed the implementation of Omnibus Law in the forestry sector.
Perception and adaptation of agroforestry farmers in Upper Citarum Watershed to climate change
Authors: Sumaryanto  , Nurfatriani F , Astana S , Erwidodo
Published: November 2021

Agroforestry is a form of an agricultural system that is adaptive to climate change. Based on the institutional form, the farming system developed under the social forestry program is agroforestry. This form of agroforestry is the essential capital for farmers to establish in their cultivated lands further. This study aim to determine agroforestry farmers’ perceptions in the Upper Citarum Watershed on climate change and the adaptation activities. The sample farmers are a sub-set of farmer households sample in the socio-economic survey conducted by ICASEPS – ACIAR in the collaborative research in 2019. The reliability of the data on variables that reflect farmers’ perceptions of adverse shocks experienced, which directly or indirectly related to climate changes, is tested with Cronbach’s Alpha. Data analysis is performed by cross-tabulation, while multiple regressions are used to determine the effect of social forestry cultivated areas on farmers’ income. The results show that more than 55 percent of farmers participating in social forestry say that since the last ten years climate patterns are increasingly unpredictable. The most negative impacts of climate change impacts are indirect effects which are pests and diseases. Popular adaptation are reactive ones, namely increasing the use of pesticides and more intensive use of inorganic fertilizers. Farmers adaptation which are more synergistic with mitigation such as organic farming or cultivation of perennial crops are still relatively low. The increase in the arable land area due to social forestry has significantly increased farmer’s household income. Referring to this phenomenon, conducive policies to increase farmer participation in these adaptation actions are needed.