bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Research on the Impact of Tree Greening Layout with Wind-responsive Characteristics on the Wind Environment in Residential Areas
Authors: Zhai Yumei , Li Xin , Zhao Ye , Tian Qihui , Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Guoyi , Chen Zhonggou , Zhu Junhao , Ren Xinyi
Published: August 2024

With the concept of living environment put forward, creating a comfortable, healthy and energy-saving living environment has attracted more attention. The optimization of wind environment is of positive significance for urban ecological livability and alleviating urban heat island effect. Considering the wind-induced response of trees, this paper uses computer simulation technology to explore the distribution of flow field around greening in different building spaces and layout forms, and puts forward the optimization strategy of greening layout around buildings. The research shows that different building environments will also have a certain impact on the wind environment behind trees. Roof greening is more complicated than the wind field around buildings, and the wind-induced deformation of trees is obvious, and the wind reduction rate is higher. In addition, considering the influence of wind-induced response on trees, different planting spacing has different wind reduction efficiency. The proportion of ideal wind speed area in different horizontal layout forms of trees from large to small is row, enclosure and row.
A Year-Long Investigation of the PM2.5 Dynamics in Klang Valley-Malaysia Using Variance Decomposition and Impulse Response Function Analyses
Authors: MUSTAFA ZAINOL , BELAL AMINA AHMED , MAMI AHMED , LATIF MOHD TALIB , Rusli M.N.
Published: August 2024

The current well-being of the general population is significantly affected by air pollution. Notably, particulate matter measuring 2.5 µm or less in diameter (PM2.5) is a primary concern due to its ability to infiltrate the respiratory system thoroughly. Therefore, this study investigated the temporal correlations between the 2021 PM2.5 levels in Klang Valley, Malaysia, using a vector auto-regressive model (VAR). The methodology in this study also involved examining the dynamics of the daily average PM2.5 levels within the same year by utilizing two approaches: variance decomposition and impulse response function (IRF). Consequently, the primary factor responsible for the PM2.5 level variations was the self-contribution of PM2.5, accounting for approximately 80.94% of the total variations. Other contributions produced negligible effects on PM2.5 levels over long periods, including wind speed (WS, 3.55%), humidity (Hum., 3.23%), and carbon monoxide (CO, 1.47%). A rapid decrease in PM2.5 levels was observed based on one standard deviation (SD) shock in PM2.5. Meanwhile, lower PM2.5 levels were reported due to temperature (Temp.) with Hum. disturbances, whereas the constant CO disturbances appeared throughout the observed period. In contrast, higher PM2.5 levels were correlated with NO2 disturbances. This observation was attributed to ground level O3, WS, and wind direction (WD) fluctuations, occasionally generating temporary declines lasting up to five days. Overall, the PM2.5-based air pollution in Klang Valley could be addressed in this study by emphasizing the significance of implementing specific measures. The relevance of policies prioritizing local emission sources and promoting efficient pollution management techniques should be highlighted.
A Study on Analysis Based on Linear Polarization Resistance, Anodic Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: N Karthiga @Shenbagam , V Kannan , P Raja Priya , I Jerin Leno
Published: August 2024

Effects on the induction of chloride in the reinforcements of geopolymer concrete are of greater importance in the current applications to study the prevention of corrosion in the field of marine engineering. Experiments on corrosion have been carried out in five different solutions with different concentrations and compositions from which the point of initial degradation of steel reinforcement was found out. Further on the density of corrosion that led to failure was analyzed in detail. From the tests carried out it was found that as the value of alkaline in the electrolyte increases the value of chloride threshold also increases. The effect of corrosion was found to decrease in geopolymer concrete when reinforcements have been immersed in calcium hydroxide as it improves the stability of the passive film created.
On high-dimensional Kuramoto model with symmetry-breaking terms
Authors: Liu Xinyun , Li Xueyan , Shi Yushi
Published: August 2024

M.A. Lohe first proposed the high-dimensional Kuramoto model with symmetry-breaking terms (Quantum synchronization over quantum networks, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 43:465301, 2010), which is the real form of a quantum network synchronization model. Forthe homogeneous case, by analyzing the limit set and the spectrum of the linearized model, thealmost global synchronization is derived from the topology of some kind of connecting graphs.
Optimizing focused very-high-energy electron beams for radiation therapy based on Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: An Chaofan , Zhang Wei , Dai Zeyi , Li Jia , Yang Xiong , Wang Jike , Nie Yuancun
Published: August 2024

A TOPAS-based optimization program has been developed to precisely concentrate the dose of focused very-high-energy electron (VHEE) beams on deep-seated targets. This is accomplished by optimizing the magnetic gradients, positions, and number of quadrupole magnets within TOPAS. Using only three quadrupole magnets, the program focuses 250 MeV VHEE beams to achieve a maximum dose position deeper than 17 cm, while maintaining entrance and exit doses within 25% and limiting the lateral dimensions to ≤ 1 cm at the maximum dose location. The linear relationship between the magnetic gradient of the last quadrupole magnet and the maximum dose position enables dose location adjustments through gradient variation. Multiple positions were validated in TOPAS with errors within 1%. The spread-out electron peak (SOEP) is achieved by combining two VHEE beams with different maximum dose positions using the differential evolution method, covering a target depth of 12–17 cm and attaining a dose flatness better than 99%. This pioneering program imposes constraints on entrance dose, exit dose, maximum dose position, and the lateral dimensions of dose deposition at the maximum dose position within phantom. This program may be a promising tool in the applications of focused VHEE in highly conformal treatment plans based on TOPAS.
MSC-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer Promotes Metabolic Reprogramming in Endothelial Cells and Vascular Regeneration in ARDS
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Meng Shanshan , Chen Yixuan , Wang Haofei , Hu Wenhan , Liu Shuai , Huang Lili , Xu Jingyuan , Li Qing , Wu Xiaojing , Huang Wei , Huang Yingzi
Published: August 2024

Background
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) involves extensive pulmonary vascular endothelial injury. Mitochondrial damage plays a critical role in this endothelial injury. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored as a cellular therapy for ARDS, their role in repairing mitochondrial damage in endothelial cells remains unclear. This study investigates the potential of MSCs to repair mitochondrial damage in ARDS lung endothelial cells through mitochondrial transfer and elucidates the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
This study established ARDS mouse models and cellular models of mitochondrial damage in pulmonary endothelial cells. Initially, we observed the ability and mechanisms of MSCs to transfer mitochondria to lung endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, we investigated how this mitochondrial transfer by MSCs affects the repair of mitochondrial and endothelial damage, as well as its impact on vascular regeneration in ARDS. Finally, we elucidated the mechanisms by which MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer promotes vascular regeneration in ARDS. Various cell biology techniques, including flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and confocal microscopy, were utilized for experimental observations.
Results
MSCs used tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) to transfer mitochondria to pulmonary endothelial cells. The endothelial cells internalized these mitochondria through dynamin-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The mitochondrial transfer increased mitochondrial complex I expression, reduced ROS production and apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation in endothelial cells. The reparative effects of MSCs diminished when their mitochondrial transfer ability was inhibited. MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer activated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and citrate-dependent fatty acid synthesis in endothelial cells, leading to the release of pro-angiogenic factors and promoting vascular regeneration. Inhibiting TCA or fatty acid synthesis in endothelial cells significantly reduced MSC-promoted vascular regeneration.
Conclusion
MSCs transfer mitochondria to ARDS lung endothelial cells, activating the TCA cycle and fatty acid synthesis, which promotes endothelial cell proliferation and the release of pro-angiogenic factors, thereby enhancing vascular regeneration. These findings offer a promising therapeutic approach for repairing mitochondrial damage and promoting vascular regeneration in ARDS.
Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Predicting Relative Returns of Five Major Global Stock Indices
Authors: Hu Liang , Shen Yinru
Published: August 2024

Accurately predicting stock market indices' returns is crucial for making informed financial decisions. This study introduces a hybrid approach using machine learning models to forecast the relative returns of five major global stock indices: S&P 500 (US), FTSE 100 (UK), Nikkei 225 (Japan), DAX 30 (Germany), and CAC 40 (France). By employing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Dual-Layer LSTM (DL-LSTM), and Transformer models with Multi-Head Self-Attention, we aim to capture both short-term and long-term trends for better prediction accuracy. The dataset includes stocks from these indices from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, ensuring stability by excluding stocks with frequent index changes. The results show that the DL-LSTM model significantly outperforms both traditional and other machine learning models in predicting relative returns, improving accuracy, recall, precision, and root mean square error (RMSE). This research highlights the potential of advanced machine learning techniques in financial market analysis, offering valuable insights for investors and financial analysts. The study not only enhances predictive accuracy but also adds to the growing literature on hybrid models in financial forecasting.
Endogenous peptide CBDP1 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting USP5/YTHDF2/TRPM5 axis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhu Wei , Tao Ruijie , Li Weijian , Jiang Chunming , Yan Xiang
Published: August 2024

Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a high incidence rate and poor prognosis, and currently lacks effective therapies. Recently, peptide-based drugs have shown promise in cancer treatment. In this research, a new endogenous peptide called CBDP1 was discovered in ccRCC and its potential anti-cancer properties were examined.
Methods Peptide expression in ccRCC was analyzed using peptidomics technology to screen for potential antitumor peptides. The effects of the peptide on ccRCC growth and migration were studied through Colony Formation Assay, CCK-8 assay, Transwell Assays, Wound Healing Assay, and animal experiments. Further investigation into the antitumor mechanisms of the peptide was conducted using lentivirus transduction, Western Blot Analysis, qRT-PCR, Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence, and Immunohistochemistry.
Results Our findings reveal that Cathepsin B Derived Peptide 1 (CBDP1) can inhibit the progression of ccRCC both in vitro and in vivo. Through mechanistic investigations, it was revealed that CBDP1 facilitates the interaction between YTHDF2 and the deubiquitinase USP5, thereby impeding the ubiquitination and degradation of YTHDF2. The upregulated YTHDF2 then binds to TRPM3 mRNA and promotes its degradation, ultimately reducing TRPM3 expression levels. These molecular events collectively contribute to the anti-cancer properties of CBDP1.
Conclusion These data indicate that CBDP1 exerts its antitumor effects by regulating the USP5/YTHDF2/TRPM3 axis. CBDP1 emerges as a promising candidate for the treatment of ccRCC.
Valorization of Biowastes Through Pre-composting Followed by Vermicomposting With the Addition of Effective Microorganisms
Authors: Amaral Edson José , Pereira Larissa Maria Silveira , Lorençon Eduarda , Poggere Giovana Clarice , Agustini Marcia , Edwiges Thiago
Published: August 2024

The growing production of biowaste like food waste, vegetable waste, and animal manure results from the increased global population and economic growth and the lack of effective public policies for adequate management that encourage more sustainable practices such as nutrient recycling. Although applied to only 2% of the municipal solid waste in Brazil, composting and vermicomposting are attractive, low-cost, and effective biological ways to stabilize several types of biowastes and increase the circular economy through the use of organic compost. This study aimed to optimize the composting and vermicomposting process by adding effective microorganisms (EM) and evaluate the vermicompost performance in the production of vegetable seedlings. The pre-composting windrow was operated for 23 days. It was constructed with 120 kg of organic waste (58%, 31%, 9%, and 2% food waste (FW), cattle manure (CM), grass clippings (GC), and tree brunches (TB), respectively). Six treatments were tested in the vermicomposting with different EM doses, consisting of a commercial compost (CC) and 0 (D0), 3 (D3), 4 (D4), 5 (D5), and 6 (D6) mL EM L− 1 substrate. The pre-composting windrow balanced the pH values, making them closer to neutrality. It also slightly reduced carbon and maintained nitrogen contents in the waste between 2.4 and 2.6% (dry matter). Vermicomposting with EM addition concentrated nutrients, with best TKN results close to 3.1% (dry matter) with the addition of 3 mL EM L− 1 substrate. In addition to the highest nitrogen content, treatment D3 presented higher total phosphorous and Dickson quality index (DQI) values than the control treatment, showing the potential to add EM to generate a higher maturity and agronomic relevance compost.
Pure line selection for improved yield and early maturation in heterogeneous yellow flaxseed variety
Authors: Konkol Ana Caroline Basniak , Fioreze Ana Carolina da Costa Lara , Orsi Nicole , Krassmann Karol Anne , Antunes Clarice Elisabete , Fioreze Samuel Luiz , Parizzoto Círio
Published: August 2024

Functional food markets have increased flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) demand, along with the need for competitive varieties. Flaxseed cultivated in Brazil results from natural hybridizations and mixtures of foreign genotypes. Given the unexplored genetic variability in heterogeneous Brazilian varieties, classical breeding methods like pure line selection can be effectively applied, especially when involving local producers in the breeding process. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the efficiency of participatory selection of superior yellow flaxseed lines from a heterogeneous variety through genetic gains obtained via the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). Individual plants were selected in a heterogeneous Brazilian crop in 2017, and the resulting lines were evaluated in 2018, 2019, and 2020 (across two environments). We evaluated the following traits: days to maturity (DM), number of capsules per plant (NCP), yield per area (GY), and yield per plant (GYP). Phenotypic data were used to estimate variance components via REML and genotypic values via BLUP. The efficiency of participatory plant breeding was measured by the genetic gain from selection (GS). The results reveal that the pure line selection method in a heterogeneous flaxseed variety was efficient, achieving gains of up to 5.37% for DM, 31% for NCP, 44.5% for GY, and 49.52% for GYP.
Joint Imbalance Adaptation for Radiology Report Generation
Authors: Wu Yuexin , Huang I-Chan , Huang Xiaolei
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Radiology report generation, translating radiological images into precise and clinically relevant description, may face the data imbalance challenge – medical tokens appear less frequently than regular tokens; and normal entries are significantly more than abnormal ones. However, very few studies consider the imbalance issues, not even with conjugate imbalance factors.
Methods: In this study, we propose a Joint Imbalance Adaptation (JIMA) model to promote task robustness by leveraging token and label imbalance. JIMA predicts entity distributions from images and generates reports based on these distributions and image features. We employ a hard-to-easy learning strategy that mitigates overfitting to frequent labels and tokens, thereby encouraging the model to focus more on rare labels and clinical tokens.
Results: JIMA shows notable improvements (16.75% - 50.50% on average) across evaluation metrics on IU X-ray and MIMIC-CXR datasets. Our ablation analysis proves that JIMA’s enhanced handling of infrequent tokens and abnormal labels counts the major contribution. Human evaluation and case study experiments further validate that JIMA can generate more clinically accurate reports.
Conclusion: Data imbalance (e.g., infrequent tokens and abnormal labels) leads to the underperformance of radiology report generation. Our curriculum learning strategy successfully reduce data imbalance impacts by reducing overfitting on frequent patterns and underfitting on infrequent patterns. While data imbalance remains challenging, our approach opens new directions for the generation task.
From Global to Regional-scale CMIP6-derived wind wave extremes: a HighResMIP and CORDEX downscaling experiment in South-East Australia
Authors: Lorenzo Matteo , Meucci Alberto , Liu Jin , Syktus Jozef , Thatcher Marcus , Young Ian Robert
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the influence of high-resolution CMIP6 10-meter surface wind fields on wave climate dynamics in the South-East Australian region. We nest a regional unstructured grid spectral wave climate model within a global state-of-the-art spectral wave climate model to conduct our modelling experiments. The primary objective is to compare four distinct dynamical downscaling approaches of a similar GCM product: CMIP, AMIP, HighResMIP, and a CORDEX downscaled ocean surface wind speed product corrected for SST and sea ice bias and variance. Of particular interest is the comparative performance between HighResMIP's 25km spatial resolution wind speed forcing and CORDEX's 10km resolution wind speed downscaling approach in replicating wind-wave climate extremes, as these products are currently the most appealing to downscaling wind wave climate extremes at the regional level. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of climate model wind-forcing downscaling for ensemble statistics of future regional extreme wave climate projections, which go beyond the sole impact of spatial resolution. Through detailed analysis, we describe the characteristics of each climate model's downscaled wind speed input that impacts wind wave climate extremes in a region characterized by diverse wind wave climate conditions, ranging from local wind sea to swell conditions. These insights are valuable for estimating both past and future projected coastal flooding and erosion patterns and hold relevance for coastal risk assessment studies.
MHD free convection flow of nanofluids inside a flush mounted heated square cavity containing a heat conducting triangular cylinder
Authors: Mahmuda Shaikh , Ali Mohammad Mokaddes
Published: August 2024

A numerical investigation of free convection flow and heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid contained within a square cavity with partially heated, also cooled vertical walls influenced by a magnetic field has been conducted in this study. The cavity’s top and bottom horizontal walls are conceived to be adiabatic; furthermore, a heat-conducting triangular cylinder is positioned in the cavity's middle. Solving the dimensionless governing equations is done by adopting the Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The impacts of leading parameters including Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), and solid-volume fraction of nanoparticles (0% ≤ ϕ ≤ 5%) on the velocity as well as temperature field are studied. Results are illustrated with regard to streamlines, isotherms, heat flux, and the average Nusselt number inside the cavity for the mentioned parameter. Outcomes demonstrated that affixing the nanoparticle volume fraction significantly diminishes the fluid velocity but augments the heat transfer. For the concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, it is roughly 2.17%, 6.51%, and 11.01% higher than base fluid water. In addition, the flow field is also found to be remarkably changing with a higher Rayleigh number. More discretely, the average Nusselt number enhances as the nanoparticle volume fraction and the Rayleigh number intensify, whereas with a higher Hartmann number, the opposite tendency is exhibited. For rising Rayleigh numbers, there has been a drop in heat transfer of 4.54% at Ha = 20, and of 12.56% and 23.28% at Ha = 50 and 100 in comparison to Ha = 0.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables among Egyptian patients with Opioid Use Disorder Only versus with Comorbid Gabapentin Use Disorder
Authors: Nagy Nahla , Mohsen Nesreen , Elrassas Hanan , Dardeer Nourhan , Elawady Sara
Published: August 2024

Introduction: There is increased clinical use of gabapentin, these trends appear to chronologically align with the opioid overdose crisis and particularly with the increased restrictions on opioid prescription. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the clinical variables, pain quality, and severity among patients with opioid use disorder as the main substance with and without gabapentin comorbid use. Methods: The research involved 60 patients diagnosed with substance use disorder, divided into two groups: opioid use as the main substance and opioid use with comorbid gabapentin. All Participants were assessed using various tools, including a semi-structured clinical addiction interview, the DSM-IV, the Addiction Severity Index, urine drug test, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and DN4 Questionnaire, in one interview setting Results: the study showed that pain relief was the main desirable effect in the Gabapentin group, with 66.2% of the group experiencing it. Euphoria was the desirable effect in the opioid group, while overdose was more common in the Gabapentin group. Respiratory complications were also more common in the Gabapentin group. Conclusion: The study concluded that patients with comorbid Gabapentin use disorder had higher incidences of overdose, history of pain, and significant neuropathic pain, while less abstinence.
Post flood image classification from satellite images using convolutional neural network
Authors: Kulkarni Sanket S , Mahapatra Ansuman
Published: August 2024

Floods are the most common natural disaster when excess water submerges the dry ground. Floods affect human lives, livestock, etc. Many people usually are stuck in flood-prone areas. To help the rescue team decide the prioritized rescue locations, this article classifies the flooded houses captured by satellite as completely or partially surrounded by flood water. This will help the rescue team decide on houses needing urgent attention. Therefore, this article uses various pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, such as Visual Graphics Group (VGG16), Residual Network (ResNet101v2), Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Network (DenseNet201), InceptionNetv3, etc., with optimized hyperparameters for post-flood image classification. ResNet101v2 obtained an accuracy of 86.87 %. This article also investigates many hybrid models by combining two pre-trained models in parallel. Among them, the hybrid CNN model using MobileNetv2 and DenseNet201 achieved an accuracy of 85.83 %.
Phenotypic variation among IR64 x TOG5681 rice (Oryza sativa x O. glaberrima) chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) in response to iron toxicity, and its associated QTLs
Authors: Dramé Khady Nani , Sikirou Mouritala , Saito Kazuki , Bocco Roland , Lorieux Mathias
Published: August 2024

Iron (Fe) toxicity presents a significant challenge to rice production in lowland ecosystems globally. The identification of genetic factors responsible for Fe toxicity tolerance is crucial for the development of tolerant rice varieties. This study aimed to unravel the genetic bases of Fe toxicity tolerance using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. We conducted phenotypic evaluations for Fe toxicity tolerance on 54 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) obtained from a cross between the moderately susceptible IR64 (O. sativa) and the tolerant donor TOG5681 (O. glaberrima) under Fe toxicity stress. QTL analysis was performed using agro-morphological traits and microsatellite genotypic data. High heritability estimates were observed for key traits such as leaf bronzing score (LBS) and grain yield. Several loci associated with agronomic traits, including plant height (qPH2.1), panicle number (qPN4.1), grain weight (qGW4.1), harvest index (qHI4.1), maturity (qMat6.1) and shoot weight (qSW6.1 and qSW11.1), were identified. Additionally, a major QTL (qLBS11.1) linked to leaf bronzing (LBS) was identified, housing the OsbHLHq11 gene involved in iron homeostasis regulation. A comparative analysis revealed colocation with previously reported QTLs, validating their significance. OsbHLHq11 was found to be conserved across diverse rice germplasm, including lowland NERICA (NEw RICe for Africa) varieties, which were developed through crossing O. sativaand O. glaberrima. The discovery of qLBS11.1 and the candidate gene OsbHLHq11 offers insights into the genetic mechanisms governing Fe toxicity tolerance, highlighting potential targets for breeding tolerant rice varieties using marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering strategies.
Application of the Knotting After Half-Side Threaded Anastomosis Method in free anterolateral thigh flap repair
Authors: Zhang Liyu , Yang Zongcheng , Peng Hui , Yan Guangxing , Wang Yi , Zhu Weizheng , Xiang Xianwang , Li Shutong , Yao Xinfeng , Liu Nianping , Sha Qing , Yu Qiaoni , Hu Yinlei , Chen Chuanjun , Zhou Yu
Published: August 2024

Backgrounds:
The prognosis of free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap repair is critically tied to the quality of vascular anastomosis. In this study, we introduced Knotting After Half-Side Threaded Anastomosis Method (KAHTAM) and conducted a comparative analysis to assess its performance in relation to the conventional Half-Side Interrupted Anastomosis Method (HIAM).
Methods
149 cases of ALT flap repair were included and our analysis encompassed the evaluation and comparison of variations in patients' general information, the state of the vascular lumen at the final stitch, outcomes of flap repair, complications, along with the surgical data of vascular anastomosis, and the clinical data of the surgery between two groups.
Results
Compared to the HIAM group, the KAHTAM group exhibited a larger and more distinct vascular lumen, leading to a higher success rate and fewer postoperative complications. The KAHTAM group also showed a superior immediate patency rate after the first anastomosis and a lower rate of supplementary sutures for blood leakage during arterial anastomosis. Additionally, the time for vascular anastomosis was shorter in the KAHTAM group.
Conclusions
The utilization of KAHTAM has showcased its potential in enhancing the overall quality of vascular anastomosis and improving the success rate and efficiency of free ALT flap repair.
Adsorption of Dyes Using From Blue Crab Shells
Authors: Özüdoğru Yeliz , Gönülaçar Selin , Yüz Esmanur
Published: August 2024

The aim of this work was to evaluate the adsorption capacities of the acidic dye Congo red (CR) and the basic dye malachite green (MG), which are hazardous to the environment and human health in aquatic environments, using chitosan obtained from blue crab shells, considered as waste. By first extracting chitin and then chitosan from blue crabs, the maximum adsorption capacities of these dyes in aquatic solutions were investigated. Parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of MG/ CR, and temperature were analyzed. Characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR findings showed that hydrogen bonds and C = O and N-H bending contributed to the adsorption of MG / CR. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and kinetic models were applied. The highest maximum adsorption capacities were 68 mgg-1 for CR at 250C and 140 mgg-1 for MG at 450C. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic for MG and exothermic for CR, respectively. These results show that MG dye has a higher adsorption capacity compared to CR using chitosan derived from blue crab shells.
Different HPV Genotypes Related to Heck's Disease in an Indigenous Population of Roraima: a cross- sectional study
Authors: Pallos Debora , Boaventura Richardson Mondego , Kussaba Sergio Takashi , Roman-Torres Caio Vinicius G , Cabral Amanda Passatore , Kim Yeon Jung , Zerbinati Rodrigo Merlin , Bachi Andre Luis Lacerda , Braz-Silva Paulo Henrique
Published: August 2024

Introduction
: Heck's disease (HD) is a virus-induced proliferation, normally benign and rare disease affecting the oral mucosa of children and young adults from different regions of the world and ethnic groups.
Objective
determine the prevalence of HD and the detection of 30 different genotypes of HPV in the oral cavity of an indigenous population.
Materials and Methods
81 saliva samples were collected from indigenous people of the Yanomami ethnic group, including their family members, with a clinically history of HD. DNA was extracted and a commercial assay, which includes 28 types of human papillomavirus (HPV), was used for analysis, and RT-PCR to identify HPV-13 and HPV-32.
Results
from 81 saliva samples analysed, 33 (40.7%) clinically had HD. In the initial HPV genotyping analysis, 39 (48.2%) were positive for at least one genotype. All individuals who clinically had the lesion were positive for HPV-13 or HPV-32. The majority of the 13 families (46.2%) were positive for HPV-13, whereas HPV-32 was found in 38.5%, and only 15.4% had both genotypes. Of the other genotypes of HPV, only 10 individuals were positive, eight were positive for high-risk HPV group (HPV-16, 18, 58, 59, 69 and 82) and two were positive for low-risk HPV-40, 43.
Conclusion
Our study confirms the presence of HPV-13 and HPV-32, which are associated with Heck's disease. Additionally, there seems to be a familial segregation of these viruses.
Clinical Relevance:
Understanding the nature of this type of lesion and its characterization within families can inform preventive measures through public health policies.
Discovery and Optimization of 4-(Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)thiazol-2-amine Derivatives as Novel Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors
Authors: Wu Zongmin , Zhang Furong , Chen Zhexin , Wang Xue , Liu Xingfu , Yang Guofeng , Wang Sen , Huang Shuheng , Luo Hai-Bin , Huang Yi-You , Wu Deyan
Published: August 2024

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important intracellular enzymes that hydrolyze the second messengers cAMP and/or cGMP. Now several studies have shown that PDE4 received particular attention due to it represents the most prominent cAMP-metabolising enzyme involved in many diseases. In this study, the hit compound (PTC-209) with moderate PDE4 inhibitory activity (IC50 of 4.8±0.2 μM) was discovered by screening of our internal compound library. And a series of 4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)thiazol-2-amine derivatives as novel PDE4 inhibitors starting from PTC-209 were successfully designed and synthesized using a structure-based discovery strategy. L19, the most potent inhibitor, exhibited good inhibitory activity (IC50 of 0.51±0.02 μM) and remarkable metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes. The results emphasized the successful application of screening and discovery of new scaffolds that can be helpful for optimization of novel PDE4 inhibitors.
Effect and improvement of dilute acid prehydrolysate inhibitors on the enzymatic hydrolysis and the yeast fermentation
Authors: Tan Xin , Wen Li , Li Yanbin , Zhang Qin , Tang Song , Sheng Yequan , Lai Chenhuan
Published: August 2024

The effects of dilute acid prehydrolysate from poplar were investigated and compared in the enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) in this study. The improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with resin adsorption and surfactant addition has also been represented. A total of 16 phenolic alcohols, aldehydes, acids and 3 furan derivatives in the prehydrolysates were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The degree of inhibition from the phenolic compounds (26.55%) in prehydrolysate on the enzymatic hydrolysis was much higher than carbohydrates-derived inhibitors (0.52%-4.64%). Around 40% degree of inhibition was eliminated in Avicel enzymatic hydrolysis when 75% of prehydrolysates phenolic compounds were removed by resin adsorption. This showed distinguishing inhibition degrees of various prehydrolysate phenolic compounds. Inhibition of prehydrolysate on enzymatic hydrolysis was more dosage-dependent while their suppression on the fermentation showed a more complicated mode: fermentation could be terminated by the untreated prehydrolysate, while a small number of prehydrolysate inhibitors even improved the glucose consumption and ethanol production in the fermentation. Correlated with this distinct inhibition modes of prehydrolysate, the improvement of Tween 80 addition in SSF was around 7.10% for the final ethanol yield when the glucose accumulation was promoted by 76.6%.
The impact of emergency medicine pharmacists on medication safety for critically ill patients in the resuscitation area of an emergency department: a pilot study
Authors: Currey Elizabeth Mary , Falconer Nazanin , Isoardi Katherine , Barras Michael
Published: August 2024

Background
Few studies of pharmacists’ impact on emergency department resuscitation care have been powered for key outcomes such as medication error and time to administration.
Aim
To conduct a pilot study to inform the design of a large interventional cohort study to determine if the presence of a pharmacist in an ED resuscitation setting reduces medication errors.
Methods
A pilot prospective controlled interventional cohort study of patients treated in the emergency department resuscitation area. The incidence of medication errors that occurred when a pharmacist was present (intervention) or absent (control) was collected. The pharmacist’s clinical activities were recorded and a review of study design and methods conducted to determine the feasibility of the study design. A sample size calculation was performed to power a larger study.
Results
A total of 62 patients were included, of which the pharmacist was present during resuscitation events for 38 (61%). The pharmacist provided clinical activities such as medication advice and double check, pre-emptive medication supply, medication error detection and timely interception, medication history and review. There were one prospectively and six retrospectively identified medication errors (25%) in the control arm and none in the intervention arm. Six errors were intercepted by the pharmacist. The sample size for the larger study was calculated at 40 patients in each arm.
Conclusions
A pharmacist’s presence during resuscitation events provides expert medication advice and facilitates the safe administration of medications. A larger study of 80 patients is necessary to confirm a significant reduction in medication errors.
Influencing factors of COVID-19 antigen conversion time in a Chinese university students: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Liu Wen-Jin , Jin You , Wu Yong-Yan , Xiao Zhen-Ni , Xu Yan , Du Zhao-Hong , Xiao Jian-Mei , Yan Zhi-Peng
Published: August 2024

Background
SARS-CoV-2 can cause repeated infections. China also experienced a peak of COVID-19 after the Chinese government changed its COVID-19 policy in December 2022. However, little is known about the factors, such as history of previous infection and vaccine dose, whether affect the time antigen test result to turn negative for SARS-CoV-2. Boarding colleges and universities are prone to outbreaks and repeated infections caused by COVID-19. Therefore, we investigated the factors influencing the time of COVID-19 antigen conversion at one university from April to June 2023.
Methods
This study included college students from one university in Guangzhou who were positive for the COVID-19 antigen, and collected information such as sex, previous COVID-19 infection history, vaccination dose, symptom onset date, and antigen negative conversion date for retrospective analysis. Chi-square tests or t-tests were used to compare differences between groups.
Results
A total of 255 college students were included. The average antigen conversion time of patients with first infection was 6.12 ± 1.83 days, and that of patients with second infection was 4.70 ± 1.43 days. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The average antigen conversion time was 6.21 ± 1.92 days in patients with more than 3 symptoms except fever, which was significantly greater than that in patients with 0–1 (5.54 ± 1.79 days)or 2–3 symptoms(5.45 ± 1.78 days)(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in antigen conversion time according to sex, health observation location or vaccination dose (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
In college students, a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the number of symptoms are the influencing factors of the antigen negativity.
Enhanced Techniques for Pedestrian Localization and Movement Prediction with Single-View Angle Analysis
Authors: Gao Lin , Li Handong , Li Yanyun , Liu Fan
Published: August 2024

Based on a single-view scenario, our approach employs a unified Transformer framework featuring an enhanced multi-scale sparse attention mechanism to simultaneously perform three tasks: multi-pedestrian 3D pose estimation, tracking, and prediction. Initially, video data is processed to extract information, followed by training a video transformer to encode spatio-temporal features from multiple frames. This transformer decodes significant pose features from multi-person pose queries. These pose queries are then used for regression to predict multi-person pose trajectories and future movements in a single shot. To mitigate the challenges of occlusion and the complexity of pedestrian motion, we utilize a backbone network to extract features and implement an improved multi-scale spatio-temporal attention mechanism. This mechanism aggregates spatio-temporal information from multiple frames at various scales and captures long-term interactions. The backbone network excels at extracting detailed features from video data, while the multi-scale spatio-temporal attention mechanism, with its compact parameters, ensures a balance between efficiency and accuracy. Consequently, the integration of these components enhances prediction accuracy without excessively increasing model parameters.
Radial Angular Polarization Multiplexing and Wavefront Correction in Partially Coherent Vortex Optical Communication
Authors: YANG SHANGJUN , YANG JING , LIANG JINGYUAN , KE XIZHENG
Published: August 2024

The development of new optical field regulation is a key trend in free-space optical communication to expand channel capacity and mitigate the negative effects of atmospheric turbulence. A coherent detection model for a partially coherent vector vortex beam with 4-channel multiplexing under atmospheric turbulence transmission is constructed, and multiplexing transmission and wavefront correction of radially polarized partially coherent vortex signal light and angularly polarized partially coherent beacon light are performed. The impact of polarization crosstalk on wavefront correction performance and the correction effect on communication performance improvement are analysed. The results indicate that radial angular polarization multiplexing transmission can realize wavefront correction with a smaller relative power disturbance than the other distribution polarizations. A partially coherent vortex beam can suppress the fluctuation in the mixing efficiency with a certain degree of coherence. These results provide insights for subsequent research on fibre coupling and the application of partially coherent vortex beams in the field of free-space optical communication.
Demographic and Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity among Iranian Older Adults
Authors: Mardany Zahra , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Dastgerdi Zohrah Fathian
Published: August 2024

Background Exercise is consistently related to physical and psychological health benefits in older adults. The present study aimed to investigate the cognitive determinants of physical activity (PA) based on social cognitive theory (SCT) in older adults in Iran.Methods A cross-sectional survey among 550 older adults was conducted on more than 60-year-old adults, selected randomly from health centers in Isfahan City. Data collection was done using demographic and cognitive (SCT) questionnaires, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PASE). For data analysis, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression were used with SPSS.23 software.Results The prevalence of physical activity among older adults was low (7.09%). Although the results revealed a significant correlation between self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, outcome values, social support, and physical activity (p < 0.001), the linear regression test showed self-efficacy as the only significant explanatory among the cognitive variables in older adults (β = 0.14, p < 0.01).Conclusion These results suggest that self-efficacy is the most important factor affecting PA behavior among SCT constructs in older adults. Healthcare professionals should try more to increase older adults’ perception of their abilities to do PA instead of just training them to do PA.
Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Activity of Grona triflora Medicinal Plant Phytochemical Analysis of Thermal Knitted Fabric
Authors: Saniya A , Divya R , Sharmila M
Published: August 2024

This study explores the medicinal properties of Grona triflora, focusing specifically on its anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities. The anti-diabetic potential was evaluated using alpha-amylase and alpha-glycosidase enzyme inhibition assays with methanol, ethanol, and distilled water extracts. The results indicated that [mention which solvent] extract exhibited the most promising anti-diabetic activity and was selected for further antimicrobial assessment. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against bacteria and fungi E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus aureus, and Enterococcus using the well-diffusion method. Following this, the extracts were infused into fabric, treated with citric acid as a crosslinking agent, and analyzed for surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical compositions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of Grona triflora's medicinal potential and pave the way for its further exploration in pharmaceutical and textile applications.
Resistance to high-fat diet-induced weight gain in transgenic mice overexpressing human wild-type α-synuclein: A model for metabolic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Biju K.C. , Hernandez Enrique , Stallings Alison , Felix-Ortiz Ada , Hebbale Skanda , Norton Luke , Mader Michael , Clark Robert
Published: August 2024

Unintentional weight loss, primarily due to the loss of fat mass rather than muscle mass, is common among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is associated with poor quality of life and accelerated disease progression. Since transgenic mice overexpressing human wild-type α-synuclein (α-Syn mice) are modestly leaner than control mice, and since diabetes, a metabolic disorder, is a major risk factor for PD, we reasoned that high-fat diet-induced diabetes/metabolic dysregulation in α-Syn mice may serve as a robust tool for exploring how early α-synuclein pathology contributes to metabolic dysregulation, leading to weight loss in PD. Thus, α-Syn and age-matched controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) chow (60% fat calories) ad libitum for four months. Compared with controls on HFD (control-HFD), α-Syn mice on HFD (α-Syn-HFD) were dramatically leaner. The resistance to gaining weight in α-Syn-HFD mice was accompanied by improved glucose tolerance, a dramatic decrease in fat mass, and an increase in energy expenditure. Despite this leaner phenotype and better glucose tolerance, the mortality was much higher in male α-Syn-HFD mice than in all controls, but was unaffected in females, suggesting protective effects of female sex hormones, as well as lower α-synuclein levels. Immunoblot analysis of insulin signaling in the olfactory bulb, the proposed initial seeding site of α-synuclein pathology, revealed a decrease of IGF-IRβ, p GSK, and p mTOR in α-Syn-HFD mice. Since GSK-3β and mTOR regulate synaptic plasticity, we assessed levels of PSD-95 and synaptophysin in the olfactory bulb. As anticipated, we observed a significant decrease in the levels of PSD-95, along with a potentially compensatory increase in synaptophysin levels. Our results show that α-Syn mice, when challenged with diet-induced diabetes/metabolic dysregulation, clearly reveal a profile of robust metabolic dysfunction, thus providing a sensitive tool for assessing the underlying mechanism of metabolic dysfunction and its impact on weight loss and disease progression in PD. We propose a role for olfactory dysfunction in PD-related unintentional weight loss and suggest that strategies aimed at increasing body weight/BMI will improve the quality of life and prognosis for people living with PD.
The impact of diclofenac suppositories on postcesarean section pain: a systematic literature review
Authors: Antwi Sara Agyemang , Antwi Prince Kwabena Agyemang , Adarkwa Samuel Akwasi , Mensah Kwesi Boadu , Woode Eric
Published: August 2024

Background Managing postoperative pain after cesarean section is imperative, as acute postoperative pain is considered a risk factor for chronic postoperative pain. We investigated the role of diclofenac suppositories in postoperative pain management after cesarean section. Methods For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and two other clinical trial registers from database inception up to July 23 to July 26, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials and other studies in which diclofenac suppositories were administered as an intentional intervention. We excluded studies not reported in English and without a focus on the principal medicine (diclofenac suppository). Two researchers independently selected studies and evaluated the risk of bias with RoB-2 according to PRISMA-2020 guidelines. Primary outcomes included pain severity or intensity measured with validated clinical scales. We synthesized the studies narratively. Findings: From 203 records, we selected 20 studies. Discrepancies in the study design or its reporting were observed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was the frequently used pain assessment tool. Diclofenac suppositories were compared under three broad categories: placebo, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids and opioid-like medicines. The combination of pain medicines (multimodal analgesia) was central to most of the studies; however, heterogeneity and risk of bias undermine the reliability of these findings. Interpretation: Combination of diclofenac suppositories with other NSAIDs reduces the need of rescue pain medicines, which are usually opioids such as morphine, meperidine or pentazocine.