bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific detection of bacterial species in the gut of domestic animals with in situ hybridization and epifluorescent microscopy
Authors: TEPŠIČ Katarina , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd
Published: July 2024

Bacterial cells belonging to the species Prevotella bryantii were specifically detected in rumen samples from a black and white Frisian cow using a narrowly specific rRNA probe PBB14 and in situ hybridization combined with epifluorescent microscopy. Bacterial cells from the phylogenetic group cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides were also specifically detected with the broad rRNA probe PREBAC. Both probes, labelled with tertramethylrodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) proved to be highly specific and give strong and clear signal without any or very little of nonspecific fluorescence. The positively identified cells were 2–3 times smaller, when compared to the cells of the laboratory strain P. bryantii B14, but they do exhibit a similar intensity of the signal.
A rapid nucleic acid solution concentration technique using N2 flushing
Authors: PETERKA Matjaž , GASPARIČ Aleš , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd
Published: July 2024

A rapid, inexpensive and efficient nucleic acid solution concentration method is described. The volume of the solution was reduced and the concentration of the nucleic acids in the solution increased by flushing the solution with nitrogen gas at the flow of 2-3 l/minute. The method was compared with the commonly used precipitation technique and a similar efficiency was established for both methods, the flushing technique being however faster. The quality of the nucleic acids did not change during the concentration procedure which was proved by successful endonuclease restriction of the material and PCR amplification of specific genes from it. Using these technique the volume of a DNA solution can be reduced from 300 m l to 100 m l in 35 minutes without any substantial DNA losses.
Uvajanje knjigovodstva po sistemu FADN na kmetijah v Slovenij
Authors: KAVČIČ Stane , PAJNTAR Neva
Published: July 2024

Agricultural policy circumstances for introduction of farm accountancy data network system in European Union (EU) and in Slovenia are described. Income aspects of agricultural policy are emphasised, requesting for information concerning farm (family) income. Development and brief explanation of FADN methodology applied in EU and Slovenia are presented. Although methodology applied in Slovenia is similar to those in EU, results for 1994 to 1996 show initial problems of establishing new information system. They are inconsistent and far from being representative for the whole field of observation. At the moment they are not comparable with EU indicators. Necessity for farm structure survey and completion of FADN are emphasised, with development of additional calculations for farmers’ decision making. Problems of conceptual failure of current FADN to serve policy needs are also mentioned.
Morfološka in kemična sestava dveh koruznih hibridov in njun vpliv na kakovost silaže
Authors: VERBIČ Jože , BABNIK Drago , GREGORČIČ Ana , KMETIČ Matej
Published: July 2024

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of grain, non grain parts, forage maize and corresponding silages of two hybrids, one dent and one flint, were determined. Hybrids differed significantly in the proportions of leaves + husks, cobs and grain. Hybrids affected significantly the concentration of crude protein and ash in grain and non grain fraction. Grain of both hybrids differed also in the concentration of crude fat. Forage maize samples differed significantly in the concentration of neutral detergent insoluble N and crude fat. Silage which was made from dent type hybrid had lower concentration of hemicelluloses, higher concentration of crude fat and starch and it had higher concentration of estimated net energy for lactation. The type of hybrid did not affect either the fermentation pattern in the silo or the aerobic stability of the silage. It was noted that the concentration of hemicelluloses and cellulose during the ensiling process declined for about 15 % while the concentration of starch remained similar as in the parental material.
Determination of fatty acid composition of winter consumer and UHT milk samples in Slovenia
Authors: STIBILJ Vekoslava , KOMAN RAJŠP Mojca
Published: July 2024

The aim of our work was to determine fatty acid composition of winter consumer - pasteurised and UHT - ultra high temperature heated milk samples from five different Slovene geographical regions (five different Slovene dairies). All milk samples (homogenised, pasteurised or sterilised, 3.2 % milk fat) were collected locally from February to March 1997. Lipid extraction preceeding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-s) preparation for gas chromatography is time consuming and cumbersome. We omitted the lipid extraction and performed in situ transesterification (ISTE) by heating lipid - containing milk at 90o C for 10 min after adding 0.5 N NaOH in methanol for methanolysis and continued heating another 10 min for further methylation after adding 12 % BF3 in methanol. For milk, FAME-s prepared by ISTE showed fatty acid compositon virtually identical to FAME-s prepared after lipid extraction. Due to simplicity, speed and reduced organic solvent usage, we used ISTE method for determination milk fatty acid composition. To the best of our knowledge, we did not find any literature data about fatty acid composition of Slovene cow milk so we compared our results with literature data of milk fatty acid composition from other countries and found good accordance.
Glavne poti razkroja beljakovin v skeletnem mišičju
Authors: ČERVEK Matjaž , ATTAIX D. , STEKAR Jasna M.A.
Published: July 2024

Skeletal muscle contains multiple proteolytic systems that are presumably responsible for the breakdown of specific proteins. Three major proteolitic pathways operate in skeletal muscle, although such a simple division is too simplified. The best known proteolytic system is the lysosomal pathway. Lysosomes are particularly abundant in liver, and they are not involved in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins. The Ca2+-dependent proteolytic process does not contribute significantly to overall proteolysis in muscles from control and catabolic animals. In fact, there is now growing evidence that calpains do not play a major role in general turnover of intracellular protein, but are involved in limited proteolysis of some specific target proteins. Fagan et al. (1987) demonstrated that skeletal muscle also contains a soluble ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system.There is more and more evidence that ATP-ubiqutin-dependent proteolitic system has a key role in muscle protein breakdown.
Propagation of Prunus pumila L. rootstock with wood cuttings with use of IBA
Authors: HOČEVAR Irena , ŠTAMPAR Franci , HUDINA Metka
Published: July 2024

The influence of different IBA concentrations on rooting level and rooting quality of wood cuttings on dwarfing rootstock Prunus pumila L. for peaches was investigated in 1996 and 1997. Number of roots, average root length, depth, minimal and maximal diameter of root knot and rooting level were evaluated. Rooting level of basal cuttings was 94.8%, of median cuttings 70.9% and of apical cuttings 49.1%. All of them formed a well developed root system to the 37 cm of soil depth. In average, they developed from 5.2 to 7.0 roots per cutting. Roots were 18.8 to 22.7 cm long. Average values for root knot diameter were between 11.0 and 38.6 cm. All rooted cuttings, except some apical ones, were suitable for the August T-budding four months after planting. The IBA concentration had no influence on rooting success of cuttings. 30 cm long basal and median cuttings are the most suitable ones for propagation of Prunus pumila L.
Composite samples in environmental studies
Authors: KOŠMELJ Katarina
Published: July 2024

In ecological studies, bulk material such as soil, water, plant material etc. is commonly investigated. An important feature of bulk sampling is the possibility of physical mixing of initial increments of material into a composite sample. In ecological studies, chemical analysis cost far outweighs all other expenses. Compositing samples into composite samples reduces the number of laboratory samples for chemical analysis and thus diminishes the total cost.
Due to economic constraints some researchers acquire only one composite sample in the study. In this case an estimate of the mean can be obtained, however no estimate of sample precision is possible. Hence, this approach is not recommendable for long-term ecological studies as statistical tests are not applicable.
In this paper we present the composite sample alternative of the two-stage sampling plan. When instead of the two-stage design its composite sample alternative is used, the total expenses is reduced considerably. We present the mean and the variance of the mean for the composite sample alternative. In situation commonly encountered in ecological studies the impact on compositing on the precision of the mean is small. Efficiency of the composite sample design is greater than efficiency of the corresponding two-stage design, thus we recommend the composite sample design for ecological studies.
Prediction of blossoming of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) BY phenological models
Authors: KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka , BERGANT Klemen
Published: July 2024

Paper discusses the possibilities for predicting date of blossom of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) cv. ‘Bobovec’ in Ljubljana.. The study was conducted at the University of Ljubljana, based on phenological observations made by Hydrometeorological institute of Slovenia during the period from 1967 to 1996. Four types of models are shown. Firstly, the model based on accumulated heat expressed  in degree-days (DD) is presented. Secondly, models based on linear multiple regression methods (including input parameters (a) phenological data of autochtonous plants, (b) timing of earlier phenophases of the same fruit tree and (c) environmental parameters) are compared and discussed. The date of flowering is strongly correlated with the time of earlier phenophases of various species: first leaves unfolding and beginning of flowering. The time for first leaves unfolding of birch (Betula pendula Roth) and  linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) were important for flowering of apple, so were the mean March and April air temperatures. The analysis showed that a complex relationship exists between the timing of phenophase occurrence and environmental conditions.
Content and composition of pentose in buckwheat flour (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Authors: LUTHAR Zlata
Published: July 2024

The total pentose quantity in buckwheat flour of cvs. Siva, Darja, Petra and Bednja 4n was determined using the volumetric bromide-bromate method. The Molisch test was used to determine the presence of carbohydrates in hydrolysates (72% H2SO4) and, in the same samples,  high-performance  liquid  chromatography  (HPLC) - based  on  ion-exchange chromatography and after-column reaction derivation with copper 2,2’-bicinchoninate and detected by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer - was used to determine monosaccharides glucose (hexose) and xylose (pentose). We established that the only pentose present in buckwheat flour is xylose, whose content in different analysed cultivars ranged from 5.44 to 6.51%.
Formation and study of collections of selected alternative crops
Authors: MICHALOVÁ Anna
Published: July 2024

The restoration of smaller farms, are in the Czech Republic formative conditions for the increase of acreage of several field crops which were in past years replaced by crops more suitable for the large-scale crop production. The problems of genetic resources of alternative crops have been studied at the Institute of Crop Production in Prague - Ruzyni since 1993. Non-traditional cereals (hulled wheats - spelt wheat,  einkorn wheat, emmer wheat; naked oat and barley, millet and the minor millets) and the "pseudocereals" (buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa) are collected and studied. Their high nutritional and dietetic values answer the requirements of the food industry and of the consumers.
Effects of seeding rate and time of cut on the yield and quality of sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.)
Authors: KRAMBERGER Branko , GSELMAN Anastazija
Published: July 2024

In the years 1996 and 1997 the effects of two seeding rates (25 and 55 kg ha-1) and stage of growth (harvest at stem elongation stage at the heights of 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, and harvest at early heading) on the yield of sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf., cultivar Srem) were investigated  in field experiment on brown soil near Maribor. The lowest annual dry matter (DM) yield, i. e. 3.31 t ha-1 was obtained in 1996 at seeding rate of 25 kg ha-1 and harvest of 50 cm high plants (3 cuts), whereas the highest DM yield, i. e.16.23 t ha-1 was achieved in 1997 at seeding rate of 55 kg ha-1 and harvest at early heading (2 cuts). The higher seeding rate and delayed harvest resulted in the decrease of the crude protein content in DM. 'In vitro' digestibility of organic matter was higher than 60% only at harvest of plants at 50 cm height.
Grapevine variety identification by means of ampelographic and phyllometric descriptors
Authors: TOMAŽIČ Irma , KOROŠEC-KORUZA Zora
Published: July 2024

Nine local vinifera grapevine cultivars from ampelographic collection in Brda were studied according to the O. I. V. descriptors and phyllometry. Levels of similarity, possible homonyms and synonyms in ordering the cultivars have been analyzed using cluster analysis. All cultivars can be divided into two groups. In the first group there are cultivars: 'Zelenka', 'Verduc', 'Glera' and 'Pikolit'; and in the second there are: 'Tržarka', 'Cencukna', 'Markaduška', 'Sušc' and 'Pika'. Small differences between the cultivars 'Zelenka', 'Glera' and 'Pikolit' and cultivars 'Sušc' and 'Pika' were recorded.
Resveratrol and hydroxycinnamic acids substances in wine for the prevention of coronary artery disease
Authors: VRHOVŠEK Urška
Published: July 2024

It is widely confirmed that red wines contain significantly high amounts of polyphenolic antioxidants. Therefore, a moderate, regular and appropriate wine consumption, possibly associated with meals, surely represents a primary source for these compounds. It is necessary to be cautious in making general recommendations, since advice to drink some alcoholic beverages to avoid coronary heart disease and some kinds of cancer could possibly encourage abuse.
In this paper two groups of nonflavonoids, resveratrol and hydroxycinnamates, are described in greater detail. It is worth stressing that, as for all other polyphenols, the contents of resveratrol and hydroxycinnamates vary considerably with the wine type. The absolute quantity of these two chemical classes of polyphenols depends considerably in connection on variety, area of production, agronomical techniques adopted, choice of vinification processes, vintage, age, etc. In particular, variety plays a central role in determining the amount of resveratrol and hydroxycinnamic acids. The right choice of varieties and winemaking processes can contribute to optimizing the content of resveratrol and hydroxycinnamates as well as all other natural antioxidants in wine, and it could become a further criterion - besides the traditional and consolidated ones - for orienting the production towards wines of better nutritional quality.
Effect of air temperature, pH and nutrition on growth and sporulation of Ascochyta pisi
Authors: SUSURI R. L. , HAGEDORN D. J. , RAND R. E.
Published: July 2024

Isolates of Ascochyta pisi from diseased pea (Pisum sativum) varied greatly in growth rate, sporulation, mycelial appearance, physiology and pathogenicity. Best sporulation of A. pisi occurred on V-8 juice at 24oC, whereas best mycelial growth was on Czapeck medium and corn cockle (Agrostemma githago) seed meal agar. In pure culture on PDA A. pisi grew between 16 and 28oC with optimum at 24oC. Both isolates (A and P) grew well on medium with pH 3.8 to 7.3. As carbon sources maltose, dextrin and cellobiose supported best growth of isolates. Peptone, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea, as sources of nitrogen, promoted the best growth. The maximum vegetative growth is obtained with proline and casein hydroliysate for isolate A, whereas proline, aspartic acid and leucine as amino nitrogen sources for isolate P.
Some morphological characteristics of Phragmidium spp.
Authors: SUSURI Latif R. , DODA-GASHI Nysrete
Published: July 2024

Fungi of Phragmidium spp. causes rust on wild and cultivated roses in climatic conditions of Kosova. The number of lesions on rose leaves is from 95.6 on surface up to 132.7 on lower surface, with diameter of 0.5 mm. The disease index on leaves is from 46-64% or in average 55.2%. The average size of urediniospores is 27.8 x 22.5 µm, whereas teliospores (1-8, mostly 5, 6 and 7 cells) have hyaline pedicels.
Znižanje vsebnosti ergot alkaloida ergotamina v gojišču ob prisotnosti kvasovk
Authors: RECEK Marjeta , ZAGORC Tatjana , RASPOR Peter
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the experiment was to study the influence of ergotamine on yeasts growth and the possibility of ergotamine removal from the growth medium. Cultivations of two yeast strains Pichia anomala ZIM 83 and P. anomala ZIM 419, isolated from the ergot alkaloid wastewater and strain Torulaspora pretoriensis ZIM 3 were performed in shake flasks. Cultivations in the growth medium with ergotamine tartrate indicated that ergotamine does not have an inhibitory effect on the yeasts growth. The concentration of ergotamine in the media decreased in one parallel of yeast isolates cultivation. The yeast strain Pichia anomala ZIM 419 was further cultivated in 25 l stirred bioreactor. The concentration of ergotamine in the growth medium decreased for 30 % in 30 hours. Results showed the possibility of ergotamine biodegradation and their biosorption on the yeast biomass.
Influence of fruit thinning chemicals on photosynthetic activity and vitality of apple leaves (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Authors: ŠIŠKO Metka , STOPAR Matej , ŠIRCELJ Helena , BATIČ Franc
Published: July 2024

The influence of various apple fruit thinning methods on photosynthetic activity and the content of photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid in the leaves was investigated. Thinning was implemented manually and with several chemicals (Carbaryl, Terbacyl, NAA, NAAm, BA, Ethephon). The experiment was carried out in 1995 on ‘Jonagold’ and in 1996 on ‘Jonagold’, ‘Elstar’, ‘Golden Delicious’. Cultivars of control trees, on which no thinning was implemented, were used for comparison. Except for the Carbaryl in 1995 and Terbacyl in 1995 and in 1996, which caused a decrease in photosynthesis, thinning had no influence on the content of photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid. With respect to these two vitality parameters, we can conclude that the chemicals used have no major effect on apple tree vitality.
Uporaba modelov splošne cirkulacije za izdelavo scenarijev klimatskih sprememb na območju Slovenije
Authors: BERGANT Klemen , KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with construction of climate change scenarios for an impact assessment in Slovenia on the basis of GCM validity and selection. GCMs currently provide the most advanced means of predicting the potential future climatic consequences of increasing amounts of radiatively active trace gases. Their ability to simulate current climate varies considerably from region to region. In present study seven general circulation models (CCCM, GF01, GFD3, GISS, HadCM2, UK89 and UKMO) results were analysed. The 1xCO2 outputs produced by seven GCMs were compared with observed temperature (T) and precipitation (RR) conditions in central Europe with particular attention devoted to the Slovenian territory. The GCM ability to simulate annual cycles of T and RR was examined. The CCCM and HadCM2 were selected as basis for constructing climate change scenarios, as they simulated reasonably well the observed patterns. According to both models 2 x CO2 climate assumes similar winter and summer warming (from 2,5 to 4,5 K), wetter winter (up to 40%) but dryer summer conditions (-25%). Incremental scenarios for temperature and precipitation in Slovenia will be based on the combination of changes prescribed by CCCM and HadCM2 models.
Chicory variability (Cichorium intybus L.) cv. ‘Goriški’
Authors: OSVALD Jože
Published: July 2024

Chicory as a vegetable variety has been agriculturally produced since 1500. Eight botanically different subspecies are known (Pimpini, 1994). In Slovenia, chicory has been cultivated in the Goriško Region since 1880 as an autochthonic population of ‘Goriški chicory’ with numerous varieties. An inventory of type representation and production area has been conducted. Ten sources have been collected and described in terms of type unification and morphological characteristics. Production facilities and production on farms have also been assessed, more detailed analysis was done on 218 marketable lines, grouped into 65 types with specific characteristics. Among the analysed lines, two types are of most interest for production and consumption: ‘Solkanski’ and ‘Črniški’.
The first and mass occurrence of fungus Sclerophthora macrospora (SACC.) Thirumalachar, C. G. Shaw and Narasimhan on maize in Slovenia
Authors: TRDAN Stanislav , CELAR Franci
Published: July 2024

In 1999 a pronounced infection of maize with fungus Sclerophthora macrospora occurred in some parts of Slovenia, especially in the north-eastern region. The infected plants were found only on those fields, or parts of those fields, which were flooded for some time soon after sowing or emergence of the crop. This article presents different disease causing fungi, their history and taxonomy, and deals in detail with the species Sclerophthora macrospora, the only disease causing organism under our growing conditions. The occurrence of the fungus throughout the world is presented as well as its hosts, typical symptoms of the disease on maize (“crazy top”), pathogen biology, the mode of infection, its survival under unfavorable conditions, and possible protection against the infection. The article also describes the actual situation in Slovenia, and adds a comment on possible regular occurrences of this disease in future.
Establishment of digital soil map of Slovenia in the scale 1:25,000
Authors: VRŠČAJ Borut , LOBNIK Franc
Published: July 2024

The proper management of soils as a natural and economic resource is of utmost importance. Policies that promote sustainable agriculture and ensure protection of groundwater, forest and natural ecosystems have to be based on reliable soil information. The spatial digital soil databases offer basic soil information which is essential for the determination of soil production potentials for different land uses, soil degradation hazard predictions, and preparations of protective measures.
The Centre for Soil and Environmental Science started the establishment of the digital soil map of Slovenia early in the 1990s. By the end of January 1999, all of Slovenia was included in an operative digital soil map in the scale 1:25,000 (DSM25), providing a wealth of information on Slovenian soils. In this paper, the structure and basic attributes of DSM25 are presented. We also discuss two additional soil information layers associated with DSM25: These are the GIS soil profiles and soil pollution point data.
Computer aided three-dimensional reconstruction of the buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seed morphology
Authors: KREFT Marko , KREFT Samo
Published: July 2024

The position, shape and size of the embryo in buckwheat seed were not yet resolved, although they were studied by several authors. In this study we used computer aided three-dimensional reconstruction to analyse the two-dimensional images obtained by progressively grinding the seeds. We found out, that in the proximal part, the cotyledons are double curved and they reach the testa only with their margins. In the distal part, the two cotyledons extend tightly by the testa. In some seeds the cotyledons form a spiral in a clockwise direction and in the others in anticlockwise direction. The variability of the embryo proper length is much higher than the variability of the seed length. The embryo proper length was found to be in a range of 31 - 56 % of the seed length (in average 42%).
Differences in the quality of life of women regarding their source of income – agriculture vis-a-vis non-agriculture
Authors: ČERNIČ ISTENIČ Majda
Published: July 2024

Over the last fifty years the share of population engaged in agriculture has decreased significantly in Slovenia due to intensive industrialisation and urbanisation. Today this trend is still going on and the prognosis for many farm lands are sparsely populated settlements. One of the reasons for the present depopulation of Slovenian farmers certainly lies in unwillingness of many young women to form a farm family and to make a living by farming. For better understanding of factors that divert young women from decisions to marry and to live on the farm it is necessary to know how the living conditions of farm women differ from those who make their living in other ways. In order to find out these differences the data set "Quality of Life in Slovenia - retrospective study 1974-1994" was used and the Allardt's concept of well-being that distinguishes between having (material conditions) loving (relations with the other people), being (the need for personal development) and (dis)satisfactions on different spheres of individual’s life was applied.
A simple method for rearing of thrips (Thysanoptera) in laboratory to study their bionomics
Authors: TRDAN Stanislav
Published: July 2024

A new simple method for rearing of thrips (Thysanoptera) in laboratory is presented. It was developed to study their bionomics. During its development the advantages of known rearing procedures were considered. The method gave satisactory results, it could be useful especially in the laboratories where the equipment is only average and can be very practical for the beginners in the field.
Crown gall of grapevine in Slovenia
Authors: ŠABEC-PARADIŽ Marta , ŠKERLAVAJ Vojko
Published: July 2024

42 samples of grapevine plants and propagating material were taken in 2 Slovene vine growing districts and tested for the presence of Agrobacterium sp. 31 samples had suspicious symptoms, the other 11 did not have them. The samples were analysed using 4 methods: growth of agrobacteria on 4 semiselective media, detection of T-DNA carrying oncogenes tmr, acs and vis/6b by PCR, detection of opines in tumor tissue and pathogenicity testing on tomato and Kalanchoe daigremontiana plants. 20 samples with symptoms were proved to be infected with Agrobacterium vitis by means of molecular method and 19 by detection of opines. A. vitis was also proved in 3 samples without symptoms. 19 isolates induced tumor formation on tested plants. This is the first evidence of A.vitis in Slovenia.
Policy analysis matrix as an appropriate tool in assessing the extent of governmental interventions in agriculture
Authors: TURK Jernej
Published: July 2024

The concept of Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) is used to demonstrate the extent of governmental interventions in economy and to unravel the sources of comparative advantages and divergences within it. PAM measures a degree to which observable market prices for a particular farm product differ from efficiency (social) prices. This analysis clearly shows the impact of governmental interventions in agricultural production, where private and social profitabilities are evaluated on the basis of existing private and social revenues and costs that occur inside the given farm system. The importance of applying PAM tools for the purpose of investigating numerous policy effects is especially apparent in agricultural systems undergoing transition. Various PAM coefficients derived in this study reveal a contrasting attitude of a government in treating the market of two (hypothetically taken) farm products. This has resulted in the existence of a comparative advantage for one agricultural good and in the social non-profitability for another farm commodity.
Effect of emergence depth on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Med.) competition ability against maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: LEŠNIK Mario
Published: July 2024

In four field trials arranged in a split-split plot design, the effect of emergence depth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Med.) on competition ability against maize, its response to control with pendimethalin and bromoxynil-octanoat, and the impact on maize yield were investigated. In two experiments, the reduction in the aboveground fresh weight of velvetleaf plants (AFW, kg m-2) after herbicide application was significantly higher in the case of plants emerging from 1 cm depth than in the plants emerging from 6 cm depth. Velvetleaf competition against maize significantly affected the rate of AFW reduction due to herbicide activity, since the decrease in AFW in pure stands of velvetleaf in all experiments was, on average, lower by 30 % than in stands where velvetleaf competed against maize. Despite the fact that both herbicides were less efficient in plants emerging from greater depths, in neither of four experiments a statistically significant effect on the rate of maize yield losses was established.
Net CO2 assimilation of apple leaves after the application of fruit thinning compounds
Authors: STOPAR Matej , BATIČ Franc
Published: July 2024

Mature 'Jonagold', 'Elstar' and 'Golden Delicious' apple trees on M9 rootstock were sprayed with the most frequently used apple thinning compounds in the years 1995, 1996 and 1997. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and internal CO2 concentration (ci) of apple leaves were measured a few days after carbaryl (800 ppm), terbacil (50 ppm), NAA (15 ppm), NAAm (50 ppm), BA (50 ppm) and ethephon (300 ppm) application. The strongest A suppression of leaves parallel with gs reduction and enhanced ci was observed with terbacil on all cultivars for all years. Carbaryl, NAA, and BA reduced A on 'Jonagold' and 'Golden Delicious' in 1995 while 'Elstar' trees showed A depression of leaves after NAA application in 1997. NAAm and ethephone had no influence on A, gs or ci on any cultivar.
Effect of different rootstocks on polyphenol content in cv. 'Lapins' phloem
Authors: USENIK Valentina , ŠTAMPAR Franci
Published: July 2024

The influence of various rootstocks for cherries (F 12/1, Gisela 4, Gisela 5, Gisela 195/20, Maxma 14, Pi-Ku 4/20, Edabriz, W 13, W 72 and W 158) on the polyphenol sample of cv. 'Lapins' in the phloem above the graft union was analysed. The differences in the content of polyphenols prove that the rootstocks influence the whole metabolisms of a grafted plant. Higher values of epicatechin, eriodictyol 7-glucoside, genistein, prunin, p-coumaric acid and dihydrowogonin 7-glucoside above the graft union in the heterogenetic graftings were found when compared to the homogenetic one (cv. 'Lapins'/F 12/1). Higher values of some metabolites in the phloem of heterogenetic graftings indicate that there is always a certain level of stress present.
The effects of storage in maize silage and cattle slurry on the germination of Abutilon theophrasti Med. seeds
Authors: LEŠNIK Mario
Published: July 2024

Three sets of experiments were carried out in which the time dependent changes in germination of fresh seeds and 1-year-old seeds of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Med.) stored in maize silage and in cattle slurry were studied. Seeds were stored in maize silage in 30-L plastic containers (0-16 months) and fed to cows. The mixture of digested seeds and dung was placed in plastic containers, which were immersed in the basins of cattle slurry for 8 months. The fresh seeds did not germinate after being stored in maize silage for 15 months, whereas percent germination of 1-year-old seeds after the same period was 7.4%. Storage of seeds in maize silage and passage through the cow digestive tract significantly decreased germination of fresh seeds and 1-year-old seeds stored in cattle slurry. The experiments suggest that slurry produced on Slovene dairy farms can still contain germinable seeds of A. theophrasti if stored less than 6 months.
Analiza razmer za ekološko pridelavo na kmetijah dela SV Slovenije
Authors: PAVLOVIČ Martin , ŠTEFANIĆ Ivan , ŠTEFANIĆ Edita , OSET Monika , MAJER Dušica , TURK Jernej
Published: July 2024

In June 1999, an opinion poll survey was carried out among farmers who are already keen on in producing organic food. The survey was aimed at analysing the posibilities of introducing organic farming with regard to the existing conditions for food production in the north- eastern part of Slovenia (Celje region). The survey included fifty randomly selected farms. The results shoved that the food production methods of 64% of farmers were subjected to the control in compliance with the guidelines for organic food production (European convention 2092/91 and guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the R Slovenia). 56% of all farms included in the survey are located at the altitude of above 600 m. Most farms (36%) have between 20 and 30 ha of land (arable land, forests). The questionnaire included questions related to organic farming, real estate (buildings, building lots, arable land), mechanisation, equipment and livestock. The values of farms range between 100,000 and 500,000 DM. 40% of farmers estimate that their annual income is between 10,000 and 20,000 DM. For the majority of farms (36%) the estimated annual costs also amount to 10,000- 20,000 DM. The organic food production is regarded as a basic principle and the way of life by 50% of farmers included in the survey. This work was supported by the Research Support Scheme of the Open Society Support Foundation, grant No.:108/1998.
Einfluß verschiedener Düngerarten auf Bewurzelung und Sproßwachstum der Stecklinge bei der Unterlage `Gisela`
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , SPETHMANN Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Die Stecklingsvermehrungsmethode der Prunus-Unterlagen unter Einsatz eines Hochdruck-Fog-Systems wurde hinsichtlich verschiedener Düngerarten (Hornspäne, Nitrophoska, Osmocote, Plantosan) optimiert. Der Versuch wurde mit der Kirschenunterlage 'Gisela' durchgeführt. Die besten Bewurzelungs- und Überwinterungsergebnisse wurden bei der ungedüngten Variante (Kontrolle) erzielt. Andere Parameter, wie Hauptwurzelzahl und Sproßwachstum waren bei der “Osmocote”-Variante am besten.
Einfluß verschiedener Düngerarten auf das Weiterwachstum der Stecklinge im Aufschulungsjahr bei der `Gisela`-Unterlage
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , SPETHMANN Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Es wurde der Einfluß verschiedener Düngerarten (Hornspäne, Nitrophoska, Osmocote, Plantosan) auf das Überleben und Weiterwachstum der Stecklinge im Aufschulumgsjahr (bis zur Okulation) bei der Prunus-Unterlage ‘Gisela’ untersucht. Das beste Überleben der aufgeschulten Pflanzen wurde mit den Varianten “Nitrophoska” und “Kontrolle” erreicht, das schlechteste mit der Variante “Plantosan”. Die Pflanzen der Variante “Osmocote” zeigten das stärkste vegetative Wachstum.
Analiza možnosti trženja ekoloških proizvodov na širšem celjskem območju
Authors: PAVLOVIČ Martin , ŠTEFANIĆ Ivan , ŠTEFANIĆ Edita , ADAMIČ Nives , MAJER Dušica , TURK Jernej
Published: July 2024

An opinion poll survey was carried out to analyse the possibilities of marketing organic products in the north – eastern part of Slovenia (Celje region). The survey included 250 randomly selected customers. On the basis of the results from the questionnaire about the customers’ profiles, purchasing motives and information management, an example of a marketing strategy is given. The results of the survey show that the customers are well acquainted with organic farming. In their opinion, fresh, healthy and tasteful food is the strongest motive for them to buy it. More than 50% of the customers, when buying food, require information about the origin of food and the methods of food production, and 88% of them would be willing to purchase food directly from food producers. A majority of the customers would also be prepared to pay higher prices for organic food. This work was supported by the Research Support Scheme of the Open Society Support Foundation, grant No.:108/1998.
The incidence of potato nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Woll., 1923) Behrens, 1975, in Slovenia
Authors: UREK Gregor , LAPAJNE Simon
Published: July 2024

In frame of annual sanitary field inspection and in accordance with the existing legal rules, soil samples were taken in 1999 and inspected for the presence of potato and other cyst forming nematodes. A total of 133 fields with the surface of 371 hectares were inspected. Cysts of yellow potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Woll., 1923) Behrens, 1975, were extracted from samples taken in 1.6 hectare field in the area of the village of Libeliče, the region of Koroška, near the Slovene-Austrian border. Based on this find, an additional, more accurate (net sampling) soil sampling was performed on 10 hectares of fields from which 206 soil samples were taken. Potato nematode cysts were discovered in 48 samples taken from 3 neighbouring fields. A total of 1449 cysts of potato nematode were extracted, 1309 in the first field, 139 in the second and one in the third.
Načini doživljanja različnih drevesnih vrst
Authors: KRAVANJA Nikolaja
Published: July 2024

This study examines people's response to the outdoor ornamental plant. Basic research data have been obtained from interviews. A questionnaire in the form of semantic differential was answered by 70 respondents. With these measure instrument we investigated the differences between participants experience of 12 different tree species. Semantic differential was made from 13 7-point scales. Respondents experienced all 12 tree species significantly different on all the 13 polar scales. On the basis of the respondent answers semantic profiles for each tree species were elaborated. The greatest differences between trees were perceived when trees appears artificial, unknown, regular and unusual. Regarding these properties two groups of plants were formed: trees which these properties are typical of belong into one group (Sophora japonica 'Pendula', Acer platanoides 'Globosum', Fagus sylvatica 'Atropunicea' in the spring, Catalpa bignonioides and Picea pungens 'Kosteri') and in the other group trees for which these properties have no importance ( Betula pendula, Platanus x acerifolia, Pinus halepensis, Salix sepulcralis 'Chrysocoma', Populus nigra 'Italica', Fagus sylvatica 'Atropunicea in autumn).
An analysis on food consumption of households classified by income in rural China
Authors: MEI Linhai
Published: July 2024

In the paper analyzes influences on food consumption by households classified by income in rural China. The income-food consumption relationships (Engel functions) are estimated and income (demand) elasticities for food consumption are analyzed. The results display that income elasticity for grain has been very different among various income groups; for the most prosperous group, grain goods has become into abnormal goods, but for other groups grain goods are all normal goods. Decline of income elasticities meat by year imply stable meat consumption so that meat has become necessaries. Income elasticities for luxury foods both by year and by across section has been very higher, and their very higher R2 values mean the change in consumption of luxury foods depends strongly on income change. That is, Chinese rural households will continue to expend expenditure share in luxury foods as income increases.
Transfer of uidA gene into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: ŠKOF Suzana , LUTHAR Zlata
Published: July 2024

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf disks with two Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A.t.) strains LBA4404 and EHA105 and four plasmids pCAMBIA1201, pCAMBIA1301, pCAMBIA2301 and pCAMBIA3201 was used for the introduction an uidA reporter gene and corresponding plant selection genes (hpt, npt or bar gene) into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havana 38). Our goal was to study the efficiency of transformation protocols with tobacco plant. The transformation efficiency of each combination of two Agrobacterium strains and four plasmids was evaluated by histochemical analysis of b -glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transformed tobacco plants. The highest rate (P ? 0.05) of GUS activity was observed with tobacco infected with A.t. strain LBA4404 carrying pCAMBIA1301 (33.2%) and pCAMBIA1201 (27.8%). When tobacco was infected with A.t. EHA105, there was no regeneration of transformed tobacco plants (except with pCAMBIA1301, 21.7%). The A.t. strain EHA105 was therefore observed to be less appropriate for transformation of tobacco leaf disks.
Competition for nutrients between phytopathogenic and antagonistic soil fungi
Authors: CELAR Franci , KAČ Milica
Published: July 2024

Five phytopathogenic fungi were used in the experiments, three of the Fusarium genus (F. solani, F. sambucinum, F. moniliforme) together with Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Of five agonistic fungi tested, four belong to the Trichoderma genus (T. longibrachiatum, T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii ), additionally Gliocladium roseum was included in the study. The results of the experiments show that compared to the phytopahogenic fungi, in most cases the antagonistic fungi are capable of using the nitrogen as ammonium at statistically significant higher rates during the first six days of cultivation. Further on, it has been shown, that they begin by using the nitrogen as ammonium and switch to the nitrate form of nitrogen when the former is being nearly used up. As far the nitrogen in the nitrate form is considered, the situation is reversed: in most cases the phytopathogenic fungi of the Fusarium genus perform a statistically significant quicker use of the nitrogen in the form of nitrate compared to the antagonistic fungi. The fungi R. solani and S. sclerotiorum first use nitrogen in the form of ammonium and if this one is getting short, they switch to the nitrate form of nitrogen. The fungi from the Fusarium genus use the two sources of nitrogen simultaneously. Even at the beginning, when there is plenty of nitrogen in the ammonium form available they use the nitrite form of nitrogen at the same time. Owing to the rate of using glucose from the growth medium the phytopathogenic fungi can be divided into two groups compared to the antagonistic fungi. The fungi from the Fusarium genus use the glucose at much higher rates compared to the antagonistic fungi. Fungi S. sclerotiorum in R. solani behave differently since their rates of using the glucose from the growth medium are statistically significantly lower.
The formation of assimilation apparatus in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Authors: KALINOVÁ Jana , MOUDRÝ Jan
Published: July 2024

In the years 1998 – 2000 the field experiments with two buckwheat varieties (Emka (tetraploid), Hruszowska (diploid)), were performed. We followed the development of assimilatory apparatus during the vegetation period and the influence of nitrogen fertilization (50 kg.ha-1) and variety on its forming. The basic modifying component applied to the production of assimilatory apparatus is of course the weather in a given year along with the soil conditions. Nitrogen fertilization increases leaf size, prolongs the life of leaves and thereby the persistence of maximum leaf area on plant, and supports indeterminate growth of buckwheat, which exhibits production of new branches and inflorescences. Larger leaf area in dense growth is not enough photosynthetically active and inhibits pollination of flowers. Newly created flowers compete with one another for nutrients and final number of achenes per plant declines. Higher utilization of applied fertilization was observed at the tetraploid variety.
Chestnut propagation with leafy cuttings: preliminary results
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , SOLAR Anita , ŠTAMPAR Franci
Published: July 2024

The possibility of the propagation of the two chestnut hybrids (Castanea crenata ´ Castanea sativa) Marsol and Maraval with leafy cuttings in the fog-system was studied. The shoots of five year-old in vitro propagated mother plants were used as a cutting source. The cuttings were cut in the middle of June 2000, and put into the peat/sand (3:1) mixture in the greenhouse with the fog-system. Before being put into the substrate the cuttings were treated with 0.5 % IBA and 10 % Euparen on talkum basis. The rooting process was observed during the propagation season. First roots were visible at both clones already after 3 weeks. The average rooting was between 15 % and 20 % for both clones, in some cases the rooting rate reached 50 % at Marsol after 6 weeks. The formation of callus was strong, especially for the clone Maraval.
Osnove logistične regresije (1. del)
Authors: KOŠMELJ Katarina
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the statistical test of equal proportions in two groups. The notions ‘odds’ and ‘odds ratio’ are introduced. The main emphasis of the paper is given to the logistic regression model. Only univariate logistic regression model is considered. Interpretation of the parameter estimates for different types of independent variables is presented. The theory is illustrated on several examples.
Statistična analiza prostorske in časovne razporeditve padavin v vegetacijskem obdobju v Sloveniji v obdobju 1961-2000
Authors: KASTELEC Damijana
Published: July 2024

We present the spatial and time distribution of the precipitation in the vegetation period (April-September) in Slovenia. The analysis is made on the basis of the monthly precipitation data from the period 1961-2000. Very different number of observation stations worked in particular year in mentioned period. We made spatial interpolation of precipitation in the vegetation period for each year separately. The interpolated values of precipitation was calculated into the regular grid with 1 km resolution. We used universal kriging method, which consider the dependence of precipitation on some geographical variables and also their spatial correlation. We calculated the long period means of precipitation on the basis of interpolated values for separate years and then we made the comparison of spatial distribution of means for two different periods (1961-2000 in 1961-1990). We presented also the maps of 10-th, 25-th, 75-th and 90-th centile of precipitation in vegetation period for the period 1961-2000. The time series analysis for the period 1961-2000 we made on the basis of spatial means of interpolated precipitation values for each watershed separately. There is no significant trend in precipitation amount in vegetation period in Slovenia in the period 1961-2000.
Changes in the minimum and maximum temperatures in Slovenia over the last 50 years
Authors: KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka
Published: July 2024

Long term monthly temperature data from four stations Kočevje, Ljubljana, Maribor and Rateče-Planica in Slovenia have been analysed. First trend analysis was performed on the years 1951 to 2000 annual and seasonal mean maximum and minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) and secondly on last 30 years (1971 to 2000). Increasing trends of approximately 0.9°C/50 years in the annual mean temperatures were found at all stations. During the last 50 years an increase in annual mean maximum and mean minimum temperature has occurred also. In general the minimum daily temperatures have increased at a larger rate than the maximum daily temperatures, resulting in a slight decrease in the long-term diurnal temperature range. These results are consistent with trends over much of the global landmass. But in the last 30 years at all stations the increase in mean maximum was faster than in the mean minimum, resulting in an increase in mean diurnal temperature range except for autumn months. Whether DTR is increasing or decreasing depends very much upon the choice of time series under investigation so careful interpretation of trend is essential in the case of climate change detection.