bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The island, the prison, and the colony: Sardinian carceral and colonial geographies
Authors: Asoni Ettore
Published: May 2024

Across research on incarceration and insularity, recent trajectories have challenged conventional understandings of islands and prisons as isolated, autonomous units. Instead, they have directed attention toward their capacity to establish relations, circuits and routes. Beyond the focus on mobility and exchanges, this literature criticised the association between insularity, incarceration and confinement as the outcome of specific colonial epistemologies. This article builds on these literatures to investigate the case of Sardinia, a large Mediterranean island that plays a key role in the Italian carceral regime by providing a destination for thousands of Italian convicts. Despite being an Italian and European region, Sardinia's past and present exhibit distinct colonial qualities, which are visible in the structure of its carceral estate. The case study exemplifies how islands can hardly be interpreted as isolated units, given that their histories and geographies have implications that extend far beyond their coasts. In the case of Sardinia, the island combines modern penitentiaries with dynamics reminiscent of previous periods in the history of punishment, specifically penal colonies and convict transportation. This case study illustrates the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach that is willing to question the conceptual categories adopted, particularly those of island, prison and colony.
Religious polarization and justification of belief in invisible scientific versus religious entities
Authors: Payir Ayse , Soley Gaye , Serbest Oya , Corriveau Kathleen H. , Harris Paul L.
Published: May 2024

Children and adults express greater confidence in the existence of invisible scientific as compared to invisible religious entities. To further examine this differential confidence, 5‐ to 11‐year‐old Turkish children and their parents (N = 174, 122 females) from various regions in Türkiye, a country with an ongoing tension between secularism and religion, were tested in 2021 for their belief in invisible entities. Participants expressed more confidence in the existence of scientific than religious entities. For scientific entities, children justified their belief primarily by elaborating on the properties of the entity, rather than referring to the testimonial source of their judgment. This pattern was reversed for religious entities, arguably, highlighting the role of polarization in shaping the testimony children typically hear.
Military‐Connected Adolescents' Coping Strategies and Psychological Well‐Being: The Moderating Role of Family Functioning
Authors: Farnsworth Meredith L. , O'Neal Catherine W.
Published: May 2024

Military‐connected adolescents face unique challenges associated with military life, and some coping strategies are more beneficial to their well‐being than others. It is important to understand their use of various coping strategies in connection with their psychological well‐being and if there are family circumstances in which these coping strategies are more or less effective for enhancing psychological well‐being. Two hundred sixty‐six Army families completed surveys. A path analysis examined the associations between military‐connected adolescents' use of three distinct coping strategies (i.e., engaging in activities, utilizing self‐reliance and optimism, and venting negative feelings) and their psychological well‐being (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety and life satisfaction). The moderating role of family functioning (reported by mothers) was also examined. The three coping strategies were uniquely related to indicators of the adolescents' psychological well‐being, particularly their life satisfaction. Family functioning was not a robust moderator of these associations but was directly associated with greater well‐being. Study findings emphasize the salience of various coping strategies for military‐connected adolescents. In addition to initiatives that foster healthy family functioning, implications include programming to enhance adolescents' use of coping strategies that encourage self‐reliance and optimism along with engaging in demanding activities while minimizing adolescents' reliance on venting negative feelings as a coping strategy.
Functional studies in yeast confirm the pathogenicity of a new GINS3Meier–Gorlin syndrome variant
Authors: Mehrjoo Yosra , Campeau Philippe M. , Al Abdi Lama , Aldowaish Abdullah , Abouyousef Omar , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Codina‐Solà Marta , Cueto‐González Anna M. , Wurtele Hugo
Published: May 2024

Meier–Gorlin syndrome (MGORS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, microtia, and patellar hypoplasia, and is caused by pathogenic variants of cellular factors involved in the initiation of DNA replication. We previously reported that biallelic variants in GINS3 leading to amino acid changes at position 24 (p.Asp24) cause MGORS. Here, we describe the phenotype of a new individual homozygous for the Asp24Asn variant. We also report the clinical characteristics of an individual harboring a novel homozygous GINS3 variant (Ile25Phe) and features suggestive of MGORS. Modification of the corresponding residue in yeast Psf3 (Val9Phe) compromised S phase progression compared to a humanized Psf3 Val9Ile variant. Expression of Psf3 Val9Phe in yeast also caused sensitivity to elevated temperature and the replicative stress‐inducing drug hydroxyurea, confirming partial loss of function of this variant in vivo and allowing us to upgrade the classification of this variant. Taken together, these data validate the critical importance of the GINS DNA replication complex in the molecular etiology of MGORS.
Minimal important difference in weight loss following bariatric surgery: Enhancing BODY‐Q interpretability
Authors: Dalaei Farima , Dijkhorst Phillip J. , Möller Sören , de Vries Claire E. E. , Poulsen Lotte , Voineskos Sophocles H. , Kaur Manraj N. , Thomsen Jørn Bo , van Veen Ruben N. , Juhl Claus B. , Andries Alin , Støving René K. , Cano Stefan J. , Klassen Anne F. , Pusic Andrea L. , Sørensen Jens A.
Published: May 2024

BODY‐Q is a patient‐reported outcome measure for comprehensive assessment of outcomes specific to patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The clinical utility of BODY‐Q is hampered by the lack of guidance on score interpretation. This study aimed to determine minimal important difference (MID) for assessment of BODY‐Q. Prospective BODY‐Q data from Denmark and the Netherlands pre‐ and post‐bariatric surgery were collected. Two distribution‐based methods were used to estimate MID by 0.2 standard deviations of baseline scores and the mean standardized response change of scores from baseline to 3‐years postoperatively. In total, 5476 assessments from 2253 participants were included of which 1628 (72.3%) underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, 586 (26.0%) sleeve gastrectomy, 33 (1.5%) gastric banding, and 6 (0.03%) other surgeries. The mean age was 45.1 ± 10.9 with a mean BMI of 46.6 ± 9.6. Baseline MID ranged from 1 to 4 in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and from 2 to 8 in appearance scales. The mean change of scores ranged from 4 to 5 in HRQL and from 4 to 7 in the appearance scales. The estimated MID for the change in BODY‐Q HRQL and appearance scales ranged from 3 to 8 and is recommended for use to interpret BODY‐Q scores and assess treatment effects in bariatric surgery.
Concurrent decline in teenage fertility rate and binge drinking? An observational study across 45 nations
Authors: Halkjelsvik Torleif , Skirbekk Vegard Fykse
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Alcohol consumption is associated with unintended pregnancies among teenagers. Its role as a broader determinant of teenage fertility rates remains unclear. We investigate whether adolescent binge drinking affects the number of teenage births.

Methods

Binge drinking data from 137,898 females aged 15–16 were collected in the HBSC study (2002–2018, 43 countries/regions) and 267,359 in the ESPAD study (1995–2019, 41 countries/regions). Age‐specific fertility rates were from the Human Fertility Database and the World Health Organization. We examined changes over time in countries' average levels of binge drinking among female pupils aged 15–16 and population‐level fertility rates for the same cohorts when aged 16–19 years.

Results

Controlling for differences between countries and survey waves, we found an association between binge drinking and fertility rate, B = 0.019, 95% confidence interval [0.004, 0.034]. When accounting for the countries' time trends, the association was substantially reduced, B = 0.006, 95% confidence interval [−0.0062, 0.0174]. The relationship was not moderated by abortion rates and controlling for contraceptive use had no impact on the findings.

Discussion and Conclusions

The association between adolescent binge drinking and fertility rates diminishes when accounting for country‐specific time trends. Given the lack of clear mechanisms linking binge drinking to trends in fertility rates rather than shorter‐term changes, the association likely reflects broader secular trends. Binge drinking may be involved in teen pregnancy and childbirth in individual cases but it does not explain recent developments in teenage fertility rates.
Boom and bust: the effects of masting on seed predator range dynamics and trophic cascades
Authors: Hallworth Michael T. , Sirén Alexej P. K. , DeLuca William V. , Duclos Timothy R. , McFarland Kent P. , Hill Jason M. , Rimmer Christopher C. , Morelli Toni Lyn
Published: May 2024

Aim

Spatiotemporal variation in resource availability is a strong driver of animal distributions. In the northern hardwood and boreal forests of the northeastern United States, tree mast events provide resource pulses that drive the population dynamics of small mammals, including the American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), a primary songbird nest predator. This study sought to determine whether mast availability ameliorates their abiotic limits, enabling red squirrel elevational distributions to temporarily expand and negatively impact high‐elevation songbirds.

Location

Northeastern United States.

Methods

We used two independent datasets to evaluate our hypotheses. First, we fit a dynamic occupancy model using data from camera trap surveys to evaluate red squirrel distributional responses to pulses in the tree mast. We also assessed population responses using systematic auditory surveys analysed with an open‐population binomial mixture model. Further, we used modelled red squirrel abundance in nest‐survival models to evaluate whether their abundance is correlated with the daily nest survival of three songbird species.

Results

The tree mast provided a critical resource pulse that resulted in a two‐fold increase in the annual elevational distribution of red squirrels. The elevational distribution of red squirrels ranged from a minimum of ~450 m (range: 663–1145 m asl) following two consecutive years without a masting event to a maximum of over 1000 m (range: 443–1545 m asl) after a large mast event. The daily nest survival of three songbird species tended to decline with an increase in the abundance of red squirrels.

Main Conclusions

Tree mast is a central biological phenomenon in many temperate and boreal forests. This study reveals how this resource pulse results in range changes in a small mammal that is both a seed and bird predator, as well as prey for many carnivores. Thus, understanding this phenomenon can inform the conservation and management of northern forests, including breeding songbirds.
Identifying sites with high biodiversity value using filtered species records from a biodiversity information facility
Authors: Duflot Rémi , Vähätalo Anssi V.
Published: May 2024

Aim

Efficient mitigation of the biodiversity crisis requires targeted conservation actions in locations with high species richness, the presence of endangered species and unique species communities. However, prioritising sites remains challenging because of sparse knowledge on biodiversity, limiting the possibility of communicating efficiently with local decision makers. We examine easy‐to‐replicate, yet robust, methods to identify areas with high conservation values on large spatial scales using data filtering and complementary biodiversity indicators based on species records from a biodiversity information facility.

Location

Finland, Europe.

Methods

We illustrate the protocol by focusing on Lepidoptera in Finnish municipal districts. We mobilised over 3 million species records on 878 native Lepidoptera (2001–2020) from the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility. We estimated the richness of overall and endangered species using species accumulation curves, as well as the uniqueness of species communities, using measures of local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD). After testing for multiple thresholds and their effect on indicator accuracy, 97 districts with >5000 records were included in the analyses.

Results

Estimated overall species richness was highest on the southern coast and significantly decreased in the North, following a known pattern with Lepidoptera in Finland. Species richness was not the highest in the districts with the greatest number of records and the ranking differed from the raw data, demonstrating the importance of correcting for sampling intensity. The estimated number of endangered species correlated with overall species richness, except in northernmost districts, where the proportion of endangered species was exceptionally high. High LCBD replacement (i.e. unique species communities) was concentrated in the Southwest (hemi‐boreal) and North (northern boreal) of the country.

Main Conclusions

We provided an example and interpretations of how scalable biodiversity indicators based on accumulation curves and LCBD analyses, and careful data filtering (thresholds) can be used to identify sites with conservation priorities from multi‐sourced species records.
Endoscopic hand suturing using a modified through‐the‐scope needle holder for mucosal closure after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: Prospective multicenter study (with video)
Authors: Uozumi Takeshi , Abe Seiichiro , Mizuguchi Yasuhiko , Sekiguchi Masau , Toyoshima Naoya , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Yamada Masayoshi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Sadachi Ryo , Ito Sayo , Takada Kazunori , Kishida Yoshihiro , Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi , Ono Hiroyuki , Saito Yutaka
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic hand suturing (EHS) is a novel technique for closing a mucosal defect after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We investigated the technical feasibility of colorectal EHS using a modified flexible through‐the‐scope needle holder.

Methods

This was a prospective multicenter study conducted at two referral centers between June 2022 and April 2023. This study included colorectal neoplasms 20–50 mm in size located in the sigmoid colon or rectum. A modified flexible through‐the‐scope needle holder, with an increased jaw width to facilitate needle grasping, was used for colorectal EHS. The primary end‐points were sustained closure rate on second‐look endoscopy (SLE) performed on postoperative days 3–4 and suturing time for colorectal EHS. Secondary end‐points included complete closure rate and delayed adverse events.

Results

We enrolled 20 colorectal neoplasms in 20 patients, including four patients receiving antithrombotic agents. The tumor location was as follows: lower rectum (n = 8), upper rectum (n = 2), rectosigmoid colon (n = 4), and sigmoid colon (n = 6), and the median mucosal defect size was 37 mm (range, 21–65 mm). The complete closure rate was 90% (18/20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 68.3–98.8%]), and the median suturing time was 49 min (range, 23–92 min [95% CI 35–68 min]). Sustained closure rate on SLE was 85% (17/20 [95% CI 62.1–96.8%]). No delayed adverse events were observed.

Conclusion

EHS demonstrated a high sustained closure rate. Given the long suturing time and technical difficulty, EHS should be reserved for cases with a high risk of delayed adverse events.
An international interdisciplinary approach to developing video educational materials promoting mental health literacy among adolescents in the Philippines
Authors: Ojio Yasutaka , Shiozawa Takuma , Gregorio Ernesto R. , Leynes Maria Cynthia , Hernandez Paul Michael R. , Estrada Crystal Amiel M. , Fuyama Taruto , Kobayashi Jun , Satake Naoko
Published: May 2024

Aim

Adolescent mental ill‐health is a common international challenge affecting both high‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries. The Republic of the Philippines enacted its first mental health law in 2019, underlining the importance of the promotion of adolescent mental health education in schools. In Japan, course instructions about mental ill‐health were formulated in a Course of Study that reflects governmental curriculum guidelines. Embedded since 2022, the Course of Study aimed to promote an understanding of current issues of adolescent health. The National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Japan has been sharing experience of promoting public health practices and advancing medical technology in low‐ and middle‐income countries, especially in the Western Pacific region. This paper describes the development process and content of these resources by an interdisciplinary team from Japan and the Philippines.

Methods

The interdisciplinary team created an embedded mental health education programme using animated videos for the Philippine school curriculum to improve mental health literacy in adolescents.

Results

Two six‐minute animated videos of age‐relevant stories were created. The animation scenarios illustrate: 1) mental health problems and recovery; and 2) major symptoms of mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Each animated video presents several items for discussion among students and/or teachers, both in class and online for students unable to attend school.

Conclusion

Our efforts may provide good opportunities for enhancing adolescents' mental health activities in the Philippines. In the following steps, we should investigate the effectiveness of school‐based MHL using these animated videos with rigorous evaluation methods.
A premium for positive social interest and attractive voices in the acceptability of unfair offers? An ERP study
Authors: Yuan Yan , Shang Junchen , Gao Chunhai , Sommer Werner , Li Weijun
Published: May 2024

Although the attractiveness of voices plays an important role in social interactions, it is unclear how voice attractiveness and social interest influence social decision‐making. Here, we combined the ultimatum game with recording event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) and examined the effect of attractive versus unattractive voices of the proposers, expressing positive versus negative social interest (“I like you” vs. “I don't like you”), on the acceptance of the proposal. Overall, fair offers were accepted at significantly higher rates than unfair offers, and high voice attractiveness increased acceptance rates for all proposals. In ERPs in response to the voices, their attractiveness and expressed social interests yielded early additive effects in the N1 component, followed by interactions in the subsequent P2, P3 and N400 components. More importantly, unfair offers elicited a larger Medial Frontal Negativity (MFN) than fair offers but only when the proposer's voice was unattractive or when the voice carried positive social interest. These results suggest that both voice attractiveness and social interest moderate social decision‐making and there is a similar “beauty premium” for voices as for faces.
Vegetation pattern and topography determine erosion characteristics in a semi‐arid sandstone hillslope‐gully system
Authors: Zhu Ruipeng , Yu Yang , Liu Dianjun , Wang Jingxue , Gao Zhiqiang , Liu Jing , Serrano‐Bernardo Francisco , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús
Published: May 2024

The hillslope‐gully system serves as the primary contributor to both runoff and sediment yield. The WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) model is often applied to investigate erosion characteristics at hillslope scale, demonstrating a high level of accuracy in simulating water erosion. In this study, according to in situ field monitoring (2014–2020) at a Pisha sandstone hillslope on the Loess Plateau, China, a total of 50 rainfall events’ data were used as climatic data to calibrate the soil parameters, and 11 different vegetation patterns and four slope gradients of hillslope‐gully systems were installed as inputs for the management and slope data, respectively. In systems A, B, C and D, the hillslope gradients were defined as 5°, 8°, 10° and 12° and the gully gradients as 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°, respectively. The results showed that the steeper the slope, the more severe the erosion. However, there was a critical value for the effect of slope on runoff. When the slope exceeded 8° and the gully exceeded 20°, the runoff no longer increased further and even decreased. The reduction in runoff in hillslope‐gully systems was in the following order (in mm): system D (3.4 ± 0.14) > system C (3.4 ± 0.14) > system B (3.39 ± 0.14) > system A (3.12 ± 0.13). Increasing vegetation cover could reduce erosion. Differences in runoff between vegetation patterns were not significant (p > 0.05) and ranged from 8% to 26%. However, there were significant differences in the sediment yield reduction benefits of different vegetation patterns (p < 0.05), ranging from 17% to 66%. It was observed that vegetation located in the lower slope produced a more pronounced effect in mitigating sediment when the degree of cover was the same. We conclude that implementing watershed management strategies based on the vegetation and topographic attributes of hillslope‐gully systems within the Loess Plateau, especially on Pisha sandstone hillslopes, serves as the fundamental approach to achieving sustainable watershed management.
Association of outdoor air and noise pollution with unprovoked seizures and new onset epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Antaya Tresah C. , Espino‐Alvarado Poul H. , Oiamo Tor , Wilk Piotr , Speechley Kathy N. , Burneo Jorge G.
Published: May 2024

Research has indicated that certain environmental exposures may increase the risk of unprovoked seizures and new onset epilepsy. This study aimed to synthesize the literature that has estimated the associations between short‐ and long‐term exposure to outdoor air and noise pollution and the risk of unprovoked seizures and new onset epilepsy. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, conference abstracts, and the gray literature and conducted citation tracing in June 2023. Observational and ecological studies assessing the associations of air and noise pollution with unprovoked seizures or new onset epilepsy were eligible. One reviewer extracted summary data. Using fixed and random effects models, we calculated the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for the studies assessing the associations between short‐term exposure to air pollution and unprovoked seizures. Seventeen studies were included, 16 assessing the association of air pollution with seizures and one with epilepsy. Eight studies were pooled quantitatively. Ozone (O3; RR = .99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .99–.99) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure adjusted for particulate matter (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.02) on the same day, and carbon monoxide (CO) exposure 2 days prior (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02–1.22), were associated with seizure risk. A single study of air pollution and epilepsy did not report a significant association. The risk of bias and heterogeneity across studies was moderate or high. Short‐term exposure to O3, NO2, and CO may affect the risk of seizures; however, the effect estimates for O3 and NO2 were minimal. Additional research should continue to explore these and the associations between outdoor air pollution and epilepsy and between noise pollution and seizures and epilepsy.
Functional characterization of Fur from the strict anaerobe Clostridioides difficile provides insight into its redox‐driven regulatory capacity
Authors: Fernández‐Otal Ángela , Guío Jorge , Sarasa‐Buisan Cristina , Peleato M. Luisa , Fillat María F. , Lanas Ángel , Bes M. Teresa
Published: May 2024

Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea associated with antibiotic therapy. The ability of this anaerobic pathogen to acquire enough iron to proliferate under iron limitation conditions imposed by the host largely determines its pathogenicity. However, since high intracellular iron catalyzes formation of deleterious reactive hydroxyl radicals, iron uptake is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level by the ferric uptake regulator Fur. Several studies relate lacking a functional fur gene in C. difficile cells to higher oxidative stress sensitivity, colonization defect and less toxigenicity, although Fur does not appear to directly regulate either oxidative stress response genes or pathogenesis genes. In this work, we report the functional characterization of C. difficile Fur and describe an additional oxidation sensing Fur‐mediated mechanism independent of iron, which affects Fur DNA‐binding. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we show that Fur binding to the promoters of fur, feoA and fldX genes, identified as iron and Fur‐regulated genes in vivo, is specific and does not require co‐regulator metal under reducing conditions. Fur treatment with H2O2 produces dose‐dependent soluble high molecular weight species unable to bind to target promoters. Moreover, Fur oligomers are dithiotreitol sensitive, highlighting the importance of some interchain disulfide bond(s) for Fur oligomerization, and hence for activity. Additionally, the physiological electron transport chain NADPH‐thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin from Escherichia coli reduces inactive oligomerized C. difficile Fur that recovers activity. In conjunction with available transcriptomic data, these results suggest a previously underappreciated complexity in the control of some members of the Fur regulon that is based on Fur redox properties and might be fundamental for the adaptive response of C. difficile during infection.
Essential residues in diterpene synthases for biosynthesis of oryzalexins A‐F in rice phytoalexin
Authors: Miwa Takumi , Ishikawa Oto , Takeda‐Kimura Yuri , Toyomasu Tomonobu
Published: May 2024

Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) produces a variety of diterpenoid‐type phytoalexins. Diterpene synthase genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of momilactones, phytocassanes, and oryzalexins have been identified in O. sativa cv. Nipponbare. OsKSL10 (Os12t0491800 in RAP and LOC_Os12g30824 in MSU) was previously identified as an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of ent‐copalyl diphosphate to ent‐sandaracopimaradiene for the production of oryzalexins A to F. Our previous study on Oryza rufipogon, a wild progenitor of Asian cultivated rice, showed that both OrKSL10 and OrKSL10ind from O. rufipogon accessions W1943 and W0106, respectively, closely related to the japonica and indica subspecies, converted ent‐copalyl diphosphate to ent‐miltiradiene. Thus, the functional conversion of ent‐miltiradiene synthase into ent‐sandaracopimaradiene synthase is implied to have occurred through natural amino acid mutations, the details of which have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that introduction of A654G substitution into OrKSL10 significantly alters its function into more closely resembling that of OsKSL10. Moreover, double substitution V546I/A654G almost completely converts the function of OrKSL10 into that of OsKSL10. On the other hand, the reversed substitution I546V/G654A was insufficient to convert the function of OsKSL10 into OrKSL10, indicating the introduction of additional substitution S522I is required for the functionality of OsKSL10. Lastly, point mutations at the 654A residue in OrKSL10 suggest that hydrophobic side chains at this position have a negative influence on the production of ent‐sandaracopimaradiene.
The interplay of politics and space: How elected politicians shape place‐based policies and outcomes
Authors: Bourdin Sebastien
Published: May 2024

This paper explores how elected politicians' decisions impact place‐based policies (PBPs) and the resulting consequences. It emphasises that understanding the political factors influencing PBPs offers insights into their effectiveness and potential pitfalls. The article draws upon the behavioural political economy theory, suggesting that political decisions often deviate from the purely rational due to cognitive biases and social influences. It examines the critical role of territorial intermediation, explores the potential discord between policy designs and ground realities, and investigates how broader political dynamics shape these trajectories. Additionally, the article probes the obstacles, including psychological, institutional and contextual factors, that may hinder policy implementation. In conclusion, the article proposes new avenues of research in regional, urban and planning studies that highlight the complexity of the political processes influencing these policies and calls for a multidimensional analysis of these processes.
Application of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology to core needle biopsies of the parotid gland
Authors: Israel Anna‐Karoline , Griffith Christopher C
Published: May 2024

Aims

The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology was developed by an international group of experts and first published in 2018 with the goal to standardise reporting of salivary gland aspirates. Seven categories with distinct risks of malignancy were proposed. Core needle biopsies (CNB) of salivary glands are also common, but reporting lacks standardisation. Here we explore the feasibility of a Milan‐like reporting system on CNB of the parotid gland.

Methods and results

Our laboratory information system was searched for parotid gland CNBs from 2010 to 2021. Reports were translated into a Milan‐like reporting system. When available, CNB findings were correlated with cytology and resection specimens. In order to compare the performance of CNB with fine‐needle aspirations (FNA), we established a second cohort of cases consisting of parotid FNA with surgical follow‐up. The risk of neoplasia (RON) and risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for FNA and CNB Milan categories using cases with follow‐up resection. We analysed 100 cases of parotid gland CNB. Of these cases, 32 underwent subsequent resection, while 52 had concurrent FNA. A total of 20 cases had concurrent FNA and underwent follow‐up resection. In 63 (63%) cases, a specific diagnosis was provided on CNB, with 18 cases undergoing follow‐up resection having an accuracy rate of 94%.

Conclusions

This study confirms the feasible of using a Milan‐like system in the setting of parotid gland CNB with differentiation in RON and ROM. CNB allows assessment of architectural features that may allow more specific diagnoses in some cases.
Severe acute liver disease in adults: Contemporary role of histopathology
Authors: Clouston Andrew D , Gouw Annette S H , Tiniakos Dina , Bedossa Pierre , Brunt Elizabeth M , Callea Francesco , Dienes Hans‐Peter , Goodman Zachary D , Hubscher Stefan G , Kakar Sanjay , Kleiner David E , Lackner Carolin , Park Young N , Roberts Eve A , Schirmacher Peter , Terracciano Luigi , Torbenson Michael , Wanless Ian R , Zen Yoh , Burt Alastair D
Published: May 2024

Liver biopsies have consistently contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis and aetiologies of acute liver disease. As other diagnostic modalities have been developed and refined, the role of biopsy in the management of patients with acute liver failure (ALF), acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) and acute hepatitis, including acute liver injury (ALI), has changed. Liver biopsy remains particularly valuable when first‐line diagnostic algorithms fail to determine aetiology. Despite not being identified as a mandatory diagnostic tool in recent clinical guidelines for the management of ALF or ACLF, many centres continue to undertake biopsies given the relative safety of transjugular biopsy in this setting. Several studies have demonstrated that liver biopsy can provide prognostic information, particularly in the context of so‐called indeterminate hepatitis, and is extremely useful in excluding conditions such as metastatic tumours that would preclude transplantation. In addition, its widespread use of percutaneous biopsies in cases of less severe acute liver injury, for example in the establishment of a diagnosis of acute presentation of autoimmune hepatitis or confirmation of a probable or definite drug‐induced liver injury (DILI), has meant that many centres have seen a shift in the ratio of specimens they are receiving from patients with chronic to acute liver disease. Histopathologists therefore need to be equipped to deal with these challenging specimens. This overview provides an insight into the contemporary role of biopsies (as well as explant and autopsy material) in diagnosing acute liver disease. It outlines up‐to‐date clinical definitions of liver injury and considers recent recommendations for the diagnosis of AIH and drug‐induced, autoimmune‐like hepatitis (DI‐AIH).
The effect of oral massage intervention on oral hygiene at home care
Authors: Chen I‐Chen , Lin Chi‐Te , Hsu Po‐Ya , Pai Lee‐Wen , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Liu Hsin‐Li
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Oral hygiene for individuals with disabilities living at home heavily relies on caregiver assistance. This study investigates differences in mouth opening, dental plaque index and halitosis grade among home‐dwelling individuals with and without oral massage intervention. It is important to consider that extended bedridden periods, the presence of nasogastric tubes and difficulties in mouth opening can affect caregivers' oral cleaning effectiveness.

Method

This single‐blind controlled experiment spanned 12 weeks. Primary caregivers underwent a 15‐ to 20‐min demonstration. The experimental group received guidance on the Bass brushing method, instructions for using oral cleaning tools and training in oral massage. The control group received guidance on the Bass brushing method and instructions for oral cleaning tools. Measurement tools included basic participant information, oral examination records, mouth opening assessments, dental plaque index evaluations and halitosis ratings.

Results

The study included 38 subjects, all over 80 years old with disabilities. Dental plaque index significantly improved after massage (p = 0.001). Compared to their pre‐massage conditions, the experimental group showed significant improvements in maximum mouth opening (11.65–20.71 mm, p = 0.001), dental plaque index (98.04%–59.74%, p < 0.0001) and halitosis rating (4.12–3.76, p = 0.034).

Conclusions

Oral massage effectively improved mouth opening, reduced the dental plaque index and lowered halitosis ratings in the experimental group, underscoring its positive impact on oral hygiene. The study's insights can significantly benefit oral care for individuals with disabilities living at home.
Should we be concerned about the use of non‐fluoride toothpaste? A survey study in two European countries
Authors: Maldupa Ilze , Narbutaite Julija , Stanceviciene Egle , Viduskalne Ilona , Kalnina Julija , Kronina Liga , Brinkmane Anda , Senakola Egita , Uribe Sergio E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Toothpastes available in Europe contain a range of fluoride concentrations, with some meeting the recommended level for caries prevention (>1000 ppm fluoride (ppm)) and others containing low or no fluoride. This study evaluated toothpaste fluoride concentrations in Latvia and Lithuania to inform targeted public health strategies in regions with a high prevalence of dental caries.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to May 2020, using a validated questionnaire in Latvia and Lithuania. Nationally representative samples (1309 families and 5436 members) provided data through a mixed‐mode survey (paper and online) on sociodemographic information, toothpaste type, brand, and type. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests (p < 0.05) were used for analysis.

Results

Fifteen percent of families used non‐fluoridated toothpaste and 12% used <1000 part per million (ppm) fluoride. In Latvia, 56.8% of preschoolers and 28.7% of schoolchildren used <1000 ppm or non‐fluoride toothpaste, whereas in Lithuania, 47.2% of preschoolers and 29.1% of schoolchildren used <1000 ppm or non‐fluoride toothpaste; 63% of adolescents and 73% of adults used toothpaste with optimal fluoride content (≥1000 ppm). Of the 228 registered toothpaste types, 62% contained more than 1000 ppm, which is optimal for caries prevention; 29% of Latvian and 24% of Lithuanian families used at least one non‐fluoridated toothpaste.

Conclusion

This study revealed significant gaps in the use of fluoride toothpaste among families in Latvia and Lithuania, especially among children. To effectively prevent dental caries, targeted interventions, and education must promote optimal fluoride toothpaste use, particularly among vulnerable populations.
Impact of ultrasonication on physicochemical, morphological, thermal, pasting, and pasta quality attributes of black wheat starch
Authors: Panghal Anil , Kumar Rajesh , Bishnoi Priya , Rana Divya , Chhikara Navnidhi
Published: May 2024

Ultrasonication is a novel, green, and sustainable method to modify the native starch for improved functionality and pronounced industrial applications. In the present study, the impact of ultrasonication power (40%, 50%, and 60%) on black wheat starch was observed on functional and pasta‐making attributes. Ultrasonication induced surface and microstructural alterations with minimal impact on the overall integrity of starch granules. The sound waves disrupted starch granules through cavitation and starch degradation by radial attack. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that ultrasonication disrupted the starch granules and a porous structure was developed. The treatment induced fissures and pores formation leading to structural rearrangements without any impact at the molecular level. With the increment in the power of ultrasonication, the scratching and fissures on the starch granules are increased which further modifies the starch functionality. Due to structural disruption of long amylopectin helices into short‐chain amylopectin and dextrin resulted in a more crystalline structure of starch, the results were supported by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. This alteration in starch structure increased the amylose concentration, solubility, and swelling capacity of modified starch. Pasta prepared with modified starch shows improved cooking and textural properties.
Evaluation of in vitro colonisation and immunomodulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarumL3 microcapsules after subjected to yoghurt storage
Authors: Gao Jiaxu , Hu Yingxi , Yan Shuqin , Qi Fuling , Li Xiuliang , Sun Qingshen
Published: May 2024

This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro adhesive and immunoregulative effects of water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L3 after subjected to yoghurt stress. The W/O/W microencapsulated L. plantarum L3 was prepared and dropped into fresh milk with commercial starters (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus). The yoghurt was prepared and stored at 4 °C for 21 days. The effects of yoghurt storage and simulated gastrointestinal treatment on the in vitro adhesive and immunomodulatory activities of L. plantarum L3 were investigated. Results showed that the hydrophobicity, auto‐aggregation and biofilm synthesis ability of L. plantarum L3 were improved after yoghurt storage but in a storage time‐dependent manner. The maximum coaggregation coefficients with S. aureus and E. coli were higher than 20%. L. plantarum L3 increased the viability and phagocytosis of mouse RAW264.7 cells, whereas the secretion of NO and proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS was significantly reduced. In conclusion, yoghurt was a promising vehicle for delivering W/O/W L. plantarum L3 to the intestinal tract.
Gelatin hydrolysate in freeze–thawed shrimp model system: retardation of weight loss and muscle protein denaturation
Authors: Kittiphattanabawon Phanat , Temdee Wattana , Maqsood Sajid , Visessanguan Wonnop , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: May 2024

This research explores the cryoprotective potential of gelatin hydrolysate by determining weight loss and physicochemical changes in the muscle protein of freeze–thawed shrimp. Shrimp treated with gelatin hydrolysate exhibited significantly higher and lower weight gain (9.20%) than those treated with distilled water (0.93%) and mixed phosphates (16.99%), respectively. Gelatin hydrolysate could lower the increasing rate of thawing and cooking loss and freezable water content in freeze–thawed shrimp (P < 0.05) and comparable to those of mixed phosphates treated shrimp (P > 0.05). As the shrimp were subjected to freeze–thawing, gelatin hydrolysate slowed the decline of protein solubility and Ca2+‐ATPase activity and mitigated the rise of surface hydrophobicity and disulfide bond content. It also delayed the shear force increase. These findings suggest that gelatin hydrolysate could be an effective alternative to traditional cryoprotectants, retarding weight loss and protein denaturation to preserve shrimp quality during freezing and frozen storage.
FOXO3 suppresses lymphoma progression through promoting miR‐34b/HSPG2 axis
Authors: Tao Shi , Huang Qianlei , Zhou Weilun , Chen Jing , Man Yuxuan , Chen Lang , Chen Yu
Published: May 2024

Background

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma, which caused many patients to lose their precious lives. FOXO3 was a suppressor in various cancers, however, the role and mechanism of FOXO3 in DLBCL remain unclear.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was used to offer information FOXO3 expression and its expression for prognosis of DLBCL patients. The abundance of genes and proteins was evaluated using RT‐qPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis was detected by CCK‐8 and flow cytometry. The interactions among FOXO3, miR‐34b, and HSPG2 were predicted by TransmiR and Starbase and validated using dual luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay, and RIP assay.

Results

Our findings revealed that FOXO3 expression was abnormally declined in DLBCL cells. FOXO3 upregulation restrained cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of DLBCL cells, while miR‐34b inhibitor eliminated these influences. Similarly, miR‐34b mimic suppressed malignant behaviors of DLBCL cells, which were abolished by HSPG2 overexpression. Mechanically, FOXO3 induced miR‐34b expression through interacting with miR‐34b promoter and HSPG2 was a targeted gene of miR‐34b.

Conclusion

FOXO3 attenuated the capability of cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis rate of DLBCL cells through affecting miR‐34b/HSPG2 axis, therefore inhibiting DLBCL progression.
Interim 2023/2024 Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Primary and Secondary Care in the United Kingdom
Authors: Whitaker Heather , Findlay Beth , Zitha Jana , Goudie Rosalind , Hassell Katie , Evans Josie , Kalapotharakou Panoraia , Agrawal Utkarsh , Kele Beatrix , Hamilton Mark , Moore Catherine , Byford Rachel , Stowe Julia , Robertson Chris , Couzens Anastasia , Jamie Gavin , Hoschler Katja , Pheasant Kathleen , Button Elizabeth , Quinot Catherine , Jones Tim , Anand Sneha , Watson Conall , Andrews Nick , de Lusignan Simon , Zambon Maria , Williams Christopher , Cottrell Simon , Marsh Kimberly , McMenamin Jim , Lopez Bernal Jamie
Published: May 2024

Background

We report 2023/2024 season interim influenza vaccine effectiveness for three studies, namely, primary care in Great Britain, hospital settings in Scotland and hospital settings in England.

Methods

A test negative design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness.

Results

Estimated vaccine effectiveness against all influenzas ranged from 63% (95% confidence interval 46 to 75%) to 65% (41 to 79%) among children aged 2–17, from 36% (20 to 49%) to 55% (43 to 65%) among adults 18–64 and from 40% (29 to 50%) to 55% (32 to 70%) among adults aged 65 and over.

Conclusions

During a period of co‐circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) in the United Kingdom, evidence for effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in both children and adults was found.
Determinants of the growing material footprints along the Belt and Road
Authors: Zhang Danyang , Feng Kuishuang , Zhou Peng , Wang Hui
Published: May 2024

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has induced immense material consumption and environmental threats while fostering economic development along participating countries. Quantifying recent trends of the material footprint of BRI economies and identifying potential drivers are vital to inform sustainable resource use. However, an assessment on the determinants of BRI material consumption from an economic system viewpoint is lacking in the literature. To fill this gap, this study proposes a multi‐region structural decomposition analysis model to assess the drivers of material footprints in BRI economies. To scrutinize the effects of transitioning economic structures, the effects of domestic and cross‐border production activities are separated. The latter is further characterized by production technology and sourcing structure. Using global multi‐region input–output tables of 2005–2015, this study reveals that shifting international sourcing patterns boosted BRI material footprint, with rising intermediate goods and services sourced from BRI regions substituting those from North America and the European Union. Capital formation in the construction sector took the primary role in driving BRI material footprint growth, followed by manufacturing sectors, especially since 2013. Disparities in the key drivers of material footprints have been identified among developed, emerging, and least developed economies. The results have relevant policy implications regarding alleviating BRI material pressure, including fostering material‐efficient demand patterns, facilitating environmental technology improvements in local countries, and establishing stringent governance on material usage.
Towards a social determination of health framework for understanding climate disruption and health‐disease processes
Authors: Hasemann Lara José Enrique , Díaz de León Alejandra , Daser Deniz , Doering‐White John , Frank‐Vitale Amelia
Published: May 2024

We compare the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the social determination of health (SDET) from the school of Latin American Social Medicine/Collective Health. Whereas SDET acknowledges how capitalist rule continues to shape global structures and public health concerns, SDOH proffers neoliberal solutions that obscure much of the violence and dispossession that influence contemporary migration and health‐disease experiences. Working in simultaneous ethnographic teams, the researchers here interviewed Honduran migrants in their respective sites of Honduras, Mexico, and the United States. These interlocutors connected their experiences of disaster and health‐disease to lack of economic resources and political corruption. Accordingly, we provide an elucidation of the liberal and dehumanizing foundations of SDOH by relying on theorizations from Africana philosophy and argue that the social determination of health model better captures the intersecting historical inequalities that structure relationships between climate, health‐disease, and violence.