bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por uma escola para todos: trabalho colaborativo da fonoaudiologia educacional
Authors: Masuyama Paula Mieco Koizumi
Published: May 2021

Lacunas no aprendizado de algumas crianças que estão à margem da política de inclusão se tornam mais evidentes no momento que estamos vivenciando. O artigo sintetiza a dissertação de mestrado em Educação e analisa a contribuição e os desafios do trabalho interdisciplinar entre a Fonoaudiologia e a Educação para a formação continuada de professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental sobre os problemas de aprendizagem da linguagem escrita. A investigação de natureza qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa intervenção com nuances do modelo construtivo-colaborativo, foi desenvolvida por meio de um programa de formação continuada de professores, na modalidade a distância. Os principais instrumentos de coleta de dados foram o questionário e as narrativas escritas. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que o trabalho articulado entre as respectivas áreas possibilitou a construção de um novo saber, a partir do entendimento que somos únicos.
Volume 2 Issue 1: Editorial
Authors: Attfield Sarah , Giuffre Liz
Published: May 2021

Welcome to Volume 2, Issue 1 of the Journal of Working-Class Studies. We have been thrilled with the reception of the inaugural issue of the journal in December 2016, and thank all the authors, readers and community members, and members of the Working-Class Studies Association who have been in touch with us following the launch. We welcome any other (or ongoing) correspondence, proposals and suggestions at editoral@workingclassstudiesjournal.com
The Emotional Politics of Making America Great Again: Trump’s Working Class Appeals
Authors: Schrock Douglas , Dowd-Arrow Benjamin , Erichsen Kristen , Gentile Haley , Dignam Pierce
Published: May 2021

Real estate developer and reality TV star Donald Trump’s election to the presidency of the U.S. was a departure from politics as usual in many ways. Most notably, Trump received more white working-class support than any Republican presidential candidate since 1980. Using data from 44 Trump campaign rallies, we analyze Trump’s emotional messages encoded in his working class appeals. We find that Trump’s language (1) temporarily oriented audiences towards feeling shame or fear as a nation, (2) reoriented them towards feeling anger at the elites he blamed, and (3) ultimately promised they would feel safe and proud if he was elected. Trump’s emotional scripting seemed crafted to resonate with working class audiences feeling left behind from decades of bipartisan neoliberalism. We conclude by discussing limitations and potential avenues for future research.
The Fix We Are In
Authors: Hudelson Richard
Published: May 2021

I have been thinking about the history and future of the labor movement for fifty years. As an academic in philosophy I have focused my research on the intersections of the global labor movement with philosophy of history, philosophy of science, ethics, economics, and political theory. ‘The Fix We Are In’ is a summary of my current thinking. At present the grand strategies for emancipation, ascendant in the mid-twentieth century, have faltered. Headless capitalism runs amuck. The conditions of the working class deteriorate. There is no vision of a better world—no clear pathway toward a better future. The ‘popular revolt’ bubbling up around the globe is a product of this moment. My paper concludes with a difficulty regarding my own favored way forward. Responses from readers would be welcome at: rhudelso@uwsuper.edu.
#TenureTrackHustle : Examining Academic Poverty of First-Generation Women of Color From an Intersectional Standpoint
Authors: Gray Kishonna , Chapple Reshawna
Published: May 2021

Women of color in academia face challenging obstacles when it comes to surviving and thriving in the ivory tower. Enduring the grind of graduate school and immediately upon attaining a PhD, women of color are often burdened with heavy student loan debt, large teaching loads, unrealistic service expectations, experience microaggressions based on race, gender and class, isolation, alienation and other challenges which compound and negatively impact the path to tenure. Many of the challenges mentioned above often differ from those of their white and/or male counterparts in the academy. Throughout this article, we will examine the literature of Black women in academia, provide personal narratives situating these complexities, and root them all in the context of being Black and Woman in academia. The academy is a place we are rarely welcomed and constantly fighting to survive and thrive.
The Work Arts and Crafts Do
Authors: Hosmer Brian
Published: May 2021

This essay forms part of a suite of papers focused on work and belonging on the Wind River Reservation. This essay attempts to interrogate multiple meanings attached to work, by Native people and non-Indians, and across multiple work environments.
Caring for the Internet: Content Moderators and the Maintenance of Empire
Authors: Bartkowski Lindsay
Published: May 2021

Scholarly and journalistic investigations of content moderation have thoroughly documented its emotional impact on workers, but have yet to analyze moderation as care labor. Out of sight from U.S. and European consumers, content moderators are hired by third-party outsourcing firms primarily in the Philippines or India to remove offensive or violent content from internet platforms in order to preserve their profitability and users’ emotional well-being. Situating content moderation in the long history of domestic labor relations in the U.S., which were designed to support the expansion of imperial power, this essay proposes new ways of understanding the relationship between affective labor and the procedures of empire.
Counting the Working Class for WorkingClass Studies: Comparing Three OccupationBased Definitions
Authors: King Colby
Published: May 2021

A wide variety of definitions of the working class are in use across disciplines and even within working-class studies (Cohen 2001; Zweig 2001; Metzgar 2003; Wilson 2016; Wilson and Roscigno 2018). Responding to Zweig’s (2016) call to maintain continuity in thinking about the working class in working-class studies by recognizing that ‘the working class continues to exist in capitalist societies, within capitalist class dynamics, in which the organization of production underlies material, cultural, and political experience’ (14), I delineate several definitions of the working class and take a close look at three operationalizations of the working class by occupational aggregations, one each suggested by Metzgar (2003) and Cohen (2001) and one I define, inspired by Florida (2002). Using 2017 American Community Survey data, I compare the demographics and geography of the working class through each of these definitions. I illustrate that by many definitions, the working class is a broad and diverse group of workers who live and work in rural, urban, and suburban places, while inequalities both within the working class and between it and other social classes remain pressing issues for investigation. This paper provides a guide for understanding definitions of the working class that will be useful for working-class studies scholars from all disciplines, regardless of methodologies.
On Government, Agency, and the Violence of Inaction
Authors: Eppard Lawrence M. , Chomsky Noam
Published: May 2021

In this piece, Eppard and Chomsky argue that government is crucial to the realization of true agency for millions of Americans. They also explore the manner in which political and cultural factors work to curtail the U.S. government’s ability to address social problems like poverty and economic inequality, thus limiting opportunity and freedom for many.
Differential Opportunity for Men from Low-Income Backgrounds across Pennsylvania
Authors: Eppard Lawrence M. , Okum Troy S. , Everidge Lucas
Published: May 2021

This study examines the place-based differences in opportunity experienced by men from lowincome backgrounds across U.S. and Pennsylvania counties. Our quantitative findings suggest that U.S. and Pennsylvania counties are very unequal in terms of how men raised in low-income families fare in adulthood on measures of upward mobility, household income, college graduation, incarceration, and marriage. A variety of county-level measures of concentrated disadvantage were associated with these outcomes, including county household income, poverty rate, degree of racial segregation, college graduation rate, single parenthood rate, social capital rate, and job growth rate. Additionally, anonymous qualitative data from phone interviews with county commissioners from some of the Pennsylvania counties that struggled the most in our analysis helped to confirm our findings with valuable on-the-ground perspectives. We discuss these findings and their implications for equality of opportunity in the U.S. and the state of Pennsylvania.
Nationalizing Realism in Dermot Bolger’s The Journey Home
Authors: Meyers Erika
Published: May 2021

Dermot Bolger’s third novel, The Journey Home, emerged in 1990 in the author’s home country of the Republic of Ireland, yet took 18 years to be republished in the United States in 2008. The novel’s graphic depiction of an array of abuses, including sexual, physical, political, and economic, not only illustrated the author’s intention to shock the reading public regarding the government’s conscious disregard for these struggles, but its publication also elucidated the aftereffects of exposing the differences between experiences with abuse and the ways in which both national and socio-economic processes mediate their interpretations. In this paper, I will argue that Bolger’s illustration of corruption and abuse does not only display a contrast between the public and those who represent their image, but also how socioeconomic paradigms are used to mediate perceptions of what constitutes ‘reality’.
Obligations to the FutureFreedom is considered one of America’s most cherished values. Most Americans agree that freedom requires order, justice, security, opportunity, fairness, absence of harm, absence of undue interference, and a variety of rights. But
Authors: Eppard Lawrence M. , Nelson Erik , Cox Cynthia , Bonilla-Silva Eduoardo
Published: May 2021

Freedom is considered one of America’s most cherished values. Most Americans agree that freedom requires order, justice, security, opportunity, fairness, absence of harm, absence of undue interference, and a variety of rights. But while Americans may agree on these things in broad, abstract terms, they are often divided over their precise definitions. In this article, the authors emphasize how a variety of societal problems—including climate change, racial inequality, poverty and economic inequality, concentrated disadvantage, intergenerational transmission of privilege and disadvantage, and the undermining of truth and expertise—are issues of freedom. The authors discuss the connection between these issues and freedom, and the need to demand action from elected representatives in order to enact true freedom for all Americans.
‘You know all them things’: Nostalgia, Idealization, and Speech in Working-Class Poems by Seamus Heaney, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Lucille Clifton
Authors: Fogarty William
Published: May 2021

This essay examines nostalgia, idealization, and speech in poems from the latter half of the twentieth century in the US and the UK that convey working-class experience, identifying nostalgia as a binding feature of such poems and tracing it to the 18th -century ‘nostalgia poem.’ I will first establish briefly how nostalgia in poems by Philip Levine, James Wright, and Robert Hayden results in idealizations that resist sentimentality and then demonstrate that the various forms of local speech employed in some other post1945 poems about working-class life by Seamus Heaney, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Lucille Clifton act as a stay against such idealization, effectively transforming them into more explicitly anticlassist –and, in the case of Brooks and Clifton, antiracist and antisexist –forms of social critique and defiance. Their poems interrupt and complicate the idealization of the familiar working-class surroundings they seek to reenter, familiar and familial realms that are not just temporal and spatial but linguistic. They honor their characters’ fortitude in the face of working-class encumbrances not by idealizing them but by concentrating on their working-class characters’ linguistic origins. Manifestations of local speech in these nostalgic poems amount to a poetic resource that disrupts idealizations of working-class experience, critiquing, in that process, classism and, in Brooks and Clifton, revealing classism’s intersections with racism and sexism. These poems don’t just desire to go back to earlier worlds but do go back linguistically to working-class, nonstandard languages – their particular forms of original local speech–that refuse the conditions that would subordinate those languages and the people who speak them.
Economic impact of ischemic heart diseases in Brazil: comparison through the input-output matrix to the years 2006 and 2014
Authors: Cezar Henry Ledur Paz , Montibeler Everlam Elias , Cordeiro Daniel Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article was to measure the impacts caused by Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHD) on Brazilian GDP in 2006 and 2014. The effects of IHD were assessed by applying shocks applied to 56 sectors, in current values of the impact on income. The method used included information on the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) through the study of Global Illness Burden; and Leontief Inverse. The results showed that the direct impacts of the IHD on GDP in 2006 were approximately US$ 166 million and US$ 362 million in 2014, and direct and indirect impacts were US$ 800 million in 2006 and US$ 1.3 billion in 2014. The total economic impact exceeded those of US$ 919 million in 2006 and US$ 1.7 billion in 2014.
Do “Off” ao “On” no Mercado Atacado de Moda: o Potencial de Influenciadores Digitais
Authors: Limongi Ricardo , Dias Ana Paula Candida , Silva André Luiz Barbosa da , Oliveira Denise Santos de , Freire Otávio Bandeira de Lâmonica
Published: May 2021

Este caso para ensino apresenta a narrativa de um shopping atacadista de moda que utilizava estratégias de divulgação exclusivamente off-line, porém, devido à queda significativa na taxa de ocupação das lojas entre os anos de 2018 e 2019, optou por utilizar estratégias de divulgação no ambiente on-line. Para evoluir em direção ao ambiente digital os gestores do shopping realizaram uma reestruturação na equipe de marketing. Este novo time analisou as mudanças comportamentais dos revendedores e consumidores finais no ambiente on-line e optou por utilizar a estratégia com influenciadores digitais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste caso é fomentar discussões quanto a estratégia seguida para inclusão no ambiente on-line e a escolha e contratação dos influenciadores digitais diante das limitações orçamentárias do shopping.
Spectral polarization camera based on ghost imaging via sparsity constraints
Authors: Chu Chunyan , Liu Shengying , Liu Zhentao , Hu Chenyu , Zhao Yuejin , Han Shensheng
Published: May 2021

A spectral polarization camera based on ghost imaging via sparsity constraints (GISC) is presented. The proposed imager modulates three-dimensional spatial and spectral information of the target into two-dimensional speckle patterns using a spatial random phase modulator and then acquires the speckle patterns at four linear polarization channels through a polarized CCD. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the system structure and reconstruction algorithm. The GISC spectral polarization camera, which has a simple structure and achieves compressive sampling during the imaging acquisition process, provides a simple scheme for obtaining multi-dimensional information of the light field.
Impact of threshold assessment methods in laser-induced damage measurements using the examples of CCD, CMOS, and DMD
Authors: Schwarz Bastian , Ritt Gunnar , Eberle Bernd
Published: May 2021

Based on our earlier investigations, we continued and intensified our effort on the assessment of laser-induced damage effects in the visible range on a digital micromirror device (DMD) in comparison to different electro-optical imaging sensors such as complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors (CMOS) and charge-coupled devices (CCD). The main two objectives of our current work are: i) to fill the gap for the damage threshold regarding the time scale of picosecond pulses (527 nm) for CCD and CMOS devices and ii) evaluate the performance of a new device, the DMD, with both nanosecond pulses (532 nm) and picosecond pulses (527 nm) and compare the results with those of the CCD/CMOS. In the course of this research, we improved the experimental setup. Furthermore, we characterized the damage caused by laser pulse energies exceeding the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). For both the CMOS and CCD cameras, we received damage thresholds of about

10

m
J

/

c

m
2

(picosecond pulses). For the DMD, we obtained LIDT values of

130

m
J

/

c

m
2

(nanosecond laser pulses) and

1500

m
J

/

c

m
2

(picosecond laser pulses). In case of the CMOS devices, we additionally compared the appearance of the damage obtained from the output signal of the camera under test and the microscope images of the surface of the camera. The first visible changes on the surface of the sensor occurred at energy densities that are an order of magnitude higher than the threshold values related to the output signal.
Proposal of phase noise and jitter reduction in a long-ring hybrid silicon mode-locked laser by intracavity reflectors
Authors: Shekarpour Mohammad , Yavari Mohammad Hasan
Published: May 2021

We propose a harmonically hybrid silicon mode-locked ring laser using intracavity reflectors (ICRs) to suppress supermode noise. The dynamic and noise properties of the structure are investigated using a delay differential equation model. The results of the dynamic show that a 20 GHz harmonic regime of the structure is significantly increased compared to a without intracavity–reflector structure. Additionally, the phase noise of the proposed structure (PS) is improved to about 8 dB. Furthermore, an analysis shows that timing jitter reduction has periodic behavior by changing the harmonic inter-spike interval time (

T

I
S
I

).
Twist-free ultralight two-photon fiberscope enabling neuroimaging on freely rotating/walking mice
Authors: Li Ang , Guan Honghua , Park Hyeon-Cheol , Yue Yuanlei , Chen Defu , Liang Wenxuan , Li Ming-Jun , Lu Hui , Li Xingde
Published: May 2021

Lightweight and head-mountable scanning nonlinear fiberscope technologies offer an exciting opportunity for enabling mechanistic exploration of ensemble neural activities with subcellular resolution on freely behaving rodents. The tether of the fiberscope, consisting of an optical fiber and scanner drive wires, however, restricts the mouse’s movement and consequently precludes free rotation and limits the freedom of walking. Here we present the first twist-free two-photon fiberscope technology for enabling neuroimaging on freely rotating/walking mice. The technology equips a scanning fiberscope with active rotational tracking and compensation capabilities through an optoelectrical commutator (OEC) to allow the animal to rotate and walk in arbitrary patterns during two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging of neural activities. The OEC provides excellent optical coupling stability (

<

±
1

%

fluctuation during rotation) and an extremely high torque sensitivity (

<

8

m
N

⋅

m

). In addition, the new technology is equipped with a custom grating and prism to effectively manage the temporal properties of the femtosecond excitation pulses through the fiber-optic system, which improved neuroimaging signal by more than

2
X

. This TPF fiberscope imaging platform has been tested for in vivo imaging, and the results demonstrate that it enables reliable recording of calcium dynamics of more than 50 neurons simultaneously in the motor cortices of freely behaving mice in a twist-free fashion. With active tracking function of the OEC enabled, we observed considerable increase in both behavior and neural activities in the motor cortices of the mice during freely behaving neuroimaging experiments.
To “Z” or not to “Z”: Z-RNA, self-recognition, and the MDA5 helicase
Authors: Herbert Alan
Published: May 2021

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced both by virus and host. Its recognition by the melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) initiates type I interferon responses. How can a host distinguish self-transcripts from nonself to ensure that responses are targeted correctly? Here, I discuss a role for MDA5 helicase in inducing Z-RNA formation by Alu inverted repeat (AIR) elements. These retroelements have highly conserved sequences that favor Z-formation, creating a site for the dsRNA-specific deaminase enzyme ADAR1 to dock. The subsequent editing destabilizes the dsRNA, ending further interaction with MDA5 and terminating innate immune responses directed against self. By enabling self-recognition, Alu retrotransposons, once invaders, now are genetic elements that keep immune responses in check. I also discuss the possible but less characterized roles of the other helicases in modulating innate immune responses, focusing on DExH-box helicase 9 (DHX9) and Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase (MOV10). DHX9 and MOV10 function differently from MDA5, but still use nucleic acid structure, rather than nucleotide sequence, to define self. Those genetic elements encoding the alternative conformations involved, referred to as flipons, enable helicases to dynamically shape a cell’s repertoire of responses. In the case of MDA5, Alu flipons switch off the dsRNA-dependent responses against self. I suggest a number of genetic systems in which to study interactions between flipons and helicases further.
The BHMT-betaine methylation pathway epigenetically modulates oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: Sternbach Sarah , West Nicole , Singhal Naveen K. , Clements Robert , Basu Soumitra , Tripathi Ajai , Dutta Ranjan , Freeman Ernest J. , McDonough Jennifer
Published: May 2021

Research into the epigenome is of growing importance as a loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have implicated aberrant DNA and histone methylation in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease pathogenesis. We have previously reported that the methyl donor betaine is depleted in MS and is linked to changes in histone H3 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in neurons. We have also shown that betaine increases histone methyltransferase activity by activating chromatin bound betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Here, we investigated the role of the BHMT-betaine methylation pathway in oligodendrocytes. Immunocytochemistry in the human MO3.13 cell line, primary rat oligodendrocytes, and tissue from MS postmortem brain confirmed the presence of the BHMT enzyme in the nucleus in oligodendrocytes. BHMT expression is increased 2-fold following oxidative insult, and qRT-PCR demonstrated that betaine can promote an increase in expression of oligodendrocyte maturation genes SOX10 and NKX-2.2 under oxidative conditions. Chromatin fractionation provided evidence of a direct interaction of BHMT on chromatin and co-IP analysis indicates an interaction between BHMT and DNMT3a. Our data show that both histone and DNA methyltransferase activity are increased following betaine administration. Betaine effects were shown to be dependent on BHMT expression following siRNA knockdown of BHMT. This is the first report of BHMT expression in oligodendrocytes and suggests that betaine acts through BHMT to modulate histone and DNA methyltransferase activity on chromatin. These data suggest that methyl donor availability can impact epigenetic changes and maturation in oligodendrocytes.
Effects of high-fidelity simulation education on medical students’ anxiety and confidence
Authors: Yu Ji Hye , Chang Hye Jin , Kim Soon Sun , Park Ji Eun , Chung Wou Young , Lee Su Kyung , Kim Miran , Lee Jang Hoon , Jung Yun Jung
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Psychological factors such as anxiety and confidence that students have in the patient care situation are important in that this affects the actual clinical performance. Students who are just starting clinical practice have a lack of clinical knowledge, skill proficiency, and patient communication skills, so they experience anxiety and lack of confidence in clinical setting. Practice in a safe environment, such as simulation education, can help students perform more settled and competently in patient care. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of high-fidelity simulation experience on anxiety and confidence in medical students.

Materials and methods

This study enrolled 37 5th-year students at Ajou University School of Medicine in 2020. Two simulation trainings were implemented, and a survey was conducted to measure students’ level of anxiety and confidence before and after each simulation. Based on the research data, a paired t-test was conducted to compare these variables before and after the simulation, and whether this was their first or second simulation experience.

Results

Students had a significantly lower level of anxiety and a significantly higher level of confidence after the simulation than before. In addition, after one simulation experience, students had less anxiety and more confidence before the second simulation compared to those without simulation experience.

Conclusions

We confirmed that medical students need to be repeatedly exposed to simulation education experiences in order to have a sense of psychological stability and to competently deliver medical treatment in a clinical setting. There is a practical limitation in that medical students do not have enough opportunities to meet the patients during clinical practice in hospitals. Therefore, in order to produce excellent doctors, students should have the expanded opportunities to experience simulation education so they can experience real-world medical conditions.
Article-level classification of scientific publications: A comparison of deep learning, direct citation and bibliographic coupling
Authors: Rivest Maxime , Vignola-Gagné Etienne , Archambault Éric
Published: May 2021

Classification schemes for scientific activity and publications underpin a large swath of research evaluation practices at the organizational, governmental, and national levels. Several research classifications are currently in use, and they require continuous work as new classification techniques becomes available and as new research topics emerge. Convolutional neural networks, a subset of “deep learning” approaches, have recently offered novel and highly performant methods for classifying voluminous corpora of text. This article benchmarks a deep learning classification technique on more than 40 million scientific articles and on tens of thousands of scholarly journals. The comparison is performed against bibliographic coupling-, direct citation-, and manual-based classifications—the established and most widely used approaches in the field of bibliometrics, and by extension, in many science and innovation policy activities such as grant competition management. The results reveal that the performance of this first iteration of a deep learning approach is equivalent to the graph-based bibliometric approaches. All methods presented are also on par with manual classification. Somewhat surprisingly, no machine learning approaches were found to clearly outperform the simple label propagation approach that is direct citation. In conclusion, deep learning is promising because it performed just as well as the other approaches but has more flexibility to be further improved. For example, a deep neural network incorporating information from the citation network is likely to hold the key to an even better classification algorithm.
Latent leprosy infection identified by dual RLEP and anti-PGL-I positivity: Implications for new control strategies
Authors: da Silva Moises Batista , Li Wei , Bouth Raquel Carvalho , Gobbo Angélica Rita , Messias Ana Caroline Cunha , Moraes Tania Mara Pires , Jorge Erika Vanessa Oliveira , Barreto Josafá Gonçalves , Filho Fred Bernardes , Conde Guilherme Augusto Barros , Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani , Salgado Claudio Guedes , Spencer John Stewart
Published: May 2021

The number of new cases of leprosy reported worldwide has remained essentially unchanged for the last decade despite continued global use of free multidrug therapy (MDT) provided to any diagnosed leprosy patient. In order to more effectively interrupt the chain of transmission, new strategies will be required to detect those with latent disease who contribute to furthering transmission. To improve the ability to diagnose leprosy earlier in asymptomatic infected individuals, we examined the combined use of two well-known biomarkers of M. leprae infection, namely the presence of M. leprae DNA by PCR from earlobe slit skin smears (SSS) and positive antibody titers to the M. leprae-specific antigen, Phenolic Glycolipid I (anti-PGL-I) from leprosy patients and household contacts living in seven hyperendemic cities in the northern state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Combining both tests increased sensitivity, specificity and accuracy over either test alone. A total of 466 individuals were evaluated, including 87 newly diagnosed leprosy patients, 52 post-treated patients, 296 household contacts and 31 healthy endemic controls. The highest frequency of double positives (PGL-I+/RLEP+) were detected in the new case group (40/87, 46%) with lower numbers for treated (12/52, 23.1%), household contacts (46/296, 15.5%) and healthy endemic controls (0/31, 0%). The frequencies in these groups were reversed for double negatives (PGL-I-/RLEP-) for new cases (6/87, 6.9%), treated leprosy cases (15/52, 28.8%) and the highest in household contacts (108/296, 36.5%) and healthy endemic controls (24/31, 77.4%). The data strongly suggest that household contacts that are double positive have latent disease, are likely contributing to shedding and transmission of disease to their close contacts and are at the highest risk of progressing to clinical disease. Proposed strategies to reduce leprosy transmission in highly endemic areas may include chemoprophylactic treatment of this group of individuals to stop the spread of bacilli to eventually lower new case detection rates in these areas.
Gothic Afterlives: Reincarnations of Horror in Film and Popular Media, Lorna Piatti-Farnell (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Prosser Ashleigh
Published: May 2021

Review of: Gothic Afterlives: Reincarnations of Horror in Film and Popular Media, Lorna Piatti-Farnell (ed.) (2019)

London: Lexington Books, 248 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-4985-7822-6 (cloth: alk. paper), p/bk, AUD 95

ISBN 978-1-4985-7823-3 (electronic), p/bk, AUD 90
«A Baptism of Fire»: Towards a Practical Hybrid Approach for the Lexicographic Indexation of Phraseological Units with Religious Lexical Components in English and Spanish
Authors: Rojas Díaz José Luis , Pérez Sánchez Juan Manuel
Published: May 2021

Traditionally, researchers have had a particular interest in the study of the relationship between phraseology and lexicography [e.g., Alonso Ramos (2006); Mellado Blanco (2008); Buendía Castro and Faber (2015); Paquot (2015); Nuccorini (2020)] to the point of having labeled it a «scientific marriage» (Leroyer 2006). In addition, scholars have been increasingly interested in the semantic analysis of phraseological units (henceforth PUs) [e.g., Grčić Simeunović and de Santiago (2016) and Torijano and Recio (2019)]. Among the problems that these and several other studies have pointed out, there is the recurrent reference to inaccuracy and difficulty in indexing PUs in lexicographic resources. Although some scholars consider onomasiological approaches as an interesting starting point [e.g., Bosque (2017) and Siepmann (2008)], a systematic methodology in phraseology that includes both the semantical analysis of the entries and their indexation is still needed.

We intend to address that need here through the analysis of 242 idioms (199 in Spanish and 43 in English) extracted from a 21,045-idiom database that was compiled from two phraseological dictionaries: the Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual (henceforth DFDEA) (Seco, Andrés et al., 2004), and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms (henceforth CCDOI) (Sinclair and Moon 1997). The criteria employed to select the resulting analysis units were: (i) they had to include at least one lexical component related to religion, and (ii) the idiom had to be nominal or verbal. The religious component was identified semi-automatically by using the UCREL’s Semantic Analysis System (USAS) (Archer et al., 2002).

The contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) it presents a lexicographic analysis of the macrostructure and microstructure of the two phraseological resources previously mentioned, (ii) it offers a model of semantic analysis for PUs with religion-related components, (iii) it proposes an alternative indexation method of PUs in lexicographic resources involving semasiological and onomasiological approaches; and finally, (iv) it shows a systematic way to use semantic and pragmatic information in order to create semantic entries for PUs.

In conclusion, by closely examining said set of phraseological entries, this study sheds light on the semantic composition of Pus. It also suggests a systematic hybrid approach for their lexicographic indexation in English and Spanish.
An update on the ornamental fish industry in Malaysia: Aeromonas hydrophila-associated disease and its treatment control
Authors: Anjur Norashikin , Sabran Siti Fatimah , Daud Hassan Mohd , Othman Nor Zalina
Published: May 2021

Malaysia is the world's major producer and exporter of ornamental fish, contributing 9% to the global trade and taking the second position after Singapore. Because of their artistic appeal and tremendous commercial value for international trade, ornamental fish recently gain rapid importance for foreign exchange and as a source of employment. While ornamental fish production is growing, there is an increase in infectious diseases, resulting in high fish mortality with significant economic loss. Bacterial disease is a serious problem for ornamental fish industry. Bacterial species surveillance in diseased freshwater ornamental fish from an aquarium shop reveals that Aeromonas hydrophila is the most dominant bacteria isolated. Consequently, Malaysia is stepping up its efforts by implementing the Economic Transformation Program and other biosecurity steps to address the aquaculture issues and encourage the regrowth of the ornamental fish market. Chemotherapeutic medications, phytobiotics, probiotics, yeast extracts, vaccines, and disinfectants can be used in controlling bacteria. Further studies should be done to find new antibacterial agents from natural sources to combat bacterial fish diseases and reduce fish mortality rate in sustainable aquaculture farms. This review summarizes the literature on ornamental fish industries and aquaculture production in relation to A. hydrophila-associated diseases and ornamental fish health management in Malaysia.
PENGARUH MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) TERHADAP DINDING SEL BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saptarini Opstaria , Rahmawati Ismi
Published: May 2021

Kaffir lime leaves essential oil has activity to inhibit bacterial growth. The mechanism of the inhibition is thought to be located in thebacterial cell wall. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial work location of kaffir lime leaf essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Kaffir lime leaves were distilled by steam distillation, essential oils obtained were identified by organoleptic quality, evaporation, solubility in alcohol, refractive index and specific gravity. The results were compared under with the literature. The results of essential oils were made with various concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.13, 1.56, 0.73, 0.39, and 0.20%. The results of the concentration series were tested for antibacterial activity with the macrodilution method followed by the determination for the location of bacterial growth inhibition using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The yield of kaffir lime leaf essential oil was 0.82%. The observation of organoleptic essential oil has a light yellow color, the distinctive odor of kaffir lime, a liquid form, and distinctive lime taste. Refractive index examination resulted 1.454; specific gravity 0.8317, and soluble in 70% ethanol with a ratio of 1:1. The Minimum BactericidalConcentration (MBC) obtained from the antibacterial activity test was 6.25%. Kaffir lime leaves essential oil mechanism occurred in the cell walls and cell membranes of Staphylococcus aureus.
Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Heart Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kolkata, India
Authors: Sarkar Mihir Kumar , Halder Arindam
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND The incidence of cardiac lesions is less than 1 % amongst hospital deliveries. The commonest cardiac lesion is of rheumatic origin followed by the congenital ones. Heart diseases have a significant impact on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study was to find out the specific heart lesion in pregnancy in a particular demographic area and evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome. METHODS This was a two-year retrospective observational study done by reviewing the records of all the mothers with heart diseases admitted for pregnancy from April 2016 to March 2018. RESULTS The study included 42 patients. The majority of heart lesions was mitral stenosis of rheumatic origin. Prophylactic forceps in second stage of labour was the major method of delivery. As far as the perinatal outcome is concerned, low birth weight and prematurity were the major problem in the babies born to these mothers. CONCLUSIONS With advances in medical care and surgical approach, the obstetricians should be prepared to manage an increasing number of women with heart disease during pregnancy. A combined multidisciplinary care is essential in managing these cases. KEY WORDS Rheumatic Heart Disease, Congenital Heart Disease, Cardiac Failure, Forceps Delivery, Prematurity
Erupting Compound Odontome - A Case Report
Authors: Shah Shreyas N. , Patel Falguni
Published: May 2021

Odontomas are asymptomatic, benign odontogenic tumours comprised of dental tissue. Most of the cases usually get detected on routine radiographic evaluation. Odontoma can be classified according to morphology in two different variants, compound odontoma showing anatomic similarity or miniature version of the tooth and complex odontoma having irregular masses with different type of dental tissues. Early detection of such type of silent lesion is mandatory to rule out certain silent but aggressive pathologies. Here, we present a case of erupting compound odontoma of maxillary area in 15-year-old male patient. Development of tooth is a result of complicated interaction between ectodermal and ecto mesenchymal tissue. Sometimes the remnants of such tissues are left behind in the jaw after development and eruption of tooth, which can become a source of development of odontogenic lesions later on.1 As revealed by World Health Organization (WHO), Odontogenic tumours can be classified in three different categories according to their histopathological form.2 1. Odontogenic tumours which develop from odontogenic epithelium without involvement of odontogenic ectomesenchyme, 2. Odontogenic tumours which develop from odontogenic epithelium with involvement of odontogenic ectomesenchyme, with or without formation of dental hard tissue and 3. Odontogenic tumours which develop from odontogenic ectomesenchyme with or without involvement of odontogenic epithelium.2 For such lesions “Odontoma” word was initially given by Paul Broca in 1866, who revealed the term as tumour occurred by the overgrowth of entire dental tissue. The growth of absolutely differentiated epithelial cells as functional ameloblast and mesenchymal cells as functional odontoblast can give rise to a different developmental anomaly coined as Odontomas.3 According to their behaviour and composition, odontomas can be considered as malformations or hamartomas rather than a true neoplasm. 4,5,6 In 2005, World Health Organization (WHO) classified two variants of odontomas, 1. Compound odontomas, which typically appears as unilocular lesions containing multiple radiopaque, tiny tooth like structures commonly known as denticles; and 2. Complex odontomas, which is comprised of an irregular mass of soft and hard dental tissues.
RISK MANAGEMENT AT TECHNICAL FACILITIES DESIGNING, BUILDING AND COMMISSIONING
Authors: Procházková Dana , Procházka Jan
Published: May 2021

The publication subject is to show the risk management of complex technical facilities at a stage involving the design, construction, outfit by technology equipment, testing and commissioning. The safety of this technical facility is related to the entire technical facility because, as a result of the interconnections among different parts, the set of the safe parts is generally not safe. The safety also considers the dynamic evolution of the world. Therefore, it is going on managing the risks caused by all possible causes in time and space. Based on the original database of failures and accidents of technical facilities, which also included weaknesses in the area of design, building, construction, testing and commissioning, they are determined the basic categories of risk causes. Through the procedures of advanced risk disciplines, there are developed the tools for working with risks in the monitored stage of the technical facility aimed at ensuring the technical facility safety throughout its life time, namely: decision support system; and risk management plan. Both tools are in two versions. The book shortly summarizes results of specific research performed in project “Řízení rizik a bezpečnost složitých technologických objektů (RIRIZIBE)“ CZ.02.2.69/0.0 /0.0/16_018/000”. The detail results are in original Czech monograph, which is cited.
Narrativas que contam uma história sobre um grupo escolar rural
Authors: Andrade Mirian Maria , Souza Grasielly dos Santos de
Published: May 2021

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como objetivo elaborar compreensões sobre um Grupo Escolar Rural paranaense, uma experiência educacional pública implantada por volta da década de 1940 e extinta em meados da década de 1970, que representa um número pequeno no conjunto de escolas rurais paranaenses. Para tanto, mobilizamos a metodologia História Oral para produzir narrativas orais, cujos colaboradores foram professores e alunos desse Grupo Escolar. Ao analisar o que registram essas narrativas orais, por meio dos pressupostos de uma análise de singularidades, exercitamos uma escrita na vertente de uma análise narrativa ficcional, permitindo uma (re)construção da história da educação rural naquela comunidade. Disso resulta uma escola rural cheia de interpretações e possibilitando algumas percepções sobre o direito à educação.
El Museo Nacional de Antropología de México.
Authors: Rosas Mantecón Ana
Published: May 2021

El Museo Nacional de Antropología ha sido un espacio emblemático para la fundamentación del nacionalismo en México, escenario de las interpretaciones variadas que se realizarían sobre el pasado indígena prehispánico hasta ser vinculado con lo mexicano. El museo exhibe no solo las culturas precolombinas sino que pretende infructuosamente relacionarlas con los indígenas contemporáneos. Desde una perspectiva histórica y crítica de la construcción social del patrimonio, el artículo analiza al museo como espacio de enfrentamiento y negociación social, como recurso para reproducir las identidades y diferencias en una nación que busca asumirse como pluricultural.
SHARIAH COMPLIANCE ON RETAKAFUL IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ali Nurwajihah Ajlaa , Markom Ruzian
Published: May 2021

Retakaful is an Islamic alternative to the reinsurance industry in ensuring the stability of takaful companies. In Malaysia, the takaful operators need to depend on retakaful operators to ensure the takaful industry's long-term continuity by sharing the risk with the retakaful operators due to the small numbers of takaful operators. As a result, they reinsure their Takaful with the conventional reinsurance companies to meet the market demand. This practice continues to be acceptable based on an argument of unavoidable circumstances such as a necessity (darurah) and a dire need (hajah) due to insufficient retakaful companies. The Shari'ah issues arose on the needs for retakaful operators with conventional reinsurers or operators. Therefore, the paper aims to analyze the role of retakaful and its potential within the industry by identifying. Then it explores the Shari'ah principle and the arguments, existing rules, and regulations on the said issues. This study utilized the doctrinal research method with the content analysis. The data is collected from the library consisting of primary and secondary sources. The study's findings revealed that the Shariah scholars resolution plays essential roles in enhancing the roles of the retakaful industry based on darurah and hajah.
DOUBLE TRACK CRIMINAL SYSTEM OF INDONESIA: CRIMINAL SANCTION AND CHEMICAL CASTRATION TREATMENT POLICY ON PEDHOFILIA?
Authors: Appludnopsanji Appludnopsanji , Purwanti Ani
Published: May 2021

Cases of sexual contact with threats or violence perpetrated against children by adult offenders may be subject to criminal penalties and treatment of chemical castration. This is governed by Law No. 17 of 2016, which passed the Government Regulation in lieu of  Law No. 17 of 2016. The existence of criminal sanctions and acts in the form of chemical castration is a breakthrough and a manifestation of the implementation of double-track sentencing. The chemical castration treatment has led to the opposition of society. Consequently, to find out how the regulation of chemical castration treatment and to know what chemical castration is appropriate with the double-track criminal system. It is necessary to researching doctrinal research. The results showed that chemical castration is an treatment and castration has been contradicted with the double-track criminal system adopted by Indonesia.
A MODEL OF ISLAMIC PUBLIC FINANCE IN MALAYSIA’S CONSTITUTION
Authors: Ismail Abdul Ghafar
Published: May 2021

This study asks five questions. How does the Constitution define the framework for its governance and the principles under which it must operate? How do the provisions lay out the core public finance matters? How are Islamic religious defined? How could we interpret the provisions in the Constitution? How do Islamic religious revenues affect socioeconomic development? Based on the analysis of these questions, and the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, this study will try to explain the choice of alternative sets of legal-institutional-constitutional rules that constrain the choices and activities of economic and political agents (government). In particular, this study will prove that the Constitution results from both conventional and Islamic scholars' preferences. The constitutional rules lead to the introduction of Islamic religious revenues as the sources of government revenues. Furthermore, in Malaysia, constitutional economics also provides another view that treats Islamic religious revenues as socioeconomic development tools.