bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis b y c en personas con vih del instituto para el desarrollo humano
Authors: Garay Quiroga Jhemel , Valdez Carrizo Edgar
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La coinfección del VIH con la hepatitis B o C es causa de patología hepática crónica, con diversas seroprevalencias en diferentes regiones del mundo.

Objetivo: Conocer la seroprevalencia de hepatitis B y C en personas con VIH que acuden a consulta en el Instituto para el Desarrollo Humano, Cochabamba-Bolivia, gestión 2017-2018.

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo-transversal, cuantitativo, no experimental.Se analizaron los resultados serológicos de los marcadores: Antígeno de superficie del virus hepatitis B, anticuer- po anti-core del virus de hepatitis B, anticuerpo contra el virus hepatitis C; historial de vacuna para hepatitis B y esquema de tratamiento antirretroviral, de 195 personas con VIH en el Instituto para el Desarrollo Humano, se realizó análisis bivariado para la obtención de datos. Resultados: La seroprevalencia obtenida para hepatitis B es de 7,7% y hepatitis C de 0,5%; la coinfección entre VIH y hepatitis B es de 80% con esquema antirretroviral tenofovir/lamivudina. El grupo poblacional homosexual tiene un riesgo de 5,5 veces más de tener la co-infección de VIH y hepatitis B con un valor de p de 0,006; con relación a la inmunización para hepatitis B solo el 9,2% de los pacientes cuentan con el esquema completo.

Conclusión: Es imperativo ofertar las pruebas para hepatitis B y C a todas las personas con VIH; haciendo énfasis en los grupos más vulnerables (homosexuales); es importante el abastecimiento de dosis para la inmunización completa contra la hepatitis B en todos los servicios de salud públicos del país.
III. AHMED DÖNEMİNDE PARANIN DURUMU
Authors: DANIK Sevda
Published: April 2022

1699 Karlofça Antlaşması’ndan sonra sosyal ve ekonomik hayatta başlayan gelişmeler III. Ahmed döneminde de devam etmiştir. Bu dönemde Osmanlı Devleti batı tarzında yenilikler yapmaya başlamış; batı ile siyasi, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik ilişkiler geliştirilmiş, yeni bir hayat tarzı ortaya çıkmıştır. Yeni köşkler ve kasırlar inşa edilmiş, mimaride Avrupa tesiri görülmeye başlamıştır. Matbaa açılmış, önemli eserler Türkçeye çevrilmiş, tersane ıslah edilmiş, tulumbacı ocağı kurulmuş ve tıp alanında gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Büyük şehirlerde sanayi imalatı genişlemiş, yeni faaliyet dalları ortaya çıkmış; başta dokuma sanayi olmak üzere, zirai üretim ve ihracat artmıştır.

Siyasi, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik alandaki bu gelişmelere, paradaki gelişmeleri de eklemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada III. Ahmed dönemi para yönünden incelenmiş; para konusunda yapılan düzenlemeler ve yaşanan gelişmeler, tedavülde yaygın olarak bulunan paralar, Mısır Darphanesi ve ayarı düşük para darbı, altın ve gümüşün dışarıya kaçırılması, kalpazanlık olayları, paraların rayiçleri ve sikke tashihleri konularına değinilmiştir.
FİRDEVSÎ-İ RÛMÎ’NİN SÜLEYMÂN-NÂME-İ KEBÎR’İNDE (65. CİLDİNDE) GEÇEN ÂYET İKTİBÂSLARI
Authors: DEMİR Seyfettin
Published: April 2022

Firdevsî-i Tavîl, Firdevsî-i Rûmî gibi isimlerle bilinen Firdevsî, XV. yüzyılın sonları ile XVI. yüzyılın başlarında yaşayan Divan edebiyatının mensur alanında eser vermiş sanatçılarındandır. 81 ciltten oluşan Süleymân-nâme-yi Kebir adlı eserini dönemin padişahı II. Bayezid’e takdim etmiştir. Hz. Süleyman’ın etrafında gelişen olayları, tahkiye tekniğiyle nesir ve nazım tarzında kaleme almıştır. Eser bir taraftan destân, efsâne, hikâye, masal, astronomi, tarih mitoloji ve menkıbe gibi bilgileri içerirken diğer taraftan dini-tasavvufi ve ahlaki yönüyle ansiklopedik bir özellik taşır. Yazar, olayları kurgularken Tevrat, Zebur, İncil ve İlahi kitapların sonuncusu olan Kur’an-ı Kerîm’den sıklıkla yararlanır. Kitâb-ı Temcîd, Ḫiṭâb-ı Tevḥîd, Kelâm-ı Kadîm, Kitâb-ı Mübîn, Kitâb-ı Kerîm, Kelâm-ı Sübhânî, Kelâm-ı Rabbânî gibi ifadelerle metinde yer alan Kur’an-ı Kerim, Divan edebiyatının başlıca önemli kaynakları arasında yer alır. Firdevsî, Süleymân-nâme-yi Kebir’in 65. cildinde sıklıkla konuya ve olaya paralellik arz eden ayetlerden iktibas yoluyla yararlanarak anlatılanların doğruluğunu teyit etmeye ve okuyucu nezdinde inandırıcılığını artırmaya çalışır. Nesir bölümünde ayetlerden yararlandığı gibi nazım bölümlerinde de ayetlerden alıntı yapar. Yazar nesirle olayları tafsilatıyla verdikten sonra nazımla kısa ve öz bir şekilde özetleyip pekiştirmeye çalışır. Bu çalışmamızda metin bağlamından yola çıkarak alıntılanan ayetleri konu başlıklarına göre değerlendirip incelemeye çalıştık.
LEBÎB-İ ÂMİDÎ DÎVÂNINDA RAMAZÂN KONULU ŞİİRLER
Authors: KADIOĞLU İdris
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada Lebîb-i Âmidî (Diyarbakırlı Lebîb) dîvânındaki Ramazân konulu şiirler üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı dîvân içerisinde karışık halde bulunan ve Ramazân ayının kutsiyetini konu alan Türkçe, Arapça şiirleri bir araya getirip bunları şekil ve içerik yönünden incelemektir. Metin neşri, tashîhi, tasnîfi, analizi ve değerlendirmesi yöntemiyle hazırlanan bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular iki bölümde ele alınmış ve incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde öncelikle Lebîb’in hayatı, edebî kişiliği ve dîvânı üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca Ramazâniyye, Îdiyye ve Temcîdiyye türündeki şiirlerin özellikleri hakkında ansiklopedik bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde dîvânda tespit edilen tebrik-nâme, arz-ı hâl ve câize talebi için yazılan Ramazân konulu Türkçe şiirler bir araya getirilmiştir. Ramazân ayının kutsiyetini ifade eden “Temcîdiyye” türündeki şiirler de tasnîf edilerek bu gruba dâhil edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde “Sînât-ı sıyâm” başlıklı ve yine Ramazân konulu bir Arapça şiir tercüme edilip incelendikten sonra sonuç ve kaynakça bölümleri yazılarak çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Diyarbakırlı Lebîb ve dîvânı hakkında bilimsel araştırma yapacaklara bu çalışmanın faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Genel olarak dini şiirler üzerinde özellikle de “Ramazâniyye / Îdiyye” türündeki şiirler üzerinde çalışacak olanlar bu çalışmaya müracaat etmelidir.
Parameterizing the aerodynamic effect of trees in street canyons for the street-network model MUNICH using the CFD model Code_Saturne
Authors: Maison Alice , Flageul Cédric , Carissimo Bertrand , Tuzet Andrée , Wang Yunyi , Sartelet Karine
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Trees provide many ecosystem services in cities such as urban heat island reduction, water runoff limitation and carbon storage. However, the presence of trees in street canyons reduces the wind velocity in the street and limits pollutant dispersion. Thus, to get accurate simulations of pollutant concentrations, the aerodynamic effect of trees should be taken into account in air-quality models at the street level. The Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH) simulates the pollutant concentrations in a street-network, considering dispersion and physico-chemical processes. It can be coupled to a regional-scale chemical-transport model to simulate air quality over districts or cities. The aerodynamic effect of tree crown is parameterized here, through their impacts on the average wind velocity in the street direction and the vertical transfer coefficient associated with the dispersion of a tracer. The parameterization is built using local-scale simulations performed with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code Code_Saturne. Two-dimensional CFD simulations in an infinite street canyon are used to quantify the effect of trees depending on the tree characteristics (Leaf Area Index, crown volume fraction and tree height to street height ratio) using a drag-porosity approach. The tree crown slows down the flow and produces turbulent kinetic energy in the street, thus impacting the tracer dispersion. This effect increases with the Leaf Area Index and the crown volume fraction of the trees: the average horizontal velocity in the street is reduced up to 68 % and the vertical transfer coefficient up to 23 % in the simulations performed here. A parameterization of these effects on horizontal and vertical transfers for the street model MUNICH is proposed. Existing parameterizations in MUNICH are modified based on Code_Saturne simulations to account for both building and tree effects on vertical and horizontal transfers. The parameterization is built to get similar tree effects (quantified by a relative deviation between the cases without and with trees) between Code_Saturne and MUNICH. The vertical wind profile and mixing length depend on Leaf Area Index, crown radius and tree height to street height ratio. The interaction between the trees and the street aspect ratio is also considered.
Documentary-based climate reconstructions in the Czech Lands 1501–2020 CE and their European context
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Dobrovolný Petr , Mikšovský Jiří , Pišoft Petr , Trnka Miroslav , Možný Martin , Balek Jan
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Annual and seasonal temperature, precipitation, and
drought index (SPI – standard precipitation index, SPEI – standard
precipitation evapotranspiration index, Z index, PDSI – Palmer Drought
Severity Index) series covering the Czech Lands territory (now the Czech
Republic) over 520 years (1501–2020 CE) reconstructed from documentary data
combined with instrumental observations were analysed herein. The
temperature series exhibits a statistically significant increasing trend,
rising from ∼ 1890 and particularly from the 1970s; 1991–2020
represents the warmest and driest 30-year period since 1501 CE. While the
long-term precipitation total fluctuations (and derived SPI fluctuations)
remain relatively stable with annual and decadal variabilities, past
temperature increases are the key factor affecting recent increasing dryness
in the SPEI, Z index, and PDSI series. The seasonal temperature series
represent a broad European area, while the seasonal precipitation series
show lower spatial correlations. A statistical attribution analysis
conducted utilizing regression and wavelet techniques confirmed the
influence of covariates related to volcanic activity (prompting temporary
temperature decreases, especially during summer) and the North Atlantic
Oscillation (influential in all seasons except summer) in the Czech climate
reconstructions. Furthermore, components tied to multidecadal variabilities
in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific were identified in the
temperature and precipitation series and in the drought indices, revealing
notable shared oscillations, particularly at periods of approximately
70–100 years.
Sub-millennial climate variability from high resolution water isotopes in the EDC ice core
Authors: Grisart Antoine , Casado Mathieu , Gkinis Vasileios , Vinther Bo , Naveau Philippe , Vrac Mathieu , Laepple Thomas , Minster Bénédicte , Prié Fréderic , Stenni Barbara , Fourré Elise , Steen Larsen Hans-Christian , Jouzel Jean , Werner Martin , Pol Katy , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Hoerhold Maria , Popp Trevor , Landais Amaelle
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core provides the longest continuous climatic record covering the last 800 000 years (800 kyrs). Obtaining homogeneous high resolution measurements and accounting for diffusion provide a unique opportunity to study the evolution of decadal to millennial variability within the past glacial and interglacial periods. We present here a compilation of high resolution (11 cm) water isotopic records with 27 000 δ18O measurements and 7 920 δD measurements (covering respectively 94 % and 27 % of the whole EDC record), including published and new measurements (2 900 for both δ18O and δD) over the last 800 kyrs on the EDC ice core. We show that overlapping measurement series performed over multiple depth ranges over the past 20 years, using different analytical methods and in different laboratories, are consistent within analytical uncertainty, and therefore can be combined to provide a homogeneous data set. A frequency decomposition of the most complete δ18O record and a simple assessment of the possible influence of diffusion on the measured profile shows that the variability during glacial periods at multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescale is higher than variability of the interglacial periods. This analysis shows as well that during interglacial periods characterized by a temperature optimum at its beginning, the multi-centennial variability is the strongest over this temperature optimum.
Global Datasets of Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity for Ecological and Earth System Research
Authors: Chen Jing M. , Wang Rong , Liu Yihong , He Liming , Croft Holly , Luo Xiangzhong , Wang Han , Smith Nicholas G. , Keenan Trevor F. , Prentice I. Colin , Zhang Yongguang , Ju Weimin , Dong Ning
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) determines leaf photosynthetic capacity and is a key parameter for estimating the terrestrial carbon cycle, but its spatial information is lacking, hindering global ecological research. Here, we convert leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) retrieved from satellite data to Vcmax, based on plants’ optimal distribution of nitrogen between light harvesting and carboxylation pathways. We also derive Vcmax from satellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) as a proxy of leaf photosynthesis. These two independent global Vcmax products agree well (r2 = 0.79, RMSE = 15.46 μmol m-2 s-1, P < 0.001) and compare well with 3672 ground-based measurements (r2 = 0.68, RMSE = 13.55 μmol m-2 s-1 and P < 0.001 for SIF; r2 = 0.55, RMSE = 17.55 μmol m-2 s-1 and P < 0.001 for LCC). Through a data assimilation technique, these two types of Vcmax products from remote sensing are combined to provide an optimized Vcmax product. The global distributions of these products are compatible with Vcmax computed from an ecological optimality theory using meteorological variables, but importantly reveal additional information on the influence of land cover, irrigation, soil pH and leaf nitrogen on leaf photosynthetic capacity. These satellite-based approaches and spatial Vcmax products are primed to play a major role in global ecosystem research. The three remote sensing Vcmax products are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6466968 (Chen et al., 2020) and the code for implementing the ecological optimality theory is available at https://github.com/SmithEcophysLab/optimal_vcmax_R (Smith, 2020).
Improving snow albedo modeling in E3SM land model (version 2.0) and assessing its impacts on snow and surface fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hao Dalei , Bisht Gautam , He Cenlin , Bair Edward , Huang Huilin , Dang Cheng , Rittger Karl , Gu Yu , Wang Hailong , Qian Yun , Leung L. Ruby
Published: April 2022

Abstract. With the highest albedo of the land surface, snow plays a vital role in Earth’s surface energy and water cycles. Snow albedo is greatly affected by snow grain properties (e.g., size and shape) and light absorbing particles (LAPs) such as black carbon (BC) and dust. The mixing state of LAPs in snow also has large impacts on LAP-induced snow albedo reduction and surface radiative forcing (RF). However, most land surface models assume that snow grain shape is spherical and LAPs are externally mixed with the snow grains. This study improves the snow radiative transfer model in the land model (ELM v2.0) of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2.0 (E3SM v2.0) by considering non-spherical snow grain shapes (i.e., spheroid, hexagonal plate and Koch snowflake) and internal mixing of dust-snow and systematically evaluates the impacts on surface energy and water balances over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A series of ELM simulations with different treatments of snow grain shape, mixing state of BC-snow and dust-snow, and sub-grid topographic effects (TOP) on solar radiation are performed. Compared with two remote sensing snow products derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, the control ELM simulation with the default settings of spherical snow grain shape, internal mixing of BC-snow, external mixing of dust-snow and without TOP can capture the overall snow distribution reasonably. The estimated LAP-induced RF ranging from 0 to 21.9 W/m2 with the area-weighted average value of 1.3 W/m2 is comparable to reported values. Focusing on the snow-related processes and surface energy and water balances, Koch snowflake shape, among other non-spherical shapes, shows the largest difference from spherical shape in spring. The impacts of the mixing state of LAP-snow are smaller than the shape effects and depend on snow grain shape. Compared to external mixing, internal mixing of LAP-snow can lead to larger snow albedo reduction and snowmelt, which further affect surface energy and water cycles. Compared to the control simulation, the individual contributions of non-spherical snow shape, mixing state of LAP-snow, and local topography to the change of snow and surface fluxes have different signs and magnitudes, and their combined effects may be negative or positive due to complex and non-linear interactions among the factors. Overall, the changes of net solar radiation in spring due to individual and combined effects range from -28.6 to 16.9 W/m2 and -29.7 to 12.2 W/m2, respectively. This study advances understanding of the role of snow grain shape and mixing state of LAP-snow in land surface processes and offers guidance for improving snow simulations and RF estimates in Earth system models under climate change.
Detecting hydrological connectivity using causal inference from time series: synthetic and real karstic case studies
Authors: Delforge Damien , de Viron Olivier , Vanclooster Marnik , Van Camp Michel , Watlet Arnaud
Published: April 2022

Abstract. We investigate the potential of causal inference methods (CIMs) to reveal hydrological connections from time series. Four CIMs are selected from two criteria, linear or nonlinear and bivariate or multivariate. A priori, multivariate, and nonlinear CIMs are best suited for revealing hydrological connections because they fit nonlinear processes and deal with confounding factors such as rainfall, evapotranspiration, or seasonality. The four methods are applied to a synthetic case and a real karstic case study. The synthetic experiment confirms our expectation: unlike the other methods, the multivariate nonlinear framework has a low false-positive rate and allows for ruling out a connection between two disconnected reservoirs forced with similar effective precipitation. However, for the real case study, the multivariate nonlinear method was unstable because of the uneven distribution of missing values affecting the final sample size for the multivariate analyses, forcing us to cope with the results' robustness. Nevertheless, if we recommend a nonlinear multivariate framework to reveal actual hydrological connections, all CIMs bring valuable insights into the system's dynamics, making them a cost-effective and recommendable comparative tool for exploring data. Still, causal inference remains attached to subjective choices, operational constraints, and hypotheses challenging to test. As a result, the robustness of the conclusions that the CIMs can draw always deserves caution, especially with real, imperfect, and limited data. Therefore, alongside research perspectives, we encourage a flexible, informed, and limit-aware use of CIMs without omitting any other approach that aims at the causal understanding of a system.
Soil moisture estimation in South Asia via assimilation of SMAP retrievals
Authors: Ahmad Jawairia A. , Forman Barton A. , Kumar Sujay V.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A soil moisture retrieval assimilation framework is implemented across South Asia in an attempt to improve regional soil moisture estimation as well as to provide a consistent regional soil moisture dataset. This study aims to improve the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture estimates by assimilating Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) near-surface soil moisture retrievals into a land surface model. The Noah-MP (v4.0.1) land surface model is run within the NASA Land Information System software framework to model regional land surface processes. NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA2) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) provide the meteorological boundary conditions to the land surface model. Assimilation is carried out using both cumulative distribution function (CDF)-corrected (DA-CDF) and uncorrected SMAP retrievals (DA-NoCDF). CDF matching is applied to correct the statistical moments of the SMAP soil moisture retrieval relative to the land surface model. Comparison of assimilated and model-only soil moisture estimates with publicly available in situ measurements highlights the relative improvement in soil moisture estimates by assimilating SMAP retrievals. Across the Tibetan Plateau, DA-NoCDF reduced the mean bias and RMSE by 8.4 % and 9.4 %, even though assimilation only occurred during less than 10 % of the study period due to frozen (or partially frozen) soil conditions. The best goodness-of-fit statistics were achieved for the IMERG DA-NoCDF soil moisture experiment. The general lack of publicly available in situ measurements across irrigated areas limited a domain-wide direct model validation. However, comparison with regional irrigation patterns suggested correction of biases associated with an unmodeled hydrologic phenomenon (i.e., anthropogenic influence via irrigation) as a result of SMAP soil moisture retrieval assimilation. The greatest sensitivity to assimilation was observed in cropland areas. Improvements in soil moisture potentially translate into improved spatiotemporal patterns of modeled evapotranspiration, although limited influence from soil moisture assimilation was observed on modeled processes within the carbon cycle such as gross primary production. Improvement in fine-scale modeled estimates by assimilating coarse-scale retrievals highlights the potential of this approach for soil moisture estimation over data-scarce regions.
Structural design of multi-body heave wave energy conversion system and analysis of energy efficiency of floating body on water surface
Authors: Cong Dongsheng , Jing Hao , Zhang Ruijun , Lu Zhongyue , Shang Jianzhong , Luo Zirong
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Due to the defects of the internal structure and energy supply carrier, conventional deep sea unoccupied marine equipment cannot meet the requirements of low power consumption. In this paper, the whole structure of a multi-body heave wave energy conversion system was designed to capture and convert wave energy. The conversion system consists of a floating body, an underwater absorber and a power takeoff system (PTO). The dynamic
model of the energy conversion system and the mathematical model of energy efficiency evaluation were established according to the dynamic analysis. Based on the real service environment in the South China Sea, the energy efficiency characteristics of floating bodies with different shapes were
simulated, and the amplitude response operator (RAO), radiation damping, added mass and Froude–Krylov force of floating bodies with different shapes were compared. Then, the optimal energy efficiency parameters of surface floating body were explored. Finally, the correctness of the conclusion was verified by the energy efficiency test. The results show that, under the limitation of low power consumption and space scale, the energy conversion system of an axisymmetric rotary body with the same sea conditions, same material and the largest scale can significantly improve the conversion efficiency, and the spherical rotary body performs the best, which makes the
unoccupied marine equipment have a broad prospect for development.
When Is Lockdown Justified?
Authors: White Lucie , Van Basshuysen Philippe , Frisch Mathias
Published: April 2022

How could the initial, drastic decisions to implement “lockdowns” to control the spread of Covid-19 infections be justifiable, when they were made on the basis of such uncertain evidence? We defend the imposition of lockdowns in some countries by, first, looking at the evidence that undergirded the decision (focusing particularly on the decision-making process in the United Kingdom); second, arguing that this provided sufficient grounds to restrict liberty, given the circumstances; and third, defending the use of poorly empirically constrained epidemiological models as tools that can legitimately guide public policy.
Asiatic Cholera Pandemic in East Prussia in the 19th Century
Authors: Małłek-Grabowska Małgorzata , Małłek Janusz
Published: April 2022

Artykuł składa się z 8 części: 1. Stan badań, 2. Droga przemieszczania się cholery z Indii, przez Rosję i Polskę do Prus, 3. Zarządzenia władz wobec zagrożenia epidemią cholery, 4. Początki epidemii cholery w Prusach Wschodnich, 5. Przebieg epidemii cholery i bilans strat ludnościowych w prowincji Prus Wschodnich w drugiej połowie 1831 r., 6. Kolejne epidemie cholery w Prusach Wschodnich w XIX wieku, 7. Sposoby leczenia cholery w świetle obowiązujących standardów medycznych w XIX wieku. 8. Uczeni w poszukiwaniu sprawcy pandemii cholery oraz aneksu dokumentu z Archiwum Państwowego w Olsztynie ( Relacja doktora Schreibera z 3 lipca 1831 r. opisująca przebieg choroby cholery i metody leczenia grenadiera rosyjskiego przebywającego w zakładzie kwarantanny w Szyrwincie [Schirwindt], powiat pilkalski i żony strażnika o nazwisku Hollstein) w wersji oryginalnej i w tłumaczeniu na język polski. Artykuł ukazuje zarówno wysiłki jak i bezradność ówczesnej medycyny wobec epidemii cholery
Pulp Dimensions as an Indicator of Age in Turkish Subpopulation
Authors: YANIK Deniz , ÖZEL Şelale
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Age prediction is an important factor in the legal process in forensic medicine. This study aims to assess the impact of pulp height and width on dental age prediction.
Materials & Methods: This study consisted of 1000 patients (11-77 years, 500 females and males). The mandibular first molar was assessed on panoramic radiography. Two age estimation methods were applied. The first technique included measurements of pulp length and crown length whereas parameters of the second method were crown width and pulp width. Patients were divided into 4 age groups: Group 1 (between 11 and 18 years), Group 2 (between 19 and 29 years), Group 3; (between 30 and 50 years), Group 4 (between 51 and 77 years). Samples were evaluated by two observers. Multiple linear regression models were performed to predict the chronological age for each indicator. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between chronological age and predicted dental age.
Results: Coefficients of models 1 and 2 were 0.461 and 0.523, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between chronological age and estimated age. The difference between sex is not statistically significant. The age between 30 and 50 years had the highest accuracy, whereas the age between 50 and 77 years had the lowest results among age subgroups.
Conclusion: The parameters based on width provided more reliable outcomes than parameters based on length. The age between 30 to 59 years showed the highest accuracy of the pulp width and the pulp height in dental age prediction.
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and SEM Evaluation of Fractured Instrument Surfaces; Comparison of ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Gold Files
Authors: BARUT Nilgün , ODABAŞI TEZER Emine , ÖZTAN Meltem
Published: April 2022

Purpose:To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal (PTU) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) nickel titanium files at different angles and to examine the fractured surface areas by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: A special static test device made of stainless steel with artificial canals at 3 different angles. The files were rotated until they were broken in artificial canals with 45°, 60° and 90° angles and also the time was recorded using a digital stopwatch. The number of cycles to failure was calculated for each instrument. Statistical analyzes were made by using one-way analysis of variance (Anova) for comparison between main groups. Results: PTG files showed higher fatigue resistance (p
The Prevalence of Radix Paramolaris and Entomolaris in Mandibular Molar Teeth: A Retrospective Study
Authors: GÖKDENİZ Seyide Tuğçe , ÖNDER Merve , ÖZTÜRK Hilal Peker , SAMUNAHMETOĞLU Erçin , EREN Hakan , KURT Hakan
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the frequency of radix paramolaris (RP) and radix entomolaris (RE) in the first and second molars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: The CBCT images of a total of 400 patients at the ages of 14 to 66 were included in the study. On the images that were included, two maxillofacial radiologists simultaneously examined the presence of radix paramolaris and radix entomolaris by using axial CBCT cross-sections from the pulpal chamber towards the apical.
Results: At least one RE or RP was observed in 36 of the 400 patients (9%). A total of 20 RPs (1.25%) were observed, including 2 bilateral and 16 unilateral cases. A total of 38 REs (2.38%) were observed, including 11 bilateral and 16 unilateral cases. There was at least one RE or RP in 16 of the 149 male patients (10.7%) and in 20 of the 251 female patients (8%).
Conclusion: Consequently, while the prevalence and types of third root variations differ between different populations, RE is seen more frequently in mandibular first molar teeth, and RP is seen more frequently in mandibular second molar teeth. No significant relationship could be found between sex and the prevalence of third root variations in mandibular molar teeth images included in this study. No significant difference was found between the right and left sides as the localizations of RP and RE in terms of prevalence.
Keywords: Radix entomolaris; Radix paramolaris; Root canal morphology; Cone-beam CT; Mandibular molar
FORTHCOMING IASE CONFERENCES
Authors: JOLLIFFE FLAVIA R. , GAL IDDO
Published: April 2022

First published November 2004 at Statistics Education Research Journal: Archives
SERJ 2004 REFEREES
Authors: JOLLIFFE FLAVIA R. , GAL IDDO
Published: April 2022

Acknowledgment: We are grateful to the people who acted as referees for the Statistics Education Research Journal in the past year.
First published November 2004 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Principais sequelas bucais da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço
Authors: Fonseca Mariene Barboza da , Vale Michele Cristina Silva do , Silva Renata Carla da , Alencar Sirlei Freitas de , Bernal Silvio Roberto Bruno Galindo , Seroli Wagner
Published: April 2022

Compreender as sequelas orais resultantes do tratamento do câncer na região de cabeça e pescoço é de extrema importância para o cirurgião dentista. Visto que tais condições podem surgir durante, ou após a radioterapia, impactando diretamente a qualidade de vida do paciente. Dentre as complicações da exposição à radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço estão: a xerostomia, disfagia, trismo, osteorradionecrose, mucosite, candidose, e cárie de radiação. Objetivo: Apresentar o que a literatura aborda de mais relevante, e atual a respeito das sequelas bucais da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço e sua relação com a odontologia. Conclusão: A presença, e acompanhamento do cirurgião dentista antes, durante, e após o processo, tende a diminuir os efeitos da exposição à radiação nos tecidos da cavidade oral.
O querer realiza uma separação
Authors: Fabri Marcelo
Published: April 2022

Na fenomenologia de Levinas, o querer é um verdadeiro acontecimento. Ele concretiza (cumpre) uma separação, um existir fora da Totalidade. Sua condição básica é a vida afirmando-se como valor, e não como perseverança na tarefa de ser (característica mais notável do ser instintivo). Em nossa perspectiva, Levinas realiza uma interpretação ética da redução fenomenológica: a “suspensão de teses”, que para Husserl é um ato metodológico necessário e fundacional da fenomenologia, assume, em Levinas, um sentido eminentemente ético. A vontade é o acontecimento do humano como evasão em relação ao ser e à Totalidade.
A dinâmica de instituição de dimensões de experiência perceptiva em Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Saretta Verissimo Danilo
Published: April 2022

Elaboramos, a partir da obra de Merleau-Ponty, uma discussão que, baseada na expressividade do esquema corporal e em seu poder de constituir hábitos sensório-motores, problematiza a potência de transformação da percepção. Orientamo-nos pelo propósito de investigar o delineamento de um ethos dos sentidos fundado na transformação dos esquemas perceptivos. Ao longo do texto, analisamos as dimensões práxicas e intencionais atreladas ao esquema corporal; abordamos o desenvolvimento constante do esquema corporal mediante a aquisição de hábitos sensório-motores; sugerimos o conceito de nível, adotado por Merleau-Ponty a partir da tradição gestaltista, como ferramenta para a compreensão do processo corpóreo de constituição de novos limiares de percepção e de ação no mundo; e, ao final, apresentamos apontamentos para a exploração dos desdobramentos críticos e sociais das investigações merleau-pontianas da percepção calcadas na plasticidade expressiva do esquema corporal.
Perspectives of East Asian patients and physicians on complementary and alternative medicine use for inflammatory bowel disease: results of a cross-sectional, multinational study
Authors: Kim Eun Soo , Tae Chung Hyun , Jung Sung-Ae , Park Dong Il , Im Jong Pil , Eun Chang Soo , Yoon Hyuk , Jang Byung Ik , Ogata Haruhiko , Fukuhara Kayoko , Hirai Fumihito , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Liu Jing , Cao Qian ,   on behalf of the Clinical Research Committee of the Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is prevalent in East Asia. However, information on CAM in East Asian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is scarce. We aimed to profile the prevalence and pattern of CAM use among East Asian IBD patients and to identify factors associated with CAM use. We also compared physicians’ perspectives on CAM.Methods: Patients with IBD from China, Japan, and South Korea were invited to complete questionnaires on CAM use. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected. Logistic regression analysis was applied for predictors of CAM use. Physicians from each country were asked about their opinion on CAM services or products.Results: Overall, 905 patients with IBD participated in this study (China 232, Japan 255, and South Korea 418). Approximately 8.6% of patients with IBD used CAM services for their disease, while 29.7% of patients sought at least 1 kind of CAM product. Current active disease and Chinese or South Korean nationality over Japanese were independent predictors of CAM use. Chinese doctors were more likely to consider CAM helpful for patients with IBD than were Japanese and South Korean doctors.Conclusions: In 8.6% and 29.7% of East Asian patients with IBD used CAM services and products, respectively, which does not differ from the prevalence in their Western counterparts. There is a significant gap regarding CAM usage among different Asian countries, not only from the patients’ perspective but also from the physicians’ point of view.
Drug therapy and monitoring for inflammatory bowel disease: a multinational questionnaire investigation in Asia
Authors: Cai Chenwen , Lu Juntao , Lai Lijie , Song Dongjuan , Shen Jun , Tong Jinlu , Zheng Qing , Wu Kaichun , Qian Jiaming , Ran Zhihua
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising in Asia recently. The study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current status of drug therapy and monitoring for IBD in Asia.Methods: A questionnaire investigation on drug therapy and monitoring for IBD was conducted right before the 6th Annual Meeting of Asian Organization for Crohn’s & Colitis. Questionnaires were provided to Asian physicians to fill out via emails between March and May 2018.Results: In total, responses of 166 physicians from 129 medical centers were included for analysis. Among the surveyed regions, the most average number of IBD specialist gastroenterologists and nurses was 4.8 per center in Taiwan and 2.5 per center in Mainland China, respectively. 5-Aminosalicylic acid/sulfasalazine (99.4%) was the most preferred first-line choice for mild-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), meanwhile corticosteroid (83.7%) was widely applied for severe UC. The first-line medication for Crohn’s disease (CD) markedly varied as corticosteroid (68.1%) was the most favored in Mainland China, Japan, and South Korea, followed by infliximab (52.4%) and azathioprine (47.0%). Step-up strategy was preferred in mild-moderate UC (96.4%), while 51.8% of the physicians selected top-down treatment for CD. Only 25.9% and 17.5% of the physicians could test blood concentration of infliximab and antibody to infliximab in their hospitals, respectively.Conclusions: The current status of drug therapy and monitoring for IBD in Asia possesses commonalities as well as differences. Asian recommendations, IBD specialist teams and practice of therapeutic drug monitoring are required to improve IBD management in Asia.
The Experience of Preparing to Launch the TUMnanoSAT nanosatellite
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bostan Viorel , Bostan Ion ,   Technical University of Moldova, Secrieru Nicolae ,   Technical University of Moldova, Varzaru Vladimir ,   Technical University of Moldova, Melnic Vladimir ,   Technical University of Moldova, Martiniuc Alexei ,   Technical University of Moldova, Ilco Valentin ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a brief overview of TUMnanoSAT's educational and scientific missions, the impact on system design and educational opportunities are presented. The main basic test procedures for the launch of this nanosatellite are described, including the structure, power supply and attitude control. The main mission of TUMnanoSAT is to provide practical experience to students not only in designing, building, but also testing the nanosatellite with various missions.
The Bootsrap Useful for Accounting Researchers?
Authors: Brabazon Tony
Published: April 2022

Over the past 15 years, there has been tremendous interest in the area

of computer-intensive statistical methods. One specific technique whose use has become increasingly widespread is the “bootstrap”. Using the computational power of computers, it is possible to obtain estimates of standard error and bias and to construct confidence intervals for estimators without having to make assumptions about the sample distribution of the estimator. To date, little use of the bootstrap has been made in accounting research primarily because few accounting researchers were aware of its existence. This article provides an intuitive overview of the bootstrap, demonstrates the technique using three examples and provides information regarding the software which is available to implement bootstrapping techniques.
The Impact of Undergraduate Auditing Modules on the Audit Expectations Gap
Authors: Pierce Bernard , Kilcommins Mary
Published: April 2022

Conflicting views have been expressed regarding the role of auditing

education in narrowing the audit expectations gap. This study

investigated whether there is evidence that undergraduate auditing

modules contribute to a narrowing of that part of the expectations gap which results from a misunderstanding ofaudit regulations. Results indicated a significant reduction (at the .05 level) in all elements of the misunderstanding gap for those groups who had studied either a module or a course in auditing but not for other groups. Additional analyses investigated specific elements of the misunderstanding gap. Implications for the profession, education and research are discussed.
Irish Equity Markets: Segmentation and the Provision of Secondary Markets
Authors: Mulligan Christina , Buckland Roger
Published: April 2022

This paper addresses the issue of segmentation of capital markets within the context of the Dublin Stock Exchange. The Dublin Stock Exchange, having moved towards regulatory independence in 1995, was previously an integral part of the International Stock Exchange in London, and Irish firms could choose either a Dublin-only or a joint listing. The authors analyse key characteristics of firms quoted on the Dublin Exchange in 1992 and conclude that there exists evidence of segmentation with differences in characteristic size, gearing and dividend behaviour, and distinctive features of investor profile.
The Effects of BIS Capital Adequacy Ratios on Bank Financing
Authors: Stewart Jim
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the effect of the Bank for International Settlements solvency ratios on bank financing, with particular reference to Irish and UK major clearing banks. The paper discusses the rationale behind bank regulation and in particular capital adequacy ratios. These ratios are a measure of own capital to total assets employed, weighted by risk. Because these ratios are based on accounting numbers, accounting rules will affect the size of both capital and total assets. The paper shows how different accounting rules in the US and UK can result in quite different measures of capital. The paper also examines financial innovation and portfolio adjustments by banks in response to these ratios, and considers some evidence for changes in asset composition in response to risk weightings.
COMPASS a Bank Lending Adviser Expert System
Authors: Sangster Alan , Mulligan Christina
Published: April 2022

The increasing complexity of the financial world, and high levels of losses in the late 1980s and early 1990s, have led the banking sector to question the effectiveness of traditional techniques used to assess the risks inherent in commercial loans - that is, commercial risk. This paper describes the problems associated with theoretical models developed to detect future business failure, namely their emphasis on financial data and their consequent inability to represent the reality of the process of assessing bank commercial risk. It then outlines the development and structure of COMPASS, the Bank of Scotland’s lending adviser expert system which has succeeded in capturing and modelling the inherent risk of the Bank of Scotland’s lending process.
Some Determinants of Student Performance in University Accounting Examinations
Authors: Clarke Peter J.
Published: April 2022

This paper is concerned with one aspect of the efficiency of accounting education, that is the pass/fail performance of students at examinations. The paper initially looks at the two main elements of the admissions policy into Irish universities, namely the CAO preferences and CAO points. In addition, the impact of prior study of accounting on examination performance is investigated.

The results of this study indicate that prior exposure to accounting (categorised between Leaving Certificate, Intermediate Certificate and none at all) was the most significant determinant of performance in first year exams but was of lesser importance in the second year exams.Also, there was a very strong relationship between performance in the mid-course MCQ exam and Summer exams in first year. Overall CAO points were related to overall score but not to pass/fail classification. However, there may be other important (but overlooked) variables which could be used to explain performance.

There are a number of important implications arising from this study for overall admissions policy for Business Studies programmes and the allocation of teaching resources.
Interim Financial Reporting: Theory and Practice in Ireland
Authors: Kirk Robert
Published: April 2022

The paper investigates the accounting theory and practice in the preparation of interim financial statements with particular reference to the current regulatory framework contained within the Stock Exchange requirements.

Recent developments are discussed including the proposals of the Cadbury Report and the ICAEW consultative document to improve the informational content of these reports.

The main part of the paper investigates current practice in Ireland and outlines the weaknesses in the current system and puts forward a number of recommendations that should be seriously considered by a future standard setting body for incorporation into current practice.
Acounting Educators Prepare for the 21st Century
Authors: Sundem Gary L.
Published: April 2022

Accounting education in the United States is in the midst of change, with the Accounting Education Change Commission as a catalyst. This paper explores the forces motivating the changes, the types of changes needed, and the reactions of universities to the need for change. To produce graduates prepared for the accounting profession in the twenty-first century, programmes need to define accounting broadly, teach a process of problem solving, not just knowledge of techniques, rules, and regulations, and create an applicationfor life-long learning.
The Influence of Client Integrity and Competence and Auditor Characteristics on Materiality Estimates
Authors: Bernardi Richard A. , Arnold Donald F.
Published: April 2022

This research investigates the influence of client integrity and competence as well as firm and individual auditor differences on materiality estimates. In a laboratory setting, a case study was administered to 494 auditors (152 managers and 342 seniors) from five Big Six firms. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three client types: high integrity and competence, low integrity and competence, and a control group (no explicit evaluation of client integrity and competence). The results indicate that materiality estimates were influenced by: (1) client integrity and competence, (2) moral judgement, (3) auditor experience, and (4) the individual accounting firms.
Performance Analysis of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms in classifying Breast Cancer
Authors: Shibly FHA. , Sharma Uzzal , MM. Naleer H
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is a severe illness cause of mortality among females. In cancer diagnosis, accurate classification of breast cancer data is critical, and the distinction between malignant and benign tumors can help patients avoid unnecessary procedures. The categorization of breast cancer may also be used to determine the appropriate treatment choices. The categorization of patients into benign and malignant categories is a well-known medical research issue. Machine learning in Artificial Intelligence is commonly employed in predicting these types of cancer because it has the lead of finding important aspects from a medical data gathering. Several empirical types of research have used machine learning and soft computing techniques to treat breast cancer. Many people claim that their algorithms are better than others because they are faster, easier, or more accurate. Therefore, which algorithm is more accurate in classifying breast cancer was the research question. Furthermore, the major purpose of this research project is to calculate and evaluate the performance of SVM and RF algorithms in detecting breast cancer more correctly. The Wisconsin Breast Cancer Data Set (WBCD) is adopted for the empirical analysis. There are a total of 699 instances and 10 qualities to be examined. Based on the Accuracy, Reminder, Precision and F1 values, RF has the higher ratios in all four measurement scales with 92.98%, 93.65%, 88.05% and 90.67%, respectively. Therefore, RFs have the best probability of successfully diagnosing breast cancer.