bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Speed Real-Time Simulators for Engineering Design
Authors: Crosbie R. E. , Hingorani N. G.
Published: March 2021

The use of computer simulations is now an established technique in engineering design. Many of these simulations are used to predict the expected behavior of systems that are not yet built, or of existing systems in modes of operation, such as catastrophic failure, in which it is not feasible to test the real system. Another use of computer simulations is for training and testing purposes in which the simulation is interfaced to real hardware, software and/or a human operator and is required to operate in real-time. Examples are plant simulators for operator training or simulated environments for testing hardware or software components. The primary requirement of a real-time simulation is that it must complete all the calculations necessary to update the simulator outputs as well as all the necessary data I/O within the allotted frame time. Many real-time simulations use frame times in the range of a few milliseconds and greater.There is an increasing number of applications, for example in power electronics and automotive systems, in which much shorter frame rates are required. This paper reviews some of these applications and the approaches to real-time simulation that can achieve frame times in the range 5 to 100 microseconds.
On Orbits of the Ring Zmn under Action of the Group SL(m, Zn)
Authors: Novotný P. , Hrivnák J.
Published: March 2021

We consider the action of the finite matrix group SL(m,Zn ) on the ring Zmn. We determine orbits of this action for n arbitrary natural number. It is a generalization of the task which was studied by A. A. Kirillov for m = 2 and n prime number.
Application of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis in Investigations of Historical Monuments
Authors: Čechák T. , Musílek L. , Trojek T. , Kopecká I.
Published: March 2021

Nuclear techniques and other techniques using ionising radiation represent a valuable tool in non-destructive diagnostics applied to archaeological finds and objects of arts, namely for determining the composition of materials used in the production of artefacts. X-ray fluorescence analysis, both in its energy form and in its wave dispersive form, is one of the most widespread methods using ionising radiation to study the elemental composition of materials. It is frequently used for studies of various cultural and historic relicts and objects of art. This work summarizes the authors’ experience with X-ray fluorescence analysis in investigating historical frescos namely by means of portable provide spectroscopic devices. The results of these measurements information on the composition of the pigments, enable the comparison of processes used in the fabrication of pigments by individual artists, and in many cases offer information on how to repair the damaged parts.
Flow Visualisation by Condensing Steam – an Unusual Method Applied to Development of a Low Reynolds Number Fluidic Selector Valve
Authors: Tippetts J. R. , Tesař V.
Published: March 2021

A visualization method so far not mentioned in the literature has been recently developed by the authors as a useful validation supplement to numerical flowfield computations in the design of microfluidic devices. The method is based upon water vapour condensation on device channel walls. It is extremely easy to set up with minimum expense – and yet it is very reliable. As an application example, the paper shows the method used in study of properties of a microfluidic valve intended for switching gaseous sample flows in a microfluidic selector sampling unit. A scaled-up model of the valve was built, as usual, in transparent acrylic material, making possible observation and photo-recording of the deposition and subsequent drying of the condensed droplets. The scaling-up slowed down the time scale enough for investigating the transition processes which takes place as the flow in the valve is switched on and off.
Die pädagogische Konstitution von Ungleichheit und die Ungleichheit der Pädagogik mit sich selbst
Authors: Kuhn Andreas
Published: March 2021

Andreas Kuhn entwickelt in seinem Beitrag, ausgehend von einer Kritik sonderpädagogischer Historiographie, einen alternativen Zugang zur Geschichte der (Sonder-)Pädagogik, der die Konstitution der Pädagogik bzw. des Pädagogischen in Zusammenhang mit der pädagogischen Thematisierung und Konstitution von Ungleichheit im Horizont der institutionellen, professionellen und disziplinären Ausdifferenzierung der Pädagogik in den Blick nimmt.
Inklusionspfade kategorisierender und dekategorisierender Repräsentanz von Behinderten -Selbsthilfe-Bewegungen
Authors: Wilken Udo
Published: March 2021

Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Behinderten-Selbsthilfe-Bewegungen ist durch die Bildung von indikationsspezifisch kategorisierenden Subgruppen von Gleichbetroffenen gekennzeichnet. Mit ihrer Hilfe wollen behinderte Menschen ihre Bedürfnisse und Interessen an gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe gemeinsam zu artikulieren. Behinderungsspezifische Hilfeleistungen, gesellschaftliche Teilhabe und kollektive Solidarität sollen im günstigen Falle sowohl behinderungsspezifisch kategorisierend wie auch behinderungsübergreifend und damit dekategorisierend für die Gesamtgruppe der von Behinderung betroffene Menschen offensiv eingefordert werden. Erwartet wird eine diskriminierungsfreie Teilhabe als egalitäres Dazugehörig-Sein unter rechtlicher Berücksichtigung der benötigten speziellen Bedarfe und Nachteilsausgleiche. Insofern ist es aufschlussreich die Geschichte der Behinderten-Selbsthilfe-Bewegungen daraufhin zu verfolgen, wie sich die dialektische Spannung von Verallgemeinerung und Besonderung emanzipatorischer Initiativen entwickelt hat.
Mülltheorie
Authors: Thompson Michael
Published: March 2021

Wie kommt es, dass Müll unversehens als Antiquität gehandelt werden kann? Müll ist keine materielle Eigenschaft von Dingen, sondern eine kulturelle Zuschreibung und das Ergebnis eines gesellschaftlichen Codierungsprozesses. Das Verständnis für die Entstehung der Kategorie »Müll« ist eine Grundvoraussetzung, um die Mechanik der fließenden Übergänge zwischen Privatem und Öffentlichem, Informalität und Formalität, Vergänglichem und Dauerhaftem richtig zu beschreiben. Michael Thompsons 1979 erstmals erschienene »Mülltheorie« ist nicht nur ein Klassiker der Cultural Theory, sondern im Zeichen von Klimawandel und Nachhaltigkeitsdiskursen von ungebrochener Aktualität. Dies stellt Thompson zusammen mit Co-Autor M. Bruce Beck in einem unbequemen Nachwort unter Beweis, in dem die Autoren unser Verhältnis zum Wasser analysieren.
Bioethanol Production by Pichia stipitis Immobilized on Water Hyacinth and Thin-Shell Silk Cocoon
Authors: Kirdponpattara Suchata , Chuetor Santi , Sriariyanun Malinee , Phisalaphong Muenduen
Published: March 2021

Cell immobilization technique was applied in this study in order to examine effect of immobilized Pichia stipitis TISTR5806 on bioethanol production. Water hyacinth (WH) and thin-shell silk cocoon (CC) were used as cell carriers. Characteristics of the cell carriers were examined to explain the mechanism of bioethanol production. Carrier sizes and weights were optimized to improve bioethanol production. Moreover, stabilities of immobilized cells and carriers were evaluated. Because of high porosity, high surface area and good swelling ability of WH, cell immobilized on 1 g WH with 1 cm length produced the highest ethanol concentration at 13.3 g/L. Five cycles of a repeated batch of immobilized cell (IC) system on WH showed stable performance in ethanol production (8.2–10.4 g/L) with large numbers of the immobilized cells. The interaction between the immobilized cells and the WH surface were discovered.
Conscience in the light of the Truth and the light of the Good in the context of the necessary correlation of religious studies and natural sciences
Authors: Blakiewicz Katarzyna , Kopiec Maksym Adam
Published: March 2021

Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia korelacji prawdy i dobra w ludzkiej aktywności. Autorzy wskazują sumienie jako subiektywne centrum, w którym osoba ludzka weryfikuje swoją pozycję w relacji do Absolutu jako źródła wartości, włączając absolutną Prawdę i Dobro. Odróżniają prawdę od Prawdy i dobro od Dobra, wyjaśniając różnicę: dobro i prawda odnoszą się do fragmentu rzeczywistości ludzkiej, środowiska i ludzkiej aktywności twórczej; Dobro i Prawda odnoszą się do absolutnej kategorii wartości jako fundamentu etycznej weryfikacji działań osoby. Analiza jest oparta na per- sonalistycznej antropologii Karola Wojtyły / Jana Pawła II — autora teorii zależności jakości bytu osobowego od moralnej jakości czynu osoby jako autonomicznego podmiotu, który działa w ‘bla- sku’/jasności/świetle Dobra i Prawdy. Pokazują skutki zakłócenia harmonii między światem osoby i światem wartości, dotykające jakości struktur społecznych i ekonomicznych.
Wiara kształtowana przez Objawienie. Refleksja nad wiarą jako „adekwatną odpowiedzią”
Authors: Małyga Maciej
Published: March 2021

Faith is not man’s own project, but his adequate response to Revelation, the personal self-giving of God in history. Because the initiative of Revelation is an absolute condition for the possibil- ity of faith, it gives faith a concrete shape — the specific features of Revelation shape the way faith is formed. The first feature of Revelation is the fact that the Word of God spoke in the human word, that is why faith is not a direct view of the Divine, but it is carried out by reception of what is immanent. The next feature of Revelation is the dialectic of the self-revealing and self-veiling of God. Faith in a natural way is thus stirred with questions, it cannot be manipulated and possessed. The third feature of Revelation, the one that most affects the specific shape of faith, is the fact that it was ultimately accomplished by the Divine Person of the Logos who accepted human nature. Historically becoming the person of Jesus Christ, who is the “universale concretum”, and living in a specific time and space, he embodies in himself the ultimate saving will of God for every human being. The bond with the saving God is accomplished through a bond with Jesus Christ, present today in his Body, which is the Church.
La tenerezza: una risorsa nella famiglia
Authors: Trębski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

The origin of the current family crisis does not consist exclusively of factors external to the family, but above all in the lack of internal resources that support and solidify the family from within. In the context of marriage institution crisis and recent transformation of the concept of the family, it is important to reflect on the appropriate remedies to deal with this situation. The article tries to present tenderness as an important factor in restoring balance within the family. For the members of a family it is important to be able to express tenderness through the language of the body. This makes their relationships more authentic and expresses their commitment to building strong and lasting family ties. The last part of the article is an attempt to outline the basic features of the spirituality of tenderness in order to give the family new strength and stability.
Epoch-based commit and replication in distributed OLTP databases
Authors: Lu Yi , Yu Xiangyao , Cao Lei , Madden Samuel
Published: March 2021

Many modern data-oriented applications are built on top of distributed OLTP databases for both scalability and high availability. Such distributed databases enforce atomicity, durability, and consistency through
two-phase commit
(2PC) and
synchronous replication
at the granularity of every single transaction. In this paper, we present COCO, a new distributed OLTP database that supports epoch-based commit and replication. The key idea behind COCO is that it separates transactions into epochs and treats a whole epoch of transactions as the commit unit. In this way, the overhead of 2PC and synchronous replication is significantly reduced. We support two variants of optimistic concurrency control (OCC) using physical time and logical time with various optimizations, which are enabled by the epoch-based execution. Our evaluation on two popular benchmarks (YCSB and TPC-C) show that COCO outperforms systems with fine-grained 2PC and synchronous replication by up to a factor of four.
Analyzing and mitigating data stalls in DNN training
Authors: Mohan Jayashree , Phanishayee Amar , Raniwala Ashish , Chidambaram Vijay
Published: March 2021

Training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is resource-intensive and time-consuming. While prior research has explored many different ways of reducing DNN training time, the impact of
input data pipeline
, i.e., fetching raw data items from storage and performing data pre-processing in memory, has been relatively unexplored. This paper makes the following contributions: (1) We present the first comprehensive analysis of how the input data pipeline affects the training time of widely-used computer vision and audio Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), that typically involve complex data pre-processing. We analyze nine different models across three tasks and four datasets while varying factors such as the amount of memory, number of CPU threads, storage device, GPU generation etc on servers that are a part of a large production cluster at Microsoft. We find that in many cases, DNN training time is dominated by
data stall time
: time spent waiting for data to be fetched and pre-processed. (2) We build a tool, DS-Analyzer to precisely measure data stalls using a differential technique, and perform predictive what-if analysis on data stalls. (3) Finally, based on the insights from our analysis, we design and implement three simple but effective techniques in a data-loading library, CoorDL, to mitigate data stalls. Our experiments on a range of DNN tasks, models, datasets, and hardware configs show that when PyTorch uses CoorDL instead of the state-of-the-art DALI data loading library, DNN training time is reduced significantly (by as much as 5X on a single server).
Soft Modeling of Military Expenditure, Income Inequality, and Profit Rate, 1988–2008
Authors: Elveren Adem Yavuz , Taşıran Ali Cevat
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the nexus of military expenditure, income inequality, and profit rate, applying the non-parametric technique of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) to 21 countries for 1988–2008. The findings suggest that military expenditure has a positive effect on income inequality while income inequality has a positive impact on profit rate. In contrast, military expenditure has a (relatively small) positive effect on profit rate. However, these results change significantly once unobserved heterogeneity is considered. Accordingly, based on four segments, although the positive effect of income inequality on profit rate remains the same for each segment, for some segments, the effect of military expenditure on income inequality and profit rate become negative.
Functional logical semiotics of natural language
Authors: Odrowąż-Sypniewska Joanna
Published: March 2021

In the first part of my paper I briefly present Jerzy Pelc’s functional approach to logical semiotics of natural language. This approach focuses on the use of natural language expressions and on its dependence on context and conversational situation. One of the important goals of this analysis is to appreciate the role of sentences in natural language and stress that it is by means of sentences that language fulfills its main roles. However, for Pelc almost any expression can be used as a sentence, despite not being a grammatical sentence. In the second part I try to place Pelc’s standpoint within the framework of contemporary semantic minimalism – contextualism debate. I pay special attention to his treatment of subsentential expressions used to express propositions and argue that his view belongs to pragmatics-oriented approaches to subsentential speech acts.
Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy in Turkey and the effect of the sunlight: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yakar Burkay , Kaya Mehmet Onur
Published: March 2021

Objectives

vitamin D deficiency is a common and important problem during pregnancy. vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy can cause serious health problems for both mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for studies that assessed vitamin D status during pregnancy in the Turkey and affects of the sunlight on Vitamin D deficiency.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on vitamin D deficiency among pregnancy. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Turkey citation index databases were searched between January 2010 and October 2019 was undertaken using keywords for ‘Vitamin D deficiency’ and ‘Pregnancy’ and ‘Turkey’ with English language restrictions imposed.

Results

A total of 66 studies were identified; 14 were included in the review. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy was 83%, including all studies regardless of time in Turkey. When evaluated seasonal period, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 73% in pregnant women in the sunny period, while it was 90% in the less sunny period.

Conclusions

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in pregnancy and is a major public health problem in Turkey. Turkey specific strategies should be developed for reducing vitamin D deficiency prevalence by investigation of risk factors and protective factors of vitamin D deficiency.
Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Honduras
Authors: Pato Enrique
Published: March 2021

This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic (and lexical) features found in present Honduran Spanish, a lesser-known Central American variety. Text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns and adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, and illustrates with examples taken both from formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use ofcon todo yand the pluralization of impersonalhaber― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of -adaand -ecosuffixes,algotropronoun and expletivelo― in present-day Honduran Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar.
Ermittlung und Bewertung von Einsatzpotenzialen der Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration
Authors: Petzoldt Christoph , Keiser Dennis , Siesenis Henrik , Beinke Thies , Freitag Michael
Published: March 2021

Aufgrund des starken Kostendrucks sowie der immer weiter steigenden Variantenvielfalt stellt die Kollaboration von Mensch und Roboter einen möglichen Lösungsvektor für weitere Flexibilisierungs- und Rationalisierungspotenziale in der Montage dar. Die gezielte Ermittlung und Bewertung von Einsatzpotenzialen bildet in der Praxis die Grundlage für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von kollaborativen Robotern. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Vorgehensmodell für die methodische Analyse des Einsatzes von kollaborativen Robotern in Montageszenarien vorgeschlagen und evaluiert.*)
Vereinfachung der Roboterintegration für KMU
Authors: Deckers Jana , Jaenicke Matthias , Ovtcharova Jivka
Published: March 2021

Die Nachfrage nach flexiblen robotikbetriebenen Bearbeitungszellen wächst als Reaktion auf den Fachkräftemangel. Jedoch ist die Integration dieser Systeme in die eigene Produktion sehr aufwändig. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein Framework entwickelt, welches eine durchgängige Prozesskette zwischen Planung und Ausführung sowie der automatisierten Integration von Sensordaten, insbesondere von 3D-Scans, ermöglicht. Validiert wurde das System durch dessen Einsatz als automatisierte Lösung für die Entgratung von Gussteilen.*)
Eine automatisierungsgerechte robuste Produktionsplanung
Authors: Brützel Oliver , Küppers Florian , Overbeck Leonard , Stricker Nicole , Verhaelen Bastian , Lanza Gisela
Published: March 2021

Bedingt durch volatile und neue Rahmenbedingen wird es für Unternehmen wichtiger, ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit durch den effizienten Einsatz ihrer Ressourcen im globalen Produktionsnetzwerk abzusichern und verschiedene denkbare Entwicklungen zu berücksichtigen. Hierzu wird ein Verfahren entwickelt, das dies für ein Problem der integrierten Auftragsallokation und Netzwerkkonfiguration ermöglicht. Die Berücksichtigung von Auftragsunsicherheit im entwickelten Verfahren ist heuristisch und basiert auf einer Prognose zukünftig denkbarer Szenarien. Aufbauend auf den szenariospezifischen Lösungen eines linearen Optimierungssystems werden Entscheidungen identifiziert, die die Robustheit der Planung steigern. Diese Entscheidungen werden fixiert und in einem Anwendungsfall bezüglich der ursprünglichen, nicht robusten Planung in verschiedenen Szenarien bewertet.**
Mobiles Plug-In Labor
Authors: Schneider Benjamin , Schüle Stephan , Kürümlüoglu Mehmet , Riedel Oliver
Published: March 2021

Das mobile Plug-In Labor demonstriert Technologien und methodische Ansätze aus dem Advanced Systems Engineering in einer mobilen Umgebung. Hiermit werden aktuelle Herausforderungen in Engineering und Produktion adressiert und ein optimiertes, digital durchgängiges, interdisziplinäres und agiles Entwickeln von komplexen Systems of Systems aufgezeigt. Das Labor stellt eine eigenständige Forschungsumgebung auf Basis des am Fraunhofer IAO entstehenden Cognitive Engineering and Production Labors dar.**
Nach Lean ist vor Industrie 4.0?
Authors: Beiner Sebastian , Schäfer Arndt , Kinkel Steffen
Published: March 2021

Während wachsender Wettbewerbsdruck und volatile Anforderungen das produzierende Gewerbe in Deutschland zunehmend vor Herausforderungen stellen, verspricht insbesondere die Verknüpfung von Industrie 4.0 und Lean Production Abhilfe. Auf Basis der Angaben von Vorreiterunternehmen wird ein Einführungsmuster beider Konzepte beschrieben, das hohen Nutzen für Unternehmen birgt und die Interdependenzen zwischen beiden Konzepte sinnvoll berücksichtigt. Davon ausgehend werden weitere Handlungsempfehlungen aufgeführt, die eine erfolgreiche Einführung beider Konzepte versprechen.*
Methodik zur monetären Bewertung von Serviceplattformen
Authors: Hartner Fabian , Kerker Sebastian , Bodendorf Frank , Kirchner Markus , Uebler Moritz , Franke Jörg
Published: March 2021

Um industrielle Services zeit- und ortsunabhängig realisieren zu können, werden zunehmend digitale, datenbasierte Dienstleistungen auf Online-Plattformen angeboten. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird eine Methodik zur monetären Bewertung unterschiedlicher Funktionalitäten von Serviceplattformen vorgestellt, die auch zusätzliche plattform-spezifische Effekte, wie z. B. der Value Co-Creation, beinhaltet. Anwender der Methodik erhalten ein Berechnungswerkzeug, das neben Einsparungen für den Plattformbetreiber auch den Mehrwert für den Kunden bei Interaktionen beachtet.*
PARAPROBİYOTİKLER, POSTBİYOTİKLER VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: UĞUR Esra , ÖNER Zübeyde , BEKTAS Atilla , ULUSOY Meltem
Published: March 2021

İnsan gastrointestinal kanalı (GIT), sindirimde, immünolojide ve bazı hastalıkların oluşumunda önemli rol oynayan zengin, karmaşık bir mikrobiyota içerir. Normal şartlar altında, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bileşimi kararlıdır. Ancak diyetteki değişiklikler, bazı ilaçların kullanımı ve stres gibi faktörler nedeniyle mikrobiyotanın bileşimi değişebilir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasını düzenlemek amacıyla yeterli miktarda alındıklarında konağa fayda sağlayan bakteri ve maya gibi canlı mikroorganizmalar olarak tanımlanan probiyotiklerin, gıda şeklinde ya da gıda takviyesi olarak alınması günümüzde yaygın ve bilinen bir yöntemdir. Son yıllarda, cansız (inaktif) mikroorganizmalar olan paraprobiyotiklerin veya canlı bakterilerden salınan ya da bakteriyel parçalanma sonrasında ortaya çıkan metabolik yan ürünler olan postbiyotiklerin, probiyotikler yerine alternatif olarak kullanımı söz konusudur. Paraprobiyotik ve postbiyotikler uygulandıkları konakçıda tıpkı probiyotikler gibi başta bağırsak sağlığını düzenleme ve immün sistemini güçlendirme gibi birçok sağlık etkileri göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, probiyotikler yerine kullanılabilecek ve benzer sağlık etkileri sağlayabilen paraprobiyotikler ve postbiyotikler ile ilgili çalışmalar derlenmiştir.
Nexus Between Urban Green Streets and the Sustainability: Case on Khulna City Corporation (KCC) Area, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md. Nazmul , Siddika Sharmin , Sresto Mizbah Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Rapid Urbanization in Bangladesh has created a negative impact on the ecosystem and it’s resulting a change in the climate. In this research, Khulna City Corporation (KCC) is chosen to be the study area. The main objective of this study is to propose feasible models of green streets to reduce environmnetal pollution. Then it proposes green belts to alleviate the effect of harmful gases while maintaining ecological balance to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11th goal. The study is completed in three phases. Firstly, Land Use Land Cover (LULC) detection and public opinion survey was conducted considering the existing scenario. Secondly, green street system was proposed in different intersection points, highways and neighborhoods of Khulna city on the basis of some successful cases and finally a conceptual framework for achieving SDG’s 11th goal is shown. This research shows that about 5% vegetation has decreased over the last 20 years. Also it shows the total amount of carbon-di-oxide (CO2) that can be consumed by big trees after 10 years is approximately 32,340 kg per year. The total amount of CO2 that can be consumed by shrubs is 34,810 kg per year. According to user satisfaction survey more than 90% people like the idea of green street and more than 60% people thinks that using the streets will be more convenient after its implementation. The successful adoption of green streets will help to achieve livable and healthy communities and also it will push the urban area towards sustainability by achieving SDG’s 11th goal.
Poziom wiedzy i nawyki personelu jako czynniki wpływające na poprawność realizacji higieny rąk w obszarze medycznym
Authors: Cichońska Małgorzata , Maciąg Dorota
Published: March 2021

Hand hygiene continues to be the most important part of the strategy to combat healthcare associated infections and the first step in reducing them. Hand hygiene procedures are fully performed by less than half of healthcare workers and research confirms a low compliance coefficient for hygiene (at the level of 1.4–6). The list of factors influencing the adherence to hand hygiene routine protocols (as per WHO guidelines) includes factors related to poor hand hygiene practices, poor hand hygiene practices reported by staff and additional perceived obstacles to good hand hygiene. The following are the barriers and reasons why healthcare workers do not sufficiently adhere to the correct technique of washing and disinfecting hands: forgetting to perform this procedure, excessive workload, haste during routine care activities, lack of a pattern of behavior among other employees and superiors, lack of habits, as well as a shortage of disinfectants and disposable towels in patient rooms, or irritation of the skin of the hands caused by the disinfectant. To sum up, it can be concluded that hand hygiene is and will be an issue that requires continuous action and permanent education of healthcare personnel and recipients of healthcare services. The list of factors causing poor hand hygiene is quite long. It includes, among others, the level of knowledge and habits of medical personnel and requires constant updating, as in the place of confirmed and verified reasons for low rates, newer ones which are specific for the current situation, will appear.
Magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection in a nanofluid filled tubular enclosure
Authors: Mokaddes Ali Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Mixed convection flow in a tubular enclosure filled with nanofluid in the presence of a magnetic field is numerically investigated in the present study. The bottom and top curved wall of the enclosure are respectively kept isothermally hot and cool while the remaining walls are insulated. The governing equations are formulated based on Boussinesq assumptions and solved with finite element method. The computation is carried out for mixed convection regime (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10) and also natural convection regime (10 < Ri ≤ 100) with fixed values of remaining parameters. A detailed parametric discussion is presented for the physical properties of flow and temperature distributions in terms of streamlines, isotherms, average heat transfer rate within the flow domain. The results show that the flow and temperature fields affected by varying of pertinent parameters. Moreover, heat transfer rate is increased by 139.50% with the increase in Richardson number from 0.1 to 100. The increasing rate of heat transfer due to Ri is respectively decreased by 58.11% with varying of Ha from 0 to 60 and increased by 23.97% with the addition of nanoparticles up to 3%. Comparison is performed against the previously published results on the basis of special cases and found to be in excellent agreement.
Diversity of Mentorship to Increase Diversity in Academic Pediatrics
Authors: Orr Colin J. , McLaurin-Jiang Skyler , Jamison Shaundreal D.
Published: March 2021

In this article, three Black academic physicians share their perspective on the importance of mentorship on their career development
Effects of heat stress on the immune responses of chickens subjected to thermal manipulation in the pre-hatch period
Authors: Kőrösi Molnár Andrea , Kőrösi László , Balázs Bence , Gáspárdy András
Published: March 2021

Heat stress affects the performance of poultry species and also induces immunosuppression. Chickens can be treated by thermal conditioning to have better heat stress tolerance. Our purpose was to determine the effect of acute heat stress on the immune response, i.e. antibody production against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and change in the proportion of leukocyte components, in chicks subjected to prenatal heat conditioning. Eighty as-hatched broiler chicks from the same parent stock were used: control (40 chicks incubated at 36.7 °C from days 18–20 of embryonic life) and thermally manipulated (TM) (40 chicks incubated at 38.4 °C from day 18–20 of embryonic life; 4 h/day). The chickens were exposed to heat stress: at day 19 (31 °C/8 h) and at day 35 (32 °C/10 h). The first heat stress (day 19) decreased the lymphocyte counts and significantly increased the heterophil counts (P < 0.05) in both treatments (from 34.25 to 55% in the controls and from 37 to 60.06% in the TM chicks). The second heat stress (day 35) did not alter the heterophil and lymphocyte profiles of the chickens. Before the heat stress, all of the chickens (control and TM) presented the same positive antibody titres to NDV vaccination. After the first heat stress, 50% of the control samples and 40% of samples from the TM chickens were negative. After the second heat stress, 80% of the TM samples were negative.
Dynamics of index of immune system after prevention of disorders in menopause of women with hyperproliferative processes of reproductive system
Authors:   Donetsk National Medical University, Liman, Ukraine, Butina L.I.
Published: March 2021

The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention of disorders in menopause of women with hyperproliferative processes of reproductive system (HPPRS) on the basis of investigations of the index of immune system. Materials and methods. The substitutive hormone prevention (SHP) of neurovegetative and psycho-emotional disorders in menopause (NVPDM) was conducted among 60 women aged 40 to 53 with the signs of HPPRS according to the data of ultrasound uterine and the results of histological investigations of mucosal scrapings of the uterus. and the appointment of combine estrogen-gestogen preparation with composition of valerat of estradiol and dienogest drug according to contraceptive scheme, immune response modifier with acid acridonucsusna and N metilglukamini, suppositories with inteferonum recombinant alfa 2b. To evaluate the effectiveness of prevention of HPPRS the index of the immune system was tested: the level of immunoglobulin A, G, M, (IgA, IgG, IgM) of interleukin 1.2 (IL-1, IL-2), of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) before and after prophylaxis with the use of immunofermentic method were determined. The control group included 30 women of the same age category without NVPDM and HPPRS. Results. Women with premenopause HPPRS have 38% of IgA, 21% of IgG, 37% of IgM level up, IL-1 – 2.6 times, IL-2 – 2.6 times up and TNF 47% up (р<0.05), compared with healthy women. After SHP use among women with preserving menstrual function (n=24) the levels of IL-1decreased in 2.4 times, IL – for 43%, TNF for 28%; (р<0.05). Among women with the development of menopause (n=36) – Ig A level decreased to 34%, Ig G – to 37%, IL2 to 15% in comparison with the indices before the prophylaxis.was conducted (р<0,05), The symptoms of NVPDM among 40% women disappeared. Conclusions. The use of SHP of NVPDM among women with HPPRS reduces the exertion of immunologic reaction and reduces the risk of denutrition of their compensatiory possibilities. and allows to liquidate NVPDM for 40% of women in the period of premenopause. Key words: menopausal disorders, hyperproliferative processes of reproductive system, prevention, immune system.
The experience of using dietary supplements Valesan in the treatment of primary algodysmenorrhea in adolescent girls
Authors:   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Starover A.V. , Konkov D.G. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Bulavenko O.V. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Markevych B.A. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Poltorak Y.V. ,   Vinnytsya Regional Drug Treatment Center Sociotherapy, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The objective: to assess the clinical efficacy of dietary supplements Valesan in the treatment of primary algodysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. Materials and methods. The study involved 58 adolescent girls with primary algodysmenorrhea (30 patients in clinical group and 28 girls of the comparison group). Adolescent girls of the clinical group, in addition to the standard treatment of primary algodysmenorrhea, also received the dietary supplements Valesan. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, an analysis of complaints, a comprehensive physical, gynecological examination, pelvic ultrasound, an assessment of the rate of anxiety and depression with a hospital HADS scale in dynamics, an insomnia assessment according to Levine Ya.I. (1995) in dynamics, observation during 3 months of treatment in a row, drug tolerance analysis. Results. Valesan’s own experience in the complex treatment of primary algodysmenorrhea in adolescent girls was showed that add of Valesan to the basic therapy positively affects the psycho-emotional state of patients, improves sleep, reduces anxiety and improves mood, facilitates the course of the disease. Admission Valesan was demonstrated good tolerability and absolute safety in appointment. Conclusion. The positive influence of the dietary supplements Valesan on the psycho-emotional state in primary algodysmenorrhea therapy in girls of pubertal age, good tolerability, absence of side effects and high clinical efficacy do it possible to recommend its use in the health care system in the complex treatment of this pathology. Key words: primary algodysmenorrhea, girls of pubertal age, psycho-emotional state, anxiety, insomnia, Valesan.
Characteristics of markers of metabolic syndrome and features of the course of early gestation in pregnant women with the threat of miscarriage, depending on the body weight of the pregnant woman
Authors:   Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Dnipro, Ukraine, Duka Yu.M.
Published: March 2021

The article gives a scientific and practical justification for the expansion of the diagnostic algorithm in pregnant women with the threat of miscarriage, taking into account the woman’s phenotype. The objective: was to study the basic patterns of the formation and disruption of the reproductive system in pregnant women with overweight and obesity and to evaluate possible criteria for the formation of endocrine and metabolic disorders for the timely diagnosis and prevention of perinatal complications in pregnant women, depending on their phenotype. Materials and methods. Clinical groups comprised 175 pregnant women of different body weight (120 women with overweight and obesity, who were observed from a small gestation period on the basis of the department of fetal medicine and the pathology of early pregnancy of the communal institution «Dnepropetrovsk Regional Perinatal Center with a hospital» in the city of Dnepr (I clinical group) and 55 pregnant women with normal body weight (II clinical group – comparison group)). Results. The dependence of the detection of menstrual cycle disorders in women with overweight and obesity is 1.5 times more often than in women with normal weight. The course of early gestation was analyzed. The necessity of lipid and carbohydrate profile estimation in these patients is substantiated. Authentic criteria of violations of carbohydrate metabolism are specified. Сonclusion. It is necessary to move from the assessment of the effects of obesity to the «Body Mass Index-Oriented Approach» to the assessment based on the «complicity approach». This will make it possible to individualize therapeutic tactics in pregnant women depending on their phenotype and reduce the incidence of gestational complications and perinatal losses. Key words: phenotype, pregnancy, loss of pregnancy, obesity, phenotype, carbohydrate profile, lipid profile, hormonal characteristics.
Russian Universities After the Pandemic: Ways of Transformation
Authors: Sorokin Sergey
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the key challenges faced by Russian higher education during the pandemic and the prospects for its further development. The article highlights the key problems of higher education that have arisen in connection with the pandemic situation (reduced academic mobility, weakened partnerships, inability to complete research on time, reduced number of applicants, suspension of educational activities), examines the actions of governments and measures taken by universities to adapt to work in the context of the pandemic (development of appropriate legislation, provision of consulting and financial assistance, measures to support foreign students who found themselves in the country during the pandemic, etc.). Hypotheses are put forward regarding the ways of transformation of university education in the "post-covid" period, possible trends are proposed, including digitalization, changes in the content of the educational process, scientific activity, increasing the social role and the "third mission" of universities. The problems of online education, the development of digital technologies and new forms of education by teachers and students, and the creation of a new system of social and educational work corresponding to new educational formats are considered. Conclusions are drawn that the Russian higher education system as a whole has managed to overcome the difficulties that have arisen. The situation of the pandemic, on the one hand, has accelerated a number of transformational processes that began in the higher education system before it, and on the other – has revealed new challenges, the solution of which is necessary for the effective functioning of universities in force majeure situations. We should not expect a complete return of universities to the "pre-covid" situation, since certain mechanisms have been launched to accelerate the modernization of domestic higher education.
Variáveis relacionadas à repetição de tentativa de suicídio: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Andrade Maria Vanesse
Published: March 2021

Revisão sistemática de estudos publicados nos últimos 20 anos para identificar variáveis associadas à repetição de tentativas de suicídio.  Foi conduzida uma busca de artigos publicados a partir de 2000 nos portais PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, por meio das palavras: tentativa de suicídio, suicídio, repetição e recorrência.  Foram extraídas informações referente a data de publicação, população, local, meios de coleta utilizados e variáveis associadas. Os dados foram posteriormente organizados em categorias de análise. No total 23 estudos foram selecionados e revisados. Houve maior correspondência para repetição em pessoas que já haviam tentado um suicídio. Transtorno mental e o uso abusivo de substâncias, apareceram em seguida. Resultados apontaram a tentativa de suicídio como a variável mais associada a novas tentativas de suicídio e suicídio. Sugere-se com base nos achados que ações preventivas podem ter maior impacto se iniciadas antes da apresentação da primeira tentativa de suicídio. Já em populações com histórico de tentativa de suicídio ou com múltiplas tentativas, são sustentadas que intervenções focadas na adesão e monitoramento de risco desde a alta-hospitalar até seguimento ambulatorial podem ser críticas para prevenir novas tentativas e consequentemente o índice de suicídios.
One-step deposition of stable superhydrophobic coatings with controllable wettability
Authors: Chen Dexin , Sheng Yinying , Kang Zhixin , Li Wei
Published: March 2021

A superhydrophobic coating was prepared on copper (Cu) foam by a one-step chemical deposition technique. The as-prepared coated copper foam displayed excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle of ∼153.5° and water sliding angle of ∼1°) with a typical surface micro–nano rough structure at a deposition temperature of 60°C and a deposition time of 20 min. The film was composed of cuprous sulfide (Cu2S) and copper tetradecanoate, which revealed the reaction mechanism. The as-prepared superhydrophobic copper foam maintained its superhydrophobicity under harsh environmental conditions (alkaline, weakly acidic, salty, long-term storage and mechanical abrasion). The as-prepared surface was still superhydrophobic after 600 mm abrasion, with a contact angle above 150.2 ± 0.2° and a sliding angle below 10°. Through the method of heat treatment and the modification of myristic acid, the surface achieved a rapid transition in wettability, with the contact angle maintaining stability for 20 cycles. The superhydrophobic film was repeatedly soaked in a mud–water mixture 20 times, and it remained silt-free, indicating excellent self-cleaning and antifouling features. More importantly, the modified copper foam can effectively separate a series of oil–water mixtures with high efficiency (>94%) even after five cycles. Thus, the presented superhydrophobic material with dual functionality is a promising candidate for application in efficient oil–water separation.
‘A Budding Morrow in Midnight’: Facing Challenges and Embracing Opportunities during Lockdown at the Keats-Shelley House Museum in Rome
Authors: Albano Giuseppe
Published: March 2021

Giuseppe Albano discusses the activities of the Keats-Shelley House, Rome during the period of lockdown in Italy.
Continuous Clarification of Barberry Juice with Pectinase Immobilised by Oxidised Polysaccharides
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Saeid , Khodaiyan Faramarz , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Azimi Seyedeh Zahra
Published: March 2021

Research background. Barberry juice is a rich source of bioactive compounds and shows different health properties such as antioxidant and anticancer activities. Clarification, as the removal process of suspended material, is an important step in the production of fruit juice due to its significant effect on the appearance, flavour and commercialisation of juice. Pectinase is the most important enzyme applied in juice clarification that breaks down the pectin polymer structure and reduces the undesirable turbidity. Pectinase immobilisation is a way to overcome free enzyme drawbacks such as instability, high cost, the difficulty of recovery and recyclability. Also, continuous clarification process which is highly preferred in fruit juice industry is not possible without enzyme immobilisation.

Experimental approach. Pectinase enzymes were immobilised on the functionalised glass beads (glass bead with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane) by glutaraldehyde, polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran, and the barberry juice was clarified in the batch and continuous process in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Also, the effect of clarification on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the barberry juice samples was evaluated.

Results and conclusions. The optimum conditions for clarification in the PBR were: flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, temperature 50 °C and treatment time 63 min. Clarification led to a decrease in turbidity, pH, total soluble solid content, viscosity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the juice samples. Also, this process increased the clarity, acidity, reducing sugar concentration and the lightness parameter of the barberry juice. The greatest effect of clarification on the studied properties of barberry juice was related to the pectinase immobilised by the polyaldehyde of kefiran in the continuous process and both new cross-linkers (polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran) immobilised the enzyme better than the common cross-linker (glutaraldehyde).

Novelty and scientific contribution. For the first time, barberry juice was clarified with pectinase immobilised by polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran and the obtained results showed that the pectinase immobilisation by these new cross-linkers was much more efficient than by the glutaraldehyde as common cross-linker. These findings can be of use for an industrialised production of fruit juices.
Immunofluorescence on FFPE tissue sections from inflamed and non-inflamed human gut v1
Authors: J Porter Ross , J Smith Katie , Ho Gwo-Tzer , Gwyer Findlay Emily
Published: March 2021

Analysis of immunofluorescence is commonly confounded by autofluorescence and non-specific staining in the colorectum, particularly within highly inflamed samples. There is no consensus on how to definitively prevent this, and study protocols are variable. Our laboratory identified strong immunofluorescence within negative control samples stained for numerous target antigens, including CD3. Following methodical attempts to ensure there was no reagent contamination, we concluded that this was autofluorescence/ non-specific staining. Significant optimisation was subsequently performed. In this protocol, we report our optimised methodology for immunofluorescence experiments on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections, stained for identification of CD3+ lymphocytes. We hope this protocol acts as a template to help other laboratories optimise their own immunofluorescence protocols for similar antibodies.
Prospects for the Development of Alternative Hydropower in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Fediy Konstantin S. , Vstovskiy Sergey A. , Fedorchenko Igor S. , Spirin Evgeny A.
Published: March 2021

The disadvantage of hydroelectric dams is the flooding and a material breach of the ecology of the region, therefore the use of such hydroelectric power station is reasonable when no alternative method of providing the required power. In this regard, in most cases, it is advisable to use free-flow microelectric power plants. Free-threaded micro hydropower plants constitute a power unit mounted in the flow of the river. The main difference between free-flow microelectric power plants and dams is the use of kinetic energy of the flow, rather than potential. This makes it possible to eliminate the need for earthworks and the construction of additional hydraulic structures. Free-threaded micro hydropower plants can be grouped, forming a cascade of micro hydro. In order to increase the reliability of free-flow microelectric power plants, the design tends to use low-speed generators with rotation speeds from 140 to 650 rpm, which can significantly simplify or completely eliminate the transmission mechanism