bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot synthesis of bimetallic Fe–Cu metal–organic frameworks composite for the elimination of organic pollutants via peroxymonosulphate activation
Authors: Fdez-Sanromán Antía , Rosales Emilio , Pazos Marta , Sanromán Angeles
Published: October 2023

A series of bimetallic of FeCu metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesised using a solvothermal process by varying the ratio between the two metals. Further, the bimetallic MOF catalysts were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy techniques. Their catalytic properties for activation of peroxymonosulphate (PMS) have been tested by the removal of a model dye, rhodamine B. As a result, NH2–Fe2.4Cu1-MOF demonstrated the highest degradation, the effect of the ratio NH2–Fe2.4Cu1-MOF/PMS has been studied, and the main reactive species have been assessed. The application of these MOFs in powder form is difficult to handle in successive batch or flow systems. Thus, this study assessed the feasibility of growing NH2–Fe2,4Cu1-MOF on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) spheres using the one-pot solvothermal synthesis method. The optimisation of the catalytic activity of the synthesised composite (NH2–Fe2.4Cu1-MOF@PAN) has been evaluated by response surface methodology using a central composite face-centred experimental design matrix and selecting as independent variables: time, PMS concentration, and catalyst dosage. Based on the results, the optimisation of the operational conditions has been validated. At 2.5 mM PMS, 90 min, and 1.19 g·L−1 of catalyst dosage, maximum degradation (80.92%) has been achieved, which doubles the removal values obtained in previous studies with other MOFs. In addition, under these conditions, the catalyst has been proven to maintain its activity and stability for several cycles without activity loss.

Graphical Abstract
Analysis of entrepreneurs’ motivations and role models for growth expectations in the time of coronavirus
Authors: Calvo Nuria , Neira Isabel , Atrio Yago
Published: October 2023

The change in life and professional conditions in 2020 has impacted the growth expectations of new firms. Based on a sample of more than 20,000 people coming from the Spanish Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for 2019 and 2020, we analyze the effect of entrepreneurs’ motivations and social role models on the growth expectations of new firms using a binomial logit model. The results show that, as a consequence of the institutional conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurs only take into consideration the economic projections of the new firm in order to take the risk of hiring employees in the early stage of the firm’s creation. However, experienced entrepreneurs involved in the consolidating stage of the entrepreneurial process have more ambitious motivations, and take advantage of their knowledge derived from peer role models in order to face the new opportunities arising during the pandemic. The effect of motivations and role models on firms’ growth also differ between men and women.
Plastic Flow Instability in 304 Austenitic Stainless Steels at Room Temperature
Authors: Tabin J. , Nalepka K. , Kawałko J. , Brodecki A. , Bała P. , Kowalewski Z.
Published: October 2023

A remarkable plastic flow instability is observed during tensile deformation of the commercial 304 stainless-steel sheet at room temperature. It has been found that the occurrence of plastic flow instability in 304 is dependent on the strain rate and specimen gage length. Moreover, it is essentially the same as the necking caused by plastic instability in 316L. However, the enhanced strain hardening resulting from deformation-induced martensitic transformation facilitates the orderly propagation of the strain-localized band.

Graphical Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery and Its Impact on Healthcare Costs
Authors: Canakis Andrew , Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Liu Yuki , Zheng Feibi , Sharaiha Reem Z.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment of obesity and can put type 2 diabetes (T2D) into remission. We aimed to examine remission rates after bariatric surgery and the impacts of post-surgical healthcare costs.

Materials and Methods

Obese adults with T2D were identified in Merative™ (US employer–based retrospective claims database). Individuals who had bariatric surgery were matched 1:1 with those who did not with baseline demographic and health characteristics. Rates of remission and total healthcare costs were compared at 6–12 and 6–36 months after the index date.

Results

Remission rates varied substantially by baseline T2D complexity; differences in rates at 1 year ranged from 41% for those with high-complexity T2D to 66% for those with low- to mid-complexity T2D. At 3 years, those who had bariatric surgery had 56% higher remission rates than those who did not have bariatric surgery, with differences of 73%, 59%, and 35% for those with low-, mid-, and high-complexity T2D at baseline. Healthcare costs were $3401 and $20,378 lower among those who had bariatric surgery in the 6 to 12 months and 6 to 36 months after the index date, respectively, than their matched controls. The biggest cost differences were seen among those with high-complexity T2D; those who had bariatric surgery had $26,879 lower healthcare costs in the 6 to 36 months after the index date than those who did not.

Conclusion

Individuals with T2D undergoing bariatric surgery have substantially higher rates of T2D remission and lower healthcare costs.

Graphical Abstract
Stepanov and Weyl Classes of c-Almost Periodic Type Functions
Authors: Ounis Hadjer , Sepulcre Juan Matías
Published: October 2023

As an extension of some classes of generalized almost periodic functions, in this paper we develop the notion of c-almost periodicity in the sense of Stepanov and Weyl approaches. In fact, we extend some basic results of this theory which were already demonstrated for the standard cases. In particular, we prove that every c-almost periodic function in the sense of Stepanov approach (in the sense of equi-Weyl or Weyl approaches, respectively) is also $$c^m$$

c
m

-almost periodic in the sense of Stepanov approach (in the sense of equi-Weyl or Weyl approaches, respectively) for each non-zero integer number m. This study is performed for both representative cases of functions defined on the real axis and with values in a Banach space and the complex functions defined on vertical strips in the complex plane.
Reviews, Challenges, and Insights on Computational Methods for Network Reconfigurations in Smart Electricity Distribution Networks
Authors: El-Fergany Attia A.
Published: October 2023

Power losses and voltage profiles in electricity distribution networks are a problem, particularly in developing nations. Many techniques have reportedly been used in the previous ten years to address this issue. Among other solutions, network reconfigurations (NRs) are regarded as one of the most practical. It is important to conduct a periodic update survey on this subject because the electricity radial distribution networks (RDNs) are continually evolving. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the various techniques to address the issues with NRs along distribution networks is provided in this manuscript. There is discussion of several mathematical, traditional, heuristic-based, and machine-learning strategies. It is important to understand how the radiality is achieved as well as methods for resolving distribution load flow, particularly with greater R/X ratios. The most typical test cases used in the literature are listed. In order to enrich this review and make it useful to others, more than 200 articles (the majority of which were published in the last five years) are referenced inside the body of this text. The final conclusions and related future insights are presented. At last, this work is an invaluable resource for anyone involved in this field of study because it offers a comprehensive literary framework that can serve as the foundation for any future research on NRs and its prospective difficulties. Therefore, academics can use this framework to enhance previous formulations and approaches as well as suggest more effective models.
Synthesis of Galacto-oligosaccharides in Milk
by Using Bifidobacterium bifidum β-galactosidases
(Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500) Immobilized on Chitosan Beads
Authors: Bodnár Magdolna , Fazekas Erika , Nagy Tibor , Miltner Noémi , Kalló Gergő , Kerekes Krisztina , Prépost Eszter , Mótyán János András
Published: October 2023

The lactose intolerance—as a limiting factor for dairy milk
consumption—has a high prevalence worldwide. Dairy milk and milk-derived products
are major sources of multiple inorganic compounds and nutrients and thus are
considered to be functional foods. β-galactosidases are able to hydrolyze lactose
and are therefore widely applied for the production of lactose-free products. In
addition, they are capable of the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs);
thus, the dairy industry has a special interest in applying them for the enrichment
of dairy products with prebiotic GOSs. In this work, we studied two commercially
available β-galactosidase products: Saphera 2600L and Nola Fit 5500. Both enzyme
solutions contain a recombinant β-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium bifidum and have already been authorized for food
industrial application, but the information about their hydrolytic and/or synthetic
activities is only limited. After immobilization on chitosan beads, the enzymes were
used for lactose hydrolysis and simultaneous synthesis of GOSs, by performing the
reactions in pasteurized milk (skim milk). Both immobilized β-galactosidase
exhibited elevated lactose hydrolysis (vmax increased
from ~ 1 to ~ 4 mM/min) and GOS synthesis as compared to the free enzymes. The
enzyme-coated beads were efficiently re-used at least 15 cycles; the residual
lactose concentration was < 2 mg/ml after each cycle. After treatment, GOSs were
present in ≤ 9% of the total sugar content, indicating that the prepared low-lactose
milks were enriched in prebiotic GOSs. The application of immobilized Saphera 2600L
and Nola Fit 5500 β-galactosidases may be implemented for the large-scale production
of GOS-enriched low-lactose milk.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical implications of augmented renal clearance after unrelated single cord blood transplantation in adults
Authors: Konuma Takaaki , Takano Kosuke , Monna-Oiwa Maki , Isobe Masamichi , Kato Seiko , Takahashi Satoshi , Nannya Yasuhito
Published: October 2023

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a phenomenon characterized by increased renal functionality, which can impact the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial drugs eliminated by the kidneys. It is a potential concern for infection treatment. Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is primarily impeded by delayed neutrophil recovery and immune reconstitution, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection. However, the clinical implications of ARC following CBT remain unexplored. We retrospectively assessed the influence of ARC on post-transplant outcomes at various time points in 194 adult recipients of single-unit unrelated CBT between 2007 and 2022 at our institution. ARC was observed in 52.9% of patients at 1 day, 39.8% at 15 days, and 26.5% at 29 days post-CBT. ARC was not significantly associated with bloodstream infection, acute graft-versus-host disease, or veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome at any time point. ARC at 1 day, 15 days, and 29 days post-CBT was not significantly associated  with overall survival, non-relapse mortality, or relapse rates. These findings suggest that ARC is common in adults during the early stages of CBT, but does not discernibly influence clinical outcomes or post-CBT complications.
A Case of Anti-Ma2 Encephalitis Presenting with Pendular Torsional Nystagmus
Authors: Vaghi Gloria , Vegezzi Elisa , Bini Paola , Gastaldi Matteo , Diamanti Luca , Marchioni Enrico , Colnaghi Silvia
Published: October 2023

Antibodies against the neuronal protein Ma2 have been reported in a peculiar form of paraneoplastic encephalitis with prominent involvement of the limbic, brainstem, and diencephalic structures and usually associated with germ cell testicular, lung, or breast cancer. The diagnosis is frequently challenged by atypical clinical manifestations including parkinsonism, sleep disturbances, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions, and motor neuron-like syndrome. In recent years, the advent of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints has deeply changed the treatment of different tumors, especially melanoma and lung cancer. However, given their nature, an increasing number of neurological immune-related adverse events, including ocular motor abnormalities, have been described. Here, we report a woman with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-PD-L1 durvalumab, presenting with an isolated pendular torsional nystagmus, in association with anti-Ma2 antibodies. This peculiar case widens our knowledge on the clinical presentation of anti-Ma2 encephalitis associated with checkpoint inhibitors.
Intracerebral Administration of a Novel Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel Is Safe and Supports Cell Proliferation in Experimental Intracerebral Haemorrhage
Authors: Bolan Faye , Dickie Ben R. , Cook James R. , Thomas Josephine M. , Pinteaux Emmanuel , Allan Stuart M. , Saiani Alberto , Lawrence Catherine B.
Published: October 2023

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest form of stroke, but current treatment options are limited, meaning ICH survivors are often left with life-changing disabilities. The significant unmet clinical need and socioeconomic burden of ICH mean novel regenerative medicine approaches are gaining interest. To facilitate the regeneration of the ICH lesion, injectable biomimetic hydrogels are proposed as both scaffolds for endogenous repair and delivery platforms for pro-regenerative therapies. In this paper, the objective was to explore whether injection of a novel self-assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) Alpha2 was feasible, safe and could stimulate brain tissue regeneration, in a collagenase-induced ICH model in rats. Alpha2 was administered intracerebrally at 7 days post ICH and functional outcome measures, histological markers of damage and repair and RNA-sequencing were investigated for up to 8 weeks. The hydrogel Alpha2 was safe, well-tolerated and was retained in the lesion for several weeks, where it allowed infiltration of host cells. The hydrogel had a largely neutral effect on functional outcomes and expression of angiogenic and neurogenic markers but led to increased numbers of proliferating cells. RNAseq and pathway analysis showed that ICH altered genes related to inflammatory and phagocytic pathways, and these changes were also observed after administration of hydrogel. Overall, the results show that the novel hydrogel was safe when injected intracerebrally and had no negative effects on functional outcomes but increased cell proliferation. To elicit a regenerative effect, future studies could use a functionalised hydrogel or combine it with an adjunct therapy.
Negotiating Monolingual Official Language Policy at the Nexus of Locally Situated Language Practices and Dominant Language Ideologies in a Language Minority Context
Authors: Lytra Vally , Gelir Iskender
Published: October 2023

This paper examines how children and teachers negotiate the official Turkish only language policy as they manage their linguistic resources (Turkish and Kurmanji) in one Turkish preschool serving predominantly emergent bilingual Kurdish minority children. Using a critical ethnographic lens to language-in-education policy making (Martin-Jones and Da Costa Gabral, in: Tollefson, Pérez-Milans (eds) The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning, Oxford University Press, 2018), the study investigates how children and teachers navigate locally situated language practices and language ideologies that accord legitimacy and authority to standard Turkish and officially invisibilise Kurmanji in the preschool. Findings indicate that acting as agentive social actors teachers and children do not merely comply to the Turkish only language policy but they also adapt, recast, and contest it in social interaction. They stress the need to rethink the language-in-education policy in the Turkish educational system in ways that recognise and leverage teachers and children’s entire linguistic repertoires and experiences for teaching and learning.
Clearing our Minds for Hedonic Phenomenalism
Authors: Buscicchi Lorenzo , van der Deijl Willem
Published: October 2023

What constitutes the nature of pleasure? According to hedonic phenomenalism, pleasant experiences are pleasant in virtue of some phenomenological features. According to hedonic attitudinalism, pleasure involves an attitude—a class of mental states that necessarily have an object. Consequently, pleasures are alwaysaboutsomething. We argue that hedonic attitudinalism is not able to accommodate pleasant moods. We first consider this argument more generally, and then consider what we callthe globalist strategy responseto the possible objectless of moods, namely that pleasant moods have general, or undetermined, objects. We then discuss the case of blissful meditative states, and argue that the globalist strategy is not able to accommodate all pleasant states.
Marcinkiewicz exponent and boundary value problems in fractal domains of $${\mathbb {R}}^{n+1}$$
Authors: Tamayo Castro Carlos Daniel
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to study the jump problem for monogenic functions in fractal hypersurfaces of Euclidean spaces. The notion of the Marcinkiewicz exponent has been taken into consideration. A new solvability condition is obtained, basing the work on specific properties of the Teodorescu transform in Clifford analysis. It is shown that this condition improves those involving the Minkowski dimension.
Conceptual Engineering and Philosophy of Technology: Amelioration or Adaptation?
Authors: Hopster Jeroen , Löhr Guido
Published: October 2023

Conceptual Engineering (CE) is thought to be generally aimed at ameliorating deficient concepts. In this paper, we challenge this assumption: we argue that CE is frequently undertaken with the orthogonal aim of conceptual adaptation. We develop this thesis with reference to the interplay between technology and concepts. Emerging technologies can exert significant pressure on conceptual systems and spark ‘conceptual disruption’. For example, advances in Artificial Intelligence raise the question of whether AIs are agents or mere objects, which can be construed as a CE question regarding the concepts AGENT and OBJECT. We distinguish between three types of conceptual disruption (conceptual gaps, conceptual overlaps, and conceptual misalignments) and argue that when CE occurs to address these disruptions, its primary aim is not to improve concepts, but to retain their functional quality, or to prevent them from degrading. This is the characteristic aim of CE when undertaken in philosophy of technology: to preserve the functional role of a concept or conceptual scheme, rather than improving how a concept fulfills its respective function.
Linking coral fluorescence phenotypes to thermal bleaching in the reef-building Galaxea fascicularis from the northern South China Sea
Authors: Gong Sanqiang , Liang Jiayuan , Li Gang , Xu Lijia , Tan Yehui , Zheng Xinqing , Jin Xuejie , Yu Kefu , Xia Xiaomin
Published: October 2023

Coral fluorescence phenotypes have been suggested as an adaptation to a broad range of environmental conditions, yet the mechanisms linking thermal bleaching tolerance in reef-building coral populations, associated with fluorescence phenotypes due to GFP-like proteins, remains unclear. In this study, the relationship between the thermal sensitivity and phenotypic plasticity of corals was investigated using two phenotypes of Galaxea fascicularis, green and brown. The results reveal that brown G. fascicularis was more susceptible to bleaching than green G. fascicularis when exposed to a higher growth temperature of 32 °C. Both phenotypes of G. fascicularis were associated with the thermotolerant Symbiodiniaceae symbiont, Durusdinium trenchii. However, the brown G. fascicularis showed a significant decrease in Symbiodiniaceae cell density and a significant increase in pathogenic bacteria abundance when the growth temperature was raised from 29 to 32 °C. The physiological traits and transcriptomic profiles of Symbiodiniaceae were not notably affected, but there were differences in the transcriptional levels of certain genes between the two phenotype hosts of G. fascicularis. Under heat stress of 32 °C, the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like and chromosome-associated proteins, as well as genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, cell growth and death showed lower transcriptional levels in the brown G. fascicularis compared to the green G. fascicularis. Overall, the results demonstrate that the green form of G. fascicularis is better able to tolerate ocean warming and defend against pathogenic bacteria, likely due to higher gene transcription levels and defense ability.
Large Time Behavior and Stability for Two-Dimensional Magneto-Micropolar Equations with Partial Dissipation
Authors: Li Ming , He Jianxia
Published: October 2023

This paper is devoted to the stability and decay estimates of solutions to the two-dimensional magneto-micropolar fluid equations with partial dissipation. Firstly, focus on the 2D magneto-micropolar equation with only velocity dissipation and partial magnetic diffusion, we obtain the global existence of solutions with small initial in $$H^s({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$

H
s

(

R

2

)

$$(s>1)$$

(
s
>
1
)

, and by fully exploiting the special structure of the system and using the Fourier splitting methods, we establish the large time decay rates of solutions. Secondly, when the magnetic field has partial dissipation, we show the global existence of solutions with small initial data in $$\dot{B}^0_{2,1}({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$

B
˙

2
,
1

0

(

R

2

)

. In addition, we explore the decay rates of these global solutions are correspondingly established in $$\dot{B}^m_{2,1}({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$

B
˙

2
,
1

m

(

R

2

)

with $$0 \le m \le s$$

0
≤
m
≤
s

, when the initial data belongs to the negative Sobolev space $$\dot{H}^{-l}({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$

H
˙

-
l

(

R

2

)

(for each $$0 \le l <1$$

0
≤
l
<
1

).
Skew RSK dynamics: Greene invariants, affine crystals and applications toq-Whittaker polynomials
Authors: Imamura Takashi , Mucciconi Matteo , Sasamoto Tomohiro
Published: October 2023

Iterating the skew RSK correspondence discovered by Sagan and Stanley in the late 1980s, we define deterministic dynamics on the space of pairs of skew Young tableaux$(P,Q)$. We find that these skew RSK dynamics display conservation laws which, in the picture of Viennot’s shadow line construction, identify generalizations of Greene invariants. The introduction of a novel realization of$0$-th Kashiwara operators reveals that the skew RSK dynamics possess symmetries induced by an affine bicrystal structure, which, combined with connectedness properties of Demazure crystals, leads to the linearization of the time evolution. Studying asymptotic evolution of the dynamics started from a pair of skew tableaux$(P,Q)$, we discover a new bijection$\Upsilon : (P,Q) \mapsto (V,W; \kappa , \nu )$. Here,$(V,W)$is a pair of vertically strict tableaux, that is, column strict fillings of Young diagrams with no condition on rows, with the shape prescribed by the Greene invariant,$\kappa $is an array of nonnegative weights and$\nu $is a partition. An application of this construction is the first bijective proof of Cauchy and Littlewood identities involvingq-Whittaker polynomials. New identities relating sums ofq-Whittaker and Schur polynomials are also presented.
Turbulent wall plumes with detrainment
Authors: Yu Ziheng , Hunt Gary R.
Published: October 2023

This article presents a theoretical modelling framework for the previously unconsidered case of turbulent wall plumes that detrain continually with height in stably stratified environments. Built upon the classic turbulent plume model, our approach incorporates turbulent detrainment with a variable coefficient of detrainment. Based on a linear constitutive relationship between the ratio of the detrainment to entrainment coefficients and the ambient buoyancy gradient, it is found that for linear ambient stratifications, a dynamic quasi-equilibrium region, characterised by a near invariant local plume Richardson number, is achieved, downstream of which this equilibrium rapidly breaks down. With increasing ambient buoyancy gradient, while the plume becomes increasingly slender with weaker vertical motions, the level at which the plume breaks down to form a horizontal intrusion first decreases and then increases. Moreover, distinct from classic purely entraining plumes, a detraining wall plume can swell within the pre-equilibrium adjustment stage provided the local Richardson number is sufficiently low

$({Ri\ll 6})$

, behaviour which is in accordance with observations made in filling-box experiments.
Role of pressure in the dynamics of intense velocity gradients in turbulent flows
Authors: Buaria Dhawal , Pumir Alain
Published: October 2023

We investigate the role of pressure, via its Hessian tensor

${\boldsymbol {H}}$

, on amplification of vorticity and strain-rate and contrast it with other inviscid nonlinear mechanisms. Results are obtained from direct numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence with Taylor-scale Reynolds number in the range 140–1300. Decomposing

${\boldsymbol {H}}$

into local isotropic (

${\boldsymbol {H}}^{I}$

) and non-local deviatoric (

${\boldsymbol {H}}^{D}$

) components reveals that

${\boldsymbol {H}}^{I}$

depletes vortex stretching, whereas

${\boldsymbol {H}}^{D}$

enables it, with the former slightly stronger. The resulting inhibition is significantly weaker than the nonlinear mechanism which always enables vortex stretching. However, in regions of intense vorticity, identified using conditional statistics, contribution from

${\boldsymbol {H}}$

prevails over nonlinearity, leading to overall depletion of vortex stretching. We also observe near-perfect alignment between vorticity and the eigenvector of

${\boldsymbol {H}}$

corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue, which conforms with well-known vortex-tubes. We discuss the connection between this depletion, essentially due to (local)

${\boldsymbol {H}}^{I}$

, and recently identified self-attenuation mechanism (Buaria et al., Nat. Commun., vol. 11, 2020, p. 5852), whereby intense vorticity is locally attenuated through inviscid effects. In contrast, the influence of

${\boldsymbol {H}}$

on strain-amplification is weak. It opposes strain self-amplification, together with vortex stretching, but its effect is much weaker than vortex stretching. Correspondingly, the eigenvectors of strain and

${\boldsymbol {H}}$

do not exhibit any strong alignments. For all results, the dependence on Reynolds number is very weak. In addition to the fundamental insights, our work provides useful data and validation benchmarks for future modelling endeavours, for instance in Lagrangian modelling of velocity gradient dynamics, where conditional

${\boldsymbol {H}}$

is explicitly modelled.
The imperfect legitimacy of judicial umpires in European multilevel democracies
Authors: Castillo-Ortiz Pablo
Published: October 2023

Judicial institutions have become the standard solution to umpire multilevel polities across much of the European continent. However, such arrangement is not free from complexities. This paper analyses the problems associated with the construction of legitimacy regarding constitutional courts in European multilevel democracies. In these polities, constitutional courts tend to rely on three different forms of legitimacy, which are embedded into their institutional design: democratic, multilevel; and technocratic. However, these forms of legitimacy are in tension, often undermining one another when combined. Furthermore, this tension is exploited by political actors to attack the courts, resulting in reputational costs for these institutions.
Sarcocystis cruzi (Hasselmann, 1923) Wenyon, 1926: redescription, molecular characterization and deposition of life cycle stages specimens in the Smithsonian Museum
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Gupta Aditya , de Araujo Larissa S. , Kwok Oliver C. H. , Khan Asis , Rosenthal Benjamin M.
Published: October 2023

Currently, 7 named Sarcocystis species infect cattle: Sarcocystis hirsuta, S. cruzi, S. hominis, S. bovifelis, S. heydorni, S. bovini and S. rommeli; other, unnamed species also infect cattle. Of these parasites of cattle, a complete life cycle description is known only for S. cruzi, the most pathogenic species in cattle. The life cycle of S. cruzi was completed experimentally in 1982, before related parasite species were structurally characterized, and before the advent of molecular diagnostics; to our knowledge, no archived frozen tissues from the cattle employed in the original descriptions remain for DNA characterization. Here, we isolated DNA from a paraffin-embedded kidney of a calf experimentally infected with S. cruzi in 1980; we then sequenced portions of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COX1 and Acetyl CoA genes and verified that each shares 99–100% similarity to other available isolates attributed to S. cruzi from naturally infected cattle. We also reevaluated histological sections of tissues of calves experimentally infected with S. cruzi in the original description, exploiting improvements in photographic technology to render clearer morphological detail. Finally, we reviewed all available studies of the life cycle of S. cruzi, noting that S. cruzi was transmitted between bison (Bison bison) and cattle (Bos taurus) and that the strain of parasite derived from bison appeared more pathogenic than the cattle strain. Based on these newfound molecular, morphological and physiological data, we thereby redescribed S. cruzi and deposited reference material in the Smithsonian Museum for posterity.
Design of an optimized gait planning generator for a quadruped robot using the decision tree and random forest workspace model
Authors: Wu Yifan , Guo Sheng , Yu Zheqi , Wang Peiyi , Niu Lianzheng , Song Majun
Published: October 2023

Real-time gait trajectory planning is challenging for legged robots walking on unknown terrain. In this paper, to realize a more efficient and faster motion control of a quadrupedal robot, we propose an optimized gait planning generator (GPG) based on the decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) model of the robot leg workspace. First, the framework of this embedded GPG and some of the modules associated with it are illustrated. Aiming at the leg workspace model described by DT and RF used in GPG, this paper introduces in detail how to collect the original data needed for training the model and puts forward an Interpolation Labeling with Dilation and Erosion (ILDE) data processing algorithm. After the DT and RF models are trained, we preliminarily evaluate their performance. We then present how these models can be used to predict the location relation between a spatial point and the leg workspace based on its distributional features. The DT model takes only 0.00011 s to process a sample, while the RF model can give the prediction probability. As a complement, the PID inverse kinematic model used in GPG is also mentioned. Finally, the optimized GPG is tested during a real-time single-leg trajectory planning experiment and an unknown terrain recognition simulation of a virtual quadrupedal robot. According to the test results, the GPG shows a remarkable rapidity for processing large-scale data in the gait trajectory planning tasks, and the results can prove it has an application value for quadruped robot control.
Modeling and optimization of motion for inchworm-inspired magnetically driven soft robot
Authors: Di Yue , Zhang Yuyan , Wen Yintang , Ren Yaxue
Published: October 2023

At present, the research of soft crawling robot pays more attention to the material manufacturing, but neglects the robot modeling. The high degree of freedom of the soft crawling robot makes it more difficult to establish its motion model and analyzes its motion performance. The centimeter-level wireless driven soft crawling robot has great advantages and application scenarios in narrow space exploration. Therefore, this paper proposed a soft robot driven by magnetism to crawling inchworm. By studying the crawling behavior of inchworm and the characteristics of flexible materials driven by magnetism, the structure of the soft robot was designed and the motion model of inchworm was established. The motion model is analyzed and simulated, the structure size of the robot is optimized, and the effectiveness of the model is verified by experiments. The robot’s crawling motion is realized by coupling the structure of the robot’s torso and legs with the flexible magnetic film. Driven by the alternating magnetic field, the maximum motion speed of the robot is 28.24 mm/s. At the same time, the robot can also move in narrow space such as pipes, which can satisfy the centimeter-level space detection and ensure the high efficiency, providing a new idea for narrow space detection.
Theoretical Neurobiology of Consciousness Applied to Human Cerebral Organoids
Authors: Owen Matthew , Huang Zirui , Duclos Catherine , Lavazza Andrea , Grasso Matteo , Hudetz Anthony G.
Published: October 2023

Organoids and specifically human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are one of the most relevant novelties in the field of biomedical research. Grown either from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, HCOs can be used as in vitro three-dimensional models, mimicking the developmental process and organization of the developing human brain. Based on that, and despite their current limitations, it cannot be assumed that they will never at any stage of development manifest some rudimentary form of consciousness. In the absence of behavioral indicators of consciousness, the theoretical neurobiology of consciousness being applied to unresponsive brain-injured patients can be considered with respect to HCOs. In clinical neurology, it is difficult to discern a capacity for consciousness in unresponsive brain-injured patients who provide no behavioral indicators of consciousness. In such scenarios, a validated neurobiological theory of consciousness, which tells us what the neural mechanisms of consciousness are, could be used to identify a capacity for consciousness. Like the unresponsive patients that provide a diagnostic difficulty for neurologists, HCOs provide no behavioral indicators of consciousness. Therefore, this article discusses how three prominent neurobiological theories of consciousness apply to human cerebral organoids. From the perspective of the Temporal Circuit Hypothesis, the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory, and the Integrated Information Theory, we discuss what neuronal structures and functions might indicate that cerebral organoids have a neurobiological capacity to be conscious.
Pulmonary reperfusion injury in post-palliative intervention of oligaemic cyanotic CHD: a new catastrophic consequence or just revisiting the same old story?
Authors: Siagian Sisca Natalia , Dewangga Made Satria Yudha , Putra Bayushi Eka , Christianto Christianto
Published: October 2023

Pulmonary reperfusion injury is a well-recognised clinical entity in the setting pulmonary artery angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis or chronic thromboembolic disease, but not much is known about this complication in post-palliative intervention of oligaemic cyanotic CHD. The pathophysiology of pulmonary reperfusion injury in this population consists of both ischaemic and reperfusion injury, mainly resulting in oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species generation, followed by endothelial dysfunction, and cytokine storm that may induce multiple organ dysfunction. Other mechanisms of pulmonary reperfusion injury are “no-reflow” phenomenon, overcirculation from high pressure in pulmonary artery, and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Chronic hypoxia in cyanotic CHD eventually depletes endogenous antioxidant and increased the risk of pulmonary reperfusion injury, thus becoming a concern for palliative interventions in the oligaemic subgroup. The incidence of pulmonary reperfusion injury varies depending on multifactors. Despite its inconsistence occurrence, pulmonary reperfusion injury does occur and may lead to morbidity and mortality in this population. The current management of pulmonary reperfusion injury is supportive therapy to prevent deterioration of lung injury. Therefore, a general consensus on pulmonary reperfusion injury is necessary for the diagnosis and management of this complication as well as further studies to establish the use of novel and potential therapies for pulmonary reperfusion injury.
Recurrent events of acute coronary syndrome in young adult patients after Kawasaki disease
Authors: Tsuda Etsuko
Published: October 2023

Objective:

I encountered three adult patients with major coronary artery occlusion after Kawasaki disease in childhood, who had developed again acute coronary syndrome of adults in the peripheral branches, such as the 4th segments, the atrioventricular node artery, and the posterior descending artery, of the right coronary artery.

Methods:

I reviewed their clinical course and coronary angiograms.

Results:

Their age at onset of acute coronary syndrome ranged from 29 to 33 years. The male patient with a previous anteroseptal myocardial infarction in children had a symptomatic occlusion of the branch of the 4th posterior descending artery at 32 years of age. Acute coronary syndrome occurred in the area of 4th atrioventricular node artery in two female patients. The collateral arteries from the circumflex artery to the 4th atrioventricular node arteries were not clearly injected. It was suspected that they had developed bilateral giant aneurysms after acute Kawasaki disease. Two patients had an acute myocardial infarction due to thrombotic occlusion in a giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery or the left anterior descending artery, and one patient had an asymptomatic coronary occlusion of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery in children.

Conclusion:

Occlusion of peripheral coronary arteries in adulthood can occur in patients with multi-vessel disease caused by Kawasaki disease. Recurrent events of acute coronary syndrome can occur in adults, although its prevalence may be low. Careful follow-up in adults is also needed in this population.
Predictors of Perceived Changes in Psychological Wellbeing among Clergy in the USA Serving in the Episcopal Church during the 2021 Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Village Andrew
Published: October 2023

Applying the balanced affect model of clergy psychological wellbeing, as conceptualised by the Francis Burnout Inventory (FBI) and operationalised by The Index of Balanced Affect Change (TIBACh), this study explored the impact of seven sets of variables on individual differences in perceived changes in positive affect and negative affect among 737 clergy in the USA serving in the Episcopal Church during the Covid-19 pandemic. The seven sets of variables were: personal, psychological, contextual, ministry-related, church orientation, theological stance, and attitudinal. The data supported the balanced affect model of clergy psychological wellbeing by demonstrating how different variables predicted individual differences in negative affect and in positive affect. For example, clergywomen showed no differences from clergymen in terms of positive affect, but higher levels of negative affect; active self-supporting and retired clergy showed no differences from stipendiary clergy in terms of positive affect, but lower levels of negative affect; Evangelical clergy showed no differences in negative affect, but higher levels in positive affect. The balanced affect model provides insights into how clergy may be better supported during a pandemic.
A Conceptual Model for Climate Change Mainstreaming in Government
Authors: Bleby Alice , Foerster Anita
Published: October 2023

‘Mainstreaming’ climate change by embedding climate change considerations in government policies, processes, and operations can bolster the realization of climate mitigation and adaptation goals and reduce risks of counter-productive actions. Some climate laws around the world now contain explicit mainstreaming duties, in parallel with emissions reduction targets and adaptation planning requirements. This article proposes a conceptual model for climate change mainstreaming in government, with two pillars. Firstly, it defines objectives of climate mainstreaming, emphasizing that mainstreaming activities occur along a spectrum of ambition towards a goal of ‘mature mainstreaming’. Secondly, it proposes three complementary pathways to mature mainstreaming – regulatory, institutional, and capacity and capability-building pathways – to classify mainstreaming activities, and barriers to and enablers of mainstreaming. Grounded in empirical insights from a leading jurisdiction (Victoria, Australia), the model can assist governments to clearly articulate mainstreaming objectives and to identify, prioritize, and monitor mainstreaming initiatives to help in achieving their climate policy goals.
Statistical Comparison of Various Dayside Magnetopause Reconnection X‐Line Prediction Models
Authors: Qudsi Ramiz A. , Walsh Brian M. , Broll Jeff , Atz Emil , Haaland Stein
Published: October 2023

Reconnection at Earth's magnetopause drives magnetospheric convection and provides mass and energy input into the magnetosphere/ionosphere system thereby driving the coupling between solar wind and terrestrial magnetosphere. Despite its importance, the factors governing the location of dayside magnetopause reconnection are not well understood. Though a few models can predict X‐line locations reasonably well, the underlying physics is still unresolved. In this study we present results from a comparative analysis of 274 magnetic reconnection events as observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to determine what quantities affect the accuracy of such models and are most strongly associated with the occurrence of dayside magnetopause reconnection. We also attempt to determine under what upstream solar wind conditions each global X‐line model becomes least reliable.
The Occurrence, Variability, and Potential Drivers of Submesoscale Eddies in the Southern California Bight Based on a Decade of High‐Frequency Radar Observations
Authors: Payandeh A. R. , Washburn L. , Emery B. , Ohlmann J. C.
Published: October 2023

Submesoscale eddies form an important component of the circulation of the Southern California Bight (SCB). Despite their acknowledged significance in influencing ocean physics, biology, and ecological processes, submesoscale eddies have been exceptionally hard to study and observe because of the technical challenges posed by both field and remote platforms. Here, using a decade of high‐frequency radar surface current observations, we describe submesoscale eddies in the SCB. Between 2012 and 2021, a total of ∼235,000 eddies were detected, averaging 452 ± 116 eddies per week. Recurring eddies in certain locations over time, formed hotspots of eddy activity, largely in association with topographical features. On seasonal scales, eddies were more numerous in the summer and early fall. At inter‐annual scales, eddy counts increased by 40% in association with the 2014–2015 marine heatwave and the 2015–2016 El Niño. A domain‐wide diurnal cycle was observed in the formation of eddies and the normalized vorticity. To determine the relative contributions of tides and diurnal winds, an analysis of spectral components and their spatial distribution along the SCB was conducted. The results revealed that while diurnal tides may exert some influence on the diurnal variations, their effect is comparatively minor when compared to diurnal winds. This conclusion was reached by considering the prevalence of the S1 frequency, which is a meteorological tide known to be associated with motions induced by sea‐land breeze. Overall, diurnal variability was more prominent in the southern SCB and less significant toward the north.
Martian Equatorial Atmospheric Tides From Surface Observations
Authors: Leino Joonas , Harri Ari‐Matti , Banfield Don , de la Torre Juárez Manuel , Paton Mark , Rodriguez‐Manfredi Jose‐Antonio , Lemmon Mark , Savijärvi Hannu
Published: October 2023

Diurnal solar radiation causes global oscillations in pressure, temperature, and wind fields, known as atmospheric tides, which are further modified by topography, surface properties, and atmospheric dust loading. Hence, the tides are a combination of sun‐synchronous and non sun‐synchronous tides that propagate around the planet both eastward and westward. In the Martian tropics, atmospheric tides dominate daily pressure variations on the surface. Therefore, surface observing platforms are extremely useful for detailed analysis of atmospheric tides. In this investigation, we analyze diurnal and semi‐diurnal components of atmospheric surface pressure measured by the simultaneously operating InSight and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) payloads. We utilize observations of the time period from Martian year (MY) 34 solar longitude 296° to MY 36 solar longitude 53°. The diurnal tide average amplitude is 17 Pa with an average phase of 03:39 local true solar time (LTST), while the semi‐diurnal tide average amplitude and phase are 7 Pa and 09:34 LTST for the InSight. The corresponding values for the MSL are 33 Pa with 04:25 LTST for the diurnal and 10 Pa with 09:36 LTST for the semi‐diurnal component. Thermo‐topographic lateral hydrostatic adjustment flow generated by topography causes the higher diurnal amplitude observed by MSL. Both platforms observe a similar response between these harmonic components and dust loading. Furthermore, amplitudes obtained from a Mars Climate Database mimic the observations well. Our study provides for the first time a comparison of atmospheric tides at two simultaneously observing tropical surface platforms for more than 1 MY.
High Performance Antenna System in MIMO Configuration for 5G Wireless Communications Over Sub‐6 GHz Spectrum
Authors: Din Iftikhar ud , Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal S. , Ullah Sadiq , Ullah Shakir , Akram Muhammad Rizwan , Ali Syed Mansoor , Livreri Patrizia , Limiti Ernesto
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a high‐performance multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna comprising 2 × 2 configuration of radiating elements that is designed for sub‐6 GHz applications. The proposed MIMO antenna employs four identical radiating elements. High isolation between the radiating elements and therefore reduced mutual coupling is achieved by spatially arranging the radiating elements in an orthogonal configuration. Also, a novel frequency selective surface (FSS) was employed to increase the gain of the MIMO antenna over a wide bandwidth from 3 to 6 GHz. This was achieved by locating the FSS above the antenna at a certain height. The FSS essentially enhanced the antenna's directivity, reduced back lobe radiation and mutual coupling. The antenna was fabricated on a standard Rogers RT Duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with a 0.8 mm thickness. The overall dimension of the MIMO antenna is 50 × 50 × 12.5 mm3 and it operates from 3.8 to 6 GHz, which corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 41%. The proposed MIMO antenna has a measured peak gain of 4.8 dBi and inter radiation element isolation >20 dB. Its envelope correlation coefficient is <0.1 and diversity gain >9.9 (dB). These characteristics make the proposed MIMO antenna system suitable for 5G communication systems.