bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El acuerdo sobre asuntos económicos veinte años después: la exención de las entidades eclesiásticas en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades
Authors: Jiménez Escobar Julio
Published: October 2023

Las relaciones económicas Iglesia-Estado, incluyendo los aspectos relativos a los beneficios fiscales aplicables a las entidades eclesiásticas, se rigen fundamentalmente por el Acuerdo de 3 de enero de 1979, entre el Estado español y la Santa Sede, sobre Asuntos Económicos. Este tratado internacional que este año cumple veinte años de vigencia ha presentado diversas dificultades y problemas en su aplicación práctica, sobre todo en lo que concierne a su contenido tributario, y en especial en lo relativo a la exención que en el mismo se contempla con respecto al Impuesto sobre Sociedades. Toda esta problemática se estudia de forma exhaustiva en el presente artículo: por una parte se analiza el alcance objetivo que la exención del Impuesto sobre Sociedades tiene para las entidades de la Iglesia en el momento presente y por otra se extraen unas conclusiones de carácter general en las que se ponen de manifiesto las causas que han dado lugar a que se originen dificultades en la aplicación del Acuerdo.
МЕНТОРСТВО В СИСТЕМЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ЯЗЫКОВОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ / MENTORING IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Authors: SARGSYAN INNA , TATKALO NINA
Published: October 2023

The decision to introduce the idea of mentoring into the educational space of the universities of the Republic of Armenia (in particular, in Brusov State University) is caused by the rapidly growing needs of our society. Mentoring in the RFL training system is a kind of individual educational and educational work with young Russian methodologists starting their teaching activities. Based on the existing foreign experience, highlighting all its positive aspects, we can create our own models that meet the conditions of RFL training in the Republic of Armenia.
Palavra e corpo transcritos no espaço virtual
Authors: Tröger Nadja
Published: October 2023

Integrando-se no contexto da situação de pandemia vivida, no presente trabalho propõe-se levar a efeito uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de, através da escrita, transpor o corpo para a sessão virtual, criando, assim, um objeto transicional. Visando a consecução deste objetivo, a autora tem em conta a importância do impacto causado pela presença do corpo no setting, em particular a do corpo do(da) analista, que se estende ao espaço do seu consultório. Objeto de análise é ainda a natureza do espaço virtual, bem como o modo como a transição do espaço real para o espaço virtual pode interagir com a perceção que temos do corpo, do espaço e do tempo. Prestando particular atenção aos pacientes que sofreram o abandono numa fase precoce da vida e que viveram a separação do espaço físico do consultório como uma reativação dolorosa de antigos e profundos sentimentos de solidão, a autora sugere que o emergir da escrita no decurso da sessão virtual pode aliviar a intensidade da angústia e vitalizar a comunicação da díade terapêutica, ajudando assim a superar as dificuldades decorrentes da separação física imposta.
NGHIÊN CỨU QUY TRÌNH SẢN XUẤT TRÀ TÚI LỌC TỪ NẤM LINH CHI CỔ CÒ
Authors: Vi Lâm , Hà Hiển , Hồ Dũng
Published: October 2023

Nấm Linh chi cổ cò có tên khoa học là Ganoderma lucidum. Trà túi lọc phổ biến trên thế giới là loại thức uống tiện lợi, có lợi cho sức khỏe. Vì vậy nghiên cứu nhằm xây dựng quy trình sản xuất trà túi lọc từ nấm Linh chi cổ cò là một hướng đi có tính ứng dụng thực tiễn cao. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng Linh chi cổ cò thu thập ở thành phô Phú Quốc, tỉnh Kiên Giang có độ ẩm 82%, tro 4,2%, tanin 1,5% trên nguyên liệu tươi. Nấm Linh chi cổ cò được sấy ở nhiệt độ 60ºC, nghiền nhỏ về kích thước 1 < d < 3 mm, được phối trộn với cam thảo và cỏ ngọt với tỷ lệ tương ứng 20% và 10% để cải thiện chất lượng sản phẩm. Phân tích chất lượng vi sinh của sản phẩm cho kết quả tổng vi sinh vật hiếu khí 4.10⁴ CFU/g, nấm men - nấm mốc 2.103 CFU/g, Coliform 2.102 CFU/g, Salmonella 0 CFU /25g đạt theo TCVN 7975 – 2008 về chè thảo mộc túi lọc. Kết quả của nghiên cứu là cơ sở khoa học quan trọng góp phần ứng dụng vào việc nâng cao giá trị của nấm Linh chi cổ cò trong sản xuất thực tiễn.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH THÁI VÀ GIẢI PHẪU CỦA GIỐNG ĐỊA HOÀNG 19 (REHMANNIA GLUTINOSA VARIETIES 19) TẠI TỈNH PHÚ THỌ
Authors: Pham Thanh Loan
Published: October 2023

Củ giống Địa hoàng 19 (Rehmannia glutinosa varieties 19) được dùng để chế biến vị thuốc Sinh địa và Thục địa, là hai vị thuốc Bắc được sử dụng nhiều trong y học cổ truyền, có tác dụng bổ máu, bồi bổ cơ thể. Bài báo này trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu về đặc điểm hình thái, cấu tạo giải phẫu của giống Địa hoàng 19 được trồng tại Phú Thọ từ nguồn giống tạo ra bằng phương pháp nuôi cấy mô in vitro. Kết quả đã mô tả được đặc điểm hình thái, cấu tạo giải phẫu của giống Địa hoàng 19. Cấu tạo giải phẫu của cây giống Địa hoàng 19 từ in vitro, ex vitro và cây giống từ củ là tương đồng nhau
The emergence of poultry-adapted H9 subtype avian influenza viruses. Proceeding of The First International Avian Influenza Summit, University of Arkansas- October 16-17, 2023"
Authors: Perez Daniel R.
Published: October 2023

Avian influenza is a highly contagious disease that severely affects poultry production and food security. Several countries have developed vaccination programs to prevent and control avian influenza. Unlike currently available vaccines, modified live virus (MLV) vaccines have the potential to be easily mass-applied. Concerns of reversion, recombination, and unintended transmission have slowed the development of MLVs against avian influenza for use in poultry. To address these concerns, we generated reassortment-impaired, non-transmissible, safe, immunogenic, and protective MLVs based on the rearrangement of internal gene segments and additional modifications of the surface gene segments HA and NA. The HA was produced to carry the unique DRPAVIAN peptide marker, whereas NA was modified as a chimera encoding the chicken interleukin-18 (ckIL18) gene (MLV-IL). As a proof of principle and given its economic importance and widespread geographic distribution, we tested the MLV and MLV-IL approaches in chickens against a prototypic H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (MLV-H9N2 and MLV-H9N2-IL, respectively). \textit{In-vitro}, the MLV-H9N2 and MLV-H9N2-IL candidates were stable and achieved yields similar to the wild-type H9N2 strain. Co-infection studies with a wild-type H9N2 virus showed that the altered HA segment in the MLV-H9N2 and MLV-H9N2-IL candidates has a fitness disadvantage and did not reassort. Likewise, the modified NA segment in the MLV-H9N2-IL candidate was impaired in reassortment. \textit{In-vivo}, the MLV-H9N2 and MLV-H9N2-IL candidates did not transmit chicken-to-chicken via direct contact. MLV-H9N2- and MLV-H9N2-IL-vaccinated chickens showed no clinical signs upon intranasal vaccination, and all were seroconverted. More importantly, including ckIL18 in the MLV-H9N2-IL vaccine enhanced the generation of neutralizing antibodies, suggesting a role in the host immune response. A significant decrease in viral loads post-challenge demonstrated the protective effect of the MLVs. The MLV-H9N2-IL vaccine administered via drinking water was immunogenic in chickens in a dose-dependent manner and generated levels of neutralizing antibodies after prime and boost predictive of protection, which was later confirmed upon aggressive homologous virus challenge. In summary, this work provides the basis for novel and safe MLVs against avian influenza amenable for mass vaccination.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza: Considerations for vaccination and implications for international trade. A primary breeder’s perspective. Proceeding of The First International Avian Influenza Summit, University of Arkansas- October 16-17, 2023"
Authors: Torres Alberto
Published: October 2023

Vaccination against avian influenza requires the assessment of multiple technical, legislative, and trade aspects related to its epidemiology and the country’s veterinary infrastructure, commerce policies, and interests. According to the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH), vaccination against AI should not preclude a country from eligibility for trade as long as it can prove freedom from natural infection. Importing countries may have policies above the general guidelines offered by WOAH; however. Whether living with the disease for a long(er) time, having to adjust vaccines to better protect against newer avian influenza virus variants or clades, and/or whether there are indemnity incentives available to compensate growers for the losses related to outbreaks, considerations pertaining to the geographic spread of the disease across the country’s territory, the sector(s) of the poultry industry being affected, and whether all alternatives to combat the disease have been explored, and perhaps exhausted, should also be taken into consideration. WOAH’s guidelines for the continuation of trade include zoning that limits restrictions to a geographical area (10 km, county, or state) instead of the entire country. Compartmentalization also offers another approach to the continuation of trade for premises that demonstrate robust biosecurity and management programs backed by testing to demonstrate freedom from infection. Alternatives to avoid or reduce waste products (e.g., meat and eggs) should also be considered according to implications to the risk involved of further spread onto other avian and poultry populations. Considering the fact that the 2.3.4.4b clade has been able to infect a large number of wild bird and mammalian species and, at least for countries where the disease is not endemic in its commercial sectors, vaccinating only poultry, at least in countries with low prevalence and incidence rate would not prevent the spread of the disease amongst that large pool of susceptible animal species. For this latter aspect, perhaps vaccination strategies would be more effective if developed towards mitigating prevalence in the natural reservoirs. This implies developing vaccines capable of being deployed in mass. In the large scheme of things and within the one-health concept, this latter approach may have a larger impact on combatting high pathogenicity avian influenza.
Dynamics of Change in Geography – A Response to Capitalocene Cliodynamics
Authors: Mukherjee Sucheta
Published: October 2023

The paper discusses the developmental change and future of Geography.The intellectual and institutional capacity to meet the demand for geographic expertise among professionals and development planning for societal welfare have become crucial in areas of terrain management. There has been a rapid digital developmental phase since the beginning of the twentieth century,within the discipline. By using latest technological advances in digital cartography like DEM, DSM and DTM modeling, AVHRR, SRTM data, freely available and easily downloadable satellite data beginning in the twentieth century with the launch of aerial photography and later satellite imagery through ERTS in 1960 by NASA,the geospatial technology(RS,GIS,GPS,GNSS)bouquet has managed to provide holistic solutions to terrain related complications in variety of domains(land resource,climate,weather,agriculture etc.)This paper attempts to bring together the recent modern developments in geographical approaches whereby discussing how broad its scope has become to cater to society through development ,management and estimate the impact with precision on populations and natural regions. These advances have enhanced the capacity for cliodynamical problem solving leading to greater precision in addressing and estimating disasters, their management and increasing the scope for effective disaster mapping and management to save lives and effectively address crisis related to terrain.
Greening the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): Mapping China's Green Infrastructure Development Policy
Authors: R Prakash
Published: October 2023

This article examines China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project through the green development discourse and green financing policies. Under the BRI, China disseminated 183 billion United States dollars (USD) as energy finance for BRI countries to achieve the capacity building to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2030. I attempt to critically analyse how China promotes its eco-friendly infrastructure development policies through the BRI projects. The first question is why China construct ecologically smart and sustainable development projects under the ambitious ongoing BRI. And secondly, how China is creating comprehensive strategies and policy coordination for implementing green infrastructure development projects in BRI countries. Moreover, this paper argues whether the 'Chinese model' of green development is successful and why it encounters criticism in terms of environmental records, carbon neutrality and conservation methods.
Transcending Violence, Embracing Identity: Navigating the Transgender Experience in Anosh Irani’s The Parcel
Authors: S Subitsha. , Maheshwary Dr. Uma
Published: October 2023

Anosh Irani’s book The Parcel highlights the difficulties faced by female prostitutes and transgenders Madhu, Gurumai and Padma as they try very hard to locate their identity and lead their life in Bombay. The story of these transgenders delves into the struggles they face within their family who is not ready to accept their identity and in outside world facing humiliations and misfortunes. This article provides a nuanced look at the impact of identity crisis on transgender individuals, highlighting the ongoing struggle for many female prostitute and transgenders to find an identity where they truly belong.
A REALIDADE DAS DIVISÕES DE BAIXO DO FUTEBOL PAULISTA E CARIOCA: A PRECARIZAÇÃO DO FUTEBOL NOS DOIS PRINCIPAIS ESTADOS DO PAÍS
Authors: Atti Heitor Cairo
Published: October 2023

Os estados São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, mesmo possuindo as principais equipes de futebol do Brasil, ainda apresentam um cenário no qual diversas agremiações têm dificuldades reais de sobrevivência. É nessa perspectiva, que o trabalho tem como objetivo geral: estudar e analisar o contexto, no qual, os clubes pertencentes às últimas divisões estaduais do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo se encontram. Observando as dificuldades que tais equipes enfrentam. Usando, para atingir tal meta, documentos oficiais das federações, materiais de cunho jornalístico sobre o tema, veículos dos próprios times, e uma análise empírica baseada na leitura de todos os materiais. Assim, chegando à conclusão de que a problemática tem um aspecto estrutural, já que parte da estrutura de competição proposta pelos gestores das competições.
Reframing water demand management: a new co-governance framework coupling supply-side and demand-side solutions toward sustainability
Authors: Liu Yueyi , Zheng Hang , Zhao Jianshi
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Water demand management adopts economic and non-economic measures to reduce human water use. However, it is argued in this study that water use changes may cause idle water supply facilities and revenue losses, thereby challenging the sustainability of water supply systems in the context of climate change. A co-governance framework was established to inspire practical strategies of sustaining water supply systems by re-evaluating the long-term impacts of water demand changes. This framework integrates the political, financial, and consumptive needs of the government, the market, and the users through a collaborative strategy coupling both supply-side and demand-side solutions. The proposed framework was applied to the analysis of the sustainability of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It is found that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is not a simple water supply infrastructure but rather a synthesis of supply-side and demand-side water management solutions. Actively releasing water for ecological and cultural purposes is suggested in this study to maintain the socioecological benefits of the project in the context of human water use decline. The economic cost of the water supply could be recovered by ongoing revenues that include not only the water fees charged to users but also the benefits gained from cooperative investment in broader water-related businesses by both the state-owned water-transfer company and local governments in water-receiving areas. The proposed framework and strategies are valuable for other water utilities around the world, especially those challenged by reduced water demand caused by climate change, high water prices, and economic depression.
Regional index flood estimation at multiple durations with generalized additive models
Authors: Barna Danielle M. , Engeland Kolbjørn , Kneib Thomas , Thorarinsdottir Thordis L. , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Estimation of flood quantiles at ungauged basins is often achieved through regression based methods. In situations where flood retention is important, e.g. floodplain management and reservoir design, flood quantile estimates are often needed at multiple durations. This poses a problem for regression-based models as the form of the functional relationship between catchment descriptors and the response may not be constant across different durations. A particular type of regression model that is well-suited to this situation is a generalized additive model (GAM), which allows for flexible, semi-parametric modeling and visualization of the relationship between predictors and the response. However, in practice, selecting predictors for such a flexible model can be challenging, particularly given the characteristics of available catchment descriptor datasets. We employ a machine learning-based variable pre-selection tool which, when combined with domain knowledge, enhances the practicality of constructing GAMs. In this study, we develop a GAM for index (median) flood estimation with the primary objective of investigating duration-specific differences in how catchment descriptors influence the median flood. As the accuracy of this explainable approach is dependent on the fitted GAM being adequate, the secondary objective of our study is prediction of the median flood at ungauged locations and multiple durations, where predictive performance and reliability at ungauged locations are used as proxies for adequacy of the GAM. Predictive performance of the GAM is compared to two benchmark models: the existing log-linear model for median flood estimation in Norway and a fully data-driven machine learning model (an extreme gradient boosting tree ensemble, XGBoost). We find that the predictive accuracy and reliability of the GAM matched or exceeded that of the benchmark models at both durations studied. Within the predictor set selected for this study, we observe duration-specific differences in the relationship between the median flood and the two catchment descriptors effective lake percentage and catchment shape. Ignoring these differences results in a statistically significant decline in predictive performance. This suggests that models developed and estimated for prediction of the index flood at one duration may have reduced performance when applied directly to situations outside of that specific duration.
Spatial and temporal stable water isotope data from the upper snowpack at the EastGRIP camp site, NE Greenland sampled in summer 2018
Authors: Zuhr Alexandra M. , Wahl Sonja , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Hörhold Maria , Meyer Hanno , Gkinis Vasileios , Laepple Thomas
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Stable water isotopes stored in snow, firn and ice are used to reconstruct environmental parameters. The imprint of these parameters at the snow surface as well as their preservation in the upper snowpack is determined by a number of processes influencing the recording of the environmental signal. Here, we present a dataset of approximately 3,800 snow samples analysed for their stable water isotope composition which were obtained during the summer season at the deep drilling site of the East Greenland Ice Core Project in northeast Greenland. Sampling was carried out every third day between 14 May and 3 August 2018 along a 39 m long transect. Three depth intervals in the top 10 cm were sampled on 30 positions with a higher resolution closer to the surface (0–1 cm and 1–4 cm depth vs. 4–10 cm). The sample analysis was carried out at two renowned stable water isotope laboratories and produced isotope data with an overall highest uncertainty of 0.09 ‰ for δ18O and 0.8 ‰ for δD. This unique dataset shows strongest δ18O variability closest to the surface, damped and delayed variations in the lowest layer and a trend towards increasing homogeneity towards the end of the season, especially in the deepest layer. Additional information on the snow height and its temporal changes suggests a non-uniform spatial imprint of the seasonal climatic information in this area potentially following the stratigraphic noise of the surface. The data can be used to study the relation between snow height (changes) as well as the imprint and preservation of the isotopic composition at a site with 10–14 cm w.eq. yr-1 accumulation. The high temporal resolution sampling allows additional analyses on (post-)depositional processes, such as vapour-snow exchange. The data can be accessed at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.956626 (Zuhr et al., 2023).
ГРОМАДЯНСЬКЕ СУСПІЛЬСТВО ЯК СУБ’ЄКТ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Кузьмічов Олексій Дмитрович
Published: October 2023

Стаття присвячена визначенню механізму залучення громадянського суспільства до формування державної політики у сфері забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України. Методологічною основою дослідження є використання компаративного, системно-структурного та формально-логічного методів, яке дало змогу визначити місце інституції громадянського суспільства в процесі формування стратегії та тактики державної політики у сфері забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України, а також з’ясувати закордонний досвід щодо форм взаємодії публічної адміністрації та інституції громадянського суспільства. При проведенні дослідження використана вітчизняна та закордонна юридична література, присвячена взаємодії публічної адміністрації та інституції громадянського суспільства; інструментам публічного адміністрування та особливостям реалізації державної політики у сфері забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України. У результаті проведеного дослідження автором констатовано те, що громадянське суспільство має обов’язково долучатися до формування та контролю за реалізацією державної політики у сфері забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України. Його основна мета полягає в донесенні до влади змісту публічних інтересів громадян щодо цілей та завдань державної політики в цій сфері публічного адміністрування. З’ясовано, що на законодавчому рівні створені достатні правові механізми для залучення інституцій громадянського суспільства до формування цього напряму державної політики. Провідна роль у координації взаємодії громадянського суспільства та суб’єктів публічної адміністрації, залучених до формування та реалізації цього напряму державної політики, належить Громадській раді при Міністерстві аграрної політики та продовольства України. Саме на неї покладається функція акумулювання публічних інтересів та донесення їхнього змісту до профільного міністерства, яким є Мінагрополітики України. Аналіз протоколів та рішень громадської ради свідчить про її пасивну позицію щодо формування стратегії та тактики державної політики у сфері забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України. На наш погляд, вирішення цієї проблеми можливе через визначення на рівні постанови Кабінету Міністрів України «Деякі питання діяльності центральних органів виконавчої влади» чіткого механізму розробки та затвердження національної стратегії державної політики щодо забезпечення продовольчої безпеки України, а також через розробку та оприлюднення річного плану діяльності Громадської ради при Мінагрополітики України на 2023 рік.
АКАДЕМІЧНИЙ ПЛАГІАТ ЯК ВИД ПОРУШЕННЯ АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ ДОБРОЧЕСНОСТІ
Authors: Якубівський Ігор Євгенович
Published: October 2023

В статті проаналізовано поняття академічного плагіату як одного із видів порушень академічної доброчесності. Досліджено еволюцію понять «плагіат» і «академічний плагіат» у національному законодавстві України. Звернута увага на те, що на відміну від багатьох інших країн, в яких поняття «плагіат» не отримало законодавчого закріплення, у законодавстві України не тільки використовуються два окремі терміни «плагіат» та «академічний плагіат», але і містяться їх легальні визначення. Проаналізоване питання щодо співвідношення між цими поняттями. Констатовано, що вітчизняні дослідники переважно розглядають їх як рід і вид, вважаючи академічний плагіат різновидом плагіату. Не погоджуючись із такою позицією, автор керувався тим, що плагіат становить вид порушення авторського права, тоді як академічний плагіат є порушенням академічної доброчесності. З позиції логіки ці поняття знаходяться у відношенні перетину (перехрещування), оскільки не будь-який академічний плагіат є плагіатом в авторсько-правовому розумінні, так само як і не кожен авторсько-правовий плагіат є академічним плагіатом. Виокремлено три категорії дій, які підпадають під ознаки плагіату та (або) академічного плагіату: дії, які є плагіатом в авторсько- правовому сенсі, проте не є академічним плагіатом; дії, які є одночасно і плагіатом в авторсько-правовому розумінні, і академічним плагіатом; дії, які є академічним плагіатом, але не є плагіатом в авторсько-правовому розумінні. Дане розмежування має важливе значення, оскільки плагіат і академічний плагіат обумовлюють настання різних за своїм характером правових наслідків. В першому випадку йдеться про цивільно-правовий захист авторського права та (або) притягнення плагіатора до адміністративної чи кримінальної відповідальності, що реалізується в судовому порядку. В другому випадку йдеться про заходи, передбачені законодавством про освіту («академічна відповідальність») і науку, застосування яких відбувається в позасудовому порядку. Наголошено на доцільності конкретизації у локальних нормативних актах (положеннях), які приймаються у закладах вищої освіти, того, які саме види академічної відповідальності можуть бути застосовані за конкретні види порушень академічної доброчесності, зокрема, за допущення академічного плагіату.
ДОСВІД ОКРЕМИХ КРАЇН ЄС У ПРОТИДІЇ ПРАВООХОРОННИХ ОРГАНІВ НЕЛЕГАЛЬНІЙ МІГРАЦІЇ
Authors: Монаєнко Антон Олексійович
Published: October 2023

У статті автор аналізує французький досвід протидії нелегальній міграції, проведення урядом Франції з політичних міркувань масштабних амністій, приймаючи рішення про легалізацію або впорядкування становища великої кількості нелегальних іммігрантів. За результатами аналізу італійського досвіду протидії нелегальній міграції встановлено, що посилення контролю над узбережжям Адріатичного моря призвело для Італії до зменшення кількості висадки нелегальних мігрантів на узбережжі південної Італії, але кількість спроб висадки на острів значно зросла. Італія належить до тих європейських держав, в яких активно застосовуються заходи, спрямовані на легалізацію мігрантів. Це доводить, що наявність значної кількості нелегальних мігрантів стала постійною ознакою імміграційних процесів в Італії, як і в інших приймаючих країнах Південної Європи. Проаналізовано комплекс італійських обмежувальних законів, що супроводжуються амністіями та іншими ліберальними положеннями, які призводять до погіршення якості протидії нелегальній імміграції. Іспанський досвід протидії правоохоронними органами незаконній міграції показав, що Іспанія є однією з головних країн Європи з найбільшою концентрацією нелегалів на її кордонах. В умовах слабкого міграційного контролю, наявності «пористих» кордонів із сусідніми державами та інших факторів виникла проблема нелегального в'їзду. Причиною нелегальної імміграції в Іспанію є сама імміграційна політика країни. За результатами аналізу виділено ряд регіонів, з яких приїжджають нелегали до Іспанії: Північна Африка (Марокко, Алжир та інші африканські країни); Латинська Америка (Колумбія, Еквадор, Домініканська Республіка); Східна Європа (Румунія, Україна, Польща); Китай та інші країни Азіатсько-Тихоокеанського регіону. Іспанська влада прийняла політику обмеження деяких прав іммігрантів: нелегальні іммігранти більше не мають права на страйк або будь-яке інше організоване вираження протесту, незважаючи на спротив з боку численних правозахисних організацій. Іспанія легалізувала деякі категорії мігрантів, які тривалий час проживають в країні і не вчинили за цей період жодних правопорушень. Існує ряд причин, які спонукали не тільки Іспанію, а й інші держави ЄС прийняти програми з легалізації іммігрантів. Перша, економічна, полягала в тому, що з уповільненням розвитку і зростанням безробіття в суспільстві зростало занепокоєння з приводу виходу іноземців на ринок праці. Друга причина – політична, вона виникла, коли кількість нелегалів в країні виявилася такою, що вирішити цю проблему в рамках нормальних процедур стало складно. Нові механізми регулювання в імміграційній політиці в Іспанії також спрямовані на зміну звички іспанців використовувати дешеву робочу силу нелегальних працівників. Розширено повноваження центральних та місцевих органів виконавчої влади в Іспанії щодо затримання та видворення нелегалів.
'Si no fuere tu hija ilustre': Women Writers’ Social Status in Early Modern Spain
Authors: Cruz Anne J.
Published: October 2023

The numbers of women writers of the early modern Spain currently identified have risen to over five hundred, with their writings catalogued and systematized by the Spanish data base Biblioteca de Escritoras Españolas (BIESES). The data base’s findings demonstrate the kinds of genres women writers selected, and includes archival documents, correspondence, and other kinds of documentation that reveal much more biographical information than previously obtained. What has yet to be studied more in depth, however, is the social status of the writers, as social origins were a crucial means of identifying one’s self, both from a psychological perspective as well as within society. This article examines the social stratification of writers to weigh their contributions, and arrives at the conclusion that while non-noble women tended to dedicate their time to writing literary works, whether poems, theater, or prose fiction; the few women of the titled nobility who wrote instead authored non-literary works such as correspondence and treatises that allowed them to participate significantly in political crises of the time.
Does Transformational Leadership Spur Organizational Performance? An Econometrical Human Resources Research
Authors: AMOKOMOYEN Japhet Mauraise Chrisostome
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance of selected construction firms in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja-Nigeria. This study proxed transformational leadership with inspirational communication and supportive leadership. The sample size used for this study was 212 based on the 450 population identified in the five (5) constructions companies in Abuja metropolis. Primary data was gathered through the mean of questionnaires that were administered to the employees of these organizations. Linear Regression Model (LRM) was used to analyze the data through SPSS Software. This study found that transformational leadership has direct and significant impact on the organizational performance. The study recommended therefore that firms in the construction industry should effectively apply the transformational leadership in their management process for them to be able to achieve a greater performance. JEL classification: M1, H11 Keywords: transformational leadership, supportive leadership, inspirational communication, organizational performance.
Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçenin Soydaşlara Öğretiminde Konuşma Becerisinin Gelişimini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Tespiti
Authors: UYSAL Sinem
Published: October 2023

There are certain stages and skill areas in teaching a foreign language. While an individual learns a language, primarily reading and listening skills develop. A learner who gains competence in these areas begins to improve his writing and speaking skills. First of all, the mind receives information related to the new language and begins to progress in writing and speaking skills by moving to the production stage. While reading, listening and writing skills, which are among these skill areas, continue their course, the desired efficiency cannot be achieved in speaking skills. Speaking skill, which we can call the most important of these skills, has actually been an indicator of how much a language is known. It will be a little difficult for someone who is good at listening and writing skills but not at the desired level in speaking skills to communicate in that language. Studies on speaking skills are limited, as it is such an important tool that people need most throughout their lives. The written products are generally aimed at the development of this skill, and a limited number of works talk about the factors affecting the speaking skill. Factors affecting speaking skills in teaching Turkish to foreigners are extremely important for the development of this skill. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting speaking skills in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Since quantitative and qualitative research methods will be used together in the study, mixed method was chosen. The quantitative part of the research will consist of a survey to be administered to students and content analysis, while the qualitative part will consist of data collection tools such as one-on-one interview form, focus interview and document analysis. Key Words: Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language, Four Basic Skills, Speaking Skills, Factors Affecting Speaking Skills
IMPACT OF CHLORIDE AND LEAD ION CONTENT IN OPEN WATER SOURCES IN KYZYLORDA REGION ON POPULATION’S CANCER INCIDENCE
Authors: Rakhimbekova F. , Orazgaliyeva M. , Goncharova T.
Published: October 2023

Relevance: In 2004-2013, the cumulative cancer incidence was about 200 cases per 100 thousand in Kazakhstan, while in the disaster area of Aral Sea – about 225 cases per 100 thousand. For comparison, cancer incidence in the prosperous region of Karaganda was 140 cases per 100,000 population. As of 2021, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Kyzylorda was 17.73 compared to 5.81 per 100,000 population in 2015.
Factors of the surrounding macro- and microenvironment are trigger factors for tumor initiation. Salt deposits of the dried Aral Sea in the form of solonchaks spread to the territory of the entire Kyzylorda region. Pesticides and process water have been discharged into rivers for many years, which has led to the accumulation of heavy metal salts in water and soil on the banks of the rivers and in the place of the dried-up Aral Sea, which in turn can affect the increase in cancer incidence.
The study aimed to study the dependence of cancer incidence on water pollution by ions of chlorine and lead in open water bodies in the Kyzylorda region.
Methods: Analysis of cancer incidence in 2021 by localization: intestines, stomach, sarcomas, lungs, and melanomas in the Kyzylorda region. Determination of the content of chlorine ions by titration with silver nitrate, spectrophotometric determination of lead ions in the open water sources. Comparative correlation analysis of the concentration of chlorine ions and lead with cancer incidence in this region.
Results: The maximum permissible chlorine and lead ions concentrations in all studied open water sources of the Kyzylorda region exceeded the norm by 1.024-20.26 times and 1.4-14.1 times, respectively. The presence of chlorides in the water increased intestine cancer incidence by 17% with an approximation certainty of 0.38. The presence of lead in water increased the incidence of melanomas by 22%, with an approximation certainty of 0.79. The correlation coefficient was r=0.618; p=0.07 for exceeding chlorides’ MPC and bowel cancer incidence.
Conclusion: Heavy metals like lead in water samples in regions with increased cancer incidence indicate a co-dependent relationship of these factors. Pollutants such as chlorides and lead increase intestine cancer and melanoma incidence.
FEATURES OF ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF DIFFUSE GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Batyrbekov K. , Galiakbarova A.
Published: October 2023

Relevance: Linitis plastica denotes a diffuse type of carcinoma, which accounts for 3-19% of gastric adenocarcinoma. It is characterized by rigidity of most or all of the stomach without a filling defect or extensive ulceration.
The article describes the experience of endoscopic diagnostics of patients diagnosed with Linitis Plastica during 2019-2022 and the
1st half of 2023 at the Center for Expert Endoscopy and Interventional Radiology of the National Research Oncology Center (NROC),
Astana, Kazakhstan.
The study aimed to evaluate the features of the use of endoscopic diagnostic methods in diagnosing diffuse gastric cancer.
Methods: а retrospective analysis of diagnosed cases of diffuse gastric cancer in the center of expert endoscopy was carried out
from 2019 to the 1st half of 2023.
Results: All patients were initially examined in polyclinics at their place of residence by computed tomography gastroscopy with
biopsy and, upon receiving a negative morphological examination, were sent to us for expert examination and repeated biopsy. The
cohort included seven patients (2 men and five women) with an average age of 54.6 years (33 to 71 years). Expert gastroscopy and a
special technique for taking biopsy material from the gastric mucosa helped make the correct morphological diagnosis for all seven
patients with suspected diffuse gastric cancer. Considering the local and generalized metastases and concomitant pathologies, only
four patients underwent surgery, and three were administered only chemotherapy. Five patients have died, and two continue palliative chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Plastic gastritis is a form of adenocarcinoma that usually manifests itself at an advanced stage when drug therapy is
usually unsuitable. The prognosis can be improved with complete resection. Surgical intervention should be performed only in cases
where complete resection is expected. Expert gastroscopy and the use of a special technique for taking biopsy material (according to
J. Rohl) from the gastric mucosa increases the morphological value of biopsies and gives a chance to confirm the diagnosis of diffuse
gastric cancer and quickly begin surgical treatment or palliative chemotherapy.
RISK FACTORS AND EARLY SIGNS OF CRITICAL CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA ADMITTED TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: KURAKBAYEV Ye. , TURDALIYEVA B. , MANZHUOVA L. , SCHUKIN V.
Published: October 2023

Relevance: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among children, accounting for nearly a quarter of all childhood cancers.
The study aimed to determine the risk factors and signs of critical conditions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: The approach used was a systematic review. Data was collected from sources published in 2019-2023. Four cohort studies, four retrospective analyses, two literature reviews, one case-control study, and one case study were included in this systematic review.
Results: The prognosis in pediatric ALL depends on the initial number of blast cells in the peripheral blood. Patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP ALL) and low blast cell numbers survived better than patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and low cell count. IL1B and NLRP1 genetic polymorphisms enhanced ALL risk and reduced infectious comorbidity. However, these gene polymorphisms must be confirmed in juvenile leukemia. KRAS, FLT3, NRAS, PTPN11, KMT2D, PTEN, and NOTCH1 gene mutations affected pediatric ALL patient features and treatment results. These mutations demonstrate the relevance of genetic profiling in risk classification and tailored management. Gene variations and availability of effective medication contributed. Pediatric BCP-ALL patients with the PAX5P80R mutation had worse 5-year overall survival, higher white blood cell counts, male preponderance, and more genetic abnormalities. Pediatric BCP-ALL focused on genetic analysis and risk stratification. Children of African American and European American ancestry showed varied incidence, recurrence, and outcome rates for ALL. African American children exhibited lower incidence but greater recurrence rates and poorer prognosis than European American children.
Conclusion: Risk factors for these patients’ admission to ICU include comorbidities, infectious diseases, hypoxia, and hemodynamic instability, as well as age and baseline white blood cell count at diagnosis.
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT FOR CANCER PATIENTS IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors: Davanov Sh. , Musina L.
Published: October 2023

Relevance: The modern medicine, evaluating patients’ nutritional status is a priority for many specialists. The incidence of nutritional deficiency in cancer pathology increases annually by 65-85%. The nutritional status of patients is represented by a decrease in life expectancy, deterioration of immediate and long-term treatment results, a decrease in the tolerability of therapy, and a decrease in the quality of life. Early detection of nutritional insufficiency and evaluation of the patient’s nutritional status makes it possible for early provision of nutritional therapy and has a positive effect before the operation, during and after the operating period, reduces postoperative complications, and reduces the duration of stay in the hospital. This article reflects on the features of evaluating the nutritional status and methods of correction of clinical nutrition.
The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of cancer patients’ nutrition in the early postoperative period and determine the optimal method of its implementation.
Methods: We compared the clinical effectiveness of enteral and parenteral nutrition methods in the complex of postoperative therapeutic measures on the hepato-pancreatic-duodenal zone.
Results: On Days 10-12 after surgery, 12 out of 17 control group patients had normal nutritional status judging by their Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and five had moderate malnutrition. After enteral nutrition was added (on Days 13-15), no malnutrition cases in this group were detected. The total blood protein in the subjects showed a significant difference between the average values of indicators in clinical groups for the entire study period (p<0.05). The average total blood protein by Day 8 after surgery was 62.5±10.0 g/L in the leading group and 57.5±10.1 g/L in the control group. The change in the blood biochemical composition was due to the volume, duration, and nature of the surgical intervention.
Conclusion: When using nutritional therapy in cancer patients operated on for tumors of the hepato-pancreatic-duodenal zone in the early postoperative period, the enteral route of administration of nutrient mixtures is preferred, provided there is no pronounced intestinal paresis and purulent discharge from the stomach.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PRESSURIZED INTRAPERITONEAL AEROSOL CHEMOTHERAPY (PIPAC) FOR OVARIAN CANCER WITH PERITONEAL METASTASES IN TAJIKISTAN
Authors: Hojieva M.
Published: October 2023

Relevance: Ovarian cancer is the most aggressive form among all nosologies of the female reproductive system. More than 75% of women are diagnosed at advanced stages, and about 60% have metastases to other organs at diagnosis. Systemic chemotherapy has a limited effect on the peritoneum and a high incidence of side effects. There is a need for more effective approaches to prolong survival and preserve quality of life by reducing disease symptoms and treatment side effects, especially in countries with limited health resources.
The study aimed to evaluate the preliminary results of using pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) in patients with ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastases.
Methods: 18 women with disease stage T3a-cN0M0 treated at the Republican Cancer Research Center for 2022-2023 were studied. The first group included six patients who underwent cytoreduction + PIPAC at the 1st stage, and the second group (12 women) underwent exploratory laparotomy + biopsy + PIPAC at the 1st stage. Patients in both groups received two courses of chemotherapy followed by a repeat of PIPAC. Taxanes + platinum-containing drugs were used in the PIPAC process — cisplatin or carboplatin with doxorubicin. Each patient received 2 PIPAC sessions and 4 to 6 chemotherapy courses with cytoreductive surgery. All patients underwent laparoscopic control with a reassessment of the Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index (PCI) by Sugarbaker (2010) and repeated biopsy of the peritoneum.
Results: The use of cytoreductive surgery + PIPAC at the first stage made it possible to level the symptoms of peritoneal carcinomatosis, to achieve a complete radiological response in 12 (67%) cases, a complete morphological response in the form of complete regression in 44%, a moderate response in 39% of cases
Conclusion: The use of PIPAC with a cytoreductive component at the first stage of combined treatment of ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastases improves immediate results and patient’s quality of life and reduces the hospital stay. The research is ongoing.
GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN BREAST CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Kaidarova D. , Omarbayeva N. , Omarov D. , Abdrakhmanova A. , Smagulova K. , Goncharova T.
Published: October 2023

Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the major health problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are used to identify genetic factors contributing to breast cancer development in Kazakhstan and worldwide. The GWAS method consistently helps to find associations between certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome and the development of pathological conditions, including breast cancer, by identifying more than 170 genomic sites. In addition to searching for loci associated with BC, these studies have expanded our understanding of BC heritability using SNPs located in regulatory areas and identifying DNA variants associated with drug metabolism for treatment personalization purposes.
The study aimed to highlight the key concepts of modern methods in genetics based on GWAS.
Methods: A literature search in PubMed, Scopus, GWAS Catalog, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, etc., was performed to select and analyze relevant information.
Results: The article describes significant GWAS studies in the field of breast cancer, describes certain genes associated with the development of the disease, identifies shortcomings, and identifies further strategies for the development of GWAS in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Conclusion: The results of this study have improved our understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to breast cancer risk and may ultimately lead to the development of new targeted therapies for the disease.
ЗАДАЧА ДИРИХЛЕ ДЛЯ УРАВНЕНИЯ СМЕШАННОГО ТИПА С ОПЕРАТОРОМ ЛАВРЕНТЬЕВА–БИЦАДЗЕ
Authors: Сабитов Камиль
Published: October 2023

В работе для уравнения смешанного типа в прямоугольной области исследована на корректность постановки первой граничной задачи. Установлен критерий единственности. Решение задачи Дирихле построено в виде суммы ряда Фурье.
О ЗАДАЧЕ КОШИ ДЛЯ ОДНОГО ОБЫКНОВЕННОГО ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО УРАВНЕНИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ОПЕРАТОР РИМАНА-ЛИУВИЛЛЯ С ФУНКЦИЕЙ БЕССЕЛЯ В ЯДРЕ
Authors: Уринов Ахмаджон , Усмонов Дониёр
Published: October 2023

В данной работе исследуется задача Коши для неоднородного обыкновенного дифференциального уравнения, содержащего дробный дифференциальный оператор в смысле Римана-Лиувилля c функцией Бесселя в ядре. Поставленная задача эквивалентно сведена к интегральному уравнению Вольтерра второго рода. Методом последовательных приближений найдено решение интегрального уравнения. Доказано, что найденное решение действительно удовлетворяет условиям поставленной задачи. Получена оценка найденного решения. При выводе формулы для решения поставленной задачи выведена новая специальная функция, которая в частном случае следует функция Миттага – Леффлера. Изучено свойства введенной функции, в частности, выписаны формулы дифференцирования для неё.