bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel mutations of DAX1 (NR0B1) in two Chinese families with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Qin Guijun , Ji Hongfei , Li Xialian , Ma Xiaokun , Wang Danping
Published: July 2015

Objective: To analyze the DAX1 (NR0B1) (dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) critical region on the X chromosome gene 1) gene in two Chinese families with AHC and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HHG).

Patients and methods: Two families with 4 affected males, 5 carrier females, and 4 unaffected males were investigated. Sequencing of the entire 1413-bp coding region of DAX1 (NR0B1) gene was performed in both patients and their family members.

Results: Two different novel DAX1 (NR0B1) mutations located within exon 1, an insertional mutation at codon 35 leading to a frameshift and a premature stop at codon 46, and a deletion mutation at codon 331 leading to a frameshift and a premature stop at codon 371 were detected. The mothers and sisters of the patients were heterozygotes for the mutations, while their fathers did not carry the mutations.

Conclusions: Two novel DAX1 (NR0B1) mutations were detected in two Chinese families. These data indicate that molecular analysis of the DAX1 (NR0B1) gene is important for the diagnosis and genetic counseling of children with primary adrenal insufficiency.
Antenatal Bartter syndrome presenting as hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria: a case report and review
Authors: Gross Itai , Siedner-Weintraub Yael , Simckes Ari , Gillis David
Published: July 2015

Antenatal type I Bartter syndrome (ABS) is usually identified by the presence of polyhydramnios, premature delivery, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2)-encoding
Randomized clinical trial evaluating metformin versus oral contraceptive pills in the treatment of adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Al-Zubeidi Hiba , Klein Karen O.
Published: July 2015

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by irregular menses, elevated androgens, and insulin resistance. Little information is published about the treatment of adolescent PCOS.

The aim of this study was to evaluate metformin versus oral contraceptive pills (OCP) in treating adolescent PCOS. Twenty-two girls were randomized to either treatment for 6 months. The outcomes variables included body mass index (BMI) and free testosterone (FT).

BMI decreased in all patients (metformin p=0.004, OCP p=0.045). FT decreased significantly only with OCP. Insulin resistance measures decreased in all patients but did not reach significance. The only significant difference in any of the variables between the two groups was number of menses. BMI and FT remained less than baseline for 3 months off treatment.

Metformin and OCP have a positive effect on BMI, which persists after treatment is discontinued. FT decreased with both treatments, but only reached significance with OCP.
Therapy monitoring in congenital adrenal hyperplasia by dried blood samples
Authors: Wieacker Isabelle , Peter Michael , Borucki Katrin , Empting Susann , Roehl Friedrich-Wilhelm , Mohnike Klaus
Published: July 2015

Careful monitoring of the therapy is crucial for patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in order to prevent the effects of increased androgen production as well as life-threatening salt-wasting crisis. The key metabolite, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) can be detected in serum, saliva or dried blood. In clinical practice there are challenges due to discomfort of venous blood sampling and complicated retrieval of saliva during infancy. Furthermore, the immunoassay method is limited in its specificity due to cross-reactions. In this observational study we prospectively examined over a period of 5 years, 20 patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency using standard immunoassays for serum samples (radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in dried blood spots. Bland-Altman plots show goodness of agreement between both the methods for the desirable therapeutic concentration range of 17-OHP. LC-MS/MS is characterized by a high accuracy in the therapeutic concentration range of 17-OHP <100 nmol/L (r=0.91). Dried blood samples are convenient and reliable specimen for 17-OHP measured by LC-MS/MS. This method could be used for home monitoring of hydrocortisone replacement therapy both in salt-waster and simple virilizer CAH.
17βHSD-3 enzyme deficiency due to novel mutations in the HSD17B3 gene diagnosed in a neonate
Authors: Sagsak Elif , Aycan Zehra , Savas-Erdeve Senay , Keskin Meliksah , Cetinkaya Semra , Karaer Kadri
Published: July 2015

17-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD-3) is present almost exclusively in the testes, and converts androstenedione (A) to testosterone (T). 17βHSD-3 deficiency is rare. The diagnosis can be missed in early childhood as the clinical presentation may be subtle. The most frequent presentation of 17 HSD-3 deficiency is a 46,XY individual with female external genitalia, labial fusion and a blind ending vagina, with or without clitoromegaly. A low testosterone/androstenedion (T/A) ratio is suggestive of 17βHSD-3 deficiency, and such diagnosis can be confirmed with molecular genetic studies. A 12-day newborn was referred to our hospital because of palpable gonads in the labia majora. On physical examination, the baby had female external genitalia and palpable gonads in the labia majora. T/A ratio was 0.26 and the diagnosis was 17βHSD-3 deficiency, which was confirmed by the evidence of compound heterozygousity novel frameshift mutations in exon 9 and 10 of
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children – a survey on the current practice in the UK
Authors: Niranjan Usha , Natarajan Anuja
Published: July 2015

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in children varies in presentation and progression with several challenges in optimal management. Effective treatment is to achieve normal growth and development while avoiding adrenal crisis and hyperandrogenisation.

Our aim was to ascertain the current practice in the UK on CAH management in children in comparison with the recommendations made by the Endocrine Society.

An online survey was emailed to the British Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (BSPED) members requesting a response from each centre regarding CAH management.

The survey was completed by 35 out of 92 centres (38% response rate). Tertiary centres constituted 22/35, while 8/35 were district general hospitals providing tertiary services. Treatment varied among centres with 25/35 using 10–15 mg/m

Our survey highlights the diversity in managing children with CAH in the UK as compared with the recommendations of the Endocrine Society. It also demonstrates inconsistent involvement of essential specialist services, which are essential for optimal management of this condition.
Case report: long-term follow-up of a 45,X male with SHOX haploinsufficiency
Authors: Grover Monica , French Shannon , Yazdani Parvin
Published: July 2015

The 45,X disorder of sexual differentiation (DSD) is a rare disorder. We report long-term follow-up of a 5-year-old African-American male whose evaluation for short stature revealed a karyotype of 45,X der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.3;p11.2)(SRY+). Presence of the
Successful use of continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion after bilateral adrenalectomy secondary to bilateral pheochromocytoma
Authors: Broussard Julia R. , Mitre Naim
Published: July 2015

We report the use of continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion in an adolescent patient with primary adrenal insufficiency. This novel hydrocortisone delivery method proved to be a feasible, well-tolerated and safe option for selected patients with poor response to conventional therapy.
Cytometric analysis of perforin expression in NK cells, CD8+, and CD4+ lymphocytes in children with autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – a preliminary study
Authors: Popko Katarzyna , Osińska Iwona , Kucharska Anna , Demkow Urszula
Published: July 2015

Perforin plays an essential role in cytotoxicity of natural killers (NK) and CD8+ lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity of T and NK cells is one of the mechanisms of destruction of cells in Hashimoto’s disease (HD). The aim of this study was analysis of the expression of perforin in CD8+, CD4+, and NK cells and cytotoxic abilities of these cells in children with HD compared to healthy controls. The expression of perforin and surface antigens, as well as cytotoxicity were analyzed with a flow cytometry. Lower expression of perforin in CD8+ and NK was found in HD compared to controls (p=0.01; p=0.004). A significant correlation between perforin expression in CD8+ lymphocytes and in NK was observed (p=0.05). The spontaneous cytotoxicity of NK was significantly higher in HD compared to controls (p=0.04). Our results suggest that perforin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
A Relevance–Theoretical Account of Three Arabic Pragmatic Operators of Concession in a Political Discourse
Authors: Al-Jarrah Rasheed S. , Abu Dalu Ahmad M. , Jarrah Marwan
Published: July 2015

The present study aims at explaining how the Relevance Theory could be a viable approach to weigh up the main functions of some concessive Pragmatic Operators (henceforth POs) in Jordanian Arabic at the production and interpretation levels. A sample of twenty-two speeches delivered by members of the Jordanian Parliament the 16th was randomly selected for scrutiny. Three POs (namely, laakin, bal and wa) detected in their speeches were analyzed at the token level in light of three elementary RT assumptions about discourse connectives in general, namely connectivity (Fraser 1996), the conceptual-procedural distinction (Blakemore 1987, 1988, 1992, 2002; Wilson and Sperber 1993; Grice 1989), and monosemy (Fretheim 2000; cf. Borderia 2008). The major finding of this study was that concessive POs, as a subset of contrastives, are used to optimize relevance: highlight certain dimensions and/or suppress others of the scenario to the background. However, the point of departure from possibly all previous treatments is that the speakers, as politicians, still used them more strategically because total ambiguity resolution should not be a viable alternative in social settings laden with politics.
The disilanes Cp*SiCl2SiH3 and Cp*SiH2SiH2Cp*
Authors: Fritzsche Ronny , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Mehring Michael
Published: July 2015

Hydrogenation of Cp*SiCl
Peristaltic Transport of Visco-Elasto-Plastic Fluids in a Planar Channel
Authors: Asghar Zaheer , Ali Nasir
Published: July 2015

We numerically investigate peristaltic transport of incompressible visco-elasto-plastic fluids in a two-dimensional symmetric channel. The constitutive equation used for extra stress tensor is of more general form as it includes a number of well-known models like Maxwell A and B, Johnson–Segalman, Oldroyd-B, and Bingham models as its special cases. A detailed mathematical modelling of the problem is presented. The flow equations in the wave frame reduce to a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation in stream function by the implication of widely taken assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The solution of the problem is obtained by two ways; namely, shooting method and Matlab built in routine bvp4c, and their comparison shows an excellent agreement. A parametric study based on bvp4c solution is performed to see the effects of parameters on velocity profile, pressure rise per wavelength, frictional forces, and trapping phenomenon.
Photoionization Yields in Intense fs-Laser Fields – A Systematic Investigation of Chirp Effects
Authors: Reusch Nicola , Griebe Steffen , Karges Johannes , Weitzel Karl-Michael
Published: July 2015

The femtosecond laser ionization of several small hydrocarbon
molecules (methane, ethane, propane) has been investigated as
a function of the second order spectral phase (linear chirp)
of laser pulses centered at λ = 807 nm. Ion
yields are demonstrated to depend markedly on the linear chirp
parameter. At laser intensities exceeding
5 · 1014 W/cm2 the ionization characteristics resemble
an intensity-driven process, i.e. the largest ion yield is
observed for a close to transform-limited laser pulse. For
smaller laser intensities a pronounced sign effect in the
chirp dependence appears, i.e. the maximum ion yield is
observed for a negative linear chirp parameter of several
hundred to thousand fs2. We suggest that this sign
effect is connected to the anharmonicity of the electronic
potentials involved. This suggestion is supported by the fact
that basically no sign effect in the chirp dependence is
observed for the noble gases argon, krypton and xenon. We
further suggest that the electronic polarizability and
structure plays some role as methanol does not show a marked
sign-dependent chirp effect.
The Reaction Kinetics of Amino Radicals with Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Gao Yide , Glarborg Peter , Marshall Paul
Published: July 2015

Application of the laser photolysis–laser-induced fluorescence method
to the reaction NH2 + SO2 in argon bath gas yields
pressure-dependent, third-order kinetics which may be summarized as
k = (1.49 ± 0.15) × 10−31
(T/298 K)−0.83 cm6 molecule
–2 s
–1
over 292–555 K, where the uncertainty is the
95% confidence interval and includes possible systematic
errors. The quenching of vibrationally excited NH2 is
consistent with a high-pressure limit for
NH2 + SO2 of (1.62 ± 0.25) × 10−11 cm3 molecule
–1 s
–1 over the temperature
range 295–505 K, where again the 95% confidence
interval is shown. Ab initio analysis yields
a H2N–SO2 dissociation enthalpy of
73.5 kJ mol
–1, and comparison with RRKM theory and the
exponential down model for energy transfer yields 〈ΔE〉down = 350 cm
–1 for Ar at
room temperature.
What Use Is Population Genetics?
Authors: Charlesworth Brian
Published: July 2015

The Genetic Society of America’s Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is awarded to an individual GSA member for lifetime achievement in the field of genetics. For over 40 years, 2015 recipient Brian Charlesworth has been a leader in both theoretical and empirical evolutionary genetics, making substantial contributions to our understanding of how evolution acts on genetic variation. Some of the areas in which Charlesworth’s research has been most influential are the evolution of sex chromosomes, transposable elements, deleterious mutations, sexual reproduction, and life history. He also developed the influential theory of background selection, whereby the recurrent elimination of deleterious mutations reduces variation at linked sites, providing a general explanation for the correlation between recombination rate and genetic variation.
“Wrecks of Ancient Life”: Genetic Variants Vetted by Natural Selection
Authors: Postlethwait John H
Published: July 2015

The Genetics Society of America’s George W. Beadle Award honors individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the community of genetics researchers and who exemplify the qualities of its namesake as a respected academic, administrator, and public servant. The 2015 recipient is John Postlethwait. He has made groundbreaking contributions in developing the zebrafish as a molecular genetic model and in understanding the evolution of new gene functions in vertebrates. He built the first zebrafish genetic map and showed that its genome, along with that of distantly related teleost fish, had been duplicated. Postlethwait played an integral role in the zebrafish genome-sequencing project and elucidated the genomic organization of several fish species. Postlethwait is also honored for his active involvement with the zebrafish community, advocacy for zebrafish as a model system, and commitment to driving the field forward.
Under Tension: Kinetochores and Basic Research
Authors: Biggins Sue
Published: July 2015

The Genetics Society of America’s Edward Novitski Prize recognizes an extraordinary level of creativity and intellectual ingenuity in the solution of significant problems in genetics research. The 2015 winner, Sue Biggins, has made significant contributions to our understanding of how chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle, a process essential for cell division and frequently impaired in cancer. Among other achievements, Biggins was the first to demonstrate that the Aurora B protein kinase is a key regulator of kinetochore function and that chromatin composition and centromere identity can be regulated by histone proteolysis. In 2010, Biggins and her colleagues were the first to purify kinetochores and, using this system, have already made several groundbreaking discoveries about the function and structure of these crucial components of the segregation machinery.
The Effect of Sexual Debut and Health Risk Behaviours on the Baccalaureate Performance of Romanian Adolescents /Utjecaj prvog spolnog odnosa i rizičnog zdravstvenog ponašanja na uspjeh rumunjskih adolescenata na maturi
Authors: Degi Csaba Laszlo , Faludi Cristina
Published: July 2015

AbstractRelationship between sexual and health risk behaviours and school success is rarely investigated in Central-East European countries. The present project studies their impact on the results of the compulsory graduation examination, called Baccalaureate, in Romania. In this follow-up analysis 401 graduate high school students were surveyed. We measured scholastic achievement by means of the indicators of promotion and performance in standardized testing. The self-administered School Success Profile questionnaire included items on health-related (smoking, binge drinking, and illicit drug use) and sexual debut behaviours. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were conducted. Results show that students from rural and deprived communities, those obtaining failing grades in the last semester and involved in an unstable relationship at the sexual debut had significantly increased odds of failure and lower average grades in the final examination, when adjusted for age, sex, religious practice and health status. Within the framework of health education, school educators should not neglect the education for the reproductive health, and health education should accompany the adolescent throughout his/her life.Key words: emerging adults; school success; sexual debut.---SažetakMeđuodnos spolnog i rizičnog zdravstvenog ponašanja i školskog uspjeha rijetko se istražuje u zemljama središnje i istočne Europe. Ovim se projektom istražuje njihov učinak na rezultate obveznog maturalnog ispita (engl. Baccalaureate) u Rumunjskoj. U ovoj popratnoj analizi obrađeni su odgovori 401 maturanta. Izmjerili smo školski uspjeh s pomoću indikatora napretka i uspjeha u standardiziranim testovima. Upitnikom za samostalno popunjavanje o profilu školskoga uspjeha obuhvaćena su pitanja o rizičnom zdravstvenom ponašanju adolescenata (pušenje, neumjereno opijanje i ilegalna zloupotreba droga) i njihovim prvim spolnim odnosima. U analizi su upotrijebljene metode deskriptivne statistike i logističke regresije. Rezultati su pokazali da su učenici iz ruralnih krajeva, zahvaćenih oskudicom, koji su u posljednjem semestru ocijenjeni negativnim ocjenama i koji su bili u nestabilnim vezama u trenutku prvog spolnog odnosa imali velike predispozicije da padnu razred i dobiju niže prosječne ocjene na završnom ispitu, s korekcijom za dob, spol, vjeru i zdravstveno stanje. U okviru zdravstvenog odgoja nastavnici ne bi trebali zanemarivati edukaciju o reproduktivnom zdravlju, a znanje stečeno tijekom obrazovanja trebalo bi adolescente služiti tijekom cijelog njihova života.Ključne riječi: mladi odrasli ljudi; prvi spolni odnos; školski uspjeh.
Transversal Competences of University Students of Engineering/Transverzalne kompetencije studenata strojarstva
Authors: Hernandez-Linares Remedios , Agudo J. Enrique , Rico Mercedes , Sánchez Héctor
Published: July 2015

AbstractOne of the key changes of the European Higher Education Area is the implementation of a competence-based educational system. Students are now more than ever the axis around which the university system orbits. The competences that students should acquire during their studies include transversal competences, which are those competences related to leadership skills, problem solving, and teamwork, highly valued by labor market. This is particularly important in engineering, as these skills can influence the selection of one candidate over another. So, the evaluation and teaching of these kinds of competences are now some of the main challenges facing university professors as the corresponding learning objectives need to be set and assessed, both for study programs as well as for each individual subject, and this process is new for teachers. Focusing precisely on this aspect, our work, based on an empirical study conducted with a sample of 102 engineering students from the University Center of Merida, uses a tool to measure the progress of such students in different transversal competences. This tool not only allows us to evaluate the level of competence development, but also allows us to detect students’ areas of weakness in cross-curricular training that can then be addressed.  Key words: the Bologna process; competence based education; engineering education; higher education; labor market.---SažetakJedna od glavnih promjena europskog prostora visokog obrazovanja jest uspostava obrazovnog sustava uutemeljenog na kompetencijama. Studenti su u današnje vrijeme više nego ikada u središtu  oko kojega se vrti sveučilišni obrazovni sustav. Kompetencije koje bi studenti trebali steći tijekom svojeg studiranja uključuju transverzalne kompetencije, tj. one koje su povezane s vještinama rukovođenja, rješavanja problema i sa sposobnošću rada u timu, a koje su visoko cijenjene na tržištu rada. Te su osobine iznimno važne u strojarstvu, jer one mogu dati prednost kandidatu koji ih posjeduje. Dakle, evaluacija i poučavanje tim vrstama vještina sada predstavljaju glavne izazove s kojima se sveučilišni profesori suočavaju, jer se odgovarajući obrazovni ishodi moraju postaviti i ocijeniti, i za sveučilišne studijske programe i za svaki pojedinačni kolegij, a taj je proces nastavnicima potpuno nov. Usredotočujući se upravo na taj aspekt, naš rad, koji se temelji na empirijskom istraživanju provedenom na uzorku od 102 studenta strojarstva sa Sveučilišnog centra u Meridi, koristi se alatom kojim možemo utvrditi napredak tih studenata u području različitih transverzalnih kompetencija. Taj alat ne samo da nam omogućava procjenu stupnja razvoja kompetencija nego nam također omogućava prepoznavanje slabih područja studenata u međukurikularnom obrazovanju, na kojima se kasnije može dodatno raditi.Ključne riječi: Bolonjski proces; obrazovanje uutemeljeno na kompetencijama; obrazovanje u području strojarstva; tržište rada; visoko obrazovanje.
Novedades en Huperzia Bernh. (Lycopodiaceae) de Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: July 2015

Se describe una especie nueva y se amplía la distribución de dos especies más de Huperzia (Lycopodiaceae) en Costa Rica. La nueva especie H. oellgaardii A. Rojas se compara con H. taxifolia (Sw.) Trevis. y difiere por varias características que se detallan en la descripción de la especie. H. chiricana (Maxon) Holub y H. lancifolia (Maxon) Holub se registran de nuevas localidades de Costa Rica.
Revisión del género Dichapetalum (Dichapetalaceae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Kriebel Ricardo , Rodríguez Alexánder
Published: July 2015

Se presenta una revisión del género Dichapetalum (Dichapetalaceae) en Costa Rica. Se describen e ilustran dos especies nuevas: D. inopinatum y D. reliquum. Se agregan notas fenológicas y especímenes examinados, además de discusiones sobre las 14 especies del país.
Utricularia uxoris (Lentibulariaceae), una nueva especie costarricense de la Sect. Orchidioides
Authors: Gómez-Laurito Jorge
Published: July 2015

Una nueva especie de Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae), sect. Orchidioides, se describe y se ilustra en este artículo. U. uxoris se distingue por su hábito delicado, de corta estatura, y sus flores pequeñas, glabras y de color verde, con la espuela blanca.
Algunas plantas en billetes, boletos de café y cafetales de Costa Rica (1836 – 2004)
Authors: Vargas-Zamora José , Gómez-Laurito Jorge
Published: July 2015

Los billetes bancarios y los boletos de café de Costa Rica incluyen ilustraciones de varias plantas. La hoja del acanto (Acanthus sp.) es utilizada como ornamentación en muchos billetes desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta finales del siglo XX. La ilustración botánica más conocida es la orquídea Guarianthe skinneri, flor nacional de Costa Rica, incluida en el anverso de los billetes de 5 colones emitidos de 1968 a 1992. El grabado más común desde 1935 en las monedas es la rama (bandola) del café (Coffea arabica) con frutos. Los boletos de café, en uso en Costa Rica desde la mitad del siglo XIX, incluyen varias formas de representar al arbusto del cafeto. También se utilizaron boletos con ilustraciones de varias especies de otras plantas, como el mirto (Myrtus communis). La industria cafetalera en Costa Rica tuvo sus inicios en 1840 con las primeras exportaciones y se convirtió en el principal cultivo del país. En este trabajo citamos los nombres de algunas plantas asociadas a la actividad cafetalera, incluyendo algunas malezas, árboles utiliza- dos para definir los límites de los cafetales y para sombra, así como algunas fibras vegetales utilizadas en la elaboración de los canastos para recoger el fruto maduro.
Sinopsis de Neomirandea (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Alexánder
Published: July 2015

Se realiza una sinopsis de las especies del género Neomirandea (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) de Costa Rica. Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie y se comentan sus afinidades.
Crecimiento de Barkeria lindleyana (Orchidaceae) en un hábitat suburbano de Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde Rojas Idannia
Published: July 2015

Mediante técnicas de muestreo en 15 parcelas de 20 x 20 m ubicadas en San Juan de Dios, una localidad suburbana de Costa Rica, se estudiaron algunas condiciones del hábitat relacionadas con el establecimiento de Barkeria lindleyana (Orchidaceae) en plantas hospederas de jardines y pequeñas fincas. Se analizaron dos variables: la intensidad de luz y la ubicación en las ramas. Los resultados sugieren que B. lindleyana puede establecerse en diferentes intensidades de luz. Sin embargo, el análisis de la ubicación muestra que el promedio de orquídeas en el extremo distal de las ramas (donde la luminosidad es mayor) es significativamente mayor que los promedios en las posiciones intermedia y basal. Además, las plantas más robustas y saludables fueron observadas a alta intensidad lumínica. Este resultado y las adaptaciones morfológicas que muestra esta especie indican que es una de las llamadas orquídeas de ramitas.
Drymonia tomentulifera, sp. nova de Costa Rica, y notas sobre la biología reproductiva del género Drymonia (Gesneriaceae: Episcieae)
Authors: Kriebel Ricardo
Published: July 2015

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie del género neotropical Drymonia, D. tomentulifera, y se compara con D. pilifera. Se incluyen notas sobre la biología reproductiva del género Drymonia, con énfasis en la protandria.
Domesticación y fitoquímica de Quassia amara (Simaroubaceae) en el trópico húmedo de Costa Rica
Authors: Díaz Roberto , Hernández Lorena , Ocampo Rafael , Cicció José
Published: July 2015

Se describen algunas características de Quassia amara, tales como taxonomía, distribución, usos, farmacognosia y algunas actividades biológicas. Se presentan actividades experimentales relacionadas con ecología, conservación y domesticación en Costa Rica. Se discuten detalles sobre el cultivo agroecológico, los métodos fitoquímicos y los resultados de su aplicación para controlar la producción de cuasina y neocuasinas, según la edad de las plantas.
Three new species of Marcgraviaceae from Costa Rica, with references to related species and notes on the generic placement of Schwartzia jimenezii
Authors: Hammel Barry
Published: July 2015

Se describen, ilustran y comparan con especies afines Marcgravia glanduloso-marginata, Ruy- schia moralesii y Schwartzia tarrazuensis, epífitas leñosas principalmente de bosques lluviosos de alturas medias en la cordillera costeña pacífica de Costa Rica, al sur de San José. La nueva especie de Marcgravia se conoce también de Panamá y Colombia; las otras dos especies son endémicas en Costa Rica.
Morphological and molecular characterization of species of Tulasnella (Homobasidiomycetes) associated with Neotropical plants of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae) occuring in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Paulo Ricardo , Van den Berg Cassio , Goes-Neto Aristoteles
Published: July 2015

Tullasnella spp. have been found forming mycorhizal associations with plants of all Orchidaceae subfamilies, and they are one of the main symbionts in partially micoheterotrophic plants (Taylor et al. 2002). Little is known about mycorhizal fungi of Neotropical Orchidaceae, especially in Laeliinae that occur in distinct environments such as “Restingas”, Seasonal Forests and “Campos Rupestres” (Cruz et al. 2003, Britto et al. 1993, França et al. 1997, Withner 2000).
Are our orchids safe down under? A national assessment of threatened orchids in Australia
Authors: Backhouse Gary
Published: July 2015

Australia has about 1700 species of orchids, com- prising about 1300 named species in about 190 gen- era, plus at least 400 undescribed species (Jones 2006, pers. comm.). About 1400 species (82%) are geophytes, almost all deciduous, seasonal species, while 300 species (18%) are evergreen epiphytes and/or lithophytes. At least 95% of this orchid flora is endemic to Australia. While the tropical and subtropi- cal epiphytic/lithophytic orchid flora is low by world standards, the temperate terrestrial orchid flora is amongst the richest and most diverse of any compara- ble region in the world.
The status of orchid conservation in China
Authors: Jiansheng Jia
Published: July 2015

Orchids are a flag group in plant conservation. China has not a rich orchid flora, with only about 1200 specie in about 170 genera, but it is distin- guished by having a wider range of broad ecosystem types. On orchid vegetative morphology, a feature reflecting environmental conditions, China has equal numbers of terrestrial and epiphytic (including litho- phytic) genera. This feature is quite different from the tropical zone where epiphytic orchids are majority and from the temperate regions where terrestrial orchids predominate, and is unique in the world orchids flora.
Genetic and morphological variation in the Bulbophyllum exaltatum (Orchidaceae) complex occurring in the Brazilian “Campos Rupestres”: implications for taxonomy and biogeography
Authors: Ribeiro Patricia Luz , Borba Eduardo , Smidt Eric , Lambert S.M. , Selbach-Schnadelbach A , Van der Berg Cassio
Published: July 2015

Bulbophyllum Thouars is a pantropical genus. It is one of the most species-rich genera of the Orchidaceae, with ca. 1.200 species (Dressler 1993). The genus pre- sents myophily (pollination by Diptera) as pollination syndrome. Because orchid species are mainly self- compatible, we expect that fly-pollinated orchids pre- sent low variability within the populations and high genetic differentiation among conspecific populations, due to the reduction of the gene flow (Borba & Semir 1998, Borba et al. 2001). This could help to explain the high number of species in genera of fly-pollinated orchids, most of them with restricted distribution.
In vitro propagation of Catlleya Lindl. and Laelia Lindl. species
Authors: Lavrentyeva Alla , Ivannikov Roman
Published: July 2015

Nowadays many wild species of South American’s orchids are under threat of extinction from over-col- lection and habitat destruction. Many tropical native orchid species were propagated in the National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine through a range of asymbiotic seed germi- nation techniques and tissue culture procedures aimed to preserve a number of individuals under artificial conditions in glasshouses in the temperate zone, with the aim to protect these species from complete extinc- tion. Our orchid collection includes plants of Cattleya and Laelia species. Some of these species are rare in the wild. To protect them from extinction the meth- ods of propagation should be developed.
Establishing an Orchid Conservation Alliance
Authors: Tobias Peter , De Almeida Braga Maria Do Rosario , Beckendorf Steven , Kaufmann Ronald
Published: July 2015

Almost every orchid society and orchid grower realizes that orchids in the wild are in danger of dis- appearing. The simple growth of the human popula- tion dictates that spaces that once were subject only to the vagaries of nature are now impacted by the human need for space to live and grow food. As orchid lovers, what can we do ?
Not a single orchid...
Authors: Zelenko Harry
Published: July 2015

We all know that the original intent of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species was for the protection of animals. Adding flora was an afterthought that seemed like a good idea at the time. But it has gotten out of hand, and CITES regulation is now deeply entrenched worldwide caus- ing unnecessary expense, heartache and aggravation, not to mention contributing to corruption, smuggling and who knows what else. But I sincerely believe that CITES has not saved one plant from extinction since its inception.
EPIDENDRA, the taxonomic databases by Jardín Botánico Lankester
Authors: Pupulin Franco
Published: July 2015

t may seem somehow out of line to present a new system of botanical databases in the context of a meeting on orchid conservation, for two main rea- sons. Even though botanists have been rather slow in upgrading to the use of electronic databases (with some early controversy regarding the desirability of the application of electronic data processing methods to taxonomic problems as a whole, see i.e. Shetler 1974), the dissemination of plant information via the web has grown steadily in recent years.
Sequencing re-defines Spiranthes relationships, with implications for rare and endangered taxa
Authors: Dueck Lucy , Cameron Kenneth
Published: July 2015

Species delimitation in the genus Spiranthes L.C. Richard (Spiranthinae, Cranichideae, Orchidoideae) has long been problematic, due mainly to morpholog- ical polymorphism confounded by hybridization and polyploidy, particularly in the S. cernua (L.) Rich. species complex (Correll 1950, Luer 1975, Sheviak 1982).
The species-area-energy relationship in orchids
Authors: Schödelbauerová Iva , Kindlmann Pavel , Roberts David
Published: July 2015

Area, energy available and latitude are the main factors influencing species richness: (1) species richness increases with area – the species-area relationship (SAR); (2) according to the species-energy rela- tionship (SER) the energy available to an assemblage (i.e. that which it can turn into biomass) at a particular spatial resolution influences the species richness; (3) there are more species per unit area in the tropics than in the temperate regions. To test the relative importance of area, energy available and latitude on species richness, we have collected data on species richness of orchids for various areas in the world and calculated the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a measure of energy availability in these areas. We show that area considered is always very important, and that latitude is more important than ener- gy available.
Does integrated conservation of terrestrial orchids work?
Authors: Swarts Nigel , Batty Andrew , Hopper Stephen , Dixon Kingsley
Published: July 2015

Effective plant conservation involves careful con- sideration and difficult choices when investing limit- ed resources to conservation programs and policies. The conservation practice must integrate the under- standing of existing and future environmental threats, taxonomic distinctiveness, numbers of individuals in populations, reproductive biology, ex situ propagation and the maintenance of evolutionary processes influ- encing population distribution patterns.
Rescuing Cattleya granulosa Lindley in the wild
Authors: Camara-Neto Clementino , Chaves-Camara Iuna , Carvalho de Medeiros Severino , De Almeida Braga Maria Do Rosario
Published: July 2015

The Orchid Society of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, through its Group of Experimental Interactive Research (SORN/GEPI), has been study- ing the occurrence of Cattleya granulosa Lindley, 1842, specifically in the coastal sand plain and dune vegetation (“restinga”) and in remaining patches of Atlantic Rainforest in the state.
The conservation of Madagascar’s orchids . A model for an integrated conservation project
Authors: Cribb Phillip , Hermans Johan
Published: July 2015

The fauna and flora of the large island of Madagascar, situated in the eastern Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa, has been recognised for many years as one of the most peculiar anywhere in the world, and as one of the most endangered. It has a rich orchid flora of about 1000 species.
Conservation of the group Piperia (Orchidaceae) and associated plant communities
Authors: Lauri Robert
Published: July 2015

The conservation and protection of California native orchids has not been a large focus recently. All California native orchids are terrestrial and many are associated with forest and woodland plant com- munities. However, a number are associated with the Mediterranean Climate plant community known as Chaparral; this includes at least three Piperia Rydb. species. Many Piperia populations and associated Chaparral plant communities have been impacted by human activity over the past several decades, howev- er, there is very little documentation regarding the size, and overall impact to the populations.
Effects of trampling on a terrestrial orchid environment
Authors: Light Marilyn , MacConaill Michael
Published: July 2015

Orchids and soil communities that support them may be affected when we monitor or conduct inves- tigative procedures, or through tourism especially during the blooming season, but this has never been investigated or quantified (Light 2004). The immedi- ate and direct effect of human disturbance including crushing of flowering plants and seedlings is obvious: broken stems are unlikely to resume growth and a season’s reproductive effort can be lost.
Orchids’ micropropagation for to the sustainable management of native species from Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Cotapata (PN-ANMI Cotapata), La Paz-Bolivia
Authors: López Roberts Cristina , Villegas Alvarado Gabriela , Mamani Sánchez Beatriz , Bermejo Franco Juan , Aguilar Llanos Milenka , Quezada Portugal Jorge
Published: July 2015

Bolivia is one of eleven countries with the highest biodiversity in earth, due to its variety of ecological belts, ecotones, biogeographic affinities, heterogenic habitats and total species number (Ibish 1996). Concerning to flora, approximately 20,000 angiosperms species have been registered (Beck 1998) and 1,500 of them are included in the Orchidaceae family. The region with the highest orchid diversity corresponds to the Yungas Mountain Forest which covers 4% of the national extension and has 60% of the species, being 80% of them endemic of the zone (Vásquez, 2004).
Desarrollo de cápsulas y germinación in vitro de Phragmipedium humboldtii, P. longifolium y P. pearcei
Authors: Muñoz Melania , Jiménez Víctor
Published: July 2015

Slipper orchids belonging to the genus Phragmipedium (subfam. Cypripedioideae) are seriously threatened and therefore listed in Appendix I of CITES. Less research has been conducted in this genus than in others belonging to the same subfamily. In this work, we evaluated development of capsules (seed pods) from Phragmipedium humboldtii, P. longifolium and P. peaarcei from the time of pollination until opening. Moreover, seed viability was tested with the tetrazolium method in each of the capsules that were subsequently used to evaluate the effect of light and two culture media (Knudson C vs. Murashige and Skoog half concentrated) on in vitro asymbiotic germination and seedling growth. 100% of the pollinated flowers developed capsules, which differentiated in terms of length and diameter among species. While the length of the capsules remained constant during development, their diameter increased during the first 6-8 weeks and then stopped. Time required for maturity and opening of the capsules also varied among species (31 weeks in P. humboldtii, 16 weeks in P. longifolium and 9.5 weeks in P. percei). Seed viability differed among species as well, averaging 34.3% in P. humboldtii, 44.7% in P. longifolium and 82.3% in P. pearcei. Furthermore, seed viability of each capsule was used to adjust the germination rate measured in each case. While very few P. humboldtii viable seeds germinated under the conditions tested (2.9%), better results were observed in the other two species (close to 40% germination). No significant effect of light/darkness regime or of culture medium was observed on germination. However, better growth of the germinated embryos was observed with the Knudson C medium and darkness conditions. Further subculture of the gro- wing plantlets under light conditions induced development of roots and allowed successful acclimatization of seedlings in the greenhouse.
Uso de complejos comerciales como sustitutos de componentes del medio de cultivo en la propagación in vitro de Laelia anceps
Authors: Romero-Tirado Rodrigo , Luna Rosales Bárbara , Barba Álvarez Amadeo
Published: July 2015

Las laelias son las orquídeas mexicanas más típicas que se han cultivado por siglos. Laelia anceps subsp. anceps habita bosques de encino cálidos en México, Guatemala y Honduras. Es una planta epífita de 25 a 50 cm de altura, con pseudobulbos elipsoide-ovoides con hoja solitaria y 2-3 flores grandes, usualmente de color rosa púrpura (Halbinger 1997).
Establishing a global network of orchid seed banks
Authors: Seaton Phillip
Published: July 2015

Although it would appear that very few orchid species have, as yet, become extinct in the wild, such are the threats to many orchid populations, this situa- tion appears unlikely to continue (Koopowitz, 2001). Just as significant as the loss of individual species is the erosion of genetic diversity within those species. As numbers decline the size of the gene pool reduces, and the rarer alleles begin to disappear.
Experimental reintroduction of the threatened terrestrial orchid Diuris fragrantissima
Authors: Smith Zoe , James Elizabeth , McLean Cassandra
Published: July 2015

Diuris fragrantissima D. L. Jones et M. A. Clem. is a perennial terrestrial orchid endemic to the state of Victoria, Australia. The species is listed as Critically Endangered in Victoria under the criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), having suf- fered a severe population decline since the 1930s, largely attributable to habitat destruction for agricul- tural and urban development.
Finding a mycorrhizal fungus for reintroductions of the threatened terrestrial orchid Diuris fragrantissima
Authors: Smith Zoe , James Elizabeth , McLean Cassandra
Published: July 2015

Australian terrestrial orchids rely on associations with suitable mycorrhizal fungi for in situ seed germi- nation and establishment, an important prerequisite for self sustaining populations. Finding an appropri- ate mycorrhizal fungus is therefore imperative to suc- cessful reintroductions. Reintroductions have been planned to conserve the terrestrial orchid Diuris fra- grantissima, which is Critically Endangered in Victoria, Australia, having been reduced to less than 25 plants at a single site.
Adquisición de competencia para la micropagación de Stanhopea tigrina, Laelia anceps, Epidendrum veroscriptum y Cattleya x Esbetts (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Tinoco Juárez Mario Sinaí , Mata Rosas Martín
Published: July 2015

Regeneration protocols were established from the in vitro culture of protocormos of Stanhopea tigrina, Epidendrum veroscriptum, Laelia anceps and Cattleya x esbetts using the Murashige and Skoog culture medium added with different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) (0, 1, 3, y 5 mg/l) y 2,4 dichlorofenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D). The regeneration and formation of new plantlets was achieved by multiple shoot and also through protocorm like bodies (PLBs). For each species the best concentration of growth regulator, as well as the time of acquisition of competence for the highest shoot formation and/or PLBs were deter- mined. As far as we know there are no reports with reference to the acquisition of competence within the Orchidaceae family that allow the production of many individuals within the shortest time and reducing the financial cost. This could form the base that covers their commercial demand and also contribute to the con- servation and sustainable use of mainly wild species.
Harvesting mycorrhizal fungi: does it put Caladenia plants in peril?
Authors: Wright Magali , Cross Rob , Cousens Roger , McLean Cassandra
Published: July 2015

The ‘slice’ method for harvesting mycorrhizal fungi from terrestrial orchids has been suggested for use with endangered species (Dixon 2004, Stewart 2004). It involves uncovering the mycotrophic region (containing mycorrhizal infection) of a plant and removing a slice of tissue for fungal isolation. This method is less destructive than removing whole mycotrophic parts or whole plants, which are the most common published methods of harvesting orchid mycorrhizal fungi.
Vércukor-önellenőrzési adatok intelligens értelmezése
Authors: Dió Mihály , Deutsch Tibor , Biczók Tímea , Mészáros Judit
Published: July 2015

Self monitoring of blood glucose is the cornerstone of diabetes management. However, the data obtained by self monitoring of blood glucose have rarely been used with the highest advantage. Few physicians routinely download data from memory-equipped glucose meters and analyse these data systematically at the time of patient visits. There is a need for improved methods for the display and analysis of blood glucose data along with a modular approach for identification of clinical problems. The authors present a systematic methodology for the analysis and interpretation of self monitoring blood glucose data in order to assist the management of patients with diabetes. This approach utilizes the followings 1) overall quality of glycemic control; 2) severity and timing of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia; 3) variability of blood glucose readings; 4) various temporal patterns extracted from recorded data and 5) adequacy of self monitoring blood glucose data. Based on reliable measures of the quality of glycaemic control and glucose variability, a prioritized problem list is derived along with the probable causes of the detected problems. Finally, problems and their interpretation are used to guide clinicians to choose therepeutic actions and/or recommend behaviour change in order to solve the problems that have been identified. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(29), 1165–1173.