bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures in a patient with Dependent Personality Disorder
Authors: Malik M.F.A. , Najeeb B. , Ishaque A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (PNES) refer to the dissociative condition which resembles seizures but does not involve epileptic synchronous cortical activity (Huff, 2021). 20% of people visiting epilepsy clinics have PNES (Huff, 2021). Depression, anxiety, and personality disorders predispose towards PNES (Ekanayake, 2018).

Objectives

To present a case of PNES in a patient with dependent personality disorder (DPD) and to discuss the sociocultural aspects.

Methods

A case study.

Results

A 23-years old, married female presented with 20 days history of episodes of ‘falling down, rolling on ground, and involuntary movements of her head.’ The episodes typically lasted from 20-25 minutes. During the episodes, patient closed her eyes but remained conscious and expressed her distress with gestures, and tearfulness was also observed. Her condition improved when she was offered water. The clinical picture of these episodes evolved with time. Her EEG and serum prolactin levels following the episodes were normal. Accordingly, a diagnosis of PNES was made. No acute stressor was present. The patient also fulfilled the criteria of Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). During communication with the patient, it appeared that the patient and her attendants perceived the train of questioning as investigational rather than therapeutic. Efforts were made towards a more empathetic understanding of their point of view, and the tailoring of long-term management in accordance with their sociocultural context.

Conclusions

The socio-cultural context is important in the management of PNES and a sensitive, and collaborative approach is recommended. Assessment of personality should be considered in patients presenting with PNES.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the management of a bipolar disorder with comorbid OCD: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Adouni A. , Ben Othman F. , Bencheikh C. , Oumaya A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies show an increased prevalence of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, in subjects followed for bipolar disorder. This comorbidity is not without consequence on the evolutionary course of the mood disorder, with frequent relapse, a lower pharmacological sensitivity and an increased risk of suicide.

Objectives

We aim to analyze through a clinical observation and according to the data of the literature the place of ECT in the management of a bipolar disorder with comorbid OCD.

Methods

In this work, we reported a case of a patient in which depressive episodes of bipolar disorder and OCD comorbidity were present and the symptoms were resolved using ECT.

Results

Mrs. TN with family history of suicide had experienced her first depressive episode in 2005 in post-partum, when she had 31 years old. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder II with comorbid OCD was retained after she has had several depressive relapses with few hypomanic ones and reported obsessive suicidal ideation with many religious compulsions. Despite several pharmacotherapeutic combinations (Teralithe, Olanzapine and Venlafaxine) a remission of the symptoms could only be obtained after 15 sessions of ECT that she has had in 2017.

Conclusions

ECT can be a very good substitute for the treatment of mood disorders with comorbid OCD resistant to pharmacotherapy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Synthetic cathinone (α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone): an emerging threat
Authors: Rosello-Molina V. , Hervas Aparisi A. , Simon Blanes M. , Tejera Nuñez J. , Moreno Soldado E. , Meri Abad I. , Sparano Ros O. , Ribera C. , Esteban M. , De Vicente Muñoz T.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) is a synthetic cathinone with uneven distribution throughout the world. Its use is not uniformly regulated and its distribution is legal in some European countries. Easily accessible and available through different websites. Synthetic cathinones inhibit monoamine transporters which include dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, resulting in increased neurotransmitter synaptic concentration. Ways of administration show wide range regarding latency period. Onset and appearance of symptoms as well as their duration and intensity may fluctuate. A decreasing order of latency (oral, inhaled, sublingual and intravenous) has been reported. α-PHP can result in the appearance of psychiatric symptoms, include among others, intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes.

Objectives

The aim of our study was to assess the epidemiology, clinical and legal features regarding Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP).

Methods

Review the current bibliography to upgrade the existing knowledge. -Present assorted cases with diverse clinical features. All cases include variability through psychopathological interview, symptoms assessment and treatment response according to rating scales (PANSS, YMRS). -Evaluate different treatment administration ways during acute phase and after hospital discharge.

Results

Differences were observed after hospitalization in the response using diverse rating scales. We used antipsychotics to treat intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes. α-PHP had a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients.

Conclusions

α-PHP is a synthetic cathinone with potential risk to mental health and life of users. It is mandatory to implement common legislation all through the European Union to prevent its use and possible implications on population’s mental health.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychotic symptoms and Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Nzamba Nzamba D. , Benallel K. , Kaddaf A. , Gartoum M. , Kadiri M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, affects 1% of the population after the age of 60. Motor symptoms are the most common features that may be associated with non-motor symptoms including psychotic symptoms.

Objectives

Faire le point sur les modalités de prise en charge des symptômes psychotiques au cours de la maladie de Parkinson

Methods

Nous décrivons 3 cas de développement de symptômes psychotiques, survenus chez des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson, et faisons le point sur la prise en charge des manifestations symptomatiques psychiatriques dans la maladie de Parkinson, par une brève revue de la littérature.

Results

Case 1: 42-year-old man, with 5 years’ history of PD, presented with auditory hallucinations comorbid with paranoid personality disorder, which occurred 12 months following antiparkinsonian drugs use. Case 2: 58-year-old man, with 17 years’ history of PD, presented jealousy delusions and behavioral disorders, which occurred 12 years following antiparkinsonian drugs use. Case 3: 76-year-old man, with 36 years’ history of PD, presented visual hallucinations, subjective sensation of a presence and jealousy delusion, which occurred 26 years following antiparkinsonian drugs use.

Conclusions

Les symptômes psychotiques de la maladie de Parkinson sont fréquents. La prise en charge consiste à traiter les symptômes psychotiques sans aggraver les symptômes moteurs liés à l’hypo-dopaminergie.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Knowledge of conversion disorder by primary care physician
Authors: Baati I. , Ben Abdallah M. , Arous A. , Guermazi F. , Hentati S. , Jdidi J. , Masmoudi J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Primary care physicians tend to examine patients with conversion disorder (CD) first. A good knowledge of this disorder will allow an early diagnosis and avoid unnecessary investigations for the patient.

Objectives

To assess the knowledge of primary care physicians about patients with CD.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study among 90 primary care physicians in Sfax (Tunisia). We used an anonymous self-questionnaire for data collection.

Results

The response rate to our questionnaire was 60%. The participants’ age ranged from 25 to 70 years, with a median of 41 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.92. The majority of physicians (75.9%) have practiced in the public sector. Among the respondents, 75.9% had theoretical training in CD, 14.8% had continuing medical education (CME), and 42.6% had hospital experience in a psychiatric department. The overall proportion of correct answers was 71.8%. The most recognised symptoms of CD were: dysphonia-aphonia, paresthesia or paresis. All doctors mentioned at least one criterion to distinguish CD from epileptic seizures and loss of consciousness.

Conclusions

There are some gaps in primary care physicians’ knowledge of CD. Thus, we propose to reconsider the conduct of CME, to favour small group training workshops with role-playing and to improve the collaboration between the psychiatrist and the primary care physician.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pots syndrome: the importance of organic screening in anxiety patients. Case report
Authors: Del Sol Calderón P. , Mallol Castaño L. , Paricio Del Castillo R. , Izquierdo De La Puente A. , Garcia Moreno M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

16-year-old female who starts psychiatric follow-up due to episodes of anxiety crises with dizziness and tremors.

Objectives

To expose a case in which it is essential to rule out organic pathology in cases where there is anxiety and physical symptoms.

Methods

Case report and literature review

Results

The patient explains that she was in a situation of conflict with her ex-partner, commenting that he did not accept the breakup. Sertraline was prescribed in ascending doses up to 100 mg per day with complete remission of anxiety. 8 months later, she went to the emergency room for loss of consciousness and tremor of the lower limbs. She was diagnosed with conversive disorder and was prescribed lorazepam up to 3 mg per day. Since then, there has been a worsening in the frequency of syncope occurring up to 10 times a day, limiting her academic and social life. She was evaluated by a cardiologist who diagnosed Pots Syndrome (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) and started treatment with ivabradine and mineralocorticoids. With this treatment, the episodes were drastically reduced and spaced out to 1-2 per week. The dose of lorazepam is decreased until its withdrawal without worsening of the anxious symptomatology.

Conclusions

This disorder consists of an involvement of the autonomic nervous system in which there is a sudden drop in blood pressure together with an abrupt increase in heart rate. Its treatment is based on increasing blood volume with drugs such as corticosteroids as well as postural measures with adequate water intake.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome: a review
Authors: Matas Ochoa A.M. , Martinez De Velasco R. , Bravo Herrero S. , Moreno Alonso I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic localized pain condition that can have a significant impact on the quality of life. It affects children and adolescents as well as adults, but is more common among adolescent girls.

Objectives

To present up-to-date clinical information regarding CRPS in pediatric population.

Methods

A review of recent literature.

Results

In contrast to adults, CRPS appears after an initial event that is typically a minor trauma and occurs more frequently in the lower extremity than in the upper extremity. This syndrome is characterized by spontaneous or stimuli-induced pain, which is disproportionate to the actual incident trauma/stimulus, in the presence of a wide variety of autonomic and motor disturbances. The exact mechanism of CRPS is unknown, although several different mechanisms have been suggested. In many cases, CRPS follows a relatively minor trauma, in some cases, no previous injury was recalled and there are psychological factors implicated. It has been found a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with CRPS and it is considered stress has an important role in inducing or perpetuating CRPS. Standard care consists of a multidisciplinary approach with the implementation of intensive physical therapy in conjunction with psychological counseling; in some patients, pharmacological treatments may help to reduce pain.

Conclusions

A multidisciplinary approach with psychological and psychiatric counseling are needed for effective management of CRPS. Further research in targeting specific mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CRPS should lead to prevention of this condition.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychiatric manifestations in HIV infection
Authors: Jupe T. , Zenelaj B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The HIV is a retrovirus, which is immunosuppressive, predisposing the individual to opportunistic infections and certain neoplasm. In addition to impairment in immune functions, evidence has suggested that HIV is neurotropic. It should therefore be anticipated that neuropsychiatric complication might be common in HIV positive individuals during all phases of HIV related illness. The neuropsychiatric aspect of the AIDS remains a challenge for psychiatrists involved in patients care.The relationship between HIV and psychiatric symptoms and conditions is complex and the direction of effects between severe mental illness and HIV infection is unclear. In general, people with severe mental illness are at increased risk of contracting and transmitting HIV, and the prevalence of HIV infection among them is higher than in the general population.

Objectives

To determine how frequently psychiatric symptoms in an HIV positive adult population occur, as well as to determine social, demographic and clinical factors that are associated with the presence of these symptoms.

Methods

Literature review on Pubmed

Results

Depression has a high prevalence in HIV-positive individuals, ranging between 5.8 and 36.0%. Typical features of depression are similar to those in HIVnegative people, although fatigue, loss of appetite and weight, impaired concentration, hopelessness and guilt are more common.Depressed HIV-positive individuals are at high suicide risk.Apathy has also been more commonly reported among HIV patients than in the general population.The prevalence of anxiety among HIV-positive individuals ranges from 4.3 to 44.4%

Conclusions

The rate of psychiatric symptoms in HIV positive patients in this population is high. Most of them go unnoticed and therefore untreated.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Parkinson’s Disease and Bipolar Disorder: a case report and narrative review
Authors: Andreu Gracia H. , Ilzarbe L. , Marco Estrada O. , Bueno Sanya L. , De Juan Viladegut O. , Olivier Mayorga L. , Pintor L. , Valldeoriola F. , Grande I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) is considered a risk factor for developing Parkinson’s Disease (PD) because of an altered dopamine activity in both entities. Comorbidity may delay diagnosis and difficult therapeutic management.

Objectives

To describe the case of a patient with both BD and PD and to determine the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients presenting both entities.

Methods

We present the case of a 58-year-old woman attended in our neurology unit due to the initial presence of visual hallucinations as a core symptom.

Results

Psychotic symptoms as hallucinations and off-times, frequently observed in PD, may be misdiagnosed with a worsening of depressive polarity of BD. Thus, overlap between symptoms may lead to a challenging differential diagnosis. Moreover, there is no consensus about the therapeutic management of the comorbidity, due to the bidirectional worsening of symptoms when treatment is adjusted. In our case, a diagnosis of dopaminergic psychosis was made so antipsychotic treatment with quetiapine 50 mg/d was initiated. A worsening of symptoms was observed, presenting the patient a stuporous status, mutism and generalized rigidity. Neuroimaging and lumbar puncture were performed showing no alterations; electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing. Final diagnosis was an off-episode of PD and a multifactorial encephalopathy resulting in visual hallucinations.

Conclusions

Coexistence of PD and BD may lead to a diagnostic and therapeutic delay and therefore a worse prognosis. Although these diseases are well-known, it is still challenging to manage patients presenting both entities. Further research is needed to clarify the proper diagnostic and therapeutic approach for these patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Dissociative and Epileptic seizures: how to distinguish them?
Authors: Certo A. , Rodrigues J. , Nombora O. , Basto M. , Mendes E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Dissociative seizures (DS) are classified as dissociative convulsions within the group of dissociative disorders. Although they share many features with epileptic seizures (ES), they are not a consequence of abnormal brain discharges and may be related to psychogenic causes. DS represent a common diagnostic and are often confounded with ES.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to review the current evidence about the differential diagnosis between DS and ES.

Methods

We conducted a non-sytematic review on the topic, using Pubmed/Medline database.

Results

Studies emphasize a correct diagnosis before treatment of seizures. DS and ES respond differently to anticonvulsant medication and early or incorrect prescription of can even exacerbate DS. Clinical features and a neuropsychiatric history can also help. The presence of a dissociative “stigmata”, such as unexplained sensory loss, may support a non-epileptic diagnosis. EEG videorecording method is the gold standard diagnosis for DS, however often displays rhythmic movement artifacts that may resemble seizure activity and confound the interpretation. The absence of ictal EEG discharges characteristic of epilepsy is a sign of DS. However, this may not be true for some partial ES, particularly those from temporal lobes, whom also tend to report shorter duration of seizures, whereas patients with DPD often describe experiences lasting for hours or longer.

Conclusions

Distinguish DS from ES can be challenging. However, there are features that can help in the differential diagnosis. A correct diagnosis is essential for an adequate therapeutic approach, better prognosis, reduction of medical costs and also a referral to the right medical specialty.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders following past exposure to ionizing radiation and SARS CoV-2 infection
Authors: Loganovsky K. , Loganovskaja T.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Whether exist a potential association between schizophrenia spectrum disorders following past exposure to ionizing radiation and SARS CoV-2 infection is unknown.

Objectives

To assess a possible role of double radiation-viral exposure in pre- and postnatal periods in schizophrenia spectrum disorders genesis.

Methods

Integration and analysis of information available with the results of own clinical and epidemiological studies.

Results

The renaissance of interest to the viral hypothesis of schizophrenia is observing during the current COVID-19 pandemic. There is an increasing number of cases and case series reports on psychotic schizophreniform disorders following SARS CoV-2 infection diagnosed as COVID-19-asssociated brief psychotic disorder, first episode psychosis, acute and transient psychotic disorder. The prevalence rate of schizophrenia in A-bomb survivors in Nagasaki was very high – 6 % (Nakane and Ohta, 1986), and increased in those prenatally exposed to A-bombing (Imamura et al., 1995) and medical X-irradiation (Gross et al., 2018). We found a significant increase in the schizophrenia incidence in the Chornobyl exclusion zone personnel, as well as schizophreniform syndromes in Chornobyl clean-up workers (liquidators) irradiated by moderate to high doses (more than 0.30 Sv). The neural diathesis-stressor hypothesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was proposed (Loganovsky and Loganovskaja, 2000; Loganovsky et al., 2005). Recently we observed the clinical case of organic schizophrenia-like disorder in the liquidator who was ill with COVID-19.

Conclusions

The linkage between schizophrenia spectrum disorders following past exposure to ionizing radiation and SARS CoV-2 infection can exist that should be studied on the irradiated cohorts with following COVID-19.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Depressive disorders among Tunisian high school teachers in the face of COVID-19
Authors: Regaieg N. , Zouari L. , Mejdoub Y. , Feki R. , Gassara I. , Smaoui N. , Omri S. , Maalej M. , Ben Thabet J. , Charfi N. , Maalej M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The constraints linked to COVID-19 may reduce resilience and intensify depressive feelings especially in vulnerable populations such as teachers.

Objectives

To understand the psychological distress in terms of depression of the COVID-19 pandemic among secondary school teachers in Sfax, Tunisia and to determine the correlated factors.

Methods

This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 97 medium and high school teachers from Sfax, Tunisia. The study was conducted on google drive in May 2021, including an information sheet and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to assess depression.

Results

In our study, the sex-ratio (M/F) was 0.32 and the average age was 44.23 years old. The median professional seniority was 16 years (minimum=1, maximum=37). Suicidal thoughts were described by 10.4% of teachers while 54.2% reported the presence of sleep disturbances since the onset of the pandemic. The median PHQ-9 score was 8 (Q1=4, Q3=15). The distribution of scores indicated that 59.7% of participants had no to mild symptoms of depression while 40.3% had moderate to severe depression. Furthermore, the presence of depression was associated with an age ≤ 40 years old (p=0.037), a professional seniority ≤ 20 years (p=0.035), the female gender (p=0.005), the presence of sleep disturbances (p<0.001) as well as with suicidal thoughts (p=0.006).

Conclusions

It seems that COVID-19 health situation in education have led to the emergence of a teacher overexertion and a depth adaptation to the new environment demands. Thus, clinical attention to the depression level of the teachers is certainly warranted.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Sleep in COVID-19 recovery period and its impacts on Quality Of Life
Authors: El Sayed S. , Gomaa S. , Eissa A. , Shohry D. , Kabil A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 infection became a worldwide devastating health issue starting in December 2019 in China and then gradually was a global pandemic. PTSD after recovery from COVID-19 has been correlated to sleep problems, high anxiety level and depressive manifestations. These sleep problems have their drastic effect on the recovered patients’ quality of life including physical, psychological and social domains.

Objectives

1-To investigate the sleep in the post Coronavirus -19 period 2-If has an impact on the different items of patients’ quality of life.

Methods

1-Socio-demographic characteristics of 500 recovered COVID-19 patients 2-Insomnia Severity index a brief scale evaluating the patient’s insomnia. The ISI evaluates the subjective complaints and results of insomnia as well as the level of dysfunctions from these sleep disturbances 3-Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI):The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a scale that study the subjective sleep quality and different domains of sleep over a period of 1-month 4-Quality Of Life (QOL) by the SF36 Health Survey is a 36-item -report survey that evaluate eight domains of physical and mental wellbeing ranging from 0 to 100.

Results

The mean score of insomnia severity index was 13.01±4.9.Regarding Pittsburgh sleep quality index ,Sum of seven component scores was 15.37±4.43.Also QOL SF36 showed higher scores of the 8 domains including physical and mental

Conclusions

High score of insomnia and sleep disturbances during the recovery period of COVID-19 infection which affecting the Quality Of Life

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A cross sectional observational study on the effect of music on the anxiety state of patients admitted for COVID 19 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi
Authors: Jose N.A. , Prakash R. , Bansal P. , Khan M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

COVID 19 has led to dramatic changes in the lives of people leading to an increase in stress and anxiety. Music intervention is a non-medicated method for relieving anxiety. This current study aims to understand whether music can be effectively used to alleviate anxiety in admitted COVID-19 patients.

Objectives

To study the effect of music on anxiety in patients admitted for COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi

Methods

34 patients (17 females &17 males) were randomly divided into two groups, a control (N=17) and a music group (N=17). Vitals of all the patients were noted. Patients of the music group were asked to listen to relaxing instrumental for 30 minutes, while patients of the control group were asked to relax for 30 minutes. Vitals of all the patients were noted again. Patients were asked to fill State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after intervention.

Results

The post-intervention mean scores of STAI after the music session were lower in the music group than the control group [95.06 (SD 8.5)) versus 102.37 (SD 10.3)]. The differences in mean values of pre- to post-intervention changes between both groups after music session were statistically significant.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that listening to music lowers anxiety. As music is non- invasive and free of side-effects we recommend that music intervention service should be used to improve health care quality.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19: the role of health locus of control and conspiracy theories
Authors: Pisl V. , Vevera J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Understanding the predictors of the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 may aid in the resolution of current and future pandemics.Understanding the predictors of the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 may aid in the resolution of current and future pandemics.

Objectives

We aim to investigate how the readiness to believe conspiracy theories and the three dimensions of health locus of control affect the attitude towards vaccination.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from an online survey of a sample of Czech university students (n=866) collected in January 2021, using multivariate linear regression models and moderation analysis.

Results

Sixty-six percent of Czech students wanted to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Forty percent of the variance of willingness to get vaccinated was explained by the belief in covid-related conspiracy theories and the powerful others dimension of health locus of control. One sixth of the variance of the willingness to get vaccinated was explained by health locus of control, cognitive reflection, and digital health literacy.

Conclusions

Health locus of control and conspiracy mentality and its predictors are valid predictors of a hesitancy to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Campaigns promoting vaccination should target groups specifically vulnerable to conspiracy theories and lacking health locus of control related to powerful others.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The relationship of dysfunctional breathing with the ideas about the COVID-19 pandemic among the healthy population of Russia
Authors: Koniukhovskaia J. , Pervichko E. , Mitina O. , Stepanova O. , Petrenko V. , Shishkova I. , Dorokhov E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Dysfunctional breathing is experienced as a feeling of “difficulty in inhaling” and shortness of breat , which may be similar to the symptoms of coronavirus infection (Gavriatopoulou et al., 2020). The conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic create an increased level of anxiety and attention to respiratory sensations, which becomes a favorable ground for the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing.

Objectives

To examine the relationship of ideas about the pandemic with the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The Naimigen Questionnaire (Van Dixhoorn, Duivenvoordent, 1985) and the author’s socio-demographic questionnaire were used, which included questions about personal experience of the pandemic. The study was conducted online from April 27 to December 28, 2020. It was attended by 1,362 people from all regions of Russia, including 1,153 women and 209 men aged 15 to 88 years (38.3±11.4).

Results

It was found that respondents who are more confident in the danger of coronavirus have more respiratory difficulties (N=517;NQ=19±10.6) compared to those who consider its danger exaggerated (N=454,NQ=15.9±9.2,p=0.000). Respondents who are completely convinced of the absence of a condemnation for COVID-19 disease have less pronounced dysfunctional breathing (N=331,NQ=15.26±9.5), compared to those who sure about it (N=88,NQ=19.16±10.05, p=0.007). Respondents who have relatives ill COVID-19 (N=430) have a higher score on NQ (18.6±10.5), compared with those dont have (N=932, NQ=17.1±9.7, p =0.011).

Conclusions

The dysfunctional breathing is associated with the respondents’ beliefs about the danger of coronavirus and the expectation of stigmatization in COVID-19 disease, as well as with the experience of COVID-19 disease among relatives.

Disclosure

Research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-18-00624.
Relationship between personality, adherence to (mental) health behaviours and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabacos C. , Soares S. , Araújo A. , Manão A. , Amaral A.P. , Sousa R. , Macedo A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Public health authorities around the world have been disseminating messages to support mental health and psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Portuguese guidelines, we have developed the Adherence Scale to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic (ASR-MH-COVID19) to better understand this health behaviour.

Objectives

To analyse the relationship between sociodemographics, personality traits, Adherence (to the Recommendations for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic) and psychological distress.

Methods

413 individuals (69.2% female; mean age=31.02±14,272) completed an on-line survey, in September-December 2020, including sociodemographic questions, ASR-MH-COVID19, NEO-FFI-20 and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Health Perception Scale.

Results

Adherence scores did not significantly differ by gender, age and years of education. Women presented higher DASS and Neuroticism scores (p<.01). Adherence were negatively correlated with Neuroticism (r=-.247) and with Depression/Anxiety/Stress (all r».-200), positively with Openness to Experience (r=.174), Conscientiousness (r=.194) and Perceived Health (Physical, r=.173 and Psychological, r=.215) (all p<.01). Mediation analysis (Hays’ Macro Process - Model 4) revealed that Adherence is a partial mediator between Openness and DASS and Conscientiousness and DASS; when considering Neuroticism, only the direct effect was significant. The effect of Perceived Health (both Physical and Psychological) on DASS was also mediated by Adherence.

Conclusions

The Health Behaviour Model proposes a pathway linking personality and health that applies to these results about adherence and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and perceived health (also a trait) influence both adherence to mental health behaviours and psychological distress. Understanding personality is vital for health care providers.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The meaning in life and smart technology of older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-cultural qualitative study
Authors: Von Humboldt S. , Mendoza-Ruvalcaba N.M. , Arias-Merino E.D. , Costa A. , Cabras E. , Low G. , Leal I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The exponential increase of the older segment of the population (1) is coinciding with the growing challenges of a digital society in different socio-cultural contexts (2).

Objectives

This exploratory study aims to analyze older adult perspectives of how smart technology influenced their meaning in life during the Covid-19 Public Health Emergency period, using qualitative research at a cross-national level.

Methods

Three hundred and fifty one community-dwelling older participants aged 65-87 years were included in the study. Participants were Italian, Mexican, Portuguese and Spanish. All the narratives went through a process of content analysis.

Results

Findings of content analysis produced six themes: Meaningful relations, rewarding activities, spirituality, health and safety-related support, self-growth, and physical activity. Smart technology was important in promoting significant relations for Mexican older adults (71.3%), rewarding activities for Portuguese older adults (57.1%), spirituality for Spanish older participants (71.6%), and physical activity for Italian older adults (29.5%).

Conclusions

This study indicated that smart technology during the Health Emergency period was important for the meaning in life of older populations, mostly by facilitating meaningful relations, rewarding activities and spirituality. Future interventions with older adults during pandemic periods should consider the diversity of themes associated with increasing older adult well-being, from a cross-cultural perspective. 1. von Humboldt S & Leal I. The old and the oldest old: Do they have different perspectives on adjustment to aging?. Int J Gerontol; 9:156-160. 2. von Humboldt S et al. Does spirituality really matter? - A study on the potential of spirituality to older adult’s adjustment to aging. Jpn Psychol Res, 56;114-125.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Results of the Voice Study: Stress and working conditions in the health system in a long-term comparison between occupational groups
Authors: Platzek P.-S. , Jerg-Bretzke L. , Erim Y. , Geiser F. , Beschoner P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Epidemics such as the Covid 19 pandemic in 2020/2021 increase the psychological stress among health-care workers (HCW) (cf. Mulfinger et al. 2020, da Silva et al. 2020).

Objectives

The aim of this work is to investigate whether the stresses and working conditions have changed in the course of the pandemic and whether there are differences between different occupational groups in the health sector.

Methods

In the first (T1) and second wave (T2) of the Covid 19 pandemic, the pandemic-specific working conditions and stresses were surveyed and analysed (descriptive, T-test, ANOVA) using 15 self-generated items on n=1036 HCWs and presented in a comparison of occupational groups.

Results

Four occupational groups (doctors, nurses, medical-technical assistants, psychologists) were analysed: the highest stress was shown by the occupational group of nurses stress mean difference (MD) 0.453, p 0.000/working condition MD 0.993, p 0.000), the lowest by psychologists (stress MD 0.242, p 0.000/working condition MD 0.466, p 0.000). With regard to stress and working conditions, there was a significant difference between the two measurement points (p 0.000). However, no significant difference between T1 and T2 was found within the occupational groups.

Conclusions

In summary, stress and the working conditions have changed over the long-term. This applies to all occupational groups; no significant difference can be detected within the groups. The results are in line with the infection pattern. The increase in stress and the deterioration of working conditions during the pandemic indicate that there is an urgent need for action to keep healthcare workers stable and healthy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mental Health Impact among Survivors from COVID 19 Pneumonia, Almoosa Hospital Experience
Authors: Osman S. , Alkhalifa S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

COVID-19 is associated with mental manifestations, Anxiety and depression appear to be common amongst people hospitalized for COVID-19.

Objectives

evaluate the emotional stress resulting from infection and assess its impact on the mental health of patients who recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods

It is a cross-sectional study, The mental health assessment tool DASS2 (Arabic version) was applied in collecting the data for the study. Demographic characteristics, chronic disease status, COVID 19 pneumonia, oxygen saturation level were recorded at the follow-up visit, soon after the psychiatric evaluation. Psychological distress was assessed An Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess the mental health status. Statistical analysis by (SPSS, version 25).

Results

466 patients were consented prior to enrollment in the study, out of the total respondents; (53.2%) were females, anxiety rate was found in (18%), stress in (17%), and depression in (14%) of the patients, significantly elevated blood levels of the inflammatory marker in patients with depression and anxiety, increase in the rates of depression with male gender, increasing age and longer duration of ICU stay respectively, with non-significant p-values. There was also a small increase in the period stayed in ICU among those who developed depression and anxiety. Reduced oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients with depression was 4 times those with no depression.

Conclusions

prolonged ICU stays and reduced oxygen saturation was associated with a high rate of depression in patients with COVID-19, as well as elevated levels of the inflammatory marker D-dimer with depression and anxiety.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Covid-19 Barrier gestures for patients with schizophrenia: A therapeutic “dead end”?
Authors: Bouguerra I. , Khelifa E. , Abassi B. , Ben Aissa S. , Maatouk O. , Kouki N. , Mnif L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Since the beginning of Coronavirus pandemic, the world is facing huge challenges for the prevention of mass infection. Studies shows that wearing facemasks and hand washing seems to be the best protection from disease transmission. Indeed, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 was efficaciously controlled in countries where mask wearing is respected. However, such recommendations may not be easily established with inpatients with mental disorders due to limited ability to embrace instructions.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of facemasks and hand’s wash among inpatients with mental disorders during coronavirus pandemic in a psychiatric hospital in Tunisia.

Methods

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2021 among thirty hospitalized inpatients in a psychiatric department suffering from schizophrenia. All patients responded to an anonymous questionnaire about mask wearing and washing hands status. Knowledge about COVID-19 was assessed by a 6-item questionnaire inspired from a Corean study.

Results

Preliminary findings showed that most patients are aware of covid-19 pandemic and about barrier gestures but only a very few (less than 20%) wear masks. Inpatients with schizophrenia were in most cases not afraid from covid-19 contamination within the hospital and less that 50% were vaccinated.

Conclusions

During a pandemic, psychiatric departments needs an extra attention because of the high-risk of spreading infections in inpatients with mental diseases. Communication has to be clearer, and repeated assistance by correctly reminding measures has to be implanted above all for patients with schizophrenia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Epidemiological analysis of hospitalized patients at the Clinic for Psychiatry KCV in Novi Sad during 2020
Authors: Kuljancic D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The 2020 year was the first year of Covid19 pandemy in Serbia. Epidemiological measures introduced to prevent the spread of the infection have shaped both the everyday life of citizens and the way the health system of our country functions. A large number of those infected required the redistribution of health personnel to work in covid zones and therefore the work with non covid patients suffered.

Objectives

The aim of the study is to process and present the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients at the Clinic for Psychiatry of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad in 2020.

Methods

A retrospective analytical study of the epidemiological type was conducted.

Results

During 2020, a total of 1345 patients were hospitalized at our Clinic, which is over 30% less than during the previous year. Several males, aged 19 to 45, with a predominant diagnosis of psychosis, were hospitalized. Hospitalizations lasted significantly shorter than during the previous year. The number of relapses was significantly lower. Patients with other diagnoses of mental disorders are significantly less often hospitalized, except for those with addiction diseases who are hospitalized in a reduced percentage.

Conclusions

Restrictive epidemiological measures led to a significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations at our Clinic, primarily because patients were prevented from exercising their right to health care, but also because of the mobilization of all healthy defense mechanisms in a collective crisis situation and consequently reduced psychopathological manifestations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Assessment of cognitive disorders in Covid-19 patients in Tunisia
Authors: Adouni A. , Abdelghaffar W. , Boudriga S. , Somii B. , Blibech H. , Haloui N. , Rafrafi R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Since the beginning of the pandemic, the Sars-cov2 virus remains unclear concerning its clinical manifestations and its sequelae. Few studies have evaluated the existence of cognitive impairment in patients with COVID-19 and estimated its imputability in the development of these disorders.

Objectives

The objectives of this study is to assess cognitive disorders in post-COVID patients.

Methods

A descriptive observational survey was conducted by the psychiatry department of Mongi Slim hospital in Tunis-Tunisia during May-June 2021 among covid-19 patients selected at the first post covid consultation (at 1 month). First, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, then the evaluation of the cognitive disorders was carried using many scales: MMS (mini mental state), FAB, TMT and the maze task.

Results

Eight patients met the selection criteria with a sex ratio of 6:2 and an average age of 67.5 years (6 with a primary level). The extent of the lesions varied between 10% and 75%. Among the participants, 4 required hospitalization in intensive care: 3 with non-invasive ventilation and 1 needed intubation. The 1-month evaluation found that all the patients had good memory and execution skills with MMS scales >25 and FAB scales >14. Regarding flexibility and planification: 4 of them needed more than 78 seconds to complete the TMT-A ,3 took more than 273 seconds to complete the TMT-B and 2 needed more than 60 seconds to accomplish the maze task (deficient scores).

Conclusions

The screening of cognitive disorders in post-COVID patients is very important for a better management that may require early neurocognitive rehabilitation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Child psychiatric emergency visits during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Andreo Jover J. , Hernandez Calle D. , Curto-Ramos J. , Vicente Valor L. , García Martínez D. , Juárez G. , Alcamí M. , Ortiz A. , Iglesias N. , Bravo-Ortiz M.F. , Martinez-Ales G. , Rodríguez-Vega B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Paediatric and adult psychiatric emergency department (ED) visits decreased during the initial COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Long-term consequences of the pandemic will include increases in mental healthcare needs especially among especially vulnerable groups such as children and adolescents.

Objectives

This study examined changes in the number of overall and diagnosis-specific mental health ED visits among patients aged <18 years following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid, Spain.

Methods

We used electronic health records to extract the monthly numbers of total and diagnosis-specific mental health ED visits among patients aged <18 years, between October 2018 and April 2021, to La Paz University Hospital. We conducted interrupted time-series analyses and compared trends before and after the day of the first ED COVID-19 case (1st March 2020).

Results

In March 2020, there was a marked initial decrease of -12.8 (95%CI -21.9, -7.9) less monthly mental health ED visits. After April 2020, there was a subsequent increasing trend of 3.4 (95%CI 2.6, 4.2) additional monthly mental health ED visits.

Conclusions

After onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in paediatric psychiatric ED visits, especially due to suicide-related reasons. These data reinforce the crucial role of the ED in the management of acute mental health problems among youth and highlight the need for renovated efforts to enhance access to care outside of and during acute crises during the pandemic and its aftermath.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Young and lonely? Results from the COMET study
Authors: Di Vincenzo M. , Marone L. , Del Vecchio A. , Giallonardo V. , Del Vecchio V. , Luciano M. , Sampogna G. , Fiorillo A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The sudden changes in daily routine due to the containment measures adopted for facing the COVID-19 pandemic have had an impact on the mental health of the general population. In particular, young adults are exposed to a higher risk compared to the general population to suffer from the consequences of the pandemic, in terms of anger and irritability, depressive symptoms and somatic complaints, insomnia, lack of motivation and loneliness. In particular, loneliness can be particularly pronounced during young adulthood.

Objectives

This study aimed to describe the levels of loneliness in a sample of Italian young people during the national lockdown in 2020, evaluating clinical and socio-demographic differences and the role of coping strategies and levels of resilience.

Methods

A sub-analysis of a sample of adults aged 18-34 years has been drawn on a larger cross-sectional observational national trial (COMET, 2020) in which, among other psychopathological dimensions, the levels of loneliness have been assessed by the UCLA scale short version.

Results

Levels of loneliness were particularly severe in a third of cases (risk factors: unemployment, low income and vulnerability in mental health), in association with depression, anxiety, stress, OCD symptoms, higher rates of suicidal ideation, sleep disturbance and excessive use of Internet. Levels of loneliness tended to increase over time.

Conclusions

Overall, during the Italian COVID-19 lockdown young people have experienced quite high levels of loneliness: this dimension could represent a useful domain to assess in routine clinical practice.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.