bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY, AND PREDICTED SYNTHETICS FROM A DIALLEL CROSS IN SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Authors: Putt Eric D.
Published: March 2010

Heterosis occurred for the eight plant and seed characters studied. It was most frequent for yield of seed and height of plant. Mean squares for general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant (P =.01) for all characters. The estimated components for gca were greater than for sca for days to mature, weight per bushel, and percent oil in the seed; less for height and yield of seed; and essentially the same for days to bloom, diameter of head, and weight per 1000 seeds.The yield of seed and percent oil in the seed, for the highest ranking 100 synthetics that could be composed from the 10 lines, was predicted in F6 assuming 50 and 60% outcrossing between F2 and F6. Virtually all values exceeded the mean performance of four check samples of commercial hybrids. Many exceeded the highest rank check for oil content in the seed. Fourteen of the highest ranking 100 synthetics for yield and 30 for oil content consisted of two or three lines. It was concluded that synthetics can be superior to the present hybrids in heterosis and that desirable synthetics can be made from only a few lines.
EFFECT OF TIME OF CUTTING AND OF STORAGE TREATMENT ON GROWTH AND VIGOR OF SCIONS OF MALUS PUMILA CV. McINTOSH
Authors: Bhar D. S. , Hilton R. J. , Ashton G. C.
Published: March 2010

Dormant scionwood of McIntosh apple, collected over a 6-month period, was stratified in sand, peat, and polyethylene film at 0, 5, and 10 °C storage. The scionwood was cut into seven-bud scions and these were frameworked into mature Northern Spy seedling trees, after which measurements of "take", shoot emergence, and shoot elongation were recorded. These showed that increases in storage temperature tended to be negatively associated with scion "take" and vigor. Polyethylene film wrap was a better storage medium for scions than was peat or sand. After one season’s growth, scion base diameter was found to be positively correlated with total shoot growth of the scion. This experiment indicates that dormant scionwood collected from November to April was not altered in its ability to make successful graft unions and vigorous subsequent growth with the possible exception of scionwood cut in December.
RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: I. PLANTING DATE AND LOCATION
Authors: Fletcher H. F. , Maurer A. R. , Ormrod D. P. , Stanfield B.
Published: March 2010

The effect of 15 planting dates on various growth characteristics of peas var. Dark Skin Perfection was studied in outdoor pot experiments at Vancouver and Agassiz, B.C. Differences in growth and yield between locations and planting dates were partly accounted for by the mean of maximum temperatures for the growth period.At Agassiz where temperatures exceeded the optimum for most growth characteristics in many of the later plantings, the mean of maximum temperatures was negatively correlated with total dry-matter yield, peas per pod, and pea yield; was positively correlated with branching; and had no effect on pods per plant, double-podded nodes, and tillering. At Vancouver, where temperatures were suboptimum for the early plantings and approached optimum for the later plantings, the mean of maximum temperatures was positively correlated with total dry-matter yield, pods per plant, double-podded nodes, tillering, and pea yield but had no effect on peas per pod or branching. A seasonal mean maximum temperature of 68 to 70°F was considered to be optimum for peas.
THE EFFECT OF FROST UPON SEED NUMBER AND BERRY SIZE IN THE CRANBERRY
Authors: Eaton G. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
PROGENY PERFORMANCE OF SEVEN STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS CROSSED TO A COMMON TESTER
Authors: Aalders L. E. , Craig D. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
A GRASS CLIPPER FOR LABORATORY USE
Authors: Rothwell V. T. , Kemp J. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE AS AFFECTED BY SEASON IN NORTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Dermine P. , Hamilton H. A. , Troelsen J. E.
Published: March 2010

Seasonal changes in the proximate constituents and in vitro digestibility of timothy and alfalfa were recorded at Kapuskasing during the 1963 growing season. A 20-week experiment extending from May 21 to October 8 was divided in four growing periods corresponding to various temperature regimes. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the percentage of crude fiber and that of crude protein and a significant positive correlation between protein content and in vitro digestibility. In the fall, digestibility and crude protein level showed the highest values while a corresponding significant drop was found in the crude fiber content. The percentage of crude protein and the digestibility of both dry and organic matter of alfalfa declined and the percentage of crude fiber increased with advance in maturity during all growth periods. The same trend was observed for timothy except in the fall, when digestibility and crude fiber showed no consistent fluctuations with advancing maturity. Changes in the crude fiber, fat, and ash and digestibility of timothy were smaller than in alfalfa, particularly in the second half of the season. Best yields of digestible dry matter in the first growth cycle were obtained by cutting on July 9, while best regrowth yields were reported in late summer–early fall.Temperature and precipitation in the week preceding each cut had no consistent influence on the chemical composition and digestibility.
TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN THE MICROCLIMATE OF OATS
Authors: Stoskopf N. C. , Klinck H. R.
Published: March 2010

Differences in temperature between two oat varieties were found at all levels within the canopy and appeared to be influenced by morphological plant characteristics. In both varieties day temperatures were lower and night temperatures higher than those measured outside the plot over bare ground. For each stage of development, the late-maturing oat was subjected to higher temperatures than the early oat and this became more intensified with late seedings.Generally, tissues were cooler than adjacent air temperature.During a frost, the coldest conditions were found just above the leaf canopy.Over bare ground diurnal variation was greater at ground level than at 150 cm. Measurements at 150 cm were not indicative of temperatures within the plot. A regression analysis showed that both the day and night temperatures adjacent to the panicle could be predicted with a small overestimation by measurements at a comparable height over bare ground. However, it appears impossible to determine generally applicable firm relationships between crop temperatures and the ambient regional climate.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE IN ALFALFA ROOTS AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT
Authors: Calder F. W. , MacLeod L. B. , Hayden R. I.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa plants grown in the greenhouse and field were used to study the development of coldhardiness as measured by electrical resistance of the root. Electrical resistance was measured with chloridized silver electrodes embedded in the roots. Electrical resistance measurements from electrodes embedded in living root tissue for periods of at least 30 days were comparable to measurements of newly embedded electrodes. A highly significant negative correlation of −0.810 was found between resistance and area of root cross sections. Hardening was induced by reducing temperature and light. Electrical resistance was increased by independent temperature and light changes. Periods of light as short as 30 seconds during the cooling period caused sharp increases in electrical resistance which was indicative of rapid development of hardening in the alfalfa plants.
STRIATED KERNELS IN THE GENUS HORDEUM
Authors: Symko S.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF NITRATE AND AMMONIUM NITROGEN ON THE GROWTH OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: Townsend L. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF NEW ZEALAND, MEDITERRANEAN, AND HYBRID DACTYLIS GLOMERATA AFTER SHORT DAY AND TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS
Authors: Fejer S. O.
Published: March 2010

Floral induction was studied in New Zealand and Mediterranean varieties of Dactylis glomerata L. and their hybrids. Treatments of 1 month vernalization, or 1 month of cold short days, or 2 months of warm short days, when followed by long days, induced almost complete heading in the field for most materials. Early dates of heading, many fertile tillers of increased height, and heads of a large and branched type also were induced by these treatments as compared with the untreated control material. Certain cold treatments produced, at early vegetative stages, more growth than the control. It is inferred that earlier attempts to vernalize New Zealand Dactylis plants were unsuccessful because of the restricted root growth in pots and flats. Plant breeding implications concerning heterosis, genotype–environment interactions, and reciprocal differences in hybrids were discussed.
SPORULATING POTENTIAL OF RHYNCHOSPORIUM SECALIS ON NATURALLY INFECTED LEAVES OF BARLEY
Authors: Skoropad W. P.
Published: March 2010

The period of time during which Rhynchosporium secalis retained its ability to sporulate in lesions of naturally infected leaves of barley was strongly influenced by an interrelationship of moisture, temperature, and location of leaves in relation to the soil. Saprophytic microbial invasion of scald lesions appeared to play a dominant role in terminating the sporulating potential of the scald fungus. Most rapid deterioration of the stroma occurred at 18 °C in continually moist conditions on leaves in contact with the soil. A second factor involved in the destruction of sporulating ability in lesions that escaped microbial deterioration depended on the depletion of food reserves of the stroma. This depletion was induced by the production of successive crops of conidia without observable new growth of the fungus. This latter factor operated under alternately wet and dry conditions.
VARIABILITY IN HERBAGE YIELDS FROM CAGED AREAS IN A PASTURE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Wilson D. B.
Published: March 2010

The variability in herbage yields measured on 3- × 6-ft caged areas in a pasture with various forage mixtures, rotationally grazed paddocks, and fertilizer treatments was examined. The mean coefficient of variability (C.V.) between individual samples from within a [Formula: see text] paddock was 37% but ranged from 24 to 78% depending on the mixture, fertilizer treatment, and year. When sampling data taken during four or five successive grazing periods were accumulated into annual yields the mean C.V. was 25% and the range from 10 to 58%. Almost the same estimate of yield was obtained by sampling only half of the rotation paddocks within a plot as by sampling all of them, provided the total number of cages per plot was the same. When only a portion of the paddocks in a plot was sampled it was better to sample alternate ones than adjacent ones.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM ALFALFA AS RELATED TO EVAPORATION AND OTHER METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES
Authors: Hobbs E. H. , Krogman K. K.
Published: March 2010

Evapotranspiration from irrigated alfalfa was related to evaporation from a Class A evaporation pan, an Experimental Farms buried tank, and a Bellani plate atmometer in addition to the meteorological variables temperature, sunshine, wind, and vapor pressure. Except for the evapotranspiration–wind relationship all simple correlation coefficients were significant when the crop was growing vigorously and completely shaded the ground.Although wind alone did not correlate significantly with either evaporation or evapotranspiration, it contributed appreciably when considered in combination with other meteorological variables. The limitations of simple correlation must be recognized in developing formulas intended for estimating evapotranspiration from meteorological data.
DRYLAND GRASS–ALFALFA MIXTURE YIELDS AND INFLUENCE OF ASSOCIATES ON ONE ANOTHER
Authors: Kilcher M. R. , Heinrichs D. H. , Clark K. W.
Published: March 2010

Crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, awnless brome, green needlegrass, and Rambler alfalfa were used in 10 mixtures, each comprised of two grasses and alfalfa. The study was conducted during the 1955 to 1962 period on a dryland site in the semiarid prairie region at Swift Current, Sask. Account was taken of the seasonal yields and basal area changes of the components making up the mixtures. Combinations of persistent grasses inflicted a deleterious two-way squeeze on the alfalfa associate and resulted in lower yields. Among the worst in this respect were Russian wild ryegrass, streambank wheatgrass, and awnless brome. Among the least competitive were intermediate wheatgrass and green needlegrass. The latter showed the most promise as a natural second grass component since it developed, persisted, and yielded well but did not suppress associated components.
RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: III. ASSESSMENT OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS
Authors: Maurer A. R. , Jaffray D. E. , Fletcher H. F.
Published: March 2010

A decimal system of defining internodal development and flowering stages in peas is described. The system allows a precise estimate of stage of development at any given time and extent of development over any given time-interval. The system has proved of value in studies relating development of peas to natural environmental factors and in controlled environment experiments.
A NEW VERSATILE SOIL MOISTURE BUDGET
Authors: Baier W. , Robertson Geo. W.
Published: March 2010

A new technique for the estimation of daily soil moisture on a zone-by-zone basis from standard meteorological data is herewith presented. The method, which is more versatile than existing meteorological budgets and therefore called "versatile budget" (VB), makes use of some basic concepts employed in the modulated budget, such as taking potential evapotranspiration (PE) as a possible maximum of actual evapotranspiration (AE) and subdividing the total available soil moisture into several zones of different capacities. The VB facilitates moisture withdrawal simultaneously from different depths of the soil profile permeated by roots in relation to the rate of PE and the available soil moisture in each zone. Adjustments for runoff, drainage, different types of soil-drying curves and the effect of different atmospheric demand rates on the AE/PE ratio are also incorporated.Comparisons between daily soil moisture readings from Colman blocks with estimates from the modulated budget and from the VB showed the feasibility of estimating daily soil moisture from standard meteorological data. The estimates of the VB were superior to those from the modulated budget on a zone-by-zone basis. The application of soil moisture statistics obtained from meteorological budgets is discussed.
THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN AND LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE QUALITY OF APPLES STORED IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Porritt S. W.
Published: March 2010

Atmospheres having a concentration of CO2 from 2.5 to 5% in conjunction with low O2 were consistently superior to low O2 atmospheres without CO2 for storage of McIntosh, Spartan, and Newtown apples. Zero percent CO2 was associated with accelerated softening and acid loss, and greatly increased incidence of disorders such as scald, core browning, and flesh browning.
ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE, AN OBJECTIVE INDEX OF MATURITY IN PEACH
Authors: Weaver G. M. , Jackson H. O.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAYS OF PHYGON XL-50 ON GREEN FIXATION IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Walker E. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONTROL OF LOOSE SMUT IN BARLEY WITH SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES
Authors: Edgington L. V. , Reinbergs E.
Published: March 2010

not available
WATER-USE EFFICIENCY OF SOME VARIETIES OF WHEAT, OATS, BARLEY, AND FLAX GROWN IN THE GREENHOUSE
Authors: Anderson C. H. , Read D. W. L.
Published: March 2010

The water-use efficiency of two varieties each of wheat, oats, barley, and flax was studied in the greenhouse. Under a controlled moisture regime provided by self-irrigating pots, Victory oats required significantly less water per pound of dry matter and grain produced than did the variety Ajax; likewise Hannchen barley was significantly superior to the variety Compana. Thatcher and Lake wheat did not differ in water-use efficiency; neither did Titan and Jubilee barley (6-row) nor Marine and Norland flax. Fertilizer tended to improve water-use efficiency for all crops, but the differences were significant for the 2-row barleys only.
TEMPERATURE IN RELATION TO GROWTH AND NET ASSIMILATION RATE OF OATS
Authors: Stoskopf N. C. , Klinck H. R. , Steppler H. A.
Published: March 2010

The effects of temperature variations in the microclimate on two oat varieties were investigated in relation to the growth of this crop as measured by total dry matter and net assimilation rate (N.A.R.). A significant correlation of + 0.691 was obtained between N.A.R. and the difference between day and night temperatures measured on the ground within the plot. Highest N.A.R. values were obtained in material from the fourth (May 29) of the six dates of seeding, when the lowest leaf area was found. Highest yields were not found at this date, as total yield was a function of rate and duration of photosynthesis. A linear decline in grain yield from early to late seeding occurred in 1961 while no differences were observed in 1960. A regression analysis of N.A.R. on the differences between the day and night temperatures revealed that both varieties had a similar response to temperature.
SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY AS AN OUTCROSSING MECHANISM IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (LOTUS CORNICULATUS)
Authors: Miri R. K. , Bubar J. S.
Published: March 2010

Studies using pubescence and cyanogenesis as genetic markers indicate that a high proportion of self-seed is set when selfing is followed by pollinations with mixtures of self- and cross-pollen. Also, considerable selective fertilization occurs when pollination is with mixtures of compatible pollen. It is suggested that the incompatibility mechanism may be used for commercial production of "double-cross hybrids" of trefoil.
THE RESPONSE OF CARROTS AND ONIONS TO MICRONUTRIENTS ON AN ORGANIC SOIL IN MANITOBA
Authors: Campbell J. D. , Gusta L. V.
Published: March 2010

Experiments on one of Manitoba’s peat deposits near Vivian showed that copper is in deficient supply for carrot (Daucus carota var. sativa) and onion (Allium cepa) production. In 1963 the addition of copper resulted in an increased yield of 6.2 tons per acre and improved quality of onions; the yield of carrots was increased by 6.5 tons per acre. Addition of the micronutrients manganese, zinc, and boron did not result in a measurable response. An experiment on carrots in 1964 established that a rate of 0.5 lb of copper was as beneficial as higher rates including 2.5 lb per acre.
SEED PRODUCTION BY CROSS POLLINATION IN WINTER WHEAT
Authors: Plessers A. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF ATRAZINE AND SIMAZINE ON LEAF CHLOROPHYLLS AND FRUIT YIELD OF RASPBERRIES
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Renney A. J. , Driediger H.
Published: March 2010

not available
REDPATCH BROMEGRASS
Authors: Childers W. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
OSMOTIC PRESSURES OF NATIVE PLANTS OF SALINE SOIL IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Dodd J. D. , Coupland R. T.
Published: March 2010

Ranges of osmotic pressure of cell sap in 21 species of plants growing on saline soil in southern Saskatchewan are reported. These are related to salinity of soil and osmotic pressure of soil solution. The highest osmotic pressures are found in dominants of the most saline dry soils, and there is a decrease of osmotic pressure in the dominants of less saline soils. Some of the dominants of very saline soils have lower osmotic pressures than might be expected, apparently because of a more abundant supply of soil moisture near the center of some depressions. Depth of rooting of species tends to have a relationship to osmotic pressure with one shallow-rooted species having the highest value. The species associated with the dominants in all soils have considerably lower osmotic pressures than the dominant species. The effect of rainfall in reducing concentration of the soil solution was only evident in respect to a shallow-rooted species and not to a deep-rooted; the effect lasted only 4 days.
INHERITANCE OF LOOSE SMUT RESISTANCE: III. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE "RUSSIAN" AND "JET" GENES FOR RESISTANCE AND GENES IN 10 BARLEY VARIETIES OF DIVERSE ORIGIN
Authors: Metcalfe D. R.
Published: March 2010

The "Russian" gene in the barley hybrid PR28 and the "Jet" gene(s) in hybrid Br. 5479-754 condition immunity to Trebi-attacking and non-Trebi-attacking races of Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. It was concluded that the "Russian" gene is independent of genes for resistance to U. nuda in Trebi (C.I. 936), Dorsett (C.I. 4821), Anoidium (C.I. 7269), C.I. 2210 (Mortoni), C.I. 2211 (Subcornutum), C.I. 11787 (Orze palestina nudo), C.I. 11788 (Harar), C.I. 11789 (Djeddah), C.I. 2376, and Emir; and that the genes in C.I. 2210, C.I. 2211, C.I. 11787, C.I. 11788, C.I. 11789, C.I. 2376, and Emir are located at the same locus as the "Jet" gene(s).The dominant "Russian" gene in PR28 was assigned the gene symbol Un8-.
REACTION OF BARLEY VARIETIES TO SOIL WATER STRESS
Authors: Wells S. A. , Dubetz S.
Published: March 2010

Varietal differences in reaction to soil water stress of 8 bars were demonstrated in the greenhouse on each of two different soil types. The effects of stress on grain yield and protein content were greater at the early boot stage than at the soft dough stage and they were greater at the soft dough stage than at the onset of tillering or ripening stages. The lower yields of Betzes and Hannchen resulting from stress at the early boot stage were due mainly to a decrease in number of seeds per spike. Protein content of the two varieties was increased by stress at this stage. Yield and protein content of Compana were not appreciably affected. The ratio of water used to grain produced was essentially the same for each variety but was higher on Cavendish than on Lethbridge soil and was directly related to stage of stress.
BREEDING FOR YIELD IN SPRING CEREALS
Authors: Stoskopf N. C. , Reinbergs E.
Published: March 2010

Tests were conducted from 1956 to 1961 with barley and oats to study the relationship among tillers, grains per head, and grain weight, and their influence on yield under Ontario conditions. It was found that grains per head, rather than tillers per plant, was the most reliable component to use in estimating yield. However, both tillering rate and grains per head were variable and were found to be influenced by variety, seeding rate, seeding date, and soil fertility levels. Grain weight was less influenced by these factors and contributed little to the yield variation. Tillers per plant were negatively correlated with grains per head.It is suggested that in Ontario when selecting for yield, in addition to components of yield, the morphological plant characteristics determining photo-synthetic efficiency per unit area could also be considered.
CONDITIONS FOR SYMPTOMATOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF BACTERIAL CANKER, SPOT, AND SPECK ON TOMATO SEEDLINGS
Authors: Basu P. K.
Published: March 2010

Bacterial canker, spot, and speck of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Corynebacterium michiganense (E.F.S.) Jensen, Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Doidge) Dows., and Pseudomonas tomato (Okabe) Burk., respectively, were symptomatologically differentiated on 2- to 3-week-old spray-inoculated seedlings only under conditions of 87–97% relative humidity and 23–28 °C temperature. The numerical threshold of infection of both C. michiganense and P. tomato was 1 × 106 cells/ml and that of X. vesicatoria was 1 × 103 cells/ml. Preinoculation host injury and an inoculum concentration of 1 × 108 cells/ml were most favorable for high incidence of the diseases.Characteristic symptoms incited by the canker organism were (1) small whitish pimple-like spots developing into raised blister-like lesions on the lamina, (2) elongated swellings on veins, and (3) cankers on the hypocotyl. The distinctive symptoms of the bacterial spot disease were (1) small greenish-yellow to brown leaf spots, (2) large yellow blotches becoming necrotic and producing a severe blight effect on leaves, and (3) light-brown streaks on the hypocotyl. The distinguishing symptoms of the speck disease were discrete dark-brown spots and occasional marginal necrotic areas on leaves and cotyledons. On cotyledons, both C. michiganense and X. vesicatoria produced identical minute whitish flaky spots often with greenish centers. Sometimes these spots coalesced and resulted in wrinkling of the surface of the cotyledon.
GENOTYPE RECOGNITION IN PEAS BY WATER IMBIBITION OF SEEDS
Authors: Marshall H. H.
Published: March 2010

Significant differences in the water absorption capacity of mature pea seeds were found between lines or varieties within and between each of four genetically different seed types, round, wrinkled, "new" wrinkled, and "double" wrinkled. The differences in water absorption were positively correlated with sugar content of immature peas. They were also negatively correlated with seed weight in lines with the genes for new wrinkled.Peas with both classical (rr) and the genes for new wrinkled have high water absorption indices and small seeds. Immature seeds contain from 14.6 to 17.0% sugar or about 1% more than classical wrinkled varieties.
CERCOSPORA SOJINA LESIONS ON SOYBEAN
Authors: Benedict W. G. , Fucikovsky L.
Published: March 2010

Soybean leaf tissue infected by Cercospora sojina Hara showed cellular disorganization and accumulation of chlorophyll, starch, and phosphorus-32 in advance of the mycelium in a distinct plesionecrotic ring around the holonecrotic area constituting the "frogeye" leaf-spot.
APPARATUS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES
Authors: Ormrod Douglas P. , Woolley C. Joy
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND NITROGEN ON YIELD AND PROTEIN QUALITY OF THATCHER WHEAT
Authors: Sosulski F. W. , Lin D. M. , Paul E. A.
Published: March 2010

Soil moisture level was the most important factor controlling plant and grain yields while nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest influence on protein content and sedimentation value. Lower temperatures and nitrogen fertilization favored plant development at medium and high soil moisture levels but did not significantly alter the yield of plants subjected to periodic moisture stress. Temperature was the only treatment to have a consistent effect on kernel weight. However, seed yields were more closely associated with total plant weight and number of culms than kernel size.The sedimentation values of the flour, which ranged from 33.8 to 70.7 ml, were highly correlated with protein content. The wide range of sedimentation values approached the maximum range reported for very weak and very strong wheats. Within treatments receiving the same nitrogen applications, the sedimentation values and protein content were inversely related to grain yield.Variations in glutamic acid and proline content of the hydrolyzed flour proteins were positively associated with protein content and sedimentation value. Amino acids which were negatively correlated with protein content included alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glycine, and lysine. Contrary to previous reports the lysine content varied over the complete range of protein content in the flours. The significance of these variations in amino acid composition are discussed in relation to recent studies on the fractionation of flour proteins.
THE EFFECT OF SEVERAL PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF RED DELICIOUS APPLE LEAVES
Authors: Heinicke Don R. , Foott John W.
Published: March 2010

Application of the phosphate insecticides Diazinon, Guthion, and Ethion reduced the photosynthesis rate of Red Delicious apple foliage. Diazinon had the greatest effect followed by Ethion and Guthion. Maximum retardation of photosynthesis occurred immediately after treatment and became less so with time, but was still significant after 14 days.
THE REACTION OF BARLEY LINES TO ROOT ROT, LEAF SPOT, AND HEAD BLIGHT
Authors: Clark R. V.
Published: March 2010

Resistance to the root rot phase or to the head blight phase of the disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana was found in certain lines from the cross Hordeum leporinum × H. vulgare and from subsequent crosses and backcrosses to common barley. All lines were susceptible to the leaf spot phase of the same disease. There was a wide range in the reaction of the lines to root rot and to head blight; resistance to root rot was found primarily in the winter types whereas resistance to head blight was found largely in the spring types. There was no apparent relationship between root rot and head blight resistance as none of the lines showed good resistance to both.
RELATIVE GROWTH RATES OF SPRING WHEAT, OATS, AND BARLEY UNDER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED WATER STRESS
Authors: Kaul R.
Published: March 2010

Seedlings of wheat, oats, and barley were grown in nutrient solution and subjected to uniform water stresses by the addition of different amounts of polyethylene glycol to the medium. The polyethylene glycol was refined by passage through a combined millipore – ion exchange filter. The solution was circulated by an automatic system which drained and refilled growth tanks once every 45 minutes. Relative growth rates, calculated from changes in dry weight, were used as a measure of drought tolerance. Between the second and the sixth leaf stages, but not at the first leaf stage, the drought tolerance of Thatcher wheat was significantly greater than that of Exeter oats or Husky barley. Oats and barley responded similarly to water stress.
DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO APPLE POWDERY MILDEW OBSERVED IN McINTOSH CLONES AFTER EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: McIntosh D. L. , Lapins K.
Published: March 2010

Striking differences in susceptibility to apple powdery mildew were observed among clones of McIntosh apple grown from scions that had been exposed to ionizing radiation while dormant. These clones were selected originally for observation of their compact growth habit. Most of the 27 clones examined displayed moderate susceptibility comparable to that of non-irradiated McIntosh grown in this region. Some were extremely susceptible, a few were quite resistant. No correlation was observed between compactness of growth habit and susceptibility to mildew. These differences in mildew susceptibility are attributed to changes caused by the radiation treatment.
SALT-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF LIPID CLASSES IN BARLEY ROOTS
Authors: Ferguson W. S.
Published: March 2010

The lipids in the roots of 4-week-old barley seedlings, grown in nutrient solutions with different amounts of NaCl, were separated into classes by a combination of silicic acid column and thin layer chromatography. The total lipid and phospholipid concentration in the roots tended to increase slightly with increasing NaCl. This indicates that lipid synthesis is probably not a specific factor in salt-induced growth suppression. However the relative concentration of the various phospholipid classes was altered by increasing NaCl concentration. In general the polar phospholipids increased relative to the less-polar classes as the NaCl concentration was increased. Although in the range 0.2 to 0.4% NaCl a phospholipid tentatively identified as a diphosphatidyl glycerol tended to increase relative to phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Phosphatidyl choline increased with increasing NaCl concentration.
ABSENCE APPARENTE DE L’ORGANISME DE LA TACHE ARGENTEE DES POMMES DE TERRE, HELMINTHOSPORIUM ATROVIRENS, DANS LES SOLS NOUVELLEMENT DEFRICHES
Authors: Santerre Jacquelin
Published: March 2010

This study shows that virgin soils such as land recently cleared of trees are apparently free from Helminthosporium atrovirens (Harz) Mason and Hughes, the causal agent of silver scurf of potatoes. The infected seed appears to be the most important source of inoculum.
HOST RANGE AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE IN ECONOMIC, WEED, AND NATIVE PLANTS IN INTERIOR BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Woolliams G. E.
Published: March 2010

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. has been isolated from 51 species of plants in 23 families. Eighteen species have not been recorded previously as hosts of Verticillium. Equisetum arvense L. (horsetail) is the first recorded host among non-flowering plants. The host species included many common weeds and native plants that can harbor the fungus during rotation periods for crop plants. Symptoms were not apparent on many of the plant species that yielded isolates. Inoculated plants of three weed hosts, purslane, lamb’s quarters, and penny cress, were less vigorous than uninoculated plants, although diagnostic symptoms were absent. Pathogenicity trials on tomato demonstrated the occurrence of numerous biologic forms or strains among the isolates.
THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION ON pH OF TOMATO
Authors: Matthews J. S. , Denby L. G.
Published: March 2010

Tomato fruits, grown under glass in inert media, and supplied with nutrient solutions containing high and low levels of N and P, varied in pH from 4.21 to 4.61. Fruits from plants receiving low levels of both nutrients consistently had low pH values. Those from plants fed high levels of P or N had high pH whenever the level of the other element was not limiting.
THE EFFECT OF EARLY WINDROWING ON THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Dodds M. E. , Warder F. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
USE OF LIQUID NITROGEN IN A WINTERHARDINESS TEST CHAMBER FOR FRUIT TREES
Authors: Scott K. R.
Published: March 2010

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A MOVABLE RAIN SHELTER FOR SMALL EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS
Authors: Fletcher H. F. , Maurer A. R.
Published: March 2010

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SOIL FUMIGATION FOR CONTROL OF VERTICILLIUM WILT OF EGGPLANT
Authors: McKeen C. D. , Mountain W. B.
Published: March 2010

Fumigation of Fox sandy loam field soils naturally infested with Verticillium dahliae delayed the onset and reduced the final incidence of Verticillium wilt of eggplant. Fumigation resulted in greater plant growth and concomitant increases in yield. Vorlex and EP-201 applied at 561.6 l./ha gave similar control of wilt and yield increases. Fumigation with Vorlex gave best control of wilt in 1964 and 1965, years in which the upper 15 cm of soil contained uniformly high moisture at the time of treatment. Vorlex applied at 561.6 l./ha reduced root populations of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans to considerably lower levels than Telone at 449.3 l./ha. Vapam was not as effective in controlling wilt as either Vorlex or EP-300, though like EP-300 it caused no early retardation of growth of eggplant. Yield increases from fumigation varied from year to year and ranged from 5 to more than 100 times yields from untreated soils. Soil fumigation in eggplant culture promises to be practical in southwestern Ontario where Verticillium wilt is serious.
THE ISOLATION OF VERTICILLIUM IN BUDS AND PEDICELS OF PEACH, APRICOT AND CHERRY
Authors: Woolliams G. E.
Published: March 2010

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. was isolated from buds on terminal growth collected both in summer and early spring from peach and apricot trees affected with Verticillium wilt, and from buds on 2-year wood of diseased sweet cherry trees. The fungus was recovered rarely from fruit pedicels of diseased sweet and sour cherry trees and not from those of diseased peach and apricot trees. Although transmission of the fungus to healthy trees by budding was not achieved, the possibility makes it prudent to use budwood from healthy trees only.
THE EFFECT OF SEED SIZE ON EARLY PLANT DEVELOPMENT IN BARLEY
Authors: Kaufmann M. L. , Guitard A. A.
Published: March 2010

Results of greenhouse tests with two barley varieties showed that plants grown from large seed were superior to those grown from small in rate of seedling growth and size of the first two leaves. Small seed was superior to seed particles. Results were inconsistent for the third and subsequent leaves. Differences in rate of growth were more pronounced when plants were grown on vermiculite than when grown on soil. In a growth cabinet test it was shown that temperatures had only a minor effect on the size of the first two leaves.The length of the first and second leaf was positively correlated with spike weight and floret number but these results were inconclusive.
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN SPRING WHEAT PLANTS GROWN IN THE FIELD FROM SEED TREATED WITH ALDRIN OR HEPTACHLOR
Authors: Burrage R. H. , Saha J. G.
Published: March 2010

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SOME HOST PLANTS OF A CANADIAN ISOLATE OF THE CLOVER PHYLLODY VIRUS
Authors: Chiykowski L. N.
Published: March 2010

Clover phyllody symptoms appeared on 34 species of plants in 13 families inoculated by infective Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål) or Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank). Forty-five other species of plants in 12 families showed no infection although they were inoculated by insects shown to be infective by subsequent transmission to aster. M. fascifrons also transmitted CPV from 17 of 18 infected species tested. Characteristic symptoms on infected plants of some of the species are described and illustrated.Efficiency of transmission and the ability to survive on a wide range of plant species demonstrates the importance of M. fascifrons as a vector for host range studies.
RESPIRATION RATES OF DEVELOPING FRUITS OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: Hall I. V. , Forsyth F. R.
Published: March 2010

Developing fruits of the lowbush blueberry showed a gradual decline in rate of respiration as the fruits matured. All six clones used reacted similarly. Since no climacteric was found, the lowbush blueberry can be considered a non-climacteric fruit. The major increase in volume of developing lowbush blueberry fruits occurred in the period 3 weeks prior to harvest while the major increase in weight slightly preceded this.
MERCURY RESIDUES IN APPLES IN RELATION TO SPRAY DATE, VARIETY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FUNGICIDE
Authors: Stewart D. K. R. , Ross R. G.
Published: March 2010

Mercury was readily translocated to growing fruit of apple trees which had received one cover spray of phenyl mercury acetate between June 14 and August 31. The rate of translocation was less with cover sprays applied near the end of this period. Translocation due to a phenyl mercury acetate cover spray occurred to about the same extent in the apple varieties McIntosh, Cortland, Red Delicious and Gravenstein. In addition to phenyl mercury acetate, a cover spray of phenyl mercury chloride, phenyl mercury dimethyl dithiocarbamate, phenyl mercury triethanol ammonium lactate, phenyl mercury monoethanol ammonium acetate, and mercuric chloride resulted in similar translocation of mercury to growing fruit.
THE INFLUENCE OF N6-BENZYLADENINE ON THE STORAGE, MARKETABILITY AND POST-HARVEST CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF CABBAGE
Authors: Tsujita M. J. , Andrew Wm. T.
Published: March 2010

Aqueous solutions of a synthetic kinin, N6-benzyladenine, were applied to mature heads of three varieties of cabbage. Yellowing of the leaves was retarded and maintenance of the green color was extended in treated heads. Chlorophyll content of cabbage leaves to which N6-benzyladenine had been applied was two to four times higher than in leaves of the control plants. A concentration of 30 ppm was more effective in maintenance of chlorophyll than either 10 or 20 ppm.
CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS RELATIONSHIPS IN THE STRAWBERRY
Authors: Blatt C. R.
Published: March 2010

Strawberries (variety Redcoat), grown in sand culture in the greenhouse, were supplied with nutrient solutions containing Ca at concentrations of 10, 40, 160 and 240 ppm with P at 20 and 50 ppm in a 4 × 2 factorial design. The treatment supplying Ca at 240 and P at 50 ppm recorded the highest yield and runner production. This yield was not significantly higher than that obtained with Ca at 160 and P at 20 ppm, a treatment that gave the second highest runner production and the firmest fruit. Level of nutrient P had no effect on yield, whereas level of nutrient Ca significantly affected yield.
INFLUENCE OF STEM NEMATODE INFESTATION ON BACTERIAL WILT REACTION AND FORAGE YIELD OF ALFALFA VARIETIES
Authors: Hawn E. J. , Hanna M. R.
Published: March 2010

Four varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were tested in field plots for their reactions to single and dual inoculations with the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev and the alfalfa wilt bacterium Corynebacterium insidiosum (McCull.) Jensen. Grimm was highly susceptible to both pathogens. Vernal maintained high resistance to C. insidiosum despite moderate nematode infestation. Lahontan remained highly resistant to both pathogens. Beaver lost much of its inherent resistance to the wilt bacterium when infested by D. dipsaci.Six varieties, including the four above, were grown in a forage-yield test in which nematode-inoculated and uninoculated plots were harvested in three successive seasons. The nematode-susceptible varieties showed marked reduction in forage yield during the second and third harvest years. Vernal, with partial nematode resistance, was less severely affected. The resistant varieties, Talent and Lahontan, showed no yield reduction.
SOME EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CLIMATE AND SEED QUALITY IN MANDARIN (OTTAWA) SOYBEANS
Authors: Donovan L. S. , Marr H. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

A close relationship of temperature and sunshine with percent oil, percent protein and oil-iodine number in Mandarin (Ottawa) soybeans was demonstrated. Least squares equations connecting each of the three quality measures to appropriate weather variables were calculated. Substitutions of 1963 weather data in equations based on 1949–1962 observations resulted in calculated values for oil, protein and iodine number that closely approached observed values, that is, calculated oil percentage 17.69, observed 19.16; calculated protein percentage 42.99, observed 41.81; calculated iodine number 138, observed 143. The general applicability of these equations is not yet known but in their present form they seem to have some prospective use for identifying relationships between soybean quality and environment.
RATE OF GERMINATION OF ALFALFA VARIETIES AT FOUR TEMPERATURES AND RELATIONSHIP TO WINTERHARDINESS
Authors: Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa varieties of diverse genetic orgin were compared for rate of germination at 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Significant differences in rate of germination among varieties were found at each temperature. The rates of germination of varieties at the different temperatures were significantly correlated to the extent of r = about 0.6. Several varieties did not fall into the pattern of the majority in this regard and germinated relatively faster or slower in relation to other varieties at different temperatures. There was little relationship between the rate of germination of alfalfa varieties and their winterhardiness. The results indicate that rapid- or slow-germinating strains could be developed within any hardiness class providing the degree of heritability of the trait proves to be favorable.
RESPONSE OF REED CANARYGRASS ON SEDGE–ORGANIC SOIL TO FERTILITY LEVELS AND TEMPERATURE IN THE GROWTH ROOM
Authors: Pringle W. L. , Ryswyk A. L. van
Published: March 2010

Reed canarygrass grown in a growth room showed marked response to N, P and K on two out of three sedge peat soils of central British Columbia. On the third soil, there was little response to P but marked response to K and N. Reducing the soil temperature from 21.1° to 12.8 °C reduced the average yield 10%; dropping it from 12.8° to 4.4 °C reduced yield a further 15%. P was particularly limiting at the lower temperature. K seemed to be required for vigor and persistence of reed canarygrass. It was concluded that it is necessary to have heavy applications of the proper combination of nutrients for each individual soil, for optimum productivity.
PARTIAL TRANSFER OF ROOTING STIMULUS ACROSS GRAFT UNIONS IN MALUS
Authors: Nelson S. H.
Published: March 2010

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A WASHING APPARATUS FOR USE IN FIBER DETERMINATION
Authors: Kaldy M. S. , Bergen H. J. , Ramage Christina T.
Published: March 2010

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WOODY ORNAMENTAL PLANT ZONATION: II. SUITABILITY INDICES OF LOCALITIES
Authors: Ouellet C. E. , Sherk L. C.
Published: March 2010

A method has been developed to estimate the relative suitability index for the winter survival of ornamental trees and shrubs at any locality in Canada from which average climatic data are available. It was based essentially on hardiness data obtained from 108 stations for 174 species and cultivars. Of nine regression equations studied, one gave estimates of suitability indices in best agreement with field experience. This equation was developed with 40 actual indices chosen for their geographic representation. These actual indices are based on the collected hardiness data and plant hardiness indices previously determined. Seven meteorological variables, that is, low winter temperatures, frost-free period, summer and winter rainfall, summer high temperatures, snow depth, and wind speed were involved in this equation. The multiple correlation coefficient obtained was 0.98, and the coefficient of variation of the indices estimated from regression equalled 9.6 percent of the mean, which was 49.
EFFECTS OF THREE SPECIES OF APHIDS ON BARLEY, WHEAT OR OATS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF PLANT GROWTH
Authors: Apablaza J. U. , Robinson A. G.
Published: March 2010

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), the English gram aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius) and the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were tested in growth cabinets on Parkland barley, Selkirk wheat and Rodney oats at various stages of plant growth. The corn leaf aphid did not establish large populations on wheat or oats, but most seedlings of barley infested prior to heading were killed. After barley plants had headed out there were no reductions in yields of harvested gram. The greenbug and the English grain aphid severely injured or killed seedlings of barley, wheat and oats, and caused reductions in kernel weight of harvested gram, even when placed on plants in advanced stages of growth. The need for chemical control of aphids on cereal grains is discussed.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND VARIOUS CO2 AND O2 CONCENTRATIONS ON GROWTH OF TYPHULA SP., A PARASITIC FUNGUS OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Authors: Lockhart C. L.
Published: March 2010

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BUTTER KING LETTUCE
Authors: Nuttall V. W.
Published: March 2010

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WIND RESPONSE OF BLACK POROUS DISC AND BELLANI PLATE ATMOMETERS
Authors: Desjardins R. L. , Hansen R. O.
Published: March 2010

The effects of various meteorological factors, particularly wind, on the evaporation readings from a black Bellani plate and two types of black porous disc atmometers were compared. The linearity of atmometer response curves to wind was sufficiently similar to allow accurate comparison between them, at least with respect to wind velocity. For practical purposes the response of the black porous single-disc atmometer to wind in a tunnel was very similar to that under natural conditions. The three atmometer types used gave measurements of evaporation which differed under identical meteorological conditions, and average differences were greater than those reported elsewhere.