bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal migration during the war in Ukraine: Recent challenges and problems
Authors: Voznyak Halyna , Mulska Olha , Druhov Oleksiy , Patytska Khrystyna , Tymechko Iryna
Published: March 2023

Insecurity, chaotic extensive internal movement, and external migration, growing social vulnerability, and decreasing economic stability of internally displaced persons, characterize the migration crisis caused by the large-scale Russian war against Ukraine. The aim of this paper is to reveal the needs (tangible and intangible), challenges, and opportunities for the social integration of internally displaced persons in the host communities (on the example of the Pidberiztsivska territorial community of Lviv oblast). The paper presents the sociological survey through in-depth interviews based on questionnaires. The sample is based on five strata (four starostyn areas and the administrative center) and amounts to 4% of the statistical population (50 displaced persons). The paper specifies that the host society’s lack of affordable housing (68.6% of respondents) and limited employment opportunities (39.9% of respondents) are the main challenges for internally displaced persons. The survey reveals a low level of integration of internally displaced persons and a lack of desire to assimilate into the host society caused by positive aspirations to emigrate abroad (13.5% of respondents) and intentions to return to their previous (permanent) place of residence (54% of respondents). Mapping the problems and needs of internally displaced persons can constitute the information-analytical basis for ensuring the communities’ economic progress in times of war in terms of accumulation and efficient use of the capacity of internally displaced persons.
AcknowledgmentThe study is conducted within the framework of the grant “Instruments for the support of integration of IDPs into life in the Pidberiztsivska territorial community: A pilot project in Lviv oblast” funded by the International Renaissance Foundation (Grant registration number 54766, 2022–2023).
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in a child with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kamilova A. T. , Geller S. I. , Dustmukhamedova D. Kh. , Nasirova L. Kh.
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study – to analyze the clinical case of a child with distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in cystic fibrosis. A 9.5 year old patient was admitted to the Gastroenterology Department of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatrics with complaints of an increase in abdominal circumference, increased peristalsis, weakness, lethargy, swelling in the limbs, loose stools, and weight loss. From the anamnesis: from the age of 6 years it was observed periodic vomiting, not associated with food intake. At the age of 8 years, the condition worsened, bloating joined the vomiting. At the place of residence, the diagnosis was made “Acute intestinal obstruction. Volvulus of the sigmoid colon”. Over the next 6 months, the condition was relatively satisfactory, and then stool disorders began – 3–4 times a day and bloating. Considering the presence of steatorrhea, changes in the pancreas on ultrasound and MSCT, the child was referred to a geneticist, the result of a sweat test was 86.0 mEq/l. The diagnosis was made: Cystic fibrosis, mixed form. Syndrome of distal intestinal obstruction. Partial intestinal obstruction. Severe PEI, celiac disease and HIV were excluded. On the background of the therapy, the child’s condition improved relatively. Within a month after discharge, the condition was satisfactory, and then worsened again. After 3 months, the girl was re-hospitalized with the same complaints. After consulting the surgeons, recommendations were given to perform the operation due to the appearance of signs of partial lower intestinal obstruction, but the relatives signed a voluntary refusal of the operation, the child was taken home against receipt. The girl was discharged with the final diagnosis: Cystic fibrosis, mixed form, severe course. Syndrome of distal intestinal obstruction. Partial lower intestinal obstruction. Syndrome of exudative enteropathy, severe PEI. The girl died 2 weeks after discharge. Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) may be misunderstood by those who are not familiar with cystic fibrosis. Pediatric gastroenterologists, surgeons should be alert when this condition is detected in combination with other symptoms indicating cystic fibrosis.
Features of the treatment of children with mild asthma in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Surovenko T. N. , Zhukalina E. F. , Krasnova Iu. N.
Published: March 2023

Our society is still struggling with the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, the cause of the development of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vaccine prophylaxis of this infection in children under 12 years old is not yet available in Russia. In many children, COVID-19 occurs against the background of concomitant pathology, including bronchial asthma (BA) as the most common chronic disease among children. BA treatment is successfully carried out by pediatricians due to modern clinical guidelines and the availability of medicines. This is one of the examples when the introduction of new methods of diagnosis and treatment made the disease controllable in most cases. Despite the obvious successes, the treatment of asthma is currently undergoing changes, and this applies specifically to mild asthma. When revising the guidelines in 2021–2022, GINA experts drew particular attention to the need for early prescription of anti-inflammatory therapy, mainly with low doses of ICS, regardless of whether asthma progresses with persistent or intermittent symptoms. Since children often suffer from ARVI and viral infections are the most frequent trigger of BA exacerbation in children, basic BA therapy in children is of particular importance, which can reduce the number of virus-induced exacerbations. Along with ICSs, generally recognized leaders in the basic therapy of BA, in the treatment of children with mild asthma with virus-induced exacerbations, montelukast, oral Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (LTRA), does not lose its importance. In recent years, additional properties have been described that allow pediatricians to use montelukast for mild asthma in children in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The effectiveness of external anti-inflammatory therapy for contact dermatitis in infants
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Ziatdinova N. V. , Serdinskaya I. N. , Bashirova G. R.
Published: March 2023

Contact dermatitis in paediatric population is a fairly common pathology, which occurs where the skin comes into contact with irritating factors. It refers to steroid-sensitive dermatoses, therefore, the prescription of topical glucocorticosteroids in this pathology is a proved method of treatment. 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate cream that has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects is a medium-potency effective topical glucocorticosteroid. In this article, the authors presented their own experience and clinical cases of the effective use of 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate cream in contact dermatitis in paediatric population. The first clinical case demonstrates the use of 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate cream once a day as part of the combination therapy in a 5-month-old baby with moderate contact dermatitis caused by cosmetic substances (massage oil). The treatment resulted in a pronounced improvement and the achievement of remission on the 8th day from the start of therapy. The second clinical case demonstrated the effectiveness of 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate cream used once daily as part of the combination therapy in a 6-month-old baby with mild diaper contact dermatitis. The use of barrier medications (5% dexpanthenol ointment) for 3 days showed no positive changes, due to which 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate cream was prescribed. The treatment resulted in the relief of acute signs of inflammation in the buttocks and complete remission on the 5th day of the use of the cream. The third clinical case demonstrated the effectiveness of topical glucocorticosteroid in the form of 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate cream used once daily as part of combination therapy in a 4-month-old baby with severe contact dermatitis, which developed after washing the perineum and feet with laundry soap. The pronounced positive changes in the skin improvement process were observed from the 5th day of the therapy, and a remission was achieved on the 10th day of the therapy, which was demonstrated as relief of acute inflammatory process in the buttocks and lower extremities, and disappearance of itching and scratching. Overall, the above clinical cases showed the high effectiveness of the use of the topical glucocorticosteroid in the form of 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate cream as part of the combination therapy of contact dermatitis in pediatric population (at any severity level).
Interferon inductors: clinical efficacy and regulation of inflammatory responses in paediatric respiratory infections
Authors: Vakhitov Kh. M. , Sitdikova G. F. , Loskutova E. V. , Vakhitova L. F. , Serdinskaya I. N.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The study of the set of mechanisms of inflammation regulation plays an important role in shaping understanding of the local and general protective and adaptive processes in paediatric respiratory infections. The cytokine system is taken as universal, pleiotropic regulators of the cascade of inflammatory, immune and metabolic processes. Nowadays, the drugs with the potential for effecting the course of cytokine reactions are of great interest.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of the impact of low molecular weight interferon inducers with a wide range of biological activity on the severity of clinical symptoms and the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral blood in paediatric respiratory infections.

Materials and methods. 98 children with ARVI aged 4 to 11 years were examined, of which 57 children received meglumine acridone acetate as etiotropic antiviral therapy at recommended age-related doses and were included in the treatment group. 41 children receiving only symptomatic treatment were included in the comparison group.

Results and discussions. Clinically, the use of meglumine acridone acetate resulted in decreased duration of the major symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections among children, reduced risk of complications, and decreased inflammatory manifestations. It was shown that the minimum levels of interleukin-1, -4 and -8 were typical for healthy children, which confirmed the activation of cytokine reactions only in the process of development of pathological symptoms from various organs and systems. An increase in all the studied cytokine levels was observed in ARVI, while the dominance in growth of pro-inflammatory cytokines with underlying slightly increased level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 was observed in severe general toxic syndrome and catarrhal signs. In similar cases, a balanced decrease in the levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines and a relatively rapid regression of clinical symptoms was noted during the meglumine acridone acetate therapy.

Conclusions. The use of meglumine acridone acetate contributes to the rapid relief of the major clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, and shortens the duration of the disease. The nature of cytokine reactions can serve as a marker of an unfavourable course of ARVI. The prescription of low-molecular interferon inducers balances an increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral blood.
Adapted goat milk formulas in infant nutrition: when, to whom and for how long
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Dmitrieva D. K. , Orobinskaya Ya. V.
Published: March 2023

Breast milk is the gold standard for infant feeding. In case of its lack or insufficiency, this brings up the question about an affordable and adequate alternative. Adapted cow’s milk formulas are most commonly used, but the incidence of cow’s milk protein allergy in young children is increasing worldwide. Given the early onset of gastrointestinal disorders in infants, minimal digestive dysfunctions are often interpreted by doctors as sensitization to cow’s milk proteins or functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, there are conditions associated not with cow’s milk protein allergy, but intolerance. These conditions are difficult to diagnose, as the mechanism of development of cow’s milk protein allergy has not been sufficiently studied and is often not associated with an IgE-mediated immunological response. Food intolerance is associated with the enzymatic immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract and insufficient activity of intestinal microbiota. This article highlights the issues of cow’s milk protein allergy and food intolerance. In case of food sensitization and even minimal clinical manifestations of cow’s milk protein allergy, the choice of formula should always be made in favour of deep-hydrolyzed milk protein formulas. Goat protein formulas cannot be used in cases of cow’s milk protein allergy due to cross-sensitization effects. The aim of the article was to analyze a differentiated approach to the choice of infant nutrition in the absence of breastfeeding.
Idade e polifarmácia como fatores de risco para potenciais interações de drogas psicotrópicos via CYP450
Authors: Volpato Débora Canassa , Oliveira Edilson Almeida , Okawa Rogério Toshiro , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira
Published: March 2023

A escolha de um agente psicotrópico adequado requer conhecimento sobre mecanismo de ação no sistema enzimático do citocromo P-450. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os preditores sociodemográficos de idosos com riscos potenciais para interações graves entre os medicamentos psicotrópicos via citocromo P-450, atendidos na atenção primária, e verificar a prevalência de interações. É um estudo de corte transversal, realizado de 8/2014 a 8/2016 com pacientes idosos em prontuário eletrônico em farmácias públicas. Um total de 1.603 idosos foi investigado, com média de idade de 74 anos, mulheres (73,1%), raça branca (80,6%) e não casados (60%). Interações potenciais graves foram identificadas em 13,5% dos pacientes envolvendo medicamentos psicotrópicos e 29,4% envolvendo psicotrópicos e não psicotrópicos. A prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 65,0%, com associação significativa OR= 3,8 (IC 1,7 – 8,3) para interações graves entre medicamentos psicotrópicos e OR= 8,8 (IC 4,5 – 17,3) para interações graves entre medicamentos psicotrópicos e não psicotrópicos. Os psicoanalépticos e psicolépticos também mostraram relação significativa com a presença de potenciais interações graves, respectivamente (OR 1,5, IC 1,1 – 2,2; OR 1,9, IC 1,3 – 2,9). As enzimas CYP3A4 e CYP2D6 foram mais frequentes. Conclui-se que pacientes entre a sexta e a oitava décadas de vida, associados à polifarmácia, apresentam riscos elevados para interações potenciais graves entre medicamentos psicotrópicos envolvendo o citocromo P-450, com prevalência alta para as interações graves.
Statistical Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Concrete Slurry Waste: A Case Study of Sedimentation Tanks from Concrete Batching Plants in Manaus-Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Jéssica Raíssa , de Faria Yves Nathan , de Oliveira Mateus , Manzato Lizandro , Silva Cláudia
Published: March 2023

Concrete slurry waste is a material removed from sedimentation tanks that receive water used to wash concrete mixer trucks and patios of concrete batching plants (CBP). The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition of this residue from three different producers, in three consecutive months and at different collection points using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, investigate the inconstancy of content through analysis of variance, compare the qualitative and quantitative results with the literature and discuss the possibility of inserting the material in the proposal of different authors. Twenty-two oxides and elements were identified; among them, five showed their incidence in a punctual way. The analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences in the concentration of components between batching plants, months and collection points. The comparison with the literature showed that CaO, Al2O3 and SiO2 are the majority, both in the samples under study and in the samples from different authors. However, the average amounts of CaO are higher in the waste sludge from the concrete batching plants in question and, consequently, if this material were reused in the same proposals as the authors, the products would possibly present different characteristics and performance.
Turbulent flow mechanisms in meandering channels with sediment transport
Authors: Sahoo Suchismita , Sharma Anurag
Published: March 2023

This research aims to investigate the near-bed turbulent flow characteristics in a meandering channel with both mobile bed and immobile bed conditions. Experiments were performed in a prismatic rectangular meandering channel with a non-uniform sand bed of size d50 = 0.523mm. The three-dimensional instantaneous fluid velocity was collected using the Acoustic Doppler velocimeter which will provide important results related to the flow turbulence such as mean flow velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy, skewness, kurtosis and turbulent anisotropy. The secondary current flow and the exchange of momentum in the form of turbulence kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress and turbulent intensity at the inner layer of the flow are identified more in a mobile bed condition as compared to an immobile condition, which causes sediment transport. For the inner layer of the flow, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy are decreased in magnitude and gradually increase in the outer layer of flow for both the bed conditions. Higher turbulence anisotropy is noticed in the mobile bed condition than in the immobile bed condition, which shows more nonuniformities near the bed level for the mobile bed condition. This study may help in understanding the effect of sediment transport due to a turbulent flow structure in a sinuous alluvial channel.
Lateral inguinal hernia
Authors: Sanjaya Carolus Eko
Published: March 2023

Inguinal hernia has the most presentation of all hernia cases, which is about 75% of cases. Some risk factors that increase the incidence of inguinal hernia are old age, male, connective tissue abnormalities, and low body mass index. External risk factors consist of smoking, chronic coughing and carrying heavy loads. Inguinal hernias can be identified from the earlier clinical course and given treatment as early as possible. Surgery is the only therapy for an inguinal hernia aimed at removing the peritoneal sac and covering the defects on the fascia in the inguinal wall. Cases of hernia in rural areas may have delayed treatment because of limited facilities and public awareness of its complications. Cases of inguinal hernia that are treated too late can be life-threatening. Some complications can arise. A comprehensive specific approach in patients with an inguinal hernia in rural areas can increase the cure rate for inguinal hernia sufferers.
Nawyki żywieniowe młodzieży w szkołach średnich a zaburzenia odżywiania
Authors: Kochman Dorota , Bartkowska Justyna
Published: March 2023

Wstęp. Nieprawidłowe nawyki żywieniowe wśród młodych ludzi niosą za sobą negatywne skutki zdrowotne, których konsekwencje bywają niebezpieczne.

Cel: Celem niniejszej pracy jest ocena nawyków żywieniowych wiedzy oraz świadomości zdrowego odżywiania wśród badanej młodzieży przez pryzmat ryzyka zaburzeń odżywiania.

Materiał i metody. Za pomocą metody sondażu diagnostycznego i szacowania, przy użyciu ankiety własnego autorstwa badano nawyki żywieniowe młodzieży w kontekście zaburzeń odżywiania. Procedurę badawczą przygotowano w oparciu o oryginalną wersję kwestionariusza EAT-26 i ORTO-15. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 70 osób w wieku od 15 do 19 lat.

Wyniki. Wykazano, że złe nawyki żywieniowe w badanej grupie wpływają negatywnie na wybranych badanych.  Dochodzi do zaburzeń odżywiania m.in. otyłości i nadwagi. Większość przebadanej młodzieży odżywia się zdrowo, nie wykazują oni problemów w sferze fizycznej, psychicznej i społecznej. Mają oni prawidłową masę ciała odpowiednią do ich wieku.

Wnioski. Nieprawidłowe nawyki żywieniowe młodzieży są coraz częstszym problem w dzisiejszych czasach, z którym zmaga się duża grupa społeczeństwa. Nadmierne spożywanie posiłków, brak ich regularności, unikanie pierwszych śniadań, jedzenie posiłków typu fast-food lub z dużą zawartością cukru, prowokowanie wymiotów staje się główną przyczyną nieprawidłowej masy ciała. Prowadzi to do szeregu negatywnych konsekwencji, a mianowicie pogorszeniu ulega zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne młodych ludzi, a także dochodzi do zaburzeń odżywiania. Większość młodzieży, która została poddana badaniu wykazała się wiedzą z zakresu zdrowego odżywiania i nie wykazała nieprawidłowych zaburzeń odżywiania. Jednakże wśród ankietowanych znalazła się grupa młodzieży, u której konieczne jest wprowadzenie edukacji zdrowotnej, aby mogli oni zacząć niwelować złe nawyki żywieniowe.
Treatment in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Factors that Affect Successful Treatment Outcome
Authors: Shim Dae Bo
Published: March 2023

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common etiology of benign vestibulopathy. Various treatments for BPPV have been developed, and appropriate treatments for each subtype of BPPV have been provided and used in accordance with clinical practice guidelines published by the American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in 2008 and 2017. Although many therapeutic maneuvers have been reported to show high success rates in the treatment of BPPV patients, some cases are not effective even by appropriate therapeutic maneuvers. This article reviews various factors affecting the successful treatment of BPPV patients.
Vision syndrome due to the use of computers and psychological impact on teachers at a university in the province of Cañete
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, Lima, Peru, Uribe-Hernandez Yrene , Ochoa-Paredes Filiberto ,   Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, Lima, Peru, Moran-Requena Hugo ,   Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, Lima, Peru, Pacheco-Pumaleque Alex ,   Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, Lima, Peru
Published: March 2023

Digital education has had consequences on the visual health of teachers and students during the pandemic generating a negative psychological impact, since being so long on the computer generates visual expenditure and therefore the person could present long-term visual problems, so the objective of the research is to determine the syndrome of vision by the use of computers and psychological impact in teachers of a University of the province of Cañete. It is a quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study, with a total population of 98 teachers providing them with a digital survey with sociodemographic aspects, the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale. In their results, it was observed that 64% (n=57) of teachers have a low level of vision syndrome and a high level of psychological impact. To conclude, it is necessary to take into account the advice to teachers and students on prevention measures on the complications of being on the computer and their consequences.
The [Dissipative] Joy of Accounting: Desiring, Imagining, and Talking about NFTs While the Planet Burns
Authors: Crano Ricky D.
Published: March 2023

Promoters of art-oriented non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and online NFT auction houses like Foundation, OpenSea, and SuperRare claim to be “revolutionizing” and “democratizing” the worlds of art and art collecting by deploying blockchain technology to track sales and purchases and thereby eliminating the threats of transactional opacity and fraud that have long plagued art markets. This article complicates such claims by arguing that with NFTs, the usual clamoring for authenticity in art becomes so abstract that only code remains, as the aesthetic object becomes effectively indistinct from the account of its provenance and transaction history. An NFT, like a financial derivative, has no necessary or representational relationship with any actual underlying object. The artwork associated with the token is, rather, prised apart from its existence as property and finds its use not in being seen or felt, but in the truth of its copyability. Looking beyond the NFTs themselves, this article interrogates the discourses promulgating this trend. Comment threads in Reddit and Discord groups, for example, do much to channel the libidinal energy elicited by an artwork, while the digital token itself generates an acquisitive enthusiasm wholly apart from the sensation of seeing or hearing the associated work. Despite fronting radical social change, NFTs ultimately reinforce traditional forms of property and ownership, exhibit reactionary aesthetic and cultural values, and anticipate increasingly authoritarian modes of social control. Taking a wider view, I consider ours an age of post-information, wherein, contrary to Bateson’s classic definition of information in terms of a doubled difference, we find data-based artifacts like NFTs (following cryptocurrency) to be increasingly productive of widespread social and political indifference, a perpetuation of sameness, and an augmentation of the narcissistic ego. In this case: data as the afterlife of art.
The "Situation" in Micronesia: The Rise of Behavioral Dispossession
Authors: Zehner Brett
Published: March 2023

In one of the largest ethnographies ever produced, American anthropologists subjected nearly the entire population of Micronesia to psychological testing. This battery of tests created databases to universalize patterns of economic behavior by collecting “aberrations” in rational thought. Perhaps ironically, the methods developed through Micronesian data experiments provided the formal tools to model corporate decision-making. In the process, economists created a new space of racialized capitalist expansion by producing raw behavioral data. I theorize these early forms of data dispossession as a violent procedure that creates a rift between old modes of subjective identity and new modes of production. My analysis of the weaponization of behavioral modeling—both bypassing the individual as a locus of economic value and dividing the common—sheds new light on the development of so-called data mining on contemporary online platforms.
Effectiveness of Interactive Digital Decision Aids in Prenatal Screening Decision-making: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Hong Yat Conrad , Asim Saba , Feng Qi , Fu Sherry Xiao-hong , Sahota Daljit Singh , So Po Lam , Dong Dong
Published: March 2023

Background

Increasing prenatal screening options and limited consultation time have made it difficult for pregnant women to participate in shared decision-making. Interactive digital decision aids (IDDAs) could integrate interactive technology into health care to a facilitate higher-quality decision-making process.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of IDDAs on pregnant women’s decision-making regarding prenatal screening.

Methods

We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Google Scholar, and reference lists of included studies until August 2021. We included the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of IDDAs (fulfilling basic criteria of International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration and these were interactive and digital) as an adjunct to standard care with standard care alone and involved pregnant women themselves in prenatal screening decision-making. Data on primary outcomes, that is, knowledge and decisional conflict, and secondary outcomes were extracted, and meta-analyses were conducted based on standardized mean differences (SMDs). Subgroup analysis based on knowledge was performed. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for risk-of-bias assessment.

Results

Eight RCTs were identified from 10,283 references, of which 7 were included in quantitative synthesis. Analyses showed that IDDAs increased knowledge (SMD 0.58, 95% CI 0.26-0.90) and decreased decisional conflict (SMD –0.15, 95% CI –0.25 to –0.05). Substantial heterogeneity in knowledge was identified, which could not be completely resolved through subgroup analysis.

Conclusions

IDDAs can improve certain aspects of decision-making in prenatal screening among pregnant women, but the results require cautious interpretation.
SNapp, a Tailored Smartphone App Intervention to Promote Walking in Adults of Low Socioeconomic Position: Development and Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Vos Anne L , de Bruijn Gert-Jan , Klein Michel C A , Lakerveld Jeroen , Boerman Sophie C , Smit Edith G
Published: March 2023

Background

Adults of low socioeconomic position (SEP) are generally less physically active than those who are more socioeconomically advantaged, which increases their cardiovascular disease incidence risk. Moreover, individuals of low SEP are often less easily reached with physical activity (PA) interventions than individuals of higher SEP. Smartphone apps have been presented as a promising platform for delivering PA interventions to difficult-to-reach individuals of low SEP. Although PA apps are widely available, they are rarely based on health behavior theories and most predominantly offer generic PA advice. Consequently, it is unlikely that available apps are the most effective PA intervention tools.

Objective

To respond to these areas for improvement, we developed SNapp, an app-based intervention encouraging adults of low SEP to increase PA by providing tailored coaching messages targeting walking behavior. This study aimed to describe SNapp’s stepwise development and pilot evaluation process.

Methods

We applied a stepwise approach: analyzing the health problem, developing a program framework, developing tailoring assessments, writing tailored messages, automating the tailoring process, and implementing and evaluating the program in a qualitative pilot study (11 participants).

Results

SNapp consisted of several elements. First, an app was developed to collect step count and geolocation data using smartphone sensor functionalities. In addition, a survey measure was created to assess users’ behavior change technique (BCT) preferences. These 3 data types were used to tailor SNapp’s coaching messages to stimulate walking. This allows SNapp to offer feedback on performance levels, contextually tailored prompts when users are near green spaces, and coaching content that aligns with individual BCT preferences. Finally, a server-based Python program that interacts with databases containing user data and tailored messages was built using Microsoft Azure to select and automatically send messages to users through Telegram messenger. Pilot study findings indicated that SNapp was rated positively, with participants reporting that its design, technical functioning, and message content were acceptable. Participants suggested additional functionalities that are worth considering for future updates.

Conclusions

SNapp is an app-based intervention that aims to promote walking in adults of low SEP by offering tailored coaching messages. Its development is theory based, and it is among the first to incorporate contextualized feedback and content tailored to individual BCT preferences. The effectiveness of SNapp will be evaluated in a 12-month real-life parallel cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Co-created Technological Solutions for Caregivers in Health Care: Systematic Review
Authors: Merchán-Baeza Jose Antonio , Borralleras Andreu Cristina , Minobes-Molina Eduard , Grau Carrión Sergi , Romero-Mas Montse , Ramon-Aribau Anna
Published: March 2023

Background

Support interventions for caregivers can reduce their stress, possibly improving the quality of patients’ care while reducing care costs. Technological solutions have been designed to cover their needs, but there are some challenges in making them truly functional for end users. Co-design approaches present important opportunities for engaging diverse populations to help ensure that technological solutions are inclusive and accessible.

Objective

This study aimed to identify co-created technological solutions, as well as the process followed for their co-creation, in the field of health for caregivers.

Methods

The literature review was conducted in the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Scielo, and IEEE Xplore databases. The inclusion criteria were studies written in English or Spanish and with a publication date until May 2021. The content had to specify that the caregivers actively participated in the co-creation process, which covered until the development phase of the technological solution (prototype). The level of evidence and the methodological quality were analyzed when possible, using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, version 2018, respectively.

Results

In total, 410 papers were identified, and 11 met the eligibility criteria. The most predominant articles were mixed methods studies and qualitative studies. The technology used in the analyzed articles were mobile or web applications (9 studies) and specific devices such as sensors, cameras, or alarm systems (2 studies) to support the health and social aspects of caregivers and improve their education in care. The most common patient profile was older people (7 studies); 6 studies used co-creation in the requirements phase, 6 studies detailed the design phase. In 9 studies, the prototype was iteratively refined in the development phase, and the validation phase was performed in 5 of the reviewed studies.

Conclusions

This systematic review suggests that existing co-created technological solutions in the field of health for caregivers are mostly mobile or web applications to support caregivers’ social health and well-being and improve their health knowledge when delivering care to patients, especially older people. As for the co-creation process, caregivers are particularly involved during development and in the design. The scarce literature found indicates that further research with higher methodological quality is needed.
A Comparison of Women’s and Men’s Web-Based Information-Seeking Behaviors About Gender-Related Health Information: Web-Based Survey Study of a Stratified German Sample
Authors: Link Elena , Baumann Eva
Published: March 2023

Background

Gender-sensitive approaches to health communication aim to integrate gender perspectives at all levels of communication, as an individual’s biological sex and socially assigned gender identity have an impact on whether and how one acquires what type of health information. Due to the fast and low-cost opportunity to search for a wide range of information, the internet seems to be a particularly suitable place for gender-related health information about diseases of sex-specific organs and diseases where biological differences are associated with different health risks.

Objective

This study aims to inform gender-related information provision and acquisition in 2 ways. The first objective was to provide a theory-driven analysis of web-based health information–seeking behavior (HISB) regarding gender-related issues. Therefore, the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM), which is one of the most integrative models of HISB, was adapted and applied. Second, we asked for gender-specific motivational determinants of gender-related web-based HISB comparing the predictors in the groups of women and men.

Methods

Data from a stratified web-based survey of the German population (N=3000) explained gender-related web-based HISB and influencing patterns comparing women and men. The applicability of PRISM to gender-related web-based HISB was tested using structural equation modeling and a multigroup comparison.

Results

The results revealed PRISM as an effective framework for explaining gender-related web-based HISB. The model accounted for 28.8% of the variance in gender-related web-based HISB. Gender-related subjective norms provided the most crucial explanatory power, followed by perceived seeking control. The multigroup comparison revealed differences in the model’s explanatory power and the relevance of predictors of gender-related web-based HISB. The share of explained variances of web-based HISB is higher in men than in women. For men, norms were a more relevant promoting factor, whereas web-based HISB of women was more strongly associated with perceived seeking control.

Conclusions

The results are crucial for gender-sensitive targeting strategies and suggest gender-related health information interventions that address gender-related subjective norms. Furthermore, programs (eg, web-based learning units) should be developed and offered to improve individuals’ (perceived) abilities to perform web-based searches for health information, as those with higher control beliefs are more likely to access web-based information.
The Effect of Vitamin D on Inflammation and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Authors: MacGirlley Rizqah , Mokgalaboni Kabelo
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that contributes to an increasing global burden on the health system. It has a high chance of leading to macrovascular complications and cardiovascular disease. As an inflammatory condition, it would be essential to target inflammatory pathways when developing therapeutic drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on markers of inflammation and lipid profile among adult patients with diabetes.

METHODS

A systematic review will seek studies published on Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. This planned systematic review and meta-analysis will be limited to randomized controlled trials; moreover, the search will include published studies regarding the effects of vitamin D on pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles. The review will include studies published from inception until December 30, 2022. The study identification and selection will be based on the eligibility criteria by 2 independent reviewers. Additionally, a meta-analysis will only be performed if more than 2 studies are available and explore the same outcomes, and this will be analyzed using RevMan (version 5.4.1). The quality and risk of bias will be assessed following the Cochrane risk of bias tool and Jadad checklist.

RESULTS

The process for searching literature review has already started, and this is conducted independently by 2 reviewers using a predefined eligibility and “participants, intervention, comparator, and outcome” criteria. This systematic review and meta-analysis will not require any direct involvement of patients and the public; thus, no ethical approval was required.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings obtained from the proposed study will be presented in scientific seminars, journal clubs, and conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols INPLASY202260022; https://inplasy.com/?s=INPLASY202260022

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/42193
¿Cómo se debe regular un proceso constituyente democrático? reflexiones a partir de la experiencia chilena
Authors: Negretto Gabriel Leonardo , Soto Barrientos Francisco
Published: March 2023

A lo largo de la historia los reemplazos constitucionales han estado asociados a procesos de independencia o a transiciones del autoritarismo a la democracia; sin embargo, en las últimas décadas se han hecho cada vez más frecuentes en democracias ya establecidas, particularmente en América Latina. Los reemplazos constitucionales en democracia tienen consecuencias políticas y normativas que no han sido visibilizadas ni cuentan con un sustento analítico suficiente en la teoría constitucional tradicional. En este artículo, argumentamos que la regulación legal y constitucional anticipada de un proceso constituyente presenta claras ventajas para un régimen democrático cuando persigue como objetivos mantener un balance entre continuidad y cambio, facilitar el consenso entre las fuerzas políticas y promover la participación ciudadana. No obstante, el intento de someter un reemplazo constitucional a un marco legal preestablecido y detallado en la Constitución anterior tiene límites en un contexto de crisis de representación, que hace necesaria la elaboración de la nueva Constitución por una convención independiente. Para ilustrar este argumento, examinaremos el origen y contenido de la reforma constitucional que hizo posible el recientemente fallido proceso constituyente en Chile, las leyes que la complementaron y los reglamentos aprobados por la convención constitucional en este país.
Las zonas de interés para el desarrollo rural, económico y social frente a los derechos sociales y la inversión extranjera en Colombia
Authors: Bocanegra Jiménez María , Insignares Cera Silvana , Giovannetti Lugo Cecilia
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las relaciones y tensiones que se podrían presentar entre la agroindustria, la inversión extranjera y los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales de la población campesina colombiana a partir de la implementación de la Ley 1776 de 2016, denominada Ley Zidres, la cual crea las Zonas de Interés para el Desarrollo Rural, Económico y Social en Colombia. Es una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, orientada a la descripción y análisis del fenómeno de estudio, para generar la sistematización teórica a partir de los datos obtenidos. La principal limitación experimentada es que actualmente hay una única zona constituida como Zidres en Colombia, de la que aún no se conocen datos cuantitativos de su producción. Este se constituye en un trabajo original, dado que no se ubica en la literatura académica un análisis detallado de la ley Zidres y sus posibles consecuencias, lo que genera un especial valor para generar alertas sobre la posible implementación de dicha normatividad. Como principal conclusión, se resalta que la Ley Zidres genera tensiones entre la inversión extranjera y los derechos económicos y sociales de Colombia, en el que se ven amenazados derechos como el mínimo vital, el derecho al trabajo y la dignidad humana.
The Role of NGOs in the Development of Women\'s Entrepreneurship in Jharkhand
Authors: Chaudhary Dr. Amar Kumar , Kumari RInki
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Women are increasingly finding success in entrepreneurship as a means of achieving financial independence. Economic shifts and the loosening of social restrictions during the past two decades (during the post-liberalization era) have further prompted women to launch their own enterprises. The aim of the study is to pinpoint the factors that encourage female entrepreneurship in the state of Jharkhand, factors include push and pull factors. NGOs play a crucial role in advancing the cause of women entrepreneurs in Jharkhand by working with an autonomous society named JSLPS established by the Rural Development Department of Jharkhand. NGOs such as Udyogini have intervened in Khunti, Ranchi and Gumla districts, PARADAN has also encouraged female entrepreneurship in the field of sericulture in numerous Jharkhand districts, including Dumka and Godda. Jharkhand being a poor state face a number of important challenges, which is why women here are still lagging behind. These issues can be broadly categorised as Illiteracy, a male-dominated culture, lack of infrastructural facilities, inadequate amount of funds, and the perspective of society towards women being an entrepreneur.
Multifunctional Control for PV Integrated Battery Energy Storage System with Enhanced Power Quality
Authors: Mohan B. Murali , Gurucharan S. , Reddy V. Achyuth , Balaji P. , Kumar B. Karthik
Published: March 2023

Abstract: This modest paper presents a study on the energy quality produced by a multifunction system consisting of a Photovoltaic (PV) power source connected to a battery. A three-level inverter was used in the system studied for the purpose of improving the quality of energy injected into the grid and decreasing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is used for the purpose of ensuring optimal production of photovoltaic energy. In addition, another FLC controller is used to ensure DC bus stabilization. The considered system was implemented in the Matlab/Simpower environment. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed inverter at three levels in improving the quality of energy injected from the system into the grid.
A Review on Detection of Parkinsons Disease Using ML Algorithms
Authors: M Sakshi , Nayak Dr. Sankhya N , G N Skanda , Adiga Shreyas R , R Pavana
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Parkinson disease prediction is an area of active research in healthcare and machine learning. Even though Parkinson's disease is not well-known worldwide, its negative impacts are detrimental and should be seriously considered. Furthermore, because individuals are so immersed in their busy lives, they frequently disregard the early signs of this condition, which could worsen as it progresses. There are many techniques for Parkinson disease prediction. In this paper we are going to discuss some of the possible technical solutions proposed by researchers