bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic placement of mineral and biobased fertilizers for optimizing phosphorus use efficiency: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sica Pietro , Sitzmann Tomas Javier , Müller‐Stöver Dorette , Magid Jakob
Published: February 2025

This study presents a literature review focusing on the placement of phosphorus‐rich fertilizers, evaluating their agronomic efficiency and potential benefits to plant growth. While the placement of mineral phosphorus fertilizer offers benefits such as increased early season phosphorus uptake and higher yields, the success of this practice is strongly influenced by factors such as soil type, weather conditions, production system, application depth and others. However, the placement of biowaste and biobased fertilizers can have drawbacks. This review highlights the negative effects associated with the placement of biobased fertilizers, primarily due to low phosphorus solubility and unbalanced nutrient composition, resulting in reduced reactivity and potential ammonium toxicity. Strategies to mitigate these limitations are discussed, including acidification to increase phosphorus solubility and recommending specific placement distances and timing to minimize toxicity effects. In addition, this study demonstrates the importance of further studies on this topic and propose the use of novel visualization techniques (planar optodes, diffusion gradient in thin films) to elucidate the effects of placement of different biowastes on physical, chemical and biological processes in the placement zone and surrounding soil. This will enable a comprehensive understanding of fertilizer composition and placement strategies to unlock the full potential of biobased fertilizers, improve their P use efficiency in agriculture and thus contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and increased productivity, in line with several of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
Frailty and Infection in Solid‐Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Taimur Sarah , Ison Michael G. , Baddley John W. , Abidi Maheen Z.
Published: February 2025

Background

The association between frailty and infection in the transplant population is not well understood. Emerging data suggests that frailty at the time of transplant is associated with increased infection risk in liver and older kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

The authors conducted a brief electronic survey of transplant infectious disease (TID) clinicians, to assess clinical practice trends on frailty assessment.

Results

Among survey participants, only 40% reported a routine assessment of frailty in transplant candidates and recipients at their institutions, most commonly in liver transplant patients. The majority of respondents (77%) reported not being routinely involved in making clinical decisions utilizing frailty information. Seventy‐one percent reported interest in the study of frailty in relation to infections in the transplant host.

Conclusion

In this survey of TID clinicians, less than half reported a formal frailty assessment for candidates and recipients at their institutions. TID clinicians are mostly not involved in making clinical decisions related to frailty; however, the majority endorsed interest in frailty and infection research. We need future studies to enhance our understanding of the emerging data on the association between frailty and infection risk in the transplant host.

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NbNAC1 enhances plant immunity against TMV by regulating isochorismate synthase 1 expression and the SA pathway
Authors: Zhu Feng , Li Kainan , Cao Mengyao , Zhang Qiping , Zhou Yangkai , Chen Huan , AlKhazindar Maha , Ji Zhaolin
Published: February 2025

Salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in plant local and systemic resistance. Isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) is a key enzyme in SA synthesis. Pathogens infection triggered the ICS1 expression and induced SA production. However, the molecular regulation mechanism of ICS1 against virus infection remains unclear. Here, we employed molecular genetics and physiobiochemical approaches to confirm a transcription factor NbNAC1 from Nicotiana benthamiana is a positive regulator of resistance against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The pathways NbNAC1 and NbICS1 can be triggered by TMV infection. Silencing NbNAC1 accelerated TMV‐induced oxidative damage and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It also weakened both local and systemic resistance against TMV and decreased the expression of NbICS1, SA signaling gene NbNPR1, and SA defense‐related genes. The effects of NbNAC1‐silencing were restored by overexpression of NbICS1 or foliar SA applications. Overexpressing NbNAC1 prevented oxidative damage and reduced the production of ROS, enhanced plant resistance against viral pathogen, and activated NbICS1 expression, and SA downstream signaling and defense‐related genes. NbNAC1 localized in nuclear and emerged the ability of transcriptional regulation. ChIP and EMSA results indicated that NbNAC1 directly binds to a fragment containing GAAATT motif of NbICS1 promoter. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that NbNAC1 activates NbICS1 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NbNAC1 plays a critical role in plant immunity through activation of SA production.
Exploring courage and compassion in social work
Authors: Weld Nicki , Beddoe Liz
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: Both courage and compassion can contribute to the process of managing adverse situations in social work, particularly where there are high levels of distress or confronting behaviour. Courage can enable social workers to enter and remain engaged in these situations, while compassion can be considered essential to support the relational work required to increase safety and contribute to sustained change. These concepts can also support social worker safety and wellbeing, helping mitigate the emotional impacts of the work.
APPROACH: This article defines and explores the potential application of both courage and compassion to social work practice. The potential contribution of both concepts to sustaining social worker wellbeing, safe practice and personal growth are also identified. The intention of the article is to invite further discussion and articulation of these concepts in social work practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Courage and compassion can offer ways to support social workers to be steadfast in their practice, while developing relationships that can contribute to increased wellbeing and safety for both themselves and others. This, in turn, can bring profound rewards through the experiences of vicarious resilience, compassion satisfaction, and even post-traumatic growth. Further application and discussion of these concepts within social work is warranted.
Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of predatory mite in the subgenus Anthoseius De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Döker Ismail , Khaustov Vladimir A. , Ben-Ami Reut , Tabic Arnon , Joharchi Omid
Published: February 2025

A new species of phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) neorecki sp. nov., is described based on adult specimens of both sexes and a comprehensive analysis of GenBank data. These specimens were collected from the Golan Heights, in Israel. Additionally, T. (A.) recki Wainstein is redescribed using adult specimens of both sexes collected from various locations, including Crimea, Stavropolski Krai and Altai Republic, Russia. The morphological characteristics, including all dorsal setal measurements and other taxonomically important characters, are nearly identical between T. (A.) neorecki sp. nov. and T. (A.) recki, except for the morphology of the spermatheca and the spermatodactyl. Although the morphological differences are relatively minor, these two species are distinctly separated by their COX1 sequences, which exhibit genetic distances ranging from 0.196 to 0.225 based on the Tamura 3-parameter model. This study demonstrates the significance of the shape of calyx of spermatheca and the position of atrium, whether attached to or incorporated within the calyx in phytoseiid taxonomy. It also demonstrates the value of an integrative approach that combines both morphological and molecular analyses for this widely studied family of predatory mites, Phytoseiidae.
Non-negative matrix factorization based single-channel source-separation of passive underwater acoustic signals in deep sea
Authors: Lecoulant Jean , Boudraa Abdel-Ouahab , Pinson Samuel
Published: February 2025

We use non-negative matrix factorization for source separation on ultra-low frequency passive-acoustic data from a single-channel recording acquired in deep sea. Non-negative matrix factorization decomposes the spectrogram into a spectral-component matrix and a time-encoding matrix. Detectors use known time-frequency features to group components from the same source and reconstruct spectrograms of blue whale calls, seismic sounds, and ship noise. Data are separated at low computational cost and without learning step. The separation assessment using scale-invariant signal-to-distortion ratio on spectrograms of simulated reference data is satisfying. Source separation on ocean-bottom seismometer data from the Southern Indian Ocean provides convincing results.
How Fandom, Union Sentiment, and Game Knowledge Influence U.S. Sports Journalism Students’ Sympathies During a Major League Baseball Labor Dispute
Authors: Massi Talia , Jordan Andrew , Greer Ashley , Reed Sada
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted during the 2022 Major League Baseball lockout to determine how sports journalism students’ union sentiment, baseball fandom, and baseball knowledge could predict whether they sympathized more with management or players and their perception of the players’ union. We found that sports journalism students generally lean pro-union, and their baseball fandom fell into three fandom subcategories: appreciation for athletes’ physical skill, living vicariously through the athletes, and socialization/escapism. Students’ average score on the baseball strategy knowledge test was 65%. Results of a multiple regression found that the higher participants’ pro-union sentiment, escapism/socialization, and appreciation for physical skill, the more they sympathized with players during the lockout. The only significant predictor of a promanagement stance, however, was students’ antiunion sentiment. Using sports journalism students’ fandom, union sentiment, and baseball strategy knowledge, regression models could predict 83% and 84% of the variability in students’ respective proplayer and promanagement sympathies.
Exploring How Soccer Players With Perfectionism Navigate Challenges in Talent Pathways
Authors: Donachie Tracy C. , Mallinson-Howard Sarah H. , Hill Andrew P. , Tamminen Katherine A.
Published: February 2025

The study provides a qualitative exploration of how soccer players reporting perfectionism navigate challenges in talent pathways. Eighteen players (10 females, eight males, Mage = 16.17 years, SD = 3.47) from talent pathways with higher levels of perfectionism and perfectionistic cognitions (1SD above the mean of samples from previous studies) participated in semistructured one-to-one interviews. Using semantic thematic analysis, seven themes were identified: cycles of anxiety, sadness at being a substitute, self-criticism and hopelessness during slumps, ruminating on mistakes, worthless when injured, shame in success and intolerance of defeat, and psychological distress. Participants experienced heightened anxiety, especially when substituted, and responded to poor performance, mistakes, and injuries with self-criticism and unhelpful emotions. Postmatch, they ruminated over both success and defeat, with some reporting extreme psychological difficulties. The findings highlight how aspiring soccer players perceived perfectionism as a barrier to overcoming challenges, hindering both their performance and well-being.
Trans Athletes in College Sport: Searching for a Path That Leads to Greater Inclusion
Authors: Huslage Melody
Published: February 2025

Many state legislatures have limited the ability of trans athletes to play sports in congruence with their gender identity. The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of support, safety, and inclusion of trans athletes in the college context. Informed by Foucault’s work on the binary division of bodies, the surveillance and disciplining of bodies, and individual resistance, a cross-sectional survey of U.S. college athletes was utilized to assess: (1) support for inclusion; (2) sources of support for trans athletes; (3) athletic spaces regarding safety and inclusion for trans athletes; and (4) how knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding trans individuals predict support for inclusion. While findings suggest support exists for the trans community overall, opposition exists to inclusion efforts in the context of sport. I provide recommendations based on my findings, including the need for attention to specific sporting spaces, increased education on the social construction of sex and gender, and challenging the sex-segregated structure of sport.
The mutational landscape and functional effects of noncoding ultraconserved elements in human cancers
Authors: Bayraktar Recep , Tang Yitao , Dragomir Mihnea P. , Ivan Cristina , Peng Xinxin , Fabris Linda , Zhang Jianhua , Carugo Alessandro , Aneli Serena , Liu Jintan , Chen Mei-Ju M. , Srinivasan Sanjana , Sahnoune Iman , Bayraktar Emine , Akdemir Kadir C. , Chen Meng , Narayanan Pranav , Huang Wilson , Ott Leonie Florence , Eterovic Agda Karina , Villarreal Oscar Eduardo , Mohammad Mohammad Moustaf , Peoples Michael D. , Walsh Danielle M. , Hernandez Jon Andrew , Morgan Margaret B. , Shaw Kenna R. , Davis Jennifer S. , Menter David , Tam Constantine S. , Yeh Paul , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Rassenti Laura Z. , Kipps Thomas J. , Kunej Tanja , Estrov Zeev , Joosse Simon A. , Pagani Luca , Alix-Panabières Catherine , Pantel Klaus , Ferajoli Alessandra , Futreal Andrew , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Radovich Milan , Kopetz Scott , Keating Michael J. , Draetta Giulio F. , Mattick John S. , Liang Han , Calin George A.
Published: February 2025

The mutational landscape of phylogenetically ultraconserved elements (UCEs), especially those in noncoding DNAs (ncUCEs), and their functional relevance in cancers remain poorly characterized. Here, we perform a systematic analysis of whole-genome and in-house targeted UCE sequencing datasets from more than 3000 patients with cancer of 13,736 UCEs and demonstrate that ncUCE somatic alterations are common. Using a multiplexed CRISPR knockout screen in colorectal cancer cells, we show that the loss of several altered ncUCEs significantly affects cell proliferation. In-depth functional studies in vitro and in vivo further reveal that specific ncUCEs can be enhancers of tumor suppressors (such as ARID1B) and silencers of oncogenic proteins (such as RPS13). Moreover, several miRNAs located in ncUCEs are recurrently mutated. Mutations in miR-142 locus can affect the Drosha-mediated processing of precursor miRNAs, resulting in the down-regulation of the mature transcript. These results provide systematic evidence that specific ncUCEs play diverse regulatory roles in cancer.
Direct ionic stress sensing and mitigation by the transcription factor NFAT5
Authors: Khandwala Chandni B. , Sarkar Parijat , Schmidt H. Broder , Ma Mengxiao , Pusapati Ganesh V. , Lamoliatte Frederic , Kinnebrew Maia , Patel Bhaven B. , Tillo Desiree , Lebensohn Andres M. , Rohatgi Rajat
Published: February 2025

Rising temperatures and water scarcity caused by climate change are increasingly exposing our cells and tissues to ionic stress, a consequence of elevated cytoplasmic ionic strength that can disrupt protein, organelle, and genome function. Here, we unveil a single-protein mechanism for ionic strength sensing and mitigation in animal cells, one that is notably different from the analogous high osmolarity glycerol kinase cascade in yeast. The Rel family transcription factor NFAT5 directly senses intracellular ionic strength using a C-terminal prion-like domain (PLD). In response to elevated intracellular ionic strength, this PLD is necessary and sufficient to coordinate an adaptive gene expression program by recruiting the transcriptional coactivator BRD4. The purified NFAT5 PLD forms condensates in response to elevated solution ionic strength in vitro, and human NFAT5 alone is sufficient to reconstitute a mammalian transcriptional response to ionic stress in yeast. We propose that ion-sensitive conformational changes in a PLD directly regulate transcription to maintain ionic strength homeostasis in animal cells.
Glendonites as proxy for gas hydrate in paleoseeps: Evidence from the Outer Carpathians (Poland)
Authors: Giunti Stefano , Bojanowski Maciej J.
Published: February 2025

Gas hydrate represents a geological, environmental, and climatic hazard. The risks related to gas hydrate can be better evaluated with a well-constrained knowledge about its occurrence in Earth’s history. However, the understanding of gas hydrate in the geological past is very limited due to the paucity of insights that this compound leaves in the rock record after its destabilization. Calcite pseudomorphs after ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), also known as glendonites, are here documented in Oligocene seep carbonates from the Outer Carpathians in southern Poland. These glendonites exhibit a typical polyhedral morphology, an internal multi-stage calcite cementation, and the presence of guttulatic microtexture. Glendonites co-occur with clast-like, calcite-filled druses, which represent former gas hydrate aggregates. The former co-occurrence of ikaite and gas hydrate, now both pseudomorphed by calcite, is here newly reported in ancient seep carbonates. Pseudomorphs after ikaite have been abundantly reported from the geological record, in contrast to vestiges of gas hydrate. Due to both gas hydrate and ikaite being typically stable at low temperatures, glendonites in seep carbonates suggest that methane, which is ubiquitous in cold seeps, became entrapped in hydrate under frigid conditions. Thus, glendonite-containing seep carbonates appear to act as a proxy for the previous occurrence of gas hydrate. This has the potential to enhance the recognition of gas hydrate-containing marine deposits in the sedimentary record, which may consequently increase our understanding of the impact of gas hydrate on former, and consequently, future climates.
Exploring experiences of less-than-full-time postgraduate medical training in Ireland and options for future improvement: a qualitative study
Authors: Matthews Ciara , Beecham Gabriel Blankson , Khan Majid , Judge Gillian , Afrasinei Manuela , McCormack Martin , Hanley Karena
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Irish healthcare has struggled with attrition and emigration. Reasons include long working hours and work–life balance. Worldwide interest in less-than-full-time (LTFT) postgraduate medical training is increasing. Potential benefits include cost savings, reduced burn-out and improved patient safety; potential difficulties include maintaining service provision and negative perceptions from colleagues. This study aimed to examine experiences, awareness and attitudes towards LTFT training in Ireland, to identify potential improvements.

Design

This prospective qualitative study used semistructured interviews. Interview participants were selected by volunteering in response to advertisements and by purposeful sampling. Data were coded and compiled into key themes, with the sample size determined by code saturation.

Setting

This study took place across a number of rural and urban centres in Ireland, including secondary and tertiary hospitals, administrative departments and postgraduate training offices.

Participants

29 participants were interviewed. Recruitment targeted doctors of varying levels and specialties (both in training and non-training posts), medical educators and other individuals involved in postgraduate medical training, such as training administrators and medical manpower managers.

Primary outcome measures

Primary outcome measures include awareness of LTFT training in Ireland, satisfaction with it and its effectiveness in supporting career, service provision and training requirements.

Results

Awareness of LTFT training was poor. Training structures were seen as inflexible. Trainees preferred higher whole-time-equivalent (WTE) hours, such as 70%–80% WTE, which may present administrative challenges. Participants felt LTFT training would have little impact on service provision. Some feared that LTFT training might affect career progression and competency, but participants with experience of LTFT training disagreed. Many felt that making LTFT training mainstream would foster positive attitudes.

Conclusions

Potential improvements to LTFT training include increasing administrative and medical staff support, accommodating higher WTE percentages and providing liaison officers. Focused improvement of LTFT training could contribute to the welfare of doctors in postgraduate training.
REDUCED H-REFLEX GAIN IN SOLEUS DURING ISOMETRIC PLANTAR FLEXOR AND DORSIFLEXOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS IN OLD ADULTS
Authors: Henry Mélanie , Theodosiadou Anastasia , Baudry Stéphane
Published: February 2025

The modulation of the Hoffmann (H) reflex amplitude during agonist and antagonist muscle contractions provides relevant information on the neural control of leg muscles but remains largely unknown in older adults. This study investigated the H-reflex gain in the soleus muscle at rest and during plantar flexor (PF) and dorsiflexor (DF) muscle contractions performed at 10%, 20% and 30% of the maximal electromyographic activity (EMGMVC) in 12 young (23-35yrs) and 12 old adults (61-76yrs). The reflex gain was measured as the slope of the relation between H-reflex amplitude and background EMG activity. The stimulation intensity was set to evoke at rest an H reflex in the ascending phase of its recruitment curve preceded by an M wave (5 and 10% of its maximal amplitude; Mmax). During PF contractions, the H-reflex amplitude increased with the increase in contraction intensity in both groups with a greater reflex gain (p=0.024) in young [1.2 (0.5)% Mmax/% EMGMVC] than old adults [0.7 (0.4)% Mmax/% EMGMVC]. During DF contractions, the H-reflex amplitude decreased in both groups, with a more negative reflex gain (p=0.009) in young [-6.8 (2.8)% Mmax/% EMGMVC] than old adults [-2.7 (4.0)% Mmax/% EMGMVC]. Furthermore, the decrease in H-reflex amplitude was linearly associated with the increase in tibialis anterior EMG in both groups. The present study showed a smaller reflex gain in old adults in soleus during submaximal PF and DF contractions, suggesting a decreased ability to adjust the excitatory afferent inputs during PF contractions, and to modulate reciprocal inhibition during DF contractions.
Distribution and pathogenicity of Cicer arietinum infecting fungi in Tunisian agricultural lands
Authors: Ben Romdhane Samir , Weinmann Markus , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Mrabet Moncef
Published: February 2025

Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) ranks as one of the world’s leading legume crops, valued for its protein-packed edible seeds and contribution to soil fertility. However, chickpea cultivation encounters various biotic stresses, particularly fungal diseases, significantly impacting its productivity. In this study, a collection of 178 fungi, belonging to six geographical locations, was isolated from root and aerial tissues showing signs of fungal infection. The pathogenicity tests revealed that 75% of these fungi exhibited varying degrees of pathogenicity, with very pathogenic fungi representing the largest fraction (39%). Among these, 20 highly pathogenic fungal isolates were identified, representing eight different morphological types. Using rDNA ITS-sequencing, we classified these isolates into three genera and five distinct species, including four newly identified pathogens of chickpea: Fusarium foetens, Fusarium boothii, Macrophomina pseudophaseolina, and Aspergillus alliaceus. Molecular characterization and morphological analysis highlighted the prevalence of the genus Fusarium and the species F. foetens across all investigated sites. These results provide key insights into chickpea fungal pathogens, aiding crop management.
Schrödinger equation in higher-dimensional curved space: a test for the existence of higher dimensions in the quantum realm
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib
Published: February 2025

By considering the possibility of higher dimensions for nonrelativistic quantum particles, we rederive the Schrödinger equation (SE) for such particles in a (d-1)-dimensional curved space embedded within a d-dimensional flat space. This approach generalizes de Costa’s formalism, which describes a nonrelativistic quantum particle confined to a two-dimensional curved surface embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The original d-dimensional SE is separated into two parts: a one-dimensional global SE, which includes a confining potential to ensure the particle’s wavefunction does not propagate into the extra dimension, and a (d-1)-dimensional local SE. The local equation reveals an induced geometric potential, a distinctive feature arising from the presence of higher dimensions. This provides a hypothetical framework for probing the existence of higher-dimensional spaces. We apply this formalism to curved spaces generated by massive central objects, such as black holes or stars, and specifically revisit the behavior of a quantum particle near the Ellis wormhole.
Research on the Comprehensive Evaluation System for Corporate Financial Condition Quality Based on Entropy Weight and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Ma Senlin , Wu Yukfan , Li Jing , Yang Cunliang , Luo Lijun
Published: February 2025

The assessment of a firm’s economic health is critical and is the cornerstone of sound corporate control and informed investment choices. This paper ambitions to cope with the restrictions of conventional monetary evaluation strategies, which frequently hostilities to seize the dynamic and complicated nature of economic statistics. Our modern approach combines the entropy weight approach with fuzzy common sense to provide a greater nuanced and complete assessment of corporate economic situations. The entropy weight method efficiently quantifies the significance of numerous monetary signs, accordingly decreasing the subjectivity usually encountered in conventional evaluations. however, its reliance on quantitative records can occasionally oversimplify complex monetary states. Fuzzy logic, on the other hand, lets in for a qualitative interpretation of economic indicators, supplying a greater rounded perspective. with the aid of integrating these two methodologies, our method leverages the entropy weight technique to envision the significance of every economic indicator, even as fuzzy logic gives a cultured assessment of these indicators. Experimental effects confirm the superiority of this hybrid method, showcasing its potential to yield greater accurate and robust evaluations of company monetary fitness as compared to traditional methods. This provides the field of economic evaluation with an advanced but practical analytical tool specifically designed to cope with the complexity of monetary facts and to provide insightful and actionable checks.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis for Mathematical Model of Acute Inflammatory Response with Time Delay
Authors: Xu Nuo , Chang Hui , Chen Yueli
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present an improved simplified mathematical model for the acute inflammatory response by incorporating two time delays: one for phagocyte migration and another for immune response activation. The model’s dynamic behavior is analyzed by studying the existence and local stability of equilibrium points, as well as the emergence of Hopf bifurcation at the positive equilibrium point. Results show that the two delays have the potential to destabilize the equilibrium point associated with septic death and induce oscillation of the two state variables through Hopf bifurcation. Additionally, the normal form of Hopf bifurcation at specific time delays is obtained by using the method of multiple scales. It is discovered that the amplitude of bifurcating periodic solution is sensitive to time delays. Ultimately, numerical simulations of various bifurcation diagrams and attraction basins suggest that proper selection of model parameters can steer the disease toward a healthy state. The correctness of the theoretical analysis is confirmed by using numerical solutions. Overall, this study not only enhances our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of acute inflammatory response, but also provides guidance for the clinical treatment of inflammatory response.
Hopf and Zero-Double Hopf Bifurcations of 5D Hyperjerk Oscillator Network System
Authors: Taha Rebaz Yaseen , Hussein Niazy Hady , Amen Azad Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider a five-dimensional dynamic hyperjerk system. This kind of system illustrates the use of chaos induction for lightweight picture encryption. Significant advances in internet and multimedia technologies have facilitated the seamless exchange and transmission of confidential information, particularly in the context of images. Here, the local bifurcation of the system is examined, with explicit conditions provided to determine when the zero and zero-double Hopf equilibrium points undergo changes in this particular type of system. Furthermore, the existence of periodic solutions that bifurcate from these types of equilibrium points for the five-dimensional network hyperjerk system is studied. Consequently, a periodic solution of the system is obtained, and its stability is classified. This periodic solution bifurcates from the zero-double Hopf bifurcation equilibrium point, and the first-order averaging method is employed to determine it. Furthermore, two periodic solutions are obtained, and their stability is classified for the system from the projection approach. Notably, these two periodic solutions could not be identified using the averaging method of the first order.
Fractal Dimension of Turing Instability in the Fractional Lengyel–Epstein Model
Authors: Yun Ana , Lee Dongsun
Published: February 2025

We investigate pattern formation driven by Turing instability in the Lengyel–Epstein model incorporating the fractional Laplacian operator. This approach simulates anomalous superdiffusion, where particle clouds spread more rapidly than predicted by the classical diffusion models. Such phase phenomena are often observed in viruses or biochemical substances that require unusually rapid diffusion. Our study allows for the estimation of superdiffusion effects in biochemistry or thermodynamics by analyzing temporal changes in fractional dimensions that exhibit abnormal patterns. Specifically, we employ the fractal dimension to quantify the complexity of these patterns using the box-counting method. Since this method is based on examining neighboring patterns, that is self-similarity, we observe that the formation of patterns varies with the bifurcations induced by Turing instability. Interestingly, despite these instabilities and variations, the fractal dimension stabilizes to a certain value once the patterns are formed. We also investigate how fractional diffusion affects the fractal dimension. Numerical experiments were performed with various initial conditions, including random values and circles centered with a fixed distance. The fractal dimension was calculated for Turing instability of the Lengyel–Epstein model, and is analyzed for both classical and fractional diffusion following a Lévy process. These tests revealed the formation of different patterns under the Turing instability by varying parameters, including a time variable [Formula: see text], and mass-conserving the chemical concentrations of the activator iodide [Formula: see text] and the inhibitor chlorite [Formula: see text]. Then, we analyzed these results in terms of the fractal dimension of the patterns. Furthermore, we analyze the consistency with the mesh refinement numerically and examine parameter sensitivity. Our numerical simulation of the fractional-Lengyel–Epstein model examined the relationship between the fractal dimension and the parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and the fractional order [Formula: see text], while holding the scaling parameter [Formula: see text] as a constant. In general, in regions of instability, higher values of parameter [Formula: see text] are associated with lower fractal dimensions, while higher values of the parameter [Formula: see text] lead to an increase in fractal dimension. In addition, as the fractional order [Formula: see text] increases, the fractal dimension tends to decrease. Although specific parameter values around the bifurcation point influence the fractal dimension, the overall evolutionary trend follows the aforementioned patterns.
Impacts of Predation-Driven Allee Effect and Refuge on the Dynamics of a Predator–Prey Model in a Parameter Plane
Authors: Kumbhakar Ruma , Jafari Sajad , Pal Nikhil
Published: February 2025

In population biology, prey species try to maintain a delicate balance between reproduction and safety. The prey species subject to the mate-finding Allee effect may face a tough choice: risking life for more certain mating opportunities or decreasing mating activity to evade predators in the hope that a longer lifespan will compensate the reduced mating opportunities. In this paper, we consider a discrete-time predator–prey model where the logistically growing prey species experiences the mate-finding Allee effect. We assume that as predator density increases, prey individuals become more vigilant, leading to a decrease in their mate searching activity. We also consider that a constant proportion of prey individuals seek refuge from their predators due to the fear of predation risk. Our numerical simulations reveal that refuge has a stabilizing effect on the population dynamics, while for a certain amount of prey refuge, a decrease in the searching efficiency of mating partners due to the fear of predation risk has a destabilizing effect. We vary the parameters related to the predation-driven Allee effect and refuge simultaneously to explore system dynamics in the parameter plane and observe various intricate and striking properties of the system dynamics. The most significant discovery of our study is the novel organization of Arnold tongues in quasiperiodic and chaotic regimes. The organization of Arnold tongues looks like a “wing of a flapping bird”. Furthermore, we observe bistability between coexisting periodic attractors and notice intriguing patterns in the basins of attraction of these attractors. Lastly, we analyze the effect of the parameters related to the predation-driven Allee effect and refuge on the equilibrium densities of both species and also explore the dynamics of the analogous continuous-time system in the parameter plane.
Spatial Dynamics in a Diffusive Ivlev-Type Predator–Prey Model with Quadratic Mortality
Authors: Xiao Jianglong , Song Yongli , Xia Yonghui , Zhang Tonghua
Published: February 2025

This paper studies the spatial dynamics in a diffusive model with Ivlev-type functional response and quadratic mortality. Turing instability, steady-state and Hopf bifurcations of the system are studied. The normal forms related to steady-state and Hopf bifurcation are detailedly deduced by employing the normal form theory. Numerical simulations are applied to further explain our analysis and intuitively exhibit where the periodic solutions and steady states arise.
The Impact of Social Supply Chain Innovation on Enterprise Sustainability Performance– The Role of Green Innovation Intermediaries
Authors: Song Lin
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of chemical enterprises has not only improved the material foundation of society, but also brought serious environmental and pollution problems. In order to provide decision-making basis for basic chemical enterprises to achieve green Supply Chain Management (SCM) and green innovation, the study proposes a hypothesis and conceptual model on the impact of green SCM on enterprise performance under the influence of green innovation. Measurement scales for each dimension are designed and a questionnaire survey is conducted. The reliability and validity of the sample data are examined in turn, the consistency of each dimension is determined through correlation analysis. Finally, a regression model is used to examine the correlation of the three variables. The results indicated that the cumulative total deviation variance explained by the dimensions of green supply chain innovation, business performance and green innovation in basic chemical enterprises were 80.101%, 77.425% and 74.526%, respectively. Green procurement had a significant negative impact on the performance of basic chemical enterprises. Green recycling and internal environmental management had a negative influence on enterprise performance. The research results contribute to promoting the sustainable development of chemical enterprises, providing new perspectives and methods for the practice of knowledge management, and offering guidance for chemical enterprises on how to better manage and apply knowledge, which is beneficial for the research and practice of knowledge management.
Reproductive organs of a Grylloidea fossil from the Cretaceous Araripe Basin, Brazil
Authors: Dias Jaime Joaquim , de Souza Carvalho Ismar , Souza-Dias Pedro G. B. , Zefa Edison , de Lima Barros Cecília , Prado Gustavo , Osés Gabriel Ladeira
Published: February 2025

The Crato Formation, an Early Cretaceous lacustrine
Lagerstätte
in Northeastern Brazil, is noteworthy for soft-tissue fossilization. This unit records an abundant and diverse palaeoentomofauna, which preserve external and internal elements, including organs and delicate tissues. Here, we report the oldest and only known fossilized insect ovary fragments, found in the laminated limestone of the Crato Formation, Araripe Basin. It is a female Baissogryllidae, an extinct lineage of true crickets (Grylloidea). Dissection of the extant cricket,
Endecous
(
Notendecous
)
onthophagus
(Berg, 1891), facilitated accurate morphological and morphometric comparisons, enhancing our interpretation of the fossil structures. Besides the ovaries, dozens of elliptical microelements, resembling fossilized "eggs," were found in the female abdomen. These structures are significantly smaller than the mature oocytes of
E
. (
N
.)
onthophagus
or even early-stage oocytes. It remains open whether these microelements represent immature baissogryllid oocytes or if Cretaceous cricket eggs were inherently smaller. Alternatively, this could be a preservation artefact. Taphonomic signatures suggest that this ancient Grylloidea lived close to a lacustrine environment, likely using lake margins for oviposition. Despite the open wings indicating death near the depositional environment, the straighter abdomen and ovipositor suggest that the cricket was not ovipositing at its time of death.
Security Approaches for Data Provenance in the Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Faraj Omair , Megias David , Garcia-Alfaro Joaquin
Published: February 2025

The Internet of Things (IoT) relies on resource-constrained devices deployed in unprotected environments. Given their constrained nature, IoT systems are vulnerable to security attacks. Data provenance, which tracks the origin and flow of data, provides a potential solution to guarantee data security, including trustworthiness, confidentiality, integrity, and availability in IoT systems. Different types of risks may be faced during data transmission in single-hop and multi-hop scenarios, particularly due to the interconnectivity of IoT systems, which introduces security and privacy concerns. Attackers can inject malicious data or manipulate data without notice, compromising data integrity and trustworthiness. Data provenance offers a way to record the origin, history, and handling of data to address these vulnerabilities. A systematic literature review of data provenance in IoT is presented, exploring existing techniques, practical implementations, security requirements, and performance metrics. Respective contributions and shortcomings are compared. A taxonomy related to the development of data provenance in IoT is proposed. Open issues are identified, and future research directions are presented, providing useful insights for the evolution of data provenance research in the context of the IoT.
Deep Learning-based Brain Age Prediction Using MRI to Identify Fetuses with Cerebral Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Yun Hyuk Jin , Lee Han-Jui , You Sungmin , Lee Joo Young , Aguirre-Chavez Jerjes , Vasung Lana , Lee Hyun Ju , Tarui Tomo , Feldman Henry A. , Grant P. Ellen , Im Kiho
Published: February 2025

“Just Accepted” papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content. Fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) and its severity and associated central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities are important indicators of high risk for impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. Recently, a novel fetal brain age prediction method using a 2D single-channel convolutional neural network (CNN) with multiplanar MRI slices showed the potential to detect fetuses with VM. The purpose of this study examines the diagnostic performance of deep learning-based fetal brain age prediction model to distinguish fetuses with VM ( n = 317) from typically developing fetuses ( n = 183), the severity of VM, and the presence of associated CNS abnormalities. The predicted age difference (PAD) was measured by subtracting predicted brain age from gestational age in fetuses with VM and typically development. PAD and absolute value of PAD (AAD) were compared between VM and typically developing fetuses. In addition, PAD and AAD were compared between subgroups by VM severity and the presence of associated CNS abnormalities in VM. Fetuses with VM showed significantly larger AAD than typically developing ( P < .001), and fetuses with severe VM showed larger AAD than those with moderate VM ( P = .004). Fetuses with VM and associated CNS abnormalities had significantly lower PAD than fetuses with isolated VM ( P = .005). These findings suggest that fetal brain age prediction using the 2D single-channel CNN method has the clinical ability to assist in identifying not only the enlargement of the ventricles but also the presence of associated CNS abnormalities. ©RSNA, 2025
Electrodeposition of Cu-Bi Alloys from a Non-Aqueous Solution for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Wu Minxian , zhang xianxian , xu yulan , cheng xinlei , wang wenchang , Mitsuzaki Naotoshi , min zhiyao , chen zhidong
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ERCO2) is one of the potential strategies for achieving carbon neutrality while producing carbon-based materials. Bi is a promising electrocatalyst for high-selectivity electrocatalytic production of formate. Electrochemical deposition is a facile method to prepare binder-free catalytic electrodes for CO2 reduction. In this work, Cu-Bi alloys were electrodeposited from ethylene glycol. The electrochemical behaviors of Cu(II) and Bi(III) in ethylene glycol were studied and the effects of deposition potential, electrolyte composition and deposition temperature on film composition and morphology have been investigated. The electrodeposited Cu1-xBix alloys were applied as the cathode for electrochemical reduction CO2. The results illustrate that an increase in Bi content enhanced the selectivity and formation rate of formic acid. As the atomic ratio of Cu : Bi was 0.66 : 0.34, the highest FEHCOOH of 98% was achieved at −0.9237 V vs. RHE, and the formation rate of formic acid reached 90.63 μmol h-1 cm-2.
Intraduodenal administration of Reg3g improves gut barrier function and mitigates hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Shin Jae Hoon , Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda , Shao Yiaki , Mercer Aaron J. , Lyons-Abbott Sally , Awan Rija Rahmat , Lewis Alfor , Seeley Randy J.
Published: February 2025

This study shows that intraduodenal administration of the gut peptide, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 g (Reg3g), reduces hepatic lipid accumulation, improves gut barrier function, and lowers systemic endotoxemia in mouse models of metabolic disorders. These findings elucidate the therapeutic benefits of Reg3g administration into the gut.
Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Revealed by DNA Methylation Clocks
Authors: Kurbanov Daniel B. , Ahangari Farida , Adams Taylor , De Man Ruben , Tang Jessica , Carlon Marianne , Abu Hussein Nebal , Cortesi Emmanuela , Zapata Marta , De Sadeleer Laurens , Wuyts Wim , Vanaudenaerde Bart , Kaminski Naftali , McDonough John E.
Published: February 2025

In this research, we delve into the association between epigenetic aging and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a debilitating lung disease that progresses over time. Utilizing the Illumina MethylationEPIC array, we assessed DNA methylation levels in donated human lung tissue from IPF patients, categorizing the disease into mild, moderate, and severe stages based on clinical assessments. We employed seven epigenetic clocks to determine age acceleration, which is the discrepancy between biological (epigenetic) and chronological age. Our findings revealed a notable acceleration of biological aging in IPF tissues compared to healthy controls, with four clocks—Horvath's, Hannum's, PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE—showing significant correlations. DunedinPACE, in particular, indicated a more rapid aging process in the more severe regions within the lungs of IPF cases. These results suggest that the biological aging process in IPF is expedited and closely tied to the severity of the disease. The study underscores the potential of DNA methylation as a biomarker for IPF, providing valuable insights into the underlying methylation patterns and the dynamics of epigenetic aging in affected lung tissue. This research supports the broader application of epigenetic clocks in clinical prognosis and highlights the critical role of biological age in the context of medical research and healthcare.
Choice anticipation as gated accumulation of sensory predictions
Authors: Caie Brandon , Endres Dominik , Khan Aarlenne Z. , Blohm Gunnar
Published: February 2025

Predictions are combined with sensory information when making choices. Accumulator models have conceptualized predictions as trial-by-trial updates to a baseline evidence level. These models have been successful in explaining the influence of choice history across-trials, however they do not account for how sensory information is transformed into choice evidence. Here, we derive a gated accumulator that models the onset of evidence accumulation as a combination of delayed sensory information and a prediction of sensory timing. To test how delays interact with predictions, we designed a free choice saccade task where participants directed eye movements to either of two targets that appeared with variable delays and asynchronies. Despite instructions not to anticipate, participants responded prior to target onset on some trials. We reasoned that anticipatory responses reflected a trade-off between inhibiting and facilitating the onset of evidence accumulation via a gating mechanism as target appearance became more likely. We then found that anticipatory responses were more likely following repeated choices, suggesting that the balance between anticipatory and sensory responses was driven by a prediction of sensory timing. By fitting the gated accumulator model to the data, we found that variance in within-trial fluctuations in baseline evidence best explained the joint increase of anticipatory responses and faster sensory-guided responses with longer delays. Thus, we conclude that a prediction of sensory timing is involved in balancing the costs of anticipation with lowering the amount of accumulated evidence required to trigger saccadic choice.