bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Öğrencilerin Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Yaz Stajı Dosyalarında Belirledikleri Hemşirelik Tanıları ve Girişimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞ Nurgül , IRMAK Burçin , BULUT Gülay , AYDIN ÖZDEMİR Dilek , BAYRAK Hasret Yasemin
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik ikinci sınıf öğrencilerinin cerrahi hastalıkları hemşireliği yaz stajı uygulamalarındaki hemşirelik tanıları ve girişimlerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapıldı.Yöntem: Retrospektif ve tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan araştırmanın evrenini Karadeniz bölgesinde bir devlet üniversitesinin Sağlık Yüksekokulu’nda Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği yaz stajını tamamlayan 108 öğrenci oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri Haziran-Eylül 2015 tarihleri arasında yaz stajı yapan öğrencilerin dosyalarından toplandı. Hemşirelik tanıları North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-I (NANDA-I) tanı listesine göre incelendi. Verilerin analizi bilgisayarda istatistik paket programı kullanılarak sıklık ve yüzdelik olarak yapıldı.Bulgular: Araştırmada incelenen toplam 108 yaz staj dosyasında 216 hemşirelik tanısı incelenmiş ve 29 farklı hemşirelik tanısı belirlenmiştir. Tanılara yönelik 786 hemşirelik uygulaması ve 48 farklı hemşirelik girişimi saptanmıştır. Staj süresince öğrencilerin en fazla belirledikleri beş hemşirelik tanısı akut ağrı (%25.9), enfeksiyon riski (%18.5), anksiyete (%9.7), uyku düzeninde bozulma (%5.6) ve kanama riskidir (%5.1). Hemşirelik tanılarına yönelik en fazla yapılan hemşirelik uygulamaları ise sırasıyla; hekim istemindeki analjezik ilaçların uygulanması (%7.4), hastaya bilgi verilmesi (%6.2), hastanın yaşamsal bulgularının takibi (%5.7), hastaya pozisyon verilmesi (%5.0) ve hastaya egzersiz yaptırılmasıdır (%4.8).Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda öğrenciler tarafından konulan hemşirelik tanılarının ve yapılan girişimlerin sınırlı olduğu saptandı. Bu doğrultuda eğitim müfredatında ve klinik uygulamada hemşirelik sürecine ilişkin vaka tartışmalarının artırılması önerilebilir.
The Educational Development of Autistic Students
Authors: Pedrosa Gabriel Frazao Silva
Published: April 2020

The demand for an egalitarian education is a recurring subject in the current educational scenario, especially with regard to the inclusion of students with special educational needs, also, the need for a mediator to promote the development of the student in its full educational process. The objective of this study is to describe the educational process of a student with autism spectrum disorder from the insertion of a mediator in this medium. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, a type of experience report. Regarding the pedagogical activities proposed in the classroom, its practice through the mediator contributed to the development of the student, from which the mediator can pay attention to the actions of the child. It is of paramount importance that educators, especially mediators, have a continuing and initial training plan regarding the expansion and acquisition of knowledge regarding the special educational needs of their students included in regular education.
LA JUSTICIA SOCIAL Y EL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Peruana de Derecho Internacional Sociedad
Published: April 2020

La cesión de soberanía es parte del compromiso internacional que tienen los estados paraestablecer las coordinaciones entre los países y la construcción del derecho internacional. La justiciasocial es un elemento que no puede ser soslayado en las relaciones entre el hombre y el Estado yque tienen un peso propio en las sociedades modernas y, ahora, en las relaciones internacionales.Ella promueve, en lo posible, la igualdad social y los valores sociales fundamentales basado en elbien común equilibrado y armónico. Por ello, es importante prestar atención a los derechos sociales,a las causales de su deterioro y al origen del descontento popular, enfatizando en que la democraciay el respeto a los derechos humanos son mecanismos indispensables para la convivencia humana.Numerosas son las manifestaciones sobre el concepto de justicia social expresada a travésde la historia de los pueblos, del derecho positivo, de las constituciones de los países y de algunasencíclicas papales.John Rawls y Amartya Sen son dos de los filósofos que han marcado con sus teorías sobrela justicia social una etapa importante en el pensamiento y en el estudio de su significado en elmundo actual. Presento algunos de los planteamientos del filósofo indio Sen, especialmente susenunciados más significativos en su obra “La idea de la Justicia”. De otro lado, Sen analiza, desdeuna perspectiva diferente, la idea de justicia social de Rawls y critica algunas de las ideas másrelevantes de su obra: “Teoría de la Justicia”.
Effectiveness of Combining Feedback about Lung Age or Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Levels with Very Brief Advice (VBA) and Support for Smoking Cessation in Primary Care Compared to Giving VBA and Support Alone â€“ Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial withi
Authors: Gjorgjievski Dragan , Ristovska Radmila , Stavrikj Katarina , Farley Amanda , Adab Peymane , Adams Rachel , Dickens Andy , Enocson Alexandra , Stanoevski Gjorgji , Gale Nicola , Jowett Sue , Rai Kiran , Sitch Alice , Stamenova Aleksandra , Krstevska Emilija , Jordan Rachel
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: In 2015, smoking prevalence in Republic of Macedonia was 36% in men and 21% in women We aim to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two methods of motivating smokers to quit smoking compared with very brief advice (VBA) alone. Ð¢o date, there are no studies investigating smoking cessation treatment in Republic of Macedonia.
METHODS/DESIGN: RCT with process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis within 31 general practices in Republic of Macedonia recruiting smokers currently smoking >10 cigarettes per day, aged >35 years, attending primary care practices for any reason, regardless of motivation to quit smoking. Respondents will be randomized into one of three groups: (1) VBA and assessment and communication of lung age; (2) VBA and additional assessment and communication of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels; or (3) control group â€“ VBA. All participants who attempt to quit smoking will be offered behavioral support based on the UK standard program for smoking cessation. Primary outcome: Proportion of smokers who are quit at 4 weeks (7-day point prevalence, confirmed by salivary cotinine level). Secondary outcomes: Proportion who have attempted to quit smoking or have quit smoking, a proportion that has reduced the number of cigarettes and motivation to quit smoking; cost-effectiveness analysis calculating cost per quality-adjusted life year. We will evaluate the fidelity to the intervention and will explore patientsâ€™ and GPsâ€™ experience and the acceptability of the study intervention by interview.
DISCUSSION: The study will evaluate the effectiveness of combining feedback about lung age or exhaled CO levels with VBA and support for smoking cessation in primary care compared to giving VBA and support alone. It will explore how willing primary care physicians are to perform such interventions and the acceptability and effectiveness of such interventions to patients in Republic of Macedonia.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered on the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN54228638).
Twenty-six additional new combinations in the Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) of China and Vietnam
Authors: Callaghan Christopher B. , Png Siak K.
Published: April 2020

In accordance with the previous reduction of the remaining genera of subfamily Magnolioideae (Magnoliaceae) into the genus Magnolia, twenty-six new nomenclatural combinations are formally made by transferring to Magnolia some additional Chinese and Vietnamese taxa from the segregate genera of Manglietia, Michelia and Yulania. The following nine new combinations are created from Manglietia, namely Magnolia admirabilis, M. albistaminea, M. guangnanica, M. jinggangshanensis, M. maguanica, M. pubipedunculata, M. pubipetala, M. rufisyncarpa and M. sinoconifera. Also, twelve new combinations are created from Michelia, namely Magnolia caloptila, M. caudata, M. fallax, M. gelida, M. hunanensis, M. maudiae var. rubicunda, M. multitepala, M. platypetala, M. rubriflora, M. septipetala, M. sonlaensis, M. xinningia. Finally, five new combinations are created from Yulania, namely Magnolia baotaina, M. pendula, M. pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia, M. puberula and M. urceolata.
Patterns of mortality during pandemic: An example of Spanish flu pandemic of 1918
Authors: Gavrilova Natalia S. , Gavrilov Leonid A.
Published: April 2020

Now the attention of the whole world is focused on the developing pandemic of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. This article discusses mortality patterns of the deadliest epidemic in the last 120 years – the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. Statistical sources from Italy and the USA, published shortly after the pandemic, were analyzed. The analysis was carried out for mortality from all causes, since in this case inaccuracies associated with establishing the causes of death are minimized. Despite the fact that the first cases of the Spanish flu appeared in the United States as early as March 1918, this first wave of epidemic practically did not affect the total mortality rate. The main peak of mortality in 1918 occurred in October 1918 both in the USA and Italy, with a gradual decrease in mortality over several months. Analysis of age-specific mortality demonstrates a significant increase in mortality at middle ages (20-50 years) in 1918 compared with 1917. Analysis of mortality trends using the method of latent variables shows a significant increase in the background mortality factor in 1918, which turned out to be higher for Italy than the mortality losses during the Second World War. The Spanish flu pandemic differs from the current coronavirus pandemic, because of significant increase in mortality of middle-aged people, while the COVID-19 pandemic causes a more marked increase in mortality among the elderly. With this, the COVID-19 pandemic is more like the recent flu epidemics than the earlier Spanish flu pandemic.
Exploring the Transitional Experience of First-Year Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Hughes Michelle , Kenmir Audrey , Innis Jennifer , O'Connell Janet , Henry Kayla
Published: April 2020

Background:

Nursing students encounter various adjustments during their first year of nursing school, including challenging coursework, competing demands, and clinical preparation. Limited research exists on first-year nursing students' experiences and the impact these experiences have on their success. This study examined nursing students' transitional experiences during their first year of university and identified support requirements needed. Meleis' Transition Theory was used to explore students' experiences.

Method:

A qualitative thematic analysis design was used. A convenience sample of first-year nursing students (
N
= 42) were recruited, and six semistructured focus groups were conducted.

Results:

The focus group discussions identified four themes: learning through others, confronting postsecondary demands, importance of relationships, and transition of self.

Conclusion:

The study findings highlighted students' transitional experiences regarding knowledge sources, relationships, and perceived supports that would promote a positive transition. The findings can assist faculty in enhancing interventions that support nursing students' success.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(5):263–268.]
Home Hospitals: Maximizing Nursing Student Clinical Placements
Authors: Rauch Lisa , Malloy Suzanne E.
Published: April 2020

Background:

A metropolitan-based baccalaureate nursing program (
N
= 350) faced multiple challenges regarding maximizing students' clinical time. The Home Hospital option allowed students' clinical rotations to remain at the same agency throughout the nursing program versus rotating to multiple sites.

Method:

A 3.5-year quality improvement study surveyed a convenience sample of students (
n
= 210) regarding benefits and limitations of the Home Hospital option including ease of on-boarding, appreciation by staff, opportunity to learn agencies' culture, and overall satisfaction. Data were extrapolated from an online program exit survey.

Results:

More than 90% of students stated they would repeat the experience and recommend the Home Hospital option to future students.

Conclusion:

Offering a Home Hospital option for student placements provided many benefits and a possible solution to deal with the complexities of maximizing clinical experiences. Academic partnerships should continue to evolve especially where there is a scarcity of placement options.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(5):269–273.]
Escape to Learn! An Innovative Approach to Engage Students in Learning
Authors: Garwood Janet
Published: April 2020

Background:

Research has demonstrated that the use of games such as escape rooms can promote engagement in student learning. Escape rooms also promote teamwork, encourage analytical thinking, and improve problem solving, all of which are vital skills for nursing students. Escape rooms have become a global phenomenon since being introduced in Japan in 2007.

Method:

This escape room was created as part of a learning activity in a mental health course. Puzzles were based on the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are required by nurses.

Results:

All of the students highly agreed (100%,
N
= 22) that the puzzles required teamwork, cooperation, critical thinking, and concentration.

Conclusion:

Escape rooms can reinforce essential learner competencies and serve as an effective method to engage students in active learning.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(5):278–282.]
Digital Innovation: Transition to Practice Using Apple Clips to Teach Nursing Leadership
Authors: Newton Rebecca H.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Nurse educators are challenged to offer high-impact learning opportunities integrating technology to engage the current generation of students. An innovative learning assignment was created using app technology to replace a traditional assignment in a nursing leadership course.

Method:

Students were assigned to create a digital video depicting a difficult situation in practice using the Clips app by Apple. The assignment used situation, background, assessment, and recommendation (SBAR) for structure and incorporated evidence-based practices. Students were surveyed to gain insight into the effectiveness and student satisfaction of the assignment.

Results:

Students overwhelmingly supported the assignment as an innovative way to learn leadership, identifying creativity and having fun while learning as something not experienced in their other nursing courses.

Conclusion:

A digital assignment offers an opportunity to imagine learning assignments in nursing education that capture student attention in a non-traditional method reflecting the impact of technology on nursing education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(5):283–286.]
Equilibrium coalitional behavior
Authors: Kimya Mert
Published: April 2020

I develop two related solution concepts—equilibrium coalitional behavior and credible equilibrium coalitional behavior—that capture foresight and impose the requirement that each coalition in a sequence of coalitional moves chooses optimally among all its available options. The model does not require, but may use, the apparatus of a dynamic process or a protocol that specifies the negotiation procedure underlying coalition formation. Therefore, it forms a bridge between the non‐cooperative and the cooperative approaches to foresight.
LINKING CONSTRUCTIVE AND ENERGY INNOVATIONS FOR A NET ZERO-ENERGY BUILDING
Authors: Pujadas-Gispert E. , Korevaar C.C. , Alsailani M. , Moonen S.P.G.
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION

This article explains the design, construction and energy strategies of LINQ, a netzero energy building that was successfully entered into the Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018 held in Dubai. Students of engineering, building physics, architecture and urban planning designed, built and operated LINQ. It is mainly powered by solar energy and made of bio-materials. Some of LINQ's innovations are the ventilated façade with customizable bio-based tiles, the indirect evaporative water cooling system, and the light building integrated photovoltaic-thermal system. LINQ sent more energy to the grid than it drew throughout the competition. However, energy production could have been improved according to simulations and technical specifications. LINQ is a good example of current and future building expectations—combining multiple criteria, strategies, and solutions—to contribute to environmental, social and economic sustainability.
MOHAWK COLLEGE'S NET ZERO ENERGY AND ZERO CARBON BUILDING—A LIVING LAB FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES IN BUILDINGS
Authors: Bhavsar Rutul , Cupido Anthony , Arriaga Mariano
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, large high efficiency and Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) are becoming a reality that are setting construction and energy benchmarks for the industry. As part of this significant effort, in 2018, Mohawk College opened the 8,981 m2 (96,670 ft2) Joyce Centre for Partnership and Innovation (JCPI) building in Hamilton, Ontario; becoming Canada's largest NZEB and zero-carbon institutional facility. The building integrated a high-efficiency design, construction materials, and technologies; as well as renewable energy technologies to significantly reduce its annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the JCPI building was also designed as a living lab where students, faculty, researchers and industry are able to monitor and validate the performance of this state-of-the-art facility. The building was designed to have an energy use intensity of 73 kWh/m2·year (0.26 GJ/m2·year); hence, potentially consuming approximately 80% less energy than the average educational service building in Ontario. This paper gives an overview of the design criteria and technologies that were considered to achieve this innovative building.
Apports de l’imagerie satellite pour le suivi de l’impact des événements cycloniques à Madagascar
Authors: Catry Thibault , Révillion Christophe , Mouquet Pascal , Pennober Gwenaëlle
Published: April 2020

Cette étude porte sur l’utilisation de l’imagerie satellite pour le suivi des cyclones et la caractérisation de leur impact. Deux événements récents sont étudiés à Madagascar : (i) Le cyclone Haruna, impactant la côte sud-ouest en février 2013, (ii) Le cyclone Enawo, touchant la côte nord-est en mars 2017. Le suivi de ces deux épisodes a montré la faisabilité de la mobilisation de l’imagerie satellitaire sur Madagascar pour une quantification des surfaces inondées associées aux cyclones. La combinaison des capteurs optiques et SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) à haute résolution temporelle et spatiale (HRS) abouti à : (i) un suivi en quasi temps réel d’Haruna par une surveillance des inondations pendant la crise et de la décrue en post-crise (ii) une cartographie des inondations en zone urbaine et dans les rizières de la région de Maroantsetra et Sambava, associées à Enawo, en combinant des images Sentinel-1 et 2, Pléiades et une démarche de cartographie participative.
Les temps de la catastrophe
Authors: Desarthe Jérémy
Published: April 2020

L'ouragan de septembre 1928 qui a frappé les Antilles et plus particulièrement la Guadeloupe constitue une des catastrophes naturelles les plus importantes qu'a connue ce territoire au cours du XXe siècle. L'exploitation des archives administratives disponibles rend possible l’analyse des conséquences de l'événement à travers les dommages inventoriés et les secours mis en œuvre. Ce faisant, il est possible d'appréhender les différentes temporalités de la catastrophe jusqu'en 1934.
Technology as a Pathway for Older People to Engage in Activities Promoting Successful Ageing
Authors: Teixeira-Santos Luísa , Bobrowicz-Campos Elzbieta , Ventura Filipa , Parola Vitor , Coelho Adriana , Almeida Maria de Lurdes Ferreira , Gil Isabel , Moreno-Casbas Maria Teresa , Apóstolo João
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on the use of technology on older adult health promotion. During the ageing process, they experience changes in physical, cognitive, psychological, and social domains. Frailty is the most problematic expression of ageing and entails a high risk of adverse outcomes. In order to prevent it, healthcare professionals must intervene on health promotion. However, it's impossible to continuously monitor the health status of thousands of people. Technologies can bridge the gap between older people's home and the hospital. Especially those with sensors, allow healthcare professionals to continuously monitor the older people's health status and evaluate the health parameters to prioritize care and alert to necessary behavioral changes. The seniors become more aware and responsible for their health, increasing their literacy, autonomy, and well-being. They become more engaged in activities that promote successful ageing. In this chapter, the authors address one of many research projects that monitor the health parameters of older people in a community setting through wearable sensors.
Value Proposition of Network Companies Providing Restaurant Services in Russia
Authors: Fainshtein Elizaveta , Serova Elena
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the chapter is to recognize how customers perceive the value proposition content of network companies providing restaurant services. This is theoretical and empirical research in equal measure. The chapter presents the results of the restaurants value proposition study in Saint Petersburg (Russia) according to industry data and identifies the target audience key needs and industry characteristics in the market, semantic core formation, and clustering in order to identify the main criteria affecting the value proposition formation. The study was conducted among 16 chain restaurant holdings located in St. Petersburg, using statistical data based on the marketing statistical tool Google KeyWord Planner analytic database. The results made it possible to highlight key criteria of the value proposition by which consumers make their choice. This approach will allow standardizing decision-making systems on the possibility of identifying the innovative potential of the company's transition to a qualitatively new level of service and use of production resources.
Information Sharing for Manufacturing Supply Chain Management Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: May 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology-based information system (IS) can be used to improve tracking of goods and services in offering and build a collaborative operating environment among the business-partners of the manufacturing industry. In this process IS architecture plays an important role in storing, processing, and distributing data. Despite contributing to the rapid development of IoT applications, the current IoT-centric architecture has led to a myriad of isolated data silos that hinder the full potential of holistic data-driven decision-support applications with the IoT because of technical issues (e.g., standalone IoT applications suffer from security and privacy-related problems). This chapter presents a proof of concept of a hybrid enterprise information system architecture, which consists of IoT-based applications and a blockchain-oriented distributed-ledger system to support-transaction services within a multiparty global manufacturing (e.g., textile and clothing business) network.
The Role of Co-Innovation Platform and E-Collaboration ICTs in Facilitating Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Osmani Mohamad Wali , El Haddadeh Ramzi , Hindi Nitham , Weerakkody Vishanth
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to stimulate and support women to engage in action-oriented entrepreneurial activities such as practical training, international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and shared learning to foster entrepreneurship. To achieve the aim, this study proposes a structured program of training and mentoring that will combine multiple-methods and ICT tools to facilitate the process of joint-innovation and start-up between international female entrepreneurs. To do so, it recommends the following stages: engaging with stakeholders and developing contextual awareness; developing an entrepreneurship training framework; training and capacity building of female entrepreneurs; adapting, implementing and pilot-testing a co-innovation platform; and facilitation of international collaboration, venture capital and start-ups.
The Morphology of Carbide and Nitride Coatings on Steels after Laser Irradiation
Authors: Brover Andrey V. , Brover Galina I.
Published: May 2020

The results of experimental studies of the structure and properties of steels and alloys subjected to laser chemical-heat treatment of carbide and nitride coatings created by electro-spark alloying and ion-plasma sputtering are achieved. It is shown that laser processing of coatings allows to change purposefully the structural state and set properties of the surface layers of the product, and, therefore, modify the basic characteristics of process operation and control the most important output parameters – wear products, and the quality of the surface layers of the irradiated parts. It is established that a rational choice of chemical composition and method of applying coatings on the surface of metal products of various functionalities helps to improve the quality of the surface layers, to increase the hardness of the irradiated working areas by 30-50%, wear resistance-2-3 times, as compared to volumetric-hardened steels.
Features of Laser Treatment of Corrosion-Resistant Steels of Austenitic and Carbide Classes
Authors: Tarasova Tatiana Vasilievna , Belashova I.S. , Kuzmin S.D. , Egorov S.A.
Published: May 2020

In this paper effect of a fiber laser on the microstructure and properties of steels 95X18 and 12X18H10T is shown. The regularities of changes in the structure of a laser-treated surface by X-ray diffraction and X-ray microscopic analyzes were studied. The high efficiency of laser heat treatment of steel 95X18 with the subsequent tempering, to improve the tribological properties of the surface layers has been established. For steel 12X18H10T laser shock hardening method (405 HV) is recognized to be effective.
ESP Data Analytics: Use of Deep Autoencoders for Intelligent Surveillance of Electric Submersible Pumps
Authors: Alamu Olabode Afolabi , Pandya Deval A. , Warner Oscar , Debacker Igor
Published: April 2020

Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) account for over 60% of artificial lift methods used globally and contribute significantly to the CAPEX and OPEX of a project. They tend to be the least reliable component in the system with an average life-span of 2 years. This paper demonstrates how artificial intelligence was used to unlock insights from sensor data around an ESP to understand the operating conditions which lead to a trip and failure of these systems.

Autoencoders were used for the detection of anomalous behavior in an ESP and the determination of the root cause of an anomalous event. Autoencoders are neural networks trained to reconstruct input data. They have an encoding and decoding section, the encoder compresses the input vector, while the decoder reconstructs the original input from the compressed vector. This process allows the network to understand the patterns in a dataset. We trained the network on stable operating data from a 2-years historical data dump of 97 sensors. This allowed the model to understand the patterns of stability in an ESP.

The autoencoder was developed using the Python programming language along with the Keras deep learning framework. It had 7 layers with the exponential linear unit as the activation function for training. During reconstruction, the autoencoder never produces a perfect reconstruction of input data, it, however, performs a good reconstruction on data similar to what it was trained on. In our case, the model reconstructs stable data well and struggles with unstable data. The reconstruction error is used to distinguish a normal event from an anomalous event because it increases prior to an event and reduces as the system returns to stability. During the historical time period, the ESP experienced 5 major trips, three of them were due to gas locks while the other two were due to electrical issues. The model was able to detect the gas locks on average 5 hrs in advance and electrical issues several days in advance before the actual events. The top ten sensors responsible for each event were determined based on the relative magnitude of the individual sensor reconstruction errors, the validity of this output was confirmed by the Subject Matter Expert.

Autoencoders can make non-linear correlation between features in a dataset and have been used for anomaly detection in images and other fields, this paper demonstrates their usefulness in intelligent surveillance of ESPs. This solution is currently used for near real-time intelligent surveillance of ESPs with the ability to send out email notifications whenever any sensor strays away from stability.
Johan Sverdrup: The Digital Flagship
Authors: Larsen Paal Frode , Tønnessen Tor , Schuchert Florian , Khamassi Ahmed , Jarraya Haithem , Aarrestad Henriette Dorthea , Imsland Vegard , Lossius Vibeke
Published: April 2020

The sheer size of the 2.7-billion-barrel field and expected operations of more than 50 years, make Johan Sverdrup an exciting place to develop the solutions of the future. As such, the Johan Sverdrup field development has been called the digital flagship for the operator. Being a ‘flagship’ means Johan Sverdrup is not only meant to be a vehicle for digital innovation to improve safety, value-creation and carbon efficiency for the field itself, but the field development is also meant to drive digital solutions and ways of working that have the potential to be scaled-up for the benefit of the operator as a whole.

This paper starts by setting out the main digital focus areas for the Johan Sverdrup development, but drills down on exploring the areas where Johan Sverdrup is demonstrating real and tangible impacts already today. Examples include efforts to mature technology for automatic production optimization, a number of new pipe and seabed technology solutions (including fiber-optic PRM, fiber-optic monitoring of wells), and the step-wise development of a digital twin for Johan Sverdrup that will gives the opportunity to model and visualize key parts of the field.

The paper describes the ‘digital field-worker’ at Johan Sverdrup which is changing the way of working, both during the construction and completion phase, but also during operations. This ranges from efforts to automate and digitalize work processes offshore to more innovative solutions. Examples of the latter include Echo – a multi-player digital twin solution allowing real-time visualization and collaboration between onshore and offshore – as well as the iterative development of anomaly detection models (utilizing machine learning and artificial intelligence) to move from condition-based monitoring towards predictive maintenance.
HPHT Subsea Production Tree – A Unique Approach to 20KSI 350F In-The-Wellhead Completions
Authors: Morse Justin Edward , Tse Kearn Che , Wilson Stuart - , Mayer Christopher Campbell , Kaculi Jim T.
Published: April 2020

Demand for subsea production equipment capable of withstanding high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) operating conditions is increasing as the subsea industry progresses into new frontiers. Various subsea Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are striving to develop and qualify economically viable subsea trees (XTs) to meet this demand and the industry is beginning to see some of the first subsea HPHT greenfield developments move forward. This demonstrates that the economics of these projects are starting to meet investment thresholds. However, there remains ample opportunity for new designs and system configurations to increase operating profits and reduce the economic risk for operators drilling and completing these HPHT subsea wells.

This paper presents one approach to 20 ksi HPHT subsea developments which delivers on both objectives. The unique manner of accomplishing lower costs and reducing risk involves a system capable of 20 ksi completion in the wellhead (WH), thus eliminating the tubing head (THD). This system is currently under development and qualification per API 6A, 17D, and TR8 requirements. This paper provides an overview of the system configuration, a description of the ongoing verification, validation, I3P and regulatory review process, and a state-of-the-art HPHT R&D Centre where this effort is being undertaken.
BC10 New Oil Enabled by Deployment of New Technologies
Authors: Tonin Bruno , Labes Alan , Wang Wensen , Pereira Leury , Duarte Carlos , Vianna Gustavo , Zylberman Michael
Published: April 2020

The BC10 block encompasses multiple deepwater fields offshore Brazil and is tied-back to the FPSO ´Espirito Santo´. Since achieving first oil in 2009, the production was expanded through the Phase 2 and Phase 3 subsea tie-backs, having by early 2019 a total of 29 wells connected to the system. BC10 is a joint venture among Shell (operator), ONGC and Qatar Petroleum.

As part of the strategy of "filling the hub", the development team matured infill well opportunities, which materialized in New Oil throughout 2019. The delivery of this additional production was enabled by the deployment of various new technologies, which supported the accelerated schedule and low-cost mindset of the project. Most notable is the deployment of the Compact Manifold and jumpers with flexible lines integrated to the horizontal connectors.

In parallel to new wells, the Subsea team worked on a system debottlenecking that enabled the production of additional 2,000 bpd by routing selected fields to dedicated subsea pumps, instead of commingling low- and high-pressure systems into same inlet pressure pumps. This was enabled by installation of an electrical actuator that automated control of a formally manual valve at low CAPEX.

Looking forward, the BC10 Infills Project team is planning for Q1 2020 the installation of the next-generation of Xmas Trees. This Xmas Tree is significantly lighter and cheaper than the previous company standards Enhanced Vertical Deepwater Tree(EVDT). It required significant qualification effort from R&D to ensure all new components delivered as part of this new generation of XT are reliable and satisfy the systems functional requirements. The qualification is completed, it has been confirmed that the well OS2 will carry the first new technology Xmas Tree in 2020.
Subsea Field Development Schemes Integrating Subsea Chemical Storage and Injection Systems: Benefits and Challenges for Long Tiebacks
Authors: Di Felice Annalisa , Filippi Alessandro , Arcangeletti Giorgio , Aloigi Elvira , D’Amico Amerigo , Radicioni Alessandro
Published: April 2020

Chemical injection in subsea fields is a consolidated practice to solve or prevent flow assurance issues that may occur linked to hydraulic, thermal and operability requirements, especially in transient conditions.

The traditional approach adopted to supply chemicals to a subsea tieback is to position the chemical injection system, including pumps and storage, on the platform/FPSO, transporting the chemicals subsea through the umbilical or the chemical lines in case of high flow rates, and performing chemical distribution subsea up to the injection points.

In the development of a long subsea tieback, costs for the umbilical system tend to increase based on its length and complexity. Moreover, pressure drops and control of chemical delivery pressures and flowrates through such a long umbilical can be extremely challenging, together with the risk of umbilical line blockages and their related issues.

The design resolution to enlarge the diameter of the chemical conduits in umbilicals leads to an increase in unit weights and, combined with the umbilical length, additional costs and packing and installation challenges.

These factors drive the need to review the conventional chemical injection system architecture and to make the development of a long tieback sustainable from the point of view of cost and technology.

To overcome these major criticalities, the chemical injection system can be placed subsea, possibly close to the injection points.

Recently, Saipem has mapped the typical chemical demand for a representative size oil fields, with the main aim of defining a subsea chemical injection system architecture and its related main components.

The main result of this exercise is the definition of a configurable architecture for subsea chemical storage, injection and refilling facilities to be located close to the subsea users, based on operating consideration suitable for offshore and deepwater scenarios.

A "building block" approach is followed together with a certain degree of equipment standardization, where possible, allowing for a flexible system that can be adapted and tailored to the specific field. Technology development status has been also considered and specific Saipem technologies, currently under qualification or being patented, have been considered and integrated in the concept.
Best Practices for Using Coiled Tubing to Assist Plug-And-Perf Multistage Fracturing Operations in HP/HT Wells
Authors: Singh Ishaan , Saraf Aman , Pathak Akash Ramesh , Bandyopadhyay Bholanath , Dehingia Madhurjya , Wijoseno Danny Aryo , Shaik Moulali , Rao Dasari Papa
Published: April 2020

The plug-and-perf (PnP) method is widely used globally for multistage fracturing operations. With only a few jobs performed worldwide, coiled tubing (CT) assisted PnP operations in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells are largely uncharted and most challenging. The "A" field in India has HP/HT formations, with bottomhole temperature (BHT) of 310°F and reservoir pressure of 9,000 psi. Whereas the PnP method is widely used globally, there are few examples in wells with completion restrictions or whose downhole conditions dramatically increase depth inaccuracies and equipment damage. This study describes how to address challenges such as depth correlation (which affects plug-setting depth accuracy), low injectivity, completion restrictions, and heavy brines (which damage CT). To gain further understanding of operations, simulations are sensitized to identify solutions for pumping rates, HP/HT conditions, well kill fluid, milling, and cleanouts where obstructions hindered BHA penetration.

The proposed best practices presented here are for primary CT operations involved in the complete PnP cycle, such as wellbore displacement, well dummy run-drift, setting the isolation plug and milling, acidizing using jetting tools, sand cleanout using gels having best performance in HP/HT environment and motor-mill runs with durable resistance in harsh environment, well kill (using 13.65-ppg calcium bromide), and nitrogen lift. The featured case studies describe operations including seven bridge plugs being set at accurate depths and milled after fracturing; cleanout of a 340-m sand column is also featured, as well as well kills with heavy brines. Optimized operational parameters such as CT speed, pumping rates, and the use of smaller outer diameter bottomhole assemblies doubled operational efficiency during those operations.
Discovering Connectivity Between Different Sand Units in a Field With Multi Stacked Reservoirs After Nearly Two Decades of Production – A Case Study
Authors: Jamaludin Izzuddin , Basri A Hakim , Mohd Nor Saiful Azam , Arsanti Dian , Dzulkifli Izyan Nadirah , Mohd Azkah Mohd Zubair
Published: April 2020

Field A is located offshore of Peninsular Malaysia, consists of multi stacked reservoirs where previously the vertical communication between different units was considered to be well understood. Separate reservoir models were built independently where fair to good history matching were achieved during the dynamic modelling study. Subsequently two drilling campaigns were executed based on the simulation results. On top of that, regular reservoir surveillance and frequent simulation model updates have assisted in assessing vertical connectivity.

North of Field A, a recent drilling campaign in early 2019 indicated possible communication between infill wells in Unit 35U and water injectors in Unit 35L. One of the well is experiencing severe watercut production than initially forecasted. It is well understood that the seismic amplitude for Unit 35L is being overlapped by the stronger response of Unit 35U in the northern area. Due to that, the reservoir modelling and understanding for Unit 35L in this region is mainly driven by actual well controls and the geological model, rather than from seismic.

Meanwhile in the Southern area, a stable reservoir pressure trend is observed in Unit 27 despite reduction of cumulative voidage replacement ratio (VRR) from 0.6 to 0.4. Additionally well C02ST1 was producing oil at an increasing rate, a trend which the current reservoir model failed to match. The model also failed to explain the unreasonably high recovery factor (RF) of 50% for Unit 27 given the delayed water injection and small gas cap support.

Back to the North, well interference testing was conducted by shutting in water injectors in Unit 35L and observing the pressure response of a new well in Unit 35U using a permanent downhole gauge (PDG). Observations indicated a decrease in pressure response once injection was turned off, confirming the communication between the two units. Moving forward, two injectors for Unit 35L will be temporarily suspended to relax the watercut trend in the new wells, thus improving the oil rate.

In the South, a material balance study and reservoir 3D model suggest additional volume needs to be introduced for Unit 27, which indicates that it is probably draining Unit 35U oil due to a higher level of vertical communication and overlapping sand bodies between both units. This is also supported by produced water salinity readings of well C02ST1 (Unit 27) having similar values as Unit 35U wells rather than other Unit 27 wells.

Communication between different layers often requires longer time and a significant amount of production to be well established and observed. This case study proves that reservoir understanding can still be a mystery even when the field is reaching 20 years of production.
A Carbon Footprint Evaluation Method for Offshore Floating Wind Installations
Authors: Istad Tonje , Kopsov Igor , Bernardini Valeria
Published: April 2020

Carbon footprint is becoming increasingly important on the business agenda. For a floating wind project dedicated to providing clean energy, an engineering study was performed to present a case and gain additional knowledge on how to develop a green execution model related to the wind turbine substructure and mooring system.

Emission calculations, sensitivity analysis, sourcing strategy development, material usage and transportation assessment were used to quantify the environmental benefits and carbon reduction of the various combinations and scenarios. The carbon footprint calculations and project execution method presented in this paper can be a reference for sustainable practices in future floating or conventional wind energy projects.

The study showed that floating concrete substructure carbon footprint may be considered lower than a floating steel substructure. The mooring system, which is the same for both types of substructures, accounted for a significant portion of the carbon emissions.

Logistics accounts for a large share of emissions: How and where goods are procured and transported are as important as the material selected. Locally fabricated items made from greener certified materials are preferred. Use of environmentally friendly concrete in substructure fabrication and suction anchors in glass reinforced plastic (GRP) are two typical examples of more sustainable approaches.

Floating wind in combination with a green project execution model is a relatively new concept. Performance of the study showed that internal communication and promotion of carbon footprint awareness are essential for the project team's success. Emissions may deviate from what is initially anticipated. Moreover, it is vital to apply a green execution model to the establishment of cross-company communication and a focused task force. To ensure engagement from team members and reduce bureaucracy, positive reporting of carbon reduction considerations during project execution is recommended. This emphasizes the psychology of a team buy-in based on positive experiences and rewards for considering climate considerations.
State of Technology: Cleaning and Coating UAV Systems - Industrial Spray Painting Drones
Authors: Dahlstrom Robert L.
Published: April 2020

Cleaning, applying and testing coatings on corrosion-susceptible surfaces, such as those in Oil & Gas and extreme environments such as offshore Oil & Gas assets, currently requires extensive manual labor. Further, cleaning, coating and measuring coatings at height can create a dangerous occupational environment. Drones, also known as unmanned aerial systems (UAS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV) can be leveraged to perform some of these tasks, including cleaning, coating, and inspection while keeping workers safely on the ground. Of note are some current aerial robotic inspection platforms in the market that make physical contact with structures for nondestructive testing (NDT) in addition to visual inspection.

Drone capabilities have significantly evolved over the past decade, and it is expected that the ubiquity of such systems will continue to increase in the years to come. While no coating or cleaning drone is commercially available at the time of this publication, one company has an existing prototype currently under development as part of a Joint Development Agreement with a large international coatings manufacturer for industrial application that is expected to be tested in industrial environments this year. This prototype is a custom-manufactured drone with a tether to the aircraft from the ground that delivers power and cleaning or coating material. An on-board computer manages flight navigation along with intelligent spraying. While the utilization of this new technology faces many challenges, it is important to recognize the potential and projected growth in use of such systems. An introduction to the current state of coating and cleaning drones will be discussed, along with limitations and benefits the system can provide to the coatings and corrosion control in the Oil & Gas industry.