bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Acoustic Radiation Characteristic for Cylindrical Structure with Elastic Plate Cap in Mid-Frequency Region
Authors: Jiao Ren Qiang , Zhang Jianrun , Lu Dong
Published: July 2015

An advanced method named hybrid FE-SEA method was introduced to study the acoustic radiation characteristic for cylindrical structure with elastic plate cap in medium-frequency region. This method consists of the finite element method (FEM) for low-frequency region and the statistical energy analysis (SEA) for high-frequency region, which can be employed to deal with the problem of acoustic radiation result from model coupling of elastic connection effectively. According to the FE-SEA theory, a hybrid model of cylindrical structure with elastic plate cap was built to validated whether the hybrid method was feasible to calculate the acoustic radiation in the medium-frequency region. Moreover, the acoustic radiation characteristic of such model under the single point force excitation was studied. The result of numerical calculation agreed well with that of experiment, which validated the accuracy and validity of the hybrid FE-SEA method in solving the medium-frequency acoustic radiation of the cylindrical structure with elastic plate cap.
Testing and Improvement of Static Performance of Proximity Sensor for a Mobile Robot
Authors: Tsung Tsing Tshih , Hoai Nguyen , Tang Thi Khanh Vy
Published: July 2015

In recent years, mobile robot is one of the most interesting topics attracting scientists and factories. With breakthrough techniques in sensor, we can control a mobile robot more reliably. Besides, measuring at static state of the inductive proximity sensor is also necessary since the detective and navigation systems perform more accurately by information from the experiment by analyzing the signal. The purpose of this paper, the hand-made measurement system is used to verify the static performance with the type of aluminium and analyse the relationship between the output signal and the position of the sensor. All we know that the relationship of the static parameters can be determined such as: sensing distance, dimension of material, thickness of material, and so on. The measured data have shown the output signal of proximity sensor in the model and theory which is not identical. The results will provide some information about the different effects of position sensor and optimum operating range of a mobile robot. In addition, by comparing the results achieved, giving solutions to enhance the static performance of the proximity sensor for a mobile robot, such as: choosing of material thickness ranges which is suitable for the operation of a mobile robot, setting the proper sensing distance to be the most stable. This research aims to provide a secure and accurate signal for the control of mobile robots.
The Data Combining Method and the Forming Control Algorithm from the 3D Scanning Machine and Processing in the SLS Machine
Authors: Phan Lam , Nguyen Thanh Nam
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the data structure combining from 3D laser scanners direction, for processing rapid prototyping by SLS machine. Formed data will have special structure for combining with the rapid prototyping machine and processing will be more directly and easily. Control algorithm automatically identifies the images from the scanning data.
The Point-Array Coupling Algorithm in 3D Scanning Machine by Laser Ray
Authors: Phan Huynh Lam , Nguyen Thanh Nam , Pham Van Duy
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the “Data arrays of the scanning sides coupling by laser” algorithm. This algorithm will find down the duplicate arrays by minima squaring method and couple the arrays. The coupling method will make the 3D scanning machine is more flexible and exactly.
Influences of MOS Device Characteristic under Different Oxygen-Dose Participations in the Silicon Substrate
Authors: Chen Shen Li , Lee Tsung Shiung , Huang Yu Ting
Published: July 2015

A silicon substrate is the starting point of producing the semiconductor component, so that the quality of semiconductor substrate is very important during the VLSI fabrication. In this paper, we will evaluate the influence of MOS device characteristics under different oxygen impurities in silicon substrates. In the course of silicon substrate pulling process by Czochralski method, the defect and impurity will be existed; the oxygen atom will be induced substrate dislocations and affected the substrate quality. In this work, different oxygen doses will be used in wafer to study the impacts on MOS CV curve characteristic, interface trap charge characteristic, ID-VDS curve, ID-VGS curve, and threshold voltage behaviors of MOS devices.
Production Processes and Characteristics of Porous Alumina with Air Bubbles Introduced into Slurry
Authors: Ikuta Akihiko , Kyogoku Hideki , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: July 2015

In this study, production processes for porous alumina, and the characteristics of the material, were investigated. Porous alumina was produced by a wet-shaping process in which air bubbles were introduced into the slurry. The feature of this production process is that many pores are produced by slip casting carried out using whipped slurry, where only the conditions of the slurry are adjusted. The advantage of this process is its simplicity. From the results, it is made clear that a green compact of porous alumina can be produced by changing the amount of solvent and binder, and also that a sintered compact of porous alumina can be produced by a low sintering temperature, such as 1473 K. The four point bending strength of porous alumina is about 515 MPa when the porosity is about 30 %. The excellent characteristics of the sintered compact of porous alumina are shown by the observation results of the fracture surface in this production process. The dense alumina body is sintered while maintaining the fine grains, and with the micro pores remaining in the grain boundary.
Calibración y simulación de un sistema regulado de suministro de agua a través de técnicas de Monte Carlo
Authors: Lacasta Soto Asier , Morales-Hernández M. , Tejero-Juste M. , Burguete J. , Brufau P. , García-Navarro P.
Published: July 2015

El flujo en canales se caracteriza por cubrir largas distancias y obedecer a patrones temporales variables. Suele estar regulado por elementos hidráulicos, como compuertas laterales, para asegurar un correcto abastecimiento de agua. La dinámica de este flujo viene gobernada por un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales en derivadas parciales llamado de aguas poco profundas. Junto a ellas es necesario establecer una formulación simplificada del funcionamiento de las compuertas. El conjunto forma un sistema no lineal que sólo se puede resolver numéricamente. Aquí se propone un esquema descentrado explícito de volúmenes finitos con el fin de resolver todo tipo de regímenes. La modelización de las estructuras hidráulicas (compuertas laterales) introduce parámetros con incertidumbre. Por ello, serán calibradas mediante el algoritmo de Monte Carlo, obteniendo como resultado unos coeficientes asociados a cada una de ellas. Posteriormente serán verificadas utilizando casos reales proporcionados por el equipo de monitorización del canal de Pina de Ebro (Zaragoza).
Means And Ends In City Of Arlington v. FCC: Ignoring The Lawyer's Craft to Reshape the Scope of Chevron Deference
Authors: Healy Michael P.
Published: July 2015

In last year’s term, the United States Supreme Court considered the question of the scope of Chevron deference in City of Arlington v. FCC. This article discusses how the decision is an example of the work of an activist Court. The case should have been resolved by a straight forward determination under the analysis of United States v. Mead that Chevron deference simply did not apply to the Federal Communications Commission’s (“FCC”) legal determination. The Court ignored this restrained approach to the case and instead addressed the question the Justices desired to decide: the reach of Chevron deference. The article discusses and criticizes the approach of Justice Scalia writing for the majority and of Chief Justice Roberts writing for three dissenting Justices.Practitioners and scholars of administrative law can only be confused by the Court’s willingness to apply Chevron in City of Arlington, given the informal administrative action being reviewed and the fact that neither reviewing court actually applied each of the two parts of the Mead test. The Court’s flawed administrative law analysis results from the activist concerns of Justice Scalia and Chief Justice Roberts. Justice Scalia uses the case as a vehicle to undermine Mead, a decision that Justice Scalia loathes. Chief Justice Roberts uses the case as a vehicle to advocate for less judicial deference and less law defining power for increasingly powerful agencies. Neither member of the Court allowed the applicable rules of contemporary administrative law to hinder his efforts to achieve his broader goals. Administrative law would have been better served if a properly restrained Court had considered and applied the previously determined rules for judicial review of administrative agencies.
Current and future estimates for the fire frequency and the fire rotation period in the main woodland types of peninsular Spain: a case-study approach
Authors: Vázquez Antonio , Climent José M. , Casais Luis , Quintana José R.
Published: July 2015

Aim of study. Fire regimes are frequently dynamic and change as a function of the interactions between the three main fire drivers: fuels, ignitions and climatic conditions. We characterized the recent period (1974-2005) and performed estimates for the future fire regimeArea of study. We have considered five pine and another four woodland types by means of the analyses of 100 reference areas in peninsular Spain.Material and methods. The estimates of the expected alterations in fire frequency and the fire rotation period were based on models previously developed for the climatic scenarios SRES A2 and B2.Main results. The results point to the large variability in fire frequency and rotation periods between the woodland types as defined, and also among the reference areas delimited for each of them. Fire frequencies will increase for all woodland types while very relevant shortenings of the fire rotation periods are expected. For the 32 yr period analysed, rotation periods longer than 500 yr were obtained in 54% of the reference areas while this percentage would decrease to 31% in the B2 and to 29% in the A2 climatic scenario. In the most affected woodland type, P. pinaster, from a median rotation period of 83 yr it would decrease to 26 yr in the B2 and to 20 yr in the A2 climatic scenario.Research highlights. We conclude that the predicted increases in fire activity will have adverse effects on some of the main Spanish woodland types due to the expected future disruptions in the fire regime.  Keywords: Forest fires; fire regime; fire frequency; fire rotation period; climatic change.Abbreviations used: SRES: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios; IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; RA: Reference Areas.
Land cover and land use changes of native forests categories: the case of the Atencio District, Argentina, in the period from 1984 to 2013
Authors: Sabattini Julian Alberto
Published: July 2015

Aim of study: The aim of this work was to assess land use and land cover change in Distrito Atencio, near Feliciano, in the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, from 1984 to 2013 and to make a projection of possible changes in the native forests of Espinal Phytogeographic Region.Area of study: Espinal Ecorregion, Atencio (Argentina)Material and Methods:  Ten LANDSAT 5-TM and LANDSAT 8-OLI satellite images were used and two classes were distinguished by vectorization: NF-Native Forests and OL-Other Lands. Besides, four categories were defined by supervised classification:  CNF-Closed Native Forest, ONF-Open Native Forest, RF-Riverside Forest with Shrub Jungle, and ONG-Open Native Grassland or Savanna. Main results: It was estimated NF as being 76,619 ha and 59,994 ha for years 1984 and 2013 respectively, which represented a 21.69% reduction over a period of 30 years. In 1984, 32.93% of the district surface was occupied by CNF; the same proportion was covered by ONF; and ONG followed with 16.361 ha (20.66%). In 2013, contrarily, CNF was reduced by 13.67%. Land use change was noted to be directed towards the central eastern region. By 2015, OL are expected to keep 88% of their surface, while ONG areas might suffer a 28.80% and 41.25% reduction for years 2025 and 2050 respectively.Research highlights: District’s areas with higher incidence on changes due to ecosystem fragmentation processes were identified. It is hoped that this study may contribute to settling native forests protection and recovery areas.Keywords: land change; land cover; Landsat; remote sensing; Espinal Region; spatial trend.
Nonlinear Relationship between the Radii of Droplets and the Contact Angle of Wetting
Authors: Wang Xiao-Song , Fan Xiao-Bin , Hu Aijun
Published: July 2015

Wetting abilities are important in many industrial applications, for instance, the wetting abilities of electrolytes on electrodes plays a key role in improving the specific energy density of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. For nano-scale wetting phenomena, we should consider the curvature effects of the surface tension and the line tension. However, previous works have not analyzed the influence of the curvature effects of the surface tension. In this manuscript, the nano-scale wetting phenomena of spherical droplets on smooth non-deformable substrates were studied by methods of thermodynamics. The total Helmholtz free energy total and the grand potential of this system are calculated. A generalized Young’s equation for wetting of spherical droplets with large enough radius is derived. It is shown that there exists a nonlinear relationship between the contact angle and the radii of droplets or the line tension.
Levy Foraging in a Dynamic Environment – Extending the Levy Search
Authors: Fioriti Vincenzo , Fratichini Fabio , Chiesa Stefano , Moriconi Claudio
Published: July 2015

A common task for robots is the patrolling of an unknown area with inadequate information about target locations. Under these circumstances it has been suggested that animal foraging could provide an optimal or at least sub-optimal search methodology, namely the Levy flight search. Although still in debate, it seems that predators somehow follow this search pattern when foraging, because it avoids being trapped in a local search if the food is beyond the sensory range. A Levy flight is a particular case of the random walk. Its displacements on a 2-D surface are drawn from the Pareto-Levy probability distribution, characterized by power law tails. The Levy flight search has many applications in optical material, ladars, optics, large database search, earthquake data analysis, location of DNA sites, human mobility, stock return analysis, online auctions, astronomy, ecology and biology. Almost all studies and simulations concerning the Levy flight foraging examine static or slowly moving (with respect to the forager) uniformly distributed resources. Moreover, in recent works a small swarm of underwater autonomous vehicles has been used to test the standard Levy search in the underwater environment, with good results. In this paper we extend the classical Levy foraging framework taking into consideration a moving target allocated on a 2-D surface according to a radial probability distribution and comparing its performance with the random walk search. The metric used in the numerical simulations is the detection rate. Simulations include the sensor resolution, intended as the maximum detection distance of the forager from the target. Furthermore, contrarily to the usual Levy foraging framework, we use only one target. Results show that Levy flight outperforms the random walk if the sensor detection radius is not too small or too large. We also find the Levy flight in the velocity of the center of mass model of a fish school according the Kuramoto equation, a famous model of synchronization phenomena. Finally, a discussion about the controversy concerning the innate or evolutionary origin of the Levy foraging is given.
Avaliação do desempenho de operadores no treinamento com simulador de realidade virtual Forwarder.
Authors: Lopes Eduardo da Silva , Oliveira Diego de , Silva Paulo Candido da , Chiquetto Ademar Luiz
Published: July 2015

O uso dos simuladores de realidade virtual é a solução mais eficiente de treinamento, permitindo capacitar os operadores rapidamente e com baixos custos. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de operadores no treinamento com o simulador de realidade virtual Forwarder. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Centro de Formação de Operadores Florestais (CENFOR), da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Um grupo de 26 operadores de diferentes empresas florestais foi avaliado, no qual nenhum tinha experiência na operação de máquinas, sendo avaliados os seus desempenhos em diversas variáveis operacionais. Os dados foram coletados no início e no final de cada módulo operacional do treinamento no simulador virtual. Os resultados indicaram que os operadores tiveram maior dificuldade de executar a operação de carregamento de toras, em consequência da menor visibilidade e presença de resíduos da colheita de madeira nas pilhas de toras. A maior evolução no desempenho dos operadores durante o treinamento ocorreu em relação à variável "colisão com os fueiros", com ganhos médios de 85,7 e 65,9% nos módulos III e IV respectivamente, que contemplam as operações de carregamento de toras.
Utilização do Quociente de de Liocourt na avaliação da distribuição diamétrica em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Aberta em Pernambuco.
Authors: Alves Junior Francisco Tarcísio , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Silva José Antônio Aleixo da , Marangon Luiz Carlos , Costa Junior Roberto Felix , Silva Shirley de Oliveira
Published: July 2015

Grande parte da biodiversidade do ecossistema das florestas tropicais está se perdendo, antes mesmo que se tenha inteiro conhecimento de sua riqueza natural, assim, torna-se importante a realização de estudos, a fim de propiciar o conhecimento e a manutenção da sua estrutura, além de viabilizar a exploração de seus produtos, bens e/ou serviços provenientes de forma planejada e racional, garantindo o fluxo contínuo desses recursos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o quociente de De Liocourt na avaliação da distribuição diamétrica em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila localizados no município de Catende, Zona da Mata Sul do estado de Pernambuco, visando a descrever a estrutura diamétrica dos fragmentos estudados pelo seu Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI), bem como avaliar a degradação e o estado sucessional das áreas. A distribuição diamétrica comportou-se como o esperado para florestas inequiâneas, ou seja, curva de distribuição diamétrica assemelhando-se a um J-invertido. Os valores de área basal nos fragmentos foram de 23,6m2.ha-1, para a Mata das Caldeiras e de 20,9 m2.ha-1 para a Mata das Galinhas. Os fragmentos pesquisados encontram-se em estágio médio de sucessão. Algumas espécies apresentaram dificuldades na taxa de recrutamento, podendo gerar futuramente a sua extinção. Espécies como: Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith e Brosimum discolor Schott, demonstraram estrutura diamétrica distinta entre os fragmentos. A espécie Plathymenia foliolosa Benth. apresentou descontinuidade acentuada na estrutura diamétrica em ambas as áreas.
Controle da matocompetição em plantios de dois clones de Eucalyptus × urograndis no Amapá
Authors: Aparício Perseu da Silva , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Silva José Antônio Aleixo da , Rosa Antonio Carlos , Aparício Wegliane Campelo da Silva
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se analisar o crescimento inicial de dois clones do híbrido Eucalyptus × urograndis em diferentes sistemas de manejo da matocompetição, ao longo do tempo, no ano de implantação em áreas amapaenses. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Amapá Florestal e Celulose S.A. (AMCEL), no período de setembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007, em duas áreas experimentais localizadas no município de Itaubal, AP (0°42'N; 50°48'W) onde foram plantados de forma mecanizada dois diferentes clones do híbrido Eucalyptus × urograndis, caracterizando um clone por talhão (H3911 e H3243). A limpeza das áreas foi realizada por meio de aplicação do herbicida glifosato. O experimento foi alocado em delineamento de medidas repetidas, com os arranjos: Dois clones - H3911 e H3243; seis tratamentos - T1: sem limpeza; T2: limpeza total com herbicida; T3: limpeza com herbicida em duas faixas de 50cm na linha de plantio; T4: limpeza com herbicida em duas faixas de 75cm na linha de plantio; T5: limpeza com herbicida em duas faixas de 100 cm na linha de plantio e, T6: coroamento com 75 cm de raio por meio de herbicida; com quatro repetições. Foram mensuradas durante os primeiros quatro meses de avaliação apenas as alturas das plantas. A partir do quinto mês, além das alturas foram mensurados os diâmetros a 1,30 m do solo (DAP). Foi realizado o teste de esfericidade de Mauchly e testadas às hipóteses de nulidade das interações tempo x clone e tempo x clone x tipos de limpezas, e quando verificadas diferenças significativas (p < 0,05), as médias foram comparadas por meio do teste de Tukey. Em relação ao clone H3911, o tratamento com maior T5 e o de limpeza total, as alturas mostraram-se estatisticamente semelhantes, o que não ocorreu com os demais tipos de limpezas. Quanto aos DAP's das plantas do clone H3911, foi observado crescimento com repostas similares, no entanto com diferentes velocidades de crescimento durante o período de avaliação, com T1 e T6 demonstrando maior sensibilidade à competição. As alturas das plantas do clone H3243 mantiveram-se estatisticamente semelhantes no final do experimento, no entanto, quanto aos DAP's, foi observado que as plantas do T1, apesar de, no primeiro mês de avaliação, possuir o valor médio de DAP (2,3cm) estatisticamente superior aos demais tratamentos de limpezas, estes foram mais sensíveis à presença e efeito da matocompetição. O crescimento das plantas do tratamento com Limpeza Total se destacou dos demais ao longo de um ano de avaliação, para os dois clones testados.
Avaliação técnica e econômica do corte de eucalipto com feller-buncher em diferentes condições operacionais
Authors: Simões Danilo , Iamonti Ivan Chiaramonti , Fenner Paulo Torres
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar técnica e economicamente o Feller-buncher em condições diferenciadas de colheita em florestas de eucalipto em segundo corte. A análise técnica englobou um estudo de tempos e movimentos pelo método de tempo contínuo e o rendimento operacional foi determinado pelo volume em metros cúbicos de madeira colhida. A análise econômica englobou os parâmetros do custo operacional, custo de colheita florestal e rendimento energético. A análise dos dados evidenciou que a composição da linha de colheita, a disposição dos feixes de árvores influenciaram no rendimento operacional. O custo operacional médio foi de US$ 86.26 por hora efetiva de trabalho, que resultou num custo de colheita florestal médio de US$ 1.09 m-³.
Influência da disposição dos tubetes e da aplicação de fertilizantes de liberação lenta, durante o pré-viveiro, no crescimento de mudas de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.).
Authors: Teixeira Paulo César , Rodrigues Haroldo Silva , Lima Wanderlei Antônio Alves , Rocha Raimundo Nonato Carvalho , Cunha Raimundo Nonato Vieira , Lopes Ricardo
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho objetivou verificar a influência do tipo e doses de adubo de liberação lenta (ALL) e da percentagem de ocupação da bandeja pelos tubetes (OB), durante o pré-viveiro, no crescimento, nutrição e partição de matéria seca de mudas de dendezeiro. O experimento foi constituído de 16 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial, compreendendo dois tipos de ALL (Osmocote® e Basacote mini), duas doses (0 e 3 kg/m3 de substrato) e quatro OB (100%, 66%, 50% e 25 %), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Ainda, houve um tratamento adicional em sacos plásticos contendo 1,5 dm3 de solo. Sementes pré-germinadas de dendezeiro foram colocadas em tubetes contendo substrato comercial e em sacos contendo solo. Aos três meses, todas as mudas foram transplantadas para sacos plásticos de 40 x 40 cm contendo solo avaliando a altura de planta e diâmetro do coleto, a matéria seca e o teor de N, P, K, Ca e de Mg. Aos 10 e 16 meses de idade, foram avaliados a altura e diâmetro e aos 16 meses a matéria seca. A adição de ALL no pré-viveiro foi fundamental para a formação final das mudas. A OB no pré-viveiro não influenciou o crescimento em altura e diâmetro aos 10 e 16 meses de idade. A altura das mudas produzidas em tubetes foi superior, aos 10 meses de idade, com o Osmocote®, comparada ao Basacote mini. Aos 16 meses, não houve diferença de crescimento entre as plantas com os diferentes tipos de ALL, havendo somente efeito da dose utilizada.
Maturação fisiológica e coleta de sementes de Eugenia uniflora L. (Pitanga), Santa Maria, RS.
Authors: Avila Angela Luciana de , Argenta Marileia da Silva , Muniz Marlove Fátima Brião , Poleto Igor , Blume Elena
Published: July 2015

Este estudo teve como objetivo acompanhar a maturação fisiológica, seus parâmetros indicadores e identificar o momento adequado para a coleta de sementes de Eugenia uniflora, avaliando também a incidência de fungos em frutos e sementes. A pesquisa foi realizada de agosto a outubro de 2004 em Santa Maria, RS. A coleta dos frutos e sementes ocorreu semanalmente, partindo de três árvores matrizes, com início aos 7 dias após a antese (DAA) e término aos 77 DAA. As variáveis observadas foram: altura, diâmetro, peso verde e sanidade de frutos e sementes e teor de umidade, massa seca e germinação das sementes. Identificou-se que a época adequada para a coleta das sementes, no período e local de estudo, ocorreu entre 56 e 63 DAA, quando os frutos apresentavam coloração vermelha e as sementes elevada germinação. Nesse período, o tamanho e o peso de frutos e sementes atingiram seus valores máximos e o teor de umidade e matéria seca das sementes mostraram tendência à estabilização. Os gêneros fúngicos Cladosporium sp. e Alternaria sp.  apresentaram as maiores taxas de incidência nos frutos e nas sementes e podem influenciar o armazenamento e a germinação das sementes de mudas de Eugenia uniflora.
Geoestatística aplicada ao estudo das características físico-químicas do solo em áreas de Floresta Estacional Decidual
Authors: Wojciechowski Julio Cesar , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Kilca Ricardo de Vargas , Brun Eleandro J. , Fonseca Pires Carlos A. da , Silva Carlos R. S. da , Madruga Pedro Roberto de Azambuja , Vaccaro Sandro , Rondon Neto Rubens M.
Published: July 2015

Utilizaram-se métodos da geoestatística na identificação do tamanho e da estrutura da variabilidade espacial de alguns atributos físico-químicos do solo em áreas de Floresta Estacional Decidual as quais foram denominadas floresta madura, floresta secundária e capoeirão. As áreas, localizadas no município de Santa Tereza, RS, foram amostradas durante o período de 2002 a 2003, compreendendo as classes de solo: Chernossolo Argilúvico, Cambissolo Ta e Neossolo Litólico. Realizou-se amostragem sistemática com grid de espaçamento regular entre os pontos variando de 30 m para o capoeirão e 40 m para floresta madura e secundária, totalizando oitenta pontos amostrais em uma área total de 7,34 ha. Foram coletadas amostras de solo "in situ" para análise em laboratório dos atributos densidade do solo, argila, pH, potássio, matéria orgânica e fósforo. A estrutura da variabilidade espacial foi identificada por meio dos semivariogramas, definindo-se os parâmetros necessários para a krigagem. O atributo mais variável foi a matéria orgânica, não obtendo ajuste a nenhum modelo teórico de semivariograma, enquanto que o pH foi o menor. Na análise de estrutura da variabilidade espacial por meio da geoestatística, a argila e densidade, ambas em área de floresta secundária, e o pH nas áreas experimentais apresentaram a maior dependência espacial. O modelo gaussiano para o atributo argila obteve o maior alcance da dependência espacial, sendo 400 e 388 m, nas áreas de floresta secundária e madura respectivamente. A validação cruzada mostrou acuracidade no ajuste dos modelos variográficos, tendo a variável pH apresentado o melhor desempenho, 0,87; 0,94 e 0,92 nas áreas de floresta madura, secundária e capoeirão respectivamente.
Análise econômica da produção de Pinus elliottii na Serra do Sudeste, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Floriano Eduardo Pagel , Schneider Paulo Renato , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Fleig Frederico Dimas
Published: July 2015

Este estudo foi realizado para Pinus elliottii Engelm. na Serra do Sudeste, Rio Grande do Sul, tendo como objetivos: determinar os custos de produção e receitas possíveis; realizar a análise econômica da produção de madeira nas condições regionais; determinar a rotação de máximo Valor Presente Líquido (VPL). Os custos de implantação dos povoamentos foram estimados em R$ 2.292,09/ha e os de manutenção anual variaram de R$ 134,84/ha a R$ 363,98/ha. A partir do Índice de Sítio 28, com VPL de R$ 1.147,17/ha, a produção de madeira passa a ser economicamente interessante. No IS 26, com uma Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 6,86% seria possível pagar juros de 6,75% a.a. do Propflora. A análise de diferentes rotações para o IS 28 mostrou máximo VPL com rotação de 26 anos, desbastando em ciclo de 4 anos, iniciando-se os desbastes aos 10 anos. A análise econômica foi realizada com cautela, utilizando níveis de produtividade moderados, custos dentro de padrões que podem ser considerados entre médios e altos e preços comedidos para o atual mercado da madeira. Mesmo com as restrições impostas à análise, os resultados são promissores; especialmente tendo em vista a tendência de aumento dos preços no mercado regional e a probabilidade de indústrias laminadoras virem a absorver a produção de toras de maiores dimensões em um futuro próximo.
Índices de sítios para Hovenia dulcis Thunberg na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Selle Gerson Luiz , Fleig Frederico Dimas , Vuaden Elisabete , Albernard Luiz Antônio Jacques de , Braz Evaldo Muñoz
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir curvas índice de sítios florestais, a partir da altura dominante e idade, de populações localizadas na região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações de três povoamentos (sítios) com idades de 25 anos, localizados na Fundação de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO). Para classificar os sítios florestais, coletaram-se informações de 18 árvores dominantes nos locais, observando a metodologia para análise de tronco. Na construção das curvas de índice de sítio, foi o selecionado o modelo de Backman, ficando constatada a necessidade da construção de dois conjuntos de curvas, com intervalo de 2 m, da idade de 5 a 25 anos, com idade índice de 25 anos. Para o Sítio I-A, foram geradas 3 curvas índices, de 22 a 24 m e, para os Sítios I-B+II+III, 6 curvas índices de 8 a 18 m.
Nicolas de Béguelin et les fondements d’une philosophie de la nature
Authors: Duchesneau François
Published: July 2015

Nicolas de Béguelin, philosophe et scientifique, membre de
l’Académie de Berlin, entreprit de concilier des
thèses contrastées sur les fondements de la philosophie
de la nature, qui semblaient suggérer une antinomie
irréductible entre les principes leibniziens-wolffiens et les
principes newtoniens. Dans une série de mémoires
consacrés à ce projet, il tente d’établir
qu’une philosophie expérimentale reste incertaine de ses
hypothèses, si elle ne les confronte aux réquisits
qu’imposent certains des principes architectoniques
dérivant du principe de la raison suffisante. Au coeur de
l’argument figure une analyse visant à rattacher le
concept de loi de la nature à la catégorie des
vérités contingentes. Illustration en est fournie par la
« déduction » des lois fondamentales de la
mécanique : celles-ci ne sauraient être
réduites à des propositions abstraites relevant de la
seule nécessité géométrique. C’est en
se fondant sur le réquisit de l’harmonie universelle que
Béguelin propose des hypothèses sur
l’intégration de forces motrices, intégration qui
serait sous-jacente à l’inertie des corps, et sur
l’espace comme ordre de coexistence des corps qui
dépendrait de l’interrelation entre des
éléments monadiques.
Endocrine remodelling of the adult intestine sustains reproduction in Drosophila
Authors: Reiff Tobias , Jacobson Jake , Cognigni Paola , Antonello Zeus , Ballesta Esther , Tan Kah Junn , Yew Joanne Y , Dominguez Maria , Miguel-Aliaga Irene
Published: July 2015

The production of offspring is energetically costly and relies on incompletely understood mechanisms that generate a positive energy balance. In mothers of many species, changes in key energy-associated internal organs are common yet poorly characterised functionally and mechanistically. In this study, we show that, in adult Drosophila females, the midgut is dramatically remodelled to enhance reproductive output. In contrast to extant models, organ remodelling does not occur in response to increased nutrient intake and/or offspring demands, but rather precedes them. With spatially and temporally directed manipulations, we identify juvenile hormone (JH) as an anticipatory endocrine signal released after mating. Acting through intestinal bHLH-PAS domain proteins Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and Germ cell-expressed (Gce), JH signals directly to intestinal progenitors to yield a larger organ, and adjusts gene expression and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) activity in enterocytes to support increased lipid metabolism. Our findings identify a metabolically significant paradigm of adult somatic organ remodelling linking hormonal signals, epithelial plasticity, and reproductive output.
Biocompatible PEG‐Chitosan@Carbon Dots Hybrid Nanogels for Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging, Near‐Infrared Light/pH Dual‐Responsive Drug Carrier, and Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Wang Hui , Di Jing , Sun Yubing , Fu Jianping , Wei Zengyan , Matsui Hiroshi , del C. Alonso Alejandra , Zhou Shuiqin
Published: July 2015

This work designs a class of biocompatible PEG‐chitosan@CDs hybrid nanogels by integrating nonlinear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), chitosan, and graphitic carbon dots (CDs) into a single nanoparticle for two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) bioimaging, pH and near‐infrared (NIR) light dual‐responsive drug release, and synergistic therapy. Such hybrid nanogels can be simply prepared from a one‐pot surfactant‐free precipitation polymerization of the PEG macromonomers complexed with chitosan and CDs in water, resulting in a semi‐interpenetration of chitosan chains and an immobilization of CDs in the nonlinear PEG networks. The embedded CDs in hybrid nanogels not only serve as an excellent confocal and TPF imaging contrast agent and fluorescent pH‐sensing probe, but also enhance the loading capacity of the hybrid nanogels for hydrophobic anticancer drug. The chitosan can induce a pH‐sensitive swelling/deswelling of the hybrid nanogels for pH‐regulated drug release over the physiologically important range of 5.0–7.4 and surface modulation of embedded CDs to realize fluorescent pH sensing. The thermosensitive nonlinear PEG network can promote the drug release through the local heat produced by the embedded CDs under NIR irradiation. The in vitro results indicate that the hybrid nanogels demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy through the synergistic effect of combined chemo–photothermal treatments.
Diketopyrrolopyrroles with a Distinct Energy Level Cascade for Efficient Charge Carrier Generation in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Mueller Christian J. , Brendel Michael , Ruckdeschel Pia , Pflaum Jens , Thelakkat Mukundan
Published: July 2015

Three structurally different low molecular weight diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) are synthesized in order to provide donors with a precise offset in their energy levels. The DPPs are characterized for optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties. By changing the terminal aryl groups attached to the DPP core from phenyl over m‐pyridine to p‐pyridine, different solid state packing is observed in thin film studies using UV/VIS absorption spectra and X‐ray diffraction. Most importantly it is shown that both, reduction as well as oxidation potentials can be precisely tuned with a gradual stepping of about 100 meV by changing the terminal groups attached to the DPP core. Exploiting this energy level modification, these materials are tested in planar cascade organic photovoltaic devices using C60 as acceptor. A sub nm thick interlayer of a suitable DPP derivative is introduced to obtain a distinct energy level cascade at the donor/acceptor interface. Power conversion efficiency as well as short‐circuit current density is doubled with respect to the reference bilayer devices lacking the interface cascade. Spectrally resolved analysis of external quantum efficiency reveals that this enhancement can mainly be attributed to destabilization of bound charge transfer states formed in the C60 layer at the interlayer interface, thus reducing geminate recombination losses.
A Hybridized Power Panel to Simultaneously Generate Electricity from Sunlight, Raindrops, and Wind around the Clock
Authors: Zheng Li , Cheng Gang , Chen Jun , Lin Long , Wang Jie , Liu Yongsheng , Li Hexing , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2015

With the solar panels quickly spreading across the rooftops worldwide, solar power is now very popular. However, the output of the solar cell panels is highly dependent on weather conditions, making it rather unstable. Here, a hybridized power panel that can simultaneously generate power from sunlight, raindrop, and wind is proposed and demonstrated, when any or all of them are available in ambient environment. Without compromising the output performance and conversion efficiency of the solar cell itself, the presented hybrid cell can deliver an average output of 86 mW m−2 from the water drops at a dripping rate of 13.6 mL s−1, and an average output of 8 mW m−2 from wind at a speed of 2.7 m s−1, which is an innovative energy compensation to the common solar cells, especially in rainy seasons or at night. Given the compelling features, such as cost‐effectiveness and a greatly expanded working time, the reported hybrid cell renders an innovative way to realize multiple kinds of energy harvesting and as an useful compensation to the currently widely used solar cells. The demonstrated concept here will possibly be adopted in a variety of circumstances and change the traditional way of solar energy harvesting.
Discovery and Structure Determination of an Unusual Sulfide Telluride through an Effective Combination of TEM and Synchrotron Microdiffraction
Authors: Fahrnbauer Felix , Rosenthal Tobias , Schmutzler Tilo , Wagner Gerald , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Wright Jonathan P. , Oeckler Oliver
Published: July 2015

The structure elucidation of the novel sulfide telluride Pb8Sb8S15Te5 demonstrates a new versatile procedure that exploits the synergism of electron microscopy and synchrotron diffraction methods for accurate structure analyses of side‐phases in heterogeneous microcrystalline samples. Suitable crystallites of unknown compounds can be identified by transmission electron microscopy and relocated and centered in a microfocused synchrotron beam by means of X‐ray fluorescence scans. The refined structure model is then confirmed by simulating HRTEM images of the same crystallite. Pb8Sb8S15Te5 consists of chains of heterocubane‐like units. Cation coordination polyhedra form unusually entwined chains of edge‐ and face‐sharing bicapped trigonal prisms. The structure data are precise enough for bond‐valence calculations, which confirm the disordered atom distribution. On this basis, optimization of physical properties becomes feasible.
The Critical Effect of Niobium Doping on the Formation of Mesostructured TiO2: Single‐Crystalline Ordered Mesoporous Nb‐TiO2 and Plate‐like Nb‐TiO2 with Ordered Mesoscale Dimples
Authors: Kitahara Masaki , Shimasaki Yuta , Matsuno Takamichi , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Shimojima Atsushi , Wada Hiroaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: July 2015

Highly ordered mesoporous niobium‐doped TiO2 with a single‐crystalline framework was prepared by using silica colloidal crystals with ca. 30 nm in diameter as templates. The preparation of colloidal crystals composed of uniform silica nanoparticles is a key to obtain highly ordered mesoporous Nb‐doped TiO2. The XPS measurements of Nb‐doped TiO2 showed the presence of Nb5+ and correspondingly Ti3+. With the increase in the amount of doped Nb, the crystalline phase of the product was converted from rutile into anatase, and the lattice spacings of both rutile and anatase phases increased. Surprisingly, the increase in the amount of Nb led to the formation of plate‐like TiO2 with dimpled surfaces on one side, which was directly replicated from the surfaces of the colloidal silica crystals.
Bacillus radicibacter sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from root nodule of Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge
Authors: Wei Xiu Li , Lin Yan Bing , Xu Lin , Han Meng Sha , Dong Dan Hong , Chen Wei Min , Wang Li , Wei Ge Hong
Published: July 2015

A Gram‐positive, facultative anaerobic, rod‐shaped, and endospore‐forming strain, designated 53‐2T was isolated from the root nodule of Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge growing on Qilian mountain, China. The strain can grow at pH 7.0–8.0, 10–50 °C and tolerate up to 11% NaCl. Optimal growth occurred at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. The result of BLASTn search based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain 53‐2T, being closest related to Bacillus acidicola 105‐2T, possessed remote similarity (less than 95.64%) to the species within genus Bacillus. The DNA G + C content was 37.8%. Chemotaxonomic data (major quinone is MK‐7; major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unknown phospholipid, and aminoglycophospholipid; fatty acids are anteiso‐C15: 0, iso‐C15:0 and anteiso‐C17: 0) supported the affiliation of the isolate to the genus Bacillus. On the basis of physiological, phylogenetic, and biochemical properties, strain 53‐2T represents a novel species within genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus radicibacter is proposed. The type strain is 53‐2T (=DSM27302T=ACCC06115T=CCNWQLS5T).
Effect of overuse‐induced tendinopathy on tendon healing in a rat supraspinatus repair model
Authors: Tucker Jennica J. , Riggin Corinne N. , Connizzo Brianne K. , Mauck Robert L. , Steinberg David R. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Bernstein Joseph
Published: July 2015

Supraspinatus tears often result in the setting of chronic tendinopathy. However, the typical repair model utilizes an acute injury. In recognition of that distinction, our laboratory developed an overuse animal model; however it is unclear whether induced overuse is necessary in the repair model. We studied the repair properties of overuse‐induced tendons compared to normal tendons. We hypothesized that histological and mechanical properties would not be altered between the overuse‐induced and normal tendons 1 and 4 weeks after repair. Thirty‐one adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to either overuse or cage activity for 4 weeks prior to bilateral supraspinatus tendon repair surgery. Rats were sacrificed at 1 and 4 weeks post‐surgery and evaluated for histology and mechanics. Results at 1 week showed no clear histologic changes, but increased inflammatory protein expression in overuse tendons. At 4 weeks, percent relaxation was slightly increased in the overuse group. No other alterations in mechanics or histology were observed. Our results suggest that the effects of the surgical injury overshadow the changes evoked by overuse. Because clinically relevant mechanical parameters were not altered in the overuse group, we conclude that when examining tendons 4 weeks after repair in the classic rat supraspinatus model, inducing overuse prior to surgery is likely to be unnecessary. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:161–166, 2016.
Barriers and Facilitators of Mental Health Treatment‐Seeking in U.S. Active Duty Soldiers With Sexual Assault Histories
Authors: Zinzow Heidi M. , Britt Thomas W. , Pury Cynthia L. S. , Jennings Kristen , Cheung Janelle H. , Raymond Mary Anne
Published: July 2015

Despite significant mental health needs among sexual assault (SA) victims in the military, little is known about treatment‐seeking patterns or factors associated with service use. This study examined service use behavior, barriers, and facilitators of mental health treatment‐seeking in an active duty sample of 927 U.S. Army soldiers with mental health problems. SA victims (n = 113) did not differ from non‐victims on barriers or facilitators after adjusting for demographic and mental health variables, with stigma rated as the largest barrier. Most SA victims (87.6%) had sought informal support and 59.3% had sought formal treatment. One third of treatment‐seekers had dropped out of treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified several correlates of treatment‐seeking among SA victims: Black race (OR = 7.57), SA during the military (OR = 4.34), positive treatment beliefs (OR = 2.22), social support for treatment (OR = 2.14), self‐reliance (OR = 0.47), and stigma towards treatment seekers (OR = 0.43). Mental health symptoms were not associated with treatment seeking. Findings suggested that treatment‐facilitating interventions should focus on improving recognition of mental health symptoms, altering perceptions related to self‐reliance, and reducing stigma. Interventions should also enlist support for treatment‐seeking from unit members, leaders, and significant others.
MALDI‐TOF Analysis of Halogen Telechelic Poly(methyl methacrylate)s and Poly(methyl acrylate)s Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) or Single Electron Transfer‐Living Radical Polymerization (SET‐LRP)
Authors: Couthouis Justine , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin
Published: July 2015

Poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMA)s and poly(methyl acrylate)s (PMA)s are prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) using methyl dichloroacetate (MDCA) and ethyl dibromoacetate (EDBA) as bifunctional initiators. The chain‐end functionality is determined by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The target PMMA (Mn = 2000 g mol−1) and PMA (Mn = 2000 g mol−1) samples obtained by ATRP of MMA and MA with MDCA as initiator have 12 and 81 mol% bis‐chloro end groups, respectively; those prepared by SET‐LRP have 57 and 100 mol% bis‐chloro end groups, respectively. The PMMAs obtained by ATRP or SET‐LRP with EDBA have no bromine end groups.

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