bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FBW7/GSK3β mediated degradation of IGF2BP2 inhibits IGF2BP2-SLC7A5 positive feedback loop and radioresistance in lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Zhang Bin , Deng Yue , Deng Suke , Li Jie , Wei Wenwen , Wang Yijun , Wang Jiacheng , Feng Zishan , Che Mengjie , Yang Xiao , Meng Jingshu , Li Yan , Hu Yan , Sun Yajie , Wen Lu , Huang Fang , Sheng Yuhan , Wan Chao , Yang Kunyu
Published: January 2024

Background

The development of radioresistance seriously hinders the efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms by which radioresistance occurs are still incompletely understood. The N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA is involved in cancer progression, but its role in lung cancer radioresistance remains elusive. This study aimed to identify m6A regulators involved in lung cancer radiosensitivity and further explore the underlying mechanisms to identify therapeutic targets to overcome lung cancer radioresistance.

Methods

Bioinformatic mining was used to identify the m6A regulator IGF2BP2 involved in lung cancer radiosensitivity. Transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the downstream factors. Clonogenic survival assays, neutral comet assays, Rad51 foci formation assays, and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays were used to determine the significance of FBW7/IGF2BP2/SLC7A5 axis in lung cancer radioresistance. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR analyses, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR analyses, RNA pull-down analyses, co-immunoprecipitation analyses, and ubiquitination assays were used to determine the feedback loop between IGF2BP2 and SLC7A5 and the regulatory effect of FBW7/GSK3β on IGF2BP2. Mice models and tissue microarrays were used to verify the effects in vivo.

Results

We identified IGF2BP2, an m6A “reader”, that is overexpressed in lung cancer and facilitates radioresistance. We showed that inhibition of IGF2BP2 impairs radioresistance in lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that IGF2BP2 enhances the stability and translation of SLC7A5 mRNA through m6A modification, resulting in enhanced SLC7A5-mediated transport of methionine to produce S-adenosylmethionine. This feeds back upon the IGF2BP2 promoter region by further increasing the trimethyl modification at lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) level to upregulate IGF2BP2 expression. We demonstrated that this positive feedback loop between IGF2BP2 and SLC7A5 promotes lung cancer radioresistance through the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, we found that the ubiquitin ligase FBW7 functions with GSK3β kinase to recognize and degrade IGF2BP2.

Conclusions

Collectively, our study revealed that the m6A “reader” IGF2BP2 promotes lung cancer radioresistance by forming a positive feedback loop with SLC7A5, suggesting that IGF2BP2 may be a potential therapeutic target to control radioresistance in lung cancer.
Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater using Cobalt-diphenylamine (Co-DPA) complex
Authors: Yimer Mesfin , Ansari Shagufi Naz , Berehe Biniyam Abdu , Gudimella Krishna Kanthi , Gedda Gangaraju , Girma Wubshet Mekonnen , Hasan Nazim , Tasneem Shadma
Published: January 2024

Heavy metals like Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium are the pollutants emitted into the environment through industrial development. In this work, a new diphenylamine coordinated cobalt complex (Co-DPA) has been synthesized and tested for its efficiency in removing heavy metals from wastewater, and its adsorption capacity was investigated. The effectiveness of heavy metals removal by Co-DPA was evaluated by adjusting the adsorption parameters, such as adsorbent dose, pH, initial metals concentration, and adsorption period. Heavy metal concentrations in real sample were 0.267, 0.075, and 0.125 mg/L for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+ before using as-synthesized Co-DPA to treat wastewater. After being treated with synthesized Co-DPA the concentration of heavy metals was reduced to 0.0129, 0.00028, 0.00054 mg/L for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+, respectively, in 80 min. The removal efficiency was 95.6%, 99.5%, and 99.5% for the respective metals. The adsorption process fitted satisfactorily with Freundlich isotherm with R2(0.999, 0.997, 0.995) for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+, respectively. The kinetic data obeyed the pseudo-second order for Cd2+ and Cr2+ and the pseudo-first order for Pb2+. Based on the results obtained within the framework of this study, it is concluded that the as-synthesized Co-DPA is a good adsorbent to eliminate heavy metal ions like Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+from wastewater solution. In general, Co-DPA is a promising new material for the removal of heavy metal ions from water.

Graphical Abstract
Determining the cytotoxicity of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in ESBL and carbapenemase producing Proteus mirabilis isolated from clinical samples in Shiraz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Kakian Farshad , Mirzaei Esmaeil , Moattari Afagh , Takallu Sara , Bazargani Abdollah
Published: January 2024

Objective

Proteus mirabilis is related to serious infections. The present study was designed to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and cytotoxicity among P. mirabilis isolates recovered from clinical samples in Shiraz.

Results

A total of 100 P. mirabilis isolates were screened by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, 25 (25%) and 7 (7%) isolates were positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) and carbapenemase, respectively. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopy. The average size of AgNPs and ZnONPs in the present study is 48 and < 70 nm, respectively. The MIC and the MBC of the ZnONPs were in the range of 31.25 µg/ml and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. Also, for AgNPs, the MIC and the MBC were in the range of 7.8 µg/mL and 15.6 µg/mL, respectively. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay in a primary culture of fibroblast L929 cells for this MIC indicated biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of Ag NPs and for ZnONPs indicated significant cytotoxicity. Also, a MIC of AgNPs can be used as a therapeutic concentration without the effect of cytotoxicity in human cells.
Engineering Bacillus subtilis J46 for efficient utilization of galactose through adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Choi Jae Woong , Song Nho-Eul , Hong Sang-pil , Rhee Young Kyoung , Hong Hee-Do , Cho Chang-Won
Published: January 2024

Efficient utilization of galactose by microorganisms can lead to the production of valuable bio-products and improved metabolic processes. While Bacillus subtilis has inherent pathways for galactose metabolism, there is potential for enhancement via evolutionary strategies. This study aimed to boost galactose utilization in B. subtilis using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) and to elucidate the genetic and metabolic changes underlying the observed enhancements. The strains of B. subtilis underwent multiple rounds of adaptive laboratory evolution (approximately 5000 generations) in an environment that favored the use of galactose. This process resulted in an enhanced specific growth rate of 0.319 ± 0.005 h−1, a significant increase from the 0.03 ± 0.008 h−1 observed in the wild-type strains. Upon selecting the evolved strain BSGA14, a comprehensive whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two of them, located in the coding sequences of the genes araR and glcR, were found to be the advantageous mutations after reverse engineering. The strain with these two accumulated mutations, BSGALE4, exhibited similar specific growth rate on galactose to the evolved strain BSGA14 (0.296 ± 0.01 h−1). Furthermore, evolved strain showed higher productivity of protease and β-galactosidase in mock soybean biomass medium. ALE proved to be a potent tool for enhancing galactose metabolism in B. subtilis. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential of evolutionary strategies in microbial engineering and pave the way for industrial applications harnessing enhanced galactose conversion.
The impact of gardening on well-being, mental health, and quality of life: an umbrella review and meta-analysis
Authors: Panțiru I. , Ronaldson A. , Sima N. , Dregan A. , Sima R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Gardening and horticultural therapy (HT) has been widely recognised as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review and meta-analysis was to compare the findings of previous reviews on the impact of multiple gardening interventions and gardening attributes on different well-being constructs.

Methods

Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to December 2022. Interventional and observational reviews were eligible for inclusion in this umbrella review. Outcome measures included mental well-being, health status and quality of life. The key exposure variables were gardening and horticultural therapy. Narrative synthesis was used to evaluate the overall impact of gardening and HT on study outcomes. For a subsample of studies with available quantitative data, a random effect meta-analysis was conducted.

Results

This umbrella review included 40 studies (10 interventional studies, 2 observational studies, and 28 mixed interventional and observational studies). The reviewed studies reported an overall positive impact of gardening activities on several measures of mental well-being, quality of life, and health status. Meta-analysis showed a significant and positive effect of gardening and HT activities on well-being (effect size (ES) 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23, 0.87, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Evidence from observational and interventional studies supports a positive role for gardening and HT activities on well-being and general health. Interventional studies with horticultural-based therapies were effective in improving well-being and quality of life both in the general population and vulnerable subgroups. The high degree of heterogeneity in the included studies cautions against any direct clinical implications of the study findings.
Methods for meta-analysis and meta-regression of binomial data: concepts and tutorial with Stata command metapreg
Authors: Nyaga Victoria Nyawira , Arbyn Marc
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite the widespread interest in meta-analysis of proportions, its rationale, certain theoretical and methodological concepts are poorly understood. The generalized linear models framework is well-established and provides a natural and optimal model for meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression of proportions. Nonetheless, generic methods for meta-analysis of proportions based on the approximation to the normal distribution continue to dominate.

Methods

We developed , a tool with advanced statistical procedures to perform a meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression of binomial proportions in Stata using binomial, logistic and logistic-normal models. First, we explain the rationale and concepts essential in understanding statistical methods for meta-analysis of binomial proportions and describe the models implemented in . We then describe and demonstrate the models in using data from seven published meta-analyses. We also conducted a simulation study to compare the performance of estimators with the existing estimators of the population-averaged proportion in and under a broad range of conditions including, high over-dispersion and small meta-analysis.

Conclusion

is a flexible, robust and user-friendly tool employing a rigorous approach to evidence synthesis of binomial data that makes the most efficient use of all available data and does not require ad-hoc continuity correction or data imputation. We expect its use to yield higher-quality meta-analysis of binomial proportions.
Functional similarity, despite taxonomical divergence in the millipede gut microbiota, points to a common trophic strategy
Authors: Nweze Julius Eyiuche , Šustr Vladimír , Brune Andreas , Angel Roey
Published: January 2024

Background

Many arthropods rely on their gut microbiome to digest plant material, which is often low in nitrogen but high in complex polysaccharides. Detritivores, such as millipedes, live on a particularly poor diet, but the identity and nutritional contribution of their microbiome are largely unknown. In this study, the hindgut microbiota of the tropical millipede Epibolus pulchripes (large, methane emitting) and the temperate millipede Glomeris connexa (small, non-methane emitting), fed on an identical diet, were studied using comparative metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.

Results

The results showed that the microbial load in E. pulchripes is much higher and more diverse than in G. connexa. The microbial communities of the two species differed significantly, with Bacteroidota dominating the hindguts of E. pulchripes and Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota) in G. connexa. Despite equal sequencing effort, de novo assembly and binning recovered 282 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from E. pulchripes and 33 from G. connexa, including 90 novel bacterial taxa (81 in E. pulchripes and 9 in G. connexa). However, despite this taxonomic divergence, most of the functions, including carbohydrate hydrolysis, sulfate reduction, and nitrogen cycling, were common to the two species. Members of the Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) were the primary agents of complex carbon degradation in E. pulchripes, while members of Proteobacteria dominated in G. connexa. Members of Desulfobacterota were the potential sulfate-reducing bacteria in E. pulchripes. The capacity for dissimilatory nitrate reduction was found in Actinobacteriota (E. pulchripes) and Proteobacteria (both species), but only Proteobacteria possessed the capacity for denitrification (both species). In contrast, some functions were only found in E. pulchripes. These include reductive acetogenesis, found in members of Desulfobacterota and Firmicutes (Bacillota) in E. pulchripes. Also, diazotrophs were only found in E. pulchripes, with a few members of the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria expressing the nifH gene. Interestingly, fungal-cell-wall-degrading glycoside hydrolases (GHs) were among the most abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) expressed in both millipede species, suggesting that fungal biomass plays an important role in the millipede diet.

Conclusions

Overall, these results provide detailed insights into the genomic capabilities of the microbial community in the hindgut of millipedes and shed light on the ecophysiology of these essential detritivores.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry traces the geographical source of Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus forskalii, involved in schistosomiasis transmission
Authors: Gaye Papa Mouhamadou , Ndiaye El Hadj Ibrahima , Doucouré Souleymane , Sow Doudou , Gaye Mapenda , Goumballa Ndiaw , Cassagne Carole , L’Ollivier Coralie , Medianikov Oleg , Sokhna Cheikh , Ranque Stéphane
Published: January 2024

Background

Freshwater snails of the genera Bulinus spp., Biomphalaria spp., and Oncomelania spp. are the main intermediate hosts of human and animal schistosomiasis. Identification of these snails has long been based on morphological and/or genomic criteria, which have their limitations. These limitations include a lack of precision for the morphological tool and cost and time for the DNA-based approach. Recently, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry, a new tool used which is routinely in clinical microbiology, has emerged in the field of malacology for the identification of freshwater snails. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of MALDI–TOF MS to identify Biomphalariapfeifferi and Bulinusforskalii snail populations according to their geographical origin.

Methods

This study was conducted on 101 Bi.pfeifferi and 81 Bu.forskalii snails collected in three distinct geographical areas of Senegal (the North-East, South-East and central part of the country), and supplemented with wild and laboratory strains. Specimens which had previously been morphologically described were identified by MALDI–TOF MS [identification log score values (LSV) ≥ 1.7], after an initial blind test using the pre-existing database. After DNA-based identification, new reference spectra of Bi.pfeifferi (n = 10) and Bu.forskalii (n = 5) from the geographical areas were added to the MALDI–TOF spectral database. The final blind test against this updated database was performed to assess identification at the geographic source level.

Results

MALDI–TOF MS correctly identified 92.1% of 101 Bi.pfeifferi snails and 98.8% of 81 Bu.forskalii snails. At the final blind test, 88% of 166 specimens were correctly identified according to both their species and sampling site, with LSVs ranging from 1.74 to 2.70. The geographical source was adequately identified in 90.1% of 91 Bi.pfeifferi and 85.3% of 75 Bu.forskalii samples.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that MALDI–TOF MS can identify and differentiate snail populations according to geographical origin. It outperforms the current DNA-based approaches in discriminating laboratory from wild strains. This inexpensive high-throughput approach is likely to further revolutionise epidemiological studies in areas which are endemic for schistosomiasis.
An interactive augmented reality framework to enhance the user experience and operational skills in electronics laboratories
Authors: Singh Gurjinder , Ahmad Faizan
Published: January 2024

Augmented reality (AR) stands as a widely embraced technology that significantly enhances learning experiences for students. AR offers an instructional approach supported by technological design, thereby fostering enriched learning interactions. This research proposes an interactive AR framework, intended to create an augmented reality learning environment (ARLE) for the specific needs of electronics engineering laboratory hardware operations. The ARLE functions as an active learning system designed using a user-centered methodology. It offers interactive 3D models of laboratory equipment, providing learners with preliminary training in equipment operation. The real-time connection between the laboratory apparatus and the AR environment is established using the Arduino board. This interface empowers users to control the AR simulation through the laboratory equipment seamlessly. An experimental study involving 80 engineering students was conducted to evaluate the impact of AR intervention on user experience, usability, and operational skills. The participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group (N = 40) and the control group (N = 40). The experimental group underwent electronics equipment training using ARLE, while the control group followed instructions from a standard instrument handbook. To assess the usability and user experience of ARLE, the system usability scale (SUS) and the user experience questionnaire (UEQ) were employed (N = 40). The findings revealed an SUS score of 80.9 for ARLE, categorizing it as “good” according to SUS ratings. Additionally, the UEQ results demonstrated significantly favorable scores across the six scales when compared to the benchmark dataset. The study's outcomes demonstrate that AR intervention offers learners significant pedagogical value, resulting in a substantial positive impact on operational skills in electronics laboratories.
Short-term prediction of celestial pole offsets with interpretable machine learning
Authors: Kiani Shahvandi Mostafa , Belda Santiago , Mishra Siddhartha , Soja Benedikt
Published: January 2024

The difference between observed and modelled precession/nutation reveals unmodelled signals commonly referred to as Celestial Pole Offsets (CPO), denoted by dX and dY. CPO are currently observed only by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), but there is nearly 4 weeks of latency by which the data centers provide the most accurate, final CPO series. This latency problem necessitates predicting CPO for high-accuracy, real-time applications that require information regarding Earth rotation, such as spacecraft navigation. Even though the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) provides so-called rapid CPO, they are usually less accurate and therefore, may not satisfy the requirements of the mentioned applications. To enhance the quality of CPO predictions, we present a new methodology based on Neural Additive Models (NAMs), a class of interpretable machine learning algorithms. We formulate the problem based on long short-term memory neural networks and derive simple analytical relations for the quantification of prediction uncertainty and feature importance, thereby enhancing the intelligibility of predictions made by machine learning. We then focus on the short-term prediction of CPO with a forecasting horizon of 30 days. We develop an operational framework that consistently provides CPO predictions. Using the CPO series of Jet Propulsion Laboratory as the input to the algorithm, we show that NAMs predictions improve the IERS rapid products on average by 57% for dX and 25% for dY under fully operational conditions. Our predictions are both accurate and overcome the latency issue of final CPO series and thus, can be used in real-time applications.

Graphical Abstract
Dual-quaternion-based iterative algorithm of the three dimensional coordinate transformation
Authors: Zeng Huaien , Wang Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Li Siyang , Wang Junjie , Li Xi
Published: January 2024

Nowadays a unit quaternion is widely employed to represent the three-dimensional (3D) rotation matrix and then applied to the 3D similarity coordinate transformation. A unit dual quaternion can describe not only the 3D rotation matrix but also the translation vector meanwhile. Thus it is of great potentiality to the 3D coordinate transformation. The paper constructs the 3D similarity coordinate transformation model based on the unit dual quaternion in the sense of errors-in-variables (EIV). By means of linearization by Taylor's formula, Lagrangian extremum principle with constraints, and iterative numerical technique, the Dual Quaternion Algorithm (DQA) of 3D coordinate transformation in weighted total least squares (WTLS) is proposed. The algorithm is capable to not only compute the transformation parameters but also estimate the full precision information of computed parameters. Two numerical experiments involving an actual geodetic datum transformation case and a simulated case from surface fitting are demonstrated. The results indicate that DQA is not sensitive to the initial values of parameters, and obtains the consistent values of transformation parameters with the quaternion algorithm (QA), regardless of the size of the rotation angles and no matter whether the relative errors of coordinates (pseudo-observations) are small or large. Moreover, the DQA is advantageous to the QA. The key advantage is the improvement of estimated precisions of transformation parameters, i.e. the average decrease percent of standard deviations is 18.28%, and biggest decrease percent is 99.36% for the scaled quaternion and translations in the geodetic datum transformation case. Another advantage is the DQA implements the computation and precision estimation of traditional seven transformation parameters (which still are frequent used yet) from dual quaternion, and even could perform the computation and precision estimation of the scaled quaternion.

Graphical Abstract
Simultaneous estimation of a model-derived input function for quantifying cerebral glucose metabolism with [18F]FDG PET
Authors: Narciso Lucas , Deller Graham , Dassanayake Praveen , Liu Linshan , Pinto Samara , Anazodo Udunna , Soddu Andrea , Lawrence Keith St
Published: January 2024

Background

Quantification of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlu) by dynamic [18F]FDG PET requires invasive arterial sampling. Alternatives to using an arterial input function (AIF) include the simultaneous estimation (SIME) approach, which models the image-derived input function (IDIF) by a series of exponentials with coefficients obtained by fitting time activity curves (TACs) from multiple volumes-of-interest. A limitation of SIME is the assumption that the input function can be modelled accurately by a series of exponentials. Alternatively, we propose a SIME approach based on the two-tissue compartment model to extract a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) model-derived input function (MDIF) from the whole-brain TAC. The purpose of this study is to present the MDIF approach and its implementation in the analysis of animal and human data.

Methods

Simulations were performed to assess the accuracy of the MDIF approach. Animal experiments were conducted to compare derived MDIFs to measured AIFs (n = 5). Using dynamic [18F]FDG PET data from neurologically healthy volunteers (n = 18), the MDIF method was compared to the original SIME-IDIF. Lastly, the feasibility of extracting parametric images was investigated by implementing a variational Bayesian parameter estimation approach.

Results

Simulations demonstrated that the MDIF can be accurately extracted from a whole-brain TAC. Good agreement between MDIFs and measured AIFs was found in the animal experiments. Similarly, the MDIF-to-IDIF area-under-the-curve ratio from the human data was 1.02 ± 0.08, resulting in good agreement in grey matter CMRGlu: 24.5 ± 3.6 and 23.9 ± 3.2 mL/100 g/min for MDIF and IDIF, respectively. The MDIF method proved superior in characterizing the first pass of [18F]FDG. Groupwise parametric images obtained with the MDIF showed the expected spatial patterns.

Conclusions

A model-driven SIME method was proposed to derive high SNR input functions. Its potential was demonstrated by the good agreement between MDIFs and AIFs in animal experiments. In addition, CMRGlu estimates obtained in the human study agreed to literature values. The MDIF approach requires fewer fitting parameters than the original SIME method and has the advantage that it can model the shape of any input function. In turn, the high SNR of the MDIFs has the potential to facilitate the extraction of voxelwise parameters when combined with robust parameter estimation methods such as the variational Bayesian approach.
Evaluating a radiotherapy deep learning synthetic CT algorithm for PET-MR attenuation correction in the pelvis
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan J. , Kaushik Sandeep , Cozzini Cristina , Pearson Rachel A. , Petrides George , Wiesinger Florian , McCallum Hazel M. , Maxwell Ross J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance (PET-MR) attenuation correction is challenging because the MR signal does not represent tissue density and conventional MR sequences cannot image bone. A novel zero echo time (ZTE) MR sequence has been previously developed which generates signal from cortical bone with images acquired in 65 s. This has been combined with a deep learning model to generate a synthetic computed tomography (sCT) for MR-only radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate this algorithm for PET-MR attenuation correction in the pelvis.

Methods

Ten patients being treated with ano-rectal radiotherapy received a $$^{18}$$

18

F-FDG-PET-MR in the radiotherapy position. Attenuation maps were generated from ZTE-based sCT (sCTAC) and the standard vendor-supplied MRAC. The radiotherapy planning CT scan was rigidly registered and cropped to generate a gold standard attenuation map (CTAC). PET images were reconstructed using each attenuation map and compared for standard uptake value (SUV) measurement, automatic thresholded gross tumour volume (GTV) delineation and GTV metabolic parameter measurement. The last was assessed for clinical equivalence to CTAC using two one-sided paired t tests with a significance level corrected for multiple testing of $$p \le 0.05/7 = 0.007$$

p
≤
0.05
/
7
=
0.007

. Equivalence margins of $$\pm 3.5\%$$

±
3.5
%

were used.

Results

Mean whole-image SUV differences were −0.02% (sCTAC) compared to −3.0% (MRAC), with larger differences in the bone regions (−0.5% to −16.3%). There was no difference in thresholded GTVs, with Dice similarity coefficients $$\ge 0.987$$

≥
0.987

. However, there were larger differences in GTV metabolic parameters. Mean differences to CTAC in $${\mathrm {SUV}}_{\max}$$

SUV
max

were $$1.0 \pm 0.8\%$$

1.0
±
0.8
%

(± standard error, sCTAC) and $$-4.6 \pm 0.9\%$$

-
4.6
±
0.9
%

(MRAC), and $$1.0 \pm 0.7\%$$

1.0
±
0.7
%

(sCTAC) and $$-4.3 \pm 0.8\%$$

-
4.3
±
0.8
%

(MRAC) in $${\mathrm {SUV}}_{\rm mean}$$

SUV
mean

. The sCTAC was statistically equivalent to CTAC within a $$\pm 3.5\%$$

±
3.5
%

equivalence margin for $${\mathrm {SUV}}_{\max}$$

SUV
max

and $${\mathrm {SUV}}_{\rm mean}$$

SUV
mean

($$p = 0.007$$

p
=
0.007

and $$p = 0.002$$

p
=
0.002

), whereas the MRAC was not ($$p = 0.88$$

p
=
0.88

and $$p = 0.83$$

p
=
0.83

).

Conclusion

Attenuation correction using this radiotherapy ZTE-based sCT algorithm was substantially more accurate than current MRAC methods with only a 40 s increase in MR acquisition time. This did not impact tumour delineation but did significantly improve the accuracy of whole-image and tumour SUV measurements, which were clinically equivalent to CTAC. This suggests PET images reconstructed with sCTAC would enable accurate quantitative PET images to be acquired on a PET-MR scanner.
AMPK activation enhances osteoblast differentiation on a titanium disc via autophagy
Authors: Egashira Kei , Kajiya Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Takashi , Taniguchi Yusuke , Kakura Kae , Ohno Jun , Kido Hirofumi
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The acquisition of osseointegration during implant therapy is slower and poorer in patients with diabetes compared with healthy persons. The serum concentration of adiponectin in patients with type II diabetes is lower than that of healthy persons via the suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Therefore, we hypothesized that the AMPK activation enhances bone formation around implants, resulting in the improved acquisition of osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AMPK activation on osteoblast differentiation and its mechanism of downstream signaling on titanium disc (Ti).

Methods

Confluent mouse pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were cultured with BMP-2 for osteoblast differentiation, in the presence or absence AICAR, an AMPK activator. We examined the effects of AMPK activation on osteoblast differentiation and the underlying mechanism on a Ti using a CCK8 assay, a luciferase assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and western blotting.

Results

Although the proliferation rate of osteoblasts was not different between a Ti and a tissue culture polystyrene dish, the addition of AICAR, AMPK activator slightly enhanced osteoblast proliferation on the Ti. AICAR enhanced the BMP-2-dependent transcriptional activity on the Ti, leading to upregulation in the expression of osteogenesis-associated molecules. AICAR simultaneously upregulated the expression of autophagy-associated molecules on the Ti, especially LC3-II. AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor type1/type2 activator activated AMPK, and upregulated osteogenesis-associated molecules on Ti.

Conclusions

AMPK activation enhances osteoblast differentiation on a Ti via autophagy, suggesting that it promotes the acquisition of osseointegration during implant therapy.
Patient-reported outcomes in large vessel vasculitis: insights from a retrospective analysis of disease activity and associated factors
Authors: Kernder A. , Rohde M. , Acar H. , Düsing C. , Fischer-Betz R. , Haase I. , Mucke J. , Sander O. , Richter J. G. , Filla T. , Schneider M. , Chehab G.
Published: January 2024

Background

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a crucial role in assessing rheumatic diseases, offering insights into disease evaluation and treatment efficacy. This study focuses on PRO assessment in large vessel vasculitides, including Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed routine data from patients treated at our rheumatology clinic over a 10-year span. Patient and physician-rated global disease activity scale (G-DAS) scores, measured on a numeric rating scale (0–10 points), were collected at each visit. Clinical variables like age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, lab values, pain perception, and questionnaire responses were recorded. Linear regression and generalized additive linear regression (GAM analysis) examined associations between PROs and these factors.

Results

The study included 138 patients, primarily diagnosed with GCA (94.4%). Mean follow-up was 2.5 years (0-7.7). Patient and physician G-DAS exhibited a moderate correlation (Pearson R 0.19, CI 0.14–0.24, p < 0.001). Higher patient G-DAS correlated with younger age (CI -3.4 - -1.5, p < 0.001), increased pain (CI 3.5-4, p < 0.001), functional limitations (HAQ, CI 0.5–0.6, p < 0.001), reduced physical (CI 2.3–2.7, p ≤ 0.001) and psychological well-being (CI 2.1–2.5, p < 0.001), and higher BMI (CI 1.3–2.4, p < 0.001). Physician G-DAS correlated with Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (V3.0; R 0.42, p 0.046) and were significantly linked to serum CRP elevations (β = 0.04, CI 0.0-0.08, p 0.028).

Conclusions

These findings underscore the need to integrate PRO measures into vasculitis disease management strategies, enhancing the understanding of disease activity from the patient’s perspective.
Assessing regional hepatic function changes after hypertrophy induction by radioembolisation: comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and 99mTc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy
Authors: Fabritius Matthias P. , Garlipp Benjamin , Öcal Osman , Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Amthauer Holger , Geyer Thomas , Holzgreve Adrien , Ricke Jens , Kupitz Dennis , Grosser Oliver S. , Omari Jazan , Pech Maciej , Seidensticker Max , Grawe Freba , Seidensticker Ricarda
Published: January 2024

Background

To compare Gd-ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 99mTc-labelled mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) as imaging-based liver function tests after unilateral radioembolisation (RE) in patients with primary or secondary liver malignancies.

Methods

Twenty-three patients with primary or secondary liver malignancies who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI within a prospective study (REVoluTion) were evaluated. REVoluTion was a prospective open-label, non-randomised, therapy-optimising study of patients undergoing right-sided or sequential RE for contralateral liver hypertrophy at a single centre in Germany. MRI and hepatobiliary scintigraphy were performed before RE (baseline) and 6 weeks after (follow-up). This exploratory subanalysis compared liver enhancement on hepatobiliary phase MRI normalised to the spleen (liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR)) and the muscle (liver-to-muscle ratio (LMR)) with mebrofenin uptake on HBS for the total liver (TL) and separately for the right (RLL) and left liver lobe (LLL).

Results

Mebrofenin uptake at baseline and follow-up each correlated significantly with LSR and LMR on MRI for TL (≤ 0.013) and RLL (≤ 0.049). Regarding the LLL, mebrofenin uptake correlated significantly with LMR (baseline, p = 0.013; follow-up, p = 0.004), whereas with LSR, a borderline significant correlation was only seen at follow-up (p = 0.051; p = 0.046).

Conclusion

LSRs and LMR correlate with mebrofenin uptake in HBS. This study indicates that Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and 99mTc-labelled mebrofenin HBS may equally be used to assess an increase in contralateral liver lobe function after right-sided RE.

Relevance statement

MRI may be a convenient and reliable method for assessing the future liver remnant facilitating treatment planning and monitoring of patients after RE-induced hypertrophy induction.

Key points

• Both MRI and HBS can assess liver function after RE.

• Liver enhancement on MRI correlates with mebrofenin uptake on HBS.

• MRI might be a convenient alternative for estimating future liver remnants after hypertrophy induction.

Graphical Abstract
Generalized antenna sequence spatial modulation (GASSM): a novel framework for enhanced PHY layer security and energy efficiency
Authors: Obadha Joseph A. , Akuon Peter O. , Oduol Vitalis K.
Published: January 2024

In antenna sequence spatial modulation (ASSM), the spatial and symbol domains are both used to encode information. The sequencing of the antennas’ transmissions within given time slots and the symbol carried in those time slots represent information in the spatial and symbol domains, respectively. The receiver’s task is to decode this sequence of transmission and to detect the symbol carried in the time slots, equal to the number of antennas. For better energy efficiency and greater security, we propose a generalized ASSM, GASSM. In the GASSM, while the information is contained in both the sequence and the symbols transmitted, different symbols can be transmitted within the time slots forming the frame. This expands the code domain since the symbol and the spatial information represent a longer code in the mapper table. As a special case, we present the case of three transmit antennas, transmitting within three time slots. A combination of the antennas’ sequence and the symbol carried in the time slots is used as a code for a bit sequence. Results obtained from simulation and analysis of the bit error rate performance and secrecy capacity are contrasted and presented. Comparing the GASSM to the standard spatial modulation (SM) and the ASSM, we deduce that the GASSM has a higher secrecy capacity and higher energy efficiency per bit and unlike conventional SM allows utilization of odd number of antennas.
Nipah virus strikes Kerala: recent cases and implications
Authors: Srivastava Shriyansh , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Gurjar Saurav , Kumar Sachin , Pandey Yogesh , Rustagi Sarvesh , Mohanty Aroop , Sah Ranjit
Published: January 2024

The Nipah virus, a highly pathogenic zoonotic pathogen, has once again surfaced in the state of Kerala, India, with recent cases reported in 2023. This article delves into the epidemiological details of these cases, shedding light on the two fatalities that occurred in September 2023 and August 2023 as well as the suspected cases that have undergone testing. Nipah virus, known for its severe neurological and respiratory disease manifestations, remains a formidable health threat due to the lack of specific treatments or vaccines. The government’s response to these recent cases, including mass testing and quarantine measures, is discussed, drawing lessons from past outbreaks in the region. Kerala has experienced multiple Nipah virus outbreaks since 2018, prompting a closer examination of environmental factors, such as deforestation and urbanization, which increase the risk of zoonotic transmission. This article underscores the global implications of Nipah virus resurgence in Kerala and emphasizes the importance of preparedness and vigilance in the face of emerging infectious diseases. The lessons learned from Kerala’s experience with Nipah virus outbreaks provide valuable insights for public health professionals and policymakers worldwide.
Correlation of obstructive sleep apnea severity and lipid profile level
Authors: Hendy Rasha Mohamed , Elawady Mona Ahmed , Nasr Hend Elsayed , Sarhan Rizk Sayed R.
Published: January 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by different metabolic disorders and is linked with a heightened incidence of cardiovascular diseases and death. The information actively engaged in relating obstructive sleep apnea and dyslipidemia is quite uncertain.

This research intended to determine the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea severeness and lipid profile abnormalities. Our study involved 120 cases diagnosed with OSA, who came to the chest department: at Benha University Hospital from September 2021 to December 2022. Included patients indicated for polysomnography because of suspected sleep-breathing disorders. Full history and clinical examination, and full polysomnography and blood samples for lipid profile, were done for all the cases.

Results A total of 120 patients were involved in the study. Most cases were severe OSA (70%). The mean age in severe obstructive sleep apnea was 44.04 years with SD 9.49, Males were 92.9% in severe OSA, and the mean BMI in severe OSA was 36.63 with SD 7.79. LDL was positively correlated with AHI and DI (significantly); triglycerides were positively correlated with AHI, DI, and min oxygen saturation (significantly); and HDL was negatively correlated with AHI and DI significantly. Among lipid profile variables, LDL was the most predictor for AHI severity.

Conclusion Lipid abnormalities are associated with OSA severity. Patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea should be screened for lipid profile to correct any abnormality, hoping to prevent their harmful effects.
Isolation of a feline-derived feline panleukopenia virus with an A300P substitution in the VP2 protein and confirmation of its pathogenicity in dogs
Authors: Li Jiakang , Peng Jiajia , Zeng Yue , Wang Ying , Li Luying , Cao Yiran , Cao Longlong , Chen QingXiu , Ye Zijun , Zhou Dengyuan , Cao Shengbo , Li Qiuyan
Published: January 2024

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that can infect cats and cause feline panleukopenia, which is a highly contagious and fatal disease in felines. The sequence of FPV is highly variable, and mutations in the amino acids of its capsid protein play crucial roles in altering viral virulence, immunogenicity, host selection, and other abilities. In this study, the epidemiology of FPV was studied using 746 gastrointestinal swab samples derived from cats that presented gastrointestinal symptoms specifically, diarrhea or vomiting during the period spanning from 2018 to 2022. The overall prevalence of FPV-positive patients among these samples was determined to be 45.4%. Capsid (virion) protein 2 (VP2) gene of each FPV-positive sample was sequenced and amplified, yielding 65 VP2 sequences. Among them, six VP2 gene sequences were detected in the majority of the samples test positive for FPV, and these positive samples originated from a diverse range of geographical locations. These isolates were named FPV-6, FPV-10, FPV-15, FPV-251, FPV-271 and FPV-S2. Additionally, the substitution of Ala300Pro (A300P) in VP2 was detected for the first time in feline-derived FPV (FPV-251). FPV-251 isolate, with this substitution in VP2 protein, exhibited stable proliferative capacity in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and A72 cells. FPV-271 was selected as the FPV control isolate due to its single amino acid difference from VP2 protein of FPV-251 at position 300 (FPV-271 has alanine, while FPV-251 has proline). After oral infection, both FPV-251 and FPV-271 isolates caused feline panleukopenia, which is characterized by clinical signs of enterocolitis. However, FPV-251 can infect dogs through the oral route and cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with lesions in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of infected dogs. This is the first report on the presence of an A300P substitution in VP2 protein of feline-derived FPV. Additionally, FPV isolate with a substitution of A300P at VP2 protein demonstrated efficient replication capabilities in canine cell lines and the ability to infect dogs.
A study to evaluate patient benefit/risk preferences for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) in Hong Kong: A discrete choice experiment.
Authors: Ng Chi-Fai , Hong Yeuk-Lam , Wong Kenneth C.W. , Kong Wing-Yan , Leung Chi-ho , Lai Pui-Tak
Published: January 2024

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Background: The patient’s preference for treatment is dynamic across different cultures and at various stages of cancer. Yet little is known regarding their priorities in making treatment decisions. The study's primary objective is to examine the preference weightings in terms of risk/ benefit attributes of therapy in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) patients in both the hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) and castration-resistant (mCRPC) settings. Methods: This is a non-interventional cross-sectional survey study. A discrete choice experiment was used to assess their priorities on treatment options. 300 consecutive patients with mPC (200 mHSPC and 100 mCRPC) diagnosed within 5 years were recruited from the specialty clinics of our hospital from Feb 2023 to Jul 2023. A facilitated group interview session of 5 patients was conducted to evaluate the importance and relevance of potential attributes selected from the literature search. Five attributes were adopted, and each has 3 levels compromised between real-life rates and expectations of patients from the interview session. Patients were randomized into 2 blocks by recruitment sequence and chose 1 medication profile out of 2 throughout the 9 questions in each block of the questionnaire. A mixed logit model was used for data analysis. Results: Median age was 75 (IQR:71-81). One hundred and seventy (56.7%) had no income, and 245 (81.7%) claimed to take care of themselves. The mean maximum amount affordable for treatment was US$20,456 (SD:43,568), and 160 (53.3%) said they would not consider further treatment if the cost exceeded their affordability. Compared to intravenous formulation, oral medication once/day had a non-statistically significant favorable preference (0.06 p:0.272), and oral medication twice/day had a negative statistically significant preference (-0.20 p:0.040). The percentage of retained self-care ability (4.37 p<0.001) and percentage of extension in life expectancy (2.83 p<0.001) had a statistically significant favorable preference. In contrast, the chance of adverse effects leading to complicated medication treatment or hospitalization (-6.97, p<0.001) and treatment cost (in HK$ million) (-3.14 p<0.001) had a negative statistically significant preference. The mCPRC group was more sensitive to changes in treatment cost (-3.61 vs. -2.97), percentage of extension in life expectancy (3.47 vs. 2.55) and the chance of adverse effects (-7.55 vs -6.80) than the mHSPC group. Those who could afford treatment were more sensitive to the percentage of retained self-care ability (4.89 vs. 4.02) and the chance of adverse effects (-7.57 vs -6.70) than those who could not. Conclusions: The chance of adverse effects took the largest weighting in treatment decisions, followed by the percentage of retained self-care ability.