bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locating Damage Using Integrated Global-Local Approach with Wireless Sensing System and Single-Chip Impedance Measurement Device
Authors: Lin Tzu-Hsuan , Lu Yung-Chi , Hung Shih-Lin
Published: January 2014

This study developed an integrated global-local approach for locating damage on building structures. A damage detection approach with a novel embedded frequency response function damage index (NEFDI) was proposed and embedded in the Imote2.NET-based wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) system to locate global damage. Local damage is then identified using an electromechanical impedance- (EMI-) based damage detection method. The electromechanical impedance was measured using a single-chip impedance measurement device which has the advantages of small size, low cost, and portability. The feasibility of the proposed damage detection scheme was studied with reference to a numerical example of a six-storey shear plane frame structure and a small-scale experimental steel frame. Numerical and experimental analysis using the integrated global-local SHM approach reveals that, after NEFDI indicates the approximate location of a damaged area, the EMI-based damage detection approach can then identify the detailed damage location in the structure of the building.
Tumour Immunogenicity, Antigen Presentation, and Immunological Barriers in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Escors David
Published: January 2014

Since the beginning of the 20th century, scientists have tried to stimulate the antitumour activities of the immune system to fight against cancer. However, the scientific effort devoted on the development of cancer immunotherapy has not been translated into the expected clinical success. On the contrary, classical antineoplastic treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the first line of treatment. Nevertheless, there is compelling evidence on the immunogenicity of cancer cells and the capacity of the immune system to expand cancer-specific effector cytotoxic T cells. However, the effective activation of anticancer T cell responses strongly depends on efficient tumour antigen presentation from professional antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs). Several strategies have been used to boost DC antigen presenting functions, but at the end cancer immunotherapy is not as effective as would be expected according to preclinical models. In this review, we comment on these discrepancies, focusing our attention on the contribution of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the lack of therapeutic success of DC-based cancer immunotherapy.
Analysis of Fade Dynamic at Ku-Band in Malaysia
Authors: Jong Siat Ling , D’Amico Michele , Din Jafri , Lam Hong Yin
Published: January 2014

This work investigates fade dynamics of satellite communication systems in equatorial heavy rain region based on a one year of Ku-band propagation measurement campaign carried out in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia. First order statistics of rain attenuation are deduced and the results are found to be in good agreement with those obtained from other beacon measurements gathered within the same area (Kuala Lumpur). Moreover, the fade duration and slope statistics of the satellite signal variations are also carefully derived and subsequently compared with the ITU-R recommendation model. Such information is useful for the system operator and radio communication engineer for the design of appropriate fade mitigation techniques as well as the quality of service that could be offered to the user (according to the time interval for a typical day). Further evaluation on the performances of several ITU-R models in the heavy rain region are needed based on the measurement database available of this climatic region.
Design and Control of Disc PMSM Directly Driven Wheel for Tramcar
Authors: Lu Zhenggang , Sun Xiaojie , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2014

A new solution of disc permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) directly driven wheel is proposed as a design customized for low floor tramcar. And the motors are overhung on the bogie frame to make the weight as the sprung mass. Meanwhile, the universal coupling is installed between the driven wheel and motor shaft. A disc PMSM is designed according to the demand of traction power. The motors are not only traction and steering actuators but are also regarded as sensors to obtain the rotational speed of motor directly driven wheel. Through the obtained data, an active sensorless steering control method is applied using the relative rotational speed between wheel pair. Finally, models combined with motor control and steering control are set up to check the control strategies. The simulation results indicate that sliding mode observer has the functionality of estimating the rotating speed with high accuracy for active steering control. The tramcar exhibits self-steering and better negotiation under active steering control. The tramcar is under a better condition of running along the central line of track with small attack angle and low power consumption while passing the shape curve track.
Positive Periodic Solutions for Impulsive Functional Differential Equations with Infinite Delay and Two Parameters
Authors: Luo Zhenguo , Luo Liping , Zeng Yunhui
Published: January 2014

We apply the Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem to study the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for a class of impulsive functional differential equations with infinite delay and two parameters. In particular, the presented criteria improve and generalize some related results in the literature. As an application, we study some special cases of systems, which have been studied extensively in the literature.
Whether and How to Select Inertia and Acceleration of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm: A Study on Channel Assignment
Authors: Jin Min , Zhong Xiangyuan , Zhao Xudong
Published: January 2014

There is recently a great deal of interest and excitement in understanding the role of inertia and acceleration in the motion equation of discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithms. It still remains unknown whether the inertia section should be abandoned and how to select the appropriate acceleration in order for DPSO to show the best convergence performance. Adopting channel assignment as a case study, this paper systematically conducts experimental filtering research on this issue. Compared with other channel assignment schemes, the proposed scheme and the selection of inertia and acceleration are verified to have the advantage to channel assignment in three respects of convergence rate, convergence speed, and the independency of the quality of initial solution. Furthermore, the experimental result implies that DSPO might have the best convergence performance when its motion equation includes an inertia section in a less medium weight, a bigger acceleration coefficient for global‐search optimum, and a smaller acceleration coefficient for individual‐search optimum.
Synthesis of New Blue Fluorescent Polymerizable 1,8-Naphthalimides and Their Copolymers with Styrene as Sensors for Fe(III) Cations
Authors: Grabchev Ivo , Yordanova Stanislava , Stoyanov Stanimir , Petkov Ivan
Published: January 2014

The synthesis, characterization, and functional properties of two new polymerizable 1,8-naphthalimides (MDs) have been described. Their copolymers with styrene designed to act as a fluorescence PET chemosensor have been investigated. The study also reports the influence of different metal cations (Ag+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Sr2+, Co2+, Pb2+, and Fe3+) on the fluorescence intensity of both low and high molecular weight fluorophores.
Alendronate versus Raloxifene for Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Seven Head-to-Head Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lin Tiao , Yan Shi-Gui , Cai Xun-Zi , Ying Zhi-Min , Yuan Fu-Zhen , Zuo Xi
Published: January 2014

Purpose. The aim of this study was to directly compare the efficacy and the safety of the two agents for postmenopausal women.Methods/Principal Findings. Electronic databases were searched for relevant articles that met our predefined inclusion criteria. Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 4054 women were identified and included. Although Aln was more effective than Rlx in increasing bone mineral density (BMD), no statistical differences were observed in reducing the risk of neither vertebral fractures (P=0.45) nor nonvertebral fractures (P=0.87) up to two-year followup. Aln reduced the risk of vasomotor (P=0.006) but increased the risk of diarrhea compared to Rlx (P=0.01). Our subgroup analysis further indicated the difference between Aln and Rlx in fracture risk and was not materially altered by the administration pattern, the age. The weekly strategy of Aln would further reduce the upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and might gain more bone mass increment at lumbar spine compared to its daily treatment.Conclusion. There was no evidence of difference of fracture risk reduction between Aln and Rlx. In addition, age did not obviously influence their relative antifracture efficacy. For Aln the weekly strategy would further reduce the upper GI disorders and gain more bone mass increment compared to the daily treatment. During clinical decision making, the patients’ adherence and the related side-effects associated with both drugs should also be taken into account.
Investigation on Growth, Structural, Spectral, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of an Organic Nonlinear Optical Material: Morpholinium Hydrogen Tartrate
Authors: Renugadevi R. , Kesavasamy R.
Published: January 2014

Organic nonlinear optical crystal morpholinium hydrogen tartrate (MHT), with molecular formula [C8H15NO7], has been grown by slow evaporation solution technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study confirms that MHT crystallizes in orthorhombic system with noncentrosymmetric space group P212121. FTIR spectrum was recorded to identify the various functional groups of MHT. The various kinds of protons and carbons of MHT have been identified using1H and13C NMR spectral analyses. The range of optical absorption was ascertained by recording UV-Vis-NIR spectral studies. The TG/DTA studies revealed that the grown crystal is thermally stable up to 159.26°C. The mechanical property of the grown crystal was studied using Vickers microhardness studies. The relative second harmonic generation efficiency of MHT was determined using Kurtz and Perry powder technique; it was observed to be greater than that of KDP crystal.
A National Survey of Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Pakistan
Authors: Haque Anwarul , Ladak Laila A. , Hamid Muhammad H. , Mirza Sadiq , Siddiqui Naveed R. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: January 2014

Purpose. To describe the structure, staffing resources, equipment, academic activities, and characteristics of pediatric population of pediatric intensive care units across the country.Material & Method. This was a prospective, descriptive, and observational survey of pediatric intensive care units from January to December 2009 across Pakistan. A questionnaire survey was emailed to director of each unit.Results. 16 PICUs were participated in this survey (100% response rate). A total of units with 155 beds were identified (1.1 bed /500,000 children). Regarding the categories, 12 (75%) were medical, 3 (19%) were pure cardiac intensive care units, and one unit (6%) was combined multidisciplinary cardiothoracic unit. 13 (81%) units were in public sector as compared to 3 (19%) were in private sector. The mean unit size was 9.7 (range 4–28) beds. Twelve (75%) units were located in three large cities. Only 3 (19%) units have trained intensivist. 37% (6/16) had nurse to patient ratio of 1 : 1-1 : 2 while others had ratios of 1 : 3–1 : 5 with all nurses specialized trained for pediatric intensive care units with bachelor degree or diploma in nursing. Only 50% had capacity for invasive monitoring.Conclusion. We found inadequacies in several aspects of PICUs in Pakistan including fewer PICUs, inadequate PICU beds, and lack of trained personal to look after critically ill pediatric population.
Type I Interferons: Key Players in Normal Skin and Select Cutaneous Malignancies
Authors: Ismail Aimen , Yusuf Nabiha
Published: January 2014

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of naturally existing glycoproteins known for their antiviral activity and their ability to influence the behavior of normal and transformed cell types. Type I Interferons include IFN-αand IFN-β. Currently, IFN-αhas numerous approved antitumor applications, including malignant melanoma, in which IFN-αhas been shown to increase relapse free survival. Moreover, IFN-αhas been successfully used in the intralesional treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In spite of these promising clinical results; however, there exists a paucity of knowledge on the precise anti-tumor action of IFN-α/βat the cellular and molecular levels in cutaneous malignancies such as SCC, BCC, and melanoma. This review summarizes current knowledge on the extent to which Type I IFN influences proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune function in normal skin, cutaneous SCC, BCC, and melanoma.
Stability of the Exponential Functional Equation in Riesz Algebras
Authors: Batko Bogdan
Published: January 2014

We deal with the stability of the exponential Cauchy functional equationF(x+y)=F(x)F(y)in the class of functionsF:G→Lmapping a group (G, +) into a Riesz algebraL. The main aim of this paper is to prove that the exponential Cauchy functional equation is stable in the sense of Hyers-Ulam and is not superstable in the sense of Baker. To prove the stability we use the Yosida Spectral Representation Theorem.
Histopathological Findings in Immunohistological Staining of the Granulomatous Tissue Reaction Associated with Tuberculosis
Authors: Karimi Shirin , Shamaei Masoud , Pourabdollah Mihan , Sadr Makan , Karbasi Mehrdad , Kiani Arda , Bahadori Moslem
Published: January 2014

Purpose. The histological diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a diagnostic challenge despite different methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) not only could confirm granulomatous tissue involvement but also can demonstrate MTB antigen immunolocalization. This study tries to clarify the details of immunohistochemical staining for MTB with pAbBCG.Materials/Methods. Twenty-three confirmed TB granulomatous tissue samples were studied by Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with pAbBCG. Samples were selected from the archive of the Department of Pathology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tehran, Iran.Results. IHC staining was positive in all samples, whereas Ziehl-Neelsen was positive in 9 cases out of 23 (39.1%). Tissue types used were pleural tissue, lymph nodes, and lung tissue. IHC showed positive coarse granular cytoplasmic and round, fragmented bacillary staining. In this study, epithelioid cells clearly showed more positive staining at the periphery of the granuloma rather than the center of granuloma. There is also positive staining in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages outside the granuloma.Conclusion. Considering the criteria of positive immunohistochemical staining of TB granulomatous reactions, this stain not only highlights the presence of mycobacterial antigens for tissue diagnosis, but also could morphologically localize its distribution in different cells.
Morphobiochemical Variability and Selection Strategies for the Germplasm ofDactylorhiza hatagirea(D. Don) Soo: An Endangered Medicinal Orchid
Authors: Chauhan R. S. , Nautiyal M. C. , Vashistha R. K. , Prasad P.
Published: January 2014

Dactylorhiza hatagirea(D. Don) Soo (Orchidaceae) is an important endangered medicinal herb, distributed in subalpine to alpine regions of the Himalayas. Its tubers are important constituents of many medicines and health tonics. Overexploitation for medicinal uses has decreased availability in natural habitats and this species has been enlisted as endangered, making conservation and cultivation studies necessary. Variability studies may serve as an important tool for effective conservation and for a crop improvement program. Therefore, natural populations ofD. hatagireawere analyzed for variability on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and isoenzyme patterns. The studied populations were grouped into two clusters. Existing variability among different populations opens up new areas for conservation and perspectives for a genetic improvement program forD. hatagirea.
Fear of Severe Pain Mediates Sex Differences in Pain Sensitivity Responses to Thermal Stimuli
Authors: Horn Maggie E. , Alappattu Meryl J. , Gay Charles W. , Bishop Mark
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship of sex and pain-related fear in pain intensity reports to thermal stimuli and whether sex differences in reported pain intensity were mediated by pain-related fear. 177 participants, 124 female (23.5 ± 4.5 years old), filled out a demographic and fear of pain questionnaire (FPQ-III). Experimental pain testing was performed using thermal stimuli applied to the lower extremity. Participants rated the intensity of pain using the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). Independent t-tests, Sobel’s test, and linear regression models were performed to examine the relationships between sex, fear of pain, and pain sensitivity. We found significant sex differences for thermal pain threshold temperatures (t=2.04, P=0.04) and suprathreshold pain ratings for 49°C (t=-2.12, P=0.04) and 51°C (t=-2.36, P=0.02). FPQ-severe score mediated the effect of suprathreshold pain ratings of 49° (t=2.00, P=0.05), 51° (t=2.07, P=0.04), and pain threshold temperatures (t=-2.12, P=0.03). There are differences in the pain sensitivity between sexes, but this difference may be mediated by baseline psychosocial factors such as fear of pain.
An Intra-Abdominal Pseudocyst around a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt due toStreptococcusInfection 7 Years after Shunt Surgery
Authors: Tomiyama Arata , Harashina Jun-ichi , Kimura Hitoshi , Ito Keisuke , Honda Yoshihiko , Yanai Hiroyuki , Iwabuchi Satoshi
Published: January 2014

In 1999, a 50-year-old woman underwent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery for hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. She was hospitalized for fever and recurrent systemic seizures in November 2006. Head computed tomography (CT) showed only old changes. The seizures and fever were controlled by medicinal therapy. However, in December, her consciousness level suddenly decreased, and she showed progressive lower abdominal distension. Head CT showed marked ventriculomegaly, and abdominal CT showed a giant cystic mass at the shunt-tube tip in the lower abdominal cavity. Because thick pus was aspirated from the intra-abdominal mass, we diagnosed the patient with acute obstructive hydrocephalus due to an infected abdominal pseudocyst. Laparotomy and direct cyst drainage were performed, and antibiotic therapy againstStreptococcus,the causative pathogen, was administered. The VP shunt tube was replaced. The postoperative course was uneventful, and postoperative CT showed hydrocephalus improvement and no pseudocyst recurrence. Abdominal pseudocysts, which are rare after VP shunt surgeries, usually occur after the subacute postoperative course in younger cerebral hemorrhagic cases. Our case was quite rare because the cyst developed in the chronic phase in an older patient and was caused by streptococcal infection. The cyst components should be examined before cyst drainage when choosing surgical strategies.
MG132 Ameliorates Kidney Lesions by Inhibiting the Degradation of Smad7 in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Gao Chenlin , Aqie Keri , Zhu Jianhua , Chen Guo , Xu Ling , Jiang Lan , Xu Yong
Published: January 2014

Background. Smad7 is the main negative regulatory protein in the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) downstream signaling pathway, which plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and may be related to the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP).Aim. We investigated the role of UPP in regulating TGF-β/SMAD signaling and explored the therapeutic effect of the ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor MG132 on DN.Methods. Wistar rats were randomly divided into a diabetes group and a normal control group. Rats in the diabetes group were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were then randomly divided into a diabetic nephropathy group (DN group), an MG132 high concentration (MH) group, and an MG132 low concentration (ML) group. After 8 weeks of treatment, 24-hour urinary microalbumin (UAlb), urinary protein/urinary creatinine (Up/Ucr) values, ALT, AST, Bcr, kidney damage, TGF-β, Smad7, fibronectin (FN), and Smurf2 were detected.Results. The body mass and Smad7 protein expression decreased in DN group, but kidney weight, kidney weight index, UAlb, Up/Ucr, FN and Smurf2 mRNA expression, and TGF-βprotein expression increased. However, these changes diminished following treatment with MG132, and a more pronounced effect was evident in MH group compared to ML group.Conclusion. MG132 alleviates kidney damage by inhibiting Smad7 ubiquitin degradation and TGF-βactivation in DN.
Couple of the Variational Iteration Method and Fractional-Order Legendre Functions Method for Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Yin Fukang , Song Junqiang , Leng Hongze , Lu Fengshun
Published: January 2014

We present a new numerical method to get the approximate solutions of fractional differential equations. A new operational matrix of integration for fractional-order Legendre functions (FLFs) is first derived. Then a modified variational iteration formula which can avoid “noise terms” is constructed. Finally a numerical method based on variational iteration method (VIM) and FLFs is developed for fractional differential equations (FDEs). Block-pulse functions (BPFs) are used to calculate the FLFs coefficient matrices of the nonlinear terms. Five examples are discussed to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.
Initial Feasibility and Acceptability of a Comprehensive Intervention for Methamphetamine-Using Pregnant Women in South Africa
Authors: Jones Hendrée E. , Myers Bronwyn , O’Grady Kevin E. , Gebhardt Stefan , Theron Gerhard B. , Wechsberg Wendee M.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of the present study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a women-focused intervention addressing methamphetamine use and HIV sexual risk among pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. A two-group randomized pilot study was conducted, comparing a women-focused intervention for methamphetamine use and related sexual risk behaviors to a psychoeducational condition. Participants were pregnant women who used methamphetamine regularly, had unprotected sex in the prior month, and were HIV-negative. Primary maternal outcomes were methamphetamine use in the past 30 days, frequency of unprotected sexual acts in the past 30 days, and number of antenatal obstetrical appointments attended. Primary neonatal outcomes were length of hospital stay, birth weight, and gestational age at delivery. Of the 57 women initially potentially eligible, only 4 declined to participate. Of the 36 women who were eligible and enrolled, 92% completed all four intervention sessions. Women in both conditions significantly reduced their methamphetamine use and number of unprotected sex acts. Therefore, delivering comprehensive interventions to address methamphetamine use and HIV risk behaviors among methamphetamine-using pregnant women is feasible in South Africa. Further testing of these interventions is needed to address methamphetamine use in this vulnerable population.
Influence of Bundle Diameter and Attachment Point on Kinematic Behavior in Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Computational Model
Authors: Kwon Oh Soo , Purevsuren Tserenchimed , Kim Kyungsoo , Park Won Man , Kwon Tae-Kyu , Kim Yoon Hyuk
Published: January 2014

A protocol to choose the graft diameter attachment point of each bundle has not yet been determined since they are usually dependent on a surgeon’s preference. Therefore, the influence of bundle diameters and attachment points on the kinematics of the knee joint needs to be quantitatively analyzed. A three-dimensional knee model was reconstructed with computed tomography images of a 26-year-old man. Based on the model, models of double bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction were developed. The anterior tibial translations for the anterior drawer test and the internal tibial rotation for the pivot shift test were investigated according to variation of bundle diameters and attachment points. For the model in this study, the knee kinematics after the double bundle ACL reconstruction were dependent on the attachment point and not much influenced by the bundle diameter although larger sized anterior-medial bundles provided increased stability in the knee joint. Therefore, in the clinical setting, the bundle attachment point needs to be considered prior to the bundle diameter, and the current selection method of graft diameters for both bundles appears justified.
Controller Parameters Tuning Based on Transfer Matrix Method for Multibody Systems
Authors: Hendy Hossam , Rui Xiaoting , Zhou Qinbo , Khalil Mostafa
Published: January 2014

Transfer matrix method for multibody systems (MS-TMM) is a rife method to multi-rigid-flexible-body systems dynamics model deduction due to that there are no needs to establish the global dynamics equations of the system. Its basic idea is transferring a state vector between the body input(s) and output(s); this idea is close to the linear theories in control analysis and design. In this paper, three controllers’ parameters tuning techniques for the proposed system model using MS-TMM are utilized; one technique is applied to get the stability regions via the frequency response of MS-TMM derived model. Another technique considers a classical PID controller design through the analysis of step input response of the system, and the last technique can be applied in both time and frequency domains if the model has a known mathematical model. A car suspension system is considered to represent modeling and tuning problems. In-depth study of MS-TMM with control techniques and defining the controllers’ parameters stability regions provide an opportunity to formulate a relationship between MS-TMM and control design for novel control applications due to the powerful strength of MS-TMM dealing with more complex problems of the controlled multibody systems.
Sex Differences in Peripheral Augmentation Index and Arterial Reservoir Pressure during Upper Limb Postural Shifts
Authors: Heffernan Kevin S. , Kasprowicz Ari G. , Tarzia Brendan J. , Davies Justin E. , Casey Darren P.
Published: January 2014

We examined the peripheral hemodynamic response to passive arm postural changes in young men and women. Radial artery pulse waveforms were captured using applanation tonometry in 20 men (age 27 ± 2 yrs, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2) and 20 women (age 27 ± 2 yrs, BMI 23±1 kg/m2). Arm position was maintained at either heart level or supported 14 cm above/below heart level in a randomized fashion. Systolic augmentation index (sAIx) and diastolic augmentation index (dAIx) were used as estimates of pressure from wave reflections arriving in systole and diastole, respectively. A novel reservoir-wave separation technique was used to obtain arterial reservoir pressure (pressure generated by arterial capacitance). Women showed a significant reduction in radial diastolic pressure-time integral (DPTI) (P<0.05) and reservoir pressure (P<0.05), with no change in peripheral sAIx (P>0.05) or dAIx (P>0.05) when moving the arm from below to above heart level. Conversely, men showed an attenuated change in radial DPTI (P>0.05) concomitant with significant increases in reservoir pressure (P<0.05), sAIx (P<0.05), and dAIx (P<0.05). Gravity-mediated changes in regional hemodynamics produced by passive arm postural shifts are sex specific. Men demonstrate less change in regional diastolic pressure concomitant with increased augmentation index and arterial reservoir pressure.
Fasciitis Necroticans after Elective Hernia Inguinal Surgery
Authors: Sigterman T. A. , Gorissen Kim J. , Dolmans Dennis E. J. G. J.
Published: January 2014

Necrotising fasciitis is a rare but disastrous complication after elective surgery. We present two patients (both male, 58 and 18 years old) who developed necrotising fasciitis following elective inguinal hernia repair according to Lichtenstein. The importance of both recognition and time interval between symptom occurrence and surgical intervention is illustrated, emphasising the need for immediate action when necrotising fasciitis is suspected. A high index of suspicion of necrotising fasciitis should be maintained when a wound infection is accompanied by disproportional pain, lethargy, or sepsis. Epidermolysis and subcutaneous emphysema are often very late symptoms. Recognition and immediate intervention decrease mortality and morbidity.
Classification Based on Pruning and Double Covered Rule Sets for the Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Li Shasha , Zhou Zhongmei , Wang Weiping
Published: January 2014

The Internet of things (IOT) is a hot issue in recent years. It accumulates large amounts of data by IOT users, which is a great challenge to mining useful knowledge from IOT. Classification is an effective strategy which can predict the need of users in IOT. However, many traditional rule-based classifiers cannot guarantee that all instances can be covered by at least two classification rules. Thus, these algorithms cannot achieve high accuracy in some datasets. In this paper, we propose a new rule-based classification, CDCR-P (Classification based on the Pruning and Double Covered Rule sets). CDCR-P can induce two different rule setsAandB. Every instance in training set can be covered by at least one rule not only in rule setA, but also in rule setB. In order to improve the quality of rule setB, we take measure to prune the length of rules in rule setB. Our experimental results indicate that, CDCR-P not only is feasible, but also it can achieve high accuracy.
Overexpression of the Transcription Factor MEF2D in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sustains Malignant Character by Suppressing G2–M Transition Genes
Authors: Ma Leina , Liu Jia , Liu Limei , Duan Guangjie , Wang Qingliang , Xu Yanmin , Xia Feng , Shan Juanjuan , Shen Junjie , Yang Zhi , Bie Ping , Cui Youhong , Bian Xiu-Wu , Prieto Jesus , Avila Matías A. , Qian Cheng
Published: January 2014

The underlying molecular pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma remains poorly understood. The transcription factor MEF2D promotes survival in various cell types and it seems to function as an oncogene in leukemia. However, its potential contributions to solid cancers have not been explored. In this study, we investigated MEF2D expression and function in hepatocellular carcinoma, finding that MEF2D elevation in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical specimens was associated with poor prognosis. MEF2D-positive primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells displayed a faster proliferation rate compared with MEF2D-negative cells, and silencing or promoting MEF2D expression in these settings limited or accelerated cell proliferation, respectively. Notably, MEF2D-silencing abolished hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft models. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MEF2D-silencing triggered G2–M arrest in a manner associated with direct downregulation of the cell-cycle regulatory genes RPRM, GADD45A, GADD45B, and CDKN1A. Furthermore, we identified MEF2D as an authentic target of miR-122, the reduced expression of which in hepatocellular carcinoma may be responsible for MEF2D upregulation. Together, our results identify MEF2D as a candidate oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma and a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1452–62. ©2014 AACR.
Bufalin Is a Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the Steroid Receptor Coactivators SRC-3 and SRC-1
Authors: Wang Ying , Lonard David M. , Yu Yang , Chow Dar-Chone , Palzkill Timothy G. , Wang Jin , Qi Ruogu , Matzuk Alexander J. , Song Xianzhou , Madoux Franck , Hodder Peter , Chase Peter , Griffin Patrick R. , Zhou Suoling , Liao Lan , Xu Jianming , O'Malley Bert W.
Published: January 2014

Virtually all transcription factors partner with coactivators that recruit chromatin remodeling factors and interact with the basal transcription machinery. Coactivators have been implicated in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, including the p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family composed of SRC-1 (NCOA1), SRC-2 (TIF2/GRIP1/NCOA2), and SRC-3 (AIB1/ACTR/NCOA3). Given their broad involvement in many cancers, they represent candidate molecular targets for new chemotherapeutics. Here, we report on the results of a high-throughput screening effort that identified the cardiac glycoside bufalin as a potent small-molecule inhibitor for SRC-3 and SRC-1. Bufalin strongly promoted SRC-3 protein degradation and was able to block cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations. When incorporated into a nanoparticle delivery system, bufalin was able to reduce tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer. Our work identifies bufalin as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1506–17. ©2014 AACR.
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging in a Human CD276 Expression–Modulated Murine Ovarian Cancer Model
Authors: Lutz Amelie M. , Bachawal Sunitha V. , Drescher Charles W. , Pysz Marybeth A. , Willmann Jürgen K. , Gambhir Sanjiv Sam
Published: January 2014

Purpose: To develop a mouse ovarian cancer model that allows modulating the expression levels of human vascular targets in mouse xenograft tumors and to test whether expression of CD276 during tumor angiogenesis can be visualized by molecularly targeted ultrasound in vivo.

Experimental Design: CD276-expressing MILE SVEN 1 (MS1) mouse endothelial cells were engineered and used for coinjection with 2008 human ovarian cancer cells for subcutaneous xenograft tumor induction in 15 nude mice. Fourteen control mice were injected with 2008 cells only. After confirming their binding specificity in flow chamber cell attachment studies, anti-CD276 antibody-functionalized contrast microbubbles were used for in vivo CD276-targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging.

Results: CD276-targeted ultrasound imaging signal was significantly higher (P = 0.006) in mixed MS1/2008 tumors than in control tumors. Compared with control microbubbles, the ultrasound signal using CD276-targeted microbubbles was significantly higher (P = 0.002), and blocking with purified anti-CD276 antibody significantly decreased (P = 0.0096) the signal in mixed MS1/2008 tumors. Immunofluorescence analysis of the tumor tissue confirmed higher quantitative immunofluorescence signal in mixed MS1/2008 tumors than in control 2008 only tumors, but showed not significantly different (P = 0.54) microvessel density.

Conclusions: Our novel small animal model allows for modulating the expression of human tumor–associated vascular endothelial imaging targets in a mouse host and these expression differences can be visualized noninvasively by ultrasound molecular imaging. The animal model can be applied to other human vascular targets and may facilitate the preclinical development of new imaging probes such as microbubbles targeted at human vascular markers not expressed in mice. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1313–22. ©2014 AACR.
Gene-Modified Human α/β-T Cells Expressing a Chimeric CD16-CD3ζ Receptor as Adoptively Transferable Effector Cells for Anticancer Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Authors: Ochi Fumihiro , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Tanimoto Kazushi , Asai Hiroaki , Miyazaki Yukihiro , Okamoto Sachiko , Mineno Junichi , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Shiku Hiroshi , Barrett John , Ishii Eiichi , Yasukawa Masaki
Published: January 2014

The central tumoricidal activity of anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is exerted by FcγR IIIa (CD16)–expressing effector cells in vivo via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), as observed for natural killer (NK) cells. In practice, chemotherapy-induced leukopenia and exhaustion of NK cells resulting from ADCC often hamper the clinical efficacy of cancer treatment. To circumvent this drawback, we examined in vivo the feasibility of T cells, gene-modified to express a newly generated affinity-matured (158V/V) chimeric CD16-CD3ζ receptor (cCD16ζ-T cells), as a transferable alternative effector for cancer mAb therapy. cCD16ζ-T cells were readily expandable in ex vivo culture using anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 beads and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2), and they successfully displayed ADCC-mediated tumoricidal activity in vitro. During ADCC, ligation of opsonized cancer cells to the introduced cCD16ζ-T cells stimulated the effector cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines and release toxic granules through the activation of the Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway after phosphorylation of the CD3ζ chain. In parallel, these stimulated cCD16ζ-T cells transiently proliferated and differentiated into effector memory T cells. In contrast, NK cells activated by rhIL-2 displayed similar ADCC activity, but failed to proliferate. Human cCD16ζ-T cells infused concomitantly with anti-CD20 mAb synergistically inhibited the growth of disseminated Raji cells, a CD20+ lymphoma cell line, in immunodeficient mice, whereas similarly infused rhIL-2–treated NK cells survived for a shorter time and displayed less effective tumor suppression. Our findings strongly suggest the clinical feasibility of cCD16ζ-T cells as adoptively transferable ADCC effector cells that could potentially enhance the clinical responses mediated by currently available anticancer mAbs. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(3); 249–62. ©2014 AACR.
Differences in the Maturation of Amplitude-Integrated EEG Signals in Male and Female Preterm Infants
Authors: Griesmaier Elke , Santuari Elisa , Edlinger Michael , Neubauer Vera , Waltner-Romen Maria , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
Published: January 2014

Background: The amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a valuable tool for monitoring brain function in preterm infants. Several studies have discussed sex-related differences regarding neonatal morbidity and mortality. To date, no study has been published specifically evaluating potential sex-related differences in aEEG parameters. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess sex-related differences in aEEG signals in preterm born infants without brain injury in the first 4 weeks of life. Methods: aEEG was performed at seven time points (days 1, 2, 3, weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4) and analyzed for Burdjalov total score, number of bursts per hour and visual background pattern. Patients: One hundred and fifty-six infants (85 male and 71 female) born with a gestational age between 28 and 31 completed weeks were evaluated. Results: Mean total score increased with postnatal age and ranged from 5.4 at day 1 to 11.0 at the end of the study period. The score was higher for girls at every time point, and the mean difference was between 0.3 and 0.9. The number of bursts per hour decreased over time from 8.9 at day 1 to 1.6 at the end of the study period. At week 4, the number of bursts per hour was significantly lower in girls (1.3) than in boys (2.0). Conclusion: Sex-related differences were present in aEEG signals of preterm infants. The lower total score and the higher number of bursts might express delayed brain maturation in male preterm infants.
Elective Caesarean Section Is Associated with Low Adiponectin Levels in Cord Blood
Authors: Hermansson Henriina , Hoppu Ulla , Isolauri Erika
Published: January 2014

Background: Caesarean section rates have increased in parallel with those of obesity. Decreased levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived metabolic hormone present in abundant concentrations in cord blood and breast milk, have been documented in association with obesity in children and adults. Objective: To determine whether the mode of delivery affects adiponectin concentrations in cord blood of healthy term infants. Methods: The cord blood adiponectin concentration was measured in 159 consecutive term infants, of whom 131 (82.4%) were born by vaginal delivery, 15 (9.4%) by nonelective caesarean section and 13 (8.2%) by elective caesarean section. Results: The mean adiponectin level was significantly lower in infants born by elective caesarean section compared with those born by vaginal delivery: 15.3 µg/ml (SD = 6.8) and 21.6 µg/ml (SD = 7.3), respectively (p = 0.015). This difference remained significant after adjustment for the infants' gender and birth weight as well as maternal weight and weight gain during pregnancy. Conclusion: Elective caesarean section may carry a risk of obesity independently of maternal risk factors.
Effectiveness of Bevacizumab for Radiation-Induced Cerebral Necrosis in Children
Authors: Preuss M. , Hirsch W. , Hoffmann K.T. , Bernhard M.K. , Siekmeyer M. , Kiess W. , Meixensberger J. , Wurm R.E. , Merkenschlager A.
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Bevacizumab has been reported to effectively reduce cerebral edema caused by radiation therapy. However, only limited data with a short follow-up in tumor patients are available so far. Patients and Methods: Two children suffering from hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformation (AVM) have been treated with stereotactic radiotherapy and developed radiation-induced cerebral edema with deteriorating neurological status despite maximized steroid therapy. Bevacizumab administration at 5 mg/kg body weight was initiated every 2 weeks. Results: Bevacizumab treatment rapidly ameliorated the neurological deficits, malignant edema and prevented catastrophic complications. Corticoid therapy could be reduced and discontinued. However, after 18 months, both patients showed identical or worse neurological status than before bevacizumab therapy. AVM radiation therapy had been successful to completely obliterate AVMs. Discussion: In our limited experience, bevacizumab may be an effective and safe option for rescue therapy for malignant cerebral edema on the basis of radiation-induced necrosis especially in patients who experience rapid deterioration despite corticoid therapy and/or intolerable steroid side effects. Despite the fact that functional improvement could not be achieved in long-term outcome patients significantly stabilized and improved during periods of acute deterioration. In order to determine the long-term effectiveness of bevacizumab further investigation in placebo-controlled studies with a higher number of patients are required.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy as a Bridge to Transplantation and for Recurrent Disease in the Transplanted Liver of a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mazloom Ali , Hezel Aram F. , Katz Alan W.
Published: January 2014

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), recurrent HCC is a major cause of morbidity. In this case report, we evaluate the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as a bridge to OLT and for recurrence in the transplanted liver of a patient with HCC. A 52-year-old male with a history of chronic hepatitis C presented with a 1.7-cm liver lesion radiographically consistent with HCC, which was subsequently treated with a course of SBRT to 50 Gy in 5 fractions followed by OLT in 2009. The patient had a 2.2-cm recurrence in the transplanted liver in 2012, which was treated with SBRT to 62.5 Gy in 5 fractions. He tolerated the course of radiotherapy well with no significant radiation-related toxicity and remains in complete remission approximately 1 year after SBRT. SBRT is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of recurrent HCC in the transplanted liver of the same patient initially treated with SBRT as a bridge to OLT.
Intestinal Lipid Handling
Authors: Veilleux Alain , Grenier Émilie , Marceau Picard , Carpentier André C. , Richard Denis , Levy Emile
Published: January 2014

Objective—

Animal models have evidenced the role of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein overproduction in dyslipidemia. However, few studies have confronted this issue in humans and disclosed the intrinsic mechanisms. This work aimed to establish whether intestinal insulin resistance modifies lipid and lipoprotein homeostasis in the intestine of obese subjects.

Approach and Results—

Duodenal specimens obtained from 20 obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery were paired for age, sex, and body mass index with or without insulin resistance, as defined by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Insulin signaling, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and lipoprotein assembly were assessed. The intestine of insulin-resistant subjects showed defects in insulin signaling as demonstrated by reduced protein kinase B phosphorylation and increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, likely as the result of high oxidative stress (evidenced by malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes) and inflammation (highlighted by nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and cyclooxygenase-2). Enhanced de novo lipogenesis rate and apolipoprotein B-48 biogenesis along with exaggerated triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production were observed, concomitantly with the high expression levels of liver and intestinal fatty acid–binding proteins and microsomal transfer protein. The presence of an aberrant intracellular cholesterol transport/metabolism was also suggested by the reduced expression of ATP-binding cassette A1 transporter and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.

Conclusions—

According to the present data, the small intestine may be classified as an insulin-sensitive tissue. Dysregulation of intestinal insulin signaling, possibly triggered by oxidative stress and inflammation, was associated with exaggerated lipogenesis and lipoprotein synthesis, which may represent a key mechanism for atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with metabolic syndrome.