bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation on the Yield, Vegetative Growth and Water Productivity of Onions
Authors: Pejić Borivoj , Mačkić Ksenija , Randjelović Predrag , Valtner Ivan , Gvozdanović-Varga Jelica , Bezdan Atila
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study, conducted in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, was to analyze the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation (with drip lateral placement depths of 0.05 and 0.1 m) on the yield and water productivity of onions (Allium cepa L., var. ‘Holandski žuti’). The irrigation applied was scheduled on the basis of the water balance method. The daily evapotranspiration rate was computed using the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) based on the Hargreaves equation and the crop coefficient (kc). The irrigation rate was 30 mm, whereas the amount of water added by irrigation during the season was 150 mm. According to the results obtained, the onion yield under irrigated conditions was significantly higher than that under non-irrigated (control) conditions. Differences in the yield obtained using surface and subsurface irrigation were non-significant. The amounts of water used for evapotranspiration under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions were 363 mm and 220 mm, respectively. The value of the surface irrigation yield response factor (Ky) was 0.62, whereas the values of the subsurface irrigation yield response factor (Ky) were 0.61 (0.05 m) and 0.79 (0.1 m). Consequently, onions grown from sets proved moderately sensitive to water stress under regional climate conditions and could be grown without irrigation. The value of the irrigation water use efficiency (Iwue) ranged from 3.55 to 4.97 kg m−3, whereas the value of the evapotranspiration water use efficiency (ETwue) ranged from 3.72 to 5.22 kg m−3. The highest yield of onions was obtained using a drip lateral placement depth of 0.1 m, which is recommended for high-yielding onion production.
Effect of Seed Priming Techniques on Germination Parameters of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: Jocković Milan , Čanak Petar , Miklič Vladimir , Ovuka Jelena , Radić Velimir , Jocić Siniša , Cvejić Sandra , Marjanović-Jeromela Ana
Published: August 2018

A useful approach for improving seed germination and seedling growth is a seed priming technique. Application of the priming technique enhances water absorption, causing activation of metabolic activities in the seed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming on germination parameters of safflower and to compare different priming techniques: priming by soaking and priming on filter paper. The priming treatments included hydropriming (distilled water) and osmopriming with 0.1% and 0.5% solutions of KNO3 for 8 and 16 hours. The experiment revealed significant difference between the priming treatments and the control. The highest germination (89.50%) was recorded within the priming treatments by soaking in the solution of 0.1% KNO3 and priming on filter paper moistened with 0.5% KNO3 for 8 hours. Considering germination index, mean germination time and time to 50% germination, the best results were obtained within hydropriming on filter paper for 16 hours. This study has shown that the priming techniques significantly improved germination parameters of safflower. Although priming on filter paper showed better results, the soaking technique – due to its simplicity, low cost and easiness of application – can be successfully used to improve germination parameters of safflower and increase the number of plants per unit of area and thus increase the seed yield per acreage.
Exploration of teratogenic and genotoxic effects of fruit ripening retardant Alar (Daminozide) on model organism Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Roy Sohini Singha , Begum Morium , Ghosh Sujay
Published: August 2018

Alar (Daminozide) is a plant growth regulator which is widely used as a fruit preservative for apple and mango to prevent pre-harvest fruit drop, promote color development and to delay excessive ripening. The aim of the present work was to demonstrate the effect of Alar on several life history traits, adult morphology, Hsp70 protein expression and in vivo DNA damage in the brain of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We assessed the life history and morphological traits including fecundity, developmental time, pupation height, egg-to-adult viability and mean wing length, body length, arista length and sternopleural bristle number of the emerging flies. The results showed a significant delay in the developmental milestones, increase in body length, wing length, arista length, a decrease in fecundity, pupal height and variation in sternopleural bristle number in the treated flies in comparison to the controls. Overexpression of Hsp70 protein suggests alar induced subcellular molecular stress and comet assay validates genotoxicity in the form of DNA damage in the treated larvae. Mutation screening experiment revealed induction of X lined lethal mutation.
Geochemistry and mineralogy of technogenic soils developed on old mine heaps of abandoned iron ore mines in the Ławęczna area (Holy Cross Mountains, south-central Poland)
Authors: Swęd Maciej , Niedzielski Przemysław
Published: August 2018

The article presents the results of preliminary geochemical and mineralogical studies of technogenic soils (Technosols) of abandoned iron ore mines on the Ławęczna Hill near Miedziana Góra in the Holy Cross (Świętokrzyskie) Mountains, southcentral Poland. The results of chemical analyses (XRF) were used to calculate the soil enrichment factors of arsenic, copper, iron, lead and zinc, and compare the element concentrations to their levels in uncontaminated soils across Poland and in the city of Kielce. The highest values of soil enrichment factors of metals (As 27.699, Ni 26.455, Cu 9.353, Zn 3.344, Pb 0.62) were recorded for the sand fraction composed of iron oxyhydroxides and hematite, whereas the lowest (Ni 0.22, Cu 0.069, Zn 0.007, Pb 0.028) for the clay–silt and sand fractions, which were primarily composed of calcite and quartz as well as for gravel fraction. The clay-silt fraction shows the highest enrichment in arsenic (27.69). The examined metals and arsenic show positive geochemical anomalies.
Indicators of pedogenesis of Technosols developed in an ash settling pond at the Bełchatów thermal power station (central Poland)
Authors: Uzarowicz Łukasz , Kwasowski Wojciech , Śpiewak Olga , Świtoniak Marcin
Published: August 2018

Technogenic soils (Technosols) developed in an ash settling pond at the Bełchatów thermal power station, central Poland, were studied in order to identify soil property transformations over 30 years of pedogenesis. Standard pedological methods were applied in order to determine the properties of the studied samples. All investigated soils were classified according to WRB as Spolic Technosols with various supplementary qualifiers (Alcalic/Hypereutric, Arenic/Loamic, Protocalcic, Hyperartefactic, Immisic, Laxic, Ochric, and Protosalic). The studied materials can be arranged into a chronosequence starting from fresh (unweathered) ashes, by young Technosol BE1 (age: several months), up to older Technosols BE2 (about 20 years) and BE3 (about 30 years). The studies showed that weathering and soil-forming processes changed properties of ash in soil environment. Fresh ash was characterized by high pH (11.0 – fly ash, 8.7 – bottom ash), low content of carbonates (1.5% in both samples), variable concentrations of TOC (1.2% – fly ash, 6.9% – bottom ash), and very low total nitrogen content (0.04%). Electrical conductivity (ECe) was 2.6 and 2.1 dS·m−1 in fly ash and bottom ash respectively. Young Technosol BE1 had the pH 9.2–10.0, contents of carbonates were in the range 2.4–3.3%, TOC 1.3–1.7%, and total nitrogen less than 0.03%. ECe in young Technosol was in the range 2.7–4.0 dS·m−1. There was no plant cover present on that soil and no well-developed genetic horizons were distinguished in the profile. Finally, old Technosols BE2 and BE3 had lower pH (from 7.9 up to 9.1), and, in general, higher contents of carbonates (from 1.5 to 7.9%) than fresh ash and young Technosol BE1. Old Technosols contained high concentrations of TOC (up to about 38% in Oi horizon) and total nitrogen (up to 0.9%) in the topsoil, where O and A horizons developed due to accumulation of soil organic matter. ECe in old Technosols was in the range 0.8–1.5 dS·m−1. All studied ashes and soils were characterized by very low or even absence of total potential acidity. Base cations predominated in the sorption complex of the investigated ash and soils and can be arranged in the following order according to the abundance: Ca>Mg>K>Na. Base saturation (BS) of fresh ashes and Technosols was nearly 100%. The study shows that the first indicators of pedogenesis of the studied technogenic soils within the first 30 years of formation are: (1) changes of consistence of ash material from firm to friable/very friable due to root action, (2) accumulation of soil organic matter in the topsoil and formation of O and A horizons, (3) decrease of pH, (4) formation of pedogenic carbonates in soils and (5) decrease in soil salinity.
Experimental Study of a Strip Footing under Inclined and Eccentric Load on Geogrid Reinforced Sandy Soil
Authors: Abbas Jawdat K. , Al-Zandi Mohammed A.
Published: August 2018

This study investigates the "bearing capacity" of a strip footing subjected to inclined and "eccentric load" on geogrid reinforced sandy soil by using physical modeling. The effect of each of the "depth ratio" of the first sheet of reinforcement, the vertical space ratio between consecutive sheets, number of reinforcement sheets, and the effective "depth ratio" of reinforcement on the "bearing capacity" were investigated. Also, the combined effect of load inclination angle, eccentricity ratio of the load and the relative density on the ultimate "bearing capacity" were studied. The results illustrated that by increasing the number of reinforcement sheets, the "bearing capacity" increased, but there is an optimum value (4-5). The optimum "depth ratio" of the first sheet of reinforcement was 0.35B. The optimum vertical space ratio between consecutive sheets was 0.25B. Using a test results with helping a statically analysis software program, a new easy and reliable empirical equation for computing the ultimate "bearing capacity" of the strip footing subject to inclined and eccentric load supported on geogrid reinforced sandy soil was developed.
Rainfall Data Analysis and Study of Meteorological Draught in Iraq for the Period 1970-2010
Authors: Awchi Taymoor A. , Jasim Ansam I.
Published: August 2018

This work aimed to analyze and evaluate the metrological draught in Iraq. Monthly rainfall data were collected from 22 meteorological stations scattered all over Iraq for the period 1970-2010. Various statistical tests have been performed to examine the data accuracy, e.g. Consistency test, Trend analysis, as well as homogeneity test. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Theory of Runs are used to analyze the metrological draught and evaluating the draught characteristics. SPI values have been estimated for 12-month time scale, from January to December. To analyze the drought characteristics, the accumulative deficit, drought duration and intensity for each station have been estimated. The results showed that the rainfall data series considered in the study are all consistent with negative trends except Hilla station, random except Haditha and Samawah stations and homogeneous. It was shown that the study area has been suffered from sequent drought events through nearly half of the years considered in the study, and the worst were in 1997-2001 and 2007-2010 in which extreme droughts were dominated several parts of study area.
Study the Effect of Serial Inductance on Reducing the Current Harmonic Distortion of Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier
Authors: Hasan Ghanim Thiab , Salih Muhamad Omar , Mutlaq Ali Hlal
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of adding serial inductance in AC side of the 3ph -6 pulse bridge rectifier on the reduction of harmonic distortion rate. A simulated model with serial inductance was analyzed. The 3-phase 6-pulse diode bridge rectifier was chosen because it corresponds to the operation of the 6-pulse thyristor bridge rectifier at maximum load (while keeping the angle α = 0). Both the total harmonic distortion (THDi) and the power factor (PF) for the circuit have been measured. The results obtained of the THDi has been recorded for four values of serial inductance and results was compared with the (IEEE 519-1992) standard. Comparison results indicates that for values of inductive reactance (Xi) up to 67% cause a reduction of THDi which is above the standard values, while for (Xi) more than 67% cause a reduction in THDi within the acceptable standard level. Analyzing of results prove that the adding of serial inductance at the AC side leads to good reduction in harmonic distortion rate, but with some reduction in power factor value, which results in some energy losses.
Ductility Improvement of R.C Beams with Large Web opening by using Reactive Powder Concrete Layers
Authors: Jarallah Husain Khalaf , Jassim Nidaa Qassim
Published: August 2018

In this investigation the effect of large web opening on the on the behaver of beams made by normal concrete (NC) and reactive powder concrete (RPC) have been studied. The experimental work consists of casting and testing in flexure 12 rectangular simply supported reinforced concrete beams. The main parameters of this test are opening locations and normal concrete and RPC location with is the section. The ultimate loads, cracking loads, load -deflection behavior, skew of the openings (deflection at the two opposite corners of openings) and ductility were discussed. These results showed that increase ultimate loads (Pu) and stiffness by increase RPC layers. The using RPC layers increase ultimate load about (1-30) %. Using RPC in compression fiber is found to be more effective than using RPC in tension fiber. The cracking load of hybrid beam with one layer of RPC in compression fiber (having one opening) higher than NC beams by 48.5%. The ultimate strength was decreases with increases opening about (4-21)%, thus indicating that the stiffness decreases accordingly. Hybrid beams with RPC in tension fiber failed with less crack than those for hybrid beams with RPC in compression fiber at the same number of openings. The skew at opening of flexural zone show greater values than the skew at opening in shear zone for each beam until failure. The increase in the number of openings leads to increase in the ductility because it reduces the strength of beams.
Augmented Reality Bangunan Bersejarah Berbasis Android (Studi Kasus : Istana Siak Sri Indrapura)
Authors: Labellapansa Ause , Asrining Ratri Mega Restu
Published: August 2018

Istana Siak Sri Indrapura merupakan salah satu bangunan peninggalan bersejarah yang ada di Riau yang biasa dikenal sebagai Istana Siak . Minat masyarakat terhadap bangunan bersejarah bisa saja semakin berkurang dikarenakan kurangnya informasi yang diperoleh. Hal ini tentu saja akan mengakibatkan semakin berkurang pula pengetahuan generasi yang akan datang terhadap sejarah yang ada di negeri sendiri. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan bantuan komputer melalui pembuatan aplikasi Augmented Reality (AR). AR adalah teknologi yang menggabungkan dunia nyata dengan dunia virtual. Aplikasi dengan AR ini digunakan untuk Istana Siak Sri Indrapura berbasis android sehingga dapat menarik minat masyarakat serta mempermudah masyarakat untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang Istana Siak. Cara kerja aplikasi ini adalah dengan mengarahkan kamera aplikasi ke marker yang telah tersedia sehingga menampilkan objek 3D. Marker yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada tiga buah yang menampilkan Istana Siak, Istana Siak lantai satu, dan Istana Siak lantai dua.
Penerapan Metode Round Robin Pada Jaringan Multihoming Di Computer Cluster
Authors: Arta Yudhi
Published: August 2018

Pentingnya sebuah informasi saat ini dituntut sebuah sistem sanggup memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik, khususnya pelayanan informasi dengan media website. Meningkatnya jumlah akses terhadap website mengakibatkan beban kerja webserver menjadi meningkat dan tidak bisa diatasi dengan single server. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan metode cluster load balance. Pada dasarnya cluster load balance bekerja dengan membagikan beban kerja webserver secara terdistribusi ke beberapa node server agar website menjadi seimbang. Algoritma penjadwalan weighted round robin dapat menyeimbangkan beban dengan menentukan jumlah bobot ke masing-masing node server. Dengan adanya load balance dengan menggunakan algoritma penjadwalan diharapkan mampu mencegah terjadinya request yang overload, meratakan beban kerja webserver, dan mempercepat respon time serta throughput terhadap kinerja webserver.
Prototype Pendeteksi Jumlah Orang Dalam Ruangan
Authors: Syafitri Nesi , Saputra Adri
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini berisikan tentang suatu sistem deteksi wajah pada manusia dengan menggunakan metode Viola Jones. Metode Viola Jones dikenal memiliki kecepatan dan keakuratan yang tinggi karena menggabungkan beberapa konsep (Haar Features, Integral Image, AdaBoost, dan Cascade Classifier) menjadi sebuah metode utama untuk mendeteksi objek. Banyak dari sistem deteksi tersebut menggunakan OpenCV sebagai librari deteksi objek. Hal ini dikarenakan librari OpenCV menerapkan metode Viola Jones kedalam sistem deteksinya, sehingga memudahkan dalam pembuatan sistem. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa sampel gambar sebanyak 19 citra. Dimensi sampel citra berukuran 300 x 400 pixel dan 400 x 300 pixel. Setelah sistem selesai dibuat, dilakukan pengujian sistem terhadap karakteristik wajah yang dapat dideteksi. Ketika dilakukan pengujian wajah manusia dalam keadaan frontal, sistem mampu mendeteksi dengan akurasi 100% dan waktu deteksi kurang dari 0.15 detik dan batasan jarak wajah yang dapat dideteksi adalah <= 2,3 m dari kamera. Sistem juga dapat mendeteksi adanya beberapa wajah dalam suatu citra.
Arsitektur Informasi Untuk Electronic Procurement Pada PT. Smooth Jaya Mandiri
Authors: Setiawan Panji Rachmat , Awwal Adri
Published: August 2018

PT. Smooth Jaya Mandiri merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak pada bidang Barang dan Jasa. Mereka dalam pemasarannya menawarkan mulai dari konstruksi, spesialis tower, perdaganangan umum, spesialis kompresor udara dan pengering udara, spesialis genset, spesialis pendingin, spesialis boiler, pemasangan pipa, komisioner mesin industri, pelayanan provider telekomunikasi. PT. Smooth Jaya Mandiri sendiri berusaha menjadi suatu perusahaan yang selalu bergerak maju, kreatif, inovatif serta tanggap dalam menghadapi perubahan yang terjadi. Selalu menjalin kerjasama yang sehat dengan para mitra usaha mereka agar dapat menempatkan kepuasan mitra usaha sebagai prioritas utama. Dengan latar belakang PT. Smooth Jaya Mandiri sebagai perusahaan penyedia jasa dan  pengadaan barang maka salah satu tools e-business yang tepat digunakan adalah electronic procurement terutama electronic maintenance repair and overhaul, electronic bidding, electronic purchase order, serta electronic sourcing. Arsitektur Electronic Procurement atau e-proc adalah arsitektur dari sebuah infrastruktur teknologi dan aplikasi pengadaan elektronik yang menjembatani proses bisnis pengadaan dalam transaksi bisnis – kepada – bisnis (B2B) atau Bisnis – Kepada – Konsumen (B2C). Untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan Value Chain Analysis untuk memetakan setiap aktivitas bisnis yang ada. Lalu pada aktivitas bisnis yang telah terpetakan, dilakukanlah perancangan arsitektur informasi TOGAF dan Zachman Framework. Langkah berikutnya adalah membuat prototype untuk yang kemudian dilanjutkan perhitungan Business Process Improvement pada ruang lingkup yang ditentukan.
Aplikasi Mobile Zagiyan ( Zaringan Digital Nelayan) Dalam Menunjang Produktivitas Dan Keselamatan, Dan Kesehatan Nelayan ( Studi Kasus Kelompok Nelayan Percut)
Authors: Harumy Henny Febriana , Amrul Hanifah M.Z.N
Published: August 2018

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari aplikasi  ini adalah mengoptimalkan Aplikasi Mobile Zagiyan ( Zaringan Digital Nelayan)   Dalam Menunjang Produktivitas Dan Keselamatan, Dan Kesehatan Nelayan ( Studi Kasus Kelompok Nelayan Percut) . Target utama Pengabdian ini adalah mengimplementasikan  software dan system aplikasi mobile Zagiyan  denganberbagai fitur seperti Fitur Harga ikan, Laporan Pendapatam , Info koperasi , info puskesmas, check in, report , panic dan lain lain. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah Nelayan mengenal aplikasi android  Zagiyan untuk Peningkatan  produktivitas, keselamatan dan kesehatan masyarakat pesisir. Tingkat Keakuratan aplikasi ini mencapai 90% . Aplikasi ini juga telah diterapkan di beberapa daerha yaitu Bagan Deli dan Percut .Aplikasi ini diharapkan menjadi solusi bagi seluruh nelayan Indonesia.
Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text through Cognitive Strategy
Authors: Etfita Fauzul
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to explain the extent to which cognitive strategy can improve the students’ reading comprehension and what factors that influence the changes of the students’ reading ability by implementing cognitive strategy. This research was a classroom action research which consists of two cycles and four meetings of each cycle. Three meetings for teaching reading comprehension of descriptive text by using cognitive strategy and another meeting for reading comprehension of descriptive text test. The research was conducted from April, 30 2013 up to May, 30 2013. The instrument used to collect the data were reading comprehension of descriptive text test, observation sheets, field notes, and interview which were helped by a collaborator. The finding revealed that the implementation of cognitive strategy could better improve students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text at grade VII-2 of SMPN 1 Indra Praja Tembilahan. The improvement was confirmed by the increasing average students’ score, the average score of students in cycle I was 70,72 and in cycle II was 78,10. The factors that influence the students’ reading comprehension during the application of cognitive strategy were the materials, the students’ reading  motivation, and the teacher’s role to students. Finally, the classroom action research by using cognitive strategy could improve the students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text at grade VII-2 SMPN 1 Indra Praja Tembilahan.
Correlation Inquiry between Structure Knowledge and Paragraphs Writing Performance
Authors: Amri Samsul
Published: August 2018

This paper aims at investigating the correlative aspect between two variables; structure knowledge and writing performance. It comes up in analyzing the theories and results of some studies that structure knowledge would or would not emphasize in writing performance. It indicates that this phenomenon is being still debated now on. On the sake of this purpose, the research methodology used is correlation design, where it took all the second semester students English Study Program of FKIP- Islamic University of Indragiri as sample. In collecting data, there are two kinds of instrumentation tests; structure knowledge and writing performance tests. While analyzing the data, the researcher used Pearson Product Moment correlation statistical analysis. The finding of the study reveals that there is a positive correlation between the students’ structure knowledge and their writing performance. It is obviously proven that the coefficient correlation is 0.84, which is categorized as high correlation. After testing the hypothesis, the researcher could determine that there is a significant correlation between two variables, since the critical value of rxy is greater than the critical value of rtable in significant level 5%; (rxy = 0.84 > rtable = 0.227). It emphasizes that null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted. It infers that who want to have better writing performance should learn structure.
A Study on Listening Skills and Perspectives to First Year Students at English Department of Academic Year 2015/2016
Authors: Hadijah Sitti , Shalawati Shalawati
Published: August 2018

Good ability in listening means having competence to comprehend information during listening activities. However, Listening skill is still considered as one of the most difficult skills for English language learners although they have been learning English for few years. Hence, this study was designed to gather information about the students’ challenges in listening activities, their perspectives on listening subject, and positive factors on the students’ success in listening. Then, a set of listening test and questionnaire were distributed. Both quantitative and qualitative data were studied to identify the underlying matters in students’ listening skills, addressing challenges, main listening hindrance factors and learning experiences. The findings of this study revealed that the students faced problems in listening because they still could not complete the basic listening skills in the test. Furthermore, Most of them considered that the listening classes are challenging for them due to some problems and difficulties during the teaching and learning activities. Besides that, there were 5 factors influenced the students’ listening skill; lack of practice, limited vocabulary mastery, native speakers’ accent, pronunciation, and uninteresting learning materials. Moreover, their knowledge about English structure and good facilities in listening classes supported them to be able to figure out some challenges in listening activities. In addition, the students realized the important of the listening activities, but assistances from the teachers and some other students were still needed during the teaching and learning activities. In conclusion, having good listening skill still appeared as a challenge for the first year students at English Department of Academic Year 2015/2016.
Analysis of Unity and Coherence in Writing Scientific Essay at the Fifth Semester Students of English Department FKIP UNILAK 2016/2017 Academic Year.
Authors: Abbas M. Fadhly Farhry , Herdi Herdi
Published: August 2018

This research is based on the needs to analyze and evaluate students’ ability in applying unity and coherence aspect in a scientific essay. This is because unity and coherence aspect become important thing in a paragraph, essay, or other kinds of composition. This research aims at analyzing students’ ability in applying unity and coherence aspect in a scientific essay. 52 students at semester 5in 2016/2017 academic year of English Education Department Faculty of Teachers Training and Education University of Lancang Kuning were the participants in this study. Test and interview were used to collect the data. The data from the test was analyzed by using scoring rubric and the data from the interview was explained descriptively. The result showed that the students’ ability in applying unity and coherence was categorized into good level. The students’ average score was 74.9. Furthermore, from the interview, it can be stated that students were able to write an essay well with good unity and coherence. It was basically influenced by good understanding about unity and coherence. Then, the students did writing practice at leisure time more and more. In conclusion, it can be stated that the students’ ability in applying unity and coherence in writing a scientific essay is in good level with average score 74.9.
The Influence of Grammar and Vocabulary Mastery on Students’ Reading Comprehension at Language Development Center of UIN SUSKA RIAU
Authors: Muharni Muharni
Published: August 2018

The aims of the research were to find out the influences among the variables; (1) to find out the influence of grammar mastery on the students’ reading comprehension, (2) to find out the influence of vocabulary mastery on the students’ reading comprehension, and (3)to find out the influence of grammar (X1) and vocabulary mastery on the students’ reading comprehension. The design of this research was a corelational research. The population was 150 the second level students of Language Development Center of UIN SUSKA Riau and 90 students were taken clusterly as samples. In collecting data, multiple choice tests were used as intruments. In the result of analysing data,Pearson Product Moment Correlation (SPSS 20) was used. The first finding of the research indicated that there was a positive influence between X1 and Y variables which was proved by two ways in interpreting the result of correlation where the value rxy=0.811 was between 0.800 – 1.00 meant very high influence and by comparing the value of rxy =0.811 with ttable was 0.205<0.811>0.267 that meant the rxy was a higher influence than ttable. The second finding, there was a positive influence between X2 and Y variables which was showed by two ways in interpreting the result of correlation where the value rxy=0.735 was between 0.600 – 0.800, that meant high influence and by comparing the value of rxy with ttable  was 0.205<0.735>0.267 that meant rxy was higher than ttable. The last finding, there was a positive influence between X1, X2 and Y variables altogether which was proved by two ways in interpreting the result of correlation where the value was between 0.800 – 1.00, that meant very high influence and by comparing the value of with ttable was “0.205<0.82969>0.267” that meant was higher than ttable.
The Effect of Using Online Reading Resources toward Students' Reading Comprehension in Extensive Reading Class
Authors: Satriani Estika
Published: August 2018

The students at the Second Semester of English Study Program of FKIP-UIR  Pekanbaru have problem in reading comprehension. The aim of this research is to find out whether Online Reading Resources has significant effect towards students’ reading comprehension in extensive reading class. The design of the research was experimental research which focused on quantitative approach. The participants of the research were the second semester students of English Study Program of FKIP-UIR Pekanbaru. There are two classes as the samples of this research; experimental group and control group. Each of the group consisted of 31 students. The instruments of this research was reading test. Experimental group was provided with pre-test, treatment, and post-test. Meanwhile control group only given pre-test, and post-test. The finding showed that the mean score in pre- test was 57.25 and post test was 78.07, the improvement was 20.8 for experimental group. Meanwhile for control group in pre-test, the students got the mean score 58.07, and in post-test got 64.67, improvement was 6.61. It could be stated that there is significant effect of online reading resources after getting treatment. In calculation of analysis tt (t table) on the level of significant 5% found 0.361, and to was 7.1. It could be seen a comparison was 7.1>0.361or (to>tt). It means that the null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted. It can be stated there is a significant effect of students’ reading comprehension in extensive reading class after using online reading resource in teaching and learning reading at the second semester of English Study program FKIP-UIR Pekanbaru.
Field Trip Strategy in Enhancing Writing Descriptive Text
Authors: Rugaiyah Rugaiyah
Published: August 2018

Field-based learning has long been used by teachers to enhance students learning. Futher, Field trips are recognized as important moments in learning; a shared social experience that provides the opportunity for students to encounter and explore novel things in an authentic setting. The need to develop an effective environmental education program ranks as one of the major challenges facing education in the next decade. This paper is focused on analyzing the effectiveness of field trips strategy on students’ writing descriptive text for a group of 30 students of second  semester of FKIP UIR Pekanbaru in academic year 2016/2017 who were selected by using random sampling. The data were collected by giving test (pre-test and post-test) This study used experimental reseacrch, used by the Mann-Whitney U t-test. The normality of the test was analysed through Kolmogorov-Smirnova..The instruments used in this study were lesson plans and writing descriptive text tests. Regarding the data analysis, mean, percentage and Mann-Whitney U test scores for the dependent sample were employed. The result of statistc indicated that the asymptotic significance of less than  0.05 (p = 0.00 < 0.05). it means the students’  ability in writing descriptive text increased significantly after learning with fild trip strategy.
DNA Detection Using Programmed Bilayer Nanopores
Authors: Balasubramanian Ramkumar , Pal Sohini , Joshi Himanshu , Chakraborty Banani , Naik Akshay , Varma Manoj , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: August 2018

Pore-functionalization has been explored by several groups as a strategy to control DNA translocation through solid-state nanopores. Here we present a hybrid nanopore system consisting of single-layer graphene and a DNA origami layer to achieve base-selective control of DNA translocation rate through aligned nanopores of the two layers. This is achieved by incorporating unpaired dangling bases called overhangs to the origami near the pore region. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to optimize the design of the origami nanopore and the overhangs. Specifically, we considered the influence of the number and spatial distribution of overhangs on translocation times. The simulations revealed that specific interactions between the overhangs and the translocating single stranded DNA resulted in base-specific residence times.
Meme kanserli hastalarda progresif gevşeme egzersizlerinin kemoterapi semptomlarına etkisi: Literatür derlemesi
Authors: Kurt Berna , KAPUCU Sevgisun
Published: August 2018

Meme kanseri, dünyada görülme sıklığı açısından artış gösteren
sağlık sorunlarından biridir ve kadınlar arasında en sık görülen kanser
türüdür. Meme kanserinin tedavisinde kullanılan kemoterapi ilaçları, kanserli
hücreleri yok etmenin yanı sıra, normal olan sağlıklı hücrelere de zarar
verdiğinden, hastalarda pek çok yan etkiye neden olmaktadır. Ağrı, yorgunluk,
bulantı kusma, anksiyete, depresyon, iştahsızlık, uyku problemleri, cilt ve
tırnak değişiklikleri, nefes darlığı, ağız ülserleri ve kas ve sinir sistemine
ait yan etkiler gibi önemli semptomlar hastaların yaşam kalitesini olumsuz
etkilemektedir. Kemoterapiye bağlı semptomların yönetiminde, farmakolojik
tedavilerin yanı sıra çok sayıda farmakolojik olmayan yaklaşımlar da
kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden biri de kolay öğrenilen, maliyet
gerektirmeyen ve yan etkileri olmayan gevşeme egzersizleridir. Literatürde yapılan çalışmalara göre; progresif gevşeme
egzersizlerinin, meme kanserli hastalarda kemoterapi semptomlarının şiddetini
azaltmada olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Hastaların semptom şiddetlerinin
kontrol altına alınması ile biyopsikososyal iyi olma durumlarının arttırdığı
görülmektedir. Bu literatür derlemesindeki amaç; hemşireleri, gevşeme
egzersizleri ve kemoterapi semptom yönetimi konusunda bilgilendirmek ve literatüre
katkı sağlamaktır.
Tom's Letters: The Private World of Thomas King, Victorian Gentleman.
Authors: Byrnes Giselle M.
Published: August 2018

Letters from the Private World of Thomas King, Victorian Gentleman
Determination of low chlorine content in organic compounds and polymers using an «Expert-006» coulometer
Authors: Kitaeva D. Kh. , Buyanovskaya A. G. , Levinskaya O. A. , Dzvonkovski S. L.
Published: August 2018

A method of visual mercurimetric titration of chloride ions is widely used in elemental microanalysis for determination of chlorine content in organic substances after their combustion in an oxygen-filled flask. However, when chlorine content is less than 0.5%, the mercurimetric method fails to provide essential accuracy, and a more sensitive method of chlorine coulometric titration by electrogenerated silver ions appeared favorable. We consider a possibility of determining the microgram content of chloride-ions in solutions using a digital coulometric analyzer («Expert-006» produced by «Econics-Expert» (Moscow)) supplemented with an electrolytic cell with silver electrodes. The coulometer was tested in different operation modes to select the optimal electrochemical parameters of ion chloride titration and develop a technique for coulometric determination of chloride ions which in combination with the preliminary burning of the analyzed substances in an oxygen-filled flask provides determination of the residual chlorine in organic matrices at a level of 0.1 – 0.5%. The proposed technique was used to determine the residual chlorine in a number of polymers. The relative error did not exceed 5% at chlorine concentrations of 0.16 – 0.28%.
Study of melting and crystallization of Cu – P alloy using a universal vacuum viscometer and thermal analysis
Authors: Ananyin V. M. , Morokhov P. V. , Kalin B. A. , Kuzmin R. S. , Sevryukov O. N.
Published: August 2018

Methods of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and measurement of the melt viscosity are widely used in studying the properties of alloys at high temperatures. We have made an attempt to combine those two complementary methods of research. In contrast to the single-stranded Shvidkovskii viscometer, a bifilar suspension on two thermocouple wires is used in the proposed construction of the installation. The system based on the bifilar suspension provides using thermocouple in contact with the crucible with a sample, thus ensuring measurements of the crucible temperature like the measuring cell in DTA. The adjusting thermocouple located near the coil of a bifilar heater is used as a reference thermocouple. Since thermal analysis requires linear heating at a constant rate, and the viscosity is usually measured in a steady-state (steady-state) regime with long exposures at each measurement temperature, a series of dynamic viscosity determinations with a heating rate of 1, 2, 3 and 5 °C/min is carried out, the heating rates of 1 and 2 °C/min being approximately equal to the average heating rate under steady-state conditions. It is shown that when measuring in a dynamic mode at a heating rate up to 3 °C/min, the viscosity curves coincide with the measurement data in a steady-state mode, and the results of the thermal analysis (experimental setup) are consistent with the data of DTA (STA 409 setup). Results of measuring the logarithmic decrement of vibrations for Cu – 7.3% P alloy and data of thermal analysis are presented. Data of thermal analysis obtained on our experimental setup coincide completely with the DTA results obtained on a STA 409 unit. A model experiment carried out to explain the delay of growth of the logarithmic damping decrement at the beginning of melting and sharp decrease at the beginning of crystallization indicates to the effect of blocking free flow of the liquid melt component by the solid skeleton having a higher melting point.
Editorial
Authors: Ribeiro dos Santos Cristiano Henrique
Published: August 2018

Editorial
Creative Reading Terhadap Dongeng Untuk Penulisan Puisi
Authors: Pramulia Pana
Published: August 2018

Menulis karya sastra, khususnya puisi membutuhkan kecermatan dalam memotret realitas dan harus memiliki pengetahuan kompleks tentang kehidupan, serta penulis puisi harus mempunyai daya perenungan yang kuat. Artinya, penulis puisi atau penyair dituntut sebagai pembaca aktif, karena dari pembacaan aktif penyair akan mempunyai pengetahuan yang holistik. Bagi penulis puisi pemula, menulis puisi merupakan hal yang tidak mudah, maka dibutuhkan teknik khusus. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan, yaitu teknik creative reading. Teknik creative reading adalah teknik membaca untuk melahirkan kembali sebuah teks setelah pembaca mengalami transformasi. Teknik tersebut digunakan mahasiswa PGSD Unipa Surabaya angkatan 2014 untuk menulis puisi berdasarkan pembacaan dongeng secara intensif. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua model, yaitu dalam bentuk hard file (kertas) dan soft file yang dikirimkan ke surat elektronik. Karya puisi mahasiswa setelah menggunakan teknik creative reading dikatakan baik, karena dapat memahami tahapan dan karakter teknik tersebut dengan baik pula
Tax Incidence by Income Classes in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Muhammad Hussain , Saqib Najam Us
Published: August 2018

In this study an attempt has been made to estimate the
incidence of federal taxes, for the fiscal year 1978·79, on households
belonging to different incomebrackets. All the major direct and indirect
taxes have been studied. The tax system turns out to be slightly
progressive for the country as a whole. For urban areas, it is slightly
progressive, and for rural areas it is slightly regressive. Indirect
taxes, a major source of the federal government tax revenue, are
generally slightly regressive.
The Estimation of the Grant Element of Loans Reconsidered
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan Yassin
Published: August 2018

This paper examines critically the formulae which are frequently used in the calculations of the grant element of loans. Given the formula derived by Beenhakker (1976), which has been expanded into a more general form, the grant element of foreign assistance received by the Sudan during the period 1958-1979 is calculated. The grant element· was found to be low, reflecting hard terms of borrowing.
The Multiple Effects of Procurement Price on Production and Procurement of Wheat in Pakistan
Authors: Thomas C. Pinckney
Published: August 2018

An increase in the procurement price affects government procurement of wheat in at least four ways. Properly estimating the total effect requires taking account of both the direct effects of an increased share of marketed surplus being procured and the indirect effects through the impact on production, marketed surplus, and the wholesale price. Estimates are that a real one-rupee increase per 40 kilograms - approximately 1.25 percent - will raise procurement by about 90 thousand tons.
Female Employment and Fertility: Further Investigation of an Ambivalent Association
Authors: Zeba A. Sathar  , Shahnaz Kazi
Published: August 2018

This study of the relationship between female employment and fertility is based on a survey of 1000 ever-married women in Karachi. A distinct pattern of differentials in actual performance and in desired fertility is observed across working and non-working women. Working women are not a homogeneous group, and the differences across six broad occupational groups of working women are more marked than those between working and non-working women. Women in higher status occupations marry much later than and have half the completed family size of - those women working in lower status occupations. The fertility of non-working women lies somewhere in between these two groups. Some reasons for the fertility differentials found are identified in variations in point of entry into the labour force relative to the stage in child-bearing, in expectations from sons in old age support, and in relative facility in seeking means of fertility control. Working women in higher status occupations also have better chances of their children surviving, whereas women in lower status occupations suffer a greater toll of child deaths.
Monetary Approach to Balance of Payments: The Evidence on Reserve Flow from Pakistan
Authors: Faiz Bilquees
Published: August 2018

The monetary approach to balance-of-payments theory suggests that balance of payments defecits are related to disequilibrium in the international money market and, as such, involve a flow of international reserves. A cross-section study of 39 IDCs, including Pakistan, validates the MABOPs theory for the analySiS of balance of payments of these countries despite the absence of underlying assumptions in these countries. It is contended that while it may be possible to obtain significant'results on a cross-section basis, the individual country data for many of these IDes may not validate the MABOPs theory, mainly due to the absence of underlying assumptions, due to significantly heterogenous economic structures in many of these countries, and due to the common prevalence of restrictive financial policies in a large number of LDCs. In this paper the propositions of the MABOPs theory are tested for Pakistan only, using the same model as applied to 39 LDCs on a crosssection basis. The results show that reserves movement in Pakistan cannot be explained by the version of MABOPs theory.
Allocative Efficiency of Cropshare Cultivation: Interpreting the Empirical Evidence
Authors: M. A. Taslim
Published: August 2018

Because of the simultaneity problems raised by supervision problems, and the low opportunity cost of labour which may induce an inverse size-productivity relationship in agriculture, tests requiring a comparison of the productivity of farmers or farms of different tenure groups tend to be biased. Even a comparison of the performance of farmers of different tenure groups, though of the same size, may not necessarily yield unbiased results. The paired t-test, which involves comparing the performance of the owner· tenants on their own and cropshare land, has been found to be the most satisfactory method of comparing the effiCiency of crop share tenancy with that of owner cultivation. The study also suggests some disciplining influence imparted by a better choice of tenant and threat of eviction, preventing the tenants from wasting the rental land.
Explanations for High Levels of Infant Mortality in Pakistan - A Dissenting View
Authors: Akbar Zaidi
Published: August 2018

Over the years, as social scientists and economists have become critical of simply using the GNP per capita statistic as the major indicator for the level of development, especially in the case of underdeveloped countries, other more sensitive indicators, which reflect a broader range than does the GNP per capita, have begun to be preferred. One of the most important indicators to replace or supplement the GNP per capita concept is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) statistic. The importance of this indicator as a reflector of the level of development is further enhanced when one considers the fact that it was one of the three indicators chosen by Morris (1979) for his monumental Physical Quality of Ufe Index. Thus, the careful observation over time of the IMR is an important, albeit still crude, sign for the way a country is progressing. And given this importance, it becomes one of the main targets which needs to be addressed by policy-makers. However, before one is able to implement measures that bring this rate down, i.e., pushing the 'policy package', it is necessary to study carefully the actual causes that result in the high rate. Seeking tlxplanations for a high level of infant mortality, thus, becomes an important objective. The paper by Sathar (1987) is an attempt to do so.