bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktywność turystyczna: międzynarodowe i krajowe zróżnicowanie oraz kwestia wykluczenia społecznego
Authors: Alejziak Wiesław
Published: April 2022

W artykule przedstawiono międzynarodowe i krajowe zróżnicowania aktywności turystycznej ludności. W pierwszym przypadku skupiono się na analizach dotyczących ogólnego poziomu uczestnictwa w turystyce, wyrażanego w tzw. stopie aktywności turystycznej, natomiast w odniesieniu do mieszkańców Polski dokonano analiz zróżnicowania tej aktywności w różnych przekrojach społecznodemograficznych. Do porównań międzynarodowych wykorzystano szeroko zakrojone badania, przeprowadzone przez EUROSTAT w 2011 r., na reprezentatywnych próbach narodowych mieszkańców 32 krajów europejskich (w tym Polski). Zróżnicowanie społeczne oraz kwestię aktywności turystycznej Polaków w kontekście wykluczenia społecznego przedstawiono natomiast na podstawie własnych obliczeń. W przeprowadzonych analizach statystycznych posłużono się współczynnikiem korelacji rangowej TauB-Kendalla oraz analizą skupień.
Rola działań proekologicznych w kształtowaniu produktu turystycznego
Authors: Niezgoda Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

Celem autorki artykułu jest próba prześledzenia działań proekologicznych, jakie mogą być podejmowane przez różne podmioty kształtujące produkt turystyczny. Szczególna uwaga zostanie poświęcona turystom, których zachowanie wpływa nie tylko na produkt turystyczny zastany w miejscu docelowym, ale również na przyszłe działania usługodawców. Zaprezentowano pojęcie świadomości ekologicznej, jej związek z koncepcją turystyki zrównoważonej i ekoturystyki, a także przedstawiono problemy, jakie wynikają z mody na produkty ekologiczne.
Bitwa Łódzka z 1914 roku jako szansa na rozwój militarnej turystyki kulturowej w metropolitalnym regionie turystycznym Łodzi
Authors: Bończak Bartosz
Published: April 2022

Wojny były i wciąż są nieodłącznym elementem historii ludzkości. Przynosząc chwałę zwycięzcom, gorycz porażki pokonanym, a zwykłym ludziom zawsze zniszczenie i cierpienie jednocześnie wpływały i kształtowały ludzką kulturę. W wielu miejscach na świecie, również w Polsce, pamiątki po wojnach, pola bitew, fortyfikacje czy sprzęt wojskowy stają się unikatowymi zabytkami i przekształcają w niezwykłą atrakcję przyciągającą turystów. Ten typ turystyki nazywany jest militarną turystyką kulturową. W Łodzi i okolicach również można odnaleźć wiele obiektów militarnych mogących stanowić potencjalną atrakcję. Wiążą się one głównie z ogromną, choć zapomnianą Bitwą Łódzką, która rozegrała się w czasie I wojny światowej. Czy jednak są one na tyle atrakcyjne, żeby w oparciu o nie tworzyć produkt turystyczny?
Molecular genetic testing in colon cancer: clinical aspects
Authors: Martianov Aleksandr S. , Kuligina Ekaterina Sh. , Romanko Alexandr A. , Imyanitov Evgeny N.
Published: April 2022

Molecular genetic diagnostics is an essential element to plan for management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The choice of systemic treatment for CRC is impossible without molecular testing of the tumor. For instance, the assessment of the KRAS and NRAS genes is mandatory for consideration of anti-EGFR agents. Tumors with BRAF V600E mutation are characterized by aggressive behavior, the necessity of intensive cytostatic regimens, as well as by sensitivity to combination therapy with BRAF and EGFR inhibitors. Inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair, the MUTYH gene or DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) leads to an excessive tumor mutational burden; these CRC types are highly immunogenic and therefore respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some colorectal carcinomas are characterized by overexpression of the HER2 oncogene, which make them sensitive to corresponding target therapies. There are CRCs with clinical signs of hereditary predisposition, which require germline genetic testing. Nowadays the molecular diagnosis of CRC is being seriously modified due to worldwide implementation of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and hypersensitive variants of polymerase chain reaction, for example, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Non-invasive liquid biopsy is an example of another highly useful innovation that has growing importance for CRC screening, control of surgical intervention efficacy and monitoring of the disease course.
Survival analysis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Novosibirsk region from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Chernova Galina E. , Kozlov Vadim V. , Gulyaeva Lyudmila F.
Published: April 2022

Rationale: Lung cancer is the leader in high mortality rates among other malignancies. This is largely due to the asymptomatic course of the disease and, as a consequence, to its late diagnosis. To optimize the oncology service of the Novosibirsk region in terms of diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and management of this patient category, it seems prudent to study the epidemiological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with consideration of its histologic types.
Aim: To perform the survival analysis in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) and adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) depending on their age, sex and disease stage.
Materials and methods: We analyzed medical files of patients diagnosed with SCLC (n = 3007) and ACL (n = 3049) who were treated in the Novosibirsk Regional Oncologic Dispensary from 2015 to 2019. The study included 4758 men and 1298 women (mean age, 68 years; men 66.8 years, women 69.1 years).
Results: The majority (96%) of the NSCLC patients were above 50 years of age. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with SCLC and ACL was below 20%. Median survival of the SCLC patients was 443 days (interquartile range [IQR] 138; 1241), of those with ACL, 552 (IQR 107; 1511) days. At the diagnosis of NSCLC, 67% of the patients had stage III/IV of the disease. Maximal survival (10 to 15 years) was found in the NSCLC patients aged 61 years who had been diagnosed at stage III of the disease. Testing of the hypothesis on the impact of histological type of NSCLC on survival at a particular disease stage (Wilcoxon-Gehan test for unpaired samples) showed an association between the survival and histological type only for stage IV (p = 0.000001); median survival in ACL IV was 80 days and in SCLC IV, 104 days.
Men comprised 87% of the SCLC group and 73% of the ACL one. In SCLC, there was no gender difference in the median survival rates (log rank test, p = 0.48). The median survival of the female patients with ACL was longer than that of the male ones (329 vs 169 days, log rank test, p = 0.000001).
The major proportion of the SCLC and ACL patients was in the age range of 61 to 75 years (59% and 50%, respectively). The least favorable outcomes were seen in the patients below 50 years of age, and the most favorable, in those above 75 years. In SCLC, the median survival was 156 days in the patients below 50 years of age, 238.5 days in those aged from 51 to 60 years, 300 days in the age of 61 to 75 years, and 487 days in the patients above 75 years of age (chi-square test 98.77097; df = 3; p = 0.000001). In ACL, the respective values were 143, 201, 210.5, and 230 days (chi-square test 23.93492; df = 3; p = 0.00003).
Conclusion: The analysis of survival of the patients with SCLC and ACL in the Novosibirsk region has shown that the disease stage and age significantly impact the median survival. These are the characteristic features of the general morbidity and mortality from NSCLC.
Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhabina Albina S. , Moiseenko Fedor V. , Volkov Nikita M. , Abduloeva Nuriniso Kh. , Egorenkov Vitaliy V. , Levchenko Natalya V. , Artemeva Elizaveta V. , Stepanova Ekaterina O. , Nesterova Ekaterina O. , Moiseyenko Vladimir M.
Published: April 2022

Background: Iron has dual properties: it may promote both tumor growth and cell apoptosis. Compared to healthy cells, cancer cells are more dependent on the iron levels. Ferroptosis can be triggered directly in cancer cells, which would result in their self-destruction. Identification of iron balance abnormalities and their correction could impact the effects of specific treatments in cancer patients.
Aim: To assess the prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and to identify an association of low serum iron levels with clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease.
Materials and methods: The study included 69 treatment-nave patients with mCRC. Iron deficiency was defined as low serum iron levels before the initiation of any specific therapy: serum iron concentration 10.7 mcmol/L in men and 9.0 mcmol/L in women.
Results: The mean age of the mCRC patients was 61.1 years (range, 28 to 83 years), 35/69 (50.7%) were men. The bigger proportion of the tumors was left-sided (62.3%). In 48.3% of the patients, the disease was diagnosed at the metastatic stage. The most frequent locations of metastasis were liver (41.3%) and lungs (32.1%). 55.1% (38/69) of the patients had undergone a non-radical resection or primary curative surgery. KRAS mutations were found in 37.7% of the patients. Low serum iron levels were found in 53.6% (37/69) of the total sample of the mCRC patients and in 72.4% (19/38) of the patients with a non-resected primary tumor (p = 0.05).
Conclusion: Irrespective on the clinical and morphological characteristics, the majority of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer have iron deficiency anemia before the initiation of specific anti-tumor therapy.
МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ РУД СОХАТИНОГО ЗОЛОТОРУДНОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ (СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОК АЗИИ, РОССИЯ)
Authors: Тимкин Тимофей Васильевич , Ворошилов Валерий Гаврилович , Юркова Мария Викторовна , Ziaii Mansour
Published: April 2022

Ссылка для цитирования: Минералогия руд Сохатиного золоторудного месторождения (северо-восток Азии, Россия) / Т.В. Тимкин, В.Г. Ворошилов, М.В. Юркова,  Mansour Ziaii // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2022. – Т. 333. – № 4. – С. 53-65.

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью расширения минерально-сырьевой базы действующих золотодобывающих предприятий Восточной Якутии и Магаданской области. Цель: изучение минералогии руд Сохатиного золоторудного месторождения и установление последовательности минералообразования. Методы: топоминералогическое картирование руд и метасоматитов; изучение прозрачных, прозрачно-полированных и полированных шлифов (Carl Zeiss Axio Imager.A2m.); сканирующая электронная микроскопия с локальным энергодисперсионным анализом (TESCAN VEGA 3 SBU с ЭДС OXFORD X-Max 50); рентгенодифракционный анализ (Rigaku Ultima IV), масс-спектрометрический с индуктивно связанной плазмой анализ, геофизические (каппаметрия). Результаты. Установлено, что гипогенная золоторудная минерализация на месторождении Сохатиное представлена жильно-прожилковыми телами кварц-карбонат-сульфидного состава, приуроченными к зонам мезотермальных метасоматитов пропилит-березитового ряда. Минерализация развивается на сопряжении пологопадающих надвиговых зон и крутопадающих поперечных разрывов. Вмещающая среда представлена метаморфитами фации зеленых сланцев: амфибол-биотит-полевошпатовыми и мусковит-кварцевыми сланцами, подвергшимися процессам проопилитизации. В результате проведенных исследований изучен минералогический состав руд и метасоматитов, определена последовательность рудоотложения; проведено морфологическое описание самородного золота; выявлены новые минералы (аркубисит, селеноаркубисит, висмутин, сервеллеит, матильдит, шапбахит, науманнит, клаусталит, гессит), не описанные на Сохатином месторождении ранее. Отложение рудных минералов шло в три ступени, которым соответствуют следующие минеральные ассоциации: 1) кварц-карбонат-барит-пиритовая; 2) золото-полиметаллическая; 3) золото-висмут-теллуридная. Концентрация золота возрастает от ранних парагенезисов к поздним. В гипергенных условиях вдоль рудных зон сформировались линейные коры выветривания глинистого состава с максимальными концентрациями золота. Золото в окисленных рудах более высокопробное, в значительной степени очищенное от примесей серебра и других элементов.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ «БЕЗ УЧИТЕЛЯ» ДЛЯ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ ПРИХВАТОВ БУРИЛЬНОЙ И ОБСАДНОЙ КОЛОНН
Authors: Щербаков Роман Эдуардович , Ковалев Артем Владимирович
Published: April 2022

Ссылка для цитирования: Щербаков Р.Э., Ковалев А.В. Использование методов машинного обучения «без учителя» для предупреждения прихватов бурильной и обсадной колонн // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2022. – Т. 333. – № 4. – С. 66-78.

Актуальность. С каждым годом истощение легкодоступных запасов углеводородов определяет необходимость разработки месторождений, характеризующихся сложными горно-геологическими условиями. Строительство скважин в данных условиях часто сопровождается различными осложнениями и авариями. Повышенные риски их возникновения обусловлены усложнением конструкции скважины, траектории ствола, а также недостаточно достоверными данными о горно-геологических условиях бурения. Прихват бурильной или обсадной колонны является одной из самых сложных аварий, которая оказывает существенное влияние на эффективность бурения и стоимость строительства скважины. Зачастую при возникновении прихвата требуется проведение дорогостоящих мероприятий по его ликвидации. В настоящее время признаки прихвата определяются по параметрам бурения инженерным составом, однако ввиду особенностей человеческого восприятия и сменного режима работы это происходит несвоевременно. Недостатки используемого в настоящий момент подхода предопределили использование алгоритмов машинного обучения. Интеллектуальная система может автоматически анализировать тенденции изменения параметров бурения, обнаруживать аномалии в реальном времени, заблаговременно прогнозировать вероятность возникновения аварии и предупреждать инженера по бурению на ранней стадии, что позволит реализовать превентивные мероприятия до того, как колонна будет прихвачена. Цель: создание алгоритма, позволяющего прогнозировать вероятность возникновения прихвата бурильной или обсадной колонны в процессе бурения скважины на основании анализа данных геолого-технологических исследований. Методы: анализ современных достижений в области определения аномалий во временных рядах при помощи алгоритмов машинного обучения; создание алгоритма прогнозирования прихвата на языке программирования Python с использованием библиотек с открытым исходным кодом. Результаты. Авторами разработан алгоритм прогнозирования прихвата, проведена оценка его эффективности на тестовой выборке, а также масштабируемость на прочие аварии и осложнения, возникающие в процессе бурения. Определены перспективные направления дальнейших исследований.
​​Effect of Different Doses of Panchgavya on Productivity of Moth Bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal]
Authors: Choudhary Manju , Dudwal B.L. , Choudhary Roshan , Choudhary Mahipal Singh , Choudhary Sanju , Dhayal Suman , Garg Kamal
Published: April 2022

Background: The panchgavya, an liquid organic manure has the potential to play the role in promoting growth and providing immunity in the plant system, resulting in increased overall yields. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the fertilization effect of panchgavya on growth, yield and qualitative traits of moth bean in semi-arid environment. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan to study the effect of different levels of Panchgavya (2.5%, 5% and 7.5% each at 20 DAS (days after sowing), 35 DAS and 20 DAS + 35 DAS, respectively) on growth and yield of mothbean. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications comprising of 10 treatments. Result: Application of 5% Panchgavya at 20 DAS + 35 DAS in mothbean resulted in significantly higher grain yield and net return in comparison to control. Thus, the study recommended the correct concentration of Panchgavya (5%) for enhancing moth bean productivity in the Rajasthan and similar eco-regions elsewhere for nutritional security.
Model Matematika Vibrasi Dawai Dikenai Massa yang Berjalan di Atasnya
Authors: Janah Miftakul , Kusumastuti Ari
Published: April 2022

This study discusses the formulation of a mathematical model of string vibration when subjected to mass. There are two variables resulting from the formulation of the model, namely the deflection of the string  and the angle of the string . The deflection of the string  and the angle of the string .  are affected by the friction force, tension force, spring force, and gravity. Then the identification of the working potential and kinetic energy is carried out to obtain the Lagrange equation of the deflection and angle of the string. Based on the formulation steps that have been described, the mathematical model obtained is an ordinary differential equation of the order of one to the power of two. Furthermore, the model is calculated numerically by assigning values to the parameters involved. So it is known that with a string mass of 0.005 kg, 0.05 kg, 0.5 kg, a string mass of 0.075 kg, and an object radius of 0.07 m, it is known that the deflection of the string  is greater if the object's mass is greater. While the angle of the string is in a state of equilibrium before being subjected to a mass and experiencing vibration after being subjected to a mass.
Analisis Dinamik Model Matematika Penyebaran COVID-19 Pada Populasi SEIR
Authors: Meyliana Ester , Kusumastuti Ari , Juhari Juhari
Published: April 2022

This study discusses the dynamic analysis of the mathematical model of the spread of COVID-19 using daily cases in Indonesia which are classified into four variables, namely, Susceptible (S), Exposed (E), Infected (I), and Recovered (R) which are then analyzed dynamically by calculate the equilibrium point and look for stability properties. The two equilibrium points of this model are the disease-free equilibrium point  and the endemic equilibrium point . Then, it is linearized around the equilibrium point using the given parameters. Linearization around the equilibrium point  produces four eigenvalues, one of which is positive. Linearization around the equilibrium point  yields two negative real eigenvalues and a pair of complex eigenvalues with negative real parts. Phase portraits and numerical simulations have shown that all variables S, E, I, and R will be asymptotically stable locally towards the equilibrium point, namely the endemic equilibrium point . Thus, based on the dynamic analysis obtained, it is shown that the disease-free equilibrium point  is unstable and the endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable.
Publishing Evidence: APRA’s Contribution to Knowledge on the Pathways to Inclusive Agricultural Commercialisation in Africa
Authors: Whiteside Martin
Published: April 2022

Overall, it is considered that the Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA) programme has contributed a significant body of additional, rigorous, trusted and accessible published knowledge on the effect of agrarian change on women, youth and poorer households, which is both available and being accessed. In relation to performance indicators, APRA has massively overachieved its publications and download numbers. It has exceeded its stakeholder-assessed quality benchmark and looks set to meet its peer-reviewed publication target. This Working Paper explores APRA's contribution to published knowledge, the significance of this contribution, its accessibility and the lessons to be learned from the programme's experiences.
The Political Economy of Agricultural Commercialisation: Insights from Crop Value Chain Studies in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Naess Lars Otto , Chinsinga Blessings
Published: April 2022

Agricultural commercialisation is seen as one of the most important avenues for fundamental structural transformation and development in sub-Saharan Africa, and is assumed to help enhance a wide array of household welfare indicators among rural households whose livelihoods directly derive from agriculture. Over recent years, sub-Saharan African countries have experimented with different models of agricultural commercialisation but, while there have been some success stories, the performance track record of agricultural commercialisation has generally been dismal. While there is a growing literature on drivers and obstacles for commercialisation at regional and national levels, less is known about how these factors play out in particular value chains, where there is still a need to better understand what drives or hinders the success of commercialisation. A set of APRA studies were carried out to address this gap, exploring the dynamics of crop value chains as a way of understanding the drivers, obstacles and pathways to agricultural commercialisation. A total of 11 case studies were carried out over 2020–21 in six countries, namely Ethiopia (rice), Ghana (oil palm and cocoa), Malawi (groundnuts), Nigeria (maize, cocoa and rice), Tanzania (rice and sunflower) and Zimbabwe (tobacco and maize). This briefing paper summarises some of the key findings from these studies.
The Impacts of Covid-19 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Myanmar
Authors: Ko Ko Thant , May Oo Khaing
Published: April 2022

In Myanmar, almost one in ten children are engaged in child labour and more than half of the working children are doing hazardous work. The Covid-19 pandemic and responses to it have far-reaching social and economic consequences for vulnerable populations, including children in the worst forms of child labour (WFCL). This report examines how working children including those in WFCL and their families in Hlaingtharya, Yangon, Myanmar experienced the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic and how it intersects with existing vulnerabilities to affect their incomes and livelihoods, living and working conditions, food security, housing stability, physical and mental wellbeing, and engagement in WFCL. It also explores how the pandemic has affected child protection systems and support networks that provide services for children and vulnerable families. In addition, the paper identifies knowledge and policy gaps related to WFCL and recommendations to tackle WFCL in Myanmar.
The Impact of Endemic Iris taochia Ethanolic Extracts on Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: KANDEMİR Nezahat , ÇELİKOĞLU Emine , KANDEMİR Şevket , ÇELİKOĞLU Umut , İDİL Önder , VEJSELOVA SEZER Canan , KUTLU Hatice Mehtap
Published: April 2022

Iris taochia is an elegant endemic plant in Türkiye and it has limited distribution. In this study, cytotoxic effects of ethanolic extracts from different parts and concentrations extracted from I. taochia collected from the surroundings of Tortum (Erzurum), on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line were investigated. Cytotoxicity of extracts were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) method. Apopototic activity of IC50 values of extracts were evaluated with Annexin V and Caspase 3/7 assays. Ultrastructural changes of IC50 doses treated cells were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. As a result, it was determined that ethanol extract of I. taochia showed significant cytotoxic activity on A549 cells after 24 hours the extract a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. IC50 values of above and below ground parts ethanolic extracts were determined as 7 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml respectively. Specifically, apoptosis inducing effect was increased at 7 and 20 µg/ml concentrations by 24 hours. We found that I. taochia ethanol extracts had antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on the human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549. However, further studies at molecular level are required to support our findings and to elucidate chemoproteventive and chemotherapeutic effects of I. taochia on lung cancer.
Angiogenesis and osteopontin expression in paraskeletal myeloma with plasmablastic morphology and aggressive clinical course: a report of two cases
Authors: Valković Toni , Damić Marija Stanić , Valković Frane , Jonjić Nives
Published: April 2022

Extramedullary disease (EMD) of multiple myeloma (MM) can present as paraskeletal (paraosseous) plasmocytoma (PP) that arise from skeletal focal lesions or extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) that derive from hematogenous spread. The pathogenetic mechanisms that distinguish classical MM, PP, and EMP are still insufficiently known, as are the therapies that would be effective in EMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemically the angiogenesis, determined as microvessel density (MVD) and osteopontin expression in PP, of two patients with MM of plasmablastic morphology and an aggressive course of disease. We found high levels of MVD and osteopontin expression in both cases of PP. The role of angiogenesis and osteopontin in EMD should be clarified in future investigations, especially since there are no satisfactory therapeutic protocols for this form of multiple myeloma, and both of these biological factors can be the potential targets of new therapies.
Extraction and Pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis of polyethylene in samples with medium to high lipid content
Authors: Rauert Cassandra , Pan Yufei , Okoffo Elvis D. , O’Brien Jake W. , Thomas Kevin V.
Published: April 2022

While it is recognised that humans are constantly exposed to plastics, there are limitations in understanding the extent of this exposure, particularly dietary exposure. This lack of information is partly due to challenges with the analysis of complicated matrices. This study aimed to assess the impact of medium to high lipid content (> 3%) food samples on the accurate quantification of polyethylene (PE), using pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and develop an alternative sample processing strategy. Analysis of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats was demonstrated to form the same pyrolysis products as PE, producing a significant interference hindering quantification. An extraction protocol was developed that involves enzyme digestion to break the lipids into smaller chain fatty acids, removal of these interferences with pressurised liquid extraction washes, before a final extraction of the PE by pressurised liquid extraction. This new method was validated through the analysis of three medium- to high-fat content foods: cow’s milk, eggs and lamb meat, where PE recoveries were acceptable (104% to 127%). Method detection limits were also significantly reduced from 1.9 to 0.05 µg/injection (380 to 10 µg/g) with the new protocol, through the removal of matrix background. PE traces were observed in the three food matrices of 72-240 µg/g, significantly reduced as compared to samples extracted with the old method where concentrations of 12-32 mg/g were calculated, demonstrating the potential for overestimation of dietary exposure. Finally, a simple protocol is reported for future studies to (i) determine if an interference is present and (ii) sample processing methods to remove identified interferences.
The Influence of Electronic Commerce on International Trade and Development Strategy
Authors: Ju Kaidi
Published: April 2022

Since the 21st century, the rapid development of e-commerce and its application in the field of international trade have greatly impacted the original basic structure of international trade. E-commerce is like a double-edged sword, which brings great challenges while having a positive impact on it.The development of e-commerce mode not only affects the traditional way of trade, but also brings it the opportunity of transformation and innovation. Meanwhile, it also enriches the form of international trade. In order to study the new products of this era, this article will prove the influence of e-commerce on international trade and its development strategies.
Research on the Identification Standard of Public Body in the Sense of ASCM
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: April 2022

Under the trend of economic globalization, the foreign import and export trade of all countries in the world is bound to be more prosperous in the end. More than 40 years ago, an old man overcame all the opinions and made a major historical strategic choice to implement reform and opening up. After that, China also continued to implement the "going global" strategy. However, in the foreign trade of China's state-owned enterprises, they were frequently subjected to countervailing investigations by some countries importing raw materials and products led by the United States. These countries often identify Chinese state-owned enterprises as public body in their countervailing decisions, which has greatly damaged the interests of Chinese state-owned enterprises. In the identification of subsidy measures, the identification of "public body" has become an important part, which leads to the problem of how to identify "public body". On this basis, this paper first introduces the relevant background to clarify the importance of the identification standards of "public body", then systematically explains and evaluates the relevant identification standards existing in WTO practice, and finally puts forward its own suggestions for the improvement of the existing identification standards of "public body" and Chinese Countermeasures on this basis.
The Cause and Significance of Legal Elements in Bleak House
Authors: Yu Huimin
Published: April 2022

Bleak House, as Dickens' outstanding “legal novel”, is often regarded as an important research text by many jurists and litterateurs. With the rise of the Law and Literature movement, scholars pay more attention to the interaction between the legal description in Bleak House and the law in reality.The legal elements of the novel revolve around three main cases. Firstly, through combing, it is found that the criticism of the Court of Chancery in Bleak House is more metaphorical and literal language expressed through literary devices, rather than pointing out the specific legal procedures or provisions that lead to the delay and pedantry of the Court of Chancery. As a novelist, however, Dickens was not obliged to pass judgment on specific laws. Then, we find that the way he writes is related to his life experience. Through the study of Dickens' relationship with law and the Court of Chancery, this paper reveals the relationship between Dickens and the Court of Chancery, and shows the emotional root of the novel's serious denial of the judicial system and the Court of Chancery. Finally, this paper deeply analyzes the realistic significance of Bleak House, expounds the influence of law on the novel, and analyzes the influence on society and the rule of law from the positive side and the negative side.
Review and Prospect of Leader Humor Research
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: April 2022

Leader humor is a new type of leadership that integrates humorous behavior into leadership. It is characterized by breaking the traditional dogmatic management and aims to adopt humorous and interesting interactive ways to manage and stimulate the benign behaviors of subordinates. Although the research on leader humor has made some progress in both theoretical and empirical aspects, people gradually begin to pay attention to the overview of leader humor. Through literature review, this paper summarizes some outcome variables of leader humor, and analyzes the positive effects of different types of leader humor from measurement. Finally, the essential difference between the leader humor and the leader humor duality, how to choose the mediating variable, how to choose the Y variable and how to choose the moderating variable are discussed. This paper launches the research from the perspective of the positive role of leader humor, and provides a systematic and in-depth research framework and ideas on related issues.
ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA DAS PREPARAÇÕES DE CARDÁPIO EM UM RESTAURANTE UNIVERSITÁRIO: IMPACTO DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE GÊNEROS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Muniz Pereira Dalva , Nascimento Oliveira Jadson Vinícius , Muniz Pereira Cecília Teresa
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar qualitativamente o cardápio oferecido para estudantes da Educação Básica de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino antes e após a utilização de gêneros da agricultura familiar através do método Análise Qualitativa das Preparações de Cardápio-AQPC. O instrumento de pesquisa foi o cardápio referente às preparações de almoço oferecidos nos períodos 2018.2 e 2019.1 de um Restaurante Universitário terceirizado. A avaliação do cardápio foi realizada por meio do método AQPC e também de acordo com as recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Os dados foram tabulados em relação ao número total de dias dos cardápios analisados.  Foi verificado que o cardápio 2019.1, que passou a utilizar frutas, verduras e hortaliças oriundas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar através da Agricultura Familiar, apresentou melhoras nos parâmetros oferta de frutas, oferta de doces e oferta de doce + frituras. Houve um aumento da presença de frutas, que foi ofertada em 100% dos dias e exclusão da oferta de doces. A utilização do método AQPC se mostrou uma ferramenta útil para verificar a qualidade dos cardápios oferecidos na UAN avaliada, confirmando que a utilização de gêneros da agricultura familiar melhorou a oferta de frutas e hortaliças.
Evaluasi empat tahun pakto
Authors: Sutalaksana Dahlan M
Published: April 2022

Sejak dilaksanakannya paket kebijaksanaan Oktober 27, 1998 san paket pendukung lainnya, perekonomian Indonesia telah mengalami masa boom dan kemudian meningginya suhu perekonomian.
Peranan Jepang dalam Sektor Luar Negeri Indonesia
Authors: Prapti Endang Sih
Published: April 2022

Kasus mobil nasional (mobnas) mengguncang hubungan bilateral Indonesia dengan negara-negara produsen eksportir mobil yang selama ini menjadi pemasok ke Indonesia, khususnya Jepang. Jepang menuduh Indonesia melakukan praktek diskriminasi yang bertentangan denganketentuan perdagangan bebas WTO (World Trade Organization). Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk melihat apakah Indonesia perlu menanggapi tuduhan tersebut secara serius.  "Retaliasi Jepang" merupakan solusi natural Jepang terhadap kasus mobnas, yang perlu diantisipasi Indonesia. Keseriusan permasalahan yang akan dihadapi Indonesia merupakan fungsi dari ukuran dampak "retalisasi Jepang" tersebut terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, melalui dampaknya terhadap sektor luar negeri Indonesia. Tentu saja, Indonesia juga dapat membalas melakukan "retaliasi balik" kepada Jepang.Berdasarkan kajian pada tulisan ini, pada kenyataannya hipotesa terbukti bahwa peranan Jepang adalah crucial bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Untuk itu kasus mobnas merupakan kasus yang perlu ditanggapi dengan hati-hati dan penuh perhitungan. MeskipunIndonesia juga merupakan mitra ekonomi yang sangat penting bagi Jepang, namun demikian penjelasan di atas menunjukkan bahwa "retaliasi Jepang" yang mungkin timbul akibat penanganan kasus mobnas yang kurang bijaksana dapat menimbulkan dampak yang cukup serius bagi Indonesia, baik melalui hutang, bantuan pembangunan, maupun perdagangan luar negeri. Oleh sebab itu usul Indonesia dalam agenda acara APEC di Teluk Subic, Filipina tentang liberalisasi otomotif merupakan indikasi kedewasaan Indonesia dalam menangani kemelut kasus mobil nasional.
Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Pekerjaan Sampingan Masyarakat Pedesaan
Authors: Suseno Priyonggo
Published: April 2022

Pergeseran tenaga kerja dari sektor pertanian menuju non pertanian lambat laun pasti terjadi, khususnya di daerah pedesaan. Akan tetapi pergeseran itu membutuhkan rentang waktu.Tidak setiap petani siap untuk berpindah kerja ke sektor lain. Sektor industri kecil menjawab sebagian pertanyaan tersebut. Namun dalam proses pergeseran itu, ternyata adanya pekerjaan sampingan membawa peran penting dalam membantu masyarakat pedesaan menuju perubahan. Disamping itu, kehadiran sistem kredit pedesaan dan peluang usaha baru di pedesaan cukup membantu masyarakat desa meningkatkan taraf hidupnya. Penelitian ini menjawab seberapa pentingnya pekerjaan sampingan dalam kehidupan pedesaan, dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhinya.
Otonomi Daerah dan Kinerja Aparatur Pemerintah Daerah Tingkat II
Authors: Hakim Abdul
Published: April 2022

Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah sudah lama dicita-citakan dengan diberlakukannya UU No. 5 Tahun 1974. Tetapi karena berbagai kendala, maka pelaksanaan otonomi tersebut tertunda selama kurang lebih 20 tahun (tahun 1974 sampai dengan tahun 1995). Diantara berbagai kendala yang ada, factor kemampuan aparatur pemerintah dianggap merupakan kendala utama dan bersifat substansial, yaitu merupakan tumpuan bagi kendala-kendala yang lain. Mengingat posisi penting faktor sumber daya manusia (aparatur pemerintah daerah) ini, maka penelitian akan dipusatkan pada dinamika (perubahan) kinerja aparatur pemerintah daerah dengan adanya otonomi daerah tersebut.Bertumpu pada masalah utama tersebut, makalah ini bermaksud mengamati pengaruh uji-coba pelaksanaan otonomi daerah di Kabupaten Sleman terhadap kinerja aparatur pemerintahannya. Kinerja aparatur pemerintah daerah akan didekati dengan kriteria efisiensi dan efektifitas aparatur tersebut, sedang alat analisanya bertumpu pada analisis Likert (Method of Summated Ratings).Hasil studi menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara kedua variabel, yaitu pelaksanaan otonomi daerah sebagai variabel bebas dan kinerja aparatur pemerintah daerah sebagai variabel tak bebas. Pengujian terhadap sejumlah sampel yang diambil memberikan hasil seperti yang diharapkan, yaitu uji-coba pelaksanaan otonomi daerah meningkatkan kinerja aparatur pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Sleman.
Relevansi adopsi manajemen Jepang dalam kerangka pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan industrialisasi di Indonesia: Pendekatan proses dan keterkaitan ekonomi
Authors: Muhadi Akhmad
Published: April 2022

TheJapanese transplants in Indonesia have been playing an important role on the process of industrialization in Indonesia. As the "World class" plants, theysupport to the establishment of the Indonesian's industrial performance. They characterized by their best production system based on the technology and the high quality and productivity based on the human resource development system. It is proved that those systems created such value chain by producing product in high competitive advantages in the world market. By adopting the Japanese Management. Indonesia which has low-cost labor, will create strategic advantages perform in technology with low-cost production'. As for Indonesian Government, the competitive advantages are the important aspects for anticipating the Free Trade Market system in 2003 according to AFTA agreement, and also APECagreement in 2020. Nowadays. Indonesian Government's Second Long-run Development Program has been holding the key concept: Human Resource Development Here, the discussion about the human resource development strategy on the Japanese transplants in Indonesia will come up. especially in the process of adoption of the Japanese Management.
Teknologi produksi non-pertanian sebagai motor penggerak pembangunan perdesaan: Sebuah studi pustaka
Authors: Dewanta Awan Setya
Published: April 2022

Economic development centered in the urban areas has increased migration from rural areas to urban areas dramatically. As a consequence, labor force and farmland became scarce. Although this circumstance has risen productivity of the farmer, the fact is that the prosperity of the farmer is still not fulfilled sustainable yet. It is evoked by the price inelasticity of the crops. Therefore, wehave to develop non-agricultural and non-rural technologies. Some research in several countries based on both the evolutionary development theory and Haymer and Resnick's development models (1969) that has been developed, at least showed that indeed the change of non-agricultural production technology could increased prosperity rather than agricultural production technology. It means that the change ofnon agricultural technology can be used as an activator motor in agricultural development. The realization of it will at once return rural areas as an economic areas again.
Sistem multi level marketing: Alternatif pemasaran bisnis eceran di Indonesia
Authors: Ekasasi Sri Rejeki
Published: April 2022

Indonesia merupakan pasar potensial bagi bisnis eceran (retail), mengingat bisnis eceran menjangkau langsung konsumen akhir sebagai pasar sasarannya. Dengan 188juta penduduk dan jumlah kelas menengah (the rising middle class) yang semakin memiliki daya beli, maka hal itu jelas berpengaruh pada prospek bisnis eceran.
Prospek dan upaya penyelesaian kredit macet
Authors: Purwosuprodjo Trenggono
Published: April 2022

Sebelum membahas masalah perkreditan, ada baiknya bila kita memahami terlebih dahulu fungsi serta kedudukan dari lembaga perbankan dalam kegiatan perekonomian suatu negara. Lembaga perbankan mempunyai fungsi sebagai lembaga perantara (intermediary institution) yang menghubungkan pihak-pihak yang kelebihan dana dengan pihak yang kekurangan dana.
Analisis peran total factor productivity pada industri manufaktur Indonesia
Authors: Arsyad Lincoln , Salam Mursal
Published: April 2022

In the last 15 years, Indonesia's manufacturing sector has performed a very fast rate of growth. The question is what factors caused the rate of growth, increasing resource use or technology driven?
MACRO ECONOMICS FACTORS AND BANK LENDING BEHAVIOUR IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rokhim Rofikoh , Rusli Yinylia
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the influencing macro economics factor in lending distribution and observes the comparison of each factor based on lending type which are investment, working capital and domestic consumption lending. Using data of Indonesian commercial banks between 2003-2011 and a balanced panel method, it finds that bank liquidity and inflation rate have significant negative effect, while number of banks has strong positive influence to stimulate lending distribution. Moreover, saving rate and GDP growth were found not meaningfully contributed to change investment lending distribution, but they significantly influenced the other lending distribution. Lastly, reserve requirement and exchange rate did not significantly influence all lending type.Keywords: Loan, interest rate, growth, GDP.JEL Classification Numbers: G21, E43, E51AbstrakStudi ini meneliti faktor ekonomi makro yang mempengaruhi distribusi pinjaman dan mengamati perbandingan masing-masing faktor berdasarkan jenis pinjaman yaitu pinjaman investasi, modal kerja dan konsumsi. Dengan menggunakan data dari bank-bank komersial di Indonesia antara 2003-2011, dengan menggunakan analisis data panel, ditemukan bahwa likuiditas perbankan dan tingkat inflasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan, sedangkan jumlah bank berpengaruh positif dan kuat untuk mendorong distribusi pinjaman pada semua jenis pinjaman. Selain itu, tingkat tabungan dan pertumbuhan PDB ditemukan tidak bermakna dalam kontribusinya untuk mempengaruhi distribusi kredit investasi, tetapi secara signifikan mempengaruhi distribusi pinjaman lainnya. Terakhir, GWM dan nilai tukar tidak signifikan mempengaruhi semua tiga kategori jenis pinjaman. Keywords: Loan, interest rate, growth, GDPJEL Classification Numbers: G21, E43, E51
THE FEASIBILITY OF FINANCING INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS BY ISLAMIC BANKS
Authors: Pramuka Bambang Agus
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper identifies the profile of migrant workers located in Banyumas regency, assesses the financial feasibility of the scheme, and gauges the viability of the migrant workers financing from conventional and Islamic banks’ perspectives. The samples comprises potential migrant workers, ex-migrant workers and their relatives. The nature of the study is descriptive qualitative where both primary and secondary data were analysed during the study. The result of the study indicates that financing migrant workers to work abroad is economically desirable for both conventional and Islamic banks. Either mode of financing, Islamic and conventional, are advantageous to the Indonesian workers who want to work abroad. Keywords: Feasibility study, financing, migrant workers, Islamic banks JEL classification numbers: G21, G29AbstrakMakalah ini mengidentifikasi profil pekerja migran di kabupaten Banyumas, menaksir kelayakan keuangan dari skema tersebut, dan memperkirakan kelayakan pembiyaan para pekerja migran dari perspektif bank islam dan bank konvensional. Sampel yang digunakan terdiri dari para pekerja migran potensial, bekas pekerja migran, serta keluarga mereka. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan baik data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan terhadap para pekerja migran untuk bekerja di luar negeri secara ekonomis adalah layak baik dari pserspektif bank islam maupun bank konvensional. Baik mode pembiayaan islam maupun konvensional memberikan keuntungan bagi para pekerja Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri.Kata kunci: Studi kelayakan, pembiayaan, pekerja migran, bank islamJEL classification numbers: G21, G29
Faktor penentu country risk negara-negara berkembang
Authors: Sartono R Agus
Published: April 2022

Krisis utang luar negeri yang dihadapi negara-negara sedang berkembang menyita perhatian khusus para ekonom, banker, dan politisi. Banker dari negara-negara donor dipertanyakan kemampuannya dlam menganalisa resiko negara-negara penerima dana.
"Bagi hasil" dalam Bank Islam: Beban (biaya) atau bukan?
Authors: Adnan M. Akhyar
Published: April 2022

Kehadiran Bank Islam di bumi Indonesia masih sangat baru. Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI)  misalnya, baru berdiri pada 1 Nopember 1991, dan resmi beroperasi pada tanggal 1 Mei 1992 (BMI 1993, h. 18-19). Selain BMI, sampai saat ini belum ada Bank Islam lainnya yang beroperasi di Indonesia,kecuali 9 Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) yang bertebaran di berbagai tempat (Adnan, 1994).
Dampak liberalisasi finansial Indonesia dan Korea Selatan terhadap perekonomian: Sebuah studi komparasi
Authors: Anto M. B. Hendrie
Published: April 2022

Economy recovery in Indonesia is a little slower than that of Korea. One important factor of the problem is the condition of financial sectors where the financial sector in Korea is healthier than that of Indonesia. Theoretically, there is a controversy of contribution the financial sector on economy.
Fungsi keuntungan Cobb-Douglas dalam pendugaan efisiensi ekonomi relatif
Authors: Susantun Indah
Published: April 2022

Researchers of agricultural economics use much the Cobb-Douglas profit function as a one of quantitative methods. This article examines it to analyze economic efficiency in term of technical and price efficiency in the casa of fermented soybean cake industry as a member and non member of cooperative (KOPTI).
Utang luar negeri dan pendanaan pembangunan nasional
Authors: Hamid Edy Suandi
Published: April 2022

Berbicara tentang sumber pendanaan pembangunan nasional, maka paling tidak secara garis besar dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua bagian, yakni yang berasal dari dana masyarakat/swasta dan pemerintah. Yang berasal dari swasta ini dapat dibagi pula manjadi swasta dalam negeri dan swasta asing, yang tercermin dari penamaan modal dalam negeri (PMDN) dan penanaman modal asing (PMA).
Bagaimana velositas uang di Indonesia? (Pendekatan model penyesuaian parsial berdasarkan asumsi "adaptive expectation" vs "perfect forsight")
Authors: Sriyana Jaka
Published: April 2022

Kebijakan moneter adalah salah satu kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah/penguasa moneter untuk mempengaruhi atau menjaga jumlah uang beredar. Tujuan kebijakan tersebuta adalah agar tercapai kestabilan perekonomian negara.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi defisit transaksi berjalan Indonesia periode 1971-1999
Authors: Hamid Edy Suandi , Feriyanto Nur , Anto M. B. Hendrie
Published: April 2022

Deficit of current account is a common phenomenon that happens in developing countries, as well as in Indonesia. Since 1960, Indonesia always faced Deficit of current account, except in some years (1974, 1979, and 1980). Although sometimes Deficit of current account is covered by surplus of capital flow, it still gives burden to neraca Pembayaran Indonesia.
Krisis pembangunan dan teori pembangunan
Authors: Suharto Suharto
Published: April 2022

Analisis terhadap pembangunan yang dilakukan oleh negara sedang berkembang dewasa ini, perhatian tidak dapat terlepas dari dua agenda yang mendasar. Pertama, adalah masalah terjadinya krisis pembangunan di dunia ketiga sebutan populer untuk negara sedang berkembang untuk membedakan dengan dua kelompok yang lain, dunia pertama untuk negara-negara kapitalis maju dan dunia kedua untuk kelompok negara sosialis (Eropa Timur).