bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in the Gezira Scheme
Authors: Al-Feel Mohamed Ahmed , Fadel Mola El Moez Abdel Allah
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out to measure the technical efficiencyof wheat production in the Gezira scheme and to determine the mostimportant socio-economic factors affecting this efficiency, using thestochastic production frontier model. Primary and secondary data wereused. The former were collected from a random sample of 100 farmersfrom Waddel Mansi sector of the Gezira scheme, while the latter werecollected from relevant sources. The results showed that the meantechnical efficiency was 0.73, which means that the scheme produced73% of the possible wheat production at the current levels of productioninputs and technology. In other words, wheat production could have beenincreased by 27%, at the same levels of inputs had farmers beentechnically efficient. The results also showed that 97% of wheat outputdeviations from normal were caused by differences in farmers' levels oftechnical efficiencies and were not due to the out of control randomnature of the agricultural production. Wheat area, sowing date, degree ofinfection with pests and diseases, number of insufficient irrigations andfarmers' experience appeared to be the most important factors determiningwheat output in the Gezira scheme. The off-farm income appeared to havenegative effects on wheat production, because of its timing contradictionswith some important agricultural operations. The farmers' gender, landtenure, land preparation, marital status and farm location with respect tothe irrigation canal, represented the most important socio-economicfactors determining farmers' efficiencies of wheat production in theGezira scheme.
Performance of Basin and Bubbler Irrigation Systems under River Nile State Conditions
Authors: Ibrahim Yassir Mohamed , Saeed Amir Bakheit , Elamin Ali Widaa M.
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted in the Jordanian Bashair project,River Nile State, during two seasons (2007 and 2008) to evaluate theperformance of irrigation systems applying different amounts of irrigationwater. The treatments were surface irrigation method (basin irrigationsystem) and localized irrigation system with two types of distributors:locally made bubblers and imported bubblers. The irrigation wateramounts were given as percentages (50%, 75% and 100%) of date palmwatering requirement (ETc). ETc was obtained from the means of theprevious thirty years, using CROPWAT4 WINDOWS. The performanceof the irrigation system was evaluated with reference to the applicationand storage efficiencies and distribution uniformity. The experiment wasorganized in a split plot design with three replicates. The irrigationsystems showed negative effect on distribution uniformity and positiveeffect on application and storage efficiencies. The locally made andimported bubblers revealed highly significant (P ≤0.01) differences withapplication and storage efficiencies, while there was no significantdifference between them. The 50% ETc recorded high significant valuesof application efficiency, but less values of storage efficiency anddistribution uniformity. Interaction of the irrigation systems and amountsof water showed positive effect, whereas locally made bubblers showedhigher values of application and storage efficiencies with 50% and 100%ETc, respectively. On the other hand, the basin irrigation system gavehighest values of distribution uniformity with 75% and 100% ETc .Hence,it was concluded that using bubbler irrigation system would give highirrigation efficiency, thus saving water for other agricultural activities.
Effect of Seed Source on Seed Vigour and Field Performance of the Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor. (L.) Moench] Cultivar Taba
Authors: Abuelgasim Awad E. H. , El Dessougi Hanadi I.
Published: April 2023

A set of laboratory tests and field experiments were conductedfor two consecutive seasons (2009/10 and 2010/11) to investigate theeffect of seed source on seed quality attributes of the sorghum cultivarTabat. Simple correlation coefficients were calculated to determine thedegree of association between the different vigour tests and seedlingemergence under field conditions. Seeds were obtained from fourlocations: two rainfed (Damazin and Habeela) and two irrigated (KhashmEl Girba and El Gezira). Data were collected on initial seed moisturecontent, 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, rate of germination,seedling shoot length, seedling root length, seedling shoot to root lengthratio, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, plant height, number ofleaves per plant, leaf area per plant and plant fresh and dry weight. Theresults indicated that, under laboratory conditions, seed source hadsignificant effect on seedling root length and fresh weight in the firstseason, on germination percentage and rate of germination in the secondseason and on seed moisture content and 1000 seed weight in bothseasons. Significant differences were found in seedling shoot length andplant height under field conditions. Seeds from Habeela and Damazinperformed well with regard to germination percentage, rate ofgermination and field seedling emergence. Also, seeds from the rainfedareas produced taller plants than those from irrigated areas (Khashm ElGirba and El Gezira). The results also showed that field seedlingemergence was positively correlated with the estimate, under laboratory
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Some Biochemical Components of Seed Extracts and Microbial Load of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds*
Authors: Musa Hala A.A. , Ahmed , Eltayeb E.A. , Osman Gammaa A.M. , Ali Hiba A. , Müller Jutta Ludwig-
Published: April 2023

The work was carried out to study the effects of gammairradiation on microbial load and the content of some biochemicalconstituents of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds. It wasconducted at the Department of Botany and Agricultural Biotechnology,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum and Institute of Botany,Technische Universität Dresden. Seeds were treated with gammairradiation at the doses of 5, 10 and 15 kGy. Bacterial load was reducedfrom 1.44 x 106 , in untreated seeds, to 1.5 x 104 , 9.0 x 103 and 5.0 x 102cfu/g, in seeds treated with5, 10 and 15 kGy, respectively. The stability ofglycosides, phenols and tannins constituents of treated seeds wasevaluated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performanceliquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of TLC analysis revealed thatapplication of 15 kGy doses of gamma radiation to fenugreek seedsmethanol-extract had no effect on glycosides patterns, and slightreduction in total phenol and increase in tannins content were observed.Analysis of methanol extractable compounds by HPLC revealedvariations in the metabolite profile at different wavelengths afterirradiation. While the content of several compounds increased slightlyafter gamma irradiation that of some decreased and some constituentsshowed no change. Accordingly, there were no major differences inchemical constituents between the irradiated and un-irradiated samples.
A Note on the Reproductive Performance of Tagger Goat in the Gezira, Sudan
Authors: Elimam Mohmed Elamin , Ombabi Yassir Abdalla
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of improvedmanagement and nutrition on the reproductive performance of a flock of Tagger goatsfrom Eldaleng area, the Nuba Mountains. It was conducted at Wad Medani , Sudan, fromJune 2006 to July 2008. The goats were mainly grazed on farm and well managed.Individual records were kept for each animal, and the data were statistically analysed forreproductive characteristics. Kidding percentage was 100% in the two years and wasmainly in summer. Sex ratio (males to females) was 57.14: 42.86 in the first year and54.05: 45.95 in the second year. Twinning rate increased from 17.39% in the first year to48.0% in the second year, and number of kids born /doe increased from 1.17 in the firstyear to 1.48 in the second year. Mean age at first kidding was 365.67 days (285- 438)and mean kidding interval was 258.85 days (169- 380). The overall birth weight was1.73, 1.69 and 1.70 kg for the first, second and third parities, respectively. Seasons hadno significant effects on overall birth weight, and it was highest in summer (1.74)followed by autumn (1.71) and then winter (1.63).There were differences between yearsin birth weight and was generally higher in the first year. Singles were heavier at birththan twins. Birth weight had a significant correlation with doe weight at kidding. Doeage had significant correlations with doe body condition score and doe weight atkidding. The results showed that Tagger reproductive performance was improved in theGezira area, especially in the second year, than in Eldaleng area.
Growth Performance of the Seedlings of Four Acacia Species Raised in Compost-Amended Sandy and Silty Soils
Authors: Daldoum Daldoum M.A. , Ameri Hakim A.
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the effects ofcompost on growth of Acacia nilotica, A. seyal, A. senegal and A. tortilisseedlings. It was conducted in Khartoum University Farm, duringDecember 1999- January 2002. Compost was prepared in a pit from forestlitter and poultry manure. Four quantities of compost were added to asandy soil and a silty soil (% volume): zero, 25%, 50% and 75%. Theblends were packed in polythene bags prior to transplanting. The compostwas slightly acidic, non-saline, and rich in nutrients and had high waterholding capacity. The compost negatively affected acacia seedgermination percentage by 1.5 to 5.3 folds compared to the mineral soils.Shoot height in the compost-sand mixes increased significantly ascompared to the unamended sandy soil by 1.4 to 2 folds. Root length wasgenerally lower in the compost treatments. Shoot and root biomass in thecompost media was significantly higher than in the sandy soil andincreased by 3 to 7 and 1.5 to 3.0 folds, respectively. In the silt-compostmixes, seedlings' shoot heights were significantly greater than in theunamended silty soil. Root lengths in the silt-compost mixes were notsignificantly different from those in the silty soil. Shoot and root biomassin the silt-compost mixes was not significantly different from that in theunamended silty soil. Compost effects on seedlings’ growth occurred in
Role of Adansonia digitata L. Fruits in Development and Forest Conservation in Rashad Locality, Nuba Mountains, Sudan
Authors: Adam Yahia Omar , Eisa Maymoona Ahmed , Ahmed Daldoum Mohamed
Published: April 2023

The objectives of this work were (i) to investigate thecontribution of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L., known locally as"tebeldi") fruits extraction in rural household’s income and tree speciesconservation and (ii) to identify and analyze the determinants of incomegeneration from A. digitata fruits extraction. Five villages were selectedin Rashad Locality, South Kordofan State, based on proximity gradient tothe resource. A sample of 276 households was taken from the selectedvillages, using a stratified sampling technique. Both quantitative andqualitative data were collected in 2009, using participatory rural appraisaltools. The results indicated that the household’s annual average incomefrom the A. digitata fruit sale was 44% of the total household income,aggregated across wealth categories. The results also showed that wealth,proximity to the resource and other household characteristics affected theincome generation from A. digitata fruit sale. It was concluded that the A.digitata fruits extraction plays a key role in improving the livelihood ofthe rural households and conserving the tree species. Rural developmentand future conservation interventions should pay attention to the role of A.digitata fruits extraction in rural economic development andenvironmental sustainability
Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) under semi intensive System in the Sudan
Authors: Gibril Salim , Hassan , Hafiz Abdelrahman , Yassin Osama Elshiek
Published: April 2023

he objectives of this study were to determine the growthperformance and carcass traits of turkeys under semi intensive system in theSudan. Atotal of 100 unsexed turkey growers from the commercial breed(B.U.T. Big 6) were used during 7 th June to 6 th August, 2011. Birds were keptin an open sided deep litter poultry house at the University of Bahri Farmfrom 9 to 16 weeks of age and fed on turkey grower and finisher diets.Results of feed intake and body weight showed a consistent increase withincrease in age. Performance results showed that turkey had 2.42 kg, 6.64 kg,79.49 g, 1.5 kg/ bird/ day, 2.8 and 4%, starting weight, finishing weight,average daily gain, average feed intake; average feed conversion ratio (FCR)and total mortality, respectively. Results also showed that turkey had 6.91 kg,5.03 kg, 76.98%, 14.37%, 14.2% and 33.4% slaughter weight, carcassweight, dressing percentage and thigh, drumstick and breast weights aspercentage of carcass weight, respectively. Males obtained significantlyheavier slaughter, carcass, thigh, drumstick and breast weights than females.On the other hand PH, WHC and cooking loss were 5.63, 36.6 and 2.05,respectively. It can be concluded that, the rearing of B.U.T. Big 6commercial breed of turkey is possible under semi intensive system in theSudan. Further studies are needed to determine turkey performance andcarcass attributes under range and intensive systems of management using thesame breed or other turkey breeds.
Some Physical Properties of the Grains of Two Cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Abdalla Eman Abdu , Ismail Mohamed Ayoub , Mohamed Abdelmoniem Elamin
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted at the Department of AgriculturalEngineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum and theFood Processing Research Center, Shambat, Sudan. The study was carriedout with the objective of determining some physical properties of twolocal grain sorghum cultivars that affect design of processing machines,storage structures and processes. The studied of physical propertiesincluded grain size, shape, 1000 grain weight, hectoliter (test) weight,hardness, bulk density, true density and porosity. These properties weredetermined at initial moisture content and the results were analyzed usingthe t-test. The results showed that the the two cultivars were significantlydifferent in size, shape and hardness, while they were not significantlydifferent with respect to hectoliter (test) weight, 1000 grain weight, bulkdensity, true density and porosity. The studied cultivars of grain sorghumdo not require different designs of milling machines, grain hoppers,aeration, drying machines and storage structures, while they differ withrespect to design of sieve separators, harvesting, sizing, grindingmachines and in calculating surface area and volume of grains which areimportant during modeling of grain drying, heating and cooling processes
A Note on Some Ecological Aspects of the Sorghum Stem Borer in the Nuba Mountains, Sudan
Authors: Ali Eisa Y. Adam and Ali E.
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to collect some information about the sorghum stemborer in the Nuba Mountains, South Kordofan State. It was carried out during 2005/06and 2006/07 season, to determine the population dynamics and the alternative host plantsof the stem borer. Light trap was used for adult trapping, and a survey was carried out forhost plants. The number of adults was low at the beginning of the season (June),gradually increased towards the end of the season (October) and the borer disappearedby the end of November. Night activity of the adults was low at 7:00 pm and increasedgradually towards 10:00 pm. The highest infestation by stem borer (76%) was recordedon sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) followed by Sorghum arundinceum (adar) (63%),maize, Zea mays (50%) and pearl millet (33%)
Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on Quality and Shelf-Life of Banana Fruits
Authors: Saeed Islam K. , Abu-Goukh Abu-Bakr A.
Published: April 2023

The effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on quality andshelf–life of ‘Grand Nain’ banana fruits was evaluated.1-Methylcyclopropene at 62.5, 125 and 250 ppb delayed fruit ripening,maintained quality and extended shelf-life of banana fruits. The higher theconcentration of 1-MCP, the more was the effect. 1-Methylcyclopropenesignificantly delayed the onset of the climacteric peak. The untreatedfruits reached the climacteric peak after 8 days at 18± 1°C and 85% - 90%relative humidity. Treatment with 1-MCP at 62.5, 125 and 250 ppbsignificantly delayed the onset of the climacteric peak by 12, 16 and 20days, respectively, compared with the untreated fruits. The effect of 1-MCP was also reflected similarly in retarded peel colour development andtotal soluble solids (TSS) accumulation, reduced fruit flesh softening andweight loss, and retained ascorbic acid content during storage of bananafruits.
Chemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Sudanese Braided Cheese (Mudaffara)
Authors: Sebit Ruaa , Abdalla Mohamed Osman Mohamed , Elsiddig Haifa Mukhtar , Elhaj Nisreen Mohamed , Suleiman Tayseer Abdelrahim
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the chemical andmicrobiological characteristics of traditional braided cheese (mudaffara)sold in Khartoum market, Sudan. Fifty four samples were collected fromthree different areas and subjected to chemical analysis (fat, protein, TS,ash, acidity) and microbiological examination (total viable bacteria,coliform bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria, yeasts andmoulds counts). Results showed that batch number significantly affectedthe chemical components of cheese, while area from which samples werecollected did not. Fifty-five percent of samples had fat content of 26-37%, while 51% had low protein content (7-10%), 83% of samples hadtotal solids content of 55-70%, 70% of samples had ash content of 3-5.99%, and 39% were highly acidic (1.0-1.5%). Microbiologicalpopulations examined were high in batch B except for yeasts and mouldswhich were high in batch A. The area from which sampling was done didnot significantly affect the microbial quality of cheese.Microbiologically, samples were highly contaminated as shown in TVBC,where 89% of samples had Log 7.5-9.5 cfu/g, 89% had coliform count ofLog 2.0-2.80 cfu/g, 72% had proteolytic bacteria count of Log 2.0-3.0cfu/g, 65% had lipolytic bacteria count of Log 2.0-2.50 cfu/g and 91%had yeasts and moulds count of Log 2.0-3.80 cfu/g.
A not of Resurgence of the Cotton Stemborer Sphenoptera gossypii Conte as a Serious Pest in the Irrigated Schemes in Sudan
Authors: Sebit Ruaa , Abdalla Tag Elsir E. , Hamad Abdelmagid A. , Ahmed Usama M. , Hamad Abdelmagid A. , Ahmed Usama M. , Elnour Omer A. , Salih Mohamed A.
Published: April 2023

this study was conducted to investigate complaints by farmers in New HalfaAgricultural Corporation (NHAC), Gezira Scheme, Rahad and Suki agricultural schemesabout wilting, drying and death of cotton plants during the 2012-2013 season which wasthe first season for planting the genetically-modified Bt cotton (CN-CO2). A survey wasconducted and showed drying and death of young plants and wilting of older ones. Alongitudinal section of the stem revealed the presence of white worms of up to 3 cm inlength and white shiny pupae, together with coleopteran beetles. The insect wasidentified as Sphenoptera gossypii. The damage was mainly in the variety CNCO2 butindividual plants of the local varieties Hamid, Abdeen and Barakat were also infestation.The highest percentage of infestation was 30% in NHAC while the average infestationwas 2% to 3% in the Gezira scheme and was little in the Rahd scheme. The stem borerwas a serious pest of cotton in the 1920s and 1903s but as a result of clean-up campaignsand adherence to technical guidelines the local varieties, except Sakel, could surviveunaffected. Introduction of the extremely susceptible variety (CNCO2) in large areas inthe irrigated schemes, which are plentiful of the pest, led to serious damage to the crop.During October 2012, farmers from New Halfa Agricultural Corporation(NHAC) complained of drying, wilting and death of cotton plants in theirfields; the incident was especially higher in the introduced geneticallymodified Bt cotton variety (CN-CO2) than on the local variety "Hamid".The season (2012-13) ranked first, for commercial planting of the Btcotton in NHAC, and other irrigated schemes in Sudan. Thus, the Btcotton was blamed as a causative of the incident. The CN-CO2 seeds
Breaking Seed Dormancy in Argemone mexicana L. Seeds
Authors: Ahmed Tarig Mohamed Mohamed , El Dessougi Hanadi Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

95U. of K. J. Agric. Sci. 22(1), 95-111, 2014Breaking Seed Dormancy in Argemone mexicana L. SeedsTarig Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed1 and Hanadi Ibrahim El DessougiDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Khartoum, Shambat, SudanAbstract: Laboratory tests were conducted in 2010, at the SeedLaboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universityof Khartoum, Sudan, to investigate the effect of different methods ofbreaking seed dormancy in Argemone mexicana seeds. The methods usedwere soaking of seeds for six hours in tap water followed by drying forsix hours, hydration of seeds for six hours and drying for six hours thenhydration and dehydration for the same period, soaking of seeds in hotwater (60 ̊C) for six durations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes), treatingthe seeds with H2 SO 4 (70%) for 5, 20, 40 and 60 minutes, treating theseeds for two hours using 250, 500 and 1000 ppm of gibberelic acid(GA3 ), treating the seeds with combinations of GA3 (250, 500 and 1000ppm) and H2 SO 4 for 20 and 40 minutes. The experiment was executed ina completely randomized design. The analysis of variance showed thatboth GA3 and combination treatments (GA3 /H2 SO 4 ) had significantlyhigher seed germination percentage and germination rate than the controland other treatments. The highest germination percentage (27.7%) andgermination rate (74x10-2 ) were obtained when the seeds were treatedwith 250 ppm GA3 . Hydration and dehydration and soaking in hot waterand sulphuric acid were not effective in breaking seed dormancy inArgemone mexicana seeds. The results indicated no physical or chemicaldormancy in the seed, but physiological or morpho-physiologicaldormancy.
Evaluation of Clethodim for Weed Control in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Idris Khogali I. , Dongola Gawahir M. , Elamin Salah E. , Mahgoub Babiker, M.
Published: April 2023

A field trial was conducted at Shambat Research Station FarmKhartoum, Sudan during 2011/2012 and 2012/ 2013 winter seasons, toevaluate the activity and selectivity of the herbicide Clethodim (Selectsuper120 EC ) for weed control in alfalfa. The herbicide was tested at0.036, 0.048 and 0.060 kg a.i. /fed, as post- emergence treatments, 3weeks after sowing of alfalfa. The most prevailing weed species weresweet signal grass {Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm) Grieseb.}, purple nutsedege (Cyperus rotundus L.) and croton {Chrozophora plicata (Vahl.)A. Juss. Exspreng}. Results showed that the losses due to competition indry matter yield of alfalfa were 57% and 37% in the first cut, in the firstand second seasons, respectively. All herbicide treatments were highlyselective to the crop. The herbicide at all rates tested gave consistent andeffective control of grassy weeds (81% – 100%). Most of the herbicidetreatments significantly increased alfalfa fresh and dry matter yields incomparison with the weedy check
Management of Acacia Plantations for Charcoal Production: Local Economies and Sustainability
Authors: Dafa-Alla Dafa-Alla Mohamed , Abidallha Eltayib H.M.A.
Published: April 2023

The objectives of this research were to estimate volume ofcharcoal produced per unit area of Acacia seyal plantations atWadelbashier Forest Reserve and to estimate financial profitability(US$ ha-1 ) of charcoal production, using net present value (NPV) as adecision criterion. Data on tree growth was collected, using fixed-radiustemporary circular sample plots. Present and harvest age standing woodvolumes were estimated. Market-related data were collected throughstructured interviews of key informants of the staff of Forest NationalCorporation (FNC) of Algadarif State, members of Trade Union ofFuelwood Producers and Traders, and from secondary sources of thestate forestry service. The results indicated that the present standingwood volume (m3 ha-1 ) ranged between 8.4 and 26.2 and that charcoalproduction from A. seyal plantations managed for a rotation of 20 yearsat 12% annual discount rate yielded a negative mean financial NPV ofUS$ ha-1 -30.3 indicating that charcoal production at current stocking,factor costs, output prices, a 12% annual discount rate and a rotationlength of 20 years is not financially profitable. The study concludes thatpolicy and management interventions are inevitable for sustainableproduction.
Effect of Three Sowing Dates on the Quality Characteristics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown in Central Sudan
Authors: Abdalla M.G. , Abdelrahman Hayat , Mohamed S.M.
Published: April 2023

224U. of K. J. Agric. Sci. 22(2), 224-240, 2014Effect of Three Sowing Dates on the Quality Characteristics of BreadWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown in Central SudanM.G. Abdalla 1 , Hayat Abdelrahman2 and S.M. Mohamed 31, 3 Agricultural Research Corporation, Dongola Research Station2 National Food Research Centre, Grain Technology DepartmentAbstract: This research was conducted to study the effect of differentsowing dates on the quality characteristics of bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) grains grown in central Sudan during 2005/2006 season. Thefield experiment was executed by split plot design with three replications.Three sowing dates (November 6 th , November 21st and December 6th )were used to represent the early, mid and late sowing dates. Grain qualitycharacteristics of four released cultivars; namely, Argine, Alneilain,Debeira and Condor were studied. Characters such as 1000 - kernel(grain) weight, test weight (Hectoliter weight) and flour yield declinedprogressively with delayed sowing date (6th Dec.). Maximum values wereobtained in the early sowing date (6th Nov.) and minimum values in thelate sowing date (6th Dec.).The results showed that proper sowing dateresulted in the highest protein and gluten values in wheat grain and flour.With the late sowing date, these two parameters decreased in all cultivarstested. The cultivars Debeira and Condor were the most affected, whilethe cultivar Argine showed little effect. Argine had higher protein andgluten values than the other cultivars in the three sowing dates. Thechange of proportions of different protein components in wheat graininduced by the variation of sowing dates could be the main reason for theimprovement in wheat grain quality in Sudan.
Fruit Evaluation of Minor Nubian Date Palm Cultivars
Authors: Idris Tagelsir I.M. , Hussein Fakhreddin A. , Said Abdelghaffar E. , Elsadig Elsadig H.
Published: April 2023

Domestication of date palm in the Nuba-land of Mahas andSakkot tribes since ancient times had been well documented inarcheological records. The commercially valuable Sudanese date palmcultivars originated there and were distributed country-wise. Besides,there are many minor cultivars in that habitat, rarely recognized in otherdates producing areas in Sudan. In this study, the physical, chemical andsensory attributes of 10 of these cultivars were studied in comparison toBarakawi, the major date cultivar in Sudan. Kulmat Al Borgaig scored toprank for fruit weight, width and pulp thickness, sharing weight positionwith Kajnosa, while Barakawi fruit was the longest. The highest total andnon-reducing sugars were recorded in Zagloul and Kulumtoad fruits. Themoisture content of all cultivars was extremely low, except for KulmatAlBorgaig which was characterized by relatively higher moisture. Theoverall acceptance in the panel of sensory evaluation was in favour ofKulmat Al Borgaig and Kajnosa, with relatively higher grades for tasteand palatability for Kulmat Al Borgaig.
Performance of Disc and Chisel Ploughs and their Effects on Some Soil Physical Properties
Authors: Abdalla Omer A. , Elmahi Ahmed Elmahi M. , Abbouda Sirelkhatim K.
Published: April 2023

A study was carried out at the University of KhartoumDemonstration Farm in (2007), to study the performance of two tillageimplements: (disc and chisel plough) and their effect on some soilphysical properties. The results showed that the higher values of boththeoretical and effective field capacities were recorded by chisel plough(1.23 ha/hr and 0.90 ha/hr) as compared to disc plough (0.63 ha/hr and0.50 ha/hr). The higher field efficiency was recorded by disc plough(79.37%) as compared to the chisel plough (73.4%). The fuel consumedwhen using the disc plough was (10.60 l/ha) less than that consumed bythe chisel (13.47 l/ha). Tractor wheel slippages ware found to be 10.92%.and 14.1%. The result also showed that both ploughs decreased the soilbulk density values from 1.54 g/cm3 to 1.51 and 1.49 g/cm3 by disc andchisel plough respectively. Particle density was not affected (P > 0.05) byboth implements . The soil porosity values were also increased for bothimplements. The soil moisture content recorded in two depths 0-15 and15-30 cm were higher for chisel plough (6.53% and 6.9%) as compared todisc plough which recorded 6.3% and 6.5% respectively. The infiltrationrate obtained by the disc plough was 22.2 cm/hr while that of chiselplough was (20.1 cm/hr).
Effect of Farmer Experience on Selection of Irrigation Methods at Sirte, Libya
Authors: Makhlof Hassin Alhassin , Elamin Ali Widaa Mohammed , Gowing John
Published: April 2023

Water is the most important basic need for all aspects of humanand ecosystem survival. This study aims to show the preferred method ofirrigation among the farmers at Jarif–Sirte site, Libya. It was carried outover a three week period, between 17th June and 9th July 2010.Themethods of irrigation were divided into modern methods (sprinkler anddrip systems) and traditional (surface systems-basin and furrow). Waterproductivity (WP) and profitability were the most important points thatwere covered. Two main methods for gathering data were used; the firstone was a questionnaire and the second was a focus group, also known asgroup discussion. The results indicated that adopting modern irrigationsystems, especially drip irrigation, can improve WP and profitabilitydramatically, whereas, water use can be reduced by at least one third withsimilar productivity for the other systems. Several factors which influenceadoption of advanced technologies have been noted in this study.Whereas the educated farmers tend to adopting modern irrigation methodsinstead of traditional methods. Moreover, economic factors are the mainbarrier to adoption as well as the fact that there will be no obligation topay the high cost of the electricity and water bills associated with thetraditional methods. The study recommend that famers should switch tomodern systems. Future studies should be carried out on the site forfurther information
Effects of Rotation with Trap Crops on Striga (Striga hermonthica Del. Benth) Incidence, its Seed Bank and Sorghum Growth and Yield
Authors: Elneel Ahmed H. Hamad , Hamid Sami A. , Babiker Abdelgabar T.
Published: April 2023

A trial was conducted for three consecutive seasons (2006/07,2007/08 and 2008/09) in a field artificially infested by Striga hermonthicain the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University ofSinnar. The effects of a two seasons’ crop rotation on striga incidence, itsseed bank and growth and yield of subsequent sorghum crop wereinvestigated. The rotation comprised the trap crops, cowpea (Vignaunguiculata), millet (Pennisetum glaucum), sesame (Sesamum indicum),sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and fallows, in assorted combinations. Asorghum monoculture, for the three seasons, was included as a control.All treatments reduced striga emergence significantly in comparison tosorghum monoculture. Sunflower and sesame grown for two consecutiveseasons caused the maximum reductions (80%), while a fallow followedby sorghum resulted in the least reduction (42%). Significant reduction instriga capsules (37%) was caused by two consecutive sesame crops. In thesecond season, all treatments significantly reduced striga seed bank,. Twoconsecutive fallows and two consecutive crops each of cowpea, millet andsunflower resulted in the highest reductions in striga incidence (80% -92%), while a fallow followed by sorghum exhibited the least reduction(51-65%). None of the treatments had adverse effects on sorghum standearly in the season; however, at harvest significant reduction wasobserved. Sorghum monoculture resulted in the lowest stand, whilesunflower planted subsequent to a fallow and two successive sunflowercrops affected the highest stands. Among all treatments, sorghum
Variability Among Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes Subjected to Water Stress During Flowering Stage
Authors: Alamin Abdellatif Mohmed , Abdalla Abdalwahab Hassan
Published: April 2023

The study was carried out to assess the variability for seed yieldand its components in chickpea. Twelve chickpea genotypes were evaluatedin two sowing dates (mid Nov. and mid Dec.) under two levels of watertreatments at two locations (Shambat and Shendi) during the period 2004-2008. A split-plot experiment with four replications, with main-plotsallocated for water treatment and sub-plots for the genotypes, was applied.The water levels adopted were normal irrigation (10-12 days interval) andwater stress (withholding irrigation water for three weeks during theflowering stage). The results showed that, the early sowing during Novembergave the highest; seed yield, pod number per plant and the heaviest seedweight. Likewise, normal irrigation gave the highest; seed yield, pod numberper plant, seed number per pod and seed weight, compared to the stresstreatment. Moreover, a wide range of genetic variability was detected for allcharacters at the four environments, between the two water treatments andamong the evaluated genotypes. The genotype-water interactions at the fourenvironments were significant (P<0.05) for seed yield and its components,except for number of seeds per pod at all environments. The genotypesRubatab and Wad-Hamid (checks) scored the highest seed yield at the fourenvironments and under normal irrigation, whereas Rubatab and ILC6023scored the highest seed yield under water stress condition
Sudan's Market Share in Saudi Live Sheep Imports: Situation Analysis and Trend1
Authors: Babiker Babiker Idris , Ahmed Awadelkarim Hamid , El-Sammani Mohamed Ahmed Hassan
Published: April 2023

: High demand for live sheep in the Saudi market resulted intough competition among the exporting countries including Sudan. Theobjective of this paper was to estimate the Sudan export market share(EMS) against its main competitors in the Saudi live sheep import market.Published secondary data, from Sudan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)and other related sources were obtained for the period 1992-2013. Trendanalysis and EMS index were applied to achieve the paper objectives. Theresults revealed that the annual average import capacity of the Saudimarket for live sheep, during the study period, was about 163000 tons.Sudan's EMS was about 30%. It ranked first followed by Syria, Australiaand Somalia. Generally, there was no stable live sheep exportperformance. Trends of volumes and earnings of live sheep exported toKSA reflected frequent fluctuations for most of the exporting countriesincluding Sudan. Based on the findings, the paper recommends moreofficial support to be directed towards this export business. Export policyreform is a necessary action towards strengthening Sudan's position as amajor exporter of live sheep to Saudi Arabia given the many Sudaneseexport sheep advantages such as superior quality, vicinity to the Saudimarket, adaptation to the Saudi environment, abundance of productionand the historic, economic and social relations between the two countries.Also of importance, is embarking on a comprehensive promotion effortfor this commodity through all possible means. Moreover, conscious work
Contabilização de bens culturais digitais gratuitos no Pib a Economia da Cultura e das Indústrias Criativas: considerações metodológicas
Authors: Moreau François
Published: April 2023

Por terem custo monetário zero para os consumidores, e apesar de sua crescente importância, os bens e serviços culturais e criativos digitais são muito mal considerados nas estatísticas das contas nacionais e, principalmente, nas estatísticas do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). Este artigo revisa abordagens metodológicas que podem permitir que legisladores e economistas superem essa desvantagem com ferramentas baratas e fáceis, com foco nos benefícios gerados por bens e serviços digitais gratuitos. As décadas de 1980 e 1990 foram marcadas pela “culminância do interesse na contribuição econômica da cultura e das indústrias culturais e novas abordagens para a compreensão da relação entre cultura e desenvolvimento econômico” (UNESCO, 2009). Desde a primeira década do século XXI, há uma crescente valorização da importância econômica e social das indústrias culturais e criativas (ICC). Elas estão se tornando um dos segmentos mais dinâmicos da economia global. Segundo a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco), as indústrias culturais e criativas representam cerca de 3% do PIB da economia mundial e 30 milhões de empregos em todo o mundo. Throsby (2010) enfatiza que avaliar a contribuição das ICCs para o PIB requer capturar os efeitos diretos, indiretos e induzidos em outras indústrias. Assim, de acordo com um relatório recente comandado pela Federação Internacional da Indústria Fonográfica (OXFORD ECONOMICS, 2020), a contribuição do setor da música para o PIB europeu chega a 37,6 bilhões de euros, dos quais 46% são gerados pelo próprio setor, que é a atividade econômica das gravadoras, dos estúdios e das editoras (impacto direto). O impacto indireto corresponde a 28% dos gastos do setor de música em insumos de bens e serviços do restante da economia. Os restantes 26% do impacto total são referentes ao impacto induzido, ou seja, ao pagamento de salários pelas empresas do setor de música e ao longo da sua cadeia de abastecimento.
O processo de construção do PIB da Economia da Cultura e das Indústrias Criativas - Entrevista
Authors: Valiati Leandro , Oliveira Flávia
Published: April 2023

Entrevista de Leandro Valiati para Flávia Oliveira para Revista Observatório 34 " PIB da Economia da Cultura e Indústrias Criativas".
Rezension von: Altgeld-Peters, Dagmar, Die Württembergische Metallwarenfabrik (WMF)
Authors: Bauer Wolfgang-Otto , Altgeld-Peters Dagmar
Published: April 2023

Dagmar Altgeld-Peters: Die Württembergische Metallwarenfabrik (WMF) - Bestecke und Hohlwaren aus Metall zwischen 1945 und 1975. Vom Historismus zur Guten Form. 2 Bände. LIT Verlag Münster 2000. (Form & Interesse, Nr. 48). Insgesamt 936 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen und Tabellen. Broschiert € 61,90. ISBN 3-8258-4016-6
Rezension von: Schiedermair, Werner (Hrsg.), Kaisheim - Markt und Kloster
Authors: Wrobbel Sibylle , Schiedermair Werner
Published: April 2023

Werner Schiedermair (Hrsg.): Kaisheim - Markt und Kloster. Kunstverlag Josef Fink Lindenberg 2001. 328 Seiten mit 236 meist farbigen Abbildungen. Leinen € 39,-. ISBN 3-933784-83-2
Rezension von: Augustin, Rolf; Augustin, Heide, Gelebt in Traum und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Wrobbel Sibylle , Augustin Rolf , Augustin Heide
Published: April 2023

Rolf und Heide Augustin: Gelebt in Traum und Wirklichkeit. Biographie und Bibliographie der einst berühmten Ludwigsburger Kinderbuchautorin Tony Schumacher - eine Recherche. (Kinder- und Jugendkultur, -literatur und -medien, Band 20). Peter Lang Verlag Frankfurt 2002. 224 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Broschiert € 35,50. ISBN 3-631-50177-3
Rezension von: Stadtarchiv Horb (Hrsg.), Gräber im Wald
Authors: Schönhagen Benigna , Stadtarchiv (Horb am Neckar)
Published: April 2023

Gräber im Wald. Lebensspuren auf dem jüdischen Friedhof in Mühringen. Dokumentation des Friedhofs [!], der über 300 Jahre in Mühringen ansässigen jüdischen Gemeinde und des Rabbinats Mühringen. Hrsg. vom Stadtarchiv Horb und vom Träger- und Förderverein Ehemalige Synagoge Rexingen. (Jüdische Friedhöfe der Stadt Horb, Band 2). Horb 2003. 424 Seiten mit zahlreichen Schwarzweißabbildungen.Gräber im Wald. Lebensspuren auf dem Mühringer Judenfriedhof. Verlag Theiss Stuttgart. 424 Seiten. € 29,90. ISBN 3-8062-1828-5
Rezension von: Geppert, Karlheinz (Hrsg.), 900 Jahre Hemmendorf
Authors: Wrobbel Sibylle , Geppert Karlheinz
Published: April 2023

Karlheinz Geppert (Hrsg.): 900 Jahre Hemmendorf. Bauern und Ritter im Dorf der Johanniter. Stadt Rottenburg, Verlag Geiger Horb 2002. 348 Seiten mit vielen Abbildungen. Pappband € 24,90. ISBN 3-89570-796-1
Giant vesical calculus associated with staghorn calculus
Authors: de Souza Igor Ferreira , de Castro Gustavo Lopes , da Silva Barroso Francisco Marcos , Vela Vasquez Victor Alfonso , de Souza Paloma Menezes , Costa Teixeira Neto Algenor Maria da
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Large vesical calculi are rare conditions in urology due to the advancement of image exams in the last decade. Urinary bladder stones represent 5% of all urinary tract calculi and large calculi are defined as weighing more than 100 grams.

Case Report: We report the case of a 56-year-old man with large vesical calculus measuring 17 × 13 × 16 cm (weight of 2730 g) in association with renal exclusion due to staghorn calculus in the right kidney and bilateral uretero-hydronephrosis due to bladder obstruction.

Conclusion: Computed tomography stands as the exam of choice to diagnose and delimit any urinary calculi. Open surgery is preferred for large vesical stones and bladder outlet obstruction must be investigated, especially in men to exclude prostate increase.
Chapitre 4 : L’énergie et le CO2
Authors: Blanc Guillaume , Noûs Camille
Published: April 2023

Ce chapitre fait le point sur le concept d’énergie dans nos sociétés ainsi que sur les émis-sions de dioxyde de carbone qui y sont liées en regard avec le réchauffement climatique. Seulsquelques aspects physiques sont abordés ici.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU DALAM KEHADIRAN MENGAJAR MELALUI OPTIMALISASI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA MADRASAH SEMESTER JULI-DESEMBER 2021 DI MIN 7 KOTA PADANG
Authors: M. Yusuf
Published: April 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru melalui optimalisasi supervisi akademik kepala Madrasah di MIN 7 kota Padang. PTS ini di laksanakan di MIN 7 Kota Padang pada semester Juli-Desember tahun 2021. Unit analisisnya semua guru di MIN 7 Kota Padang. Pelaksanaan tindakan menggunakan model di siklus yang di kembangkan oleh Chemmis dan MC Taggart. Variabel yang di observasi adalah kehadiran mengajar guru dalam PBM di kelas.

Hasil Penelitian Meliputi:

Data kehadiran mengajar guru di MIN 7 Kota Padang pada periode Juli - September rata-rata sebesar 73,8%, sedangkan periode Oktober – Desember sebesar 92,9%. Terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan yaitu sebesar 19,1%. Rata-rata kehadiran guru mengajar di kelas melampaui target keberhasilan.

Berdasarkan Analisis Data dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa supervisi kepala madrasah efektif dapat meningkatkan disiplin kehadiran guru di kelas dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di MIN 7 kota Padang.
PEMBUATAN MEMBRAN KERAMIK BERBAHAN DASAR TANAH LIAT, SERBUK DAUN KELOR, DAN ARANG AKTIF UNTUK MENURUNKAN KEKERUHAN DAN MENINGKATKAN NILAI PH SAMPEL AIR SUNGAI MUSI
Authors: Achmad Faisal Faputri  , Indah Agus Setiorini
Published: April 2023

Membran adalah lembaran bahan tipis yang berfungsi sebagai pemisah selektif, yang dapat memisahkan dua fasa dari berbagai campuran. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat membran keramik berpori berbasis clay dengan variasi serbuk daun kelor dan penambahan arang aktif batang kelor dalam beberapa komposisi yang berbeda.Variasi ukuran bahan yang digunakan yaitu 80 dan 100 mesh dengan perbandingan komposisi bahan membran keramik tanah liat, serbuk daun kelor, dan arang yaitu 70% : 20% : 10%. Kemudian melakukan uji coba membran untuk menganalisa turbidity dan pH pada air sungai musi. Hasil pengujian air sungai musi yang diolah dengan membran keramik tersebut mampu menurunkan kekeruhan air yang awalnya 28,9 NTU menjadi 3,40 NTU dengan waktu 12 jam. Sementara itu nilai pH pada awalnya 6,0 mengalami kenaikan setelah di filtrasi menjadi 7,0.
Laparoscopic diaphragm repair with bioabsorbable mesh in congenital and acquired diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Khan Naveed Ullah , Ahmed Zahoor , Saeed Sarwat , Batool Fatima , Sami Asad , Zafar Maria
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: Congenital or acquired diaphragmatic hernias are both possible. The present study aimed to investigate the superiority of laparoscopic surgery over open repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernias with bioabsorbable mesh in congenital and acquired diaphragmatic hernia. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 7 diaphragmatic hernia cases in the General Surgery Unit of Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad from January 2015 to December 2022. Diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed and confirmed on CT scan. Patients with Bochdalek hernia (BH), right-sided eventration of diaphragm, and left eventration of diaphragm (ED) cases were enrolled. Individual demographic details, clinical manifestations, hernia description, treatment modalities, and complications were recorded. Results: The overall mean age was 42 years with an age range 30-62 years. Of the total cases, there were 6 (85.7%) male and 1 (14.3%) female. The incidence of Bochdalek hernia (BH), left-sided ED, and right-sided ED was 2 (28.6%), 4 (57.1%), and 1 (14.3%) respectively. The major defect on left and right side was 15× 7 cm and 15× 8 cm respectively.