bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Looking Ahead: The Importance of Views, Values, and Voices in Neuroethics—Now
Authors: GIORDANO JAMES
Published: September 2018

The body-to-head transplant (BHT) planned to be undertaken later this year at China’s Harbin Medical University by neurosurgeons Sergio Canavero and Xiaoping Ren has attracted considerable attention and criticism. The intended operation gives rise to philosophical queries about the body–brain–mind relationship and nature of the subjective self; technical and ethical issues regarding the scientific soundness, safety, and futility of the procedure; the adequacy of prior research; and the relative merit, folly, and/or danger of forging new boundaries of what is biomedically possible. Moreover, that this procedure, which has been prohibited from being undertaken in other countries, has been sanctioned in China brings into stark relief ways that differing social and political values, philosophies, ethics, and laws can affect the scope and conduct of research. Irrespective of whether the BHT actually occurs, the debate it has generated reveals and reflects both the evermore international enterprise of brain science, and the need for neuroethical discourse to include and appreciate multicultural views, values, and voices.
Neuroscience and Social Problems: The Case of Neuropunishment
Authors: BUYX ALENA , BIRKS DAVID
Published: September 2018

Neuroscientific interventions are increasingly proposed as solutions for social problems, beyond their application in biomedicine. For example, there is increasing interest, particularly from outside commentators, in harnessing neuroscientific advances as an alternative method of punishing criminal offenders. Such neuropunishments are seen as a potentially more effective, less costly, and more humane alternative to incarceration, with overall better results for offender, communities, and societies. This article considers whether neuroscience as a field should engage more actively with such proposals, and whether more research should be done to explore the use of neurointerventions for punishment. It concludes that neuroscientists and those working at the intersection of neuroscience and the clinic should actively shape these debates.
Lack of access to paediatric cardiology services in the public health system in four major urban centres in Perú
Authors: Altamirano-Diaz Luis , Norozi Kambiz , Seabrook Jaime A. , Welisch Eva
Published: September 2018

For one-third of the Peruvian population living in large cities outside the capital city Lima, there is no access to paediatric cardiology services provided by the public health care system. Children with suspected CHD living in these areas are referred to the adult cardiologist working at the regional hospitals for care and treatment. This is a consequence of the universal health care system and the heavily skewed distribution of the health care workforce towards the capital city of Lima. This imbalance has resulted in a severe shortage of paediatric cardiologists practicing outside of Lima and the adult cardiologists that remain are left to make up for this deficit.

To gain a better understanding of the current model of care for children with suspected CHD within the public health care system in Peru, we surveyed adult cardiologists from four major urban centres that serve one-third of the Peruvian population outside of Lima. We determined that adult cardiologists spend a significant amount of time treating children, but lack the specialised training and equipment to provide model care. The cardiologists indicated that receiving additional training and appropriate equipment would help enable them to provide proper care for these children.
Gender and opinion–policy congruence in Europe
Authors: Reher Stefanie
Published: September 2018

Does public policy in Europe reflect women’s preferences equally well as men’s? This study compares the opinions of women and men with concrete policy on a set of 20 issues across a diverse range of policy areas in 31 European countries. It shows that the majorities of men and women frequently prefer the same policy. However, when they disagree, men’s preferences are more likely to be represented. Neither the proportion of women in parliament nor the left–right orientation of the government explains variation in women’s policy representation. Instead, a higher number of parliamentary parties increase the likelihood that policy reflects women’s views. This effect does not seem to be driven by left-libertarian politics or Green parties, even though women’s stronger support for ‘new politics’ issues is an important source of disagreement between men and women.
Quantifying Climatic Controls on River Network Branching Structure Across Scales
Authors: Ranjbar Sevil , Hooshyar Milad , Singh Arvind , Wang Dingbao
Published: September 2018

The branching structure of river networks is an important topologic and geomorphic feature that depends on several factors (e.g., climate and tectonics). However, mechanisms that result in such branching patterns in river networks are poorly understood. Observations from natural catchments have revealed controls of climate on drainage density (Dd). In this study, we investigate the effects of climatic forcing on river network topology and geometry beyond Dd. For this, we selected 26 basins across the United States with equal Dd, however, different climate aridity index (defined here as the ratio of mean annual potential evaporation to precipitation). The river networks of these basins were extracted, using a curvature‐based method, from high‐resolution (1‐m) digital elevation models, and several metrics such as width functions, branching angles, and side branching ratio were computed. We used a multiscale entropy approach to quantify the geometric and topologic irregularity and structural richness of these river networks. Our results revealed the systematic impacts of climate forcing on the structure of river networks. We showed that the width functions of dry basins have higher entropy as compared to those of humid basins across spatial scales. Higher entropy suggests more heterogeneity in drainage network of dry basins. This heterogeneity is manifested in channels and their junctions resulting, on an average, in larger junction angle and longer channel links in dry basins compared to humid basins.
All carbon materials pn diode
Authors: Feng Xiaojing , Zhao Xing , Yang Liu , Li Mengyao , Qie Fengxiang , Guo Jiahui , Zhang Yuchun , Li Tiehu , Yuan Wenxia , Yan Yong
Published: September 2018

Semiconductor pn junctions are elementary building blocks of many electronic devices such as transistors, solar cells, photodetectors, and integrated circuits. Due to the absence of an energy bandgap and massless Dirac-like behaviour of charge carriers, graphene pn junction with electrical current rectification characteristics is hardly achieved. Here we show a graphene pn junction diode can be made exclusively from carbon materials by laminating two layers of positively and negatively charged graphene oxides. As the interdiffusion of oppositely charged mobile counterions, a built-in potential is created to rectify the current by changing the tunnelling probability of electrons across the junction. This graphene diode is semi-transparent, can perform simple logic operations, and since it has carbon nanotubes electrodes, we demonstrate an all carbon materials pn diode. We expect this graphene diode will expand material choices and provide functionalities (e.g. grafting recognition units on graphene oxides) beyond that of traditional semiconductor pn junctions.
Autophagy differentially regulates TNF receptor Fn14 by distinct mammalian Atg8 proteins
Authors: Winer Hila , Fraiberg Milana , Abada Adi , Dadosh Tali , Tamim-Yecheskel Bat-Chen , Elazar Zvulun
Published: September 2018

Autophagy, a conserved membrane trafficking process, sequesters cytoplasmic components into autophagosomes and targets them for lysosomal degradation. The TNF receptor Fn14 participates in multiple intracellular signaling pathways and is strongly induced upon tissue injury and solid tumorigenesis. While Fn14 is a short-lived protein, the regulation of its levels is largely obscure. Here we uncover a role for autophagy in Fn14 turnover, wherein specific core autophagy Atg8 proteins play distinct roles: Fn14 accumulates in the ERGIC in absence of GABARAP but within endosomes in the vicinity of autophagic membranes in absence of GATE-16. Moreover, GABARAP regulates overall cellular levels of Fn14, whereas GATE-16 regulates TWEAK signaling by Fn14 and thereby NF-κB activity. These findings not only implicate different Atg8 proteins in distinct roles within the mechanism of selective autophagic regulation of Fn14, but may also provide a more general view of their role in mediating autophagosome biogenesis from different membrane sources.
Parsing cultural impacts on regret and risk in Iran, China and the United Kingdom
Authors: Li Li , Kumano Shiro , Keshmirian Anita , Bahrami Bahador , Li Jian , Wright Nicholas D.
Published: September 2018

Value-based choices are influenced both by powerful counterfactuals, such as regret, and also by risk in potential outcomes. Culture can profoundly affect how humans perceive and act in the world, but it remains unknown how regret in value-based choice and key aspects of risk-taking may differ between cultures. Here our computational approach provides precise and independent metrics, grounded in extensive neurobiological evidence, for the influences of risk and regret on choice. We test for commonalities and differences across three diverse cultures: Iran, China and the UK. Including Iran matters because cross-cultural work on value-based choice is lacking for this key 21st Century culture, and also because patterns across the three cultures arbitrates between explanations for differences. We find commonalities, with regret influencing choice across cultures and no consistent cultural difference seen. However, for risk, unlike in both Chinese and Westerners’ choices, Iranians are risk-seeking – findings consistent across two task variants and further explained by Iranians showing less subjective impact of negative, but not positive, outcomes of risky choices. Our computational approach dissects cultural impacts on two key neurobiologically-grounded quantities in value-based choice, showing that neuroscientific accounts cannot a priori isolate such quantities from culture in the cognitive processes underlying choice.
AAV serotype 8-mediated liver specific GNMT expression delays progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage
Authors: Fang Cheng-Chieh , Wu Ching-Fen , Liao Yi-Jen , Huang Shiu-Feng , Chen Marcelo , Chen Yi-Ming Arthur
Published: September 2018

Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is abundantly expressed in normal livers and plays a protective role against tumor formation. GNMT depletion leads to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the activity of ectopic GNMT delivered using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy in mouse models of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Injection of AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) vector carrying the GNMT gene (AAV8-GNMT) in Gnmt−/− mice increased GNMT expression and downregulated pro-inflammatory responses, resulting in reduced liver damage and incidence of liver tumors. Moreover, AAV8-GNMT resulted in the amelioration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in BALB/c mice. We showed that AAV8-GNMT protected hepatocytes from CCl4-induced liver damage.  AAV8-GNMT significantly attenuated the levels of pro-fibrotic markers and increased efficiency of hepatocyte proliferation. These results suggest that correction of hepatic GNMT by gene therapy of AAV8-mediated gene enhancement may provide a potential strategy for preventing and delaying development of liver diseases.
Publisher Correction: The composition of the perinatal intestinal microbiota in cattle
Authors: Alipour Mohammad Jaber , Jalanka Jonna , Pessa-Morikawa Tiina , Kokkonen Tuomo , Satokari Reetta , Hynönen Ulla , Iivanainen Antti , Niku Mikael
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside has the potential to protect mammalian cells from high-LET carbon-ion radiation
Authors: Haskins Alexis H. , Buglewicz Dylan J. , Hirakawa Hirokazu , Fujimori Akira , Aizawa Yasushi , Kato Takamitsu A.
Published: September 2018

DMSO, glycerol, and ascorbic acid (AA) are used in pharmaceuticals and known to display radioprotective effects. The present study investigates radioprotective properties of novel glyceryl glucoside, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, glyceryl ascorbate, and palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (PA). Gamma-rays or high-LET carbon-ions were irradiated in the presence of tested chemicals. Lambda DNA damage, cell survival, and micronuclei formation of CHO cells were analyzed to evaluate radioprotective properties. Radiation-induced Lambda DNA damage was reduced with chemical pre-treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. This confirmed tested chemicals were radical scavengers. For gamma-irradiation, enhanced cell survival and reduction of micronuclei formation were observed for all chemicals. For carbon-ion irradiation, DMSO, glycerol, and PA displayed radioprotection for cell survival. Based on cell survival curves, protection levels by PA were confirmed and comparable between gamma-rays and high-LET carbon-ions. Micronuclei formation was only decreased with AA and a high concentration of glycerol treatment, and not decreased with PA treatment. This suggests that mechanisms of protection against high-LET carbon-ions by PA can differ from normal radical scavenging effects that protect DNA from damage.
Tidal and hydrological periodicities of seismicity reveal new risk scenarios at Campi Flegrei caldera
Authors: Petrosino Simona , Cusano Paola , Madonia Paolo
Published: September 2018

The volcano-tectonic seismicity occurring at Campi Flegrei caldera during its present unrest phase, started in 2005, is distributed into time-clustered events emerging from a background composed of earthquakes with higher inter-arrival times. Here, we show that clustered seismicity is cyclically recurrent at time scales from semidiurnal to annual, matching tidal and hydrological periodicities. These results suggest that volcano-tectonic seismicity at Campi Flegrei caldera is driven by both variations in the deep magmatic feeding system and exogenous phenomena, as rainfall or global inflation/deflation cycles of the Earth’s crust, controlled by the lunisolar interaction. Consequently, the role of exogenous triggers in the evolution of the present unrest phase should be properly considered in the elaboration of volcanic risk scenarios, presently limited to the study of surface indicators of deep phenomena.
Direct measurement of the capillary condensation time of a water nanobridge
Authors: Vitorino Miguel V. , Vieira Arthur , Marques Carolina A. , Rodrigues Mario S.
Published: September 2018

Water menisci wet all sorts of cavities, produce among the most intense forces at the nanoscale and play a role in many physical and chemical processes. The physical properties of these menisci are therefore relevant to understand a multitude of phenomena at the nanoscale where these are involved. Here, using a force feedback microscope, we directly measured the capillary condensation time of a water meniscus, by approaching two surfaces at different speeds and monitoring the relative position of the surfaces at the instant the meniscus is formed.
The Thaumarchaeon N. gargensis carries functional bioABD genes and has a promiscuous E. coli ΔbioH-complementing esterase EstN1
Authors: Chow Jennifer , Danso Dominik , Ferrer Manuel , Streit Wolfgang R.
Published: September 2018

Biotin is an essential cofactor required for carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions in all domains of life. While biotin biosynthesis in most Bacteria and Eukarya is well studied, the complete pathway for this vitamer in Archaea is still not known. Detailed genome searches indicated the presence of possible bio gene clusters only in Methanococcales and Thaumarchaeota. Therefore, we analysed the functionality of the predicted genes bioA, bioB, bioD and bioF in the Thaumarchaeon Nitrososphaera gargensis Ga2.9 which are essential for the later steps of biotin synthesis. In complementation tests, the gene cluster-encoded N. gargensis bioABD genes except bioF restored growth of corresponding E. coli Rosetta-gami 2 (DE3) deletion mutants. To find out how biotin biosynthesis is initiated, we searched the genome for a possible bioH analogue encoding a pimeloyl-ACP-methylester carboxylesterase. The respective amino acid sequence of the ORF estN1 showed weak conserved domain similarity to this class of enzymes (e-value 3.70e−42). Remarkably, EstN1 is a promiscuous carboxylesterase that complements E. coli ΔbioH and Mesorhizobium loti ΔbioZ mutants for growth on biotin-free minimal medium. Additional 3D-structural models support the hypothesis that EstN1 is a BioH analogue. Thus, this is the first report providing experimental evidence that Archaea carry functional bio genes.
Two Tau binding sites on tubulin revealed by thiol-disulfide exchanges
Authors: Martinho Marlène , Allegro Diane , Huvent Isabelle , Chabaud Charlotte , Etienne Emilien , Kovacic Hervé , Guigliarelli Bruno , Peyrot Vincent , Landrieu Isabelle , Belle Valérie , Barbier Pascale
Published: September 2018

Tau is a Microtubule-associated protein that induces and stabilizes the formation of the Microtubule cytoskeleton and plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. The Microtubules binding region of Tau has been determined for a long time but where and how Tau binds to its partner still remain a topic of debate. We used Site Directed Spin Labeling combined with EPR spectroscopy to monitor Tau upon binding to either Taxol-stabilized MTs or to αβ-tubulin when Tau is directly used as an inducer of MTs formation. Using maleimide-functionalized labels grafted on the two natural cysteine residues of Tau, we found in both cases that Tau remains highly flexible in these regions confirming the fuzziness of Tau:MTs complexes. More interestingly, using labels linked by a disulfide bridge, we evidenced for the first time thiol disulfide exchanges between αβ-tubulin or MTs and Tau. Additionally, Tau fragments having the two natural cysteines or variants containing only one of them were used to determine the role of each cysteine individually. The difference observed in the label release kinetics between preformed MTs or Tau-induced MTs, associated to a comparison of structural data, led us to propose two putative binding sites of Tau on αβ-tubulin.
Assortative mixing in spatially-extended networks
Authors: Makarov Vladimir V. , Kirsanov Daniil V. , Frolov Nikita S. , Maksimenko Vladimir A. , Li Xuelong , Wang Zhen , Hramov Alexander E. , Boccaletti Stefano
Published: September 2018

We focus on spatially-extended networks during their transition from short-range connectivities to a scale-free structure expressed by heavy-tailed degree-distribution. In particular, a model is introduced for the generation of such graphs, which combines spatial growth and preferential attachment. In this model the transition to heterogeneous structures is always accompanied by a change in the graph’s degree-degree correlation properties: while high assortativity levels characterize the dominance of short distance couplings, long-range connectivity structures are associated with small amounts of disassortativity. Our results allow to infer that a disassortative mixing is essential for establishing long-range links. We discuss also how our findings are consistent with recent experimental studies of 2-dimensional neuronal cultures.
Effect of adjunctive single high-dose vitamin D3 on outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised adults: The VIDCAPS randomised controlled trial
Authors: Slow Sandy , Epton Michael , Storer Malina , Thiessen Rennae , Lim Steven , Wong James , Chin Paul , Tovaranonte Pleayo , Pearson John , Chambers Stephen T. , Murdoch David R. ,   VIDCAPS Group, Jardine David , Pithie Alan , Warren Christopher , Faville Suzanne , Shankar Avinesh , Cameron Evan , Evans Tom , Mooi Pamela , McDonald Christy , Chan Huan , Llewelyn John , Liu Michael
Published: September 2018

Low vitamin D status is associated with increased risk of pneumonia, greater disease severity and poorer outcome. However, no trials have examined the effect of adjunctive vitamin D therapy on outcomes in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of adjunctive vitamin D in adults hospitalised with CAP. Participants were randomised to either a single oral dose of 200,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo. The primary outcome was the complete resolution of chest radiograph infiltrate at 6 weeks post-study treatment. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, intensive care admission and return to normal activity. Only participants who completed the study or died within the 6 week period were included in the analysis (n = 60 vitamin D, n = 57 placebo). Adjunctive vitamin D did not have any effect on the primary outcome (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.86, p = 0.548). However, there was evidence it increased the complete resolution of pneumonia in participants with baseline vitamin D levels <25 nmol/L (OR 17.0, 95% CI 1.40–549.45, P = 0.043), but this did not reach statistical significance using exact methods (OR 13.0, 95%CI 0.7–960.4, P = 0.083). There were no significant effects for any secondary outcome.
Experimental and Computational Studies on the Basic Transmission Properties of Electromagnetic Waves in Softmaterial Waveguides
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Xu Yuanyuan , Sun Weiqiang , Li Mingzhi , Xu Shengyong
Published: September 2018

Conventional waveguides are usually made of metallic materials, and they are effective pathways for the transmission of electromagnetic waves. A “Softmaterial waveguide”, by contrast, is supposed to be made of dielectric material and ionic fluids. In this work, by means of both experiment and computational simulation we examined one kind of softmaterial waveguide, which has the configuration of ionic fluids filled in and out of a dielectric tube. We investigated configurations with varied parameters, i.e., tube thickness from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm, tube length of 2.0–12.0 cm, ionic concentration covering 4 orders of magnitude from 0.0002–2.0 mol/L, frequency of 10 Hz to 100 MHz for sine wave excitations, pulse duration of 5 ns to 100 ms for excitation pulses. We also mimicked the myelin sheath structure in myelinated axons in simulation. Both experimental and simulation results consistently showed a clear confinement effect for the energy flux of transmitting electromagnetic waves inside the dielectric tube, strongly supporting the model of softmaterail waveguide. The results revealed that the softmaterial waveguide had a low-pass nature, where the intensity of transmitted signals saturated at a duration of 10–100 μs for pulses, or cut off at frequency of 10–100 kHz for sine waves. And, the transmission efficiency increased with the thickness of the dielectric layer, as well as ion concentration of the solution. The results may help for a better understanding various electrical communication behaviors observed in biosystems, where a natural lipid membrane with bilateral fluids was suggested as the efficient pathway for pulsed neural impulses in a way similar to soliton-like electromagnetic pulses transmitting in a softmaterial waveguide.
Microbiosensor fabrication by polydimethylsiloxane stamping for combined sensing of glucose and choline
Authors: Wang Bo , Koo Bonhye , Huang Li-wen , Monbouquette Harold G.
Published: September 2018

A microprobe for sensing of glucose and choline is created by PDMS stamping of GOx and ChOx onto separate microelectrodes.
Pyrazolone: a powerful synthon for asymmetric diverse derivatizations
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Bao Xiaoze , Wang Baomin
Published: September 2018

This feature article reports recent advances in the asymmetric diverse derivatizations of the pyrazolone scaffold.
Enantioselectively functionalised phenytoin derivatives by auxiliary-directed N to C aryl migration in lithiated α-amino nitriles
Authors: Mas-Roselló Josep , Okoh Mary , Clayden Jonathan
Published: September 2018

A ‘non-classical’ diastereoselective intramolecular SNAr reaction allows the construction of chiral diarylglycine derivatives in the form of hydantoins related to phenytoin.
Controllable growth of two-dimensional perovskite microstructures
Authors: Fang Chen , Li Junze , Wang Jun , Chen Rong , Wang Haizhen , Lan Shangui , Xuan Yining , Luo Hongmei , Fei Peng , Li Dehui
Published: September 2018

Controllable synthesis of 2D (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 microstructures with various shapes and sizes for functional optoelectronics.
The effect of surface coverage on N2, NO and N2O formation over Pt(111)
Authors: Gonzalez Juan D. , Shojaee Kambiz , Haynes Brian S. , Montoya Alejandro
Published: September 2018

This study reveals the kinetic parameters of NO, N2and N2O formation on Pt(111) as a function of surface coverage.
Two-dimensional stable transition metal carbides (MnC and NbC) with prediction and novel functionalizations
Authors: Zhang Bingwen , Huang Yina , Bao Weicheng , Wang Baolin , Meng Qiangqiang , Fan Lele , Zhang Qinfang
Published: September 2018

MnC and NbC monolayers are predicted to be stable and promising for Li-ion battery, by functionalization, they exhibit half-metallic property and quantum spin Hall effect, respectively.
Simultaneous activity and surface area measurements on single mesoporous nanoparticle aggregates
Authors: Jiao Xue , Batchelor-McAuley Christopher , Young Neil P. , Compton Richard G.
Published: September 2018

The underpotential deposition of hydrogen and the hydrogen evolution reaction is studied at individual mesoporous nanoparticles. This work shows how the electroactive surface area and catalytic activity of these individual particles can be simultaneously measured.
Fe–N-functionalized carbon electrocatalyst derived from a zeolitic imidazolate framework for oxygen reduction: Fe and NH3treatment effects
Authors: Tran Thanh-Nhan , Shin Cheol-Hwan , Lee Byong-June , Samdani Jitendra S. , Park Jong-Doek , Kang Tong-Hyun , Yu Jong-Sung
Published: September 2018

The amount of Fe and NH3treatment significantly affect the structural and catalytic properties of resulting ZIF-derived Fe–N–C catalysts.
On the nature of active phases and sites in CO and CO2 hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Puga Alberto V.
Published: September 2018

Advanced characterisation techniques are shedding new light on the identification of active COx hydrogenation phases and sites.
PbTeGeO6: polar rosiaite-type germanate featuring a two dimensional layered structure
Authors: Jia Zhen , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai , Xia Mingjun
Published: September 2018

Polar rosiaite-type germanate PbTeGeO6with a layered structure shows a moderate second harmonic generation response.
Diflunisal-adjoined cobalt(iii)-polypyridyl complexes as anti-cancer stem cell agents
Authors: Abe David O. , Eskandari Arvin , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan
Published: September 2018

We report a novel series of cobalt(iii)-polypridyl complexes that can selectively release diflunisal, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, under reducing conditions.
Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifoliusL.) seed β-conglutins reverse the induced insulin resistance in pancreatic cells
Authors: Lima-Cabello Elena , Morales-Santana Sonia , León Josefa , Alché Victor , Clemente Alfonso , Alché Juan D. , Jimenez-Lopez Jose C.
Published: September 2018

Narrow-leafed lupin β-conglutin proteins may help to prevent and treat insulin resistance through pleiotropic effects.
Aluminium-biochar composites as sustainable heterogeneous catalysts for glucose isomerisation in a biorefinery
Authors: Yu Iris K. M. , Xiong Xinni , Tsang Daniel C. W. , Wang Lei , Hunt Andrew J. , Song Hocheol , Shang Jin , Ok Yong Sik , Poon Chi Sun
Published: September 2018

Novel and sustainable aluminium-biochar composite carries amorphous Al-oxygen species, providing Lewis acidity to catalyse isomerisation of glucose to fructose.
Controlled synthesis of Pt and Co3O4 dual-functionalized In2O3 nanoassemblies for room temperature detection of carbon monoxide
Authors: Chen Kuan-Wei , Liu Jen-Pu , Hsu Yu-Shan , Liu Chao-Heng , Pai Ying-Hao , Chen Chun-Hua
Published: September 2018

Innovative Pt and Co3O4 nanostructure co-decorated In2O3 nanobundles have been successfully developed and demonstrated as high-performance room-temperature CO gas sensors.
Seed-induced synthesis of multilamellar ZSM-5 nanosheets directed by amphiphilic organosilane
Authors: Fan Chunyang , Wang Yaquan , Li Hongyao , Wang Xiao , Sun Chao , Zhang Xu , Wang Cui , Wang Shuhai
Published: September 2018

Multilamellar ZSM-5 nanosheets formed by the transformation of ordered MCM-41-like mesophases.
Correction: Ti2C3Tx nanosheets as photothermal agents for near-infrared responsive hydrogels
Authors: Yang Changyu , Xu Danyun , Peng WenChao , Li Yang , Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘Ti2C3Tx nanosheets as photothermal agents for near-infrared responsive hydrogels’ by Changyu Yang et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 15387–15392.
Acid-promoted iron-catalysed dehydrogenative [4 + 2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of quinolines under air
Authors: Yang Jinfei , Meng Xiao , Lu Kai , Lu Zhihao , Huang Minliang , Wang Chengniu , Sun Fei
Published: September 2018

An acid-promoted iron-catalysed dehydrogenative [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction was developed for the synthesis of quinolines using air as a terminal oxidant. Various quinoline derivatives were obtained, and no other byproducts besides water.
Linking morphology and multi-physical transport in structured photoelectrodes
Authors: Suter Silvan , Cantoni Marco , Gaudy Yannick K. , Pokrant Simone , Haussener Sophia
Published: September 2018

The link between morphology and multi-physical transport was numerically quantified based on the geometry of a photoelectrode obtained by FIB-SEM tomography.
AKARI mid-infrared slitless spectroscopic survey of star-forming galaxies at z ≲ 0.5
Authors: Ohyama Y. , Wada T. , Matsuhara H. , Takagi T. , Malkan M. , Goto T. , Egami E. , Lee H.-M. , Im M. , Kim J.H. , Pearson C. , Inami H. , Oyabu S. , Usui F. , Burgarella D. , Mazyed F. , Imanishi M. , Jeong W.-S. , Miyaji T. , Díaz Tello J. , Nakagawa T. , Serjeant S. , Takeuchi T. T. , Toba Y. , White G. J. , Hanami H. , Ishigaki T.
Published: September 2018

Context. Deep mid-infrared (MIR) surveys have revealed numerous strongly star-forming galaxies at redshift z ≲ 2. Their MIR fluxes are produced by a combination of continuum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features. The PAH features can dominate the total MIR flux, but are difficult to measure without spectroscopy.

Aims. We aim to study star-forming galaxies by using a blind spectroscopic survey at MIR wavelengths to understand evolution of their star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (SFR per stellar mass) up to z ≃ 0.5, by paying particular attention to their PAH properties.

Methods. We conducted a low-resolution (R ≃ 50) slitless spectroscopic survey at 5–13 μm of 9 μm flux-selected sources (>0.3 mJy) around the north ecliptic pole with the infrared camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. After removing 11 AGN candidates by using the IRC photometry, we identify 48 PAH galaxies with PAH 6.2, 7.7, and 8.6 μm features at z < 0.5. The rest-frame optical–MIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) based on CFHT and IRC imaging covering 0.37–18 μm were produced, and analysed in conjunction with the PAH spectroscopy. We defined the PAH enhancement by using the luminosity ratio of the 7.7 μm PAH feature over the 3.5 μm stellar component of the SEDs.

Results. The rest-frame SEDs of all PAH galaxies have a universal shape with stellar and 7.7 μm bumps, except that the PAH enhancement significantly varies as a function of the PAH luminosities. We identify a PAH-enhanced population at z ≳ 0.35, whose SEDs and luminosities are typical of luminous infrared galaxies. They show particularly larger PAH enhancement at high luminosity, implying that they are vigorous star-forming galaxies with elevated specific SFR. Our composite starburst model that combines a very young and optically very thick starburst with a very old population can successfully reproduce most of their SED characteristics, although we cannot confirm this optically think component from our spectral analysis.
Synthetic photometry of globular clusters: Uncertainties on synthetic colors
Authors: Martins F.
Published: September 2018

Context. Synthetic photometry is a great tool for studying globular clusters, especially for understanding the nature of their multiple populations.

Aims. Our goal is to quantify the errors on synthetic photometry that are caused by uncertainties on stellar and observational/calibration parameters. These errors can be taken into account when building synthetic color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) that are to be compared to observed CMDs.

Methods. We have computed atmosphere models and synthetic spectra for two stars, Pollux and Procyon, that have stellar parameters typical of turn-off and bottom red giant branch stars in globular clusters. We then varied the effective temperature, surface gravity, microturbulence, the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances, and [Fe/H]. We quantified the effect on synthetic photometry in the following filters: Johnson UBVRI and HST F275W, F336W, F410M, F438W, F555W, F606W, and F814W. We also estimated the effects of extinction, atmospheric correction, and of the Vega reference spectrum on the resulting photometry. In addition, we tested the ability of our models to reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution and observed photometry of the two stars.

Results. We show that variations are generally stronger in blue filters, especially those below 4500 Å. Dispersions on synthetic colors due to uncertainties on stellar parameters vary between less than 0.01 and to 0.04 magnitude, depending on the choice of filters. Uncertainties on the zero points, the extinction law, or the atmospheric correction affect the resulting colors at a level of a few 0.01 magnitudes in a systematic way. The models reproduce the flux-calibrated spectral energy distribution of both stars well. Comparison between synthetic and observed UBVRI photometry shows a variable degree of (dis)agreement. The observed differences indicate that different reduction and calibration processes are performed to obtain respectively observed and synthetic photometry, and they call for publication of all the details of the reduction process to produce synthetic photometry at a 0.01 mag level, which is required to interpret observed CMDs.
Hot stars observed by XMM-Newton
Authors: Nazé Yaël , Motch Christian
Published: September 2018

We perform a survey of Oe and Be stars in the X-ray range. To this aim, we cross-correlated XMM-Newton and Chandra catalogs of X-ray sources with a list of Be stars, finding 84 matches in total. Of these, 51 objects had enough counts for a spectral analysis. This paper provides the derived X-ray properties (X-ray luminosities, and whenever possible, hardness ratios, plasma temperatures, and variability assessment) of this largest ever sample of Oe and Be stars. The targets display a wide range in luminosity and hardness. In particular, the significant presence of very bright and hard sources is atypical for X-ray surveys of OB stars. Several types of sources are identified. A subset of stars display the typical characteristics of O-stars, magnetic OB stars, or pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects: their Be nature does not seem to play an important role. However, another subset comprises γ Cas analogs, which are responsible for the luminous and hard detections. Our sample contains seven known γ Cas analogs, but we also identify eight new γ Cas analogs and one γ Cas candidate. This nearly doubles the sample of such stars.
Lokale allergische Reaktion nach subkutaner Applikation von Procain bei einem Patienten mit Schulterschmerzen – Fallbericht
Authors: Weckmann Gesine , Haase Annekathrin , Chenot Jean-François
Published: September 2018

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 53-jähriger Mann stellte sich mit seit 2 Wochen bestehenden Schulterschmerzen ohne Ausstrahlung in einer Hausarztpraxis vor. Bei der körperlichen Untersuchung wurden außer einer linksbetonten Verspannung der Schultermuskulatur keine Besonderheiten festgestellt.

Untersuchung und Diagnose Wegen der zu erwartenden selbstlimitierenden Art der Beschwerden wurde auf weitere Untersuchungen verzichtet. Aufgrund der lokalen Muskelverspannung ohne Ausstrahlung wurde die Verdachtsdiagnose Schulter-Arm-Syndrom angenommen.

Therapie und Verlauf Die Schmerzen wurden mit subkutaner Applikation von Procain behandelt. Hieraufhin entwickelte der Patient eine lokale allergische Reaktion in Form von Quaddeln an den Injektionsstellen, die sich im Verlauf zurückbildete.

Diskussion Anaphylaktische Reaktionen kommen selten vor, können aber lebensbedrohlich verlaufen, wenn systemische Symptome auftreten oder vitale Strukturen betroffen sind.

Der Patient soll über die Bedeutung der Allergie in Bezug auf medizinische Behandlungen, wie Zahnarztbehandlungen und Kreuzreaktionen mit anderen Medikamenten, aufgeklärt werden.
Notfallversorgung: Besserung in Sicht?!
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: September 2018

Lange konnten Krankenhausmanager das Gefühl haben, dass sie von der Politik letztendlich allein gelassen werden, wenn es um das Dauerthema der überfüllten Notaufnahmen geht. Die damit verbundenen Probleme wie etwa defizitäre Vergütung, fehlendes Personal und durch teils stundenlange Wartezeiten unzufriedene Patienten rückten erst sehr spät in den Handlungs-Fokus der politischen Entscheidungsträger. Jetzt aber gibt es mehrere Entwicklungen, die hoffen lassen, dass sich das System der Notfallversorgung langfristig und nachhaltig verändern lässt.
Leserbrief: Einkauf im Krankenhaus: Kein Akt des Jonglierens!
Authors: Schmidt Anton J.
Published: September 2018

Die Professionalität von Einkaufsabteilungen in Kliniken hat sich in den letzten 10 Jahren erheblich entwickelt. Die Komplexität des Beschaffungsmanagements ist vielfach verstanden, ganzheitliche Betrachtungen von Beschaffungs- und Behandlungskosten werden zunehmend Standard. Beschaffungsinstitutionen sind dabei wertvolle Partner.
Klinikunternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: September 2018

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
HIMSS Impact18: Leading Digital Transformation und Big Data in Medicine
Authors: Schützmann Sabine
Published: September 2018

Am 17. und 18. Oktober findet im Hasso-Plattner-Institut (HPI) in Potsdam zum zweiten Mal die HIMSS Impact statt: Ein englischsprachiges Symposium, welches aktuelle Trends im Gesundheitswesen, digitale Strategien und jüngste Forschungserkenntnisse beleuchtet.
Krankenhäuser und ihre Einweiser: Top 5: Das erwarten Einweiser von „ihren“ Kliniken
Authors: Landherr Stefan , Anter Alexander , Campe Lothar
Published: September 2018

Die in vivo GmbH hat Anfang des Jahres eine bundesweite und einrichtungsunabhängige Befragung von Einweisern durchgeführt. Die Antworten der rund 47 600 befragten niedergelassenen Ärzte und Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten geben einen umfassenden Einblick in die Erwartungen und Vorstellungen von Einweisern bei der Zusammenarbeit mit Krankenhäusern.
Fort- und Weiterbildung: Ausländische Ärzte: Wege in den Arbeitsmarkt
Authors: Rosenthal Barbara
Published: September 2018

Für viele deutsche Chefärzte und Klinikgeschäftsführer sind Mediziner mit anderen Staatsbürgerschaften unverzichtbar. Doch der Weg bis zur Berufszulassung ist nicht einfach.
Energiemanagement: Westküstenkliniken sparen rund 635 000 Euro an Energiekosten
Authors: Kimstädt Sebastian
Published: September 2018

Die Westküstenkliniken haben den Jahresenergiebericht 2017 vorgelegt. Demnach sparen die Kliniken durch den Einsatz moderner Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung jedes Jahr rund 635 000 Euro an Energiekosten. Aber auch die Sicherheit der Energieversorgung spielt beim Energiemanagement der Kliniken eine wichtige Rolle.
Pflegeausbildung: Wir brauchen mehr Generalisten in der Pflege!
Authors: Tischler Klaus
Published: September 2018

Die generalistische Pflegeausbildung wird als eine von mehreren Möglichkeiten gesehen, um den bestehenden Fachkräftemangel zu begegnen. Hinter den Kulissen tobt ein Kampf der Interessengruppen. Klaus Tischler, Pflegedirektor und Vorstandsmitglied am Uniklinikum Tübingen mit einem Plädoyer für die Generalisten.
Verbesserte Frühchenversorgung: Den Eltern ganz nah
Authors: Ihly Michael
Published: September 2018

Mit einem gemeinsamen Projekt wollen die Techniker Krankenkasse (TK), das Stuttgarter Start-up „Babybe“ und Kliniken in Deutschland die Versorgung von Frühchen verbessern. Im Mittelpunkt: Eine Hightech-Gelmatratze die am elterlichen Körper gemessenen Werte wieder in Töne und Bewegungen umsetzt.
Peter Buhl verlässt die MT-BÜhne: Klinische Wechseljahre
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: September 2018

„Während uns die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens nicht weniger als eine technische Revolution verheißt, erschwert die neue EU-Medizinproduktebetreiberverordnung innovativen Technologien massiv den Marktzugang.“
Autismo: aspectos nutrológicos das dietas e possível etiologia
Authors: Anderle Tiago , de Mello Elza
Published: September 2018

Os transtornos do espectro autista (TEAs) referem-se a um grupo de transtornos caracterizados por um espectro compartilhado de prejuízos qualitativos na interação social, associados a comportamentos repetitivos e interesses restritos pronunciados. As causas desta doença ainda continuam desconhecidas, mas devido à grande incidência de crianças acometidas, atualmente, tem-se estudado e difundido intervenções dietéticas a fim de melhorar os sintomas psíquicos e físicos de pacientes acometidos por TEAs. Dietas de exclusão tornaram-se cada vez mais populares entre os pais que procuram tratamento para crianças diagnosticadas com autismo, como a dieta cetogênica, a dieta de carboidratos específicos, a dieta Feingold, a dieta com baixo teor de oxalato e a dieta sem glúten e sem caseína (SGSC), assim como a suplementação de complexos vitamínicos. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é avaliar se a dieta SGSC, que é a mais divulgada e adotada ultimamente, é realmente efetiva, e quais são as suas consequências nutricionais. Método: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Conclusão: A dieta SGSC é a mais estudada e parece melhorar o comportamento e os transtornos gastrointestinais de crianças com TEAs.
Immunonkologische Kombination floppt in Phase-III-Studie
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Um die Effektivität der immunonkologischen Therapie weiter zu steigern, werden heute Kombinationen von PD-(L)-1-Inhibitoren mit unterschiedlichen Substanzen intensiv geprüft. Allerdings nicht immer mit dem erwünschten Ergebnis: In der Phase-III-Studie ECHO-301 beim inoperablen Melanom war das Regime mit Pembrolizumab und dem IDO-1-Inhibitor Epacadostat nicht effektiver als Pembrolizumab mono.
Neue Therapieoptionen für die rezidivierte/refraktäre Erkrankung
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Die erste Jahresversammlung des European Myeloma Network (EMN) versammelte 600 Teilnehmer aus ganz Europa, um über die Fortschritte in der Therapie des multiplen Myeloms (MM) zu diskutieren. In einer Sitzung zum rezidivierten und refraktären Myelom wurden neue Therapieoptionen und der optimale Zeitpunkt und Patienten-selektion für den Einsatz aufgezeigt.
Ruxolitinib – eine additive Therapieoption?
Authors: Vollmer Helga , München M. A.
Published: September 2018

Belastende Symptome wie potenziell lebensbedrohende thromboembolische Kompli-kationen und Splenomegalie sind typisch für eine Polycythaemia vera (PV) und eine Essentielle Thrombozythämie (ET). Wichtigstes Therapieziel ist die Reduktion des Risikos thromboembolischer Ereignisse, nicht zuletzt von Lungenembolie, kardiovas-kulären Komplikationen und Schlaganfall, durch Senkung des Hämatokrit-Wertes auf unter 45 %.
Existenzielles Leiden und sinnbezogene Interventionen
Authors: Schulz-Kindermann F.
Published: September 2018

Die Befindlichkeit Schwerstkranker wird üblicherweise im Rahmen der multidimensionalen gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität beschrieben. Diese erfasst jedoch nicht Aspekte existenziellen Leidens, wie sie z. B. Eric Cassell definierte. In den vergangenen Jahren entstand eine Vielzahl empirischer Arbeiten zum Erleben von und zur Intervention bei umfassendem Leiden. Mittlerweile konnte überzeugende Evidenz sowohl zur Konzeption von „Leiden“ als auch zu dessen Linderung mithilfe psychotherapeutischer Interventionen vorgelegt werden. Sinnorientierte Therapieverfahren liegen sowohl als Einzelals auch als Gruppeninterventionen vor. Ein besonders vielversprechender Ansatz ist die einzeltherapeutische Kurzzeitintervention „Managing Cancer And Living Meaningfully CALM“, deren Prüfung zurzeit in mehreren internationalen RCTs erfolgt.
Langzeitbehandlung der Inkontinenz
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Die Harninkontinenz ist eine bekannte Nebenwirkung bei der operativen Behandlung des Prostata- und des Harnblasenkarzinoms. Patienten mit radikaler Prostatektomie, gefolgt von der Anlage der Neoblase nach Resektion der Harnblase, machen die beiden größten Gruppen der Rehabilitationspatienten mit Harninkontinenz aus. Dr. Oliver Brock, Urologisches Kompetenzzentrum für die Rehabilitation (UKR) der Kliniken Hartenstein in Bad Wildungen, sprach in einer Sitzung der ASORS, AUO und CAO-V auf dem Deutschen Krebskongress zur Behandlung der Harninkontinenz bei urologischen Tumoren.
Optimale Länge der systemischen Therapie
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

In der täglichen Praxis stellt sich einerseits die Frage, welche Behandlung in der aktuellen Situation einzuleiten ist, aber andererseits auch, wann eine aktive Tumortherapie zu beenden ist und die palliative Betreuung mit der besten supportiven Behandlung eingeleitet werden sollte. Dr. Robert Tauber, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, gab diesbezüglich beim Deutschen Krebskongress Hilfestellung für die Entscheidungsfindung beim metastasieren kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC).
Molekulare Pathologie des ösophagogastralen Adenokarzinoms
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Die molekularbiologische Beschreibung des Magenkarzinoms hat sich durch die Arbeit des TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) Research Network stark gewandelt. In einer aktuellen Publikation des TCGA wurden vier genomische Subtypen unterschieden: Epstein-Barr-Virus-infizierte Tumoren (EBV), Mikrosatelliten-instabile Tumoren (MSI), genomisch stabile Tumoren (GS) und chromosomal instabile Tumoren (CIN). Dabei unterscheidet sich das Plattenepithel des Ösophagus fundamental vom dem des Adenokarzinoms Das Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus bzw. des ösophagogastralen Übergangs (ÖGÜ) entspricht eher dem CIN-Subtyp des proximalen Magenkarzinoms, berichtete Prof. Timo Gaiser, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, auf dem Deutschen Krebs-kongress (DKK) in Berlin.
Gelenksonografie – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Strunk Johannes
Published: September 2018

The availability of modern ultrasound machines with high resolution scanners and sensitive Doppler functions facilitates the investigation of joints and tendons in different conditions. It should be the first diagnostic step in musculoskeletal diseases which is done in a structured sequence according to official guidelines.