bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Enrichment Genesis of the Platinum Group Elements (PGEs) in Organic Rich Shale of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations of Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Zhang Qian , Men Yupeng , Yu Qian , Wang Guozhi , Xiao Yuanfu , Zhang Haiquan , Zhao Ankun , Zhou Yexin , Cao Junfeng
Published: October 2022

The petrology, mineralogy, elemental geochemistry, biology and PGEs characteristics of the black shale of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the CN outcrop of the Sichuan Basin are studied in this paper. The distribution and change in PGEs at different horizons are summarized, and the reasons for PGEs enrichment are discussed. The results show that the PGEs in the organic-rich shale segment are obviously enriched, which is positively correlated with the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content and has a Pt–Pd distribution characteristic. δEuN, Pd/Pt, (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ru + Ir), etc., and SiO2–Al2O3 and It/Pt–Pd/Pt discrimination diagrams, indicate that they are not extraterrestrial sources, nor are they the origins of normal seawater deposition but they are related to hydrothermal deposition. The enrichment process of PGEs is relatively complicated and is controlled by the impact of the sedimentary environment in the restricted basin. The anoxic water environment and organic-rich environment are the main factors of PGEs enrichment. PGEs and TOC have a good positive correlation and can be used as index parameters for sedimentary environments and organic matter enrichment.
Extraction of Metal Ions by Interfacially Active Janus Nanoparticles Supported by Wax Colloidosomes Obtained from Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Pauli Oliver , Honciuc Andrei
Published: October 2022

Most common wastewater treatment technologies for ion extraction and recovery rely on pumping wastewater through ion-exchange columns, filled with surface-functionalized polymer microspheres. To avoid the energetically intensive process of pumping large quantities of water through ion-exchange columns, alternative technologies are being developed, such as water-floating membranes containing ligands. In this context, innovative materials could be deployed. Here, we report nanostructured paraffine wax microspheres capable of floating on water, a design based on Pickering emulsion technology, where Janus nanoparticles act both as emulsion stabilizers and as ligand carriers. In the process of emulsification of molten wax in water, followed by cooling, the branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) carrying Janus nanoparticles are trapped at the molten wax/water interface, forming spherical microspheres or colloidosomes decorated with nanoparticles. The paraffine wax colloidosomes stabilized by ligand-carrying Janus nanoparticles are capable of floating on water and show high metal ion extraction capacities towards Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). In addition, we demonstrate that the ions can be recovered from the colloidosomes and that the colloidosomes can withstand several extraction/recovery cycles with little or no loss in the absorption capacity.
Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing Using Electrospun Biocompatible PLGA-Based Saxagliptin Fibrous Membranes
Authors: Lee Chen-Hung , Huang Shu-Chun , Hung Kuo-Chun , Cho Chia-Jung , Liu Shih-Jung
Published: October 2022

Delayed diabetic wound healing is an adverse event that frequently leads to limb disability or loss. A novel and promising vehicle for the treatment of diabetic wounds is required for clinical purposes. The biocompatible and resorbable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based fibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning that provide a sustained discharge of saxagliptin for diabetic wound healing were fabricated. The concentration of released saxagliptin in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline was analyzed for 30 days using high-performance liquid chromatography. The effectiveness of the eluted saxagliptin was identified using an endothelial progenitor cell migration assay in vitro and a diabetic wound healing in vivo. Greater hydrophilicity and water storage were shown in the saxagliptin-incorporated PLGA membranes than in the pristine PLGA membranes (both p < 0.001). For diabetic wound healing, the saxagliptin membranes accelerated the wound closure rate, the dermal thickness, and the heme oxygenase-1 level over the follicle areas compared to those in the pristine PLGA group at two weeks post-treatment. The saxagliptin group also had remarkably higher expressions of insulin-like growth factor I expression and transforming growth factor-β1 than the control group (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively) in diabetic wounds after treatment. The electrospun PLGA-based saxagliptin membranes exhibited excellent biomechanical and biological features that enhanced diabetic wound closure and increased the antioxidant activity, cellular granulation, and functionality.
Optimizing the Synthetic Conditions of “Green” Colloidal AgBiS2 Nanocrystals Using a Low-Cost Sulfur Source
Authors: Li Qiao , Zheng Xiaosong , Shen Xiaoyu , Ding Shuai , Feng Hongjian , Wu Guohua , Zhang Yaohong
Published: October 2022

Colloidal AgBiS2 nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted increasing attention as a near–infrared absorbent materials with non–toxic elements and a high absorption coefficient. In recent years, colloidal AgBiS2 NCs have typically been synthesized via the hot injection method using hexamethyldisilathiane (TMS) as the sulfur source. However, the cost of TMS is one of the biggest obstacles to large–scale synthesis of colloidal AgBiS2 NCs. Herein, we synthesized colloidal AgBiS2 NCs using oleylamine@sulfur (OLA–S) solution as the sulfur source instead of TMS and optimized the synthesis conditions of colloidal AgBiS2 NCs. By controlling the reaction injection temperature and the dosage of OLA–S, colloidal AgBiS2 NCs with adjustable size can be synthesized. Compared with TMS–based colloidal AgBiS2 NCs, the colloidal AgBiS2 NCs based on OLA–S has good crystallinity and fewer defects.
Role of Solvent Used in Development of Graphene Oxide Coating on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy: Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility Analysis
Authors: Maqsood Muhammad Faheem , Raza Mohsin Ali , Rehman Zaeem Ur , Tayyeb Asima , Makhdoom Muhammad Atif , Ghafoor Faisal , Latif Umar , Khan Muhammad Farooq
Published: October 2022

Clinical applications of bio-absorbable magnesium (Mg) and its alloys can be enhanced by increasing their corrosion resistance, using surface modification and functionality. In this study, we synthesized graphene oxide (GO) through improved Hummers’ method and deposited it on biodegradable AZ31B Mg alloy for further characterization. Different suspensions of GO were prepared in various solvents, like deionized water, ethanol, and acetone by ultra-sonication. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to develop GO coatings on AZ31B Mg using different GO suspensions. Effect of various solvents on corrosion behavior, as well as in vitro biocompatibility, was studied. The optimized EPD parameters were 3 volts and 90 s for coating. Different characterization techniques were used to study GO and prepared coatings. Atomic force microscopy found that the average thickness of GO was ~1 nm. Electrochemical behavior of coatings was studied through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel analysis in Ringer’s lactate solution. Tafel analysis revealed that GO coatings deposited by GO water suspension increased corrosion protection efficiency of AZ31B Mg alloy by ~94%. After 72 h incubation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells extract, in vitro analysis was performed to determine the cell viability and biocompatibility of the GO- coated and bare Mg samples. GO coatings deposited by GO water suspension demonstrated ~2× cell viability, as well as nontoxicity and better biocompatibility compared to the bare and other GO-coated Mg samples.
High Crystallinity Vertical Few-Layer Graphene Grown Using Template Method Assisted ICPCVD Approach
Authors: Hong Tianzeng , Zhan Runze , Zhang Yu , Deng Shaozhi
Published: October 2022

Controllable synthesis of high crystallinity, low defects vertical few-layer graphene (VFLG) is significant for its application in electron emission, sensor or energy storage, etc. In this paper, a template method was introduced to grow high crystallinity VFLG (HCVFLG). A copper mask acted as a template which has two effects in the high-density plasma enhanced deposition which are protecting VFLG from ion etching and creating a molecular gas flow to assist efficient growth. Raman and TEM results confirmed the improved crystallinity of VFLG with the assistance of a copper mask. As a field emitter, the HCVFLG has a large field emission current and a low turn-on field. The maximum field emission current of a single HCVFLG sheet reaches 93 μA which is two orders of magnitude higher than VFLG grown without a mask. The maximum current density of HCVFLG film reached 67.15 mA/cm2 and is 2.6 times of VFLG grown without a mask. The vacuum breakdown mechanism of HCVFLG was contacted interface damage resulting in VFLG detaching from the substrate. This work provides a practical strategy for high-quality VFLG controllable synthesis and provides a simple method to realize the pattern growth of VFLG.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy with a High Velocity Resolution in the Studies of Nanomaterials
Authors: Alenkina Irina , Ushakov Michael , Morais Paulo , Kalai Selvan Ramakrishan , Kuzmann Ernő , Klencsár Zoltán , Felner Israel , Homonnay Zoltán , Oshtrakh Michael
Published: October 2022

The present review describes our long experience in the application of Mössbauer spectroscopy with a high velocity resolution (a high discretization of the velocity reference signal) in the studies of various nanosized and nanostructured iron-containing materials. The results reviewed discuss investigations of: (I) nanosized iron cores in: (i) extracted ferritin, (ii) ferritin in liver and spleen tissues in normal and pathological cases, (iii) ferritin in bacteria, (iv) pharmaceutical ferritin analogues; (II) nanoparticles developed for magnetic fluids for medical purposes; (III) nanoparticles and nanostructured FINEMET alloys developed for technical purposes. The results obtained demonstrate that the high velocity resolution Mössbauer spectroscopy permits to excavate more information and to extract more spectral components in the complex Mössbauer spectra with overlapped components, in comparison with those obtained by using conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy. This review also shows the advances of Mössbauer spectroscopy with a high velocity resolution in the study of various iron-based nanosized and nanostructured materials since 2005.
Editorial: Functional Nanomaterials for Sensor Applications
Authors: Rodriguez Noel , Morales Diego P. , Rivadeneyra Almudena
Published: October 2022

Functional nanomaterials have become one of the most fascinating fields in nanotechnology [...]
Investigation of Different Types of Micro- and Nanostructured Materials for Bone Grafting Application
Authors: Targonska Sara , Dominiak Sebastian , Wiglusz Rafał J. , Dominiak Marzena
Published: October 2022

The insufficient volume of dental ridges is one of the most severe problems regarding an oral cavity. An inadequate amount can cause problems during various types of dental treatment. Its complexity originates from the etiopathogenesis of this problem. In this study, the representatives of auto-, allo-, and xenografts are compared. The physic-chemical differences between each of them were evaluated using XRD (X-ray Powder Diffraction), a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). Based on the SEM images, it was observed that the origin of the material has an influence on collagen fiber compact level and porosity. Following a comparison of FT-IR spectra and XRD, the crystal and chemical structures were described. Based on TGA, different water concentrations of the investigated materials, their high thermal stability, and concentration of inorganic phase, hydroxyapatite was determined. The presented study is important because it delivers information about chemical structure and its impact on bone regeneration. This knowledge should be taken into consideration by dental clinicians, because different types of bone grafts can accommodate the achievement of various goals.
Mn3O4@ZnO Hybrid Material: An Excellent Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Synthetic Dyes including Methylene Blue, Methyl Orange and Malachite Green
Authors: Shaikh Benazir , Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Tahira Aneela , Shah Abdul Karim , Usto Azam , Aftab Umair , Bukhari Sarah I. , Alshehri Sultan , Shah Bukhari Syed Nizam Uddin , Tonezzer Matteo , Vigolo Brigitte , Ibhupoto Zaffar Hussain
Published: October 2022

In this study, we synthesized hybrid systems based on manganese oxide@zinc oxide (Mn3O4@ZnO), using sol gel and hydrothermal methods. The hybrid materials exhibited hierarchical morphologies and structures characterized by the hexagonal phase of ZnO and the tetragonal phase of Mn3O4. The hybrid materials were tested for degradation of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and malachite green (MG) under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The aim of this work was to observe the effect of various amounts of Mn3O4 in enhancing the photocatalytic properties of ZnO-based hybrid structures towards the degradation of MB, MO and MG. The ZnO photocatalyst showed better performance with an increasing amount of Mn3O4, and the degradation efficiency for the hybrid material containing the maximum amount of Mn3O4 was found to be 94.59%, 89.99%, and 97.40% for MB, MO and MG, respectively. The improvement in the performance of hybrid materials can be attributed to the high charge separation rate of electron-hole pairs, the co-catalytic role, the large number of catalytic sites, and the synergy for the production of high quantities of oxidizing radicals. The performance obtained from the various Mn3O4@ZnO hybrid materials suggest that Mn3O4 can be considered an effective co-catalyst for a wide range of photocatalytic materials such as titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and carbon-based materials, in developing practical hybrid photocatalysts for the degradation of dyes and for wastewater treatment.
Photocatalytic Investigation of Aerosol-Assisted Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposited Hybrid TiO2 Containing Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Lo Porto Chiara , Dell’Edera Massimo , De Pasquale Ilaria , Milella Antonella , Fracassi Francesco , Curri Maria Lucia , Comparelli Roberto , Palumbo Fabio
Published: October 2022

We report on the aerosol-assisted atmospheric-pressure plasma deposition onto a stainless-steel woven mesh of a thin nanocomposite coating based on TiO2 nanoparticles hosted in a hybrid organic–inorganic matrix, starting from nanoparticles dispersed in a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane and isopropyl alcohol. The stainless-steel mesh was selected as an effective support for the possible future technological application of the coating for photocatalytically assisted water depollution. The prepared coatings were thoroughly investigated from the chemical and morphological points of view and were demonstrated to be photocatalytically active in the degradation of an organic molecule, used as a pollutant model, in water upon UV light irradiation. In order to optimize the photocatalytic performance, different approaches were investigated for the coating’s realization, namely (i) the control of the deposition time and (ii) the application of a postdeposition O2 plasma treatment on the pristine coatings. Both strategies were found to be able to increase the photocatalytic activity, and, remarkably, their combination resulted in a further enhancement of the photoactivity. Indeed, the proposed combined approach allowed a three-fold increase in the kinetic constant of the degradation reaction of the model dye methylene blue with respect to the pristine coating. Interestingly, the chemical and morphological characterizations of all the prepared coatings were able to account for the enhancement of the photocatalytic performance. Indeed, the presence of the TiO2 nanoparticles on the outmost surface of the film confirmed the accessibility of the photocatalytic sites in the nanocomposite and reasonably explained the enhanced photocatalytic performance. In addition, the sustained photoactivity (>5 cycles of use) of the nanocomposites was demonstrated.
Structure Effect on the Response of ZnGa2O4 Gas Sensor for Nitric Oxide Applications
Authors: Horng Ray-Hua , Lin Shu-Hsien , Hung Dun-Ru , Chao Po-Hsiang , Fu Pin-Kuei , Chen Cheng-Hsu , Chen Yi-Che , Shao Jhih-Hong , Huang Chiung-Yi , Tarntair Fu-Gow , Liu Po-Liang , Hsiao Ching-Lien
Published: October 2022

We fabricated a gas sensor with a wide-bandgap ZnGa2O4 (ZGO) epilayer grown on a sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The ZGO presented (111), (222) and (333) phases demonstrated by an X-ray diffraction system. The related material characteristics were also measured by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This ZGO gas sensor was used to detect nitric oxide (NO) in the parts-per-billion range. In this study, the structure effect on the response of the NO gas sensor was studied by altering the sensor dimensions. Two approaches were adopted to prove the dimension effect on the sensing mechanism. In the first approach, the sensing area of the sensors was kept constant while both channel length (L) and width (W) were varied with designed dimensions (L × W) of 60 × 200, 80 × 150, and 120 ×100 μm2. In the second, the dimensions of the sensing area were altered (60, 40, and 20 μm) with W kept constant. The performance of the sensors was studied with varying gas concentrations in the range of 500 ppb~10 ppm. The sensor with dimensions of 20 × 200 μm2 exhibited a high response of 11.647 in 10 ppm, and 1.05 in 10 ppb for NO gas. The sensor with a longer width and shorter channel length exhibited the best response. The sensing mechanism was provided to explain the above phenomena. Furthermore, the reaction between NO and the sensor surface was simulated by O exposure of the ZGO surface in air and calculated by first principles.
Alpha-Germanium Nanolayers for High-Performance Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Sierra Laura , Gibaja Carlos , Torres Iñigo , Salagre Elena , Avilés Moreno Juan Ramón , Michel Enrique G. , Ocón Pilar , Zamora Félix
Published: October 2022

The exfoliation of tridimensional crystal structures has recently been considered a new source of bidimensional materials. The new approach offers the possibility of dramatically enlarging the library of bidimensional materials, but the number of nanolayers produced so far is still limited. Here, we report for the first time the use of a new type of material, α-germanium nanolayers (2D α-Ge). The 2D α-Ge is obtained by exfoliating crystals of α-germanium in a simple one-step procedure assisted by wet ball-milling (gram-scale fabrication). The α-germanium nanolayers have been tested as anode material for high-performance LIBs. The results show excellent performance in semi-cell configuration with a high specific capacity of 1630 mAh g−1 for mass loading of 1 mg cm−2 at 0.1 C. The semi-cell was characterized by a constant current rate of 0.5 C during 400 cycles and different scan rates (0.1 C, 0.5 C, and 1 C). Interestingly, the structural characterization, including Raman spectroscopy, XRPD, and XPS, concludes that 2D α-Ge largely retains its crystallinity after continuous cycling. These results can be used to potentially apply these novel 2D germanium nanolayers to high-performance Li-ion batteries.
The Synthesis of Carbon Black-Loaded Pt Concave Nanocubes with High-Index Facets and Their Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties toward Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Xu Xin , Ma Ze , Su Zekun , Li Danqing , Dong Xufeng , Huang Hao , Qi Min
Published: October 2022

Catalysts with high catalytic activity and good stability are desirable in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. Herein, Pt concave nanocubes with high-index facets (HIFs) supported by carbon black (Pt CNC/CB) are prepared through a hydrothermal method. The experimental results demonstrate that the peak current densities in different potential regions on the Pt CNC/CB anode are 0.22, 0.20, and 0.60 mA cm−2. The catalytic process of the glucose oxidation reaction is investigated in electrolytes with different pH values. Better stability is achieved by Pt CNC/CB than by Pt concave nanocubes (Pt CNCs). Abundant surface defects with low-coordinated atom numbers, such as steps, kinks, and edges, served as active sites in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. With the addition of carbon black, the catalytic activity can be improved by facilitating the full exposure of the active surface defects on the HIFs of the Pt CNCs. Moreover, to address the aggregation of Pt CNCs, caused by the high surface energy of HIFs, the introduction of carbon material is an effective way to preserve the HIFs and thus enhance the stability of the catalyst. Hence, the prepared Pt CNC/CB electrocatalyst has great potential to be applied in the electrooxidation of glucose.
A High Refractive Index Plasmonic Micro-Channel Sensor Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Lv Jiangtao , Liang Tong , Gu Qiongchan , Liu Qiang , Ying Yu , Si Guangyuan
Published: October 2022

A new concave shaped high refractive index plasmonic sensor with a micro-channel is proposed in this work, which comprises an analyte channel in the core hole. The sensor is elaborately designed to reduce the interference effect from the metal coating. Furthermore, the impact of the proposed structure on the sensitivity is also investigated by engineering the geometric parameters using the finite element method. We select gold as the plasmonic material in this theoretical study because it is widely used to fabricate plasmonic and metamaterial devices due to its chemical stability and compatibility. According to wavelength interrogation technique, simulations results show that this sensor can obtain maximal wavelength sensitivity of 10,050 nm/refractive index unit. In view of the excellent indicators of this device, it has important development potential in chemical and biological research fields.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Enhance the Anticancer Efficacy of Platinum(IV)-Phenolate Conjugates in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Predarska Ivana , Saoud Mohamad , Drača Dijana , Morgan Ibrahim , Komazec Teodora , Eichhorn Thomas , Mihajlović Ekatarina , Dunđerović Duško , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie , Kaluđerović Goran N.
Published: October 2022

The main reasons for the limited clinical efficacy of the platinum(II)-based agent cisplatin include drug resistance and significant side effects. Due to their better stability, as well as the possibility to introduce biologically active ligands in their axial positions constructing multifunctional prodrugs, creating platinum(IV) complexes is a tempting strategy for addressing these limitations. Another strategy for developing chemotherapeutics with lower toxicity relies on the ability of nanoparticles to accumulate in greater quantities in tumor tissues through passive targeting. To combine the two approaches, three platinum(IV) conjugates based on a cisplatin scaffold containing in the axial positions derivatives of caffeic and ferulic acid were prepared and loaded into SBA-15 to produce the corresponding mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The free platinum(IV) conjugates demonstrated higher or comparable activity with respect to cisplatin against different human breast cancer cell lines, while upon immobilization, superior antiproliferative activity with markedly increased cytotoxicity (more than 1000-fold lower IC50 values) compared to cisplatin was observed. Mechanistic investigations with the most potent conjugate, cisplatin-diacetyl caffeate (1), and the corresponding MSNs (SBA-15|1) in a 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line showed that these compounds induce apoptotic cell death causing strong caspase activation. In vivo, in BALB/c mice, 1 and SBA-15|1 inhibited the tumor growth while decreasing the necrotic area and lowering the mitotic rate.
Carbon Nanotube Migration in Melt-Compounded PEO/PE Blends and Its Impact on Electrical and Rheological Properties
Authors: Lencar Calin Constantin , Ramakrishnan Shashank , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: October 2022

In this work, the effects of MWCNT concentration and mixing time on the migration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within polyethylene oxide (PEO)/polyethylene (PE) blends are studied. Two-step mixing used to pre-localize MWCNTs within the PE phase and subsequently to observe their migration into the thermodynamically favored PEO phase. SEM micrographs show that many MWCNTs migrated into PEO. PEO/PE 40:60 polymer blend nanocomposites with 3 vol% MWCNTs mixed for short durations exhibited exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and electrical conductivity (14.1 dB and 22.1 S/m, respectively), with properties dropping significantly at higher mixing times, suggesting the disruption of percolated MWCNT networks within the PE phase. PE grafted with maleic anhydride (PEMA) was introduced as a compatibilizer to arrest the migration of MWCNTs by creating a barrier at the PEO/PE interface. For the compatibilized system, EMI SE and electrical conductivity measurements showed a peak in electrical properties at 5 min of mixing (15.6 dB and 68.7 S/m), higher than those found for uncompatibilized systems. These improvements suggest that compatibilization can be effective at halting MWCNT migration. Although utilizing differences in thermodynamic affinity to draw MWCNTs toward the polymer/polymer interface of polymer blend systems can be an effective way to achieve interfacial localization, an excessively low viscosity of the destination phase may play a major role in reducing the entrapment of MWCNTs at the interface.
Photoluminescence and Electrical Properties of n-Ce-Doped ZnO Nanoleaf/p-Diamond Heterojunction
Authors: Wang Qinglin , Yao Yu , Sang Xianhe , Zou Liangrui , Ge Shunhao , Wang Xueting , Zhang Dong , Wang Qingru , Zhou Huawei , Fan Jianchao , Sang Dandan
Published: October 2022

The n-type Ce:ZnO (NL) grown using a hydrothermal method was deposited on a p-type boron-doped nanoleaf diamond (BDD) film to fabricate an n-Ce:ZnO NL/p-BDD heterojunction. It shows a significant enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) intensity and a more pronounced blue shift of the UV emission peak (from 385 nm to 365 nm) compared with the undoped heterojunction (n-ZnO/p-BDD). The prepared heterojunction devices demonstrate good thermal stability and excellent rectification characteristics at different temperatures. As the temperature increases, the turn-on voltage and ideal factor (n) of the device gradually decrease. The electronic transport behaviors depending on temperature of the heterojunction at different bias voltages are discussed using an equilibrium band diagram and semiconductor theoretical model.
In-Situ SERS Detection of Hg2+/Cd2+ and Congo Red Adsorption Using Spiral CNTs/Brass Nails
Authors: Shaban Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Brass spiral nails were functionalized with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and utilized as a substrate for the growth of extremely long CNTs with helical structures and diameters smaller than 20 nm. Different methods were used to characterize the grown CNTs’ structures and morphologies. The characteristic Raman peaks of CNTs were amplified four times after being uploaded on the spiral nail, making the substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) more sensitive. To detect Hg2+ and Cd2+ at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 ppb, a CNT/spiral brass nail was used as a SERS substrate. The proposed sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity between these heavy metal ions. As a result, the proposed CNTs/spiral brass sensor can be an effective tool for identifying heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. In addition, Congo red (CR) adsorption as a function of initial dye concentration and contact time was investigated. For CR dye solutions with concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/L, respectively, the highest removal percentage was determined to be ~99.9%, 85%, and 77%. According to the kinetics investigation, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models effectively handle CR adsorption onto CNTs/spiral nails. The increase in the dye concentration from 5 ppm to 20 ppm causes the rate constant to drop from 0.053 to 0.040 min−1. Therefore, our sample can be employed for both the effective degradation of CR dye from wastewater and the detection of heavy metals.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Intronic Transcripts in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Rothzerg Emel , Xu Jiake , Wood David
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade; the discovery and characterization of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have revealed that they play a major role in the development of various diseases; including cancer. Intronic transcripts are one of the most fascinating lncRNAs that are located within intron regions of protein-coding genes, which have the advantage of encoding micropeptides. There have been several studies looking at intronic transcript expression profiles in cancer; but almost none in osteosarcoma. To overcome this problem; we have investigated differentially expressed intronic transcripts between osteosarcoma and normal bone tissues. The results highlighted that NRG1-IT1; FGF14-IT1; and HAO2-IT1 were downregulated; whereas ER3-IT1; SND1-IT1; ANKRD44-IT1; AGAP1-IT1; DIP2A-IT1; LMO7DN-IT1; SLIT2-IT1; RNF216-IT1; and TCF7L1-IT1 were upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared to normal bone tissues. Furthermore, we identified if the transcripts encode micropeptides and the transcripts’ locations in a cell.
Twelve-Month Results from a Prospective Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Cellular Bone Allograft in Subjects Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Wind Joshua , Park Daniel , Lansford Todd , Nunley Pierce , Peppers Timothy , Russo Anthony , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Sembrano Jonathan N. , Yoo Jung , Sales Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Background: While autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard for spinal fusion procedures, harvesting autologous bone is associated with significant complications, including donor site infection, hematomas, increased operative time, and prolonged pain. Cellular bone allograft (CBA) presents an alternative to autologous bone harvesting, with a favorable efficacy and safety profile. The current study further investigates CBA as an adjunct to lumbar spinal fusion procedures. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, open-label clinical study was conducted in subjects undergoing lumbar spinal fusion with CBA (NCT 02969616). Radiographic fusion status was assessed by an independent review of dynamic radiographs and CT scans. Clinical outcome measures included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Adverse-event reporting was conducted throughout 12 months of follow-up. Available subject data at 12 months were analyzed. Results: A total of 274 subjects were enrolled into the study, with available data from 201 subjects (73.3%) who completed 12 months of postoperative radiographic and clinical evaluation at the time of analysis. Subjects had a mean age of 60.2 ± 11.5 years. A higher number of women (n = 124, 61.7%) than men (n = 77, 38.3%) were enrolled, with a collective mean BMI of 30.6 + 6.5 kg/m2 (range 18.0–51.4). At month 12, successful fusion was achieved in 90.5% of subjects. A significant (p < 0.001) improvement in ODI, VAS-back, and VAS-leg clinical outcomes was also observed compared to baseline scores. One adverse event related to CBA (postoperative radiculopathy) was reported, with surgical exploration demonstrating interbody extrusion of graft material. This subject reported successful fusion at month 12. Conclusions: CBA represents a viable substitute for harvesting of autograft alone with a high rate of successful fusion and significant improvements in subject-reported outcomes, such as pain and disability. Positive benefit was observed in subjects reporting single and multiple risk factors for pseudoarthrosis.
Co-Cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis Enhance Mucosal Barrier by Modulating Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Xie Zhengjun , Li Meng , Qian Mengqi , Yang Zhiren , Han Xinyan
Published: October 2022

Weaning stress induces intestinal barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation in mammals. Various interventions based on the modulation of intestinal microbiota have been proposed. Our study aims to explore the effects of co-cultures from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis (FAM®) on intestinal mucosal barrier from the perspective of metabolic function of gut microbiota. A total of 180 piglets were allocated to three groups, i.e., a control group (C, basal diet), a FAM group (F, basal diet supplemented with 0.1% FAM), and an antibiotic group (A, basal diet supplemented with antibiotic mixtures). Here, we showed FAM supplementation significantly increased body weight and reduced diarrhea incidence, accompanied by attenuated mucosal damage, increased levels of tight junction proteins, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and antimicrobial peptides. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis revealed an increase in relative abundance of Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, Firmicutes and Muribaculaceae and a significant increase in the total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and butyric acid in FAM-treated piglets. FAM also increased CD4+ T cells and SIgA+ cells in intestinal mucosa and SIgA production in colon contents. Furthermore, FAM upregulated the expression of IL-22, short-chain fatty acid receptors GPR43 and GPR41, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). FAM shows great application prospect in gut health and provides a reference for infant weaning.
Protein Intake and Oral Health in Older Adults—A Narrative Review
Authors: Jayasinghe Thilini N. , Harrass Sanaa , Erdrich Sharon , King Shalinie , Eberhard Joerg
Published: October 2022

Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between nutrition and oral health, in that nutrition affects the health of oral tissues and saliva, and the health of the mouth may affect the foods consumed. Evidence suggests that a healthy diet generally has a positive impact on oral health in older adults. Although studies examining the direct link between oral health and protein intake in older adults are limited, some have explored the relationship via malnutrition, which is also prevalent among older adults. Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) may be associated with poor oral health, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, and salivary gland atrophy. This narrative review presents the theoretical evidence on the impact of dietary protein and amino acid composition on oral health, and their combined impact on overall health in older adults.
The Interactive Effects of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency and Iodine Nutrition Status on the Risk of Thyroid Disorder in Pregnant Women
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Zhengyuan , Sun Zhuo , Shi Zehuan , Song Qi , Cui Xueying , Shen Liping , Qu Mengying , Mai Shupeng , Zang Jiajie
Published: October 2022

Thyroid dysfunction is associated with both vitamin D deficiency and iodine; however, it is unclear whether they interact. This study aimed to investigate whether and to what extent the interactions between vitamin D and iodine contribute to the risk of thyroid disorder. Participants (n = 4280) were chosen using multistage, stratified random sampling from Shanghai. Fasting blood was drawn for the 25(OH)D and thyroid parameter tests. Spot urine samples were gathered to test for urine iodine. To evaluate the interactive effects of vitamin D and iodine, crossover analysis was carried out. Pregnant women with a high urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and severe vitamin D deficiency had a significantly higher risk of thyrotropin receptor antibody (TrAb) positivity (odds ratio = 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 5.22) in the first trimester. Severe vitamin D deficiency and high UIC interacted positively for the risk of TrAb positivity (relative excess risk due to interaction = 1.910, 95%CI: 0.054, 3.766; attributable proportion = 0.700, 95%CI: 0.367, 1.03). Severe vitamin D deficiency combined with excess iodine could increase the risk of TrAb positivity in pregnant women in the first trimester.
Cut Points of the Conicity Index and Associated Factors in Brazilian Rural Workers
Authors: do Prado Camila Bruneli , Martins Cleodice Alves , Cremonini Ana Clara Petersen , Ferreira Júlia Rabelo Santos , Cattafesta Monica , Almeida-de-Souza Juliana , Zandonade Eliana , Bezerra Olívia Maria de Paula Alves , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani
Published: October 2022

(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular complications. Therefore, this study aims to establish cut points for the conicity index based on the components of metabolic syndrome and to associate it with characteristic sociodemographic, food consumption and occupational factors in Brazilian rural workers; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with farmers. The receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated and the cut-off points for the conicity index were identified by the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity. The variables included in the binary logistic regression analysis were selected by considering p < 0.20 in the bivariate test; (3) Results: The cut points were similar in females according to both criteria, resulting in a single cut-off of 1.269. In males, the cut points showed differences, resulting in 1.272 according to the NCEP-ATP III and 1.252 according to the IDF. We have shown that younger people, those who work more than 40 h a week and the lowest contribution of culinary ingredients are associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity, while the consumption of the products they sell or produce decreases these chances; (4) Conclusions: The conicity index showed high discriminatory power for the identification of abdominal obesity in rural workers. Therefore, there is a need to improve eating habits and promote healthier eating environments for individuals, respecting traditional food culture, mainly to contain the advance of MS in rural areas.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Body Mass Index for Sarcopenic Dysphagia Diagnosis among Patients with Dysphagia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Togashi Shintaro , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Ohinata Hironori , Nishioka Shinta , Kokura Yoji , Momosaki Ryo
Published: October 2022

The accuracy of body mass index (BMI) for sarcopenic dysphagia diagnosis, which remains unknown, was evaluated in this study among patients with dysphagia. We conducted a 19-site cross-sectional study. We registered 467 dysphagic patients aged ≥ 20 years. Sarcopenic dysphagia was assessed using a reliable and validated diagnostic algorithm. BMI was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenic dysphagia. The study included 460 patients (median age, 83.0 years (76.0–88.0); men, 49.8%). The median BMI was 19.9 (17.3–22.6) kg/m2. Two hundred eighty-four (61.7%) patients had sarcopenic dysphagia. The AUC for sarcopenic dysphagia was 0.60–0.62 in the overall patients, male, female, and patients aged ≥ 65 years The BMI cut-off value for sarcopenic dysphagia diagnosis was 20.1 kg/m2 in the overall patients (sensitivity, 58.1%; specificity, 60.2%) and patients aged ≥ 65 years (sensitivity, 59.8%; specificity, 61.8%). Conclusion: Although the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of BMI for sarcopenic dysphagia diagnosis was approximately 0.6, BMI < 20.0 kg/m2 might be a predictor for sarcopenic dysphagia. In clinical settings, if patients with dysphagia have a BMI < 20.0 kg/m2, then sarcopenic dysphagia should be suspected as early as possible after admission.
Early Life Beef Consumption Patterns Are Related to Cognitive Outcomes at 1–5 Years of Age: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Wilk Victoria C. , McGuire Michelle K. , Roe Annie J.
Published: October 2022

Protein, iron, zinc, and choline affect early brain development and are found in beef. The aims of this study were to describe (1) early feeding practices related to introduction of beef in the rural US west (Idaho); (2) parental perceptions of beef as a first food, and (3) associations between early beef consumption and child cognition at 1–5 years. A total of 61 children and their parents were enrolled. Parents completed a survey and a food frequency questionnaire to assess perceptions of beef and early feeding practices along with their child’s dietary intake at 6–12 months. Children’s cognitive function was assessed using the Bayley-4 Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (12–35 months) and the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) (3–5 years). Parents introduced beef at 7.79 ± 2.65 months of age, primarily so that their children could eat what the family was eating. Higher intake of beef (r = 0.41, p = 0.02), zinc (r = 0.45, p = 0.01), and choline (r = 0.39, p = 0.03) at 6–12 months was associated with better attention and inhibitory control at 3–5 years of age. These findings support the role of beef as an early food for cognitive development, although controlled dietary intervention studies are needed.
Postprandial Responses to a Standardised Meal in Hypertension: The Mediatory Role of Visceral Fat Mass
Authors: Louca Panayiotis , Berry Sarah E. , Bermingham Kate , Franks Paul W. , Wolf Jonathan , Spector Tim D. , Valdes Ana M. , Chowienczyk Phil , Menni Cristina
Published: October 2022

Postprandial insulinaemia, triglyceridaemia and measures of inflammation are thought to be more closely associated with cardiovascular risk than fasting measures. Although hypertension is associated with altered fasting metabolism, it is unknown as to what extent postprandial lipaemic and inflammatory metabolic responses differ between hypertensive and normotensive individuals. Linear models adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), visceral fat mass (VFM) and multiple testing (false discovery rate), were used to investigate whether hypertensive cases and normotensive controls had different fasting and postprandial (in response to two standardised test meal challenges) lipaemic, glycaemic, insulinaemic, and inflammatory (glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA)) responses in 989 participants from the ZOE PREDICT-1 nutritional intervention study. Compared to normotensive controls, hypertensive individuals had significantly higher fasting and postprandial insulin, triglycerides, and markers of inflammation after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (effect size: Beta (Standard Error) ranging from 0.17 (0.08), p = 0.04 for peak insulin to 0.29 (0.08), p = 4.4 × 10−4 for peak GlycA). No difference was seen for postprandial glucose. When further adjusting for VFM effects were attenuated. Causal mediation analysis suggests that 36% of the variance in postprandial insulin response and 33.8% of variance in postprandial triglyceride response were mediated by VFM. Hypertensive individuals have different postprandial insulinaemic and lipaemic responses compared to normotensive controls and this is partially mediated by visceral fat mass. Consequently, reducing VFM should be a key focus of health interventions in hypertension. Trial registration: The ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT03479866.
Chagas Disease and Transfusion Risk in Italy: The Results of a National Survey
Authors: Pati Ilaria , Cruciani Mario , Masiello Francesca , Barone Francesco , Silvioli Giacomo , La Raja Massimo , Pupella Simonetta , De Angelis Vincenzo
Published: October 2022

Background: Universal serological screening in endemic areas is essential for preventing Chagas disease transmission by transfusions, while in non-endemic areas, screening is provided only to donors exposed to the infection risk. In this respect, in order to ensure high and uniform standards of quality and safety of blood components, the Italian National Blood Centre conducted a survey to detect information on management of donors at risk of Chagas disease and on the current transfusion risk. Methods: The National Blood Centre conducted a survey on preventive measures for Chagas disease in the years 2020–2021. Results: Survey results are broadly representative of the national situation; out of 24,269 tested donors, only 15 donors were confirmed positive (0.4 out of 100,000 donors). This rate is lower than the number of positive donors (72/100,000) for transfusion transmissible infections (HIV, HBV, HCV, and T. pallidum) in the same period. Furthermore, the number of T. cruzi positive blood donors is lower than the T. cruzi positive subjects in the general population. Conclusions: In Italy, T. cruzi infection transfusion risk may be considered still very low, and this is confirmed by the absence of documented transfusion transmission.
Characterizing the Virome of Apple Orchards Affected by Rapid Decline in the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys of British Columbia (Canada)
Authors: Xiao Huogen , Hao Wenjia , Storoschuk Gavin , MacDonald Jesse L. , Sanfaçon Hélène
Published: October 2022

Rapid apple decline disease (RAD) has been affecting orchards in the USA and Canada. Although the primary cause for RAD remains unknown, viruses may contribute to the incidence or severity of the disease. We examined the diversity and prevalence of viruses in orchards affected by RAD in the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys (British Columbia, Canada). Next-generation sequencing identified 20 previously described plant viruses and one viroid, as well as a new ilarvirus, which we named apple ilarvirus 2 (AIV2). AIV2 was related to subgroup 2 ilarviruses (42–71% nucleotide sequence identity). RT-PCR assays of 148 individual leaf samples revealed frequent mixed infections, with up to eight viruses or viroid detected in a single tree. AIV2 was the most prevalent, detected in 64% of the samples. Other prevalent viruses included three ubiquitous viruses from the family Betaflexiviridae and citrus concave gum-associated virus. Apple rubbery wood virus 1 and 2 and apple luteovirus 1 were also readily detected. The thirteen most prevalent viruses/viroid were detected not only in trees displaying typical RAD symptoms, but also in asymptomatic trees. When compared with reports from orchards affected by RAD in Pennsylvania, New York State, and Washington State, regional differences in relative virus prevalence were noted.
Isolation and Production of Human Monoclonal Antibody Proteins against a Toxocara canis Excretory–Secretory Recombinant Antigen
Authors: Baharudeen Zamrina , Noordin Rahmah , Soon Lim Theam , Balachandra Dinesh , Anuar Nor Suhada , Mustafa Fatin Hamimi , Rahumatullah Anizah
Published: October 2022

Toxocariasis is a widespread zoonotic parasitic disease with a significant socioeconomic impact, particularly on underprivileged communities. Limitations of existing diagnostic tools and vague presenting symptoms may lead to misdiagnosis, thus underestimating the actual global impact of the disease. The present study describes the isolation and production of novel recombinant monoclonal antibodies against Toxocara canis recombinant TES-26 antigen (rTES-26) utilizing a human helminth scFv phage display library. The isolated antibody clones were characterized based on their gene sequences and binding characteristics. Three clones representing unique gene families (clone 48: IgHV3-LV1; clone 49: IgHV3-LV3; clone 50: IgHV6-LV3) were isolated, but only clones 48 and 49 showed successful insertion of the full-length scFv antibody sequence after sub-cloning. Both clones produced antibody proteins of good solubility and satisfactory yield and purity. Binding assays via Western blot and ELISA using rTES-26 and Toxocara canis native protein showed that both monoclonal antibodies were highly specific and sensitive to the target antigen. A preliminary antigen detection ELISA showed the diagnostic potential of the monoclonal antibody proteins. The proteins can also be useful in studying host–parasite interactions and therapeutic applications.