bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relating Locus of Control to Machiavellianism and Managerial Achievement
Authors: Gable Myron , Hollon Charles , Dangello Frank
Published: August 2011

Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, Christie and Geis' Mach IV Scale, and Fineman's Work Preference Questionnaire were administered to a sample of 60 retail specialty store managers While there were no significant correlations between locus of control and managerial achievement, there were significant correlations between locus of control and Machiavellianism for the over-all sample and for men but not for women. In addition, men possessed higher mean internal-control orientation than women.
Relationship between Anxiety and Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Picone Loretta , Kirkby Robert J.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome and anxiety was assessed for 68 women. The syndrome as measured by a modified version of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, was correlated significantly with trait anxiety, as measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Trait anxiety was correlated with all three subtypes from the questionnaire: behavioral, psychological, and physical, most strongly for the psychological subtype. These findings suggest a role for stress-management training in the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome.
Relationship between Scores on Developing Cognitive Abilities Test and Scores on Medical College Admissions Test for Nontraditional Premedical Students
Authors: Henry Paul , Bardo Harold R.
Published: August 2011

The relationship of students' performance on the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test (DCAT), a test of scholastic aptitude, and their subsequent performance on the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) were examined for 122 nontraditional premedical students who participated in a medical educational preparatory program. A stepwise multiple regression analysis produced moderate, though significant multiple correlations among subscores on the two tests. While there were a few exceptions, for the most part all of the subscores on the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test made a significant contribution to the regression equation in the prediction of scores on MCAT subtests. Implications for the value of the Developing Cognitive Abilities Test as an admissions tool as well as providing direction for possible intervention are discussed.
Modification of the Word Association Test for Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
Authors: Sinnett E. Robert
Published: August 2011

Suggestions for clinical modifications of the Word Association Test in assessing patients for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders are outlined. Two cases are briefly mentioned.
Type A Behavior, Hardiness, and Psychological Well-Being in Japanese Women
Authors: Nakano Keiko
Published: August 2011

The effects of Type A behavior and hardiness on depression and physical symptoms in the face of hassles were examined in 107 Japanese female college students. Analysis of variance indicated that Type A females had less depression under low hassles. There were no hardiness main effects or interactions. Neither Type A behavior nor hardiness moderated the adverse effect of hassles for Japanese women. An implication for research is suggested.
Information Search following Damage to the Frontal Lobes
Authors: Klouda Gayle V. , Cooper William E.
Published: August 2011

Five adult patients with focal brain damage in different areas of the frontal lobes and five matched controls were administered a 20 Questions test. Other tests of planning, problem-solving, and decision-making were also administered to frontal lobe patients. The results indicate that damage to the frontal lobe impairs the ability to impose and utilize hierarchical organization in mental representation.
Exploring the Reinforcement of Compliance with “Do” and “Don'T” Requests and the Side Effects: A Partial Replication and Extension
Authors: Houlihan Daniel , Jones Robert N.
Published: August 2011

The side effects of reinforcing compliance to “do” and “don't” requests were examined in this study. The study was designed to do two things: (1) further establish that “do” and “don't” requests are functionally distinct and (2) determine which “don't” requests will show the same ability as “do” requests in effecting a change in topographically different inappropriate behaviors. Three children (2 boys and 1 girl), ages 5 yr. 2 mo. to 6 yr. 7 mo., participated. The design of the study was ABAC counterbalanced across subjects. With all three children reinforcement of “do” requests led to increased compliance with “do” requests without concurrent increase in compliance to “don't” requests. Also, reinforcing compliance to “don't” requests resulted in increased compliance to “don't” requests without concurrent increase in compliance to “do” requests. An undesirable side effect to the treatment was also noted. Two children showed a tendency to increase their rates of inappropriate behavior concurrent with increases in compliance to “don't” requests. Probable causes for this effect and concerns about the reinforcement of “don't” requests were discussed.
Attitudes of Nigerian College Students toward Marital Roles
Authors: Nwachukwu Francis J.
Published: August 2011

The study investigated sex differences in attitudes toward marriage roles. Analysis indicated that the 50 men had a more traditional view of marriage roles than the 52 women. The men tended to be authoritarian while the women tended to have a more egalitarian attitude. A comparison of urban and rural influences yielded significant differences on authority and fidelity in marriage.
Attitudes of Nursing Students toward Patients with Aids
Authors: Young Michael , Henderson Melinda M. , Marx David
Published: August 2011

Nursing students ( N = 124) voluntarily completed a questionnaire designed to measure attitudes towards patients with AIDS. The questionnaire included one of two vignettes, a prejudicial evaluation scale, and the Index of Homophobia. Results indicate that nursing students expressed a significantly more negative attitude toward the homosexual patient with AIDS. Homophobia accounted for a substantial amount of variation in the difference in expressed attitude between heterosexual and homosexual AIDS patients. The researchers recommend that nursing students and other prospective health care workers be provided educational programs dealing with AIDS which include study of homophobia and homosexuality.
The Validity of the μ Index for Differentiation of State and Trait Scales
Authors: Arrindell Willem A. , Gerlsma Coby
Published: August 2011

For 443 men and women of the general population and mean age of 45.8 yr. state and trait measures were obtained on two occasions, 6 mo. apart. Internal consistencies at each time were similar (.84−.95). Test-retest coefficients were lower for measures of state concepts than for trait concepts. Howarth's μ indices were higher for state concepts than for trait concepts.
A Psychometric Investigation of the Rigorous Eating Scale
Authors: Smead Valerie S.
Published: August 2011

A psychometric analysis of the Rigorous Eating Scale was carried out based on data of Smead from 1986 and also from 1987 by Smead and Boyd. This 13-item scale was designed to measure hunger, deprivation, and restraint in eating style and used in both of the foregoing studies to investigate the relationship between dieting and eating style and scoring higher on measures of subclinical symptoms of anorexia and bulimia. This brief report highlights internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and item-criterion correlations. Results indicate appropriately high reliability, but inadequate factor structure. Item-criterion correlations suggest several aspects of eating style which may be important to include in similar scales of the future.
Comparison of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (Achievement Scale) and the Basic Achievement Skills Individual Screener for Learning Disabled Students
Authors: Blount Beverly S. , Whorton James E.
Published: August 2011

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—Achievement Scale and Basic Achievement Skills Individual Screener were administered to 40 students previously identified as learning disabled. Pearson coefficients between the sets of scores on various subtests ranged from .03 to .70.
Barbadian Adolescents' Views of the “Ideal” Family
Authors: Payne Monica A. , Furnham Adrian
Published: August 2011

An instrument examining the perceptions of “ideal” family functioning was administered to 536 adolescents aged 12 to 18 yr. in Barbados. Analysis indicated fairly extensive differences between the views of male and female students, somewhat fewer differences in age and type of school attended, and very few differences associated with household composition and religious affiliation.
Athletic Self-Concept and Mathematics Achievement in Girls
Authors: Randall Tom M.
Published: August 2011

Several researchers have suggested that girls' mathematics performance may be mediated by an assertive sex role or “masculine interest.” The present study made the assumption that girls' athletic self-confidence reflects “masculine interest” so girls' test scores for perceived athletic competence would be related to their mathematics achievement scores. A total of 207 boys and girls in Grades 4, 5, and 6 were tested for their perceived athletic ability using the Athletic Competence subscale of Harter's 1985 Self-perception Profile, and these scores were correlated with their mathematics achievement as measured on the Metropolitan Achievement Test and term grades. A low but significant correlation with Athletic Competence scores was found for girls on both measures of mathematics achievement. Although boys scored higher on the Athletic Competence subscale, there were no sex differences on either measure of mathematics achievement. Results are discussed in terms of both sex-role theory and cognitive development.
Inference and Explanation: Assessing the Likelihood of Conjunctive Events
Authors: Ho Joanna L. , Anderson Urton , Marchant Garry
Published: August 2011

This study examined the effect of increasing the salience of alternatives in the use of inference and explanation sets when evaluating the likelihood of conjunctive events. Response mode (ranking or rating of events) was used to manipulate the salience of alternatives in a professional judgment context using a standard conjunction task. Participants were 196 experienced professionals and 192 undergraduate students. There was a significant interaction for attribution set x response mode. The different in conjunction effects between an inference and an explanation set was not observed when subjects were asked to rank events rather than to rate their likelihood. This finding provides evidence that a model of causal reasoning should include evaluating the strength of alternatives as well as the necessity and sufficiency of a possible cause.
An Evaluation of Two Techniques for Constructing Confidence Intervals for the Squared Multiple Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Nijsse M.
Published: August 2011

Fowler's (1986) and Helland's (1987) techniques for constructing confidence intervals for the squared multiple correlation coefficient are discussed. It is shown how the techniques may be applied using F tables and a calculator. Recalculation of Fowler's and Helland's examples shows that Helland's limits are closer to exact values than Fowler's limits. Using realistic simulation results it is shown that, generally speaking, the lower limits of .95 confidence intervals are about the same for both techniques. Fowler's upper limits are much lower than Helland's, however. From further examination it is concluded that Helland's upper limits nevertheless are somewhat too low. Finally, many iterations are required if both N and R1 are small.
Nursing Students' Personalities as Measured by the California Psychological Inventory: Participants Vs Nonparticipants in a Program of Research
Authors: Houldin Arlene D. , Forbes Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to use the California Psychological Inventory to assess whether certain personality variables would differ for two groups of nursing students who were participating in an experimental, longitudinal clinical education study. The inventory was administered to 28 nursing students during the spring semester of their senior year. Analysis indicated that the 12 students in the control group scored significantly higher on three subscales, Capacity for Status, Sociability, and Social Presence, than did the 16 in the special program.
Poverty, Suicide, and Homicide among Native Americans
Authors: Young Thomas J.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of data for 12 areas of the Indian Health Services available from the US Department of Health and Human Services yielded a correlation (ρ) of .65 between poverty and suicide and a significant rho of. 52 with homicide rates. The Navajo area is an exception, raising for study questions about social disintegration.
Facial Screening Fails in the Treatment of Stereotypy
Authors: Dura Jason R.
Published: August 2011

Research has consistently supported facial screening as an effective treatment technique capable of reducing a plethora of aberrant behaviors. As yet few data are available, suggesting less than enthusiastic support for this behavioral consequence. The present investigation found facial screening accelerated the rate of stereotypy after prior reports of effective reduction of the rate of stereotypy with this individual. The advantages of rapid evaluation strategies and the need for publication of negative results are discussed.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Crib Death) and Possible Relation to Long-Term Mattress Compression
Authors: Chapell Mark S.
Published: August 2011

Evidence is presented to show that standard mattresses compress infants enough to increase the work required to maintain normal levels of ventilation and cellular respiration. The possible relation of long-term standard mattress compression to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is proposed. Evidence is presented to show that waterbeds do not compress infants significantly. The suggestion is made that, if long-term standard mattress compression is related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, then the use of waterbeds designed for babies may help reduce crib deaths.
Perceived Dignity of Persons with Minimal Voluntary Control over Their Own Behaviors
Authors: Harcum E. Rae , Rosen Ellen F.
Published: August 2011

This study tested the 1971 contention of Skinner that dignity, or worth, must in the view of society be earned by voluntarily performing prosocial acts. Because scientific progress erodes the concept of voluntarism, in Skinner's view people oppose his scientific formulations to protect the concept of dignity. The main hypothesis of the present study was that persons accord intrinsic dignity to others which does not have to be earned through voluntary praiseworthy behaviors. As predicted, college students and adult members of the community indicated on questionnaires that they would accord dignity to newborn infants who could not have earned it and also that dignity is augmented or decreased by voluntary praiseworthy or blameworthy behaviors, respectively. This popular belief in intrinsic dignity, as part of human nature, supports a more humanistic approach toward any plan for improving the culture.
Alcohol Consumption and Self-Reported Drinking-Related Problem Behaviors as Related to Sex, Work Environment, and Level of Education
Authors: Loughlin Kathleen A. , Kayson Wesley A.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relation of sex, work environment, and level of education to self-reported alcohol-related problem behaviors and estimates of weekly consumption. 216 employees of various establishments located in the eastern United States participated in the study, which involved answering a 17-item questionnaire. It was hypothesized that men would report more problems and greater consumption than women, college educated individuals more than people with no college background, and employees of alcohol-related environments more than those of nonalcohol-related environments. The results confirmed the predictions for environment and sex. There were also significant interactions between sex and environment and for sex and education concerning consumption. The triple interaction was also significant for the consumption variable. Further investigation is needed to determine the ramifications for both employers and employees of alcohol-related areas.
Perceptions of Governmental Fairness by Liberals and Conservatives
Authors: Sirgo Henry B. , Eisenman Russell
Published: August 2011

Perceptions by 25 liberals and 25 conservatives of the fairness-unfairness of local, state, and federal governments were studied. Conservatives believed that the federal government favors minorities, while liberals believed that all levels of government favor economic elites. Conservatives saw the federal government as least fair, while liberals saw local government as least fair. Both liberals and conservatives tended to see local government as influencible but the federal government as not changeable.
Locus of Control and Career Aspirations of Fourth Grade Students
Authors: Trice Ashton D. , Gilbert Teresa M.
Published: August 2011

The career aspirations of 86 fourth grade students were compared with their scores on a locus of control measure. Of the 45 externally scoring students, 60% either had no career aspiration or a fantasy career aspiration. Of the 41 internally scoring students, 93% had realistic career aspirations. Strongly sex-stereotyped career aspirations were equally divided between the two groups.
The Fate of External Candidates When inside Candidates Vie for Administrative Positions in Higher Education
Authors: Gardner Rick M.
Published: August 2011

Three methods were employed to assess how the presence of one or more inside candidates affects the outcome of the search process for administrative positions in higher education. Methods included an analysis of appointments and resignations in the Chronicle of Higher Education, a survey questionnaire sent to chairs of search committees, and an analysis of data from the College and University Personnel Association (CUPA) annual surveys. Results indicated a strong preference for hiring inside candidates for most administrative positions, with the exception of the presidency. The higher the level of the administrative position, the stronger the preference to appoint an inside candidate. The CUPA data indicated that an inside candidate will be hired between one-third and one-half the time for positions ranging from chair to vice president. The questionnaire data suggested greater preference towards inside candidates in doctoral degree-granting institutions than institutions that grant only master's or bachelor's degrees.
Psychometric Properties of the Social Fear Scale
Authors: Osman Augustine , Jones Keith , Osman Joylene R.
Published: August 2011

The present study attempted to replicate the internal consistency of the Social Fear Scale as well as test-retest, normative and item analysis because these estimates have not been reported. Cronbach as of 0.87 for 38 men and 0.88 for 74 women in college were similar to those reported in 1984 by Raulin and Wee. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the total sample and for each subsample (normative data) indicated strong support for the stability of responses over a 4-wk. period. An item analysis suggested two items may not be useful for assessing social fear. Questions for research are discussed.
Comparison of Scores of Bilingual Urban and Monolingual Suburban Elementary School Children for Two Measures of Intelligence
Authors: Murphy David G.
Published: August 2011

The comparability of scores from a bilingual (L1 = Spanish and L2 = English) sample and a monolingual (L1 = English) sample was assessed. The former sample showed significantly lower scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale—Revised than the latter, but no significant difference on another measure of intelligence using a more culture-fair test, the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. Differences in the WISC—R scores may be attributed to the manner in which the individual is motivated for these tests by the examiner but was not associated with a measure of anxiety.
Stability of Preferences for Microskills across Two Videotaped Clients
Authors: Newman Jody L. , Fuqua Dale R.
Published: August 2011

38 counselor trainees at 0 vs 1 semesters practicum training were asked to indicate their preferences among 10 microskills (e.g., reflection of feelings) in response to viewing six videotaped counseling segments from two clients. The main effect of training was not statistically significant, indicating skill preferences between beginning and more advanced students were not different. Ranks of preferences were calculated for each of the 10 microskills across the six videotaped segments. Spearman coefficients were then calculated for the ranked microskills across videotaped segments. The average of these correlations was .89, indicating an excellent stability of preferences for nondirective skills regardless of the different presentations by two clients. Implications are discussed, emphasizing an expanding research agenda regarding training in microskills.
Concentrations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolites in Suicides
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Reanalysis of data from a Japanese report indicated that suicides had lower cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol than those dying of heart failure.
Effects of Detoxification of Domestic Gas on Suicide in the Netherlands
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Analysis of data from the Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek in the Netherlands showed that the suicide rate by domestic gas dropped from 1959 to 1975 as the percentage of carbon monoxide in domestic gas was reduced. Suicide by all other methods rose more sharply during the latter part of this period, suggesting that people may have switched methods for suicide.
Interaction of Creativity and Attribution in Assignment of Meaning on Retention of Nonsense Syllables and Words
Authors: Chandler Theodore A. , Shoup Julie
Published: August 2011

What determines whether students will spontaneously employ personal control in meaningfulness? Is it related to attributional assignment and/or divergent thinking? 149 participants were undergraduate majors in education, enrolled in human development and learning. Students randomly received one of three 15-item lists: nonsense syllables, unrelated words, or related words. A questionnaire related to attributional assignment for success and failure plus four divergent thinking tasks was given. Attributions significantly predicted Fluency, Flexibility, and/or Originality scores as a function of the meaningfulness of the list. Methodological limitations are addressed. Implications are that we can encourage students to bring personal meaning to tasks low in meaning to increase retention.
An International Comparison and Psychometric Analysis of Explanations for Unemployment
Authors: Ward Edward A.
Published: August 2011

A replication of the descriptive statistics and factor structure of perceived explanations of unemployment discerned by researchers with 468 subjects from Barbados and 379 from New Zealand and Great Britain was attempted using 114 subjects from the USA. A seven-factor structure was generated, which with incongruent descriptive statistics indicated a lack of agreement as to perceived causes of unemployment across countries. The influence of the local unemployment rate was supported as a stronger explanation of results than the cultural dimension of individualism.
Finns and Americans Compared on the Immediacy Construct
Authors: Thompson Catherine A. , Klopf Donald W. , Sallinen-Kuparinen Aino
Published: August 2011

The Self-assessment of Immediacy Scale was administered to 219 Finnish students and 147 American students. The two groups were not significantly different from each other in perceived nonverbal immediacy. When the men were compared to the women, the women were significantly more immediate.
Agency-Communion in Affective Sexual Memories
Authors: Rotter Nancy S. , Dollinger Stephen J. , Cunningham Jean A.
Published: August 2011

This work extended Bakan's (1966) duality of agency-communion to the realm of emotionally significant sexual memories. Following Carlson (1971), 96 students' recollections of sexual memories associated with positive emotions were largely communal in nature, whereas sexual memories associated with negative emotions were largely agentic.
Teaching the Biopsychosocial Perspective: A Comparison of Two Approaches
Authors: Sperry Len
Published: August 2011

Two approaches to teaching the biopsychosocial approach were compared. Four outcome measures from 55 patients and 11 resident physicians support a skill-based consultative approach as a more effective teaching method than a traditional didactic method. Implications of this innovative method for the practice of medicine are briefly discussed.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: LXV. Seasonal Changes in Mood in Opioid Addicts on the Addiction Research Center Inventory
Authors: Haertzen Charles A.
Published: August 2011

Seasonal changes in mood using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) were tested in 243 male opioid addicts when they were free of drug and withdrawal effects. No significant changes were found on scales which measure euphoria (MBG), tension-anxiety (LSD), excitement (Ex), or dysphoric effects (SOW). A significant difference between seasons was found for lowered motivation (PCAG) in the summer and spring relative to winter, but these effects were not consistent with a winter seasonal affective disorder. Significant changes were more common for spring-fall and summer seasons relative to winter on items of the inventory.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: LXXVI. Achievement, Eminence, and Histories of Psychology: The Case of Knight Dunlap
Authors: Kornfeld Alfred D.
Published: August 2011

Knight Dunlap, an important contributor to early twentieth-century American psychology, is largely ignored by contemporary histories of psychology. This article outlines his major achievements and speculates about some of the reasons for his current position of relative obscurity.
Reflective Judgment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Undergraduate Education Majors
Authors: Pape Sharon L. , Kelly Francis J.
Published: August 2011

Using a reflective judgment interview based upon Kitchener and King's 1985 model, the present study investigated reflectivity among undergraduate education majors and student teachers. Each set of students responded during a semi-structured interview to three ill-structured problems in education. These interviews were rated using Kitchener and King's 1985 scoring manual. No differences were found between responses of the two groups. On two of the three issues the modal response was at Stage 4, while on the remaining issues the modal response was at Stage 5. Issues regarding preparation of teachers are raised, and implications for further study are suggested.
Organizational Treatment of Minority Managers and Professionals: Costs to the Majority?
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This investigation examined relationships among white managers and professionals, between their perceptions of the treatment and experiences of minority managers in their organizations, and the openness and support of minorities by their organizations, and their own work experiences, satisfactions, and commitment. Data were collected from 214 men and women using questionnaires completed anonymously. White managers working in organizations perceived by them to be less responsive to minorities and offering minorities more negative work experiences themselves reported less satisfaction, commitment, and development.
Compulsive Procrastination: Some Self-Reported Characteristics
Authors: Ferrari Joseph R.
Published: August 2011

In Sample 1, 46 procrastinators compared with 52 nonprocrastinators claimed lower self-esteem, greater public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and a stronger tendency toward self-handicapping. In Sample 2, 48 procrastinators compared with 54 nonprocrastinators reported a weaker tendency toward seeking self-identity information but a stronger tendency toward a diffuse-identity style, yet there were no significant differences in verbal and abstract thinking abilities. Further research must provide evidence for persistent procrastination as a personality disorder that includes anxiety, avoidance, and a fear of evaluation of ability.
Superstition and Beliefs about the Prediction of Future Events
Authors: Tobacyk Jerome J.
Published: August 2011

The Paranormal Belief Scale and the Prediction of Future Events Scale were completed by 235 university students. As hypothesized, greater belief in Superstition was significantly associated with greater belief in two Prediction of Future Events dimensions, Paranormal Divinatory Procedures and Psychically Gifted Persons. Findings are consistent with the notion that susceptibility to illusory correlations is a cognitive process (i.e., bias or error) that underlies these relationships.
Crisis Intervention: Longer-Term Training Effects
Authors: Taylor Ronald D. , Brady Michael P. , Swank Paul R.
Published: August 2011

10 months following a crisis-intervention training program which focused on interpretation of signal events, 17 participants more frequently reported increased belief in their ability to recognize the need for intervention and to intervene effectively than did 22 control subjects. Perceived frequency of intervention by trained participants, however, had decreased rather than increased. Implications of the findings and recommendations for research are discussed.
Alcohol-Related Expectancies for Self and others Reported by Alcoholic Men and Women
Authors: Gustafson Roland , Engström Christer
Published: August 2011

A questionnaire used by Rohsenow in 1983 was administered to 87 alcoholic men and women taking part in rehabilitation programs at local Swedish outpatient rehabilitation clinics. The purpose was to explore their alcohol-related expectancies for themselves and for others and to compare these with the results from other similar studies in other cultures. The answers, scored according to Rohsenow's eight factors, indicated that alcoholics expected larger positive and negative effects for others than for themselves. This discrepancy was slightly modified by such variables as sex, age, and drinking habits. Alcoholics in Sweden seem to have alcohol-related expectancies similar to those of social drinkers both in Sweden and in other Western countries.
Dimensions of Sexual Behaviour in Homosexual Men: Replicability across Time and Country
Authors: Ross Michael W. , Rosser B. R. Simon
Published: August 2011

Data on sexual practices in the past two months were obtained from 176 Australian and 159 New Zealand homosexually active men. Factor analysis yielded three major underlying dimensions of homosexual behaviour in each sample, accounting for 53.4 and 54.0% of total variance at baseline and 55.1 and 62 1% at follow-up, respectively. These three dimensions represented unsafe sex involving predominantly anal activity, safe (oral and mutual masturbatory) sex without condoms, and safe anal sex with condoms and withdrawal. Comparison of the four matrices (two countries by two times), using Cattell's S index, indicated high stability of the factor structure across countries and times. These three dimensions of homosexual behaviour appear to represent consistent behavioural clusters across samples and times. They suggest that use of these dimensions in further research on homosexually active men is warranted and that homosexual activities cluster into a number of limited dimensions on which sexual behaviours are interrelated.
Headache and Sensation Seeking
Authors: Ginsburg N. , Pollack-Fels S.
Published: August 2011

According to the cognitive theory of sensation seeking, headache sufferers were predicted to score lower than controls on Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. 26 subjects who experienced chronic headaches scored significantly lower than a group of 26 controls. The relationships between the Sensation Seeking Scale and a number of personality tests are described. Replication of the findings on this scale with headache patients is encouraged as well as exploration of other personality dimensions which show significant relations with sensation seeking.
Assessment of Coping Strategies, Social Support, and General Health Status in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kvam Sharon Hancher , Lyons John S.
Published: August 2011

This study examined 51 individuals (30 men, 21 women) who participated in an outpatient diabetes education program. Participants with higher perceived support by friends and problem-solving coping strategies were healthier, while those exhibiting a wish-fulfillment coping style were less healthy. Perceived family social support was much greater for Type II (noninsulin-dependent) individuals than for Type I (insulin-dependent) individuals. Men perceived greater family support, were more likely to use problem-solving coping, and were healthier than women; however, both wish fulfillment and detachment coping were more prevalent in women. Perceived support from family and friends increased with education. Implications for diabetes education programs are also introduced.
Brief Report on Socially Desirable Responses Given in Self-Reports of Everyday Hassles and Life Events
Authors: Koman Joseph J.
Published: August 2011

This report describes the results of a portion of a larger health research project which obtained self-reports of illness and stress from 141 women and 38 men. These undergraduates under-reported everyday hassles and life events. Scores on everyday hassles correlated -.47 and on life events -.30 with social desirability. Researchers need to adjust their designs to control for possible socially desirable responses on these variables.
Achievement of Work Values and Participative Decision-Making
Authors: Knoop Robert
Published: August 2011

The relationship between values realized in the workplace and participative decision-making was investigated for a sample of 171 nurses. The results indicated that all of the examined work values related significantly to scores on participative decision-making. Regression analyses showed that five of the values contributed 63% to the variance in decision-making: Influence over Work, Independence in Work, Influence in the Organization, Convenient Hours of Work, and Having Responsibility. The results were discussed in terms of motivation theories and concepts of participation.
Orcadian Aspects of Epileptic Behavior in Comparative Psychophysiology
Authors: Poirel Christian , Ennaji Mustapha
Published: August 2011

This paper is concerned with some experimental and clinical problems regarding the circadian chronobiology of epilepsy. Rhythmometrically analyzed, the temporal fluctuations of seizure susceptibility tend to indicate that epileptic events are circadian stage-dependent processes whose chronobiologic characteristics are possibly predictable on the basis of mathematical models. As an integrative discipline in physiology and psychology, behavioral chronobiology renders possible the discovery of new regulation processes concerning the central mechanisms of epilepsy. In this respect, the circadian psychophysiological patterns of epilepsy express dynamical biological systems which suggest some intermodulating endogenous processes between vigilance level and seizure susceptibility. Moreover, such chronobiologic studies applied to epileptic behavior suggest the development of new heuristic aspects in the field of comparative psychophysiology.
Development and Use of a Writing Attitude Survey in Grades 4 to 8
Authors: Knudson Ruth E.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of these studies was to develop and use a writing attitude survey for students in Grades 4 to 8. The instruments designed for use with older students are inappropriate for younger ones because they are long, complex, and take longer to complete. A 19-item survey for Grades 4 to 8 was constructed, based on responses of 398 students. The instrument was then used in an experiment to assess the effect of instructional treatment, grade, and participation on 398 students' attitudes toward writing. There were no significant main effects for treatment or for time of measurement. There were no significant interactions, but there was a significant main effect for grade. Follow-up of significant main effects using Scheffé tests indicated that 51 fourth graders had significantly more positive attitudes toward writing than 37 sixth graders.
Investigating the Psychology of the Green Consumer
Authors: Stead W. Edward , Stead Jean Garner , Worrell Dan L.
Published: August 2011

To assess the psychology of the green consumer using a measured chain methodology, a triadic sorting process is used to identify concrete salient attributes of a situation in which consumers' choices can be examined as to perceived consequences and values underlying choices.
Preoperative Anxiety and Motives for Surgery
Authors: Jelicic Marko , Bonke Benno
Published: August 2011

Preoperative anxiety was assessed in 20 patients undergoing surgery for esthetic reasons and 20 other surgical patients. Patients with plastic surgery reported significantly less anxiety than patients with general surgery, as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Death Anxiety among Lebanese Samples
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M.
Published: August 2011

An Arabic version of the Templer Death Anxiety Scale was administered to 673 Lebanese volunteer subjects (164 boys, 165 girls in secondary school, 170 men, 174 women undergraduates). Females attained higher mean death anxiety scores than males. The Lebanese samples had either the same or a lower mean score on death anxiety than their Arab peers, that is, Egyptians and Kuwaitians and also US samples. Split-half reliabilities ranged from .57 to .68.
Performance of Residents in Anesthesiology as Related to Measures of Personality and Interests
Authors: Gough Harrison G. , Bradley Pamela , McDonald John s.
Published: August 2011

79 male and 16 female residents in anesthesiology at six training centers took the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and Strong Interest Inventory (Sil) in Year 1 and were rated for performance two years later. Descriptively, the total sample scored highest on CPI scales for Dominance, Social Presence, and Achievement via Independence, and on Sil scales for investigative, mathematical, and medical science interests. Scores from a four-scale CPI cluster of Empathy, Socialization, Achievement via Conformance, and Achievement via Independence correlated 39 with ratings for men and 31 with ratings for women. In another sample of 20 residents, the cluster score correlated 30 with ratings gathered three years after testing. These findings, consonant with prior research, suggest that attributes such as empathy, strong internalization of pronormative values, and the ability to work well within either structured or open settings are conducive to superior performance in the specialty.
Cook-Medley Hostility, Anger, and the Type a Behavior Pattern in Finland
Authors: Greenglass Esther R. , Julkunen Juhani
Published: August 2011

According to research, hostility is a reliable predictor of coronary heart disease. Cook-Medley-defined hostility in particular has been seen as a significant precursor of coronary disease. It is important to specify the kind of hostility measured by the Cook-Medley scale. The present study examined the construct validity of the Cook-Medley scale for a sample of 219 university students in Finland, a country with a high incidence of coronary heart disease. The results supported the interpretation of the Cook-Medley scale primarily as a measure of cynicism and distrust. On the basis of our previous research, a subscale of the Cook-Medley scale was formed. This 9-item scale, a measure of Cynical Distrust, correlated positively with cynicism and negatively with trust. Moreover, the over-all pattern of correlations between the new 9-item factor, cynical distrust, and other variables assessing hostility, anger, and trust, was similar to the one obtained for our previous sample of students. It is suggested that this new 9-item scale is a shorter and more specific alternative to the longer Cook-Medley scale as a measure of cynical distrust.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: LXXX. The Hyperbolic Structure of Eminence Updated, 1975—1986
Authors: Coleman S. R.
Published: August 2011

Designations of major figures (max. = 3) were obtained in each of 1767 history-of-psychology publications (mostly journal articles) from 1975 to 1986. The distribution of these major-figure designations of psychologists was compared with the distribution of a measure of eminence that was developed by Zusne in 1985 and is based on the amount of textbook-page-space given to an individual. The two measures correlate significantly but are not equivalent. Those judged to be major figures in contemporary history-of-psychology journals overlap less than 20% with those designated eminent by virtue of large page-space coverage in history-of-psychology textbooks. Advantages and disadvantages of major-figure designations as an index of the importance or eminence of psychologists are discussed.
Work-Related Self-Concept and Family Relations in Unemployed Married Men
Authors: Brand Handré J. , Pullen Roslyn C.
Published: August 2011

It was hypothesized that unemployed men ( n = 50) would have significantly lower mean scores on work-related self-concept and family relations than employed men ( n = 50). Secondary hypotheses looked at the effect of the period of unemployment, method of job loss, and education on work-related self-concept. No significant differences were found between scores on work-related self-concept and family relations of the employed and the unemployed groups. The unemployed men with less education tended to have higher work-related self-concept scores than those with more education.
Development of the Somatic Response Survey
Authors: McCroskery James H. , Reihman Jacqueline
Published: August 2011

The goal in developing the Somatic Response Survey was to have a psychometrically sound, self-report instrument which could be used to assess patterns of normal physical responses during typical stressful situations. For a variety of reasons existing instruments were inappropriate for our goals. Three separate studies, involving 1623 students from 6 colleges, were conducted for data reduction, validation, and standardization of the Somatic Response Survey. Factor analyses indicated four meaningful factors: Gastrointestinal, Musculoskeletal, Temperature-Sweating, and Cardio-Respiratory. The factors collectively account for 91% of the variance and possess satisfactory internal consistency. The application of the Somatic Response Survey in both research and clinical settings is discussed.
Subtest Scatter as an Indicator of the Inaccuracy of Short-Form Estimates of IQ
Authors: Lobello Steven G.
Published: August 2011

Short-forms of Wechsler intelligence tests have abounded in the literature and have been recommended for use as screening instruments in clinical and research settings. Clinicians who administer short-forms as screening devices are concerned with the accuracy of the resulting IQ estimate. LoBello recently recommended that subtest scatter might serve as an indicator that the resulting short-form IQ does not accurately estimate the IQ based on the entire scale. In this study, the data from 69 children who had taken the WPPSI—R were used to estimate the correlation for the differences between Full Scale WPPSI—R IQs on the complete test and on the short-form (four subtests) and the differences between the subtests with the highest and lowest scaled scores. The Pearson r of .02 indicates that subtest scatter is not related to the accuracy of the short-form IQ and will not reliably alert clinicians to the need to administer the entire battery.
Aggression: The Dominant Psychological Response in Children with Malignant Disease
Authors: Kvist S. Béatrice M. , Kvist Mårten , Rajantie Jukka , Siimes Martti A.
Published: August 2011

During the 11-yr. period of 1976 to 1986 leukemia or lymphoma treatment at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki was electively discontinued for the children in 90 different families. Of the 53 (59%) patients (mean age 6.4 yr. at diagnosis and 12.8 yr. at completion of questionnaires) who agreed to participate in the present study, 48 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and five nonHodgkin lymphoma. Patients' and parents' impressions of the patients' psychological reactions during patients' prior chemotherapy were evaluated on parental and self-ratings. Also, knowledge of and presumed causes of the malignancy were studied. Patients' reactions of aggression, depression, eating disorders, hypersensitivity, phobic anxiety, death anxiety, and night terror were examined using factor analysis. Aggression, in the form of irritation and anger, was displayed more often by girls than by boys. Patients of families suffering from stress were prone to exhibit aggression in the form of mood changes, irritation, and anger. Patients with disease-related knowledge, as opposed to those less well informed, were less depressed. Discrepancies between parents' and patients' thoughts about the origin of the malignancy were noted.
Development of the Male Function Profile/Impotence Questionnaire
Authors: Fineman Kenneth R. , Rettinger Herbert I.
Published: August 2011

This paper describes three studies conducted to develop the Male Function Profile/Impotence Questionnaire as well as the psychometric properties of the instrument. The questionnaire is computer scored and, based on an interactional model, differentiates between organogenic and psychogenic causes for erectile dysfunction. Each subject is assigned one of 21 impotence profiles. Additional work-up recommendations are based on a breakdown and narrative describing all medical and psychological factors which bear on the subject's impotence.
Entertainment Manna: Does Television Viewing Lead to Appetitive Helplessness?
Authors: Hearn Gregory
Published: August 2011

A link between passivity and television viewing has long been part of the public discourse about television. Despite this, both cognitive and psychophysiological studies of viewing have tended to dismiss such a link. The possibility that the basis of the persistent public perceptions lies in motivational rather than attentional or psychophysiological mechanisms is explored. Starting with the observation that, regardless of the content, television viewing involves noncontingent reinforcement, reviewed research links television viewing and a range of helplessness outcomes. Three specific hypotheses which derive from helplessness theory are developed to stimulate further consideration of the issue.
Correlations of Temperament Types, Intensity of Crisis at Midlife with Scores on a Death Scale
Authors: Waskel Shirley A. , Coleman Judith
Published: August 2011

331 subjects completed the Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter and Dickstein's Death Scale and responded to an intensity of midlife crisis probe. Using a Pearson product-moment coefficient, weak but significant correlations were found for the introvert-sensor-thinker-judger temperament type on the Think and Anxiety sub-scales and the Think subscale for introvert-sensor-thinker-judger (ISTJ) temperament type.