bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small‐size coupled‐fed printed PIFA for internal eight‐band LTE/GSM/UMTS mobile phone antenna
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Tu Ming‐Fang , Wu Tzuenn‐Yih , Li Wei‐Yu
Published: June 2010

A coupled‐fed printed PIFA (planar inverted‐F antenna) with a small footprint (about 415 mm2) for eight‐band operation covering the LTE700/2300/2500, GSM850/900/1800/1900, and UMTS bands in the mobile phone is presented.The proposed PIFA uses only a single radiating strip of length 45 mm which is short‐circuited to the system ground plane of the mobile phone through a long inductive shorting strip and is capacitively excited by a long coupling strip. The capacitive excitation leads to the generation of the λ/8 resonant mode at about 850 MHz and the higher order resonant modes at about 1900 MHz for the printed PIFA. The inductive shorting strip contributes additional inductance to achieve enhanced impedance matching for the excited 850 MHz band to achieve a dual‐resonant behavior, which results in a wide lower band to cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 operation. A higher order resonant mode at about 2650 MHz is also contributed by the long inductive shorting strip. This resonant mode incorporating the one at about 1900 MHz generated by using the coupling feed forms a wide upper band to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation. Compact integration of the proposed antenna with a nearby loudspeaker is also promising. Details of the results are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2123–2128, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25387
Tunable fiber fabry‐perot filter for PM‐IM conversion and efficiency improvement in radio‐over‐fiber links
Authors: Ji Yubin , Zheng Shilie , Li Ze , Jin Xiaofeng , Zhang Xianmin , Chi Hao
Published: June 2010

A novel method is proposed and demonstrated to simultaneously realize phase‐to‐intensity modulation conversion (PM‐IM) and efficiency improvement using a fiber Fabry‐Perot (FFP) tunable filter. To achieve the conversion of phase modulation to intensity modulation, the phase‐modulated light is transmitted from one of the slopes of the FFP tunable filter to break the amplitude balance of the sidebands. Meanwhile, the modulation depth is increased due to the more suppression of the optical carrier than one of the first‐order sidebands. The results demonstrate that the PM‐IM conversion has been achieved and an about 10‐dB gain of electrical signal power could be obtained with suitable optical carrier suppression for both 10‐and 20‐GHz microwave input. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2090–2095, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25389
Performance evaluation of a low‐cost switched‐beam antenna for WLAN users
Authors: Uthansakul Monthippa , Chaipanya Pichaya , Uthansakul Peerapong
Published: June 2010

This article proposes a low‐cost switched‐beam antenna using single antenna element for WLANs.This octagonal‐shape antenna allows eight beam‐patterns, which can be controlled by shorted‐circuit terminations at different edges. The prototype of proposed antenna is constructed and tested to demonstrate its beam steering capability, compared with simulation results. Also the prototype is tested under real circumstance in existing WLAN infrastructure. The measured results reveal that signal strength can be improved using the proposed antenna over omnidirectional antenna utilized in these days. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2069–2074, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25394
Simultaneous measurement of force and temperature based on a half corroded FBG
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Zhao Chun‐Liu , Dong Xinyong , Zhang Shuqin , Chan Chi Chiu , Shum Ping
Published: June 2010

A simple single fiber Bragg grating (FBG)‐based force sensing head is proposed, in which half of the FBG is thinned through chemical corrosion with hydrofluoric acid so that different force sensitivities are achieved from the two grating halves, while their temperature sensitivities remain the same. The initial single Bragg reflection peak of the FBG splits into two, whose wavelengths are sensitive to both force and temperature, but the separation of their wavelengths is determined only by the applied force. As a result, simultaneous measurement of force and temperature are realized by measuring wavelengths of the two peaks. In the experiment, sensitivities of 0.784 nm/N and 9.7 pm/°C are achieved for force and temperature, respectively. And the corresponding resolutions are 0.013 N and 1.03°C, limited by the wavelength measurement resolution, 0.01 nm, of the employed optical spectrum analyzer. PACS: 42.81.Pa, 42.81.‐i. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2020–2023, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25397
Adding microstrip line at the bottom of PCB for enhancing antenna bandwidth
Authors: Cho B.‐G. , Lee K.‐M. , Kim Y.‐S.
Published: June 2010

In this article, added microstrip line at the bottom area of printed circuit board (PCB) is proposed for improving the bandwidth of GSM900, DCS1800, and PCS1900. By printing the microstrip line at the bottom area of PCB, frequency bandwidth of slim‐type cellular phone which has a low‐profile monopole antenna is improved. Dimension of the microstrip line is 45 mm × 9 mm. The width and length of the microstrip line is modified for good bandwidth. The measured return loss of the antenna is better than 7.3 dB for low and high band. Measured peak gains of the proposed antenna present 3.41, 5.48, and 5.95 dBi in each band, respectively. Details of the antenna design are described. Its performances are also presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1984–1988, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25399
Radio‐on‐fiber transport system using double modulation for down‐conversion technique
Authors: Tsai W. S. , Lin Z. S. , Hsu C. H.
Published: June 2010

We propose a frequency down‐conversion system in this letter. The system produces signals with 200 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.8 GHz, and 5 GHz frequencies by loading 2.4 and 5 GHz signals. By the reactions of the double sideband modulation using two Mach‐Zehnder modulators. Filter out the specific signal with optical bandpass filter to achieve the effect for down‐conversion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1949–1952, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25400
A new artificial intelligent technique for designing of microstrip stepped impedance low‐pass filter
Authors: Taher Hany
Published: June 2010

In this letter, we have presented a new design methodology for microstrip stepped impedance filter.An artificial neural network has been used to learn the nonlinear relationship between the design specifications and physical dimensions of the required filter. The performance of filter designed with this technique has been successfully validated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1946–1949, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25401
Effects of parasitic resonance on a vertical transition in multilayer printed circuit boards
Authors: Choi Sung Tae , Hamaguchi Kiyoshi , Tokuda Kiyohito , Kim Yong Hoon
Published: June 2010

This article reports on parasitic resonance effects of a ground plane with/without a ground opening underneath a signal via with an open stub on the performance of a vertical transition in a multilayer printed circuit board. An equivalent circuit model that accounts for the parasitic resonance due to the open stub inductance and the parasitic capacitance is developed and verified with the measured and simulated results. The fabricated transition exhibits a return loss better than about 10 dB and an insertion loss less than 1.9 dB up to 21.5 GHz. A good agreement is observed between measured and simulated results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2098–2100, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25404
Dual‐band hybrid coupler with extended bandwidth
Authors: Cheung King Yin , Zheng Shao Yong , Chan Wing Shing , Man Kim Fung
Published: June 2010

A dual‐band branch‐line quadrature coupler with extended bandwidth using simple three‐section branch line is presented.This proposed design exhibits larger bandwidth than existing dual‐band designs reported in previous literature. A dual‐band branch‐line coupler was designed and measured to give 34.5 and 16.4% bandwidth in the lower band and upper band, respectively, for an amplitude imbalance less than 1 dB. The achieved bandwidth is wide enough to cover wireless local area network and wideband code division multiple access applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2095–2098, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25405
Bandwidth enhancement of coupled‐fed on‐board printed PIFA using bypass radiating strip for eight‐band LTE/WWAN slim mobile phone
Authors: Chen Shu‐Chuan , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: June 2010

By connecting a bypass radiating strip to the radiating portion of a coupled‐fed on‐board printed PIFA (planar inverted‐F antenna), significant bandwidth enhancement can be obtained.The bypass radiating strip provides a bypass for the excited surface currents of the printed PIFA, which leads to more uniform surface current distributions on the printed PIFA. This behavior can result in slow variations in the antenna's input impedance over the operating bands, which makes it very promising to achieve improved impedance matching; thus, enhanced bandwidths of the printed PIFA are obtained. In this study, with a small footprint to be printed on the no‐ground portion of 15 × 48 mm2 in the system circuit board of the mobile phone, the proposed on‐board printed antenna is especially suitable for slim mobile phone applications and can generate two wide operating bands to respectively cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 operation (698–960 MHz) and the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation (1710–2690 MHz). The proposed antenna held by the user's hand and attached to the user's head is also tested for its SAR values over the eight operating bands. Measured and simulated results are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2059–2065, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25406
Design of V‐band CMOS down‐converting cascode mixer
Authors: Kuo Hsin‐Chih , Chuang Huey‐Ru , Huang Tzuen‐Hsi
Published: June 2010

This article presents a V‐band down‐converting cascode mixer fabricated in the 0.13‐μm CMOS process.The mixer utilizes the cascode topology and adds a buffer to avoid loading effects. The V‐band mixer exhibits a conversion gain of −1.7 dB, an input 1‐dB compression point of −8 dBm at RF of 60 GHz, IF of 5 GHz, and LO power of 0 dBm. The RF‐IF isolation is more than 26 dB. The LO‐RF isolation is more than 15 dB. In addition to the good agreement between simulation and measurement, the proposed cascode CMOS mixer with a small chip size has a complete measured performance for further 60‐GHz receiver RF front‐end integration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1973–1977, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25408
Internal WWAN antenna for the clamshell mobile phone with various chassis shapes
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Lee Cheng‐Tse , Lyu Chao‐An
Published: June 2010

Stable performances of an internal WWAN antenna applied in the clamshell mobile phone with various chassis shapes are obtained. Six different states including five possible operating states and one closed state (idle condition) of the clamshell mobile phone, wherein the chassis shapes (main ground and upper ground) vary greatly, are studied. The WWAN antenna is mounted at the bottom of the main ground, and there are three connecting positions between the main ground and the upper ground. For each operating states, the upper ground is connected to the main ground at one of the three connecting positions. At each position, a band‐stop circuit formed by two parallel LC chip elements is embedded, which is designed to excite a parallel resonance at around 900 MHz and hence leads to very high impedance seen into the upper ground in the 900 MHz band. This greatly decreases the excited surface currents on the upper ground, making the presence of the upper ground to have very small effects on the performances of the WWAN antenna mounted at the bottom of the main ground. At around 1900 MHz, owing to its shorter wavelength, the surface currents on the upper ground excited by the WWAN antenna on the main ground are small. Thus, over both the 900‐ and 1900‐MHz bands, the various orientations of the upper ground to the main ground cause small effects on the WWAN antenna embedded therein. Details of the obtained results are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2148–2154, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25413
An elliptically flared waveguide horn
Authors: Malherbe J. A. G. , Katcodia Y.
Published: June 2010

An X‐band waveguide horn of which the sides flare by an elliptic function is described. Measurements performed show that the structure exhibits an absence of side lobes in the conventional sense, and that the radiation pattern varies very little over the entire X‐band. It has almost equal beamwidth in the principal planes, and the input return loss is extremely low. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2118–2120, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25414
Fabrication of system with probe for high‐frequency measurement applications
Authors: Matsumoto Keiji , Choi Woon , Tomokage Hajime
Published: June 2010

In this study, a new type of low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) probes fabricated using the system‐in‐package (SiP) technology is proposed; these probes are used for high‐frequency measurements. The advantage of LTCC probes is that suitable structures of the metal tips of their electrodes can be easily created by cutting LTCC sheets during the fabrication process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2083–2087, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25416
Slits‐loaded microstrip antennas for circular polarization
Authors: Nasimuddin N. , Qing X. , Chen Z.N.
Published: June 2010

Novel diagonally slits‐loaded compact microstrip antennas are proposed for circular polarization (CP). A group of four slits is loaded on the square patch radiator for compact antenna size with CP radiation. The slit with unequal sizes loaded on square patch in diagonal directions is used to achieve CP radiation. The combined V‐shaped and square slits, diagonally loaded, microstrip antenna is compact when compared with V‐shaped slits loaded microstrip antenna. The measured 10‐dB return loss and 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidths are 3.55% and 0.82%, respectively, for a combined V‐shaped and square slits loaded microstrip patch antenna. The overall size of the antenna is 0.256λ0×0.256λ0×0.0136λ0 at 2.55 GHz. The proposed slits‐loaded patch radiator is useful for compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna and array designs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2043–2049, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25417
Fast directional multilevel algorithm combined with Calderon multiplicative preconditioner for stable electromagnetic scattering analysis
Authors: Chen H. , Zhu J. , Chen R. S. , Fan Z.H.
Published: June 2010

In this article, a new method called fast directional multilevel algorithm (FDMA) is proposed for three‐dimensional electromagnetic problems. Combined with the Caldron identities of Calderon multiplicative preconditioner (CMP), the new algorithm has a fast convergence rate of iterative solvers and is stable at low frequency for the electrical field integral equation solutions. Like the fast multipole method, octree structure is used in our proposed algorithm. However, the new algorithm does not require the implementation of multipole expansions of the Green's function but based only on kernel evaluations. It does not suffer from low‐frequency breakdown when the discretization density is high. The numerical results demonstrate that the CMP‐preconditioned FDMA leads to significant reduction of both the iteration number and the computer processing use (CPU) time for radar cross section (RCS) calculation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1963–1969, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25421
Miniaturization of an UHF RFID reader antenna using an artificial magneto‐dielectric
Authors: Chung Haeil , Lee Youngki , Choi Jaehoon
Published: June 2010

In this article, a miniaturization method for a ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification reader antenna using an artificial magneto‐dielectric is proposed. The miniaturization was achieved using an artificial magneto‐dielectric, realized using a split ring resonator (SRR). The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the designed antenna ranges from 908.5 to 914 MHz. The measured peak gain is −3.75 dBi and the axial ratio is below 3 dB over the frequency band of interest. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1926–1930, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25423
Preparation of amino acid ester substituted polyphosphazene microparticles via electrohydrodynamic atomization
Authors: Xue Liwei , Mao Lixin , Cai Qing , Yang Xiaoping , Jin Riguang
Published: June 2010

This study aims to fabricate biodegradable polyphosphazene microparticles by electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) for applications in drug delivery system. Polyphosphazene microparticles with varied morphologies, such as spherical, doughnut‐shaped, and corrugated, were resulted from electrospraying depending on solvents, molecular weight of polyphosphazene, and concentration of polymeric solution. The solubility of polyphosphazene in different solvents was found to be a significant factor determining the particle‐to‐fiber formation, while concentration of polymeric solution has remarkable effect on particle morphology. Accordingly, a graphic description was proposed to interpret the formation of polyphosphazene microparticles during EHDA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and wettability relationship of coelectrospun poly (L‐lactic acid)/gelatin composite fibrous mats
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Xu Qingqing , Yan Na , Sui Gang , Cai Qing , Deng Xuliang
Published: June 2010

Coelectrospun polylactide(PLA)/gelatin (GE) composite fibrous matrixes have been identified to exhibit much improved performances compared to the respective components; however, the reasons for their water contact angles decreasing to zero at proper PLA/GE ratios remain unclear. To get a deep understanding of the phenomenon, PLA and GE were coelectrospun with different PLA/GE ratios in this study. Although the resulting composite fibers were homogeneous in appearance, they were detected different microscopic structures by transmission electron mircroscope (TEM) and via morphological observations after selective removal of either PLA or GE component. Together with the results of degradation study in phosphate buffered solution, a kind of cocontinuous phase separation microstructure could be identified for the PLA(50 wt%)/GE(50 wt%) composite fibers, which also showed the water contact angle of 0°. This value was far lower than those of electrospun PLA (∼123°) and GE (∼42°) fibrous matrixes. The X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) data revealed that the polar side groups of protein macromolecules have moved toward composite fiber surface with solvent evaporation during electrospinning, due to the hydrophobic interaction between PLA and GE. Then the excellent hydrophilicity of PLA(50 wt%)/GE(50 wt%) composite fibers could be suggested as the consequence of: (1) the cocontinuous phase separation structure could provide more interface and void for water molecules penetrating; and (2) the accumulation of polar groups on composite fiber surface significantly increased the surface wettability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of conducting polyaniline–multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites and their use as templates for loading gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: June 2010

A new and effective route to synthesize conducting polyaniline‐multiwalled carbon nanotube (PANI ‐f‐MWNT) nanocomposites (where ‘f’ denotes that the MWNTs have been functionalized) starting with amine‐protected 4‐aminophenol is reported. Aminophenol‐functionalized MWNTs were initially synthesized by functionalizing acyl chloride‐terminated nanotubes with N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐4‐aminophenol followed by the in situ chemical oxidative grafting of aniline in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent. Control of the morphology and thickness of the polymer–MWNT nanocomposites was achieved by varying the weight ratios of aniline monomers and MWNTs in the polymerization process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the initial changes in surface functionalities which also confirmed that PANI was covalently grafted to the MWNTs. Electron microscopy and UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and chemical structure of the resulting hybrids. The results obtained indicate that the structure of the MWNTs was not perturbed by the incorporation of PANI. The content of the polymer in the nanocomposites was determined thermogravimetrically, while the electrical conductivity was obtained using four‐probe measurements. The PANI ‐f‐MWNT nanocomposites were adopted as templates for further decoration with gold nanoparticles in solution, thus opening new possibilities for their prospective technological applications. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Liver‐targeting doxorubicin‐conjugated polymeric prodrug with pH‐triggered drug release profile
Authors: Huang Jin , Gao Feng , Tang Xiaoxin , Yu Jiahui , Wang Daxin , Liu Shiyuan , Li Yaping
Published: June 2010

The aim of the research presented was to develop a potential liver‐targeting prolonged‐circulation polymeric prodrug of doxorubicin (Dox) with a pH‐triggered drug release profile. In particular, linear dendritic block copolymers composed of polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG; number‐average molecular weight of 2000 g mol−1) with or without galactose (Gal) were synthesized. Dox was coupled to the copolymers via an acid‐labile hydrazone linker. These prodrugs, designated Gal‐PEG‐b‐PAMAM‐Doxn and mPEG‐b‐PAMAM‐Doxm, showed accelerated Dox release as the pH decreased from 8.0 to 5.6. Cytotoxicity of the prodrugs was lower than that of free Dox due to the gradual drug release nature. Compared to mPEG‐b‐PAMAM‐Doxm, Gal‐PEG‐b‐PAMAM‐Doxn showed rather high cytotoxicity against Bel‐7402, suggestive of its galactose receptor‐mediated enhanced tumor uptake. This galactose receptor‐mediated liver‐targeted profile was further confirmed by the prolonged retention time in hepatoma tissue monitored using magnetic resonance imaging. Gal‐PEG‐b‐PAMAM‐Doxn showed better in vivo antitumor efficacy than free Dox, suggesting its great potential as a polymeric antitumor prodrug. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of chain packing on the thermal and dynamic mechanical behaviour of liquid‐crystalline epoxy thermosets
Authors: Giamberini Marta , Malucelli Giulio , Ambrogi Veronica , Capitani Donatella , Cerruti Pierfrancesco
Published: June 2010

Liquid‐crystalline thermosets (LCTs) have received considerable attention since they exhibit many interesting properties. However, some aspects concerning LCTs are still unexplored. In particular, the structure–property relationships, as far as the organization of liquid‐crystalline (LC) domains in cured thermosets is concerned, have not been fully elucidated yet. We investigated the effect of the presence of a nematic mesophase on the thermal and dynamic mechanical behaviour of p‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)phenyl‐p‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)benzoate cured with 2,4‐diaminotoluene. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis showed that epoxy group conversion was complete in both LC and isotropic (ISO) systems; moreover, a greater amount of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the LC material was found. Thermogravimetric analysis evidenced similar thermal stability for the two systems, but a kinetic analysis of the data showed that the degradation process is more complex for the LC sample, and is characterized by higher activation energy. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed lower glass transition temperature values for the LC system. Solid‐state NMR analysis evidenced lower paramagnetic oxygen absorption for this system. DMTA results show that the ISO material possesses a larger number of physical crosslinks, which act as extra constraints on the molecular motions. In the case of the LCT, the formation of a locally more dense structure is postulated, where the presence of more extended macromolecular segments leads to a smaller number of physical crosslinks, as also confirmed by solid‐state NMR analysis. A more compact molecular packing also leads to an increase of the activation energies of the thermal degradation process of the LC system. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
CH3CH2SCH3 + OH radicals: temperature‐dependent rate coefficient and product identification under atmospheric pressure of air
Authors: Oksdath‐Mansilla Gabriela , Peñéñory Alicia B. , Albu Mihaela , Barnes Ian , Wiesen Peter , Teruel Mariano A.
Published: June 2010

Relative rate coefficients have been determined for the gas‐phase reaction of hydroxyl (OH) radicals with ethyl methyl sulfide (EMS) using isobutene as a reference compound. The experiments were performed in a 1080 L quartz glass photoreactor in the temperature range of 286–313 K at a total pressure of 760 ± 10 Torr synthetic air using in situ FTIR absorption spectroscopy to monitor the concentration‐time behaviors of reactants and products. OH radicals were produced by the 254 nm photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

The kinetic data obtained were used to derive the following Arrhenius expression valid in the temperature range of 286–313 K (in units of cm3 molecule−1 s−1): $k = (3.0 \pm 0.6) \times 10^{ - 15} \exp \left[ {{{(2457 \pm 65)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(2457 \pm 65)} T}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} T}} \right]$

The rate coefficient displays a negative temperature dependence and low pre‐exponential factor which supports the existence of an addition mechanism for the reaction involving reversible OH‐adduct formation. The results are compared with previous data of other sulfides from the literature and are rationalized in terms of structure–reactivity relationships.

Additionally, product identification of the title reaction was performed for the first time by the FTIR technique under atmospheric conditions. Sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, and formic acid were observed as degradation products in agreement with the two possible reaction channels (addition/abstraction). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methyl cation affinity (MCA) values for phosphanes
Authors: Lindner Christoph , Maryasin Boris , Richter Frank , Zipse Hendrik
Published: June 2010

Methyl cation affinity (MCA) values have been calculated for a variety of phosphanes at the MP2(FC)/6‐31+G(2d,p)//B98/6‐31G(d) level of theory. The analysis of MCA values for tri‐alkyl phosphanes reveals that substituent effects are additive for unbranched and cyclic alkyl substituents, and (with some modification) also for most of the branched alkyl substituents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrally dependent locations of hot‐spots in nanoparticle clusters
Authors: Letnes Paul Anton , Simonsen Ingve
Published: June 2010

We study the optical response of clusters of metallic nanospheres in the electrostatic approximation, using a spherical harmonic representation of the electric field. Field enhancement and near field interactions between the spheres are investigated numerically. Symmetry properties of certain clusters give rise to highly localized maxima of the electric field, denoted “hot spots.” From numerical experiments performed at optical frequencies of the incident light, it is found that various geometrical configurations exhibit interesting phenomena; in particular, that hot spots move spatially around as a function of the frequency of the incident light. We present simulation results for the simplest nanoparticle cluster known to exhibit these interesting phenomena, namely, a regular octahedron.
Bond models in linear and nonlinear optics
Authors: Aspnes D. E.
Published: June 2010

Atomic‐scale descriptions of linear‐optical properties such as reflection are nearly a century old, but surprisingly, analogous models describing nonlinear‐optical (NLO) properties as the natural dynamic response of bond charges driven by an external field are a recent development. These bond‐charge models have proven to be particularly useful in describing the relevant physics of second‐, third‐, and fourth‐harmonic generation, identifying previously unrecognized contributions to NLO responses, and uncovering well‐disguised correlations in tensor parameters determined phenomenologically from symmetry conditions. Current capabilities are discussed, and opportunities for improved understanding noted.
Optical properties of GaSb(001)‐c(2 × 6): The role of surface antisite defects
Authors: Hogan Conor , Magri Rita , Del Sole Rodolfo
Published: June 2010

We consider the formation of surface antisite defects on a previously proposed model for the GaSb(001)‐c(2 × 6) surface. Based on ab initio total energy calculations, we show how these defects stabilize the otherwise metallic surface and how their formation is driven by the excess charge associated with the Sb‐rich surface conditions. The surface‐sensitive optical technique of reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy is shown to be crucial for detecting the defects, and computation of spectra yields a good agreement with experiment when defects are included in the surface reconstruction.
Electronic structure and Compton profiles of CdO and HgO
Authors: Choudhary Gopal , Raykar Veera , Tiwari Shailja , Dashora Alpa , Ahuja Babu Lal
Published: June 2010

We present the first ever measured experimental electron momentum densities of CdO and HgO at an intermediate resolution using 20 Ci 137Cs Compton spectrometer. The measurements are compared with the theoretical Compton profiles using density functional theory (DFT) and hybridization of DFT with the Hartree–Fock as embodied in linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) scheme. In addition, we have also calculated the energy bands and density of states using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method and the LCAO schemes. It is seen that the hybridization scheme, which overestimates the band gap, gives a better agreement with the experimental profiles. A comparative nature of bonding is also discussed in terms of equal‐valence‐electron‐density scaling of both the experimental profiles and valence charge densities.
18Oxygen diffusion in polycrystalline lead lanthanum zirconate titanate
Authors: Hummelt Stefan , Flege Stefan , Ensinger Wolfgang
Published: June 2010

18O oxygen tracer diffusion coefficients and activation energies were determined in polycrystalline PLZT (lead lanthanum zirconate titanate) with varying La concentration in the temperature range of 500 °C to 800 °C. For this purpose the isotope exchange method and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling were used. As a novel approach a chemically reduced sample was prepared by anneal‐ ing at low oxygen partial pressure (p (O2) ≈ 10–13 Pa). Subsequently the sample was thermally charged with 18O, too. Results indicate a higher diffusion rate in the reduced sample than in as‐received PLZT thus leading to the assumption that the diffusion mechanism in PLZT is vacancy driven despite the strong donor doping of the perovskite lattice. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Compression testing to simulate real‐world stresses
Authors: Frank Benjamin , Gilgenbach Michael , Maltenfort Michael
Published: June 2010

Unit load testing of boxes reported in the literature typically uses empty boxes to explore the impact and interactions among box configurations, pallet support and other environmental parameters. However, this approach leads to failure in the weakest box in the unitized structure, while in the field, failure almost always occurs in the bottom box, which may or may not be the weakest. We find in this paper that mathematically, numerically and experimentally, forcing box failure to the bottom results in higher test values. While this occurs naturally for boxes in use in the field, it is an interaction which to date has been overlooked by researchers examining box performance in the lab. The impact on box estimation can be on the order of 5% or more, which can be as significant as some of the environmental factors we are working to quantify, and which can have significant cost implications. To improve the assessment used in the industry to account for the impact of a box's ‘in use environment’ on its performance, we need further testing on configurations where the boxes are loaded. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universal design (UD) principles for flexible packaging and corresponding minimal customer requirement set
Authors: Yiangkamolsing Chana , Bohez Erik L. J. , Bueren Ingo
Published: June 2010

Other research has established seven UD principles and performance measures for the design and assessment of generic products. The objective of this research is to improve the suitability of UD for flexible packaging. The methodology used here begins by creating customer requirements from UD performance measures and packaging functions from JIS S 0022‐4. The authors propose a correlation matrix to discard uncorrelated, duplicated and irrelevant requirements from the list of requirements. The remaining customer requirements are screened by using the Index of Consistency. Then, experts check and add essential customer requirements. A factor analysis is conducted on the survey data to find the important requirements and eliminate uncorrelated requirements. The number of customer requirements is reduced from 261 to 39 with five principles corresponding to UD. The five principles relevant to UD are (a) convenient, intuitive and simple use; (b) perceptible information; (c) structure and graphic design; (d) easy opening; and (e) equitable use. The benefit of the new five principles is not only the reduction from seven principles to five principles, but also the grouped customer requirements that are easy to use for packaging manufacturers and packaging designers. Customer requirements can be used as performance measures to evaluate the compliance of flexible packaging to UD. Finally, the application of the five principles and 39 customer requirements are demonstrated with case studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric regression models for repeated measures of mortal cohorts with non‐monotone missing outcomes and time‐dependent covariates
Authors: Shardell Michelle , Hicks Gregory E. , Miller Ram R. , Magaziner Jay
Published: June 2010

We propose a semiparametric marginal modeling approach for longitudinal analysis of cohorts with data missing due to death and non‐response to estimate regression parameters interpreted as conditioned on being alive. Our proposed method accommodates outcomes and time‐dependent covariates that are missing not at random with non‐monotone missingness patterns via inverse‐probability weighting. Missing covariates are replaced by consistent estimates derived from a simultaneously solved inverse‐probability‐weighted estimating equation. Thus, we utilize data points with the observed outcomes and missing covariates beyond the estimated weights while avoiding numerical methods to integrate over missing covariates. The approach is applied to a cohort of elderly female hip fracture patients to estimate the prevalence of walking disability over time as a function of body composition, inflammation, and age. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of enzymatic modification of soybean protein on the pasting and rheological profile of starch–protein systems
Authors: Ribotta Pablo D. , Rosell Cristina M.
Published: June 2010

Reformulation of traditional food systems to introduce new ingredients may change their structure and perceived texture. Interactions between proteins and starch during processing can markedly influence starch gel network structure and rheological profile. The present work aimed to study the effects of soybean protein and the products of enzymatic modification on the pasting and rheological profile of corn and cassava starch. The behavior of those protein‐enriched gels during storage was also assessed. Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was incubated with endopeptidase (AL) or food grade microbial transglutaminase (TG). Pasting and rheological behavior, water retention capacity, and structure of protein– and hydrolyzed protein–starch gels were analyzed. Protein incorporation increased the viscosity of starch suspension during and after heating. SPI‐modified proteins increased peak viscosity. Only the structural modifications brought by TG on SPI increased the final viscosity during starch pasting and the storage modulus (G′). This modulus (G′) of the gelled systems decreased with the addition of AL‐treated protein isolate. Light and fluorescence microscopy showed that SPI formed a continuous phase, like a network, in the gelled system. Different network structures and rheological properties can be obtained when SPI are modified by protease and TG enzymes, which may be very useful for designing new food products.
Expatriation: Traditional criticisms and international careers: Introducing the special issue
Authors: Bonache Jaime , Brewster Chris , Suutari Vesa , De Saá Petra
Published: June 2010

In this introduction to our special issue, we will first seek to discuss the extent to which recent expatriation research and literature is still subject to earlier criticisms. Second, we will discuss the future research needs concerning the theme of this special issue, international careers, briefly reviewing the dominating research theme within the international career context (i.e., the career impacts of international assignment) and suggesting some future research areas. After that, we will offer a particularly promising new avenue for future research: the new forms of international work. We will conclude by summarizing the articles for this special issue and illustrate how they fit within this new avenue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of career capital through international assignments and its transferability to new contexts
Authors: Jokinen Tiina
Published: June 2010

Individuals working in a dynamic international operating environment need flexibility and related competencies that can be transferred to different contexts. Understanding the development and transferability of these competencies is therefore important for both individuals and firms. This article examines and contrasts the development of expatriates' career capital during their first two international assignments, and its transferability to new contexts. Based on interviews with Finnish expatriates, the results show that each assignment has different developmental influences and that all types of career capital acquired are transferable, but not equally or in the same way. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alteration in Phantom Pain and Sensation With Visceral Movement
Authors: Sivan Manoj , Stoppard Elizabeth , Kirker Stephen
Published: June 2010

Some lower limb amputees can present with alteration in phantom pain and sensation with visceral movement (micturition/defaecation). The authors specifically questioned 200 lower limb amputees from 2 amputee rehabilitation centers (150 recent lower limb amputees in the first center and 50 consecutive recent and established lower limb amputees in the second center) for such symptoms. Eight patients from the first center and 5 patients from the second center reported having the phenomenon. In this case series, the authors report the patient‐described symptoms, estimate the prevalence, and discuss the likely pathophysiology of the phenomenon.
A comparison of Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic intraplate magmatic areas in Central Asia and paleomagnetic reconstructions of the anomalous-mantle location
Authors: Kovalenko D.V.
Published: June 2010

The Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic location of volcanic zones in the Central Asian intraplate volcanic province has been reconstructed. The anomalous-mantle regions related to magmatism in the province changed in shape in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. In the early Early Cretaceous, the anomalous-mantle regions spanned from 42° to 61° N (about 2000 km in latitude), and their location might have remained unchanged throughout the Cretaceous. Magmatism in the province took place in the lithospheric regions of the Eurasian Plate with a thickness close to or smaller than that of the oceanic lithosphere. Late Mesozoic magmas originated mainly from hydrated mantle sources with isotopic compositions typical of PREMA or EM-II. In the Early Cenozoic (50 Ma), the anomalous mantle was considerably less active than in the Early Cretaceous. Magmatic melts were generated only in two mantle regions: the local South Hangay hotspot and, apparently, the fairly extensive (at least 800 km wide) mantle region north and northeast of it. The entire anomalous mantle spanned from 46° to 59° N (about 1300 km in latitude). Magmas of OIB type originated from slightly hydrated sources with isotopic compositions typical of PREMA or EM-I. In the Miocene, the mantle might have again “ejected” heated decompressed anomalous matter. The ejection led to an outburst of magmatism and expansion of the volcanic province up to 2000 km in latitude. The lithosphere in all the volcanic zones was thin, including the entire Eurasian territory over the South Hangay hotspot.
SOLUTION TO A QUESTION ON A FAMILY OF IMPRIMITIVE SYMMETRIC GRAPHS
Authors: XU GUANGJUN , ZHOU SANMING
Published: June 2010

We answer a recent question posed by Li et al. [‘Imprimitive symmetric graphs with cyclic blocks’, European J. Combin.31 (2010), 362–367] regarding a family of imprimitive symmetric graphs.
TOTALLY SYMMETRIC SURFACES OF CONSTANT MEAN CURVATURE IN HYPERBOLIC 3-SPACE
Authors: KOBAYASHI SHIMPEI
Published: June 2010

We detail a construction of totally symmetric surfaces of constant mean curvature 0≤H<1 in hyperbolic 3-space of sectional curvature −1 via the generalized Weierstrass type representation.
A CONCEPT OF SYNCHRONICITY ASSOCIATED WITH CONVEX FUNCTIONS IN LINEAR SPACES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: DRAGOMIR S. S.
Published: June 2010

A concept of synchronicity associated with convex functions in linear spaces and a Chebyshev type inequality are given. Applications for norms, semi-inner products and convex functions of several real variables are also given.
On Demonized Muslims and Vilified Jews: Between Theory and Politics
Authors: Dalsheim Joyce
Published: June 2010

In this article I engage the work of three scholars, each of whom speaks to reactions to Muslims or interventions in their lives in the United States and Europe. Each is critical of these reactions and interventions, and traces them to inconsistencies in liberal thought and practice. My purpose is to interrogate their theorizing by applying it to the interface of liberalism with another religious Other, one that tends to generate far less sympathy in the predominantly secular and liberal academy: religiously motivated Jewish settlers in Israeli-occupied territories. The first scholar is Saba Mahmood, who recently argued against U.S. involvement in trying to alter the theology and practices of Muslims in the Middle East. The second is Judith Butler, who in a 2008 article addressed Muslims in the Netherlands, the problems of citizenship, and the right to religious freedom. Finally, Talal Asad has spoken to issues of violence, arguing that suicide bombing is really not so different from state violences perpetrated by the United States and Israel. Each of their arguments contains critiques of secular liberalism and the contradictory ethics and inconsistencies within liberal thought and practice, and each carries different but related implications. My intent is to begin to explore the possibilities of applying the analyses of these writers to the case of conflict between religiously motivated settlers in Israeli-occupied territories and left-wing, secular, and liberal Israeli Jews. Although this case mirrors broader representations of “Islam and the West,” it is rarely considered in comparison when such representations are deconstructed. The questions raised through this uncomfortable comparison will, I hope, contribute to broader conversations about the challenges and complexities of living together with differences that may be threatening if not altogether incommensurable.
Said and the Religious Other
Authors: Furani Khaled
Published: June 2010

Whether observed in Frenchlaïcité, Kemalist Turkey, Kantian political theory, Western Christian theology, or North Indian classical music, the presence of modern secularity has been demonstrably complex (Asad 2003; Bakhle 2008; Blumenberg 1985; Connolly 1999; Navaro-Yashin 2002). My purpose in this essay is to further examine the intricacies of the modern secular, specifically its relation with what it deems “religious.” My focus will be Edward Said, whose paradigmatic engagement in secular, critical, and comparative inquiry makes his work an ideal place to investigate the modern apparition of the secular. It is widely acknowledged thatOrientalism(1979) led to a profound transformation of entire fields of inquiry in the humanities and social sciences, and even the creation of new ones. Said's work as a practice of criticism has been instrumental in addressing the affinities between forms of knowledge and domination, especially in their colonial variety. However, studies of his writings have only recently begun to address the topic of modern secularism in his work, which will be at the center of this paper (e.g., Mufti 2004; Hart 2000; Anidjar 2006; Apter 2004; Robbins 1994; Gourgouris 2004).