bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing clinical annotations to improve deep learning performance in prostate segmentation
Authors: Sarma Karthik V. , Raman Alex G. , Dhinagar Nikhil J. , Priester Alan M. , Harmon Stephanie , Sanford Thomas , Mehralivand Sherif , Turkbey Baris , Marks Leonard S. , Raman Steven S. , Speier William , Arnold Corey W.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Developing large-scale datasets with research-quality annotations is challenging due to the high cost of refining clinically generated markup into high precision annotations. We evaluated the direct use of a large dataset with only clinically generated annotations in development of high-performance segmentation models for small research-quality challenge datasets.

Materials and methods

We used a large retrospective dataset from our institution comprised of 1,620 clinically generated segmentations, and two challenge datasets (PROMISE12: 50 patients, ProstateX-2: 99 patients). We trained a 3D U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) segmentation model using our entire dataset, and used that model as a template to train models on the challenge datasets. We also trained versions of the template model using ablated proportions of our dataset, and evaluated the relative benefit of those templates for the final models. Finally, we trained a version of the template model using an out-of-domain brain cancer dataset, and evaluated the relevant benefit of that template for the final models. We used five-fold cross-validation (CV) for all training and evaluation across our entire dataset.

Results

Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on our large dataset (mean overall Dice 0.916, average Hausdorff distance 0.135 across CV folds). Using this model as a pre-trained template for refining on two external datasets significantly enhanced performance (30% and 49% enhancement in Dice scores respectively). Mean overall Dice and mean average Hausdorff distance were 0.912 and 0.15 for the ProstateX-2 dataset, and 0.852 and 0.581 for the PROMISE12 dataset. Using even small quantities of data to train the template enhanced performance, with significant improvements using 5% or more of the data.

Conclusion

We trained a state-of-the-art model using unrefined clinical prostate annotations and found that its use as a template model significantly improved performance in other prostate segmentation tasks, even when trained with only 5% of the original dataset.
Validation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2) questionnaire in hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Eggart Michael , Todd Jennifer , Valdés-Stauber Juan
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Interoception refers to the sensation, interpretation, and integration of internal somatic signals. Abnormalities in self-reported interoception are prevalent features of major depressive disorder (MDD) and may affect treatment outcomes. In the present study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the revised eight-dimensional and 37-item Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire (the MAIA-2) in a severely depressed sample, after translating two updated scales (Not-Distracting, Not-Worrying) into German. Specifically, we examined the measure’s internal consistency reliability, sensitivity to change, and minimal important differences (MID) with a focus on patient’s antidepressive responses to treatment.

Methods

The study enrolled 110 participants (age: M = 46.85, SD = 11.23; female: 55.45%) undergoing hospital treatment, of whom 87 were included in the pre-post analysis. Participants completed a German translation of MAIA-2 and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (pre-/post-treatment). Internal consistency reliability was determined by Cronbach’s α/McDonalds’s ω, sensitivity to change was determined by effect sizes, and MIDs were determined by distribution- (0.5*SD) and anchor-based approaches (mean change method; ROC curve cut-points).

Results

Depression severity reduced over the course of treatment (Median = -65.22%), and 34.48% of patients achieved remission. Reliability was appropriate for post-treatment (range of ω: .70-.90), but questionable for two pre-treatment scales (Noticing: ω = .64; Not-Distracting: ω = .66). The eight dimensions of MAIA-2 were sensitive to change (standardized response mean: .32-.81; Cohen’s effect size: .30-.92). Distribution-based MIDs (.38-.61) and anchor-based mean change MIDs (remission vs. partial response: .00-.85; partial response vs. nonresponse: .08-.88) were established on the group level. For six scales, ROC cut-points (remission: .00–1.33; response: -.20–1.00) demonstrated accurate classification to treatment response groups on the individual level.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the applicability of the MAIA-2 questionnaire in MDD. The updated version may have led to reliability improvements regarding the revised scales, but subthreshold reliability was evident prior to treatment. The measure’s dimensions were sensitive to change. MIDs were established that corresponded with antidepressive treatment outcomes. Our findings are consistent with a growing area of research which considers somatic feelings as key contributors to mental health.
Peter Roberts e Paulo Freire: companheiros de viagens
Authors: Arriada Eduardo , Nogueira Gabriela Medeiros , Vahl Mônica Maciel
Published: June 2021

A entrevista foi realizada da seguinte forma: enviamos as questões para Peter Roberts por e-mail e prontamente ele respondeu por escrito. Ao ler suas respostas tivemos interesse em outros aspectos, desse modo acrescentamos algumas questões, as quais foram respondidas da mesma forma.
Conversas complicadas com os currículos e os cantos dos estados-nação
Authors: Sussekind Maria Luiza
Published: June 2021

Trabalha a ideia de projeto de estado-nação, como promessa irrealizável, na perspectiva das

políticas curriculares atuais no Brasil som suporte nas teorias de Pinar, Certeau e Boaventura de Sousa

Santos.
E não sou eu uma criança? : Trabalho infantil, história e Brasil profundo
Authors: Santos Terezinha Oliveira , De Lucas Carlos Henrique
Published: June 2021

Ao longo do tempo, a busca pela educação formal constituiu-se uma das agendas de luta para os mais distanciados das esferas econômicas privilegiadas. Criticada por muitos, a educação formal representava, e ainda representa, uma oportunidade de ascensão social para essas pessoas. Corpos pretos, homossexuais, nordestinos, de mulheres, dentre outros, buscavam a escola (pública) com o propósito de vencer a pobreza e preencher de sentidos a vida. No entanto, como adversário desses projetos de transformação de uma realidade muitas vezes sofrida, o trabalho infantil, calcado em uma lógica colonial, fez ruir muitos dos sonhos desses sujeitos. No decorrer dos anos, o Trabalho Infantil (TI) e o Trabalho Infantil Doméstico (TID) têm-se apresentado como um dos principais fatores a contribuir para a repetência, a evasão e o abandono escolar, e suas consequências biopsicossociais para os milhões de sujeitos trabalhadores dos campos e das cidades do Brasil Profundo têm sido extremamente nefastas. Neste ensaio, objetivamos discutir a problemática do trabalho infantil em perspectiva socioeconômica,

histórica e cultural. Pretendemos pôr em diálogo tal temática com as contribuições de autores/as preocupados/as com a superação das desigualdades.
O que pensam os egressos sobre a sua formação inicial na licenciatura em matemática?
Authors: Voigt Jane Mery Richter , Pesce Marly Krüger de
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar as percepções de professores egressos de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática sobre a sua formação docente. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se em autores como Imbernón (2009), Tardif (2011), Gatti e Nunes (2009) e Fiorentini e Lorenzato (2006). De viés qualitativo, a pesquisa contou com 12 participantes, e como instrumento para coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas. Os resultados revelam aspectos importantes durante a formação inicial como: as condições institucionais como significativas para o desempenho e formação do licenciando ao longo do curso de formação; a articulação entre os conhecimentos específicos da área de formação e os pedagógicos como norteadores da formação; a aproximação com a escola de educação básica, o exemplo das práticas dos professores formadores e a troca de experiências com os colegas de curso como fundamental para a formação do professor.
Identidade e relações de gênero: diálogos com estudantes da educação de jovens e adultos no município de Bragança-PA
Authors: Santana José Dias , Dos santos Adriano Vasconcelos , Vieira Norma Cristina
Published: June 2021

Propõe-se discutir as questões de gênero com os jovens da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em uma escola de nível médio, no município de Bragança/PA. Objetivou-se investigar a compreensão dos/das estudantes sobre o conceito de gênero e seus desdobramentos. Utilizou-se aqui o método qualitativo, os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação de questionários a 21 estudantes, conversas e apresentação de filme/curtas também foram desenvolvidas no intuito de estimular as narrativas e a socialização dos lugares de gênero na qual os/as estudantes estão submetidos. Perceberam-se discursos naturalizados sobre o que é ser homem é o que é ser mulher, em nossa sociedade e ainda a reprodução de papéis pensados para os dois sexos. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a emergente necessidade de discutir questões relacionadas às relações de gênero de forma aberta, aprofundada e interdisciplinar na universidade e nas escolas da Educação Básica.
O que há de especial na educação especial brasileira?
Authors: Pletsch Marcia Denise
Published: June 2021

Este artigo discute as mudanças conceituais na área de Educação Especial tomando como referência as políticas de educação inclusiva. Para tal, usa dados de pesquisas realizadas pelo xxxx em diferentes redes de ensino ao longo dos últimos dez anos. Os resultados indicam que o campo da Educação Especial brasileira vive um momento de transformações epistemológicas. Argumenta-se que tais mudanças são fruto da compreensão por parte dos pesquisadores de que as investigações na área de Educação Especial devem focar a perspectiva inclusiva e de direitos humanos. Isto é, as mudanças em curso sugerem uma agenda de pesquisas em que o fenômeno da deficiência não seja mais analisado de forma isolada do conjunto das relações sociais, mas compreendido a partir de conceitos como de classe, gênero e raça, por exemplo.
A hipercrítica: mais uma volta no parafuso IV
Authors: Veiga-Neto Alfredo
Published: June 2021

Este artigo faz uma revisão e atualização do conceito de hipercrítica, proposto pelo autor há três décadas, no campo dos Estudos Foucaultianos. Como existem várias citações e referências a trabalhos anteriores escritos pelo próprio autor, é feita uma discussão acerca daquilo que muitos chamam de autoplágio. Argumenta-se que essa expressão é um oximoro e, como tal, implica uma contradição insolúvel. Dada a sua impossibilidade lógica, não faz sentido falar-se em autoplágio. Sendo assim, não há problema da autocitação desde que se informem as fontes originais. Explica-se que a hipercrítica é uma crítica radical que deve estar sempre disposta a se voltar sobre si mesma e criticar a si própria. Falar em radicalidade significa problematizar constantemente até a perspectiva em que ela se situa e as bases epistemológicas e teóricas sobre as quais se assenta. Nesse sentido, a hipercrítica se coloca na esteira do kantismo, mas assume uma perspectiva contingente e não-metafísica. São discutidas as possibilidades da hipercrítica no campo educacional, bem como sua efetividade e pertinência.
FENOMENA KARTU KREDIT DALAM TINJAUAN HADIS
Authors: Nurzakka Muhammad
Published: June 2021

AbstrakAdanya globalisasi dan modernisasi memicu perubahan besar dalam aspek masyarakat, salah satunya fenomena kartu kredit sebagai alat untuk bertransaksi. Jika dahulu uang fisik adalah instrumen penting dalam suatu transaksi, maka pada era sekarang menjadi lebih praktis dengan uang non fisik. Problem mendasar dari kartu kredit konvensional adalah adanya tambahan bunga yang harus dibayarkan yang dianggap sebagai praktik riba. Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana tinjauan hadis dalam menanggapi fenomena kartu kredit (konvensional) beserta solusinya dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa prinsip kartu kredit yang berlandaskan utang-piutang termasuk amalan yang terpuji. Tinjauan hadis memperbolehkan praktik hutang jika memang yakin mampu untuk melunasi serta melarang berhutang untuk maksiat. Jangan sampai dengan kemudahan yang ditawarkan malah membuat seseorang terjebak dalam pola hidup konsumtif dan berlebihan yang dilarang oleh syariat dan hendaknya kartu kredit digunakan untuk hal yang produktif.. Bagi mereka yang sangat membutuhkan penggunaan kartu kredit, hendaknya mengikuti pendapat yang memperbolehkan. Sedangkan bagi mereka yang tidak dalam kondisi darurat, maka sebaiknya menghindari penggunaan kartu kredit mengingat ada indikasi riba di dalamnya (sesuai dengan kaedah al-khuruj min al-ikhtilaf mustahab). AbstractThe existence of globalization and modernization has triggered major changes in aspects of society, one of which is the phenomenon of credit cards as a means of transaction. If in the past physical money was an important instrument in a transaction, in the present era it has become more practical with non-physical money. The basic problem with conventional credit cards is that there is an additional interest that must be paid which is considered a practice of usury. This paper discusses how the hadith responds to the phenomenon credit card (conventional) and its solutions using the descriptive-analysis method. This study concludes that the principle of credit cards based on debts is a commendable practice. The hadith allows the practice of debt if you are sure you are able to pay off and prohibit debt for immorality. Do not let the facilities offered actually make someone trapped in a consumptive and excessive lifestyle that is prohibited by the Shari'a and credit cards should be used for productive things. For those who really need to use credit cards, they should follow permissible opinions. Whereas for those who are not in an emergency, it is better to avoid using credit cards considering that there are indications of usury in them (according to the rules of al-khuruj min al-ikhtilaf mustahab).
KONTRIBUSI FILSAFAT PERDAMAIAN ERIC WEIL BAGI RESOLUSI KONFLIK MASYARAKAT MAJEMUK
Authors: Taufiq Thiyas Tono
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini berupaya menguraikan kontribusi pemikiran filsafat perdamaian Eric Weil bagi resolusi konflik menuju terciptanya budaya damai dalam bingkai masyarakat majemuk. Di tengah berbagai persoalan kekerasan dan konflik yang berkepanjangan yang melanda dunia, filsafat perdamaian Eric Weil mencoba menjelaskan tautan antara filsafat dan perjuangan untuk menciptakan perdamaian dunia. Bagi Weil filsafat harus mengakar dalam kehidupan keseharian masyarakat secara luas, sehingga bisa memberikan kontribusi secara nyata dan konkrit. Selain itu, Weil mengajak untuk terjun langsung dalam masyarakat yang di dalamnya terdapat konflik dan kekerasan, sehingga diharapkan bisa menghargai pentingnya hidup damai secara bersama-sama tanpa membeda-bedakan satu dengan yang lainnya. Dalam kajian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan hermeneutik. Poin-poin penting dari uraian kontribusi filsafat perdamaian Eric Weil bagi resolusi konflik menuju terciptanya budaya damai dalam bingkai masyarakat majemuk dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut: Pertama, kontribusi nyata kontribusi filsafat untuk menjamin tetapnya perdamaian dan penyelesaian kekerasan dan konflik; Kedua, etika (moralty) secara universal harus ditaati oleh manusia dari berbagai konteks, karena melupakan konteks acap kali bisa tidak terwujudnya sebuah perdamaian; Ketiga, filsafat harus terbuka, kreatif dan dinamis; Keempat, Eric Weil mengajak untuk menggunakan filsafat di tengah kekerasan, sehingga dengan berfilsafat dapat membantu memecahkan persoalan-persoalan kekerasan dan konflik untuk mewujudkan perdamaian yang langgeng pada masyarakat mejemuk.
Preparedness of the Libraries to Address the Recent Pandemic A Case Study on 100 Top Academic Institutes of India
Authors: Jana Anupta , Rout Rosalien
Published: June 2021

In an academic set up the ‘library’ plays a pivotal role. It stores, analyses, interpret and disseminate information among the users to fulfil their information needs. It has been observed that recent technological advancement has revolutionised library services to a great extent. Now libraries are providing both physical as well as web-enabled library services to their users. In this context, library websites act as a major gateway in providing web-enabled library services. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the physical mode of library services. However, to support the ongoing teaching and learning process, libraries need to continue their services despite the lockdown. Therefore, the present study seeks to find out whether academic libraries are ready and adequately equipped to perform basic services during this critical juncture. The present study was directed towards exploring the readiness among the academic libraries by assessing their websites based on selected evaluation criteria. Hence, in this study top, 100 NIRF ranked institutes websites were examined by adopting 30-point evaluation criteria. These criteria were selected from the extant literature. These criteria were grouped into 04 categories i.e., basic website information, resource discovery, availability of resources and reference services. The readiness index of each library was calculated based on the availability and non-availability of the said criteria. The findings of the study reveal that 64 per cent of the libraries have failed to secure their score of 50 per cent on predefined criteria. It was also found that the preparedness index is independent of NIRF ranking. Overall findings of the study make it clear that academic libraries need to improve and up to date their web-based services to play a proactive role in the present and post-pandemic situation.
Representability of Chow groups of codimension three cycles
Authors: Banerjee Kalyan
Published: June 2021

Assume that we have a fibration of smooth projective varieties X → S over a surface S such that X is of dimension four and that the geometric generic fiber has finite-dimensional motive and the first étale cohomology of the geometric generic fiber with respect to ℚ
l
coefficients is zero and the second étale cohomology is spanned by divisors. We prove that then A
3(X), the group of codimension three algebraically trivial cycles modulo rational equivalence, is dominated by finitely many copies of A
0(S); this means that there exist finitely many correspondences Γi
on S × X such that Σ
i Γi
is surjective from A
2(S) to A
3(X).
Why Do We Run Basic Income Experiments? From Empirical Evidence to Collective Debate
Authors: Laín Bru , Merrill Roberto
Published: June 2021

There are two major possible responses to the question: what (if anything) can justify a basic income experiment? An experiment might be justified either because it gathers positive empirical evidence supporting rolling out a basic income, or because it justifies the moral desirability of such a measure. This paper critically explores both responses, the “empirical” and “ethical claim” in light of the Barcelona B-MINCOME pilot, alongside other similar experiments. We sustained that although the empirical claim is necessary, there seems to be sufficient data to easily predict that all future experiments are to gather positive results too. Consequently, we argue that experiments are particularly well-equipped to foster debates on the work ethics and on the ethical dimension of social policies and welfare regimes in general.
Basic Income Pilots: Uses, Limitations and Design Principles
Authors: Standing Guy
Published: June 2021

The position underlying this article is that while pilots are not strictly required to justify moving in the direction of a basic income system, nevertheless they can play several useful functions in the debate. These include rebutting common preconceptions, for instance that basic income will make people ‘lazy’, indicating non-monetary benefits such as improved health and wellbeing, and testing how a basic income might best be introduced in a given region, country or city. In that context the article goes on to present 19 guiding principles for the design, implementation and evaluation of basic income pilots, with examples of selected experiments and pilots past and present.
Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol exert genotoxic effect in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Bini Markose , Rajesh Bhargavan , Babu Thekkekara Devassy
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethylene glycol (EG) are the two commonly used fruit ripening agents. The toxic effects of these chemicals on internal organs were reported in experimental animals. Even though the adverse effects of these compounds have been investigated for many years, there are no sufficient data available with regard to genotoxic effects. The present study evaluates the genotoxic effect of chronic exposures of CaC2 and EG in Wistar albino rats.

Methods

CaC2 and EG were administered to the rats orally for 180 days. Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation were analysed in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Comet assay was performed to analyse the DNA strand break. The toxic effects of the chemicals were analysed by MTT assay with normal human intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells.

Results

Upon chronic exposure, CaC2 and EG caused chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation and  DNA strand breaks extensively in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. In MTT assay, the chemicals were found to be toxic to IEC-6 cells with IC50 values at 160 and 200 μg/mL for CaC2 and EG, respectively.

Conclusions

The results show that these chemicals have a potential to cause genomic level of toxicity which may lead to carcinogenic event at a chronic level exposure. The study warns to reinforce the administrative measures against the use of CaC2 and EG for fruit ripening process.
Safety evaluation of an antimalarial herbal product from Andrographis paniculata (AS201-01) in healthy volunteers
Authors: Widyawaruyanti Aty , Jonosewojo Arijanto , Ilmi Hilkatul , Tumewu Lidya , Imandiri Ario , Widiastuti Endang , Dachliyati Lilis , Budiman Muhammad F , Setyawan Dwi , Hafid Achmad F , Tantular Indah S
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Andrographis paniculata tablets (AS201-01) have previously been shown to have potent bioactivity as an antimalarial and to produce no unwanted side effects in animal models. Here, we present the phase 1 clinical trial conducted to evaluate the safety of AS201-01 tablets in healthy volunteers.

Methods

The study was a randomized, double-blind controlled cross-over, a placebo-controlled design consisting of a 4-day treatment of AS201-01 tablets. A total of 30 healthy human volunteers (16 males and 14 females) were divided into two groups, and each group was given 4 tablets, twice daily for 4 days. Group 1 received AS201-01, while group 2 received placebo tablets. Volunteers were given a physical examination before the treatment. The effects of AS201-01 on random blood glucose, biochemical, and hematological as well as urine profiles were investigated.

Results

There were no changes in observed parameters as a result of AS201-01 being administered. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the test and control group regarding hematology profile, biochemical profile, and random blood glucose. Increased appetite and better sleep, which categorized as grade 1 adverse event was reported after treatment with AS201-01 tablet

Conclusions

The outcome supports our previous observation that the AS201-01 tablet, given twice a day for 4 days, is safe and nontoxic.
Anxiety, depression, and glycemic control during Covid-19 pandemic in youths with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cusinato Maria , Martino Mariangela , Sartori Alex , Gabrielli Claudia , Tassara Laura , Debertolis Giulia , Righetto Elena , Moretti Carlo
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Our study aims to assess the impact of lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on glycemic control and psychological well-being in youths with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We compared glycemic metrics during lockdown with the same period of 2019. The psychological impact was evaluated with the Test of Anxiety and Depression.

Results

We analyzed metrics of 117 adolescents (87% on Multiple Daily Injections and 100% were flash glucose monitoring/continuous glucose monitoring users). During the lockdown, we observed an increase of the percentage of time in range (TIR) (p<0.001), with a significant reduction of time in moderate (p=0.002), and severe hypoglycemia (p=0.001), as well as the percentage of time in hyperglycemia (p<0.001). Glucose variability did not differ (p=0.863). The glucose management indicator was lower (p=0.001). 7% of youths reached the threshold-score (≥115) for anxiety and 16% for depression. A higher score was associated with lower TIR [p=0.028, p=0.012].

Conclusions

Glycemic control improved during the first lockdown period with respect to the previous year. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with worse glycemic control; future researches are necessary to establish if this improvement is transient and if psychological difficulties will increase during the prolonged pandemic situation.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting severity in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Zheng , Hu Qinming , Feng Zhipeng , Sun Yi
Published: June 2021

Background

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus infection. Patients with severe HFRS may develop multiple organ failure or even death, which makes HFRS a serious public health problem.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included a total of 155 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with HFRS, of whom 109 patients served as a training cohort and 46 patients as an independent verification cohort. In the training set, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen the characteristic variables of the risk model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct a nomogram containing the characteristic variables selected in the LASSO regression model.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram indicated that the model had good discrimination. The calibration curve exhibited that the nomogram was in good agreement between the prediction and the actual observation. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve suggested that the predictive nomogram had clinical utility.

Conclusion

In this study, we established a simple and feasible model to predict severity in patients with HFRS, with which HFRS would be better identified and patients can be treated early.
Is carnosine effective to alleviate lung injury: a systematic review
Authors: Yalaza Metin , Akin Irem , Altiner Seda , Aribal Ayral Pelin , Yazihan Nuray
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Lung injury is one of the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality, especially in older people. There are several reasons causing acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) such as pneumonia, sepsis, viruses, oxidants, and trauma. Evidence has shown that carnosine has many properties, such as suppressing hydroxyl, superoxide, and peroxyl radicals, inhibiting peroxidation, membrane protection and wound healing. We aimed to analyze the effects of carnosine on lung injury in this systematic review.

Content

A systematic research was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for following keywords; “carnosine” AND “lungd” until October 31st, 2020. Bias analysis was done with RevMan 5.3 software.

We screened totally 51 publications and only nine articles were used for the final analysis. Eight animal studies and one in vitro study were included in this study. All studies indicated that carnosine has beneficial effects on improving lung injury.

Outlook

The study demonstrates that carnosine may be a promising new therapeutic agent and help to improve lung injury by reducing oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. Further investigations are needed to elucidate which mechanism is more effective to cure lung damage, especially in humans.
Curvilinear flow of micropolar fluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model due to oscillation of curved stretchable sheet
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Abbas Zaheer
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to investigate the transfer of heat phenomenon in a hydromagnetic time dependent flow of micropolar fluid across an oscillating stretchable curved surface by using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model, which considers thermal relaxation time. An elastic curved surface that stretches back and forth causes the flow situation. The flow equations are derived as nonlinear partial differential equations by incorporating a curvilinear coordinates system, which is then solved analytically via the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The accuracy of the derived analytical results is also examined by using a finite-difference technique known as the Keller box method, and it is found to be in strong agreement. The influences of various physical characteristics such as material parameter, magnetic parameter, thermal relaxation parameter, a dimensionless radius of curvature, Prandtl number and ratio of surface’s oscillating frequency to its stretching rate parameter on angular velocity, fluid velocity, pressure, temperature, heat transmission rate, and skin friction and couple stress coefficient are depicted in detail with the help of graphs and tables. Furthermore, for the verification and validation of the current results, a tabular comparison of the published data in the literature for the case of flat oscillating surface versus curved oscillating surface is carried out and found to be in good agreement.
III. Die Frankfurter Reformation König Friedrichs III. vom 14. August 1442: Ein bedeutsames Gesetz der Reichsreformzeit
Authors: Diestelkamp Bernhard
Published: June 2021

The Reformation of king Frederic III.: An important law in the period of the Reichsreform. The reformatio Friderici was widely regarded as meagre in content (1) since it did not cover important reform issues of the time and in many parts only repeats older texts. Heinrich Koller proved this to be a misjudgement. His assessment must be strengthened or also corrected by legal historical arguments. Thus, the enormous density of tradition (2) cannot be explained by Friedrich’s intention to publish the law in general, but mirrors the necessity to be able to present the text in legal proceedings. The term reformatio (3) does not mean a reform law, but characterises a new form of legislation which wants to achieve reforms by taking recourse to older texts. The importance of the reformation for practice (4) proves not least in the fact that the king continuously refers to his text in trials for breach of the peace and in his dealing with the vehm, in which the position of the highest judge is ascribed to him.
Klöster und Leges – Zur Diskussion um die süddeutschen Stammesrechte. Eine Replik
Authors: Schott Clausdieter
Published: June 2021

Monasteries and Leges – On the Discussion regarding the Southern German tribal laws. A replica. The author takes up his thesis published in 2006, according to which the two Southern German tribal laws of the 8th century, the Lex Alamannorum and the Lex Baiuvariorum, are most likely forgeries of monastic scriptoria. The falsification hypothesis has met with both approval and scepticism and rejection. The following article deals with the latter. The critical voices focus mainly on the tenor that such a falsification is possible but not sufficiently proven. The replica shows that the objections are too weak overall to shake the suspicion of a forgery in view of the density of evidence.
Sondergerichte in den besetzten polnischen Gebieten im Jahr 1939. Eine rechtsgeschichtliche Analyse
Authors: Graczyk Konrad
Published: June 2021

Special Courts in the Occupied Polish Territories in 1939. A Legal History Analysis. The study is devoted to the first period of activity of German special courts established in Poland in 1939. The basic scope presents the special courts of the Third Reich established on the basis of the regulation of 1933. They were a model for courts established in occupied Poland. Their creation is analyzed on the example of the Special Court in Katowitz (Sondergericht Kattowitz). Then, the activities of special courts in occupied Poland in 1939 are discussed with particular emphasis on case and penalty statistics. Attention is paid to some characteristic phenomena, such as problems with jurisdiction, differences resulting from the establishment of special courts as part of the military administration, and judgment of acts committed before the war and under Polish jurisdiction. The identified cases of violations of law in the activities of special courts in 1939 are also discussed.
Firma üst yönetimlerinde cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin bölgesel ve sektörel boyutları: Bir sınıflandırma ağacı ve rassal orman analizi
Authors: Celbiş Mehmet Güney
Published: June 2021

İş gücü piyasasında cinsiyet eşitsizliği olgusu ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile ilişkisi Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de dikkat çeken bir konudur. Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğinin özel bir yansıması üst yönetici pozisyonlarında görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de üst yönetici pozisyonları bağlamında cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin altında yatan etkenler irdelenmiş ve eşitsiz dağılıma yol açan durumların tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Ağaç-temelli makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerinden hareketle Türkiye’de firma üst yönetimlerinde cinsiyet eşitsizliği ile ilişkili kurumsal, sektörel ve bölgesel özellikler belirlenmiştir.  Birçok başka sonucun yanı sıra, yolsuzluk, suç, arazi ve ruhsat sorunlarının yaşandığı firmalarda ve Kuzeydoğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgelerinde bulunan şirketlerde üst düzey yöneticilerin erkek olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte perakende, yiyecek-konaklama, tekstil, giysi ve imalat sektörlerinde ancak bazı bölgesel ve kurumsal şartlar altında kadın yöneticiler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Söz konusu bulgular üst yönetici pozisyonlarda kadın-erkek dengesizliğinin en etkili olduğu sektör ve bölgeleri belirlemenin yanı sıra bu eşitsizliklere yol açan kurumsal faktörleri de gözlemlemektedir. Elde edilen bulgular spesifik belirleyicilerin analizi konusunda yeni araştırma kulvarları açmanın yanı sıra soruna yönelik yeni politikalar geliştirmede de etkili olma potansiyeline sahiptirler. Çalışmada sunulan modellerde Girişim Anketi-2019 verilerinden alınan 162 firma ve 254 değişkenin tümü algoritmik modeller ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulguların içeriksel önemine ek olarak bu çalışmada araştırma konusunun irdelenmesi yönünde ağaç bazlı makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımları yeni yöntemsel olanaklar olarak sunulmuştur.
Koronavirüs (COVID-19) salgını süresince zorunlu uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının birleştirilmiş teknoloji kabul modeli ile araştırılması
Authors: Kahya Vasfi
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, 2020 yılında COVID-19’un neden olduğu küresel salgın sebebiyle eğitim kurumlarının zorunlu olarak geçtikleri uzaktan eğitim süreçlerinin öğrenciler tarafından kabulüne (acceptance) yönelik tutumları araştırmaktadır. Bu araştırma ile COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde zorunlu olarak geçilen uzaktan eğitim sisteminin öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığını ve sistemin kabulüne sebep olan değişkenlerin Teknoloji Kabul Modeli ve Bilgi Sistemleri Başarı Modeli değişkenleri ile ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. 2019-2020 bahar dönemi uzaktan ders alan Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi ve Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi lisans ve ön lisans 377 öğrenciye anket uygulanmış, demografik soruların oluşturduğu bir bölüm ve değişkenlerin etkisini ölçmek amacıyla 5’li Likert tipi sorular yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre uzaktan eğitime erişmek için sahip olunması gereken teknolojik altyapı araçlarının sahiplik oranına bakıldığında öğrencilerin %50’sinin sahip olduğu, %50’sinin sahip olmadığı yönünde sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca uzaktan eğitim platformunun kullanımını etkileyen bilgi kalitesi, sistem kalitesi ve algılanan fayda, kullanıcı memnuniyetini etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.  Kullanıcı memnuniyeti değişkeni ise kullanımı etkilemekte ve %39 seviyesinde açıklamaktadır.  Bu çalışma ile yüz yüze eğitime alternatif olarak kullanılan uzaktan eğitim platformunun öğrenci yönünde iyileştirilmesi, gerekli altyapı araçlarına sahip olunmasının sürecin daha başarılı yönetilmesi ve faydalı olması adına önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Crew Resource Management (CRM) attitudes: A comparison between cabin crews’ attitudes before COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 process
Authors: Karaarslan Elvan , Erkmen Turhan
Published: June 2021

In this study, the effect of COVID-19 on the aviation industry is discussed in terms of its effect on the attitudes of employees on Crew Resource Management (CRM). In addition, this study investigates whether there was a significant difference in CRM attitudes of cabin crew before COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 process. The findings of the study are essential for a safe flight operation. The COVID-19 process is the period that started with the World Health Organization’s global epidemic declaration in March 2020. In this study, with the participation of 250 cabin crew members working in a corporate airline company, the data obtained showed no significant difference between the CRM attitudes of cabin crews before COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 process.
The impact of organisational culture on occupational stress: Comparison of the SME IT sectors in India and the UK
Authors: Nair Sree Lekhsmi Sreekumaran , Aston John , Kozlovski Eugene
Published: June 2021

The study's main aim is to examine the impact of organisational culture on occupational stress by comparing the IT sectors in India and the UK. The paper adopts the application of Denison’s model for studying the organisational culture, whereas role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload and role stress are considered to discuss occupational stress. Through snowball, convenience, purposive and quota sampling techniques, 62 respondents (31 from India and 31 from the UK) were targeted to attain a qualitative perspective through a semi-structured questionnaire.  Results showed that there is an impact of organisational culture on occupational stress. Moreover, the impact is mainly evident in the Indian IT sector than the UK IT sector. Moreover, considering the impact of organisational culture on occupational stress, overall employees experience occupational stress, role overload, role conflict, role ambiguity and role stress. In contrasting economies, Indian IT sector employee’s experience role conflict, role overload, role ambiguity and role stress, whereas UK IT sector employees’ experience role ambiguity.
Socio-demographic determinants of happiness in Turkey
Authors: Giray Yakut Selay , Bacaksız N. Ece , Camkıran Ceren
Published: June 2021

This study examines the relationship between the perception of happiness and socio-demographic characteristics in Turkey using the Life Satisfaction Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2017. For this purpose, nonlinear canonical correlation analysis was performed on a dataset of 4261 employees. Socio-demographic characteristics evaluated the variable set consisting of both the individual's direct perception happiness and the conceptual/personal sources of happiness. Consistent with the literature, it was seen that socio-demographic variables impacted the levels of happiness in Turkey. The main findings show that marital status has the highest effect on perceived happiness, and married people are happier than the unmarried ones. Age has a negative, educational background has a positive effect. For employment status, it is notable that per diem employees are unhappy. Besides, a detailed perspective to researchers working towards increasing perceived happiness by evaluating the identified sub-groups of working individuals living in Turkey is provided.
T3 as predictor of mortality in any cause non-critically ill patients
Authors: Biegelmeyer Erika , Scanagata Iury , Alves Laura , Reveilleau Murilo , Schwengber Fernando Pereira , Wajner Simone Magagnin
Published: June 2021

Background

Low T3 syndrome refers to a set of thyroid hormone metabolism alterations present in the disease state. A correlation between low T3 and poor clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit is more established. Nonetheless, studies on non-critically ill patients are few and controversial.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and predictive value of low T3 levels on 30-day and 6-month mortality in non-critically ill patients. Secondary outcomes evaluated the length of hospital stay, overall mortality, and hospital readmission.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

A total of 345 consecutive patients from the Internal Medicine ward of a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil were included and followed from October 2018 to April 2019 (6 months). Levels of total serum T3 were measured weekly, from admission to discharge, and correlated with 30-day and 6-month mortality.

Results

Prevalence of low T3 was 36.6%. Low T3 levels were associated with higher 30-day hospital mortality (15.1% vs 4.1%, P < 0.001) and higher 6-month overall mortality (31.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Total serum T3 at admission was an independent predictor of 30-day hospital mortality.

Conclusion

Low T3 levels are a prevalent condition among non-critically ill patients, and this condition is associated with poor clinical outcomes in this population. Total serum T3 levels, alone or in association with other predictive scores, were demonstrated to be an easy and valuable tool for risk stratification and should be further employed in this setting.
Dose distribution in a radiosurgery treatment for an acoustic neuroma
Authors: Cardoso Marco Antonio Costa , Alves Victor Gabriel Leandro , Cardoso Simone Coutinho
Published: June 2021

Evaluation of the dose distribution delivered in a radiosurgery treatment of an acoustic neuroma using an adapted Alderson phantom and radiochromic film to assess absolute dose. A system was developed to perform the dose measurements, using the Alderson Rando phantom´s head carrying a modified slice, where a material reproducing the tumor was inserted. The phantom’s head with the modified slice was irradiated in a medical linear accelerator, using a procedure similar to that adopted in real cases, and radiochromic films were used to assess dose values. The suitability of the dose distribution delivered in the treatment was evaluated by comparing the Dose Volume Histograms, obtained from the Treatment Planning System (TPS) and by radiochromic film measurements. An agreement around 3% between experimental data and TPS´s calculations, showing an acceptable concordance with the planning results. The established approach of transforming 2D arrays of dose in a 3D one is satisfactory, validating it. The developed method shows to be an excellent alternative to quality control in radiosurgery using the radiochromic film to assess absolute dose.
Psychologically comfortable seasonal images for the project on the art in hospitals
Authors: BANDO Hiroshi , TANAKA Kei , NAGAHIRO Shinji
Published: June 2021

Historically speaking, hospitals had grown out of hostels, where pilgrims, old and sick people were treated. During the Middle Ages in Europe, the art was indispensable factor of the hospitals. Art in hospitals (hospital art) has been recently known and recognized as beneficial method. Authors performed the art in hospitals in the rehabilitation hospital, which was completed by using various colorful masking tape. The composition consisted of 4 artworks for four seasons on the wall of the corridor. Many patients are trained walking with always looking them every day. Art in hospitals may be called as art and health, and it has a power to make patients bring out positive attitude and energy. Its further development would be expected.
DYNAMIC OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVEL IN FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY
Authors: Muniroh Muniroh , Siddiqa Alyya , Partinah Raden
Published: June 2021

Background: Incidence of anemia in pregnant women was 37.1%, proportion was similar between urban vs rural areas (36.4% vs 37.8%). According to 2007 RISKESDAS, iron deficiency accounted for most common type of anemia in pregnancy. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy has a negative impact both on the mother and the fetus. Serum ferritin is a parameter for iron deficiency. Objective of this study was to overlook serum ferritin levels in trimester 1pregnancy.Methods: The design was retrospective cohort. Samples obtained from first trimester pregnant women who performed a pregnancy check up at Hasanah Graha Afiah Hospital Depok in the period of April 2016 - July 2017. Data were presented in percentages for categorical data. Numerical data presented in medians and ranges for abnormal data distribution; and mean and standard intersections for normal data distribution. This study involved 64 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Median serum ferritin levels in this study were still in the normal range of 40.82 (6.97 - 172.66) μg / L. Twenty one subjects (69.1%) had normal serum ferritin level (≥30 μg/L) and 47 (30.9%) had low ferritin level.Conclusions: Median serum ferritin in this study was within normal range. Low level of serum ferritin found in 21 subjects, three among them also suffered from anemia.
Intubation Competence During Neonatal Fellowship Training
Authors: Evans Peter , Shults Justine , Weinberg Danielle D. , Napolitano Natalie , Ades Anne , Johnston Lindsay , Levit Orly , Brei Brianna , Krick Jeanne , Sawyer Taylor , Glass Kristen , Wile Michelle , Hollenberg Janice , Rumpel Jennifer , Moussa Ahmed , Verreault Alexandra , Abou Mehrem Ayman , Howlett Alexandra , McKanna Julie , Nishisaki Akira , Foglia Elizabeth E.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES

To characterize neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows’ progression toward neonatal intubation procedural competence during fellowship training.

METHODS

Multi-center cohort study of neonatal intubation encounters performed by neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows between 2014 through 2018 at North American academic centers in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates. Cumulative sum analysis was used to characterize progression of individual fellows’ intubation competence, defined by an 80% overall success rate within 2 intubation attempts. We employed multivariable analysis to assess the independent impact of advancing quarter of fellowship training on intubation success.

RESULTS

There were 2297 intubation encounters performed by 92 fellows in 8 hospitals. Of these, 1766 (77%) were successful within 2 attempts. Of the 40 fellows assessed from the start of training, 18 (45%) achieved procedural competence, and 12 (30%) exceeded the deficiency threshold. Among fellows who achieved competence, the number of intubations to meet this threshold was variable, with an absolute range of 8 to 46 procedures. After adjusting for patient and practice characteristics, advancing quarter of training was independently associated with an increased odds of successful intubation (adjusted odds ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.14).

CONCLUSIONS

The number of neonatal intubations required to achieve procedural competence is variable, and overall intubation competence rates are modest. Although repetition leads to skill acquisition for many trainees, some learners may require adjunctive educational strategies. An individualized approach to assess trainees’ progression toward intubation competence is warranted.