bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Labour Pain by using non-pharmacological Measures
Authors: Rawat Varsha , Parashar Anil Kumar , Sharma Suresh K
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Pain during childbirth is a special experience of a woman that vary from one individual to another, that is caused by uterine contractions and cervical dilatation during labour. Nature and level of pain influence by various physiology, psychology and environmental factors. Thus, pain relief during childbirth is essential therefore, the delivery period will be uneventful.

Non-pharmacological pain relief measures: Controlling pain without harm to mother, non-pharmacological measures assure in reducing labour pain with less or even no harm to the mother and fetus. These measures include sensory stimulation measures eg. breathing technique, aromatherapy and music therapy that provides sensory input to the brain to promote relaxation, enhance positive thoughts and transmission of nociceptive stimuli of pain during labour and cutaneous stimulation measures include back massage, changing position, heat and cold application, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, hydrotherapy and acupressure that work as to stimulation of nerves by using skin manipulation in an attempt to reduce pain impulses to the brain.

Conclusion: The major aspects of midwifery care are supporting women during labour pain thus, they must understand the choices of the mother's for manage with labour pain. However, non-pharmacological measures are helpful for decelerating pain and discomfort during labour which is easy to given and cost-effective.

 Key Words: Breathing technique, aromatherapy and music therapy, back massage, changing position, application of heat and cold, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupressure and hydrotherapy.
influence of childhood storytelling
Authors: SANTANA CAMARGO MARIA APARECIDA , Scheffer Stela Maris
Published: November 2021

it is important to verify how much the professional storyteller's work results from an appropriation of oral tradition. In this perspective, the research problem was delimited: How can storytelling contribute to inserting the habit of reading in childhood? Therefore, the general objective of the research is to analyze the influence of storytelling on the incorporation of the reading habit in children.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INCLUSION EXPERIENCES
Authors: Reis Jadson Fernando Rodrigues , Sousa Francyhélia Benedita Mendes , Amorim Oliveira Ana Caroline , Carvalho Pryscilla Santos de , Luz Emanuely Ferreira dos Reis , Nakasu Cedric Tempel , Santos Sheila Cristina Bogéa dos , Garcêz Ribeiro Camilla , Santos Valdilene de Jesus Oliveira , Sousa Adriana Rodrigues De
Published: November 2021

A teaching proposal for deaf people will be outlined here, mediated through You Tube, that contemplates the topics covered in History classes, through the joint and collaborative construction of a digital library of Libras videos on this platform. Therefore, a brief contextualization is outlined on how the discipline has been organized in the Basic Education curriculum in face of the technological changes that take place at the turn of the 20th century with the advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) The methodology used is a qualitative approach in a descriptive and exploratory character, which will analyze some bibliographical productions on the subject and the discussion of two You Tube channels.The dialogues with Pinsky (2016), Bispo and Barros (2016), Castells (1999), Queiroga Junior (2018), Coelho and Bottentuit Junior (2019), Correa (2002) and Pereira (2017), open up possibilities for thinking about the teaching of History mediated by ICTs. Among the results obtained, there is the relevance of thinking about mediated educational projects by educational technologies that contribute to the achievement of autonomy of the deaf person, respecting their different ways of learning.
Visualization of Archimedian and Platonic polyhedra using a web environment in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Authors: Siqueira Paulo Henrique
Published: November 2021

This paper shows the development of a web environment for the construction of Archimedes and Plato polyhedra in Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). In this environment we used the geometric transformations of translation and rotation with the structure of hierarchies of HTML pages, without the use of the coordinates of each polyhedra vertex. The developed environment can be used in classroom to visualize the polyhedra in Augmented Reality, with the possibility of manipulations of the graphical representations by students in the environment created in Virtual Reality. Other studies that can be developed with the polyhedra modeled are areas, volumes and the relation of Euler. Another important content that can be developed is truncation, because seven Archimedes polyhedra are obtained by using truncation of Plato's polyhedrons. With this work, it becomes possible to develop didactic materials with a simple technology, free and with great contribution to improvement of the teaching of Geometry and other areas that use representation of 3D objects.
The Indiscriminate use of Ritalin by Universities in the Health Area at the University of Gurupi – UNIRG
Authors: Silva Heydy Rodrigues da , Barbosa Leissane Rodrigues , Rodrigues Vera Lúcia Cavalcante , Mafra Vanderson Ramos , Diogo Renata Ferreira , Paiva Maykon Jhuly Martins de , Marques Christiane Rodrigues de Paula , Magalhães Claudia Christina Ribeiro Guimarães Neri de , Souza Silvania Rosa de , Júnior Saulo José de Lima , Santana João Gabriel Fidel , Pinto Vanessa das Graças , Carvalho Manoel Henrique de , Júnior José Gomes da Silva
Published: November 2021

MPH methylphenidate, popularly known as Ritalin, was synthesized in 1954 in Switzerland and marketed in Brazil in 1998, belonging to the class of amphetamines. It acts in the CNS crossing the blood-brain barrier very easily. Used for cognitive improvement by college students. Its excessive consumption leads to dependence and possible side effects. The objective of this study was to analyze 91 university students who answered questionnaires on the theme. The collected data analyzed the incidence of Ritalin use among health academics at the University of Gurupi-UNIRG. After conducting the surveys, it was intended to understand the real reason that leads the student to the indiscriminate use of the drug and its possible consequences, to subsequently conduct guidance regarding the use without a prescription for academic purposes.
Risk Prediction of Delay in the Execution of Public Works Through Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Valente Andrey , Nascimento Manoel
Published: November 2021

In Manaus, delays in public constructions are not uncommon as their execution deadlines are often extrapolated, even though such deadlines are obtained through preliminary technical studies. The causes that give rise to such delays are varied ranging from the occurrence of rain to the addition of quantities of existing services or additions of new services. In this research, we sought to obtain a model, using fuzzy logic, to predict the risk of delay that some variables may cause in the period of execution of the work, allowing the public administration or the contracted company to adopt measures they consider essential to mitigate this delay. Initially, documentary and bibliographic research were carried out to identify the causes that most contribute to the occurrence of delays in the works. Once these causes were identified, the construction of the fuzzy inference system was started, with six of the most significant causes identified in the research being considered as linguistic variables, namely: the hiring factor, which corresponds to the quotient between the value of the proposal. of the company and the amount budgeted by the administration; the value of the work, which is the value of the contract for the work; the engineering execution drawing, which are the engineering drawings used in the works; the alteration of quantities, which are changes in the quantities of existing services or addition of new services; authorization from public agencies, which corresponds to the permission or support of any public agency or public company for the execution of the work; and the rain. For the simulation of the created fuzzy inference system, real data from four public works were entered, and the answers of this simulation were satisfactory because they are confirmed by the documentation of the respective works. It is concluded that the system proved to be useful, as it was possible to predict the risk of delay in the execution of public works in the city of Manaus, and it can be used by both the public administration and the contractor to mitigate the causes of delays in the execution of public works.
Potential Applications of Vitrified Slag as a Product of Plasma Arc Melting
Authors: Kmeťová Ľubomíra , Lázar Marián , Jasminská Natália , Dobáková Romana
Published: November 2021

The present article presents the potential of vitrified slag, one of the products of plasma arc melting, for further industrial applications based on previous experiments. The existing publications on the investigation into this field is hence supplemented with our series of experiments conducted using vitrified slag from plasma arc gasification and melting of fly ash from municipal waste, as well as a mixture consisting of fly ash produced by fluidised-bed boilers in a heat power plant and recovered asbestos cement roofing sheets. It should be noted that the process of plasma arc gasification and melting facilitates not only a significant reduction of the quantity of processed hazardous wastes, but also a possibility of transforming such wastes into an inert product, which may be used as an input raw material in certain industrial processes.
Banking Financial Performance Before and During the Covid 19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Riyadhi
Published: November 2021

Banking is one of the financial institutions that is very influential on the economic conditions of a country. The level of banking liquidity is a reflection of the condition of the national economy. This study examines the differences in the financial performance of conventional banking and Islamic financial performance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The variables used to measure banking financial performance are risk profile, earnings, and capital.The data used are financial reports published by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). The analysis used is the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results of the analysis found that there was no difference in the financial performance of Islamic banking on risk profile, earning, and capital indicators before and during the COVID-19 pandemic; there is no difference in the conventional financial performance of earning indicators before and during the Covid 19 pandemic; and there is no difference in the financial performance of conventional banking earning indicators during covid 19 and Islamic banking financial performance indicators of earning before covid 19. This analysis shows that the performance of Islamic finance is still able to deal with the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic in Indonesia.
Puzzle Based Learning in Undergraduate Studies
Authors: Malherbe Kathryn
Published: November 2021

All undergraduate Radiography students require training in image interpretation and evaluation of x-ray images in their second year of studies as part of work integrated learning.
The method of teaching pedagogy influences the student's learning process and recall ability during examinations. if the teaching process moves to a student-centred approach, students become responsible for their own learning allowing active engagement and construction of their knowledge systems.
Aim/ Objectives
The aim of the study is to implement and evaluate the use of puzzle-based learning in the teaching and learning process of undergraduate studies
Objectives
To determine the efficacy of crossword and jigsaw puzzles as a novel teaching tool for medical imaging education
To increase student's interest and involvement with image interpretation topics
To improve and assess recognition and recall of medical terminology
To improve the understanding of innovative learning
Methods
The study is a cross sectional qualitative research design.
Approval will be obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of health Sciences.
Online consent will be obtained from students involved, by means of Google Form submission, followed by an information session on Blackboard collaborate on the topic "Image evaluation and interpretation of radiographic imaging".
Conclusion
The research will prove the important collaboration of active teaching methodologies with simple, easy to use didactic material to improve student's understanding of basic concepts in their core module subject
Silicon In the Growth of Rice Seedlings Pretreated with Dietholate and Subjected to Cold Stress
Authors: Cezar Cassol Jéssica , Lopes Sidinei José , Peripolli Mariane , Rubert Jaíne , Preto Mena Barreto Eduarda , Pivetta Maicon , Da Rosa Souza Emanuelli , Bidel Dornelles Sylvio Henrique
Published: November 2021

Silicon (Si) is an enzyme stimulator that can promote signaling for the production of antioxidant compounds, important in cellular detoxification of excess ROS accumulated during stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Si on post-germination rice seeds in the mitigation of cold stress combined with stress induced by seed treatment with the dietholate protector. The experimental design was fully randomized with three replicates and a 3x2x2x4x2 factorial arrangement: three temperatures (5, 10 and 20 °C), two cultivars (IRGA 424 RI and Guri INTA CL), two seed pretreatments (with and without dietholate), four rates of Si (0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16 mg.L-1) and two sources of Si (sodium and potassium metasilicate). Seed pretreatment with dietholate reduced shoot and radicle length, especially at the lower temperatures of 5 and 10 °C. Sodium metasilicate as the source of Si was more efficient in boosting shoot and radicle length, both with and without pretreatment, regardless of temperature. Si was found to attenuate low-temperature stress and the impairment of shoot and radicle growth in rice seedlings grown from seeds pretreated with dietholate.
Development of Biomedical Dynamometer for Measurement of Grip Strength in Mice Modeled with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Horbach Eduardo , Da Silva Josivaldo Godoy , Almeida Daniela Araújo de , Silva Iandara Schettert
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to develop a biomedical dynamometer capable of measuring the grip strength of the forepaws of laboratory mices to verify the posterior phase, the effect of modeled cerebral palsy in the animal. The equipment was developed using a stainless steel blade, two double strain gages, a signal conditioning circuit that was connected to a software for acquisition, processing and plotting of graphs and tables in Excel. The metal blade has a length of 18.5 cm, a width of 1.5 cm and a thickness of 2 mm and a double strain gage model pa-09-125ha-350-l8 from Excel Sensors (Brazil), was glued to each face. The two double strain gages were connected in a Wheatstone bridge, which produces an analog response due to mechanical deformation of the blade, with force applied by the mice. This response was submitted to a signal conditioning circuit developed with Arduino that modulated the input wave, generated 10000 times amplification and performed filtering 4th order using Butterworth filter. Finally, a software developed in Labview 2019 of National Instruments (USA) was used for acquisition, processing and plotting of graphs and tables in Excel of the measurements performed. In the next step, the dynamometer was calibrated for sequential loading of masses of 0, 15.48 g, 31.53 g, 46.88 g to 62.47 g and also for sequential unloading of the same masses. For this, the masses were hung on a nylon string that was attached to the free end of the metal sheet. The final test was to measure the response time of the dynamometer with a stopwatch, when hanging a mass of 62.47 g on the nylon thread that was cut abruptly with scissors. Some of the main results of the calibration were as follows: 15.48 g generated 3.70 V, 31.53 g generated 7.48 V and 62.47 g gene rated 14.80 V and the response time was 0.3 s. These answers show that the dynamometer can be used to measure the grip strength of mice and can be modified for use in humans.
Direct proof through an equilateral hyperbola to find the infinite Pythagorean triples and a direct proof to find the sum of all odd numbers through a telescopic series
Authors: Saraiva Odirley Willians Miranda , Reis Cássio Pinho dos , Beirão Antônio Thiago Madeira , Silva Katiane Pereira , Rocha Herson Oliveira da , Lobato Fabrício da Silva , Soares Daniele Cristina de Brito , Gonçalves Adonai do Socorro da Cruz , Cruz Galiza Angélica Bittencourt da , Gasparim Inocêncio Renato
Published: November 2021

In this article a prove new properties like a connection with Pythagorean triples and a hiperbolic equation. I prove a direct proof about a serie, a telescopic series about the even sum and odd sum. I had an article that use this properties but this results is mine. I discovered this theorem and prove in this article.
Optimization Of the Manufacturing Process for School Portfolios Through the Implementation of The Cellular Layout
Authors: Dos Reis Gilmara , Cunha Edinaldo José de S
Published: November 2021

One of the most common problems encountered in the manufacturing process is improper layout. About 30% of production time is wasted on transporting materials and products. The causes of this waste are problems in the disposition of stock and machines in production, that is, in the factory layout production of school desks became more efficient with the use of the cell layout. The result found was that with the implementation of the cell layout, there was an increase in the number of wallets produced and a reduction in the waste of materials. It is concluded that the. In this context, the production line based on the cellular layout has been an excellent ally, since the cells of this layout can improve the use of available space, without increasing costs due to major renovations or constructions. To prove such improvements, through the implementation of the cell layout, the PSL method (Systematic Layout Planning) was used, which follows steps such as data collection, analysis of necessary and available space, and factory limitations. With these stages of knowledge and analysis of the factory, it becomes possible to discard layouts that do not fit the characteristics of the company, whether related to financial resources, available space, and factory culture. Using the Chi-Square test for statistical analysis, it was possible to verify that the cell layout is an efficient optimization tool in the school desks production process, as it brought numerous benefits to the factory under studies, such as increased productivity, greater organization, and flexibility in the processes.
COMPOSTING MODEL WITH THE REUSE OF ORGANIC WASTE IN RURAL SCHOOLS
Authors: Bezerra de Alencar Simões Natália Cristina , Alencar David Barbosa de , De Souza Bezerra Alberto , Reis Nascimento Manoel Henrique , Bezerra de Alencar Ferro Any Karoline , Lira Pinto Júnior José Roberto
Published: November 2021

School institutions become producers of organic waste as a result of the daily consumption of school meals offered to students during the school year. An alternative, so that this material is not incorrectly released into the environment, is the implementation of a composting model that will reuse organic waste, generating humus, which will serve as fertilizer for the implementation of a vegetable garden in the school in the rural area. This work aims to propose a composter model in a School in the Rural Area of Manaus for the reuse of organic waste, to develop a prototype of composter for the production of humic substances and mineral nutrients for the creation of gardens, to prepare the manual with guidelines for the correct and sustainable management of the composting plant and the school garden and implementing the garden system through the composting process using school organic waste. The work is a case study that proposes to implement a prototype of compost for the production of humic substances and mineral nutrients for the construction of a school garden. It is intended that the proposal raises the awareness of the school community for the correct management and reuse of solid waste generated by the school and arouse in students and teachers the interest in environmental education and behavior change for the preservation of the environment in which they live.
Epidemiological profile of children infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Ferreira Phamela Ingrid de Jesus , Lima Bianca Maia de , Carvalho Izabel Silva , Sant' Anna Carla de Castro , Almeida Marcella Kelly Costa de , Lago Josilene Nascimento do
Published: November 2021

Newborns exposed to the virus need to have clinical follow-up from birth, maintaining control and permanent health care in specialized multiprofessional services that meet the specific demands of their serological condition. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of children with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome attended at a Reference Center in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study with qualitative and quantitative variables on the profile of infected children from secondary data, in the period from 2014 to 2019 in the State of Pará. 1,270 children exposed to the virus by vertical transmission, between 0 and 12 years of age, were identified, 06 (0.47%) of which tested positive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and 60 (4.72%) children who developed the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, with an average time of 3.5.7 years for disease progression and 8 years for death. In view of the results obtained, it is clear that there is a need to expand health programs in primary care, aiming at health promotion and prevention, as qualified care generates improvements in the quality of life of patients, since most of the transmission is vertical. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further studies in the area, aiming to improve the fight against the disease and reach in more detail the epidemiological profile of HIV/AIDS in children in the State of Pará.
Reading habit during the successful aging process
Authors: Rodrigues Antunes Deise Claudiane , Fagundes Caroline , Kampff Cesar Augusto , Halinski Cardoso Elizangela , Medina Silveira Marcele , Dillenburg Scur Martina , Barbosa Rosane , Santos Geraldine Alves dos
Published: November 2021

The increase in the elderly population brings a reflection on successful aging. Thus, beneficial aspects during this phase are analyzed. This study aimed to analyze the forms of influence of the reading habit for the promotion of successful aging, relating the readings performed with the periods of the development process throughout life. The study presents a qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. This study sample was composed of seven women who participated in this research, aged 60 years, or over, intentionally selected through the snowball technique. The criterion for inclusion in the study was to have the habit of reading throughout the life cycle. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview script. The analysis was performed using the Bardin content analysis method. From the results, it was possible to identify the habit of reading as a great ally, working as a tool for coping with difficulties. In aging, reading occurs naturally, showing its importance throughout life. Among the interviewees, it was possible to identify, despite their unique stories, that parents have a strong influence on an individual reader's formation. It comes to solidify when the school reinforces it in adolescence. The experience of aging is unique, that is, subjective, and reading can serve all people in different ways. Consequently, this habit enables learning to overcome difficulties in each phase, providing a conscious and autonomous experience of aging, retirement, and body changes, looking for ways to live healthier, taking advantage of their individual potential.
Plagues and their Function in Sources of Late Antique-Visigothic Hispania and Gregory of Tours
Authors: Ferreiro Alberto
Published: November 2021

This study identifies where plagues are mentioned in the works of major chroniclers of Late Antique/Visigothic Hispania; they are Hydatius, John of Biclar, Isidore of Seville, the anonymous Vitas Sanctorum Patrum Emeretensium, and select Visigothic councils of Toledo. Gregory of Tours’ De virtutibus sancti Martini (1.11) is the representative text of an event in Gallaecia. Two other texts in the Libri historiarum decem involve Hispania and Visigothic Narbonne. In addition a few select sermons of Caesarius of Arles have some relevance. The biblical background is explored as it relates to plagues since it shaped more than any other cultural source the Weltanschauung of our writers. The topic is timely in view of the current situation that the world is in with Covid19; even though it is hardly the first time we have been here and for sure will not be the last as the historical record shows.
De mortibus boum – ekloga o ocaleniu w czasie zarazy. Przybliżenia literackie i teologiczne z dodaniem przekładu
Authors: Gacia Tadeusz
Published: November 2021

Artykuł przedstawia utwór De mortibus boum, napisany najprawdopodobniej przez Endelechiusza na początku V wieku. Nawiązuje on do klasycznej tradycji bukolicznej, a jednocześnie zrywa z konwencją tego gatunku literackiego, realistycznie oddając śmiertelną zarazę bydła, ma jednak charakter alegoryczny. Jest on pochwałą i propagowaniem chrześcijaństwa, które przenikało wtedy na wieś. Krzyż znaczony na czołach zwierząt przez chrześcijańskiego pasterza symbolizuje zwycięstwo nowej religii nad pogaństwem i nadzieję ludzkości, której obrazem jest trzoda. Autor artykułu przedstawia i systematyzuje przemyślenia kilku filologów zajmujących się szczegółowo tym utworem. Integralną częścią opracowania jest tłumaczenie De mortibus boum na język polski.
“There was a great mortality in Rome, more serious than is recalled in the time of any other pontiff”. Plagues and diseases in the "Liber Pontificalis"
Authors: Ludewicz Michal Jan
Published: November 2021

The aim of this article was to describe how were plagues and illnesses perceived by the authors of the Liber Pontificalis. In the first part circumstances in which the first draft of the Liber Pontificalis was composed were analysed. Attention was given particularly to disadvantages that affected the population of Italy in the 6th century. The second part was devoted to plagues recorded in the Liber Pontificalis. When dealing with the plague the authors of the Liber Pontificalis used several terms like: pestilentia, clades, mors. Usually plagues were presented as caused by natural factors, but there was also a fragment attributing the eruption of the pestilence to divine disfavor. The third part was concerned with diseases that had affected individuals. The majority of cases where  diseases were mentioned in the Liber Pontificalis referred to the health of the popes. In the collection of papal biographies there were also descriptions of diseases that had affected other people: an emperor, bishop, soldier, clerk. Some of the illnesses appeared terminal but all of them affected the person`s life.
Śmierć jako nośnik znaczeń symbolicznych – w poszukiwaniu patrystycznych inspiracji Pseudo-Garniera z Langres
Authors: Bardski Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Pseudo-Garnier z Langres zawarł w swoim glosariuszu symboli biblijnych sześć alegorycznych znaczeń śmierci. Kojarzy się ona z umartwieniem, pychą, diabłem, nienawiścią do braci, grzechem oraz wieczną karą przeznaczoną dla grzeszników. Wszystkie interpretacje alegoryczne mają wydźwięk moralny i zdecydowana większość (z wyjątkiem umartwienia) ujmuje śmierć z negatywnej perspektywy. W toku badań udało się dotrzeć do wszystkich źródeł stanowiących bezpośrednie inspiracje dla Pseudo-Garniera z Langres, są to mianowicie: Moralia Grzegorza Wielkiego, Glossa Ordinaria oraz Komentarz do Psalmów Manegolda z Lautenbach, przypisywany Bedzie Czcigodnemu. Jednak pośrednio można dopatrzeć się inspiracji sięgających św. Augustyna. Autor glosariusza stara się pozostać wierny źródłom, z których korzysta. Ma świadomość, że jego praca stanowi posługę, mającą na celu uporządkowanie i sklasyfikowanie spuścizny interpretacji alegorycznej. Jego dzieło nie ma charakteru twórczego, lecz stara się  przedstawić te skojarzenia symboliczne, które stanowią główny nurt chrześcijańskiej alegorystyki biblijnej.
Choroby duszy i ciała człowieka według brytyjskich i irlandzkich ksiąg pokutnych
Authors: Witowski Wojciech Marek
Published: November 2021

W życie człowieka wpisana jest rzeczywistość choroby. Dotyka ona zarówno ciała ludzkiego w postaci różnych dolegliwości i niedomagań, jak również, przez grzech, dotyka w analogiczny sposób jego duszy. Ponieważ człowiek jest jednością, musi troszczyć się o aspekt cielesny oraz duchowy, nie pomijając żadnego elementu składającego się na jego człowieczeństwo. W niniejszym artykule autor odpowiada na pytanie, w jaki sposób w starożytności chrześcijańskiej w Kościele Iroszkockim rozumiano choroby duszy i ciała człowieka. Dla osiągnięcia tego celu dokonał analizy wybranych kanonów z irlandzkich i brytyjskich ksiąg pokutnych. Penitencjały dotyczą przede wszystkim życia religijnego ówczesnych ludzi, dlatego analiza pozwoliła wydobyć przede wszystkim informacje na temat duchowej choroby, czyli grzechu oraz lekarstw pozwalających na jego leczenie. Na ile pozwalał na to materiał źródłowy w analizie uwzględniono również fizyczny aspekt choroby. Zastosowana metoda pozwoliła nakreślić obraz choroby duszy i ciała człowieka w późnej starożytności w oparciu o irlandzkie i brytyjskie księgi pokutne.
Choroba w wybranych pismach Izydora z Sewilli
Authors: Krynicka Tatiana
Published: November 2021

Izydor z Sewilli pisze o chorobie w wielu utworach, różniących się tematyką i  charakterem. Postrzega ją jako bezwarunkowe zło. Bada jej fizyczne i duchowe przyczyny; doszukuje się naturalnych i ponadnaturalnych środków zaradczych. Uważa, że mamy prawo, a nawet obowiązek zwracać się po pomoc do medyków, których dorobek zna i szanuje, lecz przy tym powinniśmy pamiętać, że zdrowie – przede wszystkim ducha, jak również ciała – może nam zapewnić wyłącznie życie w jedności z Bogiem. Za najbardziej niebezpieczną chorobę uznaje niemoc duszy, czyli grzech; spośród schorzeń cielesnych wyróżnia jako najgroźniejsze morowe powietrze. Posługuje się związanymi z chorobą wyrażeniami metaforycznymi do opisania rzeczywistości grzechu; stosując alegoryczną metodę interpretacji Pisma, widzi w chorobach ukazanych na stronach Biblii symbole duchowego zła. Podkreśla, że chorym należy się troskliwa, pełna czułości opieka ze strony zdrowych. Dzięki lekturze listów Sewilczyka oraz relacji o jego śmierci wiemy, że on sam także doświadczał chorób, a znosił je tak, jak zalecał to czynić innym, to jest wytrwale, pokornie i cierpliwie dążąc do pełni życia, dla której zostaliśmy stworzeni i zbawieni.
Care for the Sick in Early Christianity: Lessons for the Current COVID-19 Stricken Church
Authors: Mutie Jeremiah
Published: November 2021

Debates on whether early Christians relied solely on exorcism and other miraculous healing under the assumption that all diseases are a result of demonic activity, continue. On the one end of this scholarly continuum are those who hold that early Christians only approached disease and healing as purely spiritual phenomena (hence, focusing on exorcism and other kinds of miraculous healing), while, on the other end, others have argued that early Christians accepted a naturalistic view of the causes for diseases and, consequently, sought naturalistic solutions to diseases. However, like in many other areas of life and thought in early Christianity, there is truth in both of these contentions. Rather than choose sides in this debate, this paper will argue that, just like in other areas, early Christians chose and modified existing approaches to sickness and death based on their understanding of the scriptural teachings on these subjects. As such, their approaches provide some key lessons to the current Covid-19 stricken Church.
Gog – eschatologiczny i realny wróg z Północy w literaturze patrystycznej i średniowiecznej
Authors: Kochanek Piotr
Published: November 2021

Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie rozumienia trzech pojęć: Gog (Ez 38-39), Magog (Rdz 10, 2) oraz Gog i Magog (Ap. 20, 7-10). Chodzi tutaj zarówno o ich aspekt eschatologiczny i historyczny, jak również o ich etymologię. Analizując pisma wielu autorów chrześcijańskich można stwierdzić, że Gog z Księgi Ezechiela był przedstawiany zwykle jako eschatologiczny wróg z Północy. Z kolei Magog syn Jafeta z Księgi Rodzaju był uważany za protoplastę Scytów. Natomiast Gog i Magog z Apokalipsy św. Jana to synonim szatana – eschatologicznego wroga wyznawców Chrystusa. Praktycznie tylko Ambroży z Mediolanu utożsamił Goga Ezechiela z konkretnych ludem, a mianowicie z Gotami, odwołując się do współczesnej mu sytuacji geopolitycznej cesarstwa po bitwie pod Adrianopolem. Jednak interpretację tę przejęło niewielu autorów łacińskich i greckich. Większość pisarzy kościelnych opowiedziała się po stronie Hieronima i Augustyna – krytyków historycznej interpretacji tekstu Ezechiela. Z kolei identyfikacja Magoga z Księgi Rodzaju ze Scytami, znana przynajmniej od czasów Józefa Flawiusza, spotkała się niemal z powszechną akceptacją. Różnica między autorami greckimi a łacińskimi polega tutaj na tym, że ci pierwsi powtarzali wiernie tę identyfikację, a tym samym przekazywali potomnym archaizujący obraz Północy. W konsekwencji Scytami nazywali oni nie tylko Gotów, czy Hunów, lecz także Awarów, Pieczyngów, Węgrów i Mongołów. Niektórzy pisarze łacińscy starali się ten obraz aktualizować. Generalnie jednak wszystkie ludy przybywające z północnego-wschodu nosiły piętno biblijnego wroga z Północy, ponieważ to właśnie Biblia była dla ówczesnych autorów kościelnych autorytetem również w zakresie geografii i etnografii.
Teoria pulsu w starożytności
Authors: Krajewska Judyta
Published: November 2021

Rytmiczny ruch naczyń, polegający na rozciąganiu i skurczu ich ścian, na skutek mechanicznego działania tłoczonej przez serce krwi dostarcza wiele istotnych informacji o pracy naszego serca, naszym samopoczuciu, emocjach. Już w starożytności doceniano jego znaczenie dla oceny mierzalnych parametrów życiowych. Nie wszystkie jednak imiona starożytnych medyków zajmujących się tą tematyką są znane i uwzględniane w narracji historii medycyny. Praxagoras, Herofilus, czy Eratistratos to imiona wielkich lekarzy, którzy w znacznym stopniu przyczynili się do badań nad pulsem, a których dzieła stały się postawą do dalszych badań nad pulsem przez Galena jego następców. Marcellinus, medyk nieznany do niedawna w historii medycyny, mocno akcentował w swoim traktacie konieczność połączenia teorii i praktyki w kształceniu przyszłych lekarzy. Jego zdaniem nauka praktyczna, pozwalała dopracować umiejętność prawidłowej oceny i sposobu mierzenia tętna, które najlepiej było wyczuwalne w nadgarstku. To właśnie dzięki zapomnianym starożytnym badaczom, znanym często tylko z przekazów ich kontynuatorów medycyna starożytna uczyniła mierzenie pulsu podstawowym narzędziem diagnozy pomocnym dla określenia problemów zdrowotnych pacjenta.
Did the Justinianic Plague Truly Reach Frankish Europe around 543 AD?
Authors: Faure Eric
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the episodes of bubonic plague recorded around 543 AD in Frankish Europe which on re-reading appear doubtful. Beginning in 541 and for two centuries, the Justinianic plague ravaged the Mediterranean area over several successive waves. The first mentions concern Egypt; the plague then spreads northward to Constantinople and almost concomitantly or shortly afterward moves westward until it reaches Western Europe. For this last region, the main source is Bishop Gregory of Tours, who in both his historical and his hagiographic writings, provides numerous data on the first outbreaks that raged in Frankish Europe, episodes to which he was a contemporary (even if for the first, he was still in early childhood). According to Gregory, around 543, bubonic plague ravaged several areas under Frankish rule. However, among others, intertextual, contextualized and chronological analyses strongly suggest that these events were in fact fictional. Gregory seems to have wanted to balance during epidemics of plague, the behavior of two bishops of Clermont that were totally opposed. In the episode of 571, when plague struck the episcopal city, the unworthy Bishop Cautinus, to escape disease, had fled the city in cowardice. In the other episode, through the intercession of Gregory's paternal uncle, the virtuous Gallus, the immediate predecessor of Cautinus and that of a saint specific of the paternal branch, the city, including the diocese, was spared from the plague. Other references to similar events in which, through saints, the plague is driven out, or territories are protected from it are also dated arbitrarily from this period. Furthermore, unlike the episode of 571, the plague of 543 is never considered a punishment for sin; moreover, no miraculous healing of plague patients is recorded. Contemporary texts from other authors of Frankish Europe, although they are rare, do not mention any epidemic around 543 - especially the Vita of Caesarius of Arles, written shortly after the death of this bishop (from 542 to 547-9) by several hagiographers - while two of Gregory’s texts, which are repeated almost verbatim, indicate that the province of Arles was the region most affected. This fact underscores the decisive contribution that hagiographic texts can make in the analysis of facts considered to be historical. Finally, the dramatic deteriorations in the health situation described in Gregory’s reports could have a background of truth and be the consequence of the climatic cooling observed from 536, likely due to volcanic eruptions, but did not involve the bubonic plague.
Proweniencja oraz funkcja teorii kosmologicznych następstw niesprawiedliwych rządów w zwierciadle Jonasza z Orleanu (ok. 780-843)
Authors: Chudzikowska-Wołoszyn Małgorzata
Published: November 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie popularnej pośród moralistów karolińskich VIII i IX w. idei, mówiącej o  kosmologicznych konsekwencjach królowania. Przekonanie o tym, że grzechy króla mogą zagrozić całej społeczności było szczególnie silnie akcentowane w piśmiennictwie o charakterze wzorcotwórczym oraz napominającym. Tym samym motyw ten odnajdujemy w tak licznie powstających w czasie panowania Karola Wielkiego (747-814) i Ludwika Pobożnego (778-840) listach do władców oraz zwierciadłach. Podstawą podjętych w pracy analiz jest zwierciadło książęce (speculum principis) – De institutione regia - które ok. 831 r. biskup Orleanu Jonasz napisał dla cesarskiego syna Pepina I, króla Akwitanii (797-838). W III rozdziale tego dzieła zawarta została swoistego rodzaju kosmologiczna reguła władzy, zgodnie z którą pomiędzy kondycją cnót panującego a stanem jego ziemi i ludzi istniała ścisła i szczególna korelacja. Niesprawiedliwy król burzył bowiem równowagę kosmosu. Sprowadzał na swój lud klęski żywiołowe, choroby oraz śmierć. Autorka skoncentruje się na omówieniu proweniencji owej kosmologicznej idei współzależności pomiędzy sprawiedliwością króla i porządkiem kosmosu. Odniesie się również do jej roli w retoryce, którą przyjął Jonasz z Orleanu. W artykule – komparatystycznie - przywołane zostaną także inne zwierciadła karolińskie, podejmujące temat kosmologicznych konsekwencji królowania.
Przywódcy powstania Izauryjczyków w latach 492–498
Authors: Leszka Mirosław J.
Published: November 2021

Uchwytnych w źródłach przywódców powstania izauryjskiego podzielić można z grubsza na dwie grupy.   Pierwszą stanowili ci, którzy  za Zenona zrobili karierę w centrum państwa, względnie sprawowali różne funkcje cywilne i wojskowe na terytorium Izaurii. To oni, jako ci, którzy stracili dotychczasowe pozycje i majątki,  byli kołem zamachowym do powstańczego zrywu. Drugą grupę stanowili ci, którzy wypłynęli dopiero w związku z powstaniem, o których wcześniejszej karierze nic nie wiemy, ale z pewnością cieszący się pewnym autorytetem czy popularnością wśród Izauryjczyków. Oni poczuli się zapewne dotknięci represjami, podjętymi przez Anastazjusza i liczyli na to, cesarz ugnie się w obliczu powstania i przywróci Izaurii przywileje, którymi cieszyła się ona pod koniec rządów Zenona.
„Żyć z Ewangelii” (1 Kor 9,14) – zasada św. Pawła w interpretacji Ojców Kościoła
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: November 2021

Św. Paweł w liście do gminy w Koryncie napisał: „Pan postanowił, ażeby z Ewangelii żyli ci, którzy głoszą Ewangelię” (1 Kor 9,14). Słowa te uzasadniały możliwość, a czasem konieczność, zapewnienie środków utrzymania duchownym przez wiernych. Ojcowie Kościoła analizując słowa apostoła zastanawiali nad tym, kogo i w jakich okolicznościach pozwolenie to dotyczy. Zgadzano się, że miały być to tylko środki konieczne do życia, których nie można było traktować jako wynagrodzenie, ale tylko umożliwienie poświecenia się pracy duszpasterskiej. Polecenie Chrystusa nakładało na wiernych obowiązek zapewnienia wspomnianych środków. Z kolei duchowni nie mieli obowiązku korzystania z tych środków, co nie zawsze jest zauważone w polskich przekładach.
Św. Józef w apokryfach Nowego Testamentu (cz. 1: do narodzenia Jezusa w Betlejem)
Authors: Nocoń Arkadiusz
Published: November 2021

Wśród postaci, które w historii zbawienia odegrały ważną rolę, św. Józef jest postacią wyjątkową: tak ze względu na powierzoną mu misję, jak i na posiadane cnoty. Informacje w Piśmie Świętym na jego temat są jednak nadzwyczaj skromne. Trudno się więc dziwić, że lukę w jego biografii starały się wypełnić apokryfy, pisma, które mimo wielu uchybień wywarły duży wpływ na teologię, liturgię, sztukę. Pozostają też cennym świadectwem przeżywania wiary przez ówczesne wspólnoty chrześcijańskie. Z bogatego materiału badawczego autor starał się wydobyć w pierwszej części artykułu najważniejsze dane dotyczące „biografii” św. Józefa do momentu narodzenia Jezusa w Betlejem. Pozostała część „biografii” Józefa, jego relacje z Maryją i z Jezusem, oraz wnioski płynące z lektury apokryfów, w tym, co dotyczy św. Józefa, przedstawione zostaną w części drugiej.
Health and ideations of married female adolescents
Authors:   Breakthrough RESEARCH
Published: November 2021

This brief provides rigorous evidence-based insights to implementers and researchers of social and behavior change (SBC) programs that seek to improve knowledge, attitudes, norms, and behaviors of married female adolescents. The brief focuses on married adolescents’ uptake of services and health knowledge in Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara states in northwestern Nigeria using a subset of data from a household survey of married women ages 15–49 years. It is one of a series of briefs that present findings from a Breakthrough RESEARCH study that uniquely captures data on a wide range of psychosocial drivers of behavioral outcomes in the areas of family planning, malaria, and maternal, newborn, and child health, and nutrition (MNCH+N). The results presented in this series can inform the improvement of women and children’s health programming in Nigeria and help to achieve the objectives of the National Strategic Health Development Plan II (2018–2022), as well as support global efforts to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Inteligencia emocional en docentes del programa de Administración Ambiental de una institución de educación superior
Authors: Aladino Vallejo Jennifer , Quiroz González Eliana , Castaño Benjumea Juan Carlos
Published: November 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar la inteligencia emocional en un grupo de docentes del programa de Administración Ambiental de una institución de educación superior de Pereira. La investigación fue no experimental, cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, y contó con la participación de 32 docentes (M=12-H=20). Se utilizó una ficha de datos sociodemográficos y el TMMS-24. Se encontró que la dimensión con la puntuación más alta fue la de reparación emocional (M=30,40-DE=6,87), seguida de la claridad emocional (M=28,93-DE=6,60) y, finalmente, de la atención emocional (M=24,84-DE=5,04). Las mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en atención y reparación emocional,pero no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función al sexo. Las tres dimensiones puntuaron más alto en los participantes que tienen entre 46 y 55 años, con formación de pregrado, con contratación de planta y en aquellos que cuentan con otro trabajo fuera de la Universidad. Finalmente se resalta la importancia de fortalecer las habilidades emocionales en los docentes.
Politische Raumkultur als Verstärker der Corona-Pandemie? Einflussfaktoren auf die regionale Inzidenzentwicklung in Deutschland in der ersten und zweiten Pandemiewelle 2020. Erweiterte Fassung
Authors: Richter Christoph , Wächter Maximilian , Reinecke Jost , Salheiser Axel , Quent Matthias , Wjst Matthias
Published: November 2021

In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir, welchen spezifischen Einfluss Faktoren der politischen Raumkultur auf die regionalen Unterschiede in den Corona Inzidenzverläufen in den beiden Expansionsphasen der Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 sowie im Herbst/Winter 2020 hatten. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass in Regionen mit hohem Zuspruch zu Parteien der radikalen Rechten eine höhere Skepsis bzw. Distanz zu demokratischen Institutionen und damit einhergehend eine geringere Akzeptanz der Schutzmaßnahmen vorherrscht, prüfen wir, inwiefern sich diese Unterschiede in der politischen Raumkultur auf die Inzidenzentwicklungen auswirken. Wir nutzen neben Daten zum Infektionsgeschehen die Wahlergebnisse und Nichtwählendenanteile vergangener Bundestagswahlen und zahlreiche soziostrukturelle Variablen für die 401 Kreise und kreisfreien Städte. Zur Modellierung der dynamischen An- und Abstiegsphasen greifen wir auf latente Wachstumsmodelle zurück. Die Ergebnisse zeigen hohe signifikante Effekte der AfD-Zweitstimmenanteile auf die Anstiege der Infektionszahlen in beiden Wellen – sowohl in Ost- als auch in Westdeutschland. Für andere im Bundestag vertretene Parteien lassen sich keine systematischen Effekte auf die Anstiegsphase beider Wellen finden. Dazu kann gezeigt werden, dass auch die Zweitstimmenanteile rechtsextremer Kleinparteien und die Nichtwählendenanteile zu den Bundestagswahlen 2005 und 2013 positive Effekte auf die Inzidenzentwicklungen haben; das weist auf eine hohe Persistenz politischer und demokratischer Distanz in Teilen dieser Regionen hin.