bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Processing Improvements for Estimates of Health Insurance Coverage in the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement
Authors: Berchick Edward R. , Jackson Heide
Published: March 2021

Estimates of health insurance coverage in the United States rely on household-based surveys, and these surveys seek to improve data quality amid a changing health insurance landscape. We examine postcollection processing improvements to health insurance data in the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC), one of the leading sources of coverage estimates. The implementation of updated data extraction and imputation procedures in the CPS ASEC marks the second stage of a two-stage improvement and the beginning of a new time series for health insurance estimates. To evaluate these changes, we compared estimates from two files that introduce the updated processing system with two files that use the legacy system. We find that updates resulted in higher rates of health insurance coverage and lower rates of dual coverage, among other differences. These results indicate that the updated data processing improves coverage estimates and addresses previously noted limitations of the CPS ASEC.
Effect of frozen storage on some characteristics of kefir samples made from cow’s and goat’s milk
Authors: Sarica Ercan , Coşkun Hayri
Published: March 2021

This study was aimed to determine the changes in kefir samples (CK and GK) made from cow’s and goat’s milk during frozen storage. The CK and GK samples were first stored at +4 °C for 14 and 21 days. Thereafter, all the samples were frozen at –35 °C for 24 h and kept at –18 °C for 45 days. There was no significant change in the fat, protein, acidity and pH values in both samples during the storage. The values of viscosity, WI and C* were higher in the CK samples while the syneresis value was higher in the GK samples throughout the frozen storage. The microorganisms ( Lactococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeasts) found in kefir made from goat's milk were more affected from the frozen storage. In both samples, the changes in organic acids and volatile flavor components were not significant during frozen storage, except acetic, citric and oxalic acids and acetaldehyde in GK sample. In addition, CK samples were preferred sensorially more by the panellists during frozen storage.
Urban Families in Southern Angola: What Makes Them Work? The Empirical Validation of a Family Life Cycle Model
Authors: Simões Tchilissila Alicerces , de Sousa Bruno , Alberto Isabel Marques
Published: March 2021

In this study, we sought to empirically validate the model of development of urban families in Southern Angola. The study was carried out with a sample of 256 participants ( n = 130, 50.78% women; n = 126, 49.22% men) from urban centers of Southern Angola, aged between 18–79 years. We aimed, particularly, to identify women’s and men’s perceptions of their family functioning (SCORE-15), family vulnerability to stress (FILE), family strengths (FSQ), and family investment in rituals and routines (FRQ-R). The results from the structured additive regression models (STAR) demonstrated the adequacy of this model to explain and organize the data from the sample studied. Moreover, the results identified the perception of an adjusted family functioning, despite the high levels of family vulnerability to stress and low levels of family strength, compared with international studies. This study also showed a great investment in family rituals and routines. Results from STAR highlight the consistency of women throughout family evolution, and greater fluctuations in the results presented by men, particularly those who are in the stages of families with an adolescent or a young adult child and families in the “sandwich” generation. These results contribute to the enrichment of Simões and Alberto’s model and a better understanding of the family reality in urban Southern Angola.
Multicystic Encephalomalacia: The Neuropathology of Systemic Neonatal Parechovirus Infection
Authors: Lane Louise Marie , McDermott Michael B , O’Connor Pamela , Cronly Suzanne , O’Regan Mary , De Gascun Cillian F , Morley Ursula , Snow Aisling , Tone Sara , Heffernan Josephine , Cryan Jane B
Published: March 2021

The Neuropathology of Human Parechovirus (HPeV) is not widely described due to the relatively recent discovery of the virus combined with a limited number of autopsy case reports. We report the case of an infant boy born at 38 weeks who, six days after birth, presented with fever and severe neurological dysfunction. Human Parechovirus Type 3 (HPeV3) RNA was detected in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. He died five days after his initial presentation. Neuropathologic examination demonstrated multicystic encephalomalacia (ME). This case report confirms that white matter pathology is dominant in HPeV3 infection. A unique feature, of HPeV encephalomalacia is absence of CSF pleocytosis and minimal inflammation in the meninges. The findings permit comment on the pathogenesis of brain injury by this virus.
Subcutaneous ureteral bypass device placement with intraoperative ultrasound guidance, with or without microsurgical ureterotomy, in 24 cats
Authors: Butty Emmanuelle Marie , Labato Mary Anna
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe a method of subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device placement with intraoperative ultrasound guidance, with or without microsurgical ureterotomy, for the treatment of benign ureteral obstruction(s) in cats. A secondary aim was to describe the complications and outcomes in our population, and compare the two groups with and without ureterotomy.

Methods

The medical records of cats with benign ureteral obstruction(s) treated with SUB device placement with intraoperative ultrasound guidance between April 2013 and June 2018 were reviewed.

Results

Twenty-four cats with 30 obstructed ureters had a SUB device placement with intraoperative ultrasound guidance in 26 surgeries. A microsurgical ureterotomy was performed in 14/26 surgeries. Median age was 10.07 years (range 4–16.6). Eleven of 24 cats (46%) had a previous history of chronic kidney disease (CKD). All cats, including two patients with minimal pelvic dilation (⩽4 mm), had a successful intrapelvic placement of the SUB device. Median survival time was 1555 days (4.25 years); this was not significantly different between the two groups ( P = 0.4494). Stone analysis and bacterial culture, where available for review, revealed calcium oxalate in 12/12 and a negative culture in 6/7. The ureterotomy significantly prolonged the procedure duration (180 vs 125 mins) without significantly decreasing the short- and long-term complications ( P = 0.1588 and P = 0.2921, respectively), or the survival time ( P = 0.8437).

Conclusions and relevance

SUB device placement with intraoperative ultrasound guidance is an effective alternative for the treatment of ureteral obstruction. Ultrasound guidance may be a more accessible option when a trained veterinarian does not have access to fluoroscopy. Microsurgical ureterotomy did not show any advantage and prolonged the anesthesia. Our median survival time emphasizes a good outcome of SUB device placement, even in cats with a previous history of CKD.
Intravitreal injections during COVID-19 outbreak: Protective measures, total duration of care and perceived quality of care in a tertiary retina center
Authors: Denys Paul , Miere Alexandra , Colantuono Donato , Jung Camille , Souied Eric H.
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To assess patient satisfaction regarding the sudden reorganization of care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the outpatient intravitreal injection (IVI) clinic.

Methods:

A survey of patients with ongoing IVIs for retinal diseases was carried out between April 23rd and May 12th, 2020. We designed a questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction concerning: personal protective equipment (PPE), social distancing, the perceived quality of care, and the total time spent in the department, using a Likert scale. We also collected the time spent per patients in the outpatient IVI clinic.

Results:

A hundred and twenty-seven eyes of 108 patients were included. The mean time spent in the IVI outpatient clinic was 31.87 +/− 16.61 min. In our survey, 99.1% of the patients were satisfied (highly satisfied or satisfied) with the new type of care provided, 89.8% with the duration of care, and 93.5% with the PPE. Satisfaction was associated with total time spent in hospital ( p = 0.005), with dissatisfied patients spending about 50% more time in the hospital than satisfied patients (43.91 min vs 30.50 min).

Conclusion:

Despite the crisis-related adjustment, our survey revealed high patient satisfaction with PPE, quality of care, and total time spent in outpatient IVI clinic.
Predicting 30-day mortality after hip fracture: the G4A calibrated prognostic tool
Authors: Harman Holly , Walton Thomas J , Chan Gareth , Stott Philip , Ricketts David M , Rogers Benedict A
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Proximal femoral fracture is common with a high mortality (7% mortality at 30 days). Accurate determination of mortality risk allows better consenting, clinical management and expectation management. Our study aim was to develop a prognostic tool to predict 30-day mortality after proximal femoral fracture, among patients treated within a dedicated hip fracture unit.

Materials and methods:

We collected data from our hospital concerning 2210 patients with 2287 proximal femoral fractures. The clinical parameters of 97 patients who died within 30 days of surgery were analysed. We used logistic regression to determine if the parameters’ relationship with 30-day mortality was statistically significant or not. The statistically significant parameters were used to create a prognostic model for predicting 30-day mortality.

Results:

The 5 independent predictors of 30-day mortality were gender, age, admission source, preoperative Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) and American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (ASA). The highest risk was for males >85 years, admitted from institutional care, with low preoperative mental test score and high ASA grade. Using these predictors, we formulated the G4A score. The Hosmer-Lemeshow ‘goodness of fit’ test showed good concordance between observed and predicted mortality rates.

Conclusions:

We recommend the use of the G4A score to predict 30-day mortality after surgery for proximal femoral fracture, particularly within dedicated hip fracture units. Further research is needed to establish whether the findings of this study are applicable on a national scale.
New formulas to predict the length of a peripherally inserted central catheter based on anteroposterior chest radiographs
Authors: Park Sung-Joon , Chung Hwan Hoon , Lee Seung Hwa , Kim Jeong-Eun , Kim Cherry , Lee Sang Min
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To develop formulas that predict the optimal length of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) from variables measured on anteroposterior (AP) chest radiography (CXR).

Materials and methods:

A total of 134 patients who underwent PICC insertion at the angiography suites were included. Clinical information such as patient height, weight, sex, age, cubital crease to inferior carina border length (CCL), and approach side were recorded. The following variables via measurement on AP-CXR were also collected: (1) distance from the T1 to T12 vertebra (DTV), (2) maximal horizontal thoracic diameter (MHTD), and (3) clavicle length (CL).

Results:

Significant correlations between CCL and the following variables were identified in linear regression analyses: approach side, height, weight, sex, DTV, MHTD, and CL. Multiple regression results motivated the following two formulas: (1) with height data, estimated CCL (cm) = 12.429 + 0.113 × Height + 0.377 × MHTD (if left side, add 2.933 cm, if female, subtract 0.723 cm); (2) without height data, estimated CCL = 19.409 + 0.424 × MHTD + 0.287 × CL + 0.203 × DTV (if left side, add 3.063 cm, if female, subtract 0.997 cm). Estimated final PICC length can be calculated as (Estimated CCL, cm) + 4.0 (distance from inferior carina border to about 2.0 vertebra body unit, cm) − (distance from set cubital crease to designated puncture point, cm).

Conclusion:

This study suggests new formulas to predict the appropriate PICC length for bedside insertion using previous AP-CXRs. With this formula, ideal positioning of the catheter’s tip can be achieved in the clinical practice, avoiding or minimalizing the exposed catheter out of skin. These formulas may be helpful for patients who cannot undergo intra-hospital transport due to hemodynamic instability or who are concerned about isolation precautions due to any infectious-related contamination.
Factors associated with functional arteriovenous fistula at hemodialysis start and arteriovenous fistula non-use in a single-center cohort
Authors: Chung Edmund YM , Knagge Debbie , Cheung Simone , Sun Jessica , Heath Lauren , McColl Hayden , Guo Henry , Gray Lauren , Srivastava Tarini , Sandy Joshua , McGinn Stella , Fisher Charles
Published: March 2021

Background:

The gold standard of commencing hemodialysis with a functional arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is challenging. We aim to review factors associated with functional AVF at hemodialysis start at a tertiary hospital.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed incident hemodialysis patients or who had AVF creation at a single tertiary hospital from 2011 to 2016. Data was extracted for patient comorbidities, duration from referral to AVF creation and hemodialysis start, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at surgical referral, referring nephrologist, events accelerating eGFR decline, and revisions for “failing to mature” AVF to assess factors associated with non-functioning AVF or late AVF creation, using multinomial logistic regression.

Results:

Two hundred two patients received hemodialysis and 51 had AVF creation but did not dialyze (AVF futility rate 20%). Of these, 133 (66%) commenced hemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC) and 69 (34%) with an AVF. Patients with functional AVFs at hemodialysis start were referred earlier than those with non-functional AVFs (median 256 vs 66 days before hemodialysis start, p = 0.001). Age, sex, eGFR at surgical referral, and comorbidities were not predictive of patients with functional AVFs. Events accelerating eGFR decline were associated with an increased incidence of CVC at hemodialysis start (risk ratio (RR) 4.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–9.03, p < 0.0001). Referring nephrologists external to our renal unit may be associated with non-functional AVF at hemodialysis start (RR 6.60, 95% CI 1.74–25.13, p = 0.006).

Conclusions:

We found that functional AVFs required referral a median of 256 days prior to hemodialysis start and events accelerating eGFR decline increase the incidence of CVC at hemodialysis start. Age, sex, eGFR at surgical referral, and comorbidities did not inform the likelihood of timely AVF creation and evaluation of further predictive pre-dialysis factors is necessary to identify patients requiring early AVF creation whilst minimizing the cost of unnecessary procedures.
Citrate-induced local ionized calcium decrease in pediatric hemodialysis settings: An in-vitro study
Authors: Novljan Gregor , Kolar Mitja , Kastelec Lea , Battelino Nina
Published: March 2021

Background:

Citrate is instilled into the dialysis catheter to prevent clotting and to maintain patency between dialysis sessions. A significant amount of citrate leaks from the catheter at the injection time, which decreases the blood ionized calcium concentration (Ca2+) due to chelation. We aimed to evaluate the local impact of concentrated (i.e. 30%) citrate spilling on Ca2+ at the catheter tip in real-time pediatric conditions.

Methods:

An in-vitro model was constructed, involving an ion-selective electrode (Ca-ISE). A pre-curved catheter and the Ca-ISE were submerged in a glass vessel with the tips positioned adjacent to each other. The vessel was filled with 30 and 80 ml of normal saline with added calcium to simulate normal right atrium size in children and adults, respectively, and normal blood Ca2+. The amount of instilled citrate matched the filling volume of the catheter. Measurements were performed with 4% and 30% citrate solutions.

Results:

The mean Ca2+ measured at the tip of the catheter was 0.457 and 0.058 mmol/l when using 4% and 30% citrate, respectively ( p < 0.001). The mean Ca2+ recorded in 30 and 80 ml after instilling 30 % citrate was 0.058 and 0.055 mmol/l, respectively ( p = 0.878).

Conclusions:

The spilling of 30% citrate caused a strikingly greater decrease of Ca2+ at the catheter tip than the standard 4% citrate. The atrial volume did not influence the test results implying similar safety concerns for pediatric and adult patients. The used static experimental setting might have overestimated the spilling effect.
Why do states in conflict with each other also sustain resilient cooperation in international regulation? Britain and telegraphy, 1860s–1914
Authors: 6 Perri , Heims Eva
Published: March 2021

This article compares the explanatory power of five mainstream theories from International Relations, political science and public management in understanding why – when they are engaged in deepening conflict and tension and even preparations for wars – states might simultaneously sustain deepening cooperation in global regulatory bodies. Analysis of explanatory power focuses on trade-offs among five key methodological virtues, and on buffering as an indicator of state unitariness. The theories are examined against the crucial case of one state’s commitment to the first international regulatory regime, the International Telegraph Union (ITU) and the Submarine Cable Convention (SCC) of 1884, from the founding of the ITU in 1865 to the outbreak of the Great War. In this article, we use UK National Archives files to reconstruct Britain’s decisions in telegraphy policy as our case of a state’s decision-making. We focus on four key clusters of decisions, spanning three sub-periods. The study finds each of the theories can descriptively capture some developments in some sub-periods, but not for the reasons identified in the theory and without generality of application. It therefore provides the basis for future theoretical development work and demonstrates the value of theory comparison by analysis of trade-offs among methodological virtues.
Personal wisdom and quality of life among Chinese older adults
Authors: Chen Zhiqin , Zhu Minfan , Zheng Likangjin , Xie Xiaofei
Published: March 2021

This study found that personal wisdom was correlated positively with Chinese older adults’ quality of life regardless of their place of residence (rural vs urban). Both self-esteem and depression were found to account directly for the relation between personal wisdom and quality of life among the urban, but not the rural residents. The findings overall highlighted the importance of considering personal wisdom as a beneficial psychological resource that helps older adults maintain a high quality of life in old age. Further, the rural-urban difference indicates the need for future personal wisdom studies on low-income and less educated older populations.
Study on shear capacity of prestressed composite joints with concrete-encased CFST columns
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhu Zhiyu , Yang Yang , Yan Kai , Xu Guanpu , Zhang Guanjun
Published: March 2021

Through assuming reasonable constitutive relation of materials, finite element analysis (FEA) models of joints consisting of prestressed concrete-encased steel beams and concrete-encased concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns were established by soft ABAQUS, and the simulated results were compared with tested ones. On this basis, the nonlinear analysis on the total loading process was conducted, and the stress variation of concrete, profile steel skeleton, steel bar skeleton, and prestressing tendons were observed at yield, peak, and ultimate loads; the influence of axial compressive ratio, steel tube ratio, stirrup ratio, and prestressing level on lateral load-displacement curves at column top and shear force-shear angle in joint core were investigated, and the shear capacity formulae of joint core were developed. It could be concluded that, the lateral peak loads and shear capacity could be improved with the increase of axial compressive ratio, steel tube ratio, stirrup ratio, and prestressing levels in varying degrees, and the ductility of joints will reduce with the increase of axial compressive ratio. Additionally, the shear capacity calculated by proposed practical formula was a little lower than FEA results, which could keep the joints safety and could be used in engineering design.
Is ‘Growing Better’ ripe for development? Creating an urban farm for social impact
Authors: Gittins Peter , Morland Leigh
Published: March 2021

‘Growing Better’ is a micro-social enterprise Community Interest Company (CIC), based in the Leeds City Region (UK), which provides a supportive working environment for people with mental health issues at an urban farming facility. This case study explores the business model and informs the challenge of growing a social enterprise with limited human and technical resources. Findings suggest that the potential for growth lies with the social entrepreneur’s ability to harness external stakeholder support; however, any development of the venture should also inform the effective utilisation of resources through operations management. Practically the case explores how aspirations for social and environmental impact drives the need to acquire and manage resources effectively and efficiently.
Battle pass capitalism
Authors: Joseph Daniel
Published: March 2021

This article investigates the origin, circulation and consumption of a new commodity – the “battle pass” – in the complex ludic economies of contemporary digital games. The article dives deep into the history and political economy of battle royale shooters and the game Apex Legends (2019), a free-to-play example of the genre monetized in part by a battle pass. Inspired and in dialogue with Nieborg and Poell’s (2018) theory of platformization, this article asks questions related to how digital games like this operationalize their status as ‘contingent commodities’. The article then engages in an ‘app walk-through’ ( Light et al., 2018 ) of Apex Legends, analysing its vision, operating model and governance. The focus here is on revealing the ‘mediator characteristics’ that structure in-game commodities like avatar skins, loot boxes and the battle pass. There is then a discussion and theorization of these monetization strategies and the industry-wide tendencies for consumerism they signal. A key takeaway is that digital consumption in games is at once both easy to ‘see’ but also highly abstracted, making it very difficult to pull apart what people are actually consuming when they engage with the monetization layer of contemporary digital games.
“We gon be alright:” containment, creativity, and the birth of hip-hop
Authors: Shabazz Rashad
Published: March 2021

In the United States, Black cultural production is bound up with geographic containment, restrictions on mobility, and racial segregation. Jazz, hip-hop, house music, and the Minneapolis Sound (the music associated with late recording artist, Prince) were mid-wifed by some of the most repressive systems of geographic order. Indeed, containment and creativity, geographies of trouble and hope are hallmarks of Black cultural production. This dialectic calls into question the belief that art can only be created in conducive or untroubled spaces. Hip-hop provides a perfect case study to challenge this assumption. Born in the Bronx, NY in the early 1970’s, hip-hop was a cultural movement that emerged in against the backdrop of racial and economic segregation, mass incarceration, and joblessness. Yet, hop-hop “danced its way of these constrictions” and created geographies of hope. In doing this, hip-hop shows that Black cultural production and the radical imagination from which it springs, have the capacity to create counter-spatial imaginaries that challenge those under which it was produced. To that end, this article addresses the relationship between creativity and containment. Through linking the rise of carceral power, racially restrictive housing practices, a deindustrializing economy, and expanding prison populations with the hip-hop, I demonstrate the dialectic between systematic spatial containment of poor and working-class Black and Latinx Americans and the role it played in creation of the world’s most powerful cultural force.
Peer Effects on Individual Performance in a Team Sport
Authors: Molodchik Mariia , Paklina Sofiia , Parshakov Petr
Published: March 2021

The paper investigates the variety of peer effects on individual performance in a team sport. The individual performance of more than 5,000 soccer players, from 234 teams, between 2010 and 2015, is measured with the help of the FIFA video game simulator developed by EA Sports. The study reveals positive peer effects on individual performance although the marginal benefit decreases. Additionally, team cohesion contributes to an improvement of players’ ranking.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2a Expression Is Positively Correlated With Gleason Score in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pavlakis Dimitrios , Kampantais Spyridon , Gkagkalidis Konstantinos , Gourvas Victoras , Memmos Dimitrios , Tsionga Aikaterini , Dimitriadis Georgios , Vakalopoulos Ioannis
Published: March 2021

Background:

One of the main factors in response to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Although its role in other solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma, has been sufficiently elucidated, it remains elusive in prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of main proteins involved in this pathway and determine the correlation of the results with clinicopathological outcomes of patients with prostate cancer.

Methods:

The immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1a, HIF-2a and their regulators, prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)1, PHD2 and PHD3 and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH), was assessed on a tissue microarray. This was constructed from radical prostatectomy specimens, involving both tumor and corresponding adjacent non-tumoral prostate tissues from 50 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.

Results:

In comparison with non-tumoral adjacent tissue, HIF-1a exhibited an equal or lower expression in 86% of the specimens (P = 0.017), while HIF-2a was overexpressed in 52% (P = 0.032) of the cases. HIF-1a protein expression was correlated with HIF-2a (P < 0.001), FIH (P = 0.004), PHD1 (P < 0.001), PHD2 (P < 0.001) and PHD3 (P = 0.035). HIF-2a expression was positively correlated with Gleason score (P = 0.017) and International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP) grade group (P = 0.022).

Conclusions:

The findings of the present study suggest a key role for HIF-2a in prostate cancer, as HIF-2a expression was found to be correlated with Gleason score and ISUP grade of the patients. However, further studies are required to validate these results and investigate the potential value of HIF-2a as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
MIR-301b-3p Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion by Targeting DLC1
Authors: Liu Haitao , Ma Xingjie , Niu Niu , Zhao Junjie , Lu Chao , Yang Fan , Qi Weibo
Published: March 2021

Background:

miR-301b-3p is reported in various human cancers for its abnormal expression, while the role and molecular mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear, and this is the focus of the present study.

Materials and Methods:

TCGA database was consulted to know gene expression in LUAD tissue. CCK-8, colony formation assay and Transwell assay were applied to identify the role of target genes in regulating LUAD cell biological properties. Bioinformatics analysis plus dual-luciferase assay were performed to validate the potential connection between genes.

Results:

miR-301b-3p and DLC1 were the target genes of this study and respectively differentially up-regulated and down-regulated in LUAD. Functional experiments indicated that miR-301b-3p contributed to cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while this effect was reversed with overexpressed DLC1 which was identified as a direct target of and regulated by miR-301b-3p.

Conclusions:

Collectively, miR-301b-3p was identified to actively function on LUAD malignant progression by suppressing DLC1 expression. This discovery provides a novel therapeutic strategy for LUAD patients, which helps improve the survival of patients.
Myeloid EP2 Receptors in Status Epilepticus—Peripheral But Not Negligible
Authors: Gross Christina
Published: March 2021

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Cortical Activity Underlying Gait Improvements Achieved With Dopaminergic Medication During Usual Walking and Obstacle Avoidance in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Orcioli-Silva Diego , Vitório Rodrigo , Nóbrega-Sousa Priscila , Beretta Victor Spiandor , Conceição Núbia Ribeiro da , Oliveira Anderson Souza , Pereira Marcelo Pinto , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken
Published: March 2021

Background

Dopaminergic medication improves gait in people with Parkinson disease (PD). However, it remains unclear if dopaminergic medication modulates cortical activity while walking.

Objective

We investigated the effects of dopaminergic medication on cortical activity during unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance in people with PD.

Methods

A total of 23 individuals with PD, in both off (PDOFF) and on (PDON) medication states, and 30 healthy older adults (control group [CG]) performed unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance conditions. Cortical activity was acquired through a combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy electroencephalography (EEG) system, along with gait parameters, through an electronic carpet. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and EEG absolute power from FCz, Cz, and CPz channels were calculated.

Results

HbO2 concentration reduced for people with PDOFF during obstacle avoidance compared with unobstructed walking. In contrast, both people with PDON and the CG had increased HbO2 concentration when avoiding obstacles compared with unobstructed walking. Dopaminergic medication increased step length, step velocity, and β and γ power in the CPz channel, regardless of walking condition. Moreover, dopaminergic-related changes (ie, on-off) in FCz/CPz γ power were associated with dopaminergic-related changes in step length for both walking conditions.

Conclusions

PD compromises the activation of the PFC during obstacle avoidance, and dopaminergic medication facilitates its recruitment. In addition, PD medication increases sensorimotor integration during walking by increasing posterior parietal cortex (CPz) activity. Increased γ power in the CPz and FCz channels is correlated with step length improvements achieved with dopaminergic medication during unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance in PD.
Endoscopic Robotic Retrieval of a Migrated Subclavian Vein Stent from the Right Ventricle
Authors: Miller Jeffrey S. , Ramaprabhu Krithika , Mohamed Ahmed Eltayeb , Halkos Michael E. , Murphy Douglas A.
Published: March 2021

A 54-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis with access through a right arm arteriovenous fistula presented with right arm swelling. Venography demonstrated right subclavian vein stenosis. A balloon angioplasty of the stenotic vein was unsuccessful, and she subsequently underwent stent placement with balloon angioplasty. Ten days following the procedure, she developed acute shortness of breath. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated the migration of the venous stent into the right ventricle. Using an endoscopic robotic approach, the stent was successfully extracted from the beating heart.
The Role of Disordered Eating in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vela Alyssa M. , Palmer Brooke , Gil-Rivas Virginia , Cachelin Fary
Published: March 2021

Rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus continue to rise around the world, largely due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, overeating, and lack of physical activity. Diet and eating is often the most challenging aspect of management and, when disordered, has been associated with increased risk for diabetes-related complications. Thus, there is a clear need for accessible and evidence-based interventions that address the complex lifestyle behaviors that influence diabetes management. The current study sought to assess the efficacy and acceptability of a pilot lifestyle intervention for women with type 2 diabetes and disordered eating. The intervention followed a cognitive behavioral therapy guided-self-help (CBTgsh) model and included several pillars of lifestyle medicine, including: diet, exercise, stress, and relationships. Ten women completed the 12-week intervention that provided social support, encouraged physical activity, and addressed eating behaviors and cognitions. Results indicate the lifestyle intervention was a feasible treatment for disordered eating behaviors among women with type 2 diabetes and was also associated with improved diabetes-related quality of life. The intervention was also acceptable to participants who reported satisfaction with the program. The current CBTgsh lifestyle intervention is a promising treatment option to reduce disordered eating and improve diabetes management.
Influence of different types of volutes on centrifugal aviation fuel pump
Authors: Wang Weijun , Li Zhenggui
Published: March 2021

High efficiency and low vibration are two hot topics in the field of fluid mechanics. In this paper, different spiral volutes are designed for centrifugal aviation fuel pump based on Velocity Coefficient Method. Physical fields under different operating conditions are simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software that solved the Navier–Stokes equations for three-dimensional flow (3D-RANS). And theoretical and simulation values of radial and axial forces are analyzed. The unsteady pressure fluctuation based on the steady results at the monitoring point is solved and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the influence of different volutes on pressure pulsation. The influence of three volutes on is analyzed and compared with the simulation. The results show that the double volutes improve significantly the large flow efficiency of the aviation fuel pump, 20%–30% higher than that of the single volute. The doubles volute can also optimize the radial force under the off-design condition. The radial force of the single volute fuel pump is 100 N. The radial force of the two types of double volute fuel pump is between 10 and 20 N. The three types of volute have no obvious influence on the axial force. Two types of double volutes provide excellent suppression of fuel pump pulsation spikes over the full frequency range. The peak value of single volute is mainly concentrated in the low frequency area below 2000 Hz. The blade frequency (170 Hz) and frequency multiplication are the main frequencies of the pulsation and the pulsation decreases rapidly in the high frequency area. The research results provide theoretical support for the design of aviation fuel pump with low pressure pulsation.
Consequences of cognitive offloading: Boosting performance but diminishing memory
Authors: Grinschgl Sandra , Papenmeier Frank , Meyerhoff Hauke S
Published: March 2021

Modern technical tools such as tablets allow for the temporal externalisation of working memory processes (i.e., cognitive offloading). Although such externalisations support immediate performance on different tasks, little is known about potential long-term consequences of offloading behaviour. In the current set of experiments, we studied the relationship between cognitive offloading and subsequent memory for the offloaded information as well as the interplay of this relationship with the goal to acquire new memory representations. Our participants solved the Pattern Copy Task, in which we manipulated the costs of cognitive offloading and the awareness of a subsequent memory test. In Experiment 1 ( N = 172), we showed that increasing the costs for offloading induces reduced offloading behaviour. This reduction in offloading came along with lower immediate task performance but more accurate memory in an unexpected test. In Experiment 2 ( N = 172), we confirmed these findings and observed that offloading behaviour remained detrimental for subsequent memory performance when participants were aware of the upcoming memory test. Interestingly, Experiment 3 ( N = 172) showed that cognitive offloading is not detrimental for long-term memory formation under all circumstances. Those participants who were forced to offload maximally but were aware of the memory test could almost completely counteract the negative impact of offloading on memory. Our experiments highlight the importance of the explicit goal to acquire new memory representations when relying on technical tools as offloading did have detrimental effects on memory without such a goal.
Explaining the association between repetition priming and source memory: No evidence for a contribution of recognition or fluency
Authors: Lange Nicholas , Berry Christopher J
Published: March 2021

In a conjoint memory task (measuring repetition priming, recognition memory, and source memory), items recognised as previously studied and receiving correct source decisions also tend to show a greater magnitude of the repetition priming effect. These associations have been explained as arising from a single memory system or signal, rather than multiple distinct ones. In the present work, we examine whether the association between priming and source memory can alternatively be explained as being driven by recognition or fluency. We first reproduced the basic priming-source association (Experiment 1). In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that the association persisted even when the task was modified so that overt and covert recognition judgements were precluded. In Experiment 4, the association was again present even though fluency (as measured by identification response time) could not influence the source decision, although the association was notably weaker. These findings suggest that the association between priming and source memory is not attributable to a contribution of recognition or fluency; instead, the findings are consistent with a single-system account in which a common memory signal drives responding.
Approximating graphs of a class of general Sierpinski triangles and their normalized Laplacian spectra
Authors: Zhu Zhiyong
Published: March 2021

The normalized Laplacian spectrum of a graph is an important tool that one can use to find much information about its topological and structural characteristics and also on some relevant dynamical aspects, specifically in relation to random walks. In this paper we devise an essentially algorithm to obtain the approximating graphs of a class of general Sierpinski triangles and their normalized Laplacian spectra, and illustrate such algorithm by a quasi-program of Matlab. In the meantime, our work also enriches the graphs whose spectrum is known.
‘Enough is enough: this cycle of violence has to come to an end’: Practical reasoning in the editorials during the extradition bill crisis of Hong Kong
Authors: Pietra John Della , Wang Simon
Published: March 2021

Practical reasoning as an important form of argumentation in politics has received limited research attention in critical discourse studies despite the proposal of an analytical model. Focusing on argument development surrounding events related to the extradition bill crisis of Hong Kong, this paper analyzes 48 editorials published in the South China Morning Post during the crisis period adopting Fairclough’s model. A number of recurrent themes have been identified in the corpus in association with the four argument components within the model – Claims, Goals, Values and Circumstances – which may increase understanding of the social contexts of the extradition bill crisis. It is further argued that, although Fairclough’s model may not capture the arguments in individual editorials comprehensively, the model can be usefully applied to analyze a collection of interrelated editorials to reveal more insights about an ongoing political crisis.
Higher prescription of antidepressants and/or anxiolytics among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Pelgrim Charlotte E. , van den Heuvel Jan Maurik , Folkerts Gert , Garssen Johan , Maitland-van der Zee Anke H. , Kraneveld Aletta D.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often accompanied by psychiatric problems, such as depression and anxiety, affecting both treatment outcomes and mortality. Evidence for the number of COPD patients using medication for these disorders is sparse. In this study, chronic antidepressant (ATD) and anxiolytic (ANX) drug use – to identify depression and anxiety – among COPD patients was compared with subjects with or without other chronic diseases.

Methods:

The NControl database containing prescription data of 800 pharmacies including 7 million individuals in The Netherlands was used. Patients of age 55+ years who received frequent prescriptions – at least two/year in 5 out of 6 years – for COPD medication, dermatological drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), statins and oral glucose-lowering medication were analyzed for concomitant chronic use of ATDs and ANXs between 1 January 2013 and 1 January 2019. All other subjects aged 55+ years were included as a control group (control group 1). This group was further stratified into a group of subjects that received frequent prescriptions of any kind (control group 2).

Results:

15.2% of the patients that receive COPD treatment ( n = 96,319), 15.3% of subjects that are treated for dermatological problems ( n = 62,865), 13.2% of subjects that receive DMARDs ( n = 7900), 11.6% of statins users ( n = 422,376) and 11.4% of oral glucose-lowering medication users ( n = 165,975) are also chronically treated for depression or anxiety, compared with 2.6% (control group 1; n = 3,290,608) and 11.4% (control group 2; n = 757,947). In general, female and 75+ years aged subjects showed a higher risk for using ATDs and ANXs chronically. In the COPD and the dermatological patient group the risk was the highest compared with the other patient groups.

Conclusions:

The rates of chronic ATD and ANX use and the risk of having depression and/or anxiety are especially high in COPD patients, indicating that psychiatric problems are more common in COPD than in most other chronic diseases. In general, age and gender strongly influence the risk of chronically using ATDs and ANXs. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
A Comprehensive Understanding of the Anticancer Mechanisms of FDY2004 Against Cervical Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Lee Ho-Sung , Lee In-Hee , Kang Kyungrae , Park Sang-In , Jung Minho , Yang Seung Gu , Kwon Tae-Wook , Lee Dae-Yeon
Published: March 2021

Herbal drugs are continuously being developed and used as effective therapeutics for various cancers, such as cervical cancer (CC); however, their mechanisms of action at a systemic level have not been explored fully. To study such mechanisms, we conducted a network pharmacological investigation of the anti-CC mechanisms of FDY2004, an herbal drug consisting of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen , and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. We found that FDY2004 inhibited the viability of human CC cells. By performing pharmacokinetic evaluation and network analysis of the phytochemical components of FDY2004, we identified 29 bioactive components and their 116 CC-associated pharmacological targets. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the modulation of cellular functions, such as apoptosis, growth, proliferation, and survival, might be mediated through the FDY2004 targets. The therapeutic targets were also key components of CC-associated oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways, including PI3K-Akt, human papillomavirus infection, IL-17, MAPK, TNF, focal adhesion, and viral carcinogenesis pathways. In conclusion, our data present a comprehensive insight for the mechanisms of the anti-CC properties of FDY2004.
Outcomes of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Fusion Using a Precontoured Plate
Authors: Riediger Michael , Sheridan Gerard A. , Gul Rehan
Published: March 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study was to determine the results of an arthrodesis technique of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) using a precontoured dorsal plate to correct the hallux valgus deformity.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of outcomes for first MTPJ arthrodesis performed using 2 precontoured dorsal plates. Radiographic outcomes (intermetatarsal angle [IMA] and hallux valgus angle [HVA]) and patient-reported functional outcome measures (Short-Form 12 and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score) were recorded and compared.

Results:

Fifty-five patients underwent 77 first MTPJ arthrodeses for severe hallux valgus deformity with associated degenerative changes at the first MTPJ. The mean reduction of the IMA was 5.67° ( P < .05) and the mean reduction of the HVA was 33° ( P < .05). The Short-Form 12 assessment of global health demonstrated a significant improvement in both the physical and mental health composite scores by 16.4 points and 10.4 points ( P < .05), respectively. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score demonstrated a cumulative decrease of 35% (59.28; P < .05) in all domains.

Conclusions:

First MTPJ arthrodesis using a precontoured dorsal plate is a successful procedure with a high union rate, low complication rate, and a high level of patient-reported satisfaction.

Levels of Evidence:

Level III.
Information Is Where You Find It: Perception as an Ecologically Well-Posed Problem
Authors: Warren William H.
Published: March 2021

Texts on visual perception typically begin with the following premise: Vision is an ill-posed problem, and perception is underdetermined by the available information. If this were really the case, however, it is hard to see how vision could ever get off the ground. James Gibson’s signal contribution was his hypothesis that for every perceivable property of the environment, however subtle, there must be a higher order variable of information, however complex, that specifies it—if only we are clever enough to find them. Such variables are informative about behaviorally relevant properties within the physical and ecological constraints of a species’ niche. Sensory ecology is replete with instructive examples, including weakly electric fish, the narwal’s tusk, and insect flight control. In particular, I elaborate the case of passing through gaps. Optic flow is sufficient to control locomotion around obstacles and through openings. The affordances of the environment, such as gap passability, are specified by action-scaled information. Logically ill-posed problems may thus, on closer inspection, be ecologically well-posed.