bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socialising New Guests
Authors: Dolnicar Sara
Published: December 2017

One of the key reasons hosts are willing to make available their spaces to total strangers on peer-to-peer accommodation networks is that they can assess the risk of each booking before confirming it. A key aspect of the risk assessment is the evaluation of the guest’s peer-to-peer accommodation network curriculum vitae (P2P-CV, Chapter 1) which consists of the full set of reviews hosts have written about the guest. Having a strong P2P-CV increases the chances of successfully booking space on peer-to-peer platforms. But how do people who have just signed up – newcomers, rookies, ‘Airbnbabies’ – get their first review? How are they socialized as members of a network that relies so heavily on the personal evaluation of one another? This question stands at the center of this chapter.
Do Hosts Discriminate?
Authors: Hajibaba Homa , Dolnicar Sara
Published: December 2017

On most peer-to-peer accommodation networks, people have to set up personal profiles, including a photo and some basic information about themselves. Typically, people wanting to book accommodation (guests) send a request to those offering it (hosts). Hosts assess the booking request and either decline or accept it. This chapter investigates factors that are associated with higher levels of declining booking requests by Airbnb hosts. Results suggest that declining requests is not associated with personal characteristics of the guest or host. Rather, hosts appear to be aware of the potential risks involved in letting strangers stay in their house (or room), and attempt to reduce this risk by assessing each guest inquiry at the booking level. These findings do not support recent claims of systematic discrimination on peer-to-peer accommodation networks.
Guests with Disabilities
Authors: Randle Melanie , Dolnicar Sara
Published: December 2017

Peer-to-peer accommodation networks have been accused of not offering accommodation suitable for people with disabilities, both by commercial competitors who are obliged to comply with regulations regarding this, and by groups protecting the interests of people with disabilities. This chapter investigates the regulations commercial providers are required to comply with, and the efforts made by peer-to-peer networks to accommodate these groups. It also explores needs of travelers with disabilities and ask which tourism accommodation model might be best placed to cater to this market in the long term.
O ENSINO DE CONJUNTOS DO PONTO DE VISTA DE ESTUDANTES DO MARAJÓ
Authors: Rocha Adriano Aparecido Soares da , Sá Pedro Franco de
Published: December 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do ensino de conjuntos a partir da opinião de estudantes. A produção das informações ocorreu por meio da aplicação de um formulário a 110 estudantes, do segundo ano do ensino médio, do Arquipélago do Marajó. O formulário continha duas partes, a primeira com questões de aspectos socioeconômicos, questões sobre hábitos de estudos, sobre o processo de ensino aprendizagem e avaliação do assunto em tela e dez questões sobre o assunto, sendo seis relativas a conceitos e quatro relativas a aplicações. A análise dos resultados indicou que, segundo os estudantes consultados, a maioria de suas aulas de matemática costuma seguir a sequência definição, exemplos, propriedades e questões para resolver; a forma mais comum de aprofundamento é por meio de listas de questões; o processo avaliativo é predominado pela aplicação de testes.
LITERATURA, SALA DE AULA E AS PALAVRAS PONTIAGUDAS
Authors: Albuquerque Adenilson de Barros de
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo estão presentes apontamentos inerentes a fragmentos literários, como ferramentas para abordagens dialogadas e suas possibilidades críticas de aprendizado. Privilegiamos o contexto do Ensino Médio, por apresentar-se como momento importante da vida estudantil, ao proporcionar aberturas mais amplas para o conhecimento e questionamento de mundo. O texto literário aqui é encarado como provocador de perspectivas histórico-sociais, para além das especificidades estruturadoras da linguagem. Para isso, recorremos a autores e obras cujas propostas escriturais não pertencem a um mesmo espaço-tempo, nem ao mesmo gênero em dois dos casos, haja vista que nosso objetivo é, antes de tudo, discorrer sobre alternativas de leitura. Os trechos analisados, portanto, pertencem a Glossário, poema de Narlan Matos; Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, romance de Machado de Assis; Tenda dos milagres, romance de Jorge Amado; Quarto de despejo, diário de Carolina Maria de Jesus; Cidade de Deus, romance de Paulo Lins. A partir dessas composições da arte literária, construímos uma via de discussão sobre os meandros inconclusivos da sala de aula.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO E A PRÁTICA DOCENTE NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Valezi Sueli Correia Lemes , Santos Gabriela Gomes dos
Published: December 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um projeto de iniciação científica financiado pela PROPES/IFMT e pela FAPEMAT, o qual objetivou investigar como os professores de Língua Portuguesa significam a sua formação e sua prática como docentes nos campi do IFMT, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de ações reflexivas e de intervenção em práticas pedagógicas nas instituições de educação profissional. Para a coleta de textos que permitissem a materialização das ações linguageiras dos sujeitos-professores, foi aplicado um questionário disponibilizado na ferramenta Google Docs e encaminhado a todos os professores de Língua Portuguesa pertencentes ao quadro efetivo dos campi do IFMT. A pesquisa configura-se como qualitativa-interpretativista, seguindo a proposta teórico-metodológica dos pesquisadores do ISD (BRONCKART & MACHADO, 2009; MACHADO, 2004; MACHADO et al 2009). Os temas abordados nas questões encaminhadas aos professores versam, especialmente, sobre: formação como docente de língua portuguesa e da educação profissional; tempo de docência; concepção de ensino de língua portuguesa; dificuldades no trabalho docente; gêneros textuais na Educação Profissional. Entre os resultados obtidos até o momento, destacam-se, neste trabalho, aqueles coletados em textos cujas vozes enunciam sobre a formação para o trabalho na educação profissional, sobre a concepção interacionista no ensino de línguas e sobre os empecilhos para o trabalho. Constata-se, com as análises, que o ensino de língua portuguesa nos campi do IFMT está perfilado com os novos paradigmas de ensino de línguas e a ausência de formação para as ações didáticas na educação profissional tem sido ainda evidenciada como um dos empecilhos encontrados para o trabalho docente.
Satisfação dos usuários da assistência hospitalar: o caso de um hospital público do SUS do estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Souza Paulo Cesar , Ribeiro Carine Figueiredo , Soares Suzana Silva
Published: December 2017

O aumento da qualidade da assistência hospitalar está entre um dos desafios ainda vigentes para o Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. A fim de fazer face a esse desafio, uma das estratégias é monitorar a qualidade da assistência por meio de indicadores. Um dos possíveis indicadores é a satisfação dos usuários. Diante disso, este trabalho se propôs a, mediante pesquisa, produzir este indicador de auxílio à gestão. Este trabalho é um estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativa realizado num hospital público do interior de Mato Grosso. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante entrevista com uma amostra composta por 31 pacientes. Os dados mostraram que na perspectiva dos pacientes a avaliação do hospital de forma geral não é boa, alcançando somente 35,5% da pontuação máxima possível. Entre as clínicas e entre os diversos itens do questionário as pontuações médias oscilaram, indicando sempre uma situação que requer melhorias. Os resultados permitem visualizar os pontos fortes e fracos do atendimento aos pacientes, devendo os fortes serem maximizados e os fracos minimizados e eliminados.
Pacific Journalism Monographs No 5: Pacific Way: Auckland's Pasifika community diaspora media
Authors: Neilson Michael
Published: December 2017

This monograph is the first comprehensive survey of the Pasifika diaspora media in Auckland, the world’s largest ‘Pacific’ city. It starts with a discussion of the concept of ‘diaspora’ and how minority communities have been represented in mainstream media around the world. It then gives a portrait of the Pasifika population of New Zealand, how it has historically been depicted in New Zealand’s various media, and what attempts have been made to improve coverage. The bulk of the report consists of profiles of and interviews with Auckland’s various Pasifika newspapers, radio stations, magazines, TV shows and online media.
Perlindungan Sosial Bagi Perempuan Disabilitas (Studi di Himpunan Wanita Disabilitas Indonesia (HWDI) Maluku)
Authors: Rahakbauw Nancy , Salakory David Marthen
Published: December 2017

Social protection is a means of important to relieve the impact of poverty and afflictions faced by vulnerable groups such as women .It cannot be denied that women were treated in a discriminatory manner and has gotten the stigma in specific conditions. Women often victims, both with the sacred printing domestic and public domain, this condition more complicated again, if the woman has with disability. Limited and inability as a female either physically and psychologically cause women with disability not able to meet a need maximally. Research aims to understand social protection forms received and constraints experienced by women with disability in get access to range of services available or provided by the government. Research will be implemented in an institution the set of women with disability Indonesia (HWDI) Kota Ambon, Provinsi Maluku .This research used the qualitative method which describes about the forms of social protection as well as constraints experienced by the Women Disability. The object of this research is focused on the members of the HWDI organization. Results of the research show that the received protection form, though Women Disability is social insurance, social assistance and Social Empowerment and obstacles faced in accessing services is uneven dissemination of information as well as physical limitations and treatment diskirminasi of the community and the public is not aksesibiti for persons with Disability.
PENGARUH ORGANISASI PEMBELAJAR DAN INOVASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA UKM DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Sirait Manuel Leonard , Sukmawati Anggraini , Sumertajaya I Made
Published: December 2017

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh UKM salah satunya ada keterbatasan sumberdaya manusia, yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan dan informasi yang dimiliki sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kinerja UKM.  Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN akan mempengaruhi daya tahan UKM Kota Bogor karena persaingan yang semakin ketat dan melakukan perbaikan kualitas sumberdaya manusia pada UKM di Kota Bogor.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari organisasi pembelajar dan inovasi terhadap kinerja UKM Kota Bogor.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bogor dengan jumlah sampel UKM sebanyak 46 UKM dan sampel responden berjumlah 149 orang.  Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik multi stage sampling yaitu gabungan dari teknik stratified random sampling dan proportional sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS).  Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh yang siginifkan antara organisasi pembelajar terhadap inovasi, (2) organisasi pembelajar memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja UKM, (3) inovasi memberikan pengaruh yang signifkan terhadap kinerja UKM Kota Bogor.The lack of human resources is one of the problem that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has faced.  Human resources in SMEs dont have sufficient knowledge and information and it effects the performances of SMEs.  Dealing with people of ASEAN Economic Community will effect the resistance of SMEs in Bogor, due to the competitive and making an increase in quality of human resources towards SMEs in Bogor.  This research was to analyze the effect of the learning organization and innovation towards performance of SMEs in Bogor.  This research was conducted in Bogor with 46 samples for SMEs and 149 for respondent samples.  The technique of sampling was conducted by using multi stage sampling namely the combination of stratified random sampling and proportional sampling.  The tabulation data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by approaching of Partial Least Square (PLS).  The result of this research were (1) the existence of significant influence between learning organization toward innovation, (2) the learning organization gives a significant effect towards the performance of SMEs, (3) innovation gives a significant effect towards the performance of SMEs in Bogor.
DAMPAK IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP STRES KERJA DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Rasyid , Anita Rizqa , Anugerah Rita
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dampak iklim organisasi terhadap stres kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dalam bentuk kuesioner dimana subjek penelitiannya adalah para 45 karyawan PT. Adei Plantation & Industry Head Office Pekanbaru Riau. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklim organisasi berpengaruh terhadap stres kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Selain itu, hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah pengaruh tidak langsung melalui stres kerja.This study aims to examine the impact of organizational climate on job stress and employee performance. The data used in this study was primary data in the form of a questionnaire in which the research subjects are 45 employees of PT. Adei Plantation & Industry Head Office Pekanbaru Riau. To test the hypothesis using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square. The result suggest that organizational climate influence on job stress and employee performance. In addition, result also suggest that the effect of organizational climate on employee performance is indirect influence through job stress.
MARKET DICIPLINE DAN REGULASI PENJAMINAN SIMPANAN BANK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawan Rahmat , Sudana I Made
Published: December 2017

This research aims to find out the effect of fundamental factors bank as measured using the CAMEL ratio to changes the amount of deposits and interest rates. CAMEL ratios consists of capital as measured by capital adequacy ratio (CAR), asset quality as measured by non performing loan (NPL), management quality as measured by non-interest expenditures to total assets (NIETA), earnings as measured by return on assets (ROA), liquidity as measured by cash to assets (CTA). Research conducted in Indonesia is also used to find out if there are differences in the behavior of market discipline at the time of a full guarantee, Rp. 100 million guarantee, and Rp 2 billion guarantee. The results showed while guaranteeing full there was no fundamental factors influential to changes in bank deposits and interest rates, while the granting of Rp. 100 million CAR and CTA have significant positive effect to changes deposits and significant negatife to interest rates, and than NIETA has significant negative to changes deposits and significant positive to interest rates, Rp 2 billion guarantee CAR and ROA have positive effect to changes in deposits and significant negative to interest rates. Market discipline occurs at the time of the granting of Rp 2 billion and is increasing at the moment of granting decrase to Rp. 100 million, indicated by number of variables that has a significant effect to changes in deposit and interest rate. whereas when full guarantee market discipline does not occur.
Investigation of Ammonium Saturation and Desorption Conditions of Clinoptilolite Type Zeolite in Aquarium Conditions
Authors: Öz Meryem , Şahin Dilek , Öz Ünal , Karslı Zafer , Aral Orhan
Published: December 2017

In this research, it was aimed to determine the adsorption, saturation reaching and desorption effects of ammonium, which is one of the parameters that should be kept in control for aquarium life, by clinoptilolite type zeolite which is a natural filtration material. In the aquarium water, Z1: 20 mg/l TAN and Z2: 40 mg/l TAN concentrations were determined to have adsorption up to Z1: 10 mg/l TAN and Z2: 24 mg/l TAN concentration at the end of the experiment period. After this phase, where zeolites had reached saturation, desorption system was created, and 2 groups were formed with 5-liter research aquariums and 3 repetitions. During the five-days test, water parameters were determined daily and at the same time of day (10.00). At the beginning of the experiment, mean values of 0.4 ± 0.00 mg / l TAN in Z1 and Z2 groups were determined at the end of the experiment as 1.55 ± 0.176 mg/l (15.5%) and 2.153 ± 0.27 mg/l (13.5%) TAN in Z1 and Z2 groups, respectively. When the data obtained in this study were evaluated, zeolite was determined to make desorption periodically in proportion with the amount of retained ammonium, when it reached the saturation. In intensive aquaculture systems or aquarium conditions, recondition of zeolite for necessary periods is recommended to be performed by considering these data.
A Study of the Level of Applying Creative Accounting in Vietnamese Companies
Authors: Lien Nguyen Thi Huong , Ngan Dao Thi
Published: December 2017

Creative accounting has been an interesting research topic because it relates to manupulations of actual accounting figures to the ones desired by the management by taking advantage of the existing accounting rules or ignoring them. Based on literature review and survey on companies of different sectors in Hanoi, this research summarizes popular techniques and motivations of using creative accounting, and evaluates the trend and the level of applying creative accounting in Vietnamese companies. The research results show an increasing trend of using creative accounting in Vietnam, and the level of applying creative accounting depends on the size and the type of companies, and motivations of using creative accounting are mainly for the purpose of tax benefit optimization, business value added and budget achievement.
Evaluating the Community’s Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change at the Household Level: Evidences from a Survey in Rang Dong Town, Nghia Hung District, Nam Dinh Province
Authors: Tuyet Dam Thi
Published: December 2017

This research used the sustainable livelihood framework developed by the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom (2001) to evaluate the community’s adaptive capacity to climate change in Rang Dong town, Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province. In-depth interviews were conducted with 79 households to explore their opinions and rating about symptoms and impacts of climate change related to their families’s livelihoods. The interviews also focused on the methods that the households used to respond to climate change. The research findings show that the households’ capacity to climate change is generally weak. The households’ livelihood resources there are utlised at a low level and these resources are insufficient to support them in responding to climate change.
AIS’s Alignment amd Businsess Performance of Firms A Multigroup Analysis with SEM model
Authors: Thu Ba Tran
Published: December 2017

The paper studies the model that assesses impacts and contributions of the factors of information request (IR) and information capacity (IC) in the Accounting Information System’s alignment (AIS).  The empirical research carried out in 398 enterprises which are divided into a group of small sized enterprises and a group of medium and large sized enterprises in the Southern key economic areas of Vietnam indicates that IR and IC make positive contributions to AIS’s alignment. AIS’s alignment also has a strong impact on firms’ business performance (P). In addition, a large difference between the two groups of enterprises regards AIS’s alignment and influence on firms’s business performance is also detected. The paper concludes with a number of orientations suggested by the author in developing AISs that are capable of processing and meeting demands for information of administrators helping improve Vietnamese enterprises’ business performance in the international integration.
DO DOMÍNIO AUTORITÁRIO MILITAR PARA A DEMOCRACIA CONSTITUCIONAL: UMA VISÃO GERAL DAS POLÍTICAS DE DIREITOS HUMANOS ATRAVÉS DA REDEMOCRATIZAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Terto Neto Ulisses
Published: December 2017

Resumo O presente artigo, resultado de investigações e discussões teóricas realizadas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito e no Centro para Cidadania, Sociedade Civil e Estado Democrático de Direito (CISRUL) da Universidade de Aberdeen no Reino Unido, tem como escopo principal analisar o processo histórico e sócio-político brasileiro de transformações de direitos humanos durante a saída do país do domínio autoritário militar e sua chegada à democracia constitucional, sob a perspectiva da teoria do modelo espiral de mudança de direitos humanos (spiral model) desenvolvida por Risse, Ropp and Sikkink (2013; 1999). Além disso, com base no conceito de autoritarismo social desenvolvido por Dagnino (2014; 2000; 1998; 1993), o artigo explica porque apesar de o Brasil ter se transformado em uma democracia constitucional, há ainda um cenário generalizado de violações de direitos humanos no país. Por fim, o artigo argui pela necessidade de se mudar as bases materiais da sociedade brasileira, de forma a possibilitar a construção de um novo projeto de sociedade, mais igualitária e na qual haja a efetivação dos direitos humanos. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos; Democracia; Teoria de Mudança de Direitos Humanos em Espiral (Spiral Model); Autoritarismo Social.
TWO CRITERIA FOR GOOD MEASUREMENTS IN RESEARCH: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
Authors: Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: December 2017

Reliability and validity are two most important and fundamental features in the evaluation of any measurement instrument or toll for a good research. The purpose of this research is to discuss the validity and reliability of measurement instruments that are used in research. Validity concerns what an instrument measures, and how well it does so. Reliability concerns the faith that one can have in the data obtained from use of an instrument, that is, the degree to which any measuring tool controls for random error. An attempt has been taken here to review the reliability and validity, and threat to them in some details.
Akustične lastnosti bukovine po hidrotermični obdelavi
Authors: Žveplan Ervin , Straže Aleš
Published: December 2017

We investigated the acoustic properties of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) after hydrothermal treatment. Two beech logs were cut into 10 pairs of radially oriented specimens with the dimensions 500 mm × 160 mm × 12 mm and air dried. Specimens were thermally treated for 1 hour in saturated vapour pressure atmosphere at 135 °C. After the treatment the specimens were conditioned at 20 °C and 50 % RH and their wood density, speed of ultrasound in all directions and colour properties in CIELab colour space were determined. Free flexural vibration tests were used afterwards to determine the acoustic properties of wood. We defined acoustic coefficient (K), damping of sound (tan δ) and relative acoustic conversion efficiency (RACE). The study confirmed a significant decrease of wood density after the hydrothermal processing. The increase in speed of ultrasound in hydrothermally-treated wood caused no change in the modulus of elasticity in all anatomical directions. Mechanical anisotropy of wood decreased slightly after the treatment. The colour measurements of specimens showed a linear correlation between the total colour change and change of wood density and stiffness. The acoustic properties of hydrothermally treated beech wood were partly improved due to the increase in the specific modulus of elasticity and the acoustic coefficient combined with the decrease in vibration damping.
Možnosti uporabe lesa v dodajalnih tehnologijah (3D-tiskanju)
Authors: Kariž Mirko , Šernek Milan , Kitek Kuzman Manja
Published: December 2017

Additive manufacturing technologies have developed greatly over the last decade in terms of technology and printing materials. Special emphasis is placed on the development of cheaper materials that are derived from natural sources, without the release of harmful substances during the manufacturing process, with the possibility of using waste materials and recycling after service life. Wood or wood residues are among the potential raw materials that could be used for 3D printing in combinations with natural and synthetic polymers. It is anticipated that, with the development of additive technologies, the use of wood will also expand to the area of structural elements, such as in the construction of prefabricated houses. A review of publications on the topic of 3D printing with natural raw materials with an emphasis on wood biomass and technologies, where the use of wood particles is possible, was made.
The National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA): “Fragile – Handle With Care”
Authors: Lee Howard , Lee Gregory
Published: December 2017

In April 2000, soon after taking office, the Labour-Alliance coalition government announced the establishment of the Tertiary Education Advisory Commission (TEAC) with a brief to develop a strategic direction for tertiary education. After a decade of neoliberal policies of decentralisation and marketisation, this heralded a new policy direction that has been described as New Zealand’s version of the Third Way. The new direction was to take account of economic globalisation, technological change and the need for New Zealand to become a knowledge-based society. To this end, the TEAC produced four reports before completing its work at the end of 2001. This article reviews and critiques those reports and concludes that the TEAC’s proposals could produce a highly centralised and regulated system with the potential to destroy the independent role of the universities within a democratic society.
Transition to School: Current Issues and Pacific Islands Early Childhood Contexts
Authors: Podmore Valerie , Sauvao Le’Autuli’Ilagi , Mapa Lia
Published: December 2017

This paper provides an overview of some current complexities related to transition to school from early childhood services in New Zealand. These include theoretical and policy matters concerning: continuity–discontinuity, diversity–standardisation, and ease of transition. We then highlight some key issues arising from a study, reported during the year under review, on transition to school from Pacific Islands early childhood services. Drawing on the main emergent themes, we comment on methodological implications and culturally preferred practices, and identify some concerns and challenges.
Sexuality Education - The Values Education Debate Continues
Authors: Weir Kama
Published: December 2017

Values education is a complex and contested area of curriculum in New Zealand Schools. This article looks at the values education debate of the 1970s and 1980s and draws parallets with contemporary issues in value education, particularly sexuality education.
Evaluating the Tertiary Education Advisory Commission: An Insider’s Perspective
Authors: Boston Jonathan
Published: December 2017

The Labour/Alliance government established the Tertiary Education Advisory Commission (TEAC) in April 2000 to advise it on the future direction, shape, regulation and funding of the tertiary sector. During the subsequent 19 months, the Commission produced four public reports and advised the government on a wide range of policy issues. Drawing on the experiences of TEAC, this article considers the necessary conditions for (relatively) short-term advisory bodies to provide ministers with timely, high-quality policy advice and make an effective contribution to the policy process. It then outlines a series of criteria for evaluating advisory bodies like TEAC, examines the performance of the Commission in the light of these criteria, and considers its likely contribution to the evolution of tertiary education policy in New Zealand.
Kura Kaupapa Maori: Tomorrow’s Schools and Beyond
Authors: Appleby Peter
Published: December 2017

Kura Kaupapa Maori are a distinctive and unique feature of the New Zealand education system. This report outlines a literature review that seeks to examine the position of such schools within the reformed New Zealand educational environment since 1988. The project focuses on the Tomorrow’s Schools reforms, before giving a briefer review of the New Zealand Curriculum Framework, Assessment for Better Learning and the Report of the Literacy Taskforce. A number of themes emerge, including the increasing acknowledgement of Kura Kaupapa Maori in policy documents over time, the lack of specific provision for such schools, and the incongruence of Maori beliefs and aspirations and the philosophical foundation of the policy arena.
Over Forty Years of Guidance Counselling: Specialist Teachers in New Zealand Secondary Schools 1959-2001
Authors: Besley Tina
Published: December 2017

This article provides a brief overview of forty years of guidance counselling in New Zealand secondary schools, at a time that has seen New Zealand move from a welfare state to a neoliberal one. By focussing primarily on official policy and its impact on the place of guidance counsellors, it identifies five phases in the development of this small, but important section of semi-visible “specialist teachers”. The article also provides a broad picture of the socio-political-historical contexts that supported the emergence of assisted pilot guidance counsellor schemes at the end of 1959, and their development so that there were permanent places in all secondary schools by 1988. It also indicates some of the threats in the neoliberal policy environment of the 1990s.
A Conversation on the Philosophy and Practice of Teaching Research in Maori and Pacific Education
Authors: Penetito Wally , Sanga Kabini
Published: December 2017

Research in Māori and Pacific education based on Māori and Pacific philosophies and practices is a new endeavour for tertiary institutions in New Zealand. In this article, the authors describe one such course which they teach to education masters’ students at Victoria University of Wellington. They argue that such courses must be concerned to address the philosophical bases of research at least as rigorously as the methods used to investigate matters of enquiry. It is claimed that Māori and Pacific peoples are demanding the sort of research that helps them to survive, to contribute, and “to be” in the world as Māori and Pacific peoples.
The Numeracy Development Project: Policy to Practice
Authors: Higgins Joanna , Parsons Ro , Hyland Malcolm
Published: December 2017

The Numeracy Development Project has been heralded as an example of successful transformation of policy to practice. Evidence of raised student achievement and improved teacher knowledge has been reported for three consecutive years for the Early and Advanced Numeracy Projects (see Thomas & Ward, 2001, 2002; Thomas, Tagg, & Ward, 2003; Higgins, 2001, 2002a, 2003a for a full account). Major factors in the success of the implementation of this policy include on-going evaluation, a developing research base from the findings, and the promotion of the concept of a learning community. This article is a descriptive analysis of the Numeracy Development Project using Rist’s (1998) framing of the policy process and Patton’s theory of utilisation-focused evaluation. It discusses the different interdependent and interrelated aspects of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation that comprise a dynamic approach to the policy process.
Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF): Policy and Practice
Authors: Hall Cedric , Matthews Kay Morris , Sawicka Theresa
Published: December 2017

This article examines the first cycle of the PBRF exercise. It critiques the policy and describes the system used to reach judgements about the respective research performance of tertiary institutions. It includes a description of one institution's response to the system, including the provisions introduced to obtain formative benefit out of what is essentially a summative evaluation process. The article comments on some of the issues that underpin the system, such as the workload and stress for staff in institutions, the potential negative impact on teaching, the harmful effects of classifying new researchers as “research inactive”, and the high compliance costs for institutions in operating the system. It also questions the absence of any real long-term analysis of the benefits of the PBRF. However, despite these criticisms, the conclusion is reached that the PBRF has been carefully designed and includes many features which reflect well on the validity and reliability of the information provided.
Peaceful Perspectives: Peace Education, Educating for Peace
Authors: Sellers Marg
Published: December 2017

Peace education was engendered by the Cold War, and with the thawing of East-West relations the educational interest in peace also dissipated. However, recent events have revoked the calm and initiated a global war against terrorism. In this paper I revisit the role of peace in education to rediscover and re-present how peaceful perspectives are inherent in learning and teaching. I outline a peaceful interpretation of the curriculum and suggest that a mandate for this perspective should be a priority.
Is Cinderella Back Among the Cinders? A Review of Early Childhood Education in the Early 1990s
Authors: Dalli Carmen
Published: December 2017

The nineties started out as a time of optimism for the early childhood education sector: the Before Five policies, including phased implementation of higher funding, had just come on stream; policies were put in place in the late 1980s to improve the quality of early childhood education and were coming to fruition. The 1991 budget dampened this optimism: early childhood funding was capped at 1990 levels and a period of retrenchment set in. This paper discusses early childhood education policies over the last three years and some of the issues that arise from these.
Suspensions and Expulsions in New Zealand State Schools
Authors: Casey Cathy
Published: December 2017

School suspensions have recently raised much public comment. Suspending a student’s education is the most serious disciplinary step that a principal and board of trustees can take. In this paper Cathy Casey enters the debate on school suspensions and expulsions. First, she examines the current statutory requirements on school principals and boards of trustees in state schools in suspending or expelling a student. She then analyses the latest available New Zealand figures on notified suspensions and expulsions. Noting the limitations imposed by the data, she identifies several alarming trends. Finally, she discusses some controversial suspension issues, including the use of the “kiwi suspension” and the ramifications of two recent legal challenges to suspensions in the High Court of New Zealand.
The Irony of Educational Review
Authors: Mckenzie David
Published: December 2017

It is argued that the increasing criticisms of the Education Review Office which have been voiced in 1994 owe their origin to the failure of the Picot Committee to grasp that a distanced review authority which is required to act judgementally will be unable to facilitate the co-operative activity that the process of educational review requires. It is proposed that the ERO structure be altered to encourage the incorporation of peer-review in the process.
Education, the Nation State and the Global Economy
Authors: Brown Phil , Lauder Hugh
Published: December 2017

There is a consensus amongst policy makers that education can provide the solution to the fundamental problem of liberal democracies – how to reconcile social justice with economic efficiency at a time when income and wealth are being polarised in Anglophone-dominated societies like Aotearoa New Zealand. This presents a paradox, since it is well understood that children living in poverty are likely to under-perform in education. Moreover, the standard explanation for the polarisation of income in terms of the global demand for skill is itself deficient. This paper explores the nature of this paradox, and the inadequate account given for polarisation of income, as a first step towards the development of an alternative agenda which is more likely to meet the goals of justice and efficiency in the context of the new global competition.
School Privatisation: A Review and Critique
Authors: Barrington John
Published: December 2017

While the marketisation of education has been the subject of considerable attention and often heated debate within the policy arena in New Zealand (Lauder et al., 1994) the issue of school privatisation has received relatively little attention. Undoubtedly at least part of the reason for this is that the proportion of pupils enrolled in private schools (currently 4%) remains small by international standards. However recent policy developments and advocacy of greater school privatisation by a variety of organisations foreshadow considerable pressures for further expansion of the private sector. A description and analysis of this trend and responses to it form the main focus of the paper.
Distance Education, Multimedia and the Internet
Authors: Wagner Graham , Jaquiery Errol
Published: December 2017

Multimedia approaches to distance education have been mooted for further development at a time when there is less government involvement in New Zealand education. The Internet is a likely resource for exploitation by distance education institutions. Not only does the Net appear to be a huge source of information for teachers and students, but it could also serve as a testing bed for multimedia teaching/learning applications. However, the use of the Internet involves connectivity, system familiarity, and social and cultural issues. Because of the need to resolve these issues, this paper reiterates the necessity for a comprehensive national distance education policy.
Quality Assurance and Audit in New Zealand Universities: A Review and Case Study
Authors: Codd John , Sullivan Keith
Published: December 2017

Along with other institutions of higher education, the New Zealand universities are responding to pressures for increased accountability by developing policies and procedures for the maintenance of quality assurance and control. This paper reviews these developments, with a particular focus on the role of the New Zealand Universities Academic Audit Unit (AAU). In the period February to August 1996, the first full academic audit was undertaken by the AAU at Victoria University of Wellington (VUW). Taking this as a case study, the paper examines some of the issues surrounding quality assurance and audit in higher education and presents a critical review of current directions.
The Education Review Office and South Auckland Schools: A Case of Ideology Over Analysis
Authors: Thrupp Martin
Published: December 2017

In recent years, there have been increasing demands, particularly from governments, for better information about the performance of schools. Performance indicators have been identified and adopted in many countries as a potential solution to the challenge of providing information which demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of schools and other education institutions. This article examines the notion of performance indicators, discusses their benefits and limitations, and identifies the characteristics of effective indicator systems. It describes and critically appraises the information and measurement systems that are currently used to assess the performance of New Zealand schools. Finally it considers whether indicators could be utilised more effectively not only to measure, but also to improve the performance of New Zealand schools.
The National Qualifications Framework in 1996 and Beyond: A Call for Reflection on the Nature of Outcomes-Based Education
Authors: Hall Cedric
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the concept of outcomes-based education, identified in the 1996 Report of the Tertiary Action Group, and underpinning the joint Ministry of Education and NZQA announcement that all provider qualifications be specified in terms of learning outcomes. It argues that the interpretation of an outcome cannot be separated from the educational processes that generate it. Furthermore, the point is made that students are likely to find information about the content and processes of a course just as useful for giving them a sense of direction for their learning as a statement of intended outcomes. Universities are cautioned that the outcomes-based model of education being promoted by the Ministry and NZQA might simply be a competency model in another guise.
The National Qualifications Framework Green Paper: What Future for the Framework?
Authors: Hall Cedric
Published: December 2017

This paper examines some of the proposals in the Government Green Paper A Future Qualifications Policy for New Zealand. An analysis of responses to the Green Paper indicates a strong division between those closely associated with industry training and those responsible for the provision of general and professional education. The position taken in this article is that the Green Paper is a major advance on the current National Qualifications Framework (NQF), but that the proposals are unlikely to be implemented successfully without greater mutual understanding between the different sectors (industry, schools, universities and other tertiary providers). The paper identifies 17 considerations that a new qualifications structure should address if it is to be implemented successfully. Of the models suggested in publicly available responses to the Green Paper, the one proposed by Smithers (1997) comes closest to addressing the concerns raised in this article.
A Critique of the Tertiary Education White Paper
Authors: Roberts Peter , Peters Michael A
Published: December 2017

This article provides a critical commentary on key features of the long-awaited White Paper on tertiary education (Ministry of Education, 1998). Released in November 1998, the White Paper confirms many of the predictions made in earlier analyses of the Tertiary Education Review Green Paper (Ministry of Education, 1997a). The authors argue that despite claims to the contrary in the document, the White Paper is driven by a privatisation agenda, as evidenced by the favouring of new government subsidies for private training establishments, the decline in EFTS-based research support for public institutions, the introduction of new capital charges, and significant changes in the composition and nature of university Councils. Most worrying of all is the potential for undermining academic freedom and institutional autonomy with the granting of important new powers to the Minister of Education. The almost complete absence of any substantial discussion of information technology issues, identified as a major weakness of the Tertiary Education Review Green Paper, is repeated in the White Paper. The authors conclude that the White Paper represents one of the final steps in a process of incremental neoliberal reform, paving the way, via a far-reaching set of policy and legislative changes, to a fully privatised, consumer-driven tertiary education system.
Future Directions: Shaping Early Childhood Education Policy for the 21st Century – A Personal Perspective
Authors: Wells Clare
Published: December 2017

The report of the Early Childhood Education Project Future Directions: Early Childhood Education in New Zealand was launched in September, 1996. The report “focuses on the structures and funding required to deliver high quality education services for young children” (Early Childhood Education Project, 1996a, p. 2). This article briefly describes the context within which the project was initiated. It outlines the aims of the project, the process undertaken to develop the report and highlights its key findings, goals and recommendations. This article sets out NZEI Te Riu Roa’s strategy in promoting the report and concludes with a broad overview of the impact of the report in shaping government policy direction.
The Special Education Grant: A Parent and Practitioner View of SE2000 Policy
Authors: Chatfield Margaret
Published: December 2017

The Special Education 2000 policy package (SE2000), introduced by the last National Government in 1996 and taken forward by the Coalition Government, makes provision for a Special Education Grant (SEG) to cater for children with moderate Special Education Needs (SEN). The policy is still in the process of being implemented, but questions are being raised as to whether it enables schools to best meet the needs of those students with moderate SEN, when this funding is also being used for those with high ongoing needs who are not eligible for other SE2000 interventions such as the Ongoing Resourcing Scheme (ORS). Conclusions reached in this review suggest that the SEG poses difficulties for school communities in resourcing children with SEN equitably, because the policy allows different interpretations by stakeholders, both with regard to the identification of the target population and the use of the funding obtained.
Constructing Technology Education: Questions of Purpose and Fit
Authors: Davies Janet
Published: December 2017

The technology curriculum comes into effect this year, designed to make school leavers innovators for the future. Teaching and learning is to be built around technological problem-solving as a “purposeful activity” where “fitness for purpose” is the criterion of success. This paper questions the goal of preparing students to become innovators for a future conceptualised in terms of current ideology, namely, national competition in a global market, and asks whether classroom activities that reflect current technological practice fit even this purpose. It suggests that in a late industrial society, fast becoming a “risk” society, understanding of the role of social organisation and cultural values in technological change is the primary goal, and critical technological literacy the means of its realisation. The paper examines the origins of the technology curriculum, both educational and political, the development and nature of the curriculum statement, and the progress to date of curriculum implementation in schools.
National Certificate of Educational Achievement: Issues of Reliability, Validity and Manageability
Authors: Hall Cedric
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the implications of the NCEA approach to standards-based assessment, in particular the reliability of assessment against separate achievement standards, and the pedagogical implications of the policy of non-aggregation. The paper argues that assessment against separate standards is unlikely to yield sufficiently reliable results to satisfy public credibility, and that the same focus is likely to foster a “bricks without mortar” approach to course design, delivery and assessment. The paper also argues that the NCEA involves manageability issues similar to that of unit standards. The recommendation is made that the designers of the NCEA rethink the basis by which internal and external assessments could be blended within a standards-based system so that the strengths of each approach to assessment are emphasised.