bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cemeteries and graveyards as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria: a review
Authors: Tarnawska Patrycja , Walczak Maciej , Burkowska-But Aleksandra
Published: September 2023

The discovery of antibiotics remains one of the greatest achievements of the last century. Unfortunately, due to their overuse and misuse, the occurrence of resistance to antibiotics has become one of the most pressing dilemmas for human public health. Many sources of antibiotic resistance are known, including agriculture, animal husbandry, hospitals, sewage treatment plants, and potentially, cemetery soil. There is lack of sufficient evidence on the contribution of the cemetery soil in the introduction of antibiotic resistance into the environment; therefore, this issue needs to be explored. Here, we review the most important pathways for the transfer of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and their genes and the main factors influencing the spreading efficiency. Unlike other studies on this subject, the article focuses on an area that seems to be overlooked, the cemetery soil environment. The presented data highlight the importance of cemetery soil in the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and their genes into the environment, which may help identify appropriate solutions to combat this problem more effectively. In addition, the review describes their potential importance in the escalation of the antibiotic resistance phenomenon, along with different methods of combating antimicrobial resistance.
Identification and characterisation of a major outer membrane protein from Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV
Authors: Liu Changqing , Mesman Rob , Pol Arjan , Angius Federica , Op den Camp Huub J. M.
Published: September 2023

The outer membrane (OM) protects Gram-negative bacteria against a hostile environment. The proteins embedded in the OM fulfil a number of tasks that are crucial to the bacterial cell. In this study, we identified and characterised a major outer membrane protein (WP_009059494) from Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV. PRED-TMBB and AlphaFold2 predicted this protein to form a porin with a β-barrel structure consisting of ten antiparallel β-sheets and with a small amphipathic N-terminal α-helix in the periplasm. We purified soluble recombinant protein WP_009059494 from E. coli using Tris–HCl buffer with SDS. Antibodies were raised against two peptides in the two large extracellular loops of protein WP_009059494 and immunogold localisation showed this protein to be mainly present in the OM of strain SolV. In addition, this protein is tightly associated with the OM, and is resistant to extraction. Only a small amount can be isolated from the cell envelope using harsh conditions (SDS and boiling). Despite this resistance to extraction, WP_009059494 most likely is an outer membrane protein. A regular lattice could not be detected by negative staining TEM of strain SolV and isolated protein WP_009059494. Considering the specific ecological niche of strain SolV living in a geothermal environment with low pH and high temperatures, this major protein WP_009059494 may act as barrier to resist the extreme conditions found in its natural environment. In addition, we found an absence of the BamB, BamC and BamE proteins of the canonical BAM complex, in Methylacidiphilum and Methylacidimicrobium species. This suggests that these bacteria use a simple BAM complex for folding and transport of OM proteins.
The Spherical Parametrisation for Correlation Matrices and its Computational Advantages
Authors: Lucchetti Riccardo , Pedini Luca
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we analyse the computational advantages of the spherical parametrisation for correlation matrices in the context of Maximum Likelihood estimation via numerical optimisation. By using the special structure of correlation matrices, it is possible to define a bijective transformation of an $$n \times n$$

n
×
n

correlation matrix $$R$$
R
into a vector of $$n(n-1)/2$$

n
(
n
-
1
)
/
2

angles between 0 and $$\pi$$
π
. After discussing the algebraic aspects of the problem, we provide examples of the use of the technique we propose in popular econometric models: the multivariate DCC-GARCH model, widely used in applied finance for large-scale problems, and the multivariate probit model, for which the computation of the likelihood is typically accomplished by simulated Maximum Likelihood. Our analysis reveals the conditions when the spherical parametrisation is advantageous; numerical optimisation algorithms are often more robust and efficient, especially when R is large and near-singular.
Saturating systems and the rank-metric covering radius
Authors: Bonini Matteo , Borello Martino , Byrne Eimear
Published: September 2023

We introduce the concept of a rank-saturating system and outline its correspondence to a rank-metric code with a given covering radius. We consider the problem of finding the value of$$s_{q^m/q}(k,\rho )$$sqm/q(k,ρ), which is the minimum$$\mathbb {F}_q$$Fq-dimension of aq-system in$$\mathbb {F}_{q^m}^k$$Fqmkthat is rank-$$\rho $$ρ-saturating. This is equivalent to the covering problem in the rank metric. We obtain upper and lower bounds on$$s_{q^m/q}(k,\rho )$$sqm/q(k,ρ)and evaluate it for certain values ofkand$$\rho $$ρ. We give constructions of rank-$$\rho $$ρ-saturating systems suggested from geometry.
Momentary PERMA: An Adapted Measurement Tool for Studying Well-Being in Daily Life
Authors: Heshmati Saeideh , Kibrislioglu Uysal Nermin , Kim Sharon H. , Oravecz Zita , Donaldson Stewart I.
Published: September 2023

PERMA is a multidimensional framework that explains well-being through five hedonic and eudaimonic psychological elements–Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment. Soon after the PERMA framework was proposed, PERMA-Profiler was introduced as a validated assessment tool for measuring these five elements of well-being from a global perspective. The current study aimed to shed further light onto the measurement of PERMA elements, extending it beyond global evaluations, to daily life assessments and the examination of individual differences in their dynamic characteristics. We introduce mPERMA (momentary PERMA), as an EMA-adapted version of the PERMA-Profiler measure, to assess well-being in daily life. Using data collected in an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study (N = 160), we first demonstrate the factor structure of mPERMA through a multilevel factor analysis and next examine within-person means and the dynamics of change (e.g., intra-individual variability) in the PERMA elements. Findings revealed that mPERMA displays convergent validity with two global measures of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, namely Flourishing and Subjective Well-Being. Moreover, dynamical characteristics of the five elements of well-being measured over time, map onto their corresponding hedonic or eudaimonic global measures of well-being. Results of this paper present how dynamical features of well-being in daily life provide novel insights into predicting global well-being.
Investigating the Effect of Substituting a Single Cysteine Residue on the Thermal Stability of an Engineered Sweet Protein, Single-Chain Monellin
Authors: Ohnuma Kyosuke , Yamashita Atsuko , Yasui Norihisa
Published: September 2023

Single-chain monellin (SCM) is an engineered protein that links the two chains of monellin, a naturally sweet-tasting protein. This protein is an attractive candidate for use as a sugar replacement in food and beverages and has numerous other applications. Therefore, generating SCM mutants with improved stability is an active area of research to broaden the range of its potential applications. In this study, we focused on the Cys41 residue of SCM, which is a single cysteine residue present at a structurally important position. This residue is often substituted with Ser. However, this substitution may destabilize SCM because Cys41 is buried in the hydrophobic core of the protein. Therefore, we designed mutants that substituted Ala, Val, and Leu for this residue, namely C41A, C41V, and C41L. We characterized these three mutants, SCM C41S, and wild type (WT). Differential scanning fluorimetric analysis revealed that substituting Cys41 with Ala or Val increased the thermal stability of SCM, while substitution with Ser or Leu decreased its stability. Determination of the crystal structures of SCM C41A and C41V mutants revealed that the overall structures and main chain structures around the 41st residue of both mutants were almost identical to the WT. On the other hand, the orientations of the amino acid side chains near the 41st residue differed among the SCM variants. Taken together, our results indicate that substituting Cys41 with Ala or Val increases the stability of SCM and provide insight into the structural basis of this improvement.
Is Geographical Mobility Beneficial? The Impact of the South-to-North Internal Migration on Occupational Achievement in Italy
Authors: Panichella Nazareno , Cantalini Stefano
Published: September 2023

Geographical mobility plays a crucial role in shaping demographic and social change, yet few studies have examined its impact on occupational success and the transmission of social inequality across generations. This study aims to investigate the effect of internal migration on occupational status in Italy, exploring whether men and women experience a benefit or disadvantage from South-to-North migration, and if this effect is influenced by family status and social class of origin. The research is based on the Italian Household Longitudinal Survey and utilizes a set of fixed effects linear regression panel models combined with Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM). Results show that only men benefit from migration, while women experience a disadvantage, which increases when they move after union formation and the transition to parenthood. Furthermore, the impact of geographical mobility on occupational status varies based on social class of origin only for men, with those from higher classes experiencing a much greater migration benefit than those from medium and lower classes. These findings demonstrate that geographical mobility serves as an additional source of advantage for individuals from higher social classes. The positive effect on male occupational success compounds with family-related benefits, further widening social disparities between individuals in different social strata.
Deep learning techniques for in-crop weed recognition in large-scale grain production systems: a review
Authors: Hu Kun , Wang Zhiyong , Coleman Guy , Bender Asher , Yao Tingting , Zeng Shan , Song Dezhen , Schumann Arnold , Walsh Michael
Published: September 2023

Weeds are a significant threat to agricultural productivity and the environment. The increasing demand for sustainable weed control practices has driven innovative developments in alternative weed control technologies aimed at reducing the reliance on herbicides. The barrier to adoption of these technologies for selective in-crop use is availability of suitably effective weed recognition. With the great success of deep learning in various vision tasks, many promising image-based weed detection algorithms have been developed. This paper reviews recent developments of deep learning techniques in the field of image-based weed detection. The review begins with an introduction to the fundamentals of deep learning related to weed detection. Next, recent advancements in deep weed detection are reviewed with the discussion of the research materials including public weed datasets. Finally, the challenges of developing practically deployable weed detection methods are summarized, together with the discussions of the opportunities for future research. We hope that this review will provide a timely survey of the field and attract more researchers to address this inter-disciplinary research problem.
Emerging alternatives to traditional anthelmintics: the in vitro antiparasitic activity of silver and selenium nanoparticles, and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract against Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Kaiaty Ahmed M. , Salib Fayez A. , El-Gameel Sohila M. , Abdel Massieh Emil S. , Hussien Ahmed M. , Kamel Mohamed S.
Published: September 2023

Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes, causing health problems and economic losses in ruminants. Nanotechnology holds great promise as a field of science, with potential applications in veterinary medicine. This study investigated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), and pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum; PPE) on different stages of H. contortus: eggs, larvae, and adults. The in vitro anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated using the egg hatching inhibition assay (EHA), the third larval stage paralysis assay (LPA), and the adult worm motility inhibition assay (WMI). Six dilutions of PPE were utilized for EHA, LPA, and WMI, ranging from 0.25 to 6 mg/ml. AgNPs dilutions ranged from 0.00001 to 1.0 μg/ml for EHA and LPA and 1 to 25 μg/ml for WMI. SeNPs were utilized at dilutions of 1, 5, 10, and 15 μg/ml for EHA, LPA, and WMI. The results showed that the lowest concentration of AgNPs, SeNPs, and PPE significantly inhibited egg hatching. To further assess larvicidal activity, AgNPs at the highest concentration of 1 μg/ml induced a strong larvicidal effect, as did SeNPs at the lowest concentration. On the contrary, PPE displayed a significant larvicidal effect at 1 mg/ml compared to the control. The percentage mortality of adult H. contortus was measured as follows (mortality (%) = the number of dead adult H. contortus/total number of adult H. contortus per test × 100). The death of the adult H. contortus was determined by the absence of motility. Adult H. contortus mortality percentage was also significantly affected by all three agents when compared to the control. The AgNPs, SeNPs, and PPE have effective antiparasitic activity on gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. These results provide evidence of the excellent antiparasitic properties of AgNPs, SeNPs, and PPE, demonstrating their effectiveness in controlling eggs, larvae, and adult H. contortus in vitro.
Bridging communities and schools in Urban development: community and citizen science
Authors: Magnussen Rikke , Hod Yotam
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the results of two community and citizen science research projects – Cities at Play and Community Drive – in which young students (aged 11–15) from vulnerable residential areas in Copenhagen, Denmark, collaborated with architects and urban developers to engage in urban development initiatives in their neighborhoods. An educational design was developed over the two research projects in which students underwent phases of discovery, interpretation, ideation, and experimentation. Data were collected from surveys, observations, and interviews to elucidate the ways that three bridges central to community and citizen science projects can function. These include professional (bridges student learning in school and professional communities outside school), citizen (bridges student learning in school and local communities), and student (bridges student learning in school and new student communities) bridges. This research makes both theoretical and practical advancements. Theoretically, it advances our thinking about the diverse roles that participants in multi-sector partnerships can have, as well as how CCS widens the view of cultural asset-based learning by viewing students as experts of their local communities. Practically, we offer four guidelines that were gleaned from the results that can be instructive for the design of future educational community and citizen science projects.
The ecosystem services supplied by urban green infrastructure depend on their naturalness, functionality and imperviousness
Authors: Hanna Elie , Bruno Daniel , Comín Francisco A.
Published: September 2023

Urban green infrastructure (UGI) can provide key ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. For this purpose, it is critical to ascertain which characteristics regulate the provision of ES by UGI. In this study, eight ES (water supply, water regulation, waste regulation, nutrient regulation, soil formation, carbon sequestration, air temperature regulation and air humidity regulation) of thirty UGI sites of Zaragoza (Spain), were evaluated using proxy indicators derived from analyzed soil samples, and in-situ measured air temperature and humidity. A principal component analysis was performed to group different ES, and to study the dispersion of different types of UGI along the distinct ES. Additionally, relationships, between the evaluated ES and predictors; flatness, imperviousness, regularity, naturalness and functioning of the UGI sites were studied through linear and quadratic regressions. Large UGI sites such as riparian zones, meanders and natural forests showed relatively high values of ES in contrast with more artificial sites. Moreover, the study showed that water supply, water regulation, soil formation, carbon sequestration and air temperature regulation were significantly and positively related to ecological naturalness and functioning, while imperviousness was the main predictor explaining the reduction of five ES. Our findings provide evidence for the existence of important interactions between predictor variables and ES in UGI. It also showed that the provision of urban ES can be improved expanding the variety and type of green infrastructure sites, decreasing impervious area, and increasing the naturalness and functioning of UGI.
Anticoccidial activity of Aloe Vera Leafs’ aqueous extract and vaccination against Eimeria tenella: pathological study in broilers
Authors: Hassan Shahenaz M.H. , Zayeda Rasha , Elakany H. , Badr Sohair , Abou-Rawash A. , Abd-Ellatieff Hoda
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an anticoccidial vaccine and the anticoccidial activity of Aloe vera in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella (E. tenella). A total of 225 healthy, sexless, one-day-old broiler chicks (avian48) from a commercial broiler company were randomized into nine experimental groups of 25 chicks. The groups were as follows: Group 1 (control, vaccinated, non-infected), Group 2 (vaccinated and infected with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts), Group 3 (vaccinated, infected with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts, and treated with Aloe vera), Group 4 (infected with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts and treated with Aloe vera), Group 5 (positive control, infected with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts), Group 6 (challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts and then treated with amprolium), Group 7 (treated with amprolium), Group 8 (blank control negative group), and Group 9 (treated with Aloe vera gel).

Various parameters were evaluated, including clinical signs, growth performance, oocyst shedding, hematological and immunological parameters, and pathological lesion scoring. The results demonstrated that Aloe vera improved growth performance, reduced oocyst shedding, and decreased caecal lesion scores in E. Tenella-infected broiler chicks. The use of Aloe vera in combination with either amprolium or anticoccidial vaccines provided a potential solution to the issues of drug resistance and drug residues.

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights regarding the control of coccidiosis in broilers. Supplementing the chicken diet with Aloe vera had beneficial effects on the pathogenicity and infectivity of E. tenella, making it a cost-effective alternative as an herbal extract with no adverse side effects for coccidiosis control. These findings suggest that Aloe vera can be considered a potential candidate for inclusion in broiler diets for effective coccidiosis control.
Nach der Aufdeckung von Gewalt
Authors: Henn Sarah
Published: September 2023

Der Beitrag geht anhand einer Fallstudie der Frage nach, wie nach der Aufdeckung von Gewalt in einer stationären Einrichtung für Menschen mit Behinderung Supervision einen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Aufarbeitung leisten kann. Es werden Spaltungstendenzen und ihre Genese in der Geschichte der Organisation analysiert und die Rolle der Supervisorin reflektiert. Die Darstellung folgt der Prozessentwicklung und den anschließenden Reflexionen, die in der Diagnose eines Modernisierungskonflikts münden. Im Fazit wird erläutert, warum Supervision nur einen eingeschränkten Beitrag zur Aufarbeitung von Gewalt in Institutionen leisten kann, wenn sie diesen Auftrag nicht explizit hat.
Human Amygdala Volumetric Patterns Convergently Evolved in Cooperatively Breeding and Domesticated Species
Authors: Cerrito Paola , Burkart Judith M.
Published: September 2023

The amygdala is a hub in brain networks that supports social life and fear processing. Compared with other apes, humans have a relatively larger lateral nucleus of the amygdala, which is consistent with both the self-domestication and the cooperative breeding hypotheses of human evolution. Here, we take a comparative approach to the evolutionary origin of the relatively larger lateral amygdala nucleus in humans. We carry out phylogenetic analysis on a sample of 17 mammalian species for which we acquired single amygdala nuclei volumetric data. Our results indicate that there has been convergent evolution toward larger lateral amygdala nuclei in both domesticated and cooperatively breeding mammals. These results suggest that changes in processing fearful stimuli to reduce fear-induced aggression, which are necessary for domesticated and cooperatively breeding species alike, tap into the same neurobiological proximate mechanism. However, humans show changes not only in processing fearful stimuli but also in proactive prosociality. Since cooperative breeding, but not domestication, is also associated with increased proactive prosociality, a prominent role of the former during human evolution is more parsimonious, whereas self-domestication may have been involved as an additional stepping stone.
The Central Limit Theorem for Markov Processes that are Exponentially Ergodic in the Bounded-Lipschitz Norm
Authors: Czapla Dawid , Horbacz Katarzyna , Wojewódka-Ściążko Hanna
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we establish a version of the central limit theorem for Markov–Feller continuous time processes (with a Polish state space) that are exponentially ergodic in the bounded-Lipschitz distance and enjoy a continuous form of the Foster–Lyapunov condition. As an example, we verify the assumptions of our main result for a specific piecewise-deterministic Markov process, whose deterministic component evolves according to continuous semiflows, switched randomly at the jump times of a Poisson process.
Preoperative serum cortisone levels are associated with cognition in preschool-aged children with tetralogy of Fallot after corrective surgery: new evidence from human populations and mice
Authors: Ma Si-Yu , Liu Yu-Ting , Cun Yue-Shuang , Wang Qiang , Fu Ming-Cui , Wu Ke-De , Cai Xin-Yu , Cheng Shu-Ting , Patel Nishant , Da Min , Hu Liang , Deqin Zhuoga , Kang Xue-Jun , Yang Ming , Mo Xu-Ming
Published: September 2023

Background

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Children with TOF would be confronted with neurological impairment across their lifetime. Our study aimed to identify the risk factors for cerebral morphology changes and cognition in postoperative preschool-aged children with TOF.

Methods

We used mass spectrometry (MS) technology to assess the levels of serum metabolites, Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-Fourth edition (WPPSI-IV) index scores to evaluate neurodevelopmental levels and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect cortical morphological changes.

Results

Multiple linear regression showed that preoperative levels of serum cortisone were positively correlated with the gyrification index of the left inferior parietal gyrus in children with TOF and negatively related to their lower visual spaces index and nonverbal index. Meanwhile, preoperative SpO2 was negatively correlated with levels of serum cortisone after adjusting for all covariates. Furthermore, after intervening levels of cortisone in chronic hypoxic model mice, total brain volumes were reduced at both postnatal (P) 11.5 and P30 days.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that preoperative serum cortisone levels could be used as a biomarker of neurodevelopmental impairment in children with TOF. Our study findings emphasized that preoperative levels of cortisone could influence cerebral development and cognition abilities in children with TOF.
Improving the TIR3B oncological stratification: try to bridge the gap through a comprehensive presurgical algorithm
Authors: Sparano C. , Puccioni M. , Adornato V. , Zago E. , Fibbi B. , Badii B. , Bencini L. , Mannelli G. , Vezzosi V. , Maggi M. , Petrone L.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Indeterminate cytology still puzzles clinicians, due to its wide range of oncological risks. According to the Italian SIAPEC–IAP classification, TIR3B cytology holds up to 30% of thyroid cancer, which justifies the surgical indication, even if more than half of cases do not result in a positive histology. The study aim is to identify potential clinical, ultrasound or cytological features able to improve the surgical indication.

Methods

Retrospective analysis. A consecutive series of TIR3B nodules referred to the Endocrine Unit of Careggi Hospital from 1st May 2014 to 31st December 2021 was considered for the exploratory analysis (Phase 1). Thereafter, a smaller confirmatory sample of consecutive TIR3B diagnosed and referred to surgery from 1st January 2022 to 31st June 2022 was considered to verify the algorithm (Phase 2). The main clinical, ultrasound and cytological features have been collected. A comprehensive stepwise logistic regression was applied to build a prediction algorithm. The histological results represented the final outcome.

Results

Of 599 TIR3B nodules referred to surgery, 451 cases were included in the exploratory analysis. A final score > 14.5 corresponded to an OR = 4.98 (95% CI 3.24–7.65, p < 0.0001) and showed a PPV and NPV of 57% and 79%, respectively. The Phase 2 analysis on a confirmatory sample of 58 TIR3B cytology confirmed that a threshold of 14.5 points has a comparable PPV and NPV of 53% and 80%, respectively.

Conclusions

A predictive algorithm which considers the main clinical, US and cytological features can significantly improve the oncological stratification of TIR3B cytology.
Urticaria in childhood—what’s new?
Authors: Brehler Ann-Christin E. , Bauer Andrea , Wedi Bettina
Published: September 2023

Urticaria can manifest at any age, including infants and young children. Urticaria is one of the most prevalent skin diseases in childhood. As in adults, a distinction is made between acute and chronic urticaria, with chronic urticaria further classified into chronic spontaneous urticaria and inducible urticaria. According to the current German S3 guideline for classification, diagnosis, and treatment of urticaria, existing literature suggests that the prevalence, disease characteristics, causes, and also the response to treatment are very similar in children and adults. The clinical hallmark of urticaria is the subjective sensation of itch. In young children who may have difficulty expressing itching, it is crucial to observe their scratching behavior during clinical examinations. Particularly in children, mastocytosis and autoinflammatory syndromes (cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes [CAPS], especially Muckle–Wells syndrome and childhood Still’s disease) are important differential diagnoses. Autoinflammatory syndromes are characterized by additional symptoms such as fever, bone pain, muscle pain, and joint complaints. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes usually manifest in infancy, so that these diseases must be considered, especially if cold-associated urticarial skin lesions are present. Appropriate and early treatment can prevent serious sequelae. In maculopapular mastocytosis (urticaria pigmentosa), reddish macules are characteristic for the disease; especially after elicitation of the Darier’s sign, differentiation from urticaria can be difficult, but the macules are permanent. Clinically, wheals and/or angioedema are found similarly to adults, indicating that mast cell-induced angioedema is also associated with childhood urticaria. In the case of exclusive angioedema, hereditary angioedema must also be considered, which usually manifests for the first time during puberty, often linked to hormone preparation usage.
On $$SL(2,{\mathbb {C}})$$-representations of torus knot groups
Authors: Mira-Albanés Jhon Jader , Rodríguez-Nieto José Gregorio , Salazar-Díaz Olga Patricia
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to study the algebraic structure of the space $$R(\Gamma _{n,m})$$

R
(

Γ

n
,
m

)

of representations of the torus knot groups, $$\Gamma _{n,m}=\left\langle x,y:x^{n}=y^{m}\right\rangle$$

Γ

n
,
m

=

x
,
y
:

x
n

=

y
m

, into the linear special group $$SL(2,{\mathbb {C}})$$

S
L
(
2
,
C
)

.
Regulation of a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase MdPH5 by MdMYB73 and its role in malate accumulation and vacuolar acidification
Authors: Huang Xiao-Yu , Xiang Ying , Zhao Yu-Wen , Wang Chu-Kun , Wang Jia-Hui , Wang Wen-Yan , Liu Xiao-Long , Sun Quan , Hu Da-Gang
Published: September 2023

As the main organic acid in fruits, malate is produced in the cytoplasm and is then transported into the vacuole. It accumulates by vacuolar proton pumps, transporters, and channels, affecting the taste and flavor of fruits. Among the three types of proton pumps (V-ATPases, V-PPases, and P-ATPases), the P-ATPases play an important role in the transport of malate into vacuoles. In this study, the transcriptome data, collected at different stages after blooming and during storage, were analyzed and the results demonstrated that the expression of MdPH5, a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase, was associated with both pre- and post-harvest malate contents. Moreover, MdPH5 is localized at the tonoplast and regulates malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. In addition, MdMYB73, an upstream MYB transcription factor of MdPH5, directly binds to its promoter, thereby transcriptionally activating its expression and enhancing its activity. In this way, MdMYB73 can also affect malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. Overall, this study clarifies how MdMYB73 and MdPH5 act to regulate vacuolar malate transport systems, thereby affecting malate accumulation and vacuolar pH.
Thinking and Deciding
Authors: Baron Jonathan
Published: September 2023

The fifth edition of the classic text Thinking and Deciding updates the broad overview of the field of judgments and decisions offered in previous editions. It covers the normative standards used to evaluate conclusions, such as logic, probability, and various forms of utility theory. It explains descriptive accounts of departures from these standards, largely in terms of principles of cognitive psychology, emphasizing the distinction between search processes and inferences. Chapters cover decisions under risk, decision analysis, moral decisions and social dilemmas, and decisions about the future. Although the book assumes no particular prerequisites beyond introductory high-school algebra, it is most suited to advanced undergraduates, early graduate students, and active researchers in related fields, such as business, politics, law, medicine, economics, and philosophy.
Self-Determination and Secession: Why Nations Are Special
Authors: Maguire Ruairi
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I consider the objection that unilateral secession by a national group (e.g., the Scots) from a legitimate, nonusurping state would wrong minority nationalities within the seceding territory. I show first that most proponents of this objection assume that the ground of the right to national self-determination is the protection of the group’s culture. I show that there are alternative justifications available. I then set out a version of this objection that does not rely on this claim; on this objection, a national minority that seceded and created its own state would commit an expressive wrong against minorities within the territory over which it claimed jurisdiction. I show that this objection is undermotivated: only under a specific set of circumstances would the minorities of the secessionist region be subject to an expressive wrong. Finally, I show that the correct way to think about the claims of minorities in secessionist regions is in terms of a claim to secure access to equal civic status such that they are not at risk of becoming justifiably alienated from their new state. If a secessionist group cannot provide this guarantee to the minority residents of their territory, then their seceding would commit wrongful harm, and the presumption in favour of collective autonomy is defeated. I call this defeater the ‘Alienation Defeater.’

With this in hand, we are now in a position to explain why nations are normatively special. Responding to the objections broached by Allen Buchanan and others, I show that even if other kinds of groups, such as religious groups, have the features in virtue of which nations have a claim to self-determination, this does not entail that those groups also have the right to secede. This is because an account of self-determination needs a list of ‘defeaters’—features in virtue of which a group’s claim to self-determination is defeated. I argue that religious groups are the strongest candidate for having a claim to collective autonomy in virtue of sharing many features with nations. I then argue that religious groups will run afoul of the Alienation Defeater; religious identity is too narrow to be the basis of the dominant collective identity of a state. This does not apply to nationality. This, I explain, is because of qualitative differences between religious groups, qua religious groups, and nations.
Finite Froude and Rossby numbers counter-rotating vortex pairs
Authors: Reinaud Jean N.
Published: September 2023

We investigate the nonlinear evolution of pairs of three-dimensional, equal-sized and opposite-signed vortices at finite Froude and Rossby numbers. The two vortices may be offset in the vertical direction. The initial conditions stem from relative equilibria obtained numerically in the quasi-geostrophic regime, for vanishing Froude and Rossby numbers. We first address the linear stability of the quasi-geostrophic opposite-signed pairs of vortices, and show that for all vertical offsets, the vortices are sensitive to an instability when close enough together. In the nonlinear regime, the instability may lead to the partial destruction of the vortices. We then address the nonlinear interaction of the vortices for various values of the Rossby number. We show that as the Rossby number increases, destructive interactions, where the vortices break into pieces, may occur for a larger separation between the vortices, compared to the quasi-geostrophic case. We also show that for well-separated vortices, the interaction is non-destructive, and ageostrophic effects lead to the deviation of the trajectory of the pair of vortices, as the anticyclonic vortex dominates the interaction. Finally, we show that the flow remains remarkably close to a balanced state, emitting only waves containing negligible energy, even when the interaction leads to the destruction of the vortices.
Mental health in society’s margins: poor n-3 PUFA intake and psychological well-being of homeless youth
Authors: Dunn Sarah Beth , Orchard Tonya S. , Andridge Rebecca , Rymut Susan M. , Slesnick Natasha , Hatsu Irene E.
Published: September 2023

Dietary intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA), particularly EPA and DHA, has been associated with psychological well-being, but little is known about the n-3 PUFA intake of homeless youth. The current study determined the association between depression and anxiety symptoms and n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocytes status in homeless youth. Totally, 114 homeless youth aged 18–24 years were recruited from a drop-in centre. n-3 PUFA dietary intake was assessed using an FFQ, and erythrocytes status was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between psychological well-being and n-3 PUFA intake and status. The mean intakes of EPA and DHA for all participants (0·06 ± 0·13 g/d and 0·11 ± 0·24 g/d) were well below recommended levels, and mean erythrocytes EPA + DHA (n-3 index) in the cohort (2·42 %) was lower than reported for healthy, housed adolescents and those with clinical depression. There was no association of n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocytes status with either depression or anxiety. However, the relationships of depression with dietary EPA (P = 0·017) and DHA (P = 0·008), as well as erythrocytes DHA (P = 0·007) and n 3-index (P = 0·009), were significantly moderated by sex even after adjusting for confounders. Specifically, among females, as the intake and status of these n-3 PUFA decreased, depression increased. Our findings show poor dietary intake and low erythrocytes status of n-3 PUFA among homeless youth, which is associated with depressive symptoms among females.
Advanced Practice Nursing im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Ledtermann Ivonne , Rached Imane Henni , Kloos Victoria-Fabiola
Published: September 2023

Was ist zu dem Thema bekannt?

Eine Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) zeichnet sich durch Spezialisierung, Vertiefung und Wissenschaft aus. Internationale Studien zeigen die Wirksamkeit von akademisierten Pflegefachpersonen. Bisher bestehen keine eindeutigen und einheitlichen Rollenprofile für Absolvent_innen.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Der Artikel versucht einen Überblick über APN im deutschsprachigen Raum aus der Literatur zu generieren und eine Zusammenfassung vorzunehmen. Diese Zusammenfassung kann für weiterführende Überlegungen im Hinblick auf zukünftige APN-Rollenprofile dienen.

Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis?

Die Entwicklung und Implementierung von APN-Rollenprofilen unterscheiden sich im deutschsprachigen Raum. Dadurch kann eine erste Annäherung einer kritisch-konstruktiven Diskussion über Chancen und Herausforderungen der psychiatrischen Versorgung angeregt werden.
Arctic Permafrost Thawing Enhances Sulfide Oxidation
Authors: Kemeny Preston Cosslett , Li Gen K. , Douglas Madison , Berelson William , Chadwick Austin J. , Dalleska Nathan F. , Lamb Michael P. , Larsen William , Magyar John S. , Rollins Nick E. , Rowland Joel , Smith M. Isabel , Torres Mark A. , Webb Samuel M. , Fischer Woodward W. , West A. Joshua
Published: September 2023

Permafrost degradation is altering biogeochemical processes throughout the Arctic. Thaw‐induced changes in organic matter transformations and mineral weathering reactions are impacting fluxes of inorganic carbon (IC) and alkalinity (ALK) in Arctic rivers. However, the net impact of these changing fluxes on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (pCO2) is relatively unconstrained. Resolving this uncertainty is important as thaw‐driven changes in the fluxes of IC and ALK could produce feedbacks in the global carbon cycle. Enhanced production of sulfuric acid through sulfide oxidation is particularly poorly quantified despite its potential to remove ALK from the ocean‐atmosphere system and increase pCO2, producing a positive feedback leading to more warming and permafrost degradation. In this work, we quantified weathering in the Koyukuk River, a major tributary of the Yukon River draining discontinuous permafrost in central Alaska, based on water and sediment samples collected near the village of Huslia in summer 2018. Using measurements of major ion abundances and sulfate () sulfur (34S/32S) and oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratios, we employed the MEANDIR inversion model to quantify the relative importance of a suite of weathering processes and their net impact on pCO2. Calculations found that approximately 80% of in mainstem samples derived from sulfide oxidation with the remainder from evaporite dissolution. Moreover, 34S/32S ratios, 13C/12C ratios of dissolved IC, and sulfur X‐ray absorption spectra of mainstem, secondary channel, and floodplain pore fluid and sediment samples revealed modest degrees of microbial sulfate reduction within the floodplain. Weathering fluxes of ALK and IC result in lower values of pCO2 over timescales shorter than carbonate compensation (∼104 yr) and, for mainstem samples, higher values of pCO2 over timescales longer than carbonate compensation but shorter than the residence time of marine (∼107 yr). Furthermore, the absolute concentrations of and Mg2+ in the Koyukuk River, as well as the ratios of and Mg2+ to other dissolved weathering products, have increased over the past 50 years. Through analogy to similar trends in the Yukon River, we interpret these changes as reflecting enhanced sulfide oxidation due to ongoing exposure of previously frozen sediment and changes in the contributions of shallow and deep flow paths to the active channel. Overall, these findings confirm that sulfide oxidation is a substantial outcome of permafrost degradation and that the sulfur cycle responds to permafrost thaw with a timescale‐dependent feedback on warming.
Streamflow Composition and Water “Imbalance” in the Northern Himalayas
Authors: Fan Linfeng , Kuang Xingxing , Or Dani , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: September 2023

The Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) is the largest river in the northern Himalayas, providing crucial water resources for downstream. A full understanding of the streamflow dynamics and regional water budget is critical to secure water security of the Himalayan water tower. Here we establish a comprehensive hydrological model to simulate the precipitation‐runoff‐evapotranspiration‐groundwater‐streamflow complex in the YZR basin. We decipher contributions of different water sources (e.g., precipitation, meltwater, groundwater) to YZR's streamflow and estimate that groundwater sustains ∼36% of annual streamflow in the YZR, while precipitation and melt surface runoff contribute 40% and 24%, respectively. Combining modeling, observation and reanalysis data, our results reveal a water “imbalance” that ∼31% of annual precipitation and meltwater (∼333 mm yr−1 or ∼85 km3 yr−1) is unaccounted for in the YZR basin. We propose that the “excess water” discharges to deep fractured bedrock aquifers, which is promoted by widespread permeable active structures (e.g., faults, fractures). This hypothesis is supported by groundwater storage (GWS) estimates where inclusion of the deep groundwater bridges the discrepancy between baseflow‐derived (shallow) GWS and those derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite data. The deep groundwater most likely flows across basins, bypasses streams, and finally discharges to downstream aquifers in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain as mountain block recharge. This study not only provides a comprehensive analysis of the streamflow composition in the YZR, but also contributes to shaping a more complete picture of the functionality of the Himalayan water tower, highlighting the importance of groundwater in regional water transfers.
Understanding Surface Air Temperature Cold Bias Over China in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Wang Liquan , Liu Zhaochen , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang
Published: September 2023

The systematic simulated cold biases in models for surface air temperature (SAT) over China have been under discussion for a long time, but the related attribution is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the main contributors and relevant physical processes of SAT biases over China based on 31 models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project from a surface energy budget perspective. On annual and seasonal scales, less downward clear‐sky longwave radiation in the models, which is due to the underestimated tropospheric temperature and water vapor amount, is the main cause of cold biases over the Tibetan Plateau, Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin, and most of eastern China. Meanwhile, the simulation biases in surface albedo and sensible heat flux induce cold biases depending on regions and seasons. In winter and spring, the overestimated surface albedo in association with more snow cover leads to prevalent cold biases over the western Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China. Excessive sensible heat release caused by the overestimated ground–air temperature difference facilitates SAT underestimation in the Sichuan Basin during summer and autumn. In addition, the cold biases in winter and spring are larger than those in summer and autumn, due to the stronger snow cover overestimation and tropospheric temperature underestimation.
Evidence for a Temporary Positive Priming Effect in Aquatic Systems With Certain Substrates and Isotopic Discrimination of DOM Sources
Authors: Laffet Wafa , Prentice Andrea , Tremblay Luc
Published: September 2023

The “priming effect” (PE) is well documented in soils, but contradictory results have been reported in aquatic ecosystems. To investigate whether the presence of easily degradable labile dissolved organic matter (LDOM) changes the biodegradation rate of nonlabile DOM (NLDOM), incubations were performed with various sources of LDOM and NLDOM in microcosms amended with nutrients and a microbial inoculum. Stable carbon isotope analysis of DOM was used for the first time to estimate the PE. A significant positive PE (15%–34% of initial NLDOM) was measured, but only with mixed (glucose + amino acids) or complex (disaccharide) LDOM. Regardless of the LDOM, no PE was measured with more recalcitrant NLDOM (half‐life of 128 days here), when the LDOM/NLDOM ratio was low (0.3 versus 1), and when the NLDOM and microbial inoculum were from the same water (no mixing). The presence of sediments likely enhances microbial diversity and NLDOM degradation rate, but it did not increase the PE. Microbial use of LDOM produced new microbial NLDOM that should be discriminated (here by isotopes) from initial NLDOM for accurate PE measurements. The PE was temporary and lasted about 2 weeks after one LDOM addition. In areas with frequent additions of LDOM, a long‐lasting PE is expected and may significantly increase CO2 production. Exposing refractory DOM to new conditions and microbial community, such as during natural water mixing, seems to exert a strong control on its dynamics. Here, the addition of a new microbial inoculum had a stronger effect than adding LDOM or the PE.
Degradation of a Foreland River After the Wenchuan Earthquake, China: A Combined Effect of Weirs, Sediment Supply, and Sediment Mining
Authors: Lin Yongpeng , An Chenge , Zheng Shan , Nie Ruihua , Parker Gary , Hassan Marwan A. , Czapiga Matthew J. , Fu Xudong
Published: September 2023

Since the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms. 8.0) Earthquake, the foreland rivers of the Longmen Mountains have suffered from significant bed degradation, among which the Shi‐ting River has experienced the largest local degradation of more than 20 m in 7 years. Potential reasons of the dramatic degradation include: (a) sediment disconnectivity due to in‐channel weirs; (b) the mobilization effect on gravel of an increased sand supply as a result of earthquake‐induced landslides; and (c) sediment extraction due to intensive mining. In this paper, we study the complex interaction among the above‐mentioned factors in the Shi‐ting River, using a one‐dimensional river morphodynamic model. Simulation results show that in‐channel weirs can reduce bedload transport and lead to bed degradation that is proportional to weir height. When coupled with additional sand supply, the weirs preferentially trap gravel and deliver sand, augmenting the downstream mobility of gravel and thus the degradation. For the Shi‐ting River, the simulated bed degradation agrees well with the observation when an annual sediment mining of 16 million tons is implemented in the simulation, along with the effects of in‐channel weirs and sand supply. The contribution of sediment mining is one order of magnitude larger than the coupling effect of weirs and sand supply. Both the simulation and observation show that the largest bed degradation occurs downstream of the Renmin Weir, due to the large spatial interval between the Renmin Weir and the next grade control structure.