bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the behaviour of steel end-plate connections with shape memory alloy bolts
Authors: Ghamari Ali , Amini Seyed Majid , De Crescenzo Carmen , Musmarra Dino
Published: October 2020

Conventional extended end-plate connections with normal high-strength steel (HSS) bolts show considerable residual deformation following an earthquake. The application of shape memory alloys (SMAs) has recently been considered in seismic regions because of their capabilities, such as the ability to tolerate cyclic deformations and dissipate energy. In this paper, extended end-plate connections equipped with SMA bolts are investigated. A hybrid extended end-plate connection utilising SMA bolts only for the outer rows and conventional HSS bolts for the remaining rows is a new and viable alternative to existing connections. Finite-element models of connections with different bolt lengths and pre-stressing levels have been developed using Ansys software. The cyclic performance of the models has been assessed and compared. Results indicated that conventional and hybrid connections have better capabilities in energy absorption compared to SMA connections. The hybrid connections and also connections with 69 mm long SMA bolts are classified as high-ductility connections according to the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). Increasing pre-stressing over 50% fy has no significant effect on the cyclic performance of connections.
Fatigue behaviour of corroded stud based on crack growth theory
Authors: Kuang Yachuan , Wang Kun , He Yuhao , Zhao Han , Xiang Ping
Published: October 2020

In order to promote the application and development of steel–concrete composite beams in bridges, the fatigue performance of corroded studs was investigated. Based on fatigue crack propagation theory and the fatigue failure mechanism of corroded studs, a fatigue life prediction model for corroded studs was proposed. The values of key parameters in the fatigue life prediction model of corroded studs were obtained. Moreover, the fatigue life of corroded studs was analysed. Results show that the error between the calculated value and the test value of the fatigue life of corroded studs is less than 10%, and the fatigue life prediction model for corroded studs is sufficiently accurate. As the corrosion rate of a stud increases, its fatigue life rapidly decreases. When the corrosion rate of the stud increases from 5 to 50%, the fatigue life of the stud decreases from 20 to 90%, respectively; thus corrosion greatly reduces the fatigue life of the stud.
Evaluation of concrete–steel interfaces in steel tubes filled with chipped rubber–concrete
Authors: Ahmad Hesham S. , Abendeh Raed M. , Hunaiti Yasser M.
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) where waste chipped rubber, sourced from scrap tyres, partially replaces natural coarse aggregate. A series of push-out tests on 112 circular and square CFST specimens were investigated with the main parameters considered in the tests being: (a) cross-sectional type (circular and square); (b) cross-sectional dimensions; (c) concrete type (normal and rubberised concretes); (d) replacement ratio of recycled chipped rubber; and (e) concrete age (28–365 days). Four rubber chip replacement ratios (0, 10, 20 and 30%) by volume of coarse aggregate were used. The experimental results indicated that cross-sectional type and dimensions have a high impact on the interfacial bond strength. The bond strength in larger circular tubes was about 60% more than the bond strength in smaller circular tubes, and about 127% and 42% more than the bond strength in large and small square tubes, respectively. It was also found that CFSTs incorporating chipped rubber shared a generally similar interface bond behaviour between the concrete core and steel tubes with conventional CFSTs. Moreover, the bond strength decreased remarkably with the increase of concrete age.
Epigenetics explained: a topic “primer” for the epilepsy community by the ILAE Genetics/Epigenetics Task Force
Authors: Kobow Katja , Reid Christopher A. , van Vliet Erwin A. , Becker Albert J. , Carvill Gemma L. , Goldman Alica M. , Hirose Shinichi , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , Khiari Hela Mrabet , Poduri Annapurna , Johnson Michael R. , Henshall David C.
Published: October 2020

Epigenetics refers broadly to processes that influence medium to long‐term gene expression by changing the readability and accessibility of the genetic code. The Neurobiology Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) recently convened a Task Force to explore and disseminate advances in epigenetics to better understand their role and intersection with genetics and the neurobiology of epilepsies and their co‐morbidities, and to accelerate translation of these findings into the development of better therapies. Here, we provide a topic primer on epigenetics, explaining the key processes and findings to date in experimental and human epilepsy. We review the growing list of genes with epigenetic functions that have been linked with epilepsy in humans. We consider potential practical applications, including using epigenetic signals as biomarkers for tissue‐ and biofluid‐based diagnostics and the prospects for developing epigenetic‐based treatments for epilepsy. We include a glossary of terms, FAQs and other supports to facilitate a broad understanding of the topic for the non‐expert. Last, we review the limitations, research gaps and the next challenges. In summary, epigenetic processes represent important mechanisms controlling the activity of genes, providing opportunities for insight into disease mechanisms, biomarkers and novel therapies for epilepsy.
Determination of Covid-19 Possible Cases by Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: OĞUZ Çinare , YAĞANOĞLU Mete
Published: October 2020

A large number of cases have been identified in the world with the emergence of COVID-19 and the rapid spread of the virus. Thousands of people have died due to COVID-19. This very spreading virus may result in serious consequnces including pneumonia, kidney failure acute respiratory infection. It can even cause death in severe cases. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital. Due to the limited number of COVID-19 test kits, one of the first diagnostic techniques in suspected COVID-19 patients is to have Thorax Computed Tomography (CT) applied to individuals with suspected COVID-19 cases when it is not possible to administer these test kits. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the CT images automatically and to direct probable COVID-19 cases to PCR test quickly in order to make quick controls and ease the burden of healthcare workers. ResNet-50 and Alexnet deep learning techniques were used in the extraction of deep features. Their performance was measured using Support Vector Machines (SVM), Nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), Linear Discrimination Analysis (LDA), Decision trees, Random forest (RF) and Naive Bayes methods as the methods of classification. The best results were obtained with ResNet-50 and SVM classification methods. The success rate was found as 95.18%.
CИСТЕМА ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ: УСЛОВИЯ И СПОСОБЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Руденко Анна Николаевна
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является раскрытие основных социально-экономических особенностей системы управления персоналом, реализуемой дистанционным способом, разработка базовых рекомендаций для руководителей и подчиненных, способствующих наиболее оперативно справиться с переходом в новый режим взаимодействия, не испытав при этом значимых потерь.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯХ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ В СВЯЗИ С ПАНДЕМИЕЙ КОРОНАВИРУСА
Authors: Алексеенко Иван  Николаевич , Воробьёв Геннадий Александрович , Самыгин Сергей Иванович
Published: October 2020

Цель данной статьи состоит в рассмотрении аспектов и тенденций общественного развития России на современном этапе в связи с пандемией распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРНОЙ ДИНАМИКИ ЭКОНОМИКИ НЕКОТОРЫХ СТРАН И ЕЁ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ
Authors: Глазунова Вильгельмина Витальевна
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является проведение сравнительного анализа сложившихся в странах тенденций структурной динамики и оценка их устойчивости.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ И ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Authors: Мамадиев Алик  Хожахметович , Долматова Людмила Георгиевна
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является анализ основных принципов и взаимосвязей экономической и экологической устойчивости сельскохозяйственных предприятий, влияние внешних и внутренних условий, а также принимаемых программных документов в области использования и охраны земельных ресурсов, на устойчивое развитие любой формы хозяйствования.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПРОВЕДЕНИЮ ВСЕРОССИЙСКОГО СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ «ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ САМОЧУВСТВИЕ РОССИИ» КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТУ МОНИТОРИНГА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
Authors: Ростовская Тамара Керимовна , Кучмаева Оксана Викторовна
Published: October 2020

Цель исследования – презентация концептуальных подходов к проведению всероссийского социологического исследования «Демографическое самочувствие России» как инструменту мониторинга результативности демографической политики.
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ РЕПУТАЦИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ В ПОСТКОРОНАВИРУСНОМ МИРЕ
Authors: Чернов Кирилл Александрович
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является социологическое изучение противоречивых аспектов формирования и развития социальной репутации малого бизнеса в современном российском обществе, а также особенностей и перспектив его развития в условиях непростых социально-экономических реалий, еще более осложнившихся в период пандемии коронавируса.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют идеи и теории, сложившиеся в границах социологической теории, позволяющей объяснить сложности становления социологии репутаций, а также противоречивые аспекты развития и восприятия бизнесдеятельности в России. В работе анализируется потенциал теоретических идей зарубежных исследователей (Т. Парсонса, П.-М. Шовена, М. Айзенеггера) и российских ученых (А. В. Овруцкого, Ф. В. Малахова и др.) в области изучения феномена репутации в современном обществе.

Результаты исследования. Сложный путь институционализации малого бизнеса в постсоветской России в условиях негативного отношения к бизнесу со стороны населения, сформировавшегося еще на этапе перехода к рыночным отношениям на рубеже ХХ–XXI вв., принес свои плоды к началу 2020 года. Отношение к малому бизнесу в России стало более лояльным, доверительным. Основой его положительной репутации в обществе, согласно данным социологических опросов, стала социальная полезность бизнес-деятельности. Однако сильный удар, нанесенный пандемией коронавируса, остро поставил перед оставшимися в малом бизнесе предприятиями вопрос выживания. Это может негативно сказаться на его социальной репутации ввиду значительного сокращения сектора малого бизнеса в экономической структуре общества и, следовательно, снижения его социальной полезности.

Перспективу исследования составляет дальнейшая социологическая рефлексия ситуации, в которой разворачивается деятельность малого бизнеса и экспертно-диагностический анализ перспективных сценариев его развития в посткоронавирусном мире.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ И ДИСТАНЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В УЧЕБНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ
Authors: Мирошниченко Александр Владимирович , Алексеенко Иван  Николаевич , Гаглоева Эвелина Николаевна
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является анализ применения инновационных и дистанционных технологий в учебном процессе высшей школы в современных условиях системных преобразований.

Методологическая база исследования основополагается на теоритических посылах педагогической инноватики и практических методах инновационного и дистанционного обучения.

Результаты исследования. Написание этой статьи вызвано глубоким интересом к происходящим изменениям в сфере высшего образования и потребностью осмысления использования инновационных и дистанционных технологий в учебном процессе высшей школы. В статье представлены современные инновационные педагогические технологии, применяемые в учебном процессе высшей школы: технология обучения в сотрудничестве, технология проектов, технология проблемного обучения, технология компьютерного обучения, технология дистанционного обучения; кроме того, проводится компаративный анализ между традиционной технологией и личностно ориентированным обучением.

Перспективу исследования составляет дальнейшее исследование современного учебного процесса с использованием инновационных педагогических технологий наряду с традиционными, способствующими личностному и профессиональному росту студенческой молодежи.
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В ВЫСШЕМ УЧЕБНОМ ЗАВЕДЕНИИ
Authors: Руденко Анна Николаевна
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является раскрытие основных стратегических особенностей внедрения цифровых образовательных технологий в учебный процесс вуза и параллельно проведение аналитической деятельности, раскрывающей степень влияния данных технологий на изменение социального взаимодействия между обучающимися и профессорско-преподавательским составом, в том числе в области результатов освоения первыми учебных материалов.

Методологическую базу исследования представляет опыт современных дата-инженеров в образовании, педагогических дизайнеров, педагогов Университета НТИ «20.35».

Результаты исследования. Система высшего образования, подкрепленная на постоянной основе электронной обратной связью от студентов в цифровой образовательной среде, имеет ряд преимущественных особенностей как для образовательной организации, так и для самих обучающихся. Это касается повышения интенсивности и вовлеченности студентов в процесс обучения, объективизации оценочной системы уровня знаний, умений и навыков, оптимизации затраченного времени и др. Разумеется, данная система не лишена недостатков, которые в первую очередь имеют отношение к технической организации цифрового пространства, непрерывному Интернет-соединению и пользовательскому опыту.

Перспективу исследования составляет дальнейшее социологическое исследование приобретаемого опыта образовательных организаций в поиске и внедрении новых инструментов цифровых образовательных технологий.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ В МЕДИАПРОСТРАНСТВЕ
Authors: Ларионов Валерий  Глебович , Шереметьева Елена Николаевна , Горшкова Лариса  Анатольевна
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является анализ особенностей инновационного менеджмента в медиапространстве. Мультимедийная среда приходит на замену традиционным СМИ, которые теряют свою актуальность на рынке информации. Глобальным инновационным процессом, протекающим в медиапространстве, является конвергенция.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют сравнительный анализ, контент-анализ, методы дедукции и моделирования как метод научного познания социально-экономических процессов. Исследование базируется на идеях одного из разработчиков теории медиаконвергенции Г. Дженкинса, на теоретических представлениях о медиаменеджменте А. В. Вырковского и многих других.

Результаты исследования. Раскрыты аспекты управления конвергентной редакцией СМИ, ее специфические особенности. Инновационный менеджмент в медиапространстве инициировал появление не только новых организационных структур СМИ, но и формирование новых методов подачи информации (инфотейнмент, финишинг, «беседка», глокализация, бильдизация). Показана роль инновационного менеджмента в формировании массовых информационных предпочтений, ценностей аудитории, новых методов подачи информации.

Перспективу исследования составляет формирование медиапространства и «новых медиа», отличительной чертой которых является интерактивность и использование передовых компьютерных технологий, направленных на превращение пассивных потребителей информации в активных, формирование новых организационных структур СМИ и управление ими.
Representación espacial en invidentes estimulados de manera háptica con un dispositivo mecatrónico, DMREI, y con el bastón clásico
Authors: Sanabria Luis
Published: October 2020

La manera en que los invidentes se representan el espacio crea la necesidad de desarrollar ciertas habilidades para obtener información del entorno en estas personas. Una forma de obtener esta experiencia es por medio del aprendizaje espacial, el cual se caracteriza por la capacidad para aprender, representar y actualizar lugares y objetivos (Balakrishna , Bousquet y Honavar, 1998). Con el objeto de analizar estos procesos en los invidentes, se desarro¬lla la tesis doctoral “Representación espacial del entorno en invidentes estimulados de manera háptica con un dispositivo mecatrónico, DMREI y con el bastón clásico”, resumida en este artículo. El interés el trabajo doctoral se centra en el estudio de la representación espacial del entorno, producida por el efecto de dispositivos tecnológicos que se adaptan al ser humano mediante sus mecanismos sensoriales. Específicamente, hace referencia a la identificación de las diferencias en la representación espacial, en términos de estrategias con el uso de un sistema mecatrónico comparado con el uso del bastón clásico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran diferencias con el uso del dispositivo, por cuanto este elemento consolida una mejor representación del es¬pacio lo cual se pudo demostrar en el manejo de una variedad de estrategias e la anticipación perceptiva de la actualización del espacio, donde los invidentes lograron mejores realizaciones
Stranded Mapping from Oriented Long Reads v6
Authors: A Eccles David
Published: October 2020

This protocol demonstrates how to map strand-oriented long reads to a genome, and visualise them in a genome browser. The general idea is to use minimap2 to create stranded BAM files, which are split for forward/reverse orientation then converted into BigWig format for display in a genome browser. Input(s): stranded fastq files (see protocol Preparing Reads for Stranded Mapping) a FASTA file containing the genome / sequence of interest. Output(s): Genome-mapped stranded BAM files Genome-mapped stranded BigWig files
PERFIL DA PESQUISA EM FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Buffon Alessandra Daniela , Neves Marcos Cesar Danhoni , Pereira Ricardo Francisco
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo elucidar o perfil da pesquisa sobre formação de professores no ensino de Astronomia. O procedimento metodológico é embasado nos estudos do “estado da arte”, mapeando a evolução da produção acadêmica da revista ALEXANDRIA - Revista de Educação em Ciência e Tecnologia, do Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física, da Ciência & Educação, da Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Ciências, da Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, da Revista Latino-Americana de Educação em Astronomia e do Banco de teses e dissertações sobre a Educação em Astronomia da Universidade de São Carlos. Em busca de identificar essa produção e conhecer as principais tendências da pesquisa nesse campo, foram localizados 28 estudos. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa, foi possível identificar que eles abordam tanto a formação inicial quanto a formação continuada. Por meio deste trabalho, é possível concluir que o perfil da formação de professores para Ensino de Astronomia é diversificado, contemplando pesquisas com focos temáticos que envolvem a compreensão do ambiente escolar, instrumentos de ensino-aprendizagem e os saberes docentes. Por fim, como perspectiva para futuros trabalhos, é necessário intensificar a linha temática de formação de professores no Ensino de Astronomia.
OS MODUS OPERANDI DE PROFESSORES E ESTUDANTES EM EXPERIÊNCIAS DE APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA
Authors: Almeida Bruno Gomes de
Published: October 2020

A demanda cada vez mais urgente por mudanças na educação é uma circunstância que se fundamenta em várias questões. Principalmente, a necessidade de se criar circunstâncias para que os estudantes sejam mais protagonistas de sua aprendizagem. Algo que infere em uma experiência de sala de aula que potencialize o pensamento crítico e científico, a capacidade de resolução de problemas, o trabalho colaborativo e a boa comunicação. Condição diretamente relacionada a mudanças nos modos de ser e agir tanto de educandos, quanto de educadores. Desta forma, o presente texto reflete sobre quais seriam as mudanças de ordem comportamental e atitudinal de ambos, de modo a se criar um ambiente propício para a consolidação de uma educação baseada nos preceitos de uma “aprendizagem ativa”. Ainda, sugerindo duas ferramentais conceituais de maneira a auxiliar a visualização desses novos modus operandi de professores e estudantes: a “Bússola do professor ativo” e a “Bússola do estudante ativo”.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CONSCIÊNCIA HUMANA: A MEDIAÇÃO DOS SIGNOS E O USO DE INSTRUMENTOS
Authors: Castro Solange de , Rossetto Elisabeth , Lima Sonia Ribeiro de
Published: October 2020

Este artigo consiste em, a partir da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, compreender como se dá o desenvolvimento da consciência e do psiquismo humano. A metodologia adotada partiu de um estudo de cunho teórico/bibliográfico pautado em Lev Semionovitch Vigotski (1991, 1995, 2012), e Alexis Leontiev (2004), além de outros pesquisadores vigotskianos. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a transformação do homem, em gênero humano, depende da formação da consciência articulada às bases da vida real e das condições materiais do sujeito. O homem inicia seu processo de vida, que o distingue dos animais ao iniciar a produção dos seus meios de existência, transformando a natureza em instrumentos da vida material, ou seja, se objetivando nela. Desse modo, a consciência é traduzida na linguagem da vida real, pois emerge do mundo que interpreta a realidade. A mediação dos signos e o uso dos instrumentos por intermédio, por exemplo, da fala e do trabalho, são responsáveis pela formação da consciência no desenvolvimento do psiquismo humano, o qual se desenvolve por meio dos processos históricos e culturais. As Funções Psicológicas Elementares/FPE e as Funções Psicológicas Superiores/FPS se articulam e se complementam, na busca do desenvolvimento da consciência, sendo que, as funções elementares se originam nos processos biológicos, enquanto que as superiores recorrem à internalização dos signos (palavras) produzidos pela cultura e pela mediação do outro.
A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DO PROFESSOR ALFABETIZADOR NO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA DA UFS: DA TEORIA À PRÁTICA
Authors: Costa Freitas Vitória Karolina , Mariano Souza Verônica dos Reis , Fernandes Priscila Dantas
Published: October 2020

Neste trabalho analisamos a relação entre a teoria e a prática na formação em Alfabetização de alunos concludentes do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) e de professores do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública localizada no município de São Cristóvão (SE). Realizamos uma pesquisa descritiva mediante observação participante e aplicação de questionários. A alfabetização se configura como componente basilar na formação inicial de professores para atuação com crianças, jovens e adultos. Aferimos que a formação inicial do Curso de Pedagogia da UFS estabelecia relação direta dos fundamentos teóricos da Alfabetização com a prática escolar e percebemos também que há uma necessidade de haver mais disciplinas relacionadas ao processo de Alfabetização, tendo em vista que só há duas.
Levantamento fitossociológico na cultura do amendoim
Authors: Piazentine Ana Eliza , Carrega Willians César , Da Costa Maira Rosene , Alves Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar
Published: October 2020

A identificação das espécies de plantas daninhas que infestam as áreas agrícolas é importante para a tomada de decisão durante a escolha do método de controle. Diante disto, o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar e quantificar as principais espécies de plantas daninhas presentes em área de produção de amendoim no município de Jaboticabal – SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 15, 30, 45, 75, 90, 105 e 130 dias após a semeadura, utilizando-se o método do quadrado vazado. Em cada avaliação foram realizadas 2 amostragens/parcela, totalizando 8 amostragens por tratamento. As plantas coletadas foram seccionadas rente ao solo, identificadas, acondicionadas em estufa de circulação de ar a 70ºC e, após 96 horas, foi determinada a massa seca das plantas. Com base nas informações obtidas nas amostragens, foram estimados os parâmetros fitossociológicos, frequência, frequência relativa, densidade, densidade relativa, abundância, abundância relativa, dominância, dominância relativa e determinou-se o índice de valor de importância. Verificou-se que a comunidade infestante na cultura do amendoim apresentou 17 espécies, em 17 gêneros e 9 famílias. O maior número de plantas daninhas foi encontrado na família Poaceae. Concluiu-se que nesta área, as espécies que predominaram foram Alternanthera tenella Colla, Digitaria sp. e Amaranthus sp.
Food Access in the Time of COVID-19: Reflections on the United States Food System During a Pandemic
Authors: Heuer Jacquelyn N. , Lehigh Gabrielle R. , Serrano Karen Díaz , Romero-Daza Nancy , Himmelgreen David
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted many disparities globally. In the United States, the pandemic has drawn attention to key social issues, including those related to the national food system. With unemployment rates rising exponentially, Americans have seen drastic changes within the grocery store, with limited supplies and increased prices resulting in higher levels of food insecurity. These changes mostly affect populations who may already be at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or may be financially unstable. While food banks are working tirelessly to assist individuals and families, there is an urgent need for systemic change to ensure that these vulnerable groups are protected, especially in the aftermath of the pandemic.
The “Ambivalence” of Joint Activity as the Basis of the Emergence of Psychological Neoformations: Ways of Developing the Activity Approach
Authors: Nechaev N.N.
Published: October 2020

The article addresses the methodological status of the category of joint activity which, obviously, opens up new possibilities to consider the psychological mechanisms of a person’s development. Special attention is paid to the content of the concepts “object of activity” and “subject of activity”, which determine the comprehension of the main characteristics of activity as a process of instrumental transformation of the activity object into its subject, so that the latter embodies the mode of activity used for its creation. The key points of the activity approach by A.N. Leontiev are considered, especially those concerning the sources and conditions of activity development as well as its psychological mechanism which determines the inner dynamics of this contradictory process. These contradictions arise in the course of changes within the subject-tool and communication components of the joint activity, which act, respectively, as the leading forms of transformation of the subject reality and as the means of organizing the interaction of the persons involved into the shared performance of joint activity tasks solution. It is emphasized that the dual nature of activity as a whole including its subject-tool and communication components is fully expressed through a mode of activity, created by person. Contradictions arising in the subject-tool and in communicative component are resolved by their mutually conditioning transformations. This leads to a change in the motivational basis of the subject activity, which determines the development of the subject-tool component of the modes of activity, which, in turn, leads to the development of modes of communicative regulation of the system of relations.
Aprender a aprender en documentos normativos de los seis países participantes en un estudio internacional
Authors: Patera Salvatore , Silva Irene , Sáenz Zavala Fausto
Published: October 2020

La complejidad del aprender a aprender (AaA) remarca la necesidad de profundizar su presencia y caracterización en las normativas nacionales y en los currículos de los países involucrados en la investigación internacional (Brasil, Ecuador, España, Italia, México, Uruguay) teniendo en cuenta, en perspectiva cultural, las diferencias y similitudes entre países. La motivación subyacente a este trabajo refleja la importancia de analizar cómo las normativas nacionales y los currículos plantean el AaA considerando su impacto para la formación docente y la enseñanza escolar.La pregunta de investigación explora cómo se enmarca el AaA en las normativas de los sistemas educativos para la educación obligatoria y en los currículos de estos países tomando en cuenta aspectos situados y contextuales referidos a la tematización y al desarrollo de esta competencia en cada uno de ellos. Debido a la complejidad del escenario, la metodología de investigación es cualitativa y cuantitativa con una estrategia de investigación de "métodos mixtos". Los resultados dan cuenta de la complejidad del AaA con referencia a diferentes planteamientos en cada país, también considerando que cinco países presentan AaA en sus currículos para algunos niveles escolares y ningún país presenta recursos para ayudar los docentes en el desarrollo de esta competencia.
Relief of microecological imbalances and barrier dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa in a therapeutic strategy for life-threatening conditions
Authors: Chepur Sergej V. , Pluzhnikov Nikolaj N. , Chubar’ Oleg V. , Cygan Vasilij N. , Bakulina Larisa S. , Sidorov Sergej P. , Bazhenov Mihail V. , Mosin Aleksej V. , Vinogradov Mihail V. , Semakin Roman V.
Published: October 2020

Arguments are given about the expediency of early enteral treatment in life-threatening conditions to improve the functions of the intestinal barrier structures, prevent the transformation of the symbiotic microbiome phenotype and translocation of its representatives with the formation or aggravation of a systemic inflammatory response. The expediency of including proteins and beta-glucans and phosphates in the composition of nutritional mixtures was determined. For the purpose of pharmacological support, the possibility of including iron skevingers, valproates as histone acetylase inhibitors, antioxidants, statins and infusion solutions enriched with hydrogen was considered. The implementation of the paradigm of early enteral nutrition will improve the prognosis of patients in intensive care units.
Structural changes in the Russian pharmaceutical market of anti-tb drugs
Authors: Usacheva Natalia E. , Novikov Vasiliy E. , Myakisheva Tatyana V. , Pavluchenkova Nadezhda A. , Trun Elena V.
Published: October 2020

In Russia, the epidemic situation for tuberculosis has stabilized with a tendency to improvement, according to the dynamics of the main indicators for the disease. However, the problem of tuberculosis infection is still far from being resolved, which is largely due to the development of drug resistance of the infectious agent to the main anti-TB drugs.

The purpose of the study is to form macro-structures of the Russian market of anti-TB drugs for 2008 and 2018 and analyze the dynamics of their structural changes.

Materials and methods. The State registers of medicines of the Russian Federation for 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Into account were taken following characteristics of the range: the number of registered anti-TB drugs, dosage forms, dosages, manufacturers, and the number of combined anti-TB drugs. The necessary data was obtained using the content analysis method. The results of the study allowed us to build macro-structures of the Russian market of anti-TB drugs and compare the indicators in the dynamics over 10 years.

Results. Over the past 10 years, about 500 anti-TB drugs have been registered and re-registered in the Russian Federation. The range of the selected segment was supplemented by the 3rd new series, which according to 2018 included 166 (30.0%) drugs, taking into account all dosage forms and dosages. The group of anti-TB drugs of the 2nd series in 2018 was the leader in the selected segment (52.2%) and there was a tendency for its growth. In the structure of the assortment of medicinal forms of anti-TB drugs, tablet drugs prevailed (43.5%). The production vector has shifted towards domestic manufacturers. The share of new drugs put into circulation in 2008-2018 was 37%. The nomenclature of the Russian anti-TB market corresponds to international recommendations and contains the main groups of drugs.

Conclusion. Analysis of the segment of anti-TB drugs in the domestic pharmaceutical market showed that the phthisiological service has a sufficient range of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis infection, including those with drug resistance of the pathogen. This allows to personalize therapy based on the stage and severity of the disease, the functional characteristics of the patients body, and the sensitivity of the pathogen to chemotherapy.
Biosensor selection of small compounds, modulating a complex formation between cytochrome P450s and NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase
Authors: Ershov P.V. , Yablokov E.O. , Mezentsev Y.V. , Kaluzhskiy L.A. , Luschik A.Ya. , Tumilovich A.M. , Karputs A.Yu. , Gilep A.A. , Ivanov А.S.
Published: October 2020

The study of the effect of low-molecular-weight compounds (substrates, endogenous metabolites, drugs and xenobiotics) on the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of functionally significant binary protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is of both fundamental and clinical importance. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is the method of the first choice for studying PPIs. Earlier, SPR analysis revealed the modulating effect of steroidal substrates on the affinity of interactions between steroidogenic microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYP) and their redox partner (cytochrome b5). In this work, we have shown the suitability of the experimental approach for assessing the selective effect of the cofactor NADPH on the interaction between cytochromes CYP3A4 or CYP2E1 with NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase (CPR). Experiments have shown that the CYP3A4/CPR complex is not modulated by NADPH, while the dissociation rate of the CYP2E1/CPR complex in the presence of NADPH significantly decreased: the koff values in the absence and presence of NADPH were (3.6 ± 0.2) • 10-3 s-1 and (3.8 ± 0.2) • 10-4 s-1, respectively. Thus, in the presence of NADPH, an increase in the affinity of CYP2E1/CPR complex formation by approximately one order of magnitude was observed, while NADPH did not affect the kon value of this complex. Co-injection of NADPH at the CYP2E1/CPR complex preformed in the absence of NADPH had minor influence on the koff values (<10%). This suggests a stabilizing role of NADPH for the CYP2E1/CPR complex formation. Thus, the use of our approach made it possible to assess the effect of the main electron supplier for the microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system on the kinetic rate constants of CYP/CPR complexes.
Why Libya, but not Syria?
Authors: Caruso Andrea
Published: October 2020

In both Libya and Syria, an uprising of civilians against their rulers resulted in intra-state conflicts. Despite comparable circumstances, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has approached these situations in different ways. The existing literature tends to consider both conflicts in the context of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine. Rather than compare and contrast the two conflicts in terms of assessing the effectiveness of R2P, the purpose of this paper is to examine why the UNSC authorized a military intervention in Libya, but not in Syria. This question arises out of the notion that similar conditions should elicit the same response. This research will present three main arguments to explain why the UNSC did not authorize the use of force in Syria as they did in Libya. The first is that the variety of actors fighting in Syria makes it difficult for intervention. The second is that the individual interactions between the permanent Security Council members and Syria further complicate intervention. The final argument is that the Security Council is upholding the foundation of the UN in preventing World War III.
Clinical profile of children with epilepsy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jagadeesan P. , Malai Arasu R.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: One of the most common chronic neurological disorders is epilepsy, affecting as many as 45 million individuals worldwide. The occurrence is higher in children below the age of three. Around 60 percent to 70 percent of epilepsy patients have an effective response to treatment with antiepileptic medications. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the clinical profile of children with epilepsy.Methods: Total of 100 children with different types of epilepsy was included in this study. After getting informed consent from the parents, all the demographic data, family history, clinical and laboratory investigations were recorded, and the results were statistically analyzed and discussed.Results: 69 patients had tonic-clonic seizures, 15 patients had a complete partial seizure, 7 patients had absence seizures, 4 patients had unclassified seizures, 3 patients had simple partial seizures, 1 patient had myoclonic seizures, atonic seizures and multiple seizures. Aetiology, 72 patients had an idiopathic cause, 10 patients had hypoxic ischemia, 8 patients had Central nervous system (CNS) infection, 4 patients had cerebral palsy and space-occupying lesion, 2 patients had trauma. Comorbidity, 84 patients had none, 4 patients had mental retardation, 3 patients had eye diseases, cerebral palsy, protein-energy malnutrition, mental retardation with cerebral palsy, 1 patient had a hearing impairment. Drug therapy, 63 patients had sodium valproate, 11 patients had carbamazepine, 2 patients had multidrug treatment, and 1 patient had sodium phenytoin.Conclusion: A significant amount of the aetiology of the condition is expressed among preventable causes of epilepsy. For generalized tonic clonic seizure, sodium valproate was observed to have more positive effects in paediatric patients.
Estimulación Cognitiva en un caso de Afasia Primaria Progresiva no fluente
Authors: Fonseca-Silva Kimberly Andrea , Arias-Ramírez Yaira Zuleine
Published: October 2020

La APPvnF se caracteriza por un marcado agramatismo, que conforme a la progresión de la enfermedad puede traer declives cognitivos y funcionales. Su reconocimiento etiológico y semiológico es fundamental en la vinculación a un tratamiento adecuado. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los efectos de la estimulación cognitiva del lenguaje basada en estrategias CAA en una paciente con APPvnF. Se observó el caso de una mujer de 67 años, con un año de escolaridad y diagnóstico de trastorno neurocognitivo mayor debido a degeneración del lóbulo frontotemporal, APPvnF. Esta paciente hace parte de la población que acude a consulta en el INDEC. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de caso único, realizando mediciones repetidas con los instrumentos ESAPP y DAD-E.  Tras 19 sesiones de estimulación cognitiva del lenguaje, el análisis cualitativo para el instrumento ESAPP indicó mejora en la participación, interacción comunicativa y mayor tolerancia a la frustración. Para el instrumento DAD-E, el análisis visual indica tendencia de conducta estable en línea de base, con cambio de nivel retardado tras el inicio de intervención. El porcentaje de datos no solapados (PND), el porcentaje de datos que exceden la mediana (PEM) y el no solapamiento de todos los pares (NAP), dieron como resultado que el tratamiento fue bastante efectivo, moderadamente efectivo y tuvo un efecto grande. Los resultados obtenidos en otras investigaciones de caso único, así como en esta, ponen en evidencia que el uso de intervenciones alternativas trae consigo beneficios a nivel de la participación y; por ende, en la calidad de vida de las personas con APPvnF.
Optimization of Novel Sphere Sandwich Structure for Impact Requirements
Authors: Abed Meethaq M. , Al-maammori Mohammed H.
Published: October 2020

Sphere Sandwich Structures (SSS) are a new structure which may have the potentials to provide the energy absorption as compared with monolithic specimen material. By using innovation carving wax method, fifteen specimens have been prepared according to RSM optimize method and it machined by CNC-3axis machine with sphere end screw. Three factors sphere diameter(D), distance between spheres(X) and skin thickness(K) have been studied. The impact test has been achieved by Izod test to calculate specific fracture toughness. The results show the sample 642 has the highest specific fracture toughness value with an improvement of 300% compared with the monolithic sample. The optimal value of this test is 35.37 MPa m0.5 g-1 of the sample 682 (diameter = 6, distance between spheres = 8, skin thickness = 2 mm) with 10% error when compared with practice result at the same geometry. According to ANOVA analysis, the diameter of sphere(D) has greatest effect than other factors and then skin thickness(K).
ESCALA DE AVALIAÇÃO DOS AMBIENTES DA PRÁTICA PROFISSIONAL DE ENFERMAGEM: CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDO
Authors: Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes , Vicente Corália Maria Fortuna de Brito , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva , Trindade Letícia De Lima , Sousa Clemente Neves de , Cardoso Maria Filomena Passos Teixeira
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: construir e validar o conteúdo da Escala de Avaliação dos Ambientes da Prática Profissional de Enfermagem. Método: estudo metodológico realizado de janeiro a maio de 2020. A construção da Escala foi antecedida de pesquisa qualitativa prévia e de revisão de literatura. A validação de conteúdo foi efetuada por 22 peritos. Resultados: inicialmente a Escala tinha 128 itens agrupados nas dimensões estrutura, processo e resultado. Decorrente da avaliação dos peritos, na estrutura dos 65 itens iniciais, foram excluídos 20, reformulados 10 e adicionado um. No processo, dos 49 itens iniciais, excluíram-se 8 e reformularam-se 2. No resultado, dos 14 itens iniciais, foram excluídos 2, reformulados 2 e adicionado 1. A versão final ficou com 100 itens, cujo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de cada item oscilou entre 0,86 e 1. Conclusão: a construção e posterior validação dos itens pelos peritos foi uma etapa fundamental, dando segurança à continuidade dos procedimentos psicométricos.

Descritores: Estudos de Validação. Ambiente de Trabalho. Prática Profissional. Enfermagem. Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde.
Spontaneous pregnancies and determinant factors in infertility: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Saadati Nasrin , Nikbakht Roshan , Sattari Alireza , Amininezhad Fatemeh Sadat
Published: October 2020

Background: The phenomenon of infertility may be derived from different factors - either in males or females or both genders, including few unexplained factors. It is generally managed by medical and surgical treatments.
Objective: To find a relation of occurrence of spontaneous pregnancy (SP) with effective factors in infertility.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two referral infertility centers (university and privacy center) in the southwest of Iran from March 2015 and March 2016 on 655 infertile couples, who were divided in two groups of with (n = 31) and without (n = 624) SP. The variables included female and male age, male smoking, male job, the place of living, the causes of infertility, the type and duration of infertility, and the subgroups of infertility causes.
Results: Infertility may be caused due to both male- and female- related factors (47.5%). While female-related infertility was found in 31.5%, male-related infertility in 14.5%, and infertility due to unexplained factors in 6.6% of our patients. The rate of SP was 4.7%, which had a significant relation with the duration of infertility (p = 0.01), with women’s age (p = 0.048), unexplained infertility (p = 0.001), and husband’s job (p = 0.004).
Conclusion: The occurrence of SP in infertile couples was related to age of the female partner, the duration of unexplained infertility, and the male partner’s job.
Key words: Male infertility, Female infertility, Spontaneous pregnancy, Epidemiology, Etiology.
APPLICATION OF THE LAUE METHOD TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF A NICKEL HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOY SAMPLE DESTROYED DURING MECHANICAL PROCESSING
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kuzmina N.A. , Petrushin N.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Visik E.M. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Eremin N.N. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Naprienko S.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: October 2020

A study of the structure of a single-crystal sample of a nickel heat-resistant alloy, brittle destroyed by mechanical cutting. The study was carried out using x-ray diffractometry – «swing» and the Laue method. The possibilities of the Laue method for studying local defects of various origin are shown. Based on the obtained data, an assumption is made about the recrystallization nature of structural defects in a single crystal of a nickel heat-resistant alloy; the elastic properties of the single crystal are estimated.
LINK BETWEEN THE ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE OF FIBERGLASS OF THE VPS-53К BRAND AND THE STRENGTH OF THE ADHESIVE JOINT BASED ON IT
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Barannikov A.A. , Рostnov V.I. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Veshkin E.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Starostina I.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: October 2020

Based on the study of the wetting phenomenon and the theory of adhesion, the surface of fiberglass of the VPS-53K brand was studied before and after its treatment with atmospheric pressure plasma, which is one of the advanced methods of surface preparation for various adhesion processes. Two methods for determining the free energy of a surface are considered – the OUN's, Wendt's, Rabel's, and Kjelbla's method and the extended Fowkes method. The values of the free energy of the surface and its components are obtained using two methods under consideration. The connection between the energy characteristics of the surface of fiberglass of the VPS-53 K brand and the strength of the adhesive joint based on it is established.
OBTAINING OF EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRUCTIONALLY SIMILAR SAMPLE OF THE NOZZLE ASSEMBLY SECTOR AND CARRYING OUT ITS TESTS AT TEMPERATURE OF 1500 °С
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Lebedeva Yu.E. , Afanasev-Hodikin A.N. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Prokopchenko G.M. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Shavnev A.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Serebryakov D.I. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Central Institute of Aviation Motors after P.I. Baranov»
Published: October 2020

The interaction of the SiC–SiCw–B4C–AlN system ceramic composite material (CCM) with the EP648 alloy in the process of high-temperature brazing was studied. The smallest erosion activity both in relation to CCM, and to the EP648 alloy, has HMP solder VPr50. An experimental constructionally similar sample of the nozzle assembly sector was made using uncooled nozzle blade prototypes from CCM. Tests of an experimental constructionally similar sample of the nozzle assembly sector at a temperature of 1500 °C were carried out. No traces of material ablation from the surface of the CMC were found.