bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of single-species crops and their grass mixes on the grass species composition
Authors: Savchuk L. К. , Vyhovsky I. V.
Published: November 2018

When creating artificial phytocoenoses, the main task is to create optimal conditions for growth and development, in accordance with the needs of each type of cultivated plants, which would ensure the highest productivity of the group during the entire period of use of herbs and the production of high quality and cheap feed for public livestock breeding. In order to successfully solve the problem of regulating the composition of agrophytocenoses in scientific and practical buckling, it is important to know how the relations between plants in the process of their joint growth and development occurs, which changes take place in the botanical composition not only in species groups, but also in single-species crops of grasses on the eroded slope of steepness 6–7о on the basis of Rivne Institute of Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine. The results of research showed that it is economically expedient to grow grass-legume grass mixtures with a longer period of productive longevity using the low nitrogen fertilizer rates, which contributes to the formation of phytocenosis, in which valuable species of cereal and perennial bean grasses (beetroot grass and alfalfa sowing). The positive effect on the species composition of the grass was slight mowing in the phase of tubing. The results of the research showed that for the production of grass-legume grass, the hay-grass-free use should be sown with grass mixtures, the following herbs were added to the composition: alfalfa sowed (4.4 million pounds per hectare) + long beetroot horned (4.4 million pounds per hectare) + bromus inermis (3.4 million pounds per hectare) + lolium perenne (3.4 million pounds per hectare) of conditioned seeds that affect the species composition of the grass during the growing season. On the basis of the conducted researches it was established that the analysis of the species composition of the herb shows that the quantitative correlation of the species varied over the years, mainly from the biological characteristics of herbs that were part of the grass mixture. The percentage of sown species of grasses has grown with the age of grass. The results of researches, which showed that in four component grass mixtures, in the fertilization of grass with complete mineral fertilizers in the norm N60P60K90, dominant legume perennial grasses – beetroot horn (25.0%), alfalfa seed (30.9%), and cereals – stokolos seamless (21.7%) and Lolium multiflorum (13.0%). In a small number, during the years of research, self-seedling appeared timothy bean (2.0%), non-infected cereals (4.0%) and herbs – 3.4%. During the years of research on varieties, which were planted with alfalfa seed and beetroot, bean herbs predominated. The percentage of hare cattle was 88.5%, alfalfa seeded 91.4%.
Bangladesh in the road to Eliminate Viral Hepatitis B
Authors: Pervin Monira
Published: November 2018

Abstract not availableJ Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 86-88
Sera-epidemiology of Dengue Virus Infection in Clinically Suspected Patients Attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital During January to December 2016
Authors: Pervin Monira , Sweety Afroza Akbar , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Sharmin Rabeya , Fatema Nusrat , Rahman Md Anisur , Nehar Naznin , Yasmin Marufa , Khoda Mohammad Mehfuz E , Rahman Kazi Monisur , Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Dengue is now established as one of the most important Arboviral infection in tropical countries. As the epidemic continues worldwide, this Aedes mosquito-transmitted pathogen is considered a major re-emerging tropical disease and significant public health concern. The study was conducted to determine the sero-epidemiology and clinical picture of dengue virus infection among the clinically suspected patients attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital during January to December 2016.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 145 clinically suspected Dengue patients attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January to December 2016 who had fever with temperature >39°C. Blood sample was collected during acute febrile phase of patients and separated sera were tested for NS1 dengue antigen and IgM antibodies using commercial test kits (NS1 by OMC Healthcare (Pvt.) Ltd & IgM antibody by Omega Diagnostics Ltd.).Results: Of the total 145 patients 40 (27.6%) were positive for Dengue NS1 antigen and or IgM antibody test. Of the positive 40 patients, 18 (45%) were positive for NS1, 19 (47.5%) were positive for IgM and 3 (7.5%) were positive for both NS1 and IgM antibody. Major clinical manifestations were fever with arthralgia (79.5%) and retro-orbital pain (50%).Conclusion: Outbreak of Dengue fever is continuing every year and typical presentation of Dengue fever has changed. Arthralgia and retro orbital pain was the most common clinical feature in the present study instead of headache and rash with fever. A large number of suspected dengue cases were negative by Dengue tests for antigen NS1 and IgM antibody which suggests other organisms of similar clinical manifestations are becoming prevalent in Dhaka city.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 111-116
Outcome of Primigravida with high foetal head at term or onset of labour
Authors: Saha Mukti Rani , Yasmin Nahid , Chowdhury Afzalunnessa , Ahmed Shahrin , Sweety Kamrunnahar , Saha Madhurma
Published: November 2018

Objective: To determine the causes of high foetal head and their relative frequencies in primigravidae presenting at term and to determine the proportion of these patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section or vaginal delivery. Design: A descriptive study.Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Mugda Medical College Hospital from March 2017 to June 2017.Materials and Methods: A total of 50 primigravidae patients presenting at term and having a single pregnancy were randomly selected. On the basis of history, Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography, patients having a high foetal head were recognized and their causes documented.Results: Out of 50 primigravidae, with high foetal head there was foetal malpresentation 17(34%), Cephalopelvic disproportion 13(26%) , Foetal distress 12(24%). Lower segment caesarian section was the management of choice in more than half of the patients with high foetal head.Conclusions: Foetal malpresentation & Cephalopelvic disproportion were the major cause of high foetal head in this study and lower segment Caesarean section was the mode of delivery in more than half of the patients with high foetal head.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 122-125
Perinatal Outcome of Premature Rupture Membrane in Pregnancy
Authors: Begum Housneara , Roy Marlina , Shapla Nahid Reaz
Published: November 2018

Objective: To find out the effect of PROM on neonatal outcome so that we can pay more attention for the correct diagnosis and management of PROM in pregnancy which can reduce the perinatal mortality and morbidity caused by PROM.Methods: One hundred PROM cases were selected maintaining appropriate inclusion & exclusion criteria from the department of obstetrics & Gynaecology of BSMMU & DMCH and one hundred controlled cases were taken from the same during the period of January 2010 to December 2010. Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical program to determine the effect of PROM on neonatal health.Results: In this study, 44% babies of PROM patients had various type of morbidity compare to 24% of patients with intact membrane. In PROM patients, perinatal mortality was 7% in this study compare to 5% with intact membrane. Causes of perinatal death in PROM was severe asphyxia (4%), RDS (5%) & neonatal sepsis (6%) mainly.Conclusion: All fetal complications were significantly higher in PROM patients who received treatment after prolonged rupture of membrane. Appropriate antibiotic coverage in appropriate time will reduce fetal morbidity.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 135-139
Correlation of Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yeasmin Nahid , Akhter Qazi Shamima , Mahmuda Sayeeda , Yeasmin Sultana , Afroz Rumana , Hasan Mahmudul , Rabbani Rukhshana , Akhter Shamima , Chowdhury Md Ashif Mashud , Dhar Uma
Published: November 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread endocrine disorders in female and its complications are increasing all over the world, leading to life threatening medical problems like cardiovascular diseases, stroke and end stage renal diseases. A correlation between hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been identified. The study was carried out to observe the correlation of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level with type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult female subjects.Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. Total sixty female subjects were selected with age ranging from 30 to 50 years. Among them 30 female subjects with diabetes mellitus were included from out-patient department of Endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka as study group (B) and 30 apparently healthy females were taken as control group (A) for comparison. Estimation of serum fasting serum LDL-C and HDL-C levels was done by enzymatic method in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College Dhaka in both groups. Fasting serum insulin level was measured by ELISA method in the laboratory of National Institute of ENT, Dhaka and fasting blood glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College in both groups. Data were analyzed by Unpaired Student’s- test and Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (r) test as applicable.Results: The value of fasting serum LDL-C level was significantly higher in study subjects than those of control. Again, fasting serum HDL-C level was significantly lower in study subjects in comparison to controls. In study subjects fasting serum LDL showed positive correlation and fasting serum HDL-C levels showed negative correlation with fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level.Conclusion: Present study reveals that serum insulin and blood glucose level have positive relationship with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and negative relationship with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 140-147
Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized 7% Hypertonic Saline versus 3% Hypertonic Saline in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Mollah Md Abid Hossain , Khan Tafazzal Hossain , Shaha Chandan Kumar , Uddin Md Zahir , Khanam Shahana
Published: November 2018

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is an acute viral lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood and is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants below 2 years of age. Being a viral disease, there is no effective treatment of this problem other than supportive care. To provide this care, both 3% hypertonic saline and 7% hypertonic saline has been used and found effective. However, which option is more effective to reduce clinical severity and length of hospital stay, still remain unsettled.Objective: To determined the efficacy of 7% hypertonic saline in children with acute bronchiolitis.Methodology: The study was a randomized controlled trial and carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka between January 2015 to December 2016. A total of 135 children from 1 month to 2 years of age irrespective of sex with clinical presentation of acute bronchiolitis admitted in the paediatrics ward of DMCH were included in the study and were randomly assigned to either 7% nebulized hypertonic saline (Group-I = 45) or to 3% nebulized hypertonic saline (Group-II = 90) in ratio (1:2). The main outcome variables were clinical severity score and length of hospital stay. The outcome was evaluated at 12 hourly and 24 hourly intervals till discharge (up to 120 hours)Result: In this study both groups were almost similar with respect to their demographic characteristics like age and sex and baseline clinical characteristics. The study demonstrated that respiratory rate score, wheezing score, retraction score, general condition score and clinical severity score of both treatment modalities were reduced. Children of group-I(7% HS) 40(88.9%) recovered at the end of 72 hours where as 67(74.4%) of the children of group-II(3% HS) recovered from the disease during the same period. Length of hospital stay was shorter in 7% hypertonic saline group compared to 3% hypertonic saline group (56.36±16.33 hours vs63.07±21.48 hours, p=.067). The patients of 7% hypertonic saline group required a shorter duration of oxygen therapy compared to 3% hypertonic saline group (16.53±3.98) hours vs (20.25± 4.15) hours, (p=0.109) respectively.Conclusion: Nebulized 7% hypertonic saline as well as 3% hypertonic saline both were effective in acute bronchiolitis and found no significant difference in efficacy between these options in terms of reducing clinical severity, length of hospital stay and duration of oxygen therapy. No side effect were observed in either group.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 153-156
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Spinal Tumors and Its Comparison with Histopathological Findings
Authors: Saha Gopal Chandra , Biswas Prodip Kumar , Rahman Md Motlabur , Hossain Mohammed Shahadat , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Kabir AKM Humayon , Alam Ferdous , Paul Tushit
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of MRI in evaluation of spinal tumors.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. The data was collected from July 2011 to June 2013 and total 51 patients were included in the study. Data was collected from MRI diagnosed spinal tumors who attended at Radiology and Imaging department of DMCH from OPD and indoor patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI for evaluation of spinal tumors were detected.Results: Out of 51 patients 26 (51%) was intradural extramedullary, 13 (25.5%) was extradural and 12 (23.5%) was intramedullary. Distribution of patients according to MR diagnosis. Among the 51 patients 40 were diagnosed spinal tumor and 11 were not spinal tumor by MRI. Among the 40 spinal tumuor diagnosed 12 (23.5%) were schwannoma, 02 (3.9%) were neuro fibroma, 11(21.6%) were meningioma, 07(13.7%) were ependymoma, 05(9.8%) were astrocytoma, 02(3.9%) were metastasis and 1 (2.0%) was osteoblastoma. Out of all cases 40 were diagnosed as spinal tumour by MRI and among them 39 were confirmed by histopathological evaluation. They were true positive. One case was diagnosed as having spinal tumour by MRI but not confirmed by histopathological findings. That was false positive. Out of 11 cases of non tumour which were confirmed by MRI, 3 were confirmed as spinal tumour and 8 were non-tumour by histopathological findings. They were false negative and true negative respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of the MRI in the diagnosis of spinal tumour were 92.86%, 88.89%, 97.50%, 72.73% and 92.15% respectively.Conclusion: The present study conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of MRI in evaluation of spinal tumors among the Bangladeshi population. Study revealed high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the MRI in the diagnosis of spinal tumour. MRI should be the initial procedure in the evaluation of suspected tumors of the spine.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 162-166
L’institution scolaire aux prises avec la démocratie sexuelle : les effets différentiels de la ‘théorie-du-genre’ sur les pratiques enseignantes
Authors: Pachoud Marie
Published: November 2018

À partir d’une enquête qualitative auprès de personnels enseignants du premier degré, cet article interroge les effets de la polémique autour de la ‘théorie-du-genre’ à l’école sur les pratiques enseignantes. Il montre que cette polémique, si elle a pu freiner la mise en place de certaines actions pro-égalité au sein de l’école, a échoué à bousculer les systèmes de pratiques enseignantes, du fait d’une absence généralisée d’adhésion des enseignant·e·s aux messages portés par les mouvements autour de ‘la manif pour tous’. On observe dès lors une certaine distance du corps enseignant, et, par son biais, de l’institution scolaire, vis-à-vis de la construction de la ‘théorie-du-genre’ comme problème social.
Femmes et rayons X. Voir et pouvoir
Authors: Ronca Miriam , Sofio Séverine
Published: November 2018

Cet article s’interroge sur le processus de lecture des images médicales et sur la façon dont le corps est lu et rendu lisible aux yeux de l’observateur. Il analyse, en particulier, la manière dont les radiographies mettent au jour la différence sexuelle et fabriquent, en le sexuant, le biologique de façon dichotomique selon des oppositions de genre. En investissant depuis une perspective de genre la relation entre femmes et techniques d’imagerie, l’objectif est d’examiner comment la pratique de la radiographie à une époque ‘pré-échographique’ réduit le corps de la femme à un corps enceint et comment ce dernier est représenté par un ensemble d’organes sexuels et de parties mesurables.
La sensation et son objet. Une lecture des Anticipations de la perception
Authors: Beauron Éric
Published: November 2018

Cet article analyse la relation entre la sensation et son objet telle qu’elle apparaît dans les Anticipations de la perception de la Critique de la raison pure . Montrant que ni l’interprétation phénoméniste ni celle, causale, de la seconde Analogie, ne sont adéquates afin d’en rendre compte, on explique que c’est le concept d’influence, issu de la troisième Analogie, qui permet d’établir le fondement ontologique de la « correspondance » entre la grandeur intensive de la sensation et celle de son objet, le « réel dans le phénomène ».
Adhésion et justification
Authors: Rauzy Jean-Baptiste
Published: November 2018

Les croyances ont une face subjective – elles existent parmi les états mentaux d’un agent éventuellement rationnel – et une face objective : avoir une croyance est essentiellement pour l’agent représenter quelque chose comme existant dans son environnement ou, s’il dispose d’un tel concept, représenter un contenu comme vrai. La relation des deux faces de la croyance a été souvent envisagée dans la littérature, donnant lieu à différents slogans plus ou moins heureux, par exemple que la croyance vise le vrai, ou que le vrai est la norme de la croyance et de l’assertion. La lecture du texte de Gil sur la conviction suggère de reconsidérer cette relation et d’isoler un élément de la croyance, que j’appelle adhésion, qui lui-même se décline sous deux aspects, tenir pour vrai et tenir pour sien. Cette adhésion n’est ni identique ni réductible à l’acquiescement (section 2). Elle a sa phénoménologie propre (section 3) et est profondément bidimensionnelle (section 4). Elle est idéalement, c’est-à-dire seulement dans certaines situations de rationalité forte, une fonction de la justification (section 5). Enfin et surtout : elle doit être envisagée en combinant le profil modal du contenu de la croyance et le profil modal de l’élément attitudinal, c’est-à-dire du mode intentionnel (section 6).
Troubles de personnalité borderline/état-limite maternels et comportements d’attachement du bébé à 13 mois
Authors: Genet Marie-Camille , Golse Bernard , Devouche Emmanuel , Apter Gisèle
Published: November 2018

La maternité représente une véritable crise nécessitant un réaménagement des imagos maternelles au sein du processus de parentalité qui peut ébranler l’identité des mères déjà fragilisées par la pathologie borderline et impacter la qualité des comportements d’attachement de l’enfant à venir. Cet article restitue l’évaluation, à l’âge de 13 mois, des comportements d’attachement des bébés de mères présentant un trouble de personnalité borderline (TPB) ; celle-ci s’inscrit dans une recherche longitudinale prospective sur une cohorte de dyades mère-bébé incluant 14 mères TPB avec ou sans épisode(s) dépressif(s) et 13 mères « contrôle », sans troubles. La qualité des patterns d’attachement à 13 mois a été évaluée grâce à la « Situation Étrange » (Ainsworth et al., 1978) au sein d’une recherche visant plus largement à éclairer la manière dont ces comportements d’attachement s’ancrent dans la particularité des dysfonctionnements interactifs mère-bébé à 13 mois faisant l’objet d’autres publications. Selon nos résultats, les enfants du groupe « contrôle » sont en moyenne très constants dans l’expression de leurs comportements d’attachement, au cours de la « Situation Étrange ». Au contraire, les bébés du groupe TPB mettent en œuvre des comportements d’une grande variabilité qui constituerait une difficulté supplémentaire pour leurs mères pour anticiper leurs réactions. Nous avons ainsi observé plus de comportements d’attachement insécure et/ou désorganisé chez les enfants du groupe TPB. Les difficultés dans les comportements d’attachement amplifient les fragilités relationnelles mère-enfant déjà présentes.
Les effets d’un exil institué : à propos des enfants réunionnais transplantés en métropole
Authors: Feldman Marion
Published: November 2018

Cette étude montre les traces des traumatismes chez des adultes nés sur l’Île de la Réunion entre 1957 et 1970, âgés aujourd’hui entre 45 et 60 ans, qui ont vécu un exil institué par la politique de Michel Debré entre 1963 et 1984 : la transplantation de 2 015 enfants de l’Île de la Réunion vers la Métropole. Cet exil s’est appuyé sur les institutions dont celle de la protection de l’enfance de l’époque : la DDASS (Direction départementale des affaires sociales et sanitaires). À partir d’entretiens de recherche, cet article montre que ces enfants réunionnais ont vécu un abus de filiation, via des « traumatismes cumulatifs », abus toujours actif aujourd’hui dans la mesure où l’État français n’a pas encore reconnu la souffrance de ces enfants, souffrance induite par une opération politique. Ces Réunionnais présentent un certain nombre de troubles psychiques liés à la désaffiliation brutale et à leur vécu abandonnique, souvent aggravés par des faits de maltraitance. Leur identité encore suspendue est difficile voire impossible à assumer, et ces difficultés se répercutent sur leur descendance.
L’utilisation des indices de développement de l’échelle Vineland avec l’enfant autiste et ses parents : entre évaluation et remaillage des liens
Authors: Traoré Faty , Drieu Didier , Boissel Anne , Sanahuja Maria de la Almudena , Coatantiec Pierrette
Published: November 2018

Nous rendons compte ici d’une expérience de notre clinique institutionnelle avec des enfants souffrant de troubles du spectre autistique en hôpital de jour. Notre objectif princeps est de trouver un accompagnement psychologique en s’appuyant sur l’évaluation par la VABS (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales) qui soit en adéquation avec les préoccupations des parents et des soignants, ce afin de les accompagner au mieux dans une démarche compréhensive des effets des troubles sur l’enfant et les liens. Nous avons recueilli grâce à la double passation de l’échelle auprès des parents et des soignants référents leurs représentations sur les troubles de l’enfant, mais aussi sur ses compétences et ses ressources potentielles en émergence. Nous illustrons comment la VABS joue un rôle de médiation sur le suivi institutionnel d’une fillette atteinte de trouble envahissant du développement. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence des possibilités d’évolution de notre pratique clinique selon une approche intégrative et plurielle de la prise en charge institutionnelle et, en particulier, dans l’accompagnement des parents d’enfants atteints de troubles du spectre autistique.
Le syndrome de burnout ou d’épuisement maternel : une revue critique de la question
Authors: Lebert-Charron Astrid , Wendland Jaqueline , Dorard Géraldine , Boujut Émilie
Published: November 2018

Cet article propose une revue critique de la littérature récente sur la notion de burnout maternel. Dérivée du syndrome de burnout professionnel, l’application de ce concept au domaine de la parentalité est récente et il convient d’évaluer dans quelle mesure ce phénomène constitue une nouvelle entité clinique. Une analyse des facteurs de risque potentiels de burnout maternel est proposée. Ensuite, les points de rapprochement et de divergence avec les notions de burden, de dépression maternelle et de stress parental sont explorés. Cette revue de littérature suggère la nécessité d’élaborer des recherches empiriques permettant de mieux définir le concept de burnout maternel, ses composantes, son processus d’apparition ainsi que d’identifier ses facteurs de risque et de protection. De telles études pourraient mener à la proposition de modalités de prévention, mais aussi de soins spécifiques pour les mères atteintes de ce syndrome, domaine qui demeure à ce jour inexploré.
Les récentes évolutions de la protection fonctionnelle du fonctionnaire
Authors: Pauthe Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Résumé La protection que l’administration doit à ses agents a été récemment renforcée et le champ de ses bénéficiaires a été étendu. Cet article présente une synthèse de ces évolutions tout en adoptant une démarche critique. Il met en exergue certaines imperfections, comme le fait de continuer d’exclure la protection aux agents de droit privé alors que le régime de protection a vocation à protéger le service public pour le compte duquel chaque agent travaille.
Y a-t-il une forme de vie humaine chez Spinoza ?
Authors: Renz Ursula
Published: November 2018

Depuis quelques années, la philosophie s’intéresse de plus en plus à la notion de forme de vie humaine. D’un côté, quelques philosophes ont avancé que pour décrire l’existence d’un être vivant, il faut faire référence à la forme de vie caractéristique de son espèce. D’un autre côté, plusieurs penseurs ont soutenu la thèse qu’on ne peut pas évaluer une pratique sans la comprendre dans le contexte de la forme de vie humaine. Le présent article discute la question de savoir si l’idée de la forme de vie humaine est présente chez Spinoza. Prenant comme point de départ l’idée d’un bien de l’homme, invoquée dans les Pensées métaphysiques et dans des passages parallèles de l’Éthique, l’article soutient que la pensée philosophique de Spinoza admet effectivement la notion d’espèce humaine. S’appuyant ensuite sur un examen de sa correspondance avec Henry Oldenburg, l’article défend une interprétation de la doctrine spinoziste des modalités qui permet d’admettre des capacités humaines non actualisées. L’article interroge alors la relation entre la doctrine spinoziste des modalités et la doctrine du conatus, avant de s’achever sur quelques remarques sur le rôle de la culture dans le développement de la forme de vie humaine. En somme, l’article défend l’idée que l’on peut trouver la notion de forme de vie humaine chez Spinoza et il montre dans quelle mesure cette notion est importante pour certains aspects de la pensée spinoziste.
L’éducation comme création de soi chez Max Stirner
Authors: Lucet Anatole
Published: November 2018

Il est courant d’attribuer au projet éducatif une finalité émancipatrice. Rien de moins évident pourtant que cette association, y compris sur un plan théorique. Le philosophe allemand Max Stirner (1806-1856), considéré par certains comme l’un des pères de l’anarchisme individualiste, fut le précurseur d’une pensée pédagogique radicale visant à favoriser l’émergence d’un moi autonome. Cet article analyse les fins et les modalités de l’éducation selon Stirner pour y relever certains paradoxes constitutifs du projet d’éducation émancipatrice. Il prolonge enfin l’analyse de Stirner en envisageant ses déclinaisons pratiques pour la pédagogie contemporaine.
Collaborating Without (Formal) Organization
Authors: Hussenot Anthony , Sergi Viviane
Published: November 2018

This chapter focuses on independent workers and on the organizational specificities of the independent workers' phenomenon. The authors treat independent workers as an emergent and continually shifting organizational phenomenon questioning some of our assumptions about what organizations are and revealing trends that are currently reshaping work. They suggest viewing the independent workers' phenomenon as an open organizational phenomenon in which activities are project-oriented, temporality-oriented, and inclusive. This chapter contributes to an understanding of the independent workers' phenomenon as an organizational one that constantly (re)defines rules, roles, and statuses making the activities possible. It also contributes to a broader reflection on the matter of organization. Considered as an open organizational phenomenon, the independent workers' phenomenon calls the organization-society dualism into question. Finally, revealing the organizational aspects of independent workers' activities allows us to better understand some of the transformations that are nowadays affecting more traditional forms of work.
The Potential of Cognitive Social Mining Applications in Data Analytics for Protecting Social Media Users for National and International Security
Authors: Uma S. , SenthilKumar T
Published: November 2018

Using social media has become an integral part of life for people of different demographics for information exchange, searching, maintaining contact networks, marketing, locating job opportunities etc. Social networking is used for education, research, business, advertisements and entertainment. Social media platforms are prone to cybercrime, which is a threat not only for the individual user but for national and international security according to the National Security Council Report. With the advent of big data storage and analytics abilities, decision making is a potential problem and requires smarter machines to organize data faster, make better sense of it, discover insights, learn, adapt and improve over time without direct programming. Cognitive computing makes it easy to unveil the patterns hidden in unstructured data and make more informed decision on consequential matters. In this chapter is a discussion of the challenges and opportunities in social mining services and the applications of cognitive technology towards national security.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence Technologies to Achieve Machining Objectives
Authors: Deivanathan R.
Published: November 2018

Bridging the design, planning and manufacturing departments of a production enterprise is not a conclusive effort for the implementation of computer integrated manufacturing. Continuous interaction and seamless exchange of information among these functions is needed and requires the maintenance of a large database and user-friendly search and optimization techniques. Among several artificial intelligence techniques capable of the above task, four important and popular ones are, expert systems, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. In this chapter, these four techniques have been conceptually studied in detail and exemplified by reviewing an application in the manufacturing domain. Successful implementations of artificial intelligence that are recently reported in machining domain are also reviewed, suggesting potential applications in the future.
E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Franchising
Authors: Chen Ye-Sho
Published: November 2018

Franchising has been a popular approach to growing a business. Developing an effective strategy of e-entrepreneurship and innovation for growing a franchise business and making it resilient is also getting popular. In this article, the authors show that building up a good “family” relationship between the franchisor, the franchisees, and the communities is the real essence of franchising, and the e-entrepreneurship and innovation strategy shall be designed to enhance and advance the “family” relationship. Specifically, the authors discuss the strategy of how to make e-entrepreneurship and innovation “meaningful” in franchising. Future trends on making franchises resilient, cyber security and sustainability are also discussed.
Teachers’ Understanding of Menstrual Cycle in Navakholo Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Sakwa Jedidah M. , Okunya Luke Odiemo
Published: November 2018

Teenage pregnancy is a major social problem in Kakamega County in Kenya that tends to have negative ramifications especially on the lives of young girls. Recent studies have documented school children lack the necessary skills to manage their sexual life due to the misconceptions they have about menstrual cycle despite having gone through Kenyan school science curriculum. This can be supported by worldwide reports that teachers can actually be one of the sources of such misconceptions in their learners. This study sought to assess teachers’ understanding of menstrual cycle in Navakholo sub-county, Kakamega County, Kenya. A case study design with a mixed-method approach was used in two secondary schools in Navakholo sub-County, Kakamega County Kenya. A mixed gender sample of 20 teachers aged 24 years and above, responded to a multiple choice questionnaire targeting the menstrual cycle concept. Four focus group discussions and 4 Key Informant Interviews were conducted. Three levels of understanding emerged in the data analysis, i.e., Full Comprehensive Basic, Full Comprehensive Intermediate and Full Comprehensive Understanding. There was a statistically significant relationship be full comprehensive understanding level and ones knowledge of menstrual cycle, (χ2=13.7620, p=0.003). Basic understanding was found to have no statistically significant effect on knowledge (t=-0.44, p=0.661) at the 5% level of significance. Intermediate understanding was found to have statistically significant effect on knowledge (t=-1.89, p=0.062) at the 10% level of significance. Full understanding had positive and statistically significant effect on knowledge (t=5.33, p=0.0000) at the 5% level of significance. As the understanding graduated from basic through intermediate to full comprehensive understanding, the fewer the number of respondents who achieved higher level of understanding. Full comprehensive understanding of the concept of menstrual cycle was not achieved by the majority meaning that teachers lack a high level understanding of the menstrual cycle concept.
The Reality of Education on Global Citizenship in Jordanian Schools
Authors: AlZboon Mohammad Saleem , AlSleibi Sarra AbdelHalim , Alofishat Nisreen Abdalhafed , Harahsheh Alaa Ahmad
Published: November 2018

The study aimed at identifying the reality of education on international citizenship in Jordanian schools from the point of view of the secondary school teachers in Jordan and knowing that there are statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) in the sample of the study due to gender, specialization and years of experience. The study consisted of (33) items divided into (3) areas (school administration, school curriculum and teacher), and the sample of the study consisted of (516) teachers and teachers of secondary school in Balqa Governorate. the tool.

The results showed that the reality of education on global citizenship in Jordanian schools from the point of view of teachers came to a medium degree of the tool as a whole, and where the order of areas as follows: teacher, school administration, school curriculum. The results also showed that there were significant differences in (α = 0.05) in the field of school administration due to the gender variable and for the benefit of males, and there were no statistically significant differences in the school curriculum, teacher and the tool as a whole due to gender variable. (1 to 5 years), and there were no statistically significant differences in the school curricula, school administration, and the whole instrument due to the difference in specialization. For the variable of experience of the recommendations in the light of the results reached by the need to rehabilitate and train teachers and school administrations on how to achieve education on global citizenship by subjecting them to multiple training programs before and during the service and the need to include values, knowledge and skills of education on global citizenship in the school curriculum more clearly and accurately. Which is based on critical thinking, problem solving, cooperative work and work through projects.
Emotions, Behavior, and the Mediating Role of Climate
Authors: Suifan Taghrid S.
Published: November 2018

This study examined the impact of emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior with organizational climate as the mediator, in the context of Jordanian pharmaceutical companies. The study addresses the gap in the research that examines the mediating effect organizational climate has on organizational citizenship behavior and emotional intelligence. Quantifiable data were collected using a survey questionnaire, and statistical analyses were performed, including correlation and regression analysis. This study indicates that organizational climate is of great importance in Jordanian pharmaceutical companies because it tended to promote efficiency and effectiveness among employees. Organizational climate mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior; if emotionally intelligent employees are provided with a positive organizational climate, only then can they contribute positively towards organizational citizenship behavior. The study is helpful in understanding how organizational citizenship behavior has become a factor underlying job satisfaction. Therefore, Jordanian pharmaceutical companies should focus on developing a culture in which employees can achieve goals and feel satisfied.
Polyamines interfere with protein ubiquitylation and cause depletion of intracellular amino acids: a possible mechanism for cell growth inhibition
Authors: Sayas Enric , Pérez‐Benavente Beatriz , Manzano Concepción , Farràs Rosa , Alejandro Santiago , del Pozo Juan Carlos , Ferrando Alejandro , Serrano Ramón
Published: November 2018

Spermidine is a polyamine present in eukaryotes with essential functions in protein synthesis. At high concentrations spermidine and norspermidine inhibit growth by unknown mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis of the effect of norspermidine on the plant Arabidopsis thaliana indicates upregulation of the response to heat stress and denatured proteins. Accordingly, these polyamines inhibit protein ubiquitylation, both in vivo (in yeast, Arabidopsis, and human Hela cells) and in vitro (with recombinant ubiquitin ligase). This interferes with protein degradation by the proteasome, a situation known to deplete cells of amino acids. Norspermidine treatment of yeast cells induces amino acid depletion, and supplementation of media with amino acids counteracts growth inhibition and cellular amino acid depletion but not inhibition of protein polyubiquitylation.
Self‐Healing and Injectable Hydrogel for Matching Skin Flap Regeneration
Authors: Mao Xiyuan , Cheng Ruoyu , Zhang Hongbo , Bae Jinhong , Cheng Liying , Zhang Lu , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo , Zhang Yuguang , Santos Hélder A. , Sun Xiaoming
Published: November 2018

The fabrication of highly biocompatible hydrogels with multiple unique healing abilities for the whole healing process, for example, multifunctional hydrogels with injectable, degradation, antibacterial, antihypoxic, and wound healing–promoting properties that match the dynamic healing process of skin flap regeneration, is currently a research challenge. Here, a multifunctional and dynamic coordinative polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel with mangiferin liposomes (MF‐Lip@PEG) is developed for clinical applications through Ag–S coordination of four‐arm‐PEG‐SH and Ag+. Compared to MF‐PEG, MF‐Lip@PEG exhibits self‐healing properties, lower swelling percentages, and a longer endurance period. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibits excellent drug dispersibility and release characteristics for slow and persistent drug delivery. In vitro studies show that the hydrogel is biocompatible and nontoxic to cells, and exerts an outstanding neovascularization‐promoting effect. The MF‐Lip@PEG also exhibits a strong cytoprotective effect against hypoxia‐induced apoptosis through regulation of the Bax/Bcl‐2/caspase‐3 pathway. In a random skin flap animal model, the MF‐Lip@PEG is injectable and convenient to deliver into the skin flap, providing excellent anti‐inflammation, anti‐infection, and proneovascularization effects and significantly reducing the skin flap necrosis rate. In general, the MF‐Lip@PEG possesses outstanding multifunctionality for the dynamic healing process of skin flap regeneration.
Guiding Uniform Li Plating/Stripping through Lithium–Aluminum Alloying Medium for Long‐Life Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Ye Huan , Zheng Zi‐Jian , Yao Hu‐Rong , Liu Shun‐Chang , Zuo Tong‐Tong , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Yin Ya‐Xia , Li Nian‐Wu , Gu Jiang‐Jiang , Cao Fei‐Fei , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: November 2018

The uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites upon cycling might result in low coulombic efficiency and severe safety hazards. Herein, a lithiophilic binary lithium–aluminum alloy layer, which was generated through an in situ electrochemical process, was utilized to guide the uniform metallic Li nucleation and growth, free from the formation of dendrites. Moreover, the formed LiAl alloy layer can function as a Li reservoir to compensate the irreversible Li loss, enabling long‐term stability. The protected Li electrode shows superior cycling over 1700 h in a Li|Li symmetric cell.
Synthesis of Azobenzene Dyes Mediated by CotA Laccase
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Baptista Sara R. , Martins Lígia O. , Robalo M. Paula
Published: November 2018

An eco‐friendly protocol for the synthesis of azobenzene dyes by oxidative coupling of primary aromatic amines is reported. As efficient biocatalytic systems, CotA laccase and CotA laccase/ABTS (2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) enable the oxidation of various substituted anilines, in aqueous medium, ambient atmosphere and under mild reaction conditions of pH and temperature. A series of azobenzene dyes were prepared in good to excellent yields in an one‐pot reaction. A mechanistic proposal for the formation of the azo derivatives is presented. Our strategy offers an alternative approach for the direct synthesis of azobenzene dyes, avoiding the harsh conditions generally required for most of the traditional synthetic methods.
Covalent Linkage of an R‐ω‐Transaminase to a d‐Amino Acid Oxidase through Protein Splicing to Enhance Enzymatic Catalysis of Transamination
Authors: Du Kun , Li Rong , Zhang Dongrui , Feng Wei
Published: November 2018

R‐ω‐Transaminases (RTAs) catalyse the conversion of R‐configured amines [e.g., (R)‐1‐phenylethylamine] into the corresponding ketones (e.g., acetophenone), by transferring an amino group from an amino donor [e.g., (R)‐1‐phenylethylamine] onto an amino acceptor (e.g., pyruvate), resulting in a co‐product (e.g., d‐alanine). d‐Alanine can be deaminated back to pyruvate by d‐amino acid oxidase (DAAOs). Here, through in vivo subunit splicing, the N terminus of an RTA subunit (RTAS) was specifically ligated to the C terminus of a DAAO subunit (DAAOS) through native peptide bonds (RTA&DAAO). RTAS is in close proximity to DAAOS, at a molecular‐scale distance. Thus the transfer of pyruvate and d‐alanine between RTA and DAAO can be directional and efficient. Pyruvate→d‐alanine→pyruvate cycles are efficiently formed, thus promoting the forward transamination reaction. In a different, in vitro noncovalent approach, based on coiled‐coil association, the RTAS N terminus was specifically associated with the DAAOS C terminus (RTA#DAAO). In addition, the two mixed individual enzymes (RTA+DAAO) were also studied. RTA&DAAO has a shorter distance between the paired subunits (RTAS–DAAOS) than RTA#DAAO, and the number of the paired subunits is higher than in the case of RTA#DAAO, whereas RTA+DAAO cannot form the paired subunits. RTA&DAAO exhibited a transamination catalysis efficiency higher than that of RTA#DAAO and much higher than that of RTA+DAAO.
Light‐Triggered Covalent Coupling of Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xia Huawei , Gao Yinjia , Yin Ling , Cheng Xiaju , Wang Anna , Zhao Meng , Ding Jianan , Shi Haibin
Published: November 2018

Manipulating the cross‐coupling of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to maximize the photothermal effect is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Here, by taking advantage of the well‐known tetrazole/alkene photoclick chemistry, we have demonstrated for the first time that small AuNPs (23 nm) decorated with both 2,5‐diphenyltetrazole and methacrylic acid on their surfaces can form covalently crosslinked aggregates upon laser irradiation (λ=405 nm). In vitro studies indicated that the light‐triggered assembling shifted the surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs significantly to near‐infrared (NIR) regions, which as a consequence effectively enhanced the efficacy of photothermal therapy for 4T1 breast cancer cells. We thus believe that this new light‐triggered cross‐coupling approach might offer a valuable tool for cancer treatment.
Varying‐association copula models for multivariate survival data
Authors: Li Hui , Cao Zhiqiang , Yin Guosheng
Published: November 2018

To accommodate possible changes in the correlation structure of multivariate survival data, a class of varying‐association copula models is developed. The proposed model enables the association parameter to vary nonlinearly over an exposure variable, which greatly enhances the flexibility of copula models. A two‐stage estimation procedure is developed to obtain the estimators for the regression and correlation parameters. The first stage estimates the regression parameters based on the marginal proportional hazards model for each event type, and the second stage applies the B‐spline technique to estimate the varying‐association parameter by maximizing the plugged‐in likelihood function. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established, and simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite‐sample performance of our method. A real data example from the Framingham Heart Study is used to illustrate this approach.The Canadian Journal of Statistics46: 556–576; 2018 © 2018 Société statistique du Canada