bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on active-passive integrated vibration isolator based on metal rubber and piezoelectric actuator
Authors: Jin Jiaxi , Sun Xuan , Liu Yuechen , Chen Zhaobo
Published: August 2024

The paper introduces a novel active-passive integrated vibration isolator based on metal rubber and piezoelectric actuator, along with an adaptive active vibration control strategy. The active control strategy employs the adaptive dynamic step filtered-x normalized least mean squares algorithm, allowing the step size to adaptively adjust with the error. The secondary control path of the algorithm is modeled using the enhanced rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii model and the auto-regressive with extra inputs model. The active-passive integrated vibration isolator achieves broadband vibration isolation from 10 to 200 Hz. Compared to passive isolation, the transmissibility decreases from 0.99 to 0.056 at 10 Hz, from 3.02 to 0.068 at the resonance frequency, and from 0.057 to 0.046 at 200 Hz. This study provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for the design of a novel, broadband, and efficient active-passive integrated vibration isolator structure and active control method.
Comparative electrochemical properties of MO (ZrO2, V2O5) based polyaniline nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Saleh Ebraheem Abdu Musad , Sadiq Maria , Asif Sana Ullah , Khan Imran
Published: August 2024

Due to its distinctive qualities, such as its moderate energy density, extended service life, rapid discharge–charge rates, and superior safety, supercapacitors (SCs) are gaining more and more attention. A zirconium oxide ZrO2 (Zr) and vanadium oxide V2O5 (VO) based PANI nanocomposites, denoted as (ZrP for ZrO2/PANI, and VOP for V2O5/PANI) are fabricated using hydrothermal technique in this research work. Morphological and phase investigations validated the random particle shapes with good crystallinity and purity of the samples. The N2 sorption/desorption isotherm reveals a mesoporous feature of the electrodes and the highest BET surface area (36.5 m2/g) with large electroactive sites, which offers abundant faradaic reactions for charge storage. The I-V characteristics confirm their excellent conduction capabilities as well. When utilized as electrodes for SCs in the three-electrode setup, the VOP composite electrode attains the highest capacitance of 1372 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 compared with other active electrodes. Besides that, the VOP electrodes offer superior cyclic stability, with a retention rate of 94.28% even after 7000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. It has been discovered that the in two electrode VOP asymmetric device exhibited remarkable specific capacitance of 651.36 Fg−1 at 5 mV s−1 demonstrating a significant capacitance retention of 87.6% over 6000 cycles. The results suggest that the material could be a good contender for electrode materials in supercapacitors.
Quad-band dual-port MIMO microstrip antenna with double integrated circularly polarized bands for 4G/5G wireless applications
Authors: Sharma Usha , Srivastava Garima , Khandelwal Mukesh Kumar , Chaurasia Praveen
Published: August 2024

A quad-band two-port MIMO antenna is presented with four operating bands at 2.4, 3.5, 5.8, and 8.2 GHz to serve WLAN, 4G LTE, 5G & ITU applications, respectively. The wide impedance bandwidth of 13.33% (2.28–2.60 GHz), 21.62% (2.98–3.74 GHz), 8.9% (5.58–6.10 GHz) and 4.8% (8.00–8.44 GHz) is achieved at respective operating bands. The antenna also provides circular polarization at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. It is fabricated on FR4 substrate of 50 × 76 × 1.6 mm3 dimensions. The isolation between both ports is below 28 dB within all four operating bands. The radiation efficiency is about 90% in the first two bands whereas it is about 75% in the remaining two bands. The presented MIMO antenna shows better radiation characteristics along with satisfactory diversity performance. Experimental results of the fabricated prototype validate the simulated results.
Characterization of ferromagnetic semiconductors and valley polarization in janus VBXS2(X = N, P) monolayers
Authors: Long Mei , Miao Feng , Xu Min , Feng Shi-quan , Yang Yang
Published: August 2024

The manipulation of the valley degree of freedom has attracted increasing attention in both fundamental scientific research and emerging applications. Here, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the structural stability and electronic properties of Janus monolayers of VBXS2 (X=N, P). These materials exhibit characteristics of ferromagnetic semiconductors, with their valence band maximum located at the K/K′ point. Due to the combined effects of inversion symmetry breaking and time reversal symmetry breaking, VBNS2 and VBPS2 exhibit exotic spontaneous valley polarization in their top valence bands, measured at magnitudes of 48.6 meV and 47.6 meV, respectively. Consequently, this phenomenon potentially enables the observation of the anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE). The unique electronic and valleytronic properties exhibited by Janus VBXS2 suggest a feasible experimental avenue for exploring ferrovalley (FV) and valley-related Hall effects within a two dimensional lattice.
Terahertz wide-band wide-angle absorber and polarization converter based on VO2 metamaterial
Authors: Li Xin , Zhou Yaxin , Nie Sihan , Sun Pengfei , Su Lijing , Gao Yang
Published: August 2024

In this study, a Terahertz wide-band wide-angle absorber and polarization converter based on VO2 metamaterial is proposed. The device is simulated by using full-wave electromagnetic computing software CST. The device functions as a wide-band absorber while VO2 is in the metallic mode. In the 1.82 THz to 4.27 THz band, the absorption efficiency exceeds 90% and the relative bandwidth reaches 81.4%. The absorption mechanism is analyzed bying equivalent circuit theory. Additionally, the absorber can work at large polarization angle and incident angle. While VO2 is in the insulated mode, the design can convert the incident y-polarized terahertz wave into the x-polarized state and realize the transformation of linear polarization. Polarization conversion efficiency (PCR) exceeds 90% in the band of 1.57 THz to 3.82 THz, with a relative bandwidth of 83.5%. The device also supports large incidence angle tolerances. These results show that the disigned metamaterial device has potential applications in absorption, polarization conversion and imaging.
Halide perovskite and few-layer silicon-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for the detection of chemical and biochemical sensing
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Trabelsi Youssef , Garia Lalit , Kakar Varun Kumar , Pal Amrindra
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the combined effect of perovskite/silicon (Si) material on the performance of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using the Kretschmann structure. The proposed sensor incorporates the BAF10/Cu/perovskite materials/Si/sensing medium (SM) layers. This paper incorporates the optimized parameters into the proposed sensor by comparing the results without perovskite material and existing work. The proposed modified Kretschmann structure consists of perovskite material such as CsPbI3, FASnI3, KSnI3, and CsSnI3, with few Si layers. All the performance parameters are calculated at 633 nm wavelength. The sensitivity (S), full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA), and figure of merit (FoM) of 348.75°/RIU, 3.22°, 0.31/° and 108.11/RIU using perovskite material of KSnI3, are measured, respectively by the proposed sensor. The perovskite material of KSnI3 shows the best performance parameter among CsPbF3, FASnF3, and CSSnF3. These results should greatly impact the biosensing application, especially for chemical and biochemical.
Temporal wave dynamics, phase portrait and qualitative analysis of the time-dependent (2+1)-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation
Authors: Kawser M Abul , Gepreel Khaled A , Akbar M Ali , Khan M Ashrafuzzaman
Published: August 2024

In this article, we analyze the effect of time-dependent coefficients and the complex wave dynamics of the (2+1)-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation. This equation provides a detailed, insightful, and realistic description of space physics, plasma physics, controlled fusion, and nonlinear sciences. The wave solutions are established using the generalized Kudryashov, modified simple equation, and modified sine-Gordon expansion techniques and are illustrated by graphical depictions, which provide valuable insight into understanding the complex dynamics of waves across different physical systems. Exact solitary wave solutions offer a dependable approach to investigating the behavior of a system under particular conditions and facilitating a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics. We also conduct a stability analysis and present the phase portrait of the solutions, which are useful in various fields, including physics, plasma physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. We ascertain that the profiles of 3D and 2D soliton-shaped waves are significantly affected by dynamic changes in coefficients, wave velocity, and associated model parameters. This research could help clarify the dynamics of intricate systems, paving to a better understanding and analysis of the temporal aspects of various phenomena.
The clustering of Lyman Alpha Emitting galaxies at 𝗓=2–3
Authors: White Martin , Raichoor A. , Dey Arjun , Garrison Lehman H. , Gawiser Eric , Lang D. , Lee Kyoung-soo , Myers A.D. , Schlegel D. , Valdes F. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Brooks D. , Chaussidon E. , Claybaugh T. , Dawson K. , de la Macorra A. , Dey Biprateep , Doel P. , Fanning K. , Font-Ribera A. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Gutierrez G. , Guy J. , Honscheid K. , Kirkby D. , Kremin A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Levi M.E. , Magneville C. , Manera M. , Martini P. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moon B. , Newman J.A. , Niz G. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Park C. , Percival W.J. , Prada F. , Rossi G. , Ruhlmann-Kleider V. , Sanchez E. , Schlafly E.F. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Weaver B.A. , Yang Y. , Yèche C. , Zou H.
Published: August 2024

We measure the clustering of Lyman Alpha Emitting galaxies (LAEs) selected from the One-hundred-square-degree DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) survey, with spectroscopic follow-up from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We use DESI spectroscopy to optimize our selection and to constrain the interloper fraction and redshift distribution of our narrow-band selected sources. We select samples of 4000 LAEs atz= 2.45 and 3.1 in 9 sq.deg. centered on the COSMOS field with median Lyα fluxes of ≈ 10-16erg s-1cm-2. Covariances and cosmological inferences are obtained from a series of mock catalogs built upon high-resolution N-body simulations that match the footprint, number density, redshift distribution and observed clustering of the sample. We find that both samples have a correlation length ofr0= 3.0 ± 0.2 h-1Mpc. Within our fiducial cosmology these correspond to 3D number densities of ≈ 10-3h3Mpc-3and, from our mock catalogs, biases of 1.7 and 2.0 atz= 2.45 and 3.1, respectively. We discuss the implications of these measurements for the use of LAEs as large-scale structure tracers for high-redshift cosmology.
Riemann–Hilbert approach and multiple high-order pole solutions for the AB system
Authors: Li Wenjing , Zhang Yi , Yang Xiaolin
Published: August 2024

This article’s purpose is to investigate multiple high-order pole solutions for the AB system by the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach. We establish the RH problem through using spectral analysis to the Lax pair. Then the RH problem can be resolved and the soliton solution’s formula can be given by using the Laurent expansion method. Finally, we get special soliton solutions, including dark solitons, W-type dark solitons and multiple high-pole solutions. In addition, the W-type dark soliton solutions will occur when the spectral parameters are purely imaginary.
Generated genuine tripartite steering and its monogamy in the background of a Kerr-Newman black hole*
Authors: Huang 黄 Xiaoli 晓理 , Wu 吴 Haoyu 浩瑜 , Wu 吴 Shumin 树民
Published: August 2024

We study the redistribution of quantum steering and its monogamy in the presence of a four-dimensional Kerr-Newman black hole. The gravitational effect of the Kerr-Newman black hole is shown to generate genuine tripartite steering between causally disconnected regions, depending on the polar angle, angular momentum, electric charge, and magnetic charge of the black hole. We obtain strong evidence of steering monogamy, that is, the "sudden death" of the A → B steering results in the "sudden birth" of B → B steering. We also obtain the condition of maximal steering asymmetry, that is,

, revealing the transition between two-way and one-way steering in Kerr-Newman spacetime.
Investigating higgsino dark matter in the semi-constrained NMSSM*
Authors: Wang 王 Kun 坤 , Zhu 朱 Jingya 经亚
Published: August 2024

In this study, we explored the characteristics of higgsino-dominated dark matter (DM) within the semi-constrained Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (scNMSSM), covering a mass range from hundreds of GeV to several TeV. We carefully analyzed the parameter space under existing theoretical and experimental constraints to confirm the viability of higgsino-dominated lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs) with masses between 100 GeV and 4 TeV. Our study examined various DM annihilation mechanisms, emphasizing the significant role of coannihilation with the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP), which includes other higgsino-dominated particles such as

and

. We categorize the annihilation processes into three main classes:

coannihilation, Higgs funnel annihilation, and

coannihilation. Each class combines interactions with

. Our results indicate that achieving the correct relic density in heavier higgsino LSPs requires a combination of coannihilation and Higgs funnel mechanisms. We also assessed the potential of future experiments, such as XENONnT, LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ), PandaX-xT, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), to probe these DM scenarios through direct and indirect detections. In particular, future spin-independent DM detections may cover all samples with the correct DM relic density for

GeV. Furthermore, future colliders such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) are expected to exceed the detection capabilities of current hadron colliders, especially for higher mass NLSPs. Notably, CLIC, which will operate at 3000 GeV, is anticipated to enable thorough investigation of all samples with insufficient DM relic density for

GeV.
Recent advance progress of HL-3 experiments
Authors: Duan X.R. , Xu M. , Zhong W.L. , Ji X.Q. , Chen W. , Shi Z.B. , Liu X.L. , Lu B. , Li B. , Wang Y.Q. , Li J.Q. , Zheng G.Y. , Liu Yong , Yang Q.W. , Yan L.W. , Cai L.J. , Li Q. , Liu Y. , Bai X.Y. , Cao Z. , Chen X. , Chen H.T. , Chen Y.H. , Dong G.Q. , Du H.L. , Fan D.M. , Gao J.M. , Geng S.F. , Hao G.Z. , He H.M. , Huang M. , Jiang M. , Ke R. , Liang A.S. , Li J.X. , Li Qing , Li Yongge , Li L.C. , Li H.J. , Li W.B. , Liu D.Q. , Long T. , Lu L.F. , Nie L. , Shi P.W. , Peng J.F. , Sun A.P. , Sun T.F. , Tong R.H. , Wei H.L. , Wang S. , Xiao G.L. , Xiao X.P. , Xue L. , Xu H.B. , Yang Z.Y. , Yu D.L. , Yu L.M. , Zhang Y.P. , Zheng X. , Zhang L. , Zhang Y. , Zhang F. , Zhang X.L. ,   HL-3 Team & Collaborators
Published: August 2024

Since the first plasma realized in 2020, a series of key systems on HL-3 (known as HL-2M before) tokamak have been equipped/upgraded, including in-vessel components (the first wall, lower divertor, and toroidal cryogenic/water-cooling/baking/glow discharge systems, etc.), auxiliary heating system of 11 MW, and 28 diagnostic systems (to measure the plasma density, electron temperature, radiation, magnetic field, etc.). Magnet field systems were commissioned firstly for divertor plasma discharges. During the 2nd experimental campaign of HL-3 tokamak, several great progresses have been achieved. Firstly, the successful operation with plasma current larger than 1 MA was achieved under a divertor configuration. Secondly, the advanced divertor concept with two distinct snowflake configurations was realized. It is found that the distribution of ion saturation current and heat flux on bottom plate becomes wide due to magnetic surface expansion, demonstrating the advantage of such configuration in the heat flux mitigation. In addition, using the combination of NBI, ECRH and LHCD, the standard sawtoothing high confinement mode of megampere plasma was firstly accessed on the HL-3. The successful commissioning of HL-3 is beneficial for the initial operation of ITER.
Modeling and simulation of the capacitive NEMS pressure sensor based on suspended graphene membranes
Authors: Liu Quan , Zhang Zhe , Ding Jie , Zhang Wendong , Fan Xuge
Published: August 2024

Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) employing graphene have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in pressure sensors. Compared to other electrical readout mechanisms, capacitive sensing is a promising alternative one due to its less dependence on material properties and environmental factors. Graphene, with its unique properties, is an excellent candidate for high-performance NEMS pressure sensors. However, there are few studies on theoretical modeling of capacitive NEMS pressure sensors based on suspended graphene membrane. This paper presents the design, modeling and simulation of capacitive NEMS pressure sensors based on circular suspended graphene membrane. The impact of parameters of graphene membrane on the sensor performance is studied through COMSOL finite element analysis software. The results show that the sensitivity increased with the increase of the radius of graphene membrane but decreased with the increase of the thickness of graphene membrane, and the polar plate spacing determines the trade-off between the sensitivity and the measurement range. Further, decreasing the polar plate spacing increases the sensitivity but changes the capacitance-pressure relationship from linear to nonlinear.
Machine Learning-Driven Prediction of DLD Chip Throughput
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Wang Junchao
Published: August 2024

The microfluidic chip technology, capable of manipulating fluids at the micrometer-scale, is increasingly being applied in the fields of cell biology, molecular biology, chemistry, and life sciences. The densely integrated microfluidic chip devices enable high-throughput parallel experiments and integration of various operational units. However, the development of densely integrated microfluidic chips also comes with high demands on driving equipment. Due to manufacturing processes and inherent design limitations, the driving capability of the equipment is restricted. To address potential challenges faced by microfluidic chips in the development towards integrated biological microsystems and to maximize their high-throughput performance, improvements are required not only in selecting appropriate driving equipment but also in design aspects. This study focuses on the DLD chip and delves into the complexity of microfluidic chip design. By combining Bézier curves to characterize arbitrarily shaped micropillars and conducting finite element analysis to compute the pressure field of DLD chips, we explore methods utilizing random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and ANN machine learning algorithms to predict the impedance of DLD chips. Our objective is to guide engineers in designing chips with smaller impedance (lower pressure drop) and larger throughput more quickly and efficiently during the design phase. Ultimately, through evaluating the predictive capabilities of the four models on new data, we select the ANN algorithm model to predict the pressure drop under different designs of DLD chips. This offers possibilities for enhancing the efficiency and integration of microfluidic technology in biomedical applications.
Upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing properties of Ba3GdAl2O7.5: Yb3+, Er3+ phosphor
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Luo Tian , Fu Hao
Published: August 2024

In recent years, lanthanide-doped upconversion materials have received abundant attentions due to their long fluorescence lifetime, narrow emission bandwidths, and large anti-Stocks shift. However, weak brightness generally exists in upconversion materials and it becomes one of the major bottlenecks in the practical applications. Therefore, developing more materials with excellent upconversion luminescence properties is urgent. Herein, a green phosphor Ba3GdAl2O7.5: Yb3+, Er3+ is obtained by high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal structure is characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction. The upconversion luminescence properties are displayed under the excitation of 980 nm near-infrared laser, and the optimal doping concentrations of Yb3+ and Er3+ ions in the crystal are determined by the control variable method. In addition, the excellent temperature sensing performance of Ba3GdAl2O7.5: 0.2Yb3+, 0.02Er3+ indicates that it is a candidate for practical applications as an optical temperature sensor.
Wearable gait recognition system based on time domain features of Bluetooth inertial sensor network
Authors: Wan Rui , Wang Qisong , Liu Dan , Zhang Meiyan , Luo Jikui
Published: August 2024

As an important part of medical monitoring, gait recognition has been used in lower limb rehabilitation diagnosis and gait assessment. To meet practical requirements, we designed a wearable gait recognition system based on time domain features of Bluetooth inertial sensor network, which can be used for real-time acquisition and evaluation of gait signals. In this research, we used 6 sensor units to integrate 10 kinds of gait information, and designed a gait monitoring system covering the main joints of lower limbs based on Bluetooth network. The gait monitoring system can collect the inertial sensing data of lower limbs at a maximum rate of 90 Hz through the 6 sensor units, and has good electrical performance. In daily use, each unit can work for more than 3 hours and maintain a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of more than -90 dBm at a spatial distance of 10 meters. On the gait dataset collected in the experiment, we used sliding window to segment the time domain signals and extract 10 kinds of time domain features for classification algorithm. We achieved 97.1% average identification accuracy of 7 different gait patterns by support vector machine (SVM).
A microfluidic integrated microliter millimeter wave biosensor based on a cell interception structure
Authors: Wang Qinyu , Sun Wen , Wang Jianhua , You Bin , Sun Lingling
Published: August 2024

The millimeter wave frequency band has the characteristics of high resolution, high sensitivity, label free, non-invasive [1], etc. Therefore, this detection technology has broad application prospects in the detection of microliter biological liquid samples. This article is based on the design of coplanar waveguides. A stepped interception structure is designed at the center of the microfluidic path of millimeter wave sensors to intercept and capture tumor cells entering the microfluidic path during fluid injection. This structure is used to improve the accuracy of detection by controlling the similar concentration of each cell. This broadband microfluidic sensor is used to measure the S parameters of different biological liquid samples, including tumor cell suspension HepG2 and THP-1 cell suspension (concentration 1E6 cells/mL), and data processing and error elimination are carried out using Matlab software. In the measurement results, the difference in transmission coefficients between different cell suspensions is aroun 0.4dB.
In vivo imaging of microvasculature in human finger skin using SV-OCT
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Zheng Jiawei , Li Wangbiao , Wu Shulian , Lin Hui , He Youwu , Li Zhifang
Published: August 2024

Speckle variance optical coherence tomography (SV-OCT) enables non-invasive visualization of the three-dimensional vascular information within the microcirculatory tissue bed by utilizing flowing red blood cells as intrinsic contrast agents, without the need for dye injection. This study evaluated the feasibility of using the SV-OCT device for monitoring the microvascular system in human finger skin. An adaptive wavelet Fourier transform filtering algorithm was applied to remove stripe noise from the images of finger vasculature. The results demonstrate that SV-OCT systems can be used to extract the vascular system of finger skin. By employing an adaptive wavelet Fourier transform filtering (AWFTF)algorithm to process the vascular data, stripe noise can be effectively removed, thereby enhancing the imaging quality of the blood vessels.
Growth of High-Quality InP Nanowires with PN Junctions Using an Improved Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yao Xinliang , Liu Xingpeng , Yuan Kui , Su Jiande , Song Shuxiang , Liu Linsheng
Published: August 2024

Nanowires grown by traditional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems often suffer from low crystal quality and difficulties in realizing complex device structures. To address these issues, we propose an improved CVD system with a source switching unit to enhance the controllability of source materials. By combining reverse gas flow and high-temperature degassing processes, high-quality InP nanowires with pn junctions were successfully grown. Scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the as-grown nanowires exhibit smooth surfaces, no significant defects, and high crystal quality. Furthermore, a single InP nanowire with a pn junction demonstrated rectifying characteristics and fast photoswitch response (less than 14.2 ms). These results suggest that the improved CVD method provides a new approach for low-cost fabrication of high-quality nanodevices.
Miniaturized spectroscopy system based on a semiconductor nanofilm
Authors: Zhou Zhurong , Ma Zhi , Ahmed Mian Aizaz , Guo Xin , Tong Limin , Yang Zongyin
Published: August 2024

Spectroscopy plays a pivotal role in various applications for industrial and commercial analysis. Conventional spectroscopy instruments include various discrete optical components like light sources, monochromators and detectors. These components are mechanically intricate and require space for the mechanisms that adjust and calibrate them, which increases the instrument’s footprint and make them less adjustable for portable applications. This drawback initiated the increase in the demand for miniatured spectral detection systems. Here, we present a low-cost ultra-compact miniaturized spectral detection system, which integrates both linear variable light sources, sample chambers and detectors within a centimetre-scale chip. The linear variable light generation across wavelengths ranging from 480 nm to 600 nm is achieved by stimulating different regions of the ZnCdSeS bandgap-graded semiconductor nanofilm with ultraviolet light. We demonstrate the capability of the system with precise identification of liquids. Our device overcomes the typical miniaturization limits imposed by discrete optical components, and long light paths in conventional spectroscopy instruments and opens up numerous potential applications across various fields due to its portability, ease of use, and lower cost.
A method for extracting the 1-60 GHz dielectric spectrum of trace liquids using standard design coplanar waveguide sensing devices
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Sun Wen , Chen Binkai , Sun Lingling
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a sensor designed for measuring the dielectric constant of small amounts of liquid. The sensor consists of a coplanar waveguide transmission line and an open container for the liquid, enabling broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements for milliliter-scale liquids in the 1-60 GHz range. To improve the accuracy of dielectric spectroscopy testing, the sensor is calibrated using air and deionized water to obtain a coefficient matrix relating the sensor’s distributed parameters to the sample’s dielectric constant. This matrix is then used to calculate the dielectric spectroscopy of subsequent test samples. Tests on the dielectric spectroscopy of deionized water with this sensor and algorithm indicate that over the 1-60 GHz band, the error compared to previous literature results is within 5%, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed sensor and dielectric spectroscopy extraction algorithm.
Co-Design of a Low-Noise Amplifier and SPDT SW for Band 42 T/R Modules with Low NF, High Gain, and 50-ohm Matching in Bulk CMOS Technology
Authors: Yang Jilong , Cui Qiang , Cheng Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

The vast deployment of 5G communication system calls for low-cost, easy-to-integrate RF Front End Integrated Circuits (RFFE ICs) design. For better system performance, specific processes, such as SOI/GaN/GaAs, are widely used for RFFE receiver IC design. However, these specific processes are costly and hard to integrate with baseband ICs which are typically fabricated in bulk CMOS process. To overcome the high cost and integration challenges, this paper designed a Band 42 low-noise power amplifier (LNA) together with a single-pole double-throw switch (SDPT SW) in a 55nm bulk CMOS process. For the LNA, we integrated source degeneration inductance and gate-source capacitance feedback, which provides significant stability, matching and noise figure benefits. For LNA and SW co-optimization, we reduced the overall noise by reusing the input matching network. The B42 receiver’s minimum return loss(SW included) is better than -20dB, gain higher than 28dB, and the noise figure is better than 2.4dB; the switch’s off-state isolation is better than 30dB. To our knowledge, this B42 receiver RFFE design is the best combination of performance and cost in the Bulk CMOS process. This work demonstrated the possibility of fully integrating RFFE circuits in low cost bulk CMOS process with good performance.
Comparison of Multiple Machine Learning Models for the Classification of Cell States Based on Impedance Features
Authors: Tian Dongze , Wei Jian , Yang Xinlong , Su Fei , Xing Xiaoxing
Published: August 2024

Microfluidic impedance flow cytometry (IFC) enables high-throughput single-cell analysis in label-free manner. Tens of thousands of cells can be measured in several minutes under multiple frequencies, which give rise to impedance features with rich information ideal for machine learning (ML)-based cell classification. Conventional data processing approach for IFC typically exploits the scattered distribution of the measured cells which correlates the impedance features (e.g., the impedance amplitude and phase at different frequencies, the amplitude ratio between high to low frequencies) and exhibits resolved cell clusters in scatter plot. By manually gating on the distributed dots plot, the cell subgroups get mapped to different cell type or cellular states. ML-based data processing for IFC not only reduces the human workload, and more importantly, it also eliminates the human interference to manual gating strategy, and thus potentially leading to more concise and accurate cell classification results. Here, we demonstrate the ML-based classification of different cell states for tumor cells subject to anticancer drug treatment. IFC-measured impedance data of H1650 cells and Hela cells under drug-induced mitosis block state and apoptosis state have been applied for ML-based cell state identification. Three machine learning models, including the random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbours (KNN) have been trained for impedance features extracted from cell signals at both 500 kHz and 10 MHz. In comparison, the RF model give rise to the highest classification accuracies among all trained models here. For H1650 cells, 84.01% and 85.96% accuracies have been respectively achieved for G1/S state vs. apoptosis and G2/M vs. apoptosis. For the classification between G2/M vs. apoptosis for the paclitaxel-treated Hela cells, the RF model produces high accuracy of 98.70%.
Inorganic Pb-Sn Perovskite Solar Cells with CF3-PA Internal Defect Passivation Strategy
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Zhang Kai , Zhao Lin , Yang Shihe , Zhou Hang
Published: August 2024

The volatile organic components and heavy metal components in traditional perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have raised environmental and stability concerns for their large scale application. To solve the above two problems, the advancement of inorganic Pb-Sn PSCs technology has progressed at a remarkable pace over a relatively short period. Replacing Pb with Sn in PSCs not only significantly improves the environmental problems caused by the high toxicity of Pb, but also forms solar cells with lower bandgap, which is beneficial for light absorption and utilization, especially in the near-infrared band. In this work, a composite inorganic perovskite was utilized, CsPb0.6Sn0.4I3, and enhanced the PSCs performance by passivating the perovskite using 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylammonium (CF3-PA) additives. The highest efficiency of the champion device reached 13.04%, demonstrating its potential as a candidate for low bandgap PSCs.
Rapid Detection Technology for Cocaine and Methamphetamine Acute Abuse based on EEG
Authors: Xia Jie , Yuan Hongwen , Pan Jiadong , Li kan , Zhang Luxi , Dong Shurong
Published: August 2024

Multi-domain characterization and a new fast detection method for acute illegal psychostimulants abuse detection based on waking-state EEG of mice is proposed in this paper. To get corftical electroencephalogram (EEG), three groups of mice were injected with cocaine (Coca), methamphetamine (Meth), and saline (Sali) respectively following the experimental paradigm of drug abuse. The EEG features were extracted out by multi-domain views, including time, frequency, complexity, dynamics, and independent domains to obtain acute drug abuse effects on the brain. New strategy combing time domain with frequency domain is developed as multi-domain input and by means of dimension transformation approach preserving temporal information, the performance of drug abuse detection is greatly improved with deep learning models of ResNet50. Results show that comparing to support vector machine (SVM), k nearest neighbor (kNN), random forest (RF), and long short-term memory fully convolutional networks (LSTM-FCN), Res-Net50 based on our proposed multi-domain features has best F1-score of 95.10%. This promising method provides a low-cost, fast, and widely assisted technology for psychostimulants abuse identification.
Possibilities of decarbonization of ironmaking processes using hydrogen
Authors: Karbowniczek Mirosław , Bernasowski Mikolaj , Migas Piotr
Published: August 2024

In light of the European Green Deal arrangements regarding global warming and the tightening greenhouse gas (CO2) emission standards increasing emission fees, it is necessary to take decarbonization actions in the broadly understood metallurgical industry. Europe and the world have started work and research on the possibilities of decarbonizing iron and steel production technologies. The proposed manuscript presents the results of the thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction with hydrogen in the solid state. The results will be compared to classical methods of reducing iron oxides using carbon as a reducing agent. Thermodynamic analyses will be used to initially describe the mechanisms and estimate the kinetics of mass and energy transfer of the reduction reaction using both reductants. When carbon is used, it acts as a reductant and simultaneously a heat source in the process, while when hydrogen is used, it acts only as a reductant, but an additional heat source must be provided.
Fostc3net: A lightweight YOLOv5 based on the network structure optimization
Authors: Ma Danqing , Li Shaojie , Dang Bo , Zang Hengyi , Dong Xinqi
Published: August 2024

Transmission line detection technology is crucial for automatic monitoring and ensuring the safety of electrical facilities. The YOLOv5 series is currently one of the most advanced and widely used methods for object detection. However, it faces inherent challenges, such as high computational load on devices and insufficient detection accuracy. To address these concerns, this paper presents an enhanced lightweight YOLOv5 technique customized for mobile devices, specifically intended for identifying objects associated with transmission lines. The C3Ghost module is integrated into the convolutional network of YOLOv5 to reduce floating point operations per second (FLOPs) in the feature channel fusion process and improve feature expression performance. In addition, a FasterNet module is introduced to replace the c3 module in the YOLOv5 Backbone. The FasterNet module uses Partial Convolutions to process only a portion of the input channels, improving feature extraction efficiency and reducing computational overhead. To address the imbalance between simple and challenging samples in the dataset and the diversity of aspect ratios of bounding boxes, the wIoU v3 LOSS is adopted as the loss function. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, Experiments are conducted on a custom dataset of transmission line poles. The results show that the proposed model achieves a 1% increase in detection accuracy, a 13% reduction in FLOPs, and a 26% decrease in model parameters compared to the existing YOLOv5. In the ablation experiment, it was also discovered that while the Fastnet module and the CSghost module improved the precision of the original YOLOv5 baseline model, they caused a decrease in the mAP@.5-.95 metric. However, the improvement of the wIoUv3 loss function significantly mitigated the decline of the mAP@.5-.95 metric.
Optimization of adaptive mechanism for pipeline robots
Authors: Sun Yiquan , Li Xuchong , Zhao Tao
Published: August 2024

The environment inside the pipeline is complex, and it is now more reasonable to use pipeline robots to work inside the pipeline. This article delves into the adaptive mechanisms of pipeline robots, including their kinematics and dynamics, as well as the analysis using Jacobian matrices. Through a series of analyses, adaptive motion simulation was completed using SolidWorks and Simulink. To ensure the performance of the adaptive mechanism, we conducted simulation analysis on the mechanism. During the simulation process, we simulated various working conditions, such as the challenges faced when working in different terrains and environments, as well as working in pipelines of different diameters. Through simulation analysis, we have obtained important information about the obstacle clearance performance, diameter reduction performance, and energy efficiency of the optimized adaptive mechanism. This information can help us further optimize the design of the organization, making it more efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. In addition, we also studied the adaptive mechanisms of different types of pipeline robots to determine the optimal parameter design scheme. This will provide better performance and higher reliability for different types of pipeline robots. In order to make pipeline robots more flexible, efficient, and reliable. We have designed an adaptive mechanism on the basis of mechanical analysis. We have completed adaptive motion simulation and have optimized the adaptive mechanism based on the simulation results.
Corrigendum: Gaussian fluctuations of the elephant random walk with gradually increasing memory (2024 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 57 065203)
Authors: Aguech Rafik , El Machkouri Mohamed
Published: August 2024

The standard elephant random walk (ERW) is a discrete-time random walk introduced by Schütz and Trimper (2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 045101) with the particularity that the next step of the walker depends on its whole past through a parameter

p
∈
[
0
,
1
]

. In this note, we give a correction for the central limit theorem in the superdiffusive regime of the ERW with gradually increasing memory established by Aguech and El Machkouri (2024 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
57 065203, theorem 2). The mistake was pointed out by Roy et al (2024 arXiv:2403.02881, remark 1.1).
Effects of nano-clay on the geotechnical properties of gypseous soil
Authors: Ali Shahad D. , Karkush Mahdi
Published: August 2024

Gypseous soils suffer from sudden settlement when subjected to water flow due to dissolving of gypsum salts, so all structures constructed on gypseous soil undergo significant deformations due to the soil’s ability to collapse. Around the world, specifically in the arid and semi-arid regions gypseous soils are mostly found also, and can be found in the west desert of Iraq and even in the southern regions, amounting about between 30 and 35% of the country’s total area. There are several techniques to improve the geotechnical properties of collapsible soils, but one of the most recent techniques is using the nano technology. Five different proportions of nano-clay (NC) were incorporated into a gypseous soil containing 80% gypsum in order to enhance its chemical and geotechnical characteristics (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%). The tests findings (chemical, physical, and mechanical tests) demonstrated that the addition of nano-clay to gypseous soil has a significant impact on the geotechnical properties of soil where it leads to decrease the gypsum content of soil, pH value, maximium dry density, specific gravity, and collapse index. On the other hand, the utilized of nano clay material causes to increase shear strength parameters (c and φ), optimum water content and liquid limit. Adding 4% of nano-clay results in a significant decrease of 53% in the collapse index and an increase of 311% in soil cohesion and 30% in the angle of internal friction.
Collapse Pattern in Gypseous Soil using Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Jawad Hala Mahmood , Jahanger Zuhair Kadhim
Published: August 2024

Gypseous soil is prevalent in arid and semi-arid areas, is from collapsible soil, which contains the mineral gypsum, and has variable properties, including moisture-induced volume changes and solubility. Construction on these soils necessitates meticulous assessment and unique designs due to the possibility of foundation damage from soil collapse. The stability and durability of structures situated on gypseous soils necessitate close collaboration with specialists and careful, methodical preparation. It had not been done to find the pattern of failure in the micromechanical behavior of gypseous sandy soil through particle image velocity (PIV) analysis. This adopted recently in geotechnical engineering to track the motion of soil grains and using tracer particles by applying digital particle image analysis. It has also been used to study the displacement distribution in some cases of granular materials. Therefore, the goal of this study is to find out how gypseous sand medium moves when in contact with a rigid strip foundation that is under static stress and plane strain conditions. The experimental model would focus on two common types of wetting, namely water table rise and dry conditions. The PIV showed that the collapse pattern under the footing is of the type of punching shear failure. The predominant mechanism of soil deformation was the vertical compression of the gypseous granular soil. The results showed that understanding gypseous sandy grain displacement and failure patterns at the local scale is crucial for enhancing the design of foundations under static stress conditions.
Influence of Waste Rubber Nano-Material Utilization on The Engineering Properties of Asphalt Matrix
Authors: Mohammed Humam H. , Joni Hasan H.
Published: August 2024

The highway pavement construction industry is widely recognized as the most suitable establishment for recycling waste materials. Consequently, selecting sustainable materials constitutes a crucial concept for developing an innovative pavement construction characteristic. This research investigation aims to explore the consequences of utilizing waste rubber nanomaterial as a sustainable supplementary at four various weight ratios (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) in bituminous material. The assessment involved physical features such as viscosity, ductility, penetration, penetration index, and softening point. A dry mixing process is also accomplished for modified asphalts by conducting a high shear mixer at 5000 rpm for 30 minutes at 160 °C was chosen to ensure optimal dispersion of the waste rubber nanomaterial. Overall, the results demonstrated that adding waste rubber nanomaterial increased viscosity and softening point temperature but decreased ductility and penetration. The enhanced penetration index values of the modified asphalts result from the incorporation of residual rubber nanomaterial. In contrast, the binder modified with 2% residual rubber nanomaterial and nano-rubberization exhibited a greater penetration index (PI); thus, it positively impacts the resistance to rutting failure.
Production of maps for bearing capacity of the shallow foundation in Baghdad city using SPTs and MATLAB software
Authors: Salman Alaa D. , Shimran Khadim Shrooq , Karkush Mahdi , Al-Rumaithi Ayad
Published: August 2024

The standard penetration tests are considered one of the most important tests to determine the bearing capacity of the soil. In this research, a set of objective maps and equations were produced to estimate the bearing capacity of shallow foundations based on the results of SPTs conducted in Baghdad Governorate. The work includes drilling 213 wells 10 meters deep below the surface of the earth, and conducting three standard penetration tests (SPT) on each well at depths of 1.5, 6 and 9 m. The bearing capacity of the shallow foundations in the city of Baghdad was determined using the MATLAB program after the SPT values were corrected. Then several polynomial equations with multi-order interpolation are proposed to estimate the bearing capacity of the foundation, but the first-order polynomial equation is considered simpler and straightforward. Moreover, the root mean square error (RMSE) of all the proposed polynomial equations is almost the same. Thematic maps show the difference in the carrying capacity of shallow foundations across the total ground of Baghdad Governorate with respect to different depths. Then, a comparison was made between the calculated and estimated values of the foundation’s bearing capacity, where the results showed a discrepancy of 30% at a confidence level of 95%.
Influence of adding gypsum on the properties of lime-stabilized expansive soil
Authors: Salih Sarah R. , Mohammed Shafiqu Qassun S.
Published: August 2024

Expansive soils present major structural and geotechnical engineering problems. Expansive soil undergoes considerable changes in volume because of variations in water content. These variations in volume can occur as either swelling or shrinking and are commonly referred to as swell-shrink soils. Considering key aspects, such as the characteristics of the soil, is essential when dealing with swelling soils. There are expansive soils in both humid areas, where they pose problems with a high plasticity index, and in semi-arid or arid areas, where even moderately swelling soils can cause considerable damage. In order to solve problems related to expansive soil, it is important to stabilize it using various additives like gypsum, lime, and so on. The effects of adding three percentages of gypsum (2%, 4%, and 8%) to 6% lime-stabilized expansive soil to improve its engineering properties are investigated through several tests. The results of tests displayed that adding gypsum has improved properties of prepared soil with 6% lime. The optimum mixture for (gypsum-lime) that gets the highest improvement in soil properties is (6% lime + 4% gypsum). This mixture shows reducing in the free swell, swelling pressure, and plasticity index (from 8.51% to 2.81%, from 715.68 Kpa to 89.18 Kpa, from 33% to 29% respectively). Also, this mixture shows increasing in CBR (from 13.69% to 16.17%) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for the curing time of 0, 7, and 14 days (from 264.318 Kpa to 492.131 Kpa, from 380.584 Kpa to 736.318 Kpa, and from 480.192 Kpa to 828.590 Kpa respectively). The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) increase with increasing gypsum content, While the specific gravity decreases.