bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flux-driven simulations of self-generated radial electric fields and transition to improved confinement regime
Authors: Zhou Zhenyu , Xu G. S. , Dong Chao , Lu Zhixin , Zhou Tianchun , Jiang Changzhi , Li Bo , Ernst D. R.
Published: June 2024

The evolution of plasma profiles and radial electric fields in the edge of tokamaks during a transition to an improved confinement regime is explored in an unfavorable configuration based on self-consistent, flux-driven simulations of reduced Braginskii models with ion pressure dynamics. The edge plasma response to the heating power is explored by varying the heat source strength. The energy transfer from turbulent to mean flows is induced by the large-amplitude fluctuations as the power input becomes sufficiently strong. It is found that ion pressure fluctuations play an important role in the generation of the Reynolds power. Consequently, the plasma spontaneously forms radial electric fields localized at the edge, which reduces the radial correlation and amplitudes of edge fluctuations. An edge temperature pedestal also forms while the density profiles remain nearly unchanged, featuring an I-mode-like regime.
A study of dual-cantilever beam FBG sensing detection of transformer winding vibration
Authors: Lin Xiang , Fang Jian , Huang Qingdan , Zhang Min , Tian Yan , Tong Rui , Dai Xiaofeng
Published: June 2024

The safe and stable operation of the transformer is the key to ensure the reliable operation of the power grid. Loose windings will produce a vibration acceleration signal with twice the power supply frequency signal, i.e., 100 Hz, as the main spectral component. The realization of transformer winding vibration acceleration detection can effectively determine the operating status of the transformer winding. In this report, a dual-cantilever beam Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) vibration acceleration sensor for transformer winding with a two-point package structure was designed based on theoretical analysis and finite element simulation of COMSOL Multiphysics software. Through the demodulation of the center wavelength change to achieve the detection of external vibration acceleration and to achieve the vibration acceleration sensitivity of 37.813 pm/g at 100 Hz, linearity up to 99.97%, cross-sensitivity is less than 17.4%. The resonant frequency of the sensor is 134 Hz, and the sensitivity of the vibration acceleration at the resonant frequency point is 425.52 pm/g. The sensor is installed under the transformer to measure the vibration acceleration of the transformer winding. The vibration component under 100 Hz frequency could be obviously captured, and the FFT of the center wavelength captured the amplitude signal to realize the measurement of the vibration acceleration of the transformer winding less than 0.02 g micro-vibration acceleration, which could satisfy the general vibration range of the transformer winding.
Reactions dynamics for X + H2 insertion reactions (X = C(1D), N(2D), O(1D), S(1D)) with Cayley propagator ring-polymer molecular dynamics
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Chen Yuhao , Li Yongle
Published: June 2024

In this work, rate coefficients of four prototypical insertion reactions, X + H2 → H + XH (X = C(1D), N(2D), O(1D), S(1D)), and associated isotope reactions are calculated based on ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) with Cayley propagator (Cayley-RPMD). The associated kinetic isotope effects are systematically studied too. The Cayley propagator used in this work increases the stability of numerical integration in RPMD calculations and also supports a larger evolution time interval, allowing us to reach both high accuracy and efficiency. So, our results do not only provide chemical kinetic data for the title reactions in an extended temperature range but also consist of experimental results, standard RPMD, and other theoretical methods. The results in this work also reflect that Cayley-RPMD has strong consistency and high reliability in its investigations of chemical dynamics for insertion reactions.
Experimental study of the flow-induced vibration of a cut-corner prism energy harvester
Authors: Wang Weizhe , Yao Zhaohui
Published: June 2024

In this paper, an experimental study of the performance of the energy harvester was conducted to investigate the effect of the length of the parallel side (PS) on the cut-corner prism. The experiments were carried out in a recirculating wind tunnel within a range of Reynolds numbers from 2284 to 8893, based on the edge length D of the prism, and the range of cut-corner length was PS = 0.2D–0.8D. The experimental results show that the peak vibration amplitude of the prism initially rises and then gradually declines with increasing PS. Particularly, the maximum amplitude observed at PS = 0.5D is improved by approximately 1.9 times compared to that of the square prism. Within the wind speed range investigated, the cut-corner prism experiences three vibration modes: initial branch of vortex-induced vibration, transition, and galloping. The cut-corner prism will cause the vibrations to reach the galloping mode earlier compared to the square prism. As the vibration modes transition, the wake flow structures gradually shift from a 2S shedding mode, where two single vortices are shed per vibration cycle, to a 2P shedding mode, characterized by the shedding of two pairs of vortices per vibration cycle. For a finite-length prism, the phenomenon of shedding vortex splitting is observed due to the upwash and downwash flows. Before PS surpasses a critical value, the lateral side reattachment phenomenon vanishes with increasing PS length, leading to a decrease in shear layer curvature and separating bubble size, while enhancing negative pressure strength. However, exceeding the critical PS value allows shear layer reattachment, reducing amplitude. This explains why the effect of PS length on the efficiency of the prism energy harvester is non-monotonic.
Critical assessment of the x-ray restrained wave function approach: Advantages, drawbacks, and perspectives for density functional theory and periodic ab initio calculations
Authors: Genoni Alessandro , Martín Pendás Ángel
Published: June 2024

The x-ray restrained wave function (XRW) method is a quantum crystallographic technique to extract wave functions compatible with experimental x-ray diffraction data. The approach looks for wave functions that minimize the energies of the investigated systems and also reproduce sets of x-ray structure factors. Given the strict relationship between x-ray structure factors and electron distributions, the strategy practically allows determining wave functions that correspond to given (usually experimental) electron densities. In this work, the capabilities of the XRW approach were further tested. The aim was to evaluate whether the XRW technique could serve as a tool for suggesting new exchange-correlation functionals for density functional theory or refining existing ones. Additionally, the ability of the method to address the influences of the crystalline environment was also assessed. The outcomes of XRW computations were thus compared to those of traditional gas-phase, embedding quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, and fully periodic calculations. The results revealed that, irrespective of the initial conditions, the XRW computations practically yield a consensus electron density, in contrast to the currently employed density functional approximations (DFAs), which tend to give a too large range of electron distributions. This is encouraging in view of exploiting the XRW technique to develop improved functionals. Conversely, the calculations also emphasized that the XRW method is limited in its ability to effectively address the influences of the crystalline environment. This underscores the need for a periodic XRW technique, which would allow further untangling the shortcomings of DFAs from those inherent to the XRW approach.
Unsteady flow behaviors and flow-induced noise characteristics in a closed branch T-junction
Authors: Zhang Haoyuan , Wang Peng , Liu Hong , Wang Benlong , Liu Yingzheng
Published: June 2024

In the present study, dynamic delayed detached eddy simulation is utilized to explore turbulent flow in T-junctions at a Reynolds number of ReD = 2.0 × 104. Three systems with varying corner cavity depth-to-diameter ratios (Ld/D = 1, 2, and 4) are examined to elucidate the interplay between unsteady flow and flow-induced noise. The analysis employs Lighthill's acoustic analogy to scrutinize surface dipole acoustic sources and their noise propagation characteristics. Coherent flow structures, characterized as wavepackets, are identified through spectral proper orthogonal decomposition, demonstrating consistent dominance in modes and dipole distributions across the systems. In the system with Ld/D = 1, wavepackets originating from the downstream region of the junction exhibit a pronounced flapping behavior attributed to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Most dissipate with the mainstream flow, whereas a portion interacts with the wall, forming dipole acoustic sources. For systems with Ld/D = 2 and 4, the dominant mode transitions to the junction adjacent to the corner cavity, expanding continuously after separation until obliquely colliding with the wall, resulting in expanded dipole distributions. Mechanisms underlying flow-induced noise generation are unveiled by extracting transient vorticity fields within oscillation cycles. For shallow corner cavity depths (Ld/D = 1), periodic oscillatory vorticity shedding from the junction's sidewall significantly contributes to far-field sound pressure. As the cavity is deep enough to support one or more full recirculations of the fluid (Ld/D = 2 and 4), periodic vorticity shedding from the trailing edge directly impacts the wall above the junction, simultaneously suppressing flapping behavior at the leading edge and weakening overall dipole acoustic source intensity.
ComptonNet: A direct reconstruction model for Compton camera
Authors: Sato S. , Tanaka K. S. , Kataoka J.
Published: June 2024

A Compton camera is a gamma-ray imaging device, especially in the sub-mega-electron volt to higher than mega-electron volt range. Compton cameras have recently attracted attention as an environmental survey tool. However, owing to their limited sensitivity, Compton camera images often suffer from various artifacts, especially when the event statistics are low. To address this challenge, several deep learning models have been proposed to enhance the quality of reconstructed images with limited statistics. However, during the event selection phase of a typical Compton camera image reconstruction, a significant number of events that potentially reflect the source distribution are generally discarded. Effective utilization of these discarded events has the potential to estimate an accurate source distribution from limited statistical data. Thus, we initially developed ComptonNet-v1, a framework designed to directly estimate source distribution by integrating all measured events into a single model. To explicitly implement the difference in contribution between events that interact solely with scatterers, solely with absorbers, or with both, we developed ComptonNet-v2, which integrates these events individually. Consequently, our proposed models exhibited superior performance in both quantitative and qualitative assessments compared with existing models, even under low event statistics. In the future, we plan to implement a more memory-efficient model to estimate the distribution of complex source shapes.
Alkali-assisted polymeric carbon nitride effectively improves the visible-light-driven intrinsic reactivity for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: A first-principles analysis
Authors: Gao Huimin , Shi Anqi , Guan Ruilin , Xin Zhengyang , Zhang Xiuyun , Wang Bing , Pu Yong , Niu Xianghong
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials have drawn broad attention as promising candidates for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, it remains a significant challenge to simultaneously improve the visible light absorption, separation of photogenerated carriers, and activity. Herein, alkali metals doping PCN (e.g., C6N6 and C2N) are systematically investigated based on density functional theory. Different from the conventional notion of doping atoms as active sites, the actual active site is the intrinsic pyridine nitrogen surrounding the alkali metal. Compared to the change of Gibbs free energy value of −0.45 eV (−0.60 eV) for pristine C6N6 (C2N), Li or Cs doped PCN decreases to −0.03 eV (−0.10 eV) or 0.06 eV (−0.11 eV), respectively, benefitting from the adjustment of the 3p electronic state occupation for N atoms by charges transfer from alkali metal. Meanwhile, Li or Cs doping not only broadens the absorption of visible light by narrowing the band edge position but also promotes the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes by regulating their spatial separation, which is further confirmed by significant photocurrents for Li or Cs doped PCN based on nonequilibrium Green's function simulation. Our work could provide interesting insights into the mechanistic understanding and the highly efficient design of PCN materials in photocatalysis.
Effect of pore-structure on the Beavers-Joseph slip coefficient for a free-flow and porous medium interface
Authors: Kakumani Chakradhar , Rath Subhasisa , Terzis Alexandros
Published: June 2024

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the interfacial dynamics in coupled free-flow and porous media systems through steady-state numerical simulations in the laminar flow regime. Explored here is the influence of the Reynolds number (Re=0.1→200), porosity (ϕ=0.5,0.75,0.85), and pore-structure/structural configurations of the porous medium (square and circular pillars) on the flow characteristics and the momentum transfer at the interface between the two compartments. The results reveal distinct flow patterns, including U-shaped flow fields and flow penetration across the interface. The Beavers-Joseph slip coefficient (αBJ) is calculated based on a volume-averaging technique in the parallel flow region. The combined effects of Re, ϕ, and pore-structure on the average αBJ are explored. The influence of ϕ and pore-structure on αBJ is more pronounced than the effect of Re. Furthermore, the influence of Re on αBJ is contingent on ϕ, with this effect being significant only for Re > 50. As ϕ increases from 0.5→0.75, the average αBJ value rises by 75% for square and 133% for the circular pillar shapes. Thus, circular pillar configuration is more sensitive to the slip coefficients. Finally, an empirical correlation for the average αBJ is developed for the very first time, which can help in up-scaling the present coupled phenomena from micro- to macro-scale. This work finds applications in many industrial and natural processes that involve fluid dynamics in coupled free-flow and porous media systems.
Polymer composite fiber-optic Fabry–Perot cavity sensor based on Ti3C2TX MXene enhanced photothermal effect for low-concentration bilirubin detection
Authors: Zhang Yangyuan , Miao Yinping , Chen Xuanyi , Bai Yangbo , Yao Jianquan
Published: June 2024

The World Health Statistics 2023, as presented by the World Health Organization (WHO), underscores a significant global health concern: 73% of global mortality is attributed to chronic diseases. Within the domain of medical diagnostics, serum bilirubin levels serve as a critical biomarker for identifying several prevalent chronic conditions in adult and geriatric populations. In this study, a polymer composite fiber-optic Fabry–Pérot interferometer is prepared, wherein the reflective surfaces are, respectively, constituted by polyurethane (PU), with characteristics marked by high thermal responsiveness and rapid thermal transfer rates, and a single-mode fiber. Subsequently, the outer surface of the PU reflective end undergoes deposition with Ti3C2TX MXene material, which has the capability to enhance the adsorption of bilirubin molecules. This work proposes a detection method using the photothermal effect of bilirubin. When the sensor is operational, bilirubin generates a thermal effect under 405 nm laser irradiation. The Fabry–Pérot air cavity rapidly expands with the increased heat absorption, leading to shifts in the interference spectrum, which enables the effective detection of low concentrations of bilirubin within the serum. The experimental results indicate that the sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 7.51 [nm/(μmol/L)] and a detection limit of a mere 0.002 19 μmol/L within the linear dynamic range of 1–10 μmol/L. Furthermore, a tenfold improvement is observed when compared to the previously reported lowest detection limit. The sensor delineated herein is characterized by heightened sensitivity, minimal detection limit, rapid response time, and substantial robustness, rendering it suitable for potential applications in the early diagnosis and prognosis of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Polarization-sensitive self-powered MoS2/a-GaN heterojunction photodetectors for ultraviolet polarized imaging
Authors: Lin Tingjun , Wang Wenliang
Published: June 2024

Polarization-sensitive ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have attracted significant interest due to the broad applications in UV polarized imaging. However, the conventional UV photodetectors to realize polarization-sensitive properties require integrated filters and polarizers, which increase the system size and cost. In this work, self-powered polarization-sensitive UV photodetectors (PDs) with high efficiency and ultrafast response speed based on the MoS2/a-GaN heterojunction have been proposed and applied to UV polarized imaging. Benefiting from the type-I band alignment formed by MoS2/a-GaN, and the reduction of interfacial trapping effect, the PDs exhibit remarkable photovoltaic and polarization sensitivity under UV light at zero bias voltage, including a high responsivity of 15 mA/W, a specific detectivity of 4.7 × 1013 Jones, an ultrafast response speed of 4/8 ms, and a high polarization ratio of 1.5. Furthermore, the as-fabricated PDs demonstrate polarization-sensitive UV imaging. This work paves an approach for the development of high-performance polarization-sensitive UV PDs and offers a feasible way for the development of UV polarized imaging based on anisotropic materials.
Silicon mitigates salinity effects on sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) by enhancing growth and photosynthetic efficiency
Authors: Bounaouara Farah , Hidri Rabaa , Falouti Mohammed , Rabhi Mokded , Abdelly Chedly , Zorrig Walid , Slama Inès
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate whether silicon (Si) supply was able to alleviate the harmful effects caused by salinity stress on sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense), a species of grass raised for forage and grain. Plants were grown in the presence or absence of 150 mM NaCl, supplemented or not with Si (0.5 mM Si). Biomass production, water and mineral status, photosynthetic pigment contents, and gas exchange parameters were investigated. Special focus was accorded to evaluating the PSI and PSII. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth and tissue hydration, and led to a significant decrease in all other studied parameters. Si supply enhanced whole plant biomass production by 50%, improved water status, decreased Na+ and Cl− accumulation, and even restored chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents. Interestingly, both photosystem activities (PSI and PSII) were enhanced with Si addition. However, a more pronounced enhancement was noted in PSI compared with PSII, with a greater oxidation state upon Si supply. Our findings confirm that Si mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on sorghum-sudangrass throughout adverse approaches. Application of Si in sorghum appears to be an efficient key solution for managing salt-damaging effects on plants.
A brief history of technical developments in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Dedicated to the memory of J.M. Cummins
Authors: Thompson J. G. , McLennan H. J. , Heinrich S. L. , Inge M. P. , Gardner D. K. , Harvey A. J.
Published: June 2024

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technology for treatment of severe male infertility introduced into clinical practice in 1992. This review provides a brief history of the development of ICSI by acknowledging major developments in the field. The review addresses key developments in pre-clinical and early studies, how ICSI compares with in vitro fertilisation, long-term consequences, how the mechanistic approach to ICSI has changed in both manual and semi-automated approaches, and how sperm selection procedures are integrated into ICSI. From the beginnings using animal models in the 1960–1970s, the development of ICSI is a remarkable and transformative success story. Indeed, its broad use (70% of cycles globally) exceeds the need required for treating infertile males, and this remains a controversial issue. There remain questions around the long-term health impacts of ICSI. Furthermore, advances in automation of the ICSI procedure are occurring. An estimated 6 million children have been born from the ICSI procedure. With further automation of sperm selection technologies, coupled with automation of the injection procedure, it is likely that the proportion of children born from ICSI will further increase.
Ultrafast terahertz Stark spectroscopy reveals the excited-state dipole moments of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin
Authors: Zhang Jia , Singh Poonam , Engel Dieter , Fingerhut Benjamin P. , Broser Matthias , Hegemann Peter , Elsaesser Thomas
Published: June 2024

The photoinduced all-trans to 13-cis isomerization of the retinal Schiff base represents the ultrafast first step in the reaction cycle of bacteriorhodopsin (BR). Extensive experimental and theoretical work has addressed excited-state dynamics and isomerization via a conical intersection with the ground state. In conflicting molecular pictures, the excited state potential energy surface has been modeled as a pure S

1

state that intersects with the ground state, or in a 3-state picture involving the S

1

and S

2

states. Here, the photoexcited system passes two crossing regions to return to the ground state. The electric dipole moment of the Schiff base in the S

1

and S

2

state differs strongly and, thus, its measurement allows for assessing the character of the excited-state potential. We apply the method of ultrafast terahertz (THz) Stark spectroscopy to measure electric dipole changes of wild-type BR and a BR D85T mutant upon electronic excitation. A fully reversible transient broadening and spectral shift of electronic absorption is induced by a picosecond THz field of several megavolts/cm and mapped by a 120-fs optical probe pulse. For both BR variants, we derive a moderate electric dipole change of 5

±

1 Debye, which is markedly smaller than predicted for a neat S

1

-character of the excited state. In contrast, S

2

-admixture and temporal averaging of excited-state dynamics over the probe pulse duration gives a dipole change in line with experiment. Our results support a picture of electronic and nuclear dynamics governed by the interaction of S

1

and S

2

states in a 3-state model.
Dynamics of multicellular swirling on micropatterned substrates
Authors: Li Xi , Chen Bin
Published: June 2024

Chirality plays a crucial role in biology, as it is highly conserved and fundamentally important in the developmental process. To better understand the relationship between the chirality of individual cells and that of tissues and organisms, we develop a generalized mechanics model of chiral polarized particles to investigate the swirling dynamics of cell populations on substrates. Our analysis reveals that cells with the same chirality can form distinct chiral patterns on ring-shaped or rectangular substrates. Interestingly, our studies indicate that an excessively strong or weak individual cellular chirality hinders the formation of such chiral patterns. Our studies also indicate that there exists the influence distance of substrate boundaries in chiral patterns. Smaller influence distances are observed when cell–cell interactions are weaker. Conversely, when cell–cell interactions are too strong, multiple cells tend to be stacked together, preventing the formation of chiral patterns on substrates in our analysis. Additionally, we demonstrate that the interaction between cells and substrate boundaries effectively controls the chiral distribution of cellular orientations on ring-shaped substrates. This research highlights the significance of coordinating boundary features, individual cellular chirality, and cell–cell interactions in governing the chiral movement of cell populations and provides valuable mechanics insights into comprehending the intricate connection between the chirality of single cells and that of tissues and organisms.
Micromechanical piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer array package enhancement with integrated frontliners
Authors: Shu Hongxiang , Ji Weiliang , Sun Xiangyu , Xing Zhanqiang , He Xu
Published: June 2024

In order to improve the susceptibility of ultrasonic transducers to damage and the mismatch in acoustic impedance with test specimens, an impedance-matching layer is introduced between the transducer and the specimen. The impact of the matching layer on acoustic propagation of transducer was analyzed through acoustic field simulation. The performance of the improved transducer was experimentally evaluated by using a dedicated echo testing system for transducers. The matching layer was optimized by considering different materials. The results show that for non-metallic materials, only a layer of acoustic matching layer (organic silicone gel) can be added to achieve acoustic impedance matching and avoid wear. For metal materials, two acoustic matching layers (organic silicone gel and epoxy resin) need to be added to achieve acoustic impedance matching. The propagation efficiency of sound waves is increased by 30% as a result of this process.
BS-YOLOV8: an intelligent detection model for bearing pin support-piece states of high-rise building machine
Authors: Pan Xi , Zhao Tingsheng , Li Xuxiang , Jiang Xiaohui
Published: June 2024

As the main support part of the working platform of a high-rise building machine, the bearing pin support (BPS) plays a crucial role in the safety and stability of the platform, the conventional method has the problems of low detection efficiency, low accuracy, and high cost. To improve the accuracy and robustness of the detection algorithm under weak light, this paper proposes an intelligent detection algorithm for the BPS-piece states of the BS-YOLOV8, to improve the feature map utilization and reduce the model leakage detection error detection rate, Swin transformer is used to improve the YOLOV8 backbone network. In addition, the BiFormer attention mechanism is used to weigh the feature map to solve the problem of feature information loss in different feature layers and weak lighting conditions, and then the Scylla-IOU loss function is used instead of the original localization loss function to guide the model to learn to generate a predicted bounding box closer to the real target bounding box. Finally, the BS-YOLOV8 algorithm is used to compare with its classical algorithm on the self-constructed dataset of this study, The results show that the mAP0.5, mAP0.5:0.95, and FPS values of the BS-YOLOV8 algorithm reach 97.9%, 96.3% and 40 under normal lighting. The mAP0.5 value reaches 87.6% under low light conditions, which effectively solves the problems of low detection efficiency and poor detection under low light conditions, and is superior compared to other algorithms.
Pioneering research has a new home in a trusted place
Authors: Gevaux David
Published: June 2024

After 90 years of publishing authoritative reviews, Reports on Progress in Physics is today publishing its first primary research papers. The beginning, we hope, of the journal’s evolution into a showcase of the most impactful, ground-breaking and just fascinating physical-science research; a journal that builds trust through rigorous peer review and gives back to the communities we serve. Investing 100% of our funds back into science, we are committed to achieving all of this on a not-for-profit basis that puts science and scientists first.
Advanced examination of Nb3Sn coils and conductors for the LHC luminosity upgrade: a methodology based on computed tomography and materialographic analyses
Authors: Santillana I Aviles , Sgobba S , Crouvizier M D , Devred A , Izquierdo G Arnau , Bulat B , Moros A , Izquierdo Bermudez S , Milanese A , Savary F , Todesco E
Published: June 2024

The future of particle accelerators is strongly linked to the development of high—field magnets. The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is currently developing Nb3Sn-based magnets for the high-luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider (HL-LHC), to fully exploit its potential and surpass the intrinsic performance limitations of Nb–Ti-based magnets. The fabrication of Nb3Sn magnets is a challenging process as it requires managing the brittle and strain sensitive conductor after the reaction heat treatment to generate the superconducting phase. Accelerator magnet coils are usually manufactured following the wind-react-and-impregnate fabrication process. This reduces the difficulty of working with brittle compounds but adds uncertainties associated with volume change during phase transition and thermal expansion/contraction differentials during the temperature ramps of the heat treatment and cooldown to cryogenic temperatures. To investigate the root causes of performance limitation or degradation observed on HL-LHC magnet prototypes, several Nb3Sn-based coils have been examined. The present paper illustrates an innovative methodology of investigations of the root causes at several fabrication stages and after cooldown and powering. The approach is based on a sequence of mesoscale observations of whole coil sections by an innovative high—energy linac x-ray computed tomography, followed by materialographic assessment of internal events, geometrical distortions and potential flaws using light microscopy. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam were used to analyze damage at localized positions. This comprehensive approach provides an in-depth view of the examined coils by characterizing atypical features and imperfections in both the strands and the glass fiber/resin of the insulation system, univocally associating the limiting quenches experienced by the coils to identified physical events.
Investigation of reduced reverse degree based polynomials & indices of gold crystals
Authors: Khan Abdul Rauf , Mutlib Abdul , Campeña Francis Joseph H , Tchier Fairouz , Karim Maimoona , Hussain Shahid
Published: June 2024

Gold is widely recognized as a noble metal due to its inherent inertness in its bulk form. Nevertheless, gold exhibits reactivity in its ionic form. The inert qualities of bulk gold have led to its extensive recognition as a fundamental raw ingredient in several biomedical processes. These applications encompass drug delivery microchips, dental prostheses, reconstructive surgery, food additives, and endovascular stents. Gold in large amounts can be thought of as safe. Gold can also exist as molecules or ions, specifically gold ions, making it easier to make gold nanomaterials. The distinctive characteristics of gold set it apart from its molecular or bulk states, making its execution a very efficient instrument in the field of nanomedicine. Some of these traits are ease of synthesis, a higher ratio of surface area to volume, more reactive particles, the ability to withstand changes to the surface, and strong optical properties. The reduced reverse degree-based polynomials and topological descriptors of the molecular structure of the gold crystal are investigated in this manuscript. The numerical and graphical analysis of outcomes this study are also described.
Elevating standard-red perovskite LED performance: unleashing optimal potential with complex HTL and insert modification layer
Authors: Chen Ting-Lei , Vasudevan Thangaraji , Chen Lung-Chien
Published: June 2024

In this study, we introduce a novel strategy to improve the productivity of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) by incorporating a KBr interface layer alongside PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer (HTL). This innovative approach enables the creation of a standard-red perovskite film emitting light precisely at 630 nm. Our investigation demonstrates that optimizing the concentration of the KBr modified layer (10 mg ml−1), in conjunction with an ethylene glycol (EG)-doped PEDOT:PSS electrode, promotes the growth of CsPbBr1.3I1.7 perovskite phases on the HTL while effectively reducing exciton quenching in PEDOT:PSS-based PeLEDs. Furthermore, these modifications lower the work function of the PEDOT:PSS surface, thus regulating hole injection and improving charge balance within the device. Consequently, our device achieves impressive performance metrics, including a high quantum yield of 68.2%, maximum luminance (L
max) of 747 cd m−2, and an External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of 0.24%, representing significant advancements in red perovskite-based lighting technology.
Hybrid GRU-CNN bilinear parameters initialization for quantum approximate optimization algorithm
Authors: Xu Zuyu , Cai Pengnian , Shen Kang , Yang Tao , Hu Yuanming , Gong Maogao , Zhu Yunlai , Wu Zuheng , Dai Yuehua , Yang Fei
Published: June 2024

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), a pivotal paradigm in the realm of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), offers promising computational advantages for tackling combinatorial optimization problems. Well-defined initial circuit parameters, responsible for preparing a parameterized quantum state encoding the solution, play a key role in optimizing QAOA. However, classical optimization techniques encounter challenges in discerning optimal parameters that align with the optimal solution. In this work, we propose a hybrid optimization approach that integrates Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and a bilinear strategy as an innovative alternative to conventional optimizers for predicting optimal parameters of QAOA circuits. GRU serves to stochastically initialize favorable parameters for depth-1 circuits, while CNN predicts initial parameters for depth-2 circuits based on the optimized parameters of depth-1 circuits. To assess the efficacy of our approach, we conducted a comparative analysis with traditional initialization methods using QAOA on Erdős-Rényi graph instances, revealing superior optimal approximation ratios. We employ the bilinear strategy to initialize QAOA circuit parameters at greater depths, with reference parameters obtained from GRU-CNN optimization. This approach allows us to forecast parameters for a depth-12 QAOA circuit, yielding a remarkable approximation ratio of 0.998 across 10 qubits, which surpasses that of the random initialization strategy and the PPN2 method at a depth of 10. The proposed hybrid GRU-CNN bilinear optimization method significantly improves the effectiveness and accuracy of parameters initialization, offering a promising iterative framework for QAOA that elevates its performance.
Corrigendum: Towards a more realistic MELCOR model for a dry cask for spent nuclear fuel. Part II: application. (2024 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2685 012044)
Authors: Angelucci M , Paci S
Published: June 2024

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Chitosan based ethanolic Allium Sativum extract hydrogel film: a novel skin tissue regeneration platform for 2nd degree burn wound healing
Authors: Wang Jing , Ismail Mohammad , Khan Nauman Rahim , Khan Dur-E-Najaf , Iftikhar Tayyaba , Shahid Memuna Ghafoor , Shah Shefaat Ullah , Rehman Zahid Ur
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the potential of ethanolic garlic extract-loaded chitosan hydrogel film for burn wound healing in an animal model. The ethanolic garlic extract was prepared by macerating fresh ground garlic cloves in ethanol for 24 h, followed by filtration and concentration using a rotary evaporator. Hydrogels were then prepared by casting a chitosan solution with garlic extract added at varying concentrations for optimization and, following drying, subjected to various characterization tests, including moisture adsorption (MA), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and water vapor permeability rate (WVPR), erosion, swelling, tensile strength, vibrational, and thermal analysis, and surface morphology. The optimized hydrogel (G2) was then analyzed in vivo for its potential for healing 2nd degree burn wounds in rats, and histological examination of skin samples on day 14 of the healing period. Results showed optimized hydrogel (G2; chitosan: 2 g, garlic extract: 1 g) had MA of 56.8% ± 2.7%, WVTR and WVPR of 0.00074 ± 0.0002, and 0.000 498 946 ± 0.0001, eroded up to 11.3% ± 0.05%, 80.7% ± 0.04% of swelling index, and tensile strength of 16.6 ± 0.9 MPa, which could be attributed to the formation of additional linkages between formulation ingredients and garlic extract constituents at OH/NH and C=O, translating into an increase in transition melting temperature and enthalpy (ΔT = 238.83 °C ± 1.2 °C, ΔH = 4.95 ± 0.8 J g−1) of the chitosan moieties compared with blank. Animal testing revealed G2 formulation significantly reduced the wound size within 14 d of the experiment (37.3 ± 6.8–187.5 ± 21.5 mm2) and had significantly higher reepithelization (86.3 ± 6.8–26.8 ± 21.5 and 38.2% ± 15.3%) compared to untreated and blank groups by hastening uniform and compact deposition of collagen fibers at the wound site, cementing developed formulation a promising platform for skin regeneration.
Effect of solid solution and aging treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and antimicrobial properties of Ti-5Mn alloys
Authors: Xie YanChun , Wang Xiaodong , Xuan Anwu , Li Yangyang , Yu Hailong , Zhang Erlin
Published: June 2024

In this paper, Ti-5Mn alloy was subjected to different heat treatments to explore the possibility of preparing antimicrobial Ti-Mn alloys and to examine the effect of precipitate on the properties of the alloy. The microstructure, phase composition, hardness, biocorrosion properties and antimicrobial properties of Ti-5Mn alloys after different heat treatments was analyzed by metallurgical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tests, electrochemical tests and antimicrobial tests. The results have shown that the phase composition of the solid solution treated Ti-5Mn(T4) was mainly β-Ti phase, and the aged Ti-5Mn was composed of α-Ti phase and Ti17Mn3 phase, while Ti17Mn3 precipitate gradually increased with the extension of the aging time. Ti-5Mn(T4) showed the highest hardness and the best corrosion resistance and the aging process reduced the hardness of Ti-5Mn(T4) alloy. With the precipitation of Ti17Mn3, the corrosion resistance of the alloy became worse and the hardness was reduced, but the corrosion resistance of Ti-5Mn alloy was still better than that of cp-Ti. It was demonstrated that Ti-5Mn(T4) exhibited no antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, but the aging treatment improved the antibacterial property of Ti-5Mn(T4) alloy, and the antibacterial rate of Ti-5Mn alloy reached 69% after 50 h aging treatment.
Simulation of flip-flow screening adhesive organic fertilizer particles based on DEM-MBD coupling method
Authors: Chen Kaisheng , Chen Yan , Ding Saifei
Published: June 2024

For screening adhesive organic fertilizer particles, a Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) coupling model of screening adhesive organic fertilizer particles using a flip-flow screen is established. Then, the velocity, the distribution and the trajectory of the particles during the screening process are observed. Finally, the effects of the surface energy γ, the rotational speed n, the tensional amount ∆l and the feed rate M are investigated. The results show that the flip-flow screen could provide a high velocity for depolymerization of agglomerated particles and separation of adhesive particles from the screen panels, so adhesive organic fertilizer particles can be successfully screened by using the flip-flow screen and organic fertilizer particles in an easily absorbed range are obtained. With the increase of γ, both the flow rate and the screening efficiency decrease. With the increase of n, both first increase and then slightly decrease. With the increase of ∆l, both increase at a low n, or slightly decrease at a high n. With the increase of M, the screening efficiency decreases, while the total flow rate first increases and then decreases. Through adjusting n, ∆l, M, flip-flow screen can also be used to screen other adhesive particles.
Landau theory of barocaloric plastic crystals
Authors: Marín-Delgado R , Moya X , Guzmán-Verri G G
Published: June 2024

We present a minimal Landau theory of plastic-to-crystal phase transitions in which the key components are a multipole-moment order parameter that describes the orientational ordering of the constituent molecules, coupling between such order parameter and elastic strains, and thermal expansion. We illustrate the theory with the simplest non-trivial model in which the orientational ordering is described by a quadrupole moment, and use such model to calculate barocaloric effects in plastic crystals that are driven by hydrostatic pressure. The model captures characteristic features of plastic-to-crystal phase transitions, namely large changes in volume and entropy at the transition, as well as the linear dependence of the transition temperature with pressure. We identify temperature regions in the barocaloric response associated with the individual plastic and crystal phases, and those involving the phase transition. Our model is in overall agreement with previous experiments in powdered samples of fullerite C60, and predicts peak isothermal entropy changes of

∼

90

J

K

−
1

kg

−
1

and peak adiabatic temperature changes of

∼

35

K

under

0.60

GPa at

265

K in fullerite single crystals.
Convergence and stability results for the particle system in the Stein gradient descent method
Authors: Carrillo José , Skrzeczkowski Jakub
Published: June 2024

There has been recently a lot of interest in the analysis of the Stein gradient descent method, a deterministic sampling algorithm. It is based on a particle system moving along the gradient flow of the Kullback-Leibler divergence towards the asymptotic state corresponding to the desired distribution. Mathematically, the method can be formulated as a joint limit of time

t
t

and number of particles

N
N

going to infinity. We first observe that the recent work of Lu, Lu and Nolen [SIAM J. Math Anal. 51 (2019), pp. 648–671] implies that if

t
=
O
(
log
⁡
(
log
⁡
N
)
)

t=O(\log (\log N))

, then the joint limit can be rigorously justified in the Wasserstein distance. Not satisfied with this time scale, we explore what happens for larger times by investigating the stability of the method: if the particles are initially close to the asymptotic state, with distance

O
(
1

/

N
)

O(1/N)

, how long will they remain close? We prove that this happens in algebraic time scales

t
=
O
(

N

)

t=O(\sqrt {N})

which is significantly better. The exploited method, developed by Caglioti and Rousset [J. Stat. Phys. 129 (2007), pp. 241–263; Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 190 (2008), pp. 517–547] for the Vlasov equation, is based on finding a functional invariant for the linearized equation. This allows to eliminate linear terms and arrive at an improved Grönwall-type estimate.
On Dancer’s conjecture for stable solutions with sign-changing nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang Kelei , Wei Juncheng , Wu Ke
Published: June 2024

We establish a Liouville type result for stable solutions for a wide class of second order semilinear elliptic equations in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^{n}

with sign-changing nonlinearity

f
f

. Under the hypothesis that the equation does not have any nonconstant one dimensional stable solution, and a further nondegeneracy condition of

f
f

at its zero points, we show that in any dimension, stable solutions of the equation must be constant. This partially answers a question raised by Dancer.
Orthogonality preserving maps on a Grassmann space in semifinite factors
Authors: Shi Weijuan , Shen Junhao , Dou Yan-Ni , Zhang Haiyan
Published: June 2024

Let

M

\mathcal M

be a semifinite factor with a fixed faithful normal semifinite tracial weight

τ
\tau

such that

τ
(
I
)
=
∞

\tau (I)=\infty

. Denote by

P

(

M

,
τ
)

\mathscr P(\mathcal M,\tau )

the set of all projections in

M

\mathcal M

and
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper P Superscript normal infinity Baseline left-parenthesis script upper M comma tau right-parenthesis equals StartSet upper P element-of script upper P left-parenthesis script upper M comma tau right-parenthesis colon tau left-parenthesis upper P right-parenthesis equals tau left-parenthesis upper I minus upper P right-parenthesis equals normal infinity EndSet">

P

∞

(

M

,
τ
)
=
{
P
∈

P

(

M

,
τ
)
:
τ
(
P
)
=
τ
(
I
−
P
)
=
∞
}

\mathscr P^{\infty }(\mathcal M,\tau )=\{P\in \mathscr P(\mathcal M,\tau ): \tau (P)=\tau (I-P)=\infty \}

. In this paper, as a generalization of Uhlhorn’s theorem, we establish the general form of orthogonality preserving maps on the Grassmann space

P

∞

(

M

,
τ
)

\mathscr P^{\infty }(\mathcal M,\tau )

. We prove that every such map on

P

∞

(

M

,
τ
)

\mathscr P^{\infty }(\mathcal M,\tau )

can be extended to a Jordan

∗
*

-isomorphism

ρ
\rho

of

M

\mathcal M

onto

M

\mathcal M

.
Unbounded operators and the uncertainty principle
Authors: Haslinger Friedrich
Published: June 2024

We study a variant of the uncertainty principle in terms of the annihilation and creation operator on generalized Segal Bargmann spaces, which are used for the FBI-Bargmann transform. In addition, we compute the Berezin transform of these operators and indicate how to use spaces of entire functions in one variable to study the Szegő kernel for hypersurfaces in

C

2

\mathbb C^2

.
Norm attaining operators into locally asymptotically midpoint uniformly convex Banach spaces
Authors: Fovelle A.
Published: June 2024

We prove that if

Y
Y

is a locally asymptotically midpoint uniformly convex Banach space which has either a normalized, symmetric basic sequence that is not equivalent to the unit vector basis in

ℓ
1

\ell _1

, or a normalized sequence with upper p-estimates for some

p
>
1

p>1

, then

Y
Y

does not satisfy Lindenstrauss’ property B.
On maximal dihedral reflection subgroups and generalized noncrossing partitions
Authors: Gobet Thomas
Published: June 2024

In this note, we give a new proof of a result of Matthew Dyer stating that in an arbitrary Coxeter group

W
W

, every pair

t
,

t
′

t,t’

of distinct reflections lie in a unique maximal dihedral reflection subgroup of

W
W

. Our proof only relies on the combinatorics of words, in particular we do not use root systems at all. As an application, we deduce a new proof of a recent result of Delucchi-Paolini-Salvetti, stating that the poset

[
1
,
c

]
T

[1,c]_T

of generalized noncrossing partitions in any Coxeter group of rank

3
3

is a lattice. We achieve this by showing the more general statement that any interval of length

3
3

in the absolute order on an arbitrary Coxeter group is a lattice. This implies that the interval group attached to any interval

[
1
,
w

]
T

[1,w]_T

where

w
w

is an element of an arbitrary Coxeter group with

ℓ
T

(
w
)
=
3

\ell _T(w)=3

is a quasi-Garside group.