bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pan-cancer Analysis of the Role of the Transmembrane Protein 91(TMEM91) in Human Tumors
Authors: Jiang Ziqing , Song Tao , Li Qianying
Published: April 2023

Transmembrane protein 91(TMEM91) encodes a protein belonging to the transmembrane protein family which mediates many human physiological processes, such as the regulation of cell migration and invasion, and participates in the immune response. At present, research on the TMEM family members focuses mostly on the field of molecular mechanisms, and the role of TMEM91 in tumor cells is still unrecognized. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, we can analysis the expression of TMEM91 in various tumors. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the evaluation of the prognostic significance of TMEM91 in patients with pan-cancer. The dif-ferential expression of TMEM91 in diverse cancers with different clinical characteristics was analyzed with the UALCAN database. TIMER was used to explore how TMEM91 correlates with immune infiltration. The correlations between TMEM91 expression immune checkpoint (ICP), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) in human cancers were analyzed via the SangerBox database. Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) platform was used to investigate the correlation between TMEM91 expression with Copy number variations (CNV) and methylation. Protein-Protein Interaction analysis was performed in the GeneMANIA database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes pathway en-richment analyses were further conducted for exploration of TMEM91 function. According to the finding of this study, downregulated TMEM91 expression was observed in numerous tumor tissues. The low TMEM91 expression group showed poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). TMEM91 was positively correlated with can-cer-associated fibroblast (CAF), and nature killer T cell (NKT), and negatively correlated with CD4 + T cells, B cells and common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). Here, we show that there is a positive relationship between Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and expression of TMEM91, whereas the correlation of TMEM91 expression with DNA methylation was nega-tive in all cases. Molecular biology experiments were performed to confirm the tumor pro-moting role of TMEM91 in glioma. Function analysis showed that TMEM91 expres-sion-related genes were mainly enriched in response to type I interferon /regulation of viral genome replication/negative regulation of viral process/movement in host environment. In addition, the association between the expression of TMEM91 and the use of the anticancer drug, sensitive anti-tumor drug based on CellMiner were predicted, such as the anticancer drug AS-703569, Hydroxyurea. Our pan-cancer analysis provides a deep understanding of the functions of TMEM91.TMEM91 may affect the oncogenesis and metastasis in different cancers via mediating the immune infiltrating cells and the degree of methylation. This study sheds new light on the mechanism of TMEM family in cancer.
Preparation and properties of a novel decorative base paper for formaldehyde-free adhesive impregnation
Authors: Liang Min , Gong Jingya , Xu Jianfeng , Liu Ru , Long Ling
Published: April 2023

Formaldehyde-free adhesives are gaining attention due to their compatibility with green production methods. Decorative base paper (DBP) is known for its physical strength and printability and has a high ability for absorbing aldehyde-free adhesives for impregnation. In this paper, DBP was prepared with TiO2 and SiO2 combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), where the amount of TiO2 was reduced in the pulp process. The prepared DBP was impregnated by aldehyde-free adhesive and hot-pressed on wood-based panels. The results showed that upon SiO2 coating, the surface smoothness of base paper increased by 132.3%, whereas the tensile strength increased by 33.6%. Furthermore, the color density of cyan, magenta, yellow and black colors increased by 75.4%, 99.2%, 51.9% and 90.5%, respectively. The surface properties like surface bonding strength and wear resistance of the covered wood-based panels were found to satisfy the standard requirements, which indicates the products can be used for furniture products.
Clinical utility and applicability of the ,Esophagus Complication Consensus Group’ (ECCG) classification of anastomotic leakage following hybrid Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy
Authors: Bartella Isabel , Brunner Stefanie , Schiffmann Lars M. , Schiller Petra , Schmidt Thomas , Fuchs Hans , Chon Seung , Bruns Christiane Josephine , Schröder Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Purpose Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains the leading surgical complication following Ivor-Lewis (IL) esophagectomy. Different treatment options of AL exist but outcome is difficult to compare due to a lack of generally accepted classifications. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical significance of a recently proposed classification based on the management of AL.Methods A cohort of 954 consecutive patients undergoing hybrid IL esophagectomy (laparoscopy/thoracotomy) was analysed. AL was defined according to the ,Esophagus Complication Consensus Group’ (ECCG) criteria depending on its treatment: conservative (AL type I), interventional endoscopic (AL type II), and surgical (AL type III). Primary outcome was single or multiple organ failure (Clavien-Dindo IVA/B) associated with AL.Results Overall morbidity was 63.0% and 8.8% (84/954 patients) developed an AL postoperatively. Three patients (3.5%) had an AL type I, 57 patients (67.9%) an AL type II and 24 patients (28.6%) an AL type III. For patients managed surgically, AL was diagnosed significantly earlier (median days: AL type III: 2 vs AL type II: 6, p < 0.001). Associated organ failure (CD IVA/B) was significantly lower for AL type II as compared to AL type III (21.1% versus 45.8%, p < 0.0001). In-hospital mortality was 3.5% for AL type II and 8.3% for AL type III (p = 0.789). There was no difference for re-admission to ICU and overall length of hospital stay.Conclusion The proposed ECCG classification is simply to apply and discriminates the post-treatment severity of AL but does not aid to implement a treatment algorithm.
RETRACTED: Prognostic role of the systemic immune-inflammation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Guomin , Zhang Hui , Ye Pucong , Chen Wei
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Surface Modification of Paper Substrates by A Printed UV Curing Varnish Layer and A Transferred Transparent PEDOT:PSS Electrode for Paper-based Perovskite Light-Emitting Devices in Ambient Air
Authors: Liu Guodong , Gao Xiuan , Wang Yinfeng , Li Zhijian
Published: April 2023

Paper, a low-cost and eco-friendly substrate, can be used to prepare flexible electronic devices by resorting to surface modification technology. In this study, we investigated the surface modification of paper substrates, including those that were uncoated or coated with traditional mineral coatings, to analyze the enhancements to surface flatness and water resistance using a UV curing varnish layer. Furthermore, we explored the formation of perovskite films on the surface-modified paper substrates utilizing a PEO-doped perovskite precursor solution in ambient air, and the surface morphology, crystallinity, photoluminescence properties, and absorption properties of the prepared perovskite films were discussed accordingly. Considering the nontransparent feature of paper-based substrates, the inverted perovskite light-emitting device was finally assembled by transfer printing a transparent PEDOT:PSS layer as a top electrode. The conductive and optical properties of the electrode layer were thus analyzed as well. It is found that the surface modification of paper substrates via printing the UV curing varnish can illustrate significant improvements, such as pore-filling on the surface, a more than 10-fold reduction in roughness, and downward penetration. Moreover, prepared perovskite films on the surface-modified coated paper exhibit superior enhancements, including photoluminescence, higher crystallinity, and surface roughness and porosity. Devices fabricated on the surface-modified substrates are less susceptible to short-circuiting. The electroluminescence improved on the surface-modified coated paper substrate is 2.16 times higher than the prepared device on the surface-modified base paper substrate and even 3.23 times higher than on the PET substrate. Therefore, it is quite feasible to fabricate a perovskite light-emitting device on the modified surface of a paper substrate by using a printed UV curing varnish layer, which is expected to be a promising coating to polish the paper surface in the preparation of electroluminescent devices.
Irregularity and Multifractal Structure of Precipitation Patterns in Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and North Africa
Authors: TATLI Hasan , KOÇAK Kasım
Published: April 2023

This study proposes a new perspective on analysing precipitation patterns in a large geographic region covering Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and North Africa. The primary objective is to investigate the multifractal singular spectrum structure of precipitation patterns, which is an important contribution to understanding the complex spatiotemporal variability of precipitation in this region. By using advanced statistical techniques such as multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA), cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA), and empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) on precipitation data from the Climate Prediction Centre’s Combined Precipitation Analysis (CMAP), this study aims to enhance our understanding of precipitation patterns in the region and provide valuable insights into their multifractal singular spectrum structure. The DCCA technique was used to analyse the EOF functions of precipitation time series in the 12-month, 60-month (5-year), and 120-month (10-year) moving-window periods. In addition to the EOF patterns of the conventional (Pearson) correlation matrix, 864 precipitation time series from latitudes 20° to 75° N and longitudes 23°W to 61° E were used. The broad research area was chosen to encompass the Mediterranean basin, which is in a transition zone between the semi-arid North African belt and the moist western and central European regions. The present research employed the MF-DFA technique to compute the Hurst exponents and multiple fractal spectra of the top five significant empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) across the studied region. Overall, this study offers a novel approach to analysing precipitation patterns in this region and can significantly contribute to our knowledge of their multifractal singular spectrum structure. The findings show that minor-scale fluctuations have a greater impact on the fixed larger-scale components, as evidenced by the q-dependent multifractal singular spectrum of the Hurst exponents. This could account for the non-uniform fractal shape and positively skewed inclination of the probability density functions of the precipitation data. The study reveals that the multifractal q-dependent structure of the EOFs remains persistent up to the 12th month or sub-year, after which it disappears. This observation is consistent with the finding that the EOF patterns, which provide insights into the geographical distribution of precipitation, are generally preserved over intervals of 12 months or more. Thus, the analysis of precipitation records across a large region highlights a prevalent climatological pattern that varies and evolves at sub-year intervals but is more stable and essentially consistent over longer timescales.
Research on similar time series data search algorithm based on dimension-by-dimension strategy
Authors: Wang Dacheng , Teng Qizhi , Jiao Yue , Zhang Ling
Published: April 2023

The CS search algorithm is a new type of bionic optimization algorithm, which is simple and efficient, and has been successfully used in classical theoretical research and engineering applications. The algorithm uses the overall update evaluation solution to solve the continuous function optimization problem. Due to the phenomenon of mutual dimensional interference, the local refinement ability and convergence speed of the algorithm will be affected to some extent. This paper introduces the evaluation strategy of one-dimensional update and rewrites the step formula of the random walk component so that the algorithm makes full use of one-dimensional evolution information. It strengthens the local search, improves the convergence speed and the quality of the solution, and gives experimental results. The calculation results of different dimensions show that: as the dimension increases, the dimension-by-dimension strategy improves the convergence speed and solution quality. Compared with the related improved CS algorithm and other evolutionary algorithms, the improved algorithm has certain competitiveness in solving multi-dimensional function optimization problems.
Tool State Recognition During Milling Process using Time Series Signals and Multiple Input CNN Architecture.
Authors: Bukowski Michał , Antoniuk Izabella , Szymanowski Karol , Kurek Jarosław
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel multi-input Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. Instead of commonly used, single-input variant, described method is based on 11 input images. The resulting machine learning model is applied to the problem of automatic monitoring of tool wear during chipboard milling. The main goal is to inform the machine operator about the degree of tool wear, categorized in three classes as "green," "yellow," or "red", denoting deteriorating state. Each of the initial 75 samples (25 samples per class) consisted of 11 signals. All signals were then represented as scalograms, where each image was created using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based on the Morse wavelet. Scalograms provide a visual representation of the signal's behavior in both time and frequency domains, simplifying the analysis and interpretation of its features. Resulting dataset containing scalogram images, consisted of 825 elements, enabling the construction of a reliable milling diagnostic model that recognized the milling tool as one of the three wear classes using the modified 11-input CNN. The advantage of this approach is the elimination of manual extraction of potential diagnostic variables for each signal and feature selection, as CNNs performs this stage without supervision and manual processes. This means that the risk of overfitting the model is reduced, and at the same time stability is increased. The obtained model accuracy surpasses previously analyzed approaches, reaching 96.00% compared to the 93.33% accuracy obtained earlier on.
Pulsed electrical stimulation and amino acid derivatives promote collagen gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Akimoto Ryuji , Kamiya Shohei , Hosoki Katsu , Ichikawa Hideyuki , Nishiyama Toshio , Urabe Hiroya
Published: April 2023

Several collagen types are important for maintaining skin structure and function. Previous reports show that L-hydroxyproline (Hyp), N-acetyl-L-hydroxyproline (AHyp), and L-alanyl-L-glutamine (Aln-Gln) are biological active substances with collagen synthesis-promoting effects. In this study, we combined the promotive effects of pulsed electrical stimulation (PES) with three amino acid derivatives (AADs) in human dermal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were exposed to PES with a 4,800 Hz pulse frequency and a voltage at 1 V or 5 V for 15 minutes. The gene expression of type I and Ⅲ collagen (fibrillar collagen), type Ⅳ and Ⅶ collagen (basement membrane collagen and anchoring fibril collagen) were measured by RT-PCR 48 hours after PES. PES alone promoted the expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 at 5 V but did not alter that of COL4A1 and COL7A1. Each AAD and the AAD mixture promoted the expression of COL4A1 and COL7A1 but either repressed, or did not alter, that of COL1A1 and COL3A1. Compared to treatment with each AAD, PES at 5 V with Hyp promoted the expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1, enhanced COL3A1 expression with AHyp, and stimulated COL3A1 expression with Aln-Gln, while COL4A1 and COL7A1 expressions were not affected. PES and the AAD mixture significantly promoted COL4A1 expression in a voltage-dependent manner, and COL1A1 and COL3A1 demonstrated a similar but nonsignificant trend, whereas COL7A1 expression was not affected. The combination of PES with each AAD or the AAD mixture may improve skin structure and function by increasing the expression of basement membrane collagen and dermal fibrillar collagen.
Attitudes of Chinese health professionals toward termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wu Ying , Liu Yanlin , Wang Xiaomin , Zhong Yuqiong , Zhang Xin , Luo Dan , Liu Xing
Published: April 2023

Background:This cross-sectional study explores the attitudes of Chinese health professionals toward the termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA) based on four case scenarios. The study aims to identify the factors that influence their attitudes and provide insights to formulate norms and strategies for prevention and treatment of fetal anomalies.
Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed, and 750 valid questionnaires were collected from 14 prefectures and cities in central China. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and binary logistic regression was used to determine associations between health professionals’ attitudes toward TOPFA and sociodemographic and other variables, expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: The study found that 63.5% of health professionals approved of the birth of a fetus with cleft lip and palate, while 36.5% opposed it. Similarly, 39.7% approved of the birth of a fetus with phenylketonuria, while 60.3% opposed it. The percentages of those in favor of and against the birth of a fetus with precocious heart disease were 45.5% and 54.5%, respectively, and those for and against the birth of a fetus with missing fingers were 50.8% and 49.2%, respectively. The top three factors that influenced the attitudes of health professionals toward the birth of a defective fetus were "the impact of the fetus' own disease on its physical function and growth," "the severity of the fetus' own disease," and "the professional assessment of the indications for treatment of the fetus' disease and related professional advice." The majority of health professionals (75–78%) preferred joint decision-making by parents regarding the right to decide whether a fetus with birth defects will be born.
Conclusions:This study is the first case-based study in China to examine the attitudes of Chinese health professionals toward TOPFA. It highlights the need for professional training including in ethics and medical strategies related to birth defects prevention and control for health professionals at all levels. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for formulating norms and strategies for the prevention and treatment of fetal anomalies in China.
Nutritional composition and pharmacological activity of Musa balbisiana Colla seed: an insight into phytochemical and cellular bioenergetic profiling
Authors: Gurumayum Nonibala , Sarma Partha Pratim , Khound Puspanjali , Jana Uttam Kumar , Devi Rajlakshmi
Published: April 2023

Musa balbisiana Colla, belonging to the family Musaceae, is well-known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. The present study analyses the phytochemical content and evaluated the nutritional, antioxidant, anti-glycation, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of M. balbisiana seed. In addition, bioenergetic profiles of the bioactive fraction of M. balbisiana seeds against oxidative stress-related mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction were studied using XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer for the first time. M. balbisiana seeds have high nutritional values with ample amounts of carbohydrates, starch, protein, and minerals (Ca, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Zn). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of M. balbisiana seed methanolic extract yield ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest antioxidant, anti-glycation, and phytochemical content as compared to other fractions. EAF also showed lower α-amylase inhibition and higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 14 phytochemical compounds that have not been reported previously from M. balbisiana seed. A strong correlation between the biological activities and total phenolic/tannin content was observed. In addition, M. balbisianaseeds improved the bioenergetic profiles of free fatty acid-induced oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in ATP production, respiratory and glycolytic capacity. Therefore, M. balbisiana seed can be a natural supplement to boost antioxidant levels and fight against oxidative stress and non-enzymatic glycation.
Setback distance between coastal cities and wetlands to protect waterbirds
Authors: Luo Rong-Bo , Ni Hong-Gang
Published: April 2023

Context
Increasing pressure caused by human activities and environmental degradation in coastal zones has had significant impacts on coastal systems, and urgent attention is required in many coastal areas globally. To improve the management of coastal ecosystems and resources,many countries and regions are performingpractical researchon coastal development setback guidelines. However, most guideline distances have been developed based on normative studies rather than natural science research methods.
Objectives
In this study, a simple method of assessing the appropriate coastal setback distance for coastal urban construction was developed.
Methods
Three methods are considered, namely, setback distances based on pollution, flush distance, and noise attenuation distance, and we attempted to achieve congruency among these methods. Thus, the final setback distance should be based on an integration of all three estimated values.
Results
However, conflicts were observed in the setback distances based on the three factors, and we integrated and considered the recommended values of different algorithms to reach a consensus. Under these principles, an overlap range from 350 to 714 m was suggested as a setback distance.
Conclusions
Our recommended values fell into the range of setback distances used by current methods and were outcomes of quantitative research. This recommended range was obtained under ideal conditions. Given the complexities of formulating technical guidelines and planning construction setback lines, the recommended range can only be used as a reference.
Identification of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from fishponds and their performance to remove hydrogen sulfide under aquarium conditions
Authors: Dashtbin Rana , Mahmoudi Nemat , Kollayeh Hossein Besharati , Lalevic Blažo
Published: April 2023

Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas that causes many economic losses in aquaculture ponds. The application of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) to remove hydrogen sulfide is an eco-friendly approach. This study aimed to isolate and identify the most efficient SOBs from the sediment of warm-water fish farms. Enrichment and isolation were performed in three different culture media (Starkey, Postgate, and H-3) based on both mineral and organic carbon. Overall, 27 isolates (14 autotrophic and 13 heterotrophic isolates) were purified based on colony and cell morphology differences. Initial screening was performed based on pH decrease. For final screening, the isolates were assessed based on their efficacy in thiosulfate oxidation and the sulfate production on Starkey liquid medium. Among isolated strains, 3 strains of Iran 2 (FH-13), Iran 3 (FH-21), and Iran 1 (FH-14) that belonged to the genus Thiobacillus thioparus (identified by 16s rRNA) showed the highest ability in thiosulfate oxidation (413.21, 1362.50, and 4188.03 mg l‒1 for 14 days) and the highest sulfate production (3350, 2075, and 1600 mg l‒1). In the final phase, the performance of these strains under aquarium conditions showed that Iran 1 and Iran 2 had the highest ability in sulfur oxidation. In conclusion, Iran 1 and 2 strains can be used as effective SOB to remove hydrogen sulfide in fish farms. It is very important to evaluate strains in an appropriate strategy using a combination of different criteria to ensure optimal performance of SOB in farm conditions.
WSe2 thin-films as efficient optical limiters: A study on impact of annealing
Authors: Surbhi Km. , Sahoo Utkalika Priyadarshni , Sahoo Pratap Kumar , Das Ritwick
Published: April 2023

We present a detailed investigation on the impact of thermal annealing on the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of sputtered WSe2 thin-films. The process of annealing results in an appreciable change in morphology and texture of WSe2 films that is governed by the annealing temperature and duration of annealing. These modifications are apparent from the electron micrographs as well as X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum. The visible absorption spectroscopy point towards a gradual shrinkage of electronic bandgap which motivated us to explore the impact of NLO properties of the annealed WSe2 films. The NLO measurements were carried out using single-beam Z-scan technique using ultrashort pulses centered at 1030 nm excitation wavelength. The investigations reveal a distinct two-photon absorption (TPA) signature for the annealed WSe2 films along with a self-focusing effect. The observations indicate strengthening of optical limiting behaviour exhibited by WSe2 films when they are annealed for a longer duration. The outcomes suggest that the process of annealing in WSe2 films allows to control the NLO properties and renders them more suitable candidates as optical limiters for high-power applications.
Online Influence Maximization under Continuous Independent Cascade Model with Node-Edge-Level Feedback
Authors: Liu Chao , Xu Haichao , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: April 2023

We study the online influence maximization problem in social networks. We concentrate on solving two challenges in this paper. First, we work with continuous independent cascade model instead of independent cascade model. In the independent cascade model, the influence diffusion is limited and imprecise because an activated node can only attempt to impact a neighbor through a directed edge for once. Therefore we propose a continuous influence set, and combine this set with the independent cascade model to build a continuous independent cascade model, which realizes multiple activation and can be more customized to attract more targeted users. Second, we devise node-edge-level feedback instead of node-level feedback. In the node-level feedback, though the combined influence is relatively easy to observe, the exact edge which cause the influence seldom reveals. Therefore we use node-edge-level feedback to generate the source nodes which activate the active node. We improve the IMFB algorithm and propose the CIC_IMFB-NE algorithm. The CIC_IMFB-NE algorithm is more efficient than the existing online influence maximization algorithm. Our experiments demonstrate the excellence of CIC_IMFB-NE in terms of regret bound in real life.
Water quality evaluation using water quality index and pollution model in selected communities in Gbaramatu Kingdom, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Sam Kabari , Onyena Amarachi , Eriegha Ochuko Joshua , Eze Felix
Published: April 2023

Drinking water quality is a critical factor affecting human health particularly in natural resource-dependent countries including Nigeria. Hydrocarbon related pollution, mining waste, microbial load, industrial discharge and other anthropogenic stressors degrade drinking water quality in coastal communities and pose serious public health and ecological risks. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of drinking water in selected communities (Okerenkoko, Kurutie and Oporoza) in Gbaramatu Kingdom, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, to assess the water quality using the water quality index (WQI) and pollution models. Nitrate, chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, aluminium, pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, cyanide and residual chlorine were measured in twelve selected locations across three communities. WQI results of 139 to 44180 indicated that analyzed water samples exceeded the critical WQI value of 100, in addition the mean pH of the water samples recorded 8.11 ± 0.32, indicating unsuitability for consumption. Nickel ranging from 0.014 to 0.176 mg/L and residual chlorine 11.6 to 7407 mg/L were the major contributors to the degradation of water quality and exceeded the WHO recommended limit of 0.02 and 0.25 respectively. While groundwater had better organoleptic properties compared to surface and rain water, the geo-accumulation index showed that water sources vary from moderately to heavily contaminated with Ni and Cd. The WQI and pollution model results indicate that immediate action is required by stakeholders to address water quality deterioration (e.g., providing alternative water supply) as existing water resources in the area pose significant health risks to the local population.
“Cut the cost of defence and invest more for education” when self-studying of student/researcher is an automatic contribution for national and worldwide development without getting money
Authors: Hossain Md. Anowar
Published: April 2023

Every government all over the world has investment strategy for primary schooling to PhD education. Five years duration of primary education is mandatory for child although 100% child is not going to school in poor or developing countries. Self-earned money relates to direct financial solvency and financial achievement. Oppositely self-studying is a long-term effort for self-investment. Self-education relates to be an educated person for self-development. Self-studying directly reflects for national and worldwide contribution. Self-education reflects for society contribution and automatically minimize social crime all over the world. The self-studying has no self-earned money directly. The difference of investment between self-studying and self-earning has been compared. Self-earned money gradually generates the financial achievement and self-education enhances self-development to be educated person. A self-studying student self-finances around 45558AUD during 22 years academic schooling from primary to PhD degree under very minimum payment of poor or developing countries all over the world. This is a very patient self-financing through self-studying without getting immediate reward of life journey. Financial achievement of a PhD researcher is comparatively very minor in terms of their society contribution.
Prognosis and Dissection of the Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Signatures
Authors: Liang Jinfeng , Huang Yi , Xiao Xue , Liang Yushan
Published: April 2023

Background Research has shown that reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism (FAM) is involved in tumorigenicity and cancer progression, as well as the impact of tumor immune microenvironments (TME) on tumorigenesis, metastasis, and the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, no reliable molecular markers based on fatty acid metabolism have been identified to predict prognosis, immune infiltration, and treatment in HNSCC.Methods In the HNSCC samples of TCGA, we performed a consensus clustering algorithm to separate molecular subtypes. And then we established a risk model for prognosis with Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The predictive efficacy of risk model was also verified by another HNSCC cohort from GEO.We also evaluated the risk score association with the clinicopathological features and explored differences of immune cell infiltration, immune status and chemotherapeutic drugs IC 50 value concentration between high and low risk subgroup.Results Three distinct fatty acid metabolism subtypes were identified among 494 HNSCC samples, which were also associated with different clinical outcomes, TME characteristics and clinical features. 9 prognosisrelated genes which were different expressed among three subgroups were screened out for prognostic signature. According to the risk score caculated by the signature genes, patients in TCGA cohort can be divided into high and low risk score subgroups. The low risk score subgroup patients displayed a better prognosis. Further analysis indicated that low risk score correlated with higher immune cells infiltration. In addition, patients with higher risk scores showed a better chemotherapy sensetivity of cisplatin and docetaxel.Conclusions We developed a signature capable of predicting prognosis, representing the TME, enhancing individualized therapy, and providing a novel immunotherapeutic marker in HNSCC.
On Equienergetic Graphs and Graph Energy of Some Standard Graphs with Self loops
Authors: Popat Kalpesh M. , Shingala Kunal R.
Published: April 2023

Let $G_S$ be the graph of order $n$ and containing $\sigma$ self-loops. The energy $E(G_S)$ of graph $G_S$ is defined as $E(G_S)=\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{n}\bigg\lvert\lambda_i-\dfrac{\sigma}{n}\bigg\rvert$, where $\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \dots, \lambda_n$ be the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G_S$. Two non-isomorphic graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ of the same order are said to be equienergetic if they have same energy. The proposed research is an effort to expand the concept of equienergetic graphs from simple graphs to graphs having self-loops. In the present work, we have obtained a pair of equienergetic graphs and the energy of complete graphs as well as complete bipartite graphs with self loops.
Neural Network Architectures for Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Röder Lenard L.
Published: April 2023

State-of-the-art neural network architectures in image classification and natural language processing were applied to absorption spectroscopy applications by interpreting the data structure accordingly. A model was designed for temporal interpolation of background spectra and a different model was created for gas concentration fitting. The networks were trained on experimental data provided by a wavelength modulation spectroscopy instrument and the best performing architectures were analyzed further to evaluate generalization performance, robustness and transferability. A BERT-styled fitter achieved the best performance on the validation set and reduced the mean squared error of fitted amplitude by 99.5 %. A U-Net styled convolutional neural network reduced the mean squared error of the interpolation by 93.2 %. Evaluation on a test set provided evidence that the combination of model interpolation and linear fitting was robust and the detection limit was improved by 52.4 %. Transferring the trained models to a different spectrometer setup was tested and showed no chaotic out-of-distribution effects. Additional fine-tuning further helped increasing the performance of the transferred model.
Overall the proposed model architectures can be applied to spectroscopy tasks if the data structure is interpreted the right way and the pre-trained networks are robust and can be transferred to other spectrometer setups.
Barriers and Facilitators of 24-Hour Movement Behaviours in 3 to 4-year-old Children from Low-Income Families: A Study Protocol
Authors: Dalziell Andrew , Janssen Xanne
Published: April 2023

This study will evaluate the barriers and facilitators that families experience in adhering to the 24-Hour Movement behaviours guidelines as outlined by World Health Organisation (WHO). The study is a mixed-methods study and will recruit between 20 to 30 low-income families with children aged 3- to 4-years living in Scotland. For the quantitative part, children will be asked to wear an Actigraph (GT3X+) accelerometer to measure physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Parents/guardians will be asked to keep an activity diary outlining when their child has had to remove the device (i.e., showering, bathing, swimming) and record the child’s screen time each day. Once the data has been analysed, a unique activity profile chart will be sent out to each family illustrating their child’s 24-hour movement behaviours (i.e., time spent active, time spent sedentary and on screens, time spent sleeping). The activity profile will provide a day-by-day output as well as a weekly average for each of the 24-hour movement behaviours. Qualitative data will be collected using the Asynchronous Remote Communities method (ARC). The ARC involves participants completing activities using an online closed Facebook group. Parents/guardians of 3- to 4-year-old children will be asked to engage in group discussion tasks using the private and closed-group online platform (a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 8 families per discussion group). The quantitative data collated from the questionnaire and activity monitor will be presented through descriptive analysis and after the 6-week asynchronous process is complete, qualitative data will be collated and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive approach to thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2019).
Protocol for a scoping review of measures used in serious online games for people with cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Longley Verity , Opdebeeck Carol
Published: April 2023

This is a protocol for a scoping literature review of measures used in serious online games for people with cognitive impairment and dementia. The aims of this scoping literature review are:
1. To identify the types of outcome measures used in serious online games for people with dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment
2. To characterise and describe use of outcome measures in serious online games for people with dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment
A comparative national-level analysis of government food system resilience activities in preparation for future food system disruptions.
Authors: Lloyd Jane , Moore E.R.H. , Dowell Lyndsey , Neff Roni
Published: April 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic, extreme weather events, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have highlighted global food system vulnerabilities and a lack of preparedness and prospective planning for increasingly complex disruptions. This has spurred an interest in food system resilience. Despite the elevated interest in food system resilience, there is a lack of comparative analyses of national-level food system resilience efforts. An improved understanding of the food system resilience landscape can support and inform future policies, programs, and planning.
Methods
We conducted a cross-country comparison of national-level food system resilience activities from Australia, Aotearoa (New Zealand), Sweden, and the United States. We developed upon and adapted the resilience framework proposed by Harris and Spiegel to compare actions derived from thirteen national food system resilience documents. We coded the documents based on how the governments determined actions by food system resilience attribute utilized, part of the food supply chain, specific shocks or stressors, implementation level, the temporal focus of action, and the expected impact on food security. We analyzed and compared countries’ coded categories, subcategories, and category combinations.
Results
The results showed that countries are using multi-pronged policy actions to address food system resilience issues and are focused on both retrospective reviews and prospective models of disruptive events to inform their decisions. Some work has been done towards preparing for climate change and other natural disasters, but not as much for other shocks or stressors.
Conclusions
The analysis identified potential gaps, concentrations, and themes in national food systems resilience. The framework can be applied to augment existing policy, create new policy, as well as to supplement and complement other existing frameworks.
The Choice of the Foreign Touristic Destination: An Analysis of the Motivational Factors among the Algerian Tourists
Authors: Brahimi Hadia , Benlaib Boubakeur , Rouaski Khaled
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to identify the motivational factors related to the choice of foreign touristic destinations among Algerian tourists. A questionnaire was distributed online and the study sample reached 318 Algerian tourists who visited at least one tourist destination outside of the country in 2018 or 2019. The data processing was done using the statistical software SPSS 28. The results showed on the one hand that the main internal motives for choosing a foreign destination are the desire to visit new places and see new natural landscapes, discover new cultures and lifestyles, and live a new travel experience. On the other hand, the main external motivations are the availability of the best quality-price ratio, the safety, and cleanliness of the destination, and the exceptional natural landscapes and historical sites.
In silico Identification of Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase Inhibitory Potentials of Xanthones Isolated from African Medicinal Plants: An Integrated Computational Approach
Authors: Patil Rajesh B. , Owoseeni Onikepe Deborah , Phage Prajakta M. , Famuyiwa Samson Oluwaseyi , Gboyero Felix Olusegun , Arowojolu Glory Mayokun , Faloye Kolade Olatubosun
Published: April 2023

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to pose a threat to the existence of the human
race. The increasing number of diabetic subjects can be effectively controlled by targeting enzymes responsible
for high blood glucose levels. Xanthones are a class of phytochemicals that possesses promising
pharmacological potentials.

Objective:

This study identified fructose 1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitors by exploring xanthones
isolated from African medicinal plants through ensemble docking, molecular dynamics simulation and
density functional theory methods.

Methods:

The study used ensemble docking, molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory
(B3LYP/6-3G (d,p) basis set) and ADMET methods to select lead compound that may be effective as
fructose-I,6-biphosphatase inhibitor.

Results:

The ensemble docking results identified globulixanthone C (-10.0 kcal/mol), 1-Isomangostin (-
9.0 kcal/mol), laurentixanthone A (-9.0 kcal/mol), bangangxanthone A (-8.9 kcal/mol) and staudtiixanthone
B (-8.8 kcal/mol) as potential inhibitors of fructose-1,6-biphosphatase. Molecular dynamics studies
showed the xanthones established good binding mode and their binding energy ranged from -74.057 to
53.669 kJ/mol. Also, the electronic and ADMET studies of the xanthones elucidated their excellent pharmacological
potential.

Conclusion:

The study identified xanthones as potential fructose-1,6-biphosphatase inhibitors. The ligands'
binding energy and MMPBSA calculations supported their possible inhibitory property. Also, the
ADMET properties estimated show the ligands as suitable drug candidates as fructose-1,6-biphosphatase
inhibitors. Further in vitro and in vivo investigation of the hit molecules is necessary to develop new
FBPase inhibitors.
Investigation on the Anticancer Activity of [6]-Gingerol of Zingiber officinale
and its Structural Analogs against Skin Cancer
Authors: Adikesavan Monisha , Athiraja Praveena , Divakar Monisha Baby Babu
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by the uncontrolled
growth of abnormal cells in the epidermis and the outermost skin layer.

Aim:

This study aimed to study the anti-skin cancer potential of [6]-Gingerol and 21 related structural
analogs using in vitro and in silico studies.

Method:

The ethanolic crude extract of the selected plant was subjected to phytochemical and
GC-MS analysis to confirm the presence of the [6]-gingerol. The anticancer activity of the extract
was evaluated by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay
using the A431 human skin adenocarcinoma cell line.

Result:

The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of [6]-Gingerol compound, and its promising
cytotoxicity IC50 was found at 81.46 ug/ml in the MTT assay. Furthermore, the in silico studies
used [6]-Gingerol and 21 structural analogs collected from the PubChem database to investigate
the anticancer potential and drug-likeliness properties. Skin cancer protein, DDX3X, was selected
as a target that regulates all stages of RNA metabolism. It was docked with 22 compounds,
including [6]-Gingerol and 21 structural analogs. The potent lead molecule was selected based on
the lowest binding energy value.

Conclusion:

Thus, the [6]-Gingerol and its structure analogs could be used as lead molecules
against skin cancer and future drug development process.
A New Paradigm in Spinal Cord Injury Therapy: from Cell-free
Treatment to Engineering Modifications
Authors: Qin Bo , Hu Xi-min , Huang Yan-xia , Yang Rong-hua , Xiong Kun
Published: April 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable and poorly prognostic neurological disease, and
current treatments are still unable to cure it completely and avoid sequelae. Extracellular vesicles
(EVs), as important carriers of intercellular communication and pharmacological effects, are considered
to be the most promising candidates for SCI therapy because of their low toxicity and immunogenicity,
their ability to encapsulate endogenous bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic
acids), and their ability to cross the blood-brain/cerebrospinal barriers. However, poor targeting, low
retention rate, and limited therapeutic efficacy of natural EVs have bottlenecked EVs-based SCI therapy.
A new paradigm for SCI treatment will be provided by engineering modified EVs. Furthermore,
our limited understanding of the role of EVs in SCI pathology hinders the rational design of novel EVbased
therapeutic approaches. In this study, we review the pathophysiology after SCI, especially the
multicellular EVs-mediated crosstalk; briefly describe the shift from cellular to cell-free therapies for
SCI treatment; discuss and analyze the issues related to the route and dose of EVs administration;
summarize and present the common strategies for EVs drug loading in the treatment of SCI and point
out the shortcomings of these drug loading methods; finally, we analyze and highlight the feasibility
and advantages of bio-scaffold-encapsulated EVs for SCI treatment, providing scalable insights into
cell-free therapy for SCI.
Mechanical Properties of Mortar with Anadara Granosa Waste as Partial Sand Replacement
Authors: Ruslan Hanis Nadiah , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Jaafar Mohd Faizal Md , Zamri Nur Azzimah , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

In order to create a cleaner and more sustainable environment, cockle shell waste created from the local fisheries trade is used to produce construction materials, which meet the needs of a developing sustainable construction sector. The use of cockle shell waste as construction materials can help both the environment and the community. Though, the use of this waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate (sand) in mortar has received little attention.

Aims:

the current study aims to investigate the influence of Anadara granosa (cockle shell) as a fine aggregate substitute on the mechanical properties of mortar namely compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic modulus elasticity.

Method:

In this study, the cockle shell is crushed to fine particles and then integrated as fine aggregate replacement in various ratios of 10, 20, 30, and 40%.

Result:

The result indicated that integrating 10% crushed cockle shell into mortar enhances its compressive strength, flexural strength, and modulus elasticity when compared to the control mortar.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, success in utilizing cockle shells as sand in mortar can help to reduce environmental problems and produce sustainable construction material.