bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECENT TRENDS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Dereso Chala Wata
Published: April 2021

Ethiopia is the second-largest country in African content with a population of 905 million whereas Nigeria occupied first place with a population of 105 million. As per the Human Development Index, Ethiopia ranked as 173rd position out of 189 countries. It is one of the least developed countries (LDCs) in the world. Presently, Ethiopia has been facing various challenges an efficient education system and the rapid expansion of the population in Ethiopia. As per the African standards, by 2050 the population of Ethiopia will be raised to 191 million and less than 15 years of age people more than 40%. Ethiopia is one of the faster-growing economies during the last decade about the fivefold raised i.e., from USD136 to USD 768. As per the World Bank, Ethiopia is one of the disadvantaged countries during the 20th century due to a lack of efficiency and shortage of teachers. This paper focuses on the recent trends in low-income country of Ethiopia primary, secondary, higher education, to investigate the expenditure incurred by the government influencing the growth of the economy and to give appropriate suggestions for the improvement of the education system in Ethiopia.
THE NEUROSCIENCE ASPECTS OF ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOUR AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Dr. Mahima Gupta Ms. Kamal Gulati Manwani,
Published: April 2021

Education is considered to be a tool for providing knowledge, building character and promising a comfortable lifeto its learners. To ensure desired learning outcomes, a lot is being done in the areas of developing better curriculum, making state of the art institutions, improving teacher quality, providing digital platforms, enhancing parental involvement etc. However, when it comes to designing Pedagogical Tools based on the learning patterns of the brain, there is seen a wide gap between what is researched in laboratories and what is witnessed in our classrooms. Pedagogical practices not based on an understanding of how a learner’s brain works and what are its needs can lead to undesired behavioural consequences in them. This becomes more pronounced as learners enter into adolescence, a period in development marked with rapid changes at mental, physical, emotional and psychological levels.

This paper looks into various researches that have been done in Cognitive Neuroscience and their educational implications on adolescent learners. It explores why educational practices must take into consideration the cognitive aspects of an adolescent’s brain like role of reward system, enhancing Working Memory, providing multisensory stimulus, using memory strategies, understanding learner behavior and needs etc. This paper concludes by providing insights on how learnings from these Neuroscience researches can address the issue of high risk behaviour tendencies and mental disorders amongst adolescent learners.
TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS OF UNIVERSITY TEACHER`S IN RELATION TO THEIR SENSE OF HUMOUR
Authors: Malik Dr. Umender
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between Teaching effectiveness and Sense of Humourof university teachers of Haryana state. The study was conducted on a sample of 200 University teachers from various universities situatedin Haryana state. Teacher effectiveness scale constructed by the investigator and Teacher`s Sense of humour scale by Malik and Kapoor were used to asses Teaching effectiveness and Sense of humour of university teachers. Causal comparative method of research and Random sampling technique was used in the study. The result indicated that teachers with high sense of humour were found to be more effective teachers than with average sense of humour and low sense of humour. The study further reveals that female teacher`s with high sense of humour had more teaching effectiveness as compared to female teachers with average sense of humour and low sense of humour whereas Male teachers with average sense of humour were found to be more effective teachers than male teachers with high sense of humour and low sense of humour. It also has been observed that there was positive correlation between Teaching effectiveness and Sense of Humour of University teacher`s. This was also supported by Sarita(2015) in her study on teaching effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their Sense of Humour. Malik (2017) in his study “A study of Teaching effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their sense of humour and socio-economic status” found a positive correlation of 0.199 between Teaching effectiveness and Sense of Humour.
A Study of Extent of Usage of Financial Inclusion Services in Punjab
Authors: Sarbjeet Kaur Dr. kanwaljit Kaur,
Published: April 2021

The study focused on evaluating the extent of usage of different financial services. The study area was three districts namely Jalandhar, Gurdaspur and Sangrur of Punjab. The study examined 500 respondents belonging to BPL sections. The Percentage and Chi-square was applied to derive the conclusions. The study established that usage was found very low along with frequency. The study recommended to enhance usage of these services with attractive products and alluring benefits after making them financially literate.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Yellow Birds: A Case-Study in the Light of Psychoanalytical Theories
Authors: Maysoon Shehadah Sunil Sagar,
Published: April 2021

This study is a case study of post-traumatic stress disorder, caused by war. It digs into the unconscious area of the soldiers’ minds and gives the findings according to psychoanalytical Theories. Though this study tackles characters in a novel which might be considered as fictional, these characters are sketched from real life as the soldier is an old veteran who has been fighting in the Iraqi war. The author, Kevin Powers depicts not only his sufferings in and after war, but he sheds light on the sufferings of his colleagues. The hero is diagnosed with PTSD upon his arrival to his homeland. The story is that of the soldier who has witnessed the horrors of wars and suffers terribly from it; he is the one who has felt the agony of grief and loss after witnessing the death and suicide of his friends due to melancholy. The psychoanalytical theories help elaborate on post-traumatic symptoms he suffers from. The protagonist is the mouthpiece of the writer who realizes the catastrophic aftermaths of war on both soldiers and civilians, psychologically speaking. The novel reveals the humanitarian side of the soldier who is forced to kill and make the audience sympathize with him.
A Study On The Effect Of Stress On Perception And Behavior Of Employees In A BPO Firm
Authors: Dr L. Vijayashree Ms. Shishira Srinivasa,
Published: April 2021

As with other services, ITES Becoming one of the highly competitive service sectors in India. BPO organisations have been facing greater challenges since the beginning of this decade in terms of technological revolution, diversification of services and international operation. Stress is an important part that workers cannot prevent as processes, procedures; technology is being complicated with the use of advanced technology. Each employee cannot cope with such rapid workplace changes. This will help to create tension among employees. Through this research paper, an effort has been made to understand why the BPO workers are stressful and how employees deal with job stress. The maximum number of BPO staff is found to remain under stress. Most workers strive to find ways to alleviate tension. Steps are also suggested in the paper to overcome tension that affects their physical and mental health.
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR: REVISITING THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES AND RELIGIOUS COMMITMENT AMONG YOUTH (A STUDY OF SOUTH PUNJAB PAKISTAN)
Authors: Et. al. Muhammad Umair Ashraf,
Published: April 2021

In times negative parenting practices are the main risk factor for antisocial aggressive behavior among youth, howeverin this context, there is dearth of research studies that investigates the influence of parenting styles and religious commitment among aggressive behavior of youth. Correspondingly, the purpose of this research to examine the influence of parenting styles and religious commitment on aggressive behavior among youth of south Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, a cross-sectional research was designed.A totalN=381 male and females’ students from three renowned public sector universities of south Punjab were targeted through multi-stage sampling technique. However, the validation of adapted scales has been analyzed by employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), however, structural equation modeling (SEM) method has been used for hypotheses testing. The findings showed that authoritative parenting styles has significant negative relationship with aggressive behavior, in contrast, permissive and authoritarian parenting style have significant positive relationship with aggressive behavior. Additionally, religious commitment has significant negative relationship with aggressive behavior.This study concluded that permissive and authoritarian parenting styles are the influential factor in the development of aggressive behavior, while religious commitment and authoritative parenting style are negatively influence on antisocial aggressive behavior
A STUDY ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL MARKETING
Authors: Et. al. Dr. Mrinal  Phalle,
Published: April 2021

Worldwide technology has changed a type of marketing techniques that embeds the company’s brand and product on digital platforms. Digital marketing has become important fulcrum for business organizations giving access to the mass market at an affordable price. The objective behind the present study is to analyze awareness level as well as challenges faced in digital marketing. The survey has been conduct at Mumbai city. Descriptive Study was conducted to analyses response of consumer towards digital marketing and factor analysis was carried out to identify major challenges of digital marketing. It is open from the present study that major challenges faced in digital marketing are lack of adequate skills and training to employees, technology , security and creative content for increasing awareness towards digital marketing. Further the study suggests that to ensure success of digital marketing staff should be well trained so that they have the right knowledge and expertise to handle new tools, platforms and trends as they change rapidly. Further to enhance the access of digital marketing in India more prominence needs to give on improving infrastructure facilities and awareness of the digital marketing as a cost-effective way of marketing.
AWARENESS & APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS FOR MANAGEMENT STUDENTS
Authors: Et. al. Dr. Kavita Khadse
Published: April 2021

With the Industry Revolution 4.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bound to have its contribution in almost all of the sectors. AI has been constantly contributing to improvements in ability and performance of the systems and the services, with many of the sectors already benefiting from AI. It has also made a noteworthy progress in education sector. The paper analyses awareness of AI tools introduced for voice assistance which are being used by a major population of management students. It checks if there is any variation in the awareness level of the students based on demographic classification. It also provides potential impact of AI with variation in the levels of awareness among management students. Paper provides a broad overview about the benefits of incorporating AI in Management Education Sector.
FOOD PATTERNS AND EATING HABITS AMONG CHILDREN DURING THE PANDEMIC: A PARENT’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Et. al. Dr. Vaishali Patil
Published: April 2021

The current pandemic of the novel COVID-19 lead to the nationwide lockdown for a relatively long period. The lockdown has led to changes among every individual at different level. Although children are less severely infected with mild infectious, they are still at risk. One of the major strategies for prevention of the spread of the disease was the ‘nationwide lockdown’ which was adopted by Government. One of the outcomes of the lockdown was disrupted schedules of many individuals. It also leads to irregularity and hindrance for ‘food access’ toindividuals which further affect the overall household. One such subgroup which have been affected are the children.With changes in their lifestyle and timetable there is indeed a change in their eating habits and food consumption. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 parents in Pune and Mumbai city. They described their experiences of children ranging 2 years up to 18 years. There were five major themes which emerged from the study: effect of pandemic on daily lifestyle, dietary changes at household level, eating patterns and food practices among children and lastly activities of children. In this paper viewpoints and experiences of parents on their children’s food eating habits and practices during COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
An Experimental Investigation of Premature Death of Sensor Node used in Io Tat Colder Environmental Conditions with Strategies to Mitigate the Same
Authors: Et. al. Dr. Satyanarayana Chanagala,
Published: April 2021

The Sensor Node Is A Vital Component Of Iot Technologies. The Main Objective Of This Paper Is To Study Theimpactofthesensorfieldenvironmentonthelifetimeofthebatteryofthesensornode.Specifically, Temperature, One Of The Environmental Parameters, Is Chosen For The Experimental Studies Undertaken In This Work. The Lifetime And The Power Consumed By The Sensor Node Are Analyzed At Different Temperatures. The Reasons For The Early Death Of The Battery Of The Sensor Node At Lower Temperatures Are Identified. Some Strategies Are Proposed To Overcome The Same. Experimental Results Have Shown The Life Of The Sensor Node Is 18% More When The Proposed Techniques Are Used.
La dinámica de las relaciones entre investigadores y profesionales con motivo de una investigación contractual
Authors: Guichard-Claudic Yvonne
Published: April 2021

El enfoque del artículo es principalmente metodológico. Pone una mirada reflexiva sobre las relaciones del sociólogo con los socios institucionales que solicitan su peritaje con motivo de un contrato de investigación. Se funda sobre una investigación llevada en 2009-2010 para el Consejo general de Finistère sobre la importancia de los servicios públicos en los recursos movilizadospor los padres en caso de dificultades educativas (386 cuestionarios a allegados, 30 entrevistas con madres y padres, 18 entrevistas con profesionales). Se trataba de recoger su experiencia, su punto de vista con el fin de mejorar su acompañamiento en caso de dificultades.
Etnicidade, subclasse e exclusão social: uma comunidade cigana em Oleiros-Vilaverde, noroeste de Portugal
Authors: Silva Manuel Carlos , Silva Susana
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo os autores, partindo de resultados de estudos, inquéritos, sondagens e de um pequeno estudo etnográfico realizado em Oleiros, concelho de Vila Verde, uma comunidade do noroeste de Portugal, constatam a persistência de preconceitos e discriminações por parte de portugueses não ciganos para com ciganos portugueses. Tais factos indiciam que Portugal, apesar de ser multicultural e ter registado alguns avanços em termos seculares na relação com a minoria cigana secularmente presente, perseguida, estigmatizada, tem ainda dificuldade em lidar com a diferença, convertendo esta em subalternização e tratamento discriminatório para com esta minoria.Depois de definir e equacionar os conceitos de etnicidade, subclasse e exclusão social, os autores consideram-nos pertinentes e aplicáveis às relações sociais entre maioria não cigana e minoria cigana, não obstante a relativa ambiguidade nomeadamente dos conceitos de subclasse e exclusão social. Perante as formas de exclusão social nas suas formas institucional e social e, eventualmente, a condescendência paternalista ou o multiculturalismo benigno, importa salientar a necessidade de contrapor um multiculturalismo crítico aliado a um combate às diversas formas de discriminação e racismo não só flagrante como subtil.
Blood urea nitrogen is associated with long-term all-cause mortality in stable angina pectoris patients: 8-year follow-up results
Authors: Çetin Mustafa , Erdoğan Turan , Özyıldız Ali Gökhan , Özer Savaş , Ayhan Ahmet Çağrı , Kırış Tuncay
Published: April 2021

Background    Elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicates renal dysfunction and is associated with increased mortality in cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the relationship between the BUN concentration measured at hospital admission and the long-term all-cause mortality in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP).Methods    The mortality rate of 344 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) in our clinic due to SAP was analyzed during a mean follow-up period of 8 yrs.Results    Age (p<0.001), male gender (p=0.020), waist circumference (p=0.007), body-mass index (p=0.002), fasting glucose (p=0.004), BUN (p<0.001), serum creatinine (Cr) (p<0.001), hemoglobin (p=0.015), triglyceride concentrations (p=0.033), and the Gensini score (p<0.001) were related to all-cause mortality as shown by univariate Cox regression analysis. Age (OR 1.056, 95 % CI 1.015–1.100, p=0.008), fasting glucose (OR 1.006, 95 % CI 1.001–1.011, p=0.018), BUN, (OR 1.077, 95 % CI 1.026–1.130, p=0.003), and the Gensini score (OR 2.269, 95 % CI 1.233–4.174, p=0.008) were significantly related with mortality as shown by multivariate Cox regression analysis. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis ofthe sensitivity and specificity of BUN and Cr for predicting mortality, the area under the curve values of BUN and Cr were 0.789 (p<0.001) and 0.652 (p=0.001), respectively. BUN had a stronger relationship with mortality than Cr. A concentration of BUN above 16.1 mg / dl had 90.1 % sensitivity and 60 % specificity for predicting mortality (OR=2.23).Conclusion    In patients who underwent CAG due to SAP, the BUN concentration was associated with all-cause mortality during a mean follow-up period of 8 yrs.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Performance Measures in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rodriguez-Ramos Miguel Alejandro
Published: April 2021

Objective    To assess performance measures of attention of STEMI in Coronary Intensive Care Unit in General Hospital Camilo Cienfuegos.Methods    Admitted patients with STEMI, from February-April 2020, were compared with patients from similar period from 2015–2019, and patients from January 2019 to January 2020. Primary endpoint were performance measures according to the 2017 AHA / ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with STEMI document, and secondary endpoint were all-cause in-hospital mortality and major acute coronary events.Results    Only 35 patients were admitted from February-April 2020. When comparing with similar periods from recent years, in-hospital death (8.3 % vs. 20 %; p=0.03), major complications (38.7 % vs. 57.1 %; p=0.03), and cardiogenic shock (6.9 % vs. 17.4 %; p=0.04) were significantly higher. When comparing with 2019 and January 2020, in-hospital death (9.6 %; p=0.04), and major complications (35.8 % p=0.03) were significantly higher in February-April 2020; however, there was no difference in prevalence of cardiogenic shock (8 %; p=0.12).Conclusion    COVID-19 pandemic had decreased prevalence of STEMI, as well as some performance measures of attention in this center.
Vertigo in association with gastro-esophageal reflux disease
Authors: Gupta Sucheta , Gupta Vinod , Gupta Akhil
Published: April 2021

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) is a condition which develops when the reflux of stomach contents cause troublesome symptoms. Symptoms of GERD are either esophageal: heartburn and regurgitation, or extra-esophageal: chronic cough, recurrent sinusitis, and globus sensation in the throat. One of the extra-esophageal manifestations of GERD is otitis media with effusion, very common among children. The aim of our study was to find the prevalence of GERD and Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) among patients with peripheral vertigo.

Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected patients attending outpatient department (OPD) of in community health center, Chenani for a period of one year from August 2018 to July 2019. Patients were selected without the pathology of central nervous system for the further analysis.  

Results: 85 (75.89%) patients had gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Tendency of GERD was found higher among females (54.12%). Positive H. pylorus was found for 21 patients (24.71%). 65 (74.71%) patients with vertigo positive had GERD. When acid refluxes into the upper GI system, it can affect the tubes that lead to the inner ear. When these tubes become irritated, swelling can occur, causing a loss of balance and common with GERD that occurs when lying down after a meal.

Conclusions: It present data confirms the hypothesis that one of the peripheral vertigo causes could be GERD, by way of a mechanism which may include reflux of gastric acids causing inflammation or local infection. The present study found a definite prevalence of GERD and H. Pylori among patients with peripheral vertigo.
REAL 5G: Uma alternativa para a renovação de licenças e para implementação de um mercado secundário de espectro radioelétrico no Brasil
Authors: Alarcón López Luis Guillermo , Cavazzoni Lima Rafael , Poveda Martin
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho discute alternativas para implementar as renovações de licenças e o mercado secundário de espectro radioelétrico no Brasil, com base na Lei 13.879/2019, em resposta aos desafios atuais enfrentados pelo setor de telecomunicações. O documento analisa algumas práticas internacionais e apresenta uma alternativa inovadora, o REAL 5G, a ser considerada pela Agencia Nacional de Telecomunicações (ANATEL).
Aging in Prison and the Social Mirror: Reflections and Insights on Care and Justice
Authors: Maschi Tina , Morgen Keith , Bullock Karen , Kaye Adriana , Hintenach Annette M.
Published: April 2021

In the era of COVID‐19, there is a growing awareness of what was once an “unseen problem” of the crisis of a rapidly growing population of the aged, sick, and dying who are behind lock and key. This article provides a global overview of the aging prison population as well as an in‐depth analysis of select and salient existing community and policy responses to justice‐involved older adults. Moving towards a more solution‐focused and visionary approach to imagine an ideal society that would address social determinants of health, justice disparities, and the current “aging in prison” crisis is discussed. Based on three decades of research, practice research, and wisdom, a global shift from a competition and conflict societal approach to a caring justice model is proposed. Select programs of promising global practices that governmental and non‐governmental organizations may use to guide their response to their populations that directly target the crisis of justice‐involved older people, their families, and communities are presented. A reflective analysis applied to the aging prison population has relevance for other global communities grappling with similar complex issues regarding societal ills, poor health and early mortality, homelessness, unemployment, community violence, natural and human‐made disaster, and mass incarceration of people of all ages.
The Revolution Was Televised: Reimagining the Islamic Revolution as a Primetime Performance
Authors: Greene Kevin
Published: April 2021

This paper addresses fundamental misunderstandings of the Islamic Revolutions in Iran in the 1970s. Considering contemporary ideological material and Western media coverage of these events from 1978 to the present, the revolution was the result of a number of social factors, not a monolithic event forwarded by extremists. Given the wide array of ideological factions, the revolution became inherently performative; this paper ponders the ways revolutionaries co‐opted westernized media and revolutionary mores to accomplish anti‐Western ends.
Legalizacja małżeństw zawartych w Cerkwi prawosławnej
Authors: Kędracka Malwina
Published: April 2021

Legalizacja małżeństw niegodziwie zawartych w Cerkwi prawosławnej jest nową procedurą, której może zostać poddane małżeństwo katolicko-prawosławne na forum Kościoła katolickiego. Wprowadzone Dekretem ogólnym KEP o przeprowadzaniu rozmów kanoniczno-duszpasterskich z narzeczonymi przed zawarciem małżeństwa rozwiązania w tej materii stanowią ulepszoną formę poprzednio obowiązującej regulacji. Procedura ta ma na celu zweryfikowanie post factum, czy nic nie stało na przeszkodzie do ważnego zawarcia małżeństwo oraz, w przypadku braku co do tego wątpliwości, odnotowanie faktu zawarcia małżeństwa w odpowiednich księgach parafialnych. Czynności te umożliwią prawidłowe ustalenie statusu kanonicznego katolika, a także mogą zapobiec poważnym naruszeniom prawa Bożego.
Nadzór i kontrola biskupa diecezjalnego nad administratorami danych w diecezji (analiza na podstawie przykładu parafii)
Authors: Kołodziejski Maciej
Published: April 2021

W rozważaniach dotyczących nadzoru i kontroli biskupa diecezjalnego nad administratorami danych w diecezji należy stwierdzić, iż posiada on określone środki prawne, aby w sposób skuteczny dbać o właściwą kulturę przetwarzania danych osobowych, zwłaszcza w strukturach parafii. Służą mu do tego narzędzia wizytacyjne oparte w przepisach Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego, jak również osoby do tego wyznaczone. W przypadku niewłaściwego przetwarzania danych przez parafię, biskup diecezjalny ma możliwość wszczęcia procedury usunięcia proboszcza, aby przeciwdziałać szkodzie wspólnoty parafialnej.
Obrona rodziny w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku
Authors: Mafa-Karliński Karol
Published: April 2021

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę rodziny w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. W kontekście ataków, jakich instytucja rodziny doświadcza w ostatnich miesiącach, zwrócono uwagę na podstawy teologiczne, które znalazły swoje odzwierciedlenie w prawie kościelnym. Pierwszym źródłem jest Biblia, która ukazuje człowieka stworzonego przez Boga, jako istotę wolną, która może dokonywać wyborów. Rodzina jest w Piśmie Świętym ukazana jako instytucja naturalna, bezpośrednio zamierzona przez Boga. Jezus umacnia rodzinę poprzez sakrament małżeństwa. Sobór Watykański II w wielu swoich dokumentach poruszył kwestię rodziny i wskazał, że ma ona bardzo istotne zadania w Kościele i świecie, m.in. misyjność rodziny i apostolat.

Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. zabezpiecza liczne prawa i przypomina o obowiązkach rodziny. Bazując na prawie naturalnym i Bożym Objawieniu, ustawodawca kościelny podkreślił prawo do wychowywania potomstwa zgodnie z wiarą oraz nałożył obowiązek kształtowania osobowości człowieka w duchu chrześcijańskim. Kodeks podkreśla, że rodzina ma prawo do uzyskiwania pomocy od duszpasterzy i innych instytucji wspierających rodzinę. Ponadto wskazuje na obowiązki i prawa rodziny do uczestniczenia w życiu i misji Kościoła.
Późne powołania kapłańskie w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku i partykularnym prawie polskim
Authors: Potocki Wojciech
Published: April 2021

W artykule zostały opisane późne powołania kapłańskie. Autor wskazał, jak to zagadnienie zostało przedstawione w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. oraz jak wygląda formacja dojrzałych kandydatów do kapłaństwa w partykularnym prawie polskim. W pierwszej części artykułu określono, czym jest powołanie oraz opisano powołanie pierwszych uczniów Jezusa. Mając na uwadze wzrost powołań osób niebędących w młodym wieku została również wskazana troska o kandydatów do kapłaństwa w wieku dojrzałym. Autor podkreślił, że szczególnie zobowiązani do opieki o takie osoby są biskup oraz kapłani. Mają oni dbać o ich odpowiednią formację oraz udzielać im odpowiedniej pomocy z uwzględnieniem indywidualnej sytuacji każdego z nich. W drugiej części artykułu została przedstawiona instytucja Ogólnopolskiego Seminarium dla Starszych Kandydatów do Święceń zwanego „Seminarium 35+”, które znajduje się w Łodzi. Autor opisał warunki przyjęcia do seminarium, strukturę organizacyjną oraz przebieg formacji seminaryjnej uwzględniając 4 płaszczyzny formacji: ludzką, duchową, intelektualną oraz pastoralną.
A Cross Sectional Study - Effect of Postural Changes on Choice Reaction Time with Reference to Body Mass Index in Medical Students
Authors: Gaule Anita , Bhattad Gourav , Sood Aditi
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Reaction time (RT) is a simple, non-invasive means of estimating sensorimotor coordination and monitoring performance of an individual. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on RT, suggests that underweight, overweight and obese have increased RT as compared to normal BMI individuals. We wanted to compare the effects of supine, sitting and standing postures on RT and determine the influence of BMI on the same. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was carried out over 2 months in the Department of Physiology on 60 medical students (30 males and 30 females). Visual and auditory choice reaction times of subjects were measured in supine, sitting and standing postures for green, red and yellow colours and high, medium and low frequency sounds. RESULTS In sitting posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and visual reaction time (VRT) while the correlation between auditory reaction time (ART) and BMI was weak negative but non-significant. In standing posture, non-significant and weak negative correlation was observed between BMI and VRT, also the correlation between ART and BMI was weak negative but not significant. In supine posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and ART while the correlation between VRT and BMI was weak negative but not significant. CONCLUSIONS When compared with normal BMI group, higher BMI subjects had longer visual as well as auditory reaction times. The difference was not found to be statistically significant though. A weak or moderate negative correlation between BMI and reaction time (r value < 0.4 in magnitude) was observed in three different postures. KEYWORDS Choice Reaction Time, Visual Reaction Time, Auditory Reaction Time, Posture, Body Mass Index
A Comparative Study on Functional Status of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve with or without Exploration of the Nerve during Thyroid Surgery in a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern India
Authors: Mandal Nabanita , Haldar Atish , Paul Ranjan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND From the last century to modern days, there has been a paradigm shift in the field of thyroid surgery. Initially what was a dreadful surgery with multi fold serious complications, now with the advent of modern surgical technique (bipolar to nerve monitoring & emerging use of microscope), and better knowledge of anatomy, it has become one of the most frequently performed surgeries worldwide with very few complications. In spite of all these, postoperative complications like recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is still mostly feared by surgeons and still is one of the most frequent complications. METHODS This was a prospective nonrandomised controlled trial conducted among 60 study participants in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, of a tertiary care centre in West Bengal from July 2016 to June 2018. In this study two different surgical techniques were applied in two patient groups. In one group subcapsular dissection of thyroid gland was done without exploration of recurrent laryngeal nerve course in neck; and in another group, the complete course of the aforesaid nerve in the neck was explored and preserved. The postoperative functional status of RLN was assessed by fibreoptic laryngoscopy immediately after recovery from anaesthesia and in postoperative follow ups. We wanted to compare the outcome (in terms of functional status of RLN) in these two groups. RESULTS 3 patients (10 % cases) of nerve palsy were seen among 30 patients of subcapsular dissection group, whereas only one case (3.3 %) of nerve palsy was seen amongst 30 cases of complete exploration of recurrent laryngeal nerve. CONCLUSIONS Thyroidectomy with meticulous exploration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was found to be a superior method as compared to the subcapsular dissection. KEYWORDS Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve, Subcapsular Dissection, Complete Exploration, Thyroidectomy
Macro-Microscopic Characteristics of the Glands of the Hepatic Ducts in Postnatal Human Ontogenesis
Authors: Klochkova S. V. , Allakhverdiev M. K. , Alexeeva N. T. , Kvaratskhelia A. G. , Fetisov S. O. , Nikityuk D. B.
Published: April 2021

The aim was to study the macro-microanatomy and morphometric characteristics of the glands of the right, left and common hepatic ducts in people of different ages under conditions of relative norm.Material and methods. The experimental material included a complex consisting of the left, right and common hepatic ducts obtained from the corpses of 126 persons of different age groups who died from causes not related to the pathology of the digestive system. The glands of the hepatic ducts were selectively stained with methylene blue according to R.D. Sinelnikov, followed by fixation in a saturated solution of ammonium picric acid. The macroscopic structure and microstructure of gels were studied using an MBS-9 stereomicroscope. The analysis included the percentage of glands with different numbers of initial divisions. The studied morphometric parameters included the total number of glands, the length and width of their initial part. Methods of parametric statistics based on the Statistica 6.0 software were used for statistical data processing. Statistical data processing included the calculation of the arithmetic mean indicators, their errors, the analysis of the amplitude of the variation series of each indicator was carried out.Results. According to the results of the study, the number of glands in the walls of the common hepatic duct during postnatal ontogenesis was 1.30–1.84 times higher (p<0.05) compared to the right hepatic duct and 1.39–2.13 times higher (p<0.05) than the same indicator in the walls of the left hepatic duct. There was also a tendency according to which the size of the initial section of the glands of the common hepatic duct was larger than that of the right and left hepatic ducts. The minimum and maximum individual values of the total number of glands, the length and width of the initial section in the walls of the common hepatic duct were also higher in comparison with the analogous parameters of the right and left hepatic ducts.Conclusion. Age-related, regional and individual characteristics of the number and size of the glands of the hepatic ducts have been revealed; variants of the shape of the glands in different age periods have been determined, which is important not only for the development of a new scientific direction – morphological exocrinology, but also for gastroenterology, surgery of the extrahepatic biliary tract.
Neoangiogenesis in the Econiche of Opisthorchis Felineus After Partial Hepatectomy Accompanied by Superinvasive Opisthorchiasis
Authors: Lazarev S. D. , Bychkov V. G. , Vikhareva L. V. , Orlov S. A. , Uruzbaev R. M. , Zharkov N. V.
Published: April 2021

Research goal: revealing the liver vessels formation mechanisms after partial hepatectomy accompanied by superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO).Material and methods. The study was carried out on Syrian hamsters, weighing 98.0–110.0 g, mature animals of both genders. The animals were divided into three groups. Group I (n=168): a model of SO. Group II (n=40): partial liver resection in healthy animals. Group III (n=86): partial hepatectomy accompanied by SO. The histological specimens were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin by the methods of Van Gieson, Slinchenko, V.V. Kupriyanov. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using primary antibodies to CD31, CD34, CD117, Oct4, and α-fetoprotein. The results were statistically processed, the differences were considered significant at p<0.05.Results. In animals of group I accompanied by SO, proliferation of progenitor cells (CD31+, CD34+, CD117+, Oct4+) was observed in the portal tracts and perivascular space with the development of vascular formations, cholangiocellular and hepatocellular differnеntiations. Liver regeneration in healthy hamsters during 1– 3 days consisted in an active reaction of mitotic and amitotic division of hepatocytes with the development of avascular islets. In the subsequent periods (the 7th day), the cells of preexisting vascular structures (sinusoids, capillaries) multiplied. After partial hepatectomy accompanied by SO (group III), there was an intensive proliferation of stem and progenitor cells with differentiation into endothelial cells, elements of cholangio- and hepatocellular differnеntiations; endotheliocytes and capillary pericytes multiplied.Conclusion. Neoangiogenesis during regeneration after partial hepatectomy in healthy animals is implemented like angiogenesis; in case of partial liver resection accompanied by SO, it is followed by the vessels formation mainly from progenitor cells (vasculogenesis), advancing the development of elements of cholangio- and hepatocellular differnеntiations.
Determining the pile bearing capacity use of pda test results and neural networks
Authors: Jahrom Saeed Ghaffarpour , Sharafuddin Mohammad
Published: April 2021

The dynamic loading or PDA test is one of the on-site experiments to estimate the bearing capacity of a pile. This test is based on the wave-propagation theory and can provide a good estimate of the bearing capacity of a pile as well as an assessment of the health of the pile. In this research, using the results of 100 dynamic loading tests carried out with different piles and projects, three types of artificial neural network (ANN) have been used to estimate the load. Initially, the perceptron multi-layer neural network was one of the most used neural networks. Subsequently, the neuro-fuzzy network is used in a combination of neuro-fuzzy networks and, at the end of the radial-based neural network, a successful network was used for non-linear problems. Between the different models of the neural network used by researchers, the multi-layered perceptron network has a better performance. However, other networks used have also proven successful. Finally, different models of the neural networks were compared and the network that has the best performance was identified in both phases. The models based on neural networks, unlike conventional behavioral models, do not explain how the input parameters affect the output. In this research, by analyzing the sensitivity to the optimal structure of the introduced models in each step, we have tried to partly answer this question. Also, the extraction and presentation of the relations governing a neural network model to the user is more reliable in the use of such models, which facilitates the application of such models in engineering works. In this research, four first indicators were used to evaluate and compare the models and structures.
Effects of grain shape on the standard penetration test and particle packing
Authors: Basari Ender , Ozden Gurkan
Published: April 2021

Coarse soils can contain flaky grains in addition to rounded or angular grains, along with a varying fines content. Depending on the regional geology, however, the mica grain content can be remarkable, reaching 30 % or higher. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that mica grains would affect the soil behaviour. In this study, soils of a delta deposit that are known to involve mica grains were examined. The river sand was considered as the host material and the mica grain contents were determined by means of the flotation technique. A correlation between the mica content as found using the flotation technique and XRD count numbers obtained using an X-ray diffraction test method for each soil sample was established. The standard penetration test (SPT) blow counts from various boreholes were interpreted from the mica content’s influence point of view. The results showed that the mica grains would reduce the SPT resistance at certain fines-content, host-sand, mica-grain combinations. The reduction in the SPT resistance as a result of the presence of mica grains might reach eight units at depths close to the ground surface. This influence is expressed by means of a dimensionless parameter (MCef); however, it diminished with an increasing effective stress and fines content. The findings of the present study show that the influence of particle shape on the overall soil behaviour deserves further study.
Why Become a PE Teacher? – Motivation, Self-Concept and Implications for Teacher Education
Authors: Zoglowek Herbert
Published: April 2021

Career choice can be seen as a complex decision-making process. Individual interests and goals, subjective assessment of abilities, as well as external requirements and circumstances play important roles. The PE teacher profession is often seen as a fun profession, without special requirements or burdens – an opportunity to turn a hobby into a profession. PE teacher candidates are confronted with the question of why they want to become PE teachers. The results of the survey highlight the importance of “biographical competence”, which must be seen as an important argument for increased attention to the development of the professional self in the PE teacher training program.
Teacher Self-Assessment of their Science and Technics Competences and Professional Development
Authors: Blanuša Trošelj Danijela , Peić Papak Petra , Zuljan Darjo
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the authors present the results of an empirical study that formed part of the broader research project, "Culture of Educational Institution as a Factor in Co-Construction of Knowledge," at the University of Rijeka. The research was conducted on a sample of 317 elementary class teachers from Croatia and Slovenia. The authors sought to establish how class teachers assess their professionalism in practice; whether they show statistically significant differences in assessing their professionalism and professional development in practice at different stages of their careers.
Teachers’ Knowledge Regarding Children’s Health at the Elementary School Level
Authors: Sadaf Naila , Huma Afshan
Published: April 2021

This article is based on one of the research questions in a larger study that aimed to assess the impact of the school health program at elementary schools in Punjab, Pakistan. It explores whether the school health program was helpful in enhancing teachers’ knowledge regarding major health issues among school children - anaemia, iron deficiency, malnutrition, asthma and breathing problems, and seasonal illness. The study revealed some significant findings, which are discussed with reference to the previous literature; conclusions are reached and recommendations given to improve teachers’ knowledge and skills for improving school health.
Odpowiedzialność prospektowa firmy inwestycyjnej z tytułu obowiązkowego pośrednictwa na rynku kapitałowym wobec nabywców papierów wartościowych w Polsce i Niemczech w świetle ustaw szczegółowych oraz ogólnej odpowiedzialności cywilnoprawnej
Authors: Mijal Piotr
Published: April 2021

W artykule zostają przedstawione sytuacje, w których występuje obowiązkowe pośrednictwo firm inwestycyjnych na rynku kapitałowym związane z dokonywaniem oferty publicznej. Autor analizuje możliwość ponoszenia odpowiedzialności cywilnoprawnej przez firmy inwestycyjne w przypadku wadliwości prospektu emisyjnego, zarówno na podstawie ustawy o ofercie publicznej, jak i Kodeksu cywilnego, inspirując rozważania rozwiązaniami przewidzianymi w niemieckim porządku prawnym.
Ochrona interesów uczestników funduszy inwestycyjnych w kontekście zjawiska ukrytego indeksowania
Authors: Miziołek Tomasz
Published: April 2021

Ukryte indeksowanie jest praktyką stosowaną przez firmy asset management polegającą na dość pasywnym zarządzaniu portfelem przez fundusze deklarujące aktywne podejście do zarządzania, przy równoczesnym pobieraniu relatywnie wysokiej opłaty za zarządzanie, nieadekwatnej do wykazywanego zaangażowania. Jak pokazują wyniki badań prowadzonych przez krajowe organy nadzoru, niezależne firmy analityczne, a także Europejski Urząd Nadzoru Giełd i Papierów Wartościowych, ukryte indeksowanie występuje – z różną intensywnością – w wielu europejskich krajach i naraża inwestorów na poważne straty.
Etyczny doradca, czyli jaki?
Authors: Świeszczak Marika , Świeszczak Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

Problem etyki jest szczególnie istotny dla banków – na zasadach moralnych opierają swoje działanie, relacje z klientami, a także inne obszary funkcjonowania, jak choćby politykę wypłat dywidend, misję instytucji, obowiązki pracowników itp. Powstaje zatem pytanie, czy banki mogą sobie pozwolić na odstąpienie od tych reguł dla uzyskania korzyści (chociażby jednorazowych)? Doradca, jako pierwsze ogniwo, jest szczególnie istotny w kontekście budowania polityki etycznej i wdrażania wartości etycznych. Sposób postrzegania pracowników wpływa na wizerunek banku i jego reputację, dlatego też tak niezbędne jest, aby konsumenci odbierali ich jako działających zgodnie z zasadami etyki.

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja pracy doradcy bankowego z perspektywy zasad etycznych, a także przedstawienie wyników badania pilotażowego dotyczącego rozumienia pojęcia etyczny i doradca etyczny oraz skojarzeń z terminem bank.
Estrategias para la prevención y mitigación del proceso de desertificación. Estudio en la cuenca media del río Chicamocha, Colombia
Authors: Lesmes Parra Maria Camila , Morera González Stefany , Salamanca García José Alejandro
Published: April 2021

La insuficiencia de instrumentos orientados a la prevención y la mitigación del proceso de desertificación es uno de los factores que incide en la agudización de esta problemática ambiental presente en el noreste del departamento de Boyacá, en la cuenca media del río Chicamocha. Con base en lo anterior, se proponen algunas estrategias que contribuyen al manejo de dicho proceso, considerando elementos biofísicos, socioeconómicos y político-institucionales de la cuenca que apuntan a la consolidación de una herramienta para la toma de decisiones al respecto. El desarrollo del estudio se sintetiza en tres etapas: 1) identificación de las posibles estrategias para prevenir y mitigar la desertificación, 2) representación y distribución espacial de las y 3) evaluación teórico-práctica de las estrategias. Como resultado se definieron cuatro estrategias que abarcaron los sistemas y las prácticas de producción sostenible, los esquemas de pago por servicios ambientales, los sistemas de monitoreo y alerta temprana, y las figuras reglamentarias enfocadas en la declaración de áreas protegidas. Las condiciones biofísicas de la cuenca brindan varias alternativas para la localización de las estrategias, en las cuales son determinantes el uso y el tipo de cobertura del suelo y los marcos nacionales respectivos; sin embargo, las condiciones socioeconómicas se constituyeron en una posible limitante para su implementación. Finalmente, la mayoría de las estrategias están incluidas en los instrumentos de planeación regionales, lo que representa un punto de partida para su eventual ejecución.