bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actual problems of «recognition» as a main factor of state creation
Authors: Akulenko D. Yu.
Published: December 2022

The article highlights the legal gaps of “recognition” of the state, the existing mechanism, which is based on customary international law and is not uniform and universal.

In the context of a multi-year war on different fronts against the Russian Federation, the issues of formation of states and their “recognition” become all over the world, since the political will of the internal elites and support of the population does not play such a significant role in these processes as the position of the world leaders, who are still on our side, although it was not always and it will not always be.

In the article it was given a definition of the concept of «state creation» – it is a phenomenon that domestic scientists have used to consider in narrow and broad meaning.

It should be emphasized separately that the importance of the issue is also conditioned by the fact that certain so-called people’s republics have already received their legal “recognition”, however, only from a narrow circle of undeveloped countries with manual control from Russian side, in addition, the world’s trends toward globalization and the search for real or imaginary, uttered strata of society can hide the bowls of terrorists not in favor of a unitary Ukraine.

International norms have been studied, such as the Statute of the Organization of American States, the views of prominent domestic scientists. In particular, it is pointed out at certain contradictions of the “recognition” of the party in a war, which also “non-recognition” of the states and governments that conduct aggressive policy. The evolution of international customs regarding recognition theory was also highlighted as a result of the liberalization of the world and of the sympathy of small peoples and nationalities without a state.

The possible future problem of recognition of so-called puppet republics on the territory of Ukraine against the background of military aggression of the Russian Federation is analyzed. Special attention is paid to finding solutions to key problems that make it impossible to have a single recognition approach, and thus can put international actors in an unequal legal position before each other. Special attention was paid to current situation when only political will partly forms the rules of the game and the attitude of the international establishment to one or another state, and the law is inferior to the regulator of public relations to the interests of a certain number of people. Clear ways to overcome obstacles that hinder the effective functioning of the recognition institute have been identified.

Steps have been proposed that may partially neutralize the shortcomings of the current situation. The historical parallels, which testify to the incongruence of the Institute of Recognition, its stagnation and its diligence, are given.

Key words: a recognition, a state-building, a quasi-state, an international legal capacity, an international custom, a policy of aggression
Judicial self-government in Ukraine (in the context of European standards)
Authors: Serdynskiy V. S.
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the issue of proper functioning of judicial self-government, its important role in protecting the independence of the judiciary and the professional interests of judges is not in doubt today. In this article, the author analyzed the organizational forms of judicial self-government in Ukraine, in accordance with the current legislation of our country. At the same time, the article pays special attention to the recommendations of the Advisory Council of European Judges, which analyzed the organization and empowerment of judicial councils in various European countries. It also provided its recommendations on the composition of such councils of judges, as well as an approximate list of powers that should be given to such councils.

The article draws attention to the existence of associations of judges, which also stand for the protection of the professional interests of judges and the protection of the independence of the judiciary.

The author concludes that the national legislation on judicial self-government is sufficiently in line with European standards on this issue, but warned that in case of legislative changes, or improvement of this institution, care should be taken of legislative and practical reform of the judiciary. The introduction of inconsistent legislative changes is otherwise detrimental to the judiciary and its perception by civil society.

Key words: Judicial Council, Judicial Self-Government, Independence of Judges.
The concept of transitional justice: genesis and features
Authors: Teplytska N. V.
Published: December 2022

Transitional justice is a set of measures related to systemic or large-scale human rights violations designed to compensate victims of violations and to facilitate or facilitate the transformation of political systems, conflicts and other conditions that may be the cause of violations. Different methods and components of transitional justice usually combine restorative justice measures (truth and reconciliation commissions) and a parallel system of punitive justice (mainly for those most responsible for the most serious crimes and their direct perpetrators).

In addition, transitional justice measures are aimed at reforming society’s institutions by restoring the rule of law and ensuring the functioning of the judiciary in the long run. At the same time, their goal is to ensure that crimes committed during the previous period do not go unpunished.

Transitional justice is based on the responsibility and compensation of victims. It recognizes their dignity as citizens and as human beings. Ignoring mass abuses is a simple way out, but it destroys the values on which any decent society can be built. Transitional justice raises the most difficult questions of law and policy imaginable. Putting victims and their dignity first signals the path to new commitments to ensure the safety of ordinary citizens in their own countries - from abuse of power and effectively protected from harm by others.

The historical development of transitional justice is nonlinear, and its conceptual definitions are descriptive and inexhaustible. In this context, countries in conflict or already in conflict have the opportunity to choose the most appropriate measures and mechanisms to achieve the ultimate goal of transitional justice in that country - justice for victims of conflict and the restoration of peaceful life. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that transitional justice cannot be the embodiment of the justice of the victors, so the parties to the conflict must participate in the national dialogue, and the winners and losers must be held accountable.

First of all, it should be noted that transitional justice is only one of the approaches that can be used to build peace, along with the deployment of peacekeeping peacekeeping forces and other measures. It is the combination of these measures that will guarantee the long-term restoration of peace and non-return to the conflict. In addition, such measures may take place with the involvement of various actors, such as: the actual state in which the conflict took place (or is taking place); the international community or both.

Key words: human rights and freedoms, transitional justice, armed conflict, post-conflict period.
Interstate investment legal treatment as a factor of investment attractiveness
Authors: Cherepovskyi K. V.
Published: December 2022

The theses are devoted to one of the key components of international investment agreements – investment legal treatment, since an even fluent analysis of international investment arbitrations with participation of states and subjects of economic activity with investments from abroad delivers understanding that standards and guarantees of investment legal treatments have fundamental character at least for the mentioned legal practices. Kind of argument for this could be found in a position of agreed provisions of investment treatments at bilateral investment treaties, which usually follows introduction norms for investment permitting and admitting, being set from the very beginning of such treaties. But, is this fundamental character of investment legal treatments being remained in other important rules of international investment implementation? Scientific questions about corresponding dualism are likely the key at these theses, because the concept of investment legal treatment is quite deeply studied in the framework of international law and general law theories, but leaves a number of insufficiently disclosed scientific and practical issues regarding the specifics of this concept in certain branches, including international investment law in the first place. The analysis defines main practical problems of international investment law, including the legal protection of international investment and the delimitation of actions of states that constitute expropriation or the measures taken by states under the right to regulate within public interest. Separate researching attention also paid to legal interaction between the concepts of the investment legal treatment as legal instrument of an international lawyer, and the state guarantees for the protection of foreign investment – as remedy and element of specialist in domestic law practices. Provided research significates investment legal treatment importance as a factor of local investment attractiveness, it also outlines importance of development of state guarantees for protection of foreign investments by delivering progressive European approaches as the examples, focusing on effective balance reaching within the corresponding regulation. Scientific and practical conclusions on the most important legal sources in the field of international investment activities are made, the direction for the next stage of researching work is preoutlined.

Key words: international investment law, international investments, investment legal treatment, bilateral investment treaties, international investment arbitration, state guarantees for the protection of foreign investments.
Kitle kaynaklı insansız hava aracı verileri kullanılarak ahşap eserlerin 3B modellenmesi: Truva Atı örneği
Authors: USLU Ahmet , UYSAL Murat
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde mobil cihazların, sosyal medya platformlarının ve web tabanlı uygulamaların yaygın kullanımı, kitle kaynak kullanımı adı verilen yeni bir inovasyon paradigmasını mümkün kılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan bu model, geniş bir araştırma yelpazesinde verilerin toplanması ve paylaşılması bakımından yenilikçi bir araç haline gelmiştir. Sosyal medya platformlarında herkese açık olarak paylaşılan fotoğraflar ve videolar, nesnelerin üç boyutlu (3B) gerçekliğe dayalı dijital modellerini oluşturmak için zaman ve maliyet açısından etkin bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Youtube platformundan ücretsiz olarak elde edilen İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) verileri ve Hareket ile Nesne Oluşturma (SfM) tekniği kullanılarak Truva Atı’nın 3B modellenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, kitle kaynaklı İHA verileri kullanılarak ahşap eserlerin 3B modellenmesi alanında çalışmalar gerçekleştiren araştırmacılara ulaşmayı hedeflemekte, ahşap eserlerin korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması için referans oluşturabilecek yenilikçi bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, ahşap eserlerin 3B modellenmesinde kitle kaynaklı İHA verilerinin, veri kaynağı olarak uygunluğunu göstermiştir. Gelecekte, kitle kaynak kullanımının yaygınlaşması ve görüntü kalitesinin daha yüksek çözünürlüklü hale gelmesi, bu tür araştırmalara artan bir ivme kazandıracak ve yeni araştırmaların önünü açacaktır.
The Influence of Dividend Policy and Debt Policy on Company Value at PT Arwana Citramulia Tbk Period 2010-2019
Authors: Nur'aidawati Siti , Nurmasari Ifa
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of dividend policy and debt policy on firm value. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method. The population in this study is the financial statements of PT Arwana Citramulia Tbk  in 2010-2019. The samples in this study are financial statements, income statements notes to financial statements, and stock price reports. The results of the study show that dividend policy has a significant effect on firm value where the value of t count |-2.453| > t table 2.365 and sig value 0.044 < 0.05 and debt policy affects the firm value where the value of t count |-3.821| > t table 2.36462 and sig value 0.007 < 0.05. Meanwhile, simultaneously dividend policy and debt policy have a significant effect on firm value with a value of F count 7.967> F table 4.74 with a sig value of 0.016 <0.05. an adjusted R Square value of 60.8% means that the value of the company is influenced by the independent variable and the remaining 39.2% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Management of Bank Sahabat Sampoerna Branch Kelapa Gading
Authors: Basudani Wahid Akbar , Simamora Valentine Theresia , Wiharso Gani , Abdullah Muhammad , Mulyadi Hary
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of service quality, customer motivation and customer behavior on customer satisfaction with customer complaints as moderation and its impact on customer loyalty at Bank Sabahat Sampoerna Branch Kelapa Gading This study uses the SEM method with the Smart-PLS application. The number of samples in this study amounted to 52 with the sampling technique of accidental sampling which is included in the type of non-probability sampling where the object in this study is the customer who uses credit facilities at Bank Sahabat Sampoerna Branch Kelapa Gading. The results of this study obtained the endogenous variable Customer Satisfaction (Y) of 0.98 and Customer Loyalty (Z) of 0.97. This indicates that the endogenous latent variable Customer Satisfaction (Y) is strongly influenced by the exogenous variables of Service Quality (X1), Customer Motivation (X2) and Customer Behavior (X3). Meanwhile, the endogenous latent variable of Customer Loyalty (Z) is strongly influenced by 0.97 by the exogenous variables of Service Quality (X1), Customer Motivation (X2) and Customer Behavior (X3) through the mediating variable of Customer Satisfaction (Y).
Determinants of Profit Growth Based on Financial Ratios at PT Ace Hardware Tbk
Authors: Putranto Ivan , Eliyani Citra
Published: December 2022

This purpose of the study was to determine the effect of current ratio (CR), Debt to equity ratio (DER), Return on Equity (ROE), Total Asset Turn Over (TATO) on provit growth at PT Ace Hardware Tbk for 2010-2021 period by partially or simultaneously. The method used in this study is a descriptive method using a quantitative approach. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of financial statements at PT Ace Hardware Tbk for 2010-2021 period. Data processing by used SPSS version 25 program. Data analysis used classical asumption test, linier regression test, hypothesis test by T test and F test, and determination test. Based on the results of the classical assumption test, the data is normally distributed, there is no multicollinearity problem, there is no heteroscedasticity problem and free from autocorrelation. Partially, the current ratio variable has no effect on profit growth (0,223>0,05). Debt to equity ratio has an effect on profit growth (0,014<0,05), return on equity has no effect on profit growth (0,141>0,05). Total assets turn over has no effect on profit growth (0,353> 0,05). Simultaneously, the variables current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on equity, and total assets turnover have an effect on profit growth of 0,021<0,05. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained from results of this study was 77,2% while the remaining 22,8% was influenced by other variables have not researched.
Evaluation of Ecosystem Services and Mangrove Management Based on the Blue Economy Approach of Untung Jawa Island
Authors: Sujiwo Aryo Sahid , Nurlaili Nurlaili
Published: December 2022

Mangrove forests have a very important role for people's lives, especially for people who live in coastal areas, both from environmental, economic and social aspects. However, the economic potential of the ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests has not been comprehensively calculated. As a result, the economic potential of mangrove forests in an area is often calculated to be lower than the actual economic potential. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the total economic potential of mangrove forest ecosystem services. The economic valuation method of ecosystem services used in this study is the Total Economic Value method, including the economic value of providing services, regulatory services, cultural services, and supporting services. The location of this research is on Untung Jawa Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta Province, while the research time is from July to September 2022. The data used in determining the economic value in this study are primary data and secondary data. The results of the analysis show that the total economic value of the provision of services is around IDR 607 million per year, support services around IDR 15 million per year, cultural services around IDR 1.3 billion per year, and regulatory services around IDR 34 billion per year. The findings of this study have implications that the government and related stakeholders are required to provide more intensive education to the public about the importance of sustainable management of mangrove forests for the development of a blue economy on the island.
Clinical and functional parallels in assessing vision quality in patients with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic angioretinopathy
Authors: Kovalevskaya M. A. , Zhang Hong , Pererva O. A. , Kartamyshev E. G.
Published: December 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic angioretinopathy (DARP) are leading cause of vision loss, irreversible blindness and human disability.

Purpose: to find clinical and functional parallels between the assessment of visual acuity in patients with AMD and DARP for determining of treatment method.

Material and methods. The study included the results of examination of patients with DARP and AMD in the period 2018–2021. Group 1 (DARP) consisted of 70 patients (140 eyes): 1A subgroup with non-proliferative form – 45 patients (45 eyes), 1B subgroup with preproliferative one – 36 patients (36 eyes), 1B subgroup with proliferative one – 59 patients (59 eyes). Group 2 (AMD) consisted of 64 patients (109 eyes): 2A subgroup with dry form – 34 patients (67 eyes) and 2B subgroup with wet one – 30 patients (42 eyes); control group – 32 patients (64 eyes). The data of computed perimetry (MD, PSD), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, visual far acuity test with using the modified ETDRS table with Russian optotypes were analyzed. Fractal analysis of retinal vascular networks (Df1 OCT-angio, Df2 fundus) was performed.

Results. Correlation analysis showed the relationship between Df1 and visual acuity, estimated by the number of ETDRS letters (r = –0.3) for DARP. The acuity of vision in AMD also directly correlates with the MD (r = 0.5) and PSD (r = –0.43) indexes. Df1 differed in 1A and 1Б groups (p = 0.02), as well as 1A and 1B (p = 0.004). Correlation of DARP stages with Df1 (p = –0.6) and Df2 (p = 0.6) was revealed.

Conclusion. The acuity of vision assessed using a modified ETDRS table with Russian optotypes, MD and PSD, Df of vasculature in DARP and MNV in AMD are the criteria in a comprehensive assessment for determining treatment.
Meibography in meibomian gland dysfunction with digital biomicroscopy
Authors: Zenkova E. S.
Published: December 2022

Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common conditions encountered by ophthalmologists in their practice. Currently, experts consider meibomian gland dysfunction to be the leading cause of dry eye syndrome. This condition is characterized by obstruction of meibomian gland discharge ducts and/or changes in their glandular secretion, which leads to disturbance of tear film stability and provokes inflammatory process of ocular surface.

The purpose of this publication is to acquaint ophthalmologists and optometrists with the procedure of meibography, a diagnostic method that allows a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the meibomian glands and to determine the degree of their dysfunction.

The first part of the workshop presents the anatomical aspects of the normal structure of the meibomian glands and their dysfunction. The second part describes the technique for diagnosing meibomian gland dysfunction. The third part presents the meibography algorithm and its interpretation.
Новое в законодательстве
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2022

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Pemasangan LED Neon Flex pada Vertical Garden di Cluster SPI Kota Malang
Authors: Mudjiono  , Muhammad Fahmi Hakim  , Imron Ridzki  , Bakti Indra Kurniawan
Published: December 2022

Pemasangan LED Neon Flex pada taman Vertical Garden perumahan Cluster SPI RT.10 RW.07 Kelurahan Bandungrejosari Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang didasari dengan tidak adanya lampu penerangan yang terdapat pada taman Cluster Sukun Pondok Indah (SPI) sehingga keindahan dari taman yang ada di Vertical Garden tidak terlihat. Dengan adanya pemasangan LED Neon Flex diharapkan taman yang ada di Vertical Garden Cluster Sukun Pondok Indah terlihat bagus sehingga tamu ataupun masyarakat merasakan atau melihat keindahan dari Vertical Garden yang ada di perumahan. Kemudian masyarakat bisa melihat ketika pemasangan instalasi lampu LED Neon Flex, harapannya masyarakat bisa memasang instalasi lampu LED Neon Flex dirumah masing – masing dengan benar dan sesuai dengan standar. Manfaat yang dirasakan masyarakat sekitar menjadi lebih nyaman dengan adanya lampu LED neon flex bertulisan “vertical garden”, begitupun juga dengan tamu yang masuk ke wilayah tersebut. Taman vertical garden terlihat lebih bagus dari sebelumnya, dengan dilengkapi dengan 2 warna LED yaitu warna hijau untuk tulisan vertical dan warna merah muda untuk tulisan garden Selain itu juga di tambahkan hiasan gambar bunga dengan warna LED hijau untuk mempercantik tulisan vertical garden, bunga tersebut yaitu monstera yang sedang viral saat ini.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Authors: Ernidayati Ernidayati , Irianto Sugeng Eko , Noviansyah Noviansyah , Budiati Endang , Karyus Aila
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting di Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian Crossectional. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Kabupaten Lampung Selatan pada bulan Mei-Juli 2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Balita berjumlah 1459 orang dengan jumlah sampel  adalah 181 orang diambil secara simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan menunjukkan bahwa dari 181 responden dengan tidak mengalami stunting sebanyak 68,0%, responden dengan status gizi ibu saat hamil baik sebanyak 84,5%, responden dengan jumlah anggota rumah tangga ≥ 4 orang sebanyak 76,8%, responden dengan pemberian tidak ASI eksklusif sebanyak 64,1%, responden dengan riwayat penyakit infeksi tidak ada riwayat sebanyak 69,1%, dan responden dengan tahan pangan sebanyak 75,1%. Variable yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting di Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Lampung Selatan adalah status gizi saat ibu hamil (p = 0,000), riwayat penyakit infeksi (p = 0,000), ASI Eksklusif (p = 0,012), dan ketahanan pangan (p = 0,003). Variable dengan OR tertinggi adalah status gizi saat ibu hamil yaitu 12,509
Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Ketepatan Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Pada Balita Di Kelurahan Bugi Kecamatan Sorawolio Kota Baubau
Authors: Suwartin  , Dahmar  , Fitriani
Published: December 2022

Pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi di Kelurahan Bugi masih sangat rendah. Hal ini dikarenakan ibu takut anaknya diimunisasi dan melupakan jadwal imunisasi bayinya. Ketepatan pemberian imunisasi pada bayi merupakan disiplin waktu dalam kunjungan imunisasi sesuai jadwal dan umur bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada balita di Kelurahan Bugi Kecamatan Sorawolio Kota Baubau. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan menggunakan total sampling yang berjumlah 99 ibu. Hasil uji chi-square dengan batas kemaknaan (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (p = 0,000), sikap (p = 0,027), dukungan keluarga (p = 0,000) dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada balita. Tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan (p = 0,764), pekerjaan (p = 0,958), dukungan petugas kesehatan (p = 0,718), dan keterjamgkauan ke tempat pelayanan kesehatan (p = 0,226) dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada balita. Kesimpulan yaitu terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan dukungan keluaraga dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada balita. Tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan, pekerjaan, dukungan petugas kesehatan, dan keterjangkauan ke tempat pelayanan kesehatan dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada balita.
Pengaruh Bentuk Serbuk Terhadap Daya Terima Teh Kulit Melinjo Warna Merah
Authors: Bohari Bohari , Ansori Muhammad , Sartika Rakhmi Setyani
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh bentuk serbuk dan berat sampel teh kulit melinjo warna merah terhadap daya terima teh melinjo. Jenis penelitian yaitu eksperimen. Adapun formula dari variabel penelitian ini terdiri atas kelompok uji formula (menggunakan 3 jenis serbuk kulit buah melinjo (gnetum gnemon) warna merah dengan variasi berat sampel per sachet. Uji hedonik dilakukan terhadap 40 orang panelis semi terlatih menggunakan metode skala garis dengan skala 1 sampai 7 (sangat tidak suka sampai dengan amat sangat suka). Data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS dengan uji statistic Uji One Way Anova dengan tingkat signifikan p < 0,05. Uji rating hedonik dilakukan untuk mendapatkan formula minuman teh melinjo berdasarkan bentuk serbuk dan berat sampel/sachet teh melinjo yang paling disukai. Seluruh atribut yang diuji pada formula teh melinjo memiliki nilai kesukaan lebih 3 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa setiap formula minuman teh melinjo dapat diterima oleh panelis dengan kategori agak suka dan suka. Adapun jenis formula teh yang paling disukai dengan indikator tingkat penerimaan secara keseluruhan adalah berat sampel 2,5 gram dan jenis serbuknya adalah merah halus
Evaluasi Pengaruh Kebijakan Restriksi Antibiotik Terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik Karbapenem
Authors: Isnaasar Anggi , Utami Hesty , Kumala Shirly
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kerasionalan penggunaan antibiotik karbapenem sebelum dan setelah adanya kebijakan restriksi antibiotik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian obseravsional dengan desain pre-post. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dan prospektif pada pasien rawat inap yang mendapatkan antibiotik golongan karbapenem di Rumah Sakit X. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit X pada semua ruang perawatan, yaitu ruang perawatan umum, ICU (Intensive Care Unit), dan HCU (High Care Unit). Populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit. Sampel penelitian adalah total sampling dari pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Pengumpulan data secara prospektif dilakukan selama periode Januari – Maret 2018 dan data restrospektif pada periode Juni – Agustus 2017. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antibiotik golongan karbapenem yang paling banyak digunakan adalah meropenem, angka penggunaan meropenem sebagai terapi antibiotik definitif menjadi meningkat setelah adanya penerapan restriksi. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu terjadi peningkatan kerasionalan penggunaan antibiotika karbapenem yaitu antibiotik meropenem banyak digunakan sebagai terapi definitif dari 60% sebelum restriksi menjadi 100% setelah restriksi. Penggunaan secara empiris sebelum restriksi sebesar 9,67%, dan setelah restriksi sebesar 57,57%.
Gambaran Kejadian Efek Samping Obat (ESO) Dengan Kejadian Putus Obat Pada Pasien Tb Paru Di RSUD Luwuk
Authors: Subchan Djadid Subchan, SKM, MPH , Firdaus H. Yahya Kunoli
Published: December 2022

Upaya pengendalian Tubeculosis (TB) menghadapi masalah bertambahnya kasus dan peningkatan TB Multi Drug Resisten (MDR) yang terjadi karena tertular jenis mikroba yang sudah resisten atau putus obat. Terjadinya putus obat, sebagian diakibatkan oleh adanya efek samping obat yang dirasakan oleh pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat gambaran efek samping obat yang dirasakan responden dengan kejadian putus obat. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, yaitu untuk memaparkan peristiwa penting yang terjadi pada responden. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner dengan jawaban terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efek samping obat TB MDR terbanyak adalah mual, muntah sebanyak 7 orang (77,8 %) kemudian disusul depresi sebanyak 5 orang (55,6%)%), sejalan dengan hasil penelitian dari Yang, et al. (2017) bahwa efek samping terbesar pada penelitiannya adalah gangguan pencernaan (18,4%) disusul oleh gangguan psikiatrik(5,5%). Alasan utama putus obat TB pada seorang responden adalah adanya efek samping obat berupa rasa mual, susah tidur dan berkeringat warna coklat. Sehingga tidak bisa bekerja pada jam yang ditentukan ditempatnya bekerja sebagai sopir. Efek samping obat pada penderita TB-MDR di RSUD Luwuk, cukup besar persentasenya, sehingga menyebabkan kejadian putus obat TB paru
Pengaruh Favipiravir dan Remdesivir Pada Pasien Covid-19 dengan Komorbid Penyakit Kardiovaskular & Hipertensi Terhadap Luaran Klinis Di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta
Authors: Nasarah Muhammad , Utami R Hesty , Sumiyati Yati , Subhan Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi hubungan antivirus favipiravir dan remdesivir pada pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbid penyakit kardiovaskular dan hipertensi terhadap luaran klinis di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan data retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang (cross sectional) dan pengambilan data sekunder berupa catatan rekam medis pasien periode bulan Januari-Juli 2021. Analisis hubungan antivirus pada pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbid penyakit kardiovaskular dan hipertensi terhadap luaran klinis dan lama perawatan menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Profil demografi pasien COVID-19 usia terbanyak adalah usia 55-64 tahun (43,3%), jenis kelamin adalah jenis kelamin perempuan (51,65%) dan derajat keparah gejala adalah ringan/sedang (75,0%). karakteristik klinik terbanyak pasien saat masuk rumah sakit mengalami batuk (72,0%), demam (63,65%). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara antivirus (favipiravir dan remdesivir) terhadap luaran klinis pada pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbid penyakit kardiovaskular dan hipertensi. Kemudian, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara antivirus (favipiravir dan remdesivir) terhadap lama rawat pada pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbid penyakit kardiovaskular dan hipertensi
Matchfunding goes digital: The benefits of matching policymaking with the crowd’s wisdom
Authors: Dalla Chiesa Carolina , Alexopoulou Andriani
Published: December 2022

Markets and governments have been increasingly intertwined when it comes to funding for the arts. This is the case with matchfunding schemes in which governments explore the crowd’s validation by providing funds to successful cultural projects. By matching public funds with the “crowd”, four parties benefit from this process: the artists, the platform, the donors, and the public institutions. Artists benefit from accessing more funds and credibility signals for their projects; the platform benefits from enlarging the scope of funds given to artists; donors benefit from increasing the likelihood of project success; and public institutions benefit from granting part of the decision-making process on cultural budget to the crowd and cutting expenses on project management. This article conceptually explores the benefits, consequences, and the constraints of matchfunding mechanisms for policymaking. We argue that while matchfunding brings benefactors closer to policymaking and governments closer to novel funding models through online means, it also reduces the role of governments in elaborating cultural policy. It is vital to ponder the benefits and hindrances of this model given that matchfunding can potentially shift the structure of policymaking for the arts and culture.
Changes in stiffness of the extracellular and pericellular matrix in the anulus fibrosus of lumbar intervertebral discs over the course of degeneration
Authors: Höflsauer Sebastian , Bonnaire Florian Christof , Bamberger Charlotte Emma , Danalache Marina , Feierabend Martina , Hofmann Ulf Krister
Published: December 2022

Analogous to articular cartilage, changes in spatial chondrocyte organisation have been proposed to be a strong indicator for local tissue degeneration in the intervertebral disc (IVD). While a progressive structural and functional degradation of the extracellular (ECM) and pericellular (PCM) matrix occurs in osteoarthritic cartilage, these processes have not yet been biomechanically elucidated in the IVD. We aimed to evaluate the local stiffness of the ECM and PCM in the anulus fibrosus of the IVD on the basis of local chondrocyte spatial organisation. Using atomic force microscopy, we measured the Young’s modulus of the local ECM and PCM in human and bovine disc samples using the spatial chondrocyte patterns as an image-based biomarker. By measuring tissue from 31 patients and six bovine samples, we found a significant difference in the elastic moduli (E) of the PCM in clusters when compared to the healthy patterns single cells (p = 0.029), pairs (p = 0.016), and string-formations (p = 0.010). The ECM/PCM ratio ranged from 0.62–0.89. Interestingly, in the bovine IVD, the ECM/PCM ratio of the E significantly varied (p = 0.002) depending on the tissue origin. Overall the reduced E in clusters demonstrates that cluster formation is not only a morphological phenomenon describing disc degeneration, but it marks a compromised biomechanical functioning. Immunohistochemical analyses indicate that collagen type III degradation might be involved. This study is the first to describe and quantify the differences in the E of the ECM in relation to the PCM in the anulus fibrosus of the IVD by means of atomic force microscopy on the basis of spatial chondrocyte organisation.
A SiO2 layer on PEO-treated Mg for enhanced corrosion resistance and bone regeneration
Authors: Qiu Longhai , Zhang Chi , Yang Xiaoming , Peng Feng , Huang Yuliang , He Yue
Published: December 2022

Magnesium (Mg) is a promising biodegradable metal for orthopedic applications, and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been widely studied as a corrosion protection coating on Mg-based implants. However, the porous structures and easily formed cracks in fluid are disadvantageous for long-term corrosion protection. In this study, a SiO2 layer was deposited on PEO-treated Mg to inhibit the formation of cracks on the PEO layer and prevent the permeation of corrosive fluid. The SiO2 layer did not alter the surface morphology of the PEO layer but considerably enhanced its corrosion resistance. The in vitro culture of MC3T3-E1 cells demonstrated the good cytocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability of SiO2-coated PEO-treated Mg, which could be attributed to Mg and Si ions released from the coating. The coating also favored the angiogenesis behaviors of HUVEC. Furthermore, with the continuous release of Mg and Si ions, the as-prepared implant showed a superior osseointegration ability in a rat bone implantation model. In summary, this newly designed Mg-based implant shows promising potential for orthopedic applications.
A Spanish-language translation for the U.S. of the type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-2 Spa-US)
Authors: Joiner Kevin L. , Adams Mackenzie P. , Bayrakdar Amani , Speight Jane
Published: December 2022

Background

Diabetes stigma is recognized to negatively impact health-related outcomes for people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a dearth of evidence among U.S. Latino adults with T2D. Our aim was to develop a Spanish-language translation of the Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2) and examine its psychometric properties among U.S. Latino adults with T2D.

Methods

The translation was developed through a multi-step process, including a focus group with community health workers (n=5) and cognitive debriefing interviews with Latino adults with T2D (n=8). It was field-tested in an online survey of U.S. Latino adults with T2D, recruited via Facebook (October 2018 to June 2019). Exploratory factor analysis examined structural validity. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed by testing hypothesized correlations with measures of general chronic illness stigma, diabetes distress, depressive and anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and self-esteem.

Results

Among 817 U.S. Latino adults with T2D who participated in the online survey, 517 completed the Spanish-language DSAS-2 (DSAS Spa-US) and were eligible for the study (mean age 54 ± 10 years, and 72% female). Exploratory factor analysis supported a single-factor solution (eigenvalue=8.20), accounting for 82% of shared variance among the 19 items, all loading ≥ 0.5. Internal consistency reliability was high (α=0.93). As expected, strong, positive correlations were observed between diabetes stigma and general chronic illness stigma (rs=0.65) and diabetes distress (rs=0.57); medium, positive correlations, between diabetes stigma and depressive (rs=0.45) and anxiety (rs=0.43) symptoms, and loneliness (rs=0.41); and a moderate negative correlation between diabetes stigma and self-esteem (rs=-0.50). There was no relationship between diabetes stigma and diabetes duration (rs=0.07, ns).

Conclusion

The DSAS-2 Spa-US is a version of the DSAS-2, translated into Spanish, that has good psychometric properties for assessing diabetes stigma in U.S. Latino adults with T2D.
Longitudinal 18F-VUIIS1008 PET imaging in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Su Xinhui , Wang Liangliang , Yang Rongshui , Guo Zhide
Published: December 2022

Macrophages have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to elucidate the temporal profile of macrophage infiltration in synovitis in RA rat models using PET (positron emission tomography) imaging based a new generation of TSPO (Translocator protein, 18 kDa)-PET ligand, 18F-VUIIS1008 {2-[5,7-Diethyl-2-{4-[2-(18F)fluoroethoxy]phenyl}pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyri-midin-3-yl]-N, N-diethylacetamide}. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted using RAW264.7 macrophage cells and a rat model of RA induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). Our results showed 18F-VUIIS1008 showed excellent stability in vitro and binding specificity to RAW264.7 cells, and rapid accumulation in the left inflammatory ankles. PET studies revealed that 18F-VUIIS1008 could clearly identify the left inflammatory ankles with good contrast at 30–120 min post-injection. The uptake of 18F-VUIIS1008 of left inflammatory ankles was a wiggle trace with two peaks on day 7 and 29, and then, the highest peak uptake was seen on day 29 (3.00% ± 0.08%ID/g) at 60 min after injection. Tracer uptakes could be inhibited by PK11195 or VUIIS1008. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence tests showed that elevated TSPO expression and infiltrated macrophages were found in the left inflammation ankles. 18F-VUIIS1008 as a novel PET imaging agent showed great potential to identify temporal profile of macrophage infiltration in synovitis in RA, and deliver accurate non-invasive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of RA development.
Faecal carriage of ESBL producing and colistin resistant Escherichia coli in avian species over a 2-year period (2017-2019) in Zimbabwe
Authors: Takawira Faustinos Tatenda , Pitout Johann D. D. , Thilliez Gaetan , Mashe Tapfumanei , Gutierrez Ana Victoria , Kingsley Robert A. , Peirano Gisele , Matheu Jorge , Midzi Stanley Munyaradzi , Mwamakamba Lusubilo Witson , Gally David L. , Tarupiwa Andrew , Mukavhi Leckson , Ehlers Marthie M. , Mtapuri-Zinyowera Sekesai , Kock Marleen M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli have become widespread among food producing animals. These strains serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and act as a possible source of infection to humans as transmission can occur by direct or indirect contact.

Methods

This study investigated the faecal carriage of ESBL producing and colistin resistant E. coli in poultry over a 2-year period (2017-2019) from Zimbabwe. A total of 21 ESBL positive isolates from poultry cloacal specimens were selected for whole genome sequencing from animal E. coli isolates bio-banked at the National Microbiology Reference laboratory using phenotypic susceptibility testing results from the National Escherichia coli Surveillance Program to provide representation of different geographical regions and year of isolation. Cloacal swabs were collected from 3000 broiler live birds from farm 1 and from farm 2, 40 backyard chickens and 10 ducks were sampled. Antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBL testing were performed as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Whole genome sequencing of ESBL producing isolates was used to determine sequence types (STs), ARGs, and phylogroups.

Results

Twenty-one of the included E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers. Three defined sequence type clonal complexes (CCs) were identified (ST10CC, ST155CC and ST23CC), with ST10CC associated with the most antibiotic resistant profile. The ESBL phenotype was linked to the presence of either cefotaximase-Munich-14 (CTX-M-14) or CTX-M-79. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistant determinants identified were qnrB19 and qnrS1 and one ST10CC isolate from farm 1 broiler chickens harbored a mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1). Phylogenetic groups most identified were B1, A and unknown.

Discussions

The avian ESBL producing E. coli belonged to a diverse group of strains. The detection of several ARGs highlights the importance of implementing enhanced control measures to limit the spread in animals, environment, and humans. This is the first report of mcr-1 in Zimbabwe, which further underscores the importance of the One Health approach to control the spread and development of AMR.
PDIA4, a new endoplasmic reticulum stress protein, modulates insulin resistance and inflammation in skeletal muscle
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsing , Chiang Chi-Fu , Lin Fu-Huang , Kuo Feng-Chih , Su Sheng-Chiang , Huang Chia-Luen , Li Peng-Fei , Liu Jhih-Syuan , Lu Chieh-Hua , Hsieh Chang-Hsun , Hung Yi-Jen , Shieh Yi-Shing
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a key player in insulin resistance (IR) progression in skeletal muscle. Recent reports revealed that ER stress-induced the expression of protein disulfide isomerase family a member 4 (PDIA4), which may be involved in IR-related diseases. A previous study showed that metformin modulated ER stress-induced IR. However, it remained unclear whether metformin alleviated IR by regulating PDIA4 expression in skeletal muscle.

Methods

Herein, we used palmitate-induced IR in C2C12 cells and a high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model to document the relations between metformin, IR, and PDIA4.

Results

In C2C12 cells, palmitate-induced IR increased inflammatory cytokines and PDIA4 expression. Besides, knocking down PDIA4 decreased palmitate-induced IR and inflammation in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, metformin modulated PDIA4 expression and alleviated IR both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, serum PDIA4 concentrations are associated with IR and inflammatory cytokines levels in human subjects.

Discussion

Thus, this study is the first to demonstrate that PDIA4 participates in the metformin-induced effects on skeletal muscle IR and indicates that PDIA4 is a potential novel therapeutic target for directly alleviating IR.
Influence of Hashimoto thyroiditis on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules
Authors: Mao Linfeng , Zheng Chunmei , Ou Shengzhao , He Youwu , Liao Chuanjie , Deng Ganlu
Published: December 2022

Background

As the prevalence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid cancer (TC) has been increasing dramatically in recent years, the association between the two diseases has been widely debated and studied. However, no consistent findings are available and the relationship remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed the influence of HT on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and investigated the relationship between HT and TC.

Methods

From Jan 2017 to Apr 2021, 4678 patients underwent thyroid surgery were collected. Of these patients, 440 were diagnosed with HT (242 nodular goiter (NG) with HT, 198 TC with HT). These patients were grouped when appropriate and the data from these patients were statistically analyzed by using SPSS and GraphPad Prism 6.

Results

HT occurred in 198 of 1089 (18.2%) TC patients and 242 of 3589 (6.74%) patients without TC (p=0.000). In terms of the ultrasonography features, in the NG with HT group, 33.1% (80/242) of patients had fine calcification and 45.9% (111/242) of patients whose TI-RADS classification were > Level 3. In the isolated PTC group, 32.3% (2343/7260) LN were metastasis-positive while in the NG with HT group, only 26.0% (504/1939) LN were metastasis-positive (P=0.000). The proportion of PTMC was significantly higher (P=0.000), while the proportion of multifocal carcinoma was significantly lower when coexisting with HT (P=0.029). When comparing the data from the two groups diagnosed as PTMC coexisting with HT or not, there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of tumor number, LN metastasis, LN dissection area, regional LN metastasis and number of negative/positive LN (P=0.614, P=0.051, P=0.139, P=0.350, P=1.000 and P=0.333 respectively). In the MPTC group, 42.2% (872/2065) LN were metastasis-positive while in the MPTC with HT group, only 23.6% (50/212) LN were metastasis-positive (P=0.000).

Conclusions

Our data suggested that HT is associated with an increased risk of developing TC but may be a protective factor against PTC progression and metastasis. The coexistence of HT affects the judgment of thyroid nodules by ultrasonography.
A rare pituitary tumor associated with hyperthyroidism and acromegaly
Authors: Li Li , Meng Liheng , Liu Yuping , Tamrakar Rashi , Yang Xi , Liang Xinghuang , Zhou Jia , Xian Jing , Huang Zhenxing , Qin Yingfen
Published: December 2022

Background

Mixed pituitary TSH/GH adenomas are rare adenomas associated with acromegaly and/or thyrotoxicosis, with or without varying degrees of goiter. In this report, we show a case of pituitary adenoma producing both GH and TSH simultaneously.

Case presentation

A 27-year-old man was diagnosed with pituitary adenoma based on various symptoms and clinical findings. For further examination and treatment, he was hospitalized in our institution. It was likely that this subject had pituitary adenoma producing both GH and TSH. In brain magnetic resonance imaging, there was a giant tumor in the sellar region. After the diagnosis of mixed pituitary TSH/GH adenoma, he was treated with octreotide, then underwent tumor resection, and then received hydrocortisone acetate and levothyroxine sodium. After then, GH and IGF-1 levels were suppressed and thyroid function was normalized. Postoperative immunohistochemistry reports showed GH (+) but TSH (-), which may be insensitive to the antibody used to detect TSH or combined with other factors.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of mixed pituitary TSH/GH adenoma must be combined with clinical manifestations, immunohistochemical staining and relevant hormone levels, and genetic testing if necessary for comprehensive judgment. For patients with large adenomas, it is recommended to use somatostatin analogs to restore TH levels and control the excessive secretion of GH levels before surgery.