bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for multiple nucleosynthetic processes from carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Hansen T. T. , Simon J. D. , Li T. S. , Frebel A. , Thompson I. , Shectman S.
Published: May 2023

Context.Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars ([C/Fe] > 0.7) are known to exist in large numbers at low metallicity in the Milky Way halo and are important tracers of early Galactic chemical evolution. However, very few stars of this kind have been identified in the classical dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies, and detailed abundances, including neutron-capture element abundances, have only been reported for 13 stars.

Aims.We aim to derive detailed abundances of six CEMP stars identified in the Carina dSph and compare the abundances to CEMP stars in other dSph galaxies and the Milky Way halo. This is the largest sample of CEMP stars in a dSph galaxy analysed to date.

Methods.One-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) elemental abundances are derived via equivalent width and spectral synthesis using high-resolution spectra of the six stars obtained with the MIKE spectrograph at Las Campanas Observatory.

Results.We derived abundances or upper limits for up to 27 elements from C to Os in the six stars. Our analysis reveals one of the stars to be a CEMP-no star with very low neutron-capture element abundances. In contrast, the other five stars all show enhancements in neutron-capture elements in addition to their carbon enhancement, classifying them as CEMP-sand -r/sstars. The six stars have similarαand iron-peak element abundances to other stars in Carina, except for the CEMP-no star, which shows enhancement in Na, Mg, and Si. We explored the absolute carbon abundances (A(C)) of CEMP stars in dSph galaxies and find similar behaviour to that seen for Milky Way halo CEMP stars, but highlight that CEMP-r/sstars primarily have very highA(C) values. We also compared the neutron-capture element abundances of the CEMP-r/sstars in our sample to recenti-process yields, which provide a good match to the derived abundances.
Growth-rate measurement with type-Ia supernovae using ZTF survey simulations
Authors: Carreres Bastien , Bautista Julian E. , Feinstein Fabrice , Fouchez Dominique , Racine Benjamin , Smith Mathew , Amenouche Melissa , Aubert Marie , Dhawan Suhail , Ginolin Madeleine , Goobar Ariel , Gris Philippe , Lacroix Leander , Nuss Eric , Regnault Nicolas , Rigault Mickael , Robert Estelle , Rosnet Philippe , Sommer Kelian , Dekany Richard , Groom Steven L. , Sravan Niharika , Masci Frank J. , Purdum Josiah
Published: May 2023

Measurements of the growth rate of structures at z < 0.1 with peculiar velocity surveys have the potential of testing the validity of general relativity on cosmic scales. In this work, we present growth-rate measurements from realistic simulated sets of type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We describe our simulation methodology, the light-curve fitting, and peculiar velocity estimation. Using the maximum likelihood method, we derived constraints on fσ8 using only ZTF SN Ia peculiar velocities. We carefully tested the method and we quantified biases due to selection effects (photometric detection, spectroscopic follow-up for typing) on several independent realizations. We simulated the equivalent of 6 years of ZTF data, and considering an unbiased spectroscopically typed sample at z < 0.06, we obtained unbiased estimates of fσ8 with an average uncertainty of 19% precision. We also investigated the information gain in applying bias correction methods. Our results validate our framework, which can be used on real ZTF data.
Smart system for early detection of agricultural plant diseases in the vegetation period
Authors: Baratov Rustam , Valixanova Himola
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a smart system for the early detection of agricultural plant diseases in the vegetation period. The proposed smart system allows the detection of three types of wheat diseases, particularly yellow rust, powdery mildew, and Septoria at an early stage, and significantly improves the soil and ecology by locally spraying harmful chemicals just on sick plants. The proposed disease-detecting method is based on the structure of a convolutional neural network (CNN) using the Pycharm program based on the C ++ programming language. The basic structure of the smart system consists of Raspberry PI 4 MODULE, Raspberry Pi camera module v2, buzzer, HC-SR04 distance sensor, rotor driver, AC motor, power supply, relay microelectronics, and some digital devices.
Identification of mineral associations in skarn-rare-metallic deposits in Western Uzbekistan
Authors: Ashirov M. , Khoshjanova K. , Rakhmatullaev J. , Juliev M.
Published: May 2023

This article solves the applied scientific problem of identifying mineral carriers and mineral associations of platinum mineralization in the skarn-gold-rare metal Koytash and Lyangar deposits. One of the applied research tasks was to identify the forms of mineral carriers and mineral associations of platinum-metal mineralization for these deposits. We carried out geological fieldwork of the Koytash and Lyangar deposits, which included a sampling of sulphide-rare metal and silver-polymetallic ores, and conducted laboratory studies by using mass spectrometry, atomic absorption, electron microprobe, and other modern methods. This article addresses the complex formation of sulphide-rare-metal and silver-polymetallic ores of the above-mentioned deposits. The formation of mineral associations bearing rare-metal (W-Mo) mineralization that formed in the early alkaline stage, in almost all sites, is completed by sulphide-rare metal and silver-polymetallic mineralization that often carry industrial-grade concentrations of noble and other metals. We have identified a recommended location for the concomitant extraction of useful components, the mineral composition, and the impure elements in them. These data show the prospects of sulphide-rare metals and sulphidepoly-metallic ores in the Koytash deposit for precious metals, bismuth, etc.
Wastewater treatment in Central Asia: A review of papers from the Scopus database published in English of 2000−2020
Authors: Musirmonov J. , Gafurova L. , Ergasheva O. , Saidova M.
Published: May 2023

Today the world is facing a major problem of getting rid of wastewater safely so that it does not disrupt the environment. This study analyzed global research trends through wastewater treatment technologies from 2000 to 2020 using Scopus databases. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliometric analysis regarding the production and impact of scientific research related to wastewater treatment indexed in the Scopus databases. The purpose is to know key aspects such as the progression of production over the two decades, maturity in research, coverage of the subject, identifying the most discussed topics and as a result of identifying the gaps, the most relevant authors and the core of journals through which knowledge in this area is disseminated, as well as its impact through the analysis of citations. Scopus revealed a total of 44 journal articles, 19 conference proceedings, and 1 review paper during this period, with the keywords’ wastewater, treatment. As per the analysis, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan painted the greatest publications connected with wastewater.
Mathematical modelling and numerical methods for studying the dynamic stability of the movement of cotton harvesters on slopes
Authors: Azimov B.M. , Ikhsanova Sh.Z.
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the issues of modelling and stability of the movement of semi-mounted cotton harvesters on slopes. To solve this problem, the work has compiled the equations of motion of a cotton harvester (CH), using the example of the MX-2.4 brand, using the Lagrange equations of the second kind. The numerical method Runge-Kutta solved the equations of vertical oscillations of the machine when driving on slopes. Taking into account the uneven distribution of mass between the front driving and back steered wheels, an equation was drawn up and the reaction of the sides, the distribution of mass on the wheels, the coefficients of stiffness and viscous resistance of the tires of the wheel on the slope, the dynamic radii of the wheel, the pressure on the tire tires, the power of the vibration of the machine and the wheels, the resistance rolling of the left back steered wheel, maximum angles of inclination in the front and back parts of the wheels of the machine, tipping moments of the front and back axles, stabilizing moments of the machine, moments of overturning and withdrawal of the machine on slopes.
Implementation of GIS-based Smart Community Information System and concepts of Digital Twin in the field of urban planning in Uzbekistan
Authors: Avezbaev S. , Avezbaev O. , Tashpulatov S. , Sharipov S.
Published: May 2023

This article describes initiatives implemented in Uzbekistan to create a GIS-based Smart Community Information System (SCIS) and concepts of Digital Twin in the field of urban planning. The goal of the project is to create a GIS-based SCIS by introducing the concept of a Digital Twin to provide 3D maps, and plans, collect data necessary for spatial analysis and planning of territories, maintain and provide city master plans and district master plans, territorial zoning, land use and development rules, building codes and regulations, control over the process of construction, operation, repairs, and renovation. Based on the Esri product solutions, such as ArcGIS City Engine, ArcGIS Pro, Image Analyst, 3D Analyst, and ArcGIS Enterprise \ AGOL were created the initial version of the Digital Twin of the city of Tashkent. Also used CAD files, data from OSM, Airbus (DEM 24m), and SketchUp to work with detailed models and other data from different sources. The platform with advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning will provide reality capture, GIS and BIM integration, and real-time Internet of Things (IoT) support, allowing clients and organizations to collect, model, visualize, analyze and predict information on infrastructures and processes.
Foreign experience in the development of land use for households
Authors: Ashurov Abdullo , Kubaev Djasur
Published: May 2023

The article highlights the issues of the importance and features of land use of personal subsidiary farms by the rural population of the world. According to FAO, almost 75% of the world’s people living in extreme poverty live in rural areas, and their livelihoods and food security depend mainly on the development of the agricultural sector of the economy. Agriculture is the world’s largest employer, providing livelihoods as it employs 40 percent of the world’s population today. It is the largest sector of income and jobs for poor rural households. Five hundred million small households, predominantly rainfed, provide up to 80 percent of the food consumed in most developing countries. Over the past 20 years, the total volume of agricultural production in the world has increased significantly. However, in some of its regions, this growth is accompanied by population growth, falling prices for agricultural products, and deteriorating soil quality, which raises concerns about the sustainability of the agricultural production system. To ensure sustainable development of agriculture in developed and developing countries, more and more is directed to the development of personal subsidiary plots.
Gas absorption in reactive solutions: Adapted instrumentation of a stirred cell for kinetic study and application to CO2/amine systems
Authors: Delgado Serena , Cadours Renaud , Coquelet Christophe , Gaunand Alain , Volpi Céline
Published: May 2023

The elimination of impurities from natural gas (water, CO2, H2S, mercaptans) is an obligation: in Europe, a max. of 20 mg/Sm3 in total sulfur (at 15°C and 1 atm) is allowed, as well as 2.5 vol% in CO2. It maximizes the calorific value of delivered gas and limits chemical risks (corrosion, toxicity) associated with this transition fuel to cleaner energy sources. Acid gas separation is commonly performed by reactive gas-liquid absorption. Raw gas and absorptive solution are brought into counter current contact in an absorber at 40-80°C and 30-80 bar. Then the acid-gas loaded solvent is sent to a stripper where acid gas desorption from the solvent takes place at T between 105 and 140°C and P ≤ 2.5 bar.

The solvent is an aqueous base (e.g., amine) solution. A good solvent has a high reactivity with the dissolved gas during absorption and a low regeneration energy, hence the advantage of mixtures of two amines. Here we study an aqueous solution of a small amount of piperazine (PZ) added to methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). PZ reacts faster with CO2 than MDEA, and the major reaction product with CO2 is the hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3-, which lowers the solvent regeneration duty.

This work aims at characterising the kinetics of the absorption of CO2 in an aqueous solution of MDEA-PZ. Indeed, no consensus has been found on the reaction mechanism of CO2 in this amine mixture; the synergies between MDEA and PZ observed in the literature remain poorly explained. However, its knowledge is essential to optimize solvent formulation and industrial unit design.
CFD simulation of the hydrodynamics within an RVF module in laminar regime
Authors: Cheng Ming , Fillaudeau Luc , Schmitz Philippe
Published: May 2023

The dynamic filtration module called Rotating and Vibrating Filtration (RVF) is a performant device for membrane fouling control and limiting the formation of cake layer. Indeed, it can generate strong shear stress at the membrane surface decoupled from the feeding flowrate. Moreover, the pressure fluctuation that takes place in the device is also beneficial to control membrane fouling. A CFD model has been validated in laminar regime from experimental measurements of velocity fields and pressure distribution inside the RVF. The boundary layer development at the walls were carefully studied to better explain the effects of the rotation speed and the viscosity on the spatial distribution and time variations of pressure and shear stress at the membrane surface. It appears that shear stress is more efficient than pressure to control membrane performances in laminar regime.
Local behavior of inclusions in reactors metallurgical: Aggregation and deposition on the walls
Authors: Kroll-Rabotin Jean-Sébastien , Gisselbrecht Matthieu , Joishi Manoj , Bellot Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2023

Populations of inclusions conditioned very early in the alloy production process metals, during the refining and liquid metal treatment stages, are likely to drastically impact mechanical performance, especially fatigue resistance. Control performance of these materials therefore requires control of the inclusion populations, requiring in particular a very good knowledge of the mechanisms which govern their evolution in number and size in refining reactors. Inclusive behaviors in supply chains steel and aluminum have already been the subject of numerical studies at the process scale (Bellot et al., 2014 ; Waz et al., 2016) in which the transport and agglomeration of inclusions are modelled. In order to improve the modelling of key phenomena such as the aggregation and capture of wall inclusions, local simulations, at the scale of an inclusion pair and a layer limit to the wall of a reactor, are carried out here using a lattice Boltzmann method (Sungkorn and Derksen, 2012).
Limits of Relativist Process Engineering: Current Feasibility in the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Fonteix Christian , Camargo Mauricio , Meimaroglou Dimitrios , Charpentier Jean-Claude
Published: May 2023

Many authors have published in the field of relativistic fluid mechanics (Von LAUE, 1911) (HALBWACHS, 1960) (PICHON, 1965) (LICHNEROWICZ, 1966) (BRUHAT, 1966) (MARLE, 1969) (ARZELIES, 1971) (MAHJOUB, 1971) (REZZOLLA et al., 2013) (DISVONZI, 2014) (DERRADI et al., 2016). However, the demonstrations carried out are subject to caution, either due to errors, or by the use of the BOLTZMANN equation or the principle of least action associated with the Lagrangian (FONTEIX et al., 2020). The conference presented at the previous SFGP congress (CAMARGO et al., 2019) was based on the results of a publication (FONTEIX et al., 2020). The aim was to write the energy, momentum and matter balances in special relativity, for continuous fluid mixtures (ARZELIES, 1971). Contrary to custom, these assessments were demonstrated using 2 principles. The first is well known, it is the inseparability of space and time during a change of inertial frame (MINKOWSKI, 1907). The second is our original proposal: in the Tangent Inertial Frame of a flat space-time, the equations of the relativistic dynamics of continuous fluid mixtures and those of classical physics are identical. Thanks to this, we were able to integrate relativistic gravitation (BRAGINSKY et al., 1992) (Mc DONALD, 1997) (TARTAGLIA et al., 2004) in flat space-time (not curved) and electromagnetism. However, we had not considered nuclear reactions and quantum phenomena (SCHULMAN, 1980), nor approached relativistic thermodynamics (STRUCHTRUP, 1998). We will not do it more here, but we will see in the present conference if it is possible, based on the previous results, to make experiments whose results differ significantly from those carried out on earth, namely experiments carried out in the fastest usable vehicle currently available: the International Space Station (ISS).
Characterization of the extrudability of hydrogel-based materials for 3D printing of heat-sensitive drugs
Authors: Aina Morenikeji , Baillon Fabien , Sescousse Romain , Sanchez–Ballester Noelia M. , Begu Sylvie , Soulairol Ian , Sauceau Martial
Published: May 2023

Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), one of the additive manufacturing techniques, is attracting particular attention due to its use for printing thermosensitive drugs. Among the materials used in SSE, hydrogels have received the most attention in pharmaceutical applications due to their ability to provide spatial and temporal control of the release of various therapeutic agents. 3D printing of these hydrogel-based materials requires a fundamental understanding of their non-Newtonian flow during extrusion. In this work, agar gels were subjected to extrusion tests at apparent shear rates corresponding to their printing speeds. The rheology of these gels was then studied using a laboratory setup consisting of a syringe piston pushed by varying weight and the data obtained was modelled using the Herschel–Bulkley equation to obtain the yield stress, the consistency and flow indices. The 4% (w/w) concentration of agar gel showed the best fit to the modelled data and had the optimal rheological properties. This concentration was thus used in printing cylindrical objects, and the effect of the infill density on the porosity of the objects as well as on the dissolution of a tracer was studied.
Complications des chirurgies de colique chez le cheval
Authors: Pader Karine
Published: May 2023

Les chirurgies de colique sont les chirurgies les plus fréquemment réalisées en urgence chez les chevaux. Le pronostic vital et sportif s’est nettement amélioré au cours des 50 dernières années ; cependant, les taux de complications et de mortalité restent hauts suite aux chirurgies de colique. Les complications peuvent se produire pendant ou après la chirurgie, elles ont toujours d’importantes conséquences financières pour le propriétaire et peuvent même parfois être fatales. Le but de cet article est de discuter des complications per et postopératoires les plus fréquentes, afin de mieux les prévenir, les reconnaître et les traiter. Les deux éléments essentiels permettant de réduire l’incidence des complications restent la rapidité de référer vers la structure chirurgicale et de bonnes méthodes chirurgicales. La formation des chirurgiens à l’ensemble des techniques chirurgicales est essentielle avant de réaliser une laparotomie exploratrice afin d’éviter un pessimisme erroné au cours de l’intervention chirurgicale, menant à l’euthanasie, alors qu’une technique plus complexe aurait permis de sauver la vie de l’animal.
Complications associées aux chirurgies urogénitales chez la jument
Authors: de Fourmestraux Claire , Gross Lise , Jordan Emeline
Published: May 2023

Les chirurgies urogénitales femelles sont réalisées couramment et sont d’une importance économique marquée pour la reproduction équine. Les complications les plus courantes associées à ces chirurgies sont les hémorragies, les échecs de correction chirurgicale, la formation d’adhérences et enfin l’infertilité. Les chirurgies de réparation de lacérations périnéales présentent de forts risques de déhiscence de la plaie en l’absence de mesures spécifiques. Les réparations de lacérations de col quant à elles, de par les difficultés d’accès inhérentes à l’anatomie, présentent un fort risque de mauvaise correction et donc d’infertilité. Les ovariectomies sont les chirurgies où le choix de l’approche chirurgicale et la technique d’hémostase sont primordiaux afin de limiter l’apparition de complications. Enfin, lors de césariennes d’urgence, les risques majeurs d’hémorragie sont à prendre en compte dans la technique chirurgicale et la période postopératoire peut s’avérer critique pour la jument en cas de rétention des enveloppes fœtales. Afin de prévenir l’apparition de ces complications, chaque chirurgie doit être préparée en prenant en compte des considérations préopératoires, peropératoires et postopératoires particulières. La connaissance des complications permet de les prévenir et de les gérer au plus vite pour le bien-être de la jument et son avenir reproducteur.
Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome
Authors: Vetter Christine
Published: May 2023

Die Daten der Studiengruppe indolenter Lymphome (StiL) dokumentieren, dass Rituximab plus Bendamustin auch weiterhin die Standardtherapie bei den Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen (NHL) ist und dass die Patienten insgesamt von einer Erhaltungstherapie mit Rituximab profitieren. Die Zahl der Teilnehmer an nationalen Studien ist zwangläufig jedoch nicht sehr hoch. Das unterstreicht die Bedeutung von Studienprotokollen in der Therapie von Lymphomen.
Herstellungsprobleme, Marktrücknahme, Bedarfssteigerung
Authors: Voll Barbara
Published: May 2023

Bei onkologischen Medikamenten sind immer wieder Versorgungsengpässe aufgetreten. Sie betreffen hauptsächlich ältere Arzneimittel, die als Generika eingesetzt werden und etwa die Hälfte der über 200 in Deutschland zugelassenen Krebsmedikamente ausmachen. Die Ursachen für die Engpässe sind unterschiedlich.
Kinder und Jugendliche mit intrakraniellem Ependymom –
Empfehlungen der HIT-MED-Studiengruppe der GPOH zur
Erstlinientherapie
Authors: Obrecht Denise , Mynarek Martin , Stickan-Verfürth Martina , Bison Brigitte , Schüller Ulrich , Pajtler Kristian , Hagel Christian , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Fleischhack Gudrun , Timmermann Beate , Rutkowski Stefan
Published: May 2023

In den letzten Jahren wurden biologische Subgruppen des Ependymoms (EPN)
identifiziert und in die aktuelle WHO-Klassifikation eingeführt,
allerdings haben diese derzeit noch keinen Einfluss auf die
Therapiestratifizierung. Jedoch finden sich immer mehr Hinweise, dass das
klinische Verhalten abhängig von der Tumorbiologie ist: PF-EPN-A mit
einem Zugewinn des Chromosom 1q beispielsweise sind mit einem hohen Risiko
für Rezidive assoziiert, während das Überleben bei
ST-EPN-YAP1 bei>90% liegt. Die insgesamt noch nicht
zufriedenstellende Prognose zeigt, dass die Therapiestrategien weiter verbessert
werden müssen. Das Ausmaß der Tumorresektion ist der wichtigste
klinische Prognosefaktor, weshalb die Evaluation einer erneuten OP bei einem
postoperativen Resttumor höchste Priorität hat. Darüber
hinaus wird die Wirksamkeit der Lokalbestrahlung als bewiesen angesehen und
derzeit im Alter>1 Jahr empfohlen. Der Stellenwert der Chemotherapie ist
weiterhin unklar. Ein Ziel der europäischen klinischen Studie SIOP
Ependymoma II ist, die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Chemotherapien zu evaluieren,
so dass deutsche Patienten im Rahmen dieser Studie behandelt werden sollten, um
den Kenntnisstand voranzutreiben. Neue prognostische biologische Parameter
werden im Rahmen des Begleitprojekts BIOMECA validiert. Die Erkenntnisse dieser
Begleitstudie sollen auch genutzt werden, um zielgerichtete Therapien sog.
Targeted Therapies zu entwickeln. Für Patienten, die nicht im Rahmen der
interventionellen Strata der Studie behandelt werden können, stellt die
HIT-MED Guidance (aktuelle Version 5.2) eine Handlungsempfehlung dar. Der
vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Empfehlungen zu
Diagnostik und Therapie für Kinder- und Jugendliche mit intrakraniellem
Ependymom, sowie zur Behandlung im Rahmen der SIOP Ependymoma II Studie.
Impact of Life Cycle Costing in Procurement of Robotic Track-Based Central Laboratory at Apex Medical Institute in India
Authors: Khare Amitesh , Singh Angel Rajan , Datta Sudip Kumar , Singh Sheetal , Gupta Anant , Satpathy Sidhartha , Sharma D. K. , Gupta Ritu
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Life cycle costing is an important management tool that takes into account the implications of planning, acquiring, operating, maintaining, and disposing of an asset during its complete life cycle. A major hindrance to the procurement of expensive equipment in developing countries is the lack of a reliable framework combining and integrating all the equipment life cycle aspects into procurement process.

Methods

The study was conducted from the data collected from the bids that were received for procurement of two robotic track-based central laboratories which were installed at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The procurement was done as per the guidelines laid down under General Finance Rules (GFR) 2017 following the two bid systems: technical bid and price/commercial bid.

Results

A complete financial analysis of the robotic laboratory was done that involved gathering of all the pertinent financial information into one place and then using that data to analyze the feasibility of the bid. The life cycle costs of both the labs were calculated by assuming the life of equipment as 10 years and by factoring in cost of equipment including 5-year warranty, comprehensive maintenance from years 6 to 10, indicative cost of all reagents for 10 years, and indicative cost of all other consumables for 10 years.

Conclusion

Results showed that the cost of equipment alone should not be the sole predictor of making purchase decisions of equipment. Further research may additionally explore differences between processes being followed in government versus private organizations, as well as national guidelines and subnational practices.
Nuclear spin diffusion under fast magic-angle spinning in solid-state NMR
Authors: Tatman Ben P. , Franks W. Trent , Brown Steven P. , Lewandowski Józef R.
Published: May 2023

Solid-state nuclear spin diffusion is the coherent and reversible process through which spin order is transferred via dipolar couplings. With the recent increases in magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequencies and magnetic fields becoming routinely applied in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, understanding how the increased 1H resolution obtained affects spin diffusion is necessary for interpretation of several common experiments. To investigate the coherent contributions to spin diffusion with fast MAS, we have developed a low-order correlation in Liouville space model based on the work of Dumez et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 33, 224501, 2010). Specifically, we introduce a new method for basis set selection, which accounts for the resonance-offset dependence at fast MAS. Furthermore, we consider the necessity of including chemical shift, both isotropic and anisotropic, in the modeling of spin diffusion. Using this model, we explore how different experimental factors change the nature of spin diffusion. Then, we show case studies to exemplify the issues that arise in using spin diffusion techniques at fast spinning. We show that the efficiency of polarization transfer via spin diffusion occurring within a deuterated and 100% back-exchanged protein sample at 60 kHz MAS is almost entirely dependent on resonance offset. We additionally identify temperature-dependent magnetization transfer in beta-aspartyl L-alanine, which could be explained by the influence of an incoherent relaxation-based nuclear Overhauser effect.
PluginPlay: Enabling exascale scientific software one module at a time
Authors: Richard Ryan M. , Keipert Kristopher , Waldrop Jonathan , Keçeli Murat , Williams-Young David , Bair Raymond , Boschen Jeffery , Crandall Zachery , Gasperich Kevin , Mahmud Quazi Ishtiaque , Panyala Ajay , Valeev Edward , van Dam Hubertus , de Jong Wibe A. , Windus Theresa L.
Published: May 2023

For many computational chemistry packages, being able to efficiently and effectively scale across an exascale cluster is a heroic feat. Collective experience from the Department of Energy’s Exascale Computing Project suggests that achieving exascale performance requires far more planning, design, and optimization than scaling to petascale. In many cases, entire rewrites of software are necessary to address fundamental algorithmic bottlenecks. This in turn requires a tremendous amount of resources and development time, resources that cannot reasonably be afforded by every computational science project. It thus becomes imperative that computational science transition to a more sustainable paradigm. Key to such a paradigm is modular software. While the importance of modular software is widely recognized, what is perhaps not so widely appreciated is the effort still required to leverage modular software in a sustainable manner. The present manuscript introduces PluginPlay, https://github.com/NWChemEx-Project/PluginPlay, an inversion-of-control framework designed to facilitate developing, maintaining, and sustaining modular scientific software packages. This manuscript focuses on the design aspects of PluginPlay and how they specifically influence the performance of the resulting package. Although, PluginPlay serves as the framework for the NWChemEx package, PluginPlay is not tied to NWChemEx or even computational chemistry. We thus anticipate PluginPlay to prove to be a generally useful tool for a number of computational science packages looking to transition to the exascale.
Situational and contextual variation in the development of
Spanish apologies during short-term study abroad
Authors: DiBartolomeo Megan , Elias Vanessa , Jung Daniel
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the effect of instruction
and micro-social factors (social distance and power) on learners’
production of L2 Spanish apologies during a 6-week immersion program
in Spain. It also explores whether learners are able to apply
semantic formulas learned for one speech act (apologies) to the
context of another (refusals). Thirty-one learners completed an oral
discourse completion task before and after study abroad. Results
show that learners approximate native-like norms for apologies after
study abroad and instruction, and that they are able to apply this
knowledge to the context of refusals. Learners also show differences
in apology formula usage across situations of varying social
distance and power. They are sensitive to situational differences in
both factors after study abroad.
Acquiring dialect-specific yes-no question intonation during
study abroad in Venezuela
Authors: Trimble John
Published: May 2023

This study explores the L2 acquisition of
regionally-indexed intonation during study abroad by investigating
changes in L2 intonation over the course of a semester abroad in the
Venezuelan Andes. Results indicated that even after a short period
abroad (i.e., 14 weeks) learners not only increased frequency of a
familiar pattern (i.e., falling contours for declaratives), but some
also adopted new patterns (i.e., a regional circumflex contour for
absolute interrogatives) to varying degrees. Five of nine learners
adopted the regional circumflex absolute interrogative and the
frequency of this feature showed variation across two
stylistically-different tasks. The chapter concludes by discussing
possible reasons for high levels of variation across individuals and
then suggests areas for future research.
Individual differences in the adoption of dialectal features
during study abroad
Authors: Pope Joshua
Published: May 2023

This study examines the use of local dialectal
features by second-language speakers of Spanish who studied abroad
in Madrid, Spain. Participants were interviewed before leaving the
U.S., during their last weeks in Spain, and three months later. They
completed reading and conversational tasks to elicit target
features. Other data were collected through Spanish and English
interviews, diaries, and written interactions. Everyone used at
least one feature, two participants doing so somewhat frequently.
The combination of factors governing variation were unique to each
individual. However, common factors like social network
characteristics, levels of acculturation, and motivations partially
explain feature use. Other factors are important for some
participants. Results highlight individualized experiences during
study abroad.
The versatile classifiervə¹³in Zauzou
Authors: Li Yu
Published: May 2023

This article presents a frequently used versatile classifiervə¹³in the endangered Ngwi language Zauzou. After investigating seven morphosyntactic contexts in whichvə¹³may occur, this classifier exhibits considerable syntactic and semantic overlaps with ordinary classifiers and the inanimate plural quantifier in this language.və¹³is used as the only classifier for unclassified nouns (i.e., some abstract and count nouns) and an alternative classifier for nearly all kinds of ordinary sortal or mensural classifiers for inanimates, especially when the canonical classifier is not known to the speaker. It shares a wide range of distributions with ordinary numeral classifiers and the plural quantifier and parallels these two classes of determiners in marking various referential values in different noun phrases. However,və¹³is semantically special in that it may classify nouns of various semantic classes, including abstract and mass nouns, and is underspecified in number. It is compatible with singular, plural and mass interpretations. The final quantity in the reference must be determined in the context. Moreover,və¹³is a lexical item involved in marking partitives, the function that is not found in ordinary classifiers and the plural quantifier. This study is a systematic description of an under-studied type of versatile classifier, highlighting the internal complexity of a classifier system in Tibeto-Burman languages.
Defining bilingualism as a continuum
Authors: Rothman Jason , Bayram Fatih , DeLuca Vincent , González Alonso Jorge , Kubota Maki , Puig-Mayenco Eloi
Published: May 2023

The measurement of bilingualism is complex but
essential for (psycho)linguistic, cognitive and neural research. In
addition to the conventional group comparison approach, namely
comparing monolinguals to bilinguals, recent research has adopted
continuous or multi-dimensional approaches. The aim of this chapter
is to review a series of tools, including self-report usage and
proficiency measures used in the literature. These tools were used
with samples across the lifespan in North America and Europe. We
further examine the aspects of bilingualism extracted from these
tools. Finally, we outline the limitations of existing bilingual
measurement tools and the need for researchers to justify the choice
of each tool. Importantly, we advocate for taking a more nuanced
understanding of bilingualism beyond individual usage and consider
this experience as fluid, continuous rather than categorical.
Biliteracy
Authors: McBride Catherine , Mohseni Fateme
Published: May 2023

Biliteracy refers to the ability to be able to
read and write in multiple languages. In different parts of the
world, biliteracy and bilingualism may co-occur in some communities,
but disconnect in others. This chapter explores some of the
linguistic aspects associated with bilingualism and biliteracy
focusing on component skills necessary to read in different writing
systems. In addition, we examine cross-linguistic influences in
component literacy skills across first (L1) and second (L2)
languages. The need to understand the converging and diverging
processes to reading in L1 and L2 has potential to inform
instructional practices. Importantly, research on biliteracy is the
first-step in understanding reading difficulty in children who are
bilingual and/or biliterate, a question that has practical
importance for educators around the world.
The effects of bilingualism on cognitive functioning in older
adults
Authors: Craik Fergus I.M.
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the links between
bilingualism and executive control in older adults, with a
particular focus on comparing those with lifelong bilingual
experience to those who do not. While aging is a maturational
process in which people become suboptimal in executive control,
there is observable and documented variability associated with
language experiences. The chapter reviews the literature on
cognitive aging as a maturational process, and its interaction with
bilingualism as a life experience. Although it should be
acknowledged that there is mixed evidence, a body of literature on
bilingualism and cognitive control has suggested that there is an
advantage for bilingual older adults in some executive functions,
such as monitoring, maintaining action goals, and possibly in
working memory.
Role of bilingualism in neurodegenerative disease II
Authors: Voits Toms
Published: May 2023

Over the past decades, bilingualism has emerged
as a potential factor having a significant impact on cognition and
brain structure. Such research typically examines the effects of
bilingualism in healthy children and adults. Conversely, the body of
literature examining bilingualism effects in aging populations
remains comparatively small. This holds especially true with regards
to effects of bilingualism in clinical aging populations. Current
evidence suggests that bilingualism might contribute to delaying the
expression and/or progression of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s
dementia for as much as 5 years. To the extent bilingualism plays an
ameliorative role at all, it seems reasonable to expect that it
would have similar effects for other neurodegenerative disorders.
Nevertheless, relevant studies examining disorders other than
Alzheimer’s Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment are extremely
limited. Despite compelling reasons to the contrary, the few
relevant studies that do exist are not properly linked, nor
appreciated as a meaningful cohort in their own right. Making links
across neurodegenerative disorders and bilingualism, to the extent
possible, serves both practical health-related and
theoretical-oriented needs. This chapter considers whether the
currently available evidence is sufficient to allow for claims of
bilingualism conveying more general protective effects in clinical
aging while identifying gaps in our knowledge and recommending
future work to better understand these proposed links.
The road ahead
Authors: Anderson John A.E. , Grundy John G.
Published: May 2023

The lasting impact of Ellen Bialystok’s research
on bilingualism has been momentous. In this concluding chapter, we
synthesize the arguments and evidence presented in previous chapters
to explain how her impressive contributions have helped inform our
understanding of multilingual experiences, its influence in the
educational system, implications for cognition, and neuroplasticity,
as well as creating a protective barrier against age-related decline
known as “cognitive reserve.” With these insights, we point toward
potential future paths that will expand upon Dr. Bialystok’s
groundbreaking work.
Older adults and companion animal death: A survey of bereavement and disenfranchised grief
Authors: Brown Cary A. , Wilson Donna M. , Carr Eloise , Gross Douglas P. , Miciak Maxi , Wallace Jean E.
Published: May 2023

Background: The number of older adults living with companion animals (pets) is increasing worldwide. While evidence revealing positive relationships between companion animals and healthy aging is well established, there is a dearth of research regarding companion animal death and subsequent human grieving. Some emerging research suggests that grief over companion animal death is often discounted or even unrecognized (disenfranchised) by others. The extent and consequences of disenfranchised grief (DG) are poorly understood. This study deepens our understanding of older adults’ experiences of DG in relation to companion animal death.

Methods: Participants from Alberta, Canada, were recruited through social media platforms to participate in an online questionnaire that collected demographic information and standardized measures of companion animal attachment, bereavement, and DG.

Results: The majority of the 98 participants were between 60 and 70 years of age, female, and living alone. Following their companion animal’s death, 38.1% identified a decrease in physical activity, and 47% reported that their emotional health had declined. One-third identified that they needed to be careful about who they disclosed their grief, as they were not certain that they would be supported. This group had a significantly greater likelihood of perceived decrease in physical health, and they were more likely to score higher on the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire.

Conclusions: This study adds weight to the emergent body of evidence highlighting companion animal bereavement as a legitimate and impactful health and well-being issue. The study found that DG is experienced by a sizable group of older adults following their companion animal’s death and that many participants perceived that socially legitimized recognition of loss and accompanying bereavement resources were lacking. These shortfalls contribute to health risks that negatively affect older adults’ ability to successfully age in the community.
Hydrothermally Obtaining Superconductor Single Crystal of FeSe0.2Te0.8 without Interstitial Fe
Authors: Ma Sheng , Yan Shanshan , Liu Jiali , Wang Yizhe , Zhang Yuhang , Zhao Zhen , Lu Zouyouwei , Li Dong , Liu Yue , Lu Jihu , Zhang Hua , Yang Haitao , Zhou Fang , Li Zian , Dong Xiaoli , Zhao Zhongxian
Published: May 2023

We report a hydrothermal route to remove interstitial excess Fe in non-superconducting iron chalcogenide Fe1+δ
Se1–x
Te
x
single crystals. The extra-Fe-free (δ ∼ 0) FeSe0.2Te0.8 single crystal thus obtained shows bulk superconductivity at T
c ∼ 13.8 K, which is about 2 K higher than the FeSe0.2Te0.8 sample obtained by usual post-annealing process. The upper critical field μ
0
H
c2 is estimated to be ∼ 42.5 T, similar to the annealed FeSe0.2Te0.8. It is surprising to find that the hydrothermal FeSe0.2Te0.8 exhibits a remarkably small isothermal magnetization hysteresis loop at T = 3 K. This yields an extremely low critical current density J
c ∼ 1.1 × 102 A⋅cm−2 (over 100 times smaller than the annealed FeSe0.2Te0.8) and indicates more free vortices in the hydrothermal FeSe0.2Te0.8.
The non-linear perturbation of a black hole by gravitational waves. II. Quasinormal modes and the compactification problem
Authors: Frauendiener J , Stevens C
Published: May 2023

Recently, Friedrich’s generalized conformal field equations (GCFEs) have been implemented numerically and global quantities such as the Bondi energy and the Bondi–Sachs mass loss have been successfully calculated directly on null-infinity. Although being an attractive option for studying global quantities by way of local differential geometrical methods, how viable are the GCFE for study of quantities arising in the physical space-time? In particular, how long can the evolution track phenomena that need a constant proper physical timestep to be accurately resolved? We address this question by studying the curvature oscillations induced on the Schwarzschild space-time by a non-linear gravitational perturbation. For small enough amplitudes, these are the well approximated by the linear quasinormal modes, where each mode rings at a frequency determined solely by the Schwarzschild mass. We find that the GCFE can indeed resolve these oscillations, which quickly approach the linear regime, but only for a short time before the compactification becomes ‘too fast’ to handle numerically.
Monotonicity-based shape reconstruction for an inverse scattering problem in a waveguide
Authors: Arens Tilo , Griesmaier Roland , Zhang Ruming
Published: May 2023

We consider an inverse medium scattering problem for the Helmholtz equation in a closed cylindrical waveguide with penetrable compactly supported scattering objects. We develop novel monotonicity relations for the eigenvalues of an associated modified near field operator, and we use them to establish linearized monotonicity tests that characterize the support of the scatterers in terms of near field observations of the corresponding scattered waves. The proofs of these shape characterizations rely on the existence of localized wave functions, which are solutions to the scattering problem in the waveguide that have arbitrarily large norm in some prescribed region, while at the same time having arbitrarily small norm in some other prescribed region. As a byproduct we obtain a uniqueness result for the inverse medium scattering problem in the waveguide with a simple proof. Some numerical examples are presented to document the potentials and limitations of this approach.
Enhanced total variation minimization for stable image reconstruction
Authors: An Congpei , Wu Hao-Ning , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: May 2023

The total variation (TV) regularization has phenomenally boosted various variational models for image processing tasks. We propose to combine the backward diffusion process in the earlier literature on image enhancement with the TV regularization, and show that the resulting enhanced TV minimization model is particularly effective for reducing the loss of contrast. The main purpose of this paper is to establish stable reconstruction guarantees for the enhanced TV model from noisy subsampled measurements with two sampling strategies, non-adaptive sampling for general linear measurements and variable-density sampling for Fourier measurements. In particular, under some weaker restricted isometry property conditions, the enhanced TV minimization model is shown to have tighter reconstruction error bounds than various TV-based models for the scenario where the level of noise is significant and the amount of measurements is limited. The advantages of the enhanced TV model are also numerically validated by preliminary experiments on the reconstruction of some synthetic, natural, and medical images.