bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraindividual variation in urinary iodine concentrations: effect of adjustment on population distribution using two and three repeated spot urine collections
Authors: Charlton Karen E , Batterham Marijka J , Buchanan Li Min , Mackerras Dorothy
Published: January 2014

Objectives

To determine the effect of adjustment for intraindividual variation on estimations of urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), prevalence of iodine deficiency and population distribution of iodine status.

Setting

Community-dwelling older adults from New South Wales, Australia.

Participants

84 healthy men and women aged 60–95 years were recruited prior to introduction of the mandatory iodine fortification programme.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

UIC data were collected from three spot urine samples, each 1 week apart. Repeated measures analysis of variance were determined between-person (sb) and total (sobs) SDs. Adjusted UIC values were calculated as ((person's UIC−group mean)×(sb/sobs))+group mean, and a corrected UIC distribution was calculated.

Results

The sb/sobsfor using three samples and two samples were 0.83 and 0.79, respectively. Following adjustment for intraindividual variation, the proportion with UIC <50 μg/L reduced from 33% to 19%, while the proportion with UIC ≥100 μg/L changed from 21% to 17%. The 95th centile for UIC decreased from 176 to 136 μg/L. Adjustment by taking averages yielded a lesser degree of contraction in the distribution than the analysis of variance method.

Conclusions

The addition of information about intraindividual variability has potential for increasing the interpretability of UIC data collected to monitor the iodine status of a population.
Seasonal variation in musculoskeletal extremity injuries in school children aged 6–12 followed prospectively over 2.5 years: a cohort study
Authors: Jespersen Eva , Holst René , Franz Claudia , Rexen Christina T , Wedderkopp Niels
Published: January 2014

Objectives

The type and level of physical activity in children vary over seasons and might thus influence the injury patterns. However, very little information is available on the distribution of injuries over the calendar year. This study aims to describe and analyse the seasonal variation in extremity injuries in children.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

10 public schools in the municipality of Svendborg, Denmark.

Participants

A total of 1259 school children aged 6–12 years participating in the Childhood Health, Activity, and Motor Performance School Study Denmark.

Methods

School children were surveyed each week during 2.5 school-years. Musculoskeletal injuries were reported by parents answering automated mobile phone text questions (SMS-Track) on a weekly basis and diagnosed by clinicians. Data were analysed for prevalence and incidence rates over time with adjustments for gender and age.

Results

Injuries in the lower extremities were reported most frequently (n=1049). There was a significant seasonal variation in incidence and prevalence for lower extremity injuries and for lower and upper extremity injuries combined (n=1229). For the upper extremities (n=180), seasonal variation had a significant effect on the risk of prevalence. Analysis showed a 46% increase in injury incidence and a 32% increase in injury prevalence during summer relative to winter for lower and upper extremity injuries combined.

Conclusions

There are clear seasonal differences in the occurrence of musculoskeletal extremity injuries among children with almost twice as high injury incidence and prevalence estimates during autumn, summer and spring compared with winter. This suggests further research into the underlying causes for seasonal variation and calls for preventive strategies to be implemented in order to actively prepare and supervise children before and during high-risk periods.
Self-management support using an Internet-linked tablet computer (the EDGE platform)-based intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for the EDGE-COPD randomised controlled trial
Authors: Farmer Andrew , Toms Christy , Hardinge Maxine , Williams Veronika , Rutter Heather , Tarassenko Lionel
Published: January 2014

Introduction

The potential for telehealth-based interventions to provide remote support, education and improve self-management for long-term conditions is increasingly recognised. This trial aims to determine whether an intervention delivered through an easy-to-use tablet computer can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by providing personalised self-management information and education.

Methods and analysis

The EDGE (sElf management anD support proGrammE) for COPD is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of an Internet-linked tablet computer-based intervention (the EDGE platform) in improving quality of life in patients with moderate to very severe COPD compared with usual care. Eligible patients are randomly allocated to receive the tablet computer-based intervention or usual care in a 2:1 ratio using a web-based randomisation system. Participants are recruited from respiratory outpatient clinics and pulmonary rehabilitation courses as well as from those recently discharged from hospital with a COPD-related admission and from primary care clinics. Participants allocated to the tablet computer-based intervention complete a daily symptom diary and record clinical symptoms using a Bluetooth-linked pulse oximeter. Participants allocated to receive usual care are provided with all the information given to those allocated to the intervention but without the use of the tablet computer or the facility to monitor their symptoms or physiological variables. The primary outcome of quality of life is measured using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD patients (SGRQ-C) baseline, 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcome measures are recorded at these intervals in addition to 3 months.

Ethics and dissemination

The Research Ethics Committee for Berkshire—South Central has provided ethical approval for the conduct of the study in the recruiting regions. The results of the study will be disseminated through peer review publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration

Current controlled trialsISRCTN40367841.
Abnormal breathing of sudden cardiac arrest victims described by laypersons and its association with emergency medical service dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction
Authors: Fukushima Hidetada , Imanishi Masami , Iwami Taku , Seki Tadahiko , Kawai Yasuyuki , Norimoto Kazunobu , Urisono Yasuyuki , Hata Michiaki , Nishio Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Kurumatani Norio , Okuchi Kazuo
Published: January 2014

Background

Current guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) emphasise that emergency medical service (EMS) dispatchers should identify sudden cardiac arrest (CA) with abnormal breathing and assist lay rescuers performing CPR. However, lay rescuers description of abnormal breathing may be inconsistent, and it is unclear how EMS dispatchers provide instruction for CPR based on the breathing status of the CA victims described by laypersons.

Methods and results

To investigate the incidence of abnormal breathing and the association between the EMS dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction and layperson CPR, we retrospectively analysed 283 witnessed CA cases whose information regarding breathing status of CA victims was available from population-based prospective cohort data. In 169 cases (59.7%), laypersons described that the CA victims were breathing in various ways, and that the victims were ‘not breathing’ in 114 cases (40.3%). Victims described as breathing in various ways were provided EMS dispatch-instruction for CPR less frequently than victims described as ‘not breathing’ (27.8% (47/169) vs 84.2% (96/114); p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that EMS dispatch-instruction for CPR was associated significantly with layperson CPR (adjusted OR, 11.0; 95% CI, 5.72 to 21.2).

Conclusions

This population-based study indicates that 60% of CA victims showed agonal respiration, which was described as breathing in various ways at the time of EMS call. Although EMS dispatch-instruction was associated significantly with an increase in layperson CPR, abnormal breathing was associated with a much lower rate of CPR instruction and, in turn, was related to a much lower rate of bystander CPR.
Effects of anthropogenic and environmental stress on the corticosterone levels of wintering Northern Pintails (Anas acuta)
Authors: Taylor D.P. , Vradenburg J.N. , Smith L.M. , Lovern M.B. , McMurry S.T.
Published: January 2014

Winter-specific survival rates for female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta L., 1758; hereafter “Pintails”) at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge were found in a previous study to be low relative to other wintering areas, raising concerns that tourism could be impacting the health of the population. Measurements of corticosterone levels enable the assessment and quantification of human-induced stressors that can ultimately affect fitness. We analyzed corticosterone concentrations and the relationship between body condition and maximum stress-induced corticosterone in areas with and without tourism access. Female Pintails were captured in winters of 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. The corticosterone response was similar between areas with and without tourism, but different between winters. In mid-January 2010, levels were 73% greater after 60 min compared with those in 2009. A greater stress response in mid-January 2010 may have been due to colder temperatures and arriving later and in poorer condition. Also in 2009–2010, there was a negative correlation between carcass fat and maximum corticosterone, possibly in response to colder temperatures, arriving in poorer condition, or a combination of both. Our study indicates that in mid- to late winter, activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis may be higher during winters with comparatively greater environmental hardships, emphasizing the importance of carefully managing waterfowl during periods when they are most sensitive.
IMPROVED DELAY AND PROCESS VARIATION TOLERANT CLOCK TREE NETWORK IN ULTRA-LARGE CIRCUITS USING HYBRID RF/METAL CLOCK ROUTING
Authors: MOHAMMADI-ARFA ZOHRE , JAHANIAN ALI
Published: January 2014

Clock distribution has been a major limitation on delay, power and routing resources in ultra-large nanoscale circuits. Some emerging technologies are proposed to use RF instruments for on-chip clock routing in large chips but they suffer from large power and area overheads. In this paper, a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and metal clock networking architecture corresponding with an efficient RF and metal clock routing is presented which combines the benefits of RF/wireless interconnect and metal/wired connections to reach a reasonable trade-off between RF and metal interconnect technologies. Our experiments show that clock network delay and clock tree congestion is improved by 61% and 40% on average. Moreover, sensitivity of attempted benchmarks to process variation of interconnects is reduced considerably. These improvements are gained at a cost of less than 2% of area overhead and less than 10% power consumption overhead for large circuits. It is shown that overheads are very small for large circuits such that this technology will be completely feasible and reasonable for too large and complex circuits.
Finite p-groups with a minimal non-abelian subgroup of index p (V)
Authors: Qu Haipeng , Zhao Liping , Gao Jin , An Lijian
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we classify finite 2-groups with a unique minimal non-abelian subgroup of index 2. We also classify finite 2-groups with a 2-generator abelian subgroup of index 2. This paper is a part of classification of finite p-groups with a minimal non-abelian subgroup of index p. Together with our previous work, we solved completely a problem proposed by Y. Berkovich.
On cyclic graphs of finite semigroups
Authors: Afkhami M. , Jafarzadeh A. , Khashyarmanesh K. , Mohammadikhah S.
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we define and study the cyclic graph ΓSof a finite semigroup S. We obtain some graph theoretical properties of ΓSincluding its dominating number, independence number and genus of the graph. Then, we study the cyclic graphs Γℤnand ΓGLn(F), where ℤnis the semigroup under multiplicative operation and GLn(F) is the set of all n × n invertible matrices over a finite field F with multiplicative operation.
Mathematical modeling of bacterial cell cycle: The problem of coordinating genome replication with cell growth
Authors: Likhoshvai Vitaly A. , Khlebodarova Tamara M.
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we perform an analysis of bacterial cell-cycle models implementing different strategies to coordinately regulate genome replication and cell growth dynamics. It has been shown that the problem of coupling these processes does not depend directly on the dynamics of cell volume expansion, but does depend on the type of cell growth law. Our analysis has distinguished two types of cell growth laws, "exponential" and "linear", each of which may include both exponential and linear patterns of cell growth. If a cell grows following a law of the "exponential" type, including the exponential V(t) = V0exp (kt) and linear V(t) = V0(1 + kt) dynamic patterns, then the cell encounters the problem of coupling growth rates and replication. It has been demonstrated that to solve the problem, it is sufficient for a cell to have a repressor mechanism to regulate DNA replication initiation. For a cell expanding its volume by a law of the "linear" type, including exponential V(t) = V0+ V1exp (kt) and linear V(t) = V0+ kt dynamic patterns, the problem of coupling growth rates and replication does not exist. In other words, in the context of the coupling problem, a repressor mechanism to regulate DNA replication, and cell growth laws of the "linear" type displays the attributes of universality. The repressor-type mechanism allows a cell to follow any growth dynamic pattern, while the "linear" type growth law allows a cell to use any mechanism to regulate DNA replication.
Increased progression to kidney fibrosis after erythropoietin is used as a treatment for acute kidney injury
Authors: Gobe Glenda C. , Bennett Nigel C. , West Malcolm , Colditz Paul , Brown Lindsay , Vesey David A. , Johnson David W.
Published: January 2014

Treatment of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) reduces acute kidney injury and improves function. We aimed to investigate whether progression to chronic kidney disease associated with acute injury was also reduced by rhEPO treatment, using in vivo and in vitro models. Rats were subjected to bilateral 40-min renal ischemia, and kidneys were studied at 4, 7, and 28 days postreperfusion for renal function, tubular injury and repair, inflammation, and fibrosis. Acute injury was modulated using rhEPO (1,000 or 5,000 IU/kg, intraperitoneally) at the time of reperfusion. Renal tubular epithelial cells or fibroblasts in culture were subjected to hypoxia or oxidative stress, with or without rhEPO (200 IU/ml), and fibrogenesis was studied. The results of the in vivo model confirmed functional and structural improvement with rhEPO at 4 days post-IR ( P < 0.05). At 7 days post-IR, fibrosis and myofibroblast stimulation were increased with IR with and without rhEPO ( P < 0.01). However, at 28 days post-IR, renal fibrosis and myofibroblast numbers were significantly greater with IR plus rhEPO ( P < 0.01) compared with IR only. Mechanistically, rhEPO stimulated profibrotic transforming growth factor-β, oxidative stress (marker 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine), and phosphorylation of the signal transduction protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In vitro, rhEPO protected tubular epithelium from apoptosis but stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and also protected and activated fibroblasts, particularly with oxidative stress. In summary, although rhEPO was protective of renal function and structure in acute kidney injury, the supraphysiological dose needed for renoprotection contributed to fibrogenesis and stimulated chronic kidney disease in the long term.
The effects of expectancy on corticospinal excitability: passively preparing to observe a movement
Authors: Arias Pablo , Robles-García Verónica , Espinosa Nelson , Corral-Bergantiños Yoanna , Mordillo-Mateos Laura , Grieve Kenneth , Oliviero Antonio , Cudeiro Javier
Published: January 2014

The corticospinal tract excitability is modulated when preparing movements. Earlier to movement execution, the excitability of the spinal cord increases waiting for supraspinal commands to release the movement. Movement execution and movement observation share processes within the motor system, although movement observation research has focused on processes later to movement onset. We used single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation on M1 ( n = 12), and electrical cervicomedullary stimulation ( n = 7), to understand the modulation of the corticospinal system during the “preparation” to observe a third person's movement. Subjects passively observed a hand that would remain still or make an index finger extension. The observer's corticospinal excitability rose when “expecting to see a movement” vs. when “expecting to see a still hand.” The modulation took origin at a spinal level and not at the corticocortical networks explored. We conclude that expectancy of seeing movements increases the excitability of the spinal cord.
The Evaluation of Dynamic Airport Competitiveness Based on IDCQGA-BP Algorithm
Authors: Cui Qiang , Kuang Hai-bo , Li Ye
Published: January 2014

Aimed at the multidimensional and complex characteristic of airport competitiveness, a new algorithm is proposed in which BP neural network is optimized by improved double chains quantum genetic algorithm (IDCQGA-BP). The new algorithm is better than existing algorithms in convergence and the diversity of quantum chromosomes. The empirical data of eight airports in Yangtze River Delta in 2011 and 2012 is applied to verify the feasibility of the new algorithm, and then the competitiveness of the eight airports from 2013 to 2015 is gotten through the algorithm. The results show the following. (1) The new algorithm is better than the existing optimization algorithms in the aspects of error accuracy and run time. (2) The gaps of the airports in Yangtze River Delta are narrowing; the competition and cooperation are getting stronger and stronger. (3) The main increase reason of airport competitiveness is the increase of own investment.
Subcutaneous Administration of D-Luciferin is an Effective Alternative to Intraperitoneal Injection in Bioluminescence Imaging of Xenograft Tumors in Nude Mice
Authors: Khalil Ashraf A. , Jameson Mark J. , Broaddus William C. , Chung Theodore D. , Golding Sarah E. , Dever Seth M. , Rosenberg Elisabeth , Valerie Kristoffer
Published: January 2014

Currently, intraperitoneal (IP) injection of D-luciferin is the preferred method of providing substrate for bioluminescence imaging (BLI); however it has a failure rate of 3–10% due to accidental intestinal injection. The present study evaluates the quality of BLI after subcutaneous (SC) injection of D-luciferin and demonstrates the effectiveness of SC injection in anatomically disparate tumor models. Mice bearing luciferase-expressing tumors underwent BLI after SC or IP injection of D-luciferin. The average time to maximal luminescence was 6 min (range 5–9 min) after SC injection and 8 min (range 5–8 min) after IP injection. Within 7 minutes of injection, SC and IP routes yielded similar luminescence in subcutaneous, intracranial, tongue, and lung xenograft tumor models. In a model of combined subcutaneous and intracranial xenografts, SC injection resulted in proportional luminescence at all sites, confirming that preferential delivery of substrate does not occur. While tumors were occasionally not visualized with IP injection, all tumors were visualized reliably with SC injection. Thus, SC injection of D-luciferin is a convenient and effective alternative to IP injection for BLI in nude mice. It may be a preferable approach, particularly for tumors with weaker signals and/or when greater precision is required.
The Effect of Community Exercise Interventions for People with MS Who Use Bilateral Support for Gait
Authors: Hogan Neasa , Kehoe Maria , Larkin Aidan , Coote Susan
Published: January 2014

Background. Mobility limitations are a key feature of MS and 25% will require the use of a walking aid 15 years after diagnosis. Few studies have specifically evaluated the effectiveness of physiotherapy and exercise interventions delivered in the community for those with significant disability.Methods. An assessor blind, block randomised, and controlled study recruited participants who required bilateral assistance for gait and who occasionally used wheelchairs for longer distances. They were randomised to 10 weeks of group physiotherapy (balance and strengthening exercises), individual physiotherapy, yoga group, or a control group.Results. Repeated measures ANOVA found significant time effects for physical component of MSIS-29v2 (f=7.993,P=0.006) and MFIS (f=8.695,P=0.004). The group × time interaction was significant for the BBS (f=4.391,P=0.006). Post hoc analysis revealed no difference between group and individual physiotherapy for BBS. There was no significant difference between groups but the 6MWT improved for individual physiotherapy (P=0.001) and MSIS-29v2 psychological score for group physiotherapy (P=0.005).Discussion. This study found that balance and strengthening exercises, delivered in the community to those with significant mobility limitations, improve balance. The effect on walking endurance and patient-reported outcomes are unclear and warrants further investigation with a larger control group with similar baseline characteristics to the intervention groups.
Multiple Periodic Solutions of a Nonautonomous Plant-Hare Model
Authors: Gao Yongfei , Wong P. J. Y. , Xia Y. H. , Yuan Xiaoqing
Published: January 2014

Based on Mawhin's coincidence degree theory, sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of at leasttwopositive periodic solutions for a plant-hare model with toxin-determined functional response (nonmonotone). Some new technique is used in this paper, because standard arguments in the literature are not applicable.
Optimum Tilt Angle for Photovoltaic Solar Panels in Zomba District, Malawi
Authors: Kamanga B. , Mlatho J. S. P. , Mikeka C. , Kamunda C.
Published: January 2014

A study to determine the optimum tilt angle for installing photovoltaic solar panels in Zomba district, Malawi, has been conducted. The study determined the optimum monthly tilt angles of PV solar panels and the seasonal adjustments needed for the panels in order to collect maximum solar radiation throughout the year. In this study, global solar radiation (GSR) on four tilted surfaces was measured. The north-facing surfaces were titled at angles of 0°, 15°, 20°, and 25°. The GSR data was used to determine the daily and monthly optimum tilt angles for the PV panels. The optimum tilt angles were found to be 0° or 25° depending on the time of the year. From October to February, the optimum tilt angle has been determined to be 0° and, from March to September, the optimum tilt angle is observed to be 25°. There are only two seasonal adjustments that are needed for PV solar panels in Zomba district and these should be carried out at the end of February and at the end of September. For fixed solar panels with no seasonal adjustments, the optimum tilt angle for the PV solar panels that are northfacing has been determined to be 25°.
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Wool Keratin/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blend Nanofibers
Authors: Li Shuai , Yang Xu-Hong
Published: January 2014

Wool keratin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning method in formic acid solutions with different weight ratios of keratin to PVA. The resultant blend nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile test. SEM images showed that the diameter of the blend nanofibers was affected by the content of keratin in blend solution. FTIR and XRD analyses data demonstrated that there were good interactions between keratin and PVA in the blended nanofibers caused by possibly hydrogen bonds. The TGA study revealed that the thermal stability of the blend nanofibers was between those of keratin and PVA. Tensile test indicated that the addition of PVA was able to improve the mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibers.
Two‐Parameter Inversion of Fluid‐Saturated Porous Medium with Niche Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Xin-Ming , Wang Li-Rong
Published: January 2014

Based on the Biot model, we performed the inversion of reservoir parameters with improved niche ant colony algorithms (INACA). In order to overcome the premature problem of inverse process, the improved niche ant colony algorithms are constructed by combining the fitness‐sharing principle which is one of the niche methods with the ant colony algorithm. The numerical results indicate that the relative error of single parameter inversion can be maintained at less than 0.4 percent; particulary, the relative error of porosity is less than 0.02 percent. However, the inversion effect of two‐parameter inversion was found to be slightly weak, but the relative error can still be maintained at less than 7.5 percent. Moreover, the antinoise property of the method was also verified. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that the method is an effective convergent optimization method.
Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid for Adsorption-Photocatalysis Application
Authors: Omar Fatin Saiha , Nay Ming Huang , Hafiz Syed Muhamad , Ngee Lim Hong
Published: January 2014

This work reports on synthesis of zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide (ZnO/rGO) nanocomposites in the presence of diethylenetriamine (DETA) via a facile microwave method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the nanocomposites correspond to the ZnO hexagonal phase wurtzite structure. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed that the ZnO nanorods, with an average length : diameter ratio of 10, were successfully deposited on the rGO sheets. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the nanocomposites showed enhanced adsorption-photocatalysis by more than twofold and photocurrent response by sixfold compared to the ZnO. The excellent photoactivity performance of the nanocomposites is contributed by smaller ZnO nanorod and the presence of rGO that acts as a photosensitizer by transferring electrons to the conduction band of ZnO within the nanocomposite during sunlight illumination.
Production of Fungal Amylases Using Cheap, Readily Available Agriresidues, for Potential Application in Textile Industry
Authors: Singh Shalini , Singh Sanamdeep , Bali Vrinda , Sharma Lovleen , Mangla Jyoti
Published: January 2014

The study aimed at isolation and screening of fungal amylase producer, optimization of solid state fermentation conditions for maximum amylase production by the best amylase producer, and characterization of the crude amylases, so produced.Aspergillus fumigatusNTCC1222 showed the highest amylase activity (164.1 U/mL) in secondary screening under SSF conditions and was selected for further studies. The test strain showed maximum amylase production (341.7 U/mL) and supernatant protein concentration (9.7 mg/mL) for incubation period (6 days), temperature (35°C), initial pH (6.0), nutrient salt solution as moistening agent, and beef extract as nitrogen source. Pomegranate peel produced maximum amylase activity, but wheat bran (only slightly lesser amylase activity as compared to that of pomegranate peel) was chosen for further studies, keeping in mind the seasonal availability of pomegranate peel. TLC confirmed the amylase produced to beα-type and 60 kDa was the molecular weight of the partially purified amylase. The enzyme showed maximum enzyme activity at pH 6.0, temperature of 55°C, and incubation time of 60 minutes. UV (616.0 U/mL) and chemical (814.2 U/mL) mutation enhanced amylase activity as compared to wild test strain. The study indicates thatAspergillus fumigatusNTCC1222 can be an important source of amylase and the crude enzyme, hence obtained, can be cost effectively applied in multiple sections of textile wet processing.
Finite-Time Distributed Energy-to-Peak Control for Uncertain Multiagent Systems
Authors: Chenggang Qu , Xibin Cao , Karimi Hamid Reza , Zhuo Zhang , Zexu Zhang
Published: January 2014

This paper investigates the finite-time distributedL2–L∞consensus control problem of multiagent systems with parameter uncertainties. The relative states of neighboring agents are used to construct the control law and some agents know their own states. By substituting the control input into multiagent systems, an augmented closed-loop system is obtained. Then, we analyze its finite-time boundedness (FTB) and finite-timeL2–L∞performance. A sufficient condition for the existence of the designed controller is given with the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, simulation results are described.
An Audit of Indications, Complications, and Justification of Hysterectomies at a Teaching Hospital in India
Authors: Pandey Deeksha , Sehgal Kriti , Saxena Aashish , Hebbar Shripad , Nambiar Jayaram , Bhat Rajeshwari G.
Published: January 2014

Objective. Aim of this audit was to analyze indications, complications, and correlation of preoperative diagnosis with final histopathology report of all hysterectomies, performed in a premier teaching hospital.Methods. Present study involved all patients who underwent hysterectomy at a premier university hospital in Southern India, in one year (from 1 January, 2012, to 31 December, 2012).Results. Most common surgical approach was abdominal (74.7%), followed by vaginal (17.8%), and laparoscopic (6.6%) hysterectomy. Most common indication for hysterectomy was symptomatic fibroid uterus (39.9%), followed by uterovaginal prolapse (16.3%). Overall complication rate was 8.5%. Around 84% had the same pathology as suspected preoperatively. Only 6 (5 with preoperative diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding and one with high grade premalignant cervical lesion) had no significant pathology in their hysterectomy specimen.Conclusion. Hysterectomy is used commonly to improve the quality of life; however at times it is a lifesaving procedure. As any surgical procedure is associated with a risk of complications, the indication should be carefully evaluated. With the emergence of many conservative approaches to deal with benign gynecological conditions, it is prudent to discuss available options with the patient before taking a direct decision of surgically removing her uterus.
Assessment of the Inhibitory Effect of Rifampicin on Amyloid Formation of Hen Egg White Lysozyme: Thioflavin T Fluorescence Assay versus FTIR Difference Spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Gang , Zhang Hong , Guo Jianhua , Zeng Xiaodan , Hu Xiaoqian , Hao Wenying
Published: January 2014

The inhibitory effect of rifampicin on the amyloid formation of hen egg white lysozyme was assessed with both Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy. We reveal that ThT fluorescence assay gives a false positive result due to rifampicin interference, while FTIR difference spectroscopy provides a reliable assessment. With FTIR, we show that rifampicin only has marginally inhibitory effect. We then propose that FTIR difference spectroscopy can potentially be a convenient method for inhibitor screening in amyloid study.
Walking Recovery after a Hip Fracture: A Prospective Follow-Up Study among Community-Dwelling over 60-Year Old Men and Women
Authors: Salpakoski Anu , Törmäkangas Timo , Edgren Johanna , Sihvonen Sanna , Pekkonen Mika , Heinonen Ari , Pesola Maija , Kallinen Mauri , Rantanen Taina , Sipilä Sarianna
Published: January 2014

Purpose. Recovery of walking outdoors after hip fracture is important for equal participation in the community. The causes of poor recovery are not fully understood. This study investigates recovery of walking outdoors and associated determinants after hip fracture.Methods. A prospective follow-up study, among clinical sample of 81 community-dwelling hip fracture patients over 60 years. Perceived difficulty in walking outdoors and 500 meters was assessed before fracture, at discharge to home (3.2 ± 2.2 weeks after surgery), and on average 6.0 ± 3.3 weeks after discharge. Potential determinants for walking recovery were assessed. Linear latent trajectory model was used to analyse changes during follow-up. Association between walking trajectories and potential determinants was analysed with a logistic regression model.Results. Two trajectories, No-to-minor-difficulty and Catastrophic, were found. Thirty-eight percent of the participants ended up in the Catastrophic trajectory for walking outdoors and 67% for 500 meters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that use of walking aid and indoor falls before fracture and prolonged pain were independently associated with catastrophic decline in both primary outcomes: difficulty in walking outdoors and 500 meters.Conclusions. A large proportion of community-dwelling older people recovering from hip fracture experienced catastrophic decline in outdoor walking. Acknowledging recovery prognoses at early stage enables individualized rehabilitation.
Nonlinear-Model-Based Analysis Methods for Time-Course Gene Expression Data
Authors: Tian Li-Ping , Liu Li-Zhi , Wu Fang-Xiang
Published: January 2014

Microarray technology has produced a huge body of time-course gene expression data and will continue to produce more. Such gene expression data has been proved useful in genomic disease diagnosis and drug design. The challenge is how to uncover useful information from such data by proper analysis methods such as significance analysis and clustering analysis. Many statistic-based significance analysis methods and distance/correlation-based clustering analysis methods have been applied to time-course expression data. However, these techniques are unable to account for the dynamics of such data. It is the dynamics that characterizes such data and that should be considered in analysis of such data. In this paper, we employ a nonlinear model to analyse time-course gene expression data. We firstly develop an efficient method for estimating the parameters in the nonlinear model. Then we utilize this model to perform the significance analysis of individually differentially expressed genes and clustering analysis of a set of gene expression profiles. The verification with two synthetic datasets shows that our developed significance analysis method and cluster analysis method outperform some existing methods. The application to one real-life biological dataset illustrates that the analysis results of our developed methods are in agreement with the existing results.
Improving Participant Adherence in Clinical Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zheng Wenke , Chang Bai , Chen Jing
Published: January 2014

Ensuring good participant adherence in clinical trials plays an important role in that poor adherence may jeopardize the internal validity of the trial. Improving adherence in clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been a concern for Chinese researchers who are conducting clinical trials. Drawing on from our past experiences in managing patient adherence in large‐scale clinical trials, we identified factors that influence adherence and categorized them by sources into factors with respect to the trial protocol, on the part of the patients and the investigators. On this basis, we developed a series of ways to improve participants’ adherence, while taking into account the characteristics of TCM trials, in the hope of providing reference for peer clinical researchers.
The Work behind Weight-Loss Surgery: A Qualitative Analysis of Food Intake after the First Two Years Post-Op
Authors: Geraci Angela A. , Brunt Ardith , Marihart Cindy
Published: January 2014

Purpose. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. and has nearly doubled worldwide since 1980. Bariatric surgery is on the rise, but little focus has been placed on the psychosocial impacts of surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery at least two years before to gain an understanding of the successes and challenges they have faced since surgery. Methods. This study used a phenomenological approach, to investigate the meaning and essence of bariatric patients with food after surgery. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on a sample of nine participants who had undergone surgery at least two years prior. Findings. Two main themes regarding food intake emerged from the data: (a) food after the first year post-surgery and (b) bariatric surgery is not a magic pill. Upon further analysis, food after the first year post-surgery had four subthemes emerge: diet adherence after the first year post-surgery, food intolerances, amount of food, and tendencies toward coping with food do not magically disappear. Conclusion. Findings revealed that post-operative diet and exercise adherence becomes increasingly difficult as weight loss slows. Many participants find that only after the first year after surgery the work really begins.
Vitamin D Status in Migraine Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zandifar Alireza , Masjedi Samaneh sadat , Banihashemi Mahboobeh , Asgari Fatemeh , Manouchehri Navid , Ebrahimi Homa , Haghdoost Faraidoon , Saadatnia Mohammad
Published: January 2014

Background. There have been few studies on the relation between vitamin D and migraine. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in migraine patients and compared it with a control group. We also evaluated the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with severity of migraine.Methods. 105 newly diagnosed migraine patients and 110 controls, matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, education, and sun exposure, were enrolled during the spring of 2011. 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] plasma levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay.Results. The mean ± SE concentration of 25(OH)D was13.55±0.91 ng/mL in cases and13.19±1.19 ng/mL in controls. There was no significant difference in 25(OH)D concentration between cases and controls. We found no relationship between severity of headache and 25(OH)D status.Conclusions. We did not find any association between migraine and vitamin D status; also, severity of headaches was not related to 25(OH)D level. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our results.
Silicon Promotes Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Enhances Salinity Tolerance ofAjuga multifloraBunge by Altering Activity of Antioxidant Enzyme
Authors: Sivanesan Iyyakkannu , Jeong Byoung Ryong
Published: January 2014

We investigated the effect of Si concentration on shoot regeneration and salinity tolerance ofAjuga multiflora. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased the frequency of shoot induction. The average number of shoots regenerated per explant decreased on the medium containing NaCl alone, while there was less decrease when the shoot induction medium was supplemented with both NaCl and Si. The shoot induction percentage increased linearly with increasing concentration of Si in the NaCl containing medium. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased SOD, POD, APX, and CAT activity in regenerated shoot buds as compared with the control. The inclusion of Si to the NaCl containing medium significantly increased the SOD activity in leaves and roots, while it decreased POD, APX, and CAT activity in both organs. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that there are no distinct differences in the structure of stomata between the control and Si-treated plants. However, NaCl treatment significantly affected the structure and number of stomata as compared to the control. Wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the high Si deposition in trichomes of plants grown in the Si containing medium but not in plants grown in the medium without Si.
Origins and Evolution of WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Protein Family in Plant Kingdom
Authors: Lian Gaibin , Ding Zhiwen , Wang Qin , Zhang Dabing , Xu Jie
Published: January 2014

WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) is a large group of transcription factors specifically found in plants. WOX members contain the conserved homeodomain essential for plant development by regulating cell division and differentiation. However, the evolutionary relationship of WOX members in plant kingdom remains to be elucidated. In this study, we searched 350 WOX members from 50 species in plant kingdom. Linkage analysis of WOX protein sequences demonstrated that amino acid residues 141–145 and 153–160 located in the homeodomain are possibly associated with the function of WOXs during the evolution. These 350 members were grouped into 3 clades: the first clade represents the conservative WOXs from the lower plant algae to higher plants; the second clade has the members from vascular plant species; the third clade has the members only from spermatophyte species. Furthermore, among the members ofArabidopsis thalianaandOryza sativa, we observed ubiquitous expression of genes in the first clade and the diversified expression pattern ofWOXgenes in distinct organs in the second clade and the third clade. This work provides insight into the origin and evolutionary process of WOXs, facilitating their functional investigations in the future.
A Mathematical Design of Genetic Operators on GLn(ℤ2)
Authors: Yoon Yourim , Kim Yong-Hyuk
Published: January 2014

We study the space that consists of all nonsingular binary matrices, that is, GLn(ℤ2). The space is quite important in that it is used for the change of basis in binary representation, which is the encoding typically adopted in genetic algorithms. We analyze the properties of GLn(ℤ2) and theoretically design possible encodings and their corresponding recombination operators for evolutionary algorithms. We present approaches based on elementary matrices
of linear algebra as well as typical two‐dimensional ones.
Connectomics: A New Direction in Research to Understand the Mechanism of Acupuncture
Authors: Sun Ruirui , Yang Yue , Li Zhengjie , Li Ying , Cheng Shirui , Zeng Fang
Published: January 2014

Acupuncture has been used to treat various disorders in China and some other eastern countries for thousands of years. Nowadays, acupuncture is gradually accepted as an alternative and complementary method in western countries for its undeniable therapeutic effects. However, its central mechanism is still unclear. It is especially difficult to reveal how different regions in the brain influence one another and how the relationship is among these regions responding to acupuncture treatment. Recently, by applying neuroimaging techniques and network theory, acupuncture studies can make further efforts to investigate the influence of acupuncture on regional cerebral functional connectivity (FC) and the modulation on “acupuncture‐related” networks. Connectomics appears to be a new direction in research to further understand the central mechanism underlying acupuncture. In this paper, an overview of connectomics application in acupuncture research will be discussed, with special emphasis on present findings of acupuncture and its influence on cerebral FC. Firstly, the connectomics concept and its significance on acupuncture will be outlined. Secondly, the commonly used brain imaging techniques will be briefly introduced. Thirdly, the influence of acupuncture on FC will be discussed in greater detail. Finally, the possible direction in forthcoming research will be reviewed by analyzing the limitation of present studies.
Fuzzy Stabilization for Nonlinear Discrete Ship Steering Stochastic Systems Subject to State Variance and Passivity Constraints
Authors: Chang Wen-Jer , Huang Bo-Jyun , Chen Po-Hsun
Published: January 2014

For nonlinear discrete‐time stochastic systems, a fuzzy controller design methodology is developed in this paper subject to state variance constraint and passivity constraint. According to fuzzy model based control technique, the nonlinear discrete‐time stochastic systems considered in this paper are represented by the discrete‐time Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models with multiplicative noise. Employing Lyapunov stability theory, upper bound covariance control theory, and passivity theory, some sufficient conditions are derived to find parallel distributed compensation based fuzzy controllers. In order to solve these sufficient conditions, an iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm is applied based on the linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, the fuzzy stabilization problem for nonlinear discrete ship steering stochastic systems is investigated in the numerical example to illustrate the feasibility and validity of proposed fuzzy controller design method.
Response Analysis of Frame Supporting Structure of Slope under Harmonic Vibration
Authors: Duan Jian , Yan Zhi-xin , Guo Rui-jian , Ren Zhi-hua
Published: January 2014

Based on certain assumptions, the dynamic mechanical model for frame supporting structure of slope is established, the dynamic equilibrium governing equation for vertical beam under forced vibration is derived, and hence its analytical solutions to harmonic forced vibration are obtained. What is more, the finite difference format and corresponding calculation procedure for vertical beam under forced vibration are given and programmed by using MATLAB language. In the case studies, comparative analyses have been performed to the response of vertical beam under horizontal harmonic forced vibration by using different calculating methods and with anchoring system damping effect neglected or considered. As a result, the feasibility, correctness, and characteristics of different methods can be revealed and the horizontal forced vibration law of vertical beam can be unveiled as well.
Heme Consumption Reduces Hepatic Triglyceride and Fatty Acid Accumulation in a Rat Model of NAFLD Fed Westernized Diet
Authors: Tang Soon Yew , Cheah Irwin Kee M. , Ng Pei Ern , Hoi Aina , Jenner Andrew M.
Published: January 2014

Studies have identified that serum-free hemoglobin subunits correlate positively with the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of hemoglobin in the development of NAFLD remains unclear. In the present study, a rat model of NAFLD was developed, using a westernized diet high in saturated fat and refined sugar. Since a “westernized” diet is also high in red meat, we tested the effect of hemoglobin as a dietary source of heme in our model. Sprague-Dawley rats were fedad libitumfor 4 weeks either control diet (7% fat), westernized diet (WD, 18% fat + 1% cholesterol), hemoglobin diet (7% fat + 2.5% Hb), or westernized and hemoglobin diet (18% fat + 1% cholesterol + 2.5% Hb). Rats fed WD developed features of NAFLD, including insulin resistance and accumulation of liver fatty acids in the form of triglycerides, increased lipid peroxidation (F2-Isoprostanes), and liver fibrotic marker (hydroxyproline). Hemoglobin consumption significantly influenced several biomarkers of NAFLD and hepatic biochemistry, suggesting a possible interaction with diet and/or liver lipid pathways. The complex mechanisms of interaction between WD and hemoglobin in our rat model warrants further studies to examine the role of dietary heme on NAFLD.