bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting Industrial‐Level CO2 Electroreduction of N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers with Confined Tin‐Nitrogen Active Sites via Accelerating Proton Transport Kinetics
Authors: Hu Xiangzhao , Liu Yingnan , Cui Wenjun , Yang Xiaoxuan , Li Jiantong , Zheng Sixing , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Sang Xiahan , Li Yuanyuan , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang
Published: November 2022

The development of highly efficient robust electrocatalysts with low overpotential and industrial‐level current density is of great significance for CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER), however the low proton transport rate during the CO2ER remains a challenge. Herein, a porous N‐doped carbon nanofiber confined with tin‐nitrogen sites (Sn/NCNFs) catalyst is developed, which is prepared through an integrated electrospinning and pyrolysis strategy. The optimized Sn/NCNFs catalyst exhibits an outstanding CO2ER activity with the maximum CO FE of 96.5%, low onset potential of −0.3 V, and small Tafel slope of 68.8 mV dec−1. In a flow cell, an industrial‐level CO partial current density of 100.6 mA cm−2 is achieved. In situ spectroscopic analysis unveil the isolated SnN site acted as active center for accelerating water dissociation and subsequent proton transport process, thus promoting the formation of intermediate *COOH in the rate‐determining step for CO2ER. Theoretical calculations validate pyrrolic N atom adjacent to the SnN active species assisted reducing the energy barrier for *COOH formation, thus boosting the CO2ER kinetics. A Zn‐CO2 battery is designed with the cathode of Sn/NCNFs, which delivers a maximum power density of 1.38 mW cm−2 and long‐term stability.
Revealing the Intrinsic Uneven Electrochemical Reactions of Li Metal Anode in Ah‐Level Laminated Pouch Cells
Authors: Duan Xiangrui , Wang Lingyue , Li Guocheng , Liu Xueting , Wan Mintao , Du Junmou , Zhan Renming , Wang Wenyu , Li Yuanjian , Tu Shuibin , Shen Yue , Seh Zhi Wei , Wang Li , Sun Yongming
Published: November 2022

The uneven electrochemical reactions of lithium (Li) metal anode is one of the main reasons that hinder its application in rechargeable high energy density batteries. Great progress has been achieved in homogenizing electrochemical reactions of Li metal anode in lab‐scale coin cells, however, it cannot be directly applied to pouch cells, where undesirable defects or side reactions are significantly aggravated. With carbonate electrolyte, multi‐layered negative and positive electrodes (8 × 11 cm), 1.2 Ah sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN)||Li pouch cell lost all its capacity after 40 cycles under a current of 600 mA, although its counterpart with coin cell configuration showed much higher capacity retention of 94% under the same test condition. Severe corrosion with uneven, porous, dendritic Li deposits is observed for pristine Li electrode in a pouch cell, especially in the near‐tap and the central regions with close connection with the current collector due to the locally amplified current densities. In contrast, Li/Li–Sn alloy composite electrode displays uniform and dense Li plating behavior over the entire test area with significantly suppressed parasitic reactions and gas evolution. As such, a 1.2 Ah SPAN||Li/Li–Sn cell displays much higher capacity retention than SPAN||Li cell (87% for 100 cycles vs. 0 for 40 cycles).
An Organic Electrochemical Transistor Integrated Photodetector for High Quality Photoplethysmogram Signal Acquisition
Authors: Zhong Yizhou , Koklu Anil , Villalva Diego Rosas , Zhang Yongcao , Hernandez Luis Huerta , Moser Maximilian , Hallani Rawad K. , McCulloch Iain , Baran Derya , Inal Sahika
Published: November 2022

The organic photodiode (OPD) is a promising building block for solution‐processable, flexible, lightweight, and miniaturized photodetectors, ideal for wearable applications. Despite the advances in materials used in OPDs, their photocurrent and light responsivity are limited, and alternative methods are required to boost the signal response. Herein, a miniaturized organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is integrated with an OPD module to unlock the potential of OPDs to acquire physiological signals. In this integrated photodetector (IPD) system, the light intensity regulates the OPD voltage output that modulates the OECT channel current. The high transconductance of the OECT provides efficient voltage‐to‐current conversion, enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio on the sensing site. A microscale, p‐type enhancement‐mode OECT with high gm and fast switching speed performs better in this application than depletion‐mode OECT of the same geometry. The IPD achieves a photocurrent and responsivity 318 and 140 times higher than the standalone OPD, respectively. It is shown that with the IPD, the amplitude of the photoplethysmogram signals detected by the OPD is enhanced by a factor of 2.9 × 103, highlighting its potential as a wearable biosensor and to detect weak, often uncaptured, light‐based signals from living systems.
A Universal Graphene‐Selenide Heterostructured Reservoir with Elevated Polysulfide Evolution Efficiency for Pragmatic Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Wang Menglei , Zhu Yujie , Sun Yingjie , Zhao Yu , Yang Xianzhong , Wang Xiaojing , Song Yingze , Ci Haina , Sun Jingyu
Published: November 2022

The practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries has been handicapped by the notorious polysulfide shuttling and sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Although the functional modification of separator is readily proposed as an effective strategy to optimize the Li–S redox reactions, the excessive material dosage and invalid structural design still result in inferior electrocatalyst utilization. Herein, generic graphene‐metal selenide heterostructures (Gr‐MxSey, M = Mo, W, Mn, Cu and Zn) are controllably grown on commercial glass fiber (GF) separator employing a sequential low‐temperature chemical vapor deposition procedure. Such a tailored reservoir can not only render ample active sites but also realize the synergy of polar and catalytic framework, which maximizes the electrochemical functions in alleviating shuttle effect and guiding Li2S nucleation/decomposition. The thus‐derived Gr‐MxSey/GF separator affording favorable heatproof feature endows the Li–S battery with an outstanding cycling stability (100% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 0.2 C). Furthermore, the flexible Li–S pouch cell based on this new separator delivers good device performance (with a capacity decay of 0.25% per cycle over 100 cycles). This study offers comprehensive insight into the reliable separator design toward working Li–S batteries.
An Organic Electro‐Mechanical Cavity Emitting Efficiently Tunable, Continuous‐Wave‐Pumped Nonlinear‐Optical Modes
Authors: Mitetelo Nikolai , Ravi Jada , Mondal Subrata , Venkataramudu Uppari , Mamonov Evgeniy , Popov Mikhail , Maydykovskiy Anton , Vaitheeswaran Ganapathy , Murzina Tatiana , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: November 2022

Organic polar crystals are a promising material platform for achieving unique nonlinear nanophotonic properties. Mainly, tunable second‐harmonic generation (SHG) with continuous‐wave (CW) pump sources is considered as breakthrough technology for optical switching, actuation, sensing, chip‐integrated coherent light sources, and low‐threshold tunable microlasers. Here, the discovery of tunable CW SHG in a polar (non‐centrosymmetric) electro‐mechanical microcrystal cavity of 4‐(4‐(methylthio)phenyl)‐2,6‐di(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (UOH1) is demonstrated. As a result of total internal reflection in mirror‐like light‐reflecting facets and its high second‐order nonlinear susceptibility, the octahedron‐shaped cavities exhibit both bright femtosecond and CW‐pumped SHG with coherent whispering gallery mode (WGM) and bow‐tie‐like (BT) optical modes excited in its spectrum. Moreover, for an external dc electric field of about 23 kV cm−1 the microcavity displays 0.18 nm resonant wavelength peak shift in the second harmonic signal due to electrostriction (strain effect).
Modulating Nanozyme‐Based Nanomachines via Microenvironmental Feedback for Differential Photothermal Therapy of Orthotopic Gliomas
Authors: Yin Na , Wang Yinghui , Huang Ying , Cao Yue , Jin Longhai , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Tianqi , Song Shuyan , Liu Xiaogang , Zhang Hongjie
Published: November 2022

Gliomas are common and refractory primary tumors closely associated with the fine structures of the brain. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has recently shown promise as an effective treatment for gliomas. However, nonspecific accumulation of photothermal agents may affect adjacent normal brain structures, and the inflammatory response induced during PTT may result in an increased risk of brain tumor recurrence or metastasis. Here, the design and fabrication of an intelligent nanomachine is reported based on Gd2O3@Ir/TMB‐RVG29 (G@IT‐R) hybrid nanomaterials. These nanomaterials enable tumor‐specific PTT and eliminate inflammation to protect normal brain tissue. The mechanism involves the rabies virus glycopeptide‐29 peptide (RVG29) passing through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and targeting gliomas. In the tumor microenvironment, Ir nanozymes can act as logic control systems to trigger chromogenic reaction amplification of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for tumor‐specific PTT, whereas in normal brain tissues, they scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by poor therapy and function as protective agents. Autophagy inhibition of Gd2O3 enables excellent photothermal therapeutic effects on orthotopic gliomas and protection against inflammation in normal cells. The results of this study may prove useful in developing highly efficient nanomedicines for glioma treatment.
Rheological and mechanical behavior of non‐spherical poly(lactic acid) particles embedded poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blend
Authors: Chung Hye Young , Hong Joung Sook , Ahn Kyung Hyun
Published: November 2022

In this study, the poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)(PBAT) blend is investigated to improve rheological and mechanical performances of PBAT based on rheological, mechanical, and thermal behavior analyses. The multi‐step mixing method is developed to fabricate the blend with non‐spherical morphology. In the multi‐step mixing method, blends with a wide composition range (25/75–75/25) are mixed with additional PBAT at a mixing temperature between the melting temperatures of PBAT and PLA to produce the PBAT blend embedded with non‐spherical PLA particles (10 wt%). The embedding of non‐spherical PLA particles in PBAT increases the resistance against deformation, resulting in strain hardening behavior and an increase in the yield strength as well as the tear resistance of the PBAT. The presence of stiff PLA particles enhances the crystallization behavior of PBAT, meaning that polymer chains may interpenetrate. The findings of this study suggest that the multi‐step mixing method is beneficial for embedding non‐spherical PLA particles into a PBAT matrix, which in turn facilitates the maintenance of good interfacial adhesion to increase the melt strength, yield strength, and tear resistance.
Study on preparation and anticorrosive performance of a new high hydrophobic anticorrosive coating
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Xiangdong , Liu Zhongyuan , Zhang Lanhe , Zhao Yue , Li Yuanchun , Shao Chen , Ren Junlian
Published: November 2022

Water‐based anticorrosive coatings have poor water resistance, which easily lead to coating deterioration and metal corrosion. In order to improve the anticorrosion performance of waterborne coating, herein, the polytetrafluoroethylene/dimethyl siloxane/epoxy resin (PTFE/PDMS/EP) hydrophobic anticorrosive coating was prepared by layer‐by‐layer construction. The spatial structure and microscopic morphology of the hydrophobic coating were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the composite coating were analyzed by hydrophobicity test, electrochemical polarization curve, hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance test of the mixed layer, Tafel polarization curves, and AC impedance spectrum. The results showed that the water contact angle of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating reached 141° and the protection efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating was 98.62%. After soaking for 7 days, the corrosion process still stays at the initial stage, which was mainly due to the good sealing and barrier properties and high anticorrosion efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating. The coating has high corrosion protection efficiency and long service life, which is of great significance to metal corrosion protection in harsh marine environments.
Flexible supercapacitors toward wearable energy storage devices
Authors: Muniraj Vedi Kuyil Azhagan , Srinivasa Madhusudana Koratikere , Yoo Hyun Deog
Published: November 2022

The expeditiously growing wearable, thin, and flexible electronics have created a great demand for futuristic miniaturized charge storage devices. As power sources, flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) have received huge attraction because of their reliability, compatibility, and safety within the integrated lightweight consumer device applications. Along with high specific power and durability, the FSC provides a novel platform that inspires creative applications. Thereupon, the FSCs have become one of the most favorable candidates for energy storage in various forms such as skin patches or printed/wearable fabrics that can be used in medical examination. In this review, we focus on the current progress in the development of flexible electrode materials and scalable fabrication processes for FSC devices. Prospects in developing new approaches toward improved energy and power densities are highlighted.
Classical Ehlers–Danlos syndrome with severe kyphoscoliosis due to a novel pathogenic variant of COL5A2
Authors: Foy Malika , de Mazancourt Philippe , Bremond Gignac Dominique , Gillas Fabrice , Trigui Nawel , Mekki Ahmed , Carlier Robert , Benistan Karelle
Published: November 2022

We described a novel de novo missense variant of the gene encoding Collagen alpha‐2(V) chain, associated with the classical Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (cEDS) (OMIM#130010), in a 14‐year‐old patient who presented with congenital and severe scoliosis, muscle hypotonia, ocular manifestations, and no atrophic scaring. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of cEDS.
Submucosal administration of dexamethasone for dental implant surgery
Authors: Flanagan Dennis
Published: November 2022

Dexamethasone can reduce post‐operative pain and swelling. An appropriate administration of dexamethasone for dental surgical procedures may be local submucosal infiltration. Local delivery may produce a faster onset with more drug at the desired site of action. A single submucosal dose will unlikely produce side effects.
Ultrasound‐assisted management of filler‐related complications: Report of a successful treatment of delayed‐onset nodules related to polycaprolactone‐based filler
Authors: Shekarriz Pantea , Shojaee Pardis
Published: November 2022

A 60‐year‐old woman underwent polycaprolactone‐based filler injection in her midface. Four months later, she developed progressive swelling of midface after a self‐limiting viral gastroenteritis. The diagnosis was “delayed‐onset immune‐mediated nodule formation triggered by a virus.” Ultrasonography enabled us to efficiently treat her with a tailored intralesional corticosteroid injection method.
Isolated unilateral absence of adult pulmonary artery
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Nakano Yasuhiro , Otsuka Fumio
Published: November 2022

Isolated unilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital malformation. We describe a 26‐year‐old woman with isolated UAPA who presented with hemoptysis. Since massive hemoptysis may mandate selective embolization of collaterals or surgical treatment, early diagnosis of UAPA is pivotal.
Pena–Shokeir syndrome's first case report from Syria
Authors: Almoshantaf Mohammad Badr , Alibrahim Hidar , Bohsas Haidara , Alabdo Shorouk , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Swed Sarya
Published: November 2022

Pena–Shokeir syndrome is considered to be a fatal congenital condition that is rarely diagnosed in neonates. We present the first‐ever reported case of Pena–Shokeir syndrome from Syria. Clinical assessment and early prenatal diagnosis are both needed to give the mother and baby more realistic options.
Cellulose‐Phytic Acid Composite Complexed Ru Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation to Free Formic Acid
Authors: Wang Ying , Zeng Wei , Zhao Yanfei , Tang Minhao , Chang Xiaoqian , Xu Yueting , Li Rongxiang , Liu Zhimin
Published: November 2022

The CO2 hydrogenation to free formic acid is an interesting topic, and low‐cost and high‐performance catalysts are highly desirable. This work presents a simple and green strategy to prepare high‐performance Ru catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation using cellulose and phytic acid composite (CPC) as support to complex with Ru(III). The CPC support prepared with assistance of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride exhibits porous structure with abundant free −OH and −PO4 groups that can complex with Ru(III). The CPC complexed Ru catalyst (e. g., CPC‐Ru‐1) showed much higher activity for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid in 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium acetate than the reported heterogeneous Ru catalysts. Especially, CPC‐Ru‐1 with 0.094 wt% Ru afforded formic acid in selectivity >99 % with a turnover number around 1.8×104 and an initial production rate of 15.21 mol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 within the first 2 h at 120 °C. This catalyst is recyclable and stable without obvious activity loss after 5 runs.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by a De Novo Designed Metalloprotein that Undergoes Ni‐Mediated Oligomerization Shift
Authors: Prasad Pallavi , Hunt Leigh Anna , Pall Ashley E. , Ranasinghe Maduni , Williams Ashley E. , Stemmler Timothy L. , Demeler Borries , Hammer Nathan I. , Chakraborty Saumen
Published: November 2022

De novo metalloprotein design involves the construction of proteins guided by specific repeat patterns of polar and apolar residues, which, upon self‐assembly, provide a suitable environment to bind metals and produce artificial metalloenzymes. While a wide range of functionalities have been realized in de novo designed metalloproteins, the functional repertoire of such constructs towards alternative energy‐relevant catalysis is currently limited. Here we show the application of de novo approach to design a functional H2 evolving protein. The design involved the assembly of an amphiphilic peptide featuring cysteines at tandem a/d sites of each helix. Intriguingly, upon NiII addition, the oligomers shift from a major trimeric assembly to a mix of dimers and trimers. The metalloprotein produced H2 photocatalytically with a bell‐shape pH dependence, having a maximum activity at pH 5.5. Transient absorption spectroscopy is used to determine the timescales of electron transfer as a function of pH. Selective outer sphere mutations are made to probe how the local environment tunes activity. A preferential enhancement of activity is observed via steric modulation above the NiII site, towards the N‐termini, compared to below the NiII site towards the C‐termini.
Promoting weight loss and psychological well‐being in patients with obesity: A sequential combination of behavioural lifestyle intervention and well‐being therapy
Authors: Zhu Boheng , Gostoli Sara , Benasi Giada , Patierno Chiara , Petroni Maria Letizia , Nuccitelli Chiara , Marchesini Giulio , Fava Giovanni A. , Rafanelli Chiara
Published: November 2022

Behavioural lifestyle interventions focused on diet and physical activity are a cornerstone for the treatment of obesity. However, their effects vary substantially across individuals in terms of magnitude and durability. Personalized approaches that target psychological well‐being may be promising to facilitate healthy behaviours and sustained weight loss. This preliminary study aimed to explore whether the sequential combination of behavioural lifestyle intervention (BLI) and well‐being therapy (WBT) may result in more favourable outcomes than BLI alone in promoting weight loss (primary outcome) and improving psychological well‐being, distress, dietary behaviours and physical activity (secondary outcomes). A total of 83 patients with obesity were randomly assigned to BLI/WBT (N = 38) or BLI group (N = 45). The BLI group received a 12‐week behavioural weight loss programme, whereas the BLI/WBT group received the same programme followed by an additional 4‐week WBT, adapted for group interventions. Data were collected at pretreatment (baseline, T1), at the end of BLI/WBT (T2), at 6‐month (T3) and 12‐month (T4) follow‐ups. There was a significant weight loss in both treatment groups at T2, T3 and T4. The BLI/WBT group showed greater improvements in depressive symptoms at T3 and T4, in autonomy at T2, in personal growth at T4 and in global well‐being at T4 compared with BLI group. WBT yielded no additional effect on weight loss. However, the secondary outcomes indicate that WBT may have enduring effects that reduce vulnerability to psychological distress in patients with obesity. In order to confirm these preliminary findings and explore whether a more intensive and individualized WBT can foster sustained weight loss, future studies are needed.
Quality Control Procedures for Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Truong Van Q. , Woerner Jakob A. , Cherlin Tess A. , Bradford Yuki , Lucas Anastasia M. , Okeh Chelsea C. , Shivakumar Manu K. , Hui Daniel H. , Kumar Rachit , Pividori Milton , Jones S. Chris , Bossa Abigail C. , Turner Stephen D. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Verma Shefali S.
Published: November 2022

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are being conducted at an unprecedented rate in population‐based cohorts and have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of many complex diseases. Regardless of the context, the practical utility of this information ultimately depends upon the quality of the data used for statistical analyses. Quality control (QC) procedures for GWAS are constantly evolving. Here, we enumerate some of the challenges in QC of genotyped GWAS data and describe the approaches involving genotype imputation of a sample dataset along with post‐imputation quality assurance, thereby minimizing potential bias and error in GWAS results. We discuss common issues associated with QC of the GWAS data (genotyped and imputed), including data file formats, software packages for data manipulation and analysis, sex chromosome anomalies, sample identity, sample relatedness, population substructure, batch effects, and marker quality. We provide detailed guidelines along with a sample dataset to suggest current best practices and discuss areas of ongoing and future research. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Small Interfering RNA Delivery Into Primary Human Natural Killer Cells for Functional Gene Analyses
Authors: Momayyezi Pouria , Malmberg Karl‐Johan , Hammer Quirin
Published: November 2022

Studying gene functions in human natural killer (NK) cells is key for advancing the understanding of NK cell biology and holds promise to pave the way for improving NK cell therapies against cancer. However, NK cells are challenging to manipulate, and investigation of gene functions in NK cells is hampered by variable delivery efficiencies and impaired viability upon electroporation, lipofection, or viral transduction. Here, we report a simple workflow for delivery of commercially available small interfering RNA molecules into primary human NK cells to enable functional gene analyses. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Enrichment of natural killer cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of small interfering RNA

Basic Protocol 3: Delivery of small interfering RNA into natural killer cells

Support Protocol 1: Isolation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from buffy coats

Support Protocol 2: Thawing and recovery of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Support Protocol 3: Evaluation of natural killer cell purity following magnetic enrichment

Support Protocol 4: Exemplary assessment of knockdown efficiency
Mechanochemistry Milling of Waste Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) into Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: He Panpan , Hu Zhen , Dai Zhikun , Bai Huiying , Fan Zifen , Niu Ran , Gong Jiang , Zhao Qiang , Tang Tao
Published: November 2022

Converting poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as a promising innovation for upcycling of waste plastics. However, previous solvothermal methods suffer from toxic solvent consumption, long reaction time, high pressure, and high temperature. Herein, a mechanochemical milling strategy was reported to transform waste PET into a series of MOFs with high yields. This strategy had the merits of solvent‐free conditions, ambient reaction temperature, short running time, and easy scale‐up for large‐scale production of MOFs. The as‐prepared MOFs exhibited definite crystal structure and porous morphology composed of agglomerated nanoparticles. It was proven that, under mechanochemical milling, PET was firstly decomposed into 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, which acted as linkers to coordinate with metal ions for forming fragments, followed by the gradual arrangement of fragments into MOFs. This work not only promotes high value‐added conversion of waste polyesters but also offers a new opportunity to produce MOFs in a green and scalable manner.
Modeling and implementation of a novel active voltage balancing circuit using deep recurrent neural network with dropout regularization
Authors: Noohi Mostafa , Faraji Amin , Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza , Mirvakili Ali , Moftakharzadeh Ali
Published: November 2022

Recurrent neural networks (RNN) emerged as powerful tools to model and analyze the nonlinear behavior of electronic circuits accurately and quickly. Efforts to improve the accuracy of RNN will lead to the design of better‐quality products, which is essential in various fields such as the design of energy harvesting (EH) systems. EH techniques can provide the electrical energy needed for low‐power electronics without the need for a battery or with minimal dependency. Due to the importance of the active voltage balancing circuit in EH systems, we have proposed a new macromodeling method called dropout local‐feedback deep recurrent neural network (Dropout‐LFDRNN) to model and analyze this circuit along with two other nonlinear circuits as examples. This technique is an advance over the LFDRNN macromodeling method, and based on the obtained results from the measurements, we were able to build a fast macromodel for the active balancing circuit, which outperforms conventional deep recurrent neural network modeling method in terms of accuracy without sacrificing speed. It is worth mentioning that this proposed technique in this paper can be considered a viable approach for modeling and analysis of nonlinear electronic components and circuits. In addition to the advantage of generating a more accurate model, the model based on the Dropout‐LFDRNN approach is much faster than the existing transistor‐level models.
A case of breast cancer with extensive colon metastasis
Authors: Imai Jin , Hanamura Toru , Kawanishi Aya , Ueda Takashi , Mishima Yusuke , Ito Ayano , Shirataki Yoshihiro , Morimachi Masashi , Kodama Toshio , Sato Hirohiko , Kaneko Motoki , Sano Masaya , Teramura Erika , Monma Makiko , Tsuda Shingo , Tsuruya Kota , Mizukami Hajime , Arase Yoshitaka , Fujisawa Mia , Miyahara Saya , Nakamura Naoya , Suzuki Takayoshi , Matsushima Masashi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Takashimizu Shinji , Kagawa Tatehiro , Nishizaki Yasuhiro
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. Although most breast cancers are curable, in cases of metastasis, many are often found in the lungs, bones, liver, and central nervous system; however, metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is rare. Invasive lobular carcinoma, which represents only 5%–10% of breast cancers, has a higher risk of metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract than invasive ductal carcinoma. Here, we report a rare case of gastrointestinal metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma that spread extensively to the colonic mucosa. Given the improved survival rates of breast cancer patients with current treatments, many rarer metastatic diseases, including gastrointestinal metastases, are likely to be increased in the future.
U. of South Carolina's Scott Verzyl: Long‐term programs helped boost applications, spur enrollment
Authors: D'Orio Wayne
Published: November 2022

When Scott Verzyl joined the University of South Carolina in 2004, the school's goals were clear, but wide‐ranging. The public university wanted to grow its enrollment, increase applicants from both in‐state and out of state, and improve the profile of the student body.
3D Simulation Study on Thermal Behavior and Thermal Stress of Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhai Qingwei , Xu Xiaobin , Kong Jizhou , Liu Mingguang , Xu Peng , Heidarshenas Behzad , Wang Qianzhi , Zhou Fei , Wei Hongyu
Published: November 2022

Temperature and thermal stress are crucial factors affecting the working performance and thermal safety of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). During the discharge process of the battery, the temperature increases. The thermal expansion stress caused by the entropy heat and the ohmic heat can lead to the battery's lifetime reduction and even thermal safety issues. Herein, based on the coupled electrochemical model, the LIB's thermal behavior and thermal stress distribution at a 1C discharge rate are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the temperature distribution inside the battery is mainly affected by the heat exchange surface and the position of the tabs during the discharging process, in which the localized high‐temperature region occurs in the positive tab. The thermal stress inside the battery enhances rapidly at both the beginning and end of the discharging process while increasing slowly in the middle.
Surface Amalgam on Magnesium Electrode: Protective Coating or Not?
Authors: Pechberty Clément , Ledeuil Jean-Bernard , Allouche Joachim , Dedryvère Rémi , Stievano Lorenzo , Berthelot Romain
Published: November 2022

A better control of the metal–electrolyte interface is mandatory to help the development of rechargeable magnesium batteries. Protecting the magnesium surface by a coating layer to avoid its passivation with conventional liquid electrolytes is a promising strategy. Herein, in contact with a mercury droplet, a crystalline amalgam layer is created on the surface of magnesium. After the creation of this surface coating, a remarkable improvement of the plating/stripping process is observed with magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/dimethoxyethane electrolyte, whereas strong surface passivation hindering electrochemical cycling occurs when using bare magnesium. The detailed investigation of the evolution of the amalgam layer during cycling, however, shows substantial chemical and morphological electrochemical changes, eventually showing that such a layer does not act as a protecting coating, but rather as an independent electrode material deposited on an inert Mg substrate.
Failure modes analysis and reliability enhancement of wind turbines
Authors: Abdelmoumene Abdelkader , Bentarzi Hamid
Published: November 2022

The transition of the global energy system to affordable, reliable and clean sources is an important target of several international climate change accords and conferences such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Conferences of parties (COP), Kyoto protocol and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The wind power is at the heart of these energy systems transformation and climate change mitigation. Indeed, the global capacity of wind turbines has seen tremendous growth, especially, during the past two decades which has made wind energy the fastest growing renewable source in the world. Nevertheless, the problem of premature failures and low‐reliability level of wind turbines have been increasingly noticed. This paper presents a new systematic analytical approach for failure modes and reliability analysis of wind turbines. The approach is a combination of three aspects which are qualitative and quantitative analysis using the fault tree method, reliability assessment as well as lifetime estimation and enhancement. Firstly, the various failure modes are presented. Then, mathematical modeling and reliability evaluation have been developed and simulated. Afterward, the actions that can be considered to improve the reliability and, consequently, the lifetime of wind turbines have been presented and analyzed. The results of the developed approach revealed that major reliability improvements, failure rate reduction and lifetime extension can be achieved, leading to a better return on investment, reduced maintenance as well as a safer and more reliable clean energy production.
Altered glial expression of the cannabinoid 1 receptor in the subiculum of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Terradillos Itziar , Bonilla‐Del Río Itziar , Puente Nagore , Serrano Maitane , Mimenza Amaia , Lekunberri Leire , Anaut‐Lusar Ilazki , Reguero Leire , Gerrikagoitia Inmaculada , Ruiz de Martín Esteban Samuel , Hillard Cecilia J. , Grande María T. , Romero Julián , Elezgarai Izaskun , Grandes Pedro
Published: November 2022

The alteration of the endocannabinoid tone usually associates with changes in the expression and/or function of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid beta (Aβ)‐containing aggregates induce a chronic inflammatory response leading to reactivity of both microglia and astrocytes. However, how this glial response impacts on the glial CB1 receptor expression in the subiculum of a mouse model of AD, a brain region particularly affected by large accumulation of plaques and concomitant subcellular changes in microglia and astrocytes, is unknown. The CB1 receptor localization in both glial cells was investigated in the subiculum of male 5xFAD/CB2EGFP/f/f (AD model) and CB2EGFP/f/f mice by immuno‐electron microscopy. The findings revealed that glial CB1 receptors suffer remarkable changes in the AD mouse. Thus, CB1 receptor expression increases in reactive microglia in 5xFAD/CB2EGFP/f/f, but remains constant in astrocytes with CB1 receptor labeling rising proportionally to the perimeter of the reactive astrocytes. Not least, the CB1 receptor localization in microglial processes in the subiculum of controls and closely surrounding amyloid plaques and dystrophic neurites of the AD model, supports previous suggestions of the presence of the CB1 receptor in microglia. These findings on the correlation between glial reactivity and the CB1 receptor expression in microglial cells and astrocytes, contribute to the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.
Toward a tiered regulatory framework for the prospective aquatic effect assessment of pesticides in (Neo)tropical areas
Authors: Daam Michiel A.
Published: November 2022

Research and regulatory interest into (Neo)tropical aquatic pesticide ecotoxicology has increased considerably over the past few years. However, pesticide effect assessment frameworks in (Neo)tropical areas remain largely undeveloped and as such not implemented. The present study provides an overview of studies into the comparison of pesticide sensitivity between (Neo)tropical and temperate aquatic taxa. Recommended assessment factors to be applied to temperate toxicity data for use in tropical effect assessments differ significantly between these studies. Shortcomings and bottlenecks of available pesticide sensitivity comparison studies based on results from bioassays, species sensitivity distributions, and model ecosystem studies are scrutinized. Current data lacks and (subsequent) indications for future research are also covered. Ultimately, implications for procedures aimed at the derivation of regulatory acceptable concentrations for pesticides in (Neo)tropical edge-of-field surface waters are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:638–647. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Synthesis, photophysical properties, and DFT calculation of yellow‐red phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes based on thiophen‐pyrimidine/pyridine derivatives
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Bin , Tong Wan‐Yue , Chen Meng‐Sen , Xie Jian‐Li , Wang Yi‐Tong , Mo Zheng‐Rong , Wu Shui‐Xing , Niu Zhi‐Gang , Li Gao‐Nan
Published: November 2022

A series of heteroleptic phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes [Ir(C^N)2(O^O)] (C^N = 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrimidine (tppm), 2‐(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrimidine (btppm), 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (cf3thp), 2‐(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (cf3btp); O^O = acetylacetonate (acacH)) have been synthesized and characterized, and their photophysical properties are reported. All of these complexes emit yellow‐red color in the spectral range of 558–647 nm in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature with quantum yields of 20.1–50.9% and emission lifetimes of 0.23–0.33 μs. Density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent‐DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations on these complexes facilitate a detailed assignment of the excited states involved in the absorption and emission processes, that is, metal‐to‐ligand and ligand‐centered charge‐transfer (MLCT/LC) transitions. These charge‐transfer‐type bands are dominated by C^N ligands more than O^O ligand.
Association between preadmission low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and risk of large intracerebral hemorrhage: Results from the Kailuan study
Authors: Li Zhanying , Hui Ying , Sha Zhuang , Liu Bailu , Wang Chengbo , Yang Feng , Zhang Wenfei , Gao Chuang , Jiang Rongcai
Published: November 2022

Background

To examine the association between low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations and the risk of a large hematoma volume after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods

Patients from the Kailuan study (Tangshan, China) who were hospitalized with ICH during 2006 and 2020 were included in this study. The concentration of lipid concentrations, hematoma volume and other clinical characteristics were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Hematoma volumes were measured on the first available brain scan using the ABC/2 method. LDL‐C concentrations were obtained from the last physical examination before the occurrence of ICH. LDL‐C concentration was categorized into four groups in accordance with the quartiles. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between LDL‐C concentrations and the risk of a large hematoma volume of ≥30 ml. A generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the dose–response relationship between LDL‐C concentration and hematoma volume.

Results

A total of 836 patients with ICH were evaluated. In the Multivariate logistic regression, compared to the second quartile of LDL_C, the first quartile of LDL_C had a significantly higher risk of a large hematoma volume (OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.54–4.01]), and the higher quartile of LDL_C is not associated with higher odds of large hematoma volume. In the generalized linear regression model, the adjusted β for the association between LDL‐C concentration and hematoma volume was 9.46 (95% confidence interval 2.87–16.04), whereas higher LDL‐C concentration was not associated with a large hematoma volume.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that low LDL‐C concentrations prior to ICH are associated with a higher risk of a large hematoma volume.
Effects of six kinds of sperm staining methods on human sperm size and evaluation of their staining effects
Authors: Xu Yuan‐Hua , Lu Jin‐Chun , Tang Shan‐Shan
Published: November 2022

Background

Large‐ and small‐headed sperm are common morphological abnormalities. If different sperm staining methods affect sperm size, they will make a difference in the accuracy of sperm morphological analysis results. In this case, the normal reference values of sperm head parameters for different staining methods should be established.

Methods

Six sperm staining methods, including Papanicolaou, Diff‐Quik, Shorr, Hematoxylin–eosin (HE), Wright, and Wright‐Giemsa staining, were used to stain the sperm smears of 25 semen samples, respectively. Sperm head parameter's length (L), width (W), area (A), perimeter, acrosomal area (Ac), and the derived values L/W and Ac/A of 2500 sperm (100 for each specimen) per staining method were measured by a computer‐aided sperm morphological analysis system.

Results

The highest sperm head length and width were observed with the Wright‐Giemsa and Wright staining, followed by the Diff‐Quik. The lowest sperm head length and width were observed with the Papanicolaou staining, and the sperm head length and width of HE and Shorr staining were between those of Papanicolaou and Diff‐Quik staining. There was the same trend in changes in sperm head area and perimeter. Diff‐Quik and Shorr staining could clearly distinguish acrosome and nucleus, followed by HE staining, whereas the boundary between acrosome and nucleus was not evident in Papanicolaou, Wright, and Wright‐Giemsa staining.

Conclusion

Different staining methods influence sperm size, and the normal reference values of sperm head parameters of each staining method should be established. Diff‐Quik and Shorr staining may be suitable methods for routine sperm morphological analysis.
Association of CNR1 gene and cannabinoid 1 receptor protein in the human brain
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Kantonen Tatu , Pekkarinen Laura , Nuutila Pirjo , Nummenmaa Lauri
Published: November 2022

We aimed to integrate genomic mapping from brain mRNA atlas with the protein expression from positron emission tomography (PET) scans of type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and to compare the predictive power of CB1 receptor with those of other neuroreceptor/transporters using a meta‐analysis. Volume of distribution (VT) from F18‐FMPEP‐d2 PET scans, CNR1 gene (Cannabinoid receptor 1) expression, and H3‐CP55940 binding were calculated and correlation analysis was performed. Between VT of F18‐FMPEP‐d2 PET scans and CNR1 mRNA expression, moderate strength of correlation was observed (rho = .5067, p = .0337). Strong positive correlation was also found between CNR1 mRNA expression and H3‐CP55940 binding (r = .6336, p = .0364), validating the finding between F18‐FMPEP‐d2 PET scans and CNR1 mRNA. The correlation between VT of F18‐FMPEP‐d2 PET scans and H3‐CP55940 binding was marginally significant (r = .5025, p = .0563). From the meta‐analysis, the correlation coefficient between mRNA expression and protein expressions ranged from −.10 to .99, with a pooled effect of .76. In conclusion, we observed the moderate to strong associations between gene and protein expression for CB1 receptor in the human brain, which was validated by autoradiography. We combined the autoradiographic finding with PET of CB1 receptor, producing the density atlas map of CB1 receptor. From the meta‐analysis, the moderate to strong correlation was observed between mRNA expression and protein expressions across multiple genes. Further study is needed to investigate the relationship between multiple genes and in vivo proteins to improve and accelerate drug development.
Combination of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of Shengyu Decoction for treating anemia
Authors: Hu Yu , Sun Hui , Yan Guangli , Zhang Xiwu , Guan Yu , Li Dan , Wang Xijun
Published: November 2022

Anemia is a common clinical hematological disease with a high incidence, which seriously affects human health. Shengyu Decoction is often used in the treatment of anemia. However, the pharmacodynamic substance basis and therapeutic mechanism are still unclear, which hinders the comprehensive development and utilization of Shengyu Decoction. In this study, 143 compounds were identified in Shengyu Decoction using high‐throughput ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, 24 of which were absorbed into the blood. Taking these blood‐entering ingredients as the research object, we found through network pharmacology research that ferulic acid, calycosin, and astragaloside A can act on AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK14, and play a role in treating anemia through PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and Pathways in anemia. Finally, it was demonstrated that the active compound could bind to the core target with good affinity by molecular docking. The research shows that Shengyu Decoction has multi‐component, multi‐target, and multi‐channel effects in the treatment of anemia, which provides a basis for the development and clinical application of Shengyu Decoction.
Nutrition support teams: Institution, evolution, and innovation
Authors: Barrocas Albert , Schwartz Denise Baird , Bistrian Bruce R. , Guenter Peggi , Mueller Charles , Chernoff Ronni , Hasse Jeanette M.
Published: November 2022

The historical institution, evolution, and innovations of nutrition support teams (NSTs) over the past six decades are presented. Focused aspects of the transition to transdisciplinary and patient‐centered care, NST membership, leadership, and the future of NSTs are further discussed. NSTs were instituted to address the need for the safe implementation and management of parenteral nutrition, developed in the late 1960s, which requires the expertise of individuals working collaboratively in a multidisciplinary fashion. In 1976, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) was established using the multidisciplinary model. In 1983, the United States established the inpatient prospective payment system with associated diagnosis‐related groupings, which altered the provision of nutrition support in hospitals with funded NSTs. The number of funded NSTs has waxed and waned since; yet hospitals and healthcare have adapted, as additional education and experience grew, primarily through ASPEN's efforts. Nutrition support was not administered in some instances by the “core of four” (physician, nurse, dietitian, pharmacist). The functions may be carried out by a member of the core of four not associated with the parent discipline, in accordance with licensure/privileging. This cross‐functioning has evolved into the adaptation of the concept of transdisciplinarity, emphasizing function over form, supported and enhanced by “top‐of‐license” practice. In some institutions, nutrition support has been incorporated into other healthcare teams. Future innovations will assist NSTs in providing the right nutrition support for the right patient in the right way at the right time, recognizing that nutrition care is a human right.