bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Rural Households’ Choices and Intensity of Sustainable Energy Sources for Cooking and Lighting in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwole Temitope Samuel , Adesiyan Adewumi Titus , Ojo Temitope Oluwaseun , Elhindi Khalid Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Poverty reduction and the promotion of sustainable human development are fundamentally dependent on having access to modern energy services. Energy supplies that are dependable, reasonably priced, and sustainable are vital to modern societies. In achieving the sustainable development goals (SDG7) and access to clean energy supplies, this study, using cross-sectional data from 180 randomly sampled rural households, analyzed the key factors determining the choice and intensity of energy sources used for lighting and cooking in rural Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (multivariate probit (MVP) and zero-truncated Poisson (ZTP models)) were employed for the analyses. The result showed that there is evidence of fuel stacking in their choice of cooking and lighting energy, and it increases with rising income levels but is more pronounced for lighting than cooking. The result also revealed that reliable access to clean energy (9% of sampled households for LPG and 23% of the households for grid electricity) is very low, as these households still rely on fuelwood (70%) for cooking, but the predominant usage of kerosene (39%) for lighting, as reported in the literature, has drastically changed to dry cell battery (51%). The results using a multivariate probit model to capture the multiple fuel usage phenomenon among rural households show that access to clean energy, improvement in rural poverty, usage of indoor kitchens, household size, and an increase in the education of household heads’ spouses significantly influence the use of clean energy in the rural areas. In the same vein, the result of the ZTP model showed that income, access to energy sources, and occupation of the household head were the drivers of the intensity of cooking and lighting energy sources. Thus, it is recommended that any policy interventions that are targeted at encouraging rural households to use clean energy should start by improving rural access to these clean energy sources, improving their poverty status while also increasing the level of education and awareness of rural women concerning the risks of using dirty energy sources.
Combining Building Information Model and Life Cycle Assessment for Defining Circular Economy Strategies
Authors: Guerriero Annie , Busio Federico , Saidani Michael , Boje Calin , Mack Nico
Published: May 2024

Although the construction industry has the potential to implement circular economy (CE) principles, the sector suffers from a veritable lack of initiatives to develop circular and regenerative design principles. However, existing buildings intended to be demolished could be considered as material banks for future constructions, with the aim to exploit anthropogenic resources, extend material/product efficiency, and reduce the extraction of natural resources. This concept of buildings as material banks is being studied more and more in the scientific literature, but it still requires the existing building stock to be fully digitalized, thus making materials reusable in new buildings starting from the architectural design stage. Moreover, the decision process regarding CE strategies requires the consideration of the environmental impacts of the deconstruction and end-of-life processes, which is essential in CE implementation. This paper introduces a digital platform for generating materials inventory and supporting the definition of reuse strategies. Then, by using digital tools in combination with life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of the deconstruction process and output of materials and components inventories, a method is defined and tested on a pilot building in Luxembourg.
Key Traits of Leading Sustainable Firms in the Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Yoo Young , Cho Keuntae
Published: May 2024

Few studies have investigated sustainable management in the semiconductor industry. Consequently, this study analyzed the characteristics of companies excelling in sustainable management in the semiconductor industry using chief executive officer messages. It compared high- and low-performing groups to identify leading sustainable firms. Centrality analysis was conducted to extract keywords, which were mapped to the sustainability criteria to conduct network analysis. The results showed that the high-performing group emphasized sustainable development across the semiconductor industry ecosystem, while the low-performing group focused on internal sustainability aspects. This underscores the need for effective sustainable development in the semiconductor industry that extends beyond individual company efforts and embraces industry solidarity. Thus, this study presents a methodology that can be applied to similar studies in industries beyond semiconductors.
Spatial Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanisms of Cultivated Land Intensive Utilization in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiu , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xiang
Published: May 2024

Cultivated land intensive utilization (CLIU) exhibits spatial heterogeneity that is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, with land dissected into different scale systems; however, CLIU has not yet been systematically explored. This study takes the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration, a national-level model area for integrated land and sea development in China, as an example to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of CLIU and explore its driving factors through multiple econometrical and geographical methods, including identifying its underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that (1) the CLIU index is 0.334, its Gini coefficient is 0.183, and its comprehensive level has a low intensity and obvious spatial nonequilibrium characteristics. Hypervariable density (50.33%) and the intraprovincial gap (45.6%) are the main sources. (2) Among the independent effects of single factors, the multiple cropping index (0.57), labor force index (0.489), and intensification of construction land (0.375) exert the most influence on CLIU spatial variation. The interaction effects of two factors primarily manifested as nonlinear enhancements, with the interaction between the labor force index and multiple cropping index being particularly noteworthy (0.859). (3) The geographically weighted regression coefficients reveal that temperature (0.332), multiple cropping index (0.211), and labor force index (0.209) have relatively large and positive impacts on CLIU, while slope (−0.1), precipitation (−0.087), and population urbanization (−0.039) have relatively small and negative impacts; all factors exhibit spatial nonstationarity. The spatial heterogeneity of CLIU in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration is characterized by patterns’ nonequilibrium and factors’ nonstationarity. The driving mode of multiple factors on CLIU is manifested as follows: natural factors of cropland utilization provide basic guarantees, internal factors of CLIU provide positive enhancement, and external factors of land intensive utilization provide auxiliary promotion.
Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting Method Based on Secondary Decomposition and Conventional Neural Network–Transformer
Authors: Bing Qichun , Zhao Panpan , Ren Canzheng , Wang Xueqian , Zhao Yiming
Published: May 2024

Because of the random volatility of traffic data, short-term traffic flow forecasting has always been a problem that needs to be further researched. We developed a short-term traffic flow forecasting approach by applying a secondary decomposition strategy and CNN–Transformer model. Firstly, traffic flow data are decomposed by using a Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm, and a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained. Secondly, the IMF1 obtained from the CEEMDAN is further decomposed into some sub-series by using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) algorithm. Thirdly, the CNN–Transformer model is established for each IMF separately. The CNN model is employed to extract local spatial features, and then the Transformer model utilizes these features for global modeling and long-term relationship modeling. Finally, we obtain the final results by superimposing the forecasting results of each IMF component. The measured traffic flow dataset of urban expressways was used for experimental verification. The experimental results reveal the following: (1) The forecasting performance achieves remarkable improvement when considering secondary decomposition. Compared with the VMD-CNN–Transformer, the CEEMDAN-VMD-CNN–Transformer method declined by 25.84%, 23.15% and 22.38% in three-step-ahead forecasting in terms of MAPE. (2) It has been proven that our proposed CNN–Transformer model could achieve more outstanding forecasting performance. Compared with the CEEMDAN-VMD-CNN, the CEEMDAN-VMD-CNN–Transformer method declined by 13.58%, 11.88% and 11.10% in three-step-ahead forecasting in terms of MAPE.
Sustainable Solutions in E-Commerce: An Examination of Customer Acceptance of Automated Delivery Stations in Vietnam
Authors: Tsai Jung-Fa , Ngo Hong-Ngoc , Che Zhen-Hua , Lin Ming-Hua
Published: May 2024

The rapid emergence of e-commerce in Vietnam has resulted in significant pressure on freight traffic and the environment, particularly in urban areas. Automated delivery stations (ADSs), also known as smart lockers or parcel lockers, offer a promising solution to improve the sustainability of last-mile delivery systems. However, the adoption of such a sustainable alternative by Vietnamese customers is inadequately understudied. This study primarily aims to investigate factors impacting Vietnamese customers’ acceptance of these automated delivery points. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), a survey following convenience sampling was carried out in Vietnam to assess recent experiences at automated delivery stations. The results showed that innovativeness and location convenience positively influenced consumer intention to use ADS, while perceived time pressure had no impact on consumer intention to use automatic delivery systems. This study provides valuable insights to e-commerce companies to customize their services to match customer preferences, which will optimize last-mile delivery options and thereby promote sustainable practices.
Multi-Vehicle Collaborative Planning Technology under Automatic Driving
Authors: Rong Songsong , Meng Ruifeng , Guo Junhong , Cui Pengfei , Qiao Zhi
Published: May 2024

Autonomous vehicles hold the potential to significantly improve traffic efficiency and advance the development of intelligent transportation systems. With the progression of autonomous driving technology, collaborative planning among multiple vehicles in autonomous driving scenarios has emerged as a pivotal challenge in realizing intelligent transportation systems. Serving as the cornerstone of unmanned mission decision-making, collaborative motion planning algorithms have garnered increasing attention in both theoretical exploration and practical application. These methods often follow a similar paradigm: the system initially discerns the driving intentions of each vehicle, subsequently assesses the surrounding environment, engages in path-planning, and formulates specific behavioral decisions. The paper discusses trajectory prediction, game theory, following behavior, and lane merging issues within the paradigm mentioned above. After briefly introducing the background of multi-vehicle autonomous driving, it provides a detailed description of the technological prerequisites for implementing these techniques. It reviews the main algorithms in motion planning, their functionalities, and applications in road environments, as well as current and future challenges and unresolved issues.
Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence Adoption for European Union Elderly in the Context of Digital Skills Development
Authors: Bogoslov Ioana Andreea , Corman Sorina , Lungu Anca Elena
Published: May 2024

In today’s digitalized era, embracing new and emerging technologies is a requirement to remain competitive. The present research investigates the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) by the elderly in the European landscape, emphasizing the importance of individuals’ digital skills. As has already been globally recognized, the most imminent demographic challenge is no longer represented by the rapid growth of the population but by its aging. Thus, the paper initially analyzed European perspectives on AI adoption, also discussing the importance of focusing on seniors. A bibliometric analysis was required afterward, and the review of the resulting relevant scientific publications uncovered gaps in understanding the relationship between older individuals and AI, particularly in terms of digital competence. Further exploration considered the EU population’s digital literacy and cultural influences using Hofstede’s model, while also identifying potential ways to improve the elderly’s digital skills and promote the adoption of AI. Results indicate a growing interest in AI adoption among the elderly, underscoring the urgent need for digital skills development. The imperative of personalized approach implementations, such as specialized courses, personalized training sessions, or mentoring programs, was underscored. Moreover, the importance of targeted strategies and collaborative efforts to ensure equitable participation in the digital age was identified as a prerequisite for AI adoption by seniors. In terms of potential implications, the research can serve as a starting point for various stakeholders in promoting an effective and sustainable adoption of AI among older citizens in the EU.
Facilitating the Smooth Migration of Inhabitants of Atoll Countries to Artificial Islands: Case of the Maldives
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke , Sakamoto Akiko , Laila Aishath , Aslam Ahmed , Feng Shuxian , Kaku Takuto , Sasaki Takumi , Shinomura Natsuya , Nakayama Mikiyasu
Published: May 2024

The vulnerability of atoll countries to sea level rise underscores the pivotal connection between climate change and migration. This study examines the multifaceted challenges faced by such countries, including land loss, economic disruption, water contamination, and increased vulnerability to extreme weather events, and potential adaptation strategies, such as migration to developed countries and other islands, land reclamation, and floating platform development. The situation of the Maldives, particularly the creation of the artificial island of Hulhumalé, is explored as a case study. Hulhumalé is designed to alleviate congestion while addressing concerns about rising sea levels. This study employed a questionnaire survey and analyzed the data using importance analysis of permutation features and structural equation modeling following the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests. The results revealed that the key factors influencing resident satisfaction after migration were clean housing, resilience to natural disasters, sports facilities, and environmental quality. Adaptation strategies must be tailored to each country’s unique circumstances, considering the interconnectedness of environmental and socioeconomic factors in addressing climate-induced migration. Considering Hulhumalé as a model for climate change adaptation, concerted global action is necessary to mitigate the impacts of climate change and ensure the security and well-being of vulnerable populations.
Enhancing Integer Time Series Model Estimations through Neural Network-Based Fuzzy Time Series Analysis
Authors: El-Menshawy Mohammed H. , Eliwa Mohamed S. , Al-Essa Laila A. , El-Morshedy Mahmoud , EL-Sagheer Rashad M.
Published: May 2024

This investigation explores the effects of applying fuzzy time series (FTSs) based on neural network models for estimating a variety of spectral functions in integer time series models. The focus is particularly on the skew integer autoregressive of order one (NSINAR(1)) model. To support this estimation, a dataset consisting of NSINAR(1) realizations with a sample size of n = 1000 is created. These input values are then subjected to fuzzification via fuzzy logic. The prowess of artificial neural networks in pinpointing fuzzy relationships is harnessed to improve prediction accuracy by generating output values. The study meticulously analyzes the enhancement in smoothing of spectral function estimators for NSINAR(1) by utilizing both input and output values. The effectiveness of the output value estimates is evaluated by comparing them to input value estimates using a mean-squared error (MSE) analysis, which shows how much better the output value estimates perform.
Characterizations of Minimal Dominating Sets in γ-Endowed and Symmetric γ-Endowed Graphs with Applications to Structure-Property Modeling
Authors: Hayat Sakander , Sundareswaran Raman , Shanmugapriya Marayanagaraj , Khan Asad , Swaminathan Venkatasubramanian , Jabarullah Mohamed Hussian , Alenazi Mohammed J. F.
Published: May 2024

Claude Berge (1987) introduced the concept of k-extendable graphs, wherein any independent set of size k is inherently a constituent of a maximum independent set within a graph H=(V,E). Graphs possessing the property of being 1-extendable are termedas Berge graphs. This introduction gave rise to the notion of well-covered graphs and well-dominated graphs. A graph is categorized as well-covered if each of its maximal independent sets is, in fact, a maximum independent set. Similarly, a graph attains the classification of well-dominated if every minimal dominating set (DS) within it is a minimum dominating set. In alignment with the concept of k-extendable graphs, the framework of (k,γ)-endowed graphs and symmetric (k,γ)-endowed graphs are established. In these graphs, each DS of size k encompasses a minimum DS of the graph. In this article, a study of γ-endowed dominating sets is initiated. Various results providing a deep insight into γ-endowed dominating sets in graphs such as those characterizing the ones possessing a unique minimum DS are proven. We also introduce and study the symmetric γ-endowed graphs and minimality of dominating sets in them. In addition, we give a solution to an open problem in the literature. which seeks to find a domination-based parameter that has a correlation coefficient of ρ>0.9967 with the total π-electronic energy of lower benzenoid hydrocarbons. We show that the upper dominating number Γ(H) studied in this paper delivers a strong prediction potential.
Vertical Balance of an Autonomous Two-Wheeled Single-Track Electric Vehicle
Authors: Rodríguez-Rosa David , Martín-Parra Andrea , García-Vanegas Andrés , Moya-Fernández Francisco , Payo-Gutiérrez Ismael , Castillo-García Fernando J.
Published: May 2024

In the dynamic landscape of autonomous transport, the integration of intelligent transport systems and embedded control technology is pivotal. While strides have been made in the development of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, the unique challenges posed by two-wheeled vehicles remain largely unaddressed. Dedicated control strategies for these vehicles have yet to be developed. The vertical balance of an autonomous two-wheeled single-track vehicle is a challenge for engineering. This type of vehicle is unstable and its dynamic behaviour changes with the forward velocity. We designed a scheduled-gain proportional–integral controller that adapts its gains to the forward velocity, maintaining the vertical balance of the vehicle by means of the steering front-wheel angle. The control law was tested with a prototype designed by the authors under different scenarios, smooth and uneven floors, maintaining the vertical balance in all cases.
The Association between Short-Term Exposure to PM1 and Daily Hospital Admission and Related Expenditures in Beijing
Authors: Xu Jingwen , Chen Yan , Lu Feng , Chen Lili , Dong Zhaomin
Published: May 2024

Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution is a leading environmental health threat worldwide. PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm, also known as PM1, has been implicated in the morbidity and mortality of several cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular diseases. However, previous studies have mostly focused on analyzing fine PM (PM2.5) associated with disease metrics, such as emergency department visits and mortality, rather than ultrafine PM, including PM1. This study aimed to evaluate the association between short-term PM1 exposure and hospital admissions (HAs) for all-cause diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infections (RIs), as well as the associated expenditures, using Beijing as a case study. Here, based on air pollution and hospital admission data in Beijing from 2015 to 2017, we performed a time-series analysis and meta-analysis. It was found that a 10 μg/m3 increase in the PM1 concentration significantly increased all-cause disease HAs by 0.07% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): [0, 0.14%]) in Beijing between 2015 and 2017, while the COPD and RI-related HAs were not significantly associated with short-term PM1 exposure. Meanwhile, we estimated the attributable number of HAs and hospital expenditures related to all-cause diseases. This study revealed that an average of 6644 (95% CI: [351, 12,917]) cases of HAs were attributable to ambient PM1, which was estimated to be associated with a 106 million CNY increase in hospital expenditure annually (95% CI: [5.6, 207]), accounting for 0.32% (95% CI: [0.02, 0.62%]) of the annual total expenses. The findings reported here highlight the underlying impact of ambient PM pollution on health risks and economic burden to society and indicate the need for further policy actions on public health.
Tracking Supermassive Black Hole Mergers from kpc to sub-pc Scales with AXIS
Authors: Foord Adi , Cappelluti Nico , Liu Tingting , Volonteri Marta , Habouzit Melanie , Pacucci Fabio , Marchesi Stefano , Chen Nianyi , Di Matteo Tiziana , Mallick Labani , Koss Michael
Published: May 2024

We present an analysis showcasing how the Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS), a proposed NASA Probe-class mission, will significantly increase our understanding of supermassive black holes undergoing mergers—from kpc to sub-pc scales. In particular, the AXIS point spread function, field of view, and effective area are expected to result in (1) the detection of hundreds to thousands of new dual AGNs across the redshift range 0<z<5 and (2) blind searches for binary AGNs that are exhibiting merger signatures in their light curves and spectra. AXIS will detect some of the highest-redshift dual AGNs to date, over a large range of physical separations. The large sample of AGN pairs detected by AXIS (over a magnitude more than currently known) will result in the first X-ray study that quantifies the frequency of dual AGNs as a function of redshift up to z=4.
Analysis of Replication, Cell Division-Mediated Spread, and HBV Envelope Protein-Dependent Pseudotyping of Three Mammalian Delta-like Agents
Authors: Gnouamozi Gnimah Eva , Zhang Zhenfeng , Prasad Vibhu , Lauber Chris , Seitz Stefan , Urban Stephan
Published: May 2024

The human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that depends on hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface proteins (HBsAg) to assemble into infectious virions targeting the same organ (liver) as HBV. Until recently, the evolutionary origin of HDV remained largely unknown. The application of bioinformatics on whole sequence databases lead to discoveries of HDV-like agents (DLA) and shed light on HDV’s evolution, expanding our understanding of HDV biology. DLA were identified in heterogeneous groups of vertebrates and invertebrates, highlighting that the evolution of HDV, represented by eight distinct genotypes, is broader and more complex than previously foreseen. In this study, we focused on the characterization of three mammalian DLA discovered in woodchuck (Marmota monax), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and lesser dog-like bat (Peropteryx macrotis) in terms of replication, cell-type permissiveness, and spreading pathways. We generated replication-competent constructs expressing 1.1-fold over-length antigenomic RNA of each DLA. Replication was initiated by transfecting the cDNAs into human (HuH7, HeLa, HEK293T, A549) and non-human (Vero E6, CHO, PaKi, LMH) cell lines. Upon transfection and replication establishment, none of the DLA expressed a large delta antigen. A cell division-mediated viral amplification assay demonstrated the capability of non-human DLA to replicate and propagate in hepatic and non-hepatic tissues, without the requirement of envelope proteins from a helper virus. Remarkably L-HDAg but not S-HDAg from HDV can artificially mediate envelopment of WoDV and DeDV ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) by HBsAg to form infectious particles, as demonstrated by co-transfection of HuH7 cells with the respective DLA expression constructs and a plasmid encoding HBV envelope proteins. These chimeric viruses are sensitive to HDV entry inhibitors and allow synchronized infections for comparative replication studies. Our results provide a more detailed understanding of the molecular biology, evolution, and virus–host interaction of this unique group of animal viroid-like agents in relation to HDV.
A 44-Nucleotide Region in the Chikungunya Virus 3′ UTR Dictates Viral Fitness in Disparate Host Cells
Authors: Ander Stephanie E. , Carpentier Kathryn S. , Sanders Wes , Lucas Cormac J. , Jolly Austin J. , Johnson Cydney N. , Hawman David W. , Heise Mark T. , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Morrison Thomas E.
Published: May 2024

We previously reported that deletion of a 44-nucleotide element in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genome enhances the virulence of CHIKV infection in mice. Here, we find that while this 44-nucleotide deletion enhances CHIKV fitness in murine embryonic fibroblasts in a manner independent of the type I interferon response, the same mutation decreases viral fitness in C6/36 mosquito cells. Further, the fitness advantage conferred by the UTR deletion in mammalian cells is maintained in vivo in a mouse model of CHIKV dissemination. Finally, SHAPE-MaP analysis of the CHIKV 3′ UTR revealed this 44-nucleotide element forms a distinctive two-stem-loop structure that is ablated in the mutant 3′ UTR without altering additional 3′ UTR RNA secondary structures.
Sequential Infection with Influenza A Virus Followed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Leads to More Severe Disease and Encephalitis in a Mouse Model of COVID-19
Authors: Clark Jordan J. , Penrice-Randal Rebekah , Sharma Parul , Dong Xiaofeng , Pennington Shaun H. , Marriott Amy E. , Colombo Stefano , Davidson Andrew , Kavanagh Williamson Maia , Matthews David A. , Turtle Lance , Prince Tessa , Hughes Grant L. , Patterson Edward I. , Shawli Ghada , Mega Daniele F. , Subramaniam Krishanthi , Sharp Jo , Turner Joseph D. , Biagini Giancarlo A. , Owen Andrew , Kipar Anja , Hiscox Julian A. , Stewart James P.
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 is a spectrum of clinical symptoms in humans caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. The coalescence of SARS-CoV-2 with seasonal respiratory viruses, particularly influenza viruses, is a global health concern. To understand this, transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor (K18-hACE2) were infected with influenza A virus (IAV) followed by SARS-CoV-2 and the host response and effect on virus biology was compared to K18-hACE2 mice infected with IAV or SARS-CoV-2 alone. The sequentially infected mice showed reduced SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, yet exhibited more rapid weight loss, more severe lung damage and a prolongation of the innate response compared to the singly infected or control mice. Sequential infection also exacerbated the extrapulmonary encephalitic manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, prior infection with a commercially available, multivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (Fluenz Tetra) elicited the same reduction in SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, albeit without the associated increase in disease severity. This suggests that the innate immune response stimulated by IAV inhibits SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, infection with an attenuated, apathogenic influenza vaccine does not result in an aberrant immune response and enhanced disease severity. Taken together, the data suggest coinfection (‘twinfection’) is deleterious and mitigation steps should be instituted as part of the comprehensive public health and management strategy of COVID-19.
Intranasal Immunization for Zika in a Pre-Clinical Model
Authors: Shah Sarthak , Patel Parth , Bagwe Priyal , Kale Akanksha , Ferguson Amarae , Adediran Emmanuel , Arte Tanisha , Singh Revanth , Uddin Mohammad N. , D’Souza Martin J.
Published: May 2024

Humans continue to be at risk from the Zika virus. Although there have been significant research advancements regarding Zika, the absence of a vaccine or approved treatment poses further challenges for healthcare providers. In this study, we developed a microparticulate Zika vaccine using an inactivated whole Zika virus as the antigen that can be administered pain-free via intranasal (IN) immunization. These microparticles (MP) were formulated using a double emulsion method developed by our lab. We explored a prime dose and two-booster-dose vaccination strategy using MPL-A® and Alhydrogel® as adjuvants to further stimulate the immune response. MPL-A® induces a Th1-mediated immune response and Alhydrogel® (alum) induces a Th2-mediated immune response. There was a high recovery yield of MPs, less than 5 µm in size, and particle charge of −19.42 ± 0.66 mV. IN immunization of Zika MP vaccine and the adjuvanted Zika MP vaccine showed a robust humoral response as indicated by several antibodies (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and several IgG subtypes (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3). Vaccine MP elicited a balance Th1- and Th2-mediated immune response. Immune organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, exhibited a significant increase in CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell cellular response in both vaccine groups. Zika MP vaccine and adjuvanted Zika MP vaccine displayed a robust memory response (CD27 and CD45R) in the spleen and lymph nodes. Adjuvanted vaccine-induced higher Zika-specific intracellular cytokines than the unadjuvanted vaccine. Our results suggest that more than one dose or multiple doses may be necessary to achieve necessary immunological responses. Compared to unvaccinated mice, the Zika vaccine MP and adjuvanted MP vaccine when administered via intranasal route demonstrated robust humoral, cellular, and memory responses. In this pre-clinical study, we established a pain-free microparticulate Zika vaccine that produced a significant immune response when administered intranasally.
Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Impregnated Wipes for the Local Dysbiosis in Atopic Dogs: A Multicentric Prospective Study
Authors: Bensignor Emmanuel , Navarro Christelle , Gard Carole , Jahier Bruno , Pressanti Charline , Videmont Emilie
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Dysbiosis is frequently observed in Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD). Antimicrobial treatment may be necessary to treat flare ups and the use of topical treatments is beneficial to prevent the development of bacterial resistance. Wipes are an easy way to apply antiseptic agents on the skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of 3% chlorhexidine impregnated wipes (Pyoskin® wipes, MP Labo, France) on local areas of dysbiosis in dogs with CAD. (2) Methods: A total of 20 dogs suffering from CAD presented with localised areas of dysbiosis were included in this study. Affected areas were cleansed with the daily application of chlorhexidine wipes once a day for 14 days. Follow-up visits were scheduled after one and two weeks. Clinical signs (lesions and pruritus), dysbiosis scored by cytological counts (cocci and Malassezia) and investigator and owner global appreciation were evaluated. (3) Results: A statistically significant decrease in clinical scores and cytological counts were observed as soon as D7 and until D14. Both owner and investigator appreciation were considered high (4) Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine impregnated wipes is a useful and easy way to manage localised dysbiosis in atopic dogs and allows limiting of systemic medication to prevent bacterial resistance.
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Healthy Non-Sedated Horses: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Vitale Valentina , Bindi Francesca , Velloso Alvarez Ana , de la Cuesta-Torrado María , Sala Giulia , Sgorbini Micaela
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (tAVNS) in healthy horses and its effect on heart rate variability (HRV). The study comprised three phases: the selection of mares, their acclimatization to the tAVNS, and the stimulation phase. Stimulation was performed with two electrodes positioned on the right pinna. The settings were 0.5 mA, 250 μs, and 25 Hz for pulse amplitude, pulse width, and pulse frequency, respectively. HRV was analysed before (B1), during (T), and after (B2) the tAVNS. From the 44 mares initially included, only 7 completed the three phases. In these mares, the heart rate (HR) was significantly lower, and frequency domain parameters showed an increased parasympathetic tone in B2 compared with B1. However, in 3/7 mares, the HR was significantly higher during T compared with B1 and B2, compatible with a decreased parasympathetic tone, while in 4/7 mares, the HR was significantly lower and the parasympathetic nervous system index was significantly higher during T and B2 compared with B1. The tAVNS is an economical and easy procedure to perform and has the potential to stimulate vagal activity; however, it was poorly tolerated in the mares included in this study.
Nutrient Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Biosorbents Derived from Rice and Corn Husk Residues: A Systematic Review from the Environmental Management Perspective
Authors: Lugo-Arias José , Vargas Sandra Bibiana , Maturana Aymer , González-Álvarez Julia , Lugo-Arias Elkyn , Rico Heidy
Published: May 2024

This review critically analyzed the use of biosorbents derived from rice husks and corn residues for nutrient removal from aqueous solutions. Additionally, this review highlighted the use of such biosorbents in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, novel approaches for sustainable nutrient removal from aqueous solutions were identified. A comprehensive understanding of the implementation of biosorption processes using agro-industrial residues based on corn and rice crops is critical for the sustainable management of residues and water bodies in the world to protect and conserve natural resources. Specifically, the review focuses on the exploration, preparation and application of innovative biosorbents to remove various forms of nutrients such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrates, ammonium and phosphates from aqueous solution, analyzing the sustainability of treatments applied to biomass, such as thermal transformation or chemical modification to reduce environmental impacts. It was found that 95 to 99% of nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed with biosorbents made from rice husks and corn residues, analyzing approximately 50 scientific articles related to these plant materials. Research opportunities were identified, such as the recovery of removed nutrients for soil improvement, life cycle analysis to assess the concept of zero waste, among other aspects. Finally, a scheme is proposed for the selection and application of sustainable biosorbents for the removal of nutrients from aqueous solutions.
Physical and Numerical Modeling of Flow in a Meandering Channel
Authors: Yılmazer Cem , Arı Güner H. Anıl
Published: May 2024

In this study, flow behavior in a meandering channel was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experiments were carried out for nine different cases on a channel consisting of 180° and 120° angle bends following successively. Measurements were conducted employing Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) at 13 different points in the inner, middle, and outer bends of the sections located at significant bends along the channel. Depth-averaged velocity, velocity profiles, bed shear stress, and turbulence kinetic energy parameters were considered to understand the flow behavior in the meandering channel. A 1:1 scale numerical model of the experimental setup was generated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method through the verified FLOW-3D software (HYDRO 2022R1). It was found to be successful in estimating all parameters and was capable of investigating the flow behavior in the meandering channel. Additionally, a mesh independence study was performed, and four different turbulence models were compared. As a result, as the flow encountered the first meander in the channel, secondary flow occurred, and lateral momentum transfer took place. Therefore, velocity increased by approximately 30% from the first meander of 180° angles to the second meander of 120° angles. Therefore, the most critical zone was the inner bend of the 120-angle meander.
Experimental Study on the Sloshing of a Rectangular Tank under Pitch Excitations
Authors: Liu Kun , Li Xianshu , Peng Peng , Zhou Zefeng , Gao Zhenguo
Published: May 2024

Fluid sloshing within containers subjected to external motion is a crucial yet intricate phenomenon with implications across various industries. This study investigates sloshing in a rectangular liquid tank through a series of experiments examining pitch excitations with diverse excitation frequencies and amplitudes across different liquid carrying rates. By analyzing pressure data and imagery of the free liquid surface, statistical trends in peak pressure at measurement points within the tank are identified, revealing the nonlinear behavior of the fluid. Spectral analysis generates power spectrum curves that delineate frequency components and energy distribution within the sloshing dynamics. Key findings include the identification of resonance-induced violent sloshing at a 20% liquid-carrying rate and a resonant frequency shift at a 70% liquid-carrying rate due to nonlinearity, displaying a “soft spring” characteristic in the frequency response. The free liquid surface exhibits four distinct waveforms depending on frequency. Notably, at a 70% liquid-carrying rate and resonant frequency excitation, three-dimensional vortex waves emerge, highlighting a complex three-dimensional effect within the tank. The power spectrum shows that the dominant response frequency aligns with the excitation frequency and its multiples. This investigation enhances our understanding of the intricate nature of sloshing in various liquid-carrying conditions, offering insights valuable for diverse industrial applications.
‘I feel many of my reflections are forced’: International medical graduates’ perspectives on reflection in UK general practice training: a mixed methods qualitative study
Authors: Emery Laura Jayne , Jackson Ben , Mitchell Caroline
Published: May 2024

Background

UK general practice training requires trainees to evidence clinical competencies through reflective writing entries in online portfolios. Trainees who complete their medical degree in the UK experience reflection as an undergraduate, whereas 80% of international medical graduates (IMGs) have no previous experience of reflection.

Aim

To explore IMGs’ perspectives on the positive and negative aspects of reflection in the context of postgraduate GP training.

Design & setting

A mixed-methods qualitative study undertaken in the UK. Qualitative ‘free-text’ survey data obtained in 2021 were analysed. The themes were further explored by semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022–2023.

Method

Participants were IMGs with experience of the UK GP training scheme. Verbatim open-question survey data underwent content analysis. Broad themes identified were used to develop the interview topic guide. A geographically dispersed, purposive sample of participants were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Interview and survey data were then analysed thematically.

Results

In total, 433 participant datasets are included: 422 of 485 responses to a UK-wide survey, including open questions, and 11 interview transcripts. IMGs considered reflection to provide an effective approach for learning, an opportunity for self-assessment and professional development, and a means of developing self-awareness. Concerns were expressed about how time-consuming recording reflection is, how its mandated aspect makes it forced, and fears regarding the medico-legal consequences of reflective writing.

Conclusion

Despite a lack of previous experience in reflection, most IMGs showed an understanding of the benefits of reflection in GP training. However, the challenges of reflection must be addressed, to avoid devaluing reflection for clinical learning.
EMPOWERMENT OF CADRES IN REDUCING THE RISK OF CERVICAL CANCER THROUGH TRAINING AND MENTORING IN CIMAHI UTARA DISTRICT
Authors: Wiryanti Wiwin , Mulyati Sri , Hidayanti Desi , Farhati Farhati , Sakti Bani
Published: May 2024

Background: Cancer is dead cause largest in women. With purpose optimizing effort prevention and control cancer in Indonesia, it is necessary existence effort massive done by all party good government nor Public in prevention and control cancer. There are several things that can conducted for reduce risk cancer cervix for WUS in the District North Cimahi is primary prevention secondary and tertiary . Therefore, efforts to prevent and overcome cancer cervix must held by comprehensive through a long term program length , so that each girls and teens woman could protected from disease cancer . Public must play a role active in implementation of the Prevention and Overcoming Program cancer cervix
Method : M method used is a descriptive study of the results of community service activities regarding the formation of group care health reproduction in reduce risk cancer cervix in Cimahi City . The approach implemented is the Inter Professional Collaboration (IPC) on the Regional Service scheme. The number of partners is 20 North Cimahi cadres. The activity is carried out for 2 semesters, from January to October 2022. The location of the activity is in North Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia.
Result : there is an increase ability knowledge , Improvement skills , use of extension media , the formation of group Public care drop incident Cancer Cervix as well as enhancement scope VIA examination . Recommended _ Keep cadre increase knowledge and skills as IVA Test cadres , Procurement and use of counseling media the work of the PKW Team in To do counseling for community , Continuing cooperation with Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Bandung in develop performance group Public care drop incident Cancer Cervix
Conclusion : . Hope you guys Keep going increase knowledge and skills as IVA Test cadres , Procurement and use of counseling media the work of the PKW Team in To do counseling for community , Continuing cooperation with Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Bandung in develop performance group Public care drop incident Cancer Cervix
Ayahuasca nas causas e sintomas da depressão: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Charafeddine Dias Mariah Caroline , Bitenocurt Rafael Mariano de
Published: May 2024

Introdução. A depressão afeta mais de 300 milhões de pessoas globalmente, é considerada uma das principais preocupações de saúde pública, sendo referida como o "mal do século". Caracterizada por diversos sintomas, desde tristeza profunda até pensamentos suicidas, o tratamento convencional envolve o uso de antidepressivos, frequentemente acompanhados de psicoterapia, mas a eficácia é variável e paliativa e a busca por melhores alternativas é urgente. Nesse contexto, a Ayahuasca, bebida psicoativa, utilizada há mais de 5000 anos por indígenas da Amazônia para cura física, mental e espiritual, emerge como uma potencial solução. Composta por duas plantas, o cipó Banisteriopsis caapi e as folhas de Psycotria viridis. Contendo compostos como DMT, a bebida tem sido estudada pelos benefícios terapêuticos que oferece. Objetivo. Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a ayahuasca no tratamento das causas e sintomas da depressão Método. Revisão narrativa. Resultados. O uso da ayahuasca está associado a melhorias na função cognitiva, níveis mais baixos de psicopatologia e relatos de bem-estar por usuários regulares, além de resultados promissores nos sintomas depressivos com apenas uma dose. Conclusão. Os trabalhos incluídos sugerem que a Ayahuasca não apenas pode aliviar os sintomas da depressão, mas também pode alcançar as raízes do distúrbio, proporcionando mecanismos psicológicos semelhantes ao mindfulness. Mais estudos são necessários para confirmar o alcance terapêutico da Ayahuasca na causa da depressão.
Physical education of students in the conditions of distance education
Authors: Babachuk Yuliia , Mysiv Volodymyr , Rodikov Volodymyr , Ivanenko Oleksandr , Koshliak Mykhailo
Published: May 2024

The article shows the importance of the role of motor activity in human life. The specially organized motor and physical activity of the student is distinguished, and the importance of vocational and applied physical training and general special physical training of the student for a person is proven. To overcome adaptation and transfer the whole organism to a higher level of functioning, movement qualities of different scales of influence are grouped. Ways to create effective conditions are shown for teaching the rational technique of sports movements. The purpose, task, organization, and stages of the process of physical education in higher education institutions in distance form are disclosed. The most effective methods and techniques in the conditions of distance learning, which change the attitude of students toward their health care, are analyzed. An experimental study of the analysis of the daily motor activity of students of higher education in the conditions of distance learning was carried out. Recommendations for overcoming the negative manifestations of distance learning have been developed and the most significant ways of reducing a sedentary lifestyle and maintaining an active physical form have been highlighted.
Rhetorical and virtual communication: innovative characteristics of future professionals' communication culture
Authors: Shulyhina Raisa , Kochubei Mykola , Lashkul Valerii , Malyk Yuliana , Titarenko Svitlana
Published: May 2024

The article clarifies the main characteristics of the culture of professional communication of future specialists and verifies the effectiveness of the implementation of the author's system of forming the culture of rhetorical and virtual communication of future specialists to enrich the professional experience of future specialists for professional activities. The content of research concepts is disclosed and the main aspects of the manifestation of the culture of professional communication of future specialists are highlighted, its main qualitative communicative characteristics, the most effective factors of professional communication of future specialists, and criteria of productivity of the style of professional communication of future specialists are proposed. The main aspects of the rhetoric of professional communication are emphasized. The importance of virtual professional communication of future female and male specialists with the active introduction of remote technologies into the system of modern education is shown. Exercises for the development of professional communication culture skills of future specialists are offered. The study confirmed the practicality of introducing the developed author's system of formation of the culture of rhetorical and virtual communication of future specialists into professional training.