bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN PENGUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL UNTUK MEMBANGUN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Saleh Fauzi
Published: October 2016

Local wisdom is the precious heritage in building dignified society. Therefore, it should be explored and promoted in human life. This agenda must necessarily be carried out by an institution that has sufficient capability and capacity.Faculty as the heart of the nation with its human resources should have been involved inprocessing of thinking out the wisdom. The involvement would be done gradually and continuously from planning to transfer to the users (community) with the appropriate and accurate approaches. Revitalization and reactualization, transformation of culture, cultural development priorities, and the development of wisdom values-based character building through development, to be a step of local wisdom reactualization should be part of the theology faculty activity
TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN ILMU-ILMU USHULUDDIN MENYONSONG PERUBAHAN IAIN AR-RANIRY MENJADI UIN
Authors: Wahid Abdul
Published: October 2016

Theology faculty as the vessel of developing basic Islamic studies that has an important position among the other faculties. The experience of changing institution to be university shown that theology faculty “desert” of applicants. Therefore, readiness and progress of Islamic Theology faculty under the State Islamic University (UIN) of course determine the future history of Islamic Theology.This struggle would be faced with all the seriousness of the academic community. Establishing the Faculty of Islamic Theology in the new form to be a demand. On the other hand, the academic communities of Islamic Theology Faculty are required to initiate a new paradigm in the world of work.
THE EFFECT OF A HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE HUMAN CAPITAL QUALITY
Authors: Patimah Siti
Published: October 2016

Higher education has a very strategic position to determine the quality of human capital. Therefore, a higher education must always strive to provide quality assurance services to the interested parties. The more quality customer service is given, the more college customer will satiesfied that have an impact on the increasing investment of the human resources (Human Capital).

Keywords: Higher Education, Human Capital
GUS DUR DAN PEMIKIRAN LIBERALISME
Authors: Salleh Kamarudin , Yusuf Khoiruddin Bin Muhammad
Published: October 2016

Studi keislaman oleh para sarjana telah melahirkan corak-corak pemikiran. Salah satu dari corak itu adalah pemikiran liberal. Di Indonesia terdapat beberapa tokoh yang diidentifikasi telah melahirkan atau menyuguhkan pemikiran-pemikiran Islam yang liberal, di antaranya tersebut misalnya nama Harun Nasution, Nurchalish Madjid, Abdurrahman Wahid, dan lain-lain. Tulisan ini bermaksud fokus pada salah satu tokoh, yakni Abduurahman Wahid yang tenar dipanggil dengan Gus Dur. Apa saja pemikiranpemikiran Gus Dur yang dipandang liberal, tulisan ini bermaksud untuk membahas hal itu.

Keyword: Gus Dur, pemikiran liberal, ideologi, demokrasi
HADIS-HADIS HUKUM YANG KONTRA PEMBARUAN AL-QUR’AN: Tinjauan Pola Pemahaman Mu’abbad dan Mu’aqqat
Authors: Abubakar Ali
Published: October 2016

Artikel ini ditulis untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana pola pemahaman ulama terhadap hadis-hadis yang tampak kontra dengan semangat al-Qur‟an dan bagaimana alternatif pola pemahaman terhadap hadis-hadis tersebut sehingga produk fikih yang dihasilkan serasi dengan semangat al-Qur‟an? Ini dilakukan mengingat ada ketidaksinkronan antara sebagian teks-teks hadis hukum dengan semangat umum al-Qur‟an. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori yang mengatagorikan hadis menjadi dua, yaitu mu‟abbad (berlaku universal dan abadi) dan mu‟aqqat (berlaku hanya untuk masa dan kondisi tertentu). Kesimpulannya, ulama mazhab cenderung memahami hadis-hadis yang tampak bertentangan dengan al-Qur‟an hadis-hadis tasyrīʻiyyah dengan pola pemahaman lafẓiyyah; menganggapnya sebagai hadis-hadis mu‟abbad yang berlaku universal, lintas waktu dan tempat, dan berlaku ketat. Dengan pendekatan asbāb al-nuzūl dan asbāb al-wurūd al-ḥadīts dalam makna yang luas—sejarah sosial hukum Islam, ditemukan bahwa hadis-hadis yang tampak bertentangan dengan al-Qur‟an tersebut harus dipahami berlaku berbatas waktu atau pada masa Nabi Muhammad hidup di Semenanjung Arabia abad ke-7 Masehi. Dengan demikian, hadis-hadis tersebut dikategorikan kepada hadis-hadis mu‟aqqat, yang berlaku temporal; hanya pada masa, kondisi sosial masyarakat pada atau yang sama dengan di Semenanjung Arabia pada abad ke-7 Masehi.

Keywords: mu'abbad,  mu'aqqat, semangat al-Qur‟an, hadis.
The Eloquence of the Holy Quran : Reading in " Risalat Al-Nukat Fi Al-Quran " As Perceived by Al-Rummany (384 of the Hegira) – view and analyze –
Authors: Al Daakheel Majid
Published: October 2016

This study aims at examining the Eloquence of the Holy Quran as Perceived by Al-Rummany (384 of the Hegira) at the effect of some scholars, in regard  to its ways sections, chapters, types and instances saw some modern scholars  because the researcher really believes in the connection of Arab thetoric and its  sciences with old Arab Qurani studies peculiar to the topic of the wondrous nature of the holy Quran. This study especially analyze Al-Rummany's  "Risalat Al-Nukat Fi Al-Quran ", in a detailed, descriptive way. 

 

الملخص :تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن بلاغة القرآن الكريم عند "الرّماني" من حيث وجهاتها ووجوهها وأقسامها وأبوابها وأنماطها وشواهدها؛ نظراً لإيمان الدارس الحقيقي بصلة البلاغة العربية وعلومها بالدراسات القرآنية العربية القديمة الخاصة بقضية  الإعجاز القرآني، وتستهدف – هذه الدراسة – بصفة خاصة- رسالة  " النكت في إعجاز القرآن للرّماني" نظرياً، وتحليلها تحليلاً تفصيلياً وصفياً. 
Leadership Influence Toward Professionalism In Teaching And Learning Quality At Iain Raden Intan Bandar Lampung
Authors: Patimah Siti
Published: October 2016

This research was conducted at IAIN Raden Intan Bandar Lampung which is aimed at revealing the influence of leadership on the lecturers’ professionalism and teaching-learning quality. The study uses a quantitative approach through descriptive correlation technique and regression by using parametric statistical analysis. The research findings show that the three hypothesis can be accepted as supported by empirical as following: 1) the influence of leadership upon lecturers’ professionalism is 12.5%, with the strength low correlation as (0.354); 2) the leadership influence toward the learning quality is 0.81% with a low correlation strength i.e. 0.285; and 3) the lecturers’ professionalism influence on learning quality is equal to 63.9%, with a strong correlation (0.799).
Eschatological Expression In The Holy Text (A Preliminary Hermeneutical Exploration on Selected Eschatological Narratives in the Qur’an and the Bible)
Authors: Musadad Asep Nahrul
Published: October 2016

One of the key concept that lies in almost every religions, as asserted in each holy texts, is eschatological doctrine. The apocalyptic belief in the last day has been existed throughout the history of civilizations with the various expression. Eschatological narrative in the holy texts ought to deemed as a historical text that revealed within its space and time. Accordingly, it is a historizing thing, which contains plenty of stories besides it’s sacred messages. This sense of historical awareness is pointed out – for example – by the eschatological narratives in the Qur’an which strongly influenced by socio-religious circumstances and topographical conditions in Arabian Peninsula at the time of revelation, as the Bible that has cased up its eschatological narratives based on a certain historical event: the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD by Roman soldiers. The central purpose of this paper is to explore the connection and influence of the certain historical moments on the style and construction of both, the Qur’an and the Bible eschatological narratives, through a simple hermeneutical analysis.                   

 

Abstrak: Salah satu konsep kunci yang melandasi hampir seluruh agama, sebagaimana tertera dalam kitab-kitab sucinya adalah persoalan eskatologis. Kepercayaan apokaliptik akan adanya hari akhir terdapat hampir di setiap sejarah peradaban dalam beberapa ekspresi yang berbeda. Narasi eskatologis dalam beberapa teks suci hendaknya tidak hanya dilihat sebagai teks suci yang turun di ruang yang kosong. Dalam hal ini, ia menyejarah dan memberikan suatu kisah lain di samping pesan sakralnya. Hal ini terlihat jelas bagaimana narasi eskatologis dalam Al-Qur’an sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosio-religius dan keadaan topografis semenanjung Arab ketika itu. Begitu juga dengan Bibel yang mengemas narasi eskatologisnya berdasarkan suatu even sejarah tertentu, dalam hal ini penghancuran Yerusalem oleh bangsa Romawi pada tahun 70 M. Tulisan ini mencoba menakar keterpengaruhan narasi eskatologis dalam kedua kitab suci tersebut oleh beberapa entitas historis yang melingkupinya dengan menggunakan suatu analisis hermeneutis yang sederhana.

Keywords: Eschatology, Phenomenology, Hermeneutic, Al-Qur’an, Bible
Gratification in The Perspective of The Positive Law in Indonesia
Authors: Fazzan Fazzan , Ali Abdul Karim
Published: October 2016

A set of rules about gratification is a novelty within society and is perceived to collide with the cultural of giving in the Islamic society in Indonesia. This study is aimed to explore the meaning of gratification from the positive perspective of law in Indonesia, and the boundaries of gratification, which is interdicted by the laws. This study used the nor- mative method which analyzes the positive law in Indonesia regulating the gratification. The result of this study shows that gratification in the positive law perspective has a wide meaning including each tribute for civil employee or governance. According to Indonesia laws, gratification could be either positive or negative. Gratification which is allowed by the laws is a gift with a pure tension of the giver to the civil employee or governance without expecting to achieve anything. In contrary, grati- fication which is not allowed by the laws is a gift for the civil employee or governance because of the position in that employment and unrelated with the duty or order.
KH. MUHAJIRIN AMSAR CONTRIBUTION ON LEGAL HADITH INTERPRETATION
Authors: Hakim Masykur
Published: October 2016

The word ‘contribution’ is originally derived from English word which means to help or  donations, for example “His contribution to art literature was very great, which meansa very large contribution to the literature.Or a meaningful contribution to charity which equal understanding to donations to charity.

Furthermore, etymologically speaking the word ‘sharh’ (interpretation) is derived from the Arabic sharaha which means‘to explain’, ‘to open’, ‘to pave’. And too, the word  ‘sharh’ is usually used to describe the meaning of the hadith, while the word ‘tafsir’ is usually used to explain the meaning of the Qur'an.   For the impelementation, the word tafsiris exclusively concerning with the interpretationof the qur'anic meaning.  While sharh, relies on hadith interpretation, its content, conclusion (istinbath) for bothlegalormoralof the Prophet’s words, or explaining other disciplines.
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING FOR MILITARY SOLDIER AT ISKANDAR MUDA MILITARY COMMAND (A Theocentrical Humanism Approach)
Authors: Husein Ahmad
Published: October 2016

This study aims to reveal the process of soldier's mental development in Iskandar Muda Military Command, both seen from the selection process to be soldier in educational institutions as well as in the unit assignment. This research is expected to find the development pattern in accordance with the challenging tasks for the National Military (TNI) ahead. By using a qualitative approach, this research has achieved several findings: 1) in the selection process, a soldier was just demanded to fundamentally have religious understanding without a standard point for depth understanding of religion, 2) in the first stage of education, the subject matter of religion only a broad outline of religious teachings, 3) religious activities is not part of military trainings curriculum, but it is merely education administrators’ policy, 4) the soldiers in unit deemed to have knowledge of the religion and an unwavering faith. Despite the fact that soldiers’ religious knowledge is still very low, while the faith is generally used as the symbolic emphasis that is less discussed. As a result, it is feared that mentality weakness when facing a tough task, both faced with the sophistication of tools, strategies and mental demands in modern warfare in the future.
ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL DYNAMIC IN MINANGKABAU (AN 86-YEAR JOURNEY OF MADRASAH DINIYAH PASIA)
Authors: Fithri Widia
Published: October 2016

Islamic Education in Minangkabau is one of the contributors to the Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. In the recent decade, such statement is resounded to reproduce Muslim intellectuals in the present and in the future. What and how is the history of Islamic education atmosphere in Minangkabau in maintaining its existence? This paper will explore one of the Islamic educational institutions in Minangkabau, Madrasah Diniyyah Pasia. In the world of Islamic education in Minangkabau, the name of Madrasah Diniyyah Pasia is that popular, but this Madrasah has survived though it has undergone several changes in its education system. Since July 1, 1992, the Madrasah has adopted a boarding school system. Some names recorded to have been in contact with the Madrasah are Sheikh Abdul Latif Syakur, Prof. Mahmud Yunus, Prof Zakiyah Derajat and Prof Hashim Djalal.
A Design of Finite Memory Residual Generation Filter for Sensor Fault Detection
Authors: Kim Pyung Soo
Published: October 2016

In the current paper, a residual generation filter with finite memory structure is proposed for sensor fault detection. The proposed finite memory residual generation filter provides the residual by real-time filtering of fault vector using only the most recent finite observations and inputs on the window. It is shown that the residual given by the proposed residual generation filter provides the exact fault for noise-free systems. The proposed residual generation filter is specified to the digital filter structure for the amenability to hardware implementation. Finally, to illustrate the capability of the proposed residual generation filter, numerical examples are performed for the discretized DC motor system having the multiple sensor faults.
Hydrological Implications of Climate Change on River Basin Water Cycle: Case Studies of the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basins, China
Authors: Liu Liu , Xu Zongxue , Li Rong , Wang Youzhi
Published: October 2016

Climate change is a global issue that draws widespread attention from the international society. As an important component of the climate system, the water cycle is directly affected by climate change. Thus, it is very important to study the influences of climate change on the basin water cycle with respect to maintenance of healthy rivers, sustainable use of water resources, and sustainable socioeconomic development in the basin. In this study, by assessing the suitability of multiple General Circulation Models (GCMs) recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and Automated Statistical Downscaling model (ASD) were used to generate future climate change scenarios. These were then used to drive distributed hydrologic models (Variable Infiltration Capacity, Soil and Water Assessment Tool) for hydrological simulation of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, thereby quantifying the effects of climate change on the basin water cycle. The results showed that suitability assessment adopted in this study could effectively reduce the uncertainty of GCMs, and that statistical downscaling was able to greatly improve precipitation and temperature outputs in global climate mode. Compared to a baseline period (1961–1990), projected future periods (2046–2065 and 2081–2100) had a slightly decreasing tendency of runoff in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. In particular, a significant increase in runoff was observed during flood seasons in the southeast part. However, runoff of the upper Yellow River basin decreased continuously. The results provide a reference for studying climate change in major river basins of China.
Pengujian Efektivitas Penggunaan Pupuk ZK terhadap Hasil dan Mutu Tembakau Madura
Authors: Murdiyati A.S , Herwati Anik , Suwarso .
Published: October 2016

Tembakau madura merupakan bahan baku rokok keretek. Tembakau ini berkembang utamanya di Kabupaten
Pamekasan dan Sumenep, kemudian meluas sampai ke Kabupaten Sampang. Salah satu permasalahan
yang dihadapi adalah status kalium (K) tanah di Madura umumnya rendah sampai sedang, dan gejala kekahatan
(kekurangan) akan kalium ini sudah terdeteksi sejak tahun 1989. Pengujian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
efektivitas pemberian pupuk ZK terhadap produksi dan mutu tembakau madura di lahan petani. Pengujian
dilakukan pada 22 unit lahan petani di Kecamatan Guluk-Guluk, Kabupaten Sumenep. Perlakuan
adalah pemupukan dengan 100 kg ZK per hektar. Sebagai kontrol adalah 22 unit lahan petani yang tidak
menggunakan pupuk ZK. Dari hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian 100 kg ZK per hektar pada
tembakau madura dapat meningkatkan indeks mutu 19,3%, harga tembakau Rp4.019,00/kg (19,4%), indeks
tanaman 27,3% dan penerimaan petani Rp2.267.818,00/ha (18,4%). Ratio tambahan keuntungan terhadap
tambahan biaya dengan penggunaan pupuk ZK 100 kg per hektar adalah 1,57.
Potensi Nematoda Patogen Serangga Steinernema spp. dalam Pengendalian Hama Utama Tanaman Kapas
Authors: Prabowo Heri , Indrayani I.G.A.A.
Published: October 2016

Steinernema spp. memiliki potensi untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman kapas seperti Helicoverpa armigera dan Pectinophora gossypiella. Steinernema spp. mampu menyebabkan mortalitas P. gossypiella dan H. armi-gera berturut-turut sebesar 31,6–55,4 dan 46,3–63,8%. Steinernema spp. memiliki kemampuan membunuh lebih baik pada P. gossypiella, sedangkan kemampuan reproduksi dalam inangnya lebih baik pada H. armi-gera. Steinernema spp. mampu menginfeksi serangga inang lebih baik pada stadium ulat lebih tua diban-dingkan stadium muda. Steinernema spp. dapat diproduksi secara in vivo dan in vitro. Produksi secara in vivo dapat menggunakan Tenebrio molitor, Tirathaba rufivena, dan Attacus atlas. Produksi secara in vitro dapat menggunakan usus ayam, lemak sapi, dan minyak kedelai. Perlu dikembangkan formulasi Steinerne-ma spp. yang murah dan efektif untuk mengendalikan hama di atas permukaan tanah. Selain itu diperlukan pencarian isolat Steinernema spp. yang virulen dan cepat membunuh hama sasaran.

 

Steinernema spp. could be potentially used for controlling H. armigera and P. gossypiella on cotton. Steiner-nema spp. causes mortality on P. gossypiella and H. armigera 31,6–55,4 and 46,3–63,8% respectively. The nematode causes a higher mortality on P. gossypiella than on H. armigera, however, produces more juvenile infective on H. armigera than on P. gossypiella. Higher successful infections of Steinernema spp. occurs on late larval stadium than on early one. Production of Steinernema spp. can be in vivo using Tenebrio molitor, Tirathaba rufivena, and Attacus atlas; and in vitro using chicken intestinum, cow lipid, and soy bean oil. For effecttively use, this nematode need to be formulated especially for controlling insect pests on soil surface, as well as finding the more virulent isolates against the target insects.
Pengaruh Kondisi Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Produksi dan Mutu Tembakau Temanggung
Authors: Nurnasari Elda , Djumali .
Published: October 2016

Tembakau temanggung banyak dibudidayakan pada daerah pegunungan, terutama di lereng Gunung Sum-bing dan Gunung Sindoro. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap produksi dan mutu tem-bakau temanggung maka dilakukan percobaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap pro-duksi dan mutu tembakau temanggung. Percobaan pot dilakukan di Kabupaten Temanggung-Jawa Tengah, pada bulan Maret–Agustus 2008 dengan 3 perlakuan lokasi tumbuh yang mempunyai perbedaan elevasi tempat, yakni (1) Desa Tlilir berelevasi 1395 m dpl, (2) Desa Wonotirto berelevasi 1245 m dpl, dan (3) Desa Sunggingsari berelevasi 880 m dpl dengan media tanah yang sama (seri Wonotirto). Perlakuan disusun da-lam rancangan tersarang dengan 9 ulangan, dimana ulangan tersarang dalam perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa lokasi tumbuh mempengaruhi produksi dan kadar nikotin tembakau yang dihasilkan. Produksi rajangan kering tertinggi (28,3 g/tanaman) diperoleh dari tembakau yang ditanam di Desa Wono-tirto sedangkan kadar nikotin tertinggi (6,24%) diperoleh Desa Tlilir. Perbedaan lokasi tumbuh diikuti oleh perbedaan unsur-unsur lingkungan (temperatur udara, kelembapan udara relatif, curah hujan, dan jumlah hari hujan) selama masa hidup tanaman. Unsur lingkungan yang mempengaruhi produksi adalah temperatur udara, kelembapan relatif, curah hujan, dan jumlah hari hujan. Adapun unsur lingkungan yang mempenga-ruhi kadar nikotin adalah elevasi tempat, temperatur udara, dan kelembapan relatif.

 

Temanggung tobacco is cultivated in highly areas, especially at Sumbing and Sindoro mountainside. To de-termine the effect of land elevation on yield and quality of temanggung tobacco, experiment had been con-ducted at different land elevation. Pot experiment was conducted in the Temanggung Regency-Central Java, on March–August 2008 with 3 treatments of growth location which has different site altitude, that is (1) Tlilir with site altitude 1395 m above sea level (asl), (2) Wonotirto with site altitude 1245 m asl, and (3) Sung-gingsari with site altitude 880 m asl with the same soil (Wonotirto series). The treatments were arranged in nested design with nine replications, which the replications were nested in the treatment. Result showed that growth location affect on yield and nicotine content. The highest production of dried sliced (28.3 g/ plant) was obtained in Wonotirto while the highest nicotine content (6.24%) was obtained in Tlilir. Differences in growth location followed by the difference of the environmental elements (air temperature, relative humi-dity, rainfall, and number of rainy days) during the lifetime of the plant. Environmental element that affect the production is the air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and number of rainy days. The environmen-tal elements that affect the nicotine content is the site altitude, air temperature, and relative humidity.
Evaluasi Ketahanan Aksesi Wijen Terhadap Tungau Daun Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)
Authors: S.W Tukimin , Purwati Rully Dyah
Published: October 2016

Evaluasi ketahanan aksesi wijen terhadap tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro, mulai April sampai Desember 2007.Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui tingkat ketahanan aksesi wijen termasuk terhadap keriting daun yang disebabkan oleh P. latus. Perlakuan terdiri atas 25 aksesi wijen disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok, diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilaku-kan mulai 25 hari setelah tanam (hst) dengan interval pengamatan 10 hari sekali sampai 75 hst. Parameter pengamatan meliputi: (1) Skor kerusakan daun (intensitas serangan) pada sepertiga bagian atas tanaman, (2) jumlah telur, larva, nimfa, dan imago P. latus dari daun yang terserang tungau. Pengamatan dilakukan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat (Balittas). Hasil pengujian menun-jukkan bahwa satu aksesi tahan yaitu China Hitam; 17 aksesi termasuk kategori agak tahan: Si 50, Si 51, Si 52, Si 57, Si 58, Si 59, Si 60, Si 61, Si 63, Si 65, Si 66, Si 69, Si 75, Sbr 1, Sbr 2, Sbr 3, dan Sbr 4; dan tujuh aksesi termasuk kategori rentan yaitu Si 45, Si 53, Si 54, Si 55, Si 56, Si 62, dan Si 64.

 

Resistance of sesame germ plasm to mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) was evaluated at Sumberrejo Experimental Station, Bojonegoro from April to December 2007. The treatment consisted of 25 accessions which were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The resistance was observed at 10 days interval from 25 days after planting (dap) to 75 dap. The parameters observed were: (1) Score of leave damage intensity; (2) Microscopic observation on total eggs, larvae, nymph, and adult of mites. The results showed that based on leaves damage intensity at 75 dap, one accession was categorized as resistance (China Black); 17 accessions were moderately resistance (Si 50, Si 51, Si 52, Si 57, Si 58, Si 59, Si 60, Si 61, Si 63, Si 65, Si 66, Si 69, Si 75, Sbr 1, Sbr 2, Sbr 3, and Sbr 4); and 7 accessions were susceptible (Si 45, Si 53, Si 54, Si 55, Si 56, Si 62, and Si 64). Total of egg population, larvae, nymph, and adult of mite was positively correlated to leave damage intensity.
Respon Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Terhadap Lima Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT)
Authors: Nurnasari Elda , Djumali .
Published: October 2016

Pengembangan tanaman jarak pagar mengalami beberapa kendala, di antaranya produksi biji yang rendah. Hal ini terkait dengan rendahnya jumlah bunga betina yang dihasilkan dalam satu malai. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) terhadap pertumbuhan, pem-bungaan, dan produksi jarak pagar, dilakukan di KP Asembagus pada bulan Januari−Desember 2010. Lima jenis bahan aktif ZPT meliputi paclobutrazol, asam geberelin (GA3), asam naptalin asetik (NAA), mepiquat klorida, dan 2,4-D, serta perlakuan kontrol (tanpa bahan aktif ZPT), diaplikasikan pada tanaman jarak pagar berumur 1 tahun dan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian me-nunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ZPT mempengaruhi jumlah cabang, jumlah bunga jantan, jumlah bunga betina, dan jumlah buah, namun tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman dan lebar kanopi. NAA menghasilkan jumlah buah yang paling banyak (121,4 buah per tanaman) sedangkan GA3 mempercepat pemunculan bunga (8,33 hari setelah aplikasi).

 

Development of physic nut is facing some problems, one of them is low seed production. This is related to the low number of female flowers which are produced in a panicle. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of plant growth regulator (PGR) on growth, flowering, and seed production, it was conducted at Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo from January to December 2010. Five kinds of plant growth re-gulator i.e. paclobutrazol, geberelline acid (GA3), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), mepiquat chloride, and 2,4-D, and control (without PGR) were applied on one-year-old of J. curcas and arranged in a randomized block de-sign with three replications. The results showed that PGR application affects the number of branches, male flower, female flower, and fruit, but not affected plant height and canopy width. NAA gave the highest number of fruit, i.e. 121.4 capsules per plant, and GA3 triggered the earliest flowering, i.e. at 8.33 days after application.
Prospek Pengembangan Kapas Organik di Indonesia
Authors: Yulianti Titiek
Published: October 2016

Sistem pertanian organik pada tanaman pangan mulai diminati masyarakat karena produknya lebih sehat dan pengelolaannya memperhatikan lingkungan, siklus biologi, dan keanekaragaman hayati setempat. Kecende-rungan ini merembet ke tanaman nonpangan, seperti kapas yang menggunakan pestisida dan pupuk sintetis sangat besar. Syarat pengembangan kapas organik cukup ketat karena selain larangan menggunakan bahan kimia sintetis, juga pendokumentasian untuk memperoleh sertifikat organik. Meskipun serat kapas organik harganya lebih tinggi, namun produktivitasnya cenderung rendah. Keuntungan yang paling signifikan dalam pengembangan kapas organik adalah perbaikan lingkungan, mulai dari kesuburan lahan, aktivitas mikroba, dan siklus biologi sampai peningkatan keanekaragaman hayati. Pengembangan kapas di Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah rendahnya produktivitas dan pemenuhan kebutuhan dalam negeri sehingga pengem-bangan kapas organik belum menjadi prioritas meskipun kelestarian biologi dan lingkungan harus tetap di-perhatikan. Oleh karena itu, sistem pertanian input rendah yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan meru-pakan pilihan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk kapas.

 

People are now paying more interest on healthy products from organic agriculture especially for food crops. Organic agriculture system based on ecological concern which enhances biodiversity, biological cycles of the land. This interest is now moving to nonfood crops, such as cotton that need high concentration of pesticide and fertilizer for its production. Developing organic cotton requires strictly standard and condition, such as no synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides, or detail documents to get organic sertificate. Although, price of organic cotton fiber is higher, but its production is lower compared to conventional one. However, there are still significant advantages in developing organic cotton, i.e. environmental improvements: from soil ferti-lities, microbial activities, biological cycles to promoting biodiversity. At the moment, the need of cotton fiber is mainly from import, on the other side organic cotton productivity tends to low. Hence, development of or-ganic cotton is not priority, yet biological and environmental sustainability ask for attention. Another alterna-tive choice which more practicable to develop cotton in Indonesia is a sustainable and ecofriendly with low input agricultural system.
Keefektifan Kalsium Polisulfida terhadap Rhizoctonia solani dan Rhizoctonia bataticola secara In Vitro
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Wijayanti Kristiana Sri , Asbani Nur
Published: October 2016

Rhizoctonia solani dan R. bataticola merupakan jamur patogen pada tanaman kapas yang sulit dikendalikan, karena dapat menghasilkan sklerosia sebagai struktur istirahatnya di dalam tanah meskipun tidak ada inang. Perlindungan tanaman sejak awal perlu dilakukan untuk melindungi dari serangan patogen tersebut. Pengguna-an kalsium polisulfida yang merupakan pestisida ramah lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengenda-likan penyakit yang diakibatkan kedua jamur tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan kalsium polisulfida dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola secara in vitro. Tu-juh level konsentrasi kalsium polisulfida yakni 0% (kontrol); 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2%; 2,5%; dan 3% masing-masing dituang ke dalam cawan petri kemudian ditambahkan dengan 10 ml media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Inokulum R. solani dan R. bataticola masing-masing secara terpisah diinokulasikan setelah media pa-dat dan diinkubasi pada suhu kamar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara in vitro, kalsium polisulfida hanya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselia jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola sampai dengan hari kedua setelah perlakuan. Setelah itu persentase penghambatannya berangsur-angsur menurun.

 

Both of Rhizoctonia solani and R. bataticola are the difficult fungal pathogens to control since they can pro-duce sclerotia as the resting spore in the soil even though there is no host. An early plant protection is im-portant to defend from the pathogen infection. The use of calcium polysulfide, an environmentally friendly pesticide, could be an alternative method to control diseases caused by both of them. The objective of this research was to identify the potency of calcium polysulfide in inhibiting of R. solani and R. bataticola growth in vitro. There were seven level of concentration of calcium polysulphide, ie. 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%, were poured onto petridish and added by PDA medium. R. solani and R. bataticola inocula were inoculated onto agar plate separately and incubated in room temperature. The result indicated that calcium polysulfide could inhibit the growth of R. solani and R. bataticola in vitro until two days after inoculation (dai), after that its capability was decreased slowly.
Toleransi Beberapa Galur Unggul Kapas pada Tumpang Sari dengan Kacang Hijau
Authors: Riajaya Prima Diarini , Kadarwati Fitriningdyah Tri
Published: October 2016

Tanaman kapas dalam program pengembangan selalu ditanam secara tumpang sari dengan palawija. Pera-kitan varietas kapas untuk mendapatkan galur yang mempunyai toleransi tinggi terhadap sistem tumpang sari dengan palawija perlu/penting dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji galur-galur unggul ka-pas yang mempunyai toleransi tinggi terhadap sistem tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau. Pengujian dilakukan di Asembagus mulai bulan Februari sampai Juli 2009. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam galur unggul kapas: 99022/1, 99002/2, 99023/5, 98037, 98045/40/11, 98050/9/2/4 dan dua varietas pembanding: Kanesia 13 dan Kanesia 14. Galur-galur kapas tersebut merupa-kan hasil persilangan yang mempunyai keunggulan dalam produktivitas dan mutu serat, serta ketahanan terha-dap hama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur kapas yang toleran terhadap sistem tumpang sari de-ngan kacang hijau adalah galur 98050/9/2/4, dengan hasil kapas berbiji 1.940 kg/ha dan hasil kacang hijau 276 kg/ha, peningkatan hasil kapas berbiji sebesar 10,9% pada sistem tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau dibanding pada sistem monokultur dengan persentase terhadap potensi hasil 92% dan nilai kesetaraan lahan (NKL) ter-tinggi (1,57). Galur 98050/9/2/4 menunjukkan keragaan yang lebih unggul daripada Kanesia 13 dan Kanesia 14.

 

Cotton is mainly grown under intercropping system with secondary food crops. Cotton breeding program to get high tolerance under multiple cropping with secondary crop should be conducted. Research of cotton in-tercropped with mungbean was done in Asembagus Experimental Station from February to July 2009. The field trial was lay out in a randomized block design with three replications. Monoculture of cotton and mung-bean were sown to calculate land equivalent ratio (LER). The treatments were 6 cotton lines (99022/1, 99002/2, 99023/5, 98037, 98045/40/11, 98050/9/2/4) and 2 cotton varieties (Kanesia 13 and Kanesia 14) as control varieties. The cotton lines tested were yields of cross breeding that had advantages in improving yield, lint quality, and resistance to pest. Results showed that cotton lines 6 (98050/9/2/4) was tolerant to intercropping system with mungbean yielded seed cotton and mungbean 1,940 kg/ha and 276 kg/ha, increased by 10.9% than solecrop with percentage to yield potential 92% and the highest LER (1.57). Cotton line 98050/9/2/4 had higher yield performance under intercropping than Kanesia 13 and Kanesia 14.
Prospek Ekstrak Daun Tembakau Sebagai Nematisida Nabati
Authors: Wiratno . , Siswanto . , Trisawa I.M.
Published: October 2016

Nematisida nabati adalah salah satu jenis nematisida alami yang saat ini sedang banyak dipelajari peranan-nya dalam mengendalikan nematoda. Nematisida ini relatif aman bagi lingkungan dan organisme hidup karena bahan aktifnya berasal dari senyawa metabolit sekunder tanaman yang mudah terurai. Pemanfaatan senyawa metabolit sekunder tanaman sebagai bahan aktif nematisida nabati didasarkan pada fungsinya bagi tanaman, di antaranya sebagai sarana untuk perlindungan diri dari serangan hama dan penyakit. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan adalah tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). Daun tembakau mengandung senyawa nikotin dan secara in vivo mampu membunuh nematoda Meloidogyne incognita dengan nilai LC50 dan LC90 berturut-turut sebesar 1,9 dan 3,6 mg ekstrak/ml air. Nematoda yang mati terpapar ekstrak daun tembakau berbentuk keriting (curly), menyerupai bentuk nematoda yang mati terpapar insektisida organo-fosfat dan karbamat yang menghambat pembentukan senyawa acetylcholine dalam sistem syaraf organisme hidup. Fenomena ini dapat dijadikan salah satu indikator untuk mendeteksi cara kerja berbagai senyawa se-kunder tanaman dalam membunuh hama yang hingga kini masih belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan dari penu-lisan tinjauan ini adalah untuk mengkaji prospek ekstrak daun tembakau sebagai nematisida nabati, juga sebagai alternatif diversifikasi pemanfaatan tembakau selain untuk bahan baku rokok.

 

Botanical nematicide is one type of natural pesticide, which is currently being studied for its role in the control of nematodes. This nematicide is safer for the environment and living organisms as the active ingredient de-rived from secondary metabolite of plants is biodegradable. Utilization of this compound as active ingredients of botanical nematicide is based on naturally used as a mean of self-protection against pests and diseases. One plant that potentially to be used as nematicide is tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Tobacco leaves extract is able to kill the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, with LC50 and LC90 values are 1.9 and 3.6 mg extract/ml of water, respectively. Body of the dead nematodes exposed by this extract shows curly shape similar to that of exposed by an organophosphate and carbamate groups, which acts as acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors. Meanwhile the body of naturally dead nematode shows straight shape. This phenomenon can be used as an indicator to detect the mode of action of plant secondary metabolite compounds that have not been widely known. This paper would discuss about possibility of using extracted tobacco leaf as botanical nematicide, and also alternatife of tobacco diversification usage except cigarette.
Kesesuaian Galur-Galur Harapan Kapas Berdaun Okra dalam Sistem Tumpang Sari Dengan Kedelai
Authors: Riajaya Prima Diarini , Kadarwati Fitriningdyah Tri
Published: October 2016

Galur-galur kapas berdaun okra atau menjari berpotensiuntuk ditanam pada tata tanam rapat dalam sistem tumpangsari dengan palawija karena bentuk daun yang menjari dapat meneruskan intersepsi cahaya ke ca-bang bagian bawah, namun kesesuaiannya perlu diteliti. Penelitian lapang dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Ka-rangploso, Malang mulai AprilsampaiSeptember 2011 bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur-galur kapas ber-daun okra yang sesuai pada sistem tumpang sari dengan kedelai. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah 4 galur harapan kapas berdaun okra dan 2 varietas kapas berdaun normal terdiri atas 98031/1/7, 98039/6, 98040/3, 98048/2, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 10. Galur-galur kapas tersebut tahan terhadap hama penggerek buah dan mempunyai tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang tiga kali. Monokultur kapas dan kedelai ditanam untuk menghitung penurunan produksi tumpang sari terhadap monokultur dan menghitung Nilai Kesetaraan Lahan (NKL). Parameter yang diamati pada ta-naman kapas adalah tinggi tanaman, lebar kanopi, jumlah cabang vegetatif dan generatif, serta jumlah buah/ tanaman setiap dua minggu mulai 60–120 HST. Bobot buah, jumlah buah terpanen, hasil kapas berbiji, dan hasil kedelai diamati saat panen. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati pada jagung maupun kedelai adalah tinggi tanaman dan lebar kanopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan galur kapas berdaun okra yaitu galur 98048/2 mempunyai kesesuaian yang tinggi bila ditumpangsarikan dengan kedelai dengan hasil kapas 1.888 kg/ha dan kedelai 1.492 kg/ha, dengan 67,3% dari potensi hasil galur tersebut dan NKL 1,3. Tingkat penurunan hasil kapas dan kedelai masing-masing 33% dan 39% terhadap monokultur. Hasil kapas monokultur galur 98048/2 tertinggi dibanding galur okra lainnya yaitu 2.837 kg/ha, dengan 101,1% dari potensi hasil galur tersebut. Penurunan hasil kedelai lebih tinggi (45–47%) bila ditumpangsarikan dengan kapas berdaun nor-mal dibanding galur okra (36–44%).

 

 
Konservasi Musuh Alami Mendukung Budi Daya Tanaman Kapas Tanpa Penyemprotan Insektisida
Authors: Nurindah .
Published: October 2016

Pengendalian serangga hama pada pertanaman kapas pada umumnya masih menggunakan insektisida kimia sintesis, walaupun sistem PHT telah dikenal dan diterapkan. Pengelolaan hama yang berdasarkan pemaham-an agroekologi dengan memperhatikan musuh alami sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik serangga hama yang efektif menghasilkan pengendalian hama tanpa penyemprotan insektisida. Pengelolaan hama dalam sistem budi daya kapas tanpa penyemprotan insektisida tersebut meliputi penggunaan varietas kapas yang mempu-nyai ketahanan penuh atau moderat terhadap wereng kapas, konservasi musuh alami melalui perlakuan benih dengan imidakloprit sebelum tanam atau penyediaan pakan musuh alami dengan penyemprotan molases (te-tes) tebu, dan penerapan ambang kendali dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan predator. Penerapan sis-tem budi daya kapas tanpa penyemprotan insektisida menyebabkan budi daya kapas lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan, sehingga dapat berdampak pada minat petani untuk berusaha tani kapas.

 

Although IPM concept has been recognized and applied in cotton fields, the use of synthetic chemical insec-ticides are still widespread in many places across the country. One of the reasons is because the role of na-tural enemies to control the pests is not yet well understood. Pest management based on understanding of natural enemies of pests as an effective biotic mortality factor is important and will result in cotton pest con-trol without insecticide sprays. The strategy for pest management without insecticide sprays consists of the use of resistant or moderately resistant cotton varieties, conservation of natural enemies through seed treat-ment or artificial food spray with molasses, and the application of action threshold that consider the preda-tor’s presence. Cotton cultivation system without insecticide spray will cause more efficient and environ-mentally friendly cultivation that provides a positive impact on the farmers eager to grow cotton.
Why do firms hold cash? Evidence from Korean stock listings
Authors: Moon Sub Choi Paul , Hwa Choi Joung
Published: October 2016

Corporate governance and the availability of external financing can be important determinants of corporate cash holdings. In this research, in line with Opler et al. (1999), the authors find that Korean firms’ cash holdings are affected by firm-level characteristics including firm size, leverage, market to book, cash flow ratio, net working capital, and cash flow volatility in addition to corporate governance. Rather than agency-prone, the authors can ascribe the increase in cash holdings to the precautionary corporate demand for cash (Campbell et al., 2001). The authors also report that operating risks stemming from cash flow volatility, unavailability of external finance, credit rating downgrades, etc., may be associated with precautionary corporate demand for cash. Lastly, it is documented that corporate governance proxied for by block and/or insider ownership stakes is inversely associated with corporate cash holdings.
Keywords: demand for money, corporate governance, corporate cash holding. JEL Classification: G39, E41, G34
The role of commodities investments in the decumulation phase of retirement
Authors: Hua Fan John , K. Wiafe Osei
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the role of commodity-related investments in the decumulation phase of retirement. Benchmarked against a balanced portfolio, the findings suggest that including commodities in a traditional portfolio improves the retirement outcomes at the lowest percentiles of wealth distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that downside protection is more pronounced by reducing allocation to equities (rather than bonds) to invest in alternatives. An equally weighted combination of passive and active commodity-related investments provides superior downside protection compared to a traditional portfolio at all levels of allocations used in the analysis. As a consequence, commodities may be employed as a portfolio diversification tool particularly in the decumulation phase of retirement.
Keywords: alternatives, commodities, life cycle, superannuation, retirement. JEL Classification: G11, G23
Critical assessment of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPIC) Initiative in Africa and the Implication of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) (2001-2016): a theoretical perspective
Authors: Innocents Edoun Emmanuel , Motsepe Dikgang
Published: October 2016

Many African countries have been struggling to achieve sustainable economics in order to contribute in putting Africa in the path for socio-economic development. This is partly due to the burden of debt that hangs over many African countries that borrowed funds from multilateral partners irresponsibly. As a result of this, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank put in place in 1996 a strategy to provide debt relief to countries that were struggling to repay their debts. This debt relief initiative was reviewed in 1999 to provide adequate results. This paper is, therefore, a critical assessment of HIPIC and the implication of NEPAD from 2001 to date.
Keywords: HIPIC, NEPAD, IMF, World Bank, socio-economic development. JEL Classification: H62, H63
Managing airport service quality – the impact of self-service technologies
Authors: Seda Otieno Protus , Govender Krishna
Published: October 2016

The impact of self-service technologies on service quality at a major international airport in South Africa, was determined using an adapted SERVQUAL instrument, which focused on Reliability, Convenience, Ease of Use and fulfillment, by developing and testing three hypotheses, which postulated relationships between the aforementioned. The data from a systematic random sample of 318 passengers collected during peak hours at the international departures terminals was analyzed using inferential statistics, confirmed that there is an association between convenience and fulfilment; between ease of use and fulfilment, and between reliability and fulfilment, although some relationships were not very strong. SSTs have addressed the long queues at the airport and improved passenger service experience. The findings must, however, be interpreted with caution as there are inherent limitations and opportunities for further research.
Keywords: service experience, self-service, technology, airport service. JEL Classification: M31
Perceived impact of public sector leadership on road infrastructure service delivery
Authors: Gqaji Andile , Gerwel Proches Cecile , Green Paul
Published: October 2016

It is well documented that road infrastructure is an important catalyst of the South African economy because of the interchange of people, goods and services which are dependent upon transport. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived impact of public sector leadership on road infrastructure service delivery. A qualitative methodology approach was employed using a purposive sampling technique. Twenty in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with respondents from both the public and private sectors. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the findings of this research indicate that public sector leadership is ineffective in driving road infrastructure development. The results also suggest that the lack of accountability and corruption hinders the delivery of infrastructure.
Keywords: accountability, corruption, engineering, government, South Africa. JEL Classification: L3, L92, H11