bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal distribution of tributyltin in the coastal environment of the Croatian Adriatic (2016-2023): TBT remains a cause for concern
Authors: Furdek Turk Martina , Vrana Ivna , Milačič Radmila , Ščančar Janez , Dautović Jelena , Ciglenečki Irena , Mikac Nevenka
Published: September 2024

This work presents a spatial and temporal distribution of tributyltin (TBT) and TBT pollution assessment of the Croatian Adriatic coast in the period 2016 – 2023. The monitoring of TBT pollution was carried out within the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC). TBT concentrations were measured at 63 sites in coastal and transitional waters in three compartments - water, sediments and mussels. The ranges of TBT concentrations were <0.06 – 6.40 ng(TBT)/L in the water column, <1 – 2546 ng(TBT)/g(d.w.) in sediments, and <1 – 655 ng(TBT)/g(d.w.) in mussels, while transitional waters were in general more polluted than coastal waters. Monitoring of TBT concentrations in water showed that 30% of monitored sites were continuously polluted with TBT with average annual concentrations exceeding AA-EQS [0.2 ng(TBT)/L], while 20% of the sites had concentrations in sediments above the proposed EQS for sediments [1.6 ng(TBT)/g(d.w.)]. In mussels, TBT was detected at 70% of the sites with more than 60% of the sites exceeding the OSPAR criteria [12.6 ng(TBT)/g(d.w.)], indicating that the occurrence of imposex in gastropods at these sites is very likely. Only a slight decrease in TBT levels was observed over the investigated period, but concentrations at most contaminated sites did not fall below the EQS. This study shows that, despite the ban of TBT-based antifouling paints more than 15 years ago (except for public and military vessels), contamination of the Croatian Adriatic coast with TBT still exists and regular monitoring is essential. The TBT distribution was primarily determined by the vicinity of the pollution source, i.e. shipping traffic, but the role of physicochemical parameters, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and transparency of the water column, should not be disregarded as well as the influence of hydrodynamics in the transitional waters. Although monitoring of TBT concentrations in water is an established approach to assess recent pollution, this long-term study has shown that mussels can be the most reliable indicator of pollution in a given area over the last several months.
Dynamics of phytoplankton communities in the Baltic Sea: insights from a multi-dimensional analysis of pigment and spectral data—part I, pigment dataset
Authors: Canuti Elisabetta , Penna Antonella
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the seasonal and spatial distribution of surface phytoplankton communities in the Baltic Sea, using pigment analysis and hydrological parameters. Data were collected during six oceanographic campaigns between 2005 and 2008, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment characterization and hydrological measurements. The first part of this comprehensive study was focused on the HPLC phytoplankton pigment dataset in relation to hydrological conditions. The research highlighted the importance of high-quality input data for accurate taxonomic analysis. Several unsupervised machine learning approaches, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and network-based community detection analysis (NCA), were used to analyze the data and identify phytoplankton communities based on biomarker pigments. Five main phytoplankton communities were identified: diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, green algae, and cyanobacteria. The results evidenced distinct seasonal patterns, with diatom blooms dominating in spring, cyanobacterial blooms in mid-summer, and haptophyte and dinoflagellate peaks occurring in late summer and autumn. While PCA and NCA provided consistent insights into community structure, HCA offered less clarity in distinguishing between groups. The results of the statistical analysis were then compared with those of traditional approaches such as CHEMTAX and region-specific bio-optical algorithms, providing new perspectives on the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton groups. This study provides valuable insights into phytoplankton dynamics in the Baltic Sea and the effectiveness of different analytical approaches in understanding community structure, providing metrics that can enhance current and future advancements in remote sensing, including support for hyperspectral ocean color remote sensors.
Opportunistic infections changed before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a retrospective single-center study in China
Authors: Fan Zhenzhen , Zhou He , Zhang Jiaqi , Liu Xiaoning , Wu Tong , Shi Yanting , Lin Junchao , Liang Jie
Published: September 2024

Objective

SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a serious worldwide public health concern. However, there is currently insufficient data to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection would affect opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods

A retrospective study included 451 IBD patients (294 UC and 157 CD). The IBD patients were divided into two groups: before SARS-CoV-2 infection and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and outcomes were measured for these groups. The primary outcome was the presence and distribution of opportunistic infections. The secondary outcomes included factors associated with opportunistic infections, based on which a nomogram prediction model was developed and validated.

Results

After SARS-CoV-2 infection, the proportion of IBD patients with opportunistic infections by Clostridium difficile (21.31% vs. 14.01%, p = 0.044) and Epstein–Barr virus (13.93% vs. 4.35%, p = 0.001) was significantly higher compared to that before. Conversely, the proportion of patients with hepatitis B virus (3.69% vs. 10.14%, p = 0.006) and herpes simplex virus type I (1.23% vs. 4.35%, p = 0.04) infections was significantly lower after the infection. Additionally, pre-SARS-CoV-2 infection factors associated with opportunistic infections in IBD include duration of illness, red blood cell count, the presence of comorbid chronic illnesses, and alcohol consumption, while post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, the primary risk factors involve corticosteroid use, red blood cell count, protein level, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Conclusion

After the SARS-CoV-2 infection, there has been a shift in the occurrence of opportunistic infections among IBD patients. It might be attributed to the use of corticosteroids and also the strengthening of containment measures, heightened public health awareness, and widespread vaccination.
Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates cultured from Japanese adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Goto City, Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Taiga , van der Linden Mark , Hirano Katsuji , Maeda Takahiro , Kohno Shigeru , Gonzalez Elisa N. , Zhang Pingping , Isturiz Raul E. , Gray Sharon L. , Grant Lindsay R. , Pride Michael W. , Gessner Bradford D. , Jodar Luis , Arguedas Adriano G.
Published: September 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Japan. Here, we report the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of cultured pneumococcal isolates from Japanese adults aged ≥18 years with CAP. This was a prospective, population-based, active surveillance study conducted in Goto City, Japan from December 2015 to November 2020. Pneumococcal isolates from sterile sites (blood and pleural fluid) and non-sterile sites (sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage) were cultured as part of the standard of care. S. pneumoniae were serotyped using the Quellung reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using microdilution and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Isolates resistant to erythromycin were phenotyped using the triple-risk test and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 156 pneumococcal isolates were collected (138 from sputum, 15 from blood, and 3 from bronchoalveolar lavage) from 1992 patients. Of these, 142 were non-duplicate isolates from unique patients and were included in the analyses. Serotypes contained within the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) (including 6C), PCV15 (including 6C), and PCV20 (including 6C and 15C) were detected in 39 (27%), 45 (32%), and 80 (56%) of 142 isolates, respectively. The most common serotypes were 35B (12%), 11A (11%), and 3 (11%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 96/142 (68%) isolates. Of the 96 MDR isolates, 31, 32, and 59% were PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 serotypes, respectively; the most common MDR serotypes were 35B (16%), 6C, 10A, and 15A (9% each), and 3 and 11A (8% each). A total of 119 isolates were resistant to macrolides; 41 (35%) had an M phenotype, 53 (45%) had an iMcLS phenotype, and 25 (21%) had a cMLS phenotype. In conclusion, pneumococcal serotypes 35B, 11A and 3 were most frequently associated with pneumonia and antimicrobial resistance was common among pneumococcal isolates from adults with CAP in Goto City, Japan. Implementing higher-valency PCVs May help reduce vaccine-type CAP among Japanese adults.
Expanding the molecular landscape of childhood apraxia of speech: evidence from a single-center experience
Authors: Formicola Daniela , Podda Irina , Dirupo Elia , Andreucci Elena , Giglio Sabrina , Cipriani Paola , Bombonato Clara , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Chilosi Anna
Published: September 2024

Background

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a genetically heterogeneous pediatric motor speech disorder. The advent of whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing techniques has led to increased identification of pathogenic variants in CAS genes. In an as yet uncharacterized Italian cohort, we aimed both to identify new pathogenic gene variants associated with CAS, and to confirm the disease-related role of genes already reported by others. We also set out to refine the clinical and neurodevelopmental characterization of affected children, with the aim of identifying specific, gene-related phenotypes.

Methods

In a single-center study aiming to explore the genetic etiology of CAS in a cohort of 69 Italian children, WES was performed in the families of the 34 children found to have no copy number variants. Each of these families had only one child affected by CAS.

Results

High-confidence (HC) gene variants were identified in 7/34 probands, in two of whom they affected KAT6A and CREBBP, thus confirming the involvement of these genes in speech impairment. The other probands carried variants in low-confidence (LC) genes, and 20 of these variants occurred in genes not previously reported as associated with CAS. UBA6, ZFHX4, and KAT6A genes were found to be more enriched in the CAS cohort compared to control individuals. Our results also showed that most HC genes are involved in epigenetic mechanisms and are expressed in brain regions linked to language acquisition processes.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm a relatively high diagnostic yield in Italian patients.
Exploring causal associations of antioxidants from supplements and diet with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in European populations: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Lifei , Zhang Xinguang , Yao Wenbo , Xue Zheng
Published: September 2024

Background

Antioxidants from both supplements and diet have been suggested to potentially reduce oxidative stress in individuals with ADHD. However, there is a lack of studies utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to explore the relationship between dietary and supplemental antioxidants with ADHD.

Methods

This study employed two-sample mendelian randomization. Various specific antioxidant dietary supplements (such as coffee, green tea, herbal tea, standard tea, and red wine intake per week), along with diet-derived circulating antioxidants including Vitamin C (ascorbate), Vitamin E (α-tocopherol), Vitamin E (γ-tocopherol), carotene, Vitamin A (retinol), zinc, and selenium (N = 2,603–428,860), were linked to independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Data on ADHD was gathered from six sources, comprising 246,888 participants. The primary analytical method utilized was inverse variance weighting (IVW), with sensitivity analysis conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings.

Results

In different diagnostic periods for ADHD, we found that only green tea intake among the antioxidants was significantly associated with a reduced risk of ADHD in males (OR: 0.977, CI: 0.963–0.990, p < 0.001, FDR = 0.065), with no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity observed in the results. Additionally, a nominal causal association was found between green tea intake and childhood ADHD (OR: 0.989, 95% CI: 0.979–0.998, p = 0.023, FDR = 0.843). No causal relationships were detected between the intake of other antioxidant-rich diets and ADHD.

Conclusion

Our study found a significant inverse association between green tea intake and male ADHD, suggesting that higher green tea consumption may reduce ADHD risk in males. Further research is needed to explore optimal doses and underlying mechanisms.
Effect of pilot-scale high-temperature short-time processing on the retention of key micronutrients in a fortified almond-based beverage: implications for fortification of plant-based milk alternatives
Authors: Redan Benjamin W. , Zuklic Joseph , Cai Jiarui , Warren Joshua , Carter Coleton , Wan Jason , Sandhu Amandeep K. , Black Darryl Glenn , Jackson Lauren S.
Published: September 2024

The effect of thermal processing treatments on key micronutrients in fortified almond-based beverages has not been well characterized. An almond-based beverage was produced in a pilot plant, fortified with vitamin A palmitate, vitamin D2, riboflavin (vitamin B2), calcium carbonate, and zinc gluconate, and was processed using various high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization treatments. Naturally present micronutrients in the base ingredients included several B vitamins (vitamin B1 [thiamin], total vitamin B3 [sum of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid], and total vitamin B6 [sum of pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine]) and minerals (magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium). The prepared almond-based beverage was homogenized and thermally processed using HTST pasteurization with a temperature range from ~94 to 116°C for a constant time of 30 s. The samples were analyzed for vitamin A palmitate, vitamin D2, target B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, total vitamin B3, and total vitamin B6), and minerals (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and zinc). The results showed that amounts of vitamin A, vitamin D2, riboflavin, and total vitamin B6 did not significantly (p > 0.05) change after the HTST treatments, whereas thiamin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 17.9% after HTST treatment at 116°C. Interestingly, total vitamin B3 content significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 35.2% after HTST treatment at 116°C. There was no effect of processing on the minerals that were monitored. The results from this study indicate that the majority of key micronutrients assessed in this study are stable during HTST processing of an almond-based beverage and that fortification of plant-based milk alternatives may be a viable process to enhance the micronutrient content consumers receive from these products.
Malignant acanthosis nigricans with oral manifestations in a young female: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Zijian , Cao Wuling , Liu Yang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Almost all cases of malignant acanthosis nigricans with oral manifestations occurred in older age groups. Here, we report a case of malignant acanthosis nigricans in a young female presented with chief complaints of oral mucosal hyperplasia, who had previously been diagnosed with allergies.

Case presentation

A 30-year-old female developed oral hyperplasia and rash following seafood consumption, with subsequent resolution of the rash but persistent oral lesions and the appearance of pigmentation on her hands, neck, and axillae. Clinical examination revealed papillomatosis, hyperemia, and velvety hyperplasia in the oral cavity. Biopsy results confirmed papillary hyperplasia. Despite the patient’s belief in good health, she was advised to undergo further systemic examinations. Elevated serum tumor markers and histologic analysis of an endoscopic biopsy confirmed gastric cancer with duodenal infiltration, leading to the diagnosis of malignant acanthosis nigricans. Unfortunately, the patient passed away due to heart failure during chemotherapy treatment.

Conclusions

The majority of patients with malignant acanthosis nigricans present with oral lesions before the underlying malignancy is detected, emphasizing the importance of timely comprehensive systemic examination. Furthermore, our case suggests that age may not be a restrictive factor for the development of malignant acanthosis nigricans, and the presence of a rash can potentially obscure the cutaneous manifestations associated with this condition.
Ciclesonide exhibits lung-protective effects in neonatal rats exposed to intra-amniotic enterotoxin
Authors: Mielgo Victoria , Gastiasoro Elena , Catozzi Chiara , Ricci Francesca , Gomez-Solaetxe Miguel A. , Murgia Xabier , Rey-Santano Carmen
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Despite the advances in perinatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be a highly prevalent chronic lung disease that affects newborns, especially affecting premature newborns. There is no specific cure for BPD, and treatments aimed at reducing the risk of developing BPD focus mainly on lung-protective ventilation strategies, surfactant therapy, and/or corticosteroid administration. Our objective was to evaluate whether systemic postnatal administration of a new glucocorticoid, ciclesonide, can attenuate the alteration of lung structure and pulmonary hypertension in a rat model of chorioamnionitis-induced BPD, with minimal adverse effects on the developing brain.

Methods

Endotoxin (ETX) or saline was administered to pregnant rats by intra-amniotic (i.a.) injection on day 20 of pregnancy, and pups were delivered by cesarean section on day 22. Ciclesonide (0.5 mg/kg) was administered postnatally for five consecutive days to pups previously exposed to i.a. ETX. On postnatal day 14, we assessed lung function (compliance), lung structure (radial alveolar count, mean linear intercept, pulmonary vessel density), pulmonary hypertension, and brain histology (edema, inflammation, apoptosis, hemorrhage, and infarction).

Result

On postnatal day 14, the effects of i.a. ETX administration were evident in neonatal rats not receiving treatment; these animals showed impaired lung compliance, disrupted lung structure, and developing pulmonary hypertension compared to those receiving i.a. saline. Postnatal administration of ciclesonide for 5 days was associated with significantly better outcomes in terms of lung compliance, alveolarization, lung vascular growth, and pulmonary hypertension, without affecting the brain histological parameters evaluated.

Conclusion

Postnatal ciclesonide administration preserved lung function and structure and prevented pulmonary hypertension in a BPD model induced by antenatal i.a. ETX administration, without causing any adverse effects on brain development. These findings suggest that the new glucocorticoid, ciclesonide, may provide a novel strategy for the prevention of BPD; however, more long-term studies are required.
Sustained antiviral response against in vitro HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from people with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with ponatinib
Authors: Manzanares Mario , Ramos-Martín Fernando , Rodríguez-Mora Sara , Casado-Fernández Guiomar , Sánchez-Menéndez Clara , Simón-Rueda Alicia , Mateos Elena , Cervero Miguel , Spivak Adam M. , Planelles Vicente , Torres Montserrat , García-Gutiérrez Valentín , Coiras Mayte
Published: September 2024

HIV-1 infection cannot be cured due to long-lived viral reservoirs formed by latently infected CD4+ T cells. “Shock and Kill” strategy has been considered to eliminate the viral reservoir and achieve a functional cure but the stimulation of cytotoxic immunity is necessary. Ponatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) clinically used against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) that has demonstrated to be effective against HIV-1 infection in vitro. Several TKIs may induce a potent cytotoxic response against cancer cells that makes possible to discontinue treatment in people with CML who present long-term deep molecular response. In this longitudinal study, we analyzed the capacity of ponatinib to induce an antiviral response against HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from people with CML previously treated with imatinib for a median of 10 years who changed to ponatinib for 12 months to boost the anticancer response before discontinuing any TKI as part of the clinical trial NCT04043676. Participants were followed-up for an additional 12 months in the absence of treatment. PBMCs were obtained at different time points and then infected in vitro with HIV-1. The rate of infection was determined by quantifying the intracellular levels of p24-gag in CD4+ T cells. The levels of p24-gag+ CD4+ T−cells were lower when these cells were obtained during and after treatment with ponatinib in comparison with those obtained during treatment with imatinib. Cytotoxicity of PBMCs against HIV-infected target cells was significantly higher during treatment with ponatinib than during treatment with imatinib, and it was maintained at least 12 months after discontinuation. There was a significant negative correlation between the lower levels of p24-gag+ CD4+ T−cells and the higher cytotoxicity induced by PBMCs when cells were obtained during and after treatment with ponatinib. This cytotoxic immunity was mostly based on higher levels of Natural Killer and Tγδ cells seemingly boosted by ponatinib. In conclusion, transient treatment with immunomodulators like ponatinib along with ART could be explored to boost the antiviral activity of cytotoxic cells and contribute to the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir.
Red-light photons on skin cells and the mechanism of photobiomodulation
Authors: Herrera Manuel Alejandro , Ribas Arthur Pereira , da Costa Paulo Eduardo , Baptista Mauricio S.
Published: September 2024

Red light (600–700 nm, ∼2.1–1.8 eV) consists of a low-energy radiation with a high capacity to penetrate the skin and to induce stimulatory effects. These characteristics make this wavelength range very promising for light-based therapies. Aiming to discuss the mechanisms of action of photobiomodulation, we start by providing a broad perspective of the skin and of its interaction with light, focusing on the endogenous photosensitizers, on the formation of excited states and reactive oxidants, and on the activation of signaling effectors. The peculiar aspect of the photons in the red spectral range is that they are much less absorbed by the endogenous photosensitizers and consequently generate a lot fewer reactive oxidants (when compared with the other ranges of visible light), allowing the skin to mainly experience the consequences of several signaling pathways that are activated during the skin interaction with red-light photons. Indeed, the effects of red light in epithelial cells involve the control of metabolic responses, the modulation of several key genes and transcriptions factors, as well as the regulation of the intracellular nitric oxide stocks. In this article, we discuss how red light interacts with all these variables and end up causing a vigorous tissue activation. We also analyzed the effect of red-light photons on the nitric oxide homeostasis, with implications for the phototherapy of psoriasis. It is likely that several of the observations and mechanisms described for the interactions of red-light photons may also be occurring during and after the interaction with other photons with similar energy.
What do men and women envy each other for?
Authors: Kimplova Tereza , Krakovska Michaela , Badosek Radim , Cakirpaloglu Panajotis
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study explores the phenomenon of envy directed towards the opposite sex. Envy is a complex emotion that can manifest in various forms, often reflecting societal and biological influences. Previous research suggests a potential imbalance in the domains where men and women experience envy.

Methods

The research was conducted in the Czech Republic using a demographically representative sample of 1,769 individuals (867 men and 902 women). Respondents were asked what they envied about the opposite sex, and qualitative analysis was performed on their answers. A total of 32 distinct categories of envy were identified.

Results

The analysis revealed significant differences between men and women in the nature of their envy. Women expressed envy towards men in domains linked to biological conditions and social advantages, such as salary, prestige, physical strength, and the absence of menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. Men, on the other hand, envied women for their physical attractiveness, ease of seduction, ability to perform traditionally female tasks, and motherhood. Some categories, such as safety and tolerance, were shared by both genders, but the underlying reasons differed. For instance, women envied men for not having to fear being alone, while men envied women for being protected by men.

Discussion

These findings confirm existing evidence of a gender imbalance in envy. The study also uncovered a novel form of envy, termed “ablative envy”, which refers to the desire for the absence of an unpleasant quality. This suggests that envy between the sexes is deeply rooted in both biological and social factors, offering new insights into gender dynamics.
Addressing infodemic for pandemic preparedness in the digital age: a focus on Middle Africa
Authors: Penka Marthe Bogne , Tangang Andrew , Alang Wung Ernest , Tata Kelese Mark , Okwen Patrick
Published: September 2024

Background

The 21st century has brought about a damaging information crisis, significantly challenging and undermining efforts to increase the uptake of scientific research evidence in both policy and practice. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes misinformation and disinformation as major drivers of pandemic spread and impact, dedicating a policy brief to pandemic preparedness on this issue. In this study, we examine the impact of mis/disinformation on the use of research evidence in public policy decision-making in West and Central Africa and reflect on how this can inform future pandemic preparedness.

Objectives

What factors affect the uptake of scientific evidence during disease outbreaks in Africa?

Methods

We used the JBI Scoping Review and Prevalence/Incidence Review methodologies to synthesize the best available evidence. A DELPHI survey was conducted in two stages: the first gathered experiences from policymakers, practitioners, and citizens in Cameroon, Nigeria, and Senegal regarding mis/disinformation and its impact. The second stage explored potential situations related to the issues identified in the first stage. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA.

Results

The research identified the origins (n = 5), transmission platforms (n = 15), cases (n = 4), mitigation strategies (n = 6), and impacts (n = 4) of infodemic on policy design, implementation, and uptake. Online platforms were identified as the main source of infodemic in 53.3% of cases, compared to 46.7% attributed to offline platforms. We conclude that the severity of COVID-19 as a global pandemic has highlighted the dangers of mis/disinformation, with a considerable number of studies from Middle Africa demonstrating a significant negative impact on the uptake of health policies and to an extend evidence informed policy making. It is also imperative to consider addressing evidence hesitancy in citizens through innovative and indigenous approaches like storytelling.

Discussions

Digital technologies, especially social media, play a key role in the propagation of infodemics. For future pandemic preparedness, stakeholders must consider using digital tools and platforms to prevent and mitigate pandemics. This study adds new evidence to the existing body of evidence, emphasizing the need to address infodemics within the context of future pandemic preparedness in Middle Africa.
Growing Up: Making Vertical Farms Even Smarter
Authors: Marcelis Leo F. M. , Kaiser Elias
Published: September 2024

Many people live in very big cities, and these mega-cities continue to grow in number and in size. However, living in a mega-city can mean that healthy fruits and vegetables are difficult to get. Vertical farming systems (VFS), farms that grow crops in stacked layers inside buildings, might be a solution. These systems allow farmers to control all environmental conditions, so that plants can grow well. The environments in many VFS stay the same all the time, but to do so, VFS use a lot of energy—mostly for lighting. What if we could change the conditions in VFS throughout the day and the growing cycle to save energy, without harming plant growth? In this article, we will explain how this strategy, which is called dynamic environmental control, can be used to vary the amount and timing of light plants receive, as well as other growth conditions. Farmers could use many sensors to monitor the plants, to make sure they still grow well and stay healthy under the changing conditions—saving money while producing lots of healthy food!
Short-term prediction of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over coastal Peru using a hybrid model
Authors: Mauricio Christian , Suclupe Jose , Milla Marco , López de Castilla Carlos , Kuyeng Karim , Scipion Danny , Rodriguez Rodolfo
Published: September 2024

The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) are transitional regions between the lower and upper atmosphere. The MLT dynamics can be investigated using wind measurements conducted with meteor radars. Predicting MLT winds could help forecast ionospheric parameters, which has many implications for global communications and geo-location applications. Several literature sources have developed and compared predictive models for wind speed estimation. However, in recent years, hybrid models have been developed that significantly improve the accuracy of the estimates. These integrate time series decomposition and machine learning techniques to achieve more accurate short-term predictions. This research evaluates a hybrid model that is capable of making a short-term prediction of the horizontal winds between 80 and 95 km altitudes on the coast of Peru at two locations: Lima (12°S, 77°W) and Piura (5°S, 80°W). The model takes a window of 56 data points as input (corresponding to 7 days) and predicts 16 data points as output (corresponding to 2 days). First, the missing data problem was analyzed using the Expectation Maximization algorithm (EM). Then, variational mode decomposition (VMD) separates the components that dominate the winds. Each resulting component is processed separately in a Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network whose hyperparameters were optimized using the Optuna tool. Then, the final prediction is the sum of the predicted components. The efficiency of the hybrid model is evaluated at different altitudes using the root mean square error (RMSE) and Spearman’s correlation (r). The hybrid model performed better compared to two other models: the persistence model and the dominant harmonics model. The RMSE ranged from 10.79 to 27.04 m s−1, and the correlation ranged from 0.55 to 0.94. In addition, it is observed that the prediction quality decreases as the prediction time increases. The RMSE at the first step reached 6.04 m s−1 with a correlation of 0.99, while at the sixteenth step, the RMSE increased up to 30.84 m s−1 with a correlation of 0.5.
Types of nasal deformities in individuals seeking rhinoplasty at governmental hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Abdullah D. , Alsuwayt Bashayr N. , Raghib Rana N. , Alsayer Rahaf S. , Albarrak Sarah M. , Alrasheedi Abdullah N. , Saleem Mohd , Afreen Sheeba , Friedman Oren
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study explores the profound impact of nasal structure on individuals' self-image and emotional well-being, emphasizing the increasing popularity of rhinoplasty in Saudi Arabia, influenced by societal beauty standards portrayed on social media. The investigation aims to unravel the complex interplay between demographic factors, such as gender and age distribution, and prevalent nasal deformities in a cohort of 293 participants.

Material and methods

This retrospective study at the University of Hail and King Khalid Hospital, Saudi Arabia, investigated nasal deformities in 293 participants aged 15–54. Ethical approval was obtained, and data, including bio-demographics and nasal deformities, were retrospectively reviewed. Statistical analyses, utilizing chi-square and Fisher exact tests, assessed associations, enhancing internal validity. The study targeted a diverse population, emphasizing ethical guidelines and systematic sampling.

Results

Our study of 293 participants revealed a prevalence of common nasal deformities. Dorsal hump deformity (59.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by external nasal deviation (54.6%). Significant gender differences were observed, with males more prone to external nasal deviation (65.6%), while decreased nasal tip rotation was more common in females (40.6%). Variations in nasal tip shape were statistically significant, with broad nasal tip shape more prevalent in females (35.2%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study highlights the prevalence of common nasal deformities, emphasizing significant gender variations. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of nasal anatomy, essential for informed decision-making in rhinoplasty.
Cubic q-Bézier Triangular Patch for Scattered Data Interpolation and Its Algorithm
Authors: Tamin Owen , Karim Samsul Ariffin Abdul
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an approach to scattered data interpolation using q-Bézier triangular patches via an efficient algorithm. While existing studies have formed q-Bézier triangular patches through convex combination, their application to scattered data interpolation has not been previously explored. Therefore, this study aims to extend the use of q-Bézier triangular patches to scattered data interpolation by achieving C1 continuity throughout the data points. We test the proposed scheme using both established data points and real-life engineering problems. We compared the performance of the proposed interpolation scheme with a well-known existing scheme by varying the q parameter. The comparison was based on visualization and error analysis. Numerical and graphical results were generated using MATLAB. The findings indicate that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme, demonstrating a higher coefficient of determination (R2), smaller root mean square error (RMSE), and faster central processing unit (CPU) time. These results highlight the potential of the proposed q-Bézier triangular patches scheme for more accurate and reliable scattered data interpolation via the proposed algorithm.
Study and Experimental Verification on Anti-Disturbance Control Strategy for Electro-Mechanical Servo Systems
Authors: Zheng Shicheng , Wang Deyi , Wei Jingkun , Yang Yunjie , Zhu Jihong
Published: September 2024

With technological advances and industrial upgrading, electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) have gradually replaced traditional hydraulic actuation systems. During operation, force servo systems inevitably suffer from external force or position disturbances, thus affecting the output performance of the system. Therefore, it is of significant engineering application value to develop EMA anti-disturbance control strategies that exhibit strong robustness and are more easily applicable to engineering practice. In this study, an open-loop transfer function of the system with command signals and disturbance signals as inputs was established based on the nonlinear mathematical models built for the core components of EMAs. To overcome the impact of external position disturbances on the motion performance of the force servo system, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller was introduced and a high-order transfer function associated with various parameters such as speed and acceleration was derived and obtained as feedforward compensation based on the mathematical model. By incorporating a three-loop PID controller, the impact of external disturbance forces on the motion performance of the position servo system was overcome and the tracking accuracy of the system was also improved. Finally, simulation models were built using AMESim software (AMESim 2020, LMS Imagine.Lab, Roanne, France) and a dual-channel EMA performance testing system was developed. Simulation and test results indicated that both anti-disturbance control methods exhibited strong robustness and excellent anti-disturbance performance, with the control accuracy and dynamic performance almost unaffected by disturbances. This verified the correctness of the single-channel EMA anti-disturbance control strategy and the usability of the simulation model.
Fault Diagnosis of Low-Noise Amplifier Circuit Based on Fusion Domain Adaptation Method
Authors: Zhang Chao , Du Peng , Zhou Dingyu , Dong Zhijie , He Shilie , Zhou Zhenwei
Published: September 2024

The Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) is a critical component of Radio Frequency (RF) receivers. Therefore, the accuracy of LNA fault diagnosis significantly impacts the overall performance of the entire RF receiver. Traditional LNA fault diagnosis is typically conducted under fixed conditions, but varying factors in practical applications often alter the circuit’s parameters and reduce diagnostic accuracy. To address the issue of decreased fault diagnosis accuracy under varying external or internal conditions, a fusion domain adaptation method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), referred to as FDA, is proposed. Firstly, a domain-adaptive diagnostic model was established based on the feature extraction capabilities of CNNs. The powerful deep feature extraction capabilities of CNNs and the adaptability of domain adaptation methods to changing conditions are leveraged to enhance both the generalization ability of diagnostic models and the environmental adaptability of diagnostic techniques. Secondly, the fusion of feature-mapping domain adaptation and adversarial domain adaptation further enhances the convergence speed and diagnostic accuracy of the LNA cross-domain fault diagnosis model in the target domain. Finally, various cross-domain experiments were conducted. The FDA method achieved an average fault diagnosis rate of 90.19%, which represents an improvement of over 30% in accuracy compared to a CNN and also shows enhancements over individual domain-adaptation methods.
It Is Not Enough: The Moderation Effect of Entrepreneurship Education in Mexican University Students
Authors: Melchor-Duran Irery L. , Pinzon Castro Sandra Yesenia , Cheyne-Garcia Alejandro , Alvarado-Carrillo Araceli
Published: September 2024

Understanding the impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial cognition of university students is relevant to finding ways to foster entrepreneurship that boost the economy in developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of personal attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention, and to discover if there exists a moderation effect of entrepreneurship education on the abovementioned aspects. We collected 343 questionnaires of students of the Center for Administrative and Economic Sciences of a Mexican university. We used structural equations through the method of partial minimum squares, and, to test the hypothesis, we used the Smart-PLS 3.0 software. The results indicate that entrepreneurship education does not have a significant moderation effect on the relationship between personal attitude on entrepreneurial intention and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention. However, there exists a significant and positive influence of personal attitude on entrepreneurial intention and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention. We conclude that current entrepreneurship education has the opportunity to create impactful outcomes because the theory is easy, but entrepreneurship in reality is hard and requires more effort. We recommend including a wider view with external resources like lectures of experts from the entrepreneurial ecosystem and support from government and potential investors, among other approaches.
Targeting Shallow Subsurface Sampling for Mars at Oxia Planum Using Fluvial Erosion–Deposition Modeling
Authors: Steinmann Vilmos , Kereszturi Ákos
Published: September 2024

A model-based surface fluvial erosion and deposition approach was adapted to Martian conditions to forecast the potential locations for shallow subsurface sampling by the Rosalind Franklin ExoMars rover at Oxia Planum. While remote and on-site images show only the surface visible features, former fluvial-related accumulation sites might be hidden. During the fluvial activity, most accumulation-related areas are interesting with regard to clay-like sediments, which could adsorb organics effectively—such sites could be identified by modeling. By applying the SIMWE fluvial erosion/deposition model, substantial variability in accumulation and deposition-dominated areas with their specific pattern and spatial distribution could be outlined, indicating that sophisticated targeting of future sampling could use such a model-based approach. At the main valley-like feature, former water flow tracks were identified, as well as deposition-dominated locations, which are the best targets for shallow subsurface sampling. Joint evaluation of safety aspects like slope angle and loose sand dunes with scientific aspects provide the best sampling locations. Such model-based targeting is important as by using only orbital images, these locations could not be identified.
Sequential Convex Programming for Reentry Trajectory Optimization Utilizing Modified hp-Adaptive Mesh Refinement and Variable Quadratic Penalty
Authors: Liu Zhe , Cui Naigang , Du Lifu , Pu Jialun
Published: September 2024

Due to the strong nonlinearity in the reentry trajectory planning problem for reusable launch vehicles (RLVs), the scale of the problem after high-precision discretization can become significantly large, and the non-convex path constraints are prone to exceed limits. Meanwhile, the objective function oscillation phenomenon may occur due to successive convexification, which results in poor convergence. To address these issues, a novel sequential convex programming (SCP) method utilizing modified hp-adaptive mesh refinement and variable quadratic penalty is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a local mesh refinement algorithm based on constraint violation is proposed. Additional mesh intervals and mesh points are added in the vicinity of the constraint violation points, which improves the satisfaction of non-convex path constraints. Secondly, a sliding window-based mesh reduction algorithm is designed and introduced into the hp-adaptive pseudospectral (PS) method. Unnecessary mesh intervals are merged to reduce the scale of the problem. Thirdly, a variable quadratic penalty-based SCP method is proposed. The quadratic penalty term related to the iteration direction and the weight coefficient updating strategy is designed to eliminate the oscillation. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed method can strictly satisfy path constraints while the computational efficiency and convergence of SCP are improved.
The Suitability of Algae Solution in Pea Microgreens Cultivation under Different Light Intensities
Authors: Frąszczak Barbara , Kula-Maximenko Monika , Li Caihua
Published: September 2024

Microgreens are young plants grown from vegetables, grain, or herb seeds in a controlled environment with artificial lighting. LED modules are the preferred option for indoor and vertical farming. Light intensity (LI) is crucial for plant growth and the synthesis of phytochemicals. The study aimed to assess whether growing microgreens under low light intensity but with the addition of algae would produce plants with similar parameters (biometric, active compound content) to those grown under higher light intensity. The experiment evaluated LED white light at two intensity levels: 115 µmol m−2 s−1 (low light, LL) and 230 µmol m−2 s−1 (high light, HL). Pea seeds were soaked in a 10% solution of Chlorella vulgaris algae or water before sowing, and the plants were watered or sprayed during growth with the same solutions. The results showed no positive effect of algae on plant biometric traits. However, plants treated with algae had a significantly higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content index. Light significantly influenced pea growth, with plants grown under high light (HL) showing greater weight, height, and plant area. Additionally, changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and light stress were observed in microgreens watered with water (AW and WW) under high light during the vegetative phase. Raman spectra also indicated changes in the chemical composition of microgreens’ leaves based on light intensity and treatment. Microgreens treated with algae solution during seed soaking and water during the vegetative phase produced much more carotenoids compared to other variants.
Blood Parameter Response in Growing Alpine Goat Kids Fed Diets Containing Extruded Flaxseed or Pumpkin Seed Cake
Authors: Klir Šalavardić Željka , Novoselec Josip , Đidara Mislav , Antunović Zvonko
Published: September 2024

Blood parameters can provide information on the nutritional status of goat kids, which is related to both health and performance. The present study aimed to research whether feeding extruded flaxseed (FS) and pumpkin seed cake (PC), as an alternative protein source in diets, has an effect on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of goat kids during growth. In the small-scale goat farm, 31 French Alpine goat kids aged 32 days were used for the study. The goat kids were subjected to three different feeding treatments: a mixture containing soybean meal and extruded soybeans (CON), a mixture containing 16% PC (PC-16), and a mixture containing 9% FS (FS-9). They were monitored during the suckling, weaning, and post-weaning growth periods. PC-16 and FS-9 in goat kids’ diets did not result in any changes regarding average daily weight gain. The WBC count was higher in goat kids fed FS-9 and PC-16 compared to CON (9.84 and 9.54 vs. 6.61 × 109 L) diets during the weaning period. GGT activity was lowest in the serum of goat kids fed PC-16 compared to CON post-weaning (38.65 vs. 48.40 U/L). In addition, FS-19 increased GPx compared to kids fed PC-16 post-weaning (809.7 vs. 600.8 U/L). Regarding blood parameters, PC-16 and FS-9 can be used in goat kids’ nutrition as alternative sources of proteins on a small-scale goat farm without compromising goat kids’ growth.