bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact-size Lightweight Beam-reconfigurable ESPAR Antenna with Parasitic Elements for UAV Applications
Authors: Kang Min-Jae , Choi Yu-Seong , Lee Wang-Sang
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a compact lightweight beam-reconfigurable antenna system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The antenna system consists of a central active monopole element surrounded by eight parasitic elements, which can be controlled using PIN diodes to switch the beam across four elevation angles and eight azimuth beams. This beam-reconfigurable antenna system has several advantages over traditional UAV antennas, including light weight, efficiency, and compactness. The antenna system operates at 5.09 GHz and achieves a measured peak gain of 4.55 dBi, with a remarkably low weight of 9 g and a size of 1.00λ0×1.00λ0×0.22λ0.
Efficient MAPoD via Least Angle Regression based Polynomial Chaos Expansion Metamodel for Eddy Current NDT
Authors: Bao Yang , Qiu Jiahao , Gurrala Praveen , Song Jiming
Published: October 2024

In this article, a metamodeling approach based on non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) with least angle regression (LAR) method is used in boundary element analysis for a model-assisted probability of detection (MAPoD) study of eddy current nondestructive testing (NDT) systems. The LAR-PCE metamodel represents the NDT system model responses by a set of coefficients with the polynomial basis functions in lieu of pure kernel degeneration accelerated boundary element method (KD-BEM) based physical model. Both the computational accuracy and efficiency of the LAR-PCE metamodel over the ordinary least squares (OLS) based PCE metamodel are demonstrated by testing the 3D eddy current NDT benchmarks with different system setups, flaw lengths and widths. The simulation results show two digits accuracy of the PoD metrics compared with the ones achieved by the KD-BEM based physical model as the benchmark. The LAR-PCE metamodel has remarkable improvements in computational efficiency over the OLS-PCE metamodel and accelerates the MAPoD study.
Oknoma Nikan Tinemih : Improving Inclusive Access to the Indigenous Studies Collections at the Newberry Library
Authors: Hansen Will , López Analú María
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article discusses current initiatives related to the Indigenous studies collections at the Newberry Library in Chicago and the relevant history of those collections. Current initiatives include work on a planning grant with three Indigenous community partners: the urban Native and Indigenous community in Chicago, Forest County Potawatomi in Wisconsin, and the Pueblo of Santa Ana in New Mexico. These collaborations are intended to help improve access to the collections for Indigenous communities in ways that prioritize their needs. Other initiatives include a revised collection development policy, a policy for access to culturally sensitive Indigenous materials, and improvements and changes to cataloging and archival processing practices and standards.
"How Could You Make Any Sense Out of It?": Vietnam, Johnny Got His Gun , and The Breast
Authors: Graf Derek
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Following Rachael McLennan's call for a critical "re-appraisal" of Philip Roth's When She Was Good (1967) and its relationship to "the Vietnam years" (74), this article explores how The Breast (1972) engages with the intersectional discourse of gender and disability specific to the cultural context of the Vietnam War. In reframing the novella as a wartime text, I delineate The Breast 's inter-textual relationship with Dalton Trumbo's 1939 novel and 1971 film, Johnny Got His Gun . I argue that The Breast serves as a parodic interpretation of the literal and symbolic castration and "disabling" of the American male body in the Vietnam period.
The Urine Hoax as Analogue for the Derridean Secret: Deconstructing My Life as a Man
Authors: Morris Christopher
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This essay examines the urine hoax in My Life as a Man (1974) as an analogue for the Derridean secret, the nexus between literature and Abrahamic religion that impassions hermeneutics and reveals the emptiness of its search for meaning. Peter Tarnopol's desire to know exceeds all explanation and results in nothing; similarly devastating losses of referentiality characterize his Zuckerman stories and the Zuckerman novels. Although the author of the latter is presumably Philip Roth, My Life as a Man inaugurates the series by calling authorship itself into question. At the same time, any critical account of those losses—which must begin with some heuristic, in this case the secret—can't avoid making the same error it exposes in characters.
The Fragility of Democratic Voices in Philip Roth's Radio
Authors: Balestrino Alice
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article explores the multifaceted role of radio in Philip Roth's novels I Married a Communist (1998) and The Plot Against America (2004). Radio, as a pervasive medium of communication and influence during the mid-20th century, is the narrative mechanism that Roth employs to convey the idea of community as drawn together or taken apart by and through acts of listening. The emphasis on listening to the radio enables a complex reflection on democracy, which is depicted as both a tool of ideological dissemination and a symbol of public sentiment, open to both admiration and criticism in these novels. In this article, I propose reading I Married a Communist and The Plot Against America through their resonance of voices as a way to reflect on the transience of political discourses and the fragility of democracy. Through close textual analysis, I argue that Roth's scrutiny of the acoustics of society may be a counterhegemonic stance representing anti-democratic forces and authoritarian systems in a substantially and formally disruptive way. Ultimately, the hermeneutics of listening developed in this article reflects on the ethics of community-building and the stakes of democratic participation, which is key to understanding the political depth of these novels.
Postabortion Care in Pakistan: 2023 Assessment of the Health System’s Capacity to Provide Care
Authors:   Guttmacher Institute, Mulhern Octavia , Niazi Rehan , Parveen Tahira , Singh Susheela ,   Population Council, Pakistan Regional Office
Published: October 2024

Key Points Postabortion care is widely available in Pakistan: 80% of public and private health facilities across the country’s four provinces and three regions provide these services. To treat abortion complications, 77% of facilities offer misoprostol; 34% offer dilation and evacuation, a recommended method for complications in the second trimester or later; and 24% offer vacuum aspiration. Fifty percent of facilities offer dilation and curettage, a procedure not recommended for postabortion treatment. Comprehensive care for abortion complications is more widely available in urban areas than in rural areas, and at more referral and higher-level facilities than primary-level facilities. Provision of a range of modern, reversible contraceptive methods—four or more methods—as part of postabortion care is higher at primary-level facilities in the public sector than those in the private sector (53% vs. 44%). Provision of at least one permanent contraceptive method is low nationally among higher-level facilities in both sectors (35%). Several components necessary for postabortion care are low among facilities at the primary level: 54% have means of communicating with referral facilities, 34% have staff trained in vacuum aspiration and 27% have transportation available for patients needing referral.
Multi-Channel and Dual-Range Spectrum Analyzer for Low-Cost Parallel TFBG Sensing
Authors: Nicolai J. , Jean-Ruel H.
Published: October 2024

An inexpensive spectrometer scheme for multiplexed TFBG biosensors is proposed. Multiple channels and two spectral windows are combined on a CMOS camera to measure with high-resolution a selection of cladding modes and the Bragg peak.
Optical Fiber Sensors for Volatile Organic Compound Vapors
Authors: Grantzioti E. , Kleitsiotis P. , Gagaoudakis E. , Binas V. , Pissadakis S. , Konstantaki M.
Published: October 2024

A review of optical fiber sensors utilizing tilted Bragg gratings, long-period gratings, or Fabry-Perot interferometer coupled with metal oxide or polymeric sensing overlays/cavities for the detection of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and acetone vapors.
Selective Modal Excitation of FBGs in FMF Through Inscription Techniques and the use of a Spatial Multiplexer.
Authors: Hainsworth James , Morana Adriana , Pouget Lucien , Arnaud Marina , Girard Sylvain , Decroix Jacques , Marin Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Fibre Bragg grating spectral control by use of a spatial mode sorter and inscription eccentricity has been investigated. Results show extensive peak suppression in the transmission and reflection spectra with the capability for peak erasure.
Chirped tilted fiber Bragg gratings used as intracavity ASE band-stop filters in a high power 1018 nm fiber laser
Authors: Morasse Bertrand , Perron Alexandre , Faucher Dominic , Belzile Pierre-Michel , Deschênes Mathieu Vollant , Faucher Frédéric , Brochu Guillaume , Trépanier François , Bégin Michel , Deladurantaye Pascal
Published: October 2024

We present chirped tilted fiber Bragg grating intracavity filters to suppress amplified spontaneous emission from the core of a 20/400 Yb-doped high power fiber laser, allowing the efficient generation of 432 W at 1018 nm.
Sensing in Extreme High Temperature Environments with Regenerated Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Roths Johannes , Bian Qiang , Stadler Andrea , Buchfellner Fabian , Roehrl Alexander
Published: October 2024

In recent years, multipoint temperature sensors based on regenerated fiber Bragg gratings have achieved a high degree of maturity. Specific sensor characteristics and applications in metallurgy, gas turbine, and aircraft engine instrumentations are reviewed.
High temperature resistance fs-FBGs in large diameter optical fibers
Authors: Chah Karima , Kinet Damien , Guyot Corentin , Caucheteur Christophe
Published: October 2024

We subject Fs-FBGs in silica optical fibers of 125, 200 and 400 µm diameters to high temperature cycling. Post-annealing tensile tests confirm the higher mechanical resistance of large diameter optical fibers compared to standard ones.
Adaptive Radiative Coolers May Not Be a Sustainable Option for Thermoregulating Buildings
Authors: Mandal Jyotirmoy , Anand Jyothis , Varghese Nithin Jo
Published: October 2024

Adaptive radiative coolers are more energy-efficient than traditional radiative coolers because they do not overcool buildings in the winter. However, because this entails trapping heat on earth, they may not be sustainable for building thermoregulation.
Fabrication and Optimization of Highly Solar Reflective and Long-Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) Emissive Porous Polymers for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Pirvaram Atousa , O’Brien Paul G. , Leung Siu Ning
Published: October 2024

This study explores the fabrication and optimization of micro- and nano-cellular poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) for passive daytime radiative cooling using phase inversion technique. By tailoring the water amount a high reflectance and a significant emittance are achieved, facilitating efficient cooling.
A Brillouin-Pumped, Four-Wave Mixing, Photon Pair Source
Authors: Flint Alex I. , Bannerman Rex H. S. , Mennea Paolo L. , Gates James C. , Smith Peter G. R.
Published: October 2024

A novel method of generating photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing in SMF-28 is demonstrated. We use a CW-pumped Brillouin laser where the intracavity field provides the pump power. Source characterisation will be presented.
Room-Temperature Sputtered Silicon Nitride for Soliton Microcombs
Authors: Zhang Shuangyou , Bi Toby , Harder Irina , Ohletz Olga , Gannott Florentina , Gumann Alexander , Butzen Eduard , Zhang Yaojing , Hill Lewis , Del’Haye Pascal
Published: October 2024

We present ultralow-loss, high-thickness silicon nitride photonic circuits fabricated using room-temperature sputtering. After 800 °C annealing, we achieve propagation losses of 3.5 dB/m, enabling ring resonators with optical quality factors exceeding 10 million.
Dispersion Engineering in Silicon Nitride Ring Resonators via Partial Sidewall Modulation
Authors: Kheyri Masoud , Zhang Shuangyou , Bi Toby , Pal Arghadeep , Zhang Hao , Zhang Yaojing , Alabbadi Abdullah , Yan Haochen , Ghosh Alekhya , Hill Lewis , Bianucci Pablo , Butzen Eduard , Gannott Florentina , Gumann Alexander , Harder Irina , Ohletz Olga , Del’Haye Pascal
Published: October 2024

We propose a method for dispersion engineering in silicon nitride microresonators via mode splitting. Mode splitting is induced by partially modulating the resonator inner-sidewall at four different segments. We report dispersion improvement over a range 100 nm.
Optical Manipulation of Microdroplets for Precise Imaging and Manipulation of Nanostructures
Authors: Chen Xixi
Published: October 2024

The presentation centers on optical manipulation research for precise microdroplet formation/dissolution, shaping, and repositioning, enabling accurate nanostructure imaging and manipulation. It covers the physical mechanisms and fabrication methods of droplets using artificial and natural biological materials.
Pulse formation in the Stokes region through dispersion tailoring in silica microresonators
Authors: Otake Ryo , Imamura Riku , Fuji Shun , Tanabe Takasumi
Published: October 2024

We show numerically that a pulse with a peak power of ~200W is formed in the Stokes region in a silica microresonator when careful dispersion tailoring is performed.
Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiency with Tunable Transverse Modal Response to Natural Light of a Linear Chiral Thin Film Array
Authors: Muntaser Akram , Chatterjee Monish R
Published: October 2024

In this work, we propose the design of a chiral thin film resonator array aligned horizontally illuminated by a collimated linear, p-polarized plane wave incident normally on the array. Each thin film is analyzed via evaluating the corresponding mode spectra emerging from multiple transitions within the slab for right- and left-circular polarized (RCP and LCP) modes under variable chirality coefficients, thin film thickness and length, and substrate placement conditions as a function of the (monochromatic) mode frequency. To maximize the efficiency of solar cells, the spectral behavior of (2n+1) thin films overlapping at a specific vertical point is examined when subjected to uniform illumination at a single frequency within the visible range. This analysis aims to optimize the transmission of light, preferably over a narrow band within the visible spectrum; such a tuned high intensity transmission may be utilized to maximize the conversion efficiency of solar cells with tunable bandgaps.
Defect Superlattice Optical Solitons supported by Centrosymmetric Photonic Superlattice
Authors: Umesh Draupath , Potdar Gaurang , Katti Aavishkar
Published: October 2024

Optical spatial gap solitons are analyzed in centrosymmetric photorefractive media with an embedded defect superlattice for the first time. Double and multi hump solitons existence and characteristics are studied across both band gaps.
Optical Delay in Subwavelength Grating Waveguides Operating Near the Bandgap
Authors: Xie Luyao , Chen Lawrence R.
Published: October 2024

We explore the dispersive characteristics of subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides near the bandgap and demonstrate how they can provide additional flexibility for providing optical time delays.
Four-wave Mixing in Highly Nonlinear Silicon Slot Waveguides with a Crystal Violet Cladding
Authors: Nair Devika Padmakumar , Ménard Michaël
Published: October 2024

We introduce a silicon slot waveguide encased in a highly nonlinear cladding containing crystal violet molecules. We measured the four-wave mixing efficiency and results show potential for implementing compact high-performance nonlinear optical devices.
The Effect of a Protective ALD Layer on the Stability of Electro-Optic Polymer
Authors: Serrano Mateo Powell , Riedel Patrick , Drisko Jasper , Kehe Gannon , Huang Xiaoyue Phillip , Zyskind John , Liu Zhiming , Basica Brenden , Ramann Ginelle , Albarghouti Marwan
Published: October 2024

We describe a method to improve the photo and thermal stability of electro-optic polymers. Our results show that degradation is reduced by encapsulating the EOP with a layer that is impermeable to molecular oxygen O2.
Linear and Nonlinear Characterization of Vertical Orientation-Patterned Gallium Phosphide Waveguides for Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Lemoine A. , Le Corre B. , Morice L. , Harouri A. , Le Gratiet L. , Beaudoin G. , Le Pouliquen J. , Grisard A. , Combrié S. , Gérard B. , Cornet C. , Dumeige Y. , Pantzas K. , Sagnes I. , Léger Y.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the first realization, linear and nonlinear characterization of a vertically oriented gallium phosphide (VOP-GaP) waveguide dedicated to second harmonic generation. The design, fabrication steps and characterization method are discussed.
Theoretical Exploration of Biosensing Using Hybrid Semiconductor Plasmonic Lasers
Authors: Saeidi Shayan , Cheben Pavel , Schmid Jens H. , Berini Pierre
Published: October 2024

We present a new methodology for biosensing based on a hybrid plasmonic-semiconductor laser. We use the laser metal contact for plasmonic sensing while using an electrically pumped semiconductor heterostructure to produce TM gain.
Photonic neural network and in-situ training in a synthetic frequency dimension
Authors: Gottlieb Felix , Sinha Abhinav , Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

We develop a scalable photonic neural network utilizing the discrete frequency degree of freedom of light with the ability to train itself based on an in-situ backpropagation method with minimal reliance on external computers.
Inverse-Designed 16-Channel Time-of-Flight Receiver in 45nm Silicon Photonic Process
Authors: Rollinson John , Karlicek Robert , Hella Mona
Published: October 2024

A 16-channel monolithic electronic-photonic receiver for flash time-of-flight LIDAR is demonstrated in 45nm silicon photonic process. Enverse-designed grating array antennas are utilized for efficient, low-noise coupling of free-space light, thus improving signal-to-noise ratio and extending sensing range of the free-space optical receiver.
Aero-optical effects, part I. System-level considerations: tutorial
Authors: Kalensky Matthew , Gordeyev Stanislav , Kemnetz Matthew R. , Spencer Mark F.
Published: October 2024

This paper serves as part I of a two-part tutorial on “aero-optical effects.” We first present background information to assist with our introduction of the topic. Next, we use the aerodynamic environment associated with a hemisphere-on-cylinder beam director to decompose the resulting aberrations (that arise due to aero-optical effects) in terms of piston, tilt, and higher-order phase errors. We also discuss the performance implications that these phase errors have on airborne-laser systems. Recognizing the complexity of these environments, we then discuss how one measures these phase errors using standard wavefront-sensing approaches and the impact these phase errors have on imaging performance. These system-level considerations provide the material needed to survey several sources of aberrations such as boundary layers and shear layers, as well as mechanical contamination, shock waves, and aero-acoustics—all of which we cover in part II of this two-part tutorial.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Optical Networking [Tutorial]
Authors: Tremblay Christine
Published: October 2024

In this tutorial, we explore various applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods aimed at improving the performance, operations, and reliability of optical networks, as well as simplifying their management.
The Future of Global Coherent Optical Transmission Systems for Submarine and Space Applications
Authors: Takahashi Hidenori , Ishimura Shota , Tsuritani Takehiro
Published: October 2024

This paper reviews recent usage of digital coherent transmission technologies in submarine cable and optical satellite communications. The digital coherent technologies play important role to support the capacity demands.
Integrated Optical Communication and Distributed Sensing Systems
Authors: Lu Chao , Wang Jingchuang , Chen Shaoyi , Yan Yaxi , Li Tianrui , Lu Liwang , Wu Yichang , Huang Wenjin , Tao Lau Alan Pak , Li Zhaohui
Published: October 2024

Recent work on integrating sensing functions into optical communication systems is described. The developed techniques are expected to enhance the reliability of optical networks and enable a range of applications in marine and urban environments.
Optical Frequency Comb Generation for DWDM Free Space Optical Communication Links
Authors: Avazpour Mahrokh , Rajaram Narmada , Atieh Ahmad , Barry Liam
Published: October 2024

This paper presents DWDM-based FSO system with 42 channels generated via SOA-Fiber Loop Modulation. System performance is assessed using BER and eye diagrams considering bit rate, and FSO range applicable for high-capacity FSO link.
Raman Amplifiers for Multi-band Optical Transmission Systems
Authors: Tan Mingming , Hazarika Pratim , Pratiwi Dini , Forysiak Wladek
Published: October 2024

We showcase effective strategies to mitigate undesirable pump-to-pump power transfer in wideband Raman amplifiers, encompassing a spectrum of up to 210nm, inclusive of E, S, C, and L bands.
MPI Impact in C+L+S Multiband Transmission Reach
Authors: Cancela Luís G. , Pires João O.
Published: October 2024

Multipath interference (MPI) impact is assessed in a C+L+S multiband transmission scenario. For a typical -34 dB/span MPI, transmission reach in the L-band suffers a 20% reach penalty considering the QPSK modulation format.
Demonstration of optical refrigeration in SiO2 – Al2O3 – Lu2O3 Yb-doped glasses
Authors: Meyneng T. , Thomas J. , Grégoire N. , Labranche P. , Morency  , Boisvert J-S. , Messaddeq Y. , Kashyap R.
Published: October 2024

This work demonstrates the applications of Lu2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 Yb-doped glasses for optical refrigeration. Samples prepared by modified chemical vapor deposition, combined with solution-doping, exhibits near-unity quantum efficiency, with Yb-content ranging from 1025 to 1026 m-3.
Tuning Effective Optical Nonlinearities of Overlooked Glass-Forming Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Rudenko Valentyn , Tolochko Anatolii , Bugaychuk Svitlana , Zhulai Dmytro , Klimusheva Gertruda , Yaremchuk Galina , Mirnaya Tatyana , Garbovskiy Yuriy
Published: October 2024

This paper reports the modification of nonlinear-optical properties of very common yet often overlook glass-forming mesogenic materials (metal alkanoates) by using several types of nanoparticles including metal (silver and gold), bimetallic, and carbon dots.
Impact of lattice strain on vanadium dioxide transition temperature, induced via defects and doping
Authors: King Jonathan , Cho Jin-Woo , Quach Dung , Hafermann Martin , Paz Karla , Mei Hongyan , Yin Shenwei , Kumar Tanuj , Andrade Joseph , Hessel Colin , Ronning Carsten , Woolf David , Kats Mikhail A.
Published: October 2024

We modify the transition temperature of vanadium dioxide films using two different methods: Ar+ irradiation and transition-metal-doping and observe a unified relationship between transition temperature and lattice strain, regardless of modification method or combination thereof.
Nonlinear Characterization of InGaAsP/InP Platform in the C-band Telecom Range
Authors: Flizikowski G.A.S , dos Santos L.F. , Oner O.W. , Thulaseedharan A. , Mobini E. , Vyas K. , Karimi F. M. , Awan K. M. , Espinosa D. H. G. , Dolgaleva K.
Published: October 2024

We conducted four-wave mixing and nonlinear absorption experiments in InGaAsP/InP waveguides of different geometries in the telecom C-band. Further, we meas-ured the nonlinear refractive index to be n2= 1.9 × 10
−
13 cm2/W.
Frequency-offset Kerr soliton comb generation in a dispersion-shifted fiber Fabry-Perot resonator
Authors: Xu Yiqing , Macnaughtan Matthew , Li Zongda , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin , Coen Stéphane , Erkintalo Miro , Murdoch Stuart G.
Published: October 2024

We present a study of frequency-offset soliton combs that arise when a Kerr resonator is driven by a desynchronized pulsed field. We experimentally observe these offset-combs in a Fabry-Perot resonator constructed from dispersion-shifted optical fiber.
Non-Hermitian swallowtail degeneracy in the two-mode squeezing of light
Authors: Blinova Polina , Moiseev Evgeny , Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

We show that swallowtail catastrophe consisting of various-order non-Hermitian degeneracies naturally exists in the dynamics of two-mode quadrature squeezing systems with asymmetric losses that break pseudo-Hermiciticy and propose a practical experimental setup.
Emergence of Laser Cavity-Solitons in Micro-Resonators
Authors: Pasquazi Alessia , Cutrona Antonio , Rowley Maxwell , Cooper Andrew , Hanzard Pierre-Henry , Gongora Juan Sebastian Totero , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Oppo Gian-Luca , Morandotti Roberto , Moss David J. , Peccianti Marco
Published: October 2024

We review our results on the modelling and observation of temporal laser cavity-solitons in a microresonator filtered fibre laser.
Pre-compression of high-order soliton for enhanced soliton self-frequency shift
Authors: Mehjabin Fariha , Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Rochette Martin
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate the optimal design conditions of a soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) based wavelength converter with pulse pre-compression. Sidelobes energy of a compressed high-order soliton is partially recycled to maximize SSFS and energy conversion efficiency.
Enhancement Security and Camouflage for Free-Space Optical Communication System Reliance on Switching between Structured Light Beams
Authors: kadem Kamal , temimi mohammed
Published: October 2024

This study explores using structured light beams Bessel, Airy, and Vortex in Free-Space Optical communication to enhance security and camouflage. These beams adapt to environmental changes and can propagate long distances while maintaining data integrity. They dynamically switch during transmission to ensure security across varying conditions. In weak to moderate turbulence, all beams can travel up to 5 km; under stronger turbulence, Bessel and Vortex beams reach over 3 km, while the Airy beam extends to 2 km. The multi-layered security approach includes beam shaping and selective switching, ensuring reliable communication. Simulations with OptiSystem 18 confirm the system's effectiveness.
Stationary solar concentrators for any latitude
Authors: Lenarduzzi Gianpaolo , Islam Tahzinul , Cooper Thomas A.
Published: October 2024

We introduce a generalized source/acceptance map matching method to design non-tracking concentrators for virtually any latitude. Several practical configurations are explored. A particularly useful arrangement makes use of a pivotable front wall to achieve a seasonally-adaptive design which surpasses the static concentration limit.
Contact engineering for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Fuentes-Hernandez Canek , Larrain Felipe A. , Kolesov Vladimir , Chang Yi-Chien , Nam Minwoo , Huang Tzu-Yen , Toney Michael , Kippelen Bernard
Published: October 2024

We present an overview of solution-based electrical p-doping of organic semiconductors using polyoxometalates yielding stable exponentially decaying depth-profiles into the bulk and other highly desirable properties for the realization of organic photovoltaics.
Tapered Fiber with Dual Concentric Cores for Broadband Dispersion Compensation
Authors: Geng Wenpu , Zeng Zhi , Zhang Lin , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: October 2024

A tapered fiber with two Ge-doped concentric cores is proposed to achieve flexible and slope-controllable broadband flat negative dispersion. The dispersion curve of the fundamental mode features < 0.54 ps/(nm·km) variation from 1440 to 1700 nm.
Fiber light sources for nonlinear imaging applications
Authors: Corso C. , Mansuryan T. , Tonello A. , Zinkiewicz Ł. , Fabjanowicz B. , Pielach M. , Jamrozik A. , Kardas T. , Arosa Y. , Wasylczyk P. , Couderc V. , Stepanenko Y. , Krupa K.
Published: October 2024

We discuss new ideas for developing fiber light sources for nonlinear imaging. We demonstrate high-power SC-based laser tunable within fingerprint region, as well as new methods of tuning FWM sidebands.
Tapering Space-division Multiplexing Fibers for Multi-parameter Sensing
Authors: Silanteva Liudmila , van Vliet Vincent , van den Hout Menno , Okonkwo Chigo , Bradley Thomas
Published: October 2024

We report on simulations of coupled-core fibers tapered to a diameter ≈1.2µm, resulting in mode field diameters of ≈ 1.3µm (LP01) and ≈ 2µm (LP11) respectively for enhancing the field for a multi-parameter sensor.
Bidirectional Interfaces Based on Multimaterial Optical Fibers for Infrared Neurostimulation
Authors: Meneghetti Marcello , Sui Kunyang , Berg Rune W. , Markos Christos
Published: October 2024

Here, we present the development of multifunctional neural implants based on soft optical fibers, and their application to infrared neural stimulation, a transgene-free neuromodulation technique with high potential for clinical translation.
X-ray-based Techniques for the Characterization of Polymer Optical Fibers
Authors: Ferraro M. , Crocco M.C. , Filosa R. , Kiedrowski K. , Jupé M. , Ristau D. , Leonetti M. , Ruocco G. , Wabnitz S. , Barberi R.C. , Formoso V. , Agostino R.G.
Published: October 2024

We report on a characterization study of polymer optical fibers based on X-ray computed microtomography and X-ray small-angle scattering.
Germanate Glass: Enabling 2 µm Eye-Safe Lasers
Authors: Boetti Nadia G. , Segura Martha , Ishaaya Amiel , Janner Davide , Diaz Francesc , Mateos Xavier , Lousteau Joris
Published: October 2024

We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel germanate glass host for efficient 2 µm eye-safe laser operation. Spectroscopic characterization and CW laser generation with Tm3+ and Ho3+ doping is investigated.
Comparative Modelling and Design Aspects of PANDA PM fiber
Authors: Vukovic Natasha , Codemard Christophe A. , Zervas Michalis N.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigate the design parameters of a high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. Our focus is on PANDA-type (Polarization-maintaining AND Absorption-reducing) fiber design that incorporates B2O3-doped silica stress rods. Utilizing the finite-element method (FEM) within the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, we conduct simulations to analyze the fiber's characteristics. We also provide a comprehensive review of common analytical expressions for birefringence and compare our simulation results with theoretical formulas. Our findings reveal a good agreement between simulation and one theoretical expression, while the other two exhibit discrepancies, each of a different nature.
All Fiber Mid-Infrared Ring Cavity Laser
Authors: Karampour Nasrollah , Zeweldi Gebrehiwot Tesfay , Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Rochette Martin
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate the first all-fluoride mid-infrared ring cavity laser, comprising a single-mode ZBLAN optical fiber coupler and an Er: ZBLAN gain fiber. The laser exhibits continuous-wave emission at a wavelength of 2.7-2.8 μm.
Impact of Annealing and Fictive Temperature on Brillouin and Raman Scattering Spectra in Yb-doped Fibers
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Meehan Bailey , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Dragic Peter D
Published: October 2024

The impacts of thermal annealing on Brillouin and Raman scattering in Yb-doped fibers are studied and explained by mechanical stress relief, ion diffusion, and glass relaxation. The results facilitate improved performance for high-power laser applications.
Quantitative modeling of signaling in aggressive B cell lymphoma unveils conserved core network
Authors: Klinger Bertram , Rausch Isabel , Sieber Anja , Kutz Helmut , Kruse Vanessa , Kirchner Marieluise , Mertins Philipp , Kieser Arnd , Blüthgen Nils , Kube Dieter
Published: October 2024

B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is required for the survival and maturation of B cells and is deregulated in B cell lymphomas. While proximal BCR signaling is well studied, little is known about the crosstalk of downstream effector pathways, and a comprehensive quantitative network analysis of BCR signaling is missing. Here, we semi-quantitatively modelled BCR signaling in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells using systematically perturbed phosphorylation data of BL-2 and BL-41 cells. The models unveiled feedback and crosstalk structures in the BCR signaling network, including a negative crosstalk from p38 to MEK/ERK. The relevance of the crosstalk was verified for BCR and CD40 signaling in different BL cells and confirmed by global phosphoproteomics on ERK itself and known ERK target sites. Compared to the starting network, the trained network for BL-2 cells was better transferable to BL-41 cells. Moreover, the BL-2 network was also suited to model BCR signaling in Diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells lines with aberrant BCR signaling (HBL-1, OCI-LY3), indicating that BCR aberration does not cause a major downstream rewiring.
Vaginal Tritrichomonas foetus infection in mice as an in vivo model for drug development against Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Nieskens Noelle M. , Miyamoto Yukiko , Hurysz Brianna M. , O’Donoghue Anthony J. , Eckmann Lars
Published: October 2024

Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of the common sexually transmitted disease, trichomoniasis, which affects more than a hundred million people worldwide. Metronidazole and tinidazole, agents belonging to the 5-nitroheterocyclic class of antimicrobials, are most often used to treat infection, but increased resistance has been reported and adverse effects of these drugs can be significant. Consequently, an urgent need exists for the development of novel drug entities against trichomoniasis. Critical for antimicrobial drug development is the demonstration of in vivo efficacy. Murine models of vaginal T. vaginalis infection are unreliable for unknown reasons. Meanwhile, murine infections with the related bovine pathogen, Tritrichomonas foetus, tend to be more robust, although susceptibility to different antimicrobials might differ from T. vaginalis. Here, we explored the utility of T. foetus infection as a surrogate model for drug development against T. vaginalis. Four different T. foetus strains caused robust vaginal infection in young mice, while none of four diverse T. vaginalis strains did. Comparison of drug susceptibility profiles revealed that T. foetus and T. vaginalis were similarly susceptible to a range of 5-nitroheterocyclic and gold(I) compounds. By comparison, proteasome inhibitors were 10- to 15-fold less active against T. foetus than T. vaginalis, although one of the proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, had low micromolar activity or better against multiple strains of both trichomonads. Different strains of T. foetus were used to demonstrate the utility of the murine vaginal infection models for in vivo efficacy testing, including for bortezomib and a gold(I) compound. The differences in susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors may be partially explained by differences in the proteasome subunit sequences between the two trichomonads, although the functional relevance of the proteasome was similar in both organisms. These findings indicate that T. foetus can serve as a reliable surrogate model for T. vaginalis in vitro and in murine infections in vivo, but caution must be exercised for specific drug classes with targets, such as the proteasome, that may display genetic divergence between the trichomonads.
Association between dietary copper intake and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8–19 years: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cui Aiyong , Yan Juan , Li Haoran , Fan Zhiqiang , Wei Xing , Wang Hu , Zhuang Yan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Some studies showed the possible role of copper intake on bone mineral density (BMD) in adults or the elderly, but the association remained uncertain in children and adolescents. Our research explored the association between copper intake and BMD in individuals aged 8–19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016.

Methods

In the present study, 6,965 individuals aged 8–19 (mean age 13.18 ± 3.38 years) were enrolled from the NHANES 2011–2016. Copper intake was evaluated by averaging two 24-hour copper dietary intake recalls. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between copper intake and total BMD, subtotal BMD, and total spine BMD in children and adolescents. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were performed by age, gender, and race.

Results

Participants of the higher quartile of copper intake were more likely to be older, men, Non-Hispanic White, and Other Hispanic. They have higher values of poverty income ratio (PIR), serum phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, serum vitamin D, and BMD and lower values of body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, total protein, and serum cotinine. In the fully adjusted model, we found positive associations between copper intake and total BMD (β = 0.013, 95CI: 0.006, 0.019)), subtotal BMD (β = 0.020, 95CI: 0.015, 0.024), and total spine BMD (β = 0.014, 95CI: 0.009, 0.019). Stratified analyses showed that the association was stronger in men, individuals aged 14–19, Non-Hispanic White, and Other Hispanic.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that copper intake is positively associated with BMD in U.S. children and adolescents. The study emphasizes the role of copper intake on bone health in the early stages of life. However, more investigations are needed to verify our findings and their underlying mechanisms.
Evolutionary game and simulation study of public transport under government incentive and punishment mechanism
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Li Chunyan
Published: October 2024

Public transport plays an indispensable role in the whole public transport system. This paper makes an in-depth study on how public transport can provide passengers with higher service quality while meeting the needs of passengers. In order to achieve this research goal, this paper organically incorporates the three key subjects of government supervision, public transport and passengers into the research framework. Evolutionary game theory is used to construct the corresponding research model. It has been found that the decision-making behaviours of government regulators, public transport and passengers are intricately intertwined to influence each other in the evolutionary process. It is particularly noteworthy that the incentive or punishment measures adopted by the government have a great impact on the quality of public transport services. In addition, timely supervision and inspection of government regulatory authorities by higher authorities proved to be crucial for buses to provide stable and high-quality services. This study reveals the mechanisms of interaction between different subjects in the public transport system, particularly the government-guided incentive measures and supervision mechanism to promote the overall service level. To further support the research conclusions, this paper carries on the simulation analysis, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the bus to provide high-quality service according to the simulation results. These recommendations will help guide the government, public transport and passengers to make better decisions in the synergistic development process, thereby improving the overall level of service.
Anti-Trafficking and the Harm of Funding
Authors: Findlay Joshua
Published: October 2024

This article argues that the UK government’s anti-trafficking funding is mostly harmful, because anti-trafficking emulates and extends other arms of the immigration system—a system financed to engage in practices of impoverishment. After explaining the slow violence at work in the asylum system, I show that UK anti-trafficking work expands the reach and extends the length of that impoverishment. I finish by making two recommendations: defunding government anti-trafficking work and organising through community building.
Expansion, Fracturing, and Depoliticisation: UK government anti-trafficking funding from 2011 to 2023
Authors: Sharapov Kiril , Mendel Jonathan , Schwartz Kyle
Published: October 2024

Anti-trafficking policy discourses and funding trajectories in the UK are developing and expanding in a fractured way. This paper demonstrates that current policies and funding allocations primarily focus on supporting specific ‘victims’ and targeting indistinct ‘criminals’, rather than addressing the broader structural issues underlying human trafficking. This focus perpetuates ignorance of harm done at other scales. Supporting migrants who meet a narrow definition of ‘victims’ effaces how government-funded projects and agencies abuse migrants and exacerbate their vulnerability to exploitation. Anti-trafficking funding from the UK’s Official Development Assistance addresses both the individual and structural scales. However, structural problems are often framed as external, neglecting the impacts of UK policies that increase the vulnerability of migrants and low-paid or casualised workers. We also demonstrate that the UK government’s anti-trafficking discourse and funding are increasingly fractured along spatial lines, with a limited emphasis on the rights of exploited individuals outside the UK coinciding with attacks on the rights of migrants inside. Instead of narrow, depoliticised anti-trafficking discourses, it is vital to critique government policies that cause structural harm and amplify migrants’ vulnerability to exploitation. This could involve defunding certain government activities that increase vulnerabilities rather than merely expanding individual-level funding.
Compounding Institutional Exclusion and Harm: A case study of federally funded Alaskan anti-trafficking service providers
Authors: Rothchild Tatiana , Banks Ajela , Burns Tara
Published: October 2024

Federal funds for human trafficking victim programmes and services in the United States have increased from approximately USD 10 million in 2002 to more than USD 90 million in 2022. This increase in fund availability, however, has not necessarily translated into meaningful or accessible services for trafficking survivors. This paper examines the distribution of Department of Justice anti-trafficking funds through the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), particularly looking at OVC recipients in Alaska. It highlights certain trends in OVC funding in the state, including changes in funding distribution, the emphasis on task force creation and collaboration between service providers and law enforcement, and discussions of equity and inclusion. The paper further explores institutional mechanisms of exclusion and harm of some victims, complexities in collaborating with law enforcement, criminalisation of trafficking survivors, and criteria to qualify for services. As the reality faced by trafficking survivors does not always align with OVC narratives, these mechanisms are illustrated through the experiences of a sex trafficking survivor who has been turned away as not qualifying for services by many of the OVC funded providers in Alaska. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of this research for policymakers and service providers.
Within the Hypha: The Deconstruction of the Anthropocentric Perspective in László Sepsi’s Novel Fruiting Bodies
Authors: Borbíró Aletta
Published: October 2024

In my study, I interpret one of the most outstanding stories of Hungarian fiction, László Sepsi’s weird, body- and biohorror novel, Fruiting Bodies [Termőtestek]. The narrative depicts the rivalry between gangster families who fight for the hallucinogenic mushrooms, an important commodity in their town Höksring. As the novel progresses, the rivalry of the crime families fades into the background against the disease spread by the mushrooms, and thus the story presents the beginning of an eco-dystopia and apocalypse. As the title suggests, one of the central motifs of the text is the mushroom, which is both a drug (essentially food) and the basis of the city and houses (living space). In this paper, I will show how the metaphors and similes in the narrative, through the compared things, represent the blurred boundaries between the human body, nature, disease, food and the city, which are central to the novel’s narrative. In my view, the narrative and the parts of the story that focus on the relationship between humans and environment/nature are themed around the breakdown of binary oppositions. The boundaries between culturally distinct categories, the Great Divide (to use Bruno Latour’s term), are dissolved, and the ecological viewpoint, the circulation of matter and reciprocity predominate. I will show that Fruiting Bodies dismantles hierarchies at the narrative level of both the action and the storytelling, offering a more universal perspective rather than a purely anthropocentric one, by situating humanity in the relationships of natural cycles. I will build on the main terms of plant studies (such as plant blindness and plant will), and through the concepts of phytosemiology, Object-Oriented Ontology, flat ontology, hyperobject and dark ecology, I will show how the fungus as metaphor and motif organizes the narrative, and thus offers a posthuman perspective instead of an anthropocentric one.
Una aproximación empírica a la actividad anulatoria de la Administración Pública en Argentina
Authors: Romero Verdún Iván
Published: October 2024

La potestad anulatoria de la Administración Pública es uno de los temas que más atención capta en la doctrina administrativista argentina. No obstante, este asunto ha sido abordado fundamentalmente desde un enfoque jurídico-dogmático sin que a la par se hayan elaborado estudios empíricos sobre la cuestión. Este último tipo de enfoque, sin embargo, reviste interés puesto que permitiría indagar, entre otros puntos, acerca de qué tan frecuente se anulan actos administrativos, sobré qué asuntos versan mayormente los actos anulados, quiénes son los más afectados por la anulación y qué procedimientos se aplican en la práctica. En este trabajo, se realiza una aproximación empírica a la actividad anulatoria, comprendiendo en este examen a las anulaciones de oficio, las acciones judiciales de lesividad y las instadas por recursos administrativos. A este fin, siguiendo una metodología que se detalla, se presentan y analizan los resultados de 18 pedidos de acceso a información pública formulados a los ministerios de la Administración Pública Nacional existentes al finalizar el período 2022. El trabajo también distingue las anulaciones según el tema que versaron y revisa el procedimiento aplicado de acuerdo a lo indicado en los actos anulatorios. En un último punto, se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.
El impacto de la inteligencia artificial generativa en los derechos humanos
Authors: Sánchez Díaz María Fernanda
Published: October 2024

La inteligencia artificial y la inteligencia artificial generativa han revolucionado la manera en que interactuamos en el mundo. Este cambio implica tanto riesgos para la protección de los derechos humanos como beneficios si se emplea con el propósito de mejorar el acceso a servicios de salud, educativos, de impartición de justicia, entre otros. En consecuencia, es crucial regular el desarrollo de esta tecnología de manera preventiva, en lugar de esperar a que surjan problemas para tomar medidas. En otras palabras, los derechos humanos y la ética jurídica deben ser considerados de manera integral desde la fase de diseño de los algoritmos que sustentan este tipo de tecnología.