bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raphael and Pirro Ligorio — Historical and Philological Descriptions and Archaeological Studies of the Architecture of Ancient Rome in the 16th century
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Limanskaya Lyudmila Yu.
Published: September 2022

The difficulty of comprehending artistic terminology in the Renaissance was associated with the activities of humanist philologists and scholarly antiquarians. Interest in antiquity was inherent in artists and architects. Around the archaeological work of Raphael, Ligorio, associations of learned humanists were organized, which accompanied their archaeological research with philological clarifications. The functions of archeology were combined with the need to check the terms, with the help of a visual, graphically reconstructed monument, which, as a rule, came down with losses. In this regard, scientists had to use their erudition and ingenuity to display the ruined monument in its entirety. An example of such a field of activity is printed graphics, which allows depicting monuments graphically and accompanying illustrations with albums of antiquities, replicating images of individual works of art. Such was the direction of the printing workshop of comrade Rafael Marcantonio Raimondi. A number of works by Marcantonio, as well as engravings by Agostino Veneziano and Marco Dente, were made from drawings by Raphael. Some of the drawings were related to Raphael’s archaeological interests, such as the engraving of the Laocoön group (1519) by Marco Dente. Among philologists, after the publication of P. Bembo’s treatise “Discourses in Prose on the Folk Language” (1525), where in the second part of the treatise the author proposed to strictly follow the style of Petrarch and Boccaccio, a controversy flared up about the literary language, as the humanists held different points of view, to the term “volgare” (“folk”). Discussions on this topic were reflected in the association of humanists “Accademia degli Sdegnati” (1541–1545), which was joined by P. Ligorio, who, like Raphael, accompanied his studies with etymological clarifications, graphic representations and archaeological maps.
Reimagining the Prophet: Teiresias as Comedian and Sophist in Euripides’ Bacchae
Authors:   University of Wrocław, Institute of Classical, Mediterranean & Oriental Studies, Hilton Ita
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the role of the prophet Teiresias in the Bacchae of Euripides in the particular context of sophistic influence. It views the originality of the prophet’s depiction as reflective of Euripides’ creative self-consciousness within an agonistic genre that relied on the malleability of ancient myth, particularly towards the end of tragedy’s “golden era”. Our particular aim is to present the prophet independently of the Sophoсlean background against which Teiresias is often viewed, and as a more complex figure than a (not especially satisfactory) radicalization of his earlier incarnations. The prophet in Bacchae is a liminal figure poised between tragedy and comedy, man and god, male and female, tradition and innovation. As such he parallelsmany of the “doublings” characteristic of Dionysus himself. The analysis re-examines the extent and nature of the comedy in the early Teiresias–Cadmus–Pentheus scene (170–369) in the context of the most recent scholarship. It then offers a close examination of the so-called sophistic speech by the prophet (266–327) within the framework of contemporary attitudes to sophism and how this has unfairly influenced scholarly perception of Teiresias’s authority as a dramatic character. The argument aims to establish Teiresias’s incarnation as both fifth-century intellectual and representative of traditional values. He thus reflects the tension between old and new in the integration of Dionysiac religion in mythical Thebes.
Was Pigres an Interpreter to Cyrus?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Rubtsov Roman
Published: September 2022

Ancient authors did not leave us any description of ancient interpreters, and neither their usual functions nor possible social positions are known to us. Although this can be partially restored from written sources, the whole picture remains in the shadows. We are not aware of the ways in which people became interpreters in Antiquity, whether such a profession actually existed, and to what extent it is possible to apply the modern understanding of interpreters to ancient times. Finally, there are many dark corners in our understanding of historical specifics: the functions, social status and ethnic origin of interpreters obviously varied in different cultures and time frames. The use of a word or an expression defining the interpreter is another issue, for Greek ἑρμηνεύς, a traditional lexeme in dictionaries of Ancient Greek (LSJ, GE, DELG, GEW, EDG, Woodhouse), does not, in fact, always denote someone related to this line of work. In Xenophon’s Anabasis a person named Pigres is described as ἑρμηνεύς and one of the companions of Cyrus the Younger in his belligerent attempt to overthrow Artaxerxes II. Pigres is usually understood as an interpreter (Gehman, Lendle, Rochette, Wiotte-Franz, Stoneman etc.), but is there a solid basis for such understanding? What do we know about him? What does Xenophon tell us about his responsibilities? The study shows that Pigres’ identity should be understood in relation to the usage of the word ἑρμηνεύς in V–ΙV BCE and to the sociocultural context of Asia Minor under the rule of the Achaemenid dynasty.
Textual Notes on the Passio Nazarii, Celsi, Geruasii et Protasii (BHL 6043)
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shumilin Mikhail ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: September 2022

In her critical edition of the Passio Nazarii, Celsi, Geruasii et Protasii (BHL 6043), a text dated to the 6th or 7th century AD and probably translated from Greek, Cecile Lanéry introduces several conjectural changes aimed at language standardization. The author of the present article takes issue with several of her conjectures and suggests that in each case the transmitted text actually stands criticism and should probably be left unchanged. At 2.3, the transmitted alapas is not to be changed to alapis with percutio, since percutio with both the accusative of direct object and the accusative of a word meaning “blow” is several times reliably attested in the Vetus Latina, and in one of these instances the word used for “blow” is actually alapa. At 5.1, et in the expression uocans Nazarium et dixit ei should not be deleted, since there are numerous parallels for this syntax in Late Latin. At 8.2, in carcerem is to be retained as a possible way to describe position in Late Latin, whether confusion of expressions denoting position and direction or hypercorrect graphic -m is at issue. At 12.1, the form imperatori is to be retained as a possible orthographic variant for the ablative in Late Latin.
INTERNET PLATFORMS AS A FACTOR OF EMOTIONAL DISCOURSE OF VIGILANTS COMMUNITIES
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Martyanov Denis , Lukyanova Galina ,   St. Petersburg State University, Budko Diana ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2022

This article identifies similarities and differences in emotional discourse in the communication of subscribers of vigilante Internet resources located on different technological platforms. As part of this study, API was used to upload comments over the past two years to materials posted in typical vigilante communities (Vkontakte API – «Lev Vs», «StopHam», «Piggy vs», «Anti-dealer»; Youtube API - the most popular videos «Lev Vs», «StopHam», «Piggy vs», «Sober Yard»). The sample size was 169,923 comments on Vkontakte and 175,096 comments on YouTube. The emoticon emoji served as the unit of analysis. Fixing the amount of emojis used was implemented with the assistance of a special Python script. Based on available data, a network analysis was carried out using the Gephi program (Fruchterman-Reingold layout). The authors concluded that it is not the goal direction of the vigilante group, but the communication tool that becomes the most important factor for the formation of a paralinguistic emotional discourse. Vigilante media, presented in the form of public and channels, act as mass media, and viewers and readers of their communities are the audience consuming this information. This argument is confirmed by the constant use of emojis that emphasize the «entertainment» of the presented content. Thus, most often, representatives of vigilante communities form not adherents who are ready to take part in their actions, but consumers.
WHY DO RUSSIANS NEED THE STATUS OF A "STATE-FORMING PEOPLE"?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Achkasov Valery
Published: September 2022

The article discusses possible political consequences of the introduction of the following novella: Russians are a “state-forming people”, tied to the Russian language, into Article 68 of the Russian Federation Constitution. This amendment turns the author of the Constitution, the "multinational people of Russia," into a “multinational union of peoples”, where, notwithstanding a formal equality, the “state-forming” people predominates. As a result, in Russia there are "non-state-forming peoples" who speak other languages and compose over a quarter of the population. Most for thousands of years have resided on their native lands, which were included (often by the use of force) into the Russian Empire no more than 200-250 years ago. It seems they can claim to have participated in the “formation” of this common state not to a lesser degree than the Russians, who were suddenly given the status of a “state-forming” people. This amendment is clearly populist in nature, representing an example of legal nonsense. In addition, its adoption does not change anything for the position of the Russian majority, causing so far only dull irritation among representatives of the political elites and open protest of the intellectual elites of other peoples of Russia. Each change to the Basic Law must be carefully considered and absolutely necessary, and at the same time lead to the consolidation of the peoples of Russia, and not to their separation. Further, the article analyzes the issue of some foundations for the stability of the Russian state.
The role of Russо-Byzantine antiquities collectors in the formation of museum collections at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Konkova Ludmila V. , Speshinskaia-Zorich Maria  V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: September 2022

In the context of Russо-Byzantine minor arts, hoards of the Kievan Rus’ era represent a unique group of material culture artifacts, which are being thoroughly examined by academic science — archaeology and art history. The history of museum affairs have accumulated a number of studies on individual private collections, where the hoards were presented to some extent. However, there is a demand for a comprehensive coverage of the entire complex of hoards as the result of a “collecting fever” in the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The culture of this period, addressed to the styles of past eras, made objets d’art of Byzantium, Ancient Russia and neighboring cultures to be desirable items of collecting, which contributed to the activation of the antiquities market. When the antiquities used to be implemented into the private collectors’ milieu, certain tendencies of their existence in this milieu inevitably arose. This article makes an attempt to highlight beneficial and negative aspects of such tendencies, especially for humanitarian science and museum work. Among the personalities, such as A. S. and P. S.Uvarovs, D.Ya. Samokvasov, B.I. and V.N.Khanenko, V. V.Tarnovsky, A.A.Bobrinsky, A. V.Zvenigorodsky, M P.Botkin, P.Morgan — two groups are distinguished according to their motivations and approaches: professional archaeologists and connoisseurs of antiquities. Characteristics of structure and acquisitions of their collections in the context of archaeological excavations are given; their further history of existence and the role in the museumification of decorative and applied arts monuments are revealed. A number of problematic aspects of the collectors and antique dealers’ activity is named, such as the growth of the forgery market, the fragmentation of monuments, which used to the single complexes, as well as the issue of national values restitution.
Estado actual de los beneficios de salida. ¿Una reforma necesaria o un beneficio mal aprovechado?
Authors:   Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España., Molina Jerez Francisco J.
Published: September 2022

Hoy en día, la mayoría de la gente espera que las personas que cometan crímenes sean sentenciadas a prisión y cumplan el castigo en ella. Pero desde casi todos los aspectos (sociológicos, psicológicos, sociales e incluso económicos) es preferible que las personas cumplan penas menos graves que la privación de libertad, ya sea evitando la cárcel o estableciendo mecanismos que permitan a aquellos que ya están en ella obtener una mayor libertad hasta que alcancen o reduzcan el castigo original, siempre que demuestren un cambio en el comportamiento o por razones de humanidad. En Chile, diversos cuerpos legales consagran estos mecanismos que se conocen como benificiones penitenciarios. El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar los permisos, beneficios que otorgan mayores espacios de libertad basados en la reinserción social.
El arbitraje comercial internacional y su aplicación por medios electrónicos
Authors:   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Díaz Roa Carolina María Gratzia
Published: September 2022

Los grandes esfuerzos de los Estados y organizaciones internacionales para lograr la uniformidad del arbitraje comercial internacional han permitido un marco legal amplio para ser aplicado por los diferentes actores que interactúan en la contratación internacional. Esta uniformidad ha ampliado su uso y ha creado medios alternativos de solución de confictos entre las partes que interactúan en ella, dando lugar al arbitraje por medios electrónicos conocido en inglés como “online dispute resolution” el cual, se destaca por su efcacia, bajo costo y rapidez, pudiendo escogerse incluso el idioma del arbitraje y convirtiéndose así en una nueva herramienta de soluciones transfronterizas.
Relación entre el presupuesto material objetivo de los concursos (la insolvencia) y la solicitud de concurso voluntario en la ley 20.720
Authors:   Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Ortiz Solorza Mauricio
Published: September 2022

En el procedimiento de liquidación voluntaria y de reorganización judicial y/o extrajudicial, a diferencia de la liquidación forzosa (artículo 117 Ley 20.720 –en adelante LC–), no se exige, en forma explícita, la concurrencia de algún hecho revelador del estado de insolvencia del deudor, lo que no significa su total ausencia como presupuesto de los mismos.
Sobrevivencia del derecho del trabajo frente a una potencial pérdida de su objeto producto de las nuevas formas de prestación de servicios
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Gidi Lueje Andres Eduardo
Published: September 2022

Este trabajo tiene por finalidad mostrar los desafíos que enfrenta el Derecho del Trabajo ante las nuevas formas de prestación de servicios a través de plataformas tecnológicas; dar cuenta de los riesgos de una visión pétrea respecto de la confguración de las relaciones laborales; y enunciar dos posibles caminos de solución, basados en la revalorización del concepto de ajenidad y una reinterpretación de la subordinación y dependencia.
Kitap İncelemesi: Çiçek, Hasan. (2009). Hannah Arendt: Şiddet Karşıtı Söylem. Bilge Adamlar Yayınevi, 240s.
Authors: Işık Mehmet Fatih
Published: September 2022

Şiddet sorunu dünya gezegeninde yaşayan varlıklar içinde, sadece insan dünyasına ait olan bir sorundur. Çünkü insan dışındaki hiçbir varlık popülasyonu sorunlarını çözmek için şiddeti bir yöntem olarak görmez ve kullanmaz. Diğer varlıklar arasında yaşanan mücadele salt doğadaki besin zincirinin ve ekolojik dengenin determinist bir sonucundan başka bir şey değildir. İnsanın sorunları çözmenin en kolay yolu (!) olarak gördüğü şiddetin birçok türünden söz etmek mümkündür. Belki şiddet denildiğinde çoğunluklu akla ilkin “fiziksel şiddet” gelir ancak literatür tarandığında “fiziksel şiddet”in yanı sıra; “psikolojik şiddet”, “eğiten şiddet”, sindiren şiddet”, “ekonomik şiddet”, “politik şiddet”, “okşayan şiddet” hatta “şiddetsiz şiddet” gibi birçok şiddet türünün olduğu görülür. Bu şiddet türlerinin her birinin de insanlarda ve toplumlarda farklı travmalara ve sonuçlara yol açtığı muhakkaktır.
Amplification of Amyloid Protein-induced Aggregation of the Eukaryotic
Ribosome
Authors: Ferdosh Sehnaz , Banerjee Senjuti , Barat Chandana
Published: September 2022

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the aggregation of Tau protein
and Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ 1-40 and Aβ 1-42). A loss of ribosomal population is also observed in
the neurons in affected regions of AD. Our studies demonstrated that in vitro aggregation of amyloid
forming proteins, Aβ peptides and Tau protein variants (AFPs), in the vicinity of yeast 80S ribosome
can induce co-aggregation of ribosomal components.

Objective:

In this study, the ability of minute quantities of AFP-ribosome co-aggregates to seed the
aggregation of a large excess of untreated 80S ribosomes was explored.

Methods:

The AFPs were purified using ion-exchange chromatography. Seeded aggregation of
ribosomes in the presence of minute quantities of ribosome-protein co-aggregates or ribosomal
components was studied using agarose gel electrophoretic and SDS-PAGE analysis of the pellets and
Sucrose Density Gradient centrifugation of the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the
aggregation reaction mixture.

Results:

Our studies, therefore, demonstrate that minute quantities of AFP-80S co-aggregate have
significant seeding potential and could lead to aggregation of a large excess of fresh 80S ribosomes
and this seeding ability is sustained over multiple cycles of ribosome aggregation. The aggregation
propensity of ribosomal components alone could contribute towards the seeding of ribosome
aggregation.

Conclusions:

The ability of minute quantities of AFP-80S co-aggregates to seed the aggregation of a
large excess of fresh 80S ribosomes would result in the loss of global ribosomal population in
Alzheimer’s disease afflicted neurons. Hence, subject to further validation by in vivo studies, our in
vitro studies indicate a significant mode of toxicity of amyloid aggregates that might be important in
Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
Chalcogenium-AZT Derivatives: A Plausible Strategy To Tackle The
RT-Inhibitors-Related Oxidative Stress While Maintaining Their Anti-
HIV Properties
Authors: Sarturi Joelma M. , Dornelles Luciano , Segatto Natalia V. , Collares Tiago , Seixas Fabiana K. , Piccoli Bruna Candia , da Silva Fernanda D’Avila , Omage Folorunsho Bright , da Rocha João Batista Teixeira , Balaguez Renata A. , Alves Diego , Lenardão Eder J. , Lopes Eric F. , Kula-Pacurar Anna , Pyrc Krzysztof , Sancineto Luca , Rodrigues Oscar E.D.
Published: September 2022

Background:

This study presents the synthesis and multi-target behavior of the new 5'-hydroxy-3-(chalcogenyl-triazoyl)-thymidine and the biological evaluation of these compounds as antioxidant and anti-HIV agents.

Objective:

Antiretroviral therapy induces oxidative stress. Based on this, the main objective of this manuscript is the preparation of compounds that combine anti-HIV and antioxidant activities.

Methods:

The compounds were prepared from commercially available AZT, through a copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions exploiting the AZT azide group and chalcogenyl alkynes.

Results:

The chalcogenium-AZT derivatives were obtained in good yields via click chemistry. The compounds evaluated showed antioxidant and anti-HIV activity. Additionally, in vivo toxicity of this class of compounds was also evaluated and the representative nucleoside did not change the survival, behavior, biochemical hepatic, and renal markers compared to the control mice.

Conclusion:

Data suggest the feasibility of modifying the AZT nucleus with simple organochalcogen fragments, exploring the reactivity of the azide group via 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. The design of these new compounds showed the initially desired biological activities.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazole-based Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Khanfar Mohammad A. , Salman Ibrahim M. , Ameer Omar Z.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase and a validated target for treatment of different cancer types.

Objective:

Design and synthesis of novel thiazole-based analogues of anticancer agents.

Methods:

Series of 2-aryl-5-methylthiazole analogues linked to structurally variable basic heads were synthesized as
novel anticancer agents. Developed compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against several cancer cell
lines.

Results:

Many analogues exhibited strong antiproliferative activities against breast cancer cell lines, with higher potency
towards the highly metastatic form (MDA-MB-231). Pharmacophoric profiling using an in-house pharmacophore
database identified FGFR-1 as a molecular target of active analogues. Synthesized compounds were bioassayed for
their FGFR-1 inhibitory activities and many hits exhibited IC50 values in the low micromolar to nanomolar range.

Conclusion:

The 2-aryl-5-methylthiazole linked to a basic head is a novel chemical scaffold of ATP-competitive inhibitor
of FGFR-1 with potential therapeutic activities against different types of cancer.
Nanosponges- Versatile Platform as Drug Carrier
Authors: Kandekar Ujjwala , Pujari Rohini , Munot Neha , Chorge Trushal , Lone Krishnakumar , Kamble Pallavi , Kishanchand Khandelwal
Published: September 2022

Background:

Recently nano-drug delivery systems has become integral part of the most novel drug delivery systems and has gained considerable importance owing to various advantages such as carrier for poorly soluble drugs; targeting of the molecules at desired site; protection from degradation etc.

Methods:

In current review we conducted systemic search of literature and patent inventions focusing on nanosponges. The summary of search was inclusive of various aspects of nanosponges such as drugs characteristics to be considered while incorporating in nanosponges, other crucial additive during formulation of nanosponges, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of nanosponges in pharmaceuticals.

Results:

Nanosponges are nanocarriers for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. These are prepared by different methods such as emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent method, melting method, ultrasound assisted method etc. and all these methods were less time consuming, more economic and evaluated by sophisticated techniques available for routine analysis. These are among the most feasible alternative to address several formulation difficulties associated with the physicochemical properties of the drug. Porous nature and small particle size are vital properties of the nanosponges that contribute crucially to correct the drawbacks of the drug. The properties of the nanosponges can be enhanced when these were combined with cyclodextrins. Numerous research work was carried out to explore the cyclodextrin based nanosponges. Besides, it is also used for smart targeting to tumors and for drug release in a sustainable pattern. Nanosponges can be prepared by simple method These can be tuned to release the drug by different routes so as to achieve the maximum benefits of the drug.

Conclusion:

Numerous research work carried out on the nanosponges as drug carrier. The method of preparation and characterization of nanosponges are quite economic and routinely available. Owing to potential benefits and probable applications these can be used as efficient carrier for certain drugs. The authors expect that the current review will act as guide to investigate the nanosponges as nanodrug delivery system.
Epidemiology of COVID-19
Authors: Eugenia Jimenez-Corona Mar´ıa , Marquez-Murillo Manlio F.
Published: September 2022

In the last days of December 2019, in a seafood market in Wuhan, China, an outbreak of
pneumonia of unknown origin was identified and later reported to the World Health Organization
(WHO) regional office through the International Health Regulations for its dissemination to WHO
member countries. The WHO declared the outbreak of a Public Health Emergency of International
Concern (PHEIC) on January 30th, and on March 11th, 2020, the WHO Director-General declared
it a pandemic. Today, it has been spread to more than 200 countries. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
could be considered the health event with the greatest impact worldwide in the last 100 years.
As of March 11th, 2021, one year later, more than 17 million cases and 2,615,018 deaths have
been registered. The clinical picture caused by SARS-CoV-2 ranges from mild to severe forms.
Some require hospitalization and, in some cases, even treatment in Intensive Care Units is needed due to multiorgan disease. Medium and long-term sequelae are still under investigation. The
pandemic has affected health services in Mexico and all over the world, not only due to the hospital
reconversion for the care of patients with COVID-19 in the face of the emergency, but also because
the care of patients with other conditions has been delayed with a negative impact on the physical
and mental health of populations. Likewise, it has deranged several social activities such as travel,
commerce, and education.
Modelling Epidemics: a Perspective on Mathematical Models and Their Use
Authors: Velasco-Hernandez Jorge X.
Published: September 2022

In this text, we look at several mathematical models that have been constructed during
the present pandemic to address different issues of importance to public health policies about
epidemic scenarios and their causes. We start by briefly reviewing the most basic properties
of the classic Kermack-McKendrick model and then proceed to look at some generalizations
and their applications to contact structures, co-circulation of viral infections, growth patterns
of epidemic curves, characterization of probability distributions and passage times necessary to
parametrize the compartments that are added to the basic Kermack-McKendrick model. All of
these examples revolve around the idea that a system of differential equations is constructed from a specific epidemiological problem, has as a central and main theoretical and conceptual support
the epidemiological, medical, and biological context that motivates its construction and analysis.
Statistical Approaches to Understand COVID-19 Severity and Fatality
Authors: Seuc A.H. , Mertens E. , Pe ˜nalvo J.L.
Published: September 2022

Statistical methods are essential tools for confronting the current COVID-19 pandemic.

These include approaches for quantifying the health impacts of the pandemic, methods for

identification of patterns, or risk stratification, for estimating the risk of individuals to become

infected, and of patients to die, and important clues on how to approach prediction models in a

comprehensive way. The purpose of this chapter is to review basic statistical concepts related

to characterization of COVID-19 severity and provide an application of a real scenario related to

the identification of predictors of COVID-19 fatality in evolving databases. Some other statistical

descriptions and comments are made of problems drawn from real situations.
Understanding the Impact of Cuban Immunotherapy Protocols During COVID-19 Disease: Contributions from Mathematical Modeling and Statistical Approaches
Authors: Garc´ıa-Mart´ınez K. , Luaces-A´ lvarez P. L. , Sa´nchez-Valde´s L. , Le´on-Monz´on K. , Crombet-Ramos T. , P´erez-Rodr´ıguez R.
Published: September 2022

Cuban protocols to treat patients with COVID-19 include interferon alpha 2B and

anti-inflammatory therapy at different moments of the progression of the disease. Here, we

present the results obtained using a mathematical model to study the immunopathology associated

with COVID-19. Model simulations reproduce the clinical observations for the antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapies and provide explanations for their efficacy from an immunological

point of view. In addition, we present new data and statistical analysis of the clinical use of

itolizumab, a humanized anti-CD6 antibody that reduces the secretion of multiple inflammatory

cytokines. Authors concluded that the timely use of itolizumab can reduce the probability of death

while its late prescription might not significantly reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
Fernão Peres de Trava e os seus Cavaleiros Um Estudo sobre os Rituais da Investidura Cavaleiresca Atribuídos pelo Livro do Deão e pelo Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro
Authors: Ferreira João Paulo Martins
Published: September 2022

ke many other members of his family group (Trava-Trastâmara-Palmeira-Togues-Pereira), the character of Fernão Peres de Travahas received a laudatory treatment in several passages of the portuguese peerage books of the XIVth century (Livro do Deãoand Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro) –mainly due to the intervention of the Pereira family in the writings of the count D. Pedro of Barcelos.In effect, both in LD19A2 and LL13B2, Fernão Peres is described as an exemplary knight and «knighter» of D. Mendo, the Sousão, Fernão Rodrigues de Castro and D. Pedro Arazo de Aragão. Because of an error in Herculano’s edition of the Livro do Deão, that excludes the figure of D. Mendo from this passage, no philologist or historian has taken the due interpretations about the nature –be it real or fictional –and discursive importance of these passages, within the context of medieval genealogycal literature, or has linked them to the first ceremonies of knighting in the Western part of the Iberian Peninsula (in the early XIIth century).In this article, we will try to analyse the flaw caused by Herculano in its textual transmition, to inscribethese lessons on the retoric discourse related to the first knighting rituals and to assess its contributions to the comprehension of the expansion of this phenomenon
A família e o parentesco na historiografia sobre a nobreza medieval portuguesa – Um olhar
Authors: Sottomayor-Pizarro José Augusto de
Published: September 2022

The ground-breaking work and the personality of José Mattosoopened the way to a renewed wave of research on the Portuguese Middle Ages. His edition of the Portuguese medieval genealogical books, the «livros de linhagens», in 1980, is an undisputed reference. This article offers an overview of the development of this research field in Portuguese and Iberian academia. It focus not only on social History and its diverse aspects –among which matrimonial strategies, kinship structures, patrimony and political relationships are particularly relevant –, but also on several domains of study which have largely contributed to the knowledge about this historical period, such as ecclesiastic and institutional relationships, crossborder movements, archaeology, heraldic, literature and private or familiar everyday life.
EKSPLORASI JAMUR RIZOSFER ANTAGONIS TERHADAP Rhizoctonia solani PADA TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Matondang Sallygresya Theodora Dwifelita , Aini Luqman Qurata
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui genus jamur rizosfer yang memiliki potensi antagonis terhadap Rhizoctonia solani dan perbedaan kemampuan antagonisme. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2021 sampai dengan Oktober 2021. Sampel tanah diambil pada 6 lahan kacang hijau pada 3 daerah di Kabupaten Malang. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel tanah komposit sebanyak 50 gram pada 5 titik pada setiap lahan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Apabila berbeda nyata maka akan dilanjutkan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian, didapatkan 38 isolat dengan kenampakan makroskopis yang berbeda. Terdapat 15 isolat jamur yang memiliki daya hambat lebih dari 50 % dan 9 diantaranya memiliki daya hambat lebih dari 70 %. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan 7 genus jamur yang memiliki daya hambat lebih dari 50 %. Genus tersebut yaitu Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Chrysonilia, Mortierella, Gliocladium, Penicillium, dan Acremonium. Kemampuan antagonisme jamur yang berbeda-beda diakibatkan karena beberapa hal yaitu kompetisi dan antibiosis.
The history of the development of SD Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta from 1980 to 2015
Authors: Swe Ye Lin
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is to reveal (1) the historical background of SD Muhammadiyah Kauman, (2) the development of SD Muhammadiyah Kauman from 1980 to 2015, and (3) the learning model which is applied at SD Muhammadiyah Kauman. This research used the historical research method focusing more on the development of the history SD Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta from 1980 to 2015. There were five steps in this study: choosing topics, heuristics, primary source, secondary sources and critical resources when collecting the data. The techniques of collecting data are interview, documentation, observation, books and literature study.  The result of this research shows that SD Muhammadiyah Kauman after the collaboration with SD Muhammadiyah Sapen makes good progress in administration of school, an increase of the number of students, and infrastructure of the school which gets better than before. The development of quality and quantity of students from year to year. The other result is the model of learning which is applied at SD Muhammadiyah Kauman is accordance with the needs of IPTEK, model of learning through playing, observation, and discussion between the teacher and the students, and to find ideas of student himself through reading books in the school library.Keywords: Education, the school of Muhammadiyah, curriculum
Analysis of lecturer's experience in the implementation of ICT in teaching economics to undergraduates
Authors: Floria Kabora
Published: September 2022

This research aims to reveal: (1) the use of ICT by the economics lecturers in the Faculty of Economics, Yogyakarta State University; (2) the reality of their skill in using ICT in teaching; and (3) the impact of ICT use on teaching. This research used the qualitative phenomenology approach. The goal is to describe a “lived experience” of lecturers in the implementation of ICT in teaching Economics to undergraduate students than to explain their experiences. The result reveals three findings. First, the use of ICT in the Faculty of Economics, Yogyakarta State University is that the Internet is used for browsing, LCD projectors for visualizing materials, and Be-Smart (e-learning) for learning support. Second, the lecturers’ skill in using ICT in teaching is in the average level. It is also noticed that the male lecturers are more competent in ICT than female lecturers. Third, the impacts of ICT use on teaching are the increase of the competence and the confidence of the lecturers to transfer knowledge.
State and the statecract of the centrals of government Mataram Islam Kingdom in Java
Authors: Murdiyastomo HY Agus
Published: September 2022

This study is aimed to examine the dynamic of Islamic Mataram kingdom, focusing more on administrative system in Islam Mataram. This research used the five stages historical research method according to Kuntowijoyo, which are topic selection, heuristic, verification, interpretation and writing. Panembahan Senopati defeated Pajang and built a palace in Kotagede which later was used by Mataram kings until their peak of glory under Sultan AgungHanyakrakusuma. However the defeat of Mataram from VOC caused them to lose their ground, moreover after Sultan AgungHanyakrakusuma deceased. His successor, Amangkurat I think that Kotagede as the central of economic activities considered to be no longer suitable for the central of government. Therefore he ordered to move the palace from Kotagede to Pleret. Raden Mas Rahmat, as ‘Amangkurat II’, didn’t want to go back to Pleret because it had been taken by Puger Prince, and then built new palace in Kartasura.  Amangkurat III escaped to the east when Kartasura was taken. But this palace would also be abandoned later, and moved to Surakarta when Pakubuwono II ruled the place. Mataram moved its government four times, from Kotagede, Plered, Kartasura, and lastly, Surakarta.Keywords: government, Islamic Mataram.
Equality of women in rural household at different environmental geography
Authors: Hastuti Hastuti
Published: September 2022

The research aimed to understanding the equality of women in rural households with environmental differences geography. Research location is in Brayut and Kaliadem, village with environmental differences geograhpy. Data were collected by structured interview structured interview data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively by using frequency tables, and descriptive qualitative data analysis in-depth interviews.The results showed, Brayut has a geography conducive environment characteristics, relatively flat, dominated wetland, better accessibility, land use competition tighter and more varied economic activities. Kaliadem geography has less conducive environment, dominated by dry land scattered with steep to very steep slope, accessibility is not good, the whole household livelihood from agriculture, livestock, and utilize the resources around. On the whole household outpouring of women's time for household activities more. Kaliadem outpouring husband's time to work on the most wealthy households and the outpouring of the time most women to work in poorer households. Household decision-making activities both hamlets compared dominant role of women over the role of men. Decision-making on agriculture and livestock in the men's role more prominent Brayut compared women, and in Kaliadem women and men have a balanced role. Investment activity is more prominent in Brayut. The involvement of women in public life does not necessarily affect the role of women in decision making and domestic public domain unless decisions on household activities.
MULTICULTURALISM IN GLOBALIZATION ERA: HISTORY AND CHALLENGE FOR INDONESIA
Authors: Zarbaliyev Habib
Published: September 2022

Indonesia is multicultural country in which the conflicts between etchnics may occur. With regard to this, Indonesia must implement a multicultural education which focuses on (1) regions, ethnics and traditions; (2) faith; and (3) tolerance. In addition, Indonesia must assure multicultural security for its citizens, such as, keeping energy security, economic security and cultural security. This will provide a solution to the conflicts, or significantly minimize possibility of conflicts to occur.  The current globalization process does not repel isolative condition, nor enable cultural development strangely. In this condition, the strategy to prevent cultural conflicts is to perform a dialogue between cultures.
THE REVITALIZATION OF DELIBERATION VALUES IN THE EDUCATION OF DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA: A STUDY OF SOEDIRMAN FIGURE VALUES
Authors: Sardiman Sardiman , Sudrajat Ajat , Suryo Djoko
Published: September 2022

This research aims at analyzing the importance of deliberation values in developing democracy education in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative-historical research, i.e. reconstructing the expression and role of Soedirman struggle and his figure values, especially the value of deliberation. The values were then explored thoroughly using a sociological approach and some of the religious dimensions to get an idea of a more fundamental deliberation value as the principles of democratic development.The results show that Soedirman was successful becoming a leader both within the civil and military community and capable of upholding the values of the deliberation in performing his figure tasks. However, the deliberation values tend to be fading in this reformation era. Also, democracy is liberal and tends to be overly practiced. This should be improved by developing democracy education through the revitalization of deliberation values. The revitalization can be realized by performing dialogues and following deliberation traditions practiced by Soedirmanin order to strenghtenthe implementation of Pancasila-based democracy (Pancasila Democracy).Keywords: Figure values, deliberation, democracy.
IDENTITY CRISIS, CONTESTATION, AND CONFLICT WITHIN THE HADRAMI COMMUNITY OF AL-IRSYAD 1990-2007
Authors: Miftahuddin Miftahuddin , Sudrajat Ajat
Published: September 2022

At reformation era the identity crisis amongst the members of Al-Irsyad became manifest which directed to split in 20027. This article aims to analyze the Hadrami, the community of Arab descendent, at dealing the issues of Islam and the state at the period of 1990s – 2007. This research find out that at Reformation era, some members of Al-Irsyad suffered from disorientation manifested in the form of internal conflict, contestation, and then split in 2007. It started from the infiltration of the contemporary Salafi which causes its members diverted from the early goals of Al-Irsyad. These disorientated members, based on the Salafi ideology, made movement claimed as a kind of khittah, that is to restore the organization in line with the early goals of Al-Irsyad. This movement, then, created conflict and contestation within Al-Irsyad which 1n 2007 resulted in the split of organization into Al-Irsyad al-Islamiyah and Perhimpunan Al-Irsyad.Key words: Al-Irsyad, Hadrami community, identity crisis, Split, Salafi.
History learning at secondary school about Demak Kingdom
Authors: Rokhman M Nur , Yuliana Lia
Published: September 2022

The main problems dealing with history learning has always been correlated with boring and unattractive learning in the classroom. This study aims to find out: the material of the Demak kingdom in learning of history in high school. The research method used in this research is a historical method consisting of five steps, namely topic selection, heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the Demak Sultanate was the first Islamic sultanate in Java, which was founded by Raden Patah in 1478 after Demak was established independently separated from the destroyed Majapahit. The territory of the Demak kingdom includes Jepara, Semarang, Tegal, and lembang, jambi, islands between Kalimantan and Sumatra, as well as several areas on the island of Kalimantan. The important ports controlled by Demak are Jepara, Tuban, Sidayu, Jaratan and Gresik. Demak has an important role in the development of Islam in Java and Demak is the center of the spread of Islam. The people who spread Islam is known as wali. For places of worship and centers of religious activities, wali set up a mosque in Demak. Demak Kingdom experienced a glorious period in the government of Sultan Trenggana who ruled from 1521-1546 M. Sultan Trenggana tried to expand his territory to West Java. In 1522 the Demak Kingdom sent troops to West Java under the leadership of Fatahillah.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of HIV Self-testing Kits Purchased on the Web and Implications for HIV Prevention in China: Population-Based Study
Authors: Luo Ganfeng , Su Lingyun , Feng Anping , Lin Yi-Fan , Zhou Yiguo , Yuan Tanwei , Hu Yuqing , Fan Song , Lu Yong , Lai Yingsi , Shi Qian , Li Jun , Han Mengjie , Zou Huachun
Published: September 2022

Background

HIV self-testing (HIVST) holds great promise for expanding HIV testing. Nonetheless, large-scale data on HIVST behavior are scant. Millions of HIVST kits are sold through e-commerce platforms each year.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of the HIVST kit–purchasing population (HIVSTKPP) in China.

Methods

Deidentified transaction data were retrieved from a leading e-commerce platform in China. A joinpoint regression model was used to examine annual trends of the HIVSTKPP rates by calculating average annual percentage change. Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis was performed to locate hot spots with HIVSTKPP rates. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time cluster analysis were conducted to identify clusters of HIVSTKPP. High-high clusters of HIVSTKPP can be identified by spatial autocorrelation analysis, and high-high clusters indicate that a region and its surrounding region jointly had a higher-than-average HIVSTKPP rate. Spatial regression analysis was used to elucidate the association between the number of HIV testing facilities, urbanization ratio (the proportion of urban population in the total population), and gross domestic product per capita and the HIVSTKPP.

Results

Between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, a total of 2.18 million anonymous persons in China placed 4.15 million orders and purchased 4.51 million HIVST kits on the web. In each of these 4 years, the observed monthly size of the HIVSTKPP peaked in December, the month of World AIDS Day. HIVSTKPP rates per 100,000 population significantly increased from 20.62 in 2016 to 64.82 in 2019 (average annual percentage change=48.2%; P<.001). Hot spots were mainly located in municipalities, provincial capitals, and large cities, whereas high-high clusters and high-demand clusters were predominantly detected in cities along the southeast coast. We found positive correlations between a region’s number of HIV testing facilities, urbanization ratio, and gross domestic product per capita and the HIVSTKPP.

Conclusions

Our study identified key areas with larger demand for HIVST kits for public health policy makers to reallocate resources and optimize the HIV care continuum. Further research combining spatiotemporal patterns of HIVST with HIV surveillance data is urgently needed to identify potential gaps in current HIV-monitoring practices.