bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Frying, Smoked Dried, Freezing, Solar Dried and Salting of African Mud Catfish
Authors: Lawal W. S.  , Alu S. O.
Published: February 2024

An experiment was conducted on Nutritional and chemical composition of frying, smoked, freezing, solar dried and salting of African mud catfish, to monitor nutrient and mineral lost as a result of preservative method, 100 (one hundred) pieces table size African mud catfish was purchased from Kwara state Ministry of Agriculture farm in Ilorin, the fishes were then divided into five (5) portions of twenty (20) pieces each and each portion were preserved by frying, smoking, freezing, solar dried and lastly by salting, after which both proximate and mineral content of the fish samples were then carried out and, it was observed that , the crude lipid of the fried fish was higher (P<0.05) followed by freezing, smoked dried and lastly salting which is the least. No significant difference occurred in crude fibre (P>0.05), except the smoked dried and freezing that is the least. The moisture content of freezing and salting was better (P<0.05) when compared to other methods. The phosphorus (Ph), Pottassium (K), Zinc (Zn), and Magnessiu (Mg) was higher in smoked dried (P<0.05) while Calcium (Ca) was higher in salting method and therefore we concluded that Frying retained most of the nutrients, followed by solar drying and smoke drying for African mud catfish, but the minerals are better retained by smoked dried fish when compared to others.
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Feaces from Five Diferent Farm Animals for Farm Use
Authors: Lawal W. S.  , Alu S. O.  , Alao A. N.
Published: February 2024

A research is conducted to study the comparative analysis of both the nutritional and chemical composition of farm animals droppings to know which dropping is good for a particular plant as a result of the chemical content and the nutrients they contains if it could be processed and be included in animal feed, dropping of five farm animals were collected and prepared for laboratory by sun drying to a constant weight and then labelled, both plant nutrients and food nutrients were then analyzed using AOACA method of analysis and it was discovered that.  It was discovered that chicken, Cow and Rabbit contained all the plant nutrient and some of the food nutrients under investigations in an appreciable quantity, it is therefore concluded that apart from using it to grow specific crop because of the specific plant nutrient and then processed to remove the harmful organism and then include in animal feed, to reduce the nuisance its continuous accumulations of the droppings.
Factors Affecting the Middle School Students Academic Performance of Raigarh, Chhattisgarh (India) Depending on Socioeconomic Status of their Parent
Authors: Majumder Ruma , Hanspal Parvinder
Published: February 2024

Education considered as the most significant factor in producing human resource. The study examines the academic performance of the middle school student depends on socioeconomic factors of their parent. The researcher used data of academic performance for the present study.  For this study 412 middle school students were used as a sample in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh (India). The present studies found the educational level and their livelihood are very important part of student academic performance. However, schools and their medium are also plays a vital role over the student’s academic performance of the middle school. Researcher detected that there is a direct relationship between academic performance of the students of middle school and their parent’s socioeconomic status.
Boarding Service Governance Model in Islamic Boarding Schools in South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Fadjri Nur , Tolla Ismail , Gani Hamsu Abdul
Published: February 2024

This study aims to identify and overcome challenges in the governance of boarding services in Islamic boarding schools. The needs analysis reveals problems with dormitory facilities, including capacity, number, proficiency, and the quality of dormitory coaches. This research develops a structured HASANAH boarding service governance model by highlighting three aspects: Boarding Services, Management Principles and Quality Management, and HR/Dormitory Coach Roles. The model's validity, practicality, and effectiveness are evaluated to improve the quality of boarding school services. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method with a systems approach consisting of four stages: (1) Preliminary study stage; (2) Model development stage; (3) Product validation and trial phase; and (4) Model production stage. Data is sourced from the results of validation of education experts and management about the content and construct of the model, as well as assessment data from cottage managers, teachers/coaches, and students about the quality of Islamic boarding school services. The instruments used are questionnaires, observation sheets, and interviews. Research data analysis techniques use quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results provide a detailed picture of development conditions and needs through average values and percentages for each aspect. Testing the validity and practicality of the model shows a high level of acceptance and usability on the part of Islamic boarding schools, supporting the conclusion that this model is valid and practical to be applied as one of the guidelines in the governance of boarding services. The evaluation of the model's effectiveness highlights its positive impact on improving the quality of boarding services. With the positive results of the trial, it can be concluded that this model is able to make a real contribution to improving aspects of boarding services in the Islamic boarding school environment. This research provides an in-depth view and potentially significant solutions to improve the governance of boarding services in South Sulawesi.
Minimizing the Effect of Low Moisture Stress in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by Regulating Growth, Yield and Antioxidant Defense System Via Foliar Applied Silicon
Authors: Ateeq Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad , Shahzadi Kousar , Ullah Raza , Murad Komal , Ansari Tanveer Abbas
Published: February 2024

Most abundant element on earth crust is silicon (Si), easily available and mostly used in farming against low moisture stress in arid regions. Thus, a pot experiment was accomplished for identifying the beneficial effects of Si on the growth, productivity and activity of antioxidants in pearl millet. The millet plant was arranged in complete randomized design (CRD) under normal and drought stress condition and treated with four level of Si (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mmol/L). The results revealed that foliar 5.0 mmol/L of foliar applied Si improved the growth traits (leaf fresh weight 18.99%, stem fresh weight 9.34%, root fresh weight 28.75%, root dry weight 33.11%, plant height 21.7%, and stem diameter 28.26%) and yield traits (no. of grains per spike 9.22%, and grain yield 15.89%). While it enhances the activity of antioxidants as (catalase 8.1%, peroxidase 36.84%, and ascorbate peroxidase 17.16%). In short, foliar application of Si is an effective strategy for improving all the growth and yield traits as well as some of the antioxidants in the presence of low moisture stress in pearl millet crop. In this manner, foliar applied 5.0 mmol/L of Si will be recommended as the best doze for controlling the negative impact on pearl millet crop. Hopefully, the findings of this research will be helpful for the future research against stress related challenges.
Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Use of DNA Fingerprinting
Authors: Tiwari Pratibha
Published: February 2024

DNA fingerprinting, a critical tool in modern forensic science, presents complex legal and ethical challenges and examines the intricate balance between leveraging the benefits of DNA technology in criminal justice and protecting individual rights. It include privacy concerns, the necessity of informed consent, the accuracy and reliability of DNA evidence, and ethical considerations in its application within the criminal justice system and also delves into the management of DNA data, highlighting the need for stringent regulations to prevent misuse and ensure data protection. The importance of comprehensive legal frameworks is discussed to govern the collection, use, and sharing of DNA information, alongside ensuring public trust through transparency and non-discriminatory practices and addresses the need for international standards and cooperation in the context of globalized crime and forensic investigation. It concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing evaluation and adaptation of legal and ethical guidelines to keep pace with advancements in DNA technology.
Properties and thermal degradation study of blend films with poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and lignin
Authors: Cunxiu Guan , Donghua Chen , Wanjun Tang , Changhua Liu
Published: June 2005

A series of blend films with different ratio of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PVP) to lignin were subjected to dynamic DSC and TGA measurement under nitrogen atmosphere at various heating rates. DSC curves showed that the glass transition temperatures of these blends decreased with the increase of lignin content. TGA studies indicated that the lignin content produced obvious effect on the thermal stability of these blends. The kinetic model function of the thermal decomposition of these blends obeyed the Avrami‐Erofeev model equation, g(α) = [‐ln(1‐α)]1/m. The degradation kinetic parameters were also obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1875–1879, 2005
Interaction between the movement protein of barley yellow dwarf virus and the cell nuclear envelope: Role of a putative amphiphilic α‐helix at the N‐terminus of the movement protein
Authors: Liu Kunfan , Xia Zongliang , Zhang Yan , Wen Yuxiang , Wang Daowen , Brandenburg Klaus , Harris Frederick , Phoenix David Andrew
Published: June 2005

The open reading frame 4 (ORF 4) gene product of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) may act as a movement protein (MP) by assisting the transport of viral genomic RNA across the nuclear envelope (NE) of host plant cells. To investigate interactions between BYDV MP and the NE, wild‐type and mutant open reading frame (ORF 4)–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion cistrons were expressed in insect cells. A fusion protein expressed by the wild‐type ORF 4–GFP cistron associated with the NE and caused protrusions from its surface. The fusion protein expressed by the mutant ORF 4–GFP cistron lacked a putative amphiphilic α‐helix at its N‐terminus and although associating with the NE, showed decreased levels of protrusions. A peptide homologue of this putative α‐helix induced an increase of 7°C in the phase transition temperature of dimyrystoyl phosphatidylserine (DMPS) membranes, accompanied by a decrease in membrane fluidity, but exhibited no significant interaction with either dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) membranes. These results strongly support the view that BYDV MP may interact with the NE to help transport viral genomic RNA into the nuclear compartment. This function of BYDV MP appears to involve protrusions on the surface of the NE and may require the presence of an N‐terminal amphiphilic α‐helix, which is speculated to destabilize membranes, thereby assisting the entry of BYDV‐GAV into the nuclear compartment. 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 86–96, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The problem behavior model: the development of a stalkers clinic and a threateners clinic
Authors: Warren Lisa J. , MacKenzie Rachel , Mullen Paul E. , Ogloff James R. P.
Published: June 2005

Traditionally, forensic mental health services have focused on the assessment and treatment of offenders with serious mental disorders. In recent years, there has been growing recognition that forensic clinicians have an important role to play for those offenders who engage in criminal acts driven by psychological or/and social problems, which may, or may not, occur in conjunction with a major mental disorder. This is especially true for specific offenses such as stalking and threatening. This article describes the innovation of the problem behavior model. This model uses a reductionist approach and the nexus between psychiatry and psychology to address the complex phenomena associated with specific problem behaviors that often culminate in offenses. The model is illustrated by describing the development of specialist clinics for the problem behaviors of stalking and threatening. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Juror reactions to jury duty: perceptions of the system and potential stressors
Authors: Bornstein Brian H. , Miller Monica K. , Nemeth Robert J. , Page Gregory L. , Musil Sarah
Published: June 2005

Jurors were surveyed on their general perceptions of the court system and factors that may cause stress immediately after trial, after participating in a post‐trial debriefing, and a month after trial. Jurors had an overall positive view of the court system but did report some perceived inequities. The two most stressful elements of jury duty were related to the complexity of the trial and the decision‐making involved in the trial, although jurors reported low levels of stress overall. Women reported more stress than men, and trial characteristics such as trial length also affected stress levels. The debriefing intervention was perceived as helpful, but jurors' stress levels were similar at pre‐ and post‐debriefing. Finally, although stress on some measures was lower at the 1 month follow‐up, this reduction was not moderated by whether or not jurors received the debriefing. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cs3OsH9 — Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Auffermann G. , Bronger W. , Mueller P. , Roth G. , Schilder H. , Sommer T.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kinetic Resolution of sec‐Alcohols by a New Class of Pyridine Catalysts Having a Conformation Switch System.
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Misono Tomoko , Iwai Yuko
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Melting Sugar—Urea—Salt Mixtures as Solvents for Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Imperato Giovanni , Eibler Ernst , Niedermaier Julia , Koenig Burkhard
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cationic Palladium Complex‐Catalyzed Cyclization—Hydrosilylation of Alkadiynes and Enynes.
Authors: Wakayanagi Shigeru , Shimamoto Takamitsu , Chimori Motoharu , Yamamoto Keiji
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Transformations of Trihalomethylcarbinols Induced by Chromous Chloride.
Authors: Bejot Romain , Tisserand Steve , Reddy L. Manmohan , Barma Deb K. , Baati Rachid , Falck J. R. , Mioskowski Charles
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Promoted N‐Arylations of Cyclic Imides within Six‐Membered Rings: A Facile Route to Arylene‐Based Organic Materials.
Authors: Chernick Erin T. , Ahrens Michael J. , Scheidt Karl A. , Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd‐Catalyzed Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Alkynes at Room Temperature.
Authors: Gupta Arun Kumar , Kim Ki Seong , Oh Chang Ho
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Rigid Polyaromatic Dialdehydes.
Authors: Kozakova Michala , Budesinsky Milos , Hodacova Jana
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Aziridines with Thiophenol in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Reddy M. Somi , Narender M. , Rao K. Rama
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiro‐Dioxolanes via the Multicomponent Reaction of Dicarbomethoxycarbene, Aldehydes and 1,2‐ or 1,4‐Diones.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Mathai Sindhu , Mathew Smitha C. , Rath Nigam P.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silver(I)‐Promoted Asymmetric Halohydrin Reaction of Chiral N‐Enoyl‐2‐oxazolidinones: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Karmakar Ananta , Bhowmick Manishabrata
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles Utilizing Polymer‐Supported Reagents and Microwave Heating.
Authors: Wang Ying , Miller Reagan L. , Sauer Daryl R. , Djuric Stevan W.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Mono‐ and Disubstituted (3H)‐Quinazolin‐4‐ones in Dry Media under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Salehi Peyman , Mohammadi Ali A. , Baghbanzadeh Mostafa
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐(1‐Naphthyl)piperazine as a Novel Template for 5‐HT6 Serotonin Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Lee Mase , Rangisetty Jagadeesh B. , Pullagurla Manik R. , Dukat Malgorzata , Setola Vince , Roth Bryan L. , Glennon Richard A.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Some Properties of 5,6‐(4,4′‐Dimethylaminophenyl)‐2,3‐dicyanopyrazine and Porphyrazine on Its Basis.
Authors: Shishkin V. N. , Kudrik E. V. , Shaposhnikov G. P.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6/7‐exo‐Methyl‐3β‐(4‐iodo)phenyltropane‐2β‐carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters.
Authors: Airaksinen Anu J. , Huotari Marko , Shvetsov Alexander , Vainiotalo Pirjo , Maennisto Pekka T. , Tuomisto Leena , Bergstroem Kim A. , Vepsaelaeinen Jouko
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(R)‐2‐(4‐Phenylbutyl)dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives as Melatoninergic Agents.
Authors: Sun Li‐Qiang , Takaki Katherine , Chen Jie , Bertenshaw Stephen , Iben Lawrence , Mahle Cathy D. , Ryan Elaine , Wu Dedong , Gao Qi , Xu Cen
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystallized Frameworks with Giant Pores: Are there Limits to the Possible?
Authors: Ferey Gerard , Mellot‐Draznieks Caroline , Serre Christian , Millange Franck
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stabilization of Organometallic Species Achieved by the Use of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands
Authors: Scott Natalie M. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Seayad Jayasree , List Benjamin
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Reactions of γ‐Halocarbanions: Underestimated Reactive Intermediates in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Barbasiewicz M. , Judka M. , Makosza M.
Published: June 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic resonance imaging reveals functional diversity of the vasculature in benign and malignant breast lesions
Authors: Furman‐Haran Edna , Schechtman Edna , Kelcz Frederick , Kirshenbaum Kevin , Degani Hadassa
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND

Tumor perfusion through the microvascular network can be imaged noninvasively by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI). The objective of the current study was to quantify the microvascular perfusion parameters in various human breast lesions and to determine whether they varied between benign lesions and malignancy and whether they were altered with increased invasiveness.

METHODS

Perfusion parameters in 22 benign fibrocystic changes, 15 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), 30 infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC), and 22 fibroadenomas were measured using high‐resolution DCE‐MRI. Pixel‐by‐pixel image analysis yielded parametric images of two perfusion indicators: the influx transcapillary transfer constant (ktrans) and the efflux transcapillary rate constant (kep). Correlations of lesion type and perfusion parameters were calculated using Spearman correlation. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the best predictors of the kinetic parameters that differentiate between IDC and benign lesions.

RESULTS

The perfusion parameters exhibited a progressive increase from benign fibrocystic changes to DCIS and IDC, with a significant correlation between lesion type and the parameters' values (range of correlation coefficients, 0.56–0.76; P < 0.0001). In addition, ktrans increased from low‐grade DCIS to high‐grade DCIS. Fibroadenomas were characterized uniquely by high ktrans but low kep. Stepwise logistic regression selected ktrans as the best predictor for distinguishing benign fibrocystic changes from IDC, yielding 93% sensitivity and 96% specificity.

CONCLUSIONS

The microvascular perfusion parameters in breast lesions were elevated with invasiveness. Quantification of these parameters using high‐resolution DCE‐MRI was helpful for differentiating between breast lesions and should improve breast carcinoma diagnosis. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Significance of myelofibrosis in early chronic‐phase, chronic myelogenous leukemia on imatinib mesylate therapy
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop M. , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Talpaz Moshe , O'Brien Susan , Giles Francis , Faderl Stefan , Wierda William , Rios Mary Beth , Shan Jianqin , Cortes Jorge
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND

Myelofibrosis is associated historically with a poor prognosis in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Its significance in the recent era of effective therapy with imatinib mesylate is unknown.

METHODS

The current study evaluated the significance of the degree of pretreatment myelofibrosis on response and survival with imatinib therapy in patients with newly diagnosed CML. The study group comprised 198 patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome‐positive, chronic‐phase CML treated with imatinib mesylate therapy. They were analyzed for the prognostic significance of bone marrow reticulin fibrosis.

RESULTS

Severe reticulin (Grade 3–4) fibrosis was observed in 75 patients (38%): Grade 3 in 46 (23%) patients and Grade 4 in 29 (15%) patients. There was a trend towards a lower incidence of a complete cytogenetic response in patients with Grade 4 reticulin fibrosis (76% vs. 89%; P = 0.07), and a significantly worse survival (estimated 3‐year survival rate of 87% vs. 97%; P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the prognostic significance of severe reticulin fibrosis in patients with newly diagnosed CML receiving imatinib therapy was better, 15% of patients with Grade 4 reticulin fibrosis still had a worse outcome. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Ab Initio Studies of Electron Acceptor–Donor Interactions with Blue‐ and Red‐Shifted Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Rodziewicz Pawel , Rutkowski Konstantin S. , Melikova Sonia M. , Koll Aleksander
Published: June 2005

The features of blue‐ and red‐shifted electron acceptor–donor (ACH/B) hydrogen bonds have been compared by using quantum chemical calculations. The geometry, the interaction energy and the vibrational frequencies of both blue‐ (ACH=F3CH, Cl3CH with B=FCD3) and red‐shifted (ACH=F3CH, Cl3CH with B=NH3 and ACH=CH3CCH with B=FCD3, NH3) complexes were obtained by using ab initio MP2(Full)/6‐31+G(d,p) calculations with the a priori basis‐set superposition error (BSSE) correction method. One‐dimensional potential energy and dipole moment functions of the dimensionless normal coordinate Q1, corresponding to the CH stretching mode of ACH, have been compared for both types of complexes. Contributions of separate components of the interaction energy to the frequency shift and the effect of electron charge transfer were examined for a set of intermolecular distances by using the symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) approach and natural bond orbitals (NBO) population analysis.
Crystal Structures of [K(2.2.2‐crypt)]4[Pb9Mo(CO)3] — Isolation of the Novel Isomers [(η5‐Pb9)Mo(CO)3]4– beside [(η4‐Pb9)Mo(CO)3]4–
Authors: Yong Li , Hoffmann Stephan D. , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: June 2005

The reaction of [Mo(CO)3(MeCN)3] with K4Pb9 in the presence of 2.2.2‐cryptand (2.2.2‐crypt) has been investigated. The transition metal complex [K(2.2.2‐crypt)]4[(η5‐Pb9)Mo(CO)3] (1), which contains a Pb94– Zintl anion coordinated by Mo in an η5‐fashion, is isolated for the first time and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. The 10 metal atoms in the [(η5‐Pb9)Mo(CO)3]4– anion form a bicapped square antiprism, with the Mo(CO)3 unit occupying a waist vertex position. The IR spectra of single crystals, as well as of the crude product, show clearly that only the [(η5‐Pb9)Mo(CO)3]4– ion is formed. In contrast, the reaction of [Mo(CO)3(Mes)] with K4Pb9 under the same reaction conditions gives a mixture of compound 1 and its isomer [K(2.2.2‐crypt)]4[(η4‐Pb9)Mo(CO)3] (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated without additional solvent molecules. The Pb–Mo, Pb–Pb, and Mo–C bond lengths and Mo–C–O bond angles in the η4‐ and η5‐isomers are compared and the packing of compounds 1 and 2 is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Palladium(II)‐Substituted, Lone Pair Containing Tungstoarsenates(III) [Na2(H2O)2PdWO(H2O)(α‐AsW9O33)2]10– and [Cs2Na(H2O)8Pd3(α‐AsW9O33)2]9–
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Kortz Ulrich , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis , Daniels Lee
Published: June 2005

The monopalladium(II)‐substituted [Na2(H2O)2PdWO(H2O)(α‐AsW9O33)2]10– (1) and the tripalladium(II)‐substituted [Cs2Na(H2O)8Pd3(α‐AsW9O33)2]9– (2) were synthesized in aqueous acidic medium (pH 4.8) by reaction of Pd2+ ions with [As2W19O67(H2O)]14– and [α‐AsW9O33]9–, respectively. The dimeric polyanions 1 and 2 were characterized by complete elemental analysis, FTIR, and electrochemistry. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis was carried out on Cs3Na7[Na2(H2O)2PdWO(H2O)(α‐AsW9O33)2]·1.5NaCl·22H2O (1a), which crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P$\bar {1}$, with a = 13.2465(16) Å, b = 16.873(2) Å, c = 23.080(3) Å, α = 107.315(2)°, β = 95.025(3)°, γ = 98.040(3)°, and Z = 2; Cs3Na6[Cs2Na(H2O)8Pd3(α‐AsW9O33)2]·NaCl·15H2O (2a) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/m, with a = 13.1842(5) Å, b = 19.6584(7) Å, c = 18.2377(6) Å, β = 100.7660(10)°, and Z = 2. Polyanion 1 is composed of two [α‐AsW9O33]9– fragments connected by a WO(H2O) unit, one square‐planar palladium atom and two sodium ions, leading to a sandwich‐type structure with Cs symmetry. Polyanion 2 also consists of two [α‐AsW9O33]9– moieties, but these are linked by three equivalent, square‐planar Pd2+ ions, one sodium ion and two cesium ions, leading to a sandwich‐type structure with C2v symmetry. A cyclic voltammetric study of polyanion 2 in a pH 5 medium shows a Pd0 deposition process on the glassy carbon electrode surface. The corresponding wave and the waves for the tungsten redox processes could be separated clearly. The thickness of the film increases with the number of potential cycles or the duration of potentiostatic electrolysis. The deposited film proved to be very stable and efficient in the electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen. Polyanion 1 was not sufficiently stable in solution to warrant electrochemical characterization. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthetic Applications of Lawesson’s Reagent in Reactions with CuI Alkoxides
Authors: Shi Weifeng , Rothenberger Alexander
Published: June 2005

The reaction of Lawesson’s reagent with CuOtBu and tertiary phosphanes produced the complexes [Cu2(μ2‐ArS2P–O–PS2Ar)(PPh3)4] (1) (Ar = p‐C6H4OMe) and [Cu4{Ar(μ2‐S)2P–O–P(μ2‐S)2Ar}2(dppa)2] (2) (dppa = Ph2PNHPPh2) in high yields. The ligand [ArS2P–O–PS2Ar]2– is the first of a new family of dianionic P/S ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Exocyclic–Endocyclic N‐Acyliminium Ion Equilibration via an Intramolecular α‐Thioamidoalkylation in the Synthesis of Fused N,S‐Heterocyclic Systems: Some New Parameters
Authors: Hucher Nicolas , Pesquet Anthony , Netchitaïlo Pierre , Daïch Adam
Published: June 2005

The reactivity of N‐[aryl(or alkyl)thio(oxo or seleno)alkylamidals 6 bearing the N‐(CH2)n‐X‐(CH2)m‐Ar functionality towards neat TFA has been examined. Substrates of type 6 give, together with the products 11, 17, 19, and 25 of the “expected” π‐cyclization process, the “unexpected” products 12, 18, and 26 resulting from a new tandem heteroamidoalkylation/isomerization/π‐cyclization. The composition of the final isomeric mixture depends on the temperature of the reaction, with a high selectivity in favor of the “expected” π‐cyclization product 11 as a thermodynamic isomer. Furthermore, the results demonstrate again the relevance of TFA catalysis and support two reaction pathways involving the formation of an aza‐sulfonium cation A as a valuable intermediate which undergoes the π‐cyclization process alone or in tandem with the thiocyclization/isomerization to give the cyclized products cited above. For the latter tandem reaction, we have established clearly that the n value should be equal to 1, the process can be performed independently for both the succinimide and phthalimide series, the reaction depends on the nucleophilicity of the heteroatom, and can be generalized to other heterocycles. Only the role of the benzene substitution has still to be totally elucidated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis, Structure, and Photochromic Properties of Dithia‐(dithienylethena)phane Derivatives
Authors: Kamrul Hossain Mohammed , Takeshita Michinori , Yamato Takehiko
Published: June 2005

Dithia‐(dithienylethena)phane derivatives, composed of dithienylethene moieties and benzene bridges, were synthesized by a coupling reaction of the corresponding bis(chloromethyl)benzene with bis(mercaptomethyl)dithienylethene under high‐dilution conditions. The products exhibit photochromic properties upon irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light. The photocyclization and cycloreversion quantum yields were determined, and a relationship between the photocyclization quantum yield and distance between the reactive carbon atoms of the phane derivatives established. The ortho isomer has a high efficiency in photocyclization due to its fixation in the photo‐active anti conformation and short distance between the two reactive carbon atoms. The thermal stability of these photochromic compounds has been studied and the ortho isomer found to show thermal irreversibility. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Dipolar Route to Azepin‐3‐one Derivatives by Heterocyclization of Linear and Monocyclic Enallenyl Nitrones as the Key Step
Authors: Knobloch Karin , Koch Joachim , Keller Manfred , Eberbach Wolfgang
Published: June 2005

The recently discovered transformation of benzopentenynyl nitrones into 1,2‐dihydrobenz[c]azepin‐3‐ones has been extended to the synthesis of structurally different systems including the monocyclic derivatives 17 and 18, the bicyclic azepinones 10a–d, and the tricyclic heterocycles 37–40, 42, 43, 45, 47, and 48. In addition, the applicability of the reaction principle was demonstrated through the preparation of the benzo‐piperidino compound 52 which acts as a model compound for the alkaloid astrocasine (53). A multistep reaction mechanism is proposed that involves enallenyl nitrones as precursors of a 1,7‐dipolar electrocyclization process followed by further bond reorganizations. The occurrence of cyclopropanones (type E and H) as intermediates is supported by the formation of isoindoles (41, 44, and 46) as minor products in some cases. Photochemical studies with selected dihydroazepinones gave different results: Whereas the monocyclic azepinone 17 reacted under both direct and sensitized excitation to form the bicyclic diastereomers 20 and 21, the reactions of the bicyclic compounds 10 were more complicated. Only 10a,b were observed to undergo the 4π‐cyclization reaction upon direct irradiation, resulting, after CO extrusion and hydrolysis, in the formation of the aldehydes 22a,b. Under triplet‐sensitized conditions 10b–d undergo a 1,5‐phenyl shift to afford the isomers 25b–d. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reaction of Acyclic Enones Catalyzed byallo‐Threonine‐Derived Chiral Oxazaborolidinone
Authors: Singh Ram Shanker , Harada Toshiro
Published: June 2005

An allo‐threonine‐derived O‐(p‐biphenylcarbonyloxy)‐B‐phenyl‐oxazaborolidinone is demonstrated to be a powerful and highly enantioselective Lewis acid catalyst for the enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction of simple acyclic enone dienophiles, expanding the scope of ketone dienophiles and dienes. With 10–20 mol % of the catalyst, the Diels–Alder adducts are obtained with up to 94 % ee and high endo selectivity. The catalyst exhibits a high activity in the reaction with the less reactive β‐substituted dienophiles and the less reactive 1,3‐cycohexadiene and 1,3‐butadiene derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Evaluation of two‐dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry for tissue‐specific protein profiling of laser‐microdissected plant samples
Authors: Schad Martina , Lipton Mary S. , Giavalisco Patrick , Smith Richard D. , Kehr Julia
Published: June 2005

Laser microdissection (LM) allows the collection of homogeneous tissue‐ and cell‐specific plant samples. The employment of this technique with subsequent protein analysis has thus far not been reported for plant tissues, probably due to the difficulties associated with defining a reasonable cellular morphology and, in parallel, allowing efficient protein extraction from tissue samples. The relatively large sample amount needed for successful proteome analysis is an additional issue that complicates protein profiling on a tissue‐ or even cell‐specific level. In contrast to transcript profiling that can be performed from very small sample amounts due to efficient amplification strategies, there is as yet no amplification procedure for proteins available. In the current study, we compared different tissue preparation techniques prior to LM/laser pressure catapulting (LMPC) with respect to their suitability for protein retrieval. Cryo‐sectioning was identified as the best compromise between tissue morphology and effective protein extraction. After collection of vascular bundles from Arabidopsis thaliana stem tissue by LMPC, proteins were extracted and subjected to protein analysis, either by classical two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE), or by high‐efficiency liquid chromatography (LC) in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Our results demonstrate that both methods can be used with LMPC collected plant material. But because of the significantly lower sample amount required for LC‐MS/MS than for 2‐DE, the combination of LMPC and LC‐MS/MS has a higher potential to promote comprehensive proteome analysis of specific plant tissues.
Influence of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on the yield of chromosomal aberrations
Authors: Kiuru Anne , Lindholm Carita , Heilimo Iiris , Ceppi Marcello , Koivistoinen Armi , Ilus Taina , Hirvonen Ari , Norppa Hannu , Salomaa Sisko
Published: June 2005

We evaluated the influence of several DNA repair gene polymorphisms on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) analyzed in peripheral lymphocytes, using the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. The CA data were obtained from an earlier study of 84 healthy nonsmokers (48 women and 36 men) carefully characterized for indoor radon exposure. The frequency of translocations showed a wide interindividual variability, which was only partly explained by age. To investigate the potential role of DNA repair polymorphisms in this variation, genotypes of DNA repair genesOGG1(codon 326),XPD(codon 751),XRCC1(X‐ray repair cross‐complementing group 1) (codons 194, 280, and 399), andXRCC3(X‐ray repair cross‐complementing group 3) (codon 241) were determined from leukocyte DNA using polymerase chain reaction‐based methods. Negative binomial regression models were applied to evaluate the effect of the polymorphisms and other factors (age, gender, radon exposure, and medical exposure) on the frequency of CAs. No interactions between genotypes and radon, medical exposure, or gender were found. Carriers of theXRCC1codon 280His variant allele had a two‐fold increase (frequency ratio [FR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–3.98;P= 0.046) in unstable exchanges (dicentrics and ring chromosomes). In addition, theXRCC3codon 241 homozygous variant genotype (Met/Met) was associated with an increase (FR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.06–2.74;P= 0.028) in two‐way translocations when age was taken into account in the analysis. Our data suggest that theXRCC1280His andXRCC3241Met alleles affect individual CA levels, most probably via influencing the DNA repair phenotype. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 46:000–000, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytokine toxicity to oligodendrocyte precursors is mediated by iron
Authors: Zhang Xuesheng , Haaf Michael , Todorich Bozho , Grosstephan Erin , Schieremberg Henry , Surguladze Nodar , Connor James R.
Published: June 2005

Inflammatory processes play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Abnormal iron accumulation is frequently noted in these diseases and compelling evidence exists that iron is involved in inflammatory reactions. Histochemical stains for iron repeatedly demonstrate that oligodendrocytes, under normal conditions, stain more prominently than any other cell type in the brain. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that cytokine toxicity to oligodendrocytes is iron mediated. Oligodendrocytes in culture were exposed to interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Toxicity was observed in a dose‐dependent manner for IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. IL‐1β was not toxic in the concentrations used in this study. The toxic concentration of IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α was lower if the cells were iron loaded, but iron loading had no effect on the toxicity of IL‐1β. These data provide insight into the controversy regarding the toxicity of cytokines to oligodendrocytes by revealing that iron status of these cells will significantly impact the outcome of cytokine treatment. The exposure of oligodendrocytes to cytokines plus iron decreased mitochondrial membrane potential but activation of caspase 3 is limited. The antioxidant, TPPB, which targets mitochondria, protected the oligodendrocytes from the iron‐mediated cytotoxicity, providing further support that mitochondrial dysfunction may underlie the iron‐mediated cytokine toxicity. Therapeutic strategies involving anti‐inflammatory agents have met with limited success in the treatment of demyelinating disorders. A better understanding of these agents and the contribution of cellular iron status to cytokine toxicity may help develop a more consistent intervention strategy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Processes in Fullerene‐Based Donor–Acceptor Systems
Authors: Thomas K. George , George Manapurathu V. , Kamat Prashant V.
Published: June 2005

Photoinduced electron‐transfer processes in fullerene‐based donor–acceptor dyads (DBA) in homogeneous and cluster systems are summarized. Stabilization of charge has been achieved through the use of fullerene substituted‐aniline/heteroaromatic dyads with tunable ionization potentials and also by using fullerene clusters. The rate constants for charge separation (kCS) and charge recombination (kCR) in fullerene substituted‐aniline/heteroaromatic dyads show that forward electron transfer falls in the normal region of the Marcus curve and the back electron transfer in the inverted region of the Marcus parabola. Clustering of fullerene‐based dyads assists in effective delocalization of the separated charge and thereby slows down the back electron transfer in these cases.
A Facile Cell Free Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled (E)‐4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl Diphosphate, a Precursor of the Plant Hormone Zeatin
Authors: Raschke Maja , Fellermeier Monika , Zenk Meinhart H.
Published: June 2005

(E)‐4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl diphosphate (1) is a key intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis and a precursor of the plant hormone zeatin. The availability of this intermediate with various labeling patterns is pivotal for its use in biosynthetic studies. The number of positions, however, that can be easily labeled by chemical synthesis is limited, and the synthesis by means of recombinant enzymes is laborious and time consuming. We demonstrated that chromoplasts from Capsicum annuum, whose enzyme activity was impaired by freeze‐thawing, accumulate 1. This observation built the basis for the development of a cell‐free system allowing the synthesis of this intermediate with labels in various positions. With 2C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol 2,4‐cyclodiphosphate (5) as substrate, yields were in the range of 50%.
New Tryptophan Metabolites from Cultures of the Lipophilic Yeast Malassezia furfur
Authors: Irlinger Bernhard , Bartsch Andrea , Krämer Hans‐Joachim , Mayser Peter , Steglich Wolfgang
Published: June 2005

Eleven new indole alkaloids were isolated from cultures of the human pathogenic yeast Malassezia furfur after addition of L‐tryptophan as the sole N‐source: pityriacitrin B (2), the malassezindoles A (3) and B (4), malassezialactic acid (6), the malasseziazoles A (7), B (8), and C (9), pityriazole (10), malasseziacitrin (11), and malassezione (12), along with the known d‐indole‐3‐lactic acid (=(αR)‐α‐hydroxy‐1H‐indole‐3‐propanoic acid 5), and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethanone (13). The structural elucidation of these compounds was performed by spectroscopic methods (MS as well as 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR). The biogenetic relationships (Scheme) and biological activities of the new metabolites are discussed.
Anti‐magic graphs via the Combinatorial NullStellenSatz
Authors: Hefetz Dan
Published: June 2005

An antimagic labeling of a graph with m edges and n vertices is a bijection from the set of edges to the integers 1,…,m such that all n vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where a vertex sum is the sum of labels of all edges incident with that vertex. A graph is called antimagic if it has an antimagic labeling. In [10], Ringel conjectured that every simple connected graph, other than K2, is antimagic. We prove several special cases and variants of this conjecture. Our main tool is the Combinatorial NullStellenSatz (cf. [1]). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
A comparison of noninvasive MRI‐based methods of estimating pulmonary artery pressure in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Roeleveld Roald J. , Marcus J. Tim , Boonstra Anco , Postmus Pieter E. , Marques Koen M. , Bronzwaer Jean G.F. , Vonk‐Noordegraaf Anton
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of several noninvasive MRI‐based estimators of pulmonary artery pressure by comparing them with invasive pressure measurement.

Materials and Methods

We compared five MRI methods with invasive pressure measurement by catheterization, in one group of pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients. Doppler echocardiography was included as a reference method. Main inclusion criterion was a mean pulmonary artery pressure above 25 mmHg at catheterization. MRI velocity quantification was used to obtain pulmonary flow acceleration and ejection times, and pulse wave velocity. The ventricular mass index was also assessed on MRI. Two commercially available 1.5‐T systems were used for this study.

Results

Data from 44 patients were analyzed. Correlation of acceleration time with mean pressure was: r = –0.21, P = 0.21, correlation of the acceleration/ejection time ratio with systolic pressure was: r = –0.26, P = 0.01. The ventricular mass index showed the best correlation with mean pressure, with r = 0.56, P < 0.001. Using the pulse wave velocity and the cross‐sectional area of the pulmonary artery, the mean pressure could not be estimated accurately.

Conclusion

Accurate estimation of pulmonary artery pressure in PH patients was not feasible by the MRI estimators studied. These noninvasive methods cannot replace right heart catheterization at this moment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:67–72. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of 0.5‐M Gd‐DTPA with 1.0‐M gadobutrol for magnetic resonance angiography of the supplying arteries of the spinal cord in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients
Authors: Nijenhuis Robbert J. , Gerretsen Suzanne , Leiner Tim , Jacobs Michael J. , van Engelshoven Jos M.A. , Backes Walter H.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To prospectively compare 0.5‐M gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA) with 1.0‐M gadobutrol for contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) of the blood supplying arteries of the spinal cord in patients referred for open surgical repair of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA).

Materials and Methods

A total of 11 patients with a TAAA underwent two three‐dimensional CE‐MRA exams of the aorta, segmental arteries (SAs), artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA), and anterior spinal artery (ASA). Imaging was performed on two separate occasions using Gd‐DTPA and gadobutrol as contrast agents at 0.3 mmol/kg. Images were evaluated by measuring signal‐to‐noise (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) ratios and were judged for different image quality criteria by two blinded observers.

Results

In all patients both CE‐MRA exams were of sufficient image quality to detect the AKA and ASA. No significant differences in SNR and CNR were observed between the two contrast agents. According to the observers, no significant differences in subjective image quality were found.

Conclusions

Using both contrast agents it was possible to visualize the ultrasmall spinal cord arteries in all cases. The use of the 1.0‐M contrast agent did not improve image quality of CE‐MRA images of the blood supplying arteries of the spinal cord compared to the 0.5‐M contrast agent. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:136–144. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small bowel hydro‐MR imaging for optimized ileocecal distension in Crohn's disease: Should an additional rectal enema filling be performed?
Authors: Ajaj Waleed , Lauenstein Thomas C. , Langhorst Jost , Kuehle Christiane , Goyen Mathias , Zoepf Thomas , Ruehm Stefan G. , Gerken Guido , Debatin Jorg F. , Goehde Susanne C.
Published: June 2005

Purpose

To assess the impact of an additional rectal enema filling in small bowel hydro‐MRI in patients with Crohn's disease.

Materials and Methods

A total of 40 patients with known Crohn's disease were analyzed retrospectively: 20 patients only ingested an oral contrast agent (group A), the other 20 subjects obtained an additional rectal water enema (group B). For small bowel distension, a solution containing 0.2% locust bean gum (LBG) and 2.5% mannitol was used. In all patients, a breathhold contrast‐enhanced T1w three‐dimensional volumetric interpolated breathhold examination (VIBE) sequence was acquired. Comparative analysis was based on image quality and bowel distension as well as signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) measurements. MR findings were compared with those of conventional colonoscopy, as available (N = 25).

Results

The terminal ileum and rectum showed a significantly higher distension following the rectal administration of water. Furthermore, fewer artifacts were seen within group B. This resulted in a higher reader confidence for the diagnosis of bowel disease, not only in the colon, but also in the ileocecal region. Diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing inflammation of the terminal ileum was 100% in group B; in the nonenema group there were three false‐negative diagnoses of terminal ileitis.

Conclusion

Our data show that the additional administration of a rectal enema is useful in small bowel MRI for the visualization of the terminal ileum. The additional time needed for the enema administration was minimal, and small and large bowel pathologies could be diagnosed with high accuracy. Thus, we suggest that a rectal enema in small bowel MR imaging be considered. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:92–100. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.