bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Self-Care Practice Regarding Diabetes among Patient Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Hospitals, Kamrup (M), Assam, with a View to Develop Information Booklet on Management of Diabetes: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Chabungbam Shelly , Bayan Sabita
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose level resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic long term hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
Aim and Objective: To assess the knowledge and self-care practice regarding diabetes among patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in selected hospitals Kamrup (M), Assam
Methods and materials: A descriptive survey design was used to accomplish the objectives. 100 diabetic patients were selected as sample by using purposive sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire and inventory checklist were used to assess the level of knowledge and self- care practice.
Results: The study revealed that out of 100 sample, majority 84(84%) had moderate knowledge, and majority 52 (52%) had adequate practice regarding management of diabetes. There was moderate positive correlation between knowledge and practice score as the calculated r value is 0.43.There was significant association between the level of knowledge and practice with the demographic variables such as educational status, occupation, place of residence and duration of diabetes. There was also significant association between the level of practice with the demographic variables such as availability of glucometer a home, attended session of health education on diabetes and current treatment for diabetes.
Conclusion: Hence, proper awareness regarding self-care management of diabetes is needed in order to improve the knowledge and self-care practice among diabetic patient.

Key words: knowledge, self-care practice, Diabetes mellitus, Information booklet.
Evaluation of Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Level in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Devi KM , Patil R. K , Malhi Mandeep
Published: September 2021

Studies in past few years have linked oxidative stress as a potential marker of diabetes mellitus. Thus, based on the previous literature this study was planned with the aim to evaluate serum GGT activity and serum uric acid level as potential indicators of oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients.
A total of 68 participants were included following inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the statistical analysis, statistically significant differences were observed in the mean GGT activity between controls (30.19±7.639IU/L) and cases (59.386±22.215IU/L) (p=0.000). Similarly, mean serum uric acid level of controls (5.180±1.476mg/dl) and cases (3.510±0.792mg/dl) (p=0.000), were also statistically difference.
Further, after applying Pearson’s correlation, positive correlation between GGT and HbA1C level (r=0.390) and with GGT and FPG level (r=0.375) were observed. However, correlation between HbA1c and uric acid (r=-0.372); FPG and uric acid (r=-0.374) level suggested serum uric acid concentration was inversely proportional to the degree of dysglycemia in diabetes mellitus patients of this study.
Hence, results of this study suggested serum GGT activity and serum uric acid level were altered as compared to controls and cases. Thus, further study on these parameters may help to serve it as potential markers of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus patients.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, HbA1C, GGT, Uric acid and Oxidative stress.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Birth Spacing Methods among Primigravida Mothers Attending Antenatal OPD at a Selected Hospital, Kamrup (M), Assam: A Descriptive Study
Authors: . Limabenla , Nongkynrih Rikynti
Published: September 2021

Introduction: One of the many decisions made in the households, which has consequences on family wellbeing, is the timing and spacing of children. According to WHO birth spacing should be maintained at least two to three years to improve maternal health, reduce infant and child mortality.
Aims & Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding birth spacing methods among primigravida mothers attending antenatal OPD at a selected hospital, Kamrup (M), Assam.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey research design was adopted and purposive sampling technique was carried out to collect the samples. The sample size was 100 primigravida mothers who were attending antenatal OPD at Maternity and Child Welfare Hospital, Dhirenpara, Guwahati, Assam and who fulfills the inclusion criteria.
Results: Study findings showed that majority i.e. 48% respondents have inadequate knowledge, 46% respondents have moderate knowledge and 6% have adequate level of knowledge. Also Majority i.e. 78% respondents have moderately desirable attitude, 22% have desirable attitude and 0% had undesirable attitude regarding birth spacing methods. There was moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.309). There was significant association of knowledge with education, occupation and pregnancy in months, and also attitude with pregnancy in months, previous information regarding birth spacing and source of information.
Conclusion: Study found that knowledge were inadequate with moderately desirable attitude, therefore there should be more awareness programmes related to birth spacing methods among primigravida mothers. So as to improve their level of knowledge and to have a positive attitude towards birth spacing.

Key words: primigravida, mothers, birth spacing, knowledge, attitude, contraceptive.
Netflix Addiction- A Life Hacker: Short Communication
Authors: . Harshitha
Published: September 2021

Internet addiction is a behavioural addiction, similar to compulsive gambling, that can lead to behaviours similar to those seen in drug abuse disorders, such as bingeing. If we are not careful, internet and Netflix addiction might have a negative impact on our mental and physical health. Anxiety, depression, and loneliness can all be exacerbated by binge-watching. Any addiction requires the development of self-control and lifestyle changes that may provide a significant amount of diversion.
The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in Bengaluru has received the country's first case of Netflix addiction. Researchers have discovered instances when people's addiction has affected their interpersonal connections and caused them to lose productivity at work. The possibility of including Internet Addiction Illness as a diagnosable condition in the clinical setting has been investigated.
Meditation and other alternative activities, such as sports or nature walks, should be encouraged; finding a good balance is essential for overall wellness. There hasn't been a lot of research on how binge-watching affects mental health because it's a relatively new phenomena that's only been around for around five years.

Keywords: Internet addiction, Binge-Watching, Anxiety, Depression, and Loneliness.
Revealing the Secrets of Chinese Ivory Puzzle Balls: Quantifying the Crafting Process Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Van Liere Robert , Wang Ching-Ling
Published: September 2021

Chinese ivory puzzle balls are known for their beauty, finesse and their ability to intrigue viewers. From the eighteenth century until recently, they have been crafted by turning, using a simple lathe and a set of drilling and carving tools developed in the eighteenth century. The craft of Chinese ivory puzzle balls has been described as the ‘devil’s work’, as it requires a great deal of proficiency, accuracy and patience. This study presents a novel method for quantifying the crafting process of Chinese ivory puzzle balls. The method is based on measuring the morphological properties of ivory balls in three-dimensional images obtained using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanning techniques. The accuracy of the crafting process is obtained by comparing the measured properties with an underlying mathematical model of the ball. We apply the proposed method to ivory balls from the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The results show substantial differences in the accuracy of the crafting process. From an art-historical perspective, the results show that the accuracy of the crafting process evolved during the eighteenth century. They also suggest that the ivory balls we have analyzed have been crafted with different types of turning tools.
Discusión epistemológica en torno a la sustentabilidad y el desarrollo. Contribuciones multidisciplinarias
Authors: Iglesias Piña David , Carreño Meléndez Fermín , Platas López Francisco , Andrés Calderón Hena , Sánchez Barreto Rafael Fernando , Carrasco Aquino Roque Juan
Published: September 2021

En la amplitud discursiva de las Ciencias Sociales, se ha encontrado un gran escenario de planteamientos y replanteamientos en torno al contexto teórico-científico y social, donde la discusión, crítica y propuesta se fusionan para evidenciar el avance interpretativo de la realidad. Uno de los tópicos motivo de esta discusión es la sustentabilidad, cuya esencia constructiva ha generado convergencias y divergencias desde la ortodoxia y por supuesto de la heterodoxia, argumentando y contraargumentando la viabilidad de las proposiciones. Por tanto, es necesario reflexionar sobre la sustentabilidad, a partir de la teoría del conocimiento (epistemología) en afán de contribuir a este paradigma en términos de aportaciones teóricas de planteamientos alternos. Ésta es precisamente la tarea de la presente obra, cuyo contenido muestra en cada uno de los capítulos el análisis y la discusión realizada desde diferentes posicionamientos.
Medeniyet Endüstisi: Kültür Endüstrisine Doğulu Bir Bakış
Authors: METİN Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Frankfurt Okulu tarafından geliştirilen kültür endüstrisi kavramı tüketim toplumunun eleştirisine dayanır. Bu eleştiriye katkı sağlayan hemen her yazar meseleyi Batılı bir bakış açısından ele almıştır. Kültür endüstrisi ve onunla ilişkili modernizm, tüketim toplumu, kapitalizm gibi konularda Batılı olmayan yazarlar tarafından sayısız eser üretilmesine rağmen, çok azı akademik hassasiyetleri gözeterek karşılaştırmalı çalışılmıştır. Bu makale, Doğulu bir bakış açısıyla, kültür endüstrisinin Doğu üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Analiz sonucunda-her ikisi de kültür endüstrisine eleştirel yaklaşmakla birlikte- Doğulu ve Batılı yazarların endişelerinin aynı olmadığı görülmüştür. Öyle ki, Batılı yazarlar bireye odaklanmakta ve konuyu bireyin özgürlüğü ekseninde ele almaktadırlar. Doğulu yazarlar ise dini ve milli bağlara daha fazla önem atfetmekte ve konuyu kimlik bağlamında değerlendirmektedirler. Bu makale, ikinci yaklaşımı medeniyet endüstrisi şeklinde kavramsallaştırmayı önermektedir.
Japan's New Model of Engagement with the BRI: Economic Statecraft, Developmental Pragmatism and Institutional Shaping
Authors: TÜTER Mustafa
Published: September 2021

This article aims to explain why Japan’s approach towards China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been changed recently, and then explore how Japan could broadly and deeply choose to engage with the initiative in the future. By focusing on Japan’s evolving geoeconomic strategy in East Asia, it argues that Japan’s new model of engagement with China’s BRI is shaped by its use of economic statecraft which involves two types of characterization: developmental pragmatism and institutional rule-shaping. While ‘Japan as a pragmatic participant’ induces comprehensive cooperation with China for achieving greater mutual benefits, ‘Japan as a shaper’ within the BRI attempts to push China’s efforts of infrastructure development into setting high quality standards and implementing best practices. As a result, Japan is more likely to sustain its positive use of economic statecraft in engaging with China’s BRI in the future. Japan’s deeper engagement with the BRI, however, largely depends on the issues of intersection between economics and security. The possibility for developing a cooperation in the field of technological innovation represents a critical challenge, and also a new stage for moving into Japan’s political engagement with the BRI.
Úlcera gigante gástrica como forma de presentación del linfoma gástrico primario. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía
Authors: Fernández Guillermo Rubén , Zanetti Matías , Argüello Mariano Rubén , Martínez Rejtman Liria Salomé , Francisco Marisa , Gomila Jorge , Valdemoros Paula
Published: September 2021

Giant peptic ulcers are defined as having a diameter greater than 2 cm in the case of duodenal ulcers, and greater than 3 cm in the case of gastric ulcers. The presentation is infrequent, but raises questions about the etiological factor and the definitive treatment. The literature on its physiopathology is scarce and the cases described are unusual. The following case is presented to review the conduct to be followed in the presence of a giant gastric ulcer. We highlight the difficulty to assess the differential diagnosis of malignant pathology, trying to emphasize the value of the predictive factors of malignancy to define the conduct to follow. Finally, we focus on the relationship between the clinical presentation of gastric giant ulcer with primary gastric lymphomas and their clinical characteristics.
Justicia, autoridad y relación con la norma: valores universales en una cinematografía local
Authors: Rivera-Betancur Jerónimo León
Published: September 2021

La justicia y la autoridad son conceptos clave de la cultura y es posible rastrear sus múltiples acepciones a lo largo del tiempo. Contrario a lo que podría pensarse, no se trata de nociones inmutables, sino de categorías que cambian frecuentemente desde lo que cada sociedad considera correcto y justo, así como desde el poder que se otorga a los ciudadanos para ejercer la autoridad. En este apartado se revisan ambos conceptos a la luz de la cultura colombiana y su reflejo en el cine nacional para encontrar que, en la práctica, la justicia puede “no ser justa” y la autoridad puede ser ilegítima.
Revaloración y seguimiento del paciente séptico
Authors: Michelsen Andrade Mariana , Sánchez Caicedo María José , León Ariza Henry Humberto , García Casallas Julio César , Millán Prada Henry
Published: September 2021

En el módulo de revaloración y seguimiento del paciente séptico se enfoca en la monitorización y el seguimiento en las primeras 6 y 12 horas y, posteriormente, cada 24 horas, con el objetivo de realizar una valoración continua, incluyendo la hemodinámica, y determinar el requerimiento de intervenciones adicionales (prevención de úlcera gastroduodenal aguda, control de la glucemia, prevención de la trombosis venosa profunda), y proveer una adecuada nutrición, el uso apropiado de antipiréticos y analgésicos endovenosos en caso de precisarse, según objetivos de tratamiento realistas y las expectativas de los familiares en relación con el pronóstico del paciente. Adicionalmente, se ilustra cómo realizar una adecuada lectura crítica del antibiograma con el objetivo de lograr la estrategia de escalonamiento y desescalamiento, según el caso, buscando optimizar el manejo antibiótico, todo con el fin de lograr adecuada cobertura antibiótica al mismo tiempo que una disminución de la presión selectiva sobre la flora del paciente. Se menciona la importancia de la aplicación de la estrategia time out de Stanford, con el propósito de dar tiempo para asegurarse de que el objetivo del equipo médico sea el mismo. Se enfatiza en las recomendaciones del uso de vasopresores e inotrópicos, al igual que en los criterios de intubación y extubación en pacientes sépticos. Por último, se trata de los criterios de ingreso y egreso de hospitalización y de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) según el modelo de priorización de ingreso a la UCI.
“Our Temples for Tomorrow”: Langston Hughes and the Making of a Democratic Korea
Authors: Huh Jang Wook
Published: September 2021

In 1964 a Korean scholar wrote to Langston Hughes, asking him to send some sources for publishing the “first Negro literature series” in Korea. Providing some of his books, Hughes supported the project that would feature “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” and other works. This article examines how Koreans translated “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” and other poems from the late 1940s to 1970s to explore Hughes's long-lasting influence on Korea. Korea's political landscape drastically changed during this period, punctuated by the ending of American military rule and the beginning and deepening of Korean authoritarian rule. The author argues that Korean writers, inspired by black resistance to American racism, disseminated Hughes poems to instill a sense of democracy in Koreans under the dictatorial regime. By building on scholarship of Hughes's global interactions, this article traces a transpacific legacy of Hughes's humanistic aesthetics that encouraged Koreans to envision social justice.
Rules for dealing with orthodontic appliances in the orthodontic office and laboratory in order to prevent cross‑infection
Authors: Tokarczuk Beata , Suhs Piotr , Sokół Kamil , Tokarczuk Dominik
Published: September 2021

Celem pracy była ocena współpracy lekarzy i techników zajmujących się ortodoncją w zakresie procedur dezynfekcji oraz identyfikacja etapów pracy mogących powodować przeniesienie zakażeń krzyżowych na etapie wykonania i napraw aparatów ortodontycznych. Materiał do badań stanowiły odpowiedzi na pytania ankietowe udzielone przez uczestników 21. Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Ortodontycznego i III Kongresu Polskiego Towarzystwa Techniki Ortodontycznej w 2018 r. we Wrocławiu. Uzyskane dane przeanalizowano również w odniesieniu do publikacji naukowych oraz obowiązujących przepisów prawnych. Ankieta dotyczyła odkażania aparatów w gabinecie przed oddaniem pacjentowi oraz w pracowni przed oddaniem do gabinetu. Zapytano również o używanie tego samego sprzętu i narzędzi w pracowni do wykonywania nowych i napraw używanych aparatów oraz o częstotliwość wymiany pumeksu polerskiego. W analizowanych publikacjach stwierdzono, że pumeks może być w istotnym stopniu skażony drobnoustrojami chorobotwórczymi, a jego codzienna wymiana i odkażanie powinno być obligatoryjne. Do obowiązków personelu gabinetu ortodontycznego i pracowni technicznej należy prawidłowa dezynfekcja wykonywanych i naprawianych aparatów ortodontycznych, a także pisemne potwierdzenie wykonanej procedury dezynfekcji. Istnieje konieczność poznania i wdrożenia wspólnych, ujednoliconych procedur odkażania wycisków i aparatów dla gabinetów ortodontycznych i pracowni technicznych.
Political Street Stickers in Resistance to Biopower in Poland: The Case of Krakow During the 2020 Polish Presidential Election Campaign
Authors: Cole Michael
Published: September 2021

Though largely ignored by scholars of political participation, stickers are an increasingly common means of expressing socio-cultural identities and a staple of contemporary protest movements. In Poland, the “LGBT-Free Zone” stickers sold with the newspaper Gazeta Polska in 2019 provided a clear demonstration of ruling party Law and Justice’s (PiS) hegemonic and exclusionary bio-conservative discourse. A year later, during the 2020 presidential elections, as issues related to LGBT+ rights became a key battleground revealing socio-political divisions in the country, a series of pro-LGBT+ stickers appeared in Krakow. This paper first evaluates the combination of linguistic and visual elements that makes political stickers a unique genre of expression. Multimodal discourse analysis of the pro-LGBT+ stickers posted in Krakow subsequently reveals an alternative conceptualization of “Polishness” that includes the LGBT+ community rather than excluding it on biopolitical grounds.
Análise da Constituição do Estado novo brasileiro a partir da ideia de constitucionalismo antiliberal de Carl Schmitt
Authors: Oliveira Meira Victor Augusto de , De Souza Simões Sandro Alex , Sales Pinheiro Victor
Published: September 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo verificar semelhanças conceituais e argumentativas entre a teoria política antiliberal de Carl Schmitt e o populismo brasileiro do Estado Novo. Procurar-se-á investigar, primeiramente, os conceitos políticos e constitucionais bem como as soluções antiliberais de Schmitt para o ciclo temporal de problemas da democracia liberal. Para tal empreitada toma-se como referência duas obras de Carl Schmitt publicadas durante a República de Weimar, “O Conceito do Político” e “A Teoria da Constituição”, visando definir o conceito de político, constituição, democracia substancial, sociedade de massas e o mito carismático da figura do líder que a mobiliza para construção da unidade política nacional. A partir destes conceitos, será analisado o pensamento de Francisco Campos, principal artífice da Constituição brasileira de 1937 e conhecido como o jurista do Estado Novo, na tentativa de demonstrar uma convergência de preocupações e semelhanças de ideias acerca de um estado democrático de direito. A primeira parte da pesquisa foi realizada através de método hipotético dedutivo, com levantamento de bibliografia de Schmitt, ao passo que a segunda parte consiste na identificação de conceitos trabalhados pelo jurista alemão de forma semelhante na justificativa construída por Campos, diretamente no texto da Constituição de 1937.
Nota dos editores
Authors: Viana Diniz de Freitas Roberto , Mont'Alverne Barreto Lima Martonio , Cavalcanti Ramos Machado Raquel
Published: September 2021

Nota dos editores
Perfiles del ciberdelito: un campo de estudio inexplorado
Authors: Sánchez Barahona Silvia
Published: September 2021

El análisis de la incidencia y expansión del ciberdelito requiere de un enfoque complementario y especializado que viene dado por la Criminología. La perfilación en el ámbito del ciberdelito nos permite recopilar y analizar información sobre rasgos de comportamiento que han sido moldeados por la evolución tecnológica, la hiperconectividad, el anonimato en el manejo profesional o empírico de programas creados y/o utilizados para la comisión de delitos en el ciberespacio, y la utilización del delito informático como medio dirigido contra personas individuales e infraestructuras políticas y económicas.
Los cambios sociales generados por las nuevas tecnologías afectan nuestro bienestar económico, social y político. Ante cada innovación tecnológica crece en paralelo la conducta antisocial que la utiliza para su beneficio y en detrimento de terceros. El presente trabajo pretende destacar la importancia que merece la Criminología como parte integrante de la especialización y permanente capacitación de los operadores de Justicia penal con el objetivo de implementar políticas de persecución penal que contrarresten la acelerada expansión de los delitos informáticos.
Partiendo de la identificación de las motivaciones en la comisión de los delitos informáticos pueden elaborarse estudios interesantes sobre la incidencia de este fenómeno criminógeno en nuestra región latinoamericana, tomando como punto de referencia los estudios y análisis de expertos europeos y norteamericanos.
La prevención y lucha contra la expansión del ciberdelito es una de las prioridades en la coordinación y cooperación de las diferentes instituciones policiales de la región (véase Ameripol o Interpol) en sintonía con las líneas de actuación dictadas por el Convenio de Budapest y en el marco de cooperación internacional contra el crimen organizado.
Mecanismos del comercio electrónico frente a la informalidad digital de las MIPYMES con emprendimientos verdes en Colombia y Nicaragua
Authors: Misas Quiñonez Liyei Mairena , Silva Abarca María José , Ruiz Centeno Ana Victoria
Published: September 2021

Las MIPYMES representan el 99.6% del total de las empresas en Colombia y casi el 90% en Nicaragua, lo que demuestra su importancia para el sistema productivo de ambos países latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, dentro de esos porcentajes no se encuentran muchas MIPYMES con auténticas innovaciones ambientales, debido a que su entrada al mercado se caracteriza por ser retardado como consecuencia de la informalidad tanto presencial como digital, lo cual estanca el progreso de un desarrollo sostenible. Por tanto, se resulta necesario implementar herramientas o recursos que permitan el cumplimiento de los ODS (Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible) para hacer frente a la informalidad, así como utilizar tecnologías digitales, es decir, hacer uso del comercio electrónico para consolidar y fomentar proyectos verdes de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES), los cuales disminuyen los impactos negativos en los procesos de producción, distribución y consumo.
Supergene Oxidation of Copper Deposits: Zoning and Distribution of Copper Oxide Minerals
Authors: CHÁVEZ WILLIAM X.
Published: September 2021

Copper oxides represent an attractive exploration target because even low-grade prospects have the potential to produce low-cost copper in an environmentally friendly fashion. Derived from liypogene and/or supergene sulfides, copper oxides comprise a series of distinct assemblages that characterize a variable pH. oxidizing geochemical environment known as “the oxide zone.” Development of oxide copper minerals is a function of source-rock and host-rock mineralogy, pyrite and other (copper) sulfide abundance and distribution, fracture density and distribution, phreatic and/or vadose zone occurrence and stability, and maturity of the weathering profile

The paragenesis оf copper oxide mineral formation reflects local, dynamic changes in supergene solution composition attributable to reaction between host-rock mineral components and dissolved species Especially important are the concentrations of because mineral assemblages, even those that are metastable. represent the geochemical environment in which they formed, identification and mapping of copper oxides is useful in interpreting the geochemical history of an oxide zone. Furthermore, practical application of oxide zone geochemistry is significant in the recognition and solution of problems associated with weathering-engendered metals oxidation and transport from mine wastes.
Discovery of a Jurassic Porphyry Copper Belt, Pangui Area, Southern Ecuador
Authors: GENDALL IAN R. , QUEVEDO LUIS A. , SILLITOE RICHARD H. , SPENCER RICHARD M. , PUENTE CARLOS O. , LEÓN JUAN P. , P0VEDO ROMULO R.
Published: September 2021

Grassroots exploration has led to discovery of 10 porphyry copper prospects in the previously unexplored Jurassic arc of southeastern Ecuador. The prospects are located in steep, wet, jungle-covered terrain in the Pangui area, part of the Cordillera del Cóndor. The exploration program, initially mounted in search of gold in the Oriente foreland basin, employed panned-concentrate drainage sampling. Follow-up of the resulting anomalies utilized soil sampling combined with rock-chip sampling and geologic mapping of the restricted creek outcrops. Scout and infill drilling of two of the prospects, San Carlos and Panantza, has shown hypogene mineralization averaging 0.5 to 0.7 percent Cu overlain by thin (averaging <30 m) zones of chalcocite enrichment or oxidized copper mineralization.

The prospects are centered on small, composite granocliorite to monzogranite porphyry stocks that cut the Zamora batholith or, in one case, a satellite pluton. The batholith is emplaced into Jurassic volcanosedimentary formations, which concealed Triassic extensional half-grabens before being incorporated into the Subandean fold-thrust belt along the western margin of the Oriente basin. North- and northwest-striking normal faults in the hanging wall of a major north-striking fault zone controlled the locations of most of the porphyry centers.

K silicate and variably overprinted intermediate argillic alteration, containing chalcopyrite as the principal sulfide mineral, characterize the central parts of most of the porphyry prospects and grade outward to pyrite-dominated propylitic halos. Overprinted sericitic alteration is generally less widely developed, although apparently shallower erosion at the Warintza and Wawame prospects resulted in preservation of extensive pyrite-rich sericitic zones. All the prospects contain appreciable (60–250 ppm) molybdenum, but gold tenors are low except at Panantza and Wawame (~0.15 and 0.2 g/t, respectively). Supergene oxidation and chalcocite enrichment zones are immature because of inhibition by the rapid erosion prevalent in the Pangui area. Supergene profiles attain their maximum development on ridge crests but are essentially absent along major creeks.

Discovery of the Pangui belt, along with other recently defined porphyry copper systems in northern Perú, Indonesia, and the Philippines, underscores yet again the efficacy of drainage geochemistry as an exploration technique in tropical and subtropical arc terranes as well as the outstanding potential for additional exposed deposits in poorly explored parts of the circum-Pacific region.
Effects of fermentation on the proximate, anti-nutrients, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids profiles of jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam) seeds
Authors: Alawode Rhamatallah Adenike , Ndamitso Muhammed Muhammed , Iyaka Yahaya Ahmed , Anuonye Julian Chukwuemeka
Published: September 2021

Background: Fermentation has been recognized as one of the oldest ways of food processing that increase food quality by increasing nutrient bio-availability through the reduction in anti-nutrient compositions. The present study evaluated the effects of fermentation on nutrients and anti-nutrients composition of jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam) seed. Methods: The seed of Z. mauritiana was fermented for 24 hr. Standard analytical procedures were used to analyse the proximate, minerals, amino acid, fatty acid and anti-nutrient compositions of the seed sample at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hr of fermentation. Results: The seed has high amounts of proteins, minerals, amino acids and low levels of anti-nutrients. The seed also has higher unsaturated than saturated fatty acids. Fermentation significantly increased the minerals compositions, decreases anti-nutrients and some amino acid levels but had no plausible effects (p>0.05) on proximate contents of the seed. Fermentation for 6 and 12 hr had no significant (p <0.05) effect on the fatty acids, however, at 18 and 24 hr a significant (p<0.05) reduction in fatty acid were recorded. On the basis of nutrient retention, the most plausible and positive effects of the fermentation on Z. mauritiana were observed at ≤ 12 of fermentation. Conclusion: Ziziphus mauritiana seed could be employed as an alternative source of nutrients for humans and animals. However, fermentation of Z. mauritiana should be done for a period of ≤ 12 hr if necessary
Prevalence and Risk Factors of East Coast Fever in the Copperbelt and Central Provinces of Zambia
Authors:   Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Chabala David Chipuku , Simuunza Martin ,   The University of Zambia, Namangala Boneface ,   The University of Zambia
Published: September 2021

East Coast fever (ECF) is an infectious tick-borne disease of cattle, caused by a protozoan parasite Theileria parva. It is a disease of major economic importance in Zambia as it is the main cause of cattle morbidity and mortality. Despite its economic importance, the epidemiology of ECF in Zambia is poorly understood, thereby making ECF prevention and control difficult. Further, there is limited published literature on this disease in Zambia, with little available research concentrating on Southern and Eastern provinces. Such literature is mostly based on serological techniques such as indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) which have limited sensitivity and specificity. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of ECF in Copperbelt and Central provinces of Zambia. The study was cross-sectional in design. Multistage cluster sampling was used involving district, veterinary camp, herd and individual animals. The provinces and districts were selected based on their vast potential for livestock production and the previously reported incidence of ECF. From each district, two veterinary camps were randomly selected. From each camp, herds were randomly selected from which individual animals were randomly sampled. Samples were collected from Mpongwe and Masaiti districts (Copperbelt province) and Kapiri Mposhi and Chibombo districts (Central province). Samples were examined for the presence of schizonts on Giemsa stained lymph smears. The lymph smear examinations revealed that 6.4% (95%, CI=4.9-7.9) of the samples were positive for T. parva schizonts. In Central province, the overall prevalence was 6.7% (95%, CI=4.0-8.2), while in the Copperbelt province it was 6.1% (95%, CI=4.0-8.2). Among the districts in these provinces, Kapiri Mposhi did not record any schizont positive cattle, while Masaiti recorded 2.4% (95%, CI=0.5-4.3). Mpongwe had a prevalence of 9.7% (95%, CI=6.0-13.4) and Chibombo had the highest prevalence at 13.6% (95%, CI=9.4-17.9). Risk factors that were identified to be associated with ECF were the district, frequency of veterinary service provision, tick control frequency, age and previous experience of ECF. The results indicate that ECF is prevalent in Copperbelt and Central provinces and hindering livestock production. There is hence the need for concerted efforts to control ticks and prevent ECF transmission through farmer sensitization, routine, regular, mandatory and supervised dipping and spraying of cattle and stringent livestock movement control.
Neonatal Apgar Score Outcomes in Spinal Versus General Anaesthesia at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka.
Authors:   Levy Mwanawasa General Hospital, Muloshi Carol
Published: September 2021

Background: The knowledge gap was from the fact that the type of anaesthetic drug administered during caesarean section can have effects on neonatal outcome like low Apgar score with most hospitals in developed countries now using more modern inhalational anaesthetic agents with fewer or no cardio-respiratory depressant effects e.g. Isoflurane or Sevoflurane. However at UTH, halothane is still being used for maintenance of general anaesthesia despite well documented cardio-respiratory depressant effects with very limited research done on its effects on neonatal Apgar score. The Apgar score is a means of rapid evaluation of the physical condition of infants shortly after birth. Thus this study investigated the effects of general anaesthesia with halothane versus spinal anaesthesia on neonatal Apgar score. Objective and study design: With the view of determining the type of anaesthesia administered during caesarean section with the least effects on neonatal wellbeing shortly after birth, a prospective observational cohort study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital between May 2015 and January 2016.The scientific objective was to determine the effects of general anaesthesia with halothane versus spinal anaesthesia on neonatal Apgar score. This study involved 70 neonates, 54 were born from mothers that had undergone caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia and 16 from mothers that had undergone general anaesthesia. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Inferential analysis was conducted using logistic regression. Results: 20 neonates out of 54 (37%) in the spinal anaesthetic group had an Apgar score less than 8 at 1 minute[Fig 1]. Out of the 16 neonates in the general anaesthesia group, 14 (87.5%) had Apgar score less than 8 at 1 minute[Fig 1]. One (1.9%) neonate had an Apgar score less than 8 at 5 minutes in the spinal anaesthesia group. While 4 (25%) neonates had Apgar score less than 8 in the GA group[Fig2] The logistic regression at 1 minute Showed that it is over 11 times more likely to get a low Apgar with a general anaesthetic as compared to a spinal anaesthetic (OR 11.9), [Table 3]. The Apgar score at 1 minute in the Spinal anaesthesia group was statistically significantly higher than the general anaesthesia group (p=0.002). The logistic regression at 5 minutes Showed that it is over 17 times more likely to get a low Apgar with a general anaesthetic as compared to a spinal anaesthetic (OR 17.7), [Table 4]. Further, the 5 minutes Apgar score in the spinal anaesthesia group was statistically significantly higher than the general anaesthesia group (p=0.014),[Table 4]. Conclusion: With the results pointing to the fact that there is significant difference in neonatal Apgar score outcomes in spinal versus general anaesthesia, the researcher therefore rejected the null hypothesis. It is therefore inferred that spinal anaesthesia method has better neonatal outcomes by Apgar score measure than general anaesthesia method.
COMPARING THE RETURN ON MUDHARABAH DEPOSIT AND THE RETURN ON EQUITY: ASSESSING THE FAIRNESS IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors: Nurul Fadhilah  , Achmad Tohirin
Published: September 2021

Abstract

This paper compared the return on mudharabah deposit (ROMD) and the return on equity (ROE) in Indonesian Islamic banks to unveil the differences and factors that affect them. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the profit and loss sharing mechanism in Islamic banking through the return on mudharabah deposit and on equity. The quarterly financial report from 10 Islamic banks within the period of 2011 to 2016 are processed using independent t-test to compare means and panel regression method to disclose the variables affecting the behavior of ROMD and ROE. The results show that the ROMD and ROE are statistically different, with ROMD tend to be lesser than ROE. It also found that ROA, total equity/total asset, total total deposit/total asset, total financing/total asset, bank size and total of mudharabah deposit accounts are affect the variability of ROMD, and the same variables,exclude the mudharabah deposit account, affect the ROE. Following this result, Islamic banks in Indonesia need to evaluate the governance to treat the mudharabah contract as a mode of equity participation in nature, as like as the contract with the shareholders, in order to comply with Islamic economic framework through the presence of the fairness in banking business.
La paz difícil. El reconocimiento de la historia y los actores de paz
Authors: Rodríguez Vargas Hernán
Published: September 2021

A la pregunta por recorrer, ¿para quién es la paz?, una respuesta, diríamos, desalentadora: para los vencidos. Más que desalentadora, realista, en un sentido radical, es decir, negativa y positivamente. Este trabajo busca examinar quiénes son los vencidos y cómo son las múltiples formas en las que hacen, construyen y elaboran procesos de paz —incluso, es posible examinar contra quiénes—. No solo la guerra tiene antagonismos, hacer la paz también los tiene. De estos reconocimientos podremos hacer el tránsito de “vencidos” a actores de paz, que, a su vez, han de asumirse, y se asumen, en lo que aquí denominamos la paz difícil, concepto a desarrollar a lo largo del trabajo, y desde el cual se evidencian de forma crítica algunos retos y desafíos que implican aproximarnos a nuevas formas de comprendernos socialmente, una vez se dejan atrás las opciones violentas para tramitar conflictos. Abstract: A discouraging answer, we would say, to the question “for whom is peace?” would be: for the vanquished. More than discouraging, realistic in a radical sense, that is, negatively and positively. This work seeks to examine who are the losers and how are the multiple ways in which they make, build and elaborate peace processes; it is even possible to examine against whom. Not only does war have antagonisms, making peace has them too. From these acknowledgments we can make the transition from “losers” to actors of peace, which, in turn, have to be assumed, as they assume themselves, as what we here call the difficult peace; a concept to develop throughout the work, and from which are critically evidenced some challenges that involve approaching new ways of social self-understanding once we have left behind the violent options to process a multiplicity of conflicts, in present, past and future. Keywords: Difficult peace, vanquished, peace actors, conflict.
Perpetuación del despojo: Petróleo e inseguridad jurídica en la tenencia de la tierra en el Caquetá
Authors: Díaz Parra Karla
Published: September 2021

La estructura de tenencia de la tierra en el Caquetá se caracteriza por una marcada diferencia entre grandes y pequeños propietarios y una alta informalidad en la tenencia. El conflicto armado en el departamento, particularmente a partir de la retoma militar del Caguán (2002-2010), ha reforzado estas características. Sobre este mismo territorio, desde el año 2006, se inicia el proceso de adjudicación de bloques petroleros.

Este artículo se pregunta por la incidencia de la adjudicación de bloques petroleros y las posibilidades de retorno de las víctimas de desplazamiento que, al salir de sus predios, no contaban con títulos de propiedad. Sostengo que la industria petrolera se ha servido de la informalidad en la tenencia y el desplazamiento para recrear la ficción de un territorio vacío en donde desarrollar sus actividades extractivas. Este análisis recoge los aportes teóricos de David Harvey (2004) sobre acumulación por desposesión, el estudio del mercado de tierra de Karl Polanyi (2007) y Saskia Sassen (2010) sobre el nuevo orden institucional privado.

Abstract: The land tenure structure in Caquetá is characterized by a marked difference between large and small landowners and a high informality in tenure. The armed conflict in the Department, particularly since the military takeover of Caguán (2002-2010), has reinforced these characteristics. On the same territory since 2006 the process of awarding oil blocks. This article asks about the incidence of the allocation of oil blocks and the prospect to return for victims of displacement who, when they leave their land, didn´t had land deeds. I argue that the oil industry has used informality in tenure and displacement to create the fiction of an empty territory in which to develop its extractive activities.

This analysis includes the theoretical contributions of David Harvey (2004) on accumulation by dispossession, the study of the land market by Karl Polanyi (2007) and Saskia Sassen (2010) about the new private institutional order.

Keywords: emptying, accumulation, land tenure, oil, displacement.
La movilización social en Colombia, un freno a la locomotora minera: el caso del páramo de Santurbán
Authors: Tibocha Avellaneda Julie Paola
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo reflexiona sobre el conflicto socioambiental sucedido en el 2011 en torno al proyecto de minería a cielo abierto Angostura, en Santander, con el objetivo de mostrar las dificultades y contradicciones que enfrentó el proceso de resistencia y organización social que logró que la empresa Greystar (hoy Eco Oro) retirara la solicitud de licencia ambiental y que se ordenara al Estado delimitar el Páramo de Santurbán. Para este fin se revisó la normatividad, así como textos académicos, entrevistas a los distintos actores y artículos periodísticos. Una de las principales conclusiones es que el ascenso de un Estado neoliberal que responsabiliza a la inversión extranjera del crecimiento económico y el progreso social, tiene como resultado el aumento de las desigualdades sociales y económicas, propicia el deterioro ambiental y produce fracturas en la sociedad civil, que al encontrar limitaciones para participar en los asuntos que la afectan, recurren a las movilizaciones masivas en las calles para presionar al Estado, frenar el mercado desregulado y visibilizar las demandas a toda la ciudadanía.

 

Abstract: This paper recovers the socio-environmental conflict happened in 2011 around the Project of opencast mining Angostura in Santander, with the object of show the obstacles, dificulties and contradictions that faced the process of resistance and social organization which managed that the Company Greystar (Today Eco Oro) retire the request of environmental license and that it be ordered to the State delimits the Saturban’s Paramo. For this end it was revised normativity, academic texts, interviews with the different actors and newspaper articles. One of the principals conclussions is that the ascent of a neoliberal State that blames to the foreign investment of the economic growth and social progress results in the increase in social and economics inequalities, propitiates environmental deterioration and produces fractures in civil society that when encountering limitatios for participate in matters that affect it, resort to the massive mobilizations in the streets as a way to put pression on the State, stop the deregulated market and visibilize the demands to the rest of citizens.

Keywords: Socio-environmental conflict, neoliberalism, social movements, mining, Foreign Investment.
El Parque del «Descabezado» o de Camilo Torres y las luchas sociales en Barrancabermeja en los años ochenta
Authors: Archila Neira Mauricio
Published: September 2021

El parque del «Descabezado» o de Camilo Torres en Barrancabermeja hace parte de las memorias disputadas en torno a la destrucción del monumento a Camilo Torres en 1986 —a los 20 años de su muerte—, en medio de un auge de luchas en el país y en el Magdalena Medio. Luego de una reflexión sobre la memoria colectiva y los monumentos, se indaga sobre la historia del monumento, sus gestores iniciales y los varios ataques que recibió hasta la reconstrucción reciente del actual parque. Esta disputa obliga a mirar las luchas populares en el Magdalena Medio en el segundo lustro de los años ochenta, con la violencia que se incrementará en ese auge, de la cual el episodio del «Descabezado» es solo una representación simbólica.

Abstract: The “Beheaded” or Camilo Torres Park in Barrancabermeja is a part of the memories disputed over the destruction of the monument to Camilo Torres in 1986—20 years after his death—in the context of increasing social struggles in the country and the Middle Magdalena region. After discussing collective memory and monuments, this paper examines the history of this particular monument in Barrancabermeja, its promoters and the numerous attacks it received until the recent reconstruction of the park. The dispute over memory in this case leads to a discussion on the people’s struggle in the Middle Magdalena region in the second half of the 1980s, and the increasing violence, of which the episode of the beheaded statue of Camilo Torres is just a symbolic representation.

Keywords: Middle Magdalena, Barrancabermeja, people's struggles, Camilo Torres Park, violence
¿Autocastigo o cuerpos en resistencia? Luchas en y por la periferia de la ciudad
Authors: García Martha Cecilia
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza las protestas sociales que fueron acompañadas de acciones performáticas con rasgos religiosos que implicaron violencias corporales autoinfligidas, como actos de rebeldía en los que se usa el cuerpo como «hecho político» atravesado por un interés colectivo de cambio. Los protagonistas de estas acciones fueron pobladores periurbanos que develaron sus malestares ante la manera como la urbe, Bogotá, se expandió sobre sus contornos rurales, en un proceso que no ha estado exento de violencias en su pretensión de imponer la urbanidad —léase civilización, modernización, industrialización y progreso— sobre el espacio, los actores y las interacciones rurales, y tender mantos de olvido sobre la rurbanización y la bidireccionalidad de estos procesos.

Abstract: This article analyzes social protests involving performative actions with religious features, such as self-inflicted bodily violence, as acts of rebellion in which the body is used as a “political fact” crossed by a collective interest of change. The protagonists of these actions were peri-urban residents who evidenced their discomfort with the city, Bogotá, and how it expanded over its rural surroundings. In fact, the imposition of urbanity—be it civilization, modernization, industrialization or progress—has not been free of violence over the space, actors, and rural interactions, nor has been the imposition of oblivion on the bidirectionality of the rurbanization process.

Keywords: social protests, extra-institutional participation, bodily violences, urban expansion.