bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic-Loaded Platelet-Rich Fibrin (AL-PRF) as a New Carrier for Antimicrobials: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Niemczyk Wojciech , Żurek Jacek , Niemczyk Stanisław , Kępa Małgorzata , Zięba Natalia , Misiołek Maciej , Wiench Rafał
Published: February 2025

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has emerged as a promising scaffold for drug delivery, particularly in the context of antimicrobial therapies. This systematic review evaluates the incorporation of antibiotics into PRF to determine its efficacy as a localized antimicrobial delivery system compared to plain PRF without antibiotics. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including 13 in vitro studies with a moderate risk of bias. Antibiotics were incorporated into PRF using different methodologies, including systemic administration before blood collection, addition to blood before centrifugation, and injection into formed PRF matrices. Outcomes were analyzed regarding antibacterial efficacy, structural integrity of PRF, and release kinetics. Antibiotic-enhanced PRF demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. The efficacy of the enhanced PRF was dependent on the type of antibiotic, its concentration, and incorporation method. Encapsulation approaches facilitated a sustained antibiotic release, while higher antibiotic concentrations occasionally disrupted PRF integrity. Systemic administration of antibiotics before blood collection enriches PRF effectively, producing significant inhibition zones. The antibacterial effects of PRF outperformed alternative carriers, such as collagen sponges. Antibiotic-loaded PRF is a potent tool for localized antimicrobial delivery, with promising applications in clinical settings. Further research is needed to standardize preparation protocols and explore the impact of different antibiotic delivery methods on PRF’s regenerative properties.
Arcyriaflavin A Alleviates Osteoporosis by Suppressing RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Zhu Mengbo , Xu Mingwei , Bertheloot Damien , Brom Victoria C. , Sieberath Alexander , Salber Jochen , Welle Kristian , Burger Christof , Wirtz Dieter C. , Wang Shaowei , Schildberg Frank A.
Published: February 2025

Osteoclasts (OCs) are important therapeutic targets in the treatment of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to explore a novel therapeutic approach for osteoporosis using Arcyriaflavin A (ArcyA), a natural compound derived from the marine invertebrate Eudistoma sp. We systematically evaluated the effects of ArcyA on OC differentiation and function in mouse models using molecular biology assays, cellular function analyses and in vivo animal experiments. We also evaluated the efficacy of ArcyA in human cells. The TRAP staining results provide the first clear evidence of the drug’s inhibitory effect, whereby the administration of ArcyA led to a significant reduction in TRAP-positive cells compared to the control group at concentrations that were non-toxic to bone marrow macrophages. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in the number of multinucleated giant cells with more than ten nuclei was observed. Furthermore, similar TRAP staining results were reproduced in human OCs, suggesting that ArcyA has the same effect on OCs derived from human PBMCs. At the molecular level, ArcyA treatment resulted in the downregulation of genes relevant to OC differentiation (NFATc1, cFos and TNFrsf11α), fusion and survival (DCstamp and ATP6v0d2) and resorption function (CTSK, MMP9, integrin β3 and ACP5). A western blot analysis of the corresponding proteins (NFATc1, cFos, CTSK and integrin β3) further confirmed the PCR results. Furthermore, ArcyA-treated OCs produced significantly fewer resorption pits, indicating suppressed bone resorption activity. Consistent with this, in vivo experiments using an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mouse model showed that ArcyA treatment significantly alleviated bone loss. Mice in the treatment groups had higher BV/TV values, and this therapeutic effect was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, our research also showed that IκB could be a potential target for the inhibitory effect of ArcyA. In conclusion, these findings suggest that ArcyA has significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Further studies are warranted to explore its clinical applications.
Molecular Biological Determination of HER2 Status Using Both DNA and RNA Approaches: A Concordance Study with IHC Assessment
Authors: Ruszova Ema , Khaznadar Ziad , Spurkova Zuzana , Vlcanova Katerina
Published: February 2025

The immunohistochemical (IHC) or fluorescence/chromogenic in situ hybridization (FISH/CISH) assays for assessing HER2 are now recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncologists and the College of American Pathologists, but there are an increasing number of published studies describing alternative diagnoses at the molecular level. Inspired by these studies, we established a laboratory-developed test (LDT) to analyze HER2 status not only at the gene expression level but also at the gene copy number. A precise copy number calculation was fulfilled including the Control Genomic DNA of known concentration, which allowed subsequent assay validation at the DNA level. The results were reported according to the concordant results of the DNA and RNA approaches. By comparing with IHC determination, completely identical results were found in ten blank samples, which underlines the legitimacy of molecular biological approaches in this diagnostic field. An equivocal sample that was positive by IHC and qPCR was found to be negative by the FISH and so it may change the choice of personalized medicine. The topic of this short communication will hopefully contribute to allowing IVD-certified diagnostics based on the HER2 gene expression profile or copy number to be tested in the Czech Republic as well.
Evolution of UCP1 Gene and Its Significance to Temperature Adaptation in Rodents
Authors: Liang Xinyue , Wu Minyu , Nong Qiuting , Yang Siqi , Kan Tuo , Feng Ping
Published: February 2025

Adaptive thermogenesis comprises shivering thermogenesis dependent on skeletal muscles and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Although the thermogenic function of UCP1 was adopted early in some placental mammals, positive selection predominantly occurred in the ancestral branches of small-bodied species. Some previous studies have revealed that rodents living in northern or high mountain regions adapt to cold environments by increasing NST, whereas those living in tropical and subtropical regions that are not exposed to cold stress express low concentrations of UCP1, indicating that UCP1 may have evolved to adapt to ambient temperatures. In this study, we explored the evolution of UCP1 and its significance to temperature adaptation by performing detailed evolutionary and statistical analyses on 64 rodents with known genomes. As a result, a total of 71 UCP1 gene sequences were obtained, including 47 intact genes, 22 partial genes, and 2 pseudogenes. Further, 47 intact genes and 3 previously published intact UCP1 genes were incorporated into evolutionary analyses, and correlation analyses between evolutionary rate and ambient temperatures (including average annual temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature) of the rodent survives were conducted. The results show that UCP1 is under purifying selection (ω = 0.11), and among rodents with intact UCP1 sequences, Urocitellus parryii and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus—the two species with the lowest ambient temperatures among the rodents used here—have higher evolutionary rates than others. In the statistical analyses, in addition to ambient temperatures, body weight and weight at birth were also taken into account since weight was previously proposed to be linked to UCP1 evolution. The results showed that after controlling for the phylogenetic effect, the maximum temperature was significantly negatively correlated with the evolutionary rate of UCP1, whereas weight did not have a relationship with UCP1 evolutionary rate. Consequently, it is suggested that ambient temperature can drive the evolution of rodent UCP1, thereby enhancing NST adaptation to cold stress.
KinasePred: A Computational Tool for Small-Molecule Kinase Target Prediction
Authors: Di Stefano Miriana , Piazza Lisa , Poles Clarissa , Galati Salvatore , Granchi Carlotta , Giordano Antonio , Campisi Luca , Macchia Marco , Poli Giulio , Tuccinardi Tiziano
Published: February 2025

Protein kinases are key regulators of cellular processes and critical therapeutic targets in diseases like cancer, making them a focal point for drug discovery efforts. In this context, we developed KinasePred, a robust computational workflow that combines machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence to predict the kinase activity of small molecules while providing detailed insights into the structural features driving ligand-target interactions. Our kinase-family predictive tool demonstrated significant performance, validated through virtual screening, where it successfully identified six kinase inhibitors. Target-focused operational models were subsequently developed to refine target-specific predictions, enabling the identification of molecular determinants of kinase selectivity. This integrated framework not only accelerates the screening and identification of kinase-targeting compounds but also supports broader applications in target identification, polypharmacology studies, and off-target effect analysis, providing a versatile tool for streamlining the drug discovery process.
Correction: Baran et al. Cleavage of Early Mouse Embryo with Damaged DNA. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3516
Authors: Baran Vladimír , Ďuríček Tomáš , Pisko Jozef , Drutovič Dávid , Šolc Petr
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Bone and Hemophilia: The Role of Factor VIII—Systematic Review
Authors: Berni Micaela , Forlino Antonella , Caliogna Laura , De Felice Liliana , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Jannelli Eugenio , Mosconi Mario , Tonelli Francesca , Torriani Camilla , Pasta Gianluigi
Published: February 2025

Factor VIII (FVIII) is involved in several molecular pathways and biological processes; indeed, it has a role in the coagulative cascade, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, brain and renal function, cancer incidence and spread, macrophage polarization, and angiogenesis. Hemophilic patients usually present an increase in fracture risk, bone resorption, and an excess of osteoporosis as compared to healthy individuals. Several studies have tried to clarify their etiology but unfortunately it is still unclear. This review focuses on the role of FVIII in bone biology by summarizing all the knowledge present in the literature. We carried out a systematic review of the available literature following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Several studies demonstrated that FVIII is involved in different molecular pathways interfering with bone physiology; it exerts interesting effects on OPG/RANK/RANKL pathways and thrombin/PAR1 pathways. These data confirm a relationship between FVIII and bone metabolism; however, there are still many aspects to be clarified. This review highlights the role of the coagulation factor FVIII in bone metabolism, suggesting new hypotheses for future studies both in vitro and in vivo to better understand the important pleiotropic role of FVIII and hopefully to develop new therapeutic agents for skeletal diseases.
Cranberry Oil: A Potent Natural Intimate Care Ingredient Displaying Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Promoting Beneficial Vaginal Lactobacillus
Authors: Boira Cloé , Jolibois Julia , Durduret Anaïs , Tiguemounine Jean , Szewezyk Caroline , De Tollenaere Morgane , Scandolera Amandine , Reynaud Romain
Published: February 2025

Cranberry oil is known for nutritional benefits, and this work is aimed at studying its soothing properties and potential as an intimate care ingredient. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-irritation properties of cranberry oil were evaluated on epithelial cells and tissues, including the vaginal epithelium. The impact of the oil on vaginal microbiota was assessed in vitro. Cranberry oil reduced oxidative stress in keratinocytes (ROS −43%) and lowered inflammation by lessening the release of cytokines IL-8 (−33%) and TNF-α (−32%). Irritation induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in skin explants was lowered by 24%. Cranberry oil and fruit extract acted synergistically on inflammation, decreasing TNF-α release by 75% (vs. −34% and −16%, respectively). Cranberry oil reduced inflammation on EpiVaginal™ tissue, decreasing IL-6 by 36%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cranberry oil on the pathogenic vaginal microorganisms C. albicans and G. vaginalis was 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The oil promoted the growth of commensal L. jensenii (×79 at 0.1%) and favored a high proportion of lactic acid bacteria when co-cultured with C. albicans. Cranberry oil has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties on skin. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed on vaginal epithelium, and initial in vitro evidence indicates that the oil can balance vaginal flora to prevent dysbiosis.
From Misinformation to Insight: Machine Learning Strategies for Fake News Detection
Authors: Mouratidis Despoina , Kanavos Andreas , Kermanidis Katia
Published: February 2025

In the digital age, the rapid proliferation of misinformation and disinformation poses a critical challenge to societal trust and the integrity of public discourse. This study presents a comprehensive machine learning framework for fake news detection, integrating advanced natural language processing techniques and deep learning architectures. We rigorously evaluate a diverse set of detection models across multiple content types, including social media posts, news articles, and user-generated comments. Our approach systematically compares traditional machine learning classifiers (Naïve Bayes, SVMs, Random Forest) with state-of-the-art deep learning models, such as CNNs, LSTMs, and BERT, while incorporating optimized vectorization techniques, including TF-IDF, Word2Vec, and contextual embeddings. Through extensive experimentation across multiple datasets, our results demonstrate that BERT-based models consistently achieve superior performance, significantly improving detection accuracy in complex misinformation scenarios. Furthermore, we extend the evaluation beyond conventional accuracy metrics by incorporating the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and Receiver Operating Characteristic–Area Under the Curve (ROC–AUC), ensuring a robust and interpretable assessment of model efficacy. Beyond technical advancements, we explore the ethical implications of automated misinformation detection, addressing concerns related to censorship, algorithmic bias, and the trade-off between content moderation and freedom of expression. This research not only advances the methodological landscape of fake news detection but also contributes to the broader discourse on safeguarding democratic values, media integrity, and responsible AI deployment in digital environments.
Climate Warming Increases the Voltinism of Pine Caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler): Model Predictions Across Elevations and Latitudes in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Bao Yongbin , Gele Teri , Liu Xingpeng , Tong Zhijun , Zhang Jiquan
Published: February 2025

The pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Bulter, Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is a destructive insect threatening forest communities across Eurasia. The pest is polyvoltine, and under global warming, more favorable temperatures can lead to additional generations. Here, we simulated the pine caterpillar voltinism under current and future climatic scenarios based on insect thermal physiology and cumulative growing degree day (CGDD) model. Subsequently, we revealed the future change patterns of the voltinism along elevational and latitudinal gradients. The results showed that both CGDD and pine caterpillar voltinism are increasing. The current voltinism of pine caterpillar ranges from 1.26 to 1.56 generations (1.40 ± 0.07), with an increasing trend of 0.04/10a. Similar trends are expected to continue under the future climate scenarios, with values of 0.01/10a, 0.05/10a, 0.07/10a, and 0.09/10a for the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. At the elevation and latitudinal gradients, voltinism increases across all ranges, peaking at 500–1000 m and latitudes of 34–34.5° N. This study highlights that the increase in voltinism is not limited to low-elevation and -latitude regions but is predicted across various elevations and latitudes. These findings can enhance our understanding of how climate change affects pine caterpillar voltinism and contribute to forest pest management strategies, although this study assumes a linear relationship between temperature and voltinism, without considering other ecological factors.
A Systematic Investigation of Beam Losses and Position-Reconstruction Techniques Measured with a Novel oBLM at CLEAR
Authors: King Montague , Benitez Sara , Christie Alexander , Effinger Ewald , Esteban Jose , Farabolini Wilfrid , Gilardi Antonio , Korysko Pierre , Meyer Jean Michel , Salvachua Belen , Welsch Carsten P. , Wolfenden Joseph
Published: February 2025

Optical Beam-Loss Monitors (oBLMs) allow for cost-efficient and spatially continuous measurements of beam losses at accelerator facilities. A standard oBLM consists of several tens of metres of optical fibre aligned parallel to a beamline, coupled to photosensors at either or both ends. Using the timing information from loss signals, the loss positions can be reconstructed. This paper presents a novel oBLM system recently deployed at the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR). Multiple methods of extracting timing and position information from measured waveforms with silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) and photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are investigated. For this installation, the optimal approach is determined to be applying a constant fraction discrimination (CFD) on the upstream readout. The position resolution is found to be similar for the tested SiPM and PMT. This work has resulted in the development of a user interface to aid operations by visualising the beam losses and their positions in real time.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Acute Myocardial Infarction—A Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Yakubov Tamara , Abu Tailakh Muhammad , Shiyovich Arthur , Gilutz Harel , Plakht Ygal
Published: February 2025

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share common risk factors. To evaluate the long-term incidence and predictors of new-onset T2DM (NODM) among post-AMI adults, we conducted a retrospective analysis of AMI survivors hospitalized between 2002 and 2017. Eligible patients were followed for up to 16 years to identify NODM, stratified by demographic and clinical characteristics. Among 5147 individuals (74.2% males, mean age 64.6 ± 14.9 years) without pre-existing T2DM, 23.4% developed NODM (cumulative incidence: 0.541). Key risk factors included an age of 50–60 years, a minority ethnicity (Arabs), smoking, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) ≥ 5.7%, and cardiovascular comorbidities. A total score (TS), integrating these factors, revealed a linear association with the NODM risk: each 1-point increase corresponded to a 1.2-fold rise (95% CI 1.191–1.276, p < 0.001). HbA1C ≥ 6% on the “Pre-DM sub-scale” conferred a 2.8-fold risk (p < 0.001), while other risk factors also independently predicted NODM. In conclusion, post-AMI patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, particularly middle-aged individuals, Arab individuals, and those with HbA1C ≥ 6% or MetS, are at a heightened risk of NODM. Early identification and targeted interventions may mitigate this risk.
ImmunoMet Oncogenesis: A New Concept to Understand the Molecular Drivers of Cancer
Authors: Sirajee Reshma , El Khatib Sami , Dieleman Levinus A. , Salla Mohamed , Baksh Shairaz
Published: February 2025

The appearance of cancer progresses through a multistep process that includes genetic, epigenetic, mutational, inflammatory and metabolic disturbances to signaling pathways within an organ. The combined influence of these changes will dictate the growth properties of the cells; the direction of further malignancy depends on the severity of these “disturbances”. The molecular mechanisms driving abnormal inflammation and metabolism are beginning to be identified and, in some cases, are quite prominent in pre-condition states of cancer and are significant drivers of the malignant phenotype. As such, utilizing signaling pathways linked to inflammation and metabolism as biomarkers of cancer is an emerging method and includes pathways beyond those well characterized to drive metabolism or inflammation. In this review, we will discuss several emerging elements influencing proliferation, inflammation and metabolism that may play a part as drivers of the cancer phenotype. These include AMPK and leptin (linked to metabolism), NOD2/RIPK2, TAK1 (linked to inflammation), lactate and pyruvate transporters (monocarboxylate transporter [MCT], linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism) and RASSF1A (linked to proliferation, cell death, cell cycle control, inflammation and epigenetics). We speculate that the aforementioned elements are important drivers of carcinogenesis that should be collectively referenced as being involved in “ImmunoMET Oncogenesis”, a new tripartite description of the role of elements in driving cancer. This term would suggest that for a better understanding of cancer, we need to understand how proliferation, inflammation and metabolic pathways are impacted and how they influence classical drivers of malignant transformation in order to drive ImmunoMET oncogenesis and the malignant state.
Anticoagulation Management: Current Landscape and Future Trends
Authors: Kholmukhamedov Andaleb , Subbotin David , Gorin Anna , Ilyassov Ruslan
Published: February 2025

Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells while removing the waste. It also possesses a hemostasis function to prevent excessive bleeding. However, abnormal clot formation (thrombosis) within healthy blood vessels can lead to life-threatening conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and pulmonary embolism. This review explores anticoagulants, their historical aspects, current clinical applications, and future trends. Anticoagulants play a critical role in preventing and treating thrombosis by interfering with different stages of blood clotting. The journey began with heparin, a rapidly acting injectable medication discovered in 1916. The introduction of warfarin in the 1950s revolutionized anticoagulation by offering long-term oral regimens. Today, anticoagulants are crucial for managing conditions like deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, especially in an aging population with a rising prevalence of thrombotic complications. Three main types of anticoagulants are used today: vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), injectable heparins, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Despite advancements, managing anticoagulant therapy remains complex due to individual patient variability, the need for regular monitoring, and the delicate balance between preventing thrombosis and bleeding risks. Emerging trends include the development of factor XIa inhibitors, which promise more targeted thrombosis prevention with potentially lower bleeding risks. This review highlights the ongoing innovation in anticoagulant development, the need for precise management, and potential future avenues like factor XIa inhibitors. Additionally, artificial intelligence holds promise for improving patient outcomes and addressing the complexities of thrombotic disease management by personalizing therapy and reducing bleeding risks.
The Relevance of Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers: A Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Analysis
Authors: Roncero Carlos , Bravo-Grande José , Remón-Gallo Diego , Andrés-Olivera Pilar , Payo-Rodríguez Candela , Fernández-Parra Alicia , Aguilar Lourdes , Peña Marta , González-Sánchez Armando
Published: February 2025

Background: Insomnia significantly impairs healthcare worker (HCW) well-being, particularly amid COVID-19 sequelae and shift work demands. We aimed to assess the prevalence of insomnia among HCWs, identify those needing clinical intervention, analyze shift work as a potential risk factor, and explore associations with COVID-19 sequelae and psychiatric comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered at the University of Salamanca University Care Complex (CAUSA) from March 2023 to January 2024. Validated scales (Insomnia Severity Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2) were used to measure insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Participants scoring ISI ≥ 7 were invited for Occupational Medicine follow-up. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Results: Overall, 1121 HCWs participated (mean age 44.59 ± 11.78, 78.3% women). The mean ISI score was 10.5 ± 5.8 (subclinical insomnia), with 22.7% reporting moderate and 3% reporting severe insomnia. Depression and anxiety affected 28.4% and 33% of respondents, respectively. Shift workers had poorer sleep (mean ISI 11.3 ± 0.9 vs. 8.8 ± 0.3, p < 0.001). Individuals reporting COVID-19 sequelae were 3.1 times more likely to have insomnia than those who did not (mean ISI 13.89 ± 5.9 vs. 10.33 ± 5.7, p < 0.001). Over one-quarter reported at least the monthly use of sleep or psychiatric medications. Conclusions: Insomnia remains prevalent among HCWs, influenced by shift work, COVID-19 sequelae, and mental health factors. Targeted, multidisciplinary interventions, e.g., workplace policy changes, mental health programs, and shift schedule adjustments) are urgently needed to safeguard well-being, reduce burnout, and maintain quality patient care. Ensuring adequate sleep is central to minimizing errors and preserving professional performance. Future studies should investigate the impact of coordinated workplace strategies to effectively address insomnia.
Surviving in a Warmer Marine World: A Study on the Impact of Thermal Effluent on Posidonia oceanica Meadows and Associated Fish Assemblages in the Maltese Islands
Authors: Marrone Alessio , Rinaldi Alessandro , Montalto Valeria , Gauci Adam , Ape Francesca , Ringeard Henri , Spoto Marco , Martinez Marco , La Marca Emanuela Claudia La , Mirto Simone , Deidun Alan
Published: February 2025

Ocean warming poses significant threats to coastal ecosystems. This study investigates the impact of thermal effluents from power plants, as proxies for climate-driven temperatures increase, on Posidonia oceanica meadows and associated fish communities. Using a gradient-based approach, we analyzed environmental variables, seagrass indicators, fish assemblages, and functional group (FG) dynamics across a thermal gradient extending from the effluent outfall itself. Results indicate that temperature is the dominant factor influencing P. oceanica, with reduced leaf length, shoot density, and rhizome weight characterizing samples closest to the effluent. Despite compensatory mechanisms, the overall photosynthetic biomass and resilience declined under thermal stress. Fish assemblages exhibited reduced species richness and biodiversity close to the thermal effluent, with opportunistic and thermophilic species dominating. An FG analysis revealed disrupted seasonal patterns, shifts in trophic dynamics, and functional compensation among species, highlighting potential ecological imbalances. Notably, transient predators thrived near the effluent, while more sedentary and temperate species were displaced. These findings underscore the cascading effects of rising temperatures on coastal habitats such as P. oceanica meadows and their associated communities, emphasizing the urgency for conservation measures. By identifying critical thresholds and adaptive responses, this study contributes valuable insights into the consequences of localized impacts of thermal stress on coastal biodiversity and ecosystem services.
The Role of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Toward Carbon-Neutral Ports: A Data-Driven Approach Using Empirical Data
Authors: Yu Shaohua , Huang Zhaoliang , Tang Daogui , Ma Weiming , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: February 2025

Ports are critical hubs in the global supply chain, yet they face mounting challenges in achieving carbon neutrality. Port Integrated Multi-Energy Systems (PIMESs) offer a comprehensive solution by integrating renewable energy sources such as wind, photovoltaic (PV), hydrogen, and energy storage with traditional energy systems. This study examines the implementation of a real-word PIMES, showcasing its effectiveness in reducing energy consumption and emissions. The findings indicate that in 2024, the PIMES enabled a reduction of 1885 tons of CO2 emissions, with wind energy contributing 84% and PV 16% to the total decreases. The energy storage system achieved a charge–discharge efficiency of 99.15%, while the hydrogen production system demonstrated an efficiency of 63.34%, producing 503.87 Nm3/h of hydrogen. Despite these successes, challenges remain in optimizing renewable energy integration, expanding storage capacity, and advancing hydrogen technologies. This paper highlights practical strategies to enhance PIMESs’ performances, offering valuable insights for policymakers and port authorities aiming to balance energy efficiency and sustainability and providing a blueprint for carbon-neutral port development worldwide.
Surface Wave Effects on Storm Surge: A Case Study of Typhoon Doksuri (2023)
Authors: Peng Zhiyong , Wang Peng
Published: February 2025

Storm surge is one of the most significant marine hazards in coastal regions of Fujian, China. Previous studies show that surface waves can exacerbate storm surge by providing additional momentum and mass flux. In fact, surface wave effects on currents can be divided into conservative and non-conservative parts. However, it is unclear whether or not both kinds of wave effects are important to storm surge. In this study, we utilize an ocean circulation model coupled with surface wave forcing to investigate wave effects on the storm surge caused by Typhoon Doksuri (2305). The results indicate that both Stokes drift and wave breaking significantly contribute to the storm surge in the region located in the northeast quadrant of the typhoon’s trajectory. Wave breaking enhances the onshore current during the passage of the typhoon. This effect, combined with the onshore Stokes drift, leads to a rapid accumulation of nearshore water, thereby exacerbating storm surge. This study compares the contribution of conservative and non-conservative wave effects to the storm surge induced by Doksuri and underscores the necessity for numerical models to incorporate wave breaking and Stokes drift in order to accurately simulate and forecast storm surge.
Probabilistic Approach for Best Estimate of Fuel Rod Fracture During Loss-of-Coolant Accident
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Narukawa Takafumi , Takata Takashi
Published: February 2025

Nuclear power plant risk assessments rely on conservative deterministic criteria for core-damage determination despite significant advancements in plant response and system analyses. This study proposes a probabilistic approach to determine fuel rod fracture during loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) in light-water reactors, addressing the need for more rational and realistic assessments. The methodology integrates a fuel rod fracture probability estimation model with best-estimate-plus-uncertainty analysis of plant response, utilizing the stress–strength model and Monte Carlo simulations. Both stress and strength distributions are estimated through Bayesian statistical modeling, with numerical integration techniques implemented to enhance accuracy for low-frequency events. The application of this approach to a virtual dataset demonstrated that while conventional deterministic methods indicated definitive rod fracture, our probabilistic analysis revealed a more realistic fracture probability of 15.1%. This significant finding highlights the potential reduction in assessment conservatism. The proposed methodology enables a transition from conservative binary evaluations to more realistic probabilistic assessments of core damage, providing more accurate risk insights for decision-making.
Species Diversity of Edible Mushrooms I—Four New Laccaria Species from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Tang Song-Ming , Zhao Guo , Niu Kai-Yang , Li Rui-Yu , Yu Feng-Ming , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Li Lin , Hyde Kevin D. , Su Xi-Jun , Luo Zong-Long
Published: February 2025

As symbiotic mycorrhizal associates, species within the genus Laccaria play pivotal roles in forest ecosystems, specifically forming ectomycorrhizal relationships with the root systems of various plants. Some Laccaria species are recognized for their edibility, holding potential as a sustainable food source in the context of future food security and dietary diversification. In this study, the species diversity of Laccaria in Yunnan was investigated, and four novel species were identified. Their taxonomical positions and phylogenetic affinities were confirmed through phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, nrLSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data. Macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of the new species are also given here. Laccaria brownii sp. nov. has a dark to slightly desaturated orange pileus, stipe context broadly fistulose and soft orange, and relatively smaller cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. Laccaria orangei sp. nov. has a hemispherical to paraboloid pileus, abundant narrowly clavate, flexuose, and branched cheilocystidia. Laccaria ruber sp. nov. pileus is red on the margin, clearly striate on the pileus surface, basidia clavate, mostly four-spored, rarely two-spored. Laccaria stipalba sp. nov. stipe surface is white, long sterigmata (4–13 μm × 2–3 μm), pleurocystidia narrowly clavate to subclavate, flexuose or mucronate, rarely branch. The descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analysis results of the new taxa are provided. In addition, the new taxa are compared with closely related taxa.
Comparative Analysis of Pedicle Screw Fixation and Interspinous Devices in Lumbar Spinal Fusion: Clinical and Surgical Outcomes in Degenerative Spine Conditions
Authors: Orlando Vittorio , Galieri Gianluca , Mazzucchi Edoardo , Pignotti Fabrizio , Carcagnì Antonella , Bazzu Paola , Altieri Roberto , Barbarisi Manlio , Olivi Alessandro , Sabatino Giovanni , La Rocca Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Degenerative lumbar spine conditions are a major cause of disability, particularly in elderly patients or those with comorbidities. Surgical treatment often combines decompression and stabilization to address pain and instability. Pedicle screws are the gold standard for stabilization but pose challenges in patients with compromised bone quality. Interspinous devices have emerged as a less invasive alternative, but comparative studies are limited. This study aimed to compare clinical and surgical outcomes of lumbar decompression with stabilization using pedicle screws versus interspinous devices. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent lumbar decompression with either pedicle screw fixation or interspinous device stabilization at Mater Olbia Hospital between February 2020 and February 2023. Outcomes were evaluated using VAS for back and leg pain, SF-36 for quality of life, EQ-5D, and SCL-90 for psychological factors. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression. Results: A total of 728 patients were included. The interspinous device group consisted of older patients with higher comorbidity burdens (mean age: 68.4 vs. 59.2 years, p < 0.001). Surgical time and incision size were significantly shorter in the interspinous group (p < 0.001), and no postoperative complications were reported, compared to 3.5% in the pedicle screws group (p < 0.05). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in pain (VAS), quality of life (SF-36, EQ-5D), and psychological outcomes (SCL-90). Somatization and paranoid ideation were significant predictors of worse postoperative pain, particularly in the pedicle screws group. No significant differences in quality-of-life improvements were observed between the groups. Conclusions: Both stabilization techniques are effective for lumbar spine surgery, with interspinous devices offering a safer and less invasive option for high-risk patients. Psychological factors significantly influence pain outcomes, underscoring the need for a comprehensive approach addressing both physical and psychological aspects to optimize patient recovery.
The Influence of Fashion Retailers on Customer Psychology Using Visual Merchandising and Store Layout to Improve Shopping Decision
Authors: Florea Nicoleta-Valentina , Croitoru Gabriel , Coman Dan-Marius , Coman Mihaela-Denisa
Published: February 2025

This study explores how visual merchandising and store layout influence customer shopping decisions. This research aims to identify the key factors that shape consumer behavior and provide useful insights for retailers by using interactive marketing factors. Data were collected from 488 respondents in the South Muntenia region of Romania, a key economic hub with significant retail activity. Given its economic diversity and proximity to Bucharest, this region serves as a representative microcosm of consumer behavior trends in Romania. The survey was distributed physically and virtually through social media platforms (Facebook and WhatsApp groups, and email networks) to ensure a diverse and representative sample. To analyze the data, this study utilized SmartPLS, a powerful tool for structural equation modeling (SEM). This approach allowed for an in-depth examination of the relationships between visual merchandising, store layout, and customer shopping behavior, providing a more comprehensive view of the conceptual model. This study’s theoretical contributions stem from its holistic approach, which combines different aspects of visual merchandising and store layout into a unified conceptual model. By analyzing how these elements work together, this study offers a deeper understanding of customer shopping behavior. Retailers are encouraged to prioritize product arrangement, make effective use of exterior lighting, and maintain engaging window displays. These strategies can attract more customers, encourage impulse purchases, and improve the overall store profitability. This study underscores the critical role that visual merchandising and store layout play in shaping customer shopping decisions. By optimizing product layout, enhancing exterior lighting, and creating captivating window displays, retailers can design a more engaging shopping experience that boosts customer satisfaction, increases sales, and builds customer loyalty.
Land Resource Allocation and Green Economic Development: Threshold Effect on Local Government Functional Performance in China
Authors: Wen Yuyuan , Li Fangfang , Wang Zhiqing
Published: February 2025

Given the increasing scarcity of natural resources and the global imperative for sustainable development, the relationship between land resource allocation and green economic efficiency remains crucial but underexplored. This study, utilizing land transfer data from China Land Market Network, examines 285 cities at or above the prefectural level in China from 2007 to 2019. By applying a modified Slake-Based Measure (SBM) directional distance function model (MSBM), the study quantifies green economic efficiency and develops various panel models to investigate the impact of land resource misallocation on urban green economic efficiency. The findings indicate that land resource misallocation significantly impedes the enhancement of urban green economic efficiency. This is primarily achieved through the reduction in human capital investment and the weakening of technological conversion capabilities, both of which adversely affect the development of green economies in cities. Furthermore, government performance levels are shown to play a pivotal role in moderating the relationship between land resource misallocation and green economic efficiency, with regional heterogeneity evident between cities in old industrial bases and those in non-old industrial bases. These results underscore the critical importance of rational land resource allocation in improving green economic efficiency and facilitating the achievement of high-quality urban development.
Reply to Karademir, F.; Fírat, T. Comment on “Covelli et al. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) vs. Exercise in Thumb Osteoarthritis (SWEX-TO): Prospective Clinical Trial at 6 Months. Life 2024, 14, 1453”
Authors: Covelli Ilaria , De Giorgi Silvana , Di Lorenzo Antonio , Pavone Angelo , Salvato Fabrizio , Rifino Francesco , Moretti Biagio , Solarino Giuseppe , Notarnicola Angela
Published: February 2025

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MoS2 Additives in Lithium Grease for Electrified Systems
Authors: Tajedini Mohsen , Kabir M. Humaun , Azhdari Rouzhina , Bahrami Reza , Sue Hung-Jue , Liang Hong
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of micron- and nano-sized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) particles as additives in lithium (Li) grease under electrified conditions. By systematically applying electric current and high temperatures as experimental parameters, we evaluated the frictional and wear performance of the grease formulations. Our results showed that micron MoS2 (M-MoS2) particles outperform their nano counterparts in reducing friction in the range of room temperature to 40 °C. Meanwhile, at 80 °C, nano-sized MoS2 (N-MoS2) particles provide better surface protection. The superior performance of M-MoS2 is attributed to their particle size, which improves the ability to form a more stable and robust lubricating film under the given electrical conditions. In terms of wear, both MoS2-added greases showed substantial improvements, with a 93% reduction in wear at 40 °C and an 85% at 80 °C under an applied 3 A current. Surface characterization revealed that M-MoS2 resulted in a smoother surface with less severe pitting and melted pools compared to the base grease. EDX analysis showed the existence of oxygen, molybdenum, and sulfur in M-MoS2, indicating the presence and stability of MoS2 on the wear track. These findings suggest that MoS2 additives have great potential for improving the efficiency and durability of lubricants in electrically and thermally demanding applications.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding Performance and Photoelectric Characteristics of ZnS Infrared Window
Authors: Yang Liqing , Guo Rongxing , Gao Fei , Guan Yongmao , Zhang Mengwen , Wang Pengfei
Published: February 2025

ZnS material shows great application prospects in fields such as infrared windows, fairings, and lenses. In this study, a crack template method was developed to prepare gold meshes with random structures on ZnS optical window. The crack template and gold meshes structures were designed from a completely new perspective focusing on the period and line width ratio. Then, four different structural parameters of the gold mesh were fabricated using the crack template method, their ratios of the aperture to line width were 16.1, 17.4, 18.0, and 19.0. The templates’ morphology and structural traits were examined via optical and laser confocal microscopy. The sample with a ratio of aperture to line width of 16.0 had the best connectivity and the highest coverage, at 15.33%, while the sample with a ratio of aperture to line width of 19.0 had the lowest coverage, at 11.64%. Gold meshes were deposited using these templates, where an increase in the aperture-to-line width ratio resulted in average transmittances of 57.1% and 63.2% over the 2–10 μm range. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency surpassed 22.5 dB within the 1–18 GHz range, while the 1#-mesh, with an aperture-to-line width ratio of 16.0, achieved 33.2 dB at 1 GHz. This research endeavor contributes significantly to advancing the understanding of the ZnS glass’ optoelectric performance and enhances their potential for practical applications.
Activation of Polypropylene (PP) Fiber Surface with 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and Vinyl Acetate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Cementitious Systems
Authors: Kaya Yahya , Balcı Petek , Özen Süleyman , Mardani Ali , Kara Ali
Published: February 2025

Recently, the potential of recycled materials to improve the performance of concrete and other building materials has become an important research topic. It is known that various methods are applied to improve the tensile strength and energy absorption capacity of cementitious systems. One of the most common of these methods is the addition of fibers to the mixture. In this study, the effects of surface-modified polypropylene (PP) fibers obtained from recycled masks on the mechanical properties of mortar mixtures were investigated. In order to improve the matrix–fiber interface performance, 6 mm and 12 mm long recycled PP fibers were chemically coated within the scope of surface modification using 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazole and Vinyl Acetate. With this modification made on the surface of PP fibers, we aimed to increase the surface roughness of the fibers and improve their adhesion to the matrix. Thus, we aimed to increase the mechanical properties of mortar mixtures as a result of the fibers performing more effectively in the concrete matrix. FTIR AND SEM-EDS analyses confirmed the success of the modification and the applicability of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazole and Vinyl Acetate to the fiber surface and showed that the fibers were successfully modified. It is seen that the fibers modified with Vinyl Acetate exhibit superior performance in terms of both the workability and strength performance of cementitious systems compared to the fibers modified with 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazole. This study provides a significant contribution to sustainable construction materials by revealing the potential of using recycled materials in cementitious systems.
Ritz Solution of Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Porous Elliptic Shells and Panels Under Various Arbitrary Boundary Types
Authors: Gong Qingtao , Liu Tao , Teng Yao , Ma Binjie , Li Xin
Published: February 2025

This paper seeks to establish a generalized numerical model to examine the free vibration behavior of functionally graded porous (FGP) elliptical shells and panels with various boundary types. The model is built on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to express structural displacements. A segmentation technique is used to maintain continuity between shell elements, and virtual spring boundary techniques are employed to simulate arbitrary boundaries. Variable-coefficient Jacobi polynomials are introduced as admissible functions for displacement. Finally, the Ritz variational method, combined with the least-squares weighted residual method (LSWRM), is used for constructing the energy functional and solving the energy equations. Validation of the numerical model against finite element and literature results confirms its reliability and convergence properties. This study also explores the effects of geometric parameters and boundary conditions on FG elliptical shells and panels, providing a theoretical basis for future research.