bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrocolloids in Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Onwubu Stanley , Stellamaris Okonkwo Chibuzor
Published: September 2021

Hydrocolloids are complex polysaccharides that disperse or dissolve in aqueous solution to give thickened or vicious effects. Also hydrocolloids possess high molecular weight. Owing to these characteristics, hydrocolloids have been widely used in various applications. In dentistry, for example, most intricate and precise procedures are made of hydrocolloids and are found in its simplest material to the most complex material such as impression making, fillings, separating media, electro-polishing etc. The two common hydrocolloids widely used in dentistry are reversible (agar) and irreversible (alginate) materials. Hence, this chapter bring to the forefront their preparations, uses and storage for optimal results and application.
Removal of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Liquid Surfactant Membrane Technique
Authors: M. Salman Huda , Abed Mohammed Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Liquid Surfactant Membrane (LSM) as an alternative extraction technique shows many advantages without altering the chemistry of the oil process in terms of efficiency, cost effectiveness and fast demulsification post extraction. Copper (Cu) extraction from aqueous solution using Liquid Membrane (LM) technology is more efficient than the sludge-forming precipitation process and has to be disposed of in landfills. In this chapter, a liquid surfactant membrane (LSM) was developed that uses kerosene oil as LSM ‘s key diluent to extract copper ions as a carrier from the aqueous waste solution through di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). This technique has several benefits, including extracting one-stage extracts. The LSM process was used to transport Cu (II) ions from the feed phase to the stripping phase, which was prepared, using H2SO4. For LSM process, various parameters have been studied such as carrier concentration, treat ratio (TR), agitating speed and initial feed concentration. After finding the optimum parameters, it was possible to extract Cu up to 95% from the aqueous feed phase in a single stage extraction.
Continuous One Step Linear Multi-Step Hybrid Block Method for the Solution of First Order Linear and Nonlinear Initial Value Problem of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Nathaniel Kamoh , Geoffrey Kumleng , Joshua Sunday
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a collocation approach for solving initial value problem of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the first order is presented. This approach consists of reducing the problem to a set of linear multi-step algebraic equations by approximating the ODE with a shifted Legendre polynomial basis function to determine the unknown constants. The proposed method is simple and efficient; it approximates the solutions very closely to the closed form solutions. Some problems were considered using Maple Software to illustrate the simplicity, efficiency and accuracy of the method. The results obtained revealed that the hybrid method can be suitable candidate for all forms of first order initial value problems of ordinary differential equations.
Advances in Derivative Voltammetry - A Search for Diagnostic Criteria of Several Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Kim Myung-Hoon
Published: September 2021

New methods for analysis of current-potential curves in terms of their derivatives are presented for studying various types of electrode processes – such as simple electron transfer reactions (reversible, quasi-reversible, and irreversible electron transfer) as well as chemically coupled electron transfer reactions along with a diagnostic scheme for differentiating these various types of electrochemical reaction mechanisms. Expressions for first- and higher order derivatives are derived from theoretical analytical solutions for currents for the different types of electrode mechanisms. The derivative curves are analyzed in terms of various parameters which characterize peak shape or peak symmetry with an emphasis on the second derivatives with well-defined anodic and cathodic peaks. Second derivatives can yield, in a simpler manner, the symmetry ratios; i.e., a ratio of anodic to cathodic peak-currents (ipa/ipc), and a ratio of anodic to cathodic peak-widths (Wpa/wpc) and a ratio of anodic to cathodic peak potential differences (ΔEpa/ΔEpc) or a peak separation (Epa-Epc) are evaluated, and these ratio can be related to kinetic parameters associated with a particular types of electrode mechanisms. Peaks are found to be symmetrical for a simple reversible electron transfer process (Er). However, peaks become asymmetrical when the electron transfer become slower (namely, irreversible, Eirr) or e− transfer reaction is coupled with homogeneous chemical reactions such as a prior reaction (CEr) or a follower-up reaction (ECr). From measured values of such symmetry ratios above, one can gain insight to the nature of the electrochemical systems enabling us to determine various kinetic parameters associated with a system. A diagnostic criteria for assigning an electrode mechanism is devised based on the values of asymmetry parameters measured, which are unity for a simple reversible electron transfer process.
Clinical Scholars: Making Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Learning an Integral Part of Leadership Development
Authors: Brandert Kathleen , Corbie-Smith Giselle , Berthiaume Rachel , Green Melissa , S.P. Fernandez Claudia
Published: September 2021

The plethora of persistent and pervasive health inequities in the United States is a Wicked Problem which threatens the health and wellbeing of all people. To dismantle them is no easy task, and requires a health care workforce practiced in leadership skill sets embracing a deep focus on areas of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI). This chapter describes how the core competencies and curriculum of the Clinical Scholars Program have been designed to offer this set of skills. To start, the program’s foundational set of 25 competencies cover four domains (Personal, Interpersonal, Organizational, and Community & Systems) and include both more traditional leadership competencies as well as contemporary competencies focused on equity, diversity, and inclusion. The curriculum takes the set of 25 leadership and EDI competencies and breaks them down into learning sessions where participants listen, practice, and apply the ideas, behaviors, and mindsets. The leadership core and the EDI core of the curriculum exist both in tandem and in unison to provide the full Clinical Scholars experience. At times, sessions focus on one core or the other, and at times, both leadership and EDI are present in the learning of a session. Example learning sessions for each core and the weaving of the cores together are provided. Four challenges to creating an equity-centered leadership program are identified: 1. The personalized nature of the journey of self-development; 2. Shifting Mindsets and Skill Sets; 3. Piloting an evidence-based curriculum on EDI; and 4. Maintaining engagement with participants over time and across distance. A set of top recommendations for weaving EDI and Leadership learning are also offered. The chapter details the importance of meaningfully focusing on EDI when tackling modern, wicked problems.
Addressing the Under-Representation of African American Public Health Researchers: The Flint Youth Public Health Academy
Authors: Key Kent
Published: September 2021

In order to meet the health needs of a culturally diverse population, the United States public health workforce must become ethnically diversified to provide culturally competent care. The underrepresentation of minority, specifically African American public health professionals may be a contributing factor to the high rates of preventable health disparities in the African American community. Studies have shown that racial/ethnic communities bear the highest disparities across multiple health outcomes. African Americans, when compared with European Americans, suffer the greatest rates of health disparities, thus providing the justification to increase minority public health professionals. In addition, studies suggest that minorities are more likely to seek medical and health services from individuals of the same ethnicity. This will assist in decreasing language and comprehension barriers and increase the cultural competence of the health providers who serve populations from their ethnic/cultural origin. This chapter will highlight a 2014 study designed to explore and identify motivators for African Americans to choose public health as a career. African American public health professionals and graduate students were engaged to discuss their career and educational trajectories and motivators for career choice. Using qualitative research methods, this study was guided by the following research question: what are the motivating factors to engage African Americans into careers in public health? The study was approved by the Walden University Institutional Review Board and was conducted in 2014. The results of this study have served as the blueprint for the creation of the Flint Public Health Youth Academy (FPHYA). Coincidently the 2014 study was wrapping up at the genesis of the Flint Water Crisis (FWC). The FWC impacted residents of all ages in Flint. Specifically, the youth of Flint were exposed to lead (a neuro-toxin) and other contaminants through the water system which impacted them physically and cognitively. National media outlets disseminated headlines across the world that Flint youth would have behavioral (aggression) issues and struggle academically as a result of their exposure to lead. The FPHYA was designed to provide positive messages to and about Flint youth. It is an introduction to careers in public health, medicine, and research for Flint Youth. It creates a space for Flint youth to work through their lived experience of the FWC while learning the important role public health and research plays in recovering from an environmental public health crisis. More importantly, it is a pathway to public health careers providing didactic sessions, local mentors and internships.
Phenolic Compounds in the Built Environment
Authors: H. Fini Elham , Ayat Shakiba , Pahlavan Farideh
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines source and application of phenolic compounds in the built environment as well as their environmental fate and treatment methods. We further describe the role of phenolic compounds in delaying aging and degradation of outdoor construction elements when exposed to intense solar radiation. In this chapter both plant-based and synthetic sources of phenolic compounds and their fate in the environment were examined. In addition, merits of select sources of phenolic compounds to resist ultraviolet radiation in composites as well as delaying degradation were studied. This chapter further provides insights pertaining to the underlying molecular interactions which afford phenol’s role as an anti-aging additive for outdoor construction elements. This in turn provides a solution to promote bio-economy and enhance sustainability in the built environment.
Wave-Forced Dynamics at Microtidal River Mouths
Authors: Brocchini Maurizio , Postacchini Matteo , Melito Lorenzo , Perugini Eleonora , J. Manning Andrew , P. Smith Joseph , Calantoni Joseph
Published: September 2021

Microtidal river mouths are dynamic environments that evolve as a consequence of many forcing actions. Under the hydrodynamic viewpoint, river currents, sea waves and tides strongly interact, and their interplay determines specific sediment transport and morphological patterns. Beyond literature evidence, information comes from field observations made at the Misa River study site, a microtidal river along the Adriatic Sea (Italy), object of a long-going monitoring. The river runs for 48 km in a watershed of 383 km2, providing a discharge of about 400 m3/s for return periods of 100 years. The overall hydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphological evolution at the estuary are analyzed with particular attention to specific issues like: the generation of vortical flows at the river mouth, the influence of various wave modes (infragravity to tidal) propagating upriver, the role of sediment flocculation, the generation and evolution of bed features (river-mouth bars and longitudinal nearshore bars). Numerical simulations are also used to clarify specific mechanisms of interest.
Mass Deliberative Democracy and Criminal Justice Reform
Authors: Mayer Seth ,   The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World
Published: September 2021

The American criminal justice system falls far short of democratic ideals. In response, democratic communitarian localism proposes a more decentralized system with a greater emphasis on local control. This approach aims to deconcentrate power and remove bureaucracy, arguing local control would reflect informal cultural life better than our current system. This view fails to adequately address localized domination, however, including in the background culture of society. As a result, it underplays the need for transformative, democratizing change. Rejecting communitarian localism, I defend a mass deliberative democratic approach to criminal justice reform that relies on institutions outside localities to democratize local institutions and background cultural patterns. Nonetheless, local institutions must be empowered to exert democratic control, as well as to influence institutions outside the locality. This process of democratic co-development offers greater hope for political equality, non-domination, and inclusive democratic deliberation about criminal law than democratic communitarian localism.
E. Levinas
Authors: Beckert Cristina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Dans cet étude bibliographique sur Levinas c'est notre intention de distinguer deux problèmes nucléaires qui ont guidés les interprétations de la philosophie levinasienne jusqu'à nos jours: le primat de l'éthique en face des présuppositions théoriques de la phénoménologie et la question du langage comme créateur de sens au-delà de l'être. Finalement nous présentons l'évolution des études sur Levinas au Portugal, de 1980 ju squ'à 1992.
Prolegómenos a uma Ontologia da Acção
Authors: Barata-Moura José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Dans cet essai — «Prolégomènes à une ontologie de l'action» — on part de l'inventaire des différents horizonts de thématisation du problème de l'action depuis la pensée des Grecs jusqu'aux philosophies contemporaines de l'action et de la praxis, ayant pour but, dans un second moment, de tracer les possibles voies pour la constitution d'u ne ontologie de l'action comme actionalité inscrite au coeur même de l'être, en tant qu'expression, médiation et transformation des figures où se déploie son historicité.
A Cidade dos Homens
Authors: Trindade Santos José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

All the time political equality has been feeding on unequality. With the whole world changing into a blossoming democracy we seem to be running out of "unequals” to carry our blessed dream on. We better act before the golden carriage turns into a pumpkin. And why not pay some attention to Greek democracy? How it was born, how it worked, how long it lasted and why it died, leaving us with a dream of ideal perfection. We might learn something useful for our own future. Though the million dollar question is not what are we going to do now that the dream is real, but rather why we seem to be unable to get it out of our minds.
Sobre o Papel do Juízo Reflexivo em Educação (o Conceito da Formação em Fichte)
Authors: Ferrer Diogo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

A transcendental comunicative structure of reason underlies J. G. Fichte's thought as exposed in his main works on history and law. On this basis, this paper tryes to show that rational intervention upon such human formation processes ("Bildung"), as learning, political action and history is only possible through bringing it's subjects to a dialogue reciprocity. Theory of "Bildung" consists, according to Fichte, not on prescriptions to action, but on a description of conditions to a comunicative integration.
Putting Theory into Practice at BridgeBio
Authors: Levine Daniel S.
Published: September 2021

Many drug companies spring from scientific discoveries made in a laboratory. BridgeBio Pharma, though, owes its genesis to the musings of a financial theorist.
DIFUSÃO DO PRONTUÁRIO ELETRÔNICO DO CIDADÃO EM EQUIPES DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Avila Grazielly Soares , Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra , Almeida Natalia Gherardi , Gontijo Tarcisio Laerte , Barbosa Suellen de Souza , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a difusão do prontuário eletrônico do cidadão em equipes de saúde da família. Método: estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa fundamentado na teoria da difusão da inovação. A coleta de dados compreendeu entrevistas com 39 profissionais e observação direta em duas unidades básicas de saúde na região leste de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e sistematizados com o uso de um software. Resultados: a análise resultou em duas categorias - "a inovação prontuário eletrônico do cidadão e seus atributos" e "canais de comunicação, tempo e sistema social: influências na difusão do prontuário eletrônico do cidadão". Na primeira foram identificados os atributos da inovação, que são: vantagem relativa, compatibilidade, experimentação, observabilidade e complexidade. Na segunda categoria foram identificados como os canais de comunicação, o tempo e o sistema social têm influenciado a difusão do prontuário eletrônico do cidadão. Mediante esta análise, foi possível identificar situações que potencializam a adoção, como: a economia de recursos, integração das informações entre os profissionais, otimização do tempo, agilidade no acesso aos dados; e outras que potencializam a rejeição, como: desaparecimento de cadastros, risco à integridade das informações, falhas na rede de internet, baixa qualidade de equipamentos, treinamento insuficiente, entre outros. Considerações finais: a adoção do Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão se constitui em um grande desafio para os profissionais e para as esferas de gestão, pois os desafios perpassam por fases que vão desde a implantação de infraestrutura à capacitação do uso e ao posterior monitoramento.
Influence of Tubercle Modifications on the Performance of Marine Vertical Axis Propellers
Authors: Shouman Mohamed R. , Helal Mohamed M.
Published: September 2021

Even though past efforts in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have shown great progress in the implementation of tubercles into aero-foils and turbines blades, incorporating these tubercles into marine vertical axis propellers is still comparatively less well understood. In general, the performance of marine propellers is highly related to the pressure and velocity distributions over the propeller blades. Since the presence of tubercles’ serrations in the blade leading edge can vary these distributions over the blade, the performance of the propellers can be enhanced. In this article, tubercle modifications are investigated in marine vertical axis propellers through the use of CFD simulation. To achieve this purpose, a complete procedure of CFD simulation using ANSYS FLUENT 16 is proposed. Obtained CFD results are validated using direct comparison with the previous analytical studies. Obtained performance characteristics of the modified vertical axis propeller are assessed against the available characteristics of the baseline one. The CFD results are found in a good agreement with the analytical ones. Moreover, the results demonstrate the improvement of the obtained performance of the modified vertical axis propeller compared to the baseline one in terms of increased thrust coefficient and higher efficiency over the considered range of advance ratio.
Development of a Distortion Control ‘Toolbox’ to Mitigate Distortion in Surface Ships
Authors: Dydo James R. , Dlugokecki Victoria , Hepinstall Lisa , Fanguy Dennis
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the development of a distortion control ‘Toolbox’ that can be used to mitigate distortion in thin-structured ship design and fabrication. Highlights of the NSRP project entitled, “Distortion Control ‘Toolbox’ for Lightweight Ship Structures” are presented. The different points of view used to develop distortion reduction recipes include: historic evidence-based approaches obtained from an extensive literature survey, development of ideal states which quantify the best result that can be expected, identification of factors that affect distortion and the relative strength (contribution) of each effect on the final distorted shape, business case and costs for reducing distortion, and a shipyard perspective on what can be done to reduce distortion.
Free Vibration of Marine Rudder: Theoretical and Numerical Analysis with Experimental Verification
Authors: Kannamwar Ameya N. , Datta Nabanita
Published: September 2021

The free vibration of a rudder is studied here by theoretical, numerical, and experimental means. The rudder is modeled as a Kirchhoff’s plate, with chord-wise sections as symmetrical aerofoils of NACA0018 section. The free vibration is also studied numerically. The results have been compared with experimental studies. A model scale rudder has been constructed from a 3 mm thick metal sheet, with a length-scale ratio of 1:10. Impact hammer test has been down to excite all the natural frequencies, which have been picked up by two accelerometers into an FFT analyzer. Comparative studies have been done among the three methods.
The Global Shipbuilding Executive Summit Series: Partnering with the Navy and Coast Guard to Improve Naval Shipbuilding
Authors: Nichols Timothy , Ashe Glenn , Kruse Dennis
Published: September 2021

The shipbuilding industry is approaching a historic crossroads. The demand for new and more capable ships is surging while a wave of retirements and operational obsolescence will place enormous challenges on shipbuilders around the world. However, recent performance setbacks in the form of protracted delays in delivery of new ships that were over budget and not compliant with essential requirements clearly confirmed that the industry must do better. At the same time, increased fleet operations are placing significant pressure on fleet maintenance budgets to achieve expected fleet availability metrics within the bounds of available resources. The challenges that these conditions are placing on the shipbuilding industry prompted a group of industry and government leaders in the USA to have the first Global Shipbuilding Executive Summit in 2010 that was jointly sponsored by the American Society of Naval Engineers and Siemens PLM Software. Based on the view that Public Private Partnerships are best suited to deal with such broad systematic issues, a group of like-minded leaders came together to focus on solutions to the top shipbuilding industries challenges. The summit began with introductory comments by prominent shipbuilding leaders from both the USA and Europe. The European perspective was a very important and challenging viewpoint on how leading shipyards are addressing similar challenges and moreover competing in the export market for high performance vessels. Then close to 100 executives spent several hours developing a set of specific recommendations to improve industry performance and productivity.
Integrating CAD/CAM in a PDM/ERP Environment
Authors: Filius Paul , Kramer Henk
Published: September 2021

Many shipyards wish to have PDM software at the heart of their product management. However, implementing PDM system sat shipyards has proven to be a challenging task in many cases. One of the main advantages of using PDM software in shipbuilding is that the data of previously engineered vessels can be used easily for new vessels. A challenge that these global operating shipbuilders face is that each shipyard has its own requirements for production documentation. This paper will show the vision of Nupas-Cadmatic; using ready-made “building blocks” to create interfaces between dedicated PDM and CAD systems and the eShare module to visually show information stored in multiple systems. These solutions allow the shipbuilding industry to create processes suitable to their requirements.
Approach for Effective Design and Cost Estimation of New built / Conversion FPSO (2014)
Authors: Malla Upendra , Karri Krishna M.
Published: September 2021

Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) sizing and cost estimation has become a challenging task at the early stages of offshore field development. During the early stages of field development designer needs to size and estimate cost in order to decide feasibility of the project. This paper describes a step by step method used to size and estimate the cost of a new built (or) converted FPSO based on basic engineering, existing FPSO data and corresponding metocean criteria for a particular location. This step by step approach covers FPSO sizing, hull structural design, mooring sizing, topsides support design and steel renewal using offshore classification rules and regulations. FPSO cost is estimated based on the design particulars (i.e. hull weights, FPSO particulars, mooring sizes etc.) and current market unit rates. This approach is an effective means to size and estimate cost of an FPSO at early stages of field development which saves overall time and cost for a client.
Improvements and Guidance to the Weight Classification using Expanded Ship Work Breakdown Structure (ESWBS)
Authors: Garzke William , Cimino Dominick , Yoder Matthew D.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a guide to identify the proper classification of weight data for USN ships using the Navy’s current Expanded Ship Work Breakdown Structure (ESWBS) system. ESWBS is a functional classification system that is used for weight reporting purposes. It is used on all USN ships as well as many other shipbuilding programs as a method by which all weight estimates are functionally organized. Also, ESWBS is used as an aid to developing ship cost estimates. With the introduction of newer technologies, materials and constructions practices in ship designs, the proper weight accounting has become more difficult and somewhat subjective. Therefore, this paper provides guidance and clarification on the proper weight classification of elements in a weight estimate with a focus on the newer technologies and practices.
Reducing Detail Design and Construction Work Content by Cost-Effective Decisions in Early Stage Naval Ship Design
Authors: Keane Robert G. , Deschamps Laury , Maguire Steve
Published: September 2021

The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (AT&L) recently presented analyses of cost and schedule growth on Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs)over the last 20 years (2013, 2014). For naval ships, AT&L (2013) concluded that contract work content growth (not capability growth) dominates total cost growth statistically. In addition, costs-over-target are significant and reflect poor cost estimation or faulty framing assumptions. AT&L (2014) also concluded prices on fixed-price contracts are only “fixed” if the contractual work content remains fixed, but this is often not the case. The authors show that under-sizing the ship during concept design studies increases ship outfit density and adds complexities to the design. These early stage design decisions on sizing the ship are a major contributor to unnecessary work content growth later in Detail Design and Construction (DD&C) that cannot be eliminated no matter how productive the shipbuilder. However, new ship design methods are being developed and integrated with legacy physics-based design and analysis tools into a Rapid Ship Design Environment (RSDE)that will enable a more rational process for initially sizing ships. The authors also identify the need for early stage design measures of complexity and ship costing tools that are more sensitive to these measures, and proposed solutions that will aid decision-makers in reducing DD&C work content by making cost-effective design decisions in early stage naval ship design.
Structural Analysis of Various Stool Configurations on FPSO Topsides Modules
Authors: Zahray Amy Marie , Smith David Sandor
Published: September 2021

This thesis investigates some of the structural issues associated with the conversion of an oil tanker or a very large crude carrier (VLCC) into a floating production, storage, and offloading unit (FPSO). Specifically, a series of calculations were completed, including Finite Element Analysis (FEA), to evaluate the structural response of the stood interface of the topside module, resulting from its interaction with the FPSO’s hull girder in waves. The interfaces between topside modules and the hulls of converted tankers experience high fatigue loading. This loading, which is caused primarily by hull girder bending elongation in addition to inertia loading on the topside modules, creates a structural design challenge. A modern approach to solving a problem of such complexity requires the generation of a finite element (FE)model of the topside module, the stool interface, and the structure located immediately below the interface. The objective of this thesis was to determine a stool arrangement that performs the best in fatigue, while also meeting all class requirements for maximum allowable stress. The modeling and analysis of the so-called deck sub-model was carried out using the FEA program Sesam GeniE. GeniE is a program developed by Det Norske Veritas (DNV)Software that sees wide use in the industry for engineering and strength analysis of ships and offshore structures. The loading of the model represents the dynamic loads experienced by an actual FPSO concept or design. The FPSO concept was provided by an industry professional at Viking Systems, Lars Henriksen. A total of six different stool configurations were investigated in this thesis. Variables of consideration were: flexibility of connection points, sliding and welded connections, and number and placement of stools. In addition, the producibility challenges related to the stool design selection and integration, which is expected to impact the conversion cost.
Safety of FLNG Hull Structures in Collisions with Icebergs in an Arctic Environment
Authors: Park Dae Kyeom , Kim Bong Ju , Seo Jung Kwan , Ha Yeon Chul , Matsumoto Toshiyuki , Byeon Su Hwan , Paik Jeom Kee
Published: September 2021

In this study, the safety of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) hull structures in collisions with icebergs in an Arctic environment is examined through experimentation and LS-DYNA numerical computations in association with normal and accidental conditions in operation of LNG cargo containment system. The material properties of Polar-class high-tensile steel at the low temperatures associated with an Arctic environment and liquefied natural gas-induced cryogenic conditions are characterized by tensile coupon tests under quasi-static and dynamic conditions. The structural crashworthiness of plate panels subject to impact loads is studied through an experiment and numerical computations at low temperatures. The technologies and insights provided by this study at the material and structural member levels are then applied to FLNG hull structure collisions with icebergs in an Arctic environment.
The effect of installing bilge keels on a classic recreational craft
Authors: Dabove Guido Silvestre , Pirozzi Chiusa Fabian L. A.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of installing bilge keels on a classic recreational craft. This paper included five stages: the first stage of all, the measurement of the hull resistance without installing the bilge keels for the service speed. Secondly, the determination of the roll period and the damping coefficient in order to demonstrate the effect of damping on the roll amplitude. In the third place, same as before however fitting the bilge keels to the curvature of the hull. In fourth place, the determination of the hull resistance using the bilge keels. Finally the results will be discussed.
Reconstruction of the Historic Battleship TEXAS
Authors: Hayden William M. , Pac Allen , Taylor Julius M.
Published: September 2021

Commissioned in 1914 as the most powerful weapon in the world, the Battleship TEXAS (BB-35) is the last surviving Dreadnought and the only battleship left in existence today, which fought in both World War I and World War II. Time and nature have taken a major structural toll on the ship; she is in immediate need of critical repairs, as well as a long-term solution for her continued preservation. Although a major shell restoration project was completed in 1990, the internal structure of the inner bottom has continued to deteriorate. In 2012, Texas Parks and Wildlife issued a Request for Proposals to solicit bids to perform an in-situ repair of the deteriorated frames, longitudinals, and inner-bottom plating. This phase of structural repairs is largely complete and has employed some novel techniques to restore the strength of the structural members while retaining as much of the historic fabric as possible. Additionally, the restoration presented an unusual scenario of needing to support the original triple expansion steam engines from overhead deck structure while renewing the foundation supports. This paper will describe the engine support system and the structural analysis used to design the system as well as details of the repair procedures to replacing or doubling the existing keel, longitudinals, and framing throughout the aft end of the ship
Emission and Fuel Reductions for Offshore Support Vessels through Hybrid Technologies
Authors: Lindstad Haakon , Sandaas Inge
Published: September 2021

Traditionally offshore support vessels have been designed to ensure that they can perform their duties at nearly any sea state. This has been achieved through multiple engines and advanced dynamic positioning systems. This in combination with high safety standards set by the oil companies has resulted in a general operational pattern with vessels running multiple engines at low to medium loads to be prepared for unexpected incidents to happen at any time. At medium to high power the combustion engine produces each kWh with the lowest fuel consumption and the lowest emissions. When engines operate at low power, fuel consumption per kWh produced increases. For the cost of the operation, this increase in specific fuel consumption at lower loads makes a small impact compared to the total cost of the operation, while for emissions low loads implies that emissions of exhaust gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) increases rapidly due to less favorable combustion conditions. This study investigates potential emission and fuel consumption reductions which can be achieved by introduction of hybrid technologies including their climate mitigation potential. In this context hybrid means engines of different sizes, battery storage of energy to take peak power requirements, and power management systems with a more balanced focus on reducing emissions and energy consumption while maintaining a high safety standard. Our results indicate that hybrid technologies reduce both emissions and fuel consumption and that the climate impact of the emission reduction is much larger than the impact due to the reduction in fuel consumption alone.
Numerical analysis of the impact of ship airwake on the effectiveness of an air sampling mast
Authors: Paul S.
Published: September 2021

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze the flow around a modern research ship to ensure that exhaust gases would not adversely impact the air sampling mast. The air sampling mast measures and records the air to understand the environment that the vessel is operating in. There are operational situations where the wind speed and direction are such that the engine exhaust gases can be near the air sampling mast. The results showed that for most of conditions examined the exhaust gases would not reach the air sampling mast. The stern to bow wind was the only direction that had an interaction between the air sampling mast and exhaust gases. The lower the relative wind speed the more likely that interaction. The wind speeds and directions that do have an interaction with the air sampling mast can be used to help the operator set guidelines on when to use the air sampling mast.
Understanding and Optimizing Vessel Propulsive Power and Fuel Use: Using Duty Cycle Analysis Computations
Authors: MacPherson Donald , Boyd Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

The maritime industry is in a mindset to save fuel and reduce emissions. How one achieves this end, however, can be a matter of some debate. While substantial industry effort is being placed on things that can be optimized, to achieve real benefit and financial return one must first understand the details about how the vessel consumes propulsive energy during its mission. This paper discusses a rational, simple, and effective systems engineering approach to identify power and fuel demands via computational propulsion analysis of the individual operating modes of a vessel’s duty cycle. It explains sensible consumption metrics that can be used to evaluate and compare different physical systems, strategic plans, or helm decisions. A duty cycle operating mode analysis calculation for a tugboat in multi-role service (as a harbor tug and in long haul ocean barge towing) is demonstrated using COTS software, including examples of design-side and shipboard decision options and consequences.
A Small Vessel Guide to Compliance with Ballast Water Management
Authors: Riggio Mark , Todd Chris
Published: September 2021

Two regulations have been promulgated to prevent the transfer of non-indigenous species between marine habitats of the world: the 2004 IMO Ballast Water Management Convention, and the 2012 US Coast Guard Standards for Living Organisms in Ships’ Ballast Water Discharged in US Waters. These regulations will apply to more than 60,000 vessels that carry ballast water between various worldwide ports, including smaller vessels that operate in a variety of applications such as towing and offshore support. This paper will define the regulations and review their applicability to smaller vessels, examine the merits and risks of each ballast water treatment technology, provide information on the relative impact of treatment systems to small vessel operations, and identify potential alternatives to onboard treatment.
Pengaruh pengelolaan agroekosistem terhadap kelimpahan kutu loncat jeruk Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Authors: Zuhran M. , Mudjiono Gatot , Puspitarini Retno Dyah
Published: September 2021

Kutu loncat jeruk (KLJ) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama merupakan masalah serius pada tanaman jeruk karena menularkan penyakit huanglongbing (HLB). Praktik budi daya tanpa memperhatikan kompleksitas agroekosistem sering menyebabkan agroekosistem lebih sesuai untuk proliferasi serangga hama dan kurang ramah bagi musuh alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efektivitas pengelolaan agroekosistem dibandingkan dengan pertanian konvensional dalam mengendalikan KLJ. Selain itu, pengaruh kedua perlakuan terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan musuh alami KLJ serta kejadian dan intensitas HLB juga dipelajari. Pengelolaan agroekosistem terdiri atas tindakan preventif dan responsif. Tindakan preventif dilakukan melalui sistem tanam polikultur, penanaman refugia dan legum penutup tanah, penyediaan jalur rumput, pemberian kapur pertanian, pupuk organik dan anorganik, pemangkasan jeruk secara intensif, pemeliharaan parit drainase, serta pengendalian gulma secara mekanis. Tindakan responsif merupakan pengendalian jangka pendek yang dilakukan ketika kelimpahan KLJ mencapai ambang tindakan. Tindakan responsif dilakukan melalui pengendalian hayati ataupun kimiawi. Sementara itu, pertanian konvensional merupakan serangkaian teknik budi daya dan pengendalian hama yang biasa diterapkan petani. Setiap perlakuan masing-masing diterapkan di tiga kebun Jeruk Siam Pontianak Citrus nobilis Lour. var. microcarpa Hassk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan agroekosistem lebih efektif mengendalikan populasi KLJ hingga kelimpahannya lebih rendah dan kurang berfluktuasi dibandingkan dengan pertanian konvensional. Selain itu, musuh alami KLJ pada pengelolaan agroekosistem lebih beragam dibandingkan dengan pertanian konvensional. Kelimpahan musuh alami KLJ serta kejadian dan intensitas HLB pada kedua perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata.
Exactly Why Are Slurs Wrong?
Authors: Metz Thaddeus
Published: September 2021

Este artículo busca proporcionar una descripción completa y fundamental de por qué los epítetos raciales y slurs similares son inmora-les, allá donde lo sean. Considera tres teorías prin-cipales, según las cuales, a grandes rasgos, son inmorales porque son dañinos (bienestarismo), porque socavan la autonomía (kantianismo) o porque son hostiles (un enfoque relacional poco discutido informado por ideas del Sur Glo-bal). Este artículo presenta nuevas objeciones a las dos primeras teorías y concluye a favor de la última justificación. Se muestra que considerar que los slurs son inmorales en la medida en que son hostiles captura las ventajas de las otras teo-rías evitando sus desventajas.

This article seeks to provide a comprehensive and fundamental account of why racial epithets and similar slurs are immoral, whenever they are. It considers three major theories, roughly according to which they are immoral because they are harmful (welfarism), because they undermine autonomy (Kantianism), or because they are unfriendly (an under-considered, relational approach informed by ideas from the Global South). This article presents new objections to the former two theories, and concludes in favour of the latter rationale. Deeming slurs to be wrong insofar as they are unfriendly is shown to capture the advantages of the other theories, while avoiding their disadvantages.
MODELLING OF LOSSLESS AND CONTACTLESS POWER TRANSFORMER USING IMPROVED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Authors: JAYANTHI NATHAN , BALASUBRAMANIAN KARTHIK
Published: September 2021

The contactless power transmission is applicable recently for various real time applications like electric vehicle charging, in space travelling, and other distribution systems. The transformer winding has magnetic coupling with each phases; it analyze the primary and secondary winding for core structure of transformer. The conventional Loosely coupled transformer with mixed winding and electromagnetic shielding for contactless power transmission method used various traditional Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms for power loss reduction. This increases the transmission time and it reduces the efficiency. In proposed methodology, the optimal model of contactless power transformer approach uses improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for reducing the power loss in grid connected PV module. The maximum power of solar panel is tracked by using MPPT algorithm and it is fed with the switching controller for reducing the overlap. Here in the IPSO, the frequency dependent scale selection algorithm selects the fitness frequency for optimizing the swarm particle positions to reduce the losses. From this, the impedance matching approach is used for eliminating the frequency scale splitting because it may cause over-coupled signal and the fixed mutual inductance also helps to transfer maximum power. This proposed approach improves the result of power transfer efficiency. Various analytical calculations, numerical simulations and experimental results are taken to address the loss diminution in contactless power transfer approach with better efficiency of power transmission than other existing approaches. Overall the proposed design model is done by MATLAB 2018a/Simulink.

Keywords: Contactless power transfer: Frequency dependent; improved particle swarm optimization; optimal frequency scale selection; swarm position updates; PV module; MPPT; Charging station
L’entreprise à mission : solution ou miroir aux alouettes pour la responsabilité sociale ? Une comparaison critique franco-canadienne
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan
Published: September 2021

L’entreprise à mission est apparue récemment au Canada (en réalité dans les seules provinces de la Colombie-Britannique et de la Nouvelle-Écosse) et en France. Pas moins de quatre types d’entreprises ont ainsi été mises en place depuis 2013 : société à contribution communautaire (community contribution company), société d’intérêt communautaire (community interest company), société d’intérêt social (benefit company) et société à mission. Il est intéressant d’observer que les deux pays ont fait des choix distincts (certification versus structure spécifique) et que les règles régissant ces structures se révèlent différentes sur plusieurs aspects. L’auteur analyse l’intervention des législateurs de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique pour en livrer une vision critique relativement à leur apport sur la responsabilité sociale des entreprises et l’incitation à des comportements vertueux. Si le fait que le droit intervient est à saluer en raison du signal ainsi envoyé, l’état des lieux dressé par l’auteur montre que l’encadrement demeure perfectible, et pourrait constituer un frein au développement de l’entreprise à mission, mais aussi à une responsabilisation des entreprises et de la finance.
L’oralité devant le nouveau Tribunal judiciaire : une autonomie de la volonté renforcée pour un « procès à la carte »
Authors: Courtois Julie
Published: September 2021

La dernière réforme de l’organisation judiciaire et juridictionnelle française renouvelle la question de l’oralité du procès civil. Par l’étude de la procédure orale applicable devant les juridictions de première instance françaises, l’oralité est questionnée au travers de sa fonction primaire qui est de permettre l’accès au juge ainsi que dans ses modalités d’organisation initialement centrées sur la présence des plaideurs. Le présent article analyse ainsi, dans un premier temps, le régime de la procédure orale dont les possibilités de recours à l’écrit et la prise en compte, accrue, de la volonté des justiciables en font une procédure de plus en plus aménageable à l’initiative du juge ou de ces derniers. Dans un second temps est questionné l’impact de l’extension de la représentation obligatoire et de la diversification des modes de résolution des conflits dans l’accès à la justice.
PRILOG POZNAVANJU MIKOBIOTE JUGOISTOČNE HERCEGOVINE - DIVERZITET GLJIVA ODJELJKA ASCOMYCOTA NA TERITORIJI PARKA PRIRODE „ORJEN”
Authors: Jukić Nedim , Tomić Smiljan , Gašić Rade
Published: September 2021

Tokom 2019. godine u granicama obuhvata Parka prirode “Orjen” realizovana su višestruka mikološka istraživanja s ciljem inventarizacije gljiva na ovom području. Među rezultatima istraživanja registrovan je i značajan broj pripadnika odjeljka Ascomycota od kojih su neke vrste po prvi put zabilježene na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine. U radu je prezentovan preliminarni spisak zabilježenih vrsta odjeljka Ascomycota dok su neke od vrsta (Desmazierella acicola, Bryoscyphus rhytidiadelphi, Pseudombrophila ripensis i Thecotheus keithii) detaljnije obrađene, uključujući njihovu ekologiju, fenologiju, morfološke karakteristike, poznate obrasce distribucije te eventualne egzistirajuće i potencijalne prijetnje na ovom području.