bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing key health factors influencing life expectancy using machine learning
Authors: Sun Jiahua
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of global medical technology and the steady improvement of social living standards, life expectancy per capita has become one of the most important indicators of a country or region's level of development. It not only reflects the quality of life and health of the local people, but also profoundly affects the economic growth and social stability of the country. In underdeveloped countries, life expectancy at birth is generally lower than in more developed countries due to resource constraints and poor medical facilities. This phenomenon has triggered extensive research interest in whether there is some correlation between life expectancy per capita and economic growth, and how improving life expectancy can contribute to a country's economic transformation and development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of life expectancy per capita on economic growth and how to promote the economic transformation and development of countries by increasing life expectancy. Through a comparative study of Asian countries such as China, Singapore and Japan, this paper analyzes the impact of different factors on life expectancy through technical methods such as visual analysis, hypothesis testing, regression modeling, and decision tree modeling, and explores how these factors play a role in economic growth. The results of this study may have some guiding significance for improving life expectancy.
Application of deep learning-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in network anomaly traffic detection
Authors: Zhao Fanyi , Li Hanzhe , Niu Kaiyi , Shi Jiatu , Song Runze
Published: August 2024

This study discusses the application of deep learning technology in network intrusion detection systems (IDS) and focuses on a new model named CNN-Focal. First, reviewing traditional IDS technology, it analyzes its limitations in dealing with complex network traffic. Then, the design principle of the CNN-Focal model is described in detail, which uses threshold convolution and SoftMax multi-class classification technology to improve abnormal traffic detections accuracy and efficiency effectively. The experimental results show that CNN-Focal performs well on the open data set, demonstrating the potential and advantages of its application in the natural network environment and providing a new perspective and method for further research of deep learning in the field of network security in the future.
Evaluation of Sleep Behaviors in Male Football Players Participating in Youth Football Leagues
Authors: Şahin Ömer İlker , Açak Mahmut , Buyukcelebi Hakan
Published: August 2024

This article addresses a research study aimed at evaluating the sleep behaviors of young football players in Turkey. The research was conducted using a correlational survey design. The population consisted of male football players participating in the Turkey Football U 19 Elite A, U 17 Elite A, U 17 Elite B, U 19 Regional Development, U 17 Regional Development, and U 16 Development leagues, with a sample size of 203 players. Statistical methods such as normality analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for analysis. The study found no statistically significant differences in the variables of football year, position status, training day, regular medication use status, education level, and sleep duration among young football players. The data revealed that young players who stayed with friends at home or alone had higher sleep quality compared to those staying with their families at home. When analyzed according to the computer and phone usage variable, except for the sleep disorder factor, all sub-dimensions favored those using computers and phones. Regarding the playing status in development leagues, significant results were found in the sports factor sub-dimension for U 19 Elite A and U 19 Regional Development league players in relation to sleep quality factors. According to ASBQ Total Score averages, the values of U 19 Elite A league players were more significant compared to U 17 Elite A league players and U 16 Development league players. Regarding the sleep problem status variable, players indicating sleep problems had statistically higher values in sleep quality factors, Habitual sleep efficiency factors, and ASBQ Total Scores. In conclusion, it can be stated that there is a direct relationship between sleep and performance among U 19 Elite A young football players, and they act with this awareness.
Comparison of Transvaginal Ultrasound Cervical Length with Bishop Score in Predicting Cesarean Section after Labor Induction
Authors: Pirzada Hina , Shabbier Nosheena , Ara Iffat , Hussain Samar , Akram Rabia , Khokhar Shabana
Published: August 2024

A critical aspect of obstetric care aimed at initiating or augmenting childbirth when natural processes are deemed insufficient or unsafe, employing various methods to ensure maternal and fetal well-being Objective: To compare the transvaginal ultrasound cervical length with bishop score in predicting cesarean section after labor induction. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College (AJKMC), Muzaffarabad from January 2023 to June 2023. A total of 110 pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years having gestational age ≤ 40 weeks were included who underwent transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) for measuring cervical length (CL) measurement and Bishop Score assessment before labor induction. Primary outcomes included cesarean section rates post-induction, with secondary outcomes covering maternal and neonatal variables. Results: The study involved 110 participants, with a mean age of 25.9 ± 4.00 years. Mean Bishop Score was 4.53 ± 2.06, and the mean cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound was 26.6 ± 7.37 mm. Misoprostol was the primary induction method (65.5%), with an overall Cesarean Section rate of 35.5%. Comparing CS and VD groups, BS was lower in CS (3.74 ± 2.20 vs. 4.96 ± 1.86, p = 0.005), while CL was higher (31.1 ± 6.70 mm vs. 24.1 ± 6.53 mm, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study found that transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) measurement of cervical length (CL) >27 mm demonstrated superior predictive ability for cesarean section (CS) following labor induction compared to the Bishop Score (BS) ≤5.
Perceived Stress and Its Physical Presentation During Exam: A Study of Central Park Medical College
Authors: Kashaf . , Malik Mahwish , Ali Furqan , Gohar Lamees
Published: August 2024

Stress during examination is a global issue. Researches show that the physical impact of stress includes various clinical symptoms and diseases. This study was designed to analyze the clinical presentation of stress in medical students during professional examination and the coping strategies practiced by them. Objective: To evaluate the causes of stress during exams and its physical presentation in medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Central Park Medical College, from November 2022 to February 2023. A validated questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Medical students from 1st year to the 4th year of the age group 18 to 25 years were selected using the convenient sampling method. The data were transcribed into SPSS version 26.0. The significance of the results was decided at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results: The most frequent clinical symptom during stress was fatigue, followed by headache. These symptoms varied significantly among male and female students (p ≤ 0.05) for headache, tense muscles, depression, and decreased blood pressure. The portion regarding coping mechanisms exercised by students during stress, revealed religious activities (35%) followed by music (22%) and sleep (18%) respectively. The study also revealed that the biggest support medical graduates get during stress is from their friends (45%). Conclusions: This study concluded that the main cause of stress during professional exams is fear of disappointing parents. This stress presents in the form of physical symptoms like excessive fatigue, headache, and anxiety. Where the support system during this time is friends for most respondents, the most commonly exercised coping mechanism is performing religious activities.
Comparison of Therapeutic Outcomes: Two Triple-Therapy Approaches for H. pylori Eradication in Gastric Ulcer Disease
Authors: Amil Javaria , Sajjad Saadia , Khan Rida Ajmal , Majeed Sadia , Ahmed Khalil , Masood Muhammad Adnan
Published: August 2024

Gastric ulcer is a prevalent digestive disease, primarily caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori infection poses a substantial challenge for medical practitioners due to increased antibiotic resistance. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of a 14-days clarithromycin-based triple therapy (TRT) with a moxifloxacin-based TRT for eradicating Helicobacter pylori in gastric ulcer disease. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted with 294 positive H. pylori patients divided into two groups. Group A was given standard triple therapy while Group B received moxifloxacin-based triple therapy. Data collection commenced after obtaining IRB approval and informed consent from all participants. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency and percentages. Differences between the two groups were compared using the fisher exact analysis at a significance level, p-value < 0.05. Results: In the group with standard triple therapy (TRT), the eradication rates of H. pylori were reported as 67.3 % intention-to-treat (ITT) and 76.1% per-protocol (PP) analysis. In contrast, in the moxifloxacin-based triple therapy (MAO) group, the eradication rates were 86.3% ITT and 92.7% PP analysis. The eradication rates with moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy were statistically significant than standard TRT (p = 0.001). Furthermore, few side effects were evident in the moxifloxacin TRT group (p < 0.001) compared to the standard TRT group. Conclusions: In Pakistan, moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy may offer a notably superior treatment option for eradicating H. pylori infection compared to standard triple therapy.
Therapeutic Potential of Silodosin for Chronic Prostatitis: Efficacy and Safety Insights
Authors: Niazi Abdul Basit , Asif Muhammad , Ahmad Irfan , Abdullah Wajid , Ashraf Sana , Ghaffar Sadia
Published: August 2024

Chronic prostatitis is a common urological condition impacting men globally and poses a considerable clinical challenge due to its diverse symptoms and vague causes. The symptoms significantly affect patients' quality of life. Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of silodosin in men with chronic prostatitis who have not previously been treated with alpha-blockers for this condition. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 at Niazi Welfare Foundation Teaching Hospital, Sargodha. Eighty-two patients with chronic prostatitis were treated with 4 mg of silodosin once daily and monitored for 12 weeks. Data collection commenced following IRB approval (NM&DC-IRB-43) and informed consent from all participants. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Mean differences in NIH-CPSI score were computed through paired t-test at p-value < 0.05, using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Results show noticeable improvement in CP and NIH-CPSI scores following treatment. The change in symptoms of CP and NIH-CPSI score before and after silodosin indication were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, the treatment was well-tolerated, with minimum adverse events reported. Conclusions: Silodosin, a novel selective inhibitor of the α1A-adrenergic receptor, proved to be effective in treating chronic prostatitis without significant side effects.
Factors Associated with Employees’ Intention to Leave in ICT Sector in Iraq: A Factor Analysis
Authors: Mohammed Dheyaa Talib , Alsomaidaee Mustafa Mahmoud , Mahmood Ahmed A
Published: August 2024

The current paper aims to identify potential factors associated with employees’ intentions to leave information and communication technology companies in Iraq. There is evident variability in the literature regarding these factors; hence, a factor analysis approach was employed to identify these factors within the surveyed environment. Due to the difficulty in precisely delineating the size of the research population, a purposive sampling method was employed to reach an appropriate number of respondents within the aforementioned companies. A total of 288 employees responded to the survey conducted via Google Forms. The test results revealed the presence of five primary factors associated with employees’ intentions to leave, namely: employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, work-life balance, employee compensation and benefits, and finally, professional development opportunities. These administrative aspects can contribute significantly to reducing employee turnover rates Iraq’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector.
Teacher Burnout: The Lived Experiences of Teachers with Ancillary Tasks in a National High School in Leyte
Authors: Francisco Christian S , Tupaz Glenda B , Astilla Maria Theresa B
Published: August 2024

Teacher burnout is a pervasive issue that affects educational outcomes and teacher retention. This study investigates the complex challenges and coping mechanisms of secondary teachers in a national high school in Leyte who have ancillary task which gives them additional responsibilities beyond their primary teaching duties. Through descriptive phenomenology and thematic analysis, the research identifies critical perceptions such as overwhelming responsibility, and feeling of self-doubt. In spite of these factors, others somehow view this as chance for professional development and emphasize the pressing need for institutional support. The lived experiences of teachers further reveal challenges like personal financial investment, struggles in managing student engagement, time management strain, and administrative reporting pressures. To alleviate burnout, teachers recommend strategies including collaborative support, employing time optimization, proactive problem-solving, prioritizing well-being maintenance, maintaining a positive mindset, and delineating work-life balance. This study underscores the necessity for systemic changes to ensure adequate support and resources for teachers, thereby improving their well-being and professional efficacy.
Students’ Perception of the Interplay of Police Performance and Public Trust
Authors: Sumala Janodin A , Polison Jan Vincent L , Denzon Jhul Homer L , Gono Exequiel Jr
Published: August 2024

Effective policing relies on public trust and support. However, trust in law enforcement has declined in many communities—police performance factors like attentiveness, reliability, and responsiveness shape levels of public trust. The researchers surveyed 300 criminology students to analyze the relationship between police performance and public trust. Criminology students were chosen as the target group because they will soon be entering the field of law enforcement. Measures included police performance dimensions and indicators of public trust (procedural justice, effectiveness, values, integrity). Students rated police performance highly, especially responsiveness. Trust indicators were also high. Police attentiveness, reliability, and responsiveness correlate strongly with procedural justice, police effectiveness, values, and integrity. Further, Multiple Regression Analysis revealed that police performance significantly predicts public trust. Based on these findings, the researchers recommend: 1) providing comprehensive training programs for police officers focusing on community policing, communication skills, de-escalation, and bias awareness; 2) establishing strict monitoring systems and adopting a zero-tolerance policy towards misconduct; 3) evaluating police performance regularly through assessments and metrics; and 4) engaging communities through partnerships, meetings, and community policing initiatives. These recommendations aim to strengthen trust-based policing and support achieving U.N. Sustainable Development Goal 16 of encouraging peaceful and inclusive communities, ensuring equal access to justice for everyone, and constructing efficient, responsible, and inclusive organizations at every level.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Obesity in Bangladeshi Newspapers
Authors: Karim SM Samuel Karim
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the obesity discourse in Bangladeshi newspapers. The paper uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine how the Bangladeshi media frames obesity and how this framing influences public perceptions of the issue. The analysis reveals that obesity is framed in a negative light, with a focus on individual responsibility and blame. The composition strengthens the idea that obesity is an individual problem. instead of a public health crisis. Content analysis was used to assess the types and frequency of obesity-related news items on causes, determinants, impacts, and solutions. The qualitative research design was used to explore the framing of obesity through discourse analysis. The study uncovered that obesity was underrepresented in both newspapers. Individual causes and solutions were the most prominent news items in both newspapers, whereas genetic and biological determinants were less likely to be presented. The data for this study came from two major Bangladeshi newspapers: The Daily Star and The Daily Observer. The adult population, around 18 and older, that is capable of taking responsibility, was the target audience. A total of 80 articles were gathered to collect data, 40 from each newspaper, from the years 2016 to 2024. This method was chosen because it allowed for a closer look at the underlying ideology and power structures that affect obesity discourse in Bangladeshi media. Discourse analysis found three major frames—legitimization, responsibility, and stereotype—that meant to indicate individual responsibility and (by implication) social responsibility. In each newspaper, stereotypes, weight stigma, and shrill discourse were mentioned. Framing analysis found that news stories about obesity tended to transfer medical costs onto individuals rather than emphasizing the responsibility of the food and beverage industry. The use of stereotype frames was more prevalent in both newspapers. The presence of stereotype frames was greater in both newspapers. Specifically, older people are at higher risk of obesity. Children and teenagers who are addicted to electronic devices are more likely to develop obesity. Finally, the paper concludes by arguing that in order to reduce stigma and promote public health, one must take into account the complex social and economic factors that contribute to the problem.
Interaction between the Teaching/Learning of Formal Logic, Algorithms, Mathematics and French in a Multilingual and Multiethnic Context: Case of Mahajanga High School
Authors: Razafindrabehita Lwanga Albert , Ravelomanana Juvenile Christalin , Ravelojaona Vatosoa Tsirinala Fabiola , Rakotomalala Hery Frédéric , Totohasina André
Published: August 2024

This article aims to study the eventual links between the teaching/learning of French, formal logic, mathematics and algorithms in a plurilingual and pluriethnic context, case of the secondary school of Mahajanga. The study will be based on surveys of the languages, and dialects spoken by pupils in class and their respective scores in French, formal logic, mathematics and algorithms. The data obtained will be further analysed using Implicative Statistical Analysis (ISA) under ICHC-MGK. Among the results of the ICHC-MGK analysis: students with a very strong level in logic are generally those who have a strong level in French, an average level in French generally leads to an average level in logic, those who are very strong in mathematics often have high skills in logic as well, students who are blamed in algorithms tend to be also blamed in logic, students who are strong in mathematics are probably also strong in algorithms and students with a very strong level in algorithms are generally those who express themselves in French. These results encourage us to consider future collaboration with French teachers in order to integrate logic into the teaching of French, to improve students’ levels in logic, mathematics and algorithms.
Occurrence and progression of osseo-muscular and neurologic manifestations in Wilson’s disease
Authors: Nandi Shankar , Banerjee Ratul
Published: August 2024

Osseo-muscular presentations of Wilson’s Disease (WD) are not common, but have been reported in several studies from different parts of the world. We studied a group of 36 patients who presented with prominent osseo-muscular affection and were ultimately diagnosed with WD. We studied the pattern of osseo-muscular involvement in these patients and also the specific neurologic manifestations that they manifested. We also followed up these patients who were being given optimal dietary and pharmacologic treatment over a period of 2 years to analyze the response of osseo-muscular and neurologic disease to treatment. The results showed that osseo-muscular involvement in WD patients are nonspecific and involve bone demineralization and joint inflammation predominantly. Presence of proximal myopathy with normal creatine phosphokinase level but electrophysiological evidence of myopathy was notable in this study. Neurologic involvement was mainly dystonic and cerebellar with the notable absence of significant tremor. Adequate therapy resulted in salutary improvement or stabilization of both neurologic and osseo-muscular involvement, indicating a possible common toxic effect of excess copper on both neuronal and musculoskeletal tissue. Further studies are required to document the biochemical and toxicologic pathways causing cellular and tissue damage in WD.
Comparison of fasting versus postprandial thyroid function test and growth hormone status in known subclinical hypothyroid patients based on hormonal changes in medical college and hospital, Kolkata
Authors: Karar Neha , Datta Suparna , Datta Subinay , Biswas Soumika , Hussain Sheena , Sen Papia , Samaddar Rupama , Samaddar Arunima
Published: August 2024

Background: Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine are the main thyroid hormones that play an essential role in cellular metabolism, growth, and tissue development, and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is often defined by a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the upper limit of the reference range (usually around 4.0 or 4.5 mIU/L, usually TSH level in between 4 and 10 mIU/mL) along with a normal free T4 (fT4) level. Previous studies undertaken in various parts of the world have shown food intake can influence the TSH level at different percentages and these studies speculated that if we measure TSH level 2 h after breakfast (9:00 am) compared with the fasting blood samples that is generally collected in the morning (7:00 am), the TSH level is significantly reduced by about 30%, and this significant difference created reasonable doubt in the diagnosis of SCH.

Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the difference in serum TSH, fT4, leptin, cortisol, insulin, adiponectin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) between fasting and post-prandial blood samples in known subclinical hypothyroid patients.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, non-interventional study was done on 50 diagnosed subclinical hypothyroid patients after screening them through the inclusion–exclusion criteria. The estimations were done by chemiluminescence immunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, statistical analysis was done using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences.

Results: After analysis of blood samples, it showed that the serum TSH decreased progressively after food intake for almost 2 h, the level of decrease is statistically significant (from 7.38 ± 1.22 mIU/mL to 5.9 ± 1.03 mIU/mL) (P < 0.001). Serum fT4 level remained almost unchanged after food intake.

Conclusion: As per previous and our study a possible explanation of this post-prandial fall of TSH can be that food consumption causes an alteration in circulating glucose levels, insulin, leptin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (cholecystokinin and GLP-1), and cortisol. Growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin levels also suppress TSH secretion from the pituitary. As both over- and under-treatment with eltroxin can be detrimental for subclinical hypothyroid children and pregnant women, so further studies with larger sample sizes and somatostatin and GH estimation should be done to authenticate the findings of this study.
Correlation of cardiac autonomic functions with uroflowmetry parameters in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients – Analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: M Shivani , Karunamoorthy Vanathy
Published: August 2024

Background: Diabetic autonomic neuropathy can affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as a whole and result in a detrimental impact on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. However, urinary bladder dysfunction is one of the most important complications of long-standing and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) and often impairs the quality of life presenting as an under-recognized complication of diabetes. Cardiac autonomic functions are also severely affected in DM, leading to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Hence, the present study aimed at correlating the urinary bladder functions with cardiac autonomic functions in Type 2 diabetic patients.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the cardiac autonomic functions using a cardiac ANS study (CANS study) and correlate it with the urinary bladder functions using uroflowmetry studies in Type 2 DM patients.

Materials and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 31 Type 2 DM patients recruited from the diabetology ward of Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Madras Medical College, Chennai. The patients were clinically examined and the history was collected. The Uroflowmetry test was done in the Department of Urology and the CANS study was done in the Department of Diabetology and the parameters were recorded in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results: A majority of subjects had significant severe and definite sympathetic involvement and early and definite cardiac autonomic neuropathy in the CANS study. Subjects with cardiac autonomic neuropathy had a negative correlation with voided volume, maximum flow rate, and average flow rate and a positive correlation with voiding time, and post-voided residual urine volume.

Conclusion: According to this study, subjects with uncontrolled diabetes had predominant sympathetic nervous system dysfunction and also early, definite cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Subjects with early cardiac autonomic neuropathy had significant alterations in the uroflowmetry parameters indicating bladder voiding dysfunction in them. Hence, CANS study and uroflowmetry can be used to determine early ANS dysfunction in DM.
Beyond bridging: The prospects for porosity in parental engagement initiatives
Authors: Peace-Hughes Tracey , Marchbank Jill , McKendrick John H.
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the prospect of porosity in widening participation work with parents/carers from multiply deprived communities. Porosity offers a conceptual lens through which spaces can be viewed as interconnected and fluid, and not as bounded entities. The paper draws upon an
evaluation of a pilot widening participation project. We reflect on the experiences of parents and the course co-ordinator as the participants move between social realms – the university campus and the home environment/local community – appraising the extent to which understandings
of both change as a result of project participation. We conclude that widening participation programmes may offer porosity – with changes often experienced by parents in their home environments. However, concerns are expressed over whether these changes can be sustained in the long-term
and the lack of change in participating Higher Education institutions. A process of mutual co-creation of widening participation programmes is advocated, which could allow for greater porosity with the potential to further break down structural barriers.
Supporting students effectively in an online teaching environment at the beginning of their student journey
Authors: Wood Carlton , Cook Lynda , Clarke Anactoria
Published: August 2024

We report that introducing online teaching to Access students studying a Level 3 pre-degree Higher Education module at The Open University has long-lasting beneficial effects. This study shows that a single online teaching session, which focuses on a heavily-weighted summative final
piece of assessment, encourages students who participate to subsequently attend online teaching sessions on future modules to a significantly greater extent than those students who did not undertake the introductory Access module. This effect was seen in students progressing to three subsequent
modules. Qualitative interviews of students who had undertaken the introductory online teaching session showed that the students could recall the session some three years after it had taken place, were able to report the benefits of having attended the session and also reported that it made
them far more likely to attend future online teaching events in subsequent modules they undertook.
The importance of information, advice and guidance in widening access to higher education
Authors: Summers Robert J. , Fullwood Sarah , Sherlock Rain , Moores Elisabeth
Published: August 2024

Despite significant amounts spent on widening access to higher education (HE), there is sparse evidence of what works. Evaluation of multi-intervention programmes is challenging because it is difficult to elucidate which elements of programmes are important (and why). Here we present
results from focus groups and surveys at different time points on a multi-intervention programme based at a UK university. At the start of the programme, attitudes towards studying at ‐ and belonging in ‐ HE were already positive. Confidence in how to apply to and fund HE was
relatively low at the start of the programme and increased significantly during it. In contrast, the perception of being able to afford to participate in HE was relatively low throughout. Focus group data also suggested that information on application and funding was helpful and additionally
highlighted concerns over affordability and the social side of HE. Information, advice and guidance (IAG) elements of multi-intervention programmes therefore appear to confer significant benefit to students in understanding how to apply to and fund HE. Whilst aspiration raising seems not to
be a critical aspect of widening access, focus on attainment and away from aspiration raising should not be done at the expense of excluding IAG.
The educational experiences of the Traveller community and impact of Traveller-focused initiatives: a qualitative study
Authors: Dirrane Sarah , Dempsey Lauren
Published: August 2024

Research shows that UK Travellers struggle to combine traditional values with mainstream education, leading to many dropping out of school before gaining qualifications. While there is an appetite for continuing home-schooling, Traveller parents struggle with this. Lincolnshire
Traveller Initiative (LTI) offers Traveller children a structured home-schooling method that is sensitive to their cultural needs. Through 31 qualitative interviews with Traveller parents and children who have engaged with LTI, we explore their educational experiences prior to LTI, and the
impact that such initiatives have on their educational outlooks. We found that while all the children struggled with mainstream schooling, the educational model offered by LTI ‐ a model which was supported by LTI’s collaborative partners ‐ helped Travellers to obtain
qualifications and explore the possibility of developing their career paths or attending higher education. This paper has implications for educational practitioners hoping to engage with the Traveller community in the future. Firstly, it underlines the importance of building a trusted
connection with the community, as relationships and cultural sensitivity are key. Secondly, it highlights the necessity of offering flexible and adaptable lessons that provide the knowledge necessary for obtaining key qualifications, while still supporting and providing the skills deemed essential
in the Traveller community.
‘Tremendous pressure’: exploring the pressures faced by widening participation evaluators
Authors: Hart Benjamin
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the tensions, disjunctures and politics that evaluators experience when tasked with evaluating widening participation programmes in English Higher Education Institutions (HEI). While much research has been conducted concerning the importance of evaluation in widening
participation, comparatively little has been written about how the socio-organisational position that evaluators are situated in may impact the quality and `rigour´ of the evaluation exercises themselves. Consequently, this paper is intended to act as the starting point for discussions
within the field of widening participation that critically reflect on the optimal circumstances in which we can evaluate widening participation initiatives. Drawing from the analysis of semi-structured interviews with 21 practitioners at four HEIs, four pressures are identified that act
upon evaluators, namely: reputational concerns; personal involvement; accountability for donors, alumni and other interested parties; and position within an organisation. These pressures are outlined and explored in relation to how they shape the evaluation process. The implications of this
research concern institutional change at both the HEI and the regulatory body level, movement towards methodological pluralism and an easing of the pressures that confront widening participation practitioners when tasked with evaluation.
Lived ethics in an ethics process: moving towards the use of experimental evaluation design within widening participation outreach
Authors: Hoskin-Campion Jonathan , Crowson Peter , Guiver Laura , Hope Laura , Kerrigan Michael , Siddle Rebecca
Published: August 2024

A particular issue within widening participation (WP) outreach is the dearth of studies able to make robust causal claims. We posit here that ethical issues related to Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) implementation are problematic and need to be addressed. We do so here in the adoption
of a novel pedagogy and encourage other actors within this space to adopt greater risk and innovation across all aspects of practice.
Care leavers’ journeys into university: A narrative study examined through a Bourdieusian lens
Authors: Shotton Lynette Harland
Published: August 2024

This paper reports the findings of a narrative study exploring the journeys of nine care leavers into university, answering the research question: How do care leavers explain their journeys into university? Care leavers are one of the least represented groups in the university setting.
Therefore, examining the journeys of those who do enter the university field is important for understanding how to help raise aspirations and support other care leavers to follow. Recruitment to the study took place across all five universities in the Northeast of England, with nine students
from three of these institutions taking part. Individual face to face and telephone interviews were conducted to capture the narratives and these were examined through a Bourdieusian lens, drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of practice, using an experience centred thematic approach. The
findings underline the dominant view that university education is culturally desirable and valuable, but also serve to highlight the diversity and complexity of the aspirations and experiences of care leavers’ journeys into university. This research study contributes to the developing
evidence base concerned with the educational experiences and trajectories of care leavers, highlighting the need for further research and review of both policy and practice in this area.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Peran Orang Tua Dengan Dampak Hospitalisasi Pada Anak Usia Toddler di Rumah Sakit Umum Al-Fatah Ambon
Authors: Lartutul Blandina , Tiwery Indah Benita , Lilipory Mevi
Published: August 2024

Hospitalisasi dapat menimbulkan krisis pada kehidupan anak keadaan ini terjadi karena anak mengalami perubahan dari keadaan sehat dan rutinitas lingkungan serta mekanisme koping yang terbatas dalam menghadapi stresor. Pengetahuan dan peran orang tua sangat dibutuhkan untuk menimalkan dampak hospitalisasi pada anak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan peran orang tua dengan dampak hospitalisasi pada anak usia toddler di Rumah Sakit Umum Al-Fatah Ambon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cros sectional, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling sebanyak 35 sampel. Hasil uji Fisher�s Exact Test taraf signifikan didapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa pengetahuan memiliki hubungan dengan dampak hospitalisasi dengan nilai P-value 0.002 ( 0,05), dan terdapat peran orang tua memiliki hubungan dengan dampak hospitalisasi dengan nilai P-value 0.004 (0,05).Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan peran orang tua dengan dampak hospitalisasi pada anak usia toddler di Rumah Sakit Umum Al-Fatah Ambon. Disarankan orang tua agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam memberikan peran yang baik dalam proses perawatan rawat inap anak.Kata kunci: Dampak, hospitalisasi, anak, pengetahuan, peran orang tua
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kunjungan Ibu Balita ke Posyandu Efrata di Desa Waai Kecamatan Salahutu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Pattinasarany L , Djurumana Yohana , Leunupun Trixie
Published: August 2024

Memperoleh informasi dari pelayanan Kesehatan bagi Ibu, bayi dan balita. Pertumbuhan bayi dan balita juga dapat terpantau sehingga tidak mengalami atau terkategori gizi kurang atau buruk, bayi dan balita mendapatkan Vitamin A, bayi memperoleh imunisasi lengkap. Dari data yang diperoleh pada Puskesmas Perawatan Waai tahun 2019 balita berjumlah 1.556 dan jumlah balita yang berkunjung dari Januari sampai dengan Desember 1.167 Balita, sedangkan seluruh balita di posyandu efrata pada tahun 2019 berjumlah 74 Balita yang berkunjung 45 balita. Penelitia ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kunjungan ibu balita ke posyandu dengan pengetahuan, sikap petugas, dan status pekerjaan. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah Cross Sectional dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Partisipan dalam penilitian ini adalah Ibu yang memiliki anak berusia 1-59 bulan berdomisili di Sektor Efrata Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Perawatan Waai yang berjumlah 43 Orang. Hasil penelitian setelah dianalisis secara Univariat dan Bivariat ditemukan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna atau signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap petugas, dan Status pekerjaan dengan kunjungan Ibu balita ke posyandu. Oleh karena itu saran bagi tenaga Kesehatan untuk mensosialisasikan tentang fungsi posyandu bagi ibu � ibu yang mempunyai bayi dan balita.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap petugas, status pekerjaan, ibu balita, kunjungan posyandu
ĐÁNH GIÁ MỘT SỐ DẤU ẤN SINH HỌC Ở QUÂN NHÂN TRẦM CẢM NGƯỜI VIỆT NAM
Authors: Phạm Thị Bích , Vũ Thị Thu , Bùi Thị Hương , Tô Ngọc Mai
Published: August 2024

Trầm cảm là bệnh lý thần kinh phát sinh do rối loạn hoạt động sinh học của não bộ hoặc do sang chất tâm lý, dẫn đến bất thường trong hành vi. Sự đa dạng về đối tượng bệnh nhân và số người bệnh trầm cảm đang tăng ở mức báo động ở mọi quốc gia trên thế giới. Ở Việt Nam, quân đội là ngành nghề có tính chất đặc biệt với lực lượng quân nhân lớn nên số lượng ca bệnh cũng có xu hướng gia tăng. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm Mục tiêu định lượng và so sánh một số dấu ấn sinh học ở nhóm quân nhân trầm cảm, đồng thời đánh giá mối liên quan của các dấu ấn sinh học với mức độ trầm cảm. Đối tượng: Mẫu máu và huyết thanh quân nhân bình thường hay mắc trầm cảm (n=58) được thu thập tại Bệnh viện Quân Y 175. Bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán thông qua kiểm định HAMD (Hamilton–D). Phương pháp: Các yếu tố dinh dưỡng thần kinh (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) và neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) được định lượng sử dụng kít Human BDNF Elisa, Human NT-3 Elisa và Human NT-4 Elisa. Sự thay đổi của các chỉ số sinh hóa như cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose; các hormone FT3, FT4 và TSH cũng được phân tích. Kết quả thu được cho thấy, hàm lượng BDNF, NT-3, NT-4 trong huyết thanh của quân nhân mắc trầm cảm giảm đáng kể so với bình thường (p<0,05). So với mẫu huyết thanh của quân nhân bình thường, mẫu phân tích của quân nhân mắc trầm cảm có các chỉ số sinh hóa như cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose và FT3 có xu hướng cao hơn.
الجريمة الإلكترونية في الواقع العراقي ، دراسة وتحليل
Authors: Osamah Nadhim Saadoon Al_Ibadi  , Tariq M. Saeed  , Subhi Hamadi Hamdoon
Published: August 2024

The Iraqi Ministry of Interior announced the number of cybercrimes and found that there is a need to reduce them while developing a special law for them because the Iraqi judiciary is still dealing with cybercrime perpetrators in accordance with the Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969. The enormous and continuous scientific progress in the field of communications in the world requires the legislator to continuously develop The Penal Code was designed to accommodate cases that are in line with technological development, including those related to social media networks. The research was based on a field study directed exclusively at university students (study sample). Students' opinions were surveyed on cybercrime topics, which were divided into personal crimes (insult, slander, fraud, and blackmail), societal crime (targeting a group, not an individual), and international crime (Iraqi security). At the end of the paper, several recommendations were included according to the analysis of the questionnaire.
الخلاصة
صرحت وزارة الداخلية العراقية بعدد الجرائم الإلكترونية وتبين هناك حاجة للحد منها مع وضع تشريع قانون خاص بها لأن القضاء العراقي لازال يتعامل مع مرتكبي الجريمة الإلكترونية وفق قانون العقوبات العراقي رقم 111 لسنة 1969. إن التقدم العلمي الهائل والمستمر بمجال الاتصالات في العالم يفرض على المشرع العراقي التطوير المستمر لقانون العقوبات ليستوعب الحالات التي تتماشى مع التطور التكنولوجي ومنها تلك المتعلقة بشبكات التواصل الإجتماعي.
محاور الجريمة الإلكترونية التي وزعت الى جريمة شخصية (السب أو الشتم والإحتيال والإبتزاز) والجريمة المجتمعية (تستهدف فئة وليس فرد) وجريمة دولية (أمن العراق ),  تم بعد ذلك عرض نتائج الإستبيان وتحليل الواقع ورفع التوصيات وفق نتائج إستبيان البحث.
Exploring Vulnerabilities and Threats in Large Language Models: Safeguarding Against Exploitation and Misuse
Authors:   Student at Jumeirah English Speaking in School Dubai, UAE, Varma Mr. Aarush , Kshirsagar Dr. Mohan ,   Ph.D.in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence from Prath School of Engineering, Under Duke University, Durham  USA
Published: August 2024

This research paper delves into the inherent vulnerabilities and potential threats posed by large language models (LLMs), focusing on their implications across diverse applications such as natural language processing and data privacy. The study aims to identify and analyze these risks comprehensively, emphasizing the importance of mitigating strategies to prevent exploitation and misuse in LLM deployments. In recent years, LLMs have revolutionized fields like automated content generation, sentiment analysis, and conversational agents, yet their immense capabilities also raise significant security concerns. Vulnerabilities such as bias amplification, adversarial attacks, and unintended data leakage can undermine trust and compromise user privacy. Through a systematic examination of these challenges, this paper proposes safeguarding measures crucial for responsibly harnessing the potential of LLMs while minimizing associated risks. It underscores the necessity of rigorous security protocols, including robust encryption methods, enhanced authentication mechanisms, and continuous monitoring frameworks. Furthermore, the research discusses regulatory implications and ethical considerations surrounding LLM usage, advocating for transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement in policy- making and deployment practices. By synthesizing insights from current literature and real-world case studies, this study provides a comprehensive framework for stakeholders—developers, policymakers, and users—to navigate the complex landscape of LLM security effectively. Ultimately, this research aims to inform future advancements in LLM technology, ensuring its safe and beneficial integration into various domains while mitigating potential risks to individuals and society as a whole. Keywords— Adversarial attacks on LLMs, Bias in LLMs, Data privacy in LLMs, Ethical considerations LLMs, Exploitation of LLMs, Large Language Models (LLMs), Misuse of LLMs, Mitigation strategies for LLMs, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Regulatory frameworks LLMs, Responsible deployment of LLMs, Risks of LLMs, Security implications of LLMs, Threats to LLMs, Vulnerabilities in LLMs.
IMPLEMENTASI TARGET COSTING DALAM UPAYA EFISIENSI BIAYA PRODUKSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LABA PRODUK
Authors: Mediaty Mediaty , Usman Asri , Pratiwi Dwi Dian , Nurul Amalia Lestari Rezki , Wijayanti Winola
Published: August 2024

This paper looks into how MIE NAGA figures out their production costs, checking if Target Costing makes a difference in cutting costs, and seeing how using Target Costing can help boost their product profits. This research is a type of qualitative research using a case study approach. The type of research used is qualitative with a case study model. Data sources refer to primary data and secondary data. Data analysis and processing used to get answers to the formulation of the problem is to get supporting data and then processed with the target costing method used until the end of the problem. In essence, the application of the target costing method is effective for streamlining production costs. this is evident that the difference from the total production cost in 2020 and the total production cost in 2021 before and after the application of the target costing method is Rp. 340,206,650, and the total production cost is Rp. 516,244,150 and Rp. 176,037,500. Furthermore, there is an increase in product profit in the amount of the difference in revenue seen from 2020 and 2021 by 71.4%. Meanwhile, two additional alternatives that have been implemented through the value engineering method are changes in selling prices to maximize profits.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE VILLAGE FINANCIAL SYSTEM, COMPETENCE OF VILLAGE APPARATUS, AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN VILLAGE FUND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Damayanti Ni Luh Gede Adelia , Sujana I Ketut
Published: August 2024

This research aims to examine the influence of the implementation of the village financial system, the competence of village officials, and community participation on the accountability of village fund management. The total or census technique was used to choose 72 respondents for the study sample. Using a questionnaire distribution approach, the study was carried out. A method known multiple linear regression analysis was employed for the data analysis. The investigation findings point out that there is a positive relationship between accountability in managing village funds, the competence of village officials, and community participation. Specifically, accountable management of village funds is enhanced by implementing the village financial system.