bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rosa x odorata â€œviridifloraâ€ (green rose) in Bali Botanical Garden: biological phenology and its propagation
Authors: SIREGAR HARTUTININGSIH M. , SUENDRA I PUTU , SIREGAR MUSTAID
Published: July 2014

Rosa x odorata â€œviridifloraâ€ (green rose) was one of rose collection in Bali Botanical Garden. This shrub had shiny, dark green leaves and sprays of rossete-shaped, double flowers, 4-5 cm across, green ageing to purplish green, with narrow petals that resemble sepals. Phenology flower research was begin from the growth phase and the development until the flower was fall, every phase was identified with one or more changing. Vegetative reproduction should take over for propagation purpose. Vegetative propagation was done by cutting about 15 cm long and 0.8-1.0 cm diameter. The study was carried out in the greenhouse of Bali Botanic Garden by using CompletelyRandomized Design with 5 treatments: rootone F powder, atonik 1 mL/L, atonik 2 mL/L, IBA 1 mg/L, NAA 1 mg/L and control. Each treatment was done 3 replication had 5 pieces of cutting. The result of research indicated that cutting more responsive to rootone F with highest cutting persentage (66,67%), highest to buds (25 days after planting) and to fast flowering (147 days after planting). Green rose is one of more flowers is not interested by pollinator insect.@2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: green rose, Rosa x odorata â€œviridifloraâ€, phenology.
The alternative choices of masticatory customs by local people in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua
Authors: SUSIARTI SITI
Published: July 2014

The flora diversity and the interesting customs in East Indonesia, particularly in Papua, have not been explored intensively. This study encountered the relationship between traditional customs and usage of plant species by the local people in Wasur National Park Area, Merauke sub-district, Merauke district. One of them was masticatory. It has been well known by Indonesians in most parts of Indonesia, including societies in Wasur National Park. The major societies live in Wasur National Park are Kanum, Morori and Marind. Besides gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxburgh) and sirih (Piper betle L.), the young fruit of betel nut (Areca catechu L.) is usually consumed it as masticatory materials, by man and women. Several plant species, usually used alternative choices by Kanum, Morori and Marind were openg (Exocarpus latifolius R.Br.; Santalaceae), tawal (Celastraceae), sambiwal (Erythroxylum ecarinatum Burck; Erythroxylaceae), ntuo(Cryptocaria nitida R.A.Philippi; Lauraceae) and agya (Endiandra montana C.T. White; Lauraceae).Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: masticatory customs, Wasur National Park, Papua.
Spatial genetic structure of Salvia japonica Thunb. population (Labiatae) in Botanical Garden of Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
Authors: SUDARMONO SUDARMONO
Published: July 2014

Salvia japonica Thunb. (Japan: Aki-no-Tamurasou) was a perennial herb, protandry insect-pollinated, and self-incompatible with water-flow dispersed seed. We used allozyme loci to know genetic structure of a S. japonica population. We examined spatial autocorrelation of individuals within five distance class with Moran`s I statistics. The area of observation was in plot 5x5 m2 in Botanical Garden of Osaka City University, Kisaichi, Katano, Osaka Prefecture. The 8 loci examined were polymorphic, namely Aat-1, Aat-2, Pgi, Mnr, Pgm-1, Pgm-2, Idh, and 6-Pgd. Low levels of genetic diversity were found for 29 individuals. Ninety-two percent cases for all of distance class were similar and only 8% (8 of 105 cases) were significant differences. This result indicated that the spatial genetic distributions in all of distance classes were all similar and no spatial autocorrelation of genotypes. Only in distance class 2 had one significantly positive cases (0.15) in Pgm-1c, indicating that spatial genetic structure in the study population was weak at most. In the other word that spatial pattern of the individuals within S. japonica population was random. Overall of the result was indicating that genotype among individuals of S. japonica changed distantly and tended to isolation in distance by seed dispersed. Key words: Salvia japonica, spatial autocorrelation, Botanical Garden of Osaka City University, random, isolation, seed.
Study on seed anatomy of Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack); a viability perspective
Authors: SOETISNA USEP
Published: July 2014

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a member of Verbenaceae family. It has been registered on the National Industrial Timber Estate Programme. Its large-scale propagation was usuallly carried out by vegetative or stem cuttings, therefore it had significant limitation. Due to the low germination rate, so the generative propagation was not yet a prime target. Fruits as well as flower biology remain open so intensive study. Beside the case of low germination rate, the purity test on the whole fruits resulted in an assumption on three categories, i.e. (i) low percentage of fruits containing full seeded segment, (ii) fruits posses a splitting mechanism into separate half-seeded fruit, (iii) morphologically difficult to recognize a full-seeded fruit.Â Key words: Peronema canescens, seed, viability.
Soil Fungi in an Over-burned Tropical Rain Forest in Bukit Bangkirai, East Kalimantan
Authors: SUCIATMIH SUCIATMIH
Published: July 2014

A study was conducted in Bukit Bangkirai forest, East Kalimantan, to understand the impact of forest fire on the existence of soil fungi. Three permanent plots were used for the research, i.e. undamaged plot (K), lightly damaged plot (LD), and heavily damaged plot (HD). Each plot was 1 ha and divided into 100 sub-plots (10 m x 10 m). For observation of soil fungi, in the center of the five randomly selected sub-plots from each plot was made a sampling plot (2 m x 2 m). After removing the organic matter surface (O layer), soil sample was collected from top layer (A) and second layer (B) in each of the five sampling plots. Soil fungi were isolated using dilution plate method and they were incubated at room temperature (27-28 oC). This process was replicated two times for each soil sample. The result indicated that forest fire decreased the diversity and population of soil fungi. The highest soil fungi population was found in the undamaged (K) plot at the top layer (A) (389.0 colonies/mg dry soil), while the lowest population was in the lightly damaged plot (LD) at the second layer (B) (12.3

colonies/mg dry soil). Gongronella butleri was dominant species in the area of the tropical rain forest which was fired in Bukit Bangkirai, East Kalimantan.

Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: damaged and undamaged plots, colony, population, soil fungi, soil layer
Pigment and Lovastatin content on the Red Rice cultivar Bah Butong and BP 1804 IF 9 which Fermented by Monascus purpureus Jmba
Authors: KASIM ERNAWATI , SUHARNA NANDANG , NURHIDAYAT NOVIK
Published: July 2014

Research on the red rice fermented by Monascus purpureus had been done. The rice consisted of 2 cultivars such as Bah Butong and BP 1804 IF 9. The aim of the research was to know the content of the pigment and lovastatin of the fermentation result/ angkak. Angkak was powdered by using blender. To measure the content of pigment, the powder was extracted by methanol. By using spectrophotometer the content of the pigment could be measured with 390 nm wave lengths for yellow pigment and 500 nm for the red pigment. For lovastatin the powder was extracted by acetonitrile and H2SO4. By using HPLC the content of lovastatin could be measured. The results showed that the highest pigment content for yellow pigment was on the PB 1804 IF 9 cultivar, and red pigment was on the Bah Butong cultivar. The highest lovastatin content was on the BP 1804 IF 9.Key words: Monascus purpureus, red rice, pigment, lovastatin.
Augmentation of potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) stimulate growth of green mustard (Brasica caventis Oed.) in marginal soil
Authors: WIDAWATI SRI , SULIASIH SULIASIH
Published: July 2014

The potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria/PSB (Bacillus megaterium, B. pantothenticus, Chromobacterium lividum and Klebsiella aerogenes) were used as biofertilizer to increase the fresh leaf production of green mustard (Brasica caventis Oed.). An experiment was conducted at green house condition. The experiment were used 18 treatments such as single isolate of potential PSB (A,B,C,D), inoculants contain two isolates of potential PSB (E,F,G,H,I,J), inoculants contain three isolates of potential PSB (K, L, M, N), inoculants contain four isolate of potential PSB (O), chemistry fertilizer (P = control 1), organic fertilizer (Q = control 2), and without fertilizer (R = control 3). The treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replications. The result showed that the inoculants of potential PSB increased the fresh plant production of green mustard. The mix of four isolates of potential PSB (inoculants O) was the best to increase the fresh plant production of green mustard until 32.87% than other PSB inoculants, 207.84% than control 1,217.23% than control 2, and 930.60% than control 3. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: BPF/PSB, Wamena Biological Garden, Brasica caventis Oed.
Isolation and resistance test of several isolates of Lactobacillus in low pH
Authors: HARDININGSIH RIANI , NAPITUPULU ROSTIATI NONTA REFINA , YULINERY TITIN
Published: July 2014

Several isolates of Lactobacillus had been isolated from Indonesian fermented foods. Four isolates where isolated from tongcai (TT2), saguer drink (Sg.Mnd.N2), pindang ikan selar (PSl1) and sawi asin (S5) had been used in this research. The aim of the research was to get Lactobacillus isolates as probiotic candidate and to know its resistance to low pH. The treatment were several concentration of low pH of MRS broth medium, i.e. 2; 2.5; 3; and 6.5 (optimal pH). The optical density (OD) was measured after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours respectively, with three replication by using spectrophotometer (Î» = 600 nm). The results showed that all Lactobacillus isolates (i.e. TT2, Sg.Mnd.N2, PSl1, and S5) could been used as probiotic candidate because they were resistant to all of low pH used. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: low pH, Lactobacillus, probiotic
The influence of Se content of the seed and the root of Areca catechu by fermenting of Acetobacterâ€“Saccharomyces consortium as an antimicrobial gargle
Authors: YULINERI TITIN , KASIM ERNAWATI , NURHIDAYAT NOVIK
Published: July 2014

The research on the using of Areca catechu seeds and roots extract contain selenium which fermented by Acetobacterâ€“Saccharomyces consortium as a gargle had been conducted. The aim of the research was to know the influence of Se content of the seed and the root of Areca catechu by fermenting of Acetobacterâ€“Saccharomyces consortium on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The research consisted of four stages i.e. fermented the extract, isolated S. mutans, tested the activity of the antimicrobial and analyzed selenium concentration in the extract. The result showed that the concentration of selenium has fluctuation. The highest content of selenium of the seeds extract at 2.2 g/L concentration was 3.05 ppb on the fifteenth day while on the root extract at 8.8 g/L was 14.03 ppb on the twenty first day fermentation. Both of the extract has potential used as antiseptic gargle. The antimicrobial agents could inhibit the growth of S. mutans better than the three kinds of commercial gargles. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: selenium, Areca catechu, Acetobacter, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus mutans, antimicrobial, gargle
Diet and its composition of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) in rubber forest of Tabalong District, South Kalimantan
Authors: SOENDJOTO MOCHAMAD ARIEF , ALIKODRA HADI SUKADI , BISMARK MUHAMMAD , SETIJANTO HERU
Published: July 2014

Diet of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) inhabiting rubber forests was poorly known. The research objectives were to identify plants or other organisms which functions as food sources, estimate the amount of food a day, and determine the content of food nutrition. Identification of food sources and estimation of the amount of food were conducted in the field, but the nutrition content was analyzed in the laboratory. Eighteen plant species belonging to at least ten families were found as food sources. The monkey was likely to be folivore. Based on IARF (individual activity records of feeding) method, most of food was consisted of leaves (80.9%) and others were flowers (11.3%), fruits (6.77%), and barks (0.95%). The monkey also fed grasshoppers and termites, although few occasions were found. However, the number of food plant species and the percentage of food composition could change, because on some locations, out of the research location, we found and also people reported other plant species consumed by the proboscis monkey. By sampling the feeding rate on leaves of three species, the amount of food ranged 919.96-1537.59 g wet weight or 168.57-515.94 g dry weight. In addition, those sampled leaves contained nutrition and essential minerals that were required by this colobine monkey. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: proboscis monkey, food, nutrition, rubber forest.
The relation between stomata index and drought resistant at rice somaclones of Gajahmungkur, Towuti, and IR 64
Authors: LESTARI ENDANG GATI
Published: July 2014

Plant response to drought stress depends on the physiological and biochemical response of the individual plant. Plant resistant toward the drought stress is controlled by so many genes that identification toward the drought stress resistant plant could use one or several characters related to drought. In order to find out the relationship between stomata density and the drought stress resistant plant, observation on the stomata density at the lower leave epidermis of various rice (Oryza sativa L.) somaclones originated from radiated callus using gamma ray. The observed varieties are Gajahmungkur, Towuti, and IR 64. The plant observed is the ones selected drought resistant by using PEG, root penetration test to paraffin layer, and proline content test. Stomata density observation on several somaclone shows that the radiation treatment to the three varieties may change the stomata width, length and density. Stomata with the lower density than the control shows the higher resistant to the drought viewed from the variable of filled grain, at the stress treatment given in the experiment. Gajahmungkur variety, which is basically higher land rice, has the lower density of stomata than that of Towuti and IR 64. In conclusion, the stomata density can be applied as one indicator on the stress resistant level of rice. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: stomata, drought resistant, rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos in mangrove rehabilitation forest in Great Garden Forest Ngurah Rai Bali
Authors: FITRIANA YULIA RAHMA
Published: July 2014

Rehabilitation of mangrove was required to increase biodiversity and abundance population of fauna, including macrozoobenthos. The aims of this research were to study influence of biotic and abiotic factors to diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos. This research was conducted on June, 2003 in Great Garden Forest (Tahura) Ngurah Rai, Bali. The observation plots were Rhizophora apiculataâ€™s and Rhizophora mucronataâ€™s planted in different plant density. The results of this experiment showed that diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos were not significant correlation to the density of the plants. The abundance of macrozoobenthos was negatively correlation to substrate texture. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: makrozoobenthos, diversity, abundance, rhizophora, mangrove.
Vegetative growth of upland rice and some pineapple varieties in intercropping at dryland Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: RAHAYU MUJI , PRAJITNO DJOKO , SYUKUR ABDUL
Published: July 2014

The aims of this research were to study vegetative growth of upland rice and some pineapple varieties in intercropping at dryland. The research was conducted from October 2003 until March 2004 at Logandeng village, Playen, Gunung Kidul regency, Yogyakarta province. The design of the field experiment was 3x2 factorial + 3 additional treatments arranged in randomized complete block. The first factor was pineapple varieties i.e. queen blitar (NB), queen hijau bogor (NQ) and cayenne subang (NC), while second factor was intercropping degree i.e. pineapple monoculture (P0) and 50% proportion of intercropping system (P50). The additional treatments consist of upland rice monoculture (P100), intercropping with proportion queen blitar 25%: 75% upland rice (P75) and intercropping with proportion queen blitar 75%: 25% upland rice (P25). The results of this research showed the best of upland rice growth on upland rice monoculture and the highest of pineapple growth on cayenne subang varieties monoculture. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: pineapple varieties, upland rice, intercropping, growth.
The effects of planting media and leaf fertilizers on the growth of jamrud orchid (Dendrobium macrophyllum A. Rich.)
Authors: TIRTA I GEDE
Published: July 2014

Jamrud orchid (Dendrobium macrophyllum A. Rich.) have attractive flowers which make the orchid become one of high economic ornamental plants. The orchid is one of endangered species. Its growth is slow, however appropriate planting media and leaf fertilizers can improve the growth of the orchid. The experiment was conducted from February to June 2003, at â€œEka Karyaâ€ Bali Botanic Garden. The design used in the experiment was completely randomized block with two treatments and four replicates. The first factor were six kinds of planting medias (roots of C. contaminans, roots of Asplenium nidus, charcoal, roots of C. contaminans+roots of A. nidus, roots of C. contaminans+charcoal and roots of A. nidus+charcoal). The second factor were four kinds of fertilizers (plant catalyst, super bionik, inabio and subur inti persada) and one treatment without fertilizer. The results of experiment showed that the interaction between planting medias and leaf fertilizers significantly affected increment of plant height at 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks after planting, of leaf number at 14, 16 and 18 weeks after planting, of root length, of plant fresh weight and oven dry weight. Treatment of C. contaminans roots and of A. nidus roots combined with inabio fertilizer produced the highest vegetative growth. This treatment increased the total oven dry weight of plant (54.81%), increased the weight of plant (67.48%), of root length (41.63%), of total leaf number (70.73%), of plant height (59.01%) and bud number (72.22%) compared with treatment without fertilizer in the same media. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: planting media, leaf fertilizers, growth, Dendrobium macrophyllum A.Rich.
Fire Behavior in Pelalawan Peatland, Riau Province
Authors: SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO
Published: July 2014

During dry season it is easily recognized that smoke will emerge at certain place both in Sumatra and Kalimantan that is in peatland. The worst situation occurred when fire burnt buried log in the logged over area where the fire fighter did not have any experience and knowledge on how to work with fire in peatland. Finally it had been found that one of the reasons why firefighter failed to fight fire in peatland is because they do not have any knowledge and experience on it. In order to know the fire behavior characteristics in different level of peat decomposition for fire management and sustainable management of the land for the community, research done in Pelalawan area, Riau Province, Indonesia, during dry season 2001. Three level of peat decomposition named Sapric, Hemic, and Fibric used. To conduct the research, two 400 m2 of plot each was established in every level of the peat decomposition. Burning done three weeks following slashing, cutting and drying at different time using circle method. During burning, flame length, rate of the spread of fire, flame temperature and following burning fuel left and the depth of peat destruction were measured. Results of research shown that in sapric site

where sapric 2 has fuel load 9 ton ha-1 less than sapric 1, fire behavior was significantly different while peat destructed was deepest in sapric 2 with 31.87 cm. In hemic site where hemic 2 has fuel load 12.3 ton ha-1 more than hemic 1, fire behavior was significantly different and peat destructed deeper than hemic 1 that was 12.6 cm. In fibric site where fibric 1 has fuel load 3.5 ton ha-1 more than fibric 1, fire behavior was significantly different that has no burnt peat found. This results found that the different fuel characteristics (potency, moisture,

bed depth, and type) at the same level of peat decomposition will have significantly different fire behavior as it happened also on the depth of peat destruction except fibric. The same condition occurred in the fire behavior at different level of peat decomposition.

Key words: Fire, fuel, peat, sapric, hemic, fibric, Pelalawan.
Physiological test of Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8 probiotic which encapsulated by using spray dryer to reduce cholesterol
Authors: YULINERY TITIN , YULIANTO EKO , NURHIDAYAT NOVIK
Published: July 2014

The research on physiology test of Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8 probiotic which encapsulated by using spray dryer to reduce cholesterol has been conducted. The aim of the research was to know the influence of encapsulation process on the Lactobacillus cells to its activities on binding cholesterol, the ability to grow of the bacteria on lower pH 1-6 and the growth on Na-taurocholate at 17 mM concentration. The Emulator used was skimmed milk with 5% and 10% in concentration. The result showed that the bacteria used skimmed milk with 10% concentration was remain stable in growing ability such as growing on GYP medium in lower pH (1-6), growing on sodium taurocholate in 17 mM concentration, and the ability on binding cholesterol. So, encapsulated Lactobacillus can be used as probiotic agent to reduce cholesterol. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: probiotik, Lactobacillus sp. Mar 8, encapsulation.
Species diversity of the Genus Hoya (Asclepiadaceae) in Bukit Batikap Sanctuary Forest, Central Kalimantan
Authors: RAHAYU SRI
Published: July 2014

The Genus Hoya (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) is being appreciated as exotic ornamental plant in Europe, USA and Australia, while in Indonesia as the country of origin still neglected. Indonesia was predicted have the highest Hoya species diversity (about 60 species from 150 species in the world). Among the major Islands in Indonesia, Kalimantan was predicted have the highest diversity in Hoya species. The inventory of the species has been done in the Bukit Batikap Sanctuary Forest, Muller Mountain in Central Kalimantan. Nine Hoya species of about thirties species in Kalimantan were found in Bukit Batikap, namely: H. coronaria Blume, H. cf. erythrostemma Kerr., H. latifolia G. Don., H. mitrata Kerr., H. nummularioides Const., H. pusilla Rintz, H. revoluta Wight, H. scortechinii King & Gamble, and Hoya cf. vaccinioides Hook.f. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Hoya, diversity, Bukit Batikap, Muller Mountain, Kalimantan
Estimation of abundance and distribution of Plantago major L. in Mount Lawu
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , PITOYO ARI
Published: July 2014

The possibility of plantain (Plantago major L.) as traditional medicine that could be harvest by local people had been studied. The aims of the research were to know abundance and distribution of P. major, a medicinal plant, in southern slope of Mount Lawu. The research had done by using square method with transect along mountain tracking line from Cemoro Sewu base camp (Â± 1900 m asl) to Argo Dumilah peak (3265 m asl). The data was collected on 13 stations based on altitude, namely 1900-2000, 2000-2100, 2100-2200, 2200-2300, 2300- 2400, 2400-2500, 2500-2600, 2600-2700, 2700-2800, 2800-2900, 2900-3000, 3000-3100, and 3100-3200 m asl, each of them had 8 replication. The research result indicated that P. major had been found at 2200 m asl, and it would higher population at the higher altitude. The plant had clumped distribution pattern. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Plantago major L., abundance, distribution, Mount Lawu.
Domination and Composition Structure Change at Hemic Peat Natural Regeneration Following Burning; A Case Study in Pelalawan, Riau Province
Authors: SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO , NURHAYATI ATI DWI
Published: July 2014

Biomass burning is the burning of the worldâ€™s living and dead vegetation, including grasslands, forests and agricultural lands following the harvest for land clearing and land-use change. One of the important information needed following this biomass burning is how long the burnt forest or land can be recovered, and how worst the changing occurred. Repeated burning occurred at the same place trend to clean the vegetation which leads to have the land with lower number and quality of species left. The research objective is to understand the vegetation changing following peat fires in the sapric peat type at the land preparation using belong to the local community located in the

Pelalawan district, Riau province, Indonesia during the dry season in the year 2001. Before burning, logging, slashing, drying and burning the site was dominated by Uncaria glabrata at seedling stage, Ficus sundaica at sapling stage, Ficus sundaica at pole stage and Stenochlaena palustris at understorey. After logging, slashing and followed by 4 weeks drying then continued by burning with high flame temperature range from 900-1100oC, it had been found that 3-months following burning the site was dominated by Uncaria glabrata at

seedling stage and Nephrolepis flaccigera at understorey while 6-months following burning the site was dominated by Parastemon uruphyllus at seedling stage and Erechites valeriantifolia at understorey stage.

Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: peat fires, peat type, flame, natural regeneration, human.
Cryopreservation of dammar (Agathis damara Salisb.) seeds in liquid nitrogen
Authors: DJAMâ€™AN DHARMAWATI FERRY , PRIADI DODY , SUDARMANOWATI ENNY
Published: July 2014

Dammar (Agathis damara) seeds categorized as an intermediate seeds since their viability tend to decrease when subjected to storage more than 2 weeks conventionally. Storage period of seeds could be prolonged when the seeds cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen since the metabolism of the cells could be minimized without loss of viability. The objective of the study was to identify suitable vitritification method for dammar storage seeds. Seed water content was decreased gradually from initial water content (28.48% as a control) using desiccators and vacuum method. Vitrification solution (PVS2) containing glycerol 30%, ethylene glycol 15% and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 15% in 0.4M sucrose solution was used as a cryoprotectant of peeled or unpeeled dammar seeds during freezing process. The samples were soaked in PVS2 for 1 hour followed by exposure to liquid nitrogen in cryotube for 1 hour. The samples were then thawed in water bath at 28Â°C for 1 hour prior to germination in IPB-78 germinator with UDK and UKdDp germination methods. Results showed that the highest viability of cryopreserved dammar seeds (22.32% moisture content) was 100% obtained from those germinated with UKdDp method. A negative effect of cryoprotectant was occurred in both peeled and unpeeled seeds cryopreserved for 1 hour. However, it was effective for seeds cryopreserved for 4 weeks which indicate the possibility to preserve for a longer period in the future. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: dammar, Agathis damara, seeds, PVS2, crypreservation.
The effect of modified medium on the growth of Begonia imperialis and Begonia â€˜Bethlehem Starâ€™
Authors: PUTRI DYAN MEININGSASI SISWOYO
Published: July 2014

The aim of the research was to know the effect of modified medium on the growth of Begonia imperialis and Begonia â€˜Bethlehem Starâ€™. The design of the research used was Experimental by Factorial Cluster Random Sampling, by using types of media (I=soil (control); II=soil:sand:compost; III=soil:sand:â€™kompenitâ€™; IV=soil:sand:humus V=soil:sand:manure) and the material (B. imperialis and B. â€˜Bethlehem Starâ€™). Sampling time (three replicated) was chosen in-groups. Observed parameters were plants tall, root, the numbers of shoots and the environmental factors (temperature and humidity). Analysist of variant showed that â€˜kompenitâ€™ is the best medium to support on the propagation of B. imperialis and B. â€˜Bethlehem Starâ€™.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Begonia imperialis, Begonia â€˜Bethlehem Starâ€™, media, growth.
The effect of potassium and mycorrhiza on growth of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrew)
Authors: TIRTA I GEDE
Published: July 2014

The few and shallow roots caused slow growth of vanilla seedling. Mycorrhiza may increased the absorption of water and nutrients, while potassium may increased the rate of growth and strength of seedlings. This study was conducted at Sambangan Village, Buleleng, Bali in 2003 (April-Agustus 2003). The experiment was done in polybag and was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments were consisted of two factors. The first factor was the rates of KCl fertilizer ( 0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 or 0, 0,10 and 0,20 9 plant-1) and the second factor was the rates of mycorrhiza (0, 20 and 30 g plant-1). The aim of the research to study interactions between potassium and mycorrhiza and The optimum dosage the mycorrhiza on growth of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrew). The resultes showed that there were interactions between potassium and mycorrhiza on fresh weight of the new shoot, root length and fresh root weight. The optimum dosage of the mycorrhiza was 20 g plant-1 with new shoot fresh weight was 25.63 g plant-1. The longest root (24.67 cm plant-1) was observed at the treatment without potasium with 20 g plant-1 mycorrhiza and this was 23% longer than control (19.93 cm plant-1). The highest fresh root weight (2.48 g plant-1 ) was observed at the dosage of 200 kg KCl ha-1 and 20 g mycorrhiza plant-1 and that was 55% heavier than control (1.60 g plant-1). The leaf number of the plant with 20 g plant-1 mycorrhiza was 6.22 and that was 18% more than control with leaf number 5.25. The total fresh weight of the seedling with 20 g plant-1 mycorrhiza was 86.74 g plant-1or 15% higher compared with control (75.18 g plant-1). The dosage of 100 kg KCl ha-1 increased the K content of the plant (2.45%K) or 35% higher than control (1.81%K). Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Vanilla planifolia, growth, potassium, mycorrhiza.
The feeding location of three species herons Casmerodius albus, Egretta garzetta, and Bubulcus ibis in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Serang, Banten Province
Authors: ELFIDASARI DEWI
Published: July 2014

This research is to know feeding location for three species herons that lived in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve (CAPD), Serang, Banten Province. This research has been done at feeding area for the herons around Pulau Dua Nature Reserve. The data were taken from film shooting use Focal Observation Methods, while the film shooting analysed use Scan Sampling Methods. Result showed that Casmerodius albus and Egretta garzetta were using the mudflat, fisheries and rice-fields around CAPD as feeding location. Bubulcus ibis was using ricefield and grassland as feeding location. The preference for C. albus to feeding in mudflat was (Ï‡Â²=21691,29; db=2, Î±=0,01). E. garzetta have preference for feeding in fisheries (Ï‡Â²=18221,27; db=2, Î±=0,01) and the preference for B. ibis to feeding in grassland is (Ï‡Â²=27,57; db=1, Î±=0,01). The selections of feeding location for three species herons were depend on the specific preys for them. C. albus and E. garzetta were select fish as their food, and B. ibis choose insect and other small animals as his food. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: feeding, location, herons, mudflat, rice-field, grass-land, fisheries.
Toxicity of poison from spider Nephila sp. to AÃ«des aegypti L. larvae
Authors: SANJAYA YAYAN , SAFARIA TINA
Published: July 2014

A research about the toxicity of poison from spider Nephila sp. unto larvae of AÃ«des aegypti L. had been done. The objectives of this research were to get the information about the toxicity of poison from spider Nephila sp. into larvae A. aegypti. The experiment method of this research was using Randomized Complete Block Design. This experiment used all of four instars of A. aegypti larvae. The experiment of each instar had been done with six treatments of the lethal concentration from spiders poison. Those six treatments were 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Each treatment had four replications. The result of this research showed that poison from spider Nephila sp. is toxic unto the larvae of A. aegypti. The average of lethal concentration for the first instar is 13.11%, for the second instar is 28.16%, for the third instar is 41.46% and for the fourth instar is 63.09%. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: toxicity, lethal concentration (LC50), spider Nephila sp. and larvae of AÃ«des aegypti L.
Moulds identification and detection of aflatoxin B1 on commercial codiments fermented of shrimp
Authors: HANDAJANI NOOR SOESANTI , SETYANINGSIH RATNA
Published: July 2014

Indonesian tropical climate have an opportunity for fungi growth as Aspergillus flavus Link which can produce aflatoxin within foodstuffs, include condiment of fermented shrimp. Aflatoxin B1 is the dangerous agent having roles as carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. The aims of this research were known kinds of moulds and detection of aflatoxin B1 on commercial condiments fermented of shrimp. Two brands of commercial condiments fermented of shrimp were taken from traditional markets and supermarkets in Surakarta. Isolation was done by made suspension of sample in aquadets. Suspension on appropriate dilutions was grown on CDA (Czapekâ€™s Dox Agar) media withsurface spread. The grown colonies were separated and grown on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) slant media. Furthermore, isolates were cultured on CDA and MEA (Malt Extract Agar) media. The grown colonies were microscopes and microscopes examined and identified. Existence of aflatoxin B1 was known by Commercial RIDA Screen ELISA Kit that could detect qualitatively and quantitatively with detection sensitive < 1.7 ppb. Moulds that could be isolated from condiments fermented of shrimp were: Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger vanTieghem, Aspergillus wentii Wehmer, Aspergillus PU1 or Aspergillus PU2 and Penicillium citrinum Thom. There was aflatoxin B1 contaminated to 2 brands of commercial condiments fermented of shrimp that were examined. Traditional marketsâ€™ commercial condiments fermented of shrimp contained higher aflatoxin B1 than supermarketsâ€™. The brands of commercial condiment of fermented shrimp which hadbetter inner package quality contained lower aflatoxin B1 than the worst inner package quality of commercial condiments of fermented of shrimp.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: commercial condiments fermented of shrimp, moulds, aflatoxin B1
Isolation and Identification of mould inhabiting plant rizosphere in Gunung Mutis Natural Reserve, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: ILYAS MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2014

Indonesia as one of the megabiodiversity country has high biodiversity of plants, animals, and microbes. One of the microbeâ€™s biodiversity is mould inhabiting plant rhizosphere. Research and exploration on mould inhabiting plant rhizosphere in Gunung Mutis Natural Reserve, NTT has never been conducted before. The objective of the study was to isolate and identify mould inhabiting several horticulture and reforestation plants rhizosphere in Gunung Mutis Natural Reserve, NTT. The mould isolation method was based on direct inoculation. Theresult showed that eight moulds genera with several species variants had been isolated. The isolated moulds genera were; Aspergillus, Cephalosporium, Cunninghamella, Eupenicillium, Fusarium (2 species), Paecilomyces, Penicillium (5 species), and Trichoderma.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mould, rhizosphere, Gunung Mutis Natural Reserve, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), isolation, identification, direct innoculation
Cladistics of some rattans (Calamus spp.) from Central Sulawesi based on physical and mechanical characteristic of stems
Authors: TELLU ANDI TANRA
Published: July 2014

The research of the physical and mechanical characteristic of rattans stem of 10 species of the genus Calamus from Bancea Nature Reserve and Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi had been conducted. The aims of this research were to describe phylogenetic relationship of those species based on physical and mechanical characteristic with cladistic approach (cladogram). The research had been used descriptive method, i.e. specific gravity, parallel attracting firmness of fiber, firmness stress parallels of flex firmness, and fiber/static curve. It was reconciled with standard of ASTM D no 143-52 with a few which has modified. The data was analyzed by ANOVA. The resultindicated that the mechanical and physical characteristic of Calamus rattan can be made as distinguishing evidences. It can be compiled by a new classification in the form of cladistic (classification of numeric) as complement of previous classification.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: rattan, Calamus, cladistics, physic, mechanics.
Ferns in Sago Malintang Nature Reserve, West Sumatra and their acclimatization in Bogor Botanical Garden
Authors: HARTINI SRI
Published: July 2014

Sago Malintang Nature Reserve is one of conservation area in West Sumatra which have some potential plants. Ferns is one group which can be found ini this area, which several of them are attractive and useful. The aims of the research were to inventory ferns in Sago Malintang Nature Reserve and to know the acclimatization process of these species in Bogor Botanical Garden. The method used in this research were explorative method at the place and observation of the growth of living collections in Bogor Botanical Garden. The result showed that there were approximately 17 species of ferns in Sago Malintang Nature Reserve. Bogor Botanical Garden collected 11 species of them. The botanical information of each species is presented in this paper. The acclimatization process of these species in Bogor Botanical Garden has a good condition.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words : ferns, Sago Malintang Nature Reserve, acclimatization, Bogor Botanical Garden
The plant characters and corm production of taro as catch crop under the young rubber stands
Authors: DJUKRI DJUKRI
Published: July 2014

The research was aimed at revealing the chlorophyll content, leaf area (the plant characters), and the corm production of taro as catch crop under the young rubber stand. This research was conducted by means of Nested Design with nine replication. The intercropping planting used independent variables i.e. N0 (open condition), N1 (under the two-year-old young rubber), and N2 (under the three-year-old young rubber). The dependent variables were the chlorophyll content, leaf area, and production of the taro corm. The parameters investigated were the leaves area, the chlorophyll a and b content, the weight of fresh corm, the weight of dry corm, and the corm production per plots. The research result showed that the leaves area, and the chlorophyll a and b content significantly increased, while the weight of fresh corm, and the weight of dry corm significantly decreased (P<0.05). The fresh corm production per plots under the young rubber two- and threeyear- old were significantly decreased compared the control (P<0.05). The intercropping planting or catch crop showed that the taro corm production per plot decreased both of under two- and three-year-old young rubber shades, although the reduction of each clone was significantor not significant, so that tolerant clones could be conservedÂ© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Colocasia esculenta (L.)Schott, catch crop, plant characters, corm production
R E V I E W: Species definition of procaryotes based on 16S rRNA and protein coding genes sequence
Authors: PANGASTUTI ARTINI
Published: July 2014

Until now it is complicated for demarcating species of prokaryotes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence provide phylogenetic basis for classification. It has been widely accepted that more than 97% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence is a species definition for prokaryotes. However, this criterion can not correspond to real ecological unit, thus can not reveal the functional diversity in nature. The interaction with the environment is defined at the level of functional genes, not 16S rRNA gene. Protein-coding genes sequence can be expected to disclose much previously unknown ecological population of prokaryotes. These are the genes that determine the role of the species. Sequence similarity in multiple protein-coding genes is recommended as a primary criterion for demarcating taxa. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta Key words: species definition, 16S rRNA, procaryotes, systematics
Ligninolytic Activity of Ganoderma strains on Different Carbon Sources
Authors: ARTININGSIH TYPUK
Published: July 2014

Lignin is a phenylpropanoid polymers with only few carbon bonds might be hydrolized. Due to its complexity, lignin is particularly difficult to decompose. Ganoderma is one of white rot fungi capable of lignin degradation. The ligninolytic of several species Ganoderma growing under different carbon sources was studied under controlled conditions which P. chrysosporium was used as standard comparison. Three types of ligninolytic, namely LiP, MnP, and laccase were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Ratio between clear zone and diameter of fungal colony was used for measuring specific activity qualitatively. Four sspecies of Ganoderma showed positive ligninolytic qualitatively that G. lucidum KT2-32 gave the highest ligninolytic. Activity of LiP and MnP in different carbon sources was consistently resulted by G. lucidum KT2-32, while the highest activity of laccase was shown by G. ochrolaccatum SA2-14. Medium of Indulin AT affected production of protein extracellular and induced ligninolytic. Glucose, BMC, and pine sawdust did not affect the activity of ligninolytic. The specific activity of Ganoderma species was found to be higher than the one of P. chrysosporium.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: ligninolytic, Ganoderma, carbon sources
Biodiversity and Ecological Structure of Mangrove Mature in Coastal Area of Dumai District - Riau Province
Authors: PRIANTO EKO , JHONNERIE RHOMIE , FIRDAUS RAMSES , HIDAYAT TAUFIK , MISWADI MISWADI
Published: July 2014

This research in coastal area of Dumai has been completed in September untill Desember 2003. The aim of this research was to collect basic data of mangrove ecosystem which covered inventory of biodiversity and ecology structure by using primary and secondary data. Primary data of mangrove forest ecosystem has been collected by line transect method while secondary data was collected by study literature and previous study report. The result showed that there were 17 types of primary mangrove and 18 types of secondary mangrove. The main value indeks in every study area indicated that in the study area I and IV, Xylocarpus granatum had high value as 104,53 and 104,22 subsequently. In the study area II, III and V, Rhizophora apiculata had the high value which subsequently were 114,39, 108,81 and 110,19. There were two main extinct spesies of mangrove, which are Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae (Cingam/Perepat Lanang) and Sonneratia ovata (Kedabu), in which exceptional management is needed for sustainability of these species.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Biodiversity, Ecological Structure, Dumai District.
Uses of plants as medicine by Muna People, Sub District Wakarumba, District Muna, Province of SoutheastSulawesi
Authors: WINDADRI FLORENTINA INDAH , RAHAYU MULYATI , UJI TAHAN , RUSTIAMI HIMMAH
Published: July 2014

North Wakarumba is one of subdistrict lies in the north of Buton Island, close to North Buton Nature Reserve. More than one etnic live in this sub district such as Muna as the biggest ethnic. Muna people have unique behavior in the plant using and environment management including protecting forest and its surrounding area. Study on the plant usage as traditional medicinal plant has been done by interviewing local people. The result of the research was got 61 species of medicinal plants, where 6 species of them have never been published at the Index of Indonesian Medicinal Plants. Thirty-eight plants species could be found wildly and 16 of them occur in North Buton Nature Reserve areas. Bark of 10 species reported as after giving birth medicine. Grinding of Epipremnum pinnatum leaves could be used as wound medicine. Leaf of Terminalia catappa could be used as anti diarrhea.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: North Wakarumba, Muna ethnics, medicinal plant, Buton
Effect of Butanol Extract of Maturated Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Fruit on Liver Tissue of Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: SOEKSMANTO ARIF
Published: July 2014

Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl.) is a poisonous plant, but almost all parts of the plants can be used as a traditional medicine. Consuming the plant directly can cause swollen, sprue, numb at tongue, fever, even unconscious. Although the plant can conquere various diseases, from diabetes mellitus, hemorrhoid, impotency to cancer, but research on the plant is still limited. A research was conducted to find out effect of subchronic dosage of butanol extract of maturated mahkota dewa fruit. Observation was carried out on liver tissue which is main organ detoxifying poison in the body. Dosage of butanol extract of 0; 42,5; 85 and 170 mg/kg body weight was administered intra peritoneally to mice. The result showed that butanol extract of maturated mahkota dewa fruit did not affect liver tissue, although at dosage 170 mg/kg body weight, a vacuolization on liver's tissue, was occurred.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Phaleria macrocarpa, mahkota dewa, plant extract, mice, Mus musculus, liver, vacuolization
Macrozoobenthos Community at the Pond Culture Area in Malakosa Coastal, Parigi-Moutong, Central of Sulawesi
Authors: PONG-MASAK PETRUS RANI , PIRZAN ANDI MARSAMBUANA
Published: July 2014

The research have been conducted in the coastal area of Malakosa Parigi Moutong, Central of Sulawesi. The aimed of this research were to study the differences of community structure of macrozoobenthos and relationship among substrate (organic matter, sand, clay, silt, SO4 and Fe contents) with species number and biodiversity indices. Stratified random sampling in the soil conducted through grabbed the soil in the plots each size of 25x25x10 cm3 representatives station which including; the beach, mangrove, new pond close to the mangrove, the traditional pond, semiintensive pond with three replication respectively. Macrozoobenthos was preseved in 10% formalin solution and it identfication than counting of individual and species numbers, diversity, evenness and dominance indices. Water and soil qualities analyzes each station. Results showed that macrozoobenthos community in mangrove and the beach were better than the breakishwater pond which were pointed by diversity indices and species number. Macrozoobenthos community was under the influence of organic matter and SO4 contens in the soil, were increasing of organic matter and SO4 followed by decreasing of macrozoobenthos community in contrast with Fe content increase so macrozoobenthos community increase. Water and soil qualities in Malakosa coastal waters to support water organism life so that it areal suitable developed for aquaculture.Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: macrozoobenthos, structure, substrate, Coastal of Malakosa