bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Quinoa Seedlings Under Water and Salt Stress
Authors: Barbieri Geovana Facco , Stefanello Raquel , Menegaes Janine Farias , Munareto Janete Denardi , Nunes Ubirajara Russi
Published: August 2019

Excessive amounts of salts and soil water deficiency interfere on seed germination and the full development of several crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of water stress and salinity on the germination process and initial growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seedlings. In the first experiment, two quinoa seed lots with different physiological conditions were distributed on paper soaked in aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol PEG-6000 in osmotic potentials corresponding to 0.0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3 and -0.4 MPa and held at 20 °C under 8 hours of light exposition. In the second experiment, solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were used to simulate the effect of salinity using the osmotic potentials, temperature and light conditions previously described. Assessed parameters were the germination percentage, first count, length and dry mass of seedlings. There was a reduction in quinoa germination percentage, first seed count and seedling length as the osmotic potential decreased in CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 solutions. The quinoa seeds exhibited higher tolerance to NaCl and KCl salts in the germination process and initial seedling growth. The progressive reduction of the osmotic potential induced by salts NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 negatively affects seed germination and initial growth of quinoa seedlings.
Compatibility Test and Agronomic Performance of Coffee Genotypes (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Silva Douglas Revesse da , Silva Diogenes Revesse da , Damaceno João Batista Dias , Andrade Reginaldo Almeida , Domingues Cleiton Gonçalves , Silva Cleidson Alves da , Martins Jhonny Kelvin Dias , Traspadini Edilaine Istefani Franklin , Dubberstein Danielly , Dias Jairo Rafael Machado
Published: August 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of compatibility and agronomic performance in clonal genotypes of canephora coffee plants (Coffea canephora ex Froehner) for cultivation in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. The study was conducted with nine genotypes with three replications of Coffea canephora Arranged in the field: UFRO-60; UFRO-31; UFRO-61; UFRO-25; UFRO-03; UFRO-08; UFRO-21; UFRO-05 and UFRO-138 In adulthood and in two years of harvest (2013/2014 and 2014/2015). We evaluated: productivity, profitability, conversion index fruit cherry/grain benefited, mass of one hundred grains benefited, average diameter of the fruits, number of rosettes per branch, average distance between rosettes and number of fruits per rosette. Additionally, the degree of compatibility between the clones of clonal. The genotypes of Coffea canephora with the best agronomic performances evaluated for the edafoclimatic conditions of the State of Rondônia in this study were UFRO-08, UFRO-25, UFRO-03 and UFRO-138. According to the compatibility tests, the sequence of correct disposition in the field of Coffea canephora among the genotypes studied in this study are: UFRO-138; UFRO-31; UFRO-25; UFRO-08; UFRO-60; UFRO-21; UFRO-61; UFRO-03 and; UFRO-05. Close to 74% of the tests Were and self-pollination tests resulted in low fruiting, evidencing the characteristic of self-incompatibility.
Calcium Nitrate Priming Increases the Germination Rate of Eggplant Seeds
Authors: Salles Josiane S. , Lima Alexandre H. F. de , Binotti Flávio F. da S. , Costa Edilson , Binotti Eliana D. C. , Salles Jussara S. , Vieira Gustavo H. da C. , Souza Andreia F. G. O. de
Published: August 2019

The priming may promote greater expression of the physiological potential of the seeds and contribute to the germination process under adverse environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological potential of eggplant seeds primed with different chemical agents and exposed to adverse temperatures. Seeds were subjected to priming with five chemical agents [unprimed (control); water (hydropriming); calcium nitrate (0.2%); amino acid L-phenylalanine (0.05%); L-phenylalanine (0.05%) + calcium nitrate (0.2%)] and at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 41 ºC, considering a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (5 × 4) with four replicates. The first count of radicle emission and germination, final radicle emission, seed germination, radicle emission rate index, mean radicle emission time, and seedling dry mass were measured. Germination process of eggplant seeds was completely inhibited at 41 ºC, and the optimal temperature for seed germination is 25 ºC. Calcium nitrate priming potentiates the seed germination process, resulting in higher radicle emission rate index and higher germination rate. Low temperature (15 ºC) has greater interference in the germination rate of eggplant seeds when compared to high temperature (35 ºC).
Improving Small Weed Seeds Viability Assessment Using Tetrazolium Test
Authors: Anghinoni Fernanda B. G. , Braccini Alessandro L. , Anghinoni Guilherme , Jourdan Pablo , Braz Guilherme B. P. , Albrecht Alfredo J. P. , Junior Rubem S. de O.
Published: August 2019

Tetrazolium testing in small seeds demands difficult and longstanding procedures, such as the embryo exposure by seeds section and the seeds pre-preparation. This study aims to access the viability of small seeds using the Tetrazolium test (TZ) without seeds sectioning, resulting in quicker, cheaper and precise measurements. Non-sectioned seeds of Conyza sumatrensis, Bidens pilosa and Digitaria insularis were put in contact with the tetrazolium solution during 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 144, 216, 288, 360, 432 and 504 h to obtain the seeds coloring percentage in each time. When possible, the seeds coloring percentages were compared to seeds viability, obtained by the literature standard tetrazolium methodology (STZ), and with seeds germination. The proposed methodology (TZM) was cheaper and less laborious than the methodologies frequently used for weed seeds viability estimation, and provided rapid and reliable seeds viability estimations for weed species with small seeds within 24 h for Digitaria insularis and Bidens pilosa, and 48 h for Conyza sumatrensis.
Postharvest Quality of Yellow Pear Tomato Cultivated in Aquaponic System
Authors: Silva João Pedro R. da , Schoeninger Vanderleia , Oliveira Fabrício C. de , Jordan Rodrigo A. , Siqueira Valdiney C. , Martins Elton A. S. , Seno Leonardo O. , Hoscher Renata H. , Quequeto Wellytton D. , Mabasso Geraldo A.
Published: August 2019

The production of vegetables in aquaponic systems has high sustainability and conservation of natural resources, but studies that make their cultivation feasible under Brazilian conditions are still incipient. Given the influence that the cultivation system can cause on the postharvest characteristics of fruits and vegetables, this study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality of yellow pear tomato cultivated in an aquaponic system. Tomato plants were grown in a protected environment, in the experimental area of aquaponics of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, belonging to the Federal University of Grande Dourados. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme, with two factors: maturity stage at harvest and storage time. Three stages of fruit maturity (green, intermediate and ripe) and two storage times (zero and 35 days) were analyzed. Tomato samples were subjected to the analyses using the whole fruit, evaluated for mass loss, color and firmness, and the fruit pulp, evaluated for soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH and lycopene content. The fruits of yellow pear tomato cultivated in aquaponic system were in satisfactory conditions with respect to the postharvest parameters evaluated, indicating great potential to be cultivated on a commercial scale under Brazilian conditions. The parameters analyzed were similar or superior to the parameters of tomatoes grown in other cropping systems.
Germination and Seedling Growth of Genotypes Crambe abyssinica Submitted to Water Deficit
Authors: Braga Priscila C. S. , Martins João Paulo R. , Pacheco Mauro V. , Borges Railda M. , Bonomo Robson , Cassol Daniela , Falqueto Antelmo R.
Published: August 2019

Determining drought tolerance in plants is an increasingly important feature due to the reduction of water resources, since water stress is one of the main environmental factors that limit agricultural growth and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) genotypes submitted to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol during germination and early growth of seedlings. A randomized block experimental design was used in a factorial scheme consisting of five crambe genotypes (FMS Brilhante, FMS CR 1203, 1307, 1312 and 1326) and five levels of osmotic potential [0.0 (control), -0.2, -0.4, -0.5 and -0.6 MPa] in five replicates of 40 seeds. Germination rate (%), normal seedling development (%), germination speed index, root and shoot length, total fresh matter, and water content of seedlings (%) were analyzed. Physiological quality of seeds and initial development of crambe genotypes was improved in the group submitted to Ψw = -0.2 MPa. Germination and vigor index of crambe seeds were hampered by reduction of the potential to -0.4 MPa. The genotype FMS CR 1203 was the most tolerant to water stress, whereas FMS CR 1307 and 1312 were the most sensitive, as corroborated by PCA.
Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: Part I. Research Status of Rice False Smut
Authors: Huang Shiwen , Liu Lianmeng , Wang Ling , Hou Yuxuan
Published: August 2019

Since hybrid rice was planted, rice false smut (RFS) caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah has risen from a sporadic secondary disease to a major devastating and common disease, due to the changes in climatic conditions, cultivation system, fertilization and water management and cultivar replacement, and has become one of the new three major rice diseases in China. In addition to cause rice yield decrease and economic losses, RFS also causes toxic effects on humans and animals, due to the fact that the pathogen has color, produces toxins, affects rice appearance, and reduces rice quality. Therefore, RFS has attracted great attention from various governmental agencies, research institutions and scientists. More than 300 papers related to RFS composed over the past 100 years were reviewed. In this part, the occurrence, epidemiology of RFS, the relationship between occurrence sverity of RFS and yield loss, field distribution pattern and sampling method of RFS and disease severity classification were discussed.
Molla Sali vs Griekenland: het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens inzake sharia in Europa
Authors: Berger Maurits
Published: August 2019

Molla Sali vs Greece: the European Court for Human Rights on Sharia in Europe

The decision of the Court that Muslims from the Greek province of West Thrace can choose in matters of family law between civil or Islamic law, is not surprising. However, much can be said about the way in which the Court came to that conclusion. Because in doing so it uses principles and considerations that show a lack of insight in the status and functioning of a unique legal system, namely that of interpersonal law, or the coexistence on equal basis of several family laws. Similarly, the Court seems biased towards Islamic family law, which it consistently refers to as ‘sharia’. A critical discussion of this judgment is therefore appropriate.
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevi With Granular Cell Change
Authors: Eiger-Moscovich Maya , Eagle Ralph C. , Lally Sara E. , Shields Carol L. , Shields Jerry A. , Langer Paul D. , Sheehan Joseph , Milman Tatyana
Published: August 2019

Context.—

Granular cell change in melanocytic nevus is underrepresented in the literature with only 4 well-documented cases, 1 described in the conjunctiva. Unfamiliarity with the clinical and pathologic features of these lesions contributes to the diagnostic difficulty.

Objective.—

To delineate the clinical and histopathologic features of conjunctival nevi with granular cell change.

Design.—

In a retrospective observational case series, the medical records of all patients with conjunctival nevi and granular cell change diagnosed between December 2016 and October 2018 were reviewed. Data collected included age, sex, clinical presentation, pathologic findings, and follow-up.

Results.—

Twelve patients, 6 males and 6 females, with a median age of 14 years (range, 8–82 years) were identified. The nevus manifested as a pigmented, well-circumscribed nodule (7 of 9; 78%) or patch (2 of 9; 22%) in the bulbar and limbal conjunctiva (7 of 9; 78%) or in the plica semilunaris/caruncle (2 of 9; 22%). Cysts were noted in 7 of 9 lesions (78%). Features prompting surgical excision included atypical pigmentation (8 of 9; 89%), growth (7 of 9; 78%), and atypical vascularity (4 of 9; 44%). Microscopically, all lesions comprised a conventional melanocytic nevus with focal granular cell change and immunoreactivity for Melan-A, SOX10, and HMB-45, with Ki-67 proliferative index of less than 2%. Of the 9 lesions with follow-up information, there were no recurrences over mean follow-up of 11.2 months (range, 1–23 months).

Conclusions.—

Granular cell change in melanocytic nevi is an underrecognized finding that can simulate melanoma clinically and histopathologically. Young age at diagnosis, lack of associated conjunctival melanosis, bulbar location, cysts, and the absence of mitotic figures with a low Ki-67 proliferative index are helpful clinical and pathologic diagnostic clues.
Female Adnexal Tumor of Probable Wolffian Origin: A Review
Authors: Shalaby Akram , Shenoy Veena
Published: August 2019

Context.—

Female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) is an extremely rare gynecologic neoplasm of low malignant potential. Fewer than 90 cases of this entity have been described in the English-language literature. It is presumed to be derived from mesonephric (Wolffian) duct remnants in the upper female genital tract. We provide a literature review to increase awareness of this extremely uncommon entity.

Objectives.—

To review the clinical and pathologic findings of FATWO and to discuss common entities in the differential diagnosis.

Data Sources.—

The study involved PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland) searches, including multiple review articles, case reports, retrospective studies, selected book chapters, and University of Mississippi Medical Center cases.

Conclusions.—

FATWO can affect patients from a wide age range and present with a nonspecific clinical presentation. It typically presents as solid tumors with occasional nodular, lobulated, or cystic appearances. FATWO can show a variety of histologic patterns which may result in diagnostic difficulties for pathologists. There is no single specific immunohistochemical stain for FATWO, and the pathogenesis and molecular alterations are not yet well understood. Although it is generally considered a benign entity, recurrent and metastatic cases have been reported. There are no current recommendations regarding the optimal clinical management of FATWO.
Perspective of cognitive thinking and reflective teaching practice
Authors: Maksimović Jelena , Osmanović Jelena
Published: August 2019

The factor analysis was used to ascertain the factors reflecting the most important attitudes of the respondents concerning reflective thinking in the classroom: self-evaluation, feedback and recording, improvement and analysis of teaching materials, assessment, concepts and misconceptions, construction of knowledge, metacognition and permanent improvement. The results of this research showed statistically significant differences among the aforementioned factors concerning the cycle of education (elementary school teachers and middle school teachers) and work experience (0-5, 6-10; 11-20; over 20 years of experience). The differences were obtained by parametric statistics, calculated using the t test and ANOVA test, p<0.05.
PROTEIN STUDY FROM A BIOKINEMATIC PERSPECTIVE: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: DIEZ SANCHEZ MIKEL , PETUYA ARCOCHA VICTOR , HERNANDEZ FRIAS ALFONSO , URIZAR ARANA MONICA
Published: August 2019

Proteins are the macromolecules responsible for almost every function living organisms need to exist. These macromolecules, which resemble small mechanisms or robots, were discovered 200 years ago, and first seen in their functional form less than 60 years ago, and they represent one of the more challenging areas of study. Protein study is an incredibly rich and multidisciplinary field, as it needs to be studied from different areas such as biology, physics or engineering. Current research involves great challenges since we are far from understanding how does the interaction between atoms work and the actual technology limitations represent a big obstacle when trying to understand how these nature robots operate. In this paper, a brief state of the art of the methodologies aimed at the study of protein folding or molecular mechanism simulation is presented. The paper is specifically focussed on procedures closely related to engineering and mechanism and machine study, without forgetting some classic methodologies which help understanding the global state of the art.

Keywords: proteins, structure, biokinematics, mechanisms
CYBER SECURITY IN INFRASTRUCTURES. APPLICATION TO THE COMPONENTS OF A SMART GRID
Authors: RAMIREZ PRIETO DIONISIO , RAMIREZ PRIETO VALENTIN , VENKATARAMANAN GIRI
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, cybersecurity labs all around the world are trying to specify guidelines intended to improve the security in totally connected systems such as Smart Grids or autonomous vehicles.
Smart Grids came up from the necessity of coordinating generation devices and loads, mostly when the penetration of renewable energies is high. Given its nature, its proper operation relies in fast and secure communications. However, the fast growth of this type of infrastructure, perhaps did not allow paying enough attention to the requirements of security to assure an operation resistant to increasingly complex cyberattacks.
This paper addresses how to use the latest software and hardware technology to protect the generators and loads belonging a Smart Grid against cyber-attacks by using a secure layer based in digital identity and encryption.
The study has been carried out using a laboratory prototype including the latest cybersecurity technology integrated within a renewable power plant belonging a Smart Grid. Finally, advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed.

Key Words: Smart Grid, secure communications, cryptographic card, SSL, TLS
PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE INDUSTRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE BOTTLENECK IN "MAKE-TO-ORDER" MANUFACTURERS: A STRATEGIC OR AN OPERATIONAL DECISION?
Authors: LIZARRALDE AIASTUI AITOR , APAOLAZA PEREZ DE EULATE UNAI , MEDIAVILLA MIGUEL
Published: August 2019

Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) is a key element within the Theory-of-Constraints (TOC). It controls the launch of production orders to the system. Thus, the jobs are launched into the system according to the Bottleneck (Drum) schedule. Although the literature reflects the validity of the method when managing production, most of the works focus on analytical studies, neglecting empirical cases in make-to-order and versatile manufacturing plants. In this research, we present a systematic process to implement the first two steps of DBR. Based on a strategic perspective, we conclude that the resource that controls the launch of orders and the production rhythms must be decision of the Management.
ANALYZING THE CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
Authors: VELA  OXOLÓN ISAMAR APRIL , REQUEJO  MIREZ MARLY SADITH , CUBILLAS  COCHACHIN CAMILA GERALDINE , PÉREZ  MANTARI LILIAM KÁROL , ALFARO PAREDES EMIGDIO ANTONIO
Published: August 2019

The research problem of the study carried out was that no classifications of similar standards were found that consider the following criteria: scope, restrictions, interested parties, type of information and communication technology and type of organization, which allow guidance on the appropriate selection of these standards.
IMPROVED NEOCOGNITRON HANDWRITING RECOGNITION RATE BY MODIFYING THE FIRST LEVEL OF TRAINING
Authors: HUAROTE ZEGARRA RAUL EDUARDO , ROJAS ESCOBAR INDIRA ELIZABETH , LUJAN VEGA
Published: August 2019

Fukushima's neocognitron is characterized by its robustness as it is not affected by changes in position, size or distortion in input patterns and this model has a handwritten character recognition rate of 98.5%, among others as alphanumeric characters, fingerprints, geometric shapes, etc.
Educational Equality
Authors: Matson Laura
Published: August 2019

This article examines the impact of linguistic discrimination on learner’s academic performance in the context of teaching English as a second or foreign language (TESL/TEFL). Standard English ideology has permeated the education system in a way that affects many facets of English language teaching and learning. Three learner affective factors related to anxiety, motivation and self-confidence will be discussed to illustrate ways in which students are impacted by linguistic discrimination. In light of the evidence that linguistic discrimination is detrimental to learner’s academic performance, two methods will be discussed as ways in which linguistic discrimination can be mitigated. These methods, anti-racist education and plurilingualism, have been selected based on their potential to address linguistic discrimination at a more systemic level.
The $2$-Hessian and sextactic points on plane algebraic curves
Authors: Maugesten Paul Aleksander , Moe Torgunn Karoline
Published: August 2019

In an article from 1865, Arthur Cayley claims that given a plane algebraic curve there exists an associated $2$-Hessian curve that intersects it in its sextactic points. In this paper we fix an error in Cayley's calculations and provide the correct defining polynomial for the $2$-Hessian. In addition, we present a formula for the number of sextactic points on cuspidal curves and tie this formula to the $2$-Hessian. Lastly, we consider the special case of rational curves, where the sextactic points appear as zeros of the Wronski determinant of the 2nd Veronese embedding of the curve.
Grafit ve Ömrünü Tamamlamış Atık Lastikten Elde Edilen Karbon Siyahının İyileştirilmiş Hummers Yöntemi ile Oksidasyonu
Authors: ALP Recep Berk , DİLMAÇ Ömer Faruk , ŞİMŞEK Barış
Published: August 2019

Grafen
oksidin kimyasal sentezinde grafitin yüksek maliyeti nedeni ile kömür veya
karbon siyahı gibi düşük maliyetli alternatif karbon kaynakları üzerindeki
çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada, İyileştirilmiş Hummers yöntemi ile
grafit ve ömrünü tamamlamış atık lastikten piroliz ile karbon siyahının
oksidasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Grafen oksit (GO) ve okside karbon siyahının
(CBO) ürün özellikleri- yapısal kusurluluğu, karbon içeriği, özgül ısı
kapasitesi- belirlenmiş ve kıyaslanmıştır. Raman desenleri ile yapılan analiz
ile ömrünü tamamlamış atık lastikten piroliz ile elde edilen karbon siyahının,
nano boyutta ve yüksek saflıkta karbon siyahına (ID/IG=2,66) ve grafen okside
(ID/IG=1,40) karşın daha kusurlu bir yapıya sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir (ID/IG=5,65).
Buna karşın X-Ray Saçılım analizleri ile okside karbon siyahının grafen
tabakalarında düzeninin grafen okside göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Okside karbon siyahının atomik karbon içeriği 83,1% iken
grafen oksidin atomik
karbon içeriği 73,0% olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu
sonuçlar okside karbon siyahının daha yüksek karbon içeriğine sahip olduğu
görülmektedir. Çalışmadaki
dikkat çekici sonuçlardan biri okside edilen karbon tabanlı malzemelerin özgül
ısı değerleridir. Grafen oksidin, -40°C ve 50°C arasında ölçülen tüm özgül ısı
kapasitesi değerleri okside karbon siyahından yüksek olarak bulunmuştur.
İyileştirilmiş Hummers yönteminde grafit yerine karbon siyahının belli
miktarlarda kullanılmasının ürün özelliklerinin grafen oksitten çok uzaklaşmaması
için gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, okside karbon siyahının
grafen oksit ile su arıtma ve elektronik uygulamalar gibi potansiyel
endüstriyel uygulamalar bakımından kıyaslanması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Método fenotípico automatizado versus método manual na identificação de micro-organismos isolados de hemoculturas: desfechos clínicos e microbiológicos
Authors: Rodrigues Cássio Alexandre Oliveira , Araújo Gabriela Medeiros , Silveira Ivanaldo Amancio da , Martins Rand Randall
Published: August 2019

Introdução: A automação laboratorial é cada vez mais utilizada em microbiologia, no entanto, poucos estudos avaliam desfechos clínicos em comparação aos métodos tradicionais. No Brasil, nenhum estudo com esse objetivo foi detectado. Objetivo: Analisar os impactos clínicos e microbiológicos após implantação de método fenotípico automatizado em um serviço de microbiologia. Métodos: Realizamos estudo observacional e retrospectivo no laboratório de microbiologia referente a exame de hemocultura de pacientes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Os dados foram coletados de pacientes internados entre janeiro/2014 a dezembro/2015. Analisou-se o tempo de internação, número de terapias empíricas, óbitos e dados relacionados ao isolamento microbiológico. A amostra foi obtida por conveniência. Para a comparação entre os desfechos foram empregados os testes t de Student e Qui-quadrado de Pearson. O programa empregado foi o Stata release, versão 11, sendo considerados significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 472 pacientes. Não houve redução na prescrição empírica de antimicrobianos (54,7% vs 45,3%; p=0,33), tempo de internação na UTI (14,5 dias vs 15,8 dias p=0,78) e na taxa de óbitos (54,4% vs 45,6%; p=0,36). Similarmente, o perfil de agentes isolados em ambos os métodos não parece ser discrepante, no entanto, houve um aumento de 44,7% no número de isolados microbianos (76 vs 110) com melhor caracterização dos mesmos. Conclusão: A automação do laboratório de microbiologia não impactou no tempo de internação, mortalidade na UTI e no número de terapias empíricas. No entanto, a identificação e o isolamento de microrganismos melhoraram.
Landscape of participatory city makers
Authors: De Koning Jotte Ilbine Jozine Charlotte , Puerari Emma , Mulder Ingrid , Loorbach Derk
Published: August 2019

Today, citizens, professionals, civil servants, social enterprises, and others form different types of coalitions to overcome the challenges facing our modern cities. In this paper, the particularities of these types of groups are characterised and categorised into ten different types of city makers. Generally, these types of city makers bring value to cities, but we conclude that this value could be enriched through more participatory approaches that stimulate crossovers and accelerate the transition towards sustainable futures. Therefore, we characterise the different identified types as potential ‘participatory’ city makers. However, these participatory approaches and the networks between them still need to be developed, while improving conditions and dynamics that can enable and enhance innovation in urban environments. Design and systems thinking could contribute valuable methods and perspectives to the development of these participatory and systemic approaches. Finally, the categorisation presented in this paper must enable a better understanding of the transformative capacity of these different types of city makers, necessary for flourishing and sustainable communities.
Expansion of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) in east Asia during the non-breeding period
Authors: Gao Linqiang , Mi Chunrong , Guo Yumin
Published: August 2019

Aim

Historically, the distribution of Sandhill Cranes included much of North America and extending in summer into northeast Russia. In recent years, observations of sandhill cranes in Asia during the non-breeding period have been frequently reported. However, the distribution and abundance of sandhill cranes during the non-breeding period in Asia have rarely been summarized and studied. Our study aimed to analyze the status of sandhill cranes that have spread south into East Asia during the non-breeding period and to assess the possible impacts of their potential spread.

Methods

Based on opportunistic data collected in the field and occurrence data collected online over the past half century, we used Geographic Information System to visualize the spatial distribution changes and regression analysis to analyze and visualize the changes in the amount of individuals over time.

Results

In the last 50 years, the distribution of sandhill cranes during the non-breeding season in Asia spanned 31 degrees in longitude to the west and 15 degrees in latitude to the south. Their distribution in Asia has expanded to 17 provinces and municipalities in China, Japan and South Korea. The amount of cranes in the non-breeding period in Asia increased significantly from 1963 to 2017. According to the historical records in East Asia, sandhill cranes were mixed with five other species of crane groups.

Main conclusions

These results indicate that the range and amount of sandhill cranes have expanded. Sandhill cranes were mixed with five other crane species, which indicate their adaptability to a range of habitat types and food resources. The implications of these trends in sandhill cranes in East Asia for this and other crane species warrants further research.
Time Utilization Pattern and Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) among Poultry Value Chain in Thane District of Maharashtra
Authors: Pawara Ashwini , Bhanotra Adhiti , Sawant Manish , Ghatare Akshay , Sonawane Nikita
Published: August 2019

A study was conducted on 120 poultry farm women in the Thane district of Maharashtra to study time utilization and Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis among Farm Women in poultry farming. Farm women having a minimum of 2 poultry birds with 1 to 3 years of experience were selected. Data were collected personally with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule and analyzed with the help of the equidistance method and Garrett ranking.0020Farm women used to spend minimal time on poultry farming activities along with their regular activities as Poultry is very easy to rear and manage in the backyard of the home without any specific inputs on feeding and additionally, it is the cheapest source of protein. Further, lack of micro-finance facilities was limited which lowered the development of poultry activities including constructing sheds, buying breed specific birds, quality and balanced feeds. The majority of the farm women used to spend 1 to 5 mins/day in water management, collection of eggs and daily checking of their birds. Easy to read and manage, mortality due to poor health care and management practices, source of self-employment and additional livelihood and attack by predators was perceived as strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats respectively by the poultry farm women.
Non-surgical Management of Large Periapical Lesions with the Agreement Evaluation of the Methods
Authors: Lakmali B. G. M. , Nawarathna Lakshika S. , Fonseka M. C. N.
Published: August 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the agreement between three routinely used non-surgical management techniques for large periapical lesions namely the treatments with Calcium hydroxide, Mineralo-Trioxide Aggregate and Bio-dentine.

Methods: Data was collected from 60 patients at the Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya. The variables age, gender and area of the infected                 region before and after the treatment and the treatment type were considered. Two homoscedastic               and heteroscedastic Mixed-effects models were fitted and the agreement between three                     treatments were assessed using Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) and Total Deviation Index (TDI).

Results: CCC value calculated for treatment types 1 & 2, 1 & 3 and 2 & 3 are (0.905, 0.909, 0.874) for homoscedastic model and (0.989, 0.990, 0.975) for heteroscedastic model. Further, corresponding TDI values for homoscedastic and heteroscedastic models are (3.148, 4.390, 1.647) and (2.963, 4.388, 1.457) respectively.

Conclusions: Since all the CCC values are close to 1 and TDI values are low, there is a strong agreement between all three treatments and hence they be used interchangeably. Moreover, the agreement between Treatments with Calcium hydroxide and Bio-dentine is higher compared to the agreements between the other treatments. (i.e., Calcium hydroxide with Mineralo-Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine with Mineralo-Trioxide Aggregate).
Physico-chemical Characterization of Wastewaters Discharged into Songolo River at Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo
Authors: Mbemba K. M. , Koutouma B. D. , Ouamba J. M.
Published: August 2019

Songolo River receives daily domestic and industrial wastewaters from households, laboratories, small and medium size industries (SMEs) and the Loandjili hospital, which are discharged directly into it without prior treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the physico- chemical quality of wastewaters discharged into the Songolo River at Pointe-Noire in Republic of Congo. To do this, 56 wastewater samples were taken. Physicochemical analyzes as temperature, pH, electronical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride ions, nitrate ions and total hydrocarbons, were      carried out on wastewaters. These analyzes showed that in terms of time, during wet periods (April to June), the values of the physico-chemical parameters (conductivity, total dissolved solids, chlorides ions, nitrates ions and total hydrocarbons) are the lowest due to the dilution phenomenon brought by the rains. On the other hand, the beginning of the dry season (July) is marked by much higher levels. The results of physico-chemical analyzes of these effluents also revealed that conductivity, total dissolved solids and total hydrocarbons often have values higher than those recommended by the WHO standard for wastewaters intended for release into the natural environment.
Household Food Insecurity and Associated Dietary and Socio-economic Factors among Pregnant Women of Mid-west Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Israt , Mahbub Fardib , Ahmed Eyad
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of household food insecurity and to determine the dietary and non-dietary factors associated with household food insecurity among pregnant women of mid-west Bangladesh.

Methodology: The study was conducted in four sub-districts of Rajshahi district: Rajshahi Sadar, Godagari, Tanor and Shardah. It was a cross-sectional study which randomly enrolled 150 pregnant women. Household food insecurity among the respondents was calculated with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS).

Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 29±3 years. About 76% of respondents were food secure, 23% of respondents were mildly food insecure, and only 1% of respondents were moderately food insecure. Severe food insecurity was not observed among the respondents in Rajshahi. About 17% of respondents were anxious and uncertain about their household food supply, about 23% of respondents said that they had to eat foods of insufficient quality and only 1% of respondents replied that they had eaten an insufficient amount of food during the month prior to the study. It was observed that the mean Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and mean Food Consumption Score (FCS) significantly differed (P < .05) between food secure and food insecure respondents. Meat, fish and poultry consumption were found higher among the food secure respondents but vegetable consumption was higher among the food insecure group. Some socio-economic factors such as household size, respondents’ educational status, husbands’ educational status, husbands’ occupation and monthly household income were significantly associated (P < .05) with household food insecurity of the respondents.
Trends in Epidemiology, Susceptibility Pattern and Serotypes of Salmonellae at a Tertiary Care Hospital, India: An Eight-Year Study (2011 – 2018)
Authors: Mudshingkar Swati , Palewar Meghna , Kongre Vaishali , Kagal Anju , Bhardwaj Renu , Karyakarte Rajesh
Published: August 2019

Background: Enteric fever is a global disease. In India, Enteric fever is endemic with Salmonella enterica serovar typhi being the predominant etiological agent. Due to changing antimicrobial resistance patterns, knowledge of local epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance pattern helps in the initiation of appropriate empiric therapy.

Methodology: A prospective study on Salmonellae isolated from blood and stool specimens over an 8 year period was conducted. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done as per The Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Serotyping was done by using commercial antisera and later confirmed at Central Research Institute, Kasauli.

Results: Out of 52 salmonellae, 43 (82.6%) were from blood and 8 (15.3%) from stool and 1 (1.9%) from pus specimen. We observed a change in spectrum and susceptibility pattern of salmonellae the 8 year study period. In 2011, 2013, 2016 and 2018, Salmonella typhi (serotype-9,12,vi:d:-) was the predominant etiological agent accounting for 81.8% , 66.6%, 51% and 80% of the total cases of salmonella respectively. Salmonella Paratyphi B (4,12:b:1,2) was predominant in 2012 (100% of cases). Salmonella Serotype Typhimurium (4,12;i:1,2) was predominant in 2014 (50%) while Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi B contributed equally to infections in 2015 (40% each). From 2011, Non-typhoidal salmonellae (NTS) steadily increased. 19 (36.6%).The most effective antimicrobials against typhoidal salmonellae were chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and co-trimoxazole with all most 100% sensitivity from 2011 to 2018. Ciprofloxacin maintained good sensitivity in 2013, 2014 and 2015, 2016 and 2018 but ampicillin was ineffective in our set-up.

Conclusions: Due to changing trends in spectrum and sensitivity of salmonellae, continuous monitoring is essential.
Proteins required for vacuolar function are targets of lysine polyphosphorylation in yeast
Authors: McCarthy Liam , Bentley‐DeSousa Amanda , Denoncourt Alix , Tseng Yi‐Chieh , Gabriel Matthew , Downey Michael
Published: August 2019

Polyphosphates (polyP) are long chains of inorganic phosphates that can be attached to lysine residues of target proteins as a nonenzymatic post‐translational modification. This modification, termed polyphosphorylation, may be particularly prevalent in bacterial and fungal species that synthesize large quantities of polyP. In this study, we evaluated the polyphosphorylation status of over 200 candidate targets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report eight new polyphosphorylated proteins that interact genetically and physically with previous targets implicated in ribosome biogenesis. The expanded target network includes vacuolar proteins Prb1 and Apl5, whose modification with polyP suggests a model for feedback regulation of polyP synthesis, while raising questions regarding the location of polyphosphorylation in vivo.
On the Heterogeneity of Local Shear Strain Induced by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhou Hao , Cao Yang , Nie Jinfeng , Li Yusheng , Zhao Yonghao , Kawasaki Megumi , Langdon Terence G. , Zhu Yuntian
Published: August 2019

A ductile duplex stainless steel consisting of a ferrite phase and an austenitic phase is chosen as a model material to investigate the development of shear strain patterns under high‐pressure torsion. Systematic analysis on the macroscopic and microscopic heterogeneities of local shear strain reveals that complex shear patterns can be developed only above a high strain level where the grain sizes are already refined to a steady state. It is concluded that grain boundary‐mediated deformation mechanisms provide sufficient freedom for reshaping the austenite phase domains, and thus the intrinsic factor required for the formation of these complicated shear patterns is well‐developed ultrafine grains and/or nanograins.
Effect of Wavy Profile on the Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Al/Ti/Al Composites Prepared by Rolling Bonding: Experiments and Finite Element Simulations
Authors: Chen Wenhuan , He Weijun , Chen Zejun , Zhou Zheng , Liu Qing
Published: August 2019

The bonding interface plays an important role in the mechanical properties of laminated metal composites (LMCs). Compared with a straight interface, larger bonding area is achieved by a wavy interface, which provides higher debonding resistance for a given bonding strength. Herein, Al/Ti/Al LMCs with straight and wavy bonding interfaces are fabricated using Ti strips with initial straight and wavy profiles. The mechanical properties are investigated with in‐plane uniaxial tension tests. Microstructures in the region of the interface before and after tension are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Finite element simulations of the rolling‐bonding process and tension are conducted to investigate the effect of the wavy profile on the fabrication and mechanical properties of Al/Ti/Al LMCs. Compared with an initial straight profile, Al and wavy Ti strips are successfully bonded at a lower rolling reduction because of the larger local strain and higher local contact stress. Wavy interfaces between the Al and Ti layers are formed. Similar strength and ductility are obtained for Al/Ti/Al LMCs with straight and wavy interfaces when a proper rolling reduction and annealing are applied.
Investigation of the Growth Kinetics of SiC Crystals during Physical Vapor Transport Growth by the Application of In Situ 3D Computed Tomography Visualization
Authors: Arzig Matthias , Salamon Michael , Uhlmann Norman , Wellmann Peter J.
Published: August 2019

Computed tomography using X‐rays is applied during the bulk growth of silicon carbide (SiC) to investigate growth kinetics in situ during the physical vapor transport process. In addition to the standard SiC source material, in particular, a pure solid source SiC block is used. It is found that the growth rate is lowered as the sublimation of gaseous species is limited to the top part of the solid source. The morphological changes in the source area during growth differ significantly compared with the process when conventional powder is used. The formation of multiple growth centers on the surface of the seed is monitored in situ with a computed tomography system. In a series of experiments, the influence of the supersaturation on the growth is examined. The in situ computed tomography shows that the curvature of the growth interface is stronger influenced by the thermal field at higher pressures. A high supersaturation leads to the formation of rather smooth surface morphologies, whereas the formation of large steps on the surface is induced at lower supersaturations.
A Wearable Sensory Textile‐Based Clutch with High Blocking Force
Authors: Sadeghi Ali , Mondini Alessio , Totaro Massimo , Mazzolai Barbara , Beccai Lucia
Published: August 2019

A sensory textile‐based clutch (STBC) activated by vacuum is presented. The STBC is an assembly of two inextensible webbings equipped with 2.3 mm wide rigid bumps fabricated directly on them by a hot embossing technique, and two elastic bands, all air sealed by a silicone elastomer cover. While, in passive mode, the clutch provides low resistance to elongation, upon vacuum, the specular rigid bumps interlock and provide a high withstanding force. The embedded capacitive‐based transducer allows encoding the clutch's elongation, with a position resolution reaching 1.15 mm, owing to a real‐time processing algorithm. The STBC (140 mm × 30 mm × 8 mm) sustains up to 419 N force with an activation pressure of −0.5 atm. The small size of the rigid components and a priming strategy (keeping the pressure at −0.01 atm in disengaged mode) enable response times down to 14 ms for a 115 N blocking force. A preliminary demonstration of a fully worn device shows the potential of the STBC approach for enabling the control of the engagement and disengagement of blocking forces, as well as monitoring of typical parameters of human movement such as knee bending angles, for future developments of light and efficient unpowered exoskeletons.
Origin of Current‐Controlled Negative Differential Resistance Modes and the Emergence of Composite Characteristics with High Complexity
Authors: Li Shuai , Liu Xinjun , Nandi Sanjoy Kumar , Nath Shimul Kanti , Elliman Robert Glen
Published: August 2019

Current‐controlled negative differential resistance has significant potential as a fundamental building block in brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing. However, achieving the desired negative differential resistance characteristics, which is crucial for practical implementation, remains challenging due to a lack of consensus on the underlying mechanism and design criteria. Here, a material‐independent model of current‐controlled negative differential resistance is reported to explain a broad range of characteristics, including the origin of the discontinuous snap‐back response observed in many transition metal oxides. This is achieved by explicitly accounting for a non‐uniform current distribution in the oxide film and its impact on the effective circuit of the device rather than a material‐specific phase transition. The predictions of the model are then compared with experimental observations to show that the continuous S‐type and discontinuous snap‐back characteristics serve as fundamental building blocks for composite behavior with higher complexity. Finally, the potential of our approach is demonstrated for predicting and engineering unconventional compound behavior with novel functionality for emerging electronic and neuromorphic computing applications.
Biocatalytic Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Artificial Cells
Authors: Liu Jian , Guo Ziyi , Liang Kang
Published: August 2019

Artificial cells or cell mimics have drawn significant attention in cell biology and material science in the last decade and its development will provide a powerful toolbox for studying the origin of life and pave the way for novel biomedical applications. Artificial cells and their subcompartments are typically constructed from a semipermeable membrane composed of liposomes, polymersomes, hydrogels, or simply aqueous droplets enclosing bioactive molecules to perform cellular‐mimicking activities such as compartmentalization, communication, metabolism, or reproduction. Despite the rapid progress, concerns regarding their physical stability (e.g., thermal or mechanical) and tunability in membrane permeability have significantly hindered artificial cells systems in real‐life applications. In addition, developing a facile and versatile system that can mimic multiple cellular tasks is advantageous. Here, an ultrastable, multifunctional and stimulus‐responsive artificial cell system is reported. Constructed from metal‐phenolic network membranes enclosing enzyme‐containing metal‐organic frameworks as organelles, the bionic cell system can mimic multiple cellular tasks including molecular transport regulation, cell metabolism, communication and programmed degradation, and significantly extends its stability range across various chemical and physical conditions. It is believed that the development of such responsive cell mimics will have significant potentials for studying cellular reactions and have future applications in biosensing and drug delivery.