bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF DERMATOPHILUS BACTERIA FROM THE SKIN LESIONS OF CATTLE
Authors: Mannan MA , Khan MSR , Rahman MM , Begum F , Uddin MZ
Published: November 2011

The study was conducted to isolate the Dermatophilus species from the skin disease of cattle in and around BAU campus during the period from May 2008 to April 2009. A total of 105 skin diseased cattle head were examined where 68 were male and 37 were female ranging from 1 month to12 years of ages. 11 (10.476%) patients were found to have typical lesions of Bovine Dermatophilosis. The rural household farm, young, male and the indigenous cattle were more susceptible. The Dermatophilus species were found Gram positive, branching and filamentous typical form of mycelial elements in Giemsa's staining. It was less visible in Gram's staining. The isolated agents produced only acid from dextrose but did not produce acid and gas from lactose, mannitol, maltose and sucrose. The catalase and the urease test were positive but indole test was negative. β-hemolysis also appeared in early stage on blood agar. The isolated agents were more sensitive to Amoxicillin (70%) followed by Ampicillin (60%) and Cephalexin (60%). Kanamycin (10%) and Ciprofloxacin (10%) was the lowest sensitive to it.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT REGIMES FOR MANAGEMENT OF MYIASIS IN CATTLE
Authors: Rahman MA , Hossain MA , Alam MR
Published: November 2011

Therapeutic effects of three different treatment regimes on the healing of myiasis wound in cattle were evaluated in the present study. The study was conducted in 15 myiasis affected cattle brought to the Veterinary Clinic, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Dressing with oil of turpentine on alternate days and intramuscular administration of combined penicillin (procaine penicillin 300000 units and benzyl penicillin sodium 100000 units/50 kg body weight) and streptomycin (0.5 g/50 kg body weight) daily for 7 days resulted healing of 96% wound depth and 94% wound area. Another treatment regime consisted of subcutaneous administration of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and combined penicillin and streptomycin daily for 7 days which produced recovery of 94% wound depth and 90% wound area. In case of wound dressing with tincture of iodine on alternate days and parenteral administration of combined penicillin and streptomycin resulted in healing of 78% wound depth and 36% wound area. Myiasis wounds were very prone to occur in the navel, vulva, scrotum and shoulder area. These wounds predominantly occur in the cattle of over 2 years. The females were more frequently affected than the males. The present study suggests that, local dressing of wound with oil of turpentine and intramuscular administration of combined penicillin and streptomycin may be practiced for the clinical management of myiasis in cattle.
EFFECTS OF FEEDING PALM OIL AND SOYBEAN OIL ON BODY WEIGHT AND BLOOD CHOLESTEROL IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS
Authors: Islam MK , Chowdhury MMR , Islam MM , Hoque MN , Rahman MM
Published: November 2011

A study was conducted to investigate the role of dietary fatty acids (such as palm oil and soybean oil) on body weight and the level of serum cholesterol in goat in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Three equal groups of goats were structured as control (n = 5), palm oil (n = 5) and soybean oil (n = 5) group and fed with normal feed, palm oil (@ 25g)and soybean oil (@ 25g) mixed feed twice a week for 2 months respectively. It was observed that the serum cholesterol of palm oil and soybean oil treated groups decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the advancement of experimental period. The growth performance was not significantly affected by these fatty acids. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and tissues from stomach and intestine were examined grossly and histologically in all groups. There were no lesions in the tissues of the animals fed on either palm oil or soybean oil.
COMPARATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY OF BIOTYPHOID® AND DLS PREPARED FOWL TYPHOID VACCINE IN LAYER CHICKENS
Authors: Ferdous J , Khan MSR , Begum F , Hassan J , Sarker B
Published: November 2011

The experiment was conducted to investigate the immunogenicity of DLS prepared Fowl typhoid vaccine in comparison to commercially available BIO-TYPHOID® (Imported by Advance Animal Science Co. Ltd., Bangladesh) in layer chickens. To compare the immunogenicity of these two vaccines a total of 30 chickens were divided into three groups (group A, B and C) each including 10 layer chickens of Fayoumi breed. Chickens of group A and B were vaccinated with DLS prepared fowl typhoid vaccine and BIO-TYPHOID® respectively following usual schedule of vaccination (i.e. first dose at 42 days of age and second dose at 72 and 112 days for DLS prepared fowl typhoid vaccine and BIO-TYPHOID® respectively) with a dose of 0.5 ml at each occasion through SC route. Birds of group C were kept as unvaccinated control. Blood samples were collected to obtain sera from each chicken at every 7 days interval up to 105 days post vaccination for determination of antibody titre following primary and secondary vaccination using Microplate Agglutination test. Highest mean antibody titres obtained from Group A and B which were 460.80 and 409.60 respectively. Among the chickens vaccinated the highest mean antibody titre of 460.80 was obtained at 56 days post vaccination from chickens in group A vaccinated with DLS prepared Fowl typhoid vaccine. Results of this study revealed that DLS prepared fowl typhoid vaccine induced higher antibody production than BIO-TYPHOID®. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.7394 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 01-04
HOST DETERMINANTS BASED COMPARATIVE PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CROSS COWS AND RED CHITTAGONG COWS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rabbani AFMG , Samad MA
Published: November 2011

A comparative prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) based on host risk factors was studied by using California Mastitis Test (CMT) in 96 Holstein-Friesian cross cows (HFCC) of Abu Baker Dairy Farm at Pansha Upazilla in Rajbari district and 20 Red Chittagong cows (RCC) of Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh during the period from January to June 2008. Out of the 116 lactating cows examined, 51 (43.97%) showed positive reactivity to CMT. Similar prevalence rate of SCM was recorded in both the HFCC (43.75%) and RCC (45.0%). The overall prevalence of SCM on the basis of lactation stages showed that all the three lactation stages had SCM but there was a tendency to increase its prevalence rates from early (30.43%), mid (32.26%) to late (69.23%) stages. The highest prevalence of SCM was recorded at late lactation stage in both the HFCC (68.75%) and RCC (71.43%) in comparison to their respective mid and early lactation stages. The parity-wise prevalence of SCM was recorded as 18.42%, 55.0%, 66.67%, 75.0% and 75.0% in HFCC whereas, it was 20.0%, 20.0%, 66.67%, 75.0% and 66.67% in RCC at their 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th parity, respectively. This study recorded a relationship between the increased prevalence of SCM with decreased of milk production in both the groups of lactating cows. The respective prevalence of SCM at high, medium and low level of milk production in HFC (14.29%, 33.33% and 70.59%) and RCC (14.29%, 50.00% and 71.42%) were found significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with milk production. An overall 19.18% quarters was affected with SCM, of which 4.31%, 7.33% and 7.38% showed mild, moderate and severe reaction to CMT. However, comparatively, higher percentage of quarter infection was recorded in HFCC (20.31%) than RCC (13.75%). It may be concluded from these observations that both the HFCC and RCC should be monitored by using CMT for the detection of SCM in order to provide rational treatment and control it to make the dairy farming profitable. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.7397 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 17-21
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFLORA FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY CAGED PARROTS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Akhter J , Hossain MT , Islam MT , Siddique MP , Islam MA
Published: November 2011

The research work was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora from apparently healthy caged parrots. A total of 45 samples (oral swabs, cloacal swabs and feces) were collected from five types of caged parrots (Gray cockatiels, Rose ringed parakeet, Alexandriane parakeet, Red breast parakeet and Blossom headed parakeet) of Dhaka Zoo during the period from April to August 2009. The samples were cultured on different bacteriological media and the bacteria were identified by their cultural and biochemical properties. All the isolates were allowed for antibiogram study. The bacteria isolated in this study from different types of caged parrots were E. coli (64.44%), Salmonella spp. (46.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (46.67%), Pasteurella spp. (33.33%), Proteus spp. (6.67%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The frequency of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in this study. The percentage of bacterial isolates recovered from each type of parrots was almost similar. Irrespective of types of parrots, the higher percentage of different bacteria was isolated from cloacal swab (77.78%) followed by feces (75.56%). The 68.89% isolates were recovered from oral swab. All the suspected isolates of Salmonella spp. were confirmed by slide agglutination test using Salmonella polyvalent ‘O’ antiserum. Among the 21 Salmonella spp. isolated in this study, 4 (19.05%) isolates were identified as S. Pullorum when tested with specific antisera against S. Pullorum. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that ampicillin and amoxicillin were completely resistant to E. coli and Pasteurella spp.; ampicillin to Proteus spp.; and furazolidone to Salmonella spp. and Pasteurella spp. However, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, ciprofloxacin was found to be consistently highly sensitive to all the bacterial isolates. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 05-10
EFFECTS OF SELENIUM AND VITAMIN B6 WITH THEIR COMBINATION IN LEAD ACETATE INDUCED TOXICITIES IN LONG EVANS RATS
Authors: Ali MA , Awal MA , Mostofa M , Islam MA , Ghosh A
Published: November 2011

The experiment was performed on 75 long Evans male rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing about 145 -170 gm, maintained under standard laboratory condition on pellet diet and drinking water ad libitum. All the rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Each group comprised of fifteen (15) rats and were marked as group A, B, C, D and E. Group A without treatment, group B lead acetate alone @ 20 mg/kg b.wt., group C lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg b.wt. plus sodium selenite 5 ml (from a stock solution 1.5 mg diluted in 1 litre distilled water), group D lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg b.wt. plus vitamin B6 45 mg/kg b.wt., group E lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg. b.wt. plus sodium selenite 5 ml (from a stock solution 1.5 mg diluted in 1 litre distilled water) plus vitamin B6 45 mg/kg b.wt. All treatments were given once daily for 28 consecutive days. In the present study, the effect of sodium selenite and vitamin B6 in lead induced toxicities in rats were observed. Toxic signs and body weight change, haematological parameters like Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), hemoglobin content (Hb%) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), biochemical parameters such as Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase SGPT/ALT, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT/AST) and postmortem changes in rats were investigated. Rats treated with lead acetate showed severe toxic signs and significantly (p< 0.01) reduced TEC, TLC, Hb% and PCV. Significant (p< 0.01) elevation of SGPT and SGOT were also found. But rats treated with lead acetate along with sodium selenite and vitamin B6 showed almost normal levels of haematological and biochemical parameters. Lead acetate produces congestion and necrosis in liver, spleen and kidney, whereas simultaneous use of lead acetate, sodium selenite and vitamin B6 recovered the condition. From this experiment it is revealed that combine use of sodium selenite and vitamin B6 is highly protective against lead toxicity. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8352 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 63-73
Skinner, Wittgenstein and Historical Method
Authors: Havercroft Jonathan
Published: November 2011

In a recent criticism of Quentin Skinner's historical method Peter Steinberger has drawn upon linguistic analytic philosophy to argue that intellectual history should focus on the reconstruction of logical propositions rather than the contextualization of author's statements. This essay will argue that Steinberger reproduces many of the same types of methodological problems that prompted Skinner's initial critique of intellectual history in the 1960s. I will draw upon the linguistic philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein to demonstrate that Steinberger's conception of intellectual history as the reconstruction of the logical content of statements fundamentally misunderstands what political philosophy is – and by extension the methods of historical interpretation.
Embodiment Analysis for Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Chinese Economy Based on Global Thermodynamic Potentials
Authors: Zhang Bo , Peng Suping , Xu Xiangyang , Wang Lijie
Published: November 2011

This paper considers the Global Thermodynamic Potential (GTP) indicator to perform a unified assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and to systematically reveal the emission embodiment in the production, consumption, and international trade of the Chinese economy in 2007 as the most recent year available with input-output table and updated inventory data. The results show that the estimated total direct GHG emissions by the Chinese economy in 2007 amount to 10,657.5 Mt CO2-eq by the GTPs with 40.6% from CH4 emissions in magnitude of the same importance as CO2 emissions. The five sectors of Electric Power/Steam and Hot Water Production and Supply, Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals, Nonmetal Mineral Products, Agriculture, and Coal Mining and Dressing, are responsible for 83.3% of the total GHG emissions with different emission structures. The demands of coal and coal-electricity determine the structure of emission embodiment to an essential extent. The Construction sector holds the top GHG emissions embodied in both domestic production and domestic consumption. The GHG emission embodied in gross capital formation is more than those in other components of final demand characterized by extensive investment and limited household consumption. China is a net exporter of embodied GHG emissions, with a remarkable share of direct emission induced by international trade, such as textile products, industrial raw materials, and primary machinery and equipment products exports. The fractions of CH4 in the component of embodied GHG emissions in the final demand are much greater than those fractions calculated by the Global Warming Potentials, which highlight the importance of CH4 emissions for the case of China and indicate the essential effect of CH4 emissions on global climate change. To understand the full context to achieve GHG emission mitigation, this study provides a new insight to address China’s GHG emissions status and hidden emission information induced by the final demand to the related policy-makers.
Validation of Walk Score® for Estimating Neighborhood Walkability: An Analysis of Four US Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Duncan Dustin T. , Aldstadt Jared , Whalen John , Melly Steven J. , Gortmaker Steven L.
Published: November 2011

Neighborhood walkability can influence physical activity. We evaluated the validity of Walk Score® for assessing neighborhood walkability based on GIS (objective) indicators of neighborhood walkability with addresses from four US metropolitan areas with several street network buffer distances (i.e., 400-, 800-, and 1,600-meters). Address data come from the YMCA-Harvard After School Food and Fitness Project, an obesity prevention intervention involving children aged 5–11 years and their families participating in YMCA-administered, after-school programs located in four geographically diverse metropolitan areas in the US (n = 733). GIS data were used to measure multiple objective indicators of neighborhood walkability. Walk Scores were also obtained for the participant’s residential addresses. Spearman correlations between Walk Scores and the GIS neighborhood walkability indicators were calculated as well as Spearman correlations accounting for spatial autocorrelation. There were many significant moderate correlations between Walk Scores and the GIS neighborhood walkability indicators such as density of retail destinations and intersection density (p < 0.05). The magnitude varied by the GIS indicator of neighborhood walkability. Correlations generally became stronger with a larger spatial scale, and there were some geographic differences. Walk Score® is free and publicly available for public health researchers and practitioners. Results from our study suggest that Walk Score® is a valid measure of estimating certain aspects of neighborhood walkability, particularly at the 1600-meter buffer. As such, our study confirms and extends the generalizability of previous findings demonstrating that Walk Score is a valid measure of estimating neighborhood walkability in multiple geographic locations and at multiple spatial scales.
Development of a Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)-Based Multisensor Platform for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Hautefeuille Mathieu , O’Flynn Brendan , Peters Frank H. , O’Mahony Conor
Published: November 2011

Recent progress in data processing, communications and electronics miniaturization is now enabling the development of low-cost wireless sensor networks (WSN), which consist of spatially distributed autonomous sensor modules that collaborate to monitor real-time environmental conditions unobtrusively and with appropriate levels of spatial and temporal granularity. Recent and future applications of this technology range from preventative maintenance and quality control to environmental modelling and failure analysis. In order to fabricate these low-cost, low-power reliable monitoring platforms, it is necessary to improve the level of sensor integration available today. This paper outlines the microfabrication and characterization results of a multifunctional multisensor unit. An existing fabrication process for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CMOS-compatible microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures has been modified and extended to manufacture temperature, relative humidity, corrosion, gas thermal conductivity, and gas flow velocity sensors on a single silicon substrate. A dedicated signal conditioning circuit layer has been built around this MEMS multisensor die for integration on an existing low-power WSN module. The final unit enables accurate readings and cross-sensitivity compensation thanks to a combination of simultaneous readings from multiple sensors. Real-time communication to the outside world is ensured via radio-frequency protocols, and data collection in a serial memory is also made possible for diagnostics applications.
Bacterial Inactivation Kinetics of Dialdehyde Starch Aqueous Suspension
Authors: Song Le , Farrah Samuel R. , Baney Ronald H.
Published: November 2011

The bacterial inactivation kinetics of dialdehyde starch (DAS) aqueous suspension was studied by the relationship between the minimal lethal concentration (MLC) and the inactivation time at four different temperatures. The relationship between MLC and exposure time was found to follow the first-order Chick-Watson law. This first-order inactivation kinetics was modeled by pseudo-first order chemical reaction. This model was validated by the successful predication of the bacterial inactivation response at room temperature.
Effect of Inductive Coil Shape on Sensing Performance of Linear Displacement Sensor Using Thin Inductive Coil and Pattern Guide
Authors: Misron Norhisam , Ying Loo Qian , Firdaus Raja Nor , Abdullah Norrimah , Mailah Nashiren Farzilah , Wakiwaka Hiroyuki
Published: November 2011

This paper discusses the effect of inductive coil shape on the sensing performance of a linear displacement sensor. The linear displacement sensor consists of a thin type inductive coil with a thin pattern guide, thus being suitable for tiny space applications. The position can be detected by measuring the inductance of the inductive coil. At each position due to the change in inductive coil area facing the pattern guide the value of inductance is different. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study various inductive coil pattern shapes and to propose the pattern that can achieve good sensing performance. Various shapes of meander, triangular type meander, square and circle shape with different turn number of inductive coils are examined in this study. The inductance is measured with the sensor sensitivity and linearity as a performance evaluation parameter of the sensor. In conclusion, each inductive coil shape has its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, the circle shape inductive coil produces high sensitivity with a low linearity response. Meanwhile, the square shape inductive coil has a medium sensitivity with higher linearity.
L'argot et la pègre
Authors: McMullan John
Published: November 2011

La restitution des mondes passés du crime pose des problèmes. De grands pans restent tabous, secrets ou inaccessibles ; les agissements des malfrats ont laissé peu de traces écrites. Il n'existe pratiquement pas de mémoire collective à sonder. Une grande partie de l'activité et de l'organisation criminelles est exclue du champ du savoir systématisé. Les récits qui nous restent sont souvent détachés de l'ancre du sens. Les archives des tribunaux, sources majeures d'information sur la déviance et le crime, sont clairsemées pour la période qui nous intéresse, et exigent un décodage. La plupart sont des catalogues transmués de délits, coupés du contexte historique global, qui nous éclairent peu sur l'acte délictuel et moins encore sur les techniques, le vécu et l'organisation soustendant le crime. Pourtant, il est possible de reconstruire les anciens mondes délinquants. Le présent exposé s'efforce de donner une vision socio-historique du crime à Londres aux 16ème et 17ème siècles, et ce à l'aide de méthodes centrales à la philologie : l'utilisation de textes historiques et l'étude de l'argot criminel relevant des institutions sociales qui lui sont propres. A partir des ballades de rues, des injures, des descriptions d'auteurs, des documents de prison, des confessions des malfaiteurs agonisants, des biographies de malfrats et des dictionnaires d'argot criminel, j'analyserai les traits internes du crime organisé dans la pègre londonienne. Je me concentrerai sur 1) l'emploi du langage déviant dans la reconstruction historique, 2) l'argot, les techniques criminelles et l'organisation des métiers délictuels , 3) la reproduction du savoir-faire et des connaissances criminels, 4) l'importance de la territorialité dans l'organisation du crime,et 5) le pouvoir et les marchés dans le secteur du crime organisé. Je conclurai par quelques réflexions en faveur de la recherche interdisciplinaire.
Une théorie des sujets du langage
Authors: Charaudeau Patrick
Published: November 2011

L'analyse du discours occupe maintenant une place importante dans l'ensemble des courants qui constituent la linguistique moderne, mais elle en est encore à se donner un cadre théorique. Le discours se définissant dans la mouvance de l'énonciation de l'acte de langage, il semble logique de le doter d'une théorie du sujet qui lui soit propre.

Cet article propose une mise au point sur un certain nombre de concepts ; celui de discours, celui d'acte de langage, et celui de sujet. Le phénomène de "performativité" est choisi comme illustration de ces définitions.
Sociosémiotique des images
Authors: Davallon Jean
Published: November 2011

Toute étude des images, dès l'instant où elle considère celles-ci comme des faits de signification, rencontre inévitablement la question de la spécificité de l'image. Aussi, avant même de présenter une revue des diverses approches des images pouvant être qualifiées de sociosémiotiques, ou encore de contribuer à la construction d'un modèle sociosémiotique d'analyse des images, paraît-il opportun de réfléchir sur la notion même d'image, et singulièrement sur ce problème de la "spécificité des images". L'idée développée ici est que ce problème ne saurait être traité aujourd'hui du seul point de vue de la sémiotique : la spécificité des images est non seulement un fait de langage, mais encore, de manière plus fondamentale, un phénomène social. Il est donc proposé d'inscrire l'analyse des images dans une démarche de type sociosémiotique ; l'essentiel de la réflexion portant sur les conditions de possibilité d'une telle inscription afin d'en envisager les modalités.

Une double référence est convoquée : une à la sociologie des productions culturelles, l'autre à la sémiologie (pour des raisons de simplicité d'exposé, elle a été volontairement limitée à deux exemples : P. Bourdieu et R. Barthes). La première permet de montrer comment l'image doit être redéfinie sous l'angle d'une dialectique entre un produit (formellement structuré) et des pratiques de réception et de production. Ainsi, la sociologie circonscrit un champ d'étude (autour d'un objet de connaissance) dont les outils (et en partie l'approche) relèvent de la sémiotique. Un rapide renvoi à la sémiologie illustre comment la sémiotique se trouve alors conduite à reformuler d'un tout autre point de vue la question de la spécificité des images, en prenant en compte la répartition de la fonction symbolique, à l'intérieur d'une société, en différents systèmes de signification (une économie des pratiques signifiantes).

Dans ces conditions, il devient alors possible d'articuler des domaines différents au sein de l'approche sociosémiotique (tels que ceux de la production, de la réception ou du fonctionnement des images), et surtout de distinguer des niveaux de généralité entre diverses approches ; le niveau le plus général (celui touchant à la place des images dans l'économie des pratiques signifiantes dans notre société) ouvrant l'approche sociosémiotique vers une sorte d'anthropologie culturelle de notre société.
Analyse sociolinguistique des titres d'écrits académiques et sociologie de la science
Authors: Leimdorfer François
Published: November 2011

Sociolinguistical analysis of the titles of academical writings and the sociology of science.

It is possible to make a "sociology of science" which would not be a sociology of the actors, but a sociology of the discourses ? If we admit that the constitution of scientifical objects (we are only considering the social sciences) can be stipulated in terms of social discursive operations, a sociolinguistical approach enables one to reveal these last, as well as the viewpoints on which they depend.

In the corpus of titles of thesis which were presented about Algeria during the colonial period, we tried to underline the formal elements of the titles (nominalizations, enunciation modalities, time marks, space marks, marks of disciplines etc).

The sociological approach tries to re-build some thems and relations between these themes, and to point out the domains of disciplinary fields and the symbolizations which are specific to the academic domain in the social relationship of the colonial world.

The comparison with other corpusses of scientific writings fails to show a general form for all titles, but shows that the sociolinguistical analysis enables one to emphasize the implicit articulations between titles, texts, discursive fiels. Reconstruction of these implicits makes it possible and necessary to reexamine such sociological hypotheses as forwarded at the beginning of the analysis.
Titres de presse et langue de pouvoir
Authors: Gruenais Max-Peter
Published: November 2011

Press titles and the language of power.

This article is a reformulation of a paper given at the Paris, november 1984 symposium, "1984: Orwell and the language question". Instead of considering different titles from several newspapers as helping to constitute a whole, or an inter-discourse (production viewpoint), each individual title is taken as derived from this whole and individualized within it (reading viewpoint). Press titles reviews, such as can be heard on the wireless, are treated an an analogon for this whole, partly illustrating the way it works. In order to show how the press inter-discourse moves one from event (just something happening somewhere) to fact (the source of any discourse about... but present in the very discourse) , our examples deal with the future (the preparation of the June 1984 French national demonstration in support of private schools). This very passage from event to fact is the source in our set of titles of a minimum language of power. And it therefore becomes irrelevant whether the event does take place or not.
Gagner la parole sans perdre sa vie ou Somme zéro dans le jeu du langage
Authors: Hey Jacob
Published: November 2011

Partant de deux exemples où la parole des protagonistes engage, plus ou moins gravement, leur vie, l'auteur pose le double problème de la nature et des conditions d'exercice du pouvoir des mots. L'auteur attribue ce pouvoir à une glossification, qui, pour être efficace, doit se conformer aux représentations des classes dominantes. Les possibilités de contestation seraient alors limitées à la négation, tant que le pouvoir social ne change pas. Les conditions d'exercice de ce pouvoir sont analysables comme phénomène de double bind entre la maxime de sincérité ("dis ce que tu veux") et celle de communicabilité ("mais à ma façon"). L'auteur conclut en proposant l'écologie du langage comme moyen de rendre équitable le jeu de la parole.
Les mécanismes discursifs de l'exclusion et de l'inclusion dans un corpus journalistique
Authors: Paquot Annette
Published: November 2011

Paquot, Annette, "Discursive procedures of inclusion and exclusion in a corpus of Quebec newspaper articles"

This paper is a study of the inclusion or exclusion of various ethnic groups in Quebec newspaper articles on the national issue in Canada. These texts are characterized by the frequent exclusion, whenever Canada is concerned, of autochtons and neo-Canadians, and of all minority groups whenever Quebec is concerned. The paper decribes the discursive processes used to express inclusion and to suggest exclusion.
La langue de bois et son double
Authors: Sériot Patrick
Published: November 2011

On remet en cause ici l'idée selon laquelle il y aurait un phénomène propre aux pays socialistes : une "langue" du pouvoir, définie par des caractéristiques telles que "magie, mystère, laideur ou opacité maximale". Cette langue, où un Maître-Machiavel déciderait arbitrairement du sens des mots à des fins de manipulation, cette langue si opaque que l'on ne voit plus que les mots, qui perdent leur lien aux choses, pourrait être retournée, traduite en clair, par Maîtres-herméneutes. En fait ces analyses révèlent bien plutôt l'idéal d'une langue transparante, qui n'est autre que l'aveuglement idéologique aux conditions discursives de production de la référence nominale.
Discours et sociologie du langage
Authors: Achard Pierre
Published: November 2011

Achard Pierre, "Discourse and sociology of language".

From part of the experience built up in France over twenty years about discourse and enunciation, the author tries to pinpoint some consequences of these theoretical elaborations and of these observations in the field of sociology. The reflect theory proving insufficient in its different forms, he shows first that enonciation provides the grounds for taking language into account in all social processes. To this, one must add the more or less stabilised regularities of discursive formations. Discourse analysis enables one to treat these problems technically through distribution and paraphrasis. The author also examines where to locate the diversity of languages and their practical relationship to this socio-linguistic dynamics and ends up with a brief exploration of perspectives.
Légitimité sociologique et analyse de discours : Le parcours de la légitimité dans les textes de l'Unesco sur l'éducation de base
Authors: Leimdorfer François , Tessonneau Alex-Louise
Published: November 2011

Leimdorfer François, Tessonneau Alex-Louise, "Sociological legitimacy and discourse analysis : How legitimacy is built up in UNESCO texts".

The authors start reflecting upon the legitimacy concept in sociology (Weber, Habermas, Bourdieu), then proceed to analyzing UNESCO texts by trying to evince legitimizing operations as well as the presupposed legitimacy. This analysis is centered round reported speech, referenciation to discourse being external, the use of completives, relatives and infinitive sentences in a program pronouncement of the Executive Council, and the interplay on "on" ("one") and "nous" ("we") in a Director General report. The most important hypotheses in this analysis are, one, the strong relationship between implicit (not said) legitimacy, presupposed (i.e. present in the discourse) legitimacy, and its very enonciation ; two, the refering to the world and to an external "duty" as legitimizing operations.
Identité et différences dans le langage parlementaire mexicain
Authors: Carbo Teresa
Published: November 2011

L'auteur analyse les discours de trois parlementaires mexicains, prononcés au cours d'une séance d' "hommage à la population indienne" en décembre 1942, au moment de l'entrée en guerre du Mexique. A partir d'une analyse énonciative et rhétorique, elle en dégage les enjeux internes et internationaux, tout en s'interrogeant sur le paradoxe qu'il y a à tenir des discours explicitement anti-racistes en les adressant à des représentants des communautés indiennes réduits au rôle de témoins silencieux. L'analyse permet de dégager deux orientations : renforcement de la communauté nationale à court terme par affirmation de l'unité et dénégation d'un racisme intérieur; mise en place d'un projet de développement à long terme qui implique l'assimilation et la disparition de fait des communautés concernées.
Le plurilinguisme à Canton
Authors: Calvet Louis-Jean
Published: November 2011

Calvet Louis-Jean, "Plurilingualisim in Canton".

The plurilingual situation in Canton is described through observing commercial transactions in two local markets and analyzing the answers of university students to a questionnaire. This study also had a pedagogic function, since the author organized these observations in collaboration with Chinese academics as an initiation to the problems of sociolinguistics. The quantitative data as to the languages used in interactions, and as to the mother and expression languages of both sellers ans students are examined in terms of language planning.
Socio-critique de la raison sémiotique
Authors: Decrosse Anne , Davallon Jean
Published: November 2011

La socio-sémiotique, science de synthèse de divers domaines des sciences du langage et de la société, introduit une relecture critique du mode de jugement et de raisonnement de la sémiotique et de la sémiologie. En ce sens elle est une condition épistémique de compréhension de la raison sémiotique. Mais, dans ce déplacement, elle rencontre un certain nombre de jugements internes à cette même raison pour en fonder une cohérence nouvelle. Essentiellement parcours du sens, la sociosemiotique constitue une alliance entre la philosophie et les sciences sociales et humaines.
Les surprises de la signature, signe écrit
Authors: Fraenkel Béatrice
Published: November 2011

La signature, pratique écrite quotidienne aujourd'hui, s'est constituée historiquement à partir du testament romain et des actes royaux. Comment la signature est-elle apparue au Moyen Age, et quels éléments la constituaient ? La partie historique met en évidence la tension qui s'installe entre la possibilité d'identification et les garanties contre la falsification de la signature. Une mention spéciale est faite de la présence de notes tironiennes dans les vieilles signatures. La seconde partie de l'article est consacrée aux problèmes pragmatiques que pose la signature comme acte performatif, et ce que ces problèmes impliquent quant à l'existence, l'autonomie et les limites de la démarche linguistique appliquée à l'écrit.
Esquisse du multilinguisme mosellan : langues et cultures régionales/immigrées et ouvrières/paysannes
Authors: Laumesfeld Daniel
Published: November 2011

La situation sociolinguistique de la Moselle entre les deux Guerres est une situation pluri-ethnique. A côté du français, qui n'est pas majoritaire, coexistent le francique, l'allemand et les langues d'immigration. Cette enquête porte sur la culture populaire mosellane et montre l'ampleur du multilinguisme individuel des Mosellans de toutes origines. Ce bricolage de langues est le pendant linguistique du bricolage culturel dans cette région frontalière, à tradition en partie germanique, à forte industrialisation et à immigration massive.L' activité de bricolage qui caractérise la culture ouvrière-paysanne du bassin de fer fournit un concept pour décrire les faits identitaires et les processus inter-langues.
Le silence assertif de la société civile
Authors: Wyborski Roman
Published: November 2011

Wyborski Roman, "Assertive silence in civil society".

How should the notion of public opinion be used ? Some recent political texts due to the media or to officials in Poland reflect the consent of a community which has not been consulted. Symmetrically this very same community expresses itself through its refuse to participate in "speeches" (electoral consultations) in which silence (abstention) corresponds to strong and essential statements. This study is an analysis of the pragmatic dimension of imposed silence, or silence actively observed as the expression of the ever-present confrontation occurs when direct speech is not favored, as well as the conditions under which this silence can be broken.
L'étude comparative de la communication ordinaire
Authors: Lindenfeld Jacqueline
Published: November 2011

Lindenfeld Jacqueline - "The comparative study of ordinary communication".

A number of issues at the theoretical and methodological levels regard the comparative study of ordinary communication. First of all, how should we conceive it, and why has this «genre» been cultivated less than particularistic studies in the ethnography of communication, despite the program of research proposed by Hymes and Gumperz in the early 60 's ? Second, what method should be used for the collection and analysis of data in such a study ? This part of the article is based on American research recently carried out within the framework of ethnomethodology or the ethnography of communication, including my own work on market places in France and California. Finally, to what extent should the comparative study of ordinary communication highlight common features rather than differences ? To what extent should transcultural studies serve to establish universals, rather than underline particularinc features of various communication systems in various social groups ?
Parler verlan : règles et usages
Authors: Méla Vivienne
Published: November 2011

Mela Vivienne - "Speaking Verlan slang: rules and use".

Verlan is a form of back slang used in actual French groups of young petty delinquents in which whole syllables are inverted. This article gives an account of the way verlan words are formed, based on a phonological analysis of the syllable, and the way they are used in discourse. Two simple rules are formulated which can account for the majority of verlan words. The analysis of an interview of a college pupil, member of a group of petty delinquents, shows how verlan is used in narrative and the way in which it is linked to the speaker's social behaviour and speech habits. We discuss especially the function of secrecy of this «slang» and its role as a way of building up a social identity.
Formes de l'indétermination du sujet : variation linguistique, marques et discours
Authors: Tarallo Fernando
Published: November 2011

Tarallo Fernando, "Forms of subject indétermination : linguistic variation, markers and discourse".

Can one apply variationnist linguistics methods to characterize discourse genres. The corpus of oral discourses we study is both thematically centered (food in Brazil) and contrasted with regards to the conditions of their uttering (academic courses and lectures, together with leaders from newspapers, vs. daily speech in the country world). The variable we chose is indeterminate forms of the subject in Brazil Portuguese. Having shown the domain of variation, we examine how forms are divided in the two types of discourse. Contrary to wide-spread opinion, we show there is no necessary correspondence between the presence or distribution of these markers and the type of discourse, although such a distribution does fairly adequately characterize each individual text.
Conséquences linguistiques du contact des langues : un modèle d'analyse variationniste
Authors: Poplack Shana
Published: November 2011

Linguistic consequences of language contact : a variationist analysis model.

Exposition of the variationist model of code switching and of borrowing, determined by the observing or breaking of equivalence constraint between the syntaxes of the languages in contact at the intra-sentence level. This constraint predicts that the switch will occur at such boundaries where the syntaxes of both languages can be observed. This switch may be smooth and without rhetorical effect or flagged and with identificable ihetorical functions. As for borrowing, one can distinguish between widespread loans and "nonce" borrowing. Between typologically distant languages (Tamil/English, Finnish/English), one can show that the scarcity of boundaries where switchqig is permitted according to the equivalence constraint reduces the rate of true code switching towards borrowing. A model opposing switching and borrowing is proposed.
L'apprentissage du français par des travailleurs arabophones et la genèse des créoles « français »
Authors: Véronique Daniel
Published: November 2011

Véronique, Daniel - "The Acquisition of French as a Second Language by Arabic speaking Workers and the Genesis of French Creoles".

Language acquisition, which can be studied through the analysis of interlanguages, is a factor often mentioned to explain the formation of creoles and pidgins. Three explanatory hypotheses relating to creolization take more or less into account the acquisition factor: the Universal Grammar perspective, the Bioprogram hypothesis and Chaudenson's auto-regulation hypothesis. This paper attempts a comparison between features of creolization and features of interlanguages. This is inspired by the comparative approach which is the basis of Chaudenson's hypothesis. Despite the fact that the social matrices leading to creole genesis and to the learning of the second languages by foreign workers differ, the identities and similarities between creole systems and interlanguage are described and compared to the corresponding domains in creolization : Utterance structure, Modalisation, Negation, Nominal Reference, Spatial Prepositions, Motion Verbs and Verb Phrase.
Une communauté francophone en milieu germanophone : Identité linguistique et réseaux de sociabilité dans la ville de Bâle
Authors: de Pietro Jean-François , Lüdi Georges , Papaloizos Lilli
Published: November 2011

Dans la ville de Bâle, officiellement germanophone, vivent près de 7 000 francophones, certains originaires de France ou de Belgique, d'autres de Suisse romande. Par ailleurs, la situation linguistique et culturelle des germanophones est tout aussi complexe : Bâlois de souche, Allemands, autres Suisses allemands. Cette situation engendre une grande variété d'attitudes que l'on saisit à travers les réponses à des enquêtes portant sur les pratiques dans le cadre de la famille et de la profession, la perception du français et des raisons de le parler (dimension de la loyauté), la perception de l'autre langue et de ses variétés (vers une identité mixte, etc., les légitimités qu'on peut acquérir ou se voir refuser). Les idéaux de langue liés au français (standardisation) apparaissent notamment constituer un obstacle à l'intégration face à la forte dialectisation de l'allemand en Suisse.
Contacts de langue en Suisse : Ruptures et reconstructions discursives du sens en situation de migration
Authors: Franceschini Rita , Oesch-Serra Cecilia , Py Bernard
Published: November 2011

La migration entraîne des « pertes sémiotiques » : les schémas qui permettaient au sujet d'interpréter son environnement social ne sont plus toujours et entièrement applicables. Une des tâches auxquelles se voit confronté le migrant, c'est alors de donner du sens à ses nouvelles expériences quotidiennes. Ce travail a une composante discursive marquée : c'est en parlant de lui et de sa situation que le sujet construit de nouveaux schémas interprétatifs. Cette démarche est ici illustrée et commentée au moyen de nombreux exemples.
Une approche discursive des questionnaires : l'exemple d'une enquête pendant la guerre d'Algérie
Authors: Achard Pierre
Published: November 2011

L'analyse de discours permet d'analyser des réponses courtes à des questions ouvertes de questionnaires auto-administrés. L'analyse secondaire d'un questionnaire que les organisations de jeunesse avaient fait passer à leurs adhérents en 1959-1960, et portant sur leur service militaire en Algérie, fournit un exemple de cette approche. Après une présentation du matériel, on traité successivement la mise en place du cadre général des réponses par le texte du questionnaire (et notamment sa présentation) ; quelques éléments de la typologie formelle des réponses ; une approche critique des deux analyses thématiques à l'aide de considérations distributionnelles sur des entrées lexicales. Cette analyse a été menée dans le cadre d'un groupe de travail de l'IRESCO.
Ce que parler veut dire dans ce monde et dans l'autre. De l'usage de la métaphore en Santal
Authors: Carrin-Bouez Marine
Published: November 2011

Carrin-Bouez Marine - "What is meant by speaking here below and in the other world. On the use of metaphor among Santals".

Analysing metaphoric processes among Santals gives some insight into their own view of what speaking is about. This analysis reveals two registers opposing : the register of "earthly speech", unfurled within ordinary speech as well as in the oratory of spokesmen and priests ; the register of Bongas, threatening and deceitful divinities's speech. Whether in an ordinary or solemn context, the register of enunciation of twisted speech (bentha katha) needs to be recognized : as earthly speech, they rely upon substitution in a natural series ; as Bonga's (or witche's) speech, they act as a "translation" - reported speech into the other world, where a substitution of speaker induces a semantic shift.
Les sens d'une catégorisation : "les O.S. immigrés"
Authors: Varro Gabrielle , Perriaux Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2011

Une analyse documentaire a permis de dégager la manière dont une catégorie au départ professionnelle (O.S.), a pu être transformée en une catégorie sociale "les O.S. immigrés". L'analyse révèle aussi les thèmes dominants qui sous-tendent les préoccupations des décideurs et chercheurs pendant les quarante dernières années et l'évolution de la notion en français. Elle débouche sur une réflexion sur les effets sociaux des classifications langagières.
Goffman et Garfinkel : cadres et organisation de l'expérience
Authors: Widmer Jean
Published: November 2011

Widmer, Jean - "Goffman and Garfinkel : frames and organization of experience".

H. Garfinkel's and E. Goffman's changing conceptualisations of the rationality of social action, and particularly of strategic actions, are compared. A second part applies frame analysis to the social production of gender and to the structures of conversations. Finally, the underlying game concepts used by both authors are discussed, drawing some conclusions about social theory and social structures.