bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15924: Intelligent Machine Learning Fusion Framework Predicts Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Outcomes With Demographic, Morphological, and Imaging Features
Authors: Fazal Muhammad , Rogers Albert J , Kapoor Ridhima , Wang Paul J , Narayan Sanjiv M , Razeghi Orod , Baykaner Tina
Published: June 2023

Background:
Structural changes in the left atrium (LA) modestly predict outcomes in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Machine learning (ML) is a promising approach to improve risk prediction based on complex and variable data inputs.Hypothesis: We hypothesized that ML approaches based on a patient's specific atrial morphology from cardiac computed tomography (CT) and clinical data can predict response to AF ablation.

Methods:
Consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation from 2014-2017 with preprocedural CT scans and long-term clinical follow-up were included in the retrospective analysis. A fusion model incorporated demographic data with morphologic and 3D imaging classifiers based on an automatous segmentation of CT scans to predict arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation of AF. LA morphologic features were derived from left atrial segmentation. The LA image classifier was developed using a 3D image convolutional neural network. Multi-modal data sources were fused in a framework that determines individual importance and optimizes classification.

Results:
321 patients (64.2 + 10.6 years, 69% male, 40% paroxysmal AF) were analyzed. Post 10-fold nested cross-validation, the model trained to intelligently fuse and learn appropriate weights for clinical, morphological, and imaging data (AUC 0.81±0.02) outperformed those trained solely on clinical data (AUC 0.61±0.04), morphological (AUC 0.68±0.10) or imaging data (AUC 0.75±0.02).

Conclusion:
In the context of clinical data, information from atrial geometry from CT imaging improved risk prediction of AF recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation using an ML based-fusion framework model. The fusion technique allowed improved patient-specific prediction of clinical models and may inform therapy selection with non-invasive tools
Abstract 204: Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Trajectories During Targeted Temperature Management
Authors: Kotini-Shah Pavitra , Khosla Shaveta , Gordon Richard , Karfunkle Benjamin , Granado Misha , Li Jing , Vanden Hoek Terry L
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
The extent of hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) after cardiac arrest (CA) remains an important knowledge deficit with lack of objective clinical data that is measurable repeatedly. There is a need to better understand an individual patient’s level of HII. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has not been explored after CA as a possible bedside modality to measure the extent of HII over time, at the bedside, during targeted temperature management (TTM).

Objective:
We sought to characterize the temporal trajectories of point-of-care ultrasound obtained ONSD during the post- return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) phase, in patients with and without TTM.

Methods:
Adult CA patients at an urban academic ED were included from 2017-2021. ONSD was measured by emergency ultrasound fellowship trained faculty at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ROSC using an ocular preset on a 15MHz linear probe. ONSD measurements at these time points were compared with patient demographic information and intervention of TTM .

Results:
A total of 78 participants had ONSD measurements. The mean age was 62 (+/-15) and 46% were female. Of the 65% of the cases with TTM, a sex disparity was noted with 73% of males receiving TTM versus 56% of females. There was a trend toward a decrease in mean ONSD by 0.015cm for TTM patients during the early time points of 1 to 6 hours compared to an increase in 0.006cm in those without TTM. Similar trend was noted between 1 to 24 hours, with a decrease in ONSD by 0.025cm in those with TTM relative to an average increase of 0.008 cm in those without TTM. However, neither delta ONSD was statistically significant between the two cohorts. When further assessing if delay in cooling had an impact on ONSD change, we found that the ONSD change between 24 to 48 hours was significantly increased in those in whom TTM was not initiated within 14 hours (beta=0.036; p=0.016).

Conclusion:
This pilot study revealed ONSD changes during TTM. There is potential for monitoring brain injury through ONSD trajectories to evaluate responders vs non-responders to TTM. Additional research is needed to evaluate ONSD changes during the rewarming time frame and may further distinguish patients with worse HII. Correlation to survival outcomes can be possible with a larger sample size.
Abstract 250: Heart Rate And QRS Duration Predict Immediate Outcome In Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) During In-hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA)
Authors: Norvik Anders , Skjeflo Gunnar W. , Unneland Eirik , Bergum Daniel , Buckler David , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Eftestol Trygve , Aramendi Elisabete , Nordseth Trond , Abella Benjamin , Kvaloy Jan Terje , Skogvoll Eirik
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
PEA is commonly observed in in-hospital cardiac arrest. ROSC is currently the only indication of treatment response. Studies suggest that QRS duration (QRSd) and heart rate (HR) develop differently in patients who obtain ROSC or not. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively how QRSd and HR affect the immediate outcome of patients with PEA.

Method:
We investigated 327 episodes of IHCA in 298 patients, collected at two US and one Norwegian hospital. We assessed the ECG in 559 segments of PEA, measuring QRSd and HR in pauses of compressions, and noted the clinical state that followed PEA. We investigated the development of HR, QRSd, and transitions to ROSC or noROSC in a joint linear mixed/ time-to-event model, using software R version 4.0.3 with the package ‘JMbayes2’.

Results:
A HR increase by 50bpm increased the intensity (“hazard”) of gaining ROSC by 42% (p<0.01), and a 50ms decrease in QRSd increased the intensity of gaining ROSC by 29% (p<0.01). A decreasing HR had no significant impact; however, if QRSd increased by 50ms this increased the probability of transitioning to other lethal states (ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, asystole, or death) by 24% (p<0.01). Still, several patients experienced increasing QRSd before obtaining ROSC. The figure shows an example of how QRSd (lower left) and HR (upper left) developed in one PEA segment overlaid the linear model (blue line). The estimated probability of obtaining ROSC (green line with 95% CI) or transitioning to other arrest states (red line) over the next 4 minutes are displayed to the right. This patient obtained ROSC at approx. 7min.

Conclusion:
HR and QRSd conveys information of the immediate outcome (ROSC/noROSC) in PEA. This may guide the team in their efforts, and possibly allow for individual tailoring of treatment, e.g., by delaying a (potentially harmful) epinephrine administration. Due to low specificity, the model cannot support termination of resuscitation.
Abstract 256: Temporal Trends In Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest Based On Presenting Rhythm: Prospective Study In A Large US Community
Authors: Holmstrom Lauri , Chugh Harpriya , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Sorenson Chad , Jui Jonathan , Reinier Kyndaron , Chugh Sumeet S
Published: June 2023

Background:
The proportion of non-shockable out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) (pulseless electrical activity [PEA] and asystole) remains higher than shockable SCA (ventricular fibrillation [VF], ventricular tachycardia [VT]). More recently, survival from non-shockable rhythms may have improved, but there is little data available on temporal trends in the community.

Aim:
To investigate community-based temporal trends in SCA survival based on presenting rhythm.

Methods:
We prospectively evaluated survival outcomes for out-of-hospital SCA in the Portland, OR metro area (Pop. approx. 1 million, 2002-2017). Detailed lifetime clinical records were reviewed to only include cases of likely cardiac etiology who were resuscitated by emergency medical services.

Results:
Of 3,723 SCA cases, 908 (24%) presented with PEA, 1,302 (35%) with asystole, and 1,513 (41%) with VF/VT. The mean age was 68.9±21.8 in PEA, 62.2±21.8 in asystole, and 63.2±15.3 in VF/VT. The proportion of PEA decreased over 4-yr time periods (29.2% in 2002-2005, 24.7% in 2006-2009, 20.4% in 2010-2013, 23.3% in 2014-2017) while the proportion of asystole increased (26.2%, 30.3%, 36.8%, 44.1%); and the proportion of VF/VT decreased over time (44.6%, 45.0%, 42.8%, 32.6%). Survival increased over time for PEA (5.7%, 4.3%, 9.6%, 13.6%; p for trend <0.001) and for VF/VT (27.5%, 29.8%, 37.9%, 36.6%; p for trend <0.001), but not for asystole SCA (1.7%, 1.6%, 4.0%, 2.4%; p for trend 0.37). Bystander CPR increased in all 3 presenting rhythms (p for trend for each rhythm <0.001). In a multivariable model including age, sex and Utstein variables the following were significant determinants of survival: young age, female sex, witnessed arrest, and public location in PEA; young age and witnessed arrest in asystole; young age, female sex, public location, witnessed arrest and bystander CPR in VF/VT.

Conclusions:
Over a 16-year period, survival outcomes improved for SCA presenting with PEA and VF/VT, but not with asystole. Determinants of survival varied between the 3 presenting rhythms. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of the growing bystander-EMS relationship and the potential for further improvements in outcome with ongoing evaluation and enhancement.
Abstract 262: Race/ethnicity Is Associated With Mortality After Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: An Analysis Of The KIDs’ Inpatient Database
Authors: Ohalloran Amanda , Keim Garrett , Gathers Cody , Fowler Jessica , Naim Maryam , Rossano Joseph , Berg Robert A , Sutton Robert M , Yehya Nadir , Morgan Ryan
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Survival disparities in adult in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) are well-described with decreased survival in Black patients. Pediatric literature from AHA’s GWTG—Resuscitation did not show this association, possibly due to differences in IHCA definitions and patient population. We aimed to investigate associations between outcomes after pediatric CPR and race/ethnicity and insurance payer status in a nationally representative database. We hypothesized non-White race/ethnicity, compared to white race, and public insurance, compared to private insurance, would be associated with lower rates of survival.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of subjects ≤18 years with CPR procedure codes in the 1997- 2019 editions of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). We excluded subjects missing race/ethnicity, insurance payer or disposition and subjects with in-patient transfer as their disposition. We evaluated hypothesized associations with weighted mixed-effect logistic regression clustered by hospital. Hospital (size, teaching/non-teaching institution, rural/urban, region) and patient (age, KID cohort year, sex, insurance payer, complex chronic condition, median income quartile) confounders were considered fixed effects. Individual hospitals were treated as a random effect.

Results:
Our cohort included 27,332 children admitted to 3,353 centers. Univariable and multivariable modeling showed higher odds of in-hospital mortality for all non-White categories compared to white race: Black (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.34; p<0.001), Hispanic (aOR 1.17, 95%CI 1.05-1.31; p=0.006), and other race/ethnicity (aOR 1.37, 95%CI 1.20-1.57; p<0.001). There was no difference in mortality between those with public and private insurance.

Conclusions:
In contrast to previously published data, after risk- and reliability-adjustment of individual and hospital-level effects, children receiving CPR with non-White race/ethnicity had higher mortality odds. These findings suggest the presence of race/ethnicity-based disparities in pediatric IHCA mortality, the mechanisms of which should be explored.
Abstract 9521: Non-English Language Resources and Readability of Heart Transplant Center Websites in the United States
Authors: Zoulek Shannon , Stewart James W , Hussain Sheehan , Kathawate Varun , Colvin Monica M , Breathett Khadijah , Cascino Thomas
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Health literacy is a key component of advanced heart failure (HF) therapy access and outcomes. Health literacy is associated with HF care and outcomes. Over 39% of patients with HF have low literacy. Online resources offer important educational materials for patients seeking access to heart transplantation but tend to be complex and potentially ineffective for non-English speakers and those with low reading levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the readability of United States (US) heart transplant center websites and the availability of non-English resources.

Methods:
Review of US heart transplant center websites identified through the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) in April 2022. Websites were assessed for non-English language text and translator tools. Written English text was extracted and assessed for readability using the Fry Readability score. Standard chi-square analysis was used to compare readability levels across transplant regions.

Results:
Of the 141 transplant center websites, 68.8% (97/141) did not have non-English resources. Regions 9 (42.9% (3/7)) and 10 (46.2% (6/13)) had the highest percentage of non-English resources and region 6 had the lowest (0% (0/5)). The median Fry readability level to understand a piece of text for all regions was 15, which is equivalent to a college junior reading level (range: 8-17, 8th grade to postgraduate level), Figure. There was no statistical difference in the median readability levels between regions (p=0.14).

Conclusions:
Heart transplant center online resources are inadequate and the majority do not provide translations beyond the English language. Additional work is needed to standardize heart transplant patient information for a diverse U.S. patient population.
Abstract 9538: Impact of Device Closure on Heart Failure Progression in Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Park Jiesuck , Choi Hong-Mi , Hwang In-chang , Yoon Yeonyee E , Park Jae Hyeong , Cho Goo-Yeong
Published: June 2023

Background:
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) can unload left atrial pressure via interatrial shunt. We evaluated whether device occlusion of PFO is associated with subsequent risk of heart failure (HF).

Methods:
We enrolled 4,804 consecutive patients (median age: 68 years, 62.4% male) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography at tertiary medical centers in Korea between 2007 and 2019. The primary outcome was the 4-year risk of HF. The independent association of PFO closure with HF was evaluated using the Cox regression hazard model after multivariate adjustment for demographics, clinical risk factors, and echocardiographic parameters. Additional subgroup analysis was performed according to the presence structural heart disease defined as left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < 55%, left atrial (LA) size > 35ml or LA volume ≥ 40ml/m
2
, LV mass index ≥ 115g/m
2
, E/e' ≥ 15, or presence of atrial fibrillation.

Results:
In total, PFO was observed in 981 (20.4%) patients, where 161 (16.4%) of them underwent device closure. Patients with PFO showed a lower risk of HF than those without (2.6 vs. 4.0%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.94, p=0.021). PFO closure group showed a significantly higher risk of HF than no closure group (5.5 vs. 1.2%, adjusted HR: 5.59, 95% CI 4.26-7.34, p<0.001) (Figure). In subgroup analysis, PFO closure was significantly associated with HF risk in patients with underlying structural heart disease (9.6 vs. 3.9%, adjusted HR: 2.55, 95% CI 1.95-3.33, p<0.001), demonstrating an increasing trend in proportion to the number of structural abnormalities. However, PFO closure showed no significant association with HF risk in patients without structural heart disease (1.7 vs. 1.5%, adjusted HR: 1.22, 95% CI 0.99-1.50, p=0.054).

Conclusion:
PFO closure may increase the risk of HF. Therefore, careful patient selection is needed, especially among those with underlying structural heart disease.
Abstract 9753: Outcomes of Substance Abuse Among Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shaik Ayesha , Gonuguntla Karthik , Patil Shivaraj , sattar yasar , Rojulpote Chaitanya , Zia khan Muhammad , Balla Sudarshan
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a reversible cardiomyopathy that is precipitated by emotional or physical stress mediated by catecholamines. Drugs that modulate adrenergic tone can precipitate/ worsen TC

Hypothesis:
To compare the prevalence of comorbidities and incidence of complications in TC patients with substance abuse (SA) compared to those without SA

Methods:
The United States NIS data from 2016 to 2018 was queried to identify adult patients (≥18 years) with TC using ICD 10 code. SA was defined as use of opiates or cannabis or cocaine. Chi- square test was applied for statistical analysis

Results:
We identified a total of 23, 220 patients with TC. 5.3% had history of SA. The prevalence of opioid, cannabis and cocaine use was 2.4 %, 2% and 1% respectively. Comparing the two groups (SA vs no SA), mean age was 56.8y vs 67.3y. the prevalence of hypertension (56% vs 67%; p<0.001), diabetes (15% vs 19%; p=0.007), and obesity (11 % vs 13%; p=0.04) atrial fibrillation (7 % vs 13.6%; p<0.001) coronary artery disease (50% vs 54%; p= 0.02) were lower. The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder (60.6% vs 38.2%; p<0.001), heart failure (36% vs 31%; p <0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (36% vs 28.5%; p <0.001), tobacco use (71% vs 42%; p<0.001) and alcohol use(11.4% vs 4%; p <0.001) were higher. Outcomes were (SA vs no SA)- cardiogenic shock (2.4% vs 3%; p =0.31), mechanical ventilation (9% vs 4.5%; p< 0.001), acute kidney injury (3% vs 8.4%; p <0.001), cardiac arrest (2.8% vs 1.5%; p <0.001), mitral regurgitation (4.5% vs 6.4%; p =0.007), ventricular tachycardia (5.7% vs 3.3%;p< 0.001) ventricular fibrillation (2% vs 1%;p <0.001)

Conclusions:
TC patients with SA had a lower cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, high burden of psychiatric disorders, high rates of in hospital complications like need for mechanical ventilation, cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmias but no difference in the rates of cardiogenic shock compared to no SA group. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the impact of SA disorder on incidence and outcomes of TC in this cohort
Unilaterally Selective Adrenal Vein Sampling for Identification of Surgically Curable Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Rossi Gian Paolo , Bagordo Domenico , Amar Laurence , Azizi Michel , Riester Anna , Reincke Martin , Degenhart Christoph , Widimský Jiří , Naruse Mitsuhide , Deinum Jaap , Kocjan Tomaz , Negro Aurelio , Rossi Ermanno , Kline Gregory , Tanabe Akiyo , Satoh Fumitoshi , Rump Lars Christian , Vonend Oliver , Willenberg Holger S. , Fuller Peter J. , Yang Jun , Chee Nicholas Yong Nian , Magill Steven B. , Shafigullina Zulfiya , Quinkler Marcus , Oliveras Anna , Lee Bo-Ching , Chang Chin-Chen , Wu Vin-Cent , Krátká Zuzana , Battistel Michele , Rossitto Giacomo , Seccia Teresa Maria
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Adrenal venous sampling is recommended for the identification of unilateral surgically curable primary aldosteronism but is often clinically useless, owing to failed bilateral adrenal vein cannulation.

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate if only unilaterally selective adrenal vein sampling studies can allow the identification of the responsible adrenal.

METHODS:

Among 1625 patients consecutively submitted to adrenal vein sampling in tertiary referral centers, we selected those with selective adrenal vein sampling results in at least one side; we used surgically cured unilateral primary aldosteronism as gold reference. The accuracy of different values of the relative aldosterone secretion index (RASI), which estimates the amount of aldosterone produced in each adrenal gland corrected for catheterization selectivity, was examined.

RESULTS:

We found prominent differences in RASI values distribution between patients with and without unilateral primary aldosteronism. The diagnostic accuracy of RASI values estimated by the area under receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.714 and 0.855, respectively, in the responsible and the contralateral side; RASI values >2.55 and ≤0.96 on the former and the latter side furnished the highest accuracy for detection of surgically cured unilateral primary aldosteronism. Moreover, in the patients without unilateral primary aldosteronism, only 20% and 16% had RASI values ≤0.96 and >2.55.

CONCLUSIONS:

With the strength of a large real-life data set and use of the gold reference entailing an unambiguous diagnosis of unilateral primary aldosteronism, these results indicate the feasibility of identifying unilateral primary aldosteronism using unilaterally selective adrenal vein sampling results.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01234220.
Longitudinal Aortic Root Dilatation in Collegiate American‐Style Football Athletes
Authors: Tso Jason V. , Turner Casey G. , Liu Chang , Prabakaran Ganesh , Jackson Mekensie , Galante Angelo , Gilson Carla R. , Clark Craig , Williams B. Robinson , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Baggish Aaron L. , Kim Jonathan H.
Published: June 2023

Background

Clinically relevant aortic dilatation (>40 mm) and increased cardiovascular risk are common among retired professional American‐style football athletes. Among younger athletes, the effect of American‐style football participation on aortic size is incompletely understood. We sought to determine changes in aortic root (AR) size and associated cardiovascular phenotypes across the collegiate career.

Methods and Results

This was a multicenter, longitudinal repeated‐measures observational cohort study of athletes across 3 years of elite collegiate American‐style football participation. A total of 247 athletes (119 [48%] Black, 126 [51%] White, 2 [1%] Latino; 91 [37%] linemen, 156 [63%] non‐linemen) were enrolled as freshmen and studied at pre‐ and postseason year 1, postseason year 2 (N=140 athletes), and postseason year 3 (N=82 athletes). AR size was measured with transthoracic echocardiography. AR diameter increased over the study period from 31.7 (95% CI, 31.4–32.0) to 33.5 mm (95% CI, 33.1–33.8;
P
<0.001). No athlete developed an AR ≥40 mm. Athletes also demonstrated increased weight (cumulative mean Δ, 5.0 [95% CI, 4.1–6.0] kg,
P
<0.001), systolic blood pressure (cumulative mean Δ, 10.6 [95% CI, 8.0–13.2] mm Hg,
P
<0.001), pulse wave velocity (cumulative mean Δ, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.31–0.56] m/s,
P
<0.001), and left ventricular mass index (cumulative mean Δ, 21.2 [95% CI, 19.2–23.3] g/m
2
,
P
<0.001), and decreased
E
′ velocity (cumulative mean Δ, −2.4 [95%CI, −2.9 to −1.9] cm/s,
P
<0.001). Adjusting for height, player position, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, higher weight (
β
=0.030,
P
=0.003), pulse wave velocity (
β
=0.215,
P
=0.02), and left ventricular mass index (
β
=0.032,
P
<0.001) and lower
E
′ (
β
=−0.082,
P
=0.001) were associated with increased AR diameter.

Conclusions

Over the collegiate American‐style football career, athletes demonstrate progressive AR dilatation associated with cardiac and vascular functional impairment. Future studies delineating aortic outcomes are necessary to determine whether AR dilation is indicative of maladaptive vascular remodeling in this population.
Oxytocin Improves Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes by Suppressing Neuronal Pyroptosis and Mitochondrial Fission
Authors: Yang Miaoxian , Deng Shuixiang , Jiang Junliang , Tian Mi , Xiao Lei , Gong Ye
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes severe sensorimotor dysfunction and cognitive decline which are aggravated by secondary brain injury, yet there are no effective management to alleviate these outcomes. Pyroptosis is strongly related to neuroinflammation, which plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological processes of secondary brain injury after ICH. OXT (oxytocin), as a pleiotropic neuropeptide, has multiple functions including anti-inflammation and antioxidation. This study aims to investigate the role of OXT in improving ICH outcomes and the underlying mechanisms.

METHODS:

C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the ICH model by autologous blood injection. OXT was administered intranasally (0.2 μg/g) after ICH. Combing behavioral tests, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, electron microscopy, and pharmacological approaches, we evaluated the effect of intranasal OXT application on neurological outcomes after ICH and explored the underlying mechanism.

RESULTS:

Endogenous OXT level was decreased, whereas OXTR (oxytocin receptor) expression was increased after ICH. OXT treatment improved the short-term and long-term neurological functions and alleviated neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation. In addition, OXT reduced excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress 3 days after ICH. OXT decreased the expression of pyroptotic and proinflammatory factors including NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3), ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), GSDMD (gasdermin D), caspase-1, IL (interleukin)-1β, and IL-18 and increased the expression of p-PKA (phospho-protein kinase A) and p-DRP1 (S637; DRP1 [dynamin-related protein 1] phosphorylation at Ser637). OXT-induced neuroprotective effects were blocked by either OXTR inhibitor or PKA inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intranasal application of OXT can ameliorate neurological deficits and alleviate neural pyroptosis, inflammation, and excessive mitochondrial fission via OXTR/p-PKA/DRP1 signaling pathway after ICH. Thus, OXT administration may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the prognosis of ICH.
“Pillar-Biters” and Beyond
Authors: Jütte Daniel
Published: June 2023

A common motif in late medieval and early modern Northern European art is the “pillar-biter.” Usually, the pillar-biter is depicted as a man who clings to a column while biting into it, but there are also representations of men and women who embrace or kiss columns. In the iconographic literature, the motif is usually linked to religious hypocrisy and the dissimulation of piety. But why did premodern Europeans associate columns and pillars with religious hypocrisy? To answer this question, the essay explores the pillar-biter motif in four different contexts: visual and linguistic traditions; ecclesiastical discourses and theology; popular piety and material religion; and, lastly, the sea change brought about by the Reformation. The column may seem a mere architectural element to the modern eye, but premodern viewers associated it with a host of religious practices and controversies that have fallen into oblivion.
Speakers’ Gestures and Semantic Analysis
Authors: Cienki Alan
Published: June 2023

The fact that an increasing number of scholars are approaching linguistic analysis from a multimodal perspective raises theoretical and methodological questions for the study of semantics. Taking a usage-based perspective, and the position that semantics is based in conceptual structures and processes, we see that gesture use relates to some key notions in cognitive linguistics. Gesture provides cues of possible mental simulation of concepts, it inherently involves spatial imagery, and gestures frequently objectify abstract concepts (through metonymy and metaphor). Both spoken language and gesture are dynamic phenomena, but gesture use relates to the accompanying speech on several time scales at once—concerning the level of words, of phrases, and of larger discourse units. Taking gesture into consideration in semantic analysis calls for rethinking the theoretical models for cognitive semantics, the methods of analysis we use, and the means of presenting those analyses. Currently this rethinking is still in its infancy.
Basic Emotion Prototypes in English and in Polish
Authors: Bąk Halszka , Altarriba Jeanette
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the conceptualization differences between the prototypical categories of six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise) in English and Polish lexicalizations of these concepts in noun, verb, and adjective forms. Measures of valence, arousal, and dominance were collected and analyzed across the six semantic categories, between parts of speech and depending on the gender of the study participants for both languages. The results indicate that the basic emotion prototypes in both languages have common characteristics hinging broadly on valence but have unique language-specific patterns of valence, arousal, and dominance across individual emotion categories. Conceptualizations of emotions were found to be different between men and women and across languages, while language-specific patterns were found in part-of-speech effects. These results have serious implications for future study designs and research methodology at the intersection of cognition, emotion, and language and in cross-linguistic contexts.
Glanes lexicales dans la littérature bio-hagiographique de Tunisie (seconde moitié du 7e/XIIIe-début du 10e/XVIe siècle) : présentation de quelques matériaux en arabe vernaculaire/semi-vernaculaire
Authors: Meouak Mohamed
Published: June 2023

This note offers some lexical data in vernacular/semi-vernacular Arabic collected in three texts written by the following North-African authors : Ibn al-Dabbāġ al-Qayrawānī (dead in 696/1296 or 699/1300), Ibn al-Ṣabbāġ al-Ḥimyarī (dead after 733/1333) and ʿAlī b. Maymūn al-Ġumārī (dead in 917/1511). It is intended to remind the historian and the linguist of the interest there would be in examining the material in dialectal Arabic from Tunisia between the second half of the 7th/13th century and the beginning of the 10th/16th century in order to contribute, among other questions, to the development of a social history of linguistic uses. The lexical material is presented in Arabic script.
Sur le traitement des fricatives interdentales dans les parlers arabes contemporains : entre conservation et disparition
Authors: Guerrero Jairo
Published: June 2023

The present paper aims at making an inventory of the different reflexes displayed by Classical Arabic interdental fricatives in present-day Arabic dialects. It attempts to classify and categorize a wide range of realizations in order to better apprehend the variation affecting this set of phonemes. The goal of our study is to identify the general tendencies that govern the dynamics of maintenance and loss of interdental fricatives in Arabic vernaculars.
šafʿala-Verbs in Jordanian and Standard Arabic: A Lexical and Etymological Study in Light of Semitic and Classical Arabic Philology
Authors: Ritter Oliver , Thawabih Haytham , Al Salman Salah
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the etymological origin of verbs like šaqlaba, šaḥtafa and šaḥṭaṭa, which are relatively common in Jordanian and other Arabic dialects of the Levant. While Arabic grammarians and philologists have identified these verbs as quadriliteral and mostly colloquial, the article contends that they could often be regarded as augmented or linked (mulḥaq) triliteral verbs, which are also found in Classical Arabic, and that the letter šīn is not a root letter but a prefix, which is common in many Semitic languages.
Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIII): Reduction of D. conaense to the synonymy of D. bhutanicum, a species newly reported for China
Authors: YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: June 2023

Based on critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Delphinium bhutanicum (Ranunculaceae), previously recorded only from Bhutan, is distributed also in southern Xizang (Tibet), China. We also determine that D. conaense, described from Cona in southern Xizang, is conspecific with D. bhutanicum. We therefore report D. bhutanicum as a newly recorded species for China and place D. conaense in synonymy with it herein.
Use of monocular orthokeratology lenses in children with myopic anisometropia
Authors: Li Kun-Ling , Wang Jing , Zhao Heng , Li Jie , Zheng Li-Ya , Si Jin-Tao , Li Li , Chen Peng , Chen Guang
Published: June 2023

To investigate the effect of using monocular orthokeratology lenses on the axial length and progress of anisometropia in children. We studied 30 children aged 8–12 years with myopic anisometropia who underwent monocular orthokeratology treatment. We divided them into an orthokeratology-using
group (using group) and a group that did not use it (non-using group). We compared the changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), axial length, refractive error, and other parameters of both eyes before and after one year of using the orthokeratology lenses. After one year of using monocular
orthokeratology lenses, the UCVA in the using group (LogMAR) improved from 0.58± 0.06 before treatment to −0.05± 0.08 after treatment. The difference in the refractive error before and after treatment in the using group was 0.06 D±0.11 D, and it was –0.51 D±0.29
D in the non-using group. The difference in the refractive error between both eyes decreased from –2.33 D±0.59 D before using the orthokeratology lenses to −1.88 D±0.77 D after treatment. The difference in the axial length between both eyes decreased from 0.73 mm±0.21
mm before using the orthokeratology lenses to 0.48 mm±0.19 mm after treatment. The results of this study revealed that using monocular orthokeratology lenses was effective in controlling the increase in axial length and the worsening of myopia, and could effectively correct anisometropia.
Facile fabrication of chitosan/polysialic acid composite hydrogels crosslinked with tannic acid to enhance wound healing after cesarean section
Authors: Mo Weiwei , Chen Yi , Zhang Xiahui , Fan Yunlong , Liao Meimei
Published: June 2023

Infections and post-wound healing following a cesarean section are among the most challenging complications of surgery. In the current study, novel chitosan/polysialic acid (CTS/PSA) crosslinked hydrogels were designed and employed as superficial wound dressings to increase the healing
ability of cesarean wounds and prevent bactericidal infections. The impact of crosslinking was more pronounced with a lower concentration of tannic acid (TA), which still formed a crosslinked network. The impact of TA crosslinking on CTS/PSA hydrogel system was 15 wt% TA. The morphology of
the hydrogels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The pore sizes of CTS/PSA, TA@CTS/PSA-5%, TA@CTS/PSA-10%, and TA@CTS/PSA-15% were 96.7±6.3, 122.3±7.1, 166.8±9.3, and 271.2±20.3 μm, respectively. In addition, the swelling
ratio, degradation, and mechanical performance of the hydrogels were studied. The crosslinked CTS/PSA hydrogels were shown to be effective against the gram-positive and gram-negative strains of S. aureus and E. coli. Furthermore, the TA@CTS/PSA hydrogels exhibited good cytocompatibility
towards non-cancerous L929 fibroblast cells. The results demonstrated that TA@CTS/PSA hydrogels are potential dressings for post-cesarean-section wound care.
Study on SERS methods for detection of chlorpyrifos in tea based on aptamer controlled gold-doped fullerence carbon dots catalyzed nanogold reaction
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Li Guanli , Wu Mei , Pang Yongfeng , Nie Hui , Wu Shujie , Tang Xiaoxian , Luo Yanghe , Li Xiaolong
Published: June 2023

Gold-doped carbon dots (CDAu) were simply and quickly prepared via microwave procedure using fullerene as a precursor, a rapid detection method for chlorpyrifos was established using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) combined with aptamer (Apt) controlled gold-doped
carbon dots catalytic reaction. As the result, the SERS intensity decreased due to the aptamer inhibited the CDAu catalytic reduction of chlorauric acid by glucose. However, in the presence of chlorpyrifos, SERS intensity increased linearly with the concentration of chlorpyrifos
in the range of 12.8–432.8 ng/L, the correlation coefficient was R2 = 0.9961.
Can We Estimate the Uncertainty Level of Satellite Long-Term Precipitation Records?
Authors: Petković Veljko , Brown Paula J. , Berg Wesley , Randel David L. , Jones Spencer R. , Kummerow Christian D.
Published: June 2023

Several decades of continuous improvements in satellite precipitation algorithms have resulted in fairly accurate level-2 precipitation products for local-scale applications. Numerous studies have been carried out to quantify random and systematic errors at individual validation sites and regional networks. Understanding uncertainties at larger scales, however, has remained a challenge. Temporal changes in precipitation regional biases, regime morphology, sampling, and observation-vector information content, all play important roles in defining the accuracy of satellite rainfall retrievals. This study considers these contributors to offer a quantitative estimate of uncertainty in recently produced global precipitation climate data record. Generated from intercalibrated observations collected by a constellation of passive microwave (PMW) radiometers over the course of 30 years, this data record relies on Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission enterprise PMW precipitation retrieval to offer a long-term global monthly precipitation estimates with corresponding uncertainty at 5° scales. To address changes in the information content across different constellation members the study develops synthetic datasets from GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) sensor, while sampling- and morphology-related uncertainties are quantified using GPM’s dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR). Special attention is given to separating precipitation into self-similar states that appear to be consistent across environmental conditions. Results show that the variability of bias patterns can be explained by the relative occurrence of different precipitation states across the regions and used to calculate product’s uncertainty. It is found that at 5° spatial scale monthly mean precipitation uncertainties in tropics can exceed 10%.
Management of an Unexploded Intracorporeal Firework in a Low Resource Setting: Case Report and Tips
Authors: Bartholomew Reid K. , Evans Dustin , Ahmeti Mentor
Published: June 2023

Surgical removal of unexploded ordnance has been described in literature, usually in the context of the military. We describe a case of a 31-year-old gentleman who presented with a traumatic fireworks injury resulting in an unexploded three-inch aerial shell lodged in his left upper thigh. The sole regional Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) expert was not available, so a local pyrotechnic engineer was contacted and he helped in identification of the firework. The firework was removed without the use of electrocautery, irrigation, or metal instrument contact after skin incision. The patient recovered well after prolonged wound healing. Creativity needs to be employed in low resource settings to identify all available resources that can impart knowledge when medical training is not enough. People with knowledge of explosives can be, as in our case, local pyrotechnics engineer or can be local cannon enthusiasts, veterans, or active military personnel at a nearby military base.
Centralization, Elite Capture, and Service Provision: Evidence From Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hsu Yumin
Published: June 2023

Much recent work has debated the effect of decentralization on service provision, its underlying mechanisms, and the tradeoff between responsiveness and elite capture. This study contributes to that debate by investigating a rare partial rollout of institutional change that reversed administrative, fiscal, and political decentralization in Taiwan. Utilizing a difference-in-differences design, I find that centralization decreases public goods provision and that such a negative effect is stronger and more robust on those public goods that involve greater local government activity. Additional evidence related to mechanisms suggests that the loss of proximity and accountability in service delivery after centralization can be critical. The effect heterogeneity results do not constitute strong evidence that centralization significantly improves service provision in areas with higher levels of local elite capture. These findings highlight the importance of decentralization’s responsiveness advantages in improving local service provision and advance the policy debate on local institutional choice.
Short but Critical?: How “Fake News” and “Anti-Elitist” Media Attacks Undermine Perceived Message Credibility on Social Media
Authors: Bos Linda , Laura Egelhofer Jana , Lecheler Sophie
Published: June 2023

Citizens increasingly turn to social media for information, where they often rely on cues to judge the credibility of news messages. In these environments, populist politicians use “fake news” and “anti-elitist” attacks to undermine the credibility of news messages. This article argues that to truly understand the impact of these criticism cues, one must simultaneously consider additional contextual cues as well as individual-level moderators. In a factorial survey, we exposed 715 respondents to tweets by a politician retweeting and discrediting a news message of which topic and source varied. We find that both the fake news cue and the anti-elitist cue have limited across-the-board effects but decrease credibility if the message is incongruent with voters’ issue positions. Our results thus offer a more optimistic view on the power of populist media criticism cues and suggest that source and confirmation heuristics are (still) stronger influences on citizens’ credibility evaluations.
“When You Carry a Lot”: The Forgotten Spaces of Youth Prison Schooling for Incarcerated Disabled Girls of Color
Authors: Cabral Brian , Annamma Subini Ancy , Morgan Jamelia
Published: June 2023

Context:

The Crouse decision from 1838 laid precedent to the positioning of prisons as sites where education takes place. With a massive expansion of youth carceral facilities since then, alongside the prison-schools within them, we continually rely on prison-school spaces as places where youth are brought to experience education and punishment. While the wider population of youth who are incarcerated in the United States has significantly reduced since the year 2000, the reduction of incarcerated Girls of Color has not. Many incarcerated Girls of Color are also disabled. Thus, it is within this context that we explore the prison-school space as a site that is intended to provide robust educational opportunities.

Focus of Study:

In this article, we repositioned disabled incarcerated Girls of Color as knowledge generators and as experts well positioned to describe existing prison-school practices and alternatives to prison-school. Through the conceptual frames of forgotten places and the destructive practices within, we focused on the lived experiences of disabled incarcerated Girls of Color in SYRAD, a Midwestern maximum-security youth prison, to address our main research question: What are the education experiences of disabled Girls of Color in prison-schools?

Research Design:

Our qualitative study is part of a larger project that included 14 disabled incarcerated Girls of Color. Throughout the year, the girls were enrolled in a credit-bearing course with the principal investigator and research team. Our full corpus of data included interviews with the girls (23) and adults in the youth prison (6); classroom observations (25); education journey maps (10); focus groups (4); field notes (20); and classroom artifacts (21). For this study, we mainly focused on the initial interviews with the girls in which they discussed topics related to their experiences in a prison and prison-school.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Our analyses showcased that prison-schools do not offer robust educational opportunities as claimed by the Crouse decision. Instead, the collective experiences of disabled incarcerated Girls of Color in our study were saturated with destructive prison-school practices. Three main findings emerged in our analysis that framed prison-school educational spaces as “concentrated sinks” of destructive practices: (1) curricular reduction, (2) remedial pedagogy, and (3) relational antagonism. Further, the girls offered robust explications on why naming and describing destructive practices is important, especially “when you carry a lot” as an incarcerated disabled Girl of Color in a forgotten place of prison-school. These findings led us to the need for an eventual abolition of prisons and prison-school spaces that can be anchored in a DisCrit abolitionist imaginary in the meantime.
An innovative approach to working with children who have experienced developmental trauma: An introduction to the Building Underdeveloped Sensorimotor Systems (BUSS®) model
Authors: Lloyd Sarah
Published: June 2023

BUSS® (Building Underdeveloped Sensorimotor Systems) is an innovative treatment model for children who have experienced developmental trauma. It is based on an understanding that just as a baby needs responsive, attuned and empathic relationships to grow and develop psychologically, attention needs to be given to the impact of the absence of these kinds of relationships on a child’s bodily development and regulation. The premise underpinning BUSS® is that these two processes – the need for an attuned caregiver and the progression through predictable stages of motor development – are inextricably linked; one cannot happen without the other. A case study is used to illustrate this innovation in practice, its frame of reference, methods and evaluation. Improvements were seen in physical development, parent–child relationships, cognitive functioning, self-esteem and confidence in parenting capacity. Consideration is given to how this model fits alongside therapies for children who have experienced developmental trauma and their families. This early evidence suggests that BUSS® is a clinically effective and cost-effective intervention that has positive benefits on physical and psychological development for children who have been impacted by early trauma. Further research will be required to establish both the consistency of outcomes and the mechanisms underlying its efficacy, especially in relation to psychological changes.
The motivations and decision-making processes of parents who adopt older children
Authors: Palmer Claire Elizabeth , Coffey Amanda , Rees Alyson
Published: June 2023

This article explores the motivations and decision-making processes of parents who adopt older children from the UK care system. It draws on interview data from parents from 14 adoptive families to consider what influenced their decision to adopt an older child. Data were analysed thematically, and the analysis was theoretically informed by the concept of adoption as a ‘marketplace’. The study shows how prospective adoptive parents can be influenced in their decision-making by the information they have been given or perceive about the state of the adoption marketplace and indicates that making choices and decisions around the characteristics of future children is often an uncomfortable aspect of the process. The participants cited moral reasoning and notions of fate as key factors influencing their decisions. The article concludes by making recommendations for practice.