bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Factors in Batterers
Authors: Mateo-Fernández Pedro V.
Published: January 2025

This study examines the neuropsychological factors associated with batterers in the context of gender-based violence, providing a comprehensive view of the cognitive and emotional dysfunctions that may contribute to violent behavior. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature, consistent patterns of impairments in executive functions, inhibitory control, emotional processing, and brain connectivity in batterers are identified. The findings reveal significant deficits in cognitive flexibility, planning, decision making, and emotion recognition, especially fear and sadness. In addition, abnormal patterns of connectivity between brain regions involved in emotional regulation and behavioral control are observed. The study highlights the interaction between neurobiological and psychosocial factors in the manifestation of violence, underlining the complexity of the phenomenon. The implications of these findings for the understanding of the neurobiological basis of gender-based violence, its repercussions in legal and forensic contexts, and the development of specific interventions are discussed. Finally, recommendations for future research are proposed, including the need for longitudinal studies, translational research, and the development of specific assessment tools. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying gender-based violence, informing both clinical practice and public policy in this area.
partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam pengelolaan sampah di kelurahan babakan sari kecamatan kiaracondong kota bandung
Authors: Al Ghifary Ghazy Fithrah , Hani Umi
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini berjudul “Partisipasi Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di Kelurahan Babakan Sari Kecamatan Kiaracondong Kota Bandung”. Kelurahan Babakan Sari ini adalah salah satu Kelurahan yang ada di Kecamatan Kiaracondong dengan luas lahan 88,1 Ha, dan menjadi kelurahan yang cukup padat penduduk, dengan kepadatan sebesar 44.516 jiwa. Kepadatan penduduk disuatu wilayah menjadikan populasi pengeluaran sampah menjadi meningkat di daerah tersebut, sampah rumah tangga menjadi salah satu pemasok sampah terbanyak di Kota Bandung. Kondisi penumpukan sampah yang masih terus meningkat setiap harinya mengharuskan berbagai tindakan lainnya perlu segera dilakukan, mengingat jumlah sampah yang tidak seimbang dengan pengelolaan sampah yang ada akan menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran dan juga perusakan lingkungan, oleh sebab itu pemerintah kota bandung mengharuskan setiap daerah tempat tinggal masyarakat untuk dapat mengelola sampah sendiri sebelum dibuang ke TPS, Pemerintah mengharuskan dari setiap kelurahan untuk punyai pengelolaan sampah seperti bank sampah, rumah maggot, dan pengelolaan sampah lainya. Partisipasi masyarakat sangat diperlukan dalam pengelolaan sampah ini dikarenakan masyarakat yang nantinya berperan aktif dalam pengelolaan sampah yang sudah diwajibkan oleh pemerintah Kota Bandung. Ibu rumah tangga menjadi pemeran utama dalam pengelolaan sampah sektor rumah tangga dikarenakan ibu rumah tangga lebih tahu sampah yang ada di lingkungan, dan dapat berperan aktif dalam pengelolaan sampah. Mengingat masih banyaknya ibu rumah tangga yang tidak melakukan pengelolaan sampah di rumahnya menjadikan masalah untuk pemerintah Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan teknik pemilihan informan dengan teknik purposive sampling, dengan menggunakan pengumpulan data (1) Observasi, (2) Wawancara mendalam dan (3) Studi dokumen. Jumlah informan yaitu informan kunci yang terdiri dari ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 5 orang, dan informan sekundernya terdiri dari 2 orang yaitu pihak Kelurahan dan Pihak Bank Sampah. Hasil penelitian ini peneliti menemukan informasi terkait partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam melakukan pengelolaan sampah. Terdapat faktor pendukung eksternal dan internal terhadap partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam pengelolaan sampah, seperti terdapatnya perkumpulan masyarakat peduli lingkungan, adanya dukungan dari lembaga masyarakat terkait, dan adanya timbal balik dirasakan seperti mendapatkan tabungan dalam melakukan pengelolaan sampah di Bank Sampah, selain itu juga adanya faktor penghambat internal dan eksternal yang dirasakan oleh ibu rumah tangga dalam melakukan pengelolaan sampah diantaranya faktor penghambat yang timbul dari keluarga, dan kurangnya inisiator dalam pengelolaan sampah.
Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas Fisik Melalui Keterampilan Seni Kriya di Yayasan Disabilitas Indonesia Satu Jakarta Timur
Authors: Apriliani Zahra , Heraerah Abu
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pemberdayaan, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, hasil yang dicapai, dan implikasi teoritis dan praktis pekerjaan sosial dalam pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas fisik melalui program keterampilan seni kriya di Yayasan Disabilitas Indonesia Satu.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini, sumber data atau sampel yang penulis pilih yaitu Nonprobability Sampling dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen dengan teknik analisis data yaitu Pengkodean Data (Coding).
Penelitian ini menghasilkan gambaran mengenai proses program pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas fisik melalui program keterampilan seni kriya di Yayasan Disabilitas Indonesia Satu melalui tahap awal yaitu kerja sama dengan stakeholderss dan menentukan tujuan program. Lalu tahap pelaksanaan diawali dengan tahap asesmen, intervensi atau pelaksanaan program yang terdiri dari pelatihan keterampilan dan bimbingan teknik, tahap selanjutnya yaitu monitoring dan evaluasi, dan tahap terakhir yaitu terminasi. Dalam proses pemberdayaan terdapat faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Faktor pendukung internal yaitu niat diri sendiri, partisipasi anggota yang lain, dan dukungan penuh dari yayasan. Faktor pendukung eksternal adanya dukungan CSR perusahaan dan relawan disabilitas. Faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan program ini yaitu yaitu rasa malas dan belum terbiasa untuk melakukan keterampilan. Adanya upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut agar pemberdayaan dapat berjalan sesuai tujuan program pemberdayaan yaitu meningkatkan semangat pelatihan keterampilan dan meningkatkan konsistensi dalam melakukan keterampilan.
Implikasi praktis pekerjaan sosial dalam program pemberdayaan disabilitas fisik melalui keterampilan seni kriya yaitu melalui peran pekerja sosial sebagai fasilitator, broker, dan enabler. Implikasi praktis juga menggunakan prinsip pekerjaan sosial yang terdiri dari penerimaan, individualisasi, dan penentuan nasib sendiri dan menggunakan keterampilan pekerjaan sosial yang terdiri dari komunikasi dan asesmen. Implikasi teoritis menggunakan metode pekerjaan sosial yang diterapkan dalam pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan ini yaitu Social Group Work, yaitu pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan secara berkelompok.
 
Kata Kunci : Pemberdayaan, Penyandang Disabilitas, Keterampilan Seni Kriya
Strategi Fundraising YAPPIKA-ActionAid Melalui Media Online
Authors: Adniy Syeira Rifdah , Irfan Maulana
Published: January 2025

Dalam era perkembangan teknologi yang pesat, penggunaan media online telah menjadi strategi yang sangat relevan dalam penggalangan dana untuk organisasi nirlaba. Sebagai salah satu organisasi nirlaba yang bertahan hingga saat ini, YAPPIKA-ActionAid memiliki strategi fundraising dalam pemenuhan pelaksanaan implementasi program. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan strategi fundraising di YAPPIKA-Actionaid melalui media online, dengan penekanan pada pendekatan multichannel fundraising. Dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka, penelitian ini menguraikan berbagai strategi fundraising yang digunakan oleh YAPPIKA-ActionAid, termasuk telefundraising, fundraising online, crowdfunding, dan community fundraising. Analisis mendalam tentang masing-masing strategi disajikan dan berfokus pada bagaimana cara YAPPIKA-ActionAid dalam memanfaatkan teknologi dan media online untuk mencapai tujuan penggalangan dana mereka. Kesimpulan artikel ini menekankan pentingnya strategi fundraising bagi lembaga pelayanan sosial serta keberhasilan YAPPIKA-ActionAid dalam memanfaatkan media online dengan strategi multichannel fundraising yang berhasil untuk mencapai keberlanjutan dalam pendanaan dan memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat yang mereka layani.
MODAL SOSIAL: PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI PASAR MUSTOKOWENI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN UMKM DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: RISAL SYAHLAN , Naufal Muhammad , Ulhaq M. Jia
Published: January 2025

Pasar Mustokoweni adalah pasar mingguan di kota Yogyakarta. Pasar ini dapat bertahan setelah Covid-19, dimana beberapa pasar sejenis lain berhenti permanen, meski dengan finansial yang tidak banyak. Karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pasar ini dapat bertahan melalui perspektif modal sosial dan melihat bagaimana manajemen dalamnya, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus, analisis penjodohan pola. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan rekam arsip. Validitas diuji dengan triangulasi sumber, teori, dan metode. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, dalam pengelolaan Pasar Mustokoweni pemimpinnya mengadopsi gaya kepemimpinan otokratik hal ini terlihat pada pemimpin yang menangani segala urusan manajerial seorang diri. Sedangkan untuk modal sosial yang nampak pada Pasar Mustokoweni, norma transparansi, jaringan kognitif, pola kepercayaan ability trust, resiprositas yang kurang nampak, dan sikap proaktif nampak pada pemimpin pasar.
Kata kunci: Pasar, Pengembangan UMKM, Modal sosial.
Penerimaan Diri pada Penyandang Disabilitas Netra di SLB Negeri A Pajajaran Kota Bandung.
Authors: Ardelia Syahda , Yuningsih Yuyun
Published: January 2025

Abstrak
Penelitian ini berjudul “Penerimaan Diri pada Penyandang Disabilitas Netra di SLB Negeri A Pajajaran Kota Bandung”. SLB Negeri A Pajajaran Kota Bandung ini adalah salah satu sekolah luar biasa tertua didirikan pada tanggal 24 Juli 1901 di Kota Bandung terkhusus untuk anak-anak penyandang disabilitas netra, dengan jenjang sekolah SD, SMP dan SMA. Penyandang disabilitas sendiri adalah setiap orang yang mengalami keterbatasan fisik, intelektual, mental dan sensorik (netra dan rungu) dalam jangka waktu yang lama yang dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sosial mengalami hambatan, secara terperinci bahwa disabilitas sensorik antara lain yaitu orang yang mengakami gangguan pada fungsi panca indera diantaranya netra/penglihatan dan rungu/tuli berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai penerimaan diri pada penyandang disabilitas netra usia remaja 12-24 tahun setara SMA. Mengingat bahwa banyaknya pandangan negatif masyarakat kepada remaja penyandang disabilitas netra membuat mereka memiliki penerimaan diri yang rendah dan sulit untuk bisa berinteraksi, berkomunikasi dan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan di lingkungan sosial. Adanya sekolah luar biasa khusus penyandang disabilitas netra ini memiliki bimbingan dan pelayanan khusus untuk meningkatkan penerimaan diri siswa-siswi penyandang disabilitas netra. Terdapat faktor pendorong dan penghambat serta solusi dalam upaya meningkatkan penerimaan diri pada penyandang disabilitas netra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan teknik pemilihan informan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu (1) Observasi, (2) Wawancara mendalam dan (3) Studi dokumen. Jumlah informan yaitu informan kunci terdiri 3 yaitu siswa-siswi penyandang disabilitas netra kelas 11 SMA dan informan sekunder 3 yaitu guru Bimbingan Konseling, Wali kelas dan guru keterampilan OMSK (Orientasi Mobilitas Sosial dan Komunikasi). Hasil penelitian ini peneliti menemukan informasi terkait adanya penerimaan diri yang berbeda yang dirasakan oleh penyandang disabilitas netra akibat kecelakaan dan disabilitas netra dari lahir. Penyandang disabilitas netra sedari lahir memiliki penerimaan diri dan kepercayaan diri yang baik, sedangkan penyandang disabilitas netra akibat kecelakaan cenderung memiliki penerimaan diri yang rendah dikarenakan mereka memiliki pengalaman dalam penglihatan. Dalam proses penerimaan diri tersebut tidak terlepas dari banyaknya hambatan-hambatan yang berasal dari lingkungan ataupun dari diri penyandang disabilitas netra sendiri.
 
Kata Kunci: Penerimaan Diri, Penyandang Disabilitas Netra.
Regional blockade in endoscopic surgical removal of pituitary adenoma
Authors: Akhmadov N , Nasibova E
Published: January 2025

Backround. The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach is gaining popularity as an alternative to the traditional technique for removing pituitary adenomas using an operating microscope. In transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors, bilateral regional anesthesia of the pterygopalatine fossa, performed through subzygomatic access, has been found to be the most optimal technique.
Methods. To investigate the effectiveness of combining regional anesthesia with general anesthesia in reducing intraoperative drug administration and minimizing patient stress, two groups of patients were formed. Group I (n=14) received general anesthesia, while Group II (n = 23) underwent bilateral regional anesthesia of the pterygopalatine fossa in addition to general anesthesia, along with nasal mucosa application anesthesia.
Results. The results of the study indicate that the inclusion of regional blockade in the general anesthesia protocol is advisable for the removal of pituitary adenomas using the endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach. This approach ensures hemodynamic stability and reduces the drug load during the operation.
Conclusions. In conclusion, the combination of regional anesthesia with general anesthesia ensures hemodynamic stability during both the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Analgesic efficacy of serratus anterior plane block v/s thoracic paravertebral nerve block in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Lalwani Jaya , Sahu Sonali , Manghnani Vritika
Published: January 2025

Background: Multimodal analgesia plays a vital role for adequate pain relief in postoperative period including regional nerve blocks in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries. The study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of serratus anterior plane block and thoracic paravertebral nerve block using ultrasound guidance in VATS.
Methods: Eighty patients scheduled for VATS under general anaesthesia, aged 18-65 years, ASA grade II & III were randomised to receive either SAP block (Group A) or TPV block (group B) after induction. Intensity of postoperative pain relief at rest & on coughing till 48 hours using VAS score, intraoperative hemodynamic changes, time to 1st rescue analgesia, complications and patient satisfaction score at 24th hour postoperatively were compared. Unpaired t-test and Chi- Square test were used for analysis. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: At rest, mean VAS scores in group B were slightly higher than group A till 18 hours, but the difference was statistically insignificant. At 24th and 48th hour, mean VAS scores were significantly more in group A than group B. On coughing, mean VAS scores at 12th, 18th, 24th, and 48th hour were significantly higher in group A as compared to group B (p<0.05). Mean time to 1st analgesic requirement was earlier in group A (20.97±4.9 hours) than group B (28.4±9.5 hours) (p<0.001). Both groups were hemodynamically stable with no side effects and no additional analgesic requirement. Patients in both groups at 24th hour were highly satisfied.
Conclusion: TPV block provided longer duration of post-operative analgesia both at rest and on coughing with delayed requirement of first rescue analgesia.
First stage reconstruction following surgical excision of a large arteriovenous malformation of the lower lip and tongue
Authors: Kamayana Jenisa , Adnyana I , Hamid Agus , Sanjaya I
Published: January 2025

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital lesions caused by deformity of the blood vessels. Around half of the AVMs are found in the craniofacial area, presenting with a progressive high-
Association between meningioma consistency and surgical outcomes
Authors: Shah Ishan , Chung Ryan S. , Liu Kevin , Cote David J. , Briggs Robert G. , Guerra Gage , Gomez David , Yang Max , Feng Jeffrey J. , Renn Alex , Shiroishi Mark S. , Hurth Kyle , Peterson Racheal , Zada Gabriel
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Tumor consistency, or fibrosity, affects the ability to optimally resect meningiomas, especially with recent trends evolving toward minimally invasive approaches. The authors’ team previously validated a practical 5-point scale for intraoperative grading of meningioma consistency. The impact of meningioma consistency on surgical management and outcomes, however, has yet to be explored. This study aimed to determine associations between meningioma consistency and presenting symptoms, tumor characteristics, and postoperative outcomes.

METHODS

A total of 209 surgically resected meningiomas were intraoperatively assigned a consistency grade according to a previously validated 5-point scale, ranging from extremely soft, suctionable tumors (grade 1) to firm/calcified tumors (grade 5). Presenting symptoms, tumor characteristics, postoperative complications, and surgical outcomes for these patients were prospectively collected. Tumor consistency was analyzed in three categories (grades 1 and 2, grade 3, and grades 4 and 5), using ANOVA, chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, and univariable logistic regression to evaluate associations between consistency and perioperative characteristics.

RESULTS

The study cohort included 209 patients, of whom 48 (23%) were males with a mean age of 55.0 ± 13.7 years. Meningioma consistency distribution was as follows: grades 1 and 2 (n = 23, 11.0%), grade 3 (n = 88, 42.1%), and grades 4 and 5 (n = 98, 46.9%). The majority of meningiomas were skull base tumors (n = 144, 68.9%). Higher-consistency tumors were associated with lower rates of gross-total resection (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13–0.46; p < 0.001), increased invasiveness (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.53–14.60; p = 0.007), tumor recurrence following resection (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.25–8.66; p = 0.016), reoperation (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.16–8.14; p = 0.024), and increased complication rates (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.05–4.15; p = 0.037). No significant associations were identified with preoperative symptoms, tumor size (mean 4.04 ± 1.50 cm), or duration of surgery (mean 4.26 ± 1.60 hours) (all p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Tumor consistency is associated with important meningioma characteristics and perioperative outcomes. A prior knowledge pertaining to meningioma consistency and tumor characteristics using advanced imaging is a priority and may provide surgeons with meaningful data to guide resection strategy and anticipate postoperative outcomes and complications.
A comprehensive multicenter analysis of clinical, molecular, and imaging characteristics and outcomes of H3 K27–altered diffuse midline glioma in adults
Authors: Sim Yongsik , McClelland Andrew C. , Choi Kaeum , Han Kyunghwa , Park Yae Won , Ahn Sung Soo , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon , Gardner Sharon , Lee Seung-Koo , Jain Rajan
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

The objective was to comprehensively investigate the clinical, molecular, and imaging characteristics and outcomes of H3 K27–altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG) in adults.

METHODS

Retrospective chart and imaging reviews were performed in 111 adult patients with H3 K27–altered DMG from two tertiary institutions. Clinical, molecular, imaging, and survival characteristics were analyzed. Characteristics were compared between adult and 365 pediatric patients from a previous multicenter meta-analysis dataset. Cox analyses were performed to determine predictors of overall survival (OS) in adult patients.

RESULTS

The median (range) age of adult patients was 40 (18–75) years, and 64 males and 47 females were included. Adults had a higher male proportion (57.7% vs 45.3%, p = 0.023), lower proportion of histological grade 4 (41.4% vs 74.0%, p < 0.001), and different tumor locations (p < 0.001) compared with pediatric patients; adults commonly showed a thalamus location (41.5%) followed by the spinal cord (27.0%), whereas pediatric patients predominantly showed a pons location (64.9%). The OS of adults was longer than that of pediatric patients (30.3 vs 12.0 months, p < 0.001, log-rank test). Older age at diagnosis (HR 0.96, p = 0.001), histologically lower grade (HR 0.25, p = 0.003), and gross-total resection of nonenhancing tumor (HR 0.15, p = 0.003) were independent favorable prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Adult patients with H3 K27–altered DMG showed distinct clinical, histological, and imaging characteristics compared to pediatric counterparts, with a significantly better prognosis. The authors’ results suggest that aggressive surgery should be pursued when deemed feasible for better survival outcomes.
Risk factors of short-term poor functional outcomes and long-term durability of ruptured large or giant intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Fukuda Hitoshi , Hyohdoh Yuki , Kawada Kei , Sorimachi Takatoshi , Suzuki Kaima , Kurita Hiroki , Uezato Minami , Chin Masaki , Okada Kei , Nakatomi Hirofumi , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Kawamata Takakazu , Morioka Jun , Nakahara Ichiro , Shimamura Norihito , Ohkuma Hiroki , Ichihara Nao , Ueba Tetsuya , Ikawa Fusao
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In particular, functional outcomes of SAH caused by large or giant (≥ 10 mm) ruptured intracranial aneurysms are worsened by high procedure-related complication rates. However, studies describing the risk factors for poor functional outcomes specific to ruptured large/giant aneurysms are sparse. In addition, high recurrence and rebleeding rates following treatment of such aneurysms remain a concern. This study aimed to clarify the specific risk factors for poor short-term outcomes and long-term durability of SAH due to ruptured large/giant intracranial aneurysms using a multicenter observational database in Japan.

METHODS

Data were obtained from 8 institutions participating in a multicenter repository of aneurysmal SAH in Japan. Among 5095 consecutive registered patients with SAH patients, 416 patients with SAH caused by ruptured large/giant (≥ 10 mm) saccular intracranial aneurysms were included. The authors investigated the risk factors for poor functional outcomes in patients with such aneurysms using multivariable analyses and subsequently investigated the interaction between these risk factors. The association between the treatment modality (direct surgery or endovascular therapy) and functional outcomes were finally analyzed using a propensity score–based method. The long-term durability of the treated aneurysms was evaluated by analyzing rebleeding.

RESULTS

Poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 3) at discharge were observed in 251 (60.3%) patients. Increasing aneurysm size was significantly associated with poor functional outcomes (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22; p = 0.003) by a multivariable logistic regression analysis, and such negative effects were more prominent in younger patients, those with a good initial neurological grade, and those treated with direct surgery by interaction analyses. Propensity score–based analysis revealed that patients treated with endovascular therapy had a higher chance of better functional outcomes (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.41–1.71; p = 0.03). Rebleeding 1 year after treatment was more frequent in the endovascular therapy (4.8%) than in the direct surgery (0.0%) group by survival analysis (p = 0.008, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing aneurysm size was identified as a risk factor for poor functional outcomes after SAH due to large/giant aneurysms and was affected by the interaction with other conventional risk factors. Endovascular therapy was more likely to be associated with better short-term outcomes; however, a higher delayed rebleeding rate after 1 year was a concern.
Repetitive and extensive focused ultrasound–mediated bilateral frontal blood-brain barrier opening for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ye Byoung Seok , Chang Kyung Won , Kang Sungwoo , Jeon Seun , Chang Jin Woo
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Focused ultrasound (FUS)–mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening is safe and potentially beneficial in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for the removal of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. However, the optimal BBB opening intervals and number of treatment sessions for clinical improvement remain undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and benefits of repeated and more extensive BBB opening alone.

METHODS

In this open-label prospective study, 6 patients with AD were enrolled from June 2022 to July 2023. FUS-mediated BBB opening was performed three times at 2-month intervals targeting the bilateral frontal lobes. 18F-florbetaben positron emission tomography (FBB-PET) was performed before the first procedure and after the third procedure. Patients were administered neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric evaluations.

RESULTS

All 6 participants completed the study without any acute treatment-related adverse events. An extensive area of BBB opening (mean 43.1 cm3), more than twice as large as the opening volume (mean 20 cm3) in the authors’ previous study, was confirmed by contrast-enhanced MRI. FBB-PET scans demonstrated a 14.9-Centiloid average decrease in Aβ plaques in 4 of the 6 participants (67%), but the Aβ plaques increased in 2 participants after BBB opening, compared with baseline. No significant changes were observed in the Korean version of the Mini–Mental State Examination in either group. Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores improved in 5 of 6 participants (83%), indicating an improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirmed the safety and efficacy of more frequent and extensive bilateral frontal BBB opening over multiple sessions in patients with AD. Furthermore, this is the first clinical trial to demonstrate improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms through BBB opening alone, without concurrent administration of antibody medications.
Awake, endoscopic lumbar interbody spinal fusion: 10 years of experience with the first 400 cases
Authors: Wang Michael Y. , Grossman Jay
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Awake, endoscopic spinal fusion has been utilized as an ultra–minimally invasive surgery technique to accomplish the goals of spinal fixation, fusion, and disc height restoration. While many techniques exist for this approach, this series represents a single institution’s experience with a large cohort and the evolution of this method.

METHODS

The medical records of a consecutive series of 400 patients treated over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Endoscopic decompression, expandable intervertebral spacer deployment, and percutaneous screws were combined with liposomal bupivacaine to allow for the surgery to be performed without general endotracheal anesthesia (GETA) in the vast majority of cases. Clinical and radiographic postoperative results were reviewed with special attention to surgical complications, in particular dorsal root ganglion (DRG) irritation.

RESULTS

All patients underwent surgery successfully without conversion to an open operation. Their mean age was 69.1 ± 10.4 years, and 42% of the patients were male. A total of 509 levels were fused, with the most common indication being spondylolisthesis (67.5%). The mean operative time was 84.6 ± 31.4 minutes, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 98 ± 63 ml, and the mean hospital length of stay was 1.93 ± 1.1 nights. Overall, 4.3% of the patients underwent planned GETA due to comorbidities, and 2% were converted to GETA intraoperatively. Eighty percent of the patients experienced > 75% improvement in leg pain, and 52% experienced > 75% improvement in axial back pain. Complications included transient DRG irritation (23%), adjacent-level disease requiring reoperation (3.5%), inadequate decompression (2.3%), and nonunion (1.8%).

CONCLUSIONS

This large case series demonstrates that awake, endoscopic spinal fusion is a viable option with acceptable clinical and radiographic results in a select patient population. Meticulous attention to detail is required to limit the rate of DRG irritation, achieve interbody height restoration, and mitigate nonunions.
Building on a Legacy: The Future of JRSMTE Under New Leadership
Authors: Bowen G. Michael , Tembrevilla Gerald
Published: January 2025

We – Michael Bowen and Gerald Tembrevilla – would like to introduce ourselves as the incoming Editors-in-Chief for JRSMTE, taking over from Dr. Stephen Cessna who has shepherded the journal over the last 4 years. During his tenure Stephen accomplished many things, including introducing the annual Special Issue for graduate students, now in its fourth year, and arranging for the journal to be indexed in DOAJ, Sherpa Romeo, and Index Copernicus. Dr. Cessna also started the process of having the journal indexed in other sources, and we plan on continuing these efforts, building upon the steps he has taken.
Model for integral codes for calculating containment thermohydraulics in severe accidents at nuclear power plants with a water coolant
Authors: Tomashchik D. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The article describes a model for calculating the containment thermal in severe accidents at nuclear power plants with a water coolant. The model is implemented in the SOCRAT integral code in the form of a CONT_TH module, which allows performing self-consistent calculation of parameters in a VVER reactor plant and a containment during a severe accident. In conjunction with other modules of the SOCRAT code, a realistic calculation of the transfer of radioactive substances to the containment is provided, which is necessary to calculate source term into the environment when justifying the safety of nuclear power plants, including probability safety assessment level 2. With a slight adaptation, the model can be used to calculate the parameters of containment in a water-cooled NPP as part of other integral codes.
Criterion of damaging effect caused by secondary arc discharge impact onto high-voltage solar batteries of the spacecraft
Authors: Valliulin V. V. , Nadiradze A. B.
Published: January 2025

One problem of space solar power engineering is how to increase the solar batteries (SB) operating voltage up to 100 V and higher. It makes possible to decrease greatly the cabling mass and the mass of voltage transducers, but it can cause secondary arc discharges (SAD) able to destroy SB structure and to decrease SB output power. In the present paper we analyse how to choose criteria of damaging effect caused by secondary arc discharge impact onto SB, which make possible to determine the prevalent impact mechanism, and to estimate permissible number of discharges in each point of the solar battery. In brief, we examine methods for determining experimentally criteria of damaging effect caused by SAD impact to SB.
Особенности инфракрасных спектров оливинов, содержащих изотопологи воды
Authors: Воропаев C. А. , Федулов В. С. , Душенко Н. В. , Джианго Я. , Маров М. Я.
Published: January 2025

Изучены особенности инфракрасных (ИК) спектров различных изотопных форм воды (-OH, -OD, H2O, HDO и D2O), входящих в кристаллическую структуру основных породообразующих минералов лунных морских базальтов — оливинов (форстерита). Представлены результаты численного моделирования (модуль CUSTEP, ПО Biovia Materials Studio) и экспериментальных исследований с помощью ИК-Фурье-спектрометра ФТ-801 с приставкой по методу нарушенного полного внутреннего отражения (НПО Симекс, Новосибирск). Численными расчетами показано, что форстерит может содержать гидроксильные группы -OH(D) в своей кристаллической решетке при определенных условиях. Экспериментально проверена возможность удержания различных изотопных форм молекулярной воды на поверхности форстерита и получены соответствующие ИК-спектры минерала с водяной пленкой. Проведено сравнение полученных теоретически и экспериментально ИК-спектров форстерита, содержащего изотопологи воды, с результатами наблюдений АМС Чандраян-1 и SOFIA.
Сравнение возможностей электромагнитной и маховичной систем ориентации сверхмалой космической солнечной обсерватории
Authors: Ролдугин Д. С. , Ткачев С. С. , Богачев С. А. , Кузин С. В.
Published: January 2025

Рассматривается движение наноспутника формата 3U-кубсат, оснащенного телескопом для наблюдения короны Солнца и регистрации солнечных вспышек в вакуумной ультрафиолетовой области спектра. Для поддержания заданной ориентации оптической оси телескопа используются электромагнитная и маховичная системы ориентации. Требование по точности стабилизации оптической оси составляет две угловые минуты в секунду. Проводится сравнение результатов работы обеих систем для солнечно-синхронной орбиты. Сформулированы условия успешного применения систем.
Detection of Chemically Hazardous Substances by Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Authors: Aleksandrova D. А. , Baberkina E. P. , Yakushin R. V. , Osinova Е. S. , Melamed Т. B. , Luzenina L. A. , Tsaplin G. V. , Tsaplin G. V. , Belyakov V. V. , Shaltayeva Yu. R. , Golovin A. V.
Published: January 2025

A comparison of chemical detectors based on ion mobility spectrometry used by rapid response services for the rapid detection and identification of a wide range of chemically hazardous substances has been carried out. The physical foundations of the registration method, the method of mathematical processing of spectra and determination of the ionic mobility of substances are presented. A procedure for the preparation of test samples of vapors of volatile organic compounds in a wide range of concentrations has been developed. To identify the compounds, domestic devices were used – the Kerber-T ion drift detector and the Segment stationary automatic gas detector. Their comparison in sensitivity and detection range in the identification of compounds was carried out. The research was conducted on a set of substances standardized to ensure safety in terrorist attacks. As a result of the work, ion mobility spectra for bromocyanum, carbon disulfide, and chloroacetone were obtained. The values of ionic mobility were determined, the dependences of the spectra of these compounds on the concentration in the air were investigated, as well as the limits of detection of substances. Possible mechanisms for the formation of the observed ion mobility spectra are proposed in accordance with the ionization characteristics of bromocyanate, carbon disulfide, and chloroacetone. Schemes of possible formation of monomeric and dimeric ions of compounds are shown. The generalized results of experimental studies, the peculiarities of the identification of compounds, taking into account the type of spectra, concentrations of substances and measurement conditions, are obtained.
РОЛЬ СИСТЕМИ НАВЧАННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ПЕРСОНАЛУ В ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ ЗРОСТАННІ ТА ЗАДОВОЛЕНОСТІ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ
Authors: БОЙКІВСЬКА Галина , ДУБЛЯНИК Ксенія , ОВЧАРУК Олександр
Published: January 2025

Статтю присвячено вивченню ключової ролі навчання та розвитку персоналу в сучасних організаціях. Аналізуючи наукові дослідження та досліджуючи практичні застосування, робота підкреслює важливість інвестицій у людський капітал для підвищення ефективності діяльності підприємства. Дослідження демонструє, що добре структурована система навчання та розвитку персоналу суттєво впливає на вдосконалення професійних навичок, знань та рівня задоволеності працівників. Наголошується на необхідності індивідуального підходу, який враховує конкретні потреби та цілі кожного співробітника. Крім того, робота досліджує різноманітні методи та стратегії ефективного навчання, включаючи навчання на робочому місці, проведення семінарів та онлайн-курсів. Дослідження також вивчає вплив навчання та розвитку на результативність організації, підкреслюючи його роль у підвищенні залученості, продуктивності та лояльності працівників. Робота акцентує на важливості створення культури навчання в організації, де працівники заохочуються до постійного професійного зростання та розвитку. Аналізуючи виклики та можливості у сфері розвитку людського капіталу, дослідження пропонує практичні рекомендації для організацій, спрямовані на вдосконалення їхніх ініціатив у галузі навчання та розвитку. Отримані результати свідчать про те, що комплексний та інтегрований підхід до навчання та розвитку персоналу є необхідною умовою для збереження конкурентоспроможності організацій у сучасних динамічних умовах бізнесу.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style on Employee Performance Mediated by Employee Competence at PT. East Makassar
Authors: Irwan Irwan , Idris Rabiatun , Fajriah Yana , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the direct influence of organizational culture variables, leadership style and employee competency on employee performance and the indirect influence of organizational culture variables and leadership style on employee performance with employee competency as mediation at PT. East Makassar. Primary data were obtained using a questionnaire with a saturated sample. The population was 43 respondents. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability with the PLS model scheme and model evaluation, as well as multicollinearity tests, inner model evaluations using the determinant coefficient test, goodness of fit model tests and hypothesis testing both directly and indirectly were carried out using the SmartPLS version 4 application. The results of the study directly showed that organizational culture variables have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, leadership style variables have no effect on employee performance, organizational culture variables have a positive and significant effect on employee competence, leadership style variables have no effect on employee competence and employee competence has a positive effect significant impact on employee performance. The research results indirectly show that organizational culture influences employee performance with employee competency as a mediator and leadership style does not influence employee performance with employee competency as a mediator.
Glycemic control parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under the fixed combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide
Authors:   KSMA — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, POZDNYAK A. O. , ELSUKOVA O. S. ,   Kirov State Medical University, NIKITINA E. A. ,   Kirov State Medical University
Published: January 2025

The purpose was to investigate the dynamics of glycemic control parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) under the fixed combination (FC) of insulin glargine and lixisenatide over 24 months of observation.

Material and methods. The study included 35 patients with T2DM who had not achieved target glycemic control parameters during previous hypoglycemic therapy. Anthropometric data, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glycemia, postprandial glycemia were assessed upon admission and 24 months after using the FC of insulin glargine and lixisenatide. Additionally, the frequency of symptomatic hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia during the observation period was analyzed.

Results. After 24 months of treatment with FC of insulin glargine and lixisenatide, a significant improvement in the analyzed parameters of glycemic control was achieved: a decrease in the level of HbA1c, fasting glycemia and postprandial glycemia. The weight of patients decreased by an average of 6.8 kg (p = 0.040). Hypoglycemic conditions and severe hypoglycemia were not registered.

Conclusions. The appointment of FC of insulin glargine and lixisenatide to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus led to an improvement in glycemic control and weight loss without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Quality of live in patients with corrected iron deficiency after myocardial infarction
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHASTIEVA D. R. , TARASOVA N. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, VALEEVA I. KH. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KHASANOV N. R. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: January 2025

Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with worse quality of life and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

The purpose — to study quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and iron deficiency during 12 months against the background of iron supplement intake.

Material and methods. 99 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and iron deficiency hospitalized in Kazan Clinical Hospital No. 7 were examined. The patients underwent iron deficit correction with supplements. After 3 months, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 69 (70%) patients with corrected ID and group 2 — 30 (30%) patients with persistent ID after the treatment. Quality of life was evaluated by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) within 24 hours and 3, 6, 12 months after MI.

Results. The mean of KCCQ summary points in the first 24 hours after admission was 66 ± 18 in group 1 and 77 ± 14 in group 2 (p = 0.04). In group 1, the mean KCCQ scores at 3, 6 and 12 months were significantly higher than baseline (p < 0.001) (71 ± 19, 74 ± 21, and 76 ± 10, respectively). In group 2, the mean KCCQ remained unchanged 12 months after MI. Patients with compensated ID had a 27-fold higher odds of improved quality of life at 12 months after MI than patients with persisting ID (OR = 27.0; 95% CI: 3.4–211.9).

Conclusion. Corrected ID is associated with a significant improvement of quality of life in comparison with persisting ID in patients within 12 months after MI.
Differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in children (part 2). Possibilities of laboratory and instrumental examination
Authors:   Republican Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases named after Prof. A.F. Agafonov, GATAULLIN M. R.
Published: January 2025

The search for clinical and laboratory markers specific for different pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been going on for a long time. Researchers attempt to assess the diagnostic value of clinical tests for the early diagnosis of pneumonia and its etiological variants, but no combination of signs has shown a high level of reliability so far. In this situation, specific diagnostic methods become especially valuable, such as instrumental, laboratory, biochemical, microbiological, molecular genetic, etc. However, there are still many pitfalls; etiological studies have a number of limitations. For example, a microbial culture isolated from the blood of children with CAP can indicate a specific etiology of the disease, but has generally low sensitivity. Samples of expectorated sputum obtained directly from the respiratory system have a fairly high sensitivity, but can also be positive in asymptomatic carriers. Induced sputum demonstrates greater specificity, but it is technically difficult to collect, the technique requiring special equipment. Studies of aspirates of pulmonary or pleural fluid are classified as invasive procedures, which complicates their widespread use. Washings are easier to collect, but contamination with upper respiratory tract flora is also possible. Serological tests may have different sensitivity, etc. The authors attempted to assess the informativeness of various laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods based on literature data.
Evaluation of thinning behaviour under the influence of plastic hardening and surface friction during small punch test
Authors: Pandit Sarthok Chandra , Alang Nasrul Azuan , Ferdous Imam Ul , Alias Juliawati Binti , Hassan Mohd Firdaus Bin , Ahmad Asnul Hadi Bin
Published: January 2025

Understanding the deformation response of the material involving thinning under small punch loading is vital to ensure structural integrity. This paper systematically investigates the effects of plastic hardening on the thinning process under different levels of surface friction between the punch, die and specimen. The small punch test conditions are modeled using Finite Element (FE) software of Abaqus. An axisymmetric model with a bi-linear constitutive material model incorporating different plastic hardening slopes is employed. Furthermore, the Coulomb’s friction coefficient between the disc-shaped specimen and the punch as well as the die varies between 0 (frictionless) to 0.7. The study found that the effect of plastic hardening on thinning process is negligible. On the other hand, the effect of thinning at the center of the specimen is significant under frictionless surface conditions. Thinning is observed to be dominant during the membrane stretching and plastic instability deformation stages. As the surface friction increases, the resistance to sliding deformation decreases. As a result, tensile instability is predicted at the location offset from the center of the specimen. Future efforts to model material behaviour and determine mechanical properties using small punch load conditions must consider the effects of friction.
Bruce Curtis, “Beryl on the Margins: A Memoir of Teaching ‘Under Disadvantages'"
Authors: Ellis Jason
Published: January 2025

Correction
Page 71. Two recently uncovered newspaper obituaries for Beryl’s stepmother from February, 1903 suggest that Beryl lost her hearing not in 1897, but rather in this later year. Both sources describe her as being deathly ill with both scarlet fever and diphtheria. Since she spoke so well in later life, it is likely at age 12, not age 5, that she lost her hearing.
Page 79, Figure 4. Beryl’s car is a circa 1920 Ford Roadster, not a 1930 Ford Model T Roadster as the caption says.
In Silico Toxicity Assessment of Organophosphates: A DFT and Molecular Docking Study on Their Interaction with Human Serum Albumin (HSA)
Authors: Verma Awadhesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study presents an _in silico_ analysis of the toxicity of Organophosphates (OPs) through their interaction with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) protein using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking approaches. Organophosphates, known for their widespread use as pesticides, have raised significant concerns due to their potential toxicological effects. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying OP toxicity, we conducted DFT calculations to determine the electronic properties and reactivity of selective OP compounds. Molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the binding affinity, interaction sites, and conformational changes of HSA upon exposure to OPs. The DFT analysis revealed key electronic descriptors, such as HOMO-LUMO gap and electrostatic potential, that indicate high reactivity of OPs with biological molecules. Docking results showed strong binding affinities between OPs and HSA, particularly at sites involved in metabolite and drug transport, suggesting potential interference with the protein’s native function. The interaction of OPs with HSA was further supported by molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed the stability of the OP-HSA complex over time. These findings provide critical insights into the molecular basis of organophosphate toxicity, emphasizing the importance of their interaction with HSA. The combined DFT and molecular docking approach offers a valuable framework for predicting the toxicological behavior of OPs and lays the foundation for further _in vitro_ and _in vivo_ studies.