bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Social Support and Relapse Tendency Among Those Who Struggle With Drug Addiction: Multiple Mediators of Exercise Self-Efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Jia Dongming , Zhang Kai , Xu Yuming
Published: January 2023

Based on social support theory and exercise promotion health theory, we verified the mediating role of exercise self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in the relationship between social support and the relapse tendency of Chinese people who struggle with drug addiction. Samples who had received traditional Chinese health-promoting exercise interventions over 3 months were recruited from two drug rehabilitation centres in Zhejiang Province ( n = 415). The participants completed the Social Support Rating Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Health Survey Short Form Questionnaire Chinese version, and Relapse Tendency Scale. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between social support, exercise self-efficacy, and quality of life. In contrast, social support, exercise self-efficacy, and quality of life were negatively correlated with relapse tendency. In addition, intermediary effect analysis showed that social support has a direct negative predictive effect on relapse tendency in two ways: as an independent intermediary of exercise self-efficacy and as a chain intermediary of exercise self-efficacy and quality of life. Good exercise habits and adherence, as well as early establishment of social support, are beneficial not only for reducing craving and relapse behaviour but also for enhancing the quality of life of people who struggle with drug addiction, thereby facilitating the recovery efficacy for maintenance.
How does war affect cultural tolerance? Evidence from concert programs, 1900–60
Authors: Kikuchi Masanori
Published: January 2023

How does war affect states’ tolerance toward foreign culture? It is well documented by historians that democratic countries, despite their heralded values of liberty and diversity, acquiesce and even promote the practice of cultural intolerance in wartime. The available evidence, however, remains either anecdotal or limited to a specific context, and the extent to which war-induced cultural intolerance persists has so far rarely been examined. In order to investigate the short- and long-term effects of war on the degree of foreign cultural acceptance, this article focuses on patterns of classical music performances before, during, and after the two World Wars, based on a novel dataset assembled from concert program notes of ten renowned symphony orchestras from five countries (Austria, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) between 1900 and 1960, covering 29,135 concerts and 125,530 pieces. Quantitative analysis suggests that the rate of performing pieces originating from belligerent countries in wartime declines markedly for music written in relatively modern times and that the defeat in wars led to a swift recovery of the exclusionary tendency against former enemy music. These findings demonstrate that states’ security concerns and relative power, rather than political regime types, dictate international transaction patterns, including cultural flows across sovereign state borders.
Transformation of Task Conflict Into Relational Conflict and Burnout: Enhancing Effect of Leader’s Discriminatory Effect
Authors: Hwang Jaesang , Shin Kanghyun
Published: January 2023

Organizational conflict was proposed by dividing it into task conflict and relationship conflict. However, conflict is dynamic and therefor, the conflict transformation is recognized as an important topic in organizational conflict. In particular, task conflict can be easily transformed into relationship conflict due to emotional expression and misattribution in the process of conflict. In addition, task conflict can negatively affect employees’ attitudes if it is transformed into relationship conflict even though task conflict can function properly. This transformation of conflict can become more active under certain conditions, and leaders play an important role in this transformation because leaders have an important influence on conflict management. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the transition from task conflict to relationship conflict on burnout and the moderating effect of leaders in the relationship between task and relationship conflict. To this end, surveying 721 employees in 15 departments, and multilevel mediation and moderation analysis were performed. As a result of analysis, employees’ burnout increased when task conflict transformed into relationship conflict. In addition, greater the LMX differentiation of leader, greater the effect of task conflict on relationship conflict. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed for leadership and conflict management.
Black Feminists in the Third Sector: Here Is Why We Choose to use the term Solidarity Economy
Authors: Hossein Caroline Shenaz , Pearson Megan
Published: January 2023

Many countries in the Global North use the term “social economy”—also known as the third sector—to describe economies run by citizens rather than by state or business actors. Over the years, many Black feminist scholars that we have worked with also share the view that the concept of the “social economy” is limited to a European understanding. It fails to acknowledge those actors in the third sector who are excluded from interacting with the government or private sector. There is an assumption that the social economy is “socially inclined” and that it is a sector able to “interact” with the state and capitalist firms. What happens when certain groups of people cannot interact with the state or private sectors due to systemic exclusion? We argue that to transform literature on the social economy, we must use the term solidarity economy. Rejecting the sanitized language of the social economy, we use critical discourse and case study analyses to show the worldwide use of the term solidarity. Our work draws on theories of community economy intentional community to argue that the solidarity economy is a site of contestation and a way to push for social change.
Does Cumulative Exposure to High-Poverty Schools Widen Test-Score Inequality?
Authors: Carbonaro William , Lauen Douglas L. , Levy Brian L.
Published: January 2023

Although there is an abundance of research on the association of school poverty (or socioeconomic status) and test score level, there is very little rigorous longitudinal evidence on the cumulative effects of exposure to differing school contexts. Drawing from methods used first in epidemiology and then in neighborhood effects research, we use population-level longitudinal data from North Carolina to estimate a structural nested mean model that permits proper adjustment for time-varying confounding. Unlike panel data studies using student fixed effects, which often report close to null findings, we find evidence of modest but significant negative effects of school poverty composition on eighth-grade reading and math test scores in models that control for third-grade test scores and baseline treatment status.
COVID-19: uncertainty in a mood of anxiety
Authors: Rumelili Bahar
Published: January 2023

This contribution to the Forum, Anxiety and possibility: the many future(s) of COVID-19, develops a conception of uncertainty as constituted by cognitive (awareness of possibilities) and affective (mood in which possibility is encountered) dimensions. Based on this conception, it is suggested that the COVID-19 crisis has led to a qualitative leap in our already growing sense of uncertainty, both accentuating our awareness of possibilities that are unforeseen, and rendering us attuned to the world in anxiety rather than fear.
Tracing the evolution of digitalisation research in business and management fields: Bibliometric analysis, topic modelling and deep learning trend forecasting
Authors: Talafidaryani Mojtaba , Jalali Seyed Mohammad Jafar , Moro Sérgio
Published: January 2023

Research on digitalisation trends and digital topics has become one of the most prolific streams of research within the fields of business and management during the course of the past few years. The purpose of this study is to provide a general picture of the intellectual structure and the conceptual space of this research realm. To this purpose, 6067 publications related to digital topics, indexed in the business and management categories of Web of Science (WoS), and dated from 1990 to 2020 are explored based on the approaches of bibliometric analysis, topic modelling and trend forecasting. The results of the bibliometric analysis comprise insights into the publication and citation structure, the most productive authors, the most productive universities, the most productive countries, the most productive journals, the most cited studies and the most prevalent themes and sub-themes on digitalisation in business and management. In addition, the outcomes of the topic modelling give new knowledge on the latent topical structure along with the rising, falling and fluctuating trends of this literature. In addition, the results of the trend forecasting enable readers to have a glimpse of how the underlying trends of the literature will probably change within the next years until 2025. These results provide guidance and orientation for both academics and practitioners who are initiating or currently developing their efforts in this discipline.
Trends and challenges of digital divide and digital inclusion: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Hoyos Muñoz Joiner Alexánder , Cardona Valencia Daniel
Published: January 2023

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are of great importance in today’s society and have permeated different aspects of human life. In fact, access to them is now considered a fundamental right. There exists, however, a gap between individuals and populations who have access to these technologies and those who do not, which has led to social exclusion. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the effects of this disparity. In this regard, digital inclusion, through ICTs, becomes a strategy to close not only technical but also social gaps, thereby bringing well-being to vulnerable groups and favouring compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Given the importance and topicality of this matter, we conducted a bibliometric analysis, which aims to answer what are the main trends in digital inclusion and digital divide studies and what are the challenges facing digital inclusion initiatives in the social context? For this purpose, we applied a search equation in Scopus and used VOSviewer. With this analysis, we were able to identify the evolution of publications over time and the main authors, countries and topics in the field, and the trends and challenges in digital inclusion initiatives. Finally, we conclude that this study can be used to address other research topics, such as the role of ICTs in the promotion of the SDGs through digital inclusion initiatives, the psychosocial aspects of technology adoption and the need for public policies that serve as a platform for digital and social inclusion.
White Parents’ Racial Socialization: Questionnaire Validation and Associations with Children’s Friendships
Authors: Hagan Courtney , Halberstadt Amy , Cooke Alison , Garner Pamela
Published: January 2023

White parents’ approaches to racial socialization can have significant consequences for children’s understanding of race, racial bias, and racial justice. Across three studies, we attempted to identify three racial socialization practices that White parents employ. In Study 1, 238 White parents self-reported their racial socialization practices and listed their children’s friends’ age, race, and gender. Exploratory factor analysis suggested evidence for three scales: race-consciousness, discussion-hesitancy, and race-evasiveness. Parents’ discussion hesitancy was positively associated, and race consciousness negatively associated, with the racial homogeneity of their child’s friendship group. In Study 2 (N = 79), White parents’ discussion-hesitancy was again positively associated with the racial homogeneity of their child’s friendship group. In Study 3, with 21 White parents and their children independently reporting, White parents’ discussion hesitancy was again positively associated with the racial homogeneity of their child’s friendship group. Parents’ comfort level when discussing race and parents’ intergroup contact provided additional validational evidence.
A Bayesian meta-analysis of topiramate’s effectiveness for individuals with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Fluyau Dimy , Kailasam Vasanth Kattalai , Pierre Christopher G
Published: January 2023

Background:

Topiramate (TPM) has the potential to become one of the most prominent treatment options for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We investigated the efficacy of TPM for AUD treatment, considering new randomized controlled trials carried out since the publication of four prior investigations.

Methods:

We searched six major databases, comparing TPM to placebo for AUD treatment. We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis. We conducted a meta-regression, analyzing the effect of age, TPM dosage, duration of treatment, gender, and attrition rate on the outcomes measured. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021286266.

Results:

TPM reduced heavy drinking days ( d = 0.401, Bayes factor (BF) = 23.088) and weeks ( d = 0.461, BF = 3.784), lowered alcohol craving ( d = 0.477, BF = 107.749), prolonged abstinence throughout the duration of trials ( d = 0.505, BF = 54.998), and decreased the amount of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the blood ( d = 0.345, BF = 39.048). The analysis pointed out that TPM could reduce anxiety ( d = 0.517, BF = 5.993). TPM’s efficacy in relieving alcohol withdrawal, minimizing relapse, and decreasing depressive symptoms was inconclusive. There was evidence of a meta-regression effect of attrition rate on heavy drinking days and craving and length of treatment on abstinence.

Conclusion:

TPM has the potential to become a key pharmacological agent in the treatment of AUD.
On Antonio Gramsci’s hidden concept: Fetishism
Authors: Fifi Gianmarco
Published: January 2023

The article sheds light on Gramsci’s use of the term fetishism. Despite not being as present and pervasive within the Prison Notebooks as other concepts, more deeply rooted in Gramscian scholarship (such as hegemony and historic bloc), fetishism is not as marginal in Gramsci’s reflection as it is usually believed. Linking his understanding of the term to the one developed by Marx and by the later unorthodox Marxist scholarship, I shall argue that fetishism can be seen as a key component of Gramsci’s theory of revolution or, better, of a theory of the failure of the revolutionary process. For this reason, the article will also link Gramsci’s occasional reference to fetishism to his use of more developed concepts such as common sense, hegemony and passive revolution. Fetishistic views of reality, in Gramsci, appear as facilitating the conservation of the status quo, while the re-acquisition of individual and collective responsibility that comes along with de-fetishising practices is the necessary component of any revolutionary project.
Impact of energy resources on sustainable economic development: Evidence from the Chinese economy
Authors: Hsu Ching-Chi
Published: January 2023

The economic development of any nation depends on energy production and consumption, thereby, needing more exploration from researchers. The current article thus makes an attempt to examine the role of REW and non-REW energy on the economic development in China. The current article has used renewable energy production (REP), and renewable energy consumption (REC) to measure renewable energy. The current research has used fossil fuel energy consumption, energy use, energy import, and electric power consumption to measure non-renewable energy. The present study has taken secondary data from world development indicators from 1986 to 2020. The article has applied the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lagged model to evaluate the association among the understudy constructs. The findings indicated that REP and REC, fossil fuel energy consumption, energy use, energy import, and electric power consumption are linked with economic development in a positive manner in China context. The study guides the regulators in establishing the regulations related to economic development through both type of energy resources.
Book review: Muhammadi Begum, A Most Noble Life: The Biography of Ashrafunnisa Begum (1840–1903)
Authors: Murmu Maroona
Published: January 2023

Muhammadi Begum, A Most Noble Life: The Biography of Ashrafunnisa Begum (1840–1903). C. M. Naim (Trans.) (Orient BlackSwan, 2022), 188 pages, ₹630 (Paperback). ISBN 9789354421150.
Book review: Kesav Desiraju, Gifted Voice the Life and Art of M. S. Subbulakshmi
Authors: Subramanian Lakshmi
Published: January 2023

Kesav Desiraju, Gifted Voice the Life and Art of M. S. Subbulakshmi (Harper Collins, 2021), 499 pages, ₹699. ISBN 9789390327546 (Paperback).
The Existential Issues and Attitude Toward Marriage in Single Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rezai Zahra , Rezapour-Mirsaleh Yasser , Aryanpour Hamidreza
Published: January 2023

Marriage and family formation has become a great challenge and a matter of concern in modern societies; it seems that one of the most important factors that can affect people's decision to get married is their attitude toward marriage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between existential thinking, meaning of life, existential loneliness, and attitude toward marriage in single youth. A cross-sectional correlational design was conducted in 377 university students (age ranged 18–22 years old) in Isfahan city, Iran. Findings of structural equation modeling showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between existential thinking and existential loneliness and a positive significant relationship between existential thinking and meaning of life. The existential loneliness had a negative effect on positive attitude toward marriage. The findings also revealed that existential thinking affects existential loneliness via influencing on meaning of life as a mediating factor. There was a negative and significant relationship between meaning of life and existential loneliness. Moreover, meaning of life had a positive significant relationship with attitude toward marriage ( p < .01). Regarding, premarital interventions that emphasize on existential issues may probably increase the positive attitude of single youth toward marriage.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Spanish Families Importance in Nursing Care: Nurses’ Attitudes Scale Through Classical Test Theory and Rasch Analysis
Authors: Alfaro-Díaz Cristina , Esandi Nuria , Pueyo-Garrigues María , Canga-Armayor Navidad , Forjaz Maria João , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Canga-Armayor Ana
Published: January 2023

Nurses’ attitudes toward families play an important role in improving relationships with patients’ families. It is essential to have valid and reliable instruments to assess nurses’ attitudes toward involving families. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the refined Spanish version of the Families’ Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses’ Attitudes (FINC-NA) according to classical test theory and the Rasch model ( N = 263). Cronbach’s alpha values were .73 to .87 and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from .72 to .86. Rasch analysis results suggested that it was a multidimensional scale with four dimensions and a simpler response scheme than the original scale. Except for one item, the scale was free from bias regarding age and experience time. The FINC-NA is a reliable and valid measure showing a good fit to the Rasch model and is ready to map nurses’ attitudes and measure the effectiveness of family nursing educational interventions.
COVID-19’s immuno-pathology and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Nasab Entezar Mehrabi , Aghajani Hassan , Makoei Reza Hassanzadeh , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
Published: January 2023

The pandemic of COVID-19 in worldwide causes recent millions of morbidity and mortality in all countries and is the most important challenge in the world in recent years. Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus and infection with COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung inflammation, cytokine storm, and death. The other complications include endothelial dysfunction, activation of coagulation, thromboembolic events, and vascular disease. Cardiovascular complications such as myocardial and stroke ischemia, pulmonary thromboembolism, systemic arterial, and deep vein thrombosis were reported. In this review, we presented immuno-pathological mechanisms and the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, heart, vessels, coagulation system, and molecular glance of immuno-inflammation to the COVID-19’s pathology on the cardiovascular system.
Peculiar clinical and diagnostic features of infective endocarditis in Yemen: Comparative analysis with a Western University Hospital
Authors: Al-Kebsi Mohammed , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Al-Kadasi Huda , Al-Muqayad Mohammad Hussain , Mangieri Enrico , Capotosto Lidia , Miraldi Fabio , Mastroianni Claudio , Vitarelli Antonio
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, characteristics, and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) in Yemen and compare the results with the findings of a Western university hospital. Patients (pts) with a final diagnosis of IE observed in Al-Thawra Sanaa Cardiac Center were prospectively enrolled in 1-year time period. Clinical and diagnostic findings were compared to clinical and diagnostic data of 50 pts with IE observed at Sapienza University Hospital in Rome, Italy. The mean age was 38 ± 6. Predisposing factors for IE were rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in 34 pts (68%), congenital heart disease in 9 pts (18%), prosthetic valve IE in 4 pts (8%), and previous IE in 3 pts (6%). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was done in 50 pts and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in 25. Blood cultures were taken in all pts and were positive in 3 pts (6%) and negative in 47 (94%). TTE was positive in 34/50 pts (68%) and TEE in 20/25 (80%). Compared to Sapienza University pts, Al-Thawra Cardiac Center pts had a younger age (p = 0.003), more predisposing RHD (p = 0.0004), less prosthetic heart valves IE (p = 0.002), and more negative blood cultures (p = 0.0001). IE is still a common disease in Yemen among RHD pts and affects the younger age group. It has severe complications which need early diagnosis and proper management. Echocardiography is of prime diagnostic value in the absence of positive blood cultures. An effort should be made to prevent rheumatic fever and RHD.
The role of phenylalanine levels in the neuropsychological and neuroanatomical status of adult patients with phenylketonuria: The impact of fluctuations
Authors: Costa-Lathan Christian , Vazquez-Agra Nestor , Marques-Afonso Ana-Teresa , Cruces-Sande Anton , Martinez-Olmos Miguel-Angel , Araujo-Vilar David , Hermida-Ameijeiras Alvaro
Published: January 2023

We aimed to evaluate the role of plasma phenylalanine (Phe) levels and its fluctuations in some neurocognitive domains and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in adult patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). It was an observational study that included patients older than 18 years with early-treated classical PKU. Plasma Phe levels were measured every other month throughout 2 years and predictor variables were the mean, maximum (max), minimum (min), range (min–max), and plasma Phe levels at the time of cognitive testing. Patients were evaluated for executive function, processing speed, visual attention, and fluid cognitive abilities using the Trail Making Test (TMT) and for the presence of brain MRI abnormalities. In all, 22 patients with a mean age of 34 years were included, of which 18 (81%) were women. Patients with higher range and maximum Phe levels had a poorer time-based performance on TMT form A and form B. Patients with brain MRI abnormalities had higher range, maximum, and mean Phe levels. Range of Phe levels showed a good performance for MRI abnormalities (area under the curve (AUC): 0.881, standard error (SE): 0.095, 95% CI: 0.695–0.999, p = 0.044) and for the poorest time-based performances on TMT form A (AUC: 0.822, SE: 0.092, 95% CI: 0.641–0.999, p = 0.024) and B (AUC: 0.816, SE: 0.094, 95% CI: 0.632–0.999, p = 0.021). Greater Phe variability may have a negative impact on some neurocognitive domains and could be related to the severity of brain structural damage in adult patients with PKU.
Knowledge, Practice, and Factors Affecting Sunlight Exposure of Infants Among Mothers at Governmental Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Goshiye Debrnesh , Biset Gebeyaw , Abegaz Zinet , Birrie Endalk , Gedamu Sisay
Published: January 2023

Background:

Human being needs sunlight for physical and mental well-being. Sunlight helps the body to produce vitamin D, an important vitamin for skeletal development, immune function, and blood cell formation. So, the community should be counseled to get sufficient sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation to uphold the serum 25 (OH) D levels. This study designed to assess the mothers’ knowledge, practice, and factors affecting the sunlight exposure of their infants.

Methods:

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at governmental health facilities in Dessie Town, 2021. A total of 398 mothers were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Data were entered into the EPI data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 23. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed. In multivariate analysis, a significant association was considered at P-value of <.05.

Results:

Response rate was 98.9%. About 76.6% and 58.9% of the mothers had poor knowledge and poor practice regarding sunlight exposure of infants respectively. Mothers’ occupation (aOR = 0.124, 95% CI = 0.042, 0.365), mothers’ source of information (aOR = 18.604, 95% CI = 7.564, 45.75), and attitude (aOR = 2.773, 95% CI = 1.474, 5.215) had showed a significant association with mothers’ knowledge. On the other hand, mothers’ age (aOR = 3.191, 95% CI = 1.334, 7.633), mothers occupation (aOR = 4.226, 95% CI = 2.321, 7.694), and baby age (aOR = 1.989, 95% CI = 1.260, 3.140) had a significant association with their practice about sunlight exposure of infants.

Conclusion:

Mothers’ knowledge and practice of sunlight exposure of infants are poor in Dessie Town. Hence measures should be taken to increase and improve mothers’ responsiveness of sunlight exposure of infants.
Synthesis, characterization, and liquid injection field desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis of pincer ligated group 6 (Cr, Mo, W) carbonyl complexes
Authors: Duletski Olivia L. , Arulsamy Navamoney , Mock Michael T.
Published: January 2023

We report the synthesis of molybdenum and tungsten bromo dicarbonyl complexes (POCOP tBu)MIIBr(CO)2 (M  =  Mo or W; POCOP tBu  =  κ3-C6H3-1,3-[OP( tBu)2]2) supported by an anionic PCP pincer ligand, and the chromium complex (PNP tBu)Cr0(CO)3 (PNP tBu  =  2,6-bis(di- tert-butyl-phosphinomethyl)pyridine) bearing a neutral PNP pincer scaffold. The three group six complexes described in this study have been characterized by Liquid Injection Field Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LIFDI-MS), NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies show the MoII and WII complexes adopt a six-coordinate distorted trigonal prismatic geometry, whereas the Cr0 complex exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry.
An ethical approach to shared decision-making for adolescents with terminal illness
Authors: Smith Hunter , De Jesús Vivian Altiery , Kelly-Hedrick Margot , Docchio Cami , Piotrowski Joy , Berger Zackary
Published: January 2023

Shared decision-making is a well-recognized model to guide decision-making in medical care. However, the shared decision-making concept can become exceedingly complex in adolescent patients with varying degrees of autonomy who have most of their medical decisions made by their parents or legal guardians. The complexity increases further in ethically difficult situations such as terminal illness. In contrast to the typical patient-physician dyad, shared decision-making in adolescents requires a decision-making triad that also includes the parents or guardians. The multifactorial nature of these cases can overwhelm treatment teams, with minimal guidance on how to best approach the patient–parents–physician dynamic in an ethically appropriate manner. Estimated time left to live is the paramount ethical consideration for such cases with respect to shared decision-making. This paper offers a sliding scale to serve as a grounding reference for clinicians who care for terminally ill adolescents and hospital ethics committee members for initiating and guiding the ethical discussion for these patients. This paper also elucidates several other ethically salient features inherent to many of these cases, including quality of life, treatability of disease, cultural influences, among others. Yet how each of these variables is weighed is dependent upon the specific circumstances of each individual case. Ultimately, shared decision-making in adolescent patients with terminal illnesses must be a collaborative and ongoing process that thoughtfully weighs the values and ethical responsibilities of the patient, parents, and physician to ideally reconcile differences and come to a consensus on the best management option for each individual patient.
“Do No Harm”: Promoting Anti-Racist Policing in Pediatric Emergency Departments Through 20 Practice Change Considerations
Authors: Wells Jordee M. , Walker Valencia P.
Published: January 2023

Children represent some of the most vulnerable and most valuable members of society. When acutely ill or injured, pediatric emergency departments (EDs) provide first line, specialized care for children and adolescents. Unique and unpredictable, the pediatric ED environment requires a wide range of health care professionals to care for children and their families and often includes hospital-employed security professionals and local law enforcement personnel to ensure safe and protective spaces paramount for optimal patient care. However, an active policing presence within environments designed to promote healing can paradoxically contribute to harm, particularly for Black and Brown patients. As health care systems pledge to dismantle structural racism and achieve health equity, efforts must include anti-racist reforms of threat management systems within clinical environments. We propose assessment and evaluation of current security and police encounters within pediatric EDs. We call for institution of policies that mitigate biases, address medical mistrust, distinguish clinical from criminal aggression, and minimize punitive contact with police. We outline a multitiered, patient-centered approach to disruptive and violent acts that prioritizes prevention, early intervention, and de-escalation strategies with a goal of reducing the perceived need for policing presence in pediatric EDs.
How to Get to Where They Are: Notes From an Open Group With Unhoused LGBTQIA2S+ Youth
Authors: Gross E. B.
Published: January 2023

Mental health professionals aim to engage our clients with “accurate empathy”: a nonjudgmental understanding of each person’s starting point and experiences that is in tune with their perspective. This article explores the challenges and importance of developing this type of engagement in complex contexts, using the lens of group work with a disparate set of LGBTQIA2S+ young adults whose identities, backgrounds, and experiences differed from one another and from the facilitator. The author reflects on experiences from a grant-based position creating and running a trauma-informed support group in an emergency shelter for unhoused LGBTQIA2S+ young adults in a major U.S. city, including the impact of common issues in the field such as staff turnover, confusion about roles and needs, and support. The article describes lessons learned about the importance of language choice, self-reflection, and the need to confront and build on differences to create a shared process of support.
Speech-Language Pathologists and Culturally Competent Intervention
Authors: Mixson Anna , Hamilton Megan-Brette , Plumb Allison M. , Sandage Mary J.
Published: January 2023

This study explored the demonstration of culturally responsive service provision when planning intervention by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). A fifteen-item survey revealed (a) SLPs consider culture when choosing therapeutic materials, and (b) family structure was the cultural factor selected by the most SLPs, followed closely by race and/or ethnicity. Religion was the least commonly selected cultural factor. Knowledge of multiple factors of culture should be considered to provide culturally competent intervention.
The Millennial Medium: The Interpretive Community of Early Podcast Professionals
Authors: Laughlin Corrina
Published: January 2023

Through evidence gathered from sixteen interviews with producers and businesspeople in the podcast industry, this paper argues that the professionals that populated the early phase of the formalizing podcasting scene made up an interpretive community defined, in part, by their appreciation for, and experiences with, public radio. I chart how this interpretive community cast themselves against dominant public radio paradigms when they moved into podcasting, while also retaining much of public radio’s ethos, and I discuss what the central preoccupations of this interpretive community were. I assert that audio broadcasting as understood and practiced within the interpretive community is a particularly millennial medium, influenced by the norms of digital communication. And I make claims about how this is foundational to understanding podcasting’s political and aesthetic predispositions. Ultimately, this argument advances and nuances one connection between public radio and podcasting using qualitative interview data.
Maximum amplitude and mean platelet volume in the blood as biomarkers to detect lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with ground-glass nodules
Authors: Feng Hao , Huang Gaigai , Cao Boxiong , Zan Ziliang , Wei Qiang
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The development and progression of malignancies are closely linked to hypercoagulability. As an early type of lung adenocarcinoma, ground glass nodules (GGNs) have been detected increasingly. Blood Maximum amplitude (MA) and mean platelet volume (MPV) are related to various conditions of hypercoagulability. Therefore, the role of MA and MPV in diagnosing lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with GGNs was investigated in this case-control study.

Methods

The analyzed data of this study is derived from GGNs patients and healthy individuals in West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University. The differences between GGNs patients and healthy individuals were determined by one-way ANOVA, logistic regression or chi-squared test. The accuracy of diagnostic was performed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The relative mRNA expressions were studied by RT-qPCR.

Results

470 patients diagnosed with GGNs which benign lesions (BN group) are inflammatory and malignant lesions (LC group) are adenocarcinoma in stage IA, and 235 healthy subjects (HC group) were enrolled in this study. Levels of MA and MPV were increased in LC group compared with BN and HC group ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001). When we combined MA and MPV, MA and MPV presented a sensitivity (SEN) of 0.809 and a specificity (SPE) of 0.774. And the area under the curve (AUC) increased to 0.871 (0.837–0.900) when confidence interval was 95%.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that there have been systemic changes in coagulation disorders in the pathogenesis of GGNs. The diagnostic ability to different lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with GGNs from benign or healthy controls can be improved by the combination of MA and MPV. Maximum amplitude and MPV may be used as biomarkers to detect lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with GGNs.
Study on efficient and accurate protocols of measuring sorption isotherm of porous building materials using three-dimensional hygrothermal simulation
Authors: Fukui Kazuma , Takada Satoru
Published: January 2023

The sorption property of porous building materials in the hygroscopic region (sorption isotherm) is an important input to hygrothermal simulation. In this study, we proposed efficient and accurate protocols to obtain sorption isotherms using the static desiccator method. We developed a calculation model for three-dimensional simultaneous heat and moisture transfer in a material corresponding to the measurement specified in ISO 12571. Using an international database of the material properties, we conducted numerical simulations of the sorption process for five types of materials. The evolution of the amount of adsorbed moisture in a specimen and the time to reach equilibrium during the measurement were calculated under various humidity levels and specimen dimensions. According to the simulated results, we improved timing and interval for weighting the specimen to confirm the attainment of equilibrium for each type of a material and for each humidity level from the viewpoint of efficiency and accuracy. Meanwhile, the influence of size of a specimen on the time necessary to obtain the results was quantitatively demonstrated. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the method used for the determination of the attainment of equilibrium provided in ISO 12571 can underestimate the moisture content of materials with low moisture content and vapor permeability, and a policy to reduce risks of the underestimation was proposed.
Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Sahoo Shradhanjali , Sundaram Sridhar , Shukla Akash
Published: January 2023

Background

Concerned studies with respect to the outcome of pregnant patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension are limited. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature was conducted.

Methods

A literature search was conducted from 1999 to December 2021 for studies evaluating pregnancy outcomes in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Results

Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled rate of variceal bleeding, ascites and severe anemia requiring blood transfusion were 9.6%, 2.3%, and 14.9%, respectively. The pooled rate of spontaneous miscarriage, gestational hypertension, delivery by cesarean section, and postpartum hemorrhage were 11.9%, 4.5%, 36.7%, and 4.7%, respectively. The pooled stillbirth rate was 2.5% and among the live births, the pooled rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, intensive care unit admission, and neonatal mortality were 21.6%, 18.7%, 15.5%, and 1.8%, respectively.

Conclusion

Pregnancy in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension is associated with increased maternal & fetal morbidity but mortality remains low.
Mapping affective infrastructures otherwise
Authors: Ramakrishnan Kavita , O’Reilly Kathleen
Published: January 2023

We offer this commentary in response to Bosworth's exploration of what affective infrastructures gather materially and sustain politically. We focus on the task of locating affective infrastructure, as Bosworth's generative piece invites, specifically tracing how uneven affective relationships to infrastructure impact marginalized communities. Here, we consider how an approach of attending to labour, repair, and care may connect disparate accounts of infrastructure and offer the potential for just futures.
Networks in motion: The alliances of information communication technologies and mobility technologies during the 1918 influenza pandemic
Authors: Coleman Miles C. , Mari Will
Published: January 2023

In this article, we turn back to the 1918 influenza pandemic to throw light on the alliances of information communication technologies and technologies of mobility (such as the car) during the pandemic. We examine newspaper articles, technical publications, and other historical texts to demonstrate that, despite the fact that mobile technologies—such as cellular phones—did not exist during the 1918 pandemic, the telephone and mobility technology nonetheless formed alliances as networks in motion, or social moments in which risk and reward are calculated not simply by the ability to move, but rather the ability to move, while remaining connected, revealing insight into early cultural formations that share similarities and differences with the use of modern mobile media and mobility technologies during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
A rare case report of tuberculosis endometritis in a private hospital Dar es salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Kyejo Willbroad , Moshi Brenda , Gidion Daudi , Abeid Muzdalifat , Somji Samina , Kaguta Munawar , Mgonja Miriam
Published: January 2023

Tuberculosis endometritis is a pathological diagnosis and has been always over shadowed by pelvic tuberculosis. It is usually asymptomatic, but patients could complain of menstrual irregularity and per vaginal discharge. We report a case of a 37-year-old female who presented with per vaginal discharge for 2 years. Histopathology showed numerous caseating and non-caseating granulomas with plasma cells, Ziehl–Neelsen stain for acid fast bacillus is positive, and she was initiated on anti-tuberculosis treatment. On subsequent follow-up visits, patient was doing well with complete resolution of symptoms. Genital tuberculosis is usually caused by reactivation of organism from systemic distribution during primary infection. It is estimated that approximately 8 million cases of tuberculosis occur worldwide every year, 95% of which are from developing countries. Tuberculosis usually affects the lung but about one-third of patients have extra pulmonary involvement which include female genitals organs and other organs. Genital tuberculosis is an indolent infection: its common symptoms include pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, vaginal discharge, and infertility. Most of the patients respond quickly after initiating anti-tuberculosis medications. We recommend that all patients with a positive Ziehl–Neelsen stain and menstrual abnormalities undergo aggressive evaluation for genital tuberculosis.
Idiopathic calcinosis cutis causing cubital tunnel syndrome: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Basnayake Oshan , Jayarajah Umesh , Beneragama Thushan
Published: January 2023

Calcinosis cutis is a type of heterotopic calcification where abnormal calcium deposition occurs in skin or subcutaneous tissue. Among the subtypes of calcinosis cutis, the idiopathic variety occurs without underlying biochemical calcium abnormality. We report a rare case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis causing cubital tunnel syndrome. A 63-year-old female presented with pain and numbness in the ulnar aspect of her left hand. The X-ray of the left elbow showed deposition of radiopaque material on the posteromedial aspect. Her nerve conduction study showed evidence of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow supporting the diagnosis of ulnar nerve compression by the mass of calcium deposition. Surgical exploration was performed, and significant ulnar nerve compression was noted due to the mass effect of the calcium deposition. Excision of the mass and ulnar nerve decompression with anterior transposition was performed with satisfactory outcomes. Although calcinosis cutis causing cubital tunnel syndrome has been previously reported, all patients had some form of calcium dysregulation. We report the first case of ulnar nerve compression at the cubital tunnel due to idiopathic calcinosis cutis. Excision of the mass and ulnar nerve decompression with anterior transposition was successful in our patient despite the incomplete excision of the calcium deposition.
Machine learning and the politics of synthetic data
Authors: Jacobsen Benjamin N
Published: January 2023

Machine-learning algorithms have become deeply embedded in contemporary society. As such, ample attention has been paid to the contents, biases, and underlying assumptions of the training datasets that many algorithmic models are trained on. Yet, what happens when algorithms are trained on data that are not real, but instead data that are ‘synthetic’, not referring to real persons, objects, or events? Increasingly, synthetic data are being incorporated into the training of machine-learning algorithms for use in various societal domains. There is currently little understanding, however, of the role played by and the ethicopolitical implications of synthetic training data for machine-learning algorithms. In this article, I explore the politics of synthetic data through two central aspects: first, synthetic data promise to emerge as a rich source of exposure to variability for the algorithm. Second, the paper explores how synthetic data promise to place algorithms beyond the realm of risk. I propose that an analysis of these two areas will help us better understand the ways in which machine-learning algorithms are envisioned in the light of synthetic data, but also how synthetic training data actively reconfigure the conditions of possibility for machine learning in contemporary society.
Impact of Traditional and Digital Financial Inclusion on Enterprise Innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Ren Kangyu , Wang Yuan , Liu Lulu
Published: January 2023

Financial inclusion refers to a process that ensures the ease of access, availability, and usage of the financial system for all members of an economy. This paper aims to study financial inclusion’s impact on enterprise innovation and compare the different effects of traditional and digital financial inclusion. Existing papers mainly focus on digital financial inclusion’s influence. Based on China’s data, this paper fills the gap by constructing an index system to measure traditional financial inclusion and discussing the impact mechanism of the two kinds of financial inclusion on enterprise innovation (output and efficiency). The results illustrate that traditional financial inclusion inhibits the innovation output of enterprises, while digital financial inclusion has a positive effect. However, both traditional and digital financial inclusion is still in the stage of constraining the innovation efficiency of enterprises. Moreover, the two types of financial inclusion function differently for enterprises of different sizes and ownership. Evidence from China is expected to reveal the features of this relationship and inspire research in more economies.
The Best and the Worst Things About the Hospital for Children with Cancer: A Qualitative, Interview-Based Study in a Spanish Hospital
Authors: Ullán Ana M , Herreros Pilar , Belver Manuel H , Jerez Carmen
Published: January 2023

The comprehensive psychosocial assessment of children with cancer requires listening to them and understanding their point of view. The objective of this work was to know what the participating children with cancer thought about the hospital, which they considered to be the best and worst aspects of their experience. We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 27 children with cancer. The interviewer asked the participating children what they considered to be the best thing about the hospital and what they considered to be the worst. These conversations with them were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic analysis of these transcripts was conducted. Among the aspects of the hospital that the children rated most highly was the treatment they received from the health care staff. Among what the children considered the worst aspect of their experience was pain, particularly pain caused by medical procedures such as injections. The obtained results lead us to conclude that children have a complex view of the hospital and are capable of a detailed analysis that must be taken into account.