bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rich Diversity & Potential Medicinal Value of Endemic Sri Lankan Plant: Jeffreycia zeylanica
Authors: Samaraweera Thumuli Udara , Samaraweera Thummini Umasha , Senadeera S. P. N. N. , Ranaweera C. B.
Published: January 2023

The genus Jeffreycia consists of about 109 species to have medicinal properties. Jeffreycia zeylanica (Family: Asteraceae) is commonly referred to as “Heen-botiya, Papula or Pupula in Sinhala and Kappilay or Kuppilay in Tamil”. It is an endemic herbaceous plant in Sri Lanka. Synonyms of Jeffreycia zeylanica are Cacalia zeylanica Kuntze, Eupatorium zeylanicum L., Gymnanthemum zeylanicum (L.), Vernonia zeylanica (L.). This plant can create secondary metabolites that may have substantial bioactivity. Extracts from leaves, stems and aerial parts are rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and saponins. These bioactive compounds lead to various pharmacological properties of Jeffreycia zeylanica. It is utilized in both Ayurvedic and folk medicine in a variety of methods to treat various illnesses, such as bone fractures, eczema, asthma, diarrhea, wound, and abscesses also as an anti-venom. Several studies have been carried out on this plant, including the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, antinociceptive activity, antioxidant activity, and anti-tumor activity. The lack of considerable toxicity associated with the plant Jeffreycia zeylanica makes it a choice for future development of therapeutic products, with the combination of traditional and novel technologies. A significant number of presently used antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anthelminthic, and antitumor agents are compounds isolated from plants or their synthetic or semisynthetic derivatives.
Acquisition of Field Data through Mobile-based Apps Dedicated to Soil Health Protection
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan-Vasile , Coman Mirela
Published: January 2023

Mobile applications dedicated to soil resource protection are increasingly common among users worldwide. What makes them popular among them is the possibility they offer in the acquisition, respectively saving and storing data from the field. Regarding the possibility of acquiring soil resource data, we propose to make an analysis, to emphasize the malleable nature of specific mobile applications with what software development platforms allow; for the present paper, we examined an application created through the MIT App Inventor® platform. As a result of the research, three ways of data acquisition were determined - through the interface, internal sensors, and external sensors. The obtained results showed that the acquisition of soil-related data depends to a large extent on the specifics of mobile devices (especially the presence and access of sensors), but also on the implemented functionalities that the user wants to have access to at that time. Consequently, any application created through platforms such as MIT App Inventor® can and must have at least one of the data acquisition methods presented in the paper; the dynamics and specificity of the application must agree with the user requirements and the requirements imposed by the research context.
A Comparative Study between Pharmacoinvasive Strategy and Primary Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty on Left Ventricle Function in Patients Presenting by Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mady Samar Samir Mohamed , Ashmawy Medhat Mohamed , El-Shedody Sahar Abd Allah , Ibrahim Ibtsam Khairat
Published: January 2023

Background: Ischemic heart disease is considered the most common cause of death, worldwide. It accounts for 1.8 million deaths annually in Europe alone. According to the center for disease control (CDC) it’s the most common cause of deaths in Egypt accounting for more than one fifth of the total death count per year (21%), followed by stroke, then cancer.

Aim: This work aimed to study and assess the efficacy of a pharmacoinvasive strategy compared with a primary PCI strategy on the left ventricle function in treatment of patient with myocardial infarction.

Methods: Our study was prospective non randomized which compares between two groups, both of which had first time acute STEMI admitted to our Tanta University Hospital within the accepted time, which are (group 1) patients who had primary PCI for the infract related artery as a reperfusion therapy and (group 2) patients who had thrombolytic followed by coronary angiography with a window to PCI (pharmacoinvasive technique). Coronary angiography was performed either immediately in case of failed thrombolytic therapy or within 3-24 hrs. Following thrombolytic in case of successful thrombolytic.

Both groups presented to the hospital within the accepted time window for reperfusion therapy either (thrombolytic or primary PCI), within 12 hrs.

Results: The study compared between the two groups in the acute stage during hospitalization of the patients and after discharge according to Clinical outcomes: (mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) as heart failure symptoms, re-infarction and Cardiac death),angiographic findings (base line TIMI flow score and final TIMI score, single or multi-vessel disease), angiographic complications as dissection and no-reflow, occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy and cerebrovascular events and LV systolic function assessment by echocardiography.

Conclusion: In this study, we highlighted the importance of total ischemic time and importance of patient and system related delays in influencing outcomes of STEMI.
A Review of User Vulnerabilities Associated with Shared Sanitation Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Obeng Peter Appiah , Awere Eric , Banafo Kwesi Sane , Obeng Panin Asirifua , Quaye Sharon Amanda , Pennellini Sara , Bonoli Alessandra
Published: January 2023

Aims: Shared sanitation was excluded from the basic service level due to perceived limitations of their hygiene, accessibility and safety. But how does the current body of scientific knowledge influence the narrative? This paper is aimed at reviewing data on the current status and vulnerability issues reported to be associated with shared sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methodology: Literature was searched using key search terms from nine databases. Peer-reviewed articles and various reports of individual country studies published in English from January 2000 to April 2022 were selected.

Results: As at 2020, the proportion of the population sharing sanitation facilities in SSA was estimated as 19% compared to 7% globally. The review revealed a mixed opinion about issues and vulnerabilities associated with shared sanitation which may have arisen from inconsistencies in the typologies and levels of sharing of facilities among the reviewed studies. Using shared sanitation was found to be associated with an increased risk of diarrheal diseases (OR=1.06; 95%CI: 1.03-1.08) and non-partner violence against women (OR=1.52; 95%CI: 1.22-1.82). However, there is also evidence that many shared facilities, particularly those shared by a few (2-3) households, are clean, meet the needs of the users and afford them similar health outcomes as non-shared facilities.

Conclusion: The findings of the review suggest that the outright exclusion of all forms of shared sanitation from basic sanitation potentially underestimates the global efforts and progress toward access to sanitation. There is a need to segregate communal and public toilets from privately shared facilities in future research as well as the progress reporting by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP). It is also recommended that steps are taken by the JMP to develop indicators for identifying and incorporating quality shared sanitation facilities into the basic sanitation service level in order to give a more realistic account of the global effort towards sanitation access.
BOOK OWNERS ONLINE
Authors: Pearson David
Published: January 2023

Launched in August 2020, the Book Owners Online was built as a collaborative project between the Bibliographical Society and the University College London, designed to be scalable and flexible with the aspiration to expand both chronologically and geographically. Initially containing data for around 1400 English seventeenth-century book owners, the number of entries has grown to more than 1800, covering Scottish as well as English owners, and moving into the 18th century. The Book Owners Online platform is meant to be a place to start, not one to end, providing overview information to further sources of reference. It does not aspire to list all the books a person owned; the entries conform to a standard structure, with several fields which will be filled depending on the nature of the evidence. They include a name with at least a date of birth or death, a narrative field on “Books” aiming to summarise what we know about their library, and at least one source of further information. Like all online databases of this nature, providing a source of reference and information to support other works, it is conceived as being always a work in progress.
BRASILIDADE, INDIGENISMO E IDENTIDADE VISUAL
Authors: Ferreira Frederico Antonio
Published: January 2023

Busca-se entender neste artigo, por meio da análise dos elementos que compõem as encadernações e folhas de guarda aplicadas pelo Itamaraty, seu uso enquanto marcas de posse e proveniência e examiná-las como um esforço institucional de consolidar uma imagem institucional e posicioná-lo em um lugar diferenciado frente aos demais órgãos da administração pública federal. Identificou-se que os acervos arquivísticos e bibliográficos foram encadernados contendo a nova capa e folha de guarda com motivos indígenas propostos por Correia Dias. Emblemas e notações foram gravados nas capas e a douração no corte dianteiro. Conclui-se que as necessidades administrativas, como a de padronizar os formatos e as características básicas dos suportes documentais, se entendidas dentro do processo mais amplo de reformulação do próprio Itamaraty, acabaram ganhando nuances que vão muito além de sua necessidade imediata. A adoção dos elementos materiais nacionais e os padrões estilísticos utilizados por Correia Dias acabaram criando uma marca de proveniência dos documentos do órgão. Eles remetiam a uma ideia de brasilidade, ao mesmo tempo que levaram à valorização do Ministério das Relações Exteriores como uma marca. Uma marca com uma identidade visual própria e que expressava uma imagem organizacional bastante característica.
AS MARCAS DO TEMPO E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DE UMA COLEÇÃO
Authors: Correa Irineu E. Jones , Slaibi Thais Helena de Almeida
Published: January 2023

Esta pesquisa trata do engendramento que dá visibilidade a um conjunto específico de peças no catálogo da Biblioteca Nacional: uma coleção fin-de-siècle e belle-époque, formada a partir de livros editados entre 1880 e 1920. São duas categorias que balizam o recorte concebido como corpus do projeto: as marcas do tempo literário e as marcas de proveniência. As marcas literárias estão nas obras que editaram no período indicado. As marcas de proveniência permitem reelaborar a memória da trajetória de um exemplar específico ou da coleção de uma biblioteca. Vestígios que, identificados e decodificados, possibilitam uma investigação que recupere os processos de produção, comercialização e seu pertencimento. O projeto tem como objetivo investigar de que maneira estas duas categorias se complementam, ampliando o conhecimento sobre o período e a gama de informações disponíveis no catálogo.
MARCAS DE PROVENIÊNCIA EM COLEÇÕES DOADAS À BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL
Authors: Flaeschen Jandira Helena Fernandes
Published: January 2023

Este artigo apresenta a pesquisa desenvolvida sobre a identificação das marcas de proveniência bibliográfica em duas coleções doadas à Biblioteca Nacional no século XIX. De caráter experimental, ela objetiva identificar estas marcas nas obras doadas por D. Pedro II em 1891 e Salvador de Mendonça entre 1884 e 1890 à instituição. Uma ficha técnica foi elaborada para se reunir um conjunto de registros técnicos e fotográficos durante a análise das obras. O entendimento dos procedimentos e levantamento das marcas de proveniência bibliográfica será capaz de revelar a própria história da Biblioteca Nacional, uma vez que nesses exemplares podem conter diversos testemunhos de diferentes períodos da instituição que possam contribuir com seu reconhecimento, pertencimento e segurança.
MARCAS DE PROVENIÊNCIA COMO VESTÍGIOS DE UMA HISTÓRIA
Authors: Juvêncio Carlos Henrique , Araújo André Vieira de Freitas
Published: January 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender como as marcas de proveniência evocam e fortalecem a memória da Coleção Ernesto Senna e permitem que sua trajetória não seja esquecida. Ernesto Serra foi um eminente jornalista carioca que participou ativamente da cultura e política brasileira na transição do Império à República. Adotou-se o paradigma indiciário como metodologia, de origem historiográfica, plenamente convergente ao campo de estudos das marcas de proveniência. Obteve-se os seguintes resultados: 1) a Coleção Ernesto Senna sinaliza que o estudo das marcas proveniência pode ser aplicado para além do livro impresso e se abre a documentos de outras naturezas – o que pode impor novos desafios metodológicos; 2) confirma-se nossa perspectiva teórica de que a dimensão imaterial e material dos documentos se retroalimentam. Conclui-se que os estudos das marcas de proveniência possuem dimensões não apenas técnicas a partir da observação da materialidade dos documentos, mas constituem um campo de investigação por excelência. Portanto, é um campo que possui dimensão interdisciplinar e colaborativa, na medida em que “empresta” conhecimentos oriundos de outras disciplinas e formula conhecimentos próprios e especializados.
ATUALIZAÇÕES DOS ESTUDOS E PRÁTICAS NA CATALOGAÇÃO DE MATERIAIS BIBLIOGRÁFICOS RAROS E ESPECIAIS
Authors: Almeida Fátima Duarte de , Santiago Maria Claudia , Peruzzor Tarcila
Published: January 2023

A Catalogação descritiva é uma técnica que permite extrair informações dos materiais bibliográficos de modo a torná-los conhecidos pelos usuários. Essa técnica já está bem cristalizada em relação aos livros comuns, porém as obras raras trazem especificidades que precisam ser igualmente descritas para que elas sejam adequadamente representadas. Nesse sentido, um dos campos do Formato MARC que mais ajuda a descrever as obras raras é o 500, que diz respeito às notas, principalmente quando nos referimos à descrição das marcas de proveniência. Esse artigo propõe relatar o trabalho de estudo e aplicação do campo 500 as informações extraídas do acervo da coleção de Obras Raras e Especiais da Biblioteca de Manguinhos após a feitura da bibliografia material das mesmas. Observamos que as notas possuem três naturezas distintas, que categorizamos como “intrínsecas” - inseridas na nota 500 (notas gerais), “extrínsecas” - alocadas nos campos de notas 590 (notas locais), 563 (encadernação) e as “auxiliares” -  sendo os campos 541 (fonte de aquisição imediata), 561 (custódia histórica), 583 (nota de intervenção), 585 (nota de exposição), 591 (estado de conservação do material), e registro imagético ou acesso eletrônico no campo 856. Conclui-se que a catalogação das marcas de proveniência tem possibilitado a identificação e reunião de coleções dispersas no acervo de origem e em outros que possam se interrelacionar e contribuir na segurança do acervo a partir da individualização do exemplar, além da promoção da memória institucional, valorização e identificação de patrimônio cultural.
DESCRIÇÃO DE EX-LIBRIS IMPRESSOS PARA USO EM BIBLIOGRAFIAS E CATÁLOGOS AUTOMATIZADOS
Authors: Stelling Luiz Felipe Peçanha , Siciliano Thalles Augusto de Carvalho
Published: January 2023

O objetivo principal deste artigo foi elaborar um modelo de descrição de ex-líbris impressos que trouxesse metadados e regras para servir tanto para bibliografias como para catálogos em geral, mas com foco nos catálogos automatizados que usam o padrão MARC21. No caso das bibliografias, a descrição teria como referência o exemplar “ideal”, concebido pelo autor, e no caso dos catálogos, a referência seria o exemplar em mãos, com suas respectivas marcas extrínsecas (carimbos, assinaturas etc.). A metodologia se apoiou, principalmente, na busca por padrões de descrição e catalogação consolidados internacionalmente em bibliografias e catálogos especializados, bem como textos de ex-librismo e Biblioteconomia. Isso resultou em um modelo que busca abranger e prever a maioria das características físicas e temáticas altamente variadas do ex-líbris. O modelo proposto pode ser um ponto de partida para a adoção ou discussão de uma padronização de descrição de ex-líbris em bibliografias e catálogos.
DEDICATÓRIAS MANUSCRITAS
Authors: Freire Stefanie Cavalcanti
Published: January 2023

A relação entre indivíduos e sociedade pode se manifestar mediante dedicatórias. É possível, por intermédio da leitura da dedicatória, reconstruir, mesmo que de forma fragmentária, o passado. Mostrar que o conjunto dos elementos que compõem as dedicatórias manuscritas constitui uma marca de proveniência, pois identifica procedência (dedicador), destino (dedicatário) e itinerário (data e local). É o objetivo deste artigo. Adotou-se a pesquisa documental para analisar as dedicatórias que constam em livros da Biblioteca particular de Manuel Bandeira integrante do acervo da Academia Brasileira de Letras. Conclui-se que a afirmação de que “muito tesouro é salvo” nas bibliotecas particulares passa a ter outro significado quando se leva em conta as dedicatórias nelas presentes. A dedicatória manuscrita é um veículo de comunicação que oferece pistas sobre os leitores que se formam em torno de uma determinada personalidade. Adverte-se que as dedicatórias manuscritas podem forjar relações pessoais, portanto, é preciso ter um olhar crítico no processo de análise das dedicatórias, uma vez que elas geralmente apresentam um tom laudatório e utilizam uma retórica elogiosa.
Estimated Medicare Part B Savings From Inflationary Rebates
Authors: Egilman Alexander C. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: January 2023

This study uses annual Medicare Part B spending data to examine the potential savings from the drug pricing reforms in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
Association of Pretransplant Coronary Heart Disease Testing With Early Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Cheng Xingxing S. , Liu Sai , Han Jialin , Stedman Margaret R. , Baiocchi Michael , Tan Jane C. , Chertow Glenn M. , Fearon William F.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Testing for coronary heart disease (CHD) in asymptomatic kidney transplant candidates before transplant is widespread and endorsed by various professional societies, but its association with perioperative outcomes is unclear.

Objective

To estimate the association of pretransplant CHD testing with rates of death and myocardial infarction (MI).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included all adult, first-time kidney transplant recipients from January 2000 through December 2014 in the US Renal Data System with at least 1 year of Medicare enrollment before and after transplant. An instrumental variable (IV) analysis was used, with the program-level CHD testing rate in the year of the transplant as the IV. Analyses were stratified by study period, as the rate of CHD testing varied over time. A combination of US Renal Data System variables and Medicare claims was used to ascertain exposure, IV, covariates, and outcomes.

Exposures

Receipt of nonurgent invasive or noninvasive CHD testing during the 12 months preceding kidney transplant.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a composite of death or acute MI within 30 days of after kidney transplant.

Results

The cohort comprised 79 334 adult, first-time kidney transplant recipients (30 147 women [38%]; 25 387 [21%] Black and 48 394 [61%] White individuals; mean [SD] age of 56 [14] years during 2012 to 2014). The primary outcome occurred in 4604 patients (5.3%; 2063 [2.6%] death, 2329 [2.9%] acute MI). During the most recent study period (2012-2014), the CHD testing rate was 56% in patients in the most test-intensive transplant programs (fifth IV quintile) and 24% in patients at the least test-intensive transplant program (first IV quintile, P < .001); this pattern was similar across other study periods. In the main IV analysis, compared with no testing, CHD testing was not associated with a change in the rate of primary outcome (rate difference, 1.9%; 95% CI, 0%-3.5%). The results were similar across study periods, except for 2000 to 2003, during which CHD testing was associated with a higher event rate (rate difference, 6.8%; 95% CI, 1.8%-12.0%).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study suggest that pretransplant CHD testing was not associated with a reduction in early posttransplant death or acute MI. The study findings potentially challenge the ubiquity of CHD testing before kidney transplant and should be confirmed in interventional studies.
Interventions Associated With Racial and Ethnic Diversity in US Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Mabeza Russyan Mark , Christophers Briana , Ederaine Sophia A. , Glenn Emily J. , Benton-Slocum Zachary P. , Marcelin Jasmine R.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Racially and ethnically minoritized individuals remain underrepresented in graduate medical education relative to their proportion in the population. While many programs and initiatives have been developed to address this problem, there is little consensus regarding strategies that work to improve representation across specialties.

Objective

To examine and synthesize evidence-based practices that have been used to increase the proportions of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) trainees at US residency and fellowship programs.

Evidence Review

The authors searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, PsycInfo, ERIC, Cochrane Reviews, Cochrane Trials, CINAHL, Scopus, and PROSPERO electronic databases to identify relevant studies published through January 2022. They screened all titles and abstracts for relevance and read full-text articles to identify articles reporting reliable data describing the outcomes of interventions to improve racial and ethnic diversity among trainees.

Findings

Twenty-seven articles were included in this review. Two studies reported on fellowship programs. The most common interventions included holistic review (48%), decreased emphasis on United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores (48%), and explicit institutional messaging regarding the importance of diversity (37%). A combination of interventions was associated with an increased number of URiM applicants, interviewees, and matriculants across various medical and surgical specialties.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this scoping review, approaches and interventions associated with increased diversity in residency and fellowship programs were identified. Continued efforts are necessary to sustain such efforts and assess long-term outcomes.
Innovation and renovation: FEBS Open Bio in 2023
Authors: Wright Duncan E. , De la Rosa Miguel A.
Published: January 2023

FEBS Open Bio is constantly evolving to best suit the needs of the scientific community. In this Editorial, we review the various new initiatives introduced in 2022 and look forward to the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in 2023.
The Mega‐Eco‐38 Garden City: Stories of Rewilding and Ecodystopia
Authors: Langenheim Nano , Yu Kongjian
Published: January 2023

Over the years, the concept of the garden city has been widely misinterpreted. So argue Nano Langenheim, lecturer in Landscape Architecture at the University of Melbourne, and Kongjian Yu, professor and founding dean of the Peking University College of Architecture and Landscape and founder principal designer of Turenscape. They introduce a more refined transdisciplinary approach to the greening and wilding of cities and some of the consequent complex ecological issues that have to be addressed.
The Floating ‘Urban Village’: Makoko Futures
Authors: Nyandega Dan
Published: January 2023

Our current climate condition means that we need to start developing better tactics, protocols and new building typologies that mitigate water shortages or are resilient to flood situations. Dan Nyandega is a lecturer in Landscape Architecture and Urbanism at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane, Australia. He has a PhD in architecture (water‐sensitive design) from Monash University, Melbourne, and his design‐led research explores the intersection of coastal cities’ infrastructures, landscapes, architecture and rising water levels. He takes as small case studies Makoko on the Lagos Lagoon and Kenzō Tange's Tokyo Bay Project of 1960, but also warns of the potential loss of authenticity and genius loci with such interventions.
Optimization of Lactoferrin‐Derived Amyloid Coating for Enhancing Soft Tissue Seal and Antibacterial Activity of Titanium Implants
Authors: Wang Wan‐rong , Li Jing , Gu Jun‐ting , Hu Bo‐wen , Qin Wen , Zhu Yi‐na , Guo Zhen‐xing , Ma Yu‐Xuan , Tay Franklin , Jiao Kai , Niu Lina
Published: January 2023

A poor seal of the titanium implant–soft tissue interface provokes bacterial invasion, aggravates inflammation, and ultimately results in implant failure. To ensure the long‐term success of titanium implants, lactoferrin‐derived amyloid is coated on the titanium surface to increase the expression of cell integrins and hemidesmosomes, with the goal of promoting soft tissue seal and imparting antibacterial activity to the implants. The lactoferrin‐derived amyloid coated titanium structures contain a large number of amino and carboxyl groups on their surfaces, and promote proliferation and adhesion of epithelial cells and fibroblasts via the PI3K/AKT pathway. The amyloid coating also has a strong positive charge and possesses potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In a rat immediate implantation model, the amyloid‐coated titanium implants form gingival junctional epithelium at the transmucosal region that resembles the junctional epithelium in natural teeth. This provides a strong soft tissue seal to wall off infection. Taken together, lactoferrin‐derived amyloid is a dual‐function transparent coating that promotes soft tissue seal and possesses antibacterial activity. These unique properties enable the synthesized amyloid to be used as potential biological implant coatings.
Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D‐Printed Particle‐Reinforced Composite Networks
Authors: Wong Jitkanya , Wei Shixuan , Meir Rinat , Sadaba Naroa , Ballinger Nathan A. , Harmon Elizabeth K. , Gao Xin , Altin‐Yavuzarslan Gokce , Pozzo Lilo D. , Campos Luis M. , Nelson Alshakim
Published: January 2023

High energy photons (λ < 400 nm) are frequently used to initiate free radical polymerizations to form polymer networks, but are only effective for transparent objects. This phenomenon poses a major challenge to additive manufacturing of particle‐reinforced composite networks since deep light penetration of short‐wavelength photons limits the homogeneous modification of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Herein, the unconventional, yet versatile, multiexciton process of triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) is employed for curing opaque hydrogel composites created by direct‐ink‐write (DIW) 3D printing. TTA‐UC converts low energy red light (λmax = 660 nm) for deep penetration into higher‐energy blue light to initiate free radical polymerizations within opaque objects. As proof‐of‐principle, hydrogels containing up to 15 wt.% TiO2 filler particles and doped with TTA‐UC chromophores are readily cured with red light, while composites without the chromophores and TiO2 loadings as little as 1–2 wt.% remain uncured. Importantly, this method has wide potential to modify the chemical and mechanical properties of complex DIW 3D‐printed composite polymer networks.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyanoalkylation of Ketone Derivatives
Authors: Coffinet Anaïs , Levacher Vincent , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Brière Jean‐François , Oudeyer Sylvain
Published: January 2023

Although the metal‐based catalyzed cyanomethylation of aldehydes is well‐developed, a similar approach to ketones with acetonitrile derivatives remains a challenge. Thanks to Tolman type complexes, NiII‐complexes with a pyridine(dicarboxamide) pincer ligand, an alternative metal‐catalyzed (1–5 mol% catalyst) cyanomethylation of an array of isatins and activated ketones is reported at room temperature. High isolated yields (up to 99%) were obtained not only with the poorly acidic acetonitrile but also with more challenging substituted alkyl cyanide nucleophiles. The in situ generated putative ion paired catalysts [NiCR2CN]−Cat+ likely benefit from the cation part (Cs+ or n‐Bu4N+) to facilitate their formation and catalytic activity.

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Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Double Difluoromethylation of β,γ‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids for the Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Allylic Compounds
Authors: Yao Zhen , Li Gang , Zhou Ying , Xu Lijin , Xue Dong
Published: January 2023

The regioselective synthesis of double difluoromethylated allylic products from easily accessible β,γ‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and difluoromethylation reagents under visible‐light photocatalysis is reported. This transformation tolerates various bromodifluoroacetates and fluorinated phosphonates, providing access to various difluoromethylated allylic products in 54–93% yield with 80:20 to 99:1 Z/E, which can not be readily synthesized using the currently known methods. Choosing fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] as the photocatalyst and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as the additive is crucial for the success of this transformation.

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Combined Single‐Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal the Metabolic Evolvement of Breast Cancer during Early Dissemination
Authors: Liu Yi‐Ming , Ge Jing‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Fei , Liu Tong , Chen Lie , Liu Cui‐Cui , Ma Ding , Chen Yi‐Yu , Cai Yu‐Wen , Xu Ying‐Ying , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Yu Ke‐Da
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer is now the most frequently diagnosed malignancy, and metastasis remains the leading cause of death in breast cancer. However, little is known about the dynamic changes during the evolvement of dissemination. In this study, 65 968 cells from four patients with breast cancer and paired metastatic axillary lymph nodes are profiled using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and spatial transcriptomics. A disseminated cancer cell cluster with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), including the upregulation of cytochrome C oxidase subunit 6C and dehydrogenase/reductase 2, is identified. The transition between glycolysis and OXPHOS when dissemination initiates is noticed. Furthermore, this distinct cell cluster is distributed along the tumor's leading edge. The findings here are verified in three different cohorts of breast cancer patients and an external scRNA‐seq dataset, which includes eight patients with breast cancer and paired metastatic axillary lymph nodes. This work describes the dynamic metabolic evolvement of early disseminated breast cancer and reveals a switch between glycolysis and OXPHOS in breast cancer cells as the early event during lymph node metastasis.
Synergistic Mechanism of Sub‐Nanometric Ru Clusters Anchored on Tungsten Oxide Nanowires for High‐Efficient Bifunctional Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Pi Yecan , Qiu Ziming , Sun Yi , Ishii Hirofumi , Liao Yen‐Fa , Zhang Xiuyun , Chen Han‐Yi , Pang Huan
Published: January 2023

The construction of strong interactions and synergistic effects between small metal clusters and supports offers a great opportunity to achieve high‐performance and cost‐effective heterogeneous catalysis, however, studies on its applications in electrocatalysis are still insufficient. Herein, it is reported that W18O49 nanowires supported sub‐nanometric Ru clusters (denoted as Ru SNC/W18O49 NWs) constitute an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions (HER and HOR) under acidic condition. Microstructural analyses, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the Ru SNCs with an average RuRu coordination number of 4.9 are anchored to the W18O49 NWs via RuOW bonds at the interface. The strong metal‐support interaction leads to the electron‐deficient state of Ru SNCs, which enables a modulated RuH strength. Furthermore, the unique proton transport capability of the W18O49 also provides a potential migration channel for the reaction intermediates. These components collectively enable the remarkable performance of Ru SNC/W18O49 NWs for hydrogen electrocatalysis with 2.5 times of exchange current density than that of carbon‐supported Ru nanoparticles, and even rival the state‐of‐the‐art Pt catalyst. This work provides a new prospect for the development of supported sub‐nanometric metal clusters for efficient electrocatalysis.
Targeting MCL‐1 and BCL‐2 with polatuzumab vedotin and venetoclax overcomes treatment resistance in R/R non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from preclinical models and a Phase Ib study
Authors: Lasater Elisabeth A. , Amin Dhara N. , Bannerji Rajat , Mali Raghuveer Singh , Barrett Kathy , Rys Ryan N. , Oeh Jason , Lin Eva , Sterne‐Weiler Tim , Ingalla Ellen Rei , Go MaryAnn , Yu Shang‐Fan , Krem Maxwell M. , Arthur Chris , Hahn Uwe , Johnston Anna , Karur Vinit , Khan Nadia , Marlton Paula , Phillips Tycel , Gritti Giuseppe , Seymour John F. , Tani Monica , Yuen Sam , Martin Scott , Chang Matthew T. , Rose Christopher M. , Pham Victoria C. , Polson Andrew G. , Chang YiMeng , Wever Claudia , Johnson Nathalie A. , Jiang Yanwen , Hirata Jamie , Sampath Deepak , Musick Lisa , Flowers Christopher R. , Wertz Ingrid E.
Published: January 2023

The treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid neoplasms represents a significant clinical challenge. Here, we identify the pro‐survival BCL‐2 protein family member MCL‐1 as a resistance factor for the BCL‐2 inhibitor venetoclax in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines and primary NHL samples. Mechanistically, we show that the antibody‐drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin promotes MCL‐1 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome system. This targeted MCL‐1 antagonism, when combined with venetoclax and the anti‐CD20 antibodies obinutuzumab or rituximab, results in tumor regressions in preclinical NHL models, which are sustained even off‐treatment. In a Phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02611323) of heavily pre‐treated patients with relapsed or refractory NHL, 25/33 (76%) patients with follicular lymphoma and 5/17 (29%) patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma achieved complete or partial responses with an acceptable safety profile when treated with the recommended Phase II dose of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with venetoclax and an anti‐CD20 antibody.
Acute myeloid leukemia: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Shimony Shai , Stahl Maximilian , Stone Richard M.
Published: January 2023

Disease overview

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a frequently fatal bone marrow stem cell cancer characterized by unbridled proliferation of malignant marrow stem cells with associated infection, anemia, and bleeding. An improved understanding of pathophysiology, improvements in measurement technology and at least 10 recently approved therapies have led to revamping the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic landscape of AML.

Diagnosis

One updated and one new classification system were published in 2022, both emphasizing the integration of molecular analysis into daily practice. Differences between the International Consensus Classification and major revisions from the previous 2016 WHO system provide both challenges and opportunities for care and clinical research.

Risk assessment and monitoring

The European Leukemia Net 2022 risk classification integrates knowledge from novel molecular findings and recent trial results, as well as emphasizing dynamic risk based on serial measurable residual disease assessment. However, how to leverage our burgeoning ability to measure a small number of potentially malignant myeloid cells into therapeutic decision making is controversial.

Risk adapted therapy

The diagnostic and therapeutic complexity plus the availability of newly approved agents requires a nuanced therapeutic algorithm which should integrate patient goals of care, comorbidities, and disease characteristics including the specific mutational profile of the patient's AML. The framework we suggest only represents the beginning of the discussion.
Concurrent de novo ZFHX4 variant and 16q24.1 deletion in a patient with orofacial clefting; a potential role of ZFHX4 and USP10
Authors: Créton Marijn , Wagener Frank , Massink Maarten , Fennis Willem , Bloemen Marjon , Schols Jan , Aarts Miranda , van der Molen Aebele Mink , van Haaften Gijs , van den Boogaard Marie José
Published: January 2023

A girl with a unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate, tooth agenesis, and mild dysmorphic features, without a specific underlying syndrome diagnosis, was genotypically characterized and phenotypically described. Cleft gene panel analysis, single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing, and quantitative PCR (Q‐PCR) analysis were used as diagnostic tests. SNP array revealed a maternal deletion at 16q24.1, encompassing the cleft candidate gene USP10. WES revealed an additional de novo Loss‐of‐Function variant (p.(Asn838fs)) in the Zinc‐Finger‐Homeobox‐4 (ZFHX4) gene. Q‐PCR was performed to explore the effect of the ZFHX4 variant and the deletion in 16q24.1. The mRNA expression of a selection of putative target genes involved in orofacial clefting showed a lowered expression of USP10 (52%), CRISPLD2 (31%), and CRISPLD1 (1%) compared to the control. IRF6 showed no difference in gene expression. This case supports ZFHX4 as a novel cleft gene and suggests USP10 may contribute to the etiology of orofacial clefts in humans.
Data sharing to advance gene‐targeted therapies in rare diseases
Authors: Lekstrom‐Himes Julie , Augustine Erika F. , Brower Amy , Defay Thomas , Finkel Richard S. , McGuire Amy L. , Skinner Mark W. , Yu Timothy W.
Published: January 2023

Recent advancements in gene‐targeted therapies have highlighted the critical role data sharing plays in successful translational drug development for people with rare diseases. To scale these efforts, we need to systematize these sharing principles, creating opportunities for more rapid, efficient, and scalable drug discovery/testing including long‐term and transparent assessment of clinical safety and efficacy. A number of challenges will need to be addressed, including the logistical difficulties of studying rare diseases affecting individuals who may be scattered across the globe, scientific, technical, regulatory, and ethical complexities of data collection, and harmonization and integration across multiple platforms and contexts. The NCATS/NIH Gene‐Targeted Therapies: Early Diagnosis and Equitable Delivery meeting series held during June 2021 included data sharing models that address these issues and framed discussions of areas that require improvement. This article describes these discussions and provides a series of considerations for future data sharing.
Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cell Using a Fluoride‐Assisted Surface Gradient Passivation Strategy
Authors: Yan Nan , Gao Yan , Yang Junjie , Fang Zhimin , Feng Jiangshan , Wu Xiaojun , Chen Tao , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: January 2023

Wide‐band gap (1.68 eV) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are important components of perovskite/Si tandem devices. However, the efficiency of wide band gap PSCs has been limited by their huge open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit due to non‐radiative recombination. Deep‐level acceptor defects are identified as the major killers of Voc, and they can be effectively improved by passivation with ammonium salts. Theoretical calculation predicts that increasing the distance between F and −NH3+ of fluorinated ammonium can dramatically enhance the electropositivity of −NH3+ terminals, thus providing strong adsorption onto the negatively charged IA and IPb anti‐site defects. Characterizations further confirm that surface gradient passivation employing p‐FPEAI demonstrates the most efficient passivation effect. Consequently, a record‐efficiency of 21.63 % with the smallest Voc deficit of 441 mV is achieved for 1.68 eV‐band gap inverted PSCs. Additionally, a flexible PSC and 1 cm2 opaque device also deliver the highest PCEs of 21.02 % and 19.31 %, respectively.
Dual Role of a Fluorescent Small Molecule as a Sensor and Inhibitor of Protein Fibrillation
Authors: Das Anirban , Sah Pooja , Saraogi Ishu
Published: January 2023

Ordered fibrillar aggregates of proteins, called amyloids, are prevalent in several diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Type II diabetes. The key challenge in the treatment of such diseases is the early detection of protein fibrillation and its effective inhibition using extrinsic agents. Thus, molecules that can both detect and inhibit protein fibril formation have great diagnostic and therapeutic utility. Using insulin as a model protein, we report the dual action of an isoquinoline based molecule, named MK14 which detects and prevents insulin fibrillation. Dose dependent inhibition of insulin fibrillation by MK14 gave an IC50 value of 9 μM, and mechanistic investigations suggested that MK14 prevented the elongation of fibrils by interacting with pre‐fibrillar intermediates. The fluorescence of MK14 enhanced upon binding to fibrils of insulin as well as those of α‐synuclein, the protein involved in Parkinson's disease. MK14 is an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, which could also detect amorphous aggregates of insulin. The dual nature of MK14 as an inhibitor and detector of protein fibrillation makes it an attractive lead compound for monitoring and disrupting protein amyloidogenesis.
Genomic alterations in neuroendocrine prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Junru , Shi Mingchen , Chuen Choi Stephen Yiu , Wang Yu , Lin Dong , Zeng Hao , Wang Yuzhuo
Published: January 2023

Background

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the prevalence of genomic alterations in NEPC and better understand its molecular features to potentially inform precision medicine.

Methods

EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for eligible studies until March 2022. Study qualities were assessed using the Q‐genie tool. The prevalence of gene mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) were extracted, and meta‐analysis was performed using R Studio with meta package.

Results

A total of 14 studies with 449 NEPC patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The most frequently mutated gene in NEPC was TP53 (49.8%), and the prevalence of deleterious mutations in ATM/BRCA was 16.8%. Common CNAs in NEPC included RB1 loss (58.3%), TP53 loss (42.8%), PTEN loss (37.0%), AURKA amplification (28.2%), and MYCN amplification (22.9%). RB1/TP53 alterations and concurrent RB1 and TP53 alterations were remarkably common in NEPC, with a prevalence of 83.8% and 43.9%, respectively. Comparative analyses indicated that the prevalence of (concurrent) RB1/TP53 alterations was significantly higher in de novo NEPC than in treatment‐emergent NEPC (t‐NEPC).

Conclusions

This study presents the comprehensive prevalence of common genomic alterations and potentially actionable targets in NEPC and reveals the genomic differences between de novo NEPC and t‐NEPC. Our findings highlight the importance of genomic testing in patients for precision medicine and provide insights into future studies exploring different NEPC subtypes.
The relationship between maternal periconceptional micronutrient supplementation and non‐syndromic cleft lip/palate in offspring
Authors: Liu Chunyi , Wang Di , Jin Lei , Zhang Jie , Meng Wenying , Jin Lei , Shang Xuejun
Published: January 2023

Background

This study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal periconceptional supplementation with folic acid only (FAO) or with multiple micronutrients containing folic acid (MMFA) and non‐syndromic cleft lip/palate in offspring.

Method

The data came from a prenatal health care system and a birth defects surveillance system in Beijing, China, from 2013 to 2018. Information on maternal FAO/MMFA supplementation was collected by questionnaire in the first trimester, and data on cleft lip/palate were collected at delivery or termination of pregnancy. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) by the propensity score to adjust for the confounders and Poisson regression model was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 63,969 participants were included in the study. Compared to the no‐supplementation group, the adjusted RR for the supplementation group was 0.51 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.64). And the adjusted RRs for FAO and MMFA compared to the no‐supplementation group were 0.56 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.76) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.65), respectively. Compared to supplement FAO and MMFA with less than 8 days out of 10 days, the adjusted RRs for FAO and MMFA with 8 or more days out of 10 days were 1.17 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.75), and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.37, 3.31), respectively.

Conclusion

Maternal supplementation with micronutrients, either FAO or MMFA, during the periconceptional period can reduce the risk for non‐syndromic cleft lip/palate in offspring. However, women should be more cautious with MMFA supplementation.
Interdisciplinary training on instructional design using robots and IoT objects: A case study on undergraduates from different disciplines
Authors: Lin Vivien , Chen Nian‐Shing
Published: January 2023

The rise of robotics and the internet of things (IoT) has led to more interdisciplinary computing opportunities. With the real‐life application of these new technological affordances across disciplines, more universities are engaging students in practical, hands‐on interdisciplinary design. This case study aims to train two undergraduates from different disciplines to apply robots and IoT in instructional design to benefit young language learners. The two undergraduates, one majoring in engineering and the other majoring in applied foreign languages, voluntarily participated in this interdisciplinary project‐based learning (iPjBL). By creating an emulated environment that connects educational robots and tangible objects, the two designers achieved a theme‐based instructional game design. The researchers assessed the quality of their instructional design, compared their design processes, and identified three factors that led to differing designer perspectives—(a) disciplinary training, (b) prior experience, and (c) design beliefs. These different perspectives can be used to help design training for instructional designers from various disciplines on how to apply robots and IoT‐based tangible objects in language education. Challenges faced by the two designers included insufficient cross‐disciplinary expertise, existing knowledge and skill gaps, and the need to redefine design beliefs to achieve better design outcomes. Issues and needs related to interdisciplinary learning were addressed and synthesized into essential steps to guide future instructional design that incorporates robots and IoT‐based tangible objects. Overall evaluation of the interdisciplinary learning outcome using the First Principles of Instruction model demonstrated that iPjBL can provide valuable learning for instructional designers from different disciplines.