bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects
Authors: Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Gresham Belinda A. , Meurisse Nicolas , Nahrung Helen F. , Perret-Gentil Anouchka , Pugh Andrew R. , Sopow Stephanie L. , Turner Rebecca M.
Published: May 2023

Pinus radiata (radiata pine or Monterey pine) is threatened in its native range in California and, at the same time, one of the most widely-planted tree species worldwide, especially in the southern hemisphere. It is affected by a wide range of plant-feeding insects both in its native range and in regions where it is planted as an introduced tree. In addition, there are many invasive insects that have colonised P. radiata, in some cases causing major damage. Here, our objectives were to provide a complete and up-to-date overview of all insect species recorded from P. radiata worldwide, to summarise where these insects are native and which countries or regions they have invaded, to categorise them according to their impacts as damaging species or as vectors of plant pathogens, and to examine border interceptions to determine whether pathways exist that would allow these species to enter and potentially invade additional regions. Our compilation of insects feeding on P. radiata provides a list of 649 species (and an additional 11 species identified at the genus level only). Coleoptera is the most represented order in the list (299 species), followed by Lepidoptera (224 species) and Hemiptera (65 species). We classified 28 species as high-impact, including 12 true bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), eight Lepidoptera, five other Coleoptera, two Hymenoptera and one Hemiptera. These species can cause substantial direct damage or act as vectors of highly-damaging plant pathogens. Other species cause only occasional damage, rarely requiring management (classified as ‘low-medium impact’) or they are generally benign (‘negligible impact’). Hemiptera and Scolytinae have a high proportion of species established outside their native range. The Nearctic and Neotropic regions have been invaded by the most high-impact species, mainly by species native to Europe. Border interceptions of 185 species (29% of those on our list) were recorded during import inspections between 1995–2021, indicating considerable potential for further invasions. The findings of our study can be used to identify potential high-impact invaders and the pathways that may require more phytosanitary attention. Furthermore, our analyses provide useful insights into the insect-plant interactions resulting from the global distribution of a tree species and the native and non-native insects feeding on it.
Etiology of dental implant complication and failure—an overview
Authors: Gupta Anirudh , Kale Bhairavi , Masurkar Deepika , Jaiswal Priyanka
Published: May 2023

Dental implant treatment is turning into a widely accepted and popular treatment option for patients. With the growing era of dental implant therapy, complications and failures have also become common. Such intricacies are becoming a vexing issue for clinicians as well as patients. Implant failures can be due to mechanical or biological reasons. Failure of osseointegration of the implant falls under biological failures, whereas mechanical complications include fracture of the implant, framework or prosthetic components. Diligently observing the implant after placement is the first step in managing the declining circumstances. It is important to have a thorough understanding of how and why implants fail to achieve successful treatment outcomes in the long run. In dentistry, nanoparticles are used to make antibacterial chemicals that improve dental implants. They can be used in conjunction with acrylic resins for fabricating removable dentures during prosthetic treatments, composite resins for direct restoration during restorative treatments, endodontic irrigants and obturation materials during endodontic procedures, orthodontic adhesives and titanium coating during dental implant procedures. This article aimed to review the etiological factors that lead to implant failure and their solutions.
A portfolio recommendation system based on machine learning and big data analytics
Authors: Leung Man-Fai , Jawaid Abdullah , Ip Sai-Wang , Kwok Chun-Hei , Yan Shing
Published: May 2023

This research paper introduces a portfolio recommendation system that utilizes machine learning and big data analytics to offer a profitable stock portfolio and stock analytics via a web application. The system's effectiveness was evaluated through backtesting and user evaluation studies, which consisted of two parts: user evaluation and performance evaluation. The findings indicate that the development of a machine learning-based portfolio recommendation system and big data analytics can effectively meet the expectations of the majority of users and enhance users' financial knowledge. This study contributes to the growing body of research on utilizing advanced technologies for portfolio recommendation and highlights the potential of machine learning and big data analytics in the financial industry.
La Montología Global 4D: Hacia las Ciencias Convergentes y Transdisciplinarias de Montaña a través del Tiempo y el Espacio
Authors: Sarmiento Fausto O. , Haller Andreas , Marchant Carla , Yoshida Masahito , Leigh David S. , Woosnam Kyle , Porinchu David F. , Gandhi Kamal , King Elizabeth G. , Pistone Mattia , Kavoori Andanam , Calabria Jon , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema , Chávez Renato , Gunya Alexey , Yépez Alden , Lee Sungkyung , Reap James
Published: May 2023

La utilización de los estudios de montaña requiere de narrativas integradoras para la geoalfabetización sobre paisajes socioecológicos productivos y motiva más investigaciones transdisciplinares en el campo de la montología. Concebimos este artículo como la confluencia de la experiencia individual y el razonamiento colectivo hacia la formación de grupos de investigación sinérgicos que se ocupan de la ciencia de montaña convergente, para hacer avanzar la montología a un nuevo nivel, mediante el cual el pensamiento innovador sobre la ciencia de la sustentabilidad y el desarrollo regenerativo incorpora propuestas alternativas para el mantenimiento, la mejora, o regeneración de las condiciones de vida de los paisajes de montaña. Buscamos utilizar este marco contemporáneo de sustentabilidad y restauración ecológica como el ímpetu para comprender mejor las relaciones de la naturaleza y la cultura, desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar, en montañas habitadas que operan en cuatro dimensiones (largo, ancho, alto y tiempo). El artículo está orientado a potenciar la transversalidad de temáticas en torno a las montañas como sistemas socioecológicos productivos, en una nueva disciplina académica institucionalizada y convergente. Concluimos con un llamado a un desarrollo regenerativo, sustentable y consiliente en las montañas del mundo.
Assessment for DHH With Additional Disabilities
Authors: Neild Nena R. , Dale Brittany A. , Fitzpatrick Michael
Published: May 2023

Assessment plays a critical role in the education of all students, especially Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) students with additional disabilities. This chapter reviews the importance and provides an overview of assessment for DHH students with additional disabilities. It begins with the history of assessment needed in order to build an understanding of the current issues related to assessments. This chapter focuses on limitations and challenges, types of assessment, and accommodations and modifications needed to support the academic, social, and behavioral outcomes for DHH students with disabilities.
Increasing Outcomes
Authors: Weir Joan , Dostal Hannah M.
Published: May 2023

The ability to write clearly and effectively is an important communication skill that is necessary for school and employment, as it is often the best way to disseminate information and ideas. Both unrecorded sign and speech are ephemeral, but writing allows the author to share an experience or idea long after an event or thought has occurred. Developing writing skills will support Deaf and hard of hearing students (DHH) and Deaf students with additional disability labels in becoming more effective communicators, and will increase their academic and reading success.
Writing Critical Deaf Pedagogy
Authors: Skyer Michael Edmond
Published: May 2023

Research on deaf writing pedagogies is theoretically and practically underwhelming. This affects deaf students learning to write in higher education and deaf students with additional disabilities, like Autism Spectrum Disorder and Language Deprivation Syndrome. The general problems are: uncritical theory, underdeveloped empiricism, and weak, un-reflexive classroom praxis. This research base is dominated by nondeaf or nondisabled researchers or teachers who generate trivial background information or produce uncritical technician-focused methods, where writing is shown as a value-neutral skill or assessed using standards exogenous to deaf populations' situated needs. In contrast, this chapter critically interprets research and uses autoethnography to describe practical methods about deaf and disabled writers, depicted as capable, creative scholars. The chapter asks and responds to two questions: What does a critical analysis of research on deaf writing pedagogies show about deaf writers and teaching writing to deaf students? And how does autoethnographic praxis-analysis support critical deaf pedagogy?
A Model Unit Plan
Authors: Yuknis Christina , Mitchell Thomas , Appanah Thangi M.
Published: May 2023

This chapter provides practitioners with a blueprint for developing a unit plan to teach expository writing to neurodivergent deaf students. Teachers are challenged to support the needs of these students. The authors provide a structure for teachers to focus on minimizing barriers and making learning accessible to all students using a universal for design (UDL) framework. The chapter includes a sample unit plan using the profiles of fictional target students. A clear process is described to unwrap the standards and determine the skills and concepts to be taught. The process for developing goals, objectives, selecting materials, assessments, and strategies is also included. Throughout the course of this chapter, each step of the process is clearly outlined by using a think aloud process and providing a rationale behind each decision.
Collaboration and Teamwork
Authors: Musyoka Millicent Malinda , Ramu Jane Ene , Shen Guofeng
Published: May 2023

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) guarantees several safeguards to parents concerning their child's education. The safeguards include the right to their children's educational records, an independent evaluation, and an impartial hearing in case of disagreements regarding educational plans. Yet, despite the institutions of the safeguards, the complex educational needs of Deaf and hard-of-hearing children with additional disabilities (DSWAD) demand parent-teacher partnership. However, according to the authors, there is no literature focusing on DSWAD and the nature of the parent-teacher partnership. The current chapter attends to this gap by presenting and discussing shared stories of DSWAD parent-teacher partnerships as a tool for both novice and seasoned teachers to think critically about their engagement with parents of DSWAD.
Writing Among Deaf Learners With Disabilities
Authors: Scott Jessica Armytage , Stanley LaKisha A.
Published: May 2023

Deaf-disabled learners make up an increasing number of students enrolled in the K-12 classroom. However, there are few resources available to teachers that provide specific guidance as to how to support the unique needs of these populations. In addition, the teaching of writing skills is a less studied component of literacy, one that many learners regardless of deafness or disability find challenging. This chapter includes three main sections. First, the authors explore the research that is available on the writing of deaf learners with disabilities. Next, the authors make specific recommendations to teachers regarding creating a learning environment that will allow the writing of deaf learners with disabilities to flourish. These recommendations are enacted through a description of a classroom teacher who supports deaf students with disabilities as they engage with writing. Finally, the authors close with recommendations for future research.
Assessing the Comparability and the Understandability of the Information on Cash Flows by European-Listed Entities
Authors: Velez Ana Rita , Albuquerque Fábio , Pinto Vera
Published: May 2023

This chapter aims to assess the comparability and understandability of information on cash flows through the choices by entities in the presentation of the statement of cash flows (SCF) and the disclosure of non-generally accepted accounting principles measures (NGM) related to cash flow information, respectively. Data were obtained from 484 consolidated annual reports, between 2018 and 2021, from 121 entities listed on Euronext. The findings indicated that interest paid and received (dividends paid) were generally classified in the operating (financing) category, contrary to (aligned with) the proposed in the exposure draft (ED) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The findings also showed that entities often disclose NGM related to cash flows and present their formula and the possibility of reconciliation with the SCF. This research contributes to the discussion around the comparability, and understandability of information in the context of the current IASB's ED, which aims to standardise the presentation and the disclosure requirements on cash flows.
An Integrative View of Corporate Transparency in Family Businesses
Authors: Martín-Zamora María-Pilar , Borralho Joao Miguel , Hernández-Linares Remedios
Published: May 2023

Transparency is a key factor in ensuring family firms' commercial success and establishing and nurturing trust among stakeholders, including managers and teams. However, transparency appears to depend on business contexts and, more specifically, on family members' involvement in these companies, which helps explain researchers' growing interest in corporate transparency in family firms. This chapter examines the most relevant literature on this topic to provide an integrative overview of studies of transparency practices in family businesses and identify the main research gaps that comprise paths for future investigations. To this end, a non-systematic compilation and review was conducted of 50 related articles published in journals included in the Academic Journal Guide 2021. Content analysis revealed that the majority are based on empirical research focusing on the quality of information disclosed via earnings management. The most significant findings are discussed in this chapter, including research questions to be answered in further studies of this topic.
Digital Supply Chain
Authors: Sedky Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Businesses have been exposed to the risk of closure because of the global supply chain disruption post the COVID-19 pandemic. Uncertainty and lack of products and services led firms to encounter losses ranging from decreased market shares to a total failure to sustain operations. Leaders invest in the digital supply chain to improve firms' performance and mitigate global business risks. Grounded in Duchek's organizational resilience theory, the purpose of this chapter is to explore the digital supply chain, a proposed solution to the global disruption impacting business sustainability. Data were collected from a review of previous literature and cases of digital supply chain successful implementation in the US retail industry. A key recommendation for firms is to invest in digital supply chain models that fit businesses' needs. Digital supply chain may allow supply chain members collaboration, reduce the closure risk, extend opportunities, and positively impact communities' stability and growth.
AI-Based Big Data Algorithms and Machine Learning Techniques for Managing Data in E-Governance
Authors: Samuel Prithi , Reshmy A. K.  , Rajesh Sudha , Kanipriya M.  , Karthika R. A.
Published: May 2023

E-government is the effective and efficient delivery of high-quality information and governmental services to citizens and/or other governmental and non-government entities. Both the service provider and the citizens using the services will gain from big data analysis. Market Research indicates that 75% of government agencies are using big data to enhance the standard of living for individuals. Big data analytics gives a perspective into the effectiveness of government programmes and policies. In order to gauge public sentiment and comprehend citizens' thoughts and attitudes about government programmes, forecasting and prescriptive analysis suggests the optimal course of action. This chapter will provide a brief overview of key topics to help readers fully comprehend how big data is used across the government department.
Decentralized Edge Intelligence for Big Data Analytics-Assisted E-Learning
Authors: Rajkumar Newlin , Daniel Alfred , Jayashree S.
Published: May 2023

Data has always been important in making decisions. Data is being created at an exponential rate due to technological advancements. In every corner of the world, there is a tidal surge of data. Every element of a company, including educational institutions, has access to digital data. Social networking, smartphones, and the World Wide Web are just a handful of the methods used to generate this massive amount of data. Virtual learning environments have been gathering up speed recently, owing to the advancements revealed in their assistance and the sheer number of terminals directly or indirectly associated with them. Online education, computer-assisted instruction, virtual education, learning, virtual learning environments, and digital educational cooperation are all examples of e-learning. A unique trustworthiness-based methodology is proposed to strengthen data security in computer-supported collaborative learning environments, taking into account the vital security-related concerns in e-learning.
Demand Forecast of Railway Transportation Logistics Supply Chain Based on Machine Learning Model
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Zhang Yaqiong , Guo Wanqing
Published: May 2023

The deep learning method based on long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) was constructed by researching the factors affecting railway transportation logistics. Moreover, a simulation study on Tianjin Station was conducted. The deep learning model suitable for the logistics demand forecasting of Tianjin Station was established, and the changing trend of logistics supply chain demand in Tianjin Station in the future was analyzed. Moreover, a strategy for railway construction and regional cooperation was proposed. In this study, three deep learning neural networks, namely LSTM, GRU, and Bi-LSTM, were used to construct a demand forecasting model for the logistics supply chain in Tianjin Station. Bi-LSTM, which has bidirectional storage performance and the highest prediction accuracy, is superior to the traditional neural network structure in terms of period and fluctuation.
The Influence of Knowledge Worker Salary Satisfaction on Employee Job Performance
Authors: Zeng Lina
Published: May 2023

Knowledge workers are quite crucial to every enterprise, so exploring the relationship between their salary satisfaction and job performance is significant. Hence, this work observes their salary satisfaction by identifying the employees' emotions at the time of salary announcement. The relationship between salary satisfaction and job performance is studied through the obtained satisfaction. First, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model is introduced. Then, it is optimized by adding an attention mechanism to improve the accuracy of the emotion recognition model. Finally, through comparative experiments, the effectiveness of the model proposed and the impact of employee's salary satisfaction on job performance are verified. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the model is much higher than that of the traditional model. In particular, the recognition accuracy of neutral emotions is as high as 95%. It verifies the effectiveness of the model.
Skin cancer primary prevention by counseling patients with different skin tones
Authors: Foltz Emilie A. , Thomson Olivia , Kam Sarah
Published: May 2023

Early sun exposure in pediatric and adolescent years predisposes individuals to skin cancer, and provider counseling about photoprotective behaviors can reduce this risk in both children and adults. In the United States, people with dark skin tones have higher mortality rates from skin cancer, yet there is a lower incidence of skin malignancies in these populations. Research suggests this is due to inadequate understanding and medical training regarding dermatologic disease in skin of color.
Functional fitness and fall risk in older adults practitioners or non-practitioners of Tai Chi
Authors: Gómez-Campos Rossana , Vidal-Espinoza Rubén , Vega-Novoa Sebastián , Silva Ramos de Lázari Marcella , Urzua-Alul Luis , Portugal Margot Rivera , De la Torre Choque Christian , Cossio-Bolaños Marco
Published: May 2023

Tai chi is a fundamental tool that has a significant influence on balance, motor function and fear of falling among older adults. The objective of the study was to verify functional fitness and fall risk in older adults (OA) practitioners and non-practitioners of Tai Chi. An ex-post-facto study was carried out in practicing and non-practicing OA of Tai chi. The sample selection was non-probabilistic (convenience). Thirty-one adults with an age range of 65 to 80 years were studied. Two study groups were formed: Group practicing Tai Chi [GPT (n= 15 subjects)] and Group not practicing Tai Chi [GNPT (n= 16 subjects)]. Age, weight, height, waist circumference were assessed. Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM) were calculated. Five functional fitness tests were assessed: biceps curl (30sec), Chair stand (30sec), agility (sec), 2min walk (#rep) and 6min-1 walk (m). Fall risk was measured using a 13-item scale. The GPT showed better performance in all five functional fitness tests (biceps curl, Chair stand, agility, 2min gait and 6min walk) compared to the GPT. The effect size (ES: ~0.20 to 0.48) and Cohen's d (~ 0.39 to 1.10) between both groups were medium to large. There were also differences between the mean values in fall risk between both groups (GNPT: 2.1±1.7points and GNPT: 4.7±1.9points, p<0.05). This study demonstrated that the group of OA practicing Tai Chi presented better levels of functional fitness and less risk of falling in relation to their counterparts who did not practice Tai Chi. These results suggest including this type of old-time exercise in physical activity programs that promote functional fitness wellness and fall prevention among OA
Integrated care at the emergency department: an investment for better health
Authors: Lim Steven Hoon Chin , Ong Colin Eng Choon , Ang Arron Seng Hock , Lee Khai Pin , Lee Jean Mui Hua , Anantharaman Venkataraman
Published: May 2023

It is crucial that policy makers, healthcare providers and relevant stakeholders understand how integrated care may be improved at our emergency departments (EDs) and what benefits that would bring. The potential that exists for right-siting care of special patient groups who could be managed in an ambulatory setting with the integration of a variety of hospital-based and community-based clinical support services is tremendous. This review describes the best practice and value of integrated care at the EDs. Local evidence is cited and compared with findings from overseas. The opportunities of care transition interventions among discharged patients are outlined, including that for paediatric patients, palliative care patients and patients with chronic diseases. This review also suggests ways to move forward to meet the aim of providing holistic care at EDs through integrated care programmes, innovation and research.
Phase II Trial of Combined Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab with Proton Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hana , Park Sehhoon , Jung Hyun Ae , Lee Se-Hoon , Park Keunchil , Ahn Yong Chan , Oh Dongryul , Ahn Myung-Ju
Published: May 2023

Purpose This phase II study investigated whether durvalumab/tremelimumab with proton therapy improves the objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in heavily treated recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.Materials and Methods Patients who previously received more than one chemotherapy, including at least one platinum-based regimen, and who had at least two measurable lesions were enrolled. Patients received 1,500 mg durvalumab intravenously combined with 75 mg tremelimumab intravenously every 4 weeks for four cycles followed by 1,500 mg durvalumab every 4 weeks. After one cycle of the durvalumab/tremelimumab treatment, proton therapy was given with a total dose of 25 Gy in 5 Gy daily fractions to one of the measurable lesions. We also assessed the ORR in the target lesion outside the radiation field to evaluate the abscopal effect.Results Thirty-one patients were enrolled between March 2018 and July 2020. With 8.6 months of follow-up, the ORR was 22.6% (7/31), including one complete response and six partial responses. The median OS was 8.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 14.3) and the median PFS was 2.4 months (95% CI, 0.6 to 4.2). Among the 23 evaluable patients who completed proton therapy, the ORR was 30.4% (7/23). The median OS was 11.1 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 15.8), and the median PFS was 3.7 months (95% CI, 1.6 to 5.7). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed in six patients (19.4%) as follows: anemia (n=1), constipation (n=1), electrolyte imbalances (n=2), hyperglycemia (n=1), and pneumonia (n=1).Conclusion The combination of durvalumab/tremelimuab with proton therapy was tolerated well and had encouraging anti-tumor efficacy in non-irradiated tumor lesions of heavily treated HNSCC patients.
Homology and $K$-theory of dynamical systems II. Smale spaces with totally disconnected transversal
Authors: Proietti Valerio , Yamashita Makoto
Published: May 2023

We apply our previous work on the relation between groupoid homology and

K

-theory to Smale spaces. More precisely, we consider the unstable equivalence relation of a Smale space with totally disconnected stable sets and prove that the associated spectral sequence shows Putnam's stable homology groups on the second sheet. Moreover, this homology is in fact isomorphic to the groupoid homology of the unstable equivalence relation.
Los efectos limitados del greenwashing en la actitud hacia las marcas comerciales
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Álvaro , De Frutos Torres Belinda , Margalina Vasilica-María
Published: May 2023

Introducción: El marketing verde es parte inherente de muchas empresas, cuyo objetivo principal es dar a conocer a los consumidores su compromiso con el medio ambiente y, también, para mejorar la imagen y actitud hacia sus marcas y productos. A su vez, es de gran relevancia la actitud hacia el medio ambiente que tienen estos consumidores, pues de ella dependerá la efectividad del marketing verde o que, por el contrario, se perciba como greenwashing. Por tanto, el propósito de esta investigación es comprobar cómo influyen las diversas estrategias de marketing verde en las actitudes hacia ciertas marcas/productos en función de las creencias y actitudes hacia la ecología y el medio ambiente. Metodología: Se suministró un cuestionario a 342 universitarios sobre diferentes marcas y con diversos tipos de presentaciones (sin imagen, con publicidad normal o clásica, con publicidad verde), así como una serie de ítems sobre actitudes medioambientales. Resultados: en la mayoría de productos presentados no influye el marketing verde en las actitudes, además, la importancia que las personas dan a lo ecológico y a lo medioambiental no afecta en la mayoría de casos a la relación entre marketing verde y actitudes hacia la marca/producto. Discusión: las empresas deben tener en cuenta que tal vez sus prácticas de marketing verde no sean efectivas y que los consumidores pueden detectar greenwashing. Conclusiones: el modelo estadístico planteado se muestra eficaz y puede servir de referencia para futuras investigaciones similares que deseen ampliar el objeto de estudio.
Electronically tunable compact inductance simulator with experimental verification
Authors: Bhardwaj Kapil , Srivastava Mayank , Kumar Anand , Singh Ramendra , Tangsrirat Worapong
Published: May 2023

A novel inductance simulation circuit employing only two dual‐output voltage‐differencing buffered amplifiers (DO‐VDBAs) and a single capacitance (grounded) is proposed in this paper. The reported configuration is a purely resistor‐less realization that provides electronically controllable realized inductance through biasing quantities of DO‐VDBAs and does not rely on any constraints related to matched values of parameters. This structure exhibits excellent behavior under the influence of tracking errors in DO‐VDBAs and does not exhibit instability at high frequencies. The simple and compact metal‐oxide semiconductor (MOS) implementation of the DO‐VDBAs (eight MOS per DO‐VDBA) and adoption of grounded capacitance make the proposed circuit suitable for on‐chip realization from the perspective of chip area consumption. The function of the pure grounded inductance is validated through high pass/bandpass filtering applications. To test the proposed design, simulations were performed in the PSPICE environment. Experimental validation was also conducted using the integrated circuit CA3080 and operational amplifier LF‐356.
Research on Design Development and Modification of a Steel Piston in
a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
Authors: Liu Yipeng , Jing Guoxi , Zhang Longfei , Han Mengyu , Zhang Weibin , Liu Hai , Zhang Zhongwei
Published: May 2023

The thermal and mechanical loads of the engine rise dramatically with the
increase in engine power density, which places higher demands on the design of
the piston. In this paper, the design development of a steel piston for a marine
diesel engine belonging to 190 series heavy-duty diesel engines was studied. The
design methods including material selection and structural design were used to
finished the preliminary design. In the meanwhile, the design philosophies of
the aluminum alloy piston and composite piston for the 190 series diesel engines
were used for reference in the design process. The designed steel piston was
tested in the engine durability bench test and simulated for reliability. The
results showed that the failure of the steel piston occurred at the same
position in both the test and the simulation. The cause of cracking in the steel
piston was analyzed, and the insufficient strength of the local structure led to
high-cycle fatigue failure. Based on the failure mechanism, the modified design
was carried out. The improved steel piston not only satisfied the fatigue
strength assessment but passed the engine durability bench test successfully.
Finally, the design development of the steel piston was finished. This study has
significance for the design of steel pistons for large-bore diesel engines.
Model Selection for Predicting the Evaporation Rate of Aviation
Fuels
Authors: Pham Vu Thanh Nam , Pham Xuan Phuong , Nguyen Trung Kien
Published: May 2023

The prediction of accurate evaporation rates for aviation fuels, which are
complex mixtures of hundreds of hydrocarbon components with varying evaporation
characteristics, remains a challenge. Multi-component vaporization models, such
as distillation curve (DC) and diffusion limit (DL), are capable of predicting
evaporation rates well but require the construction of surrogate fuels, which is
difficult. Mono-component models, on the other hand, can be used for rapid
evaporation conditions similar to those in a heat engine combustion chamber,
with acceptable uncertainties. However, the accuracy of these models under
engine-relevant operating conditions is unclear. This study aims to address this
research gap by experimentally measuring the evaporation rates of two aviation
fuels (TS-1 and Jet-A1) at different temperature conditions and evaluating the
feasibility of current theoretical models for predicting evaporation rates under
engine-relevant conditions. The study found that current models cannot
accurately describe special events such as micro-explosions or slow evaporation,
which were observed in the case of TS-1 droplets at temperatures above 823 K.
This study highlights the need for more accurate models for predicting the
evaporation rates of aviation fuels under engine-relevant conditions.
High-Voltage DC Electromechanical, Solid State, and Hybrid Switching Devices in Aerospace Applications
Authors:   AE-10 High Voltage Committee
Published: May 2023

The scope of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is first to establish applicable definitions and terms prior to considering the application domain and use cases in HVDC applications. Then it will identify commanded switching technologies to be considered for aerospace applications and provide rationale for their selection.
Air Bleed Objective for Rotorcraft Turbine Engines
Authors:   S-12 Powered Lift Propulsion Committee
Published: May 2023

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) defines the helicopter bleed air requirements which may be obtained through compressor extraction and is intended as a guide to engine designers.
Tolerances Copper and Copper Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers established inch/pound manufacturing tolerances applicable to copper and copper alloy sheet, strip, and plate ordered to inch/pound dimensions. These tolerances apply to all conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Aluminum Alloy, Drawn, Round, Seamless Hydraulic Tubing 2.5Mg - 0.25Cr (5052-O) Annealed
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of drawn, round seamless tubing having a wall thickness of 0.010 to 0.450 inch (0.25 to 11.43 mm), inclusive, and nominal outside diameters of 0.125 to 3.000 inch (3.18 to 76.2 mm), inclusive (see 8.5).
Aluminum Alloy Forgings 7.7Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.5Cu - 0.16Cr (7049-T73) Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die forgings or hand forgings up to 5 inches (125 mm) in thickness, and forging stock of any size (see 8.7).
Aluminum Alloy, Coiled Sheet 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T4) Solution Treated
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of coiled sheet 0.010 to 0.249 inch (0.25 to 6.32 mm), inclusive, in thickness, supplied in the -T4 temper (see 8.5).
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 74Ni - 15.5Cr - 8.0Fe Annealed
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate up to 2.000 inches (50.80 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness.
Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Tubing 19Cr - 10Ni High-Pressure Hydraulic, Welded Plus Ultrasonically Tested or Seamless Cold Drawn, One Eighth - Hard Temper
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of welded and drawn or seamless and drawn tubing.
Steel, Plate 2.0Cr - 10Ni - 8.0Co - 1.0Mo (0.10 - 0.14C) (HY-180) Double Vacuum Melted, Solution Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: May 2023

This specification covers a maraging steel in the form of rolled or forged plate 0.375 inches through 8.000 inches (9.52 mm through 203.20 mm).
Restraint Systems for Civil Aircraft
Authors:   Aircraft Seat Committee
Published: May 2023

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies laboratory test procedures and minimum requirements for the manufacturer of restraint systems for use in civil aircraft. It is intended to establish a minimum level of quality which can be called upon by the designer of those systems. However, compliance with this standard alone may not assure adequate performance of the restraint system under normal and emergency conditions. Such performance requires consideration of factors beyond the scope of this standard, and must be demonstrated by a system evaluation procedure which includes the seat, the occupant, the specific restraint installation, and the cabin interior configuration. This standard specifies the requirements for Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 restraint systems.

Buckles that release automatically or through any means other than the direct action of the fingers or thumb on the buckle are beyond the scope of this standard.
Syntheses of novel disperse dyes based on arylazophenols: Synthesis, characterizations and applications
Authors: Ahmed El-Apasery Morsy , Elsayed Ahmed Abdellatif Mahmoud , Ahmed Yassin Fathy , Morsy Ahmed Sara
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT. Three compounds, phenyl propenone, p-tolyl propenone, and bromo phenylpropenone derivatives 3a-c were produced in good yields via condensation derivatives of acetophenone with dimethyl formamide dimethyl acetal (DMFDMA) in presence of xylene as a solvent. Compounds 5a-f were produced by coupling the enaminones 3a-c with diazonium chloride 4a or 4b. Compounds 5a-f were reacted with acetone to create novel disperse dyes 9a-f. Mass spectra, (FT-IR), elemental analysis, and 1H-NMR spectra were used to confirm the chemical structure of the new dyes. The new disperse  dyes were used in dyeing polyester fabrics at low temperature, and fabrics with colors ranging from yellowish brown to dark yellowish brown were obtained. Thus, the different fastness properties of these dyed fabrics were studied, which gave excellent results. Finally, the biological activity of these new dyes was studied, which showed that they have biological activity against bacteria and fungi.

 

KEY WORDS: Azo dye, Carrier, Low temperature dyeing, Arylazophenols, Color fastness

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(4), 993-1002.                                                             

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i4.15
Does birth order or gender influence students’ attitude toward mathematics in junior secondary schools in eket akwa ibom state, nigeria?
Authors: Ekpenyong Effiong Ibok , Anne Ndidi Meremikwu , Richard Ekonsi Orim , Peter Agbudu Anditung , Lovina Idoko Inah
Published: May 2023

This study examined influence of birth order and gender on junior secondary school students’ attitude toward Mathematics in Eket southern Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used. A sample of 1000 students was selected by stratified, random sampling procedures. Data was collected with a structured Questionnaire; with a Cronbach Alpha reliability estimate of .77. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent t- test were used for statistical test of the hypotheses at .05   level of significance. The result showed that first-borns had more positive attitude toward Mathematics than their other siblings (ANOVA: F= 16.096; p=0.000). Male students showed more positive attitude to Mathematics than their female counterpart (t=6.110; p=0.001). Study concluded that birth order and gender influenced students’ attitude to mathematics Eket Nigeria. It was recommended that Mathematics teaching and evaluation strategies should be gender-sensitive so as to minimize gender-related bias and inequity.
The growth and development outcomes of foetuses born of albino rats (Rattus Norvegicus) prenatally exposed to varying doses of lamotrigine
Authors: Mwangi Ann Wairimu , Kweri Joseph Kariuki , Kweri Cyrus Kamau , Kanyoni James Mwangi , Kigundu Alex Muriithi , Mwangi Elijah Githinji , Marera Dominic Oduor
Published: May 2023

The growth and development outcomes of the foetuses born by mothers who prenatally get exposed to lamotrigine (LAMT) have not been well  established. Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant medicine used in the management of acute epileptic seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, fibromyalgia,  schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar I disorder maintenance among others. Though currently lamotrigine is being prescribed as a first line  medicine in the management of these maternal conditions, past studies are not conclusive on its teratogenic effects on growth and development of  embryos and foetuses upon its in-utero exposure, with some demonstrating no effects, while others recommend further studies. Data on growth and development effects upon administration of lamotrigine at varying dosages at different trimesters will therefore be of help to the expectant mothers who  consume lamotrigine, developing embryos and foetuses as well as guide the clinicians on the dosage and when to prescribe lamotrigine. A post- test-only experimental design was adopted using 30 female sexually mature rats of 250 + 30grams.These female albino rats were divided into two main groups of 3 rats in the control group and 27 rats in the dosage group. Excel spreadsheets were used to code the data and was analyzed in SPSS. Study  findings were expressed as mean + standard error of the mean (SEM). Values whose p<.05 were reported as being statistically significant different. Study  findings depicted a reduction in mean fetal weight (FW), mean crown-rump length (CRL), mean bi-parietal diameter (BD), mean head circumference (HC)  as well as mean head length (HL) in a time and dose related manner. More reduction in foetal growth and development parameters were observed in  high lamotrigine dosages, especially when administrations were done during the first and the second trimesters. Further studies with animals close to  human species are recommended to guide on the safety human therapeutic dosages.
Knowledge and practice in Jordan regarding the outbreak and prevention of COVID-19: a questionnaire-based study
Authors: Al-Shawabkeh Jumanah D , Laban Nidal Abu , Husein Neda’a , Jaber Deema
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate public awareness and source of information regarding the management of the 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among Jordanians.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jordan during the COVID-19 outbreak from March 25th to April 29th, 2020. A validated online questionnaire addressing participants' current awareness about COVID-19 pandemics, source of information, and perspectives of their role. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Descriptive analysis data were reported as mean and standard deviations for continuous variables and percentages were used for qualitative variables. P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: This study involved 409 participants that had a mean age of 26.2 ± 8.7 years and 76.3 % were females. Nearly 67.7 % of the participants obtained their information about COVID-19 from social media, and 16.6 % from governmental agencies. Furthermore, 70.7 % of participants believed that wearing a medical face mask is not necessary to protect against COVID-19, about 95.6 % of the participants agreed to take COVID-19 detection tests when they suffer from symptoms related to COVID-19 infection, and 98.8 % agreed to visit the hospital if they have the infection.

Conclusion: This survey has shown the importance of public awareness in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases. Most Jordanian participants have good knowledge of COVID-19 as a deadly disease that spreads rapidly among the population in a community. Furthermore, the people have awareness of drugs that enhance the immune system. This public awareness made Jordan one of the countries with reduced number of weekly recorded cases of COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic.
Perceptions of pharmacists and other healthcare professionals on marketed mobile applications used for self-management by type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review
Authors: Vukmirović Dušan , Krajnović Dušanka , Odalović Marina
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To determine the level of awareness, beliefs and experience of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding mobile applications for self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This review was done by searching the literature using three databases viz: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Assessment of quality of studies was carried out using the scale of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The results were presented in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Results: The search strategy identified 725 unique research papers, 4 of which were included. A survey among pharmacists showed that 56 % of participants were aware of the existence of mobile health applications, and that 60 % of those who were aware recommended their use. In the multi-HCPs setting, depending on the study, apps recommendation rate varied from 45.5 to 62 %. Most of the participants (88 %) agreed that a mobile app would help strengthen their treatment recommendations to the patients (88 %), and 84 % also agreed that it would help patients manage diabetes better.

Conclusion: Not much research has been done on this topic. Available data suggest that the awareness of HCPs regarding mobile applications is unsatisfactory, and that those familiar with these apps find them useful and are ready to recommend them to patients. There is need for further research and measures to increase awareness and knowledge of HCPs about available mobile applications, in order to ensure adequate support to patients with diabetes.
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB
Authors: Ye Jianhua , Shen Shenghui , Dai Xialing , Zhang Tianjie
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the ameliorative effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway.

Methods: The MIRI rat model was established. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to sham, MIRI, and ASP low-dose (50 mg/kg) and high-dose (100 mg/kg) groups, and a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury was established. In in vitro studies, H/R cardiomycetes (derived from neonatal cell culture) were randomized to control, H/R, H/R + ASP low dose (5 μg/mL), H/R + ASP high dose (10 μg/mL), and ASP high dose + TLR4 activator groups.

Results: After intragastric administration of ASP for 4 consecutive weeks, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were reduced after ASP treatment in MIRI rats (p < 0.05). Both in vivo and in vitro, ASP reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expressions (p < 0.05), and alleviated inflammatory response. Apoptosis was inhibited by ASP, which also increased Bcl2, reduced Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expressions, while TLR-4, p-IκBα, and p-p65 were decreased.

Conclusion: The cardioprotective effect of ASP on MIRI results in the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Thus, this study broadens the current body of knowledge on the pharmacological prevention of MIRI and the therapeutic potential of ASP.