bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetracycline (TC) removal from wastewater with activated carbon (AC) obtained from waste grape marc: activated carbon characterization and adsorption mechanism
Authors: Sağlam Semanur , Türk Feride N. , Arslanoğlu Hasan
Published: May 2024

In this study, activated carbons were obtained from grape marc for tetracycline removal from wastewater. Activated carbons were obtained by subjecting them to pyrolysis at 300, 500, and 700 °C, respectively, and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on activated carbons was investigated. The physicochemical and surface properties of the activated carbons were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, XRD, elemental analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption isothermal, thermal gravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), and BET surface area analysis. When the BET surface areas were examined, it was found that 4.25 m2/g for activated carbon was produced at 300 °C, 44.23 m2/g for activated carbon obtained at 500 °C and 44.23 m2/g at 700 °C, which showed that the BET surface areas increased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. The pore volumes of the synthesized activated carbons were 0.0037 cm3/g, 0.023 cm3/g, and 0.305 cm3/g for pyrolysis temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C, respectively, while the average pore size was found to be 8.02 nm, 9.45 nm, and 10.29 nm, respectively. A better adsorption capacity was observed due to the decrease in oxygen-rich functional groups with increasing pyrolysis temperature. It was observed that the activated carbon obtained from grape skins can easily treat hazardous wastewater containing tetracycline due to its high carbon content and surface functional groups. It was also shown that the activated carbon synthesized in this study has a higher pore volume despite its low surface area compared to the studies in the literature. Thanks to the high pore volume and surface active groups, a successful tetracycline removal was achieved.

Graphical Abstract
Replacing location-based electricity consumption with market-based residual mixes in background data to avoid possible double counting: a quantitative analysis of effects and challenges
Authors: Holzapfel Peter , Bunsen Jonas , Schmidt-Sierra Ivo , Bach Vanessa , Finkbeiner Matthias
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Most life cycle inventory (LCI) datasets include location-based electricity mixes. Using these LCI datasets in combination with market-based electricity accounting in life cycle assessments (LCAs) leads to double counting of electricity from specific sources, such as renewable energy. The goal of this paper is to analyze market-based accounting by replacing location-based electricity consumption with market-based residual mixes in all processes of the ecoinvent database. The python script for this replacement procedure is openly available.

Materials and methods

We use the Brightway 2 software package to replace European location-based electricity consumption in all 21,238 processes of the ecoinvent database with residual electricity mixes on the corresponding voltage level. The ecoinvent database provides residual electricity mixes for all countries involved in European trade with market-based energy attribute certificates—Guarantees of Origin. We analyze the induced changes to the database both on an individual process level and on a database-wide level. The analysis focusses on the impact category climate change but is further extended to the impact categories terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, ozone depletion, and particulate matter formation.

Results and discussion

For European processes, the implementation of the residual electricity mixes leads to average changes in the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results for climate change of 1%, 10%, 20%, and 50% for 2958, 733, 387, and 107 processes, respectively. Changes are especially pronounced for Norwegian and Icelandic processes due to the large differences among their location-based and residual electricity mixes. For the other analyzed impact categories, the changes in LCIA results are particularly high for freshwater eutrophication. With the push towards more primary data in LCA and GHG accounting, the impacts of using residual electricity mixes instead of location-based electricity mixes need further research on basis of quantified figures, which we present in this paper.

Conclusion

This paper presents an approach towards enabling more consistent market-based accounting throughout LCAs and thereby contributes to the avoidance of double counting. Since only European residual mixes are considered, the database of this paper leads to distortion of LCA results. Further, research is needed to address double counting beyond the European electricity sector. This includes an expansion of this research to a global level and other industrial sectors. Furthermore, research is needed regarding industry-specific electricity sources in LCI datasets, which may also lead to double counting.
A Comparative Analysis of Transient Finite-Strain Coupled Diffusion-Deformation Theories for Hydrogels
Authors: Urrea-Quintero Jorge-Humberto , Marino Michele , Wick Thomas , Nackenhorst Udo
Published: May 2024

This work presents a comparative review and classification between some well-known thermodynamically consistent models of hydrogel behavior in a large deformation setting, specifically focusing on solvent absorption/desorption and its impact on mechanical deformation and network swelling. The proposed discussion addresses formulation aspects, general mathematical classification of the governing equations, and numerical implementation issues based on the finite element method. The theories are presented in a unified framework demonstrating that, despite not being evident in some cases, all of them follow equivalent thermodynamic arguments. A detailed computational analysis is carried out where Taylor–Hood elements are employed in the spatial discretization to satisfy the inf-sup condition and to prevent spurious numerical oscillations. The resulting discrete problems are solved using the FEniCS platform through consistent variational formulations, employing both monolithic and staggered approaches. We conduct benchmark tests on various hydrogel structures, demonstrating that major differences arise from the chosen volumetric response of the hydrogel. The significance of this choice is frequently underestimated in the state-of-the-art literature but has been shown to have substantial implications on the resulting hydrogel behavior.
In Vitro Effects of Boric Acid on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and miRNAs in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells
Authors: Yıldırım Onurcan , Seçme Mücahit , Dodurga Yavuz , Mete Gülçin Abban , Fenkci Semin Melahat
Published: May 2024

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a highly aggressive and chemotherapy-resistant cancer originating from the thyroid’s parafollicular C cells. Due to its resistance to conventional treatments, alternative therapies such as boric acid have been explored. Boric acid, a boron-based compound, has shown anticarcinogenic effects, positioning it as a potential treatment option for MTC. TT medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line (TT cells) and human thyroid fibroblast (HThF cells) were utilized for the cell culture experiments. Cell viability was assessed using the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent for gene expression and microRNA (miRNA) analysis via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The extent of apoptosis induced by boric acid was determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of boric acid on the colony-forming ability of MTC cells. At 48 h, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of boric acid was found to be 35 μM. Treatment with boric acid resulted in significant modulation of apoptosis-related genes and miRNAs, including increased expression of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1(NOXA), apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF-1), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, and caspase-9. In contrast, the expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), B cell lymphoma‐ extra-large (Bcl-xl), and microRNA-21 (miR-21), which are linked to the aggressiveness of MTC, was significantly reduced. The TUNEL assay indicated a 14% apoptosis rate, and there was a 67.9% reduction in colony formation, as shown by the colony formation assay. Our study suggests that boric acid may have anticancer activity in MTC by modulating apoptotic pathways. These findings suggest that boric acid could be a potential therapeutic agent for MTC and possibly for other malignancies with similar pathogenic mechanisms.
Functional Inequalities on Symmetric Spaces of Noncompact Type and Applications
Authors: Kassymov Aidyn , Kumar Vishvesh , Ruzhansky Michael
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to begin a systematic study of functional inequalities on symmetric spaces of noncompact type of higher rank. Our first main goal of this study is to establish the Stein–Weiss inequality, also known as a weighted Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality, for the Riesz potential on symmetric spaces of noncompact type. This is achieved by performing delicate estimates of ground spherical function with the use of polyhedral distance on symmetric spaces and by combining the integral Hardy inequality developed by Ruzhansky and Verma with the sharp Bessel-Green-Riesz kernel estimates on symmetric spaces of noncompact type obtained by Anker and Ji. As a consequence of the Stein–Weiss inequality, we deduce Hardy–Sobolev, Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev, Gagliardo–Nirenberg and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities on symmetric spaces of noncompact type. The second main purpose of this paper is to show the applications of aforementioned inequalities for studying nonlinear PDEs on symmetric spaces. Specifically, we show that the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality can be used to establish small data global existence results for the semilinear wave equations with damping and mass terms for the Laplace–Beltrami operator on symmetric spaces.
Lower anxiety level to perform movements after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with lateral extra-articular tenodesis compared to without lateral extra-articular tenodesis
Authors: Vendrig T. , Keizer M. N. J. , Brouwer R. W. , Houdijk H. , Hoogeslag R. A. G.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the anxiety level to perform movements in patients after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) combined with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) compared to patients after revision ACLR without LET.

Methods

Ninety patients who underwent revision ACLR with ipsilateral bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and with a minimum of 12 months follow-up were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who received revision ACLR in combination with LET (revision ACLR_LET group; mean follow-up: 29.4 months, range: 12–80 months), and patients who received revision ACLR without LET (revision ACLR group; mean follow-up: 61.1 months, range: 22–192 months). All patients filled in a questionnaire about anxiety level related to physical activity and sports, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form (IKDCsubjective), and the Tegner Activity Score.

Results

Patients in the revision ACLR_LET group had a significantly lower anxiety level to perform movements than patients in the revision ACLR group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in KOOS, IKDCsubjective, and Tegner Activity Scores.

Conclusions

Patients who received LET in addition to revision ACLR have a lower anxiety level to perform movements than patients with revision ACLR alone, despite non-different subjective functional outcomes.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study, Level of evidence: III.
Delineation and Classification of Wetlands in the Northern Jarrah Forest, Western Australia Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning
Authors: Turnbull Adam , Soto-Berelov Mariela , Coote Michael
Published: May 2024

Wetlands are under increasing pressure from threatening processes. Efforts to protect and monitor wetlands are hampered without datasets capturing the extent, type, and condition. The purpose of this study is to map the distribution of wetland type, vegetation type and vegetation condition for wetlands in the Northern Jarrah Forest region, Western Australia. A random forest algorithm implemented via Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to classify wetlands and vegetation condition using satellite imagery, topographic indices, and soil mapping. Wetland type was classified using a hierarchical approach incorporating increasing level of detail. Wetland type was mapped as system type from the Interim Australian National Aquatic Ecosystem (ANAE) Classification framework and at hydroperiod level, with overall accuracy of 83% and 82% respectively. Vegetation type was mapped with an accuracy of 78.3%. Mapping of vegetation condition using the Vegetation Assets, States and Transitions (VAST) framework achieved an overall accuracy of 79.6%. Results show that wetlands occur in greater concentration as narrow seasonally waterlogged sites in the west, more sparsely and seasonally inundated sites in the northeast, and as broad seasonally waterlogged sites in the southeast of the study area. Wetland degradation determined through vegetation condition is concentrated in the east, and highest in seasonally waterlogged wetlands. Overall, the wetlands mapping framework implemented in this study can be used by land managers and other interested parties seeking to identify threatened and high conservation value wetlands in other areas.
Analyzing the Functional Interdependence of Verbal Behavior with Multiaxial Radar Charts
Authors: Mason Lee , Otero Maria , Andrews Alonzo
Published: May 2024

The functional analysis of complex verbal behavior requires an evaluation of topographically similar responses under multiple sources of control. Traditional graphical displays of behavior were designed to show the manipulation of isolated controlling variables and may not be amenable to displaying the multidimensional properties of complex behavior. Researchers have recently demonstrated the use of multiaxial radar charts for comparing the functional performance of biological systems. Here we extend the use of multidimensional analyses to compare the relative performance distributions of verbal behavior across four potential controlling variables. First, we provide a conceptual analysis of intraverbal and extraverbal control as continua along which stimuli range from formal to thematic and explain how the intersection of these stimulus fields creates a radar chart for multidimensional analysis. Then we demonstrate how data may be gathered through a verbal operant experimental analysis. We employed repeated measures to map the conditioning history of a child with autism spectrum disorder across 2 years of early intensive behavioral intervention and analyzed the results using shape descriptors for quantitative comparisons. We also compared the polygonal language profiles of children with autism against that of a neurotypical peer. Extending a multidimensional analysis to the field of verbal behavior provides the basis for a language growth chart that researchers and clinicians can use to monitor language acquisition over time. We discuss the use of radar charts as a framework for understanding the interdependence of verbal operants and suggest their use for complex analyses of complex verbal behavior.
The current use of proteomics and metabolomics in glomerulonephritis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Davies Elin , Chetwynd Andrew , McDowell Garry , Rao Anirudh , Oni Louise
Published: May 2024

Background

Glomerulonephritis inherently leads to the development of chronic kidney disease. It is the second most common diagnosis in patients requiring renal replacement therapy in the United Kingdom. Metabolomics and proteomics can characterise, identify and quantify an individual’s protein and metabolite make-up. These techniques have been optimised and can be performed on samples including kidney tissue, blood and urine. Utilising omic techniques in nephrology can uncover disease pathophysiology and transform the diagnostics and treatment options for glomerulonephritis.

Objectives

To evaluate the utility of metabolomics and proteomics using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance in glomerulonephritis.

Methods

The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023442092). Standard and extensive Cochrane search methods were used. The latest search date was March 2023. Participants were of any age with a histological diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. Descriptive analysis was performed, and data presented in tabular form. An area under the curve or p-value was presented for potential biomarkers discovered.

Results

Twenty-seven studies were included (metabolomics (n = 9)), and (proteomics (n = 18)) with 1818 participants. The samples analysed were urine (n = 19) blood (n = 4) and biopsy (n = 6). The typical outcome themes were potential biomarkers, disease phenotype, risk of progression and treatment response.

Conclusion

This review shows the potential of metabolomic and proteomic analysis to discover new disease biomarkers that may influence diagnostics and disease management. Further larger-scale research is required to establish the validity of the study outcomes, including the several proposed biomarkers.

Graphical abstract
Lp-slam: language-perceptive RGB-D SLAM framework exploiting large language model
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Guo Yushi , Niu Liting , Li Peijun , Wan Zeyu , Shao Fei , Nian Cheng , Farrukh Fasih Ud Din , Zhang Debing , Zhang Chun , Li Qiang , Zhang Jianwei
Published: May 2024

With the development of deep learning, a higher level of perception of the environment such as the semantic level can be achieved in the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) domain. However, previous works did not achieve a natural-language level of perception. Therefore, LP-SLAM (Language-Perceptive RGB-D SLAM) is proposed that leverages large language models (LLMs). The texts in the scene can be detected by scene text recognition (STR) and mapped as landmarks with a task-driven selection. A text error correction chain (TECC) is designed with a similarity classification method, a two-stage memory strategy, and a text clustering method. The proposed architecture is designed to deal with the mis-detection and mis-recognition cases of STR and to provide accurate text information to the framework. The proposed framework takes input images and generates a 3D map with sparse point cloud and task-related texts. Finally, a natural user interface (NUI) is designed based on the constructed map and LLM, which gives position instructions based on users’ natural queries. The experimental results validated the proposed TECC design and the overall framework. We publish the virtual dataset with ground truth, as well as the source code for further research. https://github.com/GroupOfLPSLAM/LP_SLAM.
Rethinking Resistance as Relational – Resisting Psychologization in Psychology: Lessons from Carrère’s Between Two Worlds
Authors: Tommasi Francesco , Wolgemuth Jennifer R. , Carey Neil , Koro Mirka , Benozzo Angelo
Published: May 2024

Psychology, and in particular mainstream positive psychology, is fuelled by discourses on resistance strategies, understood as the individual capacity to resist and adapt to negative and oppressive thoughts, circumstances, experiences, and social structures. Thisself-strategyof resistance is evident in positive psychology’s notions of resilience: grit, life-crafting, and job-crafting behaviors, for example. While positive psychology would have us believe these strategies are associated with overcoming hardship and living a good life, they risk imbricating people in their own oppressions. In this paper, we engage in a reading of Carrère’sBetween Two Worlds(original titleOuistreham) (2021),a movie featuring multiple examples of resistance. The movie shows how precarious workers enact self-strategies of resistance to fight for a decent and bearable life. They persevere despite ongoing hardships, seek joy amidst tragic life events, and find meaning in menial labor. However, resistance also appears as relational and political, and thus escapes and exceeds self-focused psychological categories of resistance. Resistance appears as the refusal to be understood solely in individual and individualizing ways – as a psychologized and knowable subject – and is characterized by relational, contextual, and political tactics. The movieprofanesestablished positive psychology’s individualist focus on resistance. This profanation of self-strategies of resistance affords an opportunity to rethink resistance beyond the individual and compels us to problematize the tendency to psychologize and individualize social phenomena. In doing so, our paper too resists the determination of psychological language (i.e., psychologization) and advances ideas for alternative resistances in, to, and of psychology.
Utilization of alkali-treated areca fibers for stabilizing silty sand soil for use in pavement subgrades: Analysis using IITPAVE software
Authors: Balreddy Muttana S. , Sajjan Sanjay S. , Pruthviraja Dayananda , Naganna Sujay Raghavendra
Published: May 2024

The increasing growth of urban areas and the rise in infrastructure development activities have put a strain on the availability of land with desirable soil conditions. This has led to the development of several stabilization techniques that can be used to improve the properties of weaker soils for construction. The research presented here explores the impact of inducing randomly oriented alkali-treated areca fibers for stabilization of silty sand soil. A sequence of experiments was carried out on the soil-fiber mixtures to investigate the strength of the soil after stabilization. At increments of 0.2%, the fiber dose varied between 0 – 0.8% of the dry weight of the soil. The tests conducted includes compaction tests, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests, and unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial tests. The results obtained showed a notable increase in the strength of the soil-fiber mixtures. An increase in fiber content was found to increase the OMC (optimum moisture content) values and decrease the MDD (maximum dry unit weight) values. The maximum strength of the soil-fiber mixture was obtained at 0.6% fiber content. This makes it possible to use silty sand soil subgrades for low-volume roads with a traffic of less than 2 million standard axles based on the IITPAVE analysis. In essence, the test findings indicated that the ideal fiber content to be 0.6%. Stabilization of local on-site soils is one of the sustainable practices that can help extend the life of a pavement and lessen the need for more frequent repairs/maintenance.
Feasibility Analysis of a CubeSat Mission for Space Rider Observation and Docking
Authors: Chilin Laura , Bedendo Martina , Banzi Davide , Casara Riccardo , Costa Giovanni , Dolejsi Elisabetta , Quitadamo Vincenzo , Trabacchin Nicolò , Visconi Delia , Visentin Alessia , Basana Federico , Olivieri Lorenzo , Colombatti Giacomo , Francesconi Alessandro
Published: May 2024

In the last few years, the number of orbiting satellites has increased exponentially, in particular due to the development of the New Space Economy. Even if this phenomenon makes the space more accessible, bringing a great contribution to the scientific, economic and technological fields, on the other hand it contributes to the overpopulation of the space background. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new techniques to manage the space environment, such as in orbit servicing, which is a procedure that aims to refuel and repair satellites to extend their operational life. A first step to reach this goal is to inspect closely the object of interest to study its features. In this framework, the Space Rider Observer Cube (SROC) mission is being developed. SROC is a payload that will be deployed by Space Rider (SR), an uncrewed and reusable robotic spacecraft designed by ESA (European Space Agency). SROC is a 12U CubeSat, whose goal is to carry out inspection manoeuvres around SR, then re-enter on board using a safe docking system to come back to Earth. The feasibility of a mission similar to SROC has been simulated during a university class, starting from the definition of the system requirements with particular focus on the analysis of the payloads and subsystems, to ensure the achievement of the mission goals. In particular, the CubeSat is equipped with an imaging payload to capture high resolution images of Space Rider surface and a docking mechanism. Then, the design of the orbit and the simulation of the effects of the space environment on the CubeSat have been studied using GMAT, SYSTEMA, MATLAB and other numerical tools. The results of the study are useful for future missions, aiming to inspect orbiting objects, such as operative satellites for in orbit servicing, space debris and dead satellites to study their geometries and plan their removal.
Examining the opportunities for digital text production in the Australian Curriculum for the first years of school
Authors: Parker Mitchell , Mantei Jessica , Kervin Lisa
Published: May 2024

Digital technology has long been ubiquitous in many communities within Australia and internationally, thereby requiring suitable digital proficiencies. While a majority of Australian children experience digital literacies as part of their everyday lives, limitations in access disadvantage others. In educational settings, there is a clear need for teachers to incorporate the digital literacies of learners while also working towards addressing inequities by providing rich literacy experiences that bring together print and digital forms of texts. Well-established understandings about the importance of literacy development early in a child’s life support teachers of the first years of school to teach essential digital literacies. In Australian schools, teachers are mandated by a range of documents, including the Australian Curriculum, that provide content for teachers to teach. Situated within a frame of New Literacies theories, this paper reports findings from analyses of the ways these mandated documents may support teachers in the first years of school to design learning experiences that respond to learners’ needs in producing digital texts. We then determine implications for teachers’ responsiveness to these documents. With the recent release of the Australian Curriculum version 9.0, we argue for the pedagogical knowledge that teachers require to implement digital text production experiences within the mandates of the curriculum and, consequently, the professional learning they need for realising the potential of all children’s digital capabilities in their classrooms.
Determination of heavy metals and health risk assessment in drinking water in Jigjiga City, Ethiopia
Authors: Belew Aderaw Anteneh , Besha Abreham Tesfaye , Belete Aychal Arega
Published: May 2024

Water is essential to life on Earth, yet heavy metal concentrations in it can have negative consequences on people's health. This study was designed to measure the levels of seven heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) in the drinking groundwater of Jigjiga City and asses the associated health risk. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes and 7 tap. The levels of the heavy metals were measured using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and Incremental lifetime risk assessment (ILCR) were employed to assess the health risk. The findings showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals range from 7.77 ± 0.7 to 29.13 ± 7.22 mg/L for Fe; 0.06 ± 0.01–2.72 ± 0.29 mg/L for Zn; 0.65 ± 0.04–2.15 ± 0.63 mg/L for Cu; BDL–0.36; BDL–0.45 ± 0.24 mg/L for Pb; BDL–1.43 ± 0.15 mg/L for Cd; 0.01 ± 0–0.05 ± 0 mg/L for Cr and 0.03 ± 0.01–0.01 ± 0 mg/L for Ni. The HQ indices for heavy metals in various sampling sites were Cd > Ni > Cu > Pb > Fe > Cr > Zn for both adults and children. An elevated HQ indices for Cd emphasizing further data gathering is required. The ILCR showed that cadmium was the major risk factor for cancer particularly in children. This study will help both inhabitants and government bodies in tumbling heavy metals pollution of drinking water.
Hot spots, evolutionary trends, and future prospects for the sustainable development of the marine economy in the past 30 years: a comparative bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace
Authors: Zheng Hui , Wang Yong
Published: May 2024

How to assess the quality of sustainable development is an important issue for the marine economy. This study examined studies on sustainable development of marine economy over the past 30 years using core databases from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science. This study introduced bibliometric analysis methods and CiteSpace software to track and comparatively analyze the hotspots of studies from 1994 to 2023. This study showed that (1) the research on sustainable development of the marine economy has achieved extensive results. Researchers have already collaborated with those in China. (2) Hotspots for Chinese research are mainly focused on building an indicator system of marine economy's sustainable development, realizing the path of sustainable development of regional marine economy, and planning the sustainable development goals of specific marine industries. In contrast, other countries focus on protecting marine ecology and identifying the path of sustainable development of the marine industry. (3) Strengthening exchange and cooperation between institutions and scholars from various countries, and further studies on the micro-paths of blue carbon sinks, marine ecological civilization and high-quality development, low-carbon development of marine industries will become new hotspots for research.
Practice and relevance of sports psychiatry in promoting athletes’ mental health in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Tatsuya
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Introduction: This article outlines the important and varied role of sports psychiatrists in Japan and highlights the unique challenges and contributions of sports psychiatry to improving the mental health and performance of athletes. The report emphasizes the need for accurate assessment, diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems in athletes and recognizes the cultural stigmas and pressures specific to competitive sport in Japan. Methods: The paper first reviews the development of sports psychiatry with reference to the founding principles of the International Society for Sports Psychiatry and the Japan Association of Sports Psychiatry. It examines the integration of sport into psychiatric care and vice versa and indicates the value of research in the relationship between exercise and mental well-being. Results: This paper also explores the development of comprehensive diagnostic guidelines, the creation of tailored therapeutic approaches in clinical practice, the promotion of collaborative research to advance the field, and the educational development of psychological specialists. The role of sport psychiatrists in education and public awareness is examined, as well as the importance of destigmatizing mental illness in sport and improving mental health literacy among athletes and their support networks. Conclusion: Overall, this article describes the evolving and multifaceted role of sports psychiatrists in Japan, highlighting their crucial contributions to athlete care, research, education and public awareness. It advocates a flexible and adaptable approach to meeting the ever-changing demands of sports and upholding the mental health needs of athletes.
RNA-binding proteins and exoribonucleases modulating miRNA in cancer: the enemy within
Authors: Seo Yoona , Rhim Jiho , Kim Jong Heon
Published: May 2024

Recent progress in the investigation of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and the miRNA processing machinery has revealed previously unknown roles of posttranscriptional regulation in gene expression. The molecular mechanistic interplay between miRNAs and their regulatory factors, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and exoribonucleases, has been revealed to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-causing hepatitis C virus (HCV) is also characterized by close crosstalk of a multitude of host RBPs and exoribonucleases with miR-122 and its RNA genome, suggesting the importance of the mechanistic interplay among these factors during the proliferation of HCV. This review primarily aims to comprehensively describe the well-established roles and discuss the recently discovered understanding of miRNA regulators, RBPs and exoribonucleases, in relation to various cancers and the proliferation of a representative cancer-causing RNA virus, HCV. These have also opened the door to the emerging potential for treating cancers as well as HCV infection by targeting miRNAs or their respective cellular modulators.
A case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in retroviral gene therapy for ADA-SCID
Authors: Cesana Daniela , Cicalese Maria Pia , Calabria Andrea , Merli Pietro , Caruso Roberta , Volpin Monica , Rudilosso Laura , Migliavacca Maddalena , Barzaghi Federica , Fossati Claudia , Gazzo Francesco , Pizzi Simone , Ciolfi Andrea , Bruselles Alessandro , Tucci Francesca , Spinozzi Giulio , Pais Giulia , Benedicenti Fabrizio , Barcella Matteo , Merelli Ivan , Gallina Pierangela , Giannelli Stefania , Dionisio Francesca , Scala Serena , Casiraghi Miriam , Strocchio Luisa , Vinti Luciana , Pacillo Lucia , Draghi Eleonora , Cesana Marcella , Riccardo Sara , Colantuono Chiara , Six Emmanuelle , Cavazzana Marina , Carlucci Filippo , Schmidt Manfred , Cancrini Caterina , Ciceri Fabio , Vago Luca , Cacchiarelli Davide , Gentner Bernhard , Naldini Luigi , Tartaglia Marco , Montini Eugenio , Locatelli Franco , Aiuti Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (GT) using a γ-retroviral vector (γ-RV) is an effective treatment for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency due to Adenosine Deaminase deficiency. Here, we describe a case of GT-related T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) that developed 4.7 years after treatment. The patient underwent chemotherapy and haploidentical transplantation and is currently in remission. Blast cells contain a single vector insertion activating the LIM-only protein 2 (LMO2) proto-oncogene, confirmed by physical interaction, and low Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity resulting from methylation of viral promoter. The insertion is detected years before T-ALL in multiple lineages, suggesting that further hits occurred in a thymic progenitor. Blast cells contain known and novel somatic mutations as well as germline mutations which may have contributed to transformation. Before T-ALL onset, the insertion profile is similar to those of other ADA-deficient patients. The limited incidence of vector-related adverse events in ADA-deficiency compared to other γ-RV GT trials could be explained by differences in transgenes, background disease and patient’s specific factors.
Concomitant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening for elimination of HPV and cervical cancer
Authors: Arroyo Mühr Laila Sara , Gini Andrea , Yilmaz Emel , Hassan Sadaf S. , Lagheden Camilla , Hultin Emilie , Garcia Serrano Ainhoa , Ure Agustin E. , Andersson Helena , Merino Roxana , Elfström K. Miriam , Baussano Iacopo , Dillner Joakim
Published: May 2024

HPV vaccination with concomitant HPV-based screening of young women has been proposed for faster cervical cancer elimination. We describe the baseline results of a population-based trial of this strategy to reduce the incidence of HPV. All 89,547 women born 1994-1999 and resident in the capital region of Sweden were personally invited to concomitant HPV vaccination and HPV screening with 26,125 women (29.2%) enrolled between 2021-05-03 and 2022-12-31. Baseline HPV genotyping of cervical samples from the study participants finds, compared to pre-vaccination prevalences, a strong decline of HPV16 and 18 in birth cohorts previously offered vaccination, some decline for cross-protected HPV types but no decline for HPV types not targeted by vaccines. Our dynamic transmission modelling predicts that the trial could reduce the incidence of high-risk HPV infections among the 1994-1998 cohorts by 62-64% in 3 years. Baseline results are prevalences of HPV infection, validated transmission model projections, and power estimates for evaluating HPV incidence reductions at follow-up (+/−0.1% with 99.9% confidence). In conclusion, concomitant HPV vaccination and HPV screening appears to be a realistic option for faster cervical cancer elimination. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04910802; EudraCT number: 2020-001169-34.
Large-language models facilitate discovery of the molecular signatures regulating sleep and activity
Authors: Peng Di , Zheng Liubin , Liu Dan , Han Cheng , Wang Xin , Yang Yan , Song Li , Zhao Miaoying , Wei Yanfeng , Li Jiayi , Ye Xiaoxue , Wei Yuxiang , Feng Zihao , Huang Xinhe , Chen Miaomiao , Gou Yujie , Xue Yu , Zhang Luoying
Published: May 2024

Sleep, locomotor and social activities are essential animal behaviors, but their reciprocal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we elicit information from a cutting-edge large-language model (LLM), generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) 3.5, which interprets 10.2–13.8% of Drosophila genes known to regulate the 3 behaviors. We develop an instrument for simultaneous video tracking of multiple moving objects, and conduct a genome-wide screen. We have identified 758 fly genes that regulate sleep and activities, including mre11 which regulates sleep only in the presence of conspecifics, and NELF-B which regulates sleep regardless of whether conspecifics are present. Based on LLM-reasoning, an educated signal web is modeled for understanding of potential relationships between its components, presenting comprehensive molecular signatures that control sleep, locomotor and social activities. This LLM-aided strategy may also be helpful for addressing other complex scientific questions.
Fn-OMV potentiates ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis triggered by oncolytic HSV-1 to fuel antitumor immunity
Authors: Wang Shuo , Song An , Xie Jun , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Wen-Da , Zhang Meng-Jie , Wu Zhi-Zhong , Yang Qi-Chao , Li Hao , Zhang Junjie , Sun Zhi-Jun
Published: May 2024

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise as a cancer treatment by selectively replicating in tumor cells and promoting antitumor immunity. However, the current immunogenicity induced by OVs for tumor treatment is relatively weak, necessitating a thorough investigation of the mechanisms underlying its induction of antitumor immunity. Here, we show that HSV-1-based OVs (oHSVs) trigger ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis (a unique innate immune inflammatory cell death modality), resulting in augmented antitumor immune effects. Mechanistically, oHSV enhances the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, leading to the accumulation of endogenous Z-RNA and subsequent activation of ZBP1. To further enhance the antitumor potential of oHSV, we conduct a screening and identify Fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane vesicle (Fn-OMV) that can increase the expression of PANoptosis execution proteins. The combination of Fn-OMV and oHSV demonstrates potent antitumor immunogenicity. Taken together, our study provides a deeper understanding of oHSV-induced antitumor immunity, and demonstrates a promising strategy that combines oHSV with Fn-OMV.
Spatially correlated classical and quantum noise in driven qubits
Authors: Zou Ji , Bosco Stefano , Loss Daniel
Published: May 2024

Correlated noise across multiple qubits poses a significant challenge for achieving scalable and fault-tolerant quantum processors. Despite recent experimental efforts to quantify this noise in various qubit architectures, a comprehensive understanding of its role in qubit dynamics remains elusive. Here, we present an analytical study of the dynamics of driven qubits under spatially correlated noise, including both Markovian and non-Markovian noise. Surprisingly, we find that by operating the qubit system at low temperatures, where correlated quantum noise plays an important role, significant long-lived entanglement between qubits can be generated. Importantly, this generation process can be controlled on-demand by turning the qubit driving on and off. On the other hand, we demonstrate that by operating the system at a higher temperature, the crosstalk between qubits induced by the correlated noise is unexpectedly suppressed. We finally reveal the impact of spatio-temporally correlated 1/fnoise on the decoherence rate, and how its temporal correlations restore lost entanglement. Our findings provide critical insights into not only suppressing crosstalk between qubits caused by correlated noise but also in effectively leveraging such noise as a beneficial resource for controlled entanglement generation.
Paternal microbiome perturbations impact offspring fitness
Authors: Argaw-Denboba Ayele , Schmidt Thomas S. B. , Di Giacomo Monica , Ranjan Bobby , Devendran Saravanan , Mastrorilli Eleonora , Lloyd Catrin T. , Pugliese Danilo , Paribeni Violetta , Dabin Juliette , Pisaniello Alessandra , Espinola Sergio , Crevenna Alvaro , Ghosh Subhanita , Humphreys Neil , Boruc Olga , Sarkies Peter , Zimmermann Michael , Bork Peer , Hackett Jamie A.
Published: May 2024

The gut microbiota operates at the interface of host–environment interactions to influence human homoeostasis and metabolic networks1–4. Environmental factors that unbalance gut microbial ecosystems can therefore shape physiological and disease-associated responses across somatic tissues5–9. However, the systemic impact of the gut microbiome on the germline—and consequently on the F1 offspring it gives rise to—is unexplored10. Here we show that the gut microbiota act as a key interface between paternal preconception environment and intergenerational health in mice. Perturbations to the gut microbiota of prospective fathers increase the probability of their offspring presenting with low birth weight, severe growth restriction and premature mortality. Transmission of disease risk occurs via the germline and is provoked by pervasive gut microbiome perturbations, including non-absorbable antibiotics or osmotic laxatives, but is rescued by restoring the paternal microbiota before conception. This effect is linked with a dynamic response to induced dysbiosis in the male reproductive system, including impaired leptin signalling, altered testicular metabolite profiles and remapped small RNA payloads in sperm. As a result, dysbiotic fathers trigger an elevated risk of in utero placental insufficiency, revealing a placental origin of mammalian intergenerational effects. Our study defines a regulatory ‘gut–germline axis’ in males, which is sensitive to environmental exposures and programmes offspring fitness through impacting placenta function.
Genomes of multicellular algal sisters to land plants illuminate signaling network evolution
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Zheng Jinfang , Irisarri Iker , Yu Huihui , Zheng Bo , Ali Zahin , de Vries Sophie , Keller Jean , Fürst-Jansen Janine M. R. , Dadras Armin , Zegers Jaccoline M. S. , Rieseberg Tim P. , Dhabalia Ashok Amra , Darienko Tatyana , Bierenbroodspot Maaike J. , Gramzow Lydia , Petroll Romy , Haas Fabian B. , Fernandez-Pozo Noe , Nousias Orestis , Li Tang , Fitzek Elisabeth , Grayburn W. Scott , Rittmeier Nina , Permann Charlotte , Rümpler Florian , Archibald John M. , Theißen Günter , Mower Jeffrey P. , Lorenz Maike , Buschmann Henrik , von Schwartzenberg Klaus , Boston Lori , Hayes Richard D. , Daum Chris , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Wang Xiyin , Li Fay-Wei , Rensing Stefan A. , Ben Ari Julius , Keren Noa , Mosquna Assaf , Holzinger Andreas , Delaux Pierre-Marc , Zhang Chi , Huang Jinling , Mutwil Marek , de Vries Jan , Yin Yanbin
Published: May 2024

Zygnematophyceae are the algal sisters of land plants. Here we sequenced four genomes of filamentous Zygnematophyceae, including chromosome-scale assemblies for three strains of Zygnema circumcarinatum. We inferred traits in the ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and land plants that might have ushered in the conquest of land by plants: expanded genes for signaling cascades, environmental response, and multicellular growth. Zygnematophyceae and land plants share all the major enzymes for cell wall synthesis and remodifications, and gene gains shaped this toolkit. Co-expression network analyses uncover gene cohorts that unite environmental signaling with multicellular developmental programs. Our data shed light on a molecular chassis that balances environmental response and growth modulation across more than 600 million years of streptophyte evolution.
Author Correction: Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: the REPLICA project
Authors: Emma Rosalia , Fuochi Virginia , Distefano Alfio , Partsinevelos Konstantinos , Rust Sonja , Zadjali Fahad , Al Tobi Mohammed , Zadjali Razan , Alharthi Zaina , Pulvirenti Roberta , Furneri Pio Maria , Polosa Riccardo , Sun Ang , Caruso Massimo , Li Volti Giovanni ,   the Replica Project Group, Li Volti Giovanni , Caruso Massimo , Emma Rosalia , Giordano Antonio , Sun Ang , Volarevic Vladislav , Lesmana Ronny , Poulas Konstantinos , Distefano Alfio , Partsinevelos Konstantinos , Pulvirenti Roberta , Costa Aurora , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Barliana Melisa I. , Mesiakaris Konstantinos , Albalushi Najwa , Giardina Chiara , Furnari Salvatore
Published: May 2024

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.