bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Transfer for Economic Development: Online Farmer Traning in Vojvodina
Authors:   Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bálint Juhász , Lengyel László ,   Branch Office of Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Published: October 2021

During the five-year period of the Vojvodina Economic Development Program implementation, €350 million has been invested in the target area. The aim of the present research is to review the process and achievements of farmer training and to introduce a model of successful knowledge transfer. The success of online farmer training was analyzed using statistical methods. A general model introducing a concrete practice example was developed using structural analysis and modeling. As a result of the research, we point out that improving the level of knowledge of farmers through training is a key issue in the operation of successful integration systems, in the production of crops of the right quality and quantity. Due to the fact that the design was made to be user-friendly, and requires a low-level technical equipment and IT skills, the knowledge base is equally accessible to farmers regardless of age, education and place of residence. The program expands the level of knowledge and digital competencies of the farmers, and provides useful information for further developments. The flowchart presented in the article is a suitable tool to increase the efficiency of the training today and can serve as a reference for other institutions engaged in similar activities.
Integral Assessment of Efficiency of Regional Housing Policy of Urban Districts in Conditions of Digitalization
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kalinina Alla , Korostin Sergey ,   Volgograd State University
Published: October 2021

Traditionally, an assessment of efficiency of regional housing policy is based on studies of housing construction sector, housing market, investment attractiveness, migration of economically active population and others. But the current stage of urbanization in Russia is accelerated by digitalization and smart technologies in cities, which makes a new type of housing policy assessment necessary. The article presents a four-level methodology for assessing the efficiency of regional housing policy, which evaluates the regional social and economic policy in the construction industry for urban districts with the population over 100,000 citizens in conditions of digitalization. The methodological basis for calculating the integral indicator of housing policy efficiency is presented and visualized in vectors. The author’s methodology is based on the methodological approach of S.A. Ayvazyan and the methodology of the urban digitalization index “IQ of Cities”, which was created by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation in cooperation with Lomonosov Moscow State University. In the process of calculation the final integral indicator of efficiency of housing policy the authors use three equivalent integrated indicators of the 2nd level, such as economic, housing and digital indicators. The paper presents 10 indices for each integral indicator of the 3rd level and explains their economic meaning. The calculation of these indicators is carried out by means of the basic indicators of the 4th level on the basis of official statistics. The study presents the results of testing the authors’ methodological approach, which was made on the basis of official regional statistics. In the process of testing different cities from all federal districts of the Russian Federation were selected, so their results had a large spread. The purpose of such selection was to demonstrate the efficiency of the model and its suitability for the federal and regional authorities as a tool for planning and control.
Capital Facilities Construction As a Result of Proactive Measures of National Projects (The Case of the Southern Federal District)
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mitrofanova Inna , Yurchenko Karine ,   Volgograd State University
Published: October 2021

The article examines the role of capital facilities in the course of implementation of national, federal and regional projects, assesses the significance of the construction of corresponding facilities for achieving the goals and indicators, studies the relationship between these constructions and individual social and economic indicators of administrative territorial units, as well as elements of regional projects. Open data from the unified portal of budgetary system of the Russian Federation, information on government contracts for the construction of capital facilities taken from the unified information system in the field of procurement and official statistics were used for the study. Due to the peculiarities of capital facilities (cost, scale, long period of operation), they have a direct and most tangible impact on the achievement of key goals, objectives and indicators set by regional projects, and are also highly valuable for citizens, what leads to long-term multiplicative social and economic effects. The authors analyzed the distribution of capital facilities by federal districts, as well as the regions of the Russian Federation within the Southern Federal District. The structure of capital facilities in the context of national projects was studied, and conclusions were made about a loose correlation between the indicators of the number of capital facilities and the volume of financial support for the corresponding regional projects due to significant differences in the cost of capital facilities, depending on the area under consideration. Some of the capital facilities planned for construction under regional projects, including the most expensive ones, are given, with special attention paid to capital facilities in the regions of southern Russia. A direct relationship between the number of capital facilities planned for construction and the population of the corresponding territory was established, which confirms the conclusion about the high social and economic significance of capital facilities and their potential to achieve the set strategic goals and development tasks of the country and its regions.
The Development of Old Industrial Regions of the Southern Federal District Under the Economy Digitalization: The Role of the Digital B2B Trade
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Inshakova Elena
Published: October 2021

The article substantiates the significance of technological (digital) modernization of enterprises in the old industrial regions of Russia that involves all stages of the production process organization, in order to give impetus to their development during transition to the new technological order. Such a transition should be performed taking into account the imperative of resolving the contradictions between traditional and innovative factors in the development of regional economies of this type, characterized by the susceptibility to innovations reproducing the imbalance of regional development. The analysis of indicators of the industrial sector development, the formation of the digital economy infrastructure and the innovative activity of enterprises in the Volgograd and Rostov regions made it possible to argue the interconnection between the low susceptibility to innovations and the insufficient degree of diversification and science intensity of manufactured products, the emergence of distortions in the regional exports’ structure. The use of the digital technology (as “general purpose technology”) is considered as an effective way to activate all factors in the development of all sectors of the economy of old industrial regions in Russia and provide a significant contribution to solving priority tasks of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 and their modernization in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. The author substantiates the necessity of the accelerated formation of the digital trade infrastructure in the B2B segment, including the increase in the number of domestic B2B marketplaces (specialized and universal ones) to enhance the business entities participation in domestic and foreign trade and reduce the level of differentiation of these regions’ technological and socio-economic development.
Regional Drivers of Digital Ecosystems’ Development of Industrial Enterprises
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Nikitaeva Anastasia , Serdyukov Roman ,   Southern Federal University, Fedosova Margarita ,   Southern Federal University
Published: October 2021

The key characteristics and technologies of the new industrial revolution create conditions for the emergence of new business models that implement not individual, but ecosystem-based development of industrial enterprises based on common digital platforms. Digital ecosystems of industrial enterprises are considered in the study as interdependent groups of economic actors that share digital platforms to achieve mutually beneficial goals. These business models characterize a new evolutionary stage in the development of industrial enterprises and reflect the transition from a linear to a multidimensional and distributed value chain involving partners, suppliers, consumers, and other participants. The paper highlights the effects generated as a result of the appearance of ecosystems in the industrial sphere for ecosystem centers (platform owners), participants, consumers of digital industrial ecosystems, as well as the regional economy. Based on the empirical analysis of the activities of industrial enterprises in the regions of the South of Russia, the “traces” of the digital ecosystem were found in several southern industrial enterprises. The study showed that among the enterprises under analysis, only two have a business model built following the principles of the ecosystem approach, and most industrial structures in the South of Russia tried combining technology and business processes into a joint information loop. It is proved that at present moment the company’s information circuit should cover not only employees of departments, equipment, and data but also customers, suppliers, and partners, combining them into a joint network, due to which the business becomes more adaptive. Taking this fact into consideration, a set of drivers and conditions for the ecosystem digital transformation of industrial enterprises is identified. Special attention is paid to regional drivers that allow developing a favorable environment for the emergence of digital ecosystems. It is shown that the core role in the number of activators of the formation of ecosystems in the industrial sphere is played by economic motivation.
EL PAPEL DE LAS PRÁCTICAS COMUNICATIVAS EN EL DESEMPEÑO DE LOS EMPLEADOS EN LOS ENTES DEPORTIVOS MUNICIPALES DEL VALLE DE ABURRÁ EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTIOQUIA
Authors: García-Ramírez Ramón Antonio , Orozco-González Andrés
Published: October 2021

De acuerdo con la Ley 181 (Ley del Deporte) de Colombia, en cada ciudad o municipio del país debe existir una organización estatal, la que se denomina Secretaría de Deportes o Instituto de Deportes municipal. Esta entidad tiene la función de orientar la actividad deportiva y recreativa en su territorio, para la cual deberá vincular entrenadores, instructores, educadores físicos y empleados que apoyen la gestión y la relación permanente con la comunidad. Estas personas realizan actividades administrativas, profesionales, logísticas y de gestión en su organización, para lograr establecer comunicación permanente a través de diferentes medios y prácticas, las mismas que inciden positiva o negativamente en la marcha del ente deportivo. La investigación propone establecer cuál es el papel de estas prácticas comunicativas en el desempeño de los empleados en los entes deportivos municipales del Valle de Aburrá en el departamento de Antioquia, entendiendo que las diez localidades de la zona tienen entes grandes con un personal técnico y administrativo numeroso, que bien pudiera coadyuvar o perjudicar la marcha de estas organizaciones, de acuerdo con la actividad comunicacional que desarrollen.
IMPORTANCIA DE LAS HABILIDADES BLANDAS PARA LA EMPLEABILIDAD Y SOSTENIBILIDAD DEL PERSONAL EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES
Authors: González-Molina María Gloria , Enciso-Galindo Brenda Valentina , Arciniegas-Hurtado Luis Felipe , Tovar-Arévalo Paula Andrea , Bonza-Forero Paula Ivette , Arévalo-Peña Lina Paola Yiseth
Published: October 2021

El desarrollo y la implementación de las habilidades blandas está tomando cada vez mayor importancia para las organizaciones y se han convertido en uno de los aspectos indispensables para el crecimiento, el fortalecimiento y el éxito de las empresas, porque actualmente estas han logrado reconocer y comprender el valor que tiene su capital humano. El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar la importancia de las habilidades blandas para la empleabilidad y sostenibilidad del personal en las empresas, y como se alcanza el correcto aprovechamiento de estas habilidades a través del trabajo conjunto realizado en el proceso educativo, el ámbito laboral y la formación personal de cada colaborador. Este artículo se desarrolla por medio de una revisión científica de literatura en las bases de datos como lo son Scopus, Google Académico, Science Direct y Jstor que permitieron identificar la importancia e influencia de las habilidades blandas con respecto a la empleabilidad y la sostenibilidad por medio de estudios o investigaciones, en los cuales se logra evidenciar que tanto empleados como empleadores cada día son más conscientes de la importancia de estas habilidades y como contribuyen a su crecimiento tanto personal como organizacional. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan que las habilidades blandas se han convertido en una herramienta fundamental para los colaboradores y para las empresas porque con ellas se logra formar un personal íntegro que evolucione y se adapte a las necesidades de las organizaciones y el mercado cambiante. Pero es indispensable que las personas, las instituciones educativas y en las organizaciones trabajen conjuntamente en un proceso continuo para lograr un eficaz desarrollo, implementación, aprovechamiento y fortalecimiento de las habilidades blandas del personal y de la organización.
DISEÑO AMBIENTAL SMART: UNA PLATAFORMA DE ATRACCIÓN SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Ibáñez-Gaona Daniel Alejandro , Ibrahim Ismael Abed El Karim , Montoya-Niño Andrés Steven , Papagayo-Herrera Rubén Darío , Ortegón-Cortázar Leonardo
Published: October 2021

El constructo Smart se menciona para guiar la gestión y esfuerzos de entornos geográficos orientados a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas, logrando ser de interés de diversos entornos debido a beneficios perceptuales como la atracción y permanencia en estos. Se encuentra que las universidades en su rol de innovación lo han extrapolado y han podido implementar en su infraestructura tanto estética como estratégica el constructo Smart, y a pesar de volverse un fenómeno en tendencia, no se ha logrado documentar con la amplitud que el constructo merece. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de la investigación consistió en analizar la percepción de atracción que poseen los entornos universitarios a partir del cumplimiento del diseño ambiental Smart, basados en tres componentes: ambientes de naturaleza, servicios de tecnología, y prácticas sostenibles aplicado a la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana en Bogotá. Se demostró por medio de una metodología de investigación mixta (método cualitativo y cuantitativo), la percepción de cada componente Smart del entorno universitario, extendiendo el dominio teórico del constructo y ofreciendo hallazgos que amplían la comprensión de implementar los diseños ambientales dentro de la infraestructura del entorno mismo y sus implicaciones para la atracción y retención de comunidad universitaria.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y PRÁCTICA DE SCRUM EN LA ASIGNATURA DE FORMULACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE PROYECTOS EN LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y ADMINISTRATIVAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD EL BOSQUE
Authors: Ballesteros Quintero Lily
Published: October 2021

En los últimos años, la metodología ágil ha venido revolucionando el mundo de los proyectos (Rigby et al., 2016), y es cada vez más usada por diferentes industrias a nivel mundial (KPMG, 2019). Uno de los marcos más adoptados dentro de esta metodología es Scrum (Kapitsaki & Christou, 2014). Con Scrum se busca tratar los proyectos de manera iterativa y adaptativa, brindándole flexibilidad a la toma de decisiones durante el desarrollo de los proyectos. En este estudio de caso, se realiza un análisis de la implementación y el desarrollo de proyectos con Scrum en una facultad de ciencias económicas y administrativas, donde estudiantes de dos carreras afines (administración de empresas y negocios internacionales) aprenderán y desarrollarán sus proyectos bajo Scrum. Este ejercicio se ejecutará durante tres sprints de dos semanas, en los cuales los participantes realizan todos los eventos y entregan un producto terminado. Se encontró que los estudiantes lograron desarrollar sus proyectos de manera óptima, junto con una mejora en su forma de trabajar en equipo. Para los estudiantes, Scrum se convierte en una nueva forma de desarrollar sus proyectos e incursionar en el mundo laboral. Finalmente, se logra una implementación satisfactoria que indica la importancia del aprendizaje de Scrum en facultades de negocios.
PRAXIS EDUCATIVA POR DOCENTES UNIVERSITARIOS PARA UN APRENDIZAJE SIGNIFICATIVO
Authors: Valles Montero Karelis del Carmen , Valles de Rojas Mary Estela , Torres de Nava Luisenny Marianth , Del Valle Giraldoth Débora
Published: October 2021

El propósito general del presente estudio se orienta a considerar las estrategias de la praxis educativa universitaria, utilizadas por los docentes, en miras de fortalecer el aprendizaje significativo. De igual manera, esta investigación está enmarcada bajo el enfoque cualitativo, de forma amplia naturalista de campo, descriptiva, permitiendo la interpretación, con un método de tipo etnográfico. Para ello se emplearon guías de observación, cuaderno de campo y entrevistas aplicadas a los profesores y estudiantes de educación universitaria. La información que emergió deja en evidencia que es preciso que todo el personal docente en su pleno ejercicio maneje y haga uso de todas las herramientas pedagógicas habidas y por haber dentro del plano educativo para favorecer y lograr con éxito un aprendizaje significativo en los educandos, por lo que todos los docentes deben estar prestos a incorporar y manejar nuevas alternativas y estrategias metodológicas que le permitan logran el objetivo planteado, fortaleciendo tanto la praxis educativa como el aprendizaje significativo.
EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA Y MEDIA DURANTE EL AISLAMIENTO SOCIAL EN LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Arias-Velandia Nicolás , Rincón-Báez William Umar
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el efecto de las medidas gubernamentales de aislamiento social para enfrentar la pandemia de COVID-19, sobre la realización del derecho a la educación en educación formal básica y media en Colombia y en Bogotá.

MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de literatura de quince estudios que examinaron diferentes aspectos del derecho a la educación durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020 y 2021, y un análisis descriptivo de datos de fuentes secundarias en aspectos relacionados con el derecho a la educación en la Encuesta Pulso Social del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE (para varias ciudades colombianas capitales de departamentos), y en el estudio “Educación en Bogotá y Covid-19”, de la Fundación para el Progreso de la Región Capital, PROBOGOTÁ, y la Escuela de Gobierno de la Universidad de Los Andes.

RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: en los hogares vulnerables fue constante la interrupción de la continuidad de la educación por falta de acceso a recursos tecnológicos. En ocasiones hubo desajustes de expectativas entre actores en las escuelas y padres de familia, que demandan mayor apoyo de las autoridades educativas. Se logró continuar la educación formal, pero se demanda mayor preparación tecnológica, pedagógica y de soporte emocional para los profesores, y un nuevo rol y responsabilidad en el soporte del hogar a niños y adolescentes en sus estudios.

CONCLUSIONES: la mayor afectación de falta de recursos tecnológicos y de apoyo familiar apropiado a estudiantes de contextos vulnerables o de bajos recursos, y el esfuerzo de sus profesores por mantener la actividad educativa, muestran la necesidad de apoyar administrativamente más su preparación y desarrollo de actividades en educación remota y en futuros escenarios de alternancia. Esto debe ser asesorado por centros de formación de educadores y de equipos de investigación interdisciplinarios sobre el hogar, la infancia y la adolescencia.
Both German and Russian: Second-Generation Russian-German Identities in Germany
Authors: Hoops Maik , Panagiotidis Jannis
Published: October 2021

This essay presents the results of a qualitative interview study with young people of Russian-German origin born in Germany, i. e., the descendants of resettlers (Spätaussiedler) from the successor states of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Using poststructuralist theories that understand the linguistic practices and discursive attribution of social categories as modes of constituting subjectivity and corresponding identities, this study focuses on processes of natio-ethnocultural identity formation among the second generation of Spätaussiedler and their experiences of being externally ascribed to certain natio-ethnocultural categories. In the existing literature, this topic has been extensively addressed with regard to the first generation of Spätaussiedler, but not the second generation, whose conditions for identity formation in Germany are quite different due to their relative inconspicuousness, i. e., the invisibility of their migration background. For the first generation of Spätaussiedler, the dual exclusion as German in Russia and Russian in Germany was the cause of a persistent identity uncertainty, especially given that the labeling as “Russian” by supposed fellow Germans was perceived as a hurtful mis-ascription. The second generation, in contrast, is not subject to this dual exclusion. Surrounding society generally perceives them as German, thus reinforcing their corresponding self-identification as German. At the same time, there is a limited but positive identification with the category of Russian as well, which is less often activated by external ascriptions and rather fed by the presence of customs in the family context that are perceived as Russian. Members of the second generation are thus able to identify satisfactorily as both “German” and “Russian”. For this generation, the evasive intermediate category “Russian-German” therefore becomes obsolete as a source of identification, while it served and still serves as a first-generation strategy for coping with dual exclusion and the resulting inability to identify as either German or Russian. At the same time, a semantic emptying and a conflation of the category “Russian-German” with the category “Russian” takes place, which results from the second generation never having perceived its own cultural otherness both as non-Russian (before migration) and non-German (after migration), but only as Russian in Germany.
An Unknown Work about Boris Godunov from the Post-Petrine Era
Authors: Kozliakov Viacheslav , Sevastyanova Alla
Published: October 2021

This article examines a new early manuscript containing two works by an unknown compiler in the 1730s: the story of the “tyrant Ivan the Terrible” and Boris Godunov “greedy” for autocratic power. The manuscript is kept in the State Archives of Ryazan Region as part of the collection of the Ryazan Provincial Scientific Archival Commission. The study demonstrates that its brief archaeographic description was given in 1892 by Aleksey Vasilyevich Selivanov, one of the founders of the archival commission in Ryazan. Relying on watermarks, he dates the collection to about 1727; in 2001, the manuscript was described anew in a review of the manuscript collection of the State Archives of Ryazan Region. The authors analyse the part of the manuscript collection containing an essay about Boris Godunov; this essay has not been introduced into scholarly circulation previously. The article reveals the compiler’s sources, which turn out to be translations of notes taken by foreigners about Russia between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, more particularly the works of Jerome Horsey, Jacob Ulfeldt, Adam Olearius, and some others. Also, the authors single out a whole series of parallel pieces of news from Jerome Horsey’s notes in a little-known version of the publication in Old German about Tsar Boris’ character. The authors focus on which notes would have been available to the alleged compiler of the collection in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The article contains data revealing the provenance of the work. Additionally, an assumption is made about the possible author of the published source, who was probably related to the circle of victims in the case of Artemy Volynsky. Finally, the appendix to the article contains the previously unpublished text of the manuscript about Boris Godunov.
The Transfer of Power in Post-Petrine Russia: The Fate of Empress Anna’s Throne
Authors: Anisimov Evgeny
Published: October 2021

This paper publishes a previously unknown historical source, a note supposedly written by A. I. Osterman, a major political figure in the reign of Empress Anna. The note is devoted to the search for a matrimonial match with a foreign prince for Anna Leopoldovna, the empress’ niece and potentially mother of the future heir. The note testifies to its author’s deep knowledge of the foreign policy situation and dynastic ties in Western Europe and ability to outline the most rational and useful vector for Russia’s dynastic policy. Having carefully analysed the foreign policy and dynastic situation in Germany, the note’s author is inclined to count on Prussia’s help in choosing a match for Anna Leopoldovna, either from the Prussian House of Hohenzollern or from the House of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
General Henning’s Yekaterinburg: An Attempt at Reading the “Urban Text”
Authors: Redin Dmitry
Published: October 2021

The author of this article attempts a semiotic interpretation of the features of the architectural and planning system of early Yekaterinburg (1723–1734). The method is based on an improvisation on Michel de Certeau’s ideas about the city as a complex text, which results from the simultaneous and inconsistent creativity of its founders and administrators on the one hand and ordinary people on the other. Another source for the author’s improvisation is the ideas of some representatives of the French school of genetic criticism, more particularly, the concepts of avant-text and text. From these positions, the author considers the activity of V. I. Henning (Rus. transcription: Gennin), the founder and first head of Yekaterinburg and a general in Russian service. The main milestones of his career, the accumulation of experience as an engineer and administrator, and the formation of a worldview before his Ural period are evaluated as work on the avant-text, while Yekaterinburg becomes the actual text. The author proves that Yekaterinburg was created by Henning not just as a large mining and metallurgical enterprise. General Henning’s Yekaterinburg appears as a manifesto city, a material text that embodies the aesthetics of the Baroque and the postulates of cameralism in its layout and execution. The city became a symbol of Petrine empire building on the border with Russia’s Asian possessions.
Solving System of Integro-Differential Equations using a New Hybrid Semi-Analytical Method
Authors: Toma George Albert , Alturky Shaza
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a new hybrid method that combines Kharrat-Toma transform technique with the homotopy perturbation method for the solutions of linear and nonlinear initial value problems represented by integro-differential equations systems with initial conditions. Where, the advantages
of this hybrid approach are rapid convergence to an approximate or exact solution, reduces the computational steps and integrals which making it a highly efficient and applicable method compared with the classical methods. Therefore, this proposed new hybrid approach (Kharrat-Toma transform
and homotopy perturbation method) can be apply to find the analytical solutions of integro-differential equations systems arising in many applications. To show the accuracy and effectiveness of the presented technique several examples are introduced.
The Assessment of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Adsorption and Spatial Biomass Distribution Mapping in the Reservoir of Hinboun Hydropower Project
Authors: Phoummixay S. , Mallik Biswadip Basu , Khampasith T. , Somchay V. , Phouphavanh K. , Sengkeo P. , Sivakone S.
Published: October 2021

Geographical Information System (GIS) is an excellent tool to be employed with computer control system and play very significant role for database management, storing, capture, mapping and data analysis which includes vector and raster data. This study is mainly to focus on: (i) to
study on the tree volumes, carbon storages and analyze the adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2), (ii) to estimate the existing biomass within the reservoir and (iii) to create the spatial biomass distribution maps. Consequently, the distribution maps are described and indicated in
low to high biomass density within the study area. Hence, this study has found that: there are 10,365.3 m3 of the total volume, 421.423 kg of total Carbone storage, 1,542.41 kg of total CO2 absorption and 36,346.48 tons of total Biomass within the study area.
Türkiye Ekonomisinde Phillips Eğrisinin Geçerliliğinin Analizi
Authors: YILDIRIM Selim , SARI Sacit
Published: October 2021

Ekonomik birimler üzerindeki doğrudan etkisinden dolayı enflasyon oranı ve işsizlik oranı ekonomideki temel değişkenlerdir. Bu sebeple ekonomi politikaları oluşturulurken bu iki değişkene son derece büyük önem verilmekte; özellikle siyasi vaatlerinin en büyük kısmını enflasyon ve işsizlik rakamları üzerine kurgulamaktadırlar. Hal böyleyken iktisatçılar da uzun zamandır enflasyonla işsizlik arasındaki ilişki üzerine yoğunlaşarak bu iki değişken arasında bir ilişkisi olup olmadığı konusunda çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma kapsamında enflasyon oranı ile işsizlik oranı arasındaki ilişki Türkiye ekonomisi için 2005:01 ile 2020:08 arası aylık verilerle sınanmıştır. İlgili değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin bir politika aracı olarak kullanılması olgusu Phillips eğrisi hipotezi bağlamında değerlendirildiğinde hipotezin Türkiye ekonomisi için geçerliliği sınanmıştır. İlgili değişkenlerin birim kök içerip içermedikleri geleneksel birim kök testleri olan ADF ve Phillips Perron testleriyle ve serilerde yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan Fourier KPSS birim kök testiyle sınanmıştır. Birim kök testi sonuçlarına göre düzeyde durağan olmayan seriler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki Fourier Shin eş bütünleşme testiyle sınanmıştır. Bulgular, seriler arasında eş bütünleşmenin olmadığını, enflasyon oranı ile işsizlik oranı arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda Phillips eğrisi hipotezinin Türkiye ekonomisi için geçerli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Seriler arasında bir ilişki tespit edilememesi Yeni Klasik ve Yeni Keynesyen ekolün eğriyle ilgili çıkarımlarıyla uyumludur. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli katsayılar ise Dinamik En Küçük Kareler (DOLS) yöntemiyle sınanmıştır. İşsizlik oranlarında %1’lik artış enflasyon oranlarını yaklaşık olarak %1 artırmaktadır. İşsizlik oranının bağımlı değişken olduğu modelde, enflasyon oranındaki %1’lik artış işsizlik oranını %0.23 oranında artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda incelenen dönemde Türkiye ekonomisinde yüksek enflasyon ve çıktı açığına bağlı olarak yüksek işsizlik oranlarının görülmesi stagflasyon olgusunun olduğunu göstermektedir.
COVID 19’un Türkiye Dış Ticaretine Kısa Dönem Etkilerinin Ürün Grubu Bazında İncelenmesi
Authors: KARATAŞ Ayşegül
Published: October 2021

COVID 19 pandemisi küresel çapta ekonomik krizi de beraberinde getirmiştir. Her ülkenin ekonomik yapısı ve gelişmişlik düzeylerine bağlı olarak farklı sonuçlar doğuran bu krizin etkileri; arz ve talep şoklarının etkisinin değişkenliğine bağlı olarak sektörleri de farklı ölçülerde etkilemektedir. Gerek yurtiçi gerekse yurt dışındaki arz ve talep ülkelerin ürün bazındaki ithalat ve ihracatına etki etmektedir. Salgının yönü hızla değişebilmekte ve dış ticaret verileri de salgının gidişatından etkilenmektedir. Bu gelişmeler bağlamında, yazında Türkiye’nin 2020 üçüncü çeyrek dış ticaret verilerinin ürün bazında detaylıca incelendiği bir araştırmaya rastlanmamıştır. Türkiye’nin 2019 ve 2020 yılı ilk üç çeyrek verilerinin Net Pay Kayması Analizi ile incelendiği bu araştırmada, Türkiye ihracat ve ithalatlarının hangi ürün gruplarında ortalamaların üzerinde artış ve azalış kaydettiği tespit edilmekte ve yazın bulguları ile yorumlanmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarında sanayinin ara girdisi olan enerji ve demir/çelikte ithalat ve ihracatta eş zamanlı düşüşler gözlemlenmiştir. COVID 19 ile hem yurtiçi hem de yurtdışında talebin arttığı gıda ve eczacılık ürünlerinde Türkiye’nin ihracatçı olarak ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte ambalaj sektöründeki talep artışı da ithalatla değil; makinelerin ithal edilerek nihai ürünün Türkiye’de üretilmesi vesilesi ile arttığına yönelik bulgular vardır. Hatta Türkiye’nin plastik grubunda ithalatının azaldığı, ihracatının arttığı görülmektedir. Türkiye’nin en büyük ihracat pazarının Avrupa olması ve en büyük ihraç ürün grubu olan otomotivde Avrupa’nın hızlı bir daralma yaşaması nedeniyle Türkiye ihracatları en çok bu ürün grubunda daralmıştır. Buna benzer şekilde hazır giyim ve ayakkabı ürünleri ile ara girdileri de aynı seyri göstermektedir. Daralması beklenen bir diğer ürün grubu mobilya olmasına rağmen, bu ürün grubunda ihracatın arttığı görülmekte ve bu durum tüketicilerin evde daha fazla vakit geçirmesi ile açıklanmaktadır. Son olarak Türkiye’nin bu dönemde ithalat artışındaki en büyük sebep külçe altın ithalatındaki yüksek artıştır ve bunun sebebi de hane halkının ve iş dünyasının yatırımlarını daha az riskli olan araçlara yönlendirmesidir.
Sanatsal Gelişim Sürecinde Pablo Ruiz Picasso ve Kübizm
Authors: DAĞLI Şemseddin
Published: October 2021

Tarihte modern dönemin başlangıcının Fransız devrimi (1789) olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Gördükleri ile yetinmeyen sanatçılar, görmek istedikleri ve hissettikleri biçimde eserlerini tasarlayıp gerçekleştirmenin peşindedirler. Sanatçıların kendilerini dışarıdaki hayattan soyutlamaları artık neredeyse imkânsızdır. Böylelikle kendilerini anlaşılmazlıklar ve kaosun ortasında bulurlar. 20.yüzyıl sanatçıları değişen dünyaya uyum sağlarlarSanat tarihinin en büyük ve üretken sanatçılarından olan Picasso’nun sadece resim sanatında değil bunun yanı sıra seramik grafik ve heykel gibi farklı disiplinlerdeki diğer sanat alanları ile süren yaşamında eserlerinde ortaya çıkan ve ilk bakışta gözlemlenebilen karakteristik özellikler bu çalışmaların son derece canlı ve enerjik olmasıdır. Eserleri tüm dünyada büyük yankılar yapan akademik eğitiminin ardından üstün klasik yeteneklerini İspanyol tarzı ile birleştirerek mavi ve pembe dönemleri ile pekiştiren Picasso geçtiğimiz yüzyılı derinden sarsan bir sanat akımının da bir anlamda tetikleyicisi ve belki de en önemli ismi olmuştur. Bu akım neredeyse onun ismi ile anılacak olan kübizmdir. Perspektiften uzak biçimselliğin geometrik formlarda belirginleştiği düz hatların derinliği olmayan eserlerin ortaya çıktığı bu akım, hayranı olduğu Paul Cezanne’ın arkadaşı Emil Bernard’a yazdığı mektuplarda doğayı silindir küp ve koni olarak görmek gerektiğine ait sözleri ve gelecekte Kübizm anılacaktır. Picasso bu yoruma karşı ilgisini artırmış ve resimlerindeki formları bu anlamda geometriksel biçimlere sokmuştur. Picasso çalışmaları sonucunda kendine kattığı farklılıklar sayesinde sanatına açtığı yeni boyutları bünyesine katarak sanat yoluna devam etmiştir. Kendine ait gerçeklik kavramını usanmadan arayışına devam ederek durmadan çalışmış farklılıkları kendine ait yeni bir dile dönüştürerek bulduğu yeni yorumlamayla geleneksel resim anlayışını kökten değiştirmiş Kübizm’e ulaşabilmek için ise uzun bir yol kat etmiştir.
Maliye Politikası Aracı Olarak Kamu Harcamaları ile İnsanı Gelişme Endeksi Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Üzerine Bulgular (1990-2019)
Authors: GEYİK Osman , AYDIN Mehmet Sadık
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu harcamaları içerisinde yer alan yarı kamusal mallara yönelik yapılan harcamaların insani gelişme endeksi üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Devletin ekonomik yapı içerisinde gelişen ve değişen rolü dolayısıyla önemi gittikçe artan kamu harcamalarının, ekonomik ve sosyal göstergeler üzerindeki etkisini vurgulamakta yarar vardır. Ekonomik büyüme, kalkınma, insani gelişme, gelir dağılımında adalet ve kaynak kullanımında etkinlik bu göstergelerden sadece bazılarıdır. Maliye politikası amaçlarına ulaşabilmek için etkin bir araç olarak kullanılan kamu harcamaları, toplumun genelinin faydasına sunulmasının yanı sıra bazen sadece özel faydayı da sağlayabilmektedir. Sağladıkları fayda dolayısıyla da bu harcamalar niteliklerine göre tam kamusal, yarı kamusal ve özel mallar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yarı kamusal mal olarak tanımlanan eğitim ve sağlık harcamalarının İnsani gelişme endeksi hesaplamalarında kullanılan temel göstergeler içerisinde yer alması ve bu harcamaların refah maksimizasyonunu sağlama açısından da önemli bir yere sahip olması, kamu harcamaları içerisinde yarı kamusal mal niteliğinde olan eğitim ve sağlık harcamalarının önemini daha da arttırmaktadır. Yarı kamusal malların yaymış oldukları pozitif dışsallıklar dolayısıyla insani gelişme üzerindeki olası etkisinin ölçülmesi çalışmanın ana motivasyon kaynağı olmuştur. Türkiye özelinde yapılan bu çalışmada insani gelişme endeksi ve özellikle eğitim ve sağlık harcamaları başta olmak üzere yarı kamusal mallara yönelik kamu harcamalarının milli gelire oranı değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. İnsani gelişme endeksi verilerinin 1990 yılı ve sonrası mevcut olması nedeniyle çalışmada bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişki 1990-2019 yıllarına ait verilerle zaman serisi teknikleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki Gregory-Hansen eşbütünleşme testi ile sınanmış ve aralarında eşbütünleşik ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Uzun dönem katsayıları FMOLS yöntemiyle tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre uzun dönemde kamu harcamaları insani gelişme düzeyini yükseltmektedir. Nedensellik testine göre ise kamu harcamalarından insani gelişme endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
17. Yüzyıl Arnavutluk/Elbasan’da Bir Fütüvvetnâme Örneği
Authors: AYKAÇ Mehmet
Published: October 2021

Fütüvvet, temeli İslam öncesi döneme kadar uzanan bir erdemli olma karakteristiğidir. Anadolu’dan Balkanlara uzanan esnaf teşkilâtı Ahîliğin ruhunu oluşturan bu karakter, fütüvvetnâme denilen eser türleriyle tezahür etmiştir. Ahîlik kurumunun belki de en önemli mesleği, deri tabaklama zanaati şeklinde ifade edebileceğimiz debbağlıktır. Ahîliğin kurucu isminin de mesleği olarak takdim edilen debbağlık, zanaatın icrâ edildiği meslek grubu içinde debbağlık erkânı olarak tanımlanan kurallar çerçevesinde yürütülmektedir ki bunlar da bir nevi fütüvvetnâme olarak görülür. Bu makalede, 17. yüzyıl Arnavutluk Devlet Arşivi Elbasan Kadı Sicilleri arasında bulunan ve debbağlık erkânını izah eden bir fütüvvetnâme, hem tanıtım hem de muhtevasındaki siyer ve tarih malzemesi açısından ele alınmıştır. Mezkûr arşiv malzemesi, 15 sayfadan müteşekkildir. Fütüvvetnâmenin mühründe Şeyh Seyyid Mustafa ismi vardır. Amacının debbağlık erkânını ortaya koymak olduğunu girizgâh kısmında belirtmiştir. Hem Sünnî hem Alevî geleneğe yönelik referanslar kullanılmıştır. Abdülkâdir Geylânî ve Kadirî büyüklerinin adları geçmekte bununla birlikte Bektâşî erkânnâmelerinde görülen on iki imama da atıflar bulunmaktadır. Hz. Peygamber’in şemaili müellifin yorumlarıyla fütüvvetnâmede yer almıştır. Ardından eşlerine, erkek ve kız çocuklarına ayrı ayrı başlıklar halinde yer verilmiştir. Aşere-i mübeşşere, on iki imam isimlerine yer verildikten sonra diğer konulara geçilmiştir. Siyer ve Tarihe dair bilgi sunumlarında kimi erkânnâmelerde olduğu gibi eleştirel bir dil kullanılmamıştır. Debbağlık mesleğinin şeceresi Hz. Âdem’den başlayarak Ahî Evrân’a kadar bağlantılanmaktadır. Müellif, bu metnin debbağlık erkânını ifade ettiğini açıkça belirtmiştir. Hz. Peygamber’in, derinin tabaklanması ile temizlenmiş olacağına dair hadisi ile başlanmış, mesleğin tarihî şeceresi ortaya konulmuştur. Ardından mesleğin icrâsında dikkat edilecek usuller, gelir paylaşımları ve cezalara yer verilmiştir. Debbağlık erkânını ortaya koyan bu fütüvvetnâmenin bir nevi tüzük olduğu görülmektedir.
Financiamento de Longo Prazo: Explorando o Avanço Recente do Mercado de Debêntures Brasileiro
Authors: Aparecida Lucas Boareto da , Lazzarini Sergio Giovanetti , Bortoluzzo Adriana Bruscato
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Context: in Brazil, there was an expansion of private funding via bond issuances, especially since 2017. Before that period, the sources of long-term financing were concentrated on public funding. Objective: this study aims to explore the main factors that could have positively affect Brazilian bond market and if it would be possible to improve project financing through this debt instruments. Methods: using mixed methods with econometric tests and qualitative interview analysis, this study assesses which were the factors that supported this growth and if there is any difference across industries. Results: we found that a change in the market trend has indeed happened around 2017, and it was more pronounced in specific industries such as electricity. Interviewees suggested that increases in demand (possibly triggered by the reduction of public sources of funding and the fall in local interest rates) could be the main factors that supported this change in trend. Conclusions: therefore, this study reinforces the importance of local market conditions and government policies affecting the relative attractiveness of private versus public sources of corporate investment.
Design Privacy with Analogia Graph
Authors: Cai Yang , Laws Joseph , Bauernfeind Nathaniel
Published: October 2021

Human vision is often guided by instinctual commonsense such as proportions and contours. In this paper, we explore how to use the proportion as the key knowledge for designing a privacy algorithm that detects human private parts in a 3D scan dataset. The Analogia Graph is introduced to study the proportion of structures. It is a graph-based representation of the proportion knowledge. The intrinsic human proportions are applied to reduce the search space by an order of magnitude. A feature shape template is constructed to match the model data points using Radial Basis Functions in a non-linear regression and the relative measurements of the height and area factors. The method is tested on 100 datasets from CAESAR database. Two surface rendering methods are studied for data privacy: blurring and transparency. It is found that test subjects normally prefer to have the most possible privacy in both rendering methods. However, the subjects adjusted their privacy measurement to a certain degree as they were informed the context of security.
Economic management of the developmentsocial protection of the population
Authors: Alpeeva E. A. , Zanina O. V.
Published: October 2021

The issue of fighting poverty is especially acute today. Scientists from different countries of the world have come to a common opinion that targeting is the most important component of the existing mechanisms of social protection of the population. There is an assumption that legislative equality is not identical with social equality. Equalization of incomes of the population and strengthening of the middle class can only be achieved after the formation of targeted social protection of the population. The targeting of social guarantees should include a large list of mechanisms for its regulation, including a differentiated approach and a flexible framework focused on an individual approach. Needy families, whose incomes slightly exceed the established limits, should be able to receive social guarantees from the state in a short amount. At the same time, the establishment of criteria requires constant change, focused on the quarterly living wage of the subject in question. The statement of a fixed income in the current market conditions is unfair. When establishing targeted assistance, it is especially important to take into account the financial condition of the family, not only in terms of income, but actual expenses. It is here that each situation must be considered separately, taking into account external factors. Therefore, there arises an objective need for interaction between social protection bodies of the population with credit (financial) institutions, state tax authorities and other services through the introduction of a single database. This will make it possible to avoid receiving benefits for citizens receiving “shadow” income, as well as to save financial resources for the population in need. Support for the needy segments of the population should not be only quantitative – there should be a qualitative component. The number of planned support programs and implemented programs does not indicate an effective policy, since official statistics on the number of those in need may not correspond to the real picture and the target figures may be underestimated. As part of the implementation of programs to help the population, a conditional number of citizens may be planned, determined according to funding, however, the number of those in dire need may differ significantly. The effectiveness of the implementation of social programs can be determined by a significant reduction in the number of citizens living below the poverty line. There is an objective need to reform the current system of social protection of the population. External and internal economic factors cause changes in wages, employment levels, purchasing power, etc., all of this affects the change in the average per capita income of the population, the real size of wages, etc. To equalize incomes, support the poor and reduce social risks, it is necessary to create a new format based on the principle of targeting.
Vertebral Artery Dissection Mimicking Migraine: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road 169608, Singapore, Kshitij Rahalkar , Lau Hong K. ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road 169608, Singapore, Ponampalam R ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road 169608, Singapore
Published: October 2021

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is caused by an intimal tear that leads to bleeding into the vascular wall, which may cause vascular occlusion by thrombus formation and subsequent distal emboli (leading to ischemic stroke), aneurysm formation and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cervical artery dissections (either carotid or vertebral artery dissection) are an important cause of stroke in patients under 50-years of age. Headache with or without neck pain is a common symptom. Usually, it occurs with focal neurological signs but sometimes it may occur without any neurological deficits and may mimic migraine. Often it occurs spontaneously without trauma but sometimes there is history of minor traumas, sudden neck movements or chiropractic manipulation. Imaging modalities include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment involves anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents.