bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earnings Persistence and Abnormal Audit Fees
Authors: Zhou Xiaohui , Lou Pengzheng , Wu Yongmin , Zhang Lijuan
Published: April 2022

This study discusses the impact of earnings persistence on abnormal audit fees and explores the mechanism between earnings persistence and abnormal audit fees. The results show that the stronger the earnings persistence is, the lower the abnormal audit fees are. The earnings persistence only has a significant impact on the positive abnormal audit fees, and the impact on the negative abnormal audit fees is not obvious. Furthermore, it is found that the negative correlation between the earnings persistence and abnormal audit fees has obvious heterogeneity; that is, it is more significant in companies with low environmental uncertainty and state‐owned companies. The mechanism test shows that earnings persistence reduces abnormal audit fees by improving company operating risk, which proves the “Risk Compensation View” of abnormal audit fees to a certain extent. The research provides an important reference for the management and shareholders to eliminate abnormal audit fees and for the regulatory authorities to regulate audit fees.
Effect of Pore Size of Porous-Structured Titanium Implants on Tendon Ingrowth
Authors: Guo Yupeng , Liu Fei , Bian Xuting , Lu Kang , Huang Pan , Ye Xiao , Tang Chuyue , Li Xinxin , Wang Huan , Tang Kanglai
Published: April 2022

Purpose. The reconstruction of a tendon insertion on metal prostheses is a challenge in orthopedics. Of the available metal prostheses, porous metal prostheses have been shown to have better biocompatibility for tissue integration. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying an appropriate porous structure for the reconstruction of a tendon insertion on metal prostheses. Methods. Ti6Al4V specimens with a diamond-like porous structure with triply periodic minimal surface pore sizes of 300, 500, and 700 μm and a porosity of 58% (designated Ti300, Ti500, and Ti700, respectively) were manufactured by selective laser melting and were characterized with micro-CT and scanning electron microscopy for their porosity, pore size, and surface topography. The porous specimens were implanted into the patellar tendon of rabbits. Tendon integration was evaluated after implantation into the tendon at 4, 8, and 12 weeks by histology, and the fixation strength was evaluated with a pull-out test at week 12. Results. The average pore sizes of the Ti300, Ti500, and Ti700 implants were 261, 480, and 668 μm, respectively. The Ti500 and Ti700 implants demonstrated better tissue growth than the Ti300 implant at weeks 4, 8, and 12. At week 12, the histological score of the Ti500 implant was

13.67
±
0.58

, and it had an area percentage of type I collagen of

63.90
%
±
3.41
%

; both of these results were significantly higher than those for the Ti300 and Ti700 implants. The pull-out load at week 12 was also the highest in the Ti500 group. Conclusion. Ti6Al4V implants with a diamond-like porous structure with triply periodic minimal surface pore size of 500 μm are suitable for tendon integration.
Melanoma Molecular Subtypes and Development of Prognostic and Immunotherapy-Related Genetic Characteristics by Ferroptosis Gene Analysis
Authors: Xu Libin , Zhang Yu , Liu Ting , Wang Luqiang , Zhao Zhenguo , Zhang Xinxin , Li Xiaoyang , Wu Wence , Yu Shengji
Published: April 2022

The dissimilarity is a major problem in clinical therapy of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Objective and reproducible classification systems may help decode SKCM heterogeneity. ConsensusClusterPlus was used to establish a stable immune molecular classification based on ferroptosis-related genes that had been acquired from FerrDb. Moreover, the prognosis, somatic mutations, immune microenvironment characteristics, functional enrichment, and clinical responsiveness to the immune checkpoint blockade of different subtypes in two independent melanin datasets were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate, multivariate, least absolute contraction, and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis were used to develop a molecular model for predicting survival, which was verified by a nomogram on the basis of independent prognostic indicators. Two molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) for SKCM were first identified according to ferroptosis-related genes; C1 showed a poor prognosis, with lower infiltration degree of immune cells and TIED score and higher homologous recombination defects, fraction altered, the number of segments, and copy number amplification and deletion. These characteristics of C2 were the opposite of C1. A ferroptosis-related prognosis risk score (FPRS) model was constructed using 6 of 463 genes with differential expression between C1 and C2. This model splits patients into low- and high-risk cohorts. There were significant differences in the infiltration and proportion of immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, responsiveness to immune checkpoint therapy, and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic medications between low- and high-risk cohorts. This model was an independent prognostic marker for SKCM and has a high AUC. In summary, we have identified two subtypes of SKCM with different molecular and immune characteristics on the basis of ferroptosis-related genes and further developed and verified an FPRS model, which might independently serve as a prognostic marker for SKCM.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: NT5E Could Be a Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Zhang Yaoting , Kadasah Sultan , Xie Jiaheng , Gu Dongsheng
Published: April 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of tumour with a relatively poor prognosis. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors, have improved the treatment status of advanced tumours. However, the emergence of drug resistance has brought difficulties to clinical treatment, and new immune checkpoint research is imminent. The hypoxia-adenosine pathway, in which CD73 encoded by the NT5E gene is a key enzyme for adenosine production, has been identified as an immune checkpoint of great potential. Therefore, NT5E may play an important role in HNSCC. We performed a detailed bioinformatics analysis of NT5E in HNSCC, and the results showed that the overexpression of NT5E in HNSCC was associated with poor prognosis. Our further investigation of the coexpression pattern of HNSCC could provide a reference for drug resistance and immunotherapy studies.
[Retracted] Discovery of New Therapeutic Targets for Osteosarcoma Treatment Based on Immune‐Related lncRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Fu Ribin , Hong Xiaofang
Published: April 2022

Background. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in osteosarcoma development, but their role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not fully understood. This study associated lncRNAs with immune‐related genes and explored the mechanism of lncRNAs in osteosarcoma progression. Methods. Unsupervised consensus clustering was applied to construct immune subtypes based on immune‐related lncRNAs identified by Pearson’s correlation analysis. A series of functional analysis was performed to reveal the links among lncRNAs, immune subtypes, TME, and osteosarcoma prognosis. Results. We identified two immune subtypes C1 and C2 showing distinct overall survival. ECM‐receptor interaction pathway was more activated in C2 subtype, while immune response pathways were more enriched in C2 subtype. Differential TME and response to chemotherapeutic drugs were observed between the two subtypes. Four metagenes of costimulation, cytolytic activity (CYT), immune score, and STAT1 were differentially enriched in the two subtypes. Based on 26‐paired lncRNAs, we constructed a 4‐paired lncRNA prognostic signature for predicting prognosis of osteosarcoma prognosis. Conclusions. This study focused on immune‐related lncRNAs and TME, showing the possible role and mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumor growth and metastasis. ECM may be the new therapeutic target for treating osteosarcoma, and 26‐paired lncRNAs could serve as a basis for further studying the mechanisms of CYT and STAT1 in immune response, cancer cell proliferation, and migration. The two subtypes and prognostic signature could promote the design of personalized osteosarcoma treatment.
Danggui Buxue Decoction Ameliorates Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis through MicroRNA and Messenger RNA Regulatory Network
Authors: Zhang Huizhe , Wang Xue , Shi Yanchen , Liu Mengying , Xia Qingqing , Jiang Weilong , Zhang Yufeng
Published: April 2022

Objective. To develop a putative microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network of Danggui Buxue decoction’s (DGBXD) amelioration of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs). Using miRNet, the predicted target genes of identified DE-miRNAs were estimated, and then the target genes of DE-miRNAs in IPF were comprehensively examined. The Enrichr database was used to conduct functional enrichment and pathway enrichment. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was employed to obtain the target genes of DGBXD as well as active compounds. A putative miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of DGBXD acting on IPF was developed by intersecting the target genes of DGBXD with the DE-miRNA target genes in IPF. A bleomycin-induced mouse model was established and used to perform histopathology as well as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses of some miRNA-mRNA pairs. Results. Fourteen upmodulated DE-miRNAs and six downmodulated DE-miRNAs were screened. The downstream target genes of upmodulated and downmodulated DE-miRNAs were predicted. Subsequently, 1160 upmodulated DE-mRNAs and 1427 downmodulated DE-mRNAs were identified. Then, target genes of DE-miRNAs comprising 49 downmodulated and 53 upmodulated target genes were further screened to perform functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses. Subsequently, 196 target genes of DGBXD were obtained from TCMSP, with six downregulated target genes and six upregulated target genes of DGBXD acting on IPF being identified. A promising miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of DGBXD acting on IPF was developed in this study. Moreover, mir-493 together with its target gene Olr1 and mir-338 together with Hif1a were further validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusion. This study proposed detailed possible processes of miRNA-mRNA modulatory axis in IPF and constructed a prospective IPF-related miRNA-mRNA modulatory network with the aim of alleviating IPF with DGBXD.
Effect of Copper Addition on the Phase Composition and Microstructure Evolution of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding
Authors: Mingying Xiao , Qiang Xiu , Fengchun Jiang
Published: April 2022

Laser clad coating’s susceptibility to cracking is extremely high due to the brittleness of the material itself and the enormous residual stress caused by rapid heating and cooling. In order to relieve the residual stress, a series of Fe-based amorphous-Cu composite coatings were fabricated on 20 steel using laser processing. The effects of copper addition on the phase composition and microstructure evolution of the coatings were then investigated. The as-prepared coatings, which are mainly composed of Fe-based amorphous, Cu, and (Fe, Cr)23 (C, B)6 have a network microstructure. A large amount of spherical-shaped copper metal is present in the coating and is evenly dispersed within the amorphous matrix. The copper in the coating has little effect on the crystallisation of Fe-based amorphous alloys due to the negligible solubility of solid copper and the Fe-based amorphous alloy. The coating average hardness reduces considerably and shows a significant difference, improving the coating stress distribution.
A Novel Architecture for Future Classical-Quantum Communication Networks
Authors: Granelli Fabrizio , Bassoli Riccardo , Nötzel Janis , Fitzek Frank H. P. , Boche Holger , da Fonseca Nelson L. S.
Published: April 2022

The standardisation of 5G is reaching its end, and the networks have started being deployed. Thus, 6G architecture is under study and design, to define the characteristics and the guidelines for its standardisation. In parallel, communications based on quantum-mechanical principles, named quantum communications, are under design and standardisation, leading to the so-called quantum internet. Nevertheless, these research and standardisation efforts are proceeding in parallel, without any significant interaction. Thus, it is essential to discuss an architecture and the possible protocol stack for classical-quantum communication networks, allowing for an effective integration between quantum and classical networks. The main scope of this paper is to provide a joint architecture for quantum-classical communication networks, considering the very recent advancements in the architectural design of 6G and the quantum internet, also defining guidelines and characteristics, which can be helpful for the ongoing standardisation efforts. For this purpose, the article discusses some of the existing main standardisation processes in classical communications and proposed protocol stacks for quantum communications. This aims at highlighting the potential points of connection and the differences that may imply future incompatible developments. The standardisation efforts on the quantum internet cannot overlook the experience gained and the existing standardisation, allowing the creation of frameworks in the classical communication context.
Research on the Correlation between Multisource Big Data Virtual Assisted Preschool Education and the Development of Children’s Innovative Ability
Authors: Meimei Tuo , Baoxin Long
Published: April 2022

Objective. Innovation ability is an important part of children’s core literacy and the core goal of science curriculum. As one of the important contents of scientific literacy, innovation ability is the key ability of young children to make informed decisions when facing scientific problems in social and personal life. In order to adapt to the future life, it is very important for children to have the ability to innovate. This research will provide a reference for the cultivation of children’s innovative ability. Method. In the process of database design, certain design principles need to be followed. In this paper, the system and user experience are greatly optimized by reasonably constructing table structure, allocating storage space, and establishing indexes. In this system, the MySQL database is used to store system data, such as user registration information, subscription information, and system-provided services, and the data uploaded by users that needs to be processed is stored in Hive. Although the GFP algorithm can solve the problem of load balancing, when the largest conditional pattern base of a frequent item is projected to other nodes, a large amount of data transmission will occur, resulting in increased communication between nodes. In order to solve this problem, the FP-growth parallel algorithm based on traffic optimization gives priority to assigning each frequent item to the node that needs the least traffic when grouping it. Results/Discussion. Experiments show that the TFP algorithm not only satisfies the load balance of nodes but also ensures a small amount of communication between nodes, which is more efficient than the traditional FP-growth parallel algorithm. The survey results of the influencing factors of children’s innovation ability match the theoretical hypothesis, and different influencing factors have different effects on each dimension of children’s innovation ability. Through the basic fit index of the model, the evaluation of the external quality of the model and the test of the internal quality of the model, it is shown that the survey results of the influencing factors of children’s innovation ability match the theoretical hypothesis. The three influencing factors of family participation and investment, teacher teaching, and peer collaboration and communication have a positive role in promoting children’s innovation ability.
Maximal Injective Real W∗-Subalgebras of Tensor Products of Real W∗-Algebras
Authors: Rakhimov A. A. , Nurillaev Muzaffar , Salleh Zabidin
Published: April 2022

It is known that injective (complex or real) W∗-algebras with particular factors have been studied well enough. In the arbitrary cases, i.e., in noninjective case, to investigate (up to isomorphism) W∗-algebras is hard enough, in particular, there exist continuum pairwise nonisomorphic noninjective factors of type II. Therefore, it seems interesting to study maximal injective W∗-subalgebras and subfactors. On the other hand, the study of maximal injective W∗-subalgebras and subfactors is also related to the well-known von Neumann’s bicommutant theorem. In the complex case, such subalgebras were investigated by S. Popa, L. Ge, R. Kadison, J. Fang, and J. Shen. In recent years, studies have also begun in the real case. Let us briefly recall the relevance of considering the real case. It is known that in the works of D. Topping and E. Stormer, it was shown that the study of JW-algebras (nonassociative real analogues of von Neumann algebras) of types II and III is essentially reduced to the study of real W∗-algebras of the corresponding type. It turned out that the structure of real W∗-algebras, generally speaking, differs essentially in the complex case. For example, in the finite-dimensional case, in addition to complex and real matrix algebras, quaternions also arise, i.e., matrix algebras over quaternions. In the infinite-dimensional case, it is proved that there exist, up to isomorphism, two real injective factors of typeIIIλ(0<λ<1), and a countable number of pairwise nonisomorphic real injective factors of typeIII0, whose enveloping (complex) W∗-factors are isomorphic, is constructed. It follows from the above that the study of the real analogue of problems in the theory of operator algebras is topical. Moreover, the real analogue is a generalization of the complex case, since the class of real linear operators is much wider than the class of complex linear operators. In this paper, the maximal injective real W∗-subalgebras of real W∗-algebras or real factors are investigated. For real factorsQ⊂R, it is proven that ifQ+iQis a maximal injective W∗-subalgebra inR+iR, thenQalso is a maximal injective real W∗-subalgebra inR. The converse is proved in the case “II1”-factors, that is, it is shown that ifRis a real factor of typeII1, then the maximal injectivity ofQimplies the maximal injectivity ofQ+iQ. Moreover, it is proven that a maximal injective real subfactorQof a real factorRis a maximal injective real W∗-subalgebra inRif and only ifQis irreducible inR, i.e.,Q′∩R=ℝIwhereIis the unit. The “splitting theorem” of Ge-Kadison in the real case is also proven, namely, ifR1is a finite real factor,R2is a finite real W∗-algebra, andRis a real W∗-subalgebra ofR1⊗¯R2containingR1⊗¯ℝI, then there is some real W∗-subalgebraQ2⊂R2such thatR=R1⊗¯Q2. Moreover, it is given some affirmative answers to the question of S. Popa for the real case.
Research on the Inheritance of Miao Costume Culture Based on Digital Wireless Communication Technology
Authors: Luo Qiong , Xu Xubing , Gao Han
Published: April 2022

The protection of the popular culture of local ethnic minorities is an inevitable requirement for building a multicultural system. Through the latest digital technology, through the Internet, digital images, and other technologies, traditional cultural resources are classified and integrated, so that they can be inherited. The purpose of this study is to study the cultural heritage of digitized Miao costumes. This paper introduces the background and importance of the digital protection of Miao costume culture, analyzes in detail the current situation of Miao costume culture, the application of digital protection technology at home and abroad, and analyzes and organizes the research content that introduces the importance of digital protection of Miao costumes. Provide real data support for clothing culture protection. Collect relevant data through questionnaire survey, conduct quantitative statistical analysis, and study the impact of modern cultural communication tools such as television, mobile phones, and the Internet on the inheritance of Miao costume culture under the digital background. The results showed that only 5 of the 216 people were reluctant to use digital dissemination of Miao costumes.
The Optimal Packets Scheduling for Buffer-Aid Energy Harvesting RSUs in Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System
Authors: Shi Ying , Feng Chi , Wang Tong , Yang Qingjiang , Chen Yiping
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we investigate the optimal packet scheduling for RSU-to-vehicle downlink communication in Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS). The RSU is powered by a capacity-limited battery storing harvested energy with reliable energy source as backup, which meets requirement of renewable energy and ensures sustainability of communication system. We aim to find the optimal packet scheduling policy that minimizes the data queuing delay under a given the reliable power constraint and downlink availability rate. According to probabilistic scheduling policy, we adopt data buffer queue and harvesting energy queue as the state-space, and determine the transition action by the joint state of packet arrivals and channel state to establish a two-dimensional Markov chain. Based on this, the optimization problem is formulated. By solving the problem and analysing its solution, we derive the optimal transmission parameters and the optimal scheduling policy which turns out to be threshold-based. Simulations are demonstrated to verify the accuracy of the theoretical derivation results.
Deep Learning-Based Consumer Behavior Analysis and Application Research
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Aiqiang , Hu Wenxin
Published: April 2022

The core of consumer purchase behavior analysis lies in building prediction models. This paper combines consumer behavior prediction with deep learning models, proposes rDNN models and KmDNN models, uses AUC and

F

value as evaluation indicators, implements algorithms using Python as experimental tools, derives prediction results, and conducts comparative analysis. Focusing on deep neural network models in deep learning, the performance of deep neural network models for consumer purchase behavior analysis is explored from three aspects: the underlying theory of deep neural network models, the construction and implementation of the models, and the improvement of the models, and empirical analysis is conducted through experimental results.
A Study on Computational Analysis for Natural Convection in Tall Building – A Macroscopic Approach
Authors: Rajkumar Rupa , Padmanabhan Vasanthi , Sundaram Nagaraj Meenaskshi , Kandasamy Umamaheswari
Published: April 2022

The development of convective heat transfer in buildings are found to be due to the movement of air with respect to the turbulence in air to the temperature. The heat transferred is observed in 3 levels ‐ the roof exposed floor, the seventh floor and the lower floor of the 14 storey naturally ventilated tall building. This paper discusses the eulerian approach which is a macroscopic approach to understand the temperature in the building since the density stratification occurs in the indoor volume of the building. The volume averaged data is considered to be in eularian approach. The CFD analysis is used to artificially create the environment with the different temperatures and velocities. Heat transfer happens due to convection, hence the boundary conditions ‐ initial outdoor temperature has been kept constant at 30°C and 23°C. The change in the outdoor temperature at the air velocities 10 m/sec at 12 noon were observed as 29.37°C, 29.49°C, 29.89°C at constant temperature 30 with respect to 1st floor, 7th floor and roof. Finally, it is noted that, as the air velocity increases, the outdoor temperature also increases. Conjugate heat transfer analysis is followed in CFD analysis to include the resistance of the exterior concrete wall to transfer the temperature to the control volume. K‐omega model is used to resolve the turbulence and to analyse the interior domain with Boussinesq hypothesis in the momentum equation to include the effect of the density difference in heat transfer. It is observed the velocity helps to take the temperature from the exterior domain to the interior part of the building. Hence the results clearly indicate that when the outdoor temperature is higher and the outdoor velocity is also higher, the temperature which enters the indoor environment is also high.
Production Behavior Analysis of Multibranched Horizontal Oil Well considering Reservoir and Well-Type Factors
Authors: Tang Shukai , Sun Xiaoxiao , Zheng Kai , Xu Liangbin , Kong Qingwen
Published: April 2022

Multibranched horizontal well is an important means to develop low permeability reservoirs. Fishbone multibranched horizontal well has the advantages of increasing drainage area, reducing drilling number, utilizing existing wells, and saving oilfield development cost, especially for marginal oilfield exploitation. The morphological structure of fishbone multibranched horizontal well is very complex, so the numerical simulation study is of great significance to guide the production of fishbone multibranched horizontal well. In this paper, the numerical model is established for fishbone multibranched horizontal well in the oil reservoir. The finite element method is used to numerically solve the mathematic model. The oil well production can be achieved by using the material balance method. Sensitivity analysis is made on the important reservoir and well-type factors that affect the production behavior and transient pressure distribution of fishbone multibranched horizontal well. It is concluded that the effective reservoir thickness and flowing bottomhole pressure have great influence on the productivity, but the influence of heterogeneity is not obvious. The length of main wellbore has great effect on the productivity in the early stage. Fishbone multibranched horizontal wells should be placed in the middle of the reservoir to increase productivity. Branch length, branch angle, branch number, and branch spacing are important parameters affecting the productivity of fishbone multibranched horizontal well. The variation of these parameters has obvious influence on the stimulation effect in the early stage of production, but the influence degree is different. Under the premise of drilling technology and drilling safety, the comprehensive impact of these four factors on productivity should be considered simultaneously. The presented model and obtained results not only enrich production behavior analysis of fishbone multibranched horizontal well but also have significance on formulation of stimulation measures and efficient low permeability reservoir development.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Chronic Kidney Disease Has an Independent Adverse Effect on the Long‐Term Outcome of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Endo Daisuke , Yamamoto Taira , Kajimoto Kan , Matsushita Satoshi , Dohi Shizuyuki , Shimada Akie , Yokoyama Yasutaka , Io Hiroaki , Suzuki Yusuke , Tabata Minoru , Amano Atsushi
Published: April 2022

We examined short‐ and long‐term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ischemic heart disease and the effect of renal function on these outcomes. We included 2783 patients who underwent primary elective CABG at a single institution between 2002 and 2020 (age: 67.6 ± 10.2 years; male: 2281 male). They were stratified based on their preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate and underwent off‐pump CABG (completion rate, 98.1%); 57.6% cases used bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA). In‐hospital mortality rate was 1.0%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that low left ventricular function (<40%), but not chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity, was an independent predictive risk factor for postoperative hospital mortality. Significant differences existed in respiratory complications, infections, and hospitalization duration according to CKD severity. Deep sternal wound infection rate was 0.5%. The mean follow‐up period was 7.1 (0–18.5) years. Estimated 10‐year survival rates were negatively correlated with CKD severity; in the Cox hazard model, severe CKD was an independent predictor of long‐term survival. We examined the relationship between preoperative and intraoperative factors and their effects on long‐term survival using propensity score matching by dividing the renal function severity into G1–2 and G3–5. Renal function severity, age, and operative time were independent risk factors. No prognostic improvement was observed with BITA grafts; graft patency was superior in the right internal thoracic artery (52/52; 100%) than in the great saphenous vein (48/59; 81.4%) in G5. Post‐CABG in‐hospital mortality was unrelated to renal function, but CKD severity strongly influenced long‐term survival. Operation time was an important predictor of long‐term prognosis in patients with impaired renal function. Treatment plans, including graft and anastomosis‐site selections, should be designed to shorten the operation time. In conclusion, using the right internal thoracic artery in CABG is more beneficial in patients with CKD and cardiovascular comorbidities.
Research on the Weak Signal Extraction Method with Adaptive Stochastic Resonance Based on the Time Grid Sensor for PMSM
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Fei , Liu Hongxia , Xiao Yanqiu , Shi Guoning
Published: April 2022

Because the output signal of the time grid sensor is so weak and is easily affected by the disturbing noise, it is difficult to extract the induction signal containing the position information, when the time grid sensor is used to detect the rotor position of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this paper, an adaptive monostable stochastic resonance method is proposed to realize the weak signal detection of the time grid sensor. The tunnel magnetoresistance effect sensor (TMR) is adopted to detect the change of the rotor magnetic field of the motor in this method, and the detection model of the time grid sensor about PMSM is constructed. The monostable stochastic resonance theory is applied to extract the induction signal of the time grid sensor. As to the problem of the tuning the parameters of the monostable stochastic resonance system, the genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters of the monostable stochastic resonance system. The experimental results show that the monostable stochastic resonance method based on the genetic algorithm can effectively detect the weak induction signal of the time grid sensor about PMSM. This method solves the problem of the weak signal extraction of the time grid sensor for PMSM, and the detection accuracy is also improved.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Dogs and Cats after Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Instability Using 2-0 UniLock Implants
Authors: Letesson Julien , Goin Bastien , Trouillet Jean Louis , Barthez Paul
Published: April 2022

Traumatic vertebral fracture or luxation often results in spinal instability requiring surgical stabilization. This study describes the long-term outcome of spinal stabilization using a unilateral 5-hole 2-0 UniLock implant in eight dogs and two cats with trauma-induced thoracolumbar vertebral luxation/subluxation and presumed instability, as assessed by a combination of preoperative radiographs and MRI using a 3-compartment method. The UniLock plate was secured with four monocortical locking screws in adjacent vertebral bodies. Additional pins and facet screws were used in several patients. Postoperative radiographs and MRI studies showed restoration of the main spinal axis in all patients and satisfactory implantation of the screws in the vertebral bodies, with no intrusion in the vertebral canal or in the adjacent intervertebral disc spaces. Neurological status improved in nine patients six weeks postoperatively. Partial implant failure was detected in three patients with no long-term consequences. After 12 months, seven patients reached full recovery with no neurological deficit, two patients were euthanized (including one owing to an unrelated condition), and one remained paraparetic. The results of this study demonstrate that using a 2-0 UniLock implant to stabilize the thoracolumbar spine results in satisfactory long-term recovery in most dogs and cats with traumatic spinal luxation/subluxation and presumed instability. Complications may occur but do not require revision surgery and do not affect clinical outcomes.
Consider on Risk Forecast and Safety Management of Agricultural Product Production Outsourcing Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Qiu Yeming , Zhou Jing , Tang Liqiang
Published: April 2022

Risk prediction refers to a measure that predicts and formulates countermeasures to prevent accidents from occurring during the work process and work results before work. With the development of the global economy, fresh agricultural products, as one of the agricultural products with the largest daily consumption, will have a serious impact once a problem occurs. The emergence of Internet of Things technology makes the supply of agricultural products in more forms to the market. This article analyzed the related literature about agricultural calendar year outsourcing research; the scholars have identified factors influencing the quality of security screening and classification, common process and characteristics of domestic agricultural products outsourcing, standing in the perspective of external environment and internal processes, from the natural environment of supply chain, the production processing, transportation, circulation, and marketing chain. The factors that may affect the quality and safety of fresh agricultural products were identified, and the risk assessment index system was finally determined. Then, the risk of risk index is evaluated from the perspective of six attributes of risk; that is, the risk of each risk index is considered from the possibility of occurrence, loss caused, infectivity, mitigation, controllability, and predictability, rather than just the possibility and loss of risk. Finally, the system evaluation data shows that the stability of the system is as high as about 80, indicating that the system has a good stability.
Mayfly Optimization Algorithm Applied to the Design of PSS and SSSC-POD Controllers for Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations in Power Systems
Authors: Fortes Elenilson V. , Martins Luís Fabiano Barone , Costa Marcus V. S. , Carvalho Luis , Macedo Leonardo H. , Romero Rubén
Published: April 2022

In this paper, it is proposed to apply the mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA) to perform the coordinated and simultaneous tuning of the parameters of supplementary damping controllers, i.e., power system stabilizer (PSS) and power oscillation damping (POD), that actuate together with the automatic voltage regulators of the synchronous generators and the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), respectively, for damping low-frequency oscillations in power systems. The performance of the MOA is compared with the performances of the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for solving this problem. The dynamics of the power system is represented using the current sensitivity model, and, because of that, a current injections model is proposed for the SSSC, which uses proportional-integral (PI) controllers and the residues of the current injections at the buses, obtained from the Newton–Raphson method. Tests were carried out using the New England system and the two-area symmetrical system. Both static and dynamic analyses of the operation of the SSSC were performed. To validate the proposed optimization techniques, two sets of tests were conducted: first, with the purpose of verifying the performance of the most effective algorithm for tuning the parameters of PSSs, PI, and POD controllers, and second, with the purpose of performing studies focused on small-signal stability. The results have validated the current injections model for the SSSC, as well as have indicated the superior performance of the MOA for solving the problem, accrediting it as a powerful tool for small-signal stability studies in power systems.
Study on Pressure Characteristics of Disturbed Wells due to Interwell Fracturing Interference and Its Application in Small Well Spacing Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Lu Fan , Guo Zhibo , Yan Le , Xu Tianlu , Ge Hongkui , Liu Shun , Zhou Desheng
Published: April 2022

In order to maximize the production of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, the well spacing has been shrinking continuously. Thus, the interwell fracturing interference usually occurs, which brings some problems affecting the fracturing efficiency. As one of the most challenging issues, a set of efficient methods for diagnosing wellhead pressure characteristics of interwell fracturing interference need to be established. In this study, taking the shale oil well platform of Lucaogou Formation as an example, the wellhead pressure resulted from interwell fracturing interference was analyzed. A real-time diagnosis method for each fractured stage based on the power-law model was proposed; the interference was further classified into four types. Meanwhile, the parameters of well spacing and completion were optimized. The results show that the power-law model of nonuniform pressure transmission in complex fracture networks is applicable for the evaluation of wellhead pressure fluctuation in real time. According to the differential pressure, the differential pressure derivative and the variation range of pressure interference during fracturing (PIF) and the interwell fracturing interference of Lucaogou Formation shale oil can be classified into pressure communication type (I), hydraulic fractures connected type (II), large natural fractures interconnected type (III), and composite type (IV). Specifically, the type of III and IV will do harm to the production, while the type of I is conducive to supplementing formation energy. The type of II may be conducive to supplementing formation energy in some situations. The well spacing of shale oil in the Lucaogou Formation is preferably 150~200 m, and the injection rate is optimized to 12 m3/min. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of identifying wellhead pressure characteristics of interwell fracturing interference and optimizing well spacing and completion parameters.
Study on the Migration Pattern of Concentrated Brine in Underground Concentrated Brine Storage Reservoir: A Case Study in Ling Xin Mining Area
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Li Xiaolong , Huang Hui , Song Xidong , Gao Jun , Wu Shaoxue , Kong Guocai , Duan Zhiwei
Published: April 2022

The discharge of mine water from underground coal mines in arid areas is leading to extensive water loss and secondary pollution. To eliminate the water loss and environmental pollution, sealing the concentrated brine after the mine water treatment in the underground storage and pumping the clean water to the surface for recycling are effective methods. In this study, focusing on the Ling Xin mining area, China, a coupled model of concentrated brine flow and solute transport in underground reservoir was established. The migration patterns of concentrated brine under two simulation scenarios of long-term penetration and sudden leakage were analyzed. At the same time, it also initially revealed the essence of the environmental pollution caused by the penetration and leakage of the concentrated brine in the underground concentrated brine storage reservoir. Results show that the concentrated brine would penetrate the bottom aquifer in about 60 years in long-term penetration while approximately 40 days in sudden leakage. In addition, the storage time, reservoir permeability, and groundwater head difference were important factors affecting the migration of concentrated brine, where the influence of permeability varieties was the most significant. The results of this study provide technical options for the subsequent study of the environmental risk of underground concentrated brine reservoirs and have important technical significance for the study and engineering application of underground reservoirs in arid areas.
Sequence Stratigraphy Variation and Its Implication in Shale Oil Exploration: A Case Study of the Eocene Dongying Depression, Eastern China
Authors: Wu Jing , Li Wei , Li Wenjin , Chen Wei
Published: April 2022

Organic matter (OM) and carbonate are the important organic and inorganic components, respectively, in the shales of the upper fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Dongying Depression, Eastern China. Their enrichment affects the hydrocarbon generation capacity and reservoir development of shales. The development mechanism of sequence stratigraphy and the influence of sequence stratigraphy on OM enrichment and carbonate deposition are investigated in this study. Based on the petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses, a third-order sequence is recognized, including the lowstand systems tract (LST), transgressive systems tract (TST), and highstand systems tract (HST). The total organic carbon (TOC) content is 0.11–9.05 wt% (average 2.2 wt%), and the carbonate content is 3–95 wt% (average 51 wt%). Organic matter and carbonate are enriched in TST and gradually reduced in HST and LST. The decrease in the relative lake level in LST results in the deposition of abundant siltstone, leading to both poor OM preservation and carbonate precipitation. The rapid rise in the relative lake level in TST may be triggered by marine transgression, promoting OM enrichment in terms of both production and preservation. Seawater input brought abundant Ca2+ and Mg2+, which facilitated the precipitation of carbonates. The enrichment of OM and carbonate improves the capacity of hydrocarbon generation and reservoir performance of shales in the TST. The decrease in the relative lake level in HST causes a slight increase in the terrigenous clastic content, which, on the one hand, accelerates the sedimentation rate and OM deposition and, on the other hand, reduces carbonate precipitation. This study not only explains the differential distribution of OM and carbonate but also helps to improve the accuracy of the evaluation of shale oil sweet spots.
Study on the Evolutionary Game of Information Security Supervision in Smart Cities under Different Reward and Punishment Mechanisms
Authors: Guo Yihang , Zou Kai , Liu Chang , Sun Yingzi
Published: April 2022

At present, the information security problems of smart city show a high incidence, and it is necessary to strengthen the information security supervision of smart city. In the process of supervision, there is a game relationship between local government and smart city enterprises. This paper firstly constructs the game matrices of local government and enterprises under the static and three dynamic reward and punishment mechanisms, then conducts numerical simulation with the help of MATLAB to arrive at the optimal reward and punishment mechanism through comparison, and finally explores the influence of the change of the upper limit value of each key variable on the directionality and sensitivity of the decision‐making behavior of game subjects under the optimal mechanism. The result shows that initial value is one of the decisive factors influencing the choice of management strategy by enterprise. Dynamic reward and dynamic punishment mechanism is the best reward and punishment mechanism for information security supervision in smart cities. In case the upper limit value of key parameters is increased, a larger punishment has a strong influence on the positive strategy choice of the enterprise, and a reasonable adjustment of the reward policy can likewise mobilize the probability that the enterprise actively chooses to strengthen information security management. Based on the simulation results, we propose a feasible strategy.
Human Oral Keratinocytes Challenged by Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis Differentially Affect the Chemotactic Activity of THP-1 Monocytes
Authors: Li Huajing , Seneviratne Chaminda Jayampath , Jin Lijian
Published: April 2022

Periodontal diseases are initiated by the shift from microbe-host symbiosis to dysbiosis, and the disrupted host response predominantly contributes to tissue destruction. This study investigated whether and to what extent human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) challenged by a periodontal commensal or pathogen could differentially affect the chemotactic activity of THP-1 monocytes. A selected periodontal commensal (Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556) and a pathogen (Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277) were cultured and inoculated, respectively, into the lower chamber of Transwell® Permeable Supports with HOKs and incubated for 2 h or 18 h at 37°C under appropriate cell growth conditions. HOKs alone served as the control for the transwell migration assay. Well-stained THP-1 monocytes were seeded in the top chamber of the device, incubated for 2 h and then collected from the lower well for quantitation of the migrated fluorescence-labeled cells by the FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer. The statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA. The HOKs challenged by S. sanguinis attracted a significantly higher number of THP-1 cell migration as compared with the control after 2 h or 18 h interaction (

p
<
0.01

). By contrast, P. gingivalis-treated HOKs exhibited a markedly reduced chemotactic effect on THP-1 cells (

p
<
0.01

, 2 h;

p
<
0.05

, 18 h). There was no significant difference in THP-1 cell migration among the groups with either S. sanguinis or P. gingivalis alone. The current findings on P. gingivalis-HOKs interactions with resultant paralysis of THP-1 cell chemotaxis provide further evidence that the keystone periodontopathogen P. gingivalis can evade innate defense and contribute to periodontal pathogenesis.
Recurrent Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation as a Presentation of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Singh Arati , Saini Neelam , Behl Geetanjli , Aggarwal Shagun , Kolar Geeta
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Vein of Galen malformation (VGM) results from an aneurysmal aberration with an arteriovenous shunting of blood and is the most frequent arteriovenous malformation in infants and fetuses. The congenital malformation develops during weeks 6–11 of fetal development. Infants often die from high-output congestive heart failure. VGM is mostly considered as a sporadic condition with minimal recurrence risk in subsequent pregnancies. Mendelian forms of VGM have rarely been described as infrequent phenotypic presentations of 2 disorders: capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (RASA1, EPHB4) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4), both showing autosomal dominant inheritance. Case Presentation: Here, we report on a consanguineous couple with recurrent VGM in 2 pregnancies. Both partners were found to be affected by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia due to a known pathogenic heterozygous c.790G>A (p.Asp264Asn) variant in ENG. Fetal DNA was unavailable, however in view of the mild phenotype in the couple, along with the severe prenatal presentation in 2 pregnancies, the fetus was presumed to be homozygous for the ENG variant. A subsequent pregnancy revealed a fetus heterozygous for the variant, which had an uneventful perinatal course. Conclusion: This report highlights a severe perinatal lethal phenotype due to biallelic variants in a gene hitherto known to cause an autosomal dominant disorder.