bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain Measurement on a PBX during Temperature Cycling Using Fibre Bragg Gauges
Authors: Gao Siyue , Xu Yao , Zhang Weibin , Chen Pengwan , Wang Jun , Yang Chunlei , Wang Shujing , Ma Zhiqiang , Liu Rui , Zhang Jianzhong , Liu Yanlei
Published: October 2024

The anisotropic and irreversible expansion properties of polymer‐bonded explosives (PBX) can significantly influence the utility and reliability of associated equipment. The physical state of PBX under temperature cycling affects the strain distribution across the surface of cylindrical specimens. This strain is indicative of the irreversible growth and anisotropic expansion of the specimens. In this study, fiber Bragg grating sensors are employed to monitor the strain of PBX throughout the temperature cycling process, and our focus was on analyzing the changes in anisotropy and strain distribution during the cycle. The relationships between strain, temperature, material properties, and differences among various materials are examined. Experimental results indicate that the strain along the height and radial directions of the PBX specimens displayed a monotonic gradient distribution, increasing progressively in areas of higher density. TATB‐based PBX exhibited anisotropic expansion throughout the temperature cycling, with the degree of anisotropy increasing during heating and decreasing upon cooling. Conversely, HMX‐based PBX showed greater expansion in the height direction during both the heating and cooling phases, but it did not display noticeable anisotropy following the temperature cycling. At the highest temperature‐holding stage (100°C), the HMX‐based PBX was isotropic. The extent of strain in PBX was correlated with the thermal expansion coefficient of the crystal, although the final degree of expansion was not dependent on the initial range of strain. The ratchet growth of TATB‐based PBX was approximately 31 μϵ greater than that of HMX‐based PBX.
Switchable RDX‐Based Rubberized Explosive with Thermally‐Expandable Microspheres
Authors: Lawrence Joseph R. , Örnek Metin , Ferguson Robert E. , Collard Diane N. , Son Steven F.
Published: October 2024

Improving the safety of explosive materials through the synthesis of insensitive explosives has been studied extensively. However, little work has focused on creating switchable explosives. A switchable explosive is normally insensitive to detonation, and therefore safe to handle and transport, but can be sensitized when needed to create a functional explosive. Similarly, it may be desired to desensitize an explosive to prevent its function. This study examined the ability to create a switchable 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX)‐based rubberized explosive using thermally‐expandable microspheres (TEMs). The addition of TEMs to the explosive formulation allowed for microstructural changes and potential hot spot locations to form as the microspheres expanded. Small voids (less than about 10 μm) are more likely to be critical hot spots when shocked, and likewise larger voids are less likely to ignite successfully (sub‐critical) when shocked. Consequently, both sensitization and desensitization are possible. The rubberized explosive considered here with unexpanded microspheres was unable to sustain a detonation for the size used, but after specific heating followed by cooling to produce small voids, a detonation was achieved. The TEMs addition to the RDX‐based rubberized explosive resulted in an explosive that is detonation insensitive when unheated but becomes a functional explosive after it is sensitized through heating. This paves the way to create insensitive explosive formulations with on‐demand switchable detonation function through the incorporation of thermally‐expandable microspheres. Desensitization was also demonstrated with specific heating of TEMs in an initially detonable explosive charge. Finally, we also demonstrated that deflagration can be affected by heating TEMs.
Genetic basis of resistance to Cry1Ac in Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): inheritance mode, cross‐resistance patterns and fitness cost
Authors: Reis Alexandre C , Steinhaus Eduardo A , Godoy Daniela N , Warpechowski Luiz F , Diniz Luis H M , Dallanora Arthur , Horikoshi Renato J , Ovejero Ramiro F L , Martinelli Samuel , Berger Geraldo U , Head Graham P , Dourado Patrick M , Bernardi Oderlei
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) was historically a secondary soybean pest in Brazil, but a key soybean pest in Argentina. From 2021 onwards, injury caused by R. nu has been reported in soybean that expresses the Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) in both countries. In this study, we selected resistant and susceptible strains of R. nu to Cry1Ac using Cry1Ac‐containing leaf tissue and characterized the inheritance of resistance, cross‐resistance patterns and fitness cost.

RESULTS

Neonates of the Cry1Ac‐resistant strain of R. nu were able to develop on Cry1Ac soybean leaves and emerge as fertile adults, while neonates from the susceptible and heterozygous strains did not survive beyond 10 days. The resistance ratio to Cry1Ac estimated in diet‐overlay bioassays in the resistant strain was > 736.92‐fold. The inheritance pattern of Cry1Ac resistance in R. nu was characterized as autosomal recessive and monogenic. The Cry1Ac‐resistant strain of R. nu also exhibited high resistance to Cry1A.105 (resistance ratio > 159.87‐fold), but negligible resistance to Cry2Ab2 (resistance ratio = 1.25‐fold). Life history data showed that the resistance to Cry1Ac in R. nu is not associated with a substantial fitness cost.

CONCLUSIONS

The inheritance pattern of Cry1Ac resistance in R. nu is autosomal recessive, monogenic and not associated with obvious fitness costs. Cross‐resistance occurred between Cry1Ac and Cry1A.105 in R. nu but not between Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2, indicating that Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean is a valuable tool to manage Cry1Ac resistance in R. nu. This is the first study reporting the genetic basis of Cry1Ac resistance in R. nu. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predictability of midlatitude Rossby‐wave packets
Authors: Prestel‐Kupferer Isabelle , Riemer Michael , Schmidt Sören , Teubler Franziska
Published: October 2024

Rossby‐wave packets (RWPs) along the midlatitude jet are a fundamental ingredient of extratropical dynamics. RWPs have been linked to enhanced atmospheric predictability and the occurrence of extreme weather events. We here investigate the predictability of Northern Hemispheric RWPs as physical entities, defined by enhanced values of the Rossby‐wave envelope field. Using a catalogue of RWPs identified and tracked in reanalysis data, we analyze RWP predictability in a 19‐year period of NOAA GEFSv12 reforecasts. Our analysis adopts the so‐called distance and amplitude score (DAS), a verification metric that avoids both the double‐penalty issue of field‐based verification of coherent features and the complications of an object‐based approach. Applied to the envelope field, forecast errors defined by this metric asymptote towards saturation, but do not completely reach saturation within the 10 days lead time available to this study. The growth rate of the median DAS is highest initially and decreases with lead time. This is a nontrivial result, because the underlying envelope field largely de‐emphasizes phase information, but still exhibits very similar error‐growth characteristics to fields that contain the full phase information. Variations in RWP predictability are dominated by the stage of the RWP life cycle, with higher predictability found for the propagation stage than the onset and decay stages. In addition, RWP predictability exhibits a seasonal cycle, with higher predictability in winter than in summer. Controlling for seasonality and the stage of the life cycle, we find that (i) high‐amplitude RWPs exhibit higher predictability than low‐amplitude RWPs up to 6 days lead time and (ii) there is a general pattern of relatively high predictability over Eurasia. Finally, predictability of the propagating stage is higher if forecasts are initialized after RWP onset than if initialized before onset. In this sense, RWP onset acts as a predictability barrier to the subsequent propagation stage.
Nonreciprocal Photon Transport in a Chiral Optomechanical System
Authors: Huang Shi‐Tong , Qian Yi‐Bing , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Sun Lei , Hou Bang‐Pin , Tang Lei
Published: October 2024

Chiral interaction between light and quantum emitters leads to emergence development of chiral quantum optics and stimulates a wide range of practical applications in quantum regime, such as single‐photon isolation and photon unidirectional emission. Cavity optomechanics studying the interaction between optical and mechanical resonators plays an important role in the field of quantum optics. However, how to achieve the chiral interaction between light and mechanical oscillators and explore the applications of the chiral optomechanical systems are still difficult encountered in cavity optomechanics. Here, a method is proposed to achieve chiral optomechanical interaction by exploiting directional squeezed light in a multimode optomechanical system. Based on the chiral interaction between photon and phonon, the nonreciprocal photon transport at a single‐photon level can be realized. An isolation ratio of and a negligible insertion loss for the photonic isolator are obtained. This method paves the way to realize chiral optomechanical interaction for conducting chiral optomechanics and opens up the prospect of exploring and utilizing chiral photon–phonon manipulation in the quantum regime.
Event‐Triggered Secure Control of Positive Networked Control Systems Under Multi‐Channels Attacks
Authors: Qiu Hongling , Shen Jun , Xing Wei , Wang Ruiying
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the secure control of positive networked control systems under multi‐channel attacks characterized by a Bernoulli distribution. Specifically, the sensor‐to‐controller channel suffers from false data injection (FDI) attacks, whereas the controller‐to‐actuator channel suffers from denial of service (DoS) attacks. The objective is to design a static output feedback controller that guarantees the positivity and stochastic stability of the closed‐loop system in the presence of DoS and FDI attacks. To conserve communication resources, we employ an event‐triggered scheme to reduce the frequency of information transmission. Due to the positivity of the system, the proposed event‐triggering mechanism employs the 1‐norm form instead of the 2‐norm form, which allows that the controller parameter is determined via linear programming rather than LMI technique. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of our methods.
Recent advances in responsive liquid crystal elastomer‐contained fibrous composites
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Li Jiajun , Zhang Ruicong , Chen Ruirun , Zhang Yumin , Wang Tianyu , Yang Kun‐Lin , Zhu Jiaqi
Published: October 2024

Responsive polymers can react to surrounding environments by changing their physical and/or chemical properties. Among them, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have emerged as one of the important branches in the field of applied polymer science due to their significant advantages in flexible mechanics and shape memory. Manufacturing LCE fibers with a large specific surface area and functional fillers has become a research hotspot in recent years. This type of LCE‐contained fibrous composite (LCEF) exhibits not only extremely high response sensitivity but also excellent axial mechanical strength and a high degree of deformation freedom. In this paper, we provide a bird's eye view of recent developments in LCEF, including structural designs, synthesis and forming methods, mechanical response principles and modes. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances of LCEF in artificial muscles, smart textiles, biomimetic systems, intelligent soft machines, followed by challenges and possible routes in fabrications and applications of LCEF. At the end, we aim to provide a perspective for an emerging field of stimulus‐responsive polymeric fiber composites.
Use of Dialysis Membranes for the Purification of Fe/Ni and Fe/Cu Nanoparticles Synthesized from Green Tea Extract
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoang , Nguyen Hong Son , La Duc Duong , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Vu Ngoc Toan , Le Xuan Dong
Published: October 2024

To ensure the quality and effectiveness of nanoparticle material for specific applications, it is essential to eliminate contaminants or unreacted substances produced during the green synthesis process using leaf extract. In this study, dialysis membranes with a molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of approximately 12,000–14,000 Dalton (Da) were employed to remove metal ions, chlorides, and polyphenols from the zerovalent bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) suspension, instead of using centrifugation or filtration, which causes solvent loss to the environment. Our research results showed that the efficiency of removing impurities and residual components achieved by the dialysis membrane was relatively high. Furthermore, alterations in specific characteristics of BNPs following dialysis were also observed and discussed.
Anti‐inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities with Molecular Docking Studies of Vitex Trifolia L. Targeting Human COX‐2 and Peroxiredoxin‐5
Authors: Fawwaz Muammar , Purwono Bambang , Sidiq Yasir , Arwansyah  , Arsul Muhammad Ikhlas , Fitriana  , Pratama Mamat , Fajriani Aliah , Kusuma Andi Trihadi , Amirullah  , Musdalifah Andi Alifia , Sarfandi Agus , Baits Muzakkir
Published: October 2024

Vitex trifolia L. is widely used as a traditional medicine owing to its secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profiling of the ethanolic extract of V. trifolia leaves (EEVL). Additionally, biological activities were investigated, supported by molecular docking studies. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the EEVL were 35.25 ± 0.13 mg QE/g extract and 39.55 ± 1.43 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The EEVL exhibits anti‐inflammatory activity with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 153.59 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the EEVL exhibited an IC50 value of 20.41 ± 0.08 µg/mL with the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, a half‐maximal effective concentration value of 80.85 ± 0.39 µg/mL with the cupric‐reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method, and a capacity of 180.58 mg QE/g extract with the ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. At 16% concentration, the EEVL exhibited an antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria. Molecular docking studies reported that casticin interacts with sodium diclofenac similarly toward 1PXX. However, artemitin exhibited better affinity toward 1HD2 than ascorbic acid. Thus, the EEVL has significant potential as a natural source for treating various diseases related to inflammation, oxidation, and infection. Moreover, screening of its active compounds is necessary for further exploration.
Iron‐Catalyzed, Visible‐Light‐Mediated Decarboxylative Cyclization Reactions: A Viable Approach to 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Shi Zhaocheng , Li Huimin , Sheng Wenli , Chen Junmin
Published: October 2024

This study reports a visible‐light‐induced photoredox decarboxylative cyclization reaction of enone acids via iron photocatalysis. The protocol provides a facile entry to structurally valuable highly functionalized 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds in good to excellent yields. This method features cheap iron photocatalyst, excellent functional group tolerance, wide substrate scope, and environmentally friendly features.
Crystal Form‐Dependent MnS for Diabetic Wound Healing: Performance and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Duan Xiaomeng , Xu Kaikai , Zhang Mingzhu , Xia Yuanyuan , Wang Liping , Chen Bingbing , Wang Chongchong , Wei Shaohua , Zhou Lin
Published: October 2024

In pharmaceuticals, the structural and functional alterations induced by biotransformation are well‐documented. Many pharmaceuticals exist in various crystal forms, which govern their transformation and significantly impact their activity. However, in the field of inorganic nanomedicine, there is a paucity of research focusing on the influence of crystal form‐dependent “metabolism” (transformation) on their activity and biomechanism. This study delves into the distinct performances of two crystal forms of manganese sulfide (MnS), namely α‐MnS and γ‐MnS, in bacteria‐infected diabetic wound healing. In the initial stage of a wound, where the environment is neutral to slightly alkaline, MnS partially converts to MnxOy (comprising Mn2O3 and Mn3O4) and concurrently produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S); the conversion efficiency of γ‐MnS significantly surpasses that of α‐MnS. Additionally, γ‐MnS is more soluble than α‐MnS, which allows it to generate more Mn2+. These components collectively contribute to the superior bacteriostatic properties of MnS. In wound related cells, MnS stimulates the production of collagen I and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promote the M1 macrophages polarizing to the M2 phenotype, for extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Notably, different transformation products have distinct functions. Consequently, the activity of MnS is dependent on its original crystal form related solubility and transformation efficiency.
“All‐in‐One” MnO2@PtAuRu Nanoreactor for Self‐Replenishing and Cascade Catalytic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Li Qing , Wu Shenshen , Li Bin , Zhou Pengyou , Wang Hemin , Zhang Xianan , Meng Qingtao , Li Xiaobo , Chen Hanqing , Pang Yuanfeng , Chen Rui
Published: October 2024

Limited by the insufficient catalytic substrates such as H2O2 and O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the continual propelling of nanozymes catalysis therapy of cancer remains a challenge. Here, an all‐in‐one MnO2@PtAuRu nanoreactor is constructed for self‐propelled and cascade catalytic therapy of tumors. The MnO2@PtAuRu is constructed by using hollow MnO2 (≈150 nm) as the core‐carrier and ultrasmall PtAuRu nanoclusters (≈2 nm) anchoring on the surface MnO2. According to the glucose oxidase (GOD)/catalase (CAT)/peroxidase (POD) mimic multienzyme activity of PtAuRu nanoclusters, cascaded nanocatalytic reactions can be self‐replenishing to persistently produce •OH for superior chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Additionally, the MnO2 carrier can protect the ultrasmall PtAuRu nanoclusters during the circulation and the overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in the tumor can also be degraded by the MnO2 to synergy the CDT. The MnO2@PtAuRu displays obvious photothermal properties which further enhance the cascade catalytic ability and synergistic therapeutic effect. Therefore, this all‐in‐one nanozyme provides a promising strategy for the rational design of self‐replenishment and self‐replenishing cascade catalytic therapy of cancer.
Probing Surface‐Mediated Electronic Coupling in Flat Hexagonal Phosphorus Nanostructures and Monolayer on Au(111)
Authors: Karn Abhishek , Michel Ian‐Evan , Lezoualc'h Mahé , Chacon Cyril , Girard Yann , Smogunov Alexander , Dappe Yannick J. , Lagoute J.
Published: October 2024

Due to its diverse allotropes and intriguing properties, 2D phosphorus, also known as phosphorene, is a material of great interest. Here, the successful growth of flat hexagonal 2D phosphorus on Au(111) is reported. Starting from phosphorus linear chains at low coverage, a porous network and finally an extended 2D flat hexagonal (HexP) layer while increasing phosphorus deposition is formed. Using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy combined with ab initio calculations, the structure and electronic properties of the as‐grown phosphorus structures are followed. The progressive formation of a phosphorus electronic band in the conduction band region is followed. More strikingly, a partial flatband that appears only on the HexP phase characterized by a sharp peak in the electronic spectrum is observed. These bands arise from the hybridization of phosphorus and gold atoms. This novel phosphorus‐based structure exhibits remarkable electronic properties due to gold mediated phosphorus–phosphorus electronic coupling. This work paves the way for new interface material developments with attractive electronic properties.
Electric Field‐Induced Ordered‐Structural Aerogels Enable Superinsulation and Multifunctionality
Authors: Li Wenjie , He Fei , Liu Hang , Jiang Yuncong , Mu Yuwen , Wang Chen , Zhou Xin , Jiang Siyi , Xu Lingfeng , Wang Linyan , He Xiaodong , Li Mingwei
Published: October 2024

1D flexible fibers assembled 3D porous networked ceramic fiber aerogels (CFAs) are developed to overcome the brittleness of traditional ceramic particle aerogels. However, existing CFAs with disordered and quasi‐ordered structures fail to balance the relationship between flexibility, robustness, and thermal insulation. Creating novel architectural CFAs with an excellent combination of performances has proven extremely challenging. In this paper, a novel strategy is adopted to fabricate porous mullite fibrous aerogels (MFAs) with ordered structures by combining fiber sedimentation and electric field‐induced fiber alignment techniques. For the first time, electric field‐induced alignment of ceramic fibers is utilized to prepare bulk aerogels on a large scale. The resulting MFAs exhibit ultra‐low high‐temperature thermal conductivity of 0.0830 W m−1 K−1 at 1000 °C, anisotropic mechanical and sound absorption performances, and multifunctionality in terms of the combination of thermal insulation, sound absorption, and hydrophobicity. The successful synthesis of such fascinating materials may provide new insights into the design and development of multifunctional CFAs for various applications.
Constructing Bionic Perovskite Smart Photovoltaic Windows with Switchable Colors and High Cycling Stability
Authors: Xin Yi , Zou Shengwen , Jin Jinlong , Liu Guangxin , Yan Xiaojun , Huang Jianmei
Published: October 2024

Smart photovoltaic windows (SPWs) provide a high‐efficiency and energy‐saving strategy owing to the dual capabilities of electricity generation and sunlight modulation achieved by tunable colors and transmittances. Due to the deterioration of chromic process on photovoltaic layers, SPWs usually suffer from poor cycling stability. Moreover, thermochromic SPWs with a multilayer structure usually change transmittance without reversible color transitions. To address these issues, inspired by chameleon skin, bionic SPWs are designed and constructed by integrating hydrogel, CsPbBr3 semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs), and transparent polymer film. The SPWs realize reversible transitions between transparent green (25 °C) and opaque yellow (45 °C) states in a short duration (2 min) under natural conditions. By optimizing perovskite film and ultrathin‐metal electrodes, CsPbBr3 ST‐PSCs achieve a good trade‐off between transmittance and efficiency, delivering the highest photovoltaic efficiency (8.35%) and a record light utilization efficiency (4.43). Ultimately, the multilayer SPWs maintain stable optical properties and more than 88% initial conversion efficiency after 100 transition cycles, presenting excellent cycling stability. This study proposes a novel approach and device structure for SPWs with high cycling stability, switchable colors, and switchable transmittances. It also paves the way for smart photovoltaic deployment in buildings and many other fields.
Building Cobalt‐Nickel Diatomic Sites as Oxygenophilic ORR Catalyst with Strong Cl−‐Corrosion Resistance for Seawater Batteries
Authors: Lu Junda , Hong Chao , Li Guoyang , Zheng Xuerong , Yin Zexiang , Zhang Jinfeng , Dong Yan , Wang Haozhi , Wang Yang , Deng Yida
Published: October 2024

The seawater battery (SWB) holds great potential as the next‐generation energy supply system for marine electrical equipment. However, its efficiency and durability are hindered by low oxygen concentration and harmful Cl− adsorption and corrosion in seawater. Herein, a host‐guest strategy is developed to fabricate diatomic catalysts with adjacent Co and Ni sites on nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoNi‐DAC), where Co and Ni atoms are each coordinated to three nitrogen atoms. Theoretical calculations and in situ characterization reveal that the synchronized reduction of Co and Ni valence states enhances ORR kinetics by optimizing the O2 adsorption energy barrier, facilitating direct O─O bond cleavage and preventing *OOH intermediate formation. This electronic modulation enhances oxygenophilicity and Cl− corrosion resistance. The Co/Ni diatomic sites synergistically improve ORR catalytic activity, achieving a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.79 V and exceptional long‐term durability of nearly 700 h in natural seawater. The assembled SWB with CoNi‐DAC coated carbon brush electrode attains a peak power density of 3.3 W L−1. This work offers valuable insights into the design and development of advanced ORR electrocatalysts for natural seawater environments.
Analysis of Software Developers' Programming Language Preferences and Community Behavior From Big5 Personality Traits
Authors: Mukta Md. Saddam Hossain , Antu Badrun Nessa , Azad Nasreen , Abedeen Iftekharul , Islam Najmul
Published: October 2024

Many programming languages and technologies have appeared for the purpose of software development. When choosing a programming language, the developers' cognitive attributes, such as the Big5 personality traits (BPT), may play a role. The developers' personality traits can be reflected in their social media content (e.g., tweets, statuses, Q&A, reputation). In this article, we predict the developers' programming language preferences (i.e., the pattern of picking up a language) from their BPT derived from their content produced on social media. We randomly collected data from a total of 820 Twitter (currently X) and Stack Overflow (SO) users. Then, we collected user features (i.e., BPT, word embedding of tweets) from Twitter and programming preferences (i.e., programming tags, reputation, question, answer) from SO. We applied various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to predict their programming language preferences from their BPT. We also investigated other interesting insights, such as how reputation and question‐asking/replying are associated with the users' BPT. The findings suggest that developers with high openness, conscientiousness,
and extraversion are inclined to mobile applications, object‐oriented programming, and web programming, respectively. Furthermore, developers with high openness and conscientiousness
traits have a high reputation in the SO community. Our ML and DL techniques classify the developers' programming language preferences using their BPT with an average accuracy of 78%.
Genome‐wide association studies in a diverse strawberry collection unveil loci controlling agronomic and fruit quality traits
Authors: Muñoz Pilar , Roldán‐Guerra Francisco Javier , Verma Sujeet , Ruiz‐Velázquez Mario , Torreblanca Rocío , Oiza Nicolás , Castillejo Cristina , Sánchez‐Sevilla José F. , Amaya Iraida
Published: October 2024

Strawberries (Fragaria sp.) are cherished for their organoleptic properties and nutritional value. However, breeding new cultivars involves the simultaneous selection of many agronomic and fruit quality traits, including fruit firmness and extended postharvest life. The strawberry germplasm collection here studied exhibited extensive phenotypic variation in 26 agronomic and fruit quality traits across three consecutive seasons. Phenotypic correlations and principal component analysis revealed relationships among traits and accessions, emphasizing the impact of plant breeding on fruit weight and firmness to the detriment of sugar or vitamin C content. Genetic diversity analysis on 124 accessions using 44,408 markers denoted a population structure divided into six subpopulations still retaining considerable diversity. Genome‐wide association studies for the 26 traits unveiled 121 significant marker‐trait associations distributed across 95 quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Multiple associations were detected for fruit firmness, a key breeding target, including a prominent locus on chromosome 6A. The candidate gene FaPG1, controlling fruit softening and postharvest shelf life, was identified within this QTL region. Differential expression of FaPG1 confirmed its role as the primary contributor to natural variation in fruit firmness. A kompetitive allele‐specific PCR assay based on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) AX‐184242253, associated with the 6A QTL, predicts a substantial increase in fruit firmness, validating its utility for marker‐assisted selection. In essence, this comprehensive study provides insights into the phenotypic and genetic landscape of the strawberry collection and lays a robust foundation for propelling the development of superior strawberry cultivars through precision breeding.
Teacher Use of Generative AI for Read‐Aloud Question Prompts
Authors: Yang Shuling , Trainin Guy , Appleget Carin
Published: October 2024

The advent of Generative AI technologies, such as ChatGPT, in November 2022, necessitated immediate and critical attention from the educational research community. The impact of GenAI in education, though not yet clear, has the potential to be transformative. More specifically, the focus of this paper is on how to integrate GenAI into elementary literacy education. We, as teacher educators, aim to showcase how to prompt ChatGPT to generate high‐quality questions during a read‐aloud. We discuss the easy access teachers have to GenAI tools and stress the pivotal role they have in decision‐making. We encourage teachers to explore, learn, and understand how to work with GenAI tools to get the most out of it and thus facilitate their agency, teaching, and learning.
Antiviral Activity of Plant‐Based Additives Against African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Feed Ingredients
Authors: Lai Thi Ngoc Ha , Trinh Thi Bich Ngoc , Than Thi Tam , Mai Nguyen Tuan Anh , Biuki Niku Moussavi , Eckel Bernhard , Eckel Viktor P. L. , Nguyen Thi Lan , Le Van Phan
Published: October 2024

Background

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the deadliest swine diseases with haemorrhagic symptoms and a high mortality rate. Plant‐derived additives are potential antiviral agents against viruses due to their environmental and user‐friendly properties.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of plant‐based additives (Phyto.A04 and Phyto.B) compared to an organic acid blend (OAB) in inactivating ASF virus (ASFV) in cell culture and feed.

Methods

ASFV‐spiked feed was treated with individual or combined additives such as OAB, Phyto.A04 and Phyto.B. The viability of ASFV after treatment of ASFV‐spiked feed with additives was then confirmed by both methods, real‐time PCR and cell culture.

Results

The results of the in vitro test with cell cultures showed that all three additives (OAB, Phyto.A04 and Phyto.B) exerted a strong virucidal effect on ASFV in porcine alveolar macrophage cells. OAB at a concentration of 0.3% reduced the virus concentration from 4.48 log10 HAD50/mL after 1 day of treatment (day 1) to 3.29 log10 HAD50/mL after 3 days of treatment (day 3) and remained undetected after 7 days of treatment (day 7). In Phyto.A04 with 1%, the virus was only detectable on day 1 (3.53 log10 HAD50/mL). Phyto.B with 0.01% and 0.05% both showed good efficacy in completely inhibiting virus presence on days 3 and 7.

Conclusions

All additives, OAB, Phyto.A04 and Phyto.B, were able to inactivate ASFV in a dose‐dependent manner, as confirmed by cell culture and PCR methods. The combination of additives at different concentrations consistently improved the virucidal results.
The role of indigenous healers in treating surgical conditions in the rural Eastern Cape of South Africa
Authors: Sangana Neha , Rodi Paolo , Tshabalala Ntombekhaya , Bell Ethan , Mhlatyelwa Patheka , Miller Andrew , Mji Gubela , Chu Kathryn
Published: October 2024

Background

Indigenous knowledge healers (IKHs) provide alternative healthcare to formal health services in rural South Africa, but there is a gap in knowledge regarding their treatment of surgical conditions. This study evaluated IKH surgical care and described their perspective of the dual health system.

Methods

A cross sectional survey of IKHs in the Madwaleni Hospital catchment of the Eastern Cape, South Africa was conducted. Topics included the training and experience of IKHs, treatment of nine common surgical conditions, referral patterns, disease origin beliefs, benefits and limitations of care, and collaborative opportunities between the two health systems.

Results

Thirty‐five IKHs completed the survey. IKHs were consulted by persons with all nine surgical conditions. The most common forms of treatment were application of an ointment on the affected site (88%) and oral medication (82%). Operative treatment was only done for abscess. Referrals to the formal healthcare sector were made for all surgical conditions. IKHs reported that they were limited by their lack of training and resources to perform operations. On the other hand, they perceived the treatment of the spiritual aspect of surgical disease as a benefit of their care. Thirty‐five (100%) IKHs were interested in closer collaboration with the formal health sector.

Conclusion

IKHs treat surgical conditions but refer to the formal health sector when diagnostic and operative services are needed. More research is needed to determine the potential advantages and disadvantages between the formal health sector and IKH collaboration.
Tracing Different Types of Local Economic Benefits of RIs: The Case Study of LHC
Authors: Alix Leslie , Gutleber Johannes
Published: October 2024

CERN is operating the world’s largest particle accelerator complex in the world. The interconnection of versatile particle accelerators working with different particle beams at different intensities and energies continue to attract scientists and engineers from all over the world. The socio-economic effects generated by the presence of in the region are manifold. They include, but are not limited to consumer spending, real-estate investments and local business and services activities, investments in education, leisure activities and tourism, urban development and tax contributions. This chapter traces different local socio-economic effects of concentrating a large number of people around a research infrastructure.
The Regional Impact of Single-Site and Distributed Research Infrastructures Using the Example of DORIS and CTAO
Authors: Haid Stephan
Published: October 2024

Large-scale research facilities can take a number of forms including distributed research infrastructures, a network of distributed instruments that are geographically scattered, and single-sited research infrastructures but also virtual research infrastructures.
Thinking How to Define and Measure Impacts of RIs
Authors: Catalano Gelsomina
Published: October 2024

The potential of research infrastructures (RIs) to generate impacts beyond science is widely recognised by policy makers and funding agencies. Hence, the growing demand to be able to measure RIs impacts not only for research but for the society at large. The main challenges associated to this request deal with (i) the definition of RI’s impact, (ii) the identification of the variety of impacts which can be generated by RIs of different disciplines and of different types, (iii) measuring these impacts and (iv) exploring the way they are generated. This paper addresses these challenges by suggesting a possible roadmap to guide the conceptualisation and the measurement of impacts of a research infrastructure. Specifically, drawing from recent discussion on socio-economic impact assessments of RIs as well as practices of measurement of RI’s impacts, it highlights the variation of impacts which can be encountered across research infrastructures of different types and disciplines and points out to the challenges faced in measuring the different RI’s impacts.
Plenoptic Sensing Systems
Authors: Fang Lu
Published: October 2024

Plenoptic sensing systems are a type of camera that can capture the multidimensional information of the light field, e.g., capture both the light rays’ intensities and directions. This allows for reconstructing the high-dimensional light fields and supporting various post-capture features such as depth perception, refocusing, synthetic aperture, etc. As the widely used CMOS-based image sensor can only record the intensity of light rays, conventional camera cannot directly capture the multidimensional light field. To address this challenge, a variety of plenoptic sensing systems with specialized hardware and algorithms have been proposed.
High-Resolution Plenoptic Sensing
Authors: Fang Lu
Published: October 2024

The high-resolution plenoptic sensing system can capture light field with a high level of detail and clarity. Resolution refers to the amount of detail that can be discerned in the reconstructed image or light field. The cutting edge of high-resolution plenoptic sensing is gigapixel plenoptic sensing, specifically refers to a system capable of capturing images with billions of pixels, resulting in extremely high-resolution light field.
Research and Application of Balanced Rise of Concrete High Arch Dam
Authors: Junhong Zhang
Published: October 2024

In the construction of domestic concrete high arch dams, there have been varying degrees of situations where the height difference between adjacent dam sections and the entire dam exceeds the design indicators. Due to the complex structure, large scale, high temperature control requirements for the dam body concrete, strict control requirements for the height difference between adjacent dam sections and the entire dam body, and complex boundary conditions, the rising speed of the bank slope dam section, non-orifice dam section, and orifice dam section is not consistent during the construction process, resulting in uneven rise of the dam concrete construction. In response to this situation, the resources need to be fully considered according to the simulated schedule of dam concrete construction. In this research, the finite element, PKPM and other software were used to study technical measures for rapid rise of the bank slope dam section and orifice dam section, and achieved the goal of balanced rise of the Baihetan concrete arch dam.
Assimilating FY-4A AGRI Data Based on a WRF-GSI NWP System and Its Impact on Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Jian Chen , Dengyu Yang , Jianping Wang , Nianhong Cao , Zhaokang Tang
Published: October 2024

Hydropower and renewable energy prediction require accurate precipitation forecast as fundamental, which is computed from Numerical Weather Forecast (NWP) models. Assimilating satellite data has become an important method to improve NWP model results, especially geostationary meteorological satellites (GMS) that can provide continuous observation information of weather systems. The Advanced Geostationary Radiance Imager (AGRI) onboard China’s new generation GMS, FY-4A, can provide observations of temperature and water vapor covering the land and surrounding sea areas. Using a newly established WRF-GSI NWP system, this paper analyzes the impact of AGRI data assimilation on several precipitation case forecasts in China. First, channel selection of AGRI data, along with data thinning and observation error adjustment are performed. Then, four experiments of precipitation case forecasts are conducted and compared with each other. The results show that the influence of assimilating conventional data is mainly located in the inland area of China, while AGRI data can provide more observation information in the offshore ocean area. AGRI data assimilation can significantly improve the accuracy of atmospheric temperature and water vapor at a height of 500 hPa in the coastal area of the model, which further enhanced precipitation forecasts. The improvement of ETS score for heavy precipitation is most obvious, the biggest improvement can be up to 60% in the 15 July 2021 case, indicating the addition of AGRI data can ensure the improvement of the ETS scores of heavy precipitation that larger than 50 mm. The results prove that the AGRI data has added value to precipitation forecasts in the WRF-GSI NWP system, the improved forecast accuracy has great potential on hydrological forecasts, supporting the development of related hydropower applications.
Role of the Hydro-Solar Hybrid Operation Mode in the Novel Power System
Authors: Du Haibo , Li Hongyong , Liu Kai , Chen Ruixian , Cao Ying
Published: October 2024

Currently, photovoltaic technology is rapidly advancing, and competition in the industry is becoming increasingly intense. The decreasing prices of silicon wafers and modules have led to a growing demand for photovoltaic installations. The installed capacity and installed share of photovoltaics in power systems are increasing, promoting the transformation of traditional power systems to novel power systems; this maximizes the consumption of new energy as the main task and is supported by source-network-load-storage interactions and multi-energy complementation. Using the Manwan hydro-solar hybrid base as a model, the role of hydro-solar hybrids in source-network-load-storage interactions and multi-energy complementation in novel power systems are discussed.
Numerical Analysis Calculations of Ductile Concrete Gravity Dams Under Seismic Action
Authors: Fang Wei , He Jingjing , Yu Yang , Hao Rusheng , Guo Yan
Published: October 2024

Finite element analysis was conducted on the stress, vertical displacement, and horizontal displacement of ordinary concrete and ductile concrete gravity dams under different working conditions. The results show that: with the decrease of the height of the dam, the stresses on the two concrete dams gradually increase, and the vertical displacements show a decreasing trend during the operation period. Under the effect of earthquakes, the maximum stress of the two kinds of concrete gravity dams appears at the weak point of the dam body. The maximum stress of the normal water level and the falling water level of the ordinary concrete dam reach 9.91 MPa and 9.85 MPa respectively. The maximum stress of two types of concrete dams under seismic conditions is approximately 4 times that of the operation period. Under different working conditions, the maximum stress and displacement of the ordinary concrete are always smaller than that of ductile concrete.
Analysis of Meteorological Situation in Different Regions and Its Impact on Power Generation of Different Types of Solar Modules
Authors: He Fengqin , Yang Qi , Ding Xuelin , Lei Weniun
Published: October 2024

This paper starts from the key factors affecting photovoltaic power generation and first studies the lighting characteristics of different regions. It then conducts an analysis of the characteristics of the massive spectral data collected, determines the extraction method of spectral data, and calculates the difference in short-circuit current of photovoltaic modules due to spectral differences for specific regions. This has guiding significance for further research on the differences in the operation of novel and efficient photovoltaic modules in different regions.
Comparison of Ecological Value Before and After the Construction of Hydraulic Engineering Projects: A Case Study of Lianhu Reservoir
Authors: Qu Zelong , Li Jianfeng , Yang Guofu
Published: October 2024

Hydraulic engineering projects provide essential functions and services, including flood regulation, hydroelectric power generation, and agricultural irrigation. Additionally, they offer benefits such as navigation, water purification, recreational opportunities, and biodiversity maintenance for upstream and downstream regions. To comprehensively describe the overall functioning of hydraulic engineering as an ecosystem, evaluate its contributions to human well-being, assess its support for economic and social development, and understand its ecological linkages across regions, it is essential to scientifically account for the comprehensive benefits of these projects. This study uses the Lianhu Reservoir in Lishui, Zhejiang Province, as a case study to assess the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) before and after the construction of the hydraulic engineering project. The results show that before the construction of the Lianhu Reservoir (in 2021), the total GEP within the construction area was 206 million yuan. The value of regulating services was 197 million yuan, accounting for 95.6% of the total GEP, with climate regulation and flood control contributing 175 million yuan and 21 million yuan, respectively. The value of provisioning services was 9.06 million yuan, accounting for 4.4% of the total GEP. After the construction of the Lianhu Reservoir, the total GEP within the construction area increased to 1.42 billion yuan. The value of regulating services was 781 million yuan, accounting for 55.0% of the total GEP, with flood control and climate regulation contributing 480 million yuan and 297 million yuan, respectively. The value of cultural services was 498 million yuan, accounting for 35.1% of the total GEP, while the value of provisioning services was 141 million yuan, accounting for 9.9% of the total GEP. The results indicate that compared to the pre-construction period, the GEP after the construction of the Lianhu Reservoir increased by 1.21 billion yuan, representing a 588% increase. Except for the services of agricultural product supply, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, and air purification, all other service items were enhanced.
Research on the Deflection Deformation of Photovoltaic Modules Caused by Low-Temperature Environment
Authors: Chunxing Lian , Shusheng Wang , Zhenyu Sun
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary study on the flexural deformation of photovoltaic modules in low-temperature environments. By analyzing the characteristics and influencing mechanisms of flexural deformation, theoretical basis and technical guidance are provided for the design, manufacturing, and application of photovoltaic modules, and the performance and reliability of photovoltaic modules in low-temperature environments are improved. We have developed a warping deformation testing plan for photovoltaic modules under different temperature environments using a true type test method, and measured and analyzed the warping deformation of photovoltaic modules under different temperature environments. The results indicate that low-temperature environment is the main cause of deflection deformation of photovoltaic modules, and the strength of the frame structure and materials also have a certain impact on the degree of deformation. This study can provide assurance for the long-term operation of photovoltaic modules, reduce maintenance costs and failure rates of photovoltaic systems.