bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cohort study protocol: Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID)
Authors: Shallcross Laura J. , Mentzer Alexander , Rahman Saadia , Cooke Graham S. , Sriskandan Shiranee , Noursadeghi Mahdad
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Infectious diseases have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in hospital. Microbial diagnosis remains elusive for most cases of suspected infection which impacts on the use of antibiotics. Rapid advances in genomic technologies combined with high-quality phenotypic data have great potential to improve the diagnosis, management and clinical outcomes of infectious diseases.  The aim of the Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID) is to provide a platform for biomarker discovery, trials and clinical service developments in the field of infectious diseases, by establishing a registry linking clinical phenotype to microbial and biological samples in adult patients who attend hospital with suspected infection.

Methods and analysis: BioAID is a cohort study which employs deferred consent to obtain an additional 2.5mL RNA blood sample from patients who attend the Emergency Department (ED) with suspected infection when they undergo peripheral blood culture sampling.  Clinical data and additional biological samples including DNA, serum and microbial isolates are obtained from BioAID participants during hospital admission.  Participants are also asked to consent to be recalled for future studies. BioAID aims to recruit 10,000 patients from 5-8 sites across England.  Since February 2014 >4000 individuals have been recruited to the study.  The final cohort will be characterised using descriptive statistics including information on the number of cases that can be linked to biological and microbial samples to support future research studies. Ethical approval and section 251 exemption have been obtained for BioAID researchers to seek deferred consent from patients from whom a RNA specimen has been collected. Samples and meta-data obtained through BioAID will be made available to researchers worldwide following submission of an application form and research protocol.  

Conclusions: BioAID will support a range of study designs spanning discovery science, biomarker validation, disease pathogenesis and epidemiological analyses of clinical infection syndromes.
A Probability Model for Strategic Bidding on “The Price Is Right”
Authors: Kvam Paul H.
Published: August 2018

The TV game show “The Price is Right” features a bidding auction called “Contestants’ Row” that rewards the player (out of 4) who bids closest to an item’s value, without overbidding. This paper considers ways in which players can maximize a winning probability based on the player's bidding order. We consider marginal strategies in which players assume opponents are bidding individually perceived values of the merchandise. Based on preceding bids of others, players have information available to create strategies. We consider conditional strategies in which players adjust bids knowing other players are using strategies. The last bidder has a large advantage in both scenarios because of receiving the most information from opposing players and being able to bid the minimal amount over an opponent’s bid without incurring extra risk. Finally, we measure how confidence can affect a player’s winning probability.
Action learning can support leadership development for undergraduate and postgraduate nurses
Authors: James Alison H
Published: August 2018

Leadership skills are embedded in the undergraduate nursing curriculum and are essential for post-registration nurses. One way to support the development of these skills is to use the action learning and critical action learning approaches, which can be implemented in both the academic environment and the clinical setting. The process of action learning promotes collaborative multidisciplinary working and affords time for reflection and professional development, in turn supporting the process of applying for revalidation. Developing a nursing workforce with a high level of emotional intelligence can support decision-making, resilience and build confidence. These qualities are crucial not only for delivering safe patient care and promoting innovation in quality improvement, but are essential for personal development and individual career progression.
Recognition and nursing management of reflex anoxic seizures in children
Authors: Fenton-Jones Mary Grace , Venkata Nagendra Kumar Pasupulety , Smith Penny , Lobban Trudie C , Paul Siba Prosad
Published: August 2018

Reflex anoxic seizures (RAS) present with a transient loss of consciousness and are triggered by an unexpected stimuli. These are paroxysmal, short-lived episodes of pronounced bradycardia or transient asystole; the episodes are self-limiting, lasting between 15 seconds and 1 minute. RAS are an important differential diagnosis of transient loss of consciousness but they are commonly misdiagnosed as epileptic events. An accurate and focused history is key to the diagnosis. They are mostly managed by performing an ECG to rule out other causes of arrhythmia, with subsequent explanation of the condition and reassurance given to parents. Nurses play an important role in eliciting the history and providing support to parents following the diagnosis. This article addresses the epidemiology and pathophysiology of RAS, with suggestions for management. An illustrative case study is included to highlight some of the challenges that health professionals working in different clinical set-ups are likely to come across while managing a child with RAS.
Assessing knowledge of wound care among cardiothoracic nurses
Authors: Moran Nicola , Byrne Gobnait
Published: August 2018

Aims:

to explore cardiothoracic nurses' knowledge and self-reported competence of wound care following cardiac surgery and to ascertain if there were any differences in knowledge between nurses working in public and private hospitals.

Background:

cardiothoracic nurses are the main providers of wound care for patients post cardiac surgery, however, there is a lack of research about their knowledge of wound care.

Design:

a descriptive, quantitative design was used in the form of a cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire.

Method:

the questionnaire was developed to ascertain nurses' knowledge of cardiac wound management. Census sampling was used and the questionnaire was distributed to 503 nurses in 6 hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. Total knowledge scores were calculated and data analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

the response rate was 31.2% (n=158). The main knowledge deficits identified were wound healing, the signs and symptoms of surgical site infection and cardiac-specific wound care. Some nurses reported using inappropriate products for cleansing wounds and variable time for initial postoperative dressing removal.

Conclusion:

the combination of low total knowledge scores and requests for further training and education suggest the need for ongoing wound care education. Audit of the use of wound cleansing products, support bras and wound assessment charts is recommended.
Children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The nurse's role
Authors: Ryan Noreen , McDougall Tim
Published: August 2018

The recently updated National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) emphasises the need for psychoeducation as part of ongoing assessment, treatment and management. This article will discuss the implications for supporting children and young people with ADHD and the vital roles that nurses can play during assessment and treatment.
Islam's Loneliest Cosmopolitan: Badr Al-Din Hai Weiliang, the Lucknow–Cairo Connection, and the Circumscription of Islamic Transnationalism
Authors: John Chen
Published: August 2018

Badr al-Din Hai Weiliang (1912–?), a Chinese Muslim from rural Hunan, led a deeply transnational life. Hai was the only Chinese Muslim known to have studied in both India and Egypt in the modern period, spending considerable time at both the Nadwat al-‘Ulama in Lucknow and al-Azhar in Cairo. After Chinese, he learned four more languages in two decades: Arabic, Urdu, English, and Persian. While the Second World War transformed him into a longtime Guomindang diplomat, his time at the Nadwa and al-Azhar in the 1930s was largely devoted to questions of Islamic unity. Hai first pursued these questions in a doctrinal mode informed by Salafi currents, then in a political mode influenced by his translation of Iqbal’s “Allahabad address.” His move to Cairo brought him closer to the network ofal-Fathand its editor Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib, a strong voice on behalf of Islamic unity, but geopolitics soon intervened. Disillusioned by the failure of the East Turkistan Republic, Hai coped by turning toward a cultural-historical mode of imagining Islamic unity, one that did not require specific political action. The eventual result was his Arabic-language opusRelations between the Arabs and China. Overall, Hai’s story defies both Sino-centric and peripheralized characterizations of Chinese Islam, showing that early-twentieth-century Chinese Islam can be used to write a highly integrated history of the Islamic world. This article contrasts Hai’s numerous Arabic and Chinese writings to show how he embodied the tensions felt across the Islamic world during this period between the national and transnational community.
Polytype Identification in Trioctahedral 1:1 Layer Silicates Using Electron Diffraction with Application to a Chronstedtite That was Synthesized Using Metallic Iron-Clay Interactions
Authors: Hybler Jiří , Klementová Mariana , Jarošová Markéta , Pignatelli Isabella , Mosser-Ruck Régine , Ďurovič Slavomil
Published: August 2018

The present study presents a generalized procedure to accurately identify trioctahedral 1:1 layer silicates. The reciprocal space (RS) sections were obtained by the precession method by “unwarping” frames that were recorded using diffractometers with area detectors or from electron diffraction tomography (EDT) patterns. Distributions of subfamily reflections along the reciprocal lattice rows [21̄l]* / [11l]* / [1̄2l]* in (2hh̄lhex)* / (hhlhex)* / (h̄2hlhex)* RS planes were used to determine OD (Ordered — Disordered) subfamilies (Bailey’s groups A, B, C, D). The distributions along the [10l]* / [01l]* / [1̄1l]* rows in the (h0lhex)* / (0klhex)* / (h̄hlhex) RS planes allow determination of the polytypes. The use of traditional identification diagrams for the determination of OD subfamilies and polytypes was generalized in order to identify monoclinic and orthorhombic MDO (Maximum Degree of Order) polytypes. In these polytypes, the distribution of characteristic reflections along rows is different in RS sections that are perpendicular and diagonal to the symmetry plane of the polytype. The identification diagram of non-MDO polytype 6T2 is also presented. The method was applied to the identification of single crystals of cronstedtite that were synthesized during interactions of Fe metal with a natural claystone during experiments over a temperature range of 90-60°C. Conical and pyramidal crystals with a maximum size of a few micrometers were studied using electron diffraction tomography (EDT). The following polytypes were identified: 1M, 2M1, an apparently ninetuple polytype that was interpreted as triclinic 3A (group A), 1T (group C), and disordered crystals of group D. The 1M polytype was the most abundant. Some 1M crystals were twinned by reticular merohedry with a 120° rotation along the chex axis as the twin operation. The 2M1 occurred as isolated crystals as well as in mixed crystals. Intergrown 1T and 1M polytypes of the C and A group, respectively, were identified in one mixed crystal. The possible stacking sequence and the 3A polytype identification diagram was presented and discussed. Example RS sections of all polytypes were identified and demonstrated.
Iron-Pillared Montmorillonite As An Inexpensive Catalyst For 2-Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Wu Honghai , Song Zhenhao , Lv Meixiang , Zhao Dan , He Guangping
Published: August 2018

Many types of oxidative pollutants are dangerous chemicals and may pose a health risk, but an inexpensive and effective method for mitigating those risks would offer significant advantages. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate the potential for Fe-pillared montmorillonite to fill that gap. Surface mediated reduction reactions by ferrous species often play an important role in governing the transport, transformation, and fate of hazardous oxidative contaminants. Compared to the untreated montmorillonite (Mnt), the synthetic polyhydroxyl-Fe pillared montmorillonite (Fe-Mnt) was found to be somewhat similar to goethite in promoting the ability of specifically adsorbed Fe(II) to reductively transform 2-nitrophenol (2-NP). The 2-NP was efficiently removed within 30 min from solutions at the optimum neutral pH in a mixed reduction system of Fe(II)/Fe-Mnt under an anoxic atmosphere. This demonstrated that the specifically adsorbed Fe(II) of Fe-Mnt can enhance 2-NP reduction. The highly enhanced 2-NP reduction by Fe(II) through Fe-Mnt surface catalysis can, therefore, be ascribed to clearly increased amounts of an adsorbed Fe(II) species surface complex, which gave rise to enhanced Fe(II) reductive activity that enabled the rapid reduction of 2-NP. The reduction processes produced a faster transformation of 2-NP in a Fe-Mnt suspension than in a Mnt suspension. The transformation kinetics were described using pseudo-first-order rate equations. Moreover, in addition to the effects of mineral surface properties, the interactions were affected by the aqueous chemistry, and the removal rates of 2-NP were increased at pHs of 6.0–7.3. In the present study, the structure and surface reactivity of Fe-Mnt was characterized in depth. The polyhydroxyl-Fe added to Mnt and the pH were determined to be the two key controlling factors to mediate the reductive transformation of 2-NP in the presence of Fe-Mnt in comparison to goethite and Mnt. Finally, the catalysis mechanism responsible for the enhanced 2-NP reduction by Fe(II) was elucidated using cyclic voltammetry.
Potential Oxidative Treatment Using Pb-PbO2 Electrode in Electrodecolorizing Batik Wastewater
Authors: Widodo Didik Setiyo , Nuryanto Rahmad , Haris Abdul , Dewi Prihastuti Santini Laksmi , Apipah Lutfia
Published: August 2018

Electrodecolorization of batik wastewater has been done. Study was performed to remediate aquatic environment containing dyes of batik industry by electrolysis, decreasing COD and some metal ions as well. Research was conducted by electrolyzing sample from Buaran Pekalongan and Semarang using Pb and PbO2 as electrodes at a constant applied potential. Solution after treating were analysed, zeolite sieving treatment, and final analysis by UV-Vis spectrophotometer for measuring decolorization percentages, atomic absorption spectrophotometerer (AAS) for evaluating metal ions of Cu2+, total Fe and Na+, and COD analysis. Results show that electrolysis of batik wastewater using PbO2 as anode effectively decolorize and decreasing COD values. Sample containing indigozol and remazol black B (RBB) were decolorized up to 100%. CODs were reduced to 98.6% and 95.4%, respectively. Zeolite treatment enhancing water quality by reducing ion concentration of Cu2+, total Fe ions and Na+.
Pemodelan Sistem Kontrol Exhaust Fan Ter-Integrasi Gas Detector CO Pada Kamar Pompa (Pump Room) Kapal Tanker
Authors: Ferdiansyah Indra , Dirhamsyah D , Ardiansyah A
Published: August 2018

Udara bersih dalam sebuah ruangan tertutup menjadi hal penting yang harus diperhatikan. Terutama terhadap aktifitas yang akan dilakukan di dalam ruangan tersebut. Seperti halnya dalam sebuah kamar pompa pada kapal tanker minyak perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus. Pompa yang digunakan untuk memidahkan cairan ke suatu tempat tertentu yang memungkinkan terjadi kebocoran sehingga mengakibatkan udara dalam ruangan tersebut terkomtaminasi kandungan gas yang membahayakan. Exhaust fan dengan type ceiling mount menjadi alternatif  yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan sirkulasi udara bersih dengan membuang udara kotor dalam ruangan tersebut. Dengan mengintegrasikan sebuah sensor gas TGS 2600 menjadikan sistem ini sebagai alat bantu keamanan untuk orang yang melakukan aktifitas didalam ruangan kamar pompa. Prinsip kerja dari sistem ini, ketika sensor gas mendeteksi kandungana gas berbahaya maka akan mengintrusikan kontroler untuk menyalakan exhaust fan dan lampu indikator sebagai visualisai keadaan kandungan gas didalam ruangan, semakin tinggi kandungan gasnya semakin terang nyala lampunya sedangkana apabila kandungan gas sudah hilang maka lampu akan redup dan exhaust fan akan mati begitu seterusnya dilakukan secara kontinyu.
Perancangan Kendali Manuver Untuk Menghindari Tabrakan Pada Kapal Patroli Cepat Berbasis Pengujian Model
Authors: Priohutomo Kusnindar , Masroeri A.A. , Permana Chandra
Published: August 2018

Kendali manuver kapal untuk menghindari tabrakan menjadi masalah penting pada sebagian besar sistem transportasi kapal. Banyak kajian yang dilakukan agar kapal dapat terhindar dari tabrakan. Tetapi semuanya menggunakan pendekatan numerik. Pendekatan numerik memiliki kelemahan yaitu nilai yang diperoleh adalah nilai hampiran dan bukan nilai exact. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kajian kendali manuver kapal menggunakan pendekatan pengujian skala model. Pada paper ini akan dibahas perancangan kendali manuver yang akan digunakan pada model kapal untuk menghindarkan kapal dari tabrakan. Dimana didalam sistem kendali tersebut terdapat beberapa sensor, antara lain sensor ultrasonic, sensor gyro dan kamera Qualysis. Pengujian dilakukan di kolam Manuvering Ocean Basin milik Balai Teknologi Hidrodinamika (d/h LHI), BPP. Teknologi. Model kapal yang digunakan adalah kapal patroli cepat (fast patrol boat). Halangan yang dipasang berjumlah 1 dan dalam posisi diam. Dari pengujian model kapal yang dilakukan, perancangan kendali manuver terbukti mampu menghindarkan kapal dari terjadinya tabrakan. Jarak minimum kapal dan halangan pada jarak tabrakan 250 m sebesar 88,25 m, pada jarak tabrakan 200 m sebesar 47,33 m sedangkan pada jarak tabrakan 150 m sebesar 12,75 m.
Überwundern – überwilden
Authors: Müller Jan-Dirk
Published: August 2018

The poetical theory of Konrad von Würzburg very often is regarded as a medieval anticipation of modern aesthetics. The article, however, tries to describe in an analysis of the ›Goldene Schmiede‹ and the ›Trojanerkrieg‹ how Konrad in fact goes beyond the poetics and rhetorics of his time, but that he still presupposes that aesthetic values are inferior to religious and moral norms.
Changing activity in the construction sector in selected states 2003-2012
Authors: Wolski Rafał , Załęczna Magdalena
Published: August 2018

Construction companies are important economic actors in every country. Their activity translates into employment levels, tax revenues, and the provision of new spaces that require further expenditure on equipment, thus stimulating consumer spending. The activity of construction companies depends on the demand for space, the state of the economy and the financial market. Undoubtedly economic disturbances in the form of a recession have a significant impact on construction activity. The authors were interested in whether the boom and recession in the selected countries were similarly reflected in the activity of construction companies. In particular, they were interested in residential construction activity, although it was not possible to select companies that would only deal with residential construction. The authors selected four post-socialist countries and two countries which are called winners of the integration process due to their enormous economic growth. The authors outline the residential construction and construction sector results and activity in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Spain and Ireland, and draw a wider picture for analyses of construction companies’ financial results for the years 2003-2012. This period was chosen because it covered periods of both boom and bust. All enterprises were part of the sector denoted in the Amadeus database as primary code: Eurostat NACE Rev. 2 with codes: 41 - Construction of buildings: 4110 - Development of building projects, 4120 - Construction of residential and non-residential buildings. Due to the specificity of the construction sector the authors divided the surveyed enterprises into two groups – all companies; and only large and very large companies. It was not possible to separate data specifically with respect to residential construction companies.
Trade credit: a benefit to get, a “must” to give? Motives behind trade credit use in Poland
Authors: Ciżkowicz-Pękała Magda
Published: August 2018

The paper analyses the motives behind trade use credit in the Polish enterprise sector, based on the results of the 2016 NBP Annual Survey. It verifies the conclusions stemming from trade credit theories regarding both the main motives driving supply and demand for trade credit, as well as explaining the variation in their relevance across companies. The analysis shows that trade credit supply in Poland is driven to a large extent by suppliers’ desire to win and maintain their customers: allowing deferred payments creates attractive terms of sale and is often a requirement set by clients with strong bargaining power. These results indicate high willingness of customers to settle their payments on a deferred basis, which could mirror an important fact uncovered by the survey: contrary to the assumptions made in many theories, trade credit proves to be a relatively cheap form of financing for the majority of the surveyed firms. As a consequence, trade credit could be perceived by firms as an attractive, standard tool used in day-to-day business rather than an expensive form of financing used only to address specific problems or achieve other benefits that would outweigh its high costs. Survey results provide some confirmation for this explanation of trade credit demand.
Threshold Theory – modelling risk attitude
Authors: Kasprowicz Tomasz , Bednorz Andrzej
Published: August 2018

In this paper we offer an alternative framework for examining why risk matters in the decisions of economic agents, and how the agent’s risk attitude affects his decisions. This “Threshold Theory” framework is based on a real options approach and the observation that in many situations an agent faces one or more thresholds in the payoff function. These thresholds influence the agent’s risk attitude. The theory’s predictions help to explain many anomalies that the standard expected utility model cannot. Threshold Theory can also model behavior in contexts such as individual investor decisions, corporate governance and other agency problems. Further, we examine CEO decisions as a function of time to the CEO’s retirement to test predictions of the Theory.
Effect of the presence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate of lead during the exposition with paper packaging materials
Authors: Strachotová K. Ch. , Kouřil M.
Published: August 2018

High sensitivity of lead to organic compounds leads to degradation of historical lead objects stored in the depositories of museums or archives. High concentration of organic compounds in the atmosphere of depositories is caused by degradation of organic materials (wood, glue, leather, paper). Organic materials are stored together with lead objects or they are used as a packaging material. This study was aimed on the influence of packaging material properties to aggressiveness towards lead with different state of surface by the resistometric method. The results showed that aggressiveness of packaging material is determined by a complex influence of material properties. The presence of corrosion products on the lead surface significantly increases its sensitivity to organic compounds.
Missing men, missing infertility: The enactment of sex/gender in surveys in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Fledderjohann Jasmine , Roberts Celia
Published: August 2018

Although reproduction involves (at least) two sexed bodies, men are often missing from in/fertility research. Surveys such as the widely-used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) engage in often unintentional yet highly consequential practices of gendering. Here we identify two processes through which surveys have the potential to render male infertility invisible: defining the population at risk of infertility in an exclusionary way; and designing survey instruments to select out some groups/issues. Compiling information about survey samples and inclusion criteria in the DHS, and combining this with a qualitative examination of instrument design, we identify areas of men’s invisibility across time and place. While inclusion of men in DHS samples has increased over time, some men (e.g. single and divorced, transgender) remain missing in many survey settings. This is problematic from a reproductive justice perspective. Survey results, which both reflect and contribute to men’s invisibility, are widely used as an evidence-base for family and population policies. Moreover, reproductive health services are only made available to those whose reproductive health needs are recognized; men’s exclusion from the reproductive discourse contributes to the stratification of reproduction. Men’s underrepresentation in in/fertility data also reinforces the notion that reproduction is a woman’s domain, and so contributes to a system that places responsibility for reproduction on women. It is vital to explore how gender is enacted or ‘done’ in such research.
Forests and pattern-avoiding permutations modulo pure descents
Authors: Baril Jean-Luc , Kirgizov Sergey , Petrossian Armen
Published: August 2018

We investigate an equivalence relation on permutations based on the pure descent statistic. Generating functions are given for the number of equivalence classes for the set of all permutations, and the sets of permutations avoiding exactly one pattern of length three. As a byproduct, we exhibit a permutation set in one-to-one correspondence with forests of ordered binary trees, which provides a new combinatorial class enumerated by the single-source directed animals on the square lattice. Furthermore, bivariate generating functions for these sets are given according to various statistics.
Stochastic – advantages and uncertainties for subsurface geological mapping and volumetric or probability calculation
Authors: Malvić Tomislav
Published: August 2018

Stochastic, especially simulation, occasionally could be found in different geological calculations, mostly as the most advanced mapping method. Its main attribute is description of uncertainties that are inherent not only to any geological mapping dataset but also to any volumetric or probability calculation. Here are presented uncertainties in all three cases – mapping, volume calculation and probability calculation – and reasons why and when to use stochastic in them. The stochastic, and consequently simulation, is a recommended tool in case of a low number of data (<15 inputs) or large dataset (>40 inputs), but in both cases, the descriptive statistics needs to be known and is reliable. Almost the same could be applied in volumetric calculation, but the success of stochastic in probability calculation depends on large datasets, with 15 or more inputs.
Sub-surface mechanical properties and sub-surface creep behavior of wood-plastic composites reinforced by organoclay
Authors: Yadav Sumit Manohar , Yusoh Kamal Bin
Published: August 2018

Wood-plastic composites (WPC) were manufactured from polypropylene, wood flour, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and organoclay. The sub-surface mechanical properties and the sub-surface creep behavior of the organoclay-based WPC were examined by the nanoindentation technique. The results showed that the hardness, elastic modulus and creep resistance of the WPC enhanced with the loading of C20 organoclay. This enhancement was subject to the organoclay content and the dispersion of organoclay in the polymer matrix. The hardness, elastic modulus and creep resistance of WPC with 1 wt% organoclay content enhanced by approximately 36%, 41% and 17%, respectively, in contrast with WPC without organoclay. To study the impact of organoclay content on the creep performance of WPC, a viscoelastic model was actualized. The results demonstrated that the model was in good agreement with the experimental information. Reinforcement of organoclay prompts expansion in elastic deformation and instigates a higher initial displacement at the early stage of creep.
Effects of Loading Rate and Temperature on Cracking Resistance Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures Using Nonnotched Semicircular Bending Tests
Authors: Jiang Jiwang , Dong Qiao , Ni Fujian , Zhao Yanjing
Published: August 2018

In this study, the effects of loading rate and temperature on the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures under static loading were examined by a nonnotched, semicircle bending test. Twenty-four test conditions combined by eight loading rates (0.1, 0.75, 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 50, and 80 mm/min) and three temperatures (−10°C, 0°C, and 15°C) were selected to be conducted using one stone matrix asphalt mixture. Five cracking parameters, namely, peak force (Fmax), peak displacement (Dp), work of before-cracking (Wc), cracking failure displacement (Dcf), and work of cracking failure (Wcf), were proposed in order to evaluate the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. According to the results of this study, the cracking failure mode of asphalt mixtures can be divided into three conditions: brittle cracking, flexible damage, and fall in between. For the test condition of a higher loading rate and lower temperature, the cracking failure mode would be closer to brittle cracking. Both loading rate and temperature influence the test results of all cracking parameters in different ways. According to the statistical analysis, peak force is sensitive to loading rate, and the displacement and energy parameters are sensitive to temperature variation.
A City Embraces Its Past, Looks to the Future
Authors: Cooper Priscilla Hancock
Published: August 2018

The Birmingham Civil Rights Institute marks its twenty-fifth year as the focal point for the city’s civil rights district. Inspired by the vision of Mayor David Vann, it became a reality under the leadership of the Dr. Richard Arrington, the city’s first African American mayor. A team of committed community volunteers led the institute through thirteen years of development in spite of corporate skepticism and citizen resistance. BCRI evolved as a model for staff development, community engagement and leadership and is now a key partner in the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, a unit of the National Park Service established in 2017.
Increased susceptibility to OVX-associated metabolic dysfunction in UCP1-null mice
Authors: Clookey Stephanie L , Welly Rebecca J , Zidon Terese M , Gastecki Michelle L , Woodford Makenzie L , Grunewald Zachary I , Winn Nathan C , Eaton Dusti , Karasseva Natalia G , Sacks Harold S , Padilla Jaume , Vieira-Potter Victoria J
Published: August 2018

Premenopausal females are protected against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, until loss of ovarian hormone production (e.g., menopause). There is some evidence that females have greater brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic capacity. Because BAT mass correlates inversely with insulin resistance, we hypothesized that increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression contributes to the superior metabolic health of females. Given that UCP1 transiently increases in BAT following ovariectomy (OVX), we hypothesized that UCP1 may ‘buffer’ OVX-mediated metabolic dysfunction. Accordingly, female UCP1-knockout (KO) and WT mice received OVX or sham (SHM) surgeries at 12 weeks of age creating four groups (n = 10/group), which were followed for 14 weeks and compared for body weight and adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity (metabolic chambers), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, ADIPO-IR and glucose tolerance testing) and adipose tissue phenotype (histology, gene and protein expression). Two-way ANOVA was used to assess the main effects of genotype (G), OVX treatment (O) and genotype by treatment (GxO) interactions, which were considered significant whenP ≤ 0.05. UCP1KO mice experienced a more adverse metabolic response to OVX than WT. Whereas OVX-induced weight gain was not synergistically greater for KO compared to WT (GxO, NS), OVX-induced insulin resistance was significantly exacerbated in KO compared to WT (GxO for HOMA-IR,P < 0.05). These results suggest UCP1 is protective against metabolic dysfunction associated with loss of ovarian hormones and support the need for more research into therapeutics to selectively target UCP1 for prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction following ovarian hormone loss.
İslâm’dan Önce Tâif
Authors: KELPETİN Mahmut
Published: August 2018

Öz: Bu makale Hicâz’ın üç önemli şehrinden biri olan Tâif ’in İslâm öncesi siyasî, iktisadî,içtimaî ve dinî hayatı hakkında bilgiler vermeyi hedeflemektedir. Tâif, coğrafikonumu, ziraî üretimi, ticarî mevkii ve önemli yolların kesişme noktasında bulunmasındandolayı stratejik açıdan önemli bir yerdeydi ve Haremeyn’e açılan doğu kapısıözelliğine sahipti.Hicâz bölgesinde sıcak çöl hükümlerinin geçerli olduğu Tâif, kış aylarının en sert yaşandığıbir şehir olmasına rağmen yaz mevsimindeki mutedil havasından dolayı Mekke eşrafınınilgi ve itibarına mazhar olmuş; günümüze kadar sayfiye yeri olma özelliğini sürdürmüştür.
İmam Müslim ve Kitâbü’t-Temyîz Adlı Eseri
Authors: ASLAN Muhammet İkbal
Published: August 2018

Mehmet Çilek’in İmam Müslim ve Kitâbü’t-Temyîz Adlı Eseri ismini taşıyan çalışması, hadis sahasında daha çok Sahîh’i ile gündeme gelen Müslim’in illet sahasında kaleme aldığı et-Temyîz’ini konu edinir. Son yıllarda ülkemizde illet sahasında bazı çalışmalar yapılsa da bunlar hala istenilen seviyeye ulaşmamıştır. Çilek’in bu eseri ise et-Temyîz gibi önemli bir kitabı konu edinmesi bakımından önemlidir. Zira et-Temyîz oldukça erken bir dönemde kaleme alınan, hadis münekkitlerinin hadis tenkit yöntemini ortaya koyan ender eserlerden biridir. Çilek’in bu önemli eseri incelerken ne derece tutarlı ve başarılı olduğu ise bu yazıda ele alınacaktır. Aynı adla hazırlanmış bir yüksek lisans tezinin neşri olan eser iki ana bölümden oluşur. Birinci bölümde yazar Müslim’in hayatı ve eserlerine kısaca temas edip et-Temyîz’in nüsha ve neşirlerini tanıtır. Ardından eserin Müslim’e aidiyetini inceleyip kitabı Müslim’den nakleden Mekkî b. Abdân hakkında bilgi vererek bölümü sonlandırır (s. 15- 41). Eserin ikinci bölümünde ise ilk olarak et-Temyîz’de yer alan hadis ıstılahlarına değinir. Bunun ardından “hacim bakımından elverişli olduğu” gerekçesiyle et-Temyîz’deki rivayetleri tek tek inceler
D-lactic Acidosis: Successful Suppression of D-lactate–Producing Lactobacillus by Probiotics
Authors: Yilmaz Bahtiyar , Schibli Susanne , Macpherson Andrew J. , Sokollik Christiane
Published: August 2018

Intestinal microbiota composition in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is an important factor influencing the clinical outcome. An increase of D-lactate–producing bacteria can lead to D-lactic acidosis, also referred to as D-lactate encephalopathy, with severe neurologic impairment. Antibiotic treatments for D-lactic acidosis in children with SBS offer often only short-term relief. Here, we present the case of a boy with SBS who developed recurrent episodes of D-lactic acidosis even under continuous cycling antibiotic treatment. Microbiological analyses were used to detect the presence of D-lactate–producing Lactobacillus species in the stool samples. A probiotic cocktail was introduced to alter the intestinal microbiota. During follow-up under treatment with probiotics, the patient remained stable, and there was no additional need for antibiotic therapy for more than a year. Stool composition of the patient was sequenced regularly over that period. His microbiota profile changed completely in species richness, and a clustering of species according to probiotic usage was seen. Importantly, D-lactate–producing Lactobacillus strains disappeared within a few weeks after probiotic introduction and were no longer detected in the subsequent follow-up specimens.
Neuroimaging of Early Life Epilepsy
Authors: Coryell Jason , Gaillard William D. , Shellhaas Renée A. , Grinspan Zachary M. , Wirrell Elaine C. , Knupp Kelly G. , Wusthoff Courtney J. , Keator Cynthia , Sullivan Joseph E. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Patel Anup , Chu Catherine J. , Massey Shavonne , Novotny Edward J. , Saneto Russel P. , Berg Anne T.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:

We assessed the adherence to neuroimaging guidelines and the diagnostically relevant yield of neuroimaging in newly presenting early life epilepsy (ELE).

METHODS:

There were 775 children with a new diagnosis of epilepsy (<3 years old at onset) who were recruited through the ELE study at 17 US pediatric epilepsy centers (2012–2015) and managed prospectively for 1 year. The data were analyzed to assess the proportion of children who underwent neuroimaging, the type of neuroimaging, and abnormalities.

RESULTS:

Of 725 children (93.5%) with neuroimaging, 714 had an MRI (87% with seizure protocols) and 11 had computed tomography or ultrasound only. Etiologically relevant abnormalities were present in 290 individuals (40%) and included: an acquired injury in 97 (13.4%), malformations of cortical development in 56 (7.7%), and other diffuse disorders of brain development in 51 (7.0%). Neuroimaging was abnormal in 160 of 262 (61%) children with abnormal development at diagnosis versus 113 of 463 (24%) children with typical development. Neuroimaging abnormalities were most common in association with focal seizure semiology (40%), spasms (47%), or unclear semiology (42%). In children without spasms or focal semiology with typical development, 29 of 185 (16%) had imaging abnormalities. Pathogenic genetic variants were identified in 53 of 121 (44%) children with abnormal neuroimaging in whom genetic testing was performed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Structural abnormalities occur commonly in ELE, and adherence to neuroimaging guidelines is high at US pediatric epilepsy centers. These data support the universal adoption of imaging guidelines because the yield is substantially high, even in the lowest risk group.
Incorporación de la incertidumbre aleatoria de las propiedades del suelo en la geoestadística. Aplicación al diseño de cimentaciones basado en confiabilidad
Authors: Munévar-Peña Maddy Alejandra , Ramos-Cañón Alfonso Mariano , Prada-Sarmiento Luis Felipe
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo aborda la falta de certeza en la estimación de las propiedades del suelo con las cuales se diseñan estructuras geotécnicas. Se propone un procedimiento para incorporar la incertidumbre aleatoria puntual de las propiedades del suelo en los procesos geoestadísticos que se utilizan para estimar valores de variables geotécnicas en localizaciones no muestreadas. Para hacer uso de dichos procesos geoestadísticos es necesario tener valores medidos en perforaciones puntualmente localizadas que se deben considerar deterministas y representativos de un tipo de suelo, sin embargo, al realizar dos mediciones en puntos muy cercanos existen diferencias dadas por la variabilidad natural inherente de las propiedades del suelo. Este trabajo propone una modificación al procedimiento geoestadístico convencional para tener en cuenta la incertidumbre aleatoria puntual de las variables geotécnicas. Se aplicó el procedimiento convencional y modificado al diseño basado en confiabilidad de una cimentación superficial.
Comparison of Early Implant Failure Rates Between Subjects With and Without Orthodontic Treatment Before Dental Implantation
Authors: Chang Li-ching , Tsai I-ming
Published: August 2018

The present study compared early dental implant failure rates between patients with and without orthodontic treatment before dental implantation. The data of adults who had undergone dental implantation between January 2007 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 124 subjects with 255 implants were divided into a treatment group (46 subjects, 85 teeth) consisting of patients who had undergone implant surgery after orthodontic treatment and a control group of patients who had not undergone preimplant orthodontic treatment. Implants that failed before permanent crown fabrication were defined as failures. No significant differences in gender or age were found between the treatment group and controls. No significant differences were found in implant failure rates in either jaw between the treatment and control groups. However, the failure rate was still higher in the treatment group (14.81%) than in the control group (3.28%) for the maxilla. Results of this study demonstrate an increased implant failure rate only in the maxilla of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment before dental implantation, especially implant surgery combined with a sinus lift procedure. Further study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period is necessary to confirm results of the present study and identify other confounding factors.
Manage of crop load to improve fruit quality in plums
Authors: Pavanello Alexandre Pozzobom , Zoth Michael , Ayub Ricardo Antonio
Published: August 2018

Abstract The crop load of European plums must be adjusted to achieve high quality with adequate size and skin color in order to attend market requirements. The present study had the objective to investigate the effects of chemical and mechanical thinning, applied isolated and in combination of both, at different phenological stages of Katinka plum growing in Southern Germany. The following thinners were tested: mechanical thinning, chemical thinning with Ammoniumthiosulfate - ATS, Ethephon, Prohexadione-Calcium and Gibberellin. Mechanical thinning treatment isolated or associated with ATS. Significantly increased fruit drop and reduced the yield. It also, increased fruit size and fruit weight when compared to the control plants. Also Ethephon increased fruit drop and fruit size when compared to the control plants. Among to other chemical treatments, no positive effects were observed for fruit thinning when compared to the control plants.
Performance of ‘Cadenera’ orange trees grafted on five rootstocks
Authors: Domingues Allan Ricardo , Neves Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro , Yada Inês Fumiko Ubukata , Leite Junior Rui Pereira , Tazima Zuleide Hissano
Published: August 2018

Abstract Citriculture is an important alternative for the agribusiness development in the state of Paraná, Brazil. However, the use of a few cultivars of scion and rootstock restricts the harvest period and increases the vulnerability to pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth, production and fruit quality of ‘Cadenera’ orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck ) grafted on five rootstocks, during nine harvests, under a subtropical environmental condition. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications, two plants per plot, and five rootstocks: ‘Rangpur’ lime (C. limonia Osb.), ‘Cleopatra’ (C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka ) and ‘Sunki’ mandarins (C. sunki hort. ex Tanaka (L.) Raf.), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo [C. paradisi Macfad. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], and ‘C-13’ citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Pera x P.s trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. Biometric variables, and fruit yield and quality were analyzed. The smallest canopy size was induced by ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘C 13’ citrange rootstocks. ‘Swingle’ citrumelo and ‘C 13’ citrange provided the highest yields for the ‘Cadenera’ sweet orange trees and were superior to ‘Rangpur’ lime. Trees grafted on ‘C 13’ citrange presented the highest yield and productive efficiency.
VITIMIZAÇÃO POR BULLYING EM ESTUDANTES BRASILEIROS: RESULTADOS DA PESQUISA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE DO ESCOLAR (PENSE)
Authors: Silva Jorge Luiz da , Mello Flávia Carvalho Malta de , Oliveira Wanderlei Abadio de , Prado Rogério Ruscitto do , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de vitimização por bullying em estudantes brasileiros e analisar sua associação com variáveis individuais e de contexto. Método: estudo transversal, de base populacional, com dados provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar. Participaram 109.104 estudantes do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário autoaplicável. Foi testado o modelo de associação entre o bullying e variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, raça/cor da pele autodeclarada e escolaridade da mãe), de saúde mental (sentimento de solidão, insônia e falta de amigos), de contexto familiar (apanhar em casa), absenteísmo escolar (falta às aulas) e comportamento de risco para a saúde (experimentação de drogas). Foram realizadas análises uni e multivariadas. Resultados: a prevalência de vitimização foi de 7,2%. Os meninos e as meninas de 14 e 15 anos sofreram menos bullying, e as meninas menores de 13 anos sofreram mais (OR: 1,48, IC95%: 1,02-2,15). Foram mais vítimas meninos indígenas (OR: 1,37, IC95%: 1,15-1,65), meninas pretas (OR: 1,24, IC95%: 1,09-1,40) e meninas amarelas (OR: 1,43, IC95%: 1,21-1,70). Sentir-se solitário, não ter amigos, ter insônia, faltar às aulas, sofrer violência física na família e possuir mãe com baixa escolaridade foram variáveis associadas à vitimização para meninos e meninas e usar drogas, somente para as meninas (OR: 1,19, IC95%: 1,03-1,37). Conclusão: os resultados indicam que a vitimização por bullying interfere na escolaridade e na saúde dos estudantes. Dados que podem subsidiar iniciativas de enfrentamento do bullying e de promoção de saúde nas escolas.
VIVÊNCIAS DE VIOLÊNCIA NO PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM: REPERCUSSÕES NA CORPOREIDADE DOS JOVENS
Authors: Zanatta Elisangela Argenta , Motta Maria da Graça Corso da , Trindade Leticia de Lima , Vendruscolo Carine
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as vivências de violência entre os jovens estudantes de enfermagem no decorrer da sua formação profissional e as repercussões desse fenômeno em sua corporeidade. Método: pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada entre junho e agosto de 2013 com 21 jovens estudantes de enfermagem em uma universidade pública de Santa Catarina. A produção das informações ocorreu com base no Método Criativo e Sensível, mediado pelas Dinâmicas de Criatividade e Sensibilidade. Para a análise das informações, foi utilizada a Hermenêutica com suporte do referencial teórico-filosófico de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Resultados: emergiram dois temas: situações de violência vivenciadas pelos jovens no processo de formação em enfermagem e repercussões da violência na corporeidade do jovem. Os resultados revelam a violência simbólica presente nas relações de autoridade entre docentes e discentes e nos conflitos entre profissionais dos serviços de saúde e acadêmicos. Os jovens entendem que a violência está naturalizada no seu viver e interfere em sua corporeidade perturbando o existir, provocando sentimentos de ausência, distanciamento e indiferença, os quais repercutem em sua saúde e nas suas práticas de cuidado. Conclusão: a violência presente no processo de formação em enfermagem interfere na corporeidade, no modo de ser e na construção do jovem como um ser de cuidado. A pesquisa revelou elementos importantes para refletir acerca da violência presente no contexto da formação em enfermagem e subsidiar ações dos docentes e profissionais de saúde e enfermagem que atuam nos cenários de práticas.