bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloud droplet diffusional growth in homogeneous isotropic
turbulence: bin microphysics versus Lagrangian superdroplet
simulations
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Thomas Lois
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Increase of the spectral width of initially monodisperse population of cloud droplets in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is investigated applying a finite-difference fluid flow model combined with either Eulerian bin microphysics or Lagrangian particle-based scheme. The turbulence is forced applying a variant of the so-called linear forcing method that maintains the mean turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the TKE partitioning between velocity components. The latter is important for maintaining the quasi-steady forcing of the supersaturation fluctuations that drive the increase of the spectral width. We apply a large computational domain, 643 m3, one of the domains considered in Thomas et al. (2020). The simulations apply 1 m grid length and are in the spirit of the implicit large eddy simulation (ILES), that is, with explicit small-scale dissipation provided by the model numerics. This is in contrast to the scaled-up direct numerical simulation (DNS) applied in Thomas et al. (2020). Two TKE intensities and three different droplet concentrations are considered. Analytic solutions derived in Sardina et al. (2015), valid for the case when the turbulence time scale is much larger than the droplet phase relaxation time scale, are used to guide the comparison between the two microphysics simulation techniques. The Lagrangian approach reproduces the scalings relatively well. Representing the spectral width increase in time is more challenging for the bin microphysics because appropriately high resolution in the bin space is needed. The bin width of 0.5 μm is only sufficient for the lowest droplet concentration, 26 cm−3. For the highest droplet concentration, 650 cm−3, even an order of magnitude smaller bin size is not sufficient. The scalings are not expected to be valid for the lowest droplet concentration and the high TKE case, and the two microphysics schemes represent similar departures. Finally, because the fluid flow is the same for all simulations featuring either low or high TKE, one can compare point-by-point simulation results. Such a comparison shows very close temperature and water vapor point-by-point values across the computational domain, and larger differences between simulated mean droplet radii and spectral width. The latter are explained by fundamental differences in the two simulation methodologies, numerical diffusion in the Eulerian bin approach and relatively small number of Lagrangian particles that are used in the particle-based microphysics.
Impact of using a new ultraviolet ozone absorption cross-section dataset on OMI ozone profile retrievals
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Birk Manfred , Wagner Georg , Gordon Iouli E. , Chance Kelly
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We evaluate different sets of high-resolution ozone absorption cross-section
data for use in atmospheric ozone profile measurements in the Hartley and
Huggins bands with a particular focus on BDM 1995 (Daumont et al. 1992; Brion et al., 1993; Malicet et al., 1995),
currently used in our retrievals, and a new laboratory dataset by
Birk and Wagner (2018) (BW). The BDM cross-section data have been
recommended to use for retrieval of ozone profiles using spaceborne nadir-viewing backscattered ultraviolet (BUV) measurements since its improved
performance was demonstrated against other cross-sections including Bass and
Paur (1985) (BP) and those of Serdyuchenko et al. (2014) and Gorshelev et
al. (2014) (SER) by the “Absorption Cross-Sections of Ozone” (ACSO) activity.
The BW laboratory data were recently measured within the framework of the
European Space Agency (ESA) project SEOM-IAS (Scientific Exploitation of Operational Missions –
Improved Atmospheric Spectroscopy Databases) to provide an advanced
absorption cross-section database. The BW cross-sections are made from
measurements at more temperatures and in a wider temperature range than BDM,
especially for low temperatures. Relative differences of cross-sections
between BW and BDM range from ∼2 % at shorter UV
wavelengths to ∼5 % at longer UV wavelengths at warm
temperatures. Furthermore, these differences dynamically increase by up to
±40 % at cold temperatures due to no BDM measurements having been
made below 218 K. We evaluate the impact of using different cross-sections
on ozone profile retrievals from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)
measurements. Correspondingly, this impact leads to significant differences
in individual ozone retrievals by up to 50 % in the tropopause where the
coldest atmospheric temperatures are observed. Bottom atmospheric layers
illustrate the significant change of the retrieved ozone values, with
differences of 20 % in low latitudes, which is not the case in high
latitudes because the ozone retrievals are mainly controlled by a priori
ozone information in high latitudes due to less photon penetration down to
the lower troposphere. Validation with ozonesonde observations demonstrates
that BW and BDM retrievals show altitude-dependent bias oscillations of
similar magnitude relative to ozonesonde measurements, much smaller than
those of both BP and SER retrievals. However, compared to BDM, BW retrievals
show significant reduction in standard deviation, by up to 15 %,
especially at the coldest atmospheric temperatures. Such improvement is
achieved mainly by the better characterization of the temperature dependence
of ozone absorption.
Reviews and syntheses: Ironing out wrinkles in the soil phosphorus cycling paradigm
Authors: McConnell Curt A. , Kaye Jason P. , Kemanian Armen R.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Soil phosphorus (P) management remains a critical challenge for agriculture worldwide, and yet we are still unable to predict soil P dynamics as confidently as that of carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). This is due to both the complexity of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) cycling and the methodological constraints that have limited our ability to trace P dynamics in the soil–plant system. In this review, we describe the challenges for building parsimonious, accurate, and useful biogeochemical models that represent P dynamics and explore the potential of new techniques to usher P biogeochemistry research and modeling forward. We conclude that research efforts should focus on the following: (1) updating the McGill and Cole (1981) model of Po mineralization by clarifying the role and prevalence of biochemical and biological Po mineralization, which we suggest are not mutually exclusive and may co-occur along a continuum of Po substrate stoichiometry; (2) further understanding the dynamics of phytate, a six C compound that can regulate the poorly understood stoichiometry of soil P; (3) exploring the effects of C and Po saturation on P sorption and Po mineralization; and (4) resolving discrepancies between hypotheses about P cycling and the methods used to test these hypotheses.
Good vibrations: living with the motions of our unsettled planet
Authors: Badcoe Tamsin , George Ophelia Ann , Donkin Lucy , Pegna Shirley , Kendall John Michael
Published: November 2020

Abstract. By its very nature Earth is unsettled and in continual
motion. Earthquakes and volcanoes are an expression of the convective
motions of the planet, and our existence on Earth is a consequence of this
tectonic activity. Yet, as humans, we often struggle to understand our role
in relation to such unpredictable natural phenomena and use different
methods to attempt to find order in nature's chaos. In dwelling on the
surface of our “unsettled planet”, we adapt and live with a range of ground
vibrations, both natural and anthropogenic in origin. Our project, funded by
the University of Bristol's Brigstow Institute, seeks to explore how we
perceive and understand the shaky ground we live on, using an
interdisciplinary approach that brings together the Earth sciences, the
history of art and literature, and performance art. Inspired by historical
commentary in the aftermath of large earthquakes, which frequently notes the
unscheduled ringing of church bells excited by the shaking around them, we
reflect on how these purported unscheduled bell-ringing events were caused
not only by near earthquakes but also by distant incidents. To investigate
this phenomenon, we installed a state-of-the-art broadband seismometer in
the Wills Memorial Building tower to record how Great George (the tower
bell) responds to the restless world around him. The installed seismometer
has been recording activity around and within the tower on a near-continuous
basis between late-March 2018 and January 2019. Here, we present the signals
recorded by the seismometer as Great George overlooks the hustle and bustle
of the city around him and investigate how connected we are to our
unsettled planet, even from our tectonically quiet setting in Bristol. We
find that the seismometer not only shows the ebb and flow of activity in and
around Bristol but also registers earthquakes from as nearby as
Lincolnshire, UK, or as far away as Fiji, halfway around the world. In order
to contextualize our findings, our project also considers what determines
how people have responded to earth-shaking events, drawing on both
historical and recent examples, and looks to contemporary art practice to
consider how an awareness of our unsettled planet can be communicated in
new ways. The project has led to a number of art installations and
performances, and feedback from artists and audiences shows how making art
can be used to both investigate our connections with the Earth and to
articulate (and even accept) the uncertainties inherent in encountering
unstable ground.
Evaluation of the lattice Boltzmann method for wind modelling in complex terrain
Authors: Schubiger Alain , Barber Sarah , Nordborg Henrik
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The worldwide expansion of wind energy is making the choice of potential wind farm locations more and more difficult. This results in an increased number of wind farms being located in complex terrain, which is characterised by flow separation, turbulence and high shear. Accurate modelling of these flow features is key for wind resource assessment in the planning phase, as the exact positioning of the wind turbines has a large effect on their energy production and lifetime. Wind modelling for wind resource assessments is usually carried out with the linear model Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP), unless the terrain is complex, in which case Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solvers such as WindSim and Ansys Fluent are usually applied. Recent research has shown the potential advantages of large-eddy simulation (LES) for modelling the atmospheric boundary layer and thermal effects; however, LES is far too computationally expensive to be applied outside the research environment. Another promising approach is the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a computational fluid technique based on the Boltzmann transport equation. It is generally used to study complex phenomena such as turbulence, because it describes motion at the mesoscopic level in contrast to the macroscopic level of conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, which solve the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. Other advantages of the LBM include its efficiency; near-ideal scalability on high-performance computers (HPCs); and ability to easily automate the geometry, the mesh generation and the post-processing. However, the LBM has been applied very little to wind modelling in complex terrain for wind energy applications, mainly due to the lack of availability of easy-to-use tools as well as the lack of experience with this technique. In this paper, the capabilities of the LBM to model wind flow around complex terrain are investigated using the Palabos framework and data from a measurement campaign from the Bolund Hill experiment in Denmark. Detached-eddy simulation (DES) and LES in Ansys Fluent are used as a numerical comparison. The results show that there is in general a good agreement between simulation and experimental data, and the LBM performs better than RANS and DES. Some deviations can be observed near the ground, close to the top of the cliff and on the lee side of the hill. The computational costs of the three techniques are compared, and it has been shown that the LBM can perform up to 5 times faster than DES, even though the set-up was not optimised in this initial study. It can be summarised that the LBM has a very high potential for modelling wind flow over complex terrain accurately and at relatively low costs, compared to solving N–S equations conventionally. Further studies on other sites are ongoing.
The Reclamation of Whānau Decision-Making in the Context of Child Welfare. A Case Study of Iwi-Led Family Group Conferences
Authors: Roguski Michael David
Published: November 2020

The Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act (1989) heralded family group conferences as an innovative mechanism to reinforce the role of family in child welfare decision-making. While many have regarded family group conferences as a culturally appropriate response, continued managerialism reflected a guise of cultural responsiveness and family involvement that has actively disempowered whānau and the young person in decision-making processes. Similar to concerns that led to the formation of the 1989 Act, institutional racism inspired Rangitāne o Wairarapa (Rangitāne) to reclaim the family group conference process, and child welfare decision-making, as an iwi function. The current study reports on the development of a family group conference practice model of one iwi (Rangitāne) as a case study of cultural reclamation. The success of the approach is juxtaposed against the iwi practice model, critical success factors and opportunities for the development of such practice models across Aotearoa New Zealand.
¿Dónde acaba un objeto? Objetos, fronteras e intimidad en la donación de leche materna
Authors: Santoro Domingo Pablo , Romero Bachiller Carmen
Published: November 2020

En nuestro artículo queremos explorar la dimensión plástica de los objetos, su relacionalidad, su ser más bien “objeto-frontera” (Leigh Star y Griesemer, 1989), y la forma en la que las relaciones en las que se inserta un objeto modifican su propio estatus, así como el de las personas con las que se ve conectado (Winance, 2019). Para ello, recurrimos a un caso que venimos estudiando desde hace un tiempo: la donación altruista de leche materna a bancos hospitalarios y otras prácticas de lactancia compartida o “distribuida”. Nos centraremos en tres objetos que han tenido una presencia significativa en nuestro trabajo de campo: los cojines de lactancia y otros utensilios similares, como toallas o mantas; los extractores de leche –comúnmente llamados “sacaleches”–; y los medicamentos probióticos. Cada uno de estos tres objetos redefine, en su forma de ensamblarse con las prácticas de lactancia, las fronteras entre la madre lactante y el mundo –la relación con el dolor y el propio cuerpo, las redes sociales, familiares y de amistad, la propia diferencia entre lo vivo y lo inerte, entre cuerpo y medicamento–. Cada uno de estos objetos participa también de forma peculiar en aquello que llamamos cuidado o intimidad y que, al contrario que lo que suele argumentarse desde posiciones humanistas “ingenuas”, no se constituye por oposición a lo técnico/ “artificial”, sino que surge como efecto del modo en el que relaciones heterogéneas –y siempre más-que-humanas– se ven materialmente mediadas (Mol, Moser y Pols, 2010; Latimer y López, 2019)
El 'monstruo de las toallitas': relacionalidad material en el Antropoceno
Authors: Ibáñez Martín Rebeca
Published: November 2020

En los últimos años se viene argumentando desde las ciencias sociales que es necesario prestar mas atención a los objetos, porque no solo los humanos actúan, también lo hacen los materiales. Tomando el ejemplo de la toallita húmeda exploraré cómo pueden actuar los materiales y qué relaciones son relevantes. Para ello movilizaré dos casos, el de la doekje, la toallita húmeda en Holanda, y el de “el monstruo de las toallitas” (la obstrucción del colector norte de Valencia por un atasco formado por una bola de toallitas, grasa y otros residuos). El caso de la toallita húmeda visibiliza que los objetos nunca actúan solos, siempre van a acompañados de prácticas (en este caso prácticas que tienen que ver con la higiene, la caca, y la infraestructura y gestión de los residuos fecales). No es que los objetos tengan agencia sobre los humanos, sino que los ensamblajes de toallitas y otros residuos pertenecen a prácticas concretas (en este caso qué hacemos con nuestra caca) recordándonos que en el contexto de crisis medioambiental es urgente pensar sobre los efectos materiales y semióticos de los objetos. La lección sería aprender a vivir con la abundancia material del Antropoceno de una mejor manera, más que defender que los objetos tengan agencia.
Inelastic analysis of the imperial county services building
Authors: Moss Peter J. , Carr Athol J. , Pardeon Gerard C.
Published: November 2020

Full scale ambient and forced vibration dynamic measurements of buildings have become a continuing research activity over the last twenty years or so. One building that has been studied in such a way was the Imperial County Services Building which was also instrumented with a number of seismographs. On the 15 October 1979, this building suffered major structural damage in a powerful earthquake.

This paper briefly describes the ICSB and the damage that occurred, before discussing the computer models that were analysed to study the likely inelastic behaviour of the building. Though the analytical time histories do not show very good agreement with the seismograph results, they do show that the transverse component of the earthquake had a significant effect on the behaviour of the building on account of a non-symmetric arrangement of the ground floor shear walls in the transverse direction. Another factor was the placing of a ground level slab above the detailed column hinges.
Valuation of Non-Performing Loans under Discussion
Authors: Bagna Emanuel
Published: November 2020

In March 2018, the ECB published “Addendum to the ECB Guidance to banks on non-performing loans: supervisory expectations for prudential provisioning of non-performing exposures” in which it required non-performing loans originated after 1 April 2018 to be fully written down after 7 years, with unsecured loans to be written offer after only 2 years. In practice, this approach implies the use of a null value: i) after seven years for secured non-performing loans and ii) after two years for unsecured loans, with an accounting provision for an equivalent amount. European Banking Authority (EBA) statistics for 2019 show that provisions for non-performing loans in Europe were 44.9% (Note 1), corresponding to an NPL valuation of 55.1%, which is higher than the implicit value in the prudential provisions recommended by the ECB. The ECB's new guidelines on provision levels and the implicit value of such provisions creates serious doubt about banks' estimated fair values of NPLs, as per what they book in their accounts. This article aims to use the disclosures provided by listed Italian banks in their notes to the accounts from 2009 to 2019 to determine if the fair value for NPLs, as divided between the secured part and the unsecured part, is value relevant and the amount of any discount/premium applied by the financial market compared to the actual fair value that is booked. The results highlight the excessively prudential nature of completely writing off non-performing loans and justify a review of the approach adopted by the European Council and Parliament in August 2019 (and subsequently adopted by the European Central Bank) in which unsecured NPLs should be fully written off after 3 years (compared to 2 years before), NPLs secured by real estate after 9 years (compared to 7 years before) and NPLs secured by non-real estate guarantees after 7 years (confirming the previous approach) for all loans originated after 26 April 2019.
Does The Enhancement of Profitability Necessarily Reduce Bank Credit Risk?
Authors: Wang Liyue
Published: November 2020

Based on the data of China's listed banks from 2010 to 2018, this paper uses panel data model and threshold model to examine the impact of profitability on credit risk of commercial banks. The results show that: (1) After controlling the influence of bank size, the growth rate of net profit is negatively correlated with credit risk; (2) With the same growth rate of net profit, the larger the bank scale, the smaller the credit risk. At the same time, with the decrease of the growth rate of net profit, the influence of bank size on credit risk increases; (3) When the bank scale is large enough, the growth rate of net profit is positively correlated with the credit risk of the bank. This paper discusses the interaction between bank size and profitability and credit risk, which is of guiding significance to banks’ risk management.
Sustainable Coastal Zone Management: Need for a Holistic Approach for Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Ataur Rahman
Published: November 2020

Coastal Zone is the most vulnerable area which is often attacked by cyclones, storm surges, floods, erosion and affected by climate change impacts like prolonged drought, salinity intrusion & greater temperature extremes. These realities are true both for the developed nations and a developing country like Bangladesh. This review study aims to explore the coastal management approaches in the UK & EU and the prevailing coastal management scenarios of Bangladesh. Based on the existing coastal management situations of Bangladesh, this study suggests that Bangladesh needs a holistic coastal management mechanism that should be supported by legislation, run by administrative and institutional frameworks, staffed by multidisciplinary experienced professionals under a Coastal Zone Management Authority (CZMA) for sustainable coastal zone management.
ADAPTATION OF METHODOLOGIES TESTING THE COMBAT WEAPONS TO EVALUATION OF SIMULATORS. A CONCEPT OF ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT STAND
Authors: Kowalewski Jerzy
Published: November 2020

Analysing the methodologies testing the service small arms on aspects concerning their usefulness for testing simulators of the small arms, a conclusion can be made that some parts of these testing methodologies cannot be used as a specificity of gun simulator operation differs from the operation of service gun. Particular weapon simulators are made on the basis of the service weapons being in the service and for this reason the remaining methodologies for testing the service weap-ons have been already applied and the weapon meets all parameters specified in these methodologies. Nevertheless, after depriving the service weapons of some usable features and adapting them for simulated shooting within a training system some testing methodologies suitable for the simulator have to be studied and selected.
Investigating the Impact of the Prefabrication Concept on the Design and Selection of Building Components, Case Study: Peripheral Walls in Mass Housing Projects
Authors: Azizibabani Mohammadhossein , Daneshjoo Khosro , Saharkhizan Saeid
Published: November 2020

Today, Prefabrication is considered as one of the concepts of industrialization in response to the growing needs of human societies for development. It is particularly important to address this concept in mass housing projects. The most important goals in adopting the prefabrication approach are to increase construction speed and quality and reduce costs. A review of the literature on prefabrication illustrates the importance of Design for Manufacturability and Design for Assembly concepts about components of prefabricated systems. In this regard, this research has been carried out to identify the criteria and indicators for selection of prefabricated peripheral walls and to design a system based on updatable databases to select proper options according to the importance of criteria and indicators in various mass housing projects. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results indicate the necessity of involving building material suppliers in designing the mentioned system. Therefore, it is envisaged to continuously import new material specifications in the form of suggested options by the material suppliers in the system’s database. Peripheral wall selection criteria and indicators extracted from the literature review of prefabrication and an Analytic Hierarchy Process structure is proposed to obtain the appropriate options considering the importance of criteria and indicators. To determine the scoring criteria for options, on the one hand, the standards set for the technical specifications of materials were discussed and on the other hand, examples include materials and Peripheral wall systems based on the prefabrication criteria, were investigated.
Research on Installation Technology of Floating Stone Columns
Authors: Daukšys Mindaugas , Girčys Vytenis , Juočiūnas Svajūnas
Published: November 2020

In this study three already finished projects in Lithuania were investigated, the problems faced in the projects were examined, and the main advantages and drawbacks of the chosen geopile installation technology were identified. Three alternative solutions for geopile installation were selected for the investigation: driving a hollow steel pipe into the ground using a deep vibrator and using geosynthetic material to reinforce soils (A1); driving a closed-ended hollow steel pipe into the ground and using geosynthetic material to reinforce soils (A2); driving an open-ended hollow steel pipe into the ground and using geosynthetic material to reinforce soils (A3). Those alternatives were evaluated according to the following criteria: geopile installation cost (K1), level of mechanization (K2), load bearing capacity (K3), installation options (K4), impact on the environment (K5), duration of the installation of geopiles (K6). In order to find out the significance of the evaluation criteria a survey questionnaire and a ranking procedure were used. The same order of criteria importance, namely K1˃K3˃ K2˃K4˃K6˃K5, was obtained using the selected rank-order weighting method. Basing on the selected criteria, a rational option for geopile foundations was identified using the multi-criteria assessment method TOPSIS. The results show that driving an open-ended hollow steel pipe into the ground and using geosynthetic material to reinforce soils (A3) is the most rational option for the installation of geopiles in the investigated finished projects in Lithuania. This article is based on Master thesis topic “Research on installation technology of geopiles”.
Self-Assembled Copper Polypyridyl Supramolecular Metallopolymer Achieving Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy
Authors: Xiong Zushuang , Lai Lanhai , Chen Tianfeng
Published: November 2020

Metallopolymers, a combination of organic polymers and metal center, contain metal atoms in repeating monomers can change its dynamic and thermodynamic properties through the directionality of coordination bonds and chemical tailoring of ligands. In the past decade, self-assembled functional supramolecular metallopolymers have aroused a surge of research interest, and have demonstrated application potential in cancer therapy. In this chapter, we have summarized the progress in the rational design of biological application of different metallopolymers. Especially, a copper polypyridyl complex was found be able to self-assemble into a supramolecular metallopolymer driven by the intermolecular interactions, which could enhance the uptake in cancer cells through endocytosis, thus effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo without damage to the major organs. This study may provide a good example to use self-assembled metallopolymer to achieve enhanced anticancer efficacy.
Business Harvesting Strategies for Entrepreneurs
Authors: Shava Herring
Published: November 2020

Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in our societies, such as employment creation. This is a key to addressing income inequalities leading to poverty reduction and economic growth. As a result of this critical role, the campaign is on establishing more entrepreneurial entities, and there is very little concern regarding harvesting an entrepreneurial entity. Entity harvesting is equally important as setting up a new entrepreneurial venture and this chapter explores this issue. During the harvesting process, the entrepreneur recovers value through the sale of an entrepreneurial entity or its assets. Having spent several years building and adding value to the business, the entrepreneur must design an entity harvesting strategy that would provide maximum returns on the investment of time, effort and money. Several reasons may compel the entrepreneur to harvest the business and this chapter provides some of these reasons based on extant literature and primary data collected from small- and medium-sized entity (SME) owners in Sub-Saharan Africa. Further, the chapter outlines various entity harvesting strategies preferred by SME owners in Sub-Saharan Africa and circumstances at which they deem appropriate to apply such.
Introduction to Numerical Approaches for Forward and Inverse Heat Transfer Problems
Authors: Voronin Sergey
Published: November 2020

We describe the formulation of forward and inverse problems in heat transfer and illustrate several techniques applicable to their solution.
Plant-Based Drugs as an Adjuvant to Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Mohan Lakshmi
Published: November 2020

Humans have turned to natural products, obtained from plants, animals and aquatic life for treating diseases since time immemorial. Modern medicine is based on ancient wisdom transferred over generations. Drug development relies mainly on natural sources. Herbal medicines are making a comeback due to lower side effects, and positive results in the long term when compared to synthetic drugs. The current drug discovery process relies on identifying traditional medicines followed by Bioactivity-guided fractionation to isolate significant lead molecules. Plants have a history of long-term use by humans and hence it can be presumed that the bioactive compounds obtained from plants will have low human toxicity. There exists a huge potential for discovering new antitumor drug leads by screening natural products either in the form of crude extracts purified phytochemicals which have already been described in the literature. The fact that phytochemicals like paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine and camptothecin are being successfully used in clinical practice and several others like combretastatin and noscapine are in different stages of clinical trials implies the importance of plants in cancer chemotherapy.
Red Wine and Yacon as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Nagalievska Mariia , Sabadashka Mariya , Sybirna Nataliia
Published: November 2020

Phytochemicals derived from different plants are promising therapeutic agents. Herbal compounds can be used under diseases, etiological causes of which are alterations of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms, along with increased oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Potential sources of biologically active substances may be grape wine, rich in phenolic compounds. Well-studied examples of polyphenols are phenolic acids, catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, etc. Another source of biologically active compounds is yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl.). The aboveground part of yacon is rich in phenolic compounds and terpenes. Main biologically active substances from tuberous roots of yacon are fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds. The section will be devoted to the analysis of hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects, and molecular targets of the complex of biologically active substances derived from red wine and yacon.
Financial Time Series Analysis via Backtesting Approach
Authors: Osagie Adenomon Monday
Published: November 2020

This book chapter investigated the place of backtesting approach in financial time series analysis in choosing a reliable Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) Model to analyze stock returns in Nigeria. To achieve this, The chapter used a secondary data that was collected from www.cashcraft.com under stock trend and analysis. Daily stock price was collected on Zenith bank stock price from October 21st 2004 to May 8th 2017. The chapter used nine different GARCH models (standard GARCH (sGARCH), Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle GARCH (gjrGARCH), Exponential GARCH (Egarch), Integrated GARCH (iGARCH), Asymmetric Power Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) (apARCH), Threshold GARCH (TGARCH), Non-linear GARCH (NGARCH), Nonlinear (Asymmetric) GARCH (NAGARCH) and The Absolute Value GARCH (AVGARCH) with maximum lag of 2. Most the information criteria for the sGARCH model were not available due to lack of convergence. The lowest information criteria were associated with apARCH (2,2) with Student t-distribution followed by NGARCH(2,1) with skewed student t-distribution. The backtesting result of the apARCH (2,2) was not available while eGARCH(1,1) with Skewed student t-distribution, NGARCH(1,1), NGARCH(2,1), and TGARCH (2,1) failed the backtesting but eGARCH (1,1) with student t-distribution passed the backtesting approach. Therefore with the backtesting approach, eGARCH(1,1) with student distribution emerged the superior model for modeling Zenith Bank stock returns in Nigeria. This chapter recommended the backtesting approach to selecting reliable GARCH model.
Torque Ripple Reduction in DTC Induction Motor Drive
Authors: Balashanmugham Adhavan , Mockaisamy Maheswaran , Murugesan Sathiyanathan
Published: November 2020

The asynchronous or Induction Motor (IM) is one of the most widely used electrical machines in the world, due to the three following advantages namely 1.Their construction is simple and rugged 2.The absence of slip rings, commutators and brushes make it cheaper, and 3.It is also maintenance free compared to DC motors and Synchronous motor due to wear and tear of brushes, slip rings and commutators respectively. The Section 1 deals with the introduction of induction motor and Direct Torque Control scheme. Section 2 briefly discusses the types of Induction motor. Section 3 tells about the control strategies of Induction motor respectively scalar control and vector control, and also briefly explains about Direct Torque Control (DTC) method. The Section 4 discuss about the Types of Control Strategies for Torque ripple Reductions in DTC as well as the two proposed schemes namely 1.Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for DTC-SVM and 2.Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller for DTC-SVM respectively for IM and its results, The two proposed schemes uses Hybrid Asymmetric Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (HASVPWM) for switching the inverter. The Section 5 revels about the modern advanced techniques such as ANN and FLC based DTC.
Synthesis of Nano-Composites Mg2TiO4 Powders via Mechanical Alloying Method and Characterization
Authors: Kumar Bhuyan Ranjan , Kisan Bhagban , Kumar Parida Santosh , Patra Soumya , Kumar Sunil
Published: November 2020

In this chapter a systematic investigation of impact of mechanical activation on structural, microstructural, thermal and optical properties of MgO – TiO2 nanocrystalline composite system, synthesized via high energy ball milling techniques. Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot method was employed to understand the signature of the broadening in the XRD peaks and for the estimation of crystallite size of MgO – TiO2 nanocrystalline composite system. It revealed that the peak broadening is not only due to reduced coherently diffracting domain size but also due to a significant strain distribution. The calculated strain was 9.01× 10−3 and the average crystallite sizes were 40–60 nm for 35 hours (hrs) milled powder and this result is very much consistent with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The SAED ring pattern indicates that the phase of Mg2TiO4 - nanoparticles was polycrystalline in structure and the distance between crystalline planes was consistent with the standard pattern for a spinel Mg2TiO4 crystal structure. To analyze the lattice fringes for the 35 hrs milled samples high resolution-TEM (HR-TEM) study was carried out and the result revealed that the each particle has single crystalline structure. Morphological studies were carried out by using SEM analysis. The thermal decomposition behavior of the milled powders was examined by a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) in argon atmosphere. Also, MTO nanoparticles showed a strong absorption at ~356 nm and the band gap values ranged between 3.26-3.78 eV with an increase of milling time from 0 to 35 hr. The mechanically derived MTO nanoparticles showed promising optical properties which are suitable for commercial optoelectronic applications.
Is EEG a Useful Examination Tool for Diagnosis of Epilepsy and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders?
Authors: Azuma Hideki
Published: November 2020

Diagnosis of epilepsy usually involves interviewing the patients and the individuals who witnessed the seizure. An electroencephalogram (EEG) adds useful information for the diagnosis of epilepsy when epileptic abnormalities emerge. EEG exhibits nonlinearity and weak stationarity. Thus, nonlinear EEG analysis may be useful for clinical application. We examined only about English language studies of nonlinear EEG analysis that compared normal EEG and interictal EEG and reported the accuracy. We identified 60 studies from the public data of Andrzejak 2001 and two studies that did not use the data of Andrzejak 2001. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy were not reported in nonlinear EEG analysis except for one case series of comorbid psychotic disorders. Using a variety of feature extraction methods and classifier methods, we concluded that the studies that used the data of Andrzejak 2001 played a valuable role in EEG diagnosis of epilepsy. In the future, according to the evolution of artificial intelligence, deep learning, new nonlinear analysis methods, and the EEG association with the rating scale of the quality of life and psychiatric symptoms, we anticipate that EEG diagnosis of epilepsy, seizures, and comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy will be possible.
Hyperbaric Oxygenation in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Louis Beckman Robert
Published: November 2020

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy can help heal brain wounds: TBI/PTSD/Concussion. Peer-reviewed positive scientific and clinical evidence in over 7500 cases demonstrates that HBOT helps heal wounded brains and returns patients to a life denied them by DOD/VA/Army that will not talk about, or even use or pay for HBOT treatment for TBI/PTSD/PCS/Concussion. Successful treatment with HBOT [40 one-hour sessions] virtually eliminates suicidal ideation, an effective “suicide prevention” method. Patients also reduce their drug intake to nearly zero and experience 50% reduction in pain and time to withdrawal. The history of HBOT for TBI is littered with bad science, but evidence-based and clinical medicine data show the safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness of HBOT as a standard of care that should be put on-label and insured.
Проблемы ядерных технологий и радиационной безопасности
Authors: Пронских Виталий Станиславович ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: November 2020

В статье обсуждаются этические проблемы, возникающие в ходе развития ядерных технологий, и сопутствующие вопросы радиационной безопасности. Уделено внимание этическим дилеммам и их возможным решениям. Выполнен критический анализ соответствующих дискуссий, ведущихся, в первую очередь, в англоязычной литературе, и обсуждена специфика, связанная с их переносом в российский контекст. Рассмотрены этические проблемы, возникающие в контексте исчерпания запасов урановых ресурсов и обращения с ядерными отходами и включающие неизбежные риски для настоящего и будущих поколений. Среди них меж- и внутрипо-коленческая справедливость (проблема Гардинера) и проблема идентичности будущих поколений (проблема Парфита); проблемы коллективности и индивидуальности в оценке допустимых радиационных доз для работников ядерных предприятий и населения, относящиеся к необходимости комбинирования деонтологического и утилитаристского подходов в практике радиационной защиты. Показываются культурные различия в отношении к безопасности нынешнего и будущих поколений населения стран и регионов и коррелирующая с ними неоднозначность в выборе технологии ядерных реакторов, длительного захоронения или переработки ядерных отходов; двойные стандарты в обеспечении радиационной безопасности персонала ядерных объектов и населения; этические проблемы компенсации рисков работникам радиационно-опасных производств; вопросы гендерных различий в чувствительности к радиационному воздействию, гендерного равенства и дискриминации по отношению к доступу к рынку труда в атомной промышленности. Отмечается важность социогуманитарного обсуждения этических проблем ядерных технологий и радиационной безопасности. Оно в настоящий момент практически отсутствует в русскоязычной философской литературе, несмотря на его исключительную важность ввиду как уровня развития ядерной энергетики в России, так и потенциальных рисков, которые эти технологии несут нынешнему и будущим поколениям сотрудников ядерных объектов, а также населению страны, соседних стран и мира. Задача настоящей статьи – инициировать такую дискуссию.
Платформенный урбанизм и положение работников
Authors: Хусяинов Тимур Маратович ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: November 2020

В данной реплике к дискуссии о платформенном урбанизме автор уделяет внимание отдельному аспекту влияния внедрения платформ на рынок труда. Проникновение платформ в городское пространство оказывает заметное воздействие на общественные структуры и отношения, в том числе и на трудовую деятельность, меняя специфику занятости, условия труда, и сказывается на положении самих работников. Так, можно предположить, что далеко не каждый способен встроиться в новые условия профессиональной деятельности, а значит будет вынужден либо отказаться от нее, либо проявлять определенного рода активность для поиска клиентов вне платформенных механизмов. Кроме того, автор делает предположение, что с развитием и распространением платформ в городском пространстве и ростом массивов собираемых данных, наряду с теневым рынком труда, будет возникать и теневая территория, где в том числе будет реали-зовываться и определенная трудовая деятельность, скрывающаяся от надзорных органов.
Нормативная природа институтов малой и большой науки
Authors: Волков Юрий Константинович ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматриваются институциональные особенности малой и большой науки как двух нормативно ориентированных форм сообщества ученых и стадий процесса развития науки в целом. Показано, что, несмотря на сложившееся в науковедении относительно устойчивое понимание различий между малой и большой наукой, кардинально изменившийся статус последней, а также новые трактовки внутреннего содержания первой требуют уточнения их общих и специальных признаков. Отмеченные обстоятельства определили актуальность темы преемственности институтов малой и большой науки в условиях формирования ее новых организационных форм. Формальнологическим основанием для реализации указанной цели является отсутствия ясного указания на наличие у институтов малой и большой науки их общего родового признака. В качестве методологической ориентации и содержательной предпосылки сущностного понимания науки в статье используется парадигмальная концепция, которая представляется наиболее релевантным вариантом институционального подхода. Отмечено, что ключевым понятием парадигмальной доктрины выступает концепт «дисциплинарная матрица», нормативным элементом которой являются образцовые способы решения научных задач. Отсюда делается вывод о том, что парадигмаматрица представляет собой нормативный компонент института науки, призванный обеспечить ее эффективное и стабильное функционирование. Как показывает проведенный анализ компонентов нормативной структуры, имеется принципиальное сходство между констатирующей частью технических норм и результатами научных исследований. Отмеченное совпадение позволяет идентифицировать институт науки как нормативную форму деятельности, реализуемую в составе научного сообщества. В заключительной части статьи показаны различия в конституирующих признаках целевых союзов малой и большой науки и сформулированы следующие выводы. Основным отличием целевых объединений малой науки выступает их внутренне автокефальный и внешне гетерономный характер. В свою очередь, органи-зации большой науки представляют собой объединения гетерокефального типа, которые сохраняют моральную, политическую и идеологическую зависимость от общества и государства, однако опираются в своей профессиональной деятельности на гетерономные предписания института науки в целом.
Impact of US-China Trade War on Graduate School Selection
Authors: Swanson Brian A. , Swanson Mary K. , Wang Huan
Published: November 2020

In 2018, tensions between China and the US became increasingly heightened through escalation of the US-China trade war.  This case study examines the impact of this trade war on Chinese students’ desired study abroad location.  Through surveying 596 Chinese students and interviewing 40 Chinese students planning to study abroad.  The article examines to what extent the trade war influenced their decision regarding which country they desired to pursue further education.  Additionally, the case study explores closely related issues designed to better understand how the student is affected by the Chinese media environment. Highlighted issues include whether the trade war will affect the students’ purchases of foreign-made consumer goods, how students obtain their news regarding the trade war, and to what extent students’ views differ from their parents.  Findings indicate that these political events have not had a significant impact on educational preferences, but have influenced consumer good choices.  The research also re-examines student motivating factors and suggests specific strategies to maximize Chinese student enrollment in foreign higher learning institutions.
Killer Stories: 'Globalizing' the Grotesque in Alain Mabanckou's African Psycho and Leïla Slimani's Chanson douce
Authors: Arens Sarah
Published: November 2020

Focusing on Leïla Slimani's Chanson douce (2016) and Alain Mabanckou's African Psycho (2003), this article traces a grotesque aesthetics that draws on other globally circulated texts, such as North American crime fiction, the literary trope of the serial killer and the 'evil mother',
as well as on the recognition value of the city of Paris to appeal to a global, and in particular Western readership. While this new aesthetics is clearly informed by previous generations of African literature, such as the texts that have served to illustrate Achille Mbembe's articulation
of the grotesque, the 'commandement' in Slimani and Mabanckou's novels is exercised by less tangible dynamics of transnational capitalism, class differentiation, gender stereotypes, and social marginalisation. The article considers the ways in which both Slimani and Mabanckou's narratives
place a new importance on, and instrumentalize the role of the audience — as readership — by making them a central element of their representation of the grotesque. The writers' public performance of their identities as celebrity literary authors then serves to better understand
how their re-configuration of the grotesque as a 'globalized' aesthetic extends to a re-thinking of what African literature in French and its authors are today on the world literary market.