bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nipah@20: Lessons Learned from Another Virus with Pandemic Potential
Authors: Gómez Román Raúl , Wang Lin-Fa , Lee Benhur , Halpin Kim , de Wit Emmie , Broder Christopher C. , Rahman Mahmudur , Kristiansen Paul , Saville Melanie
Published: July 2020

Nipah disease is listed as one of the WHO priority diseases that pose the greatest public health risk due to their epidemic potential. More than 200 experts from around the world convened in Singapore last year to mark the 20th anniversary of the first Nipah virus outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore. Most of these experts are now involved in responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, members of the Organizing Committee of the 2019 Nipah Virus International Conference review highlights from the Nipah@20 Conference and reflect on key lessons learned from Nipah that could be applied to the understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic and to preparedness against future emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of pandemic potential.
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4 in an Indian child: presentation, initial course and novel compound heterozygous mutation
Authors: Mirza Nida , Bharadwaj Ravi , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam
Published: July 2020

A 15-year-old boy who had a history of on and off pruritus and jaundice since many years found to have a novel mutation in TJP2 gene. On examination, he had clubbing, splenomegaly, grade 3 oesophageal varices and short stature. Investigation revealed direct hyperbirubinemia with elevated liver enzymes with normal gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Antinuclear antibody (ANA), smooth muscle antibody (SMA) anti-liver kidney microsomal (anti-LKM) and viral markers for hepatitis were negative. However, IgG was elevated and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) was weekly positive (1:20). He was also given a trial of steroid and azathioprine for 1 year on the basis of liver biopsy findings, raised IgG and positive ASMA but finding no improvement stopped. Genetic testing by next-generation sequencing found a novel compound heterozygous missense variation in exon 17 of the TJP2 gene confirming progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 4 as the aetiology of cholestatic liver disease.
Sixth cranial nerve palsy secondary to compression by dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery
Authors: Jeeva-Patel Trishal , Margolin Edward A , Mandell Daniel
Published: July 2020

Dolichoectasia refers to distinct elongation, dilatation and tortuosity of an artery. We present a rare well-illustrated case of dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery compressing the cisternal portion of the sixth cranial nerve resulting in chronic sixth nerve palsy. High spatial resolution, three-dimensional, heavily T2-weighted MRI sequences are uniquely positioned to assess the cranial nerves especially in their cisternal and canalicular portions and need to be performed for all patients with non-resolving cranial nerve palsies. Dolichoectatic vessels can be the cause of neurovascular conflict and cause non-resolving oculomotor palsies.
Giant cervicomediastinal thymic cyst in an elderly: diagnosis by multimodality imaging and fine-needle aspiration cytology with immunocytochemistry
Authors: Mohakud Sudipta , Sethy Madhusmita , Naik Suprava , Mohapatra Prasanta Raghab
Published: July 2020

A 65-year-old woman, a non-smoker, presented to the pulmonary medicine outpatient department with chest pain, mild dyspnoea, right side neck swelling and mild facial puffiness. The cervical swelling was soft, non-tender and fluctuant on palpation. Multimodality imaging revealed a large, thin-walled cervicomediastinal cystic lesion with septations, haemorrhage, septal calcification and without any solid component. Image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology from the septa with immunocytochemistry helped to establish the thymic origin and benign nature of the cyst preoperatively and differentiate it from cystic thymoma, lymphangioma, thymic carcinoma or lymphoma with confidence. As the haemorrhage resolved, the size of the swelling was significantly reduced, and the patient became asymptomatic due to which she deferred surgery but remained on close follow-up and was doing well. Thymic cysts can occur in a cervicomediastinal location, rare in elderly age, usually asymptomatic and clinically apparent when intracystic haemorrhage leads to an increase in size and chest pain.
Randomised, multicentre prospective trial of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus sorafenib as compared with TACE alone in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: TACTICS trial
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Ueshima Kazuomi , Ikeda Masafumi , Torimura Takuji , Tanabe Nobukazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Izumi Namiki , Yamasaki Takahiro , Nojiri Shunsuke , Hino Keisuke , Tsumura Hidetaka , Kuzuya Teiji , Isoda Norio , Yasui Kohichiroh , Aino Hajime , Ido Akio , Kawabe Naoto , Nakao Kazuhiko , Wada Yoshiyuki , Yokosuka Osamu , Yoshimura Kenichi , Okusaka Takuji , Furuse Junji , Kokudo Norihiro , Okita Kiwamu , Johnson Philip James , Arai Yasuaki
Published: July 2020

Objective

This trial compared the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus sorafenib with TACE alone using a newly established TACE-specific endpoint and pre-treatment of sorafenib before initial TACE.

Design

Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were randomised to TACE plus sorafenib (n=80) or TACE alone (n=76). Patients in the combination group received sorafenib 400 mg once daily for 2–3 weeks before TACE, followed by 800 mg once daily during on-demand conventional TACE sessions until time to untreatable (unTACEable) progression (TTUP), defined as untreatable tumour progression, transient deterioration to Child-Pugh C or appearance of vascular invasion/extrahepatic spread. Co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), which is not a conventional one but defined as TTUP, or time to any cause of death plus overall survival (OS). Multiplicity was adjusted by gatekeeping hierarchical testing.

Results

Median PFS was significantly longer in the TACE plus sorafenib than in the TACE alone group (25.2 vs 13.5 months; p=0.006). OS was not analysed because only 73.6% of OS events were reached. Median TTUP (26.7 vs 20.6 months; p=0.02) was also significantly longer in the TACE plus sorafenib group. OS at 1 year and 2 years in TACE plus sorafenib group and TACE alone group were 96.2% and 82.7% and 77.2% and 64.6%, respectively. There were no unexpected toxicities.

Conclusion

TACE plus sorafenib significantly improved PFS over TACE alone in patients with unresectable HCC. Adverse events were consistent with those of previous TACE combination trials.

Trial registration number

NCT01217034.
Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis in a dog with seizures and suspected hyperadrenocorticism in the United Kingdom
Authors: Alonzi Consuelo , Ellis J , Corbetta D , Grau‐Roma L , Valls F
Published: July 2020

A twelve‐year‐old female entire Lurcher‐cross dog presented for investigation of an acute onset of cluster seizures and elevation of the liver enzymes. Physical examination was unremarkable; neurological examination was suggestive of diffuse forebrain involvement. Abdominal ultrasound documented a hyperechoic hepatic parenchyma, bilateral adrenomegaly and a splenic irregular hypoechoic nodule. Splenic cytology revealed inflammation and numerous fungal elements. Low dose dexamethasone suppression test suggested the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. Magnetic resonance (MRI) of the brain revealed multifocal cerebral lesions. Anti‐fungal therapy was started, but no clinical response was seen and euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of systemic mycosis with involvement of the brain and liver. Systemic mycoses are uncommonly reported in the UK, but this case report raises the importance of considering fungal encephalitis as a differential diagnosis in dogs with seizures and in particular in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, as this endocrinopathy may act as a predisposing factor.
Qanuq ukua kanguit sunialiqpitigu?(What should we do with all of these geese?) Collaborative research to support wildlife co-management and Inuit self-determination
Authors: Henri Dominique A. , Carter Natalie A. , Irkok Aupaa , Nipisar Shelton , Emiktaut Lenny , Saviakjuk Bobbie , Salliq Project Management Committee  , Arviat Project Management Committee  , Ljubicic Gita J. , Smith Paul A. , Johnston Vicky
Published: July 2020

Inuit living in Nunavut have harvested light geese and lived near goose colonies for generations. Inuit knowledge includes important information about light goose ecology and management that can inform co-management and enhance scientific research and monitoring. Since the 1970s, populations of light geese (Snow and Ross’ Geese; kanguit and kangunnait in Inuktut; Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chen rossii (Cassin, 1861)) have experienced significant increases in abundance which led to habitat alteration in some portions of the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. In response to concerns expressed by Inuit and wildlife managers about light goose abundance, we conducted a collaborative research project in Arviat and Salliq (Coral Harbour), Nunavut, aiming to mobilize and document Inuit knowledge about light goose ecology and management in the Kivalliq region. Here, we explore the potential of collaborative research for mobilizing Inuit knowledge to support informed and inclusive decision-making about wildlife resources. First, we describe the participatory research methods employed to explore Inuit-identified management recommendations for light geese and engage co-management partners and research contributors to explore select management options. Then, we present these light goose management recommendations and options. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and challenges around the use of collaborative research to support wildlife co-management and Inuit self-determination.

Inuit nunaqaqtut Nunavuumi angunasuksimalirmata kanguqpangnik kangurniglu nunaqarvingita sanianni araagunik unuqtunnik. Inuit qaujimaningat ilaqaqpuq aturnilingnik kanguit niqinginnik mianirijauninginniklu tusaumatitaulutik qaujisarningit mianiriyaunigillu. Taimangat 1970s atuqtilugit, kanguit unirningit (kanguit amma kanguaryuit Inuktut; Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) amma Chen rossii (Cassin, 1861)) ayunganaqtukut pisimangmata unulialiqlutik amma niqiqatiarungnauqlutik Kanataup uqiuktaqtunngani. Tamana piblugu Inuit uumayuliriyillu isumaalulirmata kanguit unulualirninginnik, taima qaujisarnirmik pigialauqpugut Arvianni and Sallim (Coral Harbour), Nunavuumi, aulataulutik amma qaujisagaulutik Inuit kaujimajagit kangurnik Kivallirmi. Tavani atuqtuuluaqtunik qaujisarnirmut mianiqsinirmullu pitaqaqpuq Inuit nagminiq isumaliurlutik nirjutinut atugaksanullu. Sivullirmik, qaujisarniup qanuinninga isumagilugu kanguit mianirijauninginut. Amma suli, uqausirilirlugu kanguit mianirijauningat atugaujuuluaqtullu. Kingulirmik, uqausirilugu atuinnaujut amma ajurutaujut qaujisarniup iluanni nirjutinik amma Inuit nagminiq aulatuulualirninginnik.
Use of a bounding surface model in predicting element tests and capacity in boundary value problems
Authors: Roy A. , Chow S.H. , O’Loughlin C.D. , Randolph M.F. , Whyte S.
Published: July 2020

The paper examines the merit of a bounding surface plasticity model at both element and system level. The governing equations are based essentially on the parent bounding surface plasticity model reported by Dafalias and Manzari in 2004 with some simple yet practical changes to enable realistic predictions for monotonic loading along different load paths. This is achieved by scaling the influence of the state parameter based on a normalised measure of anisotropy, thus leading to suitable change in dilatancy and plastic modulus for different loading directions. The paper presents a simple optimisation technique for calibrating the model parameters, providing an objective approach to reduce the uncertainties in parameter determination that leads to good agreement with responses measured in drained and undrained triaxial tests. The model has also been implemented for the boundary value problem of a buried circular plate anchor and a surface circular footing. Comparisons of the simulated responses with those measured in centrifuge tests demonstrate the potential of the model, whilst also pointing to the challenges in capturing the global response at all strain levels, even for rather simple boundary value problems.
Some pioneering Canadian women chemists: lives and contributions
Authors: Rayner-Canham Marelene , Rayner-Canham Geoff
Published: July 2020

During Dr. Margaret-Ann Armour’s career, she was always passionate about the need to encourage more young women to enter chemistry and chemistry-related careers. One way of doing this is by means of role models, specifically to share stories of previous generations of Canadian women chemists. In fact, it is necessary to make them aware that there were Canadian women chemists, even at the beginning of the 20th century. Yet, no unitary source of information on Canadian women chemists has existed. This contribution will provide six selected life stories to partially remedy this deficiency and to offer those who wish to inspire future generations of women chemists with names and stories from the past. The individuals included here are Maude Menten, Clara Benson, Mary Dover, Bella Marcuse, Carol Edna Robertson (Maass), and Norah Vernon Barry (Toole).
Symplectic quandles and parabolic representations of 2-bridge knots and links
Authors: Jo Kyeonghee , Kim Hyuk
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the parabolic representations of 2-bridge links by finiding arc coloring vectors on the Conway diagram. The method we use is to convert the system of conjugation quandle equations to that of symplectic quandle equations. In this approach, we have an integer coefficient monic polynomial [Formula: see text] for each 2-bridge link [Formula: see text], and each zero of this polynomial gives a set of arc coloring vectors on the diagram of [Formula: see text] satisfying the system of symplectic quandle equations, which gives an explicit formula for a parabolic representation of [Formula: see text]. We then explain how these arc coloring vectors give us the closed form formulas of the complex volume and the cusp shape of the representation. As other applications of this method, we show some interesting arithmetic properties of the Riley polynomial and of the trace field, and also describe a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of epimorphisms between 2-bridge link groups in terms of divisibility of the corresponding Riley polynomials.
DOES THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWIN DEFICITS VARY OVER TIME? EVIDENCE FROM A BOOTSTRAP ROLLING WINDOW APPROACH
Authors: LIU TIE-YING , GU ZI-CHEN
Published: July 2020

This paper uses the bootstrap rolling window approach to analyze the dynamic causal relationship between the fiscal deficit and the trade deficit in the US from 1901 to 2018. We find the origination and termination of each causality period by considering the structural breaks. The results show that the fiscal deficit had a positive impact on the trade deficit from 1946 to 1956, from 1982 to 1998, in 2000 and from 2002 to 2008, which is in accord with the results of the Mundell–Fleming model, while it had a negative impact from 1937 to 1945. The trade deficit had a positive impact on the fiscal deficit from 1940 to 1942, from 1959 to 1975 and from 1981 to 1994, mainly due to the World War II, oil crisis and trade friction with Japan. It means that the fiscal policy of American federal government can affect the external imbalance.
Gordian complexes of knots and virtual knots given by region crossing changes and arc shift moves
Authors: Gill Amrendra , Prabhakar Madeti , Vesnin Andrei
Published: July 2020

Gordian complex of knots was defined by Hirasawa and Uchida as the simplicial complex whose vertices are knot isotopy classes in [Formula: see text]. Later Horiuchi and Ohyama defined Gordian complex of virtual knots using [Formula: see text]-move and forbidden moves. In this paper, we discuss Gordian complex of knots by region crossing change and Gordian complex of virtual knots by arc shift move. Arc shift move is a local move in the virtual knot diagram which results in reversing orientation locally between two consecutive crossings. We show the existence of an arbitrarily high-dimensional simplex in both the Gordian complexes, i.e. by region crossing change and by the arc shift move. For any given knot (respectively, virtual knot) diagram we construct an infinite family of knots (respectively, virtual knots) such that any two distinct members of the family have distance one by region crossing change (respectively, arc shift move). We show that the constructed virtual knots have the same affine index polynomial.
Retinal blood vessels detection for diabetic retinopathy with Ridgelet transform and convolution neural network
Authors: Yadav Nirmal
Published: July 2020

Applying machine learning in life sciences, especially diagnostics, has become a key area of focus for researchers. Combining machine learning with traditional algorithms provides a unique opportunity of providing better solutions for the patients. In this paper, we present study results of applying the Ridgelet Transform method on retina images to enhance the blood vessels, then using machine learning algorithms to identify cases of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The Ridgelet transform provides better results for line singularity of image function and, thus, helps to reduce artefacts along the edges of the image. The Ridgelet Transform method, when compared with earlier known methods of image enhancement, such as Wavelet Transform and Contourlet Transform, provided satisfactory results. The transformed image using the Ridgelet Transform method with pre-processing quantifies the amount of information in the dataset. It efficiently enhances the generation of features vectors in the convolution neural network (CNN). In this study, a sample of fundus photographs was processed, which was obtained from a publicly available dataset. In pre-processing, first, CLAHE was applied, followed by filtering and application of Ridgelet transform on the patches to improve the quality of the image. Then, this processed image was used for statistical feature detection and classified by deep learning method to detect DR images from the dataset. The successful classification ratio was 98.61%. This result concludes that the transformed image of fundus using the Ridgelet Transform enables better detection by leveraging a transform-based algorithm and the deep learning.
Naturally reductive homogeneous (α,β) spaces
Authors: Bahmandoust Parisa , Latifi Dariush
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study naturally reductive [Formula: see text]-metrics on homogeneous manifolds. We show that naturally reductive [Formula: see text]-metrics arise only when [Formula: see text] is naturally reductive and some conditions on [Formula: see text] is satisfied. We give an explicit formula for the flag curvature of naturally reductive [Formula: see text]metrics which improves the flag curvature formula of naturally reductive Randers metrics given in [D. Latifi, Naturally reductive homogeneous Randers spaces, J. Geom. Phys. 60 (2010) 1968–1973]. As a special case, we give an explicit formula for the flag curvature of bi-invariant [Formula: see text]-metrics on Lie groups.
Wormhole models with exotic matter in Rastall gravity
Authors: Mustafa G. , Xia Tie-Cheng
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we examine the wormhole solutions by taking two different anisotropic models in Rastall gravity. For this purpose, we shall discuss anisotropic fluid to construct two different anisotropic models. Further, we shall employ two specific shape functions to calculate the behavior of energy conditions. The presence of exotic matter is confirmed in all the cases of this study due to the violation of the null energy condition. All the properties of shape function under both anisotropic models are fulfilled. It is noticed that wormhole solutions exist under the particular values of involved parameters in different cases in Rastall gravity.
Classification of proper non-static cylindrically symmetric perfect fluid space-times via conformal vector fields in f(R) gravity
Authors: Hussain Fiaz , Shabbir Ghulam , Malik Shabeela , Ramzan Muhammad , Kara A. H.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we classify proper non-static cylindrically symmetric (CS) perfect fluid space-times via conformal vector fields (CVFs) in the [Formula: see text] gravity. In order to classify the space-times, we use the algebraic and direct integration approaches. In the process of classification, there exist 23 cases for which the considered space-times become proper non-static. By studying each case in detail, we find that the conformal vector fields are of dimensions two, three and fifteen in the [Formula: see text] gravity.
Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of α-MnO2 Nanowires Through Ag Doping
Authors: Wu Zixu , Li Guangxing , Liao Qin , Ding Ruida , Zuo Xuze , Liu Qilin , He Hao , Chen Shuguang
Published: July 2020

Enhancing the catalytic activity of manganese oxide in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key issue for its large-scale application in metal-air fuel cells. Ag-doped [Formula: see text]-MnO2 nanowires without Ag or Ag2O have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method, and the changes in both the structure and electrochemical catalytic performances after Ag doping are investigated. Compared with the pristine [Formula: see text]-MnO2, the as-prepared Ag-doped MnO2 exhibits a significantly enhanced catalytic activity in both ORR and Mg-air fuel cell application. With Ag/Mn ratio of 1:25, Ag-doped MnO2 exhibits a typical 4e-reaction pathway and presents a 163 mV higher half-wave potential than that of the pristine [Formula: see text]-MnO2. Furthermore, it demonstrates a power density of 75.1[Formula: see text]mW[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] at current density of 134.5[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] in the Mg-air fuel cells. The enhanced ORR performances are considered to be contributed from the activation of surface lattice oxygen, the improvement in conductivity and the increase in oxygen vacancies of [Formula: see text]-MnO2. These findings provide new understanding for developing high-performance manganese oxide catalysts.
Hopf bifurcation analysis of predator–prey model with two delays and disease transmission
Authors: Shi Renxiang
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the Hopf bifurcation of predator–prey system with two delays and disease transmission. Furthermore, the global existence of bifurcated periodic solution was studied, the influence of disease transmission is given. At last, some simulations are given to support our result.
Blockchain applications, challenges and evaluation: A survey
Authors: Cong Xin , Zi Lingling
Published: July 2020

Blockchain is a promising technology, which may change the way of transactions and affect our lives in the future, and has attracted the attention of more and more scholars recently. This paper provides an overview of the important issues of blockchain and the aim is to lead researchers to comprehensive understand applications, challenges and evaluation from the technical perspective. The basic technology including authorization, incentive and consensus is presented, focusing on their latest methods. Then, a wide range of blockchain applications are described. Specially, some of the latest intersection and integration areas with blockchain are introduced. Moreover, research challenges of blockchain are summarized and analyzed. Finally, evaluation metrics of blockchain are presented and as far as we know, these metrics are first designed for evaluating blockchain performance.
South Korea’s China Policy
Authors: CHOO Jaewoo
Published: July 2020

South Korea’s Moon Jae-in government has four China policy goals: (i) to resolve the THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defence) issue with China; (ii) to persuade China to play a more active role in North Korea’s denuclearisation process; (iii) to facilitate Chinese President Xi Jinping’s reciprocal visit to South Korea; and (iv) to connect the Belt and Road Initiative with President Moon’s “New Northern Policy”, which is ultimately driven to induce Xi’s reciprocal visit.
Untangling the Annot sand fairway: structure and stratigraphy of the Eastern Champsaur Basin (Eocene–Oligocene), French Alps
Authors: Butler Robert W. H. , Lickorish Henry W. , Vinnels Jamie , McCaffrey William D.
Published: July 2020

Early foredeep successions can yield insight into tectonic processes operating adjacent to and ahead of fledgling orogenic belts but are commonly deformed by the same orogens. We develop a workflow towards stratigraphic understanding of these deformed basins, applied to the Eastern Champsaur Basin of the French Alps. This contains a down-system correlative of the southern-sourced (Eocene–Oligocene) Annot turbidites. These strata are deformed by arrays of west-facing folds that developed beneath the Embrunais–Ubaye tectonic allochthon. The folds vary in geometry through the stratigraphic multilayer. Total shortening in the basin is around 4 km and the restored (un-decompacted) stratal thickness exceeds 980 m. The turbidites are generally sand-rich and bed-sets can be correlated through the entire fold train. The succession shows onlap and differential thickening indicating deposition across palaeobathymetry that evolved during active basement deformation, before being overridden by the allochthon. The sand system originally continued over what is now the Ecrins basement massif that, although contributing to basin floor structure, served only to confine and potentially focus further sediment transport to the north. Deformation ahead of the main Alpine orogen appears to have continued progressively, and the past definition of distinct ‘phases’ (‘pre-’ and ‘post-Nummulitic’) is an artefact of the stratigraphic record.
Being the Center of Attention
Authors: Dotti Dario , Popa Mirela , Asteriadis Stylianos
Published: July 2020

This article proposes a novel study on personality recognition using video data from different scenarios. Our goal is to jointly model nonverbal behavioral cues with contextual information for a robust, multi-scenario, personality recognition system. Therefore, we build a novel multi-stream Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework, which considers multiple sources of information. From a given scenario, we extract spatio-temporal motion descriptors from every individual in the scene, spatio-temporal motion descriptors encoding social group dynamics, and proxemics descriptors to encode the interaction with the surrounding context. All the proposed descriptors are mapped to the same feature space facilitating the overall learning effort. Experiments on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of jointly modeling the mutual Person-Context information, outperforming the state-of-the art-results for personality recognition in two different scenarios. Last, we present CNN class activation maps for each personality trait, shedding light on behavioral patterns linked with personality attributes.
Personality Sensing
Authors: Taib Ronnie , Berkovsky Shlomo , Koprinska Irena , Wang Eileen , Zeng Yucheng , Li Jingjie
Published: July 2020

Personality detection is an important task in psychology, as different personality traits are linked to different behaviours and real-life outcomes. Traditionally it involves filling out lengthy questionnaires, which is time-consuming, and may also be unreliable if respondents do not fully understand the questions or are not willing to honestly answer them. In this article, we propose a framework for objective personality detection that leverages humans’ physiological responses to external stimuli. We exemplify and evaluate the framework in a case study, where we expose subjects to affective image and video stimuli, and capture their physiological responses using non-invasive commercial-grade eye-tracking and skin conductivity sensors. These responses are then processed and used to build a machine learning classifier capable of accurately predicting a wide range of personality traits. We investigate and discuss the performance of various machine learning methods, the most and least accurately predicted traits, and also assess the importance of the different stimuli, features, and physiological signals. Our work demonstrates that personality traits can be accurately detected, suggesting the applicability of the proposed framework for robust personality detection and use by psychology practitioners and researchers, as well as designers of personalised interactive systems.
Smell Pittsburgh
Authors: Hsu Yen-Chia , Cross Jennifer , Dille Paul , Tasota Michael , Dias Beatrice , Sargent Randy , Huang Ting-Hao (Kenneth) , Nourbakhsh Illah
Published: July 2020

Urban air pollution has been linked to various human health concerns, including cardiopulmonary diseases. Communities who suffer from poor air quality often rely on experts to identify pollution sources due to the lack of accessible tools. Taking this into account, we developedSmell Pittsburgh, a system that enables community members to report odors and track where these odors are frequently concentrated. All smell report data are publicly accessible online. These reports are also sent to the local health department and visualized on a map along with air quality data from monitoring stations. This visualization provides a comprehensive overview of the local pollution landscape. Additionally, with these reports and air quality data, we developed a model to predict upcoming smell events and send push notifications to inform communities. We also applied regression analysis to identify statistically significant effects of push notifications on user engagement. Our evaluation of this system demonstrates that engaging residents in documenting their experiences with pollution odors can help identify local air pollution patterns and can empower communities to advocate for better air quality. All citizen-contributed smell data are publicly accessible and can be downloaded fromhttps://smellpgh.org.
Affect-Aware Word Clouds
Authors: Kulahcioglu Tugba , Melo Gerard De
Published: July 2020

Word clouds are widely used for non-analytic purposes, such as introducing a topic to students, or creating a gift with personally meaningful text. Surveys show that users prefer tools that yield word clouds with a stronger emotional impact. Fonts and color palettes are powerful typographical signals that may determine this impact. Typically, these signals are assigned randomly, or expected to be chosen by the users. We present an affect-aware font and color palette selection methodology that aims to facilitate more informed choices. We infer associations of fonts with a set of eight affects, and evaluate the resulting data in a series of user studies both on individual words as well as in word clouds. Relying on a recent study to procure affective color palettes, we carry out a similar user study to understand the impact of color choices on word clouds. Our findings suggest that both fonts and color palettes are powerful tools contributing to the affects evoked by a word cloud. The experiments further confirm that the novel datasets we propose are successful in enabling this. We also find that, for the majority of the affects, both signals need to be congruent to create a stronger impact. Based on this data, we implement a prototype that allows users to specify a desired affect and recommends congruent fonts and color palettes for the word.
SDN Enabled QoE and Security Framework for Multimedia Applications in 5G Networks
Authors: Krishnan Prabhakar , Jain Kurunandan , Jose Pramod George , Achuthan Krishnashree , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: July 2020

The technologies for real-time multimedia transmission and immersive 3D gaming applications are rapidly emerging, posing challenges in terms of performance, security, authentication, data privacy, and encoding. The communication channel for these multimedia applications must be secure and reliable from network attack vectors and data-contents must employ strong encryption to preserve privacy and confidentiality. Towards delivering secure multimedia application environment for 5G networks, we propose an SDN/NFV (Software-Defined-Networking/Network-Function-Virtualization) framework called
STREK
, which attempts to deliver highly adaptable
Quality-of-Experience
(QoE), Security, and Authentication functions for multi-domain Cloud to Edge networks. The
STREK
architecture consists of a holistic SDNFV dataplane, NFV service-chaining and network slicing, a lightweight adaptable hybrid cipher scheme called
TREK,
and an open RESTful API for applications to deploy custom policies at runtime for multimedia services. For multi-domain/small-cell deployments, the key-generation scheme is dynamic at flow/session-level, and the handover authentication scheme uses a novel method to exchange security credentials with the Access Points (APs) of neighborhood cells. This scheme is designed to improve authentication function during handover with low overhead, delivering the 5G ultra-low latency requirements. We present the experiments with both software and hardware-based implementations and compare our solution with popular lightweight cryptographic solutions, standard open source software, and SDN-based research proposals for 5G multimedia. In the microbenchmarks,
STREK
achieves smaller hardware, low overhead, low computation, higher attack resistance, and offers better network performance for multimedia streaming applications. In real-time multimedia use-cases,
STREK
shows greater level of quality distortion for multimedia contents with minimal encryption bitrate overhead to deliver data confidentiality, immunity to common cryptanalysis, and significant resistance to communication channel attacks, in the context of low-latency 5G networks.
MultiZ
Authors: Aguirre-Mesa Andres M. , Garcia Manuel J. , Millwater Harry
Published: July 2020

Multicomplex and multidual numbers are two generalizations of complex numbers with multiple imaginary axes, useful for numerical computation of derivatives with machine precision. The similarities between multicomplex and multidual algebras allowed us to create a unified library to use either one for sensitivity analysis. This library can be used to compute arbitrary order derivates of functions of a single variable or multiple variables. The storage of matrix representations of multicomplex and multidual numbers is avoided using a combination of one-dimensional resizable arrays and an indexation method based on binary bitwise operations. To provide high computational efficiency and low memory usage, the multiplication of hypercomplex numbers up to sixth order is carried out using a hard-coded algorithm. For higher hypercomplex orders, the library uses by default a multiplication method based on binary bitwise operations. The computation of algebraic and transcendental functions is achieved using a Taylor series approximation. Fortran and Python versions were developed, and extensions to other languages are self-evident.
Multi Agent Based Intrusion Detection System using Artificial Immune System for Distributed Network
Authors: Saxena Aumreesh Kumar , Sinha Sitesh Kumar , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Shukla Prashant , Maheshwari Manish , Dubey Ratnesh Kumar , K. Sadhna
Published: July 2020

To enhance the ability of intrusion detection system (IDS) with detection accuracy and low false positive rate, artificial immune system (AIS) based multi agent IDS is proposed that is inspired by human immune system (HIS). Presented IDS is designed four new algorithms these are mobile agent cloning algorithm, attribute selection algorithm based on danger theory which is filtering unnecessary attributes and giving most appropriate attributes for intrusion detection, detection algorithm based on negative selection technique is the prime algorithm which is detecting intrusions and rule algorithm is the simple and initial level algorithm to find normality or abnormality in the captured packet. Proposed IDS is the combination of misuse and anomaly IDS where architecture is the client server cum distributed IDS architecture. Proposed IDS reducing work load of network administrator and overcome network latency through automation and dynamic adaptation of mobile agent which is implement clonal selection concept of AIS. Proposed IDS is increasing efficiency and detection accuracy by using negative selection concept of AIS to design rule agent and informative agent. Another concept of AIS is danger theory is used to design packet capture & extract packet agent which is support to reduce execution time and improve efficiency. Database agent is used to maintain or update database (training, testing) dynamically during novel information identified. Finally alert agent responded to client host after intrusion detected for further action. These entire agents are the primary and most influential performer of the proposed IDS. Presented IDS identify and focused on most appropriate 13 attributes out of 41 of a packet to detect intrusion and proved that intrusion detection accuracy and intrusion detection rate increased with 0.2% and 0.1% respectively and reduce false positive rate with 0.5%.
Hierarchical Gaussian Process Models for Improved Metamodeling
Authors: Knudde Nicolas , Dutordoir Vincent , Herten Joachim Van Der , Couckuyt Ivo , Dhaene Tom
Published: July 2020

Simulations are often used for the design of complex systems as they allow one to explore the design space without the need to build several prototypes. Over the years, the simulation accuracy, as well as the associated computational cost, has increased significantly, limiting the overall number of simulations during the design process. Therefore, metamodeling aims to approximate the simulation response with a cheap to evaluate mathematical approximation, learned from a limited set of simulator evaluations. Kernel-based methods using stationary kernels are nowadays widely used. In many problems, the smoothness of the function varies in space, which we call
nonstationary
behavior [20]. However, using stationary kernels for nonstationary responses can be inappropriate and result in poor models when combined with sequential design. We present the application of two recent techniques: Deep Gaussian Processes and Gaussian Processes with nonstationary kernel, which are better able to cope with these difficulties. We evaluate the method for nonstationary regression on a series of real-world problems, showing that these recent approaches outperform the standard Gaussian Processes with stationary kernels. Results show that these techniques are suitable for the simulation community, and we outline the variational inference method for the Gaussian Process with nonstationary kernel.
Translations and Boundaries in the Gap Between HCI Theory and Design Practice
Authors: Velt Raphael , Benford Steve , Reeves Stuart
Published: July 2020

The gap between research and design practice has long been a concern for the HCI community. In this article, we explore how different
translations
of HCI knowledge might bridge this gap. A literature review characterizes the gap as having two key dimensions—one between general theory and particular artefacts and a second between academic HCI research and professional UX design practice. We report on a 5-year engagement between HCI researchers and a major media company to explore how a particular piece of HCI research,
the trajectories conceptual framework
, might be translated for and with UX practitioners. We present various
translations
of this framework and fit them into the gap we previously identified. This leads us to refine the idea of
translations
, suggesting that they may be led by researchers, by practitioners or co-produced by both as
boundary objects
. We consider the benefits of each approach.
NeuPow
Authors: Nasser Yehya , Sau Carlo , Prévotet Jean-Christophe , Fanni Tiziana , Palumbo Francesca , Hélard Maryline , Raffo Luigi
Published: July 2020

In this article, we present a new, simple, accurate, and fast power estimation technique that can be used to explore the power consumption of digital system designs at an early design stage. We exploit the machine learning techniques to aid the designers in exploring the design space of possible architectural solutions, and more specifically, their dynamic power consumption, which is application-, technology-, frequency-, and data-stimuli dependent. To model the power and the behavior of digital components, we adopt the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), while the final target technology is Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The main characteristic of the proposed method, called NeuPow, is that it relies on propagating the signals throughout connected ANN models to predict the power consumption of a composite system. Besides a baseline version of the NeuPow methodology that works for a given predefined operating frequency, we also derive an upgraded version that is frequency-aware, where the same operating frequency is taken as additional input by the ANN models. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, we perform different assessments at different levels. Moreover, technology and scalability studies have been conducted, proving the NeuPow robustness in terms of these design parameters. Results show a very good estimation accuracy with less than 9% of relative error independently from the technology and the size/layers of the design. NeuPow is also delivering a speed-up factor of about 84× with respect to the classical power estimation flow.
Polylogarithmic Approximation Algorithms for Weighted-ℱ-deletion Problems
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Lokshtanov Daniel , Misra Pranabendu , Saurabh Saket , Zehavi Meirav
Published: July 2020

For a family of graphs ℱ, the Weighted ℱ Vertex Deletion problem, is defined as follows: given an
n
-vertex undirected graph
G
and a weight function
w
:
V
(
G
)࢐ ℝ, find a minimum weight subset
S
⊆
V
(
G
) such that
G
-
S
belongs to ℱ. We devise a recursive scheme to obtain O(log
O(1)
n
)-approximation algorithms for such problems, building upon the classical technique of finding
balanced separators
. We obtain the first O(log
O(1)
n
)-approximation algorithms for the following problems.

• Let
F
be a finite set of graphs containing a planar graph, and ℱ=
G
(
F
) be the maximal family of graphs such that every graph
H
∈
G
(
F
) excludes all graphs in
F
as minors. The vertex deletion problem corresponding to ℱ=
G
(
F
) is the W
eighted
P
lanar
F
-M
inor
-F
ree
D
eletion
(WP
F
-MFD) problem. We give a randomized and a deterministic approximation algorithms for WP
F
-MFD with ratios O(log
1.5
n
) and O(log
2
n
), respectively. Prior to our work, a randomized constant factor approximation algorithm for the
unweighted
version was known [FOCS 2012]. After our work, a deterministic constant factor approximation algorithm for the
unweighted
version was also obtained [SODA 2019].

• We give an O(log
2
n
)-factor approximation algorithm for W
eighted
C
hordal
V
ertex
D
eletion
, the vertex deletion problem to the family of chordal graphs. On the way to this algorithm, we also obtain a constant factor approximation algorithm for M
ulticut
on chordal graphs.

• We give an O(log
3
n
)-factor approximation algorithm for W
eighted
D
istance
H
ereditary
V
ertex
D
eletion
.

We believe that our recursive scheme can be applied to obtain O(log
O(1)
n
)-approximation algorithms for many other problems as well.
Algorithms for Efficient Reproducible Floating Point Summation
Authors: Ahrens Willow , Demmel James , Nguyen Hong Diep
Published: July 2020

We define “reproducibility” as getting bitwise identical results from multiple runs of the same program, perhaps with different hardware resources or other changes that should not affect the answer. Many users depend on reproducibility for debugging or correctness. However, dynamic scheduling of parallel computing resources, combined with nonassociative floating point addition, makes reproducibility challenging even for summation, or operations like the BLAS. We describe a “reproducible accumulator” data structure (the “binned number”) and associated algorithms to reproducibly sum binary floating point numbers, independent of summation order. We use a subset of the IEEE Floating Point Standard 754-2008 and bitwise operations on the standard representations in memory. Our approach requires only one read-only pass over the data, and one reduction in parallel, using a 6-word reproducible accumulator (more words can be used for higher accuracy), enabling standard tiling optimization techniques. Summing
n
words with a 6-word reproducible accumulator requires approximately 9
n
floating point operations (arithmetic, comparison, and absolute value) and approximately 3
n
bitwise operations. The final error bound with a 6-word reproducible accumulator and our default settings can be up to 2
29
times smaller than the error bound for conventional (recursive) summation on ill-conditioned double-precision inputs.
Posed and Spontaneous Expression Distinction Using Latent Regression Bayesian Networks
Authors: Wang Shangfei , Hao Longfei , Ji Qiang
Published: July 2020

Facial spatial patterns can help distinguish between posed and spontaneous expressions, but this information has not been thoroughly leveraged by current studies. We present several latent regression Bayesian networks (LRBNs) to capture the patterns existing in facial landmark points and to use those points to differentiate posed from spontaneous expressions. The visible nodes of the LRBN represent facial landmark points. Through learning, the LRBN captures the probabilistic dependencies among landmark points as well as latent variables given observations, successfully modeling the spatial patterns inherent in expressions. Current methods tend to ignore gender and expression categories, although these factors can influence spatial patterns. Therefore, we propose to incorporate this as a kind of privileged information. We construct several LRBNs to capture spatial patterns from spontaneous and posed facial expressions given expression-related factors. Facial landmark points are used during testing to classify samples as either posed or spontaneous, depending on which LRBN has the largest likelihood. We conduct experiments to showcase the superiority of the proposed approach in both modeling spatial patterns and classifying expressions as either posed or spontaneous.