bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging with diverse audiences to raise awareness about childhood eczema: reflections from two community events
Authors: Gilbertson Anna , Ridd Matthew J. , Sutton Eileen , Liddiard Lyn , Clayton Julie , Roberts Amanda , Chan Jonathan , Bhanot Alisha , Wellesley Rosie , Dawson Shoba
Published: January 2021

Background

Eczema is a common childhood condition, causing dry and itchy skin which can be difficult to manage. We have been undertaking eczema and food allergy research to address previously prioritised research questions. We obtained funding to trial novel approaches to reach diverse audiences to raise awareness of childhood eczema, research, and public involvement in research.

Methods

This paper reflects on two public engagement events held in collaboration with stakeholders in two settings of ethnic diversity in East Bristol, UK. We invited parents and children to attend the events by public display of posters. We created novel activities related to the research and involved artists to engage parents/carers and children about eczema and the research we are doing into its management.

Results

Attendance at the first event was lower than expected. Lessons learned were incorporated into the second event, to use a more structured approach and attract greater numbers of parents/carers from more diverse backgrounds. Creative approaches such as using artists at both events made the subject more accessible for diverse audiences, including children.

Conclusion

We successfully delivered two public engagement events. The success of the events has generated individual interest in PPI and enquiries about future events from neighbouring community groups. Reflections from the events have also been fed back to inform the research.
High prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Guangxi, Southern China
Authors: Jiang Zhi-Hua , Wan Xiao-Ling , Lv Guo-Li , Zhang Wei-Wei , Lin Yuan , Tang Wen-Qian , Wei Hai-Yan , Ou Fang-Qi , Shi Yun-Liang , Yang Yi-Chao , Liu Jian , Chan Carlos H. F.
Published: January 2021

Background

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), such as hookworm, roundworm and whipworm, and food-borne trematodiases, including Clonorchis sinensis, remain a public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.

Objective

We aimed to determine the current prevalence of these parasites in Guangxi, China, which is located in a subtropical region.

Methods

A cross-sectional study and a 4-year longitudinal surveillance study were carried out. Stool samples were collected and examined microscopically for parasite eggs using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method.

Results

The study subjects selected using stratified random cluster sampling for the cross-sectional study and longitudinal surveillance study numbered 15,683 and 24,429, respectively. In the cross-sectional study, hookworm, roundworm, whipworm, pinworm, C. sinensis, and tapeworm were found. The total prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) was 6.4% (95% CI, 6.0-6.8). The prevalences of C. sinensis, hookworm, roundworm, whipworm, and pinworm were 10.6%, 4.2%, 0.3%, 0.3%, and 1.8%, respectively. The prevalence of C. sinensis in males (14.0%, 95% CI, 13.3-14.8) was significantly higher than in females (7.2%, 95% CI, 6.7-7.8) (P = 0.0001). The prevalence also was significantly higher in the medical worker group (20.8%, 95% CI, 12.9-28.7) than in all other occupational groups (10.5%, 95% CI, 10.0-11.0) (P = 0.0001). The prevalence of hookworm in females (5.3%, 95% CI, 4.8-5.8) was significantly higher than in males (3.0%, 95% CI, 2.6-3.3) (P = 0.0001). In the longitudinal surveillance study, the prevalence of C. sinensis and STHs in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 12.0%, 6.0%, 11.0%, and 10.0% and 2.6%, 2.8%, 1.5%, and 1.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

Adult male and occupation of and medical workers are risk factors for infection with C. sinensis and hookworm. The prevalence rate of C. sinensis remains high while those of the other STHs are decreasing, suggesting that enhanced health education should be focused on C. sinensis in Guangxi.
Stress hyperglycemia as a prognostic factor in acute ischemic stroke patients: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: El-Gendy Hanaa A. , Mohamed Mahmoud A. , Abd-Elhamid Amr E. , Nosseir Mohammed A.
Published: January 2021

Background

Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for infarct expansion and poor outcome for both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. We aimed to study the prognostic value of stress hyperglycemia on the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients as regards National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as a primary outcome.

Results

Patients with high random blood sugar (RBS) on admission showed significantly higher values of both median NIHSS score and median duration of hospital stay. There were significant associations between stress hyperglycemia and the risk of 30-day mortality (p < 0.001), the need for mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001) and vasopressors (p < 0.001), and the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (p = 0.001). The 24-h RBS levels at a cut off > 145 mg/dl showed a significantly good discrimination power for 30-day mortality (area under the curve = 0.809).

Conclusions

Stress hyperglycemia had a prognostic value and was associated with less-favorable outcomes of acute stroke patients. Therefore, early glycemic control is recommended for those patients.
Brazilian recommendations for the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: da Cruz Lage Ricardo , Marques Claudia Diniz Lopes , Oliveira Thauana Luiza , Resende Gustavo Gomes , Kohem Charles Lubianca , Saad Carla Gonçalves , Ximenes Antônio Carlos , Gonçalves Célio Roberto , Bianchi Washington Alves , de Souza Meirelles Eduardo , Keiserman Mauro Waldemar , Chiereghin Adriano , Campanholo Cristiano Barbosa , Lyrio André Marun , Schainberg Cláudia Goldenstein , Pieruccetti Lenise Brandao , Yazbek Michel Alexandre , Palominos Penelope Esther , Goncalves Rafaela Silva Guimarães , Assad Rodrigo Luppino , Bonfiglioli Rubens , Lima Sônia Maria Alvarenga Anti Loduca , Carneiro Sueli , Azevedo Valderílio Feijó , Albuquerque Cleandro Pires , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Sampaio-Barros Percival Degrava , de Medeiros Pinheiro Marcelo
Published: January 2021

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases characterized by axial and/or peripheral joints inflammation, as well as extra-articular manifestations. Over some decades, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the basis for the pharmacological treatment of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). However, the emergence of the immunobiologic agents brought up the discussion about the role of NSAIDs in the management of these patients. The objective of this guideline is to provide recommendations for the use of NSAIDs for the treatment of axSpA. A panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials for 15 predefined questions. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations were used, and at least 70% agreement of the voting panel was needed. Fourteen recommendations for the use of NSAIDs in the treatment of patients with axSpA were elaborated. The purpose of these recommendations is to support clinicians’ decision making, without taking out his/her autonomy when prescribing for an individual patient.
Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with a new formulation of a fixed-dose combination of glucosamine sulfate and bovine chondroitin: a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial
Authors: Lomonte Andrea Barranjard Vannucci , Gimenez Emerson , da Silva Antônio Carlos , Radominski Sebastião Cezar , Scheinberg Morton Aaron , Ximenes Antônio Carlos , de Freitas Zerbini Cristiano Augusto
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of a fixed dose combination of glucosamine sulfate (GS; 1500 mg) and bovine chondroitin sulfate (CS; 1200 mg) versus the reference product (RP) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

In this multicenter, randomized, single-blind trial, 627 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA)—Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2 or 3 and mean score ≥ 40 mm in the WOMAC pain subscale—were randomized to receive GS/CS or the RP for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the absolute change in WOMAC pain subscale score. The secondary endpoints included the following: WOMAC total and subscale scores, overall assessment of the disease by the patient and the investigator, SF-12 score, OMERACT-OARSI response rate to the treatment, and rescue medication use.

Results

Mean reductions of WOMAC pain score were − 35.1 (sd = 23.2) mm in the GS/CS group and − 36.5 (sd = 24.9) mm in the RP group. The difference between the adjusted means of both treatments confirmed the non-inferiority of GS/CS versus the RP. Improvement was observed in pain, stiffness, physical function and total WOMAC score, as well as in overall OA assessment by the patient and the investigator for both groups. No improvement was observed in SF-12. The rate of OMERACT-OARSI responders was 89.4% in GS/CS group and 87.9% in the RP group. Headache and changes in glucose tolerance were the most frequent treatment-related adverse events.

Conclusions

The new formulation of a fixed-dose combination of glucosamine sulfate and bovine chondroitin sulfate was non-inferior to the RP in symptomatic treatment of knee OA, with a high responder rate and good tolerability profile.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; Registration number NCT02830919; Date of registration: July 13, 2016; First randomization date: December 05, 2016).
Inoculation with rumen fluid in early life accelerates the rumen microbial development and favours the weaning process in goats
Authors: Palma-Hidalgo Juan Manuel , Jiménez Elisabeth , Popova Milka , Morgavi Diego Pablo , Martín-García Antonio Ignacio , Yáñez-Ruiz David Rafael , Belanche Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Background

Newborn ruminants possess an underdeveloped rumen which is colonized by microorganisms acquired from adult animals and the surrounding environment. This microbial transfer can be limited in dairy systems in which newborns are separated from their dams at birth. This study explores whether the direct inoculation of fresh or autoclaved rumen fluid from adult goats to newborn kids has a beneficial effect on rumen microbial development and function.

Results

Repetitive inoculation of young kids with fresh rumen fluid from adult goats adapted to forage (RFF) or concentrate diets (RFC) accelerated microbial colonization of the rumen during the pre-weaning period leading to high protozoal numbers, a greater diversity of bacterial (+ 234 OTUs), methanogens (+ 6 OTUs) and protozoal communities (+ 25 OTUs) than observed in control kids (CTL) without inoculation. This inoculation also increased the size of the core bacterial and methanogens community and the abundance of key rumen bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Fibrobacteres, Veillonellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Tenericutes), methanogens (Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanomicrobium mobile and Group 9), anaerobic fungi (Piromyces and Orpinomyces) and protozoal taxa (Enoploplastron, Diplodinium, Polyplastron, Ophryoscolex, Isotricha and Dasytricha) before weaning whereas CTL kids remained protozoa-free through the study. Most of these taxa were positively correlated with indicators of the rumen microbiological and physiological development (higher forage and concentrate intakes and animal growth during the post-weaning period) favoring the weaning process in RFF and RFC kids in comparison to CTL kids. Some of these microbiological differences tended to decrease during the post-weaning period, although RFF and RFC kids retained a more complex and matured rumen microbial ecosystem than CTL kids. Inoculation with autoclaved rumen fluid promoted lower development of the bacterial and protozoal communities during the pre-weaning period than using fresh inocula, but it favored a more rapid microbial development during the post-weaning than observed for CTL kids.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that inoculation of young ruminants with fresh rumen fluid from adult animals accelerated the rumen microbial colonization which was associated with an earlier rumen functional development. This strategy facilitated a smoother transition from milk to solid feed favoring the animal performance during post-weaning and minimizing stress.
Are litter, plastic and microplastic quantities increasing in the ocean?
Authors: Galgani Francois , Brien Aleke Stoefen-o , Weis Judith , Ioakeimidis Christos , Schuyler Qamar , Makarenko Iryna , Griffiths Huw , Bondareff Joan , Vethaak Dick , Deidun Alan , Sobral Paula , Topouzelis Konstantinos , Vlahos Penny , Lana Fernanda , Hassellov Martin , Gerigny Olivia , Arsonina Bera , Ambulkar Archis , Azzaro Maurizio , Bebianno Maria João
Published: January 2021

Whilst both plastic production and inputs at sea have increased since the 1950s, several modelling studies predict a further increase in the coming years in these respective quantities. We compiled scientific literature on trends in marine litter, consisting largely of plastic and microplastics in the ocean, understanding that monitoring programs or assessments for these aspects are varied, frequently focusing on limited components of the marine environment in different locations, and covering a wide spectrum of marine litter types, with limited standardization. Here we discuss how trends in the amounts of litter in the marine environment can be compared with the information provided by models. Increasing amounts of plastic are found in some regions, especially in remote areas, but many repeated surveys and monitoring efforts have failed to demonstrate any consistent real temporal trend. An observed steady state situation of plastic quantities in many marine compartments and the fate and transport of plastic in the marine environment remain areas for much needed further research.
Bayesian seismic amplitude variation with offset inversion for reservoir variables with bimodal spatial histograms
Authors: Forberg Ole Bernhard , Kjøsnes Øyvind , Omre Henning
Published: January 2021

We consider seismic amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion for prediction of the reservoir properties porosity and water saturation. An oil reservoir at the initial state is studied; hence, gravitational effects dominate and keep hydrocarbons from mixing with water. Histograms of observations of water saturation along wells are consequently clearly bimodal, which is challenging to model. The seismic AVO inversion is cast into a Bayesian framework. The prior spatial model for porosity and water saturation is specified to be a selection Gaussian random field (S-GRF), which is capable of representing spatial variables with multimodal histograms. By using linear models for the seismic and rock-physics likelihoods, the posterior model is also an S-GRF. Hence, the Bayesian seismic inversion can be solved analytically, and the bimodal characteristics of water saturation can be reproduced. The methodology is defined and demonstrated on two synthetic cases inspired by real data from an oil reservoir, and thereafter applied to the real case. The well observations are fairly accurately reproduced and the inversion results are considered to be substantial improvements compared to standard spatial Gaussian models.
Wave characteristics in elliptical orthorhombic media
Authors: Stovas Alexey , Roganov Yuriy , Roganov Vyacheslav
Published: January 2021

An elliptical anisotropic medium is defined as a simplified representation of anisotropy in which the anelliptic parameters are set to zero in all symmetry planes. Despite the fact that this model is rather seldom observed for real rocks, it is often used as a reference model. The P-wave equations for an elliptical anisotropic medium are well known. However, the shear wave (S-wave) equations have not been derived. Thus, we have defined all wave modes in elliptical orthorhombic models focusing mostly on the S-wave properties. We determine that all wave modes in elliptical orthorhombic model are generally coupled and analyze the effect of the additive coupling term. As a result, there is an S-wave fundamental singularity point located in one of the symmetry planes depending on the relative magnitude of S-wave stiffness coefficients.
Turbidite lobe deposits in a canyon-fill system
Authors: Lin Yani , Zhang Tianze , Liu Kelly H.
Published: January 2021

Geological feature: Turbidite lobe deposits in a canyon-fill system Seismic appearance: Isolated and irregularly shaped sandstone pods Alternative interpretations: Mid-channel bars in a braided channel system Features with similar appearance: Alluvial fans Formation: Lower Wilcox Group Age: Late Paleocene to Early Eocene Location: Shelf edge at the Central Gulf Coast Region of Texas Seismic data: Donated by a petroleum exploration company in Houston, Texas Analysis tools: Seismic attributes such as instantaneous phase, root-mean-square amplitude, and spectral decomposition
Development of an Actionable Framework to Address Cancer Care Disparities in Medically Underserved Populations in the United States: Expert Roundtable Recommendations
Authors: Winkfield Karen M. , Regnante Jeanne M. , Miller-Sonet Ellen , González Evelyn T. , Freund Karen M. , Doykos Patricia M.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE:

Cancer disparities persist among medically underserved populations despite widespread efforts to address them. We describe the development of a framework for addressing cancer care disparities across the cancer care continuum (CCC), guided by the CCC domains established by the Institute of Medicine/National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (IOM/NAS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An environmental scan was conducted to identify strategies and associated experts who are providing or have successfully provided community- and/or patient-centric IOM/NAS-defined domain standards to our target populations. A multistakeholder expert roundtable working group was convened for framework development. A premeeting survey informed agenda development, documented expert practices for target populations, and identified priority areas for meeting focus.

RESULTS:

The environmental scan identified 84 unique experts across 8 stakeholder groups and 44 patient organizations; 50 were invited to the roundtable and 33 participated. They broadly represented disease sites, geography, and experience with target populations and all CCC domains. The premeeting survey (16 responses) identified coordination of care or patient navigation (66.7%), community engagement (60.0%), and healthcare system changes (53.3%) as priority focus areas. The experts identified access and treatment barriers or gaps within and between CCC domains, specified key notable practices to address these, and developed an actionable framework and recommendations for each priority focus area.

CONCLUSION:

The framework and recommendations are intended to guide researchers, healthcare leaders, advocates, community- and patient-focused service organizations, and policy leaders to address and promote health equity in cancer care access and treatment outcomes.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Wan Zi-Hao , Cheng Shi-Le , Michaëlsson Karl , Larsson Susanna C
Published: January 2021

Context

The associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with bone mineral density and fracture risk are inconclusive in observational studies.

Objective

We conducted a mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of serum IGF-1 levels with estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture.

Methods

Genetic instruments for IGF-1 were selected at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10–8) from a genome-wide association study including 358 072 individuals of European ancestry. Summary-level data for eBMD (426 824 individuals) and fracture (53 184 fracture cases and 373 611 noncases) were obtained from the UK Biobank study. Univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization analyses methods were used to estimate the associations of IGF-1 with eBMD and fracture. The main outcome measure included the change of eBMD and odds ratio of fracture per genetically predicted 1-SD increase of serum IGF-1 levels.

Results

For 1-SD increase in IGF-1, the change of eBMD levels was 0.04 g/cm2 (95% CI, 0.01-0.07; P = .011) and the odds ratio of fracture was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98; P = .003). The associations persisted with similar magnitude after adjustment for height. The association was consistent for fracture but not for eBMD after excluding genetic instruments that might directly influence these outcomes. The association between IGF-1 and fracture was somewhat attenuated after adjustment for eBMD (odds ratio 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; P = .012).

Conclusion

The present study supports a role for IGF-1 in preventing fracture, possibly and partly mediated by greater bone mineral density.
Paraneoplastic Secretion of Multiple Phosphatonins From a Deep Fibrous Histiocytoma Causing Oncogenic Osteomalacia
Authors: Leow Melvin Khee Shing , Dogra Shaillay , Ge Xiaojia , Chuah Khoon Leong , Liew Huiling , Loke Kelvin Siu Hoong , McFarlane Craig
Published: January 2021

Context

Literature suggests that oncogenic osteomalacia is usually caused by a benign mesenchymal tumor secreting fibroblast growth factor subtype-23 (FGF-23), but the involvement of other phosphatonins has only been scarcely reported. We have previously published a seemingly typical case of oncogenic osteomalacia. Following curative neoplasm resection, we now report unique molecular characteristics and biology of this tumor.

Case Description

A 25-year-old man had been diagnosed with severe oncogenic osteomalacia that gradually crippled him over 6 years. 68Ga-DOTA-TATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan localized the culprit tumor to his left sole, which on resection revealed a deep fibrous histiocytoma displaying a proliferation of spindle cells with storiform pattern associated with multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Circulating FGF-23, which was elevated more than 2-fold, declined to undetectable levels 24 h after surgery. Microarray analysis revealed increased tumor gene expression of the phosphatonins FGF-23, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and secreted frizzled-related protein subtype 4, with elevated levels of all 3 proteins confirmed through immunoblot analysis. Differential expression of genes involved in bone formation and bone mineralization were further identified. The patient made an astonishing recovery from being wheelchair bound to fully self-ambulant 2 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

This report describes oncogenic osteomalacia due to a deep fibrous histiocytoma, which coincidentally has been found to induce profound muscle weakness via the overexpression of 3 phosphatonins, which resolved fully upon radical resection of the tumor. Additionally, genes involved in bone formation and bone remodeling contribute to the molecular signature of oncogenic osteomalacia.
Metastatic Pheochromocytomas and Abdominal Paragangliomas
Authors: Granberg Dan , Juhlin Carl Christofer , Falhammar Henrik
Published: January 2021

Context

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are believed to harbor malignant potential; about 10% to 15% of pheochromocytomas and up to 50% of abdominal paragangliomas will exhibit metastatic behavior.

Evidence Acquisition

Extensive searches in the PubMed database with various combinations of the key words pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, metastatic, malignant, diagnosis, pathology, genetic, and treatment were the basis for the present review.

Data Synthesis

To pinpoint metastatic potential in PPGLs is difficult, but nevertheless crucial for the individual patient to receive tailor-made follow-up and adjuvant treatment following primary surgery. A combination of histological workup and molecular predictive markers can possibly aid the clinicians in this aspect. Most patients with PPGLs have localized disease and may be cured by surgery. Plasma metanephrines are the main biochemical tests. Genetic testing is important, both for counseling and prognostic estimation. Apart from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, molecular imaging using 68Ga-DOTATOC/DOTATATE should be performed. 123I-MIBG scintigraphy may be performed to determine whether 131I-MIBG therapy is a possible option. As first-line treatment in patients with metastatic disease, 177Lu-DOTATATE or 131I-MIBG is recommended, depending on which shows best expression. In patients with very low proliferative activity, watch-and-wait or primary treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogues may be considered. As second-line treatment, or first-line in patients with high proliferative rate, chemotherapy with temozolomide or cyclophosphamide + vincristine + dacarbazine is the therapy of choice. Other therapies, including sunitinib, cabozantinib, everolimus, and PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors, have shown modest effect.

Conclusions

Metastatic PPGLs need individualized management and should always be discussed in specialized and interdisciplinary tumor boards. Further studies and newer treatment modalities are urgently needed.
Postoperative Hyperthermia and Hemodynamic Instability in a Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia–Susceptible Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Maryansky Aleksey , Rose John C. , Rosenblatt Meg A. , Lai Yan H.
Published: January 2021

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of exposure to certain anesthetic drugs. However, stress-induced MH, initially observed in pigs undergoing intense physical or emotional strain, has been reported in the absence of anesthetic exposure. In this case report, we describe a case of postoperative hyperthermia and cardiac dysfunction suspicious for stress-induced MH occurring after an endobronchial biopsy in a patient with recurrent undiagnosed fevers. We also examine our diagnosis of stress-induced MH and possible preventive measures to avoid this complication.
Pain Management of Scapulothoracic Fusion Using Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus and Erector Spinae Plane Catheters: A Case Report
Authors: Haroon-Mowahed Yumna , Sell Alexander
Published: January 2021

Perioperative pain management in patients undergoing major surgery with restrictive lung disease can be a challenge. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, a rare genetic disorder, causes progressive proximal weakness resulting in chronic pain. We describe a patient undergoing elective scapulothoracic fusion to improve chronic pain. We demonstrated the use of 2 continuous regional catheters for perioperative analgesia to reduce opioid consumption. We used interscalene brachial plexus and erector spinae plane block with catheter insertion using continuous local anesthetic infusion. The aim was to reduce potential respiratory complications in a patient with severe restrictive lung disease and reduce hospital stay.
Airway Management in Complete Oral Cavity Foreign Body Obstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Jimenez-Ruiz Federico , Van Beck Jenna , Jakubowski Luke , Kim Tae
Published: January 2021

Foreign body (FB) injuries of the airway and of the digestive tract are common in pediatric patients. Available literature cites small blunt objects as a common FB leading to FB aspiration or ingestion. Complete oral cavity obstruction by a FB, however, is a rare and potentially life-threatening scenario. Airway management can be particularly challenging when access to the oral cavity is severely restricted. We present the anesthetic management of a child with complete oral cavity obstruction by a large fishing lure.
Cortical recruitment of centralspindlin and RhoA effectors during meiosis I of Caenorhabditis
elegans primary spermatocytes
Authors: Wang Xiangchuan , Zhang Dandan , Zheng Cunni , Wu Shian , Glotzer Michael , Tse Yu Chung
Published: January 2021

Haploid male gametes are produced through meiosis during gametogenesis. Whereas the cell biology of mitosis and meiosis is well studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, comparatively little is known regarding the physical division of primary spermatocytes during meiosis I. Here, we investigated this process using high-resolution time-lapse confocal microscopy and examined the spatiotemporal regulation of contractile ring assembly in C. elegans primary spermatocytes. We found that centralspindlin and RhoA effectors were recruited to the equatorial cortex of dividing primary spermatocytes for contractile ring assembly before segregation of homologous chromosomes. We also observed that perturbations shown to promote centralspindlin oligomerization regulated the cortical recruitment of NMY-2 and impacted the order in which primary spermatocytes along the proximal–distal axis of the gonad enter meiosis I. These results expand our understanding of the cellular division of primary spermatocytes into secondary spermatocytes during meiosis I.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein SNX4 controls ATG9A recycling and autophagy
Authors: Ravussin Anthony , Brech Andreas , Tooze Sharon A. , Stenmark Harald
Published: January 2021

Late endosomes and lysosomes (endolysosomes) receive proteins and cargo from the secretory, endocytic and autophagic pathways. Although these pathways and the degradative processes of endolysosomes are well characterized, less is understood about protein traffic from these organelles. In this study, we demonstrate the direct involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-binding SNX4 protein in membrane protein recycling from endolysosomes, and show that SNX4 is required for proper autophagic flux. We show that SNX4 mediates recycling of the lipid scramblase ATG9A, which drives expansion of nascent autophagosome membranes, from endolysosomes to early endosomes, from where ATG9A is recycled to the trans-Golgi network in a retromer-dependent manner. Upon siRNA-mediated depletion of SNX4 or the retromer component VPS35, we observed accumulation of ATG9A on endolysosomes and early endosomes, respectively. Moreover, starvation-induced autophagosome biogenesis and autophagic flux were inhibited when SNX4 was downregulated. We propose that proper ATG9A recycling by SNX4 sustains autophagy by preventing exhaustion of the available ATG9A pool.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
An endometrial organoid model of interactions between Chlamydia and epithelial and immune cells
Authors: Dolat Lee , Valdivia Raphael H.
Published: January 2021

Our understanding of how the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis reprograms the function of infected cells in the upper genital tract is largely based on observations made in cell culture with transformed epithelial cell lines. Here, we describe a primary organoid system derived from endometrial tissue to recapitulate epithelial cell diversity, polarity and ensuing responses to Chlamydia infection. Using high-resolution and time-lapse microscopy, we catalog the infection process in organoids from invasion to egress, including the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and positioning of intracellular organelles. We show this model is amenable to screening C. trachomatis mutants for defects in the fusion of pathogenic vacuoles, the recruitment of intracellular organelles and inhibition of cell death. Moreover, we reconstructed a primary immune cell response by co-culturing infected organoids with neutrophils, and determined that effectors like CPAF (also known as CT858) and TepP (also known as CT875) limit the recruitment of neutrophils to infected organoids. Collectively, our model can be applied to study the cell biology of Chlamydia infections in three-dimensional structures that better reflect the diversity of cell types and polarity encountered by Chlamydia in their animal hosts.
Urea-accelerated Iridium-catalyzed 2-Position-selective C–H Borylation of Indole Derivatives
Authors: Wang Jie , Torigoe Takeru , Kuninobu Yoichiro
Published: January 2021

We developed iridium-catalyzed 2-position-selective C–H borylation of indole derivatives by modifying the structure of a bipyridine-type ligand. The yields ranged from good to excellent, even on a gram scale, and were dramatically improved by the addition of a urea derivative catalyst. The introduced boryl group was converted to chloro, bromo, and phenyl groups without isolation of the borylated intermediate. Preliminary results indicated the importance of hydrogen bonding between the substrate and the urea additive.
A multidimensional quality model: an opportunity for patients, their kin, healthcare providers and professionals to coproduce health
Authors: Lachman Peter , Batalden Paul , Vanhaecht Kris
Published: January 2021

Background: It is twenty years since the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) defined quality in healthcare, as comprising six domains: person-centredness, timeliness, efficiency, effectiveness, safety and equity. Since then, a new quality movement has emerged, with the development of numerous interventions aimed at improving quality, with a focus on accessibility, safety and effectiveness of care. Further gains in equity and timeliness have proven even more challenging.

The challenge: With the emergence of “service-oriented” systems, complexity science, the challenges of climate change, the growth of social media and the internet and the new reality of COVID-19, the original domains proposed by the IOM invite reflection on their relevance and possibility for improvement.

The possible solution: In this paper we propose a revised model of quality that is built on never-ending learning and includes new domains, such as Ecology and Transparency, which reflect the changing worldview of healthcare. We also introduce the concept of person- or “kin-centred care” to emphasise the shared humanity of people involved in the interdependent work. This is a more expansive view of what “person-centredness” began. The delivery of health and healthcare requires people working in differing roles, with explicit attention to the lived realities of the people in the roles of professional and patient. The new model will provide a construct that may make the attainment of equity in healthcare more possible with a focus on kindness for all.
Analysis of ion currents in mass spectrometric profiles using glioblastoma tissue
Authors: Sorokin Anatoly A. , Zhvansky Evgeny S. , Zavorotnyuk Denis S. , Shurkhay Vsevolod A. , Bormotov Denis S. , Potapov Alexander A.
Published: January 2021

Background: The development of direct ambient ionization methods makes way for fast mass-spectrometry profiling of biological samples, which has great potential in medicine. Those methods, unlike traditional mass spectrometric analysis with chromatographic separation, are not able to take into account inter-ion interaction, ion suppression, and matrix effect due to the absence of chromatographic separation of the mixture components. So dynamics of ion current during direct ambient ionization mass-spectra is governed by the component micro-extraction and electrospray ionization influenced by the geometry of the sample, its position, and internal heterogeneity. Despite the progress in mass-spectrometry of biological samples, not much is known about the influence of sample type and structure on its molecular profile peculiarities.

Methods: In this work, we propose to use analysis of the correlation between individual ion currents for a better understanding of ion current variability sources and grouping ions of high biological importance. Several fragments of glioblastoma tissue from a single patient are used for these purposes.

Results: Ion currents have different dynamics considering different ions in different fragments. The correlation of two selected ion currents could be positive or negative for single fragment measurement. Correlations have persistent or alternating signs in different fragments for two selected ions. The spread of correlations of each pair of ion currents is calculated for evaluation of the signs’ stability.

Conclusions: We were able to group ions according to the primary reason for their variabilities such as micro-extraction, mass-spectrometry measurement, or specimens' properties. Such grouping would allow the development of more reliable and reproducible methods of mass-spectrometry data analysis and improve the accuracy of results of its application in medicine.
AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO
Authors: Silva Rose Márcia da
Published: January 2021

O artigo busca discutir as disputas na implantação do Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI) como etapa final da Educação Básica no Brasil, a partir da relação trabalho-educação. Analisa dados censitários e escolares, produções acadêmicas e documentais, referentes ao período de 2008 a 2019 e expõe a problemática do Ensino Médio brasileiro, que não consegue atender as demandas de acesso ao Ensino Superior e a postos de trabalhos complexos. Além disso, historiciza a criação do EMI, analisa sua implementação, contradições, avanços e desafios, e o aponta como materialidade de uma proposta de educação possível na realidade atual brasileira, que pode conter o germe da formação politécnica, omnilateral e unitária.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS TÉCNICO-ADMINISTRATIVOS EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPUS RIO POMBA DO IF SUDESTE MG NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO ATRAVÉS DA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA-PARTICIPATIVA.
Authors: Furtado Eniete De Oliveira Campos , Machado Alex Fernandes da Veiga , Sousa Helton Nonato de
Published: January 2021

Este artigo trata da importância dos técnico-administrativos em educação na gestão democrática participativa como uma das formas de consolidação do ensino médio no Campus Rio Pomba do IF Sudeste MG. Para tanto, esses servidores, gestores e trabalhadores em educação participam de órgãos colegiados e assumem funções gratificadas e cargos de direção, necessitam ocupar esses, e outros espaços, de forma consciente amparados pelas bases da educação profissional e tecnológica e dos objetivos dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Nesse intuito o artigo traz esclarecimentos sobre os conceitos de gestão-democrática participativa, gestão educacional e gestão escolar. Trata da participação do técnico-administrativo enquanto trabalhador em educação na gestão do Campus Rio Pomba e dos seus espaços de participação democrática.
PRÓLOGO A LA ANTOLOGÍA DE THEOTONIO DOS SANTOS
Authors: Bruckmann Mónica
Published: January 2021

Espero que não sofras maisTerras e maresSuaves montanhasDoces paisagenscobertas de sangue Formosos cenários de lutas infernaisImenso caldeirãoonde fervem as paixõesde tantos e tantos povospor séculos e séculos enfrentadosna franja de impérios colossaisMassa concentrada de emoçõesÓdio e amor em estranho contubérnio.Homem/mulherArmas/morteSangue/terraPátria/luta. Dura sobrevivênciaPátria - luta – mundo imensos ideais aqui ficam cultivadosà busca da paz duradourapara toda a humanidadenão pode garantir a pazpara o próprio povoferido de mortenas suas próprias entranhas Quisera estabelecer a tolerânciadas raças, dos povos,religiões, línguas e pátriassonho de uma só nação unificadapela resistência aos opressores Aqui se formou a vitoriosaambição do não alinhamentoque derrubou impérios colossaisaltiva cabeça erguida contra ospoderosos Eis que a construção de pazse rue sob as armas do terror Feridas profundasódios ancestraisque os poderosos souberam açularBraças revolvidas pelas ambiçõesPelos desejos de expansãodetidos pela indomávele generosa coragemdos que lutaram por seus sonhosAuto-governoAuto-nomiaAuto-gestãodos povos e dos indivíduoslivres e solidáriosAqueles que conheci emcolóquios intermináveis.(DOS SANTOS, 2002)
‘Who cares about Valley people?’ Lived experiences of energy vulnerability in the South Wales Valleys
Authors: Shirani Fiona , Groves Christopher , Henwood Karen , Roberts Erin , Thomas Gareth , Cherry Catherine , Pidgeon Nick
Published: January 2021

Energy vulnerability is an area of interest to researchers and policymakers alike. In this article we analyse data from a qualitative longitudinal interview study of a deprived ex-mining community in South Wales to explore lived experiences of energy vulnerability in detail. While demonstrating the relevance of caring responsibilities in experiences of energy use and scarcity, we consider the importance of local relationships in helping people to navigate energy vulnerability. We highlight the value of qualitative longitudinal research for informing interventions that are more responsive to people’s experiences of energy vulnerability and changes in circumstances over time.
Out of area housing by local authorities in England: displacement of vulnerable households in a neoliberal housing crisis
Authors: Iafrati Steve
Published: January 2021

Based on freedom of information responses from English local authorities, the research examines the number of households where a duty to accommodate was accepted that were subsequently housed in other local authority areas. Recognising neoliberal housing policy of increased marketisation and less government intervention, the article identifies market failure, housing unaffordability and welfare reform contributing to households being displaced and social cleansing. Importantly, the research recognises negative housing outcomes beyond the binary of homelessness and the impact on vulnerable households by examining out of area housing, which is currently an under-researched area within housing.
Migrant integration services and coping with the digital divide: challenges and opportunities of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: McMullin Caitlin
Published: January 2021

In this research note, I reflect on the impacts of the shift to online service delivery for voluntary and community organisations. In particular, I report on initial findings from research being undertaken on migrant integration organisations in Quebec (Canada) and Scotland (UK). The research shows four key emerging themes: the complexities of the digital divide (including skills and access to information and communication technology, and the issue of the number of devices in a household to support multiple users); trust, communication and access to online services; the breaching of the public/private divide as practitioners provide digital services from their home; and the benefits and opportunities for digital service delivery. The research note concludes by reflecting on the long-term implications for voluntary and community sector services as they adapt to and recover from the pandemic and engage in long-term planning.
Sensory ways of knowing care: possibilities for reconfiguring ‘the distribution of the sensible’ in paid homecare work
Authors: Harman Kerry
Published: January 2021

Calls for the professionalising of homecare are often driven by a perceived gap in knowing ‘good care’. However, many training solutions are underpinned by a cognitivist notion of knowing as a rational process of making sense of sense. A different approach to knowing homecare is provided in this article, based on a very different set of assumptions on knowing and knowledge. Suggestions for researching homecare are provided, underpinned by the notion of sensory ways of knowing. These other ways of knowing ‘good care’ potentially reconfigure who and what are able to be attended to in the field of homecare.
Capabilities in care for older adults in Finnish familialistic policy transformations: a longitudinal, one-case study
Authors: Åkerman Sarah , Zechner Minna , Nyqvist Fredrica , Nygård Mikael
Published: January 2021

As public provision of health and social care to older adults remains fixed or is scaled back, informal care is increasingly emphasised in policy and in practice. This is also the case in the Nordic welfare state of Finland. Little is known about how individual care arrangements are made. In this study, the capability approach is used to investigate the processes from resources to the actual functionings of receiving care of one older informal care recipient across time. The results reveal difficulties, discontinuity and unpredictability that challenge the capabilities to achieve valued beings and doings.
‘She misses the subtleties and I have to help – help to make the invisible visible’: parents’ role in supporting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities with intimate relationships
Authors: Bates Claire , McCarthy Michelle , Milne Skillman Karen , Elson Nicola , Hunt Siobhan , Forrester-Jones Rachel
Published: January 2021

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities often need support to develop and maintain intimate relationships; however, little is known regarding the role of family carers in this area. Focus groups were conducted with 19 family members to explore the support they provide to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to find a potential partner and any support they may have to provide to support/develop an existing relationship. Family members provided similar support in this area as support staff, including both practical and emotional support. More needs to be done to support the family members providing this support, such as access to specialist resources and advice, as well as facilitated opportunities to discuss concerns.
Broadband terahertz absorber with gradient ring resonators based on a discrete spiral topological distribution
Authors: Pan Hao , Zhang Haifeng , Tian Xingliang , Zhang Dan
Published: January 2021

In this work, we propose a novel broadband terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on double-spiral structures, including discrete and continuous ones. The gradient ring resonators are in a discrete spiral topological distribution to expand the absorption band. By stacking two layers with a certain proportion, the proposed THz MMA can further enhance the energy loss to achieve absorption over 0.9 for TE mode at 2.57–5.19 THz and TM mode at 2.43–5.6 THz, with relative absorption bandwidths (RABWs) of 67.5% and 81.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the polarization-insensitive bandwidth is 2.57–5.19 THz, with RABW of 67.5%. In addition, the normalized impedance for both modes is investigated. Furthermore, according to the analysis of the distributions of the surface current and electric field, it is clear that the electromagnetic energy loss mainly originates from the electric and magnetic resonances induced by the interaction between the metal resonators. To a certain extent, the Fabry–Perot resonance existing between the dielectric layers also contributes to the improvement of the absorption. This THz MMA, based on a unique double-spiral arrangement, can be used in many fields owing to its ultra-broad absorption band and polarization-insensitive characteristic in a broad band.
Imaging three-dimensional single-atom arrays all at once
Authors: Sun Haeun , Song Yunheung , Byun Andrew , Jeong Heejeong , Ahn Jaewook
Published: January 2021

Simultaneous imaging of a three-dimensional distribution of point sources is presented. In a two-lens microscope, the point-spreads on the quasi-image plane, which is located between the Fourier and image planes, are spatially distinct, so a set of Fresnel lenslets can perform individual wave-front shaping for axial and lateral rearrangements of the images. In experiments performed with single atoms and holographically programmed lenslets, various three-dimensional arrangements of point sources, including axially aligned atoms, are successfully refocused on the screen, demonstrating the simultaneous and time-efficient detection of the three-dimensional holographic imaging. We expect that non-sequential real-time measurements of three-dimensional point sources shall be in particular useful for quantum correlation measurements and in situ tracking of dynamic particles.