bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissue in patients with ovarian endometriosis: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Lee Dayong , Lee Hyun Jung
Published: July 2021

Background: Texture analysis has been used as a method for quantifying image properties based on textural features. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissue on the perfusion map of ovarian endometriosis.Methods: To generate a normalized perfusion map, subtracted T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T1WI and contrast-enhanced T-WI with sequences were performed using the same parameters in 25 patients with surgically confirmed ovarian endometriosis. Integrated density is defined as the sum of the values of the pixels in the image or selection. We investigated the parameters for texture analysis in ovarian endometriosis, including angular second moment (ASM), contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment (IDM), and entropy, which is equivalent to the product of area and mean gray value.Results: The perfusion ratio and integrated density of normal ovary were 0.52±0.05 and 238.72±136.21, respectively. Compared with the normal ovary, the affected ovary showed significant differences in total size (p<0.001), fractional area ratio (p<0.001), and perfusion ratio (p=0.010) but no significant differences in perfused tissue area (p=0.158) and integrated density (p=0.112). In comparison of parameters for texture analysis between the ovary with endometriosis and the contralateral normal ovary, ASM (p=0.004), contrast (p=0.002), IDM (p<0.001), and entropy (p=0.028) showed significant differences. A linear regression analysis revealed that fractional area had significant correlations with ASM (r2=0.211), IDM (r2=0.332), and entropy (r2=0.289).Conclusion: Magnetic resonance texture analysis could be useful for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissues in patients with ovarian endometriosis.
Strategic development of the Russian oil and gas complex: theoretical foundations, specifics and globalization aspects of state regulation
Authors: Trofimov Sergey
Published: July 2021

The monograph examines the historical and economic aspects of state regulation of the economy, and concludes that the national results of identical economic policies pursued by individual countries at different stages of development are heterogeneous.
The necessity of improving the mechanism of centralized influence on economic activity in the Russian Federation by finding the optimal combination of various tools, taking into account the specifics of state regulation of the oil and gas complex as a structural element of the national economy, is proved. The article examines the world experience of oil-producing countries with a developed market structure, analyzes the cause-and-effect relationships between global processes on the world energy market and the internal economic specifics that arose during the modernization of production and the reform of the regulatory mechanism of the Russian oil and gas complex.
It is recommended to everyone who is interested in the issues of state regulation of the economy and the development of the domestic oil and gas sector: state civil servants working in the fuel and energy sector, managers and employees of oil and gas enterprises, teachers, doctoral students, postgraduates and students.
B2B Marketing
Authors: Bek Nadezhda
Published: July 2021

B2B marketing is a rapidly developing direction, the basis of which is the interaction of business organizations with organizations that purchase goods and services for use in their own production of goods and services that are in demand from other organizations, in the markets of end consumers or from society as a whole. Globalization, the increasing influence of digital technologies on competition, the growing awareness of consumers and the tightening of their requirements for purchased goods and services strengthen the strategic role of B2B marketing. Competitiveness in the B2B markets is increasingly determined by their participation and position in competitive and viable value creation networks.
For students, postgraduates of universities, researchers and teachers.
O instagram e as hashtags como recurso para a recuperação da informação.
Authors: Guimarães Thaís , de Novais Cordeiro Rosa Inês
Published: July 2021

Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva que tem como objetivo examinar a natureza das hashtags como um recurso informacional para a nomeação e recuperação da informação do Instagram. O tagueamento é abordado como um processo que é realizado para a nomeação livre de fotos e vídeos pelos usuários mediante o uso de tags (etiquetas) na rede social estudada. O Instagram é compreendido como uma rede social de grande popularidade, que vem sendo cada vez mais aderido pela sociedade como fonte de informação, mas, por outro lado, aponta-se também a questão da desinformação. Apresenta as hashtags como uma forma de gestão de conteúdo, justificando seu uso como uma representação da informação que pode se beneficiar das técnicas de indexação. Utilizam-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica para levantamento da literatura referente ao tema em bases de dados e a pesquisa empírica que é realizada no ambiente do Instagram a fim da coleta da amostra e objeto de investigação. A abordagem adotada no estudo é quantiqualitativa, em que são examinadas as hashtags de fotos e vídeos empregadas em trinta e três perfis de viagens e turismo, resultando em 330 publicações, entre fotos e vídeos, e 945 hashtags diferentes. Estas são identificadas e examinadas conforme categorias de análise derivadas da literatura de Ciência da Informação. Os resultados são apresentados estatisticamente e comentados. Concluiu-se que as hashtags cumprem parcialmente a função de meio de busca de informação, mas a relação entre a fonte de informação (fotos e vídeos) e sua nomeação por meio de hashtags intuitivas apresentam problemas: entre outros, inconsistências em relação ao conteúdo. É preciso considerar a possibilidade da criação de orientações para o uso de hashtags no Instagram.
Deontología periodística en el tratamiento informativo del intento secesionista catalán.
Authors: Dorado Lago Sara , Sixto-García José
Published: July 2021

Varias investigaciones previas han confirmado la crisis de credibilidad que sufre el periodismo (Herrero-Diz et al., 2021; Ricoy et al., 2019; Herrero-Diz et al., 2019; Gutiérrez-Martín et al., 2019). La amenaza de la desinformación es todavía más patente en acontecimientos de gran transcendencia social e histórica como el intento fallido de independencia catalana. El respeto absoluto por la ética y la deontología periodísticas actúan, sin suda, como antídoto para recuperar la credibilidad y ofrecer a la ciudadanía información veraz y de calidad. Partiendo del estudio de la normativa deontológica europea, nacional y de los propios medios de comunicación, se realiza un análisis ético y deontológico de las informaciones publicadas por La Vanguardia, Le Figaro y The Times en el día de publicación de la sentencia del procés por parte del Tribunal Supremo, así como en los días anteriores y posteriores (n = 155). La investigación se realizó con técnicas cualitativas de análisis de contenido y se desarrolló en dos fases: en primer lugar, análisis de códigos deontológicos y, a continuación, análisis de noticias. Los resultados permiten determinar el grado de compromiso de los medios de comunicación analizados con la deontología periodística y, por otra parte, identificar tendencias sobre la influencia de la prensa en la configuración de la opinión pública a partir de la profundidad o el nivel de contextualización con que se realiza el tratamiento informativo.
Metodología holística en la comprensión del hábitat desde la vivencia del investigador
Authors: Castillo Mercedes , Montoya Juanita
Published: July 2021

A partir de la comprensión del hábitat como trama de relaciones dinámicas, espaciales y tem­porales que construyen los seres humanos, la maestría en Hábitat de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia viene produciendo conocimiento y generando metodologías para el estudio del hábitat desde diferentes escalas, formando investigadores y cualificando profesionales que orien­ten sus estudios a mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad y la calidad de vida de la población. Este artículo tiene como propósito exponer algunas de las teorías del hábitat que soportan los procesos de investigación en la maestría, la manera como se desarrolla el proceso investigativo por parte de los estudiantes y, para terminar, unas reflexiones.
Salvador de Bahía: culturas de rebeldía y descolonización de la educación en un contexto biopolítico de desarrollo urbano desigual
Authors: Chryssanthi (Christy) Petropoulou , Marcelo de Jesus Arouca , Natanael Reis Bomfim , Euclides Da Silva Santos
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se investigan las posibilidades de descolonización de la educación en las escuelas, teniendo en cuenta el contexto de desarrollo urbano desigual, biopolítico y las resistencias crea­tivas de los valiosos conocimientos culturales de las favelas, barrios de autoconstrucción popular creados por la defensa del “derecho a la ciudad”, a través de múltiples prácticas y procesos en Brasil. Diferentes autores las ven como producto de la rápida urbanización, pero pocos señalan su riqueza cultural, ligada a la oprimida tradición afro-indio-americana presente en ellas. Este artículo muestra que las favelas son espacios de resistencia y que nuevas formas de educación intercultural, basadas en las culturas de rebeldía, pueden enriquecer la relación de la escuela con estos barrios. Los métodos de recolección de datos usados para este análisis fueron: estudio bibliográfico, observación participativa y activa, y entrevistas semiestructuradas, llevadas a cabo durante el periodo 2018-2019, en los barrios Estrada das Barreiras (Cabula), Curuzu (Libertad) y San Martin (Fazenda Grande do Retiro), de Salvador de Bahía.
El enfoque de género en los estudios socioambientales y los estudios urbanos: un análisis comparado de programas académicos en FLACSO Ecuador
Authors: Carrión Andrea , Arauz Elizabeth , González Daniela
Published: July 2021

El enfoque de género es una herramienta analítica y pedagógica relevante para los estudios urbanos y socioambientales. Este documento describe las regulaciones, los avances y la inten­sidad en la integración de la perspectiva de género en tres programas de posgrado de flacso Ecuador. La investigación se basa en los niveles meso y micro curricular, incluido un análisis de los proyectos académicos, los sílabos de las materias y los trabajos de titulación de la última convocatoria. Los resultados demuestran cuatro niveles en la transversalización del enfoque de género: formal, curricular, sustantivo y desde abajo. Las asimetrías teóricas, metodológicas y formativas entre los programas proporcionan pistas para diseñar estrategias de enseñanza que sirvan para la problematización, investigación y construcción de territorios inclusivos.
Leitura como resistência: Ernesto Penteado e José Nogueira leitores de Nietzsche
Authors: Lomeu Antonio Vinicius
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre a leitura como uma forma de resistência, tomando como exemplo a maneira através da qual o major brasileiro José Nogueira e o jornalista Ernesto Penteado recepcionaram os textos do filósofo Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). Para tanto partiremos, sobretudo, das proposições de Michel De Certeau, que consideram a leitura como um ato de resistência, em distintos níveis, contra a dominação que a própria mensagem do texto representa. Essas reflexões têm como objetivo entender a circulação das ideias do filósofo alemão no Brasil e a prática de uma história intelectual a partir de um novo ângulo.
História da América Latina: diálogos possíveis entre a sociologia das ausências e os livros didáticos de História
Authors: Antoni Edson
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo analisamos os conteúdos de história latino-americana presentes em livros didáticos distribuídos às escolas brasileiras pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). À luz do entendimento da razão metonímica, é possível estabelecer uma análise acerca destes materiais didáticos e, consequentemente, compreender alguns elementos que dificultam a constituição de uma identidade latino-americana. Com base neste estudo é possível perceber que, mesmo havendo referências à história latino-americana nas fontes selecionadas, a forma como esse conteúdo é apresentado contribui para a produção daquilo que definimos como a não-existência da experiência histórica latino-americana. Acreditamos que a dificuldade de constituir, a partir do Brasil, uma identidade latino-americana, bem como, a perspectiva do latino-americano como um sujeito outro, é resultado desse processo de formação que encontra nos materiais didáticos uma importante base de apoio. encontra nos materiais didáticos uma importante base de apoio.
Colonialidade, Modernidade e Decolonialidade: Da Naturalização da Guerra à Violência Sistêmica
Authors: Nascimento Emerson Oliveira
Published: July 2021

A teoria decolonial compreende que colonização e modernidade, enquanto projetos ocidentais, são faces de uma mesma moeda e que o colonialismo, está longe de ser compreendido como uma etapa superada do passado das antigas colônias europeias. Nosso objetivo aqui é explorar a contribuição da teoria decolonial enquanto ferramenta analítica capaz de explicar a lógica inerente à condição de “guerra justa” contra os sujeitos colonizados no passado e sua dilatação e normalização hoje para a condição de uma espécie de “violência sistêmica” cujos alvos privilegiados ainda são os grupos étnico-raciais, de gênero e as sexualidades divergentes ou não-hegemônicas. Acreditamos que a insubmissão analítica que estas ferramentas ensejam podem vir a se configurar como conceitos potencializadores para a investigação social sobre violência, especialmente, na América Latina.
O ENSINO DE ESTRATÉGIAS METACOGNITIVAS EM AULAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: EXPERIÊNCIAS DO PROFLETRAS / Teaching metacognitive strategies in portuguese language classes: experiences of ProfLetras
Authors: Abreu Kátia Nazareth Moura de , Mattos Andréia Helena de Amorim
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como eixo temático as estratégias metacognitivas, sob a perspectiva dos estudos psicolinguísticos sobre leitura (PEREIRA; GUARESI, 2012; MAIA, 2019). Insere-se em uma rota de pesquisa e ensino que vem sendo analisada no âmbito de estudos do ProfLetras, por ser a metacognição de grande valor para o processo de educação linguística. Os objetivos pretendidos são expor a ideia de metacognição, a sua relação com a escola, explicitar as estratégias metacognitivas, apontando para o ensino, para a contribuição no processo de aprendizagem e para a inserção na prática pedagógica. Para isso, primeiramente são apresentados fundamentos teóricos sobre tópicos que constituem o tema – metacognição, estratégias metacognitivas, ensino de estratégias. A etapa metodológica lança mão dos princípios da aprendizagem ativa (PILATI, 2017) que considera o papel de agente a ser ocupado pelo aluno e o papel de orientador a ser ocupado pelo professor. Em seguida, é feita a apresentação das etapas da experiência pedagógica discutidas em Mattos (2020): rastreio, diagnóstico, intervenção e avaliação, aplicadas ao nono ano do ensino fundamental. Demonstra-se, com exemplos, a contribuição no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Por fim, são expostas as considerações finais, em que o conteúdo geral é retomado e se constata o valor do papel fomentador dos professores.
O candomblé sob a mira do racismo e do terrorismo religioso: ataques, categorias e identidades reinventadas
Authors: Rodrigues Ozaias Silva
Published: July 2021

O tema desse trabalho é a discussão em torno dos ataques contra as religiões afro, com foco no Candomblé. A partir disso objetiva-se compreender as categorias que são usadas para definir esses ataques e outras questões relacionadas ao tema, como a questão identitária dos candomblecistas. O método consistiu em pesquisa de campo, pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados apontam que a identidade candomblecista foi reinventada nesse contexto de violação de direitos e que novas categorias estão sendo utilizadas para definir os ataques. Conclui-se então que a discussão em torno do tema deve ser feita a fim de acompanhar as mudanças nesse campo de pesquisa.
Relações raciais na educação de jovens e adultos trabalhadores: desafios à ciência geográfica
Authors: Da Silva Tiago Dionisio
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo, buscou-se refletir sobre a interseccionalidade entre classe e raça no contexto da sociedade brasileira, entrelaçando com o desenvolvimento do sistema educacional para compreender a demanda e manutenção da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), caracterizada por trabalhadores e negros especialmente. Assim, apontamos para a quebra de paradigma no ensino de geografia, no sentido de acolher as novas demandas sociais trazidas pelos inúmeros movimentos sociais, em nosso caso, os movimentos negros e que têm desdobramentos diretos para o ensino de geografia, pois reconfiguram o espaço geográfico, logo implica no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da geografia.  Sob essa perspectiva, optamos por uma abordagem metodológica pautada na pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica. Observamos a necessidade de olharmos para a EJA como um campo educacional marcado pela exclusão social e racial. Isso precisa estar fortemente demarcado nas pesquisas, práticas pedagógicas e na elaboração e aplicação das políticas públicas voltadas para esse público. Os estudantes da EJA são hegemonicamente trabalhadores ou filhos da classe trabalhadora, além da grande maioria ser negra, portanto, essas duas dimensões precisam ser/estar contempladas na EJA. No bojo dessa discussão, defendemos a ideia de que a geografia, a partir do seu objeto de estudo, o espaço geográfico, tem muito para contribuir com esse combate ao racismo, pois as análises geográficas podem desvendar as desigualdades socioeconômicas e raciais que permeiam a formação do espaço brasileiro e, por consequência a posição que esses jovens e adultos trabalhadores, e na sua grande maioria, negros, ocupam em nossa sociedade.
Educação para as relações étnico-raciais: possibilidade da educação e um currículo antirracista?
Authors: Madureira Vieira da Silva Lílian Carine , Basso Soares Severo Rita Cristine
Published: July 2021

Este artigo trata-se de um recorte do projeto de dissertação do Mestrado Profissional em Educação da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS). Neste trabalho será discutida a Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais como a possibilidade de construção de um currículo e, fundamentalmente, uma escola antirracista. Buscou-se discutir como o currículo está implicado na produção e manutenção de práticas escolares racistas e excludentes. Para compreender os motivos que levam o currículo brasileiro a ser falho para com a população foi importante trazer o conceito de identidade baseado nos Estudos Culturais. Para tanto, foi utilizado como suporte teórico os seguintes autores: CAVALLEIRO (2018), RIBEIRO (2017), GOMES (2005), SILVA (2005), HALL (2003), SANTOMÉ (2001), entre outros. Uma forma de combater o racismo na escola é garantir a efetiva implementação de uma Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais, pautada pela igualdade e equidades entre os sujeitos. Desta forma o trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar e questionar o currículo escolar brasileiro, que se mostra voltado aos moldes identitários hegemônicos, logo, lugar de exclusão para com estudantes negros e negras. Contasta-se que para a efetivação da Lei 10.639/03, ou seja, para que a educação antirracista seja uma realidade nas escolas públicass, é essencial a formação continuada de professores e professoras.
Macumba para além dos muros do terreiro
Authors: Medeiros Cristiano Sant’Anna de , Silva Isadora Souza da , Caputo Stela Guedes
Published: July 2021

O termo macumba tem sido usado pejorativamente, como um insulto. Pretende-se, com ele, agredir religiões como umbanda, candomblé e cultos afro-diaspóricos de maneira geral. A ofensa verbal é parte do racismo estrutural da sociedade brasileira. Tão estrutural e tão alargado é o racismo, que possui várias máscaras da mesma face colonial, uma delas: o racismo religioso. No contexto atual, na nossa contemporaneidade, com o avanço das tecnologias e com as mudanças nas dinâmicas comunicacionais em rede, associado às táticas de luta antirracistas, outros espaços ganham protagonismo para difusão das religiões de matriz africana no Brasil, que extrapolam os muros dos terreiros, entre eles, as redes sociais da internet. Entendemos que esse contexto também se potencializa pela produção e consumo de imagens. Desta maneira, clicar, postar, curtir, comentar e compartilhar faz parte do nosso dia a dia na/da “Sociedade do compartilhamento” (SANT’ANNA, 2017), não somente como seguidores de páginas e perfis, mas como “imaginantes” (CAPUTO e SANT’ANNA, 2018). Assim, os macumbeiros tem ressignificado sua atuação para além dos muros dos terreiros. Partindo da Educação nos terreiros (CAPUTO,2012) pensamos para esse dossiê, artigos e pesquisas que versam sobre religiosidades afrodiaspóricas como também no entrecruzamento dos fenômenos da ciberculturas, tais como as redes sociais da internet.
Atividades de vida e diagnósticos de enfermagem na população de rua
Authors: Ximenes Maria Aline Moreira , Gomes Josiane Da Silva , Cavalcante Francisco Marcelo Leandro , Neto Nelson Miguel Galindo , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Barros Lívia Moreira
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho das atividades de vida diárias e identificar diagnósticos de enfermagem de pessoas em situação de rua. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado de abril a julho de 2017, com 52 pessoas. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado instrumento fundamentado no modelo teórico de Roper-Logan e Tierney. Foram consideradas dependentes as atividades de vida com frequência igual ou superior a 40%, para inferência dos diagnósticos utilizou-se referencial de Risner. Resultados: as atividades de vida dependentes foram: trabalho e distração (92,3%), morte (88,5%), sexualidade (76,9%), sono (71,2%), manter ambiente seguro (71,2%), respirar (61,5%), eliminar (53,8%) e alimentar-se (51,9%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes: Disposição para comunicação melhorada (96%), Desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas (94%), Risco de contaminação (77%) e Controle de impulsos ineficaz (73%). Conclusão: evidenciou-se que pessoas em situação de rua possuem dependência de cuidados em atividades de vida diária relacionados a aspectos fisiológicos, sociais e emocionais.
Efectos derivados de la exposición laboral en las mujeres trabajadoras embarazadas expuestas a sustancias peligrosas: revisión sistemática
Authors: Barriocanal-Gómez Pablo , Del Pozo-Díez Carmen Mª , Kudryavtseva Olga , Portillo Chicano Iratxe , Sanz-Valero Javier
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Revisar los efectos derivados de la exposición laboral en las mujeres trabajadoras embarazadas expuestas a sustancias peligrosas.

Métodos: Análisis crítico de los trabajos recuperados mediante revisión sistemática en MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS y MEDES, hasta enero 2021. La ecuación de búsqueda se formuló́ mediante los descriptores «Pregnancy», «Hazardous Substances» y «Occupational Exposure», utilizando también los Entry Terms relacionados y los filtros: «Humans» y «Adult: 19+ years». La calidad de los artículos se evaluó mediante el cuestionario STROBE y el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación mediante los criterios SIGN.

Resultados: De las 420 referencias recuperadas (366 de forma digital y 54 manual), aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 35 artículos. La evaluación mediante STROBE dio mediana de 15,32 y según los criterios SIGN se obtuvo grado de evidencia 2+ y recomendación C. La obsolescencia fue elevada (semiperiodo de Burton-Kebler: 22,00; índice de Price: 0,00%). En 25 de los 35 estudios revisados la exposición fue a disolventes orgánicos. En 22 artículos se notificó alteraciones congénitas.

Conclusiones: Los trabajos revisados presentaron un alto índice de obsolescencia y un grado de evidencia y recomendación que no permitió asegurar por completo la validez y fiabilidad de las observaciones realizadas. Los resultados mostraron la asociación entre la exposición a sustancias peligrosas con la aparición de diferentes daños para la salud de la trabajadora embarazada y su descendencia. La mayor exposición fue a los disolventes orgánicos y el efecto más observado las alteraciones congénitas.
Diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac joint region pain in horses
Authors: Stack John David , Harley Jessica
Published: July 2021

The sacroiliac joint and pain deriving from this complex region remains poorly understood in horses, although our understanding grows as the body of literature grows. A deeper understanding can be derived from the richer body of literature in human sacroiliac joint pain as the disease processes and biomechanics appear similar in both species. A highly specific and sensitive diagnostic test for this condition does not exist, so equine clinicians have to make presumptive diagnosis based on presenting signs, findings of clinical examination, diagnostic imaging and the response to blocking of the sacroiliac joint region. Many horses with sacroiliac joint region pain have concurrent orthopaedic injury or disease. Treatment is largely based on fundamentals, anecdotal evidence and translation of non-surgical techniques used in humans. Treatment for other orthopaedic conditions can conflict with rehabilitation for sacroiliac joint region pain, necessitating compromise.
Factors that cause bandage complications in equines and how they can be resolved
Authors: Bennett Charlotte Mary
Published: July 2021

Bandaging equine limbs in practice is carried out by nearly all veterinary team members, although in many practices it is the nurse's responsibility for placement, care and maintenance of the bandage during the patient's time at the hospital. It is a vital part of the veterinary nurse's role to understand the different complications related to inappropriate bandaging as well as noticing signs of discomfort and how to rectify these problems. This will help to educate the future veterinary nursing generation. Techniques and methods of bandaging from small animal and human medicine need to be utilised in equines to help move equine bandaging forward. A standardised method or protocol for bandaging limbs and the abdomen needs to be promoted, and the veterinary team and general public educated to help prevent sores and further complications.
Engineering Control Technologies to Protect Operators in Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Rollovers
Authors: Khorsandi Farzaneh , Ayers Paul D. , Myers Melvin L. , Oesch Stephen , White David J.
Published: July 2021

Highlights

Rollovers are the leading cause of injury and fatality in farm all-terrain vehicle (ATV) incidents.

Engineering technologies to prevent rollovers or protect the operator in ATV crashes were reviewed in this study.

The advances in safety for ATVs are correlated with improvements in stability, handling, and crashworthiness.

Operator protection devices and crash notification systems can protect the operator in ATV rollover incidents.

Abstract
. All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are the second most common source of injury, following tractors, in U.S. agriculture. Rollovers are the leading cause of death in farm ATV incidents, constituting about 85% of ATV-related deaths. There is neither a significant practical solution for ATV rollover crashes in the U.S. nor standards and rules for implementing such a solution. Behavior-based control methods have been used for several decades but have reached their limit of success. Hence, engineering controls are needed to significantly decrease the severity of injuries in ATV rollover incidents (as in tractor incidents). In this study, engineering technologies to protect the operator in agricultural ATV crashes were reviewed. The discussion includes improving crash testing and stability ratings, evaluating static stability of ATVs, dynamic handling tests of ATVs, using automatic systems to notify first responders of a crash, and testing and applying operator protection devices. The available standards, rules, and recommendations related to these technologies around the world are also discussed. Keywords: . Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle, ATV, CPD, Crush protection device, OPD, Quad bike, Safety.
Real-time cycle slip detection and repair for BDS-3 triple-frequency and quad-frequency B1C/B1I/B3I/B2a signals
Authors: Wang Hao
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a real-time cycle slip detection and repair strategy for the BDS-3 triple-frequency and quad-frequency phase observations. For the triple-frequency phase observations, two EWL code-phase combinations and one GF-phase combination are jointly employed to detect and repair cycle slips. Based on the different performances in the success of cycle slip detection and repair, this paper uses GF-phase combinations to detect and repair cycle slip individually. Specifically, the GF-phase combination with a large MTIV value is applied to detect cycle slip possessing the stronger ability to resist ionospheric delay. Besides, the GF-phase combination with a higher success rate of cycle slip repair is selected to repair cycle slip, and the classic LAMBDA method and Ratio test are implemented to fix the cycle slip solution and evaluate reliability separately. For the quad-frequency phase observations, we employ a supernumerary EWL combination based on the triple-frequency, which can directly determine the cycle slip value of the 4th frequency. The results show that the cycle slip estimation value still can detect and repair all real and artificially added cycle slips even under harsh conditions. Moreover, the overall cycle slip repair success rate is greater than 99.99 %.
Positioning flexibly scheduled ECEC in the chain of childcare by parents working non-standard hours
Authors: Peltoperä Kaisu , Vehkakoski Tanja , Turja Leena , Laakso Marja-Leena
Published: July 2021

This study examined how Finnish parents working non-standard hours (N=18) positioned institutional flexibly scheduled early childhood education and care (ECEC) as a link in their chain of childcare. Interview data, analysed following the principles of discursive psychology, yielded three discourses on flexibly scheduled ECEC: the discourse of the child’s best interest, the discourse of the labour market, and the discourse of equality of opportunity for the child. Flexibly scheduled ECEC was positioned in these discourses either as the last resort option for childcare, a safe haven for the child, a societal service enabling parents to work during non-standard hours or as a place for children’s learning. It is important to recognise the origins of these discourses and reflect on them to improve ECEC services, so that they meet the demands of safety as a link in the chain of childcare and increase the level of parental satisfaction with them.
Demonstrating Arago–Fresnel laws with Bessel beams from vectorial axicons
Authors: Singh Keshaan , Buono Wagner Tavares , Chavez-Cerda Sabino , Forbes Andrew
Published: July 2021

Two-dimensional Bessel beams, both vectorial and scalar, have been extensively studied to date, finding many applications. Here we mimic a vectorial axicon to create one-dimensional scalar Bessel beams embedded in a two-dimensional vectorial field. We use a digital micro-mirror device to interfere orthogonal conical waves from a holographic axicon, and study the boundary of scalar and vectorial states in the context of structured light using the Arago–Fresnel laws. We show that the entire field resembles a vectorial combination of parabolic beams, exhibiting dependence on solutions to the inhomogeneous Bessel equation and asymmetry due to the orbital angular momentum associated rotational diffraction. Our work reveals the rich optical processes involved at the interplay between scalar and vectorial interference, opening intriguing questions on the duality, complementarity, and non-separability of vectorial light fields.
Degree of paraxiality of an electromagnetic fractional multi-Gaussian Schell-model beam
Authors: Huang Ju , Xiang Sufen , Jiang Wen , Ji Xiaoling , Wang Tao
Published: July 2021

The degree of paraxiality (DOP) of an electromagnetic fractional multi-Gaussian Schell-model (EM-FMGSM) beam is discussed, and the effect of the properties of the light source on its DOP is also studied. It is shown from the numerical results that the DOP of an EM-FMGSM beam is determined by the rms widths of the auto-correlation functions, the truncated parameter, the degree of polarization, and the boundary characteristics of its source. Moreover, the far-field divergence angle of the beam source is also investigated to illustrate the behaviors of the DOP.
Scheme for sub-shot-noise transmission measurement using a time-multiplexed single-photon source
Authors: Magnoni Agustina G. , Knoll Laura T. , Larotonda Miguel A.
Published: July 2021

Sub-shot-noise performance in transmission measurements can be achieved in optical quantum metrology owing to significantly lower uncertainty in light intensity of quantum beams compared to their classical counterparts. In this work, we simulate the outcome of an experiment that uses a multiplexed single-photon source, considering several types of experimental losses, where we show that the sub-Poissonian statistics of the output is key for achieving sub-shot-noise performance. We compare the numerical results with the shot-noise limit attained using coherent sources and the quantum limit, obtained with an ideal photon-number Fock state. We also investigate conditions in which threshold detectors can be used, as well as the effect of input light fluctuations. Our results show that sub-shot-noise performance can be achieved with improvement factors ranging from 1.5 to 2, even without using number-resolving detectors.
Spectroscopic Mueller matrix ellipsometry of a gap surface plasmon array at conical incidences
Authors: Walmsness Per Magnus , Hale Nathan , Kildemo Morten
Published: July 2021

Spectroscopic Mueller matrix ellipsometry is used to study an array of rectangular Au patches on a

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film backed by optically thick Au. The array supports resonances related to gap surface plasmons and Rayleigh anomalies, and these are mapped out by full rotation of the azimuthal angle of incidence. The finite element method is used to model the system, and it is found that the Ti adhesion layers at

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interfaces used in the manufacture process must be included in the model for accurate results. We show how oxidation of the Ti layer beneath the Au patch causes the optical response to drift in time, and we demonstrate an extreme sensitivity of the Mueller matrix to the dimensions of the patch.
High-performance surface plasmon resonance refractometer based on a no-core fiber coated with a silver film
Authors: Liu Yundong , Chen Hailiang , Li Hongyu , Zhang Song , Gao Zhigang , Feng Yuhui , Zhang Yingyue , Li Shuguang
Published: July 2021

Owing to their high sensitivity, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors depict broad application prospects in biochemical detection, environmental monitoring, and food safety. In this paper, an optical fiber-based SPR sensor is proposed and demonstrated for the refractive index (RI) detection of liquid samples. This sensor is composed of a multimode fiber (MMF), a no-core fiber (NCF), and another MMF that is connected in sequence. The length of the NCF is 2 cm. A thin silver film is deposited on the NCF surface to stimulate the SPR effect. Experimental results indicated that the shift amount of resonance dip wavelength is as high as 303.6 nm as RI increases from 1.333 to 1.4107. A sensitivity of 2507.58 nm/RIU with a fitting linearity

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of 0.9931 is obtained in the lower RI region of 1.333–1.3723, while the sensitivity and

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reaches 5228.21 nm/RIU and 0.97395, respectively, in the higher RI region of 1.3723–1.4107. Compared with previously reported RI sensors, the proposed fiber optic SPR sensor exhibits the advantages of simple structure, small volume, low cost, high sensitivity, and wide detection range.
Compact dual-crystal Tm,Ho:YLF laser with balanced orthogonal polarization output power
Authors: Zhang Xinlu , Guo Tingting , Kang Panqiang , Huang Jinjer
Published: July 2021

The compact dual-crystal orthogonally polarized Tm,Ho:YLF laser with balanced orthogonal polarization output power was reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Two pieces of a-cut Tm,Ho:YLF crystals were placed compactly with their c-axis perpendicular. The maximum multimode total output power of 460 mW was obtained with the slope efficiency of 28.2%, and the M2 factor value was measured to be 1.07. By adjusting the pump focus position along the optical axis in the process of changing pump power, the balanced output powers in the two orthogonal polarization directions were successfully achieved, and the maximum output powers of the P-polarization and S-polarization states were both 215 mW. Inserting two uncoated solid state etalons into the resonator, the dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode laser with orthogonal polarization was obtained. The output powers at P-polarized 2052.1 nm and S-polarized2065 nm were 71mW and 62mW, respectively, and the M2 factor was 1.26. The orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength laser at 2 µm can be used as a seed laser for differential absorption lidars and coherent THz wave generation.
Laser induced visible and infrared emission of a tungsten filament
Authors: Strek Wieslaw , Stefanski Mariusz , Hanulia Taras , Tomala Robert , Wiewiorski Przemyslaw
Published: July 2021

The measurements of laser induced emission (LIE) of a tungsten filament upon irradiation with the focused beam of a CW IR laser diode are reported. It was found that the emission occurred in visible and infrared range. The influence of the applied DC electric field significantly affected the intensity of LIE of the tungsten filament. The origin of LIE is discussed in terms of multiphoton ionization of tungsten W+ atoms assisted by light emission due to the intervalence charge transfer in the tungsten hybrid domain (W, W+).
Chaotic RNA and DNA for security OFDM-WDM-PON and dynamic key agreement
Authors: Cui Mengwei , Chen Yuhang , Zhang Chongfu , Liang Xinshuai , Wu Tingwei , Liu Sinian , Wen Heping , Qiu Kun
Published: July 2021

A chaotic ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encryption scheme is firstly proposed for security OFDM-WDM-PON in this paper. We adopt a dynamic key agreement based on the messenger RNA (mRNA) codebook to distribute the key, and the security and randomness of this key are enhanced by a pre-sharing key parameter set instead of transmission of a key directly. Also, the security key can be dynamically updated in real-time according to the needs of the users. The real (I) and imaginary (Q) parts of the QAM symbol matrix after modulation are encrypted by the correspondence between transfer RNA (tRNA) and amino acids and the selection mapping of DNA base complementary rules. Also, we add cubic permutation to ensure all data security encryption. The encrypted signals of 35.29 Gb/s on different wavelength channels are successfully demonstrated over a 25-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and a back-to-back (BTB) system. It is proved that the proposed security OFDM-WDM-PON encryption scheme is compatible with the traditional WDM system, which can make full use of bandwidth resources and enhance the security with a large key space.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect in the spatiotemporal domain II: the effect of spatiotemporal coupling
Authors: Abbas Adeel , Wang Li-Gang
Published: July 2021

Spatiotemporal coupling is present when the electric fields of any pulsed beams fail to separate into a product of purely spatial and temporal factors, and it affects ultimately on the propagation of the light. Here we study the effect of spatiotemporal coupling on the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect for the first time, with the help of our recent developed method [Opt. Express 28, 32077 (2020)10.1364/OE.405726], by assuming the Gaussian statistics of partially coherent spatiotemporal pulsed sources containing the intensity and correlation coupling effect between the spatial and temporal domain. The generalized results for the spatiotemporal coupling HBT effect are investigated and through a nontrivial two-dimensional case, we numerically illustrate the influence of the spatiotemporal coupling on the HBT effect. It observes that even a very tiny coupling effect will strongly change the HBT effect at longer distances. This work will be potentially useful for the study of the HBT effect (intensity-intensity correlations) with dynamic sources having spatiotemporal coupling in both optics and other branches of physics.
Expression of Transcription Factor CREM in Human Tissues
Authors: Kaprio Heidi , Heuser Vanina D. , Orte Katri , Tukiainen Mikko , Leivo Ilmo , Gardberg Maria
Published: July 2021

Cyclic AMP element modulator (CREM) is a transcription factor best known for its intricate involvement in spermatogenesis. The CREM gene encodes for multiple protein isoforms, which can enhance or repress transcription of target genes. Recent studies have identified fusion genes, with CREM as a partner gene in many neoplastic diseases. EWSR1-CREM fusion genes have been found in several mesenchymal tumors and in salivary gland carcinoma. These genes encode fusion proteins that include the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of CREM. We used a transcriptomic approach and immunohistochemistry to study the expression of CREM isoforms that include DNA-binding domains across human tissues. We found that CREM protein is widely expressed in almost all normal human tissues. A transcriptomic analysis of normal tissues and cancer showed that transcription of CREM can be altered in tumors, suggesting that also wild-type CREM may be involved in cancer biology. The wide expression of CREM protein in normal human tissues and cancer may limit the utility of immunohistochemistry for identification of tumors with CREM fusions:
A novel stochastic simulation approach enables exploration of mechanisms for regulating polarity site movement
Authors: Ramirez Samuel A. , Pablo Michael , Burk Sean , Lew Daniel J. , Elston Timothy C.
Published: July 2021

Cells polarize their movement or growth toward external directional cues in many different contexts. For example, budding yeast cells grow toward potential mating partners in response to pheromone gradients. Directed growth is controlled by polarity factors that assemble into clusters at the cell membrane. The clusters assemble, disassemble, and move between different regions of the membrane before eventually forming a stable polarity site directed toward the pheromone source. Pathways that regulate clustering have been identified but the molecular mechanisms that regulate cluster mobility are not well understood. To gain insight into the contribution of chemical noise to cluster behavior we simulated clustering using the reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) framework to account for molecular-level fluctuations. RDME simulations are a computationally efficient approximation, but their results can diverge from the underlying microscopic dynamics. We implemented novel concentration-dependent rate constants that improved the accuracy of RDME-based simulations, allowing us to efficiently investigate how cluster dynamics might be regulated. Molecular noise was effective in relocating clusters when the clusters contained low numbers of limiting polarity factors, and when Cdc42, the central polarity regulator, exhibited short dwell times at the polarity site. Cluster stabilization occurred when abundances or binding rates were altered to either lengthen dwell times or increase the number of polarity molecules in the cluster. We validated key results using full 3D particle-based simulations. Understanding the mechanisms cells use to regulate the dynamics of polarity clusters should provide insights into how cells dynamically track external directional cues.
Sperm migration in the genital tract—In silico experiments identify key factors for reproductive success
Authors: Diemer Jorin , Hahn Jens , Goldenbogen Björn , Müller Karin , Klipp Edda
Published: July 2021

Sperm migration in the female genital tract controls sperm selection and, therefore, reproductive success as male gametes are conditioned for fertilization while their number is dramatically reduced. Mechanisms underlying sperm migration are mostly unknown, sincein vivoinvestigations are mostly unfeasible for ethical or practical reasons. By presenting a spatio-temporal model of the mammalian female genital tract combined with agent-based description of sperm motion and interaction as well as parameterizing it with bovine data, we offer an alternative possibility for studying sperm migrationin silico. The model incorporates genital tract geometry as well as biophysical principles of sperm motion observedin vitrosuch as positive rheotaxis and thigmotaxis. This model for sperm migration from vagina to oviducts was successfully tested againstin vivodata from literature. We found that physical sperm characteristics such as velocity and directional stability as well as sperm-fluid interactions and wall alignment are critical for success, i.e. sperms reaching the oviducts. Therefore, we propose that these identified sperm parameters should be considered in detail for conditioning sperm in artificial selection procedures since the natural processes are normally bypassed in reproductivein vitrotechnologies. The tremendous impact of mucus flow to support sperm accumulation in the oviduct highlights the importance of a species-specific optimum time window for artificial insemination regarding ovulation. Predictions from our extendablein silicoexperimental system will improve assisted reproduction in humans, endangered species, and livestock.