bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les recherches sur la difficulté dans le travail enseignant : approches et résultats
Authors: Murillo Audrey , Nunez-Moscoso Javier
Published: June 2019

Cette note de synthèse rend compte des recherches sur la difficulté dans le travail enseignant. A partir d’une revue de travaux francophones, anglophones et hispanophones, nous mettons en évidence cinq types d’approches : les approches psychologiques, sociologiques/ anthropologiques, didactiques, des théories du travail et de l’activité, et les approches empiristes. Nous en décrivons les spécificités théoriques et méthodologiques, puis synthétisons les résultats des recherches issues de chacune de ces approches, autour de thèmes divers, tels les facteurs de stress et de burn out , les conditions de travail, les difficultés au sein des classes, les difficultés à durer dans le métier, la gestion des incidents didactiques, ou encore l’accompagnement des enseignants en difficulté. Enfin, nous mettons en évidence quelques aspects de l’évolution historique des études sur la difficulté, ainsi que les résultats transversaux à plusieurs approches.
Stigmatization, Liability and Public Enforcement of Law
Authors: Buchen Clemens , Deffains Bruno , Palermo Alberto
Published: June 2019

La mise en oeuvre des règles de responsabilité implique de choisir entre un régime de responsabilité pour faute ou sans faute. Dans cet article, nous analysons les déterminants du respect des règles de droit lorsqu’il existe des coûtes liés à la stigmatisation en plus des incitations économiques standard. Ce coût de stigmatisation ne correspond donc pas à un simple transfert de ressources. Nous montrons que lorsque le standard définissant le régime de responsabilité pour faute est égal au niveau de dissuasion, le résultat n’est jamais optimal. Le régime de responsabilité optimal dépend des montants de dommages constatés et du coût de la stigmatisation. Classification JEL: K13, K42, D62
Géopolitique du Belize : entre Amérique centrale et Caraïbe, entre marge et centre
Authors: Cunin Elisabeth
Published: June 2019

Le Belize est un pays à part dans son environnement régional : objet de rivalités entre les puissances coloniales (Grande-Bretagne et Espagne) aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles, il se situe aujourd’hui à la charnière de la Caraïbe et de l’Amérique centrale. Devenu indépendant en 1981, il est à la fois à la périphérie des dynamiques politiques et économiques mondiales, tout en concentrant de nombreuses problématiques sociales contemporaines (faiblesse de l’État, pauvreté, migrations, violence, etc.). La construction de l’État-nation bélizien et sa gestion de la diversité ethnique permettent, en outre, d’éclairer le statut de ce « petit pays », qui combine subalternité et idiosyncrasie.
Qui contrôle le sport en Russie ?
Authors: Aubin Lukas
Published: June 2019

Résumé En 2000, Vladimir Poutine héritait d’un modèle sportif au bord du gouffre. Comment expliquer qu’à peine vingt ans plus tard, celui-ci fonctionne à plein régime ? Réponse : la sportokratura , un néologisme formé des mots « sport », « kratos » – « force, pouvoir » en grec ancien – et « nomenklatura », qui désigne le mouvement politico-sportif russe depuis l’arrivée de V. Poutine à la tête de la Fédération de Russie. Sans équivalent, ce mouvement est composé d’oligarques, de sportifs et de femmes et d’hommes politiques choisis par le président, qui gravitent de manière centripète autour du Kremlin et concourent à un double objectif commun déclaré : hygiéniser la population russe et augmenter le prestige du pays sur le plan international. En d’autres termes, la sportokratura désigne la mainmise et l’implication de la nouvelle nomenklatura sur le monde du sport russe. Il s’agit de « l’élite du pouvoir postsoviétique », constituée de manière informelle à la direction des plus hauts postes dans les domaines politique, économique et institutionnel. Leur valeur financière, politique et symbolique peut et doit servir au bon fonctionnement et à la pérennité de l’État russe. Cet article est une plongée dans les rouages de la machinerie du sport russe sous V. Poutine afin de mieux en comprendre les fonctionnements et les objectifs. Loin d’être en roue libre, cette organisation est au contraire un gigantesque ballet complexe et rythmé, révélateur d’un système politique russe jusqu’alors très opaque. Dès lors, qui dirige le sport en Russie aujourd’hui ? Qu’est-ce que la sportokratura  ? Comment fonctionne-t-elle ? Et de quoi est-elle le nom ?
Firm specialization in clean energy technologies: The influence of path dependence and technological diversification
Authors: Laurens Patricia , Le Bas Christian , Lhuillery Stéphane
Published: June 2019

This article introduces two important changes regarding the substantial literature on the determinants of firms’ innovations in clean energy. Firstly, we consider not firms’ innovation performance in clean technology, but their specialization in these new technologies, through the index of revealed technological advantages. Secondly, we test the effects of a variable of path dependence (the past level of specialization) and an indicator of technological diversification. Our empirical analysis is based on a sample of 946 large globalized firms, which have a very high level of R&D expenditure. The results of the different estimations show that: 1) there is a path dependence effect, i.e., past specialization in research in clean energy technologies explains current specialization; 2) the path dependence effect is stronger with more recent technological specialization than it is with older specialization; 3) past technological diversification explains (but only weakly) current specialization in clean energy innovation. Otherwise, some determinants highlighted for firms’ innovation performance also play a role, in particular firms’ intellectual capital in clean technology.JEL classification: D22, O32, O33, Q54, Q55.
Preliminary investigation on the microbiological quality of edible marine gastropods of the Adriatic Sea, Italy
Authors: Serratore Patrizia , Zavatta Emanuele , Bignami Giorgia , Lorito Luna
Published: June 2019

According to the European Legislation, marine gastropods placed unprocessed on the market must comply with the same requirements established for live bivalve molluscs but, being considered not filterfeeding and unable to concentrate fecal contaminants, they may be harvested outside the classified areas. Despite this statement, little scientific information is available on the microbiological quality of these animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate 28 batches of edible snails of the Adriatic Sea, namely Nassarius mutabilis and Bolinus brandaris, with respect to i) smell and viability, by a method here reported; ii) the bacterial component of the whole body referred to E. coli, Vibrio spp., V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae and V. alginolyticus. A total of 21 batches of N. mutabilis and 7 batches of B. brandaris were analyzed. Batches of both species retrieved from the primary production were all largely composed of viable animals, had saltwater/neutral smell, and showed mean value of Vibrio spp. of 5,34 and 5,79 log10 UFC g-1 in N. mutabilis and B. brandaris respectively. 47% of the batches of N. mutabilis retrieved from the market, were largely composed of dead animals, had acrid/nasty smell, and showed mean value of Vibrio spp. of 6,53 log10 UFC g-1. E. coli, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae were never detected, but all samples were positive for V. alginolyticus. One sample of B. brandaris was positive for V. parahaemolyticus genotyped by PCR at the specie level (ToxR+) and positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh+).
Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease - Cardiology Area: An essential instrument for the Italian Association of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation (GICR-IACPR)
Authors: Cardiology Area The Editors -
Published: June 2019

At the beginning of the triennium 2019-2022, as Editors of the Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease - Cardiology Area, we  would like to share with all cardiologists and allied health  professionals working in cardiovascular prevention and  rehabilitation the status of our Journal, which is the official Journal of the Italian Association of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation (GICR-IACPR), and has contributed in these past years, thanks to effort and dedication of all Editors who have preceded us, to the advancement of our profession, and to an enrichment and dissemination of its scientific contents.
A rare cause of acute scrotum in a child: torsion of an epididymal cyst. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Messina Mario , Fusi Giulia , Ferrara Francesco , Bindi Edoardo , Pellegrino Chiara , Molinaro Francesco , Angotti Rossella
Published: June 2019

Torsion of an epididymal cyst is an extremely rare cause of acute scrotum in children and in young boys. Its reported incidence is 5-20%. The treatment is usually conservative. Many cases (up to 60%) regress spontaneously, especially if below 3 cm. Few cases have been reported in Literature (7 cases/2018). We add our patient as eighth case. He was a 13-year-old boy who was admitted for acute scrotum. Ultrasound excluded torsion of the testis and he was managed for 5 day conservatively. Based on clinical history and physical exam, we decided to perform a prompt surgery that revealed a torsion of epididymal cyst that was confirmed by histological exam.
Editorial
Authors: Els Gideon
Published: June 2019

No abstract avalaible
Die lewensvatbaarheid van boerbokboerdery: 'n Vergelykende gevallestudie
Authors: Fourie Wilbrie , Oberholzer Merwe , Buys Pieter
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to design a case study where a number of management accounting evaluation techniques, namely performance measurement (short-term focus), capital investment evaluation (long-term focus) and risk, have been identified to compare the financial results of different scenarios between Boer goat, mutton breeds and beef cattle farming. The contribution of the study is that it simplifies the decision-making regarding the choice between the types of red meat farming used for different scenarios, namely farm size and available capital. Compliant software that have been developed, allow the user to compile unique scenarios and make decisions according to that. The value of this should be determined by taking into account that there are, as for other livestock types in South Africa, no readily available market indicators for the Boer goat currently. This deficiency leads to price uncertainty that makes it difficult to determine the value of the Boer goat industry.
A critical investigation of the interaction between sections 8(4)(a), 9H and paragraph 40 of the eighth schedule of the income tax act No. 58 of 1962 versus the current practice of The South African Revenue Service
Authors: Straus Carien , Willemse Leonard
Published: June 2019

Section 9H and paragraph 40 of the Eighth Schedule of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (‘the Act’) determines that a person is deemed to dispose of all of his assets (bar a few exceptions) at market value when that person ceases to be a South African resident or passes away, respectively. This deemed disposal is treated as a disposal event for capital gains tax purposes in terms of the Eighth Schedule of the Act. The question that arises is whether this deemed disposal event gives rise to a recoupment in terms of section 8(4)(a). In practice there currently seems to be uncertainty with regard to this issue, as there are different interpretations and applications of these provisions. This article investigates the interaction between sections 8(4)(a), 9H and paragraph 40 of the Eighth Schedule in order to determine whether a section 8(4)(a) recoupment should be included, or not, in the taxpayer’s gross income according to paragraph (n) of the gross income definition found in section 1 of the Act.
Investigating board diversity in South Africa
Authors: Mans-Kemp Nadia , Viviers Suzette
Published: June 2019

The issue of board diversity has been widely debated. Given the lack of conclusive empirical evidence, this study investigated the relationship between gender and race board diversity and the financial performance of South African companies. The sample covered 1 542 annual observations over the period 2002 to 2012. The percentage of female and black directors of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange increased significantly over the research period. Board diversity differed considerably across industries. A statistically significant positive relationship existed between the percentage of both female and black directors and earnings per share. In contrast, a statistically significant negative relationship was found between the percentage of both female and black directors and total shareholder return. Given the lack of a clear business case, the question arises as to how board diversity on the JSE can be encouraged. The researchers recommend that more attention should be given to the development and mentoring of diverse board candidates.
Merchant cash advances: investigating the taxation consequences in South Africa
Authors: Kilian Eduard , Nel Rudie
Published: June 2019

The merchant cash advance is an emerging lending product designed to address the need to maintain cash flows and is essentially the business equivalent of a “payday” loan. A lump-sum advance is made by the merchant cash advance service provider to a business (the merchant) in exchange for an agreed upon percentage of future credit and/or debit card receivables. This article investigates the taxation consequences of merchant cash advance transactions in South Africa, in an attempt to provide guidance which is currently lacking. Although it is posited that a merchant cash advance is a form of debt factoring, the income tax treatment of the initial advance and the resulting discount reflect that of a loan. Through the investigation it was determined that merchants will be able to deduct the discount and processing fees from income. The merchant cash advance service provider will include such discount and processing fee in ‘gross income’. The initial advance and any resulting discount are held to be a ‘financial service’ and therefore an exempt supply for VAT purposes, with the processing fee constituting a taxable supply.
The use of activity-based costing in South African private health care industry
Authors: Botha Gideon , Vermaak Frans
Published: June 2019

The private health care industry is facing uncertainty and change as a result of the market inquiry being undertaken by the Competition Commission into the private health care industry, the introduction of the National Health Insurance and the possibility of fee regulation. This study seeks to determine the extent to which activity-based costing is used within the operations of private health care facilities in South Africa. A structured online questionnaire was used to collect the primary data; it was completed by 32 private health care facilities and three hospital groups. This study found that the level of activity-based costing adoption at a health care facility level increased from 1.2% in 1994 to 31% in 2013. The increase in the level of activity-based costing adoption indicates that the private health care facilities are willing to adopt and use innovative management tools and techniques to face their current challenges.
Multiple nodal solutions to a Robin problem with sign-changing potential and locally defined reaction
Authors: Guarnotta Umberto , Marano Salvatore A. , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S.
Published: June 2019

A Robin boundary-value problem with non-homogeneous differential operator, indefinite potential, and reaction defined only near zero is investigated. The existence of one or more nodal solutions is achieved by using truncation, perturbation, and comparison techniques, results from Morse theory, besides variational methods.
Filter exhaustiveness and filter limit theorems for $k$-triangular lattice group-valued set functions
Authors: Boccuto Antonio , Dimitriou Xenofon
Published: June 2019

We give some limit theorems for sequences of lattice group-valued

k

-triangular set functions, in the setting of filter convergence, and some results about their equivalence. We use the tool of filter exhaustiveness to get uniform

(s)

-boundedness, uniform continuity and uniform regularity of a suitable subsequence of the given sequence, whose indexes belong to the involved filter. Furthermore we pose some open problems.
Organic aerosol source apportionment in Zurich using an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) – Part 2: Biomass burning influences in winter
Authors: Qi Lu , Chen Mindong , Stefenelli Giulia , Pospisilova Veronika , Tong Yandong , Bertrand Amelie , Hueglin Christoph , Ge Xinlei , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. , Slowik Jay G.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Real-time, in situ molecular composition measurements of the organic
fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remain challenging,
hindering a full understanding of the climate impacts and health effects of
PM2.5. In particular, the thermal decomposition and ionization-induced
fragmentation affecting current techniques has limited a detailed
investigation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which typically dominates
OA. Here we deploy a novel extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight
mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) during winter 2017 in downtown Zurich,
Switzerland, which overcomes these limitations, together with an Aerodyne
high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) and
supporting instrumentation. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) implemented
within the Multilinear Engine (ME-2) program was applied to the EESI-TOF-MS data to
quantify the primary and secondary contributions to OA. An 11-factor
solution was selected as the best representation of the data, including five primary and six secondary factors. Primary factors showed influence from
cooking, cigarette smoke, biomass burning (two factors) and a special local
unknown event occurred only during two nights. Secondary factors were
affected by biomass burning (three factors, distinguished by temperature and/or
wind direction), organonitrates, monoterpene oxidation, and undetermined
regional processing, in particular the contributions of wood combustion.
While the AMS attributed slightly over half the OA mass to SOA but did not
identify its source, the EESI-TOF-MS showed that most (>70 %) of
the SOA was derived from biomass burning. Together with significant
contributions from less aged biomass burning factors identified by both AMS
and EESI-TOF-MS, this firmly establishes biomass burning as the single most
important contributor to OA mass at this site during winter. High
correlation was obtained between EESI-TOF-MS and AMS PMF factors where specific
analogues existed, as well as between total signal and POA–SOA
apportionment. This suggests the EESI-TOF-MS apportionment in the current study
can be approximately taken at face value, despite ion-by-ion differences in
relative sensitivity. The apportionment of specific ions measured by the
EESI-TOF-MS (e.g., levoglucosan, nitrocatechol, and selected organic acids) and
utilization of a cluster analysis-based approach to identify key marker ions
for the EESI-TOF-MS factors are investigated. The interpretability of the
EESI-TOF-MS results and improved source separation relative to the AMS within
this pilot campaign validate the EESI-TOF-MS as a promising approach to source
apportionment and atmospheric composition research.
Surface temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis data sets
Authors: Fujiwara Masatomo , Martineau Patrick , Wright Jonathon S.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The global response of air temperature at 2 metre above the surface to the eruptions of Mount Agung in March 1963, El Chichón in April 1982, and Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 is investigated using 11 global atmospheric reanalysis data sets (JRA-55, JRA-25, MERRA-2, MERRA, ERA-Interim, ERA-40, CFSR, NCEP-NCAR R-1, 20CR version 2c, ERA-20C, and CERA-20C). Multiple linear regression (MLR) is applied to the monthly mean time series of temperature for two periods, 1980–2010 (for 10 reanalyses) and 1958–2001 (for six reanalyses), by considering explanatory factors of seasonal harmonics, linear trends, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), solar cycle, tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, and Arctic SST variations. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to these climatic indices to obtain a set of orthogonal indices to be used for the MLR. The residuals of the MLR are used to define the volcanic signals for the three eruptions separately. First, latitudinally averaged time series of the residuals are investigated and compared with the results from previous studies. Then, the geographical distribution of the response during the peak cooling period after each eruption is investigated. In general, different reanalyses show similar geographical patterns of the response, but with the largest differences in the polar regions. The Pinatubo response shows largest average cooling in the 60° N–60° S region among the three eruptions, with a peak cooling of 0.10–0.15 K. The El Chichón response shows slightly larger cooling in the NH than in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), while the Agung response shows larger cooling in the SH. These hemispheric differences are consistent with the distribution of stratospheric aerosol optical depth after these eruptions; however, the peak cooling after these two eruptions is comparable in magnitude to unexplained cooling events in other periods without volcanic influence. Other methods in which the MLR model is used with different sets of indices are also tested, and it is found that careful treatment of tropical SST variability is necessary to evaluate the surface response to volcanic eruptions in observations and reanalyses.
New chronological constraints on the timing of Late Pleistocene glacier advances in northern Switzerland
Authors: Gaar Dorian , Graf Hans Rudolf , Preusser Frank
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Deposits of the Reuss Glacier in the central northern Alpine foreland of Switzerland are dated using luminescence methodology. Methodological considerations on partial bleaching and fading correction of different signals imply the robustness of the results. An age of ca. 25 ka for sediment directly overlying basal lodgement till corresponds well with existing age constraints for the last maximal position of glaciers of the northern Swiss Alpine Foreland. Luminescence ages imply an earlier advance of Reuss Glacier into the lowlands during Marine Isotope Stage 4. The presented data are compared to findings from other parts of the Alps regarding glacier dynamics and palaeoclimatological implications, such as the source of precipitation during the Late Pleistocene.
Wind direction estimation using SCADA data with consensus-based optimization
Authors: Annoni Jennifer , Bay Christopher , Johnson Kathryn , Dall'Anese Emiliano , Quon Eliot , Kemper Travis , Fleming Paul
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Wind turbines in a wind farm typically operate individually to maximize their own performance and do not take into account information from nearby turbines. To enable cooperation to achieve farm-level objectives, turbines will need to use information from nearby turbines to optimize performance, ensure resiliency when other sensors fail, and adapt to changing local conditions. A key element of achieving a more efficient wind farm is to develop algorithms that ensure reliable, robust, real-time, and efficient operation of wind turbines in a wind farm using local sensor information that is already being collected, such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data, local meteorological stations, and nearby radars/sodars/lidars. This article presents a framework for developing a cooperative wind farm that incorporates information from nearby turbines in real time to better align turbines in a wind farm. SCADA data from multiple turbines can be used to make better estimates of the local inflow conditions at each individual turbine. By incorporating measurements from multiple nearby turbines, a more reliable estimate of the wind direction can be obtained at an individual turbine. The consensus-based approach presented in this paper uses information from nearby turbines to estimate wind direction in an iterative way rather than aggregating all the data in a wind farm at once. Results indicate that this estimate of the wind direction can be used to improve the turbine's knowledge of the wind direction. This estimated wind direction signal has implications for potentially decreasing dynamic yaw misalignment, decreasing the amount of time a turbine spends yawing due to a more reliable input to the yaw controller, increasing resiliency to faulty wind-vane measurements, and increasing the potential for wind farm control strategies such as wake steering.
Celebrating August Wilson's Legacy in Smoketown
Authors: Whitaker Mark
Published: June 2019

In his opening address to attendees of the August Wilson Colloquium, Mark Whitaker—from his perspective as author of Smoketown—discusses the research he conducted and the subsequent incorporation of the topic of August Wilson into his book.  Beginning with the assertion that that Wilson’s family story "fits the larger pattern of migrants from the northern part of the Old South who arrived in Pittsburgh with a respect for literacy and religious discipline," Whitaker contrasts the history of  black Pittsburgh as reported in the pages of The Pittsburgh Courier with the metaphorical representations in Wilson's American Century Cycle.
August Wilson House, Duquesne University, Nancy Beard Foundation Team Up to Support Emerging Artists through August Wilson Fellowship
Authors: Quain Laura E.
Published: June 2019

The August Wilson House, Pittsburgh's Duquesne University and the Nancy Beard Foundation have partnered with to create a fellowship aimed at supporting scholars and artists of color, in an attempt to bring August Wilson's creative legacy "full circle."
Reading August Wilson's Character and His Characters: A Suggestive Introduction
Authors: Nadel Alan
Published: June 2019

In this short piece, Nadel argues that is it crucial for Wilson's characters, like Wilson himself, to control the terms and conditions of their existence.
Sherlock, Watson, Wilson, and the Adventure of the MDWs
Authors: Anderson David L.
Published: June 2019

A welcome to the inaugural edition of the August Wilson Journal, written by the managing editor.
Strategies for Improving Self-Efficacy: A Qualitative Analysis of Detroit’s Downtown Boxing Gym
Authors: Case Amanda Sommerfeld , Christophe N. Keita
Published: June 2019

Structural inequalities present throughout U.S. public schools are known to contribute to the significant achievement gaps that persist between lower-income students of color and their more financially secure, White peers. Because of this, community programs have been identified as places where typically underserved students can receive the support required for positive development and academic achievement. The current study used qualitative methods to explore how one community program, Detroit’s Downtown Boxing Gym, fosters self-efficacy in school-aged youth from Detroit Public Schools. Focus group participants reported they are indeed experiencing increases in self-efficacy as a result of the mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, and verbal persuasion they receive at the gym. Specific recommendations for how other programs might foster self-efficacy, including establishing a program climate where students feel cared for, ensuring program staff truly believe students can be successful, identifying opportunities for students to have mastery experiences, and utilizing peer modeling, are discussed.
My Life So Far as a Young Immigrant
Authors: Kariuki Titus Kiragu
Published: June 2019

Learning and adjusting to a new culture can often be an exciting and challenging experience. Young people experiencing new cultures hold a unique set of experiences that influence their transition into adulthood. The following essay highlights the experiences of a college freshman who recently immigrated from Kenya. The author tackles issues surrounding adjusting to new cultures and obstacles he has faced and highlights important life lessons that have helped his success.
From Immigrant to American
Authors: Seo Hwanhui
Published: June 2019

I am a 1.5 generation immigrant from South Korea who is responsible for my own family. I have encountered countless hardships because of the barrier of language. I had to catch up with people whose first languages are English. Those sometimes let me down but I soon started thinking that they make me stronger when I overcome.
El recetario médico de Enrique IV de Castilla (Real Academia de la Historia, 2/Ms. 46, ff. 123r-130v): un ejemplo de transmisión textual en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Serrano Larráyoz Fernando , López Gómez Érika
Published: June 2019

El manuscrito conservado en la Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid) con signatura 2/Ms. 46, ff. 123r-130v, que responde al título de Reçeptas que fizo el doctor Gómez para el muy alto e muy esclareçido rey don Enrrique el quarto, nuestro sennor, es un texto que no ha sido debidamente estudiado desde el punto de vista de la transmisión de las recetas médicas. Hace unos años Marcelino V. Amasuno atribuyó al doctor Gómez García de Salamanca su composición, relacionándolo con otros dos textos del mismo autor: el denominado Compendio de medicina destinado al maestre de Santiago Álvaro de Luna, conservado en la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Salamanca, y a las recetas que siguen al que denominó Recetario contra la pestilencia, también en la Real Academia de la Historia. La presente aportación pretende, por un lado, confirmar su datación mediante un estudio paleográfico y codicológico y, por otro, establecer su individualidad o no mediante el cotejo de las recetas entre dichos recetarios.
Representaciones sociales y la construcción de discursos estereotipados en la enseñanza de la Historia. Un análisis a partir del campesinado (ss. XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Gómez Carrasco Cosme J. , García González Francisco
Published: June 2019

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la naturaleza del discurso histórico predominante en las aulas y la transmisión de estereotipos sociales a través del campesinado de los siglos XVI-XVIII. Para ello el marco de observación se ha circunscrito a los niveles preuniversitarios analizando el discurso de los libros de texto así como las preguntas de los exámenes. Los resultados muestran el predominio de las narrativas maestras que versan sobre la construcción de la nación, la hegemonía de la historia política e institucional y la existencia de un discurso estereotipado sobre el campesinado y la sociedad rural alejado de la investigación que actualmente están desarrollando.
¿Quebrantar la ley para guardar su espíritu? Esbozos sobre la censura libraria en territorios forales
Authors: Esteban Ochoa de Eribe Javier
Published: June 2019

Diferentes trabajos centrados en la censura libraria en la España del antiguo régimen nos han permitido tener una visión de conjunto desde la que valorar fenómenos más particulares. Habiendo estudiado la producción impresa en euskera, en el siguiente artículo nos preguntamos por la relación entre este tipo de obra y el aparato censor del Consejo de Castilla. El escaso número de pistas en este sentido contrasta con una producción que comenzaba a consolidarse en el siglo XVIII; su análisis puede trazar preguntas de interés para un estudio de índole más general.
Éxitos y fracasos del ordoliberalismo: la flexiseguridad alemana como modelo de desarrollo europeo
Authors: Cazorla Rodríguez Marta
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo es un análisis del modelo de flexiseguridad, enmarcada en la tradición ordoliberal alemana y su modelo de cogestión. Su objetivo es dilucidar los factores de éxito y de fracaso de las reformas estructurales que se llevaron a cabo en Alemania a principios de nuestro siglo a partir del análisis de su impacto en una serie de variables laborales, sociales y macroeconómicas. Los datos muestran que la generalización del empleo precario ha provocado una dependencia de la demanda externa por parte de la economía alemana, lo cual a su vez ha impulsado un régimen de acumulación guiado por las exportaciones, que explota y agrava las divergencias dentro de la UEM.
Distritos industriales y renta económica: el efecto distrito – renta
Authors: Vila Garrido Jordi
Published: June 2019

En el presente trabajo se expone una primera aproximación al efecto distrito desde la variable de la renta económica, lo que se ha denominado efecto distrito – renta. Esta aproximación al fenómeno distritural se realiza desde la perspectiva del desarrollo local neomarshalliano para enfatizar la centralidad del distrito industrial como fuente de interpretaciones propias sobre el cambio económico y sujeto activo del mismo. A nivel empírico se realiza una aproximación a la contrastación de la existencia o no de efecto distrito – renta en los distritos industriales españoles para el año 2013; estos datos son analizados a través de la comparativa de la renta total, per cápita y por ocupado expresada por los distritos industriales en relación al resto de tipologías de sistemas productivos locales.
Social Care and Gender: Who Cares for Dependent Adults in Spain?
Authors: De Vera Violeta , Ondé Daniel , Martín-González Martín
Published: June 2019

Care work encompasses a series of tasks of distinct social and economic importance; however, it has not been a traditional object of study in Economics. The main objective of this article is to analyze the factors that intervene in informal care work in Spain. To approach this, an econometric analysis will be conducted using the National Health Survey (ENS as its Spanish acronym) carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) of Spain. The results show that, in Spain, dependent adults do not receive the institutional support they need to perform basic daily activities. In fact, practically all of the care they receive is informal. This article will demonstrate that, within the household, women are responsible for informal care work whenever a family member is in need of such services. Our research shows that this is a consistent pattern regardless of the carer’s personal characteristics and level of education as well as the characteristics of the dependent adult living in the household. These findings reveal the necessity of reorienting public policies in order to help reduce gender inequalities caused by this socio-economic reality.
Cine 3D español: experiencias del cine estereoscópico 3D durante los años del franquismo
Authors: Pérez Rufi José Patricio , Jódar Marín Juan Angel
Published: June 2019

Este artículo investiga los orígenes de la producción española en cine estereoscópico 3D en la década de los cincuenta y sesenta, en pleno franquismo. La rapidez en la producción de cortometrajes tridimensionales muestra un conocimiento de la tecnología de producción foránea y una enorme flexibilidad y agilidad a la hora de crear contenidos 3D en España. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es identificar aquellas producciones cinematográficas españolas realizadas con técnicas estereoscópicas desde la propia filmación o tras su adecuación con técnicas de posproducción para la proyección. La hipótesis es que las muestras puntuales que ha dado la cinematografía española de cintas tridimensionales han respondido a fenómenos de moda pasajeros y no han supuesto hitos de importancia comercial o artística, más allá de la experimentación con las posibilidades del formato. Con todo, recogen una voluntad de aperturismo del cine español hacia las nuevas tecnologías y hacia la búsqueda del público. Aplicaremos una metodología basada en el estudio de caso, a partir de la revisión bibliográfica de fuentes primarias y secundarias dedicadas a la producción y la exhibición cinematográfica en España. Los resultados muestran que la influencia de la cinematografía estadounidense en su vertiente más tecnológica y comercial es evidente, incluso si los organismos del Régimen aplican políticas proteccionistas agresivas frente a la importación de filmes estadounidenses. La conflictiva relación de las productoras de Hollywood con el Régimen franquista no impide su liderazgo en la recaudación en la taquilla ni su influencia en los modos de producción de la cinematografía nacional.
What’s Beyond the Language of Apology? A Case Study
Authors: Al-Qtaishat Ala’
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the realization of the speech act of apology. It seeks to analyze the linguistic patterns used to represent apology from a pragmalinguistic point of view. It aims at presenting an actual insight on the impact of gender and social practices on performing different apology strategies through providing empirical evidence on the impact of the mother tongue on acquiring apology competence by EFL learners. The study made use of the written Discourse Completion Test (DCT) including 20 scenarios administrated to three groups of respondents of both genders: 100 native speakers of Jordanian Arabic, 100 Jordanian EFL learners, and 50 native speakers of American English. The findings revealed that gender has influenced the use of different apology strategies between the males and females of each group. It was also indicated that the sociocultural practices have played a big role in the socio-linguistic realization of apology. This impact was more pronounced throughout the different preference to the use of apology strategies among the three groups. In addition, it was found that there are interlingual hypotheses concerning the foreign language pragmatics prompting the EFL learners to deviate from the native language and English norms of apology. Thus, it was concluded that the mother tongue influence is not the sole source of pragmatic deviations from the second language norms; this influence cannot be described as negative transfer but a creative process done by EFL Learners to master English.
Attitudes and Motivation of Learners towards English: A Case Study of Intermediate Level Students District Matyari, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Memon Irum Pervez , Pathan Habibullah , Thaheem Sahiba Khatoon
Published: June 2019

A lot of discussion in language learning and teaching roams around two key factors, which are motivation and attitude. These variables are considered to impact the success or failure in learning a language. Gardner (1985) believes that students who are highly motivated and have positive attitude are better at mastering and learning language than those with less or no motivation and negative attitude. In order to gain success in language learning both motivation and positive attitude need to coexist together. This study was conducted to find attitudes, motivation and their relationship among intermediate level students in Matyari district. For this research study, a questionnaire was adapted from Gardner’s (1985) AMTB to collect data. The data was analyzed in SPSS through descriptive and inferential analysis. The results revealed that intermediate level students in Matyari district have positive attitude towards English. Further, the study found students intrinsically more motivated than extrinsically. Moreover, it was found that attitudes and motivation have positive relationship. It was concluded that those learners who have positive attitude tend to have more intrinsic motivation.
Water and Steel: The 1977 Johnstown Flood and the Bethlehem Steel Corporation
Authors: Farabaugh Pat
Published: June 2019

On the evening of July 19, 1977, it began raining over Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and didn't stop until twelve inches of rain had fallen in ten hours. In addition to the rain falling from the skies, water also rushed down the mountain slopes above the city and dams gave way, wreaking devastation. By the following morning, eighty-six people were dead, hundreds were injured, four dams had broken apart or eroded, and residents of the community began cleaning up following the third major flood to strike the city since its founding in the early nineteenth century. Once a vital hub of the US steel industry, the 1977 flood altered Johnstown's economic future. The city that once served as home to more than 16,000 steel workers was forced to reinvent its economy, something that remains a work in progress more than forty years since the deluge of 1977.
Will She Hang? Women Sentenced to Death in Pennsylvania and Virginia, 1800–1900
Authors: Coulson Hilary L.
Published: June 2019

This article utilizes comparative data from Virginia and Pennsylvania to examine newspaper representations of white and black women sentenced to death in the nineteenth century. Media coverage changed over the course of the century and execution records reveal the growing demand for labor in the post-emancipation South halted the number of former slave women hanged. The number of white women executed in Pennsylvania increased as white women entered the public sphere. Press coverage, execution records, and penitentiary registers expose fluctuating media coverage of women convicted and sentenced to death in the two states over the course of a century.
برامج الأرشيفات الوطنية للتدريب على إدارة الوثائق الإلكترونية: الأرشيف الوطني الأمريكي أنموذجا
Authors: صلاح الصاوي السيد , Elsawy Elsayed Salah
Published: June 2019

المستخلص

شرعت دول عديدة في تبنى سياسات وتطبيقات للحكومة الإلكترونية سعياً منها لتيسير وتطوير الخدمات المقدمة للجمهور. وفي إطار ذلك، تلتزم مؤسسات الدولة ومنظماتها بوضع «برنامج تدريب مستمر» لموظفيها لتزويدهم بالمعارف والمهارات الكافية لمتطلبات وممارسات إدارة الوثائق الإلكترونية. وفي الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، يوفر برنامج الأرشيف الوطني للتدريب على إدارة الوثائق الفيدرالية تعليمات شاملة وفعالة لإدارة الوثائق من قبل موظفي الدولة باستخدام مجموعة متنوعة من الأدوات والتقنيات لتيسير إتاحة الوثائق الفيدرالية، وحماية الحقوق القانونية. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى توثيق تجربة الأرشيف الوطني الأمريكي «نارا» NARA في مجال التدريب على إدارة الوثائق الإلكترونية (أهداف البرنامج، وموضوعاته، وأماكن التدريب، والأدوات والتقنيات المستخدمة،....). كما تعرض الدراسة لأنواع ومحتوى البرامج التدريبية الخاصة بإدارة الوثائق في أرشيفات وطنية أخرى، أجنبية وعربية (المملكة المتحدة، استراليا، اليابان، الهند، مصر، العراق، سلطنة عمان، تونس) بهدف إثراء النتائج المستخلصة من الدراسة والتي يمكن أن تفيد الأرشيفات الوطنية العربية في تخطيط وتطوير برامج تدريب مستمر لأخصائي الوثائق الإدارية والإلكترونية.
العلاقة بين جودة الخدمات المكتبية ومؤشرات تأثير المكتبات وفق مواصفتي الآيزو: 16439 و9001:2015
Authors: حمارشة أماني
Published: June 2019

ملخص: تستهدف هذه الدراسة قياس إلى أي مدى يؤدي تطبيق مواصفة الآيزو 9001:2015، على الخدمات الإدارية للتحسين من مستوى جودتها، على مؤشرات تأثير المكتبات الجامعية، والتي تُقاس عن طريق مواصفة الآيزو رقم 16439، لتأثير المكتبات. وسيجري من خلال هذه المواصفة التركيز على أساليب قياس هذه التأثيرات، بهدف التخطيط الاستراتيجي وإدارة الجودة الداخلية للمكتبات. وتساهم هذه المواصفة في تسهيل المقارنة بين المكتبات من النوع نفسه (عامة، أكاديمية، مدرسية، إلخ) من حيث التأثير الذي تحدثه في مجتمع المعرفة. حيث تهدف هذه المقارنات إلى تعزيز دور المكتبات وقيمتها في مجال التعليم والبحث العلمي، إضافةً إلى الجانب الثقافي والحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية.

تتبنى الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، لجمع البيانات وتحليلها، لدراسة مؤشرات تأثير المكتبات الجامعية الأردنية في الجامعات الحكومية، ومدى تطبيق معايير آيزو 9001، وقياس التأثير الذي أحدثه الاستخدام للمكتبة، وذلك حسب مؤشرات المواصفة آيزو 16439: مؤشرات تأثير المكتبات.
When Law & Economics violates the rule of law: Three illustrations
Authors: Portuese Aurelien
Published: June 2019

Law & Economics scholarship movement continues to be an important methodological approach to the positive and normative analysis of law since its inception in the second half of the 20th century. However, Law & Economics has been criticized on various grounds, from its over-reliance on consequentialist arguments against deontological arguments to its indifference towards the fundamental concepts of law such as the Rule of Law. This latter argument is scrutinized and further illustrated in this article. Here, we demonstrate that despite the common theoretical underpinnings between Law & Economics and the Rule of Law (I), it is argued that Law & Economics conflicts with the Rule of Law principles on three major instances, namely the Coase theorem, the theory of efficient breach of contracts and the influential rule of reason in the field of competition law and policies (II). We therefore conclude that there cannot be a practical convergence between Law & Economics and the Rule of Law at the universal level unless Law & Economics revisits some of its normative conclusions that conflict with the Rule of Law as exemplified in this article.
Studentification and commodification of student lifestyle in Braamfontein, Johannesburg
Authors: Gregory James J. , Rogerson Jayne M. ROGERSON
Published: June 2019

The process of studentification has emerged as a new form of neighbourhood change in the global North over the past 16 years and often situated within broader debates on gentrification. The growth of private student housing across cities globally has been linked to the increased neoliberalisation and massification of higher education and the lack of universities to keep up with the supply of student housing. Limited scholarship, however, exists on studentification in the global South. Notwithstanding that, in South Africa there has been growing recognition of the impact of studentification on urban environments. Despite some recognition in smaller cities, studentification has been neglected in large urban contexts. Using interviews with key informants and focus groups with students, this paper explores the impact of studentification in the urban neighbourhood of Braamfontein in Johannesburg. Over the past decade and a half there has been evidence of the concentration of student geographies and the commodification of student lifestyle in Braamfontein, Johannesburg.
Best practice for deltoid intramuscular injections in older adults: Study in cadavers
Authors: Davidson Kathleen M. , Bertram John E.A.
Published: June 2019

Most injectable vaccines are administered via deltoid intramuscular injection (IMI). Nursing students are taught to perform deltoid IMI in their entry-to-practice education program. However, best practice evidence is lacking regarding specific techniques of deltoid IMI, and students are often taught what their instructor was taught in his/her own entry-to-practice (ETP) program. Nursing textbooks provide instructions and diagrams for how to perform deltoid IMI, but rarely cite underpinning empirical evidence. This study tested the injection techniques of bunching (squeezing) or flattening (stretching) the deltoid muscle before administering IMI using medical school donated cadavers. Flattening technique resulted in over-penetration of deltoid injections more than 85% of the time in these older adults, whereas nearly 80% of deltoid IMI are successful using bunching technique. Body mass index (BMI) and needle length are also crucial considerations when administering deltoid IMI. Nurses, and other health professionals who use deltoid IMI to administer vaccines to older adults, should determine the client’s body mass index to select the appropriate needle length. Based on these results, bunching technique is recommended. Flattening technique is not recommended for older adults with a BMI < 30.