bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow Water Nonlinear Waves: Their Wave Equations, Quasiperiodic Fourier Series Solutions and Statistical Distributions
Authors: Osborne Alfred R. , de Pinho Uggo F. , Kvingedal Børge , Lian Gunnar
Published: October 2022

The goal of this paper is to bring new mathematical and physical methods to the problem of shallow water wave motions, for which there are many important engineering applications. There are four issues we address in this paper:

(1) Nonlinear integrable wave equations have (quasiperiodic) Fourier series solutions. This means that, even though the wave dynamics are nonlinear, they can nevertheless be described as a linear superposition of sine waves, a surprising result. Nonlinearity arises from particular phase locking of the Fourier modes.

(2) We discuss how these Fourier series solutions can always be computed to high accuracy for a particular nonlinear wave equation. While quasiperiodic Fourier series are more complicated than ordinary periodic Fourier series (a standard tool of ocean engineering as the Fast Fourier transform, or FFT), the advantage of dealing with a linear superposition law for nonlinear equations is quite useful.

(3) We apply these Fourier series to the modelling of water waves. Amazingly, we use the linearity property of the quasiperiodic Fourier series, and we find a new wave model for solving nonlinear wave motion. Our model, which we call quasilinear, has properties similar to the well-known linear model already applied to ocean engineering problems for over 90 years [Paley and Weiner, 1935] [Longuet-Higgins, 1957]. An additional particular transformation (due to Baker [1907], Its & Matveev [1976], Mumford [1982]) to the quasilinear model allows us to simply simulate typical oceanic nonlinear wave motions and to analyze data.

(4) We discuss determination of the important probability distributions of water waves for amplitudes, heights and crests from knowledge of the quasiperiodic Fourier series solutions.

The results given herein are based upon a simply stated

Theorem: Given an integrable wave equation and/or its Hamiltonian perturbations we can write the full spectral solutions of the equations as quasiperiodic Fourier series and we can also analytically determine the probability distributions of various properties of the wave field (including, amplitudes, crest heights and wave heights).

We are interested in shallow water wave motion in the present paper and our nonlinear wave equation of choice is the Korteweg-deVries equation (KdV). Our simple discussion has therefore introduced quasiperiodic Fourier methods and probability distributions to the solutions of the KdV equation. Furthermore, the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is a two-dimensional shallow water wave equation (a generalization of the KdV equation, also with Hamiltonian perturbations) and it too can be treated in a similar manner. In this context this paper is dedicated to a discussion of important physical and engineering tools for the shallow water domain.
Moment Loads on a Two-Dimensional Turret-Moored Vessel Under Forced Motion
Authors: Tong Feifei , Wolgamot Hugh , Draper Scott
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the moment loading and heading response of a turret-moored vessel subjected to surface currents using two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics. To investigate the hydrodynamic loads on the vessel, the moment load was first calculated when the vessel was held fixed at different headings such that the angle between the long axis of the vessel and the current ranged from 0° to 360°. At any fixed angle of attack, the moment load showed nonlinear time-dependent behaviour, where the amplitude of the load is larger at angles when the ship is aligned normal to the current (approx. 90° to 120°). The instantaneous moment is dependent on the vortex flows around the structure. Following this, the vessel was modelled with one rotational degree-of-freedom and forced to rotate at a fixed angular speed. Several angular speeds were simulated, indicating that the moment loads correlate with the ratio of the steady current velocity to the linear velocity of the vessel at its far end. These comparisons illustrate the complex dynamics of forces with and without vessel rotation. Ongoing work will compare these results to predictions based on a simplified dynamic model for the vessel heading and extends the results to a three-dimensional vessel, where the dynamics remain complicated, but the role of vortex shedding is less significant.
Numerical Simulation of Hybrid Synthetic Mooring Lines Based on a Finite Difference Dynamic Model
Authors: Li Xinyi , Yu Liwei , Wang Shuqing
Published: October 2022

For the deep-water mooring, the hybrid synthetic mooring lines (with chain-rope-chain configuration) are often used for their advantages in weight and cost against full steel chains. In this research, a finite difference dynamic model is developed for numerical simulations of hybrid synthetic mooring lines. The simulation model is validated by the single steel chain model experiments and “chain-rope-chain” mooring line simulations. Then, the validated model is used for the dynamic analysis of two mooring systems with 4 and 16 hybrid synthetic mooring lines. From the dynamic stiffness iteration of two mooring systems, it is found that the top tensions of the mooring lines arranged symmetrically about the y-axis has a phase difference of half a cycle, and their dynamic stiffnesses are very close. For the mooring system with “4 × 4” hybrid synthetic mooring lines, it is found that the smaller the angle between the mooring line and x-axis is, the larger change in top tension, and the smaller axial stiffness becomes, and the axial stiffness tends to a certain value as the number of iterations increase.
Cross Section Analysis of Flexible Risers Including Composite Layers
Authors: Skeie Geir , Sødahl Nils , McGeorge Dag
Published: October 2022

Oil and gas exploration and exploitation in deep and ultra-deep waters challenges classical riser technology and configuration. New technologies, including carbon fiber as composite armors, influence weight and strength of the riser. This can allow for more simple configurations compared with conventional ones, simplifies installation procedures and eventually lead to reduced costs. The new fiber reinforced cross section sheaths requires new analytical models in the local stress analysis tools. The current paper explores efficient and accurate implementations of orthotropic laminate sheaths into classical cross section simulation tools. The model is based on a classic partition of the analysis scheme into a combined load and response model consisting of an axisymmetric and pure bending part. The suggested model is based on full 3D elasticity solution that allows for thick cylindrical laminates taking into account all stress and strain components. The model is compared with 3D Abaqus results for a number of different lay-ups and the results show excellent agreement with the more advanced 3D simulations in both axisymmetric and bending response modes. The laminate, a thermoplastic composite layer with carbon fibers, is used as a component in an unbonded flexible pipe. The cross-sectional analysis is thus performed in the classical way.
Vessel-Less Underwater Inspection at Fixed Offshore Structure by Utilizing Mini Remotely Operated Vehicle (Mini-ROV)
Authors: Chong Dave Chen Lung , Suhaili Ave Suhendra , Ng Sok Mooi , Wan Shafie Wan Hariz Fadli , Isnadi Biramarta , Khan Riaz , Lau Kheng Hoong , Hassan Nurzarina , Ismail M. Faqrudin B.
Published: October 2022

Mini Remotely Operated Vehicle (mini-ROV) technology has been utilized to perform underwater inspection with optimized Risk-based Underwater Inspection (RBUI) scope for offshore platforms which conventionally utilize divers and ROV supported by Dynamic Positioning II Diving Support Vessel (DPII DSV). This offshore technology was introduced by launching mini-ROV from platform deck to perform General Visual Inspection (GVI), Cathodic Potential (CP) Survey, Flooded Member Detection (FMD) & Ultrasonic Thickness (UT) measurement with customized mini-ROV integration with other tooling. The small size ROV is light and easy to handle by technician onboard platform deck. It is also capable to enter congested areas as it is easily maneuvered, which help to capture close visual of the findings. During emergency, the mini-ROV can be mobilized instantly at site to support any GVI related scope. PETRONAS has successfully deployed this technology at four platforms in one of the operating regions from 2017 to 2021 with cost saving of 30%–50% compared to conventional method. The successful implementation in PETRONAS can become benchmark and reference for other Oil & Gas operators as an alternative to conduct optimized RBUI scope which can contribute to lower Operating Expenditure (OPEX).
Mooring Fatigue Damage Prediction Based on Importance Sampling
Authors: Okkenhaug Siril , Merino Hoyos Daniel , Magnussen Eivind Tørset , Macke Michael
Published: October 2022

DNV is currently running a Joint Industry Project, “NorMoor JIP”, which is now approaching the end of phase 3. In this phase the fatigue limit state (FLS) of mooring line studless chains for permanent units has got the main attention. Phases 1 and 2 covered the ultimate (ULS) and accidental limit states (ALS), respectively. It is a global study covering Gulf of Mexico, Northern Europe and Brazil waters.

The focus in the present paper is on more accurate mooring line fatigue damage prediction using the entire environmental database in an efficient way. The environmental model applied in mooring fatigue analyses is developed from an environmental database relying on measurements and/or hindcast models. Traditionally, mooring fatigue analyses have been based on scatter diagrams, extracted from this database. More recently, an alternative method is to apply an entire calendar year in the calculations, and the selected year is the one which is assumed to produce the average yearly damage corresponding to the complete environmental database. Both options imply a set of assumptions which are challenged in this paper.

As part of NorMoor JIP, DNV has also developed a new fatigue analysis methodology based on importance sampling of the environmental database. This methodology is both accurate when benchmarked against the analysis of the complete database and effective in terms of computational effort. In addition, an estimation of the statistical error of the calculation is obtained.

A series of 3 papers is published at the OMAE2022 documenting the work done in the NorMoor JIP Phase 3 on the fatigue limit state of mooring lines. Additional to the importance sampling method in the present paper, the OMAE2022-81465, provides statistical analysis results of a comprehensive database of fatigue test data. Furthermore, in OMAE2022-81463 the structural reliability analysis and code calibration is presented and recommendations for a revised fatigue design analysis procedure for FLS of mooring lines is given.
Solutions to Wave Damping Over Time in CFD RANS Simulations Due to Exponential Generation of Numerical Turbulence
Authors: Casalone Pietro , dell’Edera Oronzo , Fontana Marco , Mattiazzo Giuliana , Battisti Beatrice
Published: October 2022

In ocean engineering, high-fidelity analyses like computational fluid dynamics Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations are fundamental for the evaluation of realistic hydrodynamic loads during extreme events, which are usually overestimated by boundary element method based solvers, thus leading to the definition of an oversized wave energy converter structure. To describe multiphase flows, the most used model in RANS CFD simulations is Volume of Fluid model, which consists in creating an interface between the different fluids and assigning to each cell of the domain a percentage of each phase. Unfortunately, the model has a well-known problem in the ocean engineering community which increases with simulation time and affects the wave propagation. For the correct spatial propagation of the wave motion, it is necessary to use a very low Courant-Friedrich-Lewy factor, hence causing a noticeable increase in the computational time and speeding up the generation of artificial turbulence in the domain. The problem is intrinsic in the Volume of Fluid model and cannot be solved by refining the mesh or increasing the order of accuracy of the solvers. The numerical turbulence spreads in the whole domain and dampens the waves overtime after several wave periods (10–50).

With this work, we analyse the effect of a threshold on the turbulent viscosity to reduce the production of numerical turbulent kinetic energy; theaim is to produce a general methodology to simulate long time frames in a RANS simulation with the Volume of Fluid model.

The investigation is first performed in a semi-2D tank by monitoring the wave probes over time. It is then repeated in a 3D domainwith and without the limiter in the case of a floating body, to verify that the kinematics of the floater is not altered by the limiter.
Man-Portable Hybrid Unmanned Underwater Vehicle With High-Bandwidth Wireless Communication
Authors: Immas Alexandre , Fong Chong Hang , Sung Rebecca , Liao James , Alam Mohammad-Reza
Published: October 2022

Commercial underwater robotic vehicles can be categorized into Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROVs) connected to a support vessel with a tether or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) pre-programmed to fulfill a mission. We present in this work a man-portable Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) which is semi-autonomous, thus contributing to fill the gap between the two extreme levels of autonomy at which ROVs and AUVs operate. We define semi-autonomous operations as autonomous operations supervised in real-time by a human operator who can interact with the UUV at any time to conduct a specific task or to change the UUV’s mission. This type of operations is enabled by hybrid capabilities, defined as a UUV’s ability to be remotely operated or autonomous, and by high-bandwidth wireless communication to allow a human operator to supervise and interact with the UUV. Path following capabilities are provided to the UUV by implementing an Adaptive Feedback Linearization Controller in its autopilot firmware. The resulting hybrid capabilities and the performance of the control scheme are presented using a Software In The Loop simulator. High-bandwidth wireless communication is achieved by equipping the UUV with a LED modem and a Pan-Tilt system to maintain Line of Sight communication with another stationary LED modem connected to a topside station. Experimental tests in a wave tank showed that a 3.5Mbps full duplex wireless optical link could be set up over 7m and maintained despite the motion of the UUV.
Applying Open Web Architectures Towards Collaborative Maritime Design and Simulation
Authors: de Oliveira Felipe F. , Fonseca Ícaro A. , Gaspar Henrique M.
Published: October 2022

This work investigates the use of open architectures to support the development of flexible and scalable maritime design web applications, giving stakeholders shared access to data. It turns to the popular full-stack MERN architecture (MongoDB, Node.js, Express, and React), which is is modular and mostly open source. A prototype web application providing features for ship design and operation was developed. The app stores a ship model which can be linked to different analyses and simulations. During design, users might opt to visualize the model of the ship with a spatial view; during operation, they can resort to a detailed visualization displaying the vessel as built. Three examples are provided to illustrate the potential of these features. First, a dashboard displaying results for hydrostatics, stability, resistance, and motion response. The second use case hypothesizes a vessel is set to undergo a jumboization procedure and compares the analyses results for the vessel after elongation with the current ones. The third exemplifies how a preliminary maneuvering model can be confronted with results from a sea trial by linking the app to operational data, a step towards digital-twin concepts. The discussion addresses the potential of the approach and challenges that need to be considered before extending it to an application that can be used outside the academia.
New Approach to Predict the Filtrate Invasion of Nanoparticle-Based Drilling Mud Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Gasser Moamen , Naguib Ahmed , Mahmoud Omar
Published: October 2022

During drilling of hydrocarbon reservoirs, loss of mud filtrate into the formations occurs due to the difference between mud hydrostatic and formation pressures. Filtrate invasion is a vital parameter that should be optimized to reduce formation damage. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) — among different additives — have been thoroughly examined to minimize mud invasion and showed promising performance. Modeling the impact of NPs on the filtrate loss can fasten the process of selecting their optimum type, size, concentration, etc. to meet the drilling conditions.

In this work, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to develop a model that can predict the filtrate invasion of nano-based mud under wide range of temperature and pressure up to 350 °F and 500 Psi, respectively. Seven types of nanoparticles with size and concentration ranges from 15 to 50 nm and 0 to 2.5 wt%, respectively, have been included in the model. Almost 2,863 data points were used to develop the ANN-model. Experimental work was conducted to collect 806 data points, whereas the rest were collected form the literature. The data set was divided into 70% for training and 30% for validating the model. A total of 6,750 different combinations for the model’s hyperparameters were evaluated to select the optimal combination. N-encoded method was used to convert the categorical data into numerical one. The model was evaluated through calculating the statistical parameters.

The developed ANN-model showed high accuracy for predicting the filtrate loss at different pressures and temperatures. The obtained results showed that the average absolute relative error (AARE) is less than 0.5%, and coefficient of determination (R2) is more than 0.99 for the overall data. The developed ANN-model covers wide range of pressures and temperatures. Moreover, it covers various NPs’ types, concentrations, and sizes, which confirms its useability and coverability.
Effects of inflammation on the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis of epidermoid cysts
Authors: Wei Xiuliang , Lv Mingtao , Pang Kunkun , Wu Mei , Zhang Yuqing , Xiao Juan , Zhang Feixue
Published: October 2022

Aims: Ultrasound (US) findings of epidermoid cyst (EC) are complex and diverse. Cases of misdiagnoses are high when EC is accompanied by inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze the features of US diagnosis of EC with inflammation and explore the characteristic images which can improve the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis.Material and methods: A total of 241 cases were included and retrospectively analyzed. Complete clinical data of all cases were available. Lesions were examined by US before operation and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Based on pathological results ECs with/without acute and chronic inflammation and/or granuloma, all cases were divided into two groups: inflammation and non-inflammation group. The difference of clinical data and US features between groups was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results: Analysis of skin color, length/thickness, shape, boundary, CDFI and US diagnosis accuracy showed statistical differences between the two groups (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression model showed that indistinct boundaries and color Doppler signal were more frequent than those in ECs without inflammation (OR=4.72, 5.89, p<0.05).Conclusion: Indistinct boundaries and color Doppler signal are important features for US diagnosis of EC with inflammation, which can help in improving the accuracy of diagnosis
SOUTHERN // CROSS
Authors: Wardell Susan
Published: October 2022

This poem was written for the University of Otago 2020 ‘Writer’ competition, and was awarded first place (Staff Poetry category) by judge Dr. Sue Wootten.
The poem responds to the competition prompt ‘Only Connect…’, which is the epigraph from E. M. Forster’s novel, Howards End (1910). Given this prompt, and given the timing of the competition (shortly after New Zealand’s major national COVID-19 lockdown), I aimed to use poetic language and metaphor to evoke some of the themes of my academic research around embodiment, affect, and intimacy in digital spaces.The title of the poem refers to the Southern Cross Cable Network; commissioned in 2000 to become one of the major trans-Pacific communications networks, connecting Aotearoa New Zealand to the world, via a total of 28,900km of submarine and 1,600km of terrestrial fiber optic cables. The final line of the poem refers to the first words ever spoken on a telephone, in 1876, by Alexander Graham Bell speaking to his assistant Thomas Watson at a distance of 13 km.
DIALOGICAL SENSE-MAKING IN THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE: Citizenship, Care, and Disability
Authors: Wardell Susan , Fitzgerald Ruth Patricia
Published: October 2022

This article explores the contested public discourses of citizenship and care surrounding national media coverage of the news story of ‘Baby Leo’, a New Zealand baby born overseas in 2015. Baby Leo’s diagnosis of Down Syndrome soon after his birth, precipitated the mother’s alleged abandonment of the child, the expat New Zealand father then fundraising for the child’s (and his) rapid return to New Zealand via a virally successfully crowdfunding campaign. The situation attracted significant media attention for several months, with thousands of New Zealanders providing comments, via Facebook, on stories produced and shared by news media outlets. We use a Bakhtinian dialogical analysis of a selection of these Facebook comments to consider the emergent discourses of citizenship – especially in relation to disability – that were mobilised and contested by contributors. Our findings show that although the Facebook comments demonstrate the contingent and fluid meanings of ‘home’ and ‘welcome’, the positive comments on the worthiness of his case and its deservingness of public support that Baby Leo attracted, distinguish this case from other studies of citizenship attribution for people with Down syndrome around the world. Despite this, the treatment of prospective citizens with various forms of disability issues (including Down Syndrome) seeking citizenship in New Zealand remains exclusionary and the New Zealand national identity invoked in these online discussions extended a longstanding utopian humanitarian vision, without critical awareness of this.
‘WE'RE ALL WATCHING EACH OTHER’: Dunedin Supermarket Workers and the 2020 Pandemic Lockdown
Authors: Buhler Miriam , Wardell Susan , Fitzgerald Ruth P.
Published: October 2022

Restrictions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand changed the space and sociality of supermarkets significantly. Personal management strategies such as handwashing, social distancing, and the use of facemasks transformed the lived experience of supermarket workers, making them a part of the emergency infrastructure of Aotearoa New Zealand’s public health response. This small qualitative study uses interviews and observation to explore the changing experience of work and self for five Dunedin supermarket workers as they performed their jobs, engaged in public health measures, and experienced the vulnerability of being understood as infection vectors within their homes and objects of heightened risk within their workspace. We use this data to discuss the social meanings of personal management strategies as efface work, the experience of solidarity within a community of fate, and as an alternative window on the ‘conquest’ of COVID-19, including the development of ‘techne’ of professional caregiving under duress and without public health training.
ORANGE JUICE HORROR: An Unfinished Conversation on COVID-19 in Vietnam
Authors: Terrell Jane
Published: October 2022

A COVID-19 story reflecting on personal and global blind spots revealed by a deeply discomfiting personal conversation, this essay explores a collision with colonialism. On a personal level it suggests an autoethnographic practice that may enable the author to find a way forward. On a global level it suggests ‘the West’ can risk dropping its colonial assumptions of intellectual superiority and listen to lessons forged in nearly 20 years’ experience of managing coronavirus pandemics and being openly shared by Vietnam and China. Frightening evidence mounts every day that those who ignore such lessons risk world-changing losses of economic and political stability.
SOCIAL SCIENCE IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
Authors: Matthewman Steve
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the role of the social sciences in the time of COVID-19. The pandemic has led to a renewed appreciation of the social and with this comes the prospect for the social sciences to gain greater relevance. We note the reasons why disasters lead to an increase in sociality and the activities that social scientists are well-placed to undertake: speaking truth to power, calling out lies and sectional advantage, separating fact from opinion, assessing the consequences of political action, predicting social futures (saying how the world will be), assessing public opinion (saying how people would like it to be), and advocating for social justice (saying how the world should be). Social science work shows that another world is possible and that another world is desired. More significantly, it also shows how to bring this world into being.
THE EXPERIENCE OF LOSS AND GRIEF IN FORCED DISPLACEMENT & PLANNED RELOCATION IN THE PACIFIC
Authors: Neef Katja Phutaraksa
Published: October 2022

This paper, written in 2021, explores how loss and grief is experienced through forced displacement and planned relocation in the Pacific and the subsequent implications that Pacific peoples have faced after being ‘removed’ from their homelands and ‘moved’ to a foreign land. The loss of ecological culture, cultural heritage, and generational trauma experienced by Pacific communities raises the question of whether planned relocation and displacement threatens their right to life with dignity. Drawing on the case of forced relocation of Banabans during colonial times and cases of recent climate-related relocation of communities in Fiji, this paper emphasizes the need to consider the psychosocial impacts on Pacific communities and cultures as well as the less tangible and immeasurable ramifications of being ‘uprooted’. These case studies can inform current dialogues and planning of contemporary and future relocations of Pacific communities by raising questions of sovereignty, sense of belonging and participation and identifying ways to uphold Pacific Island people’s right to life with dignity, irrespective of whether they decide to move or to stay.
Developing pig-to-human organ transplants
Authors: Sykes Megan
Published: October 2022

Recent advances raise hope for a promising solution to the transplant organ shortage
Polymeric multimaterials by photochemical patterning of crystallinity
Authors: Rylski Adrian K. , Cater Henry L. , Mason Keldy S. , Allen Marshall J. , Arrowood Anthony J. , Freeman Benny D. , Sanoja Gabriel E. , Page Zachariah A.
Published: October 2022

An organized combination of stiff and elastic domains within a single material can synergistically tailor bulk mechanical properties. However, synthetic methods to achieve such sophisticated architectures remain elusive. We report a rapid, facile, and environmentally benign method to pattern strong and stiff semicrystalline phases within soft and elastic matrices using stereo-controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization of an industrial monomer,
cis
-cyclooctene. Dual polymerization catalysis dictates polyolefin backbone chemistry, which enables patterning of compositionally uniform materials with seamless stiff and elastic interfaces. Visible light–induced activation of a metathesis catalyst results in the formation of semicrystalline
trans
polyoctenamer rubber, outcompeting the formation of
cis
polyoctenamer rubber, which occurs at room temperature. This bottom-up approach provides a method for manufacturing polymeric materials with promising applications in soft optoelectronics and robotics.
Beyond nuclear deterrence
Authors: Herzog Stephen
Published: October 2022

In October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union squared off in what game theorist and Nobel laureate Thomas Schelling described as a nuclear game of “chicken” that threatened humanity’s survival. The Cuban Missile Crisis spurred six decades of efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and inspired a generation of scientists to think critically about reducing atomic risks. Russian President Vladimir Putin’s recent nuclear threats during the war in Ukraine are an unambiguous reminder that such dangers have outlived the Cold War. A new wave of scientific research is urgently needed to understand conditions for making global nuclear disarmament desirable and feasible.
Molecular links snap up award
Authors: Clery Daniel , Service Robert F.
Published: October 2022

Trio of researchers pioneered “click chemistry” to design drugs and industrial materials
Remember, do no harm?
Authors: Thorp H. Holden
Published: October 2022

When the advocacy group America’s Frontline Doctors appeared on the steps of the United States Supreme Court in 2020, falsely stating that hydroxychloroquine was a cure for COVID-19, their pronouncement was virally shared by right-wing media and soundly debunked by medical academicians. A year later, one of these frontliners, Joseph Ladapo, became the surgeon general of Florida and a faculty member at the University of Florida College of Medicine. He has continued to spread dangerous misinformation about COVID-19 while his academic colleagues are shamefully silent.
Draft Genome Sequence of Endophytic Sphingomonas faeni Strain ALB2, Isolated from the Leaf of a Cold-Desert Medicinal Plant
Authors: Bhardwaj Priyanka , Jain Rahul , Kumar Sanjay
Published: October 2022

A leaf endophyte,
Sphingomonas faeni
strain ALB2, was isolated from a high-altitude medicinal plant,
Arnebia euchorma
. The draft genome sequence of the bacterium comprised 4,720,245 bp and contained 4,233 protein-coding genes, with a GC content of 65.66%. The bacterium harbored numerous biotechnology-relevant genes in its genome.
A
Eucalyptus
Pht1 Family Gene EgPT8 Is Essential for Arbuscule Elongation of
Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Che Xianrong , Wang Sijia , Ren Ying , Xie Xianan , Hu Wentao , Chen Hui , Tang Ming
Published: October 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) formation in host root cortical cells is initiated by exchanges of diffusible molecules, among which P
i
uptake is known as the important feature of AM fungi on symbiosis functioning. Over the last two decades, it has been repeatedly proven that most vascular plants harbor two or more AM-specific Pht1 proteins; however, there is no direct evidence regarding the potential link among these P
i
transporters at the symbiotic interface.
Supplemental Material: Influence of lake-basin morphology on climate-sediment transfer functions: Early Eocene Wilkins Peak Member, Green River Formation, Wyoming
Authors: Walters Andrew P. , al. et
Published: October 2022

Supplemental Material 1: Measurement of Ca counts in the JR-1 standard, demonstrating the stability of the Avaatech XRF instrument over the 14-month period of study. Supplemental Material 2: Cross plots of 5-mm resolution duplicate measurements of 10 kV and 30 kV elements from scanning of the Solvay S-34-1 core. X- and y-axis units are XRF counts. Supplemental Material 3: Coefficient of variation and the standard deviation of the coefficient of variation results for elements (in counts) at a 5-mm scanning resolution for the Solvay S-34-1 core project. Supplemental Material 4: XRF data (in counts) by depth in the Solvay S-34-1 core for elements Si, S, K, Ca, Fe, and Br.
Supplemental Material: Frontal expansion of an accretionary wedge under highly oblique plate convergence: Southern Indo-Burman Ranges, Myanmar
Authors: Zhang Peng , al. et
Published: October 2022

Descriptions of field work and analytical methods; additional figures showing cross sections, 2D seismic sections, and multidimensional scaling map; and tables containing full results of new detrital zircon U-Pb analyses, apatite fission track results, and compiled published detrital zircon U-Pb ages.
Supplemental Material: Long-lived (>100 m.y.) postcollisional exhumation and cooling in the Paleoproterozoic Trans–North China orogen: Evidence from phase equilibria modeling and monazite petrochronology of granulite-facies metapelites in the Fuping Complex
Authors: Tang Li , al. et
Published: October 2022

Figure S1: TIMA scanning maps of pelitic granulite sample 20FP-27 (A) and garnet-biotite gneiss sample 20FP-16 (B). Figure S2: P-MH2O diagram for pelitic granulite samples 20FP-26 (A) and 20FP-27 (B), and garnet-biotite gneiss samples 20FP-16 (C) and 20FP-28 (D) constructed at 850 °C. Figure S3: Representative BSE image and X-ray map of monazite in samples 20FP-26 (A–B), 20FP-27 (C–D), 20FP-16 (E–F), and 20FP-28 (G–H). Table S1: Whole-rock geochemical data of pelitic granulite and garnet-biotite gneiss samples from the Fuping Complex. Table S2: Electron microprobe data for garnet, orthopyroxene, biotite, and plagioclase in pelitic granulite and garnet-biotite gneiss samples from the Fuping Complex. Table S3: Monazite U-Th-Pb ages and trace elements of pelitic granulite and garnet-biotite gneiss samples from the Fuping Complex.
When to retire after concussion?
Authors: McCrory Paul
Published: October 2022

This article has been retracted. See the retraction notice for details. The PDF is retained for transparency.
Food insecurity among postsecondary international students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Amoyaw Jonathan , Pandey Mamata , Maina Geoffrey , Li Yiyan , Nkrumah Daniel Owusu
Published: October 2022

Introduction

International students make significant contributions to their host institutions and countries. Yet research shows that not all international students have the financial means to fend for themselves and meet their financial obligations for the entire study programme. Such students are at significant risk of food insecurity. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise available information on the factors related to food insecurity among international students studying at postsecondary educational institutions and identify the types of food insecurity interventions that have been implemented to address this issue.

Methods and analysis

The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology will be used to guide this scoping review, and we will search the following databases: MEDLINE (through Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed, ERIC (via Ovid), PROSPERO and ProQuest. The titles, abstracts, and subsequently full texts of the selected papers will then be screened against the inclusion criteria. Data from articles included in the review will be extracted using a data charting form and will be summarised in a tabular form. Thematic analysis will be used to identify common themes that thread through the selected studies and will be guided by the steps developed by Terryet al.

Ethics and dissemination

Since this project entails a review of available literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be presented at academic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. To make the findings more accessible, they will also be distributed via digital communication platforms.
Interprofessional survey on medication reconciliation activities in the US Department of Veterans’ Affairs: development and validation of an Implementation Readiness Questionnaire
Authors: Lesselroth Blake , Church Victoria Lee , Adams Kathleen , Mixon Amanda , Richmond-Aylor Amy , Glasscock Naomi , Wiedrick Jack
Published: October 2022

Background

Medication reconciliation (MR) can detect medication history discrepancies at interfaces-in-care and help avoid downstream adverse drug events. However, organisations have struggled to implement high-quality MR programmes. The literature has identified systems barriers, including technology capabilities and data interoperability. However, organisational culture as a root cause has been underexplored.

Objectives

Our objectives were to develop an implementation readiness questionnaire and measure staff attitudes towards MR across a healthcare enterprise.

Methods

We developed and distributed a questionnaire to 170 Veterans’ Health Affairs (VHA) sites using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software. The questionnaire contained 21 Likert-scale items that measured three constructs, such as: (1) the extent that clinicians valued MR; (2) perceptions of workflow compatibility and (3) perceptions concerning organisational climate of implementation.

Results

8704 clinicians and staff responded to our questionnaire (142 of 170 VHA facilities). Most staff believed reconciling medications can improve medication safety (approximately 90% agreed it was ‘important’). However, most (approximately 90%) also expressed concerns about changes to their workflow. One-third of respondents prioritised other duties over MR and reported barriers associated with implementation climate. Only 47% of respondents agreed they had enough resources to address discrepancies when identified.

Interpretation

Our findings indicate that an MR readiness assessment can forecast challenges and inform development of a context-sensitive implementation bundle. Clinicians surveyed struggled with resources, technology challenges and implementation climate. A strong campaign should include clear leadership messaging, credible champions and resources to overcome technical challenges.

Conclusions

This manuscript provides a method to conduct a readiness assessment and highlights the importance of organisational culture in an MR campaign. The data can help assess site or network readiness for an MR change management programme.
Indigenous peoples and marine protected area governance: A Mi’kmaq and Atlantic Canada case study
Authors: Warrior Magena , Fanning Lucia , Metaxas Anna
Published: October 2022

This research examines the potential challenges and opportunities for Mi’kmaq, the Indigenous peoples who have inhabited modern-day Nova Scotia and other areas of Eastern Canada for millennia, to play a greater role in marine protected area (MPA) governance in Canada. Given Canada’s marine conservation objectives of 30% by 2030, there is a growing need for decisions affecting the establishment of MPAs to respect Indigenous rights, values, and knowledge. Using the Eastern Shore Islands (ESI) in Nova Scotia, Canada, an area of interest for MPA establishment, as a case study, we conducted 17 semi-structured interviews with both Mi’kmaq and non-Mi’kmaq participants involved in the ESI consultation processes. We used content analysis to identify key themes that respondents perceived to be affecting Mi’kmaq involvement in the federal MPA governance processes. Barriers to overcome included those deemed to be systemic within the current decision-making processes; limited understanding of Mi’kmaq culture, governance, and rights; limited clarity of Mi’kmaq rights, particularly those resulting in fisheries conflicts; and limited capacity. Opportunities highlighted the importance of meaningful consultation and understanding of Indigenous worldviews as well as the need for alternative approaches to state-led/top-down governance to improve Mi’kmaq participation in MPA governance in Atlantic Canada.
The Influence of Asymmetry on the Dynamics Associated with a Caldera Potential Energy Surface
Authors: Katsanikas Matthaios , Hillebrand Malcolm , Skokos Charalampos , Wiggins Stephen
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we analyze the influence of asymmetry on a Caldera potential energy surface. We first study the effect of asymmetry on the structure of the periodic orbit dividing surfaces associated with the unstable periodic orbits of the higher energy index-1 saddles. Then we detect a new type of dynamical matching due to the influence of the asymmetry in the Caldera potential energy surface. Finally, we present the phase space mechanism for this new type of dynamical matching using Lagrangian Descriptors.
Critical Velocity for the Onset of Fast Fermi Acceleration
Authors: Lubchenko D. O. , Savin A. V.
Published: October 2022

One of the well-known effects in nonlinear science is Fermi acceleration that is the unlimited growth of the velocity of a particle when it collides with oscillating walls. It is rather common for time-dependent billiard-like systems in which a particle moves inside a closed oscillating boundary and elastically collides with it. But if the oscillations are weak, more complex effects may arise in the system. Earlier one of these effects was shown for time-dependent stadium-like billiards. In the case of a weak boundary oscillation the particle’s velocity grows if its initial value is greater than a certain critical value and tends to the limit otherwise. We consider the dynamics of a particle moving between two planar and harmonically corrugated walls and colliding elastically with them. We tried to find a similar effect and revealed that the ensemble-averaged velocity grows rapidly if the initial velocity is larger than some critical value. Otherwise, the ensemble-averaged velocity grows much slower and the velocities of all particles tend to become equal. We numerically estimated the band of the oscillation amplitude in which this effect exists and illustrated the dependence of the behavior of the critical initial velocity on various parameters.
Bifurcation and Path-Following Analysis of Periodic Orbits of a Fermi Oscillator Model
Authors: Ma Wei , Mapuranga Tafara , Zhang Jiguang , Ding Hejiang , Chen Jiandong , Zhang Xiao
Published: October 2022

In this research, we offer a bifurcation analysis to describe impacting, stick, and grazing between a particle and the piston to better understand the nonlinear dynamics of a Fermi oscillator. The principles of hybrid dynamical systems will be utilized to explain the moving process in such a Fermi oscillator. The motion complexity and stick mechanism of such an oscillator are demonstrated using periodic and chaotic motions. We introduce the hybrid dynamical system and numerical continuation detection tool COCO. Physical and mathematical models are used to construct the obtained bounded mathematical model. The frequency, amplitude in oscillating base displacement, and the gap between the stationary boundary and the piston’s equilibrium position are the major parameters. We employ path-following analysis to illustrate the bifurcation that leads to solution destabilization. From the viewpoint of eigenvalue analysis, the essence of period-doubling and Fold bifurcation is revealed. Numerical continuation methods are used to perform a complete one-parameter bifurcation analysis of the Fermi oscillator. The presence of codimension-1 bifurcations of limit cycles, like period-doubling, fold, and grazing bifurcations, is shown in this work. Then, the one-parameter continuation analysis is tracked in two-parameter bifurcation diagrams that include a second important factor of interest. Bifurcations cause all solutions to lose stability, according to our findings. The acquired results provide a better understanding of the Fermi oscillator mechanism and demonstrate that we may control the system dynamics by modifying the parameters.
CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SELECTED COUNTRIES
Authors: DAVARI ALI , SEFIDBARI LEILA , KHAZAEI MEHDI , SAKHDARI KAMAL , JAHROMI YEGANEH MOUSAVI
Published: October 2022

While the aggregate positive effects of entrepreneurship are assumed in many studies, there is a lack of empirical support for such assumptions. This study investigates the causal relationship between entrepreneurship, economic growth and unemployment. We also examine how a shock in one variable may influence other variables and the length of the effect. The findings of panel data from 39 countries collected between 2006 and 2016 using the Granger-causality test indicate a unidirectional causal effect of economic growth on entrepreneurship and unemployment. However, despite their correlation, no causal link was found between entrepreneurship and unemployment. The analysis of impulse-response functions also shows that only shocks from the entrepreneurship indicator are permanent in the model. Variance decomposition results reveal that the most important factor causing changes in entrepreneurship is the entrepreneurship indicator itself, implying that only specific entrepreneurial policies can affect the entrepreneurship indicator’s components and improve this indicator.
Pareto-optimal Defenses for the Web Infrastructure: Theory and Practice
Authors: Di Tizio Giorgio , Speicher Patrick , Simeonovski Milivoj , Backes Michael , Stock Ben , Künnemann Robert
Published: October 2022

The integrity of the content a user is exposed to when browsing the web relies on a plethora of non-web technologies and an infrastructure of interdependent hosts, communication technologies, and trust relations. Incidents like the Chinese Great Cannon or the MyEtherWallet attack make it painfully clear: the security of end users hinges on the security of the surrounding infrastructure: routing, DNS, content delivery, and the PKI. There are many competing, but isolated proposals to increase security, from the network up to the application layer. So far, researchers have focused on analyzing attacks and defenses on specific layers. We still lack an evaluation of how, given the status quo of the web, these proposals can be combined, how effective they are, and at what cost the increase of security comes. In this work, we propose a graph-based analysis based on Stackelberg planning that considers a rich attacker model and a multitude of proposals from IPsec to DNSSEC and SRI. Our threat model considers the security of billions of users against attackers ranging from small hacker groups to nation-state actors. Analyzing the infrastructure of the Top 5k Alexa domains, we discover that the security mechanisms currently deployed are ineffective and that some infrastructure providers have a comparable threat potential to nations. We find a considerable increase of security (up to 13% protected web visits) is possible at a relatively modest cost, due to the effectiveness of mitigations at the application and transport layer, which dominate expensive infrastructure enhancements such as DNSSEC and IPsec.
Politika: Implementing a Novel Meta-simulation Methodology for Public Policy Design on the Web
Authors: Sgouros Nikitas Marinos
Published: October 2022

Public policy design proceeds by first defining a policy problem and then proposing and evaluating a set of policy alternatives for it. It is a deeply political process with no clear answers and with an outcome that often reflects the opinion of the majority in framing and solving problems. Consequently, it may lead to sub-optimal policies that are not inclusive. We seek to address such problems by developing a novel computational methodology based on the creation and execution of simulation models for each alternative. Our methodology enriches these models with meta-simulation structures and processes that operationalize the assumptions behind each alternative. This is achieved by embedding such assumptions as simulation constraints at various levels throughout the design. Furthermore, our methodology evaluates alternatives in terms of explicit criteria supplied by the policy makers. Overall, this process provides insight and transparency to policy design as modeling assumptions, policy mechanics, evaluation criteria and their consequences become explicit and can be examined for every alternative. We describe Politika, a prototype of such a methodology on the web and provide appropriate examples that explain how the quality of scrutiny, debate, and critique over policy can be enhanced.