bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Lapping Characteristics for Mirror-Like Finish Using a Lathe with Linear Motor
Authors: Moe Aung Lwin , Fukuda Kanao , Abu Aminuddin , Radzi Raihan
Published: June 2014

Lapping is possible to produce excellent surface finish with higher geometrical form. Additionally, automated lapping process is perfectly suited with todays industry requirements and also economically advantage over other manufacturing processes. This research is devoted to study the characteristics of the lapping process for mirror-like surface finishing by using the linear motor lathe. In the process of mirror-like finish, various factors that effect on rate of material removal, limit surface roughness and geometrical form improvement were examined on low, medium and high hardness materials by series of experiments. The conclusion shows that active grain characteristics, hardness ratio, lapping pressure, lapping speed, residual stress and chatter vibration on the work surfaces all have influenced on the mirror-like surface finishing process.
Lateral Collision with Side Airbag: A Literature Review
Authors: Lee Swee Kei , Abdul Jalil Nawal Aswan
Published: June 2014

The paper presents a literature review of the efficacy of side passive safety in the event of lateral collision and the latest development of side airbag. According to the latest Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013, the total number of death every year due to road accident still maintained in a huge number of 1.24 million. Malaysia is one of the countries having highest estimated road traffic death rate of 25 per 100,000 populations. Moreover, 5% growth annually of fatalities rate forecasted. In general, lateral collision or side impact is the second most common vehicle crash type which takes almost 10,000 occupant deaths each year. Side airbags were introduced into vehicle firstly in 1995 in order to improve occupants injury. It is statically proven that combination of head with thorax side airbag is very effective in reducing occupants fatalities rate, however thorax only airbag is less significant. With the aid from Computer Aided Engineer (CAE) software, designer can further improve airbag design and optimize its performance in order to find the best combination of design parameter such as of area of air vent, Time-To-Fire (TTF), operating pressure of the inflator gas and many more, while design cycle time can be reduced significantly up to 40%. Nevertheless, people are afraid that side airbag deployment load may hurt children and small size female seated in Out-Of-Position (OOP). Researcher could resolve it by adopting the latest Computer Fluid Design (CFD) airbag simulation technique which have a better simulation result of OOP load, since CFD method provide more realistic airbag deployment simulations especially in the first few milliseconds which are significant in OOP test.
Effects of Twist Drill Point Angle on Thrust Force and Delamination Factor in Hybrid Fiber Composites Drilling
Authors: Maoinser Mohd Azuwan , Ahmad Faiz , Shariff Safian , Woo Tze Keong
Published: June 2014

Drill point angle of twist drill has a significant effect on thrust force and delamination factor on drilled holes in fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. In this study, three drill point angle of twist drill; 85°, 118° and 135° were used to drill holes in hybrid fiber reinforced polymeric composite (HFRP). HFRP composites were fabricated using vacuum infusion molding (VIM) technique. The test samples were cured at 90°C for two hours. In drilling process various drill point angle and feed rate were employed to investigate the effect of both parameters on thrust force and delamination factor when drilling the HFRP composite. The results showed that small drill point angle and low feed rate can reduce the thrust force leading to the reduction of damage factor at the holes entrance and exit.
Minimization of Residual Stresses in Submerged Arc Welding Process of Oil and Gas Steel Pipes by Committee Machine
Authors: Golestaneh Seyed Jafar , Ismail N. , Mohd Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar , Tang S.H. , Forouzan Mohammad Reza , Maghsoudi Ali Asghar , Firoozi Zahra
Published: June 2014

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is a well-known method to weld seam in manufacturing of large diameters steel pipes in oil and gas industry. The main subject of SAW design is selection of the optimum combination of input variables for achieving the desired output variables of weld. Input variables include voltage, amperage and speed of welding and output variables include residual stresses due to welding. On the other hand, main target in multi response optimization (MRO) problem is to find input variables values to achieve to desired output variables. Current study is a combination and modification of some works of authors in MRO and SAW subjects. This study utilizes an experiment design according to Taguchi arrays. Also a committee machine (CM) modeling the problem by CM using two approaches. The first CM consists eight experts with traditional approach in computation and second CM includes elite experts. Genetic algorithm was applied to find CM weights and desired responses. Results show that proposed approach in CM has a smaller root mean squire error (RMSE) than traditional approach. The validation of CM model is done by comparison of results with simulation of SAW process and residual stresses in a finite element environment. Finally, the results show few differences between the real case responses and the proposed algorithm responses.
Review of the Machining Difficulties of Nickel-Titanium Based Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Hassan M.R. , Mehrpouya Mershad , Dawood S.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify machining difficulties of nickel-titanium based shape memory alloys. Nickel-titanium (Nitinol) is one the widely used shape memory material which is applied in many products in the aerospace, medical, and biomedical fields. NiTi alloy cannot be machined easily because of high tool wear, high cutting force, huge hardness and surface defects are made many problems into their machining. Investigation in micron precision shows plenty surface defects in machining process, something like debris of microchips, feed marks, tearing surface, deformed grains, material cracking and chip layer formation which consists the main problem in the machining of shape memory alloys. Moreover, these defects can be reduced or eliminated by changing the cutting parameters such as: feed rate, cutting speed and cutting depth so that, machining of nickel-titanium alloys would be improved.
Experimental Design and Study of Shear Technology for Biomass Comminuting
Authors: Dioszegi Monika Bakosné , Horvath Miklos , Dregelyi-Kiss Agota
Published: June 2014

To increase the security of energy supply, it is essential to search for utilization alternatives of renewable energy sources. The fermentation of organic material is more effective if the substrate is subjected to pre-treatment. In order to avoid toxic byproduct in the course of pre-treatment, a mechanical method was preferred. In this paper, the behavior of agricultural raw materials subjected to mechanical disintegration is examined. The pre-treatment of substrate was carried out with a comminuting machine which is normally used in industrial sewage fermenters in Hungary, but in agricultural biogas plants it has not been built in the technological process yet.
Parametric Analysis of μ-Electric Discharge Machining of Non-Conductive Si3N4
Authors: Ojha Nirdesh , Müller Claas , Reinecke Holger
Published: June 2014

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is an electro-thermal non-traditional machining process used to machine conductive materials. EDM process can be used to machine non-conductive ceramics by applying an assisting electrode (AE) on top of the insulating ceramics. The initial discharges occur between the tool electrode and the assisting electrode. During the spark erosion process an intrinsic conductive layer is continuously produced on the insulating ceramic. This transitional conductive layer ensures that the electric contact is sustained. However, result of parametric analysis of the EDM of non-conductive ceramics is not available. This paper presents a parametric study to evaluate the influence of five major EDM process parameters (peak current, open-circuit voltage, servo, pulse width and gap voltage) on two response variables (material removal rate and the tool ware rate) when structuring non-conductive Si3N4 ceramics using the die-sinking μ-EDM process with the help of the AE. A set of experimental trials planned with fractional factorial design with a resolution of V was performed to evaluate the primary, two-factor and quadratic effects.
The Effects of TiAlN and TiN Coating during End Milling of INCONEL 718
Authors: Kamdani Kamaruddin , Hasan Sulaiman , Lajis Mohd Amri
Published: June 2014

Inconel 718 is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation that refers to a family of austenitic nickel-chromium-based super alloys. This material usually being used or operate in high temperature and extreme condition like aerospace industry, turbocharger rotors and seals. This research presents an experimental study of the cutting force variation, surface roughness, tool life and tool wear in end milling Inconel 718. The experimental results showed that flank wear was the predominant failure mode affecting tool life for TiAlN and TiN coated carbide tool. TiAlN is the better coated tool than TiN because it produce better surface finish and resultant force. Feed rate is one of the parameter that effecting results in this experiment. The higher feed rate will shorten the life of the tool. Although for the cutting condition, the situation is quite different where the proper cutting speed will maintain the tool life and tool wear for cutting tool. The overall study shows that TiAlN coated carbide tool with cutting speed 100 m/min, depth of cut 0.5 mm and feed rate 0.1 mm/tooth is the optimum parameter in this experiment.
Hydrodynamic Cavitation Device that Makes Straw Cuts Suitable for Efficient Biogas Production
Authors: Ancza Erzsébet , Dioszegi Monika Bakosné , Horvath Miklos
Published: June 2014

Due to its natural features and agrarian practices of the past centuries, Hungary is rich in biomass. This organic material is worth considering when selecting a method to produce biogas, which so far has not been used significantly in the country. It is known that some pretreatments of biomass can make the digestion of organic compounds easier, and thus accelerating the process of biogas production. This study describes a hydrodynamic device that makes straw cuts suitable for energetic use as lignocellulosic “waste”. Two types of raw material were available for the biogas fermentation after the treatment: the separated concentrate and the filtered liquid. The methane content of the biogas produced from the concentrate, was 58% and was considered to be an average value for the production of biogas from waste. However the methane concentration in the biogas generated from the filtrate was 87% and is considered outstanding for the production of biogas using the process.
An Optimization Approach to Solve a Multi-Objective Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem
Authors: Sadeghi S. , Ariafar Shahram , Ghanbari M. , Ismail N.
Published: June 2014

In this study, a multi-objective optimization method for an unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem was addressed. The model, simultaneously takes into account the minimization of makespan and machine utilization cost. Then, because of the complexity of the problem, a heuristic algorithm will be developed to solve the mathematical model. To show the validity of the model, and also solution approach, a case will be randomly generated, and solved by the heuristic algorithm and also Lingo optimization software. The results show the validity of the model and also solution approach.
Function-Based Conceptual Design Expert (CDE) Systems: Development Trend and Gaps Identification
Authors: Uddin Amad , Khan Mohammed Khurshid , Campean Felician
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an overview of existing function-based conceptual design expert (CDE) systems with a view to identifying their scope in the contexts of functional modeling knowledge representation and conceptual design process. A number of heterogeneous function-based CDE systems are identified and listed. A key comprehensive benchmarking framework is developed in this paper that helps in identifying the trend, gaps and scope of current function-based CDE systems. Accordingly, the gaps in the aforementioned contexts are discussed which are to date have not been summarized and highlighted for a well-balanced system development for a product conceptual design.
Communication System Improvement for Air Traffic Service to Provide a Continuous Surveillance over the Oceanic Area
Authors: Faieza Aziz Abdul , Rashid S.N. , Zulkifli N.
Published: June 2014

Air traffic service is an extra-ventricular service which regulates and assists aircraft in real time to ensure their safe operations. The importance of the air traffic service is to prevent collision between aircraft and to expedite and maintain an orderly flow of the air traffic. The objective of this project is to assess the effectiveness of the installed system in assisting the air traffic controller in providing the air traffic service. In order to achieve this objective, the Automatic Dependent Surveillance and Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (ADS/CPDLC) system has been installed and its functionality to provide continuous surveillance and communication has been evaluated. A survey of 35 air traffic controllers had participated to assess the effectiveness of the system to the air traffic controller. The results showed that over 80% of the air traffic controllers agree that the system is able to provide a continuous surveillance and continuous communication over the oceanic area. Apart from that, 60% of the air traffic controllers agree the reduced separation minima can be applies over the oceanic area by using the application of the system. Base on this result, reduced separation minima over the oceanic area can be applied in order to expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic over the oceanic area.
Higher Desirability in Solving Multiple Response Optimization Problems with Committee Machine
Authors: Golestaneh Seyed Jafar , Ismail N. , Mohd Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar , Tang S.H. , Naeini Hassan Moslemi , Maghsoudi Ali Asghar , Firoozi Zahra
Published: June 2014

Many industrial problems need to be optimized several responses simultaneously. These problems are named multiple response optimization (MRO) and they can have different objectives such as Target, Minimization or Maximization. Committee machine (CM) as a set of some experts such as some artificial neural networks (ANNs) in combination with genetic algorithm (GA) is applied for modeling and optimization of MRO problems. In addition, optimization usually is done on Global Desirability (GD) function. Current article is a development for recent authors' work to determine economic run number for application of CM and GA in MRO problem solving. This study includes a committee machine with four different ANNs. The CM weights are determined with GA which its fitness function is minimizing the RMSE. Then, another GA specifies the final solution with object maximizing the global desirability. This algorithm was implemented on five case studies and the results represent the algorithm can get higher global desirability by repeating the runs and economic run number (ERN) depends on the MRO problem objective. ERN is ten for objective “Target”. This number for objectives which are mixture of minimization and maximization ERN is five. The repetition are continued until these ERN values have considerable increased in maximum GD with respect to average value of GD. More repetition from these ERN to forty five numbers cause a slight raise in maximum GD.
Combination of Adaptive Enlargement and Reduction in the Search Neighbourhood in the Bees Algorithm
Authors: Azfanizam A.S. , Pham D.T. , Faieza A.A.
Published: June 2014

The Bees Algorithm, a heuristic optimisation procedure that mimics bees foraging behaviour, is becoming more popular among swarm intelligence researchers. The algorithm involves neighbourhood and global search and is able to find promising solutions to complex multimodal optimisation problems. The purpose of neighbourhood search is to intensify the search effort around promising solutions, while global search is to enable avoidance of local optima. Despite numerous studies aimed at enhancing the Bees Algorithm, there have not been many attempts at studying neighbourhood search. In this work, the combination of adaptive enlargement and reduction of the search neighbourhood is presented. Two engineering design problems with constraints which were the pressure vessel and speed reducer were selected to demonstrate the performance of the modified algorithm. The experimental results obtained showed that this combination is beneficial to the proposed algorithm.
A Framework of Knowledge Based System for Integrated Maintenance Strategy and Operation
Authors: Milana M. , Khan Mohammed Khurshid , Munive J. Eduardo
Published: June 2014

The dependency of maintenance as a manufacturing logistic function has made the considerations and constrains of maintenance decisions complex in nature. The rapid growth of automation in manufacturing process has also increased the role of maintenance as an inseparable business partner. As consequence, maintenance strategy and operations should always be aligned with business and manufacturing perspectives within a holistic and integrated manner to achieve competitive advantage. This paper presents a framework of Knowledge Based System for Integrated Maintenance Strategy and Operation (KBIMSO) linked to business and manufacturing perspectives. The KBIMSO framework has novelty of simultaneously highlighting the elements of business, manufacturing and maintenance perspectives which contribute to direct maintenance performance and can be used by the companies to evaluate their existing maintenance system in relation to business competitive priorities and manufacturing process requirements in order to gain optimal maintenance performance as the competitive driver.
Development of Lean Production System for Air Filter Manufacturer Using Value Stream Mapping
Authors: Faieza Aziz Abdul , Ng Wei Lin , Norzima Zulkifli
Published: June 2014

High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter was introduced during the World War II for removing or blocking very small particles (0.3μm particles) or contaminant from entering the air stream into the clean space. A new HEPA filter production line has been developed, however it has no production management system for the new production line. A lean production management system for HEPA production was developed. Value stream mapping tool was applied by analyzing the current state situation and developed the future state improvement. Production flow was designed into five sessions as a batch flow process to improve the productivity in limited space of working environment and manpower. After reducing the wastes identified in current state study, future state development in production line showed 22% improvement compared to current state study.
Integrated Dispatching Model of Automated Lifting Vehicles, Quay Cranes and Yard Cranes at Automated Container Terminal
Authors: Sadeghian Seyed Hamidreza , Mohd Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar , Tang S.H. , Ismail N.
Published: June 2014

Integration of various types of handling equipment is one of the important methods to improve the efficiency of processes and productivity of a container terminal. Using ALVs, because of their ability in lifting a container from the ground by themselves, can reduce the delay of loading and unloading tasks in automatic container terminals.In this paper, a mixed-integer programming model, which considers the integration of ALVs, Quay Cranes and Yard Cranes, is developed. This model minimizes the makespan of the loading and unloading activities in an Automatic Container Terminal with limited buffer spaces.
The Effects of Office Equipment Familiarity in Reducing Human Errors and Accidents
Authors: Ng Poh Kiat , Jee Kian Siong , Saptari Adi , Leau Jia Xin
Published: June 2014

Although the advancement of technology can provide a better and safer working environment to people, sometimes, overconfidence in technology can lead to unavoidable accidents and human errors in the workplace. This study aims to determine the effects of familiarity with office equipment on human errors and accidents in the workplace. A total of 150 surveys were collected and analysed with correlations analysis usingSPSS software version 19.0. The results show that although familiarity can reduce the occurrence of human errors, it cannot reduce the occurrence of accidents in the workplace. While it is now understood that improving one's familiarity with office equipment can potentially reduce their mistakes at work, companies should still be observant of other factors that can potentially reduce accidents in the workplace. This study sheds light on potential possibilities to improve the occupational safety, health and environment of organizations.
The Impact of World Class Manufacturing Practices on Company Performance: A Critical Review
Authors: Sukarma Lukman , Azmi Hafizah , Abdullah Nurlisa Loke
Published: June 2014

This paper provides a critical analysis on the impact of world-class manufacturing practices on company performances in the manufacturing sector based on a survey conducted on various manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The result gathered was used to developatheoretical framework that will be used to investigate whether the quality, cost, delivery and flexibility may affect the performance of bottom line in these manufacturing companies.The theoretical framework is also formed based on a comprehensive review of existing manufacturing management literature to propose the “World Class Manufacturing (WCM) Framework" to achieve manufacturing excellence.It is a combination of these three approaches which offers complementary outputs, which form the basis for pursuing superior performance in manufacturing.This paper presents the WCM Framework and addresses the possible synergy of concurrent application of TQM, JIT and TPM. A discussion of the various practices used in the Framework provides not only guidance on how to implement the Framework, but also an instrument to measure the status of its implementation. It is expected that the concurrent application of TQM, JIT and TPM, via their accompanying practices, may bring about significant improvements in quality, cost, delivery and flexibility.
Improved Maintenance for Energy Optimization in the Calcium Compound Processing Industry
Authors: Nadarajah Jayasalen , Faieza Aziz Abdul , Baharudin B.T. Hang Tuah , Radzi Amran Mohd
Published: June 2014

Malaysian industries, in general consider energy management a burden and non-profitable. Energy management initiatives are also viewed as a Cost-Centre. An Excel spreadsheet was therefore tailor-designed, which meets the requirements of the plant for energy optimization and management. The spreadsheet is grouped to reflect four parts, namely: plan, do, check and commit. This Plan-Do-Check-Commit cycle is based on the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle. This spreadsheet has been developed with the objective of developing a tool that would be comprehensive, simple and flexible, open to be modified and tailored for the industries. The results indicated that there are opportunities for a more effective and structured approach to energy management in industry. An initial reduction of 5% in energy consumption has been recorded and it is the company’s responsibility to ensure that their energy management becomes part of their corporate culture.
Design Cost and Scaling Model of Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator for Electricity Generation
Authors: Hamid Nasri A. , Suparin M.F. , Gokila T. , Ewe L.S.
Published: June 2014

This paper reports on the design cost and scaling model of a small scale superconducting wind turbine generator, where the levelized cost of energy (COE) was calculated. The proposed design of the wind turbine is based on the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) type that drives the superconducting generator. VAWT was chosen due to its ability to operate under low wind speed. Wind turbine using superconducting generator was proposed since it is able to enhance magnetic flux within the stator of the generator and consequently improve the performance of the generator. Once the design has been accomplished, all the cost of parts and components must be accounted and contributes to the overall cost of generating electrical energy from the superconducting wind turbine generator. The cost elements include the initial capital cost (ICC), balance of station (BOS), operation and maintenance (O&M), levelized replacement cost (LRC) and annual energy production (AEP). The calculated levelized COE shows that the cost of generating electricity using superconducting wind turbine generator is lower than generating electricity from conventional sources.
Simulation and Analysis on the Effect of Gross Vehicle Weight on Braking Distance of Heavy Vehicle
Authors: Sharizli Airul , Ramli Rahizar , Karim Mohamed Rehan , Abdullah Ahmad Saifizul
Published: June 2014

Increasing number of fatalities caused by road accidents involving heavy vehicles every year has raised the level of concern and awareness on road safety situation in developing countries like Malaysia. This study attempts to explore the influences of vehicle dynamics characteristics such as vehicle weight and travel speed on its safety braking distance. This study uses a kind of complex virtual prototyping software to simulate vehicle dynamics and its braking performance characteristics. The software was used to generate braking distance data for various vehicle types under various loads and speed condition. The generated data was grouped according to GVW and then analyzed by two-way ANOVA to evaluate its relationship to braking distance. The finding of this study implies that the speed and GVW of various vehicle classifications has a significant effect to the heavy vehicle braking distance.
Design of a Three Wheeler Vehicle's Driver's Seat Considering Ergonomics
Authors: Rashid A.R.M.H. , Mondol S.A.S. , Shams M.H. , Anik A.T.M.F.S.
Published: June 2014

Many developing countries, like Bangladesh, have many three wheeler vehicles as a popular cheap transport option. Usually the driver seats of such vehicles are locally designed without considering ergonomics. Thus, drivers of such vehicles suffer from discomfort in the short term and back pain and other ailments in the long run. So if driver’s seats in such three wheelers could be designed considering ergonomics, it would be beneficial for them. This paper describes the design of the seat of a three wheeler vehicle considering ergonomics and low cost available materials.
Development of an Ergonomic Infant Seat with Restraint System for Use in an Aircraft
Authors: Syakirah K. , Faieza A.A. , Yusuff M. Rosnah
Published: June 2014

A restraint system to holdan infant between 0 – 24 monthsold ona commercial passenger aircraft has not been improvedsince the early development of the aviation industry. The ergonomic featureof the seat that fits the infant was not extensively studied compared to the development of the seat with restraint devices for adult passenger. The objective of this paper is to review the current regulations regarding restraint devices for infants in an aircraft. It also attempts to explore the ergonomics of current and new technology of infant seat with restraint system.
Asymmetrical Lateral Jet Interaction on a Slender Body in Supersonic Flow
Authors: Luo Shi Jie
Published: June 2014

The lateral jet interaction on a slender body with rudders in supersonic flow had been investigated by numerical simulation, when the lateral jet is not in the longitudinal symmetry plane. It was called Asymmetrical lateral jet interaction in this paper. The flow features of jet interaction flowfield on the surface of the body or in the space far from the surface at different angles of attack and total pressure of jet was analyzed. As a result, the lateral jet interaction disturbed the pressure distributions of the slender body, and it was divided into near-field interaction near jet and far-field interaction aft-body on the basis of distance to jet. With the variety of the angle of attack and total pressure of jet, the pressure distributions at the aft-body change tempestuously, thereby the normal and lateral load will be from positive to negative, or reverse. The results also showed that the far-field interaction played a major role in the lateral jet interaction on a slender body in supersonic flow. The far-field interaction was caused by the changing of the outflow direction and intensity. Besides, the force/moment amplification factors presented highly nonlinear with the variety of angle of attack and total pressure of jet.
Long Guide Straightness Error Measurement Based on Laser Interference
Authors: Hu Chang De , Li Yong Qiang , Gao Juan , Fu Peng , Min He Ping , Ye Ning
Published: June 2014

A new kind of straightness error measurement system based on laser interference is developed. High stability He-Ne laser beam which is collimated and broadened is cast on wedge-shaped glass plate, on which back and front the light reflects and interfere. The angle of the guide and target would be changed when the motion of the target is along the guide, if there is linearity error existing in the guide. So interference stripes would be moved by the changed angle of the guide and target. In this way the straightness error of the guide is transferred to the displacement of the interference stripes. Then interference stripes are tested by photoelectricity sensor and deviation of the laser beam is acquired. The comparison tests and repeated tests show that the straightness error is 623.103μm when the tested long guide is 50 meters long.
Mechanism of the Saturation of the Radiation Induced Interface Trap Buildup
Authors: Pershenkov V.S. , Bakerenkov A.S. , Solomatin A.V. , Belyakov V.V. , Shurenkov V.V.
Published: June 2014

Ionizing radiation impact leads to degradation of electrical parameters of microelectronic devices. It is necessary to take this fact to account when dealing with microcircuits for space applications and high energy physics. Main physical reason of radiation-induced failures of spaceship and front end electronic equipment is buidup of interface traps at Si-SiO2 interface in semiconductor transistor structures. The original mechanism of interface trap annealing based on radiation induced charge neutralization (RICN) effect is presented. It is supposed that the positive charge of trapped holes in oxide is transformed through electron capture into a new defect (the AD center). The AD centers act as interface traps. The appearance of the A–D+ state leads to the annihilation of the AD center or annealing of interface trap. The annihilation process can be stimulated by radiation induced or substrate electrons. The competitive between accumulation and annihilation processes leads to saturation of the interface trap buildup. The value of density of interface trap in saturation depends on product of interface trap accumulation rate (Kacc)it and constant KAD which is function of thermal velocity, capture cross-section of AD center, generation rate and electron yield of radiation induced electrons. The extraction of these parameters allows explaining a known experimental data. The alternative mechanism of the interface trap saturation connected with the exhaustion of initial interface trap precursors is considered.
Numerical Prediction of Erosive Potential of Unsteady Cavitating Flow around Hydrofoil
Authors: Sedlář Milan , Zima Patrik , Komárek Martin
Published: June 2014

The paper attempts to assess the erosive potential of cavitation bubbles in unsteady flow of liquid over a prismatic hydrofoil using two-way coupling of the URANS and the Rayleigh-Plesset equations. The erosive potential of the cavitating flow is evaluated from the energy dissipated during the collapses of imploding cavitation bubbles near the solid surface of the hydrofoil. The bubbles are assumed spherical and the phase slip is neglected. Bubble fission is modelled using a simple break-up model. The interaction between bubbles is considered by superposing the pressure change due to pressure waves generated by collapsing bubbles and propagated in the computational domain over the local pressure in the liquid (external to the bubble). The rate of erosion of the solid material is not studied in this work. The flow is analysed using the in-house three-dimensional solver for unsteady turbulent flow with bubble dynamics. The results are demonstrated on the NACA 2412 hydrofoil with the incidence angle of 8 degrees and the cavitation number 1.37, which corresponds to the regime of oscillating partial cavity with periodic shedding of bubble cloud downstream of the cavity.
Study on TEA Encryption for Public Communication Network Wireless Remoter
Authors: Ge Yue Tao , Liu Xiao Ming , Yin Xiao Tong
Published: June 2014

In order to realize wireless remoter not only securely but also quickly data transmission in the public communication network, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) encryption and decryption algorithm is studied in this paper and the properties of TEA are analyzed. According to communication protocol of remoter, encryption and decryption program process are designed. Because of TEA encryption, remoter transmitter and receiver can communicate strongly in the public communication network.
Single-Machine Rescheduling of New Orders with Learning and Deterioration Effects Consideration
Authors: Pai Chia Min , Liu Yu Ling , Hsu Chou Jung
Published: June 2014

This paper explored single-machine rescheduling of new orders with both learning and deterioration effects consideration. According to the literature research, rescheduling means that a set of original jobs has already been scheduled to minimize classical objective, and later a new set of jobs arrives and creates a disruption. Two kinds of constraints, the maximum sequence disruption of the original jobs cannot exceed a fixed number and the maximum time disruption of the original jobs cannot exceed a known value, were examined. The objectives of this paper were to minimize total completion time based on the constraints respectively. We proved that both problems are solved in polynomial time algorithms.
GNSS RAIM Performance Analysis for World Wide Area
Authors: Wang Zi Lu , Wu Bin
Published: June 2014

Multi-constellations provide much better satellite geometrics, thus RAIM algorithms areexpected to achieve greater reliability and integrity performance. This paper mainly discusses different RAIM algorithms and gives simulations of RAIM availability and reliability of standalone GPS and integrated GPS/GLONASS, GPS/BEIDOU and GPS/GLONASS/BEIDOU constellations.The results show that multi-constellation improve RAIM availability and reliability greatly. It is no less than 99.7%for APV I. Also MDB values indicate thatinternal and external reliability of satellite navigation system can be enhanced by multi-constellation.
Emulator of Communication of SATEX-II Satellite with Earth Station
Authors: Vargas Hector , Aguilar Jorge , Alonso Miguel
Published: June 2014

We present a project to encourage students to venture into aerospace engineering projects, mainly in the emulation of communicating with the satellite and the earth station. In this exercise was proposed to use all the features of SATEX-II so they could understand a specific project and thus understand all the elements of the TV and play on to scale their communication with the ground station, with the ultimate to generate a comprehensive understanding. And we present to the conceptual design of the various elements of hardware that will Satex-II Satellite and in the most important aspects to consider in choosing the computer. Space conditions are totally different from terrestrial conditions, so the elements of the satellite's computer should be space technology, which require specific materials and fully redundant architecture for the proper functioning of the satellite, which depends mainly on the assigned mission.
Research of a New Method to Predict Ocean Wave Spectra
Authors: Zhang Xin Yu , Zhou Bo , Shi Ai Guo , Liu Meng
Published: June 2014

A new method to predict wave spectra is presented in this paper, which is based on X-band radar. Traditional methods to research ocean wave are usually based on the hypothesis that ocean wave is a stationary random process, which is proved to be not right. X-band radar is a remote sensing, ship borne equipment, which can measure wave information in real time conveniently. And the wave spectra measured by this equipment can represent non-stationary of ocean wave. In this paper wavelet decomposition and neural network is combined to predict wave spectra thus the trend how the ocean wave develop can be reflected. The experiment results show that this method is relatively credible.
Research on Safe Shipment of the Cargoes which May Liquefy
Authors: Xiao Jian Wei
Published: June 2014

This article expounds the transportation situation of cargoes which may liquefy and sea accidents happened in shipping process in recent years; fully studies the various characteristics and harm may existed of cargoes which may liquefy and the main reasons; introduces the principle of determining the water content and Transportable Moisture Limit. And puts forward the requirements for the safe shipment, precautions, emergency measures and attentions should be paid for safe manoeuvring.
The Research on Methods of Complicated Electromagnetic Environment Construction
Authors: Shao Xiao Fang , Jiang Ning
Published: June 2014

Aiming at getting the characteristics of electromagnetic environment of naval battle field, the composition of electromagnetic environment is analyzed, including the principles, basis and methods of constructing electromagnetic environment. the different application directions are introduced according to different characteristics of various methods, which is of significance to the construction of complicated electromagnetic environment (CEE).
Study of Thermal Analysis for Monitoring of Liquid Metal in Production of Aluminum Casting
Authors: Saohin Phatthaya , Kajornchaiyakul Julathep , Banjongprasert Chaiyasit
Published: June 2014

The main objective of this study is to present the elementary path to develop applications of thermal analysis technique from the solidification in casting of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. In order to successfully use the technique as a monitoring tool for an appropriate production of aluminum casting, all affecting process conditions must be taking into accounts when cooling curves are used as indicators. Although, the cooling curves can indicate the solidification characteristics, previous studies on casting trials designed by Taguchi method show that thermal analysis can be complex and sensitive. Also, there are many factors that influence the characteristics of cooling curves when grain refinement becomes more prominent. This study is to determine the effects of grain refiners and magnesium contents on the undercooling of nucleation of Alpha (α) aluminum phase. Different cooling rates and different magnesium contents were studied and the undercooling temperatures were measured. The cast samples were then subjected to the metallurgical analysis by macrostructure study to determine the average grain size. Under a controlled casting condition, it was found that grain refinement tended to decrease degrees of undercooling temperature. Also, higher magnesium content led to the suppression of the undercooling temperature.
Influence of Welding Speed over Dilution for Circular Grid Plate Hardfaced with Colmonoy-5
Authors: Balaguru S. , Deenadayalan K. , Murali Vela  , Chellapandi P.
Published: June 2014

Colmonoy is a nickel based alloy hardfaced with SS-316 used in Prototype Fast Breeder Reactors (PFBR) to avoid self-welding and galling between nuclear reactor and grid plate. Colmonoy is coated on the base metal –SS 316 by Plasma transfer arc welding. Due to thermal cycling that exist in reactors de-bonding between colmonoy and base metal occurs which may lead to catastrophic failure of the Prototype fast breeder reactor. Hence, estimation of the fatigue life period of hardfaced colmonoy is mandatory. Before that, finding optimum parameters which influences fusion, weld strength, composition and dilution are mandatory. In order to evaluate the dilution characteristics with respect to welding speed, different specimens were prepared by holding other parameters constant. Prepared specimens were tested for hardness, microstructure and dilution to locate the difference between each specimen. Comparative studies were carried out on the specimen and their parameters like travelling speed, microscopic structure, Hardness and dilution percentage were tabulated. Based on the tabulated results, the best specimen is chosen with respect to its individual parameters.
Quasisolution of the Inverse 3D Aerohydrodynamics Problem
Authors: Ivanshin Pyotr N.
Published: June 2014

In the article we generalize the quasisolution approach to the planar aerohydrodynamics problems to 3D case. We search for solution in the form of the spline.
High-Temperature Antioxidant Screening for Silicone Oil
Authors: Yang Hai Jun , Wang Hui Zhen , Zhong Li , Zhang Jun Qing , Liu Yue Jia
Published: June 2014

In order to prevent silicone oils from suffering oxidative deterioration and prolong its service life at high-temperature, an effective way is adding an appropriate antioxidant package in the base oil. Antioxidants can not only inhibit oil oxidation that produces acidic substances but also prevent the viscosity of oil from increasing. In this work, 1,3-dioctyl-1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-disiloxane (OPDS) was used as silicone base oil, and several commercially available antioxidants were screened. Data show that TNPP, phenyl sulfide, 2088, and KY01 were effective at 300 oC, which could be further used as candidates for the antioxidant formulations of silicone base oils used as high temperature lubricants or hydraulic oils.
Post-Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Polymeric Flocculant-Assisted Coagulation
Authors: Malakahmad Amirhossein , Chuan Sim Yeong , Eisakhani Mahdieh
Published: June 2014

Typically, palm oil mill industries use conventional anaerobic ponds for treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). But, this method alone cannot produce effluent discharge to an allowable limits set by the authorities. This study aimed to investigate further treatment of anaerobically digested POME (COD = 682±14 mgL-1, TSS = 29±7 mgL-1 and turbidity = 106±3 NTU) by coagulation-flocculation process. Alum, an industrial-accepted coagulant and OC 100 and PC 100W as two industrial-based polymeric flocculants were used in coagulation-flocculation process. Results indicate coagulation process in its optimum conditions (pH = 6, alum dosage = 1800 mgL-1, rapid mixing = 5 min, and slow mixing = 20 min) reduces the COD, TSS and turbidity by 59%, 80% and 86%, respectively. Flocculants OC 100 and PC 100W caused further reduction of TSS (85–88%) and turbidity (97–98%). By application of post treatment, the POME characteristics reached to an acceptable discharge level enforced by Malaysian department of environment (DOE).
Preliminary Investigation and Design Considerations for the Rehabilitation of Trash Screen at Jor Reservoir Low Level Outlet
Authors: Jansen Luis , Sidek Lariyah Mohd , Julien Pierre Y.
Published: June 2014

Jor reservoir was constructed to assure flow regulation for the Woh hydroelectric power station, as well as to provide storage for flood control. The reservoir outlet is frequently operated once every three months to flush the deposited sediments accumulated within the reservoir. Preliminary testing and inspection on the reservoir outlet revealed that the trash screen located at upstream of reservoir outlet had been damaged and dislodged creating a large opening at the trash screen thus permitting entry of larger logs which blocks the passage of water through the reservoir outlet. Bathymetric survey showed the total height of sediment deposition above the reservoir outlet covering the trash screen was estimated at approximately 13 m. The sediment volume estimated to be cleared from above the reservoir outlet area is 15,000 m3. Soil investigation conducted shows that the sediments deposited within the reservoir exhibits various different profile and characteristics. The average sediment distribution at deeper depths closer to the trash screen was found to be of 27% clay, 26% silt, 43% sand and 4% gravel. The rehabilitation works on structure as the low level outlet serves as an important feature for reservoir sedimentation management as well as for safe flood discharge release as designed for the dam. It is important that the function of the reservoir outlet structure is maintained in accordance to the International Dam Safety Standards.
The Performance of Trapezoidal Glass Cover Solar still during Monsoon Period of Tropical Environment
Authors: Sapari Nasiman , Mohd Ahmadan Nor Asyidah , Riahi Ali , Orji Kalu Uka
Published: June 2014

Seawater or brackish water desalination process using Reverse Osmosis as one of the current treatment technologies is expensive. A cheaper alternative is by using solar still. The paper presented the performance of solar still under tropical environment during monsoon period. The solar still was constructed using black stainless steel basin. Measurement of temperatures, solar intensities and distillate produce were recorded in the month of November and December, 2013, between 8 am and 6 pm. It was found that the distillate production rates obtained varied from 1.88 kg/m2/d to 2.26 kg/m2/d with efficiency of 37.7 %.
Water Quality Assessment of Ex-Mining Lakes in Perak, Malaysia as Alternative Source of Water Supply
Authors: Orji Kalu Uka , Sapari Nasiman , Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan , Robabeh Asadpour , Olisa Emmanuel
Published: June 2014

This study investigated the water quality of some of the ex-mining lakes in Perak State of Malaysia for possible use as alternative to water supply and compared them to water quality of some of the rivers used for intake of water treatment. A total of twelve (12) water samples were collected for analyses from selected sampling sites. These samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties, heavy metals concentrations, and organic pollutants concentrations. The analyzed results indicated that average temperature varied from 28.1 oC to 34.1 oC, pH 6.2 to 9.0, EC 55 to 400 μs/cm ,turbidity 5.6 to 74.2 NTU, DO 3.21 to 9.56 mg/l, TDS 36.8 to 268 mg/l, F- 0.017 to 0.182 mg/l, Cl- 0.483 to 3.339 mg/l, Br- 0 to 0.392 mg/l, SO42- 0.051 to 15.307 mg/l, Mg 0.833 to 1.466 mg/l, Na 0.669 to 3.668 mg/l, and Ca 2.85 to 26.77 mg/l. Heavy metals concentrations (mg/l) were: Zn 0.04 to 0.057, Pb 0.019 to 0.075, Cd not detected, Ni 0.013 to 0.105, As not detected to 0.004, and Cu not detected while COD 4 to 51 mg/l. Analyses revealed that all the water samples were turbid and containing slightly high concentration of Pb. Generally, they had common water quality problem. Further work should carry out more tests on other water quality parameters particularly on heavy metals, chemical and biological pollutants at different seasons.