bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of multi-parametric MRI-based radiomics features：predicting the histological grade of invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Lanqing , Yao Chi , Ding Wei , Lyu Xiaohong , Zhang Xianglin
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To investigate the value of radiomics features based on multi-parameter dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in predicting histological grade of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
Methods: A total of 183 confirmed IDC patients (139 low-grade I-II, 44 high-grade III) was divided into 7:3 training and test sets. The S1 to S5 enhanced phases, T2-weighted images, Diffusion Weighted Imaging, and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient images underwent meticulous preprocessing using 3D-slicer software. Radiomic features in the training set were analyzed using T-tests, lasso feature selection, and Variance Inflation Factor. Various models, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), and multi-parameter composite models, were constructed. Validation against pathological examination results employed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for AUC, sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The Delong test assessed AUC disparities, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) evaluated clinical utility. A calibration curve was also created.
Results: The enhanced S3 sequence exhibited superior predictive performance. Single sequence AUC values were RF 0.812, SVM 0.840, LR 0.848, NB 0.746. The multi-parameter model (S3: RF+SVM+LR) achieved an AUC of 0.876. In the training set, RF and SVM had higher AUC than LR and NB (P<0.05), and the multi-parameter model had a higher AUC than LR (P>0.05). In the test set, RF+SVM+LR had a higher AUC than NB (P<0.05). In DCA, RF and LR multi-parameter models showed the highest max net benefits.
Conclusion: Radiomics features from multi-parameter DCE-MRI demonstrate diagnostic efficacy in predicting IDC histological grade.
Grapevine virus P: a novel vitivirus found through virome analysis of bulk grape genetic resources in Japan
Authors: Ito Takao
Published: December 2023

To understand the potential risks posed by viruses and viroids to viticulture in Japan, virome analysis was performed on 174 grape genetic resources from the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. A total of 20 bulk samples were prepared by grouping the vines into batches of 6–10. Each of the bulk samples was analyzed using next-generation sequencing, which detected 26 viruses and 5 viroids. One contig initially categorized into grapevine virus A (GVA) in the genus Vitivirus with a maximum nucleotide sequence identity of only 58% with GVA variants was further analyzed. The determined genome was 7,461 nucleotides in length and encoded five open reading frames showing the typical genomic structure of vitiviruses. Phylogenetic trees of vitiviruses placed it at a distinct position nearest to GVA or grapevine virus F (GVF) in genomes and amino acids of deduced replication-associated protein (RAP) and coat protein (CP). The amino acid sequence identities of RAP and CP with GVA, GVF, and other vitiviruses were a maximum of 53% and 73%, respectively, which were significantly below the species demarcation threshold of 80% in the genus. The low identity and phylogenetic analyses indicate the discovery of a novel vitivirus species provisionally named grapevine virus P.
The effect of PARPi maintenance therapy on re-chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Han Jiangxue , Yang Yue
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Study on whether PARPi maintenance therapy has an impact on the subsequent chemotherapy efficacy of recurrent ovarian cancer in advanced ovarian cancer.
Methods
111 patients with first platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer were collected, 49 patients were treated with PARPi maintenance therapy after first-line treatment, and 62 patients were not treated with PARPi maintenance therapy. General clinical characteristics, including age, BRCA gene, and clinical stage, were counted. Divide the platinum free interval (PFI) after the first treatment into 6 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, and ≥ 24 months. Observe the number of courses required for patients to achieve normal CA125 and the disappearance of tumors assessed by imaging at different recurrence intervals.
Results
Age, BRCA gene, and stage did not affect the efficacy of chemotherapy.When using surgical R0 + platinum chemotherapy after recurrence in PFI at 6–12 months, 12–24 months, and ≥ 24 months, the P values were all < 0.05, all of which were statistically significant.In the degree of decrease in CA125 level and tumor disappearance by imaging assessment after relapse with second-line platinum-based chemotherapy only, the P values were statistically significant at PFI 6–12 months and 12–24 months, both of them < 0.05. In contrast, in PFI ≥ 24 months, the degree of decrease in CA125 level and the disappearance of tumor by imaging assessment were not statistically significant with P > 0.05.
Conclusions
After the first treatment for advanced ovarian cancer, PARPi maintenance therapy resulted in decreased effectivity to second-line platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents.
Derivation, validation, and transcriptomic assessment of pediatric septic shock phenotypes identified through latent profile analyses: Results from a prospective multi-center observational cohort
Authors: Atreya  , Huang BS Min , Moore Andrew R. , Zheng Hong , Hasin-Brumshtein Yehudit , Fitzgerald  , Weiss Scott L. , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Bigham Michael T. , Jain Parag N. , Schwarz Adam J. , Lutfi Riad , Nowak Jeffrey , Thomas Neal J. , Quasney Michael , Dahmer Mary K. , Baines Torrey , Haileselassie Bereketeab , Lautz Andrew J. , Stanski Natalja L. , Standage Stephen W. , Kaplan MD Jennifer M. , Zingarelli  , Sweeney  , Khatri Purvesh , Sanchez-Pinto  , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan
Published: December 2023

Background
Sepsis poses a grave threat, especially among children, but treatments are limited due to clinical and biological heterogeneity among patients. Thus, there is an urgent need for precise subclassification of patients to guide therapeutic interventions.
Methods
We used clinical, laboratory, and biomarker data from a prospective multi-center pediatric septic shock cohort to derive phenotypes using latent profile analyses. Thereafter, we trained a support vector machine model to assign phenotypes in a hold-out validation set. We tested interactions between phenotypes and common sepsis therapies on clinical outcomes and conducted transcriptomic analyses to better understand the phenotype-specific biology. Finally, we compared whether newly identified phenotypes overlapped with established gene-expression endotypes and tested the utility of an integrated subclassification scheme.
Findings:
Among 1,071 patients included, we identified two phenotypes which we named ‘inflamed’ (19.5%) and an ‘uninflamed’ phenotype (80.5%). The ‘inflamed’ phenotype had an over 4-fold risk of 28-day mortality relative to those ‘uninflamed’. Transcriptomic analysis revealed overexpression of genes implicated in the innate immune response and suggested an overabundance of developing neutrophils, pro-T/NK cells, and NK cells among those ‘inflamed’. There was no significant overlap between endotypes and phenotypes. However, an integrated subclassification scheme demonstrated varying survival probabilities when comparing endophenotypes.
Interpretation:
Our research underscores the reproducibility of latent profile analyses to identify clinical and biologically informative pediatric septic shock phenotypes with high prognostic relevance. Pending validation, an integrated subclassification scheme, reflective of the different facets of the host response, holds promise to inform targeted intervention among those critically ill.
Core hyphosphere microbiota of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Authors: Thomas Vanessa E. , Antony-Babu Sanjay
Published: December 2023

Bacteria and fungi are dynamically interconnected, leading to either beneficial or antagonistic relationships with the plants. Within this interkingdom interaction, the microbial community that are directly associated with the pathogen makes up the pathobiome. While the overall soil bacterial community associated with the Fusarium wilt diseases is widely examined, the specific bacterial populations that directly interact with the Fusarium wilt pathogens are yet to be discovered. In the study presented here, we define the bacterial community associated with the hypha of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 (FON2). Using the 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we describe the hyphosphere pathobiome of three isolates of FON2.
The Forward Modeling and 3D Printing of a Historical Building
Authors: Li Zhihao , Zhang Yizhong , Du Wenfeng
Published: December 2023

Mapping three-dimensional digital model of historical building is essential to the protection and utilization of historical architectural relics. This paper completed three-dimensional forward modeling and 3D printing of historical architectural models of Henan University’s South Gate, a nationally significant cultural relics protection site. Firstly, based on the measured data in the field, three-dimensional forward modeling of the south gate of Henan University was carried out using SketchUp software. Subsequently, a scaled-down model of Henan University’s South Gate was manufactured using 3D-printed technology. The study’s findings demonstrate that the integration of 3D forward modeling and 3D printing technology enables the reconstruction of digital and physical models of historical buildings at the South Gate of Henan University. This approach not only enhances the public's intuitive perception and overall understanding of cultural heritage but also provides effective tools and methods for the preservation of historical architectural cultural heritage.
Reflections and Mendelian randomization analysis of patients with vitiligo and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Xusheng , Liang Shicai , Wang Xuebo , Liu Kejun , Chen Bendong
Published: December 2023

Objectives A special case of vitiligo patient with advanced pancreatic cancer was observed in our clinical practice, which prompted us to think about whether there is an association between the two diseases, and to further investigate whether there is a causal relationship between the two diseases, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed.
Methods In this study, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger regression, Simple mode and Weighted mode. We used the publicly available Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics set on vitiligo of European origin (n=333064; Neale Lab) as the exposed GWAS; Samples of pancreatic cancer from the East Asian Biobank (total = 196187; cases = 442, controls = 195745; Neale Lab) were used as outcome.
Results We screened 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genome-wide significance from GWASs on vitiligo as instrumental variables (P < 5.00E-06; linkage disequilibrium r2 < 0.1). Analysis of the results using various methods such as IVW, MR-Egger regression, Weighted median, Simple mode and Weighted mode did not support the existence of a causal relationship between vitiligo and pancreatic cancer (P > 0.05). Cochran's Q test and funnel plot showed no evidence of heterogeneity and asymmetry. And the intercept of MR-Egger analysis result = 0.017400347494319, P = 0.666 further suggests that there is no directional multiplicity of results.
Conclusion The results of the MR analysis do not support a causal relationship between vitiligo and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
Study on the corrosion inhibition performance of quinoxaline corrosion inhibitor on Q235 steel in 1M HCl solution
Authors: Wei Houlian , He Zhongyi , Xiong Liping , Li Lili , Zhang Renhui , Guo Lei
Published: December 2023

Mild steel is widely used in many fields of production life, and it is of great practical significance to inhibit its corrosion in relevant corrosive media. Quinoxaline (Q) and its derivative diphenyl(quinoxaline-2-yl)phosphine oxide (QP) were selected as corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using weight loss and electrochemical analysis methods. The results showed that these synthesized additives possessed good anticorrosion efficiency for Q235 steel in HCl media, and as the concentration of the inhibitor increases, the inhibition effect becomes better and better. The inhibition efficiency of Q and QP reached the highest value at the concentration of 1 × 10− 3 M, they are all hybrid corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency of QP was greater than that of Q, which was related to the fact that diphenylphosphine can enhance the adsorption capacity with Q235 steel. The EIS plots showed that charge transfer resistance increased and double-layer capacitance decreased with increasing the concentration of studied inhibitors due to the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the Q235 steel surface. The adsorption of these inhibitors on the carbon steel surface conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Surface characterization of the corrosion inhibitor-impregnated and non-impregnated for the carbon steel samples using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy showed that a barrier film was formed on the Q235 steel surface to prevent contact with the corrosive medium.
Ensemble Learning by Stacking for Deterministic and Probabilistic Short-term Load Forecasting
Authors: Dudek Grzegorz
Published: December 2023

In this study, we explore meta-learning for combining forecasts derived from individual base models for both deterministic and probabilistic short-term load forecasting. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on straightforward averaging, we harness the power of machine learning to implement more advanced methods for combining forecasts through meta-learning, consequently increasing the accuracy of forecasts. For deterministic forecasting, we employ a spectrum of meta-learners, including linear regression, k-nearest neighbors, multilayer perceptron, random forest, and long short-term memory. For probabilistic forecasting, we utilize quantile linear regression, quantile regression forest and post-processing involving residual simulation. We introduce both global and local meta-learning variants tailored for time series data characterized by intricate seasonality patterns. Through a comprehensive assessment across various forecasting scenarios, we illustrate the superior performance of meta-learners in comparison to conventional averaging techniques.
Prevalence of Gonorrhea and Associated Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among High School Students in Burao City, Somaliland
Authors: Yosef Dek Kahin , Awil Barwaqo Saleban , Adem Abdiaziz Ali , Mohamoud Bashir Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Background: Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhea, is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) that significantly impacts the health and well-being of individuals worldwide. It is the second most common preventable and treatable STI. In women, gonococcal infections often do not exhibit noticeable symptoms, leading to undetected and untreated infections. This can result in severe complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Hence, the objective of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of gonorrhea infection among high school students in Burao City, Somaliland, while also examining their knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with this infection.
Methods: A quantitative method was employed in conducting an institutional-based cross-sectional study in selected schoolsin Burao City. The sampling method used was systematically random. To collect data, a structured questionnaire with four parts was utilized. The collected data underwent a thorough process of checking for completeness, cleaning, coding, and entry using Kobo toolbox software (ODK). Subsequently, the data wereexported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 27 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilized to describe the study population to relevant variables. Furthermore, the chi-square test and odds ratio were performed at a 95% confidence interval using a p-value of less than 0.05.
Result: The study included 384 participants, with almost equal gender distribution. The response rate was high at 99%. The majority of participants had a negative attitude toward gonorrhea, while a significant proportion had acceptable preventive practices. The prevalence of gonorrhea was 2.1%. The logistic regression analysis revealed that good knowledge and a positive attitude toward gonorrhea were associated with higher levels of acceptable sexual practices. Additionally, practices and attitudestoward gonorrheawere strongly associated with each other.
Conclusion: According to this study, the level of awareness regarding gonorrhea infection among school children in Burao City was significantly inadequate. Even though over half of the students reported no sexual relationships, a considerable number of them were still engaging in risky sexual behaviors such as unprotected sex.
Prospective randomized comparison of applying media with or without antioxidants during the entire IVF procedure on sibling gametes, subsequent embryo culture and single-vitrified blastocyst transfer
Authors: Mizumoto Shigetoshi , Nagao Yozo , Watanabe Hitomi , Tanaka Keiko , Murakami Masao , Kuramoto Takeshi
Published: December 2023

Background
To investigate the effect of antioxidants (AOX) on human embryo development and clinical outcome when used during all IVF procedures.
Methods
Prospective randomized single-centre study, where cumulus-oocyte complexes and semen samples from 127 treatment cycles were equally split between study and control (with/without AOX). The primary endpoint was Day 5/6 good quality blastocyst (GQB) rate / Metaphase-II (M-II) oocyte.
Results
The GQB rate between the study group and control was almost significant (P = 0.050). An age-related analysis revealed significantly higher fertilization rates in the study group for the older age groups (P < 0.05) but not in the younger. Development of Good-quality Day 3 embryos / M-II oocytes was comparable in the younger and significantly higher in the older age group (P < 0.05). Total Day 5/6 blastocyst rate and Day 5/6 GQB rate was not significantly different in the younger groups. For older patients Day 5/6 blastocyst rate and Day 5/6 GQB rate were higher in the study group (P < 0.05). Blastocyst utilization rates were comparable in younger patients and significantly different in older patients (P < 0.05). A total of 188 single vitrified blastocyst transfers were performed; 94 in each group. We noted similar implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates between in the younger age group but higher, albeit not-significant rates, for older patients in the study group (48.2% vs. 28.6%; 46.4% vs. 28.6%). Respective live birth rates were 47.4% vs 51.9% and 42.9% vs 23.8% in the younger/older age group.
Conclusion
Using media with AOX in all IVF procedures shows age-dependent effects.
Trial regintration:
Approval no: 16002
Ironing Process Optimization for Enhanced Properties in Material Extrusion technology using Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Alzyod Hussein , Ficzere Peter
Published: December 2023

Material Extrusion (MEX) technology, a prominent method in the field of additive manufacturing (AM), has witnessed significant growth in recent years. The continuous quest for enhanced material properties and refined surface quality has led to the exploration of post-processing techniques. In this study, we delve into the ironing process as a vital processing step, focusing on the optimization of its parameters through the application of Design of Experiments (DoE), specifically the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The investigation reveals the profound impact of ironing on material properties and surface quality. Through a systematic exploration of ironing process parameters, we identify optimal conditions that lead to substantial improvements in Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Compressive Strength (CS), Flexural Strength (FS), Impact Strength (IS), and surface roughness (Ra). The introduction of ironing minimizes voids, enhances layer bonding, and reduces surface irregularities, resulting in components that not only exhibit exceptional mechanical performance but also possess refined aesthetics. This research sheds light on the transformative potential of precision experimentation, post-processing techniques, and statistical methodologies in advancing Material Extrusion technology. The findings offer practical implications for industries requiring high-performance components with structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.
Capture of transcriptomic events in Stomach Adenocarcinoma integrating alignment-based and alignment-free protocols
Authors: Huang Chenshen , Chen Hong , Wang Xiangyu , Wang Ning
Published: December 2023

Background
Transcriptome expression variations and abnormalities in peptides and proteins play a crucial role in phenotypic differences. RNA-seq data provides valuable insights for identifying disease-causing mutations. However, traditional RNA-seq analysis techniques heavily rely on reference sequences and alignment procedures, limiting their effectiveness. In this study, we employed k-mer technology to overcome these constraints and comprehensively identify pathogenic mutations.
Methods
Our investigation focused specifically on individuals diagnosed with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). By leveraging k-mer technology, we were able to detect frequent alterations occurring in various genomic elements and post-transcriptional modifications. We also explored the significance of previously overlooked events in typical transcriptomics pipelines, which may serve as potential indicators for tumor prediction, prognosis, tumor neoantigen prediction, and their correlation with the immune microenvironment. Additionally, we considered the impact of unannotated long intergenic non-coding RNA, newly discovered splice variants, repetitive sequences, and pathogenic microbial RNA on understanding STAD.
Results
By utilizing our method, which does not depend on a reference sequence or mapping, we anticipate simplifying the analysis of differential RNA-seq in tumor/normal sample collections. This approach offers a more comprehensive framework for evaluating crucial cancer-related occurrences and addresses the limitations of traditional techniques.
Conclusion
The application of k-mer technology in analyzing RNA-seq data provides a robust platform for identifying disease-causing mutations in STAD patients. Our method offers a promising alternative to traditional approaches by incorporating unannotated elements and overcoming reference-dependent constraints. The comprehensive insights gained from this analysis have implications for tumor prediction, prognosis, tumor neoantigen prediction, and understanding the immune microenvironment in STAD.
The combination effect of RDW and PNI on the prognosis for CAD patients undergoing PCI
Authors: Huo Likun , Jiang Chao , Chen Kang yin , Tse Gary , Liu Tong , zhao Wenjuan , Ji xiang
Published: December 2023

Background：Inflammation and malnutrition are related to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Nutritional status is an important condition that affects inflammation. However, it is yet unclear whether there is a joint between PNI(prognostic nutritional index) and RDW(red blood cell distribution width) for the impact on the prognosis in patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）.
Methods ：A total of 5605 consecutive CAD patients undergoing PCI were selected retrospectively, and stratified by combination of PNI and RDW level. The cutoff values of RDW and PNI for predicting 1-year all-cause mortality (ACM) were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves analysis. The primary endpoint was 1-year ACM.
Results ：During 1-year follow-up, 235 (4.19%) patients died. In multivariate regression analysis, the L-PNI/H-RDW group [hazard ratio (HR): 8.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 5.96,13.15, p＜0.001] was found to be the highest risk of ACM with H-PNI/L-RDW group as the reference, followed by the L-PNI/L-RDW group (HR:3.96, 95%CI: 2.60,6.00) and H-RDW/H-PNI group(HR:3.00,95%CI:1.99–4.50).The combination of PNI and RDW was a strong predictor of 1- year ACM.
Conclusions
CAD patients with L-PNI and H-RDW experienced the worst prognosis. The coexistence of PNI and RDW appears to have a synergistic effect, providing further information for the risk stratiﬁcation of CAD patients.
An Efficient Disease Prediction System with Electronic Health Record Using Feature Selection and Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Sandhiya S
Published: December 2023

Rapid advancements in communication technologies and expert systems generate massive amounts of medical data. Using an electronic health record (EHR) and a disease prediction system, we can predict high-risk patients at an early stage. The use of EHR for early prediction aids in the improvement of health care quality through personalized medicine. To analyze the massive amount of disease-related EHR data, various deep learning methods for disease prediction are proposed. Deep learning is a machine learning technique that has evolved. Even with more deep learning techniques in place, no healthcare system has achieved a higher level of disease prediction accuracy. In this paper, we propose a disease prediction system for serious, lethal diseases such as heart, diabetes, and cancer diseases. The proposed system is made up of a feature selection algorithm (GBCOA) and a Convolutional-Recurrent Neural Network (C-RNN). This proposed model was tested against existing methods and found to have higher prediction accuracy with less computation time.
Comparative metagenomic analysis of diarrheal and non-diarrheal gut microbiome delineating the prospective development of prognostic markers and probiotics to protect from diarrhea: A Brief Report
Authors: De Rituparna , Kanungo Suman , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Dutta Shanta
Published: December 2023

Background: A cross-sectional gut microbiome analysis of 23 non-diarrheal and 5 diarrheal fecal samples was conducted. 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing and subsequent analysis was undertaken for the taxonomic profiling and abundance interpretation of OTUs.
Results: Significant differences between the two groups with respect to the structural composition was revealed. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in the majority of the samples. B/F ratio was consistently <1 in all diarrheal samples. Significant difference in mean B/F ratio of the two groups was found. Proteobacteria was significantly more abundant in the diarrheal group. Prevotellaceae was the most abundant family in non-diarrheal samples and was suppressed significantly in diarrheal samples. Streptococcaceae was the most abundant family in 60% diarrheal samples and where Streptococcaceae was suppressed, Bacteroideaceae and Nocardeaceae were the most abundant. In non-diarrheal samples where Streptococcaceae was almost completely suppressed Bifidobacteriaceae was the most abundant and suppressed other families significantly. A negative correlation was observed between Prevotellaceae and Bacteroideaceae in the non-diarrheal group. Prevotella copri was the most abundant species in 70% non-diarrheal samples and was significantly suppressed in diarrheal samples. Proteus mirabilis was identified in all the non-diarrheal samples while they were absent in diarrheal samples.
Conclusions: The OTUs associated with diarrheal dysbiosis can serve as prognostic markers. This is the first report on the comparative analysis of diarrheal and non-diarrheal microbiome, to our knowledge, and distinctly addressing the gut microbiome dysbiosis from the context that can lead to the development of prognostic markers and probiotics for protecting the endemic population from diarrhea.
An augmented transformer model trained on family specific variant data leads to improved prediction of variants of uncertain significance
Authors: Joshi Dinesh , Pradhan Swatantra , Sajeed Rakshanda , Sriniva Rajgopal , Rana Sadhna
Published: December 2023

Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) represent variants that lack sufficient evidence to be confidently associated with a disease thus posing challenge in interpretation of genetic testing results. In this work, we present an improved gene specific approach to variant prediction that leverages a pre-trained protein language model for predicting VUS. Our deep learning model combines zero-shot log odd scores from evolutionary scale model (ESM-2) as a feature along with embeddings from ESM-2 as features for training a supervised model on variants associated with the gene. Our training set creation approach uses variant data from a gene family if the gene of interest has low or no functional data for training a gene specific predictor. We demonstrate the accuracy of our method by testing it on VUS of an enzyme NAGLU (Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase) whose deficiency due to mutations is known to cause a rare genetic disorder, Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB or Sanfillipo B disease. Our model augmented with contextual information from the gene family improves prediction of VUS in the NAGLU gene and outperforms state-of-the-art pathogenicity predictors. Our results also indicate that genes that have sparse or no experimental variant impact data, the family variant data can serve as a proxy training data for making accurate predictions.
Effects of unilateral inguinal hernia with pediatric obesity/overweight and the relationship with contralateral patent processus vaginalis
Authors: Watanabe Shunsuke , Inoue Mikihiro , Murayama Mika , Tsuchiya Tomonori
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The prevalence of childhood obesity/overweight (OV-OB) has been increased worldwide. Inguinal exploration in pediatric with unilateral hernias has been an important issue due to the high incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV). This study was to investigate the effect of OV-OB on CPPV, and the relationship between the perioperative period and OV-OB.
Methods
This retrospective study included 27 paediatric patients with OV-OB and 151 controls who underwent paediatric inguinal hernia surgery (with CPPV or without CPPV). We used Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression model to analyze the clinical data.
Results
OV-OB with CPPV affected anaesthesia induction time (p = 0.03, odds ratio (OR) = 17.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.39–279.20). OV-OB showed high complication rates of CPPV (p = 0.01, OR 2.97 (95% CI: 1.27–6.93)).
Conclusion
OV-OB influenced anaesthesia induction time in paediatric inguinal hernias. Unilateral inguinal hernia in paediatric patients with OV-OB may be susceptible to CPPV.
Dynamic Ru equilibrium based on Co, Zn-driven double anchoring for robust acidic water oxidation
Authors: Dong Bin , Zhou Ya-Nan , Yu Ning , Fan Ruo-Yao , Zhang Yu-Sheng , Liu Bin , Chai Yongming
Published: December 2023

Due to the irreversible oxidation and leaching of the Ru catalytic center in acidic media, achieving a dynamic activity-stability balance of active sites based on static structural design is a paradox for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we propose that the dynamic dissolution-deposition equilibrium of Ru sites governs the activity-stability trade-off of Ru-based oxides, which is engendered by Co, Zn-driven double-anchoring of Ru. It has been established that Co/Zn as electron donors not only inhibit oxidation of Ru and shorten Ru-O bond (first anchoring), but also attract the dissolved Ru species through oriented electron flow to achieve catalytic redeposition (second anchoring). Co, Zn co-doped RuO2 (CoxZn1−x@RuO2) with different Co ratios are constructed, in which Co0.8Zn0.2@RuO2 reaches the optimal dissolution-deposition equilibrium and displays no degradation either at 10 mA cm− 2 for 100 h or at 100 mA cm− 2 for 170 h, demonstrating excellent resistance to harsh OER conditions. Moreover, Co0.2Zn0.8@RuO2 exhibited ultra-high OER activity with 150 mV at 10 mA cm− 2 by tailoring the d-band center of Ru and lowering the energy barrier for *OOH adsorption.
Academic management of university virtual education: An analysis from the perception of students, teachers, and managers
Authors: Salazar-Rebaza Carola , Zegarra-Alva Monica , Cordova-Buiza Franklin
Published: December 2023

Currently, many universities are developing virtual education as an option for the training of future professionals. The objective of this study is to analyze aspects of the academic management of university virtual education from the perspective of students, teachers, and administrators. A mixed approach and non-experimental design were applied. Semi-structured interviews and surveys were used. The participants were 8 managers, 340 students, and 75 teachers from Peru, Colombia, Mexico, and Spain, from universities where virtual education is offered. The results show that 51% of teachers agree with the management, 50% accept the adequate use of technological tools, and only 20% say that virtual classes are effective. Concerning students, 45% agree with the management, but only 15% feel that they are attended to when problems arise in the virtual modality. The managers determine relevant aspects such as the importance of teacher training, having technological tools to ensure learning, and providing a comprehensive academic service, as is provided in the in-person modality. It is concluded that academic management in the virtual modality should prioritize the improvement of satisfaction levels of both students and teachers through adaptation processes, training, performance evaluation, attention, and problem-solving, as well as the use of virtual platforms that allow the development of competencies of the graduate profile and contribute to the comprehensive training of future professionals.
Mucosal Roofing Flap Reconstruction to Minimize Horizontal Lip Length Loss and Preserve Mouth Opening in Lower Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Jong Hyup , Koh In Chang , Lim Soo Yeon , Kim Hoon
Published: December 2023

Lower lip reconstruction in cases with a full-thickness defect over one-third of the vermilion is challenging. Numerous conventional techniques have been applied with unsatisfactory surgical outcomes because of microstomia and oral commissure blunting due to shortened horizontal lip length. Herein, we present a case in which a full-thickness lower lip defect of more than one-third of the horizontal lip length was covered with a novel mucosal roofing flap reconstruction to minimize the loss of horizontal lip length and to preserve mouth opening. No recurrences or metastases were observed during 3 years and 6 months of follow-up, with horizontal lower lip length maintained and mouth opening of 2.5 finger breadths.
Piloting the Inclusion of the Key Populations Unique Identifier Code in the South African Routine Health Information Management System: Protocol for a Multiphased Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rampilo Mashudu , Phalane Edith , Phaswana-Mafuya Refilwe Nancy
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The global community has set an ambitious goal to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Significant progress has been achieved in pursuing these objectives; however, concerns remain regarding the lack of disaggregated routine data for key populations (KPs) for a targeted HIV response. KPs include female sex workers, transgender populations, gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who are incarcerated, and people who use drugs. From an epidemiological perspective, KPs play a fundamental role in shaping the dynamics of HIV transmission due to specific behaviors. In South Africa, routine health information management systems (RHIMS) do not include a unique identifier code (UIC) for KPs. The purpose of this protocol is to develop the framework for improved HIV monitoring and programming through piloting the inclusion of KPs UIC in the South African RHIMS.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to describe the protocol for a multiphased study to pilot the inclusion of KPs UIC in RHIMS.

METHODS

We will conduct a multiphased study to pilot the framework for the inclusion of KPs UIC in the RHIMS. The study has attained the University of Johannesburg Research Ethics Committee approval (REC-2518-2023). This study has four objectives, including a systematic review, according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines (objective 1). Second, policy document review and in-depth stakeholder interviews using semistructured questionnaires (objective 2). Third, exploratory data analysis of deidentified HIV data sets (objective 3), and finally, piloting the framework to assess the feasibility of incorporating KPs UIC in RHIMS using findings from objectives 1, 2, and 3 (objective 4). Qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed using ATLAS.ti (version 6; ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH) and Python (version 3.8; Python Software Foundation) programming language, respectively.

RESULTS

The results will encompass a systematic review of literature, qualitative interviews, and document reviews, along with exploratory analysis of deidentified routine program data and findings from the pilot study. The systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; CRD42023440656). Data collection is planned to commence in September 2024 and expected results for all objectives will be published by December 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

The study will produce a framework to be recommended for the inclusion of the KP UIC national rollout. The study results will contribute to the knowledge base around the inclusion of KPs UIC in RHIMS data.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42023440656; https://tinyurl.com/msnppany

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/55092
Effect of Integration of Audio-visual Learning Resources in a Pre-clinical Infectious Disease Course (Preprint)
Authors: Hoyt Garrik , Basu Paramita , Bakshi Chandra Shekhar
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Improved long-term learning retention leads to higher exam scores and overall course grades, which is crucial for success in pre-clinical coursework in any Podiatric Medicine curriculum. AV mnemonics, in conjunction with text-based materials and an interactive user interface have been designed and shown to increase memory retention and higher-order thinking in medical studies.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of integrating web-based audio-visual learning resources for improving student engagement and increasing learning retention.

METHODS

A quasi-experimental study was conducted with two cohorts totaling 158 second-year podiatric medical students. The treatment group had access to Picmonic's Audio-visual resources, while the control group followed traditional instruction methods. Exam scores, final course grades, and user interactions with Picmonic were analyzed. Logistic regression and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between Picmonic access, performance outcomes, and student engagement.

RESULTS

The treatment group had significantly higher average exam scores and final course grades than the control group. Effect sizes indicated the practical significance of these differences. Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between Picmonic access and the likelihood of achieving high final grades. Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong link (P=.018) between the number of in-video questions answered and students' final grades. Survey responses reflected increased student engagement, comprehension, and satisfaction with the multimedia-based resources.

CONCLUSIONS

This study underscores the positive impact of animation-supported AV instruction on pre-clinical medical education. The treatment group, equipped with Picmonic resources, exhibited improved learning outcomes, enhanced engagement, and heightened satisfaction. These results contribute to the discourse on innovative educational methods and highlight the potential of multimedia-based learning resources to enrich medical curricula. Despite certain limitations, this research suggests that animation-supported AV instruction offers a valuable avenue for enhancing student learning experiences in medical education.
Pengaruh Metode Edukasi Focus Group Discussion terhadap Persepsi Masyarakat tentang Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak di Wonosari
Authors: Sari Galuh Novita , Kurniawan Erik Adik Putra Bambang
Published: December 2023

Background: Children sexual abuse still occurs today. In 2022, Commission on Violence Against Women and Children Gunungkidul Regency recorded 7 sexual abuse cases and 4 of them occurred in Wonosari. During pandemic, Wonosari citizen have never received any education related to children sexual abuse prevention. Therefore, they need education to improve their perception. Objective: To determine the effect of education with focus group discussion method toward public perception of sexual abuse prevention among children in Wonosari. Method: This was a pre-experiment study with one group pretest-post test design. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling from 30 sample respondents. The data was collected using public perception questionnaires and analyzed using Wilcoxon tank test. Result: The median value of public perception before education was 50 (min-max:43-59), while after education was 64 (min-max: 53-68). The Wilcoxon rank test showed p value of 0,000. Conclusion: There is an effect of education with focus group discussion method toward public perceptions of sexual abuse prevention among children in Wonosari.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kekerasan seksual pada anak menjadi fenomena yang masih terjadi sampai saat ini. Data Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Gunungkidul pada tahun 2022 mencatat adanya 7 kasus kekerasan seksual dan 4 di antaranya terjadi di Wonosari. Masyarakat Wonosari belum pernah mendapatkan edukasi tentang pencegahan kekerasan seksual selama pandemi. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat perlu diberi edukasi agar dapat meningkatkan persepsi positif masyarakat mengenai pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh edukasi dengan metode focus group discussion terhadap persepsi masyarakat tentang pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak di Wonosari.  Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pre experimental design dengan rancangan penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Teknik sampling menggunakan stratified random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner persepsi masyarakat dan analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon rank test. Hasil: Persepsi masyarakat sebelum edukasi memiliki nilai median = 50 (min-max: 43-59) dan persepsi masyarakat sesudah edukasi memiliki nilai median = 64 (min-max: 53-68). Hasil analisis data dengan uji Wilcoxon rank test diperoleh nilai p value 0,000. Simpulan: Ada pengaruh pemberian edukasi dengan metode focus group discussion terhadap persepsi masyarakat tentang pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak di Wonosari.
Entanglement dynamics in U(1) symmetric hybrid quantum automaton circuits
Authors: Han Yiqiu , Chen Xiao
Published: December 2023

We study the entanglement dynamics of quantum automaton (QA) circuits in the presence of U(1) symmetry. We find that the second Rényi entropy grows diffusively with a logarithmic correction as tln⁡t, saturating the bound established by Huang \cite{Huang_2020}. Thanks to the special feature of QA circuits, we understand the entanglement dynamics in terms of a classical bit string model. Specifically, we argue that the diffusive dynamics stems from the rare slow modes containing extensively long domains of spin 0s or 1s. Additionally, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of monitored QA circuits by introducing a composite measurement that preserves both the U(1) symmetry and properties of QA circuits. We find that as the measurement rate increases, there is a transition from a volume-law phase where the second Rényi entropy persists the diffusive growth (up to a logarithmic correction) to a critical phase where it grows logarithmically in time. This interesting phenomenon distinguishes QA circuits from non-automaton circuits such as U(1)-symmetric Haar random circuits, where a volume-law to an area-law phase transition exists, and any non-zero rate of projective measurements in the volume-law phase leads to a ballistic growth of the Rényi entropy.
A (simple) classical algorithm for estimating Betti numbers
Authors: Apers Simon , Gribling Sander , Sen Sayantan , Szabó Dániel
Published: December 2023

We describe a simple algorithm for estimating the k-th normalized Betti number of a simplicial complex over n elements using the path integral Monte Carlo method. For a general simplicial complex, the running time of our algorithm is nO(1γlog⁡1ε) with γ measuring the spectral gap of the combinatorial Laplacian and ε∈(0,1) the additive precision. In the case of a clique complex, the running time of our algorithm improves to (n/λmax)O(1γlog⁡1ε) with λmax≥k, where λmax is the maximum eigenvalue of the combinatorial Laplacian. Our algorithm provides a classical benchmark for a line of quantum algorithms for estimating Betti numbers. On clique complexes it matches their running time when, for example, γ∈Ω(1) and k∈Ω(n).
The Illusion of “pure-blood” and the Rise of Mixed-Race: Focusing on Kim Nae-sung's Typhoon and Ando Sakan's Pirate Story: Karma of the South Seas
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Literature, Jung Hye-young
Published: December 2023

The term “mixed race” is not currently used in South Korea. In Japan, Asahi Shimbun decided in January 2004 to avoid using the term “mixed-race child”. This is because “mixed race” is a term that sets boundaries between humans and otherizes them, and is not appropriate in this era of increasing globalization. The term “mixed race” first appeared in Korea during the colonial period, particularly around 1940. In this study, we will examine the reason and meaning behind the full-fledged emergence of the term “mixed race” in two novels that feature mixed-race children: “Typhoon” (1943) by Kane Raise and “Pirate Story of the South Seas” by Ando Sakan. (1939). Around 1940, there was a serious debate going on in Japan about “maintaining the purity of the race”, and Kim Nae-sung's “Typhoon” and Ahn Tou-hee's “Inferno in the South Sea” were very relevant to this era. It was a novel created in which the main character was a mixed-race man who aimed to build a mixed-race empire in this atmosphere. The exploration of the “mixed-race people” that appear in these two novels has an important meaning in investigating the substance of the pure-blood ideology that was spread by the Japanese Empire during the colonial period. In addition, the conclusions of these two novels are worth noting in order to clearly understand the origins of racial prejudice and discriminatory perceptions that still persist today.
Writing poetry, poet's mindset, boldness, superiority, longing for heavenly blessings
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Literature, Lim Woo Young
Published: December 2023

In Goethe's 『West-östlicher Divan』(1819), ｢Derb und Tüchtig｣ and ｢Dreistigkeit｣ tell the poet's attitude in writing poetry. In ｢Übermacht, ihr könnt es spüren｣, the poet's 'superiority' is compared to that of a monarch, and in ｢Selige Sehnsucht｣, the poet's attitude of writing poetry at the risk of death is emphasized. In these poem, “strength,” “boldness,” “excellence,” and the poet’s mindset of risking death are emphasized in the poet’s general artistic act of “poetry writing.” The poet's boldness, superiority and even “arrogance” that appear in the “West-Eastern Divan” seem to have arisen from the feeling of liberation and confidence that Goethe felt when he traveled to Frankfurt (in July 1814) after the Napoleonic Wars. He went through a dark period during the Wars and so read Hafis' poetry and wrote Eastern-style poetry to shake off all the pressure around him via his “confidence/boldness” and “arrogance” as a poet. His decision dicision to write poetry in the Eastern style for the first time in the history of Western literature can be said to be Goethe’s “warning and commandment” about “writing poetry.”