bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust-Based Security Mechanisms for Self-Organized Networks (SONs)
Authors: Sivagurunathan S. , Prathapchandran K.
Published: April 2016

Self-Organized Networks (SONs) are an advancement of today's communication that arises to overcome the problems in traditional communications in terms of their planning, configuration, optimization, healing and management since the rate of utilizing communication technology is gradually increasing day by day hence an optimum mechanism is needed to cope up with all the changes in the communication era, the result is self-organized networks. The success of SONs depends on how it is effectively utilized without any compromise in its security. However its unique characteristics offer both opportunities and challenges. The aim of this chapter is to begins with the essential concept of SONs such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN), Peer to Peer Networks (P2P), Cognitive Radio Networks, Bio-Inspired Networks and Internet of Things (IoT) and their limitations in different perspectives. As these networks have penetrated into the human life with an anytime anywhere capability, the security of the data being processed and communicated through these networks become vital. This chapter tries to bring out the issues and challenges in providing a trust based solution mechanisms for this type of networks.
SON in Location-Based Services
Authors: Subramanian Ramprasad , Afroz Farhana , Sandrasegaran Kumbesan , Kong Xiaoying
Published: April 2016

This chapter forays into the literature of emerging field of Self-Organization Network (SON) and its application in the area of location-based services. SON is a widely applied technology in the ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks and automatic computer networks. This chapter deal exclusively about the projects, standards and literature of SON in the context of the cellular networks and how it can aid to achieve higher position accuracy information of the subscriber. Additionally, in this chapter a clear understanding of SON taxonomy and the guidelines for the design of SON has been presented and a comparison of SON with the existing solutions about its strength and weakness has been made in this chapter. The key research areas for further development is also highlighted in this chapter. This literature will provide comprehensive guidance for anyone interested to delve into the research of SON in cellular wireless communication and location based services.
Trace- and Social-Based Modeling of Human Mobility Patterns
Authors: Diab Ali , Mitschele-Thiel Andreas
Published: April 2016

The 5th Generation (5G) of mobile communication networks is being developed to address the demands and business contexts of 2020 and beyond. Its vision is to enable a fully mobile and connected society and also to trigger socio-economic transformations in ways eventually unimagined today. This means that the physical world to be covered with planned 5G networks including communication networks, humans and objects is becoming a type of an information system. So as to improve the experience of individuals, communities, societies, etc. within such systems, a thorough comprehension of intelligence processes responsible of generating, handling and controlling those data is fundamental. One of the major aspects in this context and also the focus of this chapter is the development of novel methods to model human mobility patterns, which have crucial role in forthcoming communication technologies. Human mobility patterns models can be categorized into synthetic, trace-based and community-based models. Synthetic models are largely preferred and widely applied to simulate mobile communication networks. They try to capture the patterns of human movements by means of a set of equations. These models are traceable, however, not capable of generating realistic mobility models. The key idea of trace-based models is the exploitation of available measurements and traces achieved in deployed systems to reproduce synthetic traces characterized by the same statistical properties of real traces. A main drawback of trace-based modeling of human patterns is the tight coupling between the trace-based model and the traces collected, the network topology deployed and even the geographic location, where the traces were collected. This is why the results of various trace-based models deviate clearly from each other. Sure, this prohibits the generalization of trace-based models. When one also considers that the traces themselves are rarely available, one can understand why synthetic models are preferred over trace-based ones. Community-based modeling of human movements depends on the fact stating that mobile devices are usually carried by humans, which implies that movement patterns of such devices are necessarily related to human decisions and socialization behaviors. So, human movement routines heavily affect the overall movement patterns resulting. One of the major contributions in this context is the application of social networks theory to generate more realistic human movement patterns. The chapter highlights the state of art and provides a comprehensive investigation of current research efforts in the field of trace- and social-based modeling of human mobility patterns. It reviews well-known approaches going through their pros and cons. In addition, the chapter studies an aspect that heavily relates to human mobility patterns, namely the prediction of future locations of users.
Better Together
Authors: Desilets Michelle R. , DeJonghe Jennifer , Filkins Michelle
Published: April 2016

The Library and Learning Center at Metropolitan State University is a shared space between the Metropolitan State University Library and a branch of the Saint Paul Public Library system. This chapter reviews the literature on joint use libraries and provides a history of the planning and development of the Library and Learning Center. In detailing the history of both organizations and the current state of collaboration ten years after the building opened, this chapter will describe how the experience at Metropolitan State aligns with that of similar joint use libraries. Furthermore, by highlighting collaborative services and programming, the chapter will be instructive for libraries that wish to form collaborative relationships outside of a joint use model. It will also describe the strengths of the joint use model in meeting the shared goals of community engagement and lifelong learning, while remaining cognizant of the challenges that are inherent in any joint use library initiative.
The Library as a Center for Innovation
Authors: White Gary W.
Published: April 2016

The University Libraries have formed a strategic alliance with the Academy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the University of Maryland to develop library services and spaces to support student innovation and entrepreneurship. In Fall 2014, the Library opened a new state of the art “makerspace” that was developed via joint planning fundraising. In addition, the Libraries and the Academy are exploring further development and expansion of existing spaces in the library to support innovation, creativity, design-thinking, and entrepreneurship. This chapter situates this case study in the current literature of how academic libraries support innovation and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it discusses how libraries can initiate and develop similar relationships on campus to assist in the creation of similar programs and services. This includes a discussion of best practices about joint fundraising. Finally, it discusses how “makerspace” services and spaces can be used to facilitate student learning as well as innovation and entrepreneurial activities.
The Portal to Texas History
Authors: Belden Dreanna , Phillips Mark E. , Carlisle Tara , Hartman Cathy Nelson
Published: April 2016

The Portal to Texas History serves as a gateway to Texas history materials. The Portal consists of collections hosted by the University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries in partnership and collaboration with over 280 Texas libraries, museums, archives, historical societies, genealogical societies, state agencies, corporations, and private family collections. With a continuously growing collection of over half a million digital resources, The Portal to Texas History stands as an example of a highly successful collaborative digital library which relies heavily on partnerships in order to function at the high level. The proposed book chapter will describe all aspects of establishing the collaborations to create the Portal including the background of the project, marketing the initiative to potential partners, partnership roles and agreements, funding issues and development, technical infrastructure to support partnership models, preservation of all digital master files, research studies to understand user groups and partner benefits, and sustainability issues.
Librarian and Peer Research Mentor Partnerships that Promote Student Success
Authors: Gamtso Carolyn White , Vogt Rachel Blair , Donahue Annie , Donovan Kimberly , Jefferson Jennifer
Published: April 2016

This chapter describes the evolution of the University of New Hampshire (UNH) Manchester Research Mentor Program, a cross-campus collaboration that trains writing tutors to assist students with information literacy skills. The first half of the chapter documents the first iteration of the Research Mentor Program, describing the recruitment, training, tutoring activities, and evaluation of the writing tutors/research mentors; the integration of the research mentors in First-Year Writing classroom library instruction sessions and writing tutorials; and the results of a three-semester evaluation study of the program's effectiveness at teaching composition students the information skills they will need to develop as writers, researchers, and critical thinkers. The second half of the chapter describes the Research Mentor Program's transformation as librarians, learning center staff, and classroom instructors adapted the program's goals by integrating the vision of the Association of College and Research Libraries' Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education into their pedagogy.
Exergaming for Physical Activity in Online Physical Education
Authors: Kooiman Brian J. , Sheehan Dwayne P. , Wesolek Michael , Reategui Eliseo
Published: April 2016

For many the thought of students taking an online course conjures up images of students sitting at a computer desk. Students taking online physical education (OLPE) at home may lack opportunities for competitive or cooperative physical activity that are available to students in a traditional setting. Active video games (exergames) can be played over the internet between students. Exergames allow for a new and possibly effective genre of physical activity that offers OLPE students the opportunity to interact in relevant, engaging, and entertaining physical activity with other students. Secondary student (N=124) heart rates were recorded before exergaming, after playing a non-player character, and after playing another student remotely over the internet. The results show that exergaming between students over the internet can raise student heart rates to moderate levels of physical intensity commensurate with guidelines for Physical Intensity for secondary students. Exergames show promise for physical activity in an OLPE course when played against a non-player character and a remote partner.
Physiological and physical quality of local Araucaria angustifolia seed variety
Authors: Shibata Marilia , Coelho Cileide Maria Medeiros , Araldi Cristhyane Garcia , Adan Natalia , Peroni Nivaldo
Published: April 2016

Araucaria angustifolia seeds are the basis for the rural economy in southern Brazil, and the species presents different botanical varieties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity of physical, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Araucaria angustifolia seeds from local varieties: ‘sancti josephi’, ‘angustifolia’, ‘caiova’, and ‘indehiscens’. Seeds were collected from the cities of Painel and Urubici in Santa Catarina State and tested for moisture content, 1000-seed weight, emergence, emergence speed index (ESI), root and shoot length, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, soluble carbohydrates, and starch content. Among the varieties cited above, the angustifolia variety from Painel displayed a greater 1000-seed weight, ESI, electrical conductivity and shoot length. However, the sancti josephi variety displayed a lower emergence percentage, 1000-seed weight, ESI, root and shoot length, and carbohydrate content. In a cluster analysis, based on Euclidean distance, three groups constituting the sancti josephi, indehiscens, and caiova/angustifolia varieties were found. In conclusion, there is great diversity in A. angustifolia seeds. The angustifolia and caiova varieties displayed similar diversity, and their physiological quality was better than that of other varieties. Variety characterization allowed for the compilation of information regarding seed collection and use for seedling production and species conservation.
Answer to neuroimaging quiz case
Authors: Misser Shalendra , Mngoma Thamsanqa
Published: April 2016

A 50-year-old man of otherwise excellent health presented with recent onset of left upper limb weakness and left facial nerve palsy.
Uterine artery embolisation as an effective choice for symptomatic fibroids: Five-year outcome
Authors: Rischbieter Paul , Sinclair Christine , Lawson Andrew , Ahmad Samia
Published: April 2016

Background: Uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids is a relatively new but internationally recognised procedure. The present study seeks to report the results of the largest South African series of uterine artery embolisations for symptomatic fibroids to date. It is the fourth article to be published in South Africa on the outcomes of this procedure, and the largest South African series to date. Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of uterine artery embolisation in women with symptomatic fibroids in a tertiary hospital in South Africa. Methods: Eighty-two women who presented for uterine artery embolisation at a single site in South Africa for symptomatic fibroids were retrospectively studied. Outcomes included recurrence and re-intervention rates, patient satisfaction and complication rate. Results: Two patients required repeat embolisation, and one patient experienced fibroid recurrence without further intervention. No repeat myomectomies were performed. Eighty percent of patients reported being satisfied, 12% partially satisfied and 7% not satisfied. No major complications were reported. Conclusion: Uterine artery embolisation was shown to be a good choice in the treatment of symptomatic fibroids and presents favourable long-term outcomes in the South African population.
Agenesis of the internal carotid artery with transcavernous anastomosis associated with anterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: Kumagai Kosuke , Takeuchi Satoru , Otani Naoki , Komiyama Masaki , Mori Kentaro
Published: April 2016

Agenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare congenital anomaly. Recently, several cases of ICA agenesis have been associated with cerebral aneurysms. We present the seventh case of ICA agenesis with transcavernous anastomosis associated with cerebral aneurysms. A 47-year-old man presented with transient numbness of his left hand. Magnetic resonance angiography indicated the presence of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms. Digital subtraction angiography revealed two ACoA aneurysms, absence of the left ICA, and an anomalous collateral vessel connecting the cavernous portions of both internal carotid arteries, which was considered to be a transcavernous anastomosis. Head bone window computed tomography with contrast medium revealed the absence of the petrous carotid canal on the left suggesting the diagnosis of left ICA agenesis. The ACoA aneurysms were clipped successfully, and the postoperative course was uneventful.
Case of an intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the setting of pacer-dependent heart block
Authors: Chica Jonathan , Yepes Isaac , Burks S , Komotar Ricardo , Carrillo Roger
Published: April 2016

Intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are an extremely rare entity with only a handful of cases reported in the literature. MPNSTs typically occur in the extremities and the trunk. The treatment algorithm includes, when possible, gross-total resection as these tumors are extremely aggressive. When these tumors occur intracranially, they are termed malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumors. The diagnosis hinges on immunohistochemistry and pathological features and often the diagnosis can be delayed for this reason. In this setting, it is critical to utilize intraoperative navigation, thus necessitating the use of fine-cut magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This report presents a patient who presented with symptoms of obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to an intracranial mass. The patient underwent a full and extensive metastatic workup that was ultimately negative. To complicate things, the patient was fully pacemaker dependent. In this report, we review the literature surrounding this type of tumor, along with a detailed presentation of the case mentioned including the difficulties of cardiac pacing in the setting of MRI.
Misdiagnosed case of scalp arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Ozkara Emre , Özbek Zühtü , Özdemir Atilla , Arslantaş Ali
Published: April 2016

Scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal vascular lesions that can be treated safely and effectively, with surgical or endovascular approaches. Because of their complex vascularity, the detailed preoperative evaluation must be carefully performed. Here, we present a case of scalp AVM that required two operations as a result of a misdiagnosis because of inadequate preoperative assessment.
Posttraumatic cervicovertebral junction acute subdural hematoma and cisterna magna subarachnoid hemorrhage presenting with progressive hydrocephalus
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Chaudhary Pramod , Cherian Iype
Published: April 2016

Herein, we discuss a rare case of posttraumatic cervicovertebral junction subdural hematoma and associated cisterna magna subarachnoid hemorrhage. Due to progression in the hydrocephalus, he has undergone midline suboccipital craniectomy and evacuation of the hematoma. The patient made an uneventful recovery.
Frequency of Skip Metastases in Oral Cancer: An Overview
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Gulati Achal , Patel Shikharani , Sakthivel Pirabu
Published: April 2016

Globally, over 3,00,000 people are diagnosed with oral cancer every year and it is considered as 8th most common malignancy worldwide. However, there is geographical variation; oral cancer being the 3rd most common in South East Asia which is 25 per 1,00,000 per annum. In the Indian subcontinent head and neck cancer accounts for 45% of all malignancy with oral cancer being the most common, accounting for 1/3rd of all cancers. Increasing number of head and neck cancer cases is a cause of major concern as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. If oral cancer is detected early when confined to the mucosa only, the 5 years survival exceeds 80%. However, it drops to 40% in presence of regional metastases and to 20% in the presence of distant metastases. The prognosis worsens as the growth involves proximal to distal. Current knowledge of neck node metastases with special emphasis on skip meta stases in oral cancers is discussed.

How to cite this article

Patel S, Sakthivel P, Singh I, Gulati A, Gupta D. Frequency of Skip Metastases in Oral Cancer: An Overview. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(2):80-85.
Ewing's Sarcoma of Maxilla: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Mohiyuddin Azeem , Deo Ravindra P , Sagayaraj A , jyothi Divya N , Kumar Harendra ML
Published: April 2016

Ewing's sarcoma is a rare malignant small cell tumor occurring in the first and second decades of life and usually involving the long bones of the limb. Literature shows that less than 3% of the tumor originates in the maxillofacial region of which 1% occurs in jaw bones with higher predilection for mandible. Mean age of presentation of this tumor in bones of head and neck region is 10.9 years.

Surgery is the first line of treatment and considering the aggressive behavior of the tumor multimodality treatment is preferred to reduce recurrence rate.

Due to small number of cases affecting the jaws, there are no definite protocols in treatment of Ewing's sarcoma of maxilla.

We are presenting a case of Ewing's sarcoma of maxilla in a 60 years old patient, as it is involving a rare site and has occurred in an uncommon age group.

How to cite this article

Mohiyuddin SMA, Deo RP, Jyothi DN, Kumar HML, Sagayaraj A. Ewing's Sarcoma of Maxilla: A Rare Presentation. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(2):96-98.
Cavernous Hemangioma of the Tongue
Authors: Shah Jatin P , Petrovic Ivana , Roman Ben
Published: April 2016

Background

Vascular anomalies are divided into vascular tumors, hemangiomas being the most common, and vascular malformations. Most vascular anomalies are noticed at birth or occur during infancy, and generally involve skin or subcutaneous soft tissues. Adult onset hemangiomas are rare, and intramuscular location is extremely rare. Surgical excision is recommended for hemangiomas in adults, if they are symptomatic, or manifest growth.

Materials and methods

We report a rare case of a 51-year-old woman, with an intramuscular hemangioma of the tongue, presenting as a submental mass. Preoperative imaging for assessment of tumor extent was followed by a successful surgical excision.

Results

Postoperative course was uneventful with primary healing of the wound, and with no functional deficit of tongue function.

Conclusion

Although a variety of treatment approaches are reported for childhood hemangiomas, surgical excision is the preferred treatment for adult onset symptomatic hemangiomas. Preoperative work up should include imaging preferably with contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Embolization may be considered for larger lesions. Intraoperative hypotension should be avoided to ensure identification of the entire lesion to ensure complete excision.

How to cite this article

Petrovic I, Roman B, Shah JP. Cavernous Hemangioma of the Tongue. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(3):109-111.
Mycobacterium Fortuitum causing Isolated Parotid Abscess in an Immunocompetent Adult Female: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chhapola Sunita , Matta Inita
Published: April 2016

Introduction

We report a rare case of isolated parotid abscess due to Mycobacterium fortuitum in an immunocompetent adult female, which to the best of our knowledge (on internet search) is the first case of its type.

Methodology

Diagnosis was based on MTBDR CM assay (Hain's) culture, followed by a positive TBAg MPT64 culture for MOTT. The patient was treated with abscess drainage and antibiotics with good results. A parotidectomy was not required in our patient.

Conclusion

Mycobacterium fortuitum parotid abscess is very rare. A knowledge of the pathogenicity of this organism and careful culture methods seem to be the key of accurate diagnosis. Treatment protocols are still subject to research.

How to cite this article

Chhapola Shukla S, Matta I. Mycobacterium Fortuitum causing Isolated Parotid Abscess in an Immunocompetent Adult Female: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(3):125-127.
Congenital Isolated Agenesis of Epiglottis Presenting with Acute Life-threatening Event Successfully Managed by Temporary Supraglottic Closure and Tracheostomy
Authors: Prasad G Raghavendra
Published: April 2016

Isolated agenesis of epiglottis is extremely rare. The exact incidence is unknown. Anecdotal presentations associated with Pierre Robbin syndrome maxillary hypoplasia have been reported. Agenesis of epiglottis has also been published in an adult. Isolated agenesis of epiglottis with acute life-threatening event (ALTE) has not been specifically dealt with in the literature. Hence, this is the report of six contiguous cohort of isolated agenesis of epiglottis with ALTE.

Materials and methods

After the first case of isolated agenesis of epiglottis was diagnosed 2 years ago, five more such cases were treated by the group. These formed the index cases of the cohort.

Decision for surgery was based on an arbitrary 3 ALTEs in 24 hours. All the patients were initially intubated. Supraglottic space was closed using interrupted unabsorbable sutures. Tracheostomy was added. At 3 to 6 months of follow-up, glottis was restored by Nd-YAG laser knife. Five out of six children are alive and thriving well. One child died before he could be actively managed.

Conclusion

Isolated agenesis of epiglottis with ALTE is extremely rare. Supraglottic closure saves lives and gives enough time for pharyngoesophageal coordination to develop.

How to cite this article

Prasad RG. Congenital Isolated Agenesis of Epiglottis Presenting with Acute Life-threatening Event Successfully Managed by Temporary Supraglottic Closure and Tracheostomy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(1):1-3.
Voice Therapy in Muscle Tension Dysphonia Cases
Authors: Dutta Smrity Rupa Borah
Published: April 2016

Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is a condition where phonation is associated with excessive muscular tension or muscle misuse. It has multifactorial etiologies. It can be a primary or secondary MTD. While it can affect anyone, sufferers usually belong to a particular group. It has very serious impact on sufferer's personal, social and professional life.

We are presenting here, our 20 months prospective study done in the department of otorhinolaryngology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital from June 2012 to July 2013.

Voice therapy was given to every patient, whether primary or secondary MTD. Pre-therapy vs post-therapy comparisons were made of self-ratings of voice handicap index, auditoryperceptual ratings as well as visual-perceptual evaluations of laryngeal images.

Outcome of voice therapy results (Graphs 1 and 2) in such patients were found to be very good. As the disease is multifactorial, treatment approach should be broad-based involving multidisciplinary team.

Abbreviations

Vocal Cord Nodule (N), Vocal Polyp (P), Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR), Presbylaryngis (PL), Cut Throat injury (CT), Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia (PMTD), Dysphonia Plica ventricular (DPV).

How to cite this article

Singh SP, Dutta SRB. Voice Therapy in Muscle Tension Dysphonia Cases. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(1):20-24.
Estimation of Spectral Amplitude Measures in Healthy Aged Individuals
Authors: Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Monnappa Dhanya
Published: April 2016

Introduction

The anatomical and physiological changes in the phonatory system due to aging have a major impact on voice. Widely researched parameters of voice like fundamental frequency and the perturbation measures have strong correlation with age. However, these measures depend on the location of the exact pitch pulses and it may yield unreliable results in case of a severely aperiodic voice. Also, harmonic measures of voice in healthy aging are scanty in the literature.

Aim

The present study focused on determining the changes in harmonic-related measures in healthy aging individuals using spectral amplitude measures.

Materials and methods

The participants were classified into three groups as young, middle-aged, and elderly adults based on their age. All the participants were required to sustain three different types of vowels. Voice samples were analyzed using CSL software to obtain the spectral amplitude measures.

Results

This showed that there was a decrease in spectral amplitude measures with aging.

Discussion

Thus, suggesting that the harmonic structure of voice is not affected in healthy aged individuals. Vowel type and gender also influences the harmonic-related measures in the healthy aging population.

Conclusion

The results of the present study could be used by the voice clinicians while assessing adults with voice disorders. It will also help the clinicians in delineating the age and gender differences in the vocal parameters.

How to cite this article

Monnappa D, Balasubramanium RK. Estimation of Spectral Amplitude Measures in Healthy Aged Individuals. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(2):42-47.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Eustachian Tube Catarrh
Authors: Bhargava Anuja , Cherian Meenu , Cherian Tambi A
Published: April 2016

Background

Eustachian tube catarrh could be due to laryngopharyngeal reflux besides other causes.

Objectives

To assess gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with Eustachian tube catarrh and the effect of proton pump inhibitors on symptoms of Eustachian tube disease.

Methodology

A total of 50 patients were selected with symptoms of Eustachian tube catarrh and evaluated prospectively in the ENT Outpatient Department of the Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.

Results

The group consisted of 15 (30%) males and 35 (70%) females. The largest group was of the age of 45 years and above (44%). The most common symptom of Eustachian tube catarrh was itching (84%), followed by otalgia (76%) and popping sensation on swallowing (74%). On otoscopic examination, the commonest grade of tympanic membrane retraction was grade I (57%), on tympanometry 90% of cases had middle ear pressure in range −100 to +100. The middle compliance ranged from 0.5 to 1.75 (normal) in 86% of the cases. The tympanomeric curve was type A (normal) in 78% of the cases and type C in 8% of the cases. At the end of 4 and 8 weeks, the response of treatment to proton pump inhibitors was significantly higher (z = 3.53, p < 0.05) in the studied group.

Conclusion

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) could be an important etiological factor in Eustachian tube catarrh. The treatment, with proton pump inhibitors, of Eustachian tube catarrh with no local identifiable cause, could be very useful to this subsect of patients.

How to cite this article

Bhargava A, Cherian M, Cherian TA, Gupta S. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Eustachian Tube Catarrh. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(2): 61-66.
Laryngotracheal Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Rangappa Vidya Bhushan , Hedne C Naveen , Chauhan Shubhra , Naveen BS
Published: April 2016

Laryngotracheal pleomorphic adenoma is a rare tumor with a lot of dilemma in establishing histological diagnosis and with no definitive treatment guidelines. Very few cases have been reported in the literature with good outcomes in open approach procedures. We, in our report, will discuss the detailed surgical procedure and the outcome with open approach.

How to cite this article

Rangappa VB, Hedne CN, Chauhan S, Naveen BS. Laryngotracheal Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Rare Entity. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(2):70-72.
Cloud chamber experiments on the origin of ice crystal complexity in cirrus clouds
Authors: Schnaiter Martin , Järvinen Emma , Vochezer Paul , Abdelmonem Ahmed , Wagner Robert , Jourdan Olivier , Mioche Guillaume , Shcherbakov Valery N. , Schmitt Carl G. , Tricoli Ugo , Ulanowski Zbigniew , Heymsfield Andrew J.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This study reports on the origin of small-scale ice crystal complexity and its influence on the angular light scattering properties of cirrus clouds. Cloud simulation experiments were conducted at the AIDA (Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). A new experimental procedure was applied to grow and sublimate ice particles at defined super- and subsaturated ice conditions and for temperatures in the −40 to −60 °C range. The experiments were performed for ice clouds generated via homogeneous and heterogeneous initial nucleation. Small-scale ice crystal complexity was deduced from measurements of spatially resolved single particle light scattering patterns by the latest version of the Small Ice Detector (SID-3). It was found that a high crystal complexity dominates the microphysics of the simulated clouds and the degree of this complexity is dependent on the available water vapor during the crystal growth. Indications were found that the small-scale crystal complexity is influenced by unfrozen H2SO4 / H2O residuals in the case of homogeneous initial ice nucleation. Angular light scattering functions of the simulated ice clouds were measured by the two currently available airborne polar nephelometers: the polar nephelometer (PN) probe of Laboratoire de Métérologie et Physique (LaMP) and the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS-HALO) probe of KIT. The measured scattering functions are featureless and flat in the side and backward scattering directions. It was found that these functions have a rather low sensitivity to the small-scale crystal complexity for ice clouds that were grown under typical atmospheric conditions. These results have implications for the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds and for the radiative transfer through these clouds.
The relationship between anthropogenic dust and population over global semi-arid regions
Authors: Guan Xiaodan , Huang Jianping , Zhang Yanting , Xie Yongkun , Liu Jingjing
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Although anthropogenic dust has received more attention from the climate research community, its dominant role in the production process is still not identified. In this study, we analysed the relationship between anthropogenic dust and population density/change over global semi-arid regions and found that semi-arid regions are major source regions in producing anthropogenic dust. The results showed that the relationship between anthropogenic dust and population is more obvious in cropland than in other land cover types (crop mosaics, grassland, and urbanized regions) and that the production of anthropogenic dust increases as the population density grows to more than 90 persons km−2. Four selected semi-arid regions, namely East China, India, North America, and North Africa, were used to explore the relationship between anthropogenic dust production and regional population. The most significant relationship between anthropogenic dust and population occurred in an Indian semi-arid region that had a greater portion of cropland, and the high peak of anthropogenic dust probability appeared with 220 persons km−2 of population density and 60 persons km−2 of population change. These results suggest that the influence of population on production of anthropogenic dust in semi-arid regions is obvious in cropland regions. However, the impact does not always have a positive contribution to the production of anthropogenic dust, and overly excessive population will suppress the increase of anthropogenic dust. Moreover, radiative and climate effects of increasing anthropogenic dust need more investigation.
The Zugspitze radiative closure experiment for quantifying water vapor absorption over the terrestrial and solar infrared. Part III: Quantification of the near-infrared water vapor continuum under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Reichert Andreas , Sussmann Ralf
Published: April 2016

Abstract. We present a first quantification of the near-infrared (NIR) water vapor continuum absorption from an atmospheric radiative closure experiment carried out at Mt. Zugspitze (47.42° N, 10.98° E, 2964 m a.s.l.). Continuum quantification is achieved via radiative closure using radiometrically calibrated solar FTIR absorption spectra covering the 2500 to 7800 cm−1 spectral range. The dry atmospheric conditions at the Zugspitze site (IWV 1.4 to 3.3 mm) enable continuum quantification even within water vapor absorption bands, while upper limits for continuum absorption can be provided in the centers of window regions. Throughout 75 % of the 2500 to 7800 cm−1 spectral range, the Zugspitze results are agree within our estimated uncertainty with the widely used MT_CKD 2.5.2-model (Mlawer et al., 2012). Notable exceptions are the 2800 to 3000 cm−1 and 4100 to 4200 cm−1 spectral ranges, where our measurements indicate about 5 times stronger continuum absorption than MT_CKD. The measurements are consistent with the laboratory measurements of Mondelain et al. (2015), which rely on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CDRS), and the calorimetric-interferometric measurements of Bicknell et al. (2006). Compared to the recent FTIR laboratory studies of Ptashnik et al. (2012) and (2013), our measurements indicate 2–5 times weaker continuum absorption under atmospheric conditions in the wings of water vapor absorption bands, namely in the 3200 to 3400 cm−1, 4050 to 4200 cm−1, and 6950 to 7050 cm−1 spectral regions.
Wetland eco-engineering: measuring and modeling feedbacks of oxidation processes between plants and clay-rich material
Authors: Saaltink Rémon , Dekker Stefan C. , Griffioen Jasper , Wassen Martin J.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Interest is growing in using soft sediment as a building material in eco-engineering projects. Wetland construction in the Dutch lake Markermeer is an example: here the option of dredging some of the clay-rich lake-bed sediment and using it to construct wetland will soon go under construction. Natural processes will be utilized during and after construction to accelerate ecosystem development. Knowing that plants can eco-engineer their environment via positive or negative biogeochemical plant–soil feedbacks, we conducted a six-month greenhouse experiment to identify the key biogeochemical processes in the mud when Phragmites australis is used as an eco-engineering species. We applied inverse biogeochemical modeling to link observed changes in pore water composition to biogeochemical processes. Two months after transplantation we observed reduced plant growth and shriveling and yellowing of foliage. The N:P ratios of plant tissue were low and were affected not by hampered uptake of N but by enhanced uptake of P. Subsequent analyses revealed high Fe concentrations in the leaves and roots. Sulfate concentrations rose drastically in our experiment due to pyrite oxidation; as reduction of sulfate will decouple Fe-P in reducing conditions, we argue that plant-induced iron toxicity hampered plant growth, forming a negative feedback loop, while simultaneously there was a positive feedback loop, as iron toxicity promotes P mobilization as a result of reduced conditions through root death, thereby stimulating plant growth and regeneration. Given these two feedback mechanisms, we propose that when building wetlands from these mud deposits Fe-tolerant species are used rather than species that thrive in N-limited conditions. The results presented in this study demonstrate the importance of studying the biogeochemical properties of the building material and the feedback mechanisms between plant and soil prior to finalizing the design of the eco-engineering project.
A novel approach reveals high zooplankton standing stock deep in the sea
Authors: Vereshchaka Alexander , Abyzova Galina , Lunina Anastasia , Musaeva Eteri , Sutton Tracey  T.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. In a changing ocean there is a critical need to understand global biogeochemical cycling, particularly regarding carbon. We have made strides in understanding upper ocean dynamics, but the deep ocean interior (> 1000 m) is still largely unknown, despite representing the overwhelming majority of Earth's biosphere. Here we present a method for estimating deep-pelagic zooplankton biomass on an ocean-basin scale. In so doing we have made several new discoveries about the Atlantic, which likely apply to the World Ocean. First, zooplankton biomass in the upper bathypelagic domain is higher than expected, representing an inverted biomass pyramid. Second, the majority of this biomass comprises macroplanktonic shrimps, which have been historically underestimated. These findings, coupled with recent findings of increased global deep-pelagic fish biomass, revise our perspective on the role of the deep-pelagic fauna in oceanic biogeochemical cycling.
Changes in Holocene meridional circulation and poleward Atlantic flow: the Bay of Biscay as a nodal point
Authors: Mary Yannick , Eynaud Frédérique , Colin Christophe , Rossignol Linda , Brocheray Sandra , Mojtahid Meryem , Garcia Jennifer , Peral Marion , Howa Hélène , Zaragosi Sébastien , Cremer Michel
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This paper documents the last 10 ka evolution of one of the key parameters of climate: sea-surface temperatures (SST) in the subpolar North Atlantic. We focus on the southern Bay of Biscay, a highly sensitive oceanographic area because of its strategic and nodal position regarding the dynamics of the North Atlantic subpolar and subtropical gyres. This site furthermore offers unique sedimentary environments characterized by exceptional accumulation rates, enabling the study of Holocene archives at (infra)centennial scales. Our results mainly derive from planktonic foraminiferal association analysis on two cores from the southern Landes plateau. These associations were used as quantitative tools (thanks to the Modern Analog Technique) to track past hydrographical changes. SST reconstructions were thus obtained at an unprecedented resolution and compared to a compilation of Holocene records from the northern North Atlantic. From this regional perspective are shown fundamental timing differences between the gyre dynamics, nuancing classical views of a simple meridional overturning cell.
Water Scarcity under Various Socio-economic Pathways and its Potential Effects on Food Production in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , Tang Qiuhong , Liu Xingcai , Zhang Xuejun
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Increasing population and socio-economic development have put great pressure on water resources of the Yellow River (YR) basin. The anticipated climate and socio-economic changes may further increase water stress. Many studies have investigated the changes in renewable water resources under various climate change scenarios but few have considered the joint pressure from both climate change and socio-economic development. In this study, we assess water scarcity under various socio-economic pathways with an emphasis on the impact of water scarcity on food production. The water demands in the 21st century are estimated based on the newly developed Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and the renewable water supply is obtained from the climate projections under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The assessment predicts that the renewable water resources and domestic water demand are projected to first increase and then decrease, while the industrial water demand is projected to rapidly increase in the basin during the 21st century. The water demands will put the middle and lower reaches in conditions of severe water scarcity beginning in the next a few decades (during 1990s–2040s). The industrial water demand is the main contributing factors to water scarcity. The irrigation water demand is another important contributing factor under SSP3. If more than 10 % of the renewable water resources are used to sustain ecosystems, a portion of irrigated land would have to be converted to rain-fed agriculture which would lead to a 9–38 % reduction in food production. This study highlights the links between water, food and ecosystems in a changing environment and suggests that trade-offs should be considered when developing regional adaptation strategies.
World Christianities: Transcontinental Connections
Authors: Phan Peter C.
Published: April 2016

Reflecting on this special issue, this article relates the work of the Munich School to current scholarship in the study of world Christianity. Its approach reminds us to not only focus on recent developments and transformations such as the rise of Pentecostalism but also include the history of world Christianity from its early beginnings. Calling us to equally take into account the history of Christianity’s polycentricity, this approach encourages us to look for multidirectional transcontinental interactions and early instances of South–South links. Thus, following the Munich School we should not examine the history of world Christianity in separate geographic entities in isolation but continuously look for transregional and transcontinental interactions and forms of exchange. Taking this into account will contribute profoundly to the much-needed new maps of a future history of world Christianity.
Composición y estructura florística en fragmentos de bosques en los municipios de Yuscarán, Oropolí y Güinope, Departamento de El Paraíso, Honduras, C.A.
Authors: Mejía Ordóñez Thelma María
Published: April 2016

En el Área Protegida “Reserva Biológica Yuscarán” los ecosistemas presentan una alta fragmentación quedando pocos fragmentos de su vegetación original. El objetivo fue determinar la composición y estructura florística en 5 fragmentos. Las mediciones se realizaron entre junio-agosto de 2011, en parcelas de 20 X 50m y 20 X 20m. Se registró todos los individuos con DAP ≥ 2.5 cm. Se calculó la densidad, dominancia, Índice de Diversidad. Se registró un total de 1339 individuos ≥ 2.5 cm de DAP, que representan 104 especies de 48 Familias y 81 Géneros. La abundancia y número de especies fue mayor en El Cerro Las Lechuzas. La Familia más numerosa fue la Fabaceae (leguminosas) con 19 especies. Las especies con mayor índice de valor de importancia fueron Pinus oocarpa, Pinus maximinoii, Mirospermum frutescen. Se registró un individuo con 90 cm de DAP de la especie endémica Ilex williamsii, en el Cerro El Zapotillo. Se registró 4 especies de preocupación especial Quercus bomelioides, Vitex gaumeri, Persea schiedeana y Guaiacum sanctum. El presente estudio es uno de los primeros en el área y se concluye que alberga una alta diversidad y que probablemente existen otras especies que falta registrar.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol.6(1) 2013, 6-22
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 9, No. 5
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: April 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 9, No. 5, 2016
Transarterial Radioembolization: A New Selection to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Haipeng , Guo Zhi , Liu Changfu , Si Tonguo , Yang Xueling , Zhang Weihao , Xu Yan , Li Yong
Published: April 2016

With the development of the material science, the clinical application of stable nuclide microspheres has become a hot spot of endovascular treatment of liver cancer in last 10 years. Transarterial radioembolization came to be a new selection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. The characteristics of the radioactive microsphere determine obvious different between TARE and TACE. For early HCC, TARE as the degradation treatment or transition treatment waiting for liver transplantation.For advanced HCC, TARE as the treatment of unresectable advanced hepatocellular cancer. TARE as the rescue treatment of recurrence after liver resection. TARE as a treatment of HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus. How to make more patients in Asia countries such as China benefit, the optimization of treatment, indications of therapy, radioactive microsphere local production, health economics studies, all needed to further research.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Vol. 6, No. 1
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: April 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2016