bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QRFP43 modulates the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in female sheep
Authors: Przybył Bartosz Jarosław , Szlis Michał , Misztal Anna , Wójcik-Gładysz Anna
Published: January 2025

Since the early discovery of QRFP43, intensive research has been primarily focused on its role in the modulation of food intake. As is widely recognised, the regulation of the body’s energy status is a highly complex process involving numerous systems, hormones and neurotransmitters. Among the most important regulators of energy status, alongside the satiety and hunger centre located in the hypothalamus, is the HPT axis, which directly and indirectly affects the regulation of metabolism in all cells of the body. Therefore, it seems highly important to conduct studies aimed at elucidating how QRFP43 may impact the secretory activity of the HPT axis. The objective of this work was to investigate the role of QRFP43 in modulating HPT axis activity in sheep. The study examined mRNA and peptide expression of TRH and TSH in the hypothalamus and pituitary, as well as plasma concentrations of TSH, free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3). Moreover, the relationship between QRFP34 and mRNA expression of the Dio1, Dio2, and Dio3 genes was explored in selected tissues of the HPT axis. The animals (n = 48) were randomly divided into three experimental groups: a control group receiving an ICV infusion of Ringer-Locke solution, and two experimental groups receiving ICV infusions of QRFP43 at doses of 10 and 50 µg per day. Four 50-minute ICV infusions were administered to all sheep at 30 min intervals each of three consecutive days. Hypothalamic, pituitary and thyroid glands were collected and preserved for further immunohistochemical and molecular biological analyses. Additionally, blood samples were collected during the experiment for subsequent RIA determinations. In summary, the results of the experiment have indicated that QRFP43 modulates the secretory activity of the HPT axis at all organisational levels. Moreover, QRFP43 can alter the mRNA expression profiles of DIO1, DIO2 and DIO3 in HPT tissues, leading to discrete changes in the metabolism of the cells studied and their response to signals transmitted by T4 and T3.
Field evidence of flocculated sediments on a coastal algal reef
Authors: Huang Zhi-Cheng , Hsu Tian-Jian , Ly Trung Nguyen
Published: January 2025

Flocculation of sediments is crucial for morphodynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and ecological processes in aquatic environments. Here we present field evidence that bio-cohesion primarily drives the flocculation of suspended sediments on a coastal algal reef. Results from concurrent measurements of sediment mass and volume concentrations, along with Reynolds stress, reveal unexpected trends, and the data deviate from the classic Rouse formula when non-cohesive sediment is assumed. Direct estimates of particle effective density show a dependence on mean particle diameter, with a fractal dimension of 2.18. The reduced effective density (or settling velocity) and low fractal dimension are typical of flocs containing lower-density saltwater and organic materials. Additionally, organic content negatively correlates with effective density and positively correlates with the mean particle diameter, confirming that bio-cohesion drives the observed flocculation. These results provide quantitative evidence that organic matter promotes macrofloc formation and floc size growth in a reef environment.
Breaking biases and building momentum for transforming agricultural research for development practices: recommendations and research opportunities
Authors: McGuire Erin , Ewell Hanna , Bailey Arwen , Leñero Eva Marina Valencia , Luu Thi Thu Giang , Sylvester Janelle Marie , Al-Zu’bi Maha , Liani Millicent L. , Kabirigi Michel
Published: January 2025

Ongoing food system inequalities and pressures on planetary boundaries requires a paradigm shift among agricultural research for development (AR4D) actors to produce effective innovation for sustainable environmental and social outcomes. Building on insights from Agricultural Innovation System literature and recognizing the influence of personal and systemic biases within AR4D, the following recommendations address upstream challenges, interdisciplinary collaboration, emphasize outcome-driven scaling, adaptive project implementation, and integrate critical considerations for social differentiation.
The integrated stress response drives MET oncogene overexpression in cancers
Authors: Cerqua Marina , Foiani Marco , Boccaccio Carla , Comoglio Paolo M , Altintas Dogus M
Published: January 2025

Cancer cells rely on invasive growth to survive in a hostile microenvironment; this growth is characterised by interconnected processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration. A master regulator of these events is the MET oncogene, which is overexpressed in the majority of cancers; however, since mutations in the MET oncogene are seen only rarely in cancers and are relatively infrequent, the mechanisms that cause this widespread MET overexpression remain obscure. Here, we show that the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) of MET mRNA harbours two functional stress-responsive elements, conferring translational regulation by the integrated stress response (ISR), regulated by phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) at serine 52. ISR activation by serum starvation, leucine deprivation, hypoxia, irradiation, thapsigargin or gemcitabine is followed by MET protein overexpression. We mechanistically link MET translation to the ISR by (i) mutation of the two uORFs within the MET 5’UTR, (ii) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of eIF2α (S52A), or (iii) the application of ISR pathway inhibitors. All of these interventions reduce stress-induced MET overexpression. Finally, we show that blocking stress-induced MET translation blunts MET-dependent invasive growth. These findings indicate that upregulation of the MET oncogene is a functional requirement linking integrated stress response to cancer progression.
In situ formed CuSn alloy from multivariate metal–organic frameworks for tunable CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Li Xuheng , Qin Chen , Wang Chunli , Pan Fuping , Chen Kai-Jie
Published: January 2025

A molecule-level ligand separation method based on multivariate metal–organic frameworks is developed to synthesize CuSn alloy for tuning the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction.
Ring strain governs transmetalation behaviour at a tucked-in iron complex
Authors: Durfy Connor S. , Huang Michelle , Zurakowski Joseph A. , Boyle Paul D. , Drover Marcus W.
Published: January 2025

Studies that independently investigate [M]–C transmetalation reactions using two different metals are uncommon and yet understanding this reactivity is important to unlocking new synthetic approaches and product classes.
The mechanism of action of indole-3-propionic acid on bone metabolism
Authors: Xu Huimin , Luo Yingzhe , An Yi , Wu Xi
Published: January 2025

IPA binds to AhR and PXR receptors, regulating bone metabolic disorders.
Visible-light-induced 1,3-difunctionalization of allylboronic esters enabled by a 1,2-boron shift
Authors: Xiang Panjie , Sun Kai , Shi Anzai , An Jiangzhen , Chen Xiaolan , Qu Lingbo , Yu Bing
Published: January 2025

A novel visible-light-induced strategy has been developed for 1,2-boron migration to achieve 1,3-difunctionalization of allylboronic esters using vinyl triflates as bifunctional reagents.
Lazertinib: breaking the mold of third-generation EGFR inhibitors
Authors: Patel Kishan B. , Heppner David E.
Published: January 2025

Small molecules targeting activating mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are efficacious anticancer agents, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Recent achievements in noble metal-based oxide electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Wang Feng , Xiao Linfeng , Jiang Yuwei , Liu Xijun , Zhao Xue , Kong Qingquan , Abdukayum Abdukader , Hu Guangzhi
Published: January 2025

Noble metal-based oxide electrocatalysts are essential for the development of H2 production technology by water electrolysis, and this review summarises the recent research progress of noble metal oxides in the field of water electrolysis.
Porous polymers: structure, fabrication and application
Authors: Liu Qingxian , Xiong Jinkui , Lin Wengui , Liu Jinlong , Wan Yongbiao , Guo Chuan Fei , Wang Quan , Liu Zhiguang
Published: January 2025

This review systematically examines the structural features, fabrication techniques, and applications of porous polymers, as well as their interrelationships, to serve as a guide for researchers.
Structural relaxation chirality transfer enhanced circularly polarized luminescence in heteronuclear CeIII–MnII complexes
Authors: Liu Huanyu , Yu Gang , Huo Peihao , Guo Ruoyao , Li Yujia , Qi Hao , Zheng Jiayin , Jin Tong , Zhao Zifeng , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

A new mechanism of structural relaxation chirality transfer was proposed to address the amplified circularly polarized luminescence in CeIII–MnII complexes.
Biocomposites of 2D layered materials
Authors: Vural Mert , Demirel Melik C.
Published: January 2025

Molecular composites, such as bone and nacre, are everywhere in nature and play crucial roles, ranging from self-defense to carbon sequestration.
2D monolayer electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction
Authors: An Xuemin , Yang Deren
Published: January 2025

Through bridging the gap between 2D material and single-atom material, 2D monolayer materials exhibit great potential in CO2RR due to their unique structural/electronic properties, high atom utilization and low mass transfer resistance.
Transition-metal-free C(sp3)–C(sp2) couplings with secondary alcohols and boronic acids via neighboring group activation
Authors: Yang Xingxing , Pan Yourong , Ren Cheng , Hu Chengrui , Wan Feng , Duan Hongliang , Li Chengxi
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a mild, transition-metal-free method for the C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling of alkenyl boronic acids with secondary alcohols through neighboring group activation, enabling the efficient synthesis of valuable ortho-allylphenols.
Trace cobalt-inserted platinum lattice gap to enable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Jie , Song Shilong , Chen Zhanwei , Zhang Bo , Guo Yuyu , Guo Ying , Zhang Hepeng
Published: January 2025

Co inserted Pt lattice gap catalyst was constructed and it showed excellent ORR/OER electrocatalytic performances. The interactions between Pt and ORR/OER intermediates were stabilized and the rate-determining step energy barriers were reduced.
Serendipitous decametre detection of ultra steep spectrum radio emission in Abell 655
Authors: Groeneveld C. , van Weeren R. J. , Botteon A. , Cassano R. , de Gasperin F. , Osinga E. , Brunetti G. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: January 2025

Some galaxy clusters contain non-thermal synchrotron emitting plasma that permeate the intracluster medium (ICM). The spectral properties of this radio emission are not well characterised at decametre wavelengths (ν < 30 MHz), primarily due to the severe corrupting effects of the ionosphere. Using a recently developed calibration strategy, we present LOFAR images below 30 MHz of the low-mass galaxy cluster Abell 655, which was serendipitously detected in an observation of the bright calibrator 3C 196. We combine this observation with LOFAR data at 144 MHz and new band 4 upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations centred at 650 MHz. In the 15–30 MHz LOFAR image, diffuse emission is seen with a physical extent of about 700 kpc. We argue that the diffuse emission detected in this galaxy cluster likely has multiple origins. At higher frequencies (650 MHz), the diffuse emission resembles a radio halo, while at lower frequencies the emission seems to consist of several components and bar-like structures. This detection of diffuse emission suggests that most low-frequency emission in this cluster comes from re-energised fossil plasma from old Active Galacitic Nucleus outbursts co-existing with the radio halo component. By counting the number of cluster radio detections in the decametre band, we estimate that around a quarter of the Planck clusters host re-energised fossil plasma that is detectable in the decametre band with LOFAR.
“Trying to Grab Pieces of Hope”: Exploring the Experiences of Black and Hispanic Parents following a Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Rent Sharla , Poon Kwai Tei Candy Chan , Sooy-Mossey Meredith , Weeks Mary Frances , Roberts James C. , Douglas Dakota , Ellestad Sarah , Lemmon Monica E. , Hill Kevin , Windom McAllister
Published: January 2025

Objective Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an important contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD exist across racial and ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to share the experiences of Hispanic and Black families with CHD to better understand their needs.

Study Design This was a descriptive qualitative study involving two 2-part focus groups, one conducted in English and one in Spanish, consisting of parents of infants with CHD. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via a conventional content analysis approach.

Results Six family members participated, representing a range of cardiac diagnoses. Two participants cited their identity as non-Hispanic Black and four as Hispanic. Three organizing themes emerged related to (1) communication, (2) psychosocial needs and processing, and (3) practical challenges associated with having a child with CHD. Together, these organizing themes supported a singular global theme: structural and socioemotional gaps in care exist for families of infants with CHD that need to be met in order to optimize care for patients and families.

Conclusion Societal and systems-level factors, including structural inequities, contribute to the care gaps experienced by racial and ethnic minority families of children with CHD.

Key Points
Theoretical analysis of incomplete ionization on the electrical behavior of radial p-n junction structures
Authors: Abdullayev J. Sh. , Sapaev I. B. , Juraev Kh. N.
Published: January 2025

In this work, we studied the electrical behavior of radial p-n junctions based on submicron Silicon (Si) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) structures, with a focus on the implications of incomplete ionization of atoms below 800 K. By solving the Poisson equation in a cylindrical coordinate system, we derived solutions for radial structures with a core radius of R = 0.5 μm. An analytical solution was obtained, providing the probability of ionization P(T) of dopant atoms in the range 0–800 K, as well as the variation of space charge density ρ(T), with temperature.
Optimization of the metal-dielectric metasurface unit cell for sensitivity enhancement in determination of IgG concentration in solutions
Authors: Kuznetsova K. S. , Pashynska V. A. , Eremenko Z. E.
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on developing a metal-dielectric sensor structure with optimized unit cell geometry for the determination of protein Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in aqueous solutions. The research combines both experimental and theoretical investigations, utilizing the differential microwave dielectrometry method and numerical modeling with COMSOL software. Complex permittivity (CP) values dependence of IgG water solutions on the protein concentration was experimentally obtained at the microwaves using a microwave dielectrometer setup developed by our group. It was shown that increase of IgG concentration resulted in the decrease of CP values of the solutions studied. The experimentally obtained CP data for the IgG water solutions were used as a basis for microwave metal-dielectric metasurface unit cell numerical modeling. The metal-dielectric metasurface (consisting of two layers of Teflon and plane copper microresonators) was combined with a standard 96-well microplate used in clinical laboratories. Optimization of the obtained metasurface unit cell revealed that the size and position of the copper microresonators within the unit cell significantly impact the sensor sensitivity for determining the IgG concentration. The metasurface with the unit cell containing four copper microresonators provided the most sensitive platform for detecting variations in the IgG level in the sample. The frequency shift of the reflection coefficient was directly related to changes in the protein concentration that occurred due to the decrease in the CP values of the water-protein solution with increased protein concentration. The calibration graph was developed, and the sensitivity of the sensor structure was evaluated for effective determination of IgG concentrations in the aqueous solutions.
Spectral characteristics of three-particle ionic molecular system of the exotic carbon atom in one-dimensional space
Authors: Haysak A. I. , Haysak M. I.
Published: January 2025

Results of calculations of the spectral characteristics for three-particle molecular ions of the carbon atom (C6+e±C6+¯) are presented. Calculations for these systems were carried out within the framework of a nonrelativistic quantum-mechanical model for the problem of three bodies interacting according to Coulomb’s law. The received data allow us to assume the existence of molecular carbon ions, and the applied mathematical approach can be used in performing calculations for other atomic and molecular systems.
Optical frequency combs for optical fiber communications
Authors: Oxenløwe Leif Katsuo
Published: January 2025

Optical frequency combs are analyzed in the context of using them for carrying data in optical fiber communication systems. Combs are analyzed for their data-carrying capacity, i.e., for how much data they can carry, in massively multiplexed systems, and for their transmission reach capabilities, i.e., for how long cables they would be useful sources. The challenge is their limited output power and, hence, the need for amplification, which limits the initial signal-to-noise ratio and, hence, the data capacity they can support. It is shown that currently, available comb sources can individually support multiple Pbit/s in short multiplexed links and also support ultra-long-haul reach with performance on par with using high-quality individual lasers. This means that, provided a number of practical solutions for matching and tuning combs, as well as replacing broken comb sources swiftly, are developed, amplified optical frequency combs could perform very well as replacements for banks of individual lasers in optical networks.
Stretching and immobilizing a single DNA molecule on a glass surface using pressure flow in a microchannel for super-resolution imaging
Authors: Azuma Naoki , Suzuki Ryotaro , Fukuzawa Kenji , Itoh Shintaro , Zhang Hedong
Published: January 2025

Single-DNA analysis combines fluorescence microscopy with a method of stretching a single DNA molecule from its random coil shape to a linear shape. Although super-resolution imaging methods can be used for analyzing the DNA with a higher lateral resolution, these methods require several seconds to minutes to obtain a super-resolution image of the entire DNA molecule. Therefore, immobilizing the stretched DNA molecules on the substrate surface is essential for preventing the decrease in the lateral resolution caused by thermal fluctuations of the molecule. Previous studies utilized a method to use super-resolution imaging methods, in which a DNA molecule can be stretched by the surface tension of the air–liquid interface and immobilized on a glass surface treated with a silane coupling agent. However, achieving control over the stretch ratio of the DNA molecule poses challenges because of the difficulty in accurately adjusting the surface tension. In this study, we used the combination of stretching DNA molecules using pressure flow in a microchannel and immobilizing them on a glass surface treated with a silane coupling agent. Our results indicated that this method enabled the control of the stretch ratio of the molecule by adjusting the flow velocity and the super-resolution imaging while reducing thermal fluctuation by immobilizing the molecule on the surface. Combining the method with the super-resolution imaging method enables the analysis of single DNA molecules with higher accuracy.
Nonlinear effects associated with Alfvén ion cyclotron wave, and turbulence generation in presence of magnetic islands in solar wind plasmas
Authors: Ritu  , Jyoti  , Sharma Suresh C. , Sharma R. P.
Published: January 2025

In order to comprehend particle acceleration and transit in interplanetary space, nonlinear processes are of great importance. One process contributing to the heating of the plasmas might be the ponderomotive nonlinearity and magnetic islands that causes the localization of the parallel propagating left-handed circularly polarized dispersive Alfvén wave having a finite frequency. This study investigates the impact of nonlinearity on the creation of localized structures and current sheets formation in solar wind. Pseudo-spectral method and finite difference method with modified predictor-corrector approach are the mathematical models used for spatial integration and temporal integration, respectively, for studying the evolution of left-handed circularly polarized dispersive Alfvén wave. The findings of current study show that the nonlinearity in the system and the presence of magnetic islands are responsible for chaotic structures and turbulent state. Furthermore, to refine the physics behind the localization and current sheets formation the semi-analytical model has been used. The localized structures and current sheets obtained have the scale size of the order of ion inertial length.
Stem cell mechanoadaptation. II. Microtubule stabilization and substrate compliance effects on cytoskeletal remodeling
Authors: Putra Vina D. L. , Kilian Kristopher A. , Knothe Tate Melissa L.
Published: January 2025

Stem cells adapt to their local mechanical environment by rearranging their cytoskeleton, which underpins the evolution of their shape and fate as well as the emergence of tissue structure and function. Here, in the second part of a two-part experimental series, we aimed to elucidate spatiotemporal cytoskeletal remodeling and resulting changes in morphology and mechanical properties of cells and their nuclei. Akin to mechanical testing of the most basic living and adapting unit of life, i.e., the cell, in situ in model tissue templates, we probed native and microtubule-stabilized (via Paclitaxel, PAX, exposure) stem cells' cytoskeletal adaptation capacity on substrates of increasing compliance (exerting local tension on cells) and with increased target seeding densities (exerting local compression on cells). On 10 and 100 kPa gels, cells seeded at 5000 cells/cm2 and cells proliferated to 15 000 cells/cm2 exhibited bulk moduli that nearly matched those of their respective substrates; hence, they exhibited a greater increase in Young's Modulus after microtubule stabilization than cells cultured on glass. Culture on compliant substrates also reduced microtubule-stabilized cells' F-actin, and microtubule concentration increases compared to cells seeded on glass. On gels, F-actin alignment decreased as more randomly oriented, short actin crosslinks were observed, representing emergent adaptation to the compliant substrate, mediated through myosin II contractility. We conclude that stem cell adaptation to compliant substrates facilitates the accommodation of larger loads from the PAX-stabilized polymerizing microtubule, which, in turn, exerts a larger effect in determining cells' capacity to stiffen and remodel the cytoskeleton. Taken as a whole, these studies establish correlations between cytoskeleton and physical and mechanical parameters of stem cells. Hence, the studies progress our understanding of the dynamic cytoskeleton as well as shape changes in cells and their nuclei, culminating in emergent tissue development and healing.
A review on the development of large-scale detonation-driven shock tunnels and the application in hypersonic flow tests
Authors: Hu Zongmin , Wang Wenhao , Zhang Zijian
Published: January 2025

With the boom in deep space exploration by China since the beginning of the 21st century, the demand for high-enthalpy hypersonic shock tunnels has continued to increase. In this paper, three types of shock tunnels using free-piston, heated light-gas, and detonation drivers, respectively, are briefly summarized and compared. The development of large-scale hypersonic shock tunnels running in both backward and forward detonation driver modes is described in detail. A series of applications to hypersonic flow tests with engineering-scale test models demonstrate the success and advantages of this kind of shock tunnels. The challenges that arise in the operation of hypersonic tunnels are stressed, as are the requirements for precise measurement techniques in the harsh testing environments existing in these tunnels. A new approach for the development of next-generation detonation-driven high-enthalpy shock tunnels is recommended to address these challenges.
Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using metallic solution-based goji berry extract for their antibacterial properties
Authors: Jamali Abdul Rauf , Khan Waseem , Khan Salahuddin , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Alam Kamran
Published: January 2025

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using green nanotechnology has gained enormous attention due to their extensive range of antibacterial applications such as in the food packaging industry. In this study, Ag-NPs were successfully synthesized using Goji Berry (a fruit of wolfberry) extract. The basic aim of this study is to analyze the antibacterial response of Ag-NPs in gelatin scaffolds. Positively, the reducing agents that are already present in the Goji Berry extract behave as capping and stabilizing agents, so there is no need to add additional constituents from outside. This was then followed by the characterization of samples. The crystallinity of Ag-NPs was determined by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) that revealed the FCC structure of the sample. The formation of silver particles was confirmed by Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of Ag-NPs was found to be almost spherical, which was determined by a transmission electron microscope and showed spherical particles having an average diameter of 22 nm. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of hydrocarbon groups bonded with Ag-NPs. The antibacterial properties of samples were analyzed by the gram-positive disk diffusion method. It was enhanced when Ag-NPs concentration in gelatin scaffolds increased, thereby producing an 18 mm zone of inhibition.
Study on chemical mechanism of processing silicon by PMMA in water
Authors: Guo Jianli , Egawa Satoru , Motoyama Hiroto , Mimura Hidekazu
Published: January 2025

In a previous study, an eco-friendly planarization method for glass and silicon was proposed, utilizing the chemical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in water. Atomically flat, defect-free glass and silicon surfaces were observed using atomic force microscopy, indicating that the underlying processing phenomenon is based on chemical reactions. To date, PMMA remains the only material capable of achieving such surface flattening in water. Understanding the chemical processing mechanism is crucial for improving processing conditions and identifying other suitable polymer materials. In this study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and XPS were employed to analyze both the PMMA and the processed silicon surfaces. Based on various observations, we concluded that the O = C–O–C groups on the PMMA surface undergo hydrolysis during processing in water, leading to their rupture. This rupture creates active sites on the PMMA surface, which promote the formation of C–O–Si bonds between the PMMA and the silicon surface, facilitating the removal of silicon atoms.
Identification of paramagnetic species in silver-doped barium–germanium–gallium glass exposed to electron irradiation
Authors: Alassani Fouad , Petit Yannick , Cardinal Thierry , Ollier Nadège
Published: January 2025

Ionizing irradiation was performed on barium–germanium–gallium (BGG) glasses using a 2.5 MeV electron beam. Through electron spin resonance spectroscopy, paramagnetic point defects, such as germanium- and gallium-related electron and hole trap centers, have been identified. The presence of silver in the BGG glass appears to hinder the stability of these defects at lower energy doses (104 Gy), with silver becoming the main trapping center. At higher energy doses (106 Gy), the glass undergoes structural modifications, hindering the trapping process of silver ions. Additionally, we evidence the importance of alkaline elements such as potassium and sodium on silver ions trapped centers’ formation.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry of epitaxially stressed ferroelectric films
Authors: Nepomniashchaia N. , Pacherova O. , Kocourek T. , Dejneka A. , Tyunina M.
Published: January 2025

Explicit knowledge of the optical properties of epitaxial perovskite oxide ferroelectric thin films is crucial for photonic applications and fundamental understanding of such films. Accurate assessment of these properties is difficult because of the presence of substrate and substrate-imposed stress, as well as small thicknesses of the films. Here, we explore capabilities of spectroscopic ellipsometry to establish the optical NIR–VIS–VUV dielectric function in epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films (thicknesses from 15 to 100 nm) subjected to substrate-imposed in-plane compression. The experimentally acquired data were processed assuming films which are either optically homogeneous or gradually varying out-of-plane, or containing two distinct phases. The obtained results were evaluated considering mathematical accuracy of the models and physical relevance of the extracted dielectric functions. It is shown that homogeneous approximation is valid for films with thicknesses of 15 and 100 nm. The homogeneous approximation is unsuitable, whereas the others are marginally acceptable, for films with thicknesses of 30 and 50 nm. The results are discussed in terms of substrate-induced inhomogeneous stress. The demonstrated approach can be useful for ellipsometric investigations of many other epitaxial films of ferroelectrics and related materials.
Pressure distribution characteristics in pump chamber and axial force optimization of reactor coolant pump
Authors: Chen Huazheng , Liu Xiangsong , Li Huairui , Zhu Rongsheng , Fu Qiang , Lu Yonggang
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to analyze the causes and mechanisms of axial force generation in the nuclear reactor coolant pump (RCP) through experimental and numerical simulation methods, so as to investigate the hydraulic design methods to reduce the axial force. The axial force of the RCP model and the pressure values at the monitoring points of the pump chamber were obtained through model experiments, and the flow visualization was constructed using numerical simulation methods. It is found that the outer-side force Fo has the greatest influence on the axial force, the essence of which is the pressure of the liquid in the front and rear pump chambers on the shroud and the hub of the impeller, and the size of the pressure increases with the increase in the radius, and is related to the impeller outlet pressure. By adjusting the combination of impeller exit angles, the impact on axial force was investigated. It was found that reducing the exit angle near the hub can significantly lower the fluid pressure in the rear pump chamber, thereby reducing the axial force acting on the impeller, while maintaining the hydraulic performance of the pump unchanged. The conclusions of this study can serve as a reference for improving the operational safety and service life of RCPs.
Wafer bow in diamond heteroepitaxy: Causes, their analytical description, and viable solutions
Authors: Schreck Matthias , Peter Theodor
Published: January 2025

Wafer bow is of considerable technological relevance for virtually all semiconductor materials grown by heteroepitaxy. In the case of diamond, the reported curvature values are exceptionally large for synthesis by plasma chemical vapor deposition on oxide substrates. In contrast to the usual explanation by differences in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs), the present analysis reveals that the CTE α of the substrate combined with its thermal conductivity λ controls the radius of the surface on which the diamond layer will grow. The ratio λ/α represents a figure of merit for the choice of favorable substrates facilitating maximum flatness. Calculated radii under typical process conditions fit with literature reports. Bow values exceeding these predictions significantly are attributed to the formation of intrinsic stress in diamond according to the effective climb of dislocations mechanism. Stress profiles inside of thick diamond layers after the removal of the substrate are calculated based on this mechanism taking into consideration the experimentally observed decrease in the dislocation density. They predict compressive stress in the center and tensile stress at the nucleation as well as at the growth surface in accordance with literature reports and Raman measurements. High intrinsic stress in the growing film can heavily deform the growth substrate provided that the deposition temperature is above its brittle/ductile transition. In all cases, deformation caused by extrinsic stress occurring during cooldown is =apparently of minor relevance. Two alternative strategies for the achievement of flat wafers are presented.
Spatiotemporal correlation of wall pressure fluctuations generated in scramjet inlet
Authors: Zhao Xiaojian , Hu Guotun , Xie Xinhui , Yan Chunhui , Ning Ronghui
Published: January 2025

Wall pressure fluctuations in the scramjet inlet are a significant aerodynamic load that requires special consideration in aircraft structural design. This study focuses on understanding the physical essence behind these pressure fluctuations by conducting wind tunnel measurements to analyze their time-frequency and spatiotemporal correlation characteristics. The working condition of the scramjet inlet is assessed based on the observed wall pressure fluctuations. A relatively accurate disturbance velocity is calculated by using the phase-array technique and a statistical algorithm, which indicates that the two dominant oscillations responsible for the unsteady flow and significant pressure fluctuations in the unstarted inlet should correspond to the acoustic mode, as their propagation speed is equivalent to the speed of sound. Wall pressure fluctuations in time-space domain reveals the second oscillation originating from to the first oscillation at the inlet lip. A spatiotemporal correlation analysis is conducted to investigate the generation mechanism of wall pressure fluctuations by examining the direction of energy flow on both temporal and spatial scales. The started inlet is primarily influenced by localized random fluctuations, while the un-started inlet is predominantly affected by the overflow-induced acoustic modes.
Experimental and numerical investigation on leakage flow, bristle deflections, and oscillation characteristics of brush seals
Authors: Zhu Peng , Liu Yuxin , Kong Xiaozhi , Yue Benzhuang , Chen Hua , Liu Cunliang
Published: January 2025

The objective of this research is to delve into the leakage, deflection, and oscillation characteristics of brush seals. To achieve this, the flow characteristics of a brush seal were first analyzed through numerical simulation. Subsequently, a static brush seal test rig was utilized to measure the leakage performance and hysteresis characteristics of brush seals with varying geometric structures under pressure ratios ranging from 1.1 to 3.8. The deflections of bristle during operation were observed using an endoscope, and dynamic pressure sensors were employed to collect data on the airflow dynamic pressure in the free end area of bristles, facilitating the analysis of bristle oscillation characteristics. The results indicated that considering the parameters of this study, the leakage increases with the rise in pressure ratio and radial gap. The long front plate configuration was found to contribute to an increase in leakage. Specifically, under the three radial gap conditions of 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mm, the maximum leakage difference between brush seals with and without the front plate configuration was 4.9%, 4.6%, and 2.6%, respectively. The increase in radial gap and the existence of the front plate were observed to diminish the hysteresis effect of brush seals. At a pressure ratio of π = 2.0, the hysteresis indicator H for structures with a radial gap of 0.2 and 0.1 mm decreased by 45.5% and 63.6%, respectively, compared to the 0 mm gap structure. The existence of the front plate resulted in a 33.3% reduction in H compared to its absence. Additionally, an increase in pressure ratio and radial gap was correlated with an increase in brush oscillation frequency. Under identical pressure ratio conditions, brush seals with the front plate also exhibited higher brush oscillation frequencies than those without.
Inverse energy cascade in turbulent Taylor–Couette flows
Authors: Zhou Changquan , Dou Hua-Shu , Niu Lin , Xu Wenqian
Published: January 2025

The inverse energy cascade in turbulent Taylor–Couette flow is studied in line with the results of the large eddy simulation. The simulation results show that the inverse energy cascade first occurs within the core region of the flow channel of the Taylor–Couette flow at higher Reynolds numbers. It is uncovered that this phenomenon is induced by the pulsed zero shear stress resulting from the singularities of the Navier–Stokes equation. In the core area between the two cylinders, the shear stress is nearly zero at higher Reynolds numbers. The turbulence generated there has high turbulent energy due to discontinuity of the tangential velocity. Since the energy transfer between the fluid layers is inhibited due to the low shear stress, the turbulent energy cannot be transferred along the radial direction, and small-scale vortices with high turbulent energy are produced. These small-scale vortices are located with the large-scale vortices and cannot be dissipated owing to low shear stress. A peak in the energy spectrum at the middle frequency (or wave number) is formed due to the concentration of the small-scale vortices. As the number of the singular points of the Navier–Stokes equation increases with the increasing Reynolds number, the region with zero shear stress expands along the radial direction, intensifying nonlinear instability and energy accumulation. This, in turn, leads to more prominent peaks in the energy spectrum, resulting in a more pronounced inverse energy cascade.
Individualized temporal patterns drive human sleep spindle timing
Authors: Chen Shuqiang , He Mingjian , Brown Ritchie E. , Eden Uri T. , Prerau Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Sleep spindles are cortical electrical oscillations considered critical for memory consolidation and sleep stability. The timing and pattern of sleep spindles are likely to be important in driving synaptic plasticity during sleep as well as preventing disruption of sleep by sensory and internal stimuli. However, the relative importance of factors such as sleep depth, cortical up/down-state, and temporal clustering in governing sleep spindle dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze sleep data from 1,025 participants, statistically modeling the simultaneous influences of multiple factors on moment-to-moment spindle production using a point process-generalized linear model framework. Results reveal fingerprint-like timing patterns, characterized by a refractory period followed by a period of increased spindle activity, which are highly individualized yet consistent night-to-night, with increased variability with age. Strikingly, short-term (<15 s) temporal patterns of past spindle history are the main determinant of spindle timing, accounting for over 70% of the statistical deviance—surpassing the contribution of factors such as cortical up/down-state (slow oscillation phase), sleep depth, and long-term history (15 to 90 s, including ~50 s infraslow activity). Short-term history has a statistically significant influence in over 98% of the population, suggesting it is a near-universal feature of spindle activity. Short-term history and slow oscillation phase exert independent effects on spindle timing. Our results establish a robust statistical framework to examine abnormalities in sleep spindle timing observed in neurological disorders and aging, as well as the relationship between individualized sleep spindle timing, cognition, and sleep stability.
The single-stranded DNA–binding factor SUB1/PC4 alleviates replication stress at telomeres and is a vulnerability of ALT cancer cells
Authors: Dubois Jean-Christophe , Bonnell Erin , Filion Amélie , Frion Julie , Zimmer Samuel , Riaz Khan Muhammad , Teplitz Gabriela M. , Casimir Lisa , Méthot Élie , Marois Isabelle , Idrissou Mouhamed , Jacques Pierre-Étienne , Wellinger Raymund J. , Maréchal Alexandre
Published: January 2025

To achieve replicative immortality, cancer cells must activate telomere maintenance mechanisms. In 10 to 15% of cancers, this is enabled by recombination-based alternative lengthening of telomeres pathways (ALT). ALT cells display several hallmarks including heterogeneous telomere length, extrachromosomal telomeric repeats, and ALT-associated PML bodies. ALT cells also have high telomeric replication stress (RS) enhanced by fork-stalling structures (R-loops and G4s) and altered chromatin states. In ALT cells, telomeric RS promotes telomere elongation but above a certain threshold becomes detrimental to cell survival. Manipulating RS at telomeres has thus been proposed as a therapeutic strategy against ALT cancers. Through analysis of genome-wide CRISPR fitness screens, we identified ALT-specific vulnerabilities and describe here our characterization of the roles of SUB1, a ssDNA-binding protein, in telomere stability. SUB1 depletion increases RS at ALT telomeres, profoundly impairing ALT cell growth without impacting telomerase-positive cells. During RS, SUB1 is recruited to stalled forks and ALT telomeres via its ssDNA-binding domain. This recruitment is potentiated by RPA depletion, suggesting that these factors may compete for ssDNA. The viability of ALT cells and their resilience toward RS also requires ssDNA binding by SUB1. SUB1 depletion accelerates cell death induced by FANCM depletion, triggering unsustainable levels of telomeric damage in ALT cells. Finally, combining SUB1 depletion with RS-inducing drugs rapidly induces replication catastrophe in ALT cells. Altogether, our work identifies SUB1 as an ALT susceptibility with roles in the mitigation of RS at ALT telomeres and suggests advanced therapeutic strategies for a host of still poorly managed cancers.
Reporting the others’ speech, uncovering China’s world dream
Authors: Mei Zhaoyang Sharon
Published: January 2025

It has been over ten years since the Chinese Dream was proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2012. This study investigates the representations of the Chinese Dream
in The New York Times (hereafter NYT) from the perspective of speech reporting. The analysis shows that four
types of sources are favored: the political elites from the Chinese government, ordinary Chinese citizens, western scholars, and
Chinese news agencies. Government officials’ speech is quoted to expose the global ambition of the
Chinese-Dream-associated policies or practices, while stories from the ordinary Chinese provide contradictory
evidence. Scholars’ speech is to warn audiences of the Chinese government’s global aspirations masked by the Chinese
Dream. The reports and practices of Chinese news agencies are labeled propaganda to strangle potential discursive
competition. In effect, all converge to strengthen and validate China’s world dream representation.
From social awareness to authoritarian other
Authors: McCurdy Patrick , Clarke Kaitlin , Cammaerts Bart
Published: January 2025

This study examines the evolution of (anti)woke discourse in debates within the Canadian House of Commons from
2019 to 2023, analyzing how “conceptual flipsiding” and moral panic operate to transform democratic language into tools of
illiberal politics. Our critical discourse analysis of Hansard transcripts identifies three key themes: the semantic shift of woke
from social awareness to authoritarianism, the strategic redefinition of woke by Conservative MPs — led by party leader Pierre
Poilievre — to construct a moral panic around an anti-Canadian ideological Other, and inadequate attempts by MPs from other
parties to challenge this negative framing. We argue that the discursive weaponization of woke demonstrates how political actors
appropriate and invert democratic language to advance illiberal agendas while maintaining democratic legitimacy. This Canadian
case illuminates broader patterns in how democratic language is manipulated across national contexts while revealing how
ineffective counter-frames can inadvertently legitimize anti-democratic action within democratic institutions.
“A massive field of action”
Authors: Gunnarsson Payne Jenny
Published: January 2025

Since the publication of Laclau’s and Mouffe’s Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, issues related to
gender and discourse have been a recurring yet not central theme in discourse theory (DT). Not only are the authors’ formulation
of an anti-essentialist theory of hegemony explicitly influenced by feminist theoretical debates, but also much subsequent work
has engaged with feminist theory. In Mouffe’s more recent work on left populism, however, references to feminist theory and
politics are almost entirely absent — while at the same time issues of gender, reproduction and sexuality have become increasingly
central to politics both in many national contexts and geopolitically. Against this background, this article argues that it is
today urgent for DT to re-engage with feminist theory — not least in relation to issues of anti-essentialism — and to revive the
exchange between the two theoretical fields, focusing especially on issues related to the specificities of bodily materiality.
Discourse Theory and Strategic Communication
Authors: Jacobs Thomas
Published: January 2025

This contribution explores the nexus between Discourse Theory and Strategic Communication. Traditional positivist
and rationalist approaches to business, economics, politics, and management often marginalize strategic communication as merely
instrumental; whereas discursive approaches, and Discourse Theory in particular, recognize its constitutive role in shaping social
realities. This contribution therefore argues for the development of a discourse-theoretical approach to Strategic Communication,
highlighting its potential to offer new insights and understandings. It first examines existing uses of the notion of discourse in
Strategic Communication, before discussing Discourse Theory’s potential added value to its study. Next, it emphasizes the
importance of Discourse Theory scholars engaging with Strategic Communication topics. Finally, two examples contrasting
non-discursive and discourse-theoretical approaches are presented, focusing respectively on populism and authenticity in corporate
marketing campaigns. Overall, this paper advocates for a deeper integration of Discourse Theory within the study of Strategic
Communication.