bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le rapport à l’Écriture chez Joseph Moingt
Authors: Gisel Pierre
Published: January 2022

La question du rapport à l’Écriture condense celle du rapport entre l’histoire et le théologique. C’est central chez Moingt, et il y marque sans relâche la rupture d’ordre entre l’historique et le théologique, ce qui ne va pas sans tensions avec certaines manières de pratiquer ou de valider l’exégèse historico-critique. L’article suit cet axe de questionnement dans divers textes de Moingt, de la fin des années 1960 à la fin des années 2010. Il se penche ensuite sur la question du Jésus de l’histoire, qui vaut ici test, avant d’en venir au moment de la narrativité dont Moingt a souligné l’importance, pour ouvrir sur ce qui en est entraîné quant à la manière de penser la théologie, avec un accent mis sur un « acte de croire » transversal aux données de l’humain et du monde.
Pour une concitoyenneté évangélique
Authors: Gallez Jean-Pol
Published: January 2022

L’ecclésiologie de communion figure parmi les avancées majeures du concile Vatican II. La situation présente de l’Église suggère que ce concept n’a pas bénéficié des concrétisations structurelles qu’il appelait. Moingt propose une double intuition, d’une part qui lie fermement la qualité de la communication entre l’Église et le monde au type de relation que les chrétiens entretiennent entre eux et, d’autre part, qui commande une réinterprétation de la Révélation beaucoup plus attentive à l’originalité indépassable du don de l’Esprit.
« Déploiement de la Trinité » comme Protohistoire dans l’œuvre de Joseph Moingt
Authors: Holzer Vincent
Published: January 2022

Dans son opus magnum , Dieu qui vient à l’homme , Joseph Moingt poursuit les tâches de l’heuristique trinitaire telle qu’elle s’est déployée dans l’histoire de la théologie. Cette orientation fondamentale va bien au-delà d’une archéologie du croire. Elle prend la forme d’un projet de théologie systématique dont les orientations et les thèses constituent l’une des contributions les plus novatrices de la théologie trinitaire contemporaine. Le caractère novateur de l’entreprise est dépendant de la nouvelle intelligibilité qui marque l’usage du concept d’Incarnation relié à une protohistoire et à une nouvelle configuration du concept de prédestination. La complexité de cette construction théologique fait l’objet d’une analyse critique.
Entre désenchantement et monde magique
Authors: Greco Walter
Published: January 2022

Comme effet secondaire de la pandémie actuelle, nous nous trouvons à vivre une crise de l’approche rationnelle au monde. La recherche effrénée d’une solution pour sortir du confinement forcé, et l’amputation de toutes les formes caractéristiques de socialité qui en découlent, engendrent de nouvelles formes de marginalité et d’exclusion sociale. En outre, la surexposition médiatique de chercheurs et d’experts jusqu’alors inconnus rendent le phénomène pandémique très semblable à une série de représentations au contenu magique, démontrant toutes les faiblesses du discours scientifique, remplacé par une suite de prédictions monotones qui, sans trouver une solution réelle, reviennent toujours au même point de départ.
Citoyenneté en urgence : pauvreté, inégalités sociales et revenu minimum pendant la pandémie en Italie. Notes sur le débat public et institutionnel
Authors: Chiodo Emanuela
Published: January 2022

L’augmentation de la pauvreté et des inégalités est l’un des impacts les plus évidents de la crise économique et sociale liée à la pandémie de Covid-19. Comme jamais auparavant, la pauvreté montre son caractère de processus social complexe dans lequel experts, politiciens, acteurs sociaux et récits dominants interagissent pour produire des significations et des horizons institutionnels du risque, en créant des catégories qui décrivent et prescrivent en même temps. Si l’urgence pandémique n’a fait que rendre plus visibles toutes les limites et les contradictions de la lutte à la pauvreté dans le pays, le débat public et institutionnel en Italie semble encore se focaliser sur la recherche du statut des pauvres, de "quels pauvres" reconnaître, quels pauvres admettre ou exclure du public des bénéficiaires des interventions. L’article aborde les dispositifs de revenu minimum et les discours qui ont accompagné leur adoption/remodelage pendant la pandémie selon une perspective sociologique qui lit la pauvreté comme une catégorie pour la représentation et pour l’action (Autès, 2000).
L’invasion des “contamineurs” : l’impact du Covid-19 dans la rhétorique anti-migrants en Italie
Authors: Elia Anna , Fedele Valentina
Published: January 2022

L’essai s’attarde sur la narration anti-migrants dans le contexte de la pandémie de Covid-19, en particulier en Italie, à travers l’analyse d’articles publiés sur la version en ligne de deux journaux nationaux parmi les plus lus, entre février 2019 et mars 2021. Cette analyse tente de montrer l’impact, durant ce laps de temps, des pratiques liées à l’urgence sanitaire, notamment la distanciation sociale et le confinement, sur le processus d’altérisation des migrants. Ces derniers en particulier, mobiles à un moment où l’immobilité est générale, lorsqu’ils traversent les frontières, sont dépeints comme une menace physique, sanitaire mais aussi symbolique car ils ne s’adapteraient pas aux valeurs présumées d’une société en crise. Cet essai s’intéresse ensuite de manière particulière aux titres associant coronavirus et migrations, et tente de mettre en évidence les articulations rhétoriques et les références discursives se rattachant plus ou moins aux précédentes rhétoriques anti-migrations.
Soutenir les mineurs étrangers non accompagnés pendant le Covid 19 : un aperçu sur le rôle des tuteurs, des associations et des institutions en Italie
Authors: Montesanti Lucia , Veltri Francesca
Published: January 2022

L’essai analyse la condition des mineurs étrangers non accompagnés en Italie pendant la pandémie de Covid 19, en examinant en particulier comment les restrictions ont affecté les processus de socialisation auxquels les mineurs étrangers non accompagnés sont confrontés dans la société d’arrivée. Une attention particulière a été portée aux domaines les plus touchés (école et entrée dans le monde du travail) mettant en évidence les stratégies d’adaptation mises en œuvre par les mineurs, les tuteurs et les associations, face à cette condition d’émergence.
Le pouvoir d’agir des personnes en situation de vulnérabilité : un nouveau paradigme à partir duquel le travail social peut se réinventer ?
Authors: Demoustier Séverine
Published: January 2022

Face aux aspirations de liberté et d’émancipation des personnes, dans un contexte politique qui les promeuvent, les formes nouvelles que peut prendre le travail social, comme ses outils, sont à investiguer. Le pouvoir d’agir (ou l’empowerment), à travers la possibilité conférée à une personne d’être actrice de sa vie, semble être le socle sur lequel il pourrait se réinventer. L’article propose de s’appuyer sur les origines de l’empowerment, et de sa traduction francophone en pouvoir d’agir, comme sur les théories dans lesquelles il puise, pour en comprendre les ressorts, les intérêts et limites pour le travail social. Les débats dont fait l’objet cette notion seront ensuite présentés.
Dualité morale dans la gestion de la déviance juvénile au Sénégal : entre référentiel institutionnel et morale du sens commun
Authors: Diack Safietou
Published: January 2022

Cet article aborde la façon dont les intervenants sociaux auprès des enfants de la rue au Sénégal mobilisent deux univers normatifs dans le cadre de leur intervention. Ces acteurs se réfèrent d’une part à la Convention internationale relative aux droits de l’enfant et d’autre part à ce que nous désignons comme une « morale du sens commun » qui prescrit les obligations de l’individu par rapport au groupe social. En s’intéressant aux normes auxquelles les praticiens de la prise en charge des enfants de la rue se réfèrent dans leurs pratiques, cet article interroge l’adéquation du seul usage des référentiels institutionnels dans l’intervention sociale au Sénégal.
Différenciation et hybridation dans les logiques de protection des mineur·es au civil et au pénal
Authors: Bugnon Géraldine , Vernay Olivia
Published: January 2022

Le champ des politiques de l’enfance et de la jeunesse est historiquement le théâtre d’une hybridation entre logique éducative, punitive et thérapeutique, qui met en scène une pluralité d’actrices et d’acteurs œuvrant dans la sphère administrative, judiciaire civile et judiciaire pénale. Cet article interroge ces hybridations en prenant pour matériau deux dossiers personnels de mineur.es concerné·es à la fois par une intervention civile et pénale, à 50 ans d’intervalle (1960-2010) en Suisse romande. L’analyse de ces deux trajectoires permet de mettre en lumière les mécanismes à l’œuvre lors des transitions entre les sphères civile et pénale, ainsi que les controverses entre les professionnel.les mais aussi entre l’État et les familles concernées. En conclusion, nous soulignons les mutations mais aussi les continuités historiques qui traversent le champ de régulation des déviances parentales et juvéniles.
Emotional Intelligence Instruments Used in Health Care Education
Authors: Pienimaa Anne , Haavisto Elina , Talman Kirsi
Published: January 2022

Background:

This article aims to describe the content and the psychometric properties of emotional intelligence instruments used in health care education and to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and study success.

Method:

Six electronic databases were searched in spring 2020. Two researchers participated in the selection and quality assessment of the articles. Ultimately, 26 articles were included in the review.

Results:

From the included articles, 18 emotional intelligence instruments were identified. The content of the instruments focused on perception of emotions, understanding of emotions, emotional expression, managing emotions, using emotions, and social awareness and relations. In most of the studies, emotional intelligence was related to study success.

Conclusion:

The assessment of several important components of emotional intelligence was identified. Comprehensive assessment using the emotional intelligence total score seemed to be the best predictor of study success.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(1):6–11.]
Three-Year Nursing PhD Model Recommendations from the RWJF Future of Nursing Scholars
Authors: Rosa William E. , Hartley Kim , Hassmiller Susan B. , Frisch Stephanie O. , Bennett Stephanie G. , Breen Katherine , Goldberg Jessica I. , Koschmann Kara S. , Missel Amanda L. , de Campos Amisha Parekh , Pho Anthony T. , Rausch Jamie , Schlak Amelia E. , Shook Alic , Tierney Meghan K. , Umberfield Elizabeth , Fairman Julie A.
Published: January 2022

Background:

In response to the 2011
Future of Nursing
report, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation created the Future of Nursing Scholars (FNS) Program in partnership with select schools of nursing to increase the number of PhD-prepared nurses using a 3-year curriculum.

Method:

A group of scholars and FNS administrative leaders reflect on lessons learned for stakeholders planning to pursue a 3-year PhD model using personal experiences and extant literature.

Results:

Several factors should be considered prior to engaging in a 3-year PhD timeline, including mentorship, data collection approaches, methodological choices, and the need to balance multiple personal and professional loyalties. Considerations, strategies, and recommendations are provided for schools of nursing, faculty, mentors, and students.

Conclusion:

The recommendations provided add to a growing body of knowledge that will create a foundation for understanding what factors constitute “success” for both PhD programs and students.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(1):19–28.]
E-Learning and Blended-Learning Program in Wound Care for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Bobbink Paul , Teixeira Celina Marques , Charbonneau Lucie , Chabal Laurent , Guex Carole , Probst Sebastian
Published: January 2022

Background:

Due to an increasing number of undergraduate students in a Bachelor of Nursing Science program, the existing teaching modalities in wound care were shifted into blended- and e-learning units. The aim is to present the development and implementation of a blended- and e-learning wound care curriculum in an actual nursing program.

Method:

The development of the blended- and e-learning units is based on literature reviews and expert discussions. The process was guided by the learning outcomes defined by the European Wound Management Association. The implementation was planned for 3 years.

Results:

All 14 learning units were developed and implemented using 12 blended and two e-learning units. Flipped classrooms using asynchronous e-learnings and workshops with clinical wound care specialists were used for blended learning.

Conclusion:

Blended and e-learning are valuable modalities to provide flexibility and deliver learning units based on the latest evidence. The effectiveness of this curriculum needs to be investigated.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(1):53–57.]
Flexible ku/k band frequency reconfigurable bandpass filter
Authors: Navya Ambati. ,   Department of ECE, KLEF, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, Immadi Govardhani. , Venkata Narayana Madhavareddy.
Published: January 2022

The proposed reconfigurable BPF satisfies the International Telecommunication Unionos (ITU) region 3 spectrum requirement. In transmit mode, the frequency range 11.41-12.92 GHz is used by the direct broadcast service (DBS) and the fixed satellite service (FSS). Direct broadcast service (DBS) in reception mode employs 11.7-12.2 GHz and 17.3-17.8 GHz frequency ranges. Frequency reconfigurable filters are popular because they can cover wide range of frequencies, reducing system cost and space. Another emerging trend is electronic component flexibility or conformability, which allows them to be mounted on non-planar objects and are used in wearable applications. This project contains a frequency-reconfigurable BPF that has been entirely printed on a flexible polimide substrate. Frequency reconfigurability is obtained by using a pin diode HSCH 5318 and it is used to switch between 12 GHz and 18 GHz. The prototype reconfigurable BPF is highly compact and low-cost due to the flexible polimide substrate and the measured results are promising and match the simulated results well.
PBDiff: Neural network based program-wide diffing method for binaries
Authors: Yu Lu ,   College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230007, China, Lu Yuliang , Shen Yi , Zhao Jun , Zhao Jiazhen ,   Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Situation Awareness and Evaluation, Hefei 230007, China
Published: January 2022

Program-wide binary code diffing is widely used in the binary analysis field, such as vulnerability detection. Mature tools, including BinDiff and TurboDiff, make program-wide diffing using rigorous comparison basis that varies across versions, optimization levels and architectures, leading to a relatively inaccurate comparison result. In this paper, we propose a program-wide binary diffing method based on neural network model that can make diffing across versions, optimization levels and architectures. We analyze the target comparison files in four different granularities, and implement the diffing by both top down process and bottom up process according to the granularities. The top down process aims to narrow the comparison scope, selecting the candidate functions that are likely to be similar according to the call relationship. Neural network model is applied in the bottom up process to vectorize the semantic features of candidate functions into matrices, and calculate the similarity score to obtain the corresponding relationship between functions to be compared. The bottom up process improves the comparison accuracy, while the top down process guarantees efficiency. We have implemented a prototype PBDiff and verified its better performance compared with state-of-the-art BinDiff, Asm2vec and TurboDiff. The effectiveness of PBDiff is further illustrated through the case study of diffing and vulnerability detection in real-world firmware files.
Global dynamics for a Filippov system with media effects
Authors: Dong Cunjuan ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China, Xiang Changcheng , Qin Wenjin , Yang Yi ,   School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Yunnan Minzu University, Yunnan 650031, China,   College of Computer Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, China
Published: January 2022

In the process of spreading infectious diseases, the media accelerates the dissemination of information, and people have a deeper understanding of the disease, which will significantly change their behavior and reduce the disease transmission; it is very beneficial for people to prevent and control diseases effectively. We propose a Filippov epidemic model with nonlinear incidence to describe media's influence in the epidemic transmission process. Our proposed model extends existing models by introducing a threshold strategy to describe the effects of media coverage once the number of infected individuals exceeds a threshold. Meanwhile, we perform the stability of the equilibriua, boundary equilibrium bifurcation, and global dynamics. The system shows complex dynamical behaviors and eventually stabilizes at the equilibrium points of the subsystem or pseudo equilibrium. In addition, numerical simulation results show that choosing appropriate thresholds and control intensity can stop infectious disease outbreaks, and media coverage can reduce the burden of disease outbreaks and shorten the duration of disease eruptions.
Large deviations for a binary collision model: energy evaporation
Authors: Basile Giada ,   Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza' P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, Benedetto Dario , Caglioti Emanuele , Bertini Lorenzo
Published: January 2022

We analyze the large deviations for a discrete energy Kac-like walk. In particular, we exhibit a path, with probability exponentially small in the number of particles, that looses energy.
Oil quality characterization of the Arauco variety from the main olive growing areas of Mendoza (Argentina)
Authors: Banco A.P. , Puertas C.M. , Trentacoste E.R. , Monasterio R.P.
Published: January 2022

‘Arauco’ forms part of the over two thousand olives (Olea europaea L.) varieties identified worldwide with the peculiarity of being the only recognized variety from Argentina. In this work, the fruit and oil characteristics from the ‘Arauco’ variety cultivated in the three main olive growing zones of Mendoza province (Argentina) were evaluated over two harvests (2016 and 2017). The characteristics assessed were oil and water concentrations, pulp/pit ratio, industrial yield, oxidative stability, fatty acid profile, total phenols and total flavonoids, among others. The results showed relatively high oleic acid and phenolic contents, together with low acidity and extinction coefficients (K232 and K270), as well as a well-balanced fatty acid profile. In addition, three interesting relationships among oxidative stability and ratios of monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids (R2=0.96), oleic/linoleic (R2=0.96) and stearic acid (R2=0.93) were observed. These results showed that the ‘Arauco’ variety cultivated in Mendoza provides excellent oil quality.
¿Adiós a los activistas todoterreno? Un análisis de conglomerados del activismo de partido en España
Authors: Correa Patricia , Rodríguez-Teruel Juan , Barberà Oscar
Published: January 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar diferentes modos de participación entre los miembros más activos dentro de los partidos políticos y explorar las razones detrás de esta variación. Las investigaciones previas se han centrado en la posición jerárquica de los miembros según su vinculación a la organización, para explicar diferentes tipos de activismo. Sin embargo, se ha prestado menos atención a la variación horizontal entre los activistas del partido. Nuestro estudio emplea datos de encuestas de delegados que asistieron a conferencias de partidos españoles entre 2008 y 2017 y realiza un análisis de conglomerados para identificar la presencia de diferentes tipos de activistas. Además, empleamos una regresión logística multinomial para identificar los factores explicativos de la existencia de los cuatro tipos de activistas identificados en los diferentes conglomerados (los activistas típicos de partidos de masas, los activistas comprometidos, los activistas de campaña y los activistas animadores). Nuestros resultados muestran que tanto los factores individuales (nivel socioeconómico y diferentes tipos de incentivos) como los factores partidistas (edad del partido, acceso a instituciones, penetración territorial) son relevantes para explicar la variación en el activismo partidista.
Lost in translation? Lo que los trabajos etnográficos nos dicen de los partidos políticos: una revision crítica de la literatura francesa
Authors: Bachelot Carole
Published: January 2022

En la extensa literatura sobre los partidos políticos, el método etnográfico parece ser escasamente utilizado. Desde el trabajo pionero de Michels, que en cierta medida se basaba (aunque implícitamente) en la «observación participante», este enfoque sufrió un largo eclipse en la literatura anglosajona. Hoy en día, la investigación internacional favorece la confrontación de grandes conjuntos de datos, ya sean relativos a la afiliación, los líderes, las características de las reformas organizativas o los contenidos programáticos. El reciente florecimiento de una «etnografía política» (Auyero, Joseph y Mahler 2007
Microhabitat Associations for the Threatened Cheat Mountain Salamander in Relation to Early-Stage Red Spruce Restoration Areas
Authors: Brown Donald J. , Rucker Lacy E. , Johnson Catherine , Jones Shane , Pauley Thomas K.
Published: January 2022

The Central Appalachian Spruce Restoration Initiative was formed to promote restoration of red spruce Picea rubens forests in Central Appalachia. One goal of the initiative is to increase availability and enhance quality of habitat for wildlife, including the threatened Cheat Mountain salamander Plethodon nettingi. The purpose of this research was to compare microhabitat characteristics between an occupied Cheat Mountain salamander site and early-stage spruce restoration sites, and between four occupied sites and proximal nondetection sites. We found that soil pH was higher and soil moisture was lower at spruce restoration sites compared with the occupied site, and that light intensity, subcanopy air temperature, and ground-level air temperature were higher in spruce restoration sites with reduced canopy cover. We found that soil moisture was higher at occupied sites compared with proximal nondetection sites, but soil pH was not significantly different. Our study suggests that Cheat Mountain salamanders are associated with low soil pH and high soil moisture, and thus spruce restoration could enhance habitat quality for this species in the long-term.
Food Intake Vision-Based Recognition System via Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Support Vector Machine for Persons With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Al-Anssari Haitham Asaad , Abdel-Qader Ikhlas , Mickus Maureen
Published: January 2022

Due to cognitive decline, individuals with Alzheimer’s often suffer from malnutrition, forgetting to eat, even if food is presented. Therefore, assistance with feeding is needed. In this paper a vision-based system for monitoring of eating patterns is presented. Upper Body Region (UBR) is detected using Viola-Jones method, a histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) is generated for feature extraction, and a support vector machine (SVM) is used to distinguish eating versus non-eating. To reduce false positive results, Haar-like features are used to detect hands while moving between served food and mouth within the identified upper body region (UBR). A combined template image (CTI) method is proposed in this work to eliminate false positive hand detections where 30 hand eating posture images have been selected and combined into one template image. Matching implemented using CTI is 2.86 times faster than matching the subject to the 30 images separately. Experimental simulation used 33 videos of 163840 frames indicates that the proposed method achieves a high accuracy of 90.65%.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Model for Monitoring Hypertension Risk
Authors: Egejuru Ngozi Chidozie , Ogunlade Oluwadare , Idowu Peter Adebayo , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi
Published: January 2022

This study presented a model to classify risk of hypertension using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). In order to develop the model cardiologists from teaching hospitals in Nigeria were interviewed so as to identify required variables for classification. Structured questionnaires were used to elicit information about the risk factors and the associated risk of hypertension from respondents. The MATLAB ANFIS Toolbox was used to simulate the model. The result of this study revealed that there were 33 main variables identified for monitoring hypertension risk and they were in line with the WHO/ISH classification standard. The result showed that majority of the patients selected had very high risk (57.0%) of hypertension which consisted more than 50% of the patients selected followed by 19% representing patients with high risk of hypertension, followed by patients with medium risk of hypertension. In conclusion, the model assist healthcare professionals to have accurate diagnosis, early detection and proper management of hypertension.
The influence of incentives on community health worker motivation in the provision of family planning. A case of Msalala and Shinyanga Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Kok Maryse , Lucas Scholastica , Otege Josiah , Mkwazu Zando , Zuleta Ingrid , Smet Eefje , Ngalesoni Frida
Published: January 2022

Community health workers (CHWs) are essential in the provision of a wide range of services, including family planning. In Tanzania, deployment of CHWs has largely been supported by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who often determine their incentives. A mix of incentives is required to increase CHW motivation and, ultimately, performance. This qualitative study aimed to explore how incentives influence CHW motivation in the provision of family planning services in Msalala and Shinyanga districts. The study included focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 21 CHWs, 12 supervisors and eight policy makers and NGO representatives. Transcripts were coded and narratives were written on types of incentives, motivating and demotivating factors. The study revealed that although CHW motivation was related to feelings of accomplishment and respect from the community, financial incentives were found equally important for motivation. While most CHWs received non-financial incentives, CHWs had unequal access to financial incentives. Key informants confirmed that there was no coordination on incentives at district level. Some CHWs reported demotivation because of misconceptions and unacceptance of family planning in the community and irregular supply of contraceptives. Results from this study show that motivation of voluntary CHWs in Msalala and Shinyanga districts is currently sub-optimal, because of inequity in access to (financial) incentives. There is a need for better coordination and standardization of CHW incentives. Advocacy is needed to increase funding for CHWs’ deployment and remuneration. This would increase CHW motimotivation and ultimately performance, also in the field of family planning.
The contribution of reduced COVID-19 test time in controlling the spread of the disease: A simulation-based approach
Authors: Frichi Youness , Kacem Abderrahmane B. , Jawab Fouad , Boutahari Said , Kamach Oualid , Chafik Samir
Published: January 2022

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 has known a large spread over the globe threatening human health. Recommendations from WHO and specialists insist on testing on a mass scale. However, health systems do not have enough resources. The current process requires the isolation of testees in the hospitals’ isolation rooms for several hours until the test results are revealed, limiting hospitals’ capacities to test large numbers of cases. The aim of this paper was to estimate the impact of reducing the COVID-19 test time on controlling the pandemic spread, through increasing hospitals’ capacities to test on a mass scale. First, a discrete-event simulation was used to model and simulate the COVID-19 testing process in Morocco. Second, a mathematical model was developed to demonstrate the effect of accurate identification of infected cases on controlling the disease’s spread. Simulation results showed that hospitals’ testing capacities could be increased six times if the test duration fell from 10 hours to 10 minutes. The reduction of test time would increase testing capacities, which help to identify all the infected cases. In contrast, the simulation results indicated that if the infected population is not accurately identified and no precautionary measures are taken, the virus will continue to spread until it reaches the total population. Reducing test time is a vital component of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential for the effective implementation of policies to contain the virus.
Development of the first edition of African treatment guidelines for common bacterial infections and syndromes
Authors: Craig Jessica , Frost Isabel , Sriram Aditi , Nuttall James , Kapoor Geetanjali , Alimi Yewande , Varma Jay
Published: January 2022

Standard treatment guidelines (STGs) are an important tool for ensuring high quality clinical care and prudent antimicrobial use (AMU) and stewardship (AMS). In 2018, African Union (AU) member state representatives recognized the lack of STGs as a barrier to AMS at national and facility levels. Previous research reported that only 17 of 55 (31%) member states had STGs that provided disease- or pathogen-specific antimicrobial treatment recommendations, excluding those that covered only treatment of HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis). The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention convened expert panels to develop first edition antibiotic treatment guidelines for priority infectious diseases and clinical syndromes for pediatric and adult patient populations in Africa. The purpose of the guidelines is to provide healthcare workers with treatment guidance by harmonising existing national STGs, filling gaps where existing STGs are not available, and serving as a model for future guidelines. Two expert panels of 28 total clinicians, pharmacists, and other relevant stakeholders from 14 AU member states representing each continental region convened to develop consensus treatment recommendations for select priority bacterial infections and clinical syndromes. In developing recommendations, the panels considered treatment recommendations from existing STGs, drug availability, clinical experience, and available antimicrobial resistance data. The guidelines underwent an external review process where clinical stakeholders who did not serve on either panel were invited to submit feedback prior to their publication. The guidelines provide empiric antibiotic therapy guidelines – including drug selection, route of administration, formulation, dosage, and therapy duration – and principles of stewardship for 28 bacterial infections or clinical syndromes. The first edition guidelines for the treatment of common infectious diseases and clinical syndromes in Africa aims to improve clinical treatment and antimicrobial stewardship and will serve as a template for future regional guidelines.
First report on the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in fruit bats from India
Authors: Dhanze Himani , Karikalan M , Mehta Deepa , Gupta Megha , Mote Akash , Kumar M Suman , Pawde A M
Published: January 2022

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito borne viral zoonotic disease and JE virus (JEV) is responsible for causing several children deaths every year in India. Since 1978, cases of JE have been reported from Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh state annually. The knowledge on the role played by wildlife reservoirs in the sylvatic transmission and maintenance of JE virus remains limited. Bats are reservoir hosts for several emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens but their role in zoonotic cycle of JEV has not been elucidated yet. In Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, 52 fruit bats were found dead on 26 May 2020. The post-mortem report of the bat samples conducted at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute stated that the bats died due to brain hemorrhage, caused by excessive heat. The brain tissue samples of the bats were subjected to investigation using molecular techniques to determine the presence of JEV. The present work reports for the first time the detection of JEV in brain samples of bats from India. The viral load ranging from 8 to 18 copies/reaction was detected in brain samples by TaqMan real Time RT-PCR. The low viral load might be the reason for the absence of apparent clinical signs in bats and suggests the probable role of fruit bats in maintaining the JEV in nature.
A COVID-19 family cluster with retinitis pigmentosa and hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Alshukairi Abeer N. , Aldabbagh Yasser A. , Sayes Najla M. , Al Gethamy Manal M. , Alghamdi Mohammed G. , Rahbeeni Zuhair A. , Dada Ashraf
Published: January 2022

Hypogammaglobulinemia is a heterogeneous group of innate and acquired antibody deficiency with variable disease severity, recurrent pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. The outcome of COVID in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia is variable depending on age, comorbidities, type of immunodeficiency, and use of immunoglobulins. We report the favorable outcome of two family members diagnosed with DNAJC17-related retinitis pigmentosa and hypogammaglobulinemia syndrome and infected with SARS-CoV-2 following contact with their mother who had COVID-19. We describe the different immune dysfunction in these patients and their impact on the course and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Long-term COVID-19 effects on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and health status
Authors: Magdy Doaa M , Metwally Ahmed , Tawab Doaa Abdel , Hassan Shimaa Abaas , Makboul Marwa , Farghaly Shimaa
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

The long-term effects of respiratory function and related physiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors have not yet been studied in depth.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life among COVID-19 survivors.

METHODS:

Eighty-five survivors with confirmed COVID-19 were evaluated at the end of 3 and 6 months after disease onset. The assessment included lung function, diffusing capacity, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and health status by the 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire.

RESULTS:

Totally 85 survivors, 48 (56.5%) were men. The mean (standard deviation) age was 34.6 (9.9) years. Thirteen patients (15.2%) had medical co-morbidities the mean length of hospitalization was 18.5 (5.6) days. 25 (29.4%) required intensive care unit admission, whereas 6 (7%) of them required invasive mechanical ventilation. No significant differences were observed between lung volume parameters. At 6 months, there was a significant reduction in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), P = 0.02*. 25 (29.4%) of patients had impaired DLCO ≤80% predicted. Regarding 6MWD, a significant increase was noted in 6MWD from 486 ± 72 m at 3 months to 526 ± 82 m at 6 months (P = 0.001*). The 6MWD was lower than that for normal controls of the same age groups. There was significant impairment of health status assessed by SF-36 questionnaire among COVID-19 survivors at 6 months as compared with controls of the same age groups. There were significant positive correlations between lung function parameters (FVC, VC, FEV1, and DlCO) with several SF-36 domains.

CONCLUSION:

In discharged survivors with COVID-19, 23.5% had significant impairment of diffusion capacity abnormality of lung function. The exercise capacity and health status were considerably lower than that of a normal population after 6 months postinfection.
Pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma and metabolism
Authors: Halligan Katharine E. , Kulandaimanuvel Antony Michealraj , Cruz Andrea , Felker James T. , Daniels Craig , Taylor Michael D. , Agnihotri Sameer
Published: January 2022

Ependymomas are a lethal central nervous system (CNS) tumor found in both adults and children. Recent efforts have focused on risk stratification by classifying the molecular variants of CNS ependymoma. Despite this increased knowledge of molecular drivers, much less is known about the metabolism of these subgroups. Disruption of cellular metabolism can drive the transition of normal neuronal cells to tumor cells. A shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism as the primary energy source is a hallmark of cancer, promoting cancer cell proliferation, and avoidance of cellular apoptotic cues. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge regarding metabolism in ependymoma cells compared to normal brain cells and the implications of metabolic changes with regard to tumorigenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and possible targets for treatment.
Retrospective analysis of visual acuity and final refraction after phacoemulsification surgery with intra- or postoperative complications
Authors: Baccega Augusto Terra , Patrus Bianca Prado , Neves Gustavo Lustosa , Pedrosa Casagrande Beatriz Aguiar , De Andrade Sobrinho Marcelo Vicente
Published: January 2022

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of complications intra- and postoperative (until the 30th day) of phacoemulsification surgery performed by residents of the third year, and its implications on final refraction and best-corrected visual acuity (VA), compared to those who did not exhibit any complication.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of 300 medical records of patients who had their surgeries performed from January 2019 to February 2020 by the same three third-year residents. Fifty medical records were excluded. Initial VA logarithm of the minimum resolution angle and final VA with the best correction were analyzed, comparing whether there was a correlation with the presence of complications.

Results:

Of the 250 medical records analyzed, 29 (11.6%) presented complications during the intraoperative period, been posterior capsule rupture the mean one. The mean VA of patients without complications was 0.13 ± 0.17 (0.00–1.00) compared to 0.29 ± 0.28 (0.00–1.00) for those who had complications. The spherical equivalent of those without complications was −0.87 ± 0.98 (−4.38–2.00) compared to −1.19 ± 1.14 (−3.75–0.50) of the that had.

Conclusion:

As shown in this study, the percentage of complications is compatible with those found in the literature, also exhibits that surgeries with complications do imply in worst VA. However, when compared among themselves, before and after surgery, there was a significant improvement in the VA even in patients with complications.
Local-level spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in the Greater Seoul Area, Korea: a view from a Bayesian perspective
Authors: Lym Youngbin , Lym Hyobin , Kim Ki-Jung
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to enhance the understanding of the local-level spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in the Greater Seoul Area (GSA), Korea, after its initial outbreak in January 2020.METHODS: Using the weekly aggregates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases of 77 municipalities in the GSA, we examined the relative risks of COVID-19 infection across local districts over 50 consecutive weeks in 2020. To this end, we employed a spatiotemporal generalized linear mixed model under the hierarchical Bayesian framework. This allowed us to empirically examine the random effects of spatial alignments, temporal autocorrelation, and spatiotemporal interaction, along with fixed effects. Specifically, we utilized the conditional autoregressive and the weakly informative penalized complexity priors for hyperparameters of the random effects.RESULTS: Spatiotemporal interaction dominated the overall variability of random influences, followed by spatial correlation, whereas the temporal correlation appeared to be small. Considering these findings, we present dynamic changes in the spread of COVID-19 across local municipalities in the GSA as well as regions at elevated risk for further policy intervention.CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of this study can contribute to advancing our understanding of the local-level COVID-19 spread dynamics within densely populated regions in Korea throughout 2020 from a different perspective, and will contribute to the development of regional safety planning against infectious diseases.
Endophytic fungi associated with four endemic wild coffee species (Mascarocoffea) in Madagascar
Authors: Zananirina A.J. , Iacomi B.M. , Rakoto-Ranoromalala D.A.D. , Ratsizafy I. , Razakatiana A.T.E. , Andrianandrasana M.D. , Baohanta R.H. , Rakotoarimanga N. , Randriambanona H. , Ramanankierana H.
Published: January 2022

Mascarocoffea are wild coffee plants endemic to Madagascar. These plants produce diverse, often specific biomolecules that are not found in cultivated coffee plants. Production of these compounds could be due to interactions between the endophytes and the host plant. Few studies have been carried out on the richness and diversity of microorganisms associated with these coffee plants. The objective of this study was to identify endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of species of Mascarocoffea by morphological and molecular methods. Fifteen taxa were morphologically identified among the 30 isolated. These included Phyllosticta sp., Colletotrichum sp., Daldinia sp., Diaporthe sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp.01, Fusarium sp. 02, Fusarium sp. 03, Monilinia sp., Trichoderma sp., Alternaria sp, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp. and Nigrospora sp. The phylum Ascomycota was the most represented, with 14 taxa and 1 taxon (Rhizopus sp.) belonging to the phylum of Zygomycota. Molecular characterisation confirmed of the identity of these 15 taxa and those of the morphologically Unidentified (NI) mycotaxa including Colletotrichum karstii, Colletotrichum siamense, Neofusicoccum parvum, Colletotrichum siamense, Punctularia strigosozonata, Stemphylium solani, Phoma multirostrata, Calophoma complonata, Daldinia vanderguchtiae, Phoma exigua and Boremia exigua. This study allowed us to identify the endophytic fungi isolated from Mascarocoffea leaves from Madagascar.
Weather variability in derived savannah and rainforest agroecologies in Nigeria: Implications for crop yields and food security
Authors: Akano O.I. , Oluwasemire K.O. , Modirwa M.S. , Aminu O.O. , Oderinde F.O. , Oladele O.I.
Published: January 2022

Weather variability and its effects on agricultural and food systems are burgeoning global concerns. This study examined the effects of weather variability in the derived savannah and rainforest agroecologies, on crop yields in Southwest Nigeria, and what it portends for food and nutrition security in the region. The trends in the distribution of rainfall and temperature were analysed using the Sens method. The effects of weather variability on crop yield and inferences on what it portends for food security were determined using a stepwise regression model. The results revealed that rainfall fluctuations decreased the yields of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and yam (Dioscorea spp.) in the derived savannah; while a decrease in temperature may support improved yields for maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The increase in yields of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) would be hampered by increasing maximum temperatures in the rainforest agroecology. Increasing rainfall and temperature would impact warmer conditions that support rapid crop putrefaction, flooding, droughts, challenging postharvest crop management, pest and disease proliferation, and ultimately, reduced crop yields. On the other hand, perpetually low rainfall and temperature conditions will cause poor seedling emergence and growth, seed and total crop loss. It is, therefore, imperative that effective climate adaptation and mitigation mechanisms be put in place across the agroecologies in the region.
Problematyka zespołu archiwalnego w podręcznikach archiwalnych w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Staszewska Hanna
Published: January 2022

Zagadnienie zespołu archiwalnego znajdowało się w centrum zainteresowania i refleksji archiwistów przez cały okres II Rzeczypospolitej, zarówno w czasie kształtowania się nowożytnego charakteru archiwistyki i jej dojrzewania, jak i w czasie utrwalania podstawowych pojęć i terminów. W szczególny sposób refleksja ta wiązała się z rozpoznaniem i upowszechnieniem zasady proweniencji, będącej „kamieniem węgielnym” archiwistyki. Problematyka zespołu archiwalnego, jego definicji, atrybutów i zakresu wyodrębniania była główną osią rozważań dwóch wybitnych archiwistów polskich w podręcznikach: Nowożytna archiwistyka polska i jej zadania K. Konarskiego (1929) oraz Program prac wewnętrznych w archiwach nowożytnych R. Przelaskowskiego (1935). Rozpatrywali oni także problemy porządkowania i inwentaryzacji zespołu oraz tworzenia pomocy archiwalnych, nie będą one jednak przedmiotem niniejszych rozważań.

Problems of fonds in archival textbooks in the Second Polish Republic

In the years 1918-1945 (time of the Second Polish Republic), the problem of fonds was in the center of archivists’ attention. Both when the modern character of archival studies was being shaped and developed, and when the basic notions and terms were solidifying. This contemplation was particularly linked to identifying and spreading the principle of provenance – the cornerstone of archival studies. The problem of fonds, its definition, features and scope, was the center of debate for two exceptional Polish archivists in their textbooks: Nowożytna archiwistyka polska i jej zadania [Modern Polish Archival Studies and Its Problems] by K. Konarski (1929) and Program prac wewnętrznych w archiwach nowożytnych (1935) [The Agenda of Problems in Modern Archives] by R. Przelaskowski (1935). The authors also discussed the problems of putting fonds in order, cataloging them and creating archival aids. However, these problems are not the subject of this paper.