bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggregated Transfer Accounts in Regional Macroanalysis
Authors: Nazarova A. G.
Published: November 2022

Building upon the author’s prior publications in the journal Voprosy Statistiki (Issues No.4 and No.11 of 2019, Issue No.5 of 2020, and Issue No.3 of 2021), this new article deals with the problems of macroanalysis methodology, with particular reference to aggregated National Transfer Accounts (NTA) as applied to various regions of the Russian Federation with a view to expand the analytical capabilities of statistics.The introductory section unveils the concept and general principle of constructing the system of aggregated transfer accounts for the readership, summarizing analytical capabilities of the accounts’ usage. It includes infographics for balancing joint estimates of Russia’s economic lifecycle performed by the HSE University for the economy as a whole and across various age cohorts. It also underpins the practicability of developing economic lifecycle account on a regional level.The main section focuses on the capabilities and limitations of the Russian databases in view of constructing the first account of the NTA system, namely an aggregated economic lifecycle account, based upon the international NTA methodology adapted to the Russian statistics. The paper suggests a methodological approach – encompassing calculation assumptions and employed statistical methods – to constructing regional consumption and labor income profiles. Early results of the empirical calculations, performed across all of Russia’s regions for the year of 2018, demonstrate a wide scattering of resulting economic lifecycle estimates (as a percentage of GRP) ranging from a sizeable surplus to a deficit comparable with the gross regional product, and even surpassing it in a number of cases, and thereby confirming the sharp contrasts between the regions in terms of quality of life. The concluding section of the article shows that the «financial appeal» of Russia’s regions, as measured by the resulting economic lifecycle account, resonates with the distribution of domestic labour migrants in terms of their work locations. Therefore, the author has verified the hypothesis that the criteria – which impact the resulting economic lifecycle of a certain region and the degree of interregional differences – lie within the geographical structure of production (i.e. key sectors of the region in question) and within the region-specific relationships with the central government.
Nantes-Rennes : je t'aime, moi non plus
Authors: Renard Jean
Published: November 2022

Quel est l’état actuel des relations et des flux entre Nantes et Rennes, peut-on comparer leurs fonctions tertiaires et peut-on envisager un réseau de villes associant les deux agglomérations ?
Vulnérabilité des dunes littorales : mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation
Authors: Bodéré Jean-Claude , Cribb Ron , Curr Richard , Davies Peter , Hallégouët Bernard , Meur-Férec Catherine , Piriou Nicole , Williams Allan T. , Yoni Catherine
Published: November 2022

Une méthode d'évaluation ("checklist") a été mise au point pour contrôler la vulnérabilité des dunes. La technique proposée comporte plusieurs séries d'indicateurs se rapportant à des paramètres d'ordre environnemental, naturel ou anthropique, comme la géomorphologie, la sédimentologie, les forces en action, la végétation, la fréquentation, les usages, les mesures de protection et leur évolution dans le temps. Pour chaque indicateur, 3 à 5 solutions sont proposées et une note de 1 à 5 est attribuée, en fonction de leur caractère négatif ou positif. La somme des différentes notes fournit un indice de vulnérabilité du système dunaire considéré. Un tableau d'évaluation a été élaboré et testé sur le terrain pour plusieurs sites dunaires, en Bretagne et au Pays de Galles d'abord, ce qui a permis de discuter de la pertinence de certains indicateurs et de la valeur des cotes attribuées. Il a été ainsi possible d'apporter un maximum de clarté dans l'énoncé des questions et de rendre plus objectives les réponses. L'indice obtenu constitue un précieux moyen pour comparer différents systèmes dunaires. Cette méthode permet de distinguer les ensembles ayant un haut degré de vulnérabilité (Tronoan 29 F) de ceux qui sont caractérisés par un équilibre naturel et une gestion efficace et souple (Blancs-Sablons 29 F, Oxwich P. de G. R.-U.). Ce système permet aussi des évaluations, à différentes échelles, d'ensembles dunaires géographiquement éloignés. La méthode des indices de vulnérabilité peut également trouver des applications pour d'autres types de milieux. Elle devrait trouver sa place dans toutes les opérations de planification et l'élaboration de stratégies d'aménagement et de gestion.
Quand les géographes reviennent au pays
Authors: Baudelle Guy
Published: November 2022

La notion de pays, remise à l’honneur par les textes législatifs ces derniers temps, est une vieille connaissance des géographes. Ces derniers, aux premiers rangs desquels se trouve Jean Renard, sont donc parmi les plus qualifiés pour apprécier la pertinence de la formule et en mesurer aussi les charges d’illusion.
Le rôle des femmes dans les communautés de pêcheurs-artisans de l’agglomération d’Abidjan : le cas de Vridi-Zimbabwé
Authors: Anoh Paul , Koffie-Bikpo Céline Yolande
Published: November 2022

Methodologically, the subject was treated mainly by literature review, field surveys semi-structured interviews and itinerary tracking. These different techniques enabled us to contribute some complementary responses for a better understanding of the theme. The concerned women are mostly of Ghanaan origin, they are predominantly illiterate and are linked to the fishermen by matrimony. The women occupy the same geographical space as the fishermen. The latter have a priority in the choice of space for landing and repair of nets, the women contend themselves with the rest. There is no separation between the processing and living (residence) sites. Spatial separation is only observed when the women go to sell their products in the markets. The way of their working and living space is organised and explained the fact that the women take a lead in managing their professional and family lives. The activities they perform enable them to play an undeniable role in their community, since their incomes are generally higher than the fishermen. This role goes to provide for assistance to meet needs ranging from those of the family to that of the fishing voyage on some occasions. In spite all this, the women face difficulties in obtaining supplies, in processing and marketing their fisheries products.
Les risques naturels côtiers en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Robin Marc , Hauhouot Asseypo D.
Published: November 2022

Les risques naturels côtiers proviennent de la coïncidence entre une vulnérabilité et un aléa naturel. En Côte d’Ivoire, on classe les risques naturels côtiers en deux grands types : 1 -Les risques qui proviennent d’une vulnérabilité naturelle et dont l’intensité est fonction du type et de l’intensité d’un aléa naturel. On trouve dans ce cas de figure l’érosion côtière "normale", les glissements de terrains d’origine sous-marine et les inondations générées par la mobilité des passes. 2 -Les risques qui proviennent d’une vulnérabilité créée artificiellement et non prévue et dont l’intensité est aussi fonction du type et de l’intensité d’un aléa naturel. On trouve dans ce cas de figure les risques liés aux conséquences d’équipements pour la protection côtière, à l’extraction aveugle de sédiments pour les ouvrages de construction, aux conditions sanitaires liées à une exploitation inconsidérée du milieu littoral. Chaque cas de figure est explicité et illustré à l’aide d’extraits de bases de données. L’ensemble converge vers la mise en place d’un observatoire du milieu côtier, utile pour toute action future.
De l'utilité des aménagements routiers dans l'agglomération nantaise
Authors: Fritsch Bernard
Published: November 2022

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, d’importants aménagements routiers ont été réalisés dans l’agglomération nantaise (rocade, autoroutes et voies express, franchissements de Loire) et se pose la question, à l’heure de la mise en place d’une nouvelle génération de Plans de Déplacements Urbains, de l’évaluation de l’utilité économique et sociale de ces réalisations. Cet article, en s’appuyant sur la théorie classique du surplus, propose une grille d’analyse des bénéfices que la collectivité a retiré, en 1994, des nouvelles infrastructures routières aménagées depuis 1983. Celle-ci permet d’évaluer les gains de temps, sur les déplacements en automobile, dérivés de ces aménagements et d’en déduire un taux de rentabilité pour la collectivité. Les résultats des calculs effectués sont élevés, reflétant la grande utilité des nouvelles infrastructures routières de l’agglomération. Les gains de temps annuels pour les déplacements en automobile sont de l’ordre de 10 M d’heures, donnant un taux de rentabilité économique et social d’environ 25 %.
Châteaux viticoles et châteaux vignerons en Biterrois : de la réalité architecturale à la notion commerciale
Authors: Michaud François
Published: November 2022

Le simple terme de "château" est-il adéquat pour un vocabulaire avant tout commercial dont le but est de faire vendre un vin ? Aujourd''hui, la multiplication des vins vendus sous la dénomination "château", en France et ailleurs dans le monde, selon le modèle bordelais, a entraîné une grande confusion, l'assimilation du vin au château faisant que, implicitement, le vin vendu sous le nom de château est supposé être un vin de qualité, avec une origine clairement identifiée. Il semblerait donc nécessaire d'établir une distinction sémantique. Cette notion de château étant directement liée au produit, ne devrait-on pas plutôt parler dans ce cas de "château vigneron" et réserver le "château viticole" à des demeures encore associées, ou qui l'ont été, à un domaine agricole dont la viticulture est, ou a été, la principale activité, et dont l'architecture leur permet d'être élevé au rang de château ? Confronté à celui de Bordeaux, l'exemple du Biterrois, où les "châteaux pinardiers", édifiés de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle au début du XXe siècle, constituent l'essentiel de son patrimoine castral dans un vignoble en pleine reconversion qualitative, illustrera ces deux notions bien distinctes, qui peuvent être qualifiées l'une d''architecturale, pour le château viticole, et l'autre de commerciale, pour le château vigneron.
Le Rheu, 1953-2003 : l’utopie à l’épreuve. Les 50 ans d’une "villette", cité-jardin de la région rennaise
Authors: Allain Rémy
Published: November 2022

L’histoire de la petite ville du Rheu dans le proche périurbain rennais présente un double intérêt urbanistique : elle constitue en soi un modèle de référence dans la typologie des cités-jardins ; elle permet de tester un modèle d’urbanisme face aux pressions du champ urbain d’une capitale régionale dynamique et dans le contexte foncier de documents d’urbanisme restrictifs d’une aire urbaine qui a choisi le modèle de la ville compacte.
L’"urbanisation dispersée polycentrique" hors des aires métropolitaines aux États-Unis : le comté de Beaufort, Caroline du Sud
Authors: Chevalier Jacques
Published: November 2022

Beaufort County, particularly across the Sea Islands, shows a special urbanization process both dispersed and polycentric, with three separate urban areas. Directly related to the construction of highways, bridges, new and large residential developments -specially in the form of gated and guarded residential plantations- this process is independent of the one which affects the nearby Savannah and Charleston metropolitan areas.
Sotchi, capitale balnéaire de la Russie
Authors: Cabanne Claude
Published: November 2022

Avec la disparition de l’URSS, la Russie a perdu le littoral de l’Ukraine et celui des Pays Baltes. Sotchi demeure sa seule grande station de tourisme balnéaire. La fréquentation s’est effondrée dans les années quatre-vingt-dix en raison de la crise économique du pays et des conflits du Caucase. Elle augmente à nouveau depuis deux ans et Sotchi veut développer son audience internationale et étendre ses activités aux sports d’hiver.
Le tramway à Nantes : renouveau technique, pari politique et nouvelle image territoriale
Authors: Peyon Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2022

Le renouveau du tramway nantais, abandonné en 1958, a été le fait de la municipalité de la gauche élue en 1977. Il sera l’objet d’affrontements politiques entre 1978 et 1989. Cette renaissance sera pourtant plébiscitée par les Nantais, puis par les responsables politiques de l’agglomération. L’extension du réseau sera un puissant facteur de transformations des espaces publics. Il va donner force à la poussée des préoccupations environnementales et au renouveau de l’image nantaise. Les budgets mobilisés par le District puis la Communauté urbaine pour ces réalisations renforceront l’identité territoriale nantaise.
L'évolution du concept d'innovation : entrepreneurs, territoires et réseaux
Authors: Daviet Sylvie
Published: November 2022

L’étude de l’innovation et de ses conditions géographiques a connu un regain d’intérêt depuis la crise des années 1970. Cet article se propose d’examiner plus largement l’évolution du concept d’innovation sous deux angles différents. La première partie met l’accent sur le rôle de l’entrepreneur individuel. La deuxième présente quelques-uns des principaux travaux sur la relation entre Espace et Innovation. La conclusion se focalise sur les nouvelles voies de la recherche qui tendent à s’affranchir des notions de limite territoriale et hiérarchie spatiale pour privilégier les concepts de réseau et proximité.
Atlanpole : la recomposition discrète d'un territoire
Authors: Fache Jacques
Published: November 2022

Atlanpole, technopôle récent de la métropole Nantes-Saint-Nazaire, joue un rôle certain à la fois dans le développement des entreprises innovantes sur Nantes et dans l’organisation du territoire métropolitain. Cependant, la stratégie de développement des entreprises et l’abandon de l’aménagement urbain par Atlanpole pose la question du devenir du développement technopolitain nantais.
Approche ethnopsychologique du corps
Authors: Picard Dominique
Published: November 2022

Cette étude propose une approche ethnopsychologique de la ritualisation et de la symbolique du corps. Même si, dans les sociétés traditionnelles, le corps est perçu comme immergé dans la nature, il est aussi et d'abord un produit de la culture, produit façonné par l'éducation et notamment par les apprentissages précoces de la prime enfance et variant par là même d'une culture à l'autre. Parce qu'il est le lieu d'inscription des valeurs, des normes et des structures d'une société, il est un des éléments fondamentaux de la communication et de l'interaction sociale.
Le modèle individualiste du sujet. Écran à la compréhension des personnes issues de sociétés non occidentales
Authors: Cohen-Emerique Margalit
Published: November 2022

Les recherches interculturelles ont mis en évidence deux modèles de personnes : Individualiste versus "collectiviste". La représentation de la personne peut être un obstacle important à la compréhension d’une autre société. Ainsi l'intervention auprès des migrants non occidentaux a montré que notre modèle individualiste constitue une grille de lecture essentielle dans le décodage des situations où sont impliqués ces migrants, mais entraîne des difficultés de compréhension interculturelle. L'analyse doit en être faite à plusieurs niveaux interdépendants : représentation de sol et de l'autre, valeurs et normes d'autonomie, connaissance d'autrui centrée sur le sujet en oubliant le contexte et en intégrant mal la relation individu-groupe.

Comment former les professionnels du champ social et éducatif à la compréhension du modèle "collectiviste" de la personne ?
Alfred Fouillée et la psychologie des peuples
Authors: Le Quintrec Guillaume
Published: November 2022

L'identité nationale est un thème de plus en plus présent aujourd'hui en Europe, aussi bien à l'Est, où l'histoire "revient" sur les ruines de l'idéologie, qu'à l'Ouest, avec l'intégration accélérée de la Communauté. Ces débats sur la nation doivent être éclairés par 1’histoire des idées. Un épisode important de celle-ci est étudié ici : l'éphémère fortune, à la fin du XIXème siècle, de la psychologie des peuples.

Alfred Fouillée, philosophe quasi-officiel de la République, en est le meilleur représentant. Contre 1 'anthroposociologie, synthèse explosive de l'anthropologie raciale et du darwinisme social, il a tenté de penser le génie des peuples au-delà du pur déterminisme biologique. Mais il est resté en partie prisonnier de la race, à l'image d'une anthropologie française incapable de devenir une véritable science sociale.
Souffrance familiale et famille en souffrance. La famille camerounaise entre le village et la ville
Authors: Tsala Tsala Jacques-Philippe
Published: November 2022

Les transformations sociales en cours en Afrique en général et au Cameroun en particulier entraînent nécessairement une réorganisation plus adaptée de la famille. Mais dans le vécu de sa famille en pleine mutation, le sujet est tiraillé entre la cohérence mythique d'une famille traditionnelle évanescente et l'indétermination de la famille de ses voeux. L’absence d'un mythe familial stable accroît la souffrance du sujet familial.
Comportements et satisfaction au travail dans le premier emploi (Enquête internationale)
Authors: Touzard Hubert , Lancry-Hoestlandt Anne
Published: November 2022

Cette recherche internationale longitudinale sur trois ans porte sur la socialisation au travail de jeunes peu qualifiés dans leur premier emploi. Elle a pour objectif de clarifier les dynamiques de la socialisation et de mieux comprendre les effets de différents types de variables sur leur insertion au travail (environnement socio-économique, organisationnel, variables personnelles, cognitions relatives au travail, comportements, évaluations du travail et de la situation de travail).

Les résultats présentés ici ne sont qu'une petite partie des analyses entreprises. Ils montrent que les relations avec les supérieurs, la planification de la vie professionnelle, l'absence d'ambiguité dans le travail jouent un rôle important sur la satisfaction et le bien-être général de ces jeunes.
Genèse des projets professionnels des jeunes scolarisés l'épreuve de la transition : lycée-université
Authors: Fouquereau Evelyne
Published: November 2022

L'étude approfondie des conditions psychosociologiques de la transition Lycée-Université souligne le caractère potentiellement perturbateur du passage d'une institution éducative à une autre, et la diversité de ses effets sur le plan cognitif et identitaire. L'auteur s'attarde ici sur les processus complexes de structuration, de cristallisation, ou de déstructuration et de réajustement des projets professionnels déclenchés par cette étape, conduisant ainsi le lecteur à s'interroger sur les limites de certains modèles strictement développementalistes de la genèse de ces anticipations.
L’expérience du théâtre
Authors: Leroy Yves
Published: November 2022

L'auteur s'interroge sur le savoir que peut constituer l'art du théâtre et sur la transmission de celui-ci.

Un savoir théâtral a pu jadis se transmettre par le partage d’une expérience de la réalité de la scène. L'art du théâtre, aujourd’hui en Occident, relève de l'expérience sensible du sujet et n'est pas transmissible par l'institution pédagogique. Paradoxalement la demande de formation théâtrale augmente alors qu'on observe une désaffection du public pour les oeuvres proposées. L'auteur invite les créateurs à prendre une part plus active dans une formation fondée sur leur pratique effective de la scène.
André Siegfried à la recherche de la psychologie des Normands
Authors: Nicollet Albert
Published: November 2022

Né en Normandie où il a passé une partie de sa jeunesse, André Siegfried est toujours resté attaché sentimentalement à son pays d'origine. Dans divers écrits ou conférences, plus particulièrement dans l’oeuvre maîtresse "Tableau politique de la France de l'Ouest sous la IIIème République", il a tracé le portrait des Normands. Cette recherche donne une illustration vivante de l'esprit et de la méthode de l'auteur.
La politique nationaliste et l’identification territoriale en Catalogne
Authors: Garcia Marie-Carmen
Published: November 2022

The nationalist policy and the identification with the land in Catalonia.

The policy of national construction that the autonomous government of Catalonia intends to launch, implies a dual representation of the Catalonian population : the “Catalonians” and the “immigrants”. It gives rise to different forms of identification with the land in connection with the different ways of taking over the nationalist speech and depending on the route chosen and the socio-ethnic origin of the individuals. Their analysis, with the help of the concept of “habitus” allows us to give an account of the way the Catalonian national identity is being built today.
Femmes d’Afrique Noire sur les chemins d’Europe
Authors: Nicollet Albert
Published: November 2022

L’introduction des femmes dans le plus important courant migratoire en provenance d’Afrique Noire, celui des régions du Sahel, a profondément modifié le sens qu’il avait primitivement, tant pour le pays d’origine que pour le pays d’accueil.

Le modèle d’immigration conçu par et pour les hommes a subi des remaniements. Les femmes, qui occupent des positions bien différentes de celles des hommes dans la société française, aspirent progressivement à plus d’initiatives économiques, sociales et culturelles. Le droit et les mœurs touchant la condition féminine doivent être repensés en fonction de cette situation nouvelle.
Acculturation et stratégies identitaires chez le migrant adulte maghrébin
Authors: Qribi Abdelhak
Published: November 2022

Après avoir tenté de définir les concepts employés, notamment ceux de culture, d’acculturation et d’identité culturelle, l’article s’emploie à montrer la diversité des évolutions culturelles chez les migrants adultes maghrébins.

L’auteur repère un rapport différent à la société et à la culture du pays d’accueil, selon les générations et l’évolution des projets migratoires.

Cependant, les lignes de fracture culturelle sont d’une telle importance qu’elles ne préservent plus ce qui est considéré comme le noyau dur de la culture maghrébine, à savoir : la religion, la femme et la sexualité.
Dynamique identitaire en situation migratoire : à propos de jeunes issus de l’immigration hmong
Authors: Gauthier Éric
Published: November 2022

The identity dynamic in a migratory situation about the young born into the hmong immigrants

The young Hmong people, who are said to be from the «second generation», are marked by the patterns of two cultures and build their cultural identity from these two. After a devaluation of their parental culture during their teenage years, they enter the world of adults through a union with a member coming from the same ethnic group and this cannot be done any other way. They are all driven by the same desire to claim at the same time their ethnic identity and their French cultural background. The ethnic community is then the mould of the cross-cultural identity of these young people who put forward their differences while wishing to integrate into the French environment.
La médiation interculturelle
Authors: Tapia Claude
Published: November 2022

Intercultural mediation : a transdisciplinary concept

After taking an inventory of the reasons which have made the notion of mediation an up-to-date one in France and more widely in Europe, the author of this article goes through the different practices related to them. Then, behind the diversity of practices, he endeavours to find a common core of ideas, intentions and social representations on one hand and on the other the specific aspects which characterize intercultural mediation in relation to the other forms of mediation. This idea is closely akin to the preoccupations of some European Community authorities urging associated universities within the European Union to create courses and diplomas adapted to these new needs of our societies.

Moreover, this is an introduction to the series of articles which follow, underlining the fact that they are complementary and each one, according to their register, dealing with the central theme of this special issue.
Clinical Course and Outcome in Children with Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Saneifard Hedyeh , Hajihashemi Elham , Fallahi Minoo
Published: November 2022

Background: Hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent or recurrent neonatal hypoglycemia that may result in neurological deficits. The treatment goal in these patients is prevention of hypoglycemia to decrease mortality and morbidity. This study was done to determine the clinical course and outcome in children with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) referring to Mofid Children’s Hospital from 2011 to 2017. Methods: This study was done on 22 children with CHI referring to Mofid Children’s Hospital from 2011 to 2017. The demographic, perinatal, clinical, laboratory, imaging, pharmacological, treatment and follow up data of these children were collected and analyzed. Results: Among 22 children with CHI, the mortality rate was higher among those who received hydrocortisone versus those who did not receive hydrocortisone (46% versus 40%). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, hydrocortisone had a negative impact on the outcomes of these children, which is important in the management of hypoglycemia. The clinical course and outcome of children with CHI was better with medical compared to surgical treatment.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Recurrence: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mafi Ahmad R , Ghanbari Motlagh Ali , Azadeh Payam
Published: November 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) continues to be a worldwide healthcare problem. While our knowledge of the interaction of cancer and its management with COVID-19 mortality is gradually evolving, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on cancer and its prognosis. Several factors activated during COVID-19 have been implicated in tumorigenesis and the development of metastasis. Inflammation, hypoxia, reduced levels of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, elevated levels of Interleukin 6 and some other cytokines that are hallmarks of COVID-19 are capable of inducing tumor relapse and metastasis. On the other hand, there are reports that COVID-19 has been associated with cancer cure. Understanding the interaction between COVID-19 and tumor cells is essential for evaluating the potential long-term risks of COVID-19 in cancer patients, and for scheduling necessary preventive and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we briefly overview the potential impacts that COVID-19 might have on tumorigenesis and cancer relapse, as well as the role that COVID-19 might play in cancer remission and cure.
Evaluation of the Effects of Using Buccal Fat Pad on Dorsum Changes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jamalpour Mohammad Reza , Ebrahimifard Arsalan , Farhadian Maryam
Published: November 2022

Background: Irregularity of the dorsum is one of the common complications in rhinoplasty. Today, various methods are used to correct the irregularity of dorsum. This study was conducted to determine the effects of using Buccal Fat pad on dorsum changes. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 20 patients undergoing primary rhinoplasty with open technique were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In intervention groups, after the end of the osteotomy and before the skin is sutured, A layer of buccal fat was placed on the dorsum and fixed. In the control group dorsum region without the use of buccal fat was sutured. Both groups followed for six months and were assessed regarding, dorsum changes and satisfaction of dorsum aesthetic. Results: In the intervention and control groups, the mean age of patients was 26.60 ±3.92 and 25.90 ±4.38 years, respectively (P = 0.711). In terms of gender, 70% of patients in the intervention group and 80% in the control group were women. The frequency of nasal asymmetry, nasal depression, dorsum narrowing, step and nasal width in the intervention and control groups were 20% and 50% (P = 0.350). The mean score of patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction with the beauty of the bridge of the nose in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Using Buccal Fat pad on dorsum during primary rhinoplasty, in addition to reducing changes in dorsum, increases the satisfaction of dorsum beauty.
Preparation, Purification and Performance Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Produced in Rat
Authors: Yaghoobizadeh Fatemeh , Roayaei Ardakani Mohammad , Ranjbar Mohammad Mehdi , Khosravi Mohammad , Galehdari Hamid
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Among all known human coronaviruses, some viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) cause severe pneumonia or even death. With the regard to its spread and the importance of its rapid identification/treatment, and because pAbs are relatively cheap, able to bind to more sites on antigens and even neutralize them, this study was done for the production and purification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibodies (pAb) in rats. Methods: Viral antigen purification was performed by PEG/NaCl precipitation. The efficiency of the sucrose cushion method was also investigated to produce a purer antigen. Immunization was done and antibody purification was performed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (33%), dialysis, and ion-exchange chromatography. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to verify the antibody specificity. All data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the amount of concentrated virus increased with the increase of PEG concentration. Moreover, the sucrose cushion method increased its purity. Besides, induction of immune response in rats for pAb production with high titers was reached via these antigens and ELISA/western blot results indicated a suitable antibody-antigen interaction. Additionally, it was shown that ion-exchange chromatography could be a suitable technique for IgG purification. Conclusion: Herein, we presented a simple and cheap method for the purification of whole viral particles with relatively high quality. The results verified that these antigens could elicit a good immune response in the rat. The obtained pAbs showed a good specificity toward SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Accordingly, this study proposes a promising method for viral vaccine development.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus induced autophagic response within pulmonary tissue in the rat model
Authors: Bayazidi Mohammad Ghader , Rahbarghazi Reza , Rezabakhsh Aysa , Rezaie Jafar , Hassanpour Mehdi , Ahmadi Mahdi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The current experiment aimed to address the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on autophagy status in the rat pulmonary tissue. Methods: In this study, 20 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups as follows: control and diabetic groups. To induce type 2 diabetes mellitus, rats received a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet. After confirmation of diabetic condition, rats were maintained for 8 weeks and euthanized for further analyses. The pathological changes were assessed using H&E staining. We also measured transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the lungs using ELISA and real-time PCR analyses, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were monitored in diabetic lungs to assess oxidative status. We also measured the expression of becline-1, LC3, and P62 to show autophagic response under diabetic conditions. Using immunofluorescence staining, protein levels of LC3 was also monitored. Results: H&E staining showed pathological changes in diabetic rats coincided with the increase of TNF-α (~1.4-fold) and TGF-β (~1.3-fold) compared to those in the normal rats (P < 0.05). The levels of MDA (5.6 ± 0.4 versus 6.4 ± 0.27 nM/mg protein) were increased while SOD (4.2 ± 0.28 versus 3.8 ± 0.13 U/mL) activity decreased in the diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed the up-regulation of Becline-1 (~1.35-fold) and LC3 (~2-fold) and down-regulation of P62 (~0.8-fold) (P < 0.05), showing incomplete autophagic flux. We noted the increase of LC3+ cells in diabetic condition compared to that in the control samples. Conclusion: The prolonged diabetic condition could inhibit the normal activity of autophagy flux, thereby increasing pathological outcomes.
Graph theoretical network analysis, in silico exploration, and validation of bioactive compounds from Cynodon dactylon as potential neuroprotective agents against α-synuclein
Authors: Rajeshkumar Raja Rajeswari , Kumar Banoth Karan , Parasuraman Pavadai , Panneerselvam Theivendren , Sundar Krishnan , Ammunje Damodar Nayak , Ram Kumar Pandian Sureshbabu , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Kabilan Shanmugampillai Jeyarajaguru , Kunjiappan Selvaraj
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, devastating neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain's substantia nigra pars compacta (Snpc). In alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) self-aggregation, the existence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies called Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) causes PD, which is a cause of neuronal death. Methods: The present study is aimed at finding potential bioactive compounds from Cynodon dectylon that can degrade α-Syn aggregation in the brain, through in silico molecular docking investigations. Graph theoretical network analysis was used to identify the bioactive compounds that target α-Syn and decipher their network as a graph. From the data repository, twenty-nine bioactive chemicals from C. dactylon were chosen and their structures were retrieved from Pubchem. On the basis of their docking scores and binding energies, significant compounds were chosen for future investigation. The in silico prediction of chosen compounds, and their pharmacokinetic and physicochemical parameters were utilized to confirm their drug-likeness profile. Results: During molecular docking investigation the bioactive compounds vitexin (-7.3 kcal.mol-1) and homoorientin (-7.1 kcal.mol-1) showed significant binding energy against the α-Syn target protein. A computer investigation of molecular dynamics simulation study verifies the stability of the α-Syn-ligand complex. The intermolecular interactions assessed by the dynamic conditions indicate that the bioactive compound vitexin has the potency to prevent α-Syn aggregation. Conclusion: Interestingly, the observed results indicate that vitexin is a potential lead compound against α-Syn aggregation, and in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the promising therapeutic capability.
Autophagy-induced mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated renal fibrosis in an in vitro model
Authors: Ahrabi Behnaz , Abbaszadeh Hojjat Allah , Piryaei Abbas , Shekari Faezeh , Ahmady Roozbahany Navid , Rouhollahi Mahya , Azam Sayahpour Forough , Ahrabi Mahnaz , Azimi Hadi , Moghadasali Reza
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Chronic and progressive damage to the kidney by inflammatory processes, may lead to an increase in the extracellular matrix production, a condition known as renal fibrosis. The current study aims to evaluate if the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from autophagic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can reduce the inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in damaged kidney tissue. Methods: Autophagy was induced in ADMSCs using 2µM concentration curcumin and was confirmed by evaluating LC3B, ATG7, and Beclin1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. An in vitro renal fibrotic model was established in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 (0.8mM) for 24 and 72 hours. The fibrotic model was confirmed through evaluation of collagen I, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, and vimentin genes expression using real-time PCR, collagen I protein by ELISA. After induction of fibrosis for 24 and 72 hours, the HEK cells were treated with NEVs (non-autophagy EVs) (50µM) or AEVs (autophagy EVs) (50µM) at 48, 96, and 124 hours, and then the samples were collected at 72 and 148 hours. Expression of collagen I, TGF-β1, E-cadherin, and vimentin Genes was evaluated via RT-PCR, and protein levels of IL1, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 using ELISA. Results: Induction of autophagy using curcumin (2µM) for 24 hours significantly increased LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG7 in the ADMSCs. Upregulation in anti-fibrotic (E-cadherin) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) gene expression was significantly different in the fibrotic model treated by AEVs compared to NEVs. Also, the downregulation of fibrotic (TGF-β1, vimentin, collagen I) and pro-inflammatory (IL1, TNFα) gene expression was significantly different in AEVs compared with those treated by NEVs. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AEVs can be considered as a therapeutic modality for renal fibrosis in the future.
Chemo-immune cell therapy by intratumoral injection of adoptive NK cells with capecitabine in gastric cancer xenograft model
Authors: Ghazvinian Zeinab , Abdolahi Shahrokh , Ahmadvand Mohammad , Emami Amir Hossein , Muhammadnejad Samad , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Ai Jafar , Zali Mohammad Reza , Seyhoun Iman , Verdi Javad , Baghaei Kaveh
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly known malignancies and is the fifth cancer-related death globally. Whereas natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in tumor elimination; therefore, adoptive NK cell therapy has become a promising approach in cancer cytotherapy. Hence, this study investigated the chemo-immune cell therapy in MKN-45 derived xenograft gastric cancer model. Methods: Three groups of animals have received the following treatments separately: activated NK cells, capecitabine, the combination of capecitabine and activated NK cells, and one was considered as the control group. Morphometric properties of tumor samples were evaluated at the end of the study. NK cells infiltration was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of hCD56. Mitotic count and treatment response was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The proliferation ratio to apoptosis was determined by IHC assessment of Ki67 and caspase 3. Results: The results indicated that the NK cell therapy could effectively decrease the mitotic count in pathology assessment, but the tumor was not completely eradicated. In combination with metronomic chemotherapy (MC) of capecitabine, NK cell therapy demonstrated a significant difference in tumor morphometric properties compared to the control group. The proliferation ratio to apoptosis was also in line with pathology data. Conclusion: Although NK cell therapy could effectively decrease the mitotic count in vivo, the obtained findings indicated lesser potency than MC despite ex vivo activation. In order to enhance NK cell therapy effectiveness, suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment and inhibitory immune checkpoints blockade should be considered.
Effect of Problem Solving Training on Quality of Life and Responsibility of Medical Students
Authors: Tayyari Kalajahi Behrang , Panah Ali Amir , Azmoudeh Masoumeh
Published: November 2022

Background. Quality of life and responsibility are known as fundamental issues in contemporary psychology. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of problem solving training on quality of life and responsibility of paramedical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all paramedical students (490 students) in the academic year 2020-2021 in one of the ranked universities. The available sample was randomly divided into an intervention (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) and Gauff Responsibility Questionnaire were used to collect data. Problem-solving training, using scenario, was provided for the experimental group in the form of 2-hour sessions held twice a week for a period of 14 weeks. The data were analyzed, using co-variance analysis and SPSS 21 software. Results. The mean age of the participants was 20.61 in the intervention, and 21.21 in the control groups. The standard deviation calculated for the two groups were 1.14 and 1.62, respectively. The problem solving training seemed to enhance the scores on the quality of life [F(1,39)=1052.192, P<0.001, ƞ2=0.966] and students’ sense of responsibility [F(1,39)=126.111,P<0.001,ƞ2=0.773] Conclusion. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that problem solving training has a significant positive effect due to the knowledge of problem solving skills, reducing the incidence of mental illness in students. Therefore, it is recommended this approach be used to promote students' mental health
Identifying the Selection Criteria for Elite Lecturer in Medical Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pourabbas Ahmad , Seyednazari Nayer , Naderfam Shapour , Hazrati Hakimeh , Taghizadieh Ali , Fakhari Ali , Ghafari Reza , Farnam Alireza
Published: November 2022

Background. The main purpose of this study was to determine standard criteria for selecting elite lecturers in medical science universities. Methods. A qualitative research method with a content analysis approach was employed to conduct the study. The study was done in one of the top ranked universities in Iran. Data gathering was performed by Purposive sampling method. Data were collected from individuals who had experience working in the deputy of education and education development center (EDC) in the field of teacher evaluation. Focused group discussion sessions continued until data saturation was achieved. Results. Based on the analysis of the interviews, four criteria were identified for selecting elite teachers; including: "The dynamics of education", "Research and educational innovation", "Evaluation of fair treatment, discipline and professional ethics," "accountability in Transformational Innovation Packages in education". The score of clinical teachers and basic sciences teachers were considered 94 and 100, respectively. Conclusion. In this study, in order to observe educational justice and encourage teachers to perform their various roles and tasks, a standard tool was designed to select elite teacher. The results of this study can be used as a standard tool in other medical universities in Iran.
Referral Challenges in the Mental Health Program in the Primary Health Care System: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh , Memaryan Nadereh , Ghahari Shahrbanoo , Lotfi Mozhgan
Published: November 2022

Background. One of the main activities that plays a significant role in the prevalence of mental illnesses is the issue of referral, and according to the evidence, the lack of proper implementation of the referral system is one of the obvious weaknesses of the primary health care (PHC) system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the challenges of referring mental health clients in the PHC system, and the weaknesses in this process were examined from the perspective of mental health experts in health centers. Methods. The present study is a conventional qualitative content analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with primary health care psychologists. Fifteen people were selected through purposive sampling. After transcription of the interviews, the data were analyzed based on the Graneheim and Landman model. Results. Two themes and twelve categories were acquired through the present study. The theme of intra-centered referential challenges included categories such as weaknesses in health care providers screening and low referrals, clients' lack of trust in health care providers, clients' lack of cooperation, physicians' poor cooperation, and Barriers to clients' desire to visit a psychologist. Outer-centered referential challenges also included a shortage of referral centers, lack of transparency in referrals, lack of direct referrals, poor follow-up, barriers for clients to go to a higher level, and Barriers to clients’ referral to the institute. Conclusion. The findings of the present study show that poor intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral communication is one of the main challenges that has disrupted the referral process in the field of mental health in the primary health care system. It seems that many challenges such as lack of designated referral centers, poor follow-up due to lack of referral feedback, clients' financial inability to refer to a higher level, etc. can be improved by strengthening cross-sectoral communications such as two-way communication with support organizations and psychiatric and psychotherapy centers.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Activity of Acetone Extract of Pistacia atlantica Leaf, Fruit, and Gall
Authors: Darakhshandeh-Ghahfarokhi Golnar , Mohammadi-Sichani Maryam , Tavakoli Majid
Published: November 2022

Background: Bacterial infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation agents are one of the most important challenges researchers and doctors face. Therefore, many studies have been done on medicinal plants to find phytochemical antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents. Objectives: In this study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of the acetone and aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica leaf, fruit, and gall were evaluated against some bacteria. Methods: The leaves, fruits, and galls of P. atlantica were collected from the forests of Lorestan province, Iran. Antibacterial effects of extracts were studied by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Microdilution method was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of extracts. Anti-biofilm activity of acetone and aqueous extracts in sub-lethal concentration was investigated by crystal violet-stained microtiter method. Results: Acetone extract of P. atlantica had significant antibacterial effects against tested bacteria except for E. coli. There was a significant relationship between antibacterial activity and extract concentration (P<0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration of acetone and aqueous extract of leaf, fruit, and galls ranged from 3-12.5 mg/mL. The acetone extract of P. atlantica galls had a high inhibitory effect on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation at a concentration of 12.5 and 25.0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The gall extracts of P. atlantica have a significant inhibitory effect against bacteria, which is probably related to certain active compounds. These extracts inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.