bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LACTASE DEFICIENCY AND A LACTOSE‐FREE DIET IN PATIENTS WITH “UNSPECIFIC ABDOMINAL COMPLAINTS”
Authors: Jussila J. , Launiala K. , Gorbatow O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Jejunal lactase activities have been determined in 41 patients who had consulted general practitioners on account of “unspecific abdominal complaints”. Twelve of these patients had low jejunal lactase activity and they all had selective lactase deficiency.

A lactose‐free diet for two weeks had a beneficial effect on all the patients with low lactase activity, and the effect was not temporary, as could be noted on inquiry about six months later.

It is remarkable that only two of the twelve patients with low lactase activity had a history of milk intolerance.

Determination of small‐intestinal lactase activity or a peroral lactose tolerance test is recommended as a routine test for milk‐drinking patients with “unspecific abdominal complaints”.
HETERO‐ANTIBODY AGAINST BILE CANALICULI IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC, CLINICALLY ACTIVE HEPATITIS
Authors: Diederichsen Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract Antibody to the bile canaliculi of bovine liver was demonstrated in the serum from five patients with chronic, clinically active hepatitis, in one out of ten patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and in one out of thirty‐one patients with positive antinuclear factor who did not suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus. The antibody was not detected in the serum from five patients with acute hepatitis, eleven patients with cholecystitis and thirty‐five donors. The antibody was heterologous, since it could not be demonstrated to bile canaliculi in normal human liver tissue nor to bile canaliculi in the liver tissue from two patients with chronic, clinically active hepatitis. The antibody seems to be specifically directed against the bile canaliculi and it was always found concurrently with antinuclear factor against normal human liver tissue. Furthermore, in the five patients suffering from chronic, clinically active hepatitis, the bile canaliculi antibody was found together with smooth muscle antibody and glomerulus antibody.
THE VALUE OF PBI AND T3 TEST IN AN ENDEMIC GOITER AREA
Authors: Johnsson Sven , Sjöstrand Ake
Published: August 2010

Abstract An investigation of the value of the PBI and of the tri‐iodothyronine (T3) test in an endemic goiter area shows that in euthyroid and hypothyroid cases PBI gives pathologically raised values in 30%. The T3 test in the same material gave incorrect values, the figure usually being too low in 8% of the euthyroid cases. In the whole material (340 patients) PBI gave incorrect information in 28%, the T, test in 9% and “free thyroxin index” (PBI × T3) in 7%. In an endemic goiter area the diagnosis of the functional condition of the thyroid is considerably more difficult since tracer‐iodine examination as well as PBI determination often give values expressing hyperthyroidism in euthyroid cases. Clinical assessment of the patients is therefore of specially great value in an endemic goiter area.
ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA WITH BLOCK
Authors: Hillestad Leif
Published: August 2010

Abstract A study has been made of 40 episodes of atrial tachycardia with block in 32 patients observed during the years 1965 through 1968.

Mitral valve disease was the most frequent underlying disease, while aortic valve disease was nearly absent. The rhythm disorder produced significant deterioration in a majority of the patients and precipitated severe complaints even in persons with a normal heart. Most episodes ran a continuous course, the paroxysmal variety being rather infrequent. It is therefore suggested that the arrhythmia is termed atrial tachycardia with block and the prefix “paroxysmal” added only when distinct attacks are observed.

Only three patients died, all from their underlying disease. This mortality is probably the lowest ever recorded in series of this rhythm disturbance.

The diagnostic criteria largely proved satisfactory, but differentiation against atrial flutter remains controversial.

Digitalis poisoning was possibly present in only nine of the 40 episodes. Contributory causes including hypokalemia were not demonstrated. Nor was any specific heart rhythm found to be the prime predecessor of atrial tachycardia with block.

Treatment consisted of discontinuance of digitalis and peroral administration of potassium chloride. Some 3–4 days thereafter electroconversion was undertaken. This treatment proved to be safe, reliable and effective and superior to treatment with various antiarrhythmic agents.
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DYNAMIC SPIROMETRY ON PATIENTS WITH CONTAGIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Authors: Strandell Tore
Published: August 2010

AbstractA system with a disposable plastic bag in a box between the patient and the Bernstein spirometer is described, which eliminates the risk of spreading infections between patients via the spirometer. The present modification increased the amplitude response of the spirometer by about 3% at 100 c/min; the random error was not increased.
CORONARY OCCLUSION TREATED WITH SMALL DOSES OF HEPARIN
Authors: Steffensen Karl Anker
Published: August 2010

Abstract In common antithrombotic therapy the dosage of heparin is kept at a certain level based on prolongation of in vitro coagulation time. However, considerably lower doses have been reported to have effect in long‐term treatment of coronary heart disease. In order to investigate the effect of similar low doses in patients with acute coronary occlusion a double‐blind trial was undertaken, in which the death rates of patients treated with heparin for 24 days at a dosage of 10,000 units subcutaneously, twice daily for the first 16 days, and subsequently once daily, was compared with a placebo‐treated group.

Thirty‐two per cent of 103 heparin‐treated patients died compared with 41.3% of 109 in the placebo group. This difference is not statistically significant. Thrombo‐embolic complications were, however, significantly less frequent in the treated group and it is concluded that the therapeutic experiment should be continued.
GASTRIC SECRETION OF ACID AND INTRINSIC FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH HYPER‐ AND HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Dotevall Gerhard , Walan Anders
Published: August 2010

Abstract Fifteen consecutive thyroid disease patients, ten with hyperthyroidism and five with hypothyroidism, have been investigated as far as gastric secretion was concerned. Gastric secretion of acid and intrinsic factor was studied in the patients both basally and with the augmented histamine test. In eight patients with hyperthyroidism and all patients with hypothyroidism, the gastric secretion of acid after histamine stimulation was significantly lowered. The secretion of intrinsic factor correlated with the secretion of acid, and was significantly depressed in four patients with hyperthyroidism and three with hypothyroidism. Further studies showed pernicious anemia in two patients with hypothyroidism.
PLASMA CELL NEPHROPATHY WITH RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS
Authors: Axelsson Uno
Published: August 2010

Abstract A case of renal tubular acidosis in a 34‐year‐old man with electrolytic disturbances, nephrocalcinosis and osteomalacia, and a long history of hypergammaglobulinemia with a positive Waaler‐Rose test is described. Surgical biopsy showed plasma cell infiltrates in the kidney. It is suggested that renal tubular acidosis might sometimes be a manifestation of an autoimmune disease, plasma cell nephropathy.
THE INCIDENCE OF CARDIAC MALFORMATIONS IN GREENLANDIC ESKIMOS
Authors: Harvald Bent , Hels Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Abstract. 757 children born in Godthåb, Greenland, in the years 1957–1964 were reexamined in 1966. Ten certain and four probable cases of congenital heart disease were diagnosed, mostly cases of ventricular septal defect. The incidence of 1.3‐1.9% is the highest registered in any ethnic group. The average mother's age of the patients was 32.1 years, the average mother's age of the total material 26.8 years. This difference is significant. The patients' average number in the sibship was 6.3, differing significantly from that of 3.2 in the total material. The social standard of the families of the patients was low. There is some indication that the incidence of cardiac malformations in the Greenlandic population is decreasing. This may be due either to improved social conditions or to a changing reproductive pattern with relatively fewer children born to old mothers.
SERUM FATTY ACID PATTERN IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS AFTER ACUTE ABUSE
Authors: Alling Christer , Dencker Sven J. , Svennerholm Lars , Tichý Jir̂í
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serum lipids were studied in 14 chronic alcoholic males, aged 30–56 years, after a bout of drinking. Ten male ward assistants, aged 22–58 years, served as controls. 1. No definite differences were found between alcoholics and controls in the level of total lipids and phospholipids in serum. There was a significant increase of serum cholesterol in the alcoholics compared to the controls. 2. Gas liquid, paper and thin‐layer chromatographic determinations of the fatty acid composition of serum cholesteryl esters demonstrated significantly lower figures for linoleic acid and significantly higher figures for monounsaturated fatty acids in the alcoholics. 3. Gas liquid chromatographic determinations of the fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides demonstrated that the decrease of linoleic acid and the increase of monounsaturated fatty acids were even more pronounced than in the cholesteryl esters. 4. Five alcoholics who were restudied two weeks after admission showed a normalization of the fatty acid pattern. The influence of diet and alcohol on the lipid pattern is discussed.
CASE OF TAKAYASU'S SYNDROME ACCELERATED (INITIATED?) BY ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Ask‐Upmark Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract.A case of Takayasu's syndrome in a woman, aged 30, is described. The onset of the syndrome corresponded in time with the administration of oral contraceptives. Since arterial occlusions were registered as well, it cannot be excluded that the oral contraceptives contributed at least to the acceleration of the arterial illness.
BLADDER TUMOURS INDUCED BY CHLORNAPHAZINE
Authors: Thiede Torben , Christensen Børge Chr.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Among 61 polycythaemic patients treated with chlornaphazine ten developed bladder tumours. Atypical cells have been demonstrated in the urines of another five. The induction period for tumour development was from approximately 3 to 10 years, rather independently of the total dose. Therefore, a careful follow‐up over a period of many years is necessary for patients who have received this treatment, even for low total doses. The most important link in the follow‐up is urinary examination for tumour cells.
RIGHT ATRIAL ECG RECORDING BY MEANS OF A SALINE‐FILLED POLYETHYLENE CATHETER
Authors: Flensted‐Jensen Ellen
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Right atrial ECG recording by means of a polyethylene catheter filled with 5% saline has been performed as a bedside procedure in 100 patients in a unit for intensive coronary care. It has proved a safe and useful method in the differential diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias, providing tracings of a good quality and clear definition of atrial activity.
ORGAN‐SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN IDIOPATHIC PANHYPOPITUITARISM, PRIMARY THYROID AND ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Nerup J. , Lindholm J. , Søborg M. , Halberg P.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Two hundred and forty‐eight sera from patients with idiopathic panhypopituitarism, primary myxedema, idiopathic Addison's disease as well as matched controls have been investigated for the presence of circulating organ‐specific antibodies.

Antibody against the secretory cells of the anterior pituitary could not be demonstrated by means of the technique used. In only one patient with pituitary failure was circulating antibody against thyroglobulin found, and neither microsomal thyroid antibody nor adrenal antibody could be detected in any case.

Based on these findings and a survey of the literature it is concluded that, in contrast to the findings in primary failure of the thyroid and the adrenals, the functional and anatomical alterations in these endocrine glands in hypopituitarism do not cause the formation of circulating organ antibodies.
DIABETIC AMYOTROPHY—A WELL‐DEFINED SYNDROME?
Authors: Gregersen G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Seventeen case reports from diabetics with muscular weakness and wasting of the extremities are reviewed briefly. Symptoms, signs and neurophysiological findings are discussed in the light of earlier reports, including histological studies. The clinical picture in peripheral diabetic neuropathy is variable. Sometimes sensory symptoms dominate and sometimes motor symptoms prevail. However, neuropathological and neurophysiological findings seem to be identical. It is concluded that there is no proof of the existence of a pure motor neuropathy as a well‐defined syndrome in diabetes mellitus as suggested by Garland.
STUDIES ON PLASMA ANGIOTENSINASE ACTIVITY IN NORMAL AND TOXEMIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Morandini Giorgio , Mangioni Costantino
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The behavior of plasma angiotensinase activity has been studied in normotensive pregnant women and in toxemic patients during pregnancy and in the puerperium.

In normal pregnant women a slight increase of plasma angiotensinase activity occurred in the third trimester, with a greater increase at the time of delivery. It rapidly normalized during the puerperium.

In toxemic patients in the third trimester of pregnancy and at the time of delivery the increase of plasma angiotensinase activity was more marked than that observed in normal pregnancy. The activity was also significantly higher for several days during the puerperium.

Examination of our results reveals a possible correlation between plasma angiotensinase activity and endogenous angiotensin production. The significance of reninangiotensin system involvement in normal and toxemic pregnancy is discussed.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STOMACH FOR THE ANTIPERNICIOUS PRINCIPLE IN THE LIVER OF PIGS. IV
Authors: Petri Svend
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Two patients with pernicious anaemia gave a mild, but unmistakable response to injection of a liver extract Hepsol 4–64 from a pig in which the fundus was preserved after removal of the cardia and pylorus and which had been followed for 13 1/2 months. This is, then, another demonstration of the decisive aetiological importance of the fundal region to the antipernicious principle of the liver in pigs. The still unknown causal relationship is discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that the fundus of the pig plays a role in the utilization of the intrinsic factor (in the pylorus and duodenum).
EFFECTS OF HIGH PROTEIN AND LOW PROTEIN DIETS ON ORNITHINE CARBAMOYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN SERUM (S‐OCT)
Authors: Brohult Johan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A protein‐rich diet (proteins accounting for 84% of the calories) for one week resulted in a continuous rise of S‐OCT in seven healthy subjects, the average level at the end of the week being almost twice that at the start. This diet was then replaced by a normal diet, whereupon the S‐OCT level rose to three times the initial level and then declined continuously. No significant change in S‐OCT was noted when a protein‐free diet was given for one week. S‐GOT and S‐GPT rose moderately when the supply of proteins was interrupted. The findings suggest that conditions which involve an increased protein breakdown result in elevated S‐OCT levels, probably due to an increased synthesis of OCT in the liver.
SERUM ORNITHINE CARBAMOYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY (S‐OCT) AFTER IRRADIATION OF MALIGNANT TUMOURS AND AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF ACTH
Authors: Brohult Johan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A group of 20 women who received radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix displayed a significant rise of S‐OCT 4–6 days later. This rise can hardly be explained by an increased adrenocortical stimulation elicited by the trauma because a corresponding stimulation (90 IU ACTH) in ten healthy subjects resulted in a significant drop in S‐OCT. A study of the nitrogen balance in six other subjects showed that adrenocortical stimulation with 90 IU ACTH did not lead to any increase in the breakdown of protein. These observations seem to support the theory that the increases in S‐OCT that were observed a few days after conditions involving an elevated breakdown of protein may be due to a release of some of the additional amount of OCT that is supposedly formed in the human liver during the maximal breakdown of protein.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Aberg Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The incidence of embolism and atrial thrombosis in a necropsy material of patients with atrial fibrillation was studied. In all 642 patients were reviewed. The incidence of embolism was high and significantly higher (p<0.05) in the group with valvular heart disease and congenital heart lesions compared to a group with mainly arteriosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease.

The occurrence of embolism was not correlated to the number of conversions to sinus rhythm in either group. On the other hand, there was a lower incidence of embolism in atrial fibrillation of short duration compared to long duration. This difference, however, was significant (p<0.001) only in the non‐valvular group.

These results are briefly discussed with regard to the indications for conversion of atrial fibrillation.
EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL AND MICROSCOPICAL METHODS FOR MASS DETECTION OF BACTERIURIA
Authors: Thysell Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract.As part of the search for a satisfactory screening test for bacteriuria suitable for mass detection, a comparison has been made of the tests that might be useful (Uroscreen, T.T.C. test, nitrite‐nitrate incubation test, catalase test, and microscopy of urine for bacteriuria and pyuria) and of quantitative urine culture, which have been carried out in parallel. The results have been compared with the earlier published results obtained by the respective methods.

None of the above screening tests has been found to fulfil the demands that should be placed on a test designed for mass detection. As regards the Uroscreen, T.T.C., and nitrite‐nitrate incubation tests and microscopy of the urine for bacteriuria, their sensitivity was good but their specificity unacceptably low. Microscopy for pyuria and the catalase test showed too low sensitivity and specificity. The nitrite test was the only test with acceptable specificity but its sensitivity was too low to render it acceptable as the only screening method for mass detection. Various types of simplified urine‐culture methods and Scherstén's glucose method remain to be evaluated.
ACUTE PORPHYRIA IN A HYPERTHYROID PATIENT
Authors: Lamberg B.‐A. , Koskelo Pentti , Runeberg Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A report is given on a female patient, 53 years of age, with acute porphyria and hyperthyroidism. The coincidence of these two conditions is probably rare but nonetheless presumably more common than is usually believed. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in acute porphyria may be difficult owing to some clinical phenomena common to both conditions and owing to the fact that in acute porphyria the serum protein bound iodine is often increased. The occurrence of hyperthyroidism in a patient with latent porphyria may induce its manifestation and increase the severity of the disease through unknown metabolic pathways.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND PLASMA PHOSPHOLIPID LEVELS
Authors: Berlin Ragnar , Oldfelt Carl Olof , Vikrot Olle
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A material of 22 cases of myocardial infarction has been analysed with regard to the lipid and phospholipid levels at the acute stage of the disease, and at the lime of discharge from hospital in 12 cases. Definitely decreased values of lysolecithin have been found which highly significantly differ from a reported normal material. A slight but probably significant decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine has been observed. The FFA level is also considerably elevated in comparison with the normal material. On incubation a lysolecithin increase takes place in the plasma of patients suffering from myocardial infarction as in normal subjects, and a concomitant decrease of lecithin occurs. Simultaneously triglycerides and FFA change, the former exhibiting a highly significant decrease and the latter an increase of the same significance level. As in normal subjects an esterification of free cholesterol occurs on incubation. Total cholesterol, total lipid phosphorus and sphingomyelin retain their preincubation levels as in the normal material.

The increase of lysolecithin in absolute figures is distinctly below the normal one, indicating that a diminished lecithinase activity has been observed. Cholesterol esterification on incubation is also definitely decreased, suggesting a reduced fatty acid transferase activity.

After the lapse of the initial disease period the same analyses were performed. At that time most patients had returned to or approached the normal lysolecithin level of their age group. The alterations after incubation at the re‐examination are the same as at the initial stage.

The possible biological and clinical significance of the reported findings is discussed.
EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF BETA‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Dorph Sven , Binder Christian
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Thirty‐one patients with slight or moderately severe hypertension have been treated with a beta‐receptor blocker for periods from two to 11 months. Twenty patients received the drug as the sole hypotensive treatment, 11 patients were given thiazide before and during the study. The treatment resulted in a significant fall in the average mean blood pressure in both groups of patients, of an order of magnitude similar to that obtained with thiazide in optimum doses. In one patient the treatment had to be discontinued very early because of increasing dyspnoea and gain in weight. Apart from this, only minor side‐effects were observed. More recent investigations seem to indicate that an increase in cardiac output is an essential factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this connexion the beta‐receptor blockers will be particularly important since, contrary to other hypotensive agents, their effect must be presumed to be related to a reduction in cardiac output.
MORBIDITY OF PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA
Authors: Pedersen A. Bisgaard , Mosbech Johannes
Published: August 2010

Abstract. On the basis of questionnaires distributed to 124 doctors and eight hospitals in the County of Odense (265,000 inhabitants), Denmark, the frequency of pernicious anaemia in the area has been calculated at September 15, 1967. There were 334 patients (224 females and 110 males) treated at this date. The prevalence was 1.3% (1.7% in females and 0.8% in males). In 60% of the patients the diagnosis was made during a stay in hospital and in 20% by examination in a central laboratory or by a specialist.

The prevalence is found to be highest in the older age groups, and within these groups there has been a heavy increase over the figures found during a similar survey in 1950 within the same area.

The incidence has risen from 8.9 to 9.5 per 100,000 inhabitants since 1950; and, assuming the same distribution of patients with pernicious anaemia in the entire country as in the County of Odense, it can be estimated that every year 400–450 new cases of the disease will be diagnosed and that over the whole of Denmark 6000 patients are being treated.

Eighty per cent of the patients are treated with hydroxocobemin (Vibeden) and cyanocobalamin‐tannine complex (Betolvex). Forty per cent of the patients receive more than the recommended dose. The sale of vitamin B12 preparations within the County in 1966 is, however, about three times as high as the quantity which is actually used for treating the patients with pernicious anaemia and patients with other vitamin B12 deficiencies recorded.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE LIPOLYTIC RESPONSE OF HUMAN SUBCUTANEOUS AND OMENTAL ADIPOSE TISSUE TO NORADRENALINE AND THEOPHYLLINE
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Hallberg Dag , Micheli Horace
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Subcutaneous and omental human adipose tissue, obtained at surgery, has been incubated in vitro, and the release of glycerol into the medium has been determined.

The addition of 0.1 μg of noradrenaline stimulated the glycerol release. Maximal stimulation was obtained with 1 μg of noradrenaline.

Theophylline in a concentration of 2.5 times 10‐4Mincreased lipolysis. Maximal effect was obtained with 10‐2Mconcentration, and higher concentrations tended to inhibit the release of glycerol.

When maximal stimulation of lipolysis was induced with these two agents there was a tendency, most pronounced for subcutaneous tissue, towards greater lipolysis with theophylline than with noradrenaline.

Subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue had similar basal release of glycerol. The omental tissue, however, had a significantly higher glycerol release than the subcutaneous tissue when they were maximally stimulated with either noradrenaline or theophylline.
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND CEREBRAL ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS
Authors: Ask‐Upmark Erik , Glas Jan‐Erik , Stenram Unne
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Attention is called to the causal relationship between the occurrence of cerebral arterial thrombosis and the use of oral contraceptives in several instances. Two such cases are briefly described, the ages of the patients being 40 years in one case, 17 years in the other. Necropsy confirmation available.
PROTEIN‐BOUND IODINE DURING ANTITHYROID TREATMENT
Authors: Christensen L. Korsgaard , Skovsted L. , Hansen J. Mølholm
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A combination of low protein‐bound iodine values and normal basal metabolic rates has been found in some thyrotoxic patients treated with antithyroid drugs. Experiments are presented which show that this observation can be explained by an increase in the triiodothyronine share of the circulating thyroid hormones in these patients.

The finding of a low PBI value in an antithyroid‐treated patient will in some cases not be an indication of myxoedema. It is suggested, however, that a low PBI value also in these patients is a sign of overtreatment. The practical outcome of these experiments and considerations, consequently, is that measurement of BMR values alone does not ensure adequate control during treatment with antithyroid agents. A determination of PBI values should be included and it is suggested that the dose of antithyroid compound is adjusted to keep the PBI within normal limits.
INTERMITTENT INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY IN FIVE YOUNG MALES FROM THE FAROE ISLANDS1
Authors: Tygstrup Niels , Jensen Bendt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Clinical and biochemical findings in five patients from the Faroe Islands with intermittent intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown etiology are described. This brings the number of recorded cases which fulfil the suggested criteria for the syndrome up to 24. The Faroe patients are all males and born between 1938 and 1943. In three patients the episodes of jaundice started during the first years of life, in two they started after puberty. Four of the patients had symptoms of pancreatic affection, in one the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis was confirmed by calcifications demonstrated on X‐ray. Two patients are distantly related, and one patient has a sister who presumably suffers from the same disease. It is conjectured that the pathogenesis is a defect in bile acid metabolism.
I. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE FAT EMBOLI IN THE POST‐ABSORPTIVE DOG
Authors: KERSTELL J. , HALLGREN B. , RUDENSTAM C.‐M. , SVANBORG A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Pulmonary fat emboli were isolated in 7 post‐absorptive dogs after bone fracture. The emboli consisted mainly of triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of these triglycerides was compared with that of plasma and bone marrow triglycerides. The triglycerides in the emboli were similar to those from bone marrow but differed from those in plasma.

These observations indicated that the bone marrow fat is the source of the embolised fat in the lungs in the case of trauma.

It was also concluded from the literature that fat emboli occur in other non‐traumatic conditions and that there must exist other possibilities for the formation of fat emboli.
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY INSUFFICIENCY, ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND VASOREGULATORY ASTHENIA1
Authors: Borg G. , Linderholm H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.A standardized work test has been performed by healthy subjects, patients with coronary heart disease, patients with arterial hypertension, and with the vasoregulatory asthenia syndrome. Heart frequency and rating of perceived exertion according to a rating method were assessed at various work loads. Different measures of physical working capacity were estimated.

Patients with vasoregulatory asthenia—and patients with arterial hypertension, although less markedly—rated the exertion to be less in relation to heart frequency than healthy controls, particularly at low rating levels. On the contrary, patients with coronary heart disease rated the exertion to be higher, particularly at high ratings, in relation to heart frequency.

In all patient groups studied, there was a smaller mean increase in heart rate in relation to a given increase in rating of exertion, i.e. for a given increase in heart rate there was a greater increase in rating of exertion than in healthy controls.

Submaximal measures of physical working capacity were based on heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. The ratio between measurements of physical working capacity based on heart rate and those based on rating of perceived exertion was low in the VA group and high in patients with coronary insufficiency when compared with controls of equal age. Patients with a low “maximal” performance during the test also had a low submaximal physical working capacity estimated from heart frequency as well as from rating of perceived exertion.

The difference found between the various patient groups, especially that between patients with coronary heart disease and patients with the vasoregulatory asthenia syndrome is of differential diagnostic value.
OCCURRENCE OF INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Pasternack A. , Tallqvist G. , Kuhlbäck B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Renal biopsies of 63 patients with acute oliguric renal failure have been studied. Interstitial cellular infiltration and oedema occurred in 76% of the patients. Follow‐up biopsies on 18 patients showed that chronic interstitial changes are frequent at least when the acute renal failure is due to a nephrotoxic agent.
BLOOD FLOW IN SUBCUTANEOUS FAT TISSUE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Häggendal Egil , Steen Bertil , Svanborg Alvar
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A comparison of the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue blood flow (FBF) has been made in 13 patients with diabetes mellitus and in 29 healthy individuals. As the metabolic state may influence the tissue blood flow, as well as vice versa, a possible relationship between FBF and the arterial levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, β‐hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids and aceto‐acetate was searched for.

The blood flow was calculated from the elimination curves from locally injected radioactive xenon.

The average blood flow was significantly (p< 0.001) higher in the diabetics than in the healthy individuals. There was a significant correlation between FBF and the abdominal skin temperature both in diabetics and in healthy individuals. The skin temperature was significantly higher in the diabetics.

The administration of insulin to the diabetics lowered the FBF. Prolonged fasting increased FBF in the healthy controls, as judged from observations after 17 hours of fasting. Fasting for 34 hours did not further change the FBF. No correlation was observed between the FBF and the arterial concentration of any of the substrates analyzed.
URINARY EXCRETION OF SERUM PROTEINS IN RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Kistner Sten , Norberg Renée
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Proteins in serum and concentrated urine from 41 patients suffering from renal diseases have been examined by electrophoresis in cellulose‐acetate gel, immunoelectrophoresis, and estimation of the immunoglobulin content. Clearance of electrophoretic fractions and immunoglobulins was assessed and each value was expressed as a proportion of the albumin clearance.

Patients with pyelonephritis and polycystic kidneys excreted relatively more globulin than did patients with glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, SLE, and renal amyloid. The difference was most marked in the case ofβ‐globulin, and immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed that this fraction in the first‐named patient group consisted almost exclusively of transferrin.

Immunoglobulin excretion showed no marked difference between the patient groups, with the exception that the urine of the pyelonephritis and the polycystic‐kidney patients always had a low content of IgA. Other variations could be attributed to variations in the total protein clearance.

The presence of bacteriuria did not influence the composition of the urine protein. High clearance of protein was noted only in patients with relatively well preserved renal function. In pyelonephritis the proteinuria was similar at different degrees of renal failure.

The results are discussed with respect to the origin of proteinuria associated with renal tubular disease.
A TWO‐YEAR CIRCULATORY FOLLOW‐UP OF PHYSICAL TRAINING AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Katila M. , Frick M. H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Circulatory effects of physical training after myocardial infarction have been evaluated in six middleaged men. The schedule consisted of studies before training, after a two month's programmed training, and after an additional two years' spontaneous physical activity. After two months three patients stopped the excess activity while three continued it at different levels.

Exercise tolerance, measured by ergometry, increased in all subjects after two months. The symptoms occurred at identical heart rates but external work loads evoking these heart rates were higher. After additional two‐year activity both the loads and heart rates tolerated were higher. In the subgroup who stopped the activity, exercise tolerance was largely at the pretraining level.

A decrease in tension‐time index and no change in heart volume explained the change at two months. The same parameters could be invoked to explain the deterioration of the inactive group after two years. After continued excess activity tension‐time indices during exercise were higher in two patients than the level at which symptoms occurred before training. Changes in heart volume were small after two years.

It is concluded that short‐term and long‐term training responses differ in the mode by which they increase exercise tolerance. After two months' training hemodynamic changes decreasing oxygen demand of the heart are sufficient to explain the progress, whereas after two years' activity additional, so far unverified, factors are involved.
A CASE OF ASYMPTOMATIC JUVENILE DIABETES MELLITUS WITH SEVERE INSULIN DEFICIENCY
Authors: Rehfeld Jens F.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus in a 13‐year‐old boy is reported. No significant endogenous insulin response could be induced by four different beta‐cell stimulatory tests. This insulin pattern is compared with the normal response of the patient's father, who was investigated owing to a childhood history of glucosuria. The significance of the present case of juvenile diabetes mellitus is discussed in relation to the recently described young subjects with mild and asymptomatic diabetes mellitus.
VARIATIONS IN PLASMA GLUCOSE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND DIABETICS IN THE FASTING STATE
Authors: Deckert Torsten , Ege Peter
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In 23 normal subjects and seven juvenile diabetics the plasma level of glucose has been determined at 30‐sec intervals under basal conditions. In seven of the normal persons venous blood was studied, in the remaining subjects arterial blood. Only arterial blood was studied in the diabetic group. In some, but not all, of the subjects the variations in the glucose level significantly exceeded the error of the measurement. There were short‐lasting, irregular undulations in the gluose concentration of an amplitude of 2–8 mg/100 ml during periods of 2–6 min. There was no significant difference in glucose variations between normals and diabetics. This may be interpreted as evidence that an intact beta‐cell function is not necessary for maintaining a normal glucose homeostasis. The authors advance the hypothesis that the glucose concentration in the fasting state is regulated primarily by a feedback mechanism between glucose and the activities of the enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of the liver. This mechanism does not require normally functioning endocrine glands, only the presence of certain minimum concentrations of the glucostatic hormones, in particular insulin and possibly glucagon.
VISCERAL CHANGES IN SEVERE HYPERTENSION AND THEIR RESPONSE TO DRUG TREATMENT
Authors: Dorph Sven , Leth Arae , Degnbol Bjarne , From Arne
Published: August 2010

Abstract. On the basis of a series of 112 patients with severe hypertension, treated in an outpatient clinic for an average period of 3.5 years, the most important visceral changes are described on the basis of retinal findings, electrocardiogram, heart volume and serum creatinine. The effect of treatment on these objective symptoms is correlated to the degree of reduction in blood pressure obtained. Reduction in the mean blood pressure to ≤ 133% of the normal for the age, produced a considerable regression of the retinal and cardiac changes caused by hypertension, whereas in about 90% of these patients the serum creatinine concentration did not increase during the period of treatment. A further reduction in blood pressure to ≤ 120% of normal produced corresponding but not better results. In patients with poorer regulation of blood pressure (blood pressure >133% of normal) the results, however, were considerably less favourable. The renal function at commencement of treatment was found to be of great importance for the prognosis.
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AND VERY SEVERE RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Skov Poul Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Clearance studies in patients with markedly reduced renal function can be performed with satisfactory accuracy without catheterization of the bladder. A reliable infusion technique, careful instruction and supervision during the study, together with clearance periods of adequate length, are necessary. Endogenous creatinine clearance does not provide a reliable expression for glomerular filtration in patients with renal insufficiency and in patients with the nephrotic syndrome, because renal function is consistently overestimated. This overestimation is approximately 25 to 50% in patients with an inulin clearance less than 25 ml/min. 125iothalamate clearance in the same series of patients provided an exact measure of glomerular filtration rate, as the mean ratio cIo/cIn was 0.97.
CATECHOLAMINES AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Efendić Suad
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The effects on lipolysis of l‐noradrenaline, l‐isopropylnoradrenaline, theophylline and N6‐2′0‐dibutyryl‐adenosine 3,5 monophosphate have been studied on sections of human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue obtained from 17 subjects undergoing abdominal surgery.

In both tissues isopropylnoradrenaline, an almost pure beta adrenergic stimulator, induced higher glycerol release than noradrenaline. The alpha adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine increased the noradrenaline‐stimulated glycerol release in both tissues. These data indicate that catecholamine‐induced lipolysis is mediated by beta adrenergic receptors and is inhibited by alpha receptors.

Lipolysis induced by either noradrenaline or isopropylnoradrenaline was greater in omental than in subcutaneous adipose tissue. On the other hand theophylline, which is supposed to increase the tissue level of cyclic AMP, and administration of cyclic AMP itself (the dibutyryl form), induced almost equal lipolysis in both tissues. It is therefore suggested that the lower lipolytic response to catecholamines of subcutaneous adipose tissue is due to a lower formation of cyclic AMP.
CATECHOLAMINES AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Efendić Suad , Östman Jan
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The influence of glucose on the in vitro lipolysis of human omental adipose tissue has been studied. Omental tissue obtained at surgery during general anesthesia was incubated in Krebs‐Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 3% bovine albumin with and without added glucose (2 mg/ml). Glycerol release into the medium was considered as an index of lipolysis. Glucose enhanced the basal lipolysis and potentiated significantly the adipokinetic effects of noradrenaline, isopropylnoradrenaline and N6‐2′0‐dibutyryl cAMP (dibutyryl cAMP). The slope of glycerol release obtained for dibutyryl cAMP in glucose‐free versus glucose‐containing medium was significantly different from those obtained for noradrenaline and isopropylnoradrenaline. This difference might be explained if it is admitted that glucose stimulates lipolysis by acting on two different sites: (a) close to the triglyceride‐splitting enzyme system, and (b) close to the beta‐adrenergic receptor.

In a second series of experiments the effect of glucose on the level of FFA was studied in tissue and in medium with noradrenaline present. No changes in the net release of FFA were observed, whereas a slight increase in the tissue level of FFA was demonstrated. These findings in human tissue are not in accordance with those previously described in rat epididymal fat pad, and do not justify the assumption that a decrease in the tissue level of FFA is the “trigger mechanism” for the lipolysis‐promoting effect of glucose.

A marked decrease in the glycerol release was noticed when 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose was added to medium containing noradrenaline, isopropylnoradrenaline and dibutyryl cAMP. The data are consistent with the view that glucose metabolism and the activity of triglyceride lipase are closely related.
INFLUENCE OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 ON LIPOLYSIS INDUCED BY NORADRENALINE, ISOPROPYLNORADRENALINE, THEOPHYLLINE, AND DIBUTYRYL cAMP IN HUMAN OMENTAL ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO
Authors: Efendić Suad
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The antilipolytic effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been studied in human omental adipose tissue in vitro in order to explore the site of its action. Samples of omental tissue obtained during surgery were incubated in Krebs‐Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing bovine albumin and glucose. Glycerol release was taken as an index of lipolysis. PGE, had no influence on either basal lipolysis or on lipolysis induced with N6‐2′0‐dibutyryl cAMP, but significantly decreased the glycerol release induced by theophylline. PGE1 inhibited lipolysis induced by isopropylnoradrenaline more effectively than that by noradrenaline. This difference was eliminated by the addition of the alpha adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine to incubation medium containing noradrenaline. Previously we have shown that phentolamine regularly potentiated the lipolysis induced by noradrenaline, indicating that the alpha adrenergic effect of noradrenaline in human adipose tissue has an inhibiting influence on lipolysis. With this background the present findings were interpreted as indicating that PGE, inhibits the alpha as well as the beta adrenergic effect of noradrenaline. The net effect of PGE1 on lipolysis in human omental adipose tissue in vitro seems to depend on the activity of these receptors.
RENAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Authors: Pasternack A. , Tallqvist G. , Martio J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Kidney biopsies revealed vascular changes in eleven out of fourteen patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Three had amyloidosis, six had severe renal vascular fibrinoid changes and two had moderate lesions. The fibrinoid vascular changes resembled those seen in other autoimmune diseases. Skin biopsies were performed in eight of the patients. No changes were noted.
THE LIPEMIA IN FAMILIAL PLASMA LECITHIN: CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Hamnström Bengt
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The earlier investigations of a female patient with familial plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (IXAT) deficiency showed that a good deal of the triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins had physical properties similar to those of the chylomicrons. Moreover, the heparin‐induced lipoprotein lipase activity (LLA) was distinctly reduced. The present study had the purpose of determining the type of lipemia in LCAT deficiency. For a week the patient had a high fat diet, the next week a high carbohydrate diet. The lipemia was carbohydrate‐induced. The top fraction on the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) density gradient strongly increased when the patient was given a diet extremely rich in carbohydrate. A broad beta‐lipoprotein band followed by a marked trail could be seen by lipid electrophoresis. There were very small amounts of alpha‐lipoprotein during the whole experiment. The results are discussed, particularly with regard to the possible effect of lack of LCAT activity on the plasma lipoproteins.
POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES IN THE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN‐INDUCED INHIBITION OF THE IN VITRO MIGRATION OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Clausen Jens Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Antigen‐induced inhibition of cell migration, a good in vitro parameter for cellular hypersensitivity, occurs only when the tested cell population contains both lymphocytes and cells with phagocytic properties. Leucocyte migration studies are presented of non‐separated leucocytes, isolated polymorphonuclear leucocytes, isolated mononuclear leucocytes, a mixture of preseparated polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes, and a mixture of preseparated polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes from brucella‐positive and brucella‐negative persons. Isolated polymorphonuclear leucocytes and isolated mononuclear leucocytes from brucella‐positive persons did not show antigen‐induced inhibition of migration. A mixture of preseparated polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes and a mixture of preseparated polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes showed antigen‐induced inhibition of migration to the same degree as non‐separated leucocytes. The studies indicate that inhibition of leucocyte migration is dependent on the presence of both lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, whereas the monocyte scarcely plays any decisive part in the leucocyte migration test.
EVALUATION OF PANCREATIC SCANNING
Authors: Liewendahl K. , Kvist G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Pancreatic scanning is evaluated. The scanning diagnosis was correct in 96% of patients whose scans were interpreted as normal. When a scan was regarded as pathological, in only 47% could a pancreatic disease be verified. The reason for obtaining wrong positive scans is not well understood. The present study would indicate that diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract will often cause a diffuse decrease in the incorporation of 75Se‐selenomethionine into the pancreas. In patients with malignant disease or diabetes there were also many wrong scanning diagnoses. Pancreatic scanning is therefore of limited value in the diagnosis of diffuse pancreatic disease. It can readily be used for detecting pancreatic tumors of over 2 cm size. Its major value is, however, in excluding pancreatic disease with a high degree of confidence when a normal scan is obtained.