bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevención de úlceras por presión en el paciente encamado: nuevas evidencias
Authors: Peris Armero Alejandra , González Chordá Víctor Manuel
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Identificar las mejores medidas para prevención de las úlceras por presión (UPP) relacionadas con superficies de apoyo y cambios posturales, aceite de oliva y ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados, uso profiláctico de apósitos y administración de complementos nutricionales. Método: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura. Las palabras clave fueron úlcera por presión, paciente inmovilizado, prevención primaria. Se consultaron las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, Cochrane, Scopus y CINHAL. El límite temporal fue de 5 años. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 833 artículos, de los cuales 793 (95’2%) fueron excluidos. El principal motivo de exclusión fue que el tema de prevención se dirigía hacia otras patologías. Pubmed fue la base de datos con mayor número de artículos con 410 resultados, seguida de CINAHL con 170. Los 40 artículos incluidos fueron clasificados según el tema de los objetivos específicos. Conclusiones: Tanto los colchones que disminuyen la presión como los cambios de posición son buenas medidas de prevención, aunque se precisa más evidencia sobre los tipos de materiales y los tiempos respectivamente. El aceite de oliva se muestra como una alternativa a los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados para la prevención ya que son igual de eficaces en la prevención. Respecto al uso de apósitos de manera profiláctica, muestran una mayor efectividad los apósitos hidrocoloides y los apósitos transparentes de poliuretano. Se necesita más investigaciones para determinar la efectividad de los complementos nutricionales en la prevención de UPP.
The value of our personal data in the Big Data and the Internet of all Things Era
Authors: Becerril Anahiby Anyel
Published: December 2018

The fourth industrial revolution, in which we transit, is preceded by a digital economy based fundamentally on information. And although estimates have been made on whether the data moving in the digital economy flow are from sensors or machines or come from each of us, one thing is certain, all information has a monetary value. Within this flow of information are our personal data. Every moment that we use an electronic device we leave behind vestiges of our life, which are collected by the machines to generate value to the companies. In this way our information is subject to market rules, supply and demand. We have become intangible beings, mercantilized, giving our bodies of data to the science, innovation and technological development. With the use of technologies such as Big Data and IoT, more information less is better. The speed with which our information is collected and treated as well as commercialized is undermining confidence in the digital market. Concern about the misuse of our personal data, or about the information we know about us, raises fundamental questions about privacy, ownership of information and human rights. The question of who should benefit from products and services based on digital data (generated by users) are the main uncertainties that shape the digital market opportunities. But, how can we measure trust in companies if we are not aware of the value our personal information has in the digital economy? What is the value that, as headlines, we give to our personal data? Perhaps therein lies the problem of allowing others to have power over our information. To promote the digital market and trust in it, we need to know the value of our information. Becoming aware of the fact and consequences of collecting our data, as well as its monetary value and importance in the digital economy, is the first beneficial step towards the empowerment of our information
Design of CNN architecture for Hindi Characters
Authors: Yadav Madhuri , Kr Purwar Ravindra , Jain Anchal
Published: December 2018

Handwritten character recognition is a challenging problem which received attention because of its potential benefits in real-life applications. It automates manual paper work, thus saving both time and money, but due to low recognition accuracy it is not yet practically possible. This work achieves higher recognition rates for handwritten isolated characters using Deep learning based Convolutional neural network (CNN). The architecture of these networks is complex and plays important role in success of character recognizer, thus this work experiments on different CNN architectures, investigates different optimization algorithms and trainable parameters. The experiments are conducted on two different types of grayscale datasets to make this work more generic and robust. One of the CNN architecture in combination with adadelta optimization achieved a recognition rate of 97.95%. The experimental results demonstrate that CNN based end-to-end learning achieves recognition rates much better than the traditional techniques.
RANSOMWARE - KIDNAPPING PERSONAL DATA FOR RANSOM AND THE INFORMATION AS HOSTAGE
Authors: Ferreira Márcio Ricardo , Kawakami Cynthia
Published: December 2018

The mankind faces a new overview to legally handle with the hyper-connected society, in which personal data and privacy are closely related. This globalization affected directly the criminality, both in its extension and in its structure and occurrence, entailing the occurrence of new criminal conduct, such as the ransomware. The problem is that, the few existent legislations do not successfully encompass the kidnap of personal data for ransom. In this regard, this paper proposes an analysis on the vulnerability of personal data in the New Information Technologies and the Communication, the scope is to analyze the conduct and propose new solutions, aiming to bring more legal certainty to this issue. This new criminological reality deserves reflection, therefore, the present paper will adopt the comparative-deductive method to examine what the existent doctrine and jurisprudence state, in order to assess the necessity (or not) of the creation of a specific criminal legislation for privacy and personal data security of the Internet's user. The main result found is the necessity of the creation of an autonomous field of Criminal Cyber Law to handle with the offensive conducts against information and the legislative evolution demanded to offer specific solutions to RANSOMWARE, which is a new conduct, extremely different from the extortion and kidnapping that society is used to, typical in this new reality where the Information Society lives.
JAMDER: JADE to MULTI-Agent Systems Development Resource
Authors: Lopes Yrleyjander S. , Cortés Mariela I. , Tavares Gonçalves Enyo José , Oliveira Robson
Published: December 2018

The semantic gap is distinguished by the difference between two descriptions generated using different representations. This difference has a negative impact on the developer productivity and probably, the quality of the written code. In software development context, the coding phase aims at coding the system consistent with the detailed project developed with a group of designed models. This paper presents an endeavor to consolidate different agent type definitions and implementation concepts for Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) involving the adaptation of the JADE framework regarding the theoretical concepts in MAS. Additionally, it contains a standardization of code generation. The main benefit of the proposed extension is to include the agent internal architectures, entities and relationships in an implementation framework and increase the productivity by code generation, ensuring the consistency between design and code. The applicability of the extension is illustrated by developing a multi-agent system for Moodle.
REALIDADES PRISIONAIS E VULNERABILIZAÇÃO ÉTNICA: ASPECTOS SOBRE A QUESTÃO INDÍGENA NO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Almeida Bruno Rotta , Sallet Bruna Hoisler
Published: December 2018

O artigo estuda a questão indígena no âmbito do sistema penitenciário brasileiro a partir da compreensão das realidades prisionais e do respeito ao multiculturalismo e pluralismo étnico. O texto procura indagar, por meio da consulta a informações penitenciárias e relatórios de distintos órgãos públicos, em que medida pode ser visualizada uma vulnerabilização étnica que afeta as pessoas indígenas privadas de liberdade no Brasil, a fim de propor, ao final, perspectivas de enfrentamentos ao problema em questão. A pesquisa possui relevância diante da necessária análise das sobrecargas carcerárias e da constante violações de direitos fundamentais nas unidades penais do país, notadamente com relação aos grupos sociais vulneráveis/vulnerabilizados. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, o artigo expõe informações sobre a vulnerabilidade em âmbito prisional no país. A seguir, demonstra os caracteres que envolve a violência institucional e o desrespeito a direitos fundamentais nas prisões, indicando o espaço de violações dos direitos das pessoas indígenas privadas de liberdade. Após, exibe um repertório de normativas internacionais e nacionais sobre a trajetória dos direitos e das políticas públicas em torno da questão indígena. Por fim, oferece alguns enfrentamentos e novas perspectivas acerca do problema proposto.
A PRISÃO PREVENTIVA EM PASSO FUNDO-RS: ANÁLISE EMPÍRICO-CRIMINOLÓGICA COM BASE NAS PRISÕES DECRETADAS EM REGIME DE PLANTÃO NO ANO DE 2018
Authors: Dias Felipe da Veiga , Santos Lucas da Silva
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo possui como tema a prisão preventiva, tendo como problema de pesquisa quais os principais discursos e fundamentos jurídicos em que se baseiam os juízes nos decretos prisionais preventivos? Esses discursos estão atrelados a alguma ideologia? Desse modo, o objetivo central do estudo está na análise dos discursos e fundamentos jurídicos presentes nos decretos prisionais preventivos em regime de plantão na cidade de Passo Fundo/RS, a partir do estudo empírico das decisões judiciais. Assim, utiliza-se o método de abordagem predominantemente indutivo. Soma-se ao método de procedimento monográfico, e a técnica de pesquisa da documentação indireta. Conclui-se que os dados empíricos reforçam a visão nacional no sentido de um discurso punitivo atrelado às decisões judiciais, de modo que a ausência da ruptura discursiva por parte do Judiciário contribui sensivelmente para o incremento do superencarceramento e para a banalização no uso da prisão preventiva como instrumento de punição antecipada.
Teoria ator-rede (TAR) como instrumento de pesquisa em turismo: buscando aproximações e contribuições
Authors: Delgado Anna Karenina Chaves , Andrade Jackeline Amantino de
Published: December 2018

O artigo apresenta as principais ideias da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) discutidas por seus fundadores e suas aplicações em pesquisas sobre turismo, visando despertar o interesse de pesquisadores brasileiros a respeito da temática, tendo em vista que a TAR tem o potencial de proporcionar novas formas de análise ao fenômeno turístico. Assim, para apresentar um breve panorama desses estudos, seleciona-se uma amostra de periódicos nacionais e internacionais por meio do CiteScore da Scopus e do estrato Qualis da CAPES, e dentro desses são feitas buscas nos títulos, resumos e palavras-chave pelas expressões Teoria Ator-Rede, translação, simetria generalizada e performatividade. A partir dessas buscas, é possível perceber que a quantidade de artigos internacionais é superior, assim como a variedade temática. As produções nos periódicos internacionais analisados não se encontram restritas a um grupo de autores específicos, no entanto, em termos geográficos, ainda estão associados a instituições europeias. Também se nota que a performatividade, tema mais frequente em periódicos internacionais, é associada a discussões sobre autenticidade, multiplicidade e processos de organização, enquanto que os artigos que se referem diretamente à TAR e à translação discutem especialmente a heterogeneidade do turismo.
Política pública de habilitación y desarrollo socioeconómico en el turismo
Authors: Zambrano-Pontón María Belén , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz , Abrantes Luiz Antônio
Published: December 2018

Este artigo buscou analisar a evolução da política tributária de distribuição do imposto com critério turístico e suas implicações nos indicadores socioeconômicos para os Municípios. Esta política é tratada como de habilitação e desenvolvimento socioeconômico no turismo, conhecida como o ICMS Turístico. Metodologicamente, este estudo concentrou sua análise em 853 Municípios no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante o período de 2011 a 2015, identificando 237 Municípios, que durante esse período passaram a receber o repasse financeiro do ICMS turístico. Foram utilizados dados secundários para a análise estatística descritiva. Como resultados, observou-se que os municípios habilitados demonstraram estar mais desenvolvidos socioeconomicamente do que os que não se habilitaram no período analisado. Por outro lado, o aumento do número de municípios habilitados tem reduzido o valor de recursos captados por município, tornando a política menos atrativa para sua habilitação ao longo do tempo. A contribuição deste artigo reside em demonstrar que a distribuição de recursos de um imposto com critério turístico pode atender determinados objetivos governamentais e ser um novo tipo de instrumento de política pública de turismo que possibilita desenvolvimento socioeconômico, mas que requer acompanhamento, revisões e melhoria contínua por parte das organizações públicas competentes para sua maior efetividade.
Lysozyme-Induced Degradation of Chitosan: The Characterisation of Degraded Chitosan Scaffolds
Authors: Lončarević Andrea , Ivanković Marica , Rogina Anamarija
Published: December 2018

Up till now, chitosan has confirmed its versatile application in skin, cartilage and bone tissue engineering, as well as in drug delivery applications. This study is focused on enzymatic degradation of porous chitosan structures usually designed for mentioned purposes. In vitro degradation was monitored during four weeks of incubation at physiological temperature and in two different media, phosphate buffer saline solution and water. The scaffolds were characterised before and after enzymatic degradation using scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformations (FTIR). According to the gravimetric analysis, higher weight loss of chitosan scaffolds was observed in buffered medium with respect to the water. The results implied that the total weight loss obtained in buffer involves physical dissolution of chitosan and lysozyme cleavage of glycoside bond. Importantly, FTIR identification of chitosan scaffolds after enzymatic degradation indicated the absence of lysozyme activity in water, indicating that weight loss is a result of the chitosan dissolution. This finding greatly impacts design of degradation experiments and characterisation of degradation behaviour of chitosan-based materials utilised as implants or drug delivery systems.
La evaluación como práctica integral formativa
Authors: Rodriguez Dr. Arq. Lucas
Published: December 2018

El artículo presenta aportes en la temática de la evaluación en los talleres de Arquitectura, desde la investigación doctoral FAU UNLP realizada por los autores. Al respecto, se describe el problema de investigación (“la reducción de las prácticas de evaluación a la calificación y acreditación”), el objetivo general (“analizar y describir las variables intervinientes en las modalidades didácticas de evaluación utilizadas en la enseñanza de la Arquitectura, en aporte hacia su resignificación y uso como práctica integral de formación”) y la hipótesis principal (“la capacitación docente en aspectos pedagógicos clave sobre evaluación promueve su uso en sentido integral, en promoción de la formación cuantitativa y cualitativa de los actores”). Se describen las definiciones de base en relación a la evaluación y las lógicas de taller, junto con la modalidad didáctica de enchinchada. Se plantea la metodología de abordaje de la propuesta y su aplicación a través de una práctica de capacitación docente. Concluyendo con reflexiones en relación a la necesidad de estimular y producir capacitación en aspectos pedagógicos clave hacia la formación integral para la mejora de nuestras prácticas en docencia universitaria.
Investigación y extensión universitaria: una mirada desde la Universidad de Matanzas, Cuba
Authors: López Martínez Jesús , Domínguez Suárez Amalia , Gallardo Sarmiento Abel , Navarro Abreu Yarisbel
Published: December 2018

En el trabajo se aborda la integración entre los procesos sustantivos universitarios (formación-investigación-extensión), que en las universidades cubanas se concibe desde los planes de estudio mediante la disciplina principal integradora. Elloposibilita la vinculación de la teoría con la práctica en función de solucionar problemas de la realidad durante el desarrollo de la práctica laboral-investigativa, al posicionar a los estudiantes como protagonistas de los cambios. Se exponen los resultados de proyectos donde se ha producido una transformación de la realidad social con el protagonismo de los estudiantes, mediante el empleo de la investigación–acción participativa, a partirdel desarrollo delos currículos de las carreras de Agronomía, Licenciatura en Gestión Sociocultural para el Desarrollo y Licenciatura en Cultura Física.
Extensión y etnografía: una travesía por la integralidad y la comprensión de prácticas de comunicación comunitaria
Authors: Schneider Gretel
Published: December 2018

En este artículo proponemos destacar la importancia del registro etnográfico como herramienta para documentar los recorridos de la intervención desde la universidad en diversos entramados sociales y facilitar procesos de producción de conocimiento.

En el Área de Comunicación Comunitaria de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación (UNER) consideramos que llevar registros etnográficos durante el desarrollo de los proyectos de extensión entre los años 2004 a 2017 nos permitió establecer definiciones sobre cómo pensamos y hacemos la extensión, reconocer las condiciones en las que se despliega la intervención, pensar y repensar la práctica, reconocer modos de significación del mundo y encaminarnos en un proceso reflexivo que nos lleva a ser sujetos de la integralidad de las funciones universitarias, lo que pone en discusión la noción cristalizada de “investigadores puros”. Por ello es que nos interesa aquí, recuperar y compartir el valor de la tarea de documentar los recorridos extensionistas, desde nuestra experiencia de talleres en la cárcel en los que llevamos registros etnográficos a modo de notas de campo.
Saberes y sabores en diálogo: curricularización de la extensión e Investigación–Acción Participativa
Authors: Monteverde Ana Clara , Possidoni Cristina , Peruzzo Laura , Naef Elisa
Published: December 2018

“Saberes y sabores en diálogo” tiene como eje la integración de docencia, extensión e investigación desde un diseño de Investigación–Acción Participativa (IAP). Enfrentamos el desafío de diseñar prácticas de extensión integradas al currículo universitario para brindar a los estudiantes la oportunidad de involucrarse en los problemas reales de la comunidad y ejercitar las habilidades propias del investigador. Por ser un proyecto de IAP, se fue construyendo conocimiento a partir de las instancias de trabajo colectivo, que permitieron valorizar los saberes previos de todas las personas ligados a su alimentación, producir recursos educativos que dieron cuenta de las reflexiones generadas durante el proceso y propiciaron el enriquecimiento recíproco. Esta propuesta posibilitó fortalecer y estimular el desarrollo y la formación integral de los futuros profesionales al generar un espacio donde los contenidos curriculares específicos se construyan a la luz de los saberes alimentarios populares, así como estos se entiendan desde el análisis científico.
Educación superior, internacionalización e integración en América Latina y el Caribe. Balance regional y prospectivo
Authors: Buscemi Amelia
Published: December 2018

La presente publicación fue presentada en el marco de Conferencia Regional de Educación Superior (CRES) celebrada en Córdoba en junio de 2018, a 100 años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918. El libro realiza un balance con visos prospectivos, detectando prácticas significativas y dificultades en materia de integración e internacionalización de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). El documento contiene 7 capítulos que dan cuenta de las dimensiones y elementos propios de la internacionalización y las reflexiones que presentan los autores, arrojando datos valiosos sobre los últimos desarrollos, avances y desafíos para la región, como una suerte de “hoja de ruta” para los escenarios venideros que permiten diseñar políticas efectivas y con potencial de cambio en el mismo sentido, así como también, contribuir a mejorar la calidad y la atractividad de los sistemas de educación superior de ALC, su posicionamiento y competitividad internacional que necesitan nuestros países.
John L. Austin: el papel de la retórica en la periferia de la filosofía
Authors: Rodríguez Ponce María Isabel
Published: December 2018

Este artículo analiza una variedad de aspectos (biográficos, históricos, teóricos, metodológicos) que aportan luz sobre la peculiaridad de John L. Austin y su filosofía, así como sobre el rechazo que se generó hacia ella. De entre todas estas facetas, este trabajo destaca las estilísticas y discursivas, especialmente el papel de la retórica, con el fin de mostrar cómo este autor crea una prosa performativa en perfecta consonancia con su contenido intelectual. De este modo, Austin dota a su obra de una excepcional coherencia entre contenido y forma.
¿Para qué sirve la historia de la filosofía? A propósito de la teoría de la percepción de John R. Searle
Authors: Valdivia Fuenzalida José Antonio
Published: December 2018

John Searle defiende el «realismo directo», el cual sostiene que el objeto directo de la percepción es la realidad extra-mental. En conformidad con esta teoría, no hay ningún tipo de entidad intermediaria entre el acto perceptivo y la cosa percibida, como una «representación», «semejanza» o «especie». De hecho, Searle desarrolla sistemáticamente una teoría de la percepción que despliega las posibilidades explicativas de la tesis mencionada. En el presente artículo, se comentan ciertos aspectos de esta con el propósito de compararlos con teorías del conocimiento propuestas por pensadores medievales. Se intenta poner de manifiesto que la teoría de Searle no ofrece nada radicalmente nuevo y que cae en ciertos errores que pudo evitar de haber conocido los trabajos de la historiografía medieval que se ocupan de estos temas. Así, se reivindica la importancia de la historia de la filosofía.
The welfare cost of inflation with banking time
Authors: Gillman Max
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the welfare cost of inflation in a banking time economy that models exchange credit through a bank production approach. The estimate of welfare cost uses fundamental parameters of utility and production technologies. It is compared to a cash-only economy, and a [Lucas, Robert Jr. E. 2000. “Inflation and Welfare.” Econometrica 68 (2): 247–274.] shopping economy without leisure, as special cases. The paper estimates the welfare cost of a 10% inflation rate instead of zero, for comparison to other estimates, as well as the cost of a 2% inflation rate instead of a zero inflation rate. A zero rate is statutorily specified as the US inflation rate target in the 1978 Employment Act amendments. The paper provides a conservative welfare cost estimate of 2% inflation instead of zero at $33 billion a year. Estimates of the percent of government expenditure that can be financed through a 2% vs. zero inflation rate are also provided.
Factors Affecting the Development of Voluntary Pension Schemes in CEE Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Edyta
Published: December 2018

The study provides some quantitative information on voluntary pension plans in 10 CEE countries obtained from various local sources. The comparative analysis shows that there is a considerable variation in this group in terms of participation and contributions to the voluntary pension plans. In addition, this study empirically examines several factors that can possibly affect the development of voluntary pensions: income per capita and poverty rate, income inequality, replacement rate from the pension system, education attainment, interest rate and demographic burden. It uses a panel regression framework for the period of 2006–2014. The results reveal that, in the case of participation in voluntary pension plans, only income level per capita is associated with a greater number of pension plan members. As far as contributions are concerned, education seems to be the most important determinant of additional pension savings. Other factors do not seem to explain well both of the studied variables reflecting the development of voluntary pension schemes. However, as individual fixed effects are proven to be significant in the estimated models, one could conclude that country-specific characteristics play a significant role in explaining the development of voluntary pension schemes. They can be referred to the design and parametric settings of the non-mandatory pension system.
EFFECT OF ROW DIRECTIONS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFECTO DE LA DIRECCION DE EXTENSION DE HILERA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y LOS COMPONENTES DEL RENDIMIENTO DE GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFET DU SENS DES RANGÉES SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LES COMPOSANTES DU RENDEMENT CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Shafiullah S. Asad , Baitullah M.A. Rana , Baitullah A.S. Khan
Published: December 2018

Effect of different row directions on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied in a field experiment at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, during spring 1991 and 1992. Four row directions, i.e., north-south (NS), east-west (EW), north eastsouth west (NESW) and north west-south east (NWSE) had very little effect on seed yield and other agronomic characters of sunflower. The differences in the mean plant height, head diameter, seed yield, 100-achene weight and fatty acid profile were statistically non-significant. Trends were similar in both years. As an average of the two years, although statistically non-significant, the highest seed yield of 3065 kg/ha was obtained from north east-south west (NESW) row direction and the lowest yield of 2624 kg/ha from east-west (EW) row direction. The most pronounced effect of row direction was noted on seed moisture content. As an average of the two years, the maximum seed moisture content at harvest (21.4%) was obtained from east-west (EW) row direction and the minimum (14.6%) from north-south (NS) row direction. NESW row direction also gave significantly lower moisture content (15.1%) than EW (21.4%) and NWSE (18.1%) row directions. Therefore, using north-south and NESW row directions would help the crop to dry more quickly before harvest and reduce post harvest costs and losses. Seed production fields that require examination of sunflower heads to detect pollen production should be planted in NS rows for efficient roguing to maintain genetic purity. For research plots, EW rows with plot labels on the east end are often preferred, because it is easier to evaluate most plots when all heads face the viewer.
Partition Behavior of Alloying Elements in Nickel-Based Alloys and Their Activity Interaction Parameters and Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients
Authors: Ju Tianhua , Ding Xueyong , Zhang Yingyi , Chen Xiangkui , Chen Weiliang , Wang Bo , Yan Xinlin
Published: December 2018

The partition behavior of alloying elements between the γ’ and γ phases in Nickel-based alloys was investigated by using infinite dilution activity coefficient and activity interaction parameter. The results showed that the preferential partition behavior of elements in the γ’ and γ phases is related to its infinite dilution activity coefficient (

ln

γ
i
0

\ln \gamma _i^0

). When

ln

γ
i
0

≪
0

\ln \gamma _i^0 \ll 0

, the element
i
has a strong tendency to partition in the γ’ phase; When

ln

γ
i
0

\ln \gamma _i^0

approaches to zero, the element
i
has preferentially partition to the matrix γ phase. In addition, the partition behavior of element
i
in the γ’ and γ phases is also affected by the third element
j
in Nickel-based alloys, and this effect can be distinguished by the sign of the second-order activity interaction parameter

ρ
i

i
j

\rho _i^{ij}

.
Theoretical Assessment of a Porous Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Wave Propagation
Authors: Yakasai Izaddeen Kabir , Rahman Atta , Abas Pg Emeroylariffion , Begum Feroza
Published: December 2018

A porous core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for transmitting terahertz waves is reported and characterized using finite element method. It is shown that by enveloping an octagonal core consisting of only circular air holes in a hexagonal cladding, it is possible to attain low effective material loss that is 73.8% lower than the bulk material absorption loss at 1.0 THz operating frequency. Moreover, a low confinement loss of 7.53×10–5 cm−1 and dispersion profile of 1.0823±0.06 ps/THz/cm within 0.7–1 THz are obtained using carefully selected geometrical design parameters. Other guiding properties such as single-mode operation, bending loss, and effective area are also investigated. The structural design of this porous core PCF is comparatively simple since it contains noncomplex lattices and circular shaped air holes; and therefore, may be implemented using existing fabrication techniques. Due to its auspicious guiding properties, the proposed fiber may be used in single mode terahertz imaging and other short distance terahertz applications.
Complex analysis between CV modes and OAM modes in fiber systems
Authors: Mao Baiwei , Liu Yange , Zhang Hongwei , Yang Kang , Han Ya , Wang Zhi , Li Zhaohui
Published: December 2018

As two groups of bases in fibers, cylindrical vector (CV) modes and the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes can be transformed into each other. Several transformation relations have been studied in previous works, such as

σ
^

+

O
A

M

+
l

=
H

E

l
+
1
,
m

e
v
e
n

+
i
H

E

l
+
1
,
m

o
d
d

.

${\hat \sigma ^ + }OA{M_{ + l}} = HE_{l + 1,m}^{even} + iHE_{l + 1,m}^{odd}.$

However, these relations are discussed in the limitation of equal amplitude, limited phase difference

(

k
π

2

,
 
k
∈
Z

)

$\left( {{{k\pi } \over 2},{\rm{ }}k \in Z} \right)$

and finite (generally two) mode bases. Complete connection between the CV and OAM modes has not been found. In this paper, a four-dimensional complex space model is constructed to describe arbitrary CV and OAM modes. The reliability of the model is verified by previously reported results and our experiment results. The complete transformation relation between the CV modes and OAM modes is well described in the model. Furthermore, two common kinds of relations have been researched, that is, a single arbitrary polarized OAM mode and two arbitrary orthogonal polarized OAM modes and their corresponding CV modes. These two kinds of states include most of previously reported states, and some new states have not been reported.
A series of Keggin- and Wells-Dawson-polyoxometalate-based compounds constructed from oxygen-functional imidazole derivatives
Authors: Ying Jun , Mou Hai-Chen , Liu Jia-Ni , Liu Gui-Ying , Ji Xue-Bin , Li Ting-Ting , Tian Ai-Xiang
Published: December 2018

Through the use of two kinds of imidazole derivatives containing different O-functional units, three new Keggin- and one Wells-Dawson-polyoxometalate (POM)-based compounds, namely [Cu2
La

4(HPW12O40)] (1), [CuLa

4(H2O)2(HPMo12O40)] (2), [Cu2
La

7(H2O)(H2P2W18O62)]·La
(3), [Ag2(Lb

4)(HPMo12O40)]·Lb
·H2O (4)(La= (4-(2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde), and Lb
=(4-(2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid), were synthesized and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, and infrared spectroscopy. The polyoxoanions occupy holes framed by two symmetrically oriented CuLa

2 units in 1. In compound 2, the square-planar CuLa

4 units form a two-dimensional (2D), supramolecular grid through π···π stacking interactions. The POMs occupy vacancies in this grid. In compound 3, the CuLa

3 subunits connect the neighboring P2W18 units and an “S”-type chain is formed. Through hydrogen bonding interactions, the chains are connected to form a layer. In compound 4, the POM anions are linked by AgLb

2 subunits to form a chain. All the chains are tied together to construct a layer structure with weak hydrogen bonding interactions between the terminal carboxylic acid functional groups of ligands Lb
. The electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activities of all these four compounds were also studied.
Design and Response Testing of Boron-Diffused Silicon Carbide Neutron Detectors for Dosimetry and Monitoring Applications
Authors: Mandal Krishna C. , Chowdhury Towhid A. , Oner Cihan , Ruddy Frank H.
Published: December 2018

A high-sensitivity boron-diffused silicon carbide (4H-SiC) p-n diode has been designed and fabricated using vapor-phase epitaxy. Boron-10 (10B) is diffused into nitrogen-doped n− SiC, forming the p+ layer, and thermal neutrons are detected through the ionization produced in the detector by 10B(n,α)7Li reactions. These detectors have been tested with thermalized neutrons from an isotopic californium-252 (252Cf) source and have been shown to provide a robust pulse-height spectrum, which is easily separable from the anticipated gamma-ray response. The detectors are expected to be useful for neutron and gamma-ray fluence rate measurements in high gamma-ray fields for extended times at temperatures up to 700°C.
A Case Study into the Effect of Excess Reactivity on the Results of Dosimetry Calculations Performed with Fixed Source Codes
Authors: Powney David J. , Wright George A. , Thornton Dean A. , Shaw Simon E. , Bryce Paul
Published: December 2018

This paper describes a case study investigating the effects of simplifications in a Monte Carlo fixed-source supercell model used to predict the graphite nuclear heating contribution made by an inserted gray control rod in the Dungeness B Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor. These simplifications are known to produce excess reactivity in similar calculations with neutron multiplication included. The investigation compared the results of a series of calculations performed on two-dimensional supercells using fixed-source (MCBEND), reactor physics (WIMS), and criticality (MONK) codes. The effects of actions to reduce the reactivity of the model to a k∞ of unity have been investigated, including increased leakage, reduced enrichment, and increased burn-up. The results have been compared to assess the consistency of three codes in addressing the issue of excess reactivity and to assess the suitability of the original nuclear heating calculations. The importance of core modeling when applying fixed source solutions to in-core dosimetry problems is discussed.
Surveillance Dosimetry at Sizewell B Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Shaw Simon E. , Thornton Dean A.
Published: December 2018

EDF Energy operates one pressurized water reactor in the UK at the Sizewell B Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in Suffolk, which has been generating since 1995. The recent Refueling Outage RO14, in April 2016, saw the removal of the last of the eight original surveillance dosimetry capsules that were installed when the reactor was commissioned. An in-depth review was conducted of the existing MCBEND Monte Carlo methodology for determining calculation to measurement ratios of dosimeter activities, which has been in use since the first surveillance capsule analysis was conducted. Sensitivity calculations were then undertaken to identify areas of the methodology that could be developed to further improve the accuracy of the surveillance calculations for Sizewell B. This resulted in a new, more complex, MCBEND model that makes better use of modern computing resources with a revised geometry and a whole core neutron source definition that takes into account NPP load variations by using high time resolution plant data. This paper presents a complete “set” of all the surveillance dosimeter activities, which span 21 years of NPP operation, and the potential improvements that could be possible with a refined MCBEND model. Examples of the use of the MCBEND Monte Carlo model as a tool for performing surveys of the incident fluence on reactor pressure vessel component surfaces are also presented.
Analysis of the FLUOLE-2 Program: UOX/MOX Core Loading Configurations
Authors: Bourganel Stéphane , Thiollay Nicolas , Mosca Pietro
Published: December 2018

The FLUOLE-2 program is a set of benchmark-type experiments dedicated to neutron attenuation analysis with the aim of improving the TRIPOLI-4® Monte Carlo code validation. This two-year program has been developed by the CEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) to be representative of 900 MWe and 1450 MWe pressurized water reactors. For that purpose, different stainless steel structures have been designed and appropriately positioned inside the EOLE facility. EOLE is a pool-type zero power reactor composed of a cylindrical aluminum vessel with an overstructure of stainless steel that is able to contain various types of core and related structures. This critical mock-up is located at the Cadarache CEA center. For the FLUOLE-2 experiment, the core has been designed as a 29-by-29-pin square lattice of fuel rods. Different kinds of dosimeters (cobalt, gold, tin, rhodium, indium, iron, nickel, titanium, aluminum, and vanadium) were irradiated inside and outside the core. This paper is focused on two stages of the FLUOLE-2 program where the EOLE core is made up of two types of fuel rods: uranium oxide and mixed oxide. Analyses were carried out using TRIPOLI-4® Monte Carlo code and the following nuclear data: Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion 3.1.1 for neutron transport, International Reactor Dosimetry File 2002, or the Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library/A-96 for dosimeter activation.
New Evaluation of Neutron Fluence Measurements by Diamond Detectors
Authors: Nikolaenko Vadim A. , Zaritskiy Sergey M. , Egorov Alexander L. , Saltykov Mikhail A. , Bachuchin Ilya V.
Published: December 2018

A report presented at the Twelfth International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry considered the possibility of determining the fluence of neutrons with energy above 0.5 MeV in VVER-1000 surveillance specimens’ materials by measurement of the crystal lattice extension of the diamond detectors located in these samples. The new experimental information accumulated to date made it possible to renovate the calibration of diamond detectors and to continue the analysis of their use for measuring the fluence. The comparison was continued with the traditional method of determining the fluence by measurement of manganese-54 (54Mn) activity accumulated in the surveillance specimens’ materials.
Study of Epithermal-Neutron Spectrum Variation versus Depth in Water Phantoms
Authors: Gambarini Grazia , Bettega Daniela , Gebbia Andrea , Artuso Emanuele , Felisi Marco , Giove Dario , Durisi Elisabetta , Monti Valeria , Klupák Vit , Viererbl Ladislav , Vins Miroslav
Published: December 2018

A study has been carried out concerning the energy spectrum of the epithermal beam designed for boron neutron capture therapy of the LVR-15 research reactor. Monte Carlo (MC) calculations concerning radiation transport and dose distribution in water volumes of various shapes exposed to the epithermal neutron beam were developed with MC N-Particle/MC N-Particle Extended calculations. In addition to the energy spectra at various depths in a water phantom, longitudinal and transversal profiles of the fluence of neutrons above and below the cadmium cutoff (0.5 eV) have been evaluated for different shapes of the phantom. In particular, significant differences were found in the spatial distribution of neutrons for energy E < 0.5 eV. In order to confirm the reliability of simulations, a few depth profiles of neutron fluence below 0.5 eV, evaluated by means of MC calculations, have been compared with the profile of thermal neutrons obtained by means of experimental measurements. The consistency of results is good.
Enhancement of STAYSL_PNNL with IRDFF/V1.05 to 60 MeV
Authors: Greenwood Lawrence R. , Pierson Bruce P. , Johnson Christian D.
Published: December 2018

The STAYSL_PNNL computer code was revised to add 12 new neutron activation cross sections from the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion File, IRDFF/V1.05, and to extend the energy range from 20 to 60 MeV. Users now have the option to use a variety of neutron cross section libraries from 69 to 725 energy groups. Neutron cross section needs are discussed for neutron spectral adjustments at higher neutron energies where specific activation products can be produced by multiple isotopes of the same element.
Image Reconstruction of Radioactive Contamination Due to the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident Using a Compact Compton Camera
Authors: Sato Yuki , Terasaka Yuta , Miyamura Hiroko Nakamura , Kaburagi Masaaki , Tanifuji Yuta , Kawabata Kuniaki , Torii Tatsuo
Published: December 2018

We developed a lightweight compact Compton camera to measure the distribution of radioactive contamination inside the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. We conducted performance evaluation tests in the coastal area of Fukushima, Japan, using the camera, which employs a cerium (Ce)-doped GAGG (Gd3Al2Ga3O12) scintillator coupled with a multipixel photon counter. The camera can clearly visualize spreading of radioactivity along the ground surface. In addition, we performed three-dimensional image reconstruction of the distribution of radioactive contamination using the multi-angle data obtained with the Compton camera. We succeeded in obtaining a three-dimensional image of radioactive contamination in the outdoor area.
Neutron and Gamma-Ray Radiation Environments for the Annular Core Research Reactor
Authors: Parma Edward J.
Published: December 2018

The Sandia National Laboratories’ Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) is a unique pool-type research reactor that can pulse up to 300 MJ in energy. The ACRR maintains a dry, 9-in. (22.9 cm) diameter central cavity that extends through the center of the core region and allows for experiment irradiations at the peak neutron flux of the core. An epithermal/fast neutron flux exists in the cavity that allows the neutron energy spectrum to be modified to meet the requirements of the experimenter. Using a moderating material such as water or polyethylene in an annular geometry in the cavity allows a greater thermal neutron energy spectrum to be attained. Using a thermal neutron-absorbing material such as boron carbide or cadmium in an annular geometry in the cavity allows for a more epithermal-fast neutron energy spectrum. The gamma-ray fluence can be decreased by adding a high-Z material such as lead in an annular geometry. The gamma-ray fluence can be enhanced by adding a radiative capture material such as cadmium or gadolinium to a moderating material. Both neutron energy spectrum modification and gamma-ray attenuation/enhancement can be attained simultaneously. Different types of spectrum-modifying “buckets” are currently available for use by experimenters, and others can be custom designed and fabricated. This paper presents the results from the neutron and prompt gamma-ray characterization work for several of the environments in the ACRR central cavity, including the free field, polyethylene-lead-graphite, lead-boron-44 in., and cadmium-polyethylene bucket environments, and for the ACRR-Fueled Ring External Cavity-II. These environments represent typical neutron and gamma-ray spectrum modifications that can be attained at the ACRR.
Comparative Study of Fast Neutron Fluence between RAPTOR-M3G and TORT for Commercial Pressurized Water Reactor Vessel Extended Beltline
Authors: Chen Jianwei , Fischer Greg A.
Published: December 2018

Compared to conventional two-dimensional/one-dimensional DORT synthesis fluence methodology, the Westinghouse-developed three-dimensional parallel discrete ordinates transport code RAPTOR-M3G can provide best-estimate neutron fluence at extended beltline regions that are far away from the core midplane, which removes the over conservatism in the synthesis fluence determination methodology at these locations. Therefore, RAPTOR-M3G has been used on a four-loop Westinghouse pressurized water reactor plant to calculate the neutron fluence in support of its License Amendment Request for measurement uncertainty recapture power uprate. However, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) does not consider RAPTOR-M3G an approved fluence determination methodology per Regulatory Guide 1.190. A comparative study has been done between the RAPTOR-M3G code and the TORT three-dimensional single processor discrete ordinates transport code in the DOORS 3.2 code package to justify the use of RAPTOR-M3G. TORT and two-dimensional discrete ordinates transport code DORT have been approved by the USNRC for reactor vessel fluence calculation per Regulatory Guide 1.190. Being a single processor discrete ordinates code limited by current hardware and compilation configuration, TORT has not been used for commercial reactor vessel fluence production calculation because it imposes a great challenge to the computer memory that can be allocated to a single processor. A transport TORT model with the geometry meshes that meets all the requirements of Regulatory Guide 1.190 would not run on a single processor because of the memory limitation. In order to work around this, the TORT model has been broken into three segments axially: upper reactor environment (URE), middle reactor environment (MRE), and lower reactor environment (LRE). The three segments are bootstrapped to provide a flux map for the whole reactor vessel. Details and results of this comparative study are described in this paper. A founding between using theta-weighted and directional theta-weighted differencing schemes has also been reported in this paper.
Experiment-Based and Numerical Estimation Analysis of Neutron Field Performance in the In-Core Irradiation Positions and in the Lateral Blanket of the BOR-60 Reactor
Authors: Lebedeva Elena E. , Naboishchikov Yury V. , Tellin Anatoly I. , Ryazanov Dimitry K.
Published: December 2018

The paper presents results of spectrometric measurements from a representative set of neutron-activation detectors (up to 50 detectors in each set) having a sensitivity in the range from thermal to fast neutrons as well as the comparison of calculated and experimental data.