bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single Instrument Solution for Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Monitoring in Cities
Authors: Hundt Morten , Aseev Oleg , Looser Herbert
Published: March 2020

Observation of air pollutants and greenhouse gases with high selectivity and sensitivity is of great importance for our understanding of their sources and sinks. For air pollution modelling and validation of emission inventories measurements at various spatial and temporal scales are required. Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy is often the method of choice, offering outstanding performance and reliability. Most frequently, however, this technology is used in a “one-species-one-instrument” solution because of the narrow spectral coverage of DFB-lasers. This can be overcome by combining several Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs), providing unique solutions in compact laser absorption spectrometers for environmental monitoring of multiple species in a single instrument.

We combined multiple DFB-QCLs into a single, compact laser absorption spectrometer to measure up to ten different compounds. We present simultaneous atmospheric measurements of the greenhouse gases CO2, N2O, H2O and CH4, and the pollutants CO, NO, NO2, O3, SO2 and NH3 with a single instrument. Furthermore, the instrument performance, first field results and comparison to standard air-quality and greenhouse gas monitoring instrumentation are discussed. The results demonstrate that spectrometers using QCLs can serve as an all-in-one solution for environmental monitoring stations replacing up to seven instruments at once. Furthermore, due to their reduced size and robustness, they can be used on mobile platforms, opening up new applications of air quality and greenhouse gas monitoring in cities.
Differences between static and dynamic elastic moduli: Importance of experimental methods
Authors: Bemer Elisabeth , Dubos-Sallée Noalwenn , Rasolofosaon Patrick N. J.
Published: March 2020

The differences between static and dynamic elastic moduli remain a controversial issue in rock physics. Various empirical correlations can be found in the literature. However, the experimental methods used to derive the static and dynamic elastic moduli differ and may entail substantial part of the discrepancies observed at the laboratory scale. The representativeness and bias of these methods should be fully assessed before applying big data analytics to the numerous datasets available in the literature.

We will illustrate, discuss and analyze the differences inherent to static and dynamic measurements through a series of triaxial and petroacoustic tests performed on an outcrop carbonate. The studied rock formation is Euville limestone, which is a crinoidal grainstone composed of roughly 99% calcite and coming from Meuse department located in Paris Basin. Sister plugs have been cored from the same quarry block and observed under CT-scanner to check their homogeneity levels.

The triaxial device is equipped with an internal stress sensor and provides axial strain measurements both from strain gauges glued to the samples and LVDTs placed inside the confinement chamber. Two measures of the static Young's modulus can thus be derived: the first one from the local strain measurements provided by the strain gauges and the second one from the semi-local strain measurements provided by the LVDTs. The P- and S-wave velocities are measured both through first break picking and the phase spectral ratio method, providing also two different measures of the dynamic Young's modulus.

The triaxial tests have been performed in drained conditions and the measured static elastic moduli correspond to drained elastic moduli. The petroacoustic tests have been performed using the fluid substitution method, which consists in measuring the acoustic velocities for various saturating fluids of different bulk modulus. No weakening or dispersion effects have been observed. Gassmann's equation can then be used to derive the dynamic drained elastic moduli and the solid matrix bulk modulus, which is otherwise either taken from the literature for pure calcite or dolomite samples, or computed using Voigt-Reuss-Hill or Hashin-Shtrikman averaging of the mineral constituents.

For the studied carbonate formation, we obtain similar values for static and dynamic elastic moduli when derived from careful lab experiments. Based on the obtained results, we will finally make recommendations, emphasizing the necessity of using relevant experimental techniques for a consistent characterization of the relation between static and dynamic elastic moduli.
Resilience - Combining Sci-Art and card games for more effective public engagement
Authors: Stanford Kelly , Skinner Chris
Published: March 2020

Engaging the public with research and environmental issues can be challenging due to the complexity of the topics and pre-existing misconceptions. Independently, interdisciplinary approaches such as sci-art and games have shown some promise for engaging people with complex and unfamiliar issues. This raises the question: Can the two be paired together for the better?

This project aims to see if sci-art and card games can be used together as a more effective and enjoyable way to engage people with environmental issues, as well as inspiring interest in science more generally. It also seeks to find out if art can influence the retention of information when paired up with the card game format.

To test this, we designed a card game that uses varying levels and styles of art to engage people with issues around flooding and climate change. An open international invite has recruited a large number of participants to take part in the study. In the study, participants are given a random version of the game to play and afterwards, and asked to complete a short questionnaire related to the game’s topics. This is supported with targeted facilitated sessions at university campuses, outreach and public events across the UK.

The results will demonstrate whether combining sci-art and card games in combination improves on just using either on their own. These are expected to vary depending on a number of factors, including what version of the game was played, the demographic playing the game and the location.

 
Lessons From Mexican Folklore: An Essay on U.S. Immigration Policy, Child Separation, and La Llorona
Authors: Delgado Richard , Stefancic Jean
Published: March 2020

N/A
I Drink Your Milkshake: Why Hydraulic Fracturing Should be Protected Under the Rule of Capture in Pennsylvania
Authors: Weis Christopher
Published: March 2020

N/A
Identificación y cuantificación de residuos de plaguicidas en hortalizas de alto consumo comercializadas en mercados y supermercados de Managua
Authors: Díaz Domínguez Josseth Mhartin
Published: March 2020

El uso de plaguicidas para el control de plagas es una práctica común en los sistemas de producción agrícola de Nicaragua. En este estudio se determinaron las concentraciones de 21 plaguicidas (7 insecticidas organofosforados, 1 insecticida organoclorados, 3 insecticidas piretroides, 7 herbicidas y 3 fungicidas) en muestras de tomates, chiltoma, lechuga y repollo colectadas en 2 mercados populares y 2 supermercados de Managua. El análisis de las muestras refleja que el 55,0% de estas contienen plaguicidas, lográndose identificar residuos de clorpirifos, mocap, cipermetrina, clorotalonil, imazalil, diazinon, deltametrina, simazina y 2,4-D, en concentraciones entre 0,005 mg/kg hasta 5,3 mg/kg. El 20,0 % de las muestras contienen concentraciones de residuos que sobrepasan los valores establecidos en el Codex Alimentarius en las matrices lechuga (diazinon), repollo (clorpirifos y diazinon), Tomate (mocap y deltametrina).
ASSESSING HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION INTENSITY IN VOLCANIC-HOSTED MASSIVE SULFIDE SYSTEMS USING PORTABLE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF DRILL CORE: AN EXAMPLE FROM MYRA FALLS, CANADA
Authors: McNulty Brian A. , Fox Nathan , Gemmell J. Bruce
Published: March 2020

Current portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) technology can rapidly and inexpensively yield concentrations of geologically significant elements, typically with instrument detection limits below several tens of parts per million. Based on conventional XRF whole-rock geochemical data, both the Ishikawa alteration index and the chlorite-carbonate-pyrite index increase with proximity to sulfide mineralization at Myra Falls. However, available pXRF technology is typically unable to detect all the elements required to calculate these alteration indices. As a result, there is a need to utilize the elements that are readily detectable using pXRF and apply these to hydrothermal alteration assessment.

We propose that Rb/Sr ratios provide a robust proxy for the Ishikawa alteration index and demonstrate that conventional whole-rock XRF analytical results for Rb and Sr can be reproduced using pXRF analysis from drill core surfaces. At Myra Falls, the Rb/Sr ratios vary from <0.1 for least altered rocks, 0.1 to 0.5 for weakly altered rocks, 0.5 to 1.0 for moderately altered rocks, 1.0 to 2.0 for strongly altered rocks, and >2.0 for intensely altered rocks. Downhole profiles of alteration intensity generated from systematic pXRF analysis of drill core surfaces can be used to inform drilling and targeting decisions. The application of the Rb/Sr ratio as a proxy for alteration intensity extends beyond this case study and can be applied to other hydrothermal systems that produce phyllosilicate minerals as alteration products of feldspar.
IT ASPECTS OF MUSEUM OPERATIONS
Authors: Golat Rafał
Published: March 2020

In the current technological environment,
operation of every institution, museum included, requires
the use of IT networks, among them the internet. This
results from the fact that museums have their respective
websites and web addresses.
Regardless of the technological aspects, the use of the internet
by museums has to bear in mind legal requirements resulting
in particular from the Act on Access to Public Information,
this including the BIP page, namely that of the Bulletin of
Public Information that allows to provide access to this kind of
information within the range as defined in the above Act.
The requirements of the accessibility of digital websites of
public museums taking into account the needs of disabled
citizens is specified by the Act on Accessibility of the
Websites and Mobile Applications of Public Sector Bodies.
Some of the provisions of the Act with respect to websites
published before 23 September 2018 will come into force
as of 23 September 2020.
In the discussed context it also legal provisions related to
IT assets that are of importance; these contain computer
software and electronic databases. The legal status of these
assets is specified in the provisions of the Act on Copyright
and Related Rights (see its Arts. 3 and 7) as well as of the
Act on Database Protection.
Apart from the above, which, however, do not exhaust
the whole range of the topic-related issues, it is also
important to tackle the question of the digitizing of the
assets (collections) that museums have at their disposal,
in particular museum objects and images of people
that constitute personal rights, which are digitized and
disseminated online. Apart from the Act on Museums,
particularly its Art. 25a, it is the Act on Copyright and
Related Rights as well as the Civil Code that through the
general provisions on the protection of personal rights,
these also including images of people, give the prescriptive
context to the problem.
Resisting the Pressures of the Global Art Market
Authors: Saranovic Marko
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essays discusses the pressures of the global art market on artists, as well as the way in which the price of an artwork in the art market came to stand for its quality, rather than the other way round. Using the case of the Viennese artist Christian Ruschitzka, the essay suggest that there is some resistance and genuine critique possible, but only under certain conditions.
‘Poor Theatre’, Russian Avant-garde and the Art of Anna Bochkova
Authors: Oberrauch Sophia
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay discusses the art of the Viennese based Russian artist Anna Bochkova in the context of the Russian avant-garde.
Contemporary World as a Massive Design Failure: A Way Out?
Authors: Acosta García Nicolás
Published: March 2020

Book Review of Escobar, Arturo. 2018. Designs for the Pluriverse: Radical Interdependence, Autonomy and the Making of Worlds.
Border Militias
Authors: Parsons John
Published: March 2020

Narratives of security and threat are continually used to justify morally contentious activities. In the past three years, the United States’ government has increasingly promoted narratives of “criminal migrants” and “immigrant invasions.” In response to perceived threats, the US-Mexico border has undergone a process of militarization. During this time, various border militias have continued to operate along the southern US border. My research was conducted over 11 months with two militias operating on the US-Mexico border I have labeled Border Watch. This militia provides a snippet of how morality is operationalized in the legitimization of actions and how morality is intrinsically linked to security in the lived experiences of its volunteers. In this article, I argue that the volunteers make sense of their experiences away from the border through the narrative espoused by the US government. The resonance between experience and narrative defines the latter as truth and the ability to dismiss counter-narratives. For the volunteers of Border Watch who adhere to a notion of citizenship through the lens of the citizen-soldier ideal, the narrative delivers a moral imperative to act in defense of the nation. Within the nexus of danger, security, and morality, the volunteers of Border Watch conceptualize their project as one in which moral citizens protect the nation and its citizens from an evil Other.
The Burden of Security
Authors: Lazzaretti Vera
Published: March 2020

After the Babri mosque in the northern Indian city of Ayodhya was destroyed in 1992 by mobs of ‘volunteers’ mobilised by Hindu nationalist forces, a deed of license between the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board and the Uttar Pradesh state government was signed. Through this license a portion of land in the Gyan Vapi mosque premises in Banaras (Varanasi) was handed over to the state for security purposes. The Gyan Vapi mosque is less than fifty meters from the Kashi Vishvanath temple, a notable Hindu pilgrimage destination. Although at the centre of security issues for centuries, the mosque has been a target of the Hindu nationalist movement that since the 1980s has aimed at the ‘liberation’ of allegedly originally Hindu places of worship. By analysing the evolution of security discourses in local Hindi newspapers and drawing on ethnography of everyday policing at the Kashi Vishvanath-Gyan Vapi compound, this article discusses moral frictions involved in securing a contested place of worship and argues that scopes and objects of securitisation can shift. In the case I discuss, the predominately Hindu police are shown to play an ambiguous role, caught as they are between their duty to secure the disputed mosque and their likely adherence to the increasingly dominant Hindu nationalist discourse. In overcoming these moral frictions, police through their everyday activity contribute to the shift of the object of securitisation from the mosque to the more ‘acceptable’ temple.
Brace Treatment for Children and Adolescents with Scoliosis
Authors: Weiss Hans-Rudolf , Turnbull Deborah
Published: March 2020

The aim of brace treatment in patients with scoliosis during growth is (1) to stop curve progression and (2) to improve appearance/cosmesis. There is high quality evidence available supporting brace treatment. According to recent publications, the outcomes of different braces vary to a high extent. Although most of the scoliosis cases will not affect the patient’s health, the impact of braces on the cosmetic outcome to date is not well determined. Standardised asymmetric braces (mainly Chêneau derivatives) have better outcomes than symmetric compression braces and may also lead to significant improvements of the deformity. For symmetric braces, no evidence exists that these could significantly change the deformity. Soft braces have no indication and the use of night-time braces should be largely restricted due to poor outcomes when compared to current standards of full-time bracing.
Bozepinib: A Promising Selective Derivative Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: M. Campos Joaquín , Conejo-García Ana , Cruz-López Olga
Published: March 2020

Bozepinib is a potent antitumour compound that shows an IC50 of 0.166 μM against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. It is also a very selective drug that presents a therapeutic index (TI) of 11.0 against MDA-MB-231 in relation to the normal MCF-10A. It is important to identify new cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) anticancer drugs to struggle against the resistance and the high risk of relapse in patients. In the present chapter, we show how bozepinib demonstrated selectivity on cancer cells and showed an inhibitory effect over kinases involved in carcinogenesis, proliferation and angiogenesis. Bozepinib inhibits HER-2 signaling pathway and JNK and ERK kinases. In addition, it has an inhibitory effect on AKT and VEGF together with anti-angiogenic and anti-migratory activities. Interestingly, bozepinib suppresses the formation of both mammo- and colonospheres and eliminated ALDH+ CSC subpopulations at a low micromolar range similar to salinomycin. It also induces the downregulation of SOX2, c-MYC and β-CATENIN and upregulation of the GLI-3 Hedgehog signaling repressor. Finally, bozepinib shows in vivo antitumor and anti-metastatic efficacy in xenotransplanted nude mice without presenting subacute toxicity. However, further studies in cancer patients are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of bozepinib.
Articulando a Forma: ações pedagógicas transversais para a construção do conhecimento de sintaxe visual
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Silva Maria Antonia Romão da , Sanches Maria Celeste
Published: March 2020

O artigo enfatiza a formação da habilidade para articular a sintaxe visual/formal como via fundamental para a consolidação do pensamento projetual entre estudantes de design de moda. A partir de uma abordagem exploratória, integra dois enfoques de pesquisa: o primeiro estuda a autorregulação da aprendizagem no ensino de projeto e o segundo aborda estratégias metodológicas para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de síntese compositiva. Nesse sentido, o recorte proposto examina as práticas dirigidas à aprendizagem de Metodologia Visual no Bacharelado em Design de Moda da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, indagando sobre as contribuições efetivas da manipulação criativa experimental e da decomposição de enunciados visuais. Para tanto, analisa uma ação pedagógica combinada, visando à comprovação de sua eficácia didática. As inferências resultantes confirmam o potencial da referida ação e das estratégias de aprendizagem autorregulada como facilitadoras da capacidade de gerar conceitos expressivos e configurar artefatos no campo da moda.
Análise da conformidade e percepção dos proprietários rurais dos projetos produtores de água
Authors: Santos Paulo Henrique , Schwingel Paulo Ricardo
Published: March 2020

A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Camboriú (BHRC) abastece os municípios, Balneário Camboriú e Camboriú, a cada ano o recurso hídrico tem sido mais exigido, chegando a determinados períodos a estado crítico. A Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) desenvolveu o Programa Produtor de Água (PPA) para colaborar na resolução do problema. Inspirado na ANA e experiências internacionais, foi criado o projeto Produtor de Água (PA) na BHRC, tendo como principal meta o aumento da quantidade e qualidade do recurso hídrico. O presente trabalho tem objetivo de avaliar a conformidade entre o PPA e PA, e medir a percepção dos proprietários rurais que aderiram ao PA. Na análise de conformidade foi identificado e mensurado o nível de consonância entre PPA e PA considerando, justificativa, descrição, objetivo geral e específicos, e metas. Na análise de percepção foi aplicado questionário avaliando o nível de satisfação. Os resultados mostram um nível de 90% de conformidade entre o PPA e PA. A percepção constatou alto grau de engajamento dos proprietários rurais no projeto PA, refletindo a confiança que demostram ter em relação ao mesmo. Os proprietários percebem que o projeto pode ser uma das soluções para resolver ou atenuar os efeitos da falta do recurso hídrico na BHRC. As análises de conformidade com o PPA e percepção dos proprietários rurais podem ser utilizadas como indicadoras de sucesso de projetos PA.
Del simulacro a la realidad: mejora del rendimiento de los estudiantes ante el TFM a través de un proyecto de innovación docente
Authors: Fidalgo Camino , Collado Silvia , Senís Juan
Published: March 2020

El TFM es una tarea difícil para los estudiantes de Máster, que se enfrentan a él con ansiedad, poca autoeficacia y sin las competencias necesarias para su correcta realización. Teniendo esto en cuenta, nuestro trabajo refleja los resultados de un proyecto de innovación docente destinado a lograr un mejor rendimiento en la redacción y defensa oral del TFM. Dicho programa se compone de cinco seminarios teórico-prácticos que cubren las competencias clave escritas y orales que debía adquirir el alumnado para la superación del TFM. Siguiendo un diseño experimental pre-post intervención, se evaluó la percepción de eficacia y el nivel de ansiedad de los alumnos. Además, se examinó el rendimiento del alumnado en un simulacro escrito de TFM y su posterior defensa oral. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todos los aspectos evaluados. Por un lado, se obtuvieron calificaciones más altas en el TFM respecto a las obtenidas por los estudiantes del curso anterior que no habían participado en el proyecto. Por otro lado, los participantes se consideraron más eficaces en la escritura y la defensa oral del TFM al finalizar el programa, al tiempo que se redujeron sus niveles de ansiedad.

Master’s Thesis (TFM) is a difficult task for Master students. They face the writing and oral examination with anxiety, low levels of self-efficacy and a general lack of the necessary competencies for its correct execution. Our study reflects the results of a teaching innovation project aimed at reducing students’ anxiety and increasing their self-efficacy to face their TFM. Five theoretical-practical seminars were designed to improve student’s competences related to academic-scientific skills, both oral and writing ones. Through a pre-post experimental procedure, we evaluated students’ self-efficacy and levels of anxiety towards their TFM. In addition, students’ performance has been examined through a simulation of TFM and its subsequent oral defense. Our results show statistically significant differences between pre and post-intervention in all the aspects evaluated in the program. On one hand, participants obtained in their TFM when compared with the students of previous years which did not take part in this project. On the other hand, participants were more successful in completing their TFM and showed lower levels of anxiety after taking the seminars.
Perceptions about cultural diversity and intercultural communication of future teachers
Authors: Pareja de Vicente Dolores , Leiva Olivencia Juan José , Matas Terrón Antonio
Published: March 2020

Intercultural education is a topic of great social and pedagogical interest and significance in the initial training of teachers. Its impact on the university context represents an inescapable impulse to build an open mindset that respects cultural diversity as a key element that will entail a real move towards inclusion. The objective of this study has been to discover the perceptions and profile of a non-probabilistic pilot sample of university students from a Primary Education degree course towards diversity and intercultural communication. A survey design was carried out, for which an ad-hoc questionnaire was built. 62 students participated in the survey, which was completed with a simulated sample of 500 cases using the Monte Carlo procedure for data mining analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed, as well as a cluster and tree forest analysis. Ward's method of minimal variance was applied for its ability to discriminate in determining grouping levels. The results revealed, among other things, the existence of a positive trend towards the recognition of cultural diversity as an enriching aspect in the generation of inclusive attitudes and intercultural communication. Similarly, different profiles were identified among the participants, as well as a precedence of the analysed variables that establish the distinction between profiles.

Intercultural education is a topic of great social and pedagogical interest and significance in the initial training of teachers. Its impact on the university context represents an inescapable impulse to build an open mindset that respects cultural diversity as a key element that will entail a real move towards inclusion. The objective of this study has been to discover the perceptions and profile of a non-probabilistic pilot sample of university students from a Primary Education degree course towards diversity and intercultural communication. A survey design was carried out, for which an ad-hoc questionnaire was built. 62 students participated in the survey, which was completed with a simulated sample of 500 cases using the Monte Carlo procedure for data mining analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed, as well as a cluster and tree forest analysis. Ward's method of minimal variance was applied for its ability to discriminate in determining grouping levels. The results revealed, among other things, the existence of a positive trend towards the recognition of cultural diversity as an enriching aspect in the generation of inclusive attitudes and intercultural communication. Similarly, different profiles were identified among the participants, as well as a precedence of the analysed variables that establish the distinction between profiles.
Map of digital resources for the study of Interculturality in schools
Authors: Iglesias Rodríguez Ana , Martín González Yolanda , Hernández Martín Azucena
Published: March 2020

La digiculturalidad expresa una realidad integradora de competencias clave para poder hablar de un aprendizaje intercultural en entornos virtuales, a los que poder acceder desde la escuela (Priegue y Leiva, 2012). En la actualidad, estas competencias han adquirido una relevancia social y educativa tal que las convierte en herramientas imprescindibles para afrontar la igualdad de oportunidades y la inclusión social; a la vez que se constituyen en un entorno ecológico específico para el desarrollo de la interculturalidad desde los contextos escolares (Hernández e Iglesias, 2017).

Partiendo de esta reflexión, en este trabajo se pretende elaborar un mapa de recursos digitales sobre interculturalidad que sirva como herramienta de apoyo en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la competencia intercultural. Asimismo se persigue poner en valor la información y el conocimiento como recursos contra la discriminación, el racismo, el prejuicio y estereotipos de diversa índole.

Para conseguir tales fines se identifican y seleccionan las fuentes de información pertinentes, se propone una clasificación según sus características y finalidad, y se describen sus principales prestaciones.

La existencia o no de recursos especializados en la materia objeto de estudio permitirá comprobar la relevancia otorgada a la interculturalidad en una sociedad globalizada.

Digiculturality expresses an integrating reality of key competences in order to be able to speak of intercultural learning in virtual environments, which can be accessed from school (Priegue and Leiva, 2012). At present, these competencies have acquired a social and educational relevance that makes them essential tools to face equality of opportunities and social inclusion, while constituting a specific ecological environment for the development of interculturality from school contexts (Hernandez and Iglesias, 2017).

Starting from this reflection, this work aims to develop a map of digital resources on interculturality that serves as a support tool in the teaching-learning process of intercultural competence. It also seeks to value information and knowledge as resources against discrimination, racism, prejudice and stereotypes of various kinds.

To this end, relevant sources of information will be identified and selected, a classification according to their characteristics and purpose will be proposed, and their main benefits will be described.

The existence or not of specialized resources in the subject matter of study will make it possible to verify the relevance given to interculturality in a globalized society.
Russia – China – United States: problems of mutual understanding within the system of relations
Authors: Shakhray Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: March 2020

The subject of this article consists in the justification of relevance of the research on differences of Russia, China, and the United States in understanding  of the same concepts, figurative expressions, means interaction with each other and on international arena overall. It is demonstrated that increasing the accuracy of the results of the analysis and forecast of development of relations within the system of Russia – China – United States is not only a political, but also a scientific cultural challenge, since it is necessary to thoroughly understand the peculiarities of the “world images”, as well as business and diplomatic traditions of each of the parties. The author reveals the examples of varying understanding of the widely known expressions that the countries are using in their foreign policy lexicon. A conclusion is made that the differences in the worldview, cross-cultural problems, mismatch of intentions and means of their expression, which used to be clarified and mitigated by the efforts of professional diplomacy,  currently in the context of personalization and “twitterization” of foreign policy aggravate not only the relations between the countries, but also become the source of conflicts dangerous for the entire world. Elucidation of the essence of the discourse between the parties is important for prevention of risks emerging due to misunderstanding, as well as development of a comprehensive model for the desired future in the Russia – China – United States triangle.
European project of designing new corporeality: mutant body, body without organs, agender body
Authors: Toropova Anastasiya Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

The object of this research is the introduced into postmodernist discourse concept of body without organs. This article advances a hypothesis regarding the causes of occurrence of the aforementioned concept replacing the Cartesian teaching on parallelism of body and soul. Cultural practices of postmodernism fight against thinking of binary oppositions, which led to repression of the corporeal beginning. On the examples from the field of art and fashion, it is demonstrated that the theoretical model of body without organs finds its practical implementation. In this research the author applies analytical, hermeneutic and comparative methods with regards to the outlined ideas from the area of philosophy and art. The scientific novelty consists in interpretation of art phenomena through the concept of body without organs. The concept of the Theatre of Cruelty developed by Antonin Artaud inspired the philosophers and art community to pursue the experience of a “living body”. Cunningham carried over the principle of coincidence from music to dance, undermining the traditional perception of body as a hierarchical system with organs subordinate to the center. In a commercial sphere, Gucci Luxury Fashion House created a visual reflection of the idea of agender. Abreaction practices in performance art are aimed at liberation of body from imagery. Postmodernists are sure that freedom from dyadic thinking, idea of the center and periphery, principles of hierarchy and teleologicity that are so common to any mind, would lead to regeneration of corporeality and human as such, realizing the true value of the European culture – value of freedom.
Desigualdad mediática: las senadoras en la cobertura de los medios uruguayos
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Font Silvina , Ponce Matias ,   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (España)
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación busca analizar las características de la cobertura de los medios de comunicación masivos sobre las mujeres políticas en Uruguay, específicamente sobre las senadoras en el año 2017. Partiendo desde un análisis del encuadre mediático (framing), se utiliza el método de análisis de contenido para estudiar las diferencias entre la cobertura mediática de las mujeres (invisibilización y reproducción de rol de género tradicional) y de los hombres políticos en Uruguay. Se concluye que el espacio brindado en los medios a las senadoras en Uruguay es proporcionalmente menor que el de sus pares varones, y que se las sigue colocando en marcos estereotipados.
La lógica mediática contra la deliberación mediada. El caso de los debates presidenciales
Authors: Echeverría Martín
Published: March 2020

Si se desempeñan correctamente, los debates presidenciales pueden considerarse ejercicios de deliberación mediada, con una rica base de conocimiento para el aprendizaje y modelado de la ciudadanía. Con todo, estos pudieran adoptar una lógica mediática en su interior y reproducir los elementos de conflicto, simplificación e incivilidad que pueblan el discurso político contemporáneo. Para constatar dicha colonización, se realizó un análisis de contenido de los debates de la elección mexicana de 2018 (N = 556 unidades), operacionalizando criterios de deliberación. Encontramos que se condujeron con civilidad, priorizando temas de política pública, aunque hubo elementos de simplificación y pobreza argumentativa; si bien esto no los inserta en la lógica mediática, tampoco les permite funcionar como actos de deliberación.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Structures of Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite from Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Chen Lan , Xu Bin , Yang Yurong , Bellaiche Laurent
Published: March 2020

A first‐principles‐based effective Hamiltonian is developed and employed to investigate finite‐temperature structural properties of a prototype of perovskite halides, that is CsPbI3. Such simulations, when using first‐principles‐extracted coefficients, successfully reproduce the existence of an orthorhombic Pnma state and its iodine octahedral tilting angles around room temperature. However, they also yield a direct transformation from Pnma to cubic upon heating, unlike measurements that reported the occurrence of an intermediate long‐range‐tilted tetragonal P4/mbm phase in‐between the orthorhombic and cubic phases. Such disagreement, which may cast some doubts about the extent to which first‐principle methods can be trusted to mimic hybrid perovskites, can be resolved by “only” changing one short‐range tilting parameter in the whole set of effective Hamiltonian coefficients. In such a case, some reasonable values of this specific parameter result in the predictions that i) the intermediate P4/mbm state originates from fluctuations over many different tilted states; and ii) the cubic phase is highly locally distorted and develops strong transverse antiphase correlation between first‐nearest neighbor iodine octahedral tiltings, before undergoing a phase transition to P4/mbm under cooling.
Tunable Adhesion on Superhydrophobic Copper Surfaces Using a Facile Controllable Dewetting Approach
Authors: Tang Zhongxue , He Meijin , Xu Bojie , Lu Cong , Meng Lili , Liu Huan
Published: March 2020

Superhydrophobic (SHPB) surfaces with tunable adhesion have attracted substantial research interest due to their broad applications. Surface adhesion is a critical parameter that is used to determine the dynamics of water droplets, including liquid pining and releasing. In this study, a facile dewetting strategy is developed to finely tune adhesion on SHPB copper surfaces in a controllable manner. Using this approach, various liquid manipulation behaviors are demonstrated. Copper nanofiber textures (CNFTs) with different surface morphologies, including nanofiber array, bundled nanofibers, and hierarchical micro‐/nanocomposite structures facilitate different dewetting processes of the silicone oil solution via different capillary pathways, which lead to different localization of the silicone oil. Consequently, the CNFTs exhibit tunable adhesion ranging from 8.5 to 104.7 µN, while exhibiting superhydrophobicity. It is proposed that the continuity of the three‐phase contact line plays a crucial role in determining the surface adhesion, which varies from a continuous state on nanofiber array to a discontinuous state on micro‐/nanocomposite textures. Taking advantage, various droplet manipulation behaviors, such as the loss‐less transfer, stretchable deformation, and the directional droplet rolling, are demonstrated using CNFTs with different adhesion. It is envisioned that the proposed strategy will elucidate the fabrication of functional SHPB surfaces.
Imaging Chemical Kinetics of Radical Polymerization with an Ultrafast Coherent Raman Microscope
Authors: Li Haozheng , Cheng Yong , Tang Huajun , Bi Yali , Chen Yage , Yang Guang , Guo Shoujing , Tian Sidan , Liao Jiangshan , Lv Xiaohua , Zeng Shaoqun , Zhu Mingqiang , Xu Chenjie , Cheng Ji‐Xin , Wang Ping
Published: March 2020

Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for polymerization to provide qualitative and quantitative prediction of how monomers spatially and temporally arrange into the polymeric chains. However, less is known about this process at the molecular level because the ultrafast chemical reaction is inaccessible for any form of microscope so far. Here, to address this unmet challenge, a stimulated Raman scattering microscope based on collinear multiple beams (COMB‐SRS) is demonstrated, which allows label‐free molecular imaging of polymer synthesis in action at speed of 2000 frames per second. The field of view of the developed 2 kHz SRS microscope is 30 × 28 µm2 with 50 × 46 pixels and 7 µs dwell time. By catching up the speed of chemical reaction, COMB‐SRS is able to quantitatively visualize the ultrafast dynamics of molecular vibrations with submicron spatial resolution and sub‐millisecond temporal resolution. The propagating polymer waves driven by reaction rate and persistent UV initiation are observed in situ. This methodology is expected to permit the development of novel functional polymers, controllable photoresists, 3D printing, and other new polymerization technologies.
Validation of pressure drop prediction and bed generation of fixed‐beds with complex particle shapes using discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Jurtz Nico , Wehinger Gregor D. , Srivastava Urvashi , Henkel Tobias , Kraume Matthias
Published: March 2020

Catalytic fixed‐bed reactors with a low tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio are widely used in industrial applications. The heterogeneous packing morphology in this reactor type causes local flow phenomena that significantly affect the reactor performance. Particle‐resolved computational fluid dynamics has become a predictive numerical method to analyze the flow, temperature, and species field, as well as local reaction rates spatially and may, therefore, be used as a design tool to develop new improved catalyst shapes. Most validation studies which have been presented in the past were limited to simple particle shapes. More complex catalyst shapes are supposed to increase the reactor performance. A workflow for the simulation of fixed‐bed reactors filled with various industrially relevant complex particle shapes is presented and validated against experimental data in terms of bed voidage and pressure drop. Industrially relevant loading strategies are numerically replicated and their impact on particle orientation and bed voidage is investigated.
Recent kuru‐induced female gene flow disrupted the coevolution of genes and languages in the Papua New Guinea highlands
Authors: Li Mian , DeRosa Kate L. , Mann Hayley , Spathis Rita , Roome Amanda , Castellanos Daniel , Gowen Kyle , de Smet Timothy S , Echard Jessica , Casey Kalen , Shamoon‐Pour Michel , Garruto Ralph M. , Lum Koji
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The island of New Guinea was settled by modern human over 50,000 years ago, and is currently characterized by a complex landscape and contains one‐seventh of the world's languages. The Eastern Highlands of New Guinea were also the home to the devastating prion disease called kuru that primarily affected Fore‐speaking populations, with some 68% of cases involving adult females. We characterized the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of highlanders from Papua New Guinea (PNG) to: (a) gain insight into the coevolution of genes and languages in situ over mountainous landscapes; and (b) evaluate the recent influence of kuru mortality on the pattern of female gene flow.

Materials and Methods

We sequenced the mtDNA hypervariable segment 1 of 870 individuals from the Eastern and Southern Highlands of PNG using serums collected in the 1950s to 1960s. These highlanders were selected from villages representing 15 linguistic groups within the Trans‐New Guinea phylum. Genetic, linguistic, and geographic distances were calculated separately and correlations among those distance matrices were assessed using the Mantel test.

Results

Geographic, genetic, and linguistic patterns were independently correlated with each other (p < .05). Increased mtDNA diversity in kuru‐affected populations and low Fst estimates between kuru‐affected linguistic groups were observed.

Discussion

In general, the genetic structure among the Highland populations was shaped by both geography and language, and language is a good predictor of mtDNA affinity in the PNG Highlands. High kuru female mortality increased female gene flow locally, disrupting coevolutionary pattern among genes, languages, and geography.
Age‐dependent amyloid deposition is associated with white matter alterations in cognitively normal adults during the adult life span
Authors: Caballero Miguel Á. Araque , Song Zhuang , Rubinski Anna , Duering Marco , Dichgans Martin , Park Denise C. , Ewers Michael
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Both beta‐amyloid (Ab) deposition and decline in white matter integrity, are brain alterations observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and start to occur by the fourth and fifth decades. However, the association between both brain alterations in asymptomatic subjects is unclear.

Methods

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained in 282 cognitively normal subjects (age 30‐89 years). We assessed the interaction of age by abnormal amyloid PET status (Florbetapir F‐18 PET >1.2 standard uptake value ratio [SUVR]) on regional mean diffusivity (MD) and global white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, controlled for sex, education, and hypertension.

Results

Subjects with abnormal amyloid PET (n = 87) showed stronger age‐related increase in global WMH and regional MD, particularly within the posterior parietal regions of the white matter.

Discussion

Sporadic Aβ deposition is associated with white matter alterations in AD predilection areas in an age‐dependent manner in cognitively normal individuals.
Clinical characteristics of stonefish “Oni‐daruma‐okoze” envenomation in Japan
Authors: Hifumi Toru , Fukuchi Yoshimune , Otani Norio , Kondo Yutaka , Kitamoto Takeshi , Kobayashi Kentaro , Nakaya Nobuaki , Tomioka Joji
Published: March 2020

Aim

Stonefish, known in Japan as “Oni‐daruma‐okoze” (Synanceia verrucosa Block et Schneider), inhabit the waters surrounding the Okinawa/Amami districts. By far, habubites have been limited to these areas mainly due to climatic conditions. Due to changes promoted by global warming and increasing tourism, concerns regarding the potential for stonefish envenomation as well as jellyfish stings on the main island of Japan are increasing. However, few studies of stonefish envenomation have been reported in Japan. The current study aimed to comprehensively examine for the first time the clinical characteristics of stonefish envenomation in Japan.

Methods

We administered retrospective questionnaire surveys between January 2013 and December 2017 to determine patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of stonefish envenomation. We compared patient characteristics between tourists and non‐tourists.

Results

Over the 5‐year study period, 15 patients were identified from four hospitals. More than 70% of stonefish envenomation cases occurred in the northern part of Okinawa Main Island. All patients recovered well, including four patients with severe stonefish envenomation. In two severe cases, the length of hospitalization was more than 1 week (8–9 days). Antivenom was not given. There were no significant differences between tourists and non‐tourists with regard to baseline characteristics.

Conclusions

During a 5‐year period, 15 cases of stonefish envenomation occurred in Japan. The patients recovered well without treatment with antivenom.
Sodium Dithionite‐Mediated Decarboxylative Sulfonylation: Facile Access to Tertiary Sulfones
Authors: Li Yaping , Chen Shihao , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: March 2020

A straightforward multicomponent decarboxylative cross coupling of redox‐active esters (N‐hydroxyphthalimide ester), sodium dithionite, and electrophiles was established to construct sterically bulky sulfones. The inorganic salt sodium dithionite not only served as the sulfur dioxide source, but also acted as an efficient radical initiator for the decarboxylation. Notably, diverse naturally abundant carboxylic acids and artificially prepared carboxyl‐containing drugs with multiple heteroatoms and sensitive functional groups successfully underwent this decarboxylative sulfonylation to provide sterically bulky tertiary sulfones. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that decarboxylation was the rate‐determining step and occurred via a single‐electron transfer (SET) process with the assistance of sodium dithionite.
Function of the aryl group in bis DOPO phosphonate on reducing fire hazards of polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Long Lijuan , Zhou Wang , Xiang Yushu , Li Juan , Huang Shaowen , Qin Shuhao , Xu Guomin , Yu Jie
Published: March 2020

The increased integration interaction of bis 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐ 10‐phospaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) phosphonate (abbreviated as FR) including ethyl‐(FR1), phenethyl‐(FR2), naphthalene‐(FR3) with the aryl group and hexa‐phenoxy‐cyclotriphosphazene (HPCP) on flame‐retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated. The role of the aryl group in FR on flame‐retarding PA6 was analyzed. Results showed that PA6 composites with greatly reduced fire hazards possessed a high‐limiting oxygen index value of 34% and achieved a UL‐94 V‐0 rating and sharply decreased peak heat release rate by simultaneously adding FR and HPCP. Flame inhibition effect acted as the main mechanism for FR and HPCP in flame‐retarding PA6. Gas phase action increased with the number of aryl groups. HPCP played a catalytic effect in the condensed phase. Particularly, the result of residue analysis after cone test implied that char surface with network structure was formed, and the structure became compact and continuous with the increase in the number of aryl groups. Furthermore, the aryl group played an important role in aiding the PA6 composites in the construction of a network protective char layer on the surface during combustion.