bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TO THE ISSUE OF BALANCING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS IN MONETARY CIRCULATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF DIGITAL CURRENCY CIRCULATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Крылов Олег
Published: April 2021

Money circulation, which mediates any sphere of public life, determines the need for it in the whole society, which elevates it to the rank of a public need, which can be met through its specific organization using various methods and techniques that make up the content of public interest.
Purpose: to analyze the categories «public interest» and «private interest» and balancing of public and private interests in monetary circulation. The author pays special attention to the balance of public and private interests in monetary circulation on the example of modern legal regulation of digital currency circulation in the Russian Federation.
Methods: empirical methods are used: comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization, description, as well as special methods: comparative legal, logical, systemic.
Results: on the ground of a comparative legal analysis of regulatory documents, the study shows indicators of public interest in monetary circulation and non-compliance with the balance of public and private interests in monetary circulation on the example of modern legal regulation of digital currency circulation in the Russian Federation.
INFORMATIZATION IN SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
Authors: Сайфутдинова Венера
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to one of the most important problems - the digitalization of social security law. In theory of social security law, the issue of codification of this branch of law, the creation of the Social Code of the Russian Federation as a way of systematizing the norms of law is still being discussed. This codification is certainly a convenient and necessary way to combine legal norms in this area, including for the purpose of bringing information to citizens. Meanwhile, the law enforcement legislation is quite dynamic, has a diverse, complex subject composition, and is extensive in content, which makes it difficult to create a codified act in this area.
Purpose: to analyze the problems of codification and development of digitalization of social security law.
Methods: the author uses the methods of comparison, description, interpretation, formal and dialectical logic, interpretation of legal norms.
Results: the XXI century dictates new requirements - the accessibility of information, which, in the author's opinion, is possible due to informatization processes that are rapidly entering the legislation of social security law.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE POLICE REFORM IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Каримова Гузель , Асеев Игорь , Каримов Рим
Published: April 2021

During the last years of its existence, in the Russian Empire a number of reforms was carried out, one of which was a police reform. The article discusses the main provisions of the draft law of the Russian Empire «On the transformation of the police in the Empire». The specific provisions of this project are separately studied, for example, the distribution of all localities by rank, determining the list of towns in which there were detective offices, improving the material status of police officers, etc. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of this bill in the State Duma, the problems encountered and ways to settle them. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the police reform in the context in which it took place. The authors use comparative legal and historical methods. As a result of the study, the authors come to the following conclusions: the reform was extremely important, it took place in a difficult political situation, if the draft law had been approved, it would have significantly improved the state of the police, especially at the local level.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE INCREASED APPLICABILITY OF THE RULE PROVIDING FOR EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY WITH THE IMPOSITION OF A COURT FINE: CRITICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Кострова Марина
Published: April 2021

The urgent task of the Russian State in combating crime at the current stage is to humanize and liberalize criminal legislation, new and existing rules on exemption from criminal liability are being introduced and improved as part of this policy. One of these new laws was the inclusion in the Criminal Code in 2016 of a provision on exemption from criminal liability with the imposition of a court fine, the four-year practice of which indicates its widespread demand.
The purpose of the paper is to identify and analyze the factors that cause a greatly increased applicability of the rule providing for exemption from criminal liability with the imposition of a court fine, their critical research, with respect to sectoral objectives.
The study is carried out using a set of methods - general scientific (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, systemic and structural method) and specific scientific (formal legal, sociological, statistical).
Results: on the basis of the analysis of judicial statistics and emerging judicial practice, the author identifies three main factors of the increased applicability of the rule providing for exemption from criminal liability with the imposition of a court fine, which have a negative impact on the performance of sectoral tasks: 1) inclusion in its scope of persons to whom it cannot be applied in strict accordance with the law; 2) inclusion in its scope of persons who have committed offences for which the policy of increasing criminal liability has been implemented in recent years; 3) inclusion in its scope of persons who have committed crimes whose main or additional target is human life. The author proposes original options for eliminating these factors at the legislative and law enforcement levels.
ON THE OCCASION OF V.V. LAZAREV’S 80TH BIRTHDAY
Authors: Самигуллин Венир
Published: April 2021

To the 80th anniversary of V.V. Lazarev.
FEATURES OF THE QUALIFICATION AND FACT OF PROOF IN THE VIOLATION OF TRAFFIC RULES AND OPERATION OF VEHICLES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
Authors: НАУМОВА Юлия Николаевна
Published: April 2021

The article addresses the problem of criminal liability for harm caused by the use of artificial intelligence in unmanned driving of a motor vehicle and related criminal, criminal procedure and forensic problems, it proposes the author's approaches to their solution. The purpose of the article is to establish the features of the qualification, fact of proof and forensic character of the offences in relation to traffic violations and the operation of vehicles in unmanned control using artificial intelligence. Methods: the author uses dialectical, formal methods, as well as specific scientific methods of criminal law, criminal procedure, administrative law, forensic theory in connection with the specificity of their sectoral content in violation of traffic rules and operation of vehicles using artificial intelligence systems. Results: It is substantiated that when collecting the evidence base on the fact of proof, the principal element of the nature of the crime, such as a method of committing a crime (unmanned driving), is central to the forensics process. The characteristics of the crime committed will determine the other elements of the crime (components).
The Local Wisdom of Batak Toba through the Philosophy of Dalihan Na Tolu in a Kinship Environment
Authors: Firma Harianja Rufer , Sudrajat Ajat
Published: April 2021

Local wisdom is a wisdom of noble values that is still wise and relies on a philosophy of behavior and ethics. Batak Toba has a wisdom that regulates the system and life patterns of others, known as Dalihan Na Tolu. This paper discusses how the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy affects the kinship system in the Batak Toba community and its benefits for the wider community. To interpret the data, this paper uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach to analyze in depth what is in a discussion in the text, which can be grouped according to the theme or material to be studied. Dalihan Na Tolu is connected from the old belief of the Batak Toba tribe to Mula Jadi Na Bolon (God of the universe) who also rules the three realms, namely the heavens, the earth and after death. Dalihan Na Tolu has a philosophy, namely somba marhula-hula, manat mardongan tubu, and elek marboru”. It means that every Batak person must respect / obey his wife's family, be careful with family members and be obedient to his husband's side. The cultural system of dalih na tolu is required to behave helping or caring for relatives at every opportunity and this behavior for the Toba Batak people is perceived as a high value and is also a noble and noble act. In fact, the Dalihan Natolu philosophy is not only for the Batak people, because fair, social and religious values are the needs of every human being.
El arte urbano y su patrimonialización. El caso de Huelva
Authors: Fernández Peña Ana
Published: April 2021

Desde los años ochenta hasta la actualidad, en la ciudad de Huelva viene desarrollándose un importante movimiento cultural en torno al arte urbano que permite hoy en sus calles contemplar grandes murales que proporcionan color y vida. A través de la investigación que se presenta, se ha analizado la evolución de estas prácticas, quiénes han sido y son las personas involucradas en su desarrollo, y cuáles son sus motivaciones, estilos, materiales o técnicas. Igualmente, se ha abordado el estudio de las interacciones que se producen entre este tipo de expresión artística, la ciudadanía y las instituciones y cómo se genera el reconocimiento y valoración de estos artistas y de sus obras a escala local, nacional e internacional. Las instituciones como el Museo Provincial de Huelva o La Casa de la Juventud “La Ruta”, en cuanto agentes de difusión, han sido también objeto de estudio. La investigación se ha extendido, por lo demás, a las relaciones entre el arte mural y el vandalismo y/o la conservación del patrimonio, su tendencia actual a la profesionalización y mercantilización y las respuestas ciudadanas ante un fenómeno siempre controvertido. De hecho, la entrada del arte urbano en el mercado del arte corre el riesgo de convertir este en un producto en manos de los poderes comerciales, perdiendo la esencia transgresora o rebelde que lo caracterizó en sus orígenes. Sin embargo, también puede ser esta mercantilización una oportunidad para que el artista urbano haga de su mayor afición un modelo de trabajo remunerado.
Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Manfaat Bermain pada Perkembangan Anak Usia balita di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Melati Rosa , Rahayu Metha Kemala
Published: April 2021

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government implemented the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions), which meant that no outdoor activities for the community, including children. Children's activities in the surrounding environment experience changes and restrictions. The design of this study was an analytic design with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all mothers who have children aged 1-5 years in Jatiluhur, and a sample of 50 respondents. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate data analysis using the Spearmen Rank correlation. The results of this study are that the majority of the mother's knowledge level about the benefits of playing for toddlers (aged 1-5 years) is in the good category (42 mothers: 87.5%) and the development of toddlers (ages 1-5 years) the majority is in the normal category of 59 people ( 94.5%). It is shown by the results of statistical tests using the Spearmen Rank with z count 3.181 z table (1.96). The conclusion from this study is that there is a relationship between the level of maternal knowledge about the benefits of playing with the development of toddlers (ages 1-5 years). Keywords: benefits of playing, knowledge, development
Gambaran Karakteristik Siswa SMP Dalam Mengontrol Emosional Di Kota MALANG
Authors: Rahayu Hastutiningtyas Wahidyanti , Maemunah Neni , Lakar Rolianto Ngganja
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The development of adolescence is always looking for new things and identity, this will make the youth begin to understand themselves when they have the ability to regulate and control their emotions and will adversely affect if they are not able to multiply their emotions. This study aims to know the characteristics of junior high school students in emotional control in Malang. This type of research is descriptive analytics. The respondents of the study were students at SMP Shalahuddin Malang, obtained a population of 65 respondents and a sample of 56 respondents taken with simple random sampling techniques. The data was collected using questionnaires. The results of the analysis are univariate and presented by frequency distribution. The results showed that of the 28 young men at Shalahuddin Junior High School in Malang, most had emotional control in the moderate category (71.43%) and that of the 28 young women at Smp Shalahuddin Malang most had emotional control in the high category (64.29%). In educational institutions, there needs to be knowledge about the characteristics of junior high school students in controlling emotions in Malang so that they know how to cope with students who cannot control emotions properly. Keywords : Student Characteristics, and Emotional Control ABSTRAK Masa perkembangan remaja selalu mencari hal yang baru dan identitas dirinya, hal ini akan membuat remaja mulai memahami dirinya ketika memiliki kemampuan dalam mengatur dan mengendalikan  emosinya dan akan berdampak buruk bila tidak  mampu  mengalikan  emosinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran karakteristik siswa SMP dalam mengontrol emosional di Kota Malang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik. Responden penelitian adalah siswa di SMP Shalahuddin Kota Malang, didapatkan populasi sebanyak 65 responden dan sampel sebanyak 56 responden yang diambil dengan teknik pengambilan simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil analisis secara univariat dan disajikan secara distribusi frekuensi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari 28 remaja putra di SMP Shalahuddin Kota Malang sebagian besar memiliki kontrol emosi pada kategori sedang (71,43%) dan bahwa dari 28 remaja putri di SMP Shalahuddin  Kota  Malang  sebagian  besar  memiliki  kontrol  emosi  pada  kategori tinggi (64,29%). Pada instansi pendidikan perlu adanya pengetahuan tentang karakteristik siswa SMP dalam mengontrol emosional di Kota Malang sehingga mengetahui cara mengatasi siswa yang tidak bisa mengontrol emosi secara baik. Kata kunci : Karakteristik siswa, dan Mengontrol emosional
Penerapan Pasal 33 Ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 Tentang Mata Uang di Maluku
Authors: Latukau Fikry , J.A. Hehanussa Deassy , Ubwarin Erwin
Published: April 2021

Penolakan mata uang sangat sering ditemui terutama di Kota Ambon Provinsi Maluku, dan apabila masyarakat tidak mau menerima atau menolak uang pecahan koin tersebut, maka akan terjadi pelanggaran hukum sesuai dengan pasal 33 ayat (2). Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris yang dengan kata lain adalah jenis penelitian hukum sosiologi dan dapat disebut pula dengan penelitian lapangan, yaitu mengkaji ketentuan hukum yang berlaku serta apa yang terjadi dalam kenyataannya di masyarakat. Legal tender pada prinsipnya adalah sebuah ketentuan hukum yang menyatakan bahwa suatu alat pembayaran dapat diterima secara umum sebagai alat pembayaran yang sah secara hukum dan tidak dapat ditolak sebagai alat pembayaran. Dalam menangani masalah-masalah dalam penegakan hukum pidana yang terjadi dalam masyarakat dapat dilakukan secara penal (hukum pidana) dan non penal (tanpa menggunakan hukum pidana). Untuk mencegah praktek penolakan pembayaran dengan mata uang rupiah, dalam ilmu hukum pidana dikenal ada dua cara atau usaha kepada kepolisian dan Bank Indonesia kantor perwakilan maluku untuk menanggulangi kejahatan atau pelanggaran yaitu upaya preventif (mencegah sebelum terjadinya kejahatan) dan upaya represif (usaha sesuda terjadinya kejahatan).
Ganti Kerugian dan Rehabilitasi Bentuk Perlindungan Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana dan Korban Proses Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Haeranah Haeranah , Amriyanto Amriyanto
Published: April 2021

This research and analysis is interesting because the author divides victims into 2 (two) forms, namely, general victims of law enforcement processes and crimes. Compensation and rehabilitation are the rights of victims that the state must enforce through legal means. This research is a normative research through a conceptual and statutory approach and the legal materials obtained are analyzed in an explanatory-deductive. The results indicate that the normative aspects of the balance of regulations related to compensation and rehabilitation for victims of the law enforcement process and victims of crimes in the Indonesian judicial system are still partial, so that its realization still requires criminal procedural law, law civil procedural or a combination of the two, as well as through state administrative law facilities, especially rehabilitation. We note several shortcomings and weaknesses in the use of legal means in this document. the form of compensation for the victim is in cash, while rehabilitation is in the form of restoring the good name, dignity and respect. The mechanisms and procedures for enforcing compensation and rehabilitation for victims still need to be simplified in order to realize the rights of victims of crime and victims of a balanced law enforcement process in the future.
Blended Learning Approach in UAE Higher Education: A Selected Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Samsonova Olga
Published: April 2021

In the present time, the required value of education can be achieved only by changing the parameters related to technology use and transforming a classroom into a student-centered that meets different students' needs and learning styles. The blended learning (BL) approach to learning has been the object of various studies in the last two decades as a way to achieve the required results.  Many higher educational institutes started to prefer BL over traditional teaching, and the UAE universities are not exceptions. There has been an increased recognition of the fact that more attention needs to be paid to this area. Hence, this selected annotated bibliography aimed to find out and describe the primary outcomes of the BL approach research in this country. Emergent themes from the UAE studies include 1) students' and instructors' technology readiness and their attitudes towards E-learning; 2) students' and instructors' views and experiences with BL approach; 3) BL tools and technologies (mobile learning and social-networking sites); 4) BL resources (Blackboard Learn, video content, online discussions, and Google Docs); 5) impact of BL. Twenty studies have been used for this review. The primary audience for this annotated bibliography is BL researchers.
Características epidemiológicas dos casos de sífilis congênita no Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Vieira Ianne Stéfani Angelim , Caldas Mona Lisa Lopes dos Santos , Medeiros Hellen Renatta Leopoldino , Lima Thoyama Nadja Felix de Alencar , Berezin Eitan Naaman
Published: April 2021

Esse estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características epidemiológicas da sífilis congênita, no estado da Paraíba, durante o período de 2014 a 2019. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo transversal, descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, realizada através do banco de dados do SINAN (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação), disponibilizados pelo DATASUS (Departamento de informação do Sistema Único de Saúde). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, os dados foram organizados no programa Microsoft EXCEL 2013® para análise das variáveis e disposição das tabelas. A incidência de sífilis congênita foi crescente no estado da Paraíba, a qual aumentou de 4,4 casos para 6,7/1.000 nascidos vivos. Dos 1639 casos notificados, 1593 (97,2%) possuíam até 6 dias de vida e 1468 (89,6%) foram classificados como sífilis congênita precoce. Relativo às características da mãe, 851 (51,9%) tinham idade entre 20 e 29 anos, 1377 (84,0%) se autodeclararam pardas, 882 (53,8%) estudaram até o ensino fundamental incompleto ou completo, 1400 (85,4%) realizaram o pré-natal, 791 (48,3%) obtiveram o diagnóstico durante o pré-natal, 1115 (68,0%) foram tratadas inadequadamente e 1010 (61,6%) não tiveram seus parceiros tratados. Assim, verificou-se que a proposta de identificar as características epidemiológicas dos casos notificados de sífilis congênita no estado da Paraíba constitui-se uma ferramenta efetiva para dimensionar a proporção do agravo e para orientar as ações de controle e eliminação da sífilis congênita no estado.
Caracterização, atributos e potencial de mercado do mel de cacau
Authors: Guirlanda Christiano Pedro , Silva Geisa Gabriela da , Takahashi Jacqueline Aparecida
Published: April 2021

O mel de cacau é um subproduto da produção de cacau, cujo volume vem aumentando com o crescimento da indústria de chocolates e derivados. Este líquido produzido naturalmente durante a pós-colheita do cacau tem sabor agridoce e cor clara, possui compostos bioativos, açúcares, vitamina C e fibras dietéticas de importância para a indústria de alimentos. Sua aplicação industrial ainda requer estudos aprofundados e desenvolvimento tecnológico, porém, a literatura já aponta pesquisas para desenvolvimento de novos produtos contendo mel de cacau como sorvetes, geleias mistas, vinagres e bebidas alcoólicas. Atualmente o aproveitamento do mel de cacau ocorre de forma tímida, muitas vezes artesanal, limitada às propriedades produtoras de cacau devido a restrições para seu uso industrial e questões como sua conservação, que hoje em dia ocorre basicamente pelo processo de congelamento. Com os atuais esforços para fortalecimento da bioeconomia e de exploração sustentável das cadeias produtivas, há uma grande necessidade de desenvolvimento de produtos a partir de mel de cacau, de forma a evitar seu descarte e agregar renda para os produtores. Esta revisão descreve a obtenção, a composição físico-química, o potencial bioativo e tecnológico do mel de cacau, dentro da cadeia de beneficiamento do cacau.
Caracterização dos atendimentos ambulatoriais de urgência em minas gerais e implicações no papel da enfermagem
Authors: Freitas Júlia Lancaster de Carvalho , Reis Marina Correa Alves dos , Silva Fernanda Marcelino de Rezende e , Quadros Karla Amaral Nogueira , Cortez Eduardo Nogueira , Pena Heber Paulino , Oliveira Flávia de , Santos Regina Consolação dos , Freitas Túlio Resende , Andrade Silmara Nunes
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Realizar a descrição os dados disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais sobre os atendimentos de caráter de urgência descrevendo o papel da enfermagem e sua relevância. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizada uma análise de série temporal dos atendimentos de caráter de urgência do Estado de Minas Gerais, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, através do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais. Resultados: A partir da computação dos dados foi possível observar variações quanto à quantidade de atendimentos de caráter de urgência, quanto aos mesmos realizados por profissionais enfermeiros e quanto aos atendimentos por nível de complexidade, com destaque para o mês de dezembro. Conclusão: É necessário valorizar os profissionais de enfermagem, fortalecer a Atenção Básica como porta de entrada do sistema de saúde e promover a educação em saúde, esclarecendo aos usuários as atribuições de cada serviço.
Protocolo de uso de fios ortodônticos em aparelhos autoligáveis
Authors: Haas Laylla Carneiro da Silva , Alessio Junior Luiz Eduardo , Crepaldi Melissa Guimarães , Curi Viviane , Suárez Jaime Rodolfo Gamarra , Moreira Kelly Maria Silva , Silva Priscila Vieira da , Crepaldi Marcus Vinicius
Published: April 2021

Devido à grande variedade de fabricantes de aparelhos ortodônticos autoligados, dúvidas em relação ao protocolo de utilização e sequência dos fios nestes aparelhos podem surgir. Desta forma o conhecimento das propriedades mecânicas dos fios ortodônticos, facilita a escolha mais adequada para cada fase dos tratamentos. A evolução tecnológica de manufatura dos fios e a elaboração de novas técnicas ortodônticas levam a uma procura por uma melhor qualidade das ligas, a fim de torná-los biologicamente mais efetivos no que diz respeito aos dentes e tecidos suporte. Este trabalho apresenta o protocolo de fios para cada fases de tratamento; o protocolo de fios recomendado pelos diferentes fabricantes e o protocolo do fio Bioforce utilizada na clínica FAIPE.
Drug combination and nanooncology for improvement in the treatment of breast cancer: a review
Authors: Faria Raquel Santos , Souza Danielle Galdino de , Pacheco Thyago José Arruda , Silva Franciéle de Matos da , Silva Victor Carlos Mello da , Lima Luiza Ianny de
Published: April 2021

Optimizing drug combination treatment has been an area of interest for a while, from the beginning with the emergence of the POMP regime. The ability to improve drug combinations for cancer treatment comes up against the possibility of several limitations, such as the lack of specificity of the drugs, generating systemic toxic effects, and also the great possibility of generating tumor cells resistant to the drugs. The development of nanooncology offers advances in new alternatives for the treatment of cancer, especially breast cancer. The strategy of using drugs combined in a nanocarrier for the treatment of breast cancer has proven to be quite effective, taking into account that breast cancer has long shown a good response with therapeutic combinations. In this work, we present a review of some examples of nanoformulations developed with the combination of drugs doxorubicin and/or paclitaxel aimed for the treatment of breast cancer. Also the future perspectives of nanotechnology in the drug combination.
O uso de atividades experimentais como recurso para educação ambiental: um caso de reaproveitamento hídrico no âmbito escolar
Authors: Silva Joselia Cristina Siqueira da , Bianco Gilmene , Silveira Dieison Prestes da , Gomes Rodrigo da Vitória , Veiga Deivid Jonas Silva da , Serafim Lielle
Published: April 2021

Com o aumento do desperdício de água e a poluição do meio ambiente, a atividade humana passou a ser uma grande geradora de resíduos, acarretando inúmeras consequências ambientais. A escassez dos recursos hídricos é uma das principais consequências encontradas no nosso cenário atual. Tendo em vista a escassez da água, diversas ações alternativas para o tratamento de águas residuais estão sendo desenvolvidas. Uma técnica que pode favorecer a descontaminação da água é a eletrofloculação, que causa a aglutinação de impurezas, por meio de reações de oxirredução. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar como o desenvolvimento de atividades experimentais no ensino de química pode favorecer a conscientização para preservação de recursos hídricos. A pesquisa contemplou 28 alunos matriculados na 2ª série do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública estadual de Colatina-ES no ano de 2019, apresentando metodologia com abordagem qualitativa e experimental. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Método de Análise Observacional, permitindo-nos concluir que a utilização da experimentação no processo de ensino quando atrelada a Educação Ambiental pode gerar incentivo à curiosidade e a pesquisa, potencializando saberes a relação homem-ambiente.
Simulação do processo de destilação extrativa para produção de etanol anidro utilizando etilenoglicol como agente de separação
Authors: Souza Alvaro Eduardo Costa , Cerqueira Daniel Alves , Sousa Nádia Guimarães , Cardoso Cássia Regina
Published: April 2021

O etanol anidro é um produto com teor mínimo de 99,5% molar de etanol, possui aplicações como solvente, precursor de compostos químicos, além de poder ser adicionado à gasolina para uso como combustível. A separação da mistura etanol/água por destilação fracionada é limitada a 88% molar de etanol devido à formação de um azeótropo, o que impede a produção de etanol anidro. Métodos alternativos de destilação são utilizados, destacando-se a destilação extrativa, que consiste na introdução de um agente extrator de alto ponto de ebulição, capaz de absorver e realizar o arraste da água para a base da coluna, o etanol anidro é obtido como destilado. Este trabalho propõe uma simulação no software livre ChemSep do processo de destilação extrativa para obtenção de etanol anidro utilizando etilenoglicol como agente extrator para eficiência dos estágios de 70% e 100%. Foram realizadas análises de parâmetros do processo como o número de estágios totais, estágio de alimentação da mistura azeotrópica e do solvente, razão de refluxo e temperatura de alimentação do solvente e da mistura azeotrópica; buscando encontrar as condições de maior eficiência. Como resultado, para eficiência de 100%, obteve-se uma coluna com 20 estágio totais, com a mistura azeotrópica sendo introduzida no estágio 10 e o solvente no estágio 3, nas temperaturas de 25°C e 70°C respectivamente, com razão de refluxo de 1,1. Constatou-se a necessidade de um número maior de estágios e de razão de refluxo para obtenção de mesma concentração de etanol no destilado para 70% de eficiência.
Má rotação intestinal: um diagnóstico diferencial da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico
Authors: Araripe Ana Letícia de Aragão Oliveira , Almeida Juliana , Lopes Priscila Favoritto
Published: April 2021

Neste relato iremos discorrer sobre um paciente de 7 anos de idade com diagnóstico de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico em tratamento desde os primeiros anos de vida. Apesar do tratamento clínico para a patologia, apresentava persistência de quadro de vômitos pós-alimentares precoces ocasionais, com necessidade de internação para compensação de distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos. Após ser encaminhado por um cirurgião, que suspeitou de necessidade de gastrofundoplicatura, o paciente procurou o serviço de urgência do Hospital Estadual Dirceu Arcoverde durante uma crise para ser avaliado pela Cirurgia Pediátrica. A hipótese de má rotação intestinal associada ou não a membrana duodenal foi prontamente aventada e investigada. Os exames de imagem corroboraram a suspeita e a cirurgia de Ladd foi realizada com sucesso. O relato foi elaborado através da análise de dados de prontuário de dois serviços médicos e fundamentado por pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Scielo e Pubmed. Nosso objetivo com este relato é trazer á memória um diagnóstico diferencial raro para uma sintomatologia compatível com patologia comum e salientar a importância do olhar de uma equipe multidisciplinar. Frente a um paciente com refluxo gastroesofágico, associado a déficit de crescimento e refratariedade no tratamento, diagnósticos diferenciais devem ser realizados e um deles é a má-rotação intestinal.
Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol dispersion in indoor air: scoping review
Authors: Lima Anyele Albuquerque , Nunes Izabelly Carollynny Maciel , Duarte José Leandro da Silva , Meili Lucas , Nagliate Patricia de Carvalho , Almeida Alda Graciele Claudio dos Santos
Published: April 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is the infectious agent responsible for COVID-19, its transmission occurs through the release of respiratory droplets and aerosols. Aim: Identify the main characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols dispersion in indoor air. Methods: Scoping Review was conducted using the databases: National Library of Medicines – MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Cochrane Library, the search in gray literature was performed on Google Scholar, OpenGrey and Grey Literature Report, from March to September 2020. The descriptors used were "coronavirus" and "aerosol". Data were selected and screened following the protocol established by the The Joanna Briggs Institute, PRISMA flow diagram and EndNote reference management tool. Findings: Ten papers were selected, which presented characteristics that could influence the SARS-CoV-2 aerosols dispersion, with highlight to: aerosol origin; viral load identified in the air (2.86 copies/liter of air); aerosol particle size with viral load (0.25 μm); dispersion (10.00 m); air stay time (3 h); influence of air temperature and relative humidity. Conclusion: Aerosol particles containing SARS-CoV-2 may have infectious viral charge, presenting a minimum size up to 0.25 μm, being able to reach up to 10 m of distance and survive in the air for a few hours. The variables air temperature and relative humidity did not present consistent evidence to influence the dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols.
Associação da microbiota intestinal com o transtorno da ansiedade e depressão
Authors: Silva Bruna Myrele Freitas da , Lima Ana Carolina da Conceição , Santos Laynne Soares dos , Brito Andrea  Nunes Mendes de
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Os desgastes psicossociais que as pessoas passam cotidianamente é um fator importante na causa de doenças psíquicas como a depressão e a ansiedade através do estresse. Quando não são devidamente tratadas, tanto pela impossibilidade mental de não conseguir expressar esses problemas, essas doenças podem se manifestar no corpo através de sintomas psicossomáticos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa , foi conduzida uma busca nas bases de dados SciElo, LILACS e Pub Med, e foram utilizadas para as bases de dados as seguintes palavras: “microbiota intestinal” “Transtorno depressivo” e “Transtorno de Ansiedade”. Os artigos identificados durante a busca nas bases de dados foram selecionados a partir da leitura dos títulos, seguido dos resumos, incluindo 5 artigos no estudo. Resultados: Os estudos foram selecionados de acordo com os autores, o ano de publicação, local de estudo, tipo de estudo, resultados e conclusão. A relação da microbiota intestinal com a saúde humana foi restringida aos mais comuns distúrbios mentais e de comportamento. Considerações Finais: Chegou-se a conclusão de que é importante ressaltar a importância da realização de estudos sobre esta temática, com o objetivo de contribuir na qualidade de vida de pessoas que possuem estes transtornos.
Tratamento de fratura de mandíbula por ferimento de arma de fogo em decorrência de violência doméstica
Authors: Ribeiro Kim Henderson Carmo , Roseno Ana Carolyna Becher , Corrêa Ana Paula Simões , Menezes Francisco Rogerio Aguiar de , Matsumoto Mariza Akemi , Goto Ângela Alves de Aguiar
Published: April 2021

O aumento dos índices de violência interpessoal tem gerado um grande impacto na sociedade mundial, principalmente pelo número de vítimas acometidas por ferimentos causados por projéteis de arma de fogo (PAF). Levando-se em consideração a gravidade desse tipo de lesão, a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica e o aumento significativo de mulheres vitimizadas, destaca-se a importância do conhecimento, por parte do cirurgião bucomaxilofacial, do procedimento técnico cirúrgico e do acolhimento da vítima. Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar a problemática social envolvendo o feminicídio e relatar de maneira descritiva um caso, no qual a paciente foi vítima de uma tentativa de homicídio, necessitando, dessa forma, de intervenção cirúrgica para redução e fixação de uma fratura cominutiva em região mandibular.  A paciente encontra-se com 8 anos de pós-operatório, apresentando estabilidade da osteossínte e da oclusão, realizando normalmente todas as funções do sistema estomatognático. Mostrando assim sucesso da abordagem cirúrgica escolhida.
The effect of low-level laser therapy on functional improvements in the temporomandibular joints: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Veras Nirlley Karcia da Silva , Brandão Antônia Mykaele Cordeiro , Arruda Francisco Lázaro , Sousa Fernanda Mello da Silva , Gouveia Guilherme Pertinni de Morais
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) - recognized as the most common chronic orofacial pain condition - significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life and social coexistence. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on functional improvements in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Method: The research was carried out at the Universidade Federal do Piauí on 32 young adults with signs and symptoms of TMD, who were divided into the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG). The IG was administered the LLLT application directly on the TMJ. While both groups were subjected to the same procedures, for the CG, the laser device was turned off. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.87 ± 2.4 years, with a predominance of females (87.5%) over males (12.5%). Homogeneity was observed between the CG and IG concerning the presence of pain from palpation. The decrease in the pain of the musculature was relevant, with emphasis on the IG, which used LLLT. Moreover, there was an increase in participants, who rated on the pain scale their pain as “0” (no pain), and presented increased measures of joint mobility of the mandible and cervical spine, with relief of the painful symptoms, by breaking the pain-spasm-pain cycle. Conclusion: LLLT promotes a significant reduction of pain from palpation, improves the range of motion, and generates immediate and long-lasting benefits.
Matocompetição em pastagem de Panicum maximum BRS Tamani
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Silva de , Pereira Leandro Spíndola , Sousa Gustavo Dorneles de , Silva Jeovane Nascimento , Costa Estevam Matheus , Jakelaitis Adriano
Published: April 2021

Para a adoção de estratégias de manejo de plantas daninhas torna-se imprescindível o conhecimento dos períodos de interferência entre a comunidade infestante e a cultura de interesse econômico. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da matocompetição na implantação da pastagem de Panicum maximum BRS Tamani e na rebrotação desta após o corte. Dois ensaios foram conduzidos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. No primeiro ensaio, a forrageira foi mantida em convivência com as plantas daninhas pelos períodos de 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 63 dias após a emergência (DAE) da pastagem, e no segundo ensaio, a forrageira foi mantida sem a convivência das plantas daninhas pelos mesmos períodos até o corte da forrageira, aos 63 DAE. As parcelas foram mantidas livres da convivência de plantas daninhas por capinas manuais, conforme tratamento. A matocompetição se estabeleceu logo após a emergência da forrageira e reduziu o rendimento de forragem. O período crítico de prevenção da interferência de plantas daninhas na pastagem de P. maximum BRS Tamani situou-se entre 1(um) e se estendeu até aos 42 DAE. A interferência de plantas daninhas diminuiu a produção da forragem, bem como a porcentagem de cobertura vegetal, altura do dossel e perfilhamento da forrageira.
Differences in regulation of planktonic and epilithic biofilm bacterial production in the middle reaches of a temperate river
Authors: Tsuchiya K , Kohzu A , Kuwahara VS , Matsuzaki SiS , Denda M , Hirabayashi K
Published: April 2021

To clarify the governing factors of planktonic and epilithic bacterial production (BP) and to quantify their relative contributions to the carbon cycle, we investigated the seasonal variation and regulatory factors of planktonic and epilithic BP in the middle reaches of the Shinano River, Japan, ecosystem from February 2019 to May 2020. Sampling was conducted at 3 stations: upper stream riffle, upper stream pool, and lower stream riffle, where current velocity, water depth, and bed shear stress were distinct. Planktonic and biofilm BP ranged from 5.5 to 466 mgC m-3 d-1 and 2.9 to 132 mgC m-2 d-1, respectively, showing clear seasonal variation. Biofilm BP was higher in the upper stream riffle than at the other stations, where no spatial variation in planktonic BP was observed. Generalized linear models suggest that BP was primarily regulated by water temperature. Additionally, planktonic BP was significantly correlated with dissolved organic carbon, suggesting carbon limitation. Biofilm BP showed no evidence of resource limitation (nutrients and organic matter), but was significantly explained by current velocity and station. The results suggest that although seasonality is dominant in biofilm BP variation, spatial differences are significant within the seasonal variability. Moreover, current velocity and bottom shear stress related to local geomorphologies such as riffles and pools affect substrate supply rate and biofilm formation processes, regulating biofilm BP variation. This study demonstrated different regulatory factors of planktonic and biofilm BP in the middle reaches of a temperate river.
Combined impacts of photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides and light availability on seagrass and marine microalgae
Authors: King OC , Smith RA , Warne MSJ , van de Merwe JP , Connolly RM , Brown CJ
Published: April 2021

The combined and interactive effects of multiple stressors threaten coastal ecosystems, yet most ecological risk assessments used to inform environmental management still treat stressors separately. For marine microalgae and seagrass—particularly those common to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia—key stressors include low light from increased turbidity and herbicide exposure that runs off agricultural land. Despite co-occurring in aquatic ecosystems, the effects of these stressors are often studied separately, meaning any combined or interactive effects are overlooked. Here, we aimed to develop a conceptual synthesis of the physiological responses of marine microalgae and seagrass when exposed to these key stressors. We reviewed marine microalgae and seagrass exposure studies to understand how herbicide and light stress is assessed and generated hypotheses for the combined effects. In particular, we predict that photo-physiological, biochemical and whole-organism responses of aquatic plants and algae will interact antagonistically, additively or synergistically depending on the level of light availability and the endpoint measured. We recommend that future multi-stressor exposure experiments study how specific physiological processes interact to impact the growth of important primary producers such as microalgae and seagrasses. This will enable management to accurately determine the ecological risk of multiple stressors to aquatic species and ecosystems.
Biogenic structures and cable bacteria interactions: redox domain residence times and the generation of complex pH distributions
Authors: Yin H , Aller RC , Zhu Q , Aller JY
Published: April 2021

Cable bacteria are multicellular filamentous bacteria that conduct electrons nonlocally between anoxic and oxic sediment regions, creating characteristic electrogenic pH fingerprints. These microbes aggregate in 3D patterns near biogenic structures, and filament fragments are also dispersed throughout deposits. Utilizing pH-sensitive planar optodes to investigate the dynamic response of electrogenic pH fingerprints to sediment reworking, we found that mobile bioturbators like nereid polychaetes (ragworms) can disturb the pH signatures. Sudden sediment disturbance associated with burrows at sub- to multi-centimeter scales eliminates detection of pH signatures. However, electrogenic pH fingerprints can recover in as little as 13 h near abandoned, closed burrows. Sequential collapse and regeneration of electrogenic pH fingerprints are associated with occupied and dynamic burrow structures, with the response time positively related to the scale of disturbance. In the case of relatively stable tube structures, built by benthos like spionid polychaetes and extending mm to cm into deposits, the electrogenic pH fingerprint is evident around the subsurface tubes. Cable filaments clearly associate with subsurface regions of enhanced solute exchange (oxidant supply) and relatively stable biogenic structures, including individual tubes and patches of tubes (e.g. made bySabaco, a bamboo worm). Physically stable environments, favorable redox gradients, and enhanced organic/inorganic substrate availability promote the activity of cable bacteria in the vicinity of tubes and burrows. These findings suggest complex interactions between electrogenic activity fingerprints and species-specific patterns of bioturbation at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and a substantial impact of electrogenic metabolism on subsurface pH and early diagenetic reaction distributions in bioturbated deposits.
Physiological and Cognitive Performance in F-22 Pilots During Day and Night Flying
Authors: Combs Elizabeth K. , Dahlman Anna S. , Shattuck Nita L. , Heissel Jennifer A. , Whitaker Lyn R.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Many workers routinely transition between day and night shiftsincluding pilots, where night flights are commonly considered more stressful. The physiological toll from this transition is not fully understood, though fatigue is a factor in many aviation accidents.
This research investigated the changes in physiological markers of stress and cognitive performance as F-22 pilots transitioned from day flying to night flying.METHODS: There were 17 fully-qualified F-22 pilots who took part in a 2-wk data collection using salivary swabs, wrist-worn
activity monitors, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) inventory, and a go/no-go (GNG) test.RESULTS: No differences were found in comparing day and night flying on the GNG reaction time/accuracy, NASA-TLX scores, or sleep quantity. Cortisol
levels were significantly higher than civilian levels in all experimental conditions and control days. Participants had higher than predicted cortisol levels postflight in the day-flying condition and lower than predicted cortisol levels postflight in the night-flying condition, relative to
levels from control day patterns. We also found smaller changes in cortisol (pre- to postflight) in the day-flying condition for those with more F-22 experience. Finally, we found a negative correlation between Perceived Stress Scale scores and age of pilots (r 0.72).DISCUSSION:
We hypothesized that the night-flying environment would be more stressful, but our results disputed this claim. Our results suggest day flying elicits more of a stress response; however, a larger sample size is required to verify results. Preliminary findings of potential stress adaptation
may suggest stress adaptation in the F-22 community needs further investigation.Combs EK, Dahlman AS, Shattuck NL, Heissel JA, Whitaker LR. Physiological and cognitive performance in F-22 pilots during day and night flying. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(5):303311.
Increasing Altitude and the Optokinetic Cervical Reflex
Authors: Stewart Matthew A. , Pingali Sravan , Newman David G.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: When an aircraft banks pilots will reflexively tilt their heads in the opposite direction, known as the optokinetic cervical reflex (OKCR). This is elicited by the appearance of the horizon and is an attempt to keep the moving horizon stable on the pilots retina
to help maintain spatial orientation. The appearance of the horizon and the visual environment changes at higher altitudes and there is little research studying the effects of this. Our hypothesis was that increasing altitude would alter the visual cues present and decrease the OKCR.METHODS:
There were 16 subjects who flew two flights in a flight simulator while their head tilt, aircraft altitude, and angle of aircraft bank were recorded. The flights were at an altitude of under 1500 ft above ground and above 15,000 ft above ground.RESULTS: Aircraft bank caused head
tilt in the opposite direction at both altitudes. A two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that 86% of aircraft bank angles from 0 to 90 in either direction had a head tilt that was statistically significantly smaller at high altitude.DISCUSSION: This study shows that
there appears to be a difference between the OKCR at low and high altitude. Pilots at higher altitude seem to exhibit a smaller head tilt for the same aircraft bank angle. More research is required to fully understand why there is a decrease in the OKCR at high altitude, as well as the actual
consequences of the decreased reflex on pilot orientation.Stewart MA, Pingali S, Newman DG. Increasing altitude and the optokinetic cervical reflex. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(5):319325.