bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
bis‐(Aminophenyl)ferrocene ligand for palladium free CuI catalyzed Csp2−Csp cross‐coupling reaction
Authors: Kashyap Bishwapran , Talukdar Hrishikesh , Phukan Prodeep
Published: October 2023

Two new ferrocene based molecules S,S′‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)ferrocene‐1,1'‐bis(carbothioate) (I) and S,S′‐bis(3‐aminophenyl)ferrocene‐1,1'‐bis(carbothioate) (II) have been synthesized via a thioester linkage. The prepared compounds have been successfully applied as ligands for the CuI catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. The ligands are highly effective for the Csp2−Csp coupling between alkyne and iodobenzene and bromobenzene. Corresponding 1,2‐disubstituted alkynes could be synthesized from both aryl and alkyl alkynes in high yield by using catalytic amount of CuI in presence of bis(3‐aminophenyl)ferrocene derivative in dioxane at 50 °C.
Electrochemical Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds Using Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Narasimhamurthy Kereyagalahally H. , Umashankara Muddegowda , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S.
Published: October 2023

In this review, we present the development of the electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic compounds catalyzed by transition metal salts and their complexes since 2000. The review is presented as synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocycles. The review reflects the applications of transition metal catalysts in the synthesis of aza‐ and oxa‐heterocycles. All reactions are green since they avoid the requirement of chemical oxidants. Electricity as sole oxidant is used to regenerate the active metal catalyst. Thus, in general atom economies of organic electrochemical reactions are high. Nevertheless, use of electrolytes does not affect atom economy. However, one should consider catalytic amount of electrolytes rather than equivalent amount to make electrochemical reactions much green.
Benzylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Benzyl Alcohols Promoted by Perfluorosulfonic Acid Resin
Authors: Zhang Yingge , Yang Feng , Pei Supeng , Wang Qingwei , Xu Kangwei , Ma Jialu , Liu Guipeng , Xu Xiaojun , Liu Gaochong , Wang Zhihui , Xu Huiyu , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng
Published: October 2023

The catalytic performance of Perfluorosulfonic acid resin (PFSA), a solid superacid, was studied in the catalytic benzylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with benzylic alcohols. The PFSA‐catalyzed reactions could proceed smoothly to provide the products under solvent‐free conditions or in toluene and dichloromethane, which gave moderate to excellent yields. Due to its high chemical stability, PFSA was quite stable under the reaction conditions and could be recovered at least eight times without significant reduction of its catalytic effect. Moreover, this reaction was investigated at a 20 mmol scale, which indicated the potential applicability of the large‐scale industrial synthesis. Finally, the mechanism of the PFSA‐catalyzed benzylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with benzylic alcohols was also investigated.
Titanium‐based MOFs‐derived Cabon‐supported Photocatalysts for the Efficient Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Wang Fuying , Zhang Liuxue , Liu Cong , Xu Xuetong , Jia Xu , Liu Shaokang , Wang Xiulian , Zhang Huiqin , Li Aimei
Published: October 2023

In order to eliminate the public health hazard of tetracycline in a more environmentally friendly and efficient manner, a titanium‐based metal‐organic framework material containing Co ions was synthesised as a precursor by the traditional solvothermal method. Subsequently, a series of titanium‐based MOFs‐derived carbon‐supported photocatalysts were synthesised by calcining the precursor at different temperatures in air. All the prepared catalysts achieved effective degradation of the model pollutant tetracycline (TC). By adjusting the parameters such as TC concentration, catalyst dosage and irradiation time, the optimised composite material (TiCoOC‐800‐1) has a degradation rate of 99.4 % for the model pollutant TC with a concentration of 100 mg/L after under the UV irradiation during 30 min. Radical scavenging experiments showed that the main oxide species responsible for the rapid photodegradation of tetracycline were superoxide radicals (⋅O2−) and holes (h+). Finally, the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method was used to detect the molecular degradation intermediates of TC and a possible degradation pathway was proposed. This work will provide new ideas for the development of more efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of TC in wastewater.
Regioselective C(sp2)3−H thiocyanation of substituted 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones and its derivatizations
Authors: Roy Sanjay , Ghosh Prasanjit , Ghosh Shibaji , Mondal Samir K. , Mandal Anirban , Das Sajal
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate herein the first example of K2S2O8 mediated direct C(sp2)−Hthiocyanation of substituted 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones at room temperature in the absence of a metal catalyst. This unique approach features a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group tolerance and substitution patterns, affording the target thiocyanated scaffolds in lucrative yields with exclusive regioselectivity. Mechanistic investigations have also been conducted for better understanding of the reaction pathway. In addition, the synthetic utility of this protocol has been showcased through the construction of biologically relevant analogues.
HO‐3867, a curcumin analog, elicits cell apoptosis and p38‐mediated caspase activation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hsueh Kuan‐Chun , Ju Po‐Chung , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Su Shih‐Chi , Yeh Chao‐Bin , Lin Chiao‐Wen
Published: October 2023

HO‐3867, a synthetic curcumin analog, has displayed various tumor‐suppressive characteristics and improved bioabsorption over its parent compound. However, its influences on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poorly defined. To address this, we tested the anticarcinogenic impact of HO‐3867 and investigated the underlying mechanisms in fighting liver cancer. Our result demonstrated that HO‐3867 reduced the viability of HCC cells, accompanied by promotion of cell cycle arrest at the sub‐G1 stage and apoptotic responses. Furthermore, a distinctive profile of apoptosis associated proteins, encompassing elevated heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) level and caspase activation, was detected in HO‐3867‐stimulated HCC cells. In addition, such HO‐3867‐mediated elevation in caspase activation was dampened by pharmacological suppression of p38 activities. Taken together, our findings unveiled that HO‐3867 triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptotic events in liver cancer, involving a p38‐mediated activation of caspase cascades. These data highlighted a usefulness of curcumin or its analogs on the management of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Effectiveness of curcumin nanoparticles in rat liver fibrosis caused by thioacetamide
Authors: Radwan Aliaa M. , Fatoh Shahenda A. , Massoud Ahmed , Tousson Ehab
Published: October 2023

Although curcumin possesses anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective qualities, its low absorption limits its medicinal uses. Before examining how curcumin influenced rats' liver fibrosis when thioacetamide (TAA) was produced, the current study employed nanoparticles (NPs) to improve curcumin bioavailability. Sixty mature rats were separated into six groups (Group 1, control; Group 2, curcumin; Group 3, curcumin nanoparticles; Group 4, TAA; Group 5, TAA + curcumin; Group 6, TAA + curcumin NPs). TAA administration caused considerable increases in serum liver enzymes associated with a remarkable depletion in the levels of albumin and total protein relative to the control. In addition, a significant elevation in malonaldehyde (MDA) level with a significant depletion in the antioxidant enzymes activity was detected. Also, TAA had a significant effect on the inflammation markers represented by the elevation in tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and DNA damage. Administration of curcumin or curcumin NPs in TAA‐intoxicated rats significantly (p < .001, p < .0001) alleviates liver injury by correcting antioxidant status, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. The results of comparing TAA‐intoxicated rats treated with curcumin NPs to TAA‐intoxicated rats treated with bulk curcumin revealed that the ameliorative effect of nanocurcumin was stronger. These observations concluded that nanoparticle formulation can increase curcumin bioavailability and solubility, enhancing its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory efficiency, resulting in greater potential against thioacetamide‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: A quick path to relief?
Authors: Tang Nailong , Shu Wanqing , Wang Hua‐ning
Published: October 2023

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe, tolerable, and evidence‐based intervention for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, even after decades of research, nearly half of the patients with MDD fail to respond to conventional TMS, with responding slowly and requiring daily attendance at the treatment site for 4–6 weeks. To intensify antidepressant efficacy and shorten treatment duration, accelerated TMS protocols, which involve multiple sessions per day over a few days, have been proposed and evaluated for safety and viability. We reviewed and summarized the current knowledge in accelerated TMS, including stimulation parameters, antidepressant efficacy, anti‐suicidal efficacy, safety, and adverse effects. Limitations and suggestions for future directions are also addressed, along with a brief discussion on the application of accelerated TMS during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Intracellular FGF1 protects cells from apoptosis through direct interaction with p53
Authors: Lampart Agata , Krowarsch Daniel , Biadun Martyna , Sorensen Vigdis , Szymczyk Jakub , Sluzalska Katarzyna , Wiedlocha Antoni , Otlewski Jacek , Zakrzewska Malgorzata
Published: October 2023

Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) acts by activating specific tyrosine kinase receptors on the cell surface. In addition to this classical mode of action, FGF1 also exhibits intracellular activity. Recently, we found that FGF1 translocated into the cell interior exhibits anti-apoptotic activity independent of receptor activation and downstream signaling. Here, we show that expression of FGF1 increases the survival of cells treated with various apoptosis inducers, but only when wild-type p53 is present. The p53-negative cells were not protected by either ectopically expressed or translocated FGF1. We also confirmed the requirement of p53 for the anti-apoptotic intracellular activity of FGF1 by silencing p53, resulting in loss of the protective effect of FGF1. In contrast, in p53-negative cells, intracellular FGF1 regained its anti-apoptotic properties after transfection with wild-type p53. We also found that FGF1 directly interacts with p53 in cells and that the binding region is located in the DBD domain of p53. We therefore postulate that intracellular FGF1 protects cells from apoptosis by directly interacting with p53.
Kombinierter Einfluss von psychologischen und biomechanischen Faktoren auf die muskulären Belastungen beim Fußballspielen
Authors: Auer Simon , Kubowitsch Simone , Dendorfer Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Beim Zusammenwirken von mentaler Beanspruchung und muskuloskelettaler Belastung steigt das Risiko für Verletzungen durch veränderte Körperkinematik und erhöhte Muskelspannung. Diese Veränderungen können mit muskuloskelettalen Modellen festgestellt werden, wobei zusätzlich die mentale Belastung und Beanspruchung auf emotionaler, kognitiver und verhaltensbezogener Ebene analysiert werden muss. Um diese Kinematik- und Belastungsänderungen unter Stress zu untersuchen, wurden Leistungssportler:innen bei hochdynamischen Bewegungen mentalem Stress ausgesetzt und mittels muskuloskelettaler Modelle die biomechanische Belastung analysiert. Dabei zeigte sich, dass es unter mentaler Beanspruchung, unabhängig vom subjektiven Empfinden, zu einer starken Änderung der Muskelkräfte kommen kann. Entsprechend sollten Leistungssportler:innen Screenings zur Beurteilung der individuellen Bewegungsmuster durchlaufen und die allgemeine Stressresilienz gefördert werden.
Physiological and genetic regulation of anhydrobiosis in yeast cells
Authors: Sęk Wioletta , Kot Anna M. , Rapoport Alexander , Kieliszek Marek
Published: October 2023

Anhydrobiosis is a state of living organisms during which their metabolism is reversibly delayed or suspended due to a high degree of dehydration. Yeast cells, which are widely used in the food industry, may be induced into this state. The degree of viability of yeast cells undergoing the drying process also depends on rehydration. In an attempt to explain the essence of the state of anhydrobiosis and clarify the mechanisms responsible for its course, scientists have described various cellular compounds and structures that are responsible for it. The structures discussed in this work include the cell wall and plasma membrane, vacuoles, mitochondria, and lysosomes, among others, while the most important compounds include trehalose, glycogen, glutathione, and lipid droplets. Various proteins (Stf2p; Sip18p; Hsp12p and Hsp70p) and genes (STF2; Nsip18; TRX2; TPS1 and TPS2) are also responsible for the process of anhydrobiosis. Each factor has a specific function and is irreplaceable, detailed information is presented in this overview.

Graphical abstract
Channel-assisted cervical key hole technology combined with ultrasonic bone osteotome versus posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical foraminotomy: a clinical retrospective study
Authors: Sun Xiao , Wang Chuanen , Kong Qingquan , Zhang Bin , Feng Pin , Liu Junlin , Hu Yuan , Ma Junsong , Xiang Junwei
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The search for more effective and safe treatment methods for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) has led to the rapid development and increasing popularity of minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy (MI-PCF). This study aims to compare two important approaches for MI-PCF surgery: the channel-assisted cervical key hole technology combined with ultrasonic bone osteotome (CKH-UBO) and posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PPECF).

Methods

Data from patients treated with single-level CKH-UBO (n = 35) or PPECF (n = 40) were analyzed. Clinical outcomes, including visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and modified Macnab criteria, were assessed preoperatively, as well as at three days, three months, and one year postoperatively.

Results

The percentages of patients with excellent and good outcomes were 97.14% and 92.5%, respectively. The average surgical time in the CKH-UBO group was significantly shorter than in the PPECF group (p < 0.001), while the average incision length in the PPECF group was significantly smaller than in the CKH-UBO group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of blood loss, hospital stay, and clinical outcomes at three days, three months, and 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

CKH-UBO can achieve the same surgical outcomes as PPECF for the treatment of CSR. However, CKH-UBO saves more time but requires patients to undergo larger incisions.
Superomedial-Posterior Pedicle-Based Reduction Mammaplasty: Evaluation of Effectiveness and BREAST-Q Outcomes of a Rapid and Safer Technique
Authors: La Padula Simone , Mernier Thibaud , Larcher Quentin , Pizza Chiara , D’Andrea Francesco , Pensato Rosita , Meningaud Jean Paul , Hersant Barbara
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Breast hypertrophy, a common pathological condition, often requires surgical intervention to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and improve patients’ quality of life. Various techniques have been developed for breast reduction, each with its own advantages and complications. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of the authors technique: the Superomedial-Posterior Pedicle-Based Reduction Mammaplasty.

Material and Methods

A prospective study was conducted on 912 patients who underwent breast reduction surgery between November 2012 and July 2020. The surgical technique involved preserving all glandular tissue from the areola to the pectoralis major muscle using the superomedial-posterior pedicle. The patients’ demographic data, operative details, complications, breast-related quality of life (measured using the Breast-Q questionnaire), and nipple–areola complex sensitivity were analyzed.

Results

The average operative time was 62.12 ± 10.3 minutes. Complications included minor wound dehiscence (4.05%) and hematoma (1.2%), with no cases of nipple–areola complex necrosis. Nipple–areola sensitivity was fully restored in all patients at the 2-year follow-up. Patient satisfaction with the procedure was high with a statistically significant difference observed between pre- and postoperative scores (p < 0.001) of the Breast-Q questionnaire.

Conclusion

Authors technique offers reliable vascularization and innervation of the nipple–areola complex and achieves satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. It is associated with shorter operative times compared to other techniques reported in the literature. The Superomedial-Posterior Pedicle-Based Reduction Mammaplasty represents a safe and effective method for breast reduction surgery, providing significant benefits to patients with breast hypertrophy.

Level of Evidence I

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Long noncoding RNAs as versatile molecular regulators of cellular stress response and homeostasis
Authors: Scholda Julia , Nguyen Thi Thuy Anh , Kopp Florian
Published: October 2023

Normal cell and body functions need to be maintained and protected against endogenous and exogenous stress conditions. Different cellular stress response pathways have evolved that are utilized by mammalian cells to recognize, process and overcome numerous stress stimuli in order to maintain homeostasis and to prevent pathophysiological processes. Although these stress response pathways appear to be quite different on a molecular level, they all have in common that they integrate various stress inputs, translate them into an appropriate stress response and eventually resolve the stress by either restoring homeostasis or inducing cell death. It has become increasingly appreciated that non-protein-coding RNA species, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), can play critical roles in the mammalian stress response. However, the precise molecular functions and underlying modes of action for many of the stress-related lncRNAs remain poorly understood. In this review, we aim to provide a framework for the categorization of mammalian lncRNAs in stress response and homeostasis based on their experimentally validated modes of action. We describe the molecular functions and physiological roles of selected lncRNAs and develop a concept of how lncRNAs can contribute as versatile players in mammalian stress response and homeostasis. These concepts may be used as a starting point for the identification of novel lncRNAs and lncRNA functions not only in the context of stress, but also in normal physiology and disease.
Heat stress in South America over the last four decades: a bioclimatic analysis
Authors: Miranda Vitor F. V. V. , dos Santos Djacinto Monteiro , Peres Leonardo F. , Salvador Coral , Nieto Raquel , Müller Gabriela V. , Thielen Dirk , Libonati Renata
Published: October 2023

The observed continuous rise in the frequency of extreme heat events in South America (SA) poses a serious challenge for public health. However, there is a lack on the understanding of the large-scale and long-term variability and trends of thermal stress in this continent. Accordingly, here we developed the first comprehensive bioclimatology of thermal stress over SA during the past four decades. Consecutive heat stress hours were analyzed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) from ERA5-HEAT reanalysis according to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification and also focusing on the 31 most populated cities of SA. Results show an inland/coastline contrast and a marked latitudinal northward increase in the number of hours under heat stress. Heat stress hotspots are located mostly around the Amazon, northern and central parts of SA with 26–35% of the hours between 1979 and 2020 under strong heat stress. The annual number of hours within heat stress increased significantly between 1979 and 2020, varying from + 1.16 h/year to + 8.25 h/year depending on the Köppen–Geiger class. The past 20 years (2000 forward) presented not only more consecutive hours under heat stress than the previous two decades in all the analyzed cities, but also a higher persistence of such conditions. The bioclimatology of thermal stress developed here may provide important guidelines to decision-makers for exploring adaptation strategies to increase societal resilience.
Sexual dysfunction in a sample of Egyptian patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Deraz Heba Assem Deraz Abdelhalim , Amer Hanan Abdalla Hassan , Suleiman Muhammad Ramadan , Dahshan Ahmed
Published: October 2023

Background

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common, yet underdiagnosed problem in Parkinson Disease (PD) patients. It can negatively impact their quality of life (QoL) and clinical outcome. we tried to assess SD in a group of Egyptian PD patients.

Methods

The study is a case–control, cross-sectional study that included 200 participants, consisting of 100 PD patients and 100 matched healthy controls. Social, demographic information, and clinical variables were collected from both groups. Sexual functions were assessed using the Arabic Female Sexual Function Index (ArFSFI), and the Arabic version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).

Results

Women with PD scored worse on FSFI total score compared to controls (p < 0.001). Regarding the FSFI domains, they scored significantly lower in individual domains of desire (p < 0.001), arousal (p < 0.001), lubrication (p = 0.006), orgasm (p < 0.001), satisfaction (p < 0.001), and pain (p = 0.003), compared with controls. Men with PD scored worse on IIEF total scores compared to controls (p < 0.001). They showed significantly worse scores of erectile functions (p < 0.001), orgasmic function (p < 0.001), sexual desire (p < 0.001), intercourse satisfaction (p < 0.001), and overall satisfaction (p < 0.001). Both groups reported significant effect of SD on their QoL. There was a significant correlation between disease severity and SD.

Conclusion

SD is common in PD patients. It negatively impacts their QoL and partnership. Healthcare professionals should initiate conversations about SD with the patients and provide appropriate education and treatment options.
The Impact of Digital and Analog Approaches on a Multidimensional Preschool Science Education
Authors: Otterborn Anna , Sundberg Bodil , Schönborn Konrad
Published: October 2023

Swedish preschool science practice is confined to a unique educational setting where upbringing, care, and education are intertwined. This allows teachers to develop innovative cross-curricular and multidimensional science teaching. At the same time, society demands the digitalization of preschool practice, which has caused concern not only about negative effects on children’s well-being but also the risk of foregrounding digital over analog tools in multidimensional and child-centered preschool practice. The aim of this study is to analyze how preschool teachers at the forefront of digitalization integrate digital and analog tools when teaching science and how this integration affects their practice. The data comprises documentation of digitalized science activities provided by ten preschool teachers and transcribed recall interviews with four of the teachers. Thematic content analysis and a framework for analyzing seven teaching dimensions of preschool science revealed the use of digital and analog tools as drivers for multidimensional science education. The findings show that the teachers primarily use digital tools to reinforce social learning, inclusion, and agency during science activities. Digital and analog tools were used to complement one another in pursuing the boundaries of multidimensional science. However, the content of this innovative and digitalized science teaching remained primarily within biology, the traditional scholarly discipline in preschool science. We conclude that the digitalization of preschool science seems to be used to strengthen and diversify teaching within the boundaries of overarching traditional preschool practice where nature encounters and children’s interests and well-being are at the forefront.
Mass transfer vectors for nitric oxide removal through biological treatments
Authors: Páez David Fernando Cubides , Villalba Xavier Guimerà , Zabalo Nerea Abasolo , Galceran Helena Torrell , Güell Irene Jubany , Noguera Xavier Gamisans
Published: October 2023

The reduction of nitric oxide (NO) emissions to atmosphere has been recently addressed using biological technologies. However, NO removal through bioprocesses is quite challenging due to the low solubility of NO in water. Therefore, the abatement of NO emissions might be improved by adding a chelating agent or a mass transfer vector (MTV) to increase the solubility of this pollutant into the aqueous phase where the bioprocess takes place. This research seeks to assess the performance of different non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPs): n-hexadecane (HEX), diethyl sebacate (DSE), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyl-trisiloxane (HTX), 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HNO), and high temperature silicone oil (SO) in chemical absorption–biological reduction (CABR) integrated systems. The results showed that HNO and HTX had the maximum gas-liquid mass transfer capacity, being 0.32 mol NO/kmol NAP and 0.29 mol NO/kmol NAP, respectively. When an aqueous phase was added to the system, the mass transfer gas–liquid of NO was increased, with HTX reaching a removal efficiency of 82 ± 3% NO with water, and 88 ± 6% with a phosphate buffer solution. All NAPs were tested for short-term toxicity assessment and resulted neither toxic nor inhibitory for the biological activity (denitrification). DSE was found to be biodegradable, which could limit its applicability in biological processes for gas treatment. Finally, in the CABR system tests, it was shown that NO elimination improved in a short time (30 min) when the three mass transfer vectors (HEX, HTX, HNO) were added to enriched denitrifying bacteria.
Effect of Sn Concentration on the Structural and Thermal Properties of SnxSb20Se80−x Glasses
Authors: Khalifa Zaki S. , Mohamed S. H.
Published: October 2023

SnxSb20Se80−x bulk glasses were prepared using the well-known melt quenching technique, where x was taken as 7.5 at.%, 9.5 at.%, 11.5 at.% and 13 at.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) were used to monitor the crystallinity and transition temperatures, respectively. XRD examinations showed that the 7.5 at.% and 9.5 at.% compositions were purely amorphous, while the other two compositions exhibited a crystalline structure. DSC thermograms demonstrated that 7.5 at.% and 9.5 at.% alloys had a single crystallization peak, whereas for the 11.5 at.% and 13 at.% alloys, two exothermic peaks and three peaks appeared. The glass stability and kinetics of amorphization and crystallization were studied using different approaches. The correlation between topological constraints and the dimensionality of the growth was established.
Diabetes Remission After LRYGBP With and Without Fundus Resection: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kehagias Dimitrios , Lampropoulos Charalampos , Georgopoulos Neoklis , Habeos Ioannis , Kalavrizioti Dimitra , Vamvakas Sotirios-Spyridon , Davoulou Panagiota , Kehagias Ioannis
Published: October 2023

Background

Glycemic control, after metabolic surgery, is achieved in two stages, initially with neuroendocrine alterations and in the long-term with sustainable weight loss. The resection of the gastric fundus, as the major site of ghrelin production, is probably related with optimized glucose regulation. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the modification of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) with fundus resection offers superior glycemic control, compared to typical LRYGBP.

Materials and Methods

Participants were 24 patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥40kg/m2 and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who were randomly assigned to undergo LRYGBP and LRYGBP with fundus resection (LRYGBP+FR). Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones [ghrelin, glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide-YY (PYY)] and glycemic parameters (glucose, insulin, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulinogenic index, HOMA-IR) were measured preoperatively, at 6 and 12 months during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Results

Ninety-five percent of patients showed complete remission of T2DM after 12 months. LRYGBP+FR was not related with improved glycemic control, compared to LRYGBP. Ghrelin levels were not significantly reduced at 6 and 12 months after LRYGBP+FR. GLP-1 and PYY levels were remarkably increased postprandially in both groups at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p<0.01). Patients who underwent LRYGBP+FR achieved a significantly lower BMI at 12 months in comparison to LRYGBP (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Fundus resection is not associated with improved glycemic regulation, compared to typical LRYGBP and the significant decrease in BMI after LRYGBP+FR has to be further confirmed with longer follow-up.

Graphical Abstract
Improving Violent Extremism Risk Communication among German Police Agencies: A Survey of Federal and State Threat Managers
Authors: Ritter Lisa , Weber Michael A. , Witt Rainer , Profes Valerie , Singh Jay P. , Endrass Jérôme , Rossegger Astrid
Published: October 2023

The effective communication of the risk of violent extremism using either numerical or semantic systems represents an important challenge for police agencies. The aim of the present study was to examine the perceived usefulness of an 8-category risk communication scheme widely used by German police. An online survey was completed by members of both federal as well as state police threat management teams throughout the country (N = 158). Results suggest that threat managers perceive the use of a common risk communication scheme to be crucial for successful cooperation across different police agencies to prevent acts of violent extremism. However, it was also found that threat managers do not share a mutual understanding of the meaning behind the eight risk categories in the present scheme. The authors review established best practices in the nomothetic and idiographic communication of risk and make constructive recommendations about how to improve the utility of the currently used system. If these recommendations are implemented, they could result in more effective preventative efforts by threat management teams collaborating throughout Germany, with positive implications for public safety and national security.
Stability of Curvature-Dimension Condition for Negative Dimensions Under Concentration Topology
Authors: Oshima Shun
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we prove the stability of metric measure spaces satisfying the curvature-dimension condition for negative dimensions under the concentration topology. This result is an analog of the result by Funano–Shioya with respect to the dimension parameter.
Marine natural product lepadin A as a novel inducer of immunogenic cell death via CD91-dependent pathway
Authors: Carbone Dalila , Gallo Carmela , Nuzzo Genoveffa , Barra Giusi , Dell’Isola Mario , Affuso Mario , Follero Olimpia , Albiani Federica , Sansone Clementina , Manzo Emiliano , d’Ippolito Giuliana , Fontana Angelo
Published: October 2023

Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) represents a mechanism of enhancing T cell-driven response against tumor cells. The process is enabled by release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines by dying cells. Based on molecular studies and clinical marker assessment, ICD can be a new target for cancer chemotherapy hitherto restricted to a few conventional anticancer drugs. In view of the development of small molecules in targeted cancer therapy, we reported the preliminary evidence on the role of the natural product lepadin A (1) as a novel ICD inducer. Here we describe the ICD mechanism of lepadin A (1) by proving the translocation of the protein calreticulin (CRT) to the plasma membrane of human A2058 melanoma cells. CRT exposure is an ICD marker in clinical studies and was associated with the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in A2058 cells with lepadin A (1). After the treatment, the tumour cells acquired the ability to activate dendritic cells (DCs) with cytokine release and costimulatory molecule expression that is consistent with a phenotypic profile committed to priming T lymphocytes via a CD91-dependent mechanism. The effect of lepadin A (1) was dose-dependent and comparable to the response of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (2), a well-established ICD inducer.
Preterm Birth and Developmental Coordination Disorder: What Do We Know and Not Know?
Authors: Du Wenchong , Hua Jing
Published: October 2023

Purpose of Review

Despite increasing research on the association between preterm birth and DCD, some critical questions remain unanswered. This review therefore aims to examine the current state of knowledge and identify areas that require further research.

Recent Findings

Recent findings indicate that preterm birth is associated with a greater risk of DCD, with increasing severity of impairment observed with decreasing gestational age before 40 weeks. Numerous studies have examined risk factors for preterm DCD, but few have investigated the mechanisms separately for preterm and term-born DCD, which makes it challenging to determine if they share similar etiological factors. Evidence suggests that the developmental trajectory between preterm and term-born DCD may differ, but more details is required. Additionally, research has also been limited by inconsistent definitions of preterm populations in terms of the degree of prematurity and the use of gestational age and/or birth weight.

Further research is needed to fully comprehend the association between preterm birth and DCD and to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies.
A modified particle contact model for matching the ratios of uniaxial compressive to tensile strength of brittle rocks
Authors: Wu Yan , Hao Haichun , Gao Mingzhong , Gao Zheng , Gao Yanan
Published: October 2023

The Hertz-Mindlin with bonding (HMB) contact model in the commercial discrete element method (DEM) software EDEM is widely used to simulate and analyze the mechanical behavior of rocks. However, it cannot match the high ratios of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) to tensile strength (TS) observed in brittle rocks like basalt. In this study, a modified HMB contact model was developed by adequately considering the contribution of moment to stress and the influence of normal stress on shear strength. At the same time, a DEM parameters inversion method was proposed to achieve rapid and accurate calibration of various microscopic parameters. The results indicate that the moment-contribution factor and maximum tensile strength in the modified HMB contact model are two key parameters affecting the UCS/TS ratio. Specifically, the moment-contribution factor mainly affects UCS, while also jointly influencing TS together with the maximum tensile strength. The modified HMB contact model successfully achieves the high UCS/TS ratio that aligns with the test value and exhibits significant pressure-dependence. This model proves to be appropriate for accurately simulating the mechanical behavior of brittle rocks.
Zur Entwicklung digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen und Einstellungen von Lehramtsstudierenden im Verlauf des Bachelor of Education
Authors: Johnson Frederick , Schneider Christoph , Müller Lothar
Published: October 2023

In Zeiten des digitalen Wandels im Bildungskontext beleuchtet der vorliegende Beitrag Ausprägungen und längsschnittliche Entwicklungen digitalisierungsbezogener Einstellungen und Kompetenzen (operationalisiert durch Selbsteinschätzungen und Wissenstest) von Lehramtsstudierenden. Die Betrachtung bezieht sich auf den Studiengang des Bachelor of Education an einer deutschen Universität und umfasst drei bzw. vier Messzeitpunkte. Die Kohorten umfassen im Falle des Längsschnitts mit drei Messzeitpunkten 399 Studierende und im Falle des Längsschnitts mit vier Messzeitpunkten 214 Studierende. Entwicklungen werden mit Latent-Change-Modellen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf Handlungsbedarf in der Gestaltung der lehramtsbezogenen Hochschullehre hin: Die Selbsteinschätzungen von technologischer Kompetenz sind in absoluter Betrachtung durchaus hoch ausgeprägt, verändern sich im Zeitverlauf jedoch nicht. Die Ergebnisse des Wissenstests sind im Vergleich zu den Selbsteinschätzungen als ungünstiger einzuschätzen und verändern sich ebenfalls nicht. Unter den Einstellungen steigt die wahrgenommene Nützlichkeit des Lehrens und Lernens mit digitalen Technologien kontinuierlich über den Studienverlauf. Befürchtungen, die dem Lehren und Lernen im digitalen Raum entgegengebracht werden, sinken dagegen simultan. Zusammengenommen vermögen diese Ergebnisse Hinweise auf notwendige Optimierungen und Stärkungen digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen in der Lehrkräftebildung zu geben.
The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
Authors: Manchado E. M. , Suárez M. , García-Romero E.
Published: October 2023

A geological, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of the Tamame de Sayago (Zamora, Spain) deposit was carried out with the aim of knowing the conditions that facilitated the genesis in the same deposit of kaolinite and smectites. The alteration processes affecting a Variscan granite were deduced throughout the study of a very wide group of representative samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements, as well as δ18O, δ34S stable isotope and K/Ar dating analyses. In addition, 2D and 2.5D graphs of the kaolinite and smectite isoconcentrations were obtained from core data. According to the color and texture, two different clayey rock types were identified and named as homogeneous alteration zones (ZAHO) and heterogeneous alteration zones (ZAHE). The ZAHO are regoliths in which the granite texture is preserved, and the feldspars are almost completely kaolinized. In the ZAHE, the original texture of the granitic rock is lost, and the main clay mineral is smectite. The mineralogical composition is similar, with kaolinite, smectite, mica, quartz, scarce feldspar, and occasionally natroalunite and APS (aluminum-phosphate-sulphate); however, the mineral concentration varies considerably because ZAHO are rich in kaolin areas whereas ZAHE are bentonitic areas. Both rock types contain numerous veins and nodules. The weathering of the Paleozoic granite alongside the absence of sedimentation during the Mesozoic led to the formation of kaolinite that is preserved in ZAHO materials. Nonetheless, during the Cretaceous–Tertiary transit, the conditions of tectonic stability varied. Late Variscan faults reactivated which allowed the percolation of Mg- and Ca-rich hydrothermal fluids through the already kaolinized granite, increasing the alteration of the primary silicates and leading to the formation of smectites in ZAHE materials. The amount of smectites is greater closer to the faults. The stable isotopes indicate the meteoric nature of the low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. The K/Ar data obtained from the natroalunite of veins indicate that those hydrothermal fluids circulated in different pulses from 66.4 ± 1.7 to 58.8 ± 1.5 Ma, as a minimum. Those ages are coincident with the first formation stages of the Duero Basin.
A new control scheme for an aerodynamic-surface-free tilt-rotor convertible UAV
Authors: Mimouni M.Z. , Araar O. , Oudda A. , Haddad M.
Published: October 2023

This paper is concerned with the design and control of a tilt-rotor UAV (TRUAV), with the purpose of simplifying the mechanical structure and transition handling. Previous works on TRUAVs control consider a different controller for each flight mode. Furthermore, two sets of actuators are used: propellers in the VTOL mode, and aerodynamic surfaces in the fixed-wing mode. In this work, a new design that does not contain any control surfaces is proposed. A new control strategy is also presented to accommodate this particularity. Unlike previous works, this strategy uses a single controller to handle both flight phases, making the transition between the two phases no longer an issue. Furthermore, such a characteristic makes the drone capable of following any flight trajectory, which is vital for applications such as the tracking of a ground target. Simulations, conducted on the full nonlinear model of the famous Zagi flying wing drone, showed the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in tracking a typical trajectory profile with a smooth transition from VTOL to fixed-wing mode.
The Canon No Longer Applies: How the Fine Arts (N) Range of the Library of Congress Classification System Perpetuates Bias by Privileging Fine Art Over Craft
Authors: Hilles Stefanie
Published: October 2023

Neutrality is one of the founding principles of library classification; however, systems reflect the biases of the societies that created them. Many articles have been written on bias in the Library of Congress Classification System (LCC) and its subject headings (LCSH). But how is bias evident in the Fine Arts (N) range?

One answer to this question lays in the writings of Hope A. Olson who argues that systems like LCC are inherently prejudiced because of their use of universality, which results in hierarchical relationships and Derridean binaries. This is problematic because library classification, according to Olson, functions as a third-space, a place where meaning is created.

Reading the Fine Arts range through Olson's work reveals a system that perpetuates bias by reconstructing the western canon of art history through its privileging of fine art over craft. While each of the fine arts are given their own subclasses, craft mediums are located under one subclass, Decorative Arts (NK), giving them a lesser than status. Artists and art historians have argued that the valuing of fine art over craft in the western canon, something clearly seen in LCC, is a consequence of patriarchal and colonialist power systems.
A review of the DTS: Diathermic Syncope® system with a discussion regarding its use for kosher slaughter (shechita)
Authors: Zivotofsky Ari Z
Published: October 2023

Over the last several decades an alternative to current methods of stunning cattle has been developed. This system, DTS: Diathermic Syncope®, has been suggested to the Jewish and Muslim communities as a means to achieve pre-cut stunning in conformity with both religious and EU regulations without a need to resort to a derogation that permits an exemption from the EU requirement to pre-stun all animals undergoing slaughter. The developer’s contention is that the system induces fainting, and thus should be acceptable to all groups, including the kosher (Jewish) and Halal (Muslim) consumer. A review of the system based on publications and reports from the developer itself suggests that in reality the system selectively heats the brain, leading to an epileptic-type seizure with tonic-clonic phases and unconsciousness lasting several minutes. It does not induce a (benign) faint, and use of the system might cause structural brain damage. Thus, this system is unlikely to be acceptable under Jewish religious law and its animal welfare value can be questioned.
Knowledge upgrade in the Chinese apparel industry, 1980–2020
Authors: Zhang Juxuan , Donzé Pierre-Yves
Published: October 2023

This article investigates how Chinese apparel companies have been able to acquire and upgrade knowledge over the last four decades. Based on a broad range of published sources and official data, it identifies the dominant firms that enabled the industry’s dramatic expansion during two distinct phases: export oriented in 1980–2005 and domestic market oriented in 2005–2020. Using the global value chains model, we analyze the varieties of knowledge needed during these two periods and how firms acquired it to boost their competitiveness.
Factors associated with loss to follow-up in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kaul Christina M. , Haller Matthew , Yang Jenny , Solomon Sadie , Khan Maria R. , Pitts Robert A. , Phillips Michael S.
Published: October 2023

We assessed factors associated with increased risk to loss of follow-up with infectious diseases staff in OPAT patients. Discharge to subacute healthcare facilities is strongly associated with loss to follow-up. We did not identify sociodemographic disparities. Poor communication between OPAT providers and subacute healthcare facilities remains a serious issue.
A foot out the door: what drives bureaucratic exit into lobbying careers?
Authors: Bolton Alexander , McCrain Joshua
Published: October 2023

The revolving door is a potential mechanism of private influence over policy. Recent work primarily examines the revolving of legislators and their staff, with little focus on the federal bureaucracy. To analyze decisions to turnover into lobbying, we develop an argument emphasizing the (1) policy expertise acquired from federal employment; (2) the proximity of employees to political decision-making; and (3) the agency policymaking environment. Leveraging federal personnel and lobbying data, we find the first two factors predict revolving whereas the policymaking environment has an inconsistent impact. We highlight the importance of studying selection into lobbying for estimating casual effects of lobbyist characteristics on revenue and contribute to the literature on bureaucratic careers and the nature of private influence in policymaking.
RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS VIA DIRECT CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION
Authors: Finstad Kari M , Nuccio Erin E , Grant Katherine E , Broek Taylor A B , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , McFarlane Karis J
Published: October 2023

Microbial processing of soil organic matter is a significant driver of C cycling, yet we lack an understanding of what shapes the turnover of this large terrestrial pool. In part, this is due to limited options for accurately identifying the source of C assimilated by microbial communities. Laboratory incubations are the most common method for this; however, they can introduce artifacts due to sample disruption and processing and can take months to produce sufficient CO2 for analysis. We present a biomass extraction method which allows for the direct 14C analysis of microbial biomolecules and compare the results to laboratory incubations. In the upper 50 cm soil depths, the Δ14C from incubations was indistinguishable from that of extracted microbial biomass. Below 50 cm, the Δ14C of the biomass was more depleted than that of the incubations, either due to the stimulation of labile C decomposition in the incubations, the inclusion of biomolecules from non-living cells in the biomass extractions, or differences in C used for assimilation versus respiration. Our results suggest that measurement of Δ14C of microbial biomass extracts can be a useful alternative to soil incubations.