bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of information needs in intellectual capital: exploratory study on the Tunisian financial market
Authors: Ferchichi Jihene , Paturel Robert
Published: May 2016

In an economy concretized by the broadening notion of the intellectual capital and its increasing role in investment decisions, it seems appropriate to conceive the intellectual capital by measuring its perception by 22 Tunisian financial professionals. Therefore, the aim of this work consists, firstly, to enable a better understanding of the intellectual capital of the Tunisian financial market. Secondly, by adopting the Delphi method, we determined the information needs and expectations' consensus in terms of intellectual capital. The results from this research show that the concept of intellectual capital appears well known by the financial actors Tunisians. Besides this research, revealed new aspects of intellectual capital. The Tunisian investors consider these dimensions as important criteria that support making their investment decision.Delphi Method; Financial Markets; Informational Needs; Intellectual Capital; Perception.
Risk factors associated with wasting among children aged 6 to 24 months old in Gaza strip
Authors: Yassin Maged , Taha Mohanad , Abu Jamiea Samar
Published: May 2016

Wasting contributes to morbidity and mortality for children under 5 years of age particularly in the developing countries. This study identified the various risk factors associated with wasting among children aged 6 to 24 months old in Gaza Strip. The study sample consisted of 98 wasted children and 98 control children. A questionnaire interview was used. The World Health Organization Anthro software for assessing nutritional status of the world's children was applied. Data were computer analyzed using SPSS/PC statistical package version 21. Anthropometric data showed that birth weight was significantly lower in cases than controls (2.9Â±0.8 versus 3.1Â±0.6 kg, P=0.030). Weight and height were also significantly decreased in cases (P=0.000). Wasting was significantly higher among children of less educated mothers (Ï‡2=8.110, P=0.044) and among children of less family income (OR=4.1, P=0.000). Children not received nutritional help or donation had more frequent wasting than those did (P=0.004). Wasting was significantly higher among non-exclusively breastfed children (OR=2.1, P=0.010) and among children who breastfed â‰¤12 months (P=0.021). Early introduction of complementary food increased wasting by 2.8 times (OR=2.8, P=0.001). Children with poor appetite had highest frequency of wasting (Ï‡2=6.139, P=0.046). Wasting was significantly higher in respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infected children [OR=2.9, P=0.000 and OR=3.1, P=0.000, respectively). In conclusion, less income, not receive nutritional help or donation, non-exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration of â‰¤12 months, early start of complementary food and respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are the predicted risk factors of wasting among children in Gaza Strip.
Validity and reliability study of Positive Experiences at School Scale
Okulda Pozitif Yaşantılar Ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması
Authors: Telef Bülent Baki
Published: May 2016

The aim of this research is to adapt the Positive Experiences at School Scale for the Turkish culture. The study group was composed of 635 students studying in a primary school and four secondary schools in the academic year of 2013-2014 in Çanakkale. 327 of the students (52%) were female, 308 of them (48%) were male. In the research, the Positive Experiences at School Scale, the Comprehensive School Satisfaction Scale for Children and the Positive and Negative Experiences Scale were used for data collection. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, the variance explained by four subscales was 60%. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, fit indices related to the model were observed to be in acceptable level. The results of a convergent validity study showed that positive experiences at school were positively associated with school satisfaction and positive experiences, and were negatively associated with negative experiences. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated as follows: .70 for gratitude, .80 for zest, .63 for optimism, .73 for perseverance and .86 for the overall scale. Results showed that the scale was a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive school experience in Turkish culture.  ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, Okulda Pozitif Yaşantılar Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Çanakkale ilinde 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir ilkokul ve dört ortaokulda öğrenim gören 635 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrencilerin 327’si (%52) kız, 308’i (%48) erkektir. Araştırmada veri toplamak için Okulda Pozitif Yaşantılar Ölçeği, Çocuklar İçin Kapsamlı Okul Doyumu Ölçeği ve Olumlu ve Olumsuz Yaşantı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda dört alt boyutun açıklamış olduğu varyans %60'tır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda modele ilişkin uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Uyum geçerliği çalışması sonuçları okulda pozitif yaşantıların okul doyumu ve pozitif yaşantılar ile olumlu; negatif yaşantılar ile olumsuz ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı minnettarlık için .70, yaşam coşkusu için .80, iyimserlik için .63, sebat için .73 ve ölçeğin geneli için .86 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular ölçeğin Türk kültüründe pozitif okul yaşantılarını değerlendirmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.
From Mother to Daughter: Does Equal Inheritance Property Laws Reform Improve Female Labor Supply and Educational Attainments in India?
Authors: Sapkal Rahul Suresh
Published: May 2016

In 2005, India witnessed a constitutional amendment to the Hindu Succession Act of 1956. It gave daughters equal inheritance rights as sons. However, five states in India had earlier amended the same Act in favor of daughters. Using this exogenous variation created by legislation of inheritance property rights, we exploit a difference-in-difference estimation strategy to estimate the impact of reform on female education, labor force participation and daughters’ educational attainment. The study finds that women who were exposed to the reform experience have greater average schooling years, and average months of employment. It is interesting to note that this positive effect is also observed for their daughters’ educational attainments. These finding are explained by improvement in their bargaining power in the household that further improves women’s autonomy in decision making. Results obtained from this study are consistent with the non-cooperative household bargaining models that which treats changes in inheritance laws as a positive shock to distribution factors which impact the intra-household bargaining. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications.
Regeneration of knee joint menisci – methods review
Authors: Pukaluk Anna , Ryniewicz Anna M.
Published: May 2016

At present, there is no need to convince anyone that menisci are crucial structures dealing with a huge number of responsibilities, and its absence in a knee joint results in irretrievable chondral damage. A lot of methods have been recently developed to treat meniscal tears: physical therapy as a first and, for some cases, a last step, bonding by biodegradable sutures, screws, or arrows, collagen and polyurethane scaffolds designed for partial meniscus replacement, and finally allograft transplantation. However, all of them have numerous limitations and can be used in specific conditions only. That is the reason why partial and total meniscectomy is up to this time a common operation in the case of degenerative or complex meniscus tears despite its well-known degenerative consequences. Trials to overcome those limitations are ongoing, and the challenge to invent a long-term successful regeneration method or to design a substitute that well mimics an anatomical meniscus is still in front of us.
Boron Nutrition Under Intermittent Flooding and Drying Condition Seems Sustainable Nutrient Management Technique in Rice
Authors: Sarwar N. , Ali H. , Irfan M. , Akhter M.T. , Ali M.T.
Published: May 2016

Water saving rice cultivation is emerging technique to couple with irrigation water shortage due to climate change all over the world. Major issue in these techniques is to compromise yield and quality fatalities because of higher unfilled grain due to nutrients deficiency. Boron fertilization seems to be big management technique to improve rice agriculture due to having imperative role in pollen viability. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to see the impact of boron fertilization both with basal and foliar application methods in water saving rice cultivation systems. Boron, with basal (3 kg borax/acre) and foliar (2% boron) was applied at different growth stages in rice crop grown under various rice cultivation systems; flooded rice, intermittent flooding and drying and aerobic rice. Boron fertilization both with basal and foliar application technique resulted in improved crop performance in all cultivation systems. Rice plants recorded highest yield, yield attributing parameters like productive tillers, panicle length and grain weight with boron fertilization. Quality parameters like sterile kernels, abortive kernels, opaque kernels were significantly reduced with boron fertilization in all rice cultivation systems. Furthermore, normal kernels were enhanced with basal and foliar application of boron nutrition. Likewise, maximum water use efficiency was recorded in foliar application of boron at panicle stage under intermittent flooding and drying condition. Foliar application of boron nutrition at panicle initiation stage was found to be most appropriate in water saving rice cultivation systems.
Evaluation of Innovative Cotton Genotypes Against Insect Pest Prevalence, Fiber Trait, Economic Yield and Virus Incidence in Pakistan
Authors: Karar H. , Shahid M. , Ahamad S.
Published: May 2016

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is known as important commodity globally. The experiment was conducted at Cotton Research Station, Multan, Punjab-Pakistan, to evaluate resistance of nine innovative cotton cultivars against insect pest complex were used along with their fiber traits, economic yield and virus incidence. Population of jassid, whitefly and thrips was recorded by using leaf turn method, bollworms by counting whole fruiting parts (buds, flowers and bolls), virus by counting healthy and virus effected plants per plot, yield of seed cotton was determined by hand harvesting method, while qualitative fiber properties were measured through HVI spectrum-1 (high volume instrumentation) method. Cotton genotype NIAB-Bt-2 is resistant to jassid, whitefly and thrips with maximum GOT, staple length. In case of bollworms, all genotypes are resistant to spotted and american bollworm, except FH-142 and MNH-988. No genotype is resistant to pink bollworm in leftover bolls. Best yield performance was recorded on FH-142 (2041.54 kg/ha) with minimum CLCuV incidence. Further our research should recognize the share of one pest species on the yield and fiber quality of cotton by managing other pest species to define better management strategies. Our studies concluded that the genotype NIAB-Bt-2 has less insect attack i.e., sucking pest as well as bollworms, virus and other fiber characteristics like GOT, staple length as compared with other cotton genotypes should be recommended for general cultivation and being a resistant germplasm it should be included in breeding program for the development of new cotton strains.
Effects of Sowing Date on Some Agronomic Characteristics and Alkaloid Content of Datura Stramonium in Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Kizil S. , Tonçer Ö.
Published: May 2016

Alkaloids of diferent plant, including many Solanaceae species, constitute important natural sources for variety of pharmaceutical products. The amounts of various secondary plant products are strongly dependent on the growing conditions and agronomical applications such as planting date, fertilization, irrigation etc. The aim of this was to study the effects of sowing date on some agronomic characteristics and total alkaloid content of thorn apple (Datura stramonium), investigated in the environmental conditions from Dicle University, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Department experimental area, during 2010 and 2011 growing years. In the research, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, number of capsule per plant, capsule width, capsule length, 1000-seed weight, fresh herb yield, herba yield, seed yield and total alkaloid content were examined. At the end of the study, in the trial of thorn apple with sowing dates, according to two years mean, seed yield, fresh herb yield, dry herb yield and total alkaloid yield were changed between 335 kg ha−1 and 704 kg ha−1, 5933 and 20537 kg ha−1, 1613 kg ha−1 and 4800 kg ha−1, and 0.270% and 0.391%, respectively. The effect of sowing date was found significant on the investigated characteristics, when sowing delayed, agronomic characteristics were also decreased. The highest values related with seed yield, fresh and dry herbage of thorn apple were obtained sowing of 01 Apr. Moreover, thorn apple plant showed morphogenetic variation when compared leaf and seed alkaloid contents.
Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth, Nitrogen Fixation and Nutrient Uptake in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under Salt Stress
Authors: Moradi A.
Published: May 2016

Most legumes in natural conditions form a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM fungi in saline soils have been reported to improve salinity tolerance and growth in plants. In the present study, interaction between mycorrhizal fungus,Glomus mosseae, and salinity stress in relation to plant growth, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient accumulation was evaluated in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Two alfalfa cultivars (Bami and Yazdi) were compared under different levels of salinity with and without mycorrhizal inoculations. Salt stress resulted in a noticeable decline in shoot and root dry matter accumulation, resulting in a decline in the shoot to root ratio (SRR) in all plants. However, Bami was found to be more tolerant to salinity than Yazdi. Inoculated plants exhibited better growth and biomass accumulation under stressed as well as unstressed conditions. Mycorrhizal colonization (MC) was reduced with increasing salinity levels, but the mycorrhizal dependency (MD) increased, which was more evident in Yazdi. Nodulation was completely inhibited under salt stress conditions for both non - AM inoculated alfalfa varieties. Nodulation only occurred in inoculated plants. Nitrogenase activity was reduced with increasing salt concentrations. AM inoculated plants had considerably higher nodule numbers, dry weights, and nitrogenase activity under nonsaline environments. Bami had a comparatively lower Na+concentration and higher K+and Ca2+concentrations than Yazdi. Although nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents declined with increasing salinity, Bami had higher levels of N and P, as compared with Yazdi. Plants inoculated withGlomus mosseaehad better plant growth and nitrogen fixation under salt stress.
Effects of Salicylic Acid Elicitor and Potassium Fertilizer as Foliar Spray on Canola Production in the Reclaimed Land in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Kamel S.M. , Mahfouz H.M. , Blal H.A. , Said M. , Mahmoud M.F.
Published: May 2016

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during 2013/’14 and 2014/’15 seasons, to determine the effects of salicylic acid elicitor (SA) and potassium fertilizer (K) as foliar spray on canola production in the reclaimed land. Canola plants were sprayed with three rates of K and SA separately and together. The concentrations of SA with a surfactant triton 0.1% and concentrations of K sprayed after 30 days of sowing by one week interval for three times using hydraulic sprayer. Results indicated that K and SA provided good nutrition and resistance for pathogens, enhanced plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, fruiting zone (cm), seed yield/plant (g), seed yield/fed and oil percentage of canola cultivar (Serw 4) in the reclaimed land. K and SA separately or in combination at the rate of (6.0 cm−1 + 300 mg−1 SA) provided the best nutrition for enhancing resistance of plants against biotic and a biotic factors, consequently, enhancing vegetative growth and yield production during seasons of study 2013/’14 and 2014/’15.
Biocontrol of Tomato Fusarium wilt by Trichoderma Species under in vitro and in vivo Conditions
Authors: Barari H.
Published: May 2016

Trichodermaspp. have long been used as biological control agents against plant fungal diseases, but the mechanisms by which the fungi confer protection are not well understood. Our goal in this study was to isolate species ofTrichoderma, that exhibit high levels of biocontrol efficacy from natural environments and to investigate the mechanisms by which these strains confer plant protection. In this study, efficacy of the native isolates ofTrichodermaspecies to promote the growth and yield parameters of tomato and to manageFusariumwilt disease underin vitroandin vivoconditions were investigated. The dominant pathogen, which causesFusariumwilt of tomato, was isolated and identified asFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici(FOL). Twenty eight nativeTrichodermaantagonists were isolated from healthy tomato rhizosphere soil in different geographical regions of Mazandaran province, Iran. Underin vitroconditions, the results revealed thatTrichoderma harzianum, isolate N-8, was found to inhibit effectively the radial mycelial growth of the pathogen (by 68.22%). Under greenhouse conditions, the application ofT. harzianum(N-8) exhibited the least disease incidence (by 14.75%). Also, tomato plants treated withT. harzianum(N-8) isolate showed a significant stimulatory effect on plant height (by 70.13 cm) and the dry weight (by 265.42 g) of tomato plants, in comparison to untreated control (54.6 cm and 195.5 g). Therefore, the antagonistT. harzianum(N-8) is chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent forF. oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici. On the base of present study, the biocontrol agents of plant diseases might be exploited for sustainable disease management programs to save environmental risk.
The Effect of Intravenous Butaphosphan, B12 and C Vitamins on Metritis, Mastitis Prevalence and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle
Authors: Borş S.I. , Creangă Şt. , Dascălu D.L. , Ariton A.M. , Borş A.
Published: May 2016

Three groups of Holstein Friesian cows were used to test the effect of two intravenous solutions on metritis, mastitis prevalence and reproductive performance. The first solution containing 3000 mg Butaphosphan (100 mg/ml) and 1.5 mg B12 Vitamin (0.05 mg/ml) was administered to BB12 group in the first 3 days after parturition and the second solution containing 3000 mg Butaphosphan (100 mg/ml), 1.5 mg B12 Vitamin (0.05 mg/ml) and 7 g of C vitamin (0.1 g/ml) was administered to BB12C group in the same period. The control group (C) didn’t receive any intravenous solution. The Tukey-Krammer multiple comparison tests were used to compare the results. The prevalence of clinical metritis, puerperal metritis and clinical mastitis was lower in the BB12C group (p< 0.05), compared to BB12 and C groups. Regarding the prevalence of metritis and mastitis no differences was observed in the BB12 group, compared with the C group (p>0.05). However, no difference was observed in the prevalence of the clinical endometritis (p>0.05) for the all three groups of cows. Also, the BB12C group registered the best calving to first insemination interval and calving to conception interval (p< 0.05). In conclusion, the intravenous cocktail containing Butaphosphan, B12 and C Vitamin can reduce the prevalence of some uterus and udder infection in the first 7 days after parturition in dairy cows.
RFID within High-Tech Clusters – Towards a Knowledge-Based Economy
Authors: Bembenek Boguslaw
Published: May 2016

- The concept of knowledge-based economy (KBE) in this article constitutes the basis for the undertaken considerations regarding the implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in the development process of high-tech clusters. It has been indicated in the article that this type of economy is characterised by quick development, particularly, of these disciplines which are related to information processing and science development, mainly the high-tech industry, including the technologies and services of an information society. It has been emphasised that in these market conditions the key sources of competitive advantage of business entities comprise, inter alia, the efficiency of knowledge management as well as various knowledge-intensive undertakings, which create newer and newer value for key stakeholders. The main subject of this paper is to analyse the development and application of RFID within the high-tech cluster. Firstly, the paper aims to present a literature review on the strategic importance of RFID technology for firms located in high-tech clusters through tracing a broad range of literature. Secondly, it constitutes an attempt to characterise the factors determining the decision to implement this

technology, by focusing on the research results.
Human Resource Selection Approaches and Socially Responsible Strategy
Authors: Stariņeca Olga
Published: May 2016

The research focuses on the characterisation of theoretical aspects of human resource (HR) selection approaches and the analysis of these approaches within a socially responsible strategy and in the context of business sustainability creation. The main methods implemented are monographic research, scientific literature analysis, synthesis, and comparison. As a result, the HR selection concept development and application summary was created as well as the importance of HR selection within a socially responsible strategy was characterised.
Where do we go from here? Method and pedagogy in language teaching
Authors: Ur Penny
Published: May 2016

Language-teaching methods such as audio-lingualism or task-based instruction have been promoted at different times as the ‘best’ way to teach a foreign language. Each such method prescribes a set of learning procedures rooted in a particular theoretical conceptualization of the nature of language and language acquisition, based on linguistic and applied linguistics research. It is suggested in this article that the principles guiding teachers in selecting procedures should not be dictated by any particular method recommended by researchers or theoreticians, but should be rather defined as a pedagogy of language teaching, shaped by various general pedagogical – not only language-learning – considerations, as well as by local factors, and determined by the teacher her- or himself.
Operations on Risk Variables
Authors: Khemissi Eliza Anna
Published: May 2016

In the article the author considers and analyzes operations and functions on risk variables. She takes into account the following variables: the sum of risk variables, its product, multiplication by a constant, division, maximum, minimum and median of a sum of random variables. She receives the formulas for probability distribution and basic distribution parameters. She conducts the analysis for dependent and independent random variables. She proposes the examples of the situations in the economy and production management of risk modelled by these operations. The analysis is conducted with the way of mathematical proving. Some of the formulas presented are taken from the literature but others are the permanent results of the author.
Poland’s Trade with East Asia: An Outlier Approach
Authors: Tseng Shoiw-Mei
Published: May 2016

Poland achieved an excellent reputation for economic transformation during the recent global recession. The European debt crisis, however, quickly forced the reorientation of Poland’s trade outside of the European Union (EU), especially toward the dynamic region of East Asia. This study analyzes time series data from 1999 to 2013 to detect outliers in order to determine the bilateral trade paths between Poland and each East Asian country during the events of Poland’s accession to the EU in 2004, the global financial crisis from 2008 to 2009, and the European debt crisis from 2010 to 2013. From the Polish standpoint, the results showed significantly clustering outliers in the above periods and in the general trade paths from dependence through distancing and improvement to the chance of approaching East Asian partners. This study also shows that not only China but also several other countries present an excellent opportunity for boosting bilateral trade, especially with regard to Poland’s exports.
Dynamics of Producing Renewable Energy in Poland and EU-28 Countries within the Period of 2004–2012
Authors: Kukuła Karol
Published: May 2016

The paper presents the estimation of trends describing the level of renewable energy resources in Poland and in EU-28 countries within the years 2004–2012. The process of the increase of the percentage of renewable energy in total production of energy was also presented. Comparative statistical analysis was carried out within the dynamics of the phenomena discussed in the paper with respect both to Poland and EU countries. It follows from the investigation that both in Poland and in the EU countries the increase in renewable energy resources has been observed. However, the rate of the increase of the level of renewable energy in Poland is not enough to catch up with the leading EU countries in near future.
On descent and the generic packet conjecture
Authors: Varma Sandeep
Published: May 2016

Suppose F is a p-adic field, and

H
1

${\mathrm{H}_{1}}$

is (a
z-extension of) a group that is twisted endoscopic
to a connected reductive quasi-split group G over F.
Suppose G satisfies the strong form of the generic packet
conjecture (also called tempered packet conjecture in literature).
Under certain assumptions, we show that the
twisted endoscopic character identities associated to this
situation imply the strong form of the generic packet
conjecture for

H
1

${\mathrm{H}_{1}}$

. This generalizes a result of T. Konno,
and lets us deduce, under the assumption that
appropriate character identities are satisfied, the generic
packet conjecture for general spin (GSpin) groups.
A new and facile method for the functionalization of a Merrifield resin with terpyridines: application as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of biaryls in environmentally friendly solvents
Authors: Husson Jérôme , Guyard Laurent
Published: May 2016

A classical Merrifield resin was modified with pendant terpyridine heterocycles in order to develop a new material for heterogeneous catalysis. The protocol relies on the reaction of a pyrrolyl anion with chloromethyl groups present on the resin. The modified polymer was then reacted with a Pd salt to afford a catalyst that was tested in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction in environmentally friendly solvents.
Bone marrow adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: close to the bone?
Authors: Sulston Richard J. , Cawthorn William P.
Published: May 2016

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major endocrine organ, secreting a diverse range of hormones, lipid species, cytokines and other factors to exert diverse local and systemic effects. These secreted products, known as ‘adipokines’, contribute extensively to WAT’s impact on physiology and disease. Adipocytes also exist in the bone marrow (BM), but unlike WAT, study of this bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been relatively limited. We recently discovered that MAT contributes to circulating adiponectin, an adipokine that mediates cardiometabolic benefits. Moreover, we found that MAT expansion exerts systemic effects. Together, these observations identify MAT as an endocrine organ. Additional studies are revealing further secretory functions of MAT, including production of other adipokines, cytokines and lipids that exert local effects within bone. These observations suggest that, like WAT, MAT has secretory functions with diverse potential effects, both locally and systemically. A major limitation is that these findings are often based on in vitro approaches that may not faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and functions of BM adipocytes in vivo. This underscores the need to develop improved methods for in vivo analysis of MAT function, including more robust transgenic models for MAT targeting, and continued development of techniques for non-invasive analysis of MAT quantity and quality in humans. Although many aspects of MAT formation and function remain poorly understood, MAT is now attracting increasing research focus; hence, there is much promise for further advances in our understanding of MAT as an endocrine organ, and how MAT impacts human health and disease.
Von der dynastisch-katholischen Weltmacht zum spanischen Staat. Zur Diskussion eines liberalen Staatsbildungsprozesses zwischen Absolutismus und Massengesellschaft
Authors: Millán Jesús
Published: May 2016

In der heutigen Diskussion wird nach einer Analyse der Entstehungsprozesse der Nationalstaaten gefragt, die nicht von den einseitigen Schemata einer Modernisierungstheorie bestimmt wird, die einen ,,Normalweg“ vorzeichnet und Abweichungen davon als ,,Sonderwege“ ausweist. Um die Entstehung von Nationen und Nationalstaaten, die sich nirgendwo geradlinig vollzog, angemessener zu verstehen, dürfte der Fall Spanien auch methodologisch von Interesse sein. Vor der ,,Sattelzeit“ bildete die alte spanische Weltmacht eine bedeutende Säule der Weltordnung, deren europäisches Erbe als ,,Vakuum“ oder ,,fehlgeschlagener Staat“ verstanden worden ist. Dieser Aufsatz versucht die üblichen Gegensätze wie Imperien versus Nationalstaaten oder traditionelle Ordnungsvorstellungen versus moderne Politik zu überwinden, um die Herausbildung des Nationalstaates im ehemaligen Hauptland Spanien im Rahmen der gesamteuropäischen Entwicklung zu diskutieren und in neuer Weise zu bewerten.
Spectral Measures of Loudness in Patients with Ataxic Dysarthriag
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, V. P Vandana
Published: May 2016

Dysarthria refers to a group of speech disorders characterized by neuromuscular involvement. This may affect different subsystems of speech like respiration, phonation, articulation and prosody differentially. Ataxic dysarthria is caused due to damage to the cerebellum. Excessive fluctuation in loudness or monoloudness typically characterizes ataxic dysarthria. These characteristics may be different in ataxic dysarthria due to lesions in different cerebellar loci. There is a need to address the spectral measures related to loudness in patients with lesions in different cerebellar loci.Seventeen subjects with ataxic dysarthria due to lesions in different cerebellar loci and matched controls performed an alternating motion rate (AMR) task. The recorded and digitized speech samples were analysed for spectral measures of maximum and minimum intensity. Intensity range was reduced in subjects with left (left superior paravermal, left anteroinferior), superior vermis, right superior paravermal and right anterosuperior lesions compared to normal controls in AMR task. It was comparable to normal controls in subjects with right posterosuperior lesions. Reduced intensity range seems to be because of increase in energy minima and decrease in energy maxima or due to decrease in energy maxima only.
Medición y manipulación de normas sociales en juegos experimentales de corrupción
Authors: Belaus Anabel , Reyna Cecilia , Freidin Esteban
Published: May 2016

Los estudios experimentales de sobornos investigan los factores que modulan los comportamientos vinculados a estas situaciones de corrupción. Para que capten conductas análogas a la realidad, es necesario que representen de manera apropiada las normas sociales que se ven transgredidas cuando hay corrupción. En esta revisión presentamos críticamente tres técnicas para medir o generar normas sociales en experimentos económicos: el efecto de marco, la estimación de normas mediante un juego de coordinación y el castigo de terceros. Discutimos cómo la complementariedad y el mejoramiento de estas técnicas pueden contribuir a la validez externa de los estudios experimentales de corrupción.
Integración de los Mercados Accionarios de Chile, Colombia y Perú en el Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA)
Authors: Sandoval Alamos Eduardo , Vásquez-Parraga Arturo Z. , Sabat Arriagada Rocío
Published: May 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar y comparar el grado de integración de los mercados accionarios de Chile, Colombia y Perú, antes y después de la implementación del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA). Para este fin se utiliza una versión condicional del CAPM internacional que asume PRSM (precios por riesgo sistemático mundial) constantes versus dos especificaciones alternativas. La primera especificación extiende el modelo base al incorporar variables de segmentación junto al riesgo específico de cada mercado. La segunda extiende la anterior incluyendo los factores documentados por Fama y French (1992). Los resultados señalan que, bajo cualquier especificación utilizada, la estimación del PRSM no presenta diferencias que sean estadísticamente significativas entre los periodos analizados en el estudio. Por otra parte, como anomalía al CAPM internacional se identificó un efecto tamaño significativo en Colombia (y Estados Unidos) antes del MILA, el cual desaparece después de su implementación. Finalmente resultados complementarios indican que, luego de la implementación del MILA, los mercados accionarios relativamente más beneficiados son los de Colombia y Perú, debido a la disminución significativa en su riesgo sistemático, mientras que en Chile no se detectó diferencia alguna ni en el precio ni en la cantidad de riesgo sistemático al comparar los periodos estudiados. Como conclusión se proyecta que un incremento de los participantes y de los volúmenes transados en el MILA incrementarían los beneficios en la región traduciéndose en una caída más efectiva en el PRSM y en el riesgo sistemático de los mercados accionarios participantes.
La presencia de la mujer en el directorio y su relación con el desempeño financiero de la empresa
Authors: Tresierra Tanaka Álvaro Edmundo , Flores Parodi Carolina Milagros , Samamé Monje Ximena Alejandra
Published: May 2016

La importancia de la composición del directorio de una empresa es un tema que ha recibido especial atención en los últimos años. Estudios sobre el efecto que tiene la presencia de directores independientes, directores de diversas etnias y directores de distinto género buscan determinar si un directorio diverso tendrá distintos enfoques y opiniones que enriquecerán el proceso de toma de decisiones y mejorará la marcha de la empresa. En el caso particular de la presencia de la mujer, existen estudios previos para economías desarrolladas; sin embargo, no existen investigaciones para países como Perú, caracterizados por un dominio de la figura masculina en el ámbito empresarial.
Capital intelectual y ventajas competitivas en pymes basadas en recursos naturales de Latinoamérica
Authors: Fernández-Jardón Carlos María , Martos María Susana
Published: May 2016

El enfoque de capital intelectual sugiere que este es fuente de ventajas competitivas. Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) basadas en recursos naturales son una importante fuente de crecimiento en las economías latinoamericanas; sin embargo, presentan limitaciones de capital intelectual, lo que puede afectar su competitividad. Este trabajo analiza el proceso de generación de ventajas competitivas en estas pymes y, de modo especial, cuál es el efecto de los diferentes componentes de capital intelectual sobre el desempeño empresarial. El modelo teórico se estudia para el caso de pymes madereras de Oberá (Argentina). Los resultados sugieren que las pymes basadas en recursos naturales utilizan el capital intelectual junto con otros recursos para generar capacidades organizativas que, unidas al territorio, afectan a sus factores estratégicos, lo que les permite obtener mejores resultados. Dentro de ese modelo, se determinan elementos del capital humano (la actitud, la formación y las capacidades del personal), del capital estructural (la cultura la tecnología y la organización interna de la empresa) y del capital relacional (las relaciones con clientes y proveedores, la cooperación y la imagen de la empresa). Estos elementos mejoran las capacidades organizativas que son fuente de ventaja competitiva.
Eikɨ jɨkanote: preguntar por el canto-adivinanza
Authors: Areiza Serna Laura Tattiana
Published: May 2016

En este texto se presentan cinco eikɨ (cantos-adivinanzas) derivados de mi investigación sobre ikɨ rafue (ceremonia del juego de pelota) del pueblo múrui-muina (uitoto), un “canasto” (ritual) que fue sellado y no se realiza desde los años setenta. Con al ánimo de construir una memoria colectiva sobre este ritual, grabamos, transcribimos y traducimos estos ikɨ, los cuales están acompañados de una interpretación poética producto del aprendizaje y la interacción que he tenido con esta tradición poética. El juego de pelota hace parte de la carrera ceremonial de yuaɨ (frutas) y, por ende, el aprendizaje y la pedagogía de los eikɨ hacen parte de su estructura. Los archivos de audio se pueden escuchar en Archivos complementarios.
Definition of homogeneous fertility areas through factorial and geostatistical analysis
Authors: Jaramillo Jaramillo Daniel Francisco
Published: May 2016

In a flat lot of 4 ha, with dry warm climate and Mollisols were determined the bulk density, pH and content of sand, silt, clay, organic matter, Ca, Mg, K and P, in the first 150mm of soil, doing a sampling in a semi-regular grid with cell size of 25 x 25m.A factorial analysis was reduced the number of variables to two (factors). The contents of clay, Ca and Mg shaped the first factor, and the second the pH and the contents of organic matter and phosphorus. To each factor and their variables was made an analysis of semivariance and the respective map of its spatial distribution using interpolation with block kriging.In the map of factor 1 homogeneous areas were better defined, and there was a greater spatial correlation between this map and those of their variables. The factor 2 variables presented a spatial structure in patches that not corresponded with the factor structure, making its zoning produced not adequate to establish a possible programme of fertility management with techniques of precision agriculture. The zoning which gives the factor 1 should be used for this purpose.
Structural analysis of the Zipaquira Anticline (Eastern Cordillera, Colombia)
Authors: Garcia Helbert , Jimenez Giovanny
Published: May 2016

We report geological mapping, recollection of kinematic data, fracture data and transverse sections along the Zipaquira Anticline (ZA) used to recognize the deformation mechanisms involved in the kinematic evolution of the ZA. The Zipaquira Anticline (ZA) is an assimetrical fold with variation in the strike of fold axis and affected by some transverse faults (Transverse Zones) along its extension. The main fracture set in the ZA was formed in a pre-folding stage (J1), controlling the formation and propagation of sin-folding fractures (J2). Another fracture set (J3) was only recognized near the Zipaquira Lineament where several factors converge to deform considerably the rocks (e.g. Salt diapirs). We calculate the stress tensor from kinematic data, resulting in fractures formed in an extensional environment induced by diapir intrusion in the fold core. According to the transverse sections and previous considerations, thickness variation in Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene formations may indicate the onset of the pre-Andean Orogeny and the uplift of separated blocks, controlled by the transverse zones.
Procesos de ladera cosísmicos del terremoto de Cinchona (Costa Rica) del 8 de enero de 2009 (Ms= 6,2)
Authors: Quesada Román Adolfo , Barrantes Castillo Gustavo
Published: May 2016

El terremoto de Cinchona, ocurrido el 8 de enero de 2009, provocó grandes impactos físicos, como la destrucción de infraestructura pública y privada, y sociales, al dejar un total de 2.326 personas damnificadas, 91 heridos, 7 desaparecidos y 25 muertos. Con base en fotografías aéreas y un levantamiento LiDAR de alta resolución, posterior al sismo, se clasificaron 1.900 procesos de ladera basadas en los trabajos de Alcántara-Ayala (2000), Cruden y Varnes (1996) y Highland y Bobrowsky (2008). La importancia de este trabajo para Costa Rica radica en que es la primera vez que se utiliza la clasificación internacional de procesos de ladera de la WP/WLI planteada en 1990.
Construcciones socioespaciales en el encierro: la cárcel Bellavista
Authors: Rúa Laura Melissa
Published: May 2016

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación de corte etnográfico llevada a cabo en las instalaciones de la cárcel Bellavista, en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). El objetivo del trabajo consiste en hacer una aproximación teórico-conceptual en torno a las construcciones socioespaciales (territorio, territorialidad, lugar, espacio social) que subyacen en el encierro, a partir de la visión de las personas que padecen el lugar, lo viven, lo transitan y lo configuran en los sistemas de supervivencia como un espacio común, es decir, desde las prácticas internas desarrolladas por los reclusos en el espacio carcelario, así como sus percepciones, nociones y subjetividades.
Filgrastim–Induced Crescentic Transformation of Recurrent IgG2λ GN
Authors: Batal Ibrahim , Markowitz Glen S. , Wong Waichi , Avasare Rupali , Mapara Markus Y. , Appel Gerald B. , D'Agati Vivette D.
Published: May 2016

Proliferative GN with monoclonal IgG deposits is an increasingly recognized form of GN, but its relation to hematologic malignancy remains poorly understood. Filgrastim, an analog for granulocyte colony–stimulating factor produced by recombinant DNA technology, is frequently used to stimulate bone marrow release of hematopoietic progenitor cells in preparation for stem cell transplant. We report an exceptional case of proliferative GN with monoclonal IgG2λ deposits in a young man whose disease progressed slowly to CKD, which was followed by a preemptive kidney transplant. The patient developed recurrent GN in the allograft and clinically detectable plasma cell neoplasm 9 years after the first renal manifestations. Contemporaneous with filgrastim administration for stem cell mobilization, the patient’s slowly progressive GN underwent severe crescentic transformation, leading to rapidly progressive and irreversible allograft failure. This report explores the spectrum of GN with monoclonal IgG deposits and the pathophysiologic role of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor in exacerbation of preexisting GN.
Information Asymmetries and Their Challenge to International Broadcasting
Authors: Price Monroe Edwin
Published: May 2016

Dramatic symmetries in strategies and techniques of persuasion create challenges to the functioning of established actors in the global media ecology, including international broadcasters. This essay articulates an adaptation of the concept of asymmetric warfare to the field of propaganda, persuasion and recruitment. It examines the particular challenge of certain asymmetric entrants, including ISIS and categorizes how the more traditional entities and government institutions react to these new entrants in markets for loyalties.
Presentación
Authors: Borrell Iosep
Published: May 2016

¿Qué queremos realmente que sea el euro? ¿Nos conformamos con un sistema de tipos de cambio super-fijos, con un gobierno intergubernamental tipo Eurogrupo? ¿O construir un sistema federal en el que un presupuesto central asegure el equilibrio del conjunto y un mínimo de solidaridad?
Which is More Effective in Altering the Intra-Gastric pH in Dogs, Omeprazole or Ranitidine?
Authors: Swallow Adam
Published: May 2016

Clinical bottom line

Based on the current available evidence, omeprazole is the superior choice for raising intra-gastric pH.
Conectivismo: Hacia El Nuevo Paradigma De La Enseñanza Por Competencias
Authors: Tumino Marisa Cecilia , Bournissen Juan Manuel
Published: May 2016

The three main learning theories most frequently used in the design and creation of instructional environments are behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism. In the last years, technology has reorganized the way we live, communicate and learn. The arrival of the web 2.0 has greatly increased students’ access to the interconnected information required for their professional formation. Scientific and technological progress has impelled innovation as an assertive paradigm of the well-meant development efforts of a knowledge society in continuous transformation. One of the great challenges faced by educational institutions is that of training competent professionals qualified to adapt themselves to the ceaseless changes and challenges posed by each discipline, with the consequent responsibility of implementing teaching and evaluation techniques which would allow to identify the degree of achievement of professional competencies aimed to develop in the students. This essay addresses the way in which Informatics -as a science which studies methods, processes, and storage, processing and transmission techniquescan lay the foundations this changes convey and introduce innovative practices aimed to get hold of the benefits of connectivism to strengthen competencies of the professional profile. According to Bartolomé (2011), in connectivism -as a learning theory first introduced by Siemens and Downeslearning is produced through a process of connecting and generating information in the context of a learning community, where this community acts as a node, part of a bigger net with other nodes sharing resources with each other. The size and strength of the nodes varies according to the concentration of information and the number of individuals participating in the node. Knowledge is distributed throughout the net. Some interesting concepts are the continuous change of validity and precision of information (knowledge dynamics) and also the change in the students’ skills over time. Drawing from the information gathered in this study, it is believed that the self-determined learning methodology, along with the resources gained through connectivism, creates a beneficial scenario for the professional training aimed to develop the competences demanded by society.
A Markowitz Approach For Asset Allocation In The Albanian Bond Market
Authors: Bezo Ardi , Shehu Hidajet , Manaj Zamir
Published: May 2016

Having reviewed all the components that meet a country's financial system, the Albanian financial market landscape is asymmetrical. To date investments in Albania are realized mainly through bank deposits or securities in informal way or Bonds investments. However, a high proportion of the total assets of life insurance companies are invested in deposits of commercial banks, it is necessary to diversify the sources of investments and a weakening dependence on commercial banks. This restructuring will bring changes in investment policy and in the risk management philosophy. The analytical approach consists in how to diversificate the risk throwing Optimization portfolio of all markets actors, detailed analysis of all the limitations that offers the Albanian financial market, identifying financial instruments comprising the investment portfolio of financial institutions and building a model optimization which will bring increased value of investments. At the end of the paper will be conducted a comparative analysis in Albania Financial markets.