bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SPIN REWARD TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Pasaribu Zuani Jesica , Nurmayani Nurmayani , Irsan Irsan , Karo-karo Demmu , Sitohang Risma
Published: April 2024

Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah kurangnya keaktifan belajar siswa kelas V SDS HKBP Pardamean Medan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah terapat pengaruh positif dari metode reward terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa tema 1 subtema 3 kelas V SDS HKBP Pardamean Medan T.A 2023/2024. Penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan jenis penelitian Quasi Eksperiment dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian one group pretest-postest. Sampel penelitian ini kelas V dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 22 orang. Intrumen atau teknik pengumpulan data penelitian yaitu angket keaktifan belajar siswa dengan 17 butir soal dinyatakan valid dan 3 butir soal dinyatakan tidak valid. Reliabilitas 0,907 dinyatakan reliabel dengan kategori reliabilitas sangat tinggi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan rumus uji-T. hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata angket keaktifan belajar siswa dengan metode reward 74, sedangkan pembelajaran dengan metode konvensional yaitu 60,54. Selain itu, hasil perhitungan hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-T. diperoleh hasil thitung = -51,5642 > ttabel = -1,7207, sehingga Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dimana artinya terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan antara penggunaan metode reward terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa tema 1 subtema 3 kelas V SDS HKBP Pardamean Medan T.A 2023/2024.
ANALISIS MISKONSEPSI SISWA SMA DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF
Authors: Ilhamsyah Ilhamsyah , Rahmi Rahmi
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis miskonsepsi pada siswa pada materi SPLTV dan penyebabnya pada siswa kelas XI I SMA 13 Makassardengan gaya kognitif Field Independent (FI) dan gaya kognitif Field Dependent (FD) Menurut Sternberg dan Elena (1997), gaya kognitif adalah jembatan antara kecerdasan dan kepribadian. Gaya kognitif field independent adalah kecenderungan siswa dalam belajar yang mempunyai karakteristik belajar secara mandiri dengan mengutamakan kemampuan berpikir analitis dan matematis. Siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitiffield dependent cenderung berpikir secara global, lebih mudah terpengaruh oleh kritik, mereka lebih suka mempelajari ilmu sosial, dan begitu tergantung dengan lingkungan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, instrument penelitian, yaitu lembar soal tes dan lembar pedoman wawancara. Metode analisis, data menggunakan deskriptif yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran umum dan menyeluruh tentang situasi sosial yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis miskonsepsi yang terjadi untuk gaya kognitif Field Independent (FI) dan Field Dependent (FD) yaitu teori klasifikasional, teoritikal dan korelasional, dengan penyebab utama adalah guru dan sebab khusus yakni komunikasi antara siswa dan guru yang tidak berjalan dengan baik dan metode mengajar hanya ceramah dan meminta anak untuk mencatat.
KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA BERDASARKAN TEORI APOS PADA SISWA SMP
Authors: Firdaus Andi Mulawakkan
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah berdasarkan teori APOS pada kelas VIII SMP Negeri 18 Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah 3 siswa yang terdiri dari 1 siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi, 1 siswa yang berkemampuan sedang, dan 1 siswa berkemampuan rendah. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu soal tes pemahaman konsep matematika berupa soal uraian sebanyak 3 nomor dengan materi barisan aritmatika, dan pedoman wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pada tahap aksi, siswa berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang memenuhi indikator yaitu mampu menyatakan perbedaan antara suatu barisan dengan cara memperhatikan pola dari beberapa suku dan mampu menentukan nilai suku berikutnya dengan menggunakan aktivitas prosedural, sedangkan siswa berkemampuan rendah hanya memenuhi 1 indikator yaitu mampu menentukan nilai suku berikutnya dengan menggunakan aktivitas prosedural. pada tahap proses, siswa berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang memenuhi indikator yaitu mampu menentukan dan menjelaskan langkah-langkah mencari nilai suku ke-n pada barisan aritmatika, sedangkan siswa berkemampuan rendah belum memenuhi indikator yaitu belum mampu menentukan dan menjelaskan langkah-langkah mencari nilai suku ke-n pada barisan aritmatika. Pada tahap objek, siswa berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang memenuhi indikator yaitu mampu menunjukkan bahwa pola barisan tersebut mempunyai sifat-sifat atau ciri tertentu dan mampu mengaitkan pola barisan dengan pengetahuan sebelumnya, sedangkan siswa berkemampuan rendah belum memenuhi indikator yaitu belum mampu menunjukkan bahwa pola barisan tersebut mempunyai sifat-sifat atau ciri tertentu dan belum mampu mengaitkan pola barisan dengan pengetahuan sebelumnya. Pada tahap skema, siswa berkemampuan tinggi memenuhi indikator yaitu mampu menentukan sifat-sifat barisan aritmatika dengan menghubungkan aksi, proses, objek, dari suatu konsep ke konsep lainnya, sedangkan siswa berkemampuan sedang dan rendah belum memenuhi indikator yaitu belum mampu menentukan sifat-sifat barisan aritmatika dengan menghubungkan aksi, proses, objek, dari suatu konsep ke konsep lainnya.
IMPLEMENTASI STEM PROJECT BASED LEARNING: MENGEKSPLORASI DOMAIN KOGNITIF DAN AFEKTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Syam Haerul , Rahayuningsih Sri , Muzaini Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Dunia kerja membutuhkan karyawan yang lebih siap di bidang STEM dan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang lebih melek STEM, salah satu faktor penyebab mengapa pendidikan STEM mendapat perhatian yang semakin meningkat. Penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan one Group Pretest Posttest Design, Peserta penelitian merupakan siswa kelas 8 SMP unggulan yang berada di Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Siswa (N = 94), Laki-laki (L=47), perempuan (P= 47). Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengamati efektivitas peran STEM-PBL pada pembelajaran matematika dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ranah kognitif dan afektif siswa di tingkat sekolah menengah pertama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika efektif melalui penerapan STEM-PBL pada siswa kelas VIII SMP yang ditinjau dari hasil pemecahan matematika siswa dan aktivitas siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Peran STEM-PBL mampu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa. Temuan dalam penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa selama penerapan STEM-PBL, siswa menunjukkan keterlibatan ranah afektif seperti attitude, emotion, self-acknowledgement dan beliefs. Self-Acknowledgement memegang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran STEM PBL.
Analisis Pembelajaran Moral dan Agama Melalui Penerapan Loose Part
Authors: Fitamaya Dewi , Zulfahmi Muhammad Nofan
Published: April 2024

Pendidikan karakter menjadi fokus utama dalam pembentukan moral anak dan generasi bangsa yang berakhlak mulia. Adanya  fenomena rendahnya moralitas pada anak-anak usia dini, penanaman nilai-nilai positif perlu dilakukan sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembelajaran moral dan agama melalui penerapan Loose Parts di TK Pertwi 08.12 Papasan. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi,wawancara, dan dokumentasi untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang bagaimana pembelajaran moral dan agama melalui penerapan Loose Parts di tingkat PAUD. Pengumpulan data dari observasi partisipan dan wawancara mendalam, ditemukan media  Loose Parts telah meningkatkan pemahaman anak-anak terhadap nilai-nilai moral dan agama. Faktor penghambat yaitu kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran orang tua, Keterbatasan sumber daya, Resistensi terhadap perubahan. Faktor pendukung yaitu dukungan dari pihak sekolah, Keterlibatan aktif orang tua, Ketersediaan fasilitas dan bahan ajar. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan baru bagi pendidik PAUD dalam merancang pembelajaran yang menarik dan efektif. Kesimpulannya, penerapan Loose Parts dalam pembelajaran moral dan agama di TK Pertwi 08.12 Papasan berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan pengembangan karakter anak-anak secara holistik. Penelitian  ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pemahaman dan implementasi pendidikan karakter di tingkat PAUD.
Evaluation of General-Purpose and Real-Time Operating Systems Performance for Multi-Robot Systems Path Planning
Authors: S Nishma A , S Krishna Priya K , Marshal Minu , S Jeshika
Published: April 2024

Real-Time operating systems (RTOS) and General-Purpose Operating Systems (GPOS) are the two main components of contemporary operating systems, in general. The main differentiation between RTOS and GPOS lies in the urgency factor, signifying that a high-priority thread in GPOS cannot interrupt a kernel call. However, with RTOS, even while a low-priority process is carrying out a kernel call, it might be preempted by a high-priority task if needed. When kernel modifications are made, the majority of Linux distributions can function as both GPOS and RTOS. Two Linux distributions, Ubuntu and Pardus, were examined in this study, and their functions as GPOS and RTOS for multi-robot system route planning were compared. Robot groups with varying membership counts were employed to carry out the path tracking.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON DIGITAL DIVIDE AND ICT ACCESS: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RURAL COMMUNITIES IN AFRICA AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Kevin Namiiro Kuteesa  , Chidiogo Uzoamaka Akpuokwe  , Chioma Ann Udeh
Published: April 2024

This review paper examines the digital divide and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) access in rural communities across Africa and the United States, employing a comparative analysis to understand the multifaceted nature of digital disparities. Through an exploration of theoretical frameworks, including Technology Acceptance Models, Socio-Economic Models, and Cultural and Policy Analysis, the paper highlights the complex interplay of factors influencing ICT access. It delves into the current state of ICT infrastructure, digital literacy, and the impact of ICT on socio-economic development in these communities. The analysis further assesses policy and regulatory environments, identifying challenges and opportunities for bridging the digital divide. The paper concludes by offering insights into future directions for research, policy reforms, and innovative solutions aimed at enhancing digital inclusion.

Keywords: Digital Divide, ICT Access, Rural Communities, Technology Acceptance Models, Digital Literacy, Policy Analysis.
AI'S IMPACT ON PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: TAILORING TREATMENTS FOR IMPROVED HEALTH OUTCOMES
Authors: Francisca Chibugo Udegbe  , Ogochukwu Roseline  Ebulue  , Charles Chukwudalu  Ebulue  , Chukwunonso Sylvester  Ekesiobi
Published: April 2024

This review paper explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on personalized medicine and its potential to revolutionize healthcare outcomes. AI technologies, ranging from data analysis and interpretation to diagnostic tools and treatment planning, offer unprecedented opportunities for tailoring medical interventions to individual patient characteristics. Through sophisticated algorithms, AI facilitates the analysis of complex biological data, predicts disease risks, and enhances diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, AI-powered personalized medicine promises to expand access to high-quality healthcare and address global health disparities. However, challenges such as data privacy, bias, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed to ensure the responsible integration of AI into healthcare practices. This paper underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical considerations, and policy-making efforts in harnessing AI's potential to advance personalized medicine responsibly.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Personalized Medicine, Healthcare, Data Analysis, Ethical Considerations, Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Effect of Employee Motivation Practices on Projects Performance in Health Projects: A Case of Projects Implemented in Ruhengeri Referral Hospital, Musanze District, Rwanda
Authors: Nzabitondera Bernard , Bugingo Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

This study sought to investigate the effect of employee motivation practices on project performance in health projects implemented by Ruhengeri Referral Hospital in Musanze district, Rwanda. The study adopted a convergent parallel design, utilising a mixed approach. The study was carried out at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital in Musanze district, Rwanda. The population consisted of 5400 subjects, from which a sample of 372 individuals was selected, comprising 317 patients, 44 health workers, and 11 health leaders. The sample size was determined using Yamane’s formula. Random and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting the involved participants. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire (with 5-point Likert scales), an interview guide, and a document review guide. The data was analysed using percentages, frequencies, means, standard deviation, and regression analysis. A study at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital in Rwanda found that recognition and rewards, career development, employee involvement, and job security all significantly boosted project performance (p-value<0.05). Based on these findings, the study recommends that the Ministry of Health implement strategies like performance-based incentives, training programmes, and staff meetings to improve employee motivation and project success. For health workers themselves, the study suggests ongoing skill development, a positive work environment, patient-centred care, and community engagement for better health outcomes.
Formation and loss of light absorbance by phenolic aqueous SOA by ●OH and an organic triplet excited state
Authors: Arciva Stephanie , Ma Lan , Mavis Camille , Guzman Chrystal , Anastasio Cort
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) is an important component of biomass-burning (BB) emissions that impacts Earth's radiation budget. BB directly emits primary BrC as well as gaseous phenolic compounds (ArOH), which react in the gas and aqueous phases with oxidants – such as hydroxyl radical (⚫OH) and organic triplet excited states (3C∗) – to form light-absorbing secondary organic aerosol (SOA). These reactions in atmospheric aqueous phases, such as cloud/fog drops and aerosol liquid water (ALW), form aqueous SOA (aqSOA), i.e., low-volatility, high-molecular-weight products. While these are important routes of aqSOA formation, the light absorption and lifetimes of the BrC formed are poorly characterized. To study these aspects, we monitored the formation and loss of light absorption by aqSOA produced by reactions of six highly substituted phenols with ⚫OH and 3C∗. While the parent phenols absorb very little tropospheric sunlight, they are oxidized to aqSOA that can absorb significant amounts of sunlight. The extent of light absorption by the aqSOA depends on both the ArOH precursor and oxidant: more light-absorbing aqSOA is formed from more highly substituted phenols and from triplet reactions rather than ⚫OH. Under laboratory conditions, extended reaction times in ⚫OH experiments diminish sunlight absorption by aqSOA on timescales of hours, while extended reaction times in 3C∗ experiments reduce light absorption much more slowly. Estimated lifetimes of light-absorbing phenolic aqSOA range from 3 to 17 h in cloud/fog drops, where ⚫OH is the major sink, and from 0.7 to 8 h in ALW, where triplet excited states are the major sink.
Next-generation radiance unfiltering process for the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System instrument
Authors: Liang Lusheng , Su Wenying , Sejas Sergio , Eitzen Zachary , Loeb Norman G.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The filtered radiances measured by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments are converted to shortwave (SW), longwave (LW), and window unfiltered radiances based on regressions developed from theoretical radiative transfer simulations to relate filtered and unfiltered radiances. This paper describes an update to the existing Edition 4 CERES unfiltering algorithm (Loeb et al., 2001), incorporating the most recent developments in radiative transfer modeling, ancillary input datasets, and increased computational and storage capabilities during the past 20 years. Simulations are performed with the updated Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission (MODTRAN) 5.4 version. Over land and snow, the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is characterized by a kernel-based representation in the simulations, instead of the Lambertian surface used in the Edition 4 unfiltering process. Radiance unfiltering is explicitly separated into four seasonally dependent land surface groups based on the spectral radiation similarities of different surface types (defined by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme); over snow, it is separated into fresh snow, permanent snow, and sea ice. This differs from the Edition 4 unfiltering process where only one set of regressions was used for land and snow, respectively. The instantaneous unfiltering errors are estimated with independent test cases generated from radiative transfer simulations in which the “true” unfiltered radiances from radiative transfer simulations are compared with the unfiltered radiances calculated from the regressions. Overall, the relative errors are mostly within ±0.5 % for SW, within ±0.2 % for daytime LW, and within ±0.1 % for nighttime LW for both CERES Terra Flight Model 1 (FM1) and Aqua FM3 instruments. The unfiltered radiances are converted to fluxes and compared to CERES Edition 4 fluxes. The global mean instantaneous fluxes for Aqua FM3 are reduced by 0.34 to 0.45 W m−2 for SW and increased by 0.25 to 0.46 W m−2 for daytime LW; for Terra FM1, they are reduced by 0.24 to 0.34 W m−2 for SW and increased by 0.08 to 0.28 W m−2 for daytime LW. Nighttime LW flux differences are negligible for both instruments.
Development of a cascade impactor optimized for size-fractionated analysis of aerosol metal content by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF)
Authors: Crazzolara Claudio , Held Andreas
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A new cascade impactor has been developed with the arrangement of the classifying nozzles optimized for analysis of the collected particles by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). TXRF offers detection limits in the range of a few picograms of absolute mass and therefore poses great potential for the elemental analysis of heavy metals in aerosol particles. To fully exploit this high sensitivity, particles have to be collected in the effective analysis area of the TXRF instrument, which is often smaller than typical deposition patterns of commercial impactors or filter samplers. This is achieved by a novel compact arrangement of the classifying nozzles within a circular area of a diameter of less than 5 mm. A decreasing density of the nozzle spacing from the inside to the outside of the nozzle cluster allows for constant cross-flow conditions, minimizing the mutual influence of the individual nozzles. The design of a multistage cascade impactor is presented to individually sample PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 size fractions. Considering the high sensitivity of TXRF analysis, constructive measures have been taken to prevent attrition of impactor material which might lead to methodical blank values. Experimental validation confirms that neither attrition nor cross-contamination can be observed. Furthermore, a new spin-coating method has been developed which makes it possible to apply a thin and defined adhesive layer of grease to the sample carrier with good repeatability. Application of the impactor in a case study at an urban site at Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, Germany, shows that sampling at a moderate volume flow rate of 5 L min−1, the particle mass collected in 30 min or less is sufficient for reliable TXRF analysis of heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Ni) in ambient aerosol. This high time resolution enables snapshot sampling, e.g. to quantify variations in particle source strengths. Overall, the new impactor optimized for TXRF analysis bears great potential to improve the quantification of particulate trace metals and other elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 with high time resolution.
A directional surface reflectance climatology determined from TROPOMI observations
Authors: Tilstra Lieuwe G. , de Graaf Martin , Trees Victor J. H. , Litvinov Pavel , Dubovik Oleg , Stammes Piet
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce a spectral surface reflectivity climatology based on observations made by TROPOMI on board the Sentinel-5P satellite. The database contains the directionally dependent Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (DLER) of the Earth's surface for 21 wavelength bands ranging from 328 to 2314 nm and for each calendar month. The spatial resolution of the database grid is 0.125° × 0.125°. A recently developed cloud shadow detection technique is implemented to avoid dark scenes due to cloud shadow. In the database, the anisotropy of the surface reflection is described using a third-order parameterisation of the viewing angle dependence. The viewing angle dependence of the DLER is analysed globally and for a selection of surface type regions. The dependence is found to agree with the viewing angle dependence found in the GOME-2 surface DLER database. Differences exist, related to the actual solar position. On average, the viewing angle dependence in TROPOMI DLER is weaker than for GOME-2 DLER, but still important. Validation of the new database was first performed by comparison of the non-directional TROPOMI surface LER with heritage LER databases based on GOME-1, OMI, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2 data. Agreement was found within 0.002–0.02 in the UV-VIS (below 500 nm), up to 0.003 in the NIR (670–772 nm), and below 0.001 in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) (2314 nm). These performance numbers are dominated by the performance over ocean, but they are in most cases also representative for land surfaces. For the validation of the directional TROPOMI surface DLER, we made use of comparison with the MODIS surface bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) for a selection of surface type regions. In all cases the DLER performed significantly better than the traditional LER, and we found good agreement with the MODIS surface BRDF. The TROPOMI surface DLER database is a clear improvement on previous surface albedo databases and can be used as input not only for satellite retrievals from TROPOMI observations, but also for retrievals from observations from other polar-orbiting satellite instruments provided that their equator crossing time is close to that of TROPOMI. The algorithm that is introduced in this paper can be used for the retrieval of surface reflectivity climatologies from other polar satellite missions as well, including Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on the Sentinel-3 satellites, Sentinel-5, and Multi-viewing Multi-channel Multi-polarisation imager (3MI) on the MetOp-SG-A1 satellite to be launched in 2025, as well as the future CO2M mission.
Preindustrial to present-day changes in atmospheric carbon monoxide: agreements and gaps between ice archives and global model reconstructions
Authors: Faïn Xavier , Szopa Sophie , Naïk Vaishali , Martinerie Patricia , Etheridge David M. , Rhodes Rachael H. , Trudinger Cathy M. , Petrenko Vasilii V. , Fourteau Kévin , Place Phillip
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Global chemistry-climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases. Evaluating these models under past conditions and constraining historical sources and sinks necessitates reliable records of atmospheric mixing ratios spanning preindustrial times. Such precious records were recently obtained for carbon monoxide (CO) documenting for the first time the evolution of this reactive compound over the industrial era. In this study, we compare the simulated atmospheric surface CO mixing ratios ([CO]) from two different sets of CCMs and emissions in the frame of CMIP5 and of CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6) with recent bipolar ice archive reconstructions for the period spanning 1850 to present. We analyze how historical (1850–2014) [CO] outputs from 16 (Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project) models and 6 AerChemMIP (Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project)  models over Greenland and Antarctica are able to capture both absolute values and trends recorded in multi-site ice archives. While most models underestimate [CO] at high northern latitudes, a reduction in this bias is observed from ACCMIP to AerChemMIP exercises. Over the 1980–2010 CE period, trends in ice archive and firn air observations and AerChemMIP outputs align remarkably well at high northern and southern latitudes, indicating improved quantification of CO anthropogenic emissions and the main CO sink (OH oxidation) compared to ACCMIP. From 1850 to 1980 CE, AerChemMIP models and observations consistently show increasing [CO] in both the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), suggesting a robust understanding of the CO budget evolution. However, a divergence in the [CO] growth rate emerges in NH between models and observations over the 1920–1975 CE period, attributed to uncertainties in CO emission factors (EF), particularly EF for RCO (Residential, Commercial and Others) and transportation sectors, although we cannot totally rule out that the CO record based on Greenland ice archives may be biased high by CO chemical production processes occurring in the ice prior the measurements (i.e., in situ CO production). In the Southern Hemisphere, AerChemMIP models simulate an increase in atmospheric [CO] from 1850 to 1980 CE closely reproducing the observations (22±10 ppb and 13±7 ppb, respectively). Such agreement supports CMIP6 biomass burning CO emission inventories which do not reveal a peak in CO emissions in the late 19th century. Furthermore, both SH models and observations reveal an accelerated growth rate in [CO] during 1945–1980 CE relative to 1980–1945 CE, likely linked to increased anthropogenic transportation emissions.
CLASH – Climate-responsive Land Allocation model with carbon Storage and Harvests
Authors: Ekholm Tommi , Freistetter Nadine-Cyra , Rautiainen Aapo , Thölix Laura
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Climate-responsive Land Allocation model with carbon Storage and Harvests (CLASH) is a global, biophysical land-use model that can be embedded into integrated assessment models (IAMs). CLASH represents vegetation growth, terrestrial carbon stocks, and production from agriculture and forestry for different land uses in a changing climate. Connecting CLASH to an IAM would allow the consideration of terrestrial carbon stocks, agriculture and forestry in global climate policy analyses. All terrestrial ecosystems and their carbon dynamics are comprehensively described at a coarse resolution. Special emphasis is placed on representing the world's forests. Vegetation growth, soil carbon stocks, agricultural yields and natural disturbance frequencies react to changing climatic conditions, emulating the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. Land is divided into 10 biomes with six land-use classes (including forests and agricultural classes). Secondary forests are age structured. The timing of forest harvests affects forest carbon stocks, and, hence, carbon storage per forest area can be increased through forest management. In addition to secondary forests, CLASH also includes primary ecosystems, cropland and pastures. The comprehensive inclusion of all land-use classes and their main functions allows representing the global land-use competition. In this article, we present, calibrate and validate the model; demonstrate its use; and discuss how it can be integrated into IAMs.
Comparing observed and modelled components of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26° N
Authors: Bryden Harry , Beunk Jordi , Drijfhout Sybren , Hazeleger Wilco , Mecking Jennifer
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) allows the assessment of the representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in climate models. While CMIP Phase 6 models display a large spread in AMOC strength, the multi-model mean strength agrees reasonably well with observed estimates from RAPID1, but this does not hold for the AMOC's various components. In CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6), the present-day AMOC is characterized by a lack of lower North Atlantic Deep Water (lNADW) due to the small scale of Greenland–Iceland–Scotland Ridge overflow and too much mixing. This is compensated for by increased recirculation in the subtropical gyre and more Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Deep-water circulation is dominated by a distinct deep western boundary current (DWBC) with minor interior recirculation compared with observations. The future decline in the AMOC of 7 Sv by 2100 under a Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5) emission scenario is associated with decreased northward western boundary current transport in combination with reduced southward flow of upper North Atlantic Deep Water (uNADW). In CMIP6, wind stress curl decreases with time by 14 % so that wind-driven thermocline recirculation in the subtropical gyre is reduced by 4 Sv (17 %) by 2100. The reduction in western boundary current transport of 11 Sv is more than the decrease in wind-driven gyre transport, indicating a decrease over time in the component of the Gulf Stream originating from the South Atlantic.
World-System of Vaccine Distribution
Authors: Köncke Philipp , Schmalz Stefan
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes spatial hierarchies and geopolitical conflicts during the COVID-19 pandemic from a world-systems perspective. Drawing on data on global vaccine production and distribution, we argue that the trimodal structure of the capitalist world-system—core, semi-periphery, and periphery—has been reproduced through unequal access to vaccines, constituting hierarchically structured “vaccine worlds”. These vaccine worlds are geopolitically contested, as Chinese companies compete with American and European corporations for influence and markets. Against this background, we outline the Chinese state-led vaccine internationalization strategy with its focus on the global South, and discuss its achievements and contradictions.
Where are Fossil Fuels Displaced by Alternatives?
Authors: Sikirica Amanda
Published: April 2024

In light of ongoing and accelerating climate change driven by human combustion of fossil fuels, researchers have found evidence that national-level inequality influences whether nations are able to replace fossil fuels with alternative energies. This paper asks whether the inequality between nations also influences the rate at which nations replace fossil fuels. I use multilevel modeling techniques, World Bank data and data aggregated by Our World in Data for 146 nations from 1960–2021 to better understand the variation in national-level displacement of fossil fuels. Findings suggest there has been only partial displacement of fossil fuels at the global level during this period. In examining whether the variation in displacement of fossil fuels with alternative fuels at the national level can be described by lasting global inequality among nations, here measured by world-systems position, I find that semiperiphery nations displace fossil fuels at a higher rate on average as compared with core nations. This is further evidence for the importance of fossil fuel infrastructure and global inequality for implementing energy transitions to address climate change.
“What Will Set Yuh Free is Money”
Authors: Spear Charlotte
Published: April 2024

Studies have noted a dependency on sex work to “make do” in economies ravaged by foreign debt (Harrison 1991; Obregón 2018), necessitating a framing of the dynamics of sex work through a globalized system of enforced debt. This paper explores sex workers’ rights in post-quake Haiti and contemporary Jamaica, through an examination of Makenzy Orcel’s The Immortals (2020) and Nicole Dennis-Benn’s Here Comes the Sun (2017). Like global debt systems, the exploitation of sex workers relies on a politics of dependency and constructed narratives of victimhood. This results in the refusal to recognize sex work as autonomous labor, meaning sex workers do not possess the protections of labor rights (Mgbako 2019). A literary examination of these debates exposes global debt’s modes of subject creation and the powerful resistance inherent in resubjectifying sex workers as conditionally agential rights claimants. This therefore reflects the Warwick Research Collective’s (WReC) suggestion that world-literature registers the “single but radically uneven world-system” in its form and content (2015). By exposing the tensions in subject-making at the heart of both debt economies and sex workers’ rights debates, Orcel and Dennis-Benn create feminized spaces to narrate sex workers’ negotiations of patriarchal-capitalist structures that peripheralize them.
Compassion as Commodity
Authors: Kaube Hendrikje
Published: April 2024

While it was common for Victorian working-class women to be employed outside of the home, a paid occupation spelled the end of gentility for their bourgeois counterparts. Yet many of these ladies found respectable alternatives to make a living. For our research of the nineteenth century, we rely to a great extent on numbers – census data, population statistics, percentages. However, few contemporary employment records give an accurate or reliable account of the respective household constellation, particularly with regard to women. Looking at these numbers, we have to bear in mind that we are also looking at numbers accrued with certain assumptions about the role of women in society. Unlike the New Woman of the fin de siècle, who is a typist or clerk, some held positions which fell outside of the common labor categories. From Charles Dickens to Neo-Edwardian literature, these ‘odd women’ appear as caretakers, companions, and assistants performing various duties. Broadening the scope of investigation into women and work in England during the long nineteenth century beyond considerations of manual and educational employment into the realm of emotional labor, we can obtain more information on the restrictions of contemporary ideology and the power dynamics of affective care.
Reading Hunger and Exhaustion in Clarice Lispector’s A Hora de Estrela
Authors: Gillman Hannah
Published: April 2024

Coined by Karl Marx in Capital (1867), the “metabolic rift” or “ecological rift” model describes the cycle of extraction, exportation and exhaustion present in agricultural production and, in particular, highlights the unsustainability of this ecologically-unequal exchange. This article integrates world-literary theory, Social Reproduction Theory, and the model of the metabolic rift to explore how Clarice Lispector’s Hour of the Star (1977) illuminates the peripheralization of women within the capitalist mode of production. The increasing pressure on women to be producers causes contradictions in the protagonist’s materiality and exposes the pressures placed on writing—especially women's writing—to meet the expectations of literary production. The novel’s commodity consumption, crisis of social reproduction, and meta-narrational features become windows to view the women’s work and women’s narratives which simultaneously sustain and are exploited by the capitalist mode of production. By connecting these various threads, I suggest the ignored labor of social reproduction under capitalism signals a crisis of consumption and a loss of capitalistic futurity, alerting readers to the unsustainable nature of the current capitalist mode of production.
Woman’s Work is Never Done: Exhaustion and Alienation
Authors: Douglas Roxanne
Published: April 2024

This concluding coda to the “A Woman’s Work is Never Done” Special Issue focuses on themes of exhaustion and alienation in women’s work. This coda builds on the Introduction and papers in the issue to examine how women’s labor often negotiates between and beyond the world-systemic wage relation, yet, women of course still operate within the capitalist world-system. Here I bring together the papers in this Special Issue to consider how, if  “a woman’s work is never done” at the same time as there being “no such thing as an easy job” in our current world-system, this system of exhaustion and alienation can be mapped onto the gendered enmeshment of work with non-work, especially around care, pleasure, and emotional investment, which alienates us from those very same things in our current capitalist formations. I demonstrate how this enmeshment is thought through in literature by comparing the lyrics from c. 1629’s “A Woman’s Work Is Never Done” with Kikuko Tsumura’s recent bestseller, There’s No Such Thing as an Easy Job (2021), to frame the key themes that have emerged in this Special Issue, using Audre Lorde’s theorization of the erotic as a form of unalienating activity and energy.
Poetry After Gaza
Authors: Grubačić Andrej , Murray Rallie
Published: April 2024

Editors' introduction for the Special Issue on Women in World-Literature: A Woman’s Work Winter/Spring 2024, 30 (1).
Yesus sebagai Potret Ideal Gembala Masa Kini: Suatu Studi Biblis-Teologis atas Teks Yohanes 10:11
Authors: Blegur Romelus , Kasipka Enos , Kotte Yohanis
Published: April 2024

Gembala merupakan figur utama dalam organisasi gereja, sebab seluk beluk kemajuan maupun kemunduran gereja secara organisatoris ditentukan oleh peran dan fungsi gembala sebagai pemimpinnya. Karena itu status sebagai gembala menuntut pertanggungjawaban yang besar pula. Hal itu jugalah yang dipraktekkan oleh Yesus ketika Ia hadir di dunia dan berhadapan dengan kondisi domba-domba gembalaan-Nya. Yesus menunjukkan peran yang sempurna tentang apa dan bagaimana menjadi gembala, karena itu gembala masa kini harus bercermin pada-Nya. Terkait itu, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan figur Yesus sebagai potret ideal gembala yang tampak tidak umum dalam praktek penggembalaan masa kini. Hal tersebut penting bagi gembala masa kini untuk memahami dan mendalami peran dan fungsinya dengan baik dan benar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalan metode hermeneutik atau penafsiran Alkitab guna menemukan makna teks yang diteliti sehubungan dengan pokok penelitian. Teks yang diteiti adalah Yohanes 10:11. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa gembala yang ideal adalah, Berlandas Pada Tuhan Yesus Kristus sebagai Dasar Penggembalaan, rela berkorban, Setia dan Taat Terhadap Panggilan, tidak mencari kepentingan sendiri. Prinsip inilah yang dijalankan secara radikal oleh Yesus dan menjadi potret ideal bagi praksis gembala masa kini.
Tinjauan Teologis Terhadap Doktrin Soteriologi Hyper Grace
Authors: Saragih Febri Ando Pratama
Published: April 2024

Konsep keselamatan (Soteriologi) dalam teologi Kristen merupakan suatu pengajaran yang krusial. Berdasarkan kajian hermeneutika, ada beberapa teori atau konsep yang berkaitan dengan Soteriologi yang ikut memberi warna dalam kajian teologi tentang doktrin keselamatan. Salah satunya adalah Hyper Grace, yang menempatkan posisi kasih karunia di posisi yang sangat tinggi, tetapi mengabaikan tanggung jawab orang percaya yang sudah diselamatkan. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji dan meninjau asumsi-asumsi dasar kelompok Hyper Grace tentang doktrin keselamatan, sehingga dapat menyajikan konsep keselamatan yang benar menurut pandangan Alkitab. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ajaran Hyper Grace ini memberikan pemahaman-pemahaman yang keliru, tidak alkitabiah, dan berakhir pada penyesatan terhadap analisanya kepada doktrin keselamatan, khususnya mengenai respon atau tanggung jawab manusia setelah diselamatkan. Hal ini disebabkan karena kajian hermeneutika kelompok Hyper Grace yang keliru dalam menafsirkan teks-teks kasih karunia dan keselamatan. Gereja dan orang percaya harus berhati-hati dengan konsep ini, supaya tidak jatuh ke dalam penyesatan mengenai doktrin keselamatan.
EXPO-IEC for General Public with Cardiac Risk: A Heart Friendly Diet to Reduce Cardiovascular Problem in Community Area
Authors: R Priyadarshini , Therese A Maria , T Nandhini
Published: April 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are major and growing contributors to mortality and disability. Today's major concern is young adults with cardiovascular disease and CVD risk factors. With the help of proper health education and early detection, 90% of CVD and development of its risk factors are preventable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the Effectiveness of Exhibition cum Information Education and Communication (EXPO-IEC) on Knowledge and Practice regarding Heart Friendly Diet among general public with cardiac risk in selected community area, Puducherry.
Methodology: The research approach and design selected for this study was quantitative approach and Pre experimental one group pretest posttest group design. The study setting was selected community area at Lawspet, Puducherry. The sample size was 50 which was selected purposive sampling technique. Pretest was done to assess the level of knowledge and practice on heart friendly diet with the help of self-structured questionnaire. Exhibition cum Information Education and Communication (EXPO-IEC) was conducted. Posttest was done on the 7th day using the same tool.
Results: The study results revealed that out of 50 adult general public with cardiac risk, majority and 28(56%) had adequate knowledge and 49(98%) had adequate practice.
Conclusion: The study concluded that selected EXPO-IEC was very effective in improving knowledge and practice about heart friendly diet among general public with cardiac risk. Exhibition cum Information education and communication, heart friendly diet, general public with cardiac risk.

Key words: Exhibition cum Information education and communication, heart friendly diet, general public with cardiac risk.
Enhancing Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of the Efficacy of Tremor Suppression Orthoses
Authors: Kumar Yashika , Sharma Gouri
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system, significantly impacting daily life through symptoms such as shuffling gait, reduced arm swing, and poor posture. With prevalence increasing in individuals over 65, managing Parkinson’s disease symptoms through medications, surgery, and rehabilitation is crucial. This study focuses on orthotic interventions aimed at improving gait and enhancing quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients, particularly addressing compromised proprioception and movement perception believed to contribute to Parkinson’s disease motor impairments. The objective is to synthesize existing research on the efficacy of tremor suppression orthoses in Parkinson’s disease care.
Aim: This study aims to critically review the literature assessing the effects of tremor suppression orthosis on Parkinson’s disease patients, with a focus on comfort, efficacy, and impact on motor symptoms.
Method: An in-depth review of the literature was carried out using common criteria for comfort and efficacy. This paper analyses around 15 articles from 2015 to 2022 and this study analyzed a number of publications (PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, ProQuest) that used tremor suppressing orthosis in conjunction with several targeted areas (spinal region, upper limb, and lower limb) by using the keywords Parkinson’s disease, orthosis, vibration, tremor. Out of 25 articles initially identified, 15 articles were included.
Results: The review highlights that biofeedback vibrations through orthoses can suppress tremors in Parkinson’s disease patients. Additionally, it was observed that targeted instructions or stimulation could enhance patients' attentiveness and coordination. External sensory signals provided by orthoses might serve as triggers to facilitate movement sequence transitions. Vibration-based orthoses, applied to specific anatomical regions, showed promise in improving tremor suppression, balance, bradykinesia, and gait freezing.
Discussion & Conclusion: The analysis concludes that vibration orthoses significantly enhance balance and consciousness in Parkinson’s disease patients, showing potential in treating tremor suppression and gait abnormalities, thereby improving function and quality of life. However, the study underscores the need for more experimental research with longer durations and follow-ups to fully validate these findings. The current body of evidence, while promising, is limited, highlighting the necessity for further investigations to substantiate the efficacy of tremor suppression orthoses in Parkinson’s disease care.

Key words: Parkinson’s Disease, Orthosis, Vibration, Tremor Suppression.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Modifiable Risk Factors and Prevention of Renal Calculi Among Selected Rural Community of Dehradun
Authors: Sharma Anita
Published: April 2024

To ensure good health: eat lightly, breathe deeply, live moderately, cultivate cheerfulness, and maintain an interest in life. Renal calculus is stone like body composed of urinary salts bound together by a colloid matrix of organic materials. It consists of a nucleus around with concentric layers of urinary salts are deposited. The cause of renal stone is hyper excretion of relatively insoluble urinary constituents, physiological changes in urine PH, environmental and dietary factors. Depending on causes they are classified as calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine and struvite.
The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding modifiable risk factors and prevention of renal calculi. A pre-experimental one group post test design was used for the study. A total 70 men and women of rural community from Dudhli village of Dehradun, Uttarakhand were selected through convenience non-probability sampling technique. The data was collected through self-structured questionnaire on modifiable risk factors and prevention of renal calculi. The tool was developed in two parts, the part first deal with the 8 questions of demographic variables and the part two consist of 33 knowledge questions on modifiable risk factors and prevention of renal calculi. Results show that out 70 samples, majority of subjects 39(55.7%) was having inadequate knowledge, 31(44.3%) had moderate knowledge and no one have adequate knowledge. Pre-test mean score was 16.07 with 3.82 SD. After administering planned teaching program 25 (35.7%) had adequate knowledge, 41 (58.6%) had moderate knowledge and 04 (5.7%) had inadequate knowledge. The post-test mean score was 23.65 with 4.17 SD with a mean difference of 7.58 as evident from paired ‘t’ value of 11.579 at 69 df at 0.05 level of significance. The chi square depicts that there is no significant association between knowledge of rural community regarding modifiable risk factors and prevention of renal calculi with selected demographic variables. The study was concluded that planned teaching program was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding modifiable risk factors and prevention of renal calculi among selected rural community. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that such type of teaching program should be conducted on time to time for all rural communities who are at higher risk for renal calculi so that they can practice preventive approaches.

Key words: Renal calculi, planned teaching program, modifiable risk factor, Rural.