bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors impacting the price of the gold: an empirical study of EGARCH model
Authors: Cankaya Serkan , Konuklar Murat
Published: February 2024

Purpose- The gold as a fundamental asset has been displaying a high and sharp price volatility in international financial markets. The price dynamics of gold are believed to be influenced by non-linear dependencies with stock market indices, exchange rates, and commodity prices. Therefore, it is rational to examine the factors contributing to the non linear inferences. As a financial asset for the portfolio investment and hedging, gold prices display multilateral and dynamic data patterns this study aims to focus the analysis of price volatility which will contribute to the volatility structure, persistence, and correlated behaviors of gold prices.
Methodology- To display and analyze the persistence level of volatility in the financial markets, a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) specification is employed. GARCH class models are further applied to determine the relevance of the leverage effect of market news, the progress of spillover pattern, and the effects on the risk-premium.
Findings- Volatility in gold price has become an important feature of the financial markets in terms of volatility trading in adjusting the international portfolio investments. The correlated structure of the financial markets and the contagion effects of the news have displayed the asymmetric and complex but time-fragmented portfolio returns in terms of short and long term volatility formation and forecasting.
Conclusion- Since gold’s safe haven status have played a major stake in the determination of the gold price, it is undeniable that the speculators’ rising power, the artificial intelligence utilisation in robo-trading, global and regional geo-political tensions, the recent developments in the risk sentiment in investment portfolios have an increasing amount of influence on gold prices.

Keywords: Gold returns, US Dollar Index, exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, volatility persistence.
JEL Codes: C58, G12, C22, G17
Systematic Literature Review on Self Congruity in Tourism Destination
Authors: Hajar Siti , Nafisah Nia , Wulung Shandra Rama Panji
Published: February 2024

Tourism destination one of the key concepts of the tourism sector. The rapid growth of tourism destination which have grown rapidly in recent years necessitate marketing as an important factor in tourism destination management. One of the important concepts in the literature of marketing and tourist behavior is self-congruity. Many studies have tested and applied the theory of self-congruity in various industries including tourism destinations with mixed results and findings. The purpose of this study is to generate future research directions by identifying the application of self-congruity in tourism destinations over the last five years. This study uses a systematic literature review method to explain self-congruity in tourism destinations through the identification of ten articles. This literature review research reveals the context of tourism destinations, the variables that have been linked and further research on self-congruity in tourism destinations in the ten articles. This research is the basis for developing self-congruity studies for further research. In addition, this research has a role to provide input to tourism destination stakeholders regarding the application of self-congruity in tourism destination.
Gastronomy Game Board Project Based Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Pratiwi Ilma Indriasri , Suwandi Andreas , Khaerani Rijal , Fauzan Hilma Azahra
Published: February 2024

The project-based learning approach is an effort to eliminate student boredom in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Project-based learning or known as project-based learning is learning that trains students to get hands-on experience through learning media that is adapted to the material in the syllabus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the project-based learning model on the evaluation and learning achievement of students in the knowledge of materials, tools and cooking methods class aimed at tourism education students who contracted this course. The data collection method in this study was observational data and surveys using a questionnaire. With 37 questions distributed via google form to 4th semester tourism education students randomly as respondents. The survey results show that there is a strong influence of the project-based learning model on the achievement of lecture learning. It is also known that project-based learning is able to increase student involvement in group work and original thinking in project development carried out during learning.
Development of Gastronomic Tourism Guide Application
Authors: Nabilla Tsara , Turgarini Dewi , Pratiwi Ilma Indriasri
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to identify the needs and desires of gastronomic tourists in Bandung City (to build personalization) to be further compiled as a recommendation for gastronomic tourism in Bandung City which is practical, interactive and advanced by utilizing technology. The method used is research and development. The development procedure refers to the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluations) model. Field data collection used a questionnaire technique which was distributed to 37 gastronomic tourists in Bandung City via Google form. The final result of this research is a gastronomic travel guide mobile application that provides recommendations based on the needs and desires (personalization) of tourists in Bandung City.
Implementation of Productive Learning Innovations in Tourism Vocational Schools
Authors: Suwandi Andreas , Ridwanudin Oce , Pratama Raditya
Published: February 2024

The nation's productivity and competitiveness is one of the keys to the revitalization of vocational high schools currently being implemented in Indonesia. Revitalization of Vocational High Schools can be used as a solution to produce students who are modern, dignified, innovative and creative. This study aims to find out 1) Efforts that have been made by SMK in implementing learning innovations; 2) Implementation of quality-based productive innovative learning innovations at tourism vocational schools in the Greater Bandung area; 3) An innovative learning model that is used to improve the quality of graduates through productive learning at Tourism Vocational Schools. 4) The obstacles to the implementation of graduate quality-based innovative learning found in Tourism Vocational Schools in Bandung Raya. This research is descriptive research, taking place in Tourism Vocational Schools in Bandung Raya. The sample of teachers is productive teachers who are members of the Tourism Vocational High School MGMP in the Tourism Sector of Bandung Raya Regency, totaling 30 teachers. The sample of students is the students of SMK Binawisata Lembang who are taught by one of the MGMP teachers. The instruments used were questionnaires and FGD guidelines. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive results. The results showed that: 1) Not all teachers mastered the 4K concept well; 2) Not all teachers are able to implement 4K in learning; 3) 4K learning based on graduate quality, shows that not all teachers apply quality awareness in both design, implementation and evaluation; 4) the obstacles that teachers feel when learning 4K-based innovation are: integrating 4K into learning, difficulty making syntax, developing learning methods; 5) the obstacles felt by students were that most students stated that it was not so difficult to complete 4K learning tasks. The implementation of graduate quality-based innovation learning with a 4K learning orientation still requires more in-depth study, both through FGDs, class observations and review of lesson plans.
Tourist Motivation to Visit Bumi Langit as a Permaculture Gastronomic Tourist Attraction in Mangunan Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Muntaha Baitul Ma'mur , Kuswardani Rina , Sulasmi Sri
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Bumi Langit is a gastronomic tourism object that applies the concept of permaculture. Permacutur is a concept of integrated and organic agriculture that applies the principle of balance in a sustainable and sustainable way of life. This study aims to apply the concept of miss helix as a component of gastronomic tourism at the Bumi Langit stall as a permaculture gastronomic tourist attraction.The research method used is a qualitative method, while data collection techniques are carried out by interviews, observations, literature studies and documentation studies. From this research, it is expected to be able to arouse the motivation of tourists to return to Warung Bumi Langit because this object is the only tourist attraction that applies the principles of permaculture in Yogyakarta.
SPECIFICS OF USING EIDOTECHNOLOGY DURING THE STUDY OF WORKS BY I. KARPENKO-KARYI IN SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Gymnasium № 153 named after O.S. Pushkin, Kyiv, Kholod G. Ya.
Published: February 2024

The article raises the problem of developing figurative thinking of students in Ukrainian literature, in particular during the study of I. Karpenko-Kary’s works, reveals the features of the use of eidotechnology creativity in students, improvement of their critical thinking, correction of so-called clip thinking, examples of images used by students in their emblems, shortcomings in the selection of images that represent the works by the playwright. The relevance of our chosen topic is the need to use eidotechnology (emblem creation) in the study of Ukrainian literature, including comedies by I. Karpenko-Kary, due to the development of clip thinking in modern students that leads to superficial and fragmentary perception of information, reduced creativity, emergence of alogisms during thinking, problems with the development of critical and figurative thinking. The purpose of the article is to find out the specifics of the use of eidotechnology (creation of an emblem) when studying the works by I. Karpenko-Kary in secondary schools. The object of research is eidotechnology in the study of I. Karpenko-Kary’s work in secondary education institutions. The subject of research the specifics of the use of eidotechnology in the study of the work of I. Karpenko-Kary in secondary education. It is noted that during the creation of emblems to the works of I. Karpenko-Kary in the vast majority of students, who clearly identified the images representing the theme and ideas of dramatic works of the artist, there were no cognitive problems due to genre-style specifics of the information product.
ONIMIZATION AND TRANSONIMIZATION AS WORD-FORMING ACTS IN THE FORMATION OF M. KROPYVNYTSKYI
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Tsilyna М. М.
Published: February 2024

The article considers onomastic word-forming acts in Marko Kropyvnytsky’s drama – onimization, transonymization and onymotransonimization. Onomastic word formation is a specific branch of linguistic cognition, which is still under scientific discussions. The state of study of this question is sharply dissonant with the available and obvious facts of existence of similar word-forming processes, especially in drama. All onyms found in Marko Kropyvnytsky’s works are defined by the term literary onomastic or poetonims. It is necessary to distinguish between poetonims, created by the author himself, and that which is taken to the work of art in, so to speak, the finished form, that is, existed before, but moved to another onomastic class – poetonims. In the second case we are dealing with the phenomena of onimization, transonymization and onymotransonimization. The title name of the luminary of the Ukrainian theater is specific, because the researched propriatives are based not only on individual words and combinations of tokens, but on whole paremic expressions that are onimized by a ready-made phrase set. Transonymization in the work of Marko Kropyvnytsky is presented more often. This process was revealed, first of all, during the transition of anthroponims to the class of poetoanthroponims. Usually the author uses the accepted names, patronims, and comes up with his own surnames, although it is no exception that some surnames also already existed. Therefore, in such cases, transonymization is more about names and patronims. In the context of the studied word-forming processes, the following division of poetonims in M. Kropyvnytsky’s drama is defined: vitopoetonims are the names of living nature objects in artistic contexts, in particular the names of people; topopoetonims – names of geographical objects in artistic contexts; ideopoetonims – ideonims in fiction. In addition to these wordforming acts, there is also a suffixal way of creating names and surnames and phonetic changes in the roots of words are revealed. Although the onomastics of the playwright’s work is not frequent and significant in number, it fully represents not only the known onomastic material, but also purely authorial nomenclature.
Method of synthesis of patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of all-wheel drive agricultural vehicles
Authors: Keller Andrey V. , Popov Andrey V.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: All-wheel drive trucks, capable of interacting with various machines and units, performing operations in off-road conditions and on public roads, are needed for the development of agriculture, which plays an important role in the country’s economy. The experience of their operation at agricultural enterprises shows that current power distribution systems in drivetrains does not consider the full range of factors affecting the motion of vehicles, which decreases the efficiency of their use.
AIM: Development of the method of synthesis of patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of all-wheel drive agricultural trucks.
METHODS: Based on methods of system analysis, multiobjective optimization, regression and correlation analyses, the step-by-step method of synthesis of basic patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of an all-wheel drive car and their adaptation to real driving conditions is proposed. Fundamentals of the study are basic patterns of power distribution, adopted to operation conditions of a all-wheel drive truck.
RESULTS: The method of synthesis of power distribution patterns is considered step-by-step, based on multiobjective optimization. The design and operational factors that set the parameters of traffic on roads of all types and terrain have been established. The basic patterns of power distribution that ensure the efficiency, reliability and safety of a vehicle are revealed. Depending on the functions, all-wheel drive trucks are conditionally divided into 4 groups with their own indicators and performance criteria. Based on the conducted study, 4 optimization problems are formulated.
CONCLUSIONS: The authors have developed the method for determining the patterns of power distribution between the driving wheels of all-wheel drive trucks and their adaptation to traffic conditions. The main stages of the method are: formulation of the optimization problem; computational procedure and determination of basic patterns of power distribution; adaptation of the basic patterns and evaluation of effectiveness of solutions. It is found that it is sufficient to use the differential equations of straight-line motion when simulating the motion of all-wheel drive trucks along the route.
The results of the operational test of a mock-up sample of the tool with an active drive of rotary working bodies with an assessment of agrotechnical indicators
Authors: Kravchenko Ruslan I.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: Modernization aimed to improve the design and to increase the quality of operation of the ring-type working bodies, is possible with changing the design parameters such as the use of ellipsoidal cutting knives mounted on the hub by means of spokes. However, the principle of operation of these working bodies remains poorly understood and requires verification in the field conditions in order to study the qualitative performance indicators to improve surface tillage operations and, consequently, to increase the yield of grain crops further.
AIM: Field testing of the developed mock-up sample of the tool in order to define the compliance of the obtained indicators with the agricultural requirements for pre-sowing and fallow treatment..
METHODS: The field study of the tool and the evaluation of the indicators were carried out in accordance with the GOST 20915-2011 and the ST RK 1559-2006 standards. During the study, the following requirements were met: the depth of soil treatment h = 5…6 cm, angle of attack β = 40°, λ = 0.9...0.96, υ = 9…10 km/h. Qualitative indicators of the tool operation were defined in accordance with the given regulatory documents.
RESULTS: According to the results of the field study, it was found that after the passage of the unit, less than 98.18–98.26% of weeds remain on the field surface. At the same time, in order to prevent the occurrence of wind erosion, about 64.45% of stubble is preserved on the field, while leveling the field surface – the crumbling index is 84.46–83.87% and the ridge of the field surface is 1.41–1.63 cm. The ridges at the bottom of formed furrows are no more than 1.6-1.81 cm. The content of erosion-hazardous particles during surface tillage operations decreased by 4.22–4.43% in comparison with the results before the field study.
CONCLUSIONS: According to the obtained data of operation quality indicators, the use of tools with these working bodies can improve the quality of operation during pre-sowing and fallow treatments.
Diagnostics of hydraulic cylinders of road building machines using hydraulic support
Authors: Miller Alexander P. , Pugin Konstantin G.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: The efficiency of operation of hydroficated machines significantly depends on the availability of modern methods and means of diagnosing machines in general and hydraulic systems in particular. The parameters of hydraulic systems of technological machines that change during operation are evaluated by various diagnostic methods that have certain advantages and disadvantages. The choice of diagnostic methods significantly depends on the type, purpose and operating conditions of hydraulic systems, as well as on the equipment of operational units with diagnostic tools.
AIM: Development of a new method for diagnosing hydraulic cylinders. Application of a hardware diagnostic facility for testing a hydraulic cylinder. Analysis of time-domain graphs of pressure. Identification of main diagnostic indicator characterizing the technical condition of the hydraulic cylinder.
METHODS: The pressure, flow rate and temperature of the working fluid are currently used as diagnostic indicators of technical condition of hydraulic systems as a whole and their individual elements. Changes in these indicators makes it possible to judge the state of the hydraulic system of the construction machine. However, these indicators help to assess the current state and, as a rule, are not enough to assess the remaining service life of hydraulic system elements.
RESULTS: The technical state and remaining service life of hydraulic cylinders can be determined by comparing the angle of pressure increase of the reference hydraulic cylinder and of the tested hydraulic cylinder. With the hydraulic support in the drain line, the angle of pressure increase can serve as a diagnostic parameter when determining the technical state of the hydraulic cylinder, makes it possible to determine the change in its technical state.
CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the fact that with the help of a hardware diagnostic facility used together with the developed diagnostic method, it is possible to assess technical state of the hydraulic cylinder. The proposed method of assessing the technical state helps to evaluate the service life of hydraulic cylinders, both on the bench and during their operation. It helps to decrease the downtime of machines, as well as to decrease costs their maintenance and repair.
Kavuzsuz Arpa Çeşitlerinde Mikro Besin Elementi Uygulamalarının Bazı Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Hakan , İKİNCİKARAKAYA Saime , YÜKSEL Soner
Published: February 2024

Bu araştırma; 2021-2022 üretim sezonunda, Tesadüf Blokları Deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak Ankara koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada tescilli Yalın, Özen ve Osvit kavuzsuz arpa çeşitleri kullanılarak bu çeşitlerin verim ve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ekimle birlikte 2.3 kg saf N ve 6 kg P2O5 (13 kg/da DAP) ve sapa kalkma devresinden önce dekara yaklaşık 6 kg saf N kullanılmış ve süt olum döneminden önce yapraktan mikro element (demir ve çinko) uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme; ana parsellere çeşitler, alt parsellere mikro besin maddesi uygulamaları gelecek şekilde planlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre bin tane ağırlığı ve başakta tane ağırlığı bakımından Yalın çeşidi sırası ile 49,53 ve 1,53 gram ile demir uygulamasına en iyi tepkiyi vermiştir. Protein oranı yönünden ise Osvit çeşidi çinko uygulamasına %16,48 ile en yüksek tepkiyi veren çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Verim yönünden ise çinko+demir uygulaması ile 405 kg/da verim elde edilen Özen çeşidi ilk sırada yer almıştır. Kavuzsuz arpanın kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması amacıyla mikro besin elementi uygulamasının verim ve kalite üzerinde etkili olduğu söylenebilir.
A Study on Freight Forwarder’s Airline Selection Factors and Alternatives Selection
Authors:   Korean Academy Of International Commerce, Inc., Kim Hyun-Joo , Ryu Hee-Chan , Lee Choong-Bae
Published: February 2024

Purpose: As the competition between airlines overheats, the need to provide differentiated and high-quality air services that meet the needs of customers is emerging as a very important factor.
Research design, data, and methodology: T his s tudy d erives t he i mportance a nd priority of freight forwarders' airline selection factors, and compares competitiveness between national airlines and foreign national airlines by employing AHP based on questionnaires collected from freight forwarders. For this study, the variables selected included four factors as higher-level criteria (transport, cost, customer service, and reputation/professional factors) and 16 factors as lower-level criteria from previous studies in the literature.
Results: T his s tudy s hows t hat t he i mportance o f f actors s uch a s c orporate i mage a nd support functions is greater than other factors, whereas freight rates and transportation services ranked high in most of the existing studies. Analyzing the selection alternatives between national airlines and foreign national airlines found that the remaining three factors (excluding the cost factor) showed an average advantage of about 70%, while foreign national airlines had a competitive advantage of only 70% with regard to costs.
Conclusions: This study showed that reputation, expertise, and additional service factors, which are non-essential and additional, are more important in selecting a transportation company than transportation and cost, which are the essential factors in air transportation. The results imply that other factors are given more importance, because the difference in cost factors is not high, or that factors other than cost are given more importance in airline selection, considering the high fares due to COVID-19.
Empirical Analysis of Preferential Tariff Utilization Determinants in the Korea-US FTA: The FTA Barrier Index
Authors:   Korean Academy Of International Commerce, Inc., Kang Soo-Chul , Kim Sung-Ryong
Published: February 2024

Purpose: A regression model is designed to analyze the factors affecting utilization of preferential tariffs in FTAs. In particular, determinants of the utilization rate in Korea-US FTAs are empirically analyzed using the FTA barrier index.
Research design, data, and methodology: This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of FTA utilization based on the research hypothesis that such utilization is determined by costs and benefits. A research model is designed using the FTA barrier index, especially in relation to measuring the strictness of rules of origin as estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model.
Results: The analysis shows that the import utilization rate of the Korea-US FTA is affected positively by increases in import volume and preferential margins, but is affected negatively by increases in import prices.
Conclusions: Clearly, strictness in the rules of origin has a negative impact on FTA utilization.
The Effect of Experienced Customer Incivility on Emotional Exhaustion and Counterproductive Work Behavior
Authors:   Korean Academy Of International Commerce, Inc., Kim Gwi-Ja
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study analyzes the effect of experienced customer incivility on workers’ emotional exhaustion and counterproductive work behavior, as well as the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion, by targeting the hotel industry.
Research design, data, and methodology: Online questionnaires were conducted with hotel workers in Seoul, and 292 valid samples were used for analysis. Empirical simple, multiple, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted.
Results: First, this study shows that experiences with customer incivility increases emotional exhaustion and counterproductive work behavior. Second, emotional exhaustion increases counterproductive work behavior. Third, emotional exhaustion has a mediating effect on experiences with customer incivility and counterproductive work behavior.
Conclusions: The results of this study offer a new direction in ways human resource management and organizational management in the hotel industr y can emphasize the impor tance of experiences with customer incivilit y, emotional exhaustion, and counterproductive work behavior.
Ways to Improve the Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Ports Using AHP Techniques: Focus on the Pohang Yeongilman Port
Authors:   Korean Academy Of International Commerce, Inc., Roh Yoon-Jin
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study derives the factors necessary for the Pohang Yeongilman Port to secure competitiveness as a small or medium-sized port.
Research design, data, and methodology: By conducting AHP and IPA, the model from this study sets the top factors in four areas: specialized port development, port operation efficiency, port hinterland development and strengthening of connections, and activation of marine tourism and water-friendly functions.
Results: Among the top factors, specialized port development was identified as the most important, and results were derived in the following order: development and strengthening of the port hinterland, port operational efficiency, and activation of marine tourism and waterfriendly functions.
Conclusions: All Pohang Yeongilman Port stakeholders recognize the important factors for port development, but perceive low satisfaction with performance.
Incidence and characteristics of breast cancer in patients 40 years of age or younger: a study of a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnefaie Sahar M. , Kanbar Nisreen R. , Alshoura Reem A. , Alhefdhi Amal Y. , Alsobhi Saif S.
Published: February 2024

Background: Breast cancer in young women has a higher mortality rate, can show adverse outcomes, and is more likely to recur after treatment. This study evaluated the incidence and characteristics of breast cancer in female patients 40 years of age or younger.
Methods: This is a descriptive study of 234 patients, 40 years of age or younger, diagnosed with breast cancer in the period January 2010–December 2015.
Results: We included 234 out of 1026 patients (22%) that met our inclusion criteria. At the time of the diagnosis, the mean age of the patients was 34±5 years; 32 (14%) of them had a positive family history of breast cancer, and more than a fifth were found to have advanced stages of the disease. One-third of our patients were hormone receptor (HR)-positive with HER2 negative, 61 (26%) were triple negative, and a total of 98 (42%) of our patients had HER2 overexpression. Lumpectomy was performed for 89 (38%) of them. Recurrence was documented for 40 (17.4%), and approximately half of the patients, 105 (45%), had recurrence in their first two years of diagnosis.
Conclusions: Breast cancer in young patients is a very challenging entity, as they tend to be more aggressive than the older age group. The incidence of breast cancer in female patients younger than 40 is higher than that in Western countries. However, our findings align with regards to their pathology type and hormonal status.
Avaliação das subcapacidades municipais demandadas pela Meta 1 do PNE 2014-2024
Authors: Muylaert Naira , Falciano Bruno Tovar
Published: February 2024

O presente estudo avalia as subcapacidades que os municípios brasileiros precisam ter ou desenvolver a fim de cumprir com a Meta 1 do PNE 2014-2024. Para tanto, utilizou-se metodologia de mensuração de capacidade estatal do campo das ciências políticas, em que foi adotado um modelo de análise para as subcapacidades municipais, com exame das exigências que todas as 17 estratégias dessa meta demandam da gestão pública municipal. Em seguida, verificou-se até que ponto os entes municipais já têm essas habilidades desenvolvidas. O estudo conclui que o modelo de Estado federativo brasileiro coloca inúmeros desafios para a implementação de políticas públicas sociais, em especial as educacionais voltadas para a primeira infância.
A Comparative Study on Civic Consciousness between Pre-service Teachers in Thailand and Korea
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Jeong Moonseong
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the civic consciousness of pre-service teachers in Thailand and Korea to understand the educational culture of each country and to obtain implications for teacher education. As a result, the following results were obtained. First, Thai pre-service teachers considered the advantages of Thailand's education system providing good educational opportunities, and Korea is gaining the effects of good education. The disadvantages were Thailand's unchanging conservative education system and excessive learning, and Korea's entrance exam-oriented education system and simple teaching methods. According to the opinions of prospective teachers, both countries should make efforts to utilize the advantages and improve the disadvantages. Second, in terms of perception of the government and law, Korean pre-service teachers are more obedient to the government's authority than Thai pre-service teachers, and are also obedient to adults, teachers, and parents. On the other hand, Thai pre-service teachers thought that the judicial system was more fair than Korean pre-service teachers. In the case of Korea, the conservative and progressive regimes change frequently, so the results are likely to vary at each point of investigation. This is thought to be the same for Thailand. Third, when it comes to Asian traditional culture and identity, Thai and Korean pre-service teachers showed an attitude of empathy, and Korean pre-service teachers generally emphasized relatively higher morality and mental maturity as citizens. Fourth, when it comes to public services, Korean pre-service teachers were more critical of politicians' morality, corruption of co-authored services, and connectionism than Thai pre-service teachers. Considering the impact of teachers on students' attitudes and behaviors as democratic citizens, it is expected that the two countries will have many implications for the direction of teacher education in relation to democratic civic education if they expand the scope of investigation.
Effects of Early Childhood Teachers’Self-Leadership and Teaching Flow on Job Satisfaction: Focused on Mediating Effects of Social Support
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Ham Eun Hee , Kim Whee Tai
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of early childhood teachers’ self-leadership and teaching flow on their job satisfaction, as well as to discover the mediating effects of social support on job satisfaction. The subjects were 357 early childhood teachers who had been asked four questionnaires. The findings of this study were as follows. First, this study revealed positive correlations among the variables of early childhood teacher’s self-leadership, teaching flow, job satisfaction, and social support. Second, this study showed that there were the effects of self-leadership and teaching flow of early childhood teachers on their job satisfaction. Third, there was a mediating effect of social support on job satisfaction of early childhood teachers based on the relationship of the early childhood teachers’ self-leadership and their teaching flow.
The results of this study signify that self-leadership and teaching flow are important factors to enhance the quality of early childhood education and early childhood teacher’s expertise as well as early childhood teachers’ social support for young children’s development and teacher’s job satisfaction in their experiences.
Regarding the Reservation Integration Policy, A Qualitative Study on the Perceptions and Needs of Early Childhood Teachers: Focused on Linking Infants, Children, and Elementary School Curriculum
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Ji SungHwa
Published: February 2024

This study attempted to provide basic data for the stable realization of the development of the infant, children, and elementary school curriculum through in-depth analysis of the perceptions and demands of early childhood teachers regarding the linkage of the infant, children, and elementary school curriculum within the integrated kindergarten policy. For this purpose, eight teachers who knew about the kindergarten and daycare integration policy and had experience connecting standard childcare courses, Nuri courses, and elementary schools at kindergartens and daycare centers were selected as research subjects. The focus group interview method was applied as a data collection method, and group interviews were conducted for about 2 hours with 4 people in Team A and 4 in Team B. The collected data underwent a process of deriving meaning from the array information organized in tables, and qualitative research validity criteria were used to increase reliability and validity. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that although there was a high awareness of the need for curriculum linkage, a procedure that sufficiently reflects the opinions of early childhood teachers and academics was needed in policy implementation. In addition, there is a need to diagnose the current curriculum and to adopt a mixed operation method of play-centered and teacher-centered methods. In addition, detailed guidelines for teachers should be developed and the teams of the relevant ministries should be integrated accordingly. It was also suggested to utilize various educational media such as artificial intelligence (AI) when developing curriculum.
The Structural Relationship among Disconnection and Rejection Schema, Self-Concept Clarity, Career Belief, and Career Adaptability of Undergraduates
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Roh Yunji , Kim Janghoi , Kim Mijum
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to clarify the structural relationships between college students' perceived disconnection and rejection schema, self-concept clarity, career belief, and career adaptability. In pursuit of this goal, a survey was conducted with 356 college students, and ultimately, data from 349 participants was analyzed. Firstly, the research findings indicate that the structural model fit of college students' perceived disconnection and rejection schema, self-concept clarity, career belief, and career adaptability is satisfactory, suggesting the model's suitability for predicting the structural relationships among variables. Secondly, in relation to college students' career adaptability, self-concept clarity had a negative impact, while career belief had a positive impact. Thirdly, a complete mediating effect of career belief was confirmed in the relationship between perceived disconnection and rejection schema and career adaptability. Additionally, a partial mediating effect of career belief was verified in the relationship between self-concept clarity and career adaptability. Based on these results, the significance of perceived disconnection and rejection schema, self-concept clarity, and career belief for college students' career adaptability was discussed, and future implications for career counseling and education were considered.
Differences in Cognitive, Psychosocial and Career Characteristics between Learned Helplessness Profiles of Middle School and High School Students
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Park Hyesung , Kim Sungyeun
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the learned helplessness profiles of middle and high school students and examine the differences in cognitive, psychosocial and career characteristics based on the derived profiles. For this purpose, data from the 1st year (grade 7) and 4th year (grade 10) of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018) were analyzed. Latent profile analysis revealed three latent groups for middle school students (low helplessness, average helplessness, high helplessness-low motivation) and three latent groups for high school students (low helplessness, helplessness, average helplessness). The group experiencing helplessness above average included 11.3% (n=203) of middle school students, whereas among high school students, the helplessness group accounted for a relatively higher proportion of 26.8% (n=606) compared to middle school students. Examining the differences in cognitive, psychosocial, and career characteristics based on the learned helplessness profiles, both middle and high school students in the high helplessness groups were found to experience difficulty in attention compared to those with average or low helplessness. They also exhibited lower self-esteem, formed maladaptive peer relationships, and encountered difficulties in career adaptation. Practical implications for preventing learned helplessness during adolescence were discussed based on the research findings.
The Nature of AI Ethics Education in the Posthuman Era
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Park Hyu-Yong
Published: February 2024

In light of the development and widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), ethical issues surrounding AI have garnered significant attention in both academia and society. Consequently, this paper explores the theoretical foundations of AI ethics based on posthumanism and seeks to outline directions for AI ethics education. The core research questions of this study are twofold: first, what are the theoretical foundations of posthuman ethics, and second, what are the practical considerations and educational directions for posthuman AI ethics? The key conclusions of this paper can be summarized as follows. Firstly, ethical challenges are increasingly important for AI developers, emphasizing the need to establish supervisory systems that highlight ethical elements and incorporate ethical considerations into algorithm design. Secondly, AI ethics education should encompass not only the ethical attitudes of human users but also the ethical roles of AI itself. Thirdly, fundamental ethical considerations related to societal changes in the posthuman era are essential now and in the future. This paper aims to stimulate discussions in academia and educational settings by providing essential directions for AI ethics and education in anticipation of a future posthuman society.
A Study on the Factors Affecting Self-Esteem for Civic Education
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Lee Kwangsung
Published: February 2024

This study aims to discover what factors affect self-esteem and understand how much they affect it. First, The overall reliability of the 8 discovered factors was confirmed to be 73.2%. Second, the factor of 'balance' showed a high correlation with the sub-factors of self-esteem overall, and the factor of 'leadership' showed a low correlation with the sub-factors of self-esteem overall compared to other factors. Third, the explanatory power of this model was 98.6%. and his model was statistically significant. Fourth, balance was found to be statistically significant and had a larger effect on self-esteem rather than other variables. More importantly, it was found that balance had an overall positive effect on self-esteem. The implications for education through this study are as follows. First, it can be seen that civic virtues are factors that increase self-esteem, and that these variables are highly related to the development of each individual and society. Second, the civic virtues with defining characteristics are independent and affect self-esteem. Lastly, since this study was conducted with a focus on a specific region and subject, it is difficult to generalize the results unconditionally. Therefore, it is expected that follow-up studies targeting various regions and generations will continue.
The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals
Authors: Hernández Romero Karla , Vera-Cossio Diego A. , Hoffmann Bridget , Pecha Camilo
Published: February 2024

The push for adopting digital modes of payment rests on three promises: increased efficiency of transactions, increased financial inclusion, and improvements in the financial well-being of low-income individuals. We experimentally test the extent to which these promises are fulfilled. We exploit the random assignment into an intervention to encourage direct deposits of recurrent government benefits into digital bank accounts in Colombia. Switching from cash to direct deposits reduces disbursement errors and increases access to benefits among eligible beneficiaries. It also increases the ownership of bank accounts, the demand for formal loans, and loan take-up among individuals without a financial history. However, we do not find evidence of improvements in financial well-being across any of our metrics.
Smart Spending for Health: Social Protection and Health Division Regional Policy Dialogue Report 2023
Authors: Góngora Pamela , Distrutti Marcela , Giedion Úrsula , Bauhoff Sebastian , Castro Sofia , Méndez Florencia Magdalena , Chávez Mariángela
Published: February 2024

The "Smart Spending for Health" Regional Policy Dialogue, hosted by the IDB's Social Protection and Health Department in Washington D.C. from October 2-4, brought together more than 120 leaders to address the efficiency of health spending in Latin America and the Caribbean. In the face of fiscal constraints and increasing demands, the Dialogue highlighted the strategic allocation of health resources as a way to achieve health goals within existing budgets. With a focus on fostering collaboration between ministries of finance and health, the event navigated through optimizing spending on primary health care, health networks, hospitals and pharmaceuticals. This report summarizes the presentations and dialogues from the event, providing guidance for informed health policy development towards Universal Health Coverage.
Temperature Dependant Bandgap Tuning of GaAs, AlAs, InAs, and InP Binaries Grown on different Substrates
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Kattayat Sandhya , Kumar Kuldeep , Singh Jasgurpreet , Tiwari K. P. , Alvi P. A.
Published: February 2024

This article carries out the temperature-dependent study of the band structures of bulk binaries such as AlAs, GaAs, InAs, and InP grown on different substrates thus showing the combined effect of substrate and temperature on the bandgaps of the binary systems under study. For the calculations of the band structures of the binary systems grown on different substrates, the k.p technique has been used. The results have been analyzed successfully. For all the binaries, it has been found that the bandgap is reduced with increasing temperature but the rate of reduction with temperature is different for dissimilar substrates. The outcomes of the calculations for the band structures of binaries grown on lattice-matched and unmatched substrates are very useful for understanding of device performance.
Incorporating Copper and Carbon Nanotube Nanoparticles into Phase Change Materials for Enhanced Thermal Management in Batteries
Authors: Dandotiya Devendra , Joshi Anand K. , Kakati Pallabi , J. Sudharshan
Published: February 2024

The primary objective of this study was to explore the impact of integrating nano-additives on heat transfer enhancement within an LHTES (Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage) system. Our findings revealed that introducing a minimal amount of nano-materials (less than 5.0 vol%) into the Phase Change Material (PCM) led to a remarkable alignment between experimental correlations and mixture models. Furthermore, employing the mixing model allowed for the accurate prediction of outcomes. In the current context of scientific research, there is a strong endorsement for the widespread adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as a sustainable alternative to Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs), crucial for advancing decarbonization and mitigating climate-related crises. Lithium-ion batteries are the predominant choice for EVs and various electrical devices. However, the operational challenges posed by high temperatures, impacting their lifespan, charge/discharge cycles, and the risk of thermal runaway, necessitate effective thermal management systems. Given this background, our study focuses on simulating the heat dissipation of a single cylindrical Li-ion battery cell employing a Nano-enhanced Phase Change Material (NePCM)-based cooling system. We also introduce a novel fin design in this work. Through comprehensive analysis, we examine the performance of battery modules utilizing PCM and NePCM at different discharge rates, both with and without the newly proposed fin design. Our research demonstrates that the incorporation of fins and nanoparticles into PCM significantly enhances heat transfer and reduces the charging time compared to the base PCM. Notably, carbon-based nanoparticles outshine their metal-based counterparts in terms of melting rate and maintaining a uniform temperature profile within the battery.
Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Mining Applications – A Review
Authors: Ambekar Rupalee S. , R. M. Holmukhe  , Ambekar Shrinivas
Published: February 2024

The features of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) makes it suitable for mining applications such as copper mining, mining floating machine, mining scraper conveyor, mine integrated machine, mining vacuum circuit breaker, mineral extraction in mines, coal mine belt conveyor system, mining truck and many more. This study focuses on performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor for mining applications and performance analysis is the confirmation and analysis of parameters, various losses and efficiency at various loads. A comparative analysis of wound rotor synchronous motor, induction motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor confirmed the suitability of PMSM for various mining applications. Advanced technology of artificial intelligence integrated with permanent magnet synchronous motor also enhances the effectiveness and precision of the system.