bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there any Correlation between Knowledge Level, Health Protective Practice, and Depression among Physiotherapists Working in Intensive Care Units?
Authors: . Manisha , Bhowmik Sunanda
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The correlation between knowledge level, healthprotective practice, and depression among physiotherapists in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is a significant area of inquiry. Understanding this relationship is vital for optimising healthcare delivery and ensuring the well-being of healthcare professionals. This study aims to explore the interplay between these variables to enhance support mechanisms and improve overall ICU working conditions. Aim: To examine the correlation between, the level of healthprotective practices, depression, and knowledge level among physiotherapists working in ICU. Materials and Methods: The material required includes, good network service, and an online Google form. Circulate the Google form and complete the data collection within 3 to 4 days which includes 18 questions and then go for the data analysis for the same. The participants were identified from different medical hospitals equipped with ICUs, and an online survey was done to assess their knowledge levels, health-protective practices, and depression levels. Hundred forty-eight Physiotherapists working in ICUs aged between 20-40 years. Results: There were 54% of physiotherapists had >15 days posting duration 46% of physiotherapists had <15 days posting duration 64% had a high knowledge level of ICU training. 61.78% of physiotherapists suffered from depression. A total of 94.28% of physiotherapists used health-protective practices in work life. Conclusion: The study concludes female physiotherapists had very high knowledge levels of ICU training and most of them suffered from depression. Females are more affected in comparison with the male.
Development of Self-administrative Questionnaire to Check Effect of Menstrual Cycle on Physical Activity
Authors: Toor Dilrose Kaur , Saha Joydip
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The menstrual cycle is a crucial biological rhythm typically lasting 21 to 35 days, averaging 28 days, is vital for female athletes. Increasingly, women in sports are recognising menstrual cycle impact on performance due to hormonal fluctuations. Sensitivity to these changes varies, potentially affecting exercise tolerance and energy levels during training and competition. Recognising these dynamics is crucial in physiotherapy to optimise athletic performance with tailored interventions, considering the menstrual cycle’s impact on the female body. Aim: To develop a questionnaire to examine the influence of the menstrual cycle on physical activity. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the impact of the menstrual cycle on physical activity, a self-administrative questionnaire was formulated in three stages: establishing the questionnaire’s scope through reviewing literature, determining questionnaire components by consulting participants and experts feedback, and verifying its content validity with the input of eight experts using Delphi method. These eight physiotherapy experts are serving as assistant and associate professors at various universities in India, contributed to this validation process. Results: Newly developed questionnaire has content validity index of 0.98 for all the items included. Conclusion: This questionnaire is a valid tool for assessing the impact of menstrual cycle phases on physical activity of young adult.
Questionnaire to Assess the Influence of Short-form Videos on University Students’ Attention Span and Concentration: Development and Content Validation
Authors: Malhotra Shashank , Pattnaik Sandeep
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The attention span and concentration of students are often hypothesised to be influenced by the addiction to Short-Form Videos (SFVs). Although the idea about such impact of SFVs has suddenly boomed across the globe, the earlier literature lacks a valid self-administered questionnaire to assess people’s perceptions of the impact of SFVs on their attention span and concentration. Aim: To develop and validate a survey questionnaire that can be used to assess the impact of addiction to SFVs browsing on the attention span and concentration of university students. Materials and Methods: The study describes two phases of questionnaire development and its validation. At first, an extensive literature review was conducted to frame the 26-item survey questionnaire. For content validation in the second phase, a panel of 8 experts, including physiotherapists, psychologists and psychiatrists who specialise in neuro-psychological rehabilitation with a minimum of 5 years of relevant experience was formed. After giving their consent, they were asked to validate the Google Forms questionnaire. Results: The Content Validation Index (CVI) was used to quantitatively assess the questionnaire’s content validity. The I-CVI score was calculated to be 0.94 (>0.83), thus suggesting excellent content validity. Conclusion: This study successfully developed and validated a survey questionnaire with strong assessment attributes, that offers a valuable tool for researchers investigating the relationship between SFVs use and students’ cognitive abilities, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the potential influence of these popular media platforms on academic performance.
Exploring the Efficacy of Ultrasonic Therapy for Ankle Sprains: A Narrative Review
Authors: . Sejal , Sharma Sunita
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Ankle sprains are musculoskeletal ailments resulting in discomfort, oedema, and functional impairment. Ultrasound has been used extensively to treat a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions including ankle sprains by reducing pain, swelling and improving joint motion. Aim: To determine if ultrasonic therapy is effective in alleviating the symptoms of ankle sprain. Materials and Methods: We started by looking through the databases, which included Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus and as per the inclusion criteria. A total of 7 articles were reviewed out of which there were 3 RCTs, 2 case series assessing ultrasonic treatment for ankle sprains, investigations examining pain severity, and 2 systematic reviews were all considered. Results: The outcomes showed conflicting results. Following ultrasonic treatment intervention, limited studies found significant improvements in pain relief and swelling reduction however, others in majority did not discover any appreciable variations. It is possible that differences in treatment parameters, like the frequency and intensity of ultrasonic therapy, played a role in the inconsistent study results. Conclusion: Ultrasonic therapy appears to be a supplementary treatment option for ankle sprains but it is less effective. Clinicians can maximise the therapeutic potential of ultrasound to improve functional outcomes and speed up recovery for patients by clarifying the treatment parameters.
Optimising Navicular Height: A Narrative Review of Physiotherapy Interventions Focused on the Medial Longitudinal Arch
Authors: Bohra Ruchi , Chatterjee Subhashish , Saha Mousumi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA), specifically the navicular height, is vital for foot biomechanics and overall lower limb function. Physiotherapy interventions focused on improving Navicular Height (NVH) are important for foot health and movement efficiency. This review aims to examine different physiotherapy methods which enhance navicular height, providing insights into their effectiveness and clinical significance. This understanding is crucial for clinicians looking for evidence-based techniques to manage foot-related issues and enhance patient well-being. Aim: To evaluate and synthesise existing literature on physiotherapy interventions targeting the medial longitudinal arch with the goal of optimising navicular height. Materials and Methods: A literature search using electronic databases (Google Scholar and PubMed) identified relevant articles on medial longitudinal arch, navicular height, and physiotherapy intervention, including randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series. Results: Using key terms found a total article 1567 on MLA and NV height which 13 articles (7 Experimental studies, 2 cross-sectional studies, 2 reviews, and 1 case study) included Interventions like strengthening exercises, stretching techniques, orthotic support, and manual therapy have shown promising results in enhancing NV height and improving foot functions. Conclusion: This study examines the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in modifying MLA and NV height, identifying gaps, and improving foot biomechanics and function, with multi-modal approaches tailored to individual needs potentially achieving optimal outcomes in managing foot pathologies, and suggesting future research directions for foot deformity management.
Recent Physiotherapy Management of Peripheral Vascular Disease: A Review
Authors: . Purvanshi , Jangra Mandeep K , Saxena Akanksha
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Peripheral vascular disease commonly called Varicose vein and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) are abnormal conditions affecting 20% to 40% of adults, causing venous dilatation and twisting in the legs. These veins are caused by valve malfunctions in the great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, and perforator vein artery. Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis are major causes of morbidity and death. Factors like obesity, inactivity, hormonal changes, smoking, constipation, and prolonged standing can weaken veins. Aim: To known the efficacy of physiotherapy treatment in peripheral vascular disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 articles were analysed from various databases PubMed, Google Scholar focus on physiotherapy treatment of Peripheral vascular disease. Results: The review of articles on physiotherapy for Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) reveals promising strategies for pain reduction and symptom management. Techniques like Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Hydrotherapy show efficacy in improving venous blood flow and alleviating discomfort. Additionally, exercises, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and therapeutic ultrasound exhibit positive outcomes. Strengthening calf muscles emerges as a key approach for managing varicose veins. Overall, physiotherapy offers diverse interventions to improve symptoms and enhance venous function in PVD patients. Conclusion: Advanced physiotherapy modalities and techniques offer a multifaceted approach to rehabilitation and pain management across various conditions and populations. Electrotherapy modalities such as Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and Low Intensity Laser Therapy (LILT) provide effective pain relief, while manual therapy techniques like joint mobilisations and myofascial release restore mobility and function.
Evaluation of Psychometric Properties across Translated Variants of the Tinetti Performance-oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) Scale: A Narrative Review
Authors: Singh Sukhpal , Sharma Nidhi , Kaur Simranjeet
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The Tinetti POMA Scale evaluates balance and gait in the elderly. It’s commonly used by healthcare professionals who work with the elderly and those with neurological disabilities. Each component is scored separately, with higher scores indicating better balance and gait function. The overall score ranges from 0 to 28. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties across different translated variants of the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) scale. Materials and Methods: Authors searched electronic databases from inception to March 2024, including studies on translation procedures, validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the scale in non-english languages. We assessed quality using predetermined standards. Results: A total of four studies met the inclusion criteria, it was found that the Korean adaptation of the Tinetti mobility test exhibited superior psychometric properties compared to the Turkish, Persian, and Gujarati versions. The test demonstrated a strong level of concurrent validity, displaying a negative correlation to the 10-meter walk test and the TUG test, while displaying a positive correlation to the BBS. Additionally, the Tinetti balance and gait scale showed high levels of test-retest, internal consistency, intra-rater, and interrater reliability. The gait and balance sensitivity and specificity were also found to be high. Conclusion: The study found that translated versions of Tinetti POMA are reliable, valid, and sensitive. Hence, they are suitable for use in the target population or language group. This supports the use of Tinetti POMA in clinical practice and research across different linguistic and cultural settings.
Content Analysis of Farm Magazine ‘Vigiyanik Pashu Palan’: A Study
Authors: Sekhon Simranpal Singh , Sharma R.K , Kasrija Rajesh , Singh Yashpal , Singh Jaswinder
Published: September 2024

The present study was conducted to quantitatively analyze the contents published in Vigiyanak Pashu Palan (VPP), the monthly Punjabi magazine of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, during Time Period I (2008-2010), Time Period II (2014-2016) and Time Period III (2020-2022). A total of 105 monthly issues were selected. The study revealed that the mean number of articles per issue stood at 11.65 ± 1.98, occupying an average space of 25.93 ± 5.04 pages (72.03%). The average number of advertisements per issue was 3.77 ± 2.37, encompassing 2.28 ± 1.91 pages (6.33%). The articles published in VPP were mostly related to animal health (25.3%), their format being essay type (92%), authored by two experts (75.6%) mostly designated as Teachers (58.9%). The majority of articles (77.7%) focused on a single species, while 18.5 percent did not cover any livestock species. A major focus was on bovine species, appearing in 46.8 percent of articles. The average article length was 2.23 ± 0.84pages. Articles typically comprised of 8.29 ± 4.20 paragraphs, 127.77 ± 65.18 lines, 49.37 ± 24.10 sentences, and 890.27 ± 687.22 words, with an average of 2.66 ± 1.56 technical words in each article. Additionally, articles included an average of 2.26 ± 3.29 pictures, figures, or illustrations. The average readability index of VPP was 9.26 ± 10.37 suggesting that 9th or 10th standard students can read it with fair understanding. The present study suggests that Vigyanak Pashu Palan magazine has consistently served as a crucial medium for transferring veterinary extension education and innovative agricultural technologies to livestock farmers in Punjab and adjacent area.
Potential of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Lannea microcarpa’s Fruit on Oxidative Stress Induced Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tueguem Geradin Joel Tagne , Doungue Hermine Tsafack , Piankeu Aurelie Dahlia Yemeli , Djenguemtar Josias , Kemtsop Michel Pegui , Kengne Anne Pascale Nouemsi , Gatsing Donatien
Published: September 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease affecting about 33 million of people worldwide, with no efficient cure so far. Many studies have reported oxidative stress (OS) as an important factor involved in AD physiopathology. The imbalance between the production of prooxidants and antioxidant defense mechanisms, favours an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which bring about brain cell impairment and nerve impulse transmission disruption, leading to memory loss. This work was aimed at evaluating the neuroprotective activity of Lannea microcarpa’s fruit on oxidative stress induced Alzheimer’s disease rat model.
Method: Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents, and antioxidant activity using DPPH scavenging and FRAP tests; were determined in the fruit extract. 28 female rats of 6 months were used. AlCl3 at 10 mg/kg was administered four times per week by intraperitoneal injection during 7 weeks. Morris water maze and eight arms radial maze tests were performed to assess animal behaviour. Total proteins, catalase activity, malondialdehyde, nitrite, reduced glutathione, and acetylcholinesterase activity were determined. Brain histopathological analysis was also performed.
Results: The quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites revealed the presence of phenols (40.961 ± 0.003 mg GAE/g extract), flavonoids (22.381 ± 0.003 mg CE/g extract), and tannins (10.64 ± 0.16 mg TAE/g extract) in the extract. Antioxidant activity was determined by the capacity to scavenge DPPH radical (94.739 ± 0.207 %), and to reduce ferric ion (0.894 ± 0.036 mmol Fe2+/ g extract). The administration of Lannea microcarpa’s fruit extract to rats decreased the escape latency in the Morris water maze, and the time to visit the maze’s arms in the eight arms radial maze (EARM). It also increased catalase activity; but lowered malondialdehyde, nitrite and acetylcholinesterase activity, and prevented lesions in the brain.
Conclusion: The fruit’s extract showed a significant effect on oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase actitivity. Lannea microcarpa’s fruit could therefore be targeted as neuroprotective regarding its anti-acetylcholinesterase property.
Classification of Lung Cancer Using SVM with Feature Selection Based on PSO-ROC
Authors: Sivakumar S.
Published: September 2024

The global issue of lung cancer has grown to be very serious. Using machine learning to classify lung cancer is one method. The challenges in this study are how to apply Particle Swarm Optimization rate of change (PSO-ROC) as a feature selection method and support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier in the context of lung cancer classification; how to compare the accuracy values and running times between SVM without first reducing or selecting the features, SVM with PSO feature selection, and SVM with SVM with PSO-ROC feature selection in the context of lung cancer classification. The purpose of this work is to use SVM with feature selection based on the PSO-ROC algorithm to classify lung cancer. Three methods of classification were used in this study: first, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification without feature reduction or feature selection; second, SVM and PSO feature selection method; and third, SVM and PSO -ROC feature selection. There are two categories for cancer: malignant and non-cancerous. The findings of this study should help the medical community categorize cancer more quickly and accurately, especially lung cancer. The PSO-ROC based feature selection selects limited number of attributes and yields high classification accuracy compare to others.
Genomic Investigation of bla-PAO and bla-OXA50 in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Samples in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Omotunde Nimotalahi , Akingbade Olusola Abiodun , Motayo Babatunde O. , Akinduti Paul A. , Adeyemo Waliu Alabi , Adebanjo Habibah Abosede
Published: September 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the pathogens of human concern with high intrinsic multi-drug resistance capabilities. The genomic investigation of blaPAO and blaOXA-50 was done on multi drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were also resistant to carbapenem among the isolates collected from a total of 128 clinical samples in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from pure culture, and profiled for antibiogram by disc diffusion method. Genomic DNA from isolates were typed for blaPAO and blaOXA-50 with PCR. A total of 75 samples (58.6%) yielded the growth of bacterial isolates. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (18.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.8%), Streptococcus pnuemoniae (3.1%), Proteus mirabilis (2.3%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (1.6%). Only ten (30%) isolates were confirmed to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Out of these ten multidrug Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, only three (30%) were resistant to carbapenems. Only two of these isolates expressed blaOXA-50 and blaPAO, while one possessed only blaPAO. Close Continuous monitoring of these antibiotic-resistant pathogens and hospital surveillance needs to be adopted to reduce their spread to other healthcare facilities.
The Impact of Nano-fertilizers on Growth-attributing Characteristics in Transplanted Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Mandeep , Khan Naushad , Siddqui M.Z. , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Kaushal , Kumar Anil , Maurya Shravan Kumar , Maurya Durgesh Kumar , Verma Shikhar
Published: September 2024

The experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 and 2023 at Students’ Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur- 208002 (U.P.) India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. 13 treatments viz, T1- Control, T2-50 % RDN, T3-50% RDN+ Nano Urea, T4-75% RDN, T5-75% RDN + Nano Urea, T6-100% RDN, T7-100% RDN + Nano Urea, T8-50% RDN + Nano Zinc, T9-50% RDN + Nano Urea + Nano Zinc, T10-75% RDN + Nano Zinc, T11-75% RDN + Nano Urea + Nano Zinc, T12-100% RDN + Nano Zinc and T13-100% RDN + Nano Urea + Nano Zinc. Higher growth attributing characters such as higher plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index at different crop stages along with maximum grain yield were recorded with application of 100% RDN + Nano Urea + Nano Zinc and over Control, 50 % RDN, 50% RDN+ Nano Urea, 75% RDN, 75% RDN + Nano Urea, 100% RDN, 50% RDN + Nano Zinc and 75% RDN + Nano Zinc in transplanted Kharif rice.
Impact of Sowing Methods, Weed Management, and Growth Promoters on the Economics and Nutrient Dynamics of Kharif Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Bhayankar  , Pyare Ram , Kumar Sanjiv , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Shailendra Pratap , Kumar Dhirendra , Deepu  , Bagri Janardan Prasad , Kumar Shravan
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out during two consecutive kharif season in the year 2022 and 2023 at the Students Instructional Farm in the Department of Agronomy of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P). The experiment was laid-out in a split plot design. Sowing methods was done in the main plots and weed management practices in the sub plots along-with growth promoters in three replications. There were two sowing methods viz; Conventional methods (S1) and Ridge methods (S2). Whereas weed management practices were five; Weed Free (W1), Weedy Check (W2), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 1.25 Kg /ha (W3), Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 65g a.i./ha (W4), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 0.75 l/ha + Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 35g ai./ha  (W5). and there was Growth promoters’ practices were three viz; Gibberellic acid (Sayish) (G1), Amino acid + Humic acid (Spring ever) (G2), Cytokinins + Enzymes (Ambition) (G3).   Sowing was done on the 10th and 13th of July during 2022 and 2023, respectively using hybrid maize DKC-9144. The crop was harvested at full ripe stage on 11 October and 14 October, in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The best results in economics of various treatments and available nutrients in soil was observed under S2 (Ridge method) treatment in case of sowing methods, W2 (weed free) treatment in weed control practices and G3 (Cytokinins + Enzymes) in plant growth promoter.
Vaccination Hesitancy and Zero-Dose Children in Borno State, Nigeria: Comparative Analysis of Urban Priority and Non-priority LGAs and their Implications for Immunization Coverage
Authors: HASSAN Saidu Malgwi , OKOLI Ernest Chinedu , AZIKE Chidimma Anthonia , OKOYE Nelyn Akunna
Published: September 2024

Background: This study delves into the multifaceted landscape of childhood immunization within urban settings, focusing on vaccine refusal, non-compliance (including partial compliance or defaulter households), and their impacts on immunization coverage. The research, conducted as a case study in communities situated in both Zero-Dose priority LGAs (Local Government Areas) of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC) and Jere and non-priority LGAs of Konduga and Mafa in Borno State, aims to comprehensively understand the perspectives shaping immunization decisions.
Methods: The method involves an extensive quantitative analysis of socio-demographic factors, electronic media ownership, and parental characteristics. Data were collected through household surveys collected from 173 participants, analyzing vaccination records, and assessing immunization coverage rates for period of twelve months. Statistical methods, including chi-square tests, are utilized to explore relationships between settlement types, parental levels of education, and vaccine-related behaviors.
Results: Results indicate significant associations between vaccine refusal, non-compliance, and specific socio-demographic factors. Parental education levels and the gender of the household head emerge as pivotal determinants impacting immunization status and vaccination card retention. Electronic media ownership, particularly radios and handsets, is identified as potential channels for targeted health communication strategies.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for tailored, context-specific interventions to enhance immunization coverage, awareness, and acceptance in urban settings. By addressing educational disparities, gender dynamics, and settlement-specific challenges, the study aims to contribute to the development of effective strategies in achieving comprehensive immunization coverage and mitigating the risks associated with vaccine refusal and non-compliance. Ultimately, this research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of childhood immunization, informing public health policies and interventions in the specified LGAs of Borno State.
Response of Kharif Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Different Nitrogen Management Practices
Authors: Mishra Nutan , Sar Koushik , Mahapatra Sweta Shikta , Mohapatra Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Siksha “O” Anusandhan University Bhubaneswar during kharif season 2022 in a well-drained sandy loam soil to study the effect of nutrient management practices on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of rice under different organic and inorganic nutrient management practices. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with ten set of treatments viz. T1: 75%RDN, T2: 100% RDN, T3: 125%RDN ,T4: 50% N of T1 as urea+50% N through FYM,T5:50%N of T1 as urea+50% N through NOC, T6: 50%N of T2 as urea+50% N through FYM, T7:50%N of T2 as urea+50% N through NOC, T8: 50%N of T3 as urea+50% N through FYM, T9:50%N of T3 as urea+50% N through NOC, and T10: Farmer’s Practice (80:40:40 kg NPK/ha+ FYM 5 t/ha) and replicated thrice. Results revealed that maximum plant height, number of tillers per m2 and dry matter production/m2 was recorded with treatment T6 (50% N of T2 as urea+50% N through FYM) at harvest. The highest grain yield along with high yield attributing characters like panicle/m2 filled grains/panicle and test weight was recorded with application of T6 (50% N of T2 as urea +50% N through FYM) than all other treatments. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was recorded highest under the treatment T6 (Application of 50% N of T2 as urea + 50 % N through FYM.
Influence of Sowing Methods and Phosphorus Levels on Growth, Yield and Economic Returns of Summer Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Dhiman Sunidhi , Meena Hemraj
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2023-24 at the Agricultural Research Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab to study the “Effect of sowing methods and phosphorus levels on growth, yield and economic returns of summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)”. The experiment consisted of nine treatment combinations with methods of sowing (Flat, Ridge and Bed sowing) and three phosphorus levels (30, 40 and 50 kg/ha P2O5) were tested in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results indicated that the crop responded significantly to sowing methods and phosphorus in respect  of growth, yield and economics such as plant height (cm), number of nodules/plant, number of branches, dry matter accumulation/plant (g/m²) and yield characteristics viz., number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, test weight (g), seed yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha), harvest index (%), net return (₨/ha) and B:C ratio. In the combination of sowing methods and phosphorus, all the parameters were significant by influence. The combination of Bed sowing + 50 kg/ha P2O5 treatment had the highest values for growth characteristics, yield characteristics and also performed economically well as compared to other treatments.
Trade Openness and Digital Technologies in African and Non- African Countries
Authors: Fred EKA
Published: September 2024

Aims: The main objective of this paper is to examine whether digital technologies explain the differences in the achievement of trade openness between Africa and other parts of the world.
Methodology: Using OLS and two-stage instrumental variables (IV-2SLS) methods with data from 117 countries.
Results: Sub-Saharan African countries are less advanced in terms of trade openness than the rest of the sub-region (South Asia; North America; Latin America and the Caribbean; East Asia and the Pacific; and the Middle East and North Africa). In fact, imports of digital tools into African countries are still low due to customs duties on these products. the low use of ICT tools in African countries can be explained by subscription costs (internet), which remain very high in the region compared to developed countries.
Conclusion: African countries speed up the digital transformation of their economies, such as the digitization of information and customs procedures. It would also be a good idea to speed up the roll-out of fiber optics and improve access to electricity to connect people and cities in African countries, which would considerably reduce the cost of doing business on the continent.
Literacy Level and Land Usage by Dairy Farmers in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bachan Shiv , Pal R.K. , Anand K.B.
Published: September 2024

The present study explores about literacy level and land usage by Dairy Farmers in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India. Uttar Pradesh has 1st rank of milk production in India and account for about 25.70 million tones or about 18% contribute in total milk production of India.Uttar Pradesh has 1st rank of milk production in India and account for about 25.70 million tones or about 18% contribute in total milk production of India. Almost all of this is produced by individual households containing of small, marginal farmers and landless group of families occupied in rearing of milch stock (1 to 3 cows/buffaloes per family) as a side business or main activity for their livelihood. 6.67 percent increasing rate of milk production in the financial year 2019. The milk productivity per animal unit is very low compared to other major milk producing states of the country. Overall resumes indicate that the medium dairy owners, had land (7.15%) under fodder crops in urban areas in urban areas.
Retrieval of the P wave reflectivity response from autocorrelation of seismic noise: Jakarta Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Saygin Erdinc , Cummins Phil R. , Lumley David
Published: January 2017

We autocorrelate the continuously recorded seismic wavefield across a dense network of seismometers to map the P wave reflectivity response of the Jakarta Basin, Indonesia. The proximity of this mega city to known active faults and the subduction of the Australian plate, especially when the predominance of masonry construction and thick sedimentary basin fill are considered, suggests that it is a hot spot for seismic risk. In order to understand the type of ground motion that earthquakes might cause in the basin, it is essential to obtain reliable information on its seismic velocity structure. The body wave reflections are sensitive to the sharp velocity contrasts, which makes them useful in seismic imaging. Results show autocorrelograms at different seismic stations with reflected‐wave travel time variations, which reflect the variation in basement depth across the thick sedimentary basin. We also confirm the validity of the observed autocorrelation waveforms by conducting a 2‐D full waveform modeling.
Limited true polar wander as evidence that Earth's nonhydrostatic shape is persistently triaxial
Authors: Steinberger Bernhard , Seidel Miriam‐Lisanne , Torsvik Trond H.
Published: January 2017

Earth's spin axis follows the maximum moment of inertia axis of mantle convection, with some delay due to adjustment of the rotational bulge. Here we compute this axis for geodynamic models based on subduction history, assuming constant slab sinking speed, with another contribution due to thermochemical piles. For a wide range of parameters, a large shift of ≈90° is predicted around 80–90 Ma. It can be largely attributed to a change in circum‐Pacific subduction from predominantly in the North and South toward East and West. Actual amounts of true polar wander are much smaller, pointing toward additional inertia tensor contributions, possibly due to slabs in the lowermost mantle below both polar regions. These slabs would have been subducted before ≈150 Ma, when plate motions in the Panthalassa basin are largely unknown. Matching predicted and observed true polar wander can serve at constraining such plate motions.
Evidence of coupling in ocean‐atmosphere dynamics over the North Atlantic
Authors: Vannitsem Stéphane , Ghil Michael
Published: January 2017

Coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere is investigated in reanalysis data sets. Projecting the data sets onto a dynamically defined subspace allows one to isolate the dominant modes of variability of the coupled system. This coupled projection is then analyzed using multichannel singular spectrum analysis. The results suggest that a dominant low‐frequency signal with a 25–30 year period already mentioned in the literature is a common mode of variability of the atmosphere and the ocean. A new score for evaluating the internal nature of the common variability is then introduced, and it confirms the presence of coupled dynamics in the ocean‐atmosphere system that impacts the atmosphere at large scale. The physical nature of this coupled dynamics is then discussed.
Modulation of air‐sea fluxes by extratropical planetary waves and its impact during the recent surface warming slowdown
Authors: Molteni Franco , Farneti Riccardo , Kucharski Fred , Stockdale Timothy N.
Published: January 2017

It is widely accepted that natural decadal variability played a major role in the slowdown in global warming observed in the 21st century, with sea surface cooling in the tropical Pacific recognized as a major contributor. However, the warming pause was most pronounced during boreal winter, with Northern Hemisphere flow anomalies also playing a role. Here we quantify the contribution of extratropical heat exchanges by comparing geopotential and temperature anomalies simulated by ensembles of seasonal forecasts with similar ocean temperature but different heat fluxes north of 40°N, as a result of planetary wave variability. We show that an important part of heat flux anomalies is associated with decadal variations in the phase of a specific planetary wave pattern. In model simulations covering the last three decades, this variability pattern accounts for a decrease of 0.35°C/decade in the post‐1998 wintertime temperature trend over northern continents.
Nonlinear ionospheric responses to large‐amplitude infrasonic‐acoustic waves generated by undersea earthquakes
Authors: Zettergren M. D. , Snively J. B. , Komjathy A. , Verkhoglyadova O. P.
Published: January 2017

Numerical models of ionospheric coupling with the neutral atmosphere are used to investigate perturbations of plasma density, vertically integrated total electron content (TEC), neutral velocity, and neutral temperature associated with large‐amplitude acoustic waves generated by the initial ocean surface displacements from strong undersea earthquakes. A simplified source model for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is constructed from estimates of initial ocean surface responses to approximate the vertical motions over realistic spatial and temporal scales. Resulting TEC perturbations from modeling case studies appear consistent with observational data, reproducing pronounced TEC depletions which are shown to be a consequence of the impacts of nonlinear, dissipating acoustic waves. Thermospheric acoustic compressional velocities are ∼±250–300 m/s, superposed with downward flows of similar amplitudes, and temperature perturbations are ∼300 K, while the dominant wave periodicity in the thermosphere is ∼3–4 min. Results capture acoustic wave processes including reflection, onset of resonance, and nonlinear steepening and dissipation—ultimately leading to the formation of ionospheric TEC depletions “holes”—that are consistent with reported observations. Three additional simulations illustrate the dependence of atmospheric acoustic wave and subsequent ionospheric responses on the surface displacement amplitude, which is varied from the Tohoku case study by factors of 1/100, 1/10, and 2. Collectively, results suggest that TEC depletions may only accompany very‐large amplitude thermospheric acoustic waves necessary to induce a nonlinear response, here with saturated compressional velocities ∼200–250 m/s generated by sea surface displacements exceeding ∼1 m occurring over a 3 min time period.
On the occurrence of magnetic reconnection equatorward of the cusps at the Earth's magnetopause during northward IMF conditions
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Thresher S. , Trenchi L. , Fuselier S. A. , Petrinec S. M. , Peterson W. K. , Marcucci M. F.
Published: January 2017

Magnetic reconnection changes the topology of magnetic field lines. This process is most readily observable with in situ instrumentation at the Earth's magnetopause as it creates open magnetic field lines to allow energy and momentum flux to flow from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. Most models use the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) to determine the location of these magnetopause entry points, known as reconnection lines. Dayside locations of magnetic reconnection equatorward of the cusps are generally found during sustained intervals of southward IMF, while high‐latitude region regions poleward of the cusps are observed for northward IMF conditions. In this study we discuss Double Star magnetopause crossings and a conjunction with a Polar cusp crossing during northward IMF conditions with a dominant IMF BY component. During all seven dayside magnetopause crossings, Double Star detected switching ion beams, a known signature for the presence of reconnection lines. In addition, Polar observed a cusp ion‐energy dispersion profile typical for a dayside equatorial reconnection line. Using the cutoff velocities for the precipitating and mirrored ion beams in the cusp, the distance to the reconnection site is calculated, and this distance is traced back to the magnetopause, to the vicinity of the Double Star satellite locations. Our analysis shows that, for this case, the predicted line of maximum magnetic shear also coincides with that dayside reconnection location.
Total electron content disturbances during minor sudden stratospheric warming, over the Brazilian region: A case study during January 2012
Authors: Vieira F. , Fagundes P. R. , Venkatesh K. , Goncharenko L. P. , Pillat V. G.
Published: January 2017

The effects of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on ionosphere have been investigated by several scientists, using different observational techniques and model simulations. However, the minor SSW event during January 2012 is one of those that are less studied. Influences of several types of possible drivers—minor SSW event, changing solar flux, moderate geomagnetic storm on 22–25 January, and one of the largest solar proton events on 23–30 January—make it a challenging period to interpret. In the present study, the GPS‐total electron content (TEC) measurements from a network of 72 receivers over the Brazilian region are considered. This network of 72 GPS‐TEC locations lies between 5°N and 30°S (35°) latitudes and 35°W and 65°W (30°) longitudes. Further, two chains of GPS receivers are used to study the response of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the Brazilian eastern and western sectors, as well as its day‐to‐day variability before and during the SSW‐2012. It was noted that the TEC is depleted to the order of 30% all over the Brazilian region, from equator to beyond the EIA regions and from east to west sectors. It is also noticed that the EIA strengths at the east and west sectors were weakened during the SSW‐2012. However, the Brazilian eastern sector was found to be more disturbed compared to the western sector during this SSW‐2012 event.
Human Cloning: Arguments for
Authors: Devolder Katrien , Gyngell Christopher
Published: January 2017

Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. The announcement of her birth in 1997 sparked a heated debate about the ethics of human reproductive cloning, resulting in most countries legally banning it. Some of the reasons why someone may want to create a human clone are based on erroneous assumptions. However, sometimes there are justified
pro tanto
reasons in favor of cloning. Most arguments against human cloning are more problematic and limited in scope than generally assumed. Thus, cloning may be ethically permissible in certain contexts.

Key Concepts

Cloning is a process that creates a genetic replica of an organism.

Cloning is ubiquitous in nature.

The most straightforward reason why someone may want to reproduce through cloning is to have a genetically related child.

Cloning would enable parents to have a child with a genome identical to that of a person with good health or other desirable characteristics.

Cloning would provide an efficient way to create a ‘saviour sibling’ who could act as a tissue donor for a sick sibling.

Cloning could significantly expand our procreative options.
Risks for Relatives
Authors: Hopper John L , Dite Gillian S , Byrnes Graham B
Published: January 2017

Studying risks for relatives of persons with a disease (affected probands) compared with relatives of persons without the disease (unaffected probands) can reveal important information on the likely causes of that disease. Even modestly increased risk for relatives cannot exist without there being strong underlying familial risk factors. Studying risks for relatives, including twins, as a function of the strength of genetic, environmental and cohabitational relationships to the probands can help resolve whether the familial risk factors are likely to have a genetic or environmental aetiology, the more so if specific genes and environmental exposures are measured for one or more of the family members. Because only a small proportion of the familial aggregations of common diseases can be explained by known genes and other familial causes, there is scope for greatly expanding our knowledge of disease aetiology through information that can be gained from studying risks for relatives.

Key Concepts

Discovering the familial causes of risks for relatives can reveal important information on the likely causes of diseases.

Even modestly increased risks for relatives cannot exist without there being strong familial factors.

Shared familial risk factors may be genetic or due to environment or cohabitation (such as infection, diet and shared social factors).

The effects on disease risk of genetic and nongenetic familial risk factors are often confounded (i.e. strongly correlated) but can potentially be separated by considering degree of relatedness and duration of living together (cohabitation) and living apart.

There is scope for greatly expanding knowledge about disease aetiology through studying risks for relatives.
Ecological Developmental Biology
Authors: Gilbert Scott F
Published: January 2017

Ecological developmental biology is the science that studies the interactions between developing organisms and their environmental contexts. It studies development in the ‘real world’ of predators, competitors, symbionts, toxic compounds, temperature changes and nutritional differences. The environment plays a substantial role in development, and in many instances, normal development cannot occur without environmental signalling. Symbionts, for instance are needed in many organisms for the development of particular organs. Environmental agents can elicit epigenetic changes in gene expression that can change an organism's phenotype. In many instances, however, substances in the environment of developing organisms can act detrimentally, causing birth defects and predisposing the organism to diseases in adulthood. Epigenetics has recently provided startling insights into how environmental agents experienced during embryonic development can predispose one to cancer, obesity, hypertension and diabetes later in life.

Key Concepts

The environment plays critical roles during normal development.

The genome encodes a repertoire of possible phenotypes. Environment often selects which of those genes will become active and which phenotypes will become expressed.

Reaction norms are phenotypes that quantitatively respond to environmental conditions, such that the phenotype reflects small differences in the environmental conditions.

Polyphenisms represent ‘either/or’ phenotypes wherein one set of conditions elicits one phenotype, while another set of conditions elicits another phenotype.

Organisms usually develop in symbiotic relationships with other organisms; and signals from the symbionts are often critical for normal development.

Teratogens (such as ethanol) are compounds that can cause birth defects by disrupting normal development.

Endocrine disruptors are compounds in the environment that can disrupt normal development by changing gene expression in ways that are not seen phenotypically for years after birth.

Ecological developmental biology proposes new mechanisms through which evolution can occur. These include epialleles (inherited patterns of chromatin alterations giving inherited variants of gene expression patterns), plasticity‐driven adaptation and symbiont‐mediated variation.
Alternative Splicing and Human Disease
Authors: Stamm Stefan
Published: January 2017

Almost all human protein coding genes undergo alternative splicing, and an increasing number of diseases is associated with the selection of ‘wrong’ splice sites. Such missplicing can be caused by mutations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), mutations in splicing factors and changes in the concentration of splicing factors. The effect of these mutations can be predicted using bioinformatic tools, but any prediction needs to be validated experimentally. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating splice site selection resulted in the development of treatment options using RNA (ribonucleic acid) oligonucleotides as well as small molecules that inhibit or alter alternative splicing. Oligonucleotides for treatment of spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy have advanced into clinical trials and serve as a paradigm for the treatment of other diseases caused by missplicing.

Key Concepts

Mechanism of alternative splice site selection.

Changes in alternative splicing caused by mutations that result in disease.

Mutations leading to a change in alternative splicing.

Analysis of mutations that change splice site selection.

Splicing‐changing oligonucleotides to treat diseases.

Small molecules as splicing inhibitors or modulators to treat diseases.