bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sign-changeable holographic dark energy in Brans–Dicke theory
Authors: Zadeh M. Abdollahi , Sheykhi A.
Published: October 2018

We consider the Brans–Dicke (BD) theory of gravity and explore the cosmological implications of the sign-changeable interacting holographic dark energy (HDE) model in the background of a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe. As the system’s infrared cutoff, we choose the future event horizon, the Granda–Oliveros (GO), and the Ricci cutoffs. For each cutoff, we obtain the density parameter, the equation of state (EoS), and the deceleration parameter of the system. In case of future event horizon, we find out that the EoS parameter, wD, can cross the phantom line; as a result the transition from the deceleration to the acceleration of the Universe expansion can be achieved provided the model parameters are chosen suitably. We also investigate the instability of the sign-changeable interacting HDE model against perturbations in BD theory. For this purpose, we study the squared sound speed [Formula: see text] whose sign determines the stability of the model. When [Formula: see text] the model is unstable against perturbation. For future event horizon, our Universe can be stable ([Formula: see text]) depending on the model parameters. Then, we focus on GO and Ricci cutoffs and find out that although other features of these two cutoffs are consistent with observations, they cannot lead to stable dominated universe, except in a special case with GO cutoff. Our studies confirm that for the sign-changeable HDE model in the setup of BD cosmology, the event horizon is the most suitable horizon that can pass all conditions and leads to a stable dark-energy-dominated universe.
Improvement of a multi-layer quantum secret sharing based on GHZ state and Bell measurement
Authors: Cheng Xiaogang , Guo Ren , Chen Yonghong , Fu Yanjie
Published: October 2018

Recently, a novel Multi-layer Quantum Secret Sharing (MQSS) scheme based on GHZ state and generalized Bell measurement is presented in [X.-J. Wang, L.-X. An, X.-T. Yu and Z.-C. Zhang, Phys. Lett. A 381(38) (2017) 3282.]. The novelty of the MQSS scheme is that a quantum secret can be shared by up to [Formula: see text] parties at the [Formula: see text]th layer. In this paper, we show that the MQSS scheme can be significantly simplified and improved. The improved MQSS scheme is much easier to implement in practice and more efficient. In our improved scheme, the parties of the [Formula: see text]th layer need not put their particles together to carry out the generalized Bell measurement, which is needed to share the secret to the next layer in the original scheme. Instead, each party only has to carry out local operations.
Prognostic Significance of Pretreatment Apolipoprotein A-I as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Xianjin
Published: October 2018

Background. Numerous studies have reported the prognostic significance of serum apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in various cancers, but the results have been inconsistent. The current meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between ApoA-I level and prognosis in human malignancies. Methods. A literature search was performed using the electronic platforms of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to obtain eligible articles published up to May 20, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the prognostic values of the ApoA-I level in cancers using STATA 12.0 software. Results. A total of 14 studies involving 9295 patients were included. The results indicated that low ApoA-I level was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.44–0.61). Significant relationships between the ApoA-I level and OS were specifically detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54–0.73), colorectal cancer (CRC, HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.19–0.76), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27–0.65). The subgroup analyses for OS also further confirmed the prognostic significance of the ApoA-I level in cancers. Moreover, lower Apo A-I was associated with unfavorable cancer-specific survival (CSS, HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.19–0.76) in cancers, and low ApoA-I level was clearly associated with inferior total time to recurrence (TTR, HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.29–0.58) in HCC, poorer locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42–0.74 for LRFS; HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.41–0.89 for DMFS) in NPC, and shorter disease-free survival (DFS, HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.84) in cancers. Conclusions. Low ApoA-I level might be an unfavorable prognostic factor in multiple malignancies, and serum ApoA-I could serve as a noninvasive marker to predict cancer prognosis.
Convolutional Neural Networks Promising in Lung Cancer T-Parameter Assessment on Baseline FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Kirienko Margarita , Sollini Martina , Silvestri Giorgia , Mognetti Serena , Voulaz Emanuele , Antunovic Lidija , Rossi Alexia , Antiga Luca , Chiti Arturo
Published: October 2018

Aim. To develop an algorithm, based on convolutional neural network (CNN), for the classification of lung cancer lesions as T1-T2 or T3-T4 on staging fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT images. Methods. We retrospectively selected a cohort of 472 patients (divided in the training, validation, and test sets) submitted to staging FDG-PET/CT within 60 days before biopsy or surgery. TNM system seventh edition was used as reference. Postprocessing was performed to generate an adequate dataset. The input of CNNs was a bounding box on both PET and CT images, cropped around the lesion centre. The results were classified as Correct (concordance between reference and prediction) and Incorrect (discordance between reference and prediction). Accuracy (Correct/[Correct + Incorrect]), recall (Correctly predicted T3-T4/[all T3-T4]), and specificity (Correctly predicted T1-T2/[all T1-T2]), as commonly defined in deep learning models, were used to evaluate CNN performance. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the final model. Results. The algorithm, composed of two networks (a “feature extractor” and a “classifier”), developed and tested achieved an accuracy, recall, specificity, and AUC of 87%, 69%, 69%, and 0.83; 86%, 77%, 70%, and 0.73; and 90%, 47%, 67%, and 0.68 in the training, validation, and test sets, respectively. Conclusion. We obtained proof of concept that CNNs can be used as a tool to assist in the staging of patients affected by lung cancer.
Regulatory Role of rno-miR-30b-5p in IL-10 and Toll-like Receptor 4 Expressions of T Lymphocytes in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis In Vitro
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Guo Dadong , Liu Bin , Yin Xuewei , Wei Huixia , Tang Kai , Bi Hongsheng
Published: October 2018

Uveitis is a serious eye disease that usually damages young adult’s health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs which regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. It is predicted that rno-miR-30b-5p can regulate the expressions of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In this study, the regulatory role of rno-miR-30b-5p in IL-10 and TLR4 gene expressions was validated using luciferase activity assay. Further, the inflammatory manifestation of the anterior segment and pathological examination of the eye were explored in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) rats. Meanwhile, the levels of rno-miR-30b-5p in eye tissues, spleen, and lymph nodes were measured using quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). IL-10 and TLR4 in spleen and lymph nodes were further separately determined by using Q-PCR and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Moreover, rno-miR-30b-5p mimic and its inhibitor were separately transfected into purified T cells, and the levels of IL-10 and TLR4 were detected using PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques. Results indicate that rno-miR-30b-5p was downregulated in spleen, lymph nodes, and eye tissues whereas the expressions of IL-10 and TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels were upregulated. The levels of IL-10 and TLR4 were negatively correlated to rno-miR-30b-5p levels. The result of in vitro cell transfection experiment indicates that IL-10 and TLR4 expressions were inhibited at mRNA and protein levels after T cells incubated with rno-miR-30b-5p mimic. However, the IL-10 and TLR4 mRNA levels were upregulated in purified T cells from spleen and lymph nodes after treatment with miR-30b-5p antagonist. In addition, there was no evident change of IL-10 and TLR4 proteins in spleen and lymph node T cells between EAU control and negative treatment groups. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that rno-miR-30b-5p mimic could reduce the number of both IL-10 and TLR4 positive cells, whereas rno-miR-30b-5p inhibitor could increase the number of IL-10 and TLR4 positive cells. Our study demonstrates that rno-miR-30b-5p influences the development of uveitis by regulating the level of IL-10 and TLR4 positive cells, thereby playing a role in the pathogenesis of uveitis.
Feature Reduction Based on Hybrid Efficient Weighted Gene Genetic Algorithms with Artificial Neural Network for Machine Learning Problems in the Big Data
Authors: Mohammed Tareq Abed , Alhayali Shaymaa , Bayat Oguz , Uçan Osman N.
Published: October 2018

A large amount of data being generated from different sources and the analyzing and extracting of useful information from these data becomes a very complex task. The difficulty of dealing with big data arises from many factors such as the high number of features, existence of lost data, and variety of data. One of the most effective solutions that used to overcome the huge amount of big data is the feature reduction process. In this paper, a set of hybrid and efficient algorithms are proposed to classify the datasets that have large feature size by merging the genetic algorithms with the artificial neural networks. The genetic algorithms are used as a prestep to significantly reduce the feature size of the analyzed data before handling that data using machine learning techniques. Reducing the number of features simplifies the task of classifying the analyzed data and enhances the performance of the machine learning algorithms that are used to extract valuable information from big data. The proposed algorithms use a new gene-weight mechanism that can significantly enhance the performance and decrease the required search time. The proposed algorithms are applied on different datasets to pick the most relative and important features before applying the artificial neural networks algorithm, and the results show that our proposed algorithms can effectively enhance the classifying performance over the tested datasets.
Role of Mast Cells and Type 2 Innate Lymphoid (ILC2) Cells in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Mortaz Esmaeil , Amani Saeede , Mumby Sharon , Adcock Ian M. , Movassaghi Mehrnaz , Folkerts Jelle , Garssen Johan , Folkerts Gert
Published: October 2018

The multifunctional role of mast cells (MCs) in the immune system is complex and has not fully been explored. MCs reside in tissues and mucous membranes such as the lung, digestive tract, and skin which are strategically located at interfaces with the external environment. These cells, therefore, will encounter external stimuli and pathogens. MCs modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune response in inflammatory disorders including transplantation. MCs can have pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, thereby regulating the outcome of lung transplantation through secretion of mediators that allow interaction with other cell types, particularly innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). ILC2 cells are a unique population of hematopoietic cells that coordinate the innate immune response against a variety of threats including infection, tissue damage, and homeostatic disruption. In addition, MCs can modulate alloreactive T cell responses or assist in T regulatory (Treg) cell activity. This paper outlines the current understanding of the role of MCs in lung transplantation, with a specific focus on their interaction with ILC2 cells within the engrafted organ.
The Association of Nil Per Os (NPO) Days with Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Wang Yongming , Li Xiaoyu , Guo Chunbao
Published: October 2018

Background. Enteral feeds are an essential part of care for infants and may be a potential risk factor in NEC development. The present study objective was to evaluate the relationship between nil per os (NPO) and clinical outcomes in infants with NEC. Methods. This was a retrospective review of 196 premature, low-birth-weight infants with NEC from January 1, 2011, to October 31, 2016, at four academic tertiary care hospitals. The patients were evaluated based on the median nil per os (NPO) days (5.6 days) in longer NPO (6.3 ± 1.1 days) versus shorter NPO groups (4.2 ± 0.9 days). Results. Patients who experienced longer than 5.6 NPO days were more likely associated with perforated NEC (odds ratio (OR), 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–3.76; p=0.021), stage III NEC (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.97–3.38; p=0.042), and longer duration of mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.08–0.98; p=0.005) than the shorter duration group of 5.6 NPO days. For the secondary outcomes, there was a trend towards earlier birth (p=0.083), longer NICU length of stay (p=0.093), and higher mortality (p=0.10) in the longer NPO cohort (p=0.057). The incidence of bacterial sepsis and short bowel syndrome also increased as the length of NPO increased. There was no statistically significant difference in nutritional variables between the two groups within the in-hospital period. Conclusion. Longer NPO time was associated with the severity of NEC and more injurious clinical outcomes, as demonstrated by rates of surgical intervention and duration of mechanical ventilation.
Sensorless Control for Joint Drive Unit of Lower Extremity Exoskeleton with Cascade Feedback Observer
Authors: Pei Pei , Pei Zhongcai , Shi Zhengqiang , Tang Zhiyong , Li Yang
Published: October 2018

In this paper, a sensorless control method for joint drive unit driven by BLDC motor of low extremity exoskeleton, cascade feedback observer identification method, is proposed. The cascade feedback observer identification method is based on improved Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer (ISF-SMO) and adaptive FIR filter. The improved Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer is used to identify the back-EMF of motor. The sliding mode surface redesigned according to Integral-Switching-Function (ISF) eliminates the inevitable chattering problem in conventional Sliding-Mode-Observer (SMO). The stability condition of Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer is obtained with Lyapunov function. Meanwhile, considering the estimation error and system instability caused by the mismatch between the actual resistance value (Rs) and the set resistance value, the LMS algorithm is used to estimate the resistance value online according to the structure of adaptive FIR filter. When system is running, the modified Integral-Switching-Function Sliding-Mode-Observer and adaptive FIR filter are used to modify the back-EMF and the resistance value by cascading feedback relation, and the modified back-EMF value is taken as the final output of the system. Because of considering the uncertainty of resistance caused by temperature variation, the robustness and stability of the cascade feedback observer can be improved. Meanwhile, higher estimation accuracy is obtained, and operation range of sensorless control is extended, which is suitable for motor in low speed region. Finally, the correctness and validity of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments.
Therapeutic Use of mTOR Inhibitors in Renal Diseases: Advances, Drawbacks, and Challenges
Authors: Viana Sofia D. , Reis Flávio , Alves Rui
Published: October 2018

The mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has a key role in the regulation of a variety of biological processes pivotal for cellular life, aging, and death. Impaired activity of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/mTORC2), particularly mTORC1 overactivation, has been implicated in a plethora of age‐related disorders, including human renal diseases. Since the discovery of rapamycin (or sirolimus), more than four decades ago, advances in our understanding of how mTOR participates in renal physiological and pathological mechanisms have grown exponentially, due to both preclinical studies in animal models with genetic modification of some mTOR components as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical experience. The main clinical indication of rapamycin is as immunosuppressive therapy for the prevention of allograft rejection, namely, in renal transplantation. However, considering the central participation of mTOR in the pathogenesis of other renal disorders, the use of rapamycin and its analogs meanwhile developed (rapalogues) everolimus and temsirolimus has been viewed as a promising pharmacological strategy. This article critically reviews the use of mTOR inhibitors in renal diseases. Firstly, we briefly overview the mTOR components and signaling as well as the pharmacological armamentarium targeting the mTOR pathway currently available or in the research and development stages. Thereafter, we revisit the mTOR pathway in renal physiology to conclude with the advances, drawbacks, and challenges regarding the use of mTOR inhibitors, in a translational perspective, in four classes of renal diseases: kidney transplantation, polycystic kidney diseases, renal carcinomas, and diabetic nephropathy.
Hot Spot Data Prediction Model Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Ming , Chen Wei
Published: October 2018

The novel hybrid multilevel storage system will be popular with SSD being integrated into traditional storage systems. To improve the performance of data migration between solid-state hard disk and hard disk according to the characteristics of each storage device, identifying the hot data block is significant issue. The hot data block prediction model based on wavelet neural network is built and trained by using historical data. This prediction model can overcome the cumulative effect of traditional statistical methods and has strong sensitivity to I/O loads with random variations. The experimental results show that the proposed model has better accuracy and faster learning speed than BP neural network model. In addition, it has less dependence on sample data and has better generalization ability and robustness. This model can be applied to the data migration of distributed hybrid storage systems to improve performance.
Surgical Correction of Unicoronal Craniosynostosis with Frontal Bone Symmetrization and Staggered Osteotomies
Authors: Hassanpour Seyed Esmail , Abbasnezhad Masoumeh , Alizadeh Otaghvar Hamidreza , Tizmaghz Adnan
Published: October 2018

Background. Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures that produce abnormal head shape. Plagiocephaly is a general term that describes unilateral flattening of the anterior or posterior quarter of the cranium. Anterior plagiocephaly is almost always due to unilateral coronal synostosis. Early surgical treatment is the best option for these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical correction results of unicoronal craniosynostosis with frontal bone symmetrization and staggered osteotomies. Methods. All unicoronal craniosynostosis cases treated surgically from 2013 to 2016 at our hospital, with frontal bone symmetrization and staggered osteotomies and fronto-orbital advancement, were reviewed. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, weight, hospital stay time, ICU stay time, per os (PO) starting time, anesthetic time, estimated blood loss volume (ml), estimated blood loss as percentage of total volume, surgical complication, follow-up time, and Whitaker grade. All data were analyzed with SPSS. Results. The study consisted of 33 patients (19 females, 14 males). Average age was 10.24 months, average weight was 8.97 Kg, average hospital stay time was 7.84 days, average ICU stay time was 1.69 days, average PO starting time was 1.24 days after surgery, average anesthetic time was 397.72 minutes, average estimated blood loss was 213.78 ml, and estimated blood loss as percentage of total volume was 31.69%. One case (3.03%) needed reoperation and two cases had postoperative seizure. No mortality was seen. Conclusion. It is supposed that surgical correction of unicoronal craniosynostosis with frontal bone symmetrization and staggered osteotomies results in lower blood loss, lower complication rate and reoperation, and more durable results.
Characterization and Comparison of Unfermented and Fermented Seed-Watermelon Juice
Authors: Wang Jing , Shi Yue , Zhang Huijuan , Deng Xingxing , Wang Yubin , Ma Yue , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2018

Fermented juice was prepared with byproducts (pulp and rind) of seed watermelon (Citrullus lanatus sp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus) for the first time, and its radical scavenging capacity and aroma were compared with those of the corresponding unfermented juice. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of the fermented juice were significantly stronger than those of the unfermented juice. The oxygen radical scavenging capacity of the fermented juice was 60 µM trolox equivalent/mL, which was 7.14% higher than that of the unfermented juice. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis showed a total of 26 and 29 volatiles in unfermented juice and fermented juice, respectively. The content of typical watermelon aroma, including 1-nonanol, 3,6-nonadien-1-ol, nonanal, trans-2-nonenal, and trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal, was reduced from 92.08 mg/L in the unfermented juice to 26.41 mg/L in the fermented juice. Furthermore, isoamylol, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl laurate contributed a typical grape-wine bouquet to the fermented juice. Sensory evaluation further confirmed the attractive appearance and watermelon aroma of the fermented juice. Therefore, the fermented seed-watermelon juice showed a strong radical scavenging capacity and presented the typical watermelon aroma with a grape-wine bouquet.
An Overview of Nanotechnology in Food Science: Preparative Methods, Practical Applications, and Safety
Authors: Yu Hyunjong , Park Jun-Young , Kwon Chang Woo , Hong Sung-Chul , Park Kyung-Min , Chang Pahn-Shick
Published: October 2018

As the researches to utilize nanotechnology in food science are advanced, applications of nanotechnology in various fields of the food industry have increased. Nanotechnology can be applied to the food industry for production, processing, storage, and quality control of foods. Nanomaterials, unlike conventional microscale materials, having novel characteristics can improve sensory quality of foods by imparting novel texture, color, and appearance. Nanotechnology has been used to design nanosensors for detection of harmful components in foods and a smart packaging system enabling to recognize food contamination very rapidly and sensitively. Nanoencapsulation is the most significant technology in food science, especially for bioactive compounds and flavors. Targeted delivery systems designed with nanoencapsulation can enhance bioavailability of bioactive compounds after oral administration. In addition, nanoencapsulation enables to control the release of flavors at the desired time and to protect the degradation of flavors during processing and storage. In this review, current applications of nanotechnology in food science including flavor control, enhancement of bioavailability of bioactive compounds, and detection of deleterious substances in foods are presented. Furthermore, this article overviews classification, preparative methods, and safety issues of nanomaterials for food science. This review will be of help to provide comprehensive information for newcomers utilizing nanotechnology to the food sector.
Postpartum Treatment of a Herniation of the Anterior Uterine Wall due to Remains of Placenta Increta
Authors: Haddad Anis , Zoukar Olfa , Mhabrich Houda , Hajjeji Awatef , Faleh Raja
Published: October 2018

In recent years, the incidence of placenta accreta and associated complications has increased significantly. The authors report the case of a pregnant woman in the 5th month of pregnancy for premature rupture of the membranes. The placenta was inserted low. The evolution was marked spontaneous work followed by the expulsion of the fetus. The delivery of the placenta was haemorrhagic and incomplete. Ultrasonic testing showed a placental fragment integrated in the thickness of the myometrium. Conservative treatment with methotrexate was published a few days later and MRI showed that the anterior uterine sac was filled with blood clots associated with pelvic effusion. A laparotomy was then performed to resect the pouch and the one-piece fragment. The follow-up was uneventful.
Lagrangian Dual Decomposition for Joint Resource Allocation Optimization Problem in OFDMA Downlink Networks
Authors: Jia Li-Jun , He Yu-Cheng , Chen Dong-Hua , Zhou Lin
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes an efficient method for joint power and subcarrier allocation in a multicell multiuser OFDMA downlink network. The joint optimization problem is formulated with the objective of maximizing the energy efficiency subject to the constraints on the quality of service in sum transmission rates for each cell and the total transmit power for the network. Due to intercell cochannel interferences and multiple variable coupling, the problem is intractable in its original form. To relax the difficulties in coordinating cochannel interferences, we introduce the tolerable interferences constraints for interference channels. To cope with the multiple variable coupling, we decompose the joint optimization problem into two iterative processes of user scheduling and a parametric convex optimization problem, where the energy efficiency is treated as the parameter and approached by bisection search. Then, by double dual decomposition, the parametric convex problem is transformed into Lagrangian dual problems at two levels of cells and subcarriers, and a decentralized solution is obtained in closed form. Based on the reformulations, an iterative subgradient algorithm is presented for approaching the joint optimization problem with acceptable complexity. Computer simulations are conducted to validate the proposed algorithm and examine the effects of various system parameters.
Two Cases of White Globe Appearance in Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: Iwamuro Masaya , Tanaka Takehiro , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Kawano Seiji , Kawahara Yoshiro , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: October 2018

In this report, we described two patients with white globe appearance in autoimmune atrophic gastritis. Endoscopy revealed multiple white substances in the stomach in both cases. Biopsied specimens from the lesions contained dilated glands and showed a decrease in parietal cells. Intraglandular necrotic debris and carcinoma were absent. These results confirmed that white globe appearance can be observed in autoimmune atrophic gastritis. Moreover, microscopic features for white globe appearance observed in these cases were different from those reported previously in gastric cancer lesions and were similar to those observed for noncancerous stomach.
Phytochemical Screening, Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Power, and Antibacterial Activity of Herniaria hirsuta from Morocco
Authors: Ammor Kenza , Bousta Dalila , Jennan Sanae , Bennani Bahia , Chaqroune Abdellah , Mahjoubi Fatima
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts for aerial parts of Herniaria hirsuta. Extracts were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three tests: DPPH free radical-scavenging, reducing power, and molybdenum systems. The screening of antibacterial activity of extracts was individually evaluated against sixteen bacteria species using a disc diffusion method. Flavonoids, total phenols, and tannins content were performed for both extracts. It shows higher content in the hydroethanolic extract. The hydroethanolic extract showed a significant antioxidant activity for the three methods studies to the aqueous extract, but nonsignificant results compared to the reference (BHT). However, both extracts have negative effect on the strains studies for the antibacterial activity.
Rationale for Intervention and Dose Is Lacking in Stroke Recovery Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Borschmann Karen , Hayward Kathryn S. , Raffelt Audrey , Churilov Leonid , Kramer Sharon , Bernhardt Julie
Published: October 2018

Background. The ineffectiveness of most complex stroke recovery trials may be explained by inadequate intervention design. The primary aim of this review was to explore the rationales given for interventions and dose in stroke rehabilitation randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods. We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group library for RCTs that met the following criteria: (1) training based intervention; (2) >50% participants who were stroke survivors; (3) full peer-reviewed text; (4) English language. We extracted data on 16 quality items covering intervention dose (n= 3), trial design (n= 10), and risk of bias (n= 3) and 18 items related to trial method. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether (1) reporting of trial quality items changed over time; (2) reporting of quality items was associated with the likelihood of a positive trial, adjusted for sample size and number of outcomes. Results. 27 Cochrane reviews were included, containing 9,044 participants from 194 trials. Publication dates were 1979 to 2013, sample size was median 32 (IQR 20,58), and primary outcome was reported in 49 trials (25%). The median total quality score was 4 (IQR 3,6) and improved significantly each year (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07, 1.16, p<0.001). Total quality score was not associated with likelihood of a positive trial, but trials containing a biological rationale for the intervention were more likely to find a difference in patient outcome (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.14, 4.19, p=0.02). Conclusion. To develop breakthrough treatments we need to build the rationale for research interventions and testing of intervention dosage. This will be achieved through a collective research agenda to understand the mechanistic principles that drive recovery and identification of clearer targets for clinical trials.
Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Neuroblastoma and Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Morandi Fabio , Frassoni Francesco , Ponzoni Mirco , Brignole Chiara
Published: October 2018

Neuroblastoma (NB) and malignant melanoma (MM), tumors of pediatric age and adulthood, respectively, share a common origin, both of them deriving from the neural crest cells. Although NB and MM have a different behavior, in respect to age of onset, primary tissue involvement and metastatic spread, the prognosis for high stage-affected patients is still poor, in spite of aggressive treatment strategies and the huge amount of new discovered biological knowledge. For these reasons researchers are continuously attempting to find out new treatment options, which in a near future could be translated to the clinical practice. In the last two decades, a strong effort has been spent in the field of translational research of immunotherapy which led to satisfactory results. Indeed, several immunotherapeutic clinical trials have been performed and some of them also resulted beneficial. Here, we summarize preclinical studies based on immunotherapeutic approaches applied in models of both NB and MM.
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Resveratrol in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of SIRT1
Authors: Gomes Bruno Alexandre Quadros , Silva João Paulo Bastos , Romeiro Camila Fernanda Rodrigues , dos Santos Sávio Monteiro , Rodrigues Caroline Azulay , Gonçalves Pricila Rodrigues , Sakai Joni Tetsuo , Mendes Paulo Fernando Santos , Varela Everton Luiz Pompeu , Monteiro Marta Chagas
Published: October 2018

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder of the cortex and hippocampus, which eventually leads to cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of AD remains unclear, the presence of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides in these learning and memory regions is a hallmark of AD. Therefore, the inhibition of Aβ peptide aggregation has been considered the primary therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Many studies have shown that resveratrol has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties and can decrease the toxicity and aggregation of Aβ peptides in the hippocampus of AD patients, promote neurogenesis, and prevent hippocampal damage. In addition, the antioxidant activity of resveratrol plays an important role in neuronal differentiation through the activation of silent information regulator‐1 (SIRT1). SIRT1 plays a vital role in the growth and differentiation of neurons and prevents the apoptotic death of these neurons by deacetylating and repressing p53 activity; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Resveratrol also has anti‐inflammatory effects as it suppresses M1 microglia activation, which is involved in the initiation of neurodegeneration, and promotes Th2 responses by increasing anti‐inflammatory cytokines and SIRT1 expression. This review will focus on the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory neuroprotective effects of resveratrol, specifically on its role in SIRT1 and the association with AD pathophysiology.
H∞Control for LPV Discrete Systems with Random Time-Varying Network Delay
Authors: Huang Kewang , Ma Tao , Pan Feng
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we study theH∞control problem for Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) discrete systems with random time-varying network delay. The state matrices of LPV discrete systems are deterministic functions and changed with parameters; the range of parameters is measurable. Considering the characteristics of networks with random time-varying delay, we proposed a new parameter-dependentH∞performance criterion based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The coupling between Lyapunov functions and system matrices could be eliminated by introducing an additional matrix in this criterion, which made it easier for numerical implementation. On this basis, we designed a state feedback controller by virtue of linear matrix inequalities, which transformed the sufficient conditions into existence condition of solution of parametric linear matrix inequalities. The designed controller could keep the closed-loop system asymptotically stable under given time delay and probability and meet predefined performance metric. The validity of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
The CITIES Project: Understanding the Health of Underrepresented Populations in Ohio
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Young Gregory S. , Bernardo Brittany M. , Washington Chasity , DeGraffinreid Cecilia R. , Fisher James L. , Huerta Timothy R.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Ohio, the catchment area of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC), includes diverse populations with different cancer profiles. As part of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded initiative to conduct population health assessments in cancer center catchment areas, the OSUCCC surveyed residents, focusing on factors contributing to cancer disparities in Ohio populations.

Methods:

Two sampling strategies were used: (i) probability sampling of mailing lists and (ii) convenience sampling at community events, coupled with phone/in-person/web surveys. Survey items were chosen along multilevel framework constructs, used in concert with other funded NCI-Designated Cancer Centers. Multivariable logistic regression models investigated predictors associated with health behaviors, cancer beliefs, knowledge, and screening.

Results:

The sample of 1,005 respondents were white (46.6%), African American (24.7%), Hispanic (13.7%), Somali (7.6%), and Asian (7.5%). A total of 216 respondents were Appalachian. Variations in cancer attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors were noted by racial/ethnic and geographic group. Multivariable models identified individuals with less financial security as less likely to exercise or be within guidelines for screening, but more likely to smoke and have a poor diet. At the community-level, measures of poverty were highest in Appalachia, whereas children in female-headed households were greater in urban minority areas.

Conclusions:

This population health assessment reinforced the diversity of the OSUCCC catchment area. These populations are ripe for implementation science strategies, focusing in communities and clinics that serve vulnerable populations.

Impact:

Understanding attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of this population can assist tailoring outreach and research strategies to lessen the cancer burden.
Tabakentwöhnung mit kognitiv-behavioraler Gruppentherapie während einer 3-wöchigen qualifizierten Alkoholentzugsbehandlung: Effekte auf den Tabakkonsum
Authors: Pätz Toni , Frischknecht Ulrich , Dinter Christina , Reinhard Iris , Mann Karl , Kiefer Falk , Weber Tillmann
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund: Überprüft wurde der Effekt einer kognitiv-behavioralen Gruppentherapie (KBGT) im Rahmen eines Tabakentwöhnungsprogramms auf die Tabakkonsumreduktion und -abstinenz während einer 3-wöchigen stationären, qualifizierten Alkoholentzugsbehandlung. Teilnehmer und Methoden: Von den 73 eingeschlossenen alkoholabhängigen Rauchern mit Rauchabstinenzmotivation entschieden sich 60 Probanden (82,2%) für ein Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm mit KBGT und Tabakentwöhnungsmitteln. 13 Probanden (17,8%), die eine alleinige Therapie mit Tabakentwöhnungsmitteln erhielten, bildeten die Kontrollgruppe. Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zum Studieneinschluss konnten Probanden mit KBGT ihren durchschnittlichen Tabakkonsum zum Entlassungszeitpunkt und beim Follow-up nach 3 Monaten signifikant reduzieren. Probanden ohne KBGT schafften dies nicht. Zu den beiden Messzeitpunkten erreichten 28,3 bzw. 14,3% der Probanden mit KBGT eine Tabakabstinenz; bei den Teilnehmern ohne KBGT waren es 15,4 bzw. 9,1%. Dieser Unterschied erreichte jedoch keine statistische Signifikanz. Probanden, die zum Entlassungszeitpunkt und zum Follow-up tabakabstinent waren, hatten signifikant häufiger an den KBGT-Sitzungen teilgenommen. Mehr als zwei Drittel der tabakabstinenten Probanden hatten innerhalb von 7 Tagen nach Studieneinschluss einen Rauchstopp erreicht; 92,9% dieser Probanden waren Teilnehmer der KBGT-Gruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Die Bereitschaft zur Teilnahme an einer freiwilligen KBGT war hoch. Dabei zeigten sich signifikant bessere Reduktionsraten und nicht signifikant verbesserte Tabakabstinenzraten bei der Entlassung und im Follow-up. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Tabakabstinenzrate und einem frühzeitigen Rauchstopp bzw. einer höheren Anzahl an besuchten KBGT-Sitzungen bei Rauchern im Rahmen einer stationären Alkoholentzugsbehandlung hin.
JAK2/STAT5 Pathway Mediates Prolactin-Induced Apoptosis of Lactotropes
Authors: de Dios Nataly , Orrillo Santiago , Irizarri Martín , Theas María Susana , Boutillon Florence , Candolfi Marianela , Seilicovich Adriana , Goffin Vincent , Pisera Daniel , Ferraris Jimena
Published: October 2018

Prolactinomas are increasingly viewed as a “problem of signal transduction.” Consequently, the identification of factors and signaling pathways that control lactotrope cell turnover is needed in order to encourage new therapeutic developments. We have previously shown that prolactin (PRL) acts as a proapoptotic and antiproliferative factor on lactotropes, maintaining anterior pituitary cell homeostasis, which contrasts with the classical antiapoptotic and/or proliferative actions exerted by PRL in most other target tissues. We aimed to investigate the PRLR-triggered signaling pathways mediating these nonclassical effects of PRL in the pituitary. Our results suggest that (i) the PRLR/Jak2/STAT5 pathway is constitutively active in GH3 cells and contributes to PRL-induced apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, (ii) PRL inhibits ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, thereby contributing to its proapoptotic effect, and (iii) the PI3K/Akt pathway participates in the PRL-mediated control of lactotrope proliferation. We hypothesize that the alteration of PRL actions in lactotrope homeostasis due to the dysregulation of any of the mechanisms of actions described above may contribute to the pathogenesis of prolactinomas.
Musas e música nos planos epistêmicos da memória na Antiga Grécia
Authors: Gusmão Cynthia
Published: October 2018

O estudo aponta a importância da memória nas indagações epistêmicas da antiga cultura grega. Inicialmente, fala sobre a presença da deusa Mnemosyne e suas lhas Musas no mito hesiódico e em seguida as estratégias mnemônicas para as competições e recitações poéticas. Depois, analisa as mudanças ocorridas com a introdução dos discursos filosóficos nos debates públicos e competições. Em seguida, aborda-se o lugar de Mnemosyne nos cultos órficos e a relação do orfismo pitagórico com o platonismo. Por fim, comenta aspectos do texto aristotélico Sobre a memória e a anamnese observando analogias entre a anamnese aristotélica e a descrição do melos na filosofia musical aristoxeniana.
Musica Ficta e Recta em Magnum Haereditatis Mysterium: Análise do Moteto de Willaert por Hexacordes
Authors: Pereira Fernando Luiz Cardoso
Published: October 2018

Como extensão de um trabalho anterior, a análise de inflexões ficta e recta em Magnum haereditatis mysterium de Willaert foi realizada com base em convenções de clausulae cadenciais, causa necessitatis e causa pulchritudines sobre publicações de época em manuscritos e impressos editados em livros de parte e de côro e em tablatura, além de uma edição moderna por Zenck. Tanto a natureza das ocorrências de inflexões ficta e recta bem como as discrepâncias de atribuição entre a tablatura de Gintzler e a edição de Zenck foram esclarecidas, porém em oposição à idéia geral de que tablaturas sejam fontes seguras para a interpretação por deductio, uma vez observados hexacordes molle e durum concomitantes no exemplar estudado.
Crítica filosófica como problema da musicologia: Sobre a recepção de Adorno por Carl Dahlhaus exemplificada pelo “Ensaio sobre Wagner”
Authors: Klein Richard
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo divide-se em três partes. Na primeira parte abordarei de maneira geral o modo pelo qual Carl Dahlhaus recebeu a filosofia da música de Adorno e como ele procurou inclui-la em seu projeto musicológico. Na segunda parte examinarei o modo pelo qual Dahlhaus trata a crítica adorniana a Wagner. Por fim, tratarei das consequências da comparação entre Wagner e Beethoven. Dahlhaus tem razão contra Adorno, na medida em que este deixa a crítica social e a crítica musical coincidirem indiferenciadamente. Por outro lado, isso se converte em equívoco sempre que Dahlhaus, como um musicólogo tradicional, recusa toda crítica social e também a construção filosófica do todo, porque isso ameaça comprometer – ou apenas relativizar – sua própria idéia de autonomia da arte.
As práticas imitativas musicais na Missa em si menor de Bach
Authors: Kato Katia
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar quais procedimentos imitativos retórico-musicais J.S. Bach fazia na reutilização de suas composições. O foco principal está no estudo das obras reutilizadas na Missa em Si menor, BWV 232. Procuramos definir cada termo, realizando um apanhado histórico de seu surgimento, bem como em quais condições foram utilizados.
Bakhtín e a Semiótica Musical Contemporânea
Authors: Camargo Luciano , Salles Paulo de Tarso
Published: October 2018

Considerando a notável relevância dos estudos de Mikhaíl Bakhtín (1895-1975) para o desenvolvimento da semiótica, este trabalho apresenta elementos de correlação entre sua teoria e o estudo dos estilos, tipos e tópicas musicais por Leonard Ratner (1980), e suas implicações ideológicas. Esta perspectiva conduz ao conceito de imaginação na consideração da metáfora como elemento desestabilizador do sentido da linguagem, o que a aproximaria da música na perspectiva de uma teoria geral da cultura.
Fazer música, fazer história
Authors: Assis Ana Cláudia
Published: October 2018

Discussão acerca do papel do intérprete contemporâneo a partir de uma aproximação com o ofício do historiador. Problematiza-se a noção de fidelidade ao texto musical e a tensão inexorável entre tradição e liberdade criadora no confronto do intérprete com o repertório do passado e com as estéticas da música do presente. Dentre os principais interlocutores estão Carvalho (2006), Dosse (2012), Nattiez (2005).
Resenha do livro "Villa-Lobos, um Compêndio: Novos Desafios Interpretativos"
Authors: Arcanjo Júnior Loque
Published: October 2018

Resenha de livro dedicado à vida e obra de Villa-Lobos, organizado por Paulo de Tarso Salles e Norton Dudeque, com textos de vários autores ligados ao grupo de pesquisas PAMVILLA (https://9qtrmpbsu2v.webhostusp.sti.usp.br/pamvilla/).

SALLES, Paulo de Tarso e DUDEQUE, Norton (orgs.) Villa-Lobos, um Compêndio: Novos Desafios Interpretativos (Curitiba: Editora da UFPR, 2017)
MOTETOS SECULARES SOBRE A ENEIDA DE VIRGÍLIO
Authors: Cardoso Fernando
Published: October 2018

O moteto latino secular, que no século XV desenvolveu-se a partir de temáticas cotidianas, assume uma temática humanista a partir do século XVI, difundida principalmente por Conrad Celtisno norte da Europa, com base em obras líricas de autores gregos e romanos arranjadas segundo padrões métricos que não se adequam às métricas convencionais da polifonia. Compositores como Senfl e Hofhaimer representam o apogeu desta escrita que contemplava especialmente os Épodos de Horácio; outros textos, como os versos da Eneida de Virgílio, seriam também arranjados em modelos típicos do moteto sacro, mas provavelmente sob influência dos arranjos métricos de Isaac ao final do século XV; um destes textos, “Dulces exuviae”, ganha não menos que dezoito arranjos ao longo do século XVI. A análise destes arranjos aponta para um maior compromisso com o hexâmetro datílico quando a textura tende à homofonia.
A PRONUNTIATIO EM MÚSICA
Authors: Paschoal Stéphano
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho mostra as aproximações entre Retórica e Música, partindo de trechos da obra Teutsche Rhetorica oder Redekunst (1634) de Johann Matthäus Meyfart e das obras Des critischen Musicus an der Spree (1750) e Die Kunst das Clavier zu spielen (1762), de Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg. As aproximações de que tratamos aqui dizem respeito à actio ou pronuntiatio, considerada a quinta parte da Retórica, segundo sua divisão clássica. Por serem as retóricas renascentistas (à época de Meyfart, por exemplo) retóricas literárias, é comum não haver nenhuma parte dedicada exclusivamente à pronuntiatio. A Teutsche Rhetorica oder Redekunst é, nesse caso, uma exceção. A aproximação entre Retórica e Música, ocorrida, primeiramente, como consequência da reforma curricular das Lateinschulen alemãs, proposta por Martinho Lutero, fez com que a Música passasse a ser descrita e analisada em termos retóricos. Em Música, a pronuntiatio encontra-se marcada no âmbito do musikalischer Vortrag, em que são dadas regras de boa execução do “discurso” musical. Buscamos aqui comparar as regras e aconselhamentos aos oradores no ato de ser proferido o discurso, e aquelas dadas aos intérpretes, ao tocar ou cantar. Com a comparação de excertos, será possível perceber a aproximação e semelhança de modos de proceder do orador e do intérprete.