bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special Drawing Rights: International Monetary Support for Developing Countries in Times of the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Gallagher Kevin , Ocampo José Antonio , Volz Ulrich
Published: August 2020

A major issuance of special drawing rights (SDRs) through the International Monetary Fund would be a key tool to provide financial support to developing and emerging economies and limit the economic and financial fallout of the COVID-19 crisis. SDRs are an unconditional resource, and the case for such an allocation is very strong during an exogenous shock, such as the current one. An SDR allocation would enhance the international liquidity in the hands of emerging and developing countries, so that public responses to the health crisis are not imperilled by financial crises. Close to two-fifths of a new SDR allocation would directly go to developing and emerging economies. In addition, a new mechanism should be created through which countries that do not need their SDR allocation lend them to the IMF, to increase the Fund’s lending capacity. Developed countries can also allocate the SDRs they do not use for official development assistance.
Skimming through search
Authors: Rouskas Evangelos
Published: August 2020

I examine a two-period duopolistic market for a durable good where firms compete in prices. Consumers are heterogeneous and can be described according to the following characteristics (i) high valuation and high search intensity; (ii) high valuation and low search intensity; (iii) low valuation and high search intensity; and (iv) low valuation and low search intensity. The market exhibits a new version of the so-called Coasian dynamics. The firms engage in intertemporal price discrimination and only consumers with high valuation and low search intensity purchase the product early. This result is based on a property which dictates that the consumers with high valuation and low search intensity are the most impatient. I call this the skimming through search property. When the difference between the high and the low valuation is small, there is positive probability that the prices in the first period are lower than the prices in the second period, so each firm may set a decreasing sequence of prices in a stochastic sense. Furthermore, when the percentage of consumers with high valuation increases, all consumers pay lower prices. This inter-consumer externality resembles the positive externality caused by an increase in market transparency.
Prediction of neutral detergent fiber content in corn stover using near-infrared spectroscopy technique
Authors: Pan Xuyang , Sun Laijun , Sun Guobing , Rong Panxiang , Lu Yuncai , Li Jinlong , Liu Yangyang , Zhang Chen , Song Ziwei
Published: August 2020

Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was the critical indicator of fiber in corn stover. This study aimed to develop a prediction model to precisely measure NDF content in corn stover using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique. Here, spectral data ranging from 400 to 2500 nm were obtained by scanning 530 samples, and Monte Carlo Cross Validation and the pretreatment were used to preprocess the original spectra. Moreover, the interval partial least square (iPLS) was employed to extract feature wavebands to reduce data computation. The PLSR model was built using two spectral regions, and it was evaluated with the coefficient of determination (R
2) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) obtaining 0.97 and 0.65%, respectively. The overall results proved that the developed prediction model coupled with spectral data analysis provides a set of theoretical foundations for NIRS techniques application on measuring fiber content in corn stover.
Predicting the moisture content of Daqu with hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Hu Xinjun , Chen Ping , Tian Jianping , Huang Danping , Luo Huibo , Huang Dan
Published: August 2020

Daqu, a Chinese liquor fermentation starter, contains all kinds of microorganisms and enzymes for Chinese liquor fermentation. The moisture content of Daqu significantly influence on the reproduction of microorganisms in Daqu. This work presents for the first time that determination of moisture content of Daqu with hyperspectral imaging. The characteristic spectrum of water is extracted based on comparative experiments with varying moisture content. The molds based on the full bands and feature bands were established by the support vector regression (SVR) method, which is used to predict moisture content of Daqu during fermentation process. The performance of the model based on the feature bands (R
2 = 0.9870, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.0091) is comparable to the full bands and the dimensions of the spectral information were significantly reduced. This work presents a novel, rapid and nondestructive approach for detecting the moisture content in Daqu and lays a foundation for the application of hyperspectral imaging.
The monotone iterative method for the integral boundary value problems of fractionalp-Laplacian equations with delay
Authors: Wei Chunyan , Liu Xiping , Jia Mei , Zhang Luchao
Published: August 2020

Based on the theory of lower and upper solutions, we study the monotone iterative method for the nonlinear integral boundary value problems of fractionalp-Laplacian equations with delay, which involves both Riemann–Liouville derivative and Caputo derivative. Some new results on the existence of positive solutions are established and the iterative methods for finding approximate solutions of the boundary value problem are obtained. Finally, two examples are given out to illustrate the numerical solution and the related graphic simulations are also provided.
Images of circles, lines, balls and half-planes under Möbius transformations
Authors: Krukowski Mateusz
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study the images of circles, lines, balls and half-planes under the Möbius transformations.
Performance investigation of free space optics link employing polarization division multiplexing and coherent detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing under different link parameters
Authors: Shri Tanu , Suman Anita , Kumar Parveen
Published: August 2020

Free space optics (FSO) is a novel transmission technique capable of providing high-capacity links with large bandwidth and robustness against electromagnetic waves interference. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a 100 Gbps FSO link which employs the hybridization of polarization division multiplexing technique and coherent detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique. Further, we have investigated the system performance by varying different parameters like the input power, the size of the receiver antenna, wavelength of laser beam, the angle of beam divergence, and the additional losses. The proposed system has been modeled and analyzed over Optisystem test bed.
Clinical features of the diabetes eating problem survey–revised Turkish version in children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sagsak Elif , Onder Asan , Peltek Kendirci Havva Nur , Yıldız Metin , Karaman Aksakal Derya , Karayurt Umran , Bıkmazer Alperen , Çakıroğlu Süleyman , Sertçelik Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Objectives

We aim to delineate clinical characteristics that place individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) at risk of developing eating problems by using Turkish version of diabetes eating problem survey-revised (DEPS-R).

Methods

The patients aged 9–18 years with T1DM who came to the pediatric endocrine outpatient clinic for control between February and December 2019 completed Turkish version of DEPS-R. Clinical and laboratory findings were obtained from patient files. Cases with a questionnaire score ≥20 were considered to be at risk for eating disorders (ED). Parents were informed when the results of the screening were positive, and were offered to child psychiatrist.

Results

The median scores obtained with the Turkish version of DEPS-R for the total sample, for females and males were 15, 16, and 13 respectively. The score was significantly higher among females compared to males (p<0.001). DEPS‐R score positive group had higher age (mean [SD]=14.6 [2.7], p=0.009), BMI (mean [SD]=21.4 [3.2], p<0.001), HbA1c % (mean [SD]=9.37[2.3], p<0.001) and year of diabetes duration (mean [SD]=5.5 [3.6], p<0.001) compared to the negative group.

Conclusions

Early recognition and adequate treatment of ED in T1DM is essential. DEPS-R is sensitive in identifying young people with ED.
Response to Critics
Authors: Collins Stephanie
Published: August 2020

This is a response to the critial comments by Anne Schwenkenbecher, Olle Blomberg, Bill Wringe and Gunnar Björnsson.
Illiberal Measures in Backsliding Democracies: Differences and Similarities between Recent Developments in Israel, Hungary, and Poland
Authors: Kremnitzer Mordechai , Shany Yuval
Published: August 2020

Around the world, many liberal democracies are facing in recent years serious challenges and threats emanating inter alia from the rise of political populism. Such challenges and threats are feeding an almost existential discourse about the crisis of democracy, and recent legal and political developments in Israel aimed at weakening the power of the Supreme Court and other rule of law institutions have also been described in such terms. This Article primarily intends to explore the relevance of the discourse surrounding the decline of liberal democracy, and its possible relevance for Israeli democracy, by examining the principal similarities and differences between specific legislative and administrative measures recently taken or contemplated in Israel and in two Central European states: Poland and Hungary. We focus on three sets of illiberal measures adopted or contemplated in Hungary, Poland, and Israel: (i) measures directed at limiting the power of the judiciary; (ii) measures intended to restrict the operation of civil society organizations; and (iii) measures directed at curbing dissent to governmental policies and at influencing the discourse in the media and academia. Although Israeli democratic institutions still retain much of their independence and vitality, we nonetheless find some degree of similarity between measures taken or contemplated by Hungary, Poland, and Israel, despite the many differences between their legal systems, historical contexts, political cultures, and the distinct stages of backsliding they seem to experience.
Assessment of knowledge of use of electronic cigarette and its harmful effects among young adults
Authors: Gupta Vidushi , Sharma Madhu , Srikant Natarajan , Manaktala Nidhi
Published: August 2020

Background

The practice of young adults smoking e-cigarette may have been adopted as a way of smoking cessation or just to follow a trend. Most people still remain unaware of the detrimental effects of e-cigarette. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of the habit of smoking e-cigarette and the awareness of its harmful effects among adults aged 18–23 years.

Methods

A questionnaire adopted from a study conducted in Italy was used in the study following due permission. After taking their consent, participants were requested to fill the survey irrespective of their smoking status.

Results

In total the study comprised 710 participants aged 20.7 ± 1.7 years (females = 412 and males = 298) from six countries. Most respondents were from India followed by the USA and then the UK. The most common mode of information for the participants on the existence of e-cigarette was from the family members, friends followed by Internet search engines and TV/newspaper advertisements. Among the participants, e-cigarette had a prevalence of 5.63%. Among these, 26 participants were using e-cigarette for less than 1 year and 2 participants for more than 5 years. E-cigarette smokers also experienced sore throat, cough, headache, dizziness and sleeplessness.

Conclusion

Majority of the young population was unaware about the use and harmful effects of e-cigarette.
Diaspora micro-influencers and COVID-19 communication on social media: The case of Chinese-speaking YouTube vloggers
Authors: Zhang Leticia-Tian , Zhao Sumin
Published: August 2020

Diaspora vloggers–migrants who produce video blogs in the language of their home countries for a transnational diaspora community–have been a largely overlooked group in the studies of social media. This paper focuses on the unique role of Chinese diaspora vloggers during an unprecedented global event—the COVID-19 pandemic. Using manual keyword search (e.g.,zhaijia riji,faguo yiqing) and chance sampling (i.e., following platform recommendation), we collected 26 videos (07:44:30) from six Chinese YouTube micro-influencers (1–100k followers) located in Germany, the US, Australia, France, Italy, and Korea. Drawing on theories of narrative and stance-taking, we analyzed how these diaspora vloggers relate their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that vloggers display both universal (e.g., fears) and culturally specific (e.g., mask-wearing) feelings, and invite their viewers to co-construe the emotional experience (e.g., the pronounniand address termdajia). Moreover, through different ways of “being Chinese”, vloggers orient their discourse to a unique audience—transnational Chinese-speaking diaspora. Our findings point to the emergence of a new form of migrant identity in the age of social media and highlight the importance of understanding such identities in delivering public health information in global emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Black phosphorus (BP)–graphene guided-wave surface plasmon resonance (GWSPR) biosensor
Authors: Su Mingyang , Chen Xueyu , Tang Linwei , Yang Bo , Zou Haijian , Liu Junmin , Li Ying , Chen Shuqing , Fan Dianyuan
Published: August 2020

Due to lower out-of-plane electrical conductance, black phosphorus (BP) provides a suitable host material for improving the sensitivity of biosensors. However, BP oxidizes easily, which limits practical applications. In this article, we propose a sensitivity-enhanced guided-wave surface plasmon resonance (GWSPR) biosensor based on a BP–graphene hybrid structure. This BP–graphene hybrid structure exhibits strong antioxidation properties and exceptional biomolecule-trapping capability, which improve the stability and sensitivity of GWSPR biosensors, respectively. We show that the proposed GWSPR biosensor can distinguish refractive indices in the range of 1.33–1.78 RIU (RIU is the unit of RI), and the sensitivity reaches a maximum of 148.2°/RIU when the refractive index of sensing target is 1.33 RIU. The high sensitivity and broad detection range indicate that the proposed biosensor could significantly impact fields such as biological and chemical detection.
Spheroidal trap shell beyond diffraction limit induced by nonlinear effects in femtosecond laser trapping
Authors: Huang Lu , Qin Yaqiang , Jin Yunfeng , Shi Hao , Guo Honglian , Xiao Liantuan , Jiang Yuqiang
Published: August 2020

Beyond diffraction limit, multitrapping of nanoparticles is important in numerous scientific fields, including biophysics, materials science and quantum optics. Here, we demonstrate the 3-dimensional (3D) shell-like structure of optical trapping well induced by nonlinear optical effects in the femtosecond Gaussian beam trapping for the first time. Under the joint action of gradient force, scattering force and nonlinear trapping force, the gold nanoparticles can be stably trapped in some special positions, or hop between the trap positions along a route within the 3D shell. The separation between the trap positions can be adjusted by laser power and numerical aperture (NA) of the trapping objective lens. With a high NA lens, we achieved dual traps with less than 100 nm separation without utilizing complicated optical systems or any on-chip nanostructures. These curious findings will greatly extend and deepen our understanding of optical trapping based on nonlinear interaction and generate novel applications in various fields, such as microfabrication/nanofabrication, sensing and novel micromanipulations.
Simultaneous implementation of antireflection and antitransmission through multipolar interference in plasmonic metasurfaces and applications in optical absorbers and broadband polarizers
Authors: Zhang Jihua , Wei Ran , Guo Chunlei
Published: August 2020

Metasurfaces have been widely used to control beam propagation e.g. transmission, reflection, and absorption on an interface through a thin layer of nanoantennas with the thickness smaller than the wavelength. However, previous study of metasurfaces typically focused on controlling only one form of these propagations. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a multipolar plasmonic metasurface that can simultaneously realize antireflection (AR) and antitransmission (AT) in the visible and near-infrared regions. The AR and AT arise from destructive multipolar interferences in the backward and forward directions, respectively, i.e., through the generalized Kerker effect. By engineering the multipolar interference, we show that the AR and AT can happen at different or similar wavelength ranges, which can be used for low-absorption spectral filters due to off-resonance operation or inversely strong optical absorbers through near-resonance operation, respectively. We also present a simple two-dimensional design of the multipolar metasurface that supports AT for one polarization and AR for another polarization over a broadband, which is applicable to broadband transmissive polarizers with efficiency over 90% and the extinction ratio over 18 dB. By tuning the dimension and thus the multipolar interference, the transmitted polarization and operation wavelength are both controllable.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ3-2-carboxy-4-(3-carboxy-5-carboxylatophenoxy)benzoato-κ3O:O′:O′′)-bis(μ2-4,4′-bis(pyrid-4-yl)biphenyl-k1
N)copper(II)], C60H40N4O9Cu
Authors: Li Shi-Hui , Tang Qian-Qian
Published: August 2020

C60H40N4O9Cu, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6569(8) Å, b = 10.3941(7) Å, c = 24.9421(16) Å, α = 97.162(5)°, β = 90.953(6)°, γ = 107.788(7)°, V = 2361.3(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0729, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1609, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethane-1,2-diylbis(diphenylphosphine oxide) – dihydrogenperoxide (1/2), C26H28O6P2
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: August 2020

C26H28O6P2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.8582(1) Å, b = 12.4664(1) Å, c = 15.4358(1) Å, β = 95.738(1)°, V = 2461.89(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0296, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0809, T = 100(2) K.
Disrupting Carceral Narratives: Race, Rape, and the Archives
Authors: Sutherland Tonia
Published: August 2020

Using critical archival studies as a methodological frame, this paper applies theories of the carceral archive to two historic legal cases: the Ala Moana Boys and the Central Park Five. Through these two cases I demonstrate that engaging the three primary underpinnings of the carceral archive—documentary records, narrative construction, and Foucauldian conceptions of “the carceral”—can critically expose, complicate, and unsettle carceral narratives, providing a new theoretical framework for troubling what Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie calls “the danger of a single story” in the historical record. Finally, I argue that it is through disrupting carceral narratives and centering more liberatory counter-narratives that archives might envision and promote themselves as sites replete with emancipatory impulses and ripe with liberatory potential.
City in Code: The Politics of Urban Modeling in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Johnson Madeline G.
Published: August 2020

A model is “any representation or concept that helps us to understand the world whenever common sense or direct observations are inadequate.” Common sense and direct observation often prove inadequate to the complexities of the twenty-first-century cities. Thus, models abound in urban life and governance. However, a model is not only a tool for control but a way of defining a situation. Framing the city so as to render it susceptible to interpretation and intervention is an exercise not merely with scientific or technological value but with rhetorical power. The tradition of comprehensive urban models, beginning with the advent of computers and culminating in the self-analyzing “smart city,” I argue, sidelines this rhetorical power in favor of a tone of scientific authority that, while justifiable in technical domains, does not legitimately scale to the level of a political community. Making good on the civic potential of Big Data thus requires recontextualizing properly scientific enterprises within an adequate political philosophy of the city, allowing for the construction of cultural urban models that set human freedom at the core of its inner workings.
Klassifikation, Typologie, Affordanzbestimmung und Funktionalitätsrekonstruktion. Verfahren zur Ordnung von Objekten am Beispiel bronzezeitlicher Waffen
Authors: Jung Matthias
Published: August 2020

Klassifikationen und Typologien sind im Kontext archäologischen Handelns Techniken der Systematisierung von Objekten. Als solche haben sie einerseits eine große heuristische Bedeutung als Grundlage für im weitesten Sinne sozialhistorische Interpretationen, sie können aber auch andererseits diese Interpretationen in einer Weise vorstrukturieren, die im Deutungsprozess nicht mehr reflektiert wird. Konnotationen, die mit der klassifikatorischen und typologischen Ansprache verbunden sind, verfestigen sich so zu Gewissheiten, welche einer Revision weitgehend entzogen sind. Erläutert wird dies am Beispiel bronzezeitlicher Waffen, und daran anschließend sollen zwei Verfahren aufgezeigt werden, mit denen sich derartige Gewissheiten aufbrechen lassen: durch eine Bestimmung der Affordanz der Objekte und eine Rekonstruktion ihrer Funktionalität.
Exclusivity as a Signal of Quality in a Market with Word-of-Mouth Communication
Authors: Ashoori Minoo , Schmidbauer Eric , Stock Axel
Published: August 2020

In some markets consumers seek exclusive consumption experiences, yet in these markets businesses sometimes market their goods widely and at low prices during an introduction period. We use a two-period game-theoretic model to provide a signaling explanation for this phenomenon. In our model, exclusivity-seeking consumers must infer product quality from its price and level of exclusivity in the initial stage. After purchase consumers communicate the true learned quality through word-of-mouth (WOM) so that the entire market becomes informed, including a group of new consumers whose size depends on the number of introductory purchasers and the strength of WOM. We show that a high-quality seller signals by marketing widely when the desire for exclusivity is intermediate and WOM is strong.
How (and why) to determine NMR spectrometer’s noise figure?
Authors: Kolar Petar , Blažok Lovro , Bojanjac Dario
Published: August 2020

In the last decade or two, it seems that the trend of technological advance in NMR spectroscopy cannot follow the trend of desire to measure NMR samples with gradually lower response signals. Recently, an accurate noise model, based on the concept of noise figure, of the most sensitive part of the NMR spectroscopy system from the aspect of noise, which is its probe-to-spectrometer receiving chain, was introduced. The main purpose of this model is to optimize the used NMR spectroscopy system and, ultimately, enable measuring NMR samples with even lower response signals than the ones measured today. All the parameters of the NMR spectroscopy system, used in the introduced model, can be easily measured using vector network analyzers and noise figure meters, or can be found in the datasheets of the respective elements, except the spectrometer’s receiving chain noise figure. In this contribution, the process of spectrometer’s receiving chain noise figure measurement, performed using the Twice Power Method, is described. A block diagram representation of the spectrometer’s receiving chain is presented here, as well as its approximative model. The respective noise figure measurement results, which are also presented, explain the general tendency of using the mid-range of the spectrometer’s gain control level when performing the actual NMR measurements.
The role of biotin metabolism in the COVID-19 infection
Authors: Aydemir Duygu , Ulusu Nuriye Nuray
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has become the major health problem in 2020 worldwide and no treatment or cure has been developed until now, however medical doctors use approved anti-viral drugs alone or in combination to treat patients infected by COVID-19. Thus, the outcome and the information of the applied treatments are changing daily basis. One of the changes in the COVID-19 patients has been depilation of the eyebrow and eyelashes. Biotin is a vital cofactor for biotin-dependent enzymes for fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose metabolism. It is known that, biotin deficiency may cause loss of hair, eyebrows and eyelashes. However, either COVID-19 infection or treatment against to cure this infection cause impairment in the biotin metabolism that should be further investigated to better understand possible mechanisms behind the COVID-19 infection and outcomes of the treatment approach to treat it.
Das reformierte Transparenzregister nach der 5. Geldwäscherichtlinie
Authors: Omlor Sebastian , Meier Johannes
Published: August 2020

Am 9. Juli 2018 ist mit zahlreichen Neuerungen die Änderungsrichtlinie zur 4. Geldwäscherichtlinie – konsolidiert die sog. 5. Geldwäscherichtlinie – in Kraft getreten. Diese bringt Änderungen im Bereich der virtuellen Währungen mit sich und schreibt die 4. Geldwäscherichtlinie im Bereich des Transparenzregisters fort. Der Richtliniengeber will eine möglichst lückenlose Erfassung von gesellschaftsrechtlich geprägten Rechtsvereinbarungen erreichen, um Geldwäsche effektiv, aber auch flächendeckend und einheitlich in der ganzen Europäischen Union einzudämmen. Durch das Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Änderungsrichtlinie zur Vierten EU-Geldwäscherichtlinie vom 12.12.2019

BGBl. 2019 I, S. 2602.

setzte der deutsche Gesetzgeber die 5. Geldwäscherichtlinie um. Probleme bereiten weiterhin die Einordnung der melde- und registerpflichtigen „wirtschaftlichen Eigentümer“ sowie insbesondere die Einordnung von Trusts und vergleichbaren Gebilden. Der Beitrag geht zudem auf das Zusammenspiel mit der Gesellschafterlistenverordnung von 2018 ein.
A study on the limit of application of kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction
Authors: Dias Diego Felix , Sasaki José Marcos
Published: August 2020

In this work, the limit of application of the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction was calculate integrated intensities was evaluated as a function of perfect crystal thickness, when compared with the Ewald–Laue dynamical theory. The percentual difference between the dynamical and kinematical integrated intensities was calculated as a function of unit cell volume, Bragg angle, wavelength, module, and phase of structure factor and linear absorption coefficient. A critical thickness was defined to be the value for which the intensities differ 5%. We show that this critical thickness is 13.7% of the extinction length, which a specific combination of the parameters mentioned before. Also, we find a general expression, for any percentage of the difference between both theories, to determine the validity of the application of the kinematical theory. Finally, we also showed that the linear absorption decreases this critical thickness.
Effect of pH on xylitol production by Candida species from a prairie cordgrass hydrolysate
Authors: Rudrangi Samatha S. R. , West Thomas P.
Published: August 2020

Using hydrolysates of the North American prairie grass prairie cordgrass buffered at pH 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 or 6.0, xylitol production, xylitol yield, cell biomass production and productivity were investigated for three strains of yeast Candida. Of the three strains, the highest xylitol concentration of 20.19 g xylitol (g xylose consumed)−1 and yield of 0.89 g xylitol (g xylose consumed)−1 were produced by Candida mogi ATCC 18364 when grown for 120 h at 30° C on the pH 5.5-buffered hydrolysate-containing medium. The highest biomass level being 7.7 g cells (kg biomass)−1 was observed to be synthesized by Candida guilliermondii ATCC 201935 after 120 h of growth at 30° C on a pH 5.5-buffered hydrolysate-containing medium. The highest xylitol specific productivity of 0.73 g xylitol (g cells h)−1 was determined for C. guilliermondii ATCC 20216 after 120 h of growth at 30°C on a pH 5.0-buffered hydrolysate-containing medium. Xylitol production and yield by the three Candida strains was higher on prairie cordgrass than what was previously observed for the same strains after 120 h at 30° C when another North American prairie grass big bluestem served as the plant biomass hydrolysate indicating that prairie cordgrass may be a superior plant biomass substrate.
Die deutschsprachige Rechtswissenschaft seit 1800 und der Rechtspluralismus
Authors: Seinecke Ralf
Published: August 2020

German-Language Jurisprudence since 1800 and Legal Pluralism. This paper examines the history of legal pluralism in German-speaking jurisprudence since 1800 using the topoi of law without the state, alternative law, interlegality and nomos. It shows the continuous presence of these topics in the classical debates of German jurisprudence until the concept of legal pluralism was invented in the second half of the 20th century. The end of the Old Reich in 1806, the foundation of the German Reich in 1871 and the BGB from 1900 are important caesuras in this story. They indicate the assumption of a “delayed sattelzeit” in German legal theory during this period.
Zum Phänomen der Rechtsrezeption in der Antike
Authors: Schanbacher Dietmar
Published: August 2020

Law Reception in Antiquity. According to ancient records Rome sent to Athens and elsewhere to collect material for the Twelve Tables. Certain specific provisions of the Twelve Tables are said to be derived from Solon’s laws. All this is doubted today, but without sufficient reasons. Tab. V 3 Uti legassit etc. derives, as it seems, from Solon’s law on testamentary dispositions.
Die Bedeutung des antiken jüdischen Rechts für das römische Recht und die antike Rechtsgeschichte am Beispiel der rabbinischen Rezeption und Modifikation der griechisch-hellenistischen diathēkē als dîjathîqî und der donatio mortis causa
Authors: Armgardt Matthias
Published: August 2020

Reuven Yaron (1924–2014) in memoriam

The importance of Ancient Jewish Law for Roman Law and Ancient Legal History – the example of the Rabbinic reception and modification of the Greco-Hellenistic diathēkē as dîjathîqî and the donatio mortis causa. This paper aims to show that ancient Jewish law is of greatest importance for interpreting Roman law and understanding ancient legal history. After exemplifying the close relation of the Pentateuch and the cuneiform law, we focus on the reception and modification of the Greco-Hellenistic diathēkē (testament), which came into Jewish law during tannaitic times as dîjathîqî and was reinterpreted by the rabbis as donation. Finally, we compare the rabbinic dîjathîqî and the Roman donatio mortis causa.
Überlegungen zur Litiskreszenz bei der actio ex testamento
Authors: Isola Lisa
Published: August 2020

On litiscrescence in the actio ex testamento. The phenomenon of litiscrescence is allegedly already known to the Twelve Tables. In particular Max Kaser has convincingly attributed it to the ancient executive proceedings involving a vindex. While studies on the peculiarities of litiscrescence in the actio iudicati and the actio depensi as well as the actio legis Aquiliae (the only action which has retained this kind of ,penalty‘ in Justinian’s age) are available, an indepth study on the actio ex testamento in this context is missing. There are various specialities to consider, not only because of the different persons involved (testator, heir, legatee) but also because of the different possible objects of bequests and because there is not only o ne actio ex testamento but several. Whether general conclusions on litiscrescence can be drawn from these constellations will have to be considered.
Die actio quasi Publiciana im byzantinischen Recht
Authors: de Jong Hylkje
Published: August 2020

Die actio quasi Publiciana im byzantinischen Recht. In literature, D. 17,1,57 has been extensively discussed. In this fragment the former owner could reclaim his property by using the actio Publiciana, notwithstanding that the defendants had in good faith acquired ownership by acquisitive prescription (usucapio). The actio Publiciana in D. 17,1,57 should be interpreted as a special form of the actio Publiciana, which was normally given to a possessor in good faith. From Basilica-scholia it can be deduced that this special action, mentioned as actio quasi Publiciana, also applies in other cases. In Justinianic and Byzantine law the judge had to evaluate whether it was right that the defendant could raise an exceptio iusti dominii against this special form of the actio Publiciana.
Zur Textkonstitution und Editionsgeschichte von D. 27,1,6,14 (Mod. 2 excus.)
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Reconstruction and Editorial History of D. 27,1,6,14 (Mod. 2 excus.). The Codex Florentinus, sole witness of the complete Graeca Modestini, is partially illegible at D. 27,1,6,14. This paper argues that the damaged part read ἔθνους ἱερωσύνη, against Mommsen’s rendering (ἔθνους ἱεραρχία). It then reviews the paragraph’s editorial history.
Zum Text der epistula in D. 34,4,30,1 (Scaev. 20 dig.)
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

On the text of the epistula in D. 34,4,30,1 (Scaev. 20 dig.). The paper proposes to structure the epistula in D. 34,4,30,1 into a salutation, an affirmation of the following disposition, and the disposition. Over the course of the text’s tradition, parts of the disposition probably went lost, which led to a corruption.
Emendationen zu D. 29,1,2, D. 40,5,20 sowie C. 1,27,2,8
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Emendations to D. 29,1,2, D. 40,5,20 and C. 1,27,2,8. Mommsen’s and Krüger’s respective editions of D. 29,1,2, D. 40,5,20 and C. 1,27,2,8 have observo in stand with the accusative. It is argued that it should stand with the ablative.
The Zadar Fragment of the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum (or Lex Dei)
Authors: Frakes Robert M.
Published: August 2020

A fragment from the anonymous text known as the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum (The Collation of the Laws of Moses and of the Romans) or the Lex Dei (the Law of God) has recently been identified in the State Archives in Zadar, Croatia. The Collatio is a late antique collection of Old Testament strictures and passages from Roman jurists and Roman law which continues to be the subject of scholarly debate. Close examination of this new fragment in the context of the manuscript tradition of the work can give insight into the nature of the lost codex from which it came as well as shed light on the transmission of the Collatio in the Middle Ages.
ADVERTISING DESIGN FOR ACCESS STUDIO
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Abzal
Published: August 2020

Access Architect is an architectural design studio in Semarang, which was founded in 2016. As a company that is still relatively new, Access Architect faces competition from companies that have been engaged in this field before. But there is no promotional media with visual standardization that supports building and enchancing company image. On the other hand, the presence of promotional media is important because it directly relates to clients and remembers Access Architect as a company that is still relatively new. The design of promotional media created for Access Architect includes company profile and portfolio catalog, corporate identity applications, animated videos, and slider website. The manufacturing process is done by manual and digital techniques using Corel Draw and Adobe After Effects applications. The process of designing this promotional media goes through several stages of the work process, namely the preliminary process, pre-production process, the production process, and the post-production process. With the design of promotional media it is expected to help introduce Access Architect in the community, expand the marketing area, and improve the image of the company in order to compete with the competitors.
Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah Mandiri: Sebelum dan Sesudah Penerapan Good Corporate Governance
Authors: Sabirin Sabirin
Published: August 2020

This research aims to determine the Financial Performance Assessment Before and After Implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) seen from the ratio (1) Liquidity, (2) Profitability, and (3) Capital. The research method is quantitative research with a comparative approach. The ratio used to measure the financial performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri Tbk consists of the ratio of FDR, ROA, ROE, and CAR. The data analysis technique used is the data Normality and the Mann-Whitney test. The results of this study based on the normality test show that the data are normally distributed. The Mann-Whitney test results show that (1) after implementing GCG, liquidity ratio has satisfactory performance assessment compared to before the implementation of GCG. (2) After implementing GCG, profitability ratio has satisfactory performance assessment compared to before the implementation of GCG. (3) After implementing GCG, the capital ratio has a satisfactory performance assessment compared to before the implementation of GCG
Pengaruh Debt Covenant, Profitability, Exchange Rate, Mekanisme Bonus Pada Transfer Pricing
Authors: Prayudiawan Hepi , Pamungkas Jodie Dwi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of Debt Covenant, Profitability, Exchange Rate, and Bonus Mechanisms on the company’s decision to do Transfer Pricing. The independent variable in this study is transfer pricing which is proxied by the sale of related parties. The independent variables in this study are Debt Covenant, Profitability, Exchange Rate, and Bonus Mechanisms. This study used data from financial statements or annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange except for finance sector in 2016-2018. The results of the analysis of this study indicated that the Profitability variable influences the company’s decision to do Transfer Pricing, while Debt Covenant, Exchange Rate and Bonus Mechanism indicated that the variable did not affect the company’s decision to do Transfer Pricing
Determinants of Indonesia’s National Income: An Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Analysis
Authors: Astuti Prihartini Budi , Khasanah Nur
Published: August 2020

At the end of 2019, most countries experienced an economic slowdown due to a trade war between the United States and China. According to macroeconomic theory, aggregate demand is one of the factors that influence economic growth. This study aims to add the debate and fill the gap by studying the relationship between aggregate demand and economic growth in the case of Indonesia. Using an Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag analysis, the results indicate that in the long-run, household consumption and investment had a positive effect on Indonesia's national income in 2010-2019. It means that the government must continue to make policies to maintain the purchasing power of Indonesian consumers, so that public consumption remains high, and maintaining the investment climate to be more conducive. On the other hand, government expenditure and net exports variables have no impact on Indonesia's national income in 2010-2019.JEL Classification: E01, E12, O47How to Cite:Astuti, P. B., & Khasanah, N. (2020). Determinants of Indonesia’s National Income: An Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Analysis. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.14469.
Footwear Export Competitiveness of Indonesia and Vietnam
Authors: Abdulkadir Amanah , Afriana Wendra , Azis Harry Azhar
Published: August 2020

This research investigates the primary constraint causing the low competitiveness of Indonesian footwear exports compared to Vietnam with new information from a number of the latest studies. This study uses Reveal Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Trade Specialization Index (TSI). Differences in culture, economic structure, and firm rivalry all contribute to Indonesia's power competitiveness. This research adds a competitive advantage to study the factors that hamper the low competitiveness of Indonesian footwear against Vietnam. The results show that Indonesia's comparative advantage is more moderate than Vietnam, with an average RCA of 4, while Vietnam is 9. The average value of TSI is Indonesia close to 1 and Vietnam 1. The primary constraints are workers' wages higher than Vietnam, and business services such as R & D have not utilized. The development of the footwear industry policy must identify from upstream to downstream. The affirmative system made must be used to overcome short-medium term problems.JEL Classification: F13, F12, F17.How to Cite:Abdulkadir, A., Afriana, Wendra., & Azis, H. A. (2020). Footwear Export Competitiveness of Indonesia-Vietnam. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 269-284. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15404.
Determinants of Bank Stability in Indonesia
Authors: Kasri Rahmatina Awaliah , Azzahra Chairilisa
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyse the determinant of banks’ stability in Indonesia, which is very important to ensure that the country’s banking system could be more effective in supporting transmission of monetary policy and more resilient in facing financial crisis. To achieve the objective, this study collected a comprehensive dataset from 94 banks in Indonesia, covering both conventional and Islamic banks, during September 2015 - June 2019 period. The data is subsequently analysed by employing dynamic panel data model. The results show that the main factors that positively influenced banks’ stability in Indonesia are exchange rate, financial inclusion, asset returns, and credit/financing growth. However, interest rates are found to be negatively influenced the stability. The findings are expected to provide insights for policy makers and market players in ensuring that the banks’ stability could be well maintained in Indonesia. The results are also hoped to enrich literature in economics and banking, particularly in emerging markets like Indonesia.JEL Classification: G21.How to Cite:Kasri, R. A., & Azzahra, C. (2020). Determinants of Bank Stability in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 153-166. doi: http://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15598.
Household Food Security and Infant Adiposity
Authors: Benjamin-Neelon Sara E. , Allen Carter , Neelon Brian
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Food insecurity has been associated with obesity, but previous studies are inconsistent and few included infants. We examined associations between household food security and infant adiposity and assessed the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) as effect modifiers. We hypothesized that infants from food-insecure households would have greater adiposity, with attenuation by WIC and SNAP.

METHODS:

We repeatedly measured 666 infants from the southeastern United States in 2013–2017. We categorized households as high, marginal, low, or very low using the US Household Food Security Survey Module. Outcomes were BMI z score, subscapular and triceps skinfold-for-age z score, the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds, the ratio of subscapular and triceps skinfolds, and BMI z score ≥1 (at risk for overweight). We used covariate-adjusted repeated-measures linear and logistic regressions.

RESULTS:

Of infants, 68.6% were Black and 60.5% had household incomes <$20 000. Interactions between food security and WIC and/or SNAP were not significant. Compared with infants from high food security households, infants from very low food security households had higher BMI z scores (0.18 U; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.35), higher subscapular skinfold-for-age z scores (0.31 U; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.59), a higher sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds (0.53 mm; 95% CI 0.002 to 1.07), and greater odds of being at risk for overweight (odds ratio 1.55; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.10). Infants from low food security households had greater odds of being at risk for overweight (odds ratio 1.72; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.10).

CONCLUSIONS:

In larger and longer studies, researchers should examine food security and adiposity in young children.
Evaluation of Phytoseiidae mites and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on the control of Tetranychus urticae in Carica papaya L.
Authors: Mena Yuri Mercedes , Mesa Nora Cristina , Escobar Alexander , Pérez Santiago
Published: August 2020

In order to evaluate the establishment and biological effectivenessof the predators Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus and Chrysoperla carnea on populations of Tetranychus urticae, a trial was established at the farm “La Pola” (with a cumulative precipitation of 445.9 mm), located in the municipality of Roldanillo, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Anexperiment was performed under field conditions between September 2017 and May 2018 and using the papaya hybrid Tainung-1 between the stages of vegetative growth and fruit filling. Four treatments were established: T1: 12 releases of P. persimilis and N. californicus; T2: 10 releases of C. carnea; T3: treatment with no predator releases (control); and T4: grower’s practice (15 applications of pesticides) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment. Samples were collected every eight days by measuring the following variables: infestation percentage, number of fruits/plant, population of T. urticae, P. persimilis, N. californicus, and C. carnea/leaf and the diameter of the stem (every 30 d). The largest T. urticae populations were found in T3 and the lowest ones in T4. The populations of immature and adult T. urticae did not show significant differences between T1 and T2 but there were significant differences between T3 and T4. The variables diameter of the stem, number of leaves per plant, percentage of infestation, and number of fruits per plant showed significant differences between treatments. The T1 and T2 were equal to T3. T4 had the highest number of leaves and fruits per plant. The released predators did not control the populations of the mite T. urticae under the conditions of the present experiment.
Selection of sowing date and biofertilization as alternatives to improve the yield and profitability of the F68 rice variety
Authors: Quevedo-Amaya Yeison Mauricio , Beltrán-Medina José Isidro , Hoyos-Cartagena José Álvaro , Calderón-Carvajal John Edinson , Barragán-Quijano Eduardo
Published: August 2020

Multiple factors influence rice yield. Developing management practices that increase crop yield and an efficient use of resources are challenging to modern agriculture. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate biological nitrogen fixation and bacterial phosphorous solubilization (biofertilization) practices with the selection of the sowing date. Three sowing dates (May, July and August) were evaluated when interacting with two mineral nutrition treatments using a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement. Leaf carbon balance, leaf area index, interception and radiation use efficiency, harvest index, dry matter accumulation, nutritional status, and yield were quantified. Results showed that the maximum yield was obtained in the sowing date of August. Additionally, yield increased by 18.92% with the biofertilization treatment, reaching 35.18% of profitability compared to the local production practice. High yields were related to a higher carbon balance during flowering, which was 11.56% and 54.04% higher in August than in July and May, respectively, due to a lower night temperature. In addition, a high efficient use of radiation, which in August was 17.56% and 41.23% higher than in July and May, respectively, contributed to obtain higher yields and this behavior is related to the selection of the sowing date. Likewise, a rapid development of the leaf area index and an optimum foliar nitrogen concentration (>3%) were observed. This allowed for greater efficient use of radiation and is attributed to the activity of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria that also act as plant growth promoters.