bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2D Ionic Liquid‐Like State of Charged Rare‐Earth Clusters on a Metal Surface
Authors: Trainer Daniel , Lee Alex Taekyung , Sarkar Sanjoy , Singh Vijay , Cheng Xinyue , Dandu Naveen K. , Latt Kyaw Zin , Wang Shaoze , Ajayi Tolulope Michael , Premarathna Sineth , Facemyer David , Curtiss Larry A. , Ulloa Sergio E. , Ngo Anh T. , Masson Eric , Hla Saw Wai
Published: January 2024

Rare‐earth complexes are vital for separation chemistry and useful in many advanced applications including emission and energy upconversion. Here, 2D rare‐earth clusters having net charges are formed on a metal surface, enabling investigations of their structural and electronic properties on a one‐cluster‐at‐a‐time basis using scanning tunneling microscopy. While these ionic complexes are highly mobile on the surface at ≈100 K, their mobility is greatly reduced at 5 K and reveals stable and self‐limiting clusters. In each cluster, a pair of charged rare‐earth complexes formed by electrostatic and dispersive interactions act as a basic unit, and the clusters are chiral. Unlike other non‐ionic molecular clusters formed on the surfaces, these rare‐earth clusters show mechanical stability. Moreover, their high mobility on the surface suggests that they are in a 2D liquid‐like state.
Unraveling the Mechanism of the Light‐Triggered Synaptic Plasticity in Organic Photoelectric Synaptic Transistors
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhang Mingxin , Lin Fengyuan , Zhao Guodong , Wei Zhipeng , Ni Yanping , Li Juntong , Yu Hongyan , Zhao Xiaoli , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun
Published: January 2024

Light‐triggered synaptic plasticity (LTSP) induced by electron trapping in organic photoelectric synaptic transistors (OPSTs) offers potential prospects in neuromorphic wearable artificial intelligence. However, a consistent and universal comprehend for LTSP behaviors especially on oxygen effect in OPSTs is still a critical challenge hindering their practical applications. A mechanism on strong dependency between the oxygen‐induced and polar‐group electron trapping in OPSTs, is successfully unveiled in this study for the first time. And the interaction between the oxygen and polar dielectric interface can be enhanced by properly modulating the specific surface area of thin‐film semiconductors. This effectively binds the oxygen near conducting channel and further improves the trapping efficiency for photogenerated electrons, undergoing the time‐dependent photocurrent generation and subsequent prolonged decay, forming the typical LTSP behaviors. These experimental demonstrations differ from previous reports and therefore may contribute an innovative perspective in the design of functional layers for high‐performance OPST devices.
Gold nanoclusters encapsulated microneedle patches with antibacterial and self‐monitoring capacities for wound management
Authors: Yi Kexin , Yu Yunru , Fan Lu , Wang Li , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: January 2024

The management of infected wounds is always of great significance and urgency in clinical and biomedical fields. Recent efforts in this area are focusing on the development of functional wound patches with effective antibacterial, drug delivery, and sensor properties. Here, we present novel hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle patches with these features by encapsulating aminobenzeneboronic acid‐modified gold nanoclusters (A‐GNCs) for infected wound management. The A‐GNCs loaded microneedle patches were derived from negative‐mold replication and showed high mechanical strength to penetrate the skin. The release of the A‐GNCs was realized by the degradation of HA, and the self‐monitor of the released actives was based on the dynamic bright orange fluorescence emitted from A‐GNCs under ultraviolet radiation. As the A‐GNCs could destroy bacteria membranes, the microneedle patches were with excellent in vitro antibiosis ability. Based on these features, we have demonstrated the bacteria inhibition, residual drug self‐monitoring, and wound healing promotion abilities of the microneedle patches in Escherichia coli‐ or Staphylococcus aureus‐infected wound management. These results indicated the great potential of such A‐GNCs loaded microneedle patches for clinical applications.
Essential thrombocythemia: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Barbui Tiziano
Published: January 2024

Overview

Essential thrombocythemia is a Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation‐prevalent myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal thrombocytosis; clinical course is often indolent but might be interrupted by thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications, microcirculatory symptoms (e.g., headaches, lightheadedness, and acral paresthesias), and, less frequently, by disease transformation into myelofibrosis (MF) or acute myeloid leukemia.

Diagnosis

In addition to thrombocytosis (platelets ≥450 × 109/L), formal diagnosis requires the exclusion of other myeloid neoplasms, including prefibrotic MF, polycythemia vera, chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis. Bone marrow morphology typically shows increased number of mature‐appearing megakaryocytes distributed in loose clusters.

Genetics: Approximately 80% of patients express myeloproliferative neoplasm driver mutations (JAK2, CALR, MPL), in a mutually exclusive manner; in addition, about 50% harbor other mutations, the most frequent being TET2 (9%–11%), ASXL1 (7%–20%), DNMT3A (7%), and SF3B1 (5%). Abnormal karyotype is seen in <10% of patients and includes +9/20q−/13q‐.

Survival and Prognosis

Life expectancy is less than that of the control population. Median survival is approximately 18 years but exceeds >35 years in younger patients. The triple A survival risk model, based on Age, Absolute neutrophil count, and Absolute lymphocyte count, effectively delineates high‐, intermediate‐1‐, intermediate‐2‐, and low‐risk disease with corresponding median survivals of 8, 14, 21, and 47 years.

Risk Factors for Thrombosis

Four risk categories are considered: very low (age ≤60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild‐type), low (same as very low but JAK2 mutation present), intermediate (same as low but age >60 years), and high (thrombosis history or age >60 years with JAK2 mutation).

Mutations and Prognosis

MPL and CALR‐1 mutations have been associated with increased risk of MF transformation; spliceosome with inferior overall and MF‐free survival; TP53 with leukemic transformation, and JAK2V617F with thrombosis. Leukemic transformation rate at 10 years is <1% but might be higher in JAK2‐mutated patients with extreme thrombocytosis and those with abnormal karyotype.

Treatment

The main goal of therapy is to prevent thrombosis. In this regard, once‐daily low‐dose aspirin is advised for all patients and twice daily for low‐risk disease. Cytoreductive therapy is advised for high‐risk and optional for intermediate‐risk disease. First‐line cytoreductive drugs of choice are hydroxyurea and pegylated interferon‐α and second‐line busulfan.

Additional Content

The current review includes specific treatment strategies in the context of extreme thrombocytosis, pregnancy, splanchnic vein thrombosis, perioperative care, and post‐essential thrombocythemia MF, as well as new investigational drugs.
Cognition and saccadic eye movement performance are impaired in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Cvancara David J. , Wood Heather A. , Aboueisha Mohamed , Marshall Thomas B. , Kao Tzu‐Cheg , Phillips James O. , Humphreys Ian M. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Lehmann Ashton E. , Kojima Yoshiko , Jafari Aria
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can experience cognitive dysfunction. The literature on this topic mostly reflects patient‐reported measurements. Our goal was to assess cognitive function in patients with CRS using objective measures, including saccadic eye movements—a behavioral response reflecting cognitive and sensory information integration that is often compromised in conditions with impaired cognition.

Methods

Participants (N = 24 with CRS, N = 23 non‐CRS healthy controls) enrolled from rhinology clinic underwent sinonasal evaluation, quality of life assessment (Sino‐nasal Outcome Test 22 [SNOT‐22]), and cognitive assessment with the Neuro‐QOL Cognitive Function‐Short Form, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and recording of eye movements using video‐oculography.

Results

Participants with CRS were more likely to report cognitive dysfunction (Neuro‐QOL; 45.8% vs. 8.7%; p = 0.005) and demonstrate mild or greater cognitive impairment (MoCA; 41.7% vs. 8.7%; p = 0.005) than controls. Additionally, participants with CRS performed worse on the MoCA overall and within the executive functioning and memory domains (all p < 0.05) and on the anti‐saccade (p = 0.014) and delay saccade (p = 0.044) eye movement tasks. Poorer performance on the MoCA (r = −0.422; p = 0.003) and the anti‐saccade (r = −0.347; p = 0.017) and delay saccade (r = −0.419; p = 0.004) eye movement tasks correlated with worse CRS severity according to SNOT‐22 scores.

Conclusion

This study is the first to utilize objective eye movement assessments in addition to researcher‐administered cognitive testing in patients with CRS. These patients demonstrated a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, most notably within executive functioning and memory domains, with the degree of dysfunction correlating with the severity of CRS.
ChatGPT‐4 performance in rhinology: A clinical case series
Authors: Radulesco Thomas , Saibene Alberto Maria , Michel Justin , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Lechien Jérôme R.
Published: January 2024

Key points

Chatbot Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT)‐4 indicated more than twice additional examinations than practitioners in the management of clinical cases in rhinology.

The consistency between ChatGPT‐4 and practitioner in the indication of additional examinations may significantly vary from one examination to another.

The ChatGPT‐4 proposed a plausible and correct primary diagnosis in 62.5% cases, while pertinent and necessary additional examinations and therapeutic regimen were indicated in 7.5%–30.0% and 7.5%–32.5% of cases, respectively.

The stability of ChatGPT‐4 responses is moderate‐to‐high. The performance of ChatGPT‐4 was not influenced by the human‐reported level of difficulty of clinical cases.
Decoding Nanomaterial‐Biosystem Interactions through Machine Learning
Authors: Dhoble Sagar , Wu Tzu‐Hsien , Kenry
Published: January 2024

The interactions between biosystems and nanomaterials regulate most of their theranostic and nanomedicine applications. These nanomaterial‐biosystem interactions are highly complex and influenced by a number of entangled factors, including but not limited to the physicochemical features of nanomaterials, the types and characteristics of the interacting biosystems, and the properties of the surrounding microenvironments. Over the years, different experimental approaches coupled with computational modeling have revealed important insights into these interactions, although many outstanding questions remain unanswered. The emergence of machine learning has provided a timely and unique opportunity to revisit nanomaterial‐biosystem interactions and to further push the boundary of this field. This minireview highlights the development and use of machine learning to decode nanomaterial‐biosystem interactions and provides our perspectives on the current challenges and potential opportunities in this field.
Green Light Promoted Iridium(III)/Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Alkynes to Aziridinoquinoxalines Through the Intermediacy of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Zhelavskyi Oleksii , Parikh Seren , Jhang Yin‐Jia , Staples Richard J. , Zimmerman Paul M. , Nagorny Pavel
Published: January 2024

This manuscript describes the development of alkyne addition to the aziridine moiety of aziridinoquinoxalines using dual Ir(III)/Cu(I) catalytic system under green light‐emitting diode (LED) photolysis (λmax=525 nm). This mild method features high levels of chemo‐ and regioselectivity and was used to generate 30 highly functionalized substituted dihydroquinoxalines in 36–98 % yield. This transformation was also carried asymmetrically using phthalazinamine‐based chiral ligand to provide 9 chiral addition products in 96 : 4 to 86 : 14 e.r. The experimental and quantum chemical explorations of this reaction suggest a mechanism that involves Ir(III)‐catalyzed triplet energy transfer followed by a ring‐opening reaction ultimately leading to the formation of azomethine ylide intermediates. These azomethine intermediates undergo sequential protonation/copper(I) acetylide addition to provide the products.
Dipole Coupling Accelerated H2O Dissociation by Magnesium‐Based Intermetallic Catalysts
Authors: Guan Haotian , Liu Yijia , Hu Xinmeng , Wu Jiazhen , Ye Tian‐Nan , Lu Yangfan , Hosono Hideo , Li Qian , Pan Fusheng
Published: January 2024

The water (H2O) dissociation is critical for various H2O‐associated reactions, including water gas shift, hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrolysis corrosion. While the d‐band center concept offers a catalyst design guideline for H2O activation, it cannot be applied to intermetallic or main group elements‐based systems because Coulomb interaction was not considered. Herein, using hydrolysis corrosion of Mg as an example, we illustrate the critical role of the dipole of the intermetallic catalysts for H2O dissociation. The H2O dissociation kinetics can be enhanced using MgxMey (Me=Co, Ni, Cu, Si and Al) as catalysts, and the hydrogen generation rate of Mg2Ni‐loaded Mg reached 80 times as high as Ni‐loaded Mg. The adsorbed H2O molecules strongly couple with the Mg−Me dipole of MgxMey, lowering the H2O dissociation barrier. The dipole‐based H2O dissociation mechanism is applicable to non‐transition metal‐based systems, such as Mg2Si and Mg17Al12, offering a flexible catalyst design strategy for controllable H2O dissociation.
Probing a Major DNA Weakness: Resolving the Groove and Sequence Selectivity of the Diimine Complex Λ‐[Ru(phen)2phi]2+
Authors: Prieto Otoya Tayler D. , McQuaid Kane T. , Hennessy Joseph , Menounou Georgia , Gibney Alex , Paterson Neil G. , Cardin David J. , Kellett Andrew , Cardin Christine J.
Published: January 2024

The grooves of DNA provide recognition sites for many nucleic acid binding proteins and anticancer drugs such as the covalently binding cisplatin. Here we report a crystal structure showing, for the first time, groove selectivity by an intercalating ruthenium complex. The complex Λ‐[Ru(phen)2phi]2+, where phi=9,10‐phenanthrenediimine, is bound to the DNA decamer duplex d(CCGGTACCGG)2. The structure shows that the metal complex is symmetrically bound in the major groove at the central TA/TA step, and asymmetrically bound in the minor groove at the adjacent GG/CC steps. A third type of binding links the strands, in which each terminal cytosine base stacks with one phen ligand. The overall binding stoichiometry is four Ru complexes per duplex. Complementary biophysical measurements confirm the binding preference for the Λ‐enantiomer and show a high affinity for TA/TA steps and, more generally, TA‐rich sequences. A striking enantiospecific elevation of melting temperatures is found for oligonucleotides which include the TATA box sequence.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the 1,3‐Dienyl‐5‐Alkyl‐6‐Oxy Motif: Method Development and Total Synthesis
Authors: Wang Jie , Guo Chuning , Liu Yaqian , Ji Yunpeng , Jia Hongli , Li Houhua
Published: January 2024

The 1,3‐dienyl‐5‐alkyl‐6‐oxy motif is widely found in various types of bioactive natural products. However, present synthesis is mainly non‐asymmetric which relied upon different olefination or transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions using enantioenriched precursors. Herein, based upon a newly developed enantioselective α‐alkylation of conjugated polyenoic acids, a variety of 1,3‐dienyl‐5‐alkyl‐6‐oxy motif (with E‐configured internal olefin) was generated as the corresponding α‐adducts in a highly enantioselective and diastereoselective manner. Utilizing 1,3‐dienyl‐5‐alkyl‐6‐oxy motif as key intermediates, we further demonstrated their synthetic potential by expedient total syntheses of three types of natural products (glutarimide antibiotics, α‐pyrone polyketides and Lupin alkaloids) within 4–7 steps.
Concentration of docosahexsaenoic acid from tuna oil by a combination of solvent crystallization and lipase‐catalyzed ethanolysis
Authors: Park Mi Soon , Wee Chido , Lee Junsoo , Kim Byung Hee , Kim Hak‐Ryul , Kim In‐Hwan
Published: January 2024

The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was concentrated from tuna oil fatty acid using solvent crystallization combined with lipase‐catalyzed ethanolysis. In the first step, solvent crystallization was carried out to concentrate DHA from tuna oil fatty acid using acetonitrile as a solvent. The optimal conditions of solvent crystallization were the crystallization temperature of −40°C and the fatty acid to solvent ratio of 1:8 (w/v). This step increased the DHA content in the original tuna oil fatty acid from 22% up to 61%. In the second step, lipase‐catalyzed ethanolysis was conducted with DHA‐enriched fatty acid from the first step using Lipozyme RM IM (from Rhizomucor miehei) as a biocatalyst. The optimum conditions of this second step were the reaction temperature of 20°C and the molar ratio of 1:1 (fatty acid to ethanol). Overall, DHA enrichment with purity of 85% was obtained by the two step processes.
Hydrophobically modified nano‐SiO2 in situ loaded on polyurethane foam as a potential carrier for marine oil spill
Authors: Hu Yan , Ren Longfang , Tang Zheng , Qiang Taotao
Published: January 2024

In order to enhance the oil–water separation properties of polyurethane foam (PFU), hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (H‐SiO2 NPs) were firstly prepared by incorporating long alkyl chains into silica nanoparticles, and then, it was combined with PFU by in situ loading to fabricate a hydrophobic PFU (H‐SiO2 NPs/PUF). When the loading amount of H‐SiO2 NPs was 10%, the water contact angle of the modified foam H‐SiO2 NPs/PUF‐10 reached 147 ± 1°, which proved it was highly hydrophobic. The elongation at break of the foam was increased by 202%, which indicated that it had better resilience and recyclability. In addition, the total pore area and porosity were increased to 16.24 m2/g and 88.43% from 5.46 m2/g and 2.11%, which provided more storage space for adsorption. The oil–water separation experiment showed that the adsorption capacity for most light oils was 11–13 g/g, and that for dichloromethane was as high as 40.5 g/g. After 10 adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity only decreased from 15.6 to 14.5 g/g, which was still 93% of the initial adsorption capacity. H‐SiO2 NPs/PUF represents good adsorption capacity, recyclability, and recyclability, so it as a carrier has a potential application in the treatment of marine oil spills.
Enhancing fabrication of hybrid microfluidic devices through silane‐based bonding: A focus on polydimethylsiloxane‐cyclic olefin copolymer and PDMS‐lithium niobate
Authors: Agha Abdulrahman , Dawaymeh Fadi , Alamoodi Nahla , Alazzam Anas
Published: January 2024

Effective manipulation and control of fluids in microfluidic channels requires robust bonding between the different components. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely employed in microchannel fabrication due to its affordability, biocompatibility, and straightforward fabrication process. However, PDMS's low surface energy poses challenges in bonding with many organic and inorganic substrates, hindering the development of hybrid microfluidic devices. In this study, a simple and versatile three step process is presented for bonding PDMS microchannels with organic (cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)) and inorganic substrates (lithium niobate (LiNbO3)) using plasma activation and a silane coupling agent. Initially, the PDMS surface undergoes oxygen/argon plasma activation, followed by functionalization with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). Subsequently, the COC or LiNbO3 is plasma activated and brought into contact with PDMS under a load at a specific temperature. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurements confirmed the successful treatment of the substrates. In addition, bonding strength of the fabricated hybrid devices was assessed through leakage and tensile tests. Under optimized conditions (100°C and 4% v/v APTES), PDMS‐COC hybrid microchannels achieved a flow rate of 600 mL/h without leakage and a tensile strength of 562 kPa. Conversely, the PDMS‐ LiNbO3 assembly demonstrated a flow rate of 216 mL/h before leakage, with a tensile strength of 334 kPa. This bonding method exhibits significant potential and versatility for various materials in microfluidic applications, ranging from biomedical research to enhanced oil recovery.
CCL19‐Positive Lymph Node Stromal Cells Govern the Onset of Inflammatory Arthritis via Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase
Authors: Schälter Fabian , Azizov Vugar , Frech Michael , Dürholz Kerstin , Schmid Eva , Hendel Anna , Sarfati Ilann , Maeda Yuichi , Sokolova Maria , Miyagawa Ippei , Focke Kristin , Sarter Kerstin , van Baarsen Lisa G. M. , Krautwald Stefan , Schett Georg , Zaiss Mario M.
Published: January 2024

Objective

The study objective was to assess the role of CCL19+ lymph node stromal cells of the joint‐draining popliteal lymph node (pLN) for the development of arthritis.

Methods

CCL19+ lymph node stromal cells were spatiotemporally depleted for five days in the pLN before the onset of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) using Ccl19‐Cre × iDTR mice. In addition, therapeutic treatment with recombinant CCL19–immunoglobulin G (IgG), locally injected in the footpad, was used to confirm the results. RNA sequencing of lymph node stromal cells combined with T cell coculture assays using tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) family inhibitors together with in vivo local pLN small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments were used to elucidate the pathway by which CCL19+ lymph node stromal cells initiate the onset of arthritis.

Results

Spatiotemporal depletion of CCL19+ lymph node stromal cells prevented disease onset in CIA mice. These inhibitory effects could be mimicked by local CCL19‐IgG treatment. The messenger RNA sequencing analyses showed that CCL19+ lymph node stromal cells down‐regulated the expression of the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) just before disease onset. Blocking TrkA in lymph node stromal cells led to increased T cell proliferation in in vitro coculture assays. Similar effects were observed with the pan‐Trk inhibitor larotrectinib in cocultures of lymph node stromal cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and T cells. Finally, local pLN treatment with TrkA inhibitor and TrkA siRNA led to exacerbated arthritis scores.

Conclusion

CCL19+ lymph node stromal cells are crucially involved in the development of inflammatory arthritis. Therefore, targeting of CCL19+ lymph node stromal cells via TRK could provide a tool to prevent arthritis.
New Alpiniamide‐Type Polyketide with Antibiofilm Activities from the Marine‐Derived Streptomyces sp. ZS‐A65
Authors: Pu Fanqi , Fang Jiebin , Li Wenshuo , Zhang Bin , Hong Xinyi , Xu Lei , Li Xihui , Jiang Yongjun
Published: January 2024

Two new alpiniamide‐type polyketides, alpiniamides H−I (1‐2), in addition to four recognized compounds, were discovered in Streptomyces sp. ZSA65 derived from the marine sediments. The planar structure and absolute configuration of alpiniamides H−I were elucidated using a combination of 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS data analysis, Mosher's method and ECD calculations. The antibiofilm and antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa were evaluated using the microdilution method. Notably, Compound 2 exhibited strong antibiofilm property.
Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia with and without prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Kerry Jed , Tan Grace Kuen Yee , Panton Kirsten R. , Mutch Raewyn , Freeman Jacinta , Passmore Hayley , Pestell Carmela F.
Published: January 2024

Background/Aims

Youth with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are under‐recognised in the justice system, warranting improved identification. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological profiles of adolescents, with and without PAE and identify neuropsychological tasks predictive of PAE‐group membership. It was hypothesised that participants with PAE would score significantly lower on neuropsychological tests.

Methods

Participants included 85 young people sentenced to detention (mean 15.7 years, 78 males), 46 with PAE. A one‐way‐multivariate analysis of variance tested differences in neuropsychological functioning between PAE/No‐PAE groups, while logistic regression determined tests predictive of PAE.

Results

No statistically significant difference in test scores emerged between groups, and regression was not indicative of any models predictive of PAE‐group membership. Neuropsychological profiles were characterised by both strengths and weaknesses, with lower verbal and mathematical skills.

Conclusion(s)

While no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, the results provided a unique insight into the neurocognitive profile of Australian youth in detention. Routine screening assessments were recommended for young people sentenced to detention.
Support‐induced structural changes in CO2 hydrogenation to higher alcohols over metal/oxide catalysts
Authors: Li Xia , Song Mengyang , Zhou Ying , Zhou Penghui , Xu Di , Liu Tangkang , Hong Xinlin
Published: January 2024

CO2 emissions have received a great deal of attention in recent years. The hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols (HA) by heterogeneous catalysis is a promising artificial carbon cycle pathway, which has important significance for mitigating energy and environmental problems. Among the heterogeneous catalysts, supported catalysts exhibit unique catalytic activity due to their abundance of surface‐tunable active sites such as oxygen vacancies, surface acidic/basic sites, and active hydroxyl groups. Given the complexity in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction networks, however, it is very challenging to reveal the nature and role of unique interfaces/sites induced by oxide support. Herein, we review the progress of several common oxide supports in the CO2 hydrogenation to HA over the last decades, and illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of the oxide‐induced synergy on the activation of intermediates and the C−C coupling reactions. Based on this, we also discuss the present challenges associated with the HA synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation, as well as the thinking oriented on oxide support‐induced structure changes to improve the selectivity and productivity of HA.
Photochemical Action Plots Reveal Red‐shifted Wavelength‐dependent Photoproduct Distributions
Authors: Carroll Joshua A. , Pashley‐Johnson Fred , Frisch Hendrik , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: January 2024

Photochemical action plots are a powerful tool for mapping photochemical reaction outcomes wavelength‐by‐wavelength. Typically, they map either the depletion of a reactant or the formation of a specific product as a function of wavelength. Herein, we exploit action plots to simultaneously map the formation of several photochemical products from a single chromophore. We demonstrate that the wavelength‐resolved mapping of two reaction products formed during the irradiation of a chalcone species not only shows wavelength dependence – exhibiting the typical strong red‐shift of the photochemical reactivity compared to the absorbance spectrum of the chromophore – but also a strong wavelength selectivity with remarkably different product distributions resulting from different irradiation wavelengths.
Super‐Resolution Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy with Graphical User Interface–Supported A‐PoD
Authors: Jang Hongje , Li Yajuan , Wu Shuang , Shi Lingyan
Published: January 2024

Raman microscopy is a vibrational imaging technology that can detect molecular chemical bond vibrational signals. Since this signal is originated from almost every vibrational mode of molecules with different vibrational energy levels, it provides spatiotemporal distribution of various molecules in living organisms without the need for any labeling. The limitations of low signal strength in Raman microscopy have been effectively addressed by incorporating a stimulated emission process, leading to the development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Furthermore, the issue of low spatial resolution has been resolved through the application of computational techniques, specifically image deconvolution. In this article, we present a comprehensive guide to super‐resolution SRS microscopy using an Adam‐based pointillism deconvolution (A‐PoD) algorithm, complemented by a user‐friendly graphical user interface (GUI). We delve into the crucial parameters and conditions necessary for achieving super‐resolved images through SRS imaging. Additionally, we provide a step‐by‐step walkthrough of the preprocessing steps and the use of GUI‐supported A‐PoD. This complete package offers a user‐friendly platform for super‐resolution SRS microscopy, enhancing the versatility and applicability of this advanced microscopy technique to reveal nanoscopic multimolecular nature. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Super‐resolution stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with graphical user interface–supported A‐PoD

Support Protocol: Deuterium labeling on cells with heavy water for metabolic imaging
Brief webcam test of hand movements predicts episodic memory, executive function, and working memory in a community sample of cognitively asymptomatic older adults
Authors: Li Renjie , Wang Xinyi , Lawler Katherine , Garg Saurabh , St George Rebecca J. , Bindoff Aidan D. , Bartlett Larissa , Roccati Eddy , King Anna E. , Vickers James C. , Bai Quan , Alty Jane
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

Low‐cost simple tests for preclinical Alzheimer's disease are a research priority. We evaluated whether remote unsupervised webcam recordings of finger‐tapping were associated with cognitive performance in older adults.

METHODS

A total of 404 cognitively‐asymptomatic participants (64.6 [6.77] years; 70.8% female) completed 10‐second finger‐tapping tests (Tasmanian [TAS] Test) and cognitive tests (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery [CANTAB]) online at home. Regression models including hand movement features were compared with null models (comprising age, sex, and education level); change in Akaike Information Criterion greater than 2 (ΔAIC > 2) denoted statistical difference.

RESULTS

Hand movement features improved prediction of episodic memory, executive function, and working memory scores (ΔAIC > 2). Dominant hand features outperformed nondominant hand features for episodic memory (ΔAIC = 2.5), executive function (ΔAIC = 4.8), and working memory (ΔAIC = 2.2).

DISCUSSION

This brief webcam test improved prediction of cognitive performance compared to age, sex, and education. Finger‐tapping holds potential as a remote language‐agnostic screening tool to stratify community cohorts at risk for cognitive decline.
Paired acoustic recordings and point count surveys reveal Clark's nutcracker and whitebark pine associations across Glacier National Park
Authors: Kovalenko Vladimir , Doser Jeffrey W. , Bate Lisa J. , Six Diana L.
Published: January 2024

Global declines in tree populations have led to dramatic shifts in forest ecosystem composition, biodiversity, and functioning. These changes have consequences for both forest plant and wildlife communities, particularly when declining species are involved in coevolved mutualisms. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a declining keystone species in western North American high‐elevation ecosystems and an obligate mutualist of Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), an avian seed predator and disperser. By leveraging traditional point count surveys and passive acoustic monitoring, we investigated how stand characteristics of whitebark pine in a protected area (Glacier National Park, Montana, USA) influenced occupancy and vocal activity patterns in Clark's nutcracker. Using Bayesian spatial occupancy models and generalized linear mixed models, we found that habitat use of Clark's nutcracker was primarily supported by greater cone density and increasing diameter of live whitebark pine. Additionally, we demonstrated the value of performing parallel analyses with traditional point count surveys and passive acoustic monitoring to provide multiple lines of evidence for relationships between Clark's nutcracker and whitebark pine forest characteristics. Our findings allow managers to gauge the whitebark pine conditions important for retaining high nutcracker visitation and prioritize management efforts in whitebark pine ecosystems with low nutcracker visitation.
Analysing and evaluating environmental flows through hydrological methods in the regulated Indus River Basin
Authors: Mehmood Kashif , Tischbein Bernhard , Mahmood Rashid , Borgemeister Christian , Flörke Martina , Akhtar Fazlullah
Published: January 2024

Environmental flows (EFs), essential for upholding the ecological integrity of rivers and aquatic habitats, have been disrupted significantly by diverting water for agricultural, industrial and domestic uses. This underscores the imperative of implementing sustainable water resource management to harmonize agricultural and environmental needs. The study was conducted in the Indus River Basin (IRB), a region extensively transformed by human interventions. EFs were determined through various techniques, including the flow duration curve shifting method, flow duration curve analysis, low‐flow indices, the Tennant method, the Smakhtin approach, the Tessmann method and the Pastor method. Analysing the estimated EFs alongside downstream flows unveiled specific timeframes (days, months and seasons) of unmet EF requirements. To safeguard the downstream ecosystems, the following EFs were estimated for the respective locations: 880 m3/s (38% of the mean annual flow [MAF]) for the Indus River at Tarbela Dam, 412 m3/s (48% of the MAF) for the Jhelum at Mangla Dam, 425 m3/s (44% of the MAF) for the Chenab at Marala headworks, 389 m3/s (56% of MAF) for the Ravi at Balloki headworks, 184 m3/s (50% of MAF) for the Sutlej at Sulemanki headworks and 231 m3/s (38% of MAF) below Kotri Barrage. The study revealed that violations of EFs occurred 41%, 43%, 44% and 52% of the time during the study period for the Chenab at Marala headworks, the Ravi at Balloki headworks, the Sutlej at Sulemanki headworks and the Indus River at the Kotri Barrage, respectively. The results highlighted that the Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej rivers are particularly susceptible to vulnerability, as the estimated EFs were not consistently upheld in these rivers. These findings underscore the urgent need to take appropriate measures to ensure EFs are not violated, thus safeguarding the downstream ecosystems.
Multifactorial risk factors for hospital readmissions among patients with symptoms of advanced heart failure
Authors: Malhotra Chetna , Chaudhry Isha , Keong Yeo Khung , Sim Kheng Leng David
Published: January 2024

Aims

Economic burden of heart failure is attributed to hospital readmissions. Previous studies assessing risk factors for readmissions have focused on single group of risk factors, were limited to 30‐day readmissions, or did not account for competing risk of mortality. This study investigates the biological, socio‐economic, and behavioural risk factors predicting hospital readmissions while accounting for the competing risk of mortality.

Methods and results

In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 250 patients hospitalized with symptoms of advanced heart failure [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III and IV] between July 2017 and April 2019. We analysed their baseline survey data and their hospitalization records over the next 4.5 years (July 2017 to January 2022). We used a joint‐frailty model to determine the multifactorial risk factors for all‐cause and unplanned hospital readmissions and mortality. At the time of recruitment, patients' mean (SD) age was 66 (12) years, majority being male (72%) and NYHA class IV (68%) with reduced ejection fraction (72%). 87% of the patients had poor self‐care behaviours, 51% had diabetes and 56% had weak grip strength. Within 2 years of a hospital admission, 74% of the patients had at least one readmission. Among all readmissions during follow‐up, 68% were unplanned. Results from the multivariable regression analysis shows that the independent risk factors for hospital readmissions were biologic—weak grip strength [hazard ratio (95% CI): 1.59 (1.06, 2.13)], poor functional status [1.79 (0.98, 2.61)], diabetes [1.42 (0.97, 1.86)]; behavioural—poor self‐care [1.66 (0.84, 2.49)], and socio‐economic—preference for maximal life extension at high cost for those with high education [1.98 (1.17, 2.80)]. Risk factors for unplanned hospital readmissions were similar. A higher hospital readmission rate increased the risk of mortality [1.86 (1.23, 2.50)]. Other risk factors for mortality were biologic—weak grip strength [3.65 (0.57, 6.73)], diabetes [2.52 (0.62, 4.42)], socio‐economic—lower education [2.45 (0.37, 4.53)], and being married [2.53 (0.37, 4.69)]. Having a private health insurance [0.40 (0.08, 0.73)] lowered the risk for mortality.

Conclusions

Risk factors for hospital readmissions and mortality are multifactorial. Many of these factors, such as weak grip strength, diabetes, poor self‐care behaviours, are potentially modifiable and should be routinely assessed and managed in cardiac clinics and hospital admissions.
Integration of implantable device therapy in patients with heart failure. A clinical consensus statement from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Authors: Mullens Wilfried , Dauw Jeroen , Gustafsson Finn , Mebazaa Alexandre , Steffel Jan , Witte Klaus K. , Delgado Victoria , Linde Cecilia , Vernooy Kevin , Anker Stefan D. , Chioncel Ovidiu , Milicic Davor , Hasenfuß Gerd , Ponikowski Piotr , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan , Koehler Friedrich , Ruschitzka Frank , Damman Kevin , Schwammenthal Ehud , Testani Jeffrey M. , Zannad Faiez , Böhm Michael , Cowie Martin R. , Dickstein Kenneth , Jaarsma Tiny , Filippatos Gerasimos , Volterrani Maurizio , Thum Thomas , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Moura Brenda , Rakisheva Amina , Ristic Arsen , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Van Linthout Sophie , Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele , Savarese Gianluigi , Skouri Hadi , Adamo Marianna , Amir Offer , Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan , Simpson Maggie , Tokmakova Mariya , González Arantxa , Piepoli Massimo , Seferovic Petar , Metra Marco , Coats Andrew J.S. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C.
Published: January 2024

Implantable devices form an integral part of the management of patients with heart failure (HF) and provide adjunctive therapies in addition to cornerstone drug treatment. Although the number of these devices is growing, only few are supported by robust evidence. Current devices aim to improve haemodynamics, improve reverse remodelling, or provide electrical therapy. A number of these devices have guideline recommendations and some have been shown to improve outcomes such as cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators and long‐term mechanical support. For others, more evidence is still needed before large‐scale implementation can be strongly advised. Of note, devices and drugs can work synergistically in HF as improved disease control with devices can allow for further optimization of drug therapy. Therefore, some devices might already be considered early in the disease trajectory of HF patients, while others might only be reserved for advanced HF. As such, device therapy should be integrated into HF care programmes. Unfortunately, implementation of devices, including those with the greatest evidence, in clinical care pathways is still suboptimal. This clinical consensus document of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) describes the physiological rationale behind device‐provided therapy and also device‐guided management, offers an overview of current implantable device options recommended by the guidelines and proposes a new integrated model of device therapy as a part of HF care.
Palladium(II)‐Imidoyl Complexes: A New Piece in the Puzzle of Organopalladium Anticancer Agents
Authors: Bortolamiol Enrica , Novaselich Sofia , Tupini Chiara , Fagnani Sofia , Gambari Roberto , Demitri Nicola , Lampronti Ilaria , Visentin Fabiano , Scattolin Thomas
Published: January 2024

Our search of new organopalladium compounds able to promote an effective antiproliferative action towards ovarian cancer cells continues. In this paper we have examined for the first time the anticancer activity of palladium imidoyl complexes, for which two different types of phosphines have been chosen as ancillary ligands: i) PTA and DAPTA to take advantage from their solubility in aqueous environment, and ii) dppf for combining the action of the Pd‐imidoyl fragment with that, well‐known, of ferrocene. The synthetic protocols as well as the exhaustive characterisation of the complexes through spectroscopic and diffractometric methods are described. In vitro tests carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of the new compounds towards two ovarian cancer cell lines (one cisplatin sensitive and the other cisplatin resistant) have revealed an interesting effect of the halide coordinated to the palladium centre (halogen effect). Moreover, all complexes have shown the same activity against the cisplatin‐sensitive (A2780) and cisplatin‐resistant (A2780cis) cell lines, suggesting a different mode of action with respect to the “classical” platinum‐based drugs. Finally, a selection of the most active compounds has shown an interesting selectivity towards ovarian cancer cells.
Effectiveness of repairing yielding anchor rods in exposed column bases in steel structures
Authors: Lin Kun‐Sian , Kurata Masahiro , Pettinga Didier , Suzuki Yoshitaka , Matsuo Shintaro , Perea Tiziano , Ito Michio
Published: January 2024

One of the features of Japanese structural steel design is an economical design option for yielding exposed column bases before first‐story columns, namely weak‐base/strong‐column design, which is unlike the strict capacity design for column bases. This study aims to develop a repair methodology that identifies damage states of the yielding column bases and anchor rods, and selects appropriate repair/retrofit methods. As a standard repair method for damaged exposed‐type column bases, the applicability and effectiveness of the re‐tightening process of anchor rods need to be examined. This study first reviews the literature on standard retrofit techniques for column bases and required deformation capacity of ductile anchor rods. The threaded anchor rod deformation capacity with different steel grades and screw threads commonly used were tested to clarify the required ductility. To clarify the reparability of exposed column bases, numerical models of four‐ and six‐story steel moment resisting frame buildings were developed and validated by shaking table test results. The results show that this simple repair method was proven to be effective through the test program and numerical analysis and it's not always applicable for standard anchor rods assumed for pin or fixed column bases designed to remain elastic. Finlly, a repair methodology and flow chart that identifies the damage states of anchor rods and selects appropriate repair/retrofit methods for the exposed steel column base was suggested and applied to the simulation results.
Strengths and weaknesses of acoustic pipe microphone systems in ephemeral, sandy, gravel‐bed rivers
Authors: Stark Kyle , Cadol Daniel , Varyu David , Halfi Eran , Laronne Jonathan B.
Published: January 2024

We calibrated an acoustic pipe microphone system to monitor bedload flux in a sandy, gravel‐bed ephemeral channel. Ours is a first attempt to test the limit of an acoustic surrogate bedload system in a channel with a high content of sand. Calibrations varied in quality; significant data subsetting was required to achieve R2 values >0.75. Several data quality issues had to be addressed: (1) apparent pulses, which occur when a sensor records an impulse from sediment impacting the surrounding substrate rather than directly impacting the sensor, were frequent, especially at higher signal amplifications. (2) The impact sensors were frequently covered by gravel sheets. This prompted the development of a cover detection protocol that rejected part of the impact sensor record when at least one sensor was partially or fully covered. (3) Because of the lack of sensor sensitivity to impacts of sand‐sized particles, which was anticipated, and the considerable sand component of bedload in this channel, a grain size‐limited bedload flux was estimated. This was accomplished by sampling the bedload captured by slot samplers and evaluating the variation of grain size with increasing flow strength. This considerably improved the results when compared to attempts at estimating the flux of the entire distribution of grain sizes. This calibration is a successful first attempt, though the impact sensors required several site‐specific calibration steps. A universal set of equations using impact sensors to estimate bedload transport of fine‐gravel with a large content of sand remains elusive. Notwithstanding, our study demonstrates the utility of impact sensor data, producing relatively low root mean square errors that are independent of measurements of flow strength (i.e. discharge). These tools will be particularly useful in settings that would benefit from new methodologies for estimating bedload transport in sand‐rich gravel‐bed rivers, such as the American desert Southwest.
Early anthropoid primates: New data and new questions
Authors: Chaimanee Yaowalak , Chavasseau Olivier , Lazzari Vincent , Soe Aung N. , Sein Chit , Jaeger Jean‐Jacques
Published: January 2024

Although the evolutionary history of anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans) appears relatively well‐documented, there is limited data available regarding their origins and early evolution. We review and discuss here the earliest records of anthropoid primates from Asia, Africa, and South America. New fossils provide strong support for the Asian origin of anthropoid primates. However, the earliest recorded anthropoids from Africa and South America are still subject to debate, and the early evolution and dispersal of platyrhines to South America remain unclear. Because of the rarity and incomplete nature of many stem anthropoid taxa, establishing the phylogenetic relationships among the earliest anthropoids remains challenging. Nonetheless, by examining evidence from anthropoids and other mammalian groups, we demonstrate that several dispersal events occurred between South Asia and Afro‐Arabia during the middle Eocene to the early Oligocene. It is possible that a microplate situated in the middle of the Neotethys Ocean significantly reduced the distance of overseas dispersal.