bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WTF design software
Authors: van Dooren Maikel , Zevenhoven Bart
Published: October 2021

Over the past years the demand for wind farms in the Netherlands on both land and sea has considerably grown. Three years ago, the Dutch contractor Dura Vermeer has decided to expand its activities with the realization of wind farms on land. A part of this activity is the design of Wind Turbine Foundations (WTFs). Where a wind farm can vary from 6 to 90+ wind turbines, the amount of WTF designs that must be considered in one project can be large for an object that is relatively standard. This especially because the interaction between soil and WTF must be considered for every specific location. The process of designing can be very time consuming. Both due to the amount of repetitive actions and the use of standard design software the question may be asked if, when following the traditional designing route, an optimal design is obtained. Dura Vermeer decided to perform the designing work with help of parametric design.

Together with a software developer, Dura Vermeer developed a web application in which structural and geotechnical calculation models are coupled. The calculation models are centrally controlled in an online interface in which a set of variables (e.g. dimensions, soil parameters, structural load etc.) can be controlled by the user. The coupling between the structural and geotechnical models works in an iterative manner, making it possible to design with structural parameters that correspond very accurate to the geotechnical results. By making use of the link between these calculation models the risk of human mistakes is reduced and the time required for the design is drastically shortened. With the built-in optimization tool, it is furthermore possible to obtain an efficient design with a small amount of effort and due to the parametric approach, it is possible to generate standard design documents.
Fatigue strength of large diameters tension rods with metric cut thread
Authors: Skarmoutsos Georgios , Euler Mathias , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: October 2021

The present paper deals with the fatigue strength of large diameters tension rods with metric, cut thread of S460N steel grade. In total 36 fatigue tests equally categorised to 4 experimental series with two varying parameters (i) size diameter, M68 and M100, and (ii) surface treatment, hot-dip galvanized or as-rolled, were performed by the Institute of Structural Design at the Material Testing Institute of the University of Stuttgart. The tests conducted herein for rods of metric, cut threads validated the detail category 50 as well as its factor for size effect, while being slightly on the safe side.

Additionally, one specimen of M100 as-rolled tension rods, equipped with six miniature strain gauges placed on the thread root of the upper tension rod was tested up to 4,8 MN of quasi-static monotonic tension load- ing until complete failure. Strain concentration factors for the thread root of the M100 tension rod were calculated.
Highway bridge deck made of ductile-cast-iron
Authors: Tobinaga Hironobu , Murayama Minoru , Yamaguchi Eiki
Published: October 2021

The application of ductile cast iron to a bridge deck is explored. Produced by casting, the deck can be of any shape without welding and expected to have little possibility of fatigue crack. The deck would be light, about a half of the RC deck, so that it could enhance the seismic resistance of a bridge. The deck is designed following the Japanese design specifications for steel highway bridges. The design is done by 3-D FEM. Through computational simulations and actual casting trials, the ductile cast-iron deck panel with uniform material property is produced successfully. To investigate its structural behavior, the panel is loaded statically. Ductile structural behavior is observed without initiating cracks. Fatigue test is carried out. No fatigue cracks occur even when the number of the loading cycles reaches 10,000,000. The wheel load running test of the 12 deck panels was conducted, ensuring that a very good fatigue resistance．
Improving economic efficiency of wind energy using data-based fatigue assessment methods
Authors: Bissing Hendrik , Knobloch Markus , Rauch Marion
Published: October 2021

Green energy production is one of the most important societal needs of our time. In particular, wind power production is of great importance and its significance is expected to increase even more. Fatigue assessment must be accurate for cost-effective structural designs of dynamically loaded constructions such as wind turbine supporting structures. The Two Stage Model provides an advanced fatigue assessment by using specific cyclic material parameters, as input. These material- related parameters can be determined using the Incremental Step Test. This paper presents an application of the Incremental Step Test. The test results are then applied to the strain-life approach, which is the first step of the Two Stage Model.
Fatigue behaviour of Vossloh SKL14 tension clamps
Authors: Culek Bohumil , Schmidová Eva , Tomek Petr , Vnenk Petr , Pětioký Marek
Published: October 2021

The reliability of the railway superstructure depends, among other things, on the actual fastening of the rail to the sleepers. This structure is extremely dynamically loaded. In the paper, the attention is paid to the flexible Vossloh W14 fastening system with the use of SKL14 tension clamps. These clamps are often damaged by fatigue failures, especially in curves of small radii (R < 400 m). Within the research, fracture areas were identified and a fractographic analysis was performed. The analysis proved fatigue failure and, therefore, an estimation of the service life of the clamps was made. The evaluation was focused on a selected area of railway track where the fatigue-damaged clamps were found. The strain gauges were placed directly on the clamps at critical points and the obtained values were confronted with the experimentally obtained fatigue curve. Based on the presented findings, the service life of the clamps in the selected track was identified.
Contributing human and organizational factors to the collapse of the FC Twente stadium roof
Authors: Terwel Karel
Published: October 2021

In 2011 the city of Enschede was shocked by the collapse of the roof of an extension for the FC Twente stadium. The structure collapsed during construction and two fatalities and nine injuries were recorded. The cantilevering steel roof structure was covered with corrugated steel sheets and stabilized by bracings. Investigation showed that the structure was already loaded with the finishing structure before it was completed and stabilized. Contributing influencing human and organizational factors to the incident were the tight schedule resulting in a flawed construction sequence. Furthermore, there was too little attention to the way of execution during design, unjustified trust between parties resulting in inadequate coordination, checking and allocation of responsibilities.
Evaluation, repair & rehabilitation of 2 flyovers using advance assessment methods – a case study
Authors: Bhowmick Alok , Jaigopal R. K.
Published: October 2021

After the collapse of Majherhat Bridge on September 4, 2018 at Kolkata (India), an expert committee was appointed by the state government to ‘examine’ all the old flyovers in the city. A large number of such flyovers identified by this committee, which needed urgent repairs. Two of these flyovers were investigated by the authors as a part of consultancy services provided to the owner client. Both these grade separators were in distress and needed urgent attention. But carrying out condition assessment on these bridges and carrying out any repair posed a big challenge to the Consultants and Clients due to number of factors, including lack of records of the bridges, volume of traffic and critical location of these infrastructures. This paper highlights the broad details of advance assessment techniques adopted for structural condition of these flyovers. The details of proposed repair and rehabilitation techniques adopted are also discussed.
Dynamic behavior of aluminum deck-on-steel girder bridges under vehicular traffic loads considering the effect of road roughness
Authors: Ben Afia Achraf , Annan Charles-Darwin , Dey Pampa
Published: October 2021

Aluminium as a structural material is known for its lightweight, which facilitates easy transportation and installation, and reduces foundation requirements. However, this lightweight characteristic makes it sensitive to excitations from vehicular traffic leading to dominating dynamic design over the static one. The dynamic design of highway bridges by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CSA S6-19) is based on the concept of equivalent dynamic amplification factors (DAF), which were derived largely based on the observations from bridges constructed with traditional materials such as concrete, wood and steel. It is prudent to evaluate whether these factors are applicable to lightweight bridges made with extruded aluminium decks. In addition, since road roughness plays an important role in the dynamic behaviour of a bridge, it is important to consider the influence of roughness on the bridge vibration response. The objective of this research is to investigate the dynamic behaviour of aluminium deck-on-steel girder bridges under vehicular loads considering the effect of road roughness, and consequently evaluate the applicability of the current design DAFs for such structures. For this purpose, numerical models have been developed in Abaqus for a range of selected bridge configurations and loading parameters and subsequently the key observations and conclusions from the numerical analysis have been presented in this paper.
Numerical modeling strategy for deteriorated concrete decks in SHM applications
Authors: Pisani Marco Andrea , Limongelli Maria Pina , Giordano Pier Francesco , Palermo Mattia
Published: October 2021

The scarce availability of experimental data is a common issue faced by researchers involved in the study of vibration-based methods for damage identification in reinforced concrete structures. Such methods are often investigated and validated using data generated by numerical models where damage is simulated as a localized or global reduction of the material mechanical characteristics. In this paper, a strategy to realistically model the behavior of a cracked reinforced concrete bridge deck is proposed. This modeling strategy, albeit relatively straightforward to implement, allows to consider several complex phenomena and at the same time does not entail heavy computational effort. The modeling strategy is applied to simulate the dynamic behavior of a reinforced concrete multiple T-section girder bridge. Several types of damages are simulated and the sensitivity of modal frequencies and load-carrying capacity to different damage scenarios is investigated.
An experimental study of cable tension identification based on measurements of mode shapes
Authors: Liu Zhan-hang , Chen Lin , Sun Li-Min , Zou Yi-qing
Published: October 2021

Cable tension identification based on mode shapes extracted from vibration measurements is a relatively new method. In this method, the cable is equivalent to a beam model hinged at its ends and under axial tension with an unknown length to eliminate the effects of boundary conditions. This study focuses on the influences of sensor arrangement in the measurements on the accuracy of the tension identification. For this purpose, full-scale cable experiments have been carried out, where a number of sensors were attached to the cable to record cable acceleration during artificial excitation. The eigenvalue realization algorithm (ERA) has then been applied to identify the mode shapes and frequencies of the cables from the multiple acceleration measurements. The effects of different sensor arrangement schemes and cable tension identification method based on higher- order modes are compared and discussed.
The Arc Majeur, when art challenges technology
Authors: Duchêne Yves , Seret Sébastien , de Ville de Goyet Vincent , Ligot Jérome , Verstraelen Edouard , Philippart Arnaud
Published: October 2021

The “Arc Majeur” is a curved metal boxes with a square section of 2,25 m culminating about 60 m high. The square section of the arc is likely to produce vortex-induced vibrations in the direction perpendicular to that of the wind. The main arc is therefore equipped with a "Tuned Mass Damper" (TMD).

In the case of the “Arc Majeur”, the proper functioning of the damper is essential because the amplitudes of vibrations reached under vortex-induced vibrations would cause the arc to break. A monitoring system continuously records the vibrations of both the damper and the structure and transmits alerts in the event of a malfunction.

A live post processing has been developed to verify that the damper functions as intended, and that the overall vibration amplitude remains small. The results of the first year of monitoring are presented in this paper.
Dynamic response under pedestrian loading of the footbridge "La Belle Liégeoise"
Authors: Gens Frédéric , Duchêne Yves , de Ville de Goyet Vincent
Published: October 2021

The particularly slender type of the footbridge "La Belle Liégeoise" is very sensitive to the pedestrian actions. A few days after the opening of the bridge, at the end of a huge spectacle organized in the Boverie park, some thousands of people took, in one way, the footbridge to reach the city. At this time, a lateral pitching of the suspended part of the structure started, making the crossing uncomfortable for users although this vibration frequency is outside the critical window defined by the SETRA guide.

The purpose of this paper is to detail the sizing of the seven tuned mass dampers equipping the structure to meet the code’s requirements and to explain studies carried out by Greisch to analyse causes of these large vibrations and propose solutions to solve the problem, or even to anticipate it for future works.
Exploration of novel faying surface treatment for high-strength frictional bolted joints to enhance its after-slip performance
Authors: Moriyama Hitoshi , Sakura Ryo , Yamaguchi Takashi , Toshikazu Takai , Yamamoto Yuta
Published: October 2021

Welded joints is adopted rather than bolted joints for megastructure’s connections because the former can carry large force. However, the former has several problems, such as quality control of welding in situ, which the latter can solve. By contrast, as the load transfer ratio of each bolt becomes uneven proportionally to the number of bolts, local slip around extreme bolts occurs before the whole slip. Extreme bolts to which a large shear force is applied will break before other bolts. For utilizing the strength of all bolts, the problem is solved by improving shear deformation capacity in faying surface with novel surface treatment. Here, the treatment concepts were explored, and the coating’s effectiveness was evaluated through friction tests. The deformation capacity can be twice or more than that of conventional treatment, and the slip coefficient doesn’t depend on contact pressure. These features have the advantage to give stable slip behaviour.
Strengthening of box girder bridges with external prestressing - case study for the Langeland Bridge.
Authors: Andersen Ulrik Sloth , Jensen Rasmus Neigaard Lund , Maag Iben
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the basic principles for strengthening of bridges and other structures through the use of external prestressing. A case study that includes strengthening of the approach spans for the Langeland Bridge in the south-eastern part of Denmark is included.

During a recent rehabilitation, corrosion of the post-tensioned tendons was discovered inside the box girders of the bridge. Additional analysis of the extent of the corrosion and a structural assessment was undertaken. Based on this, a strengthening project was carried out, and strengthening with external prestressing is currently being implemented.
Performance assessment on influence zone of existing structures for metro construction
Authors: Roy B. C. , Ekambaram R.
Published: October 2021

The current mega cities such as Kolkata, Mumbai developed over centuries from even before colonial times and they now consist of old parts and new parts. Though underground construction even in the new parts is not an easy task, in the highly built-up old areas with narrow lanes, going underground while saving what exists above ground is a daunting task. Such a situation arose while taking one of the lines of Delhi Metro through the area of “Old Delhi”. Monitoring the ground features, including old building and monuments during construction became essential. Underground construction, as carried out for East-West metro Kolkata or Mumbai metro line 3, demanded extensive monitoring to assess ground movement and displacement depending upon depth and volume of works underground, soil conditions and foundations of existing buildings and utilities. The paper highlights geology, protecting existing structures, ground movement, construction method, and safety aspects in planning and construction.
A method for replacing lower flange splice plate of a steel I-girder connection using BPL
Authors: Matsui Shun , Yamaguchi Takashi , Toda Kensuke , Araki Kenji , Yamauchi Motoshi
Published: October 2021

In recent years, corrosion damages of the steel I-girder bridge joints have been reported. With the increasing demand for the replacement of splice plates of the damaged joints, good workability without using temporary supports is required when considering the cost and time necessary to execute such works. In the present study, FEM analysis has been conducted in order to propose a new replacing method for the lower flange splice plates in steel I-girder, which uses a bypass device of steel plate named BPL that is attached to the web panel. From the analytical results, it has been confirmed that using the BPL and replacing the lower flange splice plates, the stress at the lower flange splice plates is transferred to the BPL and redistributed to the new lower flange splice plates after the removal of BPL. It has also been clarified the geometrical configuration of the BPL that can reduce the stress at the web effectively during replacement of the lower flange splice plates.
Risk management and criticality ranking of civil infrastructures – case study
Authors: Urbina Oscar , Teixeira Elisabete , Sousa Helder , Matos José
Published: October 2021

One of the most important prerequisites for the critical Infrastructure’s risk management is the study of the collateral effects between different critical Infrastructures (CI) to obtain a critical index that indicates which CI requires more effort in terms of budget and studies, i.e., ranking the criticality of the Infrastructures. Therefore, this article presents a brief literature review of the state of the art that was conducted regarding the methodologies and models for the critical infrastructure’s risk management and the importance of categorizing its level of risk and the criticality of each infrastructure. This paper consists of three main parts i) A short introduction on the background and importance of this study; ii) a brief display and explanation of the inspected methodologies for risk management and the quantification of the criticality of CI; iii) implementation of the selected methodologies applied on a case study situated in the north of Portugal applied to Fire Risk.
Accounting for spatial variability in partial factor based design verifications
Authors: Botte Wouter , Caspeele Robby
Published: October 2021

Traditional design and assessment approaches usually assume that e.g. material properties and environmental influences are uniform in space. However, it is well-known that such parameters can show considerable spatial variability. Furthermore, it has been shown that such spatial variability can significantly influence structural reliability. One way to account for spatial variability is by means of random fields. However, the use of such advanced calculations has not found its way to everyday engineering practice. Therefore, a methodology is developed in order to include spatial variability in the partial factor method in a way which is consistent with the current Eurocode format for design. This is done by introducing a separate partial factor which depends on the correlation length and the variability of the parameter under consideration. As such, an easy-to-use graph is generated, which can be applied in practice for the adjustment of partial factors to take into account spatial correlation. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by means of full-probabilistic calculations.
Eurocode structural fire design of Brazilian masonry buildings
Authors: Fanton Andreia Romero , Moreira Camila de Queiroz , Lage Rangel Costa , Costa Carla Neves , de Almeida Luiz Carlos , Mouta Trautwein Leandro
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a structural fire design of a loadbearing external wall from a Brazilian 3-storey structural masonry building based on Eurocode EN 1996-1-2, through an adaptation of tabular data and simplified calculation methods for buildings designed according to Brazilian standards for the ultimate and serviceability states. The building fire safety regulation of the State of São Paulo instructs the use of Eurocodes in the absence of a specific national standard for structural fire design. EN 1996-1-2 procedures are applied to provide information to Brazilian standardization, comparing results for concrete and clay units. The observed limitations in these adaptations of design methods may not be uncommon to other EU countries. Finally, for a 60-minute TRRF (Brazilian requirement), the building required a minimum thickness (Eurocode requirement) of 100/140mm for concrete units and 90/100mm for clay units.
Assessment of the aftertreatment quality of concrete
Authors: Ptacek Lisa , Strauss Alfred , Bos Clémence , Peyerl Martin
Published: October 2021

The curing of concrete is extremely important for the durability of a reinforced concrete structure. In practice, due to the complex construction processes, the very limited phases and the lack of control, aftertreatment is often neglected by executing companies. Hence infrastructure operators are therefore very interested in having a robust, simple tool that enables aftertreatment to be easily checked and, as a result, to convey the importance of this process step to the client. In the project presented here, classic and novel test methods are presented and discussed, as well as their suitability for the detection of the aftertreatment quality on laboratory samples and subsequently on some real structures.
Numerical study on multi-cell CFT column under lateral force in different direction
Authors: Wencong Li
Published: October 2021

To meet the demand of structural performance of the tomorrow’s supertall buildings, multi-cell CFT column with double-layer circular steel tubes was proposed. In this study, numerical studies on the multi-cell CFT column with double-layer circular steel tubes under lateral force in two different directions are carried out to investigate the effect of loading direction on the inelastic behavior of this kind of column. The results show that there are no significant differences in the initial flexural stiffness and flexural strengths of the proposed multi-cell CFT column with double-layer circular steel tubes between the two different loading directions.
Silver Tower Brussels – Adaptative outriggers
Authors: Nosiglia Luis , Leroy Amaury , de Ville de Goyet Vincent
Published: October 2021

Outrigger systems are commonly used in the design of tall buildings to increase their lateral stiffness and resistance capacity. Recently, new applications for outrigger systems have appeared, such as providing additional damping or acting as fuses under earthquake conditions. While their main purpose varies from one project to another, the problem related to differential displacements between the core and the peripheral columns remains a constant.

This paper aims at exploring various technical aspects considered in the design of the Silver Tower (Brussels) and, more specifically, the design of its outrigger system. It will show how the proposed system presents an effective and elegant solution to free the outrigger system of the lock-in forces due to differential settlements. Also, aspects related to the foundation system, the performed wind tunnel tests and the dynamic response of the tower will be discussed.
Automation of seismic design of high-rise structure with braced steel frame
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wang Gang , Cai Jinlun , Guo Junchen
Published: October 2021

With the continuous development and progress of society, the structure of high-rise buildings has been paid more and more attention by the engineering community. However, the existing high- rise structure design methods often have a lot of redundancy and have a lot of room for optimization. Most of the existing seismic design methods of high-rise structures are based on engineering experience and manual iterative methods, so that the efficiency of design can not meet the needs of the society. if the method of design automation is adopted, the workload of designers can be greatly reduced and the efficiency of structural design can be improved. Based on the digital modeling theory, this paper proposes a MAD automatic design algorithm, in which the designer provides the initial design of the structure, and the algorithm carries out the modeling, analysis, optimization and design of each stage of the structure, and finally obtains the optimal structure. The structural design module of this algorithm starts from the component level, when the component constraint design meets the limit requirements of the specification, it enters and completes the component constraint design and the global constraint design of the structure in turn. In this paper, taking a ten-story braced steel frame high-rise structure as an example, the optimal design is carried out, and its seismic performance is analyzed. the results show that the MAD automatic design algorithm can distribute the materials to each part reasonably, which can significantly improve the seismic performance of the structure and realize the effective seismic design.
Sensitivity data driven optimal design for steel frame tall buildings
Authors: Zhang Chenyun , Huang Yong , Zhao Xin , Cai Jinlun
Published: October 2021

Structural design generally involves hundreds of design variables and multiple constraints in practical engineering projects, nevertheless, traditional optimization techniques are failed to meet the engineering requirements for solving the optimization problem with high efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, a single driven constraint optimization method based on constraint sensitivity is presented for high-rise steel structure. The design method takes the sensitivity coefficient as the reference index for the optimization design of components to ensure proper compliance and redundancy requirements. An effective incremental analysis method is applied for the calculation of sensitivity coefficients within constraints and design variables. Sensitivity coefficients based material redistribution of components is carried out to make the structure achieve the optimization objective on the premise of satisfying all the design constraints.
Automated design of high voltage pylons
Authors: de Bruijn Jos , van Alphen Sander
Published: October 2021

As new energy resources like solar, wind and hydropower are being used more and more over the world, the demand for transport of energy and with that the demand for powerlines is big. Also, in The Netherlands this is the case. TenneT (company responsible for the transport of energy in The Netherlands) had to realise a total of 75 km’s of power lines in one project called Wintrack II. This includes 41 different kind of pole types that carry the conductors. The conductors are carried by so called bipoles, these are conical steel tubes.‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌

To help TenneT a semi-automatic tooling was made to calculate and to model the different pole types. The poles are modelled with inventor and calculated with different software programs.

To validate the different calculations and used model’s 3D FEM-calculations are performed as well as full scale tests. Several kinds of calculations and designs are made, especially in steel and concrete. For example, calculations are made on vortex, prestressing of anchors, flange connections and next to that measurements are being performed on full scale poles.
Investigations on the buckling behaviour due to different launching bearings
Authors: Maier Nadine , Mensinger Martin , Tallushi Enea , Ndogmo Joseph
Published: October 2021

In general, today two types of launching bearings are used in the construction of large steel and steel concrete composite bridges, sliding rockers and systems with hydraulic bearings. During incremental launching, the center of the webs of the superstructure is not perfectly in line with the center of the launching bearings due to unavoidable tolerances. The advantages and disadvantages of the respective systems are under discussion. At the Technical University Munich, large-scale buckling tests were carried out on longitudinally stiffened plates under biaxial stresses with different types of launching bearings and eccentric load introduction. In this paper the test results as well as differences of the respective systems are presented. Based on experimental results, a numerical model is validated. The test results as well as the results from the validated numerical model demonstrate the influence on the buckling behaviour from different types of launching bearings.
Trysfjord bridge, parametric analysis and modelling for drawingless construction of a concrete balanced cantilever bridge
Authors: Furunes Eirik Wie
Published: October 2021

The Trysfjord bridge is a concrete balanced cantilever bridge with a main span of 260m, being built at the present time and will, when finished, be among the largest bridges within its type. The bridge is part of the E39 highway under construction between Kristiansand and Mandal in the southern part of Norway. The concurrent design and construction process are being done with parametric analysis and modelling (PAM) as well as building information modelling in x dimensions (4D, 5D, xD, BIMxD).

This design and building project utilize the underlying power of computers not directly accessible through commercial software, by programming our own adapters and pre-/postprocessing algorithms in Dynamo, Python, and C#. This is creating new connections between the profession of computer programmers and civil engineers. Different layers in the architecture from calculations to modelling is also coupled.
Indicative implied safety level in ULS of a suspension bridge deck
Authors: Roldsgaard Joan Hee , Nielsen Silja Tea , Pedersen Claus , Pedersen Øivind , O'Connor Alan
Published: October 2021

The main deck of a suspension bridge with a main span in excess of 1000m was analysed probabilistically to determine the implied safety level for the deck with utilization ratios in ULS scaled to 1. The scaling was necessary because other design criteria influence the design as well. The cross-section of the bridge is a closed steel box. Structural reliability analysis was performed in which detailed consideration was given to stochastic modelling of resistance and load variables and of their associated uncertainties. Emphasis was placed on accurate and appropriate modelling of the considered limit states as well as on the traffic loading on the structure. In this regard weigh-in- motion data was employed to develop site-specific live loading models for comparison with design models and load effects. In this way the sensitivity of design assumptions and their influence on the implied safety was assessed. The detailed sensitivities of wind-induced section forces from a full dynamic analysis are utilized, and appropriate stochastic models have been found for the influencing parameters. The paper details all aspects of the reliability analysis and provides information on the evaluated implied safety level of the bridge deck. The results of the sensitivity analysis are instructive in understanding the influence of uncertainties on the results, especially the parameters used in the wind-induced response analysis and the assumptions of the traffic load model.
Numerical study of a blind bolted connection between an aluminum bridge deck and steel girders
Authors: el Ogri Soufiane , Annan Charles-Darwin , Dey Pampa
Published: October 2021

This article concerns the behaviour of two blind bolt types, Ajax One side and Blind Oversize Mechanically (BOM), used to connect a multi-void aluminum bridge deck on its supporting steel girders. An extensive numerical simulation by FEM was performed to evaluate the connection behaviour against the Canadian Highway Bridge Design standard CSA S6-19. The main objective was to examine the assembly against fretting and quantify its impact at the contact zone over several load cycles. A special numerical model was developed for the prediction of fretting, and validated with analytical results and other observations reported in the literature. The model was used to analyze the fretting for each bolt at the surface of contact between the bolt head and the aluminum plate. Results of the study revealed that the blind bolts will lead to a few micrometers of wear, while for the standard bolt, a probable crack developments associated with minor wear may occur at the contact area.
ANALISIS STABILITAS BANGUNAN PENGENDALI SEDIMEN PADA KONDISI BANJIR RANCANGAN DAN TAMPUNGAN SEDIMEN PENUH : SUATU KASUS DI ARBORETUM SUMBER BRANTAS, KOTA BATU
Authors: Pambudi Andi Setyo
Published: October 2021

The level of land-use change in the Brantas watershed includes encroachment in the upstream area of the spring which has been increasingly massive since the 1960s, and reached the highest level in the late 1990s which driving the watershed damage. The damage in the upstream area encourages the need to increase resilience by building The Sumber Brantas Arboretum Area. This area is equipped with sedimentary control structures to ensure the long-term sustainability of the arboretum. A recent study of the rainfall plan and the security level of the sedimentary control building to the arboretum became an interesting thing to be reviewed. The analytical approach used in this study is quantitative. The method used for flood design analysis uses three methods including Log Pearson Type III Method, Gumbel Method, and Iwai Method. The selected hydrograph is the Nakayasu Hydrograph. Hydraulics analysis of sediment control buildings using HEC-RAS tools with several other hydrological calculations. The results of the analysis in the Sumber Brantas Arboretum Area showed that the design flood discharge (Q) was 59.35 m3 / sec. In flood design conditions with its own weight, the åf of the sediment control building is 42.2 (higher than the minimum safety level) and it is relatively safe, either in normal or in an earthquake condition. In the design flood conditions with full sediment storage, the Sf of sediment control buildings is 1.6 (higher than the minimum safety level) so that it is relatively safe, either in normal or in an earthquake condition.
ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE REVOLUTION OF 1917 BY THE FIRST WAVE OF RUSSIAN EMIGRANTS TO PRAGUE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Gorokhova Maria E.
Published: October 2021

The article assesses the influence of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 on the emergence of ideological and political trends among the representatives of the Russian emigration. In the absence of any opportunity to influence the situation in which Russia found itself in 1917, the emigrants decided to focus on the analysis and study of the experience of the revolution and the Civil War, as well as to discuss possible options for the development of events and their impact on the future of the country. The author considers such trends of emigrant political thought as smenovehovstvo and eurasianism, the common idea of which was the realization of the need to accept the Bolshevik revolution and its results in order to preserve the unity and power of Russia. Special attention is paid to the collections of articles “Change of Milestones” and “Exodus to the East”, which marked the beginning of the emigrant ideologies under consideration, as well as to their authors, who attempted to comprehend the role of the Russian intelligentsia in the new political and economic conditions. In addition, the article examines such trends among representatives of Russian emigration as “returnism”, the cult of personality and the world revolution. Studies of the history of eurasianism and smenovehovstvo allow to conduct a more in-depth study of the life and activities of the Russian Diaspora in the 1920s – 1930s, as well as to present the diversity of the processes of the ideological and political heritage of the Russian emigration of the first wave in Czechoslovakia
DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-OBJECTIVE PRODUCTION PLANNING MODEL FOR A SAWMILL
Authors: ABIODUN ALONGE SEGUN , OSITA ANYAECHE CHRISTOPHER
Published: October 2021

Based on the objectives set out for a Sawmill, a goal programming model was developed to simultaneously consider the production volumes goal, sales revenue goal, production cost goal, and machine utilization goal in order to develop its production plans for a horizon. The unwanted deviations from the goals served as the objective function to be optimized subject to the goals constraints, operational constraints, and non-negativity constraints. Three independent pre-emptive goal priority structures, GP1, GP2, and GP3, were considered with each prioritizing the objectives differently. The goal programming model was tested for its utility using data gathered from the mill to the three-goal priority structures. The results obtained indicated that, for GP1, the product volume goals for all products were achieved, and all but one, volume goals were achieved for both GP2 and GP3. The viability test showed that all priority structures used were profitable with GP1, GP2, and GP3 recording 1.099, 1.102, and 1.095 respectively. This indicates that the three priority structures considered are approximately profitable at the same level. The goal programming model for production planning offers the decision-maker a variety of options as to its application.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DISPLACEMENT OF A CAM FOLLOWER USING REGULA FALSI METHOD
Authors: OLADEJO KOLAWOLE ADESOLA , ADETAN DARE ADERIBIGBE , OKE ADEKOLA OLAYINKA , ABU RAHAMAN , LAMID GANIU AYOOLA
Published: October 2021

Cam is a mechanical component that transforms circular motion to reciprocating motion by using mating component, called the follower. The principal aim of this work was to study and analyse the displacement of a cam-follower with Regula Falsi method and verify its input by using MATLAB and FORTRAN simulations. A study was conducted on angle of rotation and the displacement of the follower, which is equal to the radius of the cam given as transcendental equation to find the exact solution. The parameters such as initial guess, final guess, iteration counter and the desired displacement are involved in finding the angular displacement to the cam system in high speed rotation. The analysis was done using a computer programming that enables verification of the results obtained and ascertaining whether the inputs are correct or not for the displacement in cam follower system. The computer output showed results of the two data sets that yielded solutions and two that did not. The results revealed that the programme could be used to find the angular displacement corresponding to a given follower displacement for any cam; if the function CAMF is modified to include the appropriate radius function, r(x). The results further revealed that at a halve cycle of a rotating cam, which is equivalent to (x = 3.142 rad), is a solution that would provide the desired displacement of the follower (opening and closing of valves).
INVESTIGATING POINTS-OF-GENERATION POWER LOSSES ON THE NIGERIAN NATIONAL GRID FOLLOWING UNBUNDLING OF THE ELECTRIC UTILITY INDUSTRY
Authors: OLUWASUJI AJEWOLE TITUS , ELIJAH OLABODE OLAKUNLE , KEMA OKAKWU IGNATIUS , FEMI EGBEDINNI OLAKUNLE
Published: October 2021

Aside from the domino effects of being radial in structure, the Nigerian national electric grid is currently suffering from deteriorated infrastructures and unpredictable fuel supply for power generation. Massive introduction of green energy-based microgrid alternatives has been proposed as a major means of resolving the challenges. Such paradigm shift needs to be substantiated within the context of the present situation of the grid, for the consumption of policy makers and implementers, hence; the performance of the generation sub-system of the grid in the post-deregulation era is evaluated in this study. Two-year numerical data on the operational capacities of the twenty-nine power plants that are currently connected to the grid are employed to profile the behaviours of the plants over the period. Yearly averages of the three operational capacities of each plant are estimated, and by comparing the respective capacities, generation losses are computed for each of the plants. With 5,063.8 MW yearly average generation capacity in the year 2018, a loss of 61.02 % was experienced on the sub-system; while the generation loss was 61.55 % in the year 2019 that has yearly average generation capacity of 5,062.5 MW. For the two years combined, the average generation capacity is 5,063.2 MW at 61.36 % power loss. These estimations reveal that the pre-deregulation loss profile of the generation sub-system has not been curtailed despite the unbundling of the electric power industry. Generation loss has rather persisted and keeps taking a heavy toll on the electric utility market of the country. Significant deployment of renewable electricity microgrid is therefore required to provide enduring solution.
GREY WOLF OPTIMIZER BASED OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF MULTIPLE FACTS DEVICES IN THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING SYSTEM
Authors: SUNDAY YUSUF SAMUEL , UBEH OKORIE PATRICK , SAIDU ABUBAKAR ADAMU , FAHAD ALHASSAN
Published: October 2021

The application of grey wolf optimization technique for multiple FACTS placement is presented in this paper for the reduction of total system losses and minimization of voltage deviation via optimal placement of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) technique is inspired by social hierarchy and hunting behaviour of wolves and offers a right balance between exploration and exploitation during the search for global optimal. Series-shunt FACTS device; unified power flow controller (UPFC) is considered as a formidable device that can provides an alternative option for the flexible controllability and improvement of power transfer capability of a transmission lines. The analyses were conducted by increasing the number of UPFC in the network in order to evaluate the optimal number of FACTS devices that would give the least loss under maximum loading and contingency conditions. The efficacy of this proposed technique is demonstrated on 31-bus, 330 kV Nigeria National Grid (NNG) using MATLAB environment. The results show that optimal placement of FACTS device along with optimization technique provides a promising solution to the high power loss and voltage deviation bedevilling Nigeria National Grid.
ANALYSIS DETERMINANT OF DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO AND ITS IMPACT TO THE FIRM VALUE (EMPIRICAL STUDY ON FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY ISSUER 2016-2019)
Authors: Salim M.Noor , Syifa Aulia
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to Analyze Determinant of Dividend Payout Ratio and Its Impact to The Firm Value (Empirical Study on Food And Beverage Industry Issuer 2016-2019). The samples in the form of secondary data as many as 16 companies collected from financial statements listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). In this study, nine research hypotheses were formulated. The analysis design used is quantitative data with panel data regression method which is processed with Eviews 9 with a random effect model. Hypothesis testing using F test, T test, and Sobel test (Path Analysis). The results showed that partially direct financial performance as proxied by the current ratio, debt equity ratio and return on assets had a positive effect on firm value, and partially current ratio, debt equity ratio and return on assets had a positive effect on dividend payout ratio. Simultaneously, the current ratio, debt equity ratio and return on assets have a positive effect on firm value. Indirectly, the dividend payout ratio is able to strengthen the relationship between the current ratio, debt equity ratio and return on assets to firm value.
Changes in blood pressure patterns of hypertensive patients at Okcheon-gun public health center before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Jaewoo , Hong Yun-Chul
Published: October 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of discontinuation of periodic follow-up at a public health center in Okcheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do on the blood pressure management of hypertensive patients who visited the public health center regularly. The outpatient clinic of the public health center was totally shut down from March 1, 2020 to April 21, 2020, and then re-opened from April 22, focusing on chronic disease patients.Methods: The study group was selected among patients who visited the re-opened clinic from April 22 to the end of May, diagnosed with hypertension, and had a regular follow-up in the public health center. Through the health center medical records, the blood pressure of each patient was analyzed before and after the COVID-19 pandemicResults: Out of a total of 573 patients that visited the center, 306 patients (53.4%) were treated for hypertension, and among them, 235 patients were enrolled. The average blood pressure of all subjects was 136.9/78.0mmHg after the COVID-19 pandemic, which is 4.4mmHg higher systolic blood pressure(SBP)(P < 0.001) and 1.7mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(P < 0.05) than the average blood pressure before the COVID-19 pandemic. For the clinical control status of the SBP, 55% of all subjects maintained the status of ‘controlled’ before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, 15% maintained the ‘uncontrolled’ state, 23% changed from ‘controlled’ to ‘uncontrolled’, and 7.7% changed from ‘uncontrolled’ to ‘controlled’ state. The number of patients with uncontrolled state showed a high increase(McNemar’s chi-square test, P < 0.001).Conclusions: The blood pressure of hypertensive patients managed by Okcheon public health center showed a significant increase of 4.4/1.7mmHg after termination of regular follow-up in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for about 2 months. The number of patients with a clinical status of uncontrolled SBP also increased significantly from 23% to 37%.
O conceito antropológico de cultura
Authors: Laraia Roque de Barros
Published: October 2021

Permitam-me que comecemos desenvolvendo uma idéia que não é nossa, mas de um antropólogo americano, Clifford Geertz. Ela pode ser resumida nas seguintes palavras: ser humano não é ser Homem (com H maiúsculo), mas ser homem (com h minúsculo). Em outras palavras, isto significa que ser humano é pertencer a uma das inumeráveis culturas que existem na face da terra. É ser javanês, italiano, eskimó, tupi ou brasileiro. Com isto, Geertz derruba o postulado iluminista do Homem universal, o Homem com H maiúsculo, o Homem natural, que se escondia debaixo das roupagens culturais. Foi na trilha desse hipotético Homem natural — tão invisível quanto o famoso Homem das neves do Himalaia — que a Antropologia despendeu um grande tempo na busca inatingível dos “padrões universais”, do “consensus gentium”, da mesma forma que os filósofos ainda insistem na realidade dos valores naturais...