bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la suspensión de semilla Moringa oleifera Lam frente a la neurotoxicidad inducida por etanol en ratones.
Authors: Flores Castro Lorena Margot , PINTO GONZA JOHN HENRY , Huamán Gutiérrez Oscar Gustavo
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la suspensión de semilla Moringa oleifera Lam frente a la neurotoxicidad inducida por etanol en ratones. Metodología: Estudio de diseño experimental. Se emplearon 35 ratones macho, y semillas de Moringa oleífera Lam (moringa), la cual fe triturada en mortero con agua en cada día del ensayo. Los animales fueron distribuidos en cinco grupos y recibieron el siguiente tratamiento por 15 días, grupo I-II agua (10 mL/kg de peso), grupo III vitamina E (20 UI/kg), grupo IV suspensión de semilla moringa (200 mg/kg), grupo V suspensión de semilla moringa (600 mg/kg). A los grupos II-V se le administró etanol 40% por vía intraperitoneal. Al culminar el tratamiento se extrajeron el cerebro y cerebelo para los análisis bioquímicos e histológicos. Se aplicó la prueba ANOVA y los valores que presenten p< 0.05 se consideran significativos. Resultados:  En los grupos IV-V se observó una tendencia al aumento en los niveles de grupos sulfhídrilos proteicos (p<0,05) y una disminución en los niveles de lipoperoxidación. A nivel histológico se observó la conservación del tejido cerebral y cerebeloso. Conclusión: La administración de suspensión de semilla Moringa oleifera Lam presentó efecto neuroprotector expresado en la disminución de los niveles de lipoperoxidación, aumento de los grupos sulfhídrilos proteicos y la preservación histológica frente a la toxicidad inducida por etanol en ratones.
Indicadores antropométricos y enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles en pacientes de un hospital público de Perú.
Authors: Gomez Avellaneda Gisela , Alvarado-Chavez Britt
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Durante la estancia hospitalaria se compromete el estado nutricional de los pacientes debido a la patología de ingreso y a la comorbilidad que presentan. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado nutricional y su relación con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en un hospital.
Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, relacional de corte transversal, realizado en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia en los pacientes hospitalizados en los servicios de cirugía, medicina, traumatología. Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos mayores de 18 años, los mismos que firmaron un consentimiento informado. Se realizó antropometría para evaluar el estado nutricional, mediante el índice de masa corporal (IMC), medición de pliegue cutáneo, circunferencia del brazo y dinamometría manual.
Resultados: De los 189 pacientes evaluados, 49,7% tenían entre 30 y 59 años, el 50,8% de sexo femenino. No se encontró relación entre estado nutricional según IMC y diabetes, HTA y ERC; tampoco entre estado nutricional según pliegue cutáneo y diabetes HTA y ERC. Asimismo, se encontró relación entre el estado nutricional por circunferencia del brazo y la diabetes (p=0,03); pero no se encontró relación con HTA y ERC. No se encontró diferencia significativa en la fuerza muscular en los pacientes con diabetes, con HTA ni con ERC.
Conclusión. No se encontró relación entre las enfermedades no transmisibles y el estado nutricional según el índice de masa corporal, y pliegue cutáneo. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico nutricional por circunferencia de brazo evidenció que la diabetes fue estadísticamente significativa.
Comparación del estado nutricional antropométrico y consumo de alimentos en niños vegetarianos y omnívoros en una región de Colombia
Authors: Gómez Ramírez Briana , Cárdenas Sánchez Diana , Sepúlveda Bustamante Cindy , Rodríguez Rueda Valentina , Narváez Rivas Ana María
Published: February 2025

Introducción: En la actualidad hay un aumento de familias que con sus hijos tienen una alimentación basada en plantas. El estado nutricional por antropometría y el consumo de alimentos se ha realizado en niños en países desarrollados, pero poco se conoce de países en vías al desarrollo.
Objetivo: comparar el estado nutricional antropométrico y el consumo alimentario de niños y niñas menores de 12 años de familias vegetarianas y omnívoras del Valle de Aburrá, Colombia.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, transversal con comparación de grupos pareados por edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. Los grupos estaban conformados por niños vegetarianos y omnívoros entre 6 meses y 12 años. Se analizaron medidas antropométricas, estado nutricional y consumo alimentario en ambos grupos.
Resultados: La diferencia de peso entre grupos fue 1,6 kg y de talla 4,5 cm, siendo más bajo en vegetarianos, no obstante, estaban dentro de la normalidad en el estado nutricional. La población vegetariana tiene un mayor consumo de fibra, vitamina C y folato, aunque menor aporte de proteínas, calcio y cobalamina comparado con la población omnívora. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio muestran que los niños y las niñas de familias vegetarianas no tienen riesgos nutricionales específicos más allá de los que tendría la población omnívora.
Conclusión: Se debe hacer énfasis en la vigilancia de los niños vegetarianos en cuanto a la talla y en el consumo suficiente de proteína, calcio y cobalamina, aunque este último micronutriente será cubierto por la suplementación recomendada para este grupo de edad. En comparación con otros estudios se identifica con un consumo comparable, sin embargo, los puntos de corte de nutrientes son un poco más exigente para países en vías de desarrollo.
Efecto del fruto Opuntia ficus indica (tuna morada) frente a la toxicidad hepática por paracetamol en ratas.
Authors: HUAMAN GUTIERREZ Oscar Gustavo , SOTOMAYOR RÍOS Guillermo Carlos , HUAMÁN GUTIERREZ Zoraida Judith , TARAZONA MIRANDA Víctor Hilario
Published: February 2025

Introducción: las enfermedades hepáticas tienen como base común el estrés oxidativo, que es causado por diversos factores como el consumo de etanol, fármacos, sobrealimentación, infecciones virales, entre otros. Los fitonutrientes juegan un papel muy importante en los procesos de regeneración tisular a nivel hepáticos Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto hepatoprotector del zumo de fruta del Opuntia ficus indica, en ratas con intoxicación por paracetamol. Método: el zumo se obtuvo mediante extractor casero. Las ratas fueron distribuidas en 6 grupos (n=6), recibiendo los siguientes tratamientos por 10 días: G-I y G-II: suero fisiológico; G-III silimarina 100 mg/kg; G-IV zumo 2,5 mL/kg; G-V zumo 5 mL/kg y G-VI zumo 10 mL/kg. A partir del sexto día se les administró paracetamol 400 mg/kg vía peroral los G-II al G-VI. Resultados: Los niveles de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) mostró menor actividad en los G IV-VI, y respecto a la actividad del aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y la Ɣ-glutamiltransferasa (GGT) mostró menor actividad solo en el grupo G-VI. Los GV y VI presentaron niveles de albumina más alto, sin embargo. El G-IV y G-V expresaron concentraciones menores de bilirrubina total respecto al G-II, sin embargo, los niveles de bilirrubina directa no mostraron diferencia significativa con el grupo II. El índice hepático y la lipoperoxidación (hígado y suero) en el G-IV y G-VI fueron menores al G-II. Conclusiones: el zumo de fruta Opuntia de ficus indica “tuna” variedad morada, presenta efecto hepatoprotector.
Household food insecurity and nutritional status of toddler in Central Lombok.
Authors: Khairul Abdi Lalu , Lalu Juntra Utama  , I Gde Narda Widiada I Gde Narda Widiada , Lina Yunita
Published: February 2025

Background: Food insecurity can cause nutritional problems, especially in toddlerhood, where at this time nutritious intake is needed because at this time children experience growth that can have an impact on their adulthood. Food insecurity can stem from income poverty which negatively impacts overall household consumption levels. Therefore, the condition of food insecurity causes malnutrition so the purpose of this study is to assess household food insecurity and nutritional status of toddlers in central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara.
Methods: The design of this research was a cross-sectional study; data collection was carried out in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This research involved two groups of subjects: toddlers and father or mother caregiver. The total number of subjects was 391 toddler include the household . Subjects were taken at each community health center using a simple random method without replacement. All primary data was collected through an interview process using a structured questionnaire and direct measurements. The analysis process for all types of data was carried out with the help of the SPSS for Windows program with the Pearson correlation test and One Way Anova test.
Results: This study presents that as many as 60.1% of households in Central Lombok experience  food insecurity at mild, moderate and severe levels. Which can be caused by due to low monthly household income and social assistance. Although the results of the analysis showed that no significant relationship was found (p>0,05) between the household food insecurity score and the anthropometric of the nutritional status of the toddlers almost half of the undernourished toddlers were included in the food-insecure.
Conclusions:. High rate of food insecurity that occurs then, for increased access to food especially during period of rapid development and growth to overcome malnutrition  so that can prevent bad impact in the future.
Efecto del pulverizado de Chenopodium ambrosioides (paico) sobre los marcadores del metabolismo lipídico en hígado de ratas, frente al consumo de etanol y fructosa.
Authors: Puelles Samaniego Olenka , Huamán Gutiérrez Óscar Gustavo , Turriate Aguilar Paula Sofía
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Las enfermedades hepáticas crónicas (EHC) presentan una tasa elevada de morbimortalidad en el mundo, con una alarmante tendencia creciente; siendo la cirrosis hepática el estadio final y la expresión crónica más frecuente respecto a las hepatopatías. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del pulverizado de Chenopodium ambrosioides (paico) frente al consumo de etanol y fructosa en hígado de ratas. Materiales y métodos: Diseño experimental. Se empleó 25 ratas macho. Para la inducción a la hepatotoxicidad, la cual duró 22 días, se administró una mezcla de etanol 5% /fructosa 15% en sus bebederos a los grupos II-V, mientras que el grupo I recibió solo agua. A partir de la dieta balanceada se agregó el pulverizado de paico 1% (grupo III), 3% (grupo IV) y 9% (grupo V), mientras el grupo I-II recibieron solo dieta balanceada, dicho tratamiento fue por 22 dias. Terminado el tratamiento y tras 10 horas de ayuno, los animales fueron anestesiados con pentobarbital sódico, para posteriormente extraer el hígado, el cual se seccionó tres porciones, para el análisis histológico, y dos para la preparación de homogenizado en donde se determinó los marcadores moleculares. Resultados:  El consumo de paico 3% incrementó los niveles de PPAR-α, mientras el PPAR- γ se incrementó en los grupos III, IV y V. El SREBP tuvo mayor inhibición al 3% de paico. La relación PPAR-α /SREBP y Ppar- γ /SREBP aumentó en relación el porcentaje de paico. Conclusiones: El consumo del pulverizado de Chenopodium ambrosioides (paico) presenta efecto hepatoprotector a dosis media para el modelo estudiado.
Capacidad antioxidante total y fenoles totales en una bebida funcional no láctea a base de cáscara de maracuyá y chía
Authors: Rivera Pacheco Alejandra Rocio , Chavez Infantes Joyce Karin , Mamani Quispe Ana Luz , Pinto Carpio Elvis
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: se analizó la medición de la capacidad antioxidante total y fenoles totales de una bebida funcional no láctea a base de cáscara de maracuyá y chía.
Metodología: la preparación de la bebida funcional no láctea de cáscaras de maracuyá y chía, se realizaron por triplicado. Los jugos se mezclaron con agua (80:20, 90:10 y 70:30 v / v). Todos los experimentos se realizaron por triplicado. Se utilizó la versión 25 del programa SPSS para determinar la diferencia entre las medias mediante la prueba ANOVA unidireccional y la prueba univariada para composición proximal, compuestos fenólicos totales y actividad antioxidante mediante DPPH.
Resultados: las medias se compararon utilizando la prueba de Duncan en (p < 0,05). El Tratamiento 3 (T3: BF90%: A10%, Ch45g) mostró el mayor contenido de proteínas (0.48%), siendo el tratamiento más alto en este aspecto. La humedad en T3 fue la más baja entre los tratamientos (96.20%), lo que podría mejorar la estabilidad del producto. T3 tuvo el contenido de grasa más bajo (0.06%), y el contenido de cenizas fue el más alto (0.25%), indicando una mayor concentración de minerales. T3 presentó el contenido más alto de hidratos de carbono (2.4278%), lo que puede influir en la energía y sabor del producto.
Conclusión: la actividad antioxidante en T3 fue de 0.26 mmol/mL TROLOX, intermedia entre los tratamientos, mientras que la actividad fenólica fue inferior a 0.01.
Transformación de residuos de frutas y verduras en alimentos saludables y sostenibles y su impacto en la salud de las personas mayores.
Authors: Rodriguez Palleres Ximena , Rojas González Fancy , Toledo San Marín Álvaro , Castagnini Juan Manuel
Published: February 2025

RESUMEN
Introducción: El desperdicio de frutas y verduras tiene un impacto ambiental, nutricional y social que afecta la seguridad alimentaria de la población, principalmente de las personas mayores.
Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de la ingesta de alimentos saludables y sustentables provenientes de excedentes agroalimentarios sobre la salud de personas mayores en Chile a través de parámetros nutricionales y bioquímicos.
Métodos: Estudio de intervención nutricional. Participaron 45 adultos mayores, divididos en un grupo control y un grupo de intervención. En el grupo de intervención se incorporaron prototipos de alimentos elaborados a partir de residuos de frutas y verduras a la dieta diaria durante 60 días. Se realizaron evaluaciones de ingesta dietética, mediciones antropométricas y análisis de sangre antes y después de la intervención a ambos grupos.
Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso post intervención fue de 40,9% en el grupo intervenido y de 30.4%, en el grupo control. En el grupo de intervención, la ingesta de frutas aumentó a 137.50 gramos (p=1.824e-06*) y verduras aumentó a 229.55 (p=1.019e-07*) después de la intervención, con diferencias significativas. Las vitaminas A (0.74 mg/L, p=0.707) y C (5.39 mg/L, p=0.647) aumentaron en el grupo de intervención después de la intervención, pero sin diferencias significativas. El colesterol total (168.5  mg/L, p=0.734) y el colesterol LDL (96.34 p=0.769) disminuyeron en el grupo de intervención después de la intervención, pero sin diferencias significativas.
Conclusión: Primer estudio que muestra la ingesta de alimentos saludables y sostenibles elaborados a partir de residuos de frutas y verduras y su impacto en el estado de salud de las personas mayores.
Asociación entre percepción de la calidad del sueño, composición corporal y nivel de glucosa en adultos peruanos
Authors: Sandoval-Valentin Genesis , Querevalú Zevallos Yonell Josue , Saintila Jacksaint , Calizaya-Milla Yaquelin E.
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La percepción de la calidad del sueño se refiere a cómo una persona evalúa o califica la calidad de su sueño. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que explorar cómo se relaciona con aspectos específicos de salud física. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este fue investigar la asociación entre la percepción de la calidad del sueño, la composición corporal y el nivel de glucosa en una muestra de adultos peruanos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 63 participantes de 18 a 63 años que forman parte de dos entidades Adventistas de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y U de Mann-Whitney, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: De total de los participantes que informaron percepción de calidad de sueño no óptimo, el 48.7% tenían exceso de peso corporal, sin embargo, no se observó asociación significativa, p > 0,05. Curiosamente, las personas con una percepción óptima del sueño tenían un porcentaje de grasa corporal significativamente más alto (37.5 ± 6.3) respecto a aquellos con una percepción no óptima (35.3 ± 7.2), p < 0,05. Por otro lado, aquellos que reportaron percepción óptima de la calidad del sueño, tenían una puntuación más alta de masa muscular (23.9 ± 5.5), sin embargo, no hubo asociación significativa, p > 0,05. Del 100 de aquellos que reportaron percepción de calidad del sueño no óptimo, el 53.8% eran prediabético, p < 0,05. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la implementación de programas de educación destinados a mejorar la calidad del sueño y disminuir el riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles.
Caracterización sociodemográfica y estado nutricional en niños preescolares desnutridos con inmadurez neuropsicológica.
Authors: Suárez Aldaz Viviana E , Fierro Saltos Washington Raúl , Vásconez Salazar José Luis , Vásquez Cortez Luis Humberto
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La desnutrición en niños menores de 5 años afecta su desarrollo integral, causando inmadurez neuropsicológica, retraso motor y bajo rendimiento escolar. Factores socioeconómicos, como el entorno de vida y los ingresos familiares, limitan el acceso a una alimentación adecuada y agravan esta problemática.
Objetivo: Relacionar las características sociodemográficas con el estado nutricional de niños preescolares que presentan inmadurez neuropsicológica.
Materiales y métodos: Se recolectó información sociodemográfica mediante entrevistas, y se evaluó el estado nutricional de los niños a través de registros antropométricos y atención médica. La evaluación neuropsicológica se realizó mediante el cuestionario de Madurez Neuropsicológica Infantil (Cumanin).
Resultados y discusiones: El 43,3% de los niños evaluados vive en áreas rurales; el 31,2% tiene un ingreso familiar menor a $400 y el 45,8% carece de estabilidad económica. En cuanto al crecimiento, el 22,6% presenta retraso; un 20% muestra desnutrición en el índice peso/edad y el 29,3% en IMC/edad. Además, el 3,2% tiene peso extremadamente
bajo en relación con su talla y otro 3,2% presenta sobrepeso - obesidad. En cuanto al desarrollo neuropsicológico, el 43,2% presenta dificultades en la madurez cerebral, el 15,2% inmadurez en el desarrollo global, el 44,8% deficiencia en desarrollo verbal y el 28,8% no alcanza el desarrollo no verbal.
Conclusión: Aunque la mayoría de los niños evaluados se encuentra en rangos nutricionales normales, una proporción significativa presenta desnutrición aguda, crónica, sobrepeso y obesidad. La inmadurez cerebral observada sugiere causas tanto nutricionales como sociodemográficas, ya que la mayoría proviene de entornos rurales y familias con ingresos bajos, lo cual limita su acceso a una alimentación adecuada.
Incidence trends and risk factors for Perthes’ disease in children born between 1985 and 2016
Authors: Hedley Paula L. , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik , Conway Kristin M. , Hindsø Klaus , Romitti Paul A. , Christiansen Michael
Published: February 2025

Aims

In this study, we aimed to evaluate incidence trends and potential risk factors associated with Perthes’ disease in Denmark, using publicly available data.

Methods

Our population-based case-control study used data from the Danish National Patient Register and Danish Civil Registration System, accessed through the publicly available Danish Biobank Register, to identify 1,924,292 infants born between 1985 and 2016. We estimated age-specific incidence rates for four birth periods of equal duration (1985 to 1992, 1993 to 2000, 2001 to 2008, and 2009 to 2016) and investigated associations with perinatal conditions, congenital malformations, coagulation defects, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).

Results

We identified 2,374 (81.6% male) diagnosed with Perthes’ disease aged between two and 12 years, corresponding to an overall incidence of 12.1 per 100,000 live births relative to the year of birth. The incidence declined across all four birth periods, irrespective of sex or age at diagnosis. Several perinatal conditions were associated with higher Perthes’ disease risk. Children with reported birth injuries (vs no reported injuries) exhibited the highest risk (relative risk (RR) 7.48 (95% CI 3.37 to 16.63)) followed by those with versus without coagulation defects (RR 4.77 (95% CI 1.79 to 12.69)). Children diagnosed with syndromic (RR 2.90 (95% CI 2.08 to 4.04)) or non-syndromic major congenital malformations (RR 1.86 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.23)) (vs those with no malformation diagnosis) were also associated with higher Perthes’ disease risk. The development of Perthes’ disease was positively associated with several ASD and ADHD diagnoses. However, once adjusting for the sex of the child and period of birth, the associations with ASD and ADHD were no longer significant.

Conclusion

Using publicly available data, we observed a declining incidence of Perthes’ disease in Denmark over a 32-year study period. Our findings also confirm positive associations between Perthes’ disease and various perinatal conditions, coagulation defects, and congenital malformations, highlighting potential aetiological pathways for further investigation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(2):268–276.
Assessing the Wrightington Classification System for elbow fracture-dislocations
Authors: Tse Shannon , Van de Kelft An-Sofie , Simister Samuel K. , Forster Danielle A. , Lee Marcus , Prinja Aditya , Rajesparan Kannan , Rashid Abbas
Published: February 2025

Aims

Complex elbow fracture-dislocations often result in suboptimal outcomes and necessitate a thorough understanding of injury patterns to guide effective management and reduce adverse sequelae. The Wrightington Classification System (WCS) offers a comprehensive approach and considers both bony and soft-tissue disruption, providing clearer guidance for treatment. This is the first external study to assess the reliability of the WCS for elbow fracture-dislocations.

Methods

A blinded study of patients with elbow fracture-dislocations at a single institution between December 2014 and December 2022 was conducted. Five assessors with a range of experience, including orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists, independently classified injuries using the WCS across three image methods: plain radiograph, 2D CT, and 2D and 3D CT reconstruction images, on two occasions with an eight-week interval. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated using kappa statistics and the Landis and Koch criteria.

Results

A total of 73 patients were included in the study. Interobserver reliability was moderate, with mean kappa values of 0.518 (95% CI 0.499 to 0.537), 0.557 (95% CI 0.537 to 0.577), and 0.582 (95% CI 0.562 to 0.601), for radiographs, 2D CT, and 2D and 3D CT reconstructions, respectively. Intraobserver agreement was substantial (mean kappa 0.695 (SE 0.067), 0.729 (SE 0.071), and 0.777 (SE 0.070) for radiographs, 2D CT, and 3D CT reconstructions, respectively).

Conclusion

The WCS is a reliable and valuable tool for characterizing elbow fracture-dislocations and guiding surgical interventions. This study found moderate reliability in using the WCS, with higher reliability with combined 2D and 3D CT imaging. Further refinement within the WCS in differentiating between coronoid avulsions, basal, anteromedial, and/or anterolateral facet injuries may help improve reliability and reproducibility.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(2):188–192.
3D fracture assessment could be predictive of native hip survival after nonoperative treatment of acetabular fractures
Authors: Trouwborst Neeltje M. , Oldhoff Miriam. G. E. , ten Duis Kaj , van Helden Sven H. , Hermans Erik , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Reininga Inge H. F. , Tromp Tjarda N. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , de Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. , Meesters Anne M. L. , IJpma Frank F. A.
Published: February 2025

Aims

The aim of the study was to apply 3D measurements for fracture displacement in minimally to moderately displaced acetabular fractures treated nonoperatively, and to evaluate whether this measurement can be used to estimate the likelihood of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) at follow-up.

Methods

A multicentre, cross-sectional study was performed on 144 patients who were treated nonoperatively for an acetabular fracture in four level 1 trauma centres between January 2000 and December 2020. For each patient, fracture displacement was measured on CT-based 3D models. The 3D gap area represents fracture displacement (mm2) between all fracture fragments. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to determine a 3D gap area threshold representing the optimal sensitivity and specificity to predict conversion to THA. Native hip survival was reported using Kaplan-Meier curves. Predictors of conversion to THA were determined using Cox regression analysis.

Results

Of 144 patients, 18 (12%) received a THA. The median 3D gap area of the complete study cohort was 692 mm2 (IQR 216 to 1,400). Native hip survival in patients with a gap area threshold ≤ 1,171 or > 1,171 mm2 differed at one-year (98% vs 85%), two-year (96% vs 77%), and five-year follow-up (92% vs 73%). 3D gap area > 1,171 mm2 (hazard ratio (HR) 4.3; 95% CI 1.7 to 11.0) and the presence of osteoarthritis grade 2 or higher (HR 3.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 7.8) independently predicted the likelihood of conversion to THA during follow-up.

Conclusion

For nonoperatively treated acetabular fractures, introducing 3D gap area assessment to measure fracture displacement offers a promising approach for assessing the risk of conversion to THA. With the introduction of (semi-)automatic segmentation and measurement techniques, or their implementation into commercially available software, this 3D gap area measurement can serve as an addition to the Letournel classification and an alternative to traditional 2D gap and step-off measurements, improving accuracy, reproducibility, and applicability in clinical decision-making.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(2):204–212.
Acetabular component position significantly influences the rebalancing of pelvic sagittal inclination following total hip arthroplasty in patients with Crowe type III/IV developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Du Han , Qiao Han , Zhai Zan-jing , Zhang Jing-wei , Li Hui-wu , Mao Yuan-qing , Zhu Zhen-an , Zhao Jie , Yu De-gang , Zhao Chang-qing
Published: February 2025

Aims

Sagittal lumbar pelvic alignment alters with posterior pelvic tilt (PT) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The individual value of pelvic sagittal inclination (PSI) following rebalancing of lumbar-pelvic alignment is unknown. In different populations, PT regresses in a linear relationship with pelvic incidence (PI). PSI and PT have a direct relationship to each other via a fixed individual angle ∠γ. This study aimed to investigate whether the new PI created by acetabular component positioning during THA also has a linear regression relationship with PT/PSI when lumbar-pelvic alignment rebalances postoperatively in patients with Crowe type III/IV DDH.

Methods

Using SPINEPARA software, we measured the pelvic sagittal parameters including PI, PT, and PSI in 61 patients with Crowe III/IV DDH. Both PSI and PT represent the pelvic tilt state, and the difference between their values is ∠γ (PT = PSI + ∠γ). The regression equation between PI and PT at one year after THA was established. By substituting ∠γ, the relationship between PI and PSI was also established. The Bland-Altman method was used to evaluate the consistency between the PSI calculated by the linear regression equation (ePSI) and the actual PSI (aPSI) measured one year postoperatively.

Results

The mean PT and PSI changed from preoperative values of 7.0° (SD 6.5°) and -8.0° (SD 6.7°), respectively, to 8.4° (SD 5.5°) and -4.5° (SD 5.9°) at one year postoperatively. This change shows that the pelvis tilted posteriorly following THA. In addition, when lumbar-pelvic alignment rebalanced, the linear regression equation between PI and PT was PT = 0.45 × PI - 10.5°, and PSI could be expressed as PSI = 0.45 × PI - 10.5° - ∠γ. The absolute difference between ePSI and aPSI was less than 5° in 55 of 61 patients (90.16%).

Conclusion

The new PI created by the positioning of the acetabular component significantly affects the PSI when lumbar-pelvic alignment changes and rebalances after THA in patients with Crowe III/IV DDH.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(2):149–156.
Evaluating polyethylene, polyether-ether-ketone, and metal-on-metal locking mechanism survival in Modular Universal Tumour and Revision System knee reconstructions for oncological indications
Authors: Evenhuis Richard E. , Bus Michaël P. A. , van Nes Joao , Walter Sebastian G. , Cabrolier Jorge , Fiocco Marta , van der Wal Robert J. P. , Broekhuis Demien , Sellevold Simen , van de Sande Michiel A. J.
Published: February 2025

Aims

Over time, the locking mechanism of Modular Universal Tumour and Revision System (MUTARS) knee arthroplasties changed from polyethylene (PE) to polyether-ether-ketone Optima (PEEK) and metal-on-metal (MoM) in an attempt to reduce the risk of mechanical failure. In this study, we aimed to assess the cumulative incidence of locking mechanism revision for symptomatic instability by type of material, and assess potential associated risk factors.

Methods

The MUTARS Orthopaedic Registry Europe was used for a retrospective review of 316 patients (54% male (n = 170), median age 44 years (IQR 23 to 61)) who underwent a MUTARS knee arthroplasty for oncological indications between December 1995 and January 2023. The minimum follow-up was 12 months, and the median follow-up was 7.9 years (IQR 3.3 to 13.0). A competing risk model was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of first locking mechanism revision with death and revision for any other reason as competing events. Possible risk factors were assessed employing a univariate cause-specific hazards regression model.

Results

Symptomatic instability of the hinge or locking mechanism due to wear (n = 20) or breakage (n = 14) occurred in 34 patients (11%): 9% of PE (n = 4/45), 20% of PEEK (n = 9/44), and 9% of MoM locking mechanisms (n = 21/227). The cumulative incidences of revision for instability due to wear or locking mechanism breakage at two, five, and ten years were 0%, 5% (95% CI 1 to 15), and 5% (95% CI 1 to 15) for PE, 5% (95% CI 1 to 14), 14% (95% CI 5 to 26), and 16% (95% CI 7 to 29) for PEEK, and 0%, 3% (95% CI 1 to 6), and 10% (95% CI 5 to 16) for MoM. With PE as the reference category, the cause-specific hazard ratio for PEEK and MoM were 3.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 11.9; p = 0.036) and 3.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 9.5; p = 0.043), respectively. Age, BMI, resection length, and extra-articular resections were not associated with the time to locking mechanism revision.

Conclusion

Alterations in prosthetic materials have not decreased the revision risk for locking mechanism failure. Besides locking mechanism material, no other patient- or prosthesis-related risk factors for locking mechanism failure were identified. Improvement of the locking mechanism is warranted since revision exposes patients to the risk of serious secondary complications.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(2):239–245.
Preventing pressure sores after hip fracture
Authors: Costa Matt L. , Greenwood Clare , Nixon Jane
Published: February 2025

Hip fractures commonly occur in older patients, with high levels of frailty and comorbidity. Many of these patients have limited mobility before their fracture, and even after surgery, their mobility may remain limited. It is therefore not surprising that they are at a high risk of developing pressure sores, particularly on their heels, and a variety of devices and interventions have been proposed to reduce this risk. Foam or air mattresses, designed to reduce contact pressure on the patient’s whole body, are now routinely used in many healthcare systems. However, there is wide variation in their design. We developed the WHiTE 14;PRESSURE 3 trial to address the lack of evidence in this area. This is a three-arm multicentre randomized trial including health economic evaluation and recruiting patients from NHS hospitals in the UK. The trial compares standard strategies for the prevention of pressure sores with standard care plus a constant low-pressure device and with standard care plus a heel off-loading device. This annotation describes the development of this trial.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(2):135–138.
Bony integration of a hybrid glenoid component in anatomical shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Barret Hugo , Tiercelin Joris , Godenèche Arnaud , Charousset Christophe , Audebert Stephane , Lefebvre Yves , Gallinet David , Barth Johannes , Bonnevialle Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Aims

Loosening of the glenoid component in the long term remains an important complication of the anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). The aim of this study was to explore the bony integration of a hybrid glenoid component based on an analysis of CT scans.

Methods

In a prospective multicentre study, patients who underwent primary aTSA, whose hybrid design of glenoid component included a fully-polyethylene flanged upper peg and a porous-coated titanium lower peg, and who were reviewed with CT scans between 12 and 24 months postoperatively, were included. Two independent observers reviewed the scans. Bony integration of the upper peg was scored as described by Arnold et al, and integration of the lower peg was scored as described by Gulotta et al. Perforation of the glenoid vault in any plane was also assessed.

Results

From an initial group of 120 aTSAs in 116 patients, 104 CT scans were analyzed in 100 patients (four bilateral shoulders, mean age 66 years (SD 11), 62 female and 38 male). Osteolysis around the upper peg was found in 32 patients (32 aTSAs; 31%). Of the remaining patients, 72 had a mean Arnold score of 5.6 points (SD 0.9), and 70 (67%) had perfect integration. The lower peg had a mean Gulotta score of 6.5 points (SD 1.4). There was perfect integration of the lower peg in 70 patients (70 aTSAs; 67%). A total of nine patients (nine aTSAs; 9%) had no bony integration at either peg. There was perforation of the glenoid in an anterior or posterior direction at the level of the upper peg in three and 28 patients, respectively. This occurred at the level of the lower peg in 11 and 18 patients, respectively. The inter- and intraobserver reliability was good (k = 0.782 and 0.86, respectively). No implant breakage occurred at a mean follow-up of 16 months (12 to 24). The clinical outcome was satisfactory at a mean follow-up of 32 months (24 to 35), as assessed by a visual analogue scale score for pain, the Constant-Murley score, Subjective Shoulder Value, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score.

Conclusion

Short-term CT scan analysis of a new hybrid anatomical glenoid component found perfect bony integration around the lower porous coated titanium peg in 90% of patients. The upper polyethylene flanged peg had bony integration in 70 patients (70 aTSAs; 67%). Longer follow-up is needed to analyze the rate of survival of this component. The short-term clinical outcome was satisfactory.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(2):181–187.
Social capital in skilled migrants’ careers: why (not) rely on it?
Authors: Kozhevnikov Andrew
Published: February 2025

Although resources accessible through social contacts (social capital) can enhance people’s careers and, especially, careers of migrants, a comprehensive account explaining why career agents do or do not rely on social capital for career reasons is currently absent. This article addresses this lacuna by utilising Realist Social Theory’s notion of reflexivity to explore careers of 82 skilled migrants in global (London) and secondary (Newcastle upon Tyne) cities. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews reveals that reliance on social capital for career reasons depends upon three factors: (1) need, (2) accessibility, and (3) costs. All three have proved to be shaped by both migrants’ reflexive agency and structural conditions of the urban environments where their careers are unfolding. This article contributes by offering a fine-grained and balanced explanatory account of social capital in skilled migrants’ careers, which further conceptualizes careers decision making as a relational phenomenon.
Reviewing Transition Economies (1989-2021): Sustainable Reform Outcomes in Post-Socialist Countries
Authors: Boguslavskyy Oleksandr , Gura Viktoriya , Nikitina Tatyana
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the assessment of the results of reforms in transition economies for 1989-2021 using cluster analysis. The article allocates 27 indicators characterizing the main parameters of the transformations of 25 post-socialist countries of CEE, SEE, Baltic, South East Asia, former CIS countries, etc. Using the methods of elbow, silhouette and gap analysis, the optimal number of clusters for transition countries is determined. The Ward method was used to cluster the transition countries into two groups and to draw a diagram with the boundaries of the clusters. The first group includes countries that are less successful in reforming, and the second group includes countries that have achieved significant results in reforming. Based on the analysis, conclusions and recommendations are drawn towards social entrepreneurship development as a driving force of social innovative dissemination.
Keywords: results of post-socialist transformation in 1989-2021, cluster analysis, transition economies, social entrepreneurship development, public administration
Forecasting Gross Written Premiums in Albania's Life Insurance Industry: Insights for Financial Sustainability
Authors: Kopani Albion , Kopani Xhevdet
Published: February 2025

The insurance industry in Albania is a sector that consistently receives significant attention in the overall financial industry and plays a crucial role in fostering a culture of insurance among the populace. Year after year, these companies have expanded their presence to the clients, and what is most important, they have expanded the products that they are selling to the clients.
This paper aims to analyze the historical development trends of the Albanian insurance industry, taking into account its significance for a developing economy. Additionally, empirical models will be constructed to predict the values of gross written premiums over a four-year period. The methodology that will be used consist of the analyses of SARIMA and Holt-Winter models to prevent the prediction of the four year period on gross written premiums (GWP) on the life insurance industry in Albania. These models and the comparison between them will prevent a better understanding of the future life insurance in Albania. Those results will help all participant actors of the industry to contribute to a safe and secure environment for the people. Also, the result will help to see the trend and lead the government and companies to prevent the impact of economic sustainability.  The conclusion from this paper is that the years from 2024 to 2027 life insurance will grow
Keywords: Life Insurance, analysis, SARIMA, Holt-Winters, safe environmental, GWP, Albania.
Advancing Renewable Energy Transition for Economic Sustainability: Insights from Global Practices and Local Adaptation Strategies
Authors: Osadcha Natalia , Zaverbnyj Andrij , Liashenko Viacheslav
Published: February 2025

Renewable energy in Ukraine accounts for 9 per cent. Renewable energy is planned to be developed in the post-war reconstruction. The Swedish experience is suitable for this purpose and it is advisable to apply it. The biggest problem is the conversion of old enterprises to renewable energy sources. The article presents a methodology for assessing the possibility of transition to renewable energy sources
Keywords: energy, renewable energy, economic sustainability, energy system energy strategy
Child Labor Prevention and Supply Chain Sustainability: Evidence from German Outdoor Textile Companies
Authors: Klampfl Georg Alfred
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to present the measures that German textile companies in the outdoor industry are taking to minimize the risk of child labor in their supply chains. To this end, five company sustainability reports and a company assessment by the independent Fair-Wear-Foundation are evaluated as examples. The measures are assigned to predefined categories in accordance with the OECD guidelines. In a second step, subcategories are formed for the measures assigned to the main categories. The data analysis shows that companies are already taking a variety of measures to minimize the risk of child labor in their supply chains. The measures mainly focus on the companies' direct suppliers (Tier-1). Only few measures are taken regarding the deeper supply chain, even though the risk of child labor is rated as particularly high here. Contractual obligations between suppliers and audits along the entire supply chain are discussed as a measure that can contribute to reducing the risk in the deeper supply chain.
Keywords: child labor, supply chain, garment industry, OECD guidelines
The Impact of Gender Factors on Economic Development: A Global Comparative Analysis
Authors: Tiurina Dina , Yarmak Olga , Cherniaieva Anna , Meshcheriakov Volodymyr , Rusyn-Hrynyk Roman
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to determine trends and the current state of the gender issue, as well as the impact of different gender factors, taking into account the period of COVID-19, on the level of Ukrainian GDP compared with the countries of the world in modern conditions and to propose appropriate recommendations for the activation and stimulation of women’s participation in business. The authors emphasize that women are disproportionately affected by various social crises: climate change, wars, conflicts and human rights violations etc. The authors analyze the Ukrainian Gender Inequality Index in and make a conclusion that it more than halved during the last decades. The reason for this, especially in recent years, was the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine that had a very negative impact on business. The authors note that Ukraine is situated in 35th place in the European ranking of countries concerning the value of the Gender Inequality Index. A large number of women are generally not involved in the labor market or other economic activities. At the same time, a continuing consequence of the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine was a noticeable lack of qualified personnel on the labor market. This is due to the involvement of exclusively men in certain sectors of the economy and their mobilization. The results of the regression analysis indicate that economic participation has the greatest impact on GDP among all the components of the Global Gender Gap Index in the USA, Canada and Poland. Educational attainment is situated on the second place. As for Ukraine, the authors show that as the level of participation of women in the labor force increases, Ukrainian GDP also increases. Taking into account the results of the calculations, the authors conclude that gender factors have a direct impact on the country's economy 
Keywords: gender factors, sustainable development, gender equality, Gender Inequality Index, Global Gender Gap Index, GDP, Ukraine, Poland, The USA, Canada.
Unveiling explainability in artificial intelligence: a step to-‎wards transparent AI
Authors: Boya Marqas Ridwan , Almufti Saman M. , Azad Yusif Rezhna
Published: February 2025

Explainability in artificial intelligence (AI) is an essential factor for building transparent, trustworthy, and ethical systems, particularly in ‎high-stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, justice, and autonomous systems. This study examines the foundations of AI explainability, ‎its critical role in fostering trust, and the current methodologies used to interpret AI models, such as post-hoc techniques, intrinsically inter-‎pretable models, and hybrid approaches. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including trade-offs between accuracy and inter-‎pretability, scalability, ethical risks, and transparency gaps. The paper explores emerging trends like causality-based explanations, neuro-‎symbolic AI, and personalized frameworks, while emphasizing the integration of ethics and the need for automation in explainability. Future ‎directions stress the importance of collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to establish industry standards and ‎regulations, ensuring that AI systems align with societal values and expectations.
Usia, Kebersyukuran, dan Subjective Well-Being pada Guru Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Wahidah Fatin Rohmah Nur , Oktaviana Fannisa Dwi , Sulthani Rifki Hanif , Permadi Iman
Published: February 2025

Kindergarten teachers subjective well-being is considered essential for teaching and learning success. This study aims to determine the effect of gratitude on the subjective well-being of kindergarten teachers, which is moderated by age. The quantitative approach is used in this study, with the number of respondents 72 Aisyiyah Kindergarten teachers in Purwokerto. The instruments used are the subjective well-being scale modified from the SWLS and SPANE scales by Diener et al. (2009) with Cronbach’s ⍺ = 0,839 (15 items), the gratitude scale modified from the GRAT scale by Watkins, Woodward, Stone, and Kolts (2003) with Cronbach’s ⍺ = 0,901 (32 items), and also age demographic data. Multiple regression analysis is used to determine the effect of the variables and their moderating effect, assisted by the Jamovi 1.8.4 software. The results of the study show that there is a significant effect of gratitude on the subjective well-being of kindergarten teachers. Age is also statistically and significantly proven to moderate the relationship. Age differences give different results towards kindergarten teachers' subjective well-being. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the discussion.
 
Subjective well-being pada guru taman kanak-kanak dianggap penting untuk keberhasilan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebersyukuran terhadap subjective well-being pada guru TK yang dimoderatori oleh usia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan jumlah responden 72 guru TK Aisyiyah di Purwokerto. Instrumen yangdigunakan adalah skala subjective well-being yang dimodifikasi dari skalaSWLS dan SPANE milik Diener et al (2009) dengan Cronbach ⍺ = 0,839 (15 aitem), skala kebersyukuran dimodifikasi dari skala GRAT milik Watkins, Woodward, Stone, dan Kolts (2003) dengan Cronbach ⍺ = 0,901 (32 aitem), serta data demografi usia. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu regresi berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel dan efek moderasinya, dibantu dengan software Jamovi 1.8.4. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan kebersyukuran terhadap subjective well-being pada guru TK. Usia juga terbukti secara statistik dan signifikan dapat memoderasi hubungan tersebut. Adanya perbedaan usia, memberikan hasil yang berbedapula pengaruhnya terhadap subjective well-being guru. Implikasi teoritis dan praktis dari temuan ini dibahas dalam diskusi.