bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the orbital motion of Sgr A*’s near-infrared flares
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Bauböck M. , Dexter J. , Abuter R. , Amorim A. , Berger J. P. , Bonnet H. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , Coudé du Foresto V. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Duvert G. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Gao F. , Garcia P. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gerhard O. , Gillessen S. , Habibi M. , Haubois X. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Jiménez-Rosales A. , Jocou L. , Kervella P. , Lacour S. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Rabien S. , Rodriguez Coira G. , Rousset G. , Scheithauer S. , Stadler J. , Sternberg A. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. , Waisberg I. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. , Yazici S.
Published: February 2020

Infrared observations of Sgr A* probe the region close to the event horizon of the black hole at the Galactic center. These observations can constrain the properties of low-luminosity accretion as well as that of the black hole itself. The GRAVITY instrument at the ESO VLTI has recently detected continuous circular relativistic motion during infrared flares which has been interpreted as orbital motion near the event horizon. Here we analyze the astrometric data from these flares, taking into account the effects of out-of-plane motion and orbital shear of material near the event horizon of the black hole. We have developed a new code to predict astrometric motion and flux variability from compact emission regions following particle orbits. Our code combines semi-analytic calculations of timelike geodesics that allow for out-of-plane or elliptical motions with ray tracing of photon trajectories to compute time-dependent images and light curves. We apply our code to the three flares observed with GRAVITY in 2018. We show that all flares are consistent with a hotspot orbiting at R ∼ 9 gravitational radii with an inclination of i ∼ 140°. The emitting region must be compact and less than ∼5 gravitational radii in diameter. We place a further limit on the out-of-plane motion during the flare.
Assessing cryptic marine fauna diversity as underwater macrophotography (UMP) objects in Sempu Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Andrimida Anthon , Hermawan Rudi
Published: February 2020

Cryptic marine fauna refers to organisms that live inside habitats that hidden from direct exposure to their outer environment. Its cryptic nature made these animals rarely observed, and hence understudied. Whereas, they are very popular among experienced divers alike as underwater macrophotography objects. The aim of this study is to assess the diversity of cryptic marine fauna on the proximity of coral reef area at Sempu Strait to bring up its underwater macrophotography tourism potential. While the definition of cryptic marine fauna itself could include any major group of marine organisms, we limit the extent of our study only into the four most popular animal groups in underwater macrophotography which are: fishes, sea slugs, arthropods, and flatworms. We conducted underwater surveys using roving diver technique spanning from October 2017 to June 2019 at eleven dive sites of Sempu Strait and yielded 84 species that consists of 45 species of sea slug, 29 Species of fish, 8 species of arthropods, and 2 species of flatworms. The overall fauna diversity shows that Sempu Strait has high diversity of sea slug and cryptic fishes, while the site-specific diversity shows that Stumbut dive site has the highest marine cryptic fauna diversity.
The differences of depth on the species composition of Spiny Lobster Puerulus on South Pacitan Regency, East Java
Authors: Setyanto A. , Saputra W. A. , Pambudi K. A. , Tumulyadi A.
Published: February 2020

Lobster resources is the one of renewable resources but if catches are increasing without any control will cause a depleted resource. Catching lobsters is not only for adult phase but for all phases are captured. The purpose of this study to determine composition of lobster seeds between depths which has a high value of lobster seeds collection so that it can be used as a reference for lobster protection in nature. This research was conducted in January – February 2019, located in Wawaran beach waters, Pacitan. The statistical method used in this research are Chi-Square and Kruskall-Wallis analysis. Based on the results of atractror puerulus lobster in two different depths (14 and 20 meter) in Wawaran beach waters found that there are 4 species puerulus, i.e. Panulirus homarus, Panulirus penicillatus, Panulirus ornatus and Panulirus versicolor. It was found that different depths did not affect the composition of the collected puerulus species. Then the Kruskal-Wallis test at 14 meters and 20 meters depth found a significant difference in the value of each type of lobster. The type of puerulus from Panulirus homarus has the dominant results compared than the other three species.
UAV application for site suitability mangrove replantation program, case study in Pasuruan and Probolinggo, East Java
Authors: Darmawan Arief , Saputra Dhira K. , Asadi M Arif , Karang I Wayan Gede Astawa
Published: February 2020

In the northern coast of East Java, mangrove naturally growth along the coastline of most regencies, and becomes the important factor in the sustainability of fisheries, protection and other environmental services for communities in coastal areas. The last few decades, satellite remote sensing becomes the most widely used tool for mangrove monitoring purpose. Various types of sensory satellite images are used for mapping areas, types and densities, estimating the mangrove biomass. Meanwhile, UAV (Unmaned Aerial Vehicle) is rapidly developed and quite affordable. Various footages and photogrammetry works carried out with the lightweight UAV. Therefore, utilizing UAVs for capturing mangrove areas can be an effective solution to identify area where rehabilitation should be conducted. The research aimed to use the consumer grade DJI Phantom 4 Pro for mapping 92,6 Ha mangrove area in Rejoso (Pasuruan) and 69,37 Ha of Sumberasih (Probolinggo). Result of this study shows the capability of UAV to provide detail mangrove image (canopy density, characteristics and environmental profile), which can be used to support the management activities, particularly mangrove replantation program. Also, it could be a low cost solution and time effective of mangrove monitoring, compared with previous approach of high-resolution satellite imagery.
Biology characteristic, abundance index and fishing aspect of donkey croaker (Pennahia aneaBloch, 1793) in the Tangerang Waters
Authors: Wagiyo Karsono , Tirtadanu  , Chodriyah Umi
Published: February 2020

Pennahia aneain Tangerang waters have a fork length between 9.4 and 23 cm, with an average of 18.9 cm and modus 18-18.5 cm. Growth type is isometric with correlation R2= 0.7266 and b = 3.2251. The sex ratio of female: male = 1: 0.9. Level and index maturity of gonad are highest in February and lowest in March.The length first maturity of donkey croaker at 15.8 cmFL. The length of the first capture (Lc) by danish seine net at 16,76 cmFL and by gill net at 17.60 cmFL. Asymptotic length (L∞) at 23.89 cmFL and growth rate (K) = 0.84 per year. Mortality rate; total (Z) = 4.01, natural (M) = 1.73/year and by fishing (F) = 2.28/year. Exploitation rate (E) of donkey croaker fish is 0.57. CPUE the smallest in July was 0.41 kg/trip/day, the largest was in June 9 kg/trip/day, averaging 3.3 kg/trip/day. The fishing season from July to January with its peak in November and the famine season occurs in February-June with a peak in February. The main fishing gear for catching donkey croaker fish in the Tangerang waters is the danish seine net. The highest production of donkey croaker fish in June.
Chemistry and Physic Characterization of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Gelatin from Tarakan, North Borneo, Indonesia
Authors: Hutapea Tri Paus Hasiholan , Rukisah  , Muliyadi  , Madurani Kartika A. , Suprapto  , Kurniawan Fredy
Published: February 2020

Gelatin of milkfish (Chanos chanos) from Tarakan, North Borneo, Indonesia has been extracted successfully. The gelatin was extracted from the milkfish bone. In prior to extracting, the bone was cleaned with demineralized water and then dried at room temperature. The extraction process was done in several procedures. The first procedure has immersed the bone in 0.1 M NaOH for 48 hours. After that, it was washed until it reached neutral conditions and continued with immersing it in 0.1 M HCl for 72 hours and then washed it to get the neutral condition. The next procedure is the extraction process. It was using water solvents with a ratio of milkfish bone and water is 1: 3. The extraction process was carried out at 55ºC for 4 hours. The obtained gelatin was characterized. The results showed that moisture content 6.39%; ash content 1.92%; pH 6.1; viscosity 5.39 cP; and color 75 PtCo. This result was proved that the gelatin extraction successful.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method in Camba Sub-district, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Oktaviani Nahra , Ristya Yoanna , Fadhil Muhammad , Kusratmoko Eko
Published: February 2020

This research presents the results of a landslide susceptibility mapping using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based statistical namely Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) in Camba Sub-district, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Ten physical factors encompassed soil type, slope, slope aspect, rock type, altitude, land cover, distance from the river, rainfall, distance from faults, and distance from the road that collected from several sources and used to determined landslide susceptible areas. SMCE was applied to classify the degree of landslide susceptibility from low to very high classes. Validation using 30 points of landslide events obtained from field survey. The result showed an area with high and very high classes has an area 2079 ha (18,3 %) and 52,5 ha (0,46 %) distributed in the southern region. The results of validation using the R-index for very high and high classes is 55% and ROC shows that of 96.4%, for the P show method of 98%. This landslide mapping can be used for disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness planning purposes.
Analysis of country’s competitiveness factors based on inter-state rating comparisons
Authors: Shmygol Nadiia , Galtsova Olga , Solovyov Oleksiy , Koval Viktor , Arsawan I Wayan Edi
Published: February 2020

Within the framework of the research was conducted an analysis of the modern level and problems of development of competitiveness, taking into account various aspects and system of advantages. In the article it was proved that despite the wide elucidation of the conceptual apparatus, methodological bases and ways of ensuring the competitive advantages of the respective objects of research, single, generalized point of view on this subject today doesn’t exist. It was done the analysis of the factors that ensure the country’s competitiveness on the basis of interstate rating comparisons, which made it possible to organize the factors according to the degree of influence by the Pareto’s method and to determine priority directions of state development.
Assessing coastal vulnerability index of tourism site: the case of Mataram Coast
Authors: Rudiastuti Aninda W. , Rahadiati Ati , Dewi Ratna S. , Soetrisno Dewayany , Maulana Erwin
Published: February 2020

Many coastal areas and infrastructure suffered from unprecedented hazards such as storms, flooding, and erosion. Thus, it is increasing the vulnerability of urban coastal areas aggravated with the absence of coastal green infrastructure. Given the state of coastal environments, there is a genuine need to appraise the vulnerability of coastal cities on the basis of the latest projected climate scenarios and existing condition. Hence, to asses, the vulnerability level of Mataram coastal, the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) accompanied by pre-assessment of readiness to climate disruption. The CVI used to map coastal into five classes of using GIS. As a case study, this approach applied to Mataram City: one of the tourism destinations in Lombok. Two of sub-districts in Mataram City, Ampenan and Sekarbela, laying in the shorelines have undergone coastal flooding and erosion. One of them, Ampenan sub-district, experienced flooding due to river-discharge and became the most severe location during inundation. Results indicated that along ±9000 meters of Mataram coast possess vulnerability level in moderate to very high-risk level. The assessment also showed that sea-level rise is not the only critical issue but also geomorphology and shoreline changes, the existence of green infrastructure, also human activity parameters took important part to be assessed.
Developing of STEM-based learning models for economic education student for facing Industry revolution 4.0 in East Java
Authors: Handayani Sri , Umi Mintarti Sri , Megasari Rizza , Omar Noritah
Published: February 2020

The Government of Indonesia has established Making Indonesia 4.0 to deal with R.I 4.0. To realize this, education should also develop strategies for achieving quality education. Quality education can be realized by increasing the skills possessed by a teacher. In this case, economic education includes students who will become teachers. To become a professional teacher requires special skills in RI 4.0 era. STEM is an acronym for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The purpose of this study is: 1) develop STEM-based learning models for students of economic education in East Java in the face of the R.I Era. 4.0; 2) decide the effectiveness of the implementation of STEM-based learning models for students of economic education in measuring teacher skills in the R.I era 4.0. The method consists of 1) Potential and Problems; 2) Gathering information; 3) Product design; 4) Design validation; 5) Design improvements; 6) Product trials; 7) Product revision; 8) Trial usage; and 9) Product revisions. The results of this study are: 1) STEM-based learning models can be implemented and in accordance with the characteristics of R.I 4.0 and 2) This model is effective in increasing the skills of students of economic education in the R.I 4.0 era.
Relationship between gratitude and psychological well-being around Lapindo Mudflow resident
Authors: Anggraini Dian , Palupi Listyati
Published: February 2020

The Lapindo Mud is a natural disaster occurred 13 years ago and still erupts today. Of course this disaster affects the people who live around it. The people who are the victims of the mud disaster is still survive. Therefore, it is important to understand how this people could survive in this disaster situation. Thus, the purpose of this quantitative, correlational study is to investigate the relationship between gratitude and psychological well-being for the resident around Lapindo mudflow. This research used quantitative method with survey. The scale used was The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6) developed by McCullough to measured the level of gratitude and Javanese Psychological Well-being Scale developed by Palupi to measured psychological well-being. The result showed that there is relationship between gratitude and psychological well-being in the population/resident around Lapindo mudflow.
The Prospects of the marine and coastal tourism development in Ukraine
Authors: Stryzhak Olena , Akhmedova Olena , Aldoshyna Maria
Published: February 2020

The state of the marine and coastal tourism development in Ukraine has been analysed. It has been substantiated that in Ukraine marine tourism has significant potential for the development. In this context, the paper objective is to identify the problems of marine and coastal tourism in Ukraine and to develop the directions of their solutions. In the paper, the social, economic, political, ecological and institutional problems of the marine and coastal tourism development have been defined. The justification of stimulants and restraints of the marine and coastal tourism development in Ukraine have been also considered. The authors of the article have developed and proposed a conceptual model of the marine and coastal tourism development in the context of the sustainable development strategy using the methodology of structural analysis and SADT design. The proposed model takes into account the specifics of the Ukrainian conditions.
Incrasing stakeholder engagement for sustainable natural resource management in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Sri , Winarno Bondan , Premono Bambang T
Published: February 2020

Degradation of natural resources in various areas of Indonesia requires serious attention and action to prevent further damage. This research was descriptive qualitative research, presented data and evidences from two research projects which engage stakeholders to participate in natural resources management in Southern Sumatra. Our finding proved that providing clear information to the stakeholders about the goals to be achieved in natural resource management activities is the most important thing. Furthermore, a detailed description of what stakeholders could do to participate, convincing the stakeholders that they can participate easily and their role is very important in managing this natural resource were also crucial. Other significant aspects were updating information about what has been done, how the results are, also what things are still needed to do in order to reach the goal. Stakeholders will actively participate in natural resource management activities if they know clearly the objectives to be achieved. One of these objectives must be directly or indirectly related to the interests of these stakeholders and provide benefits both tangible and or non-tangible to them. Equity, trust, and learning were needed throughout the process of achieving goals.
Growth in the Muskat problem
Authors: Granero-Belinchón Rafael , Lazar Omar
Published: February 2020

We review some recent results on the Muskat problem modelling multiphase flow in porous media. Furthermore, we prove a new regularity criteria in terms of some norms of the initial data in critical spaces (Ẇ1,∞ and Ḣ3∕2).
On mathematical modelling of temporal spatial spread of epidemics
Authors: Khachatryan Kh.A. , Narimanyan A.Zh. , Khachatryan A.Kh.
Published: February 2020

In the present work a generalized epidemic model containing a system of integral-differential equations is described. Using different transformations the system is reduced to a single nonlinear multidimensional integral equation. For the obtained equation the existence and uniqueness results are proved. Based on theoretical convergence results several application examples are presented with corresponding numerical results.
Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: Endocannabinoids, genetics and obesity
Authors: Simopoulos Artemis P.
Published: February 2020

The tissue composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is important to health and depends on both dietary intake and metabolism controlled by genetic polymorphisms that should be taken into consideration in the determination of nutritional requirements, obesity and chronic disease risk. Experimental and clinical intervention studies suggest that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids have opposing physiological and metabolic properties and elicit divergent effects on body fat gain through mechanisms of adipogenesis, browning of adipose tissue, lipid homeostasis, systemic inflammation and an increase in the tone of the endocannabinoid system. Overweight and obese individuals have higher levels of the arachidonic acid (AA) derived endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and an altered pattern of receptor expression. Since endocannabinoids are products of dietary fats, modification of the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake modulates the endocannabinoids, with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) displacing AA from cell membranes, reducing AEA and 2-AG production, resulting in decrease in appetite and food intake leading to weight loss. Polygenic risk scores reveal susceptibility and an increase risk for obesity. Therefore, persons at risk for obesity will have to lower omega-6 and increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake in order to have a balanced ratio for health. A process needs to be established to define when genomic discoveries such as gene-nutrient-disease associations are “ready” to be evaluated as potential tools for personalized nutrition to improve public health.
Arbeitsleistung an Bord in Abhängigkeit vom Führungsstil
Authors: Westerhoff Nicola
Published: February 2020

Auf See sind Seeleute stets mit psychophysisch belastenden Herausforderungen und Arbeitsbedingungen konfrontiert. Auswirkungen auf Quantität und Qualität des Schlafes sind daher keine Seltenheit 1, 2. Demzufolge sind Fatigue und deren Konsequenzen ein ernsthaftes und weitverbreitetes Problem an Bord. Unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren auf Schlafqualität und Arbeitsleistung wurden in zahlreichen Studien untersucht. Ein neuer Ansatz und Komponente zu diesem Thema ist der Einfluss des Führungsstils auf die Arbeitsleistung von Seeleuten.
Internationaler Gesundheitsschutz im Fokus
Authors: Mertens Svenja , Dirksen-Fischer Martin , Mouchtouri Barbara , von Münster Thomas , Harth Volker , Heidrich Jan
Published: February 2020

Das europäische Projekt Healthy GateWays Joint Action, gefördert von der Europäischen Union (EU), hat zum Ziel, die internationalen Gesundheitsvorschriften an Grenzübergangsstellen verstärkt umzusetzen. Nach den europäischen Vorläuferprojekten EU SHIPSAN ACT Joint Action und AIRSAN stehen in der aktuellen Joint Action das Management übertragbarer Erkrankungen an allen Schnittstellen des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs im Fokus und wie im Sinne der sogenannten „Preparedness and Response“ auf diese präventiv und im Falle eines Krankheitsausbruchs reagiert werden kann. Zusätzlich zu Flughäfen und Häfen werden auch Landübergänge miteinbezogen, da hier die internationalen Gesundheitsvorschriften nur zu einem geringen Anteil umgesetzt sind.
Idiopathic achalasia primarily diagnosed as bulimia nervosa: the importance of the nutrologyst
Authors: de Alonso Maria Del Rosario Zariategui , Silva Cristiane Felisbino
Published: February 2020

Idiopathic achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by esophageal aperistalsis and abnormal lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in response to deglutition. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder, which amongst other symptoms presents with self-induced vomiting after repetitive episodes of binge eating in order to prevent weight gain. The present study reports the case of a female patient initially diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, after ruling out an etiology of organic cause through lab tests and endoscopy. The patient was referred to a nutrologyst for treating the eating disorder, and after nutritional evaluation, she received nutritional supplementation due to severe dysphagia, regurgitation and weight loss. As diagnostic criteria of bulimia nervosa were not met, a further investigation was conducted, which eventually confirmed idiopathic achalasia through two specific tests: digital esophagogastroduodenal seriography, and esophageal manometry. Chagas disease, the major cause of idiopathic achalasia in Brazil, was ruled out by specific lab test. In view of the severity of the disease, the patient underwent urgent cardiomyotomy and fundoplication. Later, balloon dilators were also used in two occasions. After sixteen months of medical and nutrology follow-up, the patient now is in good nutritional status and was able to go back to her daily activities and healthy lifestyle.
Effects of different vegetation types on burnt soil properties and microbial communities
Authors: Panico Speranza C. , Ceccherini Maria T. , Memoli Valeria , Maisto Giulia , Pietramellara Giacomo , Barile Rossella , De Marco Anna
Published: February 2020

The intensive wildfires recurring in the Mediterranean area modify soil physico-chemical properties, in turn inducing changes in soil microbial abundance and activity. Soils were sampled from burnt and adjacent unburnt sites within Vesuvius National Park 1 year after a large wildfire occurred in summer 2017. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of fires on soil characteristics and to investigate whether different plant types contribute to mitigating or enhancing these effects. The results showed lower organic matter and water content and a higher C/N ratio in burnt than in unburnt soils. In particular, this trend was the same for all the plant types investigated, with the exception of soils covered by black locust tree and holm oak, which showed a higher C/N ratio in unburnt than in burnt soils. In soils covered by holm oaks, a shift in the bacterial and fungal fractions occurred between burnt and unburnt soils, whereas the amount of ammonia oxidisers was notably higher in burnt than in unburnt soils covered by black locusts; the highest N concentration was also measured in burnt soils covered by black locusts. The burnt soils showed a lower metabolic quotient and a higher rate of organic carbon mineralisation compared with unburnt soils, and this trend was particularly evident in soils under herbaceous plants. The findings suggest that soils covered by herbaceous species are more sensitive to fire effects and less able to restore their functionality compared with soils covered by trees.
Quantifying imperfect camera-trap detection probabilities: implications for density modelling
Authors: McIntyre T. , Majelantle T. L. , Slip D. J. , Harcourt R. G.
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ContextData obtained from camera traps are increasingly used to inform various population-level models. Although acknowledged, imperfect detection probabilities within camera-trap detection zones are rarely taken into account when modelling animal densities.

AimsWe aimed to identify parameters influencing camera-trap detection probabilities, and quantify their relative impacts, as well as explore the downstream implications of imperfect detection probabilities on population-density modelling.

MethodsWe modelled the relationships between the detection probabilities of a standard camera-trap model (n=35) on a remotely operated animal-shaped soft toy and a series of parameters likely to influence it. These included the distance of animals from camera traps, animal speed, camera-trap deployment height, ambient temperature (as a proxy for background surface temperatures) and animal surface temperature. We then used this detection-probability model to quantify the likely influence of imperfect detection rates on subsequent population-level models, being, in this case, estimates from random encounter density models on a known density simulation.

Key resultsDetection probabilities mostly varied predictably in relation to measured parameters, and decreased with an increasing distance from the camera traps and speeds of movement, as well as heights of camera-trap deployments. Increased differences between ambient temperature and animal surface temperature were associated with increased detection probabilities. Importantly, our results showed substantial inter-camera (of the same model) variability in detection probabilities. Resulting model outputs suggested consistent and systematic underestimation of true population densities when not taking imperfect detection probabilities into account.

ConclusionsImperfect, and individually variable, detection probabilities inside the detection zones of camera traps can compromise resulting population-density estimates.

ImplicationsWe propose a simple calibration approach for individual camera traps before field deployment and encourage researchers to actively estimate individual camera-trap detection performance for inclusion in subsequent modelling approaches.
Patterns of path encoding in German
Authors: Meex Birgitta
Published: February 2020

This chapter proposes a classification of path
encoding in motion events in German. It expands the framework that I
developed for analyzing motion events in a narrow sense (Meex 2004) to motion events
from a broader perspective including deictic, causative, and fictive
motion. The chapter aims to deepen our understanding of how the
conceptual components at the core of German motion event
descriptions, viz. motion, direction, source-path-goal, manner, and
cause, correlate and interact with the conceptual categories of
deixis, aspect, and case. The analysis reveals seven path coding
types, viz. source, intended goal, path of incomplete traversal,
path of complete traversal, boundary traversing path, achieved goal,
and trajective, depending on the aspectual framing (i.e.
summativity, plexity, boundedness, mutativity) of the motion event.
Systematic patterns of co-occurrence of these aspectual elements in
the motion scene are described and their combination with specific
lexical (e.g. deictic expressions) and morphosyntactic (e.g.
inflectional case marking on the noun) categories are examined to
support the analysis. It will also be shown that apart from a few
exceptions, self-motion, caused motion, and fictive motion are
compatible with all seven path coding types discussed, showing that
German uses event-type neutral path expressions.
Metamorphosis of the Mythical Hero in Disney’s
Hercules
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Antonio María
Published: February 2020

This essay analyzes the metamorphosis undergone by the ultimate
Greek hero, Hercules, in the Disney film of that name (1997). Such a
transformation is a keen example of the reworking of mythical hero figures
in present-day popular mass culture. The essay focuses on the creative
process behind the Disney film, its structure, the adaptation of classical
sources, and on borrowings from earlier mythological films, from
blockbusters such as Superman and Star
Wars, and from Disney’s earlier movies. Also analyzed are the
ways in which Hercules may be seen as a parody of the
conventions of Greek tragedy, the influence of this film on later cultural
products (novels and movies), and the ways in which the intended audience
may have influenced plot differences with the canonical versions of the life
of Hercules.
Oedipus in Manhattan
Authors: Pérez Gómez Leonor
Published: February 2020

Ductility is a characteristic of myth: provided that its fixed
core isn’t altered, every kind of transformation is possible within it.
Thus, the well-known oedipian myth in Sophocles’ version can be traced with
changes in Woody Allen’s Oedipus rex. Perhaps because it
belongs to the film New York Stories this version has been
unregarded by critics. The wicked Greek hero becomes another wicked one: the
Jew.
Editorial
Authors: Trotzke Andreas , Rankin Tom
Published: February 2020

Linguistics comes in many flavors.Applied, cognitive, descriptive, educational, formal, functional, generative, and many more can be compounded onto linguistics to characterize specific frameworks and approaches. In this brief editorial, we outline the rationale for the notion and the corresponding journal ofPedagogical Linguistics, defining how we see the term in comparison to closely related, and more familiar notions.
Final or medial
Authors: Izutsu Mitsuko Narita , Izutsu Katsunobu
Published: February 2020

Some Japanese final particles find their origins
in the same historical sources as interjectional (or medial)
particles, with the former occurring in sentence-final position
while the latter in sentence-medial position. The two types of
particles, though identical in form, are less likely to be used in
the same sentence. This study demonstrates that they developed along
different pathways and acquired respectively unique
discourse-pragmatic functions, mediated by the traits of the
positions they occupy in sentences. Our research highlights three
discourse-pragmatic functions: information status,
addressee-directedness, and speaker gender. We argue that the final
and interjectional particles of the same form do not co-occur in a
single sentence when they show contrastive features in one of these
functions.
Information structure, null case particle and sentence final
discourse particle
Authors: Endo Yoshio
Published: February 2020

This paper discusses the nature of sentence final
particles (SFPs) in Japanese from the perspective of the Theory of
Mind (ToM). After presenting some properties of SFPs in Japanese by
making reference to familiar languages like German, I will discuss a
syntactic mechanism of creating non-standard questions with SFPs by
making use of Abraham’s
(2012) idea of moving MPs in German into ForceP to fix
illocutionary force. I will next show that SFPs trigger the deletion
of Case particles in Japanese to create a new discourse-related
semantic effect of eliminating focus. Some implications of my
approach are also touched upon, where a new functional head is
suggested to explain some interesting behaviors of how come
questions involving the semantic interpretation of surprise and
curiosity.
Aggression and narrative in Edward Albee’sThe Zoo Story
Authors: Lamprou Maria
Published: February 2020

The study draws on scholars (Leech and Short 1981;Wales 1994;Fowler 1996;Ball 1997;Semino 2002; Leech andMcIntyre 2006) who focused on the ‘point of view’ in dramatic texts as a concept which permits an authoritative voice to enter the narrative and arise in discourse. It intends to examine how im/politeness contributes to renegotiating some special themes in fiction like, for instance, how the human-animal relationship is to be portrayed in two Greek translations (1995, 2015) of Edward Albee’s playThe Zoo Story(1958). The claim is that translators’ ideological positioning regulates pragmatic aspects of meaning-making like the use of aggression and intimacy in reshaping the identity of characters and entities in the translated versions. Τhe study traces how the two translators attributed aggression to humans/animals in the universe ofThe Zoo Storyby taking into account lay people’s evaluation of the two translations. Results show that TTa (by Kaiti Chistodoulou 1995) uses im/politeness strategies which indicate lower esteem for animals and higher esteem for humans. By contrast, TTb (by Errikos Belies) shapes a different identity of the human-animal relationship: it indicates higher esteem for animals, doing justice to the zoo imagery. The findings suggest that the narratives that permeate discourse crucially affect the use of im/politeness of the fictional interactants and that im/politeness is a powerful tool in the hands of translators. Im/politeness research may also benefit from translational data in that they can provide multiple contexts in which im/politeness can be studied in interaction cross-culturally.
Im/politeness, gender and power distance inLady Windermere’s Fan
Authors: Mavrigiannaki Chrysi
Published: February 2020

Im/politeness has attracted considerable attention over the past decades (starting withLakoff 1973;Brown and Levinson 1978;Leech 1983) and has kept expanding rapidly with the discursive turn (Eelen 2001;Mills 2003;Watts 2003;Bousfield 2008;Locher 2008). There is a growing interest in examining im/politeness from a number of perspectives, e.g. society, gender, cross-cultural etc., and multiple definitions have been proposed, however, impoliteness as such has not had a distinct theoretical framework yet.

This study investigates impoliteness through drama translation data. It focuses on manipulation of im/politeness in target versions of a playtext, in terms of gender, and examines how humour may be facilitated through such shifts. The aim is to confirm that impoliteness does interact with gender (Mills 2003), and that humour creation draws on reversed gender stereotypes. It also shows that power (ensuing from reversed gender stereotypes) interacts with impoliteness strategies, to manifest humour in the target versions. The study usesBousfield’s (2008)model to account for im/politeness shifts, between the two versions.

Oscar Wilde’sLady Windermere’s Fan(1892) is a comedy and a satire targeting the aristocratic society of the time. The two Greek translations of the play (2006 by Karhadakis and 2010 by Belies) are a most suitable context for examining how impoliteness interacts with power distance and gender to create humour, because of its humorous aspects and cross-gender talk. The paper also intends to show impoliteness scholarship that translation has a rich potential for deciphering or confirming pragmatic aspects of the phenomenon, which are elsewhere pursued through monolingual research.
Constructing leadership through translating im/politeness
Authors: Skrempou Natalia
Published: February 2020

The use of im/politeness in political discourse has attracted relatively little attention in im/politeness
scholarship (Tracy 2017). The study examines how the character of a leader may be
intra-/cross-culturally reshaped, in translated drama, through the use of im/politeness strategies. To this end, the study
examines the use of im/politeness strategies in two Greek versions (Belies 1997; Karthaios 2004) of William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar. Etic and
emic approaches to the data show differences in the way the character of Brutus is portrayed, by the translators’ manipulating
im/politeness strategies in his discourse. The study uses the ‘horizontal’ dimension of intimacy/distance and the ‘vertical’
dimension of power (Spencer-Oatey 1996) to show that the first translation (Karthaios 2004) shows Brutus to be making use of a less impressive persuasive strategy
when addressing the public, the second translation (Belies 1997) seems to show Brutus’
potential to express intimacy towards the public, which made the persuasive force of his discourse more convincing. The study
shows that im/politeness is a significant tool in the hands of translators who shape the identity of the leader and that
translated versions of a playtext can fruitfully show preferred patterns of behaviour which may be pointing to cultural patterns
of interaction.
Phases, microstructures and properties of multi-component FeCoNi-based alloys
Authors: Liu Ning , Ding Wen , Wang Xiao Jing , Zhang Jing , Zhou Peng Jie , Mu Chen
Published: February 2020

Disordered and ordered solid solution phases are identified in FeCoNi-based multi-component alloys. An ultimate strength of 2380 MPa was achieved in the dual face-centered cubic + body-centered cubic structural (FeCoNi)60Al15Cr25 alloy, accompanied by a fracture strain of 38% and a hardness of 376.3 HV. After holding at 900°C for 100 h, oxidation resistance of the alloys follows by an increasing rank of (FeCoNi)85Al15 < (FeCoNi)75Cr25 < (FeCoNi)60Al15Cr25. Moreover, the oxidation kinetic curves of the alloys follow a power-law dependence. (FeCoNi)60Al15Cr25 alloy shows a good trade-off of mechanical properties and an excellent oxidation resistance at evaluated temperature, and can be a potential candidate for high temperature materials.
Neural network approximated Bayesian inference of edge electron density profiles at JET
Authors: Pavone A , Svensson J , Kwak S , Brix M , Wolf R C
Published: February 2020

A neural network (NN) has been trained on the inference of the edge electron density profiles from measurements of the JET lithium beam emission spectroscopy (Li-BES) diagnostic. The novelty of the approach resides in the fact that the network has been trained to be a fast surrogate model of an existing Bayesian model of the diagnostic implemented within the Minerva framework. Previous work showed the very first application of this method to an x-ray imaging diagnostic at the W7-X experiment, and it was argued that the method was general enough that it may be applied to different physics systems. Here, we try to show that the claim made there is valid. What makes the approach general and versatile is the common definition of different models within the same framework. The network is tested on data measured during several different pulses and the predictions compared to the results obtained with the full model Bayesian inference. The NN analysis only requires tens of microseconds on a GPU compared to the tens of minutes long full inference. Finally, in relation to what was presented in the previous work, we demonstrate an improvement in the method of calculation of the network uncertainties, achieved by using a state-of-the-art deep learning technique based on a variational inference interpretation of the network training. The advantage of this calculation resides in the fact that it relies on fewer assumptions, and no extra computation time is required besides the conventional network evaluation time. This allows estimating the uncertainties also in real time applications.
An energy-flexible mechanism for qPCR thermal cycling using shape memory alloys
Authors: Snodgrass Ryan , McCloskey Duncan , Benecke Paul , Erickson David
Published: February 2020

We present a mechanism for thermal cycling that does not require electricity; instead, the device functions as a heat engine and requires only a generic heat source and a shape memory alloy (SMA) spring. The SMA spring mechanically translates to a low-temperature reservoir when heated, and the subsequent cooling of the spring causes translation back to a high-temperature reservoir. The usefulness of the mechanism is displayed by performing the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), an important biological assay that requires thermal cycling for amplification of nucleic acids. The ability to perform qPCR with a generic heat source enables a variety of significant health diagnostic tests to be performed in resource limited settings, where electricity access may not be available or reliable. We demonstrate robust thermal cycling using a direct flame, sunlight, and electricity as heat sources, with maximum heating and cooling rates of 4.4 °C s−1 and −2.7 °C s−1, respectively.
Role of vegetated coastal ecosystems as nitrogen and phosphorous filters and sinks in the coasts of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saderne V , Cusack M , Serrano O , Almahasheer H , Krishnakumar P K , Rabaoui L , Qurban M A , Duarte C M
Published: February 2020

Vegetated coastal ecosystems along the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts of Saudi Arabia thrive in an extremely arid and oligotrophic environment, with high seawater temperatures and salinity. Mangrove, seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems have been shown to act as efficient sinks of sediment organic carbon, earning these vegetated ecosystems the moniker ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems. However, their role as nitrogen and phosphorus (N and P) sinks remains poorly understood. In this study, we examine the capacity of blue carbon ecosystems to trap and store nitrogen and phosphorous in their sediments in the central Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. We estimated the N and P stocks (in 0.2 m thick-sediments) and accumulation rates (for the last century based on 210Pb and for the last millennia based on 14C) in mangrove, seagrass and saltmarsh sediments from eight locations along the coast of Saudi Arabia (81 cores in total). The N and P stocks contained in the top 20 cm sediments ranged from 61 g N m−2 in Red Sea seagrass to 265 g N m−2 in the Gulf saltmarshes and from 70 g P m−2 in Red Sea seagrass meadows and mangroves to 58 g P m−2 in the Gulf saltmarshes. The short-term N and P accumulation rates ranged from 0.09 mg N cm−2 yr−1 in Red Sea seagrass to 0.38 mg N cm−2 yr−1 in Gulf mangrove, and from 0.027 mg P cm−2 yr−1 in the Gulf seagrass to 0.092 mg P cm−2 yr−1 in Red Sea mangroves. Short-term N and P accumulation rates were up to 10-fold higher than long-term accumulation rates, highlighting increasing sequestration of N and P over the past century, likely due to anthropogenic activities such as coastal development and wastewater inputs.
Unmasking secondary vegetation dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Nunes Sâmia , Oliveira Luis , Siqueira João , Morton Douglas C , Souza Carlos M
Published: February 2020

Secondary vegetation (SV) from land abandonment is a common transition phase between agricultural uses following tropical deforestation. The impact of SV on carbon sequestration and habitat fragmentation across tropical forest frontiers therefore depends on SV dynamics and demographics. Here, we used time series of annual MapBiomas land cover data to generate the first estimates of SV extent, age, and net carbon uptake in the Brazilian Amazon between 1985 and 2017. SV increased over time, totaling 12 Mha in 2017, 44% of which was ≤5 years old. Between 1988 and 2017, 19.6 Mha of SV was cleared, adding 45.5% to the area of primary deforestation detected by the Brazilian monitoring system (PRODES). Rates of SV loss have exceeded PRODES deforestation since 2011. Based on the age and extent of gains and losses, SV was a small net carbon sink during this period (8.9 Tg C yr−1). As SV is not formally protected by national environmental legislation or monitored by PRODES, long-term benefits from SV in the Brazilian Amazon remain uncertain.
Universal eigenvector correlations in quaternionic Ginibre ensembles
Authors: Akemann Gernot , Förster Yanik-Pascal , Kieburg Mario
Published: February 2020

Non-Hermitian random matrices enjoy non-trivial correlations in the statistics of their eigenvectors. We study the overlap among left and right eigenvectors in Ginibre ensembles with quaternion valued Gaussian matrix elements. This concept was introduced by Chalker and Mehlig in the complex Ginibre ensemble. Using a Schur decomposition, for harmonic potentials we can express the overlap in terms of complex eigenvalues only, coming in conjugate pairs in this symmetry class. Its expectation value leads to a Pfaffian determinant, for which we explicitly compute the matrix elements for the induced Ginibre ensemble with

zero eigenvalues, for finite matrix size N. In the macroscopic large-N limit in the bulk of the spectrum we recover the limiting expressions of the complex Ginibre ensemble for the diagonal and off-diagonal overlap, which are thus universal.
Effect of grain refinement on biodegradation and biomineralization of low calcium containing Mg–Ca alloy
Authors: Shishir R , Rahim Shebeer A , Hanas T
Published: February 2020

The biodegradability and mechanical properties of magnesium make it suitable for temporary implant applications. However, its degradation rate in the physiological environment needs to be controlled. The effect of grain refinement on the degradation rate in the physiological environment is investigated in this work. Samples with different grain size were developed by heat treatment and friction stir processing (FSP) techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization test in NaCl solution and immersion test in supersaturated simulated body fluid (SSBF) were conducted to evaluate the degradation resistance of the samples. The effect of grain refinement on biomineralization was also studied by analysing the surface morphology and composition of the immersion tested samples using SEM and EDAX. It is noted that the grain refinement improves the degradation resistance as well as biomineralization. The enhancement in the biomineralization resulted in the development of a calcium phosphate layer on the surface during the immersion test, which in turn reduced the degradation rate further. Hence grain refinement can be used as an effective metallurgical modification technique to tailor the degradation rate of Mg–Ca alloys in the physiological environment.