bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi pada Wali Murid di Kota Magelang Provinsi Jawa Tengah: Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penolakan Imunisasi Measles Rubella
Authors: Asdika Zulfa Fatmawati Dwi , Martini Martini , Sutiningsih Dwi , Saraswati Lintang Dian
Published: March 2022

Measles rubella (MR) is a highly contagious disease, rubella causes miscarriage or baby-ies born with congenital defects in the first trimester of pregnancy. The Ministry of Health recommends 95% of the population against rubella measles through the Measles Rubella Immunization Program. However, there is still MR immunization coverage below 95%, in the Magelang City. Public Health Center has coverage of MR was 83.56% and Magelang Selatan was 89.14%. The purpose of the study was to analyse the factors associated with rejection of MR immunization. Study design using cross sectional. 120 samples of parents from elementary, junior high school, and SLB were selected in Magelang Utara sub-district with simple random sampling. The variables that had a statistical- relationship with the status of immunization refusal of Measles Rubella (p < 0.05) were type of work, history of measles,level of knowledge, attitudes of student’s parent attitudes (p = 0,0001), perceived vulnerability (p = 0,0001), perceived severity (p = 0,0001), perceived benefits and barriers, environment support, family support, and school support. So that parents with poor knowledge have a 18.355 times greater chance of rejecting Measles rubella Immunization.
Abstrak
Measles rubella (MR) merupakan penyakit yang sangat menular, rubela mengakibatkan keguguran atau bayi lahir dengan cacat bawaan pada kehamilan trimester I. Kementerian Kesehatan menganjurkan kekebalan populasi terhadap penyakit campak rubela sebesar 95% melalui Program Imunisasi Measles Rubella. Cakupan MR di Kota Magelang Provinsi Jawa Tengah masih < 95%.  Puskesmas Magelang Utara mempunyai cakupan MR sebesar 83,56%, dan  Magelang Selatan sebesar 89,14%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penolakan imunisasi MR. Desain studi menggunakan potong lintang. Terpilih 120 sampel wali murid dari SD, SMP, dan SLB di Kecamatan Magelang Utara dengan simple random sampling. Variabel yang memiliki hubungan secara statistik dengan status penolakan imunisasi Measles Rubella adalah jenis pekerjaan, riwayat campak, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap wali murid (p=0,0001), persepsi kerentanan (p=0,0001), persepsi keparahan (p=0,0001), persepsi manfaat dan hambatan, dukungan lingkungan, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan sekolah. Wali murid dengan pengetahuan kurang baik memiliki peluang 18,355 kali lebih besar untuk menolak Imunisasi MR.
Gambaran Kualitas Pengelolaan Rantai Dingin Vaksin Meningitis di Wilayah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Setiawan Andri , Saraswati Lintang Dian , Adi Mateus Sakundarno , Udijono Ari
Published: March 2022

Meningitis vaccine is a special vaccine given to protect prospective umrah or hajj pilgrims against meningitis. Storage of the meningitis vaccine that is not standard can result in spoilage of the vaccine, thereby reducing or eliminating its immune potential. So far there is no data describing the management of the meningitis vaccine cold chain in the province of Special Region Yogyakarta. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of cold chain management officers, the availability of cold chain equipment, the behavior of receiving  vaccines, the behavior of storing  vaccines, and the behavior of managing vaccine waste This study was descriptive observational of 20 cold chain management officers at the Port Health Office Clinic (KKP), clinics and hospitals administering meningitis vaccination in Special Region Yogyakarta province. The data were collected using a data collection technique in the form of questionnaires and observations in December 2019-June 2020. The results showed that there were no meningitis vaccination providers in Yogyakarta who had managed the vaccines cold chain management in accordance with immunization guidelines. It is concluded that there are no officers who have implemented cold chain management in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health. It is suggested that officers need to improve compliance in implementing cold chain management in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health.
Abstrak

Vaksin meningitis merupakan vaksin khusus yang diberikan untuk melindungi calon jamaah umrah atau haji terhadap penyakit meningitis. Penyimpanan vaksin meningitis yang tidak sesuai standar dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan vaksin sehingga menurunkan atau menghilangkan potensi kekebalannya. Sejauh ini belum ada data yang menggambarkan pengelolaan rantai dingin vaksin meningitis di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menggambarkan karakteristik petugas pengelola rantai dingin, ketersediaan peralatan rantai dingin, perilaku menerima vaksin, perilaku menyimpan vaksin, dan perilaku mengelola limbah vaksin. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional terhadap 20 petugas pengelola rantai dingin di klinik Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP) serta klinik dan rumah sakit penyelenggara vaksinasi meningitis di Provinsi Derah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa angket dan observasi pada bulan Desember 2019–Juni 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum ada penyelenggara vaksinasi meningitis di Yogyakarta yang melakukan pengelolaan rantai dingin vaksin sesuai dengan pedoman penyelenggaraan imunisasi. Disimpulkan bahwa belum ada petugas yang menerapkan pengelolaan rantai dingin sesuai dengan standar pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan. Disarankan agar petugas perlu meningkatkan kepatuhan dalam menerapkan pengelolaan rantai dingin sesuai dengan pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan.
Faktor Risiko Obesitas, Jenis Kelamin, dan Merokok pada Pasien Artritis Reumatoid terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi
Authors: Citraminata Shiany Henly , Warlisti Ika Vemilia , Setiawan Andreas Arie , Candra Aryu
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular disease is one of the comorbid in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which significantly affects the morbidity and mortality of patients with RA. Hypertension is a manifestation of progressive cardiovascular symptoms, which caused by endothelial dysfunction due to continuous inflammation in RA patients. The risk factors of hypertension in RA are obesity, gender, smoking, and consumption of an antihypertensive and antirheumatic drug (NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and leflunomide). This research utilized a cross-sectional study to analyze the risk factors of obesity, gender, and smoking on hypertension in RA patients at RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. The weigh, height, and blood pressure  of 24 RA patients (consist of 12 men and 12 women) who had been diagnosed with RA for at least one year were measured using the weight and height scales of GEA SMIC ZT-120 (with an accuracy of 0.1kg and 0.1cm) and mercury sphygmomanometer Riester Nova Ecoline (with an accuracy of 2 mmHg) respectively. The result showed that male RA patients (p = 0.041) were risk factors for hypertension. RA patients with smoking and obesity had a risk factor of 1.4 times (p = 0.043, OR = 1.395) and 1.9 times (p = 0.012, OR = 1.882) on the incidence of hypertension respectively
Abstrak
Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan salah satu komorbiditas Artritis Reumatoid (AR) yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien AR. Hipertensi merupakan manifestasi dari kumpulan gejala kardiovaskular yang progresif. Hipertensi pada pasien AR disebabkan karena adanya disfungsi endotel akibat proses inflamasi yang berlangsung terus menerus. Beberapa faktor risiko  hipertensi pada pasien AR yaitu, obesitas, jenis kelamin, kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi obat anti hipertensi, dan obat AR (obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid (OAINS), glukokortikoid, dan leflunomide). Penelitian ini merupakan studi belah lintang, bertujuan menganalisis faktor risiko obesitas, jenis kelamin, dan merokok pada pasien AR terhadap kejadian hipertensi di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Dua puluh empat (24) pasien AR (terdiri dari 12 pria dan 12 wanita) yang sudah terdiagnosis AR selama minimal 1 tahun dilakukan pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan (menggunakan timbangan berat badan dan tinggi badan merk GEA SMIC ZT-120 dengan ketelitian 0,1 kg dan 0,1 cm, dan tekanan darah (menggunakan tensimeter air raksa merk Riester Nova Ecoline dengan ketelitian 2 mmHg). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pasien AR pria (p  = 0,041) merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Pasien AR yang merokok dan obesitas secara berurutan berisiko 1,4 kali (p = 0,043, OR = 1,395) dan 1,9 kali (p = 0,012, OR = 1,882) terhadap kejadian hipertensi.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL QUANTUM READING YANG BERORIENTASI SELF REGULATED LEARNING (SRL) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN
Authors: Retnaningtyas Nina , Damaianti Vismaia , Syihabuddin Syihabuddin
Published: March 2022

Reading is a skill that must be possessed by students. Ideally, every student has adequate reading skills according to their level of education. This is because in daily activities at school, all learning activities cannot be separated from reading skills. However, in reality, many students do not have adequate reading skills, both reading comprehension and creative reading. The learning model cannot be separated from the success of a lesson. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the condition of the reading comprehension learning model in SMP Negeri 1 Purbalingga; (2) to know how the profile of the Quantum Reading model is; (3) to determine the effectiveness of the Quantum Reading Oriented Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) learning model in learning reading comprehension. The research method used is the development method with the stages of preliminary studies, literature studies, and field surveys; limited model development phase and expanded trial; the model validation stage is in the form of an experiment. The research results obtained are (1) the conditions for using learning models in reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 1 Purbalingga before the research was carried out using quantum reading, only using the direct method and assignments; (2) Quantum Reading learning is considered effective in improving students' reading comprehension skills at SMP Negeri 1 Purbalingga (3) with Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) orientation, students understand reading better, as a basis for carrying out the teaching and learning process in any subject.
Acute myocardial infarction followed by radiofrequency therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in a man: a case report
Authors: Xu Zhihong , he suyu , Xiong Xin , Zhang Xiumei , Feng Caiju , Tang Shilin , Liu Yijun , Wu lili
Published: March 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common comorbidity of
gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Since the distal esophagus and
heart share a common afferent vagal supply, the delivery of
radiofrequency in the distal esophagus can stimulate the coronary artery
and induce acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a patient with CAD.
Impact of pleistocene glaciations and environmental gradients on Embothrium coccineum genetic structure
Authors: Sepúlveda-Espinoza Francisco , Bertin-Benavides Ariana , Hasbun Rodrigo , Toro-Nunez Oscar , Varas-Myrik Antonio , Alarcón Diego , Guillemin Marie
Published: March 2022

The South American temperate forests have been subjected to drastic past
topographic and climatic changes during the Pliocene – Pleistocene
linked to Andean orogeny and glacial cycles. These changes are common
drivers of genetic structure and adaptation process. Embothrium
coccineum, a member of the Proteaceae family and an emblematic tree of
the South American temperate forest with a distribution spanning 20° of
latitude, has been strongly affected by these topographic and climatic
changes. Previous studies have shown that the species presents a marked
genetic structure with distinct ecotypes described; yet, little is known
about their adaptive genetic responses. The main goal of this study was
to investigate the effects of historical and contemporary landscape
features affecting the genetic diversity and connectivity of E.
coccineum throughout its natural distribution. Using more than 2000
SNPs, two genetic groups (North and Center-South) that have diverged
some 2.8 million years ago were observed. The level of genetic structure
was higher between populations within the North genetic group than
within the Center-South group. We propose that these contrasting
patterns of genetic structure are related to differences in pollinator’s
assemblage and evolutionary histories between genetic groups. Moreover,
we observed the existence a strong patter of isolation by environment in
E. coccineum, suggesting that selection could have leaded to
adaptive divergence among localities. We propose that, within the
Chilean temperate forest, the patterns of genetic variation in E.
coccineum reflect both a Quaternary phylogenetic imprint and the impact
of selection to the strong environmental gradient.
Impact of magnesium on oxytocin receptor function
Authors: Bharadwaj Vimala , Meyerowitz Justin , Zou Bende , Klukinov Michael , Yan Ni , Sharma Kaustubh , Clark JD , Xie Xinmin , Yeomans David
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose: The intranasal administration of oxytocin (OT)
reduces migraine headaches through activation of the oxytocin receptor
(OTR). Magnesium ion (Mg2+) concentration is critical to activation of
OTR, and low serum Mg2+ concentration is predictive of migraine
headache. We, therefore, examined the functional impact of Mg2+
concentration on OT-OTR binding efficacy using three complimentary
bioassays. Experimental Approach: Bioluminescence resonance energy
transfer assay was used to investigate the impact of Mg2+ on G-protein
activation secondary to OT-OTR binding. Current clamp recordings of rat
trigeminal ganglia neurons (TG) measured the impact of Mg2+ on
OT-induced reduction in excitability. Finally, we assessed the impact of
Mg2+ on intranasal OT-induced craniofacial analgesia in rats. Key
Results: Mg2+ is an essential cofactor for full OT-OTR agonism and
concentration-dependently increased Gq and G11 activation in
OTR-transfected HEK cells, although OT-OTR binding did not reach maximal
efficacy at physiologic concentrations. OT alone dose-dependently
hyperpolarized TG neurons, decreasing their excitability; the addition
of 1.75mM Mg2+ significantly enhanced this effect. Finally, while
intranasal application of OT produced dose-dependent craniofacial
analgesia; Mg2+ significantly enhanced these effects. Conclusion and
Implications: Mg2+ concentration is critical to OT-OTR signaling, and OT
efficacy may be limited by low ambient Mg2+ levels. The addition of Mg2+
to OT formulations may improve its efficacy in reducing headache pain as
well as for other oxytocin-dependent processes.
Stress Hyperglycemia Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Subsequent Development of Diabetes Among Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Patients
Authors: Wang Xiansong , Cheng Frankie T.F. , Lam Thomas Y.T. , Liu Yingzhi , Huang Dan , Liu Xiaodong , Chen Huarong , Zhang Lin , Ali Yusuf , Wang Maggie H.T. , Yu Jun , Gin Tony , Chan Matthew T.V. , Wu William K.K. , Wong Sunny H.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Stress hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of diabetes among survivors of critical illness. We investigated whether patients without diabetes hospitalized for bacteremia or nonbacteremic diseases with transient stress hyperglycemia would have a higher risk of subsequent diabetes development compared with those who remained normoglycemic.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This retrospective observational study was conducted on 224,534 in-patients with blood culture records. Stress hyperglycemia was defined based on the highest random glucose level ≥7.8 mmol/L during the index admission period. Diagnosis of diabetes, as the primary end point of interest, was defined based on diagnostic codes, blood test results, or medication records. Differences in cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes between groups were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox regression.

RESULTS

After exclusion of patients with preexisting or undiagnosed diabetes or indeterminate diabetes status and propensity score matching, bacteremic patients with stress hyperglycemia had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of diabetes (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.4) compared with those who remained normoglycemic. Stress hyperglycemia was further confirmed to be a diabetes predictor independent of age, sex, comorbidity, and other serological markers. For the nonbacteremic patients, stress hyperglycemia was similarly associated with a higher cumulative incidence of diabetes (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7).

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalized patients with transient stress hyperglycemia had a higher risk of subsequent diabetes development compared with their normoglycemic counterparts. Recognition of an increased risk of diabetes in these patients can allow early detection and monitoring in their subsequent follow-ups.
Process development and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples generated by laser material deposition with coaxial wire feed
Authors: Kelbassa Jana , Biber Alexander , Steiner Max Fabian
Published: March 2022

The use of wire in laser material deposition (LMD) eliminates major disadvantages of powder-based LMD processes, namely, contamination of the process cell with metal powder, significant material losses during the process, health and safety issues, as well as the impact of insufficient powder quality. A processing head with coaxial wire feed is used with a closed annularly shaped laser beam surrounding the wire, which is one of the distinguishing features. The laser beam and wire are arranged coaxially to each other, with the wire being fed through the inside of an annularly shaped laser beam without any shadowing. In contrast to lateral wire feeding, two substantial technological advantages can be identified: the process is independent of the feed direction and can manufacture complex 3D geometries. In this paper, a novel approach to deposit Ti-6Al-4V with wire-based LMD to increase the deposition rate to 500 g/h and develop process strategies to build up 3D volumes is described. In addition, stability criteria for the LMD process are determined and used for process development. The paper also presents characterization of the deposited layers and the procedure for generating tensile test samples from Ti-6Al-4V. Finally, the results of the built-up, heat-treated, mechanically processed, and tested samples are discussed, and the results are compared with those from the literature on powder-based LMD. Finally, an outlook toward future research and possible applications is given.
Effect of cultivation conditions on hemolysin production from clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens
Authors: Abdulwahhab Aqeel M. , Khalaf Khawlah J.
Published: March 2022

Sixty-four isolates were collected from clinical sources in Baghdad and Mosul city. The identification of S. marcescens confirmed by using API 20E and VITEK-2 systems. Twelve isolates of S. marcescens produced hemolysin, which were detected by two ways, qualitative hemolytic assay and quantitative hemolytic assay. The optical density of hemolysin producing isolates at standard condition (37oC, pH=7, 24h) showed that Serratia marcescens (SmU9) isolate gave the highest absorbance of hemolysin production (0.7) but at (25°C, pH=7,24h) the absorbance of hemolysin production turn into (3.0), compared with the absorbance at 571nm for Control without hemolysin (0.060) and completely hemolysis by Triton x-100 (6.0). However, the optimum optical density of the best hemolysin producing isolate (SmU9) at the optimum cultivation conditions (25°C, pH=9, 24h, 150 rpm, 1% inoculum size in Nutrient broth) was (6.0).
Determination of Elements in Indigenous Vegetables Using ICP-MS
Authors: Sadee Bashdar A.
Published: March 2022

Heavy metal concentrations were determined in indigenous vegetables collected in Erbil city-Kurdistan region of Iraq. ICP-MS was applied to determine total concentrations of Al, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn in Malva parviflora, Gundelia tournefortii, Arum spp, Spinacia oleracea,  Mentha longifolia, Beta vulgaris subsp, Apium graveolens, Lepidium sativum L, Allium Kurrat. Schweinf and Allium fistulosum   after acid digestion of the samples with the aid of  microwave using nitric acid/ hydrogen peroxide. The contents of heavy metals in vegetable samples varied between 40-451 for Al, 0.04-0.96 for Co, 53-247 for Fe, 3.37-11.58 for Mn, 0.26-5.53 for Ni, 0.09-0.98 for Se and 1.58-4.41 for Zn on the basis of dry weight. The methodology was validated by certified reference material (CRM) GBW10015-spinach and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis.  The levels of Al, Mn and Ni in some investigated vegetables are higher than the permissible limits for human consumption.
Indigenous Knowledge about Time-Keeping: Astronomical Aspects of The Batak Calendar
Authors: Angerler Johann Angerler
Published: March 2022

The Batak calendar year is often referred to in literature as a lunar year. However, the Batak calendar system reveals that it is set up to compensate for the difference between the lunar year and the solar year. This is of great practical importance insofar as a solar year is primarily useful for planning agricultural work. Nevertheless, they were able to maintain peace and stability within their territorial organizations, called bius, and they were able to organize the co-operation necessary to pursue irrigated rice cultivation. This study is a field research report on an investigation into the subject of the indigenous knowledge of time-keeping, as it was of practical importance to the communal organization of agricultural activities in traditional Toba Batak society. The Batak's time calculation expert calculates, to put it simply, twelve months of thirty days each and calls the remainder of the solar year lobi-lobi ni bulan (the remainder of the month) or lamadu, which makes the lunar and solar years congruent again. As far as is known, the years themselves were not counted in Batak culture, or, if so, only to a limited extent, but the days of the year were counted. Usually there was always at least one specialist in time calculation within a bius organization, because the reliable determination of time was essential to the ritual as well as to the agricultural course of the year.
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: A NATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF KNOWING
Authors: Saefullah Kurniawan
Published: March 2022

This article is a review of the work by Semali, Ladislaus M., Kincheloe, Joe L. (Eds). What is Indigenous Knowledge: Voices from the Academy. Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. (first published by Falmer Press, New York, 1999), ISBN: 0-203-90680-2 (Master e-book ISBN), 0-203-90758-2 (Adobe eReader Format), 0-8153-3452-4 (Print Edition), 381 pages (incl. Bibliography and Appendices), Price $ 140.90 (Amazon.com).
Water mites of the genus Lebertia Neuman, 1880 from the eastern Himalayas (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Lebertiidae)
Authors: Gerecke Reinhard , Smit Harry
Published: March 2022

The only species of the water mite genus Lebertia so far recorded from the Himalayan mountains, L. orientalis Walter, 1928, known from a single deutonymph, is designated as a nomen dubium. Five species new to science are described: L. (L.) himalayaensis n. sp., L. (L.) khatrii n. sp., L. (L.) disparilis n. sp., L. (Mixolebertia) veeli n. sp. and L. (Septlebertia) altomontana n. sp. For two species recorded from China we have the following remarks: specimens recorded by Wang et al. (2016) under the name of L. (L.) fimbriata cannot be attributed to this species; L. exceedia Wang, Wang, Jin and Guo, 2020 should be transferred from the subgenus Eolebertia to the subgenus Septlebertia.
Feather mites (Acariformes: Astigmata) of the brown noddy, Anous stolidus (L.) (Charadriiformes: Laridae), with description of two new species from Brazil
Authors: Akashi Hernandes Fabio , Brito Guilherme R. R.
Published: March 2022

We inspected feather mites (Acariformes: Astigmata) associated with the brown noddy, Anous stolidus stolidus (Linnaeus), for the first time in the Southern hemisphere. Three feather mites are herein reported, including two new species: Alloptes (Sternalloptes) hidasii sp. nov. (Analgoidea: Alloptidae), Analloptes tintinnabulus sp. nov. (Analgoidea: Xolalgidae), and Grenieria bicaudata Dabert and Atyeo, 1997 (Pterolichoidea: Syringobiidae). The latter species was originally described from a different subspecies of this host in Hawaii.
Part-time language teachers and teaching quality
Authors: Elshafei Maryam
Published: March 2022

English language teachers face precarious working conditions affecting their financial security, well-being, and teaching quality. Teachers who are precariously employed are likely to engage in unpaid work, juggle multiple jobs, and are less likely to have paid sick days and extended health benefits. These stressors may affect the amount of enthusiasm teachers display in class, affecting student motivation and emotional well-being. Teachers being paid by the hour are less likely to invest in preparing for classes and supporting their students in and out of the classroom. Contingent employment also means that teachers are more vulnerable to student complaints affecting how hard teachers push or challenge their students in class and during their assessments. Not surprisingly, teachers’ precarious working conditions negatively affect students’ long-term success. With the compounding effects of precarious employment, teachers need to be empowered to challenge the status quo to improve their working conditions and advocate for their students.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kipas Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor PIR dan Sensor Suhu LM35
Authors: Pohan Nailul Rahmah , Rasyid Rahmat
Published: March 2022

Telah dirancang sistem kipas otomatis menggunakan sensor PIR dan sensor suhu LM35 berbasis Arduino Uno. Sistem perangkat keras ini dirancang dari beberapa unit yang terdiri dari sensor PIR, sensor suhu LM35, program yang ditanamkan ke dalam mikrokontroler Â Arduino UNO dan relay sebagai saklar otomatisnya. Semua unit yang digunakan tersebut digabungkan menjadi sebuah rangkaian dan akan menghasilkan output yang diinginkan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengujian sensor PIR memperlihatkan bahwa sensor PIR dapat mendeteksi ketika ada pergerakan manusia sampai radius 8 meter dengan sudut 20o. yang menjadi kesimpulan tentang hasil otomatisasi terhadap kipas tersebut secara eksplisit Pengujian pada sensor suhu LM35 memperlihatkan bahwa suhu yang diperoleh dari sistem sensor ini dibandingkan dengan suhu yang diperoleh dariÂ  alat sensor temperatur standar Lutron HT-3006HA menghasilkan korelasi linier R2= 0,9923 dalam keadaan suhu normal.Â An automatic fan system has been designed using a PIR sensor and an Arduino Uno based LM35 temperature sensor. This control system consists of a PIR sensor, an LM35 temperature sensor, a program embedded in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and a relay as an automatic swit. All units used are combined into a circuit and will produce an automatic fan will turn on when human movement is detected in the room and the speed of the fan depends on the specified temperature. The test results show that the PIR sensor can detect when there is human movement up to a radius of 8 meters with an angle of 20Âº. Testing on the LM35 temperature sensor under normal conditions shows that the sensor system compared to the Lutron-3006HA standard temperature sensor's temperature has a linear correlation R2 = 0.9923.
Karakteristik Sifat Fisis Tanah Daerah Potensi Longsor di Jalan Raya Sumbar Riau Nagari Koto Alam, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Kristie Harry Jamatul , Budiman Arif
Published: March 2022

Pengukuran sifat fisis tanah pada lereng yang sudah terjadi longsor dan lereng yang diduga belum terjadi longsor di Nagari Koto Alam telah dilakukan menggunakan metode ASTM. Sampel tanah diambil pada bagian atas, tengah, dan bawah lereng dengan kedalaman 30 cm dan 75 cm dari permukaan lereng. Hasil pengukuran sifat fisis tanah menunjukkan bahwa jenis tanah dari keempat lereng didominasi oleh lempung dan tanah liat berpasir, dengan rentang nilai koefisien keseragaman dari 2,22 sampai 7,69, nilai koefisien gradasi dengan rentangÂ  0,54 sampai 1,44,Â  nilai berat spesifik dari rentang 2,58 sampai 2,70, dan kadar air jenuh tanah dariÂ  rentangÂ  34,95 sampai 43,75. Lereng berjenis tanah lempung serta mempunyai nilai koefisien keseragaman lebih kecil dari enam dan koefisien gradasi kecil dari satu, ditambah nilai kadar air jenuhÂ  besar dari 40%Â  miliki potensi yang besar terjadinya longsor. Satu dari empat lereng uji memiliki potensi terjadinya longsor pada kedalaman 75 cm dan tiga lereng lainnya memiliki potensi kedalaman 75 cm dari permukaan lereng.Â Measurement Â of the physical properties of soil on slpes where landslide have occurred and slopes that are not speculated to have occurred Â in Nagari Koto Alam have been carried out using the ASTM method. Soil sampels were taken from Â the top, middle, and bottom slopes with a depth of 30 cm and 75 cm from the slope surface. The result of the measurement of physical properties of the soil show that the soil types of the four slopes are dominated by clay and sandy clay, with a range of uniformity coefficient values from 2.22 to 7.69, gradiation coefficient values ranging from Â 0.54 to 1.44, specific gravity values ranging from 2.58 to 2.70, and saturated soil moisture content in the range 34.95 % to 43.75%.Â Slopes are clay type and have a uniformity coefficient value of less than six, and Â gradient coefficient less than Â one, plus a saturated water content value greater than 40% has a great potential for landslides. One of the four test slopes has the potential for landslides to occur at a depth of 75 cm and the other three slopes have a potential depth of 75 cm from the slope surface.Â
Perbandingan Anomali Frekuensi Kritis Lapisan F2 (Fof2) Ionosfer Pada Gempa Bumi Laut Dan Gempa Bumi Darat Pulau Sumatera
Authors: Hafizhah Luthfia , Pujiastuti Dwi
Published: March 2022

Pada saat akan terjadinya gempa bumi, maka akan diikuti dengan peningkatan injeksi gas radon di daerah zona persiapan gempa. Gas radon ini akan menyebabkan perubahan terhadap lapisan ionosfer. Telah dilakukan analisis perbedaan anomali frekuensi kritis lapisan F2 ionosfer (foF2) sebelum kejadian gempa laut dan gempa darat menggunakan ionogram ionosonda FMCW (Frequency Modulation Continous Wave) untuk melihat perbedaan karakteristiknya. Terdapat 5 kejadian gempa darat dan 5 kejadian gempa laut yang dianalisis. Â Rentang hari pengambilan ionogram adalah 21 hari sebelum kejadian gempa bumi (analisis prekursor gempa bumi) dan 7 hari setelah kejadian gempa bumi (respon lapisan ionosfer setelah gempa bumi). Terdapat 13.440 buah ionogram yang di-scaling manual. Perbandingan intensitas anomali foF2 pada gempa laut dan gempa darat terlihat acak dan tidak memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda.Â  Anomali foF2 sudah terlihat 21 hari sebelum gempa darat. Pada gempa laut kemunculan anomali foF2 juga sudah terlihat 21 hari sebelum gempa bumi tetapi hanya untuk gempa dengan magnitudo besar saja yaitu gempa 12 September 2007 (7,7 SR dan 7,9 SR) dan 11 April 2012 (8,4 SR).Â  Kemunculan anomali foF2 terakhir beberapa jam sebelum gempa bumi darat berakhir lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan gempa laut.Â  Respon lapisan ionosfer terhadap aktivitas seismik dari gempa darat lebih cepat dari pada gempa laut. Anomali foF2 dipengaruhi oleh sumber gempa bumi, kedalaman dan magnitudo.Â Comparing the characteristic critical frequency anomaly of the ionosphere F2 layer (foF2) concerning land earthquake and sea earthquake during 2005 â€“ 2016 in Sumatera region has been carried out. Ionogram data from the Frequency Modulation Continous Wave (FMCW) ionosonde instrument were analyzed for each of the five earthquakes. The foF2 anomaly in sea earthquake and land earthquake looks random. The foF2 anomaly was seen 21 before the earthquake. For the land earthquake, the foF2 anomaly has also been seen 21 days before the earthquake but only with large magnitudes (> 7.7 SR). The last foF2 anomaly was observed several hours before the land earthquake, ending the anomaly sooner than sea earthquake. Thus, the ionosphere layer response to seismic activity from the land arthquake was faster than sea earthquakes. The foF2 anomaly is influenced by earthquake source, depth, and magnitude.Â
Rancang Bangun Sistem Termometer Inframerah dan Hand Sanitizer Otomatis untuk Memutus Rantai Penyebaran Covid-19
Authors: Nasution Wirna Sari , Rasyid Rahmat
Published: March 2022

Telah dihasilkan alat berupa termometer inframerah dan hand sanitizer otomatis yang diharapkan bisa membantu pemerintah dalam menangani penyebaran Covid-19. Termometer inframerah bekerja berdasarkan prinsip penginderaan radiasi inframerah yang dipancarkan oleh sensor MLX90614 sedangkan hand sanitizer bekerja berdasarkan prinsip kerja dari sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 dan motor servo. Termometer inframerah secara otomatis mampu membaca suhu tubuh manusia dan akurat digunakan pada jarak 2 cm hingga 10 cm. Suhu yang terukur akan ditampilkan pada LCD secara real-time, jika suhu tubuh yang terukur oleh sistem ini di atas suhu 38oC maka buzzer akan berbunyi sebagai tanda peringatan orang tersebut dalam keadaan terindikasi Covid-19. Hand sanitizer otomatis mampu mengeluarkan cairan antiseptik saat sensor mendeteksi adanya telapak tangan pada jarak 5 cm hingga 15 cm. Ketepatan pendeteksian suhu pada termometer inframerah adalah 98,40% dan error sebesar 1,60% sedangkan hand sanitizer mampu bekerja dengan ketepatan pendeteksian sebesar 86,67%.An automatic infrared thermometer and an antiseptic hand sanitizer have been designed, which is expected to help the government deal with the spread of Covid-19. The infrared thermometer works on the principle of sensing the infrared radiation of the MLX90614 sensor, and the antiseptic hand sanitizer works on the principle of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. An infrared thermometer can automatically read human body temperature, and it is accurately used at 2 cm to 10 cm. The measured temperature will be displayed on the LCD in real-time, if this system's body temperature is above 38oC, the buzzer will sound as a warning sign that the person is indicated of Covid-19. Automatic antiseptic hand sanitizer can remove antiseptic liquid when the sensor detects palm at a distance of 5 cm to 15 cm. The accuracy of temperature measurement on the infrared thermometer is 98.40% and an error of 1.60%, while the antiseptic hand sanitizer can work with a detection accuracy of 86.67%.
Rancang Bangun Sensor Serat Optik dengan Cladding Zinc Oxide untuk Mendeteksi Kelembaban Udara
Authors: Hidayati Miskhatul , Harmadi Harmadi
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan rancang bangun sensor serat optik dengan cladding zinc oxide untuk mendeteksi kelembaban udara. Sistem sensor serat optik dilakukan dengan metode pengupasan cladding yang diganti dengan Zinc Oxide (ZnO) dengan variasi pengupasan 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, dan 5 cm. Sistem sensor terdiri dari dioda laserÂ  sebagai sumber cahaya, serat optik cladding ZnO sebagai pengindra kelembaban, dan sensor OPT101 sebagai fotodetektor, mikrokontroler sebagai pengolah sinyal serta nilai kelembaban udara ditampilkan melalui PC (personal computer). Kelembaban diukur berdasarkan perubahan tegangan keluaran, semakin tinggi kelembaban udara maka semakin tinggi tegangan keluaran sensor. Hasil karakterisasi sensor menunjukkan serat optik dengan panjang pengupasan 2 cm adalah yang paling optimum dalam mengindra kelembaban. Nilai sensitifitas sensor yang dirancang adalah 0,0313 V/%RH dengan koefisien determinasi R2 = 0,9684. Sensor serat optik dengan cladding ZnO mampu mendeteksi kelembaban udara dalam rentang 88% RH s/d 99% RH dengan persentase rata-rata error pada alat ukur yang dirancang adalah 0,75% dibandingkan dengan alat ukur higrometer.Â A fiber optic sensor design with zinc oxide cladding has been designed to detect air humidity. The fiber optic sensor system was carried out by using the cladding stripping method which was replaced with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) with a stripping variation of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm. The sensor system consists of a laser diode as a light source, a fiber optic cladding ZnO as a moisture sensor, and an OPT101 sensor as a photodetector, a microcontroller as a signal processor and air humidity values and displayed via a PC (personal computer). Humidity is measured based on changes in the output voltage, the higher the humidity of the air, the higher the sensor output voltage. The results of sensor characterization showed that the optical fiber with a stripping length of 2 cm was the most optimum for sensing moisture. The designed sensor sensitivity value is 0.0313 V/%RH with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9684. The fiber optic sensor with ZnO cladding is able to detect air humidity in the range of 88% to 99% with an average error percentage of the designed measuring instrument is 0.75% compared to a hygrometer measuring instrument
Pengaruh Perbedaan Biochar terhadap Kemampuan Menjaga Retensi pada Tanah
Authors: Agviolita Putri , Yushardi Yushardi , Anggraeni Firdha Kusuma Ayu
Published: March 2022

Kemampuan retensi tanah dapat ditingkatkan dengan membenahi stuktur tanah melalui penambahan biochar pada tanah. Hubungan pemberian biochar dengan meningkatnya retensi tanah dapat dilihat dari peningkatan penyerapan air dan pH. Ukuran pori-pori pada biochar dapat menambah ukuran pori-pori tanah yang dapat memaksimalkan penyerapan air, sehingga semakin besar pori-pori biochar maka semakin tinggi tingkat retensi tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan ukuran permukaan pori-pori dan pH pada bahan baku biochar terhadap kemampuan menjaga retensi tanah sehingga dapat membantu mengembalikan kemampuan retensi tanah agar tanah tetap subur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen untuk mengukur penyerapan air dengan memberi air melalui alat infus ke pot berlubang yang sudah berisi campuran biochar dan tanah, lalu mengukur pH dengan menggunkana pH for soil. Untuk mengetahui bahan baku biochar yang tepat dengan permasalahan pada tanah, maka penelitian ini menggunakan 3 biochar dengan bahan baku yang berbeda yaitu tongkol jagung, batang pepaya , tempurung kelapa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah campuran tanah dengan biochar tempurung kelapa yang paling banyak menyerap air, dan campuran tanah dengan biochar tongkol jagung yang memiliki pH tertinggi.
Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Konsentrasi Logam Berat Timbal Berbasis Sensor Serat Optik Evanescent dengan Cladding Kitosan
Authors: Rahayu Aida , Harmadi Harmadi
Published: March 2022

Telah dirancang alat ukur konsentrasi ion logam berat timbal berbasis sensor serat optik evanescent. Cladding serat optik dikupas dan diganti dengan kitosan. Variasi panjang pengupasan cladding serat optik adalah 1 cm, 2 cm, dan 3 cm. Sistem sensor terdiri dari laser dioda sebagai sumber cahaya, serat optik, fotodioda sebagai detektor cahaya, mikrokontroler sebagai pengolah sinyal dan LCD sebagai penampil hasil pengukuran. Konsentrasi diukur berdasarkan tegangan keluaran fotodioda. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin tinggi tegangan keluaran fotodioda. Hasil karakterisasi serat optik menunjukkan serat optik dengan panjang pengupasan 1 cm, dan jari-jari bending 3,5 cm adalah yang paling optimal untuk pengukuran konsentrasi ion logam berat timbal dengan koefisien korelasi 0,9906. Persentase rata-rata kesalahan alat ukur yang dirancang adalah 43,334%.Â It has been designed for optical fiber sensor-based lead ion heavy metal measuring devices. Optical fiber cladding is peeled and replaced with chitosan. Variations in stripping length of optical fiber cladding are 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm. The sensor system consists of a laser diode as a light source, fiber optic, photodiode as a light detector, a microcontroller as a signal processor and an LCD as a measurement result viewer. The concentration released is based on the photodiode output voltage. The higher the concentration, the higher the photodiode output voltage. The result of optical fiber characterization that shows optical fibers with stripping length of 1 cm and bending radius of 3.5 cm are the most optimal for measuring the concentration of lead heavy metals with a coefficient of 0.9906. The average percentage of errors of the measuring instruments designed is 43.334%.
Analisis Pengaruh Komposisi Serat Pinang dan Serat Eceng Gondok terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Hibrid Polipropilena dengan Pati Talas
Authors: Yoniza Yuliana , Mahyudin Alimin
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh komposisi serat pinang dan eceng gondok terhadap sifat mekanik komposit hibrid polipropilena dengan pati talas. Komposisi serat pinang dan eceng gondok divariasikan dengan perbandingan persen volume yaitu 1,25%: 3,75%, 2,5%: 2,5%, 3,75%: 1,25% dengan panjang serat 3 mm. Sifat mekanik yang diujikan meliputi kuat tarik, regangan, modulus elastisitas, kuat impak dan uji biodegradabel. Sifat fisika yang diuji yaitu morfologi permukaan dengan menggunakan SEM. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai kuat tarik tertinggipada perbandingan 1,25%: 3,75% yaitu 14,33 MPa. Nilai kuat impak tertinggi ditemukan pada sampel dengan perbandingan 2,5%: 2,5% yaitu 0,041 J/mm2. Nilai regangan tertinggi didapatkan pada perbandingan 3,75%: 1,25% sebesar 1,27%. Pada uji biodegradabel didapatkan hasil sebesar 0,021%/hari. Pada penelitian ini masih terdapat rongga dan juga pati talas dan polipropilenanya tidak tercampur sempurna karena masih ditemukan gumpalan-gumpalan pati talas. Hal ini didapatkan dari hasil analisis morfologi struktur patahan uji tarik menggunakan SEM.Â A Research on the effect of areca nut and water hyacinth composition on the mechanical properties of polypropylene hybrid composites with taro starch has been conducted. The composition of areca nut and water hyacinth fiber is varied with a volume percent ratio of 1.25%: 3.75%, 2.5%: 2.5%, 3.75%: 1.25% with a fiber length of 3 mm. Mechanical properties tested include tensile strength, stretch, modulus of elasticity, impact strength and biodegradable test. Physical properties tested were surface morphology using SEM. Based on the test results obtained the highest value of tensile strength at a ratio of 1.25%: 3.75% ie 14.33 MPa. The highest impact strength value was found in samples with a ratio of 2.5%: 2.5% ie 0.041 J/mm2.Â  The highest strain value obtained at a ratio of 3.75%: 1.25% of 1.27%. In the biodegradable test results obtained by 0.021%/days. In this researchthere were still voids, taro starch and polypropylene in the samples was not completely mixed because there were still lumps of taro starch. This was obtained from the morphological analysis of the tensile test fault structure using SEM. The impact strength value of this research meets the car dashboard standards.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Berbasis Sensor Passive Infrared untuk Mendeteksi Manusia yang Terkubur di Bawah Reruntuhan Pasca Gempabumi
Authors: Suhartinah Rima , Wildian Wildian
Published: March 2022

Telah dirancang suatu alat pendeteksi keberadaan manusia dalam reruntuhan bangunan akibat gempabumi dengan menggunakan sensor Passive Infrared (PIR) HC-SR501. Sistem bekerja berdasarkan prinsip penginderaan radiasi infrared yang dipancarkan objek. Radiasi infrared yang dindera sensor PIR HC-SR501 diubah menjadi sinyal listrik. Sinyal kemudian diolah mikrokontroler yang ada di modul Arduino Uno R3 dengan bahasa pemrograman IDE Arduino. Hasilnya berupa pengaktifan buzzer sebagai alarm dan peringatan berupa tulisan â€œInfrared detected Any Humanâ€ pada LCD (liquid crystal display) ketika ada manusia dideteksi. Alat berupa tongkat akan dimasukkan pada celah-celah bangunan yang runtuh untuk mengetahui posisi korban dalam reruntuhan. Hal ini dapat mengurangi risiko korban meninggal akibat evakuasi korban dengan alat berat. Berdasarkan pengujian terhadap alat yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa alat dapat mendeteksi korban yang bergerak dengan rentang jarak manusia ke sensor adalah 1 m hingga 7 m. Pendeteksi manusia yang tidak bergerak hanya bisa sejauh 30 cm, besar sudut deteksinya 60Â°, lebar celah minimum yang dapat dideteksi adalah 1,5 cm. Sensor juga tidak dapat mendeteksi manusia apabila ada material yang menghalangi sensor, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan dan jenis penghalang. Selain itu, sensor juga dapat mendeteksi objek selain manusia tapi dalam jangkauan jarak yang lebih pendek.Â It has been designed a detection tool of human existence in ruins of building due to earthquake by using sensor PIR (Passive Infrared) HC-SR501. The system works based on the principle of sensing infrared radiation emitted by the object. The infrared radiation of the HC-SR501 PIR sensor is converted into an electrical signal. The signal is processed by the microcontroller in the Arduino Uno R3 module with the Arduino IDE programming language. The result is the activation of the buzzer as an alarm and notifying by writing â€œInfrared Detected Any Humanâ€ on LCD (liquid crystal Display) when human detected by sensor. The form of a stick, it will be inserted in the gaps of the collapsed building to determine the victim's position in the ruins. This is hopefully be able redusing the risk of death victims due to victim evacuation with heavy equipment. Based on the testing of the equipment, it can be concluded that the tool can detect a moving victim with a human distance range to the sensor is 1 m to 7 m.Detecting a man who does not move is only 30 cm, the large of detection angle is 600, the minimum slit width that can be detected is 1.5 cm. It canâ€™t detect human when sensor is cover by thing, it is influenced by thickness and type of barrier. It can also detect other object than human but within a shorter range of distances.Â