bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Aspects of Additive Manufacturing in the Military Logistics
Authors: Rautio Samu , Tuomi Timo , Akmal Jan
Published: March 2022

Background: The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in military logistics is limited by the uncertainty about the legal risks of using the method. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the potential legal risks associated with AM of military materiel and its effects. The study was conducted as a case study, where AM is considered in military logistics. Methods: Legal issues were approached from the normative point of view in the context of potential legal dispute situations in four different cases. The topic was studied by reviewing and analyzing literature sources, official sources, and Finnish Defence Forces military materiel purchasing contracts and interviews. The study interpreted and systematized the general principles of IPR and contract law when using AM in the military. Results: An identified result of the study was that the use of AM to print military materiel under normal conditions may entail risks that should be contractually managed. In other cases, e.g. crises or wartime, there are risks, but they are difficult to predict and manage or are acceptable. The results of the study concern countries with a similar military economic system to Finland in terms of military logistics. The results can be applied to the activities of different security sectors, due to the similarity of their activities. Conclusions: The use of AM can enable the material to be used in safety situations where speed and versatility are required for material readiness. The use of the method requires a legal right, the holder of which has the right to manufacture the product. In different situations, the legal basis is open to interpretation and may pose risks to the decision-maker. The research will provide information to decision-makers for the preparation of contracts for the acquisition and maintenance of military material and implementing AM to military logistics.
Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Ferritic Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloy at High Temperatures
Authors: Basuki Eddy Agus , Adrianto Nickolas , Triastomo Rahmadhani , Korda Akhmad Ardian , Achmad Tria Laksana , Muhammad Fadhli , Prajitno Djoko Hadi
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses the oxidation behaviors of ODS steel alloy of Fe-16Cr-4Al-1Ni-0.4ZrO2 at 700 ℃, 800 ℃, and 900 ℃. X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as X-ray mapping in a scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the oxidation behavior of the samples. The rate of oxidation was measured based on the thickness of the oxide formed on the surface of the samples. Six types of oxides were identified in all ODS Fe-16Cr-4Al-1Ni-0.4ZrO2 alloy samples after the oxidation tests, dominated by Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cr2FeO4, AlFeO3, Al2FeO4, and AlFe2O4. The oxidation kinetics of ODS Fe-16Cr-4Al-1Ni-0.4ZrO2 steel at 700, 800, and 900 ℃ followed logarithmic oxidation rate behavior.
Compensation of INS/LBL Navigation Errors in a Polynomial Sound-Speed-Profile
Authors: Simamora Yohannes Sampang Martua , Tjokronegoro Harijono A. , Leksono Edi , Brodjonegoro Irsan S.
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) navigation scheme that pairs an inertial navigation system (INS) and a long baseline (LBL) acoustic positioning system. The INS is assigned to be the main navigation aid because of its faster rate. Meanwhile, the LBL provides position reference for compensation of the INS’ main inherent drawback, i.e., accumulating errors. However, the LBL has to deal with time-of-flight (ToF) measurements that may not be carried out under line-of-sight (LoS) circumstances. This is because the propagation speed of underwater acoustic waves is subject to the sound-speed-profile (SSP) of the area in question. This paper’s contribution is to consider the SSP in ToFs while addressing the above scheme. Specifically, the discrete approach to raytracing was implemented. For a given ToF, the Snell’s parameter of the wave is estimated and subsequently used to compute the horizontal range. The ToF results are then used to estimate the position of the AUV, while the  position is obtained from a depth sensor. It was shown by simulation that the estimators can provide navigation with accuracy <0.5 m2, as it manages to compensate for errors. Since the estimation of Snell’s parameter is prone to exhibit imaginary numbers, future work should consider a more robust method to tackle this problem.
Silicon on isolator ribbon field-effect nanotransistors for high-sensitivity low-power biosensor
Authors: Masalsky Nikolay
Published: March 2022

Silicon nanowire field-effect transistors are discussed as biological sensors due to their excellent sensitivity due to the large surface-to-volume ratio and high selectivity with respect to a large number of analytes. A miniature sensor based on a long-channel fin field-effect transistor as a surface charge detector is being investigated. The three-gate configuration offers undeniable advantages over planar devices, since the edges are about a hundred nanometers wide and are characterized by increased conductivity, which leads to higher sensitivity. The characteristics of the transistor are optimized using 3D modeling performed by the computer-aided design software package TCAD, depending on the topological parameters of the transistor and the level of control voltages. Based on the obtained simulation results, a chip was manufactured on a SOI substrate based on self-aligning CMOS-compatible technological processes from top to bottom. It is established that thin structures with a reduced level of doping and low supply power have promising electrical characteristics for an effective approach to scaling a high-resolution pH sensor, which is of particular interest to integrated pH bioanalytics based on CMOS technology.
Indigenous Studies Programming in Academia: Reflections on Community-Responsive Philosophy & Practice
Authors: Jobin Shalene Marie , Letendre Avery , Lindquist Kirsten
Published: March 2022

The IGP Program is a uniquely positioned research and teaching unit---. This article describes the philosophy, principles, pedagogy, and practices of the IGP Program, its fourteen-year history, and its most recent contributions in the subject area of Indigenous governance. The IGP governance framework and the IGP research method emerge from community responsive research and custom programming partnerships. These models and related learnings are introduced to provide academics with a set of tools to teach Indigenous governance, establish community-based research partnerships that are enduring and respectful, and provide holistic and transformational public education to a myriad of organizations and change oriented leaders.
Why Race Still Matters by Alana Lentin
Authors: Hrycun Leah
Published: March 2022

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The Food Police: The White Possessive Securitization of Winnipeg Food Spaces
Authors: Daborn Merissa
Published: March 2022

Grocery shopping is one of the most necessary everyday practices when it comes to being food secure. Food security is frequently spatially imagined along two axes – access and health. I highlight the specific conditions of existence for food insecure citizens in Winnipeg to demonstrate the incommensurability of how food insecurity is imagined and intervened upon, or not, through municipal policy. Drawing on Critical Indigenous Studies scholar Aileen Moreton-Robinson’s theorizations of white possession, I establish a framework of white possessive securitization to interrogate the dynamics between policy, policing, and securitization of space that results in Indigenous people being subjected to multiple modes of policing when grocery shopping. With white possessive securitization, I trace how individual settler citizens operate as self-governing subjects to police Indigenous people in the city while carrying out the aims of white patriarchal sovereignty – to secure private property. I provide three vignettes of the intersections of municipal policy and the policing of food by focussing on municipal budgets, securitization of public-private space, and grocery stores. These vignettes delineate how policing in grocery stores interfere with Indigenous food security and are inseparable from inflated municipal policing budgets, austerity measures that reduce community services, increased surveillance, threats of violence, and the undiscriminating implementation of the rule of law by individual settler citizens who through rationalities of governmentality are the police.
Berufsrecht der Rechtsanwälte, Patentanwälte und Steuerberater
Authors: Lewinski Kai von
Published: March 2022

Das Anwaltsrecht ist in Bewegung. Legal Tech und überhaupt moderne Zeiten kommen. Der Gesetzgeber hat 2021 durch die „Große“ BRAO-Reform – die eine ebenso große PAO-Reform beinhaltet –, die Legal Tech-Novelle des RDG sowie das MoPeG das Recht der Anwälte und Steuerberater an die Konkurrenz neuer und „digitaler“ nicht-anwaltlicher Wettbewerber angepasst.

Die Neuauflage führt die didaktisch und berufsrechtssystematisch bewährte gemeinsame und parallele Behandlung von Rechtsanwälten, Patentanwälten und Steuerberatern fort. Das Buch enthält alle „wesentlichen Teile des anwaltlichen Berufsrechts“ i.S.d. § 43f S. 2 BRAO. Hinzu kommt das Internationale Berufsrecht, das in der Praxis immer wichtiger wird.

Prof. Dr. Kai von Lewinski lehrt Öffentliches Recht an der Universität Passau. Vor seiner Rückkehr an die Universität war er Rechtsanwalt und hat dann am Institut für Anwaltsrecht (IfA) an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin gearbeitet, wo dieses Buch entstanden ist.
Jugendhilferecht
Authors: Kunkel Peter-Christian
Published: March 2022

Die aktuelle Auflage
erörtert u.a. die neuesten Gesetzesänderungen durch das Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetz, im Jugendschutzgesetz, das Ganztagsförderungsgesetz und im Reformgesetz zur Vormundschaft, die coronabedingten Auswirkungen auf das Jugendhilferecht, stellt das Datenschutzrecht anhand der DS-GVO dar, widmet sich dem BTHG für die Eingliederungshilfe und den Auswirkungen des SGB XIV auf die Jugendhilfe. Schwerpunkte sind außerdem Schulsozialarbeit, Kinderschutz und Hilfen für jugendliche Ausländer.
Die Neuauflage erleichtert Praktikern wie Studierenden den übersichtlichen Zugriff auf das aktuelle Recht. Es verhilft Beratern – auch ehrenamtlichen – im Bereich Jugendhilfe sowie Mitgliedern der Jugendhilfeausschüsse zu einer klaren Beurteilungsgrundlage der Neuregelungen. Im Nomos Shop finden Sie eine umfangreiche Sammlung weiterer Materialien.
Vorausverfügungen Minderjähriger für die medizinische Behandlung
Authors: Bruns Henrike Sophie
Published: March 2022

This work addresses the question of the extent to which minor patients can make self-determined anticipated treatment decisions. It provides a legal framework for children’s advance directives, differentiating between the decision-making capacity and the decision-making authority of underage patients. It subsequently analyzes the legal prerequisites and consequences of such decisions with respect to parents and physicians. In particular, the study examines in which cases advance directives of minors may be relevant or even binding. It attempts to find practical solutions both in the relationship between the child and his parents/legal guardians and in the context of the doctor-patient-relationship.
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann – Jurist, Komponist und Musikästhetiker
Authors: Schnellenbach Helmut
Published: March 2022

Erst wir vermögen nach den Erfahrungen unserer Tage die unerschrockene Standhaftigkeit voll zu würdigen, die der Kammergerichtsrat E.T.A. Hoffmann in unruhiger Zeit bewies. Er war ein Mann von Charakter und besaß damit eine Tugend, die für den Künstler vielleicht entbehrlich, für den Juristen aber unerlässlich ist. Nur ein Jahrzehnt genügte, um aus Hoffmann einen Berliner zu machen. Nicht wegzudenken aus der Geschichte dieser Stadt und des Kammergerichts. Einen Kammergerichtsrat wie diesen hat es weder vor ihm noch nach ihm gegeben.
Raumplanungsrecht
Authors: Geis Max-Emanuel
Published: March 2022

Das Planungsrecht
wird in aller Regel nur als Annex in den gängigen Lehrbüchern zum Baurecht behandelt und in seinem ganzen Facettenreichtum selten bis gar nicht ausgeleuchtet. Dabei ist insbesondere die Raumplanung nicht nur für JuristInnen, sondern für Studierende der Architektur, der Stadtplanung und der Ingenieurwissenschaften an den Technischen Universitäten und Technischen Hochschulen zentral für das Verständnis des eigenen Fachgebietes.
Das Lehrbuch zum Planungsrecht
zeigt die gesamte Vielfalt dieses Rechtsgebiets nicht lediglich rechtsdogmatisch, sondern praktisch und anwendungsbezogen mit vielen Karten und Schaubildern auf. Kleine Fallbeispiele erleichtern das Verständnis und Wiederholungs- und Vertiefungsfragen helfen beim Rekapitulieren.
Designing a novel mRNA vaccine against Vibrio harveyi infection in fish: an immunoinformatics approach
Authors: Islam Sk Injamamul , Mou Moslema Jahan , Sanjida Saloa , Tariq Muhammad , Nasir Saad , Mahfuj Sarower
Published: March 2022

Vibrio harveyi belongs to the Vibrio genus that causes vibriosis in marine and aquatic fish species through double-stranded DNA virus replication. In humans, around 12 Vibrio species can cause gastroenteritis (gastrointestinal illness). A large amount of virus particles can be found in the cytoplasm of infected cells, which may cause death. Despite these devastating complications, there is still no cure or vaccine for the virus. As a result, we used an immunoinformatics approach to develop a multi-epitope vaccine against most pathogenic hemolysin gene of V. harveyi. The immunodominant T- and B-cell epitopes were identified using the hemolysin protein. We developed a vaccine employing three possible epitopes: cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, helper T-lymphocytes, and linear B-lymphocyte epitopes, after thorough testing. The vaccine was developed to be antigenic, immunogenic, and non-allergenic, as well as having a better solubility. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed significant structural stiffness and binding stability. In addition, the immunological simulation generated by computer revealed that the vaccination might elicit immune reactions in the actual life after injection. Finally, using Escherichia coli K12 as a model, codon optimization yielded ideal GC content and a higher codon adaptation index value, which was then included in the cloning vector pET2+ (a). Altogether, our experiment implies that the proposed peptide vaccine might be a good option for vibriosis prophylaxis.
Bayesian mixed models for longitudinal genetic data: theory, concepts, and simulation studies
Authors: Chung Wonil , Cho Youngkwang
Published: March 2022

Despite the success of recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) investigating longitudinal traits, a large fraction of overall heritability remains unexplained. This suggests that some of the missing heritability may be accounted for by gene-gene and gene-time/environment interactions. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian variable selection method for longitudinal genetic data based on mixed models. The method jointly models the main effects and interactions of all candidate genetic variants and non-genetic factors and has higher statistical power than previous approaches. To account for the within-subject dependence structure, we propose a grid-based approach that models only one fixed-dimensional covariance matrix, which is thus applicable to data where subjects have different numbers of time points. We provide the theoretical basis of our Bayesian method and then illustrate its performance using data from the 1000 Genome Project with various simulation settings. Several simulation studies show that our multivariate method increases the statistical power compared to the corresponding univariate method and can detect gene-time/environment interactions well. We further evaluate our method with different numbers of individuals, variants, and causal variants, as well as different trait-heritability, and conclude that our method performs reasonably well with various simulation settings.
A cotidianidade nos poemas de Adélia Prado e Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen
Authors: Oliveira Rita do Perpétuo Socorro Barbosa de , Lira Marta Botelho
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo, propomo-nos a discutir a presença do cotidiano nas obras A duração do dia, de Adélia Prado, autora mineira, e O búzio de Cós e outros poemas, de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, poeta portuguesa, tendo sido escolhidos para discussão os poemas “A imagem semelhante” e “A activista cultural”. Os elementos da cotidianidade nos poemas serão respaldados pelas ideias de Agnes Heller, em O cotidiano e a História, para quem o cotidiano é heterogêneo, hierárquico e impregna de valores cada momento da vida, e para quem a cotidianidade reside nas formas particulares de o homem viver, pensar e agir no mundo.  Também os   comentários dos referidos poemas serão fundamentados pelo pensamento de Henri Lefebvre, em A vida cotidiana no mundo moderno, em que o  autor aborda as dicotomias da vida cotidiana que podem manter seu equilíbrio ou desequilíbrio, discute seu caráter cíclico e ressalta que a cotidianidade corresponde à possibilidade de transformação do modo de vida em decorrência de outras demandas ou reinvindicações dos indivíduos. O seguinte artigo corresponde a parte do resultado do projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Imagens do sagrado na poesia de Adélia Prado e de Sophia Andresen – estudo comparado”, no qual demonstramos a presença do sagrado em diversas ações da vida do dia-a-dia. O mencionado projeto está cadastrado no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa – GEPELIP, na linha de pesquisa Poesia em Língua Portuguesa, pela Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM; financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas – FAPEAM.
Quando numa pequena livraria de bairro iluminada por uma luz amarela... - Ou, deambulagens na impossibilidade de um artigo de metodologia de pesquisa
Authors: Silveira Júnior Mesac Roberto
Published: March 2022

Acho que esse texto é um daqueles casos que não comporta um resumo; que não sai com ele a passear às três da tarde num domingo de sol, nem sussurra-lhe ao ouvido palavras ao cair da noite. Não, esse texto não se presta a um resumo; diria mesmo, que não suporta um resumo; que por sua própria incompletude e voo, devaneio e cor, desconhece o que poderia ser-lhe um resumo. Peço, portanto, sinceras desculpas por não poder apresentá-lo.
Aqui estamos. Onde as coisas se tocam: uma prática artística junto a quem busca enraizar (em deslocamento)
Authors: Zanatta Cláudia
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo aborda a construção de mapas em dois contextos específicos do RS. Um deles se trata da Vila Renascença I, em Porto Alegre e o outro de indígenas mbya-guaranis residentes no Rio Grande do Sul. É narrada nos dois contextos a realização de oficinas de construção de mapas mediante uma prática artística participativa, a qual nos permite refletir sobre lugar, gentrificação e território.
Idade digital: cultura assistida digitalmente
Authors: Semeler Alberto Marinho Ribas
Published: March 2022

Este ensaio busca refletir sobre os efeitos da idade digital ou digitalidade na cultura e no sistema da arte. Para tanto, buscaremos primeiramente parodiar o que é conhecido como sistemas CAD (Computer Aided Design). Em seus primórdios, os efeitos do computador afetaram definitivamente os campos da engenharia, da arquitetura, da estatística e do design, que a partir deste período são alterados em seus modos de concepção e produção. Atualmente, a cultura assistida digitalmente é o fenômeno onde todos os processos socioculturais e artísticos, de uma maneira ou outra, encontram-se afetados pelas tecnologias digitais. Modo de acesso, escolha materiais, cálculos estruturais para grandes mostras de arte contemporânea, divulgação via rede entre outros. Neste sentido, os sistemas cibernéticos e digitais permeiam de forma ubíqua nosso cotidiano eliminando qualquer possibilidade de existência apartada dos mesmos. Nesta reflexão é questionada a possibilidade de uma “idade digital” marco que altera derradeiramente os rumos da cultura e da arte, tanto nas reflexões, quantos nas práticas. Assim, conceitos como o de sistema são propostos não somente como sistemas simbólicos, mas como uma propriedade oriunda da teoria cibernética que interfere com processos de retroalimentação no próprio campo da arte e da cultura. Modelos de comportamento do espectador, emergência de estilos e modos de produção na arte contemporânea que seguem as demandas dos mercados de arte. Mostras pensadas para espaços específicos, atendendo demandas de públicos e patrocinadores. Os sistemas cibernéticos digitais passam a fazer parte do modo como a arte existe como um sistema que vem, cada vez mais, se adequando a cultura cibernético-digital.
El anhelo del hielo
Authors: López Cortez Solimán
Published: March 2022

El texto propuesto por el artista multimedia y fundador del Harddiskmuseum, Solimán López, es un extracto de su reciente ensayo artístico “el ojo sincrónico”. Dicho ensayo (será publicado en abril 2020)  plantea un recorrido ideológico y personal sobre diferentes tecnologías implantadas en el siglo XXI y cómo estás están afectando de manera notable a las estructuras del arte contemporáneo, el pensamiento crítico, la sociología, la psicología e incluso la biología. En esta publicación para la revista Contemporânea, la mirada se centra en el concepto de “virrealidad” propuesto por el artista para definir una nueva percepción del mundo que ya no está solamente construida por los parámetros ofrecidos por las experiencias sensoriales “tradicionales” como son la visión, la percepción, el gusto, el tacto u otras, sino que a estas, se suman los datos ofrecidos por las nuevas tecnologías y el nuevo imaginario mental producido por estas.
Mon oncle e Marulho: Debates sobre consumismo e processos de globalização em construções da identidade
Authors: Silva do Amaral Tainan
Published: March 2022

Este texto discute acerca das obras Mon oncle e Marulho produzidas, respectivamente, pelo cineasta francês Jaques Tatischeff e pelo artista brasileiro Cildo Meireles. A discussão apresentada aqui e nas obras escolhidas, trata da construção da identidade atravessada pelos processos de globalização, pelo avanço da tecnologia e pelo consumo. Tem como objetivo refletir sobre as obras de ambos artistas explorando os possíveis debates, por eles articulados, acerca da construção da identidade na sociedade contemporânea, que ocorre na relação local-global provocada pela globalização. Parte da análise de cada obra individualmente, tecendo relações com o tema abordado. Embasam teoricamente essa escrita as obras de Zygmunt Bauman, Gilles Deleuze e Moacir dos Anjos.
Depression induced quantity estimation bias manifests only under time constraints
Authors: White Madeline R. , Cohen Dale J.
Published: March 2022

Here, we assess whether quantity representations are influenced by the perceptual biases hypothesized to manifest in depressive individuals. In contrast to this clinical model, several prominent models of numerical cognition assume that quantity representations are abstract, and therefore are independent of the items that are being quantified. If this is the case, then the depression induced perceptual biases should not manifest with respect to the perception of quantity. We tested these predictions in two experiments in which we presented participants with a number-line with a tick mark that indicated the time until a positive, neutral, or negative event. The participant’s task was to estimate the quantity of time indicated by the tick mark. In both experiments, we assessed participants’ BDI-II score. To assess the role of controlled, strategic processing on the manifestation of these biases, we manipulated the amount of time that participants were able to study the number-line prior to responding. In Experiment 1, we attempted to motivate participants to respond quickly voluntarily. The results revealed no influence of time pressure on participants’ RTs, nor any relation between quantity bias and depression. In Experiment 2, we restricted the amount of time participants could spend viewing the number-line. The results revealed estimation biases consistent with the perceptual biases predicted by Beck’s cognitive theory of depression for the short presentation times. These findings (1) confirm that level of depression is linked to the predicted perceptual biases of quantity and (2) implicate controlled processing in the masking of perceptual bias.
Linking quantities and symbols in early numeracy learning
Authors: LeFevre Jo-Anne , Skwarchuk Sheri-Lynn , Sowinski Carla , Cankaya Ozlem
Published: March 2022

What is the foundational knowledge that children rely on to provide meaning as they construct an exact symbolic number system? People and animals can quickly and accurately distinguish small exact quantities (i.e., 1 to 3). One possibility is that children’s ability to map small quantities to spoken number words supports their developing exact number system. To test this hypothesis, it is important to have valid and reliable measures of the efficiency of quantity-number word mapping. In the present study, we explored the reliability and validity of a measure for assessing the efficiency of mapping between small quantities and number words – speeded naming of quantity. Study 1 (N = 128) with 5- and 6-year-old children and Study 2 (N = 182) with 3- and 4-year-old children show that the speeded naming of quantities is a simple and reliable measure that is correlated with individual differences in children’s developing numeracy knowledge. This measure could provide a useful tool for testing comprehensive theories of how children develop their symbolic number representations.
The effects of mental abacus expertise on working memory, mental representations and calculation strategies used for two-digit Hindu-Arabic numbers
Authors: Lo Steson , Andrews Sally
Published: March 2022

In Asia, some children are taught a calculation technique known as the ‘mental abacus’. Previous research indicated that mental abacus experts can perform extraordinary feats of mental arithmetic, but it disagrees as to whether the technique improves working memory. The present study extended and clarified these findings by contrasting performance from several numerical and working memory tasks across three groups of participants: Japanese mental abacus experts, abacus-naïve Australian undergraduates, and abacus-naïve Japanese undergraduates. It also investigated whether the mental representations and strategies used to process two-digit numbers differed across the three groups. First, the results showed that the Japanese mental abacus experts only performed better when the numerical and working memory tasks involved arithmetic problems, suggesting domain-specific transfer rather than domain-general improvements to numerical processing or working memory. Second, the results suggest that the Japanese mental abacus experts were less reliant on decomposed magnitude representations, and used a processing strategy that is less sensitive to the perceptual overlap between numbers. Finally, performance was less discrepant between the Australian and Japanese abacus-naïve undergraduates than either group with the Japanese mental abacus experts, indicating that mental abacus training, rather than socio-cultural differences, was responsible for the observed group differences.
Improving mathematics performance in 7-year-old children: Training the mapping from estimated quantities to Arabic digits
Authors: Ferres-Forga Nuria , Halberda Justin , Batalla-Ferres Ariadna , Bonatti Luca L.
Published: March 2022

Exact arithmetic abilities require symbolic numerals, which constitute a precise representation of quantities, such as the Arabic digits. Numerical thinking, however, also engages an intuitive non-linguistic number sense, the Approximate Number System (ANS). The ANS allows us to discriminate quantities, approximate arithmetic transformations, and estimate quantities, all without counting individual items. Although the ANS does not require language, estimations made by means of the ANS can be expressed with number words or Arabic digits. A connection between the ANS and school math performance has been established. A child’s accuracy in mapping from approximate quantities to Arabic digits is associated with children’s symbolic math abilities and can also predict their success at learning new arithmetic skills. Here, we explore whether directly training the mapping between estimated quantities and Arabic digits transfers to better math proficiency. The control training was based on discriminating quantity representations, without involving digits. Each of these three-week computer-based trainings were added to the school schedule. We measured improvements in approximate and exact arithmetic after training. Both the experimental and the control group improved in approximate arithmetic performance. However, in exact arithmetic, results show that strengthening the digit-quantity relation improved the 7-year-olds’ competence in symbolic additions and subtractions over and above the improvement measured in the control group. Our results speak to the complexity of the factors involved in developing mathematical abilities, making the case that training the mapping from estimated quantities to digits can be particularly effective in improving children’s mathematical performance.
One-way and two-way anova: Inferences about a robust, heteroscedastic measure of effect size
Authors: Wilcox Rand
Published: March 2022

Consider a one-way or two-way ANOVA design. Typically, groups are compared based on some measure of location. The paper suggests alternative methods where measures of location are replaced by a robust measure of effect size that is based in part on a robust measure of dispersion. The measure of effect size used here does not assume that the groups have a common measure of dispersion. That is, it deals with heteroscedasticity. It is fairly evident that no single method reveals everything of interest regarding how groups differ. Certainly, comparing measures of location provides useful information. But as illustrated, comparing measures of effect size can provide a deeper understanding of how groups compare.
Projections of Future Change of Climatology and Extreme Events in the Mediterranean Basin, by the HIRHAM5
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Tuğba
Published: March 2022

In this work, change of temperature and precipitation climatology over Mediterranean Basin including Turkey were investigated using HIRHAM5 driven by global climate models such as EC-EARTH, HadGEM2-ES and NorESM1-M for 2011-2100 compared to 1971-2000. Daily mean temperature and precipitation fields are used to compute extreme indices. According to the results, severity of temperature- and precipitation-based indices will be expected to increase throughout the century with increasing radiative forcing. Minimum of minimum temperatures will increase more pronounced over northern Mediterranean, which is referred to climate change hot spots, whereas increase in maximum of maximum temperatures are moderate over land areas. Decrease in total wet-day precipitation is expected while number dry days is expected to increase. Therefore, Mediterranean Basin and Turkey will have warmer and drier conditions compared to present climate conditions.
ВИЗАНТИЈСКИ ПИСЦИ О ГРАЂАНСКИМ РАТОВИМА
Authors: Радић Радивој Ђ.
Published: March 2022

Упркос обележјима људске еволуције, природа рата је уни- верзална, безвремена и вечна, а човек је једини међу приматима који га упражњава. Ратови се воде непрестано, од заранака цивилизације до на- шег времена, а један од њихових посебних облика је грађански рат. Исто- рија Византијског царства познаје разне облике ове врсте унутрашњих су- чељавања, почев од једноставних узурпација до свеопштих метежа у које су непосредно били укључени разни слојеви ромејског друштва. Свесни колико су грађански ратови опасни за Царство, ромејски људи од пера су стално упозоравали на њихов погубни и разарајући учинак. Византијска цивилизација није познавала институције „божјег мира“ и „божјег при- мирја“ које су постојале у латинском свету западне Европе.
АУСТРИЈА И НАПОЛЕОНОВА „МЕДИТЕРАНСКА ЕКСПЕДИЦИЈА“ 1798–1799.
Authors: Бронза Боро
Published: March 2022

Реакције Аустрије на Наполеонову „Медитеранску експе- дицију“ у основи представљају наставак политике конфликта са снагама револуционарне Француске, започете још избијањем Рата Прве коали- ције, 1792. године, али и завршну фазу процеса свеобухватног преустрој- ства у контексту софистиковане аустријске политике према простору Азије у цјелини, која је трајала још од 1774. године. Основу аустријске перцепције чинила је све разгранатија мрежа дипломатских и конзулар- них представништава на простору Средоземља са интернунцијатуром у Истанбулу као неупитном централом. Вијести о француским плановима, продорима и повлачењима које је у Беч редовно слао интернунције Фи- лип фон Херберт-Реткил, одликовале су се ексклузивним информација- ма, попут првих сазнања о контактима Француза са првом саудијском државом односно сљедбеницима учења Мухамеда ибн Абд ал-Вахаба. Праћење француског напредовања на простору Малте, Египта и Сирије током 1798. и 1799. године служило је Бечком двору и као основ за логи- стичке припреме новог рата са највећим противником, који ће избити управо 1799. године, као дио глобалног Рата Друге коалиције. Због пот- пуне блокаде трговине која је настала француским продором на простору Блиског истока дошло је и до колапса аустријске трговачке политике према простору Азије, што ће се у коначници показати као суштинска промјена, јер Аустрија никад више неће обновити интензитет наступа који је на том простору имала у претходне двије деценије.
THE USE AND ABUSE OF HISTORY: CLIO BEHIND ICTY BARS
Authors: Ković Miloš , Mastilović Draga
Published: March 2022

The task of this article is to examine the academic value and factual reliability of the reports Background, Politics, and Strategy of the Sarajevo Siege, 1991-1995 and Highlights of Deliberations in the Assembly of Republika Srpska Relevant to the Indictment of Ratko MLADIC, 1991- 96, produced by historian Robert J. Donia, for the purposes of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. The argument advanced in our analysis is that they do not satisfy the basic academic and scientific standards, in spite of their academic structure and ambition. For this reason, the claims and results put forward in these reports must be approached with much caution and little confidence.
СТВАРАЊЕ ПОДОБНОГ КАДРА
Authors: Латиновић Горан
Published: March 2022

У Предговору (стр. 5‒7) књиге чији је приређивач, Драгомир Бонџић пише да се идеја за оснивање Новинарске и дипломатске високе школе (НДВШ) у Београду појавила у Агитпропу Централног комитета Комуни- стичке партије Југославије маја 1948. и да је постојање такве високошкол- ске установе, у рангу факултета, требало да ријеши проблем недостатка кадра за новинарство и дипломатију, као и да учврсти њeгово идеоло- шко-политичко опредјељење, које је било кључно у условима изградње нове државе и једнопартијског система. Стога су сви студенти били чла- нови КПЈ или кандидати за чланове. Ипак, уз бројне недостатке у органи- зацији и раду, наставном плану и режиму студија, појавио се и проблем у вези са политичким опредјељењем и понашањем студената, па је већ 1948. у Школи ухапшено неколико присталица Информбироа, да би 1952. било откривено веома неповољно политичко стање, недисциплина и неморал, послије чега је Школа укинута. На њој је дипломирало 205 студената, који су оставили запажен траг у новинарству и дипломатији, али и у другим дјелатностима. Након кратког увида у историјат НДВШ, приређивач је оба- вијестио читаоца да се студија о Школи заснива превасходно на грађи из Архива Југославије, као и из Историјског архива Београда и Дипломатског архива Министарства иностраних послова Србије.
MИЛОРАД ЕКМЕЧИЋ (1928–2015)
Authors: Милошевић Боривоје
Published: March 2022

Један од најугледнијих и најуваженијих савремених српских истори- чара, Милорад Екмечић, преминуо је 29. августа 2015. у Београду. Рођен је 4. октобра 1928. у селу Пребиловци код Чапљине, у којем су усташе 1941. извршиле стравичан злочин над Србима убивши више стоти- на Срба. Животе је током Другог свјетског рата изгубило 69 чланова по- родице Екмечић, међу којима и његови родитељи – отац Илија и мајка Кристина. Основну школу је завршио у Чапљини, а гимназију у Мостару. На Свеучилишту у Загребу дипломирао је 1952. Исте године биран је за асистента на Филозофском факултету у Сарајеву на којем је радио пуне четири деценије (1952–1992). Докторску дисертацију Устанак у Босни 1875–1878. године одбранио је 1958. у Загребу. У два наврата радио је као гостујући професор на америчким универзитетима. Рат је Екмечића зате- као у Сарајеву. Муслиманске снаге су га ухапсиле маја 1992. заједно са по- родицом па је неко вријеме био затворен или смјештен у кућни притвор. Успио је пребјећи на територију Републике Српске, а потом је дошао у Бе- оград гдје је радио као редовни професор Филозофског факултета. Пензи- онисан је октобра 1994.
International cooperation in the field of information security: general characteristics and the Russian approach to the study
Authors: Duben Andrei  Kirillovich
Published: March 2022

Information security acts as the basic concepts of modern international relations. The level of penetration of information technologies and global networks into society is directly related to the level of development of the country. The Russian Federation has undertaken a number of foreign policy initiatives aimed at ensuring international information security and proclaiming the transparent course taken by the country to create conditions for the establishment of a full-fledged international legal regime for the formation of a secure information environment. The article discusses the main trends in the formation of an international regime to ensure information security. It is revealed that international cooperation makes it possible to establish problem-oriented approaches to identifying threats from other states to the internal information infrastructure and critical facilities of the state in order to undermine territorial integrity. The author comes to the conclusion that interstate agreements in the field of international information security make it possible to establish problem-oriented approaches to identifying threats from other states to the internal information infrastructure and critical facilities of the state in order to undermine territorial integrity. At the same time, the development of joint measures for the development of normative legal norms of international law determined the stages of achieving the specified safety indicators, resource provision and legal support. In order to develop legal support for international information security, further interstate cooperation is necessary in order to seek to increase interaction and improve the international legal framework for the implementation of specific joint initiatives in the field of international information security.
Sociocultural problems of polycentric urban development in the context of urbanization
Authors: Khasieva Mariya Alanovna
Published: March 2022

The article examines the cultural and philosophical and socio-philosophical significance of polycentric urban planning strategies in the framework of the historical process of urbanization. Network and polycentric urban planning began to develop in the 19th century, was associated with a new course for the conscious and planned development of cities and assumed an even distribution of public facilities and communications, the unification of urban space with connecting axes, the integration of transport and engineering infrastructure. These trends in urban planning were caused by interrelated technological, economic, social and political factors, such as scientific and technological progress, the industrial revolution, rapid urbanization. The purpose of the article is to determine the social and cultural significance of urban planning strategies implemented in some European capitals of the XIX century in the context of the general process of urbanization. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the correlation of the topic under consideration with the problems of modern urban structures. The article is based on an interdisciplinary, complex and systematic theoretical approach. A theoretical analysis of urban planning strategies and urban space development was carried out in order to identify the most promising and progressive trends in urban planning that anticipated the modern principles of urban space formation. The conclusions of the article include the characterization of the influence of polycentric urban development on the formation of a psychosocial environment and typical characteristics of the spiritual life of citizens. A review of studies on socio-cultural and philosophical problems of urbanism helps to identify the impact of polycentric urban planning, including on modern society, residents of modern cities.
Estimating moisture content and hydraulic properties of unsaturated sandy soils of Tiber River (Central Italy): integrating data from calibrated PR2/6 probe and hydraulic property estimator
Authors: Ortenzi Sofia , Mangoni Martina , Di Matteo Lucio
Published: March 2022

The correct estimation of soil moisture data is essential in soil-water management and estimating the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils. The increased use of Multi-Sensor Capacitance Probes (MCAPs) requires careful calibration. Without accurate calibration, the use of MCAPs leads to incorrect water content estimation, making them of no practical use. This work presents the specific calibration equations for the correct use of the PR2/6 profile probe on sands of different nature. As the iron oxides content of the Tiber River basin sands increases, the calibration lines slope increases, allowing the understanding of the different electromagnetic responses. As for other sands worldwide, sands with high iron oxides content show a relative high specific surface than quartz or calcareous sands, responsible for more adhesive water (e.g., high permittivity values). The water content data are integrated with a hydraulic property estimator allowing the estimation of the hydraulic conductivity of soils. Applying the manufacturer equation of the PR2/6 profile probe instead of the specific equation leads to an overestimation of the hydraulic conductivity values up to two orders of magnitude, making therefore rather incorrect the understanding of the phenomena occurring in the unsaturated zone.
Opportunities and critical issues related to the use of amendments as sustainable remediation techniques
Authors: Dal Santo Mara , Prosperi Giuseppe Alberto
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyse the opportunities and critical issues related to the use of amendments as remediation techniques. The performance of amendments (Aerobic Bioremediation, In Situ Chemical Oxidation and Surfactants) was compared with the performance of other groundwater remediation technologies (Air Sparging, Pump&Treat, Multi-Phase Extraction, Pump&Reinjection, Monitoring Natural Attenuation) based on a dataset of 180 contaminated sites. The considered factors are: effectiveness of the remediation; cost to remediate; operational time; environmental sustainability. The occurrence and types of amendment-related issues analyzed were studied on the 40 sites where the amendments had been applied. Issues occurred in 20% of the 40 analyzed cases and consisted of: a) partial or total occlusion of the monitoring wells and by-product formation, for example heavy metals (5%); b) uncontrolled increase in contaminant concentrations and potential downstream migration (8%); c) byproduct formation without well obstruction (7%). For each critical event, a detailed analysis was conducted to understand the processes (pH-Eh equilibria, contaminant desorption, hydraulic conductivity reduction), to highlight the design and procedural gaps (surplus of amendment, injection method selection, contaminant removal by purge). However, it has been observed that the issues can be avoided or mitigated with an accurate design, pilot tests performance, with the application of delivery and monitoring protocols, and at least with a prompt response adopting a corrective action plan, if necessary. The use of amendments turns out to be an effective solution: in 64% of the analyzed sites, it led to a significative reduction of the contamination within one year from the application. The cost is about one third if compared to the average of the other technologies. The operational time is about half the average operational time of the other technologies. Based on the results of sustainability analysis, amendments technologies reduce the production of waste, energy and water consumption, and they minimize air emissions. Considering the sustainability in its broadest sense (environmental, economic, and temporal), it is possible to state that the remediation by amendments is the most sustainable and would meet the interest of all the stakeholders.
[Data, information, knowledge, plans and emergencies: from Law 464/1984 to the PNRR and back]
Authors: Cerutti Paolo
Published: March 2022

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Making the invisible, visible! Our daily mission!
Authors: La Vigna Francesco
Published: March 2022

This year, World Water Day celebrated Groundwater with the motto “Making the invisible, visible”. Regardless of this particular recurrence, the one expressed by the motto represents the daily mission of every scholar or professional dedicated to groundwater. What is done through hydrogeological maps, through numerical models, through the development and interpretation of data series, tests in boreholes, wells and springs, what else is it, if not a way of visualizing this invisible underground resource? [...]
Rider weed deep residual network-based incremental model for text classification using multidimensional features and MapReduce
Authors: Abdalla Hemn Barzan , Ahmed Awder M. , Zeebaree Subhi R.M. , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Ihnaini Baha
Published: March 2022

Increasing demands for information and the rapid growth of big data have dramatically increased the amount of textual data. In order to obtain useful text information, the classification of texts is considered an imperative task. Accordingly, this article will describe the development of a hybrid optimization algorithm for classifying text. Here, pre-processing was done using the stemming process and stop word removal. Additionally, we performed the extraction of imperative features and the selection of optimal features using the Tanimoto similarity, which estimates the similarity between features and selects the relevant features with higher feature selection accuracy. Following that, a deep residual network trained by the Adam algorithm was utilized for dynamic text classification. Dynamic learning was performed using the proposed Rider invasive weed optimization (RIWO)-based deep residual network along with fuzzy theory. The proposed RIWO algorithm combines invasive weed optimization (IWO) and the Rider optimization algorithm (ROA). These processes are carried out under the MapReduce framework. Our analysis revealed that the proposed RIWO-based deep residual network outperformed other techniques with the highest true positive rate (TPR) of 85%, true negative rate (TNR) of 94%, and accuracy of 88.7%.