bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis on Multiple IGBT Switch Open-Circuit Fault in PWM Inverter Fed Induction Motor
Authors: Pyasi Kripanidhi , Praveen Kumar N
Published: June 2020

This study analyzes the single and multiple IGBT switch open circuit fault in an inverter fed induction motor (IM) using Finite Element Method. The finite element simulation is carried out in ANSYS Maxwell and Simplorer for various fault conditions such as single IGBT switch open in an inverter leg, two IGBT switch open in the inverter same leg and in different leg. A three-phase 7.5kW IM is modelled in ANSYS Maxwell which is fed through a three-phase voltage source inverter modelled in ANSYS Simplorer. Inverter switches are controlled using sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. Several electromagnetic parameters such as torque, speed, line voltage, phase current, flux line & flux density distribution over the machine and radial air gap flux density are analysed.
Static Eccentricity Fault Analysis in Inverter Fed Induction Motor using Finite Element Method
Authors: Priya B Hema , Karthick R , Lokprakash B , Vasanth S , Praveen N Kumar
Published: June 2020

One of the common faults encountered in three phase induction motors (IM) is the eccentricity fault. In this work, a study on the electromagnetic characteristics of open-loop voltage source inverter fed IM is carried out for healthy and static eccentricity fault condition with the assistance of Finite Element Analysis. The importance of electromagnetic field analysis is it contains the data about the position of stator, rotor and mechanical parameters of IM. Thus the strategy of monitoring airgap magnetic fields and current are often used for the diagnosis of faults in IM. Detection of eccentricity fault at the incipient stage is difficult because the changes that the fault would introduce in the motor terminal quantities are negligible unless the severity is very high. A comparative study is carried out for healthy and eccentric fault motor with the help of ANSYS Maxwell Finite Element Analysis tool. Electromagnetic field parameters such as speed, current, flux distribution over the machine and in the air gap are analysed for healthy and faulty motor.
Distributed State Estimation of a Non-linear process system with interconnected subsystems
Authors: Elenchezhiyan M , Kumar E Govinda , Shijoh V
Published: June 2020

In this paper authors propose a distributed state estimation scheme for the hybrid system with interconnected subsystems to estimate the states. The system considered in this work has different subsystems which can interact with each other via their states over a communication network. The objective is to implement the distributed state estimation scheme for interconnected subsystems in which each subsystem sensors are connected to the communication network, the estimator has been used for each subsystem to estimate the current states by utilizing the states of the neighboring subsystems over the communication network. The proposed state estimation framework utilizes unscented Kalman filter algorithm. Unscented Kalman filter has been designed for each subsystem to estimate the current state estimates which corrupted by state and measurement noise. The benchmark system taken to implement distributed state estimation is continuous stirred tank reactor units which are strongly interconnected via their neighboring states. The reactors temperature is maintained at unstable operating point by a decentralized proportional integral controller for each subsystem by utilizing the measurements of the sensors from the network. The estimation framework has been verified in the absence of the network failure to stabilize the plant at unstable operating point. The estimate of the corresponding subsystems is used to compute the controller output in the absence of the network failure with minimal sharing over the network.
Corrosion inhibition performance of celery, pomegranate and green tea extracts on mild steel in dilute sulphuric acid
Authors: Loto Roland T , Loto Cleophas , Oyedeko Fope
Published: June 2020

Extracts of celery, pomegranate and green tea were evaluated for their inhibition performance on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 by weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization and optical microscopy characterization. The plant extracts displayed effective inhibition performance from 60% to 90% volumetric content with highest inhibition performance values of 95.83%, 87.08% and 92.37% at 90% volumetric content in the acid media. Observation shows the inhibition efficiency values of the plant extracts are significantly dependent on volumetric content compared to exposure time. The plant extract demonstrated cathodic inhibition properties Optical images of mild steel without the extracts in the acid media in the absence of the extracts displayed general surface deterioration with large corrosion pits. The image significantly contrasts the observation for the inhibited steel.
Corrosion resistance study of UNS A93105 aluminum alloy in neutral chloride and acid chloride solution
Authors: Loto Roland T , Loto Cleophas
Published: June 2020

The corrosion resistance of UNS A93015 aluminum alloy (A93015) was studied in neutral chloride solution at specific chloride concentration and in 3.5% neutral chloride solution at specific sulphate concentration by potentiodynamic polarization technique, open circuit potential measurement (OCP) and optical microscopy characterization. The presence of sulphate ions in the neutral chloride solution significantly increased the corrosion rate of A93015 compared to the solutions with chloride ions. At 0.5% NaCl concentration, the lowest corrosion rate of 0.255 mm/y was obtained in the neutral chloride solution which corresponds to polarization resistance of 1121 Ω. The corrosion rate value increased to 0.295 mm/y at 3.5% NaCl with significant cathodic shift in corrosion potential. The presence of sulphate ion in the neutral chloride solution significantly increased the corrosion rate of A93015. At 0.00625M sulphate ion concentration the corrosion rate is 4.739 mm/y while at 0.1M concentration, the corrosion rate is 22.176. OCP curves of A93015 at 0.5% and 3.5% NaCl concentration transited anodically to -0.651 V and -0.703 V with relative thermodynamic stability. A93015 OCP plots from 3.5% NaCl solution at 0.00625 M and 0.1 M SO4
2- ion concentration shifted the OCP plots cathodically with absence of potential transients which signifies improved thermodynamic stability.
Effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of S43035 ferritic stainless steel in dilute sulphate-chloride environment
Authors: Loto Roland T
Published: June 2020

The corrosion resistance of heat treated S43035 ferritic stainless (500°C and 1000°C) was studied in 3.5M H2SO4 solution at 0% to 6% NaCl concentration and compared with the results obtained for the non-treated steel by potentiodynamic polarization and open circuit potential measurement. Polarization data revealed that heat treatment improved the general corrosion resistance of the steel by percentage margins ranging from 10.36% to 83.44% depending on chloride concentration. Heat treated (500°C) S43035 steel displayed the lowest corrosion rate value followed by the heat treated steel at 1000°C. Open circuit potential measurement plot indicates that heat treatment increases the vulnerability of S43035 steel to corrosion.
Data on the corrosion resistance quenched 420 martensitic stainless steel and annealed 316 austenitic stainless steel in dilute H2SO4 and HCl acid concentration
Authors: Loto Roland T , Loto Cleophas , Aiguwurhuo Osazaenaye , Evana Ukene
Published: June 2020

The effect of quenching heat treatment on 420 martensitic stainless steel and annealing heat treatment on 316 austenitic stainless steel was studied by weight loss method in 1 - 6 M H2SO4 and HCl solution with their obtained values compared to their as-received counterparts. Calculated data showed heat treatment marginally improves the corrosion resistance of ST316 and significantly, the corrosion resistance of ST420. Results show increase in H2SO4 and HCl concentration general increased the corrosion rate of as-received and heat treated steels. However, corrosion rate values of as-received 420 and 316 stainless steels were significantly higher than the heat treated steels in both acids Heat treatment has limited effect on the corrosion resistance of ST420 in HCl.
Data on the comparative assessment of corrosion resistance of 2101 duplex and 410 martensitic stainless steel for application in petrochemical crude distillation system
Authors: Loto Roland T
Published: June 2020

The corrosion resistance of 2101 lean duplex stainless steel and 410 martensitic stainless steel were studied and compared in 1M – 6M H2SO4 solution by coupon measurement for application in extreme process environments. Data obtained showed 2101 duplex steel is significantly more resistant to corrosion at lower concentrations (1M and 2 M H2SO4 solution) of the acid solution with final corrosion rate values of 0.000010 mm/y and 0.00028 mm/y compared to the values obtained for 410 martensitic steel at 0.0019 mm/y and 0.0738 mm/y. H2SO4 concentration at 4M - 6M narrowed the margin between the corrosion rates of both steel with final values of 0.0235 mm/y, 0.0326 mm/y and 0.0459 mm/y for 2101 duplex steel, and 0.0479 mm/y, 0.0482 mm/y and 0.0511 mm/y for 410 martensitic steel which signifies the corrosion resistance of both steels are comparable and generally similar at higher concentrations of SO4
2− anions. Statistical analysis through analysis of variance shows H2SO4 concentration strongly influence the corrosion rate value of both steel compared to exposure time which has limited influence.
Experimental investigation and finite element analysis of Magnesium Alloy (AZ31B) in Micro Electrical Discharge Machining μEDM)
Authors: Izzuddin Z , Azuddin M
Published: June 2020

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a non-conventional machining use thermal energy from overheated electron source to remove small portion of material. EDM process has an advantage on high geometric complexity and micro leveling of dimensioning. The present of thermal energy to eliminate the unwanted material in EDM are highly depending on heat affected zone. This can contribute to decreasing of the product quality with surface roughness and micro crack existing after machining. Magnesium alloys (AZ31B) material has the special characteristic to explore the heat distribution effect on the heated surface. Finite element analysis with heat flux Gaussian boundary condition is applied to understand the governing equation of the heat behavior. At the same time, finding the size of spark created on the AZ31B gap is studied. The ANSYS software applied to simulate the heat distributes on the AZ31B surface. The simulation of ANSYS indicates potential zone of material removal through heat distribution. The simulation is compare to the actual experimental of μEDM and finds the similarities. The heat distribution on AZ31B with different size of spark shows a good agreement between simulation and experimental results.
Effectivity analysis for poultry feed production using system simulation
Authors: Mulla Faraz Mueen , Kulkarni Vinayak N , Kulkarni Sanjay V , Gaitonde V N , Kotturshettar B B
Published: June 2020

Organizations constantly work towards process improvements in their day to day activities. Material and information flow in the process is to be controlled to successfully manage and control any process in the organization. Information flow in the production process is a key area to focus on effectivity analysis and performance improvement. Considering a poultry feed production process of a poultry firm that produces commercial broiler chicken. Poultry feed is required to feed the chickens. Several ingredients are required to produce poultry feed, which includes maize, soya, fats, essential nutrients, and medicines. Feed manufacturing requires skills and experience in the areas of nutrition, medicine and disease control. The paper introduces to the general continuous poultry feed manufacturing practices and the use of tools to analyse the process, later in the paper is process analysis which includes present analysis of the production process. The effectivity of the processes is also discussed in the paper with the use of generic simulation software. The experimentation of the processes is done using by creating models of the system, these models are created to increase the production efficiency and decreasing the non-value-added activities. Finally, giving the output as results in the conclusion. The paper also includes the gap in the processes involved which can be studied further by the researchers.
Dissimilar friction stir welding between AA2024-T3 and copper with threaded tool pin
Authors: Kumar N , Bhattacharya A
Published: June 2020

Dissimilar friction stir welding between AA2024-T3 and pure copper was attempted with threaded tool pin. After annealing of copper, the flowability, joint appearance, material sticking with tool was reduced and maximum tensile strength of the joint was achieved for the joint prepared at 470 rev/min tool rotation and 63 mm/min weld speed as compared to the other tested conditions. In the weld stir zone of this joint, presence of copper in dispersion was noticed. Joint failure was observed beyond the weld nugget from the annealed copper side and presence of numerous fine dimples on fracture surface was observed.
Vibration control of loosely supported cross-flow heat exchanger tube undergoing fluid elastic instability
Authors: Rajidi Shashidhar Reddy , Gupta Abhay , Panda Satyajit
Published: June 2020

In this theoretical work, the effect of support stiffness in controlling the nonlinear vibration of loosely supported cross-flow heat exchanger tube and support-impact forces is studied. The bending of slender heat exchanger tube is modelled using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The cross-flow induced forces on tube are modelled using quasi-steady flow model whereas the loose support is modelled with trilinear spring model. The Galerkin discretisation and time integration are used to solve the nonlinear governing differential equation of motion. From the results, it is observed that with the reduction of support stiffness, the chaotic motion of the tube gradually changes to periodic motion, the drastic changes in the acceleration of the tube during its motion reduces, and also the magnitude of the contact forces greatly reduces. Thus, if the support is made of low stiffness material or placing a low stiffer buffer layer over stiff support, the vibration and impact forces can be significantly reduced..
Investigation of deviation in width of embossed micro-structure by hot embossing
Authors: Deshmukh S S , Goswami A
Published: June 2020

In today’s scenario every manufacturing industry tries to achieve maximum productivity and profit. Manufacturing large number of components within less time helps in increasing the productivity and profit. Hot Embossing is a manufacturing process chiefly used for development of micro-structures on polymer. The parameters considered in this study are the embossing temperature, applied load, embossing time, and de-embossing temperature. The optimization has been carried out with help of Taguchi method for reduction of deviation in width of embossed micro-structures. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array has been used for collection of data and ANOVA has been performed to find out the percentage contribution of each process parameter of Hot Embossing. ANOVA result reveals that embossing temperature has major contribution of 45.92% as compared to other process parameters. After optimization the working values for different process parameters are embossing temperature = 115°C, applied load = 1.5 tonne, embossing time = 8 minute and de-embossing temperature = 40°C. At an optimum level deviation in width of embossed micro-structure from dimension of mold is only 1.72 μm which is less than the value obtained in each experimental run.
Static & dynamic performance analysis and modal simulations of single point cutting tool
Authors: Srinath M K , Prasad M S Ganesha , Nazareth Rony
Published: June 2020

Tool manufacturers’ aims to produce quality tools to with stand higher cutting forces, thermal resistivity with increased wear resistance to improve tool life and to produce better surface finish maintaining dimensional accuracy of the finished product. The paper analyses the machining performances of single point cutting tool made from high speed steel and tungsten carbide in dry machining of mild steel and aluminium. Varying cutting speeds, feed rates and depth of cuts were taken into consideration for the experimental performance, using lath tool dynamometer. The data obtained from the experiments are used for the static, modal and steady state dynamic analysis using FEA package ABAQUS solver. From the static analysis, it was found that WC has a higher stiffness and durability as compared to the HSS. The natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the HSS and WC tools were identified and plotted. The analysis showed WC tool has higher natural frequencies as compared to the HSS tool for each of the six mode shapes. The dynamic analysis of the tools showed the deformation was least for WC. The stress induced in WC was found to be around 50% of that of HSS and the factor of safety was almost double to that of HSS. Thus this paper shows that static and dynamic performance analysis of the WC tools is better than the HSS tools.
Flame analysis for prediction of thermocouple temperature and quality of sponge iron at TATA steel long products limited
Authors: Parida Himanshu , Deo Brahma , Choudhary Puneet , Malakar Parimal , Sahoo Susil Kumar
Published: June 2020

The temperature profiles of the gas and charge in a coal-fired rotary sponge iron kiln affect both the iron ore reduction process and accretion formation. The temperature profile of charge is estimated from the eleven thermocouples (TC1-TC11) placed along the 80 m length of the kiln. The quality prediction models are heavily dependent upon the accuracy of the measurement of TC10. However, slowly, as the kiln’s campaign life increases TC10, and other thermocouples too, get corrupted due to deposition of material (accretions) on the thermocouples. At the beginning of the campaign, however, there is no accretion on TC10. In the present work, an attempt is made to directly correlate flame characteristics with TC10 and with quality of iron produced so that when TC10 is corrupted due to accretion or breakdown, we can still survive by using flame characteristics as a guide to control quality. The flame inside the rotary kiln has been analysed by using image analysis procedures for the first time in a sponge iron plant. The flame’s estimated average temperature and pixel intensity information are correlated with (a) the temperature measured by the thermocouple TC10 (which is installed at a distance of 20 m from the rotary kiln outlet hood) and (b) with quality of iron produced. It is found that use of average flame temperature for quality prediction has several advantages in terms of increased accuracy of prediction and quicker response time of flame to short-time changes in coal quality (particle size, moisture, ash content, etc) whereas TC10 thermocouple takes much longer to reflect these changes due to slow process of heat transfer to charge. In addition, the adverse effect of accretion formation on TC10 for quality prediction has been overcome.
Performance study of flat heat pipe with metallic copper hierarchical structure as a wick
Authors: Solomon A Brusly , Joy Catherine , Rajan A Albert , Ninolin S Emerald , Varghese Jocin
Published: June 2020

Flat plate heat pipes (FHP) can transport high heat fluxes liberated by electrical and electronic equipment. Wick structure plays an essential role in the performance of the heat pipe. The wick structures are made of materials like sintered metal powder, foam, screen mesh, different shapes of grooves, or any material capable of producing capillary force. Generally, wick structures can be inserted or fixed easily inside the heat pipe enclosure. There are cases where one cannot insert or fix the wick structure, such as tubes with several bends and varying cross-sections. Therefore, this study directed to develop a wick structure inside the enclosure through an electrochemical process. As a preliminary study, a hierarchical wick structure is formed at the inner side of the flat heat pipe, and the performance is studied. This method can be applied to create dendrite copper wicks with the required porosity, pore size, and wick thickness by adjusting the electrolyzing conditions. In this study, a flat heat pipe is fabricated with copper hierarchical wick structure, and the performance analyzed over another heat pipe without wick and with screen wick.
Optimising cutting parameters in boring operation for C45 steel
Authors: Satish G Jangali , Madhusudhana H K , Nishant Bentur H , Kotturshettar B B
Published: June 2020

This paper describes the work carried out on C45 steel subjected to boring operation and development of an optimum set of parameters to be adopted for boring process to get better surface finish and increase the material removal rate (MRR). The design of experiments (DOE) technique is used to carry out the experiments and the results are analysed using the statistical tool. From the analysis, it is observed that the spindle speed and rake angle has a significant effect on the surface roughness, whereas the variations in the rake angle did not have any effect on the MRR.
Free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates using four parameter power law in Abaqus
Authors: Wangdus R , Chalak H D
Published: June 2020

Functionally graded material (FGM) are most widely use material with various application because of its properties adaptability to different situations by changing the constituents as per the requirement. In present study, using (ABAQUS) software for free vibration analysis of natural frequency of functionally graded material (FGM) plate is performed. Aluminium and zirconia are the materials considered for the analysis. The effective properties are varying along the thickness with differ with different volume fraction of each material. Four parameter power law is use to accomplish different combination of FGM profile such as classic, symmetrical and asymmetrical. It is assumed the that both materials are gradually varying and also homogeneous. Thick and thin FGM plate are being analysis to find natural frequency value of the FGM plate for different boundary condition with different material combination profile. The accuracy of the present model is studied by comparing the present results with those available in literature.
Recent Developments of Materials used in Air breathing and Advanced Air breathing Engines
Authors: Suhrutha Krishnam , Srinivas G
Published: June 2020

Jet engines require special materials that can withstand the demanding environments imposed on the various components and sections, so selection of materials is primary requirement during design of jet engine components. This paper is the study of various materials and their applicability for different components of jet engine for the purpose of enhancing the performance, reliability and durability. Review of materials for different types of jet engines such as turbojet engine, turboprop engine, turbofan engine, turboshaft engine, ramjet and scramjet engine is presented. This paper overviews the properties and materials used for different types of jet engines and can be used for further researchers in the field of jet engine materials.
Low cost and open source software-based CNC router for machining contours
Authors: Suryawanshi Aniket T , Sudhakar D S S , Patil Bhushan T
Published: June 2020

After the advance of NC technology to CNC technology there are attempts to bring openness in the control to bring modularity, flexibility and accuracy in the system to replace proprietary controllers. To experiment the same a portable open architecture-based CNC machine is developed for engraving application. Open source software’s are used to identify the contour, generate CNC g-code and microcontrollers to execute the motion control. The mechanical structure is developed to meet the requirement of low cost without sacrificing the accuracy. Besides the accuracy of the profile to be machined, feed rate is another criterion which should be achieved as it is intended in the program. The 3 axis CNC structure is developed and tested satisfactorily for the targeted performance.
Numerical analysis of surface integrity in parallel turning process Part I: Influence of cutting tool parting distance
Authors: Kanakaraju Veldi , Hassan Faisal , Rathinam Kalidasan , Norkey Gavendra
Published: June 2020

Surface integrity is one among the prime quality features of turned parts. In the present research work, surface residual stress generated during parallel turning is analysed numerically using finite element method based software. Parting of cut-chip from uncut-work material is dealt by Johnson-Cook criteria. Tool-chip friction was modelled by penalty contact method. Cutting tool parting distance is an important process parameter in parallel turning. The main objective of the current research work is to evaluate the significance of parting distance on axial and circumferential surface residual stresses induced on machined work surfaces. The analysis revealed that with the increment in parting distance, the surface integrity raised. When the distances was raised from 0.4 to 0.8 mm, for a cutting velocity of150 m/min and feed 0.2 mm/rev the axial and circumferential residual stresses elevated by 34% and 33% for surface machined by second tool. For all chosen parting distances, the stresses raised with the increase in cutting velocity. Parallel turning was advantageous in increasing the machined surface integrity.
Thermal barrier coating system for Internal Combustion Engine application-A review
Authors: Nilesh Chauhan , Kamlesh Chauhan
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses various TBC materials, its properties and its effect on IC engine performance. Ceramics, in contrast to metals, are often more resistant to oxidation, corrosion and wear, as well as being better thermal insulators. Except for yttria-stabilized zirconia, other materials such as lanthanum zirconate and rare earth oxides are also promising materials for thermal barrier coatings. Thermal barrier coatings enhanced the performance of the IC engine. Applied the TBC on the surface of the piston with the help of various deposition techniques. The coating system has affected the many operating parameters of an engine like fuel consumption, power, and the combustion efficiency, pollution contents and the fatigue lifetime of engine components. The help of coating in the automotive industry has been found to yield a significant effect on the efficiency of engines, higher the operating temperature more will be the efficiency of the system.
Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with use of rape seed oil as biodiesel
Authors: Mehta Bhavin , Subhedar Dattatraya , Patel Gaurang , Swarnkar Abhishek
Published: June 2020

In this paper, emission and performance characteristics of diesel fuel-engine was investigated using blending of diesel with bio diesel under steady state. Rape-seed oil was used as biodiesel and blended in diesel with different proportions of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume. The engine used in experiment was single cylinder 4-stroke diesel fuel-engine having water cooling system. Result shows that BTE decreases with more addition of bio-diesel in % fraction. For 10% blend, BTE of engine is almost same compared to diesel. The emission characteristics were remarkably improved by increasing volume fraction of rape seed oil except NOx emission. NOx emission was found maximum for 30% diesel-bio diesel blend.
Inquiry of inclined magnetic field effects on Walter –B nanofluid flow with heat generation / absorption
Authors: Loganathan K , Nithyadevi N , Boopathi P , Mohana K
Published: June 2020

The article deals with Walter-B nanoliquid flow towards a extending surface with inclined magnetic field effects. Thermal relaxation analysis is made by non fourier heat flux model. Radiation, heat generation / absorption impacts are included. The non linear Partial governing systems are rebuild into nonlinear ordinary systems with the assist of proper similarity transformations. The graphical results are portrayed for velocity, concentration and temperature profile. The physical entitles of heat and mass transfer rates are graphically reported. The comparission with previous results notified the excellent agreement.
Experimental investigation on characteristics of resole based phenolic resin
Authors: Raju CH Joseph S , Ramalingam T , Srinivas Yadav P
Published: June 2020

In this study, characteristics of two different resole based phenolic resin being used in aerospace application were investigated. Phenolic resins were advanced by conditioning to bring down its point of trouble. At this stage both resins were separately impregnated with PAN based carbon fabric as reinforcement and evaluated their rheologyproperties. Residues of free phenol, free formaldehyde and sodium content in resins were estimated for both the resins and compared. Also other properties such as neat resin cure characteristics, resin characteristic frequencies, molecular weight distributions, char yield of resins were evaluated and compared. A conclusion is drawn from the test results that char yield is affected by purity of phenolic resin viz presence of unreacted free phenol and free formaldehyde. Also viscosity plays a vital role in wetting of the reinforcement resulting in better interlaminar shear properties.
Synthesis, characterization and impedance studies of novel nanocomposites of gadolinium titanate
Authors: Adimule Vinayak , Suryavanshi Anusha , Nandi Santosh
Published: June 2020

We report here a facile synthesis of Gadolinium doped titanate (GDT) nanocomposites (NCs) and their impedance, total current gain in the various concentrations of doped and undoped gadolinium to the titanate nanomatrix was investigated. GdTiO3 NCs synthesized by co precipitation method using CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) as capping agent triethyl amine under acidic condition at high temperature. Gd was doped (10-40 % molar wt) ratio, characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), UV Visible, CV (cyclic voltammetry) spectroscopic analysis. SEM crystal morphology indicated Gd x (TiO3) 1-x was tetragonal close packing with the distribution of overlay of Gd is 50 nm, CV characterization revealed the oxidation potential of GdTiO3 was + 0.34 eV. The aligned GdTiO3showed linear increase in the resistance with the different thickness of the pellet made from powdered NCs. Significant increase in the conductivity is due to varied thickness, decease in the particle size, distinct grain boundaries. The modulus of the complex impedance (Z* ω) with respect to different current and voltage gain were measured by different size of the pelletized nanomaterials (∼15 mm diameter, ∼1-5 mm thickness, pressure of ∼ 0.4 GPa) and the phase angle θ measured with different frequency range from 40 Hz to 2 MHz. The variation in the impedance (real and imaginary) depends on the grain boundary and grain size contribution at lower and higher frequencies. The conductivity due to grain (σg), grain boundary (σgb), calculated from the values of Rg and Rgb (resistance at grain and grain boundary) and the specific grain boundary (σsgb) was calculated for the nanocomposites.
Electrochemical performance of 2-meracaptobenzothiazole on the corrosion inhibition of selected metallic alloys in dilute acid media
Authors: Loto Roland Tolulope , Morenikeji Temitayo , Charles Idowu Ayodeji
Published: June 2020

The inhibition performance of 2-meracaptobenzothiazole on the corrosion of 316 austenitic stainless steel in 3M HCl, mild steel in 1M HCl and 1060 aluminium alloy in 2M H2SO4 solution alloy was studied by coupon measurement. Results showed the compound performed more effectively on the 316 steel with average corrosion inhibition performance result of 90% followed by the aluminium alloy with average inhibition performance value of 70%. 2-meracaptobenzothiazole performed poorly on mild steel with average inhibition performance results of 55% at low concentration and results below 0% and high inhibitor concentrations. Statistical data through showed that inhibitor concentration only influenced the inhibition performance of 2-meracaptobenzothiazole. Inhibitor concentration and exposure time were statistically relevant to the inhibition performance of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on mild steel at varying degrees while both inhibitor concentration were statistically irrelevant to the inhibition performance of 2-meracaptobenzothiazole on 1060 aluminium alloy. Adsorption isotherm studies showed SD adsorption on the metallic alloys aligned with Langmuir, Frumkin and Freudlich adsorption with general correlation coefficient above 0.9991.
A review on concrete filled tubular sections using self compacting concrete under eccentric loading
Authors: Thakur Rambha , Pamnani Nanak
Published: June 2020

Concrete filled tubular section (CFT’s) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the ideal material for achieving goals like strength, durability, toughness, economic, controlling thermal cracking, plastic shrinkage, etc. for high rise buildings. The CFT’s were filled with the self-compacting concrete (SCC) and Normal Concrete (NC) with the different eccentric loading on the sections. Normal Concrete is forming the problems due to its less workability and filling concrete in the smaller cross-sections or dense reinforcement. CFT’s carries higher loads as compared to conventional reinforced concrete and steel columns. For the economic aspects, the CFT’s are mainly used for the High Rise Building (HRB) due to its properties. In earlier research show that the different ratio of the of D/t and L/D section with various types of concrete with or without using of admixture was used in the study
Analytical and Experimental study on load-deflection characteristics of Ternary blend SCC beams
Authors: Lakman Prabu P S , Vivek S S
Published: June 2020

Development of newer concrete is the need of the hour to meet out today’s demand due to fast growing construction activities. Taller constructions with lesser space involve closer reinforcements lead to suffer the reach of concrete uniformly. Hence concrete with higher degree of flowability without compromising strength comes to the mind of constructor. Such concrete called self-consolidating or compacting concrete and is capable of compacting on its own with no external effort. This paper deals with load deflection performance of such concrete using mineral and chemical admixtures, so that good amount of cement will be minimized without compromising strength and workability. Detailed experimental investigations were done with industrial wastes as replacers to conventional binder (cement) in ternary form. Experimental results of ternary SCC was compared with the results of conventionally vibrated concrete (CVC). Finite element model was developed using ANSYS and was validated with experimental results. It was inferred that ternary SCC beams exhibited more ductile nature compared to CVC beams.
Mechanical and durability characteristics of multiwalled carbon nano tube in concrete
Authors: Rashmi R , Padmapriya R
Published: June 2020

Concrete is the widely used reliable constructions material worldwide in the field of Civil Engineering with various reforms using advanced Technology. One of the encroachments is the Nano science and it has also played a remarkable role in the field of material science. Eventually Nano materials were used in the concrete to intervene new material at Nano scale and thereby increasing the Mechanical, Chemical and durability property. Various Nano materials are being used in civil Engineering, off all those Nano materials used in the concrete are Nano silica, Multi walled Carbon Nano tubes, and Nano Titanium oxide. These Nano materials are used in producing High performance concrete which exhibits tremendous strength and durability of concrete. The material that is used in this research paper is Carbon Nano tubes. The multiwalled carbon Nano tubes exhibits exceptionally high Mechanical Property and also act as a reinforcing material for the high performance concrete. These multiwall carbon Nano tubes are effectively incorporated in concrete by ultrasonic method and using surfactant. There are interfacial interactions between carbon nanotubes and the hydrations of cement, which enhances a high bonding strength between the reinforcement and cement matrix. Mutiwalled carbon nanotubes are various ratio is incorporated with the concrete of mix proportion M40 grade of concrete. Their mechanical property is thereby compared with the nominal concrete mix. In this research the fine aggregate is also partially to fully replace by manufactured sand as the demand for the river sand is high, an alternate is sought. Besides the mechanical property and the complex reinforcement of cement matrix, the Nano concrete exhibits early strain capacity which shows a considerable improvement in the long term durability of the concrete.
Light weight polymer Nano composites reinforced with h-BN for high temperature applications
Authors: Choukimath Mantesh C , Banapurmath N R , Patil Arun Y , Hemadri Sandesh , Jalawadi Arun R
Published: June 2020

This work presents the behavior of a polymer matrix reinforced with h-Boron Nitride (h-BN in powder form) at Nano level reinforcements, to study the strength and thermal stability aspects for high-temperature applications. Composite specimens were prepared by adding varying amount (0.1 to 0.5 wt. percentages) of reinforcements (h-BN) in the base polymer matrix (epoxy). Dispersion of h-BN was carried out using ultrasonic energy. Prepared epoxy beams were tested under tensile load and flexureto evaluate their mechanical properties such as tensile strength and load-deflection conditions. Composite material was tested using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis to study their degradation with increasing temperature. These results were compared with the plain epoxy polymer specimens. This work further investigates the ideal percentage of h-BN that gives the best results in terms of both enhanced properties and economic viability. Scanning electron microscopic testing was conducted to examine the interfacial surface adhesion between the h-BNs and the polymer matrix. Polymer composite with h-BNs 0.4% by weight showed enhanced results in strength by 49.25% when compared with plain epoxy beams due to uniform filler dispersion. It was found that addition of h-BN Nanoparticles, the material loss in the elevated temperatures has been reduced.
Long term preservation of rainwater for the exploitation of potable water
Authors: Velumani P , Mukilan K , Manikanda Prabhu P
Published: June 2020

For millenniums, the water cycle provides enough water for everyone on earth. Presently this entire cycle is severely affected by overpopulation and global warming. Due to poor rainfall, drought sets in, crops fail, adding to urban water problems, most of the harvested rainwater is used for agriculture, cleaning, cooling agent, flushing, etc. This project aims to promote personal involvement in water conservation by suggesting a rainwater conservancy system. Polypropylene based filter is used to filter the filtered water. The purity of water level is improved in a notable manner. Water can be saved by dams and canal which is expensive whereas at home it becomes free and cheap.
Building blocks as infills: Current scenario and alternate materials
Authors: Jose Sajan K , Soman Mini , Sheela Evangeline Y
Published: June 2020

Currently, all nations have taken major initiatives in developing the infrastructures such as express highways, power projects, industrial structures, multi-storeyed residential flats etc., to meet the requirements of globalization. Concrete plays a key role and a large quantum of concrete is being utilized in every construction project. The use of such huge quantity of concrete will lead to several environmental impacts as well as economical issues. To reduce the environmental impact, the important thing is to diminish the use of the natural constituents of the concrete by effectively utilizing the abundantly available industrial by-products. And to reduce the economy, the major initiative is to minimize the quantity of cement and aggreagates in concrete by partial substitution with suitable by-products and using lightweight technology. Hence this study is oriented towards designing a new mix for the production of foamed concrete, thereby producing a sustainable and greener concrete. Application of green concrete is an effective way to reduce environmental pollution and improve durability of concrete under severe conditions. Foamed concrete using quarry dust replacing the manufactured sand partially and with fly ash and GGBFS replacing cement partially is dealt in detail in this paper. It is observed that there is considerable increase in compressive strength with addition of quarry dust, fly ash and GGBFS.
Design and Simulation study of pineapple leaf reinforced fiber glass as an alternative material for prosthetic limb
Authors: Kohli Anirudh , Ishwar S , Charan M J , Adarsha C M , Patil Arun Y , Kotturshettar Basvaraja B
Published: June 2020

In today’s world humans are in rat race due to which they don’t take care of their health due to which they tend to have improper bone growth density and growth this leads to number of fracture and in severe cases amputation due to lifestyle diseases in extreme cases and in cases of accidents. Prosthetic limbs are artificial limbs that are used to replace the original human limbs which a person lost due to any injury, accident and disease. It was found that there is a adhere need to find an optimized cost-effective method for amputated athletes so that they can run at same efficiency with their artificial limbs. This is very expensive medical equipment and its reliability is not that great so taking that into consideration there was a need to find an alternative design or material regarding the same. As the world is going towards bio degradable and bio composite as it is easy to work with, ecofriendly and same time inexpensive. There are many bio composites to choose from sisal, banana leaf, hemp, jute, bamboo etc. There is a desire to make this limb available to the last person without minimal change in impact so this sample went for compressive strength, tensile strength flexural, density, impact, hardness, and wear. So, it was concluded PALF as an alternative material due to its good mechanical properties.
Comparison of different dosages of PCM incorporated wallpanels
Authors: Lakshan R R , Rosini A M , Sathiyan K , Sathyan Dhanya , Mini K M , Gangadharan D
Published: June 2020

In the modern world of development and technology, sustainable development is of greater need. One of the main factors that cause global warming is due to the usage of the artificial air conditioner in buildings. This study is the development of an eco-friendly wall panel for buildings which can reduce the usage of artificial air conditioner and to improve the thermal comfort in buildings in a sustainable way. To achieve this, PCM materials is used in mortar wall panels to regulate the temperature. PCM absorbs heat at higher temperature and releases the absorbed heat at lower temperature. In this study PCM were encapsulated to prevent them from being affected by the chemical environment. The encapsulated PCM were incorporated in mortar cubes and were made into wall panels. The PCM incorporated specimens were tested for compressive strength and thermal conductivity to study the hardened property and the heat transfer. The obtained results were compared with the control specimen to conclude the effect of PCM in mortar wall panels. The PCM incorporated specimens showed improved results compared to the control specimen.
One pot synthesis of amino-ethanethiol derivatives of aromatic aldehydes by the catalytic action of DBU
Authors: Rejithamol R , Beena S , Krishnan Midhina , Dharan Megha T , Anusree L
Published: June 2020

A facile and effective one pot organic synthesis of benzylidene amino-ethanethiols from the condensation reaction between 2-aminoethanethiol and aromatic aldehydes by the catalytic action of 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) at mild reaction conditions. For the best our knowledge there is no report on the organic synthesis of benzylidineamino-ethanethiols
Assessment of mechanical properties by using powder waste glass with cement in concrete mix
Authors: Gupta Jagriti , Jethoo A S , Lata Nandeshwar
Published: June 2020

The normal concrete is vital and economical but the maintenance cost of normal concrete is large on the other hand if the concrete is replaced with waste material which is useful in concrete production then maintenance cost is less and also workability, durability, and strength is very precious as compared to normal concrete. C&D waste materials replace with raw materials in concrete improves the compressive strength and workability at less to moderate grade and proportions as compared to normal concrete. Production of cement is a highly affect the environment by its energy-intensive property, the production rate of cement is increasing day by day due to construction and development hence it is important to look out for materials which can replace the cement for promoting sustainability and green technology based construction. A promising C&D material like waste glass can replace as cement and it is to prevent essential materials. The powder glass waste in concrete manufacturing makes it economical in construction site. In this study the powder waste glass in various % ratio so that the property of hardened strength of concrete is find higher as the concrete control mix. PWG was replacing with cement in multiple percentages such as 5 to 40 % in variable of 5 %. Control mix is also made for relative reasons Test of hardened strength outcomes indicated that on 30% PWG was Replacement with cement for M30 mix of concrete the workability was good and Mechanical strength-noted were maximum than the strength of normal M30 mix.
Finite element analysis on effect of different ball spacing in bubble deck lightweight concrete slab
Authors: Vinod Kumar M , Hamza Taha Abou
Published: June 2020

Reinforcement Concrete (RC) is considered one of the heaviest construction materials hence many attempts have been done to reduce the self-weight of concrete and since the most mass focused in the slab element of structure, a new type of slab has been developed in 1990 called bubble deck slab and started recently used around the world, on the other hand using of Lightweight Concrete (LWC) will decreased the self-weight of concrete which has density less than (1850 kg/m3) compare with conventional concrete (2400-2500 kg/m3), this research conduct an analytical study of the bubble deck slab using lightweight concrete. Four types of bubble deck slabs are modelled in the Finite Element (FE) Software ABAQUS of uniform size 1400 mm ×1400 mm × 150mm. Analytical investigation is conducted to find the performance of four different types of bubble deck slabs which is varied based on arrangement of location of spherical balls and reinforcement. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results show that all the slab models has less than 2.5% difference in load carrying capacity. Introduction of bubble deck concrete slab system in construction will reduces the consumption of concrete in construction which results in economy of the project.