bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinale astrozytäre Hamartome bei Neurofibromatose Typ 2 – Metaanalyse und Fallbericht
Authors: Starosta Daniela , Lorenz Birgit
Published: March 2018

Hintergrund Die Neurofibromatose Typ 2 (NF2) ist eine autosomal-dominant vererbliche Erkrankung mit unvollständiger Penetranz, die durch das Vorkommen von gutartigen Tumoren des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems charakterisiert ist. Zu diesen zählen Astrozytome, Ependymome, Meningeome und Schwannome, bei denen beidseitige Vestibularisschwannome typisch sind. Okulär manifestiert sich die NF2 durch juvenile subkapsuläre Katarakte, epiretinale Membranen sowie kombinierte Hamartome der Retina und des retinalen Pigmentepithels.

Material und Methoden Bei einer Patientin mit retinalem Hamartom bei NF2 wurde eine multimodale Bilddokumentation durchgeführt und mit einer Metaanalyse publizierter Fälle retinaler Hamartome bei NF2 verglichen.

Ergebnisse Berichtet wird über den Fall eines 14-jährigen Mädchens mit molekulargenetisch gesicherter Neurofibromatose Typ 2. In der Spectral-Domain-optischen Kohärenztomografie (SD-OCT) fielen beidseitige, asymptomatische, retinale astrozytäre Hamartome im Bereich der retinalen Ganglienzell- und Nervenfaserschicht auf. Eine Metaanalyse der 25 publizierten Fälle ergab, dass die häufigste Form von Tumoren der Retina das kombinierte Hamartom der Retina und des retinalen Pigmentepithels (CHRRPE, 16 Fälle) war, gefolgt von den retinalen astrozytären Hamartomen (RAH, 7 Fälle). Dabei wurden die retinalen Hamartome meistens beidseitig beschrieben. Es wurden 11 Fälle beschrieben, bei denen retinale Hamartome vor der klinischen Diagnose der NF2 festgestellt wurden. Es konnte keine Geschlechtsprävalenz festgestellt werden. Die 3 häufigsten okulären Befunde bei NF2 waren Sehminderung, Katarakt und epiretinale Membranen.

Schlussfolgerung Das Spektrum der spezifisch okulären Befunde bei NF2 ist sehr groß. Deren Feststellung kann gerade im jungen Alter diagnoseweisend für die Erstdiagnose der NF2 sein und somit eine frühzeitige Erkennung und gegebenenfalls eine rechtzeitige und erfolgreichere Therapie weiterer Tumormanifestationen ermöglichen. Retinale astrozytäre Hamartome können sehr dezent ausgeprägt sein und bei einer Routineuntersuchung nicht auffallen. Eine Fundusinfrarotaufnahme ist bei der ophthalmologischen Untersuchung insbesondere von kleinen Kindern ein nützliches Werkzeug und kann in manchen Fällen funduskopisch kaum erkennbare Befunde aufdecken, die dann gezielt mit SD-OCT untersucht werden können.
Multiple Ligament Knee Injuries
Authors: Fanelli David , Fanelli Gregory
Published: March 2018

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-based multiple ligament injury, or dislocated knee, is often part of a multisystem injury complex that not only includes the knee ligaments, but may also include blood vessels, skin, nerves, fractures, and other organ system trauma. These factors must be considered in the scope of treating this complex knee injury. These complex knee ligament injuries can result in significant functional instability for the affected individual. This article will discuss multiple ligament knee injuries evaluation, treatment, and special considerations in the pediatric and adolescent population.
Improved Early Postoperative Range of Motion in Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Tranexamic Acid: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Boin Michael , Froehle Andrew , Lawless Matthew , May Jedediah , Dorweiler Matthew
Published: March 2018

The use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become common practice. Recent literature has demonstrated a reduction in postoperative knee swelling and drain output while using TXA. Our purpose is to analyze the range of motion (ROM) following TKA in patients who received TXA compared with a control group. We hypothesize that patients treated with TXA will have improved early postoperative ROM when compared with controls. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent TKA from 2010 to 2012 performed by a single orthopaedic surgeon. Patients were stratified into three cohorts by route of TXA administration including intravenous (IV), topical, and a control group. Dependent variables analyzed included extension, flexion, and total arc ROM on each postoperative day (POD), average ROM across all three postoperative days, as well as pre-to-postoperative differences in ROM. Demographic data were recorded for each patient. A total of 174 patients were included for analysis, 75 controls and 99 receiving TXA. A significant difference was found between the treatment groups and the control for all variables (for each, p ≤ 0.002). There were no significant differences in ROM between the IV and topical TXA treatment groups (for each, p ≥ 0.558). A multivariate analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in complication rate or demographic variables. The use of TXA may improve early postoperative ROM following TKA.
Large Osteochondral Allografts of the Knee: Surgical Technique and Indications
Authors: Pisanu Gabriele , Cottino Umberto , Rosso Federica , Blonna Davide , Marmotti Antonio , Bertolo Corrado , Rossi Roberto , Bonasia Davide
Published: March 2018

Large osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplant has become a valid alternative to restore articular surface in challenging articular lesions in young and active patients, either in primary or in revision procedures. Several studies support the effectiveness and safety of OCA, but costs and graft availability limit their use. The indications are the treatment of symptomatic full-thickness cartilage lesions greater than 3 cm2, deep lesions with subchondral damage, or revision procedures when a previous treatment has failed. The goal of the transplant is to restore the articular surface with a biological implant, allow return to daily/sports activities, relieve symptoms, and delay knee arthroplasty. Grafts can be fresh, fresh-frozen, or cryopreserved; these different storage procedures significantly affect cell viability, immunogenicity, and duration of the storage. Dowel and shell technique are the two most commonly used procedures for OCA transplantation. While most cartilage lesions can be treated with the dowel technique, large and/or geometrically irregular lesions should be treated with the shell technique. OCA transplantation for the knee has demonstrated reliable mid- to long-term results in terms of graft survival and patient satisfaction. Best results are reported: in unipolar lesions, in patients younger than 30 years, in traumatic lesions and when the treatment is performed within 12 months from the onset of symptoms.
Subcutaneoscopic Excision of External Angular Dermoid Cysts: Our Covert Scar Approach in 11 Cases
Authors: Hsiao Annie , Pimpalwar Ashwin
Published: March 2018

Introduction External angular dermoid cysts, or epidermoid inclusion cysts, are a common subcutaneous tumor of the head and neck. For the majority of these lesions, excision is relatively simple and performed through an incision immediately overlying the mass. Facial lesions in pediatric patients present a unique challenge in that a direct approach carries the potential for visible scar formation.

Objective This article aims to detail our experience with subcutaneoscopic excision of external angular dermoid cysts in pediatric patients using endoscopic instrumentation.

Materials and Methods Retrospectively, we reviewed 11 cases, between the ages of 4 months and 3 years with external angular dermoid cysts. An incision is made on the scalp above the hairline, then a tunneled working space is created underneath the skin. 3 mm laparoscopy instruments were then used for providing excellent visualization and precise subcutaneoscopic dissection.

Results There were no complications apparent in any of the 11 cases (except cyst rupture in one case), with mean procedure duration at 61 minutes. Final results at follow-up revealed aesthetically pleasing and well-healed skin incisions, hidden from view behind the hairline.

Conclusion The subcutaneoscopic technique utilizing endoscopic instrumentation has the advantage of improved visualization of the cyst, greater precision of dissection, and excellent cosmesis. One disadvantage of this procedure is that this involves learning a new technique while the majority of surgeons are already comfortable with the open approach. Given the safety and efficacy observed for this subcutaneoscopic procedure, this technique can have tremendous possibilities.
Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Bursal Tissue after Rotator Cuff Repair in Rats
Authors: Safi Elem , Ficklscherer Andreas , Bondarava Maryna , Betz Oliver , Zhang Anja , Jansson Volkmar , Müller Peter
Published: March 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify migration of mesenchymal stem cells of bursal tissue into the healing site after rotator cuff repair in rats.

Methods Fischer rats and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats were used. Bursal tissue from GFP rats was isolated and transplanted into tendon repair sites in Fischer rats. We examined the histology of the rotator cuff and the proportion of GFP-positive cells in the repaired rotator cuff 1, 3, and 6 weeks after surgery.

Results Cell migration was observed during the third and sixth week after surgery. We also found mesenchymal stem cells and formed bursal cluster patterns in the repaired rotator cuff tendons.

Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells migrated from bursal tissue and infiltrated the repaired rotator cuff tendons.

Clinical Relevance Mesenchymal stem cells from bursal tissue can contribute to the healing progress of the repaired rotator cuff.
Belastungskaskade emotionaler Stressverarbeitung – Ein
transnosologisches Ätiologiemodell
Authors: Wendisch Martin
Published: March 2018

Dieser Beitrag fasst zentrale Aussagen des 2015 erstmals publizierten Ansatzes
zusammen (Wendisch 2015). Er stellt die Verarbeitung emotionaler
Schlüsselerfahrungen ins Zentrum einer multidimensionalen Behandlungsstrategie.
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist ein kurzer Überblick, um einen zentralen roten Faden
der ätiologischen Analyse in Kurzform sichtbar und für das Fallkonzept, die
Behandlung und Selbsterfahrung nutzbar zu machen.
Emotionen im Psychodrama
Authors: Reineck Uwe , Buckel Christoph
Published: March 2018

In der psychodramatischen Arbeit spielen Emotionen eine tragende Rolle. Die im
Spiel verwendeten Techniken können starke emotionale Prozesse auslösen, die im
besten Fall in einen Erkenntnis- und Veränderungsprozess münden. Dieser Beitrag
stellt die Techniken näher vor und erläutert ihre Wirkweise.
Emotionen in Organisationen
Authors: Bergknapp Andreas
Published: March 2018

Dass in der Arbeitswelt Emotionen eine wichtige Rolle spielen, wird kaum jemand,
der in und mit Organisationen arbeitet, bestreiten. In diesem Beitrag soll
aufgezeigt werden, dass Emotionen ein logisches Produkt der zentralen Logiken
von Organisationen sind. Die organisationale Relevanz von Emotionen lässt sich
auf zwei Ebenen verorten: Kontrolle der negativen, dysfunktionalen Gefühle und
Nutzbarmachung der positiven, funktionalen Gefühle.
Entwicklungen, Fehlentwicklungen und Perspektiven in der
Psychotherapie
Authors: Wendisch Martin
Published: March 2018

Wir haben uns als Praktiker daran gewöhnt, in der wissenschaftlichen Begründung
unseres Tuns ein besonderes Qualitätsmerkmal zu sehen anstatt sie zu
hinterfragen. Wir gehen zu Unrecht davon aus, dass die Wissenschaftler dies
schon selbst tun. Herausgekommen ist eine ökonomisierte und medizinalisierte
Psychotherapieforschung, die weder die Bedürfnisse der Patienten noch
authentische Praxiserfahrungen abbildet und diese zuweilen sogar zum Handicap
umdeutet.
Dose Reduction and Dose Management in Computed Tomography – State of the Art
Authors: Zinsser Dominik , Marcus Roy , Othman Ahmed , Bamberg Fabian , Nikolaou Konstantin , Flohr Thomas , Notohamiprodjo Mike
Published: March 2018

Background For years, the number of performed CT examinations has been rising. At the same time, computed tomography became more dose efficient. The aim of this article is to give an overview about the state of the art in dose reduction in CT and to highlight currently available tools in dose management.

Method By performing a literature research on Pubmed regarding dose reduction in CT, relevant articles were identified and analyzed.

Results and Conclusion Technical innovations with individual adaptation of tube current and voltage as well as iterative image reconstruction enable a considerable dose reduction with preserved image quality. At the same time, dedicated software tools are able to handle huge amounts of data and allow to optimize existing examination protocols.

Key points 

Citation Format
Numerical analysis on interactions of vortex, shock wave, and exothermal reaction in a supersonic planar shear layer laden with droplets
Authors: Ren Zhaoxin , Wang Bing , Zheng Longxi
Published: March 2018

The analysis on the interactions of a large-scale shearing vortex, an incident oblique shock wave, and a chemical reaction in a planar shear layer is performed by numerical simulations. The reacting flows are obtained by directly solving the multi-species Navier-Stokes equations in the Eulerian frame, and the motions of individual point-mass fuel droplets are tracked in the Lagrangian frame considering the two-way coupling. The influences of shock strength and spray equivalence ratio on the shock-vortex interaction and the induced combustion are further studied. Under the present conditions, the incident shock is distorted by the vortex evolution to form the complicated waves including an incident shock wave, a multi-refracted wave, a reflected wave, and a transmitted wave. The local pressure and temperature are elevated by the shock impingement on the shearing vortex, which carries flammable mixtures. The chemical reaction is mostly accelerated by the refracted shock across the vortex. Two different exothermal reaction modes could be distinguished during the shock-vortex interaction as a thermal mode, due to the additional energy from the incident shock, and a local quasi detonation mode, due to the coupling of the refracted wave with reaction. The former mode detaches the flame and shock wave, whereas the latter mode tends to occur when the incident shock strength is higher and local equivalence ratio is higher approaching to the stoichiometric value. The numerical results illustrate that those two modes by shock-vortex interaction depend on the structure of the post-shock flame kernel, which may be located either in the vortex-braids of post-shock flows or in the shock-vortex interaction regime.
Turbulence-driven anisotropic electron tail generation during magnetic reconnection
Authors: DuBois A. M. , Scherer A. , Almagri A. F. , Anderson J. K. , Pandya M. D. , Sarff J. S.
Published: March 2018

Magnetic reconnection (MR) plays an important role in particle transport, energization, and acceleration in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. In the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed field pinch, discrete MR events release large amounts of energy from the equilibrium magnetic field, a fraction of which is transferred to electrons and ions. Previous experiments revealed an anisotropic electron tail that favors the perpendicular direction and is symmetric in the parallel. New profile measurements of x-ray emission show that the tail distribution is localized near the magnetic axis, consistent modeling of the bremsstrahlung emission. The tail appears first near the magnetic axis and then spreads radially, and the dynamics in the anisotropy and diffusion are discussed. The data presented imply that the electron tail formation likely results from a turbulent wave-particle interaction and provides evidence that high energy electrons are escaping the core-localized region through pitch angle scattering into the parallel direction, followed by stochastic parallel transport to the plasma edge. New measurements also show a strong correlation between high energy x-ray measurements and tearing mode dynamics, suggesting that the coupling between core and edge tearing modes is essential for energetic electron tail formation.
Mode decomposition and Lagrangian structures of the flow dynamics in orbitally shaken bioreactors
Authors: Weheliye Weheliye Hashi , Cagney Neil , Rodriguez Gregorio , Micheletti Martina , Ducci Andrea
Published: March 2018

In this study, two mode decomposition techniques were applied and compared to assess the flow dynamics in an orbital shaken bioreactor (OSB) of cylindrical geometry and flat bottom: proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments were carried out for different operating conditions including fluid height, h, and shaker rotational speed, N. A detailed flow analysis is provided for conditions when the fluid and vessel motions are in-phase (Fr = 0.23) and out-of-phase (Fr = 0.47). PIV measurements in vertical and horizontal planes were combined to reconstruct low order models of the full 3D flow and to determine its Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) within OSBs. The combined results from the mode decomposition and the FTLE fields provide a useful insight into the flow dynamics and Lagrangian coherent structures in OSBs and offer a valuable tool to optimise bioprocess design in terms of mixing and cell suspension.
Thermal characterizations analysis of high-power ThinGaN cool-white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Raypah Muna E. , Devarajan Mutharasu , Ahmed Anas A. , Sulaiman Fauziah
Published: March 2018

Analysis of thermal properties plays an important role in the thermal management of high-power (HP) lighting-emitting diodes (LEDs). Thermal resistance, thermal capacitance, and thermal time constant are essential parameters for the optimal design of the LED device and system, particularly for dynamic performance study. In this paper, thermal characterization and thermal time constant of ThinGaN HP LEDs are investigated. Three HP cool-white ThinGaN LEDs from different manufacturers are used in this study. A forward-voltage method using thermal transient tester (T3Ster) system is employed to determine the LEDs' thermal parameters at various operating conditions. The junction temperature transient response is described by a multi-exponential function model to extract thermal time constants. The transient response curve is divided into three layers and expressed by three exponential functions. Each layer is associated with a particular thermal time constant, thermal resistance, and thermal capacitance. It is found that the thermal time constant of LED package is on the order of 22 to 100 ms. Comparison between the experimental results is carried out to show the design effects on thermal performance of the LED package.
A compact nanosecond pulse generator for DBD tube characterization
Authors: Rai S. K. , Dhakar A. K. , Pal U. N.
Published: March 2018

High voltage pulses of very short duration and fast rise time are required for generating uniform and diffuse plasma under various operating conditions. Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) has been generated by high voltage pulses of short duration and fast rise time to produce diffuse plasma in the discharge gap. The high voltage pulse power generators have been chosen according to the requirement for the DBD applications. In this paper, a compact solid-state unipolar pulse generator has been constructed for characterization of DBD plasma. This pulsar is designed to provide repetitive pulses of 315 ns pulse width, pulse amplitude up to 5 kV, and frequency variation up to 10 kHz. The amplitude of the output pulse depends on the dc input voltage. The output frequency has been varied by changing the trigger pulse frequency. The pulsar is capable of generating pulses of positive or negative polarity by changing the polarity of pulse transformer’s secondary. Uniform and stable homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge plasma has been produced successfully in a xenon DBD tube at 400-mbar pressure using the developed high voltage pulse generator.
Long-range-corrected Rung 3.5 density functional approximations
Authors: Janesko Benjamin G. , Proynov Emil , Scalmani Giovanni , Frisch Michael J.
Published: March 2018

Rung 3.5 functionals are a new class of approximations for density functional theory. They provide a flexible intermediate between exact (Hartree-Fock, HF) exchange and semilocal approximations for exchange. Existing Rung 3.5 functionals inherit semilocal functionals’ limitations in atomic cores and density tails. Here we address those limitations using range-separated admixture of HF exchange. We present three new functionals. LRC-ωΠLDA combines long-range HF exchange with short-range Rung 3.5 ΠLDA exchange. SLC-ΠLDA combines short- and long-range HF exchange with middle-range ΠLDA exchange. LRC-ωΠLDA-AC incorporates a combination of HF, semilocal, and Rung 3.5 exchange in the short range, based on an adiabatic connection. We test these in a new Rung 3.5 implementation including up to analytic fourth derivatives. LRC-ωΠLDA and SLC-ΠLDA improve atomization energies and reaction barriers by a factor of 8 compared to the full-range ΠLDA. LRC-ωΠLDA-AC brings further improvement approaching the accuracy of standard long-range corrected schemes LC-ωPBE and SLC-PBE. The new functionals yield highest occupied orbital energies closer to experimental ionization potentials and describe correctly the weak charge-transfer complex of ethylene and dichlorine and the hole-spin distribution created by an Al defect in quartz. This study provides a framework for more flexible range-separated Rung 3.5 approximations.
Equivalent-circuit model for stacked slot-based 2D periodic arrays of arbitrary geometry for broadband analysis
Authors: Astorino Maria Denise , Frezza Fabrizio , Tedeschi Nicola
Published: March 2018

The analysis of the transmission and reflection spectra of stacked slot-based 2D periodic structures of arbitrary geometry and the ability to devise and control their electromagnetic responses have been a matter of extensive research for many decades. The purpose of this paper is to develop an equivalent Π circuit model based on the transmission-line theory and Floquet harmonic interactions, for broadband and short longitudinal period analysis. The proposed circuit model overcomes the limits of identical and symmetrical configurations imposed by the even/odd excitation approach, exploiting both the circuit topology of a single 2D periodic array of apertures and the ABCD matrix formalism. The transmission spectra obtained through the equivalent-circuit model have been validated by comparison with full-wave simulations carried out with a finite-element commercial electromagnetic solver. This allowed for a physical insight into the spectral and angular responses of multilayer devices with arbitrary aperture shapes, guaranteeing a noticeable saving of computational resources.
Two-dimensional positive column structure with dust cloud: Experiment and nonlocal kinetic simulation
Authors: Zobnin A. V. , Usachev A. D. , Petrov O. F. , Fortov V. E. , Thoma M. H. , Fink M. A.
Published: March 2018

The influence of a dust cloud on the structure of the positive column of a direct current gas discharge in a cylindrical glass tube under milligravity conditions has been studied both experimentally and numerically. The discharge was produced in neon at 60 Pa in a glass tube with a diameter of 30 mm at a discharge current 1 mA. Spherical monodisperse melamine formaldehyde dust particles with a diameter of 6.86 μm were injected into the positive column and formed there a uniform dust cloud with a maximum diameter of 14.4 mm. The shape of the cloud and the dust particle number density were measured. The cloud was stationary in the radial direction and slowly drifted in the axial direction. It was found that in the presence of the dust cloud, the intensity of the neon spectral line with a wavelength by 585.25 nm emitted by the discharge plasma increased by 2.3 times and 2 striations appeared on the anode side of the cloud. A numerical simulation of the discharge was performed using the 2D (quasi-3D) nonlocal self-consistent kinetic model of a longitudinally inhomogeneous axially symmetric positive column [Zobnin et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 113503 (2014)], which was supplemented by a program module performing a self-consistent calculation of dust particle charges, the plasma recombination rate on dust particles, and ion scattering on dust particles. A new approach to the calculation of particle charges and the screening radius in dense dust clouds is proposed. The results of the simulation are presented, compared with experimental data and discussed. It is demonstrated that for the best agreement between simulated and experimental data, it is necessary to take into account the reflection of electrons from the dust particle surface in order to correctly describe the recombination rate in the cloud, its radial stability, and the dust particle charges.
Evaluation of sperm motility with CASA-Mot: which factors may influence our measurements?
Authors: Yeste Marc , Bonet Sergi , Rodríguez-Gil Joan E. , Rivera Del Álamo Maria M.
Published: March 2018

Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) is now routinely used in IVF clinics, animal breeding centres and research laboratories. Although CASA provides a more objective way to evaluate sperm parameters, a significant number of factors can affect these measurements. This paper classifies these factors into four categories: (1) sample and slide (e.g. preincubation time, type of specimen and type of chamber slide); (2) microscope (e.g. light source and microscope stage); (3) hardware and software, including the settings of each system; and (4) user-related factors. We review the effects of the different factors in each category on the measurements made and emphasise the need to take measures to standardise evaluations. The take-home message of the present article is that there are several commercial and useful CASA systems, and all are appropriate for routine analysis. Non-commercial systems may also be good choices when the user needs to adapt the device to specific experimental conditions. In both cases (commercial and non-commercial), it is important that standard protocols are put in place for evaluation, as well as methods to validate the system.
Moral supervenience
Authors: Hattiangadi Anandi
Published: March 2018

It is widely held, even among nonnaturalists, that the moral supervenes on the natural. This is to say that for any two metaphysically possible worldswandw′, and for any entitiesxinwandyinw′, any isomorphism betweenxandythat preserves the natural properties preserves the moral properties. In this paper, I put forward a conceivability argument against moral supervenience, assuming non-naturalism. First, I argue that though utilitarianism may be true, and the trolley driver is permitted to kill the one to save the five, there is a conceivable scenario that is just like our world in all natural respects, yet at which deontology is true, and the trolly driver is not permitted to kill the one to save the five. I then argue that in the special case of morality, it is possible to infer from the conceivability of such a scenario to its possibility. It follows that supervenience is false.
Situating Deliberative Rhetoric in Ancient Greece: TheBouleutêrionas a Venue for Oratorical Performance
Authors: Johnstone Christopher Lyle , Graff Richard J.
Published: March 2018

Our understanding of the origins and early development of Greek rhetoric can be enlarged and sharpened by attending to the specific historical, cultural, and material contexts in which it was embedded. We perceive the cultural meanings and physical challenges of Greek rhetorical practice only to the extent that we consider the actual places and spaces in which it unfolded. This study examines and assesses the bouleutêrion (council house) as a venue for oratorical performance in the ancient Greek world, surveying a range of such buildings and describing their historical contexts, physical settings and configurations, and suitability as oratorical venues.
Psychophysiological effects of audiovisual stimuli during cycle exercise
Authors: Barreto‐Silva Vinícius , Bigliassi Marcelo , Chierotti Priscila , Altimari Leandro R.
Published: March 2018

Immersive environments induced by audiovisual stimuli are hypothesised to facilitate the control of movements and ameliorate fatigue‐related symptoms during exercise. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of pleasant and unpleasant audiovisual stimuli on perceptual and psychophysiological responses during moderate‐intensity exercises performed on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Twenty young adults were administered three experimental conditions in a randomised and counterbalanced order: unpleasant stimulus (US; e.g. images depicting laboured breathing); pleasant stimulus (PS; e.g. images depicting pleasant emotions); and neutral stimulus (NS; e.g. neutral facial expressions). The exercise had 10 min of duration (2 min of warm‐up + 6 min of exercise + 2 min of warm‐down). During all conditions, the rate of perceived exertion and heart rate variability were monitored to further understanding of the moderating influence of audiovisual stimuli on perceptual and psychophysiological responses, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that PS ameliorated fatigue‐related symptoms and reduced the physiological stress imposed by the exercise bout. Conversely, US increased the global activity of the autonomic nervous system and increased exertional responses to a greater degree when compared to PS. Accordingly, audiovisual stimuli appear to induce a psychophysiological response in which individuals visualise themselves within the story presented in the video. In such instances, individuals appear to copy the behaviour observed in the videos as if the situation was real. This mirroring mechanism has the potential to up‐/down‐regulate the cardiac work as if in fact the exercise intensities were different in each condition.
The electrocardiographic manifestations of athlete's heart and their association with exercise exposure
Authors: Bessem Bram , De Bruijn Matthijs C. , Nieuwland Wybe , Zwerver Johannes , Van Den Berg Maarten
Published: March 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to define the minimum amount of exercise per week (‘current exposure’) and the total amount of exercise (‘lifetime exposure’) needed to lead to the electrocardiographic changes fitting athlete's heart. Methods: All the pre‐participation screenings (including electrocardiograms (ECGs)) from collegiate athletes performed at University Sports Medical Center in 2013 and 2014 were collected. Data on height, weight, sex, age, current sport(s) participation and lifetime sport(s) participation were collected. Current exposure was categorised into 0–3, 3–6, 6–10 and >10 hours/week. Lifetime sport exposure was divided into five categories: 0–1000, 1001–2000, 2001–3000, 3001–4000 and >4000 hours. Results: The study population consisted of 1229 athletes (current exposure) and 1104 athletes (lifetime exposure). Current sport exposure: There was a significant increase in training‐related ECG changes in the category 3–6 vs. <3 hours/week. When looking at individual parameters, we found an association with a significant difference in sinus bradycardia and QRS voltage (<3 vs. 3–6 hours/week) and first‐degree AV‐block (<3 vs. >10 hours/week).Lifetime sport exposure: There was an increase in training‐related ECG changes that reached significance at an exposure >3000 hours. When looking at individual parameters, we found an association with a significant difference in sinus bradycardia (0–1000 vs. 2001–3000), QRS voltage (0–1000 vs. 3001–4000) and first‐degree AV‐block (0–1000 vs. >4000). Conclusion: A minimum of ≥3 hours/week of current exposure and a lifetime exposure of >3000 hours is needed to lead to the electrocardiographic changes fitting athlete's heart.
Effects of tennis play on executive function in 6–11‐year‐old children: a 12‐month longitudinal study
Authors: Ishihara Toru , Mizuno Masao
Published: March 2018

The present study aimed to assess the effects of 12 months of frequent tennis play on executive functions and the relationships of daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), physical competence, and enjoyment of playing tennis to executive functions in children. Thirty‐two children (6–11 years old) who had regularly played tennis (once a week; mean = 3 years, range = 0–6 years) before the study were enrolled in a 12‐month intervention. Participants were allocated into two groups: low‐dose (maintain current frequency of tennis play, N = 19) or high‐dose (increased frequency of tennis play to four times per week, N = 13). Participants’ MVPA, physical competence, enjoyment of playing tennis, and executive functions (i.e. inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were evaluated before and after this intervention. The high‐dose group demonstrated a greater improvement in working memory than the low‐dose group, while there was no group difference in MVPA, physical competence, and enjoyment of playing tennis. Changes in MVPA were associated with improvements in cognitive flexibility. Changes in physical competence were associated with improvements in working memory and cognitive flexibility. Changes in the enjoyment of playing tennis were associated with improvements in inhibitory control. The current findings suggest that replacement of MVPA with sports activity, such as tennis enhances executive functions development, and suggest that sports programmes that seek to build competence and enjoyment might help support the development of executive functions in children.
Sex differences in wheelchair propulsion biomechanics and mechanical efficiency in novice young able‐bodied adults
Authors: Chaikhot Dhissanuvach , Taylor Matthew J. D. , Hettinga Florentina J.
Published: March 2018

An awareness of sex differences in gait can be beneficial for detecting the early stages of gait abnormalities that may lead to pathology. The same may be true for wheelchair propulsion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sex on wheelchair biomechanics and mechanical efficiency in novice young able‐bodied wheelchair propulsion. Thirty men and 30 women received 12  min of familiarisation training. Subsequently, they performed two 10‐m propulsion tests to evaluate comfortable speed (CS). Additionally, they performed a 4‐min submaximal propulsion test on a treadmill at CS, 125% and 145% of CS. Propulsion kinetics (via Smartwheel) and oxygen uptake were continuously measured in all tests and were used to determine gross mechanical efficiency (GE), net efficiency (NE) and fraction of effective force (FEF). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed directly after each trial. Results indicated that CS for men was faster (0.98 ± 0.24 m/s) compared to women (0.71 ± 0.18 m/s). A lower GE was found in women compared to men. Push percentage, push angle and local RPE were different across the three speeds and between men and women. NE and FEF were not different between groups. Thus, even though their CS was lower, women demonstrated a higher locally perceived exertion than men. The results suggest sex differences in propulsion characteristics and GE. These insights may aid in optimising wheelchair propulsion through proper training and advice to prevent injuries and improve performance. This is relevant in stimulating an active lifestyle for those with a disability.
Differential effects of attentional focus strategies during long‐term resistance training
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad Jon , Vigotsky Andrew , Contreras Bret , Golden Sheona , Alto Andrew , Larson Rachel , Winkelman Nick , Paoli Antonio
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using an internal versus external focus of attention during resistance training on muscular adaptations. Thirty untrained college‐aged men were randomly assigned to an internal focus group (INTERNAL) that focused on contracting the target muscle during training (n = 15) or an external focus group (EXTERNAL) that focused on the outcome of the lift (n = 15). Training for both routines consisted of 3 weekly sessions performed on non‐consecutive days for 8 weeks. Subjects performed 4 sets of 8–12 repetitions per exercise. Changes in strength were assessed by six repetition maximum in the biceps curl and isometric maximal voluntary contraction in knee extension and elbow flexion. Changes in muscle thickness for the elbow flexors and quadriceps were assessed by ultrasound. Results show significantly greater increases in elbow flexor thickness in INTERNAL versus EXTERNAL (12.4% vs. 6.9%, respectively); similar changes were noted in quadriceps thickness. Isometric elbow flexion strength was greater for INTERNAL while isometric knee extension strength was greater for EXTERNAL, although neither reached statistical significance. The findings lend support to the use of a mind–muscle connection to enhance muscle hypertrophy.
Motor axon navigation relies on Fidgetin-like 1–driven microtubule plus end dynamics
Authors: Fassier Coralie , Fréal Amélie , Gasmi Laïla , Delphin Christian , Ten Martin Daniel , De Gois Stéphanie , Tambalo Monica , Bosc Christophe , Mailly Philippe , Revenu Céline , Peris Leticia , Bolte Susanne , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie , Houart Corinne , Nothias Fatiha , Larcher Jean-Christophe , Andrieux Annie , Hazan Jamilé
Published: March 2018

During neural circuit assembly, extrinsic signals are integrated into changes in growth cone (GC) cytoskeleton underlying axon guidance decisions. Microtubules (MTs) were shown to play an instructive role in GC steering. However, the numerous actors required for MT remodeling during axon navigation and their precise mode of action are far from being deciphered. Using loss- and gain-of-function analyses during zebrafish development, we identify in this study the meiotic clade adenosine triphosphatase Fidgetin-like 1 (Fignl1) as a key GC-enriched MT-interacting protein in motor circuit wiring and larval locomotion. We show that Fignl1 controls GC morphology and behavior at intermediate targets by regulating MT plus end dynamics and growth directionality. We further reveal that alternative translation of Fignl1 transcript is a sophisticated mechanism modulating MT dynamics: a full-length isoform regulates MT plus end–tracking protein binding at plus ends, whereas shorter isoforms promote their depolymerization beneath the cell cortex. Our study thus pinpoints Fignl1 as a multifaceted key player in MT remodeling underlying motor circuit connectivity.
Fifty years of microtubule sliding in cilia
Authors: King Stephen M. , Sale Winfield S.
Published: March 2018

Motility of cilia (also known as flagella in some eukaryotes) is based on axonemal doublet microtubule sliding that is driven by the dynein molecular motors. Dyneins are organized into intricately patterned inner and outer rows of arms, whose collective activity is to produce inter-microtubule movement. However, to generate a ciliary bend, not all dyneins can be active simultaneously. The switch point model accounts, in part, for how dynein motors are regulated during ciliary movement. On the basis of this model, supported by key direct experimental observations as well as more recent theoretical and structural studies, we are now poised to understand the mechanics of how ciliary dynein coordination controls axonemal bend formation and propagation.
Equine feed contamination and toxicology
Authors: Bischoff Karyn , Moiseff Jennifer
Published: March 2018

Feed as a cause of poisoning in horses can occur on small or large scales. It is challenging to work up cases of suspected feed contamination, but there are resources available to veterinarians and owners. Feed contamination can be chemical or biological. This article focuses on and provides examples of chemical feed contamination including misformulation, adulteration, and natural contaminants. Additionally, recommendations for feed sampling and diagnostic submission, including legal documentation, are included.
Control of Egyptian Broomrape in Processing Tomato: A Summary of 20 Years of Research and Successful Implementation
Authors: Eizenberg Hanan , Goldwasser Yaakov
Published: March 2018

The obligate root parasitic weeds commonly known as broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) cause severe damage to vegetable and field crops worldwide. Efficient control of these parasites is difficult due to their development and attachment to the host plant (via a specialized organ, the haustorium) under the soil surface and to their unique biological traits of massive seed production, facile seed dispersal, germination only under specific conditions, and seed longevity. The major damage inflicted by the parasites takes place underground, making control extremely challenging. Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) is a devastating pest in the Mediterranean basin, parasitizing a wide host crop range, including tomato, sunflower, legumes, and carrot, resulting in severe crop losses. Twenty years of research have led to the development of integrated smart management strategies for combating this parasite in processing tomato fields. In particular, an explicit decision support system (DSS) designated PICKIT has been developed; this DSS is based on predicting parasitism dynamics and employing a range of selective targeted chemical applications (preplanting incorporation, foliar application, and herbigation). In this feature article, we describe the evolution of this research from the laboratory, through greenhouse and experimental field trials, to large scale commercial fields and the successful assimilation of PICKIT into agricultural practice. The use of PICKIT in fields of processing tomatoes in northern Israel has led to effective control of Egyptian broomrape, even in fields with high infestation levels, resulting in a tomato yield increase of an average of 40 tons ha−1 compared with nontreated plots. In 2016, PICKIT was commercially implemented in 33 fields, totaling 400 ha, giving 95% Egyptian broomrape control and tomato yields of 115 to 145 tons ha−1. The outcome of this research is now enabling farmers to grow tomatoes in Egyptian broomrape-infested fields with assured increased yields and hence high profits.
Characteristics of Xanthomonas cucurbitae Isolates from Pumpkins and Survival of the Bacterium in Pumpkin Seeds
Authors: Zhang X. , Babadoost M.
Published: March 2018

This study was conducted to determine characteristics of Xanthomonas cucurbitae, the causal agent of bacterial spot of pumpkin, and survival of the bacterium in pumpkin seeds. Fourteen X. cucurbitae isolates from the north central region of the United States, along with the X. cucurbitae strain 23378 from the American Type Culture Collection, were included in this study. The range of minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for colony development of X. cucurbitae were 4 to 6°C, 24 to 30°C, and 34 to 36°C, respectively. Optimum pH for colony development ranged from 6.5 to 8.0. Leaves of 3-week-old pumpkins ‘Howden’ and ‘Dickinson’ were inoculated with X. cucurbitae isolates (108 CFU/ml). There was a significant difference in the postinoculation periods for appearance of bacterial lesions on the leaves among the isolates; however, there was no significant difference in diameters of the lesions on each of the pumpkin cultivar 7 days after inoculation. Four of the isolates caused significantly larger lesions on ‘Dickinson’ leaves than ‘Howden’ leaves. Naturally infected ‘Howden’ pumpkin and inoculated ‘Dickinson’ pumpkin seeds with X. cucurbitae were stored at 4 and 22°C. X. cucurbitae was isolated from both naturally infected and inoculated seeds 24 months after storage at both 4 and 22°C, and the isolated bacteria were pathogenic.
Three-phase Bone Scintigraphy Can Predict the Analgesic Efficacy of Ketamine Therapy in CRPS
Authors: Sorel Marc , Beatrix Jacques-Christian , Locko Blanche , Armessen Catherine , Domec Anne-Marie , Lecompte Otilia , Boucheneb Sofiane , Harache Benoit , Robert Jacques , Lefaucheur Jean-Pascal
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

The efficacy of ketamine in relieving complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) lacks predictive factors. The value of three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) was assessed for this purpose.

Materials and Methods:

TPBS was performed in 105 patients with unilateral, focal CRPS of type 1 before 5 days of ketamine infusions. Tracer uptake was measured in the region of interest concerned by CRPS and the contralateral homologous region. For the 3 scintigraphic phases (vascular, tissular, and bone phases), an asymmetry ratio of fixation was calculated between the affected and the unaffected sides (vascular phase [VPr], tissular phase [TPr], and bone phase [BPr]). Ketamine efficacy was assessed on pain intensity scores.

Results:

Ketamine-induced pain relief did not correlate with VPr, TPr, and BPr, but with the ratios of these ratios: BPr/TPr (r=0.32, P=0.009), BPr/VPr (r=0.34, P=0.005), and TPr/VPr (r=0.23, P=0.02). The optimum cut-off value for predicting the response to ketamine therapy was >1.125 for BPr/TPr, >1.075 for BPr/VPr, and >0.935 for TPr/VPr. The combination of increased values of BPr/TPr, BPr/VPr, and TPr/VPr was highly significantly associated with ketamine therapy outcome.

Conclusions:

The relative hyperfixation of the radioactive tracer in the limb region concerned by CRPS in phases 2 and 3 versus phase 1 of TPBS correlated positively to the analgesic efficacy of ketamine. This study shows for the first time the potential predictive value of TPBS regarding ketamine therapy outcome. In addition, these results suggest that the analgesic action of ketamine is not restricted to “central” mechanisms, but may also involve “peripheral” mechanisms related to tissue inflammation and bone remodeling.
Sarcopenia Is Predictive of 1-Year Mortality After Acetabular Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Mitchell Phillip M. , Collinge Cory A. , O'Neill David E. , Bible Jesse E. , Mir Hassan R.
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To determine whether sarcopenia is an independent predictor of mortality in geriatric acetabular fractures.

Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Setting:

American College of Surgeons Level I trauma center.

Patients/Participants:

One hundred and forty-six patients over the age 60 with acetabular fractures treated at our institution over a 12-year period.

Main Outcome Measurements:

The primary outcome was 1-year mortality, collected using the Social Security Death Index. We used the psoas:lumbar vertebral index (PLVI), calculated using the cross-sectional area of the L4 vertebral body and the left and right psoas muscles, to assess for sarcopenia.

Results:

Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we found that low PLVI was associated with increased 1-year mortality (P = 0.046) when controlling for age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Injury Severity Score (ISS), smoking status, and associated pelvic ring injury. Increasing age and ISS also showed a relationship with 1-year mortality in this cohort (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). We defined sarcopenia as those patients in the lowest quartile of PLVI. The mortality rate of this cohort was 32.4%, compared with 11.0% in patients without sarcopenia (odds ratio 4.04; 95% confidence interval 1.62–10.1). Age >75 years, ISS >14, and sarcopenia had 1-year mortality rates of 37.1%, 30.9%, and 32.4%, respectively. In patients with all 3 factors, the mortality rate was 90%.

Conclusion:

Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality in elderly patients with acetabular fractures. This study highlights the importance of objective measures to assess frailty in elderly patients who have sustained fractures about the hip and pelvis.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.