bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komatiites: their geochemistry and origins
Authors: Watertion Pedro , Arndt Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Komatiites are ultra-hot ultramafic lavas, largely restricted to the Archaean. They represent an extreme endmember of terrestrial magmatism and challenge our understanding of how mantle melting operates. We briefly introduce this compositionally diverse group of lavas and critically evaluate constraints on their formation. Despite evidence for moderate water contents in some komatiites, the vast majority require an unusually hot mantle source and probably formed by critical melting in dry or ‘damp’ plumes. The low concentrations of incompatible trace elements in most komatiites cannot be explained by residual phases rich in these elements and instead reflect high degrees of partial melting. Constraining the melting pressures of komatiites is complicated by a lack of robust constraints. However, high MgO contents, high degrees of partial melting, and evidence of residual garnet in the formation of Al-depleted komatiites indicate that melting began at considerable depth in the upper mantle, if not within the lower mantle. We combine these constraints to present models for komatiite formation. Al-depleted komatiites are high pressure melts of fertile mantle; they segregated from sources containing residual garnet at pressures >7 GPa and possibly >10 GPa. Al-undepleted komatiites segregated at lower pressures and/or after reaching higher degrees of partial melting. They came from a depleted source that may have formed by low degrees of hydrous melting in the mantle transition zone. Al-enriched, or Ti-depleted komatiites originated from extremely depleted sources. Their melting pressures are difficult to ascertain, but evidence from the Commondale komatiites suggest at least some formed at pressures >10 GPa. Ti-enriched komatiites and post-Archaean komatiites were produced by smaller degrees of melting of variably enriched or depleted sources, with melting conditions comparable to those of modern picrites.
Evidence for infant-directed speech preference is consistent across large-scale, multi-site replication and meta-analysis
Authors: Zettersten Martin , Cox Christopher , Bergmann Christina , Tsui Angeline , Soderstrom Melanie , Mayor Julien , Lundwall Rebecca Allred , Lewis Molly , Kosie Jessica Elizabeth , Kartushina Natalia , Fusaroli Riccardo , Frank Michael C. , Byers-Heinlein Krista , Black Alexis K. , Mathur Maya B
Published: September 2023

There is substantial evidence that infants prefer infant-directed speech (IDS) to adult-directed speech (ADS). The strongest evidence for this claim has come from two large-scale investigations: i) a community-augmented meta-analysis of published behavioral studies and ii) a large-scale multi-lab replication study. In this paper, we aim to improve our understanding of the IDS preference and its boundary conditions by combining and comparing these two data sources across key population and design characteristics of the underlying studies. Our analyses reveal that both the meta-analysis and multi-lab replication show moderate effect sizes (d = 0.35 for both estimates) and that both of these effects persist when relevant study-level moderators are added to the models (i.e., experimental methods, infant ages, and native languages). However, while the overall effect size estimates were similar, the two sources diverged in the effects of key moderators: both infant age and experimental method predicted IDS preference in the multi-lab replication study, but showed no effect in the meta-analysis. These results demonstrate that the IDS preference generalizes across a variety of experimental conditions and sampling characteristics, while simultaneously identifying key differences in the empirical picture offered by each source individually and pinpointing areas where substantial uncertainty remains about the influence of theoretically central moderators on IDS preference. Overall, our results show how meta-analyses and multi-lab replications can be used in tandem to understand the robustness and generalizability of developmental phenomena.
Action observation perspective influences the effectiveness of combined action observation and motor imagery training for novices learning an Osoto Gari judo throw
Authors: Chye Samantha , Chembila Valappil Ashika , Knight Ryan , Greene Andrew , Shearer David , Frank Cornelia , Diss Ceri , Bruton Adam Mark
Published: September 2023

Combined action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) training improves motor skill performance, but limited research has investigated possible moderating factors for this intervention. This study examined the influence of action observation (AO) perspective on the effectiveness of AOMI training for novices learning a ‘shadow’ Osoto Gari judo throw. Thirty novice participants were randomly assigned to AOMI training that displayed egocentric footage (AOMIEGO) or allocentric footage (AOMIALLO) of the Osoto Gari, or Control training. A motor learning design incorporating pre-test (Day 1), acquisition (Days 2-6), post-test (Day 7), and retention-test (Day 14) was adopted. Motor skill performance, self-efficacy, and mental representation structures were recorded as measures of learning. Motor skill performance was improved for all training conditions, with AOMIALLO training reducing error scores for final right hip flexion angle and peak right ankle velocity compared to AOMIEGO training. Self-efficacy increased for all training conditions over time. Both AOMIEGO and AOMIALLO training led to improved functional changes in mental representation structures over time compared to Control training. The findings suggest AOMI training led to improved perceptual-cognitive scaffolding, irrespective of AO perspective, and offer some support for the use of AOMIALLO training to facilitate novice learning of complex, serial motor skills in sport.
The 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship: Road to Review
Authors: Acharya Mahesh
Published: September 2023

After much wrangling for decades, Nepal and India have finally spearheaded in the direction to revise officially perhaps the most controversial treaty between them. Kathmandu and New Delhi have constituted a joint Eminent Persons Group (EPG) in early 2016 to review the past treaties and agreements and submit recommendations to the respective governments so that they befit the current realities. The Indo-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed in 1950 which has been a perennial irritant from the early years of its inception, is undoubtedly the major agenda on the table. There would be hardly disagreement that it could be a good starting point in the direction to quell the deeply ingrained mutual distrust but much will depend on the political will of both the capitals as the recommendations of EPG will not be obligatory. The paper will examine the different facets of the Treaty which both the parties see the need to review, and explore the reasons which held New Delhi and Kathmandu back for whopping sixty seven years to traverse the road to the review.
flempar: An R-package for analyzing data from the Flemish Parliament
Authors: Willems Evelien , Heylen Frederik
Published: September 2023

This note introduces flempar, an R-package designed to streamline data acquisition from the Flemish Parliament’s open data API. flempar provides an interface that allows for easy extraction and linking of data, ranging from details of parliamentary proceedings to legislators’ bibliographies. The package aims to reduce the complexity of navigating the numerous API endpoints and the unnesting of the data objects, allowing users to focus on actually working with the data. Implemented in R, the package offers broad applicability for scholars, journalists, and data scientists interested in Flemish parliamentary activities. We provide a comprehensive guide to the package’s installation, scope, and data extraction workflow.
Gender differences in the patterns and consequences of changing research directions in scientific careers
Authors: Zhang Lin , Qi Fan , Sivertsen Gunnar , Liang Liming , Campbell David
Published: September 2023

Changes of research directions in scientific careers are related to the so-called “essential tension” between exploration of new knowledge and exploitation of established knowledge in research and innovation. Changes of research directions are thereby assumed to influence the evolution of science in general. Research has shown that such changes may also affect the success of individual scientists in their careers. However, the gender dimension of this aspect of career development is so far understudied. There is also need for more dynamic indicators to record and interpret career developments in macro data. This study combines the gender perspective with the introduction of new indicators. We selected more than 29,000 scientists in Physics & Astronomy and studied them over six decades using a bibliographic dataset from Scopus. We find that women are less likely to change research directions than their men counterparts, and that the research performance of women is less negatively affected by changing research directions. We discuss the policy implications of these findings as well as the methodological advancement related to the new indicators of career development.
Firearm Ownership and Support for Political Violence in the United States: Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Wintemute Garen , Crawford Andrew , Robinson Sonia , Tomsich Elizabeth A. , Reeping Paul M , Schleimer Julia , Pear Veronica A.
Published: September 2023

Background: Firearm violence and firearm purchasing have both increased markedly in recent years, and support for violence to advance political objectives (political violence) has become common. This study aims to determine whether firearm owners and nonowners differ in their support for and willingness to engage in political violence and whether, among owners, support varies with type(s) of firearms owned, recency of purchase, and frequency of carrying outside the home.Design, Setting, Participants: Cross-sectional nationally representative survey of US adults conducted May 13 to June 2, 2022 of adult members of the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, with oversamples of firearm owners and other populations of interest.Main Outcomes and Measures: Weighted proportions endorsing violence (“physical force strong enough that it could cause pain or injury to a person”) to advance political objectives. Principal comparisons are between firearm owners and nonowners without firearms at home; secondary comparisons among owners are based on type(s) of firearm owned, recency of latest purchase (2020 or later, 2019 or earlier), and frequency of firearm carrying outside the home.Results: The analytic sample comprised 12,851 respondents: 5820 (45.3%) firearm owners, 6132 (47.7%) nonowners without firearms at home, and 899 (7.0%) nonowners with firearms at home. After weighting, half of the respondents (51.0%, 95% CI 49.9%, 52.1%) were female; 62.6% (95% CI 61.5%, 63.8%) were white, non-Hispanic; mean (SD) age was 48.5 (18.0) years. Owners were more likely than nonowners without firearms at home to consider violence usually or always justified to advance at least 1 of 17 specific political objectives (owners: 38.8%; 95% CI, 37.3%, 40.4%; nonowners without firearms at home: 29.8%; 95% CI, 28.5%, 31.2%). For some individual objectives, nonowners without firearms at home justified violence more frequently than owners did. Owners were generally not more willing than nonowners without firearms at home to engage directly in political violence. Recent purchasers, always/nearly always carriers, and to a lesser extent owners of assault-type rifles were more supportive than other firearm owners of political violence and more willing to engage in it. Conclusions and Relevance: Differences between firearm owners as a whole and nonowners without firearms at home were small to moderate when present and were often absent. Results for several subsets of owners suggest an increased risk for participation in political violence. The findings of this study should help guide efforts to prevent political violence.
What polarizes citizens? An explorative analysis of 817 attitudinal items from a non-random online panel in Germany
Authors: Teney Céline , Pietrantuono Giuseppe , Wolfram Tobias
Published: September 2023

Various studies point to the lack of evidence of distributive opinion polarization in Europe. As most studies analyse the same item batteries from international social surveys, this lack of polarization might be due to an item’s issue (e.g., the nature or substance of an item) or item formulation characteristics used to measure polarization. Based on a unique sample of 817 political attitudinal items asked in 2022 by respondents of a non-random online panel in Germany, we empirically assess the item characteristics most likely to lead to distributive opinion polarization – measured with the Van der Eijk agreement index. Our results show that only 20% of the items in our sample have some – at most moderate – level of opinion polarization. Moreover, an item’s salience in the news media before the survey data collection, whether an item measures attitudes toward individual financial and non-financial costs, and the implicit level of knowledge required to answer an item (level of technicality) are significantly associated with higher opinion polarization. By contrast, items measuring a cultural issue (such as issues on gender, LGTBQI+, and ethnic minorities) and items with a high level of abstraction are significantly associated with a lower level of polarization. Our study highlights the importance of reflecting on the potential influence of an item’s issue and item formulation characteristics on the empirical assessment of distributive opinion polarization.
Fame: Its Character, Acquisition, and Loss
Authors: Cohen Joseph Nathan
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the concepts of "fame" and "celebrity" and reviews recent social scientific research that might shed light on the processes that cause someone to gain or lose fame. It explores the concepts of fame and celebrity, how they are measured, and their evolution through time. It contemplates various explanations for how individuals become famous, including achievement, hype, charisma, status, becoming a symbol, and enterprise development, which often involves the adoption of marketing and consumer product business-like strategies. It discusses how celebrities stay relevant, how they can fade into obscurity, and the effects of cancellation and stigma on their fame.
A transferência de tecnologia em controle biológico pelo PROBIO do Instituto Biológico
Authors:   , Costa Aryane Rosa da
Published: September 2023

O controle biológico é uma área de pesquisa e inovação na agropecuária brasileira que tem se expandido nos sistemas de produção animal e vegetal, e contribuído para a adoção de técnicas sustentáveis em equilíbrio socioambiental e socioeconômico. Por ser uma área de integração em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação (PD&I), o presente projeto caracteriza as estratégias de transferência de conhecimento em controle biológico realizadas pelo Programa de Inovação e Transferência de Tecnologia em Controle Biológico (PROBIO) do Instituto Biológico, vinculado à Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em caráter qualitativo e quantitativo em suas etapas de execução. A primeira apoiada em método bibliométrico explorou o controle biológico em monografias, teses, dissertações e artigos reunidos em diferentes bases de informações, para analisar a evolução técnico-científica nacional em controle biológico e a participação do Instituto Biológico, para o período de 1950 a 2021. Na segunda fase foi realizada a pesquisa documental que apoiou a caracterização do controle biológico no Instituto Biológico e a estruturação do PROBIO. E a última etapa contemplou a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e alicerçadas no Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), com pesquisadores vinculados ao programa e com representantes de três organizações parceiras, ofereceram as informações para analisar a condução do PROBIO. Os resultados apontam que a geração de conhecimento científico em controle biológico está nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, e em expansão para as outras regiões do país, e as pesquisas são organizadas em duas principais linhas: Agronomia e Entomologia. Quanto à participação do Instituto Biológico é colocada como organização de referência em soluções significativas para o agronegócio e avanço do controle biológico, como suas ações integradas ao histórico dos bioinsumos no Brasil e à formação de pessoas em trajetória de contribuições também alinhadas a atividades do Instituto Biológico. As entrevistas e os documentos institucionais traçaram o histórico do PROBIO, apontando pontos positivos como o envolvimento com empresas nacionais e internacionais no suporte técnico e o interesse no uso das cepas para formulação de diferentes bioinsumos. E outros pontos a serem melhorados envolvendo comunicação e divulgação interna entre os pesquisadores do programa e no Instituto, assim como criar mecanismos de comunicação e ampliar o acesso à informação, serviços e tecnologias aos diferentes interessados, os produtores, as cooperativas e empresários.
Caracterização de um novo agente causal associado a manchas cloróticas em citros
Authors:   , Rodrigues Mariane da Costa
Published: September 2023

Na década de 1930, a leprose dos citros (LC) e a clorose zonada dos citros (CZ), duas doenças que causam sintomas cloróticos e/ou necróticos em citros e que posteriormente tiveram sua transmissão associada a ácaros do gênero Brevipalpus, foram descritas no Brasil. No entanto, enquanto a LC é sabidamente causada por vários vírus dos gêneros Cilevirus e Dichorhavirus e é atualmente a principal doença viral que afeta a citricultura no país, a CZ parece ser de rara ocorrência e seu agente causal ainda permanece desconhecido. Neste trabalho estudamos amostras de citros com sintomas cloróticos semelhantes aos de LC e CZ, mas que resultaram negativas em ensaios de RT-PCR com iniciadores específicos para a detecção de vírus que causam LC. Entretanto, fragmentos de tamanho esperado foram obtidos com iniciadores degenerados para a detecção de membros da família Kitaviridae. As análises incluíram a identificação e caracterização dos vírus presentes em amostras de citros (Citrus spp.) do Espírito Santo, Bahia e Santa Catarina, coletadas entre 2016 e 2022, e a sua comparação com o possível agente causal da CZ descrito no século passado em amostras de citros conservadas no Herbário do Instituto Biológico, coletadas no estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 1933 e 1965. A partir do sequenciamento de alto rendimento (HTS) de amostras selecionadas foi possível identificar a presença do hibiscus green spot virus 2 (HGSV2) (gênero Higrevirus, família Kitaviridae), confirmando a relação causal entre esse kitavírus e a CZ. Os ensaios biológicos comprovaram a transmissão de isolados brasileiros do HGSV2 por Brevipalpus papayensis e B. yothersi através da infestação de plantas sadias de Arabidopsis thaliana. O presente trabalho, além de descrever a identificação do agente causal da CZ, relata pela primeira vez a presença de um higrevírus na América continental, amplia o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de kitavírus que afetam a produção de citros no Brasil, revela uma organização genômica distinta dentro do gênero Higrevirus e demonstra a transmissão vetorial de um de seus membros.
Seleção de ácaros predadores do gênero Euseius (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) com alta capacidade de predação de Brevipalpus yothersi BAKER (ACARI: TENUIPALPIDAE) e resistência a acaricidas
Authors:   , Hesketh Patrícia Magnaboschi
Published: September 2023

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de citros, sendo o maior fornecedor de suco de laranja do mundo. Um dos principais problemas fitossanitários da cultura é a leprose dos citros, causada por CiLV-C transmitida por ácaros da espécie Brevipalpus yothersi Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Os ácaros predadores das espécies Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma e Euseius concordis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) são importantes inimigos naturais do ácaro-da-leprose, Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), nos pomares cítricos do estado de São Paulo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi selecionar ácaros predadores fitoseídeos resistentes a diferentes grupos de agroquímicos e com alta capacidade de predação de B. yothersi, para uso em progamas de manejo integrado de pragas em citros no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos foram: 1) Avaliar a suscetibilidade de diferentes populações de E. concordis e E. citrifolius, procedentes de pomares cítricos do estado de São Paulo, aos acaricidas abamectina, fenpropatrina e clorfenapir; 2) Caracterizar a resistência dos ácaros predadores ao acaricida abamectina, incluindo estudos sobre resistência cruzada e mecanismos bioquímicos associados à resistência; 3) Selecionar pelo menos uma linhagem de ácaro predador com elevada resistência a pesticidas e boa capacidade de predação de B. yothersi, para ser utilizada em programas de manejo integrado de pragas em citros no Brasil. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Acarologia do Instituto Biológico, em Campinas, SP. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na suscetibilidade a acaricidas entre populações de E. citrifolius procedentes de pomares cítricos paulistas com diferentes frequências de aplicação de acaricidas. Foram observadas razões de resistência (CL50R÷CL50S) de 15,5 e 3,1 (vezes) para abamectina e clorfenapir, respectivamente, comparando-se populações do ácaro predador coletadas nos municípios de Taquaral (R) e Bofete (S). Estudos em laboratório, utilizando o sinergista butóxido de piperonila (PBO) indicaram o envolvimento de monooxigenases dependentes do citocromo P450 na resistência de E. citrifolius a abamectina. As populações de E. concordis e E. citrifolius coletadas em Taquaral, SP, mostraram-se resistentes a fenpropatrina, com sobrevivência de pelo menos 50% dos ácaros, mesmo para concentrações 95 vezes acima da concentração recomendada do acaricida para uso em citros no Brasil. A população de E. citrifolius de Taquaral (resistente a acaricidas) apresentou elevada capacidade de predação de larvas de B. yothersi, sendo que, cada fêmea adulta do predador consumiu até 49,4 larvas do ácaro-praga por dia.
Estudo da ocorrência de Mycobacterium spp. e Francisella spp. em tilápias-do-Nilo e trutas de água doce e bijupirás de água marinha
Authors:   , Cassiano Luara Lucena
Published: September 2023

Na aquicultura (peixes, répteis, anfíbios e crustáceos), a ocorrência de enfermidades é uma preocupação constante, devido à rápida multiplicação de agentes patogênicos (bactérias, fungos, vírus e parasitas). Por esta razão, medidas adequadas de manejo e sanidade que visam segurança dos alimentos e o controle de patógenos devem ser constantes para o sucesso dessa atividade agropecuária. A Francisella spp. é um gênero bacteriano que causa uma doença granulomatosa conhecida por sua alta mortalidade em tilápia do Nilo cultivada comercialmente. Já o Mycobacterium spp. agente etiológico da tuberculose em peixes, é doença com significativa relevância para a saúde pública, devido ao seu caráter zoonótico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a presença de ambos os gêneros bacterianos em pisciculturas comerciais de tilápia-do-Nilo, bijupirás e trutas localizadas no sudeste do Brasil, por meio de técnicas de histopatologia, isolamento bacteriano, PCR, imunohistoquímica e hibridização in situ. Um total de 128 amostras clínicas (rim, fígado e baço) foram processadas para histologia, isolamento bacteriano, imunohistoquímica usando anticorpos policlonais e hibridização in situ com sondas biotiniladas específicas. Para a PCR, as amostras foram processadas utilizando os mesmos primers utilizados para a hibridização in situ, porém não biotiniladas. Na histologia em relação ao total das amostras, 46% (59/128) apresentaram granulomas, hemorragia em 67,9% (87/128), centros de melanomacrófagos em 85,9% (110/128) e presença de eosinófilos em 59,3% (76/128) no rim, baço e/ou hepatopâncreas. Já pela coloração de Fite-Faraco, 47,6% (61/128) das amostras apresentaram bacilos sugestivos de Mycobacterium. No isolamento bacteriano de Francisella spp., nenhuma das amostras foi positiva, e em relação a Mycobacterium spp., em 6,25% (8/128), das amostras houve crescimento de colônias, sendo identificadas duas espécies: M. fortuitum e M. paragordonae. Ao PCR 28,9% (37/128) e 25% (32/128) das amostras foram positivas, respectivamente para Francisella spp. e Mycobacterium spp. Na imunohistoquímica para Francisella spp. 48,4% (62/128) das amostras apresentaram marcações positivas, e para Mycobacterium spp., 61,7% (79/128). Ao avaliar as amostras por hibridização in situ para Francisella spp., 52,3% (67/128) das amostras apresentaram marcações positivas, e para Mycobacterium spp., 57% (73/128). Portanto, no presente estudo, foi possível verificar a presença dos agentes estudados pelas diversas técnicas empregadas, e ainda identificar a coinfecção entre Francisella spp. e Mycobacterium spp., ressaltando a importância do rastreamento de agentes causadores de doenças granulomatosas, que acarretam perdas econômicas, além de apresentar um alto potencial zoonótico.
Métodos de criação de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) em laboratório e seu uso no controle de artrópodes-praga em cultivos de coqueiro e algodoeiro
Authors:   , Chagas Rafaelly Cristina Mendonça
Published: September 2023

Diversos insetos e ácaros fitófagos causam danos significativos às plantas cultivadas limitando a produção agrícola no Brasil. Entre os insetos-praga, podemos destacar o pulgão do algodoeiro, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), que causa injúrias a muitas espécies de plantas hospedeiras, além de ser vetor de viroses de plantas. Entre os ácaros-praga, o ácaro-rajado, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) é considerado um dos ácaros fitófagos de maior importância para agricultura no mundo. O ácaro-vermelho-das-palmeiras, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), é uma das pragas mais importantes de coqueiro e bananeira em diferentes países. Os crisopídeos (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) são considerados importantes inimigos naturais de um grande número de espécies de insetos e ácaros que atacam plantas cultivadas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi aprimorar os conhecimentos sobre biologia e ecologia do crisopídeo Chrysoperla externa (Hagen), visando o uso deste predador em programas manejo integrado de pragas no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos foram: 1) Estabelecer uma metodologia de criação de C. externa, com baixo custo de produção e menor dependência no uso de presas alternativas (Ephestia kuheniella) para o desenvolvimento do inseto; 2) Avaliar a influência do crisopídeo C. externa sobre os comportamentos de movimentação e oviposição dos ácaros T. urticae e R. indica, em laboratório; 3) Avaliar o comportamento de predação de larvas de C. externa sobre os ácaros-praga T. urticae e R. indica, em laboratório; 4) Avaliar o efeito da liberação de larvas de C. externa em plantas de algodoeiro e coqueiro, sobre o controle biológico de artrópodes- praga (pulgões e ácaros) associados. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas dependências do Laboratório de Acarologia do Instituto Biológico, em Campinas, SP. Alguns ingredientes, como levedura de cerveja e complexo vitamínico, adicionados à dieta larval de C. externa favoreceram o desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência das larvas do crisopídeo. A adição de 20% de ovos de E. kuehniella a uma dieta artificial (a base de fígado de frango, farinha de grão-de-bico, gérmen de trigo e mel), possibilitou o desenvolvimento larval (L3) e pupal de C. externa, com taxas de sobrevivência iguais ou acima de 90%, com redução de custo em torno de 75%, em relação à dieta padrão com 100% de ovos de E. kuehniella.
Identifying Relevant Content to Inform a Comprehensive Indigenous Health Curriculum: A Scoping Review
Authors: Grawbarger Joshua , Goldberg Corey , Shantz William , Kozlov Slava , Hsu Christman , Dano Brendan , Miller Patricia A. , Smith-Turchyn Jenna
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

To identify the entry-level curricular content related to Indigenous health recommended for entry-level physiotherapy (PT) programs in Canada and other similar countries.

Methods:

Design: Scoping review. Procedures: Four electronic databases were searched using the terms physiotherapy, Indigenous health, entry-level curriculum, and their derivatives. Grey literature sources were hand searched and included Canadian PT professional documents, PT Program websites, Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) sources, and a Google search. Data related to curriculum characteristics, methods of delivery, and barriers and facilitators to implementation were extracted from relevant references. Stakeholders reviewed study findings.

Results:

Forty-five documents were included. Documents focused on Indigenous peoples in Canada, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia, and Māori in New Zealand. Canadian PT programs appeared to rely on passive teaching methods while programs in Australia and New Zealand emphasized the importance of partnering and engaging with Indigenous people. Barriers to incorporating indigenous health curriculum included an overcrowded curriculum and difficulty establishing relevance of Indigenous content (i.e., meaning).

Conclusions:

Similarities and differences were found between curricula content and approaches to teaching IH in Canada and the other countries reviewed. Strategies to promote greater engagement of Indigenous people in the development and teaching of IH is recommended.
Ensuring food security as the most important factor of socio-economic development of regions
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Smolensk branch), Smolensk, Russia, Prokhorenkov Pavel A. , Kirsanova Olesya G. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Smolensk branch), Smolensk, Russia, Reger Tatiana V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Smolensk branch), Smolensk, Russia
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of studying the system of socio-economic indicators that characterize the food security of the regions. The analysis and studies of indicators were carried out on the example of the regions of the Central federal district. The calculations are based on Rosstat data for the period from 2015 to 2020. The methods of mathematical statistics and correlation analysis were used as research methods. To perform calculations and visualize data, the RStudio interactive statistical analysis environment with the ggcorrplot graphics package was used. The paper explores approaches to assessing food security and defines a system of indicators used in most of the considered methods. For the study, the food self-sufficiency indicator, the actual consumption indicator, the poverty indicator, the real consumption indicator, and the Gini indicator were selected. The analysis of the dynamics of the level of actual consumption for the period under review did not reveal significant changes. At the same time, a comparative analysis of this indicator for 2020 by individual regions indicates an uneven distribution across all main types of food. For the seventeen regions considered in the work, calculations, and analysis of the self-sufficiency of the regions for the five most important food products were performed. In accordance with the data obtained, three groups of regions with high, sufficient, and low self-sufficiency in food products were identified. To eliminate the redundancy of a set of indicators for a general assessment of food security, a correlation analysis of the interdependence of indicators was performed in the work, which made it possible to limit the number of indicators under consideration without losing the information content of the model. An important value in assessing the availability of food is played by the indicator of monetary income of the population. Calculations showed a high degree of correlation of this indicator with the indicator of actual consumption. The results obtained in the study reflect the importance of food self-sufficiency in the regions, and the system of indicators considered allows us to provide objective information about the situation in this area.
Efficiency assessment and its control as a type of services provided by auditors for economic entities of the commercial sector
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Egorova Irina S.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems of evaluating and controlling the effectiveness of commercial sector organizations, as well as the possibilities of their implementation both within the framework of control measures conducted by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, and within the framework of mandatory audit and other tasks that provide confidence, other than audits and reviews of past periods conducted by audit organizations and individual auditors.
Accounting and analytical mechanism of targeted financing of agricultural consumer cooperatives
Authors:   Bashkir State Agricultural University, Ufa, Russia, Nigmatullina Gulnara R. , Gusmanov Rasul U. ,   Bashkir State Agricultural University, Ufa, Russia, Salimova Guzel A. ,   Bashkir State Agricultural University, Ufa, Russia, Ten Anatoly Dm. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Khashir Aslan A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2023

In an agricultural consumer cooperative, private and general forms of ownership are combined. The cooperative’s activities are based on the principles of mutual assistance, democracy, equality, justice and solidarity. Small forms of management, providing about half of all agricultural products of the country, are experiencing a number of difficulties, including lack of monetary resources, outdated material and technical base, difficulties with storage and processing of raw materials. The article considers the mechanism of accounting and analytical work with the means of targeted financing. Detailing in the accounting of financing means leads to transparency and similarity of accounting. The relationship between the state and the cooperative is quite regulated and requires appropriate registration in accounting and reporting.
Peculiarities of regulation of lease relations of state and municipal agricultural lands in the Central Chernozem Economic region
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Polunin Gennadiy A. , Osipova Alla V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Kvochkin Alexander N. ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Tambov region, Russia, Skvortsov Vsevolod V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2023

The article examines the results of bidding for 2021-2022 for the right to conclude a lease agreement for agricultural land plots owned by the state or municipal in the Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk and Tambov regions representing the Central Chernozem Economic Region of Russia (CER). The analysis of the information posted on the state portal in the unified information system of the Russian Federation made it possible to assess the scale of transactions in these subjects of the Russian Federation on the basis of groupings of land plots sold at auction, by area, lease term, form of ownership. The results of past and failed transactions, transactions with one participant for the right to conclude a lease agreement are considered. The comparison of the initial and final rent for the lease of land plots per 1 hectare is carried out. The values of indicators that characterize the rental market – the capitalization coefficient and the capitalization period - have been studied during the auction. The participation and activity of legal entities, peasant (farmer) farms, and individuals in auctions for the right to conclude a land lease agreement are evaluated. The role of rent in the formation of the revenue part of the budgets of the studied subjects of the Federation is shown.
AI application in journalism: ChatGPT and the uses and risks of an emergent technology
Authors: Gutiérrez-Caneda Beatriz , Vázquez-Herrero Jorge , López-García Xosé
Published: September 2023

AI integration in media newsrooms is changing professional routines, required profiles and journalistic products. The acceleration in the development of this technology since the end of 2022 makes it necessary to review these tools in order to analyse their uses and risks, as well as their possible applications in the journalistic field. OpenAI launched ChatGPT in November 2022 open to the public. This tool has been a key element in this technological revolution. This paper analyses ChatGPT applications in journalistic newsrooms through its introduction during a working day in the routine of different professionals. A mixed methodology was used to carry out this experience: a benchmarking of AI tools applied to journalism was created, a walkthrough experience was carried out with ChatGPT and, based on the results obtained in these first two phases, the experiment with journalists was designed. A total of 12 journalists of different ages and sectors with little or no previous contact with technological tools based on artificial intelligence, as the aim of the study is to observe the application in newsrooms without the need for technical training, participated in this research. The results show the usefulness of the tool to automate mechanical processes, rewrite texts, analyse data and even serve as a content idea creator. On the other hand, journalists have also perceived significant risks such as inaccuracy of AI as well as lack of ‘empathy’.
Development of renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and clinical implications
Authors: Denova L.
Published: September 2023

CKD is a global health concern with significant implications for patients' well-being, morbidity, and mortality. The underlying mechanism of CKD development often involves progressive interstitial fibrosis. Understanding the processes and factors influencing fibrogenesis is crucial. This review aims to analyze recent literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms, early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of renal fibrosis in CKD patients. It explores various aspects of kidney fibrogenesis, highlighting key pathogenic factors and signaling pathways that warrant further investigation.

The review emphasizes the potential of urinary uromodulin (uUmod) as a biomarker for early renal fibrosis diagnosis and delves into the role of anemia, kidney hypoxia, vitamin D, and unique aspects of fibrosis development in diabetic kidney disease patients. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as a strategy for fibrosis prevention and attenuation.
Examining It-Based Human Resources Strategies in Islamic Higher Education and Islamic Boarding Schools In Indonesia
Authors: Musyaffa A A , Muktamar B Ahmad , Ichsan Ichsan , Yuli Setianto Akbar , Hasanah Mila
Published: September 2023

This study examines IT-based HR development strategies in Islamic higher education and boarding schools in Indonesia, focusing on the Faculty of Tarbiyah at Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin, Jambi. It also explores the integration of IT in primary school teacher of education training programs. The research employed interviews, surveys, and document analysis using a case study approach. Participants included faculty members, administrators, students, and teachers/administrators from selected Islamic boarding schools. The findings show the faculty's progressive integration of IT-based HR development strategies. These include Learning Management Systems (LMS), online training modules, virtual classrooms, and educational apps. These tools improve instruction, student engagement, and administrative efficiency. The study also highlights the inclusion of IT in basic school teacher education training programs. Incorporating IT skills into the curriculum is crucial for prospective teachers to effectively use educational technologies in their classrooms. This research enhances the understanding of IT-based HR development strategies in Indonesia's Islamic higher education and boarding schools. It guides educational institutions and policymakers for better integration of IT in teacher education programs, promoting effective HR development strategies, and improving overall educational quality.
The Ancient Origin of HIV
Authors: Sergiev V. P.
Published: September 2023

Analysis of scientific publications is revealed that HIV transmission been present among humans for centuries or thousand years. This evidence had been proved by molecular and genetic methods. Additionally, to molecular methods the fact been proved by the presence in humans of a perfect genetic defense against HIV. There is a long co-evolution between humans and their pathogens needed to develop genetic defense mechanisms.
Information Support of Investor Behavior in the Stock Market
Authors: GERASYMENKO S.
Published: September 2023

The Ukrainian stock market being at the initial phase of formation, its low performance results in the inattractiveness of the Ukrainian economy for domestic and foreign investment. With poor awareness of theoretical principles underlying stock market operations, participants of the domestic stock market require advanced professional skills and competencies, especially ones related with information support.  

In focus of the article are applications of statistical methods in decision-making by investors in the stock market. A detailed description of the stock market performance in Ukraine is given. The barriers on the way to obtaining comprehensive information on partners, subject of transaction and stock market conjuncture in Ukraine are determined. A scheme of statistical support for stock market analysis and forecasting is proposed; the objectives of statistical analysis of the stock market for various investor categories are outlined; the phases of assessment of the issue’s investment attractiveness are determined, with providing its algorithm. The types and causes of risks immanent in the stock market events are summed up.        

The proposed approach allows for creating and using statistical information to justify the choice of market segment and a particular issuer whose securities, once purchased, should contribute to the investor’s goal. Statistical assessment of phenomena and processes in the stock market and its modeling and forecasting on the appropriate statistical basis will increase the efficiency of investment, which should have a positive impact on the economic development.
The Accounting of Accrual, Taxation and Payment of Yearly Vacation Leaves To Bussiness Enterprise Employees
Authors: YURCHENKO О.
Published: September 2023

Because the early vacation leave is a state guarantee of the constitutional right of an employee for his/her recreation, with the right for vacation leave ensured for employees of all business enterprises, both private and public, including the ones hired by entrepreneurs – physical persons, issues of accounting and payment of vacation leaves to business enterprise employees have the priority status in the payroll accounting. The correctness of calculated compensations, including vacation leaves, is a factor regulating the labor discipline in a business enterprise. 

The article presents the author’s vision of the procedure of accrual, taxation and payment of the yearly vacation leave in a business to business enterprise employees. The types of vacation leaves fixed in the Labor Code of Ukraine are outlined; the duration of vacation leaves by employee category are shown; the need for monitoring the issues related with granting the yearly vacation leave, and the procedure of its accrual, taxation and payment are elaborated on; the phases of documenting the yearly vacation leave in a business enterprise are determined; the algorithm for calculating the yearly vacation leave is demonstrated. Recommendations on improvements in the documenting and recording of calculations of yearly vacation leave due to business enterprise employees are proposed, which are expected to enhance the recording functions of the payroll accountant and increase the quality of analytical information for decision-making purposes.
A possible approach to the synthesis of behavior of robots used in groups
Authors:   Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ermolov Ivan , Khripunov Sergey ,   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2023

This paper studies tactical level of control in multi-agent robotics. We propose to use analytical-synthetic modular approach to synthesize tactics of robots acting in group. Within it we investigate alternative scenarios (i.e. modules) which present separate situations consisting in its turn of primitive action. Within this paper we give an idea regard-ing application of this approach on a base of example of UAVs invasion.
Remembering Salvador Allende
Authors: Kosichev Leonard
Published: September 2023

The article is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the death of Salvador Allende, the President of Chile, who was the first in the world to attempt to move towards socialism by peaceful means, within the framework of a representative democracy. The article explains the reasons of the failure of Chilean "socialist project". The reader will learn how Salvador Allende's last message to the Chilean people was putting on a journalist's tape recorder on “Radio Magallanes” from La Moneda Palace, besieged by the putschists on the day of the military coup on September 11, 1973. The author managed to keep this tape recording during those dramatic days in Santiago. That last Allende’s call to the nation became his political testament.
The relationship of Adiponctin / Leptin ratio with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Turki Kismat M. , Mohammed Suma H. , Abdul-Qahar Zina H.
Published: September 2023

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease caused by abdominal obesity, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acidcatabolism. Adiponectin is exclusively secreted from adipose tissue into the bloodstream. Leptin, a hormone synthesized by fat tissue had been noted to regulate energy balance and metabolism.In this study investigated the relationships of adiponectin/leptin ratio with metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy Iraqi male adults.Objective: This study was designed to investigate the relationship of adiponectin/leptin ratio with metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy Iraqi male adults.Methods: Ninety male subjects were enrolled in study (mean age, 40.97 ± 7.94 years). Serum leptin level and adiponectin level were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. And the presence of metabolic syndrome was assessed.Results: Mean leptinlevel was significantly higher (7.29 ± 0.38 ng/ml), whileadiponectin andadiponectin/leptinratio was significantly lower(4.78 ± 0.24 μg/ml; 0.74 ± 0.07) respectively insubjects with MS. With increasingnumber of metabolic syndrome components, the mean values of leptinincreased and the adiponectin andadiponectin/leptindecreased.Conclusion: adiponectin/leptinratio correlated well with the presence and number of metabolic syndrome components in Iraqi male subjects.