bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A frente de pesquisa na literatura sobre a produtividade dos autores
Authors: Urbizagastegui Ruben
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar, descrever e analisar a frente de pesquisa numa subárea do campo da bibliometria: a produtividade dos autores, conhecida também como a “Lei de Lotka”. Identificaram-se os autores que formam a frente de pesquisa deste campo. Esses autores têm 10 ou mais artigos produzidos, qualificando-os como grandes produtores, e, em alguns casos como produtores moderados. Todos eles tem os trabalhos publicados no idioma inglês, e a grande maioria deles nos periódicos da chamada “corrente principal”, isto é, indexados no Science Citation Index ou no Social Science Citation Index. Verificaram-se a existência de covariação entre o nível de produtividade dos autores, os artigos publicados nos periódicos da chamada “corrente principal” e o idioma da publicação concomitantemente com a frequência de citações. Em outras palavras, para qualificar-se na frente de pesquisa deste campo, o autor tem que ser um grande ou moderado produtor, publicar no idioma inglês e nos periódicos considerados de corrente principal. Fora deste contexto, o uso da informação explicitada na forma de citações fica reduzido a um consumo local.
Identité et valeurs profissionelles: aux fondements de l'éthique de la profession de bibliothécaire
Authors: Dione Bernard
Published: July 2011

Les bibliothèques et les bibliothécaires jouent un rôle essentiel dans la construction d’une société démocratique et éclairée. Toutefois, face aux conflits éthiques auxquels sont de plus en plus confrontés les bibliothécaires, la définition et l’élaboration d’une éthique commune à la profession est une alternative stratégique. Cependant, une éthique partagée par les professionnels des bibliothèques dans la diversité culturelle, sociale, politique et d’horizons divers ne peut que se baser sur les valeurs qui sont aux fondements de l’identité de la profession.
Apropriações e representações sócio-históricas do trinômio leitura - texto - leitor
Authors: Castro César Augusto , Castellanos Samuel Luís Velázquez
Published: July 2011

Diversas concepções estabelecidas entre a leitura, o texto e o leitor são aqui analisadas. Para isso, o ponto de partida é uma perspectiva sócio-histórica, tratando de compreender as estratégias, o desenvolvimento e as transformações nas diversas apropriações da produção cultural e sua influência na formação leitora. Destacam-se alguns dos fatores que intervêm na manipulação dos suportes culturais, expondo as diversas modificações a que foram sujeitadas as formas de ler, as apropriações do sentido dos textos, a produção dos impressos e sua representação no tecido societal. Conclui-se com a situação em que o Maranhão se encontra em relação às práticas leitoras, à literatura, ao livro didático e às formas de ler no contexto escolar e não escolar, destacando a importância que as crenças, as intenções, as atitudes, as expectativas sobre a leitura têm, seja por parte do aluno, seja por parte do professor, para uma prática inovadora na formação leitora e nas diferentes situações do ato de ler.
The CO2 release and Oxygen uptake from Fossil Fuel Emission Estimate (COFFEE) dataset: effects from varying oxidative ratios
Authors: Steinbach J. , Gerbig C. , Rödenbeck C. , Karstens U. , Minejima C. , Mukai H.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. We present a global dataset of CO2 emissions and O2 uptake associated with the combustion of different fossil fuel types. To derive spatial and temporal patterns of oxygen uptake, we combined high-resolution CO2 emissions from the EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) inventory with country level information on oxidative ratios, based on fossil fuel consumption data from the UN energy statistics database. The results are hourly global maps with a spatial resolution of 1°×1° for the years 1996–2008. The potential influence of spatial patterns and temporal trends in the resulting O2/CO2 emission ratios on the atmospheric oxygen signal is examined for different stations in the global measurement network, using model simulations from the global TM3 and the regional REMO transport model. For the station Hateruma Island (Japan, 24°03' N, 123°48' E), the simulated results are also compared to observations. In addition, the possibility of signals caused by variations in fuel use to be mistaken for oceanic signals is investigated using a global APO inversion.
Calibration of hydrological models using flow-duration curves
Authors: Westerberg I. K. , Guerrero J.-L. , Younger P. M. , Beven K. J. , Seibert J. , Halldin S. , Freer J. E. , Xu C.-Y.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The degree of belief we have in predictions from hydrologic models will normally depend on how well they can reproduce observations. Calibrations with traditional performance measures, such as the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency, are challenged by problems including: (1) uncertain discharge data, (2) variable sensitivity of different performance measures to different flow magnitudes, (3) influence of unknown input/output errors and (4) inability to evaluate model performance when observation time periods for discharge and model input data do not overlap. This paper explores a calibration method using flow-duration curves (FDCs) to address these problems. The method focuses on reproducing the observed discharge frequency distribution rather than the exact hydrograph. It consists of applying limits of acceptability for selected evaluation points (EPs) on the observed uncertain FDC in the extended GLUE approach. Two ways of selecting the EPs were tested – based on equal intervals of discharge and of volume of water. The method was tested and compared to a calibration using the traditional model efficiency for the daily four-parameter WASMOD model in the Paso La Ceiba catchment in Honduras and for Dynamic TOPMODEL evaluated at an hourly time scale for the Brue catchment in Great Britain. The volume method of selecting EPs gave the best results in both catchments with better calibrated slow flow, recession and evaporation than the other criteria. Observed and simulated time series of uncertain discharges agreed better for this method both in calibration and prediction in both catchments. An advantage with the method is that the rejection criterion is based on an estimation of the uncertainty in discharge data and that the EPs of the FDC can be chosen to reflect the aims of the modelling application, e.g. using more/less EPs at high/low flows. While the method appears less sensitive to epistemic input/output errors than previous use of limits of acceptability applied directly to the time series of discharge, it still requires a reasonable representation of the distribution of inputs. Additional constraints might therefore be required in catchments subject to snow and where peak-flow timing at sub-daily time scales is of high importance. The results suggest that the calibration method can be useful when observation time periods for discharge and model input data do not overlap. The method could also be suitable for calibration to regional FDCs while taking uncertainties in the hydrological model and data into account.
Geostatistical interpolation of daily rainfall at catchment scale: the use of several variogram models in the Ourthe and Ambleve catchments, Belgium
Authors: Ly S. , Charles C. , Degré A.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Spatial interpolation of precipitation data is of great importance for hydrological modelling. Geostatistical methods (kriging) are widely applied in spatial interpolation from point measurement to continuous surfaces. The first step in kriging computation is the semi-variogram modelling which usually used only one variogram model for all-moment data. The objective of this paper was to develop different algorithms of spatial interpolation for daily rainfall on 1 km2 regular grids in the catchment area and to compare the results of geostatistical and deterministic approaches. This study leaned on 30-yr daily rainfall data of 70 raingages in the hilly landscape of the Ourthe and Ambleve catchments in Belgium (2908 km2). This area lies between 35 and 693 m in elevation and consists of river networks, which are tributaries of the Meuse River. For geostatistical algorithms, seven semi-variogram models (logarithmic, power, exponential, Gaussian, rational quadratic, spherical and penta-spherical) were fitted to daily sample semi-variogram on a daily basis. These seven variogram models were also adopted to avoid negative interpolated rainfall. The elevation, extracted from a digital elevation model, was incorporated into multivariate geostatistics. Seven validation raingages and cross validation were used to compare the interpolation performance of these algorithms applied to different densities of raingages. We found that between the seven variogram models used, the Gaussian model was the most frequently best fit. Using seven variogram models can avoid negative daily rainfall in ordinary kriging. The negative estimates of kriging were observed for convective more than stratiform rain. The performance of the different methods varied slightly according to the density of raingages, particularly between 8 and 70 raingages but it was much different for interpolation using 4 raingages. Spatial interpolation with the geostatistical and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithms outperformed considerably the interpolation with the Thiessen polygon, commonly used in various hydrological models. Integrating elevation into Kriging with an External Drift (KED) and Ordinary Cokriging (OCK) did not improve the interpolation accuracy for daily rainfall. Ordinary Kriging (ORK) and IDW were considered to be the best methods, as they provided smallest RMSE value for nearly all cases. Care should be taken in applying UNK and KED when interpolating daily rainfall with very few neighbourhood sample points. These recommendations complement the results reported in the literature. ORK, UNK and KED using only spherical model offered a slightly better result whereas OCK using seven variogram models achieved better result.
The Tibetan Plateau observatory of plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature (Tibet-Obs) for quantifying uncertainties in coarse resolution satellite and model products
Authors: Su Z. , Wen J. , Dente L. , van der Velde R. , Wang L. , Ma Y. , Yang K. , Hu Z.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. A plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature observatory is established on the Tibetan Plateau for quantifying uncertainties in coarse resolution satellite and model products of soil moisture and soil temperature. The Tibetan Plateau observatory of plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature (Tibet-Obs) consists of three regional scale in-situ reference networks, including the Naqu network in a cold semiarid climate, the Maqu network in a cold humid climate and the Ngari network in a cold arid climate. These networks provide a representative coverage of the different climate and land surface hydrometeorological conditions on the Tibetan plateau. In this paper the details of the Tibet-Obs are reported. To demonstrate the uniqueness of the Tibet-Obs in quantifying and explaining soil moisture uncertainties in existing coarse satellite products, an analysis is carried out to assess the reliability of several satellite products for the Naqu and the Maqu network areas. It is concluded that global coarse resolution soil moisture products are useful but exhibit till now unreported uncertainties in cold and semiarid regions – use of them would be critically enhanced if uncertainties can be quantified and reduced using in-situ measurements.
Weighted complex networks applied to seismicity: the Itoiz dam (Northern Spain)
Authors: Jiménez A. , Luzón F.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. On 18 September 2004, an earthquake of magnitude mbLg = 4.6 was recorded near the Itoiz dam (Northern Spain). It occurred after the first impoundment of the reservoir and has been catalogued by some authors as induced seismicity. We analyzed the seismicity in the region as weighted complex networks and tried to differentiate this event from others that occurred nearby. We calculated the main topological features of the networks formed by the seismic clusters and compared them. We compared the results with a series of simulations, and showed that the clusters were better modelled with the Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model than with random models. We found that the properties of the different clusters are grouped according to the magnitude of the main shocks and the number of events in each cluster, and that no distinct feature could be obtained for the 18 September 2004 series. We found that the nodes with the highest strength are the most important in the networks' traffic, and are associated with the events with the highest magnitude within the clusters.
Evaluation of Strategies to Enhance Community-Based Naloxone Distribution Supported by an Opioid Settlement
Authors: Zang Xiao , Skinner Alexandra , Krieger Maxwell S. , Behrends Czarina N. , Park Ju N. , Green Traci C. , Walley Alexander Y. , Morgan Jake R. , Linas Benjamin P. , Yedinak Jesse L. , Schackman Bruce R. , Marshall Brandon D. L.
Published: May 2024

Importance

Many US states are substantially increasing community-based naloxone distribution, supported in part through settlements from opioid manufacturers and distributors.

Objectives

To evaluate the potential impact of increased naloxone availability on opioid overdose deaths (OODs) and explore strategies to enhance this impact by integrating interventions to address solitary drug use.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This decision analytical modeling study used PROFOUND (Prevention and Rescue of Fentanyl and Other Opioid Overdoses Using Optimized Naloxone Distribution Strategies), a previously published simulation model, to forecast annual OODs between January 2023 and December 2025. The simulated study population included individuals from Rhode Island who misused opioids and stimulants and were at risk for opioid overdose.

Exposures

The study modeled expanded naloxone distribution supported by the state’s opioid settlement (50 000 naloxone nasal spray kits each year). Two approaches to expanding naloxone distribution were evaluated: one based on historical spatial patterns of naloxone distribution (supply-based approach) and one based on the spatial distribution of individuals at risk (demand-based approach). In addition, hypothetical interventions to enhance the likelihood of witnessed overdoses in private or semiprivate settings were considered.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual number of OODs and ratio of fatal to nonfatal opioid overdoses.

Results

Modeling results indicated that distributing more naloxone supported by the state’s opioid settlement could reduce OODs by 6.3% (95% simulation interval [SI], 0.3%-13.7%) and 8.8% (95% SI, 1.8%-17.5%) in 2025 with the supply-based and demand-based approaches, respectively. However, increasing witnessed overdoses by 20% to 60% demonstrated greater potential for reducing OODs, ranging from 8.5% (95% SI, 0.0%-20.3%) to 24.1% (95% SI, 8.6%-39.3%). Notably, synergistic associations were observed when combining both interventions: increased naloxone distribution with the 2 approaches and a 60% increase in witnessed overdoses could reduce OODs in 2025 by 33.5% (95% SI, 17.1%-50.4%) and 37.4% (95% SI, 19.6%-56.3%), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that interventions to address solitary drug use are needed to maximize the impact of continued efforts to increase community-based naloxone distribution, which may be particularly important for jurisdictions that have strong community-based naloxone distribution programs.
Trends in Diagnosed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder in US College Students, 2017-2022
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Du Xue
Published: May 2024

This cross-sectional study investigates trends in the prevalence of diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD) among US college students during a period of increased societal stresses and global health crises from 2017 to 2022.
Transcription‐coupled DNA repair protects genome stability upon oxidative stress‐derived DNA strand breaks
Authors: Yang Haibo , Lan Li
Published: May 2024

Elevated oxidative stress, which threatens genome stability, has been detected in almost all types of cancers. Cells employ various DNA repair pathways to cope with DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Recently, a lot of studies have provided insights into DNA damage response upon oxidative stress, specifically in the context of transcriptionally active genomes. Here, we summarize recent studies to help understand how the transcription is regulated upon DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and how DNA repair pathways are selectively activated at the damage sites coupling with transcription. The role of RNA molecules, especially R‐loops and RNA modifications during the DNA repair process, is critical for protecting genome stability. This review provides an update on how cells protect transcribed genome loci via transcription‐coupled repair pathways.
Recommendations for using analytical anisotropic algorithm and AcurosXB for epidermal dose calculations in breast radiotherapy from an in vivo Gafchromic film study
Authors: Malhotra Aria , Carpentier Emilie E. , Duzenli Cheryl
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

This study recommends clinical epidermal dose calculation methods based on in‐vivo film measurements and registered skin dose distributions with the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) treatment planning system's Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB) dose calculation algorithms.

Materials and methods

Eighteen AAA V13.6 breast plans were recalculated using AXB (dose to medium) V13.5 with the same beam parameters and monitor units as in the original plans. These are compared against in‐vivo Gafchromic film measurements from the lateral and inferior breast regions. Three skin structures in the treatment planning system are evaluated: a surface layer of voxels of the body contour, a 0.2 cm internal skin rind, and a 0.5 cm internal skin rind.

Results

Systematic shifts are demonstrated between the film measurements of skin dose and the Eclipse dose calculations. On average, the dose to the surface layer of pixels is underestimated by AAA by 8% and overestimated by AXB by 3%. A 5 mm skin rind extended into the body can increase epidermal dose calculations on average by 8% for AAA and 4% for AXB.

Conclusion

This is the first study to register in‐vivo skin dose distributions in the breast to the treatment planning system for comparison. Based on the results from this study it is recommended that epidermal dose is calculated with a 0.5 cm skin rind for the AAA algorithm and with rind thickness up to 0.2 cm for the AXB algorithm.
Controlling Propagation Velocity in Al/Ni Reactive Multilayer Systems by Periodic 2D Surface Structuring
Authors: Sauni Camposano Yesenia H. , Jaekel Konrad , Riegler Sascha S. , Matthes Sebastian , Glaser Marcus , Peter Nicolas J. , Vardo Emina , Bartsch Heike , Schwaiger Ruth , Bergmann Jean Pierre , Gallino Isabella , Schaaf Peter
Published: May 2024

The chemical energy released as heat during the exothermic reaction of reactive multilayer systems has shown potential applications in various technological areas, e.g., in joining applications. However, controlling the heat release rate and the propagation velocity of the reaction is required to enhance their performance in most of these applications. Herein, a method to control the propagation velocity and heat release rate of the system is presented. The sputtering of Al/Ni multilayers on substrates with periodic 2D surface structures promotes the formation of growth defects into the system. This modification in the morphology locally influences the reaction characteristics. Tailoring the number of 2D structures in the substrate enables the control of the velocity and maximum temperature of the propagation front. The morphology of the produced reactive multilayers is investigated before and after reaction using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. In addition, the enthalpy of the system is obtained through calorimetric analysis. The self‐sustained and self‐propagating reaction of the systems is monitored by a high‐speed camera and a high‐speed pyrometer, thus revealing the propagation velocity and the temperatures with time resolution in the microsecond regime.
RuAl Thin‐Film Deposition by DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Ott Vincent , Wojcik Tomasz , Kolozsvari Szilard , Polcik Peter , Schäfer Christian , Pauly Christoph , Mücklich Frank , Ulrich Sven , Mayrhofer Paul H. , Riedl Helmut , Stüber Michael
Published: May 2024

The intermetallic transition metal B2‐structured aluminide RuAl is a candidate material for use in various applications, including microelectronics and structural materials under demanding conditions, for example, as oxidation‐ and corrosion‐resistant materials. In contrast to other B2 transition metal aluminides, which usually suffer from brittle material behavior at room temperature, RuAl exhibits comparatively good room‐temperature ductility, in combination with further promising properties. Therefore, RuAl thin films are attracting interest as potential protective and functional surface engineering materials. The synthesis of RuAl thin films by physical vapor deposition, especially magnetron sputtering, is however complex and utilizes codeposition and multilayer from elemental sputtering targets and subsequent annealing procedures. Herein, an alternative route toward single‐phase B2‐structured RuAl thin films by nonreactive DC magnetron sputter deposition at low substrate temperature from a powdermetallurgically manufactured Ru50Al50 compound target is described. The influence of the deposition parameters on the constitution, microstructure, and selected properties of RuAl thin films is studied. It is shown that especially the Ar process gas pressure has a significant impact on their composition and morphology. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy with selected‐area electron diffraction indicate that the films are single‐phase RuAl with B2 structure.
Mechanical Ignition of Al/Ni Reactive Multilayer Systems: Influence of Impacting Material, Its Properties, and Geometric Characteristics
Authors: Graske Marcus , Sauni Camposano Yesenia Haydee , Vardo Emina , Matthes Sebastian , Schaaf Peter
Published: May 2024

Al/Ni reactive multilayer systems (RMS) with a bilayer thickness of and total thickness μm on a SiO substrate exhibit a self‐propagating reaction after ignition. A common method to initiate the self‐propagating reaction is by electric spark ignition. Herein, RMS are ignited by a mechanical impact using various materials with indeterminate geometries to investigate the basic mechanisms. SiO2, glass, PMMA, and resin‐bonded SiC particles are used as impacting material with different geometrical impact areas. The used materials are placed on top of the RMS and a mechanical impulse is applied. The ignition behavior of the RMS is subsequently evaluated and classified. Additionally, the impacted RMS are examined by microscopy to reveal the damage pattern. By correlating particle size and spacing of the penetrating materials, an ignition threshold can be established. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the energy input threshold can be reduced through a strategic distribution of particles within the impacting and penetrating geometry. This provides valuable insights into the mechanical ignition fundamental and supports future applications of mechanical ignition of RMS.
SnO2 Surface Modification and Perovskite Buried Interface Passivation by 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Qing , Meng Xiangxin , Liu Gang , Duan Shaocong , Hu Die , Shen Bo , Kang Bonan , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: May 2024

Flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received great attention due to their low weight, high power ratio, and potential applications in wearable electronic products. The efficiency and stability of flexible PSCs are directly affected by the carrier extraction and transport capabilities of electron transport layer. Herein, efficient flexible PSCs are prepared through incorporating 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) multifunctional intermediate layer between tin oxide (SnO2) and perovskite, which can effectively eliminate defects at the interfacial to increase the electron mobility of the SnO2 layer, modify the surface of SnO2 to shift the conduction band upward to improve interface charge extraction, passivate the buried interface of perovskite to induce larger perovskite crystal growth, and establish a bridge between SnO2 and perovskite to improve charge collection efficiency. As a result, the rigid PSCs with FDCA display a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.53% with a high open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.204 V. Furthermore, the flexible device with FDCA achieves a high PCE of 22.10%, and preserve 90% of its initial PCE after aging for 500 h at ambient condition without encapsulation, and maintain 81% of its original PCE after 10,000 bending cycles.
Distributed Feedback Lasing in Thermally Imprinted Phase‐Stabilized CsPbI3 Thin Films
Authors: Kurahashi Naho , Runkel Manuel , Kreusel Cedric , Schiffer Maximilian , Maschwitz Timo , Kraus Timo , Brinkmann Kai Oliver , Heiderhoff Ralf , Buchmüller Maximilian , Schumacher Sven Oliver , Brunner Julius , Rogalla Detlef , Özen Sercan , Lang Felix , Vaynzof Yana , Görrn Patrick , Riedl Thomas
Published: May 2024

All‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, with X = I, Br, Cl) are of great interest for light‐emitting diodes and lasers, as they promise improved thermal stability compared to their organic–inorganic analogues. However, among this family of materials, CsPbI3 shows a detrimental phase instability that causes the perovskite to convert to a thermodynamically preferred non‐perovskite phase (yellow phase) at room temperature. In fact, reports on lasers using thin films of CsPbI3 as gain medium are missing, as of yet. Here, the first distributed feedback (DFB) lasers based on CsPbI3 thin films are presented with a resonator directly patterned into the perovskite by thermal nanoimprint. This breakthrough is unlocked by the additive polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), that affords the formation of perovskite layers consisting of phase stable γ‐CsPbI3 nanocrystals, that are even preserved during thermal imprint at 170 °C. The DFB lasers show a low lasing threshold of 45 µJ cm−2 at room temperature under optical pumping and a tunable emission in the deep red spectral region between 714.1 to 723.4 nm. It is anticipated that the findings of this work will have a broad relevance for future electrically driven perovskite lasers and for light‐emitting diodes based on CsPbI3 as active medium.
Enhanced and Balanced Carrier Mobility Via n‐Type SnS Dopant Enables High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Fenghua , Yin Yinong , Li Mandi , Liu Yang , Jiang Jun , Li Xiong
Published: May 2024

The unbalanced electron‐hole mobility is the major bottleneck for boosting the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. In this study, 2D n‐type inorganic semiconductor material tin sulfide (SnS) is prepared and introduced into the PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction organic solar cells to improve photovoltaic performance. The incorporation of SnS promotes Y6 crystallization, and renders the face‐on orientation of Y6 molecules dominant. The improved active layer morphology suppresses carrier recombination and strengthens the electron transport. The electron mobility increases significantly from 4.71 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 7.61 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 with the hole/electron mobilities (µh/µe) value reducing from 1.67 to 1.11. With enhanced and balanced carrier mobility, the open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density and fill factor of the SnS‐doped PM6:Y6 organic solar cells are improved simultaneously, and the power conversion efficiency is boosted from 16.66 to 18.50%. Additionally, the SnS doped devices exhibit better thermal and storage stability. The improved photovoltaic performance is further verified in PM6:L8‐BO and D18:Y6 based organic solar cells. This work demonstrates that n‐type SnS dopant is an efficient and universal method to improve photovoltaic performance of non‐fullerene organic solar cells.
Multi‐Functional Interface Passivation via Guanidinium Iodide Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Su Jian , Hu Tao , Chen Xin , Zhang Xianwei , Fang Ning , Hao Jican , Guo Huafei , Jiang Sai , Gu Ding , Qiu Jianhua , Zhang Han , Zhou Ziyao
Published: May 2024

Perovskite solar cells have become a leading contender in next‐generation photovoltaic technologies due to their high efficiency and low‐cost potential. Managing the deep defects present effectively in the crystal lattice and at the interfaces is essential for enhancing the performance and longevity of perovskite solar cells. Here, perovskite's crystallization modulation and interfacial defect passivation are achieved by developing a guanidinium iodide (GAI)‐based surface passivation strategy. The integration of GAI passivates the grain boundaries, leading to a perovskite thin film with a smoother and more uniform grain distribution, facilitating charge carrier transport. Notably, the ammonium group, unsaturated nitrogen atoms, and iodide ions in GAI can collectively repair the surface defects of perovskite through various pathways, effectively suppressing non‐radiative recombination, thereby enhancing the photovoltaic performance of the device. Ultimately, the champion device treated with GAI achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.02% and demonstrates similar ambient stability under unencapsulated conditions. These findings underscore the effectiveness of GAI passivation as a strategy to balance the improvement of the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Rational Designed Metal–Organic Framework with Nanocavity Traps for Selectively Recognizing and Separating of Radioactive Thorium in Rare Earth Wastewater
Authors: Song An‐Min , Yang Meng‐Jie , Wu Zhi , Yang Qing , Lin Bin , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding
Published: May 2024

Facing the complex coexistence of various metal ions in wastewater and mineral resources, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse functionalities and tunable pores are poised to serve as distinctive solutions for efficiently recognizing and selectively separating radioactive thorium (Th(IV)). Herein, a fluorescent MOF (DBT‐DHTA‐Cd) with unique thorium nanocavity traps is rationally designed by using two rigid ligands, including azole and hydroxyl groups, respectively. Notably, the synergistic effect of the appropriate pore size and dense hydroxyl···N nanocavity traps in DBT‐DHTA‐Cd results in selective capture of Th(IV), arising from the high charge density of nano‐trap and extremely low binding energy (Eads = −602.7 KJ mol−1). The fast adsorption kinetics (30 min) and rapid fluorescence response (1 min) of DBT‐DHTA‐Cd toward Th(IV) are attributed to the stronger electron holding capacity of the d and f orbitals belonged to Th(IV), making it more prone to accepting electrons transferred from the N/O active sites in the nano‐trap. As a verification test, tailing breakthrough experiments confirm that DBT‐DHTA‐Cd can efficiently purify Th(IV) from monazite mining solid waste in one step. This work provides profound insights into relationship between structure and property of MOFs and has valuable guidance for designing materials in the radioactive purification field.
Iodinated Cyanoacrylate‐Based Novel Liquid Embolic Compositions with Inherent Radiopacity for Endovascular Embolization
Authors: Jeon Seong Ik , Park Hyun Jae , Cho Hanhee , Hur Saebeom , Kim Young Il , Jae Hwan Jun , Ahn Cheol‐Hee
Published: May 2024

Endovascular embolization is a promising therapeutic approach broadening its application area due to its minimal invasiveness and short operation time, wherein lesional blood vessels are occluded with liquid embolic agents under X‐ray imaging guidance. Histoacryl and its composition with Lipiodol are one of the most widely used liquid embolic agents, however, Histoacryl has critical limitations, such as lack of innate X‐ray visibility and strong adhesion to microcatheter. In this study, three different iodinated cyanoacrylates are newly synthesized as alternatives to Histoacryl and employed to develop liquid embolic compositions. Among them, 4‐iodobutyl 2‐cyanoacrylate (IBCA) is most preferable with high iodine content (730 mgI mL−1) and fast polymerization. The IBCA‐based embolic compositions containing ethyl oleate and acetic acid showed moderate viscosity and reduced catheter adhesiveness (≈0.80 N), and their polymerization time is freely controllable from 2 to 15 s. In the embolization test with rabbit models, the renal artery is successfully occluded by IBCA‐based embolic compositions without vascular recanalization or nontarget embolization for 4 w. Their embolic effect is further evaluated using swine models, demonstrating the practical applicability in the clinic. In conclusion, IBCA and its compositions are determined to have great potential as novel liquid embolic agents.
Millifluidic Nanogenerator Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Device for Blood Electrical Conductivity Monitoring at Low Frequency
Authors: Luo Jianzhe , Lu Wenyun , Jang Daeik , Zhang Qianyun , Meng Wenxuan , Wells Alan , Alavi Amir H.
Published: May 2024

The electrical conductivity of blood is a crucial physiological parameter with diverse applications in medical diagnostics. Here, a novel approach utilizing a portable millifluidic nanogenerator lab‐on‐a‐chip device for measuring blood conductivity at low frequencies, is introduced. The proposed device employs blood as a conductive substance within its built‐in triboelectric nanogenerator system. The voltage generated by this blood‐based nanogenerator device is analyzed to determine the electrical conductivity of the blood sample. The self‐powering functionality of the device eliminates the need for complex embedded electronics and external electrodes. Experimental results using simulated body fluid and human blood plasma demonstrate the device's efficacy in detecting variations in conductivity related to changes in electrolyte concentrations. Furthermore, artificial intelligence models are used to analyze the generated voltage patterns and to estimate the blood electrical conductivity. The models exhibit high accuracy in predicting conductivity based solely on the device‐generated voltage. The 3D‐printed, disposable design of the device enhances portability and usability, providing a point‐of‐care solution for rapid blood conductivity assessment. A comparative analysis with traditional conductivity measurement methods highlights the advantages of the proposed device in terms of simplicity, portability, and adaptability for various applications beyond blood analysis.
Electrospray Deposition for Electronic Thin Films on 3D Freeform Surfaces: From Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Lai Wuxing , Di Linsen , Zhao Chenyang , Tian Yu , Duan Yongqing , Pan Yanqiao , Ye Dong , Jiang Lang , Guo Yunlong , He Gang , Deng Weiwei , Guan Yin , Huang YongAn
Published: May 2024

Electronic thin films play a ubiquitous role in microelectronic devices and especially hold great promise for flexible electronics, energy conversion and storage, and biomedical applications. Their characterizations, including ultra‐thin, large‐scale dimensions, stretchability, and conformal ability to curved or 3D structures, present new challenges for thin film fabrication based on the solution method. Electrospray deposition emerges as a feasible method for fabricating large‐area, flexible, and curved films. It offers many advantages such as material adaptability, controlled atomization, tunable film morphology, and shape retention on complex substrates. These advantages make it a key method for fabricating high‐performance films on large‐area, 3D surfaces. This work presents a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, processes, applications, and equipment of electrospray deposition. First, the fundamental principles of electrospray deposition are introduced, focusing on the mechanisms and scaling laws of liquid atomization. Moreover, the control methods for electrospray modes, structures, and film morphology are discussed. These advanced control methods pave the way for the fabrication of smart skins, wearable devices, and energy conversion and storage components. Finally, this work introduces three types of electrospray deposition manufacturing equipment to illustrate the advantages of electrospray deposition for large‐area, and 3D surface manufacturing.
Novel n–n Type CoCr2O4/NiFe2O4 Heterojunction Photocatalyst: Internal Magnetic Field Control of Photocatalytic Activity, Mechanism Insight and Pathway for Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation
Authors: Gao Huajing , Angadi Jagadeesha , Wang Shifa , Zhou Xianju , Li Li , Yang Hua , Ubaidullah Mohd , Li Dengfeng , Prakash Chander , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F. , Roy Nipa , Joo Sang Woo
Published: May 2024

Herein, a series of CoCr2O4/wt%NiFe2O4(CCO/wt%NFO) composites are successfully synthesized by a simple solution combustion method combined with mechanical grinding techniques. The preparation of CCO/wt%NFO composites result in an estimation of its photocatalysis performance by removing tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) as a model of antibiotic pollutants. The results show that the percentage of NFO by mass have a great influence on the morphology and the photocatalysis performance of CCO/wt%NFO composites. Superior photocatalysis performance is observed in CCO/25%NFO composites prepared at percentage of NFO is 25%. The photocatalyst used with CCO/25%NFO composites result in a removal ratio of 81% for TC. The generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion radical (•O2−) and holes (h+) is largely responsible for degrading TC through photocatalysis in the presence of CCO/wt%NFO composites. The optimal operating conditions involve the initial concentration of TC and pH of TC being 50 mg L−1 and pH = 13, respectively. Furthermore, CCO/wt%NFO is highly reusable and stable during the photocatalytic removal process. The degradation pathway, toxicity, and photocatalytic mechanism of CCO/25%NFO composites for the degradation of TC are extensively examined through mass spectrometry, toxicity analysis, and energy band theory.
Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants of EZH1 cause a novel developmental disorder with central precocious puberty
Authors: Okamoto Nobuhiko , Yoshida Sayaka , Ogitani Ayako , Etani Yuri , Yanagi Kumiko , Kaname Tadashi
Published: May 2024

Pathogenic variants of polycomb repressive complex‐2 (PRC2) subunits are associated with overgrowth syndromes and neurological diseases. EZH2 is a major component of PRC2 and mediates the methylation of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Germline variants of EZH2 have been identified as a cause of Weaver syndrome (WS), an overgrowth/intellectual disability (OGID) syndrome characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, accelerated bone age, intellectual disability (ID), and characteristic facial features. Germline variants of SUZ12 and EED, other components of PRC2, have also been reported in the WS or Weaver‐like syndrome. EZH1 is a homolog of EZH2 that interchangeably associates with SUZ12 and EED. Recently, pathogenic variants of EZH1 have been reported in individuals with dominant and recessive neurodevelopmental disorders. We herein present sisters with biallelic loss‐of‐function variants of EZH1. They showed developmental delay, ID, and central precocious puberty, but not the features of WS or other OGID syndromes.
Reinforcement learning‐guided control strategies for CAR T‐cell activation and expansion
Authors: Ferdous Sakib , Shihab Ibne Farabi , Chowdhury Ratul , Reuel Nigel F.
Published: May 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL), a subset of machine learning (ML), could optimize and control biomanufacturing processes, such as improved production of therapeutic cells. Here, the process of CAR T‐cell activation by antigen‐presenting beads and their subsequent expansion is formulated in silico. The simulation is used as an environment to train RL‐agents to dynamically control the number of beads in culture to maximize the population of robust effector cells at the end of the culture. We make periodic decisions of incremental bead addition or complete removal. The simulation is designed to operate in OpenAI Gym, enabling testing of different environments, cell types, RL‐agent algorithms, and state inputs to the RL‐agent. RL‐agent training is demonstrated with three different algorithms (PPO, A2C, and DQN), each sampling three different state input types (tabular, image, mixed); PPO‐tabular performs best for this simulation environment. Using this approach, training of the RL‐agent on different cell types is demonstrated, resulting in unique control strategies for each type. Sensitivity to input‐noise (sensor performance), number of control step interventions, and advantages of pre‐trained RL‐agents are also evaluated. Therefore, we present an RL framework to maximize the population of robust effector cells in CAR T‐cell therapy production.
Does government ownership help make private firms greener? Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Liu Wei , Xiao Haizhen , Xie Renyi , Luo Xiying , Yang Xia , Zhou Jingyi
Published: May 2024

The proponents of the conventional detrimental view contend that government ownership results in efficiency losses, which suggests that it has a negative effect on corporate green innovation at private firms with government shareholders. The beneficial view that we propose in this study is that government ownership helps private firms to acquire the external resources that are needed for green innovation and to share the risks that attend on it, which suggests that government ownership has a positive effect on corporate green innovation at private firms with government shareholders. In this study, we use a large sample of privately controlled enterprises (PCEs) with government shareholders in the Chinese A‐share market to examine the beneficial view. The baseline results show that government ownership of PCEs is positively associated with corporate green innovation. These results are robust to a set of sensitivity tests and endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, the channel analyses show that government ownership of PCEs promotes corporate green innovation through the acquisition of external resources and the sharing of risks. Additionally, the cross‐sectional analyses show that the positive effect of government ownership of PCEs on corporate green innovation is stronger at firms that face more financial constraints, at firms that are subject to greater economic policy uncertainty, and at firms that are located in areas with poorer protection of intellectual property rights. Overall, the results confirm our beneficial view that government ownership has a positive effect on corporate green innovation at private firms with government shareholders.
In‐Vitro Electrochemical Prelithiation: A Key Performance‐Boosting Strategy for Carbon Nanotube‐Containing Silicon‐Based Negative Electrodes in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ünal Leyla , Maccio‐Figgemeier Viviane , Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Figgemeier Egbert
Published: May 2024

Prelithiation technology has emerged as an enabling approach towards the practical deployment of Silicon negative electrode‐based Li‐Ion batteries, leading to significant advancement in initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), energy density and cycle life. In this study, an electrochemical prelithiation has been applied to Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐containing Silicon‐rich Silicon/Graphite‐based negative electrode, eliminating almost ~51.03 % of its first irreversible capacity losses. In contrast, a benchmarking negative electrode utilizing Carbon black (Super P) as conductive additive is found to demonstrate a reduction of ~39.55 % after prelithiation, which is considerably lower compared to MWCNTs‐based electrode system. Post‐mortem analysis using Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) shows disparities between pristine‐cycled and prelithiated‐cycled negative electrodes. Overall, prelithiation enabled MWCNTs can be regarded as an essential additive component in Silicon‐based negative electrode systems for high‐energy density Li‐Ion batteries.
Fachkräfte für die Chemieindustrie
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: May 2024

Der demografische Wandel verändert auch die Altersstruktur in Unternehmen der Chemieindustrie. Es gilt, nicht nur junge Fachkräfte zu gewinnen, sondern auch Wissen und Erfahrung auf die nachfolgende Generation zu transferieren. CITplus fragt bei Jens Becker, CFO, und Magdalena Langel, Talent Acquisition Manager bei Levaco nach, wie sie diesen Herausforderungen begegnen und welche Lösungen sie zum Wissensmanagement gefunden haben
Recycling von Batterie‐Rohstoffen
Authors: von Blumenthal Georg
Published: May 2024

Für den Erfolg der Elektromobilität ist eine nachhaltige Versorgung mit Batterierohstoffen entscheidend. Nickel‐Mangan‐Kobalt (NMC)‐Akkus sind derzeit führend, könnten jedoch bis 2030 von den weniger rohstoffintensiven Lithium‐Eisenphosphat (LFP)‐Batterien abgelöst werden. Die EU stuft wichtige Batterierohstoffe als kritisch ein und fördert das Recycling von Lithiumbatterien, um Versorgungssicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit zu verbessern. Fortschrittliche Recyclingmethoden und gesetzliche Regelungen sind essenziell für den übergang zur Elektromobilität.
TA Luft und GFK‐Flanschverbindungen
Authors: Gross Thomas , Schaaf Manfred , Frank Markus , Lebitschnig Andreas , Klar Michael
Published: May 2024

Die Novellierung der Technischen Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft (TA Luft), die am 18. August 2021 als Erste Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Bundes‐Immissionsschutzgesetz publiziert wurde, stellt neue Herausforderungen für Betreiber von industriellen Anlagen dar, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Kontrolle von diffusen Emissionen an Flanschverbindungen. Zur Adressierung dieser erweiterten Vorschriften haben sich Experten der Unternehmen Evonik, Wacker und Merck zu einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe zusammengeschlossen.
Crystalline Transformation of Glycolide Induced by Organic Solvents and Relative Humidity
Authors: Wen Liang , Yin Tian , Xue Ya‐Qi , Zhao Yi‐Zhen , Liu Xiao , Ma Jian‐Gong
Published: May 2024

As a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer material, polyglycolic acid is attracting more and more attention in the field of polymeric and biomedical materials. Consequently, the study of the transformation between different crystal forms of glycolide, the monomer of polyglycolic acid, is of great importance, because crystal forms of glycolide determine the stabilities and properties of polyglycolic acid products polymerized under different conditions in industry. Herein, this article reports the synthesis and crystallization of α‐ and β‐glycolide controlled by the type of organic solvents and/or temperatures, during which an intermediate crystal form of β′‐glycolide is newly observed. The transformation between α‐, β‐, and β′‐glycolide is investigated in detail, and the stabilities of different crystal forms are illustrated via the controlled experiments under different relative humidity (RH) as well as the theoretical calculations, which should provide fundamental concepts and guidance for the industrial production of glycolide and optimization of polyglycolic acid products.