bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Enduring Commons in the Evanescent Age: The impact of E-commerce on the rural commons in Zhejiang, China
Authors:   Harvard Unviersity, Graduate School of Design, Xiao Sophia
Published: May 2024

This project examines the relationship between collective land management by villagers, the construction andimprovement of logistics and internet infrastructure, and the establishment and operation of e-commerce businesses in rural villages in Zhejiang, China. Zhejiang is the home province of Alibaba, China’s largest e-commerce and technology company. The research aims to investigate how the development of e-commerce influences rural life, and vice versa. The study focuses on villages that have undergone significant transformations due to their active engagement with e-commerce industries. These transformations have been facilitated by the support or negotiations with mega e-commerce platform companies and various government agencies. As a result, these villages have experienced noticeable increases in exposure, production efficiency, and overallland development.The research documents change in the rural landscape at regional, local, and human scales. It also explores the social dynamics among villagers, including mutual learning, imitation, cooperation, and competition. The project aims to gain a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how these dynamics impact the decision-making of villagers and local village leaders. This is achieved through on-site fieldwork, GIS analysis, literature review, and comparative case studies. The specific aspects of decision-making that are explored include the establishment of new industries, land use transformation, and the construction of infrastructure and communal service facilities. Additionally, the project investigates the current state and future impact of these new development projects. The goal is to promote equitable and sustainable development of urban-rural commons for the villagers who are experiencing these changes.
Monuments, Memorials, Landmarks, and Symbols: Conflicting Values in the American Narrative
Authors:   Auburn University, Bird Gorhim , Pindyck Jennifer ,   Auburn University, Blumberg Mark Alan ,   Auburn University, English Mary ,   Auburn University
Published: May 2024

It is important for students to confront sites that provoke critical discussions around ownership, politics, race, history, and basic human rights. Students explored the intersections of history, symbolism, form, and design within the context of a former site of enslavement registered as a national historic place2_. An organization which provides individuals over the age of 50 with opportunities for community and learning is interested in expanding their facilities on their existing site.The program, although client conceived, was the subject of a discussion with the students as to what programmatic characteristics are ap-propriate for this site. The problem is rife with dichotomies: its horrific past and landmarked status, and the question of how to approach the memorializing of this place. The recognizable image of the architecture is what makes it both a valued historic place yet also a painful reminder of oppression. The framing of the design problem was formed through historical analysis of the 1700-acre Sunny Slope site (Figure 1) as a site of enslavement of men, women, and children. Students analyzed the existing site to understand how formal strategies were used to establish power over the landscape through central axes and visual hierarchies3_. The complex reality of the historical context requires thoughtful consideration. As Zumthor expresses in Thinking Architecture, the projects would need to dialogue in a meaningful way with the existing architecture and landscape, “for if the intervention is to find its place, it must make us see what already exists in a new light.”⁴.
Windows: socio-environmental dimensions in Palestinian residential buildings
Authors: Mallah Dua , Hussein Muhannad Haj , Ardda Nisreen
Published: May 2024

People spend a significant portion of their lives indoors. Nowadays, windows are the essential architectural element that allows users to have contact with the outside world. This contact has an important impact on our physiology, psychology, well-being, and indoor environment. Understanding the physical and behavioral (social) characteristics of this element in the Palestinian residential building is still insufficiently explored. A cross-sectional survey of 272 respondents was conducted to investigate the openings’ characteristics and user’s behavior to assess their influence on residents’ satisfaction and indoor performance. This assessment was based on the concept that residents’ satisfaction with their homes is a measure of buildings’ performance in meeting users’ needs, expectations, and aspirations. The findings show that the physical properties (i.e. Window wall ratio, Window floor ratio, position, orientation, etc.) of windows do not meet the minimum threshold of sustainable and energy-efficient values (i.e. Daylight, thermal comfort). In addition, the survey analysis determines the driving parameters and their corresponding variations influencing window operations in different periods of the day and season. The culture plays a central role in the Palestinians’ window operation behavior.
Employing artificial intelligence techniques to make films
Authors: Khalid Naji Aya
Published: May 2024

تعتبر صناعة الأفلام واحدة من العديد من الصناعات التي لا مفر منها في استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي فيها بسبب التقدم السريع في التكنولوجيا. يفيد الذكاء الاصطناعي الصناعة في كل مرحلة من مراحل دورة الإنتاج. يركز هذا البحث على خمس مراحل: كتابة السيناريو في الذكاء الاصطناعي، توليد الصور في الذكاء الاصطناعي، تسجيلات الصوت في الذكاء الاصطناعي، صنع الرسوم المتحركة في الذكاء الاصطناعي، تحرير الأفلام، مع عرض أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي.
يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على أن تكنولوجيا الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) والإنتاج الفني البشري أساسيان للنمو القوي لصناعة الأفلام فقط عندما يكمل كل منهما الآخر من خلال فحص المزايا والمخاطر المحتملة. يشجع البحث على التوجه الجديد نحو استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في إنتاج الأفلام القصيرة لطلاب الدراسات العليا والجامعية والباحثين والمهتمين، والاستفادة من الميزات المجانية المتاحة على مواقع الذكاء الاصطناعي التي لا تتطلب شراءات مكلفة للحصول على الفوائد.
The aesthetics of Mesopotamian furniture and its reflections in contemporary furniture design
Authors: Abdul Wahab Muhammad Sumaya , Asaad Abdel Razzaq Lubna
Published: May 2024

مما لاشك فيه إن الاثاث هو تمثيل للمفاهيم والقيم والمتطلبات والحاجات الإنسانية، وبالرغم من التحديث والمعاصرة التي رافقت تصميم الاثاث منذ عهد وادي الرافدين إلى يومنا هذا بغية تأمين حاجات المستخدم وكفاءة التصميم، لذلك اتخذت الباحثتان اهمية انعكاسات اثاث وادي الرافدين في تصميم الاثاث المعاصر نظراً لجماليته وأشكاله المتعددة، وعليه تكمن مشكلة البحث في التساؤل التالي: هل يمكن توظيف جماليات تصاميم أثاث وادي الرافدين برموزه وأشكاله في تصميم الأثاث المعاصر لضمان تحقيق التواصل الحضاري ما بين الماضي والحاضر وعده كمرتكز تصميمي؟، كما هدف البحث في التوصل إلى القدرة الإبداعية للمبادئ التصميمية الرافدينية وعدها مرتكز تصميمي يحقق جوانب جمالية في تصميم الأثاث المعاصر، كما استعرضت الباحثتان الإطار النظري والذي تضمن مقدمة عن فنون حضارة وادي الرافدين، المبادئ التصميمية لإثاث وادي الرافدين، التأثيرات الجمالية الرافدينية في تصميم الأثاث المعاصر، آما الكلمات المفتاحية فقدت تحددت بـ)جماليات، وادي الرافدين، المعاصرة (وتم التوصل إلى اهم النتائج والاستنتاجات والتي كان اهمها (أن توظيفات اثاث وادي الرافدين بما تحمله من صفات المرونة والتشكيل في تصميم الأثاث تتوافق مع سمات فكر تصميم الأثاث لفترة ما بعد الحداثة، يتميز الجمع ما بين الماضي والحاضر بخصائص ومميزات يمكن توظيفها في التصميم الصناعي بشكل عام وتصميم الأثاث المعاصر بشكل خاص)
Techniques for displaying optically distorted sculpture (anamorphic sculpture) in contemporary art
Authors: Saeed Mansour Athraa , Ahmed Abdel Reda Ihab
Published: May 2024

يهتم البحث الحالي بدراسة تقنيات الاظهار للنحت المشوه بصريًا في التشكيل المعاصر، حيث تناولنا موضوع الفن المشوه، وتفحصنا تقنيات اظهاره في التشكيل ثلاثي الابعاد. ضمن حدود مكانية حصرناها بـ(قارتي اوربا وامريكا) وحدود زمانية (1990-2020م). شيد البحث باربعة فصول، شمل الفصل الاول الاطار المنهجي للبحث، عدة عناوين تمثل الصورة العامة للبحث العلمي، اما الفصل الثاني الاطار النظري للبحث، فقد شمل ثلاثة مباحث، تناولنا في المبحث الاول مفهوم الانامورفسيس، بينما خصص المبحث الثاني لدراسة فن تشويه المنظور-المرجعيات والمؤسسات، اما المبحث الثالث، فقد قدمنا فيه دراسة موجزة لتقنيات الاظهار في النحت المعاصر، . ثم ختمنا الفصل بمؤشرات الاطار النظري.  خصص الفصل الثالث اجراءات البحث، للنظر في مجتمع البحث، وبيان كافة تفاصيله الواقعية، وما هي اهم مصادر العثور على المجتمع الاصلي، وكذلك تحديد العينة، اذ بلغت اربعة اعمال نحتية مشوهة  بوصفها نماذج للعينة، وقد اعتمدنا على الملاحظة كاداة للبحث، وبعدها شمل الفصل دراسة تحليلية لنماذج منتخبة او مختارة بطريقة قصدية، وتضمن الفصل الرابع مجموعة من نتائج واستنتاجات البحث نذكر منها: - اعتمد النحاتون المعاصرون على الخوارزميات والمعادلات الرياضية بوصفها احد التقنيات التي مكنتهم من خلق تشكيلات نحتية مشوهة. ثم ختمنا البحث بمجموعة مقترحات وتوصيات خدمة للمؤسسات ذات العلاقة بموضوع البحث
Contemporary graphic art via Artificial Pixler Illustrator
Authors: Abdel Abbas Idan Radi Adnan
Published: May 2024

تسهم برامج أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي في ابتكار الأفكار والبرامج والأساليب من خلال جهاز الحاسوب والمتحققة من ناحية الأهداف فعليا، يناقش هذا البحث أثر تطور مجالات الفنون ومنها فن الرسم الجرافيتي المعاصر عبر مصور بيكسلر الرقمي وعليه يتألف من الفصل الاول من مشكلة البحث وهدف البحث وحدوده ومصطلحات هذه الدراسة، أما الفصل الثاني فيتألف من المبحث الأول بعنوان نظام التوليد في برامج الذكاء الاصطناعي، والمبحث الثاني برامج الذكاء الاصطناعي في الرسم الجرافيتي المعاصر ومن ثم مؤشرات البحث.
أما الفصل الثالث والذي تألف من إجراءات البحث ومنهجيته ومجتمع البحث وأسباب اختيار العينات وصولا الى التحليل الوصفي الذي يتوافق مع هدف البحث ,أما الفصل الرابع تأتي فيه النتائج والتي ارتبطت بمشكلة البحث والاستنتاجات والمصادر والمراجع وقد جاءت أحد نتائج البحث ,إن خاصية برنامج بيكسلر خاصية تنقسم فيها صورة النموذج الأصلي الى عدة لقطات مختلفة تصل الى عشر شرائح من أصل اللقطة الواحدة ومن ثم تتحول الى مقترح تطبيقي تعاد من خلاله صيغة الطباعة اليدوية ضمن آلية هذا البرنامج الاصطناعي .
Ecosystems and their uses in designing the interior spaces of hotels
Authors: AbdulAmeer Mohammed Zainab
Published: May 2024

تأتي المفاهيم البيئية لتؤطر علاقات التوافق الحديث في التصميم الداخلي التي تبنى عن طريقها المعالجات الفنية والابداعية على وفق مخرجات تصميمية تؤلف بين جنباتها معطيات الحاجة الوظيفية عن طريق أولويات التوظيف المادي لمكونات الطبيعة وما تحتويه البيئة من نظم تشتمل عليها وسائل الاندماج الايكولوجي (النظم البيئية) بين الفضاءات الداخلية وطبيعة المكونات الحياتية لتحقيق فعل الانسجام والتكيف وما ينتج عنها من ترددات تمثل انعكاس للاستدامة البيئية الطبيعية والصناعية.
Double capture of coordinated evaders in recurrent differential games
Authors: Petrov N.N.
Published: May 2024

In finite-dimensional Euclidean space, a problem of pursuit of two evaders by a group of pursuers, which is described by a linear nonstationary system of differential equations, is considered under the assumption that the fundamental matrix of the homogeneous system is a recurrent function. It is assumed that the evaders use the same control. The pursuers use counterstrategies based on information about the initial positions and the prehistory of the control of the evaders. The set of admissible controls is a strictly convex compact with a smooth boundary, and the goal sets are the origin of coordinates. The goal of the group of pursuers is to catch at least one evader by two pursuers. In terms of initial positions and parameters of the game, a sufficient condition for capture is obtained. This study is based on the method of resolving functions, which makes it possible to obtain sufficient conditions for solvability of the problem of pursuit in some guaranteed time.
On application of Gaussian kernels and Laplace functions combined with Kolmogorov's theorem for approximation of functions of several variables
Authors: Chernov A.V.
Published: May 2024

A special class of approximations of measurable functions of several variables on the unit coordinate cube is investigated. The class is constructed on the base of Kolmogorov's theorem (in version by Sprecher–Golubkov) stating that a continuous function $f$ of several variables can be represented as a finite superposition of continuous single-variable functions — so called outer functions (which depend of $f$) and inner one $\Psi$ (which is independent of $f$ and is monotone). In the case of continuous functions $f$ the class under study is obtained with outer functions approximated by linear combinations of quadratic exponentials (also known as Gaussian functions or Gaussian kernels) and with the inner function $\Psi$ approximated by Laplace functions. As is known, a measurable function $f$ can be approximated by a continuous one (up to a set of small measure) with the help of classical Luzin's theorem. The effectiveness of such approach is based on assertions that, firstly, the Mexican hat mother wavelet on any fixed bounded interval can be approximated as accurately as desired by a linear combination of two Gaussian functions, and, secondly, that a continuous monotone function on such an interval can be approximated as accurately as desired by a linear combination of translations and dilations of the Laplace integral (in other words, Laplace functions). It is proved that the class of approximations under study is dense everywhere in the class of continuous multivariable functions on the coordinate cube. For the case of continuous and piecewise continuous functions of two variables, numerical results are presented that confirm the effectiveness of approximations of the studied class.
Test of the effectiveness of beluntas leaf extract (Pluchea indica L.) against the mortality of Spodoptera litura
Authors: Homo Benediktus , Mendes Johana Anike , Sembiring Jefri
Published: May 2024

Beluntas adalah salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi pestisida nabati, karena mengandung asam fenolik, flavonoid, alkanoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid. Senyawa metabolit sekunder tersebut dapat memberikan efek mortalitas terhadap hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas daun beluntas terhadap mortalitas S. litura. Metode uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode celup daun terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas S. litura pada fase larva, pupa, dan imago. Hasil Pengamatan menunjukkan mortalitas tertinggi terdapat pada dosis 90 gram basah/500 ml air sebesar 25 individu. Pengamatan dilanjutkan untuk larva yang masih hidup yaitu mortalitas larva prapupa tertinggi sebesar 19 individu pada dosis 45 gram basah/500 ml air, mortalitas pupa sebanyak 15 individu pada perlakuan kontrol, dan sisa pupa yang menghasilkan imago pada perlakuan kontrol sebanyak 2 ekor.
Pengaruh Jenis Planlet Dan Macam Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Krisan (Chrysanthemum Morifolium L.) yang Di Aklimatisasi Di Dataran Rendah
Authors: Prayitno Nova Putri Anggilia , Sukendah Sukendah , Sulistyono Agus
Published: May 2024

Metode kultur in vitro dapat digunakan sebagai sarana perolehan bibit uggul tanaman krisan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis planlet dan macam media tanam terbaik untuk pertumbuhan bibit tanaman krisan yang di aklimatisasi di dataran rendah. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli-November 2022 di Screenhouse yang bertempat di Jl. Simowau Indah Blok, Kecamatan Taman, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor yaitu jenis planlet dan macam media tanam dengan 12 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama yaitu jenis planlet dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu planlet utuh, planlet tunas pucuk in vitro dan planlet berakar. Sedangkan faktor kedua adalah macam media tanam dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu arang sekam (kontrol), arang sekam + tanah (2:1), cocopeat + tanah (2:1), dan arang sekam + cocopeat + tanah (1:1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan jenis planlet tunas pucuk in vitro menunjukkan hasil tertinggi yaitu pada tinggi bibit.
Testing of Selection Criteria for Screening of Oil Palm Genotypes Partially Resistant to Ganoderma Boninense in Main-Nursery
Authors: Azwar Rasidin , Siregar Muhammad Mustiqa , Pakpahan Loly VA , Purba Bobby
Published: May 2024

Resistance to basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense is now one of the main breeding objectives by many oil palm breeders. Many studies reported that resistance to G. boninense is partial or incomplete resistance.Screening at a longer period in main-nursery is also needed to see genetic variation in rate of infection (‘r) among genotypes. The objective of this study was to test several criteria suitable for identifying genotypes to have low infection rate. Two hundreds of DxP crosses between 16 dura lines and three Pisifera palms were made for testing of their resistance to G. boninense in main-nursery. Since G. boninense is a root disease, its effect on root would be direct and selection based on FRW must be very reliable and accurate. Genotypes which had values better than average value were selected as moderately resistant genotypes to G. boninense. The results showed that: (1) there were differences in fastness of infection and severity of the disease; (2) variation in DS among tested crosses increase with time and reach maximum at the 12th MAI; (3) only four selection criteria had significant correlation FRW, namely, FBW (0.74), AUDPC (-0.261), DS (-0.233), ‘r (-0.205); and (4) four selection criteria which gave the closest results to FRW criterion consecutively were FBW (73%), AUDPC (65%), ‘r (64%), DS (63%). It could be concluded that main-nursery screening could identify genotypes with lower ‘r value. AUDPC and ‘r values are suitable to be used as selection criteria for selecting oil palm genotypes partially resistant to G. boninense in main- nursery screening.
Religion and New Media (The Phenomena of New Media Influences on Religion in the Digital Era)
Authors: Tajuddin Fatjri Nur , Rahman Fatmawati A. , Satar Muhammad
Published: May 2024

At the present time, the media has a very important role as a fast messenger with a wide range. The more developed the world becomes more modern, the role is expanding. The influence of the media developed after the discovery of radio and television and the last appearance of the internet. Satellites as signal senders now transmit sound and image waves throughout the world, even to remote areas. In relation to religion, in general, the essence of media globality makes religious followers use it to spread the teachings of their religion. Moreover, because in principle that the prophet who receives the revelation has a role in spreading religion, spirituality and guiding humans. At the end, it raises the question that whether new media can be used to spread religious culture, just as media expertise in advertising various products or other things?
 
Religion and Media, if explored further, on the one hand have the same thing in terms of seeking the truth. The difference is that religion claims to have found the truth, while the media does not say that. One of the media disciplines is to check and verify until they find the truth as close as possible, so that the truth is relative. While the truth for religion is absolute. Religion as a world community is a very important part. Especially for people who live in areas with a religious and spiritual population. Apart from the diversity of meanings from the belief in a religion or sect of a religion, but one thing that might be the same is interpreted by adherents of religion that religion is not only a social institution but also as a relationship between humans and their God
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF ASPHALT CONCRETE LAYERS WITH FLY ASH
Authors:   State Enterprise «National Institute for Development Іnfrastructure» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Kaskiv Volodymyr , Sokolov Оleksii ,   State Enterprise «National Institute for Development Іnfrastructure» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The road construction industry is currently one of the strategic industries of Ukraine, and the issue of quality and availability of basic building materials for road construction is particularly topical, which is directly related to its high material intensity. The known reserves of high-quality raw materials that could be used as asphalt concrete components are constantly decreasing, so it is necessary to look for alternative sources of raw materials for construction materials and explore the possibility of their use. In this regard, the most efficient use of local raw materials is the use of industrial waste, which can be one of the solutions to the problem of shortage of raw materials of inorganic origin. Problem statement. In road construction, when repairing or arranging road pavement layers, in particular asphalt mixtures, the need for carbonate mineral fillers, which are scarce in some regions, is constantly growing. Industrial by-products can be an alternative. One of these materials is fly ash from thermal power plants, which can be used instead of mineral fillers in asphalt mixtures. Objective. To perform a feasibility study of the use of asphalt concrete layers with fly ash. Materials and Methods. Analysis of information sources and the materials market of Ukraine and calculation of the technical and economic efficiency of fly ash application in asphalt mixtures.
VICORISTAN METHODS IN VIRTUAL REALITY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICAL NAVIGATIONS WITH VISUAL PRODUCTION OF PERSONAL MATERIALS
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University (KNAHU), Kharkiv, Ukraine, Sedov Andrii , Smolyanyuk Roman ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University (KNAHU), Kharkiv, Ukraine, Onufriev Vitaly ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University (KNAHU), Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Current developments that are being implemented by modern organizations must include not only initial methodological complexes of disciplines (modules), but also security programs aimed at mastering professional competencies. The optimal way to develop competencies is through virtual laboratories, which are modeled in an electronic lighting environment on real-world objects. Problem Statement. The problem of this article is the need to promote current technologies of virtual modeling, which is considered as a tool for increasing the brightness of engineering lighting. Purpose. development and implementation of virtual 3D laboratories to obtain practical skills from testing real-life materials. Materials and methods. 3D graphics editor, software Unity 2022.3.4. Results. We also have an analysis of programs for 3D modeling, which can be used not only for the purpose of displaying on printed products or on the computer screen, but also for the development of entire elements. In addition to software products, the authors propose an approach to creating a virtual technological laboratory, which allows industry professionals to learn practical skills from testing real-life materials.
INTRODUCTION OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING OF THE LENGTH OF HIGHWAYS IN SINGLE-LANE CALCULATION
Authors:   State Enterprise «National Institute of Infrastructure Development» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Dulia Mykhailo , Usychenko Olena ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The use of geographical spatial data of the public road network has led to the question of the feasibility of applying existing methods of road length accounting and the need to introduce single-lane road length accounting. Problem statement. The search for alternative ways to account for the length of a road calls for improving the principles of forming road titles, which have certain solutions for accounting for sections with more than one lane in each direction and establishing the lengths of traffic interchanges, additional lanes on ascents, external and internal transitional high-speed lanes, dedicated (channelized) lanes, etc. Objective. To improve the system of accounting for the length of public roads of national importance. Materials and methods. The principles of road titling introduced in [1] have certain solutions for accounting for sections with more than 1 lane in each direction and establishing the lengths of traffic interchanges, which were rational at the time of adoption, but without further improvement may be ineffective and increasingly lead to contradictions. The need to introduce the term "length of a public road in single-lane calculation" is due to the fact that there are fundamental differences between the lengths of roads approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On Approval of the List of Public Roads of National Importance" of December 15, 2023 No. 1318 [2] and the actual length (area) of lanes subject to repair and maintenance, since the road may have a different number of main lanes along its length, additional lanes on ascents, external and internal transitional high-speed lanes, dedicated (channelized) lanes, and exits may have several lanes in one direction.
INNOVATIONS IN THE UKRAINIAN REGULATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAYS WITH CEMENT-CONCRETE COVERING
Authors:   State Enterprise «National Institute of Infrastructure Development» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Illiash Serhii , Tsynka Anatolii ,   State Enterprise «National Institute of Infrastructure Development» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Zelenovskyi Volodymyr ,   State Enterprise «National Institute of Infrastructure Development» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article deals with the issues of expanding the regulatory and technical base of the road sector for the construction of roads with cement concrete pavement. The article covers the issues of improving the existing and developing new requirements for the construction of cement concrete pavements with pin-connected slabs, reinforced slabs with pin connection, with continuous reinforcement and using rolled cement concrete mixtures using modern technologies. Improvement of the national regulatory framework is carried out on the basis of the analysis of existing legal acts, regulatory documents, technical literature related to the objects of standardization and, of course, taking into account the requirements of safety and environmental protection and the factors and features established by the current martial law in Ukraine. The work concerns the developed national standards for the installation of cement concrete pavements, namely those innovations that have already been agreed upon and are planned to be submitted to the National Standardization Body for adoption in the near future. Problem statement. Implementation of a unified technical policy to ensure the reliability and durability of roads, increase the efficiency of capital investments, implementation of scientific and technical achievements of science and best domestic and international practices in the practice of construction of roads with cement concrete pavement, issues of saving material, labor, financial and energy resources, improving the quality of construction work, labor safety and health conditions, rational use of land and other types of natural resources. The fact of constant growth in the intensity of heavy vehicles traffic, which is associated with the transportation of heavy machinery, agricultural products, metallurgical products, etc., significantly affects the reduction of the service life of roads with non-rigid pavement. This necessitates the search for alternative solutions for the construction of more durable pavement structures, one of which is the improvement of existing and introduction of new technologies for the construction of cement concrete pavements.
THE WORLD-WIDE PRACTICE OF DESIGNING THE CONCRETE PAVEMENTS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES PARKING LOTS AND FOR ZONES OF CHANNELIZED AND MANEUVERING TRAFFIC
Authors:   State Enterprise «National Institute for Development Іnfrastructure» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Tereshchenko Tetyana
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The introduction to the paper emphasizes the performance of pavements for the traffic areas of channelized/maneuvering traffic zones and heavy vehicles parking lots and highlights the advantages of concrete pavements for the said objects. Problem statement. The issues of the paper concern the design of various types of concrete pavements for the traffic areas of channelized/maneuvering traffic zones and heavy vehicles parking lots. Purpose. The goal of the paper is to compare the main provisions of the designated concrete pavements design in terms of various types of the monolithic pavement concrete slabs, and usage of types of concrete which differ in their laydown methods, and also regarding various principles of joints construction with an accent made on the contraction joints. Results. The main principles of the said concrete pavements designing were reviewed through separation the input design data such as the geotechnical information, the parameters of loading, the pavement service life and the characteristics of the material. The pavement design regarding the requirements for the subgrade/subbase parameters was analyzed more detailed concerning the appointment of the pavement layers thicknesses to reach the required bearing capacity in terms of a modulus of subgrade reaction.
COLD RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FULL-DEPTH REHABILITATION OF AFLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENT
Authors:   State Enterprise «National Institute for Development Іnfrastructure» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Tereshchenko Tetyana
Published: May 2024

ntroduction. In the introduction to the article, the briefly performed comparative analysis of the road asphalt concrete cold recycling technologies was adduced and also the actuality of the implementation of widened nomenclature of such technologies in the Ukraine was outlined. Problem statement. The issue of the article concerns processes and materials for technologies of the full-depth reclamation of flexible road pavements using cold recycling trough full depth of asphalt layer/layers including the underlying layers of granular materials as required. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the technological parameters of processes of full-depth reclamation (FDR) and also general requirements for reclaimed materials especially those concerning the estimation of their thermorheological properties. Results. The methods of the reclaimed materials stabilization were examined which, in accordance with the FDR technologies, should be divided in mechanical and those performed with the stabilizing agents. The types of pavement defects were defined under presence of which the application of FDR technologies has been recognized highly effective. The concise analysis of general requirements for reclaimed materials was performed with setting off the materials subjected to special requirements for grading. Also, the technological particularities of processes of the full-depth reclamation were stated which should be attributed to the technical characteristics of road equipment, the road pavement condition, and reclaimed mixtures quantitative proportions as well. According to the analysis of the test methods of reclaimed materials stabilized by bitumen using foamed bitumen, the role of the thermoreological uniformity of cold recycled mixtures for their proper design was shown.
ESSAYS OF THE HISTORY OF URBAN PLANNING IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (KNUBA), Kyiv, Ukraine, Hlushchenko Artem
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article examines the nutritional dynamics and peculiarities of the development of the environment in Ukraine, which requires an integrated approach to address the challenges and problems of this problem. The foldability and rich profile of this galus poses system requirements that require support and legislative security at the edge. Also, we are talking about developing a strategy for the development of local development, which is based on the idea of ensuring harmony between the economic, social and environmental development of the place. The main essence lies in the creation of such a local environment that would satisfy the needs of the current generation, without reducing the ability of future generations to take control of their lives. It is important that the main aspects of the development of strategies for the development of local development include, first of all, economic stability, so that they are aimed directly at creating minds for economic growth and development, ensuring the stability of financial, economic and investment processes in localities. Social inclusion plays an important role, and development strategies are aimed at ensuring accessibility and equal access to infrastructure, housing, lighting, health care and other social services for all levels of the population. Problem statement. Urban planning is a complex, multi-level and multi-disciplinary process that has a systemic nature. The main task of urban planning is to create such a material environment in which human needs should be satisfied as best as possible. In contrast to previous years, the urban planning process has been streamlined and has become more integrated into public production. The specificity of this type involves a whole series of competencies affecting many fields of knowledge. Urban planning activity involves planning, development of territories, careful development and implementation of urban planning documentation regarding both the expansion of cities and the construction of new ones. At the same time, many questions arise regarding architectural solutions, harmonious placement of buildings in the surrounding landscape. The process of urban planning always heralds socio-economic development: infrastructure and architectural projects implemented within the framework of urban planning can contribute to economic growth, attracting investment and creating jobs, while the process of social integration is underway, creating conditions for communication and interaction between different social and cultural groups .
ARIOUS PRACTICES FOR EVALUATION OF STRENGTH OF THE LAYERS OF SUBGRADE AND GRANULAR MATERIALS BY THE RESULTS OF A DYNAMIC CONE PENETRATION TEST
Authors:   State Enterprise «National Institute of Infrastructure Development» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Tereshchenko Tetyana
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The introduction to the paper highlights the methods of standard geotechnical tests for in situ measurements of subgrade strength or strength estimation. Problem statement. The issue of the paper concerns the interpretation and the application of the results of testing of the subgrades or granular layers of a road pavement by the dynamic cone penetrometer. Purpose. The goal of the paper consists of the analysis of practices of the subgrade strength evaluation by the conversion of the dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) results to the nominal values of the California bearing ratio (CBR) or by plotting the subgrade profile and also of practices for the layer thickness evaluation and compaction control. Results. The main principles of DCPT were reviewed with performing the analysis of factors affecting the test results. The equations of the dependence of the nominal CBR values on the penetration index as the main result of DCPT was analyzed. The assumption was made that the difference in such equations may be determined by the differed confinement conditions under testing in accordance with which the calculated values provided by the results of testing under the triaxial confinement are higher. Also the stair-stepping effect appeared when performing DCPT on cohesive soils was reviewed.
CALCULATION OF ARCHED ROAD STRUCTURE FROM CORRUGATED OF METAL TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FORM OF THE CORRUGATION
Authors:   Academy of Construction and Architecture, Ivano-Frankivsk (at period of martial law), Ukraine, Abramov Volodymyr
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The issue of calculation of an arched road structure made of corrugated metal on the basis of numerical modeling using the finite element method (FEM) using the actual cross-sectional parameters of metal corrugated structures (MCS) is considered. Problem Statement. In past years, for the calculations and tests of road constructions from MCS, a simple rectangular cross-section, equivalent in terms of bending stiffness to a corrugated profile, was considered. This was adopted to simplify calculations and research. Such an approach is also used in modern norms for the design of buildings with MCS. But this is not quite a correct simplification. Purpose. To show the possibility to avoid unnecessary convention and simplification of the calculation scheme and to obtain more correct and more informative results of the calculation of structures with MCS. Research methods and results. The purpose and tasks are realized by calculation-theoretical analysis and numerical modeling according to FEM using a specific example of calculating a road structure (small bridge) from the MCS. The calculation model is made according to the actual shape of the corrugations, without switching to the conventional simple rectangular cross-section of the arch elements, which are equivalent in terms of bending stiffness. The main design condition for strength in this work is the condition that the design load does not exceed the bearing capacity of the arch, as a component of the «building-soil» system.The bearing capacity of the structure in this work is considered as the sum of the arch's own bearing capacity (outside the soil) and the addition, which is provided by the elastic support of the embankment soil in response to the movement of the arch toward the soil. To determine the addition of bearing capacity due to soil resistance, the arch model is adopted as a «mechanism» with full hinges in the places of the greatest stresses and deformations of the arch. The geometric stability of the "mechanism" is ensured by additional rods that simulate the soil support by moving the arch. The forces in these rods must be corresponding to the equivalent resistance of the soil. The bearing capacity supplement is defined as the load on the arch, at which the forces in the additional rods are equal to the equivalent soil resistance of the embankment by the permissible movement of the arch toward the soil.
DYNAMIC TESTING OF BRIDGES. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF METHODS
Authors:   State Enterprise «National Institute of Infrastructure Development» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine, Zavhorodniy Serhii , Redchenko Vasyl ,   State Enterprise «National Institute for Development Іnfrastructure» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Introduction. This article deals with the issue of relevance of dynamic testing of bridges in Ukraine, an overview of dynamic testing methods and the prospects for the development of this type of bridge testing. Problem statement. Monitoring the technical condition of bridges is an urgent problem for maintenance services and requires the use of the most advanced methods to quickly identify possible defects and damage in their structures. Dynamic testing is one of such methods, the development and implementation of which requires joint efforts of engineers and the scientific community. Objective. The main purpose of the article is to evaluate and analyze existing approaches to dynamic testing of bridges to diagnose their condition. This study aims to highlight the need to apply these methods to improve the reliability and safety of bridges, as well as to improve strategies for the maintenance and repair of bridge structures. Materials and methods. The material for the article is the experience of performing dynamic tests of bridges in Ukraine, including an example of testing a 420-meter-long reinforced concrete road bridge located in the Western Ukraine. The following research methods were used: analysis of data from scientific sources, analysis of regulatory documents, practical results of using the «Spectrum» software package, mathematical modeling, and general methods of theoretical research.
ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS IN THE COURSE OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF A MOTOR ROAD
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rutkovska Inessa , Yaroshchuk Olesia ,   State Enterprise «National Institute for Development Іnfrastructure» (SE «NIDI»), Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The conditions of economic development and social changes in Ukraine require accelerated development of road transport infrastructure, which includes the road industry, motor roads and facilities located on them. During the construction, operation and repair of motor roads, operating vehicles emit pollutants from fuel combustion products into the air, and generate noise and vibration. Pollution of soils, groundwater, and then water bodies can occur due to the deposition of pollutants and dust emitted from running car engines on the road surface, as well as dust from worn tires, road markings, car parts, the road surface itself, used industrial oil, oil leaks, and de-icing materials (in winter). Problem statement. Today, the country is faced with the task of actively working to modernize, expand and improve the entire road network. However, economic development and the scale of natural resource use should not be a hazard to ecological balance. Objective. Taking into account environmental aspects in the design and operation of the motor road and transport infrastructure facilities intended for its maintenance can lead to an increase in the service life of these structures, a decrease in energy and material consumption for their restoration. Materials and methods. The life cycle assessment method allows for a comprehensive approach that recognizes strategies to reduce environmental impacts throughout all stages of transport infrastructure facilities life cycle, from design to end of life (if there is no possibility of their further restoration).
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM OF NITROUS OXIDE IN OBSTETRICS: A CASE REVIEW
Authors: Alrais Ghaya , Godara Juhi , Godara Sudheer Pratap , Alnakeb Asra'a , Khaled Eman
Published: May 2024

Nitrous oxide (N2O), commonly known as laughing gas, has been a longstanding method for pain relief
during labor in obstetrics due to its rapid onset of action and ease of administration. However, concerns
about its environmental impact have recently gained prominence within the medical community. This paper addresses the
environmental implications of nitrous oxide use in obstetrics, particularly its signicant contribution to climate change as a
potent greenhouse gas. It explores the lifecycle emissions of nitrous oxide, from production to disposal, and highlights the
healthcare sector's role in overall emissions. Alternative pain management approaches, such as regional anesthesia
techniques and non-pharmacological interventions, are discussed as sustainable alternatives to nitrous oxide. The paper
emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between healthcare providers, policymakers, and environmental
stakeholders to promote sustainable obstetric care while ensuring patient comfort and satisfaction.
ASSESSMENT OF VARIATION IN THE DEPTH OF INTERSCALENE BRACHIAL PLEXUS USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY- A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Singh Bhatia Simran Pal , Kaur Shinu , Shukla Rajiv , Kumar Sharad
Published: May 2024

Background: Interscalene brachial plexus block via Classical or PNS guided approach has been
associated with various complications, and should therefore be done under ultrasound guidance
whenever possible. However, due to its unavailability at all centers, it is mandatory to have a thorough knowledge about the
anatomy and the safe distance of needle insertion while using conventional approach. This led us to study the variation in the
depth of brachial plexus at interscalene level using ultrasonography, in order to determine the safe depth of needle insertion
and the variation of this depth with regards to anthropometric parameters namely age, weight, height and BMI. In this Method:
prospective observational study, 250 patients were recruited. After proper positioning of patient, the neck was scanned using a
high-frequency linear probe to obtain an optimal view of the brachial plexus at interscalene level using traceback method; and
following two distances were measured, LD = Longest distance of the neural elements from the skin and SD= Shortest distance
of the neural elements from the skin. The LD varied between 0.78 cm to 2.12cm (mean value =1.53 ± 0 Result: .24 cm). SD
ranged between 1.66 cm to 0.27cm (mean value=0.73 ± 0.14 cm). We observed that the difference between mean LD and mean
SD was 0.80 ± 0.11 cm. There was signicant correlation of LD and SD with weight, age and BMI in males and females.
However, height was not signicantly correlated to LD and SD. While using conventional techniques, 2 Conclusion: 5mm
needle should be used preferably, based on our observation of safest distance of 0.80 ± 0.11 cm. If brachial plexus is not
encountered within 2cm, then further advancement of needle should be made with greater care so as to avoid complications.
"Hence that sense of new air". Archival debate and historiographical developments in Italy between the early and late 20th century
Authors: Pittella Raffaele
Published: May 2024

In the second half of the twentieth century it became generally accepted that the goal of the archivist's work should be not only to reconstruct the history of the object’s producer, but also to question its genesis, preservation and the use of documentary nuclei over time. The result was a revisiting of the principles of historical method, thanks in part to the fruitful debate that was established between the community of archivists and that of historians.
Cytomorphological Changes in Patients Undergoing Taxanes Formation in Breast Cancer at Oncology and Cancer Research Center in Shendi Town, Sudan
Authors: Dawud Bishoy Faiz Malad , Mohammed Mohammed Abdelgader E. , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Altaher Tibyan Abd Almajed , Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and the most frequent cause of cancer death in women in low-income countries. Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs called taxanes alter the cellular mechanisms that allow cancer cells to divide their microtubules. In a typical cell cycle, microtubules are formed by the cell at the start of division and disassembled after the cell stops dividing. Taxanes stabilize the microtubules, preventing them from breaking down normally. This causes the cancer cells to stop dividing, potentially slowing the growth of cancer or killing the cells. Taxane causes neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, as well as fatigue, nausea and vomiting, hair loss, diarrhea, mouth ulcers, and muscle pain. According to the literature, chemotherapy causes nuclear atypia and other cellular changes in buccal mucosa cells. There was no published data regarding the effect of taxane on buccal mucosa cells. This study aimed to detect cytomorphological changes among breast cancer patients receiving taxane chemotherapy. Materials and methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted during the period from December 2022 to February 2024, involved 50 buccal smears from breast cancer patients included as a case group versus 50 buccal smears from apparently healthy females. All smears were processed through conventional cytological methods. Results: Forty percent of patients have had a family history of breast cancer. We observed that in 80% of patients with advanced age (46 years old and older), our results indicated that there was a significant statistical difference between cases and controls regarding cellular changes in buccal mucosa. We also observed an increase in the significant correlation of cellular changes and the number of taxane doses, as the p value was less than 0.05. Conclusion: We concluded that taxane chemotherapy may cause buccal cellular changes as the incidence of nuclear atypia, infection, and degenerative changes is higher in cases than in controls.