bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique clinical and electrophysiological features in the peripheral nerve system in patients with sialidosis – a case series study
Authors: Hsueh Sung-Ju , Lin Chin-Hsien , Lee Ni-Chung , Chang Tung-Ming , Fan Sung-Pin , Huang Wan-De , Lin Yea-Huey , Tsai Li-Kai , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Lee Ming-Jen , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Hsueh Hsueh Wen , Yang Chih-Chao
Published: May 2024

Background

To investigate the peripheral nervous system involvement in S sialidosis with typical features of myoclonus, seizure, and giant waves in somatosensory evoked potentials suggesting hyperexcitability in the central nervous system.

Methods

The clinical presentation of patients with genetically confirmed sialidosis was recorded. Neurophysiological studies, including nerve conduction studies (NCSs), F-wave studies, and needle electromyography (EMG), were performed on these patients.

Results

Six patients (M/F: 2:4) were recruited. In addition to the classical presentation, intermittent painful paresthesia was noted in four patients, and three of whom reported it as the earliest symptom. In the NCSs, one patient had reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes in the right ulnar nerve, while another patient had prolonged distal motor latency in the bilateral tibial and peroneal nerves. Prolonged F-wave latency (83.3%), repeater F-waves (50%), and neurogenic polyphasic waves in EMG (in 2 out of 3 examined patients) were also noted. Interestingly, a very late response was noted in the F-wave study of all patients, probably indicating lesions involving the proximal peripheral nerve or spinal cord.

Conclusion

In addition to the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system is also involved in sialidosis, with corresponding clinical symptoms. Further study on these phenomena is indicated.
Exploring the potential of Nauclea latifolia for sustainable synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles: characterization and antibacterial assessment
Authors: Abegunde Segun Michael , Olasehinde Emmanuel Folorunso , Adebayo Matthew Ayorinde
Published: May 2024

The work presents a report on Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized through a green approach using Nauclea latifolia fruit extracts, with a view to investigating the prepared nanoparticles for their antimicrobial activities. The ZnO NPs synthesized were characterized using various analytical instruments, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The instruments provided valuable information on the characteristics of the Zn ONPs. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The maximum absorption was observed at 379 nm. The average hydrodynamic size and the polydispersity index (PDI) were measured as 81.77 nm and 0.401, respectively. The nanomaterial has a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the Zn–O bond was detected at 537 cm–1. The nanoparticles were in the nano range with sizes ranging from 10.02 nm to 28.50 nm. The N. latifolia fruit extract-mediated ZnO NPs showed excellent performance against the two bacteria at all concentrations of ZnO NPs. The highest inhibition zones for E. coli and S. aureus at 8 mg/L of ZnO NPs are 21 and 16 mm, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into an efficient, simple, and environmentally friendly route for synthesizing ZnO NPs with a potential application in the biomedical field.
Non-suicidal self-injury motivation scale in a community sample of adolescents: a methodological study
Authors: Yu Jungok , Kim Myo-Sung , Kim Miyoung
Published: May 2024

Background

The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among South Korean adolescents has increased significantly, requiring academic attention. This methodological study aims to develop a non-suicidal self-injury motivation scale for adolescents and evaluate its validity and reliability.

Methods

In the first phase of scale development, the factors constituting self-injury motivation were identified through a literature review and analysis of online counseling data from self-injuring adolescents. In the second phase, 45 initial preliminary items were derived based on the identified factors, and 38 preliminary items were selected through content validation by experts. In the scale validation phase, the survey was conducted using 38 items. Data were collected from adolescents with a history of self-injury, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) involving 715 participants and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) involving 537 participants. The EFA involved 27.0% male and 73.0% female participants, with a mean age of 16.83 years, and the CFA involved 20.7% male and 79.3% female participants, with a mean age of 16.15 years. The data collected were tested for validity and reliability using SPSS 28.0 and M-plus.

Results

The EFA yielded four factors and 24 items. The factors were named interpersonal influence, emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and anti-suicide, and the scale had an explanatory power of 55.8%. In the CFA, the fit of the 23-item model after deleting one item with low standardized factor loadings was x2 = 1081.52 (p < .001), CFI = 0.829, RMSEA = 0.084, and SRMR = 0.075, confirming the acceptability of the self-injury motivation scale for adolescents. The scale evaluation results for convergent validity and discriminant validity met the criteria. The reliability test results showed that the overall reliability (Cronbach’s α) was 0.88, and the reliability (Cronbach’s α) of each factor was 0.89 for interpersonal influence, 0.83 for emotion regulation, 0.63 for sensation seeking, and 0.80 for anti-suicide, satisfying internal consistency.

Conclusion

In this study, the self-injury motivation scale for adolescents in the community comprised four factors and 23 items. The scale can be used to examine self-injury motivation among adolescents in the community and to develop self-injury prevention intervention programs.
A screw-type pacemaker lead implanted in the right atrium perforated the ascending aorta
Authors: Nakajima Tomohiro , Iba Yutaka , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Osamura Ayumu , Kamiyama Naoyuki , Nishikawa Ryo , Nakazawa Junji , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi
Published: May 2024

Background

Perforation by pacemaker leads, although rare, is a complication reported since the introduction of pacemaker therapy. Although historically reported frequencies were as high as 5%, recent reports have cited frequencies ranging from 1 to 2%. We report a case where a screw-type atrial lead slightly penetrated the right atrial wall, causing chronic abrasion of the ascending aorta, resulting in shock.

Case presentation

A 54-year-old male presented with dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed at 40 years of age when he developed decompensated heart failure. Despite ongoing treatment, his heart failure worsened, leading to hospitalization at the age of 54. During his hospital stay, he experienced cardiac arrest that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation, followed by a return of spontaneous circulation. He was subsequently transferred to our institution after initiation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Echocardiography revealed an ejection fraction of 25%, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 60 mm, and severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Transcatheter mitral valve repair was performed to treat severe MR, followed by implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). Three months later, the patient was brought to our emergency department by ambulance because of hypotension. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade, necessitating emergency pericardial decompression via left fourth intercostal mini-thoracotomy and drain placement. Upon transfer to the intensive care unit, 1200 mL of blood was drained from the chest tube, prompting a return to the operating room for a median sternotomy. It was discovered that the pacemaker lead on the left side of the right atrium had slowly eroded into the aorta, leading to perforation. The ascending aorta was repaired and hemostasis was achieved; the patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 18.

Conclusions

The pacemaker lead perforated the right atrium; chronic abrasion of the lead against the ascending aorta resulted in bleeding from the ascending aorta 3 months later.
BMC Environmental Science: open access publishing for a sustainable future
Authors: Nödl Marie-Therese
Published: May 2024

Human activities have caused climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss, affecting food security, health, and social equality. BMC Environmental Science addresses these issues by promoting open, cross-disciplinary research. The journal supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals, inviting submissions from all scientific fields including the natural, formal, and applied sciences, encouraging collaboration for global solutions.
Myth busting: Was Pulau Tiga really first created by a mud volcano eruption in 1897?
Authors: Tingay Mark R. P.
Published: May 2024

Pulau Tiga is Malaysia’s largest mud volcano, and the entire island is famously reported to have suddenly appeared in September 1897. The story of Pulau Tiga’s “birth” following two large earthquakes in the Philippines is widespread, being found in scientific papers, media stories, Wikipedia, and thousands of websites. This study “fact checks” whether Pulau Tiga really first appeared in 1897. The event is described in detail in one 1986 scientific study, and the idea of Pulau Tiga’s sudden appearance is supported by instances of islands being created by large mud volcano eruptions, such as Pulau Batu Hairan offshore Malaysia in 1988. However, maps of Borneo published prior to 1897 indicate that Pulau Tiga is charted on maps dating back to 1554 and specifically named on more than 40 maps. These maps conclusively prove that Pulau Tiga does not suddenly appear in 1897 and also indicate that Pulau Tiga has had approximately the same shape for centuries, demonstrating that the island was also not partially formed in 1897. A review of the newspapers and scientific reports from 1897 to 1904 reveals that two new islands did emerge offshore northern Borneo on 21 September 1897, but neither of them is Pulau Tiga. New mud volcano islands temporarily appeared off the western Klias Peninsula near Bukit Tomboh and off the northern tip of Sabah at the approximate position of the Pulau Batu Hairan. The origin of Pulau Tiga’s 1897 birth “myth” is proposed to be a 1986 study by McManus and Tate, who appear to have confused reports of an island forming off the Klias Peninsula in 1897 with an eruption of Pulau Tiga. This study definitively “busts” the myth of Pulau Tiga’s 1897 birth and unearths details of Malaysia’s history of large mud volcano eruptions that have been largely forgotten by the geoscience community.
Tailoring Therapy in Older Adults With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Mangan Brendan L. , DuMontier Clark , Hopkins Judith O. , Abel Gregory A. , McCurdy Shannon R.
Published: May 2024

Hematologic malignancies most often present in the sixth or seventh decade of life. Even so, many older adults may be unable to tolerate standard chemotherapy or require supplementary care or dose adjustments to do so. Both in community and academic centers, geriatric assessment (GA) can be used to improve the care of older adults with blood cancers. For example, hematologic oncologists can use GA to guide treatment selection, adjusting for patient frailty and goals, as well as prompt initiation of enhanced supportive care. After initial therapy, GA can improve the identification of older adults with aggressive myeloid malignancies who would benefit from hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), inform shared decision making, as well as allow transplanters to tailor conditioning regimen, donor selection, graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, and pre- and post-HCT treatments. As in HCT, GA can improve the care of older patients with relapsed lymphoma or multiple myeloma eligible for chimeric antigen receptor-T therapy, identifying patients at higher risk for toxicity and providing a baseline for subsequent neurocognitive testing. Here, we review the data supporting GA for the care of older adults with blood cancers, from the community to the academic center. In addition, we explore future directions to optimize outcomes for older adults with hematologic malignancies.
Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes Into the Care of People With Advanced Cancer—A Practical Guide
Authors: Lai-Kwon Julia , Thorner Elissa , Rutherford Claudia , Crossnohere Norah , Brundage Michael
Published: May 2024

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are being increasingly integrated into routine clinical practice to enhance individual patient care. This has been driven by recognition of the benefits of PROs in enhancing symptom management, patient satisfaction, quality of life, and overall survival, and reductions in acute health care utilization. These benefits are reflected in the emergence of value-based health care initiatives incorporating PRO symptom monitoring such as the Enhancing Oncology Model in the United States. However, implementing PROs can be challenging and it can be difficult to know where to begin to select appropriate PROs, and effectively display and appropriately interpret PRO data. This manuscript summarizes an educational session at the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting, which provided practical guidance to clinicians seeking to incorporate PROs into the care of people with advanced cancer. We focus on why it is important to collect PROs in routine care from a patient's perspective, how to select PROs for symptom monitoring (including using static patient-reported outcome measures and newer item libraries), and highlight key pearls and pitfalls in the display and interpretation of PROs. We highlight the breadth of existing resources available to guide clinicians in PRO implementation.
Deviant Devising
Authors: Adelsheim Ryan , Gentleman Rye , Hayford Michelle
Published: May 2024

Devised theater genealogies too often take shape around a set of primarily white, Western “ensemble-based” theater companies and training schools working in modes that emerged in Europe and the United States in the 1960s and 1970s in response to contemporary political circumstances and eventually found acceptance in the high-brow, avant garde cultural milieu. This cowritten, copresented article works to trouble that narrative by taking up the forms of queer and trans cocreated performance associated with underground queer spaces that have been excluded from histories of devised theater (drag, burlesque, ballroom, cabaret, parties, etc.). Using three case studies written in three different voices—the Chicago Kings, Sean Dorsey Dance and Fresh Meat Productions, and The Fly Honey Show—we examine what an alternative genealogy of devising, one that centers queer and trans artists, might look like.
Death and Prefiguration
Authors: Thomas Deborah A.
Published: May 2024

This essay, part of a roundtable celebrating the twentieth anniversary of the publication of Charles V. Carnegie’s Postnationalism Prefigured (2002), explores the theoretical effects of Carnegie’s insistence that we release ourselves from the thrall of liberal Western sovereignty. It addresses Carnegie’s prescient interventions in relation to three canards of political philosophy—race-based notions of belonging, the centrality of secularism to modern notions of political community, and particular discourses of autonomy and self-determination. The author argues that what Carnegie shows us is that the modernity of control and containment is continually one or two steps behind the countermodernity of subalterns, and that autonomy is rooted not in the race-nation-territory triad but in the everyday movements within, across, and beyond it.
Considering a Principled Foundation for Renewal and Repair
Authors: Carnegie Charles V.
Published: May 2024

This essay argues that a noncontingent, nonexclusionary notion of humanity’s oneness—constituted through difference rather than denying it—provides a principled foundation for social renewal and repair at all social scales. This foundation of human oneness is essential to overcoming the insecure conceptual foundations of modern social identities and their injurious, conflict-engendering effects, as well as addressing the urgent challenges confronting the planet. In effect, given our species and planetary interconnectedness, processes of social regeneration from the local to the global must be congruent, undertaken simultaneously, and grounded in our noncontingent humanness. Building on the author’s critique of the stultifying impact of racial and national modes of belonging in his Postnationalism Prefigured (2002), and in dialogue with the work of David Scott, Deborah Thomas, and other critics of the postcolonial Caribbean gathered for the symposium marking the book’s twentieth anniversary, the essay discusses other closely interconnected historical legacies in Jamaica and the Caribbean—relatively low levels of trust and weak social institutions—that, along with race-thinking, hinder the reconstitution of social life.
Developing Dispositions for Transfer
Authors: Mack Nancy
Published: May 2024

This article suggests pedagogical practices to help first-generation students gain effective problem-solving strategies for the future transfer of writing knowledge and skills. The retention of first-generation students depends on developing four positive dispositions for learning: success attribution, self-efficacy, expectancy value, and self-regulation. Meaningful writing assignments with a connection to students’ cultural experiences are an essential foundation for improving transfer. Specific reflective activities are detailed for analyzing emotional reactions to writing experiences, evaluating procedural writing strategies, and solving current and future writing-related problems. A reflective problem-solving pedagogy promotes deep learning by emphasizing students’ agency in responding to writing difficulties and their resourcefulness in creating successful solutions.
“This Weird Thing I'm Discovering”
Authors: Gallagher Chris W.
Published: May 2024

This article addresses a pervasive but undertheorized literacy practice: ghostwriting. Drawing on a five-year interview study with undergraduate students, I describe the many ghostwriting tasks that participants were asked to perform for their co-op jobs and how they perceived those tasks. Overall, students were bewildered by ghostwriting and found it very different from, and in some ways at odds with, their academic writing. Given the ubiquity of ghostwriting and the likelihood that much of it will be offloaded to artificial intelligence in coming years, I call for and begin to outline a critical pedagogical approach to ghostwriting grounded in critical language awareness.
Por que as democracias cambaleiam? Desenvolvimento e crise no mundo contemporâneo
Authors: Araújo Cícero
Published: May 2024

Este artigo faz uma apreciação da obra do professor Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira, tendo em vista sua teoria sobre a relação entre democracia e desenvolvimento capitalista. Primeiro, retorna à versão original da teoria, escrita em 2002, para em seguida discutir sua atualização em texto publicado em 2020, no qual confronta suas hipóteses com o fato da recente ascensão de correntes autoritárias de extrema-direita. Finalmente, o artigo esboça, com base nos próprios recursos conceituais da teoria de Bresser-Pereira, uma explicação alternativa da crise atual das democracias nos países ricos.
Exchange rate policy as a public policy: An inquiry into policy images
Authors: Machado João Guilherme Rocha
Published: May 2024

An exchange rate at the “right level” is of paramount importance for economic development, according to the new developmentalism. The portrayal of exchange rates in the media may serve as a proxy for the current policy images, and the media can also shape the policy images held by the public. The methodology of this paper is based on the content analysis of editorials from Folha de S. Paulo. The depreciated exchange rate is usually viewednegatively. An exchange rate policy that tries to maintain the exchange rate depreciated or avoid its appreciation often carries a negative policy image. For such a policy to gain traction in the public agenda, it would need a positive policy image portraying a depreciated exchange rate as beneficial for enhancing the competitiveness of domestic companies, increasing income, and creating more and higher-paying jobs.
Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on psychological status, compliance behavior and quality of life of patients with malignant tumor combined with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hou Xiao-juan , Qin Ming-yi , Liu Yue-qin , Zhao Qin , Wang Fu-jun , Bai Lei
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of motivational interview education on psychological status, compliance behavior and quality of life in patients with malignant tumors combined with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. Eighty patients with malignant tumors combined with diabetes mellitus admitted at The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022 were included as subjects and divided into observation group and control group according to the intervention measures. Patients in the control group were given routine health education intervention, while those in the observation group were given motivational interviewing intervention on the basis of the control group. We compared the prognosis, cognitive function, quality of life, relief of cancer pain before intervention and three months after the intervention of the two groups were compared.
Results: At three months after the intervention, the total remission rate of cancer pain in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.05), while the levels of FBG and 2hPG in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores decreased in both groups three months after the intervention, with the level of reduction in the observation group being higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). The overall compliance was higher in the observation group than in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Motivational interviewing leads to alleviate negative emotions, improve the psychological status, enhance compliance behavior and improve quality of life in patients with malignant tumors combined with diabetes mellitus.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.7627
How to cite this: Hou X, Qin M, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Wang F, Bai L. Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on psychological status, compliance behavior and quality of life of patients with malignant tumor combined with diabetes mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1087-1092. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.7627
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Trends in managing femoral neck fractures with arthroplasty in the ≥ 50 years age group
Authors: Bukhari Syed Imran , Noman Ali  , Saleem Ullah  , Ullah Mian Asad
Published: May 2024

Objective: To know about the trends in the management of neck of femur fractures with arthroplasty in patients ≥ 50 years.
Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study with data collection from Hospital Management Information System from 1st January 2020 to 31st July 2023. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Mean & standard deviation was reported for quantitative variable & frequency and proportion were reported for qualitative variables. The cross- tabulations were performed to evaluate the association between the variables.
Results: Total number of patients in this study was 305. Mean age was 67.80 ± 10.5 SD. Male to female ratio was 150:155. Co-morbidities were found in 126 patients. The surgical options used were Austin Moore prosthesis (64), Cemented Bipolar (36), Hybrid Total Hip Replacement (7), Non-cemented Total Hip Replacement (86), Cemented Total Hip Replacement (32), Uncemented Bipolar (71). Garden Type-2 fracture was noted in 33 patients, Type-3 in 170 patients and Type-4 in 87 patients. Cemented stem was used in 74 patients while 222 patients had non-cemented stem.
Conclusion: One quarter of the patients had cemented stem implanted compared to three quarter of the patients who had non-cemented stem.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9135
How to cite this: Bukhari SI, Ali N, Saleem Ullah, Asad Ullah M. Trends in managing femoral neck fractures with arthroplasty in the ≥ 50 years age group. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1073-1076. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9135
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Η διερεύνηση της αυτονομίας των εξαρτημένων ατόμων από μη νόμιμες ναρκωτικές ουσίες σε δείγμα ελληνικού πληθυσμού
Authors: Καρακάση Μαρία-Βαλέρια
Published: May 2024

Ως αυτονομία ορίζεται η κατάσταση στην οποία κανείς δύναται να αυτοδιακυβερνάται και να ζει ελεύθερα σύμφωνα με τις αυθεντικές του επιθυμίες ή αξίες. Η βιοηθική ορίζει ότι το αυτόνομο υποκείμενο λαμβάνει αυτόνομες αποφάσεις και είναι ικανό να ενεργεί αναλόγως με αυτές. Για να θεωρηθεί αυτόνομη, μια απόφαση πρέπει να εκτελείται με κάποια ηθελημένη πρόθεση, με την κατανόηση των σχετικών δεδομένων και εν απουσία είτε εξωτερικών είτε εσωτερικών ελεγκτικών επιρροών που να καθορίζουν τη δράση του υποκειμένου. Η παρούσα διατριβή είχε ως στόχο να διερευνήσει την επίδραση της εξάρτησης από απαγορευμένες ουσίες στην αυτονομία, με τις όποιες συνεπαγόμενες νομικές και βιοηθικές προεκτάσεις, και να αναπτύξει «εργαλεία» αξιολόγησης που μπορούν να είναι εφαρμόσιμα και αξιόπιστα για τον ελληνικό πληθυσμό, επικεντρωνόμενη κυρίως σε παραμέτρους που υποβαθμίζουν την αυτονομία. Η στατιστική ανάλυση πραγματοποιήθηκε σε δείγμα 189 ατόμων του ελληνικού πληθυσμού που απευθύνθηκαν στις ελληνικές υπηρεσίες υγείας, τα οποία στη συνέχεια υποδιαιρέθηκαν σε μια ομάδα 91 ατόμων εξαρτημένων από ουσίες, με βάση την υπουργική απόφαση της χώρας περί τοξικομανίας, και σε μια ομάδα ελέγχου 98 ατόμων του γενικού πληθυσμού. Στην παρούσα διατριβή χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα που προέκυψαν από ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις και αξιολόγηση των ψυχικών λειτουργιών, κατόπιν ενημερωμένης συγκατάθεσης. Πραγματοποιήθηκε ποιοτική ανάλυση των ημιδομημένων συνεντεύξεων μεταξύ είκοσι τυχαίων εξαρτημένων συμμετεχόντων για την επιβεβαίωση και τον αναστοχασμό επί των ευρημάτων. Τα ευρήματα της παρούσας διατριβής απέδωσαν εννέα διακριτές αλλά αλληλεπιδρώσες συνιστώσες σχετιζόμενες με την αυτονομία, οι οποίες απέδωσαν ισχυρή στατιστική σημαντικότητα μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων. Η ομάδα των εξαρτημένων ατόμων παρουσίασε σημαντικά χαμηλότερη συνολική λειτουργικότητα σε σημαντικούς τομείς της ζωής, χαμηλότερες γνωστικές λειτουργίες, υποβαθμισμένη κρίση, υποβαθμισμένη διάκριση ουσιώδους/επουσιώδους, υποβαθμισμένη εναισθησία, υποβαθμισμένη ικανότητα λήψης αποφάσεων προς το συμφέρον της υγείας καθώς και μειωμένο έλεγχο των παρορμήσεων, ενώ παρουσίασε διαταραχές συμπεριφοράς και είχε εκδηλωμένη αυτοκαταστροφικότητα κατά τη διάρκεια της ζωής σε σημαντικά υψηλότερο ποσοστό. Με αυτή τη συνάρτηση, το 96,9% της ομάδας ελέγχου και το 91,1% της ομάδας των εξαρτημένων ατόμων κατατάχθηκαν στις σωστές ομάδες, αποδίδοντας σημαντική συνοχή ως προς τη διαφοροποίηση και αξιοπιστία. Σύμφωνα με τα παρόντα ευρήματα, οι Έλληνες που πληρούσαν τα κριτήρια του DSM-5 για την εξάρτηση και απευθύνθηκαν σε υπηρεσίες υγείας βρέθηκαν ετερόνομοι. Διαπιστώθηκε, επομένως, ότι η εξάρτηση από μη νόμιμες ουσίες είναι μια διαταραχή που μπορεί να επηρεάσει τη λήψη αποφάσεων και δεν υπόκειται στην έννοια της ατομικής επιλογής.
Introducción a la anatomía
Authors: Luque Ricardo Miguel
Published: May 2024

Este módulo busca dar una aproximación a la terminología anatómica general. Esta es fundamental para el estudiante de medicina debido a que es de uso cotidiano en la práctica clínica para las descripciones de los pacientes, ya sean semiológicas, patológicas, quirúrgicas o en imágenes diagnósticas. Por tanto, su adecuado manejo forma parte fundamental de la práctica profesional.
Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with worse health-related quality of life and greater opioid analgesia use while waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gallagher Nicola , Cassidy Roslyn , Karayiannis Paul , Scott Chloe E. H. , Beverland David
Published: May 2024

Aims

The overall aim of this study was to determine the impact of deprivation with regard to quality of life, demographics, joint-specific function, attendances for unscheduled care, opioid and antidepressant use, having surgery elsewhere, and waiting times for surgery on patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Postal surveys were sent to 1,001 patients on the waiting list for THA or TKA in a single Northern Ireland NHS Trust, which consisted of the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), visual analogue scores (EQ-VAS), and Oxford Hip and Knee Scores. Electronic records determined prescriptions since addition to the waiting list and out-of-hour GP and emergency department attendances. Deprivation quintiles were determined by the Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2017 using postcodes of home addresses.

Results

Overall, 707 postal surveys were returned, of which 277 (39.2%) reported negative “worse than death” EQ-5D scores and 219 (21.9%) reported the consumption of strong opioids. Those from the least deprived quintile 5 had a significantly better EQ-5D index (median 0.223 (interquartile range (IQR) -0.080 to 0.503) compared to those in the most deprived quintiles 1 (median 0.049 (IQR -0.199 to 0.242), p = 0.004), 2 (median 0.076 (IQR -0.160 to 0.277; p = 0.010), and 3 (median 0.076 (IQR-0.153 to 0.301; p = 0.010). Opioid use was significantly greater in the most deprived quintile 1 compared to all other quintiles (45/146 (30.8%) vs 174/809 (21.5%); odds ratio 1.74 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.57; p = 0.005).

Conclusion

More deprived patients have worse health-related quality of life and greater opioid use while waiting for THA and TKA than more affluent patients. For patients awaiting surgery, more information and alternative treatment options should be available.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(5):444–451.
A Rare Case of Comminuted Fracture Shaft Humerus with Intercondylar Extension with Monteggia Dislocation and its Management- A Case Report
Authors: Nallakumarasamy Arulkumar , Manjhi Birju , Sinha Shivam , Arya Rajkumar , Singh Lalit Pratap
Published: May 2024

Background:

Monteggia fracture-dislocation is a rare entity in adults with an incidence of less than 1%. However a combination of fracture shaft humerus with distal intraarticular extension along with monteggia fracture dislocation in an ipsilateral upper limb is very hard to find and manage, owing to its rare presentation.

Material:

In this report we detailed the surgical management of comminuted fracture(splinter) of shaft humerus with intercondylar extension AO C2 with typeII monteggia fracture dislocation with the usage proper implants in an 25 year old male with a 3 year follow up.

Result:

It shows that the fracture united well at appropriate time period and elbow range of movements were satisfactory ranges from 20° to 130° with no limitation in supination and pronation.

Conclusion:

Such a complex elbow injuries are difficult to find in the literature. This study addresses the proper surgical management in terms of approach and usage of appropriate implants to improve the long term functional outcome when dealing with such a injuries.
“Hard to find another woman like her”: Constantine’s Empress Fausta
Authors: Image Isabella
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Discussion of the Empress Fausta, wife of Constantine, has in the past concentrated largely on theories about her death. This article follows current trends on Late Antique empresses by examining the clues about her life and activities. It demonstrates her role in helping Constantine assert his imperial legitimacy, and suggests an involvement in church affairs and patronage of buildings. In all, she had more visibility in the public sphere than she is often credited with.
Geometric construction of relativistic and non-relativistic distortion
Authors: Wells Gordon , Wu YiChen , Locher Maik , Courtial Johannes
Published: May 2024

To an observer moving through a scene with a relativistic velocity, the scene appears distorted. Here we present a simple geometric interpretation of this relativistic distortion. This interpretation is exact for pinhole cameras whose shutter coincides with the pinhole, and it can easily be modified to take into account time-of-flight effects only that lead to a “non-relativistic distortion,” allowing a separation of the relativistic distortion into time-of-flight effects and “truly relativistic” effects. We make use of our construction in Einstagram, a web app designed for running on mobile devices that displays the video streams from the device cameras, relativistically or non-relativistically distorted for an arbitrary, user-defined, observer velocity. Our work facilitates an intuitive understanding of relativistic distortion.
Thermal nonlinear optical responses of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein solutions at visible and infra-red wavelengths: complementary approaches
Authors: Cuppo F. L. S. , Santisteban A. R. N. , Figueiredo Neto A. M.
Published: May 2024

Single beam Z-scan (ZS) experiments at 532 nm (visible) and 979 nm [infra-red (IR)] wavelengths were used to determine photothermal responses of native and oxidized aqueous suspensions of human low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The wavelengths employed in the measurements were chosen according to the optical absorption solute (LDL particles) and solvent (water) of the suspension. At 532 nm, water presents negligible absorbance, and the LDL is responsible for the light absorption. On the other hand, at 979 nm, the water is the main light absorber. In the visible light case, the particles absorb the laser light and, by conduction, transfer heat to water to form the thermal lens. In the IR experiments, water is the main absorber and transfers the heat to the particles to form the thermal lens. We show that with the IR light it is possible to investigate high degrees of oxidation of LDL, not possible with the usual visible light experiments. Differently from the usual ZS experiments with LDL at visible light, the magnitude of the thermal lens formed in the IR experiments was shown to be bigger in oxidized samples with respect to that of the native samples. For both wavelengths, all samples whose response was measured presented negative nonlinearity (self-defocusing behavior). It was also observed, in experiments with IR light, that the formation time of the thermal lens tends to decrease with the increase in the degree of oxidation of the sample.
Role of spatial coherence in diffractive optical neural networks
Authors: Filipovich Matthew J. , Malyshev Aleksei , Lvovsky A. I.
Published: May 2024

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have emerged as a promising optical hardware platform for ultra-fast and energy-efficient signal processing for machine learning tasks, particularly in computer vision. Previous experimental demonstrations of DONNs have only been performed using coherent light. However, many real-world DONN applications require consideration of the spatial coherence properties of the optical signals. Here, we study the role of spatial coherence in DONN operation and performance. We propose a numerical approach to efficiently simulate DONNs under incoherent and partially coherent input illumination and discuss the corresponding computational complexity. As a demonstration, we train and evaluate simulated DONNs on the MNIST dataset of handwritten digits to process light with varying spatial coherence.
Fast simulation for interacting four-level Rydberg atoms: electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting
Authors: Xu Xinyi Y. I. , Xie Guoda , Ma Jinlou , Ying Lei , Yuan Jinpeng , Huang Zhixiang , Sha Wei E. I.
Published: May 2024

Quantum sensing using Rydberg atoms is an emerging technology for precise measurement of electric fields. However, most existing computational methods are all based on a single-particle model and neglect Rydberg-Rydberg interaction between atoms. In this study, we introduce the interaction term into the conventional four-level optical Bloch equations. By incorporating fast iterations and solving for the steady-state solution efficiently, we avoid the computation of a massive 4

N

 × 4

N

dimensional matrix. Additionally, we apply the Doppler frequency shift to each atom used in the calculation, eliminating the requirement for an additional Doppler iteration. These schemes allow for the calculation of the interaction between 7000 atoms around one minute. Based on the many-body model, we investigate the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction of Rydberg atoms under different atomic densities. Furthermore, we compare our results with the literature data of a three-level system and the experimental results of our own four-level system. The results demonstrate the validity of our model, with an effective error of 4.59% compared to the experimental data. Finally, we discover that the many-body model better predicts the linear range for measuring electric fields than the single-particle model, making it highly applicable in precise electric field measurements.
Block-length aware enumerative sphere shaping for probabilistic shaping optical transmission system
Authors: Wang Xuezhen , Yang Lishan , Bai Chenglin , Xu Hengying , Zhang Yining , Cui Yuanhao , Wang Guizhen , Pan Danping , Li Pengfei
Published: May 2024

Due to its large transmission capacity and low complexity, probabilistic shaping (PS) technology has been attracting increasing attention. The commonly used constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) in PS technology, which generates amplitude sequences with a fixed empirical distribution, exhibits higher rate loss for short block lengths. In this paper, we present a block-length aware enumerative sphere shaping (BA-ESS) designed to implement probability shaping within high-order modulation formats, which can transition between static (BA-ESS-S) and dynamic (BA-ESS-D) modes based on the block length. When dealing with short block lengths, it will be switched to the static mode. On the contrary, for longer block lengths, the algorithm will be transitioned to dynamic mode, which is a real-time coding method that effectively reduces storage complexity. We validate the transmission performance of this scheme through a 28 GBaud PS-64QAM simulation system and an 8 GBaud PS-64QAM transmission experiment. Through the analysis of simulation results, it can be observed that BA-ESS achieves handsome gains over ESS and optimum ESS (OESS). When all three schemes reach the NGMI threshold, for a block length of 40, BA-ESS provides OSNR gains of 0.88 dB and 0.34 dB compared to ESS and OESS, respectively. Additionally, experimental results indicate that for a block length of 20, the BA-ESS scheme offers an OSNR gain of 0.97 dB relative to ESS.
Negative corona discharge strategy for efficient quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Ling , Li Dongdong , Wang Aqiang , Guo Wenchao , Su Xiyang , Shang Jifang , Du Wenjing , Liu Shaohui , Ma Zhiwei
Published: May 2024

In colloid quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), the control of interface states between ZnO and quantum dots (QDs) plays a vital role. We present a straightforward and efficient method using a negative corona discharge to modify the QD film, creating a dipole moment at the interface of QDs and magnesium-doped ZnO (ZnMgO) for balanced charge carrier distribution within the QDs. This process boosts external quantum efficiencies in red, green, and blue QLEDs to 17.71%, 14.53%, and 9.04% respectively. Notably, optimized devices exhibit significant enhancements, especially at lower brightness levels (1000 to 10,000 cd·m−2), vital for applications in mobile displays, TV screens, and indoor lighting.
Coherent amplitude modulation of continuous-wave light in cesium vapor
Authors: Zhang X. , Kim J. B. , Antypas D.
Published: May 2024

We report on observations of coherent, sustained oscillations in the absorption of continuous-wave light at 388 nm that excites the 6S1/2 → 8P3/2 transition in cesium (Cs) vapor. The oscillation frequency is close to the spacing of hyperfine levels of the 8P3/2 level that are excited simultaneously by the 388 nm field. We observe a threshold behavior of the oscillation amplitude with pump power and suggest that the effect is associated with infrared directional emission due to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from the 8P3/2 → 8S1/2 transition that is assisted by retro-reflections from cell windows. The effect may be used to probe a lasing process in an atomic vapor, by checking the temporal properties of the pump field transmitted through the vapor.
Passive laser power stabilization in a broadband noise spectrum via a second-harmonic generator
Authors: Jiao Nanjing , Li Ruixin , An Bingnan , Wang Jiawei , Chen Lirong , Wang Yajun , Zheng Yaohui
Published: May 2024

An extremely conspicuous passive power noise stabilization is the first, to the best of our knowledge, discovered in a cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) process. Differing from the SHG as a buffer reservoir, the stronger strength of the nonlinear interaction pushes the power noise suppression level to a higher value and exhibits a broadband noise reduction performance due to the mechanism of dynamic pump suppression in the SHG process. The noise is suppressed to near shot noise limit (SNL) among the kHz to MHz frequency range, accompanied by a maximum noise reduction of 35 dB. A comprehensive demonstration indicates that the nonlinear interaction has no function on the phase noise of fundamental and harmonic waves. A theoretical model is also established that is consistent well with the experimental results. The methodology is beneficial to multiple optical metrology experiments.
Coaxial transceiving LiDAR based on a silicon photonic optical phased array
Authors: Chen Jingye , Li Wenlei , Lian Daixin , Zhao Shi , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: May 2024

A high performance optical phased array (OPA) combined with frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technology is essential for coherent all-solid-state light detection and ranging (LiDAR). In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a coaxial transceiver based on a single OPA for a LiDAR system, which releases the off-chip circulator and collimator. The proposed scheme is demonstrated on the commonly used silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. For realizing the long optical grating antenna with only one-step etching, the bound state in the continuum is harnessed to simplify the fabrication process and ease the fabrication precision. Experimental results indicate that the OPA is with 0.076° vertical beam divergence under a 1.5 mm-long grating antenna. The measured field of view (FOV) is 40° × 8° without grating lobes under a wavelength band of 60 nm. The coaxial transceiver of the single OPA is also demonstrated with the FMCW method for ranging measurement at different angles.
Cryptosporidium parvum disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier in neonatal mice through downregulation of cell junction molecules
Authors: Luo Chaowei , Xu Yanhua , Zhang Jie , Tian Qing , Guo Yaqiong , Li Na , Feng Yaoyu , Xu Rui , Xiao Lihua
Published: May 2024

Background

Cryptosporidium spp. cause watery diarrhea in humans and animals, especially in infants and neonates. They parasitize the apical surface of the epithelial cells in the intestinal lumen. However, the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium-induced diarrhea is not fully understood yet.

Methodology/principal findings

In this study, we infected C57BL/6j neonatal mice with C. parvum IIa and IId subtypes, and examined oocyst burden, pathological changes, and intestinal epithelial permeability during the infection. In addition, transcriptomic analyses were used to study the mechanism of diarrhea induced by the C. parvum IId subtype. The neonatal mice were sensitive to both C. parvum IIa and IId infection, but the IId subtype caused a wide oocyst shedding window and maintained the high oocyst burden in the mice compared with the IIa subtype. In addition, the mice infected with C. parvum IId resulted in severe intestinal damage at the peak of infection, leading to increased permeability of the epithelial barrier. The KEGG, GO and GSEA analyses revealed that the downregulation of adherens junction and cell junction molecules at 11 dpi. Meanwhile, E-cadherin, which is associated with adherens junction, was reduced at the protein level in mouse ileum at peak and late infection.

Conclusions/significance

C. parvum IId infection causes more severe pathological damage than C. parvum IIa infection in neonatal mice. Furthermore, the impairment of the epithelial barrier during C. parvum IId infection results from the downregulation of intestinal junction proteins.
Regulation of YAP and Wnt signaling by the endosomal protein MAMDC4
Authors: Cox Christopher M. , Wu Meng-Han , Padilla-Rodriguez Marco , Blum Isabella , Momtaz Samina , Mitchell Stefanie A. T. , Wilson Jean M.
Published: May 2024

Maintenance of the intestinal epithelium requires constant self-renewal and regeneration. Tight regulation of proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells within the crypt region is critical to maintaining homeostasis. The transcriptional co-factors β-catenin and YAP are required for proliferation during normal homeostasis as well as intestinal regeneration after injury: aberrant signaling activity results in over proliferation and tumorigenesis. Although both YAP and β-catenin activity are controlled along canonical pathways, it is becoming increasingly clear that non-canonical regulation of these transcriptional regulators plays a role in fine tuning their activity. We have shown previously that MAMDC4 (Endotubin, AEGP), an integral membrane protein present in endosomes, regulates both YAP and β-catenin activity in kidney epithelial cells and in the developing intestinal epithelium. Here we show that MAMDC4 interacts with members of the signalosome and mediates cross-talk between YAP and β-catenin. Interestingly, this cross-talk occurs through a non-canonical pathway involving interactions between AMOT:YAP and AMOT:β-catenin.