bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivasi Pemilihan Lintas Minat Sains pada Siswa Jurusan Ilmu Sosial
Authors: Yendrita Yendrita
Published: January 2020

This study aims to find out how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation affects students of the Social Sciences Department of SMA N I Suliki District in choosing cross-interest of Science. This type of research is quantitative research with descriptive methods. The research instrument is a set of questionnaire. Samples were taken with a total sampling technique, then the subjects of this study were all students of class X majoring in Social Sciences who chose cross interest of Science, amounting to 126 people, data analysis technique is a percentage technique. Based on the results of data analysis, intrinsic motivation that influences the selection of cross-student interests is as follows: based on ideals of 70.58%, based on student abilities of 69.44%, based on student conditions of 70.33%, based on interests of 66.93 %, based on the attitude of 75.06%, while extrinsic motivation that influences the selection of students' cross-interest is as follows; based on family encouragement of 62.56%, encouragement of friends 59.32%, employment opportunities of 69.57% and opportunities to continue study 61.50%. Whereas based on sub-variables, intrinsic motivation was found to influence the cross-selection of scientific interest by 70.48% (in the good category) and extrinsic motivation by 62.75% (in the good category). The conclusions of this study are: intrinsic motivation influences students more in crossing scientific interests than extrinsic motivation

Keywords: Motivation, SAINS Cross-Interest Selection,
Національна політика в СРСР у добу перебудови (1985-1991 рр.)
Authors: Кононенко Валерій
Published: January 2020

The article explores the features of the national policy of the USSR during the years of perestroika. The author analyzes the changes in the program documents of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and focuses on changes in the political course of power to relations in a multinational society. The study argues that the rejection of the authoritarian type of behavior in solving the national question was by no means intended to radically change the principles and strategic objectives of the policy regarding ethnic communities. The democratization of society contributed to the growth of national movements, and then the emergence of centrifugal trends. After the first ethnic conflicts in country, party and state leaders of USSR rated the gaps in legislation of national relations, but stop the increase of interethnic conflicts that again broke out in the USSR in 1989-1990, could almost not. The slogans of perestroika contributed to the politicization of society, and unresolved national problems contributed to the radicalization of political processes.
Among the main causes of aggravation of national problems during the perestroika was the outdated legal framework on the national issue in the Soviet Union. In fact, a legal vacuum was created regarding the extension of rights of national communities, which did not correspond in any way to the internal processes taking place in the country. The issues of national education, culture, religion, revival of national mass media, formation of public national-cultural societies were not regulated. The vast majority of newly formed national associations in the USSR had semi-legal status during the perestroika. In the first phase of restructuring, all-Union legislation was primarily aimed at supporting economic reform, and legal regulation of issues related to national policy began only in 1990.
The country's political power was gradually plunged into the chaos of the political and socio-economic crisis in the late 1980s and early 1990s, lost control of the situation, and failed to offer either society or the republican national elites a new political course and practical model of resolving contradictions in national relations, which led to the collapse of the USSR.
Щоденники Астрід Ліндгрен як джерело з історії повсякденного життя шведів у роки Другої світової війни
Authors: Коляструк Ольга
Published: January 2020

У статті розглядаються щоденники воєнного часу, які Астрід Ліндгрен вела впродовж 1939-1945 рр. Джерелознавчий аналіз здійснено з позицій відображення змін у повсякденному житті в роки Другої світової війни. Особливість щоденника в тому, що авторські записи в ньому супроводжуються вирізками з офіційної преси і фрагментами особистих листів громадян, що стали відомі авторці під час її роботи у Відділі перевірки кореспонденції Національної служби безпеки. За фіксацією оцінок і відібраної для фіксації інформації можна простежити як особисту позицію авторки, так і громадську думку про війну в цілому. Записки звичайної домогосподарки дозволяють простежити динаміку настроїв шведських громадян, їх ставлення до влади, до політики нейтралітету країни, до винуватців війни – нацистської Німеччини і сталінської Росії. Авторка визначає їх як рівновеликі загрози миру. Водночас щоденник говорить про домінування страху перед радянською окупацією і диктатурою більшовиків. А.Ліндгрен розмірковує про радянсько-фінську війну 1939-1940 рр.

Щоденники показують, як змінилися матеріальні умови праці і побуту, відпочинку і дозвілля країни в цілому і родини Ліндгрен, зокрема. Вона пише, що стан її сім’ї покращився, втім вона співчуває постраждалим від війни, скаліченим німцям і фінам, американцям і англійцям, блокадникам Ленінграду і жителям окупованої Європи. Під час війни світ для неї не обмежується, а навпаки розширюється, емпатія не замикається сімейним колом, вона переглядає власні погляди. А.Ліндгрен не ототожнює державну ідеологію і політику воюючих сторін з суспільними настроями в них. За текстом щоденника можна простежити особистісну еволюцію самої А. Ліндгрен від звичного обивателя до відповідального громадянина, зміцнення в її світогляді демократичних позицій і гуманістичних ідеалів.
Українська ідея Ігоря Губаржевського
Authors: Кравчук Олександр , Кравчук Людмила
Published: January 2020

The article is highlighted the views of a talented linguist, church figure, publicist, poet, prose writer I. Hubarzhevsky (1905-1970) on the principles of the revival and development of the Ukrainian state. The main milestones of the life of I. Hubarzhevsky are revealed, in particular, some aspects of his activity in emigration in Great Britain and the USA. It was emphasized that Hubarzhevsky remained true to the idea of an independent Ukrainian state throughout his life. In his writings, which are inherent in the national-patriotic orientation, he touched on pressing issues of socio-political issues, thinking them on the basis of Christian ethics. I. Hubarzhevsky expressed his views on the revival and development of the Ukrainian state in the articles in various emigrant publications, mainly published in 1957-1968 not claiming to be an exhaustive program of state formation. In it are highlighted the understanding of I. Hubarzhevsky's democratic principles of the political structure of the Ukrainian state, application of the principles of social justice in it are highlighted. Also the views of I. Hubarzhevsky are show on socio-cultural aspects of the Ukrainian idea, leading in which he saw the development of spirituality, education and upbringing. The conclusions noted that the ideal of I. Hubarzhevsky was a democratic state with a developed civil society. The author considered the principle of catholicity an important basis of state formation, called for national and ideological unity of the Ukrainian nation, which can be achieved only in conditions of free social development of the population of different Ukraine’s parts. I. Hubarzhevsky stressed the importance of ensuring social justice, religious tolerance, creating a modern education system in the Ukrainian state. I. Hubarzhevsky's views are based on the combination of traditional Ukrainian spirituality with the modern political and economic achievements of Western countries. Nowadays, some ideas of I. Hubarzhevsky may be considered conservative, but many of them remain relevant.
Походження та діяльність Богдана Хмельницького до 1648 року в трактуванні російських істориків
Authors: Степанчук Юрій , Прилипко Руслан
Published: January 2020

Bohdan Khmelnytsky is the most popular figure in the Russian historiography. The Ukrainian hetman most often had been attracting the attention of scientists, becoming the object of various studies and ideological manipulations. B. Khmelnytsky also firmly entered the historical memory of the Russians as a compulsory and significant component of it. His image is easily remembered in the general public, inevitably associated with positive historical characters.

The article analyzes contemporary Russian historiography on the origin and activity of Bohdan Khmelnytsky until 1648. It was emphasized that the Russian traditionalists gravitate to the exaltation of B. Khmelnytsky, who, in their opinion, has carried out a global historical mission on a planetary scale – «brought Ukraine under the «high royal hand»». At the same time, the modernizers are looking for the origin, upbringing, social environment and character traits of B. Khmelnytsky in support of the deprivation of the pro-Moscow orientation of explanations of his political concepts.

Contemporary Russian historiographical images of the hetman – traditionnalist and modernizing are based on fundamentally similar interpretations of B. Khmelnytsky’s life before the Ukrainian National Liberation War. This shows well how much the conceptual shell plays in Russian historiography when interpreting the base material.

The origin of B. Khmelnitsky and his activity until 1648 became those topics that the representatives of both camps of Russian historiography could not get past. Both here and there they are trying to bring their concepts to the ground or to support them with appeals to the «pre-war» period of the hetman’s life.
What Are We Doing When We Are Doing Democratic Theory?
Authors: Fleuß Dannica , Schaal Gary S.
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the (often implicit) understanding of democratic theory that is presupposed by scholars who engage in this practice and provides an answer to the question: “What are we doing when we are doing democratic theory?” We flesh out the core features of this scholarly activity by relating it to and differentiating it from assessments made from the perspective of political philosophy and political science. We argue that democratic theory aims at proposing institutional devices that are (a) problem-solving approaches and (b) embodiments of normative principles. This two-faced structure requires democratic theorists to engage in feedback loops with political philosophy on the one hand and empirical political science on the other. This implies that democratic theorists must adopt a dynamic approach: democratic theories must “fit” societal circumstances. In consequence, they must be adapted in case of fundamental societal transformations. We exemplify this dynamic character by referring to digitalization-induced changes in democratic societies and their implications for democratic theorists’ practice.
Democratic Theory as Social Codification
Authors: Ewert Christian , Repetti Marion
Published: January 2020

What is democratic theory? In this article we treat it as a semiotic code – that is to say, a shared assumption – and argue that democratic theory enables people to think and talk about the idea(s) of democracy. Furthermore, the application of this specific code is highly political. For one, it is embedded in concrete contexts and discourses and used in arguments and narratives. In addition, the application of democratic theory has also substantial consequences on the lives of people. We illustrate this argument by reflecting briefly on Abraham Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address” and its recodification and consequences in different contexts.
Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Paxton Marie
Published: January 2020

This article seeks to explore democratic theory by focusing on the example of agonistic democracy, in which contest between citizens is valued for its potential to render politics more inclusive, more engaging, and more virtuous. Using Connolly and Tully’s inclusivism, Chantal Mouffe’s adversarialism, and David Owen’s perfectionism, the article discusses democratic theory as a critique, a series of normative proposals, and a potential bridge between political theory and public policy. It is this bridge that enables democratic theory to pull together critical and normative discussions with those surrounding public policy and institutional design.
Reflecting on Fifty Years of Democratic Theory
Authors: Pateman Carole , Smith Graham
Published: January 2020

Carole Pateman reflects on her fifty years of scholarship in conversation with Graham Smith. The discussion focuses particular attention on Pateman’s work on participatory democracy and considers her contributions to debates on political obligation, feminism, basic income, and deliberative democracy.
THE REGION OF PAKISTAN, CHINA, AND INDIA: GEOPOLITICAL CURRENTS AFTER THE COLD WAR TILL 9/11
Authors: Khurshaid  , Ali Ahmad , Shah Syed Ali
Published: January 2020

After the Cold War Pakistan, China and India had opportunities to adjust each other according to the geopolitical trends of the time. In the post-Cold War era, there was no Soviet Union to influence relations between India and China. On the other side, Pakistan did not lose its Cold War ally, United States; to make independent relations in the region on its choices. American sanctions would turn Pakistan into a selfassumed path of foreign policy. The resultant regional geopolitical scenario, after the Cold War, may best be explained by applying the theoretical model of Saul B. Cohen- Shatterbelt. The shatterbelt means such volatile areas that would not allow the states to go for friendly relations. The study is qualitative in nature. The data is secondary which is interpreted through Thematic Approach.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in four different types of Croatian dry-cured hams
Authors: Poljanec Ivna , Medić Helga , Bogdanović Tanja , Peričević Sandra , Karolyi Danijel , Listeš Eddy , Marušić Radovčić Nives
Published: January 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent an important contaminant group in a variety of food products. Since PAHs are commonly present in meat products, this study aimed to determine PAH content in four types of Croatian dry-cured hams (Dalmatian, Drniš, Krk and Istrian) produced by four different processing methods. Determination and quantification of PAHs were performed by High performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Out of 15 investigated PAHs, 13 compounds were detected. The total average benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and PAH4 levels obtained from dry-cured hams ranged from 0.05-0.10 µg/kg and 0.41-0.67 µg/kg, respectively. Even though Krk and Istrian dry-cured ham manufacturing processes do not include the smoking phase, no significant differences were found between investigated dry-cured hams in terms of BaP, PAH4, PAH8 and PAH 15 contents. The presence of detected PAHs in non-smoked dry-cured hams could be a result of the addition of spices in the salting phase. BaP and PAH4 contents found in dry-cured ham samples did not exceed the currently legal levels according to the European legislation.
Sensory diversity of a traditional Slovenian dry-cured sausages (Suha klobasa)
Authors: Demšar Lea , Polak Tomaž , Lušnic Polak Mateja , Lesar David
Published: January 2020

Suha klobasa is a popular dry-cured sausage that is produced practically everywhere in Slovenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the main characteristics of Suha klobasa produced by different manufacturers across five different informal regions of Slovenia. Products from 31 producers, as households (11), small workshops (15) or industrial plants (3) were analysed for pH value, moisture, protein, fat, and ash, as well as for their sensory parameters, according to assessments of four profiles: appearance, texture, smell and aroma. Technological production procedures were evaluated on the basis of a survey. In average Slovenian Suha klobasa pork is used, also Suha klobasa is characterized by slow ripening and smoking or without smoking but overgrown with mould. It is always filled in a small diameter casings (32-34 mm) of the pig small intestine or permeable casings, formed in two equal-length-halves and on one side (open side) looped around, often with a wooden stick. According to the regions of Slovenia, several types of Suha klobasa can be distinguish that are defined by sausage length and surface colour, mosaic and porousness on the one hand, and acid, smoke, mould, rancid smell/aroma on the other. Suha klobasa originated from different manufacturing practices differ in visual characteristics of product (size, equality and mould), in cross-section (mosaic, porousness and glassines), and texture (hardness, toughness and integrity) but not in olfactory and aroma profile.
Efectos de un programa educativo para el desarrollo del talento en niñas de zonas vulnerables del Perú
Authors: Coronel Capacyachi Elizabeth Jesús , Rodríguez Isidro Félix Teófilo , Tenorio Romero Juan Tito , Sotelo Narváez Verónica Noemí
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer si el programa TALENTVEFT tiene algún efecto en el desarrollo de las inteligencias múltiples en niños. El estudio corresponde al método experimental, nivel explicativo y a un diseño cuasiexperimental de corte longitudinal. Se contó con la participación de 182 estudiantes, divididos en dos grupos: el grupo experimental y el grupo control. El grupo experimental participó en 4 sesiones de una hora durante 4 semanas (de una sesión por semana). El grupo control no participó en ningún taller realizado. Ambos grupos fueron evaluados antes y después (pretest y postest) de la intervención con el inventario de inteligencias múltiples del profesor de Armstrong, adaptado por Prieto y Ballester (Álvarez, 2014). Los resultados arrojaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos momentos de medición a nivel de inteligencia interpersonal (t = 7,752 / p = ,000) e intrapersonal (t = 7,416 / p = ,000). Esto nos permite sugerir la efectividad del programa y dejar abierta la posibilidad de su replicación, considerando además la fiabilidad y validez de sus instrumentos de evaluación.
Cultura organizacional y desempeño docente en la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Authors: Llancari Morales Rosario Ana , Alania Contreras Rubén Darío
Published: January 2020

La investigación tuvo el propósito de determinar la relación entre la cultura organizacional y el desempeño docente en la percepción de los docentes de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP); el estudio de nivel descriptivo y diseño descriptivo correlacional, tuvo una muestra probabilística estratificada constituida por 88 docentes, a quienes se aplicó el Cuestionario de Cultura Organizacional de Denison (Denison y Neale 2000), cuya confiabilidad calculada mediante el alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.949, y el Cuestionario de Desempeño Docente adaptado de Valdés (2006), cuya confiabilidad fue de 0.969. Como resultado se halló que existe relación con un nivel de significancia de 0.05, que existe una relación (  = 0.722) directa y significativa (Z = 1.96) entre la cultura organizacional y el desempeño docente; asimismo el 78.41 % de docentes,  percibe una cultura organizacional regular; a la vez que el 77.27 % considera que el desempeño docente es bueno. Se concluyó que existe una relación directa y significativa entre cultura organizacional y desempeño docente en la percepción de los docentes de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, por tanto, a mejor cultura organizacional, mejor desempeño docente, y viceversa.
PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARE, KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN, ARUS KAS, LEVERAGE DAN RETURN ON ASSETS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Chandra Angelin , Putri Arie Pratania , Angela Leoni , Puspita Henny , Auryn Felicia , Jingga Faby Clariesta
Published: January 2020

The research was conducted in order to add insight and to find out whether Earning per Share, Dividend Payout Ratio, Cash Flow, Leverage, Return on Assets affect the value of company in property and real estate sector companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2013 – 2017 period. There are 75 companies and 15 sample companies that we obtained from this study using purposive sampling techniques. Descriptive quantitative is used in this type of research. The results showed that Earning Per Share, Dividend Payout Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Return On Assets partially had a positive effect on firm value in property and real estate companies. While Cash Flow has no effect and is not significant.
Penerapan Hibrid Sistem Biofilter dan Hidroponik Sebagai Alternatif Pengolahan Limbah Pemukiman Low Income People
Authors: Gultom Tumpal
Published: January 2020

Limbah domestik akan menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan, apabila tidak adanya pengolahan limbah baik secara komunal maupun skala rumah tangga atau dengan kata lain masyarakat langsung membuang limbah mereka ke badan air. Ada beberapa sistem pengolahan limbah yang ramah lingkungan dan terbilang murah yaitu dengan sistem biofilter. Pengolahan limbah domestik dengan sistem biofilter pada beberapa penelitian menghasilkan penurunan parameter limbah yang sangat baik. Penelitian ini tidak hanya menggunakan biofilter, karena dimungkinkan masih ada sisa senyawa anorganik seperti nitrat dan fosfat yang tersisa dari pengolahan sistem biofilter. Sehingga diperlukan tertiary treatment menggunakan sistem hidroponik. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu sistem tertiary treatment dengan hidroponik dapat menurunkan sisa senyawa anoganik kadar fosfat yaitu outlet kangkung (76,13%), bayam (44,9%) dan selada (45,95%), sedangkan nitrat tidak mengalami penurunan. Parameter suhu, TDS, TSS, pH, COD dan BOD sangat efisien diturunkan dengan efisiensi penurunan TDS sebesar (15,15-19,60%), TSS (51,20-88,52%), COD (49,00-63,27%) dan BOD (30,49-58,68%).
幼儿园英语游戏化教学的策略探究
Authors: 纪 曼然
Published: January 2020

随着时代的发展,幼儿园英语教学受到了来自社会各方的重视和关注。家长们不仅关心孩子能学到什么,更强调孩子是如何学的。因此,作为幼儿园最基本、最主要的活动方式之一——游戏,成为幼儿园英语教学的重要组成部分。幼儿园英语游戏教学的目的是让孩子们在贴近日常生活的英语游戏活动中动脑,动手,善于合作,敢于交流,充分发挥其主体性,培养其主体人格特征。本文通过描述幼儿园英语游戏教学的现状、分析其实施过程中存在的问题,从两方面提出幼儿园英语游戏教学的实施策略。
环境监测在生态环境保护中的应用浅析
Authors: 王 丽芬
Published: January 2020

现阶段,社会经济的发展速度不断加快,环境污染的问题也越来越严重。因此,提高对生态环境保护工作的重视,也属于改善人类生存环境的重要方式。本文对环境监测的基本概念与分类进行阐述,从环境监测在生态环境保护中的重要作用展开分析,并以此为依据,提出完善环境监测质量管理体系、完善预防预警体系、建设生态监测网络系统、加大环保资金投入力度等几个方面的措施。希望促进人们与生产环境的协同化发展,并提出加强环境监测发展的重要措施。
园林绿化施工现场管理及植物养护研究
Authors: 蒲 江波
Published: January 2020

园林绿化工程的开展不仅是社会绿色发展之重要表现,也是生态环境改善的重要措施。通过园林绿化施工现场管理及植物养护的有效推进,能够实现园林绿化工程的进一步强化,也能够真正实现园林绿化工程施工质量的提高。本文就园林绿化施工现场管理及植物养护的开展路径进行分析,希望可以为园林绿化工程施工的更好开展提供借鉴。
鱼与余 --从探究人的行为到海洋生态文明建设
Authors: 韩 琳 , 李 庶羽
Published: January 2020

海洋经济的快速发展,使得海洋生态环境问题日益严重,因此加强海洋生态文明建设势在必行。现代人生活节奏快,很难在日常忙碌中分出精力来关注自然环境本文就对海洋生态文明建设中,人的行为影响进行探索和分析,以期通过改善人与海洋的关系,推动海洋经济健康发展。
水环境监测质量控制措施分析
Authors: 王 凤伟 , 齐 亮
Published: January 2020

水环境监测可为水体治理提供真实有效的数据,因此,保证水环境监测质量是整个检测工作的重中之重,需要将监测结果误差控制在允许范围中。基于此,本文结合理论实践,先简要阐述了水环境监测质量控制的重要性,接着论述了影响水环境监测质量的主要因素,并提出水环境监测质量控制措施,希望对提升水环境监测质量及水体污染治理有一定的参考和帮助。
基层环境管理存在的问题及对策
Authors: 王 双友
Published: January 2020

论述基层环境管理工作中存在的问题,提出加强基层环境管理工作的对策。
园林工程施工中新技术的应用
Authors: 代 兴波
Published: January 2020

经济的快速发展使人民安居乐业,对城市配套设施的要求逐步提高。园林工程作为城市生活中不可或缺的一部分,改善了人们的生活环境,净化了空气,给人们在闲暇时提供休憩,是城市精神风貌的象征。因此,要重视园林工程,在园林工程施工中不断引进新技术,进行技术升级,加强管理,使园林工程施工可以达到预期效果,更好的呈现在社会面前。文章分析了新技术在园林工程施工中的具体应用,希望对相关从业者有所帮助。
浅析植树造林技术与养护措施
Authors: 余 晓莉
Published: January 2020

随着我国经济的迅速发展,自然环境破坏问题日益凸显,在追求可持续发展的现代化社会的同时,我们应将做出保护自然环境,保持水土稳定,自然和谐,促进生态平衡的重要措施。我国提出政策积极鼓励各地区植树造林。林业部门在发展过程中把植树造林一项放在首位,利用合理的操作技术和养护措施,从而落实我国林业政策,积极响应国家号召,推动我国林业的全面发展。我国植树造林技术发展到今天,经历过一些技术误区之后,以经验积累所得,逐渐形成了一体较为完善的造林技术和养护措施。
浅析新形势下加强水利工程项目管理
Authors: 王 振海
Published: January 2020

在社会快速发展的推动下,所有的社会制度都在不断变化。在人们的精神文化和物质文化得到满足的同时,注意力的焦点发生了改变,逐渐转变为社会发展起着重要作用的工程建设管理。其中,水利枢纽工程作为一项重要的民生工程,他对社会稳定和提高整体的发展有着非常重要的作用,直接关系到国民经济健康发展和我国社会发展的程度。因此,本文将详细分析项目管理在水利工程建设中的作用。
研究大数据时代的城乡规划和智慧城市建设
Authors: 金 亮
Published: January 2020

近年随着我国社会主义的不断发展,各类型信息化技术不断涌现,信息技术的快速发展,引领了大数据时代的到来。大数据的到来大幅度提升了人们的生活便利性,无论是对我国城乡规划新技术的应用,还是对智慧城市的建设而言,都具有十分重要的影响和作用,并为我国社会经济的发展提供更多的数据支持。为推动我国城乡规划在大数据时代下的快速发展,本文将对如何把大数据应用于城乡规划及智慧城市的建设进行一些浅析和探讨。
柴达木盆地荒漠化土地的成因与及治理对策
Authors: 韩 万义
Published: January 2020

本文分析了柴达木盆地荒漠化土地的成因与发展趋势及荒漠化土地的危害,并提出了柴达木盆地的开发利用、防沙治沙的对策。
对于小学美术教育与信息化整合产生的影响
Authors: 张 莉
Published: January 2020

作为我国素质教育的重要组成部分,美术教育在素质教育的发展进程中起到重要的推动作用。加强美术教学,有利于提升学生的创造能力和艺术鉴赏能力。然而,美术具有较强的抽象性,加上初中学生的艺术修养普遍较低,所以大多数学生在学习过程中显得比较吃力。为了改善这一现状,美术教师可以适当地引入信息技术,通过美术教育与信息技术的整合激发学生学习兴趣,从而实现高效教学。
让科学教育融入幼儿的生活
Authors: 白 野
Published: January 2020

幼儿园的启蒙科学教育课程,它源于生活,教师进行科学教育要从幼儿生活实际出发,幼儿教育阶段,对幼儿开展科学游戏活动等,适度进行科学启蒙教育,一方面对其渗透一定的教育功能,同时让他们享受科学游戏活动的过程,获得初步体验和感受。在具体实践活动中,教师可以运用自然物质材料和有关的教学素材、玩具、图片等,进行带有游戏性质的操作活动,这是对幼儿进行科学教育行之有效的方法。本文结合幼儿园开展科学启蒙教育的实际,肤浅阐述其意义及其简单方法。
如何创设适合幼儿园趣味活动区域环境
Authors: 高 丽军
Published: January 2020

幼儿园数学活动区的开展是幼儿园数学教学活动的一个有益的延伸和补充。幼儿园的环境直接影响着幼儿的心理状态和教学效果,良好的育人环境能够有效提高幼儿园的教学水平。因此,幼儿教师应遵循幼儿的身心发展规律,重视环境布置,使幼儿与环境能够实现良性互动,促进幼儿教育效果的提升。在本文中,将从教学实践入手,探索如何创设良好的幼儿园环境。
Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System in Jakarta: A Literatur Review
Authors: Gunawan Michelle , Asyahira Riri , M Sidjabat Filson
Published: January 2020

As the first step to air pollution control and public health protection, Air quality monitoring systems provides information that indicate the extend of pollution in an area, the source of pollution and the types of pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate Jakarta’s air quality monitoring system by comparing it to the US, which participates in Indonesia’s air quality monitoring system by using their own system.  In specific, parameters such as air quality index, monitoring stations, regulation and data availability are to be compared through reviewing various literatures in detail.  The result obtained shows that the monitoring station amount is already ideal and complies to the U.S regulation. Indonesia’s ambient air quality standard need to be stricter and Air Pollutant Standard Index should include PM2.5 as a parameter obtains significantly better results. Air quality data is available and accessible, although it needs to be integrated and provide real time information in a simple and effective way.
Penggunaan Algoritma Nearest Neighbor Pada Sistem Penalaran Berbasis Kasus Untuk Diagnosis Penyakit ISPA
Authors: Papuangan Miswar , Salmin Munazat
Published: January 2020

Acute Respiratory Infection  is defined as an acute respiratory disease caused by an infectious agent that is transmitted from human to human. Symptoms include shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, sore throat, fever, wheezing, runny nose, and cough. This research implements CBR to help diagnose ARI. The diagnosis process is done by entering a new problem that contains the symptoms and risk factors that will be diagnosed in the system. The normalized nearest neighbor method with expert confidence is used to calculate the similarity between new problems and cases stored on a case basis. The results of testing the system using 112 case data with 78 case stored in a case base and 34 data used as new cases data, the system has identified four types of ARI disease with a system performance measurement 97.06%.
Pseudocoordination with 'take' in Baltic and its neighbours
Authors: Nau Nicole , Kozhanov Kirill , Lindström Liina , Laugalienė Asta , Brudzyński Paweł
Published: January 2020

This paper is the first empirical study of the construction TAKE (and V (“he took and left” = ‘he left suddenly, unexpectedly’) in contemporary Latvian and Lithuanian, carried out on a large sample of corpus data. The results obtained for Baltic are compared with Slavic (Polish, Russian) and Finnic (Estonian, Finnish) data from comparable corpora. It is argued that out of all the languages under consideration, in Baltic the construction is the most frequent and the most fixed in its form, while at the same time being able to appear in various inflectional forms and in various functions. Other languages differ in how they deviate from the Baltic type. It is also shown that its semantics is largely context-dependent, being sensitive to the semantics of the inflectional form, subject and type of the lexical verb.
A corpus-based study of the Latvian debitive vs vajadzēt
Authors: Daugavet Anna
Published: January 2020

A corpus-based study of the two main verbal expressions of necessity in Latvian shows that the much more frequent debitive is commonly used in the present tense without negation while the less frequent vajadzēt is usually found in the subjunctive. An analysis of randomly selected examples of the present, past and future tense and the subjunctive demonstrates an almost identical distribution of deontic and dynamic uses of both modals with respects to grammatical forms without negation. With negation, there is a striking difference between vajadzēt, expressing prohibitions and criticism of past actions, and the debitive, conveying lack of necessity. The article also provides a discussion on how to distinguish between various types of modal meanings in authentic examples from a corpus.
Old Prussian dāt ‘give’ in causative and hortative constructions
Authors: Pakerys Jurgis
Published: January 2020

Extended uses of Old Prussian dāt ‘give’ are studied to demonstrate independent and German-influenced developments. The permissive function of this predicate is argued to be original and historically and areally shared by Baltic, Slavic and Finnic languages, while factitive and hortative constructions are regarded as copies of corresponding German lassen-constructions. The German influence is also seen in the coding of the causee when it is marked by the accusative instead of the original dative. In general, Old Prussian shows effects of interference with German lassen-constructions similar to the ones observed in West Slavic and western South Slavic languages (von Waldenfels 2015).
[review of:] Axel Holvoet & Nicole Nau, eds. 2015. Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic
Authors: Kittilä Seppo
Published: January 2020

Axel Holvoet & Nicole Nau, eds. 2015. Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic. (Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 2). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN: 9789027259103 (hardback), ISBN: 9789027267955 (e-book).

The present book deals with different aspects of voice in Baltic languages. The book presents the second volume in the (mini-)series "Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic".
[review of:] Lidia Federica Mazzitelli. 2015. The Expression of Predicative Possession. A Comparative Study of Belarusian and Lithuanian
Authors: Grković-Major Jasmina
Published: January 2020

Lidia Federica Mazzitelli. 2015. The Expression of Predicative Possession. A Comparative Study of Belarusian and Lithuanian (Studia Typologica, 18). Berlin/Munich/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. ISBN: 978-3-11-041228-4 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-3-11-041232-1 (e-book).
[review of:] Axel Holvoet & Nicole Nau, eds. 2014. Grammatical Relations and their Non-Canonical Encoding in Baltic
Authors: Malchukov Andrej L.
Published: January 2020

Axel Holvoet & Nicole Nau (eds.). Grammatical Relations and their Non-Canonical Encoding in Baltic. (Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, vol. 1). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN: 9789027259097 (hardback), ISBN: 9789027270399 (e-book).

The volume under review deals with variuos aspects of non-canonical argument marking, grammatical relations and argument alternations in Baltic languages. The volume is a gold mine both for typologists interested in grammatical relations as well as for the students of Baltic languages.
[review of:] Andra Kalnača. 2014. A Typological Perspective on Latvian Grammar
Authors: Arkadiev Peter
Published: January 2020

Andra Kalnača. 2014. A Typological Perspective on Latvian Grammar. Warsaw, Berlin: De Gruyter Open. ISBN: 9783110411300 (hardback), ISBN: 9783110411317 (e-book).

The book under review is one of the so far very few attempts of a Latvian linguist to write about her own language specifically addressing an international audience, and as such would deserve not only attention but also sincere welcome, enhanced by the fact that the book is an open access publication.
Dialectal and diachronic distribution of case forms in Lithuanian pain-verb constructions
Authors: Bjarnadóttir Valgerđur
Published: January 2020

This article deals with the variation in case marking in ᴘᴀɪɴ-vᴇʀʙ ᴄoɴsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛɪoɴs, where in Lithuanian one finds (1) the standard language variant: accusative marked body-part and (2) the dialectal variant: nominative marked body-part. In this article, a clear distinction is made between ᴘᴀɪɴ-sᴘᴇᴄɪꜰɪᴄ vᴇʀʙs, verbs which originally denote pain like e.g. skaudėti, sopėti and ᴅᴇʀɪvᴇᴅ ᴘᴀɪɴ vᴇʀʙs, verbs borrowed from other semantic classes. This study focuses on the ᴘᴀɪɴ-sᴘᴇᴄɪꜰɪᴄ vᴇʀʙs. A study on the dialectal distribution of this variation and its occurrence in old texts is conducted with the aims: (1) to answer the question which construction is the older, (2) to give a clear picture of the dialectal and geographical distribution of this case variation and finally (3) to demonstrate that dialectal data can be used effectively and reliably to investigate diachronic processes and thus contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between synchronic variation and diachronic change. The results of the dialectal part of the study reveal that nominative marked body-parts are found in a much wider area than only in Northwestern Lithuania as has sometimes been claimed. They are prevalent in Northwestern Lithuania and also in Eastern Lithuania, but found in all regions and not dialectally restricted. Accusative marking is prevalent in South and West Aukštaitian, which might explain why accusative was selected as the standard form in the Lithuanian Standard Language. The findings in the old texts reveal that nominative is more prevalent in older texts, with only very few examples of accusative marking. This was noticeable in both religious texts from the 16th and 17th c. as well as in old dictionaries dating from before the 20th. c. The findings of this study provide evidence that nominative was the original case marking of body-parts with ᴘᴀɪɴ-sᴘᴇᴄɪꜰɪᴄ vᴇʀʙs.
Towards a semantic map for definite adjectives in Baltic
Authors: Holvoet Axel , Spraunienė Birutė
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with semantic developments in the Lithuanian and Latvian definite adjectival forms. The basic function of definite adjectival forms in Baltic is to mark the definiteness of the noun phrase. However, the adjectival marking of definiteness creates an interesting situation in which the noun phrase has several slots for the marking of (in)definiteness. In certain cases, different values for definiteness may appear in different slots: the adjective may be in the definite form whereas the noun phrase as a whole may be viewed as indefinite and can occur with formal markers of indefiniteness such as indefinite pronouns. These cases afford certain insights into the periphery of definiteness and the mechanisms of extension of definiteness markers into the domain of indefiniteness. The factors involved in this spill-over of definiteness markers are (i) genericity, realised in the form of so-called definite generics, whose definite markers are often retained when descending from the level of kind-reference to that of individual reference (this is referred to here as rigid or fossilised generic definiteness), and (ii) nominalisation of the adjective, which enables the retention of definite marking when a noun phrase shifts from definite plural description to singular or plural indefinite description. An important factor in the spread of definite adjectives beyond the domain of definiteness of the noun phrase seems to be their ability to evoke ad hoc taxonomies. The instances of extended definiteness marking discussed in this paper have parallels in article languages that have only one slot for (in)definiteness marking. The presence of two slots for definiteness marking in Baltic brings to light the layered nature of the definiteness of many noun phrases,which leads to what is here called ‘definiteness conflicts’ and indeterminacy between the semantic zones of definiteness and indefiniteness.
On the Latvian indefinite pronoun kaût kas
Authors: Petit Daniel
Published: January 2020

The present paper deals with the origin of the Latvian indefinite pronoun kaût kas ‘something’. It is generally recognized that kaût kas is related to the conditional concessive conjunction kaût ‘even if, although’, but the semantic pathway that made such a derivation possible has not been reconstructed so far in a satisfactory way. In this paper, a detailed investigation of the etymology of kaût kas is conducted, with particular attention to the syntactic structures that may have played a role in forming an indefinite pronoun from a conditional concessive conjunction. It can be argued that the evolution suggested above reflects a cross-linguistically widespread pattern, according to which indefinite pronouns may be derived from ‘scalar particles’ (even, at least). The derivation of a scalar particle (even, at least) from a conditional concessive conjunction (even if) is, on the other hand, an areal phenomenon limited to the Baltic area. We may thus assume a two-level evolution: (1) even if > even, at least (areal pattern); (2) even, at least someone > anyone > someone (typological pattern).
On the aspectual uses of the prefix be- in Lithuanian
Authors: Arkadiev Peter
Published: January 2020

The prefix be-, which appears in a variety of verbal forms and constructions in Lithuanian, has not been subject to a detailed and theoretically informed synchronic description. This paper attempts to fill this gap by providing an account of the two most clearly identifiable aspectual uses of be-: (i) its being part of the periphrastic forms expressing the avertive meaning recently established as a cross-linguistic gram; (ii) its use in the positive and negative continuative forms. I discuss the semantics and use of these constructions, and pay particular attention to their interactions with other aspectually relevant categories of Lithuanian.
Beyond external possession: genitive and dative with locational nouns in Latvian
Authors: Holvoet Axel
Published: January 2020

The present article deals with the dative external possessor construction in Latvian. Attention is drawn to the widespread occurrence of this construction, extending to constructions with relational nouns practically functioning as adpositions. The carrying-over of the external possessor construction to what would otherwise be described as adpositional phrases creates certain problems for syntactic description. Emphasis is, however, on the semantic aspects. The features commonly associated with the external possessor construction, such as animacy, sentiency and affectedness, play no role here. It is suggested that the differences between the constructions with genitive and dative in spatial expressions with relational nouns are connected with the figure-ground configuration, the constructions with the dative serving to mark the shift of saliency from the figure (located object) to the ground (reference object). This, it is argued, is not an accidental extension of the external possessor construction to a domain where is was not originally applicable, but reflects the general principles underlying the external possessor construction. This can be formulated as the shifting of cognitive or discourse saliency from the figure/possessum to the ground/possessor in a locative/possessive structure.
[review of:] Nicole Nau & Norbert Ostrowski, eds. 2010. Particles and Connectives in Baltic
Authors: Cornillie Bert
Published: January 2020

Nicole Nau & Norbert Ostrowski, eds. Particles and Connectives in Baltic. (Acta Salensia, 2.) Vilnius: Vilnius University & Asociacija “Academia Salensis”, 2010. ISBN: 978-609-95126-1-7.

Volume 2 of the Acta Salensia series contains six papers and an introduction and offers in-depth analyses of various particles and connectives in one or several Baltic languages. The contributions are written by experts in the field of Baltic linguistics, who have a sound knowledge of the literature and often cite older data which invite philological observations.

The volume is mainly descriptive in nature; that is, the research questions are most often not embedded in particular theoretical frameworks. Instead, the analyses build upon insights from several theories and are based on various kinds of empirical data. Thanks to the clear descriptions, non-Baltic linguists doing research on the particles and connectives of other languages will also benefit from this volume. Moreover, the chapters touch upon several phenomena dealt with in the general-linguistic literature such as clause combining, functional syntax, grammaticalization and semantic change, and can hence be a source of inspiration for refining the traditionally used categories.
[review of:] Daniel Petit. 2010. Untersuchungen zu den baltischen Sprachen
Authors: Derksen Rick
Published: January 2020

Daniel Petit, Untersuchungen zu den baltischen Sprachen. (Brill’s Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics, 4.) Leiden–Boston: Brill 2010. ISBN: 978-90-04-17836-6.

This collection of studies by Daniel Petit originates from a series of lectures presented at the Indo-European summer school in Berlin in 2006. It consists of five chapters, which deal with dialectology (49 pp.), accentology (88 pp.), the neuter gender (65 pp.), the semi-thematic flexion (56 pp.), and the syntax of clitics (48 pp.), respectively. The introductory character of the first two chapters (the first chapter is actually called “Einführung in die Baltische Dialektologie”) is without doubt connected with the background of the book. On the whole, it is not an introduction to Baltology, however, nor is it intended to be, as the author explains in the preface.
Syllable length in Latvian and Lithuanian: searching for the criteria
Authors: Daugavet Anna
Published: January 2020

Although the traditional account of syllable length in the Baltic languages confines itself to its connection with syllable tones, other phenomena are also found to be length sensitive. In Lithuanian, syllable length can influence the position of primary stress, while in Latvian it is one of the factors in secondary stress assignment. Several cases of vowel and consonant lengthening, shortening, and deletion can be explained on the assumption that these processes serve the purpose of fitting into a particular unit of quantity. In some instances, the traditional view of the composition of long syllables may need to be revised.
Mood and a transitivity restriction in Lithuanian: the case of the inferential evidential
Authors: Lavine James E.
Published: January 2020

The Inferential Evidential reports events not directly observed by the speaker. Evidentiality in Lithuanian is encoded by means of a non-finite main clause predication enforced by a modal head that selects a non-finite TP, similar to the neutralization of tense distinctions in other marked moods. Non-finite, non-agreeing T fails to assign nominative to the subject. In the Inferential Evidential, a voice head, below T, hosts a vestigial passive morpheme, serving as a source for oblique subject case, while stripping the predicate of its transitivity property. So while the predicate’s valency is not altered, its accusative case-assigning potential is. This results in an oblique subject — nominative object construction, the morphosyntax of which is elucidated in a theory of case involving the key features of voice, cause, and default object case. An analysis is presented for default nominative on the object, which has the added benefit of accounting for variation in speaker judgments concerning the acceptability of the nominative object and the preference for Inferential Evidential forms based on intransitive predicates.
Kırsal Turizmin Gelişimine Yönelik Yerel Halkın Yaklaşımı: Avanos Göynük Köyü Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖZGÜL KATLAV Eda , KÜÇÜKALTAN Derman
Published: January 2020

Ön çalışma olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, Nevşehir İlinin temel ekonomik unsurlarından olan turizm ve tarım faaliyetlerinin bir arada değerlendirilmesi ile kırsal turizmi potansiyelinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.  Turizmin bir bölgede gelişiminden en fazla etkilenecek kesim olan yerel halk ve orada yaşayan bağcıların görüşlerinin alınması önem arz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda Nevşehir’in Avanos ilçesine bağlı olan Göynük Köyü’ndeki bağcılık faaliyetlerinin kırsal turizm açısından değerlendirilmesine yerel halkın kırsal turizme bakış açıları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve mülakat tekniği ile veri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında köyde yaşayan ve çiftçilik yapan 13 kişi ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yerel halkın Göynük Köyü’nde kırsal turizm gelişimine olumlu baktıkları ve bu doğrultuda çaba göstermeye hazır oldukları görülmektedir. Yerel halk turistlerin ve turistik işletmelerin köye katkı sağlayacağını düşünmektedir. Ayrıca köy halkının köyde kırsal turizmin uygulanabilmesi için valilik, belediyeler, üniversite, sivil toplum kuruluşları ve turizm acentelerinden destek bekledikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Açık Alan Rekreasyon Etkinliklerine Katılan Bireylerin Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Durumlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ERYILMAZ Gamze , UNUR Kamil
Published: January 2020

Genel olarak literatürde aktif olarak açık alanda etkinlik gerçekleştiren bireyin olumlu duygularının arttığı belirtilmektedir. Bu durum, bireylerin pozitif duygularının negatif duygulara göre kıyaslanması ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak aynı duygu durumunun etkinlik öncesi duygu durumu ile karşılaştırması yapılarak bu yargıya varılmamaktadır. Bu çalışma bu bakış açısına açıklık getirmeye yönelik yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, açık alan rekreasyon etkinliklerine katılan bireylerin pozitif ve negatif duygu durumları, etkinlik yapılmayan dönem ile yapılan dönem olarak incelendiğinde, duygu durumlarının farklılık gösterip göstermeyeceğini araştırmaktır. Araştırmada yararlanılan ölçek; “Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği” dir. Araştırma katılımcılarını açık alanda aktif olarak kendileri için bir etkinlik gerçekleştiren bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Bireylerin etkinlik yapılmayan ve etkinlik yapılan döneme ilişkin duygu durumlarını dikkate alan ölçek ile demografik sorularında yer aldığı bir anket formu tasarlanmıştır. Veriler 2018 yılı Ocak –Nisan ayları arasında kolayda örnekleme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Toplamda 233 veri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırma sorusuna yanıt aramak için Bağımlı İki Örnek T-Testi’nden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, pozitif duygu durumunun etkinlik yapılan dönem ve yapılmayan dönem bakımından farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Negatif duygu durumunun da etkinlik yapılan dönem ve yapılmayan dönem bakımından farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonraki çalışmalar için tek bir etkinlik üzerinden veya kapalı alan etkinliklerini gerçekleştiren bireyler üzerinden duygu durumları karşılaştırılmasına gidilebilir.