bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving Minds: The Next Generation of Real-Time Transit Information in San Francisco
Authors: Lee Jason , Tyner William , Vasavda Nealay
Published: September 2018

In 2001, the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) revolutionized the transit riding experience by implementing its first-generation customer information system to predict when its Muni transit vehicles would arrive in real time. Since then, mobile technologies have ushered in on-demand ride-hailing services and raised expectations for transit service quality. Seeking to stabilize and increase ridership, transit operators like SFMTA are working to adapt and innovate in this rapidly changing environment. SFMTA is now embarking on the next generation of real-time customer information. To guide this multi-million dollar investment, SFMTA conducted extensive quantitative and qualitative research to design new system features and uncover how they could shape travel behavior. An in-depth survey of 5,856 Muni customers revealed that income is a primary mode-choice driver, coupled with the relative availability of ride-hailing services. As income rises, the propensity to wait for Muni decreases, particularly when nearby ride-hailing options are plentiful. Applicable to other cities, this research also affirmed that better real-time information such as alternative routes and transfer connections could increase ridership overall, potentially reducing demographic influences on mode choice and fostering a more equitable and sustainable transportation system. Informed by this research, SFMTA’s new system will focus on improving prediction accuracy, keeping customers informed throughout their journey, and developing a transit-focused mobile app.
Machine Learning Approach to Short-Term Traffic Congestion Prediction in a Connected Environment
Authors: Elfar Amr , Talebpour Alireza , Mahmassani Hani S.
Published: September 2018

Traffic congestion is a complex phenomenon triggered by a combination of multiple interacting factors. One of the main factors is the disturbances caused by individual vehicles, which cannot be identified in aggregate traffic data. Advances in vehicle wireless communications present new opportunities to measure traffic perturbations at the individual vehicle level. The key question is whether it is possible to find the relationship between these perturbations and shockwave formation and utilize this knowledge to improve the identification and prediction of congestion formation. Accordingly, this paper explores the use of three machine learning techniques, logistic regression, random forests, and neural networks, for short-term traffic congestion prediction using vehicle trajectories available through connected vehicles technology. Vehicle trajectories provided by the Next Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) program were utilized in this study. Two types of predictive models were developed in this study: (1) offline models which are calibrated based on historical data and are updated (re-trained) whenever significant changes occur in the system, such as changes/updates to the infrastructure, and (2) online models which are calibrated using historical data and updated regularly using real-time information on prevailing traffic conditions obtained through V2V/V2I communications. Results show that the accuracy of the models built in this study to predict the congested traffic state can reach 97%. The models presented can be used in various potential applications including improving road safety by warning drivers of upcoming traffic slowdowns and improving mobility through integration with traffic control systems.
A Tale of Two Pavements: Forensic Investigation of an Unbonded Concrete Overlay and a Concrete Pavement Reconstruction on I-40 near Flagstaff, Arizona
Authors: Van Dam Thomas J. , Dufalla Nicole , Pierce Linda
Published: September 2018

In 1990, the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) constructed a Specific Pavement Studies (SPS)-6 experiment on eastbound Interstate 40 (I-40) east of Flagstaff, AZ, as part of the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program. The SPS-6 experiment was designed to evaluate treatment and rehabilitation options for an existing concrete pavement. Nineteen sections were constructed, one of which was a 10 in. thick unbonded concrete overlay (UBCOL). Additionally, ADOT planned to construct an 11 in. unbonded portland cement concrete (PCC) overlay on the adjacent I-40 westbound to investigate benefits of additional concrete thickness. The eastbound unbonded PCC overlay has significantly outperformed all other pavement sections and remains in good condition after 27 years of service. However, the westbound PCC section is severely distressed and in need of immediate rehabilitation. An investigation was conducted to evaluate why two similar unbonded PCC overlays performed with vastly different results. It was found that the westbound “unbonded PCC overlay” was not an overlay after all, but instead a 12 to 13 in.thick jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP). The high level of distress in the westbound JPCP is likely related to the presence of a weak subgrade that infiltrated the aggregate base. Additionally, during coring, water filled the core holes suggesting that the subgrade in the westbound direction was saturated. Further, petrographic analysis indicated deicing chemicals contributed to corrosion of the dowel bars and deterioration of the concrete joints. This investigation demonstrates some advantages for using unbonded overlays as rehabilitation alternatives for existing concrete pavements.
“Who Are You Going to Tell? Who’s Going to Believe You?”
Authors: Dardis Christina M. , Reinhardt Kristen M. , Foynes Melissa M. , Medoff Nina E. , Street Amy E.
Published: September 2018

Researchers have identified disclosure as an important part of sexual assault recovery among civilian survivors. However, few researchers have examined the process of military sexual trauma (MST) disclosure, including the barriers and facilitators, positive and negative reactions from disclosure recipients, and positive and negative impacts of disclosure on survivors. Twenty-three women veteran MST survivors completed semi-structured qualitative interviews that assessed disclosure experiences; responses were coded using directed content analysis. Among the 20 women veterans who disclosed MST (87%), most volunteered information that they had disclosed to informal (74%, n = 17), military (70%, n = 16), and medical sources (52%, n = 12). Among women who reported that they disclosed MST to military personnel, all reported at least one negative reaction to the disclosure, including 50% ( n = 8) who reported perceived retaliation for disclosure. Women who reported they disclosed to military personnel identified some barriers (e.g., feared consequences) that women who disclosed to non-military personnel did not. We suggest that the responses of recipients to disclosure may contribute to the impact on participants, including dissatisfaction and disillusionment with the military. We discuss unique aspects of the military context that may contribute to negative reactions. Practitioners can use this information to increase empathy and understanding of the complexity of disclosure and to help survivors process and contextualize these experiences during therapy. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684318796783
A Mouse Model of Delayed Rotator Cuff Repair Results in Persistent Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration
Authors: Wang Zili , Liu Xuhui , Davies Michael R. , Horne Devante , Kim Hubert , Feeley Brian T.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Rotator cuff (RC) tears are common tendon injuries seen in orthopaedic patients. Successful repair of large and massive RC tears remains a challenge due to our limited understanding of the pathophysiological features of this injury. Clinically relevant small animal models that can be used to study the pathophysiological response to repair are limited by the lack of chronic repair models.

Purpose:

To develop a highly clinically relevant mouse model of delayed RC repair.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Three-month-old C57BL/6J mice underwent unilateral supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus (IS) tendon tear with immediate, 2-week delayed, or 6-week delayed tendon repair. Animals with no repair or sham surgery served as controls. Gait analysis was conducted to measure shoulder function at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after surgery. Animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after the last surgery. Shoulder joint, SS, and IS muscles were harvested and analyzed histologically. Ex vivo mechanical testing of intact and repaired SS and IS tendons was conducted. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed on SS and IS muscles to quantify atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration–related gene expression.

Results:

Histological and tendon mechanical testing showed that torn tendons could be successfully repaired as late as 6 weeks after transection. However, significant atrophy and fatty infiltration of muscle, with impaired shoulder function, were persistent in the 6-week delayed repair group. Shoulder function correlated with the severity of RC muscle weight loss and fatty infiltration.

Conclusion:

We successfully developed a clinically relevant mouse model of delayed RC repair. Six-week delayed RC repair resulted in persistent muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration with inferior shoulder function compared with acute repair.

Clinical Relevance:

Our novel mouse model could serve as a powerful tool to understand the pathophysiological and cellular/molecular mechanisms of RC muscle and tendon degeneration, eventually improving our strategies for treating and repairing RC tears.
No Growth Disturbance After Trochleoplasty for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation in Adolescents With Open Growth Plates
Authors: Nelitz Manfred , Dreyhaupt Jens , Williams Sean Robert March
Published: September 2018

Background:

Trochlear dysplasia is the most important risk factor for patellofemoral instability among adolescents; therefore, trochleoplasty to reshape the trochlear groove is the treatment of choice for patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia. However, in the presence of open growth plates, there is a potential risk of injury to the distal femoral growth plate and subsequent growth disturbance. As such, most authors do not recommend trochleoplasty for skeletally immature patients. The effect of trochleoplasty on femoral growth when performed before closure of the distal femoral physis remains unclear.

Hypothesis:

For patients with open growth plates and an expected growth <2 years, trochleoplasty does not cause growth disturbance of the distal femur.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Eighteen consecutive adolescents (18 knees) with open physes and severe trochlear dysplasia underwent thin flap trochleoplasty. Pre- and postoperative radiographic examination included anteroposterior and lateral views to assess leg axis and patella alta. A preoperative radiograph of the left hand was performed to measure skeletal age. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate trochlear dysplasia and tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance. Evaluation included pre- and postoperative physical examination with evaluation of leg length and leg axis, Kujala score, and Tegner activity score.

Results:

The median age at the time of operation was 12.6 years (range, 12.2-13.3 years) for girls and 14.5 years (14.0-15.4 years) for boys. The mean follow-up after operation was 2.3 years after surgery (range, 2.0-3.0 years). At follow-up for all patients, the growth plates of the knee were closed. Impairment of growth of the distal femur was found neither clinically nor radiographically. No recurrent dislocation occurred. The median Kujala score improved significantly from 67 (range, 54-75) preoperatively to 89.5 (range, 78-96) at follow-up ( P < .01). The median visual analog scale showed significant pre- to postoperative improvement from 5 (range, 3-7) to 1 (range, 0-3) ( P < .01). The activity level according to the Tegner activity score did not change significantly.

Conclusion:

In this study, trochleoplasty as a treatment for patellofemoral instability of patients with open physes and an expected growth of not more than 2 years showed good clinical results without redislocation and with no growth disturbance. Therefore, for selected adolescent patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia, trochleoplasty can be safely performed up to 2 years before the projected end of growth.
Graft Choice and the Incidence of Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Causal Analysis From a Cohort of 541 Patients
Authors: Lecoq Flore-Anne , Parienti Jean-Jacques , Murison James , Ruiz Nicolas , Bouacida Khaled , Besse Jérémy , Morin Vincent , Padiolleau Giovany , Cucurulo Thomas , Graveleau Nicolas , Hulet Christophe ,   Société Française de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie (SoFCOT)
Published: September 2018

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is important to prevent knee osteoarthritis. Neither of the 2 most common graft techniques—the patellar tendon (PT) or hamstring tendon (HS) graft—has demonstrated superiority in terms of the long-term osteoarthritis rate.

Hypothesis:

Based on the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) radiographic grading system, PT grafts decrease the incidence of osteoarthritis by providing better knee stability as compared with HS grafts over 12 years of follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All adults with a first ACL rupture who underwent surgery with a PT or HS graft technique between January 2002 and December 2003 were included in the 2014 French Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Symposium database. Baseline characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of moderate to severe osteoarthritis in each group. The secondary endpoints included clinical subjective evaluations by the IKDC score and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. To control the differences in baseline characteristics, the data were analyzed with propensity score matching.

Results:

In the cohort, 541 patients from 18 centers were included: 311 PT and 230 HS ACL reconstructions. The baseline characteristics were similar after inverse probability weighting treatment (IPWT). The occurrence of osteoarthritis was similar after IPWT (19.3% for PT and 19.6% for HS, P = .94). Age at surgery >29 years and IKDC osteoarthritis stage B at the index surgery were identified as risk factors for moderate to severe osteoarthritis. Most functional outcomes were significantly higher in the HS group; however, the difference between groups remained <10 points. Of the 106 patients who needed a medial meniscectomy, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis was much higher in the HS group (43.5% vs 18.3%, P = .006). However, after IPWT, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

At 12 years of follow-up, neither graft technique was superior to the other in terms of the rate of osteoarthritis.
Bioelectricity production from fermentable household waste in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell
Authors: Chatzikonstantinou D , Tremouli A , Papadopoulou K , Kanellos G , Lampropoulos I , Lyberatos G
Published: September 2018

In this study, the use of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell for the production of bioelectricity from a food residue biomass (FORBI) product was investigated. Food residue biomass was produced by drying and shredding the pre-sorted fermentable fraction of household food waste collected door-to-door in the Municipality of Halandri, Athens, Greece. Different organic loads of food residue biomass expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD) were examined (0.7, 0.9, 1.4, 2.8, 6 and 14 g COD L−1, respectively). It was observed that an increase of the initial concentration of the final extract resulted in a corresponding increase in the operating time.

The microbial fuel cell potential increased from 33.3 mV to 46 mV as the concentration was increased from 0.7 to 14 g COD L−1. The best performance in terms of maximum power density (29.6 mW m−2) corresponding to a current density of 88 mA m−2 was observed for 6 g COD L−1. Setting the external resistance at its optimal value (Rext = 2 kΩ) as determined by polarisation experiments, Pyield drastically increased to 13.7 and 17.3 Joule (g FORBI)−1 in two consecutive cycles. The results demonstrate that readily biodegradable substrates, such as food residue biomass, can be effectively used for enhanced bioelectricity harvesting in a microbial fuel cell.
Investigation of Dose-Response Relationships for Effects of White Light Exposure on Correlates of Alertness and Executive Control during Regular Daytime Working Hours
Authors: Smolders Karin C. H. J. , Peeters Samantha T. , Vogels Ingrid M. L. C. , de Kort Yvonne A. W.
Published: September 2018

To date, it is largely unknown which light settings define the optimum to steer alertness and cognitive control during regular daytime working hours. In the current article, we used a multimeasure approach combined with a relatively large sample size ( N = 60) and a large range of intensity levels (20-2000 lux at eye level) to investigate the dose-dependent relationship between light and correlates of alertness and executive control during regular working hours in the morning and afternoon. Each participant was exposed to a single-intensity light level for 1 h after a 30-min baseline phase (100 lux at the eye) in the morning and afternoon (on separate days) during their daily routine. Results revealed no clear dose-dependent relationships between 1-h daytime light exposure and correlates of alertness or executive control. Subjective correlates showed only very modest linear relationships with the log-transformed illuminance, and we found no significant effects of light intensity on the behavioral and physiological indicators. Overall, these results suggest that daytime exposure to more intense light, at least for 1 h of exposure, may not systematically benefit alertness or executive functioning. However, future research is required to investigate effects of longer exposure durations and potential moderations by prior light exposure, personal characteristics, and spectrum.
Promouvoir les comportements pro-environnementaux grâce à l’hypocrisie induite
Authors: Odou Philippe , Darke Peter , Voisin Dimitri
Published: September 2018

Dans le domaine de la consommation pro-environnementale, les recherches se sont évertuées ces dernières années à expliquer l’écart existant entre les attitudes et les comportements effectifs. Trois études expérimentales montrent que lorsque la contradiction entre ce que les individus disent et ce qu’ils font est rendue saillante, c’est-à-dire dans une situation d’hypocrisie induite, ils réduisent de manière indirecte la dissonance cognitive qui en résulte en étant plus altruistes à l’égard d’associations qui agissent pour l’environnement mais pas pour des associations humanitaires. Cet effet de l’hypocrisie induite n’est plus significatif lorsque les individus ont pu, au préalable, affirmer leur Soi.
Homo neoliberalus: From personality to forms of subjectivity
Authors: Teo Thomas
Published: September 2018

Based on a Neo-Sprangerian approach to forms of life in Western cultures, and drawing on humanities-based ideas about personality, a critical-hermeneutic description of a neoliberal form of life and its corresponding form of subjectivity is presented. In the neoliberal form of subjectivity, the self becomes central, but in a way that the distinction between an ego and the self is no longer relevant. Neoliberal thinking is reduced to utilitarian, calculating thinking in all domains of life from work, to interaction, and to identity. Feeling is considered to be more relevant than thinking and is used to manage stress while aiming for happiness, which is core to this subjectivity. It is argued that agency is reduced to self- and family-interests while consequences for the conduct of life are presented. Concepts such as new nihilism, reduction of individuality, and (im)possibility of resistance in neoliberalism are discussed.
Metabarcoding of modern soil DNA gives a highly local vegetation signal in Svalbard tundra
Authors: Edwards Mary E , Alsos Inger Greve , Yoccoz Nigel , Coissac Eric , Goslar Tomasz , Gielly Ludovic , Haile James , Langdon Catherine T , Tribsch Andreas , Binney Heather A , von Stedingk Henrik , Taberlet Pierre
Published: September 2018

Environmental DNA retrieved from modern soils (eDNA) and late-Quaternary palaeosols and sediments (aDNA and sedaDNA) promises insight into the composition of present and past terrestrial biotic communities, but few studies address the spatial relationship between recovered eDNA and contributing organisms. Svalbard’s vascular plant flora is well known, and a cold climate enhances preservation of eDNA in soils. Thus, Svalbard plant communities are excellent systems for addressing the representation of plant eDNA in soil samples. In two valleys in the inner fjord region of Spitsbergen, we carried out detailed vegetation surveys of circular plots up to a 4-m radius. One or three near-surface soil samples from each plot were used for extraction and metabarcoding of soil-derived eDNA. Use of PCR replicates and appropriate filtering, plus a relevant reference metabarcode catalogue, provided taxon lists that reflected the local flora. There was high concordance between taxa recorded in plot vegetation and those in the eDNA, but floristic diversity was under-sampled, even at the scale of a 1-m radius plot. Most detected taxa grew within < 0.5–1.0 m of the sampling point. Taxa present in vegetation but not in eDNA tended to occur further from the sampling point, and most had above-ground cover of < 5%. Soil-derived eDNA provides a highly local floristic signal, and this spatial constraint should be considered in sampling designs. For palaeoecological or archaeological studies, multiple samples from a given soil horizon that are spatially distributed across the area of interest are likely to provide the most complete picture of species presence.
Evolution of the Ofanto River delta from the ‘Little Ice Age’ to modern times: Implications of large-scale synoptic patterns
Authors: De Santis Vincenzo , Caldara Massimo , Marsico Antonella , Capolongo Domenico , Pennetta Luigi
Published: September 2018

We reconstruct the evolution of the Ofanto River delta from the 17th century to the present using historical maps (1600–1850), official IGM topographic maps (1850–1980) and recent aerial photographs (2015), and we compare long-term morphological changes with the evolution of the delta of the Volturno River during the same time period. The aim of this study is to define the role of climatic (flood frequency, synoptic pressure patterns) and anthropogenic factors (deforestation, anthropogenic sediment subtraction of river sediment) in the evolution of the Ofanto delta. We analysed the importance of each factor on the evolution of the delta and compared them with the simultaneous behaviour of the Volturno delta to highlight the role of large-scale synoptic pressure patterns. We found that the main driver of different delta evolution phases is weather-climatic condition, while anthropogenic factors interacted with the delta evolution in different ways but did not control the first-order evolution. In particular, analysing the data on recent floods, we found that the most favourable situations for both rivers are omega-blocking, deep low-pressure trough and strong meridional circulation (mode Ω) which create Mediterranean low-pressure systems. Instead, a zonal circulation (mode W) can only cause floods on Volturno. Because the evolution of a delta is driven by the frequency of floods, and because we found that the frequency of floods is guided by synoptic patterns, a relationship can be established between delta evolution and synoptic patterns in the past. Consequently, past phases of the contemporary progradation of the Ofanto and Volturno deltas suggest the increasing frequency of mode Ω, while phases of simultaneous progradation of the Volturno delta and stability and/or retreat of the Ofanto delta are indicative of the increasing frequency of mode W. The only exception occurred during the last evolutionary phase (60 years), when anthropogenic sediment subtraction was prevalent.
Holocene development of subarctic permafrost peatlands in Finnmark, northern Norway
Authors: Kjellman Sofia E , Axelsson Pia E , Etzelmüller Bernd , Westermann Sebastian , Sannel A Britta K
Published: September 2018

Subarctic permafrost peatlands are important soil organic carbon pools, and improved knowledge about peat properties and peatland sensitivity to past climate change is essential when predicting future response to a warmer climate and associated feedback mechanisms. In this study, Holocene peatland development and permafrost dynamics of four subarctic peat plateaus in Finnmark, northern Norway have been investigated through detailed analyses of plant macrofossils and geochemical properties. Peatland inception occurred around 9800 cal. yr BP and 9200 cal. yr BP at the two continental sites Suossjavri and Iskoras. Younger basal peat ages were found at the two coastal locations Lakselv and Karlebotn, at least partly caused by the time lag between deglaciation and emergence of land by isostatic uplift. Here, peatland development started around 6150 cal. yr BP and 5150 cal. yr BP, respectively. All four peatlands developed as wet fens throughout most of the Holocene. Permafrost aggradation, causing frost heave and a shift in the vegetation assemblage from wet fen to dry bog species, probably did not occur until during the last millennium, ca. 950 cal. yr BP in Karlebotn and ca. 800 cal. yr BP in Iskoras, and before ca. 150 cal. yr BP in Lakselv and ca. 100 cal. yr BP in Suossjavri. In Karlebotn, there are indications of a possible earlier permafrost phase around 2200 cal. yr BP due to climatic cooling at the late Subboreal to early Subatlantic transition. The mean long-term Holocene carbon accumulation rate at all four sites was 12.3 ± 4.1 gC m−2 yr−1 (±SD) and the mean soil organic carbon storage was 97 ± 46 kgC m−2.
Observations on Holocene subfossil tree remains from high-elevation sites in the Italian Alps
Authors: Bernabei Mauro , Bontadi Jarno , Nicolussi Kurt
Published: September 2018

Subfossil tree remains from 38 high-elevation sites in the eastern Alps, which were mostly located in the province of Trentino, Italy, were dendrochronologically analysed. A total of 909 samples were collected, 497 of which were dated to calendar years through dendrochronology and separated into six groups. A further tree-ring series of 20 samples were cross-dated into two groups and their ages established by means of radiocarbon dating. The new Trentino Chronology that was established on the basis of these samples covers more than 80% of the last ca. 11,500 years. The uneven distribution of wood samples through time is most likely caused by different factors, for example, climatic and anthropogenic factors. According to our observations, the trees fell at the sites where they were found. The tree-ring series show that trees often died after a period of pronounced growth decline, for example, as a consequence of variations in groundwater levels. A comparison of the Holocene sample distribution of the new Trentino Chronology with contemporaneous records of other European tree-ring chronologies suggests that, at least partly, the greater scale of climatic variability influenced the depositional frequency. The new data contribute to our understanding of past climatic variability and environmental dynamics.
Holding on to the Goal or Letting It Go and Moving On? A Tripartite Model of Goal Striving
Authors: Ntoumanis Nikos , Sedikides Constantine
Published: September 2018

Recent findings challenge the widely held motto of “never give up” in goal striving. There are situations in which it is of strategic interest to abandon an important goal and allocate resources to an alternative goal. The ability to realize whether a goal is attainable or not (and therefore the ability to make the “right choice” between goal persistence and goal disengagement or reengagement) is influenced by at least two key motivational factors: motivation for goal striving and a self-regulatory technique called mental contrasting with implementation intentions. The interplay between these two factors is as yet unexplored but holds promise for several conceptual and practical advancements in understanding the pursuit of challenging life goals. To this end, we propose a tripartite model of goal striving that integrates goal motivation and goal regulation.
The Impact of Source of Funding on the Outcome of Clinical Trials in India
Authors: Ruqsana Benhur
Published: September 2018

In recent times, there has been a surge of clinical trials in India. These trials are funded by different agents such as pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, research institutions, etc. Categorising the sponsors as pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, this article tries to address the question whether the source of funding of the trials affects its outcome favourably. The study is carried out with 255 trials registered in Clinical Trials Registry-India from the year 2007 to 2009. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggests that the trials conducted by pharmaceutical industries have significantly (at 10% level of significance) higher probability of success as compared to those sponsored by non-pharmaceutical industries. The possible reasons for this association are that trials conducted by pharmaceutical industries are in higher phase of study, use placebo as a control, are conducted in multiple centres and consist of large sample size.

JEL: I11, C51
‘It’s not about disability, I want to win as many medals as possible’: The social construction of disability in high-performance coaching
Authors: Townsend Robert C , Huntley Tabo , Cushion Christopher J , Fitzgerald Hayley
Published: September 2018

This article draws on the theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu to provide a critical analysis of the social construction of disability in high-performance sport coaching. Data were generated using a qualitative cross-case comparative methodology, comprising 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in high-performance disability sport, and interviews with coaches and athletes from a cross-section of Paralympic sports. We discuss how in both cases ‘disability’ was assimilated into the ‘performance logic’ of the sporting field as a means of maximising symbolic capital. Furthermore, coaches were socialised into a prevailing legitimate culture in elite disability sport that was reflective of ableist, performance-focused and normative ideologies about disability. In this article we unpack the assumptions that underpin coaching in disability sport, and by extension use sport as a lens to problematise the construction of disability in specific social formations across coaching cultures. In so doing, we raise critical questions about the interrelation of disability and sport.
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of clade C Avipoxvirus in a fowlpox outbreak in exotic psittacines in southern Brazil
Authors: Murer Laurete , Westenhofen Moisés , Kommers Glaucia D. , Furian Thales Q. , Borges Karen A. , Kunert-Filho Hiran C. , Streck André F. , Lovato Maristela
Published: September 2018

Fowlpox is one of the oldest diseases reported in birds. The causative genus Avipoxvirus affects ~232 domestic and wild species. We present herein the history, clinical findings, and macroscopic and histologic lesions caused by a clade C poxvirus in an exotic psittacine breeding colony in southern Brazil. Clinical signs included yellow nodular lesions at the commissure of the beak and on the periocular skin, loss of appetite, and death. Fifty birds were autopsied, and fragments of periocular skin, tongue, and trachea were examined histologically, which revealed hyperkeratosis associated with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Tracheal fragments and periocular skin were subjected to nested PCR and phylogenetic analyses. The sequenced strain showed 99.58% identity with the nucleotide sequences of Avipoxvirus strains AY53011, KC018069, AM050383, and AM05382 isolated from birds in Germany, United States, and United Kingdom. The strain was grouped under clade C, which represents isolates exclusively from the Psittacidae family. The infection caused by clade C Avipoxvirus in the exotic psittacines examined ( Platycercus sp. and Psephotus haematonotus) demonstrates the circulation of this clade in this breeding colony.
The Impact of Socioemotional Wealth on Decline-Stemming Strategies of Family Firms
Authors: Laffranchini Giacomo , Hadjimarcou John S , Kim Si Hyun
Published: September 2018

Calling upon stakeholder theory and the socioemotional wealth (SEW) literature, we investigate how SEW impacts the decline-stemming strategies of family firms. Drawing on a recent conceptualization of SEW, we validate a two-dimensional measurement of the construct using a content analysis technique. Our empirical test on a sample of publicly traded family firms in need of turnaround suggests that the strategic preferences of family firms change depending upon the type of SEW (extended vs. restricted) the owning family values the most. The fine-grained characterization of SEW adopted in this study accounts for within-family-firm differences and thus enables the reconciliation of conflicting findings in the literature.
The Mindful Body: A Phenomenology of the Body With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: van der Meide Hanneke , Teunissen Truus , Collard Pascal , Visse Merel , Visser Leo H
Published: September 2018

For people living with multiple sclerosis (MS), one’s own body may no longer be taken for granted but may become instead an insistent presence. In this article, we describe how the body experience of people with MS can reflect an ongoing oscillation between four experiential dimensions: bodily uncertainty, having a precious body, being a different body, and the mindful body. People with MS can become engaged in a mode of permanent bodily alertness and may demonstrate adaptive responses to their ill body. In contrast to many studies on health and illness, our study shows that the presence of the body may not necessarily result in alienation or discomfort. By focusing the attention on the body, a sense of well-being can be cultivated and the negative effects of MS only temporarily dominate experience. Rather than aiming at bodily dis-appearance, health care professionals should therefore consider ways to support bodily eu-appearance.
“We Don’t Want to Live Like This”: The Lived Experience of Dislocation, Poor Health, and Homelessness for Western Australian Aboriginal People
Authors: Martin Robyn , Fernandes Christina , Taylor Cheryl , Crow Amanda , Headland Desmond , Shaw Nicola , Zammit Simone
Published: September 2018

Many policy interventions have attempted to address the entrenched disadvantage of Aboriginal Australians1; however, sustained improvement in social, cultural, physical, and emotional well-being is not evident. This disadvantage is compounded by paternalistic practices which do not promote Aboriginal self-determination or empowerment. This article presents the lived experience and voice of Aboriginal Australians spending time in parks in Perth, Western Australia. A community-based participatory action research approach informed by critical Indigenous methodologies involving collaboration between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal service providers was used. Participants experienced disconnection from kin and country, serious risk to personal safety, homelessness, and problematic health; all related to, and intersecting with, time spent in the parks. The participants’ narratives highlight the enduring impacts of colonization, dispossession, and racism. These lived experiences are situated within contexts of rising moral panic from politicians, residents and mass media, and siloed policy and service delivery responses.
Broadcasting War Trauma: An Exploratory Netnography of Veterans’ YouTube Vlogs
Authors: Schuman Donna L. , Lawrence Karen A. , Pope Natalie
Published: September 2018

This exploratory netnographic study is among the first to investigate military video blogs (milvlogs) posted by Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who self-published stories on military-related trauma to YouTube. Studies have shown that self-published milvlogs provide benefits such as education, social support, and self-management of chronic physical and psychological illness. The aim of this study was to explore combat veterans’ milvlogs and to determine themes that emerged across the videos. We transcribed and analyzed content from 17 milvlogs. Our analysis yielded seven themes: motivation, loss, managing symptoms, help-seeking, guilt and shame, suicide, and connecting to other veterans. We concluded that veterans were initially drawn to vlogging to connect to others. Vlogging also served as a medium for combat veterans to tell their stories, position these stories against others’ experiences, and engage in outreach and advocacy. Finally, milvlogs may provide an easily accessible resource for developing preventive and/or mental health treatment/support links.
Urban Waste Collectors in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Their Perceptions of Occupational Health Risk
Authors: Mol Marcos Paulo Gomes , Cairncross Sandy , Greco Dirceu Bartolomeu , Heller Leo
Published: September 2018

Frequent contact with hazardous materials makes waste collection a potentially unhealthy activity. This article assesses the perception of waste management workers regarding work-related accidents in domestic and health service contexts in Brazil. Six focus groups were performed between June 2014 and August 2015. The aims of this study were to apprehend different aspects of the participants’ health, workers’ experiences of work-related accidents and perception of risks. Cuts and puncture injuries were reported most frequently in the line of work and were often considered as irrelevant. Immunization against hepatitis B was not common among all workers, which increases the risk of infection for those individuals. Finally, it is considered urgent to consolidate an inclusive space in which workers can have discussions on their health.
Changes in Care After Implementing a Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Preventive Cardiology Practice in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Majka Darcy S. , Lee Ji Young , Peprah Yaw A. , Lipiszko Dawid , Friesema Elisha , Ruderman Eric M. , Persell Stephen D.
Published: September 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, CVD risk factor identification and treatment is often inadequate. The authors implemented a multifaceted rheumatology practice intervention to improve CVD risk factor measurement, assessment, and management. The intervention included clinician education, point-of-care decision support, feedback, and care management. The authors measured quality indicators from electronic health records and assessed impact with interrupted time series. Following the intervention, more RA patients had all major CVD risk factors assessed (53% vs 72.2%), and the rate of increase was greater during the intervention period than baseline (difference of 0.74% per month, P = .0016). Moderate- or high-intensity statin prescribing increased (21.6% to 28.2%), but the rate of change was not different from baseline. Several other quality measures did not increase. Although CVD risk factor assessment improved, the intervention did not affect risk factor management and control. Other strategies are needed to optimize CVD prevention in RA.
Effects of Heart Rate Reduction With Either Pyridostigmine or Ivabradine in Patients With Heart Failure: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Villacorta Aline Sterque , Villacorta Humberto , Caldas José Antônio , Precht Bernardo Campanário , Porto Pilar Barreto , Rodrigues Letícia Ubaldo , Neves Márcio , Xavier Analucia Rampazzo , Kanaan Salim , Mesquita Cláudio Tinoco , da Nóbrega Antônio Cláudio Lucas
Published: September 2018

Background:

Heart rate (HR) reduction with ivabradine has been proved to reduce hospitalization and death from heart failure (HF). We sought to investigate whether pyridostigmine would effectively reduce HR in patients with chronic HF as compared with ivabradine.

Methods:

Twenty-one patients with HF who were in sinus rhythm with a resting HR over 70 bpm, despite optimal medical treatment, were included in a randomized, double-blind study comparing pyridostigmine versus ivabradine. The initial dose of ivabradine was 5 mg twice daily to reach a target HR between 50 and 60 bpm and could be titrated to a maximum of 7.5 mg twice daily. Pyridostigmine was used in a fixed dose of 30 mg 3 times daily.

Results:

The baseline HR for ivabradine and pyridostigmine groups was 89.1 (13.5) and 80.1 (7.2) bpm, respectively ( P = .083). After 6 months of treatment, HR was significantly reduced to 64.8 (8.3) bpm in the ivabradine group ( P = .0014) and 63.6 (5.9) bpm in the pyridostigmine group ( P = .0001). The N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was reduced in the ivabradine group (median: 1308.4 [interquartile range: 731-1896] vs 755.8 [134.5-1014] pg/mL; P = .027) and in the pyridostigmine group (132.8 [89.9-829] vs 100.7 [38-360] pg/mL; P = .002). Inflammatory markers interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor were reduced in both groups. Exercise capacity was improved in both groups, with increments in volume of oxygen utilization ([Formula: see text]O2; ivabradine: 13.1 vs 15.6, P = .048; pyridostigmine: 13.3 vs 16.7, P = .032). Heart rate recovery in the first minute postexercise was improved with pyridostigmine (11.8 [3.9] vs 18 [6.5]; P = .046), but not with ivabradine (13.3 [6.9] vs 14.1 [8.2]; P = .70). No differences in either group were observed in the myocardial scintigraphy with 123-iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine.

Conclusion:

Both drugs significantly reduced HR, with improvements in exercise capacity and in neurohormonal and inflammatory profiles.
Prediction of Early Death in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Coagulation Disorder Treated With Antithrombin Supplementation
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Arakawa Makoto , Ohchi Yoshifumi , Arai Takao , Sato Koichi , Wada Hideo , Levy Jerrold H.
Published: September 2018

For success in clinical trials, eliminating inclusion of patients with irreversible recovery is important. The purpose of this study was to identify the patient population who do not survive for more than 3 days. A total of 449 patients with sepsis suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and treated with antithrombin were examined. The patient characteristics, baseline sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, DIC score, and hemostatic markers were retrospectively analyzed in relation to early death (died within 3 days). At the end of day 3, a total of 419 patients had survived and 30 patients had died. A logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between early death and the baseline prothrombin time-international normalized ratio PT-INR ( P <.05) and the total SOFA score ( P <.01). In contrast, neither the platelet count, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, and antithrombin activity nor the DIC score was associated with early death. Although the accuracy for predicting early death defined by either baseline PT-INR of ≥1.57 or total SOFA score of more than 13 was not high enough, that of “high-risk of early death (PT-INR ≥ 1.57 and SOFA score ≥ 13)” was 83.5%. Furthermore, the negative predictive of this category was 96.0%. The baseline SOFA score and PT-INR were associated with early death among patients with sepsis-associated coagulation disorders. Patients who do not meet the “high-risk of early death” criteria were likely to survive for more than 3 days and therefore should be considered for future therapeutic clinical trials.
Impact of Emergency Shelter Utilization and Kinship Involvement on Children’s Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Hindt Lauren A. , Bai Grace Jhe , Huguenel Brynn M. , Fuller Anne K. , Leon Scott C.
Published: September 2018

Youth in child welfare often experience emergency shelter care, a type of congregate setting, while a permanent placement is arranged. The present longitudinal study explored the impact of initial emergency shelter placement on long-term externalizing behavior (i.e., aggression, delinquency) and internalizing symptom (i.e., anxiety, depression) trajectories, and whether kinship involvement moderated the effect of shelter placement on behavioral outcomes. The sample consisted of 282 youths (55.3% male) with an average age of 9.90 years ( SD = 2.37); 36.9% experienced an emergency shelter placement. Data were collected from the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services. Caseworkers completed the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths, which measured youths’ behavioral outcomes. Results suggested that shelter care was not associated with externalizing behavior trajectories. However, shelter care was associated with internalizing symptoms among children with less kinship involvement. Results from this study suggest that best practices for shelter care should leverage kinship involvement.
Risk Factors for Depression in Adolescents With ADHD: The Impact of Cognitive Biases and Stress
Authors: Shapero Benjamin G. , Gibb Brandon E. , Archibald Abigail , Wilens Timothy E. , Fava Maurizio , Hirshfeld-Becker Dina R.
Published: September 2018

Objective: Youth diagnosed with ADHD are at heightened risk of depression. However, many do not develop depression. Individuals with specific cognitive biases are more likely to develop depression yet it remains untested whether these vulnerability-stress models apply to depression risk in youth with ADHD. Method: We examined whether interpretation and attention biases moderated the relation between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in a sample of adolescents ( Mage = 14.42) with ADHD ( n = 59) and without ADHD ( n = 36). Results: Youth with ADHD experienced more stressful life events compared with those without ADHD. Interpretation biases moderated the association between stress and depressive symptoms in youth with and without ADHD. Attention biases moderated the association between stress and depressive symptoms in the non-ADHD youth only. Conclusion: These results enhance our understanding of vulnerability for depression in adolescence with ADHD and inform targeted prevention and treatment models during this critical developmental juncture.
Masculinity, Poststructuralism, and Recovery: Moving beyond Theory to Practice
Authors: Ferkul Sean
Published: September 2018

This article seeks to explore how poststructural theory can be applied to therapeutic spaces to evoke conversations around masculinity and identity. By breaking down complicated language and creating accessibility of ideas, poststructural theory has a variety of uses at the practical level. This article provides an entry point for how frontline workers can begin to apply poststructural language to begin exploring complicated themes of identity.