bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiments and simulation of block motion in underwater bench blasting
Authors: Wu Liang , Liang Zhijian , Chen Ming
Published: March 2023

The blasting mechanism underlying drilling and blasting of underwater rocks, as an important component of the engineering blasting technology, has not been systematically studied. Laboratory model experiments are expensive and take a long time, while field tests fail to obtain timeous breakage and accumulation effects of underwater blasting, and may even be impossible. Considering this, a model experiment of underwater concrete bench blasting was designed, and the motion of blasted blocks was observed and evaluated with a high-speed camera. Then, numerical simulation was conducted based on Fluent and an engineering discrete element method coupling program complied using the application programming interface. Results show that the blocks form a bulge in the underwater blasting experiment under action of blast waves and expansion in the first period of bubble pulsation. Then, some blocks shrink in the first period of bubble pulsation. As the charge increases, the blast load exerts larger disturbance on the block group, resulting in significant motion of blasted blocks along the vertical direction. At the same time, the horizontal displacement of blasted blocks in the throwing direction increases.
A novel 3D culture model for human primary mammary adipocytes to study their metabolic crosstalk with breast cancer in lean and obese conditions
Authors: Rebeaud Marie , Bouche Caroline , Dauvillier Stéphanie , Attané Camille , Arellano Carlo , Vaysse Charlotte , Fallone Frédérique , Muller Catherine
Published: March 2023

Obesity is a negative prognosis factor for breast cancer. Yet, the biological mechanisms underlying this effect are still largely unknown. An emerging hypothesis is that the transfer of free fatty acids (FFA) between adipocytes and tumor cells might be altered under obese conditions, contributing to tumor progression. Currently there is a paucity of models to study human mammary adipocytes (M-Ads)-cancer crosstalk. As for other types of isolated white adipocytes, herein, we showed that human M-Ads die within 2–3 days by necrosis when grown in 2D. As an alternative, M-Ads were grown in a fibrin matrix, a 3D model that preserve their distribution, integrity and metabolic function for up to 5 days at physiological glucose concentrations (5 mM). Higher glucose concentrations frequently used in in vitro models promote lipogenesis during M-Ads culture, impairing their lipolytic function. Using transwell inserts, the matrix embedded adipocytes were cocultured with breast cancer cells. FFA transfer between M-Ads and cancer cells was observed, and this event was amplified by obesity. Together these data show that our 3D model is a new tool for studying the effect of M-Ads on tumor cells and beyond with all the components of the tumor microenvironment including the immune cells.
Coffee consumption and associations with blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol and echocardiographic measures in the general population
Authors: Senftinger Juliana , Nikorowitsch Julius , Borof Katrin , Ojeda Francisco , Aarabi Ghazal , Beikler Thomas , Mayer Carola , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Walther Carolin , Zyriax Birgit-Christiane , Twerenbold Raphael , Blankenberg Stefan , Wenzel Jan-Per
Published: March 2023

Coffee, next to water the most widespread beverage, is attributed both harmful and protective characteristics concerning cardiovascular health. This study aimed to evaluate associations of coffee consumption with cardiac biomarkers, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic parameters and major cardiovascular diseases. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 9009 participants of the population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS), enrolled between 2016 and 2018 median age 63 [IQR: 55; 69] years. Coffee consumption was classified into three groups: < 3 cups/day (low), 3–4 cups/day (moderate), > 4 cups/day (high). In linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and additives, high coffee consumption correlated with higher LDL-cholesterol (β = 5.92; 95% CI 2.95, 8.89; p < 0.001). Moderate and high coffee consumption correlated with lower systolic (β = − 1.91; 95% CI − 3.04, − 0.78; p = 0.001; high: β = − 3.06; 95% CI − 4.69, − 1.44; p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (β = − 1.05; 95% CI − 1.67, − 0.43; p = 0.001; high: β = − 1.85; 95% CI − 2.74, − 0.96; p < 0.001). Different levels of coffee consumption did neither correlate with any investigated electrocardiographic or echocardiographic parameter nor with prevalent major cardiovascular diseases, including prior myocardial infarction and heart failure. In this cross-sectional analysis, high coffee consumption correlated with raised LDL-cholesterol levels and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, major cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and its diagnostic precursors were not associated with coffee consumption, connoting a neutral role of coffee in the context of cardiovascular health.
Aerosol-based functional nanocomposite coating process for large surface areas
Authors: Lai Shutong , Sublemontier Olivier , Aubry Eric , Rousseau Youri , Billard Alain , Briois Pascal
Published: March 2023

The incorporation of nanometric-sized objects in conventional coatings can improve the properties of the matrix alone or give rise to new functionalities brought by the nanostructures. Current processes call on various shaping technologies that depend on the nature of the nano-inclusions and the matrix considered. Here, we present an integrated process based on the incorporation of nanoparticles using the aerosol route. It combines divergent nanoparticle jets with a uniform spatial profile and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD). The chemical nature of the nanoparticles is then independent of that used for the matrix. First samples show that the morphology of nanocomposites is strongly dependent on the particle density in the films. Moreover, using several aerodynamic lens arrays combined with smart masking demonstrate the ability for coating on large surface area (40 cm2) substrates. These extended possibilities for developing new types of nanocomposites on any type of substrate and on large surface areas at low temperatures proves to be of strategic interest for various applications.
Prenatal environment impacts telomere length in newborn dairy heifers
Authors: Meesters Maya , Van Eetvelde Mieke , Martens Dries S. , Nawrot Tim S. , Dewulf Manon , Govaere Jan , Opsomer Geert
Published: March 2023

Telomere length is associated with longevity and survival in multiple species. In human population-based studies, multiple prenatal factors have been described to be associated with a newborn’s telomere length. In the present study, we measured relative leukocyte telomere length in 210 Holstein Friesian heifers, within the first ten days of life. The dam’s age, parity, and milk production parameters, as well as environmental factors during gestation were assessed for their potential effect on telomere length. We found that for both primi- and multiparous dams, the telomere length was 1.16% shorter for each day increase in the calf’s age at sampling (P = 0.017). The dam’s age at parturition (P = 0.045), and the median temperature-humidity index (THI) during the third trimester of gestation (P = 0.006) were also negatively associated with the calves’ TL. Investigating multiparous dams separately, only the calf’s age at sampling was significantly and negatively associated with the calves’ TL (P = 0.025). Results of the present study support the hypothesis that in cattle, early life telomere length is influenced by prenatal factors. Furthermore, the results suggest that selecting heifers born in winter out of young dams might contribute to increased longevity in dairy cattle.
l-Glutamic acid crystals of pure α form and uniform size distribution from continuous non-seeded reaction crystallization in slug flow
Authors: Zambrano Consuelo Del Pilar Vega , Jiang Mo
Published: March 2023

Desired goals of crystal synthesis include high crystal quality (e.g., pure solid forms and uniform size distribution) and high process efficiency and reproducibility.
From Goldilocks to twin peaks: multiple optimal regimes for quantum transport in disordered networks
Authors: Coates Alexandre R. , Lovett Brendon W. , Gauger Erik M.
Published: March 2023

Physically modelled molecular transport networks can have more than one regime of environment coupling that optimises their steady state transport efficiency.
Tuning catalysis by surface-deposition of elements on oxidation catalystsviaatomic layer deposition
Authors: Rüther Frederik , Baumgarten Robert , Ebert Fabian , Gioria Esteban , Naumann d'Alnoncourt Raoul , Trunschke Annette , Rosowski Frank
Published: March 2023

This study on surface-modifications of bulk oxidation catalysts with sub-monolayers of POx, BOxand MnOxviaatomic layer deposition demonstrates this method to be a powerful tool for tuning the performance in selective oxidations of light alkanes.
Role of carotenoids in adipose tissue through the AMPK-mediated pathway
Authors: Ferreira Yasmin Alaby Martins , Jamar Giovana , Estadella Débora , Pisani Luciana Pellegrini
Published: March 2023

Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments with anti-inflammatory properties and effects on cell differentiation. Carotenoids could ameliorate complications induced by a high-fat diet affecting energy metabolism and adipogenesis via AMPK pathway.
Brazilian berry waste as a source of bioactive compounds: grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensisLam.) as a case study
Authors: Albuquerque Bianca R. , Finimundy Tiane C. , Pinela José , Pires Tânia C. S. P. , Mandim Filipa , Vaz Josiana , Corrêa Rúbia C. G. , Oliveira Maria Beatriz P. P. , Barros Lillian
Published: March 2023

Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) residues.
Influence of stabilisers on the catalytic activity of supported Au colloidal nanoparticles for the liquid phase oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid: understanding the catalyst performance from NMR relaxation and computational studies
Authors: Monti Eleonora , Ventimiglia Alessia , Forster Luke , Rodríguez-Aguado Elena , Cecilia Juan Antonio , Ospitali Francesca , Tabanelli Tommaso , Albonetti Stefania , Cavani Fabrizio , Rivalta Ivan , D'Agostino Carmine , Dimitratos Nikolaos
Published: March 2023

Impact of stabilisers on the catalytic performance of supported Au colloidal nanoparticles for the liquid phase oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid.
Regiodivergent electroreductive defluorinative carboxylation ofgem-difluorocyclopropanes
Authors: Zhao Bin , Pan Zichen , Pan Jiayu , Deng Hongping , Bu Xiaoli , Ma Mengtao , Xue Fei
Published: March 2023

A regiodivergent electrochemical defluorocarboxylation ofgem-difluorocyclopropanes is realized, providing access to branched and linear carboxylated monofluorinated alkenes.
High-yield production of aromatics over CuFeO2/hierarchical HZSM-5 via CO2 Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Cheng Yang , Chen Yong , Zhang Shuxian , Wu Xiaoting , Chen Chide , Shi Xin , Qing Ming , Li Jifan , Liu Chun-Ling , Dong Wen-Sheng
Published: March 2023

The bifunctional catalyst CuFeO2/hierarchical HZSM-5 suppresses the total selectivity of CO and CH4 to less than 12% with a high aromatics STY of 431.8 mgCH2 gcat−1 h−1 at a CO2 conversion of 52.8%, which outperforms the previously reported catalysts.
Multi-color luminescence and anticounterfeiting application of upconversion nanoparticle
Authors: Zhang Tieying , Liu Litao , Wang Ru , Zhang Wei , Liu Xinyu , Yuan Chuanjun , Hua Ruinian
Published: March 2023

Quadruply doped (Nd3+, Tm3+, Er3+ and Yb3+) core–shell structure NaYF4 UCNPs achieve multi-color luminescence based on a single material under 980 nm excitation. Their applicability to anticounterfeiting and information storage has been verified.
A quantum spin liquid candidate isolated in a two-dimensional CoIIRhIII bimetallic oxalate network
Authors: Burzurí Enrique , Martínez-Pérez María José , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos , Evangelisti Marco , Mañas-Valero Samuel , Coronado Eugenio , Martínez Jesús I. , Galan-Mascaros Jose Ramon , Luis Fernando
Published: March 2023

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an elusive state of matter characterized by the absence of long-range magnetic order, even at zero temperature, and by the presence of exotic quasiparticle excitations.
Devising a people-friendly test kit for overcoming challenges in the assessment of water quality and analysis of water pollution in the river Ganga
Authors: Chauhan Shraddha , Yadav Anjali , Kurup Premnadh M. , Li Xia , Swarnakar Pradip , Gupta Raju Kumar
Published: March 2023

This article provides an inclusive understanding of the factors responsible for the water quality deterioration of Ganga, the activities by people towards harming the water quality and available test kits for determining the toxic pollutants.
A room temperature ammonia gas sensor based on cerium oxide/MXene and self-powered by a freestanding-mode triboelectric nanogenerator and its multifunctional monitoring application
Authors: Wang Xingwei , Gong Likun , Li Zheng , Yin Yingda , Zhang Dongzhi
Published: March 2023

A high-precision CeO2/V2C sensor for NH3 capable of operating at room temperature is constructed via in situ polymerization and exhibits excellent response and stability, low detection limit, and fast response/recovery time.
Sensitive and reproducible gold nanostar@metal–organic framework-based SERS membranes for the online monitoring of the freshness of shrimps
Authors: Guo Hanlin , Li Yu , Pi Fuwei
Published: March 2023

The SERS-active AuNS@ZIF-8-SLIPS substrate was applied for the online monitoring of the shrimp spoilage process by simultaneous detection of pH and gaseous biogenic amine molecules.
Synergistic inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal formation and synergistic protection of HK-2 cells from crystal damage by sulfatedLaminarinpolysaccharide and potassium citrate
Authors: Liu Jing-Hong , Ouyang Jian-Ming
Published: March 2023

Compared with the standalone group, the SDLP–K3cit synergistic group not only showed an enhancement effect of 1 + 1 > 2 in inducing COD formation, but also showed a more significant protective effect in protecting cells from nano-COM damage.
Injectable chondroitin sulfate-grafted self-antioxidant hydrogels ameliorate nucleus pulposus degeneration against overactive inflammation
Authors: Luo Huitong , Wang Zetao , He Zhichao , Ling Zemin , Wang Hao , Zhu Jiayi , Nie Jingjun , Chen Dafu , Feng Qi , Cao Xiaodong
Published: March 2023

Nucleus pulposus degeneration is effectively inhibited by injecting an innate antioxidative hydrogel with chondroitin sulfate released.
Cysteine-responsive prodrug of the anti-cancer drug amonafide: fluorogenic adjuvant drug delivery with hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Authors: Mahato Sulendar K. , Barman Pallavi , Badirujjaman Md. , Bhabak Krishna P.
Published: March 2023

l-Cysteine (Cys)-responsive turn-on fluorogenic prodrug AM-ITC was developed for the adjuvant delivery of the anti-cancer drug amonafide and the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
A bipolar porphyrin molecule for stable dual-ion symmetric batteries with high potential
Authors: Zeng Youlian , Zhou Jiarong , Zhang Jiahao , Liao Yao , Sun Caihong , Su Yachao , Gao Ping , Tan Songting
Published: March 2023

An symmetric organic battery using functionalized porphyrin molecules as both the cathode and anode enables a discharge potential of 2.7 V and stable cycling up to 1500 times.
How fast do defects migrate in halide perovskites: insights from on-the-fly machine-learned force fields
Authors: Pols Mike , Brouwers Victor , Calero Sofía , Tao Shuxia
Published: March 2023

Machine-learned force fields are used to explain the effects that defect types and perovskite compositions have on the migration of point defects in inorganic halide perovskites.
Novel pharmaceutical co-crystals of gefitinib: synthesis, dissolution, cytotoxicity, and theoretical studies
Authors: Shaik Althaf , Bhagwat Pranav Umesh , Palanisamy Parimaladevi , Chhabria Dimple , Dubey Pankaj , Kirubakaran Sivapriya , Thiruvenkatam Vijay
Published: March 2023

Crystal engineering of gefitinib by forming cocrystals help in modulating its physico-chemical properties while retaining its biological activity.
Single-photon ionization induced C–C or C–N bond formation in pyrrole clusters
Authors: Wei Chengcheng , Chen Xujian , Wang Yi , Li Yujian , Gao Jiao , Xie Min , Hu Yongjun
Published: March 2023

We demonstrated the pyrroles prefer to form a C–C or C–N covalent bond in its clusters after one-photon ionization, which may help to elucidate the mechanism of DNA damage at a molecular level.
Mechanistic insights into the inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation by chitosan
Authors: Gotla Suhas , Matysiak Silvina
Published: March 2023

Chitosan polysaccharides inhibit amyloid-β aggregation by sequestering peptides, and suppressing ultimate multimer sizes. Concentration and charge-density of chitosan chains influence peptide conformations and aggregate properties.
Nickel centered pyromellitic acid/pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid bi-linker organic webbing for battery-supercapacitor hybrids
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Aftab Sikandar , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Siddique Salma
Published: March 2023

The combination of Ni-PMA-H2pdc MOF//activated carbon in a hybrid supercapacitor holds great potential for advancements in energy storage technology.
Two-dimensional polymer nanosheets as a high-performance organic anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kang Hongwei , Pang Yanrui , Ma Quanwei , Jin Rencheng , Li Jing , Li Hongbao , Zhang Longhai , Dong Yuhuan , Yue Jixiang , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: March 2023

Based on the conjugated system, the sodium 2-amino-4-thiazol-derived polymer (PATANa) exhibits rapid electron/ion transfer kinetics and limited solubility in the electrolyte for significantly enhanced cycling stability and rate capability of SIBs.
Cleavable crystals, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of the NbFe1+xTe3 layered van der Waals telluride
Authors: Verchenko Valeriy Yu. , Stepanova Anna V. , Bogach Alexey V. , Kirsanova Maria A. , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: March 2023

Cleavable crystals of the NbFe1+xTe3 van der Waals telluride demonstrate antiferromagnetism, spin-glass behavior, and spin-flop transition in high magnetic fields for the elaborate control of spins in two-dimensional spintronic devices.
Magnetic field-enhanced redox chemistry on-the-fly for enantioselective synthesis
Authors: Salinas Gerardo , Arnaboldi Serena , Garrigue Patrick , Bonetti Giorgia , Cirilli Roberto , Benincori Tiziana , Kuhn Alexander
Published: March 2023

Redox chemistry on-the-fly in the presence of a magnetic field is proposed as an efficient concept to boost the stereoselective conversion of a prochiral starting compound with the help of autonomous swimmers.
Electrooxidative α-hydroxymethylation of ketones with dimethylformamide as the carbon source
Authors: Zheng Jin-Ming , Li Yi-Fei , Pan Yi-Xiang , Hu Xiao-Dong , Ye Xiao-Xia , Li Ren-Hao
Published: March 2023

We report the electrocatalytic α-hydroxymethylation of ketones using DMF as the carbon source at room temperature in air in a conversion that proceeds without need for toxic and expensive chemical oxidants or metal catalysts.
A low-energy and sustainable pulping technology for eucalyptus slabs using a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Zhang Zhaohui , Xu Jun , Xie Junxian , Zhu Shiyun , Li Jun , Ying Guangdong , Chen Kefu
Published: March 2023

An integrated pulping process was proposed that simultaneously produced pulp and useful lignin by-product from eucalyptus along with the recycling of chemicals and water.
The fate of reverse micellar aggregation in irradiated diglycolamide inn-dodecane solution
Authors: Parvathy N. , Rama Swami K. , Prathibha T. , Venkatesan K. A.
Published: March 2023

A significant reduction in the aggregate size of TODGA/n-DD suggests that gamma irradiation is favourable for minimizing third phase formation.
Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by a chitosan modified Fe pretreatment biochar composite from aqueous solution
Authors: Huang Ruiyao , Zhu Qi , Wang Weixin , Hu Yuhan
Published: March 2023

A natural adsorbent that effectively removes the ciprofloxacin from water by altering biochar made from straw using an eco-friendly procedure.
Thin carbon nanotube coiled around thick branched carbon nanotube composite electrodes for high-performance and flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Yongsheng , Wang Tao , Peng Shou , Yao Tingting , Zhu Yingchun , Xu Bingshe
Published: March 2023

TCNT/BCNT composites are designed for flexible supercapacitors that exhibit exceptional cycling performance and remarkable flexibility over 10 000 cycles under bending.
Bidirectional near-infrared regulation of motor behavior using orthogonal emissive upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Jingxuan , Chen Lili , Xiong Feihong , Zhang Yongning , Wang Ruipeng , Zhang Xuefei , Wen Quan , Gao Shangbang , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2023

Independent, bidirectional NIR-optogenetic manipulation of C. elegans motor behavior is demonstrated by synergistic integration of orthogonal emissive upconversion nanoparticles (OUCNPs) with a single dual-light responsive sensor, BiPOLES.
Towards high-performance polyurethanes: a mechanism of amine catalyzed aromatic imide formation from the reaction of isocyanates with anhydrides
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Spicher Sebastian , Cristadoro Anna , Deglmann Peter , Sijbesma Rint P. , Tomović Željko
Published: March 2023

The mechanism of aromatic imide formation from reaction between isocyanate and anhydride using secondary amine as a pre-catalyst is driven by deprotonated urea, which is obtained from the reaction of isocyanate and amine with the help of bases.
AnN-oxide containing conjugated semiconducting polymer with enhanced electron mobilityviadirect (hetero)arylation polymerization
Authors: He Xiandong , Ye Feng , Guo Jia-Cheng , Chang Wenju , Ma Bingxu , Ding Riqing , Wang Sijing , Liang Yong , Hu Dehua , Guo Zi-Hao , Ma Yuguang
Published: March 2023

TheN-oxide containing conjugated semiconducting polymer is synthesized by direct (hetero)arylation polymerization and exhibit enhanced electron mobility compared to its non-oxide analogous polymer.
Catalytic effects of Ni nanoparticles encapsulated in few-layer N-doped graphene and supported by N-doped graphitic carbon in Li–S batteries
Authors: Baikalov Nurzhan , Rakhimbek Islam , Konarov Aishuak , Mentbayeva Almagul , Zhang Yongguang , Bakenov Zhumabay
Published: March 2023

Ni@NGC with different contents of Ni coated onto the surface of commercial separators effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttle effect and enhances the electrochemical reaction kinetics and overall performance of a Li–S battery.
Control of the assembly of a cyclic hetero[4]pseudorotaxane from a self-complementary [2]rotaxane
Authors: Saura-Sanmartin Adrian , Nicolas-Garcia Tomas , Pastor Aurelia , Quiñonero David , Alajarin Mateo , Martinez-Cuezva Alberto , Berna Jose
Published: March 2023

The self-association of a ditopic [2]rotaxane with two macrocycles mainly leads to a [4]pseudorotaxane which can be reversibly disassembled by adding competitive binders, varying the solvent polarity and changing a binding site affinity.
All sprayed fluorine-free membrane electrode assembly for low-platinum and low-humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Yu Weisheng , Yang Xiaoqi , Liang Xian , Xu Yan , Shen Xianhe , Ge Xiaolin , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen
Published: March 2023

We propose an all-sprayed fluorine-free membrane electrode assembly for low-platinum and low-humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cell application.
Solving multiple travelling salesman problem through deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Ling Zhengxuan , Zhou Yueling , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2023

The multiple travelling salesman problem (mTSP) is a classical optimisation problem that is widely applied in various fields. Although the mTSP was solved using both classical algorithms and artificial neural networks, reiteration is inevitable for these methods when presented with new samples. To meet the online and high‐speed logistics requirements deploying new information technology, the iterative algorithm may not be reliable and timely. In this study, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)‐based solution method for mTSP is proposed, which can establish the mapping between the parameters and the optimal solutions directly and avoid the use of iterations. To facilitate the DCNN in establishing a mapping, an image representation that can transfer the mTSP from an optimisation problem into a computer vision problem is presented. While maintaining the excellent quality of the results, the efficiency of the solution achieved by the proposed method is much higher than that of the traditional optimisation method after training. Meanwhile, the method can be applied to solve the mTSP under different constraints after transfer learning.
NiOx electrochemical sensor fabricated via electrodeposition and spin‐coating
Authors: Park Sodam , Kang Hoon , Kang Chung Mu , Kim Yekyung , Kim Eun Joong
Published: March 2023

NiOx thin films were prepared on an Au substrate using the electrodeposition (ED), spin‐coating (SP), and ED after SP (SP/ED) techniques to realize their application as an electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of trace substances. The results indicated that the electrodeposited films had nanoparticles formed as coarse‐grain morphology, and the spin‐coated films had a uniform layer with ∼60 nm thickness. The thin film prepared by the SP/ED technique showed the highest electrochemical activity, and it was used to record a linear sweep voltammogram to measure the target substance, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and glucose, from low concentrations (2 nM) to high concentrations (200 μM). Within the range of concentrations, high R2 values of ≥0.99 were observed for both target substances, confirming that the SP/ED thin films can be used as an electrochemical sensor with high reliability.
A comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review on reliability assessment and charging methodologies of grid‐integrated electric vehicles
Authors: Singh Saumya , Saket Ram K. , Khan Baseem
Published: March 2023

This article presents a comprehensive review on the reliability assessment and charging methodologies of electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the grid. In the transportation industry, EVs are acknowledged as effective ideas for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases. The article presents a critical survey of the various types of EVs and their performance, generally depend on the proper interface between power electronics converters and energy storage devices. Bi‐directional converters are utilised to enhance efficiency and prolong battery life. This article explores an in‐depth analysis of the grid connected converter topologies for distribution networks, charging infrastructures and standards, battery charging technologies (merits/demerits), and most advanced off‐board and on‐board EV chargers. Evaluating the reliability of grid‐integrated EVs system is thus an important area of research. Then, the current research approaches vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) and grid‐to‐vehicle (G2V) are demonstrated to describe travel behaviour, reliability parameters, and battery capacity associated with reliability and to assess the stability of the distribution system by incorporating EV discharging thresholds of both distribution networks and EVs. Finally, this article illustrates the positive as well as negative impacts of grid integration, issues related to EV converters, and specific suggestions for developing EV charging stations (CS) in the future.
Adaptive fractional differential algorithm for image edge enhancement and texture preserve using fuzzy sets
Authors: Li Bo , Xie Wei , Zhang Langwen , Yu Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2023

This paper uses a fuzzy set scheme to present an adaptive fractional differential algorithm for image edge enhancement and texture preservation. In the proposed algorithm, an image's membership function and area feature are used to calculate the fuzzy set of images. The function of adaptive fractional differential order (FAFDO) can be constructed by making the linear transformation of the fuzzy set. Then, the fuzzy adaptive fractional differential mask (FAFDM) is obtained by substituting the FAFDO into the fractional differential mask. Finally, the image edge and texture are enhanced and preserved by applying airspace filtering of the FAFDM convolution. The experimental results show that, compared to fractional differential or fuzzy set‐based image enhancement algorithms, the proposed algorithm can adaptively enhance the image edge and preserve the image texture by analysing the fuzziness of the image itself.
Clues on the presence and segregation of very massive stars in the Sunburst Lyman-continuum cluster at z = 2.37
Authors: Meštrić U. , Vanzella E. , Upadhyaya A. , Martins F. , Marques-Chaves R. , Schaerer D. , Guibert J. , Zanella A. , Grillo C. , Rosati P. , Calura F. , Caminha G. B. , Bolamperti A. , Meneghetti M. , Bergamini P. , Mercurio A. , Nonino M. , Pascale R.
Published: March 2023

We report the identification of very massive stars (VMS; mass > 100 M⊙) that may be segregated in the center of the young massive star cluster at z = 2.37 hosted in the lensed galaxy called Sunburst galaxy. This result is based on two pieces of evidence: (1) VLT/MUSE spectra of several multiple images of the same star cluster show key spectral signatures of VMS, such as the He IIλ1640 broad emission, N IVλ1486 emission, and an N IVλ1720 P Cygni profile. In particular, He IIλ1640 is broad (∼1610 ± 300 km s−1), with an equivalent width of 3 Å, and asymmetric profile. These features require an extremely young (∼2.5 Myr) stellar population component in which the masses of the stars exceed 100 M⊙. When a Salpeter initial mass function and BPASS models for normal massive stars are assumed, the observed spectral features require ∼400 VMS. (2) The same star cluster is detected at a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼100 in the Lyman continuum domain (λ < 900 Å). The Lyman continuum emission emerges from a region with a radius that is at least twice smaller than what is observed at 1700 Å (independently of magnification) and is located in the center of the cluster. After delensing, the effective radii in absolute scales are Reff[LyC] ∼ 4.7 ± 1.5 pc and Reff[1700] = 7.8 ± 1.4 pc. The Lyman continuum radiation is mainly produced by hot and massive stars, which implies that their spatial distribution (including that of VMS) is preferentially more confined in the central parts of the cluster. Approximately 400 VMS hosted by a cluster of ∼107 M⊙ produce ∼15% of the escaping Lyman continuum photons, and the remaining photons are produced by other massive early-type stars.
Precision measurements of the 12C(αγ) reaction with gamma beams and TPC detector(s)
Authors: Gai Moshe
Published: March 2023

The cross section of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction, well-recognized as the most important nuclear input of stellar evolution theory, has eluded precise measurements over the last few decades, as evident in the lack of precise confirmation of an elementary prediction of quantum mechanics of the E1-E2 mixing phase angle (ϕ12). More troubling are modern data, measured with 4π array of HPGe detectors, that are in conflict with this prediction. A new method to measure this cross section with TPC detectors and gamma-beams, by measuring the time reverse 16O(γ,α)12C reaction discussed here, shows great promise, for example the measured data do not disagree with the predicted π12 and agree with the predicted trend.
The intermediate neutron-capture process in AGB stars
Authors: Choplin Arthur , Siess Lionel , Goriely Stephane
Published: March 2023

The intermediate neutron-capture process is thought to arise when protons are mixed in a convective helium-burning zone. This can happen during the early Thermally-Pulsing (TP) Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase of low-mass, low-metallicity stars. After discussing the differences between the s- and i-processes in AGB stars, we highlight some critical (n, γ) reactions for i-process nucleosynthesis that may be experimentally constrained by the β-Oslo method. We then compare our s- and i-process nucleosynthesis predictions to the abundances of the Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor star HE2258-6358, which shows a composition pattern midway between the s- and r-process.
Constraining nucleosythesis in neutrino-driven winds using the impact of (α, xn) reaction rates
Authors: Psaltis Athanasios , Arcones Almudena , Avila Melina L. , Jacobi Maximilian , Hansen Camilla Juul , Lombardo Linda , Meisel Zach , Mohr Peter , Montes Fernando , Ong Wei Jia , Schatz Hendrik
Published: March 2023

The lighter heavy elements of the first r-process peak, between strontium and silver, can be synthesized in the moderately neutron-rich neutrino–driven ejecta of either core–collapse supernovae or neutron star mergers via the weak r–process. This nucleosynthesis scenario exhibits uncertainties from the absence of experimental data from (α, xn) reactions on neutron–rich nuclei, which are currently based on statistical model estimates. We have performed a new impact study to identify the most important (α, xn) reactions that can affect the production of the lighter heavy elements under different astrophysical conditions using new, constrained (α, xn) reaction rates based on the Atomki-V2 αOMP. Our results show how when reducing the nuclear physics uncertainties, we can use abundance ratios to constrain the astrophysical conditions/environment. This can be achieved in the near future, when the key (α, xn) reaction rates will be measured experimentally in radioactive beam facilities.
The γ-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse super-novae
Authors: Roberti Lorenzo , Pignatari Marco , Lugaro Maria , Fülöp Zsolt , Gyurky Gyorgy
Published: March 2023

Neutron-capture processes made most of the abundances of heavy elements in the Solar System, however they cannot produce a number of rare proton-rich stable isotopes (p–nuclei) lying on the left side of the valley of stability. The γ–process, i.e., a chain of photodisintegrations starting on heavy nuclei, is recognized and generally accepted as a feasible process for the synthesis of p–nuclei in core collapse supernovae (CCSNe). However this scenario still leaves some puzzling discrepancies between theory and observations. We aim to explore in more detail the γ–process production from massive stars, using different sets of CCSNe models and the latest nuclear reaction rates. Here we show our preliminary analysis, by identifying the γ–process sites and focusing on progenitors of CCSNe that experience a C–O shell merger just before the collapse of the Fe core.
Nucleon-nucleon interaction and the neutrino surface of neutron star mergers
Authors: Anderson Dornan Rajan , Caballero O. L.
Published: March 2023

Neutrinos act as an important cooling mechanism in an array of explosive astrophysical events. Modeling of their fluxes and spectra is key for the interpretation of their detection and the understanding of the synthesis of heavy elements. The neutrino surface is key in the modeling of neutrino spectra. In previous work, the points of last neutrino scattering were found assuming no interaction between nucleons. In this work we incorporate this interaction using a few different models and observe differences in where the neutrinos decouple from the system.
Determination of the 3He(α, γ)7Be and 6Li(p, γ)7Be astrophysical factors down to zero energy using the asymptotic normalization coefficients
Authors: La Cognata M. , Kiss G. G. , Yarmukhamedov R. , Tursunmakhatov K. I. , Wiedenhöver I. , Baby L. T. , Cherubini S. , Cvetinović A. , D’Agata G. , Figuera P. , Guardo G.L. , Gulino M. , Hayakawa S. , Indelicato I. , Lamia L. , Lattuada M. , Mudò F. , Palmerini S. , Pizzone R.G. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Sergi M. L. , Spartà R. , Spitaleri C. , Trippella O. , Tumino A. , Anastasiou M. , Kuvin S. A. , Rijal N. , Schmidt B. , Igamov S. B. , Sakuta S. B. , Fülöp Zs. , Gyürky Gy. , Szücs T. , Halász Z. , Somorjai E. , Hons Z. , Mrázek J. , Tribble R. E. , Mukhamedzhanov A. M.
Published: March 2023

The p - p-chain reaction 3He(α, γ)7Be can sensitively influence the prediction of the 7Be and 8B neutrino fluxes. Despite its importance, the knowledge of its reaction cross section at energies of the core of the Sun (15 keV 30 keV) is limited and the accuracy far from the desired 3% level. In the present paper the indirect measurement of the external capture contribution using the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) technique is reported. The angular distributions of deuterons emitted in the 6Li(3He,d)7Be α-transfer reactions were measured and the ANCs extracted from the scaling of distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) and coupled-channel (CC) calculations. Then, the astrophysical S-factor for the 3He(α, γ)7Be reaction was calculated assuming E1 direct capture and the zero energy value turned out to be 0.534 0.025 keVb. Both our experimental and theoretical approaches were benchmarked through the analysis of the 6Li(p,γ)7Be astrophysical factor, with interesting astrophysical applications to the understanding of the primordial lithium problem. In particular, the present work disfavors the occurrence of a claimed 200 keV resonance in the astrophysical factor.
Towards a direct measurement of the 17O(p, γ)18F 65 keV resonance strength at LUNA
Authors: Piatti D. , Ciani G.F.
Published: March 2023

The 17O(p, γ)18F reaction plays a crucial role in the hydrogen burning phases of different stellar scenarios. At temperature of interest for AGB nucleosynthesis (20 MK < T < 80 MK) the main contribution to the astrophysical reaction rate comes from the poorly constrained 65 keV resonance. The strength of this resonance is presently determined only through indirect measurements, with a reported value of ωγ = (1.6 ± 0.3) 10−11 eV. With typical experimental quantities for beam current, isotopic enrichment and detection efficiency, this strength yields to an expected count rate of less than one count per Coulomb, making the direct measurement of this resonance extremely challenging.

A new high sensitivity setup has been installed at LUNA (Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics) of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The high performance LUNA 400kV accelerator underground location guarantees, indeed, a reduction of cosmic ray background by several orders of magnitude. The residual background was further reduced by a devoted shielding of lead and borated (5%) polyethylene. On the other hand, the 4π BGO detector efficiency was optimized installing aluminum target chamber and holder. With about 400 C accumulated on Ta2O5 targets, with nominal 17O enrichment of 90%, the LUNA collaboration has performed the first direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance strength.
Results of total cross-section measurements of the 87Rb(p,γ)88Sr reaction
Authors: Wilden Svenja , Heim Felix , Müller Martin , Zilges Andreas
Published: March 2023

The existence of a set of stable proton-rich nuclei - the p nuclei - cannot be explained via neutron-capture reactions. Therefore, another mechanism has to exist in order to explain their origin, the most probable, especially at high masses, being photodisintegration reactions. This gives rise to the γ process. Since most photodisintegration reactions involved in the process are not experimentally accessible, reliable statistical model calculations are needed to predict cross sections and reaction rates. To improve these calculations nuclear input parameters need to be constrained and a large experimental database is needed. Via comparison of experimental data to theoretical predictions different models can be tested and constrained. In order to study the 87Rb(p,γ)88Sr reaction, for which previously no experimental data have been available, an in-beam experiment at at the University of Cologne’s high-efficiency HPGe γ-ray spectrometer HORUS was performed. Proton beams with energies between Ep = 2000 to 5000 keV reaching deep into the Gamow window of the reaction were provided by the 10 MV FN Tandem accelerator. Cross-section values at six proton beam energies were determined. The experimental results are in good agreement with statistical model calculations. The obtained results are the first experimental cross-section values for the87Rb(p,γ)88Sr reaction and help to constrain the nuclear physics input for statistical model calculations.
12C+12C reactions for Nuclear Astrophysics
Authors: Morales-Gallegos Lizeth , Aliotta Marialuisa , Best Andreas , Bruno Carlo G. , Buompane Rafaelle , Davinson Thomas , De Cesare Mario , Di Leva Antonino , D’Onofrio Antonio , Duarte Jeremias , Gasques Leandro , Gialanella Lucio , Imbriani Gianluca , Porzio Giuseppe , Rapagnani David , Romoli Mauro , Terrasi Filippo
Published: March 2023

12C fusion reactions are among the most important in stellar evolution since they determine the destiny of massive stars. Over the past fifty years, massive efforts have been done to measure these reactions at low energies. However, existing data present several discrepancies between sets and large uncertainties specially at the lowest energies. Factors such as beam/environmental backgrounds, extremely low cross sections and insufficient knowledge of the reaction mechanism contribute to these problems. Recently, the ERNA collaboration measured the 12C+12C reactions at Ec.m. = 2.51 - 4.36 MeV with energy steps between 10 and 25 keV in the centre of mass. Representing the smallest energy steps to date. In these measurements, beam induced background was minimised and S-factors for the proton and alpha channels were calculated. Results indicate that a possible explanation for the discrepancies between data sets is the wrongly assumed constant branching ratios and isotropical angular distributions. Given the excellent performance of the detectors for low energy measurements, a collaboration with the LUNA group (LNGS) has started. Background measurements underground are being performed and results indicate it could be possible to measure the 12C+12C reactions directly into the Gamow Window.
Neutron-induced cross section measurements
Authors: Massimi C. , Aberle O. , Alcayne V. , Altieri S. , Amaducci S. , Andrzejewski J. , Babiano-Suarez V. , Bacak M. , Balibrea J. , Beltrami C. , Bennett S. , Bernardes A. P. , Berthoumieux E. , Boromiza M. , Bosnar D. , Caamaño M. , Calviño F. , Calviani M. , Cano-Ott D. , Casanovas A. , Castelluccio D. M. , Cerutti F. , Cescutti G. , Chasapoglou S. , Chiaveri E. , Colombetti P. , Colonna N. , Console Camprini P. , Cortés G. , Cortés-Giraldo M. A. , Cosentino L. , Cristallo S. , Dellmann S. , Di Castro M. , Di Maria S. , Diakaki M. , Dietz M. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dressler R. , Dupont E. , Durán I. , Eleme Z. , Fargier S. , Fernández B. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Finocchiaro P. , Fiore S. , Furman V. , GarcíaInfantes F. , Gawlik-Ramięga A. , Gervino G. , Gilardoni S. , González-Romero E. , Guerrero C. , Gunsing F. , Gustavino C. , Heyse J. , Hillman W. , Jenkins D. G. , Jericha E. , Junghans A. , Kadi Y. , Kaperoni K. , Kaur G. , Kimura A. , Knapová I. , Kokkoris M. , Kopatch Y. , Krtička M. , Kyritsis N. , Ladarescu I. , Lederer-Woods C. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Lerner G. , Manna A. , Martínez T. , Masi A. , Mastinu P. , Mastromarco M. , Maugeri E. A. , Mazzone A. , Mendoza E. , Mengoni A. , Michalopoulou V. , Milazzo P. M. , Mucciola R. , Murtas F. , Musacchio-Gonzalez E. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Pérez de Rada A. , Pérez-Maroto P. , Patronis N. , Pavón-Rodríguez J. A. , Pellegriti M. G. , Perkowski J. , Petrone C. , Pirovano E. , Plaza J. , Pomp S. , Porras I. , Praena J. , Quesada J. M. , Reifarth R. , Rochman D. , Romanets Y. , Rubbia C. , Sánchez A. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Schillebeeckx P. , Schumann D. , Sekhar A. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. V. , Stamati M. E. , Sturniolo A. , Tagliente G. , Tarrío D. , Torres-Sánchez P. , Urlass S. , Vagena E. , Valenta S. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Vecchio G. , Vescovi D. , Vlachoudis V. , Vlastou R. , Wallner A. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. , Zarrella R. , Žugec P.
Published: March 2023

Neutron-induced cross sections represent the main nuclear input to models of stellar and Big-Bang nucleosynthesis. While (n,γ) reactions are relevant for the formation of elements heavier than iron, (n,p) and (n,α) reactions can play an important role in specific cases. The time-of-flight method is routinely used at n_TOF to experimentally determine the cross section data. In addition, recent upgrades of the facility will allow the use of activation techniques as well, possibly opening the way to a systematic study of neutron interaction with radioactive isotopes. In the last 20 years n_TOF has provided a large amount of experimental data for Nuclear Astrophysics. Our plan is to carry on challenging measurements and produce nuclear data in the next decades as well.
Fusion of 12C + 24Mg at far sub-barrier energies
Authors: Stefanini Alberto M. , Montagnoli Giovanna , Del Fabbro Mirco , Colucci Giulia , Depalo Rosanna , Goasduff Alain , Zanon Irene
Published: March 2023

Recent experiments on 12C + 24Mg and preliminary data on 12C + 26Mg show that we observe the hindrance phenomenon in these two systems that are close to the lighter ones relevant for astrophysics. The cross section at the hindrance threshold has a remarkably high value for 12C + 24Mg, while it is closer to an empirical systematics for 12C + 26Mg. The lowest-energy fusion cross sections of 12C + 24Mg are consistent with simple one-dimensional barrier penetration calculations, i.e. the coupling strengths seem to be strongly damped far below the barrier. Measurements at slightly lower energies would be essential to discriminate between different models and to allow reliably extrapolating to the lighter systems producing energy and elemental synthesis in stellar environments.
Nickel(II) Thiocyanate Complex as a Catalyst for Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Mori Atsunori , Yamaoka Seiha , Fukuoka Hiroyuki , Noda Naoki , Okano Kentaro , Horie Masaki
Published: March 2023

A nickel thiocyanate complex was prepared by the reaction of Ni(NCS)2 with (2S,3S)-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (Chiraphos) by following a method reported in the literature. The resulting nickel complex was found to be active in the polymerization reactions of 1,4-dihalobenzenes and 2-halo-3-hexylthiophenes, leading to poly-1,4-phenylenes and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), respectively. The polymerization in the presence of similar catalysts containing other ligands, such as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, or N-heterocyclic carbenes, also proceeded in a similar manner. Ni(NCS)2 complexes also successfully catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura couplings and Buchwald–Hartwig aminations to afford the corresponding biaryls and arylamines, respectively.