bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of self-gravitating quasi-stationary states
Authors: Sylos Labini Francesco , Capuzzo-Dolcetta Roberto
Published: October 2020

Initially far out-of-equilibrium, self-gravitating systems form quasi-stationary states (QSS) through a collisionless relaxation dynamics. These may arise from a bottom-up aggregation of structures or in a top-down frame; their quasi-equilibrium properties are well described by the Jeans equation and are not universal. These QSS depend on initial conditions. To understand the origin of such dependence, we present the results of numerical experiments of initially cold and spherical systems characterized by various choices of the spectrum of initial density fluctuations. The amplitude of such fluctuations determines whether the system relaxes in a top-down or bottom-up manner. We find that statistical properties of the resulting QSS mainly depend upon the amount of energy exchanged during the formation process. In particular, in the violent top-down collapses the energy exchange is large and the QSS show an inner core with an almost flat density profile and a quasi Maxwell-Boltzmann (isotropic) velocity distribution, while their outer regions display a density profile ρ(r) ∝ r−α (α >  0) with radially elongated orbits. We show analytically that α = 4, in agreement with numerical experiments. In the less violent bottom-up dynamics, the energy exchange is much smaller, the orbits are less elongated, and 0 < α(r) ≤ 4, where the density profile is well fitted by the Navarro-Frenk-White behavior. Such a dynamical evolution is shown by both nonuniform spherical isolated systems and by halos extracted from cosmological simulations. We consider the relation of these results with the core-cusp problem and conclude that this can be solved naturally if galaxies form through a monolithic collapse.
Micropropagation of rootstocks of stone fruit cultures in vitro
Authors: Vinter Marina , Fedorovitch Svyatoslav , Karpushina Marina , Gridnev Sergey
Published: October 2020

The usage of the method of clonal micropropagation of plants is currently the most promising for obtaining virus-free plant material, including clonal rootstocks of stone fruit cultures. The introduction of clonal rootstocks of stone fruit cultures PK SK1, PK SK 2, AI 1 into invitro culture is best doneduring the active shoot growth period in the second decadeof May. During this period, the highest level of explants regeneration was noted: in the rootstock PK SK 1 – 94,6 %, in the rootstock AI 1 78.2%, in PK SK 2 80.4%, in Gisela 5 (control) 85,7%. From the third decade of May, the survival rate of explants begins to decline. At the stage of multiplication on the Murashige-Skoog medium, with the addition of 6-BAP 1 mg/L, the average multiplication factor of clonal rootstocks to the fourth passage was 1: 12 for PK SK1, for Gisela 5 and for AI 11: 8.
Special aspects of the development of harmful objects on the grape mother plants of the original category in the conditions of the Rostov region
Authors: Arestova Natalia , Ryabchun Irina
Published: October 2020

The results of monitoring the distribution of phytopathogens and pests under conditions of maintaining mother plantations, improved and propagated in tissue culture, category original in the conditions of the Nizhne-Kundryuchensky sand massif in Rostov region, are presented. In the basic vineyard, conditions are met that exclude the possibility of secondary infection of healthy plants and make it possible to obtain planting material of the elite category. Vineyards have not been cultivated on these areas for at least 10 years, which reduces the risk of the presence of outbreaks of harmful organisms specific to grapes. Before establishing of the basic vineyard, the soil samples were diagnosed for the presence of harmful organisms in it. The results of the survey showed the absence of such pests in the soil as the larvae of scoops, beetles, click beetles, as well as bacterial diseases and nematodes. According to the results of monitoring observations, it was revealed that the mother plants of the basic plants of the ARRIV&W Branch of FSBSI FRANC are mainly spread by the following fungal diseases: powdery mildew, black spot, downy mildew, the intensity of which, due to regular protective treatments, did not exceed 2.5 points. The harmfulness of the main insects (leafhoppers, ticks, thrips) on the basic vineyard, is economically insignificant. Studies confirm the absence of migration of the leaf form of phylloxera. Pesticides were used during protective measures, guided by the principle of rotation of active substances and with the use of an active substance of one name no more than twice a season.
Study of flow regimes and gas holdup in a different potentials medium in an aerated column
Authors: Prokhorov Konstantin , Burdonov Alexander , Henning Peter
Published: September 2020

A generation of hydrogen and oxygen bubbles by of aqueous solutions of electrolytes was carried out. Two electrolysis modifications was study: electrolysis without a membrane to production of oxygen and hydrogen and membrane electrolysis with separation of catholyte and anolyte. The influence of the model conditions of the experiment such as electrolyte pH, concentration, and current density and the distribution of bubble sizes and gas holdup in the column are discussed. An inverse dependence of the hydrogen bubbles diameter in the catholyte medium on the current density and a direct dependence on the concentration of electrolytes are experimentally investigated. The oxygen bubbles tend to become larger with increasing current density and electrolyte concentration in anolyte medium. In electrolysis without a membrane, bubbles become smaller with increasing current density and decreasing the electrolyte concentration.
Measurement of the 16O(n, α)13C cross-section using a Double Frisch Grid Ionization Chamber
Authors: Urlass Sebastian , Beyer Roland , Hammer Sebastian , Hartmann Andreas , Junghans Arnd R. , Kögler Toni , Lutz Benjamin , Mingrone Federica , Müller Stefan , Römer Katja , Scheibler Daniela , Stach Daniel , Szücs Tamás , Tassan Laurent-Got , Turkat Steffen , Wagner Andreas , Weinberger David ,   the n_TOF Collaboration
Published: September 2020

The 16O(n, α)13C reaction was proposed to be measured at the neutron time-of-flight (n_TOF) facility of CERN. To this purpose, a Double Frisch Grid Ionization Chamber (DFGIC) containing the oxygen atoms as a component in the counting gas coupled with a switch device in order to prevent the charge collection from the so-called γ-flash has been developed at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), in Germany. The first 16O(n, α)13C measurement without seeing the charge of the γ-flash at n_TOF has been performed in November 2018. After the electronics did not suffer from the y-flash any more, another huge charge collection was discovered. Due to the high instantaneous flux at the n_TOF facility [1] the amount of that induced charge from neutron induced background reactions was piling up so much that the recognition of 16O(n, α)13C reactions from that background was very difficult. For that reason another 16O(n, α)13C measurement at the time-of-flight facility nELBE at HZDR which has a low instantaneous flux [2], has been performed in April 2019. Both measurements from n_TOF and nELBE will be presented here.
Radioisotope production at the IFMIF-DONES facility
Authors: Praena Javier , Garcia-Infantes Francisco , Rivera Rafael , Fernandez-Maza Laura , Arias de Saavedra Fernando , Porras Ignacio
Published: September 2020

The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility - Demo Oriented NEutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) is a single-sited novel Research Infrastructure for testing, validation and qualification of the materials to be used in a fusion reactor. Recently, IFMIF-DONES has been declared of interest by ESFRI (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures) and its European host city would be Granada (Spain). In spite the first and most important application of IFMIF-DONES related to fusion technology, the unprecedented neutron flux available could be exploited without modifying the routine operation of IFMIF-DONES. Thus, it is already planned an experimental hall for a complementary program with neutrons. Also, a complementary program on the use of the deuteron beam could help IFMIF-DONES to be more sustainable. In the present work, we study radioisotope production with deuterons of 177Lu. The results show the viability of IFMIF-DONES for such production in terms of the needs of a territory of small-medium size. Also the study suggests that new nuclear data at higher deuteron energies are mandatory for an accurate study in this field.
Vacuum science and technology at CERN
Authors: Jiménez José Miguel , Chiggiato Paolo
Published: September 2020

Vacuum is essential in particle accelerators. Low gas density allows charged particles beams to circulate without excessive losses. Indeed, beam losses are detrimental for instrumentation; they increase induced radioactivity, background noise in particle detectors, and beam-induced heat loads to cryogenic equipment.
The influence of the addition of ground olive stone on the thermo-mechanical behavior of compressed earth blocks
Authors: Djadouf Samia , Chelouah Nasser , Tahakourt Abdelkader
Published: October 2020

Sustainable development and environmental challenges incite to valorize local materials such as agricultural waste. In this context, a new ecological compressed earth blocks (CEBS) with addition of ground olive stone (GOS) was proposed. The GOS is added as partial clay replacement in different proportions. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of GOS levels on the thermal properties and mechanical behavior of CEB. We proceeded to determining the optimal water content and equivalent wet density by compaction using a hydraulic press, at a pressure of 10 MPa. The maximum compressive strength is reached at 15% of the GOS. This percentage increases the mechanical properties by 19.66%, and decreases the thermal conductivity by 37.63%. These results are due to the optimal water responsible for the consolidation and compactness of the clay matrix. The substitution up to 30% of GOS shows a decrease of compressive strength and thermal conductivity by about 38.38% and 50.64% respectively. The decrease in dry density and thermal conductivity is related to the content of GOS, which is composed of organic and porous fibers. The GOS seems promising for improving the thermo-mechanical characteristics of CEB and which can also be used as reinforcement in CEBS.
EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset 2.0
Authors: Poedts Stefaan , Lani Andrea , Scolini Camilla , Verbeke Christine , Wijsen Nicolas , Lapenta Giovanni , Laperre Brecht , Millas Dimitrios , Innocenti Maria Elena , Chané Emmanuel , Baratashvili Tinatin , Samara Evangelia , Van der Linden Ronald , Rodriguez Luciano , Vanlommel Petra , Vainio Rami , Afanasiev Alexandr , Kilpua Emilia , Pomoell Jens , Sarkar Ranadeep , Aran Angels , Sanahuja Blai , Paredes Josep M. , Clarke Ellen , Thomson Alan , Rouilard Alexis , Pinto Rui F. , Marchaudon Aurélie , Blelly Pierre-Louis , Gorce Blandine , Plotnikov Illya , Kouloumvakos Athanasis , Heber Bernd , Herbst Konstantin , Kochanov Andrey , Raeder Joachim , Depauw Jan
Published: September 2020

Aims: This paper presents a H2020 project aimed at developing an advanced space weather forecasting tool, combining the MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) solar wind and coronal mass ejection (CME) evolution modelling with solar energetic particle (SEP) transport and acceleration model(s). The EUHFORIA 2.0 project will address the geoeffectiveness of impacts and mitigation to avoid (part of the) damage, including that of extreme events, related to solar eruptions, solar wind streams, and SEPs, with particular emphasis on its application to forecast geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and radiation on geospace.Methods: We will apply innovative methods and state-of-the-art numerical techniques to extend the recent heliospheric solar wind and CME propagation model EUHFORIA with two integrated key facilities that are crucial for improving its predictive power and reliability, namely (1) data-driven flux-rope CME models, and (2) physics-based, self-consistent SEP models for the acceleration and transport of particles along and across the magnetic field lines. This involves the novel coupling of advanced space weather models. In addition, after validating the upgraded EUHFORIA/SEP model, it will be coupled to existing models for GICs and atmospheric radiation transport models. This will result in a reliable prediction tool for radiation hazards from SEP events, affecting astronauts, passengers and crew in high-flying aircraft, and the impact of space weather events on power grid infrastructure, telecommunication, and navigation satellites. Finally, this innovative tool will be integrated into both the Virtual Space Weather Modeling Centre (VSWMC, ESA) and the space weather forecasting procedures at the ESA SSCC in Ukkel (Belgium), so that it will be available to the space weather community and effectively used for improved predictions and forecasts of the evolution of CME magnetic structures and their impact on Earth.Results: The results of the first six months of the EU H2020 project are presented here. These concern alternative coronal models, the application of adaptive mesh refinement techniques in the heliospheric part of EUHFORIA, alternative flux-rope CME models, evaluation of data-assimilation based on Karman filtering for the solar wind modelling, and a feasibility study of the integration of SEP models.
Die Arthrodese des oberen Sprunggelenks und Rückfußes
Authors: Ochman Sabine , Milstrey Alexander , Evers Julia , Raschke Michael J.
Published: October 2020

Arthrodesen des oberen Sprunggelenks und Rückfußes sind etablierte und weit verbreitete Verfahren zur Behandlung fortgeschrittener Arthrosen des Sprunggelenks und Rückfußes, die überwiegend posttraumatisch bedingt sind. Auch Fehlstellungen können für die Arthrose ursächlich sein. Arthrodesen haben nach wie vor ihre Berechtigung. Der Artikel bietet ein Update zum Thema.
Biological Impact of Unilateral Oophorectomy: Does the Number of Ovaries Really Matter?
Authors: Gasparri Maria Luisa , Ruscito Ilary , Braicu Elena Ioana , Sehouli Jalid , Tramontano Luca , Costanzi Flavia , De Marco Maria Paola , Mueller Michael D. , Papadia Andrea , Caserta Donatella , Bellati Filippo
Published: October 2020

Although unilateral oophorectomies are performed more often than bilateral ones in women of reproductive age, their clinical consequences have been less intensively investigated. Experimental models in animals have shown that compensatory mechanisms occur after a unilateral oophorectomy (UO). This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the biological effects of unilateral oophorectomy on women. Evaluated outcomes include age at onset of menopause, risk of cardiovascular and neurological disease, risk of mortality and fertility outcome after spontaneous conception or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results were compared with findings reported after bilateral oophorectomy and/or ovarian excision and/or women with intact ovaries. An electronic database search was performed using PubMed and Scopus, followed by a manual search to identify controlled studies that compared women after UO with women with two intact ovaries. In particular, a systematic review of fertility outcomes after IVF was performed, and the data were summarized in a table. Women who underwent UO had a similar age at menopause and similar clinical pregnancy rate compared to women with two ovaries. However, decreased ovarian reserve affecting the quantity but not the quality of the ovarian pool after IVF was observed in the UO group. Furthermore, an increased risk of neurological disease and even an increased risk of mortality was observed in women with single ovary. These data need to be confirmed by further studies, and a plausible mechanism of action must be identified. At present, patients who undergo UO can be reassured with regard to their reproductive potential and their age at onset of menopause.
Vertiginous Episodes in Menière Disease following Transmyringeal Ventilation Tube Insertion: A Systematic Review on the Current State of Evidence
Authors: Grønlund Casper , Devantier Louise , Callesen Henriette Edemann , Hougaard Dan Dupont , Händel Mina Nicole , Schmidt Jesper Hvass , Guldfred Frank Liviu-Adelin , Djurhuus Bjarki Ditlev
Published: September 2020

Introduction Menière disease (MD) is a disorder characterized by episodes of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and aural fullness.

Objectives To assess the effect of ventilation tube insertion (VTI) on vertiginous episodes in patients (≥ 18 years old) with MD.

Data Synthesis A systematic literature search on randomized clinical trials (RCTs), nonrandomized trials and other systematic reviews was performed. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the overall certainty of evidence.

Two RCTs and four nonrandomized studies were identified. Data extraction was only possible for one RCT. Results showed that the number of patients with no vertigo attacks significantly increased following active treatment (relative risk 1.52; [95% confidence interval: 1.19–1.94]). The quality of evidence was rated as low. None of the nonrandomized trials included a proper control group, which hindered data extraction and quality assessment.

Conclusion There are currently no RCTs that specifically assess the efficacy of VTI in patients with MD. Current limited data suggest a considerable positive effect on the number of vertiginous episodes in patients with MD. However, due to poor evidence, a fluctuating course and a substantial placebo-effect associated with MD-treatment, no solid conclusion(s) regarding the efficacy of VTI can be made. There is a need for high-quality RCTs.
Tratamento cirúrgico da fratura multifragmentada da diáfise da clavícula pela técnica minimamente invasiva: Descrição e resultados preliminares
Authors: Mendes Junior Adriano Fernando , Mota Neto Jose da , Oppe Igor Gerdi , de Simoni Leandro Furtado , Giordano Vincenzo , Labronici Pedro José
Published: September 2020

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados funcionais e radiográficos do tratamento cirúrgico realizado em um grupo de pacientes com fratura multifragmentada da diáfise de clavícula, pela técnica minimamente invasiva, em seguimento mínimo de 12 meses.

Métodos Estudo observacional longitudinal de 32 pacientes consecutivos (31 do sexo masculino, idade média 41 anos) com fratura multifragmentada da diáfise da clavícula tratados cirurgicamente pela técnica minimamente invasiva de osteossíntese com placa de reconstrução de 3,5 mm na posição superior, avaliados clínica e radiologicamente, com seguimento mínimo de 1 ano

Resultados Trinta pacientes (93,72%) evoluíram com consolidação da fratura em tempo médio de 17 semanas (entre 12 e 24 semanas). O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 21 meses (variando de 12 a 45 meses). Não houve quebra de implantes ou pseudoartroses. Não houve queixa de parestesia na região das incisões cirúrgicas. O ombro tratado cirurgicamente apresentou menor elevação passiva e maior comprimento da clavícula (p < 0,05) em relação ao contralateral. Na avaliação funcional, encontramos um valor médio de Disfunções do Braço, Ombro e Mão (DASH, na sigla em inglês) = 1,75, sendo o mesmo considerado satisfatório. Idade > 60 anos apresentou correlação negativa com escore DASH (p < 0,05).

Conclusão A técnica minimamente invasiva de osteossíntese mostrou-se satisfatória para o tratamento da fratura multifragmentada da diáfise da clavícula, com elevada taxa de consolidação e baixo índice de complicações.
Curcumin Promotes Collagen Type I, Keratinocyte Growth Factor-1, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expressions in the In Vitro Wound Healing Model of Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Rujirachotiwat Auspreeya , Suttamanatwong Supaporn
Published: October 2020

Objective Curcumin promotes oral wound healing; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that curcumin may regulate gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). This study investigated the effect of curcumin on the expression of wound healing–related genes, collagen type I (COL1), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)-1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in the in vitro wound healing model of hGFs, as well as the signaling pathway involved in the regulation of these genes by curcumin.

Materials and Methods The hGFs were treated with curcumin in the unwounded condition and in the in vitro wound healing model (scratch assay). Gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. PD98059 was used to elucidate whether extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is involved in the curcumin-regulated gene expression in hGFs. Cell migration was also analyzed by the scratch assay.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by independent t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference ( HSD) test.

Results In unwounded hGFs, curcumin significantly increased KGF-1 and EGFR expressions but not COL1 mRNA expression. Interestingly, curcumin significantly upregulated COL1, KGF-1, and EGFR expressions in the in vitro wound healing model. Furthermore, PD98059 significantly decreased the curcumin-induced COL1 and EGFR expressions, but did not significantly affect KGF-1 upregulation by curcumin. However, hGF migration was not affected by curcumin treatment.

Conclusion Curcumin induced KGF-1 and EGFR expressions in unwounded hGFs. In the in vitro wound healing model, curcumin upregulated COL1 and EGFR expression via the ERK pathway and increased KGF-1 expression, possibly by an ERK-independent mechanism.
Pediatric Stainless-Steel Crown Cementation Finite Element Study
Authors: Waly Ahmed S. , Souror Yasser R. , Yousief Salah A. , Alqahtani Waleed M.S. , El-Anwar Mohamed I.
Published: October 2020

Objective To study the effect of using different cement types under pediatric stainless-steel crown (SSC) around mandibular second primary molar using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis.

Materials and Methods A 3D finite element model was built for pediatric mandibular molar by laser scanning of natural extracted tooth. Four types of cement (zinc phosphate, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, and resin) of 200 μm layers thickness were tested under a stainless-steel crown of 130-μm thickness. Twelve case studies were reported within this research, as the applied load of 330 N was tested with three angulations: vertical, oblique at 45°, and laterally.

Results Linear static stress analysis was performed. The resultant stresses and deformations' distribution patterns did not change with cement type, while the values were altered. All deformations and stresses were found within the normal range.

Conclusions Analysis results indicated that using stiffer cement material increases tooth structure stresses and reduces crown body stresses and deformations, while bone was nearly insensitive to cement type.
Atypical Virchow-Robin Spaces Mimicking Cystic Primary Brain Tumor – Clinical Report and Literature Review
Authors: Picarelli Helder , Nepomuceno Thales Bhering , Casal Yuri , Yamaki Vitor Nagai , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha
Published: September 2020

The Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs), which are often incidentally observed in modern structural neuroimaging examinations, are small cystic cavities that usually surround the small arteries and arterioles at the level of basal ganglia, the anterior perforated substance and the thalamic-mesencephalic junction. Typically, they have similar physicochemical characteristics to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and there is no contrast enhancement on brain CT and MRI images. Its real meaning is unknown, although some contemporary studies have suggested that it might be related to certain traumatic brain injury or several other central nervous system (CNS) disorders, as degenerative diseases. Occasionally, some wide and atypical VRS may be mistaken for primary cystic brain tumors, especially in the context of large and symptomatic lesions, multiple clustered cysts, cortical lesions and if there is adjacent reactive gliosis. The present paper reports four patients who were affected by atypical VRS mimicking brain tumors that required imaging follow-up or even a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis or to indicate the correct approach. Although it is not so unusual, one of them occurred concomitantly and adjacent to a diffuse glioma (co-deleted 1p19q, WHO-GII).
Receptive and Expressive Language in Hindi Speaking Children with Postcochlear Implantation at 6-Month Intervals
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Mehta Rachna
Published: September 2020

Introduction Individual variability in the language outcomes of children with cochlear implantation (CI) is a major concern. In CI rehabilitation, there is lack of a protocol regarding uniform post-CI language assessment interval duration, which can ensure better understanding of the trajectory of language growth as well as optimize language outcomes by providing feedback in fine tuning the language intervention program.

Objective To evaluate the receptive and expressive language in Hindi speaking children with up to 2 years of CI experience using revised receptive-expressive emergent language test-3ed. (REELT-3) at 6 months intervals and to compare it with that of children with normal hearing (NH).

Methods The present study included 192 children divided in 2 groups, 96 children with CI (15.8 ± 6.7 months), and 96 age-matched children with NH (22.3 ± 7.9 months). A cross-sectional, prospective study design was used to measure the language ability score (LAS) at an interval of 6 months from the time of implantation (TIA), which is 0 to 6 months, 7 to 12 months, 13 to 18 months, and 19 to 24 months of CI usage.

Results The two-way analysis of variance revealed that the LAS after 18 months of CI usage was similar to (F (3, 92) = 8.63, p = 0.19, ηp2 = 0.028) that of the children with NH. However, other demographic factors, for instance, gender (F (3, 92) = 1.73, p = 0.505, ηp2 = 0.002), parent's education, (F (3, 92) = 2.05, p = 0.937, ηp2 = 0.031), and financial background (F (3, 92) = 2.49, p = 0.351, ηp2 = 0.076) had no major impact on language.

Conclusion Eighteen months of CI usage duration can potentially stimulate receptive and expressive language up to age-matched children with NH. A protocol of periodic assessment of language, at least of 6 months, may be developed to optimize language outcomes.
Effect of Galla Chinensis on Remineralization of Early Dentin Lesion
Authors: Abdel-Azem Hend Mahmoud , Elezz Ahmed Fawzy Abo , Safy Rehab Khalil
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the Galla chinensis extract (GCE) on early dentin lesion remineralization.

Materials and Methods Seventy-two dentin specimens were divided into three groups according to the treatment solution. In group S1, specimens were treated with GCE; in group S2, the specimens were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF); meanwhile, specimens of group S3 were treated with distilled water (DW). Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the treatment time (1 minute and 5 minutes). An in vitro pH-cycling model for 12 days was done. Subsequently, surface microhardness (SMH) of the specimens, elemental analysis, and their micromorphological appearance were evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare numerical (parametric) data between more than two separate groups followed by post hoc Tukey.

Results There was no significant difference between the mean SMH of dentin between NaF and GCE groups. Regarding the time, the 5-minute treatment with NaF and DW groups recorded higher mean SMH value of dentin than the 1-minute treatment group. Meanwhile, for GCE groups, the 1-minute immersion recorded higher mean SMH value than the 5-minute immersion without any significant difference between them. The microhardness results were confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis results.

Conclusion GCE could be used as an effective alternative for dentin remineralization.
Mid- to Long-Term Outcome after Arthroscopy and Proximal Abducting Ulnar Osteotomy Versus Arthroscopy Alone in Dogs with Medial Compartment Disease: Thirty Cases
Authors: Coghill Fiona J. , Ho-Eckart Louisa K. , Baltzer Wendy I.
Published: October 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to determine owner-assessed mid- to long-term outcome for dogs with medial compartment disease treated arthroscopically with fragment removal with or without proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy (PAUL).

Study Design This was a retrospective clinical study.

Materials and Methods Records from 30 dogs with medial compartment disease treated with arthroscopy with or without PAUL were retrospectively reviewed over a 5-year period. Proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy cases were matched to arthroscopy-alone controls based on bodyweight and modified Outerbridge score. Outcome was assessed via owner questionnaire using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), frequency of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration and owner-assessed overall improvement.

Results Canine Brief Pain Inventory score for dogs in the PAUL group was not significantly different from the control group (p = 0.54). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration was similar between groups (p = 0.61) and there was no significant difference between modified Outerbridge score and outcome (p = 0.57) over a median of 43 months post-surgically (range: 7–66 months). Canine Brief Pain Inventory and NSAID use were affected by the age of the dog with dogs greater than 3 years of age at the time of surgery having a higher CBPI score and increased NSAID use regardless of the surgery that was performed. Overall, owner-assessed improvement was not different between groups (p = 0.72).

Clinical Significance Proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy showed no owner-assessed benefit over arthroscopic medial coronoid fragment removal for dogs with medial compartment disease and modified Outerbridge score of 3 or greater. A prospective, blinded, controlled clinical trial is warranted to determine the appropriate clinical application of the PAUL procedure.
Clinical Features to Predict 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Proven by Molecular Genetic Testing
Authors: Rojnueangit Kitiwan , Khetkham Thanitchet , Onsod Preyaporn , Chareonsirisuthigul Takol
Published: October 2020

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome with a wide variety of clinical features. However, as there are no clinical criteria for diagnosis, confirmation is solely done by genetic tests if clinicians recognize the syndrome. Therefore, we aimed to identify clinical features that may help clinicians recognize 22q11.2 DS. Participants with at least two anomalies were enrolled, complete patient history and physical examinations were performed, then multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis for 22q11.2 DS was utilized. We identified 11/48 (23%) cases with 22q11.2 DS. Palatal anomalies, hypocalcemia, and ≥3 affected body systems were highly significant presentations in the 22q11.2 DS group versus the group without deletion (p < 0.05). Therefore, a comprehensive physical examination is crucial at identifying any subtle features which may lead to testing and a definite diagnosis.
New energy-based decoherence correction approaches for trajectory surface
hopping
Authors: Xiao Bing-yang , Xu Jia-bo , Wang Lin-jun
Published: October 2020

Inspired by the branching corrected surface hopping (BCSH) method [J. Xu and L. Wang, J. Chem. Phys. 150, 164101 (2019)], we present two new decoherence time formulas for trajectory surface hopping. Both the proposed linear and exponential formulas characterize the decoherence time as functions of the energy difference between adiabatic states and correctly capture the decoherence effect due to wave packet reflection as predicted by BCSH. The relevant parameters are trained in a series of 200 diverse models with different initial nuclear momenta, and the exact quantum solutions are utilized as references. As demonstrated in the three standard Tully models, the two new approaches exhibit significantly higher reliability than the widely used counterpart algorithm while holding the appealing efficiency, thus promising for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of general systems.
Quantum dot single-photon emission coupled into single-mode fibers with 3D printed micro-objectives
Authors: Bremer Lucas , Weber Ksenia , Fischbach Sarah , Thiele Simon , Schmidt Marco , Kaganskiy Arsenty , Rodt Sven , Herkommer Alois , Sartison Marc , Portalupi Simone Luca , Michler Peter , Giessen Harald , Reitzenstein Stephan
Published: October 2020

User-friendly single-photon sources with high photon-extraction efficiency are crucial building blocks for photonic quantum applications. For many of these applications, such as long-distance quantum key distribution, the use of single-mode optical fibers is mandatory, which leads to stringent requirements regarding the device design and fabrication. We report on the on-chip integration of a quantum dot (QD) microlens with a 3D-printed micro-objective in combination with a single-mode on-chip fiber coupler. The practical quantum device is realized by the deterministic fabrication of the QD-microlens via in situ electron-beam lithography and the 3D two-photon laser writing of the on-chip micro-objective and fiber chuck. A QD with a microlens is an efficient single-photon source, whose emission is collimated by the on-chip micro-objective. A second polymer microlens is located at the end facet of the single-mode fiber and ensures that the collimated light is efficiently coupled into the fiber core. For this purpose, the fiber is placed in an on-chip fiber chuck, which is precisely aligned to the QD-microlens thanks to the sub-micrometer processing accuracy of high-resolution two-photon direct laser writing. The resulting quantum device has a broadband photon extraction efficiency, a single-mode fiber-coupling efficiency of 22%, a measured single-photon flux of 42 kHz (8.9 kHz) under cw (pulsed) optical excitation, which corresponds to 1.5 MHz (0.3 MHz) at the single-mode fiber output, and a multi-photon probability in terms of g(2)(0) = 0.00±0.000.04 (0.13 ± 0.05) under cw (pulsed) optical excitation. The stable design of the developed fiber-coupled quantum device makes it highly attractive for integration into user-friendly plug-and-play quantum applications.
Preliminary investigations on dynamic fracture of ductile metals by using electromagnetically driven expanding ring
Authors: Dan Jiakun , Guo Zhaoliang , Chen Yan , Li Yinglei , Zhang Zhentao , Wei Bing , Liu Mingtao , Chen Yongtao , Tang Tiegang
Published: October 2020

Experiments referring to dynamic fracture of ductile metals, which is strongly dependent on the loading path, have been performed on the platform of an electromagnetically driven expanding ring. The time of the onset of fracture and the time at which the first complete fracture surface is formed were accurately measured by incorporating a B dot probe. The resistive voltage and current of the ring were measured in the experiment as a function of time, and the ratio between them subsequently yields time dependence of the ring resistance, which manifests itself as a quantity extraordinarily sensitive to localized nucleation and growth of fracture and can be used to verify the related theoretical model of dynamic fracture. The temperature of the specimen was determined by Joule heating and plastic work under an assumption of adiabatic process. Hence, the time of initiation of fracture and the loading path including stress, strain, strain rate, and temperature were determined at the same time. The correlation between the initiation of fracture and the loading path can be used to establish a fracture model. A binary model of fracture was proposed to depict the thermodynamic character of fracture, and a phenomenological fracture criterion was established based on experimental observations. The binary model implies that the fraction of fractured atoms obeys a Fermi–Dirac-like distribution. The key point of the proposed fracture criterion lies in that fracture grows when the departure velocity of neighboring instable points due to expansion of the ring is larger than the velocity of energy transport.
Measurement of micro-region elastic anisotropy in textured metal by laser-ultrasonics
Authors: Ma Rongrong , Li Zhixin , Gu Weibo , Wei Luning , Wang Yingbo , Wang Ying , Zuo Jinrong , Yin Anmin
Published: October 2020

Measurement of elastic anisotropy in textured polycrystalline metals is very difficult, especially the nondestructive testing of the elastic anisotropy of micro-regions. In this paper, the angular dependence of surface acoustic wave velocity affected by texture in micro-regions is measured by the laser ultrasonic method, and a method for calculating elastic anisotropy based on angular dependence of surface acoustic wave velocity is discussed. The results show that the elastic anisotropy calculated by the angular dependence of the surface acoustic wave velocity fits well with the measured elastic anisotropy, and the elastic anisotropy in micro-scale regions can be characterized well by the laser ultrasonic method. In addition, a calculation model of the elastic modulus at different temperatures based on the elastic modulus at 25 °C is given, and the elastic modulus at different temperatures is also calculated, which fits well with the experiment results. This model can be used for nondestructive testing of the elastic modulus in micro-regions.
Cu and Sb in tetragonal ZrO2 on fuel cladding
Authors: Than Y. R. , Wenman M. R. , Grimes R. W.
Published: October 2020

Atomic scale simulations were used to predict defect formation in tetragonal ZrO2 doped with Cu and Sb. Both dopants form strong associations with oxygen vacancies impeding oxygen progression through the oxide. Sb suppresses the free oxygen vacancy population though Cu increases the concentration. Thus, while the addition of Sb is predicted to be beneficial against corrosion, Cu will show a more complex behavior. Previous simulations showed that Ni0 promotes molecular hydrogen dissociation. Neither Cu nor Sb exhibit this behavior despite Cu+ having the same electronic configuration as Ni0. Both Cu and Sb show a favorable response to applied local space charges.
Author and register as sources of variation
Authors: Cvrček Václav , Laubeová Zuzana , Lukeš David , Poukarová Petra , Řehořková Anna , Zasina Adrian Jan
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the contribution of author/idiolect vs. register/type-of-text – as the most salient factors influencing the final shape of a text – towards explaining the variation observed in Czech texts. Since it is almost impossible to explore the effect of these factors on authentic data, we used elicited letters collected in a fully crossed experimental design (representative sample of 200 authors × four elicitation scenarios serving as a proxy to register variation). The variation encompassed by the elicited texts is analyzed through the lens of a general-purpose multi-dimensional model of Czech. Using triangulation via three established statistical methods and one devised for the purpose of this study, we find that register matters a great deal, explaining 1.5 times as much variation overall as idiolect. This should be taken into account when designing research in sociolinguistics or variation studies in general.
Lima or cima?
Authors: Posch Claudia , Rampl Gerhard
Published: September 2020

This paper outlines the construction of the corpus Alpenwort, a large, genre-based corpus of German texts on alpinism. We
report on issues related to building the corpus from the Austrian Alpine Club Journal (1869–2010). First, a general
description of our data and the project phases from digitization and annotation to publication is given. We focus on the most interesting
challenges that the diverse layouts and the extensive use of Fraktur typefacing posed for optical layout recognition and optical character
recognition (OCR) as well as post correction. The corrected data was lemmatized and annotated with part-of-speech information including
named entities as well as TEI-conformant metadata. The resulting 19.9-million-word corpus is designed to be queried using
CQPweb and Hyperbase and can be accessed freely online. Lastly, we give a short roadmap of current and
future expansions and improvements as corpus data has been and is being enhanced in follow-up projects.
Bilingual newspapers as sites of multilingual practice
Authors: Sebba Mark
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses multilingualism in three publications aimed at bilingual communities in Britain: speakers of Russian, Greek and Tagalog. Despite the fact that the editorial content in such publications is almost completely monolingual, they are sites rich in multilingual written practices. The focus here is on display advertisements, which make up a large part of these publications. The paper looks at what language mixing practices are present, and what insights they may give into the nature of bilingualism in the community of intended readers. I identify two types of language alternation:in-line alternationinvolves integrating words from two different languages within one textual unit.Compositional alternationinvolves juxtaposing units in two (or more) different languages within a more complex visually delimited text, such as a display advertisement. While the advertisements themselves are good examples of multilingual writing, the mixing of languages itself is unremarkable and unremarked. Content in one language is rarely translated into another, while at the same time ‘seamless’ switches from one language to another are common. The advertisements in these publications seem to reflect the language competences and literacies of their intended readerships, where the ability to read more than one language (though to different extents) is taken as given.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 22Na to include the 2014 result of the LNE-LNHB (France)
Authors: Michotte C , Ratel G , Courte S , Coulon R , Judge S , Fréchou C , Bobin C , Cassette P , Tartés I , Thiam C
Published: October 2020

Since 1976, 13 laboratories have submitted 29 samples of 22Na to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)- K1.Na-22. Recently, the LNE-LNHB (France) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Photoemission resulting from collisions of I2 with 5–100 eV electrons
Authors: Prince Benjamin D , Levandier Dale J , Bemish Raymond J
Published: October 2020

We have determined absolute apparent excitation cross sections for photoemission in the 300–1050 nm spectral region resulting from collisions of I2 with electrons of 4.8–100 eV translational energy. Experiments were done in single collision conditions and emission is observed from I2, I2
+, I and I+. All the emission features appear to turn on at the energy thresholds for formation of the respective excited state species. At higher electron beam energy the spectra are dominated by emissions from the strong I2
+ A–X band, as well as the intense emission from several I 5s
25p
46s states. An attempt to determine the initial I2
+ A populations generated from electron impact is discussed. These populations are determined from simulations of the I2
+ A–X emission band using both experimentally and theoretically determined potential energy surfaces available in the literature. Direct, vertical formation of I2
+ A from I2 X is only supported in the case of the ab initio potential energy surface.
Electrical properties of inhomogeneous tungsten carbide Schottky barrier on 4H-SiC
Authors: Vivona M , Greco G , Bellocchi G , Zumbo L , Di Franco S , Saggio M , Rascunà S , Roccaforte F
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the electrical behavior of tungsten carbide (WC) Schottky barrier on 4H-SiC was investigated. First, a statistical current-voltage (I–V) analysis in forward bias, performed on a set of equivalent diodes, showed a symmetric Gaussian-like distribution of the barrier heights after annealing at 700 °C, where a low Schottky barrier height (ΦB = 1.05 eV) and an ideality factor n = 1.06 were measured. The low value of the barrier height makes such a WC contact an interesting candidate to reduce the conduction losses in 4H-SiC Schottky diodes. A deeper characterization has been carried out, by monitoring the temperature dependence of the I–V characteristics and the behavior of the relevant parameters ΦB and n. The increase of the barrier height and decrease of the ideality factor with increasing temperature indicated a lateral inhomogeneity of the WC/4H-SiC Schottky contact, which was described by invoking Tung’s model. Interestingly, the temperature dependence of the leakage current under reverse bias could be described by considering in the thermionic field emission model the temperature dependent barrier height related to the inhomogeneity. These results can be useful to predict the behavior of WC/4H-SiC Schottky diodes under operative conditions.
Effect of the Weakened Heliosphere in Solar Cycle 24 on the Properties of Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Gopalswamy N. , Akiyama S. , Yashiro S. , Michalek G. , Xie H. , Mäkelä P.
Published: October 2020

Solar cycle (SC) 24 has come to an end by the end of 2019, providing the opportunity to compare two full cycles to understand the manifestations of SC 24 - the smallest cycle in the Space Age that has resulted in a weak heliospheric state indicated by the reduced pressure. The backreaction of the heliospheric state is to make the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) appear physically bigger than in SC 23, but their magnetic content has been diluted resulting in a lower geoeffectiveness. The heliospheric magnetic field is also lower in SC 24, leading to the dearth of high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) events. These space-weather events closely follow fast and wide (FW) CMEs. All but FW CMEs are higher in number in SC 24. The active region potential energy is lower in SC 24, consistent with the reduced rate of FW CMEs. The CME rate - sunspot number (SSN) correlation is high in both cycles but the rate increases faster in SC 24. We find that limb CMEs are slower in SC 24 as in the general population but wider. Limb halo CMEs also follow the same trend of slower SC-24 CMEs. However, the SC-24 CMEs become halos at a shorter distance from the Sun. Thus, slower CMEs becoming halos sooner is a clear indication of the backreaction of the weaker heliospheric state on CMEs. We can further pin down the heliospheric state as the reason for the altered CME properties because the associated flares have similar distributions in the two cycles – unaffected by the heliospheric state.