Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Authors: Amaro-Seoane Pau , Andrews Jeff , Arca Sedda Manuel , Askar Abbas , Baghi Quentin , Balasov Razvan , Bartos Imre , Bavera Simone S. , Bellovary Jillian , Berry Christopher P. L. , Berti Emanuele , Bianchi Stefano , Blecha Laura , Blondin Stéphane , Bogdanović Tamara , Boissier Samuel , Bonetti Matteo , Bonoli Silvia , Bortolas Elisa , Breivik Katelyn , Capelo Pedro R. , Caramete Laurentiu , Cattorini Federico , Charisi Maria , Chaty Sylvain , Chen Xian , Chruślińska Martyna , Chua Alvin J. K. , Church Ross , Colpi Monica , D’Orazio Daniel , Danielski Camilla , Davies Melvyn B. , Dayal Pratika , De Rosa Alessandra , Derdzinski Andrea , Destounis Kyriakos , Dotti Massimo , Duţan Ioana , Dvorkin Irina , Fabj Gaia , Foglizzo Thierry , Ford Saavik , Fouvry Jean-Baptiste , Franchini Alessia , Fragos Tassos , Fryer Chris , Gaspari Massimo , Gerosa Davide , Graziani Luca , Groot Paul , Habouzit Melanie , Haggard Daryl , Haiman Zoltan , Han Wen-Biao , Istrate Alina , Johansson Peter H. , Khan Fazeel Mahmood , Kimpson Tomas , Kokkotas Kostas , Kong Albert , Korol Valeriya , Kremer Kyle , Kupfer Thomas , Lamberts Astrid , Larson Shane , Lau Mike , Liu Dongliang , Lloyd-Ronning Nicole , Lodato Giuseppe , Lupi Alessandro , Ma Chung-Pei , Maccarone Tomas , Mandel Ilya , Mangiagli Alberto , Mapelli Michela , Mathis Stéphane , Mayer Lucio , McGee Sean , McKernan Berry , Miller M. Coleman , Mota David F. , Mumpower Matthew , Nasim Syeda S. , Nelemans Gijs , Noble Scott , Pacucci Fabio , Panessa Francesca , Paschalidis Vasileios , Pfister Hugo , Porquet Delphine , Quenby John , Ricarte Angelo , Röpke Friedrich K. , Regan John , Rosswog Stephan , Ruiter Ashley , Ruiz Milton , Runnoe Jessie , Schneider Raffaella , Schnittman Jeremy , Secunda Amy , Sesana Alberto , Seto Naoki , Shao Lijing , Shapiro Stuart , Sopuerta Carlos , Stone Nicholas C. , Suvorov Arthur , Tamanini Nicola , Tamfal Tomas , Tauris Thomas , Temmink Karel , Tomsick John , Toonen Silvia , Torres-Orjuela Alejandro , Toscani Martina , Tsokaros Antonios , Unal Caner , Vázquez-Aceves Verónica , Valiante Rosa , van Putten Maurice , van Roestel Jan , Vignali Christian , Volonteri Marta , Wu Kinwah , Younsi Ziri , Yu Shenghua , Zane Silvia , Zwick Lorenz , Antonini Fabio , Baibhav Vishal , Barausse Enrico , Bonilla Rivera Alexander , Branchesi Marica , Branduardi-Raymont Graziella , Burdge Kevin , Chakraborty Srija , Cuadra Jorge , Dage Kristen , Davis Benjamin , de Mink Selma E. , Decarli Roberto , Doneva Daniela , Escoffier Stephanie , Gandhi Poshak , Haardt Francesco , Lousto Carlos O. , Nissanke Samaya , Nordhaus Jason , O’Shaughnessy Richard , Portegies Zwart Simon , Pound Adam , Schussler Fabian , Sergijenko Olga , Spallicci Alessandro , Vernieri Daniele , Vigna-Gómez Alejandro 
Published: March 2023

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy, and, as such, it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and space-born instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA’s first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed; ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or interme-diate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help making progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with upcoming studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe.