bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complex trophic community of Disholcaspis eldoradensis, a sucrose‐secreting cynipid gall wasp of Quercus lobata
Authors: Ivey Christopher T. , Gilberti Drew B.
Published: October 2021

1. Galls of some species of cynipid wasps produce a sugary secretion that attracts ants, which are thought to defend gall‐inducers against natural enemies, although evidence in support of this hypothesis is mixed. Some discrepancies may be explained by the complexity of the multitrophic interactions, which involve multiple ant and parasitoid species, and which are influenced by gall size and aggregation. The gall exudate also affects these relationships, although secretion patterns and possible host plant impacts appear to be unstudied.

2. We studied Disholcaspis eldoradensis Beutenmuller (Hymenoptera:Cynipidae) galls on Quercus lobata Née (Fagaceae) and its interactions with ants and parasitoids. We used exclusion experiments to test the defensive benefits of ants and timing of parasitoid oviposition, and we measured how gall size, aggregation, and ant visitation influence these interactions. In addition, we measured variation in sucrose secreted by galls during larval development.

3. Ants benefited gall inducers in 2018, but not 2019. Over 80% of visits observed were from invasive ants. Gall aggregation was not associated with parasitism, gall inducer success, or visitation by ants. During 2018, gall size was inversely correlated with the chance of parasitism and positively correlated with gall inducer biomass, whereas in 2019, parasitoid community composition varied with gall size. Sucrose secretion varied widely among galls and through time.

4. Facultative mutualisms between ants and sugar‐secreting galls are complex and likely vary through time depending on local ecological circumstances. Gall secretions warrant increased attention and may impose a substantial burden on some host plant photosynthetic budgets.
Adjusted comparison between elotuzumab and carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Morabito Fortunato , Zamagni Elena , Conticello Concetta , Pavone Vincenzo , Palmieri Salvatore , Bringhen Sara , Galli Monica , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Derudas Daniele , Rossi Elena , Ria Roberto , Catalano Lucio , Tacchetti Paola , Mele Giuseppe , Donatella Vincelli Iolanda , Antonia Martino Enrica , Vigna Ernesto , Botta Cirino , Bruzzese Antonella , Mele Anna , Pantani Lucia , Rocchi Serena , Garibaldi Bruno , Cascavilla Nicola , Ballanti Stelvio , Tripepi Giovanni , Frigeri Ferdinando , Pia Falcone Antonetta , Cangialosi Clotilde , Reddiconto Giovanni , Farina Giuliana , Barone Marialucia , Rizzello Ilaria , Musto Pellegrino , De Stefano Valerio , Musso Maurizio , Teresa Petrucci Maria , Offidani Massimo , Neri Antonino , Di Renzo Nicola , Di Raimondo Francesco , Boccadoro Mario , Cavo Michele , Gentile Massimo
Published: October 2021

The lack of a randomized trial comparing carfilzomib (K) versus elotuzumab (Elo) associated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) prompted us to assess the relative usefulness of one triplet over the other. Five independent retrospective cohorts of 883 relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients, including 300 EloRd and 583 KRd cases, outside clinical trials, entered this non‐randomized comparison. KRd cohort accounted for a higher incidence of younger patients, cases with ≥3 lines of therapy, already exposed to lenalidomide, International Staging System (ISS) stage III, and abnormal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level compared with EloRd cohort. Moreover, cytogenetic risk categories, detected in roughly one‐third of cases, were equally distributed between the two therapy arms. The probability of CR+VGPR response was significantly higher in KRd (n = 314, 53.9%) than in EloRd patients (n = 111, 37.0%). Likewise, the cumulative incidence function of CR+VGPR, taking into account the competitive risk of death, was significantly higher in KRd arm patients than those in the EloRd arm (p = .003). Moreover, KRd treatment significantly reduced the progression or death risk by 46% in an adjusted multivariate analysis (HR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.42–0.69, p < .0001). Finally, in an adjusted illness‐progression/death model, the effect of KRd versus EloRd was of higher magnitude among those who achieved CR+VGPR (−39% hazard ratio reduction, p = .02) than among those who achieved < VGPR (−29% hazard ratio reduction, p = .007). With limitations characteristic to any retrospective analysis, this current clinical practice study's overall results demonstrated potential benefits of KRd therapy compared with EloRd. This observation may help the daily clinical practice.
Differentiating global luminance, arousal and cognitive signals on pupil size and microsaccades
Authors: Wang Chin‐An , Munoz Douglas P.
Published: October 2021

Pupil size reflects a proxy for neural activity associated with global luminance, arousal and cognitive processing. Microsaccades are also modulated by arousal and cognitive processing. Are these effects of arousal and cognitive signals on pupil size and microsaccades coordinated? If so, via what neural mechanisms? We hypothesized that if pupil size and microsaccades are coordinately modulated by these processes, pupil size immediately before microsaccade onset, as an index for ongoing cognitive and arousal processing, should correlate with microsaccade responses during tasks alternating these signals. Here, we examined the relationship between pupil size and microsaccade responses in tasks that included variations in global luminance, arousal and inhibitory control. Higher microsaccade peak velocities correlated with larger pre‐microsaccade pupil response related to arousal and inhibitory control signals. In contrast, pupil responses evoked by global luminance signals did not correlate with microsaccade responses. Given the central role of the superior colliculus in microsaccade generation, these results suggest the critical involvement of the superior colliculus to coordinate pupil and microsaccade responses for arousal and inhibitory control modulations, but not for the pupil luminance modulation.
Plasmatic endocannabinoids are decreased in subjects with ultra‐high risk of psychosis
Authors: Joaquim Helena P. G. , Costa Alana C. , Pereira Cícero A. C. , Talib Leda L. , Bilt Martinus M. V. , Loch Alexandre A. , Gattaz Wagner F.
Published: October 2021

The onset of frank psychosis is usually preceded by a prodromal phase characterized by attenuated psychotic symptoms. Currently, research on schizophrenia prodromal phase (ultra‐high risk for psychosis [UHR]) has focused on the risk of developing psychosis, on the transition to full blown psychosis and on its prediction. Neurobiological differences between UHR individuals who fully recover (remitters) versus those who show persistent/progressive prodromal symptoms (nonremitters) have been little explored. The endocannabinoid system constitutes a neuromodulatory system that plays a major role in brain development, synaptic plasticity, emotional behaviours and cognition. It comprises two cannabinoid receptors (CB1/CB2), two endocannabinoid ligands, arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) along with their inactivation enzymes. Despite much evidence that the endocannabinoid system is imbalanced during psychosis, very little is known about it in UHR. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the plasma endocannabinoid levels in UHR and healthy controls (HC) and verify if these metabolites could differentiate between remitters and nonremitters. Circulating concentrations of AEA (p = .003) and 2AG (p < .001) were lower in UHR when compared with HC, with no difference between remitters and nonremitters. Regarding clinical evolution, it was observed that out of 91 UHRs initially considered, 16 had psychiatric complaints (3 years of follow‐up). Considering those subjects, there were weak correlations between clinical parameters and plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids. Our results suggest that the endocannabinoids are imbalanced before frank psychosis and that changes can be seen in plasma of UHR individuals. These molecules proved to be potential biomarkers to identify individuals in the prodromal phase of psychosis.
Neural correlates of interoceptive accuracy: Beyond cardioception
Authors: Baltazar Matias , Grezes Julie , Geoffray Marie‐Maude , Picq Jean‐Luc , Conty Laurence
Published: October 2021

Interoceptive accuracy (IAc), the precision with which one assesses the signals arising from one's own body, is receiving increasing attention in the literature. IAc has mainly been approached as an individual trait and has been investigated through the cardiac modality using mostly non‐ecological methods. Such studies consensually designate the anterior insular cortex as the main brain correlate of IAc. However, there is a lack of brain imaging studies investigating IAc in a broader and more ecological way. Here, we used a novel ecological task in which participants monitored their general bodily reactions to external events and investigated brain regions subtending intraindividual (i.e. trial‐by‐trial) variations of IAc. At each trial, participants had to rate the intensity of their bodily reactions to an emotional picture. We recorded participants' skin conductance response (SCR) to the picture as an indicator of actual physiological response intensity. We fitted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) model using, as regressors, the SCR value, the rating and the product of the two (as a proxy of participants' IAc) obtained trial per trial. We observed that activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) increased when individuals' IAc decreased. This result reveals general mechanism of error processing in intraindividual variations of IAc, which are unspecific to interoception. Our result has a practical impact in the clinical domain. Namely, it supports the predictive coding framework whereby IAc deficits may reflect impairments in processing a mismatch between actual interoceptive signals and predictions.
Intelligent grey forecasting model based on periodic aggregation generating operator and its application in forecasting clean energy
Authors: Sui Aodi , Qian Wuyong
Published: October 2021

Accurate prediction of long‐term and short‐term clean energy production is the basis for understanding short‐term clean energy supply capacity, long‐term clean energy development trend and evaluating the effect of energy policies. However, under the circumstances of the large time span, the insufficient data samples and the periodic characteristics of seasonal clean energy production make the traditional grey prediction model prone to produce forecasting deviations. Given this situation, a novel seasonal fractional‐order full‐order time power discrete grey prediction model is initially proposed to deal with long‐term clean energy production sequences featured with nonlinearity and periodicity. Based on the proposed model, we also propose a data‐based algorithm to select the model structure adaptively. To prove the practicability of the new model for nonlinear long‐term development trend, monthly periodic time series and quarterly periodic time series, this article uses the new model to predict annual hydropower capacity in North America, monthly natural gas production in China and quarterly solar power generation in China. And the prediction results are compared with the existing grey models and non‐grey prediction models. Different methods including GM (1,1), DGM (1,1), NGM (1,1), ARGM (1,1), ENGM (1,1), Verhulst, CCRGM (1,1), FOTP‐DGMr (1,1), PFSM (1,1), Holt‐winters model, SARIMA model, SGM, HP‐GM and DGGM are used as benchmarks. In experiments, the MAPE of the proposed model is 2.92%, 2.43%, and 7.87%, respectively. The results of empirical analysis indicate that the proposed model generally outperform the benchmark model as it can well capture nonlinear long‐term development trend and seasonal characteristics.
Effects of superchilling on quality of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): water migration, biogenic amines accumulation, and nucleotides catabolism
Authors: Qin Lerong , Wu Yuxin , Chen Jiwang , Xia Wenshui , Liao E , Wang Haibin
Published: October 2021

Effects of refrigerated (3.5 ± 0.5 °C), iced (0 ± 0.5 °C) and superchilled (−3.0 ± 1.0 °C) storage on quality of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were evaluated by monitoring the water migration, microbial contamination, biogenic amines accumulation, and nucleotides catabolism during 21 days. The results indicated that superchilling was effective in accelerating the rate of water migration and reducing total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine, total viable bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and psychrotrophic bacteria of crayfish. Meanwhile, significant (P < 0.05) lower putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine contents were observed in superchilled sample (SS), whereas histamine concentrations were at lower levels (0.76–2.31 μmol g−1) in all treatments. In addition, the predominant nucleotides degradation pathway in crayfish was the conversion of inosine monophosphate, which was accumulated massively (3.74 µmol g−1) in SS at the end of storage. According to the dynamic changes of inosine and hypoxanthine contents, the shelf life of SS was prolonged to 15 days.
Differences in the light‐dependent changes of the glutathione metabolism during cold acclimation in wheat varieties with different freezing tolerance
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Ahsan , Balogh Eszter , Szalai Gabriella , Galiba Gábor , Kocsy Gábor
Published: October 2021

Light‐dependent (250 or 500 µmol/m2/s, red/far‐red: 15/1; 250 µmol/m2/s and red/far‐red: 10/1) adjustment of glutathione metabolism during cold acclimation (5°C, 7 d) was compared in four wheat genotypes (14‐day‐old) differing in freezing tolerance. Only the shoot fresh weight of the two tolerant genotypes increased during cold, regardless of light conditions. Their electrolyte leakage was decreased in high light intensity. Cold greatly increased both the amount of γ‐glutamylcysteine (glutathione precursor) and cysteinylglycine (degradation product) in all genotypes grown in high intensity and far‐red lights, and consequently, the ratio of their oxidised forms exhibited a great decrease. However, cold induced a fivefold increase in the amount of glutathione and hydroxymethylglutathione disulphides only in the two sensitive genotypes grown in far‐red light. In general, the activities of the four enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle were decreased by cold, except for the two tolerant genotypes cultivated in high light intensity. The gene expression studies did not reveal any transcriptional control of the changes observed at metabolite and activity levels. Our results show that both high intensity and far‐red lights are involved in the control of the cold‐induced changes in the amount/activity of the studied antioxidants, and some of these alterations have positive correlation with the level of freezing tolerance.
The capability of Bacillus pseudomycoides from soil to remove Cu(II) in water and prevent it from entering plants
Authors: Li Huixin , Ai Chongyang , Zhao Xixi , Pang Bing , Xu Xiaoguang , Wu Wanqin , Liu Guanwen , Jiang Chunmei , Pan Zhongli , Shi Junling
Published: October 2021

Aims

Copper ion is widespread in wastewater and threatens the condition and human health. Micro-organisms have unique advantages to remove heavy-metal ions from water, but are rarely reported in the removal of copper ion. This aims to develop micro-organisms that can remove copper ion in water, characterize their properties and analyse their potential application in practice.

Methods and Results

Sewage sludge was used as the source to isolate wild bacteria that can remove copper ion in water. The most efficient strain was screened out from 23 obtained isolates, identified as Bacillus pseudomycoides and coded as C6. The properties of C6 in the removal of copper ion in water were investigated in the aspects of reaction conditions, reaction groups, reaction dynamic and the application in oat planting. The reaction at pH 7 within 10 min yielded the highest removal rate of copper ion, 83%. The presence of lead ion in the reaction system could promote the removal rate of copper ion. Carboxyl groups and amidogen of C6 biomass were mainly involved in the removal of copper ion. The removal of copper ion was in accord with single-layer adsorption and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. In application, C6 biomass reduced the copper content in the oat seedlings grown in copper ion containing water by more than seven times.

Conclusions

B. pseudomycoides C6 can efficiently remove copper ion in water and inhibit it from entering plants.

Significance and Impact of Study

This is the first time to report the capability of B. pseudomycoides to remove copper ion in water, which is also more efficient than the currently reported chemical and biological methods.
Effect of metal ions on lipopeptide secretion from Bacillus subtilis strain FJAT-4: Negative regulation by Ca2+
Authors: Chen Meichun , Zheng Meixia , Chen Yanping , Xiao Rongfeng , Zheng Xuefang , Liu Bo , Wang Jieping , Zhu Yujing
Published: October 2021

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the effect of metal ions on lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis strain FJAT-4 and the mechanism of negative regulation by Ca2+.

Methods and Results

The quantitative measurement of lipopeptides in response to K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ addition was carried out by LC-MS. The contents of fengycin and surfactin varied within the range of 116.24–129.80 mg/L and 34.03–63.11 mg/L in the culture media containing K+, Na+ and Mg2+, while the levels were 0.86 and 0.63 mg/L in the media containing Ca2+. Ca2+ at a high concentration (45 mM) did not adversely affect the growth of strain FJAT-4, but caused significant downregulation of lipopeptide synthesis-related gene expression, corresponding to a decrease in lipopeptide production. This inhibition by Ca2+ was further investigated by proteomic analysis. In total, 112 proteins were upregulated and 524 proteins were downregulated in the presence of additional Ca2+ (45 mM). Among these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 28 were related to phosphotransferase activity, and 42 were related to kinase activity. The proteomics results suggested that altered levels of three two-component signal-transduction systems (ResD/ResE, PhoP/PhoR and DegU/DegS) might be involved in the control of expression of the fen and srfA operons of FJAT-4 under high calcium stress.

Conclusions

The Ca2+ at the high concentration (45 mM) triggers a decrease in lipopeptide production, which might be attributed to the regulation of three two-component signal-transduction systems ResD/ResE, PhoP/PhoR and DegU/DegS.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The regulatory effect of calcium on the expression of genes encoding lipopeptide synthetases can be applied to optimize the production of lipopeptides.
Lived experience of neuropsychiatric symptoms among females with mild cognitive impairment: A phenomenological study
Authors: Lin Rose S. Y. , Yu Doris S. F. , Li Polly W. C. , Chau Pui Hing , Lee Jung Jae
Published: October 2021

Aims

To explore the lived experience of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among females with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Design

A phenomenological study using individual, semi‐structured, telephone‐based interviews was conducted to explore how the NPS are aroused, evolve, and affect the overall well‐being, illness perception and the corresponding coping responses adopted by females with MCI.

Methods

Twenty‐nine participants with MCI were recruited from the community setting in Hong Kong between March and October 2020. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach and constant comparison strategy.

Results

Three themes were identified: (1) living vigilant lives with threats and uncertainty, (2) snowballing into further negative emotions and (3) seeking outlets for negative emotions. Our findings suggested that the participants' cognitive, functional and social challenges aroused intense emotional responses such as depression, agitation and anxiety. These noting negative emotions were further perpetuated by maladaptive coping responses, unrealistic expectations from coping strategies and overwhelming disease burden. Various internal and external strategies were adopted to enhance emotional adaptation, of which adopting a positive attitude appeared to be the most promising strategy.

Conclusion

This study shed light on the challenging experience of MCI. The cognitive afflictions and the resultant impacts on various life domains evoked a cluster of NPS. Support services need to enhance emotional adjustment through alleviating the various life stressors and strengthening the coping resources.

Impact

Elucidating the lived experience of NPS provides important insights into the development of a more effective, comprehensive and person‐centred care planning for the population with MCI. Holistic care planning should extend beyond cognitive health optimization into enhancing disease knowledge, improve emotional coping, rebuild self‐identity and bolstering social supports among this preclinical cohort.
Novel dental composite resin derived from rice husk natural biowaste: A systematic review and recommendation for future advancement
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Cher Chia Yee , Cheah Kah Kei , Noorani Tahir Yusuf , Ismail Noor Huda , Ghani Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This review aimed to summarize contemporary evidence related to dental composite resin derived from rice husk biowaste and its potential future advancement. This review paper included the techniques for synthesis, characterization, and preparation of rice husk composite resin. Focus was also given to the flexural strength and modulus, compressive strength, wear rate, hardness, surface roughness, color stability, polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion, and their application onto root canal treated teeth.

Material and Methods

A search of English peer‐reviewed literature (January 1960–February 2021) was conducted from electronic databases (PubMed Central, Cochrane, LILACS, Science Direct, Web of Science, SIGLE, EMBASE, EBSCO, Medline, and Google Scholar).

Results

11 articles and a book section were finally selected for qualitative analysis. Studies concluded that the physicomechanical properties and the color stability of rice husk dental composites showed comparable results to conventional dental composites. Incorporation of zirconia nanopowder into rice husk dental composite increased the compressive strength and hardness values, associated with lower shrinkage, a high degree of conversion, and improved fracture strength when applied on root canal treated teeth.

Conclusions

Due to its low cost, eco‐friendliness, and acceptable clinical performances, rice husk dental composite resin can be considered as an alternative to conventional composites.

Clinical Significance

Dental composite resin derived from rice husk silica demonstrated excellent performance, which could potentially substitute currently available composite resins. This review will give new insight to clinicians and researchers on the usage of natural biowaste mass in the field of dental restorative materials.
A digital workflow with the virtual enamel evaluation and stereolithographic template for accurate tooth preparation to conservatively manage a case of complex exogenous dental erosion
Authors: Luo Tian , Zhang Junjing , Fan Lin , Huang Yutian , Yu Jiayi , Yu Haiyang
Published: October 2021

Objective

This article describes a digital workflow using virtual enamel evaluation and a stereolithographic template for accurate tooth preparation for a complex exogenous dental erosion.

Clinical Considerations

A 22‐year‐old man with different degrees of defects on the labial surface in esthetic area was diagnosed as exogenous dental erosion. The residual undamaged enamel area and depth of defect were measured and analyzed accurately by creating a digital virtual patient based on the pretreatment data. According to the different conditions of residual enamel and tooth defect, the treatment plans of porcelain veneer, crown and composite resin were chosen for corresponding involved teeth. Based on the virtual wax‐up and the suggested material thickness, a template for tooth preparation was designed and three‐dimensional printed. This template together with a special bur indicating the reduction depth accurately guided the teeth preparation and achieved a long‐term effect.

Conclusions

The virtual enamel evaluation contributes to obtaining the appropriate corresponding treatment plan objectively. The stereolithographic template effectively meets the accuracy of tooth preparation, preserving the tooth hard tissue to the greatest extent.

Clinical Significance

The digital workflow described here may provide a quantifiable evaluation method and an accurate tooth preparation method for exogenous dental erosion.
Diet and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Trakman Gina L. , Fehily Sasha , Basnayake Chamara , Hamilton Amy L. , Russell Erin , Wilson‐O'Brien Amy , Kamm Michael A.
Published: October 2021

The composition and function of the dynamic microbial community that constitutes the gut microbiome is continuously shaped by the host genome, mode of birth delivery, geography, life stage, antibiotic consumption, and diet. Diet is one of the most potent factors in determining microbiome integrity. Dietary factors in early life appear to substantially determine the risk of later health or disease; for example, exposure to ultra‐processed foods in childhood or adolescence may increase the risk of the later development of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer, thought to be mediated by modulation of the gut microbiota. Dietary factors when gut diseases are established influence symptoms and disease activity, can form a risk factor for ongoing disease, or can be used as therapy to decrease disease activity. The characterization of dietary content is currently complex and imperfect, but tools are emerging to define precisely the nature of dietary composition. Similarly, the revolution in microbial analysis allows greater understanding of how diet influences microbial composition and function. Defining the interaction between diet, the gut microbiome, and gastrointestinal disease is leading to radical changes in our clinical approach to these disorders.
Awareness, acceptability, and satisfaction of teledermatology consultation among social‐media users in Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Sushan , Poudel Sishir , Agrawal Sudha , Marahatta Suchana
Published: October 2021

Background

Teledermatology refers to the use of telecommunication in consulting one's skin problem to a dermatologist at distance.

Aims

This study aims to identify the awareness, acceptability, preferred technical tools, willingness to use, comfortability, and satisfaction of teledermatology among social‐media users in Nepal.

Methods

It was an exploratory cross‐sectional study performed on 360 social‐media users, subjected to web‐based interview based on pretested proforma containing questions to address: awareness of telemedicine, type and tools preferred for teledermatology, willingness to use, comfortability, and satisfaction of teledermatology services.

Results

Most of the participants (60.8%) were initially unaware of telemedicine. Despite this, the majority (81.9%) were willing to use the services after being aware, mostly during the follow‐up (36.6%). Most of the participants (61.1%) preferred the hybrid model for teleconsultation, while mobile was the preferred technical tool (68.1%) mostly because of its compatibility (84.1%) and portability (56.3%). The majority of the participants felt that teledermatology consultation would be beneficial (77.2%) and they mostly preferred it directly from a dermatologist (85.6%). About two‐thirds (64.2%) also believed that teledermatology consultation would eliminate the need for a face‐to‐face consultation. The majority would be comfortable (68.1%) if their skin lesions are photographed and sent to a dermatologist and would be satisfied (62.5%) with the consultations, through Wi‐Fi and mobile data both (55.6%), and via Facebook (97.2%) and Viber (70.8%).

Conclusions

Despite being unaware of telemedicine, the participants were willing to use teledermatology consultation and thought that they would be comfortable and satisfied with it.
Morphometric study of lymphangiogenesis in different lesions of psoriasis vulgaris with correlation to disease activity
Authors: Anis Nourhan , Assaf Magda , Diab Nagwa , Soliman Ahmed , Salah Eman
Published: October 2021

Background and objectives

In the last decades, attention to the role of lymphangiogenesis in psoriasis has been paid. Our study was conducted to evaluate podoplanin‐stained lymphatic vessels and the level of lymphangiogenesis in papular psoriatic lesions and psoriatic plaques and ascertain if podoplanin provides any additional prognostic information.

Materials and methods

Number of lymphatic vessels and total lymphatic vessel area were morphometrically analyzed in podoplanin‐stained sections, using anti‐D2‐40, together with the immunohistochemical study of epidermal Ki‐67 in psoriasis vulgaris (n = 20) (papules = 7 and plaques = 13) and control skin specimens (n = 20).

Results

The number of lymphatic vessels and total lymphatic vessel area were higher in psoriasis cases compared with normal skin (p = 0.01, p = 0.01 respectively). In psoriatic plaques, the number of lymphatic vessels, total lymphatic vessel area, and epidermal Ki‐67 immunoreactivity were higher than in papular lesions (p = 0.002, p = 0.008, and p = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

Psoriasis vulgaris is found to be a lymphangiogenesis‐dependent disease, and the lymphatic vascular network is in remodeling and expanding process. Podoplanin may be implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be used as a prognostic biomarker for disease severity and progression.
Determinants of seasonal influenza vaccination hesitancy among healthcare personnel: An integrative review
Authors: Hall Caroline M. , Northam Holly , Webster Adrian , Strickland Karen
Published: October 2021

Aims and objectives

To explore the determinants of and behaviour change models for seasonal influenza vaccination compliance among healthcare personnel.

Background

COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare personnel may be better understood by exploring determinants of seasonal influenza vaccine hesitancy.

Design

Integrative literature review.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Six thousand and forty‐eight articles were screened. Seventy‐eight met inclusion criteria. Due to the heterogeneity of included articles, a narrative synthesis was conducted utilising a conceptual matrix to identify thematic categories.

Results

Six thematic categories were identified as influencing HCP SIV compliance: ‘perceived vulnerability’, ‘trust’, ‘past behaviour’, ‘professional duty’, ‘access and convenience’ and ‘knowledge and experience’. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was the most commonly utilised health behaviour change model within the seasonal influenza vaccination context. Few studies have examined seasonal influenza vaccine acceptance and uptake within the Australian HCP context, particularly involving community care and aged care.

Conclusions

Factors that appear to relate to influenza vaccination compliance among HCP can be grouped according to several thematic categories, and they also appear influential in COVID‐19 vaccine uptake. In particular, an emerging focus on ‘trust’ or the more emotive considerations of decision‐making around health‐protective behaviours requires further exploration in the context of a pandemic. Efforts to influence these domains to increase compliance, however, are likely to be impeded by a lack of a well‐developed and tested behaviour change model.

Relevance to clinical practice

Healthcare personnel (HCP) face high levels of occupational exposure to seasonal influenza every year. An emerging focus on ‘trust’ and the more emotive considerations of decision‐making around health‐protective behaviours requires further exploration in the context of a pandemic.
Understanding relationships between general self‐efficacy and the healthy ageing of older people: An integrative review
Authors: Remm Sarah , Halcomb Elizabeth , Hatcher Deborah , Frost Steve A. , Peters Kath
Published: October 2021

Aims and objectives

The aim of this integrative review was to investigate current literature exploring relationships between general self‐efficacy and the healthy ageing of older people.

Background

Enhancing the health and well‐being of older adults, while mitigating consequences of illness and frailty are important priorities in healthy ageing. General self‐efficacy is closely associated with human behaviour and has been linked with improved health and well‐being.

Design

An integrative review using the five‐stage method described by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005, 52, 546).

Methods

Academic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo were searched between 2010 and 2020 for original, peer‐reviewed papers, published in English that investigated general self‐efficacy and factors associated with the healthy ageing of older people. Included papers were critically appraised using the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and underwent data abstraction and synthesis via a constant comparative method. This review was also evaluated using the PRISMA checklist.

Results

Twenty‐one papers were included in this review. Two main themes emerged. The first highlights positive relationships between general self‐efficacy and health and ageing perceptions, with subsequent influence on health behaviours. The second includes two sub‐themes, which explores general self‐efficacy’s role in maintaining well‐being through its effects onpsychological healthandovercoming physical declinethrough adaption to changing physical and health conditions.

Conclusions

Promoting general self‐efficacy has potential benefits for the healthy ageing of older people through positive effects on ageing and health perceptions, health behaviours, psychological health and overcoming physical decline.

Relevance to clinical practice

Understanding how general self‐efficacy facilitates healthy ageing can guide nursing practices that reduce or mitigate consequences of illness and physical decline on the health and well‐being of older people. Strategies aimed at increasing older people’s general self‐efficacy can help to facilitate subsequent positive effects on factors that promote healthy ageing.
Primary uterine broad ligament ependymoma with CHEK2p.H371Y germline mutation: A CARE‐compliant case report uterine broad ligament ependymoma
Authors: Yin Jiaxin , Yao Min , Lu Hongdi , Cong Xiaofeng , Cui Pengfei , Liu Ziling
Published: October 2021

Ependymomas arise from ependymal cells lining the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord and can occur throughout the whole neuraxis. The lesion rarely occurs in extracranial or extraspinal regions, particularly in the uterine broad ligament. Thus, for the pathogenesis of nonsacral extra‐central nervous system (CNS) ependymomas remains elusive. Here, we describe a rare case of primary uterine broad ligament. ependymoma with cell‐cycle‐checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) p.H371Y germline mutation. A 45‐year‐old woman presented with a uterine mass. The transvaginal sonographic examination confirmed a 4.4 cm × 3.7 cm, cystic and solid, mass located on the right side uterine wall near isthmus. First, laparoscopy with the neoplasm resection was carried out. Based on morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of tumor cells that expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S‐100, and vimentin, the tumor was diagnosed as an ependymoma. After that, she underwent a laparotomic total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, and lymphadenectomy. Furthermore, we performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of the patient's resected tumor tissue and peripheral blood and identified a novel CHEK2 p.H371Y germline mutation. Following surgery, the patient received oral tamoxifen (10 mg 2/day) and followed by letrozole (2.5 mg/day) for 6 months. The patient remained disease‐free after 4 years of follow‐up. Conceivably, CHEK2 p.H371Y is a driving gene for the development of extra‐CNS ependymoma.
Topical clonazepam for burning mouth syndrome: Is it efficacious in patients with anxiety or depression?
Authors: Rossella Intini , Alessandro Villa , Naman Rao , Gary Klasser , Hervé Sroussi Y.
Published: October 2021

Background

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder characterised by pain in the oral cavity without clinically evident causative lesions. The aetiology of this condition is poorly understood, and treatment can be challenging.

Method

A retrospective review of the medical records of 82 patients with BMS was performed. Data on demographics, BMS associated symptoms, symptoms’ intensity score (NRS: 0–10) and response to treatment with topical clonazepam were extracted from clinical notes based on a standardised clinical questionnaire. Differences in the symptoms’ intensity score between patients with or without concomitant anxiety/depression or systemic psychogenic medication use were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

Among the entire cohort, the median symptoms’ intensity score at baseline was 4.5 and 3.0 at first follow‐up, a statistically significant improvement (p < .001; 95% CI). Among the subjects with anxiety/depression and those who were prescribed systemic psychogenic medications, the median symptoms’ intensity score at baseline was 5.0 and 3.0 at first follow‐up, a statistically significant improvement (p < .001; 95% CI). Among those without anxiety/depression, the symptoms’ intensity score at baseline was 4.0 and 2.0 at first follow‐up, a statistically significant improvement (p < .05; 95% CI). The median symptoms’ intensity score for those who were not on any psychogenic medications at baseline was 4.0 and 2.0 at first follow‐up, a statistically significant improvement (p < .001; 95% CI).

Conclusions

Clinicians are encouraged to prescribe topical clonazepam for BMS regardless of concomitant use of systemic psychogenic medications or comorbid mood disorders as it is an efficacious management approach in the presence or absence of these potentially complicating factors.
Children's acceptability profiles for biscuits with different fiber content
Authors: da Quinta Noelia , Alvarez‐Sabatel Saioa , Martinez de Marañón Iñigo , Alfaro Begoña
Published: October 2021

Due to the widespread rejection by children of products with high‐fiber content, new approaches to meet the dietary recommendations on fiber intake are necessary. To understand which sensory properties influence this rejection, children's acceptability was examined in high‐fiber biscuits and drivers of liking were identified. One hundred and ten Spanish children (6–12 years old) evaluated the overall liking of eight commercial biscuits with variable fiber content and stated their preference. To study the drivers of liking, the samples were characterized through a quantitative descriptive analysis, the determination of the moisture and water activity as well as the instrumental evaluation of texture with a texture analyzer. It was suggested that the addition of fiber in biscuits reduced children's liking ratings. High‐fiber samples were sensory and instrumentally described as harder, crispier, and more chewing than the samples with medium and low fiber content. The main sensory driver of liking identified in this study was the soft texture. Despite their hard texture, high‐ and medium‐fiber samples were chosen as the preferred ones for 14% of the children that participated when they included chocolate taste. Drivers of disliking identified in this study were related to the addition of fruit as a filling or as dehydrated pieces. This knowledge about children's acceptability of high‐fiber products might be of interest for the food industry with the aim of developing well‐accepted products that supply nutritional deficiencies associated with the fiber intake.
Efficacy and safety of givosiran for acute hepatic porphyria: 24‐month interim analysis of the randomized phase 3 ENVISION study
Authors: Ventura Paolo , Bonkovsky Herbert L. , Gouya Laurent , Aguilera‐Peiró Paula , Montgomery Bissell D. , Stein Penelope E. , Balwani Manisha , Anderson D. Karl E. , Parker Charles , Kuter David J. , Monroy Susana , Oh Jeeyoung , Ritchie Bruce , Ko John J. , Hua Zhaowei , Sweetser Marianne T. , Sardh Eliane ,   for the ENVISION Investigators
Published: October 2021

Background & Aims

Upregulation of hepatic delta‐aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 with accumulation of potentially toxic heme precursors delta‐aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen is fundamental to the pathogenesis of acute hepatic porphyria. Aims: evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety of givosiran in acute hepatic porphyria.

Methods

Interim analysis of ongoing ENVISION study (NCT03338816), after all active patients completed their Month 24 visit. Patients with acute hepatic porphyria (≥12 years) with recurrent attacks received givosiran (2.5 mg/kg monthly) (n = 48) or placebo (n = 46) for 6 months (double‐blind period); 93 received givosiran (2.5 mg or 1.25 mg/kg monthly) in the open‐label extension (continuous givosiran, n = 47/48; placebo crossover, n = 46/46). Endpoints included annualized attack rate, urinary delta‐aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen levels, hemin use, daily worst pain, quality of life, and adverse events.

Results

Patients receiving continuous givosiran had sustained annualized attack rate reduction (median 1.0 in double‐blind period, 0.0 in open‐label extension); in placebo crossover patients, median annualized attack rate decreased from 10.7 to 1.4. Median annualized days of hemin use were 0.0 (double‐blind period) and 0.0 (open‐label extension) for continuous givosiran patients and reduced from 14.98 to 0.71 for placebo crossover patients. Long‐term givosiran led to sustained lowering of delta‐aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen and improvements in daily worst pain and quality of life. Safety findings were consistent with the double‐blind period.

Conclusions

Long‐term givosiran has an acceptable safety profile and significantly benefits acute hepatic porphyria patients with recurrent attacks by reducing attack frequency, hemin use, and severity of daily worst pain while improving quality of life.
Seasonal genotype dynamics of a marine dinoflagellate: Pelagic populations are homogeneous and as diverse as benthic seed banks
Authors: Jerney Jacqueline , Rengefors Karin , Nagai Satoshi , Krock Bernd , Sjöqvist Conny , Suikkanen Sanna , Kremp Anke
Published: October 2021

Genetic diversity is the basis for evolutionary adaptation and selection under changing environmental conditions. Phytoplankton populations are genotypically diverse, can become genetically differentiated within small spatiotemporal scales and many species form resting stages. Resting stage accumulations in sediments (seed banks) are expected to serve as reservoirs for genetic information, but so far their role in maintaining phytoplankton diversity and in evolution has remained unclear. In this study we used the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) as a model organism to investigate if (i) the benthic seed bank is more diverse than the pelagic population and (ii) the pelagic population is seasonally differentiated. Resting stages (benthic) and plankton (pelagic) samples were collected at a coastal bloom site in the Baltic Sea, followed by cell isolation and genotyping using microsatellite markers (MS) and restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RAD). High clonal diversity (98%–100%) combined with intermediate to low gene diversity (0.58–0.03, depending on the marker) was found. Surprisingly, the benthic and pelagic fractions of the population were equally diverse, and the pelagic fraction was temporally homogeneous, despite seasonal fluctuation of environmental selection pressures. The results of this study suggest that continuous benthic–pelagic coupling, combined with frequent sexual reproduction, as indicated by persistent linkage equilibrium, prevent the dominance of single clonal lineages in a dynamic environment. Both processes harmonize the pelagic with the benthic population and thus prevent seasonal population differentiation. At the same time, frequent sexual reproduction and benthic–pelagic coupling maintain high clonal diversity in both habitats.
Isoprene enhances leaf cytokinin metabolism and induces early senescence
Authors: Dani Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta , Pollastri Susanna , Pinosio Sara , Reichelt Michael , Sharkey Thomas D. , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Loreto Francesco
Published: October 2021

Isoprene, a major biogenic volatile hydrocarbon of climate‐relevance, indisputably mitigates abiotic stresses in emitting plants. However functional relevance of constitutive isoprene emission in unstressed plants remains contested. Isoprene and cytokinins (CKs) are synthesized from a common substrate and pathway in chloroplasts. It was postulated that isoprene emission may affect CK‐metabolism.

Using transgenic isoprene‐emitting (IE) Arabidopsis and isoprene nonemitting (NE) RNA‐interference grey poplars (paired with respective NE and IE genotypes), the life of individual IE and NE leaves from emergence to abscission was followed under stress‐free conditions. We monitored plant growth rate, aboveground developmental phenotype, modelled leaf photosynthetic energy status, quantified the abundance of leaf CKs, analysed Arabidopsis and poplar leaf transcriptomes by RNA‐sequencing in presence and absence of isoprene during leaf senescence.

Isoprene emission by unstressed leaves enhanced the abundance of CKs (isopentenyl adenine and its precursor) by > 200%, significantly upregulated genes coding for CK‐synthesis, CK‐signalling and CK‐degradation, hastened plant development, increased chloroplast metabolic rate, altered photosynthetic energy status, induced early leaf senescence in both Arabidopsis and poplar. IE leaves senesced sooner even in decapitated poplars where source–sink relationships and hormone homeostasis were perturbed.

Constitutive isoprene emission significantly accelerates CK‐led leaf and organismal development and induces early senescence independent of growth constraints. Isoprene emission provides an early‐riser evolutionary advantage and shortens lifecycle duration to assist rapid diversification in unstressed emitters.