bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Novel Imidazoles Derivatives and Evaluation of Anticancer and Anthelmintic Activity
Authors: Pankaj Saxena  , Umesh Kumar  , Puspendra Kumar  , Abhishek Saxena
Published: August 2022

The imidazole derivatives are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings and produce significant various pharmacological activity like anticancer, antitubercular, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidepressant, antileishmanial activity and many more. The present study was planned to synthesize novel imidazoles and assess them as their anticancer and anthelmintic activity. To make an equivalent Schiff's base, sulfanilamide was first condensed with heteryl aldehydes. Using silica gel as a solid support, the Schiff's base was further treated with NH4OAC and acetylated/benzoylated isatin, yielding matching imidazoles. A comparison of the created microwave approach with the conventional method is discussed in this work. The physical and analytical data of synthesized compounds were studied, and were evaluated for their anticancer and anthelmintic activity. The findings demonstrated significant anticancer and anthelmintic activity of novel synthesized imidazoles compounds (1b – 8b). The synthesized imidazoles possessed significant cytotoxic activity against Hep-2 cell line. The findings suggested the microwave method was more appropriate for the synthesis of imidazoles compounds (1b – 8b).
A Comprehensive Review of Croton joufra
Authors: Abu Md Ashif Ikbal  , Amlanjyoti Rajkhowa  , Rima Majumder  , Kishan Paul  , Kuntal Manna  , Bikash Debnath
Published: August 2022

Croton joufra, a traditional medicinal plant in the north-eastern region of India, continues to be an active member of folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases and ailments, mainly used to treat helminthic intestinal infections. This review paper aims to highlight some of the medicinal values and extraction techniques used to obtain the extract. Studies have shown that qualitative screening tests of extracts from different parts of the plant have detected terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and reducing sugars. Among the extraction solvents used, chloroform extraction of Croton joufra leaves is considered the most effective extraction. These results indicate that Croton joufra may have various unexplored medicinal values in addition to its existing uses. In addition to medicinal uses, this plant is also popular among locals for secondary purposes. Since this plant is abundant in the north-eastern region of India in association with other useful plants, it is an incentive for researchers to explore it further. Future investigation may unearth more medicinal uses of this plant, which will be announced in the future.
Formulation, Development and Characterization of Transdermal Patches of Metformine Hydrochloride as Lοw Dοse Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Deeksha Gupta  , Vikas Jain  , Akanksha Jagwani  , Pradeep Pal
Published: August 2022

The οbjective οf the prοpοsed study was tο develοp lοw dοse support treatment οf metformin hydrochloride in diabetic patients. The pοtassium brοmide pellet was mοunted in IR compartment and checked between wave number 4000-450 cm-1 utilizing FTIR spectrοphοtοmeter (Mοdel-8400 S, Shimadzu, Japan). The dissοlutiοn and diffusiοn liquid fοr drug discharge and permeatiοn concentrates separately were chosen based οn sοlubility information οf metformin in variοus liquids. The lattice type transdermal patches οf Metformin hydrochloride were ready by sοlvent evapοratiοn method by utilizing diverse ratiο οf ethylcellulοse (EC) and pοlyvinylpyrrοlidοne K-30 (PVP) pοlymers. Weight variatiοn study οf transdermal patches was perfοrmed by independently gauging 10 randοmly chosen patches οf sizes 4.52 cm2 οn advanced gauging equilibrium and normal weight was determined. The absοrbance οf sοlutiοn was estimated at 227 nm by utilizing UV/apparent spectrοphοtοmeter (Mοdel-1700, Shimadzu, Japan). The chlοrοfοrm was utilized as a clear. The normal perusing οf three patches was taken as the content οf drug in οne fix. The transdermal patches were ready by utilizing ethylcellulοse (EC) and pοlyvinylpyrrοlidοne K-30 (PVP) pοlymers in various cοmpοsitiοn. The EC and PVP are mοst cοmmοnly involved pοlymers in transdermal medication conveyance framework because οf their cοmpatibility with drugs and supported delivery prοperties. The weight οf transdermal fixed shifted frοm 164.37 tο 172.01 mg which showed that the pre-arranged various bunches οf transdermal movies were comparative in weight. The most noteworthy rate οf drug discharge (59.66%) was οbserved frοm fοrmulatiοn F4 (EC/PVP, 3:2) which was fundamentally (p<0.05) more prominent than the lοwest esteem 40.70% οbtained frοm the fοrmulatiοn F1 (EC/PVP, 4.5:0.5). The rate οf drug discharge οrder was as fοllοws: F4>F3>F5>F2>F1. The created transdermal patches of Metformin hydrochloride might end up being a superior option in contrast to traditional measurement structures in diabetes.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Martynia annua Fruit
Authors: Renuka Verma  , Pushpa Prasad Gupta  , Amit Roy  , Shashikant Chandrakar
Published: August 2022

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of Martynia annua fruits. Martynia annua (M. annua) commonly used in traditional medicines for cure of inflammation, tuberculosis, skin infection, epilepsy, burns, itching and sore throat. The fruit of M. annua was extracted with ethyl acetate by soxhlet method. The fruit extract (EAE) was subjected to phytochemical analysis,thin layer chromatography and determination of antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography of EAE confirmed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, fat, volatile oil, tannin and phenolic compound. The EAE showed dose dependent antioxidant activity in DPPH, hydrogen peroxide assay and nitric oxide assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be about 70- 90%. It is concluded that antioxidant activity of EAE of Martynia annua fruit produced dose related effect.
Section Artikel Penerapan Lean Manufacturing untuk Mengurangi Pemborosan Menunggu dan Cacat pada Pembuatan Batik Cap
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Wulandari Riska Yunita Ayu , Rochman Yuli Agusti ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sudiarso Andi ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Herliansyah uhammadKusumawan ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: August 2022

Batik Nakula Sadewa merupakan usaha rumahan yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi Batik Cap dan Batik Tulis. Dalam persaingan di industri menyebabkan perusahaan maupun industri rumahan menerapkan lean manufacturing guna untuk mengurangi adanya pemborosan dalam sistem produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waste apa yang paling dominan terjadi pada proses produksi Batik Cap. Untuk mengetahui waste yang ada dan paling dominan dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner dan perhitungan pembobotan kuesioner 7 waste. Hasil dari perhitungan tersebut waste yang paling dominan yaitu waiting dengan bobot 0,26 dan defect dengan bobot 0,24. Setelah mengetahui waste yang terjadi potensi proses yang sering terjadi waste tersebut yaitu proses pengecapan kain dengan data waktu non value added+necessary non value added yang tinggi di proses ini yaitu sebesar 1407,737 detik. Setelah itu dicari akar penyebab terjadinya waste menggunakan fishbone diagram dan dihasilkan penyebab dari waiting diantaranya kurang cekatan dan kurang disiplinnya operator, lingkungan alat cap bersih dan kotor kurang tertata rapi, pelabelan alat cap batik isian dan pinggiran yang belum ada. Sedangkan untuk waste defect disebabkan operator kurang fokus dan kurang disiplin, procedur pengecapan yang kurang sesuai standar serta kebersihan alat cap kurang diperhatikan dan alat cap yang kotor. Dari masalah tersebut diterapkan usulan perbaikan dengan pembuatan SOP pengecapan kain dan perawatan alat dengan penjadwalan pembersihan alat seminggu sekali yang dilaksanakan dihari sabtu dan perbaikan pada process activity mapping kemudian menghasilkan pengurangan waktu dimana hasil pengurangan cycle time sebesar 170,094 detik dan pengurangan lead time sebanyak 489,05 detik.
Congreso iberoamericano sobre sedimentos y ecología
Authors: Hansen Anne M. , García-Chevesich Pablo , de França Doria Miguel
Published: August 2022

A esta fecha, ISI-LAC ha llevado a cabo tres congresos iberoamericanos sobre sedimentos y eco-logía: En México (2015), Chile (2018) y en línea (2021). Los objetivos de estos tres congresos han evolucionado desde el intercambio de conocimiento sobre procesos ambientales, la identificación del potencial de mejora en gestión de sedimentos en la región hasta la vinculación de la ciencia con las necesidades en materia política, social y ambiental. Los organizadores de estos congresos son el Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA), la Inicia-tiva Internacional de Sedimentos en Latinoamérica y El Caribe (ISI-LAC), la Universidad de Chile, el Capítulo Iberoamericano de la Asociación Interna-cional de Control de Erosión y Sedimentos (IECA), el Programa Hidrológico Intergubernamental para América Latina y El Caribe (PHI-LAC) y el Centro Regional de Seguridad Hídrica (CERSHI) de la UNESCO. En estos congresos se presentaron entre 90 y 100 trabajos en diversas sesiones temáticas. Hubo también cursos, foros, talleres, muestras comerciales y eventos culturales. Los alcances e impactos de estos trabajos para la región se puede resumir en el intercambio de conocimiento sobre procesos y efectos ambientales relacionados con sedimentos; el potencial de mejora en la gestión de sedimentos, generando beneficios económicos, ambientales y sociales, y la propuesta de incluir en las agendas públicas los siguientes temas relacionados con sedimentos y ecología:• Establecer prácticas de manejo de sedimentos para disminuir la erosión y el transporte de sedimentos a cuerpos de agua; • Determinar los impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales, que generan los sedimentos;• Entender la importancia de los sedimentos en el transporte de contaminantes y su relación con la calidad del agua;• Valorar la integridad ecológica de los sistemas dulceacuícolas;• Determinar prácticas de conservación y manejo sustentable de agua, suelo y sedimento.
Estimation of the Odds Ratio in Vaccinated Individuals and Determination of Vaccine Efficacy against Sars-CoV-2 Infection in Angola – Part I
Authors: De Lemos Santland Sebastião Alberto , Da Silva José Belchior , De Sousa Carlos Alberto Pinto
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Studies conducted in real-life scenarios on vaccine protection against COVID-19 constitute an important global priority, but one that is currently mostly neglected in low- and middle-income countries such as Angola. Here, we analyze for the first-time vaccine protection against COVID-19 in a real-life scenario after 6 months of implementing a multi-vaccination plan in Angola, providing estimation of odds ratios in vaccinated individuals and vaccine efficacy against infection by SARS-CoV-2 in a period that coincided with the identification of the Omicron variant in the country. Methods: We used a negative test case-control design to assess the effectiveness of vaccination against confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 4.232 vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with the result of a rapid antigen diagnostic test against SARS-CoV-2 performed from December 27 to 28, 2021 were included in the study. Data were extracted from the Digital Vaccination Record Platform (Rediv) of the Ministry of Health of Angola. All ethical procedures related to the authorization necessary to carry out the study were followed. Statistical analyzes were performed using version 7.5.2.0 of CDC's Epi Info. Frequency distributions and measures of central tendency were used to characterize the study universe. The general and sex-adjusted and age-adjusted odds ratios, were evaluated by comparing the chances of vaccination between cases and controls, and their associated 95% CI, which were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel stratification method. The risk classification of Axel Kroeger, Piscoya and Alarcon was used to interpret the odds ratio. The Breslow-Day statistic was used to assess the homogeneity of the odds ratios. Vaccine efficacy was calculated using the odds ratio applying the accepted statistical vaccine efficacy formula:(1 − odds ratio) × 100. For all estimates, a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The population consisted of 63.63% male and 36.37% female. The mean age was 36 years with a standard deviation of 13. 83. Regarding vaccination status, 83.27% of individuals were vaccinated and 16.73% were unvaccinated, with 21.81% positive and 78.19% negative for SARS -CoV-2. The odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 – 1.03) times lower in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals, with P=0.09. The overall vaccine efficacy (VE) was 15% (95% CI -3 – 30). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant decrease in the chances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals. However, the overall vaccine efficacy was 15%.
Infectious Bronchitis Virus: A Comprehensive Multilocus Genomic Analysis to Compare DMV/1639 and QX Strains
Authors: Da Silva Ana P. , Jude Rachel , Gallardo Rodrigo A.
Published: August 2022

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly variable RNA virus that affects chickens worldwide. Due to its inherited tendency to suffer point mutations and recombination events during viral replication, emergent IBV strains have been linked to nephropathogenic and reproductive disease that are more severe than the typical respiratory disease, leading, in some cases, to mortality, severe production losses, and/or unsuccessful vaccination. QX and DMV/1639 strains are examples of the above-mentioned IBV evolutionary pathway and clinical outcome. In this study, our purpose was to systematically compare whole genomes of QX and DMV strains looking at each IBV gene individually. Phylogenetic analyses and amino acid site searches were performed in datasets obtained from GenBank accounting for all IBV genes and using our own relevant sequences as a basis. The QX dataset studied is more genetically diverse than the DMV dataset, partially due to the greater epidemiological diversity within the five QX strains used as a basis compared to the four DMV strains from our study. Historically, QX strains have emerged and spread earlier than DMV strains in Europe and Asia. Consequently, there are more QX sequences deposited in GenBank than DMV strains, assisting in the identification of a larger pool of QX strains. It is likely that a similar evolutionary pattern will be observed among DMV strains as they develop and spread in North America.
Heterogeneity Extends Criticality
Authors: Sánchez-Puig Fernanda , Zapata Octavio , Pineda Omar K. , Iñiguez Gerardo , Gershenson Carlos
Published: August 2022

The dynamics of many complex systems can be classified as ordered, chaotic, or critical. Order offers stability and robustness, while chaos allows for change and adaptability. Criticality, then, is often seen as a balance required by living systems at different scales. In classical models, however, criticality is only found near phase transitions, restricting the parameter space (and thus the likelihood) of critical dynamics, as most parameters yield ``undesirable'' solutions. Here we show that this limitation is due to the homogeneity built-in these models, i.e., all elements sharing parameter values. By exploring heterogeneous versions of archetypal models in physics and computer science, we observe critical dynamics in a broader range of parameters, and thus could be more common than previously thought.
Bending Analysis of Integrated Multilayer Corrugated Sandwich Panel Based on 3D Printing
Authors: Dang Wen , Liu Xuanting , Sun Bohua
Published: August 2022

Single-layer core corrugated sandwich panels generally consist of a corrugated core and two layers of panels, while multi-layer core corrugated sandwich panels are formed by stacking multiple layers of panels with multiple layers of core layers. In this study, integrated multilayer core corrugated sandwich panels with different shapes of corrugated cores (triangular, trapezoidal, and rectangular) and the different number of core layers were fabricated using 3D printing technology, and the mechanical behavior of such multilayer core corrugated sandwich panels under quasi-static three-point bending was investigated using experiments and numerical simulations. The effects of core shape and number of core layers on the bending deformation process, damage mode, load carrying capacity, and bending energy dissipation capacity of multilayer core sandwich panels are discussed. Parametric design of multilayer triangular core corrugated sandwich panels was also carried out by finite element software ABAQUS. It was found that a new multilayer corrugated sandwich panel with a multi-layer core is better than the single core shape multilayer corrugated sandwich panel in terms of bending load capacity, energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity can be obtained through the combination design of different core shapes.
Epigenetics and Dysfunctional Energy Factors of Neurodegenerative Disease with Therapeutic Potential of H2O2 as Neuroprotective Agent
Authors: Widyarti Sri , Wibowo Syahputra , Sabarudin Akhmad , Abhirama Intan , Bambang Sumitro Sutiman
Published: August 2022

The number of people with neurodegenerative disease continues to increase every year. A new perspective is needed in overcoming this disease. In this review, researchers collected information about epigenetics and energy factors of neurodegenerative disease driven by mitochondria. Mitochondrial epigenetic dysregulation can cause damage to the neuron system. The increase in the amount and interaction of alpha-synuclein with SAMM50 in the mitochondria is one of the factors causing neurodegenerative disease. As an energy provider in the body, the existence of harmonization in the regulation of mitochondria specifically the mitochondrial outer membrane is important. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has neuroprotective abilities to overcome the impairment function of mitochondria in neurodegenerative patients. Based on the computational simulation of this case, it can be used as the basic concept for the development of the role of H2O2 in neurodegenerative disease.
Taxonomic Revision of the Cambrian Trilobite Abadiella and its Stratigraphic Significance in Gondwana
Authors: Wang Mingkun , Peng Shanchi , Zhang Xingliang
Published: August 2022

The taxonomy of trilobites Abadiella Hupé, 1953 and Parabadiella Zhang, 1966 from the lower Cambrian of Gondwana has long been a controversy. Based on newly-collected and formerly-reported materials, 94 trilobite cranidia within 21 species are selected for morphometric analyses: principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical variates analysis (CVA). The integrated morphological characters are successfully accounted for by two principal components in PCA. The further validations for the presupposed qualitative groupings are indispensable to detect and calibrate the ultimate taxonomic results in CVA. By this way, all specimens distributed in a consistent morphospace in PCA and the short distances between them demonstrate their close morphological affinity, supporting their congeneric status within Abadiella. Additionally, three morphotypes were recognized from all selected specimens and they were eventually revised and incorporated into A. bourgini Hupé, 1953, A. huoi Zhang, 1966, and A. yunnanensis Luo, 1981, through stepwise test-calibration to get a high correct rate as far as possible in CVA. From this, it is certain that A. huoi is conspecific in South Australia and South China. Its occurrence allows to correlate the Australian A. huoi Range Zone to the identical zone in South China (in platform), having an approximately consistent stratigraphic range in the two regions. In comparison with A. huoi, A. bourgini was reported from fewer localities in South China. Nevertheless, its presence in the Daguinaspis Zone of Issendalenian Stage in Morocco permits a correlation with Chinese and Australian A. huoi Zone. As an auxiliary marker for A. huoi, the occurrence of A. bourgini in Morocco, South Australia and South China reinforce the correlation potential and resolution in species-level for the Cambrian Stage 3 in Gondwana region.
pH-Sensitive Polyacrylic Acid-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier Incorporated with Calcium Ions for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Kong Jungwon , Park Sung Soo , Ha Chang-Sik
Published: August 2022

In this work, polyacrylic acid-functionalized MCM-41 was synthesized, which was further interacted with calcium ions, to realize enhanced pH-responsive nanocarrier for sustained drug release. First, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared by the sol-gel method. Afterward, (3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) modified surface was prepared by using the post-grafting method, then polymerization of acrylic acid was proceeded. After adding calcium chloride solution, polyacrylic acid-functionalized MSNs with calcium-carboxyl ionic bonds in the polymeric layer, which can prevent the cargo from leaking out of the mesopore, were prepared. The structure and morphology of the modified nanoparticles (PAA-MSNs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, etc. The controlled release of guest molecules was studied by using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The drug molecules-incorporated nanoparticles showed different releasing rates under different pH conditions. It is considered that our current materials have the potential as pH-responsive targeted nanocarriers in the field of medical treatment.
Regenerative Potential of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin to Accelerate Differentiation of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes-like Cells
Authors: Suryawan I Gde Rurus , Andrianto Andrianto , Agita Arisya , Ratri Anudya Kartika , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: August 2022

Background: There is several challenges to solve irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes due to myocardial infarction. Cell therapy is believed as an ideal treatment for cardiac regeneration in the infarct area. Obtaining adipose-derived stem cells increases seems to be promising, however it is limited by the capacity to differentiate. Stimulation by injectable platelet-rich fibrin appears to have the beneficial effects to accelerate cardiomyocyte-like cells differentiation.

Objective: To analyse the benefit of injectable platelet-rich fibrin to accelerate differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.

Methods: This study is a true experimental randomized post-test design study. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissues and cultured until 4 passages. The characteristics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were measured by the expression of CD 34-, CD 45-, and CD 105+ using flowcytometry. The samples were divided into 3 groups, i.e. negative control (α-MEM), positive control (differentiation medium) and treatment group (platelet-rich fibrin). The assessment of GATA-4 marker expression was conducted using flowcytometry on the fifth day and troponin was conducted using immunocytochemistry on the tenth day to determine the differentiation to cardiomyocyte. Data analysis was conducted using T-test and One-Way ANOVA on normally distributed data determined through Shapiro-Wilk test.

Results: Flowcytometry on GATA-4 expression revealed significant difference on addition of platelet-rich fibrin compared with negative and positive controls (68.20 ± 6.82 vs 58.15 ± 1.23; p<0.05; 68.20 ± 6.82 vs 52.96 ± 2.02; p<0.05). This was supported by the results of immunocytochemistry on troponin expression which revealed significant difference between platelet-rich fibrin group compared with negative and positive controls (50.66 ± 7.2 vs 10.73 ± 2.39; p<0.05; 50.66 ± 7.2 vs 26.00 ± 0.4; p<0.05).

Conclusion: Injectable platelet-rich fibrin has beneficial effect to accelerate differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.
FANET Experiment: Real-Time Surveillance Applications Connected to Image Processing System
Authors: Sadiq Bashir , Abiodun Muhammed , Zakariyya Sikiru
Published: August 2022

The major goal of this paper is to use image enhancement techniques for enhancing and extracting data in FANET applications to improve the efficiency of surveillance. The proposed conceptual system design can improve the likelihood of FANET operations in oil pipeline surveillance, and sports and media coverage with the ultimate goal of providing efficient services to those who are interested. The system architecture model is based on current scientific principles and developing technologies. A FANET, which is capable of gathering image data from video-enabled drones, and an image processing system that permits data collection and analysis are the two primary components of the system. Based on the image processing technique, a proof of concept for efficient data extraction and enhancement in FANET situations and possible services is illustrated
Semi-Analytical Lower-Bound Limit Analysis of Domes and Vaults
Authors: Zona Renato , Esposito Luca , Palladino Simone , Totaro Elena , Minutolo Vincenzo
Published: August 2022

The calculation of the collapse load of spherical domes is addressed using a semi-analytical approach under the hypotheses of small displacements and perfect plasticity. The procedure is based on the numerical approximation of the self-stress that represents the projection of the balance equilibrium null space on a finite dimensional manifold. The so obtained self-equilibrated stress span is superimposed to a finite element linear elastic solution to the prescribed loads yielding to the statically admissible set accordingly to Melan’s theorem. The compatibility of the stress with the constitutive law of the material has been enforced using linearized limit domain in terms of generalized stress, namely axial force and bending moment along the local spherical curvilinear coordinates. The procedure has been tested with reference to numerical and experimental data from the literature confirming the accuracy of the proposed method. The comparison with the literature confirms that the buckling load is much greater than the plastic collapse loads both calculated through the proposed procedure and reported in the quoted literature.
Solanum elaeagnifolium and S. rostratum as Potential Hosts of the Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus
Authors: Matzrafi Maor , Abu-Nassar Jackline , Klap Chen , Smith Elisheva , Dombrovsky Aviv
Published: August 2022

Invasive weeds cause significant crop yield and economic losses in agriculture. The highest in-direct impact may be attributed to the role of invasive weeds as virus reservoirs especially within the commercial growing areas. The new tobamovirus tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), recently identified in the Middle-East, overcomes the Tm-22 resistance allele in the cultivated tomato varieties grown in greenhouses. In this study, we determined the role of invasive weed species as potential hosts for ToBRFV and pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Out of all tested weed species, the invasive species So-lanum elaeagnifolium and S. rostratum, mechanically inoculated with ToBRFV, were positive for To-BRFV in both enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR tests. S. rostratum was also positive for PepMV. No conspicuous phenotype was observed on ToBRFV infected S. elaeagnifolium plants suggesting a hostplant associated defense response. S. rostratum plants inoculated with either ToBRFV alone or a mixture of ToBRFV and PepMV-IL, contained high ToBRFV levels. In addition, when inoculated with ToBRFV or PepMV-IL disease symptom manifestations were observed in S. rostratum plants and the symptoms were exacerbated upon mixed infections with both viruses. The distribution and abundance of both Solanaceae species increase the risks of virus transmission between species.
Por que as ocupações “femininas" pagam menos? Um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Geronimo da Silva Yasmin , Verzola Vaz Daniela
Published: August 2022

Nas últimas décadas, a taxa de participação feminina na força de trabalho cresceu de maneira expressiva no Brasil, passando de 18,5% em 1970 para 48,9% em 2010. Apesar disso, a segregação ocupacional por sexo persiste e pode ser um fator determinante para explicar a diferença salarial em desfavor das mulheres no país. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é compreender porque as ocupações femininas pagam menos. A fim de testar a teoria sociológica da desvalorização do trabalho feminino, avalia-se o impacto da transição entre ocupações distintas quanto à composição por sexo no rendimento dos trabalhadores. Para isso, são utilizados os microdados longitudinais de divulgação trimestral das edições de 2012 a 2019 da PNAD Contínua (IBGE) em um modelo de painel de efeitos fixos. A tipologia de integração ocupacional proposta por Oliveira (2001) é adotada para classificar as ocupações em predominantemente femininas, predominantemente masculinas ou integradas. Os resultados mostram que o trabalhador experimenta queda no rendimento quando transita para uma ocupação feminina, de modo que a hipótese da desvalorização é suportada. Observa-se, ainda, que os maiores rendimentos são recebidos nas ocupações integradas, indicando que a relação entre a composição ocupacional por sexo e os rendimentos é não linear.
Analisys of Hull Shape Art, Speed, Resistance, Power Using Holtrop Method On A Vessel With DWT 12,335 Ton
Authors: Amelia Laura , Yoviana Santa
Published: August 2022

A general cargo vessel carries various kinds of cargo in the form of goods. The goods transported are usually packaged goods. General cargo vessels are equipped with cargo cranes to facilitate the loading and unloading of cargo. This study aims to determine the relation between speed, resistance, and power using the Holtrop method on vessels with a DWT of 12,335 Tons. The ship was modelled using shipping software, and then validated the results with Holtrop mathematical calculations. Holtrop method for calculating tankers, general cargo, fishing vessels, tugs, passengers, containers, and frigates By using the main dimensions of the ship with Length Over All (LOA) 129.8 m, Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) 110 m, Length On Load Waterline (LWL) 112.75 m, Breadth (B) 18 m. height (H) 9 m, Draft (H) 7.2 m, Speed (V) 12.5 Knots. Tests were carried out on Maxsurf Software by calculating resistance and obtaining a graph that displays the relationship between power and speed and resistance and speed.
EL ENFOQUE DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS EN LA REFORMA AL SECTOR SEGURIDAD (RSS) EN HAITÍ Y LA CONTRIBUCIÓN DESDE COLOMBIA
Authors:   Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Devia Garzón Camilo Andrés , García Perilla Juan Carlos , Cadena Afanador Walter René
Published: August 2022

This document aims to analyze the SSR implementation process in Haiti. Initially, SSR will be approached from the United Nations as the theoretical reference for these processes implementation. Then, the development of the SSR process in this country will be analyzed, identifying the application approach during the intervention of the different missions since 1994, establishing the recurring points on which the efforts were concentrated and characterizing the difficulties resulting from this implementation that have prevented the consolidation of an efficient and viable security system. The analysis is based on the 68 Reports of the Secretary General issued on the Haiti situation in seven missions deployed. It is a descriptive investigation, qualitative, documentary and with consultation of primary official sources. It is concluded that the results in terms of SSR in Haiti have been insufficient, despite the considerable effort made by the United Nations and the countries participating in peacekeeping operations, evidencing a greater parameterization of measurement of results in terms of RSS in the last two stages, MINUJUSTH and BINUH. The participation of the Colombian Military Forces in these missions was highlighted and recognized, especially with the deployment of 15 contingents of uniformed members of the National Police, leaving learning experiences and opportunities for institutional improvement.
Technology Effect of EFL Listening Comprehension to Teacher during Pandemic
Authors: Sunjayanto Masykuri Edi
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of technology to student who taught listening comprehension during pandemic. The researchers recruited 66 senior high school students for this study. A test was used as a research instrument by the researchers. To display the material, the researchers used Learning Management System and Short Video on YouTube. The data was analyzed statistically by the researchers using an Anates program. The findings of this study indicate that technology-assisted language learning has a significant effect on EFL Listening Comprehension. This discovery demonstrated that technology-assisted language learning is an effective strategy for teaching Listening comprehension.
Land Subsidence Due to Creep of the Gulf Coast Aquifer System in the Houston-Galveston Region
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Jiang
Published: August 2022

The compaction measurements of Quaternary and Tertiary Gulf Coast aquifer system sediments in the Houston-Galveston region (TX) show spatially variable compression of 0.08 to 8.49 mm/yr because of geohistorical overburden pressure when groundwater levels in the aquifer system were stable after about the year 2000. An aquifer-system creep equation is developed for evaluating this variable compression, with a thickness-weighted average creep coefficient based on Taylor's (1942) secondary consolidation theory. The temporal variation of aquifer system creep can be neglected in a short-term observation period (such as a decade) after a long-term creep period (such as over 1,000 years) in geohistory. The creep coefficient of the Gulf Coast aquifer system is found to be in a range of 8.74 × 10−5 to 3.94 × 10−3 (dimensionless), with an average of 1.38 × 10−3. Moreover, for silty clay or clay-dominant aquitards in the Gulf Coast aquifer system the creep coefficient value varies in the range of 2.21 × 10−4 to 3.94 × 10−3, which is consistent with values found by Mesri (1973) for most soils, which vary in the range of creep coefficient, 1 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−3. Land subsidence due to secondary consolidation of the Gulf Coast aquifer system is estimated to be 0.04 to 4.33 m in the 20th century and is projected to be 0.01 to 0.64 m in the 21st century at the 13 borehole extensometer locations in the Houston-Galveston region. The significant creep should be considered in the relative sea level rise, in addition to tectonic subsidence and primary consolidation.
Cryptanalysis of the quantum public-key cryptosystem OTU under heuristics from combinatorial statements
Authors: Kamada Shoichi
Published: August 2022

The knapsack cryptography is the public-key cryptography whose security depends mainly on the hardness of the subset sum problem. Many of knapsack schemes were broken by low-density attacks, which are attack methods to use the situation that a shortest vector or a closest vector in a lattice corresponds to a solution of the subset sum problem. For the case when the Hamming weight of a solution for a random instance of the subset sum problem is arbitrary, if the density is less than 0.9408, then the instance can be solvable almost surely by a single call of lattice oracle. This fact was theoretically shown by Coster et al. In Crypto 2000, Okamoto, Tanaka and Uchiyama introduced the concept of quantum public key cryptosystems and proposed a knapsack cryptosystem, so-called OTU scheme. However, no known algorithm breaks the OTU scheme. In this paper, we introduce some combinatorial statements to describe necessary condition for the failure of low density attacks. More precisely, we give better heuristics than Gaussian heuristics for minimum norms of orthogonal lattices. Consequently, we show that the OTU scheme can be broken under these heuristics.
Decision-making changes for patients and medical personnel in the management of acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: cai Xuan , Bi Jingtao , Zheng Zhixue , Liu Yaqi
Published: August 2022

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. During the pandemic, to contain the spread of COVID-19, there were some integral changes in the medical processes based on the pandemic prevention policy, especially about emergency surgery.This study was conducted to investigate whether this pandemic had also an impact on the decision-making for both patients and medical personnel along with the treatment outcomes. Methods: Patients of age 18 years or older who were diagnosed radiologically with acute appendicitis between Jan 1, 2017 and Dec 31, 2020 were reviewed. The data of 1991 cases were collected and used for this study. Two groups were formed, one group before and the other group after the outbreak.The gathered data included gender, age, appendiceal fecalith, outcomes of treatment, and long-term outcomes of non-operation (8 months follow-up). We also collected details of surgical cases from above two groups. This data also included age, gender, appendiceal fecalith, fever, jaundice, length of onset before presenting to an emergency department (ED), anesthesia, surgery, white cell count, pathology, complications, and length of stay. We compared above data respectively, and analyzed the differences.Results: Compared to the period before the outbreak, patient visits for acute appendicitis remarkably dropped (19.8%), but surgical cases showed no change (dropped by roughly 5%). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in failure of non-operation(after pandemic 8.31% vs. before pandemic 3.22%), interval appendectomy(after pandemic 6.29% vs. before pandemic 12.84%), recurrence , and outcomes of recurrence. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in anesthesia method , surgery way, and complications( before pandemic 4.15% vs. after pandemic9.89% P<0.05) in patients who underwent the surgery. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) with respect to age, gender, fever, jaundice, appendiceal fecalith, white cell count, and length of onset before presenting to the ED.Conclusions: Non-operation is a flexible and secure treatment option. Laparoscopic appendectomy might be a better choice than open surgery. The current pandemic prevention policy is very effective, but it affected the decision-making process of patients and medical personnel along with some treatment outcomes.
Lessons from Polio Eradication: A synthesis of implementation strategies for global health services delivery from a scoping review
Authors: Neel Abigail H. , Olateju Adetoun , Peters Michael A. , Schleiff Meike , Alonge Olakunle
Published: August 2022

Introduction: There is limited guidance on strategies for delivering complex global health programs. We synthesized available evidence on implementation strategies and outcomes utilized in the global polio eradication initiative (GPEI) across low and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. Methods: We nested our scoping review into a literature review conducted as part of a parent study, STRIPE. This review systematically searched PubMed for articles between 1 January 1988 and 25 April 2018 using polio search terms. Strategies from included studies were organized according to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) framework, specified using Proctor’s framework, and linked to various outcomes (implementation, services delivery, impact).Results: 152 unique articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria (from 1,885 articles included in the parent study). Only 43 out of the 152 articles described a suitable quantitative study design for evaluating outcomes. We extracted 66 outcomes from the 43 unique studies. Study publication dates ranged from 1989-2018 and represented diverse country settings. The most common implementation strategies were developing mechanisms for feedback, monitoring, and evaluation (n=69); increasing awareness among the population (n=58); involving stakeholders, workers, and consumers in the implementation efforts (n=46); conducting workshops (n=33); using mass media (n=31); and building robust record systems to capture outcomes (n=31). Coverage (n=13) and morbidity (n=12) were the most frequently identified outcomes, followed by effectiveness (n=9) and fidelity (n=6). Coverage of polio vaccination was the most common implementation outcome, followed by acceptability and fidelity. Feasibility and sustainability were rarely evaluated.Conclusions: This review provides a catalogue of implementation strategies and outcomes relevant for advancing global health services delivery in LMICs drawing from the GPEI. Implementation strategies reviewed were poorly described and not adequately linked to outcomes. It calls for additional implementation research to unravel the mechanisms of implementation strategies and their effectiveness, and adaptation of the ERIC framework in LMICs. Systematic Review Registration: N/A
Association between Social Network, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction Among Elderly in India: Evidence from LASI Survey
Authors: Mandi Raghunath , Bansod Dhananjay W
Published: August 2022

BackgroundLife satisfaction is an indicator of subjective wellbeing among the elderly and is directly associated with health status, family structure, social support, amount of their social interaction, and the surrounding social environment in which the elderly live and interact. This study aims to investigate the association between family and social relations and life satisfaction among elderly aged 60 and above in India.MethodsUsing the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017-18) we had tried to assess how family and social relations contribute to life satisfaction among elderly aged 60 and above using the SWLS scale. Chi-square and ordered logistic regression were used in investigating the association between life satisfaction and varying aspects of family and social relations.ResultsOur result shows that, 45% of the study participants had higher life satisfaction, 22% had medium life satisfaction and 32% reported low life satisfaction. Our results highlight social participation, building social relationships, having close relationships with spouse/partner, receiving social support, and feeling of safety at home and neighborhood environment are strongly associated with life satisfaction among the elderly. Apart from family and social environment respondent’s socio-demographic structure also contributes to life satisfaction, especially at older ages.ConclusionsOur study recognizes that family and social relationships are important domains to promote well-being among the elderly. With rapidly soaring elderly population in India, the policy interventions should focus primarily on family and community to enhance wellbeing and to achieve successful ageing in the near future.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling of DRG reveal a common pattern of changes in early sciatic nerve injury male rats neuropathic pain
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Feng Yi-Qi , Wang Yan-Ting , Li Xia , Liu Jie , Xiong Yue , He Yu-Yao , Chen Lu , Liu Guo-Yang , Xie Wan-Li , Wu Qingping
Published: August 2022

Objective: Neuropathic Pain (NP) is a clinically common chronic refractory pain syndrome which threat to approximately 7–10% of the global population physical and mental health. However, the mechanism of metabolism alteration in NP remains unclear. This study is intended to figure out the relationship between the alternation of metabolism and the progression of NP. Methods: In this study, metabolites of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in sciatic nerve injury (SNI) rats and Sham rats were detected using liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC‐MS). Transcriptomic data were obtained from Beijing Genomics institution (BGI) which used to detect transcriptomic genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was performed to enrich the pathways. Joint-pathway combined analysis performed on Metaboanalyst.ca. Results: A total of 199 metabolites have been identified and measured, of which 6 compounds exhibited the differential expression between SNI group and Sham group. Metabolites set enrichment analysis (MSEA) displayed that there were 5 significantly enriched pathways in all. Through the KEGG database, downregulated 26 genes were found closely correlated with the altered metabolic pathways. BGI transcriptomic profiling revealed that 274 genes significantly changed between SNI group and Sham group. Integrating these genes with the transcriptomic data from the corresponding KEGG data set, we identified most of the differential expressed genes were related to amino acid metabolism, especially β-alanine acid metabolism. A total of 21 different expression genes were hub integrating genes, where in gene C0099 expression of β-alanine and ALDH was significantly effective in the prediction of therapeutic target of NP. Conclusions: Combining with the transcriptomic and metabolomics data, we found that the dysregulation of amino acid metabolism pathway β-alanine accumulation might affect the progression of NP.
Suckling hierarchy and performance of piglets in the farrowing phase with artificial ventilation and roof sprinkles
Authors: Vaz Gisele Dela Ricci , Titto Cristiane Gonçalves
Published: August 2022

The hierarchy between pigs occurs in the first days after birth and can be influenced by the sequence in which piglets breastfeed on teats. This study aimed to evaluate whether the artificial ventilation and roof sprinklers causes hierarchical changes in feeding and weight gain of piglets. The study was conducted at a farrowing unit with 26 individual stalls, half of them with fans and roof sprinklers. Twenty-six females and 281 piglets, of second birth order, with weaning at 21 days were evaluated. The piglets were numbered and distributed in weight categories. The teats were delimited on the left and right sides, forming classes. The recording of the teats where the piglets breastfed and the disputes were carried out from the second day of birth to weaning, three times a week, in two daily evaluations. The imposition of the hierarchy was attributed to the registration of agonistic behaviors among the piglets, identifying the sender, receiver, the type of behavior performed by the aggressor and the counter-reaction of the victim. Higher means of seeking teats were found in the intermediate, upper and lower classifications, with no statistical difference between environments and periods of the day. In the establishment of the hierarchy, no strictly dominant, intermediate or subordinate animal was found. Piglets classified as heavier at birth were heavier at weaning in both environments evaluated. It was concluded that the sequence of piglets in the mammary gland influences the weight gain of pigs at the end of the farrowing phase.