bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA TUMBUHAN BELARAN TAPAH (Merremia peltata)
Authors: Humairah Arfi , Yuniarti Yuniarti , Thamrin Gusti Abdul Rahmat
Published: April 2022

Belaran Tapah (Merremia peltata) is a plant used by the community around the Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK) of Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM) as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of secondary metabolites in the Belaran Tapah plant with a qualitative phytochemical test which is expected to provide information about the content of secondary metabolites for the Belaran Tapah plant which is capable of being the basis for sustainable use of plants that have medicinal abilities. The sample came from KHDTK ULM, while the Wood Science Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, ULM, was the place for testing. The method uses phytochemical screening which identifies flavonoid compounds, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, and alkaloids with objects including roots, stems, leaves, and bark. The test results were processed into tabulated data and analyzed descriptively. Secondary metabolites indicated on stems, bark, leaves, and roots showed that the most identified compounds were saponins, almost all parts of the belaran tapah, kilayu and slapped rhino plants, except for the slapped rhino stems. Alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids and quinones were found only in some parts of the roots, stems, leaves and bark, while flavonoids were not present in all of these plants.Belaran Tapah (Merremia peltata) merupakan tumbuhan yang digunakan masyarakat sekitar Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM) sebagai obat tradisional. Tujuannya dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada tumbuhan Belaran Tapah dengan uji fitokimia secara kualitatif yang diharapkan dapat menyajikan informasi mengenai kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder untuk tumbuhan Belaran Tapah yang mampu sebagai dasar untuk pemanfataannya secara berkelanjutan mengenai tumbuhan yang memiliki kemampuan untuk pengobatan. Sampel berasal dari KHDTK ULM, sedangkan Laboratorium Ilmu Kayu Fakultas Kehutanan ULM sebagai tempat pengujiannya. Metodenya dengan menggunakan skrining fitokimia yang mengidentifikasi senyawa flavonoid, quinon, saponin, steroid, tanin, triterpenoid, dan alkaloid dengan objek antara lain akar, batang, daun, dan kulit. Hasil pengujian diolah ke dalam tabulasi data dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Metabolit sekunder yang terindikasi pada batang, kulit, daun, dan akar menunjukkan bahwa yang paling banyak teridentifikasi adalah senyawa saponin, hampir semua bagian tumbuhan belaran tapah, kilayu dan tampar badak, kecuali di bagian batang tampar badak. Senyawa alkaloid, triterpenoid, steroid dan quinon ditemukan hanya di beberapa bagian akar, batang, daun dan kulit, sedangkan flavonoid tidak terdapat sama sekali dalam semua tumbuhan tersebut.
ANALISIS ASOSIASI TUMBUHAN OBAT DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS (KHDTK) UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT DESA MANDIANGIN, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Prabowo Eko , Peran Setia Budi , Yamani Ahmad
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the association of medicinal plants with other species of plants. The research was conducted at KHDTK, Lambung Mangkurat University, Mandiangin Village, South Kalimantan for ± 3 months. Sampling using the checkered line method, namely by jumping one or more plots in a certain path and determining the point of observation by purposive sampling. Plant association is used to determine the association between medicinal plants and other species of plants by calculating a two-dimensional contingency table. The results showed that the composition of plant species in KHDTK was found in 72 species of plants. The number of plant species at the seedling growth rate was 38 species, 44 species of saplings, 27 species of poles and 39 types of trees. There are 12 medicinal plants found that are associated with other plants, where the analysis is based on each growth rate. The medicinal plants are associated very significantly with the positive association type. Negatifly associated species were found at the seedling level with a combination of Sapit Undang with Patindis (Uruphyllum arborescens) and Tretepan (Antidesma sp.) With a minimum association of -1. The level of saplings also found a negatif association in the combination of dragon lime (Callophylum saluatri) and the combination of Sapit Undang and Sapat also had a minimum association of -1.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengnanalisis asosiasi tumbuhan obat dengan tumbuhan jenis lain. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KHDTK Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Desa Mandiangin, Kalimantan Selatan selama ± 3 bulan. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode garis berpetak, yaitu dengan cara melompati satu atau lebih petak-petak dalam jalur tertentu dan penentuan titik pengamatan secara purposive sampling. Asosiasi tumbuhan digunakan untuk mengetahui asosiasi antara tumbuhan obat dengan tumbuhan jenis lain dengan dilakukan perhitungan tabel kontangensi dua dimensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan komposisi jenis tumbuhan di KHDTK ditemukan 72 jenis tumbuhan. Jumlah jenis tumbuhan pada tingkat pertumbuhan semai terdapat 38 jenis, tingkat pancang ada 44 jenis, tingkat tiang 27 jenis dan pohon 39 jenis. Tumbuhan obat yang ditemukan ada 12 jenis yang diasosiasikan dengan tumbuhan lain, dimana analisis didasarkan pada tiap-tiap tingkat pertumbuhan. Tumbuhan obat yang berasosiasi rata-rata sangat nyata dengan tipe asoisasi positif. Jenis yang berasosiasi negatif ditemukan pada tingkat semai dengan kombinasi Sapit undang dengan Patindis (Uruphyllum arborescens) dan Tretepan (Antidesma sp.) dengan asosiasi minimum -1. Tingkat pancang juga ditemukan asosiasi negatif pada kombinasi Kapur naga (Callophylum saluatri) dan kombinasi Sapit undang dengan Sapat juga terjadi asosiasi minimum -1
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI KERJA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA DI BALAI PERBENIHAN TANAMAN HUTAN DINAS KEHUTANAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Aulia Saputri , Rezekiah Arfa Agustina , Helmi Muhammad
Published: April 2022

BPTH as the provider of forestry seeds has a big share in forest and land rehabilitation activites. In 2019 it failed to reach its target due to a lack of motivation to increase production. This studt aims to analyze the variables and the relationship between work motivation and work productivity of emoloyees at BPTH (Forest Plant Germanation Center) Banjarbaru City (South Kalimantan). The data collection technique in this study was carried out by census, with a total of 10 freelancers, 20 permanent workers and 10 supervisors. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews and giving questionnaires that were in accordance with the aspects of work motivation and work productivity to all workers BPTH Banjarbaru which had a correlation value of 0.333 with a significant intermediate of 0.036 which means that it has a real relationshipBPTH selaku penyedia bibit kehutanan memiliki andil yang besar pada kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan. Pada tahun 2019 gagal mencapai targetnya karena kurangnya motivasi untuk meningkatkan produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variabel dan hubungan antara motivasi kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada karyawan di BPTH (Balai Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara sensus, dengan total pekerja lepas 10 orang, pekerja tetap 20 orang dan pengawas 10 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan wawancara dan memberikan kuisioner yang sesuai dengan aspek-aspek motivasi kerja dan produktivitas kerja kepada seluruh pekerja yang ada di BPTH Banjarbaru memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar 0,333 dengan taraf signifikan sebesar 0,036 yang berarti memiliki hubungan yang nyata
Association of growth hormone gene polymorphism with bodyweight Kampung chicken
Authors: Rahmat Muqsita , Depison Depison , Wiyanto Eko
Published: April 2022

 Objective: The study's goal was to obtain growth hormone gene polymorphism and association growth hormone gene polymorphism with bodyweight Kampung chicken.

Methods: The research material is 50 samples of blood from Kampung chickens aged three months. The method used was included: DNA ektraksi, amplification PCR, characterization and identification using PCR-RFLP with the enzyme MspI. The data collected is of a frequencies genotype and allele. The locus was polymorphic, equilibrium population on the diversity of the gene GH MspI association with body weight at three months of age was an analysis using the mean difference test.

Results: Gene GH MspI of Kampung chicken polymorphic, the gene GH of Kampung chicken is in a population imbalance, gene GH MspI of Kampung chicken has a diversity very informative and has an association polymorphic on the genotype A2A2 significant (P<0.05) with bodyweight Kampung chickens aged three months.

Conclusions: Gene GH MspI of Indonesian chicken has an association with body weight aged three months, polymorphic, and can be used as a reference in making selections to improve genetic quality.
Analysis of CSN2 variants in Friesian Holstein cows and their association with milk protein allergy and production traits
Authors: Dhiaurridho Mohammad Ilham , Prakosa Firmansyah Tristadika , Karimah Firna Fauziatul , Ramadhana Salsabilla , Febriantama Ine , Bramastya Thoriq Aldri , Pramono Ahmad , Cahyadi Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze CSN2 variants in Indonesian Friesian Holstein (FH) cow and their association with milk protein allergy and production traits.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from bloods of twelve Indonesian FH cow. Exon 7 of the CSN2 was amplified using novel primer pair to produce 683 bp amplicon. The primers were 5’-ACCCCAATTTCTTAACCAAACCA-3’ as a forward primer and 5’-CATCAGAAGTTAAACAGCACAGT-3’ as a reverse primer. The PCR products were analyzed to determine the nucleotide sequence of CSN2 using Bioedit version 7.2.5. Moreover, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to associate between CSN2 variants and milk production traits.

Results: Two polymorphisms, c.350A>C and c.516G>C, were identified in the CSN2 exon 7. Base substitution from adenine (A) to cytosine (C) of c.350A>C changed amino acid codon from histidine (CAU) to proline (CCU), and base substitution guanine (G) to cytosine (C) of c.516G>C changed amino acid codon from arginine (AGG) to serine (AGC). The CC genotype frequency for c.350A>C SNP was 33% and they were able to produce A2 CSN2 variant which is favorable for preventing lactose intolerance. In addition, there were no association between c.350 A>C and c.516 G>C SNP of the CSN2 with milk production traits.

Conclusions: In conclusion, A1 and A2 variants of CSN2 were identified in Indonesian FH population and they did not associate with milk production in Indonesian FH.

 
Analysis of technical efficiency and determining factors of the broiler business in North Sulawesi
Authors: Kalangi Lidya Siulce , Lombogia Stanly Oktavianus Bryneer , Pandey Jeane , Fadwiwati Andi Yulyani
Published: April 2022

Objective: The broiler business with the partnership model has become a choice of society in improving their living. In certain circumstances, however, broiler farmers receive income far beyond their expectations due to declining production, because of some impacts of inefficient input utilization and worse management.  The research, then, aims to estimate the technical efficiency of broiler farming business with an open house system and a partnership business pattern, as well as to analyze the determining factors.

Methods: The purposive sampling was employed to identify 80 farmers. In detail, the parameter of production function of the Stochastic Frontier was estimated by using Maximum Likelihood Estimations (MLE) method and Frontier 4.1 program.  

Results: The estimated value in the statistic model (γ=0.8634) depicts that the hypothetical result of the production function model was assumedly better, so the production function of Cobb-Douglas was able to explain the existing data related to a phenomenon of the technical inefficiency in broiler business. The calculation result of the value of restriction parameter of LR test was 89.99, was greater than the critical value of the Kodde and Palm Table (=19.384), by the significance level at p<0.01. This means the existing inefficiency effects in the stochastic model. Further, the value of sigma square with the parameter value of 0.0133 was statistically significant by the trust level of 99%, describing that the production variation contributed by technical inefficiency was 1.33%. 
Conclusions: In conclusion, the value of technical efficiency obtained by broiler farmers under the partnership model in the open-house system was 0.95. Then, the determining variables of the broiler production were feeds, vitamins, medicine, working hours, and the total of electricity. Determinant variables that could reduce technical inefficiency were age, farming experience, and ownership status of lands/cages.
Development of salted egg powder by the addition of garlic extract
Authors: Evanuarini Herly , Susilo Agus
Published: April 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the use of garlic extract in salted egg powder based on the physicochemical quality, to improve nutrition, shelf life and consumer preference.

Methods: This study used was a laboratory experimental design with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment were without the addition of garlic extract as a control (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% (P3) addition of garlic extract to salted egg powder. Pan drying method at 60°C for 6 hours was used as a drying method. The variables measured were yield, Lightness, redness, and blueness color, moisture content, antioxidant activity. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used as data analysis, if there was a significantly different effect, it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Results: This study produced salted egg powder with a yield of 27.22-36.77%, color L of 75.35-80.33, color a* 5.01-6.33, color b* 26.99-31.66, moisture content of 2.23-2.77%, and antioxidant activity of 2.30-11.64%.

Conclusions: The best treatment of this research is salted egg powder with the addition of garlic extract as much as 15% and produces a product with a yield of 36.77%, color L of 75.35, color a* of 6.33, color b* of 31.66, moisture content  of 2.77 and antioxidant activity of 11.64%.
Profitability of the cow-calf operation business of local peranakan ongole (PO) cattle based on the cow performance and calf price
Authors: Widiati Rini , Kusumastuti Tri Anggraeni
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study aims to determine the cow-calf operation business performance of the local PO cow that can give better profitability for farmers.

Methods: The multistage purposive sampling method was used to determine of the samples. The technique of data collection was carried out using a survey method through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire to 90 beef breeders as respondent with 90 heads of productive PO local cows in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The method of analysis to determine the production performance of cows using descriptive statistics in the form of average and standard deviation. Furthermore, profitability is calculated in the form of net cash farm income with enterprise budgeting analysis.

Results: In the current condition, the cow calf operation (CCO) business of PO cattle generated positive net cash farm income. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that CI and calf weight were sensitive to net cash farm income. In order to get an increase in net cash farm income that was better than the current condition, it is necessary to direct the adoption of technology to shorten the calving interval to 13 months and increase the selling body weight of calves above 150 kg at the age of 6 months.

Conclusions: The CCO business of the local PO in the current condition has positive generate income. An increase in income that is better than the current condition can be obtained through technology adoption to shorten the CI and increase the calf sale weight.
Project-Based Assessment Blended Learning To Improve Students' Psychomotor Competence
Authors: Rahayu Wening Patmi , Zutiasari Ika , Ningsih Giarti
Published: April 2022

This research and development aim to produce an appropriate blended learning-based assessment project that can improve student competence. Project assignment by utilizing various contemporary applications such as Tik Tok, Instagram, and Youtube as a medium for product promotion. The data were researched and developed using Research and Development methods, the research model used was adopted from Borg & Gall. The feasibility of the development product in the form of an instrument was validated by a validator of assessment experts, validators of material experts. Student competence is measured by cognitive and psychomotor aspects. Data analysis by percentage and paired sample T-test analysis. The results of expert validation were declared "Very Feasible" with a score of 86.4% (cognitive) and 88.2% (psychomotor). The results of material expert validation were 89% (cognitive) and 87.5% (psychomotor) with the "Very Feasible" category. The results of the large class trial resulted in a score of 86.7% for the teacher's response and 88% for the student's response to the assessment instrument product. The increase in student competence is measured through project assignments, where the results of the calculation of the paired sample T-test show that there is a difference in the average score before and after using the assessment instrument in either the cognitive or psychomotor domain.
Psychological Empowerment Mediates the Effect of Workplace Wellbeing on Readiness to Change
Authors: Munawaroh Munawaroh , Fitriati Rachma
Published: April 2022

This study aims to see the readiness of individuals in dealing with changes that occur in the environment, especially in the workplace. In this study, data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 200 respondents who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The research data that has been collected is then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The data analysis technique was carried out in three stages, namely the inner model, outer model, and hypothesis testing. Using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), the findings of this study indicate that exogenous variables (workplace welfare and psychological empowerment) have a positive and significant effect on endogenous variables (individual readiness to change) in educators at the Universitas Negeri Jakarta Diploma level. The results also prove that psychological empowerment can be a mediator between the effect of workplace well-being on individual readiness to change in a positive and significant way.
Competitiveness of Food Crop Commodity in Developing Countries: A Semi-Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Setiawan Avi Budi , Mulyaningsih Tri
Published: April 2022

Agricultural commodities remain the primary source of exports for both developing and developed countries. However, inequity in competitiveness has emerged as a key concern as a result of discrepancies in economies of scale, efficiency, and government protection. The purpose of this study is to assess the competitiveness of main agricultural commodities in a number of developing countries. A semi-systematic review of the literature was employed as an analytical technique. The study's data was gathered from earlier research. The findings suggest that food crop commodities in poor nations have a low level of competitiveness. This is owing to the fact that the agricultural labor force in developing countries is largely comprised of unskilled employees, particularly women who are underpaid. In developing countries, four factors may have an impact on the competitiveness of food crop agricultural commodities. Availability of particular plant resources, technology, external and domestic demand, and domestic commodity and export pricing are just a few of them.
Synthesis Based on Linearization of Vector Speed Control of an Induction Motor without a Speed Sensor
Authors: Opeiko O. F.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work was parametric synthesis of vector sensorless (i. e. without speed sensor) control of an electric drive with an induction motor. The structure of the system is based on the application of an adaptive model for estimating the rotor flow coupling vector and velocity. The speed is estimated by the mismatch of the real stator current and the current value calculated in the model. Stability is guaranteed in this well-known structure, obtained on the basis of Lyapunov functions, but it remains problematic to calculate the parameters of regulators and an adaptive model to ensure high-quality dynamics of the system. For a vector control system of an induction electric motor without a speed sensor with an adaptive model, a linearized structure in a synchronously rotating coordinate system was proposed. This makes it possible to calculate control parameters using the modal control method to ensure quality indicators in each of the closed circuits of the system. Such parametric synthesis is based on the assumption that the flow coupling of the rotor is maintained constant, and therefore the mutual influence of the flow coupling and torque control channels can be neglected. The calculation of the parameters of control (regulators and the adaptation channel) is based on the method of assigning the roots of characteristic contour polynomials in such a way that each internal contour has a higher speed than the external one with respect to it. The method is approximate, but it makes it possible to take into account the main cause-and-effect relationships in dynamics and obtain simple calculation expressions. The simulation of the system was carried out using a simulation model that takes into account the digital software-algorithmic method for generating a microcontroller control signal, as well as electromagnetic processes under conditions of pulse-width modulation in an electric energy converter and an electric motor, the use of the values of the rotor flow coupling vector estimated by the model in coordinate transformations of the system, the formation of a spatial vector of the converter voltage. The analysis of the synthesized speed control system by the simulation method has confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method of parametric synthesis and the acceptable accuracy of speed estimation.
Energy-and-Technology Installation Based on a Rolling Mill Heating Furnace with the Option of Hydrogen Production
Authors: Sednin V. A. , Ivanchikov E. O. , Kaliy V. A. , Martinchuk A. Y.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of an energy-and-technology unit based on a continuous furnace of a rolling mill with an option for hydrogen production. A brief analysis of hydrogen production technologies and the prospects of their application in metallurgy are presented. It has been determined that as for enterprises with the potential of thermal waste, the use of thermochemical technologies is promising for the production of hydrogen. The main aspects and features of thermochemical methods of hydrogen production are shown from the standpoint of choosing the number of stages of chemical reactions implementation and determining the thermodynamic conditions for their conduct. The conditions for the implementation of the copper-chlorine Cu–Cl thermochemical cycle were investigated, and a rational variant of its implementation has been determined, taking into account the use of thermal waste (secondary energy resources) of the heating furnaces of the rolling mill. The application of the evolutionary method made it possible, on the basis of the technological scheme (which had been previously developed and investigated, and consisted of an energy-and-technological installation as a part of a rolling mill of a heating furnace and a utilization gas turbine with external heat supply that maintains the regenerative component of heating the air oxidizer), to synthesize a scheme of an energy-and-technological installation with the inclusion of a technological unit implementing a hybrid thermochemical copper-chlorine Cu–Cl cycle for separating water into hydrogen and oxygen using thermal secondary energy resources and electricity generated by a utilization gas turbine installation. Mathematical model of the macro level has been developed. The conducted numerical test experiments have shown the high energy prospects of the developed energy-and-technology installation, the fuel utilization rate of which is in the range of 75–90 %. The coefficient of chemical regeneration of fuel energy for the test mode was 11.3 %. As a result of numerical research, the prospects of developments under consideration in terms of the development of hydrogen production technologies with the use of thermochemical cycles and the high-temperature thermal secondary resources have been proved.
Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Use of Oil Jet Pumps
Authors: Panevnyk D. A.
Published: April 2022

The substantiation of the choice of design parameters characterizing the mutual orientation of the mixed flows and the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the elements of the flow path of the jet pump that provide an increase in the energy characteristics of borehole ejection systems is given. Depending on the mutual orientation of the mixed flows, three variants of the design of the jet pump are possible, viz. the one with a parallel orientation of the working and ejected flows, the one with the inlet of the ejected flow at a sharp angle, and the one with a perpendicular orientation of the working and ejected flows. The magnitude of the angle between the velocity vectors of the mixed flows directly affects the intensity of vortex formation in the mixing chamber, the amount of energy loss and the efficiency of the jet pump; however, the simplicity of their manufacture remains the determining condition for choosing the design variant of the elements of ejection systems. Based on the use of the laws of conservation of energy, the 

amount of motion and continuity of the flow, it is determined that the level of energy loss during mixing flows is directly proportional to the magnitude of the angle of entry of the ejected medium. In the course of computer simulation of the jet pump workflow, an asymmetric distribution of hydrodynamic parameters for the non-parallel orientation of the mixed flows has been obtained. In order to reduce energy losses when mixing flows, the value of the angle of entry of the ejected flow must be taken in the range from 0 to 15°. In the case of the implementation of the zero head mode and the maximum ejection coefficient, minimal energy losses during mixing of flows are provided for the main geometric parameter of the jet pump equal to 2.375. In the course of experimental studies, the inverse dependence of the maximum value of the efficiency of a borehole jet pump on the value of its main geometric parameter represented as a power function, has been established. When using ejection systems that implement long-term technological processes (e. g., during oil production), it is necessary to take the minimum possible value of the main geometric parameter of the jet pump for the specified operating conditions.
Er3+,Yb3+:YGdSiO5 Crystal as Gain Media for Lasers Emitting in the Spectral Range of 1.5–1.6 µm
Authors: Gorbachenya K. N. , Yasukevich A. S. , Kisel V. E. , Tolstik N. A. , Tarachenko A. A. , Homan V. I. , Pavlovskiy L. K. , Orlovich V. A. , Volkova E. A. , Yapaskurt V. O. , Kuleshov N. V.
Published: April 2022

Solid-state erbium lasers, emitting in the spectral range of 1.5–1.6 µm, are of great interest for several industrial applications. Nowadays the Er:glass is the most widespread laser material for obtaining laser radiation at the wavelength near 1.5 µm. However, the maximal output powers of such lasers are restricted by hundreds of milliwatts because low thermal characteristics of the glass host. By this reason the search for new crystalline hosts doped with erbium ions is the actual task.

In this article the investigation results of spectroscopic properties of Er3+,Yb3+:YGdSiO5 (YGSO) crystals are reported. Polarized absorption and luminescence spectra were measured. The lifetimes of energy levels were determined. The excited state absorption spectra were measured. It was shown that excited state absorption band does not overlap with gain band in the range 1.5–1.6 µm. The energy transfer efficiency from ytterbium to erbium ions was estimated. The stimulated emission and gain cross-section spectra for Er3+ ions in YGSO were calculated.
Determination of 238U Content by Gamma Radiation Emitting from 234mPa Radionuclide
Authors: Khruschinski A. , Kutsen S. , Zhukouski A. , Sugai Naoyuki , Sugai Hiroshi , Mogi Michinori
Published: April 2022

Radionuclide 238U is one of the most important radioactive elements that must be controlled in nuclear power engineering, geological exploration, control of radioactive contamination of soils and raw materials used in construction. The most optimal way to control 238U is to use the 234mPa radionuclide, the activity of which, due to its short lifetime (≈ 1.2 min), is unambiguously related to the activity of 238U even if the secular equilibrium is disturbed in the sample under study

Рossibility of use of the 234mPa nuclide gamma radiation to determine 238U with a scintillation detector in a medium containing natural radionuclides is investigated and demonstrated using the simplest examples. The proposed algorithm for determining of the 238U content is based on the Monte Carlo simulation of the detector response to the radiation of the 234mPa radionuclide at its 1001 keV energy line and subsequent processing of the experimental spectrum, including the Wiener filtering of the signal. This method makes it possible to determine the content of 238U in a continuous homogeneous medium while presence of natural radionuclides in it.

The algorithm for determining of 238U content includes several main steps. Filtering based on the Wiener algorithm allows selecting a slowly changing part of the spectrum. Results of Monte Carlo simulations make it possible to determine the detection efficiency in a limited informative region of the spectrum, which includes, along with the 1001 keV peak from the 234mPa nuclide, which is a decay product of the radionuclide 234Th, and the peak of an interfering radionuclide from the decay chain of 232Th. This part of the spectrum does not contain any other lines of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides – decay products of both thorium and uranium chains. These two peaks in the spectral region under study can be separated from each other in a medium with a typical concentration of 234Th.

Analysis of results of the activity of depleted uranium metal measuring in accordance with the proposed algorithm shows the possibility of determining of 238U content with an uncertainty of 3–5 %.
Devices and Methods for Measuring of the Ambient Air Dust. Short Review
Authors: Mukhurov N. I. , Khodin A. A. , Kim Y.-J.
Published: April 2022

The main characteristics of airborne micro/nanoparticles, their impact on human health and air quality standards are presented. International standards classify microparticles by size (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, UFP), establish maximum allowable concentrations and control methods. Particular attention is paid to carbonand virus-containing microparticles control. To monitor the air environment in enclosed spaces and in transport, the portable sensors of micro-, nanoparticles are required with the ability to classify them by size and electrophysical characteristics.

Detection of microparticles includes the sorting of particles entering the sensor by size and material type, subsequent actual detection of particles of the same kind, with subsequent classification by size, electrical and morphological characteristics. Separation of nanoand microparticles by size before detection improves the sensitivity and selectivity of the detector both in size and material. The virtual impactor and dielectrophoresis method are considered for integration in a Lab-on-Chip type sensor. Detection of microparticles is performed by separating the dispersed phase from the aerosol followed by the analysis, or directly in the air flow. The classification of detection methods according to speed and functionality is given. Among the methods allowing detection of micrometer and submicrometer size particles, the most suitable for miniaturization and serial production of Lab-on-Chip sensors are the multi-wavelength photoelectric, MEMS, and capacitor elements.

The microelectromechanics, microfluidics and microoptics technologies make it possible to create portable sensor systems of the Lab-on-Chip type to detect particulates matter of micrometer and submicrometer size. A micro-, nanoparticles detector prototype based on alumina technology using MEMS elements for a compact Lab-on-Chip type sensor is presented. The proposed design for multifunctional portable detector of airborne micro/nanoparticles is prospective for industry, transport, medicine, public and residential buildings applications.
Effectiveness Assessment of Energy-Saving System of Organized Supply and Exhaust Ventilation for Multi-Storey Buildings with Low Level Thermal Protection
Authors: Zafatayeu V. A. , Lankovich S. V. , Karaliova T. I. , Niyakovskii A. M.
Published: April 2022

By usage of the technical and economic calculation method developed by the authors for installations with recuperative-type heat exchangers, the operational modes of the centralized supply and exhaust system of organized ventilation, in which the supplying air is heated by the solar radiation heat and the heat of the air removed from the premises, have been investigated in the paper. The paper presents results of the thermal and economic efficiency assessment of such ventilation system for multi-storey buildings. A comparison of the thermal energy consumption for the needs of heating and ventilation through the use of the proposed ventilation system has been made for two variants of buildings – with the thermal protection level of enclosing structures that meets modern regulatory requirements (buildings with heat consumption up  to 130 kW×h/(m2×year)), and for a building similar in terms of planning structure, but with enclosing structures, the insulation level of which corresponds to buildings built before 1993 (buildings with heat consumption up to 260 kW×h/(m2×year)).  The temperature conditions have been determined under which it becomes necessary to turn on the operation of devices  for additional (peak) heating of the supply air, when the thermal potential of solar radiation and secondary energy resources  is  insufficient to provide the calculated temperature of the supply air. For the ventilation system under consideration, it has been  established that the thermal resistance of the building envelope influences the indicators of the thermodynamic and economic efficiency of the proposed solution. The climatic conditions under which the utilization of the exhaust air heat in the proposed ventilation system is technically justified and economically expedient have been determined. The results of the research
Optimization of Rectangular Articulated Reinforced Concrete Smooth and Ribbed Slabs Using Resource Reduction Method
Authors: Verbitskaya O. L. , Shevchuk L. I.
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the optimization problem of hinged reinforced concrete rectangular smooth and ribbed slabs. The static calculation of the slabs has been performed while using the finite element method. The model is built from rectangular finite elements containing four nodes each and having twelve degrees of freedom.  The load is presented in the form of nodal vertical forces. To take into account the nonlinearity of the deformation of reinforced concrete, the finite elements 

are taken as inhomogeneous multilayer plates. The modulus of elasticity changed according to the hyperbolic dependence. The determination of the stress-strain state has been carried out by the iterative method. For optimization, a method has been used to reduce resources for strength, stiffness, and crack opening with gradient descent along the boundary of the allowable area. The cost of the material spent on the manufacture of the slab and the volume of concrete are taken as objective functions.  Restrictions on strength, stiffness and width of cracks are set. By scanning, the boundaries of the admissible search area for the optimal solution are set; the boundary of this region has a curvilinear outline. According to the results of the calculation, the trajectories of the search for optimal solution are obtained. Examples are given and optimal solutions are found for various starting points. It has been established that for the accepted conditions of the problem, the extreme points are located near  the boundaries of the admissible region. The speed of gradient descent and the location of the starting points do not significantly affect the results. Due to the fact that the objective function can have several minima, a method is proposed to search for a global minimum by preliminary scanning and analysis of extrema values. It is confirmed that the applied method ensures  the stability of the optimal solution.
Use of Cement Granulate in Road Construction
Authors: Zinevich S. I. , Кayumov A. К. , Коvalyov D. M.
Published: April 2022

The possibility of using cement granulate, a product of processing old cement concrete and waste generated during the demolition of buildings and structures, has been studied in the construction, reconstruction and repair of highways.  The use of recycled materials in the road industry is one of the sources of saving natural raw materials. In addition, the use  of waste solves environmental problems through the disposal of old waste materials and structures. Having completed the study of cement granulate, the possibility of using it for the construction of foundations for road pavements, as well as  a substitute for crushed stone in the manufacture of concrete slabs of prefabricated coverings, has been determined. In the first case of using cement granulate, the wedge method is effective. It has been experimentally confirmed that the remains  

of cement mortar on the surface of used crushed stone contribute to its better wedging, thereby creating a more durable base layer. In order to assess the possibility of using cement granulate as a substitute for crushed stone for the manufacture  of prefabricated concrete slab, standard studies of this material were carried out, the composition of the cement concrete mixture was selected, and standard samples were manufactured and tested. The test results have shown that the use of cement granulate for such purposes is quite acceptable. In particular, the average strength of the samples in the tested batch turned  out to be 45.13 MPa and the guaranteed strength was 35.13 MPa, which corresponds to the B35 class of concrete. These  indicators demonstrate that the use of cement granulate may well be in demand in the construction and reconstruction of local roads. At present, as it is known, a program is being implemented to improve the transport and operational level of local roads, and this is about 70 thousand kilometers. And here, of course, a huge amount of road construction materials will  be required.
Study of Energy Characteristics of Multicomponent Solid Fuel Using Substandard Municipal and Industrial Waste Fuels
Authors: Pekhota A. N.
Published: April 2022

The main directions of the concept of national strategies for sustainable development are considered, taking into account the problems of energy and resource saving, as well as the need for the rational use of natural and secondary resources in many countries of the world community in order to transition to a “green” economy. An assessment of the energy potential of combustible waste that has not found technological application is given as one of the priority areas in the field of nontraditional energy. The paper presents aspects of research into obtaining and production of multicomponent solid fuels. A technology is described for briquetting wet mixtures with the addition of various binders, including various combustible wastes, in order to obtain solid fuel. The features of the fuel frame formation are given, taking into account the factors affecting the performance of the briquetting plant, as well as achieving the optimal density of the briquette. A qualitative assessment was made with respect to various ratios of the components of briquetted fuel, at which the best production and consumer indicators are achieved. The features of the preparation of materials and the technological equipment used as part of the preparation and briquetting line are considered. The practical aspects of the production, drying, use of briquetted solid fuels are outlined in the paper. The paper presents studies of the energy and physico-chemical characteristics of multicomponent fuel compositions using various research laboratory equipment and methods. The proposed algorithm for solving the problem makes it possible to rationally use substandard combustible production waste to obtain multicomponent solid fuel, while energy and environmental aspects are taken into consideration at the production stage.
Breakage Monitoring of Executive Body Cutters in Continuous Miner According to Mechanical Vibration Parameters. Part 2. Methodology for Creating a System for Mobile Monitoring of Cutter Breakages According to the Parameters of Mechanical Vibrations of the Gearbox with Natural Frequency
Authors: Sheleg V. K. , Romanovich A. S. , Konopliani I. A.
Published: April 2022

The development of research in the field of creating a mobile monitoring system for diagnosing the technical condition of mining equipment in terms of mechanical vibration parameters is one of the most science-intensive areas. The paper presents the results of investigations on the possibility of isolating the mechanical vibrations of the handles with a natural frequency  of 5 Hz, which occur with a greater or lesser amplitude in almost all registered spectra, arising from breakages  of cutters on the cutting discs of double-flow drives of the executive body of a mining machine. Therefore, it can be used for operational mobile monitoring of breakages in the cutters of the executive bodies of mining machines. An analysis of vibrations has confirmed the fact that they are transmitted to almost all non-rotating parts of the combine, where they can be registered, which allows them to be used for mobile automated monitoring of cutter breakages on cutting discs. On the example of the combine “Universal-600” it has been found that the most convenient when registering these vibrations from the standpoint of the absence of the need to introduce a signal transmission module from the rotating parts of the combine into the measuring path can be considered the placement of a vibration sensor on the body of the input gearbox of the executive body drive with its orientation in the direction combine movements, where oscillations with a frequency of  5 Hz are prevalent and it is quite simple to isolate them from the low-frequency range using standardized low-frequency one-third octave filters. The paper proposes a technique for creating a system for automated mobile monitoring of cutter breakages based on the parameters of mechanical vibrations of cutting discs with natural frequency.
Patient and treatment delays among Mexican women with breast cancer before and after the Seguro Popular
Authors: Huerta-Gutierrez Rodrigo , Murillo-Zamora Efrén , Ángeles-Llerenas Angélica , Ortega-Olvera Carolina , Torres-Mejía Gabriela
Published: April 2022

Objective. To assess whether the Catastrophic Health Expenditures Fund (FPGC, Spanish acronym) was associated with delays in seeking medical care and in starting treatment. Materials and methods. We conducted a before and after cross-sectional study. We included 266 women with breast cancer (BC) diagnosis treated during the last three years before the hospitals received the FPGC and 309 wo­men treated in the following three years after the fund was received by the accredited hospitals. Results. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found no association between the FPGC and delay in seeking medical care or between the FPGC and the treatment delay. Conclusions. The FPGC initiative reduced neither the delay in seeking breast cancer medical care for breast cancer nor the treatment delay.
Association between life-course leisure-time physical activity and prostate cancer
Authors: Vázquez-Salas Ruth Argelia , Torres-Sánchez Luisa , Galván-Portillo Marcia , López-Carrillo Lizbeth , Moreno-Macías Hortensia , Rodríguez-Covarrubias Francisco , Romero-Martínez Martín , Jiménez-Ríos Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2022

Objective. To evaluate the association between life-course leisure-time physical activity (PA) and prostate cancer (PC) among males living in Mexico City. Materials and meth­ods. Information from 394 incident PC cases and 794 popula­tion controls matched by age (± 5 years), was analyzed. Using leisure-time PA information at different life stages, life-course PA patterns were constructed. The association between PA and PC was estimated using an unconditional logistic regres­sion model. Results. Three life-course PA patterns were identified: low PA (71.0%), moderate PA (22.0%), and high PA (7.0%); this last pattern was characterized by higher levels and consistent PA practice. Compared with inactive males, those in the high PA pattern (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.26-0.93) had significantly lower PC odds. Conclusion. Intense and regular PA could reduce the possibility of PC. These results are in accordance with PA World Health Organization rec­ommendations.
Infraestructura oncológica en el Sistema de Salud Mexicano
Authors: Brau-Figueroa Hasan , Palafox-Parrilla Alejandra , Parrilla-Taylor Patricia , Mohar Alejandro
Published: April 2022

No disponible.
Capacidad de colonoscopías diagnósticas en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Manzano-Robleda María del Carmen , Espinosa-Tamez Priscilla , Potter Michael B , Hernández-Guerrero Angélica , Van Loon Katherine , Unger-Saldaña Karla
Published: April 2022

No disponible.
Escudos sociales y balas mágicas para el control de la epidemia por Covid-19 en México
Authors: Martínez-Zavala Beatriz , Hegewisch-Taylor Jennifer , Arango-Angarita Andrea , Barragán-Vázquez Sofía , Rojas-Calderón Héctor , Uribe-Carvajal Rebeca , Yañez-Santaolalla Jair , Zuñiga-Bañuelos Jorge , Venega-Aviles Evelia Yazmin , Gómez-Dantés Héctor
Published: April 2022

La pandemia por Covid-19 llegó a México en febrero de 2020. Las autoridades sanitarias promovieron medidas de prevención no farmacológicas para contrarrestar el avance de la epidemia y a finales del año se anunció la aplicación de las primeras vacunas. A nivel global y local, las vacunas marcaron un hito al erigirse como “balas mágicas”, sin em­bargo, enfrentaron diversas dificultades como la producción masiva, la logística de distribución, la efectividad, su aplicación escalonada que priorizó a grupos vulnerables, el rechazo y la baja percepción de riesgo por parte de algunos grupos de la población; por tanto, el énfasis sobre las medidas preventivas o “escudos sociales” se diluyó con el avance de la estrategia de vacunación. Este ensayo resalta la importancia de man­tener “los escudos sociales” como medidas fundamentales y complementarias a la aplicación de vacunas, puesto que, por sí solas, las “balas mágicas” presentan retos que podrían comprometer su eficacia.