bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction and Restores Fertility in a PCOS Mouse Model Through Interleukin-10
Authors: Chugh Rishi Man , Park Hang-soo , Andaloussi Abdeljabar El , Elsharoud Amro , Esfandyari Sahar , Ulin Mara , Bakir Lale , Aboalsoud Alshimaa , Ali Mohamed , Ashour Dalia , Igboeli Prosper , Ismail Nahed , McAllister Jan , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: April 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive-age women. Excessive inflammation and elevated androgen production from ovarian theca cells are key features of PCOS. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSC) and their secreted factors (secretome) exhibit robust anti-inflammatory capabilities in various biological systems. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of BM-hMSC and its secretome in both in vitro and in vivo PCOS models.Methods: For in vitro experiment, we treated conditioned media from BM-hMSC to androgen producing H293R cells, and analyzed androgen producing gene expression. For in vivo experiment, BM-hMSC were implanted into Letrozole (LTZ) induced mouse PCOS model. BM-hMSC effect in androgen producing cells or PCOS model mice was assessed by monitoring cell proliferation (immunohistochemistry), steroidogenic gene expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR] and Western blot, animal tissue assay (H&E staining), and fertility by pup delivery.Results: BM-hMSC significantly downregulate steroidogenic gene expression, curb inflammation, and restore fertility in treated PCOS animals. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) played a key role in mediating the effects of BM-hMSC in our PCOS models. We demonstrated that BM-hMSC treatment was improve in metabolic and reproductive markers in our PCOS model and able to restore fertility. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates for the first time the efficacy of intra-ovarian injection of BM-hMSC or its secretome to treat PCOS-related phenotypes, including both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. This approach may represent a novel therapeutic option for women with PCOS. Our results suggest that BM-hMSC can reverse PCOS-induced inflammation through IL-10 secretion. BM-hMSC might be a novel and robust therapeutic approach for PCOS treatment.
Bacteria Associated With Commercially Prepared Mealie Meal From Selected Food Stores in Lusaka District of Zambia
Authors: Omodele Adeyemo Dayo , Mudenda Hangombe Bernard , Muma John Bwalya , Munyeme Musso , Simuunza Martin , Abike Adewolu Mosunmola , Adedayo Adetayo
Published: April 2021

Introduction:Mealie meal is a staple diet in the Lusaka district of Zambia. Bacteria associated with commercially prepared mealie meal could be spoilage or pathogenic bacteria. Thus bacterial contamination could result from packaged maize flours purchased from food stores.Material and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2019 - March 2020 for spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with mealie meals bought from a selected retail outlet in the Lusaka district. We performed cell culture for the Mealie Meal Samples collected at five study zones in Lusaka district viz: South, Central, East, West, and North. Food stores in each zone were further stratified into sampling units of interest: mall, shop, and street food vendor. Results: Preliminary laboratory findings revealed the following: Spoilage Bacteria - Candida Species, Clostridium Species, and Bacillus Species; Pathogenic Bacteria Species-Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium tetani, Bacillus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Yersinia pestis.Conclusion:In conclusion, it can be established from the aforementioned laboratory results that food-borne infections could evolve from bacteria associated with commercially prepared mealie meals bought from food stores in the Lusaka district of Zambia.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Cold Helical Rolling of Small-Diameter Steel Balls
Authors: Liu Shengqiang , Liu Jinping , Xu Hao , Wang Zhipeng , Shen Jinxia , Wang Baoyu
Published: April 2021

Cold helical rolling (CHR) is one of the most effective ways to produce small-diameter steel balls. In this study, one kind of work hardening model was established and implemented into Simufact 15.0 to investigate the work hardening phenomenon in the cold forming process. Firstly, based on the helical rolling theory, a set of finite element (FE) simulations was developed. The influence of CHR parameters, including the starting height of convex rib, forming area length, and rolling inclination angle, on the forming process was studied via simulation. Furtherly, the CHR process experiments and FE simulation were carried out , the results showed that the FE simulation was in good agreement with the experimental results, and consistent with the predicted value of the theoretical calculation. Finally, the evolution of effective strain, effective stress, rolling force, work hardening and microstructure during the cold helical rolling of Φ 5.12 mm steel balls was investigated via FE. As result, the evolution trend of hardness was consistent with that of dislocation density, indicating that the model is credible. Besides, the microstructure of the steel ball at different positions further verified this.
WITHDRAWN: Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of Two Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance Genes From Rice Varieties
Authors: Cheng Ling , Nong Baoxuan , Xu Anlong , He Wenai , Wu Biqiu , QIU Yongfu
Published: April 2021

Background The whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) has become a significant threat to rice production. Identification of WBPH-resistant germplasm and genes can drive efforts to develop resistance varieties and effectively limit pest damage.Methods Fourteen varieties of rice were surveyed for insect resistance using tests that assessed bulk seedling growth rates, insect feeding activity (via measurements of honeydew excretion weight), and insect development (by counting the number of hatched nymphs). Two resistance varieties N22 and OB677 were crossed with susceptible line 9311 to develop mapping populations, which were applied to map the resistance genes/QTLs.Results The rice variety PTB33 showed high resistance to both brown planthopper (BPH) and WBPH, and varieties N22, RBPH327, and OB677 showed moderate resistance to WBPH. Host choice test and seedling survival rates further verified the WBPH resistance of PTB33, N22, and OB677. By using two F2 mapping populations, two major resistance genes were detected in N22 and OB677. Wbph1 was mapped on chromosome 2 of N22 in a region that harbored the markers RM13650 and RM13478. Its largest logarithm of the odds (LOD) score was 3.94, which explained a 16.6% phenotypic variation. Wbph9 was mapped on chromosome 3 of OB677, where it was flanked by markers RM3513 and RM3525. It had a LOD score of 3.4, explaining a 17.2% phenotypic variation.Conclusions Four varieties PTB33, N22, RBPH327, and OB677 showed resistance to WBPH, of which OB677 was a novel resistance germplasm; and a novel resistance gene Wbph9 was mapped on chromosome 3.
Society’s Readiness for Modern Challenges of the Insurance Market: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Didenko Iryna , Sidelnyk Natalia
Published: April 2021

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the insurance market issue. The research’s primary purpose is to identify critical vectors and trends inherent in the modern insurance market. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of development and formation of the current insurance market indicates that it is necessary to use the best countries’ experience, adapting it to the domestic market. This concerns the issues of targeted financing of investment projects, the creation of funds to support policyholders’ protection, tax benefits for long-term insurance instruments, the possibility of opening a foreign insurance market for insurance institutions. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem caused by the lack of standard definition of the concept of insurance by the academic community drives limited ability to assess the impact of insurance on social and economic aspects of society. Investigation of the topic of theoretical principles of insurance in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: analysis of the relationship between different types of insurance, analysis of publication activity in terms of years, countries, subject industries; research of keywords that occur when considering the topic of insurance. The research methods’ methodological tools were analytical tools of the Scopus database and VOSviewer software years of research 1832 – 2021. According to the international Scopus database results, the object of study is the chosen countries, regions, and universities. The paper presents empirical bibliographic analysis results, which showed that today the vast majority of research is conducted by experts from the United States and the European Union. Still, many Asian countries (China, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand), which demonstrate rapid economic development, are beginning to take a leading position among insurance research gradually. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the insurance market is an integral and important part of the financial sector as a whole. The results of the research can be useful for further scientific work.
A longitudinal investigation of cognitive functioning and its relationship to symptom severity and academic functioning in treatment seeking youth with ADHD
Authors: Tallberg Pia , Rastam Maria , Perrin Sean , Hallin Anne-Li , Gustafsson Peik
Published: April 2021

Background:

Children with ADHD tend to present with poorer cognitive functioning leaving them more vulnerable to a range of negative outcomes. To date, only a handful of longitudinal studies have examined the stability of Wechsler composite scores in children and adolescents with ADHD, and none of them used a more recent version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC), than the WISC-III.

Objective:

The present study investigates the cognitive stability and its longitudinal relationship with the severity of the child’s ADHD symptoms and school grades.

Method:

Cognitive functioning was measured with the fourth editions of the WISC-IV or the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-IV) at baseline and at a 3-4-year follow-up in children with ADHD (n = 125, mean age = 11.40 years, SD = 3.27) and a Control group of schoolchildren (n = 59, mean age = 11.97 years, SD = 2.15). The stability of cognitive functioning and the relationship between cognitive functioning, ADHD and grades were evaluated using linear mixed models and logistic regression.

Results:

Standardized composite scores of Full scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension, and Processing Speed declined between baseline and follow-up in the ADHD group. ADHD symptom scores were associated with Working Memory scores. Together, the severity of concurrent ADHD symptoms and lower scores for verbal comprehension at baseline and follow-up were associated with an increased risk of not achieving grades at follow-up in youth with ADHD.

Conclusions:

Youth with ADHD often present with cognitive impairments, not improved over time. Together these increase the risk of poorer academic outcomes. Concurrent evaluation of symptom severity and cognitive functions can add potentially useful information in terms of treatment planning, and school supports to prevent school failure.
Dual-Tasking Effects on Gait and Turning Performance of Stroke Survivors with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Tajuddin Kamaruzaman , Justine Maria , Mohd Mustafah Nadia , Latif Lydia , Manaf Haidzir
Published: April 2021

Background: Stroke survivors depend on the unaffected leg during walking and standing. The presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affecting both legs may further affect the postural balance and gait instability and increase the risk for falls in such patients. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of dual taskings on the gait and turning performance of stroke survivors with DPN.

Methods: Forty stroke survivors were recruited (20 with DPN and 20 without DPN) in this cross-sectional study design. Instrumented timed up and go (iTUG) tests were conducted in three different tasking conditions (single task, dual motor and dual cognitive). APDM® Mobility Lab system was used to capture the gait parameters during the iTUG tests. A two-way mixed analysis of variance was used to determine the main effects of gait performance on three taskings during the iTUG test.

Results: Spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning performance (turning time and turning step times) were more affected by the tasking conditions in stroke survivors with DPN compared to those without DPN (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Stroke survivors with DPN had difficulty walking while turning and performing a secondary task simultaneously.
Öğrenci Görüşlerine Göre Yükseköğretimde Kalite Göstergeleri (Kırklareli Üniversitesi Örneği)
Authors: CAN Ertuğ
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin yükseköğretimde kalite göstergelerine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada tarama modeli ve kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Kırklareli Üniversitesi meslek yüksekokullarında öğrenim gören öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise 1200 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Meraler (2011) tarafından geliştirilen “Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Yükseköğretimde Kaliteye İlişkin Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek, 51 madde ve 6 boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde aritmetik ortalama (x̄), standart sapma (ss) teknikleri ile t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, yükseköğretimdeki en önemli kalite göstergeleri “tesisler, kütüphane ve teknoloji merkezleri”, “yönetim”, “öğretme-öğrenme süreci”, “bilimsel ve sosyal etkinlikler”, “öğrenciler” ve “öğretim elemanı” şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre yükseköğretimdeki en önemli kalite göstergeleri olarak, sırasıyla şunlar belirtilmiştir; engelli öğrenciler için sunulan eğitim hizmeti, öğrencilerin memnuniyet düzeyleri, öğretim elemanlarının öğrencilere önem vermesi ve öğrenci başarılarını desteklemesi, öğretme-öğrenme süreçlerinde yeni öğretim teknolojilerinin kullanılması, öğretim elemanları ile öğrenciler arasında etkili bir iletişimin olmasıdır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, yükseköğretimde kalitenin geliştirilebilmesi için tesisler, kütüphane ve teknoloji merkezleri, yönetim, öğretme-öğrenme süreci, bilimsel ve sosyal etkinlikler, öğrenciler ile öğretim elemanı boyutunda çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Yükseköğretimde öğrenci görüşlerinin alınması ve kalite odaklı politikalar izlenmesi faydalı olabilir. Türkiye’de, yükseköğretim sistemi bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ve istihdam odaklı olarak yeniden ele alınmalıdır.
Organizational Communication Competencies of School Principals
Authors: ÖNER Nazlı Sıla , HOŞGÖRÜR Tuğba
Published: April 2021

Organizational communication is very important in terms of ensuring the coordination and information exchange between members that is necessary for the organization to achieve its goals. In addition, it has a very critical place in terms of meeting the need for socialization of people, who are social creatures, within the organization. In schools, which are organizations, organizational communication is largely under the direction of school principals who are leaders of the organization. In this study, it was aimed to determine the organizational communication competencies of school principals. Within the scope of the study, besides the opinions of the teachers about the verbal, non-verbal, written and visual communication competencies of the school principals, their opinions about their competencies in the communication process were also consulted. In the 2018-2019 academic year data from the study, in different regions of Turkey, it was collected from teachers working in schools in different types and levels. The research was designed qualitatively, and the data were collected through one-to-one interviews shaped within the framework of semi-structured questions prepared within the scope of this research. The data were collected from 40 teachers working in private and public schools. The data were analyzed using the inductive analysis technique.
Gagne’nin Öğretim Etkinlikleri Modeline Göre Hazırlanan Öğretim Yazılımının Sosyal Bilgiler Dersine Etkileri
Authors: TAŞKIRAN Cengiz , ÇAKMAK Zafer
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, Gagne’nin öğretim etkinlikleri modeline göre hazırlanan öğretim yazılımının sosyal bilgiler dersinde öğrencilerin akademik başarı ve tutumlarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ön test – son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılının bahar yarıyılında Elazığ ili merkez ilçesi bağlı bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören yedinci sınıflar üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “yaşayan demokrasi” ünitesi ile ilgili başarı testi ile sosyal bilgiler dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, deney grubundaki öğrencilere; yaşayan demokrasi ünitesindeki içerik Gagne’nin öğretim etkinlikleri modeline göre hazırlanan öğretim yazılımı ile kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere ise aynı ünite yapılandırıcı yaklaşıma uygun öğretim yöntemi ile işlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde MANCOVA uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tutum toplam puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark görülmezken, başarı testine göre Gagne’nin öğretim etkinlikleri modeline göre hazırlanan öğretim yazılımının kullanıldığı deney grubu ile mevcut öğretim yönteminin kullanıldığı kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuç Gagne’nin öğretim etkinlikleri modeline göre hazırlanan öğretim yazılımının deney grubunda başarıyı artırdığını göstermektedir. Gagne’nin öğretim etkinlikleri modeline göre hazırlanan öğretim yazılımı, sosyal bilgiler dersi yaşayan demokrasi ünitesinde öğrenci başarısının artmasına katkı sağlarken öğrencilerin derse olan tutumlarında istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir etki oluşturmamıştır.
La Urbanización y la Vivienda Vernácula en la Villa de San Antonino Castillo Velasco, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Mayorga-Hernández José Israel , Pimentel-Calvo Alejandra , Figueroa-Gil Aurea Natividad
Published: April 2021

Aspectos como el crecimiento urbano exponencial y la falta de políticas públicas congruentes para la conservación de las viviendas vernáculas, inciden de forma directa en la extinción de la vivienda vernácula en comunidades como es el caso de la Villa de San Antonino Castillo Velasco, Oaxaca, México. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar y registrar las viviendas vernáculas existentes en el sitio de estudio, para su conservación. La metodología utilizada es mixta. Como hallazgo principal se encontró un total de 1.394 viviendas de uso particular; de las cuales 156 conservan tipología vernácula de adobe. Por lo tanto, el reconocimiento y protección de los gobiernos a la vivienda vernácula, es coyuntural para legarlo a las generaciones futuras, como identidad y patrimonio integral del paisaje cultural.
Sex Differences in Electronic Health Record Navigation Strategies: Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Seifer Daniel R , Mcgrath Karess , Scholl Gretchen , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A
Published: April 2021

Background

Use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased dramatically over the past decade. Their widespread adoption has been plagued with numerous complaints about usability, with subsequent impacts on patient safety and provider well-being. Data in other fields suggest biological sex impacts basic patterns of navigation in electronic media.

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether biological sex impacted physicians’ navigational strategies while using EHRs.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a prior study where physicians were given verbal and written signout, and then, while being monitored with an eye tracker, were asked to review a simulated record in our institution’s EHR system, which contained 14 patient safety items. Afterward, the number of safety items recognized was recorded.

Results

A total of 93 physicians (female: n=46, male: n=47) participated in the study. Two gaze patterns were identified: one characterized more so by saccadic (“scanning”) eye movements and the other characterized more so by longer fixations (“staring”). Female physicians were more likely to use the scanning pattern; they had a shorter mean fixation duration (P=.005), traveled more distance per minute of screen time (P=.03), had more saccades per minute of screen time (P=.02), and had longer periods of saccadic movement (P=.03). The average proportion of time spent staring compared to scanning (the Gaze Index [GI]) across all participants was approximately 3:1. Females were more likely than males to have a GI value <3.0 (P=.003). At the extremes, males were more likely to have a GI value >5, while females were more likely to have a GI value <1. Differences in navigational strategy had no impact on task performance.

Conclusions

Females and males demonstrate fundamentally different navigational strategies while navigating the EHR. This has potentially significant impacts for usability testing in EHR training and design. Further studies are needed to determine if the detected differences in gaze patterns produce meaningful differences in cognitive load while using EHRs.
The Effect of Mixed Reality Technologies for Falls Prevention Among Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nishchyk Anna , Chen Weiqin , Pripp Are Hugo , Bergland Astrid
Published: April 2021

Background

Falling is one of the most common and serious age-related issues, and falls can significantly impair the quality of life of older adults. Approximately one-third of people over 65 experience a fall annually. Previous research has shown that physical exercise could help reduce falls among older adults and improve their health. However, older adults often find it challenging to follow and adhere to physical exercise programs. Interventions using mixed reality (MR) technology could help address these issues. MR combines artificial augmented computer-generated elements with the real world. It has frequently been used for training and rehabilitation purposes.

Objective

The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to investigate the use of the full spectrum of MR technologies for fall prevention intervention and summarize evidence of the effectiveness of this approach.

Methods

In our qualitative synthesis, we analyzed a number of features of the selected studies, including aim, type of exercise, technology used for intervention, study sample size, participant demographics and history of falls, study design, involvement of health professionals or caregivers, duration and frequency of the intervention, study outcome measures, and results of the study. To systematically assess the results of the selected studies and identify the common effect of MR interventions, a meta-analysis was performed.

Results

Seven databases were searched, and the initial search yielded 5838 results. With the considered inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 12 were included in meta-analysis. The majority of studies demonstrated a positive effect of an MR intervention on fall risk factors among older participants. The meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in Berg Balance Scale score between the intervention and control groups (ES: 0.564; 95% CI 0.246-0.882; P<.001) with heterogeneity statistics of I2=54.9% and Q=17.74 (P=.02), and a statistical difference in Timed Up and Go test scores between the intervention and control groups (ES: 0.318; 95% CI 0.025-0.662; P<.001) with heterogeneity statistics of I2=77.6% and Q=44.63 (P<.001). The corresponding funnel plot and the Egger test for small-study effects (P=.76 and P=.11 for Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go, respectively) indicate that a minor publication bias in the studies might be present in the Berg Balance Scale results.

Conclusions

The literature review and meta-analysis demonstrate that the use of MR interventions can have a positive effect on physical functions in the elderly. MR has the potential to help older users perform physical exercises that could improve their health conditions. However, more research on the effect of MR fall prevention interventions should be conducted with special focus given to MR usability issues.
Challenges and Considerations for Reducing Diabetes Distress and Fear of Hypoglycemia in Parents of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Monzon Alexandra , Kahhan Nicole , Marker Arwen , Patton Susana
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Type 1 diabetes management can be challenging for children and their families. To address psychosocial concerns for parents of youth with type 1 diabetes, we developed two parent-focused interventions to reduce their diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia. Our team conducted several of these interventions during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and recognized a need to make timely adjustments to our interventions. In this viewpoint article, we describe our experience conducting these manualized treatment groups during the pandemic, the range of challenges and concerns specific to COVID-19 that parents expressed, and how we adjusted our approach to better address parents’ treatment needs.
Machine Learning Models for Image-Based Diagnosis and Prognosis of COVID-19: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Montazeri Mahdieh , ZahediNasab Roxana , Farahani Ali , Mohseni Hadis , Ghasemian Fahimeh
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Accurate and timely diagnosis and effective prognosis of the disease is important to provide the best possible care for patients with COVID-19 and reduce the burden on the health care system. Machine learning methods can play a vital role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 by processing chest x-ray images.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to summarize information on the use of intelligent models for the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 to help with early and timely diagnosis, minimize prolonged diagnosis, and improve overall health care.

METHODS

A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE, ProQuest, Scopus, bioRxiv, and medRxiv, was performed for COVID-19–related studies published up to May 24, 2020. This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. All original research articles describing the application of image processing for the prediction and diagnosis of COVID-19 were considered in the analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed the published papers to determine eligibility for inclusion in the analysis. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.

RESULTS

Of the 629 articles retrieved, 44 articles were included. We identified 4 prognosis models for calculating prediction of disease severity and estimation of confinement time for individual patients, and 40 diagnostic models for detecting COVID-19 from normal or other pneumonias. Most included studies used deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks, which have been widely used as a classification algorithm. The most frequently reported predictors of prognosis in patients with COVID-19 included age, computed tomography data, gender, comorbidities, symptoms, and laboratory findings. Deep convolutional neural networks obtained better results compared with non–neural network–based methods. Moreover, all of the models were found to be at high risk of bias due to the lack of information about the study population, intended groups, and inappropriate reporting.

CONCLUSIONS

Machine learning models used for the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 showed excellent discriminative performance. However, these models were at high risk of bias, because of various reasons such as inadequate information about study participants, randomization process, and the lack of external validation, which may have resulted in the optimistic reporting of these models. Hence, our findings do not recommend any of the current models to be used in practice for the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19.
The Role of Machine Learning in Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Jan Zainab , AI-Ansari Noor , Mousa Osama , Abd-alrazaq Alaa , Ahmed Arfan , Alam Tanvir , Househ Mowafa
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Bipolar disorder (BD) is the 10th most common cause of frailty in young individuals and has triggered morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with BD have a life expectancy 9 to 17 years lower than that of normal people. BD is a predominant mental disorder, but it can be misdiagnosed as depressive disorder, which leads to difficulties in treating affected patients. Approximately 60% of patients with BD are treated for depression. However, machine learning provides advanced skills and techniques for better diagnosis of BD.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to explore the machine learning algorithms used for the detection and diagnosis of bipolar disorder and its subtypes.

METHODS

The study protocol adopted the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We explored 3 databases, namely Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. To enhance the search, we performed backward screening of all the references of the included studies. Based on the predefined selection criteria, 2 levels of screening were performed: title and abstract review, and full review of the articles that met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed independently by all investigators. To synthesize the extracted data, a narrative synthesis approach was followed.

RESULTS

We retrieved 573 potential articles were from the 3 databases. After preprocessing and screening, only 33 articles that met our inclusion criteria were identified. The most commonly used data belonged to the clinical category (19, 58%). We identified different machine learning models used in the selected studies, including classification models (18, 55%), regression models (5, 16%), model-based clustering methods (2, 6%), natural language processing (1, 3%), clustering algorithms (1, 3%), and deep learning–based models (3, 9%). Magnetic resonance imaging data were most commonly used for classifying bipolar patients compared to other groups (11, 34%), whereas microarray expression data sets and genomic data were the least commonly used. The maximum ratio of accuracy was 98%, whereas the minimum accuracy range was 64%.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review provides an overview of recent studies based on machine learning models used to diagnose patients with BD regardless of their demographics or if they were compared to patients with psychiatric diagnoses. Further research can be conducted to provide clinical decision support in the health industry.
Changes in compliance to personal preventive measures and mental health status among Chinese factory workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: observational prospective cohort study (Preprint)
Authors: Yuan Jinqiu , Cao Bolin , Zhang Changhua , Xin Meiqi , Fang Yuan , Chen Yaoxi , Huang Dongfeng , Li Lifang , Xuan Xujun , Zhang Gengpeng , Pan Yihang , He Yulong , Wang Zixin
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Factory workers who resumed work during the pandemic is a sub-population of higher risk of COVID-19 infection than that of the general population. Maintaining good compliance with personal preventive measures during the pandemic plays an important role in achieving the balance between COVID-19 control and work resumption.

OBJECTIVE

This observational prospective cohort study investigated the changes in compliance to personal preventive measures (i.e., facemask wearing, hand hygiene, household disinfection, avoiding social/meal gathering and avoiding crowed places), depressive symptoms and sleep quality among factory workers who resumed work within a 3-month follow-up period.

METHODS

Inclusion criteria for this cohort study were the following: 1) full-time employees aged ≥18 years who had resumed work, and 2) willing to leave contacts (mobile or social media account) to complete the follow-up survey. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was used. We randomly selected 12 factories in Shenzhen. And all eligible employees in these factories were invite to complete two web-based surveys three months apart. A total of 1311 Chinese adult factory workers completed the baseline survey in March 2020, and 663 (50.6%) completed the follow-up survey three months later.

RESULTS

Significant decline was observed in consistent facemask wearing in workplace (from 98.0% at baseline to 90.3% at Month 3, P<.001) and in other public spaces (from 97.1% at baseline to 94.4% at Month 3, P=.02), sanitizing hands (from 70.9% at baseline to 48.0% at Month 3, P<.001), household disinfection (from 47.7% at baseline to 37.9% at Month 3, P<.001) and moderate-to-severe depression (from 6.0% at baseline to 0.6% at Month 3, P<.001) over the follow-up period. Significant improvement in avoiding crowed places (from 69.8% at baseline to 77.4% at Month 3, P=.002) and sleep quality (proportion of participants reporting poor sleeping quality dropped from 3.9% at baseline to 1.2% at Month 3, P=.002) was also observed.

CONCLUSIONS

There were significant decline in some personal preventive measures and significant improvement in mental health status among a cohort of Chinese factory workers who resumed work during COVID-19. Health promotion are needed to maintain good compliance to personal preventive measures. Psychological support for workers during work resumption is necessary.
Regreso a una teoría formal del deber jurídico en el ámbito de la omisión impropia
Authors: Rojas Aguirre Luis Emilio
Published: April 2021

On the basis of an approach that requires the need to get back to a reformulated version of the old formal legal duty theory, the paper addresses the question of whether “assumption of responsibility” and “the duty to remove a danger” can constitute a formal source in the sense of that theory. From this premise, it follows, that both constitute different cases. Since it is assumed, factually, that there is an activity of protection or surveillance positively directed to prevent the result. The question that arises concerning the assumption of responsibility is whether due to this factual circumstance there is a legal duty to prevent the result. Instead, the duty to remove a danger, albeit similar, is structurally different. In this case the prior action is not directed to prevent the result but, on the contrary, it causes the danger that then threatens to be realized in the result. The question here is whether a legal duty, positively directed to prevent the result, can arise from the prior action.
Sobre la capacidad de acción visual de los modelos de fabricación
Authors: Bauer Frank
Published: April 2021

Al asumir que los rápidamente cambiantes acciones y medios de fabricación digital apenas están comenzando a hacerse sentir en las investigaciones transdisciplinarias, la innovación puede surgir fuera de lógicas de eficiencia y optimización. Con el antecedente de una investigación en técnicas culturales sobre la construcción del dibujo y la autoría distribuida, este artículo propone leer los modelos de fabricación a través de la noción de "acto de imagen" proveniente de la historia del arte. A partir de un acercamiento al potencial visual y al poder sugestivo de este tema –bastante dispar–, se sugiere que los autores presten renovada atención a las condiciones subyacentes de sus prácticas, a las relaciones correctivas entre lo físico y lo digital y a las nociones de brillantez e incertidumbre. Esto se concibe como una exploración tentativa sobre la base ontológica de los flujos de trabajo digitales, que eventualmente intenta cambiar el discurso sobre CAD/CAM y llevarlo del espacio de la "posibilidad" al de la "restricción." 
El culto al aire libre: las iglesias de las ciudades de vacaciones de Educación y Descanso en España
Authors: Carcelén González Ricardo
Published: April 2021

A mediados del siglo XX en España, la Obra Sindical de Educación y Descanso del régimen franquista asumió el difícil reto de organizar el reposo y el veraneo de los trabajadores del país, y con ello, el de garantizar las obligaciones del culto cristiano durante los meses estivales. En este trabajo se presentan las iglesias de las ciudades de vacaciones que se ejecutaron en diferentes puntos del país, y se analizan a detalle las estrategias proyectuales dirigidas a posibilitar su uso desde el exterior. 
La cuarta edad de la arquitectura
Authors: Alvarado Magallanes Óscar
Published: April 2021

La digitalidad nos permite construir realidades que nos dotan de la posibilidad de experimentar arquitecturas que serían imposibles de construir desde nuestras limitaciones físicas. ¿Por qué contener el uso de las herramientas digitales en las universidades sólo al fin más práctico de la arquitectura? En este ensayo nos dedicaremos a examinar las potencialidades de la arquitectura virtual para el desarrollo de proyectos diferentes a las metas más convencionales. 
Instrumentalities of an Eternal Baroque: proyectar, (ex)tender, transformar, (en) rollar y oscilar
Authors: Mansure Adil , Luarasi Skender
Published: April 2021

Este artículo explora la exposición Instrumentalities of an Eternal Baroque. El enfoque es la exposición como medio para investigar la historia del arte en nuestra era digital, a través de la curaduría, la creación y el dibujo. No sólo varios de los artefactos exhibidos se produjeron digitalmente, sino que muchos (tanto analógicos como digitales) también sirvieron para ubicar la prehistoria del diseño digital. A través de cinco instrumentalidades: proyectar, (ex)tender, transformar, (en)rollar y oscilar, seleccionamos dos categorías de artefactos, los dibujos originales –principalmente los de San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane de Francesco Borromini– e instrumentos analíticos como animaciones, modelos, dibujos y fotografías de artefactos arquitectónicos a lo largo de la historia. Con la sospecha de un tecnorracionalismo digital en constante superación, estos instrumentos son reinterpretaciones y reformulaciones de "lo digital" en sí mismo a través de una arqueología de la historia de la arquitectura. 
Surface Energy Balance model for high-altitude glacial system at 19°N on Glaciar Norte, Mexico
Authors: Ontiveros-González Guillermo , Delgado-Granados Hugo , Cortés-Ramos Jorge
Published: April 2021

The glaciers of Mexico are very small ice bodies located on top of the highest mountains of Mexico. They represent a natural gauge for the climatic changes at the 19ÂºN latitude where no other ice bodies are located around the world. Glaciar Norte glacier on Citlaltépetl Volcano, Mexico, has been retreating in a huge scale, just like other glaciers close to the tropics. Following the current trend of the small glaciers around the world, this glacier will probably disappear before mid-century and with its disappearance an important climatic gauge at this latitude will be gone. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors influencing the retreat and eventual demise of the glaciers. This study focuses on the analysis of the energy fluxes of Glaciar Norte’s surface on the northern flank of Citlaltépetl Volcano, Mexico. From this, it was calculated the energy balance for a single point on the glacier surface. Here, the glacio-meteorological study is described using data from automatic weather stations installed at >5100 masl with the energy balance model developed from this data. The results suggest that net radiation is the main component responsible for the retreat of Mexican glaciers since this parameter controls the energy balance variability. This situation was compared to the energy balance regime present on other tropical and mid-latitude glaciers and it was possible to establish a first approximation of the energy balance regime on glaciers near 19N latitude based on energy balance variability.
Evidencia de estructura y consistencia interna del Inventario de Riesgo Suicida en Adolescentes (IRISA) uruguayos
Authors: Machado Ana Inés , Bobbio Antonella , Arbach Karin , Parra Alfredo , Riestra Claudia , Hernández-Cervantes Quetzalcoátl
Published: April 2021

Uruguay ha registrado un incremento del 40 % en los suicidios durante los últimos 15 años; el 17 % de quienes cometen estas conductas son adolescentes. Ante la importancia de contar con instrumentos adecuados para valorar y manejar el riesgo suicida en esta etapa, el presente estudio analiza algunas propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Riesgo Suicida para Adolescentes (IRISA). A una muestra de 447 estudiantes uruguayos, con un rango de edad de entre 12 y 18 años (M=15.06; DE=1.84), se les administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el IRISA. El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró la dimensionalidad de la escala, los adecuados índices de fiabilidad y las correlaciones esperables intra-subescalas. Se concluye que el IRISA muestra propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, por lo que constituye una herramienta útil para la identificación de aquellos adolescentes en riesgo suicida y su uso extensivo en los servicios de atención primaria de la salud podría resultar prometedor.
SEEING THE BELLY DANCE AS A FEMINIST POSSIBILITY: GAZE, GENDER AND PUBLIC SPACE IN ISTANBUL
Authors: Egrikavuk Isil
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the ancient form of belly dance as an example to speak more in depth about the public spaces of Istanbul, where the female body is constantly under surveillance by the male gaze. Over thousands of years, the ancient dance form of belly dance has been transformed from a collective women’s ritual to a form of entertainment that serves the male gaze. This paper looks for the possibilities tore-define belly dance as a feminist counter strategy to revive its essence. Framed by the Muted Group Theory, this paper also exemplifies various artworks and strategies produced by female artists and analyze them in the light of this theory. It also searches for redefining the belly dance as part of a feminist identity and asks whether these artistic strategies could be pathways in re-defining belly dance as a feminist practice. KeywordsFeminism. Public Space. Belly Dance. Muted Group. Gender.
Pathogens co-transported with invasive non-native aquatic species: implications for risk analysis and legislation
Authors: Foster Rachel , Peeler Edmund , Bojko Jamie , Clark Paul F. , Morritt David , Roy Helen E. , Stebbing Paul , Tidbury Hannah , Wood Louisa , Bass David
Published: April 2021

Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can co-transport externally and
internally other organisms including viruses, bacteria and other
eukaryotes (including metazoan parasites), collectively referred to as
the symbiome. These symbiotic organisms include pathogens, a small
minority of which are subject to surveillance and regulatory control,
but most of which are currently unscrutinised and/or unknown. The
(putatively) pathogenic symbionts co-transported by an INNS host may be
latent or associated with asymptomatic infection and unable to cause
disease in the INNS, but may be opportunistic pathogens of other hosts,
causing impact to one or more hosts in their new range. These pathogens
potentially pose diverse risks to other species, with implications for
increased epidemiological risk to agriculture and aquaculture,
wildlife/ecosystems, and human health (zoonotic diseases). Aquatic INNS
and their symbionts have many introduction pathways, including commodity
and trade (releases, escapes, contaminant), transport (stowaway), and
dispersal (corridor, unaided). The risks and impacts arising from
co-transported pathogens, including other symbionts of unknown
pathogenic virulence, remain largely unexplored, unlegislated, and
difficult to identify and quantify. Here, we propose a workflow to
determine any known and potential pathogens of aquatic INNS. This
workflow acts as a prerequisite for assessing the nature and risk posed
by co-transported symbionts of INNS. A better understanding of
co-transported organisms, the risks they pose and their impact, is
necessary to inform policy and INNS risk assessments. This leap in
evidence will be instrumental to devise an appropriate set of statutory
responsibilities with respect to these symbionts, and to underpin new
and more effective legislative processes relating to the disease
screening and risk assessment of INNS.
Editorial v. 25, n. esp. 1, mar. 2021 - Educação e pesquisa
Authors: Lemes Sebastião de Souza , Santos Cruz José Anderson , Machado Moreira Flávio Henrique
Published: April 2021

Em um mundo limitado pela pandemia do Coronavírus, os já monumentais desafios enfrentados pela educação são ampliados, confrontando uma nova realidade, a realidade virtual, e ainda assim, sem renunciar à diversidade e ao ensino humano e humanizador. Pois, para se existir em um novo contexto, cada vez mais permeado pela velocidade e dinamismo do digital sempre transbordante de informações, em que o respeito à diversidade é cada vez mais desafiado, não apenas a capacidade de adentrar este mundo, mas de compreendê-lo e interagir com ele se torna necessária.
Developing and evaluating professional competences of students specializing in pedagogy
Authors: Gilmutdinova Aigul Raisovna , Nizamieva Liliya Rafhatovna , Nazarova Gulnara Ilsurovna , Porshneva Elena Rafaelevna
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of developing professional competences of future teachers of foreign languages during the pedagogical internship while studying at the university. In connection with a constant rise in qualification requirements for the teaching staff of educational institutions of various levels, it is necessary to develop an efficient model for training future specialists in the educational field, enabling high-quality training for the sound solution of modern professional problems. The main professional educational program is focused not only on the quality and volume of acquired knowledge, skills and abilities, but also the level of competency development. All educational disciplines are aimed at developing both general and professional competences; however, it is the pedagogical internship organized during the study at the university that allows evaluating the level of their development in the context of professional activity, to identify possible gaps in professional and pedagogical knowledge, skills and abilities, to identify ways to overcome them. The aim of the research is to develop an efficient model for building professional competences of future specialists in the field of teaching foreign languages during pedagogical internship. The study revealed that such a model should include determining the aims of internship, developing its work program containing all the necessary information about the internship, holding an introductory conference with students, a detailed analysis of all the points of an intern’s individual assignment, explaining the requirements for reporting documentation, methodological support and controlling students during the internship, stocktaking exercise with a clear assessment procedure. The key indicator of the success of pedagogical internship is the level of development of professional competences of future specialists.