bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Urban Fabric of Cairo: Khayamiya and the Suradeq
Authors: Bowker Sam
Published: July 2014

Khayamiya, or Egyptian tentmaker appliqué, is a distinctly Egyptian architectural tradition that has been ignored by most architects. The vibrant ornamental qualities of this art form are slowly gaining recognition by designers from other fields, such as fashion, interior design, visual art and textile crafts, but it remains inexplicable that such an intensely visual aspect of Egyptian vernacular culture is not highly regarded, or even widely considered, as a national design icon of Egypt. This article will present an overview of khayamiya as a distinctly Egyptian architectural textile. The suradeq, or khayamiya pavilion / street tent, is the exemplar par excellence of this rich and complex art form. Recent developments in technology and reorientations towards international audiences have changed the work of the tentmakers of Cairo, veering away from architecture, towards contemporary art. These changes both threaten and encourage the survival of khayamiya as an important Egyptian living heritage. There is a great deal yet to be contributed to contemporary Islamic architecture and design by those who can reassess the endangered art of khayamiya within its original architectural context: the suradeq.
Book Reviews
Authors: Keshani Hussein , de Miranda Adriana , Matteson Matthew Benjamin , Sara Wolper Ethel , Tabbaa Yasser
Published: July 2014

The Art and Architecture of Twelver Shi’ism: Iraq, Iran and the Indian Sub-Continent, James W. Allan (2012) London: Azimuth Editions, 174 pp., 26 illus., 96 colour plates ISBN 9781848851689, $60.00 (hardback)

The Art and Material Culture of Iranian Shi’ism: Iconography and Religious Devotion in Shi’i Islam, Pedram Khosronejad (Ed.) (2012) London: I.B. Taurus, 284 pp., 105 b/w illus., 17 colour plates ISBN 9781848851689, $100.00 (hardback)

Damascene ‘Ajami Rooms: Forgotten Jewels of Interior Design, Anke Scharrahs (2013) London: Archetype Publications Ltd, xvi + 311 pp., 525 b/w illus., ISBN 9781904982661, $45.00 (paperback)

Postmodernizm Jest Prawie W Porządku: Polska Architektura Po Socjalistycznej Globalizacji / Postmodernism is Almost all Right: Polish Architecture After Socialist Globalization, Łukasz Stanek (2012) Warsaw: Fundacja Nowej Kultury Bęc Zmiana (in association with the Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw), 95 pp., 127 illus., 55 plates, ISBN 9788362418145, $45.00 (paperback)

Architecture and Hagiography in the Ottoman Empire: The Politics of Bektashi Shrines in the Classical Age, Zeynep Yürekli (2012) Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 199 pp., 56 b/w illus., ISBN 9781409411062, $119.95 (hardback)

Les Lions En Pierre Sculptée Chez Les Bakhtiari: Description Et Significations De Sculptures Zoomorphes Dans Une Société Tribale Du Sud-Ouest De L’iran, Pedram Khosronejad (2013) Canon Pyon, UK: Sean Kingston Publishing, 260 pp., numerous tables, line drawings, halftones and colour illustrations, ISBN 9781907774225, $250.00 (hardback)
Exhibition and Conference Pre´cis
Authors: Rogers Sarah , Firouzeh Peyvand
Published: July 2014

‘Regional Vis-À-Vis Global Discourses: Contemporary art From the Middle East’, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, United Kingdom, July 5–6, 2013

‘Orientality: Cultural Orientalism and Mentality’, Pembroke College, Cambridge, United Kingdom, May 17–18, 2013
The headless woman in contemporary Chinese art
Authors: Pittwood Linda
Published: July 2014

In this article, selected works by four Chinese artists who emerged towards the end of the twentieth century are examined. The works have in common the motif of the headless woman. This motif is explored within the historical timeframe in which they have lived, trained, emerged as professional artists and produced these works; investigated in relation to the artists’ contact with the work of European and American artists using the same motif; considered in the context of the lives of women in the PRC following the end of the Cultural Revolution, and in relation to ideas about individualism and collectivism (and particularly the move from one to the other) in China.
Rethinking and practices within the art system: The self-organization of contemporary art in China, 2001–2012
Authors: Dong Bao
Published: July 2014

This article discusses the characteristics and background of the phenomenon of self-organized collectives formed by the younger generation of Chinese artists after the year 2000. First, this article traces the origin of the term ‘self-organization’ in the context of contemporary Chinese art. Second, four categories – art communities, art groups, independent projects and autonomous institutions – are employed to analyse these self-organizational practices. The article then offers specific examples of these self-organizational practices under various different conditions, demonstrating that the strategic responses and aims of self-organizations vary with their contexts. Lastly, the article demonstrates that these self-organizations differ fundamentally from the collective practices of the previous generation of artists, and that the cause of this change was the establishment and consolidation of an institutionalized contemporary Chinese art scene. From this angle, the self-organizational practices of young artists today constitute a rethinking of, and critique against, this new institutionalized system.
The voice, body and ventriloquism of Marisol in Tómbola (Lucía, 1962)
Authors: Hogan Erin K.
Published: July 2014

Child star Marisol’s (Pepa Flores) third film, Tómbola (Lucía, 1962), is a retelling of Aesop’s ‘The Boy Who Cried Wolf’ with a sinister subtext that reveals Francoism’s political use of children and the biography of the niña prodigio. Interpreting the character of the ventriloquist kidnapper in Lucía’s film, this article explores ventriloquism as a metaphor of power and the appropriation of the child’s voice, body and subjectivity. Tómbola and Marisol epitomize the greater biopolitics of Franco’s regime as they champion and suffer, respectively, the child’s curbed and directed vocality. This counter-hegemonic reading of the Spanish popular film focuses on how the feature exposes its own biopolitical machinations and, in doing so, dramatizes and reveals the nefarious indoctrination of children by a regime that prescribed child abduction for re-education.
Book Reviews
Authors: Delgado Humberto , Falicov Tamara L. , Page Joanna
Published: July 2014

Cine, Género y Jóvenes: El Cine Mexicano Contemporáneo y Su Audiencia Tapatía, Patricia Torres San Martín (2011) University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico. Collection of the Center for Gender Studies, 230 pp., ISBN: 9978-60-450-404-0, Paperback, $34.95

Themes in Latin American cinema, Keith John Richards (2011) Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 232 pp., ISBN: 978-0-7864-3538-8, Paperback, $40.00

New trends in Argentine and Brazilian cinema, Cacilda Rêgo and Carolina Rocha (eds) (2011) Chicago: Intellect, The University of Chicago Press (274 pp.), ISBN 978-1-84150-375-2, Paperback, $35
A late example of the españolada: Carlos Serrano de Osma’s La rosa roja (The Red Rose, 1960)
Authors: Aranzubia Asier
Published: July 2014

Carlos Serrano de Osma is one of the more unclassifiable Spanish film-makers from the Francoist era. His troubles with censorship, critics and post-Civil War Spanish audiences forced him into retirement in 1960 when he had only directed eight films. In the following decades, his work hardly stirred the interest of film historians. In recent years, however, academic interest has grown. This article analyses the last of his films from a historic and textual perspective. Even if La rosa roja/The Red Rose (1960) is apparently a fairly conventional film, its numerous interesting features render it one of the more attractive and singular films in its genre: the españolada.
Narrativas del deseo y locas del desván: Una aproximación a Lola Salvador como autora televisiva durante la Transición
Authors: Pérez Natalia Martínez
Published: July 2014

This article examines the career of the Spanish writer Lola Salvador, also known as ‘Salvador Maldonado’, popular for her work in films like El crimen de Cuenca/The Cuenca Crime (Miró, 1979) and Las bicicletas son para el verano/Bicycles Are for the Summer (Chávarri, 1984). The aim is to analyse her scripts for Televisión Española during the 1970s. The recovery of these works, which have been forgotten, allows us not only to analyse the beginnings of literary adaptations on television, but also to consider the history of television in Spain and its pedagogical role during the Transition. In this regard, it is relevant to reflect on the incorporation of women as creators, who rose to prominence in Spanish television at this time. By focusing on the analysis of the dramas, this article argues that Lola Salvador is a television auteur whose plots and representations of gender reflect the political and social transformations that took place during the Spanish Transition.
Hispanic cinema and the aesthetics of deceleration: Festival report
Authors: Spitta Silvia
Published: July 2014

As in past years, the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival continued highlighting Spanish and Latin American cinema. Many of these films were characterized by their slowness or the ‘cinema of deceleration’ (Gemünden). Prominent proponents of this new aesthetic are Sebastián Lelio’s film Gloria (for which Paulina García won the Silver Bear), Neus Ballús’ first feature length semi-documentary La plaga, Ana Guevara Pose’s and Leticia Jorge Romero’s Tanta agua and Isabel Coixet’s slow-moving, science fiction Ayer no termina nunca, among many others. Of particular note was the workshop given by Argentine Lucrecia Martel.
Book Reviews
Authors: Dapena Gerard , Cerdán Josetxo , Noble Fiona , Thornton Niamh
Published: July 2014

New mythological figures in Spanish cinema: Dissident bodies under Franco, Pietsie Feenstra (2011) Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press, 325 pp., ISBN: 978-9089643049, Paperback, $45.00

Visual synergies in fiction and documentary film from Latin America, Miriam Haddu and Joanna Page (eds) (2009) Palgrave Macmillan: New York, 272 pp., ISBN: 978-0-230-60638-8, Hardback, $105.00

The war that won’t die: The Spanish Civil War in cinema, David Archibald (2012) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 210 pp., ISBN: 978 0 7190 7808 8, Hardback, £60

Emilio Fernández: Pictures in the margins, Dolores Tierney (2012) Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 198 pp., ISBN: 978-0-7190-8844-5, Paperback, £14.99
Sound and space in La hora de los hornos/The Hour of the Furnaces
Authors: Epplin Craig
Published: July 2014

This article offers a detailed reading of the connections between sound and space in the 1968 film La hora de los hornos/The Hour of the Furnaces. Extant explorations of sound in this film tend to highlight the strategies of juxtaposition and commentary on the image track. Building on this scholarship, I propose that three uses of sound in particular – the narrative voice-over, dissonance with the image, and semi-diegetic music – correspond to the spatial imperatives of the film: its desire to forge alliances among disparate groups scattered throughout national and international space. This strategy is coherent with the express desire for the filmic experience to become a militant act, an intervention in the class war of 1960s Argentina. I conclude by positing that sonic elements together present an alternative to the vision-centric bias of critiques of late capitalism’s dawn, something The Hour of the Furnaces shares with other representative films of same period in Latin America. Finally, I suggest that the analysis of sound in this film they highlights the sensorially embedded character of all filmic experience.
Imagined continuities: The story of El Cid as a post-9/11 War on Terror narrative in Filmax/José Pozo’s animated feature film El Cid. La Leyenda
Authors: López Daniel Ares
Published: July 2014

This article analyzes the Spanish-produced and internationally distributed animation film El Cid: The Legend (Pozo 2003) in its pedagogical and ideological dimensions as a medievalist Disney-type genre animation film within the post-9/11 global sociopolitical and media context. Pozo re-signifies the story of El Cid by merging two narratives and temporalities. On one level, the film constructs a narrative about medieval Iberia that incorporates progressive ideas about multicultural convivencia along with more traditionalist views of the Kingdom of Castile as the heroic re-civilizing agent of the Reconquista. The film also includes a Manichean narrative based on the post-Cold War media discourse-narrative of the War on Terror. In this manner, El Cid participates in a process of construction and pedagogical dissemination of a Spanish/western ideological ‘common sense’ that generates particular ways of conceiving and narrating the West’s relation with the Islamic world. This common sense combines liberal-humanist notions of multi-ethnic coexistence with neo-Orientalist imaginaries.
A poetic cine urgente: Experimentalism and revolution in Santiago Álvarez’s documentary films
Authors: D’Argenio Maria Chiara
Published: July 2014

This article proposes that the ‘poetic’ be conceived as an interpretative category for Santiago Álvarez’s film experimentalism. The poetic nature of Álvarez’s cinema includes the use of poems, metaphors, songs, still photography and found footage and a ‘poetic’ approach to documentary, characterized by non-discursive forms such as music, the absence of conventional narration and narrative forms, a dynamic editing of visual and aural associations and juxtapositions, and an emphasis on the film’s rhythm. By analysing these patterns in films made between 1965 and 1970 and by discussing the concepts of urgency, empathy and performativity, I argue that Álvarez’s experimentalism aims to create a new type of critical and revolutionary public. In this sense, he supports and follows the official cultural policy of the Revolution and the politics of other cultural practices, such as revolutionary poetry and Cuban posters. The poetic nature of his films is, however, ambivalent since it coexists with what can be seen as the anti-poetic par excellence: the narrative.
Nadaísmo on film: Violence, originality and the archive in Paraíso (2006)
Authors: Wood David M. J.
Published: July 2014

The experimental film Paraíso (Felipe Guerrero, Colombia, 2006) adapts and translates through time and media the work of the 1950s–1960s countercultural and vanguard literary movement of nadaísmo, specifically the verse of nadaísta poet Jaime Jaramillo Escobar. Merging contemporary images filmed in a now-obsolete super-8mm format with archive footage evoking Colombia’s past, Paraíso takes up nadaísmo’s critical poetics forged in the long wake of the Bogotazo of 1948, and places them in dialogue with the variously violent and utopian actions and discourses of twenty-first century Colombia. As well as suggesting temporal and topographical compression, the film’s juxtaposition of visual and audiovisual modes, gauges, formats and colour-schemes renders in film form Jaramillo’s call for poetic language to be ‘supple, slippery, undulating’. Visual and written poetics thus combine to undermine the fixity of thought that engenders violence at distinct historical junctures. At the same time, they hint, with profound ambiguity, at the possibility of imagining Colombia as the ‘paradise’ of the film’s title.
Contra la museificación del mundo: La orilla que se abisma (2008) y La casa (2012) de Gustavo Fontán
Authors: Martins Laura M.
Published: July 2014

Argentine director Gustavo Fontán has been able to make subtle, intelligent bridges between film and poetry. This essay explores the ways this dialogue has been achieved in two of his recent films: La orilla que se abisma (2008) and La casa (2012). The first one focuses on Juan L. Ortiz’s poems. Fontán seems to know how to ‘translate’ Ortiz’s poetic world into images based on the notion that poetry is vision, a febrile state of our sensitivity during which we can see things that are impossible to see while we pass through other states of mind. The second film shows a house that tells its own story in a very poetic way. The house itself seems to register – from its own point of view – how it is being dismantled and destroyed. Fontán has created an atmosphere close to the oneiric state, an atmosphere where past images copulate with the present, where what it is gone still lives within the current ruins.
Análisis paralelo entre e-turismo y e-gobierno: evolución y tendencias
Authors: Desplas Nathalie , Mao Martha
Published: July 2014

Los rápidos desarrollos de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) y la expansión de Internet han transformado las relaciones de los consumidores con las empresas oferentes así como las de los ciudadanos con su gobierno. En los últimos 30 años, los países reconocidos como los mayores receptores y emisores de turismo las han utilizado para su posicionamiento. Hoy en día, tanto los países emergentes como los industrializados pretenden encontrar en su uso, la solución a la atracción de turistas y la promoción de su destino. Además, las estructuras completas de los sectores de bienes y servicios se han visto revolucionadas a nivel global por una interacción completamente novedosa entre los agentes involucrados (Porter,2001; Buhalis et al., 2003; Buhalis, 2008). Por su parte, la construcción del gobierno electrónico requiere del sector privado soluciones técnicas, de desarrollo e implementación. Ambos sectores, turismo y gobierno, enfrentan retos y cambios de paradigma generados por el avance en el uso de las TICs por parte de consumidores y ciudadanos. El presente estudio presenta una perspectiva general de los principales aspectos que caracterizan el e-turismo y el e-gobierno a partir de una investigación exploratoria de la literatura especializada de la definición de los términos, su evolución, tendencias y beneficios para los consumidores y ciudadanos.
Modelo teórico-metodológico para el estudio del turismo armónico y el desarrollo local
Authors: Palmas Castrejón Yanelli Daniela , Serrano-Barquín Rocío Del Carmen , Gutiérrez Cedillo Jesús Gastón , Cruz Jiménez Graciela , Favila Cisneros Héctor
Published: July 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una Propuesta Teórico-Metodológica que permita analizar y gestionar el turismo armónico como alternativa para el desarrollo local sustentable. Como fundamento teórico de esta propuesta se discute la Teoría de Sistemas Complejos de Rolando García, los Principios del Pensamiento Complejo de Edgar Morin, las Categorías de Análisis del Turismo Armónico y del Hommoecosistema de Serrano-Barquín y la Teoría de Sustentabilidad desde Gutiérrez, Aguilera y González. En su componente metodológico, este modelo propone la integración aplicada de varios métodos y metodologías: el Método Etnográfico, la Planeación Geográfica Integral de Gutiérrez, la Evaluación de Sustentabilidad de Massera, Astier y López Ridaura, así como el Enfoque del Marco Lógico de Camacho y sus colaboradores; los cuales al integrarse, permiten formular el Modelo Teórico Metodológico que se propone. Entre los conceptos fundamentales que articulan esta propuesta se plantea al Hommoecosistema de Serrano-Barquín, como un sistema complejo, sobre el cual el turismo armónico es el eje articulador de los subsistemas natural y antrópico, para lograr el desarrollo local sustentable. A partir de la integración del hommoecosistema, en esta propuesta se analizan los conocimientos vernaculo-racional de comunidades, para estudiar las interrelaciones entre ambos subsistemas, lo cual permitirá que las estrategias que se planteen, estén claramente dirigidas al rescate y preservación de los recursos naturales y culturales, permitiendo el desarrollo local por medio del turismo armónico.
Life Beyond Survival
Authors: Thurnheer Katharina
Published: July 2014

At the heart of this in-depth ethnographic study lie the daily life situations of tsunami survivors in war-torn, eastern Sri Lanka. Each chapter is built around the empirical themes derived from the stories and recollections of Tamil women and their families during their stay in relief camps, anticipating relocation. The specifics of the socio-cultural context are firmly embedded in the discussions. Ten years after the tsunami, this publication offers a timely contribution to a better understanding of what it means to cope with the combined effects of disaster, war, and international aid in this matri-focal region of the island.
Mitte in Deutschland
Authors: Marg Stine
Published: July 2014

Was ist die Mitte der Gesellschaft und was erwartet sie von der Zukunft? Wie bewertet sie Politik im Allgemeinen sowie Politiker, politische Prozesse und Entscheidungen im Besonderen? Anhand welcher Maßstäbe fällt sie ihre Urteile? Auf Basis einer umfangreichen qualitativen Erhebung wird die soziale Mitte in dieser Studie erstmals systematisch analysiert. Stine Marg erörtert nicht nur die Fokusgruppe als Methode der Sozialwissenschaft, sondern präsentiert ebenso überraschende Erkenntnisse über die Wertvorstellungen und Erwartungen »der Mitte«.
A Single Parent’s Labor Supply: Evaluating Different Child Care Fees within an Intertemporal Framework
Authors: Minagawa Junichi , Upmann Thorsten
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we present a model of a one-parent, one-child household where parental decisions on labor supply, leisure, and the demand for parental and public child care are simultaneously endogenized and intertemporally determined. We characterize the path of the optimal decisions and investigate the effects of various public child care fees and of the quality of public child care services on the parent’s time allocation and the child’s performance level. Our results show that different public child care policies may induce substantially diverging effects and reveal that each policy frequently faces a trade off between an encouragement of labor supply and an enhancement of the child’s performance. In addition, we find that, from an efficiency perspective, an income-based fee levied on public child care services is dominated by both a flat fee and a use-based fee system.
Thrombotic, thrombocytopenic purpura (ADAMTS-13 deficiency): a rare neonatal presentation
Authors: Sutton Rachael , Will Andrew , Kuruvilla Minju , Victor Suresh
Published: July 2014

Congenital ADAMTS-13 deficiency is rare, with only between 150 and 200 living cases described internationally. It can present in the neonatal period with thrombocytopenia that may be associated with thrombosis rather than haemorrhage, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) and jaundice requiring exchange transfusion. We report a case of a large cerebral infarction resulting from severe ADAMTS-13 deficiency in the immediate neonatal period. The diagnosis of ADAMTS-13 deficiency should be considered in babies with haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, thrombocytopenia and a negative direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test (DAT). It is important to diagnose and treat early in order to prevent further brain and kidney damage.
How nominal compounds are modified by two adjectives
Authors: Berg Thomas
Published: July 2014

Basing itself on a corpus of one thousand complex NPs, this study investigates the relationships that two attributive adjectives contract with the constituents of nominal compounds of varying size in English (e.g. new basic safety standards). Essentially, there are four logically possible relationships: (i) both adjectives modify the nominal head, (ii) both adjectives modify the nominal modifier, (iii) the first adjective modifies the head and the second adjective the modifier and (iv) the first adjective modifies the modifier and the second adjective the head (crossed modification). While options (i) and (iii) are strongly represented in the data, crossed modification is not at all present. Across all compound sizes, at least three factors shape the empirical patterns: a functional factor whereby major heads are more easily singled out than minor heads, which in turn are more available than modifiers; a structural factor whereby more deeply embedded constituents are less available than more independent constituents; and a proximity effect which encourages the modification of the first noun by the second adjective. There may be an additional saturation effect which discourages the modification of one noun by two adjectives. On the face of it, the non-occurrence of crossed modification may be connected to the well-known ban on crossing association lines. However, despite its descriptive adequacy, this principle is unconvincing. Instead, a functional explanation is proposed which centres on the possibility of working out modification relationships. Initial steps are taken towards developing a model of when (and why) the no-crossing constraint is inviolable, violable or non-existent
Unaccusatives and unergatives: Evidence from Croatian
Authors: Knežević Božana , Brdar Irena
Published: July 2014

We argue that the unaccusativity phenomenon occurs in Croatian, as in many other languages. We demonstrate that unaccusative predicates not only have to meet specific (morpho)syntactic diagnostic criteria, but also that semantic criteria are involved. We show that it is possible to characterize Croatian intransitive verbs as unaccusatives using the following diagnostics: 1. past participle derivation by suffixation of -l; 2. participial adjective formation; 3. -ač (-er) nominals; 4. prefixation by the preverbs po-, do- and u-; 5. the perfective aspect; 6. resultative constructions; and 7. the possessive dative. In order to demonstrate a number of relevant semantic diagnostics, three classes of verbs are isolated, defined in terms of their lexical semantic representation and their morphosyntactic configuration: verbs of change of state, verbs of appearance and verbs of inherently directed motion
An Anglo-Americanism in Slavic morphosyntax: Productive [N[N]] constructions in Bulgarian
Authors: Vakareliyska Cynthia M. , Kapatsinski Vsevolod
Published: July 2014

Since 1990, most of the South and East Slavic languages have independently adopted, to varying extents, English loanblend [N[N]] constructions, in which an English modifier noun is followed by a head noun that previously existed in the language, for example, Bulgarian ekšŭn geroi ‘action heroes’. This phenomenon is of particular interest from a morphosyntactic processing perspective, because the use of the English noun as a modifier without the addition of a Slavic adjectival suffix and agreement desinence is a violation of fundamental traditional principles of Slavic morphology and morphosyntax, and thus should pose considerable parsing challenges. Bulgarian has incorporated English loanblend [N[N]]’s particularly well into the standard language. In this article we argue that the high frequency, broad semantic range, and productivity of loanblend [N[N]]’s in Bulgarian are the direct result not of Bulgarian’s analytic case-marking system per se, but of preexisting construction types in the language
Evaluation of Gas Insulated Disconnector Switch for Bus Charging and Bus Transfer Currents
Authors: Mohana Rao Mandava
Published: July 2014

Gas insulated disconnector switches (DSs) are employed in a gas insulated substation (GIS) to interrupt and to make capacitive currents, in principle. During switching of capacitive currents very fast transient over-voltages (VFTOs) are common to DS. Intense VFTOs may result in peak voltage close to basic insulation level (BIL) of the connected equipment, leading to progressive deterioration and secondary breakdowns in very high voltage gas-insulated systems. At the same time, arcing during switching of bus transfer currents, by the DS, is considered as a source of substantial amount of decomposed products. This contamination may result in significant reduction in insulation strength of the medium. In order to ensure reliability of the design, it is essential to establish the DS for bus charging and bus transfer current duties under most onerous service conditions through suitable tests. The optimal design of DS to meet these test duties is established with suitable analytical techniques. The tests, which have been discussed and analyzed as part of this study, were performed on an indigenously developed 145 kV gas insulated DS as per IEC 62271-102. A detailed arrangement of the DS (main and auxiliary) and guidelines for conducting the above tests are also explained. Different performance parameters like arcing time, pre-arcing time, secondary discharges, trapped voltages, and level of contamination are analyzed. The behavior of DS during these evaluations is also reported in the present paper. Finally, the effect of different design parameters on performance of the DS has been analyzed.
Inverse problems for linear degenerate parabolic equations
by “time-like” Carleman estimate
Authors: Kawamoto Atsushi
Published: July 2014

In this paper,
we study inverse problems
for multi-dimensional
linear degenerate parabolic equations and strongly coupled systems.
In particular
we discuss the Lipschitz type stability results
for the inverse source problems which
determine a source term
by boundary data on an appropriate sub-boundary
and the data on any fixed time.
Our arguments are based on the Carleman estimate.
Here we prove and use the Carleman estimate
with the x-independent weight function
for linear degenerate parabolic equations and systems.
Emergence of Sago Palms as Private Property: An Extension of Demsetz’s Thesis of the Origins of Private Property
Authors: Landa Janet T.
Published: July 2014

Harold Demsetz (1967. “Towards a Theory of Property Rights,” The American Economic Review 57(2): 350), in a seminal paper, developed an economic thesis of the emergence of private property: “[P]roperty rights develop to internalize externalities when the gains of internalization become larger than the cost of internalization…. [G]iven a community’s tastes … the emergence of new private or state-owned property rights will be in response to changes in technology and relative prices.” Demsetz used his theory to explain anthropologist Leacock’s findings about the emergence of private hunting grounds for fur-bearing animals among the Canadian Montagne Indian tribes living in Quebec. In a more recent paper, Demsetz (2002. “Toward a Theory of Property Rights II: The Competition between Private and Collective Ownership,” The Journal of Legal Studies 31: S653–72) broadened his theory to include the emergence of private property from state enforcement of contractual rights. In this paper, I revisit Demsetz’s thesis by showing that there is another pathway to the emergence of private property. The facts I use to develop my law and bioeconomics-public choice theory of the emergence of sago palms as private property are based on anthropologist H. S. Morris’s (1976. “A Problem in Land Tenure,” in G. N. Appell (ed.) The Societies of Borneo: Explorations in the Theory of Cognatic Social Structure, pp. 110–20. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association) case study of Melanau hunter-gatherer-fishing tribal people living in Sarawak where individuals held sago palms as private property.
How to Boost the Production of Free Services: In Search of the Holy Referee Grail
Authors: Canoy Marcel , Veld Daan L. in ’t
Published: July 2014

This paper argues that delivering free services is driven by a combination of motivations and explains how policy makers or other principals can exploit them to deal with underproduction of free services. We identify intrinsic motivation, respect and gratitude as main examples of underlying motivations. What is essential for free services is that there is considerable heterogeneity in how these motivations are valued across the population. We show how a menu of (monetary and non-monetary) rewards can easily outperform simple compensation approaches since it allows for self-selection and caters for the heterogeneity. As the leading example, we illustrate how a menu can improve the academic referee process. The menu idea can be used in a large set of settings and is potentially very fruitful.
An integrative, multi‐scale, genome‐wide model reveals the phenotypic landscape of Escherichia coli
Authors: Carrera Javier , Estrela Raissa , Luo Jing , Rai Navneet , Tsoukalas Athanasios , Tagkopoulos Ilias
Published: July 2014

Given the vast behavioral repertoire and biological complexity of even the simplest organisms, accurately predicting phenotypes in novel environments and unveiling their biological organization is a challenging endeavor. Here, we present an integrative modeling methodology that unifies under a common framework the various biological processes and their interactions across multiple layers. We trained this methodology on an extensive normalized compendium for the gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli, which incorporates gene expression data for genetic and environmental perturbations, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and metabolic pathways, as well as growth measurements. Comparison with measured growth and high‐throughput data demonstrates the enhanced ability of the integrative model to predict phenotypic outcomes in various environmental and genetic conditions, even in cases where their underlying functions are under‐represented in the training set. This work paves the way toward integrative techniques that extract knowledge from a variety of biological data to achieve more than the sum of their parts in the context of prediction, analysis, and redesign of biological systems.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: in search of gold standards for assessing functional genetic screen quality
Authors: Evers Bastiaan , Bernards Rene , Beijersbergen Roderick L
Published: July 2014

Variable screen quality, off‐target effects, and unclear false discovery rates often hamper large‐scale functional genomic screens in mammalian cells. Hart et al (2014) introduce gold standard reference sets of essential and non‐essential genes, aiming at standardizing the analysis of genome‐wide screens. This work provides a framework to compare both the quality and analysis methods of functional genetic screens.
Morbid obesity attenuates the skeletal abnormalities associated with leptin deficiency in mice
Authors: Turner Russell T , Philbrick Kenneth A , Wong Carmen P , Olson Dawn A , Branscum Adam J , Iwaniec Urszula T
Published: July 2014

Leptin-deficientob/obmice are morbidly obese and exhibit low total bone mass and mild osteopetrosis. In order to disassociate the skeletal effects of leptin deficiency from those associated with morbid obesity, we evaluated bone mass, architecture, gene expression, and indices of bone turnover in WT mice,ob/obmice allowed to feedad libitum(ob/ob), andob/obmice pair-fed equivalent to WT mice (pair-fedob/ob). Mice were maintained at 32 °C (thermoneutral) from 6 to 18 weeks of age to minimize differences in resting energy expenditure.ob/obmice were heavier, had more abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT), and were hyperglycemic compared with WT mice. Femur length, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density, and midshaft femur cortical thickness were lower inob/obmice than in WT mice. Cancellous bone volume (BV) fraction was higher but indices of bone formation and resorption were lower inob/obmice compared with WT mice; reduced bone resorption inob/obmice resulted in pathological retention of calcified cartilage. Pair-fedob/obmice were lighter and had lower WAT, uterine weight, and serum glucose thanob/obmice. Similarly, femoral length, BMC, and cortical thickness were lower in pair-fedob/obmice compared withob/obmice, as were indices of cancellous bone formation and resorption. In contrast, bone marrow adiposity, calcified cartilage, and cancellous BV fraction were higher at one or more cancellous sites in pair-fedob/obmice compared withob/obmice. These findings indicate that the skeletal abnormalities caused by leptin deficiency are markedly attenuated in morbidly obeseob/obmice.
C-14 Release Behavior and Chemical Species from Irradiated Hull Waste under Geological Disposal Conditions
Authors: Yamashita Yu , Tanabe Hiromi , Sakuragi Tomofumi , Takahashi Ryota , Sasoh Michitaka
Published: July 2014

C-14 contained in Hull waste is one of the most important radionuclides in the safety assessment of transuranic (TRU) waste disposal. For more realistic safety assessment, it is important to clarify the release mechanism and chemical species of C-14 from Hull waste. In this research, leaching tests were conducted using an irradiated Zry cladding tube from a boiling-water reactor (BWR) to obtain leaching data and to investigate the relationship between Zry metal corrosion and C-14 release behavior. Both organic and inorganic C-14 compounds existed in the the liquid phase, and some C-14 moved to the gaseous phase. The release rate of C-14 obtained from the BWR cladding tube after two-year leaching tests was lower than the release rate from a pressurize water reactor (PWR) cladding tube. It is considered that the BWR cladding tube used in this test did not easily corrode since it used a comparatively new material. The release rate of C-14 was slightly lower as compared with the corrosion rate of unirradiated Zry. This is thought to be the result of improved corrosion resistance conferred by neutron irradiation, which encouraged the dissolution of grain boundary precipitation elements, such as Fe, Cr, and Ni, into the crystal grains. The leaching tests will be continued for 10 years.
Corrosion Tests of Zircaloy Hull Waste to Confirm Applicability of Corrosion Model and to Evaluate Influence Factors on Corrosion Rate under Geological Disposal Conditions
Authors: Kato Osamu , Tanabe Hiromi , Sakuragi Tomofumi , Nishimura Tsutomu , Tateishi Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2014

Corrosion behavior is a key issue in the assessment of disposal performance for activated waste such as spent fuel assemblies (i.e., hulls and end-pieces) because corrosion is expected to initiate radionuclide (e.g., C-14) leaching from such waste. Because the anticipated corrosion rate is extremely low, understanding and modeling Zircaloy (Zry) corrosion behavior under geological disposal conditions is important in predicting very long-term corrosion. Corrosion models applicable in the higher temperature ranges of nuclear reactors have been proposed based on considerable testing in the 523−633 K temperature range.

In this study, corrosion tests were carried out to confirm the applicability of such existing models to the low temperature range of geological disposal, and to examine the influence of material, environmental, and other factors on corrosion rates under geological disposal conditions. A characterization analysis of the generated oxide film was also performed.

To confirm applicability, the corrosion rate of Zry-4 in pure water with a temperature change from 303 K to 433 K was obtained using a hydrogen measuring technique, giving a corrosion rate for 180 days of 8 × 10-3 μm/y at 303 K.

To investigate the influence of various factors, corrosion tests were carried out. The corrosion rates for Zry-2 and Zry-4 were almost same, and increased with a temperature increase from 303 K to 353 K. The influence of pH (12.5) compared with pure water was about 1.4 at 180 days at 303 K.
Physico-chemical characterization of a spent UO2 fuel with respect to its stability under final disposal conditions
Authors: González-Robles Ernesto , Wegen Detlef H. , Bohnert Elke , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Müller Nikolaus , Nasyrow Ramil , Kienzler Bernhard , Metz Volker
Published: July 2014

Two adjacent fuel rod segments were irradiated in a pressurized water reactor achieving an average burn-up of 50.4 GWd/tHM. A physico-chemical characterisation of the high burn-up fuel rod segments was performed, to determine properties relevant to the stability of the spent nuclear fuel under final disposal conditions. No damage of the cladding was observed by means of visual examination and γ-scanning. The maximal oxide layer thickness was 45 µm. The relative fission gas release was determined to be (8.35 ± 0.66) %. Finally, a rim thickness of 83.7 µm and a rim porosity of about 20% were derived from characterisation of the cladded pellets.
Amongst wishes and possibilities: eating habits of pregnant women from an urban community in Southern Brazil
Authors: Junges Carolina Frescura , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz , Monticelli Marisa
Published: July 2014

This qualitative study had the aim to understand the eating habits of pregnant women living in an urban community in southern Brazil. The method adopted was the ethnonursing approach and data were collected by means of the qualifying guide Observation-Participation-Reflection, with four pregnant women. The ethnographic analysis was conducted along with data collection, in the search for topics to support the research questions. The results led to the unveiling of cultural meanings that pregnant women attribute to knowledge and to their eating habits, and the influence of family history and social relations in the community stand out in this aspect. The perception of body changes, from the perspective of pregnant women, is related to their eating habit choices. By appreciating the cultural dimensions of care, nurses who assist pregnant women get close to the family and the community, allowing for better compliance with prenatal care by means of educational activities consistent with the culture of these pregnant women.
Knowledge of healthcare professionals regarding the vertical transmission of syphilis in Fortaleza -CE, Brazil
Authors: Silva Denise Maia Alves da , Araújo Maria Alix Leite , Silva Raimunda Magalhães da , Andrade Roumayne Fernandes Vieira , Moura Heber José de , Esteves Ana Beatriz Barbosa
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of family health strategy professionals regarding the prevention and control of the vertical transmission of syphilis. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, from August to October 2009. A questionnaire was used, with its correct answers being in line with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. Univariate analysis was carried out, with frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation. A total of 269 professionals participated, 44.7% had 6 to 10 years of experience in the FHS, and 60% of the questions regarding their knowledge were answered correctly: 75.8% were aware of the request period of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test; 78.1% of the alternative drug for the treatment for pregnant women allergic to penicillin, 55.1% of the request period for VDRL for cure and control, and 50.2% of the conduct with a sexual partner. It was concluded that healthcare professionals are unaware of the appropriate actions for the prevention and control of congenital syphilis.
Social support network of nurses for the care of their own children
Authors: Rodrigues Bruna Caroline , Mazza Verônica de Azevedo , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: July 2014

This exploratory descriptive study, using a qualitative approach, aimed to characterize the social support of nurses in the care of their own children. The participants were ten nurses who were mothers, selected through a snowball method. Data collection occurred from November 2011 to January 2012 through semi-structured interviews and construction of families' genograms and ecomaps. Data were analyzed through Bardin content analysis, leading to the establishment of two categories: (1) Returning to work: the importance of family support and (2) The family and their interactive contexts: types of bonds. The social support network of the family is essential to the lives of these women, who need support, assistance and guidance in directing their activities in everyday overload.
Impaired tissue integrity, related factors and defining characteristics in persons with vascular ulcers
Authors: Malaquias Suelen Gomes , Bachion Maria Márcia , Martins Marlene Andrade , Nunes Cynthia Assis de Barros , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos , Pereira Lilian Varanda
Published: July 2014

This transversal study aimed to analyze factors related to, and defining characteristics of, Impaired Tissue Integrity in persons with vascular ulcers, and compare the mean of these factors between the groups presenting different degrees in the severity of tissue compromise. The study was undertaken in February-August 2009, in the municipal health network of Goiânia in the state of Goiás, using interviews, clinical examinations and photographic records of the wounds. For analysis, simple and percentage frequencies and the Student t-test (p<0.05) were used. Five related factors were identified in more than half of the 42 participants: impaired circulation, knowledge deficit, chemical irritants, fluid excess and nutritional factors. Three defining characteristics were identified in all of the participants. There was no difference in the mean of related factors between groups. Impaired Tissue Integrity in persons with vascular ulcers was a phenomenon which demands professional attention extending beyond circulatory impairment. The mean of factors did not indicate greater or lesser severity of the compromising of the tissue integrity.
Active case finding: community health workers' activity related to tuberculosis control in a large city, brazil
Authors: Scatolin Beatriz Estuque , Pinto Erika Simone Galvão , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Wysocki Anneliese Domingues , Ponce Maria Amélia Zanon , Arakawa Tiemi , Beraldo Aline Ale , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Palha Pedro Fredemir
Published: July 2014

This study analyzed the Community Health Workers' activity in active case finding in Ribeirão Preto-SP. Cross sectional study, conducted in 2009-2010, with the use of a structured form, which was applied to 105 Community Health Workers and research of secondary data. Indicators were created based on the variable means that used the Likert scale for the answers, being dissatisfactory (scores 1 and 2), regular (3) and satisfactory (4 and 5). Deficiencies in the activity of the Community Workers in the active case finding were identified (mean=3.0), in the discussion with the community about the tuberculosis (mean=1.5) and in the establishment of partnership in the region for the active case finding (mean=1.9). Only 6% of the expected respiratory symptoms in the areas where the units of the participants are located were examined. The results reinforced the need for nursing supervision, a new work logic, with advances in the intersectional articulation, aimed at increasing the detection of tuberculosis cases.
Production of nursing thesis and dissertations in portugal, 2000-2010: a bibliometric study
Authors: Baggio Maria Aparecida , Rodrigues Manuel Alves , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Figueiredo Maria do Céu Aguiar Barbieri , Vieira Margarida Maria da Silva
Published: July 2014

The study identifies Portuguese nursing research, produced in the period 2000 - 2010, published via Master's dissertations and doctoral theses, analyzed according to the following variables: institution training masters and doctors, studies' distribution by institution, study supervisors and co-supervisors with their respective titles, supervisors' productions, keywords/descriptors, topics studied, theoretical framework, methodological framework, subjects, data collection and data analysis. In this exploratory, descriptive and bibliometric study, dissertations from the Catholic University of Portugal and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto were collected, as were doctoral theses from both these institutions and the University of Lisbon, totalling 41 theses and 273 dissertations. The results describe the theoretical, methodological and bibliometric aspects of the strictu sensu scientific production of Portuguese nursing. It is concluded that nurse researchers, in having knowledge of the specific areas of the studies, can improve them to achieve quality and excellence of the training of Master's and doctoral students.