bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clock genes Period 1 and Period 2 in the hippocampal CA1 mediate depression-like behaviors and rapid antidepressant response
Authors: Wang Xin-Ling , Liu Xiao-Xing , Yuan Kai , Han Ying , Xue Yan-Xue , Meng Shi-Qiu , Li Su-Xia
Published: August 2021

Accumulated reports have indicated that circadian rhythm is closely related to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recently, adenosine has been identified to modulate circadian clock via adenosine A1 and A2A receptor signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is a convergent point that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of depression and is a downstream molecule of adenosine A1 receptor signaling pathway as an endpoint that can regulate the expression of circadian genes Period1 (Per1) and Period2 (Per2). However, whether Per mediates the development of MDD via CREB has not been elucidated. We used chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) to induce depression-like behaviors and found that it could induce decrease in p-CREB and PER1 levels in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats. Both depression-like behaviors and the decreased protein levels could be rapidly rescued by the administration of adenosine A1 receptor agonist 2-Choro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA). Furthermore, knockdown of Per1 in hippocampal CA1 region could also induce depression-like behaviors, which could also be rescued by CCPA. Interestingly, Per2 knockdown in hippocampal CA1 region resulted in potential antidepressant-like effect. In addition, knockout of CRE sequence in the promoter regions of either Per1 or Per2 led to depression-like behaviors, which could not be rescued by CCPA. These results indicated that clock genes Per1 and Per2 play critical roles in the pathophysiology of depression and CRE sequences in the promoter regions of Per1 and Per2 may be a critical antidepressant target.

Highlights

CUS induces both depression-like behaviors and decreases in the expression of p-CREB and PER1 levels in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats, which can be rapidly rescued by 2-Choro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA).

Knockdown of clock gene Per1 in the hippocampal CA1 brain region leads to depression-like behaviors in rats, which can be also rescued by CCPA.

Knockdown of clock gene Per2 in the hippocampal CA1 brain region may have potential antidepressant-like effect.

Knockout of the CRE sequence on the promoter region of the clock genes Per1 and Per2 produces depression-like behaviors, which cannot be rescued by CCPA.
SUMO E2/E3 Enzyme Co-Recognize Substrates and Confers High Substrates Specificity
Authors: Xiong Zhehao , Jiang Ling , Liu Yan , Li Jun , Liao Jiayu
Published: August 2021

Although various technologies can determine protein-protein interaction affinity, Kd, current approaches require at least one interacting protein to be purified. Here, we present a development of high-throughput approach to determine protein interaction affinity for un-purified interacting proteins using quantitative FRET assay. We developed this approach first using SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, and SUMO substrate, RanGap1c. The interaction affinities from two purified proteins and two un-purified proteins in the presence of BSA, bacterial extracts or two mixtures are all in excellent agreement with that obtained from the SPR measurement. We then applied this approach to determine the interaction affinities of SUMO E3 PIAS1 and Ubc9 with a SUMO substrate, influenza virus protein, NS1, and, for the first time, the SUMO E3 ligase-substrate interaction affinity is determined, which enables us to provide a kinetics explanation for the two-enzyme substrate recognition mode. In general, our studies allow high-throughput determination of protein interacting affinity without any purification, and both the approach and scientific discoveries can be applied to proteins that are difficult to be expressed in general.
Is it fair that advanced workers get paid disproportionally more: economic analysis
Authors: Kosheleva Olga , Aguilar Sean R.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

On the one hand, everyone agrees that economics should be fair, that workers should get equal pay for equal work. Any instance of unfairness causes a strong disagreement. On the other hand, in many companies, advanced workers – who produce more than others – get paid disproportionally more for their work, and this does not seem to cause any negative feelings. In this paper, the authors analyze this situation from the economic viewpoint.

Design/methodology/approach

To analyze the problem, the authors use general mathematical models of how utility – and hence, decisions – depends on the pay-per-unit.

Findings

The authors show that from the economic viewpoint, additional payments for advanced workers indeed make economic sense, benefit everyone, and thus – in contrast to the naive literal interpretation of fairness – are not unfair. As a consequence of this analysis, the authors also explain why the labor share of the companies' income is, on average, close to 50% – an empirical fact that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, was never previously explained.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that explains the empirical fact – that the labor share of the income is close to 50%.
Barriers to an inclusive academic library collection
Authors: Price Apryl C.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Libraries still endeavor to achieve diversity in many areas, including collections. Although many barriers to realizing this goal still exist, there are changes that can be made to improve the current situation. This paper aims to examine those barriers and discusses some ways librarians, administrators and publishers can help build inclusive academic library collections.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper will discuss the issues that the University of North Florida’s Thomas G. Carpenter Library discovered while trying to find ways to build a racially and ethnically diverse academic collection.

Findings

The lack of diversity in academic library collections has many causes, including inadequate institutional collection priorities, librarian bias, heavy workloads and the dearth of diverse voices in the publishing industry.

Originality/value

Diversity, equity and inclusion are key concepts to improving how libraries operate. However, libraries have struggled to realize this vision in many areas. This paper endeavors to identify ways academic librarians and publishers can make collections more diverse.
Observability, controllability and stability analysis of discrete time engineering dynamic systems by means of Lagrangian, Hamiltonian and dissipative functions in discrete forms
Authors: Civelek Cem
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamical state of a discrete time engineering/physical dynamic system. The analysis is performed based on observability, controllability and stability first using difference equations of generalized motion obtained through discrete time equations of dissipative generalized motion derived from discrete Lagrange-dissipative model [{L,D}-model] for short of a discrete time observed dynamic system. As a next step, the same system has also been analyzed related to observability, controllability and stability concepts but this time using discrete dissipative canonical equations derived from a discrete Hamiltonian system together with discrete generalized velocity proportional Rayleigh dissipation function. The methods have been applied to a coupled (electromechanical) example in different formulation types.

Design/methodology/approach

An observability, controllability and stability analysis of a discrete time observed dynamic system using discrete equations of generalized motion obtained through discrete {L,D}-model and discrete dissipative canonical equations obtained through discrete Hamiltonian together with discrete generalized velocity proportional Rayleigh dissipation function.

Findings

The related analysis can be carried out easily depending on the values of classical elements.

Originality/value

Discrete equations of generalized motion and discrete dissipative canonical equations obtained by discrete Lagrangian and discrete Hamiltonian, respectively, together with velocity proportional discrete dissipative function are used to analyze a discrete time observed engineering system by means of observability, controllability and stability using state variable theory and in the method proposed, the physical quantities do not need to be converted one to another.
Design and analysis of tubular permanent magnetic linear generator with 120° phase belt toroidal windings
Authors: Si Jikai , Yan Zuoguang , Nie Rui , Xu Shuai , Gan Chun , Cao Wenping
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To improve the power density and generation efficiency of the tubular permanent magnetic linear generators (TPMLGs) under realistic sea-stator condition, a TPMLG with 120° phase belt toroidal windings (120°-TPMLG) for wave energy conversion is proposed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the structure of the 120°-TPMLG is introduced and its operation principle is analyzed. Second, the design process of the 120°-TPMLG is described. Meanwhile, the finite-element models of the 120°-TPMLG and the TPMLG with traditional fractional pitch windings (T-TPMLG) are established based on the similar overall dimensions. Then, the electromagnetic characteristics of the 120°-TPMLG are analyzed, such as air gap flux density, back electromotive force and load voltage. Finally, a comparative analysis of the magnetic flux density, flux linkage, load and no-load performance of the two generators are conducted.

Findings

The result shows that the 120°-TPMLG has higher power density and generation efficiency than the T-TPMLG.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a TPMLG with 120° phase belt toroidal windings (120°-TPMLG) to improve the power density and generation efficiency.
Accurate fault detection during power swing: compensated line study
Authors: Fasihi Pour Parizi Hamed , Seyedtabaii Saeed , Akhbari Mahdi
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop an algorithm to accurately detect faults in series capacitor compensated (SCC) power transmission lines. The line fault must be distinguished from stable power swing, compensating unit malfunction and defects on other lines sharing the same bus (external faults).

Design/methodology/approach

In this regard, an effective fault feature extractor based on the cumulative sum (CUSUM) of the amplified second harmonic of the phase currents is suggested. The features are then applied to an artificial neural network for classification. No-fault cases include stable power swing and several disturbances. Due to the independent analysis of each phase, faulty phase detection is also a by-product.

Findings

Various fault scenarios are defined, and the algorithm success rate is compared with some newly published methods. Extensive simulations performed over a single-machine infinite bus, a 3-machine, 9-bus and the large-scale New England IEEE 39-Bus networks all indicate that the proposed algorithm can trip the faulty line more quickly and accurately than the contestant algorithms.

Originality/value

Suggestion of a new algorithm based on the CUSUM of the amplified second harmonic of the phase current for the fault feature extraction that is able to isolate the transmission line internal faults from stable poser swing, line compensating unit malfunction and faults on the adjacent lines connected to the same bus.
Training needs assessment of postgraduate researchers of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Nazeer , Ur Rehman Shafiq , Ameen Kanwal , Safdar Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Researchers’ competencies are directly related to the quality and effectiveness of the research they produce. However, training opportunities for education and conducting research seem to be limited for the growing research culture in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to assess the research-related training needs of postgraduate researchers (PGRs) of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research approach was used to conduct the study using a questionnaire. Non-random sampling technique was used to collect the data from the postgraduate (MPhil/MS and PhD) researchers enrolled in the two well renowned Pakistani Universities.

Findings

Results of the study confirmed that PGRs were interested in developing their skills in various areas of a research project such as topic selection, research design and use of data analysis software. Findings also highlighted that respondents were interested in learning reference management tools for citing and managing the sources of information in their research work.

Originality/value

This is the first study, which investigated the training needs assessment of PGRs enrolled in two major Pakistani universities. The results may help in designing training programs, promoting a conducive research culture in the country and improving the quality of research being produced. This study provided a framework likely to be beneficial for quality enhancement cells, universities and organizations in organizing effective research training and development programs for researchers of Pakistan.
Standardizing Six Sigma Green Belt training: identification of the most frequently used measure phase DMAIC tools
Authors: Hollingshed Melinda
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to identify the most frequently used tools and techniques within the measure phase of the define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC) methodology in the Six Sigma Green Belt body of knowledge (BOK) to standardize training curriculum and reduce barriers to Six Sigma adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

This study measures the most frequently used tools within the Measure Phase of the Green Belt body of knowledge by surveying Six Sigma professionals from all industries as to how often they use tools specific to the Measure Phase. Professionals rated ten categories of tools based on frequency use as it pertains to a Green Belt level Six Sigma project. Descriptive analysis, t-tests, and ANOVA were performed on the data using Minitab to identify the most frequently used tool categories.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate that the most frequently used measure phase tools and techniques within in the Six Sigma Green Belt BOK are process mapping, control charts, descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, collecting and summarizing data, process capability analysis and Six Sigma statistics (defects per unit, defects per million opportunities, etc.). The research findings indicate that several tools that require a higher level of statistical understanding are used less frequently.

Research limitations/implications

The research study solely analyzed the measure phase tools within the Green Belt Six Sigma BOK. Other Six Sigma bodies of knowledge should be evaluated in their entirety.

Practical implications

Six Sigma training has been identified in previous research studies as a barrier to implementation. By identifying the most frequently used tools and determining that those tools are less statistically intensive, companies may be more inclined to adopt Six Sigma. Reducing the tools required to master to lead and carryout Six Sigma projects can also help to reduce the cost and time required for Six Sigma training.

Originality/value

Many studies have identified the lack of a standardized curriculum for Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma. This research serves to function as a supportive analysis in identifying the most optimal and useful tools to lead successful Six Sigma and process improvement projects and contributes to the journey of establishing a standardized Six Sigma training curriculum.
The emotional influence on satisfaction and complaint behavior in hedonic and utilitarian services
Authors: Calvo-Porral Cristina , Otero-Prada Luis-Miguel
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Greater attention should be paid to the emotional aspects of the service experience. In this context, this paper aims to propose that emotions will have a different impact on customers’ complaint behavior and satisfaction depending on the hedonic or utilitarian nature of the service and for this purpose a valence-based approach is followed.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 809 service users was analyzed through multi-group structural equation modeling, including both hedonic (bars and cafeterias, n = 210) and utilitarian services (bank and public transportation services, n = 599).

Findings

Research findings show the different influence of emotions on customers’ complaint behavior and satisfaction depending on the service nature. Further, the negative affect does not influence behavioral outcomes in hedonic services, whereas positive affect exerts a slight lower influence in utilitarian services. Finally, the service nature plays a moderating role in the emotions–satisfaction and emotions–complaint behavior relationship.

Originality/value

This research shows the important role of the service nature, reporting different results for hedonic and utilitarian services in the influence of emotions in behavioral outcomes.
The repowering of vertical axis water mills preserving their cultural heritage: techno-economic analysis with water wheels and Turgo turbines
Authors: Quaranta Emanuele , Pujol Toni , Grano Maria Carmela
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the electromechanical equipment of traditional vertical axis water mills (VAWMs) to help investors, mill owners and engineers to preliminary estimate related benefits and costs of a VAWM repowering.

Design/methodology/approach

Two sustainable repowering solutions were examined with the additional aim to preserve the original status and aesthetics of a VAWM: the use of a vertical axis water wheel (VAWW) and a vertical axis impulse turbine. The analysis was applied to a database of 714 VAWMs in Basilicata (Italy), with known head and flow.

Findings

Expeditious equations were proposed for both solutions to determine: (1) a suitable diameter as a function of the flow rate; (2) the costs of the electromechanical equipment; (3) achievable power. The common operating hydraulic range of a VAWM (head and flow) was also identified. Reality checks on the obtained results are shown, in particular by examining two Spanish case studies and the available literature. The power generated by the impulse turbine (Turgo type) is twice that of a VAWW, but it is one order of magnitude more expensive. Therefore, the impulse turbine should be used for higher power requirements (>3 kW), or when the electricity is delivered to the grid, maximizing the long-term profit.

Originality/value

Since there is not enough evidence about the achievable performance and cost of a VAWM repowering, this work provides expeditious tools for their evaluation.
Financial development, entrepreneurship and financial openness: evidence from Asia
Authors: Amin Ali , Khan Rizwan Ullah , Maqsood Arif
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study examines whether financial development affects entrepreneurship, and how financial openness moderate this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs panel data consisting of 781 country-year observations of 48 countries of Asia for the period 2001–2018.

Findings

The study provides empirical support for the eclectic theory of entrepreneurship in Asian countries. The findings of the study indicate that effective allocation of resources and ease of transactions increases the entrepreneurial activities in the country. Additionally, the less stringent regulations, allowing for the cross border transactions, increase the funds availability to the entrepreneurs which in turn increase innovation and establishment of new businesses.

Research limitations/implications

The study only considered the moderating influence of financial openness on the nexus. Other indicators such as governance quality and political stability could also have significant impact on entrepreneurship. Further, our study was based on countries belonging to Asian continent. Since Asian continent has culture distinguished from other regions, therefore, the results cannot be generalized to the other continents.

Practical implications

The study’s results provide insight to policymakers and regulators that in order to increase the entrepreneurial activities, the financial sector improvement is of paramount importance. The regulators should focus on well-functioning financial system and availability of capital to improve the investor's confidence and boost economic activities.

Originality/value

The study provides novel evidence on the effects of financial development on entrepreneurship and moderating influence of financial openness in the context of the entire Asian region, which is yet an unexplored area. This paper offers a fresh contribution in this area.
Performance of steel moment-resisting frames in post-earthquake horizontally traveling fire
Authors: Chandra Amit , Bhowmick Anjan , Bagchi Ashutosh
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The study investigates the performance of a three-story unprotected steel moment-resisting frame (SMRF) designed for high seismic demand in the fire-only (FO) and post-earthquake uniform and traveling fires (PEF). The primary objective is to investigate the effects of seismic residual deformation on the structure's performance in horizontally traveling fires. The traveling fire methodology, unlike conventional fire models, considers a spatially varying temperature environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Multi-step finite element simulations were carried out on undamaged and damaged frames to provide insight into the effects of the earthquake-initiated fires on the local and global behavior of SMRF. The earthquake simulations were conducted using nonlinear time history analysis, whereas the structure in the fire was investigated by sequential thermal-structural analysis procedure in ABAQUS. The frame was subjected to a suite of seven ground motions. In total, four horizontal traveling fire sizes were considered along with the Eurocode (EC) parametric fire for a comparison. The deformation history, axial force and moment variation in the critical beams and columns of affected compartments in the fire heating and cooling regimes were examined. The global structural performance in terms of inter-story drifts in FO and PEF scenarios was investigated.

Findings

It was observed that the larger traveling fires (25 and 48%) are more detrimental to the case study frame than the uniform EC parametric fire. Besides, no appreciable difference was observed in time and modes of failure of the structure in FO and PEF scenarios within the study's parameters.

Originality/value

The present study considers improved traveling fire methodology as an alternate design fire for the first time for the PEF performance of SMRF. The analysis results add to the much needed database on structures' performance in a wide range of fire scenarios.
Analysis of the current state of green buildings in the Russian Federation
Authors: Papoyan Atanes , Zhan Changhong , Li Guanghao , Han Xueying
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The concept of green buildings (GBs) in contemporary building design has risen in popularity with the rapid economic development resulting from globalization. The primary objective of this research is to provide an impetus to improve the methods of green technology adaptation, taking the Russian Federation as an example.

Design/methodology/approach

Globally, the first green building rating systems were implemented in the 1990s. The Russian Federation had launched its national green building rating systems apart from the international green building rating systems that were implemented in the country.

Findings

Based on qualitative analysis, a common approach in the Russian market for certifying green construction was identified. The collected information can be considered evidence of market entry and aid in preparation for possible market shocks.

Originality/value

Furthermore, the study determined seven significant rating measures that were generally applied by various green building rating systems, and the most influential rating measure was “energy,” followed by “site,” “indoor environment,” “land and outdoor environment,” “material,” “water” and “innovation.” Additionally, this study determined the primary research endeavors of the analyses of contemporary green building rating systems and presented the scope for future research.
A review on figure of eight walking in physical therapy rehabilitation of elderly
Authors: Dhillon Rupinder Kaur , Sharma Mahesh
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to see whether the figure of eight walkings (F8W) is a reliable outcome measure in rehabilitation care especially for the older population who need extensive consideration in their practical functional affairs.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature review was conducted by researching various databases such as Google Scholar, Pub Med and Web of Science, Scopus. Journals with Good impact factors were included in this study.

Findings

This review suggested that F8W could be the realistic outcome measure for rehabilitation in patients with musculoskeletal and neurological dysfunctions that could identify disability and functional impairments more deeply. Future studies in this field may provide further exploration in physiotherapy rehabilitation.

Research limitations/implications

The study was a short review with limited resources. Its’ findings and outputs must be considered prelusive.

Practical implications

The accustomed routine of manhood accounts for constant twists and turns which is entirely incompatible with a linear walk. In such a manner, walking in the figure of eight could detect the major perplexity faced by an individual in his habitual pursuing affairs predominately in orthopedics and neurological disorders.

Originality/value

The study has suggested the utility of F8W as a reliable tool in the rehabilitation of the elder population, evidence suggests, F8W constitutes curvy and straight paths, which could trace troubles while turning and maintaining coordination. These results of this study can serve as a foundation for future studies.
Sleep, body work and bodily capital: Sleep discourse in the magazines Men's Health and Women's Health
Authors: Zarhin Dana
Published: August 2021

The subject of sleep has been receiving increasing attention in multiple arenas over the past decades, including in the social sciences and the media. However, only a few empirical studies have investigated how sleep is constructed within and by media discourses, and also whether and how these discourses are gendered. The present article explores how two popular lifestyle magazines, Men's Health and Women's Health, construct sleep. The analysis of online articles reveals that both magazines constitute sleep as a form of body work that enhances bodily capital, but they do so in gendered ways that reinforce patriarchal norms and expectations. This study shows that the magazines' discourse supports the neoliberal project, while also highlighting the malleability and adaptability of neoliberal discourses. The conclusion is that the ways in which the magazines' discourse constructs sleep might deepen both gender and class inequalities.
Characterization of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) revealed by heterologous complementation and RNA interference assays
Authors: Ding Bi‐Yue , Xie Xiu‐Cheng , Shang Feng , Smagghe Guy , Niu Jin‐Zhi , Wang Jin‐Jun
Published: August 2021

Carotenoids are involved in many essential physiological functions and are produced from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through synthase, desaturase, and cyclase activities. In the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), the duplication of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, including carotenoid synthases/cyclases (ApCscA–C) and desaturases (ApCdeA–D), through horizontal gene transfer from fungi has been detected, and ApCdeB has known dehydrogenation functions. However, whether other genes contribute to aphid carotenoid biosynthesis, and its specific regulatory pathway, remains unclear. In the current study, functional analyses of seven genes were performed using heterologous complementation and RNA interference assays. The bifunctional enzymes ApCscA–C were responsible for the synthase of phytoene, and ApCscC may also have a cyclase activity. ApCdeA, ApCdeC, and ApCdeD had diverse dehydrogenation functions. ApCdeA catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to neurosporene (three‐step product), ApCdeC catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to ζ‐carotene (two‐step product), and ApCdeD catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to lycopene (four‐step product). Silencing of ApCscs reduced the expression levels of ApCdes, and silencing these carotenoid biosynthetic genes reduced the α‐, β‐, and γ‐carotene levels, as well as the total carotenoid level. The results suggest that these genes were activated and led to carotenoid biosynthesis in the pea aphid.
Uterine artery closure at the origin vs at the uterus level in total laparoscopic hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uccella Stefano , Garzon Simone , Lanzo Gabriele , Gallina Davide , Bosco Mariachiara , Porcari Irene , Gueli‐Alletti Salvatore , Cianci Stefano , Franchi Massimo , Zorzato Pier Carlo
Published: August 2021

Introduction

The transfusion rate in hysterectomies for benign pathology is almost 3%. However, despite the strong interest in reducing intraoperative bleeding, limited evidence is available regarding the technical aspects concerning uterine vessel management during a total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Uterine artery (UA) closure in TLH can be performed at the origin from the internal iliac artery or at the uterus level (UL). However, low‐quality evidence is available regarding the superiority of one method over the other.

Material and methods

We performed a single‐blind randomized (1:1) controlled trial (NCT04156932) between December 2019 and August 2020. One hundred and eighty women undergoing TLH for benign gynecological diseases were randomized to TLH with UA closure at the origin from the internal iliac artery (n = 90), performed at the beginning of the procedure by putting two clips per side at the origin, vs closure at the UL (n = 90). Intraoperative blood loss estimated from suction devices was the primary outcome. Secondary end points were perioperative outcomes, the conversion rate from one technique to the other, and complication rates with 4 months of follow up.

Results

Uterine artery closure at the origin was completed in all 90 patients (0%), whereas closure at the UL was converted to closure at the origin in 11 cases (12.2%; p < 0.001); failures were mainly associated with the presence of endometriosis (81.8% [9/11] vs 10.1% [8/79]; p < 0.001). In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, the intraoperative blood loss was higher in the group assigned to the closure at the UL (108.5 mL) than in the group with closure at the origin (69.3 mL); the mean difference was 39.2 mL (95% CI 13.47–64.93 mL; p = 0.003). Other perioperative outcomes and complications rates did not differ.

Conclusions

Uterine artery closure at the origin reduces intraoperative blood loss during a TLH and appears to be more reproducible than closure at the UL without higher complication rates. However, the absent translation in clinical benefits impedes the support of a clinical superiority in all women. Closure at the origin may provide clinical advantages in the presence of severe preoperative anemia or pelvic anatomic distortion.
Comparison of venous thromboembolism incidence in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients receiving bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (RVD) or carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRD) with aspirin or rivaroxaban thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Piedra Katrina , Peterson Tim , Tan Carlyn , Orozco Jennifer , Hultcrantz Malin , Hassoun Hani , Mailankody Sham , Lesokhin Alexander , Shah Urvi , Lu Sydney , Patel Dhwani , Derkach Andriy , Wilkins Cy R. , Korde Neha
Published: August 2021

Incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies across different regimens in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. Limited data exist on the use of direct oral anticoagulants as thromboprophylaxis in the setting of haematologic malignancies, specifically multiple myeloma. In this retrospective study of 305 NDMM patients, VTE rates in those treated with carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRD) + aspirin (ASA), bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (RVD) + ASA, and KRD + rivaroxaban were statistically significant, 16·1%, 4·8%, and 4·8%, respectively. The findings confirm a higher incidence of VTE when using KRD induction compared to RVD induction and reveal that the use of low‐dose rivaroxaban thromboprophylaxis can mitigate this risk without an observable increase in bleeding rates.
Mesencephalic dopamine neurons are essential for modafinil‐induced arousal
Authors: Yang Yan‐Fei , Dong Hui , Shen Yan , Li Lei , Lazarus Michael , Qu Wei‐Min , Huang Zhi‐Li
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose

Modafinil is a potent eugeroic (wakefulness‐promoting) drug that is prescribed to treat narcolepsy and has a low incidence of abuse. Although previous studies have shown that modafinil‐induced arousal depends on the dopamine receptors and transporters, the specific part/s of the dopamine transmitter system underlying this mechanism remained unclear. Here, we investigated the role of mesencephalic dopamine neurons in modafinil‐evoked arousal.

Experimental Approach

A dopamine indicator (dLight1.1) was employed to detect dopamine changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum. We specifically lesioned mesencephalic dopamine neurons via diphtheria toxin (DTA) in the dopamine transporter (DAT)‐Cre mice. Then, the sleep–wake states were recorded to evaluate the effect of modafinil on arousal. Finally, the extent of DTA‐induced lesions was determined by immunohistochemistry.

Key Results

Modafinil promptly increased dopamine levels in the NAc and dorsal striatum in a dose‐dependent manner. Lesioning of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) or ventral tegmental area (VTA) had no significant effects on physiological sleep–wake cycles. Modafinil at 90 mg·kg−1 increased continuous wakefulness for 355 min in control mice. However, these effects were slightly decreased by 6.7% in the SNc‐lesioned mice and were prominently diminished by 32.8% in VTA‐lesioned mice. Furthermore, the modafinil‐induced arousal was completely blocked in the SNc‐VTA‐lesioned mice, whereas lesions of the dorsal raphé nucleus had no effect.

Conclusion and Implications

Taken together, our findings indicate that mesencephalic dopamine neurons are essential for modafinil‐induced arousal.
The necessary conduct: Exploratory multiregional clinical trials in East Asia
Authors: Jeon Inseung , Kim Yu Kyong , Song Ildae , Yoon Deok Yong , Huh Ki Young , Jin Xuanyou , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Lee SeungHwan , Kumagai Yuji , Jang In‐Jin
Published: August 2021

Various studies have highlighted the importance of ethnic differences. The consideration of ethnic differences in the field of individualized pharmacotherapy is imperative. Therefore, various organizations and networks across countries should aim to conduct multicountry and multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs). If there is solid evidence available to evaluate the existence of ethnic differences between the same regional areas, it will lead to an increase in the efficiency of drug development. The purpose of this paper was to compare the approval dosing regimen among four Asian countries (Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan) and elucidate the readiness and current status of the implementation of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E17 guidelines on MRCTs. Reducing unnecessary clinical trials via multinational clinical trials in East Asian countries is also suggested. The approved dosing regimens for some drugs in the four Asian countries were similar; however, some differences might be caused by differences in legislation, even though there were no ethnic differences. This indicates that there are several roles to be expected of the Asia Clinical Pharmacology study network for exploratory MRCTs, which would lead to the accumulation of evidence for MRCTs, ultimately accelerating the efficiency of drug development in East Asian countries. The exposure of the new treatment to the necessary patients through collaborative research coordination and simultaneous multinational subject recruitment would serve its role in providing East Asia with specific personalized medicine with a high treatment success rate.
COVID‐19 and the Unequalizing Infrastructures of Financial Inclusion in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Guérin Isabelle , Guermond Vincent , Joseph Nithya , Natarajan Nithya , Venkatasubramanian Govindan
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on microfinance borrowers in Tamil Nadu, India. Through an examination of the social and financial infrastructures underpinning inclusive finance, the article demonstrates how the COVID‐19 pandemic exposes the limits and exclusionary tendencies of the for‐profit financial inclusion industry. The unequalizing breakdown of financial inclusion infrastructures during the pandemic prioritizes future revenue extraction over current livelihood needs, throwing hard‐hit borrowers back on hierarchical informal financial and social infrastructures to cope with COVID‐19‐induced risk. Tracing the experiences of poor microfinance borrowers in Tamil Nadu, this article examines how COVID‐19 is reshaping inclusive financial infrastructures in ways that reveal the dynamics of exclusion at the heart of financial inclusion.
Restless leg syndrome presenting as chronic severe limb pain in a dialysis patient
Authors: Sathiavageesan Subrahmanian , Annamalai Ishwarya , Malayappan Arunkarki , Melchizedek Kamalanathan , Ramajayam Ranjitha , Annadurai Anjali
Published: August 2021

“Chronic pain” is a commonly reported symptom among hemodialysis patients. Despite its high prevalence and the poor health‐related quality of life associated with it, chronic pain remains an ineffectively assessed and managed entity in dialysis patients. We report a case of a 55‐year‐old gentleman on maintenance hemodialysis who presented with 3 months history of “excruciating flitting and fleeting type” of pain largely involving both lower limbs and occasionally neck, shoulder, chest, and upper limbs. The pain was so intolerable that it even triggered suicidal intentions in the patient. Common causes of chronic pain in dialysis patients were considered, but the initial history and clinical examination remained elusive. The patient was empirically started on oral analgesics, benzodiazepines, calcitriol, and levocarnitine supplementation but had no significant effect on his symptoms. A comprehensive repeat clinical history revealed the nocturnal periodicity of symptoms, specific aggravation of pain with inactivity, and its temporary relief with movement. This helped us narrow down the diagnosis to restless leg syndrome (RLS) amidst the myriad causes of chronic pain in dialysis patients. The “constant urge to move the legs” which is the defining characteristic of RLS was inconspicuous in our patient and excruciating pain was the predominant manifestation. This atypical presentation of RLS with agonizing pain involving multiple sites of the body led to a delay in the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapeutic measures. The patient had a dramatic response to therapy with dopamine agonists and withdrawal of the drug led to reappearance of his symptoms which further confirmed the diagnosis of RLS. RLS should be considered in the evaluation of chronic pain in dialysis patients and renal health care providers should familiarize themselves with the varied atypical, forme fruste manifestations of RLS to avoid diagnostic delay of this disabling but treatable condition.
The associations between orthostatic blood pressure changes and extracellular volume in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jeon‐Slaughter Haekyung , Gregg Lucile Parker , Concepcion Michael , Lederer Swati , Penfield Jeffrey , Van Buren Peter Noel
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Extracellular volume (ECV) predicts mortality in hemodialysis patients, but it is difficult to assess clinically. Peridialytic blood pressure (BP) measurements can help ECV assessment. Orthostatic BP is routinely measured clinically, but its association with ECV is unknown.

Methods

In a cohort of hypertensive hemodialysis patients, we measured posthemodialysis ECV/weight with bioimpedance spectroscopy and analyzed its association with post‐HD orthostatic BP measurements obtained during routine care. Using linear and logistic regression, the primary outcomes were orthostatic BP change and orthostatic hypotension (OH) defined by systolic BP decrease of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic decrease of at least 10 mmHg. Model 1 controlled for sex, age, and diabetes. Model 2 additionally controlled for ultrafiltration rate and antihypertensive medications. We conducted sensitivity analysis using OH definition of systolic BP decrease of at least 30 mmHg.

Findings

Among 57 participants, mean orthostatic systolic BP change was −7.30 (20) mmHg and mean ECV/weight was 0.24 (0.04) L/kg. Post‐HD ECV/weight was not associated with orthostatic systolic BP change (β = 8.2, p = 0.6). There were 16 participants with and 41 participants without OH. The ECV/weight did not differ between these groups (0.22 [0.04] vs. 0.24 [0.05] L/Kg, p = 0.09) and did not predict OH in logistic regression (OR 11, 4.04; 95% CI 0.2–671, 0.03–0.530 in the two models.) In a sensitivity analysis, ECV/weight was lower in the OH group (0.22 [0.03] vs. 0.25 [0.04] L/kg, p = 0.005), but this was accompanied by differences in sex and diabetes. Using logistic regression, there was no independent association between ECV/weight with OH.

Discussion

Orthostatic systolic BP change after HD completion is not a reliable indicator of posthemodialysis ECV. When considering other factors associated with orthostatic BP, ECV/weight is not independently associated with OH. Although transient postdialytic differences in intravascular volume may be associated with OH, posthemodialysis OH does not necessarily indicate ECV depletion.
Linking individuals’ resources with (perceived) sustainable employability: Perspectives from conservation of resources and social information processing theory
Authors: Jabeen Qudsia , Nadeem Muhammadi Sabra , Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Sajjad Aymen
Published: August 2021

Rapid technological advances, socio‐economic changes, globalization and increasingly dynamic working environments continue to present unique challenges for individuals with regard to sustaining their employability. While previous research highlights key factors that shape an individual's employability and ways of getting employment, there is a paucity of research on sustainable employability. To bridge this gap, this paper adopts an integrative review methodology to assess, analyse and synthesize extant literature on sustainable employability with the main focus on its antecedents. Building on conservation of resources theory and social information processing theory, our analysis demonstrates that sustainable employability involves three key components: employability, vitality and work ability. The analysis further reveals that sustainable employability can be achieved through selected personal and social support resources. Based on these we develop an integrative sustainable employability framework proposing personal and social support resources as key antecedents of sustainable employability. Personal resources comprise career competencies, psychological capital, mindfulness, core self‐evaluations and emotional intelligence. Social support resources are provided by co‐workers and supervisors and exhibited as social cues. With that, we extend and contribute to the sustainable employability literature by offering avenues for future research. From a managerial perspective, this review holds important implications for individuals to enrich their working capabilities as well as organizations to employ productive individuals.
La répartition fonctionnelle des revenus et les institutions du marché du travail: les deux grands absents du débat sur la croissance inclusive
Authors: ÁLVAREZ Ignacio , KEUNE Maarten , CRUCES Jesús , UXÓ Jorge
Published: August 2021

Les auteurs se demandent si les déclarations des institutions internationales en matière de croissance inclusive sont bien compatibles avec les recommandations formulées par ailleurs. Ils attirent aussi l'attention sur deux éléments clés du débat, souvent ignorés: la répartition fonctionnelle des revenus et la couverture conventionnelle. En utilisant un panel de quarante‐deux pays avancés, suivis de 1990 à 2018, ils montrent que le premier de ces éléments influe fortement sur les disparités de revenu, et le second, sur les variations de la part salariale et des inégalités. Pour promouvoir la croissance inclusive, les organisations devraient donc inclure ces éléments dans leur réflexion sur la politique à mener.
Une harmonisation imparfaite: conflits et relations professionnelles dans les secteurs des taxis et de l'assainissement en Chine
Authors: ZHANG Hao , FRIEDMAN Eli
Published: August 2021

Dans les années 1990, les villes chinoises ont ouvert les services municipaux au marché, une décision à l'origine de nombreux conflits sociaux. Les autorités locales ont alors cherché à harmoniser et à reréglementer les conditions d'emploi des travailleurs concernés. À partir de plusieurs études de cas sur les secteurs des taxis et de l'assainissement, à Wenzhou et Guangzhou, les auteurs constatent que celles‐ci ont mobilisé trois stratégies à cet effet: la syndicalisation, l'action publique et la concentration. Cependant, l'institutionnalisation est restée limitée, et les conflits ont perduré, avec quelques nuances. Les auteurs concluent en comparant les stratégies décrites à celles institutionnalisées en Occident.
La OIT y la eficacia personal de las normas internacionales del trabajo. Menos sencillo de lo que parece
Authors: DE STEFANO Valerio
Published: August 2021

Este artículo examina la eficacia personal de las normas internacionales del trabajo de la OIT. Observa que no establecen una definición universal de «empleado» ni de «relación de trabajo». Por consiguiente, cuando utilizan dichos términos, su alcance debe determinarse caso por caso y remitiéndose a los trabajos preparatorios y a las opiniones de los órganos de control de la OIT. Se analizan aquí en profundidad las referencias a los convenios fundamentales de la OIT por parte de los órganos de control y los debates más recientes de la OIT sobre la eficacia personal de las normas internacionales del trabajo.