bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifocal, multiphenotypic tumours arising from an MTOR mutation acquired in early embryogenesis
Authors: Pacyna Clarissa N. , Anandapadamanaban Madhanagopal , Loudon Kevin W. , Hay Iain M. , Perisic Olga , Li Ruoyan , Byrne Matthew , Allen Laura , Roberts Kirsty , Hooks Yvette , Warren Anne Y. , Stewart Grant D. , Clatworthy Menna R. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Behjati Sam , Campbell Peter J. , Williams Roger L. , Mitchell Thomas J.
Published: September 2024

Embryogenesis is a vulnerable time. Mutations in developmental cells can result in the wide dissemination of cells predisposed to disease within mature organs. We characterised the evolutionary history of four synchronous renal tumours from a 14-year-old girl using whole genome sequencing alongside single cell and bulk transcriptomic sequencing. Phylogenetic reconstruction timed the origin of all tumours to a multipotent embryonic cell committed to the right kidney, around 4 weeks post-conception. Biochemical and structural analysis of their shared MTOR mutation, absent from normal tissues, demonstrates enhanced protein flexibility, enabling a FAT domain hinge to dramatically increase activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Developmental mutations, not usually detected in traditional genetic screening, have vital clinical importance in guiding prognosis, targeted treatment, and family screening decisions for paediatric tumours.
Achieving excellence with interdisciplinary approaches in complex orthodontic adult patients
Authors: Schneider Ute E. M. , Moser Lorenz
Published: September 2024

Over the last decades the percentage of adult orthodontic patients has substantially increased. Undeniably, an important motif for seeking orthodontic care at an older age is smile improvement, but this is not all. Frequently, impaired dentofacial aesthetics are combined with several other issues: severe dentoskeletal malocclusions; multiple tooth loss due to caries or endodontic failure; dental agenesis or trauma; periodontal breakdown; or functional problems, such as temporomandibular disorders or obstructive sleep apnoea. Therefore, comprehensive adult treatment mostly requires close collaboration of a team of equally well-trained dental specialists to select and execute the most suitable treatment option for the individual patient from day one. With joint planning, intensive communication with the patient and the involved specialists, and continuous monitoring of the treatment process, true patient-centred care can be delivered. In order to serve the individual patient best, the treating orthodontist does not only need thorough speciality training and continuing education, but furthermore, should be well-equipped with sufficient knowledge of the other dental fields of expertise. In combination with digital technology as an important tool for enhancing communication and efficient exchange of information between all involved team members, excellent joint clinical skills will take comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment to the next level.
The orthodontic-endodontic interface: trauma and pulpal considerations
Authors: Parashos Peter
Published: September 2024

The interpretation of the clinical signs and symptoms arising from the interdisciplinary relationship between orthodontics and endodontics becomes more complicated when superimposed by dental trauma. A history of dental trauma before or during orthodontic tooth movement may have implications for pulpal health and clinical outcomes. An understanding of the biology is essential for appropriate treatment planning. This review and treatment recommendations will assist dental practitioners in managing orthodontic-endodontic interactions.
Periodontitis: orthodontic implications and management
Authors: Fleming Padhraig S. , Andrews James
Published: September 2024

Orthodontics is increasingly ingrained in the overall management of patients with periodontitis. Advanced periodontitis is often characterised by pathological tooth migration, loss of posterior support and incisal proclination. Orthodontics may therefore offer both aesthetic and therapeutic benefit. A tailored approach to treatment, however, is necessary given the myriad of presentations and associated risk. The nuances underpinning effective treatment planning, space creation, treatment mechanics, and retention in the periodontal patient are described.
DNA repair-dependent immunogenic liabilities in colorectal cancer: opportunities from errors
Authors: Amodio V. , Vitiello P. P. , Bardelli A. , Germano G.
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major causes of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy continues to serve as the primary treatment modality, while immunotherapy is largely ineffective for the majority of CRC patients. Seminal discoveries have emphasized that modifying DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms confers both cell-autonomous and immune-related vulnerabilities across various cancers. In CRC, approximately 15% of tumours exhibit alterations in the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery, resulting in a high number of neoantigens and the activation of the type I interferon response. These factors, in conjunction with immune checkpoint blockades, collectively stimulate anticancer immunity. Furthermore, although less frequently, somatic alterations in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway are observed in CRC; these defects lead to genome instability and telomere alterations, supporting the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in HR-deficient CRC patients. Additionally, other DDR inhibitors, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) inhibitors, have shown some efficacy both in preclinical models and in the clinical setting, irrespective of MMR proficiency. The aim of this review is to elucidate how preexisting or induced vulnerabilities in DNA repair pathways represent an opportunity to increase tumour sensitivity to immune-based therapies in CRC.
Unbiased screening identifies regulators of cell-cell adhesion and treatment options in pemphigus
Authors: Franz Henriette , Rathod Maitreyi , Zimmermann Aude , Stüdle Chiara , Beyersdorfer Vivien , Leal-Fischer Karen , Hanns Pauline , Cunha Tomás , Didona Dario , Hertl Michael , Scheibe Marion , Butter Falk , Schmidt Enno , Spindler Volker
Published: September 2024

Cell-cell junctions, and specifically desmosomes, are crucial for robust intercellular adhesion. Desmosomal function is compromised in the autoimmune blistering skin disease pemphigus vulgaris. We combine whole-genome knockout screening and a promotor screen of the desmosomal gene desmoglein 3 in human keratinocytes to identify novel regulators of intercellular adhesion. Kruppel-like-factor 5 (KLF5) directly binds to the desmoglein 3 regulatory region and promotes adhesion. Reduced levels of KLF5 in patient tissue indicate a role in pemphigus vulgaris. Autoantibody fractions from patients impair intercellular adhesion and reduce KLF5 levels in in vitro and in vivo disease models. These effects were dependent on increased activity of histone deacetylase 3, leading to transcriptional repression of KLF5. Inhibiting histone deacetylase 3 increases KLF5 levels and protects against the deleterious effects of autoantibodies in murine and human pemphigus vulgaris models. Together, KLF5 and histone deacetylase 3 are regulators of desmoglein 3 gene expression and intercellular adhesion and represent potential therapeutic targets in pemphigus vulgaris.
Emerging multiscale insights on microbial carbon use efficiency in the land carbon cycle
Authors: He Xianjin , Abs Elsa , Allison Steven D. , Tao Feng , Huang Yuanyuan , Manzoni Stefano , Abramoff Rose , Bruni Elisa , Bowring Simon P. K. , Chakrawal Arjun , Ciais Philippe , Elsgaard Lars , Friedlingstein Pierre , Georgiou Katerina , Hugelius Gustaf , Holm Lasse Busk , Li Wei , Luo Yiqi , Marmasse Gaëlle , Nunan Naoise , Qiu Chunjing , Sitch Stephen , Wang Ying-Ping , Goll Daniel S.
Published: September 2024

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) affects the fate and storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, but its global importance remains uncertain. Accurately modeling and predicting CUE on a global scale is challenging due to inconsistencies in measurement techniques and the complex interactions of climatic, edaphic, and biological factors across scales. The link between microbial CUE and soil organic carbon relies on the stabilization of microbial necromass within soil aggregates or its association with minerals, necessitating an integration of microbial and stabilization processes in modeling approaches. In this perspective, we propose a comprehensive framework that integrates diverse data sources, ranging from genomic information to traditional soil carbon assessments, to refine carbon cycle models by incorporating variations in CUE, thereby enhancing our understanding of the microbial contribution to carbon cycling.
Mapping domains of early life determinants of future multimorbidity across three UK longitudinal cohort studies
Authors: Stannard S. , Berrington A. , Fraser S. D.S , Paranjothy S. , Hoyle R. B. , Owen R. K. , Akbari A. , Shiranirad M. , Chiovoloni R. , Alwan N. A.
Published: September 2024

Many studies use a reductionist approach to isolate the influence of one factor in childhood on multimorbidity rather than consider the combined effect of wider determinants. We explored how potential multiple early life determinants of multimorbidity can be characterised across three UK cohort studies. We used the National Child Development Study (NCDS), the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), and the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Study (ACONF) to identified early life variables that fit into 12 conceptualised domains of early life determinants of multimorbidity. Variables were assigned into 12 domains; principal component analysis reduced the dimensionality of the data and structured variables into subgroups. The data audit identified 7 domains in ACONF, 10 domains in NCDS and 12 domains in BCS70. Dominant components included maternal fertility histories within the prenatal, antenatal and birth domain, long-term illnesses within the child health domain, educational ability within the child education and health literacy domain, ethnicity within the demography domain, parental health behaviours within the transgenerational domain, housing within the socioeconomic domain and parental-child interactions within the parental-family domain. We demonstrated that if multiple large scale longitudinal studies are used, there is enough data available for researchers to consider conceptualising early life risk factors of multimorbidity across groups or domains. Such conceptualisation can help challenge the existing understanding of disease aetiology and develop new ideas for prevention of multimorbidity.
Rapid analysis of amatoxins in human urine by means of affinity column chromatography and liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Vollmer Aline C. , Fecher-Trost Claudia , Bever Candace S. , Tam Christina C. , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R.
Published: September 2024

Analysis of amatoxins is of great importance as these cyclic peptides contribute to a high number of fatalities each year. Development of analytical approaches needs to focus on rapid, sensitive, and reliable methods. By establishing an affinity column chromatography-based assay using the monoclonal amanitin antibody AMA9G3 and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the trace detection of α-, β-, and γ-amanitin in human urine samples to confirm ingestion, we report the first approach that extents the current status of amatoxin analysis. The presented procedure allows detection of amatoxins in human urine down to 1 ng/mL. The method was successfully validated qualitatively for α- and γ-amanitin according to international recommendations. A proof of concept was performed by analyzing 37 urine samples after suspected amatoxin consumption submitted for regular clinical toxicological analysis. Using this antibody-based enrichment strategy, acute amatoxin intoxications can be determined within 90 min and due to the high sensitivity and selectivity, a comparable approach using target specific antibodies may also be used for other toxicological relevant peptides.
Comparative analysis of the genomes and aflatoxin production patterns of three species within the Aspergillus section Flavi reveals an undescribed chemotype and habitat-specific genetic traits
Authors: Schamann Alexandra , Soukup Sebastian T. , Geisen Rolf , Kulling Sabine , Schmidt-Heydt Markus
Published: September 2024

Aflatoxins are the most dangerous mycotoxins for food safety. They are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. minisclerotigenes. The latter, an understudied species, was the main culprit for outbreaks of fatal aflatoxicosis in Kenya in the past. To determine specific genetic characteristics of these Aspergillus species, their genomes are comparatively analyzed. Differences reflecting the typical habitat are reported, such as an increased number of carbohydrate-active enzymes, including enzymes for lignin degradation, in the genomes of A. minisclerotigenes and A. parasiticus. Further, variations within the aflatoxin gene clusters are described, which are related to different chemotypes of aflatoxin biosynthesis. These include a substitution within the aflL gene of the A. parasiticus isolate, which leads to the translation of a stop codon, thereby switching off the production of the group 1 aflatoxins B1 and G1. In addition, we demonstrate that the inability of the A. minisclerotigenes isolates to produce group G aflatoxins is associated with a 2.2 kb deletion within the aflF and aflU genes. These findings reveal a relatively high genetic homology among the three Aspergillus species investigated. However, they also demonstrate consequential genetic differences that have an important impact on risk-assessment and food safety.
Requirement of Nek2a and cyclin A2 for Wapl-dependent removal of cohesin from prophase chromatin
Authors: Hellmuth Susanne , Stemmann Olaf
Published: September 2024

Sister chromatid cohesion is mediated by the cohesin complex. In mitotic prophase cohesin is removed from chromosome arms in a Wapl- and phosphorylation-dependent manner. Sgo1-PP2A protects pericentromeric cohesion by dephosphorylation of cohesin and its associated Wapl antagonist sororin. However, Sgo1-PP2A relocates to inner kinetochores well before sister chromatids are separated by separase, leaving pericentromeric regions unprotected. Why deprotected cohesin is not removed by Wapl remains enigmatic. By reconstituting Wapl-dependent cohesin removal from chromatin in vitro, we discovered a requirement for Nek2a and Cdk1/2-cyclin A2. These kinases phosphorylate cohesin-bound Pds5b, thereby converting it from a sororin- to a Wapl-interactor. Replacement of endogenous Pds5b by a phosphorylation mimetic variant causes premature sister chromatid separation (PCS). Conversely, phosphorylation-resistant Pds5b impairs chromosome arm separation in prometaphase-arrested cells and suppresses PCS in the absence of Sgo1. Early mitotic degradation of Nek2a and cyclin A2 may therefore explain why only separase, but not Wapl, can trigger anaphase.
mTOR signalling controls the formation of smooth muscle cell-derived luminal myofibroblasts during vasculitis
Authors: Stock Angus T , Parsons Sarah , Hansen Jacinta A , D’Silva Damian B , Starkey Graham , Fayed Aly , Lim Xin Yi , D’Costa Rohit , Gordon Claire L , Wicks Ian P
Published: September 2024

The accumulation of myofibroblasts within the intimal layer of inflamed blood vessels is a potentially catastrophic complication of vasculitis, which can lead to arterial stenosis and ischaemia. In this study, we have investigated how these luminal myofibroblasts develop during Kawasaki disease (KD), a paediatric vasculitis typically involving the coronary arteries. By performing lineage tracing studies in a murine model of KD, we reveal that luminal myofibroblasts develop independently of adventitial fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and instead derive from smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Notably, the emergence of SMC-derived luminal myofibroblasts—in both mice and patients with KD, Takayasu’s arteritis and Giant Cell arteritis—coincided with activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. Moreover, SMC-specific deletion of mTOR signalling, or pharmacological inhibition, abrogated the emergence of luminal myofibroblasts. Thus, mTOR is an intrinsic and essential regulator of luminal myofibroblast formation that is activated in vasculitis patients and therapeutically tractable. These findings provide molecular insight into the pathogenesis of coronary artery stenosis and identify mTOR as a therapeutic target in vasculitis.
Glutaminolysis provides nucleotides and amino acids to regulate osteoclast differentiation in mice
Authors: Hu Guoli , Yu Yilin , Ren Yinshi , Tower Robert J , Zhang Guo-Fang , Karner Courtney M
Published: September 2024

Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells that are essential to maintain skeletal integrity and function. While many of the growth factors and molecular signals that govern osteoclastogenesis are well studied, how the metabolome changes during osteoclastogenesis is unknown. Using a multifaceted approach, we identified a metabolomic signature of osteoclast differentiation consisting of increased amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. Maintenance of the osteoclast metabolic signature is governed by elevated glutaminolysis. Mechanistically, glutaminolysis provides amino acids and nucleotides which are essential for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro. Genetic experiments in mice found that glutaminolysis is essential for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vivo. Highlighting the therapeutic implications of these findings, inhibiting glutaminolysis using CB-839 prevented ovariectomy induced bone loss in mice. Collectively, our data provide strong genetic and pharmacological evidence that glutaminolysis is essential to regulate osteoclast metabolism, promote osteoclastogenesis and modulate bone resorption in mice.
Probing the binding and antiparasitic efficacy of azobenzene G-quadruplex ligands to investigate G4 ligand design
Authors: Ramos-Soriano Javier , Holbrow-Wilshaw Maisie , Hunt Eliza , Jiang Y. Jennifer , Peñalver Pablo , Morales Juan C. , Galan M. Carmen
Published: September 2024

Azobenzene ligands targeting G4 DNA exhibit subnanomolar antiparasitic activity against T. brucei and a remarkable selectivity index (IC50 MRC-5/T. brucei) of 2285-fold.
Palladium/norbornene-catalyzed C–H/N–H cycloaddition of carbazoles with 2-halobenzoic acid derivatives
Authors: Liu Shilei , Nan Jiang , An Nan , Cao Rui , Zhu Lanxin , Yan Qiang , Zhang Hanqing , Liang Chengyuan
Published: September 2024

An example of palladium/norbornene-catalyzed C–H/N–H cycloaddition of carbazoles with 2-bromobenzoic acids is presented, in which a collection of important carbazoles is expeditiously obtained.
Serine 85 functions as a catalytic acid in the reprotonation process during EvAS-catalyzed astellifadiene biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Weiyan , Peng Kaitong , Lan Keying , Xu Kangwei , Wu Ruibo , Hsiang Tom , Nie Shaoping , Zhang Lixin , Wang Xinye , Liu Xueting
Published: September 2024

A joint computational chemistry and site-directed mutagenesis approach identified a protonated S85 residue as the catalytic acid in astellifadiene synthase EvAS.
Rigidochromism of tetranuclear Cu(i)–pyrazolate macrocycles: steric crowding with trifluoromethyl groups
Authors: Rajagopal Shinaj K. , Zeller Matthias , Savikhin Sergei , Slipchenko Lyudmila V. , Wei Alexander
Published: September 2024

Introducing CF3 between two tBu groups creates steric crowding that destabilizes the conformations of copper–pyrazolate tetramers. The impact of conformational behavior on luminescence is examined by low-temperature X-ray and photophysical studies.
Synthesis of a hierarchical TS-1 zeolite with tunable macropore size and its performance in the catalytic oxidation reactions
Authors: Zhu Shengjie , Zhang Xiaomin , Dong Lei , Yuan Yangyang , Ma Xiuyun , Chen Yanping , Xu Lei
Published: September 2024

Hierarchical TS-1 zeolites with tunable macropore size were synthesized based on a steam-assisted crystallization strategy, which exhibited excellent activity in the catalytic oxidation reactions.
Role of phonon scattering and bonding in resolving lattice thermal conductivity ambiguities of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh , Mukherjee Madhubanti , Singh Abhishek Kumar
Published: September 2024

Bonding nature-aware choice of supercell leads to accurate anisotropic phonon mean free path values by incorporating relevant phonon wavelengths and thereby to precise lattice thermal conductivity in β-Ga2O3 along all crystallographic directions.
Structural and transport properties of battery electrolytes at sub-zero temperatures
Authors: Rampal Nikhil , Weitzner Stephen E. , Cho Seongkoo , Orme Christine A. , Worsley Marcus A. , Wan Liwen F.
Published: September 2024

Formulating and establishing design principles to improve low-temperature performance of battery electrolytes.
Distinguishing bulk redox from near-surface degradation in lithium nickel oxide cathodes
Authors: An Lijin , Swallow Jack E. N. , Cong Peixi , Zhang Ruomu , Poletayev Andrey D. , Björklund Erik , Didwal Pravin N. , Fraser Michael W. , Jones Leanne A. H. , Phelan Conor M. E. , Ramesh Namrata , Harris Grant , Sahle Christoph J. , Ferrer Pilar , Grinter David C. , Bencok Peter , Hayama Shusaku , Islam M. Saiful , House Robert , Nellist Peter D. , Green Robert J. , Nicholls Rebecca J. , Weatherup Robert S.
Published: September 2024

Bulk redox activity in LiNiO2 proceeds without significant involvement of molecular oxygen, whose formation is instead associated with surface degradation.
Hydrogen bond-mediated pseudo-halide complexation for stable and efficient perovskite precursors and solar cells
Authors: Yong Taeyeong , Choi Seongmin , Kim Soo-Kwan , Han Sanghun , Seo Gayoung , Kim Hae Jeong , Park Jin Young , Yu Han Na , You Hyung Ryul , Lee Eon Ji , Lee Gyudong , Lee Wonjong , Kim Sunkyu , Yun Siwon , Lee Yujin , Lee Jaebaek , Kim Dae-Hwan , Lim Sung Jun , Nam Dae-Hyun , Kim Younghoon , Lim Jongchul , Moon Byung Joon , Choi Jongmin
Published: September 2024

We present an integrated stabilizing approach to manage both perovskite precursors and films through modification by hydrogen bonding-mediated complexation.
Unprecedented inorganic HTL-based MA-free Sn–Pb perovskite photovoltaics with an efficiency over 23%
Authors: Lee Seojun , Ryu Jun , Lee Dong-Gun , Pandey Padmini , Oh Chang-Mok , Hwang In-Wook , Cho SungWon , Yoon Saemon , Lee Jeong-Yeon , Kang Dong-Won
Published: September 2024

This study presents a highly efficient, stable MA-free Sn–Pb perovskite solar cell with a NiOx-based HTL and GeOx passivation.
Bimodal data fusion of LIBS spectroscopy and plasma acoustic emission signals: improving the accuracy of machining process identification for low roughness samples
Authors: Xiong Shilei , Cui Minchao , Yang Nan , Shi Guangyuan , Pi Yuxin , Mu Yuyang , Zhang Yuntao , Zhao Yue
Published: September 2024

The fusion of LIBS spectral data with PAES data improves machining process classification identification accuracy.
Sidechain structure–activity relationships of cyclobutane-based small molecule αvβ3 antagonists
Authors: Throup Adam , Zraikat Manar Saleh , Gordon Andrew , Jafarinejad Soumehsaraei Shohreh , Haase Kathrin D. , Patterson Laurence H. , Cooper Patricia A. , Hanlon Katherine , Loadman Paul M. , Sutherland Mark , Shnyder Steven D. , Sheldrake Helen M.
Published: September 2024

Cyclobutanes provide a versatile scaffold for the synthesis of small molecule integrin antagonists with good metabolic stability and in vivo tolerability.
Thermomechanical properties of confined magnetic nanoparticles in electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber matrix exposed to a magnetic environment: structure, morphology, and stabilization (cyclization)
Authors: Sarac Baran , Soprunyuk Viktor , Herwig Gordon , Gümrükçü Selin , Kaplan Ekrem , Yüce Eray , Schranz Wilfried , Eckert Jürgen , Boesel Luciano F. , Sarac A. Sezai
Published: September 2024

The incorporation of Fe-based nanofillers for the optimization of the nanofiber of polyacrylonitrile matrix was achieved through non-covalent bonding. Produced nanofibers can optimize the influence of the intracellular environment.
Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using fibrous silica titania and Ti3AlC2 catalysts for sustainable wastewater treatment
Authors: Samia  , Usman Muhammad , Osman Ahmed I. , Khan Khurram Imran , Saeed Faiq , Zeng Yilan , Motola Martin , Dai Haitao
Published: September 2024

Visible light photocatalysis offers a green and sustainable approach to wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
The H/F substitution strategy can achieve large spontaneous polarization in 1D hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics
Authors: Liu Jiu-Yang , Lun Meng-Meng , Wang Zhi-Jie , Li Jun-Yi , Ding Kun , Fu Da-Wei , Lu Hai-Feng , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2024

In this study, a one-dimensional lead-based hybrid perovskite ferroelectric with the largest saturation polarization was obtained.
Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopic study of molecular nanoaggregate photocatalysts
Authors: Li Chao , Liu Tao , Thwaites Owen , Gardner Adrian M. , Sazanovich Igor V. , Yang Haofan , Li Xiaobo , Cooper Andrew I. , Cowan Alexander J.
Published: September 2024

The controlled aggregation of organic chromophores into supramolecular structures offers a way to control and tune photocatalytic activity.
Harnessing glycofluoroforms for impedimetric biosensing
Authors: Hewson Alice R. , Lloyd-Laney Henry O. , Keenan Tessa , Richards Sarah-Jane , Gibson Matthew I. , Linclau Bruno , Signoret Nathalie , Fascione Martin A. , Parkin Alison
Published: September 2024

A glycofluoroform biosensor platform is coupled to an electrochemical readout to detect cancer-associated galectin-3. The electrode modification mitigates against non-specific binding while Bayesian analysis monitors experimental reproducibility.
Synthesis and crystallization of a carboxylate functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene-based Au13 cluster with strong photo-luminescence
Authors: Yuan Xiting , Ye Zichen , Malola Sami , Shekhah Osama , Jiang Hao , Hu Xinyan , Wang Jian-Xin , Wang Hong , Shkurenko Aleksander , Jia Jiangtao , Guillerm Vincent , Mohammed Omar F. , Chen Xiaolan , Zheng Nanfeng , Häkkinen Hannu , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: September 2024

The synthesis and crystallization of a –COOH-capped N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-protected Au13 cluster with high photoluminescence.
Synthesis, evaluation and modification of heterofunctional polyester dendrimers with internally queued bromide groups
Authors: Singh Arunika , Hutchinson Daniel J. , Montañez Maria Isabel , Sanz del Olmo Natalia , Malkoch Michael
Published: September 2024

Heterofunctional polyester dendrimers with internal bromides were synthesized and converted to azide analogues via azidation. The internal groups and peripheral functionalities were modified with CuAAC, thiol-bromo click and esterification reactions.
A novel family of asymmetric generalized passive voltage‐controlled memristive system
Authors: Cao Hongbo , Liu Jun , Wang Faqiang
Published: September 2024

Research on the physical memristive system is vital for realizing widespread applications of the memristor in practical engineering. In this article, a family of the asymmetric generalized passive voltage‐controlled memristive system (AGPVCMS) is proposed; also the mathematical model of the AGPVCMS is established and its remarkable memristive characteristics are analysed. Especially, the AGPVCMS only consists of the diode bridge and LR filter, however it can enhance its asymmetry as well as display various asymmetrical pinched hysteresis loops in the voltage–current plane, via expediently changing the number of the diodes on different bridge arms. In addition, the effectiveness of the AGPVCMS is verified by the consistency between theoretical and experimental results.
Demographics of tidal disruption events with L-Galaxies
Authors: Polkas M. , Bonoli S. , Bortolas E. , Izquierdo-Villalba D. , Sesana A. , Broggi L. , Hoyer N. , Spinoso D.
Published: September 2024

Stars can be ripped apart by tidal forces in the vicinity of a massive black hole (MBH), causing luminous flares known as tidal disruption events (TDEs). These events could be contributing to the mass growth of intermediate-mass MBHs. New samples from transient surveys can provide useful information on this unexplored growth channel. This work aims to study the demographics of TDEs by modeling the coevolution of MBHs and their galactic environments in a cosmological framework. We use the semianalytic galaxy formation model L-Galaxies BH, which follows the evolution of galaxies as well as of MBHs, including multiple scenarios for MBH seeds and growth, spin evolution, and binary MBH dynamics. We associated time-dependent TDE rates with each MBH depending on the stellar environment, following the solutions to the 1D Fokker Planck equation solved with PHASEFLOW. Our model produces volumetric rates that are in agreement with the latest optical and previous X-ray samples. This agreement requires a high occupation fraction of nuclear star clusters with MBHs since these star reservoirs host the majority of TDEs at all mass regimes. We predict that TDE rates are an increasing function of MBH mass up to ∼105.5 M⊙, beyond which the distribution flattens and eventually drops for > 107 M⊙. In general, volumetric rates are predicted to be redshift independent at z < 1. We discuss how the spin distribution of MBHs around the event horizon suppression can be constrained via TDE rates and the average contribution of TDEs to the MBH growth. In our work, the majority of low-mass galaxies host nuclear star clusters that have their loss-cone depleted by z = 0, explaining why TDEs are rare in these systems. This highlights how essential time-dependent TDE rates are for any model to be in good agreement with observations at all mass regimes.
Flocculation-filtration method for harvesting Euglena sp.
Authors: Firmansyah Edo , Sadewo Brilian Ryan , Dewayanto Nugroho , Suyono Eko Agus , Budiman Arief
Published: September 2024

Euglena sp. is a type of microalgae that can produce various biomolecules including proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, and can also be the best source of biomass because it contains lipids, which are especially useful for extracting and converting it into biodiesel. Unfortunately, harvesting Euglena sp. biomass is a challenge. Most of the production costs are occur in the harvesting process. The primary concerns revolve around efficiency levels and the operational costs. The methodology used in this study is by combining the flocculation method using Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) with the filtration method to answer the existing challenges. The purpose of this study is to provide scientific information related to efficient and effective methods for harvesting Euglena sp. The parameters measured in this study are Cell Density and dry weight of biomass. This study showed that by using the flocculation method first before the filtration method, through optimal settling time treatment, even by using cheap filtration materials.This study indicated that the flocculation method with optimal settling time treatment as a pretreatment before the filtration method is an efficient and effective method for harvesting Euglena sp.
Biostimulant effects of Moringa oleifera on growth and antioxidant activity in red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) microgreens
Authors: Amalia Rifka , Fardhani Dinar Mindrati , Syarifah Sharfina Mutia
Published: September 2024

The development of newfound functional foods is a key driver of innovation in the food industry, aiming to meet the growing demand and expectations of consumers for healthier options. Microgreens are gaining popularity as functional foods due to their high nutrient density and rich content of bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites. To optimize its growth and antioxidant content, natural additives such as Moringa oleifera leaf extract can be used. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L) microgreens after the application of MLE as a biostimulant. The red amaranth seeds were planted on rockwool where biostimulants can be easily integrated into plant growth. Furthermore, the relationship between used concentration and biostimulant potential of extracts was observed. To determine the antioxidant properties of all tested extracts, four different concentrations of MLE 0% w/v, 10% w/v, 15% w/v, and 20% w/v were used. The highest ability to scavenge DPPH radical was shown by the extract at the highest tested concentration of MLE 20% w/v. In the highest concentration, the ability to scavenge DPPH radical was on 47,78 ppm, which is categorized as a very strong antioxidant. These results indicate that red amaranth microgreen given the addition of MLE has a high inhibitory value of free radicals. Furthermore, the 20% w/v MLE concentration significantly enhanced plant growth, resulting in nearly a 50% increase in microgreen height, as well as in fresh and dry weight, compared to the control. Considering these findings, suggest that MLE is an effective natural additive for improving the nutritional value and growth performance of red amaranth microgreens.
Biotechnology application of single enzyme and multienzyme in feed, and its effect on growth performance and carcass persentage in broiler
Authors: Yanti Amalia Firdaus , Mahfudhoh Ni’matul Laili Nur , Sajidan  , Budiharjo Agung
Published: September 2024

Bromelain as a single enzyme is widely used as a meat tenderizer; but it can damage meat cells. The effect of adding multienzyme Phyprozyme HP in feed is not yet known, so it needs to be researched. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance and carcass persentage of broilers with addition of single enzyme and multienzymes. Each enzymes use 72 Lohman MB 202 Grade Platinum broilers aged 21 to 35 days, 6 treatments and 4 replications with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Each enzymes use 72 broilers with 6 treatments and 4 replications. P0 as the control feed. Bromelain was added at P1 (600), P2 (1200), P3(1800), P4 (2400), P5 (3000) GDU/kg. Phyprozyme HP was added at P1 (0.19), P2 (0.26), P3 (0.33), P4 (0.40), and P5 (0.47) g/kg. Parameters measured include body weight, body weight gain, and carcass percentage. The results are analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The addition of bromelain in feed decreases body weight, while the addition of multienzyme significantly improves broiler performance up to a dose of 0.33 g/kg feed. The addition bromelain decreases carcass percentage to 11.07%, while the addition of multienzyme increases carcass percentage to 8.83%, but decreases it to 7.68% at the highest dose.
Strategy to select the CRISPR/Cas9 target sequences of the sucrose-phosphate synthase gene for assembling an efficient gRNA spacer in shallot
Authors: Santoso Tri Joko , Sisharmini Atmitri , Apriana Aniversari , Nugroho Kristianto , Ambarwati Alberta Dinar
Published: September 2024

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Allii, is a newly identified pathogen that infects shallots. This disease can lead to yield losses ranging from 20% to 100%. The genome editing system via CRISPR/Cas-9 is a technology that can be used to modify susceptibility genes accurately and precisely. The target gene for CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing system to develop a BLB-resistant shallot is the sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS). One of the critical factors in the CRSPR/Cas-9 genome editing includes the preparation of single guide RNA (sgRNA) design and construction of it into an expression plasmid vector. The study aimed to develop strategies for selecting the SPS gene’s CRISPR/Cas9 target sequences to assemble an efficient gRNA spacer in shallot. The gRNA design of the SPS gene was carried out using the software at http://crispor.tefor.net/. The efficiency of sgRNAs is then filtered and predicted based on GC contents, the last four nucleotides, secondary RNA structure, and stem loops. The construction of the CRISPR/Cas9 module was carried out using the Golden Gate method. The results showed that based on the selection of target gRNA sequences in the SPS gene, one of the best gRNAs, gRNA-54/forw, has been produced for use in SPS gene editing research. The best-selected gRNA of the SPS gene was then successfully inserted into the CRISPR/Cas9 pRGEB32 cassette vector after verification using DNA sequencing analysis. Based on this result, the pRGEB32_gRNA-AcSPS construct is ready to be introduced into shallot to develop a BLB-resistant shallot variety.
Nutritional composition of Sargassum sp. and Padina sp.
Authors: Indriyawati Novi , Supriyanto  , Nabwiyah Nanda Dhea Nurun
Published: September 2024

Macroalgae are primary producers supporting marine ecosystems by providing food and oxygen. Industrially, they are valuable as raw materials or additives in products such as pharmaceuticals, health supplements, cosmetics, food and animal feed. The aim of this research is to know the nutritional composition of two species of macroalgae from Mamburit Island, including proximate, vitamin, and dietary fiber. The content of carbohydrate of Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. was 73.5 % and 66. 8 %. Moisture, ash, fat and protein content of Sargassum were 8.5 %, 2.6 %, 0.5 % and 4.3 %, and the content of moisture, ash, fat and protein from Padina were 9.7 %, 2.9 %, 0.6 %, and 4.3 %. Vitamin C and dietary fiber content were 1.5 mg/100g and 10.3 % of Sargassum sp., 2,5 mg/100g and 15.5 % of Padina sp. These findings highlight the potential of these macroalgae as nutrient rich resources.
Development of recombinant vp1 protein immunised in mice as a model of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine
Authors: Widayanti Tika , Pambudi Sabar , Irawan Setyo Utomo Doddy , Maryam Romsyah , Suryanggono Jodi , Nurlaila Ika , Sulfianti Asri
Published: September 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that infects cloven-hoofed animals, becoming a serious threat to livestock production and leading to significant economic losses. The re-occurring FMD outbreak in Indonesia was reported back in 2022, causing hundreds of cattle deaths. The immunogenic viral capsid VP1 protein has been extensively researched as a vaccine candidate despite the fact that the existing FMD vaccine uses an inactivated virus. The vp1 gene (648 bps) from FMD virus serotype O was integrated into pET-32b vector and transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10F’. The recombinant pET32b-VP1-1D plasmid was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), followed by N-terminal His tag purification. Protein profiles were determined with SDS-PAGE, showing the target protein at 33KDa. Five 6-week-old BALB/c mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of 50 μg and 100 μg protein, respectively, with two booster shots within two-week intervals. The immune response of polyclonal antibodies was tested using indirect ELISA, resulting in a high absorbance signal compared to non-immunized mice. Thus, the outcomes demonstrate that the VP1 recombinant protein from this study has potential as an immunogen in FMD vaccine development.
Utilization of Weissella confusa isolated from soymilk for soymilk fermentation
Authors: Retnowati Faizah Diah , Purwestri Yekti Asih
Published: September 2024

Soy milk is widely used as a substitute for dairy milk, mainly due to intolerances towards the lactose content in dairy milk. This type of intolerance is prevalent worldwide as over 65% of people are intolerant to lactose, which could cause effects such as bloating and diarrhea. However, a main disadvantage of soy milk is its beany flavor, which is caused by the enzyme lipoxygenase which breaks down polyunsaturated fatty acids. One of the popular methods of remove this flavor is by the fermentation of soy milk. During this study, the fermentation of soymilk is done by Weissella confusa, which belongs to the lactic acid bacteria group, isolated from soy milk and compared with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. The overall fermentation ability is observed through the (1) colony forming units/mL of the bacteria, (2) pH, and (3) lactic acid content, which was done through the calculation of the titratable acidity of the fermented product, after 6 hours of fermentation at 37 °C. The results showed that the Weissella confusa isolate obtained an overall better fermentation ability than Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, with higher number of CFU/mL, reaching 5.5×109 CFU/mL, a lower pH of 4, and a higher lactic acid content of 0.27%. However, further studies are required to verify the use of Weissella confusa as a probiotic bacteria for human consumption.
The effect of blanching and food additives on the shelf life of kopyor coconut flesh preserved in chiller
Authors: Sinta Masna M. , Faramitha Yora , Saptari Rizka T. , Dimawarnita Firda , Riyadi Imron , Prakoso Haryo T. , Sumaryono
Published: September 2024

Kopyor coconut is a unique coconut native to Indonesia characterized by crumbly flesh and a savory taste. Unlike common coconuts, kopyor coconut undergoes natural mutation, lacking the ability to produce the enzyme α-galactosidase, which results in its distinctive flesh compared to normal coconuts. In nature, kopyor coconuts are rarely found, making them expensive. Kopyor coconuts are distributed as whole fruits, peeled fruits, or repackaged flesh. Kopyor coconut has a shorter shelf life than normal coconut, therefore efforts to extend the shelf life of kopyor coconut flesh are necessary. This study investigated the efficacy of blanching and food additives (potassium sorbate and sugar) in extending the shelf life of kopyor coconut flesh stored under chiller conditions in aluminum pouches. The results showed that the appearance of all treatments remained acceptable until the 6th week. The TSC (Total solid content) results indicated that the blanching-sugar treatment had the lowest values among all treatments. The pH of each treatment did not differ significantly, except for the sugar without blanching treatment, where the pH tended to be lower than other treatments and the control. Based on TPC (Total plate count) result, blanching treatment effectively inhibited microbial growth in kopyor coconut flesh until the 6th week, especially in treatments without food additives. Organoleptic tests on appearance, aroma, taste, and texture showed the highest overall preference for the blanching-sugar treatment.
Increasing the production of insulin glargine in Pichia pastoris through medium modification
Authors: Hardianto Dudi , Safarrida Anna , Prayoga Gilang Surya , Ananda Zr Yufva Pramudia , Munirah  , Martius Efrida , Royani Juwartina Ida , Hartuti Endah Dwi
Published: September 2024

Insulin is the primary drug for managing diabetes mellitus, especially for individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Producing insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin analogue, using Pichia pastoris is a notable advancement in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This research aims to increase the yield of insulin glargine in Pichia pastoris. The effects of these mediums and vitamins on cell growth and insulin glargine expression levels were evaluated. The findings revealed that the addition of vitamins to the minimal medium (MM) and ½ basal salt medium (BSM) increased insulin glargine production. This study highlights the critical role of vitamins in maximizing the efficiency of insulin glargine production in Pichia pastoris. The addition of vitamins to MM and ½ BSM mediums enhances the production of insulin glargine.
Research on the influence of Spillover effect on dual-channel supply chain under the background of live-streaming marketing
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Zhou Lanlan , Shen Yuxuan
Published: September 2024

In the context of live streaming marketing, it is crucial for members of the supply chain to allocate resources not only to enhance product quality through quality improvement efforts but also towards marketing initiatives aimed at boosting sales. This paper focuses on a dual-channel supply chain comprising a brand vendor and a streamer and investigates the spillover effect of the live streaming channel on traditional channels and product goodwill. By analyzing the Stackelberg game and differential game, this study compares the optimal equilibrium strategy and equilibrium profit under two decentralized models: the brand vendor-dominated decentralized model and the streamer-dominated decentralized model, as well as the centralized decision-making model. Additionally, this paper presents the optimal strategy and profit function of the product goodwill trajectory for the brand vendor, streamer, and the entire supply chain, considering different spillover effects using numerical simulation. The analysis reveals that the level of quality improvement consistently increases over time, while the variation in product goodwill is more diverse. The optimal pricing of products is influenced by the market share of the channel with goods under the decision of the two decentralized models. Risk-averse brands tend to collaborate with waist and tail streamers to gain control over bargaining power, while risk-seeking brands often choose top streamers to distribute their goods when the market share of goods channels is significant. The overall profitability of the supply chain is influenced by consumers’ preferences for quality and marketing.
Future challenges in the surgical treatment of breast cancer – Oncoplastic, prophylactic procedures and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Hahn Markus , Böer Bettina , Gürgan Selin , Marx Mario
Published: September 2024

Medical knowledge is doubling faster and faster. Surgeons are highly specialized and must be trained not only in surgery, but also in imaging and oncology to meet the modern requirements of a breast center. This article describes what has changed in the surgical treatment of breast cancer over the past 20 years since the introduction of certified breast centers in Germany, and what could change in the future. Pre- and post-operative conferences have become a central component of the interdisciplinary exchange of information. Every breast-conserving operation must be precisely planned, marked and carried out in a controlled manner. Basic anatomical knowledge is not sufficient enough to perform a prophylactic mastectomy. Implant-based reconstructions change their shape and strength over time and usually lead to follow-up operations. Tissue engineering offers interesting approaches to replace the disadvantages of conventional implants in order to achieve the durability and quality similar to autologous tissue reconstructions.