bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arenicolsterol A, a Novel Cytotoxic Enolic Sulfated Sterol from a Marine Annelid Arenicola cristata.
Authors: Chen Bin , Shen Xian‐Rong , Kong Ji‐Lie
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxyphenylalanines Using Imino 1,2‐Wittig Rearrangement of Hydroximates.
Authors: Miyata Okiko , Asai Hiroshi , Naito Takeaki
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Linderol A and Its First Conversion to (.+‐.)‐6‐epi‐Adunctin E.
Authors: Yamashita Masayuki , Shimizu Takashi , Inaba Tomoki , Takada Ai , Takao Ikuko , Kawasaki Ikuo , Ohta Shunsaku
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microbial Cleavage of C—F Bond
Authors: Natarajan Ramesha , Azerad Robert , Badet Bernard , Copin Elodie
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Linkers for Solid‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Knepper Kerstin , Gil Carmen , Brase Stefan
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Theoretical and Synthetic Aspects of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Reactions of Thioamides
Authors: Bakulev Vasiliy A. , Belskaia Natalia P. , Mokrushin Vladimir S.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aluminum Amides
Authors: Ooi T. , Maruoka K.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aluminum Thiolates
Authors: Ooi T. , Maruoka K.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nanoporous Materials as Supports for Enzyme Immobilization
Authors: Yiu Humphrey H. P. , Wright Paul A.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Charme und Chancen der Weißen Biotechnologie
Authors: Flaschel E. , Sell D.
Published: August 2005

Die Weiße Biotechnologie ist keine neue Disziplin, sondern fasst nur ein Segment der Biotechnologie zusammen, um sie von den beiden anderen großen Segmenten – der Roten und der Grünen Biotechnologie – abzuheben. Sie ist in den Fokus geraten, weil bahnbrechende Verfahren zur Analyse biologischer Systeme eine Neubetrachtung der Potenziale der Biotechnologie zur Folge haben. Neue Entwicklungen sind abzusehen, wie über genombasierte Daten mit Hilfe der Bioinformatik, der Molekularbiologie und der Bioverfahrenstechnik Prozesse in ganzheitlicher Betrachtung optimiert werden. Wegen relativ einfacher biologischer Systeme, aber vielfältiger Anwendungen wird die Weiße Biotechnologie als Vorreiterdisziplin ins Feld geführt. Durch die Förderung interdisziplinärer Ansätze zur integralen Prozessentwicklung sollte die biotechnologisch orientierte Industrie in weitem Maße profitieren. Dies gilt insbesondere für das wissenschaftliche Umfeld und die kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen, die mehr und mehr vom Zugang zu den modernen Methoden der Biotechnologie abhängen. Im internationalen Rahmen ist gerade auf dem Gebiet der Weißen Biotechnologie eine konkurrenzfähige Situation in Deutschland festzustellen. Es bedarf jedoch einer nachhaltigen und langfristigen Unterstützung, damit sowohl die Wissenschaft als auch die Industrie nicht den Anschluss an die internationale Entwicklung der Weißen Biotechnologie verlieren.
Quality of life among patients with Stage II and III breast carcinoma randomized to receive high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support or intermediate‐dose chemotherapy
Authors: Peppercorn Jeffrey , Herndon James , Kornblith Alice B. , Peters William , Ahles Tim , Vredenburgh James , Schwartz Gary , Shpall Elizabeth , Hurd David D. , Holland Jimmie , Winer Eric ,   The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) and The Southwestern Oncology Group (SWOG)Group
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) after treatment among patients who had breast carcinoma with multiple positive lymph nodes. The patients were randomized to receive either high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (HDC) or intermediate‐dose chemotherapy (IDC) in the adjuvant setting.

METHODS

Two hundred forty‐six patients with AJCC Stage IIA, IIB, or IIIA breast carcinoma who had ≥ 10 positive lymph nodes and who were participants in Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9082 were enrolled in this companion study, CALGB 9066. Patients were randomized to receive either high‐dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and cisplatin (CPA/cDDP/BCNU) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (the HDC arm) or intermediate‐dose CPA/cDDP/BCNU as consolidation to adjuvant chemotherapy (the IDC arm). QOL was assessed at baseline and at 3 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months using the Functional Living Index‐Cancer (FLIC), the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS)‐Self Report, and the McCorkle Symptom Distress Scale (SDS).

RESULTS

At the 3‐month assessment, patients in the HDC arm demonstrated significant worsening of QOL compared with the IDC arm in terms of their physical well being (FLIC, P = 0.023), social functioning (FLIC, P = 0.026; PAIS, P < 0.0001), symptom distress (SDS, P = 0.0002), and total QOL scores (FLIC, P = 0.042). At 12 months, the differences in QOL scores between the HDC arm and the IDC arm had resolved.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who received more intensive adjuvant therapy experienced transient declines in QOL. By 12 months after therapy, QOL was comparable between the 2 arms, regardless of therapy intensity, and many QOL areas were improved from baseline. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
On generalized stochastic perturbation‐based finite element method
Authors: Kamiński Marcin
Published: August 2005

Generalized nth order stochastic perturbation technique, that can be applied to solve some boundary value or boundary initial problems in computational physics and/or engineering with random parameters is proposed here. This technique is demonstrated in conjunction with the finite element method (FEM) to model 1D linear elastostatics problem with a single random variable. The symbolic computer program is employed to perform computational studies on convergence of the first two probabilistic moments for simple unidirectional tension of a bar. These numerical studies verify the influence of coefficient of variation of the random input and, at the same time, of the perturbation parameter on the first two probabilistic moments of the final solution vector. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of chitosan with genipin and its fluorogenic attributes for potential microcapsule membrane characterization
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Ouyang Wei , Lawuyi Bisi , Martoni Christopher , Prakash Satya
Published: August 2005

This study investigates the fluorogenic characteristics of the chitosan–genipin reaction for applications in microencapsulation research. Results showed that the chitosan–genipin reaction generated a colored and fluorescent product, with optimal excitation and emission wavelengths at 369 and 470 nm, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that reaction conditions affected the fluorescence intensity of the product. Mixture at the ratio of 4:1 (chitosan: genipin by weight) fluoresced the most. It also fluoresced stronger if the reaction occurred at higher temperature, with the intensity of 10.4 × 105 CPS at 37°C, 5.9 × 105 CPS at 20°C, and 2.5 × 105 CPS at 4°C. As well, the fluorescence of the mixture developed gradually over time, attaining the emission maxima of 2.9 × 105, 7.6 × 105, and 10.0 × 105 CPS in 1, 6, and 18 h, respectively. Chitosan‐coated alginate microcapsules were prepared without prior labeling, to which subsequent genipin treatment was applied in order to examine the potential of using genipin in microcapsule characterization. Chitosan bound to the alginate beads interacted with genipin, from which the resultant fluorescent signals allowed for clear visualization of the chitosan coating under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The relative fluorescence intensity across the chitosan membrane was found to be considerably higher than the controls (175 vs. 50). The membrane thickness measured was 29.2 ± 7.3 μm. These findings demonstrate a convenient and effective way of characterizing chitosan‐based microcapsules using genipin as a fluorogenic marker, a technique that will be useful in microcapsule research and other biomedical applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Dermal fibroblasts cultured on small intestinal submucosa: Conditions for the formation of a neotissue
Authors: Cimini Massimo , Boughner Derek R. , Ronald John A. , Johnston Danielle E. , Rogers Kem A.
Published: August 2005

Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a naturally occurring, acellular biomaterial that has been used extensively as a soft tissue replacement, as a scaffold for tissue engineering, and as a substrate for the study of cells in 3D culture. The aim of this study is to define culture parameters that promote neotissue formation with the use of dermal fibroblasts and SIS. SIS sheets were seeded with dermal fibroblasts and cultured for 4 weeks. The resultant cell‐scaffold composites (CSCs) were cultured with media alone, media supplemented with ascorbic acid, or fibronectin‐pretreated SIS and ascorbic acid. CSCs were analyzed for cellular invasion into the scaffold, the rate of type I collagen production, MMP gelatinolytic activity, thickness, and ultrastructural morphology. CSCs treated with fibronectin and ascorbate showed an increase in Type I collagen production, no change in the MMP gelatinolytic activity, an increase in CSC thickness, and an organized neotissue on the surface of the SIS. Minimal cellular invasion was noted, suggesting that fibroblasts use the SIS as a template for neotissue growth rather than as a scaffold. These results indicate that fibronectin‐treated SIS cultured with dermal fibroblasts in the presence of ascorbic acid will promote true neotissue formation for future cardiovascular tissue engineering efforts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Three‐dimensional fiber‐deposited PEOT/PBT copolymer scaffolds for tissue engineering: Influence of porosity, molecular network mesh size, and swelling in aqueous media on dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Moroni L. , de Wijn J. R. , van Blitterswijk C. A.
Published: August 2005

Among novel scaffold fabrication techniques, 3D fiber deposition (3DF) has recently emerged as a means to fabricate well‐defined and custom‐made scaffolds for tissue regeneration, with 100% interconnected pores. The mechanical behavior of these constructs is dependent not only on different three‐dimensional architectural and geometric features, but also on the intrinsic chemical properties of the material used. These affect the mechanics of the solid material and eventually of 3D porous constructs derived from them. For instance, poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)‐poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) block copolymers are known to have mechanical properties, depending on the PEOT/PBT weight ratio in block form and on the molecular weight of the initial poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blocks. These differences are enhanced even more by their different swelling properties in aqueous media. Therefore, this article examines the influence of copolymer compositions in terms of their swelling on dynamic mechanical properties of solid material and porous 3DF scaffolds. The molecular weight of the starting PEG blocks used in the copolymer synthesis varied from 300 to 1000 g/mol. The PEOT/PBT weight ratio in the blocks used varied from 55/45 to 80/20. This corresponded to an increase of the swelling ratio Q from 1.06 to 2.46, and of the mesh size ξ from ∼ 9 Å to ∼ 47 Å. With increased swelling, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a decrease in elastic response and an increase of viscoelasticity. Thus, by coupling structural and chemical characteristics, the viscoelastic properties of PEOT/PBT 3DF scaffolds may be fine tuned to achieve mechanical requirements for a variety of engineered tissues. Ultimately, the combination of 3DF and DMA may be useful to validate the hypothesis that mimicking the biomechanical behavior of a specific tissue for its optimal replacement is an important issue for at least some tissue‐engineering applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Determination of bradykinin and arg‐bradykinin in rat muscle tissue by microdialysis and capillary column‐switching liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Wilson Steven Ray , Boix Fernando , Holm Anders , Molander Pål , Lundanes Elsa , Greibrokk Tyge
Published: August 2005

Quantification of bradykinin peptides in limited amounts of rat muscle tissue dialysate has been performed using a packed capillary LC‐ESI‐TOF‐MS method. The micro dialysate samples (450 μL) with added internal standard were loaded onto a 1 mm×5 mm loading column packed with 5 μm Kromasil C18 particles by a carrier solution of 0.1% formic acid in ACN/water (5:95, v/v) at a flow rate of 250 μL/min for online preconcentration of the analytes. Back‐flushed elution onto a 150 mm× 0.5 mm Zorbax C18 column packed with 5 μm particles was conducted using a linear solvent ACN/H2O gradient containing 0.1% formic acid. (Tyr8)‐bradykinin was used as an internal standard and was added to the dialysis sample prior to injection. Baseline separation of bradykinin, arg‐bradykinin and (tyr8)‐bradykinin was achieved within 10 min. Positive ESI was performed in the m/z range of 200–1300. The method was validated in the range 0.2–1.0 ng/mL dialysate, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.995 and 0.990 for bradykinin and arg‐bradykinin, respectively. The within‐assay and between‐assay precisions were between 4.3–9.6% and 6.2–10.6%, respectively. Both arg‐bradykinin and bradykinin were detected in dialysate from rat muscle tissue, at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.4 ng/mL for bradykinin and arg‐bradykinin, respectively, confirming the presence of arg‐bradykinin in rat muscles.
Analysis of Internet topology with a three‐level components model
Authors: Ida Takanori
Published: August 2005

The vertical structure of the Internet is considered as having three‐level components: backhyphen‐bone‐level interconnection, mid‐level transit, and local‐level access. This paper considers single and cross mergers between an integrated provider and an entrant in the different area. As a result of these mergers, cross entry, in which both integrated providers merge with the retail entrants in the other areas, is more socially desirable than single entry, in which only one firm merges, which is, in turn, preferred to no entry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GABA modulates Drosophila circadian clock neurons via GABAB receptors and decreases in calcium
Authors: Hamasaka Yasutaka , Wegener Christian , Nässel Dick R.
Published: August 2005

Circadian clocks play vital roles in the control of daily rhythms in physiology and behavior of animals. In Drosophila, analysis of the molecular and behavioral rhythm has shown that the master clock neurons are entrained by sensory inputs and are synchronized with other clock neurons. However, little is known about the neuronal circuits of the Drosophila circadian system and the neurotransmitters that act on the clock neurons. Here, we provide evidence for a new neuronal input pathway to the master clock neurons, s‐LNvs, in Drosophila that utilizes GABA as a slow inhibitory neurotransmitter. We monitored intracellular calcium levels in dissociated larval s‐LNvs with the calcium‐sensitive dye Fura‐2. GABA decreased intracellular calcium in the s‐LNvs and blocked spontaneous oscillations in calcium levels. The duration of this response was dose‐dependent between 1 nM and 100 μM. The response to GABA was blocked by a metabotropic GABAB receptor (GABAB‐R) antagonist, CGP54626, but not by an ionotropic receptor antagonist, picrotoxin. The GABAB‐R agonist, 3‐APMPA, produced a response similar to GABA. An antiserum against one of the Drosophila GABAB‐Rs (GABAB‐R2) labeled the dendritic regions of the s‐LNvs in both adults and larvae, as well as the dissociated s‐LNvs. We found that some GABAergic processes terminate at the dendrites of the LNvs, as revealed by GABA immunostaining and a GABA‐specific GAL4 line (GAD1‐gal4). Our results suggest that the s‐LNvs receive slow inhibitory GABAergic inputs that decrease intracellular calcium of these clock neurons and block their calcium cycling. This response is mediated by postsynaptic GABAB receptors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Three‐dimensional immersed finite element methods for electric field simulation in composite materials
Authors: Kafafy R. , Lin T. , Lin Y. , Wang J.
Published: August 2005

This paper presents two immersed finite element (IFE) methods for solving the elliptic interface problem arising from electric field simulation in composite materials. The meshes used in these IFE methods can be independent of the interface geometry and position; therefore, if desired, a structured mesh such as a Cartesian mesh can be used in an IFE method to simulate 3‐D electric field in a domain with non‐trivial interfaces separating different materials. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the accuracies of these IFE methods are comparable to the standard linear finite element method with unstructured body‐fit mesh. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The maximization of fundamental frequency of structures under arbitrary initial stress states
Authors: de Faria Alfredo R. , de Almeida Sérgio Frascino M.
Published: August 2005

A general technique is proposed to maximize the lowest natural frequency of structures subjected to an arbitrary state of initial stresses. The arbitrary states of initial stresses are represented by nondimensional loading parameters that describe an admissible loading space, i.e. every possible initial stress state lies within the admissible loading space. The key to the proposed optimization strategy is shown to be the concavity of the first natural frequency with respect to variations of the loading parameters within the admissible loading space. A rigorous demonstration is presented to show that, provided buckling has not occurred, all the possible initial stress states must not be considered. Instead, assessment of only a small number of initial stress states must be done in order to guarantee that the first natural frequency does not decrease for all the other initial stress states within the admissible loading space. A minimax optimization technique is used to maximize the lowest natural frequency of a simply supported rectangular plate where the thickness distribution is the design variable and normal and shear initial stress states are considered. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of highly branched polycations with an aliphatic polyether scaffold
Authors: Schwab Ernst , Mecking Stefan
Published: August 2005

Cationic polyelectrolytes with pyridinium and 1,2‐dimethylimidazolium functionalities based on a hyperbranched polyglycerol scaffold with a narrow polydispersity were prepared by a polymer analogous reaction in a one‐pot synthesis. By the variation of the spacer lengths between the cationic functionalities and polyether scaffold, a simple method was developed to adjust the charge density and flexibility of the polycations, as reflected by their glass‐transition temperature. The polyelectrolytes were further characterized in detail by1H NMR,13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4609–4617, 2005
Interaction‐induced magnetic field asymmetry of nonlinear mesoscopic electrical transport
Authors: Büttiker Markus , Sánchez David
Published: August 2005

We demonstrate that the nonlinear I–V characteristics of a two‐probe conductor are not an even function of a magnetic field. While the conductance of a two‐probe conductor is even in a magnetic field, we find that already the contributions to the current that are second order in voltage, are in general not even. This implies a departure from the Onsager microreversibility principle in the weakly nonlinear regime. Interestingly, the effect that we find is due to the Coulomb interaction. A measurement of magnetic field asymmetry can be used to determine the effective interaction strength. As a generic example, we discuss the I–V characteristics of a chaotic quantum dot. The ensemble averaged I–V of such a cavity is linear: nonlinearities are due to quantum interference. Consequently, phase‐breaking reduces the asymmetry. We support this statement with a calculation that treats inelastic scattering with the help of a voltage probe. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Association of psychological and physiological measures of stress in health‐care professionals during an 8‐week mindfulness meditation program: mindfulness in practice
Authors: Galantino Mary Lou , Baime Michael , Maguire Maureen , Szapary Philippe O , Farrar John T
Published: August 2005

Work stress, burnout, and diminished empathy are prevalent issues for health‐care professionals. Mindfulness meditation (MM) is one commonly used strategy to manage stress. Measuring salivary cortisol allows for the assessment of serum cortisol level, a known stress level indicator. This study evaluated the association of subject‐reported stress symptoms and salivary cortisol in health‐care professionals, in an 8‐week MM program, with data collected prospectively at baseline and 8 weeks after program completion. Questionnaires [Profile of Mood States—Short Form (POMS‐SF), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)] measured mood, burnout and empathy.

A paired t‐test between groups for pre/post‐salivary cortisol yielded no significant change. The POMS‐SF was most sensitive to change (mean increase 12.4; p = 0.020). Emotional exhaustion, measured in the MBI, was also affected by MM (mean decrease 4.54; p = 0.001). Changes in empathy may not have been captured due to either absence of effect of MM on empathy, subject number or scale sensitivity. Baseline and 8‐week correlations between salivary cortisol and survey results, and correlations between changes in these measures, were weak and not statistically significant. Nevertheless, psychometric results present a strong case for additional clinical trials of MM to reduce stress for health‐care professionals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in the Coordination Modes of 2‐Pyridineformamide Thiosemicarbazone (HAm4DH) in some Zinc(II), Cadmium(II), and Mercury(II) Complexes
Authors: Bermejo Elena , Castiñeiras Alfonso , García‐Santos Isabel , West Douglas X.
Published: August 2005

The reduction of 2‐cyanopyridine by sodium in dry methanol in the presence of thiosemicarbazide produces 2‐pyridineformamide thiosemicarbazone, HAm4DH. The reactions of the potentially tridentate ligand HAm4DH with salts of Zn, Cd, and Hg gave a variety of metal‐ligand complexes. The complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry as well as IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 13C CP/MAS, 113Cd, 199Hg) spectroscopy. The crystal structures of [Zn(Am4DH)(OAc)]2·H2O, [Hg(HAm4DH)2Br2]·C2H5OH and $^{1}_{\infty}$[Hg(μ‐S‐Am4DH)Br] were obtained. Coordination of anionic Am4DH− occurs through the pyridyl nitrogen, imine nitrogen and thiolato sulfur atoms, while the neutral ligands in [Hg(HAm4DH)2Br2] coordinate as monodentate ligands through their thione sulfur atoms. One of the acetate ligands in [Zn(Am4DH)(OAc)]2·H2O is bridging monodentate and the other bridging bidentate. $^{1}_{\infty}$[Hg(μ‐S‐Am4DH)Br] features five‐coordinate mercury centers with bridging thiolato sulfur atoms. The intermolecular arrangement is dictated by hydrogen bonding from the amino groups and by π‐π stacking of the pyridine rings.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Single Crystal Structure of Two New Copper Complexes with the Redox Active Ligand 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione
Authors: Galet Ana , Muñoz M. Carmen , Agustí Gloria , Martínez Víctor , Gaspar Ana B. , Real José Antonio
Published: August 2005

The synthesis and the crystal structures of the complexes [Cu(LI)2](ClO4) (1) and [Cu(LI)(CH3CN)2(ClO4)2] (2) are reported. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the unit cell dimensions a = 13.169(4), b = 12.289(3), c = 14.732(3) Å, β = 109.03(2)° and Z = 4. Copper(I) is coordinated to four N atoms of the two 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione (LI) ligands with a two‐fold axis passing between the ligands. The copper(II) compound 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbn21 with unit cell dimensions of a = 7.498(5), b = 23.492(7), c = 12.363(4) Å and Z = 4. Copper(II) coordination can be described as a distorted octahedron with the N donor atoms of one LI ligand and of two molecules of CH3CN occupying the equatorial positions completed by two oxygen atoms of the two perchlorate molecules in the axial positions.
Effect of the Atmospheric Conditions on the Thermal Behaviour of the Sarkinite Mineral, Mn2(OH)AsO4
Authors: de Pedro I. , Rojo J. M. , Insausti M. , Mesa J. L. , Arriortua M. I. , Rojo T.
Published: August 2005

The sarkinite, Mn2(OH)AsO4, mineral has been synthesized in laboratory as pure phase under mild hydrothermal conditions. The decomposition process of the hydroxiarsenate compound is strongly dependent on the atmospheric conditions. The results of the thermal treatment in air or argon are quite different. In this way, a new black phase appears in air atmosphere in the 400‐630 °C temperature range whereas under inert atmosphere the structure of Mn2(OH)AsO4 at room temperature is maintained up to 560 °C. The weight loss is attributed to the partial decomposition of Mn2(OH)AsO4 above 400 °C with removal of OH groups and the oxidation of MnII to MnIII that occur simultaneously. Above 650 °C, the structures of the intermediate compounds are broken and the evolution of the inorganic residues gives rise to the formation of arsenates and oxides of MnII and MnIII in inert and air atmospheres.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Tin(IV) Complexes of Dianionic Terdentate Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Labisbal Elena , Rodríguez Laura , Vizoso Araceli , Alonso Mónica , Romero Jaime , García‐Vázquez José‐Arturo , Sousa‐Pedrares Antonio , Sousa Antonio
Published: August 2005

Tin(IV) complexes of the series of dianionic terdentate Schiff bases N‐[(2‐pyrroyl)methylidene]‐N′‐tosylbenzene‐1,2‐diamine, (H2L1), N‐[(2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]‐N′‐tosylbenzene‐1,2‐diamine (H2L2) and some R substituted 2‐{[(2‐hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenols [R = H (H2L3), 4,6‐(OCH3)2 (H2L4), 3‐(OC2H5) (H2L5) and 3,5‐Br2 (H2L6)] have been synthesized. The compounds were obtained by the electrochemical oxidation of a tin anode in a cell containing an acetonitrile solution of the corresponding ligand. The complex [SnL12] was also obtained by reaction of SnCl2·2H2O and H2L1 in methanol in the presence of triethylamine. The crystal structure of the ligand [H2L6] and the complexes [SnL12] (1), [SnL22] (2), [SnL32] (3) and [SnL62] (6) were determined by X‐ray diffraction. In the complexes, the tin atom is in an octahedral environment coordinated by two dianionic terdentate ligands. Spectroscopic data for the complexes (IR, 1H and 119Sn NMR and mass spectra) are discussed and related to structural information.
Infrared Spectroscopic Studies on the Surface Chemistry of High‐Surface‐Area Gallia Polymorphs
Authors: Delgado M. Rodríguez , Areán C. Otero
Published: August 2005

Polymorphs α, β, and γ of Ga2O3 having hexagonal (corundum‐type), monoclinic and cubic (spinel‐type) structure, respectively, were prepared in a high‐surface‐area form, and characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction. Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K showed these gallia samples to have specific surface areas of 77 (α‐Ga2O3), 40 (β‐Ga2O3) and 120 m2 g−1 (γ‐Ga2O3). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed carbon monoxide (at 77 K) and pyridine (at room temperature) showed that the three gallia polymorphs have a very similar surface Lewis acidity, regardless of their different crystal structures. This Lewis acidity was assigned, mainly, to coordinatively unsaturated tetrahedral Ga3+ ions situated on the surface of the small crystallites which constitute the different metal oxide varieties. Ga3+···CO adducts formed after CO adsorption gave (in all cases) a characteristic C–O stretching band at 2195–2200 cm−1, while Lewis‐type adducts formed with adsorbed pyridine were characterized by IR absorption bands at 1610–1612 and 1446–1450 cm−1. The three (partially hydroxylated) gallia polymorphs showed also a very weak Brønsted acidity, which they manifested by forming hydrogen‐bonded adducts with both CO and pyridine; however no protonation of adsorbed pyridine occurred.
Preparation and Properties of Nickel and Iron Oxides obtained by Calcination of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Ruano‐Casero R. J. , Pérez‐Bernal M. E. , Rives V.
Published: August 2005

A constant pH precipitation method has been applied to obtain solids with Ni/Fe molar ratios of 2/1, 3/2, 1/1, 2/3, and 1/2. In all cases, a phase with the hydrotalcite‐like structure is obtained, containing NiII and FeIII in the brucite‐like layers and carbonate in the interlayer, and, for samples with a Ni/Fe molar ratio lower than 2/1, amorphous hydrated iron oxides, undetected by X‐ray diffraction, are also formed. The solids have been characterized by element chemical analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed reduction and assessment of specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption at −196 °C. In all cases reduction leads to zero‐valent state for the metals, reduced nickel particles probably favouring reduction of FeIII species; the specific surface area increases with the iron content, probably due to the amorphous nature of the hydrated iron oxides formed. Calcination at 1200 °C in air leads to well crystallized solids, formed by NiFe2O4 spinel and, additionally, rocksalt‐type NiO for Ni/Fe ratios larger than 1/2. In this way, solids with tailored compositions of these two phases can be prepared.
Complexes of Cu2(μ‐OAc)4(H2O)2 with 1,10‐Phenanthroline and Comparison with those of 2,2′‐Bipyridine. Crystal Structure of the Dimer [Cu(OAc)2(phen)](μ‐H2O)
Authors: Barquín Montserrat , Garmendia María J. González , Larrínaga Liher , Pinilla Elena , Torres María R.
Published: August 2005

The two complexes of composition Cu2(OAc)4(phen)(H2O)2 (1) andCu2(OAc)4(phen)2(H2O) (2) have been synthesized and characterized by chemical analysis and IR and electronic spectroscopies. Compound 2 has the structure of a dimer with a phenanthroline molecule and two monodentate acetate groups coordinated to each copper atom and a water molecule as the only bridging ligand between them. Each copper atom has a distorted square‐planar pyramidal coordination, determined by two oxygen atoms at 1.94(3) and 1.959(3) Å, two nitrogen atoms at 2.023(4) Å and the oxygen atom of the bridging water molecule at 2.289(2) Å. The distance between the two copper atoms is of 4.29 Å and the angle Cu(1)‐O(3)‐Cu(1A) 139.2(2)°. The water molecule is involved in two intramolecular hydrogen bonds with non coordinated oxygen atoms. The distance between the molecules of phenanthroline is 3.75 Å. Magnetic and EPR results for Cu2(OAc)4(phen)(H2O)2 (1), Cu2(OAc)4(phen)2(H2O) (2), Cu2(OAc)4(bipy) (3) and Cu2(OAc)4(bipy)2(H2O)2 (4) have been analysed and compared. For 1 and 3 an antiferromagnetic dimer unit [Cu2(μ‐OAc)4] with 2J = −325 and −292 cm−1, respectively, and other two copper atoms without significant magnetic interaction are present. Triplet signals are detected in the EPR spectra. In 2 and 4 there is no practically magnetic exchange and the orthorhombic signals are observed in the EPR spectra.
Electrochemical Synthesis of MII Complexes with a Schiff Base containing an Amido Group. Crystal Structure of a Cobalt(II) Complex with a Reorganised Ligand
Authors: Rodríguez M. Jesús , Fernández M. Isabel , González‐Noya Ana M. , Maneiro Marcelino , Pedrido Rosa , Vázquez Miguel , Donnadieu Bruno , Bermejo Manuel R.
Published: August 2005

M(HL)(H2O)n complexes have been obtained by the electrochemical reaction of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd anodes with the potentially pentadentate and trianionic asymmetrical Schiff base 3‐aza‐N‐{2‐[1‐aza‐2‐(5‐nitro‐2‐hydroxylphenyl)‐vinyl]phenyl}‐4‐(5‐nitro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)but‐3‐enamide (H3L), containing a hard amido donor atom. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, magnetic measurements and molar conductivities. Co(HL)(H2O) (2) has been found to rearrange in DMF solution into a crystallographically solved octahedral complex, CoL1(H2O)2 (7) [where H2L1 is the symmetrical Schiff base ligand N,N′‐(1,2‐phenylene)‐bis(5‐nitro‐3‐hydroxysalicylidenimine)]. A hydrolysis mechanism is discussed to explain this rearrangement.
Synthesis and Characterization of α‐Titanium Phosphate/Propylamine Intercalation Compounds Containing Transition‐Metal Ions
Authors: Alfonso Belén F. , Trobajo Camino , Salvadó Miguel A. , Pertierra Pilar , García‐Granda Santiago , Rodríguez‐Fernández Jesús , Blanco Jesús A. , García José R.
Published: August 2005

Polycrystalline intercalated TiMxH2−nx(PO4)2· yC3H7NH2·wH2O compounds with transition metal (TM) ions (Mn+ = Co2+, Ni2+, Fe3+ or Cr3+) have been prepared by means of an indirect route and characterised using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, chemical and thermal analysis, X‐ray absorption and magnetic measurements. These novel pillared layered materials, which were obtained from the monoclinic (P21/c space group) α‐Ti(HPO4)2·H2O phase, lose its crystallinity after intercalation. However all the TM ions are octahedrally surrounded by 6 oxygen atoms, although the X‐ray absorption spectra evidence a clear dependence on the temperature. Surprisingly, all the materials behave as paramagnetic down to 1.5 K, but they exhibit different colours, what means that they are optically active (Co2+: violet; Ni2+: pale green; Fe3+: yellow; Cr3+: dark green).
A Structural Study of the Solid Solution Eu2(Mo1‐xWx)3O12
Authors: Boulahya K. , Parras M. , González‐Calbet J. M.
Published: August 2005

A structural study by means of X‐ray and electron diffraction of intermediate oxides between Eu2Mo3O12 and Eu2W3O12 shows the existence of a new Eu2(Mo1−xWx)3O12 solid solution with the scheelite structural type. The essential feature of the x = 1/3 and x = 2/3 compounds is the presence of isolated oxygen tetrahedra, in which, according to X‐ray and electron diffraction data, W and Mo are randomly distributed. Eu atoms occupy distorted square antiprisms sites.
High Dielectric Constant in the Charge‐ordered Manganese Oxide CaMn7O12
Authors: Vilar S. Yáñez , Castro‐Couceiro A. , Rivas‐Murias B. , Fondado A. , Mira J. , Rivas J. , Señarís‐Rodríguez M. A.
Published: August 2005

The dielectric properties of mixed‐oxide CaMn7O12 are reported. This compound exhibits a high dielectric constant at room temperature (ε′r> 104), for frequencies up to 104 Hz, values that make it very attractive for potential applications provided that its rather high losses can be minimized.

Complex plane analysis of the obtained data reveal an important extrinsic contribution to these high ε′r values; and also that the intrinsic dielectric constant of this material is ε′r,∞ ≈ 30, a value rather high for this type of compounds, that could be related to the electronic process of charge‐ordering present in this oxide below 440 K.
Grafting of Gold Nanoparticles onto Organogelator‐Templated Fibrous Mercaptosilica
Authors: Llusar Mario , Monrós Guillermo , Pozzo Jean L. , Roux Cécile , Sanchez Clément
Published: August 2005

Fibrous organosilicas functionalized with mercaptopropyl moieties (20 and 40 Mol‐% of –C3H6SH per Si) have been prepared through a smart, “one‐pot” sol‐gel route employing a phenazinic organogelator (DUOP) as a templating agent. The fibrous mercaptosilicas have been characterized morphologically (SEM observations) and chemically (Raman, 29Si solid‐state NMR and chemical analysis), and the functionality of the final materials have been also confirmed by the efficient post‐grafting of Au nanoparticles. These fibrous gold‐mercaptosilica nanocomposite materials could be very useful for nanoelectronic or optoelectronic applications.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 2‐(2′‐Pyridyl)benzimidazole Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II)
Authors: Casas José S. , Castiñeiras Alfonso , García‐Martínez Emilia , Parajó Yolanda , Pérez‐Parallé M. Luz , Sánchez‐González Angeles , Sordo José
Published: August 2005

Compounds of type [MX2(Hpben)] [M = Pd (X = Cl), Pt (X = Cl, I); Hpben = 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)benzimidazole] were prepared and characterized, and the structures of the Pt derivatives were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The crystals of [PtI2(Hpben)] consist of discrete units in which the Pt atom is coordinated to two iodine atoms and to pyridine and imidazole N atoms in a distorted square planar arrangement. The structure of the chloro derivative is similar, except that the [PtCl2(Hpben)] monomers are hydrogen‐bonded in zig‐zag chains. In assays of the interactions of the Pd and Pt chloro compounds with DNA, and of their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa‐229), human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780) and a cisplatin‐resistant mutant A2780 line (A2780cis), the only activity observed was modest cytotoxicity of the Pd derivative for A2780.
RNA silencing platforms in plants
Authors: Watson John M. , Fusaro Adriana F. , Wang MingBo , Waterhouse Peter M.
Published: August 2005

Since the discovery of RNAi, its mechanism in plants and animals has been intensively studied, widely exploited as a research tool, and used for a number of potential commercial applications. In this article, we discuss the platforms for delivering RNAi in plants. We provide a brief background to these platforms and concentrate on discussing the more recent advances, comparing the RNAi technologies used in plants with those used in animals, and trying to predict the ways in which RNAi technologies may further develop.
Return to Functional Hand Use and Work Following Open Carpal Tunnel Surgery
Authors: ACHARYA A. D. , AUCHINCLOSS J. M.
Published: August 2005

This study assessed recovery from open carpal tunnel surgery. One hundred and twelve operations in 75 patients (38 unilateral, 37 bilateral) were reviewed prospectively. A validated questionnaire was completed pre- and postoperatively. Additional information was collected regarding symptom severity at regular intervals following surgery. The time to regain all evaluated activities of daily living was 13 (range 1–90, median 7) days. Return to driving took 9 days and return to work 17 days, even although exactly half of the patients underwent simultaneous bilateral operations. We did not find any significant differences in the time to resumption of activities of daily living or work between the patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral procedures, or between those who underwent surgery to the dominant or non-dominant hand. Overall improvement in symptoms and function was no worse in patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral procedures as compared with unilateral procedures.
The Bondwoman's Narrative: Text, Paratext, Intertext and Hypertext
Authors: BERNIER CELESTE-MARIE , NEWMAN JUDIE
Published: August 2005

At the close of Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985), a novel which exploits the conventions of slave narrative to dramatize gendered rather than racial oppressions, a set of “Historical Notes,” the partial transcript of a lecture in 2195 by Professor Pieixoto, the editor of the text, provides a wicked satire on academic commodification. Professor Pieixoto, a major scholar from Cambridge, who is slumming it at the University of Denay, Nunavit, is introduced obsequiously by the fawning Professor Maryann Crescent Moon, and proceeds to patronize his chairperson, his audience and his eponymous subject, demonstrating that patriarchal prejudice remains almost unchanged over the centuries. Pieixoto analyses the technology of the tapes on which a story was recorded, considers the possibility of forgery, earnestly discusses the possibility of using musical traces as dating devices, attempts to trace the history of the house where the tapes were found and offers a great deal of information about each of the two men who might have been the handmaid's master, but discovers absolutely nothing about the handmaid herself: not her name, not her origins, not even whether she escaped from bondage. Pieixoto is sharing the conference podium with Professor Sieglinda Van Buren from the Department of Military History at the University of San Antonio, Republic of Texas. Clearly, despite the presence at the conference of women professors and ethnic minority speakers (Professor Johnny Running Dog, for example), not much has changed, and the supposed admission of women and minorities to the academic mainstream is merely a smokescreen for their continued domination.
Whitewashed Exteriors: Mark Twain's Imitation Whites
Authors: GAIR CHRISTOPHER
Published: August 2005

October 12. – The Discovery. – It was wonderful to find America, but it would have been more wonderful to miss it.

Pudd'nhead Wilson's Calendar
Losing Grip: Emerson, Leroux and the Work of Identity
Authors: McCLELLAND JAMES
Published: August 2005

If Minerva offered me an option, I would say give me continuity. I am tired of scraps. I do not wish to be a literary or intellectual chiffonier. Away with this Jew's rag-bag of ends and tufts of brocade, velvet and cloth-of-gold; let me spin some yards or miles of helpful twine, a clew to lead to one kingly truth, a cord to bind wholesome and belonging facts.
US Multicultural Pathways
Authors: LEE A. ROBERT
Published: August 2005

Emily S. Rosenberg, A Date Which Will Live: Pearl Harbor in American Memory (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003, £18.95). Pp. 248. ISBN 0 8223 3206.

Greg Robinson, By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003, £12.95). Pp. 322. ISBN 0 674 01118 X.

Tetsuden Kashima, Judgment without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment during World War II (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003, $35.00). Pp. 336. ISBN 0 295 98299 3.

Gerald Early, This Is Where I Came in: Black America in the 1960s (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, Abraham Lincoln Lecture Series, 2003, £11. 50). Pp. 144. ISBN 0 80302 1823 0.

Deborah Davis Jackson, Our Elders Lived It: American Indian Identity in the City (DeKalb, IL: University of Northern Illinois Press, 2002, $20.00). Pp. 191. ISBN 0 87580 591 4.

Yen Le Espiritu, Home Bound: Filipino American Lives across Cultures, Communities, and Countries (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2003, $21.95). Pp. 271. ISBN 0 520 23527 4.

Elizabeth Boosahda, Arab-American Faces and Voices: The Origins of an Immigrant Community (Austin: The University of Texas Press, 2003, £18.95). Pp. 288. ISBN 0 292 70919 6.

John Kerry, patrician Massachusetts liberal, war hero, and yet dissident from the Vietnam era, vies for the 2004 presidency against George Bush, White House dynastic Republican, self-nominated caring conservative, and yet hard-edged ideologue. Notwithstanding Kerry's Catholicism, or his Jewish family line, both candidates hold sway as heirs to WASP cultural style bolstered by considerable personal fortunes. Howard Dean, New York MD and former Vermont governor, and like Kerry and Bush a Yale graduate, storms the early polls by his activist left-liberal agenda and Internet fundraising. John Edwards, North Carolina senator, personal injuries lawyer, and up-from-the-ranks millionaire, his father a textile factory worker and his mother a postal office employee, conducts a widely agreed good race for the Democratic Party nomination before joining the ticket as would-be Vice President. Had multiculturalism led to any shift of paradigm in connection with canonical whiteness? Or, to put matters more plainly, were not the front-runners once again executive white men, whatever their respective merits or social origins?
from the editor
Authors: Harding James M.
Published: August 2005

With this general issue of Theatre Survey, I end my tenure as Editor and pass the reins on to Jody Enders, who, over the past two years, has been the kind of Associate Editor that one only dreams of having. Her commitment to this journal, particularly to its vitality as a forum for rigorous scholarly debate, has been invaluable to me, and I have no doubt that this commitment will make her term as Editor one in which the journal moves increasingly into the center of some of the most important debates in our profession. It is, moreover, my firm belief that in two years she will be writing similar comments about Martin Puchner, who now begins his term as Associate Editor and who will follow her as Editor. I congratulate them both on their appointments, I thank them for the work that they are already doing, and I look forward to their collaborations as the new Editors of Theatre Survey.
Losing Their Day Jobs: The Radio Éireann Players as a Permanent Repertory Company
Authors: Morgan-Zayachek Eileen
Published: August 2005

During a 1966 Radio Telefis Éireann broadcast celebrating the first forty years of indigenous radio in the Republic of Ireland, Maxwell Sweeney characterized the evolution of radio drama in the nation as a slow process, one that grew out of readings of short stories and poetry. Like all other facets of the early national radio service, dramatic broadcasting suffered greatly from inadequate funding and resources. Equally detrimental to its progress was the widespread, if understandable, ignorance about the new medium's possibilities. Indeed, music dominated the airwaves in the first decade of national radio in Ireland because relaying music performances and gramophone records did not pose the same challenges as speech and dramatic broadcasting. 2RN, as the service was initially called, was but “a part-time affair,” broadcasting for a mere five and a half hours, and “eighty percent of transmission time was devoted to recitals by small groups of instrumentalists, solo traditional musicians, and amateur choirs.” Consequently, though understanding of dramatic broadcasting steadily developed, the Irish Independent could accurately claim in 1933 that radio drama in the Free State had not significantly improved since the establishment of the service seven years earlier.
Whatever Happened to the Cultural Feminists? Martha Boesing and At the Foot of the Mountain
Authors: Greeley Lynne
Published: August 2005

In 1991, Martha Boesing, cofounder of At the Foot of the Mountain in Minneapolis, declared, “I'm not [just] a cultural feminist. I was a Marxist before these girls were even born!” The “girls” to whom she was referring were the critics whose negative response to the performance of the multicultural collaborative piece The Story of a Mother II at the Women and Theatre Program in Chicago in 1987 marked a decisive clash between competing notions of feminism in American theatre. Boesing later owned her own cultural feminism, as well as her Marxist evocation to action, but the conflict between cultural feminists (who sought performance as a means of building communities) and materialist feminists (who resisted being constructed as part of universalized womanhood) resulted in a divide that ultimately affected the reception and hence the historical impact of At the Foot of the Mountain. From their founding in 1974 to this performance in 1991, Boesing and At the Foot of the Mountain had been featured both in critical literature and at theatre conferences, hailed for their application of consciously articulated feminist politics in the creative process of their plays. After Chicago, they lost momentum as subjects of study in critical scholarship.