bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choroidal congestion mouse model: Could it serve as a pachychoroid model?
Authors: Matsumoto Hidetaka , Mukai Ryo , Hoshino Junki , Oda Mai , Matsuzaki Toshiyuki , Ishizaki Yasuki , Shibasaki Koji , Akiyama Hideo
Published: January 2021

Pachychoroid spectrum diseases have been described as a new clinical entity within the spectrum of macular disorders. “Pachychoroid” is defined as choroidal thickening associated with dilated outer choroidal vessels often showing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration. Although various clinical studies on the pachychoroid spectrum diseases have been conducted, the pathophysiology of pachychoroid has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we attempted to establish a mouse model of pachychoroid. We sutured vortex veins in eyes of wild type mice to imitate the vortex vein congestion in pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Fundus photography and ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography showed dilated vortex veins from the posterior pole to the ampulla in eyes after induction of choroidal congestion. Optical coherence tomography and tissue sections presented choroidal thickening with dilatation of choroidal vessels. The RPE-choroid/retina thickness ratios on the tissue sections in the treated day 1 and day 7 groups were significantly greater than that in the control group (0.19±0.03 and 0.16±0.01 vs. 0.12±0.02, P<0.05 each). Moreover, immunohistochemistry using RPE flatmount revealed focal RPE degeneration in the treated eyes. Furthermore, inflammatory response-related genes were upregulated in eyes with choroidal congestion induction, and macrophages migrated into the thickened choroid. These results indicated that vortex vein congestion triggered some pachychoroid features. Thus, we have established a choroidal congestion mouse model by suturing vortex veins, which would potentially be useful for investigating the pathophysiology of pachychoroid spectrum diseases.
The high volume of patients admitted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has an independent harmful impact on in-hospital mortality from COVID-19
Authors: Soria Alessandro , Galimberti Stefania , Lapadula Giuseppe , Visco Francesca , Ardini Agata , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Bonfanti Paolo
Published: January 2021

Background

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, advanced health systems have come under pressure by the unprecedented high volume of patients needing urgent care. The impact on mortality of this “patients’ burden” has not been determined.

Methods and findings

Through retrieval of administrative data from a large referral hospital of Northern Italy, we determined Aalen-Johansen cumulative incidence curves to describe the in-hospital mortality, stratified by fixed covariates. Age- and sex-adjusted Cox models were used to quantify the effect on mortality of variables deemed to reflect the stress on the hospital system, namely the time-dependent number of daily admissions and of total hospitalized patients, and the calendar period. Of the 1225 subjects hospitalized for COVID-19 between February 20 and May 13, 283 died (30-day mortality rate 24%) after a median follow-up of 14 days (interquartile range 5–19). Hospitalizations increased progressively until a peak of 465 subjects on March 26, then declined. The risk of death, adjusted for age and sex, increased for a higher number of daily admissions (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] per an incremental daily admission of 10 patients: 1.13, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 1.05–1.22, p = 0.0014), and for a higher total number of hospitalized patients (AHR per an increase of 50 patients in the total number of hospitalized subjects: 1.11, 95%CI 1.04–1.17, p = 0.0004), while was lower for the calendar period after the peak (AHR 0.56, 95%CI 0.43–0.72, p<0.0001). A validation was conducted on a dataset from another hospital where 500 subjects were hospitalized for COVID-19 in the same period. Figures were consistent in terms of impact of daily admissions, daily census, and calendar period on in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions

The pressure of a high volume of severely ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has a measurable independent impact on in-hospital mortality.
Outcomes of open versus single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair using propensity score matching: A single institution experience
Authors: Lee Kanghee , Lee Jin Ho , Nam Soomin , Chong Jae Uk , Lee Hyung Soon
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The aim of the current study was to compare the outcomes between open and single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (SILTEP) inguinal hernia repair.

Methods

To compare the outcomes between the open and SILTEP groups, we performed propensity score matching to adjust for significant differences in patient characteristics. The outcomes were compared between the matched groups.

Results

Record review identified 477 patients who had undergone inguinal hernia repair from November 2016 to November 2018. Seventy-one patients were excluded from the propensity score matching because of age <18, femoral hernia, conventional 3-port laparoscopic repair, incarcerated hernia, and combined operation. SILTEP in 142 and open repair in 264 patients were identified. After propensity score matching, these individuals were grouped into 82 pairs. Spinal anesthesia was administered more often in the open group than in the SILTEP group. Operation time was significantly longer in the SILTEP group than in the open group (49.6 ± 17.4 vs. 64.8 ± 28.4 min, p < 0.001). However, urinary retention rates of the open group were significantly higher than that of the SILTEP group (11.0% vs. 0%, p = 0.003). The SILTEP group showed significantly lower pain scores at postoperative 6, 12, and 24 hours, and significantly lower rates of intravenous analgesic requirements through postoperative day 1 (30.5% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.008) compared with the open group.

Conclusion

The outcomes of SILTEP repair were comparable to those of open repair. SILTEP repair may have advantages over open repair for reducing immediate postoperative pain (≤24 hours).
Knitting with my mother: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis and video to investigate the lived experience of dyadic crafting in dementia care
Authors: Rana Mah , Smith Jonathan A.
Published: January 2021

This article presents findings of a Ph.D. case study that uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to elicit a deep understanding of lived experience within the context of a ‘craft-encounter’ shared by an adult carer with her mother, who has dementia. Recent studies have evaluated the health and well-being benefits of participatory craft practice in community-based projects. However, a less examined site of research is the lived experience of participating in shared craft-encounters as a domiciliary based intervention for dementia care. This study elicits a nuanced understanding of lived experience of participatory textile-based craft and explores the value of working with video as an adjunct to IPA’s existing methodology as a way of attending to non-textual communication that is easily missed in the moment of occurrence. Reviewing primary-source video with participants produces additional data as a result of participants’ reflexivity and meaning-making through interpretation of video footage. The findings challenge the dominant bias that frames dementia care only in terms of losses without considering the potential gains and meanings of the dementia care experience.
Didactic and artistic representations of prehistoric hominins: Who were we? Who are we now?
Authors: Hendershott Rebecca
Published: January 2021

The image of the prehistoric hominin is well known: brutish and hairy, the men hunt with impressive weapons, while women tend to children or kneel over a hide. In this article I consider didactic illustrations and re-creations of human relatives in the context of science and art. I argue that these images are laden with symbolic sociopolitical meanings and are heavily biased by not only the newest scientific findings but also ideas about gender roles and civilization/civility in popular culture. Artistic representation in educational materials tends to reflect popular conceptions of ancestral life, more than data-dependent interpretations. For example, there is a bias against artistic depictions of women, children or the elderly and activities typically associated with them. Men and male activities – particularly hunting – are overrepresented. Hairy bodies, stooped posture, acute facial angles, savagery and a lack of material culture function as a symbol of incivility or animality. They are used to code an individual as being sufficiently inhuman to create a comfortable separation between viewer and ‘caveman’, which ultimately reflects our ambiguous relationship to human evolution.
The culture of flat earth and its consequences
Authors: Erlaine Dónal Mac
Published: January 2021

Tracing some elements of the history of science, such as the tradition of map-making beginning in ancient times, this article aims to link together some factors that have led to the contemporary phenomenon of flat earth belief. Springing from a political fringe culture steeped in a ‘will-to-mistrust’, flat earth belief has gained huge popularity in recent years. The total rejection of science in favour of opinion is today a feature of the discursive landscape, and nowhere it is more poignant than in flat earth belief. Furthermore, it leaks from a mistrust of science to mistrust of culture itself. Ultimately it falls to the agency of recent communication technologies, that is, the internet, where this culture is able to gain traction in popular discourse. Through a very simple geometrical argument needing no equipment, I demonstrate that the earth must be spherical (or near-so), and this ultimately points to the technocratic culture today that has paradoxically led to this unpredicted phenomenon. Moreover it is a dangerous trend, and this piece aims to highlight why this is so.
El efecto del contexto social en la asociación entre música y emoción
Authors: Alaminos-Fernández Antonio Francisco
Published: January 2021

La investigación de la asociación entre música y emociones indaga en las emociones expresadas en una canción y en las que provoca en el oyente. Generalmente los diseños experimentales carecen de contexto social que controlen el origen emocional de las canciones. Este estudio operativiza como valencia emocional los recuerdos que evocan. Con una muestra de 100 individuos y 900 autoinformes, los resultados muestran como la memoria semántica atenúa la relación entre valencias y emociones. No obstante, en términos agregados la asociación permanece estadísticamente significativa. Esta conclusión avala el empleo de encuestas dado que la heterogeneidad individual no suprime las asociaciones entre valencias y emociones.
Dinámicas de participación en la vejez. Del asociacionismo tradicional al activismo sin carné
Authors: Amezcua Aguilar Teresa , Sotomayor Morales Eva
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender la dinámica de participación social de las personas mayores. El estudio se centra en cómo el contexto y los marcos culturales afectan a las prácticas participativas de las personas mayores. Para ello, realizamos un estudio comparativo entre los casos de Alemania y España como representaciones de dos marcos culturales diferentes. Los hallazgos muestran diferencias en el modelo de participación de los mayores alemanes y españoles. Estas diferencias se sustentan en los roles que cada marco cultural atribuye a las personas mayores y al grado de institucionalización de las estructuras de participación en la vejez.
Creencias sobre prostitución y violencia sexual en adolescentes
Authors: Costa-López Borja , Terol-Cantero María del Carmen , Martin-Aragón Gelabert Maite , Navarro-Ríos María Jesús , Domínguez-Vaquero Pablo
Published: January 2021

La prostitución es un fenómeno de explotación sexual demandado por hombres cada vez más jóvenes (Ranea-Triviño, 2019). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar creencias y actitudes hacia la prostitución y violencia sexual en 211 adolescentes. Más del 50% no creen que busquen relaciones para realizar prácticas diferentes, pero sí para saciar necesidades. Las chicas creen que buscan relaciones para sentirse superiores (χ²=11,29; p=,001). Mayoritariamente no relacionan prostitución con engaño o cosificación de mujeres. Más de un 39% no menciona las situaciones de violencia sexual presentadas. Debemos intervenir ante creencias “justificadoras” o “tolerantes” sobre prostitución y violencia sexual en adolescentes.
Transferencia social desde la evaluación de políticas públicas: la construcción compartida de un plan estratégico municipal de servicios sociales y acción comunitaria desde un enfoque pedagógico
Authors: Vila Merino Eduardo S. , Cortés González Pablo , Martín Solbes Víctor M.
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo es fruto de una investigación que, partiendo de una evaluación a modo de diagnóstico sobre las políticas públicas de servicios sociales y comunitarios, permitió el desarrollo colaborativo del Plan Estratégico de Servicios Sociales y Acción Comunitaria en el municipio de Torremolinos (Málaga, España). Las estrategias metodológicas siguen un enfoque mixto y pedagógico, y tanto proceso como resultados suponen un ejercicio de transferencia social y aprendizaje colectivo.
La violencia política del liberalismo exaltado durante el Trienio Liberal. La defensa del régimen constitucional desde Barcelona
Authors: Roca Vernet Jordi
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la violencia política ejercida por los liberales durante el Trienio Liberal y establece distintas categorías en el análisis de la misma. Se pretende también dirimir cuál fue la actitud de las autoridades frente a la violencia, y de qué modo se relacionó esta con la extensión del miedo al enemigo interior en la retaguardia liberal. El estudio valida la hipótesis de que la violencia política se incrementó en la medida en que las autoridades liberales se sintieron amenazadas por los enemigos interiores y exteriores. También contribuyó a esa violencia la presión del liberalismo exaltado en el marco de sus demandas de justicia popular, o revolucionaria, contra los enemigos del régimen liberal. Paralelamente, el conflicto contra los realistas rompió el equilibrio entre los poderes institucionales, lo cual incrementó significativamente el nivel de violencia, hasta que se impuso el poder militar con el apoyo del liberalismo exaltado y popular.
La prensa como fuente para la revisión y reconstrucción del corpus hemerográfico gaditano del Trienio Liberal (1820-1823)
Authors: Sánchez Hita Beatriz
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo completar datos sobre los periódicos publicados en Cádiz durante el Trienio Liberal y ofrecer un listado cerrado de los que se imprimieron. Se atiende para ello a la bibliografía existente, a los catálogos de diversas bibliotecas y, en especial, a la propia prensa, pues a partir de las noticias indirectas aportadas en esta última es posible reconstruir el contenido y la información básica de títulos no preservados, e incluso constatar la existencia de otros desconocidos hasta la fecha. Para esto último, resulta de notable utilidad el Redactor General (1-VII-1820/30-IX-1823).
Indonesia dan Diplomasi Irian Barat 1949–1962: Memanfaatkan Perang Dingin
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Siswanto Siswanto
Published: January 2021

Sejarah diplomasi Indonesia dalam sengketa Irian Barat mengungkap peristiwa-peristiwa penting atau fakta sejarah yang berharga untuk dipelajari, misalnya peristiwa sekitar penyerahan kedaulatan dari Belanda kepada Indonesia yang melibatkan sejumlah pelaku sejarah, di antaranya Ketua Delegasi Belanda Van Maarseven dan Ketua Delegasi Indonesia Moh. Hatta. Indonesia memanfaatkan situasi Perang Dingin dengan melakukan diplomasi kepada Amerika Serikat maupun Uni Soviet, yang merupakan pelaku utama Perang Dingin, untuk mendapatkan dukungan yang signifikan kepada Indonesia dalam penyelesaian sengketa Irian Barat. Buku ini tidak hanya mengulas langkah-langkah diplomasi Indonesia menghadapi Belanda dalam sengketa Irian Barat, tetapi juga bertujuan memberi informasi dan paparan sekitar diplomasi Indonesia dalam memperjuangkan integrasi Irian Barat dari kekuasaan Belanda. Selain itu, buku ini juga menggambarkan strategi dan taktik diplomat Indonesia dalam melakukan negosiasi untuk mempertahankan Irian Barat. Mereka adalah Muhammad Hatta, Soebandrio, Adam Malik, Soenaryo, dan Muhammad Roem. Pemikiran, gagasan, ide, serta aksi dari para diplomat dan negarawan yang berpikir keras untuk mempertahankan kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) diharapkan bisa menjadi pembelajaran bagi diplomat Indonesia di masa mendatang.
The Geographic, Environmental and Phylogenetic Evolution of the Alveolinoidea from the Cretaceous to the Present Day.
Authors: Boudagher-Fadel Marcelle , Price Geoffrey David
Published: January 2021

The superfamily Alveolinoidea is a member of the Order Miliolida, and is comprised of three main families, the Alveolinidae, the Fabulariidae and the Rhapydioninidae. They are examples of Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBF), which are single cell organisms with specific characteristic endoskeletons. Alveolinoids are found globally from the Cretaceous to present day and are very important biostratigraphic index fossils in shallow-marine carbonates. They are often associated with significant hydrocarbon reservoirs, and exhibit provincialism with characteristic genera often confined to one of the American, Tethyan or Indo-Pacific provinces. Previously, the systematic study of the global interrelationship between the various alveolinoid lineages has not been possible because of the absence of biostratigraphic correlation between the geographically scattered assemblages, and the scarcity of described material from the Indo-Pacific province. Here we use the literature and new material from the Americas, the French Alps, Iran, Tibet, India and SE Asia, coupled with the use the planktonic foraminiferal zonal (PZ) correlation scheme to put forward, for the very first time, a comprehensive, global, systematic analysis of the biostratigraphic, phylogenetic and palaeogeographic evolution of the alveolinoids. The alveolinoids originated in the Cretaceous in the Tethyan province. During a global sea-level low-stand, a westward migration of some alveolinoids species to the Americas occurred in this period, a behaviour also seen in previous studies of contemporaneous orbitolinid LBF. After the K-P event, which saw the extinction of all Cretaceous alveolinoids, rare new forms of alveolinoids evolved again, first in the Americas and later independently in Tethys. As found in previous studies of rotalid LBF, sea-level low-stands in the Paleocene also allowed some alveolinoid forms to migrate, but this time in an eastward direction from the Americas to Tethys, and from Tethys on to the Indo-Pacific. Alveolinoids still exist today (
Borelis and
Alveolinella), the former of which is cosmopolitan, while the latter is restricted to the Indo-Pacific province. Throughout their phylogenetic history alveolinoids characteristically exhibit convergent evolution, with the repeated re-occurrence of certain morphological features. Understanding this propensity to homoplasy is essential in understanding and constructing the phylogenetic relationships within the alveolinoid superfamily.
El bienestar de la tercera edad mediante un sistema de servicios sociales (artículo 50 CE)
Authors: Alonso-Olea García Belén
Published: January 2021

Tomando como punto de partida el artículo 50 CE y el Título VIII de la Constitución, se aborda la regulación de las prestaciones de servicios sociales, en especial, los centros residenciales, tanto del sistema de la Seguridad Social contenida en normas de rango menor, lo que conlleva que el Estado no haya ejercido sus competencias sobre esta materia, como del Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia, lo que ha supuesto una descentralización que no ha sido capaz de dar respuesta a la dramática situación y problemática que ha acontecido en los centros residenciales. Asimismo, de esta regulación se desprende que las residencias, en ningún caso, asumen la asistencia sanitaria, sino que sus funciones son exclusivamente asistenciales, sin que exista la debida conexión entre una y otra función lo que, de nuevo, acredita las carencias del sistema actual. En base a las mismas, se proponen una serie de modificaciones ya no solo legislativas sino de mentalidad para poder afrontar una de las cuestiones sociales por excelencia del siglo XXI y siguientes: el envejecimiento.
Comentario de la STJUE de 16 de Julio de 2020, C‐311/18 (Schrems II)
Authors: Fuentes Máiquez Antonio
Published: January 2021

Las empresas establecidas en la Unión Europea (UE) que transferían datos personales de ciudadanos europeos a entidades estadounidenses solían hacerlo empleando el Privacy Shield como marco legal, una decisión de la Comisión Europea que garantizaba la existencia de un nivel de protección de datos adecuado en Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, en julio de 2020 el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) invalidó esta decisión, generando incertidumbre en muchas de estas empresas. En este comentario se pretende analizar cuáles son las principales consecuencias de esta sentencia y qué alternativas tienen ahora las empresas de la UE.
Konsültasyon Öz-yeterlik Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve okul psikolojik danışmanlarının konsültasyon öz-yeterliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Bozkur Binaz , Kaya Alim
Published: January 2021

Çalışmanın amacı, "Konsültasyon öz-yeterlik Ölçeğinin” Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir ve okul psikolojik danışmanlarının konsültasyona yönelik bilgi düzeyleri, konsültasyon hizmetlerini yürütürken karşılaştıkları zorluklar, ihtiyaçlar ve destek kaynakları, sundukları konsültasyon hizmetinin etkisinin arttırılması konusundaki önerileri ve konsültasyon hizmeti vermeye yönelik yeterlilik algılarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmada; karma araştırma yöntemlerindne yakınsayan paralel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma gruplarını 787 okul psikolojik danışmanı oluşturmuştur. Ayrıca araştırmada okul psikolojik danışmanlarının konsültasyona ilişkin bilgilerinde ciddi sınırlılıklarının olduğu ve konsültasyon eğitimlerini çoğunlukla yetersiz buldukları gözlenmiştir. Araştırmada kıdemli olan, PDR bölümünden mezun olan ve konsültasyon konusunda ders alan psikolojik danışmanların konsültasyon öz-yeterlik algısının daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Destek kaynağı olarak en sık okul idaresi en seyrek ise aileler dile getirilmiştir. Konsültasyonun etkisinin arttırılması konusunda en çok dile getirilen öneri ise konsültasyon eğitimlerinin arttırılmasıdır. Sonuç olarak Türkiye'de konsültasyon eğitimi konusunda hem alanda çalışan psikolojik danışmanlar hem de psikolojik danışman adayı öğrencilere yönelik çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Parents’ Attributions and Perception Questionnaire: Turkish validity and reliability study
Authors: Lindberg E. Nihal
Published: January 2021

Causal attributions are defined as the way people describe and evaluate their or others’ behaviors. In the literature, it was found to directly and indirectly affect academic achievement as they influence parents’ expectations about their children’s future success, their parenting styles, and, therefore, the social and physical environment that they provide for their children. This study adapts the Parents’ Attributions and Perceptions Questionnaire (PAPQ) to Turkish and collects evidence about the questionnaire’s validity and reliability. The questionnaire comprises eight factors and 24 items designed to evaluate parents’ causal attributions based on ability, effort, luck, and strategy for success and failure. The participants were 340 parents (235 mothers and 105 fathers), aged between 25 and 35 years (128); and high school graduates (182) with a monthly income between 2,001 and 4,000 TL (98). The mean scores calculated for the questionnaire items ranged between 1.45 and 4.42. Adjusted item total correlations were calculated; it was found that the discriminating power of the items varied between 0.43 and 0.90. As a result of the CFA, the goodness of fit values of the questionnaire was calculated as χ²/sd = 1.92, RMSEA = .056, SRMR = .053, CFI = .97, and GFI = .89. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be .80. Based on these results, it was demonstrated that the PAPQ is a valid and reliable measuring instrument that can be used in Turkish.
Increasing Returns and Economic Growth of Russian Regions: Empirical Verification of Verdoorn’s Law
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Isaev Artem
Published: January 2021

The paper tests the Kaldor-Verdoorn model on the base of the Russian Federation regional data for 2005–2017. According to the model, the process of regional growth has the property of cumulative causality. As a result of the benefits bringing by economies of scale, industrialized regions demonstrate faster growth rates at the expense of their economically less-advanced counterparts. Traditional and extended model specifications are examined. The extended specification additionally takes into account the presence of large agglomerations in a number of Russian regions. Estimates demonstrate the presence of cumulative causality and significant increasing returns to scale in manufacturing industry of Russian regions. Meanwhile, the study did not reveal an impact of large industrial agglomerations on the growth rates of the corresponding regions
On local communities and human societies in times of globalisation – a paedagogical perspective
Authors: Segiet Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Contemporary researchers of local communities and human societies face a new and difficult task today. It is, on the one hand, related to the great interest in this topic and the difficulty of creating a new concept that would fully exhaust the scope of phenomena observed presently in local communities and human societies. On the other hand, the character of changes that have gained momentum in the first decade of the 21st century, and the description of their sources, become particularly difficult to describe and name. The present article is an attempt at an indication of the need of an evolution of perception on societal reality and the emerging new social issues. Contemporary paedagogy attempts to write about the necessity of awareness/ education related to the needs of establishment of local communities and the creation of bonds as a response to processes related to social life in times of globalisation. It is a fact that we are presently dealing with a change in the forms and character of local communities.
Migration ambitions of academic youth
Authors: Kozielska Joanna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify student migration plans. The presented data are included in the optics of comparing the migration aspirations of medical students and pedagogy (N = 289). The research sample of the entire project in quantitative analysis numbered 604 people, and it was students of Poznan universities: Adam Mickiewicz University; Poznan University of Technology; Medical University; Economic University; University of Arts in Poznań. External migrations of “white staff” are an important topic, for example, in public debates due to the wide context of consequences that may occur in an abandoned country, which is why this group was chosen as a reference group in relation to the group constituted by pedagogy students.
Między nami sąsiadami… Obcy, cudzoziemiec – stosunek studentów do obywateli Ukrainy
Authors: Guzy-Steinke Halina
Published: January 2021

The article presents a part of research on the students’ attitude towards foreigners, in particular Ukrainian citizens. In Poland it is currently the largest group of foreigners, as well as the largest group of foreign students studying at Polish universities. The text contains references to the sociological concept of „foreign”, especially to G. Simmel’s, and also to the category of „stereotype”, which is usually associated with the perception of different nationalities. The presented fragment of research compares the attitude of students to the stereotype of a Ukrainian, which has been acknowledged and consolidated in Poland over the years of common history. Respondents also rated functioning of Ukrainian acquaintances at the university and in the dorm. Respondents in their opinion claim that the group of Ukrainians is large, but it is almost invisible at the university. This is due to the low access of foreigners to student life and isolation among „their own”. The attitude of Polish youth is certainly significant for this type of behavior. Polish students, despite declarations, do not make enough effort to get to know and maintain closer contacts with colleagues from Ukraine.
Coexistence, co-responsibility and interdependence as categories important to social pedagogy directed towards building local communities
Authors: Naumiuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes three categories: co-existence, co-responsibility and interdependence in the context of contemporary discussions about the role of social pedagogy in building local communities. New possible approaches arise while using these concepts for addressing contemporary conditions of the communities which result in new tasks of education. There are analysed also the consequences of the transformation from the previous rather static (territorial) view of local communities, that had the aim to root people in existing social structures, towards more dynamic, open and diverse spaces. They are not considered only as physical places anymore but as new local relations that are being developed, based on not stable, however increasingly popular forms of sharing experiences. For these changes the studied concepts match the new realities and in consequence demand pedagogical considerations.
Political and scientific support for the establishment of the Veterinary School in Lwów
Authors: Dzikowski Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Establishment of the veterinary university in Lwów would not be possible without the political support of Galician authorities, i.a. A. Potocki and S. Zamoyski, Galician and Viennese MPs, and professors A. Biesiadecki, P. Seifmann, H. Kadyi, and J. Szpilman, who performed repeated and uninterrupted activities of both official and unofficial character. Their contribution, postulates, commitment, and work undertaken, had overcame the resistance of central governmental powers. Creation of the Lwów veterinary academic school enabled training not only Polish veterinarians in their mother tongue, but was also an opportunity for students from other Slavic states. The aim of the work is to show the role of political and administrative supporters of the illustrious idea of the Veterinary School, and then lead to its elevation to the Academy.
The integration of minorities in the security forces in Israel: the case of Muslim Arab citizens in the Galilee
Authors: Abu Ismail-Hassan Kamleh
Published: January 2021

Although many changes have occurred and accumulated significantly in Arab society in Israel and in the majority-minority relationship, the great class gap between Arabs and Jewish has been retained. This gap depends on the division of the resources in Israeli society. Inequality in this division and in the social relations between Jewish and Arabs continues, although there are indications that it is lessening. It is difficult to speak about co-existence and peace between Jews and Arabs, since today the Arabs of Israel are integrated in Israeli society primarily by negative and involuntary forces, such as economic dependency, political heresy, and social ecological isolation (Smooha, 2011: 13). The present research focuses only on the Muslim Arab population integrated into the security forces in Israel.
Mental health services for Syrian refugees in Europe. Critical review
Authors: Nujiedat Zaied
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present background information about Syrian refugee mental health who arrived at Europe Union countries between 2015-2018 and provide statistics about prevalence to some mental health related issues. As well as illustrating the challenges and barrier to provide effective Syrian refugee mental health services. In addition, this paper presents some European countries experience in intervention program to improve mental health among Syrian refugee with providing examples about German and Jordan. This paper provided examples about some wide used programs in EU and middle East Countries that used to deal with refugee mental health issues such as STRENGTH program, PM+ and MHGAP. Many recommendations were suggested with focus on providing culture and language sensitive psychotherapy for refugee in EU countries.
Proaktywność versus poczucie skuteczności w procesie konstruowania kariery przez młodzież
Authors: Myszka-Strychalska Lucyna
Published: January 2021

The contemporary labour market is characterised by broadly understood flexibility which conditions the uncertainty of the professional situation of a person participating therein. One of the factors increasing their chances to have a successful career are not only relevant competences, qualifications and proactive behaviours to the benefit of their own development, but also their trust in their own abilities. In this article it has been attempted to confirm the thesis on the existence of co-dependence between the individual’s proactivity and self-efficacy in the process of developing a professional career. To this end, a review of selected theoretical depictions on both, constructs and results of research explorations specifying mutual relations, was conducted. The observations made have both, theoretical and practical implications that are interesting in cognitive terms. The analysis thereof may prove to be especially important with regard to young people who are preparing to enter the labour market.
School political culture. What is it and how to study it?
Authors: Kamecka-Antczak Celina
Published: January 2021

The article is an attempt to create a new category in the study of the school, which is school political culture. Theoretical meta-analysis was used. In the first part, the author explains why she asks about school political culture. Based on the assumption that the school is an organisation, it justifies applying the tools of political culture to its study. The school as an organisation is a separate system of activity, with clearly defined goals, a specific division of labour among members of the school community and connectivity between elements with a certain degree of formalisation and hierarchy of power. A comparison of elements of the school’s organisation with the basic elements of the political system is presented. The second part introduces the criteria that the theory of political culture should meet to become a theory that can be applied in school space. A meta-analysis of selected concepts of political culture: Gabriel Almond, Vilfredo Pareto and Zbigniew Blok (based on the developed criteria) allowed the selection of a leading theory. The results of meta-analysis are the subject of the third part of the article. The initial adaptation of the selected theory leading to the school specificity is a contribution to further scientific work on the development of a research tool allowing the classification of school political culture: of individual students, as well as the one dominating in the group.
Temporal Contrast Sensitivity Increases despite Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Pasquale Rose L. , Guo Ying , Umino Yumiko , Knox Barry , Solessio Eduardo
Published: January 2021

The detection of temporal variations in amplitude of light intensity, or temporal contrast sensitivity (TCS), depends on the kinetics of rod photoresponse recovery. Uncharacteristically fast rod recovery kinetics are facets of both human patients and transgenic animal models with a P23H rhodopsin mutation, a prevalent cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we show that mice with this mutation (RhoP23H/+) exhibit an age-dependent and illumination-dependent enhancement in TCS compared with controls. At retinal illumination levels producing ≥1000 R*/rod/s or more, postnatal day 30 (P30) RhoP23H/+mice exhibit a 1.2-fold to 2-fold increase in retinal and optomotor TCS relative to controls in response to flicker frequencies of 3, 6, and 12 Hz despite significant photoreceptor degeneration and loss of flash electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave amplitude. Surprisingly, the TCS of RhoP23H/+mice further increases as degeneration advances. Enhanced TCS is also observed in a second model (rhodopsin heterozygous mice, Rho+/−) with fast rod recovery kinetics and no apparent retinal degeneration. In both mouse models, enhanced TCS is explained quantitatively by a comprehensive model that includes photoresponse recovery kinetics, density and collecting area of degenerating rods. Measurement of TCS may be a non-invasive early diagnostic tool indicative of rod dysfunction in some forms of retinal degenerative disease.
Oil Fuels Guyana’s Internecine Conflict
Authors: Bulkan Arif , Trotz Alissa
Published: January 2021

This essay situates Guyana’s recent election standoff in a longer, relatively unbroken trajectory of racially divisive politics. It explores how historically oppressed peoples have directed their hostility at each other while governments have worked with extractive industries to perpetuate a neo-imperial economic structure. The recent discovery of major offshore oil deposits has started a new cycle of this economic dependency on commodity exports and multinational corporations while raising the stakes of racialized domestic political competition.
Cultural Imperialism in Capcom’s Mega Man Series
Authors: Schartmann Andrew
Published: January 2021

With its diverse “orchestral” palette and complex forms, the Nintendo NES repertoire stands as a monument to innovation—a creative outpouring driven by a compositional challenge inherent to the NES medium: how to create music that repeats extensively without drawing attention to the fact that it is repeating. In response to this challenge, composers developed ways to create the illusion of variety. On the one hand, they pushed the limits of the 2A03 sound chip by crafting timbral and textural effects to deepen its well of possibilities. On the other hand, they employed modular and layered compositional techniques to simultaneously maximize and disguise repetition.

Innovative as they are, these methods capture only a portion of the NES repertoire’s sophisticated makeup. This article moves beyond the details of technique and form to examine NES music from a new angle, one that centers on the impressive network of cultural meanings with which it engages. By treating deviations from normative musical traits as hermeneutic windows, my work draws on Japanese cultural studies, postwar Japanese history, and anime to interpret Capcom’s Mega Man series, and in particular Mega Man 2 (1989), as an allegory of cultural imperialism.
Resultados proceso de cocreación y presentación signo distintivo semillero de investigación Competitividad y Región. Grupo de Investigación HOLOS
Authors: Julian Santiago Toca Toca , Jennifer Vega-Barbosa , Juan Sebastián Aya , Valentina Franco
Published: January 2021

El documento da cuenta de los resultados del proceso de cocreación y presentación signo distintivo semillero de investigación Competitividad y Región. Grupo de Investigación HOLOS
Resultados del proceso de cocreación y Presentación final del signo distintivo del Semillero de investigación REI Grupo de Investigación HOLOS
Authors: Jairo Camilo Zamora Escobar , Jennifer Vega-Barbosa , Yuneisy Lagos Duarte , Laura Daniela Caro Álvarez , Natalia Sofía Velásquez Jiménez , Julieth Parada Gómez
Published: January 2021

El documento da cuenta de los Resultados del proceso de cocreación y Presentación final del signo distintivo del Semillero de investigación REI Grupo de Investigación HOLOS
Vermicompost an Alternative in the Treatment of Organic Solid Waste, in Zones Altoandinas, Tarma, Junin 2019
Authors: Calderón Godofredo Román Lobato , Yanqui Pascual Guevara , Arellano Miguel Ángel Ramírez
Published: January 2021

In the present investigation, the weight, growth, adaptability and production of humus of a calf foot of Californian red worm (Eisenia foetida) fed with compost (made from animal excreta and organic waste) and organic remains were evaluated. The evaluation was carried out in Tarma, Junín Region. A breeding ground was built with 3.2 m3 cement bricks (6.10 m long  1.05 m wide and 0.50 m high); with a 5 cm thick screed with a 2” PVC drain pipe with a west-east slope, raised by the west side at 15°. A population of 10,000 individuals (10 kilograms) was sown, a sample of 370 individuals was extracted by applying a Simple Random Sampling (MAS) whose average weight and length was 0.3 g and 30 mm. they were fed for 3 months (90 days), the calf was divided into 21 sampling points from which 383 worms were weighed and measured whose average weight and length were 0.38 g and 33.24 mm (3.32 cm). Data were taken every day at 2:00 pm, hydrogen potential (pH) and humidity (soil peach meter), substrate temperature (digital thermometer), ambient temperature (thermohygrometer) were recorded. The average weight of the worms varied from 0.30-0.38 g, the average length varied from 30-33.24 mm. The presence of tiny heels and worms demonstrated their adaptability. The production of humus was 3 tons, the efficiency of the breeding stock was 93.75%. The final substrate had an average of 6.72 pH, 13.61°C temperature, 69.86% humidity and 19.5°C ambient temperature. Consequently, vermicompost is an alternative in the treatment of organic solid waste to be developed in high Andean areas.
Determining the Most Accurate and Early Form for Detection of Lyme Disease
Authors: Zaremba Samantha
Published: January 2021

Lyme disease is the most common vector-based disease with over 300,000 new cases each year. The current diagnostic system for those with Early Lyme disease is only about 40% accurate. Since the severity of symptoms and probability of recurrence significantly increases as time progresses, there is a need to find a new alternative diagnostic system for Early Lyme disease. Many solutions to this problem are considered within this document, most notably: polymerase chain reaction detection, metabolic biosignature testing, and OspC targeting serological testing. After further analysis, metabolic biosignature testing is considered the best alternative since it yields the highest diagnosis sensitivity with around 89% accuracy. Additionally, metabolic biosignature testing is both cost effective and widely applicable since it does not require the Erythema migran rash to be used. Once in place, Lyme disease will be able to be diagnosed quicker, thus reducing the number of cases of Chronic Lyme disease which significantly reduces personal quality of life and is often costly. Keywords: Early Lyme disease, Metabolic Biosignature, Serological testing, Borrelia burgdorferi, Diagnostic Standards, Polymerase Chain Reaction
Preparation of photocatalyst with high reactivity from cellulose-based graphitic carbon
Authors: Chen Chao , Sun Kang , Wang Ao , Sun Hao , Lu Xincheng , Xu Wei , Wang Siqun , Jiang Jianchun
Published: January 2021

A photocatalyst with high reactivity was prepared in liquid phase through the in situ deposition of TiO2 on cellulose-based graphitic material that had been oxidized via Hummers’ method that was followed by a heating treatment at 200 °C. The composite had excellent photocatalytic activity for degrading methyl orange (MO), and reducing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) under ultraviolet irradiation as well as the reported graphene oxide/TiO2 composite. Under the optimal condition, the reaction rates for treating MO and Cr(VI) using the new catalyst system were 4.6 and 1.6 times higher, respectively, than that of commercial TiO2 (P25). In addition, the composite had good catalytic activity in acid solutions. Unlike the reported graphene oxide/TiO2 composite, TiO2 nanoparticles in the prepared composite aggregated to large particles of approximately 1 μm in size on the carbon substrate. When synthesized in the same procedure from other biomass materials, such as lignin, walnut shell, or fir sawdust, the composite had much lower reactivity, similar to that of neat TiO2; the lower graphitic degree of those materials might be the reason for the disparity in reactivity.
POLITIK HUKUM PENGALIHAN IZIN PERTAMBANGAN PADA PEMERINTAH PUSAT TERHADAP KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Wulandari Rika Putri , Fahrozi Muhammad Helmi
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaw Number 3 of 2020 is a new chapter in the development of mining law politics in Indonesia. The latest Minerba Law brings a number of major changes, one of which is the regulation of the authority to issue mining permits which has been transferred entirely to the central government. These changes caused controversy because the were considered contrary to constitutional values and the spirit of reform by eliminating the role of local governments in mineral and coal mining activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the legal politics of transferring mining permits to the central government and its implications for local government authority. This research is quantitative study using a normative juridical method through a statue approach and conceptual approach. This research finds that the legal politics of transferring mining permits to the central government is aimed at solving mining permit problems that facilitate investment activities so as to increase the country’s economic growth. However, the implications of this transfer of authority make regional governments no longer have attributive authority to issue mining permits. The current mining law should move to create synergy between governments, not by placing the central government and local governments on different paths for the sustainability of future development.Keywords : Politics of law; Mining Permit; Local Government Authority.                     AbstrakUU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 merupakan babak baru dalam perkembangan politik hukum pertambangan di Indonesia. UU Minerba terbaru membawa sejumlah perubahan besar salah satunya mengenai pengaturan kewenangan penerbitan izin pertambangan yang dialihkan seluruhnya kepada pemerintah pusat. Perubahan tersebut menimbulkan kontroversi karena dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai konstitusi dan semangat reformasi dengan menihilkan peran pemerintah daerah dalam kegiatan pertambangan minerba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui politik hukum pengalihan izin pertambangan kepada pemerintah pusat dan implikasinya terhadap kewenangan pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa politik hukum pengalihan izin pertambangan kepada pemerintah pusat ditujukan untuk mengurai permasalahan izin pertambangan yang memudahkan kegiatan investasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Namun, implikasi yang ditimbulkan akibat pengalihan kewenangan tersebut membuat pemerintah daerah tidak lagi memiliki kewenangan atributif dalam melakukan penerbitan izin pertambangan. Seharusnya hukum pertambangan yang ada saat ini bergerak untuk menciptakan sinergisitas antar pemerintahan bukan dengan menempatkan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah pada jalan yang berbeda demi keberlangsungan pembangunan di masa depan.Kata kunci : Politik Hukum, Izin Pertambangan; Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah.