bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child sexual abuse in India: A review
Authors: Bhullar DS , Mittal P , Singla A
Published: December 2015

The Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences Act
(POCSO) 2012 is the first comprehensive law in India on
child sexual abuse which expands the scope and range
of forms of sexual offences, making reporting of abuse
mandatory and defines guidelines for child friendly
police and procedures. Doctors and health care
professionals are often the first point of contact with
abused children and their families. They play a key role
in detecting abuse and providing immediate and longer
term care and support to children and their families.
Hence, they must have an overview of child sexual
abuse – prevention, detection and management of
abuse from a legal, medical and mental health angle.
SOME ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE DISCIPLINE OF MICROBIOLOGY
Authors: Khan Mohammed Sarosh , Gorea Rakesh Kumar , Qamar Shafqat , Mustafa Gulam , Gorea Abhinav
Published: December 2015

Ethics are of vital importance in microbiology. No new
scientific or technological development can claim
immunity from ethical scrutiny. More specifically, moral
and ethical concerns are of considerable importance in
influencing public attitudes towards microbiology. In
addition to the biosafety and biosecurity in
microbiological research, it is necessary to emphasize
the prevention of the techniques and published
knowledge from being misused.
The ethical issues of microbiological characterization
techniques in controlling the infectious diseases and
avoiding the spreading include both individuals and
public at large. Professional ethics is the moral bond
that links a profession, the people it serves, and society.
The patient’s welfare is paramount in clinical research
and healthcare ethics. The ethical issues we display
influence the kind of people who choose to work in our
profession and determine who choose to seek for our
services.
This article addresses ethical issues concerning
biosecurity, ethical issues in molecular techniques in
epidemics, antibiotic restriction and some ethical
aspects in clinical laboratory.
Value of crime scene visit in an unusual accidental electrocution death ‐ A case report
Authors: Kiran M. S. , Mestri Shashidhar C.
Published: December 2015

The advent of electricity, modernization and
industrialization are boon to mankind but at the same
time there is rise of accidental deaths due to flouting of
safety norms, callousness and ignorance. Electrical
injuries are common, and fatalities are rare but not
uncommon. It is often difficult to locate the site of entry
and how it would have occurred. The source of leakage
of electricity is very important to conclude and as well
prevent mortality and morbidity in future. Often,
dogmatic opinion is a must to claim compensation. The
Forensic Expert should visit the death scene before the
autopsy at least in complicated cases (if it is feasible),
and especially when one fails to come to a logical
conclusion by perusal of the documents like sketches,
photographs etc. prepared by the crime scene
investigation team. Many intriguing medicolegal deaths
may be resolved amicably by death scene investigation.
A visit by forensic expert to the scene of crime helps in
observing the body in the context of its surroundings.
One can pick up relevant trace evidences to arrive at
crucial conclusions viz. time since death, aid
investigating officer to trace the accused. Autopsy
surgeon can correlate and interpret findings during
autopsy. A rare case of electrocution is presented
where the site of exit of electricity was confusing. The
Autopsy surgeon’s scene visit cleared the doubts and
enabled the investigating officer to accurately
comprehend the manner of death, entry and exit, and
cause of death.
A critical review: Doctor, torture and Tokyo declaration
Authors: KantiJha Mrinal , Majumder B C , Mazumder Aloke
Published: December 2015

Following World War II, especially after the famous
Nuremberg Trial, involvement of doctors in human
torture came to light. Various international bodies like
UN, WMA, Red Cross, understood the magnitude of this
problem. Tireless effort of these bodies, to protect
humanity against torture by doctors, has, brought
forward several charters, with an aim that individuals
do not suffer from cruelty and degrading treatment.
Duty of doctor as per Hippocratic code of ethics is not
to use professional knowledge to harm humanity.
Regretfully doctors are getting involved in torture,
having forgotten both Hippocratic code of ethics and
the fundamentals of Tokyo declaration –A doctor must
not for any reason, take part in the practice of torture
as the role of doctor is to relieve distress of his/her
fellow person.
Drag Racing Turns Fatal‐ A Case Report
Authors: Yadukul S. , Suresh V.
Published: December 2015

Drag racing is a type of motor racing in which
automobiles or motorcycles (usually specially prepared
for the purpose) compete, usually two at a time, to be
first to cross a set finish line. Drag racing has existed in
both street racing and regulated motorsport forms
since automobiles and motorcycles were developed.
Few youth in Bangalore resort to street racing form at
nights in peripheral ring road, which is illegal.
Here, we are presenting a case of a 19yr old boy, who
died at a drag race finishing line. The present case
emphasizes the need for regulating drag racing in India
and to form strict guidelines for the same.
Analytical and Numerical Study of the Impact of Methanogenic Bacteria on Gas Composition in Underground Hydrogen Storages
Authors: Toleukhanov А. , Panfilov М. , Kаltayev А.
Published: December 2015

Unlike natural gas, hydrogen gas mixtures stored in underground reservoirs undergo active chemical transformations under the influence of methanogenic microorganisms inhabiting in porous reservoirs. They lead to reduction of hydrogen and carbon dioxide concentrations and increase methane concentration. This chemical activity coupled with bacterial dynamics and gas/water flow through porous medium causes the phenomenon of self-organization such as the occurrence of autowave spatial structures, whose dynamics is characterized by a multiplicity of scenarios and bifurcations between them. In this paper we continue to develop the qualitative theory of self-organization in underground hydrogen storage, for more complicated cases that include the mechanism of chemotaxis, which is one of the main types of bacterial movement, and takes into account the flow of both phases. The analysis of scenarios is based on the model of two-phase compositional flow coupled with population dynamics.
Arborização do Bairro Peixe-gordo na cidade de Icapuí-Ce
Authors: Souza Danilo Isac Maia de , Costa Lucas Ramos da , Gurgel Marcelo Tavares , Soares Sílvio Roberto Fernandes
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a arborização do bairro de peixe-gordo. Para isso foi realizado levantando, identificação e caracterização das árvores plantadas com potencial para o uso em arborização urbana, de forma a oferecer novas opções de utilização para estas árvores, levando em conta suas qualidades e limitações. A presente pesquisa foi realizada entre os dias 13 à 28 de julho de 2013, os dados foram coletados através de contagem simples e anotados em uma ficha de campo previamente preparada com informações sobre a data de coleta, nome vulgar (popular) e científico das espécies. Ainda foi realizado o registro de fotos das árvores. Foram encontrados 266 indivíduos arbóreos, pertencente a 29 espécies. A espécie mais frequente constatada foi o coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.) Com uma percentagem de 31,2%. Vale ressaltar que, a presença das espécies do (a): Nim (Azadirachta indica a. Juss.) com percentual de 26,3%, carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) com 6,01%, mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) e tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) com 4,13% respectivamente, e o juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.) com 3,38% de ocorrência.
Synchronous gesture manipulation for collaboration and coordination of co-located Business Process Modelling
Authors: Scholtz Brenda , Calitz Andre , Snyman Irene
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate approaches (techniques and technologies) for the coordination of collaborative tasks using synchronous gesture manipulation. Business Process Modelling (BPM) tasks are often performed in teams of modellers who need to collaborate with each other in order to coordinate and integrate their individual contributions into the various process models in a co-located environment.

These collaborative BPM tasks were used as a case study in order to develop the artifact (the BPM-Touch approach) as a proof of concept. The BPM-Touch approach allows for the coordination and collaboration of BPM tasks in co-located modelling teams using synchronous gesture manipulation approaches. The Design Science Research (DSR) methodology was used and several cycles of developing and evaluating the artifact took place.

This paper reports on the last cycle and set of evaluations. The proposed approach was implemented in a BPM software package in order to provide empirical validation. Usability evaluations of the software were undertaken with both students and BPM professionals as participants. The empirical results of the evaluations revealed that the participants found the approach to be effective and rated the usability and satisfaction of the collaboration and gesture manipulation aspects of the software positively.
How General-Purpose can a GPU be?
Authors: Machanick Philip
Published: December 2015

The use of graphics processing units (GPUs) in general-purpose computation (GPGPU) is a growing field. GPU instruction sets, while implementing a graphics pipeline, draw from a range of single instruction multiple datastream (SIMD) architectures characteristic of the heyday of supercomputers. Yet only one of these SIMD instruction sets has been of application on a wide enough range of problems to survive the era when the full range of supercomputer design variants was being explored: vector instructions.

This paper proposes a reconceptualization of the GPU as a multicore design with minimal exotic modes of parallelism so as to make GPGPU truly general.
Aerated Underbalance Drilling Screening Assessment at “X” Geothermal Field
Authors: Dwinanto Ariya , Rachmat Sudjati
Published: December 2015

Fault network is a challenging problem for geothermal drilling operations. Formation fluid contains high temperature production fluid which can reach >225oC on high enthalpy system. The other consequences is that almost all fault network has low pressure or subnormal pressure. This low pressure results to a loss circulation problem. This low pressure can even go lower if the geothermal field has been exploited for a long period. A miss reservoir management, that do not re-inject sufficient amount of fluid, will cause the reservoir pressure go lower. Another problem in Indonesia is the conservation area which almost all high enthalpy geothermal system exist. The pay zone that is beneath the conservation area must be reached by directional drilling as a solution. High temperature fluid, low formation pressure and conservation areas are problems for geothermal drilling. To overcome these problems, underbalance drilling method has an advantage dealing with low pressure reservoir.

This paper introduces a way to screen the underbalance drilling method on a certain field. This study will help the quantitative and qualitative decision whether the underbalance drilling is feasible or not. The first phase qualitative decision is based on wellbore stability, loss circulation, reservoir damage, stuck pipe incident, hard drilling and cost benefit. Then it will go to the drilling fluid decision. And at the end as a quantitative decision for constructing a feasible bottom hole pressure window area with some hole cleaning assessment. Underbalance drilling assessment will be studied on field “X” at one of Indonesia’s geothermal field. The screening of “X” geothermal field comes with conclusions that it has an opportunity underbalance drilling can be implemented with vertical aerated drilling wells on spesific gas and liquid flow rates.

 

Keywords: Geothermal, underbalance drilling, aerated drilling 
Application Savonius Turbine on Ferries 750 GT
Authors: Prasetyo Arif , Arifin Mohammad Danil , Prabowo Endro
Published: December 2015

Vessel operating costs the highest for purchase of fuel, with the increasingly limited oil reserves and the trend of oil price increases every year this is will add to the high operating costs. Important to start doing research for deploying renewable energy on the ship, especially to reduce the use of auxiliary engine on the ship. For renewable energy applications on ships using wind energy is available throughout the day. Application on the ship using savonius turbine, with high rotor 50 cm , diameters 40 cm , use of gear ratio to increase the rotation of the rotor and the generator 200 W.
Assuming when a sail the wind speed 12 m/s and the results of the electricity generated by the generator is average of 100 Wh. With the early stages of the installation 20 units turbines, then the results electricity generated can reach 2.000 W x 24 h = 4.8 kWh/d. This is certainly a very promising result for future development. With continuously research can certainly achieve the best efficiency.

Keywords: Renewable energy, Ship, Savonius turbine, Wind energy 
Utilization of High Acidity Non-Food Oils from Palm Oil Mill for Biofuel Applications
Authors: . Ichsan , Julianda Muda
Published: December 2015

High Fatty Acids Crude Palm Oil (HFCPO) and Palm Sludge Oil (PSO) are the by-products from Palm Oil Mills. The price of HFCPO and PSO are sufficiently lower than the official price quotation of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). On the other hand, both byproducts are potential sources for biofuel applications. New patented technology that integrates extraction/esterification process from the high acidity non-food oils has been introduced. This technology is a proven technology that brings economic benefits for Palm Oil Mills that could utilize high acidity non-food oils.

Keywords: HFCPO, PSO, CPO, SVO, FAME
La atención prenatal: una mirada desde los profesionales de la salud. Estudio cualitativo. Bucaramanga, 2012
Authors: Cáceres-Manrique Flor de María , Ruiz-Rodríguez Myriam , Hernández-Quirama Andrea
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: comprender los significados que tiene la atención prenatal (AP) para los profesionales de la salud (PS) que atienden a las embarazadas en control prenatal.

Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa, con sustento teórico en interaccionismo simbólico y métodos de la teoría fundamentada (TF). Previo consentimiento informado se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 17 PS: médicos, ginecólogos, pe­rinatólogos, enfermeras y psicólogas, quienes reali­zaban AP en instituciones públicas (centros de salud de atención primaria) y privadas (centros médicos y consultorios) de Bucaramanga (Colombia), en 2012. En estos escenarios también se observaron las in­teracciones de los profesionales y las gestantes. La información fue analizada simultáneamente con su recolección, usando razonamiento lógico inductivo y métodos propios de la TF para generar categorías, y muestreo teórico hasta lograr saturación de las ca­tegorías emergentes. El estudio fue aprobado por los comités de ética de las instituciones participantes.

Resultados: emergieron tres categorías denomina­das: 1) atención centrada en el manejo del riesgo, 2) dualidad entre las fallas del sistema y la calidad de la atención y 3) atención prenatal como un espacio de interacción y satisfacción.

Conclusiones: los participantes perciben la AP en tres sentidos: como escenario técnico, como oportunidad de interacción y satisfacción, y como una preocupación por lograr franquear las barreras que impone el sistema y brindar atención de buena calidad a las gestantes.
Propuesta de un Índice para la Medición de Democracia Económica en Costa Rica (Proposal of an index to measure economic democracy in Costa Rica)
Authors: Brenes Bonilla Lizette , Bermúdez Mesén Ligia
Published: December 2015

En este documento se presenta una propuesta paradeterminar el índice de democracia económica en CostaRica a nivel cantonal (IDE 2010). En la primera parte seaborda el concepto desde varias perspectivas, hasta obtenerla definición que será utilizada como base para establecersus tres dimensiones de análisis: participación, acceso einserción. Posteriormente, se describe el procedimientoaplicado en la estandarización de las variables e indicadoresconsiderados inicialmente para medir cada una de esasdimensiones. Una vez seleccionados los indicadoresfinales (porcentaje de participación en las eleccionespresidenciales, cobertura de la matrícula en la educaciónsecundaria, número de personas económicamente activas(PEA) por patrono inscrito, consumo promedio deelectricidad por habitante, densidad de patentes por km2y densidad de patronos inscritos por km2), se verifica lavalidez interna del IDE por medio del análisis factorialy las medidas de correlación, con lo cual se compruebala idoneidad de estos. Asimismo, se comprueba unacorrelación significativa entre el IDE 2010 y otros tresíndices afines.

 

ABSTRACT

This work presents a proposal for an index ofeconomic democracy in Costa Rica at cantonal level(IDE 2010). The first part approaches the concept fromseveral different perspectives, obtaining a definitionto be used as a base to establish three different analysisdimensions: participation, access and insertion. In thesecond part, the procedure used to standardize variablesand the initial indicators used to measure said variablesis described. Once final indicators were selected, IDEinternal validation was obtained through factor analysisand correlation measurement for: electoral participationpercentage, high school enrollment, economically activepopulation per recorded employer, per capita electricpower use, commercial city permits per km2 and recordedemployers per km2. Likewise, a significant correlationbetween IDE 2010 and other three similar indices wasfound.
La Selección de Mercados Preferentes como Clave en la Internacionalización Empresarial (The selection of preferential markets as a key for business internationalization)
Authors: Berbel Pineda Juan Manuel , Ramón Jerónimo María , Vázquez Carrasco Rosario
Published: December 2015

El incremento competitivo en los mercadoslocales, el nacimiento de una visión global delmundo, entre muchos otros motivos, han hechoque cada vez más las empresas estén interesadasen encontrar nuevos mercados. Por lo tanto,se presenta una herramienta que sirve paraidentificar el potencial de los países destino, lacual considera aspectos como el riesgo del país,el riesgo comercial, la estabilidad económica deéstos, etc. Los resultados que se presentan tomancomo base una serie de indicadores ofrecidospor la Secretaría de Turismo de España, apartir de los cuales se han analizado mercadosatractivos para empresas de Andalucía , pero estametodología puede extrapolarse y ser útil tanto alas empresas que buscan nuevos mercados comoa las instituciones que se dedican a fomentarla ayuda a la internacionalización; asimismo,resulta válida para futuros estudios en que seevalúen países como destino exportador.

 

ABSTRACT

Increased competition in local marketsand the awakening to a global vision of business(among several factors), have led to more andmore companies to seek and find new markets.To that end, we present a tool to identify thepotential of prospective countries, consideringcountry risk, commercial risk, economicstability, etc. Results are based on a series ofindicators used by Spain´s Secretary of State forTourism from which several attractive marketsfor companies from Andalusia, Spain werestudied, but the methodology can be adaptedand extrapolated to any company seeking newmarkets, as well as to public agencies promotinginternationalization. Also, the methodology isvalid for future studies evaluating countries asexport destinations.
Proactividad Medioambiental en la Empresa: Clasificación Empírica y Determinación de Aspectos Clave (Environmental proactiveness in the company: an empirical categorization and its key components)
Authors: Segarra Oña María del Val , Merello Giménez Paloma , Segura Maroto Marina , Peiró Signes Ángel , Maroto Álvarez Concepción
Published: December 2015

La proactividad medioambiental es partefundamental de la responsabilidad socialcorporativa de las empresas y genera beneficiostanto tangibles como intangibles. En estetrabajo se presenta un modelo de evaluacióny clasificación empresarial en función de laorientación hacia el medioambiente. Un análisisempírico a través de técnicas cuantitativasaplicadas a noventa y seis empresas industrialesespañolas ubicadas en la Comunidad Valencianapermite clasificar la muestra en tres gruposdiferentes. Se identifican también los factores quedeterminan dicha orientación y que caracterizanel grado de proactividad medioambiental. Losresultados obtenidos, por una parte, permitenorientar adecuadamente las actividades internasde la empresa al poner de manifiesto las causasy efectos que la proactividad medioambientaltiene sobre la competitividad de las empresasy, por otra parte, deben servir de guía paradefinir, de manera eficiente, las políticas públicasencaminadas a mejorar y aumentar la implicaciónmedioambiental del tejido empresarial.

 

ABSTRACT

Environmental proactiveness is afundamental component of any company´scorporate social responsibility that producesboth tangible and intangible benefits. Thispaper presents an evaluation and categorizationmodel from an environmental point of view.An empirical analysis made with quantitativetechniques to 96 Spanish industrial companieslocated in the Valencia Community, allowedus to distribute the sample in three distinctivegroups. The factors leading to that distributionand characterizing the degree of environmentalproactiveness were also identified. The resultsmake possible to steer a company´s internalactivities by highlighting the causes and effectsthat environmental proactiveness has on itscompetitiveness, and serve as a guide to shape uppublic policies aimed at increasing and improvingthe environmental involvement of businessnetworks.
An Associative Entrepreneurship Productive Plan (Un plan de prendimiento productivo)
Authors: Poveda Mora Johnny , Leabdro Elizondo José Ronald
Published: December 2015

En el mundo de hoy, existe un comportamiento dinámico que se ha convertido en una característica permanente para obtener la expansión de los mercados, que requiere de mucho esfuerzo para cambiar el pensamiento gubernamental con políticas sociales y emprendimientos que durante mucho tiempo han unido con su estrategia. La productividad es la respuesta, pero en el sentido más amplio de una actitud mental. La productividad fomenta el mejoramiento continuo y representa la clave para competir exitosamente en el mundo globalizado de hoy. Al formular opciones específicas para incrementar la productividad, hemos tomado en consideración la responsabilidad social y el bienestar humano que recientemente han aumentado de importancia. Con el movimiento hacia la productividad, una región se garantiza el crecimiento económico, fomenta el emprendedurismo y las capacidades de las PYMEs, y por tanto aumenta las posibilidades de empleo. Con este fin se ejecutó una investigación con participación activa, para el desarrollo de una estructura denominada Arreglos de Producción Local que se aplicó en Frailes, una región costarricense basada históricamente en la producción cafetalera. Al respecto, fue desarrollada una alternativa económica para la región por parte de amas de casa que jugaron un papel predominante en el desarrollo de las economías domésticas mediante la creación de PYMEs.

ABSTRACT

In today´s world, there is a dynamic behavior that becomes a constant feature in order to reach market expansion; it requires a lot of effort to change the way of government thinking with the social policies and enterprises that have been engaged with strategies for a long time. Productivity is the answer but in a broader point of view, productivity is a state of mind. It fosters continuous improvement and represents the key to succeed competing in today´s globalized world. In formulating specific measures for productivity improvement we also took into consideration the social responsibility and human welfare implications which have become a matter of growing concern. Also with the productivity movement, a region ensures economic growth, fostering entrepreneurship and SMEs capabilities and therefore increasing employment opportunities. In this regard, an action research was made for the deployment of a structure called Local Productivity Arrangements and it was applied in Frailes, a Costa Rican region, historically based on coffee growing. In this respect, an alternative for the region was made by entrepreneurial housewives and a key role was played by them in the domestic economic development through the creation of new SMEs.
Empresas de Base Cultural y Creativa: Identificación y Clasificación de sus Factores Críticos de Desempeño (Culture and creative based companies: identifying and classifying their critical performance factors)
Authors: Podestá Paola , Hernández María Cristina
Published: December 2015

El sector de las industrias culturales y creativas ha venido generando un interés creciente en la economía productiva; es por esto que la relación entre economía y cultura ocupa hoy un lugar predominante, especialmente por las altas inversiones que esta industria requiere, aunadas a las significativas ganancias que reporta. Este artículo es el resultado de un estudio realizado por la Universidad EAFIT sobre el mencionado sector, y responde a la necesidad de conocer mejor el emprendimiento en industrias que se caracterizan por conjugar la creatividad y la cultura. El estudio permitió identificar los factores críticos de desempeño que hacen que estas industrias sean viables y cumplan sus objetivos. Los resultados sirven como referente para desarrollar un marco conceptual y pedagógico dirigido, en principio, a la formación de profesionales en el campo de las empresas culturales y creativas, y se suma a los estudios que se han conducido y continúan haciéndose alrededor de este particular sector del emprendimiento empresarial.

 

ABSTRACT

The culture and creative industry sector has generated a growing interest into productive economies; thus the relationship between economy and culture is highly regarded today due to the high investment required and the high yields resulting from this sector. This paper resulted from a research by the EAFIT university about this sector and answers the need to better known entrepreneurship in industries based in both creativity and culture. We were able to identify critical performance factors that made these industries viable and reach their goals. Results can be used to develop a conceptual and pedagogical frame to form professionals able to work in them, and also adds to previous and ongoing knowledge developed for this particular entrepreneurial sector.
El Proceso de Sucesión en la Empresa Familiar y su Impacto en la Organización (The succession process in a family owned business and its impact on the organization)
Authors: Araya Leandro Arnoldo
Published: December 2015

Dada la importancia de la empresa familiar (EF) y su trascendencia en diversos ámbitos (económico, empresarial, profesional, político y universitario), y al ser uno de sus principales problemas la sucesión generacional, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el fundamento teórico del proceso de sucesión en la empresa familiar y su impacto en la organización; se incluye un breve resumen sobre el concepto y las características de la sucesión en EF, la sucesión directiva y la frecuencia de la sucesión generacional, así como la importancia de planificar la sucesión.

ABSTRACT

Considering the importance of family businesses and their impact on the economic, entrepreneurial, professional , political and college education fields, and being the generational succession process one of more important hurdles they have, this paper aims at presenting the theoretical foundation on which the succession process resides and its impact on the organization; also a brief summary about the concept of succession, its characteristics, directory board make up, generational succession frequency and the importance of succession planning is presented.
Modelo Comparativo de Índices Financieros, para la Evaluación de Compañías Comparables en Latinoamérica (A inancial index comparison model to evaluate management performance in similar latin american companies)
Authors: Murillo Pérez Sebastián , Ruiz Campos Seth Francisco , Benavides Chacón Jorge
Published: December 2015

En nuestra realidad mundial, lacompetitividad es de máxima trascendencia paranuestras compañías, e incluso para los países.Esto es muy fácil afirmarlo, pero lo que sugiereen el fondo es que ya no es suficiente el manejodel desempeño, año a año, de la empresa, sino quees necesaria la comparación con otras empresasdedicadas a la misma actividad, con el fin deidentificar deficiencias o ventajas competitivas,para ajustar las estrategias del negocio. El actualartículo tiene la más alta relevancia en este tema,ya que presenta un modelo de comparación deíndices financieros mediante los cuales los paíseslatinoamericanos podrían compararse con otrosmercados. Los autores se dedicaron a la tarea derecopilar información disponible de países dela Eurozona para compararla con la de un paísde Latinoamérica, lo que ayudaría a definir, porejemplo, el nivel utilizado de recursos empresariales(activos, recursos de capital) o el margen deganancia esperado. A partir de lo anterior, el modelopuede ser usado por cualquier sector empresarial.

 

ABSTRACT

Competitiveness is of the utmost importancefor companies and even countries in contemporaryglobal reality. Although easy to say, the core of thematter suggests that nowadays it is not enoughto manage performance on a year to year basis,but it is also necessary to compare it with othercompanies in the same course of business in orderto identify competitive advantages or deficiencies,and adjust business strategies accordingly. Thisarticle is highly relevant for this subject as itpresents a financial index comparison modelthrough which Latin American countries cancompare themselves to other markets. The authorscompiled information available for the Euro zonecountries in order to compare it to any LatinAmerican country, which could, for instance,be used to establish the level of entrepreneurialresources used (assets, capital resources), or theexpected profit margin, based on which the modelcan be applied by any entrepreneurial sector.
Propuesta de un Modelo Alternativo para Mejorar la Rentabilidad de los Fondos Captados por el Régimen Obligatorio de Pensiones Complementarias de Costa Rica (A proposal for an alternate model to increase the profitability of supplementary pension)
Authors: Marchena Segura Carla , Marín Alvarado Rebeca
Published: December 2015

El presente trabajo de investigación plantea unapropuesta de un modelo alternativo para mejorar larentabilidad de los fondos captados por el RégimenObligatorio de Pensiones Complementarias de CostaRica, a partir del modelo de Multifondos implementadoen Chile y Colombia, para un manejo más eficiente delas inversiones de los Fondos de Pensiones. El modelode Multifondos propuesto consiste en un conjuntode tres fondos de pensiones, los cuales se diferencianen cuanto a sus límites de inversión en renta variable.La ley y reglamentos en relación con el ROP, permitenadoptar el modelo Multifondos, ya que las modificacionesa realizar son a nivel de funcionamiento operativode la administración de las cuentas individuales y delas inversiones, para lo cual sería necesario modificarúnicamente el Reglamento. Los Multifondos puedenayudar a resolver las deficiencias del Régimen Obligatoriode Pensiones Complementarias vigente, principalmente enmateria de diversificación de los portafolios de inversión.

 

ABSTRACT

This study proposes an alternate model to increasethe profitability of supplementary pension funds gatheredby the Costa Rican mandatory pension system based onthe multiple funds model applied in Chile and Colombia,for a better and efficient way to manage the investmentsof Pension Funds. The proposed multiple funds modelis comprised by three pension funds, differentiatedonly by their variable rate investing limits. The rulesand regulations of the Mandatory Pension System(MPS) allow the adoption of a multiple funds model,as the modifications to be done for the management ofindividual accounts and investments are at the operationallevel, requiring only a modification of the regulations.Multiple funds can help clear out current deficiencies ofthe Supplementary Pension Fund Mandatory System,mainly regarding investment portfolio diversification.
Una empresa Born Global de Consultoría en Costa Rica: Estructura Organizativa, Lateral y Centralizada (A Costa Rican born global consulting company: A lateral and centralized organization)
Authors: Quesada Chaves Federico , Pla Barber José
Published: December 2015

Para este estudio se identificóla presencia, en Costa Rica, de unaempresa de internacionalizaciónacelerada en el sector servicios llamadaSanigest Internacional, asimismo, sedeterminaron las particularidadesorganizativas de esta firma para generarconocimiento e innovaciones en elmercado de consultoría de la salud anivel mundial. También se establecióque existe centralización, socializacióny creación de conocimiento, así comolateralidad y mecanismos de controlespeciales para el aprovechamiento delas redes formales e informales en lasque se desempeña esta empresa. La centralización en el gerente se manifiesta enla estructura formal de la empresa.

 

ABSTRACT

This study identified an acceleratedinternationalization service sector companynamed Sanigest Internacional and alsoestablished the organizational qualitiesused to generate both knowledge andinnovations in the global health consultingmarket sector. It was determined thatthere is centralization, socialization andknowledge creation, as well as lateralityand special control mechanisms to exploitthe formal and informal networks thiscompany employs. The centralization onthe manager´s position is evident in thecompany´s formal structure.
¿QUIEN CREA MIPYMES EN COSTA RICA? (¿Who are the SME creators in Costa Rica?)
Authors: Leiva Bonilla Juan Carlos
Published: December 2015

Este trabajo presenta las características más relevantes de los emprendedores que crearos sus propias empresas en Costa Rica, así como el entorno en el cual lo hicieron. Esto a partir de los datos emanados del segundo estudio nacional de micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) costarricenses efectuado por el Observatorio de Mipymes durante el año 2011.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the most relevant characteristics of the entrepreneurs that created companies in Costa Rica and the country’s entrepreneurial environment. This analysis was done using data from the Second National Survey of micro, small and medium sized Costa Rican companies made by the SME Observatory during 2011.
DIFERENCIAS POR GÉNERO EN EL EMPRENDIMIENTO EMPRESARIAL COSTARRICENSE. (Gender differences in the costa rican entrepreneurial environment)
Authors: Brenes Bonilla Lizette , Bermúdez Mesén Ligia
Published: December 2015

El Observatorio de Mipymes realizó el Segundo estudio nacional de micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) costarricenses durante el 2011, por medio de una encuesta aplicada a 1167 mipymes. En este trabajo se obtienen resultados desglosados por género para algunas variables principales indagadas en dicho estudio, las cuales permiten identificar características de las personas propietarias de estas empresas y las condiciones en que emprendieron sus negocios. Con el propósito de comprobar si las diferencias observadas son significativas, se aplicaron las pruebas correspondientes. Los resultados muestran que la participación femenina en el parque empresarial mipymes costarricense es muy baja y está limitada principalmente a las microempresas. Además, se verifican diferencias por género estadísticamente significativas que develan mayores dificultades para las mujeres en aspectos tales como: falta de experiencia en el sector empresarial, menor conocimiento del negocio, falta de recursos para emprender en forma individual y mayor dependencia respecto a los ingresos de la empresa.

ABSTRACT

The SME Observatory developed the Second National Survey of micro, small and medium sized Costa Rican companies (SMEs) during 2011 using survey answers from 1167 SMEs. This work generated gender classified data for a few of the variables examined that led to the identification of characteristics for female business owners, and the limitations in which they developed their businesses. Tests for the validation of significant differences observed were applied. Results show that female participation in the Costa Rican SME population is very low and limited to micro enterprises only. Besides, statistically different gender differences revealed greater difficulties for women in areas like the lack of entrepreneurial experience, lesser knowledge of the business, lack of resources for individual entrepreneurship and a great dependency from the company’s revenue.
CONDICIONES ACTUALES DEL FINANCIAMIENTO DE LAS PYMES COSTARRICENSES. (Current financing conditions for costa rican SME companies)
Authors: Brenes Bonilla Lizette , Bermúdez Mesén Ligia
Published: December 2015

Uno de los temas indagados en el Segundo estudio nacional realizado por el Observatorio Costarricense de Mipymes durante el 2011 corresponde al financiamiento de las micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas costarricenses. Se consultaron las fuentes de financiamiento más utilizadas, la presentación de solicitudes de crédito durante los últimos cinco años, la utilización que en general hacen estas empresas de los diferentes medios de financiamiento y sus requerimientos actuales. De forma similar a lo que ocurre en otros países, los fondos propios constituyen la principal opción para estas empresas. Por ello, en este trabajo han sido analizadas las condiciones que propician la autofinanciación o el uso de otras opciones. Por medio del análisis estadístico de la información recopilada en la encuesta, se comprueba que algunas variables relativas a la gestión empresarial, tales como la fuente de financiamiento inicial, la experiencia del (de la) empresario(a) y la prioridad que dan al manejo de aspectos financieros, presentan una asociación significativa con las estrategias de financiamiento en las mipymes costarricenses.

ABSTRACT

Financing was one of the areas investigated in the Second National Survey of micro, small and medium sized Costa Rican companies during 2011. The most used financing sources, credit applications during the last five years, end use of this credit, and current credit requirements in various financing institutions were investigated. Similar to other countries, own funding was the main option for these companies. Thus, this work examines the conditions that facilitate the use of self financing or other options available. Through statistic analysis of the information collected, variables like initial funding source, previous experience of the entrepreneur and priority given to financial management were shown to present a definite relationship to financing strategies for Costa Rican SMEs.
Las TIC y las Mipymes costarricenses: Situación actual, retos y oportunidades. (ICTs and Costa Rica SMEs: current status, challenges and opportunities)
Authors: Picado Arroyo Rytha , Rivas Bustos Ana Cristina
Published: December 2015

Las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) han tenido un fuerte impacto en el desarrollo económico y social de los países. Costa Rica no se abstrae de esta realidad y muchos menos las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mipymes) por lo cual la Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Mipymes 2011 incursiona en temas de interés que relacionan el uso y aprovechamiento de las TIC. Este artículo resume los hallazgos más relevantes en las siguientes áreas: Internet, comercio electrónico, Internet en celulares y redes sociales.

ABSTRACT

SMEfinancing was one of the areas investigated in the Second National Survey ofmicro, small and medium sized Costa Rican companies during 2011. The most usedfinancing sources, credit applications during the last five years, end use ofthis credit, and current credit requirements in various financing institutionswere investigated. Similar to other countries, own funding was the main optionfor these companies. Thus, this work examines the conditions that facilitatethe use of self financing or other options available. Through statisticanalysis of the information collected, variables like initial funding source,previous experience of the entrepreneur and priority given to financialmanagement were shown to present a definite relationship to financingstrategies for Costa Rican SMEs.
Brechas de género en las mujeres (Gender breeches in working women classes)
Authors: Arias Cascante Nalda , León Jiménez Shirley
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo pretende ofrecer una reflexión
sobre el papel de la mujer trabajadora en América Latina
y Europa, orientada al cambio y a la toma de decisiones,
por medio de la metodología cualitativa (Taylor y
Bogdan, 1986), basada en el paradigma interpretativo,
cuyo fin es comprender e interpretar, mediante el análisis
documental consultado sobre esta relevante temática,
una serie de elementos en su comprensión.El abordaje
de la temática de la mujer trabajadora comprende
muchas aristas, por lo que utilizaremos la perspectiva
de género, con lo que se pretende mostrar cómo se complejiza
y transforma en una categoría de análisis para
pensar/repensar y transformar las relaciones sociales entre
los sexos que aún pugnan en el ámbito de la organización
social y cultural actuales. Asimismo, se aportan
los hallazgos encontrados sobre esta temática, los cuales
permitirán ampliar el campo de investigación y brindar
nuevos elementos para plantear cambios estructurales
profundos que den paso al rompimiento de los viejos
paradigmas patriarcales.

 

Abstract

This article calls for a consideration of the role of
working women in Latin America and Europe, oriented
towards change and decision making using a qualitative
methodology (Taylor and Bogdan, 1987) based on
interpretative paradigm and whose objective is to comprehend
and interpret a series of elements of this topic
through an analysis of documented research.
The approach of the working woman’s topic can
be done from several angles, so we will use a gender
perspective to show how it becomes an analytical category
to think, rethink and transform the gender
relations still present in current social and cultural
organizations. Also, new findings on this subject are
presented that will allow broaden the investigation field
and propose deep structural changes to break old patriarchal
paradigms.
La participación de las Universidades Públicas en el Capital Social de las spin off académicas: Una propuesta para su fundamento legal en Costa Rica (Participation of public universities in the social capital of academic spin offs: A proposal)
Authors: Espinoza Carro Gabriel
Published: December 2015

Desde el año 2002, Costa Rica cuenta con la Ley
Nº 8262, denominada Ley de Fortalecimiento de las
Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas; empero, uno de los
principales obstáculos que sigue existiendo, y debe
ser resuelto para el desarrollo y crecimiento de las
MIPYMES, es la imposibilidad constante de acceder
a recursos financieros en el momento que les permita
un adecuado desarrollo. En este campo existe una
figura cuya importancia no ha adquirido fuerza
en suelo costarricense, realidad que ha limitado
su aprovechamiento oportuno. Nos referimos a
las denominadas empresas spin off académicas,
usualmente relacionadas a las Empresas de Base
Tecnológica (EBT) creadas gracias a la colaboración
entre las universidades y emprendedores, cuyo
acercamiento, concepto y posible tratamiento legal
será el objeto del presente trabajo.

 

Abstract

Costa Rica enacted Law Nº 8262, called Law
for Strengthening Small and Medium Businesses,
in 2002; however, the main obstacle still existing
and necessary to help the development and growth
of SME’s is the continuing impossibility to access
financial resources at the precise moment that
will allow an adequate development. In this area
there is a field in Costa Rica that has not developed
strength and has also limited its timely taking
of advantage. We refer to the so called academic
spin off companies, related to Technology-Based
Companies (TBE’s), created through the joint
efforts of public universities and entrepreneurs, and
whose approach, concept and possible legal basis is
the object of this work.

 
Costa Rica en el Doing Business: Un trámite pendiente (Doing Business in Costa Rica: a pending issue)
Authors: Chacón Rodríguez Leonardo
Published: December 2015

Las regulaciones para la apertura de una empresa
constituyen un aspecto fundamental en el “clima para
hacer negocios” de un país, lo cual ha sido incluido en
forma sistemática por el Banco Mundial en su Informe
del Doing Business desde el año 2004, que establece un
ranking de los países. Costa Rica ha ocupado una posición
desfavorable en el ámbito mundial y regional, incluso
inferior a países con menor nivel de desarrollo humano
relativo. El presente artículo ofrece una valoración de
Costa Rica en el tema de apertura de una empresa, a fin
de mostrar los avances o retrocesos del país en la materia
y particularizando las valoraciones desde una perspectiva
comparada con países de igual nivel de desarrollo humano
y la región CAFTA-DR, para describir los Estados que
ratificaron el Tratado de Libre Comercio con los Estados
Unidos. Para contextualizar estas valoraciones, se incluye
un recuento de las políticas públicas en materia de trámites
propuestas en varias administraciones, lo cual devela la
agenda pendiente, así como la importancia de continuar
con los esfuerzos orientados hacia la consolidación de
un entorno o ecosistema de negocios que promueva la
competitividad sostenible del parque empresarial del país,
en particular las MiPymes.

 

Abstract

Necessary regulations for opening a company
constitute a basic step in a country’s “business climate”
and have been systematically included since 2004 in
country rankings by the World Bank in their Doing
Business Report. The Costa Rican ranking has been
systematically unfavorable in the regional and global
scopes, even lower than countries with an inferior human
development level. This article offers an assessment of
the requirements for establishing a company in Costa
Rica, that show both the progresses and set backs that
have occurred, and compares them to other countries
of the CAFTA-DR Treaty, and with countries with a
similar human development level that have ratified Free
Trade Agreements with the United States of America. A
summary is included listing public governmental policies
proposed during several administrations, which reveal a
still pending agenda and the importance of continuing
efforts towards the solidification of a business friendly
environment promoting the sustainable competitiveness
of SMEs and larger sized companies in the country.