bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter‐individual and intra‐individual variation of the effects of pulsed RF EMF exposure on the human sleep EEG
Authors: Lustenberger Caroline , Murbach Manuel , Tüshaus Laura , Wehrle Flavia , Kuster Niels , Achermann Peter , Huber Reto
Published: February 2015

Pulse‐modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) can alter brain activity during sleep; increases of electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the sleep spindle (13.75–15.25 Hz) and delta‐theta (1.25–9 Hz) frequency range have been reported. These field effects show striking inter‐individual differences. However, it is still unknown whether individual subjects react in a similar way when repeatedly exposed. Thus, our study aimed to investigate inter‐individual variation and intra‐individual stability of field effects. To do so, we exposed 20 young male subjects twice for 30 min prior to sleep to the same amplitude modulated 900 MHz (2 Hz pulse, 20 Hz Gaussian low‐pass filter and a ratio of peak‐to‐average of 4) RF EMF (spatial peak absorption of 2 W/kg averaged over 10 g) 2 weeks apart. The topographical analysis of EEG power during all‐night non‐rapid eye movement sleep revealed: (1) exposure‐related increases in delta‐theta frequency range in several fronto‐central electrodes; and (2) no differences in spindle frequency range. We did not observe reproducible within‐subject RF EMF effects on sleep spindle and delta‐theta activity in the sleep EEG and it remains unclear whether a biological trait of how the subjects' brains react to RF EMF exists. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:169–177, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental study of survival of pedicled perforator flap with flow-through and flow-end blood supply
Authors: Wang Y , Chen S-Y , Gao W-Y , Ding J , Shi W , Feng X-L , Tao X-Y , Wang L , Ling D-S
Published: February 2015

Background

Flap viability after transfer depends on blood flow from the arterial blood supply below the fascia. This study evaluated survival of a pedicle flap with a perforator lateral branch and flow-through blood supply, compared with that of a flap with a flow-end blood supply and perforator terminal branch.

Methods

Forty Sprague–Dawley rats, 20 in each group, were assigned to transfer of a superficial epigastric artery pedicle island flap with a flow-through or flow-end configuration of blood supply. Laser Doppler imaging was used to evaluate flap perfusion 2 h, 3 days and 5 days after surgery. The rats were killed on day 5, and lead oxide–gelatine-enhanced flap angiography and histology with haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. Dorsal midline tissue was excised for quantification of vascular endothelial growth factor by western blot assay.

Results

On day 5 after surgery, the flow-through group exhibited a significantly greater mean(s.d.) flap survival area (97·8(3·5) versus 80·8(10·2) per cent; P = 0·003), microvascular density (303(19) versus 207(41) per mm2; P < 0·001) and perfusion (8·64(0·14) versus 5·95(0·14) perfusion units; P < 0·001) than the flow-end group. The flow-through group exhibited more angiosomes connected by dilated vascular anastomoses between the skin and subcutaneous fasciae.

Conclusion

The flow-through blood supply improved pedicle perforator flap survival. Surgical relevancePerforator flap failure is mainly the result of impaired blood supply, as a flow-end blood configuration is nourished only by the perforator terminal branch of the artery.This work showed that the flow-through blood supply nourished by the perforator lateral branch improved flap survival, with dilatation of collateral vascular anastomoses and increased neoangiogenesis.The use of a flow-through configuration improves perforator flap survival and could therefore minimize morbidity resulting from flap necrosis.
Room Temperature CP Bond Formation Enabled by Merging Nickel Catalysis and Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Xuan Jun , Zeng Ting‐Ting , Chen Jia‐Rong , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: February 2015

A novel and efficient CP bond formation reaction of diarylphosphine oxides with aryl iodides was achieved by combining nickel catalysis and visible‐light‐induced photoredox catalysis. This dual‐catalytic reaction showed a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Compared with the previously reported use of photoredox/nickel dual catalysis in the construction of CC bonds, the methodology described herein was observed to be the first to allow for C‐heteroatom bond formation.
Genetic variants and response to cancer treatments
Authors: Warusavitarne Janindra , Stebbing Justin , Faiz Omar
Published: February 2015

The authors discuss new findings that single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with off‐target effects of antiangiogenesis agents have a bearing on clinical outcomes. This, in turn, reveals potential new targets for drug development.
A review of incidence and relevant risk factors in genitourinary malignancies
Authors: Tobin Marie B. , Steinberg Gary D.
Published: February 2015

In the current issue of Cancer, Klaassen et al have identified an increased risk of suicide in 4 of 5 genitourinary malignancies, with an especially high risk noted in patients with bladder and kidney cancer. This study identified older age, male sex, single/widowed/divorced status, white race, aggressive disease, and increased surgical intervention as risk factors for increased suicide risk in patients with genitourinary malignancies.
Prefabricated masonry panel system with two‐component polyurethane adhesive / Vorgefertigte Mauertafeln mit Zweikomponenten‐Polyurethanklebstoff
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Graubohm Markus
Published: February 2015

Building with factory‐prefabricated masonry panels made of clay units meanwhile has become a long‐established, field‐proven construction method. The advantages are shorter construction time for shell constructions, lower construction costs and uniform level of quality as well as high dimensional accuracy of the masonry panels and a production that is independent of weather influences. An innovation in the field of prefabricated masonry is the dry bonding method for prefabricated masonry panels made of clay units whereby, instead of a conventional thin layer mortar, a two‐component polyurethane adhesive (2C‐PUR) is applied by machine to the flat ground surface of the clay unit.

In mid 2013, the Institute of Building Materials Research (ibac) in Aachen was commissioned by Redbloc Deutschland GmbH to carry out tests on masonry prefabricated with 2C‐PUR adhesive, to establish the necessary basis for obtaining a general technical approval (abZ) for masonry panels built according to the Redbloc system and thereby lay the foundations for using this new construction method in Germany.

This article shall firstly give a survey of the test programme for the approval procedure agreed with the German building authority , Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt), and present the key results obtained from the tests carried out in Aachen. Furthermore the individual steps from planning via production in the prefabrication plant right through to transport and assembling of the masonry panels at the building site will be presented, taking the example of the first prefabrication factory of Redbloc Elemente GmbH opened at Plattling in Germany in the meantime.
The bending strength of masonry / Biegezugfestigkeit von Mauerwerk
Authors: Schmidt Ulf , Bakeer Tammam , Jäger Wolfram , Brameshuber Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Bending strength of masonry becomes an important design aspect especially when the walls subjected to lateral loads like, cellar walls which are subject to earth pressure, and façades/ infill walls which are exposed to the wind actions. Bending strength is required wherever the applied load is perpendicular to the wall. It is also required in non‐load‐bearing partition walls, where the load applied in both the normal and perpendicular directions. Besides, the tensile properties of the brick/block and lengthwise parameters related to geometry and materials technology also influence the bending strength of masonry. These include the thickness of the wall, the extent of overlap, and both the shear and the tensile strength of the bond. Consideration must also be given to the possible presence of mortar in the head joints, which can significantly increase bending strength, especially where joints fail. In addition to these materials technology factors, it is very important to observe the realistic influence of the boundary conditions. The degree of fixity is among the factors to be considered in calculation models. In this contribution, two aspects are going to be observed and analysed, namely: the principles of bearing capacity under lateral loading alongside the models derived from these for cellar walls and areas of infill; and the influence of materials technology/geometric parameters on the bending strength of masonry.
Nerve injury‐induced calcium channel alpha‐2‐delta‐1 protein dysregulation leads to increased pre‐synaptic excitatory input into deep dorsal horn neurons and neuropathic allodynia
Authors: Zhou C. , Luo Z.D.
Published: February 2015

Background

Up‐regulation of voltage‐gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit post spinal nerve ligation (SNL) injury or in α2δ1‐overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice correlates with tactile allodynia, a pain state mediated mainly by Aβ sensory fibres forming synaptic connections with deep dorsal horn (DDH) neurons. It is not clear, however, whether dysregulated α2δ1 alters DDH synaptic neurotransmission that underlies tactile allodynia development post nerve injury.

Methods

Tactile allodynia was tested in the SNL and α2δ1 Tg models. Miniature excitatory/inhibitory post‐synaptic currents were recorded in DDH neurons from these animal models using whole‐cell patch clamp slice recording techniques.

Results

There was a significant increase in the frequency, but not amplitude, of miniature excitatory post‐synaptic currents (mEPSC) in DDH neurons that correlated with tactile allodynia in SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice. Gabapentin, an α2δ1 ligand that is known to block tactile allodynia in these models, also normalized mEPSC frequency dose‐dependently in DDH neurons from SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice. In contrast, neither frequency nor amplitude of miniature inhibitory post‐synaptic currents was altered in DDH neurons from SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that α2δ1 dysregulation is highly likely contributing to tactile allodynia through a pre‐synaptic mechanism involving facilitation of excitatory synaptic neurotransmission in DDH of spinal cord.
Interventions to address deficits of pharmacological pain management in nursing home residents – A cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Könner F. , Budnick A. , Kuhnert R. , Wulff I. , Kalinowski S. , Martus P. , Dräger D. , Kreutz R.
Published: February 2015

Background

To evaluate the effect of interventions for general practitioners and nursing home staff to improve pain severity and appropriateness of pain medication in nursing home residents (NHR).

Methods

This cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in six nursing homes in the intervention and control group, respectively. Pain management was analysed before (T0) and after (T1, T2) an educational intervention in 239 NHR, aged ≥65 years, without moderate or severe cognitive impairment. Primary and secondary outcomes were average pain severity and appropriateness of pain medication as determined with the Numeric Rating Scale and Pain Medication Appropriateness Scale (PMASD), respectively.

Results

At T0, 72.2% and 73.7% of NHR (mean age 83 years) reported pain (average pain severity 2.4) in the intervention and control group, respectively. The PMASD at T0 was 53.9 in the intervention group and 60.8 in the control group (p = 0.12), while 20.6% compared to 6.9% (p = 0.009) received no pain medication in the two groups. At T2, non‐significant improvements in the average pain severity (1.59) and PMASD (61.07) were observed in the intervention group. Moreover, the mean individual PMASD increased by 8.09 (p = 0.03) and the proportion of NHR without pain medication decreased by 50% (p = 0.03) in the intervention group. No appreciable changes were found in the control group at T2.

Conclusions

NHR exhibited a high prevalence of pain with overall low severity, while a high proportion of individuals received inappropriate pain medications. Both findings were not significantly improved by the intervention, although some aspects of drug treatment were meaningful improved.
Evaluation of the radiological characterization in a coal‐fired power plant, China
Authors: You Mu , Hu Yunhu , Lu Jun , Li Chaopin
Published: February 2015

The transformation and environmental characteristics of natural radionuclides in a coal‐fired power plant were investigated. The coal, bottom ash, fly ash, and soil samples were collected. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) were determined by a high‐purity germanium gamma ray spectrometer. The radiological hazard factors include radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, air absorbed dose rates, and annual effective dose that were used to evaluate the potential environmental and health risk. The results show that these natural radionuclides are enriched in bottom ash and fly ash during coal combustion. The activity concentrations of these radionuclides at the southeast and northwest soil samples are generally higher than those of the southwest and northeast. 226Ra is mainly enriched at the distance of 200 m, while 232Th is primarily higher in the power plant. Based on the radiological risk assessment, the environmental effect of natural radionuclides caused by coal‐fired power plant is considered to be negligible because the radium equivalent activity and external hazard index values of the measured samples are below the acceptance limitations of 370 Bq kg−1 and 1. The bottom ash and fly ash could be used as construction materials under high management and regularization. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1080–1084, 2015
INFANT TRANSPORT AMONG THE ALYAWARA TRIBE, CENTRAL AUSTRALIA
Authors: Denham Woodrow W.
Published: February 2015

THE carrying of infants is one of the most obvious features of maternal behaviour among a great many mammalian species, including man, and being carried is vital to the survival of the young of all of those species. This article contains a brief introductory statement on the study of infant transport among human and non‐human populations, a detailed and comprehensive description of infant transport among the Alyawara tribe of Central Australia, and a comparison of the Alyawara data with that available for other human and non‐human primate populations. The article should be of interest to anthropologists and sociologists dealing with various aspects of socialization, to psychologists dealing with child development, and to zoologists dealing with maturation, social behaviour, and evolution. It should be of particular interest to those who focus on Australian Aboriginal peoples, human hunter‐gatherers, and primate social behaviour.
REVIEW
Authors: Park Julie
Published: February 2015

The Kumulipo: A Hawaiian Creation Chant. Translated and edited by M. W. Beckwith. Honolulu, University Press of Hawaii. 1972. Pp. xix + 257. Price $US8.50.
REVIEWS
Authors: Maddock Kenneth
Published: February 2015

Mannen in het draagnet: mens‐ en wereldbeeld van de Nalum (Sterrengebergte). By S. Hylkema. 's‐Gravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff, (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal‐, Land‐ en Volkenkunde, No. 67), 1974. Pp. xvi + 479, maps, diagrams, plates. Price DFL100. ISBN. 90.247.1622.5.
Review
Authors: James K. E.
Published: February 2015

Early Tahiti: as the explorers saw it 1767–1797.: By Edwin N. Ferdon. Arizona, the University of Arizona Press. 1981. Pp. xvi + 371.

Tahiti: La Vie de Chaque Jour. By Patrick O'Reilly. Paris, Tahiti Nouvèlles Éditions Latines. 1982. Pp. 371.
Review
Authors: Shaw Bruce
Published: February 2015

Lives: An Anthropological Approach to Biography.: By L. L. Langness and Gelya Frank. California, Chandler & Sharp. 1981. Pp. vii + 221.
Review
Authors: Bell J. H.
Published: February 2015

L' Exercice de la Parenté: By Françoise Héritier. Paris, Gallimard Le Seuil. 1981. Pp. 206.
Review
Authors: Gardner Don
Published: February 2015

Kwaio Religion.: By Roger M. Keesing. New York, Columbia University Press, 1982. Pp. xi + 257. Price $36.50 U.S. — cloth. $18.50 U.S. — paper.
Review
Authors: Brown Bernard
Published: February 2015

Law and State in Papua New Guinea. By Peter Fitzpatrick. Academic Press, London, 1980. Pp. 290. Price: $29.00.
Review
Authors: Tomasetti Friedegard
Published: February 2015

Kinder schildern ihren Alltag: Die Stellung des Kindes im Ökonomischen System einer Dorfgemeinschaft in Papua New Guina (Palimbei, Iatmul, Mittelsepik). By F. Weiss. Basler Beiträge zur Ethnologie, Vol. 21. Basel, Ethnologishes Seminar der Universität und Museum für Völkerkunde. 1981. Pp. 399 + 61 black and white plates.
Review
Authors: Newell William H.
Published: February 2015

The fieldworker and the field, problems and challenges in sociological investigation.: Edited by M. N. Srinivas, A. M. Shah and E. A. Ramaswamy. Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1979. Pp. 288. Price: Rs 70.
Review
Authors: Geddes Bill
Published: February 2015

The Modernization of Easter Island By J. Douglas Porteous.: Western Geographical Series, Volume 19, British Columbia, University of Victoria, 1981. Pp. xlii and 304.
Review
Authors: Reid Jan
Published: February 2015

Traditional Medicine in Bougainville. Edited by J. Connell. Bougainville Special Publications No. 5. Christchurch 1980. Price $NZ25.00.
Review
Authors: Macintyre Martha
Published: February 2015

Karo: The Life and Fate of a Papuan. By Amirah Inglis. Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies in association with A.N.U. Press, 1983. Pp. xvii + 143. Price: $10.95.
Review
Authors: Cowlishaw Gill
Published: February 2015

Yugul: An Arnhem Land Cattle Station. By Stephen Thiele. The Australian National University North Australia Research Unit Monograph. Darwin, 1982. Pp. xi + 73.

Adelaide Aborigines: A Case Study of Urban Life. 1966–1981. By Fay Gale and Joy Wundersitz. A.N.U. Press, Canberra, 1982. Pp. xxvii + 191. Price $A12.00.
Review
Authors: Donaldson Tamsin
Published: February 2015

A Grammar of Yuwaalaraay. By Corinne J. Williams. Canberra, Pacific Linguistics. 1980. Pp. viii + 200. Price: $A13.00.
REVIEW
Authors: Wagner Roy
Published: February 2015

The Garia: an Ethnography of a traditional Cosmic System in Papua New Guinea. By Peter Lawrence Carlton: Melbourne University Press. 1984. Pp. xxiii + 276 Price: $A27.50
REVIEW
Authors: Dwyer Peter D.
Published: February 2015

Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. (A New, Enlarged Edition.) By Roy A. Rappaport New Haven:Yale University Press. 1984. Pp. xviii +501. Price: $US30.00 (Cloth) $US9.95 (Paper).
REVIEW
Authors: Macintyre Martha
Published: February 2015

The Life of Some Island People of New Guinea. A Missionary's Observations of the Volcanic Islands of Manam, Boesa, Biem, and Ubrub. By Karl Böhm, with an Introduction by Nancy Lutkehaus. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag. Collectanea Instituti Anthropos, Vol. 29. 1983. Pp. 415.
REVIEW
Authors: Barr John
Published: February 2015

Religious Movements in Melanesia Today (1). Edited by Wendy Flannery and Glen W. Bays. Goroka: The Melanesian Institute for Pastoral and Socio‐Economic Service 1983. Pp. xv + 204.
REVIEW
Authors: Tryon D.T.
Published: February 2015

La Langue de Tuoho (Phonologie et Grammaire du Cemuhi [Nouvelle‐Caledonie]) By Jean Claude Rivièrre. Paris: SELAF, 1980. Pp. 363.
REVIEW
Authors: Morphy Howard
Published: February 2015

Sorcerers and Healing Spirits. By Janice Reid. Canberra: Australian National University Press. 1983. Pp. xxv + black and white illustration. Price: $15.95 (soft cover only).
REVIEW
Authors: Merlan Francesca
Published: February 2015

Born a Half‐Caste. By Marnie Kennedy. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. 1985. Price: $A8.95.
REVIEW
Authors: Krinks Peter
Published: February 2015

Orokaiva Production and Change. By Janice Newton. Canberra: Australian National University Development Studies Centre, Pacific Research Monograph No. 11. 1985. Pp. xv+ 251. Price: $A12.
REVIEW
Authors: Thomas Nicholas
Published: February 2015

Constitutionalism in Micronesia. By Norman Meller with the assistance of Terza Meller. Laie, Hawaii: Institute for Polynesian Studies, 1985. Pp x +396. Price: US$24.
REVIEW
Authors: Newton Janice
Published: February 2015

Cashcropping, Catholicism and Change: Resettlement among the Kuni of Papua. By Olga Gostin. Canberra: National Centre for Development Studies, ANU, Pacific Research Monograph 14.1986. Pp. xvii+170. Price: A$12 paperback.
REVIEW
Authors: Young Ken
Published: February 2015

Stepchildren of Progress: The Political Economy of Development in an Indonesian Mining Town. Kathryn M. Robinson. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1986. Pp. xvi+315.
CULTURE AS TRANSFORMED DISORDER: COSMOLOGICAL EVOCATIONS AMONG THE MARING
Authors: Healey Christopher J.
Published: February 2015

Melanesian cosmologies typically lack clearly articulated formulation and an explicit exergetical tradition. Symbolic relations often remain implicit, with indeterminate, rather than fixed or static relations between categories. Through the use of ethnographic data on the Maring of the Papua New Guinea Highlands the paper argues that ‘cosmology’ should be analysed in terms of essentially subjective and contextually variable evocations, rather than in terms of definitive propositions. Further, it is argued that cosmologies are not revealed exclusively in the religious or ritual domain. Accordingly, data employed in the analysis are drawn from the interconnected Maring realms of knowledge of mythology, zoological lore and taxonomy, and conceptions of the spirit world.

Highly general and multivocal concepts dealing with nature and culture provide pervasive themes in Maring and other Melanesian cosmologies. Analysis centres on the interplay between these concepts, arguing against any fixed and hierarchical relationship. Rather, the paper advocates an analytic approach which conceives a set of relationships between nature and culture being generative of others, such that the relationship between elements of a cosmology may be viewed contextually as being in harmony or antiphony, transcending structuralist idioms of correspondence and opposition.
GENDER AND SOCIAL CHANGE: NEW FORMS OF INDEPENDENCE FOR SIMBU WOMEN
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: February 2015

Simbu women were prepared in their youth for a life of sexual segregation, domestic independence and hard work for their husband's agnates in gardens and raising pigs. During the Australian colonial period in highlands Papua New Guinea more men than women had opportunity for education, occupations and travel. Men's elite society retains its competitive style as it becomes stratified; political and economic success depend upon rural support. Today, as a few women become economically independent they move out of rural women's roles. Thus there is a continuity of rural‐urban ties for men in political affairs and economic achievement, while ties of urban women to their families and rural communities are personal, not based upon political and economic relations.
CONSTRUCTION SACRIFICE AND KIDNAPPING RUMOR PANICS IN BORNEO
Authors: Drake Richard Allen
Published: February 2015

This paper analyzes the rumor panics about kidnapping that have been reported by Western observers in Borneo for more than ninety years. This analysis, based on the study of rumor in social psychology, identifies this rumor panic phenomenon as a ‘diving rumor’ and relates it to the study of folklore. A diving rumor is one that repeatedly erupts and disappears over a long period of time. It is accounted for by the rumor sharing its dominant motif with a well‐known legend. The analysis of this Bornean kidnapping rumor panic yields a state government construction sacrifice motif. It is argued that the construction sacrifice is a widespread folklore motif and, as folklore, is related to the construction of an ideology of tribal‐state relations. In the context of the sociopolitical stress and cultural conflict marking these relations the rumor panics can be viewed as a sort of ideological warfare. The plausibility of this analysis is supported by an interpretation of the semantics of the rumor. The substantive contents of the rumor are shown to be not only conducive to the construction of an ideology of tribal‐state relations, but also, to be expressive of the principles and practices of traditional intertribal relations which were embodied in headhunting.
THE FLIGHT FROM THE FEN: THE PREHISTORIC MIGRATIONS OF THE BOIKEN OF THE EAST SEPIK PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Roscoe Paul B.
Published: February 2015

This paper has two goals. Its specific aim is to establish the prehistoric migrations of the Boiken people of the East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, using a large corpus of Boiken settlement histories supplemented by linguistic, genetic, and ecological data. In the course of the analysis, a method of applying cluster techniques to detect underlying directional patterns in settlement histories is demonstrated. The migration history thus revealed fits well with the picture of Middle Sepik prehistory emerging from recent geoarchaeological research. At a more general level, the paper seeks to verify that the spatial aspects of Boiken settlement traditions are indeed historically accurate. This finding is of intrinsic importance for anyone attempting to understand the construction of ethno‐historical knowledge, and particularly for regional analysts and historical ethnographers, who are often faced with reconstructing the diachronic dimensions of ethnography in regions of New Guinea where archaeological research is little developed. In the case of the Boiken, the migrations that emerge from ethnohistory help resolve the puzzle of why the symbolic culture of the Ndu‐speaking Yangoru Boiken exhibits much closer affinities to that of the Torricelli‐speaking Mountain Arapesh than that of any Ndu‐speaking group, including some of the Boiken dialect groups to the southeast.
HIERARCHY AND ‘HEROIC SOCIETY‘: MANAM VARIATIONS IN SEPIK SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Lutkehaus Nancy Christine
Published: February 2015

Anthropologists have come to recognize that in addition to the prevalence of egalitarian relations, many New Guinea societies also exhibit elements of hierarchy as well. This article discusses the nature of hierarchy in some Sepik societies through the comparative analysis of the social structure of four Sepik area societies on the northeast coast of Papua New Guinea. Using Sahlins' definition of ‘heroic societies’ based upon a principle of ‘hierarchical solidarity’, the article argues that the form of hierarchy found in Manam Island society is different in type from that of the neighboring societies of Boroi, Murik and Wogeo. An additional diagnostic feature of heroic societies is what Sahlins refers to as ‘heroic history. In Manam the cultural form this takes is a ‘heroic’ variation of the myth of two brothers common throughout the area.
REVIEWS
Authors: Tomasetti Friedegard
Published: February 2015

Kokospalmenmenschen: Boden und Alltag und ihre Bedeutung im Selbstverständnis der Abelam von Kimbangwa (East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea). By B. Huber‐Greub. Basel: Basler Beiträge zur Ethnologie vol 27. 1988. Pp. xvi + 356 + plates/maps.
REVIEWS
Authors: Shaw Bruce
Published: February 2015

Oral History: A Handbook. By Louise Douglas, Alan Roberts and Ruth Thompson. Sydney: Allen and Unwin. 1988. Pp. xii + 217.
REVIEWS
Authors: Mimica Jadran
Published: February 2015

The Attraction of Opposites: Thought and Society in the Dualistic Mode. By David Maybury‐Lewis and Uri Almagor (eds). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1989.
PEARLSHELL SYMBOLISM IN HIGHLANDS PAPUA NEW GUINEA, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE WIRU PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE
Authors: Clark Jeffrey
Published: February 2015

Pearlshells, in their use in exchange in the Papua New Guinea Highlands, have usually been analysed as 'power tokens' in a political context dominated by big men. This article attempts to account for the historically recent acceptance and use of pearlshells in terms of symbolic and aesthetic, rather than political and economic, values. The symbolism of two types of pearlshell found among Wiru people is considered, and an overview of available material on pearlshells in the Highlands is presented. A comparative perspective using historical, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, supports the claim that pearlshells were incorporated into ceremonial exchange because of their symbolic and aesthetic connections with the natural world and a cycle of death and regenesis.
REVIEWS
Authors: White Geoffrey
Published: February 2015

The Sacred Remains: Myth, History and Polity in Belau. By Richard J. Parmentier. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1987. Pp. xxiii + 341. Price U.S.$49.95 (cloth); U.S.$15.95 (paper).
REVIEWS
Authors: Edmonds Mary
Published: February 2015

The Noonkanbah Story. By Erich Kolig. Dunedin: University of Otago Press. 1987. Pp. 159.
REVIEWS
Authors: Brenneis Don
Published: February 2015

Premarital Sex Cases Among the Huli: A Comparison between Traditional and Village Court Styles. By L.R. Goldman. Sydney: Oceania Publications (Oceania Monograph No. 34). 1988. Pp. xvii + 164. Price $28.00
REVIEWS
Authors: Alexander Jennifer
Published: February 2015

Central Borneo: Ethnic Identity and Social Life in a Stratified Society. By Jérôme Rousseau. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1990. Pp. xiv +380. Price $130.00.
THE INCEST PASSIONS: AN OUTLINE OF THE LOGIC OF IQWAYE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Mimica Jadran
Published: February 2015

Incest is best elucidated as a plethora of human desires, which are affirmed by their social regulation rather than negated by it This contrasts with the received wisdom of anthropological theory which is focussed on the prohibition of incest rather man on the incest desires which motivate the logic of their social regulation through interdictions. The theoretical fixation on prohibition expresses modern Western bourgeois incesto‐phobic sensibilities and morality. The upshot of this study is that among the Iqwaye, contrary to the classic incesto‐phobic formulations whereby the prohibition of incest is the condition of human sociality, without the positive fulfilment of incest there is no human kinship or social existence. In Part 1 the problematics of incest are delineated in the context of Iqwaye mythopoeic cosmogony. In Part 2 (to appear in the next Oceania issue) I present concrete articulation of incest passions in the main structural configurations of Iqwaye social organization (the naming system, patrifiliation, matrifiliation, affinity, cross‐sex siblingship, institutionalized male homosexuality). Thus, the theoretical view of incest outlined in the first part is ethnographically demonstrated. A special emphasis is placed on the centrality and irreducibility of radical imagination in the constitution of human social reality.
REVIEW
Authors: Merlan Francesca
Published: February 2015

A Picnic with the Natives: Aboriginal‐European Relations in the Northern Territory to 1910 By Gordon Reid. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 1990. Pp. 220.
REVIEW
Authors: Aldrich Robert
Published: February 2015

The Pacific Theater: Island Representations of World War II. By Geoffrey M. White and Lamont Lindstrom (eds). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 1990. Pp. xiv + 433. Price $44.95.
REVIEW
Authors: Read Peter
Published: February 2015

Aborigines of the Albany Region 1821–1898. The Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians. Volume VI. Compiled by Neville Green. Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press. 1989. Pp. xiii + 211.

Aborigines of New Norcia 1845–1914. The Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians. Volume VII. Compiled and edited by Neville Green and Lois Tilbrook. Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press. 1989. Pp. xxx + 216.
REVIEW
Authors: Falgout Suzanne
Published: February 2015

Unnatural Emotions: Everyday Sentiments on a Micronesian Atoll and their Challenge to Western Theory. By Catherine A. Lutz. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1989. Pp. xii+ 273. Price US$35.00 cloth, $13.95 paper.
REVIEW
Authors: Grijp Paul Van Der
Published: February 2015

Te Manu Tukutuku: A Study of the Maori Kite. By Bob Maysmor. Wellington: Allen and Unwin. 1990. Pp. 87.
COAGULATING CATEGORIES: A REPLY TO RESPONSES
Authors: Hollinsworth David
Published: February 2015

… ideologies of race define both white and black peoples, just as gender ideologies define both women and men. Thus, while ‘experience’ is an enabling focus in the classroom, unless it is explicitly understood as historical, contingent, and the result of interpretation, it can coagulate into frozen, binary, psychologistic positions (Mohanty, 1990: 195).
Two ways of explaining reality: the sickness of a small boy of Papua New Guinea from anthropological and biomedical perspectives
Authors: Keck Verena
Published: February 2015

Cultural anthropologists and biomedical physicians do not work together as often as they should. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the advantages of such a concerted effort. After briefly clarifying the author's own point of view and giving an ethnographic description of the Yupno people and their medical system, the focus will be the case of sickness of a small boy, presented from two perspectives, biomedical and medical anthropological. Typical Yupno concepts of illness will not be correlated with biomedical classifications. The two kinds of interpretation of the same sickness will be presented as two independent models of explanation. By this means, an attempt is made to avoid the approach often taken in medical anthropological studies: even though a native medical system is being described, it is at the same time more or less explained in terms of a biomedical system of reference as well as measured and evaluated against it.
REVIEW
Authors: Teo Saw‐Choo
Published: February 2015

The Give and Take of Everyday Life: Language Socialization of Kaluli Children. By Bambi B. Schieffelin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990 (Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language 9). Pp. v + 278. Price $35 (pb).
REVIEW
Authors: Feld Steven
Published: February 2015

Metaphor: A Musical Dimension. Edited by Jamie C. Kassler. Sydney: Currency Press Pty. Ltd. 1991. (Australian Studies in the History, Philosophy and Social Studies of Music, Volume 1: General Editor: Margaret J. Kartomi). Pp. xii +238. Price $25.00 (pb), $45.00 (hb).
REVIEW
Authors: Strathern Andrew
Published: February 2015

Kommunikation bei den Eipo: Eine humanethologische Bestandsaufnahme. By Irenäeus Eibl‐Eibesfeldt, Wulf Schiefenhövel and Volker Heeschen. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag (No. 19 in series Mensch, Kultur und Umwelt). 1989. Pp. 216.
‘Circulating commodities’: reflections on the movement and meaning of shells and stories in North Australia and Eastern Indonesia1
Authors: Pannell Sandra
Published: February 2015

As Victor Turner (1974) so eloquently argues, symbols have the capacity to move people, in both emotional and physical terms. In this article, I explore the power of certain kinds of symbols, namely shells (trochus shell, Tectus niloticus) and stories, to do just this. Stories, I argue, construct pathways for the movement of people and objects. Shells too also evoke (e)motion through their ability to signify specific spheres of exchange and the relationships, identities and values which circulate within these domains. Importantly, stories and shells not only suggest movement but are themselves entities which are moved between differently valued social and political contexts. As things which are defined in terms of their high exchangeability quotient, shells and stories, at certain times in their biographies, correspond to Appadurai's (1986) notion of a commodity. Through an exploration of the commodity status and circulation of both shells and stories within the broad ethnographic context of Maluku Tenggara, Indonesia, I aim to challenge some of the commonly held beliefs and stories which are transmitted via the Australian media and along other lines of communication about the so‐called ‘problem’ of illegal Indonesian fishermen in north Australian waters.
REVIEW
Authors: StüRzenhofecker Gabriele
Published: February 2015

Auf der Suche nach der menschlichen Gesellschaft: Richard Thurnwald By Marion Melk‐Koch. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag. 1989. Pp. 352.
REVIEW
Authors: Meer Arianne Van Der
Published: February 2015

The Wheel of Fortune: The History of a Poor Community in Jakarta. By Lea Jellinek. Sydney: Allen and Unwin ASAA Southeast Asia Publication Series, 1991. Pp. xxviii + 214. Price $A24.95.
REVIEW
Authors: Strathern Andrew
Published: February 2015

The Culture of Coincidence. Accident and Absolute Liability in Huli. By Laurence Goldman. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1993. Pp. xvi + 443.
REVIEW
Authors: Pannell Sandra
Published: February 2015

Society and Exchange in Nias. By Andrew Beatty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1992. Pp. xii + 322. Price $A95.00
REVIEW
Authors: Yengoyan Aram A.
Published: February 2015

Living in a New Country: History, travelling and language. By Paul Carter. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1992. Pp. x + 214. Price US$22.95
Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition — Criminal Group Surrender in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dinnen Sinclair
Published: February 2015

While PNG's raskol gangs attract increasing scholarly interest, much of this has been directed at entry to raskolism. This article specifically addresses exit from raskolism via the mass surrender. The rise and fall of raskolism are linked through the perennial quest for resources and prestige underlying both strategies. The mass surrender provides a spectacular illustration of how crime generates new opportunity structures beyond crime itself. It also illustrates the continuing importance of brokering parties in negotiations between local groups and national authorities.
Signifying Bereavement: Form and Context in the Analysis of Penan Death‐Names
Authors: Brosius J. Peter
Published: February 2015

A characteristic of the mortuary complexes of most central Bornean societies is the existence of systems of so‐called ‘death‐names’. Most death‐names are actually titles, given to persons on the death of a close relative. The most elaborate complex in Borneo exists among Western Penan hunter‐gatherers. This paper examines the Western Penan death‐name complex, with a view to addressing a basic issue of ethnographic description: how our definition of a phenomenon affects its translation. Previous treatments of death‐names have been based on assumptions about the systemic coherence of these complexes. This results in a detached, formalistic description that obscures the essential properties of the phenomenon: the affective force expressed in usage, the temporality inscribed in the process of appellation, and the social calculus that underlies decisions about the use of particular death‐names. A more appropriate entry point is one that begins with the context of death and bereavement, and frames decisions about usage with reference to the principles which Penan themselves invoke: the pull between affective position on the one hand, and curse avoidance on the other. Such an approach reveals more about the constitution of social being in Penan society than one based on a priori assumptions of systemic coherence.
REVIEW
Authors: Neumann Klaus
Published: February 2015

Confronting the Margaret Mead Legacy: Scholarship, Empire and the South Pacific. Edited by L. Foerstel and A. Gilliam. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992. Pp xxxv +298. Price $US34.95.
REVIEW
Authors: Rowse Tim
Published: February 2015

CAEPR Discussion Papers. Canberra: CAEPR The economic impact of mining moneys: the Nabarlek case, Western Arnhem Land. 1994 (63). By J.C. Altman and D.E. Smith.

Implementing native title: economic lessons from the Northern Territory. 1994 (64). By J.C. Altman.

Assessing the relative allocative efficiency of the Native Title Act 1993 and the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976. 1995 (79). By S.L. McKenna.

Mineral development agreements negotiated by Aboriginal communities in the 1990s. 1995 (85). By C. O'Faircheallaigh.

Negotiations between mining companies and Aboriginal Communities: process and structure. 1995 (86). By C. O'Faircheallaigh.

Native Title Act 1993: implementation issues for resource developers. 1995 (88). By J.C. Altman.
REVIEW
Authors: Tomasetti Friedegard
Published: February 2015

Das Ideal des leicht gebeugten Menschen: Eine ethno‐kognitive Analyse der Yupno in Papua New Guinea. By J. Wassmann. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1993. Pp. XIII + 246.
REVIEW
Authors: Trompf Garry
Published: February 2015

Historical Dictionary of Papua New Guinea By Ann Turner. Oceanian Historical Dictionaries No. 4., Metuchen, N.Y. and London, The Scarecrow Press Inc. 1993. Pp. xxvii + 335 Five maps.
Regional History and Ethnic Identity in the Hub of New Guinea: the Emergence of the Min1
Authors: Jorgensen Dan
Published: February 2015

Recent approaches to the ethnography of Papua New Guinea stress the historicity of local cultures and their encompassment in larger fields of relations. In this paper I consider the historical and cultural background to the emergence of the ‘Min’ as a novel ethnic designation among the Mountain Ok peoples of the Fly‐Sepik headwaters. While Min identity draws much of its impetus from responses to mining operations and resistance to provincial governments, it is also clear that it grows out of a complex interaction between pre‐existing cultural identities, a history of colonial administration and Christian evangelism. Emerging at the intersection of local and global processes, Min identity constitutes a regionalization of ethnicity which has led to agitation for the creation of a Min province, producing a movement that may outlive its immediate political aims.
REVIEW
Authors: LĀTŪKefu Ruth
Published: February 2015

Islanders of the South: Production, Kinship and Ideology in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga. By Paul van der Grijp. Translated by Peter Mason. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1993. Pp. ix +264. US$29.
REVIEW
Authors: Lattas Andrew
Published: February 2015

Cargo Cult—Strange Stories of Desire from Melanesia and Beyond. By Lamont Lindstrom. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1993. Pp. xiv + 246.
REVIEW
Authors: Nihill Michael
Published: February 2015

Hard Times on Kairiru Island: Poverty, Development, and Morality in a Papua New Guinea Village. By Michael French Smith. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1994. Pp. viii + 278. Price: $39 cloth, $14.95 paper
Review
Authors: Glass Patrick
Published: February 2015

A Short History of Papua New Guinea. By John Dademo Waiko. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1993, Pp. xi+275
Review
Authors: Telban Borut
Published: February 2015

Landmarks: Reflections on Anthropology. By A. Strathern. Kent: The Ként State University Press, 1993. Pp. viii+194.
Review
Authors: Marcus Julie
Published: February 2015

Bush Toys, Aboriginal Children at Play. By Claudia Haagen. Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra & National Museum of Australia, 1994, Pp. 162. Price: $39.95.
Review
Authors: Marcus Julie
Published: February 2015

Tourism—and the Protection of Aboriginal Cultural Sites. By Jane M. Jacobs and Faye Gayle. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994. Pp. 146. ISSN 0814–8171.
Review
Authors: Bolton Lissant
Published: February 2015

The tree and the canoe: history and ethnogeography of Tanna By Joël Bonnemaison. Translated and adapted by Josée Pénot‐Demetry. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994. Pp. xxiv +368. price: US$36.
Review
Authors: Colley Sarah
Published: February 2015

What the Bones Say: Tasmanian Aborigines, Science and Domination. By John J. Cove. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1995. Pp. xi +221. Price: US$21.95.
Review
Authors: Lilley Rozanna
Published: February 2015

Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia. Edited by A. Ong, and M. Peletz. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1995. Pp. x + 309. Price $US 16.00
Review
Authors: Healey Chris
Published: February 2015

The navel of the perahu: meaning and values in the maritime trading economy of a Butonese village. By Michael Southon. Canberra: Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1995. Pp. xiv + 150. Price: A$5.00.
Review
Authors: Hough Brett
Published: February 2015

Images of Power: Balinese Paintings Made for Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead. By Hildred Geertz. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Pp. ix + 135, Appendix, Notes, Glossary, Index. Price: US$50.00, cloth, US$29.95, paper.
Review
Authors: McElhanon Kenneth A.
Published: February 2015

Batad Ifugao Dictionary with Ethnographic Notes Special Monograph Issue, Number 33. Compiled by Leonard E. Newell with Francis Bon'og Poligon, Ifugao Language Consultant. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines, 1993. Pp. xviii + 744. Price: Philippine pesos 910, $US 35.00.
Review
Authors: Jack‐Hinton Colin
Published: February 2015

Seafaring in the Pacific Islands. Edited by R. Feinberg. de Kalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995. Pp 237. Price: US$35
Review
Authors: Petersen Glenn
Published: February 2015

Strangers in Their Own Land: A Century of Colonial Rule in the Caroline and Marshall Islands. By Francis X. Hezel, SJ Pacific Islands Monograph Series 13, University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Pp. xviii + 473. Price: US$38

Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam. By Robert F. Rogers. University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Pp. xi + 380. Price: US$24.95
Review
Authors: Morton John
Published: February 2015

Arguments about Aborigines: Australia and the Evolution of Social Anthropology. By L.R. Hiatt. Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 225. Price: A$29.95 (paper), A$95.00 (cloth).
Review
Authors: Morton Helen
Published: February 2015

Pacific 2010 Urbanisation in Polynesia. By John Connell and John P. Lea. Pacific Policy Paper 14. Canberra: National Centre for Development Studies, 1995. Pp. viii + 161. Price $A25.00
Women, Pigs, God and Evolution: Social and Economic Change Among Kubo People of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Minnegal Monica , Dwyer Peter D.
Published: February 2015

This paper depicts connections and interactions between several apparently disparate themes of change observed in recent years at a village in the interior lowlands of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Changes in patterns of association between men and women can be traced, in the first instance, to altered management practices necessitated by intensified pig production. That intensification, in turn, reflects the growing importance of money in the local economy, a shift which, through its predication on recognising the commensurability of differences, has ramifications far beyond the economics of pig production. An earlier emphasis on equivalence in exchanges has been replaced by a recognition of substitutability, with a consequent reification of categories at the expense of individuality. This trend has been reinforced by the influence of a new Christian cult that, in emphasising the distinction between men and women, has reified gender categories as a basis for structuring social action. The declining association between men and women which emerged as an adaptive response to changing economic realities has thus become incorporated as a structural transformation in Kubo social life.
Review
Authors: Yengoyan Aram A.
Published: February 2015

The Religions of Oceania. By Tony Swain and Garry Trompf. London: Routledge Press, 1995. Pp. viii+244. £ Stg. 13.99.