bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techniques and optimization algorithms in machine learning: A review
Authors: Rane Nitin Liladhar , Mallick Suraj Kumar , Kaya Ömer , Rane Jayesh
Published: October 2024

Machine learning (ML) has transformed different sectors by allowing for data-based decision-making and forecasting analysis. This study explores the most recent techniques and algorithms that are influencing the direction of machine learning. The research investigates different supervised learning techniques, such as advanced versions of decision trees, support vector machines, and ensemble methods like XGBoost and random forests. Unsupervised learning involves the study of clustering algorithms like k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), which are used for anomaly detection and customer segmentation. An overview of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image recognition and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their advanced form, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, for time-series analysis and natural language processing address deep learning, a subset of ML. The study highlights the progress of generative adversarial networks (GANs) and transformer models, showcasing notable improvements in generative tasks and language models, respectively. Moreover, the research delves into reinforcement learning, with an emphasis on recent advancements in deep reinforcement learning and how it is utilized in autonomous systems and playing games. Also covered are new developments like federated learning, which tackles data privacy issues by allowing ML models to be trained on decentralized devices, and quantum machine learning, which uses quantum computing to improve algorithm performance. This thorough review is designed to give a complete understanding of modern ML techniques and algorithms, providing insights into their practical use and potential for future innovation in different industries.
Edukasi Mengenai Dampak Buruk Polusi Partikulat Matter (PM) 2,5 Terhadap Gangguan Kognitif pada Siswa Sekolah SMK Kesehatan Bhakti Insani
Authors: Yuwanda Alhara , Budiatama Anugerah , Yusuf Eddy
Published: October 2024

Partikulat Matter (PM) dengan diameter kurang dari 2,5 mikrometer, yang dikenal sebagai PM 2,5, merupakan salah satu bentuk pencemar udara yang memiliki urgensi besar dalam konteks kesehatan dan lingkungan. PM 2,5 menjadi ancaman utama terhadap kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Tingginya tingkat pencemaran udara di berbagai wilayah, terutama di perkotaan yang padat penduduk, meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan pernapasan, penyakit paru-paru, penyakit jantung, dan bahkan kematian dini. Kelompok rentan seperti anak-anak, lansia, dan individu dengan kondisi kesehatan yang sudah ada lebih rentan terhadap dampak negatif dari PM 2,5. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi tahap pra kegiatan melibatkan review literatur dan kerjasama dengan pihak sekolah untuk merancang materi edukasi yang relevan. Program melibatkan kegiatan seminar edukasi dan konsultasi interaktif di kelas-kelas, didukung oleh distribusi materi edukasi seperti brosur dan bacaan informatif. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui penggunaan kuisioner sebelum dan setelah program, menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman siswa secara statistik signifikan. Hasil ini menggambarkan keberhasilan program dalam mencapai tujuannya, menciptakan dampak positif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang bahaya PM 2,5. Program ini tidak hanya memberikan informasi, tetapi juga merangsang kesadaran lingkungan yang lebih tinggi di kalangan siswa, membentuk dasar untuk perubahan perilaku positif terkait isu lingkungan. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa program pengabdian masyarakat ini memiliki potensi untuk menciptakan efek jangka panjang dalam membentuk generasi yang lebih peduli terhadap masalah-masalah lingkungan di masa depan
Assessment of Challenges Faced by Principals in the Implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum in Public Primary Schools in Kenya: A Case of Kiambu County
Authors: Waruingi Alice W. , Mbogo Prof. Rosemary , Mambo Dr. Alice
Published: October 2024

Primary education is the foundation of further education. It is the core mandate of the government to provide quality free education to learners in public primary schools in Kenya. The envisaged goal of education is quality, equity, and access, in line with the vision 2030 policy document. Headteachers play a crucial role in ensuring quality education is achieved, especially at the foundation level in public primary schools. This study assessed the challenges faced by principals in the implementation of the competency-based curriculum in Kenyan public primary schools: a study of Kiambu county. The study adopted the inductive thematic content design. Purposive sampling was used to pick 15 principals and 15 deputies. The bulk of challenges that head teachers faced in implementing the curriculum changes were related to staff development, training, and availability of financial resources. It was established that there was a shortage of staff and the few who were left were strained in teaching the many learners. The quality of training for teachers was not to the required standards in line with CBC policy guidelines. Insufficient funds received from the government to support CBC hampered the implementation because it is costly and requires more financial investment to actualize. The study recommended that all different stakeholders, namely parents, government, and head teachers, should collaborate to devise a strategy for sourcing these resources to address school resource needs. The school administration could perhaps orchestrate financial support drives to gather support from all interested parties to come together and help raise money to facilitate the construction of laboratories and libraries in the school, as well as collect more funds to purchase and equip the libraries with not only adequate educational resources but also current ones.
L'expérience de pères d'un enfant présentant une condition médicale complexe : une réalité méconnue
Authors: Chénard Josée , Olivier-d’Avignon Marianne , Devault Annie
Published: October 2024

Bien qu’aucun traitement n’assure la guérison d’enfants ayant une condition médicale complexe (CMC), les progrès médicaux et technologiques réalisés au cours des dernières décennies permettent de mieux traiter leurs symptômes de sorte qu’ils vivent plus longtemps. Des études témoignent de la pluralité des effets de la CMC sur les familles. Or, la majorité d’entre elles documentent essentiellement le point de vue de mères. Pourtant, des recherches révèlent des différences dans la façon qu’ont les mères et les pères de réagir à certaines situations. Il est donc paru pertinent et nécessaire de documenter l’expérience subjective de pères d’un enfant ayant une CMC en réalisant une recherche qualitative exploratoire auprès d’un échantillon de pères interrogés sur la situation de leur enfant et sur leur expérience avec celui-ci. Seront présentés dans l’article qui suit quelques résultats issus de cette recherche qui témoignent, entre autres, de la vulnérabilité des participants et d’enjeux auxquels ils sont exposés.
La vision des mères concernant l'autonomie de leur enfant ayant une maladie neuromusculaire lors de la transition des soins pédiatriques vers les soins de santé aux adultes
Authors: St-Pierre-Clément Anne-Sophie
Published: October 2024

La transition des soins de santé pédiatriques vers les soins de santé aux adultes représente un moment crucial pour les jeunes vivant avec une maladie neuromusculaire et leur famille. Cette étape coïncide avec plusieurs autres transitions qu’ils expérimenteront (sur le plan social, légal, professionnel), conçues pour prendre en considération l’augmentation progressive de leur indépendance et de leur autonomie. La théorie du cycle de vie des familles approfondit ces changements à mesure que les jeunes approchent l'âge adulte. En outre, les services de santé et de services sociaux sont souvent aménagés en fonction de cette progression linéaire. Dans la société actuelle, l'autonomie est une valeur centrale, particulièrement à l'approche de l'âge adulte. Cependant, c'est un paradoxe majeur pour ces jeunes atteints d’une maladie dégénérative : ils doivent développer leur autonomie, tout en ayant un besoin accru d'assistance physique, souvent offerte par leurs parents. Le présent article repose sur la recherche menée par l'auteure en vue de l’obtention d’une maîtrise. L'objectif de son étude était d'explorer la perspective des mères sur l'autonomie de leur enfant vivant avec une maladie neuromusculaire dans le contexte de la transition des soins pédiatriques vers ceux aux adultes. Sept mères ont participé à des entretiens semi-dirigés au cours de cette recherche qualitative. Les résultats révèlent que les mères vivent avec une réalité complexe. Elles portent les contraintes associées à l’injonction à l’autonomie présente dans les systèmes de soins de santé, qui s’apparente au modèle biomédical de l’autonomie. Cependant, l'analyse de leurs propos met en lumière une perspective orientée vers un modèle social, privilégiant l'interdépendance et, dans le contexte décisionnel, une vision relationnelle de l'autonomie. Souvent, les perceptions des mères ne correspondent pas à la théorie du cycle de vie des familles prédominante dans les milieux institutionnels. Elles soulignent la nécessité de soutenir l'autonomie de leur enfant mais, au moment de la transition, la question de l'autonomie n’en constitue pas l'enjeu central.
Les schémas cognitifs de jeunes filles impliquées dans l'exploitation sexuelle
Authors: Bélanger Roxane
Published: October 2024

L’exploitation sexuelle (ES) est un phénomène criminologique mondial complexe dont les enjeux sociaux et les conséquences pour les victimes sont importants. La présente étude propose de présenter les schémas cognitifs de personnes mineures impliquées dans l’exploitation sexuelle à titre de victimes selon la perception des intervenants et des intervenantes de la protection de la jeunesse. L’échantillon est constitué de 19 jeunes filles qui ont reçu des services de la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse de la région de Québec concernant un signalement impliquant une situation d’exploitation sexuelle. Les résultats montrent que les jeunes impliquées comme victimes dans l’ES présentent de nombreux facteurs de vulnérabilité. En effet, toutes ont bénéficié des services de la protection de la jeunesse antérieurement à leur première situation d’exploitation sexuelle. C’est dans ce contexte que la majorité des jeunes considère l’implication dans l’ES comme un choix rationnel et délibéré d’échanger des services sexuels contre rétribution ou de demeurer dans une relation avec des individus qui en abusent. Les analyses qualitatives ont permis d’identifier cinq schémas cognitifs distinctifs du parcours des jeunes, soit les schémas aversif, relationnel, matériel, mixte et entrepreneurial. Les jeunes considérées comme des victimes qui s’impliquent également dans le recrutement d’autres jeunes à des fins d’exploitation sexuelle font également l’objet d’une attention particulière. La présente étude contribue à l’avancement des connaissances en termes de compréhension des perceptions de leur situation de jeunes filles impliquées dans l’exploitation sexuelle et propose des pistes d’intervention prometteuses selon les schémas cognitifs des jeunes.
Les barrières de la demande d'aide chez les hommes qui font du « fly-in-fly-out » en contexte minier
Authors: Labra Oscar , Brouillette Christel , Gingras-Lacroix Gabriel , Roch Martine , Cousineau Tommy
Published: October 2024

À ce jour, peu de chercheurs.euses se sont attardé.e.s sur l’étude de la demande d’aide des hommes qui font du fly-in-fly-out (FIFO) en contexte minier. Pourtant, les recherches montrent que le fait d’avoir un horaire atypique et de travailler pendant de longues heures, avec la possibilité occasionnelle d’heures supplémentaires, augmente le risque de développer des problèmes de santé mentale. Cette recherche vise à décrire les barrières associées à la masculinité vis-à-vis de la demande d’aide et à la culture organisationnelle chez les hommes qui font du FIFO. Une étude qualitative auprès de 22 hommes a été réalisée. Parmi les thèmes ayant été relevés dans les analyses qualitatives, nous constatons que les hommes qui font du FIFO font face à plusieurs barrières masculines en contexte de demande d’aide. On observe par exemple de l’anxiété face à l’inconnu, de la gêne ou de la réticence à consulter un service psychosocial, une méconnaissance des services en santé mentale, de l’orgueil vis-à-vis de la demande d’aide psychosociale, une peur du jugement, un tabou entourant la santé mentale, ainsi qu’une certaine culture du silence. La forte présence d’une socialisation masculine dans le milieu minier des hommes qui font du FIFO et la culture organisationnelle sont des freins à la demande d’aide des hommes en santé mentale.
Hydrodynamic Performance of Half Pipe Breakwaters Experimentally and Numerically
Authors: Badr Hussein Karim , Ibrahim Mohamed , Awaad Ahmed Sh. , Abd El Ghany Samah H.
Published: October 2024

The main objective of constructing barriers is to safeguard harbours and shores from waves and sea currents. This paper aims at presenting a study on innovative and non-traditional alternatives to breakwaters, experimentally and numerically, to assess the hydrodynamic efficiency of the suggested models in order to choose the most appropriate one. Two models of semi-submersible-type breakwaters have been studied, in the form of a cross-section of a half pipe with an internal diameter and thickness of 30.00 and 1.00 cm, respectively. Model (a) is a circular half-pipe with an upward concave, whereas model (b) has a sideways concave towards the water. Several scenarios for the breakwaters suggested in this study have been   simulated using FLOW 3D. The results indicate that the transmission coefficient (Tc), provided by model (b), is  3-7% lower than model (a), while the reflection coefficient (Rc) values for model (b) are 4-8% higher than model (a). The results show that model (b) has a 10% lower (Tc) at d/h = 0.80 compared to d/h = 0.60, while (Rc) is 8% higher at d/h = 0.80 than at d/h = 0.60 for the same model. The suggested breakwater reduces inclined waves' energy more quickly than perpendicular waves. Regarding the hydrodynamic performance, the proposed breakwater in model (b) is shown to be more efficient and effective than the breakwater in model (a), so it is recommended to use it due to its effectiveness in providing protection for coastal wave zones and benefiting from the energy of waves to generate electricity.
Analysis of Possibility of New Generation Satellite Communications for Navigation
Authors: Štambuk Igor , Malarić Krešimir
Published: October 2024

Satellite communication has become an indispensable technology for modern society, providing global connectivity and enabling a wide range of applications such as navigation, weather forecasting, and data transmission. However, the efficiency and security of satellite communication channels are still challenging issues that require continuous improvement. This article presents recent advances and the state of art in satellite communication technology. Specifically, we discuss the RF power flux density, received power and received signal power. Using the RF PROP application, we compared the link characteristics of the leading satellite service providers depending on whether they broadcast from geostationary, medium, or low Earth orbit.
Long-Term Trends in Significant Wave Heights in The Mediterranean as an Indicator of Climate Change
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed S.A. , El-Molla Anas M. , Ahmed Hany G.I.
Published: October 2024

The Mediterranean coastal zones, particularly along the Nile Delta, are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This study examines the historical changes in the significant wave height along the Nile Delta coast over the past 84 years (1940-2023) at a depth of 20 meters. By synthesizing a comprehensive long-term wave data series using ERA5 reanalysis data and the MIKE21-SW model, the study establishes a robust foundation for analysis. To ensure accuracy, the observed wind data were contrasted against ERA5 data, and they were found to be similar to a great extent. Furthermore, the model's accuracy was rigorously validated against the observational data, ensuring the reliability of the results. Three methods were used to obtain the trends for the maximum wave height to ensure robust and reliable trend assessments (i.e., linear regression, Theil-Sen, and ElasticNet). The results were obtained and analyzed, revealing a statistically significant increase in the maximum wave heights during the study period. Particularly, seasonal analysis revealed a positive trend in maximum wave heights during winter and spring (0.15 to 0.67 cm/year respectively). Furthermore, the monthly analysis showed a positive trend in the wave heights for all months except July, August, and September. Specifically, there were notable increases from September to December, ranging from 0.24 to 0.92 cm/year. These findings are consistent with the global trends of increasing wave heights due to climate change. It is essential for developing adaptive coastal management strategies and designing resilient structures. Consequently, the results will assist coastal authorities in mitigating the impacts of climate change on coastal zones.
The intensity of regional food trade among the Western Balkan countries during periods of crisis
Authors: Jalić Nemanja , Zdrahal Ivo , Ostojić Aleksandar , Vaško Željko
Published: October 2024

This study explores the intensity of food trade among the Western Balkan (WB) countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) during periods of crisis, emphasizing the impact of COVID-19 and the Ukrainian-Russian conflict on regional trade dynamics. The impact of this crisis was measured over three analyzed years: 2018, representing a reference year for comparison, then 2020 as the year affected by COVID-19, and 2022, being affected by the pandemic as well as the Ukrainian-Russian crisis. All data collected are from the “Trade Statistics for International Business Development Database”. Conclusions about the intensity of exchange of agricultural and food products within the WB region were obtained by calculating Regional Intensity of Trade of Export (RITE) and Regional Intensity of Trade of Import (RITI). Higher values than 1 indicate intensity in trade or dominance of trade in specific products with a particular region compared with the trade with the world. In the case of trade among the WB countries, the COVID-19 crisis did not affect the increase in trade volume. However, there was an increase in intra-regional trade by about 50% when compared with 2020 and 2022. The RITE coefficients for all countries except Albania were greater than 1, indicating intensified export of agricultural and food products to the WB region compared with their global export. The RITI index is very important in crisis, as it somewhat answers the question of who "feeds" the country during crises. All WB countries had the RITI indices greater than 1, indicating a higher intensity of food imports from the region compared with the world. According to this research, the RIT coefficients measured generally declined in the years of crises, meaning that the countries shifted their export focus to other regions but still the most significant foreign and intense trade partners in agricultural and food products were countries from the region.
The Role of Digital Elevation Models in Increasing the Accuracy of Geophysical Studies of Anthropogenic Metallic Pollution
Authors: Kambalin Igor Olegovich , Koshurnikov Andrey Viktorovich , Balihin Ermolai Igorevich
Published: October 2024

The study focuses on improving the accuracy of geophysical investigations of anthropogenic metallic pollution using digital elevation models (DEMs). The methodology was tested at the Norilsk site, located in close proximity to the slag heaps of the nickel plant, based on DEM data obtained through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to conduct a detailed geomorphological analysis of the area. Geophysical methods such as the natural field (NF) method and frequency sounding were also used to identify zones of potential metallic pollution, as well as the characteristics and spatial positions of predicted permafrost layers. The main emphasis is on the advantages of integrating geophysical methods with DEMs and derived cartographic materials to improve the accuracy and reliability of surface metallic pollution detection and mapping, considering the geocryological situation within the study area. Geophysical methods of natural field (NF) and frequency sounding were employed to determine the geoelectrical properties of the study area. Reconnaissance surveys and flight missions were conducted to create the digital elevation model and orthoimage, and a surface water runoff map was developed based on the generated rasters and their interpretation. Based on the obtained geophysical data, zones of possible metallic pollution spread from the slag heaps were identified, which were confirmed through DEM analysis by the geomorphology of the study site. The distribution of specific electrical resistance fields was also interpreted in consideration of the collected data and validated through borehole drilling. It is worth noting that the integrated approach helped reveal the need to revise the interpretation plan, as only through the analysis of the nature and intensity of metallic pollution could the abnormally low resistance values in areas far from thermokarst lakes, with relatively shallow permafrost depths, be explained. Additionally, it became possible to qualitatively assess the zones of dust material accumulation.
Reciprocal regulation of pro-inflammatory annexin A2 with estrogen in the progression of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Raj Rohan , C Vinay Kumar , Shetty Vikram , M Vijaykrishnaraj , Shetty Praveenkumar , Patil Prakash
Published: October 2024

Osteoporosis is a systemic condition where there is a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) increasing the fragility of the bone, which in turn increases the risk of fracture. Osteoclasts express Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that, when overexpressed, promotes osteoclastic activity. This study aims to confirm the role of proinflammatory ANXA2 in bone remodeling and determines its association with estrogen expression causing low bone density in postmenopausal women. After obtaining the consent, pre and postmenopausal women participants (n = 42) were subjected to Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA scan). Later, serum estradiol (E2) was analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer, and serum ANXA2 levels were determined by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The osteoporotic post-menopausal women (58.6 ± 9.2 years) have lower BMD (0.7 ± 0.2 g/cm2) with a very low T-score (DXA score) of –3.32 ± 1.42, compared to pre-menopausal (25.34 ± 6.03 years) having higher BMD (0.97 ± 0.17 g/cm2) with a T score of –0.79 ± 1.01. Furthermore, the serum estradiol levels were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in post-menopausal women (5.52 ± 1.35 pg/ml) compared to pre-menopausal women (90.18 ± 52.76 pg/ml). Conversely, the ANXA2 levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher among post-menopausal women (76.4 ± 10.07 ng/ml) compared to pre-menopausal women (62.97 ± 7.11 ng/ml). This study concludes that the serum ANXA2 levels in post-menopausal individuals with osteoporosis are inversely related to hip BMD but have very poor levels of serum estrogen. Therefore, the greater levels of ANXA2 have a role in promoting osteoclastogenesis linked to osteoporosis.
Riserva di gradimento nella compravendita
Authors: De Maddalena Linda
Published: October 2024

A differenza delle altre principali clausole convenzionali accessorie tipiche del contratto di compravendita romana (lex commissoria e in diem addictio), al pactum displicentiae i compilatori giustinianei non hanno dedicato appositi titoli. La ricostruzione della sua disciplina è pertanto rimessa pressoché esclusivamente all'interpretazione del limitato numero di frammenti giurisprudenziali che sul tema ci sono pervenuti. La lettura che qui si offre di queste testimonianze della riflessione sulla clausola di gradimento avutasi nel corso dell’esperienza giuridica romana di età classica si indirizza a mostrare le differenze di regime che, rispetto alle categorie concettuali elaborate dalla Pandettistica e consolidate nella scienza giuridica moderna, la clausola presenta presso i giuristi romani, discendendo dal metodo casistico normalmente utilizzato da questi ultimi.
Modulation of aperiodic EEG activity provides sensitive index of cognitive state changes during working memory task
Authors: Frelih Tisa , Matkovič Andraž , Mlinarič Tjaša , Bon Jurij , Repovš Grega
Published: October 2024

To better understand cognitive processes, it is essential to examine the interplay between periodic (oscillatory) and aperiodic electrophysiological brain activity. In this study, we aim to clarify how the periodic and aperiodic electrophysiological components respectively reflect the cognitive processes involved in working memory. Fiftyseven participants performed an n-back task while their brain activity was recorded using EEG. The analysis of both components of the EEG spectrum during task performance indicate that both periodic and aperiodic activities exhibit distinct taskrelated spatiotemporal dynamics that are closely related to cognitive demands. The results indicate that the substantial changes traditionally attributed to theta oscillations in working memory tasks are, in fact, due to shifts in the spectral slope of aperiodic activity. This suggests that the modulation of aperiodic activity associated with cognitive control processes may provide a more sensitive index of cognitive state changes than previously recognised. To validate our findings, we also used these analysis methods in another working memory task, which showed similar patterns of periodic and aperiodic activity. Our findings challenge the conventional understanding of theta oscillations in cognitive processing and question the routine practice of EEG baseline correction in time-frequency analysis, which may obscure significant modulations in continuous working memory tasks. Consequently, the inclusion of aperiodic activity as a fundamental component of EEG analysis is critical to the accurate representation of the neural basis of cognition.
Subtypes and proliferation patterns of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors revealed by single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Someach Einav , Halder Debdatta , Spitzer Avishay , Barbolin Chaya , Tyler Michael , Halperin Reut , Biton Moshe , Tirosh Amit , Tirosh Itay
Published: October 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) occur primarily in the small intestine, lung and pancreas. Due to their rarity compared to other malignancies in these organs, their complex biology remains poorly understood, including their oncogenesis, tumor composition and the intriguing phenomena of mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN). Here we profiled ten low-grade small intestine NET (SiNET) tumor samples as well as one mixed lung tumor by single-cell or single-nuclei RNA-seq. We find that SiNETs are largely separated into two distinct subtypes, in which the neuroendocrine cells upregulate epithelial or neuronal markers, respectively. Surprisingly, in both subtypes the neuroendocrine cells are largely non-proliferative while higher proliferation is observed in multiple non-malignant cell types. Specifically, B and plasma cells are highly proliferative in the epithelial-like SiNET subtype, potentially reflecting the outcome of high Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) expression in those tumors, which may constitute a relevant target. Finally, our analysis of a mixed lung neuroendocrine tumor identifies a population of putative progenitor cells that may give rise to both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine (squamous) cells, potentially explaining the origin of the mixed histology. Taken together, our results provide important insights and hypotheses regarding the biology of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Identification of the trail-following pheromone receptor in termites
Authors: Diallo Souleymane , Kašparová Kateřina , Šulc Josef , Johny Jibin , Křivánek Jan , Nebesářová Jana , Sillam-Dussès David , Kyjaková Pavlína , Vondrášek Jiří , Machara Aleš , Lukšan Ondřej , Grosse-Wilde Ewald , Hanus Robert
Published: October 2024

Chemical communication is the cornerstone of eusocial insect societies since it mediates the social hierarchy, division of labor, and concerted activities of colony members. The chemistry of social insect pheromones received considerable attention in both major groups of social insects, the eusocial Hymenoptera and termites. By contrast, current knowledge on molecular mechanisms of social insect pheromone detection by odorant receptors (ORs) is limited to hymenopteran social insects and no OR was yet functionally characterized in termites, the oldest eusocial insect clade. Here, we present the first OR deorphanization in termites. Using the data from antennal transcriptome and genome of the termite
Prorhinotermes simplex
(Rhinotermitidae), we selected 4 candidate OR sequences, expressed them in Empty Neuron
Drosophila
, and functionally characterized using single sensillum recording (SSR) and a panel of termite semiochemicals. In one of the selected ORs, PsimOR14, we succeeded in obtaining strong and reliable responses to the main component of
P. simplex
trail-following pheromone, the monocyclic diterpene neocembrene. PsimOR14 showed a narrow tuning to neocembrene; only one additional compound out of 72 tested (geranylgeraniol) generated non-negligible responses. Subsequently, we used SSR and
P. simplex
workers to identify the olfactory sensillum specifically responding to neocembrene, thus likely expressing
PsimOR14
. We report on homology-based modelling of neocembrene binding by PsimOR14 and show how different ligands impact the receptor dynamicity using molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we demonstrate that
PsimOR14
is significantly more expressed in workers than in soldiers, which correlates with higher sensitivity of workers to neocembrene.
Prolonged Pain Reliably Slows Peak Alpha Frequency by Reducing Fast Alpha Power
Authors: Furman Andrew J , Prokhorenko Mariya , Keaser Michael L , Zhang Jing , Chen Shuo , Mazaheri Ali , Seminowicz David A
Published: October 2024

The relationship between the 8-12 Hz “alpha: rhythm, the predominant oscillatory activity of the brain, and pain remains unclear. In healthy individuals, acute, noxious stimuli suppress alpha power while patients with chronic pain demonstrate both enhanced alpha power and slowing of the peak alpha frequency (PAF). To investigate these apparent differences, EEG was recorded from healthy individuals while they completed two models of prolonged pain, Phasic Heat Pain and Capsaicin Heat Pain, at two testing visits occurring roughly 8 weeks apart. We report that PAF is reliably slowed and that alpha power is reliably decreased in response to prolonged pain. Furthermore, we show that alpha power changes, but not PAF changes, are fully reversed with stimulus removal suggesting that PAF slowing reflects pain associated states such as sensitization rather than the presence of ongoing pain. Finally, we provide evidence that changes to alpha power and PAF are due to power decreases in the “fast” (10-12 Hz) range of the alpha rhythm. This frequency dependent pain response aligns with the hypothesis that the alpha rhythm is composed of multiple, independent oscillators, and suggest that modulation of a putative “fast” oscillator may represent a promising therapeutic target for treating ongoing pain. In sum, we provide strong evidence that PAF is reliably slowed during prolonged pain and additionally identify a mechanism, “fast” alpha Power, which is responsible for these PAF changes.
Working memory gating in obesity is moderated by striatal dopaminergic gene variants
Authors: Herzog Nadine , Hartmann Hendrik , Janssen Lieneke Katharina , Kanyamibwa Arsene , Waltmann Maria , Kovacs Peter , Deserno Lorenz , Fallon Sean , Villringer Arno , Horstmann Annette
Published: October 2024

Everyday life requires an adaptive balance between distraction-resistant maintenance of information and the flexibility to update this information when needed. These opposing mechanisms are proposed to be balanced through a working memory gating mechanism. Prior research indicates that obesity may elevate the risk of working memory deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Dopaminergic alterations have emerged as a potential mediator. However, current models suggest these alterations should only shift the balance in working memory tasks, not produce overall deficits. The empirical support for this notion is currently lacking, however. To address this gap, we pooled data from three studies (N = 320) where participants performed a working memory gating task. Higher BMI was associated with overall poorer working memory, irrespective of whether there was a need to maintain or update information. However, when participants, in addition to BMI level, were categorized based on certain putative dopamine-signaling characteristics (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]; specifically, Taq1A and DARPP-32), distinct working memory gating effects emerged. These SNPs, primarily associated with striatal dopamine transmission, appear to be linked with differences in updating, specifically, among high-BMI individuals. Moreover, blood amino acid ratio, which indicates central dopamine synthesis capacity, combined with BMI shifted the balance between distractor-resistant maintenance and updating. These findings suggest that both dopamine-dependent and dopamine-independent cognitive effects exist in obesity. Understanding these effects is crucial if we aim to modify maladaptive cognitive profiles in individuals with obesity.
A systematic review on artificial intelligence approaches for smart health devices
Authors: Aversano Lerina , Iammarino Martina , Mancino Ilaria , Montano Debora
Published: October 2024

In the context of smart health, the use of wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices is becoming increasingly popular to monitor and manage patients’ health conditions in a more efficient and personalized way. However, choosing the most suitable artificial intelligence (AI) methodology to analyze the data collected by these devices is crucial to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of smart healthcare applications. Additionally, protecting the privacy and security of health data is an area of growing concern, given the sensitivity and personal nature of such information. In this context, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are emerging as successful technologies because they are suitable for application to advanced analysis and prediction of healthcare scenarios. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the current state of the literature by identifying challenges, best practices, and future opportunities in the field of smart health. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the AI methodologies used, the neural network architectures adopted, and the algorithms employed, as well as examine the privacy and security issues related to the management of health data collected by wearable IoT devices. Through this systematic review, we aim to offer practical guidelines for the design, development, and implementation of AI solutions in smart health, to improve the quality of care provided and promote patient well-being. To pursue our goal, several articles focusing on ML or DL network architectures were selected and reviewed. The final discussion highlights research gaps yet to be investigated, as well as the drawbacks and vulnerabilities of existing IoT applications in smart healthcare.
The Returned: Former U.S. Migrants’ Lives in Mexico City
Authors: Masferrer Claudia , Hamilton Erin , Denier Nicole
Published: October 2024

More than two million Mexican migrants returned to Mexico from the United States in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. In this book, Claudia Masferrer, Erin R. Hamilton, and Nicole Denier present the lives of thirty-four people who returned to Mexico City from the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, a period in which U.S. immigration policy became increasingly focused on restriction and enforcement. The authors find that the experience of return migration to Mexico City during this period, after a relatively long time in non-citizen, mostly undocumented status as an immigrant in the United States, leaves the return migrant norteado, “disoriented or lost.” Return migrants have trouble finding health care and social services, family life is upended, and economic mobility is limited. The authors discuss what can be done about the hardships of return migration to Mexico City, exploring how existing policies could be expanded and new policies or programs created to better serve the needs of return migrants in Mexico City and beyond.
BIBLIO-METRO DE SANTIAGO UN SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS A ESCALA METROPOLITANA
Authors:   , Valenzuela Álvarez Joaquín
Published: October 2024

La tesis explora cómo vincular las estaciones del metro de Santiago en la Región Metropolitana mediante un proyecto de Biblioteca Sistémica. Propone integrar las infraestructuras culturales de las bibliotecas y las infraestructuras de transporte del metro para mejorar el acceso a servicios esenciales en áreas periféricas. Las estaciones de metro se convertirían en puntos estratégicos adaptados a su entorno, funcionando como espacios culturales que fomentan la inclusión, conectividad y cohesión social, respondiendo al crecimiento desigual de la ciudad.
Desde la tradición a la innovación de fabricación: diseño de envolvente pasiva con impresión 3D en tierra, basado en su geometría y transferencia de calor
Authors:   , Sánchez Santos, Jessica Alejandra
Published: October 2024

En el marco actual de la arquitectura y la construcción contemporánea, caracterizado por el uso de materiales industrializados, que están asociados a altas emisiones de CO2 y compuestos contaminantes, es fundamental investigar y explorar nuevas soluciones tecnológicas y alternativas de materiales más sustentables que puedan ser implementados para el diseño de espacios habitables más confortables, saludables y respetuosos con el medio ambiente. En este contexto, esta tesis de maestría se centra en el diseño y análisis de una envolvente pasiva utilizando un material natural como la tierra, en combinación con las ventajas que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías de impresión 3D. El objetivo es analizar el desempeño térmico y la transferencia de calor, así como las repercusiones que las geometrías complejas tienen. Para ello , se ha realizado una investigación preliminar que incluye la revisión de literatura especializada, la comparación de modelos similares y el análisis de simulaciones digitales.Este trabajo se estructura en seis capítulos, el primero aborda la introducción y conceptos fundamentales de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se define el marco teórico, con el objetivo de familiarizar al lector con la terminología y los antecedentes de los 3 temas principales que aborda la problemática:El material tierra en la arquitectura, la impresión 3D en la construcción y el fenómeno de transferencia de calor, y los temas que los relacionan. El en tercer capítulo se describe la problemática, la hipótesis planteada, los objetivos y la metodología seguida. El cuarto capitulo aborda el método de aplicación y análisis, los parámetros seguidos y condiciones en las que se realizaron las simulaciones digitales de los fenómenos térmicos, para finalizar el capítulo se presentan los resultados e interpretación de los mismos. Para concluir, en el quinto y sexto capítulo, se presentan las conclusiones de la investigación, los anexos y material complementario que se desarrolló a lo largo de la investigación.
Estrategias ante una potencia: Alineamiento de los gobiernos de países pequeños hacia China
Authors:   , Telias Diego
Published: October 2024

El ascenso de China ha influido significativamente a nivel mundial, especialmente en lo que respecta a cómo los estados se posicionan frente a este poder emergente. Esta tesis investiga las respuestas estratégicas del gobierno de los estados pequeños ante los intereses centrales de China. Las investigaciones existentes resaltan factores que moldean las posturas gubernamentales, abarcando relaciones económicas, ideas y normas, política internacional y consideraciones de política doméstica. Para China, su apalancamiento económico ha sido fundamental para entender estos patrones según la literatura. Sin embargo, se observan hallazgos inconclusos respecto a la primacía de los factores económicos, sugiriendo que las dinámicas políticas tanto internas como internacionales también desempeñan roles fundamentales.Para abordar estas complejidades, este estudio emplea un análisis comparativo de pares de países: Chile y Uruguay en América Latina, y la República Checa y Hungría en Europa Central. Esta comparación controla variables explicativas clave y examina documentos oficiales para evaluar las posiciones gubernamentales sobre temas centrales a los intereses de China. 120 entrevistas elucidaron los procesos de toma de decisiones detrás de estas posturas hacia los intereses centrales de China. La investigación postula que la dependencia económica influye significativamente en las posiciones de los estados pequeños hacia China en ausencia de preocupaciones de seguridad. La dependencia comercial y las aspiraciones de mejorar las relaciones económicas emergen como factores críticos en el contexto de la dependencia con China, aunque las posiciones pueden cambiar bajo presión de EE. UU. Mientras que la política doméstica es el factor más importante que influye en las posturas hacia los intereses fundamentales de China en el contexto de economías no dependientes. En última instancia, este estudio avanza en términos teóricos para entender las diversas posiciones de los gobiernos de países pequeños, ofreciendo valiosos conocimientos sobre la interacción entre las influencias internas y las consideraciones estratégicas internacionales en el contexto del ascenso global de China.
Relación entre el lenguaje de la educadora y la participación de niños y niñas de Niveles de Transición en contextos de juego reglado
Authors:   , Marín G. Anneliese
Published: October 2024

La participación de niños/as en actividades pedagógicas es crucial para su aprendizaje y éxito académico, ya que se vincula con su conexión a estas actividades. Las interacciones lingüísticas de calidad entre docentes y estudiantes son determinantes en los resultados de aprendizaje, pues el lenguaje ofrece información, apoyo emocional y enfoca la atención. Sin embargo, estas interacciones resultan ineficaces si los niños/as no participan. Aunque se ha hallado una relación entre ambientes educativos de calidad y la participación infantil, existe poca evidencia sobre los factores que predicen esta participación en el aula. Este estudio explora la relación entre el tipo de lenguaje de la educadora y la participación de niños/as de prekínder y kínder en contextos de juego reglado. Participaron 178 niños de 6 colegios municipales de Santiago de Chile y 6 educadoras, en 36 sesiones videograbadas de juego reglado. Mediante un análisis multinivel, se estimó la relación entre el lenguaje de las educadoras y la participación infantil. Los resultados indican que ninguna de las características lingüísticas evaluadas se asocia con la participación en los juegos, y que la variación en la participación puede relacionarse con el tipo de juego utilizado. Considerar las características de las actividades pedagógicas podría ser clave para entender los mecanismos que mejoran la participación y el aprendizaje de los niños/as.
Harnessing Abundant Rural Materials and Community Involvement for Nigeria’s Energy Transition: A Pathway to Sustainable Development
Authors: Jia John A.
Published: October 2024

Energy transition is essential for sustainable development in Nigeria, given the country's heavy reliance on fossil fuels and the challenges of energy poverty in rural areas. While global discussions on energy transition emphasize technical and policy innovations, there is a critical need for the early involvement of rural communities in this process. In Nigeria, where rural populations are often marginalized from mainstream energy planning, including them in decision-making, implementation, and management of renewable energy projects can enhance community acceptance and sustainability. Additionally, the current focus of multinational corporations on large-scale projects without community involvement exacerbates energy disparities and environmental issues. This paper explores the importance of harnessing abundant rural materials such as agricultural wastes, afforestation initiatives, and rivers in Nigeria's energy transition strategy, highlighting the necessity of early community involvement. It also discusses the current dependence on the national grid and fossil fuels, the pivotal role of villages in the energy transition, and the need for a comprehensive national plan that prioritizes rural communities. Comparative cost tables and benefits are provided to illustrate the economic viability of decentralized renewable energy solutions. Case studies and recent publications are referenced to demonstrate successful models of community-led energy projects, emphasizing how early engagement can foster local ownership and long-term success.
Implementation of Digital Initiatives in Higher Education in India: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Sk Md Moin , Sain Sunil Kumar
Published: October 2024

The education system is gradually becoming technology-oriented. The Ministry of Education of India has initiatives numerous digital platforms, tools, and devices like (SWAYAM, SWAYAM Prabha, Shodhganga, Shodhshuddhi, NDL, NAD, e-PG Pathshala, e-Yantra, FOSSE, SAMARTH, IRINS, spoken tutorials and Virtual Labs and so on) to ensure that everyone can access advance and quality education. The study explores problems and solutions regarding implementing digital initiatives in higher educational institutions. This study adopted secondary data from different papers published in journals, newspaper pieces, and various government policies and reports with the help of content analysis. Due to a lack of knowledge and awareness, many problems are faced in successfully implementing digital initiatives in India's higher Education. The problems encountered include limited digital resources and tools, poor internet connectivity in rural institutions, and a lack of proper policy guidelines and rules and regulations when implementing digital initiatives. This paper explores solutions to the problems regarding implementing digital initiatives, such as regular training and workshop programme arrangements that help to increase knowledge and awareness among academics, researchers, and students. Provide adequate internet infrastructure, especially in rural areas, and require sustainable funding to implement digital initiatives in higher Education successfully. The outcome will be highly beneficial if the students can learn digitally. It is valuable for faculty members to develop professional skills.