bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment and discharge yields within a minimally disturbed, headwater watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, with an emphasis on Superstorm Sandy
Authors: Maloney Kelly O. , Shull Dustin R.
Published: April 2015

We estimated discharge and suspended sediment (SS) yield in a minimally disturbed watershed in North Central Pennsylvania, USA, and compared a typical storm (September storm, 4.80 cm) to a large storm (Superstorm Sandy, 7.47 cm rainfall). Depending on branch, Sandy contributed 9.7–19.9 times more discharge and 11.5–37.4 times more SS than the September storm. During the September storm, the upper two branches accounted for 60.6% of discharge and 88.8% of SS at Lower Branch; during Sandy these percentages dropped to 36.1% for discharge and 30.1% for SS. The branch with close proximity roads had over two‐three times per area SS yield than the branch without such roads. Hysteresis loops showed typical clockwise patterns for the September storm and more complicated patterns for Sandy, reflecting the multipeak event. Estimates of SS and hysteresis in minimally disturbed watersheds provide useful information that can be compared spatially and temporally to facilitate management.
Self‐synthesized extracellular matrix contributes to mature adipose tissue regeneration in a tissue engineering chamber
Authors: Zhan Weiqing , Chang Qiang , Xiao Xiaolian , Dong Ziqing , Zeng Zhaowei , Gao Jianhua , Lu Feng
Published: April 2015

The development of an engineered adipose tissue substitute capable of supporting reliable, predictable, and complete fat tissue regeneration would be of value in plastic and reconstructive surgery. For adipogenesis, a tissue engineering chamber provides an optimized microenvironment that is both efficacious and reproducible; however, for reasons that remain unclear, tissues regenerated in a tissue engineering chamber consist mostly of connective rather than adipose tissue. Here, we describe a chamber‐based system for improving the yield of mature adipose tissue and discuss the potential mechanism of adipogenesis in tissue‐chamber models. Adipose tissue flaps with independent vascular pedicles placed in chambers were implanted into rabbits. Adipose volume increased significantly during the observation period (week 1, 2, 3, 4, 16). Histomorphometry revealed mature adipose tissue with signs of adipose tissue remolding. The induced engineered constructs showed high‐level expression of adipogenic (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ), chemotactic (stromal cell‐derived factor 1a), and inflammatory (interleukin 1 and 6) genes. In our system, the extracellular matrix may have served as a scaffold for cell migration and proliferation, allowing mature adipose tissue to be obtained in a chamber microenvironment without the need for an exogenous scaffold. Our results provide new insights into key elements involved in the early development of adipose tissue regeneration.
Agent Based Model to Analyze Consumer Behavior in Consuming the Electricity Energy
Authors: Suryani Erma , Agus Hendrawan Rully , Salama Umi , Puspa Dewi Lily
Published: April 2015

Several studies have been conducted regarding save energy in consuming the electricity through the simple changes in routines and habits. In the case of electricity consumption, consumer behavior might influenced by several factors such as consumer profession, season, and environmental awareness. In this paper, we developed an Agent Based Model (ABM) to analyze the behavior of different agents in consuming the electricity energy for each type of profession (agent) as well as their interaction with the environment. This paper demonstrates a prototype agent based simulation model to estimate the electricity consumption based on the existing condition and some scenarios to reduce the electricity consumption from consumer point of view. From the scenario results, we analyzed the impact of the save energy to increase the electrification ratio.
Analysis of Sleep Deprivation Effect to Driving Performance Using ReactionTest Simulation
Authors: Isnainiyah Ika Nurlaili , Samopa Febriliyan , Suryotrisongko Hatma , Riksakomara Edwin
Published: April 2015

Sleep deprivation condition might lead to falling asleep through inappropriate situations, such as driving. Driving in a state of fatigue or drowsy from lack of sleep will be far worse than driving after alcohol consumption. Hence, the authors develop a driving simulator using Java to modify the control and rules of OpenDS application in order to simulate and calculate the automatic ReactionTest for 25 respondents simulating in both normal conditions and sleepy conditions when driving. Through this study, the authors obtained that the difference of driving performance in terms of reaction rate when driving the car in sleep deprivation condition and the normal condition, is equal to 1.08 seconds. The results also shown that the risk of loss of control that can occur to the driver of the car in units of meters (m), is equal to 0.3024 x the car’s speed. This study aims to reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by sleep deprivation that occur in society by giving a recommendation to the driver that forced to drive in lack of sleep condition. In top of that, the authors propose to create an understanding for changing the social habits of driving toward a better way.
Preliminary Study of Skull Polymorphims of Tupaia glis in Peninsular Malaysia by using MorphoJ
Authors: Md Yusoff Azrinaaini , Vijaya Kumaran Jayaraj , Mohd Tahir Nurul Farah Diyana , Mokhtar Seri Intan
Published: April 2015

A global geographic fragmentation has caused the diversity of animals and plants worldwide, mostly to the population of small mammals. In Malaysia, there are a lot of natural barriers that can separate the population of small mammals including common treeshrew, Tupaia glis. In this study, the polymorphism of ninety (90) Tupaia glis in Peninsular Malaysia is carried out by comparing the skulls of the species from different states by using MorphoJ analysis. This is carried out to know the landmark of the species and the shape changes.
Characterization of Manufacturing System Computer Simulation using Taguchi Method
Authors: Zahraee Seyed Mojib , Chegeni Ali , Mohd Rohani Jafri
Published: April 2015

In the manufacturing industry, managers and engineers are trying to sustain their competitiveness by achieving high output and productivity. There are some common problems such as waiting times, failures, reworks in production line that impose extra cost to the companies. Therefore, companies are striving to find methods in order to determine and deal with problems using different methods such as mathematical, statistical and computer simulation. The goal of this paper is to increase the total output production and to improve productivity using computer simulation and Taguchi method. This paper introduces a color manufacturing line as a case study which is simulated using arena 13.9 software. Following that the Taguchi method is applied to assess the effect of controllable and uncontrollable factors on the total output production. According to the result of JMP 10 software to conduct Taguchi experiment, the maximum desirability of productivity will be achieved when the value of factors such service rate of delpak machine=UNIF (30, 40), number of labor=14, inspection time=120 and number of Permil=5. Taguchi Method plays an efficient and suitable role in the process improvement, proposing adjustments that will provide an improvement in the productivity.
The Reynold’s Number Effect in High Swirling Flow in Unconfined Burner
Authors: A. R. Norwazan , Mohd. Jaafar Mohammad Nazri
Published: April 2015

The numerical simulations of swirling turbulent flows in isothermal condition in combustion chamber of burner were investigated. The aim is to characterize the main flow structures and turbulence in a combustor that is relevant to gas turbines. Isothermal flows with different inlet flow velocities were considered to demonstrate the effect of radial velocity. The inlet velocity, Uo is varied from 30 m/s to 60 m/s represent a high Reynolds number up to 3.00 X 105. The swirler was located at the upstream of combustor with the swirl number of 0.895. A numerical study of non-reacting flow in the burner region was performed using ANSYS Fluent. The Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach method was applied with the standard k-ɛ turbulence equations. The various velocity profiles were different after undergoing the different inlet velocity up to the burner exit. The results of velocity profile showed that the high U0 give better swirling flow patterns.
Development of Rigid Bio-Nanocomposite Polyurethane Foam for Load Bearing Application: Effect of Surfactant Composition
Authors: Dzulkifli Mohd Haziq , Yahya Mohd Yazid , A. Majid Rohah
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the preliminary work on rigid palm oil-based polyurethane foam reinforced with nanoclay for load bearing purposes. In this work, palm oil-based polyol (POP) was reacted with polymeric 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) along with distilled water as the blowing agent, silicone surfactant, and montmorillonite (MMT) clay as filler to produce rigid bio-nanocomposite PU foam. The produced foams are varied by the amount of surfactant used in every foam formulation. The foams are characterized for their morphology and compression strength. The cells inside the bio-nanocomposite foams are indicated to be closed cells. No apparent changes in cell size at higher surfactant content. The compression strengths shows gradual decrease  as the surfactant composition increases, while gradual increase in density is observed when nanoclay content is increased, but up to 6 wt. % only. All in all, as indicated by this preliminary finding, rigid palm oil-based nanocomposite PU foam is a promising alternative for its conventional petroleum-based counterpart.
Customer Mapping for Cable TV Industries in Indonesia Rural Area Using Geographical Information System
Authors: Hari Yulius , Darmanto Darmanto , Puspa Dewi Lily
Published: April 2015

House numbering is the system of giving a unique number to each building in a street or area, with the intention of making it easier to locate a particular building. The house number is often part of a postal address. The term describes the number of any building (residential or not) or vacant lot with a mailbox. House numbering schemes vary by place, and in many cases even within cities. In some areas, especially in rural area of Indonesia, the house or building are not numbered yet. This is caused by the demography and the geography. This study was done on cable TV industries in Sorong Papua, Indonesia. Where the main problem in this research is how to reduce the number of customer payment arrears and minimize duration of customer dues. There are several aspects of why customers in arrears, on the one hand because of the difficulty of the collector to find the location of the customer and on the other hand due to poor customer habits, so that they do not want to pay. The research model was constructed with a Geographical Information System to determine the mapping customers. The mapping process is done with the customer to establish a classification of association rule between customers. The results of this study could assist companies in finding the location of customers quickly and make the mapping according to customer payment behavior. The approach of the results obtained can be further used to determine the best strategy in dealing with customers.
A Review of Palm Oil Biomass as a Feedstock for Syngas Fuel Technology
Authors: Samiran Nor Afzanizam , Mohd Jaafar Mohammad Nazri , Tung Chong Cheng , Jo-Han Ng
Published: April 2015

Fossil fuel as the world dominated energy source is depleting and posing environmental issue. Therefore, Synthesis gas (or syngas) which serve environmental clean fuel characteristic is expected to play a major role as one of the potential renewable energy in the future. Syngas, produced from solid feedstock (such as biomass, coal, refinery residual, organic waste and municipal waste) via gasification process can be used directly as fuel for power generation. Besides, syngas also acts as key intermediary to produce transport fuel depending on their quality. The chosen feedstock for syngas production determines the composition and heating value of the syngas produced and hence will be reviewed in general. This paper then review critically palms biomass as the potential source of feedstock for syngas production, as it is widely accessible in the context Malaysia. Palm biomass presents a solution that is sustainable and eco-friendly that is yet to be fully capitalized in the palm oil industry.  Some of the palm biomass including oil palm frond (OPF), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) are identified to contain high heating value which indicate their potential use as solid biomass feedstock for syngas production.
The Influence of a Curved on Copper-type Down Conductor
Authors: Ariffen A. M. , Ab-Kadir M. Z. A. , Gomes C. , Jasni J.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of curved copper conductor angle under current transient and voltage using numerical analysis approach. A thorough evaluation for copper down-conductor attainable in lightning protection system with a recommended cross-sectional area of conductor based on the standards under different numerous angles will be examined. The results in terms of field values were reviewed and considered in resemblance with the critical breakdown value of air. Although the comparison is by no means rigorous, it may shed some light on how the geometrical modelling and the physical parameters weighted in the computational modelling and how further refinement could be synthesized. In the end, a realistic approach for the optimal angle of down-conductor contributed to the installation design of a down-conductor in confined area is set and establish.
The Study of Wooden Clamps for Strengthening of Connection on Bamboo Truss Structure
Authors: Masdar Astuti , Suhendro Bambang , Siswosukarto Suprapto , Sulistyo Djoko
Published: April 2015

High strength bamboo material cannot be fully utilized in construction projects due to the constraints of the connection system. The connection system element on the truss structure greatly affects the strength of the structure. Several studies have been completed to provide higher strength of the truss connections. However, the connection system is constrained by the costs of construction, availability of materials, equipment, skilled labored standardization. In this study, a connection system that possesses lightweight properties but with higher strength and lower cost while keeping the form of the bamboo being connected to remain natural has been developed. The proposed connection system consists of bolts, wooden gusset plates and special wooden clamps that have been adjusted with the shape and dimension of the bamboos being connected. A connection system without filler material on bamboo culms and wooden clamps used to increase the contribution to the shear at the connection has been proposed. The results showed an increase in the strength of the proposed connection of about 40% of the wood gusset plate system using wooden clamps than connection system without using wooden clamps, so it can be concluded that the proposed connection system possesses higher strength, yet much lower weight and has the potential for practical applications.
A Review of Prestressed Concrete Pile with Circular Hollow Section (Spun Pile)
Authors: Irawan Candra , Suprobo Priyo , Putu Raka I Gusti , Djamaluddin Rudy
Published: April 2015

Spun pile is one of the types of piles are widely used in the world construction, for example in building and bridge. Spun pile is a prestressed concrete pile with circular hollow section. This paper provides an overview of the research development of spun pile, starting from 80's until now. This overview is related to methods of increasing the strength and reliability of spun pile due to earthquake loads, either by modifying the longitudinal reinforcement and confinement. In addition, this paper also discusses about the failure patterns of spun pile due to seismic loads. Finally, this paper can be a reference for understanding the scope of the research topics that have been done by researchers. Thus, by this overview can be obtained new idea for the next research to improve the performance of spun pile carry seismic loads.
Discrete Element Modelling of Complex Failure Mechanism at Quarry Slope
Authors: Abdullah Rini A , Mohd Amin Mohd For , Rashid Ahmad S.A. , Yahya S.M.
Published: April 2015

Road cutting, open pit mining, quarrying and various other constructions in hilly terrain demand special attention in terms of slope stability. The analysis of slope stability is of great significance not only for ensuring safe design of excavated slope, but also for preventing potential hazards. This research was undertaken to identify the controlling parameters affecting the slope instability. As the rock slope behaviour is mostly governed by discontinuities, discontinuum numerical technique such as Discrete Element Method (DEM) which has the ability to address discontinuity controlled instability is well suited for this case. This study investigated the failure pattern and its responsible factors leading to failure of a slope at a slate quarry situated in Wales, United Kingdom as a case study. The research work consisted of field investigation, laboratory experiments and parametric analysis by powerful and renowned distinct element computational tool Universal Discrete Element Code (UDEC). Evidence showed that complex failure mechanism involving distinct planar sliding surface along with block-flexural toppling contributed to the instability at the studied slate quarry. Dip of discontinuity, presence of water, weathering state and slope angle were the significant factors found in this study to have profound impact on controlling rock slope instability. The modelling results also indicated that the influence of structurally dipping at 78° of cleavage in slate and the water filling in the crack which developed excess water pressure have triggered the failure.
Influence of transport Layer on Transient Suction Distribution in a Two-Layered Slope
Authors: Yunusa Gambo Haruna , Kassim Azman , A. Rashid Ahmad Safuan
Published: April 2015

Residual soil slope failure due to rainfall infiltration is one of geotechnical hazards receiving much attention in many tropical climate countries. The infiltrating water eliminates matric suction in the residual soil slope and results in slope failure. A capillary barrier is used to prevent excessive rainfall infiltration and preserve matric suction in the residual soil slope and hence prevent rainfall-induced slope failure. A numerical study to examine the performance of a transport layer in a two-layered slope using capillary barrier principle was presented in this paper. Material properties of tropical residual soils consisting of Grade V (silty gravel) and Grade VI (sandy silt) were used and modelled a two-layered slope. These material properties were obtained from representative soil sample of Balai Cerapan slope in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru campus. A granite chips (Gravel) was also incorporated to act as a transport layer in the numerical model. The simulated slope model was then subjected to three different rainfall intensities of 9 mm/h (rainfall 1), 22 mm/h (rainfall 2) and 36 mm/h (Rainfall 3) representing short, medium and high intensity rainfalls, respectively. A total of six numerical schemes were performed by restricting the thickness of the transport layer to 0.1 m. However, to assess the effect of the transport layer thickness on suction distribution; the thickness was increased to 0.2 m. The results of the study show that inclusion of gravelly transport layer enables the top layer of fine sandy silt residual soil to retain the infiltrating water as a result of capillary break developed at the interface and also divert it above the interface towards the direction of the toe of the slope. Similarly the transport layer is found to be effective in preventing water breakthrough occurrence into the underlying coarser soil layer of the two-layered slope, especially when the thickness of the transport layer is optimum.
Physical Characteristics of Boulders Formed in the Tropically Weathered Granite
Authors: Md Dan Mohd Firdaus , Muhamad Edy Tonnizam , Komoo Ibrahim , Alel Mohd Nur Asmawisham
Published: April 2015

Deep weathering profile is a common phenomenon for humid tropic especially in Malaysia. The reactions of deep weathering under soil surface are decomposition of the massive rock and formation of thick stratum of soil and boulders. However, the occurrence of embedded boulders or loose blocks in the highly to completely weathered in the hilly area is not fully understood and investigated. This paper investigates the occurrence and physical characteristics of boulders in the granitic area. The parameters investigated are boulder’s discoloration, size, shape, rindlet properties and their distribution. Colour and shape were determined based on rock colour chart by Krumbein and Croft’s chart respectively. Size, rindlet and its distribution were determined based on field observation. Field results revealed that boulders in the hilly area can be found as shallow as 2 m from ground surface. In addition, it is found that boulder that embedded in deeper zone became larger in size and surrounded by thicker rindlet of up to 50 cm thick. Boulders embedded in soil stratum at weathering zone 4 and 5 are mostly independent and scattered around the weathering profile. The boulders can also be presented in various shapes; the smaller boulder is located at the upper zone more to flat to very spherical shape and rounded to well rounded edges, while the larger boulder that is located at lower zone more to sub-spherical shape and well rounded edges.
Shear Strength Behaviour of Canlite-Treated Laterite Soil
Authors: Mohd Yunus Nor Zurairahetty , Yung Yong Chin , Teck Wei Ng , Abdullah Norliana , Mashros Noordiana , Abdul Kadir Mariyana Aida
Published: April 2015

This research is to determine the geotechnical properties of laterite soil which are modified with liquid soil stabilizers namely Canlite (SS299). The soft soil samples which are from hilly area atFaculty of Electrical and Electronic, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai was used in this research. Physical properties tests that were conducted are Atterberg Limit test, Standard Proctor Compaction test (SPC) while mechanical properties test are Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test. All these tests were conducted in accordance to BS1377:1990. The results showed that SS299 soil stabilizer is able to improve the geotechnical properties of the laterite soil. The unconfined compression strength increased with the curing period, the variation mainly occurring in the first 28 days. Canlite soil stabilizer was therefore finding as an effective stabilizer for lateritic soil.
Feature Selection Technique Impact for Internet Traffic Classification Using Naïve Bayesian
Authors: Antonio Tony , Suryaputra Paramita Adi
Published: April 2015

Feature selection technique has an important role for internet traffic classification. This technique will present more accurate data and more accurate internet traffic classification which will provide precise information for bandwidth optimization. One of the important considerations in the feature selection technique that should be looked into is how to choose the right features which can deliver better and more precise results for the classification process. This research will compare feature selection algorithms where the Internet traffic has the same correlation that could fit into the same class. Internet traffic dataset will be collected, formatted, classified and analyzed using Naïve Bayesian. Formerly, the Correlation Feature Selection (CFS) is used in the feature selection to find a collection of the best sub-sets data from the existing data but without the discriminant and principal of a body dataset. We plan to use Principal Component Analysis technique in order to find discriminant and principal feature for internet traffic classification. Moreover, this paper also studied the process to fit the features. The result also shows that the internet traffic classification using Naïve Bayesian and Correlation Feature Selection (CFS) have more than 90% accuracy while the classification accuracy reached 75% for feature selection using Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
The Effects Of Controlling Parameters On Polymer Enhanced Foam (PEF) Stability
Authors: Azdarpour Amin , Junin Radzuan Bin , Manan Muhammad , Hamidi Hossein , Rafati Roozbeh
Published: April 2015

In the present study, four surfactants including AOS, SDS, SDBS, and TX100 were used as the foaming agent and a PHPA polymer with relatively low to high concentrations was added to the solutions prepared in both fresh water and 8 wt. % NaCl. Also, paraffin and vaseline oils with different viscosities were used to investigate the effect of oil on PEF stability. Polymer addition to foam can effectively improve foam stability compared with conventional foam stability. In addition, the polymer concentration increase could lead to foam stability increase; thus, the maximum polymer concentration in solutions could produce the most stable foam. Solutions with 8 wt. % NaCl had destabilizing effect, that is, unlike solutions with fresh water, it slightly reduced foam stability. Contacted oil in the solutions could substantially reduce foam stability. Also, the destabilizing effect was more severe with paraffin oil rather than vaseline oil. Of all the four surfactants used in this research, SDS had the highest compatibility with PHPA and produced the most stable foam, while AOS, SDBS, and finally TX100 surfactants were in next orders. In addition, microscopic photos showed that the type of solution has a significant effect on bubble size and foam stability.
A Cost Of Test Case Study For Wafer-Ring Multi-Sites Test Handler In Semiconductor’s Industry Through Theory Of The Firm
Authors: Khoo Voon Ching
Published: April 2015

In this research, the author conducted the cost of test study for the wafer-ring test handler in semiconductor’s industry with theory of the firm model. A cost of test model have been developed through the theory of the firm average cost theory by integrated the technology aspect into it so that the cost study can be conduct. The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of the wafer-ring test handler in order to reduce the cost of testing. Wafer-ring test handler is the invented technology which have been developed for Wafer-level Packaging (WLP), Chip-Scale Package (CSP) and QFN testing whereby those semiconductor’s devices are the next generation device for the purpose of to simplified the manufacturing process ultimately to reduce the manufacturing cost in total. The manufacturing cost in the semiconductor’s industry included of assembly cost and testing cost hence the said devices managed to simplified the assembly process and reduce the cost of assembly but if the testing-cost is not reduce in parallel, it will affected the profit margin.  This study is important as a guideline for the semiconductor industry in terms of cost control to maintain the profit margin due to the depreciation of the average selling price (ASP) for past 20 years.
Quantitative Hazard Analysis for Landslides in Hulu Kelang area, Malaysia
Authors: Saadatkhah Nader , Kassim Azman , Min Lee Lee , Yunusa Gambo Haruna
Published: April 2015

Hulu Kelang is a region in Malaysia which is very susceptible to landslides. From 1990 to 2011, a total of 28 major landslide events had been reported in this area. This paper evaluates and compares the probability-frequency ratio (FR), statistical index (Wi), and weighting factor (Wf), used for assessing landslide susceptibility in the study area. Eleven landslide influencing factors were considered in the analyses. These factors included lithology, land cover, curvature, slope inclination, slope aspect, drainage density, elevation, distance to lake and stream, distance to road and trenches and two indices (the stream power index (SPI) and the topographic wetness index (TWI)) found in the area. The accuracy of the maps produced from the three models was verified using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The verification results indicated that the probability-frequency ratio (FR) model which was developed quantitatively based on probabilistic analysis of spatial distribution of historical landslide events was capable of producing a more reliable landslide susceptibility map in this study area compared to its other counterparts. About 89% of the landslide locations have been predicted accurately by using the FR map.
Spectroscopic Studies of Magnetron Sputtering Plasma Discharge in Cu/O2/Ar Mixture for Copper Oxide Thin Film Fabrication
Authors: Wei Low Jia , Nayan Nafarizal , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Md Shakaff Ali Yeon , Zakaria Ammar , Mohd Zain Ahmad Faizal
Published: April 2015

Magnetron sputtering plasma for the deposition of copper oxide thin film has been investigated using optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe. The intensity of the light emission from atoms and radicals in the plasma were measured using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Then, Langmuir probe was employed to estimate the plasma density, electron temperature and ion flux. In present studies, reactive copper sputtering plasmas were produced at different oxygen flow rate of 0, 4, 8 and 16 sccm. The size of copper target was 3 inches. The dissipation rf power, Ar flow rate and working pressure were fixed at 400 W, 50 sccm and 22.5 mTorr, respectively. Since the substrate bias plays an important role to the thin film formation, the substrate bias voltages of 0, -40, -60 and -100 V were studied. Based on OES results, oxygen emission increased drastically when the oxygen flow rate above 8 sccm. On the other hand, copper and argon emission decreased gradually. In addition, Langmuir probe results showed a different ion flux when substrate bias voltage was applied. Based on these plasma diagnostic results, it has been concluded that the optimized parameter to produce copper oxide thin film are between -40 to -60 V of substrate bias voltage and between 8 to 12 sccm of oxygen flow rate.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Doped Magnesium Boro-Tellurite Ceramics
Authors: Bohari Nur Zu Ira , Hussin R. , Ibrahim Zuhairi , Lintang Hendrik O.
Published: April 2015

Glass has been widely utilized in the field of lighting, telecommunication and spectroscopy. Boro-tellurite is one of the suitable glasses used for solid state lighting and laser application. The investigation on the luminescence properties of rare earth doped ceramic is rarely used due to the opacity. In this paper boro-tellurite prepared in ceramic can show the better luminescence with the less advantage. The aim of this paper is to present the effect and advantages in luminescence results of boro-tellurite ceramics doped with the constant amount of rare earth. Doped magnesium boro-tellurite with Eu3+ and Dy3+ ceramic have been prepared using solid state reaction method with the compositions of xTeO2-(70-x)B2O3-30MgO with 10≤x≤40, and have been doped with Eu2O3 (1mol%) and Dy2O3 (1mol%) . The characterizations of the samples have been investigated by means of X-Ray diffraction, Raman, Infrared and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. From the X-ray diffraction results, two phases are assigned to MgTe2O5 and Mg2B2O5. Raman spectroscopy showed strong bands observed in the vicinity of 140, 175, 220, 266, 332, 403, 436, 646, 694, 723, 757 and 806 cm-1. FTIR spectra showed bands located in the range between 400-800 cm-1 are assigned to the bending mode of Te-O-Te, TeO3 and TeO4. In the range of 800-1400 cm-1,the bands are associated with B-O, B-O-B, BO3 and BO4 bonds. The emission transition 5D0-7F2 corresponded to the red emission (612 nm) was found to be the most intense in all the Eu3+-doped magnesium boro-tellurite ceramics.
Secure Authentication and Key Management Protocols for Mobile Multihop WiMAX Networks
Authors: Khan Adnan Shahid , Lenando Halikul , Abdullah Johari , Fisal Norsheila
Published: April 2015

Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) network is one of the emerging technologies, especially LTE-Advanced, WiMAX and the Smart grid communications. Ensuring security is one of the most imperative and challenging issues in MMR networks. Privacy Key Management (PKM) protocol is proposed to ensure the security measures in MMR networks. However, the protocol still faces several security threats, specifically Denial of Service (DoS), replay attacks, Man in the Middle (MitM) attacks and the interleaving attacks, which is termed as Medium Access Control (MAC) layer attacks. This paper proposed a modified version PKM protocol for both unilateral and mutual authentication, which is termed as Self-organized Efficient Authentication and Key Management Scheme (SEAKS) authentication protocol. This protocol ensures secure end-to-end data transmission using distributed hop-by-hop authentication and localized key management schemes with a very simple and efficient way.
A Study Of Ionospheric GPS Scintillation During Solar Maximum at UTeM Station
Authors: Aon Emad F. , Othman A. R. , Ho Y. H. , Shaddad R. Q.
Published: April 2015

Wireless signals propagated along global positioning system (GPS) channel are affected by ionospheric electron density irregularities such that GPS signals may experience amplitude and phase fluctuations. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS), ionospheric scintillation, and total electron content (TEC) monitor (GISTM) receiver has been installed at UTeM, Malaysia (2.3139°N, 102.3183°E) for monitoring ionospheric scintillation at several frequencies. In this paper, the GPS ionospheric scintillations are concerned for the dual frequency L1 (fL1 = 1.57542 GHz) and L2C (fL2= 1.2276 GHz).  Ionospheric scintillation data has been collected during solar maximum cycle 2013-2014 for six months October 2013–March 2014. Solar activities significantly impact the ionospheric GPS scintillation, especially in the equatorial region where Malaysia is located. The GPS link is analyzed to investigate how the scintillation increases during the solar maximum cycle. When the sun flux is maximum, the total of electrons is increased in the ionospheric layer and the scintillation values gradually become high. The ionospheric amplitude/phase scintillation, carrier-to-noise (C/No) ratio, and availability of GPS satellites are reported in the proposed experimental GPS model. Consequently, for Malaysia, typical threshold received C/No ratio is 43 dB-Hz, implying that C/No ratio should be greater than 43 dB-Hz to receive good signals at the GPS receiver.
Aplikasi GIS dan AHP Dalam Kesesuaian Kawasan Penanaman Anggur: Kajian Kes di Negeri Perlis
Authors: Sabri Nur Faizah , Othman Zainudin , Nayan Nasir , Azman Mohamed Nor Azhari
Published: April 2015

The site suitability for fruit crops is one of initiatives to improve the fruits production. Six variables were involved in this study there was maximum temperature, annual rainfall, relative humidity, soil series, topography and land use. Spatial analysis was done on suitability variables by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). An Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) technique was applied to determine of sample values for the all areas in Perlis. The raster calculation and reclassification was showed the suitable and unsuitable area for grapes cultivation has represented by scale 1 and 0. Results showed that an almost area was suitable for grapes cultivation in Perlis. An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to support the results of weight value for the each variable. Results showed that grapes cultivation has an inclination with the highest weighted value for topography which is 0.28 (28%). Analysis based on AHP showed that most of territorial division is suitable for grapes cultivation. The area were represented by scale 1 has a potential for grapes cultivation. This study was showed that GIS and AHP techniques in grapes cultivation has a new phase in evaluation and determination process by decision makers. The risk of cultivation damage has been decreasing by involved all site suitability variables
The Effect Of Weight Fraction And Size On The Properties Of Sago Particles Urea Formaldehyde Particleboard
Authors: Chiang Tay Chen , Hamdan Sinin , Osman Mohd Shahril
Published: April 2015

We live in a world where wood products are hard to ignore. The sheer flexibility in the number of applications where the wood is used means that it is one of the most sought resources in the world. The wood products industry faces challenges in promoting sustainable management of forest resources. Composite materials have advantage of having an optimized performance, minimized weight and volume, cost effectiveness, chemical resistance and resistance to biodegradation. The research in this paper is focused on sago particles with adhesive of low emission urea formaldehyde (UF) resin 51.6% solid content. The fabrication and testing method are based on JIS A 5908 standard. A single-layer particleboard by using the sago particles has been established at targeted density level 600kg/m3. Particles with weight fractions of 90%, 85%, 80%, 75% and 70% were used in the fabrication of sago composite boards. The results of the test demonstrated that the samples with different weight fraction and size have great influence on the mechanical properties like: MOR, screw test and internal bonding. The findings had demonstrated that the level of weight fraction and size had affects the performance of a board. At the next stage of the research the comparison between sago and wood particleboard will be carried out to identify the feasibility of these materials in the industrial application.
A Review: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Algorithms
Authors: Eddine Hadji Saif , Kazi Suhail , Howe Hing Tang , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Sultan
Published: April 2015

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) involves creating an environmental map based on sensor data, while concurrently keeping track of the robot’s current position. Efficient and accurate SLAM is crucial for any mobile robot to perform robust navigation. It is also the keystone for higher-level tasks such as path planning and autonomous navigation. The past two decades have seen rapid and exciting progress in solving the SLAM problem together with many compelling implementations of SLAM methods. In this paper, we will review the two common families of SLAM algorithms: Kalman filter with its variations and particle filters. This article complements other surveys in this ﬁeld by reviewing the representative algorithms and the state-of-the-art in each family. It clearly identifies the inherent relationship between the state estimation via the KF versus PF techniques, all of which are derivations of Bayes rule.
Corporate Default Prediction with AdaBoost and Bagging Classifiers
Authors: Ramakrishnan Suresh , Mirzaei Maryam , Bekri Mahmoud
Published: April 2015

This study aims to show a substitute technique to corporate default prediction. Data mining techniques have been extensively applied for this task, due to its ability to notice non-linear relationships and show a good performance in presence of noisy information, as it usually happens in corporate default prediction problems. In spite of several progressive methods that have widely been proposed, this area of research is not out dated and still needs further examination. In this paper, the performance of ensemble classifier systems is assessed in terms of their capability to appropriately classify default and non-default Malaysian firms listed in Bursa Malaysia. AdaBoost and Bagging are novel ensemble learning algorithms that construct the base classifiers in sequence using different versions of the training data set. In this paper, we compare the prediction accuracy of both techniques and single classifiers on a set of Malaysian firms, considering the usual predicting variables such as financial ratios. We show that our approach decreases the generalization error by about thirty percent with respect to the error produced with a single classifier.
Detecting Drowsy Driver Using Pulse Sensor
Authors: Abdul Rahim Herlina , Dalimi Ahmad , Jaafar Haliza
Published: April 2015

The driver’s condition, which involves staying focus on the road, is the most important aspect to consider whenever one is driving. To ignore the importance of this could result in severe physical injuries, deaths and economic losses. Again, previous researches were focused mainly on the physical conditions of the driver; eg movement of head and drowsiness. However, this research is focused on the driver’s heart rate by using an infrared heart-rate sensor or pulse sensor. These sensors are non-intrusively measured heart pulse wave from the driver’s heart. By doing experiment, the results show clear pulse wave signal can be obtained by looking at the low to high frequency (LF/HF ratio) which calculate HRV frequency domain of the driver’s heart rate time series. The LF/HF ratio shows decreasing trends as the drivers go from the state of being awake and alert to the state of drowsiness. Therefore, accidents can be avoided if there is an alert system to keep the drivers alert and focused on the road.
Mobile Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) Development for Liquid-Gas Flow Measurement
Authors: Kok Seong Chan , Pusppanathan Jaysuman , Abdul Rahim Ruzairi , Shaan-Li Susiapan Yvette , Aliah Phang Fatin , Rahiman Mohd Hafiz Fazalul , Awang Zubaidah , Ahmad Anita , Abdul Wahid Herman , Mohamad Elmy Johana , Ridzuan Aw Suzanna
Published: April 2015

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system is useful to obtain information on spatial distribution of dielectric material mixture inside a vessel. This paper discusses a sixteen-electrode mobile ECT sensing system which is developed non-invasively and non-intrusively.  Emphases on the software development aspects are presented in several sections; initialization part, normalization part, calibration part, hardware communication part and the image reconstruction part. Thus, the liquid-gas concentration profile of the ECT system is successfully acquired using the software developed.
The Application of WiFi-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Hill Slope Condition Monitoring
Authors: Md Yunus Mohd Amri , Ibrahim Sallehuddin , Md Khairi Mohd Taufiq , Faramarzi Mahdi
Published: April 2015

In this paper, a wireless sensor network for landslide monitoring (WSNLM) system is described. WSNLM utilized a wireless protocol which is 802.11g. The hardware structure of the WSNLM is discussed where the important parts had been discussed in details. In order to assess the susceptibility of a hill slope to landslide, several parameters had been considered for the network. The important factors that affect landslide is the ground status, which is soil moisture, vibration in the land and also soil temperature. Other factors that can relate to landslide is the environment of the surrounding such as air temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure. The outputs from the ADXL335 accelerometer were used for slope angle measurement. The output ofa vibration transducer was also used to monitor the hill slope. To account for the susceptibility of the hill slope to the land slide, safety factor value is calculated in real time. The outcomes show that the average moisture content in the soil is around 3 % on a sunny day and the safety factor for a sunny day is around 75. The moisture content in the soil on a rainy day increases tremendously to more than 20 %. At the same time, the safety factor drops to around 70. The system in this paper has the potential to be used as a useful tool for the detection of lanslides.
Permeate Flux Measurement and Prediction of Submerged Membrane Bioreactor Filtration Process Using Intelligent Techniques
Authors: Yusuf Zakariah , Abdul Wahab Norhaliza , Sahlan Shafishuhaza , Abdul Raof Abdul Halim
Published: April 2015

Recently, membrane technology has become more attractive particularly in solid-liquid separation process. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has found to be a reliable technology to replace the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process for water and wastewater treatment by adopting membrane filtration technology and bioreactor. However, numerous drawbacks arise when using membrane which includes high maintenance cost and fouling problem. An optimal MBR plant operation is needed to be determined in order to reduce fouling and at the same time reduce the cost of running the MBR. It is crucial to have a reliable MBR filtration prediction that can measure and predict the filtration dynamic performance especially the effect of fouling to the filtration and cleaning operations. With this prediction tool, suitable action can be taken to improve the operation in order to find the optimum setting of the filtration process. This paper presents the permeate flux measurement and prediction development for submerged membrane filtration process. Three input filtration parameters were used to predict the permeate flux in the filtration process. This work  employed feed forward artificial neural network (FFNN) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for the prediction purpose. The permeate flux prediction method was developed using operation settings such as aeration airflow, suction pump voltage and transmembrane pressure (TMP) under schedule relaxation condition.  The result shows that FFNN method gives better performance compared with RBFNN method in terms of accuracy and reliability.
The Used of Infrared Sensor for 3D Image Reconstruction
Authors: Daud Siti Asmah , Mahmood Nasrul Humaimi , Pei Ling Leow , Che Harun Fauzan Khairi
Published: April 2015

In this paper, new development of a sensor rig device with infrared sensors is used to reconstruct the 3D image of an object’s surfaces. Five sensors have been used to acquire data that measure distance from the object and sensors. A stepper motor controls the object rotation with 2 degrees per turn. A few objects such as tulip, curvilinear, flower and star shape have been selected for data collection, and the results proved that this sensor rig device is capable of reconstruct a 3D image of an object’s surface. A prosthetic model with distinct size in diameter was tested to prove that this device is capable of measuring distance with different size. From the results obtained, this sensor rig device shows a capability to reconstruct 3D image of an object surfaces with simple post processing technique. A prosthetic object was tested and results show that the accuracy was around 75%.
Comparison of Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) Performance Parameter Between Modelling and Simulation Results and Manufacturer Datasheet For HZ-20 & HZ-14
Authors: Abd Hamid Zamir Noor , Abdul Wahab Norhaliza , M Ali M. Sultan , Rahim R. A. , Yunos M. Amri
Published: April 2015

Currently, bio-medical and automotive industries use thermoelectric module to reproduce electrical energy from wasted heat energy. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) modeling and simulation will be hashed out further in this  paper to achieve improvement. Finite element method (FEM) model, circuit equivalent model and mathematical/computer model are various methods employed to model the thermo-electric generator. Analysis of FEM modeling requires a high tier of knowledge of an engineer in material engineering. The circuit equivalent model uses the electrical circuit analogy to describe heat transfer and electrical behavior in TEG. In this work, the mathematical derivation of circuit equivalent model is used in computer models by using Simulink (Matlab). The result of the computer model can be an alternative model for electrical or electronics engineers to improve TEG performance in the future.