bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una propuesta de sabotaje: Luisa Valenzuela y sus reflexiones de escritora
Authors: Calafell Sala Nùria
Published: December 2016

El presente trabajo es un análisis del libro de reflexiones de Luisa Valenzuela, Peligrosas palabras, publicado en el año 2001 como una recopilación de textos nacidos al calor de charlas, conferencias y ponencias a congresos, y que pronto se revela como un complemento más a su producción ficcional. Partiendo de una metodología de trabajo contaminante, que busca poner en diálogo las teorías en torno a la subalternidad, cierto feminismo de lo excéntrico y la crítica como sabotaje, a lo largo de este artículo se estudiarán las significaciones que el ser mujer escritora en la actualidad tienen en el universo escritural de Luisa Valenzuela.
Dianas y amazonas: pervivencia y transformación del mito en la poesía argentina contemporánea
Authors: Néspolo Jimena
Published: December 2016

El culto a Diana/Artemisa puede rastrearse a lo largo de las épocas en heteróclitas fuentes. El estudio de este mito, donde la virginidad fecundable y la maternidad se mantienen en suspenso, permite trazar perspicaces proyecciones sobre el trasfondo doctrinal del judeo-cristianismo y su singular reapropiación por parte del barroco americano. En esta presentación, se abordarán algunos textos del siglo XX, como Árbol de Diana (1962) de Alejandra Pizarnik, Danzante de doble máscara (1985) y Eroica (1988) de Diana Bellessi, a fin de observar la particular modulación que adquiere el mito ginecocrático de Diana, la cazadora, en la escena poética argentina.
El art-narcó arquitectónico y el arte de citar
Authors: Corona Ignacio
Published: December 2016

Desde finales de la década de los ochenta, el término narcoarquitectura comenzó a emplearse en el contexto mexicano implicando un incuestionable poder referencial o denotativo. La evidencia fotográfica ofrecida por Guadalajara, Jalisco, ciudad integrada desde hace varias décadas a circuitos económicos del narcotráfico, e inclusive sede de la fundación de cárteles, parece refutar lo establecido para sugerir otros esquemas interpretativos.
La trama de la droga: migraciones y representaciones en la crónica Si me querés, quéreme transa, de Cristián Alarcón
Authors: Cellino Regina Vanesa
Published: December 2016

En Si me querés, quereme transa (2010), Cristian Alarcón organiza la trama que une la villa, la violencia y el narcotráfico en Villa del Señor, Argentina. En este artículo, indagaremos en una serie de relaciones —económicas, culturales y sociales— que se despliegan en la crónica a partir de las voces de los propios protagonistas, especialmente, los vínculos entre lo rural y lo urbano, las migraciones, y las representaciones que desde el melodrama al gore se configuran en torno a la lógica de la droga. Analizaremos principalmente dichas articulaciones a partir de la figura de la transa Alcira.
Reseña: "Subculturas del narcotráfico en América Latina. Realidades geoeconómicas y geopolíticas y la representación sociocultural de una nueva ética y estética en Colombia, México y Brasil" de Nelson González-Ortega (comp.)
Authors: Madí Besalú Pol
Published: December 2016

RESEÑA: Subculturas del narcotráfico en América Latina. Realidades geoeconómicas y geopolíticas y la representación sociocultural de una nueva ética y estética en Colombia, México y BrasilNelson González-Ortega (comp.).Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad de Oslo, 2015.306 páginas.
Representación literaria del narcotráfico en tres novelas sobre ciudad Juárez
Authors: Olvera Neder Ramón Gerónimo
Published: December 2016

El artículo aborda la forma en que aparece representado el narcotráfico y la violencia en tres novelas que tienen como marco ciudad Juárez. Estas son Territorios impunes de Alfredo Espinosa, Policía de ciudad Juárez de Miguel Ángel Chávez y A vuelta de rueda tras la muerte de Ricardo Vigueras. Se analizan desde tres categorías conceptuales: Miradas sobre la ciudad, frontera y feminicidio, estado de excepción, muerte y espectáculo. Se hace énfasis en cómo el narcotráfico, además de ser un negocio vinculado a la violencia, es parte fundamental del imaginario social y esto se refleja en el texto literario.
Transgresión y autorreferencia. Un acercamiento etnográfico al disfrute de narcocorridos desde una ciudad del norte de México
Authors: Armenta Iruretagoyena Ferdinando Alfonso
Published: December 2016

El siguiente artículo aborda la manera en que las personas se apropian de las representaciones del narcotráfico desde la música. El ciclo de producción de la música comercial se sintetiza en el consumo, ya que es en el disfrute de los escuchas que se cumple gran parte de su cometido. Sin embargo, quienes asisten a eventos musicales donde se tocan narcocorridos, no necesariamente concuerdan con el mundo de vida de los narcotraficantes. A través de un registro etnográfico de espacios donde se tocan narcocorridos en Mexicali, México, atenderé a la pregunta sobre qué hace disfrutable a la narcomúsica.
“El Pablote”: una nueva mirada al primer corrido dedicado a un traficante de drogas
Authors: Ramirez Pimienta Juan Carlos
Published: December 2016

Si bien la  narcocultura se asocia con el México de finales del siglo xx e inicios del xxi, este fenómeno cultural tiene sus raíces en las primeras décadas del siglo xx. El presente ensayo explora los origines de la narcocultura haciendo una revisión del que probablemente sea el primer narcocorrido. “El Pablote”, fue grabado en 1931 y dedicado al narcotraficante de Ciudad Juárez Pablo González, conocido como Pablote así como el rey de la morfina en Ciudad Juárez.
Daño social y cultura del narcotráfico en México: Estudio de representaciones sociales en Sinaloa y Michoacán
Authors: Moreno Candil David , Burgos Dávila César Jesús , Valdez Batiz Jairo Eli
Published: December 2016

El presente estudio tuvo la finalidad de explorar la representación social del narcotráfico en dos ciudades mexicanas que se han caracterizado por la presencia de esta actividad ilícita: Culiacán, en Sinaloa y Apatzingán, en Michoacán. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Objetivación y Valoración del Narcotráfico a 240 sujetos para explorar el contenido y estructura de la representación. Los resultados indican que la representación social del narcotráfico se organiza a partir de dos categorías: manifestaciones culturales y daños sociales del narcotráfico. Pese a la coincidencia en el contenido, se encontraron diferencias en la estructura de la representación social en cada contexto.
El macrotexto poético: claves para su determinación metodológica
Authors: Arlandis López Sergio
Published: December 2016

Toda metodología está llamada a abrir nuevos horizontes de lectura a quienes se acercan a leer poesía con mayor o menor intención analítica. Sin embargo, curiosamente dichos métodos han dejado de lado, en buena parte, a una realidad compositiva altamente demostrada y recurrente: los macrotextos poéticos. Se propone en este breve trabajo dar algunas de las claves metodológicas y terminológicas para analizarlos con cierta atención y profundidad, entendiendo, además, que este tipo de libros abundan en la literatura hispanoamericana a pesar de la escasa atención recibida. Sin la pretensión de querer establecer aquí un corpus poético suficientemente relevante, hemos querido aplicar, de manera orientativa, nuestras indicaciones en el análisis y lectura de un libro del poeta mexicano Jaime Labastida: Elogio de la luz y de la sombra.
Narcocultura y signos de transfronterización en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Ganter Solis Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

El artículo busca explorar las interacciones entre narcocultura, las dinámicas de apropiación local de dicho estilo de vida y los procesos de transfronterización que se ponen en juego en este campo de relaciones. Se indaga, además, en las posibles confluencias entre dicho estilo y la configuración del Chile actual. Para este propósito, se analiza el caso de una población histórica ubicada en el centro de la ciudad de Santiago y fuertemente ocupada por bandas de narcotraficantes. Con el objeto de ilustrar y problematizar, se narran dos escenas rituales propias de la cotidianidad del mundo narco en el territorio, lo que aquí llamamos narco-funerales y narco-fiestas. La metodología de investigación se sustentó en una perspectiva etnográfica, cuyo trabajo de campo se desarrolló entre los años 2006 y 2009.
Introducción: Lo narco como modelo cultural. Una apropiación transcontinental
Authors: Santos Danilo , Vásquez Mejías Ainhoa Montserrat , Urgelles Ingrid
Published: December 2016

Introducción: "Lo narco como modelo cultural. Una apropiación transcontinental"
Žemės dirbimo intensyvumo įtaka vandentalpai, vandens potencialui ir deficitui kukurūzų agrocenozėje
Authors: Sinkevičienė Aušra , Romaneckas Kęstutis , Adamavičienė Aida , Kimbirauskienė Rasa , Jurčiukonis Tomas
Published: December 2016

Lauko eksperimentas įrengtas 1988 m. tuometinėje Lietuvos žemės ūkio akademijos Bandymų stotyje. Eksperimentas atliktas 4 pakartojimais. Iš viso buvo 20 laukelių. Eksperimento variantų laukeliai išdėstyti rendomizuotai. Augalų rotacija eksperimente: 1) vasariniai rapsai; 2) žieminiai kviečiai; 3) kukurūzai; 4) vasariniai miežiai.
Pagrindinio žemės dirbimo supaprastinimas ir tiesioginė sėja į neįdirbtą dirvą neturėjo esminės įtakos dirvožemio tankiui. Viršutiniame (5– 10 cm) ir viduriniame (15–20 cm) dirvožemio sluoksniuose supaprastinti žemės dirbimai neturėjo esminės įtakos bendrajam poringumui ir porų pasiskirstymui, palyginti su tradiciniu žemės dirbimu. Giliausiame (30– 35 cm) tirtame dirvožemio sluoksnyje visi supaprastinti žemės dirbimai neturėjo esminės įtakos bendrajam poringumui. Didinat siurbimo jėgą didžiausias drėgmės kiekis dirvožemio 5–10 ir 15–20 cm sluoksniuose nustatytas taikant gilųjį purenimą ir tiesioginę sėją į neįdirbtą dirvą, palyginti su tradiciniu žemės dirbimu. Giliausiame (30–35 cm) tirtame dirvožemio sluoksnyje didžiausias drėgmės kiekis nustatytas sekliai purentuose laukeliuose.
Nenukirsto miško kainodara Lietuvoje
Authors: Mizaras Stasys , Lukminė Diana
Published: December 2016

Po nepriklausomybės atkūrimo (1990) buvo sukurtas ir patvirtintas valstybinio nenukirsto miško kainininkas, tačiau dabar jis nevisiškai atitinka pasikeitusią miškų ūkio situaciją. Daugiausia nenukirsto miško parduodama privačiuose miškuose, o galiojantis kainininkas skirtas tik keliems procentams iš valstybinių miškų parduodamos medienos. Pasikeitė ir parduodamos medienos sortimentinė klasifikacija. Tad aktualu tobulinti nenukirsto miško kainodarą.
Tyrimų tikslas – įvertinti nenukirsto miško kainodarą Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje įvertintas galiojančių Lietuvos valstybinių miškų nenukirsto miško kainų atitikimas apvaliosios medienos rinkos kainoms, nustatytas realių nenukirsto miško pardavimo sandorių rezultatų prieinamumas, išaiškintos įvairių nenukirsto miško kainos skaičiavimo modelių pritaikymo Lietuvos miškų ūkyje galimybės, įvertinti nenukirsto miško kainas lemiantys veiksniai.
Nustatytos galimos nenukirsto miško kainodaros tobulinimo Lietuvoje kryptys: 1) nenukirsto miško kainų nustatymas pagal parduodamos apvaliosios medienos sortimentinę struktūrą; 2) apibendrinta nenukirsto miško kainų ir pagrindinių jas lemiančių veiksnių statistika; 3)  nenukirsto miško sandorių požymių registravimo sistemos sukūrimas; 4) nenukirsto miško sandorių požymių metodo taikymas.
As El Niño builds, Pacific Warm Pool expands, ocean gains more heat
Authors: Johnson Gregory C. , Birnbaum Abigail N.
Published: December 2016

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects substantial redistributions of ocean temperature, both horizontal and vertical, on interannual time scales, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Analyses of monthly Argo‐based ocean temperature maps illustrate large‐scale ocean heat content redistributions with ENSO. They quantify a globally averaged sea surface temperature warming of ~0.1°C with a 1°C increase of the Niño3.4 index (a moderate El Niño), a substantial perturbation to the 0.13°C decade−1 trend in sea surface temperature. Monthly satellite‐based estimates of Earth's energy imbalance suggest that a 1°C increase of the Niño3.4 index corresponds to an increase of ~3.4 ZJ in Earth's energy storage, more gently modulating the longer‐term ~114 ZJ decade−1 trend. Yearly global ocean heat content estimates based on ocean temperature data, with their reduced uncertainties compared to monthly maps, reveal interannual variations in Earth's energy storage that correspond well with satellite‐based estimates.
Geographical differences in the tropical precipitation‐moisture relationship and rain intensity onset
Authors: Ahmed Fiaz , Schumacher Courtney
Published: December 2016

In this study, we show that the well‐documented exponential increase in the precipitation‐water vapor (P‐r) curve over tropical oceans also applies to tropical land but that the land curve starts its exponential increase at smaller values of column moisture than over ocean. We demonstrate that daytime surface heating contributes to this characteristic shape of the land P‐r curves. There is also significant geographical variation in the shape of the P‐r curve within land and ocean regions, with the Amazon, the Maritime Continent, and the eastern edges of oceans as distinct outliers. We further show that convective and stratiform rain intensities exhibit a pickup that is separate from the corresponding rain areas in the tropical P‐r curve while shallow convective rain has a yet another pickup. These variations of the P‐r curve characteristics likely represent geographical variations of environmental controls on storm life cycle.
Space Weather Research: Indian perspective
Authors: Bhardwaj Anil , Pant Tarun Kumar , Choudhary R. K. , Nandy Dibyendu , Manoharan P. K.
Published: December 2016

Space weather, just like its meteorological counterpart, is of extreme importance when it comes to its impact on terrestrial near‐ and far‐space environments. In recent years, space weather research has acquired an important place as a thrust area of research having implications both in space science and technology. The presence of satellites and other technological systems from different nations in near‐Earth space necessitates that one must have a comprehensive understanding not only of the origin and evolution of space weather processes but also of their impact on technology and terrestrial upper atmosphere. To address this aspect, nations across the globe including India have been investing in research concerning Sun, solar processes and their evolution from solar interior into the interplanetary space, and their impact on Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system. In India, over the years, a substantial amount of work has been done in each of these areas by various agencies/institutions. In fact, India has been, and continues to be, at the forefront of space research and has ambitious future programs concerning these areas encompassing space weather. This review aims at providing a glimpse of this Indian perspective on space weather research to the reader and presenting an up‐to‐date status of the same.
Ag/Ag2S Nanocrystals for High Sensitivity Near‐Infrared Luminescence Nanothermometry
Authors: Ruiz Diego , del Rosal Blanca , Acebrón María , Palencia Cristina , Sun Chen , Cabanillas‐González Juan , López‐Haro Miguel , Hungría Ana B. , Jaque Daniel , Juarez Beatriz H.
Published: December 2016

Temperature sensing in biological media (cells, tissues, and living organisms) has become essential in the development of the last generation of diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Thermometry can be used for early detection of different diseases, such as cancer, stroke, or inflammation processes, one of whose incipient symptoms is the appearance of localized temperature singularities. Luminescence nanothermometry, as a tool to accurately provide temperature sensing in biological media, requires the rational design and development of nanothermometers operating in the second biological window. In this work, this is achieved using Ag/Ag2S nanocrystals as multiparametric thermal sensing probes. Temperature sensing with remarkably high sensitivity (4% °C−1) is possible through intensity‐based measurements, as their infrared emission is strongly quenched by small temperature variations within the biological range (15–50 °C). Heating also results in a remarkable redshift of the emission band, which allows for concentration‐independent temperature sensing based on infrared ratiometric measurements, with thermal sensitivity close to 2% °C−1. These results make Ag/Ag2S nanocrystals the most sensitive among all noncomposite nanothermometers operating in the second biological window reported so far, allowing for deep‐tissue temperature measurements with low uncertainty (0.2 °C).
Broadband High‐Responsivity Photodetectors Based on Large‐Scale Topological Crystalline Insulator SnTe Ultrathin Film Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Jiang Tian , Zang Yunyi , Sun Honghui , Zheng Xin , Liu Yu , Gong Yan , Fang Liang , Cheng Xiang'ai , He Ke
Published: December 2016

SnTe is a kind of topological crystalline insulator (TCI) that possesses spin‐polarized, Dirac‐dispersive surface states protected by crystal symmetry, unlike topological insulators (TIs) with time‐reversal symmetry. TCIs can also exhibit a wide range of physical properties such as magnetism, superconductivity, and ferromagnetism, which are tunable by doping, straining, and alloying. Despite great progress in the synthesis and applications of TCIs, it remains a considerable challenge to prepare large‐scale ultrathin TCI films with high quality. Here, we report a controllable approach for the production of wafer‐scale SnTe thin films (5 mm × 2 mm) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A highly efficient photoconductive detector based on the as‐prepared SnTe films features a fast and stable photoresponse from the visible to the mid‐infrared range (405 nm–3.8 µm). Moreover, the photodetector shows a relatively high responsivity (3.75 AW−1 at 2003 nm at room temperature). These results give a guideline for studying the intrinsic properties of TCIs and optimizing these devices for broadband and sensitive optoelectronic applications.
The Fine Line between a Two‐Phase and Solid‐Solution Phase Transformation and Highly Mobile Phase Interfaces in Spinel Li4+xTi5O12
Authors: Ganapathy Swapna , Vasileiadis Alexandros , Heringa Jouke R. , Wagemaker Marnix
Published: December 2016

Phase transitions play a crucial role in Li‐ion battery electrodes being decisive for both the power density and cycle life. The kinetic properties of phase transitions are relatively unexplored and the nature of the phase transition in defective spinel Li4+xTi5O12 introduces a controversy as the very constant (dis)charge potential, associated with a first‐order phase transition, appears to contradict the exceptionally high rate performance associated with a solid–solution reaction. With the present density functional theory study, a microscopic mechanism is put forward that provides deeper insight in this intriguing and technologically relevant material. The local substitution of Ti with Li in the spinel Li4+xTi5O12 lattice stabilizes the phase boundaries that are introduced upon Li‐ion insertion. This facilitates a subnanometer phase coexistence in equilibrium, which although very similar to a solid solution should be considered a true first‐order phase transition. The resulting interfaces are predicted to be very mobile due to the high mobility of the Li ions located at the interfaces. This highly mobile, almost liquid‐like, subnanometer phase morphology is able to respond very fast to nonequilibrium conditions during battery operation, explaining the excellent rate performance in combination with a first‐order phase transition.
Assessing the Options: Go for an Interim Emergency Award? Or a Temporary Restraining Order Issued by a Court?
Authors: Hochberg Faith S.
Published: December 2016

“Go to court? Or not to court?” Those are the questions, with apologies to the late great bard.
CPR News
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: December 2016

Registration is open, and the agenda has been announced for the 2017 International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution Annual Meeting, set for March 2‐4 in Coral Gables, Fla.
Proposed CFPB Arbitration Rule Faces Multiple Obstacles
Authors: Kaplinsky Alan S.
Published: December 2016

Among its post‐election analysis articles, the Wall Street Journal reported that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is pushing to finalize its arbitration rule before Donald Trump's inauguration on Jan. 20. Andrew Ackerman, Financial Regulators Scramble to Complete Postcrisis Rules, Wall Street Journal (Nov. 21)(available at http://on.wsj.com/2ga40dJ).
Seeing Arbitration through Quaker Eyes
Authors: Phillips F. Peter
Published: December 2016

Arbitration's early uses date from disputes between merchants, but also include arbitration processes between members of religious bodies. And, like mercantile conflicts, the standards that religious arbitrators were called to apply were not broadly recognized legal principles, but rather the narrow and distinct expectations uniquely shared by members of the community from which the conflicts arose. Participants sought to enforce community standards, not legal principles.
Coming to Grips with Disgust
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: December 2016

Yuck! Disgusting! Revolting! Disgust is primal.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Branched Amides
Authors: Wu Zhao , Laffoon Joshua D. , Nguyen Trang T. , McAlpin Jacob D. , Hull Kami L.
Published: December 2016

A general asymmetric route for the one‐step synthesis of chiral β‐branched amides is reported through the highly enantioselective isomerization of allylamines, followed by enamine exchange, and subsequent oxidation. The enamine exchange allows for a rapid and modular synthesis of various amides, including challenging β‐diaryl and β‐cyclic.
THz‐Spektroskopie erlaubt Rückschlüsse auf die Wasserdynamik und die Lage einer flüssig‐flüssig‐binodalen Grenze in wässrigen CaCO3‐Lösungen
Authors: Sebastiani Federico , Wolf Stefan L. P. , Born Benjamin , Luong Trung Quan , Cölfen Helmut , Gebauer Denis , Havenith Martina
Published: December 2016

Viele Naturphänomene hängen mit der Nukleation von CaCO3 zusammen, wobei die Rolle des Wassers bis jetzt weitgehend unklar war. Änderungen in der Absorption im THz‐Frequenzbereich während der frühen Stadien der CaCO3‐Nukleation belegen Veränderungen in den gekoppelten Bewegungen der hydratisierten Calcium‐ und Carbonat‐Ionen. Der direkte Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Effekten und der kontinuierlichen Entwicklung des Ionenaktivitätsproduktes zeigt die Lage einer flüssig‐flüssig‐binodalen Grenze. Die Daten lassen stark darauf schließen, dass sich proto‐strukturiertes, amorphes CaCO3 über die Verfestigung von anfänglich flüssigen Vorstufen bildet. Außerdem erhöhen Polycarboxylate, die flüssige Vorstufen von CaCO3 stabilisieren, die kinetische Stabilität des metastabilen flüssig‐flüssigen Zustands signifikant, aber sie beeinflussen nicht die Lage der binodalen Grenze. Die mechanistische Bedeutung der Dynamik von Wassernetzwerken bei der Phasentrennung kann als alternativer Weg der Nukleation über Pränukleationscluster rationalisiert werden und ist wahrscheinlich allgemein für wässrige Systeme gültig.
Von der Zusammensetzung zur Heilung: ein systemtechnischer Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Trägern für Tumortherapeutika
Authors: MacEwan Sarah R. , Chilkoti Ashutosh
Published: December 2016

Die molekulare Komplexität und Heterogenität von Krebs ist ein ungelöstes Problem bei der Entwicklung von Tumortherapeutika. Zwar konzentriert die pharmazeutische Industrie den Großteil ihrer Forschungen auf die Entwicklung neuer Wirkstoffe, ein alternativer Ansatz besteht aber darin, die Verabreichung vorhandener Wirkstoffe mithilfe von Wirkstoff‐Trägern zu verbessern. Für die Behandlung solider Tumoren stehen systemisch verabreichte Wirkstoff‐Träger vor erheblichen Hürden, die auf die pathophysiologischen Barrieren zurückzuführen sind, die zwischen der Verabreichungsstelle und dem Ort ihrer therapeutischen Wirkung im Tumor liegen. Darüber hinaus bestehen noch zusätzliche Hürden bezüglich der Translation der Wirkstoffe von der präklinischen Untersuchung zu ihrer klinischen Zulassung und Übernahme in die klinische Praxis. Die Überwindung dieser vielfältigen Hürden macht einen systemtechnischen Ansatz erforderlich, um eine bessere rationale Entwicklung optimierter Träger zu ermöglichen, die eine realistische Aussicht auf die Translation vom Labor zum Patienten haben.
From Composition to Cure: A Systems Engineering Approach to Anticancer Drug Carriers
Authors: MacEwan Sarah R. , Chilkoti Ashutosh
Published: December 2016

The molecular complexity and heterogeneity of cancer has led to a persistent, and as yet unsolved, challenge to develop cures for this disease. The pharmaceutical industry focuses the bulk of its efforts on the development of new drugs, but an alternative approach is to improve the delivery of existing drugs with drug carriers that can manipulate when, where, and how a drug exerts its therapeutic effect. For the treatment of solid tumors, systemically delivered drug carriers face significant challenges that are imposed by the pathophysiological barriers that lie between their site of administration and their site of therapeutic action in the tumor. Furthermore, drug carriers face additional challenges in their translation from preclinical validation to clinical approval and adoption. Addressing this diverse network of challenges requires a systems engineering approach for the rational design of optimized carriers that have a realistic prospect for translation from the laboratory to the patient.
Oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of heterogenized complex catalytic systems based on ionic liquid‐type substituted zirconium phenolates
Authors: Khamiyev M.J. , Azizov A.H. , Khanmetov A.A. , Alieva R.V.
Published: December 2016

The oligomerization of ethylene was investigated in the presence of novel catalytic systems consisting of alkylaluminium chlorides and heterogenized zirconium phenolates containing amino and imino hydrochloride substituents. It was determined that the composition of a synthesized oligomer and the activity or selectivity of the catalyst systems depend on various parameters such as the molar ratio of Zr:Al, the composition of alkylaluminium, the temperature of the reaction, the pressure of ethylene and the structure of zirconium phenolates. The results showed that C4‐C10 linear α‐olefins were obtained with high selectivity when diethylaluminium chloride was used as a co‐catalyst. The process of the separation of a synthesized oligomer from the catalyst containing amino and imino hydrochloride ionic liquid substituents was carried out by simple decantation, and after this process zirconium complexes could be reused several times for successive ethylene oligomerizations.
Universal Ni‐Mo‐Mg catalysts combined with carbon blacks for the preparation of carbon nanotubes from polyolefins
Authors: Cui Jinxian , Tan Shengnan , Song Rongjun
Published: December 2016

Plastics used as carbon source present a sustainable and environmentally benign route for the preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs); however, the current catalysts basically take effect on a certain type of plastics. Herein, a significantly universal carbonization performance of Ni‐Mo‐Mg catalysts has been created for polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and their blends with the highest CNT yields of 26.24%, 28.36%, 18.39%, and 31.66%. With the further introduction of a universal synergistic agent (nanosized carbon black), the maximum CNT yields of 53.56%, 65.95%, 41.85%, and 59.83% from PP, PE, PS, and their blends were achieved, respectively. The morphology, microstructure, and the graphitization of above CNTs were measured by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope. Results demonstrated that the addition of carbon black could further improve the morphology of CNTs and enhance the graphitization of CNTs. Within three polyolefins, the PS offered the highest graphitization of CNTs. Finally, the highly universal carbonization performance of Ni‐Mo‐Mg catalysts and the universal synergistic effect were also discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44647.
Discovery of Bisindole as a Novel Scaffold for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors
Authors: Jing Changcheng , Li Ziyan , Jia Kaili , Chen Chen , Liu Xiao , Wang Beibei , Hu Wenhao , Li Jia , Zhu Tong , Dong Suzhen
Published: December 2016

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been proposed to be an effective target for the treatment of both type II diabetes and obesity. However, no PTP1B inhibitor has come into clinic application. Herein, we report mixed 3,3′‐bisindoles as novel PTP1B inhibitors with low micromole‐ranged inhibitory activity. The best active compound 9f inhibited PTP1B activity with an IC50 of 2.79 µM. Meanwhile, it had low cytotoxicity and enhanced glucose uptake in vitro. Further studies demonstrated that some of these active compounds had a specific selectivity over other PTPs. Computational analysis further showed the binding mode of compound 9f with the active pocket of PTP1B. Our studies provide a novel scaffold for further development of more promising PTP1B inhibitors and potential drugs for type II diabetes and obesity.
BRDF and its Impact on Aerial Archaeological Photography
Authors: Verhoeven Geert
Published: December 2016

Despite the arguments in favour of oblique photographs acquired during observer‐directed reconnaissance sorties, many aerial archaeologists have extracted much valuable information from verticals generated during total coverage mapping surveys. This paper looks at one of these arguments: the issue of anisotropic surface reflectance, which is responsible for the allegedly superior rendering of (mainly) vegetation and shadow marks when observed from certain oblique viewpoints. However, after a theoretical and practical assessment of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of vegetation, it becomes clear that nadir views provide a more than satisfying alternative to the extremes of an oblique approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Mortality in a Multinational Systemic Sclerosis Inception Cohort
Authors: Hao Yanjie , Hudson Marie , Baron Murray , Carreira Patricia , Stevens Wendy , Rabusa Candice , Tatibouet Solene , Carmona Loreto , Joven Beatriz E. , Huq Molla , Proudman Susanna , Nikpour Mandana ,   the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group,   the Australian Scleroderma Interest Group
Published: December 2016

Objective

To determine mortality and causes of death in a multinational inception cohort of subjects with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

We quantified mortality as standardized mortality ratio (SMR), years of life lost, and percentage mortality in the first decade of disease. The inception cohort comprised subjects recruited within 4 years of disease onset. For comparison, we used a prevalent cohort, which included all subjects irrespective of disease duration at recruitment. We determined a single primary cause of death (SSc related or non–SSc related) using a standardized case report form, and we evaluated predictors of mortality using multivariable Cox regression.

Results

In the inception cohort of 1,070 subjects, there were 140 deaths (13%) over a median follow‐up of 3.0 years (interquartile range 1.0–5.1 years), with a pooled SMR of 4.06 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.39–4.85), up to 22.4 years of life lost in women and up to 26.0 years of life lost in men, and mortality in the diffuse disease subtype of 24.2% at 8 years. In the prevalent cohort of 3,218 subjects, the pooled SMR was lower at 3.39 (95% CI 3.06–3.71). In the inception cohort, 62.1% of the primary causes of death were SSc related. Malignancy, sepsis, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease were the most common non–SSc‐related causes of death. Predictors of early mortality included male sex, older age at disease onset, diffuse disease subtype, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and renal crisis.

Conclusion

Early mortality in SSc is substantial, and prevalent cohorts underestimate mortality in SSc by failing to capture early deaths, particularly in men and those with diffuse disease.
High‐Titer Rheumatoid Arthritis Antibodies Preferentially Bind Fibrinogen Citrullinated by Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4
Authors: Blachère Nathalie E. , Parveen Salina , Frank Mayu O. , Dill Brian D. , Molina Henrik , Orange Dana E.
Published: December 2016

Objective

Most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) harbor antibodies to citrullinated autoantigens such as citrullinated fibrinogen. Two isoforms of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), PAD type 2 (PAD2) and PAD4, which catalyze citrullination with different substrate specificities, can be detected in the synovium of RA patients. This study was undertaken to determine whether RA antibodies preferentially bind PAD2‐ or PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen.

Methods

RA patient and normal donor plasma specimens were tested for binding to PAD2‐ or PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen, native fibrinogen, or citrullinated fibrinogen peptides in various dilutions by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Bands corresponding to masses demonstrating RA antibody reactivity by Western blotting were excised and analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Results

At low antibody titers (1:40 and 1:100), there was no significant difference between RA antibody reactivity to PAD2‐ and PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen. When plasma was further diluted to 1:250 and 1:1,000, RA patient plasma bound PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen significantly more than PAD2‐citrullinated fibrinogen, as measured by ELISA and Western blotting. An increased antibody titer was associated with increased avidity for both PAD2‐ and PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen. Both enzymes hypercitrullinated fibrinogen, but PAD4 citrullinated arginines more intermittently, generating a mix of citrullinated and noncitrullinated arginines. Peptide ELISA and preadsorption assays confirmed that the region of intermittent citrullination accounts for the majority of RA antibody binding to the β‐chain of citrullinated fibrinogen.

Conclusion

At high titers, RA antibodies preferentially bind fibrinogen modified by PAD4, because intermittent citrullination offers a more diverse assortment of citrullinated epitopes.
High Power Efficiency Blue‐to‐Green Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Isonicotinonitrile‐Based Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Onuma Natsuki , Nagai Yuji , Ito Takashi , Kido Junji
Published: December 2016

Herein, 9,10‐dihydro‐9,9‐dimethylacridine (Ac) or phenoxazine (PXZ)‐substituted isonicotinonitrile (INN) derivatives, denoted as 2AcINN, 26AcINN, and 26PXZINN, were developed as a series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. These emitters showed reasonably high photoluminescence quantum yields of 71–79 % in the host films and high power efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Sky‐blue emitter 26AcINN exhibited a low turn‐on voltage of 2.9 V, a high external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 22 %, and a high power efficiency (ηp) of 66 lm W−1 with Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.22, 0.45), whereas green emitter 26PXZINN exhibited a low turn‐on voltage of 2.2 V, a high ηext of 22 %, and a high ηp of 99 lm W−1 with CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.37, 0.58). These performances are among the best for TADF OLEDs to date.
Differential Accumulation of Volatile Organic Compounds by Leaves and Roots of Two Guianese Philodendron Species, P. fragrantissimum Kunth and P. melinonii Brongn.
Authors: Joffard Nina , Legendre Laurent , Gibernau Marc , Pascal Laurence
Published: December 2016

Leaf and root essential oils of two closely related but ecologically distant Philodendron species were extracted in natural conditions in French Guiana and analysed by GC/MS to i) describe the blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by those species and ii) analyse species and environment‐based variations in extracts composition. A total of 135 VOCs were detected with a majority of aliphatic sesquiterpenes. P. fragrantissimum produced mainly β‐bisabolene (on average 29.12% of the extract) as well as α‐ and β‐selinene (14.52% and 17.50%, respectively) while in P. melinonii, four aliphatic sesquiterpenes could alternatively be the main component: (E)‐β‐farnesene (up to 91.42% of the extract), germacrene‐D (73.74%), β‐caryophyllene (51.63%) and trans‐α‐bergamotene (41.26%). A significant effect of species and organs on extracts composition was observed while the environment (sun exposure) only affected the relative proportions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in roots of P. melinonii. These results are discussed in the light of the potential role of leaf and root terpenes in Philodendron species.
Species Specificity of Aldehyde and Fatty Acid Profiles of Four Family Group Representatives within the Insect Infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: Tomčala Aleš , Jirošová Anna , Žáček Petr , Kaušková Markéta , Hovorka Oldřich , Koutek Bohumír
Published: December 2016

Reactive α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, including 4‐oxoalk‐2‐enals, are known to be present in volatile secretions of numerous heteropteran insect species. Because the aldehydes are likely to originate from metabolism of fatty acids (FAs), the present study aimed to examine and compare the aldehyde and FA profiles of four model heteropteran species. The model species consisted of adult family group representatives within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): seed bug (Lygaeus equestris (Lygaeoidea)), dock leaf bug (Coreus marginatus (Coreoidea)), red firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus (Pyrrhocoroidea)), and European stink bug (Graphosoma lineatum (Pentatomoidea)). Solid‐phase microextraction combined with two‐dimensional gas‐chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to establish the profiles of volatile secretions in stressed living insects. The FA profiles of acylglyceride and phospholipid fractions deposited in fat body and/or hemolymph were obtained by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection techniques. Our results based on multivariate statistical analyses of the data imply that volatile secretion blends as well as fat body and/or hemolymph lipid profiles are species specific but the differences in volatile blends between different species do not mirror the changes in corresponding fat body and/or hemolymph lipid profiles of stressed and non‐stressed individuals.
Pulmonary and tricuspid valvuloplasty in carcinoid heart disease
Authors: Karimi Ashkan , Pourafshar Negiin , Fudge James C.
Published: December 2016

A 26‐year‐old female with carcinoid heart disease consisting of severe pulmonary and tricuspid valve stenosis was admitted with line associated sepsis. She recovered from sepsis with antibiotics and aggressive fluid resuscitation but became grossly volume overloaded with evidence of tense ascites and lower extremity edema. She developed worsening renal and hepatic function due to congestive nephropathy and hepatopathy, which did not respond to intravenous diuretics, and she was deemed too sick for surgical pulmonary and tricuspid valve replacement. Pulmonary and tricuspid valvuloplasty was performed as a rescue measure to alleviate her congestive symptoms and improve her candidacy for valve replacement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term outcomes of rotational atherectomy for the percutaneous treatment of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Azzalini Lorenzo , Dautov Rustem , Ojeda Soledad , Serra Antonio , Benincasa Susanna , Bellini Barbara , Giannini Francesco , Chavarría Jorge , Gheorghe Livia L. , Pan Manuel , Carlino Mauro , Colombo Antonio , Rinfret Stéphane
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To study the long‐term outcomes of rotational atherectomy (RA) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background. There is little evidence on the incidence, procedural results and long‐term outcomes of RA for CTO PCI.

Methods. This registry included data from consecutive patients undergoing CTO PCI at four specialized centers. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction and ischemia‐driven target‐vessel revascularization) on follow‐up were the primary endpoint.

Results. A total of 1003 patients were included. Of these, 35 (3.5%) required RA. As compared with Conventional PCI, RA patients were older (68.9 ± 9.5 vs. 64.6 ± 10.7 years, P = 0.02), had higher prevalence of diabetes (58% vs. 37%, P = 0.01) and of a J‐CTO score ≥2 (80% vs. 58%, P = 0.009), driven by severe calcification. Antegrade wire escalation was used more frequently in RA (74% vs. 53%, P = 0.08). RA was performed for balloon failure‐to‐cross in 51% and failure‐to‐expand in 49%. One burr was utilized in 86%. The 1.25‐mm burr was the largest burr used in 43%. Slow flow/no‐reflow was observed in 17%. No other serious RA‐related complications were observed. Procedural success was 77% vs. 89% (P = 0.04) in RA vs. Conventional PCI. After a mean follow‐up of 658 ± 412 days, MACE rates were similar between groups (15% vs. 13%, P = 0.70).

Conclusions. The use of RA in CTO PCI was safe, despite a worse patient risk profile and higher procedural complexity, as compared with conventional techniques. Although procedural success was lower in the RA group, there were no differences in long‐term clinical outcomes between groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of an optical coherence tomography guided approach in acute coronary syndromes: A propensity matched analysis from the international FORMIDABLE‐CARDIOGROUP IV and USZ registry
Authors: Iannaccone Mario , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Frangieh Antonio H. , Niccoli Giampaolo , Ugo Fabrizio , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Bertaina Maurizio , Mancone Massimo , Montefusco Antonio , Amabile Nicolas , Sardella Gennaro , Motreff Pascal , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Colombo Francesco , Garbo Roberto , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Tamburino Corrado , Omedè Pierluigi , Moretti Claudio , D'amico Maurizio , Souteyrand Geraud , Meieir Pascal , Lüscher Thomas F. , Gaita Fiorenzo , Templin Christian
Published: December 2016

Aim. To determine the potential clinical impact of OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients presenting with ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome). Methods and Results. FORMIDABLE is a multicentre retrospective registry enrolling all patients presenting with ACS and treated with an OCT‐guided approach, while the USZ registry enrolled patients treated with a standard angiography guided approach. Multivariate adjustment was performed via a propensity score matching. The number stents useds was the primary outcome, while the incidence of MACE (a composite of death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stent thrombosis) was the secondary endpoint. A total of 285 patients OCT‐guided and 1,547 angiography guided patients were enrolled, resulting in 270 for each cohort after propensity score with matching. Two stents were used in 12% versus 34%; 3 stents in 8% versus 38% of the patients (P < 0.001). After a follow up of 700 days (450–890), there was no difference in myocardial infarction (6% vs. 6%, P = 0.86), while MACE (11% vs. 16%, P = 0.06), target vessel revascularization (2% vs. 4%, P = 0.15) and stent thrombosis rates (0% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.26) were numerically lower for the OCT‐guided cohort but none of these endpoints did reach statistical significance. Conclusions. An OCT‐guided approach reduced the number of stents used, number of patients treated with more than one stent, while there was no statistically significant difference in clinical endpoints while most of them were numerically lower, including stent thrombosis rates. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Tar Removal from Bio‐Syngas via Oxidation on Metal Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Dörr Timo B. , Schmidt Sabine , Drochner Alfons , Vogel Herbert
Published: December 2016

To diversify energy sources and to address the impacts of global warming, the transformation of biomass, a renewable energy source, into fuels and chemicals is becoming increasingly necessary. The gasification technology is an efficient way of converting biomass via syngas into sustainable fuels. By‐products, especially tar, are formed during the gasification process and need to be removed before further downstream processing. Mo/V/W‐mixed oxides were found to be applicable for the catalytic tar oxidation in CO/H2 atmosphere by adding a stoichiometric amount of oxygen. In temperature‐programmed experiments the reactivity of different tar model compounds during the selective oxidation on Mo/V/W‐mixed oxides as well as the catalytic performances of V2O5, WO3, and MoO3 during the tar oxidation were investigated.
An Energy‐Efficient Crude Distillation Unit with a Prefractionator
Authors: Kim Young Han
Published: December 2016

An energy‐efficient crude distillation unit (CDU) was proposed, and its performance was evaluated and compared with that of a conventional CDU. The problem of the large energy demand associated with the single‐column operation of a conventional CDU was solved with a two‐column operation – a prefactionator and a main column – in the proposed CDU. The two‐column operation reduces feed‐tray mixing, and thus raises the thermodynamic efficiency of the CDU. The proposed unit has reduced heating and cooling duty compared with that of the conventional unit. The proposed unit also has fewer investment and utility costs. Vapor and liquid flow connections between the two columns are readily available by adjusting the difference in column operating pressure.
Engineering of Cellobiose Dehydrogenases for Improved Glucose Sensitivity and Reduced Maltose Affinity
Authors: Ortiz Roberto , Rahman Mahbubur , Zangrilli Beatrice , Sygmund Christoph , Micheelsen Pernille O. , Silow Maria , Toscano Miguel D. , Ludwig Roland , Gorton Lo
Published: December 2016

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a fungal extracellular flavocytochrome capable of direct electron transfer (DET). Unlike other CDHs, the pH optimum for CDHs from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH) and Humicola insolens (HiCDH) is close to the human physiological pH in blood (7.4). These are, therefore, interesting candidates for glucose measurements in human blood and the application in enzymatic fuel cells is, however, limited by their relatively low activity with this substrate. In this work, the substrate specificities of CtCDH and HiCDH have been altered by a single cysteine to tyrosine substitution in the active sites of CtCDH (position 291) and HiCDH (position 285), which resulted in improved kinetic constants with glucose while decreasing the activity with several disaccharides, including maltose. The DET properties of the generated CDH variants were tested in the absence and in the presence of substrates, on graphite electrodes and thiolic self‐assembled monolayer (SAM)‐modified Au electrodes. Seven different thiols with different spacer lengths were used, containing ‐COOH, ‐OH, and ‐NH2 end groups. The length and head functionality of the thiol govern the efficiency of the DET reaction and indicate different DET properties of CtCDH and HiCDH