bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Gas May Not Shift under Extreme Conditions of Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Stolte Nore , Yu Junting , Chen Zixin , Sverjensky Dimitri A. , Pan Ding
Published: January 2021

The water-gas shift reaction is a key reaction in Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis, which is widely believed to generate hydrocarbons in the deep carbon cycle, but is little known at extreme pressure-temperature conditions found in Earth’s upper mantle. Here, we performed extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to study the water-gas shift reaction. We found the direct formation of formic acid out of CO and supercritical water at 10∼13 GPa and 1400 K without any catalyst. Contrary to the common assumption that formic acid or formate is an intermediate product, we found that HCOOH is thermodynamically more stable than the products of the water-gas shift reaction above 3 GPa and at 1000∼1400 K. Our study suggests that the water-gas shift reaction may not happen in Earth’s upper mantle, and formic acid or formate may be an important carbon carrier, participating in many geochemical processes in deep Earth.
Helical Electronic Transitions of Spiroconjugated Molecules
Authors: Garner Marc Hamilton , Corminboeuf Clemence
Published: January 2021

The two perpendicularly oriented π-systems of allene mix into helical molecular orbitals (MOs) when the symmetry of the molecule is reduced. However, the π-π∗ transitions of allenes are linear combinations of two excitations that always consist of both helicities; consequently, the electronic transitions are not helical. Here, we examine the electronic structure of spiroconjugated molecules, which have the same parent symmetry as allene but with different relative orientation of the two π-systems. We show how the π-mixing in spiropentadiene is analogous to the helical π-mixing in allene. However, in spiroconjugated systems only half the π-MOs become helical. Due to this difference, the π-π∗ transitions in substituted spiropentadiene come in near-degenerate pairs where the helicity is symmetry protected, and consequently there is no significant mixing between excitations involving MOs of opposite helicity. This inherent helicity of the π-π* transitions is verified by computation of the change of electron density. These transitions have big rotatory strengths where the sign correlates with the helicity of the transition. The electronic helicity of spiroconjugated molecules thus manifests itself in observable electronic and optical properties.
Two Faces of the Two Phase Thermodynamic Model
Authors: Madarász Ádám , Hamza Andrea , Ferenc Dávid , Bakó Imre
Published: January 2021

The quantum harmonic model and the two-phase thermodynamics method (2PT) are widely used to obtain quantum corrected properties such as isobaric heat capacities or molar entropies. 2PT heat capacities were calculated inconsistently in the literature, and the excellent correlations are due to error cancellation for organic liquids. We reanalyzed the performance of different quantum corrections on the heat capacities of common organic solvents against experimental data. The accuracy of the computations was also assessed with the determination of the self-diffusion coefficients.
Chemoinformatic Analysis of Psychotropic and Antihistaminic Drugs in the Light of Experimental Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activities
Authors: Villoutreix Bruno , Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal , Tamouza Ryad , Leboyer Marion , Beaune Philippe
Published: January 2021

There is an urgent need to identify therapies that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and improve the outcome of COVID-19 patients. We proposed before summer 2020 that cationic amphiphilic psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect psychiatric patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection based upon clinical observations. At that time, experimental data on SARS-CoV-2 were missing but today, open high-throughput screening results are available at the NCATS COVID19 portal. We here revisit our hypothesis in the light of these data and we propose that several cationic amphiphilic psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could be valuable to protect people from SARS-CoV-2 infection, they should have very limited adverse effects and could possibly be used as prophylactic drugs. Recent studies also suggest that some of these molecules could be valuable in more advanced stages of the disease progression. Clinical trials are now needed to fully evaluate the potentials of these molecules.
Multiscale QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Trimeric Major Light-Harvesting Complex II
Authors: Maity Sayan , Daskalakis Vangelis , Elstner Marcus , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich
Published: January 2021

Photosynthetic processes are driven by sunlight. Too little of it and the photosynthetic machinery cannot produce the reductive power to drive the anabolic pathways. Too much sunlight and the machinery can get damaged. In higher plants, the major Light Harvesting Complex (LHCII) efficiently absorbs the light energy, but can also dissipate it when in excess (quenching). In order to study the dynamics related to the quenching process but also the exciton dynamics in general, one needs to accurately determine the so-called spectral density which describes the coupling between the relevant pigment modes and the environmental degrees of freedom. To this end, Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations in a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) fashion utilizing the density functional based tight binding (DFTB) method have been performed for the ground state dynamics. Subsequently, the time-dependent extension of the long-range-corrected DFTB scheme has been employed for the excited state calculations of the individual chlorophyll-a molecules in the LHCII complex. The analysis of this data resulted in spectral densities showing an astonishing agreement with the experimental counterpart in this rather large system. This consistency with an experimental observable also supports the accuracy, robustness, and reliability of the present multi-scale scheme. In addition, the resulting spectral densities and site energies were used to determine the exciton transfer rate within a special pigment pair consisting of a chlorophyll-a and a carotenoid molecule which is assumed to play a role in the balance between the light harvesting and quenching modes.
A General Strategy for C(sp3)–H Functionalization with Nucleophiles Using Methyl Radical as a Hydrogen Atom Abstractor
Authors: Leibler Isabelle , Tekle-Smith Makeda A. , Doyle Abigail
Published: January 2021

We have developed a photocatalytic method that employs widely available, low-cost nucleophiles and a readily accessible HAT precursor for C(sp3)–H fluorination, chlorination, etherification, thioetherification, azidation, and carbon–carbon bond formation. Mechanistic studies are consistent with methyl radical-mediated HAT and linear free-energy relationships suggest that radical oxidation influences site-selectivity. Furthermore, this approach was highly effective for the construction of multi-halogenated scaffolds and the late-stage functionalization of several bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals with tunable regioselectivity.
THE EFFECT OF STORYBOARD TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN NARRATIVE TEXT AT THE TENTH GRADE OF SMAN 2 KS CILEGON (2020)
Authors: Hidayanti Lisa
Published: January 2021

This research used quantitative with true experimental design. The objective of this research was to find out whether there was an effect of using storyboard technique on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Krakatau Steel Cilegon.  The population of this research were 72 students. The instrument were pre-test and post-test. The treatment used Storyboard technique was administrated for the experimental group. The result of independent t-test computation result of post-test score showed that t count more than the t table (6.274 1.994). It can be concluded that Ho (null hypothesis) was rejected and Ha (alternative hypothesis) was accepted. Based on the data analysis above, there was an effect using storyboard technique on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text at the tenth grade of SMAN 2 Krakatau Steel Cilegon
BENTUK TINDAK TUTUR PRAGMATIK PADA WACANA PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR SULAWESI TENGAH DAN WALIKOTA PALU TAHUN 2020
Authors: Tamrin Tamrin
Published: January 2021

Tindak tutur adalah  gejala  individu seseorang yang bersifat psikologis dalam  keberlangsungan  yang ditentukan oleh kemampuan bahasa penutur dalam menghadapi situasi tertentu. Dengan mengangkat kasus bentuk tindak tutur pragmatik pada wacana pemilihan Gubernur Sulawesi Tengah dan Wali Kota Palu 2020, penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan makna tindak tutur pragmatik dalam spanduk kampanye pemilihan gubernur dan wakil gubernur Sulawesi Tengah dan pemilihan wali kota dan wakil wali kota Palu tahun 2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik observasi, foto rekam, dan pembuatan catatan. dan perekaman, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode agih atau metode struktural.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa  bentuk tindak tutur pada spanduk pemilihan Gubernur  Sulawesi Tengah dan Wali Kota Palu yaitu tindak tutur lokusi, ilokusi,  dan  perlokusi. Makna yang terkandung  pada tindak tutur  bermakna memperkenalkan diri tanpa tendensi kepada mitra tutur, menginformasikan sesuatu yaitu progam kerja  dan melakukan sesuatu kepada mitra tutur, dan memengaruhi mitra tutur untuk memilih mereka.
TERMINOLOGI NAMA PENYAKIT DALAM BAHASA LAMPUNG DIALEK A DESA NEGARA RATU DALAM KAJIAN ETNOLINGGUISTIK
Authors: Cik Umar Roven Eldo
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mendeskripsikan nama penyakit dalam bahasa Lampung dialek A yang diusulkan menjadi kosakata bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data terdiri dari kosakata nama-nama penyakit dalam bahasa Lampung dialek A yang dikumpulkan dari Desa Negara Ratu, Kecamatan Sungkai Utara, Kabupaten Lampung Utara, Provinsi Lampung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik catat, teknik sadap, dan teknik simak libat cakap. Berdasarkan pembahasan ditemukan sekitar dua ratus penyakit penyakit dan pengobatan yang terhimpun. Ada satu kata yang mengandung dua arti sangat berbeda seperti kata ngan-ngan ngilu 'otot kaku' dan 'otot sakit', kata, rimol  'pelo' dan 'lumpuh bagian otot alat bicara', ritol 'langit-langit terbelah' dan 'cadel'. Ada dua ratus enam contoh kalimat penyakit dalam bahasa Lampung diartikan bahasa Indonesia.
The relationship of professional goals and the readiness in acquiring foreign language among advertising students: basis for foreign language training
Authors: Reyes Jerielyn V.
Published: January 2021

The present study aims to determine the relationship of professional goals and readiness of advertising students in learning foreign language to be the basis for foreign language training.  This study also aims to identify the preferred teaching method for studying foreign language and the ASEAN native language that they are interested to learn. The descriptive research involved 157 first year advertising students from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines through a survey.  After the data gathering and statistical treatment of data, it was found out that the respondents’ aspiration falls on material security and their multicultural aspiration is towards deeper understanding on other people.  The respondents expressed the readiness to learn foreign language to better understand the values, ideals, and assumption in life of their foreign counterparts.  Grammar translation approach was preferred for learning the language and the most preferred ASEAN native language are Mandarin, Chinese, Thai, and Bahasa Indonesia.
CULTURAL HYBRIDITY AND ITS COMPLEXITY IN ESMERALDA SANTIAGO’S ALMOST A WOMAN
Authors: SETIAWAN IKWAN
Published: January 2021

Abstrak. Tulisan ini mendiskusikan hibriditas dalam novel Almost A Woman karya Esmeralda Santiago. Novel ini menceritakan permasalahan kultural yang dialami Negi, tokoh utama, sebagai imigran Puerto Rico di New York, di mana ia harus mengapropriasi budaya Amerika agar bisa diterima oleh masyarakat induk. Untuk membahas permasalahan tersebut, kami akan menggunakan teori poskolonial Bhabha. Analisis tekstual digunakan untuk menjelaskan data terpilih dengan cara pandang poskolonial tanpa mengabaikan keterkaitan kontekstualnya dengan dinamika imigrasi dan diaspora. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama harus menjalankan strategi kultural berupa mimikri dan hibriditas agar bisa diterima di masyarakat induk dan bisa mendukung impian modernnya. Meskipun menikmati budaya Amerika secara apropriatif, ia masih berusaha untuk tidak melupakan budaya Puerto Rico. Dengan strategi ini subjek diasporik bisa menegosiasikan kepentingannya di tengah-tengah masyarakat induk dan kuasa budaya dominan, tanpa harus meninggalkan sepenuhnya budaya Puerto Rico.   Abstract. This paper discusses hybridity in Esmeralda Santiago’s Almost A Woman. This novel tells about cultural problems experienced by Negi, the main character, as a Puerto Rican immigrant in New York, where she must appropriate American cultures in order to be accepted by the host community. To discuss this problem, we will apply Bhabha's postcolonial theory. Textual analysis is used to explain selected data from a postcolonial perspective without ignoring its contextual relationship with the dynamics of immigration and diaspora. The results of this study show that the main character must carry out a cultural strategy in the form of mimicry and hybridity in order to be accepted in the parent community and be able to support his modern dreams. Despite enjoying appropriately American culture, she still tries not to forget Puerto Rican cultures. With this strategy the diasporic subject can negotiate its interests in the midst of the host society and the dominant cultural power, without having to completely abandon Puerto Rican culture.
Narrativas autobiográficas: contribuição para a formação e a prática docente
Authors: Pires Pierre André Garcia , Verçosa Pelegrino Santos
Published: January 2021

Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade relatar as histórias de vidas de dois acadêmicos do curso de Pedagogia do Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica/Parfor, da Universidade Federal do Acre, pesquisa esta que se origina de um trabalho de conclusão de curso dos referidos alunos. Este relato é o resultado da questão investigativa: “de que maneira as dificuldades do âmbito educacional, na trajetória dos sujeitos, contribuíram para a prática docente?”. A partir dessa questão, formulou-se o objetivo do trabalho: “analisar de que maneira as dificuldades existentes no cotidiano escolar podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da prática docente”. O método utilizado na coleta de dados foi o autobiográfico, o tipo de pesquisa foi de cunho qualitativo, utilizando-se como técnica os relatos da trajetória de vida dos acadêmicos. Conclui-se que essa análise reflexiva possibilita a construção e o desenvolvimento de um profissional capaz de lidar com as dificuldades existentes na área educacional e revela que a profissionalização docente vem ocorrendo de acordo com as experiências e as vivências desenvolvidas dentro e fora da sala de aula.
Sala de aula invertida: um estudo de caso em um curso de Sistemas de Informação
Authors: Silveira Sidnei Renato , Parreira Fábio José , Cunha Guilherme Bernardino de , Bigolin Nara Martini , Bertolini Cristiano
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso sobre a aplicação da metodologia da Sala de Aula Invertida em diferentes disciplinas de um curso presencial de Bacharelado em Sistemas de Informação, da UFSM – Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus Frederico Westphalen – RS. O objetivo principal do estudo de caso foi o de identificar como a metodologia da Sala de Aula Invertida pode contribuir para os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, a partir das impressões dos alunos. O estudo de caso foi realizado em três disciplinas, de diferentes semestres (primeiro, quinto e sexto), no ano de 2019. Para realizar o estudo de caso foram criadas videoaulas, que deveriam ser assistidas pelos alunos antes das aulas presenciais. Além de assistir às videoaulas, os alunos deviam fazer anotações, apontando dúvidas, conteúdos compreendidos e uma pergunta para ser discutida na aula presencial. Os alunos também responderam a um instrumento, que foi utilizado no estudo de caso para coletar as impressões dos mesmos sobre a sala de aula invertida. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos alunos considerou a metodologia instigante, favorecendo os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem.
Fernando Magalhães: 10 Lições sobre Marx
Authors: Albuquerque Regina Lucia Fernandes
Published: January 2021

Resenha do livro “10 lições sobre Marx”, de autoria de Fernando Magalhães. A obra, publicada em 2018 pela editora Vozes, apresenta significativa contribuição para o campo das humanidades ao sumarizar a vasta e complexa produção de um dos pensadores que fundou as bases para a estruturação do campo da Sociologia. Os dez capítulos que compõem o volume apresentam os principais conceitos descritos por Marx, como, por exemplo, práxis, proletariado, ditadura do proletariado. Além de apresentar o posicionamento do autor frente à produção de Marx. Recomenda-se a utilização da obra em cursos introdutórios ao pensamento marxista, considerando a linguagem de fácil compreensão adotada. Assim como, indica-se sua adoção como obra de apoio em estudos exteriores ao campo da Sociologia, mas que se utilizem dos escritos de Marx para fundamentação teórica.
FORMACIÓN CIENTÍFICA STEM, EXPERIENCIAS DE APRENDIZAJE A PARTIR DE CLUBES DE CIENCIAS
Authors: Rodriguez Carmen del Pilar Suarez , Léon-Lomelí Luz Roxana de , Gamboa-León Miriam Rubi de los Milagros , Zamora-Pedraza Cynthia
Published: January 2021

La enseñanza del pensamiento lógico como actividad orientada a la educación científica, contribuye a la formación de ciudadanos críticos, tanto en escenarios formales como no formales. Dentro de los clubes de ciencia se guía a los niños a un proceso formal de investigación, que incluye la exposición y divulgación de resultados. El presente documento describe la metodología de trabajo implementada con niños de 4 hasta 12 años de edad, los actores, sus roles y los productos generados a lo largo de cinco años de su puesta en marcha en comunidades urbanas y rurales de México. Se integran las experiencias generadas en dos clubes de ciencias. Con este respaldo se elaboró una guía de trabajo sistematizada para una mejora de la práctica. Como parte de la evaluación, se han realizado entrevistas a los niños participantes, que han permitido conocer sus percepciones hacia el trabajo que realizan dentro de los mismos, con lo cual se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las experiencias. En el ciclo de trabajo reportado, se ha logrado formar a más de 50 niños, quienes han tenido un desempeño sobresaliente en concursos de ciencia a nivel nacional e internacional, que les ha permitido mejorar sus habilidades investigativas, de argumentación y de solución de problemas. El trabajo realizado ha permitido contribuir positivamente en la formación de los niños, así como la forma en la que realizan propuestas de solución a problemas, evalúan la calidad de las fuentes y realizan las argumentaciones durante el desarrollo y presentación de los trabajos.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF NIGERIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors:   Department of accounting, School of Management Science, Babcock University, Ilisan-remo, ogun state., Ajibade Ayodeji , Jaji Kofoworola , Kwarbai Jerry ,   Department of accounting, School of Management Science, Babcock University, Ilisan-remo, ogun state.
Published: January 2021

Banks are the support system of any economy, hence the significant need for economies to have a healthy system of banking with operative corporate governance system. The study examined the effect of corporate governance and financial performance in the banking sector of Nigeria and United Kingdom. It analysed secondary data collated from the annual report of ten listed banks each from the Nigeria and UK stock exchange markets. Using multiple regression model, the study examined the combined effect of board size, board composition, audit committee and firm size on the performance of the listed banks. The result shows that corporate governance variables have a significant effect on the financial performance of the Nigeria and U.K banking sector. Keywords: Inflation, monetary policy, economic growth, purchasing power, Nigeria.
Too Much and Never Enough: How my Family Created the World’s most Dangerous Man by Mary L Trump, SIMON & SCHUSTER, London-New York- Sydney- Toronto- New Delhi, 2020, 206pp.
Authors:   Department of Communication and General Studies, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Ashindorbe Kelvin
Published: January 2021

More than two dozen books have been written about Donald Trump and his presidency since he assumed office on January 20th 2017 as the 45th President of the United States of America. A couple of these publications are by former appointees who in many instances either gave account of their stewardship or pointed attention to the perpetual turmoil and uncertainty in the administration. Perhaps the most riveting and scathing book is the one by Mary L Trump, a niece of President Donald Trump. The book titled “Too Much and Never Enough: How my family created the world’s most dangerous man” is the subject of this review. Before his foray into the Republican Party primaries in 2015 and his eventual surprised emergence as President, Donald Trump was widely known as that real estate business man and reality television show host. But who is Donald Trump? Perhaps no one is better placed to give a detailed portrait of the man who will later become the most powerful man on earth than a close family member. Why will a niece write a scathing tell-it-all book about her uncle? Is she motivated by patriotism, a desire to get even with the president or material consideration? We shall return to this question.
Las parasitosis hepatobiliares en el Ecuador
Authors: León Luis , Le´ón Renato
Published: January 2021

El estudio y el conocimiento de las parasitosis hepatobiliares es de trascendental importancia en nuestros países por la frecuencia y gravedad.

De ellas, muchos casos son diagnosticados clínicamente gracias a los recursos de laboratorio y a modernos métodos de exploración, pero otros casos son casualmente descubiertos en intervenciones quirúrgicas, y no pocos, en necropsias. 

En el Ecuador se han reportado las siguientes parasitosis hepatobiliares amibias’s, coccidiosis, balantidiosis, hidatidosis, fascioliasis, paragonimiasis, opistorchiasis, ascaridiosis y toxocariasis, y como procesos y localizaciones hepatobiliares, en las siguientes parasitosis generales: malaria, toxoplasmosis, kala-azar, enfermedad de Chagas y cisticercosis, aunque esta última, al igual que la paragonimiasis, puede ser de localización sólo hepática.

Son nuevos aportes a la Parasitología y Gastroenterología americana, la coccidiosis hepática, el absceso balantidiano, la paragonimias´s  y la opistorchiasis. 

Se recomienda el estudio, investigación y divulgación de los conocimientos de estas localizaciones y manifestaciones de las parasitosis hepatobilares en los demás países del Continente.

El estudio y el conocimiento de las parasitosis hepatobiliares es de trascendental importancia en nuestros países por la frecuencia y gravedad.

De ellas, muchos casos son diagnosticados clinicamente gracias a los recursos de laboratorio y a modernos métodos de exploración, pero otros casos son casualmente descubiertos en intervenciones quirúrgicas, y no pocos, en necropsias.
La era tecnológica y la cultura tributaria hacia una sostenibilidad fiscal
Authors: Proaño Ponce William Patricio , Yoza Rodríguez Narciso Roberto , Ponce Vaca Luciano Abelardo , Moreira Cañarte Mercy Karina
Published: January 2021

Los aportes de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en las ciencias contables, se corresponden con las aplicaciones de apoyo gerencial, destacándose las relacionadas con la contabilidad y costos de producción. También la gestión de la información y el conocimiento, se ha aplicado para el apoyo a la sostenibilidad fiscal de la cultura tributaria, como clave del éxito de los recursos socioeconómicos. Se abordan trabajos correspondientes a la sostenibilidad fiscal y tributaria desde el avance de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, apoyadas en la gestión del conocimiento y la inteligencia artificial para una sostenibilidad fiscal y tributaria, como se requiere en la actualidad. Se identifican y se realizan mediciones de activos intangibles, a través del uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, como factor clave del éxito empresarial, que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad tributaria, así como trabajos que orientan la valoración de empresas, las finanzas, con el uso de las tecnologías en la toma de decisiones financieras.
Samorząd terytorialny jako użyteczny element ustrojowy państwa z punktu widzenia interesu jednostki
Authors: Bąkowski Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Rola, jaką odegrał reaktywowany w roku 1990 samorząd terytorialny w procesie przemian ustrojowych na przełomie lat 80. i 90. XX w., nie podlega dyskusji. Tak samo za oczywisty, a przy tym i znaczny należy uznać udział samorządu terytorialnego w systematycznym podnoszeniu poziomu jakości życia zbiorowego wspólnot lokalnych. Natomiast nie jest już takie do końca oczywiste to, czy ewentualne wymierne korzyści, wynikające z faktu funkcjonowania samorządu terytorialnego w systemie administracji publicznej, mogą czerpać poszczególne jednostki (mieszkaniec, przedsiębiorca, turysta i in.).

W niniejszym opracowaniu wskazuje się na trzy kluczowe powody, dla których obecność samorządu terytorialnego w systemie administracji publicznej leży również w interesie jednostki. Po pierwsze, uwarunkowania normatywne wespół z kształtowaną przez nie społeczną rzeczywistością dają podstawy do uznania, że istnienie samorządu terytorialnego w systemie administracji publicznej wydatnie przyczynia się do urzeczywistniania zasady pomocniczości. Zasada ta leży u podstaw budowy relacji państwowo-społecznych, służących m.in. ochronie wolności jednostki i zarazem jej bezpieczeństwa. Po drugie, wykonywanie przez samorząd terytorialny istotnej części zadań publicznych znacząco przyczynia się do demonopolizacji władzy w państwie i w tym kontekście może być postrzegany jako sojusznik jednostki w dążeniach do utrzymywania, czy też odzyskiwania obszarów szeroko rozumianej władzy wywodzonej obecnie z objętych konstytucyjnymi gwarancjami wolności i praw jednostki, w tym władzy rodzicielskiej, czy też władztwa nad należącym do niej mieniem. Po trzecie, działalność samorządnych gmin, powiatów i województw wyzwala konkurencję w płaszczyźnie zadań publicznych, z uwagi na znaczną samodzielność, jaką samorządy dysponują w organizacji, sposobach i metodach realizacji tychże zadań. Rywalizacja w obszarze zadań publicznych wpływa na wzrost jakości ich wykonywania. Poziom jakości zaspokajania zbiorowych potrzeb wspólnot samorządowych przekłada się zaś na poziom jakości życia poszczególnych jednostek.
Odpowiedzialność majątkowa rumuńskich sędziów
Authors: Simion Mihaela
Published: January 2021

Artykuł został poświęcony analizie odpowiedzialności materialnej i cywilnej sędziów, odnosząc się w ograniczonym zakresie również do kwestii odpowiedzialności karnej i dyscyplinarnej sędziów. Autorka dokonała przeglądu aktów tworzących ramy regulacyjne tych instytucji, zwracając uwagę na niedawne zmiany dotyczące mechanizmu odpowiedzialności majątkowej sędziów wprowadzone na mocy przepisów ustawy o statusie sędziów i prokuratorów. Dokładnej analizie poddane zostały niektóre aspekty dotyczące wszczęcia postępowania w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności cywilnej sędziego w przypadku błędu sądowego, przesłanek dopuszczalności takiego postępowania, wszczęcia postępowania przeciwko państwu rumuńskiemu o stwierdzenie błędu sądowego, a także roszczeń regresowych państwa wobec sędziego podejrzanego o popełnienie takiego błędu.
Okoliczności zastosowania art. 7 ust. 1 Traktatu o Unii Europejskiej w sprawie praworządności w Polsce
Authors: Szmyt Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Zmiany ustawowe wprowadzone w Polsce po roku 2015 w odniesieniu do władzy sądowniczej (Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, sądów powszechnych, Sądu Najwyższego, jak również Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa) wywołały debatę na temat poszanowania zasady praworządności w Polsce, a w konsekwencji – uruchomienie w odniesieniu do Polski procedury z art. 7 ust. 1 Traktatu o Unii Europejskiej. Obawy Komisji Europejskiej wzbudziły przede wszystkim dwie kwestie – brak niezależnej i zgodnej z prawem kontroli zgodności prawa z Konstytucją oraz przyjęcie przez polski parlament nowych przepisów ustawowych, dotyczących systemu sądownictwa, które zwiększają zagrożenie dla niezależności sądów oraz praworządności w Polsce. Autor szczegółowo przedstawia zarówno treść i przesłanki zastosowania art. 7 ust. 1 Traktatu, jak i okoliczności oraz konsekwencje zastosowania przewidzianej tam procedury w odniesieniu do Polski.
Główne skutki ustawy nr 13.964/2019 (pakiet przeciwdziałania przestępczości) w brazylijskim prawie karnym
Authors: Barreto Oliveira Tarsis , Fonseca Carvalho André Ricard
Published: January 2021

Artykuł został poświęcony analizie głównych zmian w egzekucji karnej po wejściu w życie ustawy 13.964/2019 (pakiet przeciwdziałania przestępczości) w Brazylii, a także analizie zasad i cech egzekucji karnej w tym kraju. Ustawodawca dokonał zmian dotyczących wykonywania wyroków, wprowadzając bardziej restrykcyjne zasady. Autorzy wskazują jednak, że poprawki te były zgodne z Konstytucją Brazylii z 1988 r. Przedstawiona analiza została dokonana w oparciu o opisową i porównawczą metodę badawczą, obejmując zarówno obecny, jak i wcześniejszy stan prawny. Wyniki badania wskazują, że zmiany wprowadzone przez ustawodawcę w prawie karnym egzekucyjnym (ustawa nr 7.210/1984) były uzasadnione.
Fall from GRASE: The Sunsetting of the Sunscreen Innovation Act
Authors:   1Retired Personal Care Products Industry Toxicologist,   Vesuvius, Virginia, USA 2Executive Director,   Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, Virginia, USA.
Published: January 2021

The 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act terminated the Sunscreen Innovation Act (SIA) that the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) uses to determine sunscreen actives as safe and effective for human use. The Act also nullified a recent FDA proposal that reclassified 14 organic sunscreen actives as either not safe for human use or requires more data before being used in humans. Most sunscreen actives were approved in 1978; since that time the FDA has determined that over the last 20 years several changes have occurred leading to a substantial increase in sunscreen usage and exposure that increases the potential health risks associated with their use. Based on the scientific literature for the actives reviewed, it is clear that the SIA is needed to assure that sunscreen and other over-the-counter drugs are safe and efficacious for human use prior to entering the marketplace.
Gendered Inequalities in HIV/AIDS: Investigating Linkages between Degradation, Disenfranchisement, Unemployment and Disease
Authors:   1Lehigh University. 2Tulane University.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the social, political, economic, and environmental forces that shape disproportionate HIV rates among women in less-developed countries. Specifically, we analyze how environmental degradation and women’s property rights condition female unemployment rates in poor nations and ultimately, patterns of disease. Using data from 105 less-developed nations, we construct a structural equation model to analyze influences on the proportion of HIV cases among women. We find that environmental degradation is an important, though often overlooked factor contributing to the female HIV burden across nations, through mechanisms such as female unemployment, disenfranchisement, and poor access to socio-health services. We also find that restrictions on property rights for women impact female unemployment and access to health services. Conclusions point to the efficacy of incorporating ecofeminist frameworks that emphasize ecological conditions alongside political, economic, and social forces to explain global health and gender inequalities in HIV/AIDS.
Prefactibilidad de obtención de isobutano y propano mediante gases de extracción petrolífera en Colombia
Authors: Moreno Carvajal Claudia Milena , Urrego Rodríguez Carlos
Published: January 2021

El isobutano y propano, obtenidos con gas natural y gas extraído del petróleo (GLP), pueden reemplazar refrigerantes sintéticos para reducir las emisiones de gases que agotan la capa de ozono y generan calentamiento global; por tal motivo se realizó una simulación en Aspen HYSYS para corroborar que es posible conseguir isobutano y propano al 99,5 % en pureza. Las características del gas natural y del GLP se analizaron con cromatografías de gases proporcionadas por las empresas Gas Natural Fenosa y Almagas, tomando el menor promedio de los datos de isobutano y propano para determinar la pureza de cada uno de los compuestos por obtener. Por medio del análisis PUGH se seleccionaron cuatro métodos: directo, indirecto, membranas inorgánicas porosas y lecho fijo de adsorción para analizar la separación de isobutano y propano al 99,5 % en pureza con gas natural y GLP. Finalmente se realizó la ingeniería conceptual de la separación con la simulación en Aspen HYSYS V 9.0, obteniendo en pureza 99,5 % de propano; 49,62 % de isobutano, y 49,38 % de n-butano al utilizar gas natural, el cual se componía de metano (CH4) en un volumen de 84 %; etano (C2H6) del 3 al 8 %; propano (C3H6) 1-2 %, y butano (C4H10) menor de 1 %. También se observaron cantidades muy pequeñas de compuestos más pesados como hexano (C6H14), heptano (C7H16) y octanos (C8H18) con un porcentaje en volumen menor de 1 %. Adicionalmente se encontraron impurezas como dióxido de carbono (CO2) con 1-2 %; sulfuro de hidrógeno (H2S) menor de 1 % y nitrógeno (N2) con 1 %; propano 99,9 %; isobutano 1,98 %, y 97,45 % de n-butano. El GLP se componía de nitrógeno (N2) al 0,05 %; etano (C2H6) al 2,07 %; propano (C3H8) al 66,65 %; isobutano (i-C4H10) al 16,46 %; n-butano (n-C4H10) al 14,87 %, e isopentano (i-C5H12).
PELATIHAN FISIK SEDANG MENINGKATKAN KADAR VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR DAN STROMAL CELL-DERIVED FACTOR-1 SERUM
Authors: Permatasari Anak Agung Ayu Putri , Rosiana I Wayan , Widhiantara I Gede , Denata Chela Krisna , Siswanto Ferbian Milas
Published: January 2021

Moderate Physical Exercise Increases Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Level
Physical exercise affects many systems in the body that play a role in maintaining physical fitness and slowing down the aging process. This study aimed to identity VEGF and SDF-1 as the mechanism of exercise-related anti-aging therapy. This study was a randomized pretest-posttest control group design study, using 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), male, 2.5-3 months old, weighing 180-200 g, and healthy. Rats were divided into two groups (n = 12). The control group was a sedentary lifestyle-treated group (P0) and the treatment group was subjected to moderate physical exercise for 4 weeks (P1). Both VEGF and SDF-1 levels were examined using the ELISA method. The results showed that moderate physical exercise increased VEGF (43.88 ± 6.24 to 69.80 ± 10.04 pg mL-1; p< 0.001) and SDF-1 (1.82±0.17 to 3.81±0.39 ng mL-1; p< 0.001) levels significantly. This study, therefore, suggested the possibility of VEGF and SDF-1 as a mediator of moderate physical exercise-induced anti-aging effect.
Pelatihan fisik mempengaruhi berbagai sistem dalam tubuh yang berperan mempertahankan kebugaran fisik dan memperlambat proses penuaan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dan stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) menurun seiring dengan penuaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan bahwa pelatihan fisik sedang meningkatkan kadar VEGF dan SDF-1 sebagai salah satu mekanisme penghambat proses penuaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan randomized pre-post test control group design dengan menggunakan 24 ekor tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan sehat dengan umur 2,5 - 3 bulan, berat badan 180 -200 g yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok (n= 12 ekor). Kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan perlakuan atau sedentary lifestyle (P0) dan kelompok perlakuan diberi pelatihan fisik sedang selama 4 minggu (P1).  Kadar VEGF dan SDF-1 diperiksa menggunakan ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan fisik sedang meningkatkan kadar VEGF (43,88±6,24 menjadi 69,80 ± 10,04 pg mL-1; p<0,001) dan SDF-1 (1,82 ± 0,17 to 3,81±0,39 ng mL-1; p< 0,001). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kemungkinan VEGF dan SDF-1 sebagai mediator efek yang memperlambat penuaan. Namun, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi antara peningkatan kadar VEGF dan SDF-1 dengan fenotip penuaan.
POTENSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF TANAMAN KELOR PENGHAMBAT INTERAKSI ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME 2 PADA SINDROMA SARS-COV-2
Authors: Koentjoro Maharani Pertiwi , Donastin Adyan , Prasetyo Endry Nugroho
Published: January 2021

The Potential of Moringa oleifera Bioactive Compounds for Inhibiting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Interaction in SARS-Cov-2 Syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) is a threat to human health. This infection is determined by the interaction of the spike S1 domain protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, especially the lungs. ACE2 inhibition is an important target in controlling COVID-19. Flavonoids of medicinal plants, are known to interfere with ACE (ACE2 homologous). Therefore, this study aims to explore the ability of apiin, epicatechin, and hesperetin from Moringa oleifera in interacting with the ACE2 using MOE 2008.10. The ligand molecules were prepared from PubChem database. The ACE2 protein was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (ID 1R4L) and analyzed for the active sites. Analysis of docking scores and hydrogen bonds of ACE2-ligand complex and active site showed that the affinity of flavonoids can be ranked as hesperetin > epicatechin > apiin > C19H23Cl2N3O4. The results provided computational information that apiin, epicatechin, and hesperetin have the potential to prevent COVID-19 infection. The prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) score showed the ligand displays antiviral activity.
Infeksi severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pada pandemi coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) menjadi ancaman dunia kesehatan saat ini. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 ditentukan oleh interaksi protein spike envelope S1 domain dengan reseptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) yang diekspresikan pada sel epitel saluran pernafasan terutama paru-paru. Mekanisme penghambatan ACE2 menjadi target penting dalam pengendalian COVID-19. Senyawa bioaktif tanaman obat, seperti flavonoid diketahui mampu mengganggu fungsi banyak makromolekul termasuk ACE (homolog dengan ACE2). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kemampuan senyawa apiin, epicatechin, dan hesperetin dari Moringa oleifera dalam berinteraksi dengan sisi aktif ACE2 menggunakan metode penambatan molekul. Studi dilakukan dengan preparasi struktur molekul ligan dari PubChem database dan diolah dengan MOE 2008.10. Selanjutnya, data protein ACE2 (Protein Data Bank ID 1R4L) dianalisis sisi aktifnya untuk mengetahui lokasi penambatan ligan senyawa. Analisis skor docking dan ikatan hydrogen komplek ligan dan sisi aktif ACE2 menunjukkan bahwa afinitas flavonoid dapat diperingkatkan sebagai afinitas hesperetin > epicatechin > apiin > C19H23Cl2N3O4. Ketiga ligan senyawa yang terkandung dalam M. oleifera secara in silico mampu mengikat sisi aktif ACE2, sehingga berpotensi mencegah infeksi COVID-19. Skor PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) menunjukkan aktivitas biologis ligan yang menyerupai antiviral.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BIJI JERUK SIAM (Citrus reticulata) PADA BAKTERI Escherichia coli
Authors: Setiawan Mohammad Arfi , Retnoningrum Mita Dewi , Yahya Febriyandhi , Andika Resa Ragil , Sudarni Dyan Hatining Ayu
Published: January 2021

Antibacterial Activity of Citrus seed (Citrus reticulata) Extract on Escherichia coli
Indonesian agriculture provides a resource of medicinal plants whose potential needs to be explored in order to benefit society. One of them is the use of Siam orange seeds (Citrus reticulata) which has the potential for the production of antibacterial compounds. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of the ethanol and n-hexane extract of orange seeds. The extract was obtained through maceration techniques using ethanol and n-hexane as solvents. The antibacterial activity test of orange seeds against Escherichia coli used the paper disc diffusion method with nutrient agar (NA) media. The concentration of orange seed extract for the determination of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was 0.5, 2, 8, 10, 20 mg mL-1. The results showed that the ethanol and n-hexane extract of orange seeds had antibacterial activity against E. coli. However, the ethanol extract had a higher antibacterial effect than the n-hexane orange seed extract. From the results of this study, it is hoped that the waste of orange seeds will provide beneficial contribution for pharmaceutical development.
Pertanian Indonesia memiliki sumber tanaman obat yang perlu digali potensinya agar bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Salah satunya pemanfaatan biji jeruk siam (Citrus reticulata) yang berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dan n-heksana biji jeruk. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui teknik maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol dan n-heksana. Uji aktivitas antibakteri biji jeruk terhadap Escherichia coli menggunakan metode difusi paper disc dengan media nutrient agar (NA). Konsentrasi ekstrak biji jeruk untuk penentuan MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) adalah 0,5, 2, 8, 10, 20 mg mL-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan n-heksana biji jeruk memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli. Namun, ekstrak etanol memiliki efek antibakteri yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak biji jeruk n-heksana. Dari hasil penelitian ini, limbah biji jeruk diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bermanfaat bagi pengembangan farmasi.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Sulfonamide-Aldehyde Derivative in Allium cepa Root Tip Cells
Authors: EROĞLU Halil Erhan , GÜMÜŞ Nisa , GÜMÜŞ Mehmet , YAĞCI Emre , KOCA İrfan
Published: January 2021

The continuous production and release into the environment of chemicals has revealed the need to determine their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Sulfonamide-aldehyde (SA) derivatives, whose biological activity properties vary in a wide spectrum, are frequently used in agriculture, medicine, pharmacy and many other fields. These compounds have an important cycle in the ecological system due to their use and diversity. In the present study, the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of sulfonamide-aldehyde derivative were investigated using Allium test system with the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM. In A. cepa cells, the increasing concentrations of SA caused cytotoxic effects by inducing nuclear lesions and inhibition of mitotic index. In addition, the increasing concentrations of SA caused genotoxic effects by inducing micronucleus and chromosome aberrations, which the most common ones are C-mitosis, sticky metaphase, and anaphase bridge. The results indicate that the concentration of 25 μM is EC50 in micronucleus, nuclear lesions, and chromosome aberrations; and 50 μM is EC50 in mitotic index (p < 0.05).
Examination of Aircraft Accidents That Occurred in the Last 20 Years in the World
Authors: KUŞKAPAN Emre , ÇODUR Muhammed Yasin
Published: January 2021

Air transportation is a very preferred type of transportation for long-distance trips. This type of transportation has made great progress, especially in the last 20 years with the development of technology. Thanks to its fast and safe, passenger capacity is gradually increasing. Despite this situation, the mortality rate is quite high in the case of an aircraft accident. For this reason, hundreds of people can die in a single accident. In this study, aircraft accidents that occurred in the last 20 years in the world were examined. The data including the number of accidents, the number of deaths and the process of the flight where the accidents occurred were used. These data were analyzed using data mining algorithms such as multi-layer perceptron, k nearest neighborhood, Naive Bayes, J48 and regression methods. Accordingly, it was determined that the algorithm that gives the best results for error scale and performance analysis among five different algorithms is J48. Using this algorithm, the occurrence flight phase of aircraft accidents is classified in more detail. Thanks to this study, it has been revealed that choosing the J48 algorithm for the classification of similar data sets will give better results. Also, this study provides significant benefits in terms of getting to the center of the problems, as the stages of accidents are more detailed. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce accidents if policy makers carry out studies taking into account the stages in which accidents occur.
CNC İşleme Merkezlerinde Hataların İş Esaslı Yaklaşımla Düzeltilmesi
Authors: ÖNER Gökhan , YANDAYAN Tanfer , AKINCIOĞLU Sıtkı
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, endüstri 4.0 uygulamalarında öne çıkan sıfır hata konseptine göre işparçasının işlenmesi sırasında düşük maliyetli kompanzasyon (telafi) metodu geliştirilmiştir. Yeni yöntem sayesinde, delik delme esnasında oluşan eksen hataları tespit edilmiş ve referans mastar blokları yardımıyla doğrulama faktörü bulunmuştur. Bu faktör kullanılarak, hata miktarı oranında nümerik kontrol (NC) kodları güncellenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, makine üzerine takılı ölçme probu yardımıyla doğru ve izlenebilir ölçüm yapılabildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu yöntemin düşük bir maliyet ile hassas parça imalatında kullanılabilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Delik mesafesi 500 mm için 55 μm olan tezgâhtan kaynaklanan eksen hatasının, yeni yöntemle ± 10 µm tolerans aralığında gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Kompanzasyon yöntemi yardımıyla eksen sapma değerleri %81 oranında iyileştirilmiştir.