bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIODIVERSITY OF HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA) OF THE INFRAORDER PENTATOMOMORPHA I OF THE ILE-ALATAU STATE NATIONAL NATURE PARK
Authors:   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425- 8148, Esenbekova P. A. , Iskakova A. N. , Anarbekova G. D.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of field research conducted in 2020 on the territory of the Ile-Alatau State National Natural Park. As a result of the conducted research, 32 species belonging to 2 families of hemiptera of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha I were identified. Among them, the predominant species composition of the family Lygaeidae is 21 species (66%), and 11 species are known from the family Aradidae (34%). On trophic specialization, they are divided into mycetophagy (11 species), phytophages (21 species, of which politicology – 16 types, wide oligotherapy – 3, narrow oligotherapy – 2). According to the type of food, both taking into account the number and number of species in the complex of hemiptera, phytophages clearly predominate. According to the number of generations per year, the hemiptera of the Ile-Alatau SNNP are divided into 4 groups: acyclic (different stages of development can be found simultaneously throughout the year) – 11 species, monovoltine (one generation per year) - 15 species, bivoltine (two generations per year) – 5 species, polyvoltine (several generations per year) - 1 species. There are 30 species with mesophilic ecology in the study area, only 1 species is hygromesophilus. Among the hemiptera of the Ile-Alatau GNPP, 19 species (61%) overwinter in the imago stage, 11 species (35%) in the imago and larvae stage, and 1 species (4%) in the egg stage.
EFFICIENCY APPLICATIONS OF DOMESTIC PUMPKIN ROOTSTOCKS FOR GRAFTING CUCUMBER IN PROTECTED GROUND
Authors: Shoibekova A. Zh. , Dzhantassov S. K. , Nussupova A. O.
Published: April 2021

When growing herbaceous vegetable crops in the world practice, great importance is given to the use of grafting method. The development of environmentally safe methods to increase the yield and resistance of plants to adverse growing conditions is very relevant in vegetable production. One such method in pumpkin crops is grafting. The aim of our work was to study the effect of domestic pumpkin rootstock on growth, development and yield characteristics of cucumber hybrid using grafting method. Grafting on pumpkin species improved the growth and development of plants depending on the rootstock, compared with rootstock plants. The aim of our research was to study the influence of domestic pumpkin rootstock on the growth, development and yield characteristics of the cucumber hybrid (scion). As a scion, the variety (Asylum), recommended for cultivation in protected ground conditions, was used, which was grafted on five domestic rootstocks: 1 (Mozoleevskaya 10), 2 (Karina), 3 (Aphrodite), 4 (Mindalnaya) and Russian selection 5 (Stofuntovaya) pumpkins from vegetable and melon crops. According to the generally accepted method, the graft was grafted (cucumber Asylum) on the rootstocks of pumpkin. Using a sample of pumpkin 1 (Mozoleevskaya 10), flowering began on the fifth day earlier in comparison with non-grafted plants, and when grafting on a sample of pumpkin 4 (Aphrodite), the fruit ripened earlier by six days. To get the greatest increase in early productivity by 30%, it is possible to use both rootstocks. A significant increase in total yield was provided by samples of rootstocks 2 (Karina) – 3.9 kg/m2 and 3 (Stofuntovaya) - 8.0 kg/m2. The grafted cucumber plants with all the rootstocks used were superior to the root ones in height, in terms of the percentage of marketability of fruits and in terms of fruit weight. At the beginning of fruiting on grafted cucumber plants, the number of female flowers increased depending on the sample. In all grafted plants, the dry matter content in the fruit increased significantly. Because of our research, rootstocks 2 (Karina) and 3 (Stofuntovaya) were noted, which are recommended for use in further research breeding work and the production of grafted plants.
RESEARCH RESULTS ON IMPROVEMENT OF THE JUSTIFICATION METHODOLOGY OF THE PARAMETERS OF A PNEUMATIC VACUUM (AIRLIFT) PUMP UNIT
Authors: Aldiyarova A. E. , Kaipbayev Ye. T. , Tursynaly D. D.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the methodology for substantiating the parameters and determining the technological and technical parameters of a pneumatic vacuum (air-lift) pump unit. The technology of water lifting from wells using a pneumatic vacuum (airlift) pumping unit for water supply of peasant and farm households has been substantiated. According to the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the optimal technological parameters are given: overpressure of compressed air created by the compressor at optimal heights of water lifting; specific gravity of the lifted water-air mixture; pump unit discharge Q; power consumption and efficiency of the pumping system and pump unit, water lifting height Н, diametrical dimension of the pump part DНЧ, permissible salinity and content of solid particles (sand) in it Мд, ambient air temperature for normal operation of the pump unit ТНР.
The similarity about the probability distributions of variables in the Bayesian regression model and application
Authors: Le Hoa Thanh , Pham Uyen Hoang , Nguyễn An Thị Đỗ , Pham Bao The
Published: April 2021

The linear regression model as well as the time series model is applied in many fields, in which the mean of the dependent variable is one function of the mean of the independent variables. However, to consider the regression model following in the Classical Statistics (the Frequent Statistics), it means that the parameters are the constants, in many situations, the regression model does not describe the fluctuation of both the dependent variable and the independent variables. Therefore, we need to modify the parameters following the random variable form, not the constant form, like as the regression in Bayesian Statistics. The other side, when the parameters considered as the random variables, computations in the regression model becomes very complex, because we need to compute the product of the probability distributions. So, we must evaluate about to vary of the variables' probability distributions not only the normal distribution, the Student distribution t, the Poisson distribution, the binomial distribution… In this paper, we estimated the dependent variable's probability distribution form through the simple Bayesian regression model in cases having many the probability distribution forms of the independent variable. In addition, we apply the results to real stock price data, proving that the most appropriate probability distribution with the data is a mixture of probability distributions, not a single normal distribution.
User satisfaction and individual performance in information technology environment: accounting view
Authors: PHẠM THUÝ THỊ PHƯƠNG , MAI MINH THỊ HOÀNG
Published: April 2021

In the 4th industrial revolution, there is the need for exploring new knowledge about the impact of information technology (IT) on corporate governance. Accounting is considered a supportive activity for corporate governance, so this study focuses on examining some factors that might affect accountants' job performance in IT environment. This work uses survey approach for collecting empirical data. Based on data from 177 accountants in 114 businesses, PLS analysis results show that the satisfaction has a significant impact on the job performacne of accountants in the IT environment. Factors including management support and training have positive impacts on accountant' satisfaction in the process of implementing accounting software/ ERP in enterprises. The type of software has not a moderator variable in the relationship between satisfaction and accountant' job performance in IT context. These results have suggested some implications to support the succes in the implemention of IT for the accounting informatuon system.
Foreign innovation activities and CO2 emissions in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyễn Minh Hoàng , Đỗ Ly Khánh
Published: April 2021

Vietnam is an emerging economy, CO2 emissions are a topic of interest to scientists and the Government, and innovation plays a very important role in ensuring sustainable growth. The year 1987 marked the formalization of the inflow of foreign investment into the country, from which the foreign-invested economic sector played an important role in the economic development of Vietnam. However, along with the benefits from foreign investment, there are still some shortcomings and limitations that can cause damage to the environment through CO2 emissions. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between foreign innovation and CO2 emissions in Vietnam in the period 1988-2018. Data in the study are collected from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Bank (World Bank), and website: https://countryeconom y.com/. The study uses a self-regression vector model (VAR) to analyze the relationship between foreign innovation and CO2 emissions. Research results show that there is a two-way relationship between foreign innovation activities and CO2 emissions in Vietnam. Based on research results, Vietnam needs to have appropriate policies to ensure the goal of reducing CO2 emissions, through policies to encourage innovation activities focusing on technological innovation using raw materials. Clean access, with little impact on the environment, thereby ensuring the goal of both growing and reducing CO2 emissions.
Evaluating outlook for lean construction in Vietnam through a study on perception of waste
Authors: Nguyen Bao Ngoc
Published: April 2021

Lean construction is a powerful wave in the construction industry around the world. Construction researchers and practitioners in Vietnam have also begun to pay attention to this wave. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of waste perceptions among the Vietnamese construction profession from the perspective of lean construction. Using data obtained from online questionnaire survey, the author undertook statistical calculation, analysis and interpretion by virtue of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. From the findings of the article, it can be seen that most of the views on construction waste are leaning towards loss and corruption. At the same time, there is not much difference in perception between occupational groups. They also show a sense of acuity and timeliness when making recommendations. Although the number of respondents to the survey is not a large number, in general, the research results have sketched a rough picture of the current perceptions of waste, which is a premise for further studies on lean construction. The author proposes a research direction on the openness of construction practitioners to the innovation trends and the development of a lean construction implementation framework in Vietnam's construction industry.
Guidance in publishing in international journals for UEL students
Authors: Diệp Đoàn Thị Phương , Hải Đoàn Thanh
Published: April 2021

Publishing in an international journal, particularly in social science and law fields, is an arduous and challenging yet rewarding journey. Basic knowledge may boost the pace of this process; nevertheless, often early career scholars and students (or so-called young authors as a whole) do not sufficiently equip such. To provide a useful perspective for preparing to write and publish in international academic journals related to legal research by students and scholars (young authors), this article presents experience from the author in the publishing process including feedback received and advice from renowned scholars. This paper shall focus on some essential and pragmatic parts in publishing, including sorting and selecting journals, approaches to writing for an international journal, specifically, what is the topic that should be covered, and challenges for young UEL authors to publish in a journal and solutions for such. This paper shall not mention some theoretical matters, for instance, what the importance and the role of research for young authors are. This paper shall only cover the basic understanding of publishing in an international journal related to social science and jurisprudence and shall not cover issues related to publication in conference proceedings, book chapters, or topics unrelated to social science and jurisprudence. This paper concludes that (i) young UEL authors are capable of publishing internationally; (ii) International journals can be classified based on (ii.1) requirements on content and structure, or (ii.2) quality assessment; (iii) authors need (iii.1) to find journal interests, (iii.2) choose interesting and novel topics; (iv). Difficulties of young authors include an insufficient understanding of the international publication system, limited knowledge and skills. Therefore, it is necessary to equip them with the basic understanding of international publication, restructure the subject `Scientific/ Jurisprudence research skills' and the subject system of UEL, encourage and improve international publications.
Provisions on establishing rights to scent trademark of the US and European Union law - Experience for Vietnam
Authors: Ngô Tín Minh , Trần Thảo Thị Thu
Published: April 2021

Based on the perspective of analyzing the provisions of the laws of the United States and the laws of the European Union, as well as the practice of protecting non-traditional trademarks in the United States and the European Union, in particular intellectual property rights to the Scent trademark, proposals are made for Vietnam in the process of completing legal provisions, processes, methods of assessment and establishing the rights of Scent trademark rights to meet the global trend and domestic law requirements under the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership's commitments. Accordingly, in the negotiation rounds of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (the precursor of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership), the parties participating in the negotiation often disagree on the scope of protection of intellectual property rights, and non-traditional trademarks, sound trademarks, scent trademarks in particular. This is also one of the important reasons for the failure of negotiations and the withdrawal from the US Agreement. Besides, in the future, intellectual property rights and trademark rights, non-traditional trademarks in particular, will continue to be important negotiating topics that determine the success of the new generation of the free trade agreement. Therefore, the early improvement of the legal system in the establishment and protection of the rights to this object contributes to helping Vietnam be more active in negotiation.
The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on retailing in Vietnam: current situations and recommendations
Authors: Quynh Tran Xuan , Dinh Quy Nguyen Le
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic seriously impacted almost the fields of the Vietnam economy in the shortterm and long-term, including the retail industry. While, retailing is regarded as one of the most strongly-impacted fields, but it also expresses the quick capability of recovery in comparison to other sectors. This study has been carried out to evaluate and analyze holistically the major effects of the pandemic on the Vietnam retail industry with nine critical impacts: the number of shoppers decreases; great volatility in the rental market; closed shops, maximum staff cuts; retail sales decline seriously; the explosion of e-commerce and home delivery services; change the campaign and decrease marketing budget; invest in building new online sales channels; convert consumption from offline to online and increase stockpiles of goods in the epidemic. Based on these analyses, the author recommends several significant suggestions for the Vietnam government including (1) directly support by in cash for the closed-stores during the pandemic for the traditional retailing; (2) quickly implement liquidity support packages and offer credit packages with preferential interest rates for the modern retailers; (3) solving problems of labor shortages in businesses that produce essential products; (4) increasing the essential stockpile source and manage efficiently the market supply. While some suggestions are delivered for retail businesses to overcome the recession and boost growth after the pandemic: (1) understand customers' problems; (2) reshape business strategy; (3) keep in touch with stakeholders and (4) expand new sales channels. The above suggestions are recommended on the basis of the bright outlooks from both macro factors and the internal retailing market.
Application of artificial neural network in neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination for EJ301 scintillation detector
Authors: Phan Chuân Văn , Nguyễn Hải Xuân , Nguyễn Anh Ngọc , Phạm Hải Xuân , Mai Phong Xuân , Phạm Khang Đình , Trương Minh Văn , Dương Tài Thanh , Lưu Duyên Thị Hoàng
Published: April 2021

The scintilator detectors are sensitive to both neutron and gamma radiation. Therefore, right identification of the pulses which generated by neutrons or gamma ray from these detectors plays an important role in neutron measurement by using scintilator detector. In order to improve the ability to pulse shape discrimination (PSD), many PSD techniques have been studied, developed and applied. In this work, we use a basic configuration of a Fully connected Neural network (Fc- Net) where the number of elements of the network is minimum, and each element corresponds to identified specification of neutron or gamma pulses measured by using EJ-301 scintilator detector. The minimum of error principle has been applied for neuron network design; therefore, the accuracy of recognitions did not affect by this reduced network. The obtained results show that the identify accuracy of FcNet is higher than those of digital charge integration (DCI) method. Being tested using 60Co radioactive source, it is shown that, with the application of the FcNet, the accuracy of the gamma pulses discrimination acquires 98.60% in the energy region from 50 to 2000 keV electron equivalent energy (keVee), and 95.59% in the energy region from 50 to 150 keVee. In general, the obtained results indicate that the artificial neural network method can be applied to build neutron/gamma spectrometers with limited hardware.
THE The proposed integrated model for rural people of alum in the Mekong delta
Authors: Nguyễn Thảo Thi Phương , Nguyễn Thư Hồng Anh , Tran Hieu Thi , Le Vi Quoc , Tra Tung Van , Le Hai Thanh , Tran Kien Trung , Nguyen Thang Viet , Nguyen Huyen Khon
Published: April 2021

This study is to design an integrated eco-agricultural system for waste treatment in the acidic soil areas in the Mekong Delta. The system is based on recycling all of the materials (from the inputs, outputs, and wastes) under conditions of acidic soil towards zero emissions and maintaining sustainability for farmers' livelihood. The system is demonstrated at Vo Van Tham's farm in Thanh An Commune, Thanh Hoa District, Long An Province. The cost investment is 80,000,000 VND, and the cost is 60,000,000 VND for operating per year. The results show that the proposed system has benefits for the environment, for example wastewater is collected and treated at is178 m3/day, reduce the emission of 756 tons CO2t/year. 50% the amount of pig manure (about 3 tons/day) is separated from pig shed discharges entering the biogas system. It also helps to increase household income (the expected income is about 160,000,000 VND/year, and the payback period is less than 1 year). In addition, solutions are used for alleviating soil acidity level, increase soil pH, and reducing aluminum toxicity in the area. This can help utilize difficult conditions of the acidic soil. Therefore, the proposed system can be applied widely for surrounding areas with similar livelihood activities, and natural conditions.
Reuse shrimp pond sedimentation to produce organic fertilizer in industrial scale
Authors: Nguyen Huyen Khon , Le Vi Quoc , Tran Hieu Thi , Tra Tung Van , Nguyen Thang Viet , Tran Kien Trung , Ho Tam Thi Thanh
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to reuse shrimp pond bottom sludge for industrial-scale organic fertilizer production, to reduce emissions from shrimp farming, and protect the environment. Sludge from the bottom of shrimp ponds is collected through channel settling with a filter net of 0.25 millimeters in size, rainwater is used to wash the salt content in the sludge of shrimp ponds. When the EC (Electrical Conductivity) of the sludge drops below 4 mS / cm, the sludge is mixed with dry straw at the rate of 1 ton of sludge with 250 kg of straw. The products of this rice straw and sludge mixing process are bio-fermented in two phases including anaerobic phase and aerobic phase. The results showed that the sludge-based fertilizers meet national technical regulation QCVN 01- 189: 2019/BNNPTNT. Of quality parameters, total organic carbon, macronutrients (N, P2O5, K2O), trace metals (Zn, Cu), and other heavy metals (Pb, Cd) are within the regulation limits. The paper also shows the potential of reusing shrimp pond bottom sludge for industrial-scale organic fertilizer production, with the possibility of utilizing nutrients contained in the sludge supplied to crops, especially reducing environmental pollution from intensive shrimp farming.
Industrial - agricultural symbiosis model for cassava starch production factory in Tay Ninh province
Authors: Võ Giàu Văn , Nguyễn Nam Thành
Published: April 2021

This study aims to propose an industrial-agricultural symbiosis model that applies the closed sloop eco-technical solutions for cassava starch production towards sustainable development. This study applies the AHP method to analyze nine alternatives and determines the best one based on 17 specific criteria for the typical cassava starch production plant in Tay Ninh province. The chosen model has 12 losed sloop solutions and can save about 40% groundwater, hundreds of cubic metre of water for irrigation in agriculture (to meet hundreds of hectares of crops), limit the lack of water in the dry season and water regulation from the Dau Tieng lake and reduce from 19-73% emissions from traffic,... Wastewater after Biogas is diluted in proportion for cassava is 28l wastewater/49l of clean water and the rubber tree is 8,5l of wastewater/7l of clean water and sugar-apple is 20l wastewater/20l of clean water wasto spray as a natural leaf fertilizer, limiting the use of NPK chemical fertilizers. Some indicators of wastewater after treatment show that it is suitable for use as fertilizer but suitable for nutrient development in the soil and increase nitrogen for plant development, reducing the cost of using stimulating fertilizers. In addition, production wastewater with high cyanide levels is also considered to dilute according to certain proportions as natural insecticidal drugs. These results show that industrial-agricultural symbiosis model bring great enviromental benifits for cassava starch industry and can be replicated in the future.
Historical, Contemporary and Psychological Viewpoints of Teacher’s Leadership
Authors: Kafia Elisabeta , Ibrahimi Silva , Ibrahimi Ervin
Published: April 2021

Today, in the 21st century, an increasing number of children and youth are facing disorders, problems and challenges regarding the nature of learning, psycho-emotional, social behavior, and further on. Today, the educational system faces not only a number of students with difficulties, but also the multitude of severity and complexity of the difficulties themselves. To successfully cope with these difficulties, immediate needs have arisen to redefine the role of the teacher as a leader in the school both in terms of teaching and in the form of reforming the roles and services that day-to-day access to students, parents and the wider community. The focus of this article is to present a broader and supportive view of the teacher leadership and its psychological and social training towards qualitative changes and ever-increasing demand for education-based training as a significant pre-requisite for EU integration.
Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Detection of pap and blaCTX-Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yazd Shaheed Sedughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Naghizadeh Hamid , Mardaneh Jalal ,   Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yazd Shaheed Sedughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Mosadegh Ahmad ,   Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yazd Shaheed Sedughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Astani Akram ,   Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
Published: April 2021

Aims Escherichia coli is one of the most important causes of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections in humans and can easily gain resistance to antibiotics consumed by humans and animals. The main objectives of this study were to assess antibiotic resistance outlines and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, including the blaCTX-M and pap among the E. coli isolates recovered from the urine of patients referred to Shaheed Madani Hospital (Bejestan, Northeast of Iran). Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2016 to March 2018. A total of 100 non-duplicate isolates of E. coli were recovered from the urine of patients referred to Shaheed Madani Hospital (Bejestan, Northeast of Iran). Antimicrobial susceptibility test and extended-spectrum-beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) production were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out for the detection and distribution of the pap virulence gene and blaCTX-M antibiotic resistance gene. Findings About 100 E. coli isolates were recovered from the urine sample of patients (21 male, and 79 female). Carbapenems were the most effective antibiotic against isolates. Four strains (4%) were resistant to colistin. Twenty-seven strains (27%) were ESBL-positive. Carbapenems were the most effective antibiotic against ESBL-positive strains. Also, 82% and 89% of isolates were blaCTX-M and pap gene positive, respectively. Conclusion This study has shown that ESBL-positive strains with a high level of drug resistance and virulence factors are a potential risk for hospital wards. Colistin resistant isolates found in our study are quite alarming.
The Process Corpus of English in Education: Going beyond the written text
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle
Published: April 2021

The Process Corpus of English in Education (PROCEED) is a learner corpus of English which, in addition to written texts, consists of data that make the writing process visible in the form of keystroke log files and screencast videos. It comes with rich metadata about each learner, among which indices of exposure to the target language and cognitive measures such as working memory or fluid intelligence. It also includes an L1 component which is made up of similar data produced by the learners in their mother tongue. PROCEED opens new perspectives in the study of learner writing, by going beyond the written product. It makes it possible to investigate aspects such as writing fluency, use of online resources, cognitive phenomena like automaticity and avoidance, or theoretical modelling of the writing process. It also has applications for teaching, e.g. by showing students screencast video clips from the corpus illustrating effective writing strategies, as well as for testing, e.g. by establishing a corpus-derived standard of writing fluency for learners at a certain proficiency level.
Monitoring of the cyanobacteria composition in bottom sediments of the water area of the Black and Azov seas along the coast of Crimea
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Andreeva N.A.
Published: April 2021

As a result of laboratory cultivation of bottom sediment samples taken during six expeditions at oceanographic stations of the coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas located along the coast of Crimea in different seasons of 2019‒2020, preliminary results on the distribution of cyanobacteria in the benthos of these areas were obtained. The development of cultivated forms of cyanobacteria was observed in 65 Black Sea samples at 54 stations and in all samples from the Sea of Azov. In the benthos of the Black and Azov Seas areas, representatives of 11 and 10 genera of cyanobacteria were identified, respectively, belonging to four orders: Synechococcales (Synechococcus, Rhabdoderma, Aphanocapsa, Merismopedia, Leptolyngbya), Chroococcales (Microcystis, Chroococcus), Oscillatoriales (including Spirulina), Nostocales (Anabaena, Nostoc, Scytonema). Representatives of the genus Microcystis were the most common in the bottom sediments of the Black Sea coast of Crimea, whereas in the Sea of Azov they were Microcystis and Oscillatoriales. Cyanobacteria with a deep violet color were often found, which indicates the predominance of phycoerythrin in the pigment complex of these cyanobacteria. The maximum number of cultivated forms of cyanobacteria in the bottom sediments of the Black Sea during the entire study period was registered in the euphotic zone, and the lowest – in the 100–1000 m zone. 40 batch cultures were obtained, from which new strains of cyanobacteria are be isolated. In the future, the research results can be used to monitor the ecological state of the coastal waters, while the isolated cyanobacteria strains can also be used for genetic, biotechnological, medical and other research.
Increasing the efficiency of the atmospheric air monitoring system in the city of Sevastopol
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Sigora G.A. , Gutnik S.A. ,   Sevastopol State University, Azarenkо E.I. ,   Sevastopol State University, Nichkova L.A. ,   Sevastopol State University, Khomenko T.Yu. ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: April 2021

This article summarizes the obtained results of assessing the effectiveness of monitoring of atmospheric air pollution in the city of Sevastopol by stationary and mobile sources and gives recommendations for its improving. Analysis of the existing air monitoring network shows that the monitoring system needs to be modernized due to a number of identified inconsistencies: the number of stationary posts in the city of Sevastopol does not meet the requirements of RD 52.04.186-89 and their number should be increased; the location of stationary posts does not allow obtaining an objective picture of air pollution in all areas of the city; the list of specific impurities subject to control requires clarification and justification based on the available data on the actual intake of pollutants into the city atmosphere; the location of checkpoints on highways does not cover all highways in the city. A list of the largest stationary pollution sources is compiled. Maximum permissible emissions of 243 enterprises are analyzed, including information on 1482 sources of emissions. The main sources of air pollution are revealed and their ranking by gross emissions is performed. An assessment of the data of field observations of atmospheric air pollution in the city of Sevastopol for compliance with the current standards is carried out and a preliminary list of pollutants is formulated to justify the expediency of their control at stationary and route points of the city. The article describes some aspects of a large-scale study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the air pollution monitoring in the city of Sevastopol. Other stages of research and proposals for modernizing the monitoring system are planned to be published in a series of subsequent articles.
Ranked classification of environmental conditions
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Skatkov A.V. , Bryukhovetskiy A.A. ,   Sevastopol State University, Moiseev D.V. ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the main features associated with the development and research of the device based on the methods of intelligent technology for assessing the state of the natural environment. It should be noted that natural and technical objects, as well as the processes occurring in them, are characterized by high complexity and dynamism, and a significant part of these processes has not yet been fully studied and formalized. Therefore, one of the most important areas of data analysis in this area is the use of artificial neural networks in information and measurement systems. In the works of scientists from various countries, the high efficiency of the use of artificial neural networks in solving individual data processing problems in the classification of environmental conditions is shown. The proposed approach is based on methods of nonparametric statistics using rank criteria and will allow for intelligent analysis of data on key environmental indicators, such as hydrometeorological data on the level of pollution and composition of air, soil, maximum permissible emissions of harmful substances, environmental monitoring of anomalies, and others. Static, dynamic, integral, and generalized models of classification of environmental conditions are presented. Further research plans suggest evaluating the impact of sample size on statistical sensitivity, statistical stability, and areas of confident/uncertain recognition, as well as building a decision support system for detecting the G-effect, and considering an adaptive approach to constructing an evaluation matrix.
Comparison of ocean datasets by their ability to adequately reproduce winter anomalies in the characteristics of the upper layer ot the north–eastern part of the North Atlantic
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Polonsky A.B. , Sukhonos P.A. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems
Published: April 2021

This article analyzes the reproducibility of the reemergence of temperature and upper mixed layer (UML) depth anomalies in the northeastern North Atlantic during severe weather conditions observed in the Atlantic-European region in the winter of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. The data of re-analyzes ORA-S3, GFDL, GODAS, GLORYS2v4 and objective analyzes Ishii, EN4.1.1 are used. It is confirmed that the formation of the negative temperature anomaly in UML in winter 2010/2011 is largely due to the reemergence of the ocean temperature anomaly that occurred in the winter of 2009/2010. Interannual UML depth anomalies in the northeastern North Atlantic from the ORA-S3 and GODAS reanalysis datasets from March 2009 to November 2011 are in satisfactory agreement. The best description of the evolution of temperature anomalies in the 10–550 m layer in 2010, in accordance with the hypothesis of the reemergence of the ocean temperature anomaly, was obtained for the UML depth from the indicated data sets. An assessment of the statistical features of the case of the reemergence of anomalies in the UML characteristics at a significant level showed the occurrence of the UML depth anomaly in the winter of 2010/2011, formed in the last autumn-winter period. Moreover, such specific conditions could not have formed in the early 2000s.
Optimization of “human-machine-environment” system: human operator reliability assessment
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Shvetsova V.I.
Published: April 2021

This article highlights the need to take into account the human component when solving optimization problems in the “man-machine-environment” system. However, currently there are no methods for quantifying the human operator reliability in such systems. An approach for assessing the human operator reliability is proposed. The mathematical apparatus for describing the human operator reliability in the ergatic system based on the Markov theory of random state transitions described by a polynomial system of differential equations for each human operation in the system in a theoretical form is presented. The implementation of this mathematical apparatus assumes the availability of statistical and experimental data on the failure rates and restoration of its productivity. The possibility of the designer to assess the final probability of the human operator of the ergatic environmental control system for one of the most critical operations (to achieve the final goal) in the absence of statistical (experimental) data by analogy with the “weak” link in the technical system is justified. The methodological solution for assessing the human operator reliability in an ergatic control system based on experimental data using the example of a manual trigger of a fire alarm system, based on the expression of a standard pointer in the form of a readiness factor of technical products is shown. The experiment was conducted on a stand assembled from commercially available products, simulating a fire alarm device. In the article the experimental research results by four age groups and their statistical processing are presented.
Identification of the surface temperature change in the Atlantic-European and Mediterranean regions using ERA5 re-analysis
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Polonsky A.B. , Beytser S.S. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the seasonal, interannual and inter-decadal variability of the surface / drive temperature of the Atlantic-European and Mediterranean regions, as well as assesses temperature trends. The information is based on the data of the re-analysis of ERA5. This is one of the latest climate re-analyses, which was performed by specialists of the European Center for Medium-term Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with a spatial resolution of 0.25°x0.25°. We analyzed hourly data for 41 years, from 1979 to 2019 for two periods: the entire re-analysis period and the thirty-year climate period from 1990 to 2019. The purpose of the analysis was to clarify the relative role of natural quasi-periodic changes in temperature and the trend component of presumably anthropogenic origin. The most important role of natural temperature changes on time scales from interannual to inter-decennial is confirmed. Linear temperature trends calculated over the last climate period of thirty years are responsible for the increase in temperature over the mainland areas to 3°C over 30 years. At the same time, over a significant part of the north-eastern Atlantic and adjacent land areas, the linear trends estimated over a thirty-year period are insignificant. Natural quasi-periodic components of variability prevail here. As the analyzed period increases, the areas of significant temperature trends expand. In the area of the Canary and Portuguese upwelling, a decrease in the driving temperature is observed, confirming the validity of the hypothesis of A. Bakun of the intensification of the eastern coastal upwelling systems in the contemporary climate epoch.
Trends in the change of ice concentration and air temperature in the Arctic region
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Marchukova O.V. , Voskresenskaya E.N. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems
Published: April 2021

The article analyses monthly spatial distributions of linear trend coefficients from 1950 to 2019 in the Arctic region using data from the NCEP/NCAR and ERA5 reanalysis on surface air temperature and the HadISST data array on ice concentration. To assess the reliability of the maximum trend values, the observational data in the areas are used. Additionally, the role of the North Atlantic in the air temperature and ice concentration changes in the Arctic region is considered. As a result of the climatic change analysis in the Arctic using different types of reanalysis and observation data, it is revealed that the temperature increases, whereas the ice cover decreases in this region, but it occurs unevenly over the seasons. The maximum values of the air temperature trends are characteristic of the winter period and consistent with the positive NAO trend. Warming is especially pronounced near Spitsbergen Island, Franz Josef Land and the northern part of New Earth Island. According to the observational data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the trends vary from 2 to 2.8°C/10 years, while according to ERA 5, these values are overestimated by about 30%. Intense warming is also observed in October and November in the Beaufort Sea region, according to both NCEP/NCAR and ERA 5 data. Trend values of the air temperature in October and November in these regions from two reanalyses are from 1,8 to 2,4°C/10 years. Both reanalysis overestimate the values compared to the real station data. The maximum ice melting occurs from August to October. At the same time, in September and October the area of the ice cover formation has almost halved in 70 years. In turn, the decrease in ice cover causes a decrease in reflectivity of the underlying Arctic surface, and this is one of the feedback elements in the warming of this region.
The use of marine microalgae for biotesting the waters of Sevastopol bays
Authors:   The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas of RAS, Stelmakh L.V. , Kovrigina N.P. ,   The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas of RAS
Published: April 2021

For biotesting the marine environment, multicellular organisms are often used, primarily fish and their embryos. However, microalgae are still not used sufficiently enough for this purpose, the number of tested species is extremely limited. The aim of this work was to study the response of three species of planktonic microalgae to the complex pollution of the Black Sea coastal waters in the Sevastopol region and to assess the possibility of their application for biotesting. The studies were carried out on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and two dinoflagellates Prorocentrum cordatum and Gyrodinium fissum. To characterize the level of pollution of surface waters with organic substances, two indicators were used: BOС5 (biological oxygen consumption) and permanganate oxidizability. Evaluation of the effect of the water sample pollution on microalgae was carried out by the comparison between the coefficient of increase in the abundance of microalgae cells (Xk) in the experiment and the control one. Laboratory experiments carried out in the summer and autumn periods made it possible to reveal, in most cases, a weak depressing effect of the studied waters pollution on the microalgae growth. Occasionally, this effect reached a chronic level. In the summer period (in June), a stimulating effect of water pollution on the growth of dinoflagellates was observed, reaching the level of subacute level in 50% of cases. The necessity of using several types of microalgae of different taxonomic affiliation when performing biotesting of sea waters is highlighted.
Possibilities of analysis of chronic contamination of water sources using bioelectronic systems with bivalve mollusks
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Gaisky P.V.
Published: April 2021

An independent experimental experience of observations of marine mussels (Black Sea mussel Mutilus galloprovincialis) since 2008 in the coastal zone and of freshwater mussels (pearl Unio pictorum) since 2014 at the river water intake point when developing and maintaining automated bioelectronic complexes at control facilities allowed accumulating data on valve activity in various natural conditions. The analysis of the data obtained determined statistical and methodological regional (Crimea) estimates of the valve activity of biosensor mollusks, including annual seasonal and climatic variability, daily and semi-daily periodicity and attenuation against the background of chronic toxicosis, starvation and physiological aging. Studies show that the main indicator of chronic pollution in water bodies for the developed automated biomonitoring systems is the level of group valve activity, which, in case of environmental toxicity, has a pronounced trend towards decline. Inter-annual variability can be analyzed by meeting a number of requirements for the composition and conditions of use of reference groups of mollusks, as well as by considering climate changes. The informativity, from the point of view of autonomous long-term automation of the control process, daily and semi-daily seasonal rhythms is quite doubtful, because they are unstable in the natural environment and depend on a number of natural factors unrelated to toxic pollution. It can be concluded that the main purpose of bioelectronic monitoring systems remains operational analysis and integrated indication of sudden impacts.
Multi-purpose information-measuring system for vertical profiling of the ocean environment
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Krasnodubets L.A. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems
Published: April 2021

On the basis of a mathematical description of the processes of measuring the vertical profile of the density of the oceanic environment using a diving offshore autonomous probe – a profiler equipped with an onboard navigation system, a structure and a computer model of a multipurpose information-measuring system is proposed, which is intended for use in operational oceanology. The proposed system forms arrays of measurements of vertical profiles in situ of the density of seawater and its increment, as well as the speed of sound as functions of hydrostatic pressure, obtained during one sounding. At the same time, arrays of complete and thermohaline vertical stability of water layers, as well as the corresponding vertical distributions of the Väisälä-Brunt frequency of thermohaline oscillations in the stratified ocean environment, are formed almost in parallel. In the course of the simulation, an original model of the immersion of an autonomous marine probe in stratified sea water was used, as well as a dynamic model for measuring the trajectory parameters of its movement, taking into account the inertial properties of the acceleration and pressure sensors used. As an object of measurements, we used a simulation model of the ocean environment with vertical density stratification and the corresponding speed of sound in seawater, developed on the basis of real data of profile measurements obtained from specific hydrological stations. The verification of the models of the dynamic measurement processes was carried out by the method of computer simulation in the MATLAB & Simulink environment based on the comparison between the simulation results and available results from the hydrological stations. The illustrations of the results of computer simulation are presented.