bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Delirium Prevention Guidelines on Elderly Stroke Patients
Authors: Song Jihye , Lee Minkyung , Jung Dukyoo
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the delirium prevention interventions recommended by the Delirium Prevention Guidelines for Elderly Stroke Patients (DPGESP). The DPGESP comprises nine dimensions with 28 interventions, including risk factor assessment, orientation disorder prevention, sleeping pattern maintenance, sensory interventions, constipation, dehydration, hypoxia and infection prevention, pain management, and appropriate nutrition maintenance. This quasi-experimental study used a nonequivalent control group and a pretest–posttest design. The experimental and control groups each included 54 patients, and the participants were elderly patients who were admitted to the stroke unit. The study outcomes were the delirium incidence and severity, stroke impact, and length of hospitalization. Posttest values for delirium incidence, severity, stroke impact, and length of hospitalization were significantly improved in the experimental group. Implementation of the DPGESP had beneficial effects on the delirium incidence and severity, stroke impact, and length of hospitalization among elderly patients admitted to a stroke unit.
Intimate Partner Violence and Intergenerational Trauma Among Indigenous Women
Authors: Hoffart Renée , Jones Nicholas A.
Published: July 2017

The establishment of the Indian Residential Schools by the Canadian federal government to assimilate indigenous peoples to European and Christian ideals has had generational repercussions on Canada’s indigenous peoples. Many emotional, physical, and sexual abuses occurred within these schools resulting in significant trauma within this population. In order to shed light on these impacts, indigenous women were interviewed about their experiences with these schools. Thematic network analysis was used to analyze the data, and a number of themes emerged, including identifying the relationships between residential schools, intergenerational trauma, and the normalization of intimate partner violence (IPV) in domestic relationships. The findings add to the existing discourse on IPV in indigenous populations and may be used to inform violence reduction strategies.
Partisanship and Perceptions of Party-Line Voting in Congress
Authors: Dancey Logan , Sheagley Geoffrey
Published: July 2017

This paper explores public perceptions of congressional partisanship in an era of polarized parties. We use data from a module on the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) that asks respondents about the voting behavior of their legislators. Our results show that individuals underestimate the extent to which legislators from their own party vote the party line—even when primed with information about high levels of party-line voting in Congress—while fairly accurately perceiving levels of unity in the opposing party. We also find evidence that this perceptual gap endures, and at times widens, at higher levels of political knowledge and in the presence of elections. Finally, in a separate experiment, we explore how voters respond to differential levels of party-line voting by a hypothetical legislator. The combined results from the experiment and CCES module suggest voters’ perceptions often align with what allows them to have the most favorable impression of their party’s senators or unfavorable impression of the other party’s senators. The results suggest that biases in how voters process information about levels of partisanship in Congress may limit accountability in meaningful ways.
Comparable Consistency, Coherence, and Commonality of Measures of Cognitive Functioning Across Adulthood
Authors: Salthouse Timothy A.
Published: July 2017

Increased age is associated with lower scores in many cognitive tests, but interpretation of those results is based on the assumption that the measurement at different ages is equivalent, such that the differences reflect quantitative rather than qualitative changes. The assumption of measurement equivalence was investigated by comparing adult age differences in the relations among alternative versions of the same tests, among different tests of the same ability, and among different cognitive abilities. Results from three independent data sets revealed that only modest age differences were apparent at each level, which implies that cognitive abilities have similar measurement properties at different ages in adulthood.
The Relationship Between Mutuality and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Child Caregivers in China
Authors: Pan Yuqin , Jones Patricia S. , Pothier Patricia
Published: July 2017

The strain inherent in caregiving relationships between adult children and aging parents is a prominent issue in contemporary China due to a combination of demographic and socioeconomic changes. The purpose of this study was to explore how mutuality, a positive quality of caregiving relationships, contributes to the physical health and mental health (health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) of adult child caregivers [ACCs] of parent stroke survivors. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on a nonproportional quota sample of 126 ACCs, using questionnaires of demographics, the 15-item Mutuality Scale, and the Second Version of the Standard 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12v2). Higher mutuality was found to be correlated with better caregiver physical health and mental health. However, after adjusting for the covariates, mutuality significantly explained 4.6% of the variance of caregiver physical health (β = .22, ΔR2 = .046, p < .01) but it did not significantly explain the variance of caregiver mental health. Although multiple factors correlate with Chinese family caregivers’ HRQoL, this was the first study exploring the impact of caregiver–care receiver dyadic relationships on caregiver HRQoL in mainland China by using a mutuality scale with SF-12v2. Despite the fact that the Chinese tradition of filial piety can facilitate mutuality, socioeconomic changes and legislation that require adult children to care for aging parents appear to create high stress among family caregivers. Higher levels of mutuality contribute to better physical health in Chinese family caregivers. Therefore, culturally appropriate family nursing strategies and social policies in China could enhance caregiver mutuality and potentially promote their HRQoL, in particular physical health.
Can pharmacological manipulation of LTP favor the effects of motor rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Stampanoni Bassi Mario , Leocani Letizia , Comi Giancarlo , Iezzi Ennio , Centonze Diego
Published: July 2017

Background:

Synaptic plasticity, the basic mechanism of clinical recovery after brain lesion, can also remarkably influence the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical rehabilitation represents the main treatment option to promote synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and to enhance spontaneous recovery of neurological deficits.

Objectives:

To overview the role of pharmacological treatment and physical rehabilitation in modulating LTP and enhancing clinical recovery in MS.

Results:

Drug-induced LTP enhancement can be effectively used to promote functional recovery, alone or combined with rehabilitation. Also, as inflammatory cytokines alter synaptic transmission and plasticity in MS, pharmacological resolution of inflammation can positively influence clinical recovery. Finally, physical exercise could be an independent factor able to preserve or enhance LTP reserve both influencing signaling pathways involved in plasticity induction and maintenance, and decreasing inflammation.

Future directions:

Better knowledge of LTP determinants may be useful to design specific strategies to promote recovery after a relapse and to reduce the progressive neurological deterioration in MS patients.
Large class teaching: How does one go about the task of moderating large volumes of assessment?
Authors: Broadbent Jaclyn
Published: July 2017

There is limited research on the quality of assessment moderation in large classes. Effective moderation practices can improve reliability, as well as reduce marker bias, attenuate prevalence of ‘hard’ or ‘soft’ markers, increase student and staff confidence in marking, and enhance the development of staff. This article shares a marking moderation practice used in large class teaching (>1500 students). The article highlights the importance of (1) including resources/communication that are provided to markers in order to facilitate a shared understanding and interpretation of the marking criteria; (2) incorporating multiple points of double marking to detect differences in marker performance over time that may have been brought on by fatigue, tight timelines or inexperience; and (3) developing markers’ skills early through formative feedback to acquire self-sufficiency, accuracy and expertise in the grading process. The practice of moderation utilised in this article overcomes some of the challenges of moderating large volumes of assessments. Particularly, the use of audio feedback and video resources was deemed the most novel and useful.
A high-fidelity method for genomic sequencing of single somatic cells reveals a very high mutational burden
Authors: Vijg Jan , Dong Xiao , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2017

Postzygotic mutations in somatic cells lead to genome mosaicism and can be the cause of cancer, possibly other human diseases and aging. Somatic mutations are difficult to detect in bulk tissue samples. Here, we review the available assays for measuring somatic mutations, with a focus on recent single-cell, whole genome sequencing methods.

Impact statement

Somatic mutations cause cancer, possibly other diseases and aging. Yet, very little is known about the frequency of such mutations in vivo, their distribution across the genome, and their possible functional consequences other than cancer. Even in cancer, we do not know the heterogeneity of mutations within a tumor and if seemingly normal cells in its surroundings already have elevated mutation frequencies. Here, we review a new, whole genome amplification system that allows accurate quantification and characterization of single-cell mutational landscapes in human cells and tissues in relation to disease.
Menstrual Education and Personal Hygiene Supplies to Empower Young Women in Haiti
Authors: Coker-Bolt Patricia , Jansson Annika , Bigg Sherridan , Hammond Elizabeth , Hudson Harmony , Hunkler Sarah , Kitch Jana , Richardson Heather , Tiedemann Erica , O’Flynn Janet , Laurent Marie Dominque
Published: July 2017

Recent studies report that Haitian women are concerned about unmet women’s health issues. The Days for Girls (DfG) International program features women’s health education and personal hygiene kits to ensure women understand the process of menstruation and sanitary hygiene practices. The aim was to train Haitian seamstresses to produce the DfG kits during an in-country workshop and investigate the perceived benefit of the DfG program in young women who used the DfG kits. Posttest only design was used to measure the effectiveness of DfG workshop and postsurvey to study perception of women using DfG kits. It was found that the workshop participants demonstrated an understanding of the DfG program (90% average). Forty-four young women (89.8%) who used the DfG hygiene kits for 2 months agreed that there is a need for feminine hygiene programs in Haiti and that the kits were easy to use and clean (97.1% and 92.1%, respectively). The DfG program could provide a cost-effective feminine hygiene program for Haiti and decrease waste from traditional hygiene products.
The Role of Workplace Popularity: Links to Employee Characteristics and Supervisor-Rated Outcomes
Authors: Garden Rebecca , Hu Xiaoxiao , Zhan Yujie , Wei Feng
Published: July 2017

Popularity in the workplace is relatively unexplored but has multiple potential applications in organizations. This field study uses data collected from 223 supervisor–subordinate dyads at various organizations in China to examine core self-evaluation (CSE) as an antecedent of employee popularity, the ability of political skill and work engagement to predict popularity above and beyond CSE, and the moderating roles of political skill and work engagement on the relationship between CSE and popularity. The current research also extends potential effects of workplace popularity beyond coworker-related outcomes to supervisor trust and task performance ratings for popular employees. Results showed that political skill and work engagement relate to popularity above and beyond CSE and moderate the CSE–popularity relationship. Employees’ popularity is also positively associated with supervisor trust and task performance ratings. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
The impact of panenteric capsule endoscopy on the management of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Eliakim Rami
Published: July 2017

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, in most patients involving the small and large bowel. In recent years, with the use of small bowel video capsule endoscopy (SBCE), it has become clear that in 50% or more of adults with established CD there is not only distal but also proximal small bowel involvement that suggests poor prognosis.

A great deal of effort has been put into early diagnosis and stratification of patients into low versus high risk, thus directing treatment from step-up, or accelerated step-up, to top-down therapies.

SBCE has been used for assessment of small bowel pathologies for over 15 years, mainly for occult gastrointestinal bleeding and suspected CD. In recent years, a colonic capsule, with cameras on both sides and a wider angle of view, has been developed and is used by some to survey both small and large bowel. Recently the same capsule, with adjustments, has been released in Europe, concentrating (with specialized software) on inflammatory bowel disease.

In this review I summarize the new data regarding the use of SBCE as well as the small bowel colon (SBC) versions of capsule endoscopy in established CD and the ways these could alter the management of such patients.
Clinical Problem-Solving: Lethargy and Fever in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Snider Samuel , Stojanovic Konstantin , Donnelly Dustin , Etherton Mark , Feske Steven K. , Izzy Saef
Published: July 2017

We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a glioblastoma multiforme on immunosuppressive steroid doses who developed lethargy and fever. We review the differential diagnosis and emphasize the importance of reframing the case when the clinical course differs from expectation. Once the diagnosis is evident, we discuss the incidence and clinical course in different patient populations.
Potential of small-molecule fungal metabolites in antiviral chemotherapy
Authors: Roy Biswajit G
Published: July 2017

Various viral diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, influenza, and hepatitis, have emerged as leading causes of human death worldwide. Scientific endeavor since invention of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of pox virus in 1967 resulted in better understanding of virus replication and development of various novel therapeutic strategies. Despite considerable advancement in every facet of drug discovery process, development of commercially viable, safe, and effective drugs for these viruses still remains a big challenge. Decades of intense research yielded a handful of natural and synthetic therapeutic options. But emergence of new viruses and drug-resistant viral strains had made new drug development process a never-ending battle. Small-molecule fungal metabolites due to their vast diversity, stereochemical complexity, and preapproved biocompatibility always remain an attractive source for new drug discovery. Though, exploration of therapeutic importance of fungal metabolites has started early with discovery of penicillin, recent prediction asserted that only a small percentage (5–10%) of fungal species have been identified and much less have been scientifically investigated. Therefore, exploration of new fungal metabolites, their bioassay, and subsequent mechanistic study bears huge importance in new drug discovery endeavors. Though no fungal metabolites so far approved for antiviral treatment, many of these exhibited high potential against various viral diseases. This review comprehensively discussed about antiviral activities of fungal metabolites of diverse origin against some important viral diseases. This also highlighted the mechanistic details of inhibition of viral replication along with structure–activity relationship of some common and important classes of fungal metabolites.
Shame Proneness, Shame Coping, and Functions of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) Among Emerging Adults
Authors: Mahtani Shireen , Melvin Glenn A. , Hasking Penelope
Published: July 2017

Shame proneness (i.e., experiencing shame in a trait-like manner) and internalizing shame coping styles (e.g., withdrawing/attacking one’s self when feeling shame) predict distress, psychopathology, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among emerging adults. Parental invalidation is instrumental in the development of both maladaptive shame and NSSI. In this study, we proposed that shame proneness and internalized shame coping would link perceived parental invalidation and psychological distress to NSSI functions among emerging adults. A sample of 384 Australian emerging adults with a history of NSSI ( M age = 20.7 years, SD = 2.25; 81.3% female, 61.2% Caucasian) completed online self-reports assessing the relevant constructs. Hypothesized indirect effects through shame proneness and internalized shame coping were supported when participants reported using NSSI for intrapersonal (e.g., self-punishment), but not interpersonal (e.g., signaling autonomy), functions. Findings advance theories on why some young people engage in NSSI and implicate perceived parental invalidation and shame as potential clinical targets for NSSI. warranting further research.
Promotion of fracture healing by conjugated linoleic acid in rats
Authors: Shan Zhongshu , Luo Zong-Ping , Shen Xiaozhong , Chen Liang
Published: July 2017

Background:

The ability of fracture healing in Tibetans is significantly superior to Chinese Hans, which may attribute to factors from diet, altitude to physical conditions. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an important ingredient in Tibetan diet, playing a role in antioxidation, antiatherosclerosis, and decrease in body fat accumulation. 

Methods:

This study further quantified CLA effect in fracture healing in rats using combined structural evaluation (X-ray and micro-computed tomography), biomechanical test, and histological examination.

Results:

CLA could promote fracture healing with quicker development of trabecular connection, network and thickening and were more active at the stage of bony union and remodeling. The load to failure could reach 78.12 ± 10.03 N, 41.4% stronger than the control by week 6 ( p = 0.0209).

Conclusions:

CLA improved the quality and mechanical strength of fracture healing in rats callus. The information may offer insight in development of new therapeutic strategies of fracture healing for general populations beyond Tibetans.
Unique Sonographic Presentation of Distal Intersection Syndrome
Authors: Li Tony Y.
Published: July 2017

Distal intersection syndrome is the tenosynovitis of the second compartment and the third compartment, at their cross point, in the dorsal wrist. It is a rare disorder presenting with pain, swelling, and tenderness in Lister’s tubercle area of the wrist. One of the causes may be the pulley effect of Lister’s tubercle on the third compartment, where the resultant tenosynovitis can spread to the second compartment through their communication foramen. This case of distal intersection syndrome is induced by hyperflexion and abduction injury of the thumb, which may have caused tenosynovitis of the third compartment by overstretching over Lister’s tubercle. It is unique that in addition to the typical presentation of the syndrome with tenosynovitis of the second and third compartments, the fourth compartment also displayed tenosynovitis. This extra presentation may result from the possible communication between the third and fourth compartments.
Immunoassay for human serum erythroferrone
Authors: Ganz Tomas , Jung Grace , Naeim Arash , Ginzburg Yelena , Pakbaz Zahra , Walter Patrick B. , Kautz Léon , Nemeth Elizabeta
Published: July 2017

Key Points

Human serum ERFE shows similar pathophysiological responses to mouse models.
Neisseria lactamica Y92–1009 complete genome sequence
Authors: Pandey Anish K. , Cleary David W. , Laver Jay R. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Didelot Xavier , Gorringe Andrew , Read Robert C.
Published: July 2017

We present the high quality, complete genome assembly of Neisseria lactamica Y92–1009 used to manufacture an outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-based vaccine, and a member of the Neisseria genus. The strain is available on request from the Public Health England Meningococcal Reference Unit. This Gram negative, dipplococcoid bacterium is an organism of worldwide clinical interest because human nasopharyngeal carriage is related inversely to the incidence of meningococcal disease, caused by Neisseria meningitidis. The organism sequenced was isolated during a school carriage survey in Northern Ireland in 1992 and has been the subject of a variety of laboratory and clinical studies. Four SMRT cells on a RSII machine by Pacific Biosystems were used to produce a complete, closed genome assembly. Sequence data were obtained for a total of 30,180,391 bases from 2621 reads and assembled using the HGAP algorithm. The assembly was corrected using short reads obtained from an Illumina HiSeq 2000instrument. This resulted in a 2,146,723 bp assembly with approximately 460 fold mean coverage depth and a GC ratio of 52.3%.
Plantarvenenthrombose bei postoperativer Immobilisierung und Infektion des Fußes
Authors: Korsake K. , Korsake K. , Weiß B. , Paul A.
Published: July 2017

Die Diagnostik und Therapie eines 72-jährigen Patienten mit zunehmenden Fußschmerzen, Rötung und Schwellung eine Woche nach der Osteosynthese des trimalleolären Sprunggelenkfraktur und Immobilisierung wird vorgestellt. Zuerst erfolgte eine röntgenologische Diagnostik nach der, bei unauffälligem Befund, eine Abklärung in der angiologischen Praxis erfolgte. Nach einer klinischen und duplexsonographischen Untersuchung sind eine Fußphlegmone und eine isolierte Plantarvenenthrombose diagnostiziert worden, die mit Antikoagulation, Kompressionstherapie und Antibiose erfolgreich behandelt wurden.
What phlebologists need to know about geriatric medicine
Authors: Friedrich C.
Published: July 2017

Superimposed comorbidities and geriatric syndromes not only make the investigation and diagnosis of elderly and very old patients more difficult, but also present a considerable challenge to treatment, especially with regard to pharmacotherapy. Besides experiencing the physiological effects of ageing, these patents show the highest exposure to medication. At the same time, the number of doctors involved in their treatment increases, which generally results in an incomplete knowledge of all the drugs being taken. In the context of phlebological treatment, it is therefore helpful to know about the most important potentially risky medications, especially where anticoagulants are concerned, and about possible hazardous interactions with ECG changes. If the compatibility of a particular combination is not known, an electronic drug interaction check should always be carried out.

Starting elderly patients at a low dosage and slowly titrating the dose to reach the target dose is a useful therapeutic principle, so that the altered distribution volumes and elimination capacity can be taken into account. An exception is made for antibiotic therapy, in which case the first dose should not be reduced, so that adequate serum levels can be achieved at an early stage.

If treatment fails, the possibility of unintentional non-compliance due to mild cognitive impairment must always be considered and assessed if necessary. The early integration of geriatric treatment concepts should be considered to avoid everyday functional restrictions.
Pediatric hereditary angioedema: an update
Authors: Sabharwal Geetika , Craig Timothy
Published: July 2017

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1-inhibitor (C1-Inh) deficiency (C1-Inh-HAE) is a rare, life-threatening, and disabling genetic disorder characterized by self-limited tissue swelling caused by deficiency or dysfunction of C1-Inh. Our aim in this update is to discuss new advances in HAE therapy, focusing mainly on the various treatment options that have become available recently and also drugs that are under trial for prophylaxis to prevent attacks. There is a paradigm shift to where the treatment of HAE is headed, focusing now on prophylactic treatment rather than abortive management.
Glucocorticoid receptor action in metabolic and neuronal function
Authors: Garabedian Michael J. , Harris Charles A. , Jeanneteau Freddy
Published: July 2017

Glucocorticoids via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have effects on a variety of cell types, eliciting important physiological responses via changes in gene expression and signaling. Although decades of research have illuminated the mechanism of how this important steroid receptor controls gene expression using in vitro and cell culture–based approaches, how GR responds to changes in external signals in vivo under normal and pathological conditions remains elusive. The goal of this review is to highlight recent work on GR action in fat cells and liver to affect metabolism in vivo and the role GR ligands and receptor phosphorylation play in calibrating signaling outputs by GR in the brain in health and disease. We also suggest that both the brain and fat tissue communicate to affect physiology and behavior and that understanding this “brain-fat axis” will enable a more complete understanding of metabolic diseases and inform new ways to target them.
Recent advances in molecular pathology of craniopharyngioma
Authors: Larkin Sarah , Karavitaki Niki
Published: July 2017

Craniopharyngiomas are rare epithelial tumours arising along the path of the craniopharyngeal duct. Two major histological subtypes have been recognised, the papillary and the adamantinomatous. Craniopharyngiomas remain challenging tumours to manage and are associated with significant morbidities and mortality. Recent advances in the molecular pathology of these neoplasms have identified BRAF mutations in the papillary variant, offering promising options for targeted pharmacological treatment. The involvement of β-catenin and the Wnt pathway in the tumorigenesis of the adamantinomatous subtype has been previously established with the identification of stabilising mutations in exon 3 of CTNNB1. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of this subtype has been facilitated with the use of mouse models and xenograft experiments. It has been proposed that the clusters of cells with upregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling induce tumour formation in a paracrine manner; the complex interactions occurring between different cell populations need to be further clarified for further expansion of this hypothesis. This review outlines recent key advances in our understanding of the molecular pathology of craniopharyngiomas and discusses some of the challenges that need to be overcome for the development of targeted therapies that will hopefully improve the management and the outcomes of these patients.
Parasites lacking the micronemal protein MIC2 are deficient in surface attachment and host cell egress, but remain virulent in vivo
Authors: Gras Simon , Jackson Allison , Woods Stuart , Pall Gurman , Whitelaw Jamie , Leung Jacqueline M. , Ward Gary E. , Roberts Craig W. , Meissner Markus
Published: July 2017

Background: Micronemal proteins of the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family are believed to play essential roles during gliding motility and host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites, and currently represent major vaccine candidates against Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. However, recent evidence suggests that they play multiple and different roles than previously assumed. Here, we analyse a null mutant for MIC2, the TRAP homolog in Toxoplasma gondii. Methods: We performed a careful analysis of parasite motility in a 3D-environment, attachment under shear stress conditions, host cell invasion and in vivo virulence. Results: We verified the role of MIC2 in efficient surface attachment, but were unable to identify any direct function of MIC2 in sustaining gliding motility or host cell invasion once initiated. Furthermore, we find that deletion of mic2 causes a slightly delayed infection in vivo, leading only to mild attenuation of virulence; like with wildtype parasites, inoculation with even low numbers of mic2 KO parasites causes lethal disease in mice. However, deletion of mic2 causes delayed host cell egress in vitro, possibly via disrupted signal transduction pathways. Conclusions: We confirm a critical role of MIC2 in parasite attachment to the surface, leading to reduced parasite motility and host cell invasion. However, MIC2 appears to not be critical for gliding motility or host cell invasion, since parasite speed during these processes is unaffected. Furthermore, deletion of MIC2 leads only to slight attenuation of the parasite.
Great Canadian Lagerstätten 6. Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve, Southeast Newfoundland
Authors: Liu Alexander G. , Matthews Jack J.
Published: July 2017

Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve (MPER) World Heritage Site, on the southeastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada, is one of the foremost global Ediacaran fossil localities. MPER contains some of the oldest known assemblages of the soft-bodied Ediacaran macrobiota, and its fossils have contributed significantly to Ediacaran paleobiological research since their initial discovery in 1967. Preservation of multiple in situ benthic paleocommunities, some comprising thousands of specimens, has enabled research into Ediacaran paleoecology, ontogeny, taphonomy, taxonomy and morphology, offering insights into the possible phylogenetic positions of Ediacaran taxa within the tree of life. Meanwhile, a thick and continuous geological record enables the fossils to be placed within a well-resolved temporal and paleoenvironmental context spanning an interval of at least 10 million years. This article reviews the history of paleontological research at MPER, and highlights key discoveries that have shaped global thinking on the Ediacaran macrobiota.RÉSUMÉLe site du Patrimoine mondial de la Réserve écologique de Mistaken Point (MPER), sur la côte sud-est de Terre-Neuve, au Canada, est l'une des principales localités fossilifères édiacariennes de la planète. Le MPER renferme quelques-uns des plus anciens assemblages connus de macrobiote édicarien à parties molles, et ses fossiles ont contribué de manière significative à la recherche paléobiologique édiacarienne depuis leur découverte en 1967. La préservation de multiples paléocommunautés benthiques in situ, dont certaines comptant des milliers de spécimens, a permis de faire des recherches en paléoécologie, ontogenèse, taphonomie, taxonomie et morphologie de biotes édiacariens, ce qui a permis d’avoir un aperçu de différentes positions phylogénétiques possibles des taxons édiacariens dans l'arborescence biologique. Aussi, grâce à une colonne géologique épaisse et continue, on a pu placer ces fossiles dans un contexte temporel et paléoenvironnemental bien circonscrit qui s’étend sur un intervalle d'au moins 10 millions d'années. Cet article passe en revue l'histoire de la recherche paléontologique au MPER et souligne les découvertes majeures qui ont façonné la réflexion sur le macrobiote édiacarien.
The 'Rock ‘n’ Fossil Road Show:' An Enduring Earth Science Educational Outreach Initiative in Calgary, Alberta
Authors: MacNaughton Robert , Nowlan Godfrey , McCracken Alexander , Fallas Karen
Published: July 2017

Since 2004, the Calgary office of the Geological Survey of Canada has been holding ‘Rock ‘n’ Fossil Road Shows’ at Calgary Public Library branches, in partnership with the Alberta Science Network and the Alberta Palaeontological Society. These now-annual earth science education outreach events have given more than 3700 people of all ages the opportunity to view, examine, and learn about GSC-Calgary’s collection of rocks, minerals, and fossils (including many museum quality pieces), have their own samples and collections identified by experts, and gain a better understanding of local and regional geology. This article describes what goes into organizing these events, reviews their evolution, and discusses reasons for their enduring success. The ‘Road Show’ approach can be viable in a range of settings and may be a good educational outreach option for research institutes with collections of interesting geological specimens and a critical mass of interested staff.RÉSUMÉDepuis 2004, le bureau de Calgary de la Commission géologique du Canada tient des représentations de son spectacle itinérant « Roche et fossiles » dans les succursales de la bibliothèque publique de Calgary, en partenariat avec l’Alberta Science Network et l’Alberta Palaeontological Society. Ces activités de rayonnement en sciences de la Terre, maintenant annuels, ont déjà offert à plus de 3700 personnes de tous âges la possibilité de voir, d'examiner et d'apprendre à partir de la collection de roches, de minéraux et de fossiles de la CGC-Calgary (certaines pièces de qualité muséale), et de voir leurs propres échantillons et collections identifiés par des experts, et ainsi obtenir une meilleure compréhension de la géologie locale et régionale. Le présent article décrit les détails de l'organisation de ces événements, retrace leur évolution et revoit les raisons de leur succès durable. L'approche du « spectacle itinérant » peut être viable dans différents contextes et peut être une bonne option de sensibilisation éducative pour les instituts de recherche disposant de collections de spécimens géologiques intéressants et d’une masse critique d’employés intéressés.
Technical Note—Optimal Long-Term Supply Contracts with Asymmetric Demand Information
Authors: Lobel Ilan , Xiao Wenqiang
Published: July 2017

We consider a manufacturer selling to a retailer with private demand information arising dynamically over an infinite time horizon. Under a backlogging model, we show that the manufacturer’s optimal dynamic long-term contract takes a simple form: in the first period, based on her private demand forecast, the retailer selects a wholesale price and pays an associated upfront fee, and, from then on, the two parties stick to a simple wholesale price contract with the retailer’s chosen price. Under a lost sales model, we show that the structure of the optimal long-term contract combines a menu of wholesale pricing contracts with an option that, if exercised by the retailer, reduces future wholesale prices in exchange for an immediate payment to the manufacturer.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1626 .
Using Experts’ Noisy Quantile Judgments to Quantify Risks: Theory and Application to Agribusiness
Authors: Bansal Saurabh , Gutierrez Genaro J. , Keiser John R.
Published: July 2017

Motivated by a unique agribusiness setting, this paper develops an optimization-based approach to estimate the mean and standard deviation of probability distributions from noisy quantile judgments provided by experts. The approach estimates the mean and standard deviations as weighted linear combinations of quantile judgments, where the weights are explicit functions of the expert’s judgmental errors. The approach is analytically tractable, and provides flexibility to elicit any set of quantiles from an expert. The approach also establishes that using an expert’s quantile judgments to deduce the distribution parameters is equivalent to collecting data with a specific sample size and enables combining the expert’s judgments with those of other experts. It also shows analytically that the weights for the mean add up to one and the weights for the standard deviation add up to zero—these properties have been observed numerically in the literature in the last 30 years, but without a systematic explanation. The theory has been in use at Dow AgroSciences for two years for making an annual decision worth $800 million. The use of the approach has resulted in the following monetary benefits: (i) firm’s annual production investment has reduced by 6%–7% and (ii) profit has increased by 2%–3%. We discuss the implementation at the firm, and provide practical guidelines for using expert judgment for operational uncertainties in industrial settings.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1627 .
Revenue Management Under the Markov Chain Choice Model
Authors: Feldman Jacob B. , Topaloglu Huseyin
Published: July 2017

We consider revenue management problems when customers choose among the offered products according to the Markov chain choice model. In this choice model, a customer arrives into the system to purchase a particular product. If this product is available for purchase, then the customer purchases it. Otherwise, the customer transitions to another product or to the no purchase option, until she reaches an available product or the no purchase option. We consider three classes of problems. First, we study assortment problems, where the goal is to find a set of products to offer to maximize the expected revenue obtained from each customer. We give a linear program to obtain the optimal solution. Second, we study single resource revenue management problems, where the goal is to adjust the set of offered products over a selling horizon when the sale of each product consumes the resource. We show how the optimal set of products to offer changes with the remaining resource inventory. Third, we study network revenue management problems, where the goal is to adjust the set of offered products over a selling horizon when the sale of each product consumes a combination of resources. A standard linear programming approximation of this problem includes one decision variable for each subset of products. We show that this linear program can be reduced to an equivalent one with a substantially smaller size. We give an algorithm to recover the optimal solution to the original linear program from the reduced linear program. The reduced linear program can dramatically improve the solution times for the original linear program.

The online appendix, data files, and source code are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1628 .
Crenças e atitudes de estudantes do ensino superior associadas ao uso de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Costa Maria Beatriz , Martins Maria José D. , Proença Adelaide João , Silva Ana Mateus
Published: July 2017

A entrada no ensino superior permite aos jovens experienciar novas vivências, umas contribuem para o seu desenvolvimento, outras podem ser prejudiciais à saúde. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram: conhecer o tipo e a frequência de substâncias psicoativas legais e ilegais, usadas pelos estudantes do ensino superior politécnico, e as crenças e atitudes ou distorções cognitivas associadas a esses consumos. Adaptou-se o questionário HIT-D&A (How I Think about Drugs and Alcool Questionnaire) de Barriga e colaboradores (2008) e aplicou-se a 193 estudantes, com idades entre os 19 e os 25 anos do primeiro ano do ensino superior. Os resultados permitem concluir que as substâncias psicoativas mais consumidas foram o álcool, seguido do tabaco, e depois da marijuana. Os resultados são discutidos em termos do papel das crenças irracionais nos comportamentos com consequências na saúde e das estratégias mais adequadas para prevenir o consumo destas substâncias.
Tendências de personalidade psicopática e comportamento antissocial em jovens delinquentes do sexo feminino e masculino
Authors: Barbosa Fernando , Reis Ana Rita
Published: July 2017

Este estudo visou examinar diferenças em características de personalidade e de comportamento antissocial entre jovens delinquentes institucionalizados do sexo feminino e masculino. Sessenta jovens institucionalizados em razão de condutas delinquentes (30 do sexo feminino) foram avaliados com vista à obtenção de medidas de personalidade antissocial, assim como de disposição para o comportamento delinquente e, ainda, de frequência e diversidade de comportamentos delitivos. Contrariamente ao esperado e ao reportado na literatura, os resultados obtidos não evidenciaram diferenças entre os jovens do sexo feminino e masculino quanto às medidas de personalidade antissocial, nem de disposição para a delinquência, mas foram encontradas diferenças quanto à frequência e à diversidade dos atos delinquentes reportados, que surgem com maior predomínio no sexo masculino em ambos os casos. Apresentam-se possíveis explicações para os resultados obtidos no quadro das limitações do estudo e apontam-se pistas que poderão contribuir para o prosseguimento das investigações, ainda escassas em Portugal, sobre as diferenças entre sexos na delinquência juvenil.
Associações entre estresse parental e práticas socioeducativas parentais em pais/mães de filhos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Authors: Brito Ariane de , Faro André
Published: July 2017

Nesta pesquisa de delineamento correlacional e comparativo, examinaram-se os níveis de estresse parental e as práticas socioeducativas parentais em 135 pais/mães de filhos sem doença crônica (grupo controle) e com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1; grupo clínico). Para tanto, os grupos foram estratificados quanto ao nível de estresse parental relatado (baixo ou alto estresse) e foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre eles, exceto entre os grupos controle e clínico com baixo estresse. A regressão logística multinomial também revelou diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto ao uso de práticas socioeducativas de afeto, educação e disciplina, onde os pais/mães do grupo controle baixo estresse parental apresentaram maiores chances de uso de tais práticas. Ao final, acredita-se que os resultados encontrados podem auxiliar intervenções com pais/mães que busquem minimizar o estresse parental e potencializar o uso de práticas parentais positivas, e promover um melhor controle glicêmico do(a) filho(a) portador(a) de DM1.
Fatores influenciadores dos comportamentos de mobilização dos recursos humanos num hospital universitário
Authors: Pinto Carlos Américo Barreira , Carvalho Carla Maria Santos de , Mónico Lisete dos Santos Mendes , Parreira Pedro Miguel Santos Dinis
Published: July 2017

A influência das práticas de Gestão de Recursos Humanos (GRH) e o papel mediador das condições psicológicas de apoio, confiança, justiça e empowerment na mobilização dos colaboradores do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) e da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) foram estudados utilizando-se análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória, por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais e o bootstrapping (N = 638). Os resultados sugerem que as práticas mobilizadoras de GRH podem estimular a adoção de bons comportamentos por parte dos colaboradores do HUWC/UFC. Porém, estas podem não ser suficientes, caso não sejam também implementadas práticas de justiça, apoio, confiança e empowerment, susceptíveis de desenvolver nos colaboradores sentimentos mais profundos de vínculo afetivo para com a instituição e, consequentemente, melhorar os relacionamentos, a motivação e o desempenho coletivo.
Necessidades dos familiares de doentes terminais em cuidados paliativos: Revisão crítica da literatura
Authors: Areia Neide P. , Major Sofia , Relvas Ana Paula
Published: July 2017

A doença terminal e a morte são acontecimentos críticos que interferem no sistema familiar. Considerando a escassez de literatura sobre o assunto, procedeu-se a uma revisão crítica da literatura, com o objetivo geral de determinar o impacto que a doença terminal tem na família e quais as suas necessidades de suporte. Concluiu-se que a doença terminal constitui uma das experiências mais difíceis para o sistema familiar e que uma abordagem formal inadequada dos problemas emergentes o pode colocar em risco. Por isto, os cuidados paliativos visam a integração da família no plano de cuidados. Todavia, verificou-se que a produção empírica neste âmbito é insuficiente, comprometendo o desenvolvimento de modalidades de intervenção eficazes e sensíveis às necessidades que emergem na família. Urge desenvolver mais estudos que visem determinar as necessidades das famílias do doente terminal e desenvolver estratégias de intervenção dirigidas a essas mesmas famílias.
Can anthropometry measure the body fat of people living with HIV/AIDS?: A systematic review
Authors: Sernizon Guimarães Nathalia , Fausto Maria Arlene , Kakehasi Adriana Maria , Navarro Anderson Marliere , Tupinambás Unaí
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Assessment of the quantity and distribution of body fat in people living with HIV/AIDS is of great importance in clinical practice, due to the association of body fat changes with clinical conditions. The aim of this systematic review was to answer the central question: Can anthropometry accurately measure the body fat in people living with HIV/AIDS?Material and Methods: Systematic review carried out using four databases: Medline, LILACS, Scopus and BDTD.Results: Of the 581 studies found, 11 met the eligibility criteria. To assess the validate of anthropometry, only two studies employed regress analysis to development of predictive body fat equations in people living with HIV/AIDS and nine studies employed correlation analysis. This coefficient only measures the strength of the relation between two variables, and there is not concordance between them and therefore, these studies did not accurately evaluate whether or not the anthropometric information showed good concordance with the gold standard. The other two studies developed five equations to evaluate the total fat and limbs (arm, leg and trunk) in people living with HIV/AIDS using antiretrovirals and showed R2 between 0.50 and 0.83.Conclusions: Further research needs to be conducted to answer the central question of this review, as the small number of articles that applied the correct statistical test and the absence of research on people living with HIV/AIDS without the use of antiretrovirals.
Prevalencia de anemia ferropénica en deportistas seleccionados del Instituto Peruano del Deporte durante el año 2013: estudio transversal
Authors: Rivera Ameri Alexandra , Quiroz Acurio Valeria , Arias Montano Kevyn
Published: July 2017

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de anemia ferropénica según el componente dinámico y estático, identificando de esta manera los deportes con mayor prevalencia de anemia y determinar la asociación entre el sexo, la edad y anemia.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de tipo corte transversal analítico. Se utilizó la base de datos de la Dirección Nacional de Servicios Biomédicos del Instituto Peruano del Deporte, en el periodo de enero a diciembre de 2013. De un universo de 1833 deportistas, se seleccionaron aquellos entre 18 y 35 años de edad. Las variables numéricas se evaluaron usando la prueba de t de Student o la prueba de Mann-Whitney dependiendo del estado de normalidad de las variables. Las variables categóricas fueron evaluadas usando χ2. Razones de prevalencias crudas y ajustadas fueron calculadas usando regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, para evaluar la asociación entre sexo y anemia.Resultados: Se analizaron 633 deportistas, siendo en su mayoría varones (68,4%). Las variables que se incluyeron en el modelo bivariado fueron sexo, edad deportiva y suplementación con hierro, las cuales fueron también incluidas en el modelo multivariado, encontrándose asociación entre anemia y edad deportiva (p=0,01). No se encontró asociación entre sexo y anemia (RPa= 0,96; IC95%: 0,60-1,40; p=0,85), sin embargo, la prevalencia de anemia fue por encima del 15% (17,9% hombres y 16,8% mujeres).Conclusiones: Se halló mayor prevalencia de anemia ferropénica en los deportes de alto componente estático y dinámico. No se encontró asociación entre anemia ferropénica y sexo en deportistas seleccionados del Instituto Peruano del Deporte en el año 2013.