bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Construction of Peace in the Chiapas Highlands: Indigenous Resistance to Structural Violence
Authors: Orozco López Efrén , González Torres Leonardo Nicolás
Published: December 2020

The indigenous community of Acteal in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, has been subject to both direct and structural violence in the form of the massacre that took place there in 1997 and the impunity that has persisted ever since. In response to the violence, the community has constructed political, social, and cultural alternatives through the movement known as the Las Abejas of Acteal Civil Society Organization. Its reconstruction of the social fabric has included participation in assembies, volunteer work for the collective, exchange of experiences, food production for subsistence, a solidarity economy, and the systematization and sharing of experiences.

La comunidad indígena de Acteal en las tierras altas de Chiapas, México, ha sido objeto de violencia tanto directa y estructural a partir de la masacre que tuvo lugar allí en 1997, así como la impunidad que ha persistido desde entonces. En respuesta a la violencia, la comunidad ha construido alternativas políticas, sociales y culturales a través del movimiento conocido como Organización Sociedad Civil Las Abejas de Acteal. Su reconstrucción del tejido social ha incluido la participación en asambleas, el voluntariado para el colectivo, el intercambio de experiencias, la producción de alimentos para subsistencia, una economía solidaria, y la sistematización e intercambio de experiencias.
Validation of the Chinese Version of the Body Image Concern Inventory
Authors: Wang Kui , Yu Xin-yang , Yu Chao-ran , Liu Ya-fei , Chu Min-yi , Zhang Rui-ting , Liang Rui , Chen Jue , Littleton Heather L. , Shum David H. K. , Chan Raymond C. K.
Published: December 2020

The Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) was developed to assess dysmorphic appearance concern and has been found to be a reliable and valid instrument in Western societies. To examine the psychometric properties of a new Chinese BICI, the BICI was administered to 1,231 Chinese young adults (Study 1) and 47 female patients with eating disorders and 56 matched controls (ED; Study 2). In study 1, Cronbach’s alpha of .92 and test-retest reliability of .73 over a 6-month interval was observed for the total scale. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 3-factor model for the BICI: avoidant behaviors (AB), safety behaviors against perceived flaws (SB), and negative appearance evaluation (NE). In study 2, ED patients scored significantly higher on the BICI total and three subscale scores than controls. In addition, AB best differentiated ED patients and matched controls (Cohen’s d = 1.52); SB best differentiated between the non-clinical female and male groups (Cohen’s d = 0.75); NE was most closely associated with level of negative affect and subjective well-being (inverse relationship) in both clinical and non-clinical groups. In conclusion, the Chinese BICI is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating dysmorphic appearance concern among Chinese speakers.
Climate Knowledge and Community Ritual: Miami Weathercasters as Climate Change Communicators
Authors: Donald Rosalind
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates television weather forecasters’ role in leading discussions about climate change. It focuses on Miami, a city that has become a symbol of climate change’s effects in local, national and international imaginations. Most studies of climate change communication focus on the transmission of information from one group to another, such as from scientists to the lay public, but they do not capture the ways that climate knowledge can become part of everyday community life. This paper uses the case of TV weather reporters, or weathercasters, in Miami to investigate their roles as both participants in and instigators of ‘community ritual’. I combine James Carey’s concepts of communication as transmission and ritual with Candis Callison’s description of climate change vernaculars to show that ritual and community-building are just as important in facilitating the acceptance of talking about climate change as the broadcasting of scientific concepts.
Maternal differential treatment and child socioemotional competencies: A multi-informant longitudinal study of Chinese families
Authors: Lam Chun Bun , McHale Susan M. , Lam Chung Sze , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa , Cheung Ryan Yat Ming
Published: December 2020

Research based on Western communities indicates that parents’ differential treatment may be linked to their children’s psychological and behavioral problems. Very little is known, however, about the potential implications of parental differential treatment for child socioemotional competencies or in non-Western communities. Focusing on families from Hong Kong, China, this multi-informant study tested the longitudinal associations of mothers’ differential warmth and conflict with their children’s socioemotional competencies and examined whether sibling dyad gender composition and age spacing moderated these associations. On two occasions about 12 months apart, data were collected from two children in each of 189 families and the mothers and class teachers of these children. At Time 1, older and younger children averaged 10.06 ( SD = 1.07) and 7.82 ( SD = 0.95) years of age, respectively, and 31% of older and 48% of younger children were boys. At Time 1, mothers provided demographic information and rated their warmth and conflict with each of their two children. At Times 1 and 2, teachers rated children on their emotion regulation, peer exclusion, and prosocial behaviors, and children rated their own empathy. Multilevel models revealed that, controlling for demographic factors, average mother-child relationships, and prior levels of competencies of children and their siblings, children who received less favorable treatment relative to their siblings exhibited decreases in socioemotional competencies over time. Sibling dyad gender composition and age spacing did not emerge as significant moderators, however.
Estimating the current and future prevalence of life-limiting conditions in children in England
Authors: Fraser Lorna K , Gibson-Smith Deborah , Jarvis Stuart , Norman Paul , Parslow Roger C
Published: December 2020

Background:

Previous studies showed increasing number of children with a life-limiting or life-threatening condition who may benefit from input from pediatric palliative care services.

Aim:

To estimate the current prevalence of children with a life-limiting condition and to model future prevalence of this population.

Design:

Observational study using national inpatient hospital data. A population-based approach utilizing ethnic specific population projections was used to estimate future prevalence.

Setting/participants:

All children aged 0–19 years with a life-limiting condition diagnostic code recorded in Hospital Episodes Statistics data in England from 2000/01 to 2017/18.

Results:

Data on 4,543,386 hospital episodes for 359,634 individuals were included. The prevalence of children with a life-limiting condition rose from 26.7 per 10,000 (95%CI 26.5–27.0) in 2001/02 to 66.4 per 10,000 (95% CI: 66.0–66.8) in 2017/18. Using a more restricted definition of a life-limiting condition reduced the prevalence from 66.4 to 61.1 per 10,000 (95%CI 60.7–61.5) in 2017/18. Highest prevalence was in the under 1-year age group at 226.5 per 10,000 and children with a congenital abnormality had the highest prevalence (27.2 per 10,000 (95%CI: 26.9–27.5)). The prevalence was highest among the most deprived group and in children of Pakistani origin. Predicted future prevalence of life-limiting conditions ranged from 67.0 (95%CI 67.7–66.3) to 84.22 (95%CI 78.66–90.17) per 10,000 by 2030.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of children with a life-limiting or life-threatening condition in England has risen over the last 17 years and is predicted to increase. Future data collections must include the data required to assess the complex health and social care needs of these children.
Detecting lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer on dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Sun Xuyang , Niwa Tetsu , Ozawa Soji , Endo Jun , Hashimoto Jun
Published: December 2020

Background

Using conventional computed tomography (CT), the accurate diagnosis of lymph node (LN) metastasis of esophageal cancer is difficult.

Purpose

To examine dual-energy CT parameters to predict LN metastasis preoperatively in patients with esophageal cancer.

Material and Methods

Twenty-six consecutive patients who underwent dual-energy CT before an esophageal cancer surgery (19 patients with LN metastases) were analyzed. The included LNs had a short-axis diameter of ≥4 mm and were confirmed to be resected on postoperative CT. Their short-axis diameter, CT value, iodine concentration (IC), and fat fraction were measured on early- and late-phase contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT images and compared between pathologically confirmed metastatic and non-metastatic LNs.

Results

In total, 51 LNs (34 metastatic and 17 non-metastatic) were included. In the early phase, IC and fat fraction were significantly lower in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic LNs (IC = 1.6 mg/mL vs. 2.2 mg/mL; fat fraction = 20.3% vs. 32.5%; both P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the late phase, IC and fat fraction were significantly lower in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic LNs (IC = 2.0 mg/mL vs. 3.0 mg/mL; fat fraction = 20.4% vs. 33.0%; both P < 0.05). Fat fraction exhibited accuracies of 82.4% and 78.4% on early- and late-phase images, respectively. Conversely, short-axis diameter and CT value on both early- and late-phase images were not significantly different between the metastatic and non-metastatic LNs ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Using dual-energy CT images, IC and fat fraction are useful for diagnosing LN metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer.
The IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism is associated with colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Zhang Shulong , Wang Xiaoting
Published: December 2020

Objective

The association of the IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been previously reported. However, the results are inconsistent. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the effect of the rs2275913 polymorphism on CRC risk.

Methods

The rs2275913 polymorphism of 208 CRC patients and 312 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, and then analyzed by logistic regression. In addition, a pooled analysis based on five single-center studies was performed using Stata 12.0 software.

Results

Logistic regression analysis indicated that the IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism was associated with CRC risk (GA vs. GG: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.02–2.28; AA vs. GG: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.11–3.20; GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.11–2.37; A vs. G: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.07–1.77). Further pooled analysis also indicated a statistically significant association between the rs2275913 polymorphism and CRC risk in Asians and Northern Africans.

Conclusion

This study suggested that the IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism may act as a biomarker for predicting CRC risk. However, further functional research should be performed to clarify the role of the rs2275913 polymorphism in the etiology of CRC.
Impact of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors use on mortality in severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Zhong Yanjun , Zhao Lishu , Wu Guobao , Hu Chunhong , Wu Chenfang , Xu Min , Dong Haiyun , Zhang Quan , Wang Guyi , Yu Bo , Lv Jianlei , Wu Chao , Zhang Siye , Cao Chenghui , Shu Long , Pan Yue , Liu Xianling , Wu Fang
Published: December 2020

Objective

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) use with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the impact of ACEI/ARB use on all-cause mortality in severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension.

Methods

We enrolled 650 COVID-19 patients from Changsha and Wuhan city between 17 January 2020 and 8 March 2020. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were collected. Multivariable analysis and propensity-score matching were performed to assess the impact of ACEI/ARB therapy on mortality.

Results

Among the 650 patients, 126 who had severe COVID-19 concomitant with hypertension were analyzed. The average age was 66 years and 56 (44.4%) were men. There were 37 ACEI/ARB users and 21 in-hospital deaths (mortality rate, 16.7%). Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 5.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75 to 17.8), but not ACEI/ARB use (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 0.31 to 3.43), was an independent risk factor for mortality in severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension. After propensity-score matching, 60 severe COVID-19 patients were included and no significant correlation between use of ACEI/ARB and mortality was observed.

Conclusions

There was no significant association of ACEI/ARB use with mortality in severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension. These findings support the continuation of ACEI/ARB therapy for such patients.
Intravenous misplacement of the nephrostomy catheter following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Junbo , Jiang Binglei , Mao Juan , Zeng Zhen , Gong Lifeng , Huang Chaoyou
Published: December 2020

Intravenous misplacement of the nephrostomy catheter following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) is extremely rare, and little information is available about this complication. Because the patient’s prognosis may be poor, sufficient attention should be paid to early identification and treatment of this complication. We present an uncommon case of a patient with intravenous nephrostomy catheter misplacement after PCNL at our hospital. In our patient, the tip of the nephrostomy catheter was located in the inferior vena cava. It was successfully managed using two-step catheter withdrawal under fluoroscopy, and the percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was able to be withdrawn 7 to 8 cm back into the collecting system in stages with the surgical team on standby. There were no severe complications such as deep vein thrombosis that developed during or after the catheter withdrawal. Patients could be managed conservatively using intravenous antibiotics, strict bed rest, and tube withdrawal using computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy guide in most cases combined with information in the literature. Additionally, open surgery could be used as an alternative treatment.
Fluoride and endosulfan together potentiate cytogenetic effects in Swiss albino mice bone marrow cells
Authors: Sharma Anju , John Placheril , Bhatnagar Pradeep
Published: December 2020

In this study, the cytotoxic potential of fluoride and endosulfan in combination was investigated in Swiss albino mice bone marrow cells using the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. Fluoride (25.1 mg kg−1 body weight [bw] in water) and endosulfan (1.8 mg kg−1 bw by oral intubation) were administered orally alone and in combination (fluoride 25.1 mg kg−1 bw + endosulfan 1.8 mg kg−1 bw) to male Swiss albino mice daily for 30 days. A significant ( p < 0.01) increase in micronuclei (MNs) induction and decreased ratio ( p < 0.01) of polychromatic to normonochromatic erythrocytes (indicators of cytotoxicity) were observed compared with saline controls when animals were given the combination of fluoride and endosulfan. A significant ( p < 0.01) increase in MNs induction and no change in the polychromatic erythrocytes to erythrocyte ratio were also observed when endosulfan was given alone. CAs such as gaps, breaks, fragments, rings, exchanges, and polyploidy were recorded in the bone marrow cells. The mean percent frequency of CAs was increased ( p < 0.01) in all the treated groups compared with the control saline group. In the combination group (F + E), the percent frequencies of CAs were significantly higher (13.875%) compared with those in the individual treatment groups of fluoride (4.375%) and endosulfan (6.25%). The mitotic index was calculated as percentage of dividing cells. A significant ( p < 0.01) decrease in mitotic index was observed in all treated groups compared with controls. In the combination group (F + E), mitotic index was significantly less than ( p < 0.01; 4.1 ± 0.49) the saline control (10.8 ± 0.98). These results indicated that repeated intake of endosulfan through various sources in fluoride affected areas resulted in increased cytotoxic effects. The greater effect in the combination group indicated additive interaction of fluoride and endosulfan in inducing cytotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.
Healthcare Personnel Safety During Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19: Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Sood Rahul N. , Dudiki Natasha , Alape Daniel , Maxfiel Mark W.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the development of severe and persistent respiratory failure requiring long term ventilatory support. This necessitates the need for a reliable and easy to implement tracheostomy protocol given the concern for viral transmission risk to the involved healthcare personnel due to the aerosol generating nature of the procedure. We describe a protocol with unique and novel modifications to the Ciaglia dilatational percutaneous tracheostomy, effectively implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic at our institution.

Methods:

We describe the baseline characteristics of our initial 11 patients who underwent the procedure. Outlined are the healthcare personnel involved and the steps which are organized into 4 phases: planning, pre-procedure, intra-procedure and post-procedure. We have tracked procedural duration, provider safety as well as the development of new complications.

Results:

We describe use of this protocol for 11 bedside percutaneous tracheostomies performed on patients with COVID-19. The average total procedural duration as well as incision to tracheostomy tube placement times was 32.6 minutes and 5.8 minutes respectively. All 3 providers performing the tracheostomies remained asymptomatic with negative COVID-19 RT-PCR testing at 3 weeks.

Conclusions:

We report an efficacious and adaptable protocol for elective bedside percutaneous tracheostomies for patients with persistent ventilatory requirements due to COVID-19 with an intent to provide standardized and safe care for the patient and the involved healthcare personnel.
A statistical analysis of temperature compensation for piezoelectric sensor bonded to AISI-1080 material
Authors: Tekkalmaz Mesut , Haydarlar Gökhan , Sofuoğlu M Alper
Published: December 2020

Electromechanical impedance (EMI) method has been widely used to evaluate structural health in recent years. In this method inexpensive, small, easy to apply, lightweight piezoelectric sensors are used to observe the changes in the structures. Different environmental conditions affect the piezoelectric sensor and the structure significantly. If the environmental impact is neglected, it causes misinterpretations as if it were present, although there is no construction defect. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for the environmental effect.

In this study, the EMI method was performed for AISI 1080 specimen at different environmental conditions. Impedance measurements were carried out between –45°C and –10°C. It has been observed that as the temperature decreases, the frequency shifts to the right and the amplitude increases. Temperature compensation was carried out to prevent these shifts. RMSD, MAPD, and CCDM were used as damage metrics. The effective frequency shift (EFS) algorithm was applied, and temperature compensation was performed according to the CCDM. As a result, damage metric values decrease after temperature compensation. Considering the change of damage metric values as a result of the compensation process, CCDM is a useful metric to detect changes. In the final stage, statistical tests (Pearson/Spearman and paired t-tests) were performed to compare non-compensated/compensated test results. Generally, damage metrics produce successful results in terms of statistical tests.
The development of moral sensitivity of nursing students: A scoping review
Authors: Spekkink Ankana , Jacobs Gaby
Published: December 2020

Moral sensitivity is known to be the starting point for moral competence and even is a core concept in the curricula for bachelor’s-level nursing students in the Netherlands. While the development of moral sensitivity in nursing is commonly agreed to be important, there is no clear understanding of how to develop moral sensitivity through nursing education and what components of nursing education contribute to moral sensitivity. Studies on educational interventions could build knowledge about what works in developing moral sensitivity and how to achieve this outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore if and how educational interventions contribute to the development of moral sensitivity in nursing students. A scoping review was conducted. Four electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE and SpringerLink. Articles that were not about formal or initial nursing education and that had no link to moral development or moral sensitivity were excluded. After the final selection on educational interventions, 10 articles out of the initial 964 resources were included in the review. Three different but related dimensions of moral sensitivity emerged from the literature: (1) raising moral awareness, (2) providing the ability to frame and name ethical issues and (3) improving moral reasoning ability. Half of the studies used quantitative measures to evaluate the educational intervention, in particular the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire; the other half used diverse qualitative evaluation methods. None of the studies presented teaching methods that included all three dimensions of moral sensitivity. Moral awareness of self appears to be more loosely connected to the other two dimensions, which raises the question of whether it can be seen as a prerequisite for them. To encompass all dimensions of moral sensitivity, a mix of quantitative and qualitative measures seems most appropriate to study that topic.
Degradation of Soil Quality in Mandalay Region of Myanmar Due to Overuse of Pesticides in Agriculture
Authors: Win Theint Theint , Thu Myat , Swe Tin Myat , Ko Thet kyaw , Aung Tun Tun , Ei Htike Htike , Win Nwe Nwe , Swe Kyi Kyi , Hlaing Aye Aye , Winnandar  , Khaing Aye Aye
Published: December 2020

Landlords and cultivators of watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus) and several other types of melons ( Cucumis melo var. Cantalupensis, Cucumis melo var. Reticulatus, Cucumis melo var. Cucumis melo Inodorusvar, etc.) complained about soil degradation due to cultivation of melons without judicious use of pesticides. Conducting a field survey on the use of pesticides and the prevalence of pesticide residues in the soil of melon-cultivated areas, the study investigates the authenticity of such claims and figures out the actual reasons for such land degradation. The survey was carried out on 150 farmers from 30 villages in Kyaukse, Myitthar and Tada U Township in Mandalay division of Myanmar. The survey captures information on pesticide-related awareness, attitudes and practices and identifies possible health and environmental risks. The usage, storage and handling of pesticides by most of the respondents were found not safe, and knowledge on the adverse effects of pesticides on health, crops and the environment was found to be inadequate. The findings have indicated the potential risk of soil degradation. It appears that lack of cooperation among the government, non-governmental organisations (NGO), private sector stakeholders and farmers is the key weakness for improving agricultural practices adopted by farmers. Enhancing the awareness, changing the attitudes and improving the practices of the farmers regarding the use of pesticides may be the key step towards addressing this issue.
Competition and power in global value chains
Authors: Mondliwa Pamela , Roberts Simon , Ponte Stefano
Published: December 2020

This paper bridges the understanding of power in the global value chain literature and the analysis of market power and barriers to entry in competition economics. It draws on competition economics to provide a better understanding of the ways in which bargaining power between firms shapes patterns of value creation and capture along value chains. It also considers the influence which competition laws have on the conduct of large and powerful firms. Through the case studies of supermarkets and petrochemicals in South Africa, the paper shows how the dominant bargaining power of lead firms owes much to the historical impact of government regulations and industrial policy, including those enforced by competition authorities. We conclude by highlighting that choices regarding the type of competition rules to be adopted have important implications for the ability of supplier firms to build capabilities and to upgrade in value chains.
Social Relationships in Nurses’ Caring of Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Life-Limiting Illnesses or Injuries
Authors: Evered Jane A.
Published: December 2020

A multidisciplinary literature theorizes the nurse–patient relationship. Nurses’ experiences with and within people’s social worlds are comparatively underexamined. The purpose of this dimensional analysis inquiry was to uncover dimensions of social relationships in nurses’ caring for adolescents and emerging adults with life-limiting illnesses and injuries. Semi-structured interviews with 21 nurses across roles and care settings in the United States occurred concurrently with theoretical sampling and inductive analysis. From the perspective of Caring for You Around You and within a context, Assessing Right for You, Diagnosing the Circle, and Planning Right for Me establish the conditions under which nurses shift between witnessing and participating in social relationships as they engage in the process I Draw and Redraw the Circle. The findings contribute a theoretical explanation of why and how nurses engage in relational care. Contextualizing the findings in nursing theory, family-centered care, and professional ethics elucidates directions for inquiry and practice.
A Professional Agency Perspective on Novice Teachers' Development of a Teacher Leadership Stance
Authors: Chaaban Youmen , Sawalhi Rania
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore novice teachers’ perceptions of professional agency in facilitating their development of a teacher leadership stance during the initial years of their work. Participants were thirteen novice teachers who had less than three years of teaching experience in Qatari government schools. Analysis of interview data revealed that novice teachers perceived professional agency in their reflections on university preparation; their commitment to students’ social and emotional well-being; and their “becoming” a teacher. They further practiced agency in their relationships with other teachers, and in their contributions to the wider school context. Accordingly, a total of six novice teachers reported a clear teacher leadership stance. By contrast, enacting professional agency was restricted according to seven novice teachers due to the presence of contextual factors which hindered their development of a teacher leadership stance. Implications of these findings to teacher education and school administration are discussed.
Atypical unilateral exudative retinal detachment in a child affected by tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Coppola Michele , Cavallotti Barbara , Suzani Martina , Marchese Alessandro , Bandello Francesco
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare hereditary phakomatosis. The clinical features can include benign growths in the central nervous system, tumors of various visceral organs, and retinal or optic disc astrocytic hamartomas in the nerve fiber layer. Here we present the case of a child with known TSC developing Coats-like manifestations.

Case description:

A 22-month-old girl with known TSC and retinal hamartoma followed since birth presented for the development of exotropia and leukocoria in the left eye. Fundus examination of the left eye showed blurred optic disc, macular star, and yellow retinal exudation in the temporal area. In addition, the left eye showed marked retinal vascular tortuosity and telangiectasias. The patient underwent brain and orbit magnetic resonance imaging, revealing heterotopic gray matter nodulations along ependyma of both lateral ventricles, with partial calcification, and a posterior flattening of the left eye.

Conclusion:

This report shows a rare case of Coats-like disease in a child with tuberous sclerosis. In case of presence of Coats’ manifestations associated with atypical retinal or systemic findings, genetic diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Multimodal imaging of a vascularized idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Anguita Rodrigo , Khalid Hagar , Arpa Cristina , Roth Janice , Pal Bishwanath , Keane Pearse A
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To report a case of vascularized idiopathic epiretinal membrane including the multimodal imaging.

Methods:

Findings on clinical examination, color fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, and fluorescein angiography.

Results:

Sixty-three-year-old woman with a previous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who presented with an asymptomatic idiopathic neovascular complex below an epiretinal membrane. It was assessed with fluorescein angiography, OCT and OCT-A. The vascularized ERM was already present previously to the retinal detachment.

Conclusion:

Our case report describes an example of idiopathic epiretinal membrane complicated by neovascularization; we hypothesized hypertension could be one of the factors in this case, as it may lead to decreased retinal perfusion and upregulation in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Multimodal imaging can help in detecting neovascularized ERM.
Significance of the Genomic Landscape of a De Novo Endocrine-Resistant Metastatic Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Sarma Maithreyi , Abdou Yara , Dhakal Ajay , Gandhi Shipra
Published: December 2020

Endocrine therapy with or without CDK4/6 inhibitors is the most commonly used frontline treatment option for metastatic hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. Approximately, 25% to 30% of women may have resistance to endocrine therapy, especially in the setting of certain genomic mutations in the tumor. This prompts the need to identify those patients who may benefit from frontline chemotherapy over endocrine therapy. Here, we present a case of a patient who presented with a de novo metastatic hormone receptor–positive breast cancer with visceral involvement (including bone marrow) as well as multiple somatic genomic alterations. The patient was treated with upfront chemotherapy, resulting in clinical and radiographic response, but rapidly progressed when she was transitioned to hormonal therapy. This report focuses on the role of upfront chemotherapy in the setting of visceral crisis including bone marrow involvement, the role of genomic alterations in contributing to endocrine resistance, and the need for biomarker-driven treatment options for hormone receptor–positive breast cancer.
Cognitive impairment in children with chronic Hepatitis C Virus: Case control study
Authors: Ibrahim Ibtihal MA , Haikal Amal , Ali Khadiga M , AlSayed Mona Abdel Latif , Barakat Tarik E
Published: December 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease of infectious etiology in children. This study aims to compare cognitive impairment, and psychological status of treatment-naïve HCV children with control group. Treatment-naïve children with HCV and an equal control group of children of matched age and gender were recruited. Assessment included measures of children’s cognitive functioning, behavior, depression and anxiety as well as laboratory investigations and liver biopsy. Overall 102 children of both genders were recruited; the majority was from rural areas and from middle social class. Their age ranged from 7 to 17 years old. Only 6.9% reported positive family history of Psychiatric disorders while 35.3% reported current Psychiatric disorder. The most frequent diagnosis in the sample was depression (16.7%). Depression scores correlated negatively with liver biopsy activity ( p = 0.024) and positively with WBCS ( p = 0.0024). Anxiety scores correlated positively with WBCS ( p = 0.017). Verbal IQ, performance IQ and total IQ correlated with the social class and with the liver biopsy activity. Also it was found that higher depression scores can predict lower verbal IQ. Depression, social class and liver Inflammation are predictors of cognitive impairment in children with HCV.
The relative effects of L1 and L2 glosses on L2 learning: A meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Hyun Soo , Lee Jang Ho , Lee Hansol
Published: December 2020

Glossing is a widely used and examined vocabulary learning tool, and one of the major branches of glossing research has compared the relative effects of first language (L1) and second language (L2) glosses on reading comprehension and vocabulary learning. However, the findings in this literature have not been consistent, calling for a comprehensive and systematic review. To this end, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relative effects of L1 and L2 glossing on L2 reading comprehension and L2 vocabulary learning. Based on 78 effect sizes gathered from 26 studies representing 30 independent samples ( N = 2,189), we found that L1 glossing was more effective than L2 glossing in general (Hedge’s g = .33, SE = .09, p < .001), but the effect size may vary depending on the target outcome measure. The relative effectiveness of L1 glossing was particularly supported by the results of immediate posttests of vocabulary, rather than delayed posttests of vocabulary and reading comprehension tests. Further, among a few selected moderator variables, the results of meta-regression revealed that learners’ L2 proficiency level significantly influenced the average effectiveness, such that L1 glossing is particularly effective for beginner learners compared to those with intermediate or higher L2 proficiency levels.
Understanding adolescent males’ poor mental health and health-compromising behaviours: A factor analysis model on Swedish school-based data
Authors: Haraldsson Johanna , Pingel Ronnie , Nordgren Lena , Tindberg Ylva , Kristiansson Per
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aim was to develop a factor model of the clustering of poor mental-health symptoms and health-compromising behaviours (HCBs) in adolescent males. Methods: The study was based on two cross-sectional school-based Swedish surveys in 2011 (response rate 80%, N=2823) and 2014 (response rate 85%, N=2358), both of which comprised questionnaires from males aged 15–16 and 17–18 years. A factor model was developed by exploratory factor analysis on the 2011 survey and validated by confirmatory factor analysis on the 2014 survey. Results: Four aspects of poor mental health and HCBs emerged in the exploratory factor analysis: (a) deviancy as a tendency to substance use and delinquency, (b) unsafety as an inclination towards feelings of unsafety in different environments, (c) gloominess as a tendency towards pessimism and feeling unwell and (d) pain as an inclination to experience physical pain. The model was validated with good model fit. Age did not affect the model structure, but older adolescent males were more influenced by deviancy and gloominess and less by unsafety compared to their younger peers. Conclusions: Separating symptoms of poor mental health and HCBs into four areas – deviancy, unsafety, gloominess and pain – brings new perspectives to the understanding of adolescent males’ health. To the best of our knowledge, our factor model is the first to include unsafety and pain in this context. Whenever a comprehensive approach to the health of adolescent males is needed in the clinic or in the field of public health, this factor model may provide guidance.
Guidelines for the orthodontic management of the traumatised tooth
Authors: Sandler Cara , Al-Musfir Tumadher , Barry Siobhan , Duggal Mandeep Singh , Kindelan Susan , Kindelan Jay , Littlewood Simon , Nazzal Hani
Published: December 2020

Dental trauma is common in the UK, with more than one in ten children having experienced some form of dental trauma. In addition, one in ten patients have been reported to have experienced dental trauma before orthodontic treatment. A recent survey of orthodontists’ knowledge and experience of orthodontic management of traumatised teeth has highlighted large inconsistencies in management of traumatised teeth among UK orthodontists, highlighting the need for further information or training on orthodontic management of traumatised teeth.

Therefore, the following guidelines have been developed in order to provide an evidence-based approach to treat this cohort of patients. The following guidance is based on the available literature, expert opinion and UK orthodontists’ consensus drawn from a recent survey.
Use of 3D printing in the planning of a patient with unerupted maxillary central incisors
Authors: Joseph Julian Ramesh , Merrett Sarah , Rogers Sheelagh , Clark Paul
Published: December 2020

Impacted central incisors are a clinical dilemma faced by orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, paediatric and restorative dentists. Successful management requires a robust diagnosis and treatment planning process. This case report highlights the use of 3D printing to aid the treatment planning of a patient with bilateral unerupted maxillary central incisors due to two supernumerary teeth acting as a physical obstruction. The preoperative cone beam computed tomography scan allowed for production of the printed model to the exact size and dimensions of the unerupted teeth and supernumeraries to facilitate the planning of the case and to aid in consenting the patient for treatment.
A modal boundary element method for axisymmetric acoustic problems in an arbitrary uniform mean flow
Authors: Barhoumi Bassem , Bessrour Jamel
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a new numerical analysis approach based on an improved Modal Boundary Element Method (MBEM) formulation for axisymmetric acoustic radiation and propagation problems in a uniform mean flow of arbitrary direction. It is based on the homogeneous Modal Convected Helmholtz Equation (MCHE) and its convected Green’s kernel using a Fourier transform method. In order to simplify the flow terms, a general modal boundary integral solution is formulated explicitly according to two new operators such as the particular and convected kernels. Through the use of modified operators, the improved MBEM approach with flow takes a convective form of the general MBEM approach and has a similar form of the nonflow MBEM formulation. The reference and reduced Helmholtz Integral Equations (HIEs) are implicitly taken into account a new nonreflecting Sommerfeld condition to solve far field axisymmetric regions in a uniform mean flow. For isolating the singular integrations, the modal convected Green’s kernel and its modified normal derivative are performed partly analytically in terms of Laplace coefficients and partly numerically in terms of Fourier coefficients. These coefficients are computed by recursion schemes and Gauss-Legendre quadrature standard formulae. Specifically, standard forms of the free term and its convected angle resulting from the singular integrals can be expressed only in terms of real angles in meridian plane. To demonstrate the application of the improved MBEM formulation, three exterior acoustic case studies are considered. These verification cases are based on new analytic formulations for axisymmetric acoustic sources, such as axisymmetric monopole, axial and radial dipole sources in the presence of an arbitrary uniform mean flow. Directivity plots obtained using the proposed technique are compared with the analytical results.
Aneurysmal Degeneration After Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Chen Winsor , Dyniewski Brad , Bobka Thomas , Kraemer Codyjo , Tan Tze-Woei , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2020

Aneurysmal degeneration after peripheral angioplasty is a potentially serious complication. In this case, the patient underwent repeated angioplasty of a prior vein bypass graft utilizing a paclitaxel-coated balloon. He subsequently developed a progressive aneurysmal degeneration, threatening his bypass, which ultimately required an urgent exclusion with a covered stent. This case represents a rare complication of peripheral bypass graft related to percutaneous intervention as well as paclitaxel-coated devices and warns other practitioners of the increased scrutiny and caution one should exercise in the use of such interventions.
A Curiosity of Cabinets: Collections Care as Community Care
Authors: Duke Adina , Johnson Jacinta
Published: December 2020

As museum and library doors shuttered in response to COVID-19, digital portals opened new possibilities for centering collections as an antidote to social isolation. A joint effort between the University of Kansas’s (KU) Spencer Museum of Art and KU Libraries demonstrates how the constraints of physical distancing as a preventive health measure prompted the creation of a “hands-off,” yet interactive series of programs about preventive conservation strategies to apply to collections at home. The goal was to sustain a sense of community with Friends of the Museum and Friends of the Libraries by triangulating among institutional collections, examples from staff members’ homes, and the invitation for Friends to share their collections. As the series evolved with the pandemic, the role and messaging of collections care shifted as an act of community care. This article will discuss the process, challenges, and impact of this collaboration.
Reported Methodological Challenges in Empirical Mixed Methods Articles: A Review on JMMR and IJMRA
Authors: Zhou Yuchun , Wu Min Lun
Published: December 2020

As integration in mixed methods studies is of great interest, we reviewed published articles between 2007 and 2019 in two major journals of mixed methods research to identify the integration challenges mixed methods researchers experienced. This study contributes to mixed methods by summarizing the reported challenges in empirical mixed methods articles based on the concept of integration. We found mixed methods users’ experienced uncertainty during integration due to lack of guidance and confidence. We advocate that researchers should be proactive in expounding methodological challenges that they confronted in practice and report what they did, how they did it, and why they did it in such ways to approach full integration. By doing this, researchers would make valuable contributions to this methodology’s development.
The Experiences and Healthcare Needs of Families Living With Pediatric Brain Tumor: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study Protocol
Authors: Young Kate , Miller Evonne , Ekberg Stuart , Bradford Natalie
Published: December 2020

For most children and adolescents diagnosed with a brain tumor, whether malignant or not, there will be an irrevocably negative impact on their life and that of their family. In Australia, 5 year disease-free survival is 76% meaning that many young people will go on to live with the negative consequences—including neurological and cognitive deficits, reduced school performance, psychological problems, and problems with peer social relationships—of the tumor and associated treatment. Little is known about the experiences and psychosocial healthcare needs of families living with brain tumor, particularly from the perspectives of children and adolescents. We will fill this knowledge gap with a multimethods approach for flexible data collection that addresses the diverse needs of children and families living with a life-threatening illness. Recruited through the largest state pediatric health service in Queensland, Australia, we will follow families from diagnosis to capture their experiences and healthcare needs as they navigate their child’s treatment and survivorship or death. Data collection methods include semi-structured interviews, virtual tours and Photovoice; all family members will be invited to participate. Reflexive thematic analysis will be used to explore the lived experiences of families, and their community and health services needs and associated facilitators and barriers to receiving such care. Our analysis will consider multiple perspectives: the individual, dynamics within each family, and patterns observed across families. This research will inform the co-design of interventions with families to address the service gaps and healthcare needs identified by participants.
Underwater target recognition methods based on the framework of deep learning: A survey
Authors: Teng Bowen , Zhao Hongjian
Published: December 2020

The accuracy of underwater target recognition by autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a powerful guarantee for underwater detection, rescue, and security. Recently, deep learning has made significant improvements in digital image processing for target recognition and classification, which makes the underwater target recognition study becoming a hot research field. This article systematically describes the application of deep learning in underwater image analysis in the past few years and briefly expounds the basic principles of various underwater target recognition methods. Meanwhile, the applicable conditions, pros and cons of various methods are pointed out. The technical problems of AUV underwater dangerous target recognition methods are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are given. At the same time, we prospect the future development trend of AUV underwater target recognition.
From Songfilms to Telecomics: Vallée Video and the New Market for Postwar Animation
Authors: VanCour Shawn , Patton Chloe
Published: December 2020

From 1948–1952, Rudy Vallée, a successful performer whose career spanned radio, film, recorded music and stage entertainment, expanded his operations into the burgeoning US television market with the launch of his independent production company, Vallée Video. One of hundreds of forgotten companies that arose during this period to meet growing demand for programming content, Vallée Video offers an important case study for understanding animation workers’ role in postwar television production. Drawing on corporate records and films preserved in the Rudy Vallée Papers at California’s Thousand Oaks Library and the UCLA Film and Television Archive, the authors’ analysis documents Vallée’s use of freelance artists and external animation houses for work ranging from camera effects for illustrated musical shorts to animated commercials and original cartoon series. These productions demonstrate the fluid movement of animation labor from theatrical film to small screen markets and participated in larger aesthetic shifts toward minimalist drawing styles and limited character animation that would soon dominate mid-20th century US television.