bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shredding artifacts: extracting brain activity in EEG from extreme artifacts during skateboarding using ASR and ICA
Authors: Callan Daniel E. , Torre–Tresols Juan Jesus , Laguerta Jamie , Ishii Shin
Published: June 2024

Introduction

To understand brain function in natural real-world settings, it is crucial to acquire brain activity data in noisy environments with diverse artifacts. Electroencephalography (EEG), while susceptible to environmental and physiological artifacts, can be cleaned using advanced signal processing techniques like Artifact Subspace Reconstruction (ASR) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). This study aims to demonstrate that ASR and ICA can effectively extract brain activity from the substantial artifacts occurring while skateboarding on a half-pipe ramp.

Methods

A dual-task paradigm was used, where subjects were presented with auditory stimuli during skateboarding and rest conditions. The effectiveness of ASR and ICA in cleaning artifacts was evaluated using a support vector machine to classify the presence or absence of a sound stimulus in single-trial EEG data. The study evaluated the effectiveness of ASR and ICA in artifact cleaning using five different pipelines: (1) Minimal cleaning (bandpass filtering), (2) ASR only, (3) ICA only, (4) ICA followed by ASR (ICAASR), and (5) ASR preceding ICA (ASRICA). Three skateboarders participated in the experiment.

Results

Results showed that all ICA-containing pipelines, especially ASRICA (69%, 68%, 63%), outperformed minimal cleaning (55%, 52%, 50%) in single-trial classification during skateboarding. The ASRICA pipeline performed significantly better than other pipelines containing ICA for two of the three subjects, with no other pipeline performing better than ASRICA. The superior performance of ASRICA likely results from ASR removing non-stationary artifacts, enhancing ICA decomposition. Evidenced by ASRICA identifying more brain components via ICLabel than ICA alone or ICAASR for all subjects. For the rest condition, with fewer artifacts, the ASRICA pipeline (71%, 82%, 75%) showed slight improvement over minimal cleaning (73%, 70%, 72%), performing significantly better for two subjects.

Discussion

This study demonstrates that ASRICA can effectively clean artifacts to extract single-trial brain activity during skateboarding. These findings affirm the feasibility of recording brain activity during physically demanding tasks involving substantial body movement, laying the groundwork for future research into the neural processes governing complex and coordinated body movements.
Comparison of efficacy and safety between oral propranolol combined with and without intralesional injection of lauromacrogol for infantile hemangioma
Authors: Ma Fan , Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Chuan , Duan Hongyu , Zhou Kaiyu , Hu Fan
Published: June 2024

Aims and objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare efficacy and side effects between oral propranolol combined with and without intralesional injection of lauromacrogol for infantile hemangioma (IH).

Material and methods

This was a single center randomized controlled prospective study, all participants were firstly diagnosed with IH between August 2022 and January 2023 in our hospital and without any treatment before. Patients were randomized into two groups. PRO group: oral propranolol (2 mg/kg/day) continued for 6 months; PRO + LAU group: oral propranolol (2 mg/kg/day) for 6 months and intralesional injection of lauromacrogol for 2–4 times within 6 months. The dimensions, color, consistency, photographic documentation were well recorded based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after starting treatment. According to the treatment response after 6 months, the results were classified into four levels: Grade 1, complete resolution achieved; Grade 2, with ≥50% reduction in size of IH; Grade 3, with <50% reduction in size of IH; Grade 4, no response or worsening of IH.

Results

A total of 67 patients were involved in the study (17 boys, 50 girls; mean age, 3.6 months, range, 1.1–7.2 months) and randomized to receive oral propranolol combined with or without intralesional injection of lauromacrogol (29 in PRO group, 38 in PRO + LAU group). All patients completed treatment. Eleven patients (37.9%) in PRO group were in Grade 1, 14 patients (48.3%) in Grade 2, 4 patients (13.8%) in Grade 3, compared with these in PRO + LAU group, 11 patients (28.9%) in Grade 1, 24 patients (63.2%) in Grade 2, and 3 patients (7.9%) in Grade 3. No patient was in Grade 4, and no severe side effects were observed in both group. In PRO group, it takes an average of 17.1 ± 5.4 weeks from the start of treatment to cure, and in PRO + LAU group, the average time is 13.7 ± 4.9 weeks.

Conclusion

Oral propranolol with intralesional injection of lauromacrogol was a safety treatment strategy for IH. But it was not superior to oral propranolol in final cure rates (P = 0.45), moreover, it cannot certainly offer the benefits of shortening the duration of oral drug treatment (P = 0.24).
Eugenol and lidocaine inhibit voltage-gated Na+ channels from dorsal root ganglion neurons with different mechanisms
Authors: Moreira-Junior Luiz , Leal-Cardoso Jose Henrique , Cassola Antonio Carlos , Carvalho-de-Souza Joao Luis
Published: June 2024

Eugenol (EUG) is a bioactive monoterpenoid used as an analgesic, preservative, and flavoring agent. Our new data show EUG as a voltage-gated Na+ channel (VGSC) inhibitor, comparable but not identical to lidocaine (LID). EUG inhibits both total and only TTX-R voltage-activated Na+ currents (INa) recorded from VGSCs naturally expressed on dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in rats. Inhibition is quick, fully reversible, and dose-dependent. Our biophysical and pharmacological analyses showed that EUG and LID inhibit VGSCs with different mechanisms. EUG inhibits VGSCs with a dose–response relationship characterized by a Hill coefficient of 2, while this parameter for the inhibition by LID is 1. Furthermore, in a different way from LID, EUG modified the voltage dependence of both the VGSC activation and inactivation processes and the recovery from fast inactivated states and the entry to slow inactivated states. In addition, we suggest that EUG, but not LID, interacts with VGSC pre-open–closed states, according to our data.
Mechanism of baicalein in treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer based on network pharmacology and cell experiments
Authors: Dou Baokai , Cui Yingjie , Zhou Qianqian , Fu Jiawei , Zhou Yi , Zhang Xiwu , Zhang Qi , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2024

Objective

Baicalein, one of the most abundant flavonoids found in Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibits pharmacological activities against various cancers. However, the precise pharmacological mechanism of baicalein in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism of baicalein against CRPC through a combination of network pharmacology and experimental approaches, thereby providing new avenues for research in CRPC treatment.

Methods

The pharmacological and molecular properties of baicalein were obtained using the TCMSP database. Baicalein-related targets were collected from multiple sources including SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper and CTD. Targets related to CRPC were acquired from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and CTD. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed using STRING 11.5, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was utilized to explore the core targets of baicalein on CRPC. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Cell experiments were carried out to confirm the validity of the targets.

Results

A total of 131 potential targets of baicalein for the treatment of CRPC were obtained. Among them, TP53, AKT1, ALB, CASP3, and HSP90AA1, etc., were recognized as core targets by Cytoscape 3.7.2. GO function enrichment analysis yielded 926 entries, including 703 biological process (BP) terms, 84 cellular component (CC) terms and 139 molecular function (MF) terms. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis unveiled 159 signaling pathways, mainly involved in Pathways in cancer, prostate cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TP53 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. Cell experiments confirmed that baicalein may inhibit the proliferation of CRPC cells and induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. This effect could be associated with the TP53/CDK2/cyclin E1 pathway. In addition, the results of CETSA suggest that baicalein may directly bind to TP53.

Conclusion

Based on network pharmacology analysis and cell experiments, we have predicted and validated the potential targets and related pathways of baicalein for CRPC treatment. This comprehensive approach provides a scientific basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the action of baicalein in CRPC treatment. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights and serve as a reference for the research and development of novel anti-CRPC drugs.
Activation of Piezo1 or TRPV2 channels inhibits human ureteral contractions via NO release from the mucosa
Authors: Liu Jianing , Wang Cong , Wang Wenyu , Ding Ning , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Hanwen , Wen Jiliang , Sun Wendong , Zu Shulu , Zhang Xiulin , Yan Jieke
Published: June 2024

We aimed to investigate the expression and motor modulatory roles of several mechano-sensitive channels (MSCs) in human ureter. Human proximal ureters were obtained from eighty patients subjected to nephrectomy. Expression of MSCs at mRNA, protein and functional levels were examined. Contractions of longitudinal ureter strips were recorded in organ bath. A fluorescent probe Diaminofluoresceins was used to measure nitric oxide (NO). RT-PCR analyses revealed predominant expression of Piezo1 and TRPV2 mRNA in intact ureter and mucosa. Immunofluorescence assays indicate proteins of MSCs (Piezo1/Piezo2, TRPV2 and TRPV4) were mainly distributed in the urothelium. Ca2+ imaging confirmed functional expression of TRPV2, TRPV4 and Piezo1 in cultured urothelial cells. Specific agonists of Piezo1 (Yoda1, 3–300 μM) and TRPV2 (cannabidiol, 3–300 μM) attenuated the frequency of ureteral contractions in a dose-dependent manner while the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A (100 nM–1 μM) exerted no effect. The inhibitory effects of Piezo1 and TRPV2 agonists were significantly blocked by the selective antagonists (Dooku 1 for Piezo1, Tranilast for TRPV2), removal of the mucosa, and pretreatment with NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (10 μM). Yoda1 (30 μM) and cannabidiol (50 μM) increased production of NO in cultured urothelial cells. Our results suggest that activation of Piezo1 or TRPV2 evokes NO production and release from mucosa that may mediate mechanical stimulus-induced reduction of ureter contractions. Our findings support the idea that targeting Piezo1 and TRPV2 channels may be a promising pharmacological strategy for ureter stone passage or colic pain relief.
Information propagation characteristic by individual hesitant-common trend on weighted network
Authors: Jia Jianlin , Huang Yuwen , Zhang Wanting , Chen Yanyan
Published: June 2024

Within the context of contemporary society, the propagation of information is often subject to the influence of inter-individual connectivity, and individuals may exhibit divergent receptive attitudes towards identical information, a phenomenon denoted as the Hesitant-Common (HECO) trait. In light of this, the present study initially constructs a propagation network model devoid of correlation configurations to investigate the HECO characteristics within weighted social networks. Subsequently, the study employs a theoretical framework for edge partitioning, predicated on edge weights and HECO traits, to quantitatively analyze the mechanisms of individual information dissemination. Theoretical analyses and simulation outcomes consistently demonstrate that an augmentation in the proportion of common individuals facilitates both the diffusion and adoption of information. Concurrently, a phase transition crossover is observed, wherein the growth pattern of the ultimate adoption range, denoted as R(∞), transitions from a first-order discontinuous phase transition to a second-order continuous phase transition as the proportion of common individuals increases. An escalation in the weight distribution exponent is found to enhance information propagation. Furthermore, a reduction in the heterogeneity of degree distribution is conducive to the spread of information. Conversely, an increase in degree distribution heterogeneity and a diminution in the collective decision-making capacity can both exert inhibitory effects on the propagation of information.
Evolutionary unraveling: new insights into the Persicaria amphibia complex
Authors: Ballestas Gabriella , Nobles Alexander , Hwang Yoojeong , Kwak Myounghai , Yoo Mi-Jeong
Published: June 2024

The Persicaria amphibia complex exhibits significant morphological variation depending on its habitat, existing in either aquatic or terrestrial forms. Traditionally, four distinct elements have been recognized based on morphological features along with their distinct geographical distributions. Recent studies suggest that the Asian element may be genetically distinct from the European and American elements. However, a comprehensive study on the genetic differentiation among all four elements remains lacking. This study aimed to leverage whole plastid genome sequences and ITS2 haplotypes to comprehensively assess the genomic diversity within the P. amphibia complex. Notably, we included multiple individuals from New York State to resolve the ongoing debate regarding the taxonomic status of two American elements – whether they represent a single species or distinct entities. Our analysis revealed a well-supported monophyletic clade encompassing all four elements, endorsing their own section, Amphibia. Notably, the terrestrial form of the American element is sister to all other elements, suggesting it deserves its own species status. This reinstates its historical name, P. coccinea, separating it from the broader P. amphibia. Furthermore, distinct compositions of the ITS2 haplotypes differentiated the four elements, although the European element should be further investigated with more sampling. The most intriguing discovery is the identification of putative hybrids between the two American elements. In one population out of four putative hybrid populations, all three entities – the two parent species and their hybrid offspring – thrive together, showcasing a fascinating microcosm of ongoing evolutionary processes. Unraveling the intricate genetic tapestry within each American species and their hybrid populations remains a compelling next step. By delving deeper into their genetic makeup, we can gain a richer understanding of their evolutionary trajectories and the intricacies of their interactions. Finally, it is estimated that the two species of sect. Amphibia diverged approximately 4.02 million years ago during the Pliocene epoch, when there was a significant global cooling and drying trend.
Border row effects improved the spatial distributions of maize and peanut roots in an intercropping system, associated with improved yield
Authors: Dong Qiqi , Zhao Xinhua , Sun Yuexin , Zhou Dongying , Lan Guohu , Pu Junyu , Feng Chen , Zhang He , Shi Xiaolong , Liu Xibo , Zhang Jing , Sun Zhanxiang , Yu Haiqiu
Published: June 2024

Background

Border row effects impact the ecosystem functions of intercropping systems, with high direct interactions between neighboring row crops in light, water, and nutrients. However, previous studies have mostly focused on aboveground, whereas the effects of intercropping on the spatial distribution of the root system are poorly understood. Field experiments and planting box experiments were combined to explore the yield, dry matter accumulation, and spatial distribution of root morphological indexes, such as root length density (RLD), root surface area density (RSAD), specific root length (SRL), and root diameter (RD), of maize and peanut and interspecific interactions at different soil depths in an intercropping system.

Results

In the field experiments, the yield of intercropped maize significantly increased by 33.45%; however, the yield of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 13.40%. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of the maize–peanut intercropping system was greater than 1, and the advantage of intercropping was significant. Maize was highly competitive (A = 0.94, CR=1.54), and the yield advantage is mainly attributed to maize. Intercropped maize had higher RLD, RSAD, and SRL than sole maize, and intercropped peanut had lower RLD, RSAD, and SRL than sole peanut. In the interspecific interaction zone, the increase in RLD, RSAD, SRL, and RD of intercropped maize was greater than that of intercropped peanut, and maize showed greater root morphological plasticity than peanut. A random forest model determined that RSAD significantly impacted yield at 15–60 cm, while SRL had a significant impact at 30–60 cm. Structural equation modeling revealed that root morphology indicators had a greater effect on yield at 30–45 cm, with interactions between indicators being more pronounced at this depth.

Conclusion

These results show that border-row effects mediate the plasticity of root morphology, which could enhance resource use and increase productivity. Therefore, selecting optimal intercropping species and developing sustainable intercropping production systems is of great significance.
Blaming the young is always more accessible rather than accusing the older employees: an experimental view over age and health in organizations
Authors: Man Gabriela-Maria , Popa Radu-Ioan , Man Mihaela
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The stereotype content model postulates that different groups evoke different emotions and reactions based on two dimensions: intention toward others (warmth) and competence.

Methods

In this study, we used an experimental design and a qualitative approach to investigate how managerial strategies are selected and motivated when a subordinate makes a work task related error but belongs to a group that is stereotypical perceived differently in terms of warmth and competence (age groups with or without a medical condition). Thus 75 employees analyzed one of the five hypothetical cases and described the managerial strategy and motivation for usage.

Results

Data revealed that managerial strategies incorporate more active harm elements for younger employees in contrast with vulnerable groups (older employees with unspecified medical conditions, younger or older employees with a medical condition), who benefit from more active facilitation strategies. The strategy usage motivation is also different in the case of younger employees, the control group and the vulnerable groups.

Discussion

The study outcomes bring additional evidence to support the stereotype content model theory and the socioemotional selectivity theory, enriching applicability on organizational practice and human resources management.
Insights into determinants of health-seeking behavior: a cross-sectional investigation in the Iraqi context
Authors: Mkhailef Hawi Al-tameemi Mohammed , Bahmanpour Kaveh , Mohamadi-Bolbanabad Amjad , Moradi Yousef , Moradi Ghobad
Published: June 2024

Background

Health-seeking behavior (HSB) is a choice taken by an individual to maintain, achieve, or restore good health and prevent diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of HSB among the Iraqi population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study in the Rusafa and Karkh districts of Baghdad investigated determinants of HSB from 2022 to 2023. With a sample size of 993 participants meeting inclusion criteria, data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire, utilizing four indicators to measure HSB. The study employed various statistical methods especially logistic regression models, facilitated by Stata 17 software.

Results

Results highlights that married individuals consistently have higher odds of having HSB compared to their single counterparts, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.41–3.10). This relationship remains robust even after controlling for other variables. Furthermore, individuals with higher social class exhibit stronger connections to HSB, although the OR is 1.69 (95% CI: 0.47–6.13), indicating a wide confidence interval. Regarding underlying diseases and their duration, the results indicate that chronic diseases are associated with a higher likelihood of HSB, with an OR of 2.05 (95% CI: 1.35–3.11). Additionally, a longer duration of diseases in terms of years is also linked to a stronger association with HSB, with an OR of 2.86 (95% CI: 1.32–6.23).

Conclusion

In conclusion, this work provides important insights into HSB. Married people are continuously more likely to engage in HSB than single people, highlighting the importance of customized interventions. Furthermore, persons from higher social classes have stronger ties to HSB, highlighting the importance of socioeconomic considerations. The link between HSB and chronic diseases, combined with longer disease durations, emphasizes the importance of early detection and thorough healthcare management. These findings give critical guidance for healthcare providers, marketers, and politicians developing effective initiatives to promote HSB.
Intersectional inequalities in health anxiety: multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy in the SOMA.SOC study
Authors: Barbek Rieke , Lüdecke Daniel , von dem Knesebeck Olaf
Published: June 2024

Background

Intersectional approaches are needed to disaggregate the complex interaction of social identities contributing to (mental) health disparities. Health anxiety represents an overlooked public mental health issue. Therefore, intersectional inequalities in health anxiety were examined using multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA).

Methods

Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of the adult population living in Germany (N = 2,413). Health anxiety was assessed with the Whiteley Index-7. Applying intersectional MAIHDA, health anxiety in the intersectional strata of gender, history of migration, and income was predicted. Discriminatory accuracy was assessed via the intra-class correlation and the proportional change in variance.

Results

Analyses revealed additive social inequalities in health anxiety with greatest impact of low income but no clear intersectional gradient. Most affected by health anxiety were females who immigrated themselves with low income, males whose parent(s) immigrated with low income, and males who immigrated themselves with medium income.

Conclusion

Intersectional approaches contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of (mental) health disparities. In addition to general efforts to counteract health inequalities, combining universal screening and targeted psychotherapeutic treatment seems promising to specifically reduce inequalities in health anxiety.
Welcoming new neighbors: Minnesota's rapid response model to address the urgent health needs of Afghan newcomers, 2021–2022
Authors: Frumholtz Mateo , Carlson William C. , Shannon Patricia J. , Iaquinta Sophia , Eckerstorfer Maggie , Hendel-Paterson Brett , Quadri Nasreen , Shetty Rashika , Mohammadzadah Hadia , Stauffer William , Adesida Opeyemi , Howard Cindy , Urban Kailey , Kirsch Jonathan , Sayad Mehria , Mamo Blain
Published: June 2024

As a result of the United States withdrawal from Afghanistan in fall 2021, 1,260 Afghan evacuees arrived in Minnesota between October 2021 and February 2022. Several contextual factors including an overtaxed health system under duress from COVID-19 and uncertain benefit eligibility prompted a coordinated public health response to appropriately address the acute and pressing medical concerns of our new neighbors. This community case study describes the State of Minnesota's cross-sectoral response that created a welcoming environment, identified public health concerns, and addressed acute medical needs. Medical volunteers provided an initial health and safety check for Afghan families upon arrival. Volunteers also offered onsite culturally and linguistically appropriate mental health assessments, group therapy, women's clinics, vaccine clinics, medication refills, and ongoing walk-in primary care. Care coordinators facilitated primary care and specialty care referrals. The majority (96%) of eligible arrivals were screened as part of this response and the median time between arrival to Minnesota and initial health screening was 2 days. Half of all arrivals screened reported at least one health concern and 56% were referred to a specialty for further evaluation. Almost one in four adults (24%) reported mental health concerns. Existing partnerships across local sectors can be leveraged to provide comprehensive physical and mental health services to newcomers in an emergency response.
Sustainable management of wastewater use in agriculture: a systematic analysis
Authors: Ghanbari Mina , Naeimi Amir , Bijani Masoud
Published: June 2024

Due to changes that have occurred in ecological conditions, the requirement to use wastewater has been considered more seriously in the agricultural sector, because agriculture is the source of human nutrition, health and security. Based on this, the purpose of this research was to systematically analysis the components affecting sustainable management of wastewater use (SMWWU) in the viewpoint of critical theory paradigm. Inductive qualitative content analysis (IQCA) was used for systematic analysis. In this regard, the software used was MAXQDA. The statistical population included valid scientific articles and knowledgeable experts in wastewater management in the agricultural sector in Tehran province, Iran. The sampling method for articles was by searching based on keywords and for experts by purposeful method until theoretical saturation was reached. The results of IQCA in the form of a model showed that the six main components “economic,” “environmental,” “contextual,” “individual,” “management and planning” and “education and extension” affect SMWWU. Each of these components also includes several factors and variables that can strengthen SMWWU and reduce the water crisis by paying attention to them. The obtained model can be used by policy makers and interested parties in making decisions and planning water protection measures.
Adapting the SMART tube technology for flow cytometry in feline full blood samples
Authors: Zwicklbauer Katharina , von la Roche Dominik , Krentz Daniela , Kolberg Laura , Alberer Martin , Zablotski Yury , Hartmann Katrin , von Both Ulrich , Härtle Sonja
Published: June 2024

Flow cytometry of blood samples is a very valuable clinical and research tool to monitor the immune response in human patients. Furthermore, it has been successfully applied in cats, such as for infections with feline immune deficiency virus (FIV). However, if cells are not isolated and frozen, analysis of anticoagulated blood samples requires mostly prompt processing following blood collection, making later analysis of stored full blood samples obtained in clinical studies often impossible. The SMART Tube system (SMART TUBE Inc., California, United States; SMT) allows fixation and long-term preservation of whole blood samples at −80°C. However, this system has so far only been applied to human biological samples. In the present study, a new flow cytometry SMART Tube protocol adapted for feline whole blood samples was successfully established allowing quantification of T-helper cells, cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and neutrophils up to 2 years post sampling. Results obtained from frozen stabilized and fresh blood samples were compared for validation purposes and correlated to differential blood counts from a conventional hematology analyzer. Clinical applicability of the new technique was verified by using samples from a treatment study for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Using the new SMT protocol on retained samples, it could be demonstrated that long-term storage of these SMT tubes is also possible. In summary, the newly adapted SMT protocol proved suitable for performing flow cytometry analysis on stored feline whole blood samples, thus opening up new avenues for veterinary research on a variety of aspects of clinical interest.
A Short Note on Physics-Guided GAN to Learn Physical Models without Gradients
Authors: Yonekura Kazuo
Published: June 2024

This study briefly describes the concept of guided training of deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn physically reasonable solutions. The proposed method does not need the gradients of the physical equations, although the conventional physics-informed models need the gradients. DNNs are widely used to predict phenomena in physics and mechanics. One of the issues with DNNs is that their output does not always satisfy physical equations. One approach to consider with physical equations is adding a residual of the equations into the loss function; this is called physics-informed neural network (PINN). One feature of PINNs is that the physical equations and corresponding residuals must be implemented as part of a neural network model. In addition, the residual does not always converge to a small value. The proposed model is a physics-guided generative adversarial network (PG-GAN) that uses a GAN architecture, in which physical equations are used to judge whether the neural network’s output is consistent with physics. The proposed method was applied to a simple problem to assess its potential usability.
Eye Temperature Measured with Infrared Thermography to Assess Stress Responses to Road Transport in Horses
Authors: Aragona Francesca , Rizzo Maria , Arfuso Francesca , Acri Giuseppe , Fazio Francesco , Piccione Giuseppe , Giannetto Claudia
Published: June 2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate eye temperature modifications after road transport in athletic horses habituated to travel. Eight adult Italian saddle horses traveled 100 km and, two weeks later, 300 km. Eye temperature (ET), rectal temperature (RT) and serum cortisol concentration were assessed before (T1), after (T2) and 60 min (T3) after the road transport. ET was evaluated with infrared thermography (IRT) in three regions of interest: EL1 (medial canthus), EL2 (central cornea) and EL3 (lateral canthus). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures showed statistically higher values at T2 and T3 for EL1 (p < 0.01), EL2 (p < 0.01) and EL3 (p < 0.01) following the 100 km journey. RT (p < 0.01) showed higher values at T2 and T3 after the 100 km journey and higher values at T2 (p < 0.01) following the 300 km journey. ET values were positively correlated with RT at T1, T2 and T3 following the 100 km journey and at T2 following the 300 km journey and positively correlated with serum cortisol concentration at T1, T2 and T3 following the 100 km journey and at T2 and T3 following the 300 km journey. Eye temperature monitoring with IRT allows quick and practical strategies to monitor an animal’s physiological state and welfare during daily activities.
An Assessment of the Climate Change Impacts on the Distribution of the Glacial Relict Woodpecker Three-Toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus
Authors: Popović Teodora , Ćurčić Nina B. , Đurđić Snežana , Stanojević Gorica , Raković Marko
Published: June 2024

The Three-Toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus is a rare and endangered woodpecker on the Balkan Peninsula. Despite being widely distributed in Northern Europe, its distribution on the Balkan Peninsula is limited to high-altitude forest habitats, where it represents a glacial relict. Assessing the climate change impacts on its distribution can be crucial for improving the conservation and future survival of this specialist species on the Balkan Peninsula. We used species distribution modelling (SDM) to identify its potential distribution in the past (last interglacial and last glacial maximum), present, and future (2050 and 2070). Our results indicate that this species had the greatest distribution during the last glacial maximum, after which its distribution contracted to areas where suitable environment persisted (high altitudes). The largest territory of the Balkan Peninsula has an unsuitable environment for the species to inhabit, while highly suitable habitats have the smallest share in the total area of suitable habitats. All future models show a decrease in the area of suitable habitats compared with the current period, indicating that global warming has a negative effect on the distribution of the species. We recommend that conservation activities must be of greater extent to ensure the species’ survival in the Balkans.
Genetic Selection Approach for Semen Characteristics in Thai Native Grandparent Roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) Using Random Regression Test-Day Models and Selection Indices
Authors: Daryatmo Iin Mulyawati , Juiputta Jiraporn , Chankitisakul Vibuntita , Boonkum Wuttigrai
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze suitable genetic models and selection indices to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values of native Thai roosters. A total of 3475 records of seven semen traits (mass movement, semen pH, semen color, volume, sperm viability, sperm abnormalities, and sperm concentration) from 242 Thai native grandparent roosters were analyzed. Multiple-trait random regression test-day models with five covariance functions were used to analyze the variance components, genetic parameters, and breeding values. The selection index (SI) was calculated to determine the optimal genetic value for different selection percentages. The results showed that a multiple-trait random regression test-day model with a second-order Legendre polynomial function was the most appropriate genetic model for this population. The estimated heritability values were low to moderate, ranging from 0.110 to 0.112 (mass movement), 0.040 to 0.051 (semen pH), 0.092 to 0.097 (semen color), 0.220 to 0.225 (semen volume), 0.067 to 0.083 (sperm viability), 0.086 to 0.099 (sperm abnormalities), and 0.134 to 0.138 (sperm concentration). The repeatability values exceeded the heritability values and were within the range of 0.133 to 0.688. The genetic correlations among semen traits ranged from −0.332 to 0.677, and phenotypic correlations ranged from −0.260 to 0.460. When considering heritability and genetic correlation values, semen volume, sperm concentration, and mass movement were the top three priority semen traits calculated as selection indices. Finally, the top 10% of the selection index was recommended for creating the next generation. Our findings provide useful information on genetic parameters and an appropriate selection index of semen traits for selecting the genetics of individual Thai native grandparent roosters. The heritability estimates for semen traits reported here suggest an adequate response to selection through a genetic evaluation approach. Our results indicate that it is possible to select grandparent roosters with better reproductive performance.
Changes in Parameters Registered by Innovative Technologies in Cows with Subclinical Acidosis
Authors: Antanaitis Ramūnas , Džermeikaitė Karina , Krištolaitytė Justina , Stankevičius Rolandas , Daunoras Gintaras , Televičius Mindaugas , Malašauskienė Dovilė , Cook John , Viora Lorenzo
Published: June 2024

The hypothesis of this study was that there were changes in biomarkers registered by innovative technologies in cows with subclinical acidosis. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the in-line milk fat-to-protein ratio and cow feeding behaviors such as reticulorumen pH, reticulorumen temperature, cow activity, and water intake with subclinical acidosis. From a total of 98 cows, 59 cows were selected to meet the following criteria (2 or more lactations, with 31 days in milk (DIM)). The selected animals were separated into two groups based on general clinical examination and reticulorumen pH: the subclinical acidosis group (SCA, n = 23) and the healthy group (HC, n = 36). During the diagnosis of subclinical acidosis and following the clinical examination of the healthy group using the BROLIS HerdLine system, the daily averages of milk yield (kg/day), milk fat (%), milk protein (%), and the milk fat-to-protein ratio were recorded. Simultaneously, by using Smaxtec technology, reticulorumen parameters and cow activity, including pH, temperature (°C), rumination time (minutes/day), and water intake (hours/day), were registered. Changes in parameters measured using innovative technologies were able to identify cows with subclinical acidosis. Cows with subclinical acidosis had a lower reticulorumen pH by 18.8% (p < 0.0001), a decreased milk yield by 10.49% (p < 0.001), a lower milk fat-to-protein ratio by 11.88% (p < 0.01), and a decreased rumination time by 6.59% (p < 0.01). However, the activity of these cows was higher by 57.19% (p < 0.001) compared to healthy cows. From a practical point of view, we suggest that veterinarians and farmers track parameters such as reticulorumen pH, milk yield, milk fat-to-protein ratio, rumination time, and activity for the identification of subclinical acidosis.
VNN1 Gene Expression and Polymorphisms Associated with Chicken Carcass Traits
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Fang Xiang , Wu Ruiquan , Nie Qinghua , Li Zhenhui
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the association between hepatic VNN1 expression and carcass traits in Mahuang chickens as well as to identify polymorphisms in the upstream and downstream regions of VNN1 that could potentially be associated with these carcass traits. The study revealed that VNN1 expression levels in liver correlated with various carcass traits such as dressed weight, eviscerated weight, and abdominal fat weight. A total of 39 polymorphic sites were identified, among which 23 were found to be associated with 15 different carcass traits. These polymorphic sites were organized into three distinct haplotype blocks, with BLOCK2 and BLOCK3 being associated with various eviscerated weight percentages, thigh weight, breast muscle weight, wing weight, and other traits. The study underscores the significant role of VNN1 in influencing the carcass traits of Mahuang chickens and sheds light on the genetic foundations of these traits. The findings provide valuable insights that could inform breeding strategies aimed at optimizing traits relevant to market demands and slaughtering efficiency.
An Integrative Approach to the Study of Cognitive Abilities in a Non-Human Primate Model in a Virology Laboratory Environment
Authors: Rogova Anastasia , Kalyanova Anna , Rogova Yulia , Fedina Maria , Siniugina Alexandra , Ishmukhametov Aydar , Karganova Galina
Published: June 2024

Non-human primates, due to their similarities in immune response to humans, are the preferred model for studying infectious processes and any associated cognitive impairments. Behavioral tests are indispensable for investigating pathogenesis in neuroinfections, especially those that do not manifest with noticeable clinical symptoms, as well as in the transition to a chronic form of the disease. Modeling viral infection requires specialized experimental conditions. Our work describes techniques for investigating mnemonic functions, tiredness, attentional focus, quick-wittedness, and basic behavioral responses in primates under the assumed conditions for infections with viruses that do not have an airborne route of transmission. It also outlines approaches to the training and selection of primates for virological research, as well as analyzing gender differences in learning abilities, the impact of housing conditions on the results, and the correlation between training success and behavioral test scores. These methods will allow a more detailed study of non-human primates as a model for researching cognitive and behavioral impairments under infectious and immune stress, as well as the design of less energy-intensive experiments for evaluating the efficacy and safety of therapeutic and prophylactic strategies at early stages of infection.
Benefits of Playing at School: Filler Board Games Improve Visuospatial Memory and Mathematical Skills
Authors: Estrada-Plana Verónica , Martínez-Escribano Andrea , Ros-Morente Agnès , Mayoral Maria , Castro-Quintas Agueda , Vita-Barrull Nuria , Terés-Lleida Núria , March-Llanes Jaume , Badia-Bafalluy Ares , Moya-Higueras Jorge
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of cognitive interventions based on modern board games in school settings to improve memory outcomes and math skills. A parallel, quasi-experimental study was carried out with children (n = 234) into third and fourth grades (8–10 years old). School centres were allocated into a general domain intervention (playing memory board games), a specific domain intervention (playing mathematical board games) or a control group (regular classes without playing). Teachers carried out bi-weekly sessions during the last 30 min of mathematical lessons (8 weeks, 15 sessions). Before and after intervention, we individually measured verbal and visuospatial memory outcomes (short-term memory and working memory updating) and mathematical skills (number operations, number ranking, number production and problem solving). The results showed significant transfer effects of both memory and math trainings. In third grade, we found that playing math games showed medium–large effect sizes in visuospatial short-term memory and updating memory, number operations and number ranking compared to the control group. In fourth grade, we found that playing memory games showed significant small effect sizes in problem solving compared to the control group. Playing board games could be a methodology that enhances cognitive and mathematical development in children.
Is There an Opportunity to De-Escalate Treatments in Selected Patients with Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Gómez-Aparicio María , López-Campos Fernando , Buchser David , Lazo Antonio , Willisch Patricia , Ocanto Abrahams , Sargos Paul , Shelan Mohamed , Couñago Felipe
Published: June 2024

The treatment landscape for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer continues to evolve, with systemic treatment being the mainstay of current treatment. Prognostic and predictive factors such as tumour volume and disease presentation have been studied to assess responses to different treatments. Intensification and de-escalation strategies arouse great interest, so several trials are being developed to further personalize the therapy in these populations. Is there an optimal sequence and a possible option to de-intensify treatment in selected patients with a favourable profile? This and other goals will be the subject of this review.
Variances in the Expression Profile of Circadian Clock-Related Genes in Astrocytic Brain Tumors
Authors: Staszkiewicz Rafał , Sobański Dawid , Pulka Wojciech , Gładysz Dorian , Gadzieliński Marcin , Strojny Damian , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar
Published: June 2024

This study explores the role of circadian clock genes in the progression of astrocytic tumors, a prevalent type of brain tumor. The aim was to assess the expression patterns of these genes in relation to the tumor grade. Using microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, and methylation-specific PCR, we examined gene expression, DNA methylation patterns, and microRNA interactions in tumor samples from 60 patients. Our results indicate that the expression of key circadian clock genes, such as clock circadian regulator (CLOCK), protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1), protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 (PRKAA2), protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1 (PRKAB1), protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 2 (PRKAB2), period circadian regulator 1 (PER1), period circadian regulator 2 (PER2) and period circadian regulator 3 (PER3), varies significantly with the tumor grade. Notably, increased CLOCK gene expression and protein levels were observed in higher-grade tumors. DNA methylation analysis revealed that the promoter regions of PER1-3 genes were consistently methylated, suggesting a mechanism for their reduced expression. Our findings also underscore the complex regulatory mechanisms involving miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-106-5p, hsa-miR-20b-5p, and hsa-miR-30d-3p, which impact the expression of circadian clock-related genes. This underscores the importance of circadian clock genes in astrocytic tumor progression and highlights their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Further research is needed to validate these results and explore their clinical implications.
Bispecific Antibodies for the Management of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Tacchetti Paola , Barbato Simona , Mancuso Katia , Zamagni Elena , Cavo Michele
Published: June 2024

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are artificially engineered antibodies that can bind simultaneously to the CD3 subunit within the T-cell receptor complex and an antigen on tumor cells, leading to T-cell activation and tumor cell killing. BsAbs against BCMA or GPRC5D have shown impressive clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), with some agents having already received regulatory approval after the third (by the European Medicines Agency, EMA) or fourth (by the Food and Drug Administration, FDA) line of therapy; the results of early-phase clinical trials targeting FcRH5 are also promising. Overall, BsAbs as monotherapy correlated with an ORR that exceeded 60%, with a high CR rate ranging between 25% and 50% and a median PFS of around 1 year among patients with a median of 4–6 prior lines of therapy. The main toxicities include cytokine release syndrome, cytopenias, hypogammaglobulinemia, and infections; on-target off-tumor adverse events involving the skin, mucosa, hair, and nails may also occur with anti-GPRC5D BsAbs. Active research to increase their efficacy and improve their tolerance is still in progress, including combination therapies and application in earlier treatment lines and the development of novel agents. A better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance is a challenge and could lead to more personalized approaches.
Identification and Application of Emerging Biomarkers in Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review
Authors: Restrepo Juan Carlos , Martínez Guevara Darly , Pareja López Andrés , Montenegro Palacios John Fernando , Liscano Yamil
Published: June 2024

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases, often diagnosed at advanced stages, which diminishes the effective treatment options and survival rates. This systematic review assesses the utility of emerging biomarkers—circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and the blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB)—enhanced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to improve the diagnostic accuracy, prognostic evaluation, and treatment strategies in NSCLC. Analyzing data from 37 studies involving 10,332 patients from 2020 to 2024, the review highlights how biomarkers like ctDNA and PD-L1 expression critically inform the selection of personalized therapies, particularly beneficial in the advanced stages of NSCLC. These biomarkers are critical for prognostic assessments and in dynamically adapting treatment plans, where high PD-L1 expression and specific genetic mutations (e.g., ALK fusions, EGFR mutations) significantly guide the use of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. The findings recommend integrating these biomarkers into standardized clinical pathways to maximize their potential in enhancing the treatment precision, ultimately fostering significant advancements in oncology and improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This review substantiates the prognostic and predictive value of these biomarkers and emphasizes the need for ongoing innovation in biomarker research.