bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio de espaciamientos y de relaciones alométricas en árboles de ciprés (Cupressus lusitanica Mill.) para Navidad
Authors: Carvajal Vanegas Dorian , Torres Córdoba Gustavo , Badilla Valverde Yorleny , Murillo Gamboa Olman
Published: December 2016

El árbol de navidad se ha convertido en parte importante de la cultura costarricense y de la mayoría de países de la región latinoamericana. La investigación se realizó como parte de un esfuerzo por mejorar el paquete tecnológico de esta importante industria, que en su totalidad ocurre en pequeñas granjas de producción. El estudio consistió en la evaluación de cuatro espaciamientos de plantación, con el fin de determinar la densidad óptima en términos de productividad y de lograr desarrollar un árbol de navidad en 1,5 años. Los espaciamientos evaluados fueron: 1,5 x 1,5 m en distribución regular, 1,5 x 1,5 m en distribución tresbolillo, 1,25 x 1,25 m en tresbolillo y 1,8 x 1,8 m en distribución regular. El mejor espaciamiento, en términos de crecimiento del diámetro basal, fueron los dos de 1,5 x 1,5 m; sin embargo, al plantar a 1,25 x 1,25 m se aumentaría en 2 000 árboles/ha, con tan solo una disminución en crecimiento de -5 mm en los 18 meses de tiempo de evaluación. El estudio comprendió el análisis de relaciones alométricas del diámetro, la altura y la circunferencia de la copa, que determinó que los usuarios prefieren árboles con una relación de h/circunferencia máxima de 0,67, o también, una relación 1:2 entre la circunferencia máxima expresada en diámetro y la altura. El modelo de regresión ajustado para predecir la circunferencia a partir del diámetro basal logró explicar más de un 77% de la variación observada.
Optimization of pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration of the cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) using the response surface methodology
Authors: Zapata M. José Edgar , Ciro G. Gelmy Luz , Marulanda L. Paulina
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to optimize mass transfer during pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) of cape gooseberries (Physalis peruviana L.) by means of the surface response methodology. The effects of the factors temperature (25-45°C), solids (50-70°Brix), rotation speed (60-100 rpm), pressure (50-100 mbar) and number of vacuum pulses (1-3) on osmotic dehydration, weight reduction percentage (WR), water loss percentage (WL), and solid gain percentage (SG%) were assessed. Sucrose syrup at a 5/1 syrup/fruit ratio was used for 2 h. The results provided 45°C, 70°Brix, 99.99 rpm, 98.92 mbar and 2.87 pulse vacuum, for a WR of47.52%, WL of 21.12%, and SG of 118.40% as the optimal conditions. Mathematic models were adjusted to the optimal conditions to describe the PVOD kinetics of cape gooseberries. Azuara's penetration empiric model, a phenomenological model from the solution of Fick's second law, and Peleg's empiric model were used. The latter adjusted better to the experiment data.
Growth and phenology of three Andean potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) under water stress
Authors: Rodríguez P. Loyla , Sanjuanelo C. Danny , Ñústez L. Carlos Eduardo , Moreno-Fonseca Liz Patricia
Published: December 2016

The water-deficit stress has a negative effect on the growth and development of plants, reducing the yield of crops. This study evaluated the effect of a water deficit on the growth and phenology of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties Diacol Capiro, Pastusa Suprema and Esmeralda. Plants that were starting tuberization were subjected to a water deficit by suspension of irrigation until reaching a foliar water potential of -2.0 MPa; later the plants were re-irrigated and recovered. The water deficit decreased the flowering time in 'Diacol Capiro', the development of leaves and maturation of fruits in 'Esmeralda' and the development of leaves and formation of lateral shoots in 'Pastusa Suprema'. In the three varieties, the water deficit did not induce a significant reduction in the stem length, the number of leaves per stem and per site or the number of main stems per site. The plants demonstrated responses related to escape and evasion mechanisms during the water deficit through the adjustment of the metabolism in order to reduce the duration of the phenological stages. The duration of the biological cycle for the three varieties was 148 days, with a requirement of 1,850 GDD. There were no differences in the potential yield, probably due to the short duration of the stress period. The three varieties demonstrated plasticity when modifying the phenology in response to the drought period.
Physiological responses of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings under different water soil conditions
Authors: Rivera-Mendes Yurany Dayanna , Cuenca Juan Carlos , Romero Hernán Mauricio
Published: December 2016

Water supply is the main yield-limiting factor of oil palm crops. A water deficit affects virtually all aspects of metabolism and plant structure, while a water excess leads to waterlogging, an abiotic stress that affects crop production because of a reduction of oxygen in the soil. To determine the effect of water stress on the physiology of oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) during the nursery stage, clones from three em-bryogenic lines of three different ortets (LE 33-7, LE 28-59 and LE 16-79) were subjected to four water conditions (moderate deficit, field capacity, partial and continuous waterlogging) for 60 days under a completely randomized split-plot design with four replications. The gas exchange, vegetative growth and nutrient content variables were evaluated. There was no interaction between the water conditions and embryogenic lines for any variable. The moderate water-deficit stress significantly reduced the stomatic conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration and growth. Under waterlogged conditions, the seedlings developed root aerenchyma and pneumatophores as adaptation mechanisms, and their gas exchange or their micronutrient reduction and assimilation processes (with the exception of copper) were not affected. However, under permanent waterlogging, the seedlings had poor growth because of higher leaf respiration rates and probably pneumatophore maintenance and imitations in the absorption and transport of macronutrients. while the plants under partial waterlogging exhibited a growth pattern similar to that observed under optimal soil moisture conditions.
Physicochemical characterization and nutritional composition analysis of pineapple guava at three different ripening stages
Authors: García-Rivera Lina María , Váquiro-Herrera Henry Alexander , Solanilla-Duque José Fernando
Published: December 2016

Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana [O. Berg] Burret) is a fruit with export and production potential in Colombia. However, there are few reports about its composition concerning physiological behavior throughout the different ripening phases. Intending to confront this situation, a study was proposed in order to evaluate the physicochemical properties and the nutritional composition of pineapple guava fruits in three different phases of ripening, determined by the weeks elapsed after anthesis, considering it undeveloped for week 17 (W17), ripe for week 20 (W20) and overripe from week 21 (W21). Pineapple guava fruits were preliminarily characterized, they underwent a bromatological analysis and their content of vitamin A and C content was established. The results showed a significant content of crude fiber and total carbohydrates in the three evaluated phases. There was also a decrease in the neutral detergent fiber of 38% between W17 and W21. The highest level of vitamin C was reported in W17 (67.82 mg ascorbic acid/g dry sample), as well as for vitamin A (12.65 mg β-carotene/g dry sample). In a physical-chemical characterization, the existence of a particular physiological behavior is possible because of the development in size and mass of the fruit after physiological ripening. Additionally, the calcium and reducing carbohydrate content can be associated with the pulp browning phenomenon. Clearly, pineapple guava is a promising fruit thanks to its nutritional properties, according to the current consumption tendencies.
Ecophysiological aspects of fruit crops in the era of climate change. A review
Authors: Fischer Gerhard , Ramírez Fernando , Casierra-Posada Fánor
Published: December 2016

The increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse effect gases has led to global warming, which has resulted in climate change, increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and changes in the hydrological cycle, affecting the growth, development, production and quality of fruit crops, which undoubtedly will be difficult to predict and generalize because the physiological processes of plants are multidimensional. This review outlines how the effects of high/low solar radiation, temperature, water stress from droughts, flooding and rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere affect fruit crops and their growth and physiology.
Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) as a Theoretical Framework to Understand Behavior Change
Authors: Schwarzer Ralf
Published: December 2016

Se presenta un marco de referencia para explicar, predecir, y modificar conductas de salud el cual consiste en varios constructos psicológicos y un mecanismo de mediación. La percepción de riesgo, las expectativas de resultado, la autoeficacia, la intención, y el control de acción constituyen los bloques de construcción para un modelo de mediación que está basado en dos procesos: el establecimiento de metas y la consecución de metas. Cuando se trata del desarrollo de intervenciones para modificar conductas, uno puede apuntar hacia la fase inicial de motivación, o bien, hacia la fase volitiva subsecuente. Este es un marco de referencia abierto, que permite varios diseños de investigación y un subconjunto de constructos. Se han realizado cientos de estudios basados en este modelo, de los cuales se escoge, como ilustración, tres estudios correlacionales y dos estudios de intervención, que abordan actividad física en Alemania y Costa Rica, higiene dental en India y Polonia, y uso de mascarillas contra el polvo en China. Estos difieren en términos de predictores que emergen como predictores más relevantes para el cambio de conductas.
Mindfulness y síntomas de depresión en adolescentes mexicanos estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Veytia-López Marcela , Guadarrama Guadarrama Rosalinda , Márquez-Mendoza Octavio , Fajardo Gómez Rocio J.
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la asociación entre síntomas depresivos y niveles de mindfulness en adolescentes mexicanos estudiantes de bachillerato. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 930 estudiantes de bachillerato entre 15 y 19 años de edad. Se aplicaron los instrumentos CESD (síntomas de depresión) y MAAS (mindfulness) y se encontró un 17.3% de prevalencia de síntomas depresivos. Además, el 55.2% de los participantes presentaron niveles bajos de mindfulness; los adolescentes con síntomas depresivos presentaron mayores niveles de mindfulness. La asociación entre síntomas de depresión y mindfulness fue negativa (r = -0.53; <.001). Conclusión: Impulsar el estudio sobre el rasgo de atención plena o mindfulness como un factor psicológico positivo porque se demuestra su efecto reductor en síntomas de depresión.
Diferencias de la felicidad según sexo y edad en universitarios peruanos
Authors: Castilla Humberto , Caycho Tomás , Ventura-León José Luís
Published: December 2016

El estudio, descriptivo comparativo, explora las diferencias de la felicidad en jóvenes y adultos peruanos, según el sexo y la edad, a partir de las puntuaciones de la Escala de Felicidad de Lima (Alarcón, 2006). Para ello se contó con la participación de 402 personas, varones (50%) y mujeres (50%), con edades entre 16 y 35 años (Media = 19.59; DT = 3.75) de la ciudad de Lima. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres son más propensas a experimentar cierto grado de felicidad; mientras que las personas del grupo de mayor edad tienen más altas puntuaciones en felicidad que las del grupo de menor edad. Los resultados contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de la felicidad y su relación con variables sociodemográficas vinculadas a la salud y el bienestar. Esto permite, a su vez, contar con información empírica importante para la implementación de acciones destinadas a favorecer el desarrollo de variables positivas.
Evaluación del Modelo Multi-componente de Telecuidado de apoyo a Personas con Pre-diabetes en Chile
Authors: Pérez Ewert J. Carola , Bustamante Claudia , Alcayaga Claudia , Medina Margarita , Sánchez Hugo , Campos Solange , Beltrán Angela , Urrutia Mila , Lange Ilta
Published: December 2016

Antecedentes: la prediabetes es una condición reversible y su tratamiento una oportunidad para modificar prácticas no saludables. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del Modelo Multi-componente de Telecuidado para apoyo a personas con prediabetes y obesidad en Chile. Método: ensayo clínico controlado en centros de atención primaria, Santiago, Chile. Se realizó un muestreo y asignación aleatoria en cada uno de los 5 centros de salud participantes. Participantes: 70 adultos con pre-diabetes, IMC: 25-34 y acceso a telefonía móvil. GI (n = 33), recibió modelo: consejerías telefónicas, envío de SMS, material educativo y equipos auto-monitoreo; y GC (n = 32) atención habitual atención habitual y equipos de automonitoreo. Medición pre y post intervención de los conocimientos sobre Prediabetes, alimentación no saludable, actividad física, peso, circunferencia de cintura, Glicemia, Triglicéridos y Colesterol Total. Resultados: en el GI, la intervención fue efectiva en mantener estable el nivel de conocimientos sobre pre-diabetes y disminuir nivel de triglicéridos. El modelo no superó a la atención habitual en disminución del peso, circunferencia de cintura, glicemia y colesterol total.
Open Access Scientific Evidence of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Gómez-de-Regil Lizzette , Álvarez-Nemegyei José
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Proveer un resumen de la evidencia científica de accesos abierto sobre intervenciones con Terapia Cognitivo Conductual en pacientes con fibromialgia. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases en línea de Pubmed y PsycInfo, Latindex, Scielo y Redalyc. No aplicó criterio por año de publicación. Resultados: Las primeras 377 citas obtenidas se redujeron a una lista de 59 publicaciones relevantes, publicadas entre 1993 y 2016. La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en muestras de pacientes adultos, en España o Estados Unidos, con un diseño cuantitativo de tipo pre – post. Únicamente 15 publicaciones fueron de acceso abierto. Conclusiones: La evidencia empírica es amplia; sin embargo, el acceso a la misma es generalmente restringido. El material de acceso abierto puede promover el interés en las intervenciones con Terapia Cognitivo Conductual y estimular su diseño, implementación y evaluación, todo esto en beneficio de los pacientes con fibromialgia, los sistemas de salud y la ciencia.
INOVACIJOS ĮMONĖS VEIKLOS KONTEKSTE: TEORINIS ASPEKTAS
Authors: Krušinskas Rytis , Benetytė Raminta
Published: December 2016

Pasauliniai pokyčiai vis labiau sąlygoja neapibrėžtumą ir sudėtingumą. Pigi darbo jėga ir žemos kainos jau nebegali užtikrinti sėkmingo verslo konkurencingumo tarptautiniu mastu. Vis aštresnėje šiandieninėje konkurencinėje kovoje sėkmę nulemia gebėjimas kuo greičiau prisitaikyti, keistis, progresuoti ir kurti. Tai įmanoma pasiekti, investuojant į inovacinę veiklą. Todėl ypatingai svarbu analizuoti inovacinę veiklą, problemas, atsirandančias vykdant inovacinę veiklą, ir galimus problemų sprendimo būdus. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama pačios inovacijos koncepcija, klasifikavimo būdai, gyvavimo ciklas ir analizuojama inovacinės veiklos valdymo problemos ir galimi jų sprendimo būdai. Straipsnyje inovacijos koncepcija klasifikuojama pagal septynis skirtingus veiksnius, išskiriamos šešios inovacinės veiklos fazės ir analizuojamos dviejų lygmenų inovacinės veiklos valdymo problemos. Sprendimams, susijusiems su inovacine veikla, priimti pateikiami matematiniai modeliai. Išanalizavus skirtingus modelius inovacinei veiklai, daroma išvada, kad nepaisant įvairių matematinių modelių inovacinei veiklai valdyti, pagal juos gautų rezultatų tikslumas ir patikimumas priklauso nuo pasirinktų duomenų, kurie labiau yra tikimybinio ir prognozuojamojo pobūdžio.
ŪKIŲ EKONOMINĮ GYVYBINGUMĄ LEMIANTYS VERSLUMO VEIKSNIAI
Authors: Miceikienė Astrida , Savickienė Jūratė
Published: December 2016

Žemės ūkio subjektų gyvybingumo klausimas yra svarbus visame pasaulyje. Todėl mokslinė problema – įvertinti verslumo veiksnių įtaką ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumui, identifikuoti svarbiausius ekonominį gyvybingumą apibūdinančius veiksnius ir ūkius suklasterizuoti pagal atrinktus verslumo veiksnius, išlieka aktuali ir yra nagrinėjama šiame straipsnyje. Verslumo sąvoka suformuluota atsižvelgiant į užsienio ir Lietuvos autorių dažniausiai pateiktas ir jose dominavusias su pelnu siejamas koncepcijas. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą nustatyta, kad svarbiausi verslumą sudarantys veiksniai yra ekonominiai, kurie sujungia gamybos veiksnius (kapitalą, darbą ir gamtinius išteklius), todėl koreliacinės analizės pagalba, nustatytas daugumos veiksnių ryšio stiprumas ir reikšmingumas ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumui vertinti. Klasterinė analizė atlikta pagal atrinktus verslumo veiksnius ir ūkiai suklasterizuoti į verslius ir neverslius. Nustatyta, kad neverslių ūkių Lietuvoje yra keturis kartus daugiau negu verslių, o jų turimos žemės plotas yra žymiai mažesnis negu versliuose ūkiuose, tačiau ekonominis ūkio pelnas yra aukštesnis - neversliuose ūkiuose. Tai reiškia, kad geriausias ūkio ekonominis gyvybingumo rodiklis pasiekiamas tada, kai apsirūpinimas kapitalu, darbo jėga, atitinka ūkio dirbamos žemės plotą ir gamybos mastus. Didinant ūkių gyvybingumą nebūtina stambinti ūkius, orientuojančius į kapitalo ūkius, tačiau labai svarbu racionalus ūkio dydžio, turimo kapitalo ir darbo jėgos santykis.
MOKESČIAI – KAIP APLINKOS TARŠĄ MAŽINANTIS IR APLINKOS IŠTEKLIUS TAUSOJANTIS INSTRUMENTAS
Authors: Miceikienė Astrida , Čiulevičienė Vida
Published: December 2016

Mokesčiai, kaip aplinkos taršą mažinantis ir aplinkos išteklius tausojantis instrumentas – viena svarbiausių fiskalinės politikos priemonių, kurių pagalba yra skatinama ekologiška ekonomika, tobulinama socialinė apsauga, saugoma aplinka nuo per didelės gamtinių išteklių vartojimo spartos bei taršos. Nors pradinė aplinkos taršą mažinančių ir išteklius tausojančių mokesčių koncepcija buvo suformuluota dar 20 a. pradžioje, pasaulio valstybėse šie mokesčiai pradėti taikyti, palyginti su kitais mokesčiai, neseniai. Mokslinėse publikacijose užsienio ir lietuvių kalbomis, tarptautinių organizacijų oficialiuosiuose dokumentuose nėra vieningos nuomonės, koks šiuos mokesčius atspindintis pavadinimas būtų tiksliausias ir kokius mokesčius priskirti. Anglų kalba kartu su dažniausiai vartojamu terminu „taxes“ taip pat naudojami ir kiti terminai – „charges“, „levies“, „fees“, „duties“. Jie vadinami aplinkos mokesčiais (angl. environmental taxes), eko (angl. eco (logical) taxes)) mokesčiais, ekologiniu apmokestinimu (angl. ecological taxation) ir kt. Vokiečių kalboje šiems mokesčiais apibūdinti naudojama sąvoka „Umweltsteuer“ (aplinkos mokesčiai), o sąvokos „Ökosteuer” (ekologiniai mokesčiai) ir „Lenkungsabgabe“ (skatinamieji mokesčiai) vartojami kaip aplinkos mokesčių sudedamosios dalys. Mokslinėse publikacijose lietuvių kalba taip pat vartojamos įvairios sąvokos – „aplinkos mokesčiai“, „aplinkosaugos mokesčiai“, „su aplinka susiję mokesčiai“, „ekologiniai mokesčiai“ ir pan. Siekiant išgryninti sąvoką, išanalizuota įvairių aplinkos taršą mažinančių ir aplinkos išteklius tausojančių mokesčių įvairovė, rūšys, atskleistas šių mokesčių turinys. Išnagrinėjus mokslinę literatūrą prieita išvados, kad identifikuojant aplinkos taršą mažinančius ir aplinkos išteklius tausojančius mokesčius būtina atsižvelgti ne tik į mokslininkų nuomonę, bet ir į tarptautinių organizacijų ir Europos Sąjungos statistikos tarnybos Eurostato taikomas šių mokesčių definicijas, nes į šią ir kitas duomenų bazes Lietuva, vykdydama prisiimtus tarptautinius įsipareigojimus, privalo teikti palyginamąją informaciją. Siūloma plačiąja prasme lietuvių kalboje naudoti sąvoką „aplinkos mokesčiai“.
EQUITY INVESTMENTS PORTFOLIO RISK IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF BUSINESS CYCLE
Authors: Mileris Ričardas
Published: December 2016

This paper analyzes the stock market dynamics in current business cycle of Lithuania. The research has affirmed that macroeconomic environment has the very strong impact on the share prices of Lithuanian listed companies. The early warning patterns of possible sudden OMXV index decrease were suggested analyzing the changes of companies financial condition and the relative stock market and macroeconomic indicators. The factorial regression model was developed for the support of investments decision making.
KITOS BENDROSIOS PAJAMOS: LIETUVOS VERSLO ĮMONIŲ FINANSINIŲ ATASKAITŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Stončiuvienė Neringa , Zinkevičienė Danutė
Published: December 2016

Tyrimas skirtas kitų bendrųjų pajamų kaip sudėtinio įmonės veiklos rodiklio esmės, turinio ir reikšmingumo tyrimui. Kitų bendrųjų pajamų rodiklis yra santykinai naujas finansinių ataskaitų rodiklis. Jo reikšmė padidėjo pradėjus analizuoti pasaulinės finansinės krizės priežastis. Mokslininkų ir apskaitos politikos formavimo reglamentus nustatančių institucijų dėka patobulinta verslo įmonių finansinė atskaitomybė, tuo pačiu sumažinant informacijos apie įmonės veiklą asimetriškumą. Tačiau vyraujanti nacionalinių reikalavimų apskaitai įvairovė suponavo poreikį analizuoti kitų bendrųjų pajamų pripažinimo ir pateikimo finansinėse ataskaitose reglamentavimą bei praktinę patirtį Lietuvos Respublikos įmonėse. Pristatomame tyrime pateikiama išsami tikslinė tarptautinių apskaitos standartų ir nacionalinių Lietuvos verslo apskaitos standartų reikalavimų kitoms bendrosioms pajamoms pripažinti ir atskleisti turinio analizė bei atliktas tarptautinių ir nacionalinių apskaitos reikalavimų palyginimas. Koncentruotai pateikus kitų bendrųjų pajamų pripažinimo ir pateikimo finansinėse ataskaitose reikalavimus bei TASV organizuotos diskusijos argumentus, analizuota Lietuvos verslo įmonių patirtis. Tyrimui atlikti buvo pasirinktas turinio lyginamosios analizės metodas bei skaičiuota bendrųjų pajamų įtaka įmonių finansiniams rezultatams. Finansinių ataskaitų turinio analizė leido konstatuoti, kad Vilniaus vertybinių popierių biržoje registruotos įmonės pirmenybę teikia vienos kompleksinės ataskaitos apie įmonės veiklos rezultatą rengimui. Šiose įmonėse pagrindiniai kitų bendrųjų pajamų straipsniai yra Ilgalaikio materialiojo turto perkainojimo rezultatas, Valiutų kursų skirtumai dėl užsienio įmonės atskaitomybės rodiklių perskaičiavimo ir Apibrėžtų išmokų planų pakartotinio vertinimo rezultatas. Tirtuoju laikotarpiu kitų bendrųjų pajamų sumos nebuvo reikšmingos įmonių finansinėse ataskaitose, tačiau jų pateikimas naudingas, nes suteikia galimybę savininkams ir potencialiems investuotojams pasinaudoti papildoma informacija apie įmonės veiklą priimant verslo ir investicinius sprendimus.
SMULKAUS IR VIDUTINIO VERSLO ĮMONIŲ VEIKLOS KOMPLEKSINIO VERTINIMO SISTEMOS FORMAVIMO PRIELAIDOS LIETUVOJE
Authors: Venckevičiūtė Gerda , Subačienė Rasa
Published: December 2016

Šiuolaikinėje ekonomikoje smulkusis ir vidutinis verslas (toliau - SVV) vaidina svarbų vaidmenį. SVV subjektai yra gausiausia šalies socialinė ekonominė grupė. Artimiausios ES prognozės numato SVV augimą visuose veiklos sektoriuose, lygiagrečiai dėl ES iniciatyvos SVV atžvilgiu mažės finansinių duomenų prieinamumas. Lietuvoje atliekamas SVV išorinis veiklos vertinimas jau adaptavosi prie prognozuojamų pokyčių, tačiau vidinės SVV veiklos vertinimo sistemos dar nėra adaptuotos. Atliekamu tyrimu siekiama išsiaiškinti, ar yra prielaidos veiklos kompleksinio vertinimo formavimui. Kompleksinio veiklos vertinimo poreikis SVV įmonėms gali būti nustatomas analizuojant Lietuvos smulkiose įmonėse atliekamą veiklos vertinimą. Analizė atskleidžia dabartinį įmonių veiklos vertinimą, leidžia matyti trūkumus bei privalumus ir pagal tai spręsti apie kompleksinio veiklos vertinimo formavimo prielaidas bei galimybes Lietuvos SVV įmonėse. Remiantis atlikto empirinio tyrimo rezultatais atskleista, jog Lietuvos smulkioms įmonėms būdinga SVV veiklos vertinimo procesų problematika: vidinės komunikacijos lygis įmonėse nėra pakankamas, veiklos vertinimo procese statiškumo daugiau nei adaptyvumo ir dinamiškumo, finansinių ir nefinansinių veiklos vertinimo rodiklių balansas nėra tolygus. Nors didžioji dalis tvariai augusių įmonių atitinka SVV veiklos vertinimo procesui keliamus reikalavimus, tačiau tuo pačiu susiduria ir su SVV vertinimui būdinga problematika, kuri vis dar nėra išspręsta. Tai leidžia daryti išvadą, jog smulkioms Lietuvos įmonėms veiklos kompleksinio vertinimo sistemos formavimas yra aktualus bei tikslingas, prielaidos veiklos kompleksiniam vertinimui formuoti yra palankios.
New records of coprophilous ascomycetes (Fungi: Ascomycota) from Brazil and Neotropical Region
Authors: Calaça Francisco J. Simões , Xavier-Santos Solange
Published: December 2016

This study presents the first records from three genera Hypocopra, Pyxidiophora, Zopfiella and the second of the rare species, Cercophora coronata (Cailleux) Udagawa and T. Muroi, for Brazil. It also presents the first record of H. stercoraria (Sowerby) Sacc., P. arvernensis (Breton and Faurel) N. Lundq. and Z. latipes (N. Lundq.) Malloch and Cain for the Neotropical region. Specimens were obtained from dung collected in areas of the Brazilian Savannah cultured in moist chambers. Distribution data, taxonomic descriptions and new substrate records for are presented.
Metode Penafsiran Ibn Kathîr dalam Tafsîr al-Qur’ân al-‘Azîm
Authors: Aruf Thohir
Published: December 2016

When the Koran was revealed, the Prophet Muhammad serves as mubayyin, explained to his companions about the meaning and content of the verses of the Koran, particularly concerning the verses that are not understood or vague meaning. After the Prophet’s death, the friends do ijtihâd in understanding the verses of the Koran to address new issues that arise, especially those who have the ability like ‘Alî b. Abî Tâlib, Ibn ‘Abbâs, Ubay b. Ka‘b and Ibn Mas‘ûd. it is understood that the Tafsîr Ibn Kathîr is one interpretation, which, when viewed in terms of its interpretation is the interpretation of analytical methods decompose (tahlîlî). Meanwhile, when the terms of the sources of interpretation, it is a bi al-ma’thûr interpretation. But unlike other interpretations, in this interpretation the author has made criticism of the assessment of transmitters of hadith or athar friends, and have downloaded the Legal Affairs Committee (reinforce) opinion one of several different opinions, so this interpretation when viewed from a history that is mentioned more accounted
Metode Umat Wasatîyah dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Mu’tasim Hasan Muzayyanah
Published: December 2016

Interpretation’s study constantly faced with the difficulty of how to gain a thorough understanding (holistic) and avoid refractive understanding, the lack of continuity (matching) between the norms of Islam that is very noble to the reality of Muslim who are not “Islamic” what causes that to happen? Is an understanding of aspects of Islam has ceased and focus on long heritage (turâth) this is no longer considered to be the actual state of time, or because the understanding of Islam was viewed as a textual only, so it’s resulting in an antagonistic attitude of Muslims and puritans! This article attempts to answer these questions. 
Konsep al-Mujrim dalam QS. al-Kahf [18]: 47-49
Authors: Bahsoan Agil
Published: December 2016

Many people think that sin is merely doing what is prohibited and forbidden only. They forget that the first of iniquity to Allâh is leaving what was ordered, as when God commanded the devil prostrate to Adam, but Satan disobey His commands. This is the iniquity of Satan for the first time. Some scholars argue that all iniquity is a great sin. It looks like the scholars look of the Greatness of Allah Almighty and Exalted who disobeyed, so that even if the actual insubordination to his small, it still saw iniquity in him as a sin. In addition, many people do not know that in addition to the sin associated with the act limb zâhir as sin is born of the hands, feet, eyes, tongue, genitals and so there is also a sin that binds to the liver that cannot be seen by the eye but can be felt the impact, which is meant here is iniquity liver, such as cocky, riya, arrogant and so forth. These hearts are intrinsically more dangerous lawlessness of iniquity was born. Therefore this article will review the sin, the types of sins, causes the sinner based interpretation tahlîlî and mawdû‘î in QS. al-Kahf (18) 47-49.
Metode Abû Dâwud dalam Menulis al-Sunan
Authors: Ma'sum Ma'sum
Published: December 2016

In this paper the author will reveal one of the prominent figures who have long been through the mill of hadith more over the quality of his knowledge in this field does not need to worry about, Abû Dâwud made a large contribution which includes hadith of the prophet in the his book. This study on the book of hadith methodology writing is owned by Abû Dâwud hadith have found some result of hadîth da‘îf that contained therein. the indication of hadîth da‘îf loading (also mawdû‘ according to Ibn al-Jawzî version) in the Sunan Abî Dâwud does not reduce the degree of grandeur this al-Sunan. It can be seen on his prudence take a hadith and judging what source the hadith comes from objectively, the existence of hadîth da‘îf in al-Sunan is not based in his negligence and careless, but there is the element of intent. This is because he hold on the rule, it is better to use h}adîth da‘îf the one person’s opinion.
Krisis Lingkungan Hidup dalam Perspektif al-Qur’an
Authors: Cholil Zuhdi Achmad
Published: December 2016

The environmental crisis is a picture of a spiritual crisis that had plagued most of humanity due to the human deification to absolutize humanism above nature. Consequently, there was exploitation of nature in the name of human rights priorities. It needs immediate rescue through the vision of traditional Islam, which has perspectives of effective environmental protection and basic. Without the introduction and implementation of traditional Islamic teachings, it would lead to the long environmental crisis. And this paper try to explore the anxiety and conceptualization of Koran to resolve the environmental crisis, based on the traditional Islamic values derived from the verses of the Koran
Metode Penafsiran al-Shâfi‘î dalam Tafsîr al-Imâm al-Shâfi‘î
Authors: Abdillah M. Masykur
Published: December 2016

In the Abbasid period, the understanding of the Koran is still fairly freely, each reader has its own way to understand it. Freedom in understanding the Koran is ultimately impressed the wild, especially for those who do not master language of Koran. Therefore, at that time the scholars took the initiative to make the rules in the understanding of the Koran. Al-Shâfi‘î began drafting rules neatly in the form of scientific discourse that ultimately became a reference for commentators to understand the Koran. With his expertise, al-Shâfi‘î interprets the verses of the Koran by some combination of the two methods of flow on the body of Muslims at that time. The second stream is the hadîth experts and the rational. Seeing the importance of the interpretation of al-Shâfi‘î, Islamic scholars vying to compile the results of the interpretation of al-Shâfi‘î spread sporadically in his works, so comes the book Ahkâm al-Qur’ân li al-Imâm al-Shâfi‘î created by Bayhaqî, Tafsîr al-Imâm al-Shâfi‘î created by al-Shaurî, and the Tafsîr al-Imâm al-Shâfi‘î created by al-Farran. This paper will explore the history of the Tafsîr al-Shâfi‘î, al-Shâfi‘î’s method of interpreting the Koran, and the characteristic that distinguishes it from the others commentators.
Pemikiran G. H. A. Juynboll tentang Hadis
Authors: Mahmudah Nur
Published: December 2016

The outsaider studies that represented by the tradition of orientalism or islamism which continues until now are shows the dynamics of the hadith study from time to time. And one of the sect of hadith study that developed in the western wes skeptical sect. To analyze the thought of skeptical sect in the hadith study at western, this paper will discuss the Juynboll thought in hadith and the things that tangent to it which is including explored an attempt the use of the methodology or theory in the Western studies whitin certain limits for the assessment of hadith. A part from the implications and motives that sometimes becomes the background for hadith assessment as seen in the long history of islamic studies (including the hadith in it), a serious challenge from Western scholars to prove the historicity of the hadith is part of the Muslim scholary duty to provide academic and scintific answers, not just a description of the normative-apologist.
Karya Tafsir Modern di Timur Tengah Abad 19 dan 20 M
Authors: Dalhari Moh.
Published: December 2016

Motto that has always expressed is that the Koran was Sâlih li kull zamân wa makân, in the sense they do not just blindly accept what is revealed literally (as most commentators earlier), but try to understand by always trying to look at the context and meaning behind ayat- verses of the Koran. In other words, you want to search is the “spirit” or the moral message of the Koran itself. Modern interpretations are always encouraged to fit the paper with the condition of the interpreter. Advances in science may be the main factor in the birth and raise their interpreter responds. This paper tries to describe the state of some modern interpretations evolve. At the end of this paper, the authors conclude that the modern interpretation dominited by philosophy studies of the Koran, Koran and natural history. As well as newspapers and actual problems of Muslim Dailu. The authors also conclude that interpretations may exist in the modern era, when it contains a strong meaning for Muslims everyday problems (practical interpretation), as well as concrete and objective support for the development of human knowledge (tafsîr ‘ilmî).
Evolusi Konsep Sunnah dalam Lintasan Sejarah
Authors: Rohman Taufikur
Published: December 2016

A conversation about the sunnah is a long and ongoing discussion to the present. The central issue that continues is about the nature, status, and authority of the sunnah. This issue becomes so important because the position of the Prophet Muhammad as the messenger of Allah, so that his words and actions received by most Muslims as a source of religious authority and the second law after the Koran. Actually, the concept of the sunnah has evolved from time-to time. At the time of the Prophet Muhammad, sunnah is understood in an ideal form of behavior exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad who was always getting guidance from God throughout his life. At the time of the companions, this concept has been sustained and even further developed with the ijtihâd of the Companions, especially al-Khulafâ’ al-Râshidûn that applied to society at that time. Discussing about sunnah, than, can not avoid discussions about hadith, because hadîthes are vehicles of the sunnah. At glance, the term sunnah and hadîth has same meaning, that is the tradition of the Prophetic tradition. This paper tries to highlight the development of the concept of the sunnah from the Prophet until the era of al-Shâfi‘î.
Tafsir Ideologis dalam Khazanah Intelektual Islam
Authors: Zamzami M. Subhan
Published: December 2016

One of the causes is not the end of the study the Koran is the Koran contains many possible meanings (Wujûh al-Ma‘ânî) continuous potential can be explored and interpreted in accordance with the methods and tendencies interpreter. Therefore, no wonder the result was rich in meaning and interpretation is different, so lure the attention of others to re-refine and refuse to offer a different perspective. This viewpoint difference is attributed to the possibility of the many meanings of the Koran, also due to socio-cultural and areas of specialization of each interpreter. Ideology and political upheaval Muslims initial period stimulate the birth of the leaders of rival political and theological thinking bolder and varied. As evidence, if at the time of the Prophet and the Companions interpretation of verses mutashâbih tend to be avoided, the interpretation of later generations of the same paragraph as the focus of their attention and more wide open. So also with the interpretation of the Koran political interests and ideological bias increasingly widespread
Pemikiran Nasr Hâmid Abû Zayd tentang Fiqh al-Ta’wîl wa al-Tafsîr
Authors: Kholid Abd
Published: December 2016

Abû Zayd was born on july 1, 1943 in a village called Tanta, the provincial capital of al-Gharbîyah, Egypt. Abû Zayd is very concerned with the study of the Koran. Several important works were written al-Ittijâh al-‘Aqlî fî al-Tafsîr: Qadîyat al-Majâz ‘ind al-Mu‘tazilah al-Wasatîyah and Naqd al-Khitâb al-Dînî. intellectual adventure Abû Zayd peaked when he wrote a short treatise as one of the main requirement professor appointment at the university of Cairo. Abû Zayd has given the feel of a more powerful, though that’s not easily penetrate the fortress-establishment of religious understanding which is wrapped in the name of Islam. The most obvious influence of Abû Zayd’s thought is in epistemology level of reviewing and interpreting the Koran. Which has been much less touched by classical interpreter.
Pemikiran Politik al-Shawkânî dalam Fath al-Qadîr
Authors: Hanafi Yusuf
Published: December 2016

Muhammad b. ‘Alî Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allâh al-Shawkânî al-San‘ânî. He was born in the Hijrah in Shawkân village, Yemen on Monday 28 Dhû al-Qa‘dah 1172 H and died on Tuesday, 27 Jumâd al-Akhîr 1250 H at the age about 78 years. Al-Shawkânî grew up in the San‘a city, it is the capital of the republic of Yemen now. He study first time about religion from his father, then from renowed scholars in San‘a and its surrounding, he was known as a scolar who mastered the various branches of religious sciences. Such as tafsîr, h}adîth, fiqh, us}ûl al-fiqh, history, science of kalâm, philosophy, balâghah, mant}iq etc. the main issue in this article is how political thought in the book of tafsir Fath al-Qadîr is the work of Shawkânî. At the end of article, the authors found that the intended political thinking in the study of Fath al-Qadîr is about constitutional ideas. These ideas about the constitution is limited to the concept of leadership and deliberation, the concept of the right of citizen to obtain justice, and the concept pf the right of citizens to live association and assembly
Determining silt state from CPTu
Authors: Shuttle Dawn , Jefferies Michael
Published: December 2016

Tailings, produced when rock is crushed to recover metals, are normally discharged as slurry of predominantly silt-sized particles into storage areas that are created using dams. These dams have a poor safety record with billions of dollars in damages over the past decade alone, making reliable engineering of silt an important economic and safety issue for the mining industry. Equally, engineering of silts is challenging, as understanding of soil behaviour relates mostly to ‘sands’ or ‘clays’. Undisturbed silt samples suffer substantial densification between sampling, transfer to element test and reinstatement of in situ stresses. Hence, silts require a sand-like approach that combines laboratory tests on reconstituted samples with in situ cone penetration test (CPT) soundings. This paper presents calibrated spherical cavity expansion in a general critical-state soil model to simulate the CPT in silt. The developed methodology is numerical, accurately captures calibration data and allows determination of the in situ state parameter in silts from CPT data. A validation is presented for a large tailing impoundment using stacked thickened tailings. Open-source software implementing the methodology is provided on the journal website as supplementary material.
Analysis of Adaptivity and Plasticity in the Network of Homeostatic Neurons
Authors: Никитин О.Ю. , Nikitin O.Yu.
Published: December 2016

Here we present the model of bioinspired neuron, incorporating cellular homeostasis. We propose the modified STDP plasticity rule, including influence
of the input signal on the neuronal cellular homeostatic state. Properties of the network of proposed neurons have been studied. The network was used
to control adaptive behavior of an agent in the multi-task environment. Statistical study was performed to find out the adaptive properties of
the network with different levels of homeostatical plasticity. Model of the network, incorporating full homeostatically dependent weight correction
was able to control an agent in the environment without direct evaluation function. We conclude that important to pay attention to interaction
of the input signal and cellular homeostasis in order to reproduce biologically plausible and adaptive behavior of an agent.
Correlation of electroglottograph with vocal cord pathology
Authors: Chandrashekarappa Shilpa , S. Sandeep , Jain Sandeep , M. Guruswamy , Shetty Shivaram T.
Published: December 2016

Background: Vocal cord disorders are very commonly encountered in ENT Outpatient. Electroglottogram is a non-invasive method for the examination of the vocal fold vibrations.  It exerts no influence at all on articulation and production of sound and is cost effective. The aim of the present study was to validate the clinical correlation of electroglottogram in patients presenting with hoarseness of voice.

Methods: 30 patients with history of hoarseness of voice and 30 normals were selected from ENT outpatient and inpatient department over a period of 2 years. All subjects underwent detailed ENT history taking, clinical examination, rigid laryngoscopy and electroglottography and results were documented.  

Results: Electroglottography waveforms of various voice disorders like vocal cord nodule, polyp, papilloma and haemangioma showed specific changes like double peak or notch in closing phase of waveform in case of mass lesion over the vocal cords and fuzzy waveform with prolonged closing time in case of vocal cord palsy. Significant difference was noted in certain electroglottographic parameters for phonated vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/ for certain vocal cord disorders.

Conclusions: Electroglottograph helps in diagnosing the pathology related to vocal cords, whether it is mass lesion over the vocal cords or vocal cord palsy but to differentiate in between mass lesions, clinical examination has to be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Journey from the Center of the Cell - the intra- and intercellular transport of mRNA
Authors: Kasprowicz-Maluski Anna , Kwiatkowski Wojciech , Starosta Alicja , Wojtaszek Przemysław
Published: December 2016

Transport and localized translation of mRNA is crucial for the proper spatiotemporal organization of proteins within cells. Distribution of RNAs to subcellular domains  has recently emerged as a major mechanism for establishing functionally distinct compartments and structures in the cells. There is an emerging evidence that active transport of mRNA involves cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking pathways both in fungi, plants and animals, suggesting that it is a common phenomenon among eukaryotes. Important highlights are that RNA-binding proteins recognize cargo mRNA and that RNPs are actively transported on  cytoskeletal tracks or co-transported with membranous compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum and endosomes.  The interest of scientists has expanded over the past years in response to the discoveries that RNA can be exported from cells to play the role in intercellular communication. In this review, we will focus on the characterization RNA transport within cell and between cells and on currently proposed mechanisms for RNA targeting.
Types of Multiple Intelligence Common Among College of Education Students at Dammam University and Their Relation with Specialization, Scholastic Year and Grade Point Average(GPA)
Authors: Rasheed Ra’eda Mohammad
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to identify the kinds of multiple intelligence common among the College of Education students at Dammam University. The study sample consisted of (201) students specialized in Mathematics, Physics ,Computer Science, English and Kindergarten and the preparatory year of scientific and literary streams. Mackenzie Inventory for Multiple Intelligence (Mackenzie, 1999) was used, after confirming its validity and reliability. The study results indicated an acceptable ratio of multiple intelligence communality among the students of the College of Education at Jubail/University of Dammam regarding the communality of multiple intelligence among them. The most common kind of intelligence was intrapersonal intelligence, while the least common was musical intelligence. The communality level ratio of mathematical-logical intelligence, visual intelligence, linguistic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence (social) and bodily- kinesthetic intelligence were approximate. There was a significant difference attributed to interaction among students’ multiple intelligence, specialization, scholastic year and Grade Point Average (GPA).
Etude De La Pertinence Des IG Comme Outil De Différenciation Des Produits De Terroir: CAS DE l’IGP Argane Dans La Ville d’Agadir Et Regions
Authors: Bouchra El Bakkouri , Malika Souaf , Youssef Elwazani
Published: December 2016

The differentiation of local products is considered as a necessity nowadays given the standardization flows are increasing. This differentiation can be established especially through the Distinctive Signs of Origin and Quality (DSOQ). Our work has shown through the example of the PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) Argane, that GIs are a relevant tool for the differentiation of local products if they (GIs) are placed in a favorable context to their application. Our paper answers the following question: "To what extent geographical indications are meant as an effective tool for differentiation of local products: case of the PGI Argane in the city of Agadir and regions? To do so, we used an exploratory qualitative study through semi-structured interviews with a sample of people representing different stakeholders of Agadir and its regions, preceded of course by a literature review on the different key concepts.
Learner Autonomy: Iraqi EFL Teachers’ Beliefs
Authors: Alzeebaree Yaseen , Yavuz Mehmet
Published: December 2016

Today students need to take responsibility for their own learning and be autonomous more than thirty years ago. Learner autonomy, which makes the learners more effective, has been given attention in the language learning process over the last three decades. The goal of this study is to explore Iraqi English teachers’ beliefs about learner autonomy. The participants of the study consist of 116 EFL teachers (87 males and 29 females) from different academic (Diploma, Bachelor, Master and PhD) and teaching (intermediate, secondary and university) levels. A questionnaire developed by Borg & AlBusaidi (2012) is used to elicit the required data. Data is analyzed by using SPSS version 22. The results of the study reveal that EFL teachers have a positive attitude to some extent towards learner autonomy. The results of the study and their pedagogical implications are discussed, and recommendations for further research are provided.
Isolement, Identification Et Activite Antifongique De Deux Sesquiterpenes D’asteriscus Graveolens Subsp. Odorus (Schousb.) Greuter
Authors: Alilou Hakim , Bencharki Bouchaib , Akssira Mohammed , Hassani Lalla Mina Idrissi , Barka Noureddine
Published: December 2016

Two sesquiterpenes of Asteriscus graveolens subsp. odorus, have been extracted, separated, purified and identified by NMR and IR: the naupliolide and asteriscunolide 3c. The valuation of these compounds is part of the search for a preventive approach of integrated control to reduce significantly the use of pesticides and especially the fungicide ones. The results revealed a strong inhibitory effect on naupliolide against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum dice concentration of 200 ppm. The asteriscunolide 3c showed a remarkable effect against Botrytis cinerea from the concentration of 150 ppm.