bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of four mitochondrial genomes of Crambidae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Wu Yupeng , Liu Xiaoran , Zhang Yulei , Fang Hui , Lu Junjiao , Wang Juping
Published: May 2022

Loxostege turbidalis,Loxostege aeruginalis,Pyrausta despicata, andCrambus perlellusbelong to Crambidae, Pyraloidea. Their mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) were successfully sequenced. The mitogenomes ofL. turbidalis,L. aeruginalis,P. despicata, andC. perlellusare 15 240 bp, 15 339 bp, 15 389 bp, and 15 440 bp. The four mitogenomes all have a typical insect mitochondrial gene order, including 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one A + T rich region (control region). The PCGs are initiated by the typical ATN codons, except CGA for the cox1 gene. Most PCGs terminate with common codon TAA or TAG, the incomplete codon T is found as the stop codon for cox2, nad4, and nad5. Most tRNA genes exhibit typical cloverleaf structure, except trnS1 (AGN) lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The secondary structure of rRNA of four mitogenomes were predicted. Poly‐T structure and micro‐satellite regions are conserved in control regions. The phylogenetic analyses based on 13 PCGs showed the relationships of subfamilies in Pyraloidea. Pyralidae, and Crambidae are monophyletic, respectively. Pyralidae comprises four subfamilies, which form the following topology with high support values: (Galleriinae + ((Pyralinae + Epipaschiinae)+ Phycitinae)). Crambidae includes seven subfamilies and is divided into two lineages. Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae are sister groups of each other, and form the “PS clade.” Other five subfamilies (Crambinae, Acentropinae, Scopariinae, Schoenobiinae, and Glaphyriinae) form the “non‐PS clade” in the Bayesian inference tree. However, Schoenobiinae is not grouped with the other four subfamilies and located at the base of Crambidae in two maximum likelihood trees.
Ugi Reaction Mediated Detergent Assembly for Membrane Protein Studies
Authors: Yang Meifang , Luo Weiling , Zhang Wei , Wang Huixia , Xue Dongxiang , Wu Yiran , Zhao Suwen , Zhao Fei , Zheng Xing , Tao Houchao
Published: May 2022

Despite the continuous efforts, the current repertoire of detergents is still far from sufficient for the biophysics studies of membrane proteins (MPs). Toward the rapid expansion of detergent diversity, we herein report a new strategy based on Ugi reaction mediated modular assembly. Structural varieties, including hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, could be conveniently introduced from the multiple reaction components. New detergents then were comprehensively evaluated in the physical properties and preliminarily screened by the thermal stabilization for a transporter MsbA and a spectrum of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). For the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R), a class B GPCR, detergent M‐23‐M finally stood out in a second evaluation for the maintenance of homogeneity and was further illustrated its application in the improvement of NMR study. Besides the promising utility in the MP study, the current results exhibit intriguing structural‐physical relationship that would allow the guidance in the tuning of detergent properties in the future.
The complex search for the cause of gastroschisis
Authors: de Freitas Amanda Brasil , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Hoshida Mara Sandra , De Oliveira Yanca Gasparini , Kulikowski Leslie Domenici , de Lourdes Brizot Maria
Published: May 2022

Background

To reveal the complex etiology of gastroschisis through two independent cases.

Cases

Case 1 involves gastroschisis recurrence in a consanguineous marriage, and Case 2 concerns a fetus with gastroschisis whose mother had undergone gastroplasty. Methylation array was carried out in both cases (two fetuses with gastroschisis, their two mothers, one father from the consanguineous marriage), and in 16 controls (fetuses and their respective mothers).

Conclusion

The two cases presented different noninherited methylation profiles.
Stahlfasern ersetzen Bewehrung – Fundamente aus Halbfertigteilen mit hoher Fasermenge
Authors: Look Katharina , Mark Peter
Published: May 2022

Ziel des Beitrags ist es, kreuzweise Oberflächenbewehrungen von ca. 4 bis 8 cm2/m vollständig durch Stahlfaserbeton zu ersetzen. Dies gilt für die Tragfähigkeit genauso wie für die Abschätzung der Rissbreiten. Dazu werden Halbfertigteile (HFT) mit sehr hohen Fasermengen vorgefertigt und anschließend mit Ortbeton ergänzt. Das Konzept ist für die untere Bewehrung von Fundamenten oder für Wände in Halbfertigteilbauweise geeignet. Es vereinfacht und beschleunigt den Bauablauf und reduziert erheblich die Bewehrungsarbeiten. Im Beitrag wird das Konzept an einem Einzelfundament lx × ly × h = 1,1 × 1,1 × 0,3 [m] mit einem 10 cm hohen HFT und 140 kg/m3 endverankerten hochfesten Stahlfasern umgesetzt. In zwei realmaßstäblichen Experimenten wird die Biegetragfähigkeit des Fundaments mit HFT gegenüber einem klassisch bewehrten Stahlbetonfundament als Referenz getestet. Beide waren so ausgelegt, dass die Bewehrungsmenge bei Fließen in etwa dieselbe Zugkraft aufnimmt wie der Stahlfaserbeton nach Rissbildung. Die Faserbetonlösung besitzt eine rund 14 % höhere Tragfähigkeit, eine höhere Steifigkeit nach Rissbildung, eine geringere Verformungskapazität auf dem Lastniveau der Tragfähigkeit und auf Lastniveau der Gebrauchstauglichkeit etwa gleiche Rissbreiten.
Comparison of outcomes following lobectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection based on pathological subtyping in patients with pN0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma ≤1 cm
Authors: Song Weijian , Hou Yucheng , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhou Qianjun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We sought to analyze the prognostic significance of lung adenocarcinoma classification for patients with pathological N0 (pN0) lung invasive adenocarcinomas ≤1 cm who underwent surgical resection and investigate the optimal surgical procedure according to lung adenocarcinoma classification.

Methods

A total of 1409 consecutive patients with resected pN0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma ≤1 cm were retrospectively reviewed. Comprehensive histologic subtyping was determined according to IASLC/ATS/ERS lung adenocarcinoma classification. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients receiving lobectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection.

Results

RFS and OS favored lobectomy and segmentectomy compared with wedge resection in the entire cohort. Five‐year RFS rates were 100%, 98.2%, 97.3%, 77.8%, and 82.8% (p < 0.001) for lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid predominant subtypes, while 5‐year OS rates were 100%, 98.4%, 98.1%, 88.9%, and 96.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that adenocarcinoma predominant pathological subtype and CT appearance were independent prognostic factors for RFS, and surgical procedure was independent factor for both RFS and OS. Specifically, wedge resection showed worse survival compared with anatomical resection in patients with papillary, micropapillary, or solid predominant subtypes, whereas in patients with lepidic predominant and acinar predominant subtypes, wedge resection showed comparable RFS with anatomical resection.

Conclusions

Anatomical resection showed better survival for patients with pN0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma ≤1 cm. For patients with invasive adenocarcinoma ≤1 cm in whom anatomical resection is not feasible, wedge resection could provide similar oncological effect when tumor is lepidic predominant or acinar predominant.
DCR‐Net: Dilated convolutional residual network for fashion image retrieval
Authors: Chen Jia , Yuan Haidongqing , Zhang Yi , He Ruhan , Liang Jinxing
Published: May 2022

Fashion image retrieval is an important branch of image retrieval technology. With the rapid development of online shopping, fashion image retrieval technology has made a breakthrough from text‐based to content‐based. But there is still not a proper deep learning method used for fashion image retrieval. This article proposes a fashion image retrieval framework based on dilated convolutional residual network which consists of two major parts, image feature extraction and feature distance measurement. For image feature extraction, we first extract the shallow features of the input image by a multi‐scale convolutional network, and then develop a novel dilated convolutional residual network to obtain the deep features of the image. Finally, the extracted features are transformed into high‐dimensional features vector by a binary retrieval vector module. For feature distance measurement, we first use PCA to reduce the dimension of the extracted high‐dimensional vectors. Then we propose a mixed distance measurement algorithm combined with cosine distance and Mahalanobis distance to calculate the spatial distance of the feature vectors for similarity ranking, which solves the problems of poor robustness in complex background fashion image retrieval and the inefficiency calculation of Mahalanobis distance. The experimental results show the superiority of our fashion image retrieval framework over existing state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Detecting color boundaries on 3D surfaces by applying edge‐detection image filters on a quad‐remeshing
Authors: Huang Yi‐Jheng
Published: May 2022

Edge detection is a common image‐processing technique that has numerous applications. In this article, we propose an algorithm for detecting edges based on the color of a mesh surface. We name the edges thecolor boundaries. Our approach is based on the data structure of a quad mesh, which makes the data structure of 3D meshes resemble the data structure of images. As a result, image‐processing methods can be applied on the 3D meshes. In this article, six classical edge detection filters are implemented on the 3D meshes. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can identify areas of high color gradient on 3D meshes. A comparison with two other methods for detecting color boundaries on 3D meshes reveals that our method is more effective at detecting boundaries. Lastly, we propose two novel applications that utilize the information of color boundaries on a 3D mesh surface.
Consumers' trust propensity and continuous use intention toward the sharing economy: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Sun Gong , Sun Ruijie , Li Jie , Wang Wangshuai , Johnson Lester
Published: May 2022

This study is aiming to explore the mechanism by which consumers' trust propensity affects their continuous use intention toward the sharing economy platform. The results suggest that organizational legitimacy mediates the relationship between trust propensity and continuous use intention. Moreover, we find that perceived social impact of the sharing platform moderates the indirect effect of consumers' trust propensity on continuous use intention via organizational legitimacy. This study illustrates the roles of users' personality trait and sharing platforms' social attributes in explaining consumer behavior in sharing economy. In addition, theoretical and practical implications are offered.
Pyrimidine‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Mitophagy via Detection of Mitochondrial pH Variation
Authors: Zhou Jia , Du Wei , Shao Tao , Li Zheng , Zhang Duoteng , Wang Lan , Fang Zhijie , Li Jie , Wu Qiong , Zhang Chengwu , Li Lin
Published: May 2022

Impaired mitophagy hinders the clearance of damaged mitochondria, inducing pathological states. Knowledge of this phenomenon is key to diagnosing certain diseases and understanding their pathogenesis. Mitophagy involves an acidization process that could serve as an ideal detection target. In this work, we designed and synthesized a mitochondrial‐targeting fluorescence probe, Z2, for evaluating pH variation. This probe exhibited remarkable “turn‐on” fluorescence under acidic conditions. In biological applications, Z2 showed a strong, specific pH detection capacity in Parkin‐overexpressing HeLa cells during the mitophagy process. The “turn‐on” fluorescence property of Z2 was also used to detect pH variations in Caenorhabditis elegans. This probe, as a novel pH assessment tool, may facilitate further research of mitophagy‐associated pathological patterns.
Stomatological management and implant‐supported rehabilitation in a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Mestrallet Pierre , Wardani Adnane , Evrard Laurence
Published: May 2022

Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a disease that causes epithelium fragility due to a protein anomaly caused by a genetic mutation. Epidermolysis bullosa clinical manifestations are bullae and cutaneous‐mucosal erosions. Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare disease, with different clinical presentations depending on the type and subtype. The stomatological treatment depends on the oral manifestations and EB types. There is no high level of recommendations due to the limited cases described in the literature. We describe an implant‐supported dento‐maxillary rehabilitation of a 49‐year‐old patient suffering from a newly diagnosed hereditary recessive EB with disabling oral manifestations. In the current case, the diagnosis of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa has been confirmed, and adequate dental care was carried out taking into account the disease constraints.
Fahr syndrome discovered in adulthood revealing a rare GNAS mutation in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a in a Tunisian family
Authors: Debbabi Wided , Khelifi Dayssem , Kharrat Issam , Samet Slim
Published: May 2022

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) indicates a rare heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased serum concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and insensitivity to the biologic activity of PTH. One of its most common types is PHP‐1a. In this report, we present a familial PHP‐1a and a novel mutation of the GNAS gene.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Cassia auriculata Flower Extract and Their Photocatalytic Behavior
Authors: Prabula S. Surendradev , Hentry Conchalish , Rose B. Leema , Parvathiraja Chelliah , Mani Aravind , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Eldesoky Gaber E. , Islam Mohammed Ataul
Published: May 2022

The present work describes the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (NPs) from Cassia auriculata flower extract. The existence of elemental Ag with surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm was shown by ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to identify the effective functional groups of the flower extract. Spherical, polydisperse Ag NPs with high‐crystallinity face‐centered cubic structure were revealed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The reduction of Ag+ ions and their binding energy were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Ag NPs degrade methylene blue dye to 70 % within 120 min. The quenching of , h+, and OH• was evaluated. These properties suggest that silver NPs have potential applications in environmental‐related areas.
Enantioseparation of basic drugs by reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography system using carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive
Authors: Ao Qiong , Zhao Hongliang , Tong Tianzhong , Peng Yangfeng , He Zhaoyang
Published: May 2022

A rapid and efficient method was developed for enantioseparation of basic drugs, using carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CM‐β‐CD) as chiral mobile phase additive, rather than involving costly chiral column in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Four of the six basic drug enantiomers investigated were successfully separated. The highest resolution reaches 2.15 for threo‐(1S,2S)‐2‐amino‐l‐p‐nitrophenyl‐1,3‐propanediol. The effects of the organic modifier, pH value, concentration of chiral additive, column temperature, and flow rate of mobile phase on the enantioseparation of analytes were researched. The apparent formation constants of inclusion and the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated to explain the mechanism of chiral recognition.
Flexible 3D‐Printed Test Rig for Liquid Distribution Characterization of Laboratory‐Scale Packings
Authors: Ashour Mohamed Adel , Neukäufer Johannes , Sarajlic Nadin , Klein Harald , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Paschold Jürgen , Knösche Carsten , Grützner Thomas
Published: May 2022

In distillation, additive manufacturing can facilitate the design and fabrication of laboratory‐scale packed columns that overcome the existing miniaturization limits while maintaining scalability. Liquid distribution is one of the appraisal criteria for new packing structures. For this purpose, a flexible 3D‐printed laboratory test rig is presented. The setup offers a wide liquid load operation range from approx. 2.5 to 20 m3m−2h−1 for column diameters of 20–50 mm. First results regarding steady‐state development, initial liquid distribution effect and liquid load variation are shown using a 3D‐printed version of the Rombopak 9M in a 20‐mm diameter column.
Linear Stability of Pipe Poiseuille Flow at High Reynolds Number Regime
Authors: Chen Qi , Wei Dongyi , Zhang Zhifei
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we prove the linear stability of the pipe Poiseuille flow for general perturbations at high Reynolds number regime. This has been a long‐standing problem since the experiments of Reynolds in 1883. Our work lays a foundation for the theoretical analysis of hydrodynamic stability of pipe flow, which is one of the oldest yet unsolved problems in fundamental fluid dynamics. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Plasma phase transition in historical aspect and the role of bound states
Authors: Khomkin Alexander L. , Shumikhin Aleksey S.
Published: May 2022

This paper considers the problem of the existence of the plasma phase transition (PPT) in Coulomb systems. The main focus is on the role of the bound states. We declare that the existence of bound states and the need to consider them into account is determined largely by the methodology of the PPT search. We consider phase transitions in classical Coulomb models and hydrogen plasma and point out that electron‐ion recombination is the dominant process in numerical simulation.
Hybrid localization scheme using K‐fold optimization with machine learning in WSN
Authors: Yadav Preeti , Sharma Subhash Chandra , Rishiwal Vinay
Published: May 2022

Node localization technology can identify and track nodes, making observing data more relevant; for example, information received at the sink node would be useless to the client if node localization data from the sensor region were not included. Localization is described as determining the location of unknown sensor nodes named destination nodes applying the recognized location of anchor nodes based on measurements such as time difference of occurrence, time of occurrence, angle of occurrence, triangulation, and maximum probability. The purpose of node localization is to assign coordinates points to all sensor nodes arbitrarily put in the monitoring region and have an unknown location. Localization of nodes is essential to account for the cause of events that help group sensor querying, routing, and network coverage. In this paper, data transmission among the nodes is done by comparing the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value with the supervised learning value. If the RSSI value is less than the supervised learning value, the data transmission takes place; else, no transmission. This paper proposes a hybrid localization scheme that effectively uses K‐fold optimization with supervised learning and gives good results for distance error and RSSI/energy efficiency. The proposed scheme can effectively detect the optimal path for data transmission, node localization for the destination, and overall performance enhancement using threshold decision making.
Creating a caring, responsive environment for students with childhood trauma
Authors: Shapley Derrick
Published: May 2022

Working at an HBCU, I have seen the impact of childhood trauma on a person's development and college success. In a survey of our college campus, we found 82% of students experienced either food or housing insecurity or both in the past year. The presence of poverty and trauma has been a continuing presence throughout many of their lives. We discovered that 35% of students had experienced homelessness at some point. Fifty percent of students surveyed had a family member who had been a victim of physical violence.
Support those impacted by global crises, including the war in Ukraine
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2022

Although it may seem difficult to find practical ways to show support for your institution's international students, staff, and faculty who have been impacted by the Russia–Ukraine war and other recent global crises, it comes down to some very basic strategies.
AASCU president discusses her leadership journey
Authors: Takami Lisa Mednick
Published: May 2022

Mildred García, Ed.D., assumed the presidency of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities in January 2018. Previously, she served as President of California State University, Fullerton and Berkeley Colleges (New York and New Jersey campuses).
Resource competition explains rare cannibalism in the wild in livebearing fishes
Authors: Riesch Rüdiger , Araújo Márcio S. , Bumgarner Stuart , Filla Caitlynn , Pennafort Laura , Goins Taylor R. , Lucion Darlene , Makowicz Amber M. , Martin Ryan A. , Pirroni Sara , Langerhans R. Brian
Published: May 2022

Cannibalism, the act of preying on and consuming a conspecific, is taxonomically widespread, and putatively important in the wild, particularly in teleost fishes. Nonetheless, most studies of cannibalism in fishes have been performed in the laboratory. Here, we test four predictions for the evolution of cannibalism by conducting one of the largest assessments of cannibalism in the wild to date coupled with a mesocosm experiment. Focusing on mosquitofishes and guppies, we examined 17 species (11,946 individuals) across 189 populations in the wild, spanning both native and invasive ranges and including disparate types of habitats. We found cannibalism to be quite rare in the wild: most populations and species showed no evidence of cannibalism, and the prevalence of cannibalism was typically less than 5% within populations when it occurred. Most victims were juveniles (94%; only half of these appeared to have been newborn offspring), with the remaining 6% of victims being adult males. Females exhibited more cannibalism than males, but this was only partially explained by their larger body size, suggesting greater energetic requirements of reproduction likely play a role as well. We found no evidence that dispersal‐limited environments had a lower prevalence of cannibalism, but prevalence was greater in populations with higher conspecific densities, suggesting that more intense resource competition drives cannibalistic behavior. Supporting this conclusion, our mesocosm experiment revealed that cannibalism prevalence increased with higher conspecific density and lower resource levels but was not associated with juvenile density or strongly influenced by predation risk. We suggest that cannibalism in livebearing fishes is rare in the wild because preying on conspecifics is energetically costly and only becomes worth the effort when competition for other food is intense. Due to the artificially reduced cost of capturing conspecifics within confined spaces, cannibalism in captive settings can be much more frequent.
Similar fish species composition despite larger environmental heterogeneity during severe hypoxia in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Shinohara Naoto , Hongo Yuki , Ichinokawa Momoko , Nishijima Shota , Sawayama Shuhei , Kurogi Hiroaki , Uto Yasuyuki , Mita Hisanori , Ishii Mitsuhiro , Kusano Akane , Akimoto Seiji
Published: May 2022

Environmental heterogeneity is one of the most influential factors that create compositional variation among local communities. Greater compositional variation is expected when an environmental gradient encompasses the most severe conditions where species sorting is more likely to operate. However, evidence for stronger species sorting at severer environment has typically been obtained for less mobile organisms and tests are scarce for those with higher dispersal ability that allows individuals to sensitively respond to environmental stress. Here, with the dynamics of fish communities in a Japanese bay revealed by environmental DNA metabarcoding analyses as a model case, we tested the hypothesis that larger environmental heterogeneity caused by severe seasonal hypoxia (lower concentration of oxygen in bottom waters in summer) leads to larger variation of species composition among communities. During summer, fish species richness was lower in the bottom layer, suggesting the severity of the hypoxic bottom water. In contrast to the prediction, we found that although the environmental parameters of bottom and surface water was clearly distinct in summer, fish species composition was more similar between the two layers. Our null model analysis suggested that the higher compositional similarity during hypoxia season was not a result of the sampling effect reflecting differences in the alpha or gamma diversity. Furthermore, a shift in the species occurrence from bottom to surface layers was observed during hypoxia season, which was consistent across species, suggesting that the severe condition in the bottom adversely affected fish species irrespective of their identity. These results suggest that larger environmental heterogeneity does not necessarily lead to higher compositional variation once the environmental gradient encompasses extremely severe conditions. This is most likely because individual organisms actively avoided the severity quasi‐neutrally, which induced mass effect‐like dispersal and lead to the mixing of species composition across habitats. By showing counter evidence against the prevailing view, we provide novel insights into how species sorting by environment acts in heterogeneous and severe conditions.
Construction of Chemoenzymatic Linear Cascades for the Synthesis of Chiral Compounds
Authors: Ascaso‐Alegre Christian , Mangas‐Sanchez Juan
Published: May 2022

Inspired by nature, synthetic chemists try to mimic the efficient metabolic networks in living organisms to build complex molecules by combining different types of catalysts in the same reaction vessel. These multistep cascade processes provide many advantages to synthetic procedures, resulting in higher productivities with lower waste generation and cost. However, combining different chemo‐ and biocatalysts can be challenging as reaction conditions might differ greatly. As a highly multidisciplinary field that benefits from advances in chemical catalysis, molecular biology and reaction engineering, this area of study is rapidly progressing. In this Review, we highlight recent trends and advances in the construction of multistep chemoenzymatic one‐pot cascades to access chiral compounds as well as the different strategies to solve current challenges in the field.
Mechanism and Origin of Enantioselectivity in Bifunctional Squaramide‐Catalyzed α‐Thiolation of Azlactones
Authors: Santos Izabela A. , de Castro Pedro P. , Dos Santos Hélio F. , Amarante Giovanni W.
Published: May 2022

The full mechanism of the asymmetric α‐thiolation of azlactones catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid‐derived squaramide was carefully investigated through theoretical calculations. The results revealed that the reaction proceeds in two sequential steps. First, the azlactone α‐deprotonation by the catalyst tertiary amine group (which for the major product is the rate‐limiting step) affords a chiral molecular aggregate containing the azlactone enolate. Next, three proposals were evaluated concerning the enantiodetermining step (carbon‐sulfur bond formation). It was possible to exclude the azlactone enol as a key intermediate. The most viable pathway consists of a Münchnone‐type activation mode, which associated with secondary hydrogen bonding interactions between the catalyst and the thiolating reagent (bifunctional catalysis), is responsible for the asymmetric induction process. Thus, by using two different reaction conditions, the theoretical enantiomeric excesses were computed and compared with literature data, presenting a good correlation with the reported experimental values.
Synthesis of Angucycline/Tetrangulol Derivatives Using Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Ring‐Closing Carbonyl‐Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Jagot Fatema , Ntsimango Songeziwe , Ngwira Kennedy J. , Fernandes Manuel A. , de Koning Charles B.
Published: May 2022

Key steps in the synthesis of derivatives of the angucycline, tetrangulol include the use of a palladium catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction for the assembly of 2‐(1,4‐dimethoxy‐3‐(2‐methylprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐3‐methoxy‐5‐methylbenzaldehyde from 2‐iodo‐3‐methoxy‐5‐methylbenzaldehyde and 2‐(1,4‐dimethoxy‐3‐(2‐methylprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane. The biaryl product was then subjected to an iron‐catalyzed ring‐closing carbonyl‐olefin metathesis reaction to afford 1,7,12‐trimethoxy‐3‐methyltetraphene, which was oxidized to the corresponding quinone. Late stage oxidation of the quinone with Ru[Cl2(p‐cymene)]2 and an oxidant unexpectedly afforded the chlorinated compounds, 2,4‐dichloro‐11‐hydroxy‐1‐methoxy‐3‐methyltetraphene‐7,12‐dione and 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐hydroxy‐1‐methoxy‐3‐methyltetraphene‐7,12‐dione.
A novel design approach for indoor environmental quality based on a multiagent system for intelligent buildings in a smart city: Toward occupant's comfort
Authors: Verma Anurag , Prakash Surya , Kumar Anuj , Aghamohammadi Nasrin
Published: May 2022

In a smart city, energy usage for sustaining indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and occupant comfort levels frequently clash. This research aims to design a novel approach to solve the conflict between the use of power and the comfort of the citizens. A multi‐purpose problem for minimum consumption of energy as well as maximum occupant's ease within the energy‐efficient construction for smart city as a future has been formulated. Across suggested design method, three variable namely temperature (°C), illumination level (lux), as well as Carbon dioxide (CO2‐ppm) have been undertaken for occupant's comfort. The Crisscross Search Particle Swarm Optimization (CSPSO), a revolutionary solution for the design method, has been applied to search for the optimal value of environmental factors (temperature, light level, CO2) in relation to user‐set preferences. In the heuristic method, the augmented particle swarm optimization strategy updates an initial solution before updating the best local solutions through length and breadth crossover operators. The CSPSO approach search explores the search space in all dimensions and reduces the stagnation trouble by through length and breadth crossover operators. The temperature, lighting, CO2 sensors data, and user‐defined parameters are all inputs to the CSPSO algorithm, and the optimized parameters are the outputs of the optimization method. Such optimized parameters will become an input to the fuzzy controllers that adjust various actuators' status according to the users' comfort. Utilizing the CSPSO technique, 22.74% energy of 625.372 kWhr energy was saved during a day, and the comfort level has increased from 0.51692 to 0.75685. Therefore, the proposed novel design approach is acceptable in managing building energy consumption by achieving maximum comfort.
Preparation, characterization, and adsorption properties of modified carbon nanotubes for highly effective removal of tetracycline from aquaculture wastewater
Authors: Wu Shini , Yu Xiaocai , Zhang Yuqi , Liu Yifu , Yu Runqiang
Published: May 2022

In this study, the adsorption of the antibiotic compound tetracycline (TC) from aquaculture wastewater was investigated using lanthanum‐modified carbon nanotubes (La‐CNTs) prepared by impregnation method. The composition and morphology of La‐CNTs were characterized by EDS, XRD, and BET analysis. Single‐factor experiments were performed to investigate their effect on the adsorption of TC by La‐CNTs. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation adequately described the adsorption behavior of La‐CNTs. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity () was 93.46 mg/g. The thermodynamics studies indicated that adsorption of TC by La‐CNTs were endothermic and spontaneous respectively. Further, the adsorption force of La‐CNTs on TC could be attributed to van der Waals force, π–π adsorbate–adsorbent interaction and electrostatic interaction. Based on these experimental results, this novel composite material shows good potential application value for the removal of TC from aquaculture wastewater.
Activation of Fe species on graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes for efficient photocatalytic ammonia synthesis
Authors: Mo Zhao , Xu Keqiang , Yu Limin , Huang Tianyu , Song Yanhua , Yuan Junjie , Ding Cheng , Lei Yucheng , Li Huaming , Xu Hui
Published: May 2022

Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis, as a suitable alternative to traditional Haber‐Bosch artificial nitrogen reduction process, has aroused widespread interest. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has emerged as an attractive metal‐free photocatalyst, but its development in photocatalytic ammonia synthesis field is greatly shackled to the low photocatalytic activity. In this work, a highly active Fe‐doped tubular graphitic carbon nitride (Fe‐TCN) is reported, which demonstrates transformative performance on photosynthesis of NH3 from N2. Such excellent photocatalytic activity is derived from the incorporation of Fe species as the active sites to efficiently adsorb and activate N2 molecules on the surface of TCN. Simultaneously, surface‐active Fe species are also regarded as the trap sites of electrons, and the concentrated electrons at surface‐active Fe species can significantly improve the NH3 conversion efficiency. Impressively, Fe‐TCN realized a 9.5‐fold enhancement of NH3 production rate with the yield of 647 μmol g−1 h−1 (λ ≥ 420 nm), and the corresponding reaction pathways are also established.
The guideline for western blotting assay
Authors: Wang Fang , Yang Gaohong , Song Haizhao , Xiong Ling , Wang Luanfeng , Shen Xinchun
Published: May 2022

Western blotting is a technique for detecting protein developed based on protein electrophoresis separation and antigen‐antibody detection. It combines the high resolution of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the specificity of antigen‐antibody reaction. The basic principle is that the protein components are separated by electrophoresis, then the protein on the gel after electrophoresis is transferred to the carrier membrane, and the area of the carrier membrane where protein is not adsorbed is blocked by a blocking reagent. Finally, the specific expression level of protein is analyzed by immunological detection. It overcomes the disadvantages of direct immunological analysis on polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis greatly improves its resolution and sensitivity, and is widely used to detect the correctness of specific gene expression products or compare the relative variation of proteins’ expression.
The impact of high speed quoting on execution risk dynamics: Evidence from interest rate futures markets
Authors: Nie Jing , Malagon Juliana , Williams Julian
Published: May 2022

This paper intends to characterize the effect of high‐frequency quoting (HFQ) on the execution risk of Eurodollar futures. We construct a unique data set to capture the quoting and trading activities within the limit order book, which allows us to classify the realised fraction of HFQ activity within the market. We then estimate the marginal effect of the HFQ fraction on the execution risk through a novel semi‐parametric regression. The results suggest that the effect of HFQ on market quality is nonlinear with critical saturation levels. The HFQ effects on market quality seem to disappear once certain critical points are reached.
A novel deep learning‐based single shot multibox detector model for object detection in optical remote sensing images
Authors: Wang Liguo , Shoulin Yin , Alyami Hashem , Laghari Asif Ali , Rashid Mamoon , Almotiri Jasem , Alyamani Hasan J. , Alturise Fahad
Published: May 2022

Remote sensing image object detection is widely used in civil and military fields. The important task is to detect objects such as ships, planes, airports, harbours and so on, and then it can obtain object category and position information. It is of great significance to use remote sensing images to observe the densely arranged and directional targets such as cars and ships parked in parking lots and harbours. The object detection task mainly includes object localization and classification. Remote sensing images contain large number of small objects and dense scenes due to the long shooting distance and wide coverage. Small objects occupy few pixels in the image, and they are easily miss‐detected. In dense scenes, the overlapping part of each object is large, so it is easy to detect objects repeatedly. The traditional small object detection methods deliver low accuracy and take long time. Therefore, object detection is very challenging. We put forward a novel deep learning‐based single shot multibox detector (SSD) model for object detection. First, we propose an improved inception network to optimize SSD to strengthen the small object feature extraction ability (FEA) in the shallow network. Second, the feature pyramid network is modified to enhance the fusion effect. Third, the deep feature fusion module is designed to improve the FEA of the deep network. Finally, the extracted image features are matched with candidate boxes with different aspect ratios to perform object detection and location with different scales. Experiments on DOTA show that the proposed algorithm can adapt to the remote sensing object detection in different backgrounds, and effectively improve the detection effect of remote sensing objects in complex scenes.
Opportunities for intervention for alcohol and other drug use problems for men before prison: A qualitative study
Authors: Doyle Michael F. , Guthrie Jill , Butler Tony , Shakeshaft Anthony , Conigrave Katherine , Williams Megan
Published: May 2022

Research into opportunities for prevention including health promotion information about alcohol and other drugs (AoD) harms for people who go to prison is sparce. This is despite there being ample research reporting how much and how frequently AoD have been used by people who go to prison. This article describes results from a qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with 31 men in a Sydney prison, about where they first received health promotion information about AoD‐related harms and their first‐ever treatment episode. No participant reported receiving education on AoD harms or treatment support services in primary school or high school. Only one participant received their first treatment episode through a health service (in his case from a doctor) and none reported being screened for AoD use at a health service. Almost all (n = 27) participants had their first session with a trained AoD professional through the criminal justice system. Pro‐active screening in health services for AoD use disorders and referral to appropriate health services is needed.
Analysing infant data at the group‐ or individual‐level: The impact of measurement error on sophisticated analyses
Authors: Edgar Elizabeth V.
Published: May 2022

The article ‘Six solutions for more reliable infant research’ by Byers‐Heinlein et al. proposes six solutions to improve upon the reliability of infant research. The present commentary supports and expands upon the sixth solution, ‘Conduct more sophisticated analyses’. This commentary first focuses on group‐level, traditional analytic techniques that infant research has predominantly relied on over the last several decades. Details are provided to expand upon measurement errors in these types of analyses. The second focus is on individual‐level, more sophisticated statistical analyses, such as mixed‐effects models and structural equation modelling. Details are provided to expand upon how measurement error can impact these types of analyses. Throughout the commentary and in its conclusion, this commentary provides ways in which the other five solutions proposed can contribute to the sixth solution.
Impact of concomitant intrauterine adhesions on pregnancy outcomes and obstetric complications in women with a septate uterus
Authors: Shen Minghong , Duan Hua , Chang Yanan , Lin Qi , Chen Chao , Wang Sirui
Published: May 2022

Objective

To explore the impact of concomitant intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) on pregnancy outcomes and obstetric complications in women with a septate uterus.

Methods

This retrospective cohort included women with a septate uterus, with or without IUAs, between 2015 and 2019 in our hospital. The main outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate, live‐birth rate, and obstetric complications.

Results

A total of 336 women with a septate uterus—105 women (31.3%) with IUAs and 231 (68.7%) women without IUAs—were analyzed. The rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth among women with moderate‐to‐severe IUAs were significantly decreased compared with those among women without IUAs (69.9% vs. 76.6%, odds ratio [OR] 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–0.99, P = 0.046, and 57.0% vs. 67.1%, OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.95, P = 0.032, respectively). However, these rates were similar between women with mild IUAs and women without IUAs. Women with moderate‐to‐severe IUAs had a higher incidence of abnormal placentation than women with a septum only (13.2% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Concomitant moderate‐to‐severe IUAs significantly reduce the rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth and increase the risk of abnormal placentation in subsequent pregnancies in women with a septate uterus.
Perinatal outcomes and placental histology in small‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancies—A comparison of population‐based and universal growth charts
Authors: Ganer Herman Hadas , Keizman Alina Rechulski , Miremberg Hadas , Mizrachi Yossi , Dicker Tomer , Levy Michal , Schreiber Letizia , Kovo Michal
Published: May 2022

Objective

To assess obstetric, perinatal, and placental histologic findings in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates according to different growth charts.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of singleton deliveries from 2008 to 2019 were divided into SGA neonates according to the local population‐based chart, SGA according to universal standard growth charts (but appropriate for gestational age [AGA] according to local charts) and AGA deliveries according to both charts.

Results

A total of 626 local population SGA deliveries, 132 universal SGA and 468 AGA deliveries were compared. The local population SGA group had a significantly higher rate of preterm and cesarean deliveries. An adverse neonatal outcome occurred in 27.2% of the local population SGA group, 9.8% of the universal SGA group and 6.7% of the AGA group (P < 0.001). In the local population SGA group, placental weight was lower, birth weight to placental weight ratio was highest, and the rate of maternal malperfusion lesions was highest—55.4% versus 45.4% in the universal SGA group and 39.1% in the AGA group (P < 0.001). Villitis of unknown etiology was significantly more common and histologic chorioamnionitis was significantly less common in the local population SGA group.

Conclusions

Our findings support the use of a local population‐based growth chart for the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction.
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)‐Dependent Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Promotes Bone Anabolism Through CD8+ T Cell Wnt‐10b Production in Mice
Authors: Roser‐Page Susanne , Weiss Daiana , Vikulina Tatyana , Yu Mingcan , Pacifici Roberto , Weitzmann M. Neale
Published: May 2022

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors such as pentoxifylline (PTX) suppress cAMP degradation and promote cAMP‐dependent signal transduction. PDE inhibitors increase bone formation and bone mass in preclinical models and are used clinically to treat psoriatic arthritis by targeting inflammatory mediators including activated T cells. T cell activation requires two signals: antigen‐dependent CD3‐activation, which stimulates cAMP production; and CD28 co‐stimulation, which downregulates cAMP‐signaling, through PDE activation. PDE‐inhibitors consequently suppress T cell activation by disrupting CD28 co‐stimulation. Interestingly, we have reported that when CD8+ T cells are activated in the absence of CD28 co‐stimulation, they secrete Wnt‐10b, a bone anabolic Wnt ligand that promotes bone formation. In the present study, we investigated whether the bone anabolic activity of the PDE‐inhibitor PTX, has an immunocentric basis, involving Wnt‐10b production by CD8+ T cells. When wild‐type (WT) mice were administered PTX, biochemical markers of both bone resorption and formation were significantly increased, with net bone gain in the axial skeleton, as quantified by micro‐computed tomography (μCT). By contrast, PTX increased only bone resorption in T cell knockout (KO) mice, causing net bone loss. Reconstituting T cell–deficient mice with WT, but not Wnt‐10b knockout (KO) CD8+ T cells, rescued bone formation and prevented bone loss. To study the role of cAMP signaling in Wnt‐10b expression, reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and luciferase‐reporter assays were performed using primary T cells. PDE inhibitors intensified Wnt‐10b promoter activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) accumulation in CD3 and CD28 activated CD8+ T cells. In contrast, inhibiting the cAMP pathway mediators protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), suppressed Wnt‐10b expression by T cells activated in the absence of CD28 co‐stimulation. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a key role for Wnt‐10b production by CD8+ T cells in the bone anabolic response to PDE‐inhibitors and reveal competing T cell–independent pro‐resorptive properties of PTX, which dominate under T cell–deficient conditions. Selective targeting of CD8+ T cells by PDE inhibitors may be a beneficial approach for promoting bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Co‐digestion of food waste and sewage sludge using the combination of a thermal alkali pre‐treatment and a two‐stage anaerobic digestion system
Authors: Lee Wonbae , Mo Kyung , Park Chul , Kim Dokyun , Park Seyong , Lee Dongjin , Kwon Junhwa , Kim Moonil , Cui Fenghao
Published: May 2022

A thermal alkali pre‐treatment anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (T‐ADEPT) was developed by combining the thermal‐alkali pre‐treatment (TAP) with the anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) for the anaerobic co‐digestion of food waste (FW) and dewatered sewage sludge (SS). To improve the solubilization efficiency and methane yield, the optimal conditions for the TAP and ADEPT processes were identified. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) solubilization, volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction rate, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and methane yield all improved with our proposed process. The variations of the physical properties of the FW and SS mixtures confirm that the TAP process enhances the solubilization of organic matter. The methane yield of the T‐ADEPT process was 0.368 L CH4/g VSadded, which was approximately 1.4 and 1.2 times higher than the values for a conventional two‐stage anaerobic digestion (AD) process and an AD process with pre‐treatment, respectively. These results show that the application of TAP and ADEPT processes using granular sludge can be an effective approach for the anaerobic co‐digestion of FW and SS. The proposed technique is more tolerant of the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of toxic compounds compared with a conventional two‐stage AD system. Modifying a conventional anaerobic digester has the potential to deliver low hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and high organic loading rates (OLRs). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).