bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Periphyseon : son titre, son plan, ses remaniements
Authors: Jeauneau Édouard
Published: February 2013

Résumé Jeauneau examine le titre, le plan et les différentes étapes du développement du Periphyseon. Concernant le titre, toutes les langues modernes depuis Noack en 1884 utilisent De la division de la Nature. C’est là le titre qu’en 1681 – huit siècles après la mort de l’auteur – Thomas Gale imposa au dialogue érigénien. Ce titre est erroné, parce qu’il laisse entendre que le propos de Jean Scot est de traiter de la division de la nature, alors qu’il s’agit de traiter conjointement de la division de la nature et de sa réunification selon le schéma néoplatonicien de la procession et du retour. Mais l’argument majeur pour préférer Periphyseon à De diuisione Naturae est que Periphyseon est le titre que Jean Scot lui-même a voulu donner à son œuvre. Aucune coutume ne saurait prévaloir contre la volonté de l’auteur. Il est important aussi de ne pas éliminer, tant en latin que dans les langues modernes, la forme grecque Periphyseon, que l’auteur – peut-être pour évoquer le Periarchon d’Origène – a délibérément choisie de préférence à une forme latine. Les titres De Naturis, Sur les Natures, Sulle Nature dell’Universo, etc. sont donc à exclure. Pour ce qui est du plan, le Periphyseon étudie quatre formes ou espèces de nature. Ce plan s’inspire peut-être d’une division quadripartite des nombres d’origine néopythagoricienne. Quoi qu’il en soit, alors que le plan original du Periphyseon prévoyait quatre livres – un livre pour chacune des quatre espèces de nature –, les lenteurs de la discussion obligèrent Jean Scot à ajouter un cinquième livre. Dans les éditions anciennes du Periphyseon, le cinquième livre se termine par un long paragraphe, qui, de toute évidence, n’appartient plus au dialogue, mais constitue un post-scriptum adressé à Vulfad, un ami de Jean Scot, qui termina sa carrière comme archevêque de Bourges.
La forme dialogique dans le Periphyseon : recréer l'esprit
Authors: Kendig Elizabeth , Lamrani Lila
Published: February 2013

Résumé La forme dialogique, en l’occurrence l’échange entre le Nutritor et l’ Alumnus , constitue la caractéristique la plus évidente du Periphyseon d’Érigène, mais elle est curieusement considérée comme normale dans la plupart des discussions portant sur l’œuvre. Cet article examine la nature et la fonction des deux personnages du dialogue, ainsi que leur relation, en suggérant que le dialogue du Periphyseon pourrait en fait être un monologue intérieur dédoublé. L’examen des indices trouvés dans les livres IV et V met en évidence les différentes façons dont l’ Alumnus fonctionne comme un véhicule rhétorique qui donne l’impulsion à la spirale ascendante de la discussion. En plus de servir de modèle à l’auditoire cible du Periphyseon , le personnage de l’ Alumnus fournit une occasion pour le Nutritor – prétendument la voix supérieure de la dialectique – de développer ses arguments et de se convaincre pleinement, élevant ainsi la discussion à un niveau supérieur. Dans ce processus, les personnages de l’Alumnus et du Nutritor deviennent ensemble l’exemple incarné de l’un des points principaux de la philosophie idéaliste d’Érigène : dans un dialogue entre participants, lorsque l’un connaît ce que l’autre connaît, l’un est créé dans l’autre de manière ineffable, et ils forment une même connaissance.
Information, structure et forme dans la pensée de Raymond Ruyer
Authors: Chapouthier Georges
Published: February 2013

Résumé La conception épistémologique dualiste de Raymond Ruyer, où l’information n’est signifiante que par l’exercice d’une conscience relevant d’une autre dimension, a permis à l’auteur d’échapper à un dogme erroné dans ce domaine : celui qui voulait identifier information, ordre et néguentropie. Même si les conceptions philosophiques des scientifiques d’aujourd’hui, généralement matérialistes et monistes, sont différentes, leurs conséquences rejoignent les positions épistémologiques de Ruyer où information, structure, forme ou évolution des espèces ne peuvent être conçues selon un réductionnisme simpliste.
Y a-t-il des traditions de conversion ?
Authors: Blaquart Jean-Luc
Published: February 2013

La conversion, comprise par les modernes comme le changement religieux d’un individu, peut être replacée dans un cadre plus large où elle est commandée par les mouvements de la culture. L’utilisation de la notion de tradition de conversion attire l’attention sur cette voie de recherche.
La conversion sans la religion
Authors: Madelrieux Stéphane
Published: February 2013

Cet article vise à souligner l'aspect naturaliste de l'examen par William James de la notion de conversion, pour en montrer la valeur dans l'étude de l'expérience humaine bien au-delà des phénomènes considérés comme religieux, c'est-à-dire qui impliquent une position surnaturaliste ou des religions instituées. Bien que James lui-même organise son étude des conversions dans le souci de ménager une place à un tel surnaturalisme, il est possible, à la suite de Dewey, d'interpréter sa démarche de manière à montrer que c'est au contraire lorsqu'il est dissocié de la question du surnaturel que le concept de conversion acquiert sa plus grande pertinence pour l'étude de la nature humaine.
Basic Equations and Computing Procedures for Frailty Modeling of Carcinogenesis: Application to Pancreatic Cancer Data
Authors: Mdzinarishvili Tengiz , Sherman Simon
Published: February 2013

Modeling of cancer hazards at age t deals with a dichotomous population, a small part of which (the fraction at risk) will get cancer, while the other part will not. Therefore, we conditioned the hazard function, h( t), the probability density function (pdf), f( t), and the survival function, S( t), on frailty α in individuals. Assuming α has the Bernoulli distribution, we obtained equations relating the unconditional (population level) hazard function, hU( t), cumulative hazard function, HU( t), and overall cumulative hazard, H0, with the h( t), f( t), and S( t) for individuals from the fraction at risk. Computing procedures for estimating h( t), f( t), and S( t) were developed and used to ft the pancreatic cancer data collected by SEER9 registries from 1975 through 2004 with the Weibull pdf suggested by the Armitage-Doll model. The parameters of the obtained excellent fit suggest that age of pancreatic cancer presentation has a time shift about 17 years and five mutations are needed for pancreatic cells to become malignant.
Transport of Kynurenic Acid by Rat Organic Anion Transporters rOAT1 and rOAT3: Species Difference between Human and Rat in OAT1
Authors: Uwai Yuichi , Hara Hiroaki , Iwamoto Kikuo
Published: February 2013

A tryptophan catabolite, kynurenic acid, is involved in schizophrenia and uremia; there is little information on the mechanism of its disposition. Recently, our laboratory showed that kynurenic acid is a good substrate of human organic anion transporters hOAT1 and hOAT3. In this study, we performed uptake experiment using Xenopus laevis oocytes to characterize the transport of kynurenic acid by rat homologs of the transporters, rOAT1, and rOAT3. These transporters stimulated the uptake of kynurenic acid into oocytes, and transport by rOAT3 was marked. The Km values of the transport were estimated to be 8.46 μM for rOAT1 and 4.81 μM for rOAT3, and these values are comparable to their human homologs. The transport activity of kynurenic acid by rOAT1 was about one quarter of that of p-aminohippurate, although they were at the similar levels in hOAT1. A comparative experiment with hOAT1 was added in this study, showing that uptake amounts of kynurenic acid by hOAT1-expressing oocytes were 4 times greater than rOAT1-expressing oocytes. rOAT3 transported kynurenic acid as efficiently as estrone sulfate; this phenomenon was also observed in hOAT3. In conclusion, transport of kynurenic acid by rOAT1 and rOAT3 was shown. The characteristics of rOAT3 were similar to hOAT3, but low transport activity of kynurenic acid by rOAT1 was exhibited compared with hOAT1.
The impact of the Law on Strengthening the Security of Financial Relations on the value relevance of accounting information in Tunisian Stock Exchange
Authors: Ben Ayed Mohamed Rafik , Abaoub Ezzeddine
Published: February 2013

This paper empirically investigates the value relevance of accounting earnings measures in the emerging capital market of Tunisia. The issue is tested by estimating the regression of annual security returns on different earnings measures extracted from income statements. In Tunisia, firms prepare their financial statements in accordance with Tunisian Accounting Standards (TAS) which are inspired from International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Based on a sample of 389 firm years for firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period 1997-2008 and using pooled regressions, we find that accounting earnings measures are weakly related to security returns. However, we find that earnings before taxes has the higher explanatory power for stock returns. This is perhaps due to the fact that financial statements are often influenced by taxation rules (ROSC, 2006; section 42). Further, we find that cash flow from operations and Total accruals are not value relevant for valuation. We tested whether the value relevance of each measure of performance improved after the adoption in October 2005 of the Law on Strengthening the Security of Financial Relations (LSSFR). Consistent with prior US and other international findings, results show that the explanatory power and the magnitude of the slope coefficient of each measure increased when we take into account for the impact of this enactment. However, the increase is not statistically significant. This is perhaps due to the employed specification of the relation between security returns and accounting information.
The Association between Various Earnings and Cash Flow Measures of Firm Performance and Stock Returns: some Iranian evidence
Authors: Mazloom Ali , Azarberahman Alireza , Azarberahman Jalal
Published: February 2013

The main purpose of this research is the study of association between various measures of firm performance based on earnings and cash flows and stock returns. This research is an applied research, and its design is semi-empirical, which is done by the method of post-event (past information). The statistical population of the research includes all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), and its period is nine consecutive years, from 2003 to 2011. Simple and multiple regressions are applied in order to test the hypotheses. Results of the research represent that earning based measures are more related to stock returns than cash flow based measures. Furthermore, earning based measures depict the company performance better than cash flow measures in some companies with higher accruals. But in companies with lower accruals, the company performance cannot be depicted properly neither by earning based nor cash flow based measures.
Constructive Capitalization of Operating Leases in the Hong Kong Fast-Food Industry
Authors: Y. Tai Benjamin
Published: February 2013

The current study is undertaken to investigate the potential problems resulting from the proposed adoption of a new accounting standard concerning mandatory capitalization of all lease contracts.  In 2010, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a joint exposure draft (ED2010/9) on accounting for leases.  Under the new standard, lessees are required to capitalize all lease contracts as assets and liabilities.  The distinction between operating leases and capital (finance) leases will no longer exist.  The long-standing off-balance sheet treatment of operating leases will be prohibited.  After the adoption of the proposed standard, companies with significant operating leases are likely to experience an increase in assets, increase in liabilities, and decrease in equity, resulting in the deterioration of their return-on- assets and debt-to-equity ratios.  This research examines two large fast-food restaurant chains based in Hong Kong; and through constructive capitalization, demonstrates how the companies’ key financial ratios are negatively impacted if the new standard is implemented.  The results indicate that both the return-on-assets and debt-to-equity ratios of the two companies, under various discount rates assumptions, suffer serious deterioration when their operating leases are capitalized.
Path Dependence and the Authoritarian Regime in Traditional Chinese Culture: a Historical Institutionalism Framework of Analysis
Authors: Liu Xuanhui
Published: February 2013

The democratic situation in China is deeply influenced by the traditional culture. This article attempt to answer the question why there is no democracy in Chinese traditional culture from historical institutionalism perspective. Path dependence plays the vital role in this process. The starting point is set in Qin Dynasty. After that, the authoritarian regime has been strengthened from four aspects: the bureaucratic system, the Confucian theory, the imperial examination system, and rewards and punishing measures. These measures work from the institutions to people’s inner world. The authoritarian culture became the orthodox value in Chinese traditional culture. The authoritarian regime and traditional culture have been intertwined and strengthened each other. That is a process of path dependence from historical institutionalism perspective. This article shows us a framework of how to observe this process.
Variations in Soil Carbon Stocks with Texture and Previous Landuse in North-western NSW, Australia
Authors: Heywood Peter Frank , Turpin Simon
Published: February 2013

Australia’s land managers will need specific information about the best locations at which to sequester carbon if they are to take advantage of the recent Carbon Farming Initiative of the Australian Government under which carbon offsets can be created through sequestration of carbon in soil and trees. The literature indicates that soil texture and previous landuse are important determinants of soil carbon content. This paper describes the results of work to assess the current levels of soil carbon and the extent to which they vary with previous landuse and soil texture in the Namoi Catchment Management Authority in North West NSW, Australia. Soil samples were taken at 74 sites for determination of soil carbon concentration and stocks as well as soil texture and landuse in the last 10 years. There was wide variation between sites in soil carbon concentration and stocks which were greatest in those soils which had not been disturbed by cultivation and in soils with higher clay content. Thus, the greatest potential for carbon sequestration is in soils with the lowest carbon concentration, those which have been previously disturbed, and with higher clay content. Maintaining any increased carbon concentration will depend on minimizing disturbance, increased carbon input and minimizing loss of carbon through soil erosion. As these factors all vary significantly on a regional and landscape basis it will be important for land managers to have access to information which allows them to choose the sites at which potential for sequestration of soil carbon is greatest.
Optimal High-Order Method of Moment combined with NURBS for the scattering by a 2D cylinder.
Authors: Khairi R. , Coatanhay A. , Khenchaf A.
Published: February 2013

This paper deals with the High-Order Method of Moments (HO-MoM) combined with Non-Uniform Rational Basis Splines (NURBS) segments to evaluate the scattering by a 2D cylinder. The authors mainly focus upon the influence of the different parameters (polynomial basis, order, mesh length, curvature, polarization,...) and try to determine if a optimal choice exists or not for the convergence speed.
Novel antenna concepts via coordinate transformation
Authors: Tichit P.-H. , Burokur S. N. , Wu X. , Germain D. , De Lustrac A.
Published: February 2013

Coordinate transformation is an emerging field which offers a powerful and unprecedented ability to manipulate and control electromagnetic waves. Using this tool, we demonstrate the design of novel antenna concepts by tailoring their radiation properties. The wave manipulation is enabled through the use of engineered dispersive composite metamaterials that realize the space coordinate transformation. Three types of antennas are considered for design: a directive, a beam steerable and a quasi-isotropic one. Numerical simulations together with experimental measurements are performed in order to validate the coordinate transformation concept. Near-field cartography and far-field pattern measurements performed on a fabricated prototype agree qualitatively with Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. It is shown that a particular radiation pattern can be tailored at ease into a desired one by modifying the electromagnetic properties of the space around radiator. This idea opens the way to novel antenna design techniques for various application domains such as the aeronautical and transport fields.
Tunable Band‐to‐Band Tunneling and Conducting Path Transition in Local‐Control‐Gate Heterostructure Transistor
Authors: Yu Jingyao , Cho Hyeran , Kim Yeonsu , Kim Gyu‐Tae
Published: July 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material‐based heterostructures have exhibited great potential for building advanced architectures in novel logic devices. A local‐control‐gate (LCG) transistor based on MoTe2/MoS2 heterostructure is fabricated and analyzed, illustrating its tunable electrical characteristics and achieving band‐to‐band tunneling (BTBT) enhancement with an improved peak‐to‐valley current ratio (PVCR) value of 3.04. Compared to the basic dual‐gate tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) structure, adding LCG at the bottom not only isolates defect‐induced doping effects from the deposition of top gate dielectrics, but also paves the way for broader applications in multivalued logic and artificial intelligence. Aiming to further verify the operating mechanism of conducting path transition and electrical characteristic trends, commercial technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) is systematically employed assisted by density functional theory (DFT). So that the transition of conducting paths in the heterostructure channel including interlayer quantum effects can be visibly demonstrated while applying various voltages to the LCG. In summary, this work highlights the feasibility of a new LCG structure with tunable electrical characteristics and presents DFT‐assisted TCAD simulations for effective verifications.
Perovskite Grown in Gallium Nitride Nanowire Matrix for Stable and High‐Efficiency X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Kim Doyun , Yoo Dongha , Sheehan Chris , Jones Andrew , Williams Darrick , Yi Gyu‐Chul , Tu Qing , Yoo Jinkyoung , Nie Wanyi
Published: July 2024

High‐quality quasi‐2D perovskites in a GaN nano‐wire matrix are grown to build a 3D hetero‐structure for high‐performance X‐ray sensing. In the 3D hetero‐structure, GaN nano‐wire matrix serves as an n‐type charge collector that can rapidly extract carriers through the bulk film of the perovskite layer. Together with a p‐type top electrode, a p–i–n diode with the 3D hetero‐structure is built, that exhibits a rectified current–voltage characteristic. After analyzing the interface energy alignment, it is found that the fermi levels of the perovskite and GaN are aligned in the dark, and a quasi‐fermi level splits upon illumination, introducing a built‐in electrical field at the interface. As a result, strong photo‐induced current is observed from the diode without an external field. Finally, the 3D diode for X‐ray detection demonstration is used, revealing a sensitivity of 308.9 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 at an exceptionally low applied field of 0.125 V µm−1. The X‐ray‐induced signal from the 3D diode is stable after 155 cycles of X‐ray irradiation under a constant electric field. This demonstration informs a new 3D architecture for high‐performance X‐ray sensing, and it shows that GaN is a robust n‐type interface for perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Unveiling the Nanoarchitectonics of Interfacial Electronic Coupling in Atomically Thin 2D WO3/WSe2 Heterostructure for Sodium‐Ion Storage in Aqueous System
Authors: Shinde Pragati A. , Mahamiya Vikram , Safarkhani Moein , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Ishii Masaki , Ma Renzhi , Ghaferi Amal Al , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: July 2024

Aqueous sodium (Na+) ion storage systems face challenges due to sluggish adsorption and diffusion of Na+ ions with larger size, hindering their potential for stationary applications. This issue is addressed by evolving the interfacial electronic coupling in atomically thin 2D WO3/WSe2 heterostructure for efficient Na+ ion storage. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis elucidates the superior charge storage capability for the WO3/WSe2 heterostructure facilitated by the charge transfer from the WO3 – WSe2 (002). The charge transfer from the W‐5d and O‐2p orbitals of WO3 to the valence W‐5d and Se‐4p orbitals of the WSe2 (002) surface boosts the electronic conductivity. As a result, the WO3/WSe2 electrode demonstrates exceptional Na+ ion storage, with a specific capacitance of 378.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, excellent rate capability, and long‐lasting cycling durability. The full cell comprising WO3/WSe2 as the negative and MnSe/MnSe2 as the positive electrode achieved a peak energy density of 82.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1873.5 W kg−1, along with high rate capability and long‐cycle durability. Insights gained from this study pave the technique for the rational design and optimization of the interfacial electronic features in 2D heterostructures for next‐generation energy storage devices with enhanced performance and stability.
Quantitative Imaging of Magnesium Biodegradation by 3D X‐Ray Ptychography and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Akhmetshina Tatiana , Schäublin Robin E. , Rich Andrea M. , Berger Leopold , Zeng Peng , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Irene , Phillips Nicholas W. , Löffler Jörg F.
Published: July 2024

Magnesium‐based alloys are excellent materials for temporary medical implants, but understanding and controlling their corrosion performance is crucial. Most nanoscale corrosion studies focus on the surface, providing only 2D information. In contrast, macro‐ and microscale X‐ray tomography offers representative volume information, which is, however, comparatively low in resolution and rather qualitative. Here a new mesoscale approach overcomes these drawbacks and bridges the scale gap by combining 3D measurements using ptychographic X‐ray computed tomography (PXCT) with electron microscopy. This combination allows to observe the corrosion progress non‐destructively in 3D and provides high‐resolution chemical information on the corrosion products. A medical Mg–Zn–Ca alloy is used and compared the same sample in the pristine and corroded states. With PXCT an isotropic resolution of 85 and 123 nm is achieved for the pristine and corroded states respectively, which enables to distinguish nanoscale Mg2Ca precipitates from the matrix. The corroded state in best approximation to the in situ conditions is imaged and reveals the complexity of corrosion products. The results illustrate that the corrosion‐layer is dense and defect‐free, and the corrosion of the material is grain‐orientation sensitive. The developed workflow can advance research on bioactive materials and corrosion‐sensitive functional materials.
Accelerated Degradation of All‐Solid‐State Batteries Induced through Volumetric Occupation of the Carbon Additive in the Solid Electrolyte Domain
Authors: Kim Hyun‐seung , Park Sejin , Kang Sora , Jung Jae Yup , Kim KyungSu , Yu Ji‐Sang , Kim Dong‐Won , Lee Jong‐Won , Sun Yang‐Kook , Cho Woosuk
Published: July 2024

The accelerated oxidative degradation observed in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), particularly focusing on the argyrodite solid electrolyte in conjunction with Ni‐rich positive electrode surfaces is demonstrated. The formation of oxidative intermediates of the solid electrolyte oxidation process increases the amount of oxidation on the NCM surface with conductive carbon. The introduction of high‐weight‐composition conductive carbon additives results in a reduction of solid electrolytes within the positive electrode and the amount of solid electrolytes retained after formation. Consequently, cells with high concentrations of carbon additives demonstrate a decrease in both the cycle and power performances of ASSBs. The energy density of ASSBs is significantly limited by the fundamental failure mechanism induced by conductive carbon, particularly pronounced in cells with high active material contents. Consequently, this study provides pivotal insights for the design of high‐energy‐density ASSBs with NCM electrodes and high active material contents. To mitigate failure induced by high‐volumetric‐occupied carbon additives, carbon fiber‐type additives are further utilized to interconnect the NCMs by decreasing the occupation of the solid electrolyte domain by carbon. Morphological alteration of the carbon additive significantly improves the electrochemical performance of ASSBs by preventing the deterioration of the electrode structure even after prolonged cycling and suppressing electrolyte degradation.
Continuous‐Wave Organic Raman Microlaser Arrays for Laser Displays
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Liu Haidi , Zhang Tongjin , Wang Kang , Yao Jiannian , Dong Haiyun , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: July 2024

Microlaser arrays play important roles in a variety of cutting‐edge photonic applications. Organic Raman gain materials hold great promise to achieve continuous‐wave (c.w.) microlaser arrays toward compact laser displays. However, due to the high degrees of freedom of molecular self‐assembly, current organic microcrystal arrays suffer from random sizes and orientations, which goes against uniform Raman laser emission toward laser displays. Herein, a strongly constrained self‐assembly method is reported to synthesize homogeneous organic microcrystal arrays providing uniform full‐color c.w. Raman laser emission for laser displays. The strongly constrained self‐assembly method enables strict control of molecular self‐assembly, producing homogeneous organic microcrystal arrays. The single‐component microcrystal arrays support c.w. operation and uniform outputs of single‐mode blue, green, and red Raman lasing. The microcrystal Raman laser arrays exhibit excellent color expression and display capabilities. This work lays the foundation for developing c.w. organic microlaser arrays toward laser displays.
Operando Spectroscopic Investigation of the Valence Change Mechanism in La2NiO4+δ ‐Based Memristive Devices
Authors: Khuu Thoai‐Khanh , Koroleva Aleksandra , Moncasi Carlos , Stangl Alexander , Cooper David , Lefèvre Gauthier , Wilhelm Fabrice , Rogalev Andrei , Weber Matthieu , Jiménez Carmen , Burriel Mónica
Published: July 2024

Valence change memory devices, based on redox reactions and oxygen dynamics, are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of non‐volatile memory devices and neuromorphic architectures. Devices based on La2NiO4+δ have demonstrated analog resistive switching behavior, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. To get a profound understanding of the device's behavior, the employment of element‐selective techniques to provide direct information on oxygen migration is of paramount importance. In this work, TiN/La2NiO4+δ/Pt devices are studied using an original operando X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) methodology based on monitoring absorbance intensity changes at a fixed energy position which, in combination with in situ electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements, has provided valuable insights into the resistive switching mechanism. This approach allows to study the formation of the TiNxOy interlayer at the TiN/La2NiO4+δ interface and directly monitor oxygen migration between TiNxOy and La2NiO4+δ. An energy shift of the Ni K‐edge spectra is consistently measured during the device operation as it underwent cycling in both voltage polarities, thus confirming the pivotal role of the valence change mechanism in the resistive switching behavior of these devices. Furthermore, a switching model based on the coexistence of filamentary and interfacial switching is proposed.
Multi‐Effect Coupling Strategy Enables Efficient Charge Excitation and Transfer in Schottky Junction for Direct‐Current Generation
Authors: Yin Xin , Yang Yujue , Tan Di , Yang Qingjun , Lu Jian , Chen Yuejiao , Xu Bingang
Published: July 2024

Emerging tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG) technology, which can capture mechanical energy at dynamic semiconductor interfaces and generate instant direct current (DC) outputs, is considered promising to mitigate growing energy demand. However, the unsatisfactory charge excitation and extraction efficiency limit its electrical output stability and even practicability. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to synergistically modulate charge generation and transfer dynamics by integrating ferroelectric and photovoltaic effect with tribovoltaic effect, and thus a multi‐effect coupled Schottky TVNGs is, for the first time, developed. Research indicates that such coupling mechanism involving ferroelectric polarization, photoexcitation, and triboelectricity can allow TVNGs to jointly collect light and mechanical energy to excite more charges, and meanwhile, incorporation of strong electric fields can also be induced by controlled polarization to assist Schottky junction in modulating separation/extraction efficiencies of these charges. Ultimately, this multi‐effect coupled devices deliver impressive DC output of 7.3 V and 69.8 µA, outperforming similar coupled Schottky junction TVNGs. Besides that, its feasibility for multifunctional sensing and photodetection is also demonstrated. This study proposes an effective strategy for modulating performance while extending its functionality, which can expedite the development and potential application of advanced TVNGs.
Spatially refined salinity hazard analysis in gypsum‐affected irrigated soils
Authors: Brown Ansley J. , Andales Allan A. , Gates Timothy K.
Published: July 2024

The global extent of salt‐affected agricultural land, 20% of which is deemed gypsiferous, results in billions of dollars of annual economic loss, a serious problem deserving of attention. However, the analysis of gypsiferous saline soils, such as in the irrigated Lower Arkansas River Valley (LARV) of Colorado, can result in an inflated estimation of soil salinity when using the traditional soil saturated paste extract electrical conductivity (ECe), leading to inaccurate crop yield loss predictions and misguided decisions for remediation. Sparingly soluble gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) in these soils dissolves more readily during laboratory preparation of saturated paste extracts because of excess soil water dilution coupled with sample disturbance. We present a pragmatic linear‐regression approach to correct for this phenomenon, calibrated using two adapted methods for correcting ECe on an individual sample basis. The novel approach used electrical conductivity of pore water samples from saline fields to evaluate the accuracy of the correction methods. The approach was applied on soil samples from two surface‐irrigated, saline fields in the LARV, which were mapped using electromagnetic induction data and analysis of covariance linear regression, calibrated for ECe and ECe corrected for excess gypsum dissoultion (ECeg). Average ECeg values are as much as 26% lower than uncorrected ECe in gypsum‐biased portions of the fields. Estimation of corn salinity hazard in these gypsum‐affected areas using ECeg in lieu of ECe in a traditional yield response function generated mean relative yield values that are higher by up to 13 percentage points. We discuss lessons learned and suggest enhancements to the techniques.
A morphological and molecular approach to investigating infectious disease in early medieval Iberia: The necropolis of La Olmeda (Palencia, Spain)
Authors: Coppola Bove L. , Kirkpatrick C. L. , Vigil‐Escalera Guirado A. , Botella López M. C. , Bos K. I.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Here we investigate infectious diseases that potentially contribute to osteological lesions in individuals from the early medieval necropolis of La Olmeda (6th‐11th c. CE) in North Iberia.

Materials and methods

We studied a minimum number of 268 individuals (33 adult females; 38 adult males, 77 unknown/indeterminate sex; and 120 non‐adults), including articulated and commingled remains. Individuals with differential diagnoses suggesting chronic systemic infectious diseases were sampled and bioinformatically screened for ancient pathogen DNA.

Results

Five non‐adults (and no adults) presented skeletal evidence of chronic systemic infectious disease (1.87% of the population; 4.67% of non‐adults). The preferred diagnoses for these individuals included tuberculosis, brucellosis, and malaria. Ancient DNA fragments assigned to the malaria‐causing pathogen, Plasmodium spp., were identified in three of the five individuals. Observed pathology includes lesions generally consistent with malaria; however, additional lesions in two of the individuals may represent hitherto unknown variation in the skeletal manifestation of this disease or co‐infection with tuberculosis or brucellosis. Additionally, spondylolysis was observed in one individual with skeletal lesions suggestive of infectious disease.

Conclusions

This study sheds light on the pathological landscape in Iberia during a time of great social, demographic, and environmental change. Genetic evidence challenges the hypothesis that malaria was absent from early medieval Iberia and demonstrates the value of combining osteological and archaeogenetic methods. Additionally, all of the preferred infectious diagnoses for the individuals included in this study (malaria, tuberculosis, and brucellosis) could have contributed to the febrile cases described in historical sources from this time.
Regioselektive Oxidative Phenolkupplung durch eine Unspezifische Peroxygenase aus Ständerpilzen
Authors: Platz Lukas , Löhr Nikolai A. , Girkens Max P. , Eisen Frederic , Braun Konstantin , Fessner Nico , Bär Christian , Hüttel Wolfgang , Hoffmeister Dirk , Müller Michael
Published: July 2024

Bioaktive dimere (Prä‐)Anthrachinone sind in der Natur allgegenwärtig und kommen in Bakterien, Pilzen, Insekten und Pflanzen vor. Ihre Biosynthese durch oxidative Phenolkupplung (OPC) wird durch Cytochrom P450‐Enzyme, Peroxidasen oder Laccasen katalysiert. Während die Biokatalyse der OPC in Schimmelpilzen (Ascomycota) bekannt ist, sind die entsprechenden Enzyme in Ständerpilzen (Basidiomycota) noch unbekannt. Hier stellen wir die Biosynthese der Atropisomere Phlegmacin A1 und B1 aus dem Pilz Cortinarius odorifer vor. Die Biosynthese des unsymmetrisch 7,10‘‐homogekuppelten Dihydroanthracenons wurde im Schimmelpilz Aspergillus niger heterolog rekonstruiert. Die Methylierung des Monomers Atrochryson zum 6‐O‐Methylether Torosachryson durch die O‐Methyltransferase CoOMT1 geht der regioselektiven Homokupplung zu Phlegmacin voraus, welche durch das Enzym CoUPO1 katalysiert wird, die zu den als Unspezifische Peroxygenase (UPO) bezeichneten Enzymen Sequenzhomologie zeigt. Unsere Ergebnisse belegen eine noch unbeschriebene UPO‐Reaktion und erweitern damit das biokatalytische Portfolio der OPC über die zuvor bekannten Enzyme hinaus. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Basidiomycota Peroxygenasen nutzen, um Aryle selektiv zu kuppeln, und zwar unabhängig von und konvergent zu jeder anderen Organismengruppe, was die zentrale Rolle der OPC in der Naturstoffchemie unterstreicht.
Real‐time imaging of intracellular deformation dynamics in vibrated adherent cell cultures
Authors: Shiraishi Toshihiko , Sato Katsuya
Published: July 2024

Mechanical vibration has been shown to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of its cellular mechanotransduction remains unclear. Although the measurement of intracellular deformation dynamics under mechanical vibration could reveal more detailed mechanisms, corroborating experimental evidence is lacking due to technical difficulties. In this study, we aimed to propose a real‐time imaging method of intracellular structure deformation dynamics in vibrated adherent cell cultures and investigate whether organelles such as actin filaments connected to a nucleus and the nucleus itself show deformation under horizontal mechanical vibration. The proposed real‐time imaging was achieved by conducting vibration isolation and making design improvements to the experimental setup; using a high‐speed and high‐sensitivity camera with a global shutter; and reducing image blur using a stroboscope technique. Using our system, we successfully produced the first experimental report on the existence of the deformation of organelles connected to a nucleus and the nucleus itself under horizontal mechanical vibration. Furthermore, the intracellular deformation difference between HeLa and MC3T3‐E1 cells measured under horizontal mechanical vibration agrees with the prediction of their intracellular structure based on the mechanical vibration theory. These results provide new findings about the cellular mechanotransduction mechanism under mechanical vibration.
Current evidence supporting associations of DNA methylation measurements with survivorship burdens in cancer survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Sayer Michael , Ng Ding Quan , Chan Raymond , Kober Kord , Chan Alexandre
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Identifying reliable biomarkers that reflect cancer survivorship symptoms remains a challenge for researchers. DNA methylation (DNAm) measurements reflecting epigenetic changes caused by anti‐cancer therapy may provide needed insights. Given lack of consensus describing utilization of DNAm data to predict survivorship issues, a review evaluating the current landscape is warranted.

Objective

Provide an overview of current studies examining associations of DNAm with survivorship burdens in cancer survivors.

Methods

A literature review was conducted including studies if they focused on cohorts of cancer survivors, utilized peripheral blood cell DNAm data, and evaluated the associations of DNAm and survivorship issues.

Results

A total of 22 studies were identified, with majority focused on breast (n = 7) or childhood cancer (n = 9) survivors, and half studies included less than 100 patients (n = 11). Survivorship issues evaluated included those related to neurocognition (n = 5), psychiatric health (n = 3), general wellness (n = 9), chronic conditions (n = 5), and treatment specific toxicities (n = 4). Studies evaluated epigenetic age metrics (n = 10) and DNAm levels at individual CpG sites or regions (n = 12) for their associations with survivorship issues in cancer survivors along with relevant confounding factors. Significant associations of measured DNAm in the peripheral blood samples of cancer survivors and survivorship issues were identified.

Discussion/Conclusion

Studies utilizing epigenetic age metrics and differential methylation analysis demonstrated significant associations of DNAm measurements with survivorship burdens. Associations were observed encompassing diverse survivorship outcomes and timeframes relative to anti‐cancer therapy initiation. These findings underscore the potential of these measurements as useful biomarkers in survivorship care and research.
Klebsiella pneumoniae‐infected hemorrhagic ulcerative infantile hemangioma: A rare complication
Authors: Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Pourmahdi‐Boroujeni Mahsa , Alipour Narjes , Sattari Hossein , Pourmoghaddas Zahra
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Infections in infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are generally limited, and only few cases have been reported. The rapid expansion of an ulcerated IH should raise concern for possible complications to monitor and provide immediate therapeutic interventions. This case highlights the importance of prompt treatment in large segmental IHs to prevent ulceration and related complications, including bleeding and superinfection.

IH is a benign tumor proliferating during early infancy. While many IHs spontaneously resolve, complications like ulceration, bleeding, and potential damage to vital organs can occur, leading to pain, infection, and scarring. A 6‐month‐old girl with a previously treated IH on her left leg developed a Klebsiella‐infected ulcer at the site. The ulcer resulted from non‐standard treatments used before admission. Upon hospitalization, she was initially treated with cefepime and propranolol, but a week later, the wound culture revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae, prompting a switch to piperacillin/tazobactam. After successfully managing the infection and bleeding, the child was discharged in good condition with orders to continue treatment with propranolol for at least a year. This case highlights the potential of IHs to become infected even with uncommon germs such as Klebsiella and the importance of receiving appropriate medical care to prevent further complications.
Expanding the Role of Chiral Drugs and Chiral Nanomaterials as a Potential Therapeutic Tool
Authors: Satapathy Sourabh , Kumar Shivam , Kurmi Balak Das , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Patel Preeti
Published: July 2024

Chirality, the property of molecules having mirror‐image forms, plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical and biomedical research. This review highlights its growing importance, emphasizing how chiral drugs and nanomaterials impact drug effectiveness, safety, and diagnostics. Chiral molecules serve as precise diagnostic tools, aiding in accurate disease detection through unique biomolecule interactions. The article extensively covers chiral drug applications in treating cardiovascular diseases, CNS disorders, local anesthesia, anti‐inflammatories, antimicrobials, and anticancer drugs. Additionally, it explores the emerging field of chiral nanomaterials, highlighting their suitability for biomedical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics, enhancing medical treatments.
Auswirkungen der Energiewende auf die Stromnetze
Authors: Siebels Carsten
Published: July 2024

Die Energiewende in Deutschland erfordert in den nächsten zwanzig Jahren neben einer Vielzahl neuer Wind‐ und Solaranlagen die Umstellung der Wärmeversorgung und des Verkehrs auf elektrische Energie. Hinzu kommt ein hoher Strombedarf für Elektrolyseanlagen zur Herstellung von Wasserstoff. Die dafür erforderliche Ausbauplanung des Übertragungsnetzes erfolgt heute ohne Bewertung von Wirtschaftlichkeit und Belastung der Landschaft. Es wird als Alternative zum überdimensioniert geplanten Ausbau des Übertragungsnetzes vorgeschlagen, ein zweites Strommarktgebiet in Deutschland zu schaffen.
Excitatory Projections of Wide Field Collicular Neurons to the Nucleus of the Optic Tract in the Rat
Authors: Tzanou Athanasia , Theodorou Eirini , Mantas Ioannis , Dalezios Yannis
Published: July 2024

The superficial layers of the mammalian superior colliculus (SC) contain neurons that are generally responsive to visual stimuli but can differ considerably in morphology and response properties. To elucidate the structure and function of these neurons, we combined extracellular recording and juxtacellular labeling, detailed anatomical reconstruction, and ultrastructural analysis of the synaptic contacts of labeled neurons, using transmission electron microscopy. Our labeled neurons project to different brainstem nuclei. Of particular importance are neurons that fit the morphological criteria of the wide field (WF) neurons and whose dendrites are horizontally oriented. They display a rather characteristic axonal projection pattern to the nucleus of optic tract (NOT); thus, we call them superior collicular WF projecting to the NOT (SCWFNOT) neurons. We corroborated the morphological characterization of this neuronal type as a distinct neuronal class with the help of unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Our ultrastructural data demonstrate that SCWFNOT neurons establish excitatory connections with their targets in the NOT. Although, in rodents, the literature about the WF neurons has focused on their extensive projection to the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, as a conduit for information to reach the visual association areas of the cortex, our data suggest that this subclass of WF neurons may participate in the optokinetic nystagmus.
Where Do Core Thalamocortical Axons Terminate in Mammalian Neocortex When There Is No Cytoarchitecturally Distinct Layer 4?
Authors: Bhagwandin Adhil , Molnár Zoltán , Bertelsen Mads F. , Karlsson Karl Æ. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , Bennett Nigel C. , Hof Patrick R. , Kaswera‐Kyamakya Consolate , Gilissen Emmanuel , Jayakumar Jaikishan , Manger Paul R.
Published: July 2024

Although the mammalian cerebral cortex is most often described as a hexalaminar structure, there are cortical areas (primary motor cortex) and species (elephants, cetaceans, and hippopotami), where a cytoarchitecturally indistinct, or absent, layer 4 is noted. Thalamocortical projections from the core, or first order, thalamic system terminate primarily in layers 4/inner 3. We explored the termination sites of core thalamocortical projections in cortical areas and in species where there is no cytoarchitecturally distinct layer 4 using the immunolocalization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2, a known marker of core thalamocortical axon terminals, in 31 mammal species spanning the eutherian radiation. Several variations from the canonical cortical column outline of layer 4 and core thalamocortical inputs were noted. In shrews/microchiropterans, layer 4 was present, but many core thalamocortical projections terminated in layer 1 in addition to layers 4 and inner 3. In primate primary visual cortex, the sublaminated layer 4 was associated with a specialized core thalamocortical projection pattern. In primate primary motor cortex, no cytoarchitecturally distinct layer 4 was evident and the core thalamocortical projections terminated throughout layer 3. In the African elephant, cetaceans, and river hippopotamus, no cytoarchitecturally distinct layer 4 was observed and core thalamocortical projections terminated primarily in inner layer 3 and less densely in outer layer 3. These findings are contextualized in terms of cortical processing, perception, and the evolutionary trajectory leading to an indistinct or absent cortical layer 4.
Interplay of national and firm environmental, social, and governance performances: Reshaping multinational enterprises' employer attractiveness across home and host countries
Authors: Kuo Anthony , Chien Donna , Kao Ming‐Sung
Published: July 2024

In this study, we emphasize the pivotal role of national environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, encompassing both host and home countries, in shaping the implications of firm‐specific ESG performance for the attractiveness of multinational enterprises (MNEs) as preferred employers. Our research puts forth three hypotheses. First, we propose that superior ESG performance by MNEs will exhibit a positive relationship with their perceived appeal as employers. Second, we theorize that higher national ESG performance in the home country will amplify the positive relationship between an MNE's ESG performance and its attractiveness as an employer. Lastly, we posit that superior national ESG performance in the host country will similarly strengthen the positive association between an MNE's ESG performance and its desirability as an employer. The empirical data robustly supports these hypotheses.