bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Morphine from Biological Samples by Hydrolysis and Solvent Extraction
Authors: Predmore DB , Christian GD , Loomis TA
Published: July 2015

Quantitative recovery of drugs from biological samples is important when a response is to be related to the amount of drug present in a tissue sample. Morphine is one drug of interest in this regard because of its widespread use and its chemical peculiarities. Its relatively low dosage, amphoteric nature, and metabolism to a water-soluble product, 3-morphine monoglucuronide [1,2], make morphine relatively difficult to analyze in biological samples. Most quantitative analytical schemes of analysis require that the glucuronide be cleaved to free morphine for extraction into an organic solvent. Acid hydrolysis [3] and enzymatic cleavage [4] are the most popular methods for freeing the morphine. We report here a study of the recoveries of radioactively tagged morphine from biological samples of morphine-treated dogs by using hydrolysis and solvent extraction. It is possible to recover more than 90% of the morphine contained in a sample with acid hydrolysis and about 80% with enzymatic cleavage.
Drug Analyses of Skeletonizing Remains
Authors: Noguchi TT , Nakamura GR , Griesemer EC
Published: July 2015

A 47-year old white female was reported missing by her family after an argument with her husband and son. The arguments were of long and continuing nature with sharp differences as to the use of real properties. Her body was discovered by the family dog eight months later in a desolate area on the family ranch on the slope of a hill.
Postmortem Intravascular Bubbling: A Decompression Artifact?
Authors: Brown CD , Kime W , Sherrer EL
Published: July 2015

Rapid advances in diving technology over the past decade have opened the underwater world to thousands of professional and sport divers. As may be expected with any activity involving an element of risk, the number of diving-related accidents and deaths has also risen [1–3]. Unfortunately, at the present time too few physicians and pathologists have been adequately trained in the investigation of deaths occurring during diving activities.
Bilateral Linear Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in a Trauma Patient
Authors: Rothouse LS , Sayers RJ
Published: July 2015

Subconjunctival hemorrhage may be associated with many forms of trauma including Valsalva's maneuvers induced by heavy lifting, straining at stool, vomiting, and coughing. It may also occur from innocuous minor trauma associated with merely rubbing the eye, or it may be associated with sudden venous congestion of the head. The accumulation of blood beneath the conjunctiva may also occur secondary to blunt trauma or blast injury [1–3]. This case report represents an incident of an extremely unusual manifestation of subconjunctival hemorrhage associated with a gunshot wound to the chest.
Frequency Distribution and Discrimination Probability of Twelve Protein Genetic Variants in Human Blood as Functions of Race, Sex, and Age
Authors: Grunbaum BW , Selvin S , Pace N , Black DM
Published: July 2015

The identification of large numbers of genetic variants for antigens, enzymes, and other proteins, combined with knowledge of their frequencies of occurrence in the population, enhances the ability to detect the individuality of a given blood specimen. Furthermore, the greater the number of variant protein systems considered, the greater is the likelihood of discriminating between individuals. As new techniques become available, forensic scientists will have increasing need for statistical data to use in attempting to establish the individuality of a blood specimen.
A Rapid Method for Blood Alcohol Determination by Headspace Analysis Using an Electrochemical Detector
Authors: Jones AW
Published: July 2015

The introduction of electrochemical sensors for the detection and analysis of volatile substances, in particular low concentrations of ethyl alcohol in the vapor phase, has led to the development of a range of breath alcohol instruments based on this principle [1]. The Alcolmeter Evidential Device is a breath-testing instrument that aspirates a sample of breath or vapor into an electrochemical cell for quantitative oxidation of ethanol [2]. The same device could well be used for headspace analysis of ethanol in biological materials, enabling rapid, on-the-spot screening of samples and even quantitative blood alcohol determinations.
Identification of Benzodiazepins by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Bass VC
Published: July 2015

The Raman effect, first reported nearly 50 years ago, was of greater interest theoretically than practically until recent years. The comparative inefficiency of mercury vapor lamps for stimulating the Raman effect, and the corresponding necessity for large quantities of sample, precluded any general interest in the use of this technique in the laboratory. Recently, the availability of high-powered lasers for light sources and the increased sophistication of spectrophotometric instrumentation have stimulated new interest in Raman spectroscopy. A large body of literature has evolved, relating chiefly to the elucidation of molecular structure [1–3]. Thus Raman spectra can extend and complement the type of structural information available from infrared spectroscopy. However, infrared spectra have also long been used in the forensic laboratory to identify organic compounds such as drugs on a “fingerprint” basis with little or no assignment of bands to specific portions of a molecule. In the same way, a Raman spectrum is unique for a particular compound and thus provides positive identification of that compound.
A Review of Gradwohl's Legal Medicine
Authors: Brady WJ
Published: July 2015

Until an auto becomes a safety or financial hazard, most people are reluctant to trade for a new model unless the change offers significant differences and benefits. A review of Gradwohl's Legal Medicine similarly must address two questions: (1) the value of the original and (2) the merits of purchasing the new third edition.
The Screening and Quantitation of Diazepam, Flurazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, and Their Metabolites in Blood and Plasma by Electron-Capture Gas Chromatography and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Peat MA , Kopjak L
Published: July 2015

The number and frequency of requests made to toxicologists to analyze blood or plasma samples for benzodiazepines are increasing dramatically, but until recently specific and sensitive procedures were unavailable to meet the demand. Gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection has become the analytical method of choice for these drugs because it meets the necessary sensitivity requirements. Prior to the development of this method the available analytical procedures depended on acid hydrolysis of the benzodiazepines to their corresponding benzophenones [1] followed by gas-liquid or thin-layer chromatography. Unfortunately, hydrolysis of several of the benzodiazepines results in the formation of the same benzophenone [2,3] so that the individual parent drugs cannot be readily identified.
Fatal Intoxication from 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Authors: Poklis A , Mackell MA , Drake WK
Published: July 2015

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant chemically and pharmacologically related to amphetamine and mescaline [1–3] (Fig. 1). The phenylisopropylamine portion of the molecule gives MDA marked sympathomimetic activity similar to amphetamine demonstrated by peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, and effects on other smooth muscles. The CNS stimulatory effects of MDA also mimic those of amphetamine, and at high doses convulsions, hyperthermia, and behavioral changes may occur [4]. The 3,4-methyleneoxy group on the phenyl portion of the molecule gives MDA psychopharmacological properties similar to those of mescaline. At an apparent threshold dose of 80 mg, MDA causes marked perceptional distortions that begin approximately 60 min after oral ingestion and last up to 8 h [5]. Subjective effects include intensification of feelings, a facilitation of self-insight, and an overwhelming desire to communicate and relate to other people [6]. At high doses, hallucinations may appear.
The Extraction of Dyestuffs from Single Wool Fibers
Authors: Macrae R , Smalldon KW
Published: July 2015

The most important techniques of those currently used in Home Office forensic science laboratories for the analysis of fiber dyestuffs are thin-layer chromatography and visible absorption spectroscopy of dye solutions. To obtain useful discrimination 20 to 50 ng of each dye component must be extracted. In most fiber examinations the recovered fibers are between 2 and 10 mm in length and contain between 2 and 200 ng of dye, depending on the depth of dyeing. Consequently, dye extraction must be efficient if the techniques are to be applied in a reasonable proportion of cases involving fiber comparisons. This paper is concerned with the extraction of dyes from wool fibers.
Thermomechanical Examination of Fabric Composed of Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Martinelli MR , Mayer SW , Jones PF
Published: July 2015

As the variety of synthetic fibers increases and their use continues to grow the forensic scientist is faced more and more with the problem of identifying them. The work is generally difficult because the available clue samples are usually very small. Fibers found in car headlights after a hit-and-run injury to a pedestrian or under fingernails after a violent crime may consist of only a single filament not more than 1 cm long. Such clues do not provide adequate amounts of material for standard microchemical analysis methods. Moreover, the chemical compositions are very similar within a given class of fibers, such as the nylons, although the fibers within that class frequently differ in mechanical properties as a result of intentional modifications of the fiber-manufacturing processes [1,2]. Consequently, infrared spectrophotometry and pyrolysis gas chromatography produce similar spectra from various nylons, although the nylons differ in mechanical properties.
The Evidential Value of Automobile Paint Chips
Authors: Ryland SG , Kopec RJ
Published: July 2015

Automotive paint technology has been in a state of constant change over the past 15 years. Along with this change in technology has come a new challenge for the criminalist. With the courts relying more on physical evidence, a thorough and accurate explanation of the value of class evidence is necessary. It is the forensic scientist's responsibility not only to report his laboratory findings, but also to assess the probative meaning of those results.
Sudden Coronary Deaths Associated with Sexual Activity
Authors: Malik MOA
Published: July 2015

Reports on sudden cardiac deaths associated with sexual activity have been few and far between. It was thus thought worthwhile to record the following two cases and review the subject.
The Organization and Responsibilities of the Italian Judicial Police
Authors: Pisano VS
Published: July 2015

In consonance with legal terminology, Italian police manuals classify the police as the Public Force and proceed to consider it from the perspective of its technical functions: security police, administrative police, judicial police, and confinement police [1]. The first two functions fall under the purview of the pertinent executive departments of the government and the last two are subject to the jurisdiction of the judicial branch.
A Review of Homicide Investigation
Authors: Hirsch CS
Published: July 2015

Review of the third edition of a popular book entails two separate tasks, one objective and the second subjective. Objectively, how does the new edition differ from its immediate predecessor? Subjectively, what does the reviewer think of the content, regardless of the edition number?
Particle Analysis for the Detection of Gunshot Residue. II: Occupational and Environmental Particles
Authors: Wolten GM , Nesbitt RS , Calloway AR , Loper GL
Published: July 2015

The first paper in this series [1] described the application of particle analysis to the identification of gunshot residue. In the course of developing this application, gunshot residue was identified in each of several hundred samples collected. In many instances, the nonfiring hand was sampled as a control, or “handblank” samples were taken from persons who had not fired a gun [2]. Some of these many tests were performed “blind,” that is, without prior knowledge by the analyst of the nature of the sample. No false positives were obtained from nonfiring samples. Nevertheless, it was thought that better proof of the uniqueness of gunshot residue particles was required and that an investigation should be made of the possibility that particles in the natural environment or particles produced by man could closely resemble gunshot residue.
Accidental Death by Light Anti-Tank Weapon: A Dangerous Autopsy?
Authors: Spencer CDRJD
Published: July 2015

Pathologists rarelv encounter a personally dangerous autopsy. Recently, I performed an autopsy on an individual who died after being struck by a projectile that was part of a light anti-tank weapon. The projectile remained embedded in the body but did not explode. Initially, there was considerable concern that the projectile was still “live,” that is, capable of exploding at any time. Special problems presented by the autopsy will be reviewed. Finally, recommendations for similar cases will be made.
Identification of Some Synthetic Fibers by Their Birefringence
Authors: Johri MC , Jatar DP
Published: July 2015

Methods for differentiating or identifying various fibers have been worked out in detail by the Textile Institute, Manchester [1]. Heyn [2,3] has suggested that refractive index and birefringence may prove useful in differentiating synthetic fibers; however, most of the work reported in the literature deals with differentiating one type of fiber from another. for fibers of only one type, presumed to be identical in chemical composition, only average values are given. Because all types of synthetic fibers except glass and Vinyon HH® are more or less birefringent, work was undertaken to investigate the significance, if any, of this property. Further, no data on fibers of Indian manufacture are available in the literature. The present paper reports the results of these studies on seven samples of Terene® (polyester) fibers manufactured by four factories in India.
A Review of Paternity Testing
Authors: Taylor HL
Published: July 2015

This book consists of an introduction and six monographs that were presented in a seminar at the annual meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks in November 1978. It includes a logical series of topics concerning immunohematology as it relates to judicial concerns by some of the best recognized and respected workers in this area of the forensic sciences. Appropriately, this publication is dedicated by Dr. Sussman to the late Dr. Alexander Wiener. Both have been innovators in the field of the application of immunohematology to jurisprudence. The latter initiated paternity testing in the civil courts of the United States in the 1930s.
Detection of Drugs Using XAD-2 Resin. II: Analysis of Liver in Medical Examiner's Cases
Authors: Stajić M , Caplan YH , Backer RC
Published: July 2015

Toxic agents tend to accumulate in body tissues as a result of the chemical nature of the substance and the biological composition and function of the tissue. Since liver is the primary site for biotransformation, drugs tend to concentrate there in quantities generally greater than those found in blood or other body compartments [1–8]. Because of its dynamic nature and the availability of sizable quantities as a result of medicolegal autopsies, liver has become an important component of a comprehensive toxicologic investigation. Classical liquid-liquid extraction techniques [9–17] for the isolation of drugs from liver are time-consuming and cumbersome, require large quantities of both tissue and organic solvents, are often limited in the scope of compounds detected, and are not easily adaptable to the simultaneous processing of a large number of samples. Amberlite® XAD-2, a nonionic polystyrene divinylbenzene resin, has been recently applied with success as a general adsorbent for the extraction of drugs from urine [18–28] and to a more limited extent from other specimens [29–34]. Preliminary studies concerning choice of resin, column and chromatographic conditions, recovery, and other studies have been reported [35]. This paper will discuss the application of XAD-2 resin techniques to the comprehensive analysis of liver for drugs.
Sudden Death and Sepsis After Splenectomy
Authors: Reay DT , Nakonechny D
Published: July 2015

There have been a number of case reports dealing with pneumococcal infections after splenectomy [1,2]. Early reports emphasized that fatal infections occurred in patients with a basic underlying serious disease process that involved primarily the reticuloendothelial system such as in diffuse cancer or lymphoma, histiocytosis, sickle cell anemia, and extensive hemosiderosis [3]. It was generally believed that splenectomy done for trauma imparted no greater risk to infection than a simple appendectomy [4], Since that time, follow-up studies have shown that asplenic patients are at risk from overwhelming sepsis regardless of the reason for the removal of the spleen [5].
Increased Safety and Specificity in the Thin-Layer Chromatographic Identification of Marihuana
Authors: Hughes RB , Kessler RR
Published: July 2015

An in-depth study of alleged false positives in the chemical identification of marihuana has previously been reported [1]. Subsequent to publication of that paper, two health and safety considerations have come to our attention. Fast Blue B (3,3′-dimethoxybiphenyl 4,4′-bisdiazonium chloride) is suspected of being carcinogenic [2] because of the presence of unreacted amines, which are known carcinogens [3]. More importantly, benzene, which is the major component in the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) system [1], has now been conclusively established as a carcinogen. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has issued an emergency temporary standard because a grave danger exists for workers exposed to benzene. Because of the danger and stringent regulations [4] it was decided to discontinue the use of benzene.
Particle Analysis for the Detection of Gunshot Residue. III: The Case Record
Authors: Wolten GM , Nesbitt RS , Calloway AR
Published: July 2015

The final step in the development of the particle analysis method for gunshot residue detection was a program of case assistance for law enforcement agencies, carried out during the first nine months of 1977.
Criminalistics—A Look Back at the 1970s, a Look Ahead to the 1980s
Authors: Saferstein R
Published: July 2015

It would be an overt act of omission to permit this decade to expire without reflection on its impact on criminalistics in the United States. Its influences were profound. No prior comparable period matched the growth and maturation of our profession during this decade. In the short span of ten years criminalistics, at first a stepchild of the analytical sciences, grew to achieve full acceptance as a legitimate discipline of applied science. In retrospect, this progress was long overdue considering that criminalistics entered the 1970s not as a new phenomenon but as one that had been in existence for nearly 60 years. Given the political and economic climate of the 1970s, anything less than the unpreceden:ed growth experienced would have warranted a severe condemnation of its professional community.
Family Therapy: Its Role in the Prevention of Criminality
Authors: Feldman HS
Published: July 2015

The family imprints its members with selfhood in all cultures. Absence of family imprints can result in the development of deviant childhood behavior and loss of identity. In two black racial groups in dissimilar world areas and sampling (Kenya, Africa and Newark, N.J.), five familial determinants interfered with the development of culturally accepted family imprints and led to deviant and criminal behavior. It is suggested that if these deterrents, namely poverty, lack of family authority figures, rejection of the individual child, absence of family cohesiveness, and loss of individual identity within the family, were altered in their development by family therapy techniques, then criminal and deviant behavior would be decreased.
Current Trends in the Abuse of Pentazocine and Tripelennamine: The Metropolitan St. Louis Experience
Authors: Poklis A , Whyatt PL
Published: July 2015

A discussion of the intravenous use by narcotic addicts in metropolitan St. Louis of a combination of pentazocine and tripelennamine, known as “T's and blues,” is presented. The folklore and ritual of “T's and blues” use were gleaned from interviews with addicts. The cause of, possible adverse reactions to, and medical examiners' experience with this new mode of drug abuse are discussed. Pharmacology relative to the abuse of pentazocine and tripelennamine is reviewed.
Electrophoretic Identification of Felt Tip Pen Inks
Authors: Moon HW
Published: July 2015

Three techniques for the identification of felt tip pen inks by electrophoresis are described. Different solvents for extracting the ink to be tested are suggested. Ten different felt tip pen inks were used. While it was found more equipment, more chemicals, and a larger amount of the sample ink are necessary for electrophoresis than for some other processes of ink identification, electrophoresis is effective.
Simultaneous Determination of Carboxyhemoglobin and Methemoglobin in Victims of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Katsumata Y , Aoki M , Oya M , Suzuki O , Yada S
Published: July 2015

Concentrations of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) were simultaneously determined in blood samples from the victims of city gas poisoning, fires, and exhaust fumes poisoning. All the samples contained high concentrations of HbCO, although the concentrations for victims of city gas poisoning were significantly higher than those for victims of fires or exhaust fumes poisoning. Only negligible amounts of Met-Hb were detected in the samples from cases of city gas poisoning, while 4.9 to 31.6% of Met-Hb were found in all but one (1.8%) of the samples of the other two causes. Heat denaturation was considered to be the main cause of Met-Hb production in cases of fires, and inhalation of oxides of nitrogen in cases of exhaust fumes poisoning.
Examination of Automobile Rubber Bumper Guards by Synchronous Excitation Spectrofluorometry
Authors: Blackledge RD
Published: July 2015

Automobile rubber bumper guard material may be of evidentiary value in hit-and-run accident investigations. Fifty-six automobile rubber bumper guard samples were examined by synchronous excitation spectrofluorometry using a dichloromethane solvent. During sample preparation, additional discrimination was possible by observing the relative densities of the different samples in dichloromethane. The 16 samples that were not uniquely distinguished by this combination were further examined by gas-liquid chromatography.
Bite Mark Evidence: A Case Report Using Accepted and New Techniques
Authors: Glass RT , Andrews EE , Jones K
Published: July 2015

A case report of murder involving bite marks on the victim is presented. The bite mark examination procedures are outlined. Microbiologic and histologic/histochemical techniques are used to further delineate the nature of the bite marks and to aid in the identification of the murderer. Preparation and presentation of evidence are discussed.
“Foreshoring”: Characteristics of Shored Entry Wounds and Corresponding Wounds with Shoring Material as an Intermediate Target
Authors: Dixon DS
Published: July 2015

Just as an exit wound can be shored by firm material pressed against the skin, so can an entry wound. The configuration of supported entrance wounds is examined in relation to type of shoring material and weapon caliber, by using anesthetized pigs. Corresponding wounds with the same shoring materials used as intermediate targets are also studied.
Examination of Toolmarks from Sequentially Manufactured Tongue-and-Groove Pliers
Authors: Cassidy FH
Published: July 2015

Tongue-and-groove pliers are often used in burglaries to twist off doorknobs (to gain entrance) and it was deemed necessary to determine if new, sequentially manufactured pliers would each produce similar toolmarks that would be indistinguishable. Evaluation of the toolmarks from three sets of sequentially broached Craftsman® pliers, together with an analysis of the manufacturing processes, verified that individual and not repetitive structural characteristics are generated.
Concern for the Quality of Life and Future Importance of the Forensic Sciences (The Living and Working Environment)
Authors: Gantner GE
Published: July 2015

The quality of life concerns the well-being of man and his environment. The disciplines that are an essential part of the professional activities of the forensic scientist ideally suit him to address and to find solutions for the many serious and contradictory problems facing man and his ever more complicated environment.
The Comparison of Alcohol Concentrations in Postmortem Fluids and Tissues
Authors: Backer RC , Pisano RV , Sopher IM
Published: July 2015

Fluid-tissue/blood alcohol ratios were calculated for a number of cases. The use of such factors to determine the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) becomes important when a blood specimen is not available or is contaminated. It was shown that estimates of blood alcohol concentrations derived from other physiological fluids or tissues can only be expressed as lying within a wide concentration range. Estimations of the BAC can be improved by using the stomach alcohol concentrations to determine if the deceased was in an absorption or postabsorption phase at the time of death.
Fatal Water Intoxication in a Case of Psychogenic Polydipsia
Authors: DiMaio VJM , DiMaio SJ
Published: July 2015

The term “water intoxication” is used to describe a condition of agitation, delirium, convulsion, and coma brought on by excessive intake of water, resulting in severe hyponatremia. Psychogenic polydipsia (compulsive water drinking) has until recently been considered a relatively benign process. Since 1974, however, three fatal cases of water intoxication, resulting from psychogenic polydipsia, have been reported. All three individuals died while hospitalized, thereby permitting performance of blood electrolyte determinations and documentation of the associated electrolyte imbalance. In the authors' case, there was a well-documented prior episode of water intoxication in which serum electrolytes showed a pattern typical of this entity. Death, however, occurred at home, thus preventing valid serum electrolyte determinations to be performed. Analysis of the vitreous humor revealed a severe hyponatremia, thus substantiating the diagnosis of fatal water intoxication. This case, once again, points out the usefulness of electrolyte analyses on the vitreous humor as an aid to establishing a cause of death.
Proteotoxic stress and ageing triggers the loss of redox homeostasis across cellular compartments
Authors: Kirstein Janine , Morito Daisuke , Kakihana Taichi , Sugihara Munechika , Minnen Anita , Hipp Mark S , Nussbaum‐Krammer Carmen , Kasturi Prasad , Hartl F Ulrich , Nagata Kazuhiro , Morimoto Richard I
Published: July 2015

The cellular proteostasis network integrates the protein folding and clearance machineries in multiple sub‐cellular compartments of the eukaryotic cell. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis and folding of membrane and secretory proteins. A distinctive feature of the ER is its tightly controlled redox homeostasis necessary for the formation of inter‐ and intra‐molecular disulphide bonds. Employing genetically encoded in vivo sensors reporting on the redox state in an organelle‐specific manner, we show in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that the redox state of the ER is subject to profound changes during worm lifetime. In young animals, the ER is oxidizing and this shifts towards reducing conditions during ageing, whereas in the cytosol the redox state becomes more oxidizing with age. Likewise, the redox state in the cytosol and the ER change in an opposing manner in response to proteotoxic challenges in C. elegans and in HeLa cells revealing conservation of redox homeostasis. Moreover, we show that organelle redox homeostasis is regulated across tissues within C. elegans providing a new measure for organismal fitness.
THE ENDANGERED SPECIES Aristelliger georgeensis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) IN RONCADOR CAY, COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: LÓPEZ-VICTORIA Mateo , DAZA Juan Manuel
Published: July 2015

Aristelliger georgeensis, previously known to occur in the Yucatan peninsula (Mexico), the coasts and islands from Belize and Honduras, and the oceanic islands of Colombia in the Caribbean (San Andres, Providence and Saint Catalina) was registered for the first time in Roncador Cay, a flat and small island of coralline origin, located in the southwest of the Caribbean. Being considered as an endangered species at the national level, the new locality for this gecko constitutes an opportunity for its conservation. Some topics regarding the possible origins of this new population are discussed. This new locality represents the eastern most documented record of this species so far.

La especie amenazada Aristelliger georgeensis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) en el Cayo Roncador, Caribe colombiano

Aristelliger georgeensis, previamente conocido de la península de Yucatán (México), las costas e islas de Belice y Honduras y de las islas oceánicas de Colombia en el Caribe (San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina), fue registrado por primera vez en el Cayo Roncador, una isla plana y pequeña de origen coralino, ubicada en el suroccidente del Caribe. Siendo considerada como una especie amenazada a nivel nacional, la nueva localidad para este geco constituye una oportunidad para su conservación. Se discuten algunos tópicos relacionados con el posible origen de esta nueva población. Esta nueva localidad representa el registro documentado más al Este para la especie. 
Filosofia da filosofia: podem as teses filosóficas ser ‘crenças verdadeiras justificadas’?
Authors: Oliva Alberto
Published: July 2015

Partindo das exigências epistêmicas estatuídas pela concepção-padrão de conhecimento, de acordo com a qual conhecimento é ‘crença verdadeira justificada’, o artigo visa a identificar as razões pelas quais as teorias filosóficas substantivas têm fracassado em satisfazê-las.Aceita essa visão de conhecimento, a filosofia vê-se impedida de atribuir estatuto cognitivo às suas teorias. O artigo também pretende mostrarque a filosofia tem a credibilidade cognitiva colocada em xeque quando constrói abstrusos exercícios retóricos que especiosamente buscamlegitimar-se como conhecimento. Além de forjar teorias carentes de cognitividade, a filosofia também cria teorias compostas de proposiçõesclaramente desprovidas de significatividade. Ao elaborar teorias carentes de potencial cognitivo e teorias cujas proposições carecem de sentido, a filosofia fica sujeita a ter a cognitividade questionada. No entanto, a avaliação final da filosofia não pode confinar-se à dimensão da cognitividade, já que suas teorias possuem o poder de oferecer formas de ver a realidade mesmo quando fracassam em explicar objetos.
Apresentação
Authors: Bavaresco Agemir , Garcia Lara Eduardo
Published: July 2015

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Metafísica e finitude em Sartre
Authors: Souza Marcelo Prates , Moutinho Luiz Damon Santos
Published: July 2015

Este artigo busca compreender qual o estatuto que a ideia de fundamento recebe na filosofia de Sartre enquanto uma ontologia existencial, isto é, enquanto uma filosofia que compreende o homem em sua finitude. Para isso, procura realizar uma análise da presença da Metafísica, sobretudo em O Ser e o Nada, com relação ao problema metafísico desenvolvido na obra: o surgimento do nada no ser. Por fim, procura, por meio desta análise, compreender o estatuto da finitude na mesma obra.
O sonho da interpretação na arqueologia de Foucault
Authors: Prado Tomás Mendonça da Silva
Published: July 2015

Este artigo procura demonstrar as bases no pensamento de Foucault que o levaram a elaborar o conceito de arqueologia e, além disso, busca reconhecer os seus limites. Para isso, procuramos apresentar as principais interlocuções teóricas do filósofo no início de suas investigações e as constatações que, mais tarde, geraram a necessidade de reelaborar tal conceito. Entre as conclusões deste estudo, destacamos a sugestão de que a concepção alegórica de linguagem sustentada naquele período é formalmente semelhante à estrutura do pensamento metafísico e, como tal, precisou ser abandonada por Foucault como tentativa de encontrar uma forma original de reflexão filosófica.
A relação dialética entre arte e sociedade em Theodor W. Adorno
Authors: Petry Franciele Bete
Published: July 2015

O trabalho pretende discutir o duplo caráter das obras dearte a partir da obra de Theodor W. Adorno. Pretende-se examinaros argumentos sustentados pelo autor sobre o caráter social dasobras, principalmente, no caso da música, em que se pode percebercomo o desenvolvimento do próprio material musical expressa asaporias encontradas na sociedade. Por meio de uma crítica dialética,Adorno discute tanto o modo pelo qual as obras de arte respondemàs contradições da sociedade, colocando-se, assim, como força deresistência à reificação, quanto a influência negativa que sofrem, porexemplo, no contexto da indústria cultural. Além disso, o artigo pretendese dedicar à reflexão sobre a autonomia das obras de arte, qualidade queas mantém fechadas, desenvolvendo-se apenas segundo leis formaisinternas, sem que atendam a uma função social. É nesse sentido quese coloca a exigência de uma determinada forma de recepção dasobras, orientada não pela fruição, mas pela possibilidade de interpretarseu teor de verdade. Assim, a dialética presente no modo como asobras se relacionam com a sociedade torna possível concebê-las comopossibilidade de crítica à realidade e de resistência à reificação.
Da metamorfose da intencionalidade à metamorfose do sentido – uma leitura de Levinas
Authors: Souza Ricardo Timm de
Published: July 2015

Ao ler Levinas, a impressão que se tem, muitas vezes, é de que se trata de um pensamento elaborado como que de “fora para dentro”, em que se chega às questões mais técnicas e pontuais não por uma necessidade interna da argumentação, mas por uma necessidade externa de fidelidade ao movimento filosófico-motivacional maior da reflexão como um todo. O objetivo do presente texto consiste em ilustrar alguns aspectos desta dialética que acaba por confluir emuma releitura da própria ideia de sentido; para tanto, examinaremos o ensaio “Humanismo e An-arquia”, procurando evidenciar como, à proposta de metamorfose ética da intencionalidade, ali presente, segue-se uma proposta maior de metamorfose de sentido do próprio filosofar.
Sintomas e perda de corpo
Authors: Murta Claudia
Published: July 2015

O sintoma como acontecimento de corpo é uma proposição de Jacques Lacan que se remete aos seus últimos anos de ensino e trata sobre os efeitos do trauma da língua sobre o corpo. Esses efeitos se apresentam como padecimentos ou adoecimentos corporais e são nomeados como afetos ou paixões. A ressonância do pensamento de René Descartes é evidente no contexto da elaboração lacaniana do sintoma como acontecimento de corpo, tendo em vista que se fundamenta na distinção entre ter e ser um corpo. Trata-se de uma questão onto-génetica sobre a ambiguidade do corpo em Descartes e Lacan: o corpo objeto – “ter um corpo” – e o corpo como re-significação da presença do ser no mundo. Para elucidação da proposta, o texto literário de Daniel Pennac, “Jornal de um corpo” é analisado.
Sistema e ontologia na filosofia francesa comtemporânea
Authors: Madarasz Norman R.
Published: July 2015

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Diagnostic and Developmental Potentials of Dynamic Assessment for L2 writing
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad , Kushki Ali , Nassaji Hossein
Published: July 2015

Many theoretical claims have been made about the role and effectiveness of Dynamic assessment (DA) in L2 learning. It has, for example, been suggested that this kind of approach provides learners with appropriate and timely feedback in a supportive and interactive environment and in ways that can maximize L2 development (Poehner & Lantolf, 2013). However, issues remain about how to measure the effects of DA and how these effects compare with those of traditional ways of providing feedback. This qualitative case study explores the role of interactional DA in the development of L2 writing skills. Three advanced EFL students each produced first 10 writing samples in ten individualized writing sessions. They then engaged in 10 collaborative tutorial sessions with their teacher and received feedback based on the DA principles. The interactions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The results revealed important diagnostic and treatment effects for interactive DA.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DOS VISITANTES DO PARQUE MUNICIPAL DOM NIVALDO MONTE EM NATAL/RN
Authors: Rebouças Maria Agripina , Grilo José Américo , Araújo Carla Lenes
Published: August 2015

O presente artigo apresenta a percepção ambiental dos visitantes do Parque Dom Nivaldo Monte, também conhecido Parque da Cidade, em Natal/RN. A metodologia foi determinada por entrevistas semiestruturadas com auxílio de formulários aplicados a 50 visitantes do parque, em dias e horários diversificados no período de outubro a dezembro de 2012. Constatou-se que os visitantes do Parque Dom Nivaldo Monte utilizam o espaço para desenvolver atividades físicas ou para simples admiração paisagística, além de considerá-lo um espaço de lazer para a família e um ambiente que transmite paz e qualidade de vida. Independentemente do nível de escolaridade os visitantes do parque, apresentaram considerável grau de valorização do espaço, por demonstrarem interesse em conservar os recursos naturais para garantir a sustentabilidade do local. Constatou-se também que é de interesse dos visitantes a participação em projetos de Educação Ambiental nas dependências do parque, a fim de serem envolvidos em ações de conservação das espécies endêmicas de fauna e flora, além de salvaguardar as nascentes de corpos d’água nos limites do parque, e anda, falta de comprometimento das autoridades para assegurar a integridade física do parque.
Organic Matter Fractions and Quality of the Surface Layer of a Constructed and Vegetated Soil After Coal Mining. I - Humic Substances and Chemical Characterization
Authors: Leal Otávio dos Anjos , Castilhos Rosa Maria Vargas , Pauletto Eloy Antonio , Pinto Luiz Fernando Spinelli , Fernandes Flávia Fontana , Penning Letiane Helwig , Rosa Carla Machado da
Published: August 2015

After open coal mining, soils are “constructed”, which usually contain low levels and quality of organic matter (OM). Therefore, the use of plant species for revegetation and reclamation of degraded areas is essential. This study evaluated the distribution of carbon (C) in the chemical fractions as well as the chemical characteristics and humification degree of OM in a soil constructed after coal mining under cultivation of perennial grasses. The experiment was established in 2003 with the following treatments: Hemarthria altissima (T1), Paspalum notatum (T2), Cynodon dactilon (T3), Urochloa brizantha (T4), bare constructed soil (T5), and natural soil (T6). In 2009, soil samples were collected from the 0.00-0.03 m layer and the total organic carbon stock (TOC) and C stock in the chemical fractions: acid extract (CHCl), fulvic acid (CFA), humic acid (CHA), and humin (CHU) were determined. The humic acid (HA) fraction was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the laser-induced fluorescence index (ILIF) of OM was also calculated. After six years, differences were only observed in the CHA stocks, which were highest in T1 (0.89 Mg ha-1) and T4 (1.06 Mg ha-1). The infrared spectra of HA in T1, T2 and T4 were similar to T6, with greater contribution of aliphatic organic compounds than in the other treatments. In this way, ILIF decreased in the sequence T5>T3>T4>T1>T2>T6, indicating higher OM humification in T3 and T5 and more labile OM in the other treatments. Consequently, the potential of OM quality recovery in the constructed soil was greatest in treatments T1 and T4.
Frequências de cortes em nove leguminosas forrageiras tropicais herbáceas cultivadas ao sol e sob plantação florestal
Authors: Nicodemo M.L.F. , Souza F.H.D. , Pezzopane J.R.M. , Mendes J.C.T. , Tholon P. , Santos P.M.
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a produção e o valor nutritivo de nove espécies de leguminosas forrageiras herbáceas tropicais, cultivadas sob dois níveis de irradiação luminosa e seis frequências de corte na estação chuvosa, em Anhembi (SP), Brasil. Parcelas puras foram estabelecidas ao sol e sob plantação de Eucalyptus grandis, com 8 anos de idade, com 1.000 árvores/ha, que interceptou mais de 80% da radiação luminosa incidente. Avaliou-se a taxa de acúmulo de matéria seca, a proteína bruta e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca em amostras de plantas colhidas em intervalos de 30, 60, 90 e 180 dias, com cortes adicionais aos 120 e 150 dias. Sob pleno sol, as leguminosas testadas toleraram cortes mais frequentes (intervalos de 30 - 90 dias), exceto o Lablab. Na sombra, o grau de tolerância variou conforme a espécie; em termos de produção de MS e de persistência, a Centrosema e a Puerária se destacaram dentre as demais leguminosas comparadas, quando os cortes foram realizados em intervalos de 60 dias, enquanto o Arachis e o Estilosantes foram os mais produtivos quando os cortes ocorreram em intervalos de 120 dias, mantendo o valor nutricional. O Alysicarpus e a Aeschynomene não persistiram sob o nível de sombreamento que prevaleceu nesse experimento.
Análise de necessidades formativas de docentes ingressantes numa universidade pública
Authors: Lima Emília Freitas de ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos,  Brazil
Published: August 2015

Discute pesquisa sobre necessidades formativas de docentes universitários. Entende necessidade como distância entre uma situação real e uma ideal, nos níveis subjetivo e objetivo (Benedito; Imbernón; Félez, 2001). Utilizou-se de questionário, com perguntas fechadas e abertas, aplicado a docentes recém-admitidos numa universidade pública. Os resultados contrapõem-se às demandas dos professores (nível subjetivo), voltadas notadamente para a dimensão técnica, a necessidade de a formação continuada considerar as características da universidade no/do mundo atual (nível objetivo), exigindo da função docente competência técnica e científica e atuação em dimensões igualmente importantes, como a cultural, a ética, a estética, a tecnológica, a ambiental.
Progress in energy demand reduction – from here to 2050
Authors: Hammond Geoff
Published: July 2015

Building more ‘green’ power stations is one way to cut the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions by 80% in 2050. Geoffrey Hammond of the University of Bath says that reducing energy demand is as important as these supply-side developments, and calls for a more strategic approach.
Smaller contractors identified as likely to have more accidents
Authors: Soane Alastair
Published: July 2015

Construction site accidents are more likely when smaller contractors and subcontractors are involved. Alastair Soane of Structural-Safety, UK examines the reasons for this and reports on an industry initiative starting next year to provide greater education at the work face.
On the equivalent simple models of braced steel shear panels
Authors: Hamed Arash Akbari , Mofid Massood
Published: July 2015

Through the combination of two types of seismic resisting systems including braced frames and steel shear walls, braced steel shear panel systems can be formed. This new lateral load-resisting system solves some of the defects of current special steel shear walls, such as imposing significant loads on boundary elements along with gravity load effects. Analysis and design of this new structural system underline the importance of having simple and precise finite-element models. To this aim, this paper presents two types of equivalent braced frames termed ‘overall equivalent brace’ and ‘equivalent mid-brace’. The equations of brace area, material strength and strain-hardening ratio are obtained in two states of considering both braces or regardless of compressive brace. Next, non-linear lateral displacement, yield and ultimate values of base shear of one-storey and three-storey equivalent models are compared with the results of strip models. The findings show that the proposed models can obtain acceptable results by considering both braces only with equivalent area along with material strength.
Untreated aeolian sand base course for low-volume road proven by 50-year old road experiment
Authors: Netterberg F , Elsmere D
Published: July 2015

The Hoopstad long-term pavement performance experiments constructed in 1962 between Hoopstad and Bultfontein in the Free State Province of South Africa included a 90 m section of a finegrained, nonplastic, A-2-4(0), aeolian, Kalahari-type sand as unstabilised base course. After 50 years and approximately 1.0M E80 all the experimental sections are still carrying traffic, none has been rehabilitated and none appears to have ever failed. The results of a pavement evaluation carried out in 2013 indicate that similar sand can be used unstabilised as base course for a Category C or D low-volume road designed to carry up to at least 0.1M E80/lane over 20 years, provided it is compacted to refusal or at least 100% MAASHO on a good support, is well drained, well sealed with at least the equivalent of a double seal, and that the shoulders also offer good lateral support and drainage. The seal must also be sufficiently wide to accommodate the traffic expected. Such a design offers tremendous potential for the construction of relatively inexpensive, all-weather, low-volume roads in the vast area of arid and semi-arid southern Africa in which similar sands and a scarcity of gravels occur.
Миссия университета: взгляд экономиста
Authors: Auzan Aleksandr
Published: July 2015

Аузан Александр Александрович — доктор экономических наук, профессор, и.о. декана экономического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, член Экономического совета при президенте РФ. Эл. адрес: auzan@mail.econ.msu.ru Адрес: Московский государственный университет им. М.В.Ломоносова — Россия, 119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1.Прослежены исторические традиции в понимании миссии университета. Особое внимание уделяется неоклассической модели университета, созданной Гумбольдтом, которая рассматривается в контексте сформулированных Ортегой-и-Гассетом нескольких парадоксов, касающихся функций университетов. Заключается, что университеты производят не только частное благо в виде капитализируемого знания, которое можно продать, как думал Смит; и не только социально значимое благо в виде навыков будущих специалистов для обеспечения обязательного набора профессий в обществе, как это было заложено в наполеоновской системе образования. Университеты производят еще и общественное благо, смысл которого — создание и распространение культуры.Рассматриваются социальные эффекты и социальные риски высшего образования, связанные с производством университетами среднего класса населения. Объясняется нецелесообразность закрытия слабых университетов, не производящих высококвалифицированных специалистов, поскольку они реализуют важную социальную функцию. Показано, что возможны иные варианты сокращения социальных рисков высшего образования, в том числе и предполагающие рост количества иерархических звеньев образовательной системы. Производство среднего класса выгодно для страны, поскольку посредством него обеспечивается некоторая стабильность государства. При этом подчеркивается, что задать стране оптимальный темп и вектор развития может только та часть системы образования, которая способна производить конкурентоспособный человеческий капитал.Как модель успешного университета рассматривается МГУ им. Ломоносова, предлагается путь его эффективного развития в соответствии с представленной концепцией.