bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) of Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu: An Empirical Study
Authors: Selvaraju P.
Published: August 2021

Co-operation is a special method of doing work jointly and suits the poor more than the rich. The rich, however, are not precluded from coming with its fold. All those who want to co-operate must, as a condition precedent, have a common need and to fulfill it, should agree to work selflessly. The origin of Indian Co-operative Credit Movement can be traced as far back as to 1844 as per the Report of Woodhead Famine Commission of Bengal Province. The said commission recommended that credit should be given at low rate of interest to the needy people. The Maclagan Committee’s recommendations (1914) have much to contribute in evolving the urban cooperative credit movement and such banks have started developing in all the states of the nation. Banking is a service industry. The main objective of the banking is to provide the financial support to its customers / members in co-operatives. The Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) occupy a significant place in the urban credit movement. The urban co-operative credit movement started in India with the chief object of catering to the banking and credit requirements of the urban middle class. The expanding NPAs in banking Industry are a major concern for banking industry. NPAs affect the performance of banks and growth in NPA which bring down the entire profitability of the sector. In backlash of this situation, the core objectives of this empirical study to bring the real status and conditions of Non-Preforming Assets in Urban Co-operative Banks in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Further, the study can explore the factual outlook and effects of the same on different heads such as assets classifications (Standard asset, sub-standard, Doubtful Assets 1(D1),D2 and D3 Assets, Loss Assets, Sector-wise analysis, Gross and Net NPAs etc., all about, the findings of this empirical study can give a better understanding about the sector to the people who are associated with academic, research scholars, banking professionals, policy makers and consultant are in particular and allied groups are in general.
The Demography of Socially Responsible Investors across Countries and Time: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siddiqui Anjum Ubaid
Published: August 2021

The field of investment has received considerable changes in recent years. Over the past decade one of the major trends in the finance domain is the emergence of Socially Responsible Investments, reflecting the increasing awareness of investors to social and environmental and corporate governance issues. Over the past three decades many surveys have been conducted to understand and segment the demographic profile of socially responsible investors. This article aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on the demographic characteristics of socially responsible investors that has been studied across countries and time .We have limited our focus to insights generated by the articles specifically, dealing with relative influence of socio-demographic factors on the attitude towards Socially Responsible Investment, as opposed to broadening the scope of our inquiry to a larger set of studies related to the SRI such as fund performance, financial risk/return characteristics etc. The articles published have been classified into four broad demographic categories viz. Age, Gender, Education and Income on the basis of the importance of each category in context of Socially Responsible Investment. Finally the conclusion and future research directions are suggested which would be of importance for both academicians and investment world.
Customer Satisfaction towards BSNL in Salem City, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vijay Arun S. , Chandrasekaran M.
Published: August 2021

The customer satisfaction is the main goal of every business organization. In this competitive business scenario each and every activity starts and ends with the customer. In the present scenario, the telecommunication is lifeblood for every business activities. Even in this industry there prevails a stiff competition between the service providers. The objectives of the study are to study the customer satisfaction level towards BSNL services; the influence of demographic variables of the respondents; usage level of various BSNL schemes; the operational performance. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of state of affairs, as it exists at present. Simple random sampling method is used to collect data. The size of the sample is 50. The respondents of the study are part of population of Salem city. Both primary and secondary data is used. The data has been mainly analyzed by using the Percentage analysis, Student ‘t’ test and One way ANOVA ‘f’ test. most of the respondents are not much satisfied with the features of the phone provided by BSNL when compare to other private landline providers, significant weight age should be given by the BSNL. Most of the respondents are not aware of various schemes. It is identified that the service provided by BSNL is at satisfactory level to the respondent’s. But most of the respondents are not satisfied with the features of the phone. BSNL should focus on the promotional measures as equal to the private service providers to enhance their service activity to satisfy their customers.
Sustainable Agricultural Development in India with Special Reference to Jammu and Kashmir: A Macro Analysis
Authors: Khan Waseem Hassan , Jamal Aamir , Shah Ashiq Hussain
Published: August 2021

The new agenda in Indian agriculture should have a goal that explicitly focuses on improving agricultural systems and addresses rural development in an integrated manner. While Indian agriculture has crossed the threshold of traditional farming to modern agri-business, the objective of ensuring equity and sustainability becomes all the more important. Agriculture must change to meet the rising demand, to contribute more effectively to the reduction of poverty and malnutrition, and to become ecologically more sustainable. The challenge is daunting but feasible. This paper will analyze the issues and achievements related to sustainable agriculture development especially in the state of J&K.
Information Technology Service Quality Measurement: A Review
Authors: Jain Vipul , Wali O. P.
Published: August 2021

This is a review of the current state of research in the area of Information Technology (IT) service quality measurement. The service quality research has many available theoretical models and corresponding measurement scales. There are ongoing debates and differing viewpoints in this area that have proliferated over more than thirty years, since the mid-1980s. This article attempts to identify the available instruments for IT service quality, and summarize the debate around them. Research on electronic services is examined additionally, since much of the academic community agrees on measuring them differently from human-mediated services. The study finds that SERVQUAL, despite its documented limitations, still provides an adequate and acceptable instrument for IT service quality measurement for researchers. The field of electronic services has a multitude of available valid scales to choose from, but not a single dominating scale or theory.
Enterprise Growth and Entrepreneurs’ Skills: A Study of MSME’s in Meghalaya
Authors: Lyngdoh Vallarie S. , Syngkon R. A. J.
Published: August 2021

Entrepreneurship have been projected as one of the main tool for the development of an economy through which enterprises are created thereby providing employment opportunities. Through this practice, many types of business enterprises have been formed particularly micro and small enterprises have been established in Meghalaya. This study attempts to analyze the contribution and association of entrepreneurs in terms of their managerial skills towards the growth of MSMEs in the state of Meghalaya. Questionnaire technique was used for data collection from units registered with DIC and appropriate statistical tools and techniques were used for analyzing the data.
An Empirical Analysis of Food Security and Public Distribution System
Authors: Mohan Reddy K.
Published: August 2021

The present study deals with an empirical analysis of food security and public distribution system. The present paper deals with the importance of food security and public distribution system and objectives and methodology. Further, it is devoted to examine the food security and public distribution system. This paper is primarily based on the data gathered from primary as well as various secondary sources, especially those related to the availability of the statistical information pertaining to food security and public distribution system. The researcher is of the opinion that there is a need to improve the quality of grains supplied from PDS. By and large, it can be said that the sample respondents offered many suggestions for a better functioning of the system. The suggestions that they offered comprise of an improvement in the quality of goods supplied through FPSs, an increase in the quantity of goods, regular supply from govt., and preventing black marketing by dealers and elimination of bogus cards.
An Analysis of the Performance of General Insurance Companies in India
Authors: Ghose Soheli , Kumar Raman
Published: August 2021

The General Insurance Industry in India is growing at a very rapid pace. This is an empirical research based on secondary data collected from Annual Reports and Pro-forma Schedules of IRDA. An Excel data Model was created to taken in the core figures of GWP, NEP, NP and others of 4 General Insurance Majors to calculate other relevant ratios as need for the analysis. The objectives of this study are to analyze a few General Insurance companies in India and core Ratios related to the Insurance Sector only and to comparatively analyse Retention ratio, Total Claims Incurred, Earned Incurred Loss Ratio, and Combined Ratio. The conclusion report has been framed on the basis of which company seems to be the best with respect to its Future Growth prospects, Risk prospects and the stability of its growing business. Out of the companies analyzed, TATA-AIG GENERAL INSURANCE has a good future prospect.
Analyze the Challenges and Problems in Air Cargo Operations, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vasantha S.
Published: August 2021

The paper aims at understanding the problems of air cargo operations. The study is about identifying the problems during the import and export of the cargo through air transport. There are different stages of the process involved in the import and export of cargo. Some of the major processes are Export operations, Import Operations, AWB (Airway Bill) management, Freight Forwarding, Customs clearance, Transportation. This study gives an idea about problems and challenges in air cargo operations. The problems like a procedural bottleneck of customs clearance, Congestion at airport cargo terminal, Reducing dwell time, unskilled manpower, Inefficient use of belly cargoes capacity, Forecasting Airline cargo capacity and space allocation, challenges of handling hazardous cargo and dangerous cargo etc. For various problems, an overview of the relevant literature review is presented. The data are collected from various employees through questionnaire and observation method which is the primary data collection method used in the research. The data is analyzed by applying statistical tool, suggestion and conclusion are given purely based on the values obtained from the analysis and Interpretation.
Performance Analysis of the Index Mutual Fund
Authors: Bano Yasmeen , Vasantha S.
Published: August 2021

A mutual fund is a professionally managed investment fund that pools together the savings of a number of investors who shares the common financial goals. These investors may be retail or institutional in nature. It offers small or individual investors access to professionally managed portfolios of equities, bonds and other securities. The paper is the study of the performance of Index fund. This is analyzed empirically since the period of 2012 – 2017. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of Index funds. The study examined three parameters such as active returns, tracking error and Jensen’s alpha. In this paper the data has been collected from the secondary sources.
Causes of Delay in Public Building Construction Projects: A Case of Addis Abeba Administration, Ethiopia
Authors: Kuhil Abdurezak Mohammed , Seifu Neway
Published: August 2021

The time overrun in construction projects has become one of the most common problems in the industry that cause multitude of negative effects on the projects and its stakeholders. This study focused on assessing the main causes of delay in public building construction projects in Addis Ababa Administration mainly undertaken by grade one contractors. In these projects, 42 delay causing events in the Addis Ababa public building construction projects were identified and categorized in to five main category groups, and the most important and critical causes of public building construction delay causing factors were evaluated and ranked based on the RRI(Ranking and computation of relative importance index)values from the data collected in a questionnaire survey of three groups of respondents- clients, consultant and contractors in the construction industry. The survey findings revealed the top ten factors that cause construction delays in the public building construction projects in Addis Ababa are: (1) Difficulty in project financing (poor financial system); (2) Poor Project management system;(3) Delay in issuance of designs and working drawings; (4) Shortage of availability of imported construction materials and goods on market; (5) Design errors and complexity of designs;(6)Delay in progress payments for completed works; (7) Late start & resource mobilization to site; (8) Financing problems; (9) Inaccurate Site investigation Report;(10) Price Inflation. Furthermore, the ranking of the factors tested the agreement among the respondents and finally agreement test reveal that there appears a positivecorrelation between the groups in noticing and ranking the set of delay causes. The study recommended in general and particularly to all the parties for mitigating factors causing time overrun.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Success of E-Commerce in Asia: A Literature Review
Authors: Anjum Arif
Published: August 2021

E-commerce, which is also called Internet commerce, or electronic commerce is the act of buying and selling of goods or services through the use of the Internet. The rise in the E-commerce can be attributed to a number of factors, which include the dramatic fall in the entry barriers, an increase in the number of people with Internet access and the rapid growth in mobile commerce among others.This paper presents reviews some of the main factors, which influences the success of E-commerce in the Asian region. This is aimed at pointing out the critical success factors for success of the e-commerce businesses. In order to collect data for the study, secondary information sources were used. These were mainly journal articles done by previous scholars in the domain of e-commerce success. The findings of the research indicate that some of the main factors, which affect the overall success of E-commerce businesses, include provision of sufficient information, competitive pricing and the use of highly effective technologies, which will also go a long way in ensuring that there is drastic improvement in the level of customer service in the industry. The findings also reveal that the style of leadership and management and the security of the systems also influence the overall success of the e-commerce businesses.
A Study on Challenges of Tax Revenue Assessment and Collection in Ethiopia with Reference to Custom and Revenue Authority
Authors: Negatu Baharu Sisay
Published: August 2021

Tax is a compulsory payment for the government without the expectation of direct benefit or return from tax payers. The world country’s tax revenue is characterizing by high tax rates and narrow tax base, complex and outdated tax law, unrevised and weak tax administration this leads to challenges on the assessment and collection of tax. Tax system complexity has been an issue of concern for stakeholders in developing and advanced countries (Misrak Tesfaye 2014). This paper focuses on to identify on challenges of tax revenue assessment and collection in Ethiopia with reference to custom and revenue authority. The study was employed by using both descriptive and explanatory research design with quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative aspect of the data focused on description of socio- economic variables, tax and business related variables and analysis of relationship among the dependent and explanatory variables of the authority. Explanatory research study is most appropriate because it is more efficient, economical and flexible enough to minimize bias and maximize reliability of the collected data. From this study it is found that the factors regarding the tax collector’s the major one, that faced is lack of experience, lack of motivation, unfairness, partiality, and corruption are some of them(Identified through questionnaire). Regarding tax payers were lack of motivation, lack of adequate knowledge, confidence, willingness, are the major ones. Also the model shows the relationship among the dependent and independent variables are significant.
A Study on Women Entrepreneurship: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: . Kadambari , . Chanderjeet
Published: August 2021

Women devote and commit the family, which leads to society and Nation. Social as well as the economic development of women is necessary for the overall development of any society as well as the nation. Entrepreneurship is an inbuilt state of mind of every female individual but not been capitalized in the proper way in which it should be. This research paper on women entrepreneurship has been highly inspired by gender equality issues and development. Today researchers and policies have been more and more fuelled with the idea for women entrepreneurs’ importance for economic growth. Women entrepreneurs are assumed to face the experience of gender inequality and also experience hurdles when starting up and running a business than their male counterparts. The purpose of this empirical study is addressed to find out various motivating and de-, motivating internal and external factors. Reviews the main obstacles facing the female entrepreneurs, also suggest the way for elimination and reduction of such hurdles for development.
A Study on Cloud Computing and Service Market: International Context with Reference to India
Authors: Paul P. K. , Aremu Bashiru , Aithal P. S. , Saavedra Ricardo , Sinha Ripu Ranjan
Published: August 2021

Cloud computing is one of the emerging areas and components within the Information Technology space. Cloud Computing is a kind of virtualization techniques which is achieved by the internet and similar services. Cloud Computing is growing rapidly within Information Technology. This is responsible for the creation of a healthy virtual information technology infrastructure. Cloud Computing is very much important for distributing IT Infrastructure for the concerned organizations and its branches or sister organizations. Cloud Computing is rapidly moving towards the government and public sectors as well due to its benefits and opportunities. Cloud Computing is also called as Virtualization Technology. Within the support of Cloud Computing, there are many service models and types that are emerging viz. Software, Applications, Platforms and Operating Systems, Hardware and infrastructure, Contents and Information, etc. The emerging other technologies are also increasing and many of them relate to the Cloud Computing viz. Big Data, Analytics, Internet of Things (IoT), etc. The market of the cloud also depends on various other things and it is important to note that, apart from the existing established IT organizations and companies, there are many new specially dedicated cloud service providers also emerging rapidly. Cloud Computing Services and its emergence including the current market scenario is provided in this paper including some of the companies and their basic services as well.
System Dynamics Modelling for Assessment of Mudra Scheme in Socio-Economic Sustainable Development of India
Authors: Satsangi Neetu Singh
Published: August 2021

India facing two major problems has been unemployment and poverty, to tackle these problems Indian government putting especial emphasis on entrepreneurship development. Pradhan Mantri MUDRA scheme or PMMY initiated by government in this favour. PMMY launch in 2015 with objective to provide financial support to non-farm enterprise. The scheme synergizes with other schemes like national rural livelihoods mission, make in India and credit guarantee fund for micro units to fulfil the individual scheme objectives with MUDRA scheme. In this paper system dynamics modelling has been applied for the assessment of MUDRA scheme in socio-economic sustainable development of India. The causal loop diagram drawn based on that stock flow diagram has been constructed. Research is descriptive in nature and it is covered the time span of ten years. It is based on the secondary data which is collected from official websites, government reports, journals and newspaper. From the result it could be concluded MUDRA scheme substantially contributing to socio-economic sustainable development of India.
Role of Employee Pro-activeness in the Repatriation Process: A Study of Indian IT Industry
Authors: Aftab Muniza , Israrul Haque Mohammad , Sharma Tanuja
Published: August 2021

Repatriation experience is attributed to many factors, a phenomenon much lesser studied compared to expatriation. Considered as merely coming back home could be extremely stressful as given to understand through previous studies and while many factors could attribute to the same, many practitioners argued that it could be repatriate’s own attitude towards pro-activeness that is an increasingly important component of the repatriate transition outcome. The study includes the feedback of such repatriates from the IT companies and understands the behaviour they were involved in while returning back home. It further establishes the role of pro-activeness and provides a set of suggestions for repatriates returning home.
A Study on Investment Behaviour and Attitude of Women Investors of Bangalore, Karnataka
Authors: Ganapathi R. , Madhavan Varsha
Published: August 2021

Investment is one of the pre – eminent concern of every single individual investor as the small savings of today are to meet the future expenses of tomorrow. Considering the survey over 120 respondents from Bangalore City among women, this paper attempts to study the behaviour and attitude of investment based on the socio-economic profile, awareness and preferences and financial literacy over various investment avenues that are available in India. The study was conducted during the pandemic period from March to July as many of the women investors resulted in unemployment that affected their income, earnings and savings. Fort the study the data was collected using structured questionnaires. The result showed that most of the women investors belongs to a less age group as they are into a working class and to which most of them are comfortable in traditional mode of investment such as secured deposits. The study also revealed investment in stock market is bit sceptical as it involves high risk and uncertainty. The result also says the psychological behaviour of Indian women as they are fond of bullion and investing in bullion metals is quite attractive and low risk. From the study point, it will help to explore and expand knowledge and identify the best avenue to invest and create savings for the better future in the field of personal finance and pandemic recession.
Examining the Relationship between HRM Practices and Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Study in Select Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Mufeed Umar , Kumar Saurav
Published: August 2021

Human capital is recognized as a vital factor in contributing towards organizational performance and in this competitive and knowledge driven economy play a critical role for the success and survival of their institutions. Organizations irrespective of their nature and size have realized that capable and effective human resource acts as a strategic advantage over its competitors provided employees are committed towards their organizations. In this respect HRM practices have a significant role in enhancing employee commitment as it leads in improving their morale and performance. Keeping this in view, the present paper is aimed to examine the relationship between HRM practices and organizational commitment in sample select four educational institutions. It is also aimed to examine the effect of HRM Practices on organizational commitment. The findings of the study revealed that there exists a positive and favourable relationship between HRM practices and Organizational commitment. Moreover, the study found that HRM practices significantly influences Organizational commitment among employees. The study suggests that HR practitioners need to relook at HRM practices for increasing employees’ commitment in sample select institutions.
Betel Leaf Cultivation in Odisha: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Sahoo Minati , Sahoo Dibya Ranjan
Published: August 2021

Betel vine cultivation is a type of agricultural activities which provided livelihood for the rural farmers. Farmers collected seasonal income from other crops, while betel vine cultivation produced income throughout the year from a small piece of land. By this it can reduce poverty & unemployment level. Thus an attempt has been made by the present study to examine the problems and prospects of the betel leaves cultivators in Puri district of Odisha. It has been found that the betel cultivators are facing various problems during production, marketing, and also some general constraints. Even the assistances provided by the Government are not sufficient enough. Thus it is therefore necessary to undertake various policy measures to eradicate the difficulties as the profit margin in betel leaves cultivation is very high and this could become an important source of livelihood.
Profiles of Ferry Services in and Around Howrah Ghats
Authors: Biswas Debarchana
Published: August 2021

On the off chance that one thinks about the most ideal approach to drag oneself alongside the madding crowd easily and exertion, at that point no preferred choice over ferry services would ring a bell. A ferry conveys passengers, vehicles and cargos as a piece of the general population transport framework by permitting direct travel between various places at a capital cost much lower than bridges or tunnels. This paper expects to make an examination and appraisal of the commuters’ observation on ferry benefits on picking this mode, on time specifics, to discover commuters’ discernment on administration of Ghats and to uncover the suburbanites' concern the individuals who are profiting from ferry services. The study area centers on the Howrah Unit under Hooghly Nadi Jalapath Paribahan Samabay Samity Ltd. (HNJPSS)which incorporates Howrah (I and II), Armenian, Fairlie,Babughat, Shovabazar, Ahiritola and Bagbazar Ghats. InWest Bengal, especially there is an enormous possibility forimprovement of inland water transport system along the riverHooghly which is navigable throughout the year and canpossibly assume an essential part in the regional economy –both urban and rural. Unfortunately in West Bengal, thismethod of transport has been liable to nonstop carelessness.The study has been conducted on random sample survey andsecondary information has been obtained from HNJPSS. Thisstudy reveals that the glory of ferry services in Kolkata islosing day by day. Beautification of each Ghat is necessaryalongside appropriate network inside a region. So in generalup gradation of Ghats and ferry system are alluring as it willencourage economic development in Kolkata and itsenvironment.
Perceived Parental Acceptance: Rejection and Conflict Styles of Adults
Authors: Parameswari J.
Published: August 2021

Parents greatly affect their children’s behaviour. Children model everything parents do and incorporate what they see into their own lives. Parenting skills and behaviour play a vital role in development of children’s positive attitude and social behaviour that are essential for healthy living. The way we handles conflict is also significant for a quality living. The present study examined the relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection, and conflict styles of adults. For the purpose of the study, a Sample of 250 college teachers (134- male teachers and 116- female teachers) from colleges in and around Dharmapuri were selected systematically. The study adopted survey research design. The Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (short form) (Rohner, 1984), and Organizational Conflict Inventory (Rahim, 1983) were used to collect the data. The result revealed significant relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection and conflict styles of adults. Males reported significantly more use of competing style of conflict than females. Further, no significant difference was noticed between students from rural and urban in perceived parental acceptance-rejection, and conflict styles. Also, there is no significant difference in perceived parental acceptance-rejection, and conflict styles based on birth order and marital status.
Issue and Challenges of Reproductive Health Status of Rural Women in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sujatha P. , Rajeswari M.
Published: August 2021

The present research aimed to study the issue and challenges of reproductive health status of rural women in Kanchipuram district. Reproductive morbidity is a broad concept that encompasses health problems related to reproductive organs and functions, including and outside of childbearing 360 samples were selected based on stratified random sampling method. In order to examine the economic factors related to health care services on reproductive health among selected respondents. Well-structured questionnaire were used for data collection. To test the hypotheses statistical tool such as F- test and t-test were used. There is need a wide scope for research to bring a holistic view of rural women health status. Since women faces various unique health issues as compared to male, there is a need for more specific and combined research on women health status. To analysis of issues and challenges of reproductive health status of rural women. Result found that respondents significantly differ in their issues and challenges on reproductive health status.
Silk Production: The Global Scenario
Authors: Thiripura Sundari K.
Published: August 2021

Silk is a high value-added product and it always ranks comparably higher than any other textile fiber known in human history or in use in present times because of its appreciation in terms of consumer preference, unit values, fashion significance, employment generation, income generating opportunities in producer communities and the intangible value related to the preservation of mankind’s cultural heritage. Over the centuries, silk has been recognized for its unique characteristics of comfort, luster and glamour. The most loved fiber, the world over, silk spells luxury, elegance and class with its unparalleled grandeur, the silk fabric has reigned as the undisputed “queen of textiles” over the centuries. The major silk producing countries in the world are; China, India, Uzbekistan, Brazil, Japan, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, DPR Korea, Iran, etc. Hence, against this backdrop an attempt is made in this paper to analyze the Global silk production.
Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Coimbatore North Taluk, Tamil Nadu, India using GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Ganeshmoorthi M.
Published: August 2021

The main aim of the present study is to assess Land use/land cover changes in Coimbatore North Taluk for the period of 2001 and 2018. The study area is located in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu state and geographical area is 479.5 km2. To analyze land use/land cover changes, a temporal satellite images Landsat 7 (2001) Sentinel-2 (2018) was used. Vector data for the study area was extracted from the SOI toposheets and taluk sheets. The above satellite image was classified into four major classes viz. water bodies, croplands, built-up area, and forest using hybrid supervised classification method. ERDAS Imagine 2015 and ArcGIS 10.5 software’s were sued to classify the satellite image and assess the land use/land cover changes for the above periods. The land use/land cover change detection analysis revealed that built up area was increased compared to 2001 and all other classes decreased. Urbanization is the primary cause of the land use and land cover changes for the study area.
The Correlates of Violence against Women in India: Findings from the Recent National Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Chaurasiya Dinesh , Chaurasia Vaishali , Chauhan Shekhar
Published: August 2021

Violence against women is a serious human rights abuse and public health issue in India. The Intimate Partner violence (IPV) cases among Indian couples are very high. This article aims to find the determinant of Intimate Partner Violence in India. The data are drawn from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV). According to Demographic Health Survey guidelines, IPV is measured using 13-item questions in women questionnaire. This section is analysed to fulfil the objective of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression is used to find out the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio. The analysis is carried out using STATA version 14. The prevalence of IPV, emotional violence (EV), physical violence (PV) and sexual violence (SV) is 33.15, 13.23, 29.68 and 6.60 respectively. The likelihood of IPV increases with the increase in marital duration. All kind of violence is less likely to occur in rural areas (IPV: AOR=0.86, p<0.01; EV: AOR=0.81, p<0.01; PV: AOR=0.85, p<0.01; & SV: AOR=0.92, p=0.09). Hindu women are more likely to face all kind of violence than women in other religion. Alcohol consumption is one of the predominant factors for IPV in India (AOR=3.08, CI=2.96-3.21, p<0.01). From this study, we find that marital duration, the age difference of spouses, number of children, place of residence, caste, religion, and education of couple, alcohol consumption and wealth index are some of the important predictors of IPV in India.
Impact of Economic Reforms, FDI and Imports on GDP: Trends and Regression Analysis
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Sahni Priyanka
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to explore the causal relationship between the exports, imports and economic growth of Chinese economy using time series data running from 1978 to 2016.Co integration, Granger Causality analysis and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) has been used in order to test the hypotheses about the presence of causality and co integration among the variables. The co integration test confirmed that exports, imports and GDP are co integrated, indicating an existence of long run equilibrium relationship among the variables and also confirmed by the Johansen co integration test results. The Granger causality test finally confirmed the presence of bi-directional causality between exports, imports and GDP. The study further shows that relative share of china’s exports in world exports has increased significantly after the introduction of economic reforms. Further, the rising exports have also made a significant contribution to the economic growth of Chinese economy due to forward and backward linkages.
Social Audit of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MG NREGA): A Study of Hamirpur Block of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Sapna K.
Published: August 2021

Rural development has been the major concern areas since the implementation of the First Five Year Plan in our country. Governments at the Centre and State level have implemented many programmes and schemes to achieve socio-economic development of rural areas in the country. MGNREGA is one of those programmes and schemes. It came into force on February 2, 2006. This flagship programme of the Government of India aims at enhancing the livelihood security of households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The primary objective of the scheme is to augment wage employment. This is to be done while also focusing on strengthening natural resource management through works that address causes of chronic poverty like drought, deforestation, and soil erosion and thus encourage sustainable development. To review the implementation and working of the MGNREGA, social audit is one of the important tools evolved and implemented as a part of MGNREGA. It brings transparency and accountability not only in the implementation of MGNREGA but also in the working of Gram Panchayat. Therefore, this paper aimed at examining the effectiveness of social audit in Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh.
A Case Study on Reading Habits of Students Studying in the Secondary Schools of Trincomalee Educational Zone, Sri Lanka
Authors: Suthakaran Vijeyaluxmy
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the environmental factors influencing in reading habits of the students studying in the Secondary Schools of Trincomalee Educational Zone of Sri Lankan using the survey method. A total of 200 respondents from schools of the said Educational Zone are included in the study. Proportionate stratified Random sampling method was utilized for the selection of sample. These 200 students were selected from grade seven and eight for the study and questionnaires were distributed to them. Students have agreed that they have enough time to read books in spite of tuition, Television, radio, theater visit and other kind of activities. Their reading attitude is highly positive towards the leisure reading while parent support is at very low level to involvein reading activities. Attitude of class teacher and Librarian shows their positive support for recreational reading. Attitude of principal is at moderate level for the reading habit promotion among the school curricula.It is recommended that parents should encourage their children by reading good storybooks, moral stories to help them towards developing good reasoning power and to keep them a breast with the latest information. Further to say that the library collection for encouraging students to be increased as the collections is in adequate in the schools.
Impacts of Urbanization on Land Use Pattern and Environment: A Case Study of Ajmer City, Rajasthan
Authors: Chouhan Bhanu Priya , Kannan Monika
Published: August 2021

The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth in history. More than half of the world’s population now lives in towns and cities, and by 2030 this number will swell to about 5 billion. ‘Urbanization has the potential to usher in a new era of wellbeing, resource efficiency and economic growth. But due to increased population the pressure of demand also increases in urban areas’ (Drakakis-Smith, David, 1996). The loss of agricultural land to other land uses occasioned by urban growth is an issue of growing concern worldwide, particularly in the developing countries like India. This paper is an attempt to assess the impact of urbanization on land use and land cover patterns in Ajmer city. Recent trends indicate that the rural urban migration and religious significance of the place attracting thousands of tourists every year, have immensely contributed in the increasing population of city and is causing change in land use patterns. This accelerating urban sprawl has led to shrinking of the agricultural land and land holdings. Due to increased rate of urbanization, the agricultural areas have been transformed into residential and industrial areas (Retnaraj D,1994). There are several key factors which cause increase in population here such as Smart City Projects, potential for employment, higher education, more comfortable and quality housing, better health facilities, high living standard etc. Population pressure not only directly increases the demand for food, but also indirectly reduces its supply through building development, environmental degradation and marginalization of food production (Aldington T, 1997). Also, there are several issues which are associated with continuous increase in population i.e. land degradation, pollution, poverty, slums, unaffordable housing etc. Pollution, formulation of slums, transportation congestion, environmental hazards, land degradation and crime are some of the major impacts of urbanization on Ajmer city. This study involves mapping of land use patterns by analyzing data and satellite imagery taken at different time periods. The satellite images of year 2000 and 2017 are used. The change detection techniques are used with the help of Geographical Information System software like ERDAS and ArcGIS. The supervised classification of all the three satellite images is done by ERDAS software to demarcate and analyze land use change.
Planning of Integrated Land Use and Social Infrastructure of SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab
Authors: Singh Harcharan
Published: August 2021

The social infrastructure and needs of the various communities coexisting in a city are associated in considerably substantial and strong relationship with its surrounding environment. There are numerous parameters which influence the social infrastructure and community needs with respect to its integration with the land use of that city. Accessibility of proper terminals for public transportation, institutes, and hospitals parks etc. These parameters are studied along with parallel analysis of the total area covered and existing population of the city. Social infrastructures in a city have a large impact on the quality of life of the people in the urban centers. SAS Nagar (Mohali) is a counter magnet city of Chandigarh and one of the the most well-known planned city in Punjab, India. Mohali started developing as a counter magnet in the early 1990’s. It was initially known as Mohali village, a part of the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Mohali inhere with phases/ sectors including the new industrial areas, commercial centers and the educational institutions like as C-DAC Mohali in the vicinity of the residential areas. Mohali is spread over a total area of 167.67 sq. km out of which 32.58 sq.km is under the MC area with is characterized by very well planned areas. Despite of being a well-planned city of Punjab, India; Mohali still have a shortage of appropriate opportunity of services with low openness to the needs of the people. This study focuses on the relationship between land use and the social infrastructure with emphasis on the relationship analysis with geospatial planning techniques. The quality of life of people depends on the accessibility to quality of social and community infrastructure; it also impacts the migration pattern and the movement of daily commuters for their various reasons in the city. The advancement of the city is being anticipated as per the increase of the urbanization along with accessibility to proper social infrastructure, which satisfies the essential & functioning demand of the city. The development of the city is of two types’ i.e. compact development and sprawl development (depends on the density of population per sq.km). The assessment study of community infrastructure and social needs of Mohali includes various types of operational functioning parameters for study like; directional analysis, population wise analysis and area wise analysis. These social and community infrastructural needs have their own norms and standards for the city level services and as well as neighbourhood level assistance, which categorize their accessibility for the integrated land use pattern and population for services. By using open source GIS, the served areas and un-served areas along with their names are bring classified properly as per the given parameters.
Holistic Student Development through Service Learning: An Experimental Study about Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: John Kaviarasu S.
Published: August 2021

Service Learning enhances and intensifies classroom learning which paves the way for practical community-based problem solving skills to students. The context of Service Learning at Loyola College, Chennai offers students an opportunity to explore the connections between the theoretical realm of the classroom and the practical needs of the community. In this connection, School of Service Learning at Loyola College is making the students to reflect about the experience in order to maximize the benefit of service in learning experiences. Therefore, this is an important process that links Service and academic learning. At the next level, it really motivates students to be human and also humane. Exposure to urban poor in the informal settlements of Chennai city makes undergraduate students of Loyola College to become aware about the issues faced by urban poor. Post graduate courses students gain exposure on rural interior villages which makes PG students to realize stark naked realities of the rural folk. Cognitive development is assured through formal Learning and teaching in the classroom by their respective teachers. Theoretical and Conceptual teaching could not provide holistic knowledge to students. This requirement is beautifully addressed by the School of Service Learning through its various activities and programmes with the constant guidance of professional social workers and Management.
Cross-Cousin Marriages in Kishtwar
Authors: Sharma Gopal Krishan
Published: August 2021

Marriage is a social combination or lawful contract between the general population that makes family relationship and its definition fluctuates as indicated by various societies. Marriage and Kinship are the essential unavoidable truths that apply to everyone of any person. The present paper is about the Kinship and Marriage structure among the Hindu people group in the Kishtwar District. The investigation has explicitly investigated the act of cross-cousin relational unions among the network and has endeavoured to investigate the different family relationship ties predominant among them. This paper is an attempt to investigate the family relationship and marriage structure among the Hindu people group in Kishtwar. The paper likewise accomplishes to investigate the different types of cross-cousin marriages among the Hindu people group in Kishtwar.
Political Culture and Tourism Development: A Case Study of Tamil Nadu State
Authors: Fazal Daoud Firdausi S.
Published: August 2021

Tourism development in any region is influenced by political culture and processes. It is inherently linked to the policies, agenda, decisions, outcomes and the type of government responsible for shaping policies related to tourism. The paper tries to find out the impact of political culture on tourism development. It also aims to assess the role of political culture in influencing tourist motivation through the data collected from urban tourist centres of the Southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Mixed method, consisting qualitative interpretation as well as descriptive and inferential statistics has been used to draw conclusions. It has come out from the study that the political culture of Tamil Nadu state may be characterized as a mix of subject and participant culture, where latter dominates the former. It can be concluded that the people of the state have always participated in political process through voting and changing the regime from time to time. The study also indicates that most of the people of the state are aware of their political obligations and actively participate in social campaigns and civic life. It can be concluded that the existing political culture in the state has compelled the political elite to think and work for the development of the state, including tourism development.