bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fraud and Innovation
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Stuart Toby , Li Jizhen
Published: June 2020

We show that fraudulent firms allocate resources differently than honest companies. Resources obtained through fraudulent means are likely to be viewed as unearned gains and are less likely to be invested in productive activities, such as recruiting talent. We posit that honest and fraudulent companies also invest in different types of innovation: honest firms pursue technically significant innovations, while fraudulent companies are likely to make smaller investments in less challenging inventive opportunities that contribute to the appearance rather than the substance of innovation. We test these predictions in a longitudinal dataset tracking the personnel recruitment and patenting activities of 467 Chinese high technology firms, all of which applied for state-funded innovation grants. We identify fraud by comparing two sets of financial books prepared by each company in the data in the same fiscal year, which are legally required to be identical but are discrepant in over 50 percent of cases, in a direction that benefits the firm. We find that relative to honest companies, fraudulent firms are more likely to receive state grants and are less likely to recruit new employees or produce important inventions in the post-grant period.
Coming Back and Giving Back: Transposition, Institutional Actors, and the Paradox of Peripheral Influence*
Authors: Luo Jiao , Chen Jia , Chen Dongjie
Published: June 2020

We explore transposition—bringing ideas from one context to a distant other context—as a mechanism for institutional change, and we study the conditions under which institutional actors successfully undertake it. Prior work on transposition has emphasized the paradox of embedded agency: actors embedded in a context may struggle to effect change because they lack exposure to fresh ideas. We complement this work by arguing that transposition is also subject to a paradox of peripheral influence: actors not embedded in a context, who may be a source of fresh ideas, can struggle to effect change because of their peripheral or outsider status. We suggest that these dual paradoxes can be overcome by actors who simultaneously have exposure to alternative institutional environments and are sufficiently embedded in the focal field to gain trust and buy-in from other decision makers. Such actors can both see the potential of new ideas and navigate their implementation successfully. We identify returnees from abroad, who have studied or worked elsewhere and then emigrated back to their home country, as one such type of actor. Using data on publicly listed Chinese companies from 2000 to 2012, we show that the presence on firms’ boards of directors of returnees with relevant exposure abroad significantly raises firms’ participation in corporate social responsibility, specifically in the form of making corporate donations. Supporting our theorizing about the two paradoxes, the effect of returnees is stronger when they or their board allies have greater exposure to foreign experience and greater embeddedness in the local context. The effect is also stronger when field conditions, such as insufficient economic development, present greater need for change.
Heart Rate Reactivity, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Portnoy Jill , Raine Adrian , Rudo-Hutt Anna S. , Gao Yu , Monk Khadija
Published: June 2020

This article examines whether heart rate stress reactivity interacts with neighborhood disadvantage to predict antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior was assessed in a community sample of 445 males and females ( Mage = 11.92 years), using respondent and parent measures of antisocial behavior. Heart rate stress reactivity interacted with neighborhood disadvantage to predict parent-reported antisocial behavior. Specifically, the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and antisocial behavior was stronger among children with lower heart rate reactivity. This study is the first to find that heart rate stress reactivity interacts with the neighborhood environment to predict antisocial behavior. Findings demonstrate the importance of examining biological factors in conjunction with the broader environmental context to understand the development of antisocial behavior.
Understanding the Predictors of Street Robbery Hot Spots: A Matched Pairs Analysis and Systematic Social Observation
Authors: Connealy Nathan T.
Published: June 2020

This study examines the environmental predictors that classify street robbery hot spots and control street segments in Indianapolis. Empirical controls were generated by matching each hot spot to a corresponding set of zero-crime control and low-crime control units. Then, units were evaluated based on the presence of crime generators and attractors, which were downloaded from open data sources and spatially joined to the street segments, and disorder indicators obtained via systematic social observation using Google Street View. The findings provide information about the influence environmental predictors have on the presence of street robbery hot spots, and whether the composition of hot spots significantly differs from that of similar places that experienced no crime or low counts of crime.
An Integrative Total Worker Health Framework for Keeping Workers Safe and Healthy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dennerlein Jack T. , Burke Lisa , Sabbath Erika L. , Williams Jessica A. R. , Peters Susan E. , Wallace Lorraine , Karapanos Melissa , Sorensen Glorian
Published: June 2020

Objective

The aim was to recommend an integrated Total Worker Health (TWH) approach which embraces core human factors and ergonomic principles, supporting worker safety, health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background

COVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented challenges to workplace safety and health for workers and managers in essential businesses, including healthcare workers, grocery stores, delivery services, warehouses, and distribution centers. Essential workers need protection, accurate information, and a supportive work environment with an unwavering focus on effective infection control.

Method

The investigators reviewed emerging workplace recommendations for reducing workers’ exposures to the novel coronavirus and the challenges to workers in protecting their health. Using a theoretical framework and guidelines for integrating safety and health management systems into an organization for TWH, the investigators adapted the framework’s key characteristics to meet the specific worker safety and health issues for effective infection control, providing supports for increasing psychological demands while ensuring a safe work environment.

Results

The recommended approach includes six key characteristics: focusing on working conditions for infection control and supportive environments for increased psychological demands; utilizing participatory approaches involving workers in identifying daily challenges and unique solutions; employing comprehensive and collaborative efforts to increase system efficiencies; committing as leaders to supporting workers through action and communications; adhering to ethical and legal standards; and using data to guide actions and evaluate progress.

Conclusion

Applying an integrative TWH approach for worker safety, health, and well-being provides a framework to help managers systematically organize and protect themselves, essential workers, and the public during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Application

By using the systems approach provided by the six implementation characteristics, employers of essential workers can organize their own efforts to improve system performance and worker well-being during these unprecedented times.
Investment Sensitivity to Stock Prices: Affiliation Effect
Authors: Farooq Omar , Satt Harit , El Fadel Basma
Published: June 2020

The article investigates how investment decisions are affected by stock prices, and whether this relation varies from affiliated to nonaffiliated firms. The results reveal that the investments of group-affiliated firms are more sensitive to stock prices than those of standalone firms.
Wage-setting and gender pay equality in Australia: Advances, retreats and future prospects
Authors: Smith Meg , Whitehouse Gillian
Published: June 2020

This article re-examines the main principle applied in the pursuit of gender equality in Australian wage-setting systems (equal remuneration for work of equal value) through the lens of a typology of contrasting approaches to gender (and overall) wage equality. It focuses on landmark legislative initiatives and cases over four epochs in Australian wage-setting history, from the first national equal pay case in 1969 to current provisions under the Fair Work Act. Our analysis indicates that there is no guarantee of a progressive trajectory, from narrowly conceived strategies that limit comparisons to the same work, through the revaluation of female-dominated work, to a more comprehensive approach capable of redressing systemic disadvantage. Rather, the Australian pattern has been one of advances, retreats and constantly changing barriers. We argue that although the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value has potential to challenge the reproduction of gender inequalities within wage-setting systems, this is highly contingent on the strategies in place and ultimately requires recognition that wage disparities reflect the accumulation of structural inequalities and gendered practices.
Presence of Any Medical Debt Associated With Two Additional Years of Homelessness in a Seattle Sample
Authors: Bielenberg Jessica E. , Futrell Marvin , Stover Bert , Hagopian Amy
Published: June 2020

Although medical debt has been associated with housing instability, almost no research has connected homelessness to medical debt. We interviewed 60 individuals experiencing homelessness in Seattle, selected from those participating in self-governed encampments organized by a homeless advocacy organization. Most respondents reported having at least one kind of debt, with two-thirds reporting current medical debt. Almost half reported trouble paying medical bills for themselves or family members. Almost one-third believed medical debt was in part responsible for their current housing situation. More than half with medical debt incurred this debt while they were covered under insurance. People who had trouble paying medical bills experienced a more recent episode of homelessness 2 years longer than those who did not have such trouble, even after controlling for race, education, age, gender, and health status. People of color who had trouble paying medical bills reported almost 1 year more homelessness than whites.
An Integrative Review of Patients’ Experience in the Medical Tourism
Authors: Xu Tuzhen , Wang Wanyi , Du Jinlan
Published: June 2020

Medical tourism has emerged as an industry due to the constantly improved information technology and decreasing cost for transportation. Evidence on how medical tourists develop their medical travel and their experience keeps growing. This article aims to provide an integrative review to understand medical tourism from the patients’ perspective. PRISMA procedures were followed. All the literature was published from January 1, 2009, to May 4, 2019, in peer-reviewed journals in CINAHL and MEDLINE/PubMed. Johns Hopkins Nursing evidence level and quality guide were used to evaluate evidence level. Twenty-one studies including 8 quantitative, 10 qualitative, and 3 mix-method studies were reviewed. Low cost, short waiting list, quality, and procedures available were the motivators to treatment abroad. The Internet, former tourists’ testimonial, and physician and facilitators’ advice were the predominant resources consulted. Perceived value of medical quality directly affected patients’ overall satisfaction. Our integrative review has led to the identification of many factors related to medical tourist’s experience. We suggest further empirical researches on (1) the patients’ decision-making process of motivators and barriers, (2) the factors related to patients’ experience on the health care quality, and (3) the strategies to ensure the continuity of care.
Examining Christians’ Reactions to Reminders of Religion–Science Conflict: Stereotype Threat versus Disengagement
Authors: Rios Kimberly
Published: June 2020

Stereotypes of religion (particularly Christianity) as incompatible with science are widespread, and prior findings show that Christians perform worse than non-Christians on scientific reasoning tasks following reminders of such stereotypes. The present studies ( N = 1,456) examine whether these reminders elicit stereotype threat (i.e., fear of confirming negative societal stereotypes about one’s group), disengagement (i.e., distancing oneself from a domain perceived as incongruent with the values of one’s group), or both. In Studies 1 and 2, Christians demonstrated lower task performance and greater subjective feelings of stereotype threat (but did not spend less time on the task) relative to non-Christians when beliefs about Christianity–science incompatibility were chronic or made salient. Furthermore, the effects of incompatibility stereotypes on performance were most pronounced among Christians who identified strongly with science and hence worried most about confirming negative stereotypes (Studies 3–4). Implications for Christians’ responses to religion–science conflict narratives and participation in science are discussed.
Creation of a New Educational Podcast: “Headmirror’s ENT in a Nutshell”
Authors: Barnes Jason H. , Choby Garret , Smith Alyssa J. , Kiessling Patrick , Marinelli John P. , Bowe Sarah , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: June 2020

Podcasts are online digital audio programs that are disseminated via online subscription that are easily accessible through computers or smartphones. Increasingly, residents and medical students are prioritizing podcasts for asynchronous medical education due to ease of use, convenience (eg, use while exercising or commuting), and repeatability. Some trainees have found podcasts more useful than traditional didactic lectures. Given the increasing requirements of social distancing and the need for distance medical education platforms, podcast production can serve as a useful tool to complement resident and medical student education and is a resource that will remain accessible in perpetuity. An otolaryngology specialty podcast, “Headmirror’s ENT in a Nutshell,” was created to augment asynchronous learning and address the acute need for distance learning opportunities. Over the first 7 weeks of production, 50 episodes were created. Episodes were posted on www.headmirror.com, with subscription services available through Apple Podcast, Spotify, and other platforms.
Surgical Closure of Tracheoesophageal Puncture Without a Flap Interposition
Authors: Neves João Fonseca , Nobre Ana Rita , Portugal Edite , Branquinho Francisco
Published: June 2020

Tracheoesophageal puncture for voice prosthesis placement is often used in vocal rehabilitation of patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Although its closure can occur spontaneously, some patients require a surgical procedure. We propose a surgical technique, without flap interposition, that begins with careful separation of the esophagus and trachea and identification of the site of tracheoesophageal fistula. After continuous suture closure of the esophagus, the anterior segment of the first tracheal rings is vertically incised to facilitate tracheal closure in a suture without tension. Finally, a small pectoral skin flap is made and mobilized to suture to the free edges of the sectioned tracheal rings, thus reducing the risk of tracheal stenosis. Four patients underwent this procedure with uneventful postoperative evolution and permanent closure of the fistula.
A Multimodal Multi‐institutional Solution to Remote Medical Student Education for Otolaryngology During COVID‐19
Authors: Ruthberg Jeremy S. , Quereshy Humzah A. , Ahmadmehrabi Shadi , Trudeau Stephen , Chaudry Emaan , Hair Bryan , Kominsky Alan , Otteson Todd D. , Bryson Paul C. , Mowry Sarah E.
Published: June 2020

During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, there has been a surge in production of remote learning materials for continued otolaryngology resident education. Medical students traditionally rely on elective and away subinternship experiences for exposure to the specialty. Delays and cancellation of clinical rotations have forced medical students to pursue opportunities outside of the traditional learning paradigm. In this commentary, we discuss the multi‐institutional development of a robust syllabus for medical students using a multimodal collection of resources. Medical students collaborated with faculty and residents from 2 major academic centers to identify essential otolaryngology topics. High‐quality, publicly available, and open‐access content from multiple sources were incorporated into a curriculum that appeals to a variety of learners. Multimodal remote education strategies can be used as a foundation for further innovation aimed at developing tomorrow’s otolaryngologists.
Persistent Smell Loss Following Undetectable SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Yan Carol H. , Prajapati Divya P. , Ritter Michele L. , DeConde Adam S.
Published: June 2020

The association of smell and taste loss with COVID‐19 has been well demonstrated with high prevalence rates. In certain cases, chemosensory loss may be the only symptom of COVID‐19 and may linger while other symptoms have resolved. The significance of persistent smell and taste loss and its relationship to ongoing viral shedding has yet to be investigated. In this cross‐sectional study, of the 316 laboratory test–confirmed COVID‐19 cases at our institution, 46 had subsequent test‐based confirmation of viral clearance with 2 consecutive negative RT‐PCR test results (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). Olfactory dysfunction was reported by 50% of the patients (23 of 46), with 78% (18 of 23) having subjective persistent smell loss despite negative RT‐PCR test results. These preliminary data demonstrate the persistence of self‐reported smell loss despite otherwise clinical resolution and undetectable nasal viral RNA.
Addressing the Impact of COVID‐19 on the Residency Application Process Through a Virtual Subinternship
Authors: Farlow Janice L. , Marchiano Emily J. , Fischer Ilana P. , Moyer Jeffrey S. , Thorne Marc C. , Bohm Lauren A.
Published: June 2020

Senior medical students are facing an unparalleled experiential gap left by COVID‐19 restrictions. Due to a shared commitment to safety, equity, and well‐being, away rotations are actively being discouraged or even prohibited. As a result, students transitioning to residency encounter reduced clinical training experiences and decreased access to advising, mentorship, and research opportunities. In addition, limited exposure to residency life across subspecialties and institutions poses unique challenges during the current residency application cycle. The otolaryngology–head and neck surgery community has met these unprecedented challenges by producing diverse electronic resources for specialty‐specific clinical education, as well as discussing ways to increase access to advising. In this commentary, we review these initiatives and propose an institutional virtual event as a platform for meeting goals previously achieved by visiting subinternships.
Patient‐Worn Enhanced Protection Face Shield for Flexible Endoscopy
Authors: Anon Jack B. , Denne Carter , Rees Darcy
Published: June 2020

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to compare the protection afforded by a standard face shield design with a new enhanced design in a controlled setting.

Methods

This study was exempted from review by institutional review board waiver. A flexible fiberoptic endoscopy was placed through stellate openings in the standard face shield and the enhanced face shield. A series of simulated coughs were created with bursts of fluorescein dye through an atomizer tip placed within the test participant’s mouth. Ultraviolet lighting illuminated the test area, and areas of dye splatter were noted.

Results

Fluorescein dye is easily aerosolized along the lateral inferior aspect of a standard shield with significant contamination of the surrounds. The enhanced face shield maintained a barrier to the aerosolized dye.

Discussion

Face shields, rather than face masks, should be considered a preferred alternative for the public and for health care professionals alike, as they address many of the personal protective equipment concerns especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Otolaryngologists are at high risk from aerosol‐generating procedures, such as flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, even when wearing personal protective equipment. Here we describe a uniquely designed face shield to be worn by the patient as another layer of protection for the environment and for medical personnel.

Implications for Practice

During the course of a flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, medical personnel are safely isolated from potential infectious particles with a newly designed face shield.
Family‐Centered Information Dissemination: A Multidisciplinary Virtual COVID‐19 “Town Hall”
Authors: Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Romano Sarah , Callans Kevin , Fracchia M. Shannon , Hartnick Christopher J.
Published: June 2020

Significant misinformation about COVID‐19 has been spread on the internet. Parents of children with complex aerodigestive problems have a hard time understanding the information they encounter on the internet and the news media and interpreting how it relates to their child’s complex needs. Our multidisciplinary team, at the suggestion of a parent, hosted 3 virtual “town halls” in which families could ask questions directly of pediatric otolaryngology, pediatric pulmonology and case management in order to efficiently obtain factual evidence‐based up‐to‐date advice. The information discussed at the town halls was then annotated and disseminated via active, parent‐run aerodigestive social media forums. The information disseminated via the town halls reached 4787 Facebook participants.
A response to the persistent digital divide: Critical components of a community network ecosystem
Authors: Rich Micaela Jordann , Pather Shaun
Published: June 2020

The recent COVID-19 pandemic, and associated mitigation strategies of social distancing and self-isolation, has elevated the importance of telecommunications networks. In the current era there is little dispute amongst governments and at the highest levels of the United Nations in respect of the right of all citizens, regardless of their station in life, to have unfettered access to the Internet. However, despite substantive investments in telecommunications infrastructure development, a plethora of policy interventions and three world summits on the Information Society, more than half of the world’s population remain unconnected. Over recent years, an emerging solution to the problem has been a bottom-up model of telecommunications ownership, referred to as community networks. There are varying approaches to community networks and different modes of implementation are observed across the globe. However, there is little evidence and consensus on what are all of the necessary elements of the system that comprise a successful community network. In light of this, this paper takes a first step towards the development of a comprehensive framework of the community network ecosystem. Based on the extant literature, a four-pronged People, Technology, Organization and Environment (PTOE) framework is derived. This is then subjected to qualitative analysis against descriptive reports of 11 existing community networks. The final framework and its sub-components provides a holistic and comprehensive perspective of the community network ecosystem. It serves as a basis for further analysis and research of community networks models and also as a means of informing practical implementation of both current and future community networks.
Synergistic effects of piperlongumine and gemcitabine against KRAS mutant lung cancer
Authors: Ye Wu , Huang Qingdong , Tang Tingyu , Qin Guangyue
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To determine the combined efficacy of piperlongumine and gemcitabine for treatment of KRAS mutant lung cancer.

Methods:

The cell growth inhibition of piperlongumine, gemcitabine, and piperlongumine plus gemcitabine was measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and the combination index was calculated. In addition, the combined effects of piperlongumine and gemcitabine on cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) expression were examined.

Results:

Piperlongumine increased ROS contents and LC3B-II expression. Following the combined treatment with piperlongumine and 10 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), intracellular ROS and cell viability returned to normal levels, and the expression of LC3B-II decreased to the predose level. Gemcitabine also induced cell apoptosis, increased ROS contents, and LC3B-II expression. The combination of piperlongumine with gemcitabine exhibited a synergetic anticancer activity with the combination index <1. The combined application of gemcitabine and piperlongumine yielded synergistic effects on cell apoptosis, but failed to synergistically increase ROS levels and LC3B-II expression.

Conclusion:

Combination therapy with piperlongumine and gemcitabine is a promising treatment option for KRAS mutant lung cancer.
Wind turbine aerodynamics modeling by meshless method
Authors: Mnebhi-Loudyi Asmae , Boudi El Mostapha , Ouazar Driss
Published: June 2020

This article presents wind turbine aerodynamics modeling by a meshless method. This method does not require meshing but it requires only a set of nodes. The radial basis function of finite difference method is a local meshless method, which is the coupling between the radial basis functions and the finite difference methods. When the number of nodes increases, the system might become ill-conditioned. Therefore, the local meshless method is adopted. It must be noted that Navier–Stokes equation is the one used for modeling purposes. Numerical results were compared to the meshless method and the finite element method results in terms of both velocity and pressure. Close agreements are observed.
L’imagerie mentale : un levier de valorisation d’une offre intangible?
Authors: Abaidi Ibtissame , Agrebi Sinda , Ben Nasr Imed , Cottet Patrice
Published: June 2020

Dans un contexte de développement accru des offres intelligentes, identifier le processus de valorisation d’une offre intangible par le consommateur en mettant en lumière le rôle de l’imagerie mentale de soi constitue une voie prometteuse. En ce sens, une étude expérimentale réalisée sur un échantillon de 836 individus met en évidence que l’imagerie mentale réduit la perception de l’intangibilité, générant des répercussions positives sur la valeur perçue par la médiation des bénéfices perçus. Cette recherche enrichit la littérature sur la valeur perçue des offres innovantes en identifiant des déterminants fondamentaux dans un contexte de complexité croissante des offres : l’imagerie mentale de soi et l’intangibilité perçue.
Mapping children’s play and violence in Kashmir
Authors: Malik Aatina Nasir
Published: June 2020

In Kashmir, the entrenchment of political violence in the everyday has marked a shift from understanding Kashmiris as passive receivers of violence to agentic beings; however, much attention has not been paid to the experiences of children. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in one of the downtown neighbourhoods in Srinagar, this article would look at the everyday of children by focusing on their game playing. Analysing two games, that is, Military-Mujahid and PUBG (Player Unknown’s Battlegrounds), the article highlights how playing blurs the lines between spectacular and everyday, and actual and virtual/imaginary, establishing itself as a part of children’s everyday reality.
A modeling and prediction method for plunge cutting force considering the small displacement of cutting layer
Authors: Li Junli , Yu Weiwei , An Qinglong , Chen Ming
Published: June 2020

In the process of plunge milling, the main cutting force is along the axial direction, and usually, the machining system has good axial rigidity, so it can withstand large cutting loads. This characteristic makes plunge milling particularly suitable for high-efficiency rough machining and semi-finishing of difficult-to-cut materials. The cutting force in the plunge milling process is usually large, and when the process parameters are not selected properly, the plunge milling is prone to the back-off phenomenon. In view of the characteristics of large cutting force and high cutting temperature in Inconel 718 plunge milling process, considering the small displacement of the actual tool tip caused by cutting force and cutting vibration, this article establishes a plunge milling force model based on the combination of analytical method and three-dimensional finite element method. The micro-displacement caused by vibration is obtained through dynamic modeling and modal test methods. Combined with the macro-displacement of cuter back-off under the action of the cutting force during the single-tooth run-in and run-out process, the modified cutting layer parameters are obtained, and optimized cutting force of plunge milling is obtained.
Arc characteristics in short electrical arc high-efficiency milling for GH4169
Authors: Li Xuezhi , Zhou Jianping , Wang Kedian , Wu Tianbo , Xu Yan , Hu Guoyu
Published: June 2020

To solve core problems of slow arc response and unstable combustion, arc movement characteristics and arc action rules in short electrical arc milling are studied using a high-speed acquisition system and the Phantom high-speed camera in this article. To improve arc reignition, the characteristic parameters of arc discharge are determined as a discharge gap of 0.053 mm and discharge time of 2180 μs. A short electrical arc milling experiment with nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is carried out, confirming that the continuous stable discharge of the arc can easily produce a material removal rate of 40 g/min and a tool wear ratio of 0.8%. An SU8010 scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analyzer are then used to study the erosion mechanism of GH4169 in short electrical arc milling. This article aims to expand the processing range of short electrical arc machining in the field of special material processing to provide experimental and theoretical bases for the development of short electrical arc milling technology theory and methods.
An experimental approach to manufacturability assessment of microfluidic devices produced by stereolithography
Authors: Mele Mattia , Campana Giampaolo
Published: June 2020

Lab-on-a-Chips integrate a variety of laboratory functions and embed microchannels for small fluid volume handling. These devices are used in medicine, chemistry, and biotechnology applications but a large diffusion is limited due to the manufacturing cost of traditional processes. Additive Manufacturing offers affordable alternatives for the production of microfluidic devices, because the fabrication of embedded micrometric channels is enabled. Stereolithography gained particular attention due to the low cost of both available machines and suitable polymeric materials to be processed. The main restriction to the adoption of this technique comes from the obtainable dimensional accuracy that depends not only on design, but also on process set-up. Firstly, the paper analyses theoretically the physics of stereolithographic processes and focuses on main phenomena related to microchannel manufacturing. Then, specific experimental activities are designed to investigate the combined effect of design and process parameters on the achievable dimensional accuracy of embedded microchannels manufactured through a commercial desktop stereolithography apparatus. In particular, the combined effect of channel nominal dimensions, build orientations and the layer thickness on the obtainable accuracy is examined by referring to a benchmark geometry. The collated experimental data showed that a number of combinations are successful. Besides, the experimental activity revealed that appropriate combinations of design, build orientation and manufacturing parameters can overcome the dimensional limitations reported in previous studies. Both binary logistic regression models to predict the manufacturability of microchannels and linear regression models to estimate the achievable accuracy for those geometries that can be produced successfully are developed.
Influencing analysis of different baffle factors on oil liquid sloshing in automobile fuel tank
Authors: Zhang Enhui , Zhu Wenyan , Wang Lihe
Published: June 2020

Oil liquid sloshing is a common phenomenon in automobile fuel tank under variable working conditions. Installing baffles in automobile fuel tank is the most effective way to suppress adverse influence caused by oil liquid sloshing. Different types of three-dimensional finite element models filling oil liquid are created, meshed, and simulated. The reliability of simulation results is verified by test. The concept of time–area value is proposed in this work. In order to explore the influence of different baffle factors on oil liquid sloshing, six factors are studied. Six kinds of influencing factors are height, structure, shape, spacing, number, and placement of baffles. The sloshing pressure and time–area value are the core parameters for evaluating the influence degree. Some results could be obtained by comparing the parameters of oil liquid sloshing under the same condition. High baffles and baffles with small spacing have obvious attenuation influence on the pressure of oil liquid sloshing. Low baffles, double baffles, parallel baffles, and the combined action of inertia force and gravity are more beneficial to the reduction of time–area value. Time–area value is the largest and the smallest in fuel tank with intersection baffles and low baffles, respectively.
Vibro-acoustic prediction and evaluation of permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Dong Qichao , Liu Xintian , Qi Hongzhong , Zhou Yafu
Published: June 2020

In this study, a multiphysics finite element method is proposed to predict and evaluate the electromagnetic vibration and noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motors. First, the expressions of radial electromagnetic force waves were derived based on the established mathematical models of airgap magnetic field using the analytical methods. Subsequently, the main circumferential spatial orders influencing electromagnetic noise were analyzed and discussed. Then, a multiphysics simulation model that consists of mechanical field, electromagnetic field, and acoustic field was established for the calculation of the electromagnetic radiation noise. Finally, the multiphysics simulation model developed for the electromagnetic vibration and noise prediction was validated by comparing the finite element analysis and experimental data. It is shown that, although the local differences exist, the results from the finite element calculation and test analysis have a good agreement on the analytical mechanism overall, both in amplitude and main orders. In addition, this paper has made a detailed analysis to the electromagnetic noise generation mechanism, which lays the basis for further study in predicting and suppressing the electromagnetic vibration and noise of the drive motors of pure electric vehicle.
Development of an optimized game controller for energy saving in a novel interconnected air suspension system
Authors: Nazemian Hossein , Masih-Tehrani Masoud
Published: June 2020

In this study, the focus is on reducing the energy that is consumed by a compressor for providing high air pressure in the reservoir. A new air suspension configuration is presented that is titled active interconnected air suspension with outsourced air pressure. In this configuration, a compressor is used to charge the tank; meanwhile, the air springs are connected. For minor excitation, first, the air flows between air springs to control roll angle and height adjustment. If the situation of body position gets worse, the compressed air tank compensates to keep the body not generating roll angle and bounce. This methodology has a benefit. This configuration conserves compressed air in the tank in minor road elevation. The optimized controllers are designed to control roll angle and bounce, but they determine the outsourced air mass flow rate. For switching between interconnection and outsourced mode, there are some rules defined based on game theory for a trade-off between high dynamical performance quality of the vehicle and reduction of energy consumption. The optimization is done on the rules to keep both aspects minimum as much as possible. A three-axle heavy truck is used, and its performance is under discussion on an uneven rough road. Roll angle is improved progressively in novel air suspension configuration, and the energy consumption is reduced. In the default condition, the roll angle is improved 72% from the passive case and 39% from the conventional configuration. Furthermore, the energy consumption optimized version reduces 14% from the non-optimized case and 46% from the outsourced mode. By importing road power spectral density type E and type G, as the short domain and high-frequency vibrations, to two sides of the truck, it is inferred that the vehicle could remain on interconnection mode entirely without using the compressor.
Effects of blade surface roughness on compressor performance and tonal noise emission in a marine diesel engine turbocharger
Authors: Liu Chen , Cao Yipeng , Ding Sihui , Zhang Wenping , Cai Yuhang , Lin Aqiang
Published: June 2020

A numerical study was conducted to investigate the effects of blade surface roughness on compressor performance and tonal noise emission. The equivalent sand-grain roughness model was used to account for blade surface roughness, and a hybrid method that combines computational fluid dynamics and boundary element method was used to predict compressor performance and tonal noise. The numerical approach was validated against experimental data for a baseline compressor. Nine different cases with different blade surface roughness were studied in this paper, the global performance was analyzed under compressor design speed, and the tonal noise level was predicted under the design condition. The results indicate that compressor total-to-total pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency were gradually decreased with the increasing blade surface roughness. Besides, the blade total pressure loss coefficient and the efficiency loss coefficient were also increased. It was found that the reverse flow at the leading edge of compressor rotor blades reduced blade loading. The pressure fluctuation at the leading edge showed that the peak of pressure fluctuations increased as the blade surface roughness was increased. The sound pressure level at blade-passing frequency shows a significant change with variation in blade surface roughness, which results in an increased total noise level. Furthermore, it was shown that the blade surface roughness had nearly no influence on acoustic directivity, but the sound pressure level increased with the increase in roughness, especially at blade-passing frequency.
Biomechanical properties and thermal characteristics of frozen versus thawed whole bone
Authors: Brazda Ignace J , Reeves Jacob , Langohr G Daniel G , Crookshank Meghan C , Schemitsch Emil H , Zdero Radovan
Published: June 2020

Biomechanics research often requires cadaveric whole bones to be stored in a freezer and then thawed prior to use; however, the literature shows a variety of practices for thawing. Consequently, this is the first study to report the mechanical properties of fully frozen versus fully thawed whole bone as ‘proof of principle’. Two groups of 10 porcine ribs each were statistically equivalent at baseline in length, cross-sectional area, and bone mineral density. The two groups were stored in a freezer for at least 24 h, thawed in air at 23 °C for 4 h while temperature readings were taken to establish the time needed for thawing, and once again returned to the freezer for at least 24 h. Mechanical tests to failure using three-point bending were then done on the ‘frozen’ group immediately after removal from the freezer and the ‘thawed’ group when steady-state ambient air temperature was reached. Temperature readings over the entire thawing period were described by the line-of-best-fit formula T = (28.34t − 6.69)/(t + 0.38), where T = temperature in degree Celsius and t = time in hours, such that frozen specimens at t = 0 h had a temperature of −17 °C and thawed specimens at t = 1.75 h reached a steady-state temperature of 20 °C–23 °C. Mechanical tests showed that frozen versus thawed specimens had an average of 32% higher stiffness k, 34% higher ultimate force Fu, 28% lower ultimate displacement δu, 40% lower ultimate work Wu, 43% higher elastic modulus E, 37% higher ultimate normal stress σu, and 33% higher ultimate shear stress τu. Whole ribs failed at midspan primarily by transverse cracking (16 of 20 cases), oblique cracking (three of 20 cases), or surface denting (one of 20 cases), each having unique shapes for force versus displacement graphs differentiated mainly by ultimate force location.
Pretend play as a creative action: On the exploratory and evaluative features of children’s pretense
Authors: Chylińska Monika , Gut Arkadiusz
Published: June 2020

Linking children’s pretense with creativity has a long tradition. Most authors claim that pretending children exercise divergent thinking, so they can generate many diverse ideas. We show that focusing on divergent thinking when describing the creative features of pretense is not enough. Both pretending and creating are not only about thinking ideas, but also about acting, exploring the surroundings, and adjusting oneself to other people and to the ongoing happenings. Furthermore, both pretending and creating do not entirely rely on generating many and various ideas or actions, as they also include exploration and evaluation of the outcomes. Consequently, we propose to link creativity and pretense by focusing on children’s exploratory and evaluative actions. In our view, pretend play is a creative activity resulting in outcomes that are both novel and valuable.
Variance estimation in tests of clustered categorical data with informative cluster size
Authors: Gregg Mary , Datta Somnath , Lorenz Doug
Published: June 2020

In the analysis of clustered data, inverse cluster size weighting has been shown to be resistant to the potentially biasing effects of informative cluster size, where the number of observations within a cluster is associated with the outcome variable of interest. The method of inverse cluster size reweighting has been implemented to establish clustered data analogues of common tests for independent data, but the method has yet to be extended to tests of categorical data. Many variance estimators have been implemented across established cluster-weighted tests, but potential effects of differing methods on test performance has not previously been explored. Here, we develop cluster-weighted estimators of marginal proportions that remain unbiased under informativeness, and derive analogues of three popular tests for clustered categorical data, the one-sample proportion, goodness of fit, and independence chi square tests. We construct these tests using several variance estimators and show substantial differences in the performance of cluster-weighted tests based on variance estimation technique, with variance estimators constructed under the null hypothesis maintaining size closest to nominal. We illustrate the proposed tests through an application to a data set of functional measures from patients with spinal cord injuries participating in a rehabilitation program.
Evaluating macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 expression as a prognostic biomarker in colon cancer
Authors: Olsson Lina , Lindmark Gudrun , Hammarström Marie-Louise , Hammarström Sten , Sitohy Basel
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Several studies indicate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 plays a role for tumor progression in colon cancer. We investigated whether determination of migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA expression levels in lymph nodes of colon cancer patients could be used as a prognostic marker.

Methods:

Expression levels of migration inhibitory factor 1 and carcinoembryonic antigen mRNAs were assessed in primary tumors and regional lymph nodes of 123 colon cancer patients (stages I–IV), and in colon cancer- and immune cell lines using quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Expression of migration inhibitory factor 1 protein was investigated by two-color immunohistochemistry and immunomorphometry.

Results:

Migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA was expressed at 60 times higher levels in primary colon cancer tumors compared to normal colonic tissue (medians 8.2 and 0.2 mRNA copies/18S rRNA unit; p < .0001). A highly significant difference in mRNA expression levels was found between hematoxylin-eosin positive lymph nodes and hematoxylin-eosin negative lymph nodes (p < .0001). Migration inhibitory factor 1 and carcinoembryonic antigen proteins were simultaneously expressed in many colon cancer-tumor cells. Kaplan–Meier survival model and hazard ratio analysis, using a cutoff level at 2.19 mRNA copies/18S rRNA unit, revealed that patients with lymph nodes expressing high levels of migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA had a 3.5-fold (p = .04) higher risk for recurrence, associated with a small, but significant, difference in mean survival time (7 months, p = .03) at 12 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:

Although migration inhibitory factor 1 mRNA expression levels were related to severity of disease and lymph node analysis revealed that colon cancer patients with high levels had a shorter survival time after surgery than those with low levels, the difference was small and probably not useful in clinical practice.
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: Teaching Philosophy Statements and the State of Student Learning
Authors: Beatty Joy E. , Leigh Jennifer , Lund Dean Kathy
Published: June 2020

In association with the republishing of our 2009 papers, we revisit the core ideas about teaching philosophy papers, considering how the ideas have evolved and offering possible questions for future research on teaching philosophy statements. We note that the role and importance of teaching philosophy statements endures and describe some of the changes that have enriched the learning contexts of today such as the expansion of teaching technology. The rapid changes initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic offer a timely opportunity to revisit and reflect upon one’s teaching philosophy statement, since some of the improvisations faculty develop are likely to stimulate new teaching practices.