bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abundances in the Local Region. III. Southern F, G, and K Dwarfs
Authors: Luck R. Earle
Published: February 2018

Stellar parameters and abundances have been derived from a sample of 907 F, G, and K dwarfs. The high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra utilized were acquired with the HARPS spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory. The stars in the sample with −0.2 < [Fe/H] < +0.2 have abundances that strongly resemble that of the Sun, except for the lithium content and the lanthanides. Near the solar temperature, stars show two orders of magnitude range in lithium content. The average content of stars in the local region appears to be enhanced at about the +0.1 level relative to the Sun for the lanthanides. There are over 100 planet hosts in this sample, and there is no discernible difference between them and the non-hosts regarding their lithium content.
The Effect of Toroidal Magnetic Fields on Solar Oscillation Frequencies
Authors: Kiefer René , Roth Markus
Published: February 2018

Solar oscillation frequencies change with the level of magnetic activity. Localizing subsurface magnetic field concentrations in the Sun with helioseismology will help us to understand the solar dynamo. Because the magnetic fields are not considered in standard solar models, adding them to the basic equations of stellar structure changes the eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies. We use quasi-degenerate perturbation theory to calculate the effect of toroidal magnetic fields on solar oscillation mean multiplet frequencies for six field configurations. In our calculations, we consider both the direct effect of the magnetic field, which describes the coupling of modes, and the indirect effect, which accounts for changes in stellar structure due to the magnetic field. We limit our calculations to self-coupling of modes. We find that the magnetic field affects the multiplet frequencies in a way that depends on the location and the geometry of the field inside the Sun. Comparing our theoretical results with observed shifts, we find that strong tachocline fields cannot be responsible for the observed frequency shifts of p modes over the solar cycle. We also find that part of the surface effect in helioseismic oscillation frequencies might be attributed to magnetic fields in the outer layers of the Sun. The theory presented here is also applicable to models of solar-like stars and their oscillation frequencies.
Full-data Results of Hubble Frontier Fields: UV Luminosity Functions at z ∼ 6–10 and a Consistent Picture of Cosmic Reionization
Authors: Ishigaki Masafumi , Kawamata Ryota , Ouchi Masami , Oguri Masamune , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Ono Yoshiaki
Published: February 2018

We present UV luminosity functions of dropout galaxies at

with the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data. We obtain a catalog of ∼450 dropout-galaxy candidates (350, 66, and 40 at

, 8, and 9, respectively), with UV absolute magnitudes that reach

mag, ∼2 mag deeper than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field detection limits. We carefully evaluate number densities of the dropout galaxies by Monte Carlo simulations, including all lensing effects such as magnification, distortion, and multiplication of images as well as detection completeness and contamination effects in a self-consistent manner. We find that UV luminosity functions at

have steep faint-end slopes,

, and likely steeper slopes,

at

. We also find that the evolution of UV luminosity densities shows a non-accelerated decline beyond

in the case of

, but an accelerated one in the case of

. We examine whether our results are consistent with the Thomson scattering optical depth from the Planck satellite and the ionized hydrogen fraction Q
H ii
at

based on the standard analytic reionization model. We find that reionization scenarios exist that consistently explain all of the observational measurements with the allowed parameters of

and

for

, where

is the escape fraction, M
trunc is the faint limit of the UV luminosity function, and

is the conversion factor of the UV luminosity to the ionizing photon emission rate. The length of the reionization period is estimated to be

(for

), consistent with the recent estimate from Planck.
M101: Spectral Observations of H ii Regions and Their Physical Properties
Authors: Hu Ning , Wang Enci , Lin Zesen , Kong Xu , Cheng Fuzhen , Fan Zou , Fang Guangwen , Lin Lin , Mao Yewei , Wang Jing , Zhou Xu , Zhou Zhiming , Zhu Yinan , Zou Hu
Published: February 2018

By using the Hectospec 6.5 m Multiple Mirror Telescope and the 2.16 m telescope of the National Astronomical Observatories, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we obtained 188 high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of

regions in the nearby galaxy M101, which is the largest spectroscopic sample of

regions for this galaxy so far. These spectra cover a wide range of regions on M101, which enables us to analyze two-dimensional distributions of its physical properties. The physical parameters are derived from emission lines or stellar continua, including stellar population age, electron temperature, oxygen abundance, etc. The oxygen abundances are derived using two empirical methods based on O3N2 and R
23 indicators, as well as the direct

method when

is available. By applying the harmonic decomposition analysis to the velocity field, we obtained a line-of-sight rotation velocity of 71

and a position angle of 36°. The stellar age profile shows an old stellar population in the galaxy center and a relatively young stellar population in outer regions, suggesting an old bulge and a young disk. The oxygen abundance profile exhibits a clear break at ∼18 kpc, with a gradient of −0.0364 dex kpc−1 in the inner region and −0.00686 dex kpc−1 in the outer region. Our results agree with the “inside-out” disk growth scenario of M101.
Shape of LOSVDs in Barred Disks: Implications for Future IFU Surveys
Authors: Li Zhao-Yu , Shen Juntai , Bureau Martin , Zhou Yingying , Du Min , Debattista Victor P.
Published: February 2018

The shape of line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs) carries important information about the internal dynamics of galaxies. The skewness of LOSVDs represents their asymmetric deviation from a Gaussian profile. Correlations between the skewness parameter (h
3) and the mean velocity (

) of a Gauss–Hermite series reflect the underlying stellar orbital configurations of different morphological components. Using two self-consistent N-body simulations of disk galaxies with different bar strengths, we investigate

correlations at different inclination angles. Similar to previous studies, we find anticorrelations in the disk area, and positive correlations in the bar area when viewed edge-on. However, at intermediate inclinations, the outer parts of bars exhibit anticorrelations, while the core areas dominated by the boxy/peanut-shaped (B/PS) bulges still maintain weak positive correlations. When viewed edge-on, particles in the foreground/background disk (the wing region) in the bar area constitute the main velocity peak, whereas the particles in the bar contribute to the high-velocity tail, generating the

correlation. If we remove the wing particles, the LOSVDs of the particles in the outer part of the bar only exhibit a low-velocity tail, resulting in a negative

correlation, whereas the core areas in the central region still show weakly positive correlations. We discuss implications for IFU observations on bars, and show that the variation of the

correlation in the disk galaxy may be used as a kinematic indicator of the bar and the B/PS bulge.
Two-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Aided by General Relativity with Multidimensional Neutrino Transport
Authors: O’Connor Evan P. , Couch Sean M.
Published: February 2018

We present results from simulations of core-collapse supernovae in FLASH using a newly implemented multidimensional neutrino transport scheme and a newly implemented general relativistic (GR) treatment of gravity. We use a two-moment method with an analytic closure (so-called M1 transport) for the neutrino transport. This transport is multienergy, multispecies, velocity dependent, and truly multidimensional, i.e., we do not assume the commonly used “ray-by-ray” approximation. Our GR gravity is implemented in our Newtonian hydrodynamics simulations via an effective relativistic potential that closely reproduces the GR structure of neutron stars and has been shown to match GR simulations of core collapse quite well. In axisymmetry, we simulate core-collapse supernovae with four different progenitor models in both Newtonian and GR gravity. We find that the more compact proto–neutron star structure realized in simulations with GR gravity gives higher neutrino luminosities and higher neutrino energies. These differences in turn give higher neutrino heating rates (upward of ∼20%–30% over the corresponding Newtonian gravity simulations) that increase the efficacy of the neutrino mechanism. Three of the four models successfully explode in the simulations assuming GREP gravity. In our Newtonian gravity simulations, two of the four models explode, but at times much later than observed in our GR gravity simulations. Our results, in both Newtonian and GR gravity, compare well with several other studies in the literature. These results conclusively show that the approximation of Newtonian gravity for simulating the core-collapse supernova central engine is not acceptable. We also simulate four additional models in GR gravity to highlight the growing disparity between parameterized 1D models of core-collapse supernovae and the current generation of 2D models.
Frequency, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome of Gastrointestinal Disease in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis
Authors: Eriksson Per , Segelmark Mårten , Hallböök Olof
Published: February 2018

Objective.

Involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a rare complication of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The aim was to describe frequency, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of GI disease in a large series of patients in a single center.

Methods.

A database that includes all patients with GPA and MPA diagnosed since 1997 in a defined area of southeastern Sweden as well as prevalent older cases and tertiary referral patients was screened for patients with GI disease. Data were retrieved from the patient’s medical records, and GI manifestations of vasculitis were defined as proposed by Pagnoux,et alin 2005.

Results.

Fourteen (6.5%) of 216 consecutive patients with GPA/MPA had GI manifestations. Abdominal pain and GI bleeding were the most common symptoms. Radiology was important for detection of GI disease, while endoscopy failed to support the diagnosis in many patients. Because of perforation, 5 patients underwent hemicolectomy or small intestine resection. Primary anastomosis was created in 2/5 and enterostomy in 3/5 patients. One patient had a hemicolectomy because of lower GI bleeding. One sigmoid abscess was treated with drainage, and 1 intraabdominal bleeding condition with arterial coiling. Two patients died from GI disease. GPA and MPA patients with and without GI disease exhibited a similar overall survival.

Conclusion.

GI disease was found in 6.5% among 216 patients with GPA or MPA. Surgery was judged necessary only in cases with GI perforation or severe bleeding. Multidisciplinary engagement is strongly recommended.
Increased Levels of Soluble Programmed Death Ligand 1 Associate with Malignancy in Patients with Dermatomyositis
Authors: Chen He , Peng Qinglin , Yang Hanbo , Yin Liguo , Shi Jingli , Zhang Yamei , Wang Guochun
Published: February 2018

Objective.

To investigate the levels of soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) and evaluate its association with malignancy in patients with dermatomyositis (DM).

Methods.

Levels of sPD-L1 were measured in serum from 88 DM patients without malignancies (sDM), 40 with cancer-related DM (CRDM), and 30 healthy controls (HC) using ELISA. The CRDM subjects were divided into new-onset cancers (nCRDM) and stable cancers (sCRDM). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff sPD-L1 value that distinguished patients with nCRDM from those who were sDM. Serum antitranscriptional intermediary factor 1-γ (TIF1-γ) antibodies were detected using immunoblot, and the diagnostic values for malignancy were compared with sPD-L1 levels in patients with DM.

Results.

Serum sPD-L1 levels were significantly higher in sDM [median 12.3 ng/ml, interquartile range (IQR) 8.4–16.2] than in HC (median 1.3 ng/ml, IQR 0.4–2.2, p = 0.0001). Extremely high sPD-L1 levels were seen in nCRDM (median 18.5 ng/ml, IQR 13.8–22.4), much higher than those in sCRDM (median 8.5 ng/ml, IQR 6.8–11.8, p = 0.0001). The sPD-L1 levels in 4 patients with nCRDM decreased after curative cancer treatment (p = 0.013). ROC curve analysis revealed that the sPD-L1 value distinguishing nCRDM from sDM was 16.1 ng/ml, with an area under the curve value of 0.72 ± 0.04 (p = 0.0001). The combination of sPD-L1 and anti-TIF1-γ antibodies yielded greater specificity and positive predictive value in diagnosing cancer, reaching values of 95% and 70%, respectively.

Conclusion.

Serum sPD-L1 levels increased significantly in sDM, and markedly high sPD-L1 levels could be a diagnostic indicator for malignancies in patients with DM, especially in those with anti-TIF1-γ antibodies.
Feasibility, Validity, and Reliability of the 10-item Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Short Form in Outpatients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kasturi Shanthini , Szymonifka Jackie , Burket Jayme C. , Berman Jessica R. , Kirou Kyriakos A. , Levine Alana B. , Sammaritano Lisa R. , Mandl Lisa A.
Published: February 2018

Objective.

To assess the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Short Form (PROMIS10) in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods.

SLE outpatients completed PROMIS10, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), LupusQoL-US, and selected PROMIS computerized adaptive tests (CAT) at routine visits at an SLE Center of Excellence. Construct validity was evaluated by correlating PROMIS10 physical and mental health scores with PROMIS CAT, legacy instruments, and physician-derived measures of disease activity and damage. Test-retest reliability was determined among subjects reporting stable SLE activity at 2 assessments 1 week apart using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results.

A diverse cohort of 204 out of 238 patients with SLE (86%) completed survey instruments. PROMIS10 physical health scores strongly correlated with physical function, pain, and social health domains in PROMIS CAT, SF-36, and LupusQoL, while mental health scores strongly correlated with PROMIS depression CAT, SF-36, and LupusQoL mental health domains (Spearman correlations ≥ 0.70). Active arthritis, comorbid fibromyalgia (FM), and anxiety were associated with worse PROMIS10 scores, but sociodemographic factors and physician-assessed flare status were not. Test-retest reliability for PROMIS10 physical and mental health scores was high (ICC ≥ 0.85). PROMIS10 required < 2 minutes to complete.

Conclusion.

PROMIS10 is valid and reliable, and can efficiently screen for impaired physical function, pain, and emotional distress in outpatients with SLE. With strong correlations to LupusQoL and SF-36 but significantly reduced responder burden, PROMIS10 is a promising tool for measuring patient-reported outcomes in routine SLE clinical care and value-based healthcare initiatives.
Communicating science: The profile of science journalists in Spain
Authors: Cassany Roger , Cortiñas Sergi , Elduque Albert
Published: February 2018

Science journalists are mainly responsible for publicly communicating science, which, in turn, is a major indicator of the social development of democratic societies. The transmission of quality scientific information that is rigorously researched and understandable is therefore crucial, and demand for this kind of information from both governments and citizens is growing. We analyzed the academic profiles of a representative sample of practicing science journalists in Spain to clarify what training they had received and how they perceived the quality and scope of this training. Using an ethnographic methodology based on a survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with science journalists working for the main Spanish media (mainly printed press, audiovisual, Internet and news agencies), we analyze their academic backgrounds and collect information on their opinions and proposals. Our findings depict a complex and heterogeneous scenario and also reveal that most science journalists not only do not have any scientific training, but also do not even consider this to be necessary to exercise as science reporters. They also criticize the current system for training journalists and consider that the best way of learning the profession is by acquiring experience on the job.

El periodista científico es uno de los principales responsables en la cadena de transmisión e interpretación hacia la sociedad de toda noticia, novedad o avance de carácter científico. A su vez, una información científica rigurosa, comprensible y de calidad es, además, un indicador del desarrollo social. La demanda de este tipo de información crece cada día en nuestras sociedades, tanto por parte de los gobiernos como de los ciudadanos. Por este motivo, y con el objetivo de esclarecer cuál es el perfil de los periodistas científicos que deben lidiar con tal responsabilidad, cómo se han formado y cómo ellos mismos creen que deberían haber sido formados, en esta investigación analizamos los perfiles académicos (tanto el real como el ideal) de estos profesionales en España. Utilizando una metodología etnográfica, basada en entrevistas, cuestionarios y focus group con periodistas científicos que trabajan en los principales medios españoles, analizamos su trayectoria académica y sus consideraciones y propuestas al respecto. Los resultados muestran un escenario complejo y heterogéneo, pero también revelan que la mayoría de los periodistas científicos no solo no goza de una titulación universitaria en el ámbito científico, sino que tampoco la considera necesaria. Los periodistas científicos son críticos con el sistema educativo y consideran que la mejor forma de aprender es trabajar en los medios, más que estudiar.
Prosumers and emirecs: Analysis of two confronted theories
Authors: Aparici Roberto , García-Marín David
Published: February 2018

In the 1970s, the publications of Alvin Toffler and Jean Cloutier were essential for the emergence of two concepts, prosumer, and emirec, whose meanings have been mistakenly equated by numerous scholars and researchers. At the same time, the mercantilist theories linked to prosumption have made invisible the models of communication designed by Cloutier. In this article, configured as a review of the state of the art made from an exhaustive documentary analysis, we observe that, while the notion of prosumer represents vertical and hierarchical relations between companies and citizens, Cloutier's emirec evokes a horizontal relationship and an isonomy between professional and amateur media creators. The prosumption presents an alienated subject, which is integrated into the logic of the market under free work dynamics and from the extension of time and productive spaces, while the emirec is defined as a potentially empowered subject that establishes relations between equals. The theory of the prosumer reproduces the hegemonic economic model by seeking solutions from the field of marketing so that the media and entertainment industries must face the challenges they have to face in the digital world. On the contrary, the emirec theory connects with disruptive communicative models that introduce new relationships between media and audiences and the establishment of logic of affinity between communication participants.

En los años 70, las publicaciones de Alvin Toffler y Jean Cloutier resultan esenciales para el surgimiento de dos conceptos, prosumidor y emirec, cuyos significados han sido equiparados de forma errónea por numerosos académicos e investigadores. De forma paralela, las teorías mercantilistas vinculadas a la prosumición han invisibilizado a los modelos de comunicación entre iguales de Cloutier. En este artículo, configurado como una revisión del estado de la cuestión realizada a partir de un exhaustivo análisis documental, observamos que, mientras que la noción de prosumidor representa unas relaciones verticales y jerárquicas entre las fuerzas del mercado y los ciudadanos, el emirec de Cloutier evoca a una relación horizontal y una isonomía entre comunicadores profesionales y amateurs. La prosumición presenta un sujeto alienado e integrado en la lógica del mercado bajo dinámicas de trabajo gratis y a partir de la extensión del tiempo y los espacios productivos, mientras que el emirec se define como un sujeto potencialmente empoderado que establece relaciones entre iguales. La teoría del prosumidor pretende la reproducción del modelo económico hegemónico buscando soluciones desde el ámbito del marketing a los constantes desafíos que la industria de los medios y el entretenimiento deben afrontar en el mundo digital. Por contra, la teoría del emirec conecta con modelos comunicativos disruptivos que introducen nuevas relaciones entre medios y audiencias y el establecimiento de la lógica de la afinidad entre los participantes de la comunicación.
Épidémie d’intoxications oxycarbonées lors de la crue de la Seine au printemps 2016
Authors: Dufayet Laurène , Médernach Chantal , Bassi Clément , Garnier Robert , Langrand Jérôme
Published: February 2018

Introduction : De fortes précipitations en mai 2016 ont provoqué une crue de grande ampleur de la Seine et de ses affluents. L’analyse de cet évènement exceptionnel a montré qu’il est susceptible de se reproduire et à plus grande échelle. Les conséquences sanitaires ont été moins abordées notamment la survenue d’intoxications collectives accidentelles par le monoxyde de carbone (CO) dues à une source inhabituelle : l’utilisation de pompes de drainage à moteur thermique. Méthodes : Les affaires d’intoxication collective par le CO dues à l’utilisation de pompes de drainage au printemps-été 2016 ont été recherchées rétrospectivement dans la base de données du système régional de surveillance des intoxications oxycarbonées en Île-de-France. Résultats : Cinq affaires ont été identifiées. Au total, on dénombrait 45 personnes exposées dont 34 intoxiquées, cinq non intoxiquées et six personnes pour lesquelles les données ne permettaient pas de conclure. Trois personnes ont présenté des signes de gravité et deux ont bénéficié d’une oxygénothérapie hyperbare. Les autres intoxiqués ont été pris en charge en milieu hospitalier et traités par oxygénothérapie au masque. Tous ont guéri. Discussion : Lors d’inondations, les intoxications collectives par le CO sont des évènements sanitaires fréquents et potentiellement graves, qui peuvent survenir pendant l’évènement ou dans les jours qui suivent. Une meilleure sensibilisation des professionnels, ainsi qu’une meilleure information, voire l’usage de détecteurs de CO lors de la location d’appareils à moteur thermique à des particuliers, permettraient de prévenir ces intoxications lors de futures catastrophes climatiques.
Développement d’un cours francophone en ligne sur les politiques publiques en santé : une collaboration internationale
Authors: Hébert Réjean , Coppieters Yves , Pradier Christian , Williams-Jones Bryn , Brahimi Cora , Farley Céline
Published: February 2018

Objectif : Présenter le processus et les défis du développement d’un cours en ligne sur les politiques publiques en santé, conçu en collaboration internationale selon une approche par compétences. Méthodes : Cinq experts de santé publique épaulés d’un expert en technologie éducative ont travaillé à l’élaboration du cours en adoptant une démarche rigoureuse : analyse des besoins, élaboration des cibles et des compétences visées, développement d’un scénario pédagogique comportant pour chaque module la cible visée, les éléments de contenu, la méthode d’enseignement, les activités d’apprentissage, le matériel à identifier ou à développer et les responsabilités et tâches impliquées. Résultats : Le cours d’études supérieures de deux crédits (90 heures de travail) comprend six modules dont un module d’intégration. Les modules débutent par des études de cas variées : loi sur le tabac (paquet neutre), sites d’injection supervisée, logement, réseaux intégrés de services pour personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie, programme de prévention pour les futures mères en milieux défavorisés, port obligatoire du casque de vélo. Les modules 1, 3, 4 et 5 visent l’apprentissage des différentes étapes du développement des politiques publiques : émergence, formulation et adoption, mise en œuvre et évaluation. Le module 2 porte sur l’importance des valeurs et des idéologies dans les politiques publiques. Le module d’intégration permet aux étudiants d’appliquer les connaissances acquises et aborde le rôle des experts dans les politiques publiques et les considérations éthiques. Conclusion : Le cours est intégré aux programmes d’études supérieures des universités participantes et permet à des étudiants de suivre à distance une formation innovante.
La réhospitalisation en psychiatrie. Facteurs individuels, facteurs organisationnels
Authors: Plancke Laurent , Amariei Alina , Flament Clara , Dumesnil Chloé
Published: February 2018

Position du problème : La réhospitalisation psychiatrique constitue souvent un critère pour apprécier les effets des traitements médicamenteux, des thérapies ainsi que ceux des changements d’organisation dans le système de soins. Elle est employée pour juger une rechute ou une décompensation. Le but de cette étude est de mesurer les taux de réhospitalisation et rechercher les facteurs individuels et organisationnels qui sont à l’origine de variations significatives. Méthodes : Les réhospitalisations psychiatriques ont été décrites à partir des séjours hospitaliers à temps complet enregistrés dans le Recueil d’informations médicalisé en Psychiatrie (RimP) en 2011 et 2012, concernant des personnes de 18 ans et plus, habitant dans le Nord et le Pas-de-Calais. Des probabilités de réhospitalisation, à différents intervalles de temps, ont été calculées selon la méthode d’analyse de survie de Kaplan-Meier et une analyse multivariée a été menée par le modèle de risques proportionnels de Cox. Résultats : Environ 30 000 personnes majeures ont été hospitalisées à temps complet en services de psychiatrie pendant la période d’étude. La probabilité de réhospitalisation à 24 mois est de 51,6 % (IC95 % : 50,8-52,3 %). Selon les résultats du modèle de Cox, la schizophrénie (F2 – HR = 1,72 – IC95 % : 1,61-1,84 – p < 0,0001) et les troubles de la personnalité (F6 – HR = 1,45 – IC95 % : 1,32-1,58 – p < 0,0001) sont les diagnostics les plus liés à la réhospitalisation. Celle-ci augmente avec la perte d’autonomie et est plus élevée dans les établissements privés non lucratifs (HR = 1,49 – IC95 % : 1,38-1,60 – p < 0,0001). Conclusion : La réhospitalisation psychiatrique est un événement très fréquent, le risque de sa survenue étant lié non seulement à des facteurs individuels mais également organisationnels.
Les mineurs isolés étrangers et le système de soins français : étude qualitative
Authors: Guégan Marion , Rivollier Elisabeth
Published: February 2018

Objectif : Avant l’obtention de leur assurance maladie, les Mineurs isolés étrangers (MIE) sont susceptibles de consulter dans une Permanence d’accès aux soins de santé (PASS). Cette étude a eu pour objectif d’étudier leurs représentations et ressentis du système de soins français. Méthodes : Étude qualitative à partir d’entretiens individuels semi-dirigés avec des MIE ayant consulté dans une PASS, puis pris en charge dans le droit commun. Déclaration à la CNIL et validation de la méthodologie par un comité éthique. Résultats : Au total, 21 jeunes ont été interviewés. Ils expriment leur satisfaction à propos des soins, même si le système de soins est vécu comme complexe. L’ordonnance est primordiale car elle permet l’obtention des médicaments, but ultime de leur accès aux soins. L’assurance maladie n’est pas connue de tous. Les PASS sont souvent assimilées à l’hôpital, ses missions et les dépistages sont mal compris. Le médecin généraliste n’est pas toujours identifié et son rôle est mal connu. Les éducateurs apparaissent aux MIE comme des déterminants de l’accès aux soins et sont considérés comme de véritables piliers. La santé est primordiale pour tous. Aucun n’évoque la santé mentale. Conclusion : Les MIE nécessitent une meilleure information sur leurs droits en santé et sur le système de soins de France. Sont à améliorer la formation des éducateurs sur l’accompagnement en santé, leurs connaissances sur les droits des MIE et sur les rôles des intervenants en santé. Le dépistage des pathologies mentales est à développer.
L’émergence de la question de la sécurité des patients en France
Authors: Mougeot Frédéric , Occelli Pauline , Buchet-Poyau Karine , Robelet Magali , Touzet Sandrine , Michel Philippe
Published: February 2018

Introduction : L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre les conditions d’émergence de la thématique de la sécurité des soins dans le débat public et les limites de sa mise en œuvre dans le système de santé actuel. Méthodes : Une revue narrative de la littérature a été réalisée. Les bases de données PubMed, Cairn et Persée ont été interrogées. Résultats : L’interrogation des bases de données a référencé 2 206 documents dont 48 ont été retenus. La thématique de la sécurité des patients s’est diffusée à l’échelle mondiale et a émergé tardivement en France. La difficile émergence de la sécurité des soins en France est notamment liée à l’euphémisation du problème de la sécurité des patients, à la difficulté du passage au raisonnement systémique, à la carence en leviers de gestion des ressources humaines et à la place ambiguë des patients dans la sécurité des soins.
Perception du travail et bien-être chez le personnel de santé au Maroc
Authors: Laraqui Omar , Manar Nadia , Laraqui Salwa , Boukili Mehdi , Ghailan Tarik , Deschamps Frédéric , El Houssine Laraqui Chakib
Published: February 2018

Objectif : Évaluer le bien-être et la perception du travail chez les professionnels de soins au Maroc. Méthodes : Cette enquête observationnelle et transversale, menée par auto-questionnaire, a intéressé les structures hospitalières de trois villes. La population-cible comprenait 2 453 fonctionnaires qui constituaient l’ensemble des médecins et des paramédicaux ayant au moins deux années d’ancienneté. Résultats : Mille neuf cent cinquante et un soignants ont participé à l’enquête (29,4 % médecins et 70,6 % paramédicaux). L’âge moyen était de 40,3 ± 10,1 ans. 79,8 % consommaient quotidiennement du thé et 59,6 % du café pour se stimuler au travail. 13,9 % étaient fumeurs et 5,5 % consommaient de l’alcool. La prise de médicaments était de 28,1 % pour les antalgiques et de 11,6 % pour les psychotropes. Les prévalences respectives du ressenti général de la santé étaient « mauvais ou très mauvais » pour 14,1 % à 24,5 %. Les symptômes perçus variaient de 20,4 % à 26,2 %. Les douleurs et les maux de tête étaient les plus fréquents. 53,9 % ressentaient « souvent et en permanence » du stress au travail. Les exigences du travail étaient considérées « dures » ou « très dures » par 32,1 % à 46,2 %. Le lieu de travail ne convenait pas à 37,2 %, le salaire à 39,4 %, la quantité de travail à 39,8 % et le rythme à 43,2 %. Les relations avec les collègues (ambiances de travail et confiance) convenaient respectivement à 55,6 % et 65 %. Les relations avec les supérieurs convenaient à 15,6 % et la confiance accordée à 13,8 %. En dehors du travail, le soutien social perçu était élevé. Conclusion : L’évaluation du bien-être et des risques professionnels perçus par le personnel de soins doit être une des missions prioritaires des services de santé au travail en milieu hospitalier marocain.
Real-Time Observation of Apathy in Long-Term Care Residents With Dementia: Reliability of the Person–Environment Apathy Rating Scale
Authors: Jao Ying-Ling , Mogle Jacqueline , Williams Kristine , McDermott Caroline , Behrens Liza
Published: February 2018

Apathy is prevalent in individuals with dementia. Lack of responsiveness to environmental stimulation is a key characteristic of apathy. The Person–Environment Apathy Rating (PEAR) scale consists of environment and apathy subscales, which allow for examination of environmental impact on apathy. The interrater reliability of the PEAR scale was examined via real-time observation. The current study included 45 observations of 15 long-term care residents with dementia. Each participant was observed at three time points for 10 minutes each. Two raters observed the participant and surrounding environment and independently rated the participant's apathy and environmental stimulation using the PEAR scale. Weighted Kappa was 0.5 to 0.82 for the PEAR-Environment subscale and 0.5 to 0.8 for the PEAR-Apathy subscale. Overall, with the exception of three items with relatively weak reliability (0.50 to 0.56), the PEAR scale showed moderate to strong interrater reliability (0.63 to 0.82). The results support the use of the PEAR scale to measure environmental stimulation and apathy via real-time observation in long-term care residents with dementia. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(4), 23–28.]
Videoconferencing for Management of Heart Failure: An Integrative Review
Authors: Bauce Karen , Fahs Deborah B. , Batten Janene , Whittemore Robin
Published: February 2018

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease associated with poor prognosis, poor quality of life (QOL), and high medical costs among older adults. Monitoring symptoms, interpreting symptoms, and decision making are self-care skills required for effective HF management. Telemonitoring (TM) is increasingly used to reduce incidence of symptom exacerbation leading to rehospitalization. An integrative review was performed to describe the efficacy of TM interventions that include videoconferencing (VC) on the HF outcomes of hospital service s use, self-care, and QOL. A review of 11 studies using VC combined with remote physiological monitoring demonstrated promising results in all areas except self-care. Additional research is needed to better specify the goals of VC interventions, the mechanisms by which VC interventions improve health outcomes, and the effect of VC interventions with adults of diverse race and ethnicity. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(4), 45–52.]
Effect of mix design on the size-independent fracture energy of normal- and high-strength self-compacting concrete
Authors: Cifuentes H. , Ríos J. D. , Gómez E. J.
Published: February 2018

Self-compacting concrete has a characteristic microstructure inherent to its specific composition. The higher content of fine particles in self-compacting concrete relative to the equivalent vibrated concrete produces a different fracture behavior that affects the main fracture parameters. In this work, a comprehensive experimental investigation of the fracture behavior of self-compacting concrete has been carried out. Twelve different self-compacting concrete mixes with compressive strength ranging from 39 to 124 MPa (wider range than in other studies) have been subjected to three-point bending tests in order to determine the specific fracture energy. The influence of the mix design and its composition (coarse aggregate fraction, the water to binder ratio and the paste to solids ratio) on its fracture behavior has been analyzed. Moreover, further evidence of the objectivity of the size-independent fracture energy results, obtained by the two most commonly used methods, has been provided on the self-compacting concrete mixes.
Le développement expérimental en situation de projet
Authors: Berthier Stéphane
Published: February 2018

L’activité de recherche et développement (R&D) regroupe les travaux de la recherche fondamentale, de la recherche appliquée et du développement expérimental. Ce dernier concerne les travaux d’expérimentation pratique obtenus à partir d’installations pilotes ou de prototypes. Cet article vise à explorer cette notion de développement expérimental appliquée à l’architecture grâce à l’analyse détaillée de trois projets de l’agence Lipsky+Rollet : les logements étudiants du campus de Troyes, la Maison de l’Inde à la Cité universitaire de Paris et le concours « Habitat positif » à Boulogne. Chacun de ces trois projets repose sur des modes constructifs en bois innovants qui expérimentent les qualités techniques, physiques et écologiques du matériau. Le travail des architectes porte sur la recherche de compatibilités possibles entre des dispositifs constructifs initialement développés dans l’isolement de leurs secteurs industriels réciproques. Ces sous-ensembles techniques préfabriqués doivent alors trouver leurs places dans la complexité du projet d’architecture qui les assemble selon ses propres règles et ses objectifs multiples. Cette étape de prototypage en situation de projet est cruciale car, selon la formule d’Edgar Morin, « une société qui n’expérimente plus n’innove plus, elle doit alors importer des modèles ». Cette activité expérimentale fait du projet architectural un outil de connaissance. L’édifice ne doit plus être compris comme un simple domaine d’application de solutions techniques élaborées en amont, mais comme un milieu d’expérimentation nécessaire à leur développement. Son objet porte sur les synergies architecturales et techniques possibles entre des systèmes et des modes constructifs d’origines diverses qui n’ont jamais été pensés ensemble au préalable dans les domaines des recherches fondamentale et appliquée. L’exemple du travail de l’agence de Lipsky+Rollet nous montre ce que pourrait être une forme de R&D spécifique à l’architecture pour autant qu’elle parvienne à réformer un cadre professionnel inadapté, et à rendre explicites ses méthodes.
L’innovation de méthodes en urbanisme : freins et leviers d’une entreprise incertaine
Authors: Arab Nadia , Vivant Elsa
Published: February 2018

Cet article analyse des démarches qui veulent promouvoir des innovations méthodologiques dans les pratiques des professionnels de l’urbanisme. Ces démarches partagent l’intuition que ce renouvellement de méthodes peut être catalysé par la mobilisation d’artistes. Ces derniers ne sont pas appelés pour créer nécessairement une œuvre artistique, mais pour contribuer à une réflexion sur un espace urbain aux côtés de professionnels de l’urbanisme. Ces démarches sont expérimentales et créent une situation inhabituelle pour leurs parties prenantes. Elles éprouvent des méthodes et portent une attention nouvelle ou renouvelée aux techniques de l’immersion et de l’expérience sensible d’un territoire. Elles perturbent des conventions, des habitudes professionnelles et des cadres opérationnels. Dans une première partie, cet article décrit quatre cas qui ont en commun de fonder le renouvellement des méthodes de l’urbanisme sur des approches in situ et in vivo des territoires. Puis il se penche sur les leviers et les freins de telles innovations de méthodes avant de conclure en se focalisant sur leurs promoteurs, que nous avons appelés « les entrepreneurs de méthodes », et qui jouent un rôle clé pour concevoir et faire advenir ces innovations méthodologiques.
c-Src–Dependent and –Independent Functions of Matk in Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts
Authors: Kim Jung Ha , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Seong Semun , Kim Nacksung
Published: February 2018

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src participates in bone metabolism by regulating the activities of both the bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. In this study, we investigated whether megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase (Matk), a potent inhibitor of c-Src, affects the functions of murine osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Results revealed that the formation of osteoclasts with actin rings was attenuated by Matk overexpression in osteoclast precursor cells but was enhanced by Matk knockdown. The inhibitory effect of Matk on osteoclasts was closely related with the inhibition of c-Src activity. Intriguingly, Matk overexpression in osteoblasts reduced bone nodule formation. Conversely, Matk knockdown increased osteoblast function. Most importantly, binding of Matk to Runx2 resulted in the inhibition of Runx2 translocation into the nucleus and downregulation of Runx2 target genes. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that Matk plays a critical role in bone metabolism by impairing the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts via distinct mechanisms involving inhibition of c-Src–dependent and –independent signaling pathways.
A Cross Sectional Study of the Association between Sanitation Type and Fecal Contamination of the Household Environment in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Huda Tarique Md. Nurul , Schmidt Wolf-Peter , Pickering Amy J. , Mahmud Zahid Hayat , Islam Mohammad Sirajul , Rahman Md. Sajjadur , Luby Stephen P. , Biran Adam
Published: February 2018

We conducted a cross sectional study to assess 1) the association between access to basic sanitation and fecal contamination of sentinel toy balls and 2) if other sanitation factors such as shared use and cleanliness are associated with fecal contamination of sentinel toy balls. We assessed sanitation facilities in 454 households with a child aged 6–24 months in rural Bangladesh. We defined “basic” sanitation as access to improved sanitation facilities (pit latrine with a slab or better) not shared with other households. In each household, an identical toy ball was given to the target child. After 24 hours, the balls were rinsed to enumerate fecal coliforms as an indicator of household fecal contamination. Households with basic sanitation had lower fecal coliform contamination than households with no access to basic sanitation (adjusted difference in means: −0.31 log10 colony forming units [CFU]/toy ball; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.61, −0.01). Shared sanitation facilities of otherwise improved type were more likely to have visible feces on the latrine slab compared with private facilities. Among households with access to improved sanitation, households with no visible feces on the latrine slab had less toy ball contamination than households with visible feces on the latrine slab (adjusted difference in means: −0.38 log10 CFU/toy ball; 95% CI: −0.77, 0.02). Access to basic sanitation may prevent fecal contamination of the household environment. An Improved sanitation facility used by an individual household may be better in preventing household fecal contamination compared with improved facilities shared with other households.
Effect of Groundwater Iron on Residual Chlorine in Water Treated with Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Tablets in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Naser Abu Mohd. , Higgins Eilidh M. , Arman Shaila , Ercumen Ayse , Ashraf Sania , Das Kishor K. , Rahman Mahbubur , Luby Stephen P. , Unicomb Leanne
Published: February 2018

We assessed the ability of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) to provide adequate chlorine residual when used to treat groundwater with variable iron concentration. We randomly selected 654 tube wells from nine subdistricts in central Bangladesh to measure groundwater iron concentration and corresponding residual-free chlorine after treating 10 L of groundwater with a 33-mg-NaDCC tablet. We assessed geographical variations of iron concentration using the Kruskal–Wallis test and examined the relationships between the iron concentrations and chlorine residual by quantile regression. We also assessed whether user-reported iron taste in water and staining of storage vessels can capture the presence of iron greater than 3 mg/L (the World Health Organization threshold). The median iron concentration among measured wells was 0.91 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.36–2.01) mg/L and free residual chlorine was 1.3 (IQR: 0.6–1.7) mg/L. The groundwater iron content varied even within small geographical regions. The median free residual chlorine decreased by 0.29 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.27, 0.33, P < 0.001) for every 1 mg/L increase in iron concentration. Owner-reported iron staining of the storage vessel had a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 41%, and negative predictive value of 98% for detecting > 3 mg/L iron in water. Similar findings were observed for user-reported iron taste in water. Our findings reconfirm that chlorination of groundwater that contains iron may result in low-level or no residual. User reports of no iron taste or no staining of storage containers can be used to identify low-iron tube wells suitable for chlorination. Furthermore, research is needed to develop a color-graded visual scale for iron staining that corresponds to different iron concentrations in water.
Challenges in Assessing Combined Interventions to Promote Linear Growth
Authors: Deichsel Emily L. , Tickell Kirkby D. , Long Jessica E. , Jumbe Nelson L. , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Walson Judd L.
Published: February 2018

Despite the recognition of stunting as a public health priority, nutritional and nonnutritional interventions to reduce or prevent linear growth failure have demonstrated minimal impact. Investigators and policymakers face several challenges that limit their ability to assess the potential benefits of combining available interventions into a linear growth promotion package. We use two common but very different interventions, deworming and multiple micronutrient supplements, to illustrate barriers to recommending an optimal linear growth promotion package based on the currently available literature. These challenges suggest that combining individual- and population-based as well as model-based approaches would complement existing research using systematic review, meta-analysis, and factorial randomized trials, and help integrate existing fields of research to inform the development of optimal linear growth promotion packages for children living in resource-limited settings.
Molecular Detection of Anaplasma, Bartonella, and Borrelia theileri in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Korea
Authors: Kang Jun-Gu , Chae Jeong-Byoung , Cho Yoon-Kyoung , Jo Young-Sun , Shin Nam-Shik , Lee Hang , Choi Kyoung-Seong , Yu Do-Hyeon , Park Jinho , Park Bae-Keun , Chae Joon-Seok
Published: February 2018

Anaplasmosis, cat-scratch disease, and Lyme disease are emerging vector-borne infectious diseases in Korea. Although the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in domestic animals and vector arthropods has been documented, there is limited information on the presence of VBPs in wild animals. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), a wild canid found in East Asia and Europe, represents a potential wildlife reservoir for zoonotic diseases. To investigate the prevalence of VBPs in raccoon dogs, 142 carcasses and 51 blood samples from captured raccoon dogs were collected from 2003 to 2010 and from 2008 to 2009, respectively, in Korea. In addition, 105 Haemaphysalis flava (14 larvae, 43 nymphs, 32 males, and 16 females) and nine Haemaphysalis longicornis (all female) were collected from three raccoon dogs. Samples of the spleen and blood were tested for the presence of VBPs by using nested polymerase chain reaction. Among the samples collected from 193 raccoon dogs and 114 ticks, two samples were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, four for Anaplasma bovis, two for Borrelia theileri, and two for Bartonella henselae. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest survey of raccoon dogs aimed at the analysis of VBPs in this species. Moreover, the present study represents the first identification of A. phagocytophilum, B. henselae, and B. theileri in raccoon dogs in their native habitat (East Asia).