bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure-Activity Relationships of Pyrimidine Derivatives and their
Biological Activity - A Review
Authors: Anthoni Samy Helina Navis , Natarajan Ramalakshmi , Sivaperuman Amuthalakshmi , Subramani Arunkumar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Heterocycles play a major role in many fields of biochemical and physiological
such as amino acids, DNA bases, vitamins, endogenous neurotransmitters, etc. Nitrogencontaining
heterocyclic compounds play a vital role in medicinal chemistry and exhibit notable biological
and pharmacological activities. In the past two decades, scientists focused more on the diverse
biological activities of pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is a six-membered heterocyclic
compound, and it is present naturally in nucleic acid components (uracil, thymine, and cytosine) and
vitamin B1; it is a promising lead molecule for synthesising compounds with various substitutions to
treat various diseases.

Objective:

We focused on the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidine derivatives and its various
biological activities reported from 2010 to date.

Results:

From this review, we concluded that the position of substituents in the pyrimidine nucleus
greatly influences biological activities. Thus, the pyrimidine nucleus showed anti-microbial, anticancer,
anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, antihypertensive, anthelmintic, antidepressant,
analgesic, anti-hyperglycemic activities, etc.

Conclusion:

This study provides an overview of the pyrimidine nucleus and its derivatives from
2010 to date. There is a future scope for identifying a lead molecule for the target biological activity.
Synthesis and Potential Antidiabetic Properties of Curcumin-Based
Derivatives: An In Vitro and In Silico Study of α-Glucosidase and
α-Amylase Inhibition
Authors: Adibi Hadi , Khodarahmi Reza , Ezati Mohammad , Ghavamipour Fahimeh , Khosravi Narges , Sajedi Reza H. , Chalabi Maryam , Farokhi Alireza
Published: May 2022

Background:

Over the past twenty years, the prevalence of diabetes as one of the most
common metabolic diseases has become a public health problem worldwide. Blood glucose control is
important in delaying the onset and progression of diabetes-related complications. α-Glycosidase (α-
Glu) and α-amylase (α-Amy) are important enzymes in glucose metabolism. Diabetic control through
the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes is established as an effective strategy.

Methods:

In this study, curcumin-based benzaldehyde derivatives with high stability, bioavailability,
and favorable efficiency were synthesized.

Results:

The results showed that L13, L8, and L11 derivatives have the highest inhibitory effect on
α-Glu with IC50 values of 18.65, 20.6, and 31.7 μM and, also L11, L13, and L8 derivatives have the
highest inhibitory effect on α-Amy with IC50 value of 14.8, 21.8, and 44.9 μM respectively. Furthermore,
enzyme inhibitory kinetic characterization was also performed to understand the mechanism of
enzyme inhibition.

Conclusion:

L13, compared to the other compounds, exhibited acceptable inhibitory activity against
both enzymes. The L13 derivative could be an appropriate candidate for further study through the
rational drug design to the exploration of a new class of powerful anti-diabetic drugs considering the
antioxidant properties of the synthesized compounds. The derivative helps reduce the glycemic index
and limits the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.
In vivo, in vitro and Molecular Modelling Analysis of Isoquercetin, Roseoside, Coreximine, Anonaine, and Arianacin Molecules
Authors: Azarkan Serap Yalcin , Ata Fatma Kübra , Ercan Fahriye
Published: May 2022

Background:

Annona muricata is a member of the Annonaceae family. This plant has a high concentration of acetogenin, which gives it excellent therapeutic property. Researchers have tested this miraculous herb in breast cancer cells treatment and observed that it could be a source of anti-cancer agents. The proposed study focused on screening the anticancer biological activity of Annona muricata plant by using the in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods.

Methods:

In in vitro analysis, the IC50 was determined on two-dimensional and three-dimensional breast cancer cells. 2D cells were cultured on flat dishes typically made of plastic, while 3D cells were cultured using the hanging drop method. In in vivo analysis, Drosophila melanogaster was preferred, and the LC50 was determined. In in silico analysis, molecular docking studies have been carried out on the different classes of Annona muricata acetogenins against the target proteins. Nearly, five acetogenins were selected from the literature, and docking was performed against human Bcl-2, Bad and Akt-1 proteins.

Results:

In vitro and in vivo results revealed the IC50 value of 2D MDA-MB-231 cells as 330 μg.mℓ-1, of 2D MCF-7 cells as290 μg.mℓ-1, and of 3D MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells about 0.005 g.mℓ-1; the LC50 value of Drosophila melanogaster was determined as 0.1 g.mℓ-1. In silico results revealed that the docked complex formed by Isoquercetin showed better binding affinity towards target proteins.

Conclusion:

As a result of the analysis, the Annona muricata plant has been observed to be effective against cancer and likely to be a potential drug.
Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Water Solutions Using Dispersive Solid-Phase
Extraction Method with 2-aminopyridine/graphene Oxide Nano-Plates
Authors: Abniki Milad , Moghimi Ali
Published: May 2022

Background:

The effluent release containing heavy metals as Cd (II) ions has drastic risks to both the natural environment and human health. In this research, a novel nano sorbent from the pyridine derivative was prepared for dispersive solid-phase extraction of Cd (II) ions.

Methods:

Graphene oxide (GrO) was chemically modified by a 2-aminopyridine group (2Ap) through a multistep procedure. The affection of adsorbent amount, pH, temperature, equilibrium time on its sorption with Gr2Ap adsorbent was studied and Gr2Ap adsorbent displayed a high ability to adsorb Cd (II) at pH=6. Furthermore, to inquire about the adsorption isotherms of metal ions sorption mechanism, the model of Freundlich and Langmuir was fitted to empirical isotherm data. Besides, to inspect the basic process of the metal sorption mechanism pseudo-first and second-order kinetic, and Roginsky-Zeldovich types were compatible with adsorption kinetic results.

Results:

The concentration factor and limit of detection for Cd (II) were 12.5 and 1.84 µg/L, respectively. According to the value of the correlation coefficient factor, that the Gr2Ap adsorbent exhibits the highest ability to adsorb Cd (II) ions (22.54 mg/g) at pH=6. The pseudo-second-order pattern of Cd (II) adsorption fits best with the kinetic result.

Conclusion:

The Gr2Ap exhibited a high potential for removing the heavy metal ions from aqueous samples. Besides, the current research was shown an efficient, easy, inexpensive, and selectable method for evaluating the Cd (II) ions in several samples of water and wastewater.
Comparative Real Life Egyptian Experience of the Combination of Sofosbuvir
Plus Daclatasvir or Simeprevir for 12 Weeks in Naïve Cirrhotic Patients
Infected with HCV Genotype 4
Authors: A. Wahsh Engy , Ahmed Sayed , Hassan Essam , Gomaa Ahmed , Esamat Gamal , Ramadan Ahmed , Ahmed Manar , Elsayed Aya
Published: May 2022

Background:

Chronic infection with HCV is progressive worldwide health problem and
the core reason for liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV-G4 represents
the most common threat to transplantation of the liver in Egypt. New interferon-free regimens
have been started consuming direct-acting antiviral oral tablets for HCV cure.

Objectives:

In the current study, comparing the safety and efficacy of DAAs combination regimens
including sofosbuvir with daclatasvir or sofosbuvir with simeprevir plus ribavirin for naïve cirrhotic
Egyptian patients infected with HCV-G4 was our main goal.

Methods:

We recruited 150 naïve cirrhotic HCV patients from the Tropical patients’ clinic at Fayoum
General Hospital. They were classified randomly into two groups, group one (n=75 patients)
were administrated Sofosbuvir plus simeprevir (400 mg and 150 mg once daily respectively ) for
twelve weeks, and group two (n=75 patients) were administrated Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir (400
mg and 60 mg once daily respectively) with ribavirin (1-1.2 gm daily weight-based) for twelve
weeks. Clinical follow-up, laboratory investigations, and viral PCR were measured to detect treatment
efficacy, safety, and any adverse events.

Results:

Sustained virological response rates (SVR12) were 92%and 90.7% in the first and second
groups, respectively. The major unfavorable events were fatigue, arthralgia, and weight loss without
statistically meaningful differences between study groups. However, anemia and headache
were significantly widespread in the second group (P=0.0161 and 0.0495, respectively). We observed
four patients with photosensitivity in group I and not observed in the second group.

Conclusions:

The current study revealed that DAAs are safe and effective in the cure of naïve cirrhotic
patients chronically infected by HCV-G4 with better results in those treated with sofosbuvir
plus simeprevir regimen.
Berbamine Exerts an Anti-oncogenic Effect on Pancreatic Cancer by Regulating Wnt
and DNA Damage-related Pathways
Authors: Chen Gang , Hu Bingren , Yang Yingnan , Tu Jinfu , Cai Huajie , Yang Shouzhang , Chen Xinwei
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the effects of berbamine on pancreatic cancer as well as the underlying
mechanisms.

Methods:

The pancreatic cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of berbamine and then subjected to
cell viability assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis detection. Western blotting and immunofluorescence
analyses were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of berbamine on
the pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-pancreatic cancer effect of berbamine was examined using a
mouse xenograft model.

Results:

Berbamine significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony-forming ability of BxPC3 and PANC-1 pancreatic
cancer cells while inducing a cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, berbamine decreased the expression of β-
catenin and phosphorylation of GSK3β but increased the expression of γ-H2AX and 53BP1. Meanwhile, in vivo studies
revealed that berbamine attenuated the growth of xenograft tumors derived from PANC-1 cells. Notably, berbamine
treatment led to an increase in the expression of Cleaved Caspase 3 and γ-H2AX, as well as a decrease in the expression
of Ki-67 and β-catenin in the tumor xenografts.

Conclusion:

Berbamine exerts an anti-pancreatic cancer effect, possibly by regulating Wnt and DNA damage-related
pathways, suggestive of its therapeutic potential for pancreatic cancer.
On the Regulation of NF-κB Pathway by HPV Oncoproteins: Are Pathway Inhibitors
a Good Alternative for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer?
Authors: Jave-Suárez Luis F. , Garcia-Becerra Natalia , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana
Published: May 2022

Cervical Cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent cancer-related pathologies in the female population. It is considered the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in developing countries. The most important etiological factor for the development of CC is the persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus. HPV-oncoproteins have evolved to modulate cellular mechanisms to permit viral replication and the generation of new infectious viral particles. When the viral infection persists, there is an uncontrolled viral protein expression essential to commence and maintain the transformation of infected cells. Different cell pathways are affected during the transformation stage, including the NF-κB signaling pathway. NF-κB controls different cellular mechanisms, and its role is critical for various processes such as immunity, inflammation, cell differentiation, growth, and survival. NF-κB plays a double role in the development of CC. Evidence suggests that in the early stages of viral infection, the NF-κB activity impairs viral transcription and is beneficial to avoid cellular immortalization. However, in the advanced stages of cervical carcinogenesis, the activation of the NF-κB correlates with poor prognosis. Here we show and discuss some aspects of NF-κB activity during the development of CC and the use of NF-κB inhibitors to treat this pathology.
Effect of Pulicaria mauritanica on Glucose Metabolism and Glycogen
Content in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Azzane Amine , Amssayef Ayoub , El-Haidani Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of Pulicaria mauritanica.

Background:

Pulicaria mauritanica is a medicinal and aromatic plant used for the treatment of many diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, and intestinal disorders.

Objective:

The main goals of this present paper were to confirm the antihyperglycemic capacity of aqueous extract from Pulicaria mauritanica in normoglycemic and diabetic rats over a period of time (7 days of treatment).

Methods:

The effect of the aqueous extract of Pulicaria mauritanica from aerial parts (AEPM) on glucose and lipid metabolism was tested using an acute test (single dose during 6 hours) and sub-chronic assay (repeated oral administration for seven days) at a dose of 60 mg/kg, the serum glucose levels were measured in normoglycemic and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the glycogen content in the liver, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus was evaluated. The antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, and quantification of some secondary metabolites of this extract were also performed.

Results:

AEPM at a dose of 60 mg/kg reduced the plasma glucose concentrations significantly in STZ-induced diabetic rats after a single oral administration (p<0.05), this lowering effect became more significant during the repeated oral administration in hyperglycemic rats (p<0.0001). Also, the findings showed that this plant exhibited a significant increase in liver and skeletal soleus muscle glycogen content in diabetic rats. AEPM revealed a remarkable antioxidant activity in addition to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols, glucides, terpenoids, quinones, anthraquinones, and mucilage.

Conclusion:

The study shows that AEPM exhibits antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats and it increases liver and muscle glycogen content.
The Role of Human Platelet-rich Plasma to Enhance the Differentiation of
Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cardiomyocyte: An Experimental
Study
Authors: Suryawan I.Gde Rurus , Andrianto  , Anggaraeni Arifta Devi , Agita Arisya , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: May 2022

Background:

Several studies showed that Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) can differentiate into mesenchymal lineages, including cardiac cell types, but complete differentiation into cardiomyocytes is challenging. . Unfortunately, the optimal method to maximize AMSCs differentiation has not yet established. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) which contains rich growth factors, is believed could stimulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the context of cardiac tissue regeneration.

Objective:

To analyze the effect of PRP administration to enhance the differentiation of AMSCs into cardiomyocytes.

Methods:

This study used a randomized post-test-only controlled group design. AMSCs were isolated
from adipose tissues and cultured for 4 passages. The samples were divided into 3 groups, a
negative control group (α-MEM), a positive control group (differentiation medium), and a treatment
group (PRP). The assessment of GATA-4 expression was conducted using flow cytometry on
day-5. The assessment of troponin expression was conducted using immunocytochemistry on day-
10. Data analysis was conducted using T-test and One-Way ANOVA.

Results:

Results: Flowcytometry of GATA-4 expression revealed a significant improvement in PRP group compared to negative and positive control group (67.04 ± 4.49 vs 58.15 ± 1.23 p < 0.05; 67.04  4.49 vs 52.96 ± 2.02 p < 0.05). This was supported by the results of immunocytochemistry on troponin expression, which revealed significant improvement in the PRP group compared to negative and positive controls (38.13 ± 5.2 vs 10.73 ± 2.39 p < 0.05; 38.13  5.2 vs 26.00  0.4 p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

PRP administration in the AMSCs culture could significantly improve the differentiation of AMSCs into cardiomyocytes measured by GATA-4 and troponin expressions. This was concordant with our hypothesis, which stated that there was an effect of PRP administration on AMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
Genetic Markers as Predictors for Response to Treatment and Possible
Therapeutic Targets in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Torres-Espíndola Luz-María , Pérez-Pineda Perla-Lidia , Ortiz-Butrón Rocío , Pérez-De Marcos Juan-Carlos , Hernández-Regino Laura M. , Zapata-Tarrés Marta-Margarita
Published: May 2022

Background:

Medulloblastomas (MB) are the most common malignant brain tumors in the
pediatric age. In 2021, WHO categorized medulloblastomas into two groups: molecularly defined and
histologically defined medulloblastomas. Molecularly defined medulloblastomas are divided into WNTactivated
medulloblastoma, SHH-activated and TP53-wildtype medulloblastoma, SHH-activated, and
TP53-mutant and non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma, which include Group 3 (MYC) and Group 4
(CDK6 and MYCN). In this paper, we will focus on molecularly defined medulloblastomas.

Objective:

This paper aims to review the literature in order to describe the molecular structure of the
medulloblastoma groups and to emphasize the importance of genetic predictors in medulloblastoma
that can be used in clinical practice, either as a prognostic tool or as a therapeutic target in the future.

Results:

Each molecular subtype of medulloblastoma presents a different prognosis, and the molecular
subtype with the best prognosis is medulloblastoma-activated WNT. It has even been observed that a
reduction in the intensity of the combined treatment does not modify the prognosis of the patients, resulting
in even fewer adverse effects due to the treatment. On the other hand, it was observed that the
subtypes with the worst prognosis are medulloblastomas with activated MYC and medulloblastomas with
activated SHH and mutated TP53, due to their high capacity to metastasize or to their radio-resistance.
However, a new target therapy has emerged that could help improve the prognosis in these patients.

Conclusion:

The deeper knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in the appearance and progression
of medulloblastomas will allow us to offer a prognosis at the time of diagnosis and more specific
treatments through the development of the targeted therapy.
Betulinic Acid Exerts Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Periodontal
Ligament Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and/or High Glucose
Authors: Zhu Chunxia , Hu Ping
Published: May 2022

Background:

Diabetic patients have weakened periodontal ligaments and an increased
risk of periodontitis due to uncontrolled glycemia. Betulinic acid (BA), a hypoglycemic drug, has
anti-inflammatory activities.

Objectives:

The current study aimed to explore the protective effect of BA on the inflammation in
human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or high
glucose (HG) status and its mechanisms of action.

Methods:

Human PDLCs were exposed to LPS and/or HG, with or without BA intervention. The
production of nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were quantified by Griess reaction
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Immunoblotting analyses were employed
to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-
2), as well as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-
B (NF-κB) in human PDLCs.

Results:

The increased production of iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 and increased phosphorylated
levels of IκBα, JNK, and p38 can be detected in human PDLCs with LPS and/or HG situations,
while increased phosphorylated ERK can be seen in cells under only LPS condition. Furthermore,
the non-toxic concentration of BA (10 μM) prevented NF-κB and MAPKs activation and partly but
significantly reversed the induction of COX-2/ PGE2 and iNOS/NO in human PDLCs with LPS
and/or HG loaded.

Conclusion:

BA was proved for the first time to protect human PDLCs from the LPS-induced and/or
HG-induced inflammation, which works through the mechanism involving the action of MAPKs
and NF-κB. signaling pathways. Thus, BA could be used to alleviate diabetic complications of periodontitis.
Pancreatic Macrophages and their Diabetogenic Effects: Highlight on Several
Metabolic Scenarios and Dietary Approach
Authors: Jirillo Emilio , Lisco Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito Angelo , De Pergola Giovanni , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: May 2022

Background:

Evidence shows that a low-grade inflammation sustains type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pancreatic macrophages release cytokines and chemokines that play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of islet damage and destruction of beta-cells.

Pathogenesis:

The authors discuss the main mechanism by which resident (pancreatic) and circulating macrophages regulate beta-cell development and survival in several scenarios, including T2D, type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and insulin resistance. Data are mostly related to in vitro and animal studies.

Natural Products:

Lastly, an overview of the role of the Mediterranean diet components (i.e., polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and vitamins) will be illustrated as potential agents for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with T2D when used along with antihyperglycemic treatments.
Berberine: Is it a Promising Agent for Mental Disorders Treatment?
Authors: Shayganfard Mehran
Published: May 2022

2:

Effective and better-tolerated agents for treatment of most of psychiatric disorders are one of the main challenges. Recently, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants and neuroprotective agents as adjuvant therapy have been shown to be able to take role against the degenerative mechanisms commonly related to psychiatric conditions. Berberine, a biological active alkaloid derived from various plants, represents many pharmacological impacts, such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This compound also protects neurons and improves the survival, growth and action of nerve cells due to its high potential for crossing the blood-brain barrier. Ample evidence reported that berberine has been associated with CNS-related disorders including Alzheimer's, cerebral ischemia, mental depression, schizophrenia and anxiety. Thus, in this review we aimed to indicate the effectiveness of berberine on mental disorders.
Evaluation of the Effect of Chelating Arms and Carrier Agents on t he
Radiotoxicity of TAT Agents
Authors: Alvandi Maryam , Farzipour Soghra , Shaghaghi Zahra , Raeispour Marziyeh , Jalali Fatemeh , Yazdi Amirhossein
Published: May 2022

Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) is considered an evolving therapeutic option for cancer
cells, in which a carrier molecule labeling with an α-emitter radionuclide make the bond with a
specific functional or molecular target. α-particles with high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) own
an increased Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) over common β-emitting radionuclides.
Normal tissue toxicity due to non-specific uptake of mother and daughter α-emitter radionuclides
seems to be the main conflict in clinical applications. The present survey reviews the available
preclinical and clinical studies investigating healthy tissue toxicity of the applicable α -emitters
and particular strategies proposed for optimizing targeted alpha therapy success in cancer patients.
Advances in Data Repositories for ncRNA-Protein Interaction Predictions
Based on Machine Learning: A Mini-Review
Authors: Huang Xiaoqian , Yan Jing , Qu Wenyan , Li Xiaoyi , Tan Jianjun
Published: May 2022

Background:

This study aims at exploring the advances in data repositories for predicting
interactions between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and corresponding proteins. NcRNAs are a
class of ribonucleic acid that lacks the potential for protein translation. A series of studies indicated
that ncRNAs play critical roles in epigenetic regulations, chromatin remodeling, transcription process,
and post-transcriptional processing. Since ncRNAs function with associated proteins during
complex biological procedures, it is important to identify ncRNA-protein interactions, which will
provide guidance for exploring the internal molecular mechanisms. Recently, a variety of machine
learning methods have emerged, with the lower cost and time-saving advantages compared to experimental
methods. In machine learning, the performance of classification models is often affected by
the quality of input samples and their features.

Aim:

Thus, the study intends to introduce the related data sources used in predicting ncRNAprotein
interactions (ncRPIs) based on machine learning.

Methods:

We searched related literature from different sources, including PubMed, Web of Science,
and Scopus, using the search terms “machine learning”, “repository”, “non-coding RNA”, and “protein”.
In this work, we described the databases applied to the dataset construction and feature representation
in the ncRPIs prediction task.

Results:

This study reviews the application of the benchmark dataset construction and conventional
feature representation during ncRPI prediction processes. Furthermore, the source, main functions,
and development status of each database are also discussed in this work.

Conclusion:

With the development of high-throughput technologies for generating ncRPIs and constructing
related databases, machine learning would become a necessary research means, enriching
the prediction methods of ncRPIs. Due to an increase in improved databases, the resources of molecular
structures, functions, and genetic information for data mining have increased, enhancing the
credibility of ncRPI prediction based on machine learning. We believe that the databases will be
more widely used in disease research, drug development, and many other fields.
Pharmacological Activity and Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids from
Diverse Millettia Plant Organs
Authors: Le Doux Kamto Eutrophe , Kamdem Boniface Pone
Published: May 2022

Background:

There has been increasing interest in the research of flavonoids from plant
sources because of their versatile effects reported in various biological studies. The bioavailability,
metabolism, and biological activity of flavonoids depend on the configuration, the total number of
hydroxyl groups, and the substitution of functional groups about their nuclear structure. Plant organs
are the main dietary source of flavonoids for humans and have been used as a remedy in traditional
medicine. Some examples include Millettia plants which have been reported to contain several flavonoids
with pharmacological activity against multifactorial diseases.

Aim of the Study:

The present study summarizes up-to-date and comprehensive information on the
pharmacological activity of flavonoids from plants of the genus Millettia.

Methods:

The literature information was obtained from published and unpublished materials (theses,
dissertations, and textbooks), retrieved from databases, such as Science Direct, SciFinder, PubMed
(National Library of Medicine), Scopus, Wiley, American Chemical Society, Springer, and Web of
Science.

Results:

Plants from the genus Millettia contain more than 400 different flavonoids, among which
approximately 100 flavonoids were pharmacologically active in in vitro or in vivo studies. These flavonoids
exhibited antioxidant, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, among others.

Conclusion:

Flavonoids from Millettia plants were reported to exhibit in vitro antioxidant, antiprotozoal,
anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities, etc. These compounds can be used as a starting point for
the development of new agents against multifactorial diseases. However, more in vivo experiments,
cytotoxicity tests, and detailed mechanism of action of Millettia bioactive flavonoids should be investigated.
Biochanin-A: A Bioactive Natural Product with Versatile Therapeutic
Perspectives
Authors: Ramachandran Vadivelan , V Inba Kumar , hr Kiran Kumar , Tiwari Ruchi , Tiwari Gaurav
Published: May 2022

Background:

Biochanin-A (5,7 dihydroxy 4 methoxy isoflavone), a phytochemical phytoestrogen that serves as a protector/saviour of humans against various diseases. Biochanin-A is a nutritional and dietary isoflavonoid naturally present in red clover, chickpea, soybeans, etc, and various other herbs. The biochanin A possesses numerous biological activities.

Objective:

The study focused on collective data of therapeutic activities of Biochanin-A.

Method:

According to the literature, Biochanin-A revealed range of activities starting from chemoprevention, by hindering cell growth, activation of tumor cell death, hampering metastasis, angiogenic action, cell cycle regulation, neuroprotection, by controlling microglial activation, balancing antioxidants, elevating the neurochemicals, suppressing BACE-1, NADPH oxidase hindrance to inflammation, by mitigating the MAPK and NF- ĸB, discharge of inflammatory markers, up-regulating the PPAR-γ, improving the function of heme oxygenase-1, erythroid 2 nuclear factors, detoxifying the oxygen radicals and stimulating the superoxide dismutase action, and controlling its production of transcription factors. Against pathogens, biochanin-A acts by dephosphorylating tyrosine kinase proteins, obstructing gram-negative bacteria, suppressing the cytokines development from viruses, improving the action of a neuraminidase inhibitor, cleavage of caspase-3, and acts as an efflux pump inhibitor. In metabolic disorders, biochanin-A acts by encouraging transcriptional initiation and inhibition, activating estrogen receptors, increasing the activity of differentiation, autophagy, inflammation, and metabolism of blood glucose.

Conclusion:

Therefore, biochanin-A could be used as a therapeutic drug for various pathological conditions and treatments in humans.
Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Protection of Lithium-Ion
Power Battery
Authors: Lei Zhiguo , Zhai Jiawei , Wang Jiajun
Published: May 2022

The attention to electric vehicle (EV) development is still a hot topic. As an important
part of EV - power battery, its safety issue is still a major concern. The most recent research on TR
mechanism, inducement, and transmission is initially presented, and then the most recent research
status on TR protection is partially expanded using these concepts. Then the influence of the material
and design of the battery cell components on TR is introduced, and lastly, the safety
measures before and after TR are comprehensively reviewed. This paper serves as a summary of
previous TR research as well as a reference for future TR protection.
Development and Characterization of Nano-Structure Lipid Carrier-Based
Glabridin Cream for Cosmetic Use
Authors: Chauhan Iti , Singh Alok Pratap , Yasir Mohd , Verma Madhu , Majhi Sagarika , Singh Lubhan
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective:

Glabridin (Glab) is a polyphenolic flavonoid of licorice acclaimed
for its skin whitening properties. However, its poor solubility, low physicochemical stability
and inefficient percutaneous penetration create hurdles in the best use of this agent in dermocosmetic
application. The purpose of the present work was to prepare and evaluate Glabridinloaded
nanostructured lipid carrier (Glab NLC) in order to enhance its skin permeation, and hence,
promote its skin-whitening potential in cosmetic formulations. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)
has already proven its potential for drug delivery via the skin by offering various benefits, like high
tolerability, biocompatibility, high drug loading, improved stability, and close contact with stratum
corneum, leading to rich skin penetration and protection of bioactive from degradation.

Method:

NLC was prepared by solvent emulsification diffusion technique and was evaluated for
particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug loading and encapsulation, and in vitro drug
release. Optimized formulation was incorporated into a cream base, and its skin whitening activity
was evaluated. Glycerol monostearate (GMS) and olive oil were chosen as solid and liquid lipids
for NLC formulation.

Results:

The particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug release of optimized
formulation were found to be 189 nm, 0.259, -14.5mV, 94.56 %, and 98.86 ± 0.80 %, respectively.
The optimized NLC was incorporated into a suitable cream base and evaluated. The skin whitening
activity of Glabridin NLC cream was determined by performing tyrosinase inhibition activity. The
percentage inhibition value of GlabNLC loaded cream and Kojic acid against mushroom tyrosinase
was found to be 60.31% and 52.61%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The obtained results advocate lipid particles as an appropriate carrier of Glabridin for
skin whitening cosmetic cream.
Differences of laryngeal closure during the swallow between stroke and head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Deckelman Celia , Caldwell Ryleigh , Kim Youngsun , Park Taeok
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference of two laryngeal closure transition measures: initiation of laryngeal closure (ILC) and laryngeal closure duration (LCD) among stroke survivors, head and neck cancer survivors, and healthy age-matched controls.Methods: ILC and LCD were determined by analyzing two 5ml thin liquid swallows exhibited by each of the 15 stroke survivors, 15 head and neck cancer survivors, and 15 healthy controls from the videofluoroscopic swallowing examinations (VFSEs). Statistical analyses were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the three groups as independent variables with the statistical level set at p<0.05.Results: ILC was longer in stroke survivors compared to head and neck survivors and healthy controls; however, these results were only significant compared to controls. Head and neck cancer survivors exhibited significantly longer LCD when compared to healthy controls, but not to stroke survivors.Conclusions: Differential diagnosis based on swallowing pathophysiology is critical to manage and treat dysphagia in these populations.
Language sample analysis consideration and use: a survey of school-based speech language pathologists
Authors: Bawayan Rebecca , Brown Jennifer A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to extend previous knowledge on the language sample analysis (LSA) practices of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) by gathering information on the processes, procedures, clinical judgments, and decisions that current school-based SLPs make during the context of conducting an LSA.Methods: School-based SLPs responded to a survey on current practices, perceived knowledge, knowledge of current recommended practices, and education and training in LSA.Results: Results indicated the majority of school-based SLPs used LSA (90%) during evaluations to supplement information provided on norm-referenced tests and as a naturalistic language measure. However, the results also demonstrate a lack of knowledge of current recommended practices. The respondents, on average, only answered 50% of the knowledge questions correctly.Conclusions: Participant responses to knowledge and practice questions indicated a continued gap in current LSA practice including the context of collected samples, the transcription and recording process, and the analysis measures completed. Additionally, the results indicated a need to look closely at the undergraduate and graduate curriculum on LSA as the respondents indicated the largest amount of education and training coming from these programs.
A study on the working condition of speech-language pathologists in Korea
Authors: Lee Myoung Soon , Lee Eun Kyoung
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the employment type of speech-language pathologists, subscription of social security insurance, workplace, working hours, salary, and types of disability of the subjects to be treated, and analyze the information on the actual working conditions to utilize it in policy proposals for speech-language pathologists, considering the changes in economic structure and employment environment and their aspects.Methods: The study was conducted through an online Google questionnaire for speech-language pathologists. The total number of participants was 1,414. The results were processed using SPSS 25.0, and descriptive statistics were performed.Results: First, private speech therapy centers (731 people, 48.1%), social welfare facilities (240 people, 15.8%), and development centers attached to the hospital (164 people, 10.8%) were in order of the type of workplace of speech-language pathologists. Second, the types of work of speech-language pathologists were professional freelance workers (608 people, 44.9%), full-time jobs (551 people, 40.7%), contract workers of fixed payment (95 people, 7.0%), and contract workers of combination with fixed payment and rate system payment (65 people, 4.8%). Third, the insurance coverage of speech-language pathologists was in the order of four major insurances (862 people, 66.2%), non-insured (284 people, 21.8%), and two major insurances (148 people, 11.4%). Fourth, the numbers of speech-language pathologists workplaces were 1 workplace (689 people, 72.2%), 2 workplaces (206 people, 21.6%), others (36 people, 3.8%), and 3 workplaces (23 people, 2.4%).Conclusions: After COVID-19, there was a change in perception of the speech-language pathologists’ employment type. The results of this study will be used to improve the treatment of speech-language pathologists, such as through policy proposals for employment stability and the expansion of high-quality workplaces.
Etymology and grammatical gender of generic names in Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera)
Authors: Dmitriev Dmitry
Published: May 2022

The World Auchenorrhyncha Database comprises nomenclatural information for all known taxa in this suborder of Hemipteran insects (leafhoppers, planthoppers, treehoppers, cicadas, and spittle bugs). Of more than 110,000 included scientific names, 8,921 represent unique genus–group names (valid genera and subgenera as well as their synonyms). An attempt is being made to resolve the etymology of those names to clarify nomenclatural issues in this group of insects.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Peer-to-Peer Text Messaging Among Adolescents to Increase Clinic Visits and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing: Interrupted Times-Series Analysis
Authors: Lightfoot Marguerita , Jackson-Morgan Joi , Pollack Lance , Bennett Ayanna
Published: May 2022

Background

Adolescents are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Many youths with asymptomatic STI or related symptoms do not seek treatment and may not be screened if accessing the health care system for other reasons.

Objective

We examined intervention completion and changes in the number of new patients, the number of STI or HIV tests, and the sexual risk profile of patients over time to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a peer-driven text messaging strategy to connect youth to STI and HIV services.

Methods

The intervention enlisted consecutive patients at an adolescent medicine clinic to send a text message to 5 peers they believed were sexually active and lived in the clinic’s service area. The intervention was evaluated using an interrupted time-series design in which baseline clinic service levels were documented during a 35-week lead-in period, followed by a 20-week intervention implementation period, and a 16-week period of continued clinic observation. Clinic and patient data were obtained through chart abstraction from intake forms that occurred during the entire study period. Analyses conducted in 2015 used a generalized linear mixed model.

Results

Of the 153 patients approached to participate, 100 agreed to send SMS text messages. Most (n=55, 55%) reported no concerns with sending the text message. No adverse events or negative outcomes were reported. Adolescent STI testing, positive test results, and reported risk behavior increased post intervention, although this was not statistically significant, likely because of the small sample size.

Conclusions

Given low youth uptake of health care services, and STI/HIV screening, in particular, new strategies are needed to address access barriers. Common approaches for reaching youth are resource-intensive and often miss those not connected to school or community programs. The peer-based text messaging strategy showed promise for both increasing the number of youths accessing health services and finding youths engaging in sexual risk behaviors and most in need of sexual health screening and services.
The Influence of Perceived Social Presence on the Willingness to Communicate in Mobile Medical Consultations: Experimental Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Zhang Danyang , Hou Mutian
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

With the rise of online health care service, there is growing discussion on the relationship between physicians and patients online, yet few researchers have paid attention to patients’ perception of social presence, especially its influence on their willingness to communicate (WTC).

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the research is to investigate the influence of perceived social presence (PSP) on WTC in mobile medical consultations.

METHODS

Participants living in Yunnan province during the period of middle to high risk of COVID-19 infection were recruited via the internet. They were assigned randomly into 2 groups interacting with a virtual physician presenting high and low levels of social presence and then asked to complete a questionnaire. Based on the theoretical framework, the study puts forward a model evaluating the relationships among participants’ PSP, communication apprehension (CA), self-perceived communication competence (SPCC), and willingness to communicate about health (WTCH) in the computer-mediated communication between virtual physicians and patients.

RESULTS

In total 206 (106 in group 1 and 100 in group 2) valid samples were gathered (from 276 log-ins) and 88.8% (183/206) of them were aged 18 to 44 years, which approximately resembles the age distribution of the main population engaging in online medical consultation in China. Independent t test shows that there is significant difference between the PSP of the 2 groups (P=.04), indicating a successful manipulation of social presence. The total effect of PSP on WTCH is 0.56 (P<.001), among which 74.4% is direct effect (P<.001). Among the indirect effects between PSP and WTCH, the mediating effect of SPCC accounts for 68.8% (P<.001) and the sequential mediating effect of CA→SPCC accounts for 19.2% (P<.001), while the mediating effect of CA alone is not significant (P=.08).

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides a comprehensible model, demonstrating that PSP is an important antecedent of WTCH, and the sequential mediating effect of CA and SPCC found in this study also proves that in the environment of online mobile medical services, CA cannot affect communication directly. The findings will provide some practical inspiration for the popularization of online medical service, especially for the promotion of online physician-patient communication.
A transcultural perspective of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)-related fatigue: A systematic review and narrative synthesis (Preprint)
Authors: Tabudlo Jerick , Saligan Leorey
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of SLE worldwide yet remains poorly assessed and managed. The psycho-sociocultural underpinnings of fatigue are understudied; therefore, we conducted a systematic review to understand a transcultural perspective of SLE-related fatigue.

OBJECTIVE

To understand a transcultural perspective of SLE-related fatigue

METHODS

Following PRISMA systematic review guidelines, we searched CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and PubMed databases for all published articles covered until the search date. A 3-step process was used to identify articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Results were analyzed using narrative synthesis.

RESULTS

From 370 articles searched, 18 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this review. All studies enrolled primarily female participants, and half had cross-sectional designs. Although the race was not reported in all studies, most studies had Caucasians as the largest proportion of their samples. The majority (38.9%) was conducted in the United States of America. Using a narrative synthesis, the prominent themes drawn based on the domains of the Culture Care Theory (CCT) and the Sunrise Enabler were: SLE-related fatigue as (1) an integral component of the disease process, (2) a personal challenge, and (3) a psychosocial dimension.

CONCLUSIONS

Considering Leininger’s CCT and Sunrise Enabler, there are still gaps in the literature on how advances in technology, religion and philosophy, political climate, economic, educational factors, and the worldviews of particular geographic locations might influence SLE-related fatigue experience, assessment, and evaluation. Understanding SLE-related fatigue from different cultures improves accurate assessment and management. A culturally sensitive and congruent assessment and evaluation model should be developed to capture SLE-related fatigue experiences accurately. Also, since global migration is inevitable, advancement in symptom management strategies should coincide with this.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not Applicable