bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple standing test without furosemide is useful in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Kimura Tomohiko , Ohnishi Mana , Kusano Takashi , Takenouchi Haruka , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Tatsumi Fuminori , Shimoda Masashi , Nakanishi Shuhei , Kaku Kohei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: August 2023

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a well-known cause of secondary hypertension. We have long performed the simple standing test in patients with PA. On the other hand, there are few reports on the usefulness of the simple standing test in PA. This study is a single-center, retrospective, observational study. A total of 173 patients with hypertension or adrenal tumor admitted to Kawasaki Medical School were included. Eighty patients who met the exclusion criteria were excluded, and 31 patients without PA (non-PA), 26 patients with unilateral PA, and 36 patients with bilateral PA were included in the study. The simple standing test was performed after 120 min of standing or sitting followed, and the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) and percentage of increase plasma aldosterone concentration (%increase of PAC) was calculated. The mean ARR in the simple standing test in unilateral PA (1143 (528–2200)) and bilateral PA subjects (521 (374–765)) were significantly higher compared to non-PA subjects (152 (102–240)) (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0013, respectively). The percentage increase of PAC after standing loading was significantly lower in unilateral PA subjects (110 (96–140)) compared to non-PA subjects (187 (155–244)) (p = 0.0003), with no difference between non-PA and bilateral PA subjects (p = 0.99). The cutoff value of the ARR in the simple standing test for diagnosis of PA in this study was 364 (AUC = 0.948, sensitivity = 83.8%, specificity = 93.5%, false positive rate = 3.7%, false negative rate = 25.6%, p < 0.001), which was not inferior to the diagnostic performance of the captopril loading test. The diagnostic performance of the simple standing test for PA was not inferior to that of the captopril loading test. The percentage increase of PAC in unilateral PA subjects was significantly lower compared to bilateral PA subjects. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the simple standing test, which can be performed simultaneously with general screening tests of PA.
The growth and developmental of the myodural bridge and its associated structures in the human fetus
Authors: Song Yang , Lai Hua-Xun , Song Ting-Wei , Gong Jin , Liu Bo , Chi Yan-Yan , Yue Chen , Zhang Jing , Sun Shi-Zhu , Zhang Cheng-Hong , Tang Wei , Fan Ning , Yu Wei-Hua , Wang Yi-Fei , Hack Gary D. , Yu Sheng-Bo , Zhang Jian-Fei , Sui Hong-Jin
Published: August 2023

Myodural bridge (MDB) is a dense connective tissue between suboccipital muscle and dura mater. However, there are few reports on the development and maturation of the human MDB. This study aims to explore the developmental relationship between suboccipital muscle and MDB. 30 head and neck specimens from human fetuses (F) ranging from the 12th to 41st week (W) were made into histological sections. The F12W sections showed evidence that the dura mater dominated by fibroblasts, attached to the posterior atlanto-axial membrane (PAAM) which completely sealed the atlanto-axial space. In the F13W stage, myofibrils of the suboccipital muscle fibers increased significantly in number. At the F14W stage, a gap was observed at the caudal end of the PAAM. Numerous myodural bridge-like structures were observed blending into the dura mater through the gap. At the F19W stage, muscle cells mature. Starting at the F21W stage, the MDB were observed as fibroblasts that cross the atlanto-axial interspace and attach to the dura mater. Therefore, the traction generated by the suboccipital muscles seems to promote the maturity of MDB. This study will provide new morphological knowledge to support future research on the function of the human MDB and regulating the development mechanism of MDB.
A spectIR-fluidic reactor for monitoring fast chemical reaction kinetics with on-chip attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Jia Nan , Torres de Oliveira Leon , Bégin-Drolet André , Greener Jesse
Published: August 2023

Infrared spectroscopy combined with customized microfluidic reactor yields the SpectIR-fluidic reactor. We validate the tool using a proton transfer reaction and demonstrate its ability to follow reactions after just 130 milliseconds of mixing.
Transition metal catalysts in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for organic wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Guo Jieru , Song Ge , Zhang Xuyang , Zhou Minghua
Published: August 2023

This work reviews transition metal catalysts for heterogeneous electro-Fenton, applied as suspended catalyst or modified cathode. The pollutant degradation performance and mechanism for H2O2 generation and activation to active species are discussed.
Ligand-passivated Au/Cu nanoclusters with uncoordinated sites give reaction turnover numbers of up to 4 × 104
Authors: Dong Lu , Yu Linke , Sun Xueli , Tang Xiongkai , You Xuexin , Tang Jiaqi , Nan Zi-Ang , Cao Dongxu , Jia Yanyuan , Li Simin , Li Fengyu , Guo Shuo , Shen Hui
Published: August 2023

A robust nanocluster of Au41Cu33(RS)40(MeCN) (RSH is 4-fluorothiophenol) has been obtained. Rich uncoordinated copper sites on the surface lead to its extremely high catalytic activity (up to 39 269 TON) in C–O coupling reactions.
Impact of ICTs on knowledge transfer in Moroccan organizations: The case of the energy sector
Authors: Boualou Widad , Mokhlis Chams Eddoha
Published: August 2023

In a short space of time, intangible capital has become the decisive driver of economic growth [1]. Indeed, sustainable competitive advantage is now linked to the capacity to innovate, based on the production of knowledge, the enrichment of knowledge, and the enhancement of skills. This is measured by three main indicators: research and development (R&D) expenditure, training, and the intensity of use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). Aware of the importance of preserving and valorizing knowledge, and concerned about their competitiveness in a constantly changing environment, companies are increasingly opting to manage their intangible capital and invest in ICTs. The way the companies use these technologies facilitates the acquisition, conservation, and sharing of both explicit and tacit knowledge. Indeed, the results of the study carried out for this article, using a dual qualitative/quantitative approach, lead us to the following conclusion: because of the quasi-immediacy of their effects, organizations have a definite interest in adopting ICTs to benefit from their use in a knowledge management dynamic.
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices and Environmental performance: The mediation role of Technology Innovation
Authors: El Hazbi Fadila , Mounir Younes
Published: August 2023

As the worldwide community grapples with the mounting challenges brought on by climate change, a growing concern has emerged among scholars and policymakers alike regarding the continued sustainability of corporate environmental performance. This concern is not baseless, it is incumbent upon the world’s corporations, as significant contributors to global emissions and resource consumption, to not just maintain, but also continually improve their environmental stewardship. Therefore, this study explores the role of technological innovation as a mediator between environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices and firms’ environmental performance (PE) within companies that had made a public offering. These companies were chosen due to their balance between profit-making and ESG considerations, given their high level of scrutiny and accountability. Using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach, the study simultaneously examined multiple relationships, making it well-suited to this exploratory research. The results affirm that the integration of ESG practices spurs technological innovation, subsequently enhancing environmental performance. Technological innovation is crucial in creating environmentally friendly products and processes, improving energy efficiency, and evolving waste management techniques. The findings highlight that strategic emphasis on ESG considerations and technological innovation can significantly uplift corporate environmental performance.
Audit profession and innovation: Emerging practices in the era of digital transformation and their relationship to the environment
Authors: Ez-Zaidi Asmae , Ghandari Youssef
Published: August 2023

The business world is being disrupted by information and communication technologies (ICTs). The digital race continues in its velocity with the evolution of any new technology. However, this change cannot go unnoticed by the measures that organizations are taking to maintain the sustainable development of our ecological sphere. Of course, the financial audit profession is fully committed to this approach. This article aims to enrich the lack of literature linking audit, digital and environment. It demonstrates the impact of the innovative practices that audit firms are adopting, in the era of digital transformation, on the protection of our natural environment. This research was initiated by a literature review exposing the state of knowledge on auditing and digital, the link between digital and the environment, to finally present the efforts that Morocco is deploying in the context of this transition. Then, to properly analyze our problem, we developed a quantitative study, using a questionnaire, for a sample of 38 financial auditors belonging to different hierarchical statuses. The results of our work prove that the actors in the audit field are aware of the environmental responsibility of their organizations. These professionals opt for digital means aimed at both customer loyalty, the promotion of innovation, but also the minimization of the harmful effects of pollution. This article serves as a starting point for audit firms to follow the path of organizations that have obtained environmental preservation certification.
The Initial Conceptions of Students in the Teaching Practice of Life and Earth Sciences Teachers in Morocco
Authors: Ghariz G. , Boucetta N. , Boubih S. , Al Alaoui M. , Janati Idrissi R. , Seghir H.
Published: August 2023

This study aims to describe the learning environment that can influence the construction of scientific concepts among Moroccan students. It focuses on the role of students’ initial conceptions in the teaching practice of Life and Earth Science (LES) teachers in Morocco. To conduct this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of collected data using a multiple-choice questionnaire, which aimed to understand the characteristics of the target group and the techniques employed to gather students’ initial conceptions of the ecosystem, as well as their declared and actual teaching practices. To compare our results, we considered two contexts: rural and urban, where the teachers operate. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that a majority of the surveyed teachers start by identifying students’ initial conceptions before approaching the teaching process. Additionally, the study found that debate and diagnostic testing are the most commonly utilized techniques for identifying and addressing students’ initial conceptions of the ecosystem. Furthermore, this analysis revealed that teachers do not take students’ conceptions into account when preparing the ecosystem learning sequence.
The environmental impact of using social networks in election campaigns
Authors: Hajri Oumaima , Daife Younès
Published: August 2023

Social media are a virtual reality to which many fields, such as politics, have had to adapt. These new media serve both political parties and voters, who now have easy and instant access to political information. We are therefore particularly interested in the communication of Moroccan political parties during the 2021 legislative elections. Through our study, we wanted to find out: what impact does the use of social networks in electoral campaigns have on the environment? We’re interested in the environmental aspect because election campaigns have always used leaflets and flyers as a means of communication, to the great detriment of the environment. This is also the case in Morocco. During the last legislative elections, despite the health crisis and the decision by public authorities to limit or even ban leaflet distribution in certain provinces, the streets were littered with paper. To answer our research question, we conducted a quantitative study covering the last legislative elections. Our study showed that political parties can run election campaigns without using leaflets, since our sample claimed to have followed these campaigns mainly through social networks. Also, the political party that won the elections was the one with the strongest digital footprint. Therefore, to limit the impact of election campaigns on the environment, it’s important to turn to digital, for a paperless approach that serves the goals of sustainable development.
Effect of Biological Biostimulator on Green bean Root Biomass
Authors: Tahiri Hassane , El yachioui Mohammed , khadmaoui Abderrazzak
Published: August 2023

The world population continues to grow, there is an urgent need to intensify efforts and innovate to sustainably increase agricultural production. Legumes such as green beans are an excellent source of vegetable protein. In Morocco, the cultivated area of green beans increased from 6,000 hectares in 2017 to 8,000 hectares in 2020, while agricultural production reached more than 200,000 tonnes. This is due to the integration of new agricultural strategies and the use of new monitoring programs. The use of biostimulants as organic fertilizers is proposed to improve crop quality and yield while ensuring greater sustainability of green bean cropping systems. To this end, we proposed to study the efficacy of a biological rooting biostimulant. The results indicate an average increase of 57.32% in root weight from the 90-day growth control and a 59.19% improvement in root length from the 90-day control. This biostimulant shows a very original efficacy in the development of the root system of the green bean plant
Study of Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Water from Ain Mkbrta Source in Morocco
Authors: Mouchane Mohamed , Taybi Hanan , Bargach Kaoutar , Elmniai Abderrahim
Published: August 2023

Springs water is underground water, considered purer than surface water. Its nature depends on the rocks and soils through which it flows. They can be highly charged with specific minerals, which explains why these waters do not meet drinking water standards, but they are widely used for therapeutic properties. In this current work, we investigated the physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of a water source known for its therapeutic effects, particularly in dermatology. We also examined the geological characteristics to understand the origin of the mineralization of these waters, with the aim of making better use of them on both a medical and economical levels. Ain Mkbrta source, 60 km from Fez city. It belongs to the Rif external domains (Rif Chain), and given its chemical composition, this spring is similar to the Moulay Yacoub hydrothermal spring, with a very pronounced odor due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide. The outcome of physico-chemical analysis of Ain Mkbrta spring showed a very high conductivity, a high hydrogen sulfide content and a wide variety of minerals in significant quantities, such as calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, sulfide, and chloride. Furthermore, Bacteriological analysis is moderately satisfactory, with low concentrations of fecal coliforms and revivable germs.
Advancements and Challenges in Energy-efficient 6G Mobile Communication Network
Authors: Slimani Khadija , Khoulji Samira , Kerkeb Mohamed Larbi
Published: August 2023

The arrival of 6G mobile communication networks is anticipated to revolutionize the technological landscape, bringing about profound innovations. This research paper explores the various technological advancements that will pave the way for the advent of 6G networks, with a particular focus on addressing energy consumption. It is widely recognized that energy efficiency plays a crucial role in the evolution of 6G networks. To enhance network performance, user experience, and resource management, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to be a pivotal technology. AI-based solutions can effectively optimize energy usage and contribute to the overall efficiency of 6G networks. Furthermore, the incorporation of wireless communication systems, telecommunication, and the Internet of Things (IoT) will be integral to the infrastructure of 6G networks. The need for significant enhancements in 6G networks is also examined in this study. Ensuring the safety and protection of 6G networks from cyber threats becomes increasingly important due to the growing reliance on networked communication and the sensitive nature of transmitted information. Cutting-edge security methods such as homomorphic encryption and blockchain technology may be essential in this regard. Moreover, this research paper explores the impact of 6G networks on various domains and discusses the challenges that must be overcome to unlock the technology’s full potential. To ensure responsible adoption and usage of 6G networks, the development of new business models and regulatory frameworks may be necessary to support their implementation while addressing energy consumption concerns.
Environmental awareness of human resources in Moroccan PEEs, a good CSR practice
Authors: El Medaker Reda , Mchich Rachid , Loukil Said
Published: August 2023

Social responsibility is now a concern shared by all economic agents. This article focuses on the environmental aspect, and more specifically on the awareness of employees of public establishments and companies in Morocco, in order to assess the situation of this “black box” in this context. We thus present the results of a small survey conducted among managers and employees of these organizations, with the aim of observing their level of awareness of environmental protection, the relationship of their Public Establishments and Enterprises (PEE) with this awareness-raising process, as well as their future prospects. Above all, this work aims to pave the way for research into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in this sector, and to highlight the importance of these strategies for the sector itself and for its stakeholders. Employee awareness is a key element in effectively integrating responsible practices into the day-to-day operations of public organizations. By understanding the current level of awareness, managers can develop action plans to strengthen this environmental consciousness.
Towards a new relationship: The construction of the marital couple through Facebook groups and its energetic impact on the environment
Authors: Rguibi Oumaima , Bouasria Leila
Published: August 2023

Facebook groups constitute a new area dedicated to marriage, providing a new space for encounters and first contact, in addition to the existing ones. Our approach was based on qualitative semi-structured interviews and virtual ethnography through participatory observation of two Facebook groups. This research allowed us to identify the different ways in which people meet within a Facebook group, and to highlight a key aspect of these groups: the shared intimacy of a couple’s life. In addition, it has exposed the increased energy consumption associated with the use of digital social networks. The purpose of this paper is to explore how Facebook groups can be a marriage platform for young people today, at the expense of the high energy consumption associated with intensive use of the platform.
Impact of the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma process within Moroccan environmental SMEs
Authors: El Attaoui Zuhair
Published: August 2023

Lean Six Sigma is a management approach used to improve the efficiency, quality and performance of processes within companies. When applied to environmental businesses in Morocco, Lean Six Sigma can bring several significant benefits. Lean Six Sigma aims to eliminate waste, inefficiencies and non-essential processes. By applying it to Moroccan environmental companies, it is possible to optimize operations, improve productivity and reduce costs. That can contribute to more efficient use of resources and better management of projects. Environmental companies have the primary mission of minimizing their impact on the environment. Applying Lean Six Sigma can help identify sources of pollution, reduce waste, improve energy efficiency and promote sustainable practices. That helps build their environmental credibility and meet stakeholder expectations. Lean Six Sigma emphasizes customer satisfaction and product or service quality. By integrating this approach, Moroccan environmental companies can improve their production processes, eliminate defects and errors, and provide better quality products and services to their customers. That can promote customer loyalty and increase their competitiveness in the market. The application of Lean Six Sigma within environmental companies in Morocco can bring significant benefits, such as improved operational efficiency, reduction of environmental impacts, improving the quality of products and services, strengthening the culture of continuous improvement and developing employee skills. This is the case that we have dealt with in This article in order to measure the Impact of the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma process within Moroccan environmental SMEs. By adopting That approach, Moroccan environmental companies can strengthen their competitiveness, environmental sustainability and ability to meet stakeholder expectations.
Understanding the impacts of brand identification and brand experience on customer engagement in the light of energy optimization
Authors: Bouziane Zakaria , Bendahou Chaimaa , Habiba Bensassi Nour
Published: August 2023

Building and fostering links between customers and brands is a major area of emphasis for both academia and business. Despite this interest, the function of conventional marketing strategies in the creation of such relationships has only recently been investigated. A novel framework for customer engagement from an experiential and identification viewpoint in energy optimization This article explores the intersection of customer engagement and energy optimization, highlighting how organizations can leverage energy efficiency initiatives to drive customer engagement, enhance brand identification, and contribute to a sustainable future. This research also reveals the variations in consumer development and the maintenance of customer engagement for industrial brands. Interviews were used to gather primary data, yielding 16 acceptable answers. The findings indicate that the dimensions of brand experiences have multiple effects on customer engagement in the energy optimization field.
Reducing Carbon Footprint with Real-Time Transport Planning and Big Data Analytics
Authors: Zrigui Ismail , Khoulji Samira , Larbi Kerkeb Mohamed , Ennassiri Ayoub , Bourekkadi Salmane
Published: August 2023

The growing concern about the impact of transportation on the environment has led to increased interest in developing more sustainable transportation systems. This paper presents a new approach to reduce carbon footprint by using real-time transport planning and big data analytics. The objective is to optimize transport operations, thereby reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

The current state of knowledge and the question posed in this paper is how to achieve sustainable transportation systems. To address this issue, the methodology used involves collecting data from traffic sensors and other sources to create real-time traffic models that can be used for optimal transport planning. Statistical modeling and machine learning techniques are applied to improve the accuracy of traffic predictions and optimize the routing of vehicles.

The main results of this study demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. By analyzing real-time traffic data and optimizing transport operations, it is possible to reduce carbon footprint significantly. The benefits of this approach extend beyond the environment, as it can also lead to cost savings for transportation companies and improve traffic flow for road users.

The consequences of this research are significant, as it offers a new solution for reducing the environmental impact of transportation. The proposed approach can be applied to a variety of transportation modes, including cars, trucks, and public transportation, and has the potential to be implemented in various cities and regions. By reducing carbon footprint, this approach can contribute to achieving global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as improve the overall sustainability of transportation systems.
Harnessing Machine Learning and Multi Agent Systems for Health Crisis Analysis in North Africa
Authors: Haitam Ettazi , Najat Rafalia , Jaafar Abouchabaka
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant global health challenge, including in Morocco. These actions had direct repercussions on the economy as well as essential institutions in society; however, there were also indirect effects from these changes. This article focuses on these indirect consequences on the environment’s sustainability. It demonstrates that the net effect has been good in terms of reduced carbon gases, oil exploration operations, and pollution. This study introduces a novel approach to predicting and simulating the pandemic’s dynamics in Morocco using machine learning and multi-agent system models. We collected and processed daily data on COVID-19 cases, deaths, and interventions in Morocco from March 2, 2020, to June 30, 2021. We developed and validated several machine learning models, including decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines, to predict daily COVID-19 cases and deaths. Additionally, we designed a multi-agent system model to simulate the interactions among individuals, social groups, and the government in response to the pandemic, using agent-based modelling and game theory. Our results indicate that the machine learning models achieved high accuracy and generalization performance, with an average R-squared value of 0.83 for the cases and 0.90 for the deaths. The multi-agent simulations reveal the complex dynamics and trade-offs among pandemic control measures, economic activity, and social welfare in Morocco, suggesting that a coordinated and adaptive approach is necessary to balance these factors. Our study contributes to the growing literature on using machine learning and multiagent systems for pandemic prediction and management, providing valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers and public health officials in Morocco and beyond.
Remediation of soil contaminated with Mn, Cu and Zn around the Mbembele mine in Gabon: Phytoremediation approach (Vetiveria zizanioides and Phacelurus gabonensis)
Authors: Bekoung Assoumou Rudy , Ondo Zue Abaga Norbert , Tayebi Mohamed
Published: August 2023

The ability of Vetiveria zizanioides and Phacelurus gabonensis to accumulate copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in the aerial parts and to mobilise them in the roots is applied. This investigation is based on the in situ observation of these plants, their biomass and the evaluation of the translocation capacity of each metal from roots to aerial parts.

A proliferation of both plants in culture was observed for three months, then harvested and analysed. Significant metal contents, on 250 mg of samples taken, are observed in the aerial parts of Phacelurus gabonensis (2028 ppm of Cu, 9 ppm of Zn and 7456 ppm of Mn) whereas (3854 ppm Cu, 268 ppm Zn 43005 ppm of Mn) in the roots. Vetiveria zizanioides records in the aerial parts 83 ppm Cu, 31 ppm Zn and 8761 ppm, Mn while in the roots there are 83 pm Cu, 1974 ppm Zn and 11930 ppm Mn. The ability to transfer these metals from the roots to the aerial parts is greater in Vetiveria zizanioides than in Phacelurus gabonensis despite the high metal concentrations in the aerial parts in Phacelurus gabonensis.The high concentrations of metals purified by Phacelurus gabonensis and Vetiveria zizanioides place them among the top ranks of phytoremediation.
Virale Bindehautentzündungen: Befunde, Therapie und
Prophylaxe
Authors: Kowanz Dominik H. , Rokohl Alexander C. , Heindl Ludwig M.
Published: August 2023

Besonders in den Winter- und Herbstmonaten füllen sie Augenarztpraxen und
Ambulanzen von Augenkliniken: Patienten mit stark geröteten, tränenden Augen,
die oftmals auch zusätzliche Allgemeinsymptome zu beklagen haben. Doch nicht
jede Bindehautentzündung wird durch respiratorische Erreger mit typischer,
saisonaler epidemiologischer Dynamik verursacht, bei bestimmten Erregern
manifestiert sich in erster Linie ein charakteristischer Hautbefund.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser der Transfusionsmedizin,
Authors: Schrezenmeier Hubert
Published: August 2023

Der eine wartet, dass die Zeit sich wandelt, der andere packt sie kräftig
an – und handelt

Dante
Regulatorische B-Zellen – immunpathologisches und
prognostisches Potenzial beim Menschen
Authors: Veh Johanna , Ludwig Carolin , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Jahrsdörfer Bernd
Published: August 2023

Regulatorische B-Zellen (Bregs) stellen eine heterogene Gruppe von B-Zellen dar,
welche in der Lage sind, inflammatorische Immunantworten zu
unterdrücken. Bregs tragen damit zur Aufrechterhaltung von Toleranz und
zur Immunhomöostase bei, indem sie laufende Immunreaktionen
räumlich und zeitlich begrenzen. Die herausragende Rolle von Bregs bei
der Eindämmung pathologisch überschießender
Entzündungsreaktionen, mit der sowohl Allergien, Autoimmunerkrankungen
und Transplantatabstoßungen, aber auch Infektionen, Neoplasien und
Stoffwechselerkrankungen einhergehen können, wurde in einer Vielzahl von
Tiermodellen nachgewiesen. Die ersten Studien zu Bregs identifizierten IL-10 als
funktionelles Schlüsselmolekül, weshalb die murine
IL-10-produzierende B10-Zelle noch immer als Prototyp für Bregs gilt und
IL-10 bei der Suche nach humanen Äquivalenten für Bregs lange im
Vordergrund stand. In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten wurde jedoch eine ganze Reihe
weiterer Moleküle entdeckt, die – teilweise auch
ausschließlich in humanen Bregs – zu ihrer immunsuppressiven
Funktion beitragen können. Zu diesem erweiterten Arsenal gehören
zum einen weitere entzündungshemmende Zytokine wie IL-35 und
TGF-β, aber auch Enzyme wie Granzym B, CD39/CD73 und IDO, sowie
Zelloberflächenproteine wie CD1d, PD-L1 und CD25. Ziel des vorliegenden
Übersichtsartikels soll es sein, die mutmaßliche Rolle von Bregs
insbesondere bei unterschiedlichen Humanpathologien zu beleuchten und dabei ihre
potenzielle therapeutische und prognostische Relevanz hervorzuheben.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni
Published: August 2023

die Akupunktur hat glücklicherweise in der westlichen Medizin in den letzten
Jahren deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM)
wird häufig als Ergänzung zur Schulmedizin eingesetzt, um
Beschwerden wie Schmerzen, Übelkeit oder Schlafstörungen zu lindern.
Doch wie verlässlich sind die Ergebnisse bei akupunkturunterstützten
Therapien in der Urologie?
Die Anatomie des Beckenbodens
Authors: Wolf-Vollenbröker Michael
Published: August 2023

Der Beckenboden ist ein komplexer Apparat, der aus mehreren Schichten von Muskeln
und Bindegewebe aufgebaut ist und den Beckenausgang verschließt. Er
weist mehrere Lücken auf, die dem Durchtritt der Ausscheidungs- und
Geschlechtsorgane dienen. Die verschließenden Muskelschichten
müssen den funktionellen Ansprüchen der Stabilität und
Dynamik zur möglichen Stuhl- und Harnkontinenz gerecht werden. Hierzu
bedarf es einer Vielzahl einzelner Muskeln, die aufgrund ihrer embryonalen
Herkunft, Funktion, Innervation und Topografie in verschiedene definierte
Muskelgruppen eingeteilt werden können. Diese Muskeln werden durch
Bindegewebsapparate (=Faszien und Ligamente des Beckenbodens)
unterstützt und in ihrer stabilisierenden und dynamischen Funktionsweise
ergänzt. Die Topografie dieser komplizierten Anatomie lässt sich
in kraniokaudaler und anteroposteriorer Richtung einteilen. Die Kenntnis dieser
Verhältnisse dient dem Verständnis pathologischer
Zustände, die insbesondere durch Alterung sowohl beim Mann als auch bei
der Frau zu beobachten sind.
An Approach to Nodal T- and NK-Cell Lymphomas—A Systemic Review
Authors: Parkhi Mayur , Bal Amanjit
Published: August 2023

T-cell lymphomas are rare neoplasms that have complex pathology. The multiparameter approach has been recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of T-cell lymphomas taking into account morphology, immunophenotype, genetics, and clinical features. This also includes division established on the possible cell-of-origin (COO) from T regulatory or T-follicular helper (TFH) cells. The recent WHO-HAEM5 has classified entities as precursor T-lymphoblastic neoplasms, mature T-cell neoplasms, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related T- and NK/T-cell lymphomas, and tumor-like lesions with T-cells predominance. Distinct entities have been recognized within the anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) family founded on the status of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement: ALK-positive and molecularly heterogeneous ALK-negative. The family of lymphomas arising from TFH cells consists of three distinct nodal TFH cell lymphoma entities: angioimmunoblastic-type, follicular-type, and not otherwise specified. These three entities show significant clinical and immunophenotypic overlap. The cases that do not qualify for ALCL or nodal TFH cell lymphomas are labelled as peripheral T-cell lymphomas-not otherwise specified after ruling out nodal EBV-positive T- and NK- cell lymphoma. The new category termed tumor-like lesions with T cell predominance has a high chance to be misdiagnosed as lymphoma. This category includes entities such as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation, and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. For pathologists, diagnosing nodal T-cell lymphomas may be thought-provoking due to their broad histopathologic spectrum that mimics reactive as well as other neoplastic processes. This review provides a comprehensive diagnostic criterion of the most commonly encountered nodal T-cell and NK cell lymphomas in day-to-day training and an algorithmic approach.
Word order evolves at similar rates in main and subordinate clauses
Authors: Jing Yingqi , Widmer Paul , Bickel Balthasar
Published: August 2023

In syntactic change, it remains an open issue whether word orders are more conservative or innovative in subordinate clauses compared with main clauses. Using 47 dependency-annotated corpora and Bayesian phylogenetic inference, we explore the evolution of S/V, V/O, and S/O orders across main and subordinate clauses in Indo-European. Our results reveal similar rates of change across clause types, with no evidence for any inherent conservatism of subordinate or main clauses. Our models also support evolutionary biases towards SV, VO, and SO orders, consistent with theories of dependency length minimization that favor verb-medial orders and with theories of a subject preference that favor SO orders. Finally, our results show that while the word order in the proto-language cannot be estimated with any reasonable degree of certainty, the early history of the family was dominated by a moderate preference for SVO orders, with substantial uncertainty between VO and OV orders in both main and subordinate clauses.
How reliable are light traps in estimating biting rates of adult Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in the presence of treated bed nets?
Authors: Magbity E.B. , Lines J.D. , Marbiah M.T. , David K. , Peterson E.
Published: August 2023

The sampling efficiency of light trap catches relative to human bait catches in estimating biting rates of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae Giles was investigated in two types of community in southern Sierra Leone: (i) where most of the inhabitants slept under treated bed nets; and (ii) where most of the inhabitants slept without bed nets. The number of female A. gambiae mosquitoes caught in these communities by light trap was strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.72) with those from corresponding human biting catches performed either on the same or adjacent nights. It was found that the relative sampling efficiency of light traps varied slightly but significantly with mosquito abundance in villages with treated bed nets, but not in those without them. Nevertheless, the relationship between relative sampling efficiency and mosquito abundance did not differ significantly between the two types of village. Overall, there was insufficient evidence to show that the presence of treated nets altered the relative efficiency of light traps and any bias was only slight, and unlikely to be of any practical importance. Hence, it was concluded that light traps can be used as a surrogate for human bait catches in estimating biting rates of A. gambiae mosquitoes in the two communities.
Temporal variation of RAPD–PCR phenotype composition of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat: the role of hydroxamic acids
Authors: Figueroa C.C. , Loayza-Muro R. , Niemeyer H.M.
Published: August 2023

Hydroxamic acids (Hx) contained in wheat are active mutagens which play an important role in the defence of the plant against aphids. Random amplified polymorphic DNA–polymerase chain reaction (RAPD–PCR) dominant markers were used to assess genetic variability in the aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) in relation to hydroxamic acid levels in their host-plants. Colonies of aphids belonging to a single RAPD–PCR profile were grown on different host-plants differing in their Hx content under greenhouse conditions. The RAPD–PCR phenotypic pattern showed the appearance of two new RAPD–PCR variants after four to five generations of exposure to wheat cv. Chagual (high Hx levels), one after exposure to wheat cv. Huayún (low Hx levels), and none after exposure to oat (lacking Hx). Differential appearance of new RAPD–PCR aphid phenotypes also occurred on field-grown wheat. While the overall phenotypic ‘richness’ diminished during the season, the number of RAPD–PCR phenotypes decreased on cv. Huayún and increased on cv. Chagual. The preferential appearance in the field and in the greenhouse of new RAPD–PCR phenotypes of S. avenae on cv. Chagual is discussed on the basis of mutagenesis induced by hydroxamic acids and by the products of their transformation within the aphid. Aphid abundance is interpreted in terms of antixenosis and antibiosis by hydroxamic acids. The appearance on cv. Chagual of phenotypes first detected on cv. Huayún was accounted for by intercrop migrations.
Tritrophic interactions between cabbage cultivars with different resistance and fertilizer levels, cruciferous aphids and parasitoids under field conditions
Authors: Kalule T. , Wright D.J.
Published: August 2023

Tritrophic interactions involving cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitatacultivars ± fertilizer, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the parasitoids Diaeretiella rapae (M’cIntosh) and Aphidius sp. were conducted in 1998 and 1999. Brevicorne brassicaewas the dominant aphid species on all cultivars ± fertilizer, except for some treatments in late season 1998. Ruby Ball (red-leaved with antixenosis factors for B. brassicae alates) ± fertilizer was consistently less colonized by aphids in early stages of plant growth, although only significantly so compared with Derby Day (green-leaved, susceptible to aphids) without fertilizer for B. brassicae and Minicole (green-leaved with antibiosis factors for B. brassicae) with fertilizer for M. persicae. In early 1999, only B. brassicae was present and no significant differences between cultivars were seen. In the mid to late season 1998, the highest aphid infestations were usually found on Derby Day, although only significantly so for B. brassicae, in some treatments. In 1999, higher aphid infestations were observed on Derby Day in mid to late season and some significant differences were found for M. persicae as well as for B. brassicae. In both years, Ruby Ball had the greatest mummy:aphid ratios early season, with no consistent difference between the other cultivars. Later in the season, mummy:aphid ratios were generally highest on Minicole. Parasitism differed in seasonal occurrence and relative abundance. Diaeretiella rapae mummies were found earlier than Aphidius sp. There was evidence of a beneficial interaction between the degree of plant resistance and biological control in early to mid season.
Natural enemies of lepidopterous borers on maize and elephant grass in the forest zone of Cameroon
Authors: Ndemah R. , Schulthess F. , Poehling M. , Borgemeister C. , Goergen G.
Published: August 2023

The importance, geographical and temporal distributions of parasitoids of lepidopterous borers on maize and elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum, were assessed during surveys in farmers’ fields in six villages and two on-station trials in the forest zone of Cameroon between 1995 and 1996. The borer species encountered were Busseola fusca (Fuller), Sesamia calamistis Hampson, Eldana saccharina Walker on both host plants, and Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot on maize only. Busseola fusca was the predominant host accounting for 44–57% and 96% on maize and elephant grass, respectively, followed by E. saccharina on maize with 27–39%. Fifteen hymenopterous, two dipterous and one fungal species were found on these stem and cob-borers. Among those were six pupal, six larval, four egg, one larval–pupal parasitoid and four hyperparasitoids. The scelionid parasitoids Telenomus busseolae Gahan and T. isis Polaszek were found on B. fusca eggs in all locations. During the first season, mean egg parasitism was low and ranged between 3.1% and 27% versus 54–87% during the second season. Species belonging to the Tetrastichus atriclavus Waterston complex were recovered from all four borer species. The majority and most common larval and pupal parasitoid species belonged to the ingress-and-sting guild.Larval and pupal parasitism were very erratic and on more than 50% of the sampling occasions no parasitoids were recovered. Parasitoid diversity was higher on elephant grass than maize.
Conspecific interference by adults in an aphidophagous ladybird Propylea dissecta (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): effect on reproduction
Authors: Mishra G. , Omkar
Published: August 2023

The effects of conspecific adult interference on the reproductive output of an aphidophagous ladybird, Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) were investigated. Ovipositing females were subjected to physical interference with conspecific adults (0 to 4 males or females) in Petri dishes and the effects on egg cannibalism, oviposition and egg viability were recorded. The absence of interference was related to the lowest egg cannibalism (0.00%) and higher fecundity (336.30±32.16 eggs) and egg viability (95.83±1.60%). Fecundity decreased with increasing physical interference from either sex. Egg viability declined with increasing male density, but was not influenced by conspecific females. In a second experiment, evaluating the role of conspecific adult chemical tracks on fecundity and egg viability, it was observed that adult chemical track density (fresh and ten-day-old) was negatively correlated. Egg viability was not affected by the presence of adult chemical tracks. The decrease in fecundity was not affected by the sex of the adults making the tracks, thus revealing that the chemical constitution of these deterrent compounds was not sex-specific. Conspecific interference in a Petri dish reduces reproductive output, as a result of physical interference and response to what seem to be oviposition-deterring pheromones present in adult tracks.
Life history of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on various host plants
Authors: Azidah A.A. , Sofian-Azirun M.
Published: August 2023

The incubation period of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) was not influenced by the host plant, whereas larval development time and pupal period were affected. Larval development time was longest on shallot and lady's finger, followed by cabbage and long bean. Larvae did not develop beyond the first instar when fed on chilli. The pupal period was longer on lady's finger than on cabbage, shallot and long bean. Overall, adult longevity was not influenced by the host plant but there was a difference between female and male longevity among the host plants. Survival of S. exigua was affected by the host plant at the larval stage. The number of larval instars varied between 5 and 8 within and between the studied host plants. Long bean was found to be the most suitable host plant and provide the best food quality for S. exigua compared to the other host plants, as it allowed faster development, fewer larval instars and a higher survival rate.
Hydrogen damage behaviour of X80 steel under high voltage direct current interference
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Bi Wuxi , Liu Jianhua , Yan Maocheng , Lan Wei , Zhang Yanhui , Wen Wen , Li Songmei , Yu Mei
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the hydrogen damage behaviour of X80 steel under HVDC interference was investigated at different sites and applying voltages. The effect of application of a sustained tensile load during the interference testing on the ductility of steel was also studied. It was found that the interference modestly but consistently reduced the elongation of the steel, with dimples still dominating on the fracture surfaces. Application of a sustained tensile load significantly reduced the ductility of the steel, resulting in cleavage fracture dominant on the fracture surfaces on these samples. It also clearly increased the yield strength of the steel. The test results were explained by hydrogen trapping at dislocations and their retardation effect on dislocation movement during the SSRT.
Refining interface compatibility and carrier management via π-π conjugated stacking for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells based on low-temperature processing
Authors: Yang Yun
Published: August 2023

Deficiencies and instability in the ETL, perovskite layer, or their interface contribute to carrier nonradiative recombination losses. To address these issues, we propose an electron collection and injection optimisation strategy that focuses on enhancing the compatibility and charge transfer performance at the ETL-perovskite interface. Our approach involves low-temperature modification TiO2 with pyrimidine-2-carboximidamide acetate (PCA) through π-π stacking, reducing the surface energy and improving the interfacial compatibility. At the same time, a stable organic–inorganic hybrid layer is formed with lead iodide (PbI2) below the perovskite layer. Additionally, we demonstrate long-term ambient stability, with the PSCs retaining approximately 90% of their initial PCE after 100 days. We also fabricate large-area modules, achieving an efficiency of 19.53% with an active area of 36.41 cm2.

Highlights

The introduction of the π-π stacking multifunctional molecule PCA through a low-temperature process to modify TiO2 film enhances the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells. This novel approach improves interfacial compatibility and reduces defects at the interface, enabling vertically aligned crystal growth of perovskite and increasing the interfacial contact area. By effectively removing two types of Hydroxyl groups over the low-temperature TiO2 film through multiple surface chemical reactions, the strategy mitigates nonradiative recombination, leading to reduced energy losses and improved performance in both small and large-area perovskite solar cell modules.