bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Nomen Omen”: Exploring Connected Healthcare through the Perspective of Name Omen
Authors: Chen Sonia Chien-i , Liu Chenglian , Hu Ridong
Published: March 2020

Background: The evolution of names, from “medical informatics” to “connected health”, implies that the evolvement of technology in health care has been shifted from technology-oriented to healthcare-oriented implementation. Connected healthcare, a healthcare platform of remote monitoring and self-management through technological measures, is suggested to contribute to the efficiency, cost effectiveness, and satisfaction of healthcare recipient enhancement. However, limited understanding of related connected health (CH) terminology may constrain its implementation. Whether CH is a Buzzword only or a practice that can contribute to an ageing society is controversial. Objective: This study aims to distinguish CH-related terminology and to identify the trend of CH through reviewing its definition, initiation, development, and evolvement, in order to offer management insights and implications. The objective is to understand what is connected and who is cared about in the connected health model, so that better applications can be addressed for the benefit of society. Method: This study reviews the evolution of names, from “medical informatics” in the 1970s to “connected health” after 2000, as well as relevant literature of CH, including e-health, telemedicine, telehealth, telecare, and m-health, to discover the trend of technology-related healthcare implementation. The current status and issues facing CH will be presented and its future trends will be explored through reviewing how changes in healthcare are managed, in addition to its operation and practice. Issues of accessibility, quality, and cost will be discussed, as well as its market status. Results: Preconditions and requirements for implementing CH are identified to select a typical case to study. Areas with a complete business ecosystem, including advanced technology and medical services, a payment system, an ageing population, geographic isolation, integrated health, and social care, are prevalent. These findings may be beneficial to designing and establishing comprehensive CH implantation and environments. Conclusion: The evidence and tendency of technological convergence create a demand for innovation and partnering with start-up companies that offer a competitive advantage in innovation. Specifically, it is necessary to innovate both the public and private operation model of the CH ecosystem. This focus will be further explored in future work.
The Market Channel Preference Among Smallholder Cocoyam Farmers in South Africa: A Food Security Perspective
Authors: Nwafor Christopher
Published: March 2020

Market channel choice makes important contributions to the incomes and other livelihood attributes among smallholder farmers in developing countries. Often considered from a number of perspectives, the dominant view articulated suggests an advantageous integration into formal market channels. This position is questioned as it has implications for smallholder farmers’ food security and rural incomes. Using a mixed methods approach, the study collected primary data from 174 smallholder farmers and applied both a descriptive and multinomial logit regression model to analyze factors contributing to cocoyam production and market channel choices among respondents in the study area. Findings indicate that financial returns and available markets were key factors in cocoyam production, while amount received was a driver of market channel choice among 89% of respondents who sold directly at farm-gate. Farmers’ age (p=0.044), household size (p=0.043), distance to market (p=0.021), additional income (p=0.017) and amount received (p=0.014) were significant variables (p<.05) in the determinants of market channel choice. The study recommended improving market information provision and strengthening farmer associations which will enable smallholder farmers in rural communities to make informed choices with respect to produce price, access other markets and consolidate their collective market bargaining position.
Fabrication of SiO2-ZnO Core-Shell Urchin-Like Structure by Hydrothermal Method Using Self-Assembled Particles as Nuclei and Application to UV-Activated Gas Sensors
Authors: Funakawa Daiki ,   Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan, Moronuki Nobuyuki
Published: March 2020

This study aims to improve the efficiency of gas sensors with a zinc oxide (ZnO) structure by widening the surface area for reaction and using UV-activation. The silica (SiO2)-ZnO core-shell urchin-like structure is a promising candidate to achieve this aim, due to its broad surface area and electrically insulated formation. The higher resistivity of silica prevents the escape of electrons and recombination during reaction with gas; thus, improving its sensitivity. The structure was fabricated by a two-step process. First, ZnO-silica core-shell structures were produced. ZnO nanoparticles (φ≤ 34 nm) self-assembled to form a shell around a core comprising silica particles (φ5 μm). Gravity sedimentation was then used to obtain the silica particles, while the ZnO particles were obtained by dropping and drying of the suspension. Closely packed structures were obtained due to the meniscus attraction between the particles at the drying stage of the suspension. Second, ZnO urchin-like structures were synthesized on the silica particles using the hydrothermal method, with the originally placed ZnO nanoparticles as the nuclei. The method is a simple material synthesis involving the crystal growth process in a sealed container, in which substrates and precursors are stored and maintained at an elevated temperature. The obtained structure (or morphology) changed depending on the nucleation and growth conditions. The appropriate conditions were clarified through systematic experiments. Finally, the gas sensor performance was examined.
Development of Surface Roughness Generation Model for CFRTP Manufactured by LFT-D
Authors: Murashima Motoyuki , Murooka Takaharu , Umehara Noritsugu , Tokoroyama Takayuki ,   Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Published: March 2020

In this study, we propose a new surface generation model for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) manufactured by the long fiber thermoplastic-direct (LFT-D) method. CFRTP are considered to be a next-generation structural material because of their high productivity as well as high mechanical strength and lightness. Conversely, CFRTP have a rough surface, which does not meet the automotive outer panel standard of a “class A surface.” In the present study, we establish a surface roughness generation model based on a thermal shrinkage mismatch of thermoplastic resin to carbon fiber and non-uniform carbon fiber distribution. Furthermore, we construct a surface roughness estimation formula based on the model. In the calculation, a cross-sectional image of CFRTP is divided into many vertical segments. Subsequently, the thermal shrinkage of each segment is calculated with a standard deviation, an average, and a probability density of the amount of carbon fiber in each segment. The surface roughness of the manufactured CFRTP was measured using a surface profilometer. The result showed that the arithmetic surface roughness increased with the volume fraction of carbon fiber. We applied the surface roughness calculation to cross-sectional images of the specimens. Consequently, the estimated surface roughness showed the same tendency, in which the surface roughness increased with the volume fraction of carbon fiber. The slope of a regression line of the estimated surface roughness with respect to the volume fraction was 0.010, which was almost the same (0.011) as the slope of a regression line of the measured surface roughness. Furthermore, the estimation formula using a thermal shrinkage effective depth of 395 μm was able to estimate the surface roughness within a 3% average error. Using the estimation formula, it was predicted that the surface roughness increased with the standard deviation of the amount of carbon fiber in a segment. To confirm the reliability of the model and the formula, we measured the standard deviation of the amount of carbon fiber in CFRTP specimens, showing that the trend for CFRTP specimens matched the estimated values.
Effect of Tool Rake Angle and Crystal Orientation on Ductile Mode Cutting of Hard/Brittle Materials
Authors: Abdelkawy Abdallah , Yoshino Masahiko , Nakagawa Yuki ,   Cairo University Gamaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Published: March 2020

The effects of negative rake angles on the ductile mode cutting of soda glass and sapphire were studied. In addition, the machining mechanism was studied using a groove-cutting model based on the orthogonal cutting theory. It was found that the specific cutting forces in ductile mode cutting increase on both the soda glass specimen and on the sapphire specimen when the rake angle of the tool becomes negative. The difference between the experimental data and theoretical data of the specific cutting forces becomes large when the tool has a high rake angle on the negative side. This is attributed to effects of the roundness of the edge, the effects of the roundness of the nose, and the plowing mechanism, which causes plastic flow of the work material to both sides of the groove. The specific cutting force of sapphire depends on the cutting direction against the crystal orientation. The specific cutting force of sapphire depends on the cutting direction in terms of the crystal orientation. The anisotropy of the cutting force of sapphire also depends on the rake angle of the tool.
Latest Machine Tool Structural Design Technology for Ultra-Precision Machining
Authors: Shindo Ryota , Nishiwaki Shinji ,   Nagase Integrex Co., Ltd. 1333-1 Atobe, Mugegawa-cho, Seki, Gifu 501-2697, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Published: March 2020

Most machine tools comprise a combination of square blocks and plates for each body structure, which is not fully optimized. One reason for the nonoptimal design is that machine tool designers face difficulty in introducing curved structures to fulfill functional requirements. In this paper, completely new structures of the surface profile grinding machine have been developed, pursuing the ideal structure by defying fundamental design rules as well as by utilizing topology and shape optimization methods. The combination of fundamental techniques and state-of-art techniques enables lightweight structures that can achieve two-times higher resonance frequency, 40–50% space-saving, and 60–100% productivity improvement, compared to those with the conventional design.
Pengaruh Sikap terhadap Lingkungan (Environmental Attitude) dan Kepribadian (Big-Five Personality) terhadap Intensi untuk Bertindak (Intention to Act) Siswa
Authors: Dewi Larasati  , I Made Putrawan  , Diana Vivanti Sigit
Published: March 2020

Global warming is one of the major challenge to humankind because this kind of environmental issue is a global issue which not only faced by one country but the whole world. The main cause of global warming is human activity. Human have to change their behavior in order to protect the environment especially the student because they’re the living next generation. Behavior often occur because there is intention to do so. One's desire to act appears to be affected by a host of personality factors including environmental attitude. This study aimed to determine the effect of environmental attitude and personality on the intention to act that students have. Research conducted at SMAN 29 Jakarta on the Semester I of 2019/2020 school year. The method used is the survey with quantitative-causal causal approach and path analysis. The sample were 93 students of class X MIPA. There were three instrument used for measuring environmental attitude, personality, and intention to act with reliability of 0.774, 0.786, and 0.84. Based on hypothesis test, it suggested that there was indirect effect between environmental attitude and intention to act via personality.As the results, it can be concluded that personality is suitable as a mediator of variables between environmental attitude and personality.

Keywords:   Student, environmental attitude, personality, intention to act, path analysis.
Kajian Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Banjir di DAS Ciliwung
Authors: Priyanka Prajna Paramitha  , Rudy P. Tambunan  , Tito Latif Indra
Published: March 2020

Laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi menyebabkan kompleksitas permasalahan lingkungan, salah satunya adalah permasalahan banjir. Laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi mendesak ruang-ruang terbuka hijau dan sempadan sungai berubah menjadi wilayah-wilayah yang padat dengan permukiman seperti yang terjadi di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliwung. Ancaman bencana banjir, kondisi sosial dan ekonomi serta pembangunan infrastruktur dari hulu sampai dengan hilir DAS Ciliwung semakin meningkatkan risiko bencana banjir di DAS Ciliwung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis ancaman bencana banjir, kerentanan (sosial dan ekonomi), kapasitas daerah dan masyarakat di DAS Ciliwung, menganalisis risiko bencana banjir di DAS Ciliwung, menganalisis alternatif pengurangan risiko bencana banjir di DAS Ciliwung. Metode yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder, data primer melalui pengisian kuesioner oleh pemangku kepentingan/Instansi dan penduduk yang terdampak banjir di DAS Ciliwung. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif-kuantitatif dan analisis AHP untuk menentukan pemilihan alternatif pengurangan risiko bencana banjir. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat ancaman bencana banjir di DAS Ciliwung baik di segmen tengah maupun di segmen hilir berada dikategori tinggi. Selain ancaman bencana banjir, tingkat kerentanan sosial ekonomi di DAS Ciliwung juga termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Sedangkan dari sisi kapasitas masyarakat dan daerah, kapasitas masyarakat dan daerah pada segmen hilir lebih siap dibandingkan dengan masyarakat yang berada di segmen tengah. Tetapi walaupun kapasitas pada segmen hilir lebih siap, tidak dapat mengurangi risiko bencana banjir yang tinggi. Permasalahan tingginya risiko bencana banjir diatasi melalui alternatif pengurangan risiko bencana. Berdasarkan hasil AHP, maka diperoleh prioritas alternatif dengan bobot tertinggi yaitu peningkatan efektivitas pencegahan dan mitigasi bencana.
Bank Sampah Sebagai Alternatif Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah Menuju Sentul City Zero Emission Waste Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Takbiran Hasan Hasan Takbiran
Published: March 2020

Sampah tidak bisa terlepas dari kehidupan sehari-hari, dari mulai lahir sampai meninggal juga masih menghasilkan sampah, semua itu berdampak terhadap lingkungan kehidupan. Edukasi kesadaraan dan keterampilan warga untuk pengelolaan sampah dengan penerapan prinsip reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) penting dalam penyelesaian masalah sampah melalui pengelolaan sampah sejak dari sumbernya. Bank sampah Benteng kreasi merupakan modal sosial dalam pengelolaan sampah berbasis kawasan. Bank sampah yang diintegrasikan dengan prinsip 3R dilaksanakan di Centul City Terminal Bis Jl. Nasional Sentul City Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Kegiatan bank sampah merupakan konsep pengumpulan sampah kering dan dipilah serta memiliki manajemen layaknya perbankan tapi yang ditabung bukan uang melainkan sampah. Pemberdayaan warga melalui kegiatan penyuluhan, edukasi, pelatihan dengan metode partisipasi emansipatoris (interaksi dan komunikasi), serta dialog dengan warga di komunitas. Selain itu diperlukan dukungan kemitraan dengan membangun jejaring dan mekanisme kerja sama kelembagaan antara warga pengelola bank sampah dengan stakeholder terkait. Bank Sampah Benteng Kreasi telah memulai sosialisasi untuk penanganan sampah di kawasan Sentul City dalam upaya terwujudnya kesehatan lingkungan yang lebih bersih, hijau, nyaman, dan sehat menuju Sentul City Zero Emission Waste. Selain itu juga pengelolaan sampah terintegrasi dapat menstimulasi kreativitas dan inovasi dari masyarakat sehingga meningkatkan kesejahteraan warga.

 

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ANALISIS PENGARUH NILAI IPM DAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP TIMBUNAN SAMPAH DI TPA SE-PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG: SEBUAH STUDI PENDAHULUAN
Authors: Elyasa Muhammad Denny
Published: March 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana nilai IPM mempengaruhi jumlah sampah timbunan di Tempat Pembuangan Sampah (TPA) yang terdapat di tiap-tiap kabupaten/kota se-Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang didapat dari Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dan Data dari Kantor Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Metode penelitian bersifat kuantitatif deskritif dengan menggunakan regresi sederhana dan metode rasio. Dari hasil pengujian didapat bahwa semakin tinggi nilai IPM suatu daerah semakin tinggi pula timbunan sampah di TPA daerah tersebut, artinya nilai IPM yang tinggi tidak memberikan korelasi positif terhadap penurunan timbunan sampah yang ada di TPA. Selain itu didapat pula bahwa besarnya jumlah penduduk di satu daerah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung belum tentu menyebabkan timbunan sampah di TPA daerah tersebut tinggi. Kajian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya untuk memasukkan indikator kebersihan ke dalam IPM.
PELESTARIAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA (TAHURA) NGURAH RAI, DESA SUWUNG, DENPASAR, BALI
Authors: Sugiyanti Yanti
Published: March 2020

Pelestarian ekosistem mangrove adalah merupakan suatu usaha yang sangat kompleks untuk dilaksanakan, karena kegiatan tersebut sangat membutuhkan suatu sifat akomodatif terhadap segenap elemen yang berada di sekitar kawasan maupun di luar kawasan. Tahura mangrove Ngurah Rai, Denpasar, Bali merupakan kesatuan ekosistem yang memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam pesisir dan laut yang produktif, seperti ekosistem mangrove beserta biota yang hidup di dalamnya yang merupakan sumber bahan makanan, kawasan rekreasi, pariwisata, konservasi dan jenis pemanfaatan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian ekosistem mangrove di Tahura Ngurah Rai, Denpasar, Bali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat berupaya untuk menjaga kelestarian ekosistem mangrove dengan cara menjaga kebersihan di kawasan ekosistem mangrove, ikut aktif dalam kegiatan penanaman mangrove dan pembibitan mangrove serta memberikan dukungan dan penghargaan kepada LSM maupun kelompok masyarkat yang bergerak dalam bidang pelestarian ekosistem mangrove. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat telah menyadari pentingnya keberadaan ekosistem mangrove bagi kawasan pesisir pantai.

Kata Kunci: ekosistem mangrove, partisipasi masyarakat, pelestarian
Social Impact Assessment a Savvy Mechanism for Social Investment Case of Pemex in Designing Solutions for Totonacas Indigenous, Mexico
Authors: Ospina Monica , Orea Aranda Luis
Published: March 2020

Since 2014 Mexico has imposed a compact framework for Social Impact Assessment for companies in the Energy Sector as the first industry in the country to be required by law. In the case of PEMEX, the framework was not only the start point to demonstrate a solid understanding of the social conditions of Totonacas, indigenous communities impacted in Veracruz, Mexico, but also to define the complexity of impacts and appropriate social investment solutions.

The effective use of Social Impact Assessment allowed PEMEX to understand today’ reality of Totonacas indigenous living within the Area of Influence (AI), therefore directly impacted by PEMEX operation in Veracruz, Mexico through a throughout characterization. The understanding of the indigenous’ limitations and challenges about the industry technical demands, as well as an appreciation of their culture and ancestral knowledge, led to identifying new avenues and opportunities for Totonacas. A savvy approach to Social Investment solutions led to a unique initiative: resuscitating Totonacas’ expertise around the vanilla production and complying with the company’ social investment requirements -sustainability, innovation, entrepreneurship, and seed capital. The above is the result of professional impact assessments, social engagement, indigenous participation, and innovation.
Immersive Tactical Decision-Making Scenarios without Simulators
Authors: Sookdeo Terrance , Laursen Kim
Published: March 2020

For a number of years we have known the positive impact on human performance and the retention of knowledge, skills, and ability from training conducted in a practical event-based immersive simulator. This paper demonstrates an innovative approach, without a simulator, that is designed to achieve similar levels of learning outcomes. Technical learning and Crew Resource Management (CRM) are analytically mixed to drive participation and engagement to achieve similar target levels of higher learning retention and on-the-job performance enhancements.

This paper proceeds from the collaboration efforts between Baker Hughes, a GE company and Maersk Training. The result was a classroom-based course for newly appointed wellsite leaders responsible for managing and overseeing barrier management activities to prevent or mitigate process safety risks associated with loss of primary containment or loss of well control.

Wellsite leaders are entrusted to ensure that critical operations and dynamic changes between services such as mud engineering, cementing, wireline, wellbore intervention, completion, and drilling operation do not result in a catastrophic safety or environment consequence. The leaders in these roles must possess technical knowledge on risk assessments and barrier management and extensive skill in CRM to maintain effective oversight and surveillance of the operations while engaging with multidisciplinary personnel and vendors delivering complex products and services at the wellsite.

The paper elaborates on the training module design and the delivery of those modules in a dynamic switching mode. This delivery consistently maintained the linkages and interconnections between CRM, process safety, and barrier management and resulted in an effective event-based training outcome comparable to simulators.
Drones Unlocked: The Social Horizon for Oil and Gas
Authors: Brusset Emery , Griffin Phillip , Holland Callum
Published: March 2020

In the current uncertainty, people are losing trust in dialogue, and increasingly turning to hard bargaining and protests. The increasing use of drone technology can contribute to this negative shift in attitudes around oil and gas installations. At the same time the technology offers a unique opportunity for engagement.

The Social Impact Asset Management (SIAM) project is a concession area drone and human data collection platform. It is a way to present easily understood evidence for joint decision making. By also facilitating the management of regulatory requirements and planning, it creates much needed scalability in drone use.

The angle taken in this presentation taps into work done for safety and rescue services in the UK, and impact assessment for the United Nations. It revolves around how to deal with the two challenges to the use of drones in sustainability: scaling up, and social acceptance. It maps the way in which stakeholder engagement will benefit, and how drones can be unleashed for the benefit of local populations and industry. It confirms that today’s digital revolution has led to a decisive moment. Innovative solutions can make this a positive one.

SIAM is the result of a strategic alliance between Social Terrain Ventures and the Thales Soarizon project, a civilian application of advanced aerospace technology. It has not yet been applied in oil and gas, but the case for the application is clear.
That is Not a Barrier! Investigating Improper Barrier Placement in Bowties Using Road Traffic Bowties as a Case Study
Authors: Hudson Peter , Hudson Tim
Published: March 2020

Road transport is one of the biggest risks posed to Oil and Gas operations. There is a lot of time, resources and effort spent on understanding, controlling and managing this risk. The use of the Bowtie methodology has greatly improved the management of the road transport risk. The paper evaluates a number of road transport Bowties using the DDA (Detect, Decide, Act) approach. The analysis shows that due to improper barrier placement within the road transport Bowties there is generally an improper understanding of the true risk that road transport poses to organisations. Systems seen as having many barriers are assumed to be relatively safe. In most instances, however, there is actually only one DDA barrier (compliance with procedures) and all other risk management activities conducted by organisations influence the effectiveness of that procedural barrier. This explains the difficulty organisations experience with further improving road transport outcomes. The failure to properly apply a rigorous standard to barrier placement has created a difference between the perceived and actual risk. This difference can lead to accidents and incidents

This paper demonstrates that many road transport Bowties currently do not accurately show the reality of the situation those Bowties are intended to represent. This will inevitably lead to risk management failures. These failures will stem from a fundamental misunderstanding of what barriers are controlling risks on the preventative side of the Bowtie while most controls (e.g. ABS, air-bags) are recovery barriers.
From Traditional to Trailblazing: Evolution of Occupational Health at Shell
Authors: Sexton Krystal , Bhojani Faiyaz
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES/SCOPE: This abstract will describe the evolution of a traditional occupational health group into a department that supports Shell's strategy and improves business outcomes by intentionally focusing on care and human performance. Program details and learnings will be shared, as well as quantitative results demonstrating the positive impact of Health on the business.

METHODS/PROCEDURES: Shell Health was historically a traditional occupational health group, performing fitness-to-work, return-to-work, and medical surveillance exams. Over the past two decades, there was additional focus on weight loss and weight maintenance. In more recent years, Shell Health broadened to a more holistic approach to health, including psychological and emotional wellbeing, and introduced its new strategy entitled Human Performance and Care (HP&C). HP&C optimizes the capabilities of individuals, teams and businesses to be at our best, even in the face of great uncertainty and stress. Formal programs focusing on Resilience and Care for People (CfP) have been developed, along with analytic strategies tying HP&C to business outcomes.

RESULTS/OBSERVATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: The Resilience Program has reported a positive association between Resilience and Employee Engagement (p=0.04), Inclusion (p<0.001), and Thriving (p=0.05) consistently across the past several years, as measured by the annual Shell People Survey. Internal Shell data have also shown a strong correlation between Engagement and safety performance; a 10-point increase in Engagement is correlated with a 30-40% decrease in the number of safety incidents.

CfP uses a 15-question index that is analyzed to determine its association with Engagement, safety, and other business outcomes of interest. We have seen improved safety performance measured by Total Recordable Case Frequency (TRCF target was 0.80, attained 0.75). Significantly higher Hands on Tools Time, a marker of productivity, was demonstrated in CfP compared to non-CfP projects (67% vs. 32%, p<0.05) . Top-quartile Engagement (over 85%) and productivity were achieved in CfP projects globally.

In addition, we have collaborated to integrate HP&C with parts of our business such as Real Estate, Contracting and Procurement, Safety Leadership and Shell Learning. We have reached senior leaders across the organization, with HP&C incorporated into long-term business strategies globally. Overall, we have demonstrated that a holistic approach to health will lead to improved business outcomes and a high performing organization.

NEW OR ADDED INFORMATION TO EXISTING LITERATURE: Shell Health is the first in the oil and gas industry to recognize the opportunity to improve human performance through the science of care. HP&C addresses the core needs of humans as a way to optimize human performance while improving business outcomes such as engagement, safety and productivity.
Africa Heart Beat: Combining Culture and Sports to Create Health Awareness
Authors: Ndem Nouba , Okong Eric
Published: March 2020

This paper describes the approach used by an oilfield service company to combine local culture and sporting activities to increase health awareness among its workforce in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Using this approach resonated with the participants to actively engage them in a wellness initiative entitled Africa Heart Beat.

A health walk and run event was organized for employees and their family members with the aim of increasing health awareness not just at work but also at home.

Simultaneous events were held in various locations across the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Employees and their families walked, ran, played football and also participated in yoga, cardio exercises, boxing, a 100m sprint and other fun sporting activities.

To increase the engagement of the participants, the event was given a local culture theme centered around the preferred musical instrument of Africa: the drum. The Africa Heart Beat event featured drummers dressed in traditional African attire.

Associating the initiative with African drums and traditional dance groups energized the participants. Over 1,200 people took part in the running and walking activities, collectively covering a distance of 7000km. Participant's feedback indicated appreciation of the cultural theme. The Africa Heart Beat campaign was embraced by the workforce much more than a one-off health initiative as the event was regarded as a celebration of African culture. The campaign raised awareness on the benefits of staying fit and resulted in locations continuing to hold monthly fitness activities such as employees creating their own walking and running groups. This initiative has had a sustained positive impact on the wellness of the employees as well as benefiting workplace morale.

This paper describes how health initiatives celebrating local culture can be used to raise awareness on the importance of fitness and engage employees and their families in wellness initiatives.
Our Industry's Journey in Measuring Methane Emissions and Where We're Going from Here
Authors: Poot Brigitte , Tegami Alice , Brown Wendy , Convery Allie , Stranden Tone-Kirstin , Bryant Eleanor , Ananthakrshna Shankar , Hardeveld Wim
Published: March 2020

The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) has collected environmental data from its member companies every year since 1999. The objective of this programme has been to allow member companies to compare their performance with other companies in the section, with the aim to lead to improvement and more efficient performance. It also contributes to the industry's wish to be more transparent about its operations (IOGP, 2017).

There is growing attention to methane emissions from the oil and gas industry supply chain. Natural gas operations contribute to global anthropogenic methane emissions and if not properly managed may undermine the widely recognized environmental benefit of gas utilization. Nevertherless, statistics for methane emissions, particularly from O&G sector, are widely variable. This is not only a risk for climate change mitigation, but also financial and regulatory risk for both investors and operators.
Fullstream Approach for Managing Process Safety Risks in Turbomachinery and Process Solutions
Authors: Sookdeo Terrance , Mochi Gianni , Gradassi Saverio
Published: March 2020

Turbomachinery technology and mechanical systems provide a strategic advantage by enabling oil and gas industry exploration and production companies to acquire, transport and refine hydrocarbons efficiently, productively and safely, with a smaller environmental footprint and at lower cost per barrel of hydrocarbons. However, this advantage is underscored by the process safety risks associated with failures of these large and complex mechanical systems such as gas turbines, liquid natural gas (LNG) trains, reciprocating, and centrifugal gas compressor systems, etc.

Catastrophic failures of these mechanical systems result in the unintended release of energy with severe consequences and devastating impact on HSE, assets, and commercial penalties. After data mining, reviewing, and analyzing historical incidents, several questions arise: Are we doing enough to minimize the likelihood of an unplanned release of explosive energy resulting in fires and projectiles? Are current measures sufficient to manage the risk of loss of pressure or loss of vacuum containment? Even though turbomachinery original equipment manufacturers (OEM) utilize existing engineering tools (HAZOPS, FMEA, etc.), incident data demonstrates that the challenge remains. How do we drive better financial results while managing operational performance and process safety risks? Moreover, how do we learn from what has happened to innovate our approach to process safety risk management?
Innovation and Collaboration in ESIAs: Combining Remote Sensing with Community Validation to Map Guyana's Shoreline
Authors: Roberts Treacy , Nunan Karin , Raffel Noam
Published: March 2020

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how recent technological developments in remote sensing, surveillance, and associated computing capabilities known as Imagery-Based Analysis and Assessment (IBAA) combined with the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach are revolutionizing the ESIA process. The science-based IBAA analytical approach (which includes high-resolution, multi-spectral satellite imagery and LiDAR-derived digital surface and terrain modeling) aims to efficiently and accurately classify environmental and social sensitivities and quantify anticipated impacts from project activities while reducing the amount of time needed by scientists in the field to undertake baseline surveys. The results of the IBAA are then shared with local communities, NGOs, and other stakeholders and the CBPR approach implemented in order to validate the data and share in the decision-making process for mitigation measures. This allows for capacity-building of local regulators and stakeholders and empowers project-affected communities. A coastal-wide ecosystem services assessment in Guyana (the first ever of its kind) will serve as a case study for this paper to illustrate the technical, commercial, and societal benefits of coupling the IBAA with the CBPR approach. This paper will culminate in the proposal of new industry best practice for utilizing the joint IBAA-CBPA methods to improve rigor in baseline data collection and increase social license to operate.

Summary statement: 200 characters for the brochure

Guyana's Coastal Ecosystem Services Baseline Assessment: A case study on how baseline data collection using imagery-based analysis coupled with validation through community participation is revolutionizing the ESIA process.
Stress in the Workplace- Implementing Solutions: Preparing the Individual and Organization for When the Worst-Case Scenario is Actualized.
Authors: Levy Scott , Davis-Street Janis , Stevens Christina , Walker Brian
Published: March 2020

Objectives/Scope

Workplace stress can happen for many different reasons but is very prominent during times of change and uncertainty. Many businesses have access to mental health and emotional well-being resources which they offer widely during normal operations and enhance those capabilities during times of expected stress. In this presentation we will discuss the challenge of what happens when that expected short-term period of difficulty morphs into longer term uncertainty.

Method, Procedures, Process

We will describe risk factors for workplace stress as well as short- and long-term solutions during periods of prolonged uncertainty. The discussion will include key components including baseline resources, gap assessments, and mitigating solutions. By working with business leaders to identify critical time periods and utilizing a validated survey tool, as well as a multitude of educational and informational materials, we were able to better deliver our health and wellness resources to deliver long-term support to the business.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

Mitigating solutions to address stress can be utilized to limit health and safety risks and optimize human performance. By offering a dynamic and relevant program which can be tailored to the individual workforce, we can maintain support for a prolonged period with positive results. Stress levels in the workplace can be assessed via validated tools, results of which can be managed across a spectrum of different work environments. Although our business environments differ considerably, by developing fit for purpose solutions we can implement high quality services to meet the needs of the business.

Novel/Additive Information

Fostering individual and organizational resilience early in the process and maintaining it throughout is an essential component especially when a worst-case scenario situation is highly probable. We will discuss how to best prepare both the organization and the individual to adapt, change and potentially even thrive during an extended period of uncertainty. We will explore simple methods of screening for mental health concerns well as developing interventions to optimize worker health and safety over prolonged periods of change and uncertainty.
Barrier Integrity Management: An Innovative Approach for Managing Process Safety Risks in Oil and Gas Assets
Authors: Decarli Luca , Scataglini Luciano , Cherubin Paolo , La Rosa Laura
Published: March 2020

An effective process safety management in O&G assets is ensured through multiple and independent barriers aimed at preventing the occurrence of major accidents and/or limiting the severity of consequences that such events may cause on people, environment, asset and Company reputation. The evaluation of the barrier integrity and the identification of performance requirements of barriers elements has been part of the risk methodology developed to assess the risk of major accidents in accordance with the EU Directive on offshore safety. The barriers, identified by the bow-tie methodology, are evaluated considering the effective level of their implementation and the global effectiveness of each barrier with a dedicated performance card, linking the evaluation criteria with specific performance factors, derived from SPAR-H methodology, based on the Functionality (F), Availability (A), Reliability (R), Survivability (S) and Interdependency (I) criteria. In the evaluation of hardware/physical barriers, system reliability and availability are also included in the analysis in order to consider the highest level of integrity associated to hardware contributions.
Assessment of Health Impacts on Local Communities is Fundamental for Sustainability
Authors: Viliani Francesca , Harris Patrick
Published: March 2020

Past planning for extractive projects has emphasized economic benefits but overlooked human health and wellbeing. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) however recognise health as a pillar of sustainable development, with SDG 3 health focused and other SDGs as determinants of health. Recent decisions in national and regional Courts, appealing to climate change and social impacts, are challenging companies and governments to see human health and wellbeing as central to planning decisions and sustainable energy strategy.

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has consistently been the worst health leading performance indicator of the oil sector. The latest HIA guidance for extractive industries promotes an integrated approach, and national governments often have exclusively Environmental and Social Impact Assessment requirements. However research into whether health issues are adequately being considered in EIA is very limited. We investigated ‘How and to what extent are health, well-being and equity issues considered in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) of major coal mining projects in New South Wales, Australia’ by using a comprehensive coding framework designed to interrogate the publicly available environmental impact statements; we then interviewed varied stakeholders in the same region; and we triangulated the above findings with our experience in impact assessment of oil and gas as well as mining project, and we demonstrated that EIAs fail to consider health and equity comprehensively.

Recent decisions in the courts concerning coal mining projects (the last stop in the system for challenges or appeals) have provided legal articulation for how decision-makers should take into consideration a project's impact on human health both through climate change and social impacts as entry points. Unless these issues are addressed up front in planning, designing and assessing, oil and gas projects could not be considered sustainable, and the present paper provides a series of recommendations to address these limitations.
Welding and Hot Work Advances to Work Controls Driven By New Manganese Exposure Limit
Authors: Rotich Pauline Rotich
Published: March 2020

Objective and Scope

The objective of the paper is to share the scientific basis for adopting the new ACGIH TLV for manganese (Mn), and to discuss the systematic process for implementing the change across businesses involving both employee and contractor workforces. In addition, it will describe the minimum worker controls and optional strategies that were implemented to control manganese and other metal fume exposures during welding and hot work. A review of manganese welding exposure data and available worker controls (engineering, administrative controls, PPE) is provided.

Methods

The approach involved both the review and validation of the science that provided the basis of the ACGIH TLV for manganese using an internal Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) development and review process, and the assessment of manganese exposure during welding and hot work. Based on the risk of worker exposure to manganese above the ACGIH TLV, an implementation strategy was developed that included exposure monitoring, review of work activities with exposures over the OEL, changes to existing work controls, communications to management and field supervision, review of available control technology, and engagement with the welding community.

Results and Conclusions

Exposure data and minimum work controls were successfully reviewed with line management and welders (both contractor and employee). The understanding of the Mn exposure data and the potential adverse health effects of overexposure facilitated the demonstration and trial use of new technology powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs) by contract welders working on a pipeline project. Lessons learned have been shared with the PAPR manufacturers and incorporated in training and safety and health procedures. The implementation of new work controls has required changes to existing work practices by welders and their helpers.

Key learnings from the implementation of new welding work controls are that significant time and effort must be put into understanding the science and basis of the exposure limit and gathering exposure data to compare to a new limit. If there is the potential for overexposure based on the operations and work tasks, then a review of available control technology (e.g. reduced manganese in welding rods/wires, portable ventilation equipment, feasible respiratory equipment) is required before developing and documenting minimum work controls. Finally, a robust strategy for communication to line management, employees, and contractor management must be developed.

Explain new/novel information to existing body of literature:

Application of a new Mn exposure limit drove the use of more protective work controls than were previously used by the majority of the welding community, which typically follows the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for manganese that was established in 1968. This paper provides practice-based methodology in overcoming the challenges associated with implementation of the new ACGIH TLV in welding applications.
A Global Push for Circular Economy Projects
Authors: Lindauere Dawson , Martinez Eduardo , Fernández-Casatejada Raquel , Santamaria Carmen
Published: March 2020

Historically, industries and society have used the linear model of economic growth, which is based on "take-make-dispose", however this model is not sustainable in today's world. A Circular Economy (CE) model supports "closing the loop" of products and services, recovering value of ecosystem services, while generating savings and creating value for companies and the society.

In the Oil and Gas (O&G) business, Exploration and Production (E&P) activities take place across the globe. This is a case study on how to incorporate CE concepts across a network of global E&P activities. The aim is to leverage the organization in order to gather and share the best ideas and good practices from across the world in CE related to E&P activities. Our voyage towards the CE model was chartered in a three-axis project: Review of the waste management modelEfficient communication of CE projects across the organizationCircular decommissioning of assets

Offshore assets in the E&P industry need a strategy in the short-term for decommissioning. This paper identifies the main barriers to be overtaken and a proposal of joint industry solutions. Reducing and reusing waste and raw materials is one of the main drivers to achieve a CE model. This fact led us to review our management of waste streams and establish a baseline, which allowed us to understand gaps and to develop an improvement strategy. Lastly, we knew that our Business Units (BUs) and exploration teams were full of innovative, driven professionals with good ideas and projects related to CE, but there was no focus in the Company to capture such ideas and little communication between peers in different countries. We present in this paper our vision to ensure success of a CE E&P Strategy as result of efficient communication.

CE operating model, integrates the CE principles in the current business model to turn challenges into opportunities. Our expectation is to help inspire other companies in the joint global effort to achieve sustainable business development.