bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLO (Collateralized Loan Obligation) Market and Corporate Lending
Authors: GALLO ANGELA , PARK MIN
Published: April 2022

We investigate whether access to the collateralized loan obligation (CLO) market as collateral managers or underwriters affects lenders' ability to overcome an idiosyncratic adverse shock in the corporate lending market. In a triple difference‐in‐differences setting, we find that lenders decrease their origination of loans following a negative shock; however, those with CLO access become more likely to arrange deals with securitizable facilities (Term B). Moreover, they choose to arrange deals with smaller size on‐balance‐sheet lending (Term A). The results suggest that securitization is actively used by lenders to switch to off‐balance‐sheet lending and to reduce the risk retained on the balance sheet.
Effects of perceived scarcity on COVID‐19 consumer stimulus spending: The roles of ontological insecurity and mutability in predicting prosocial outcomes
Authors: Leary R. Bret , Mesler Rhiannon MacDonnell , Simpson Bonnie , Meng Matthew D. , Montford William
Published: April 2022

In 2021, the United States government provided a third economic impact payment (EIP) for those designated as experiencing greater need due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. With a particular focus on scarcity and ontological insecurity, we collected time‐separated data prior to, and following, the third EIP to examine how these variables shape consumer allocation of stimulus funds. We find that scarcity is positively associated with feelings of ontological insecurity, which, interestingly, correlates to a greater allocation of stimulus funds toward charitable giving. We further find evidence that mutability moderates the relationship between ontological insecurity and allocations to charitable giving. In other words, it is those who feel most insecure, but perceive that their resource situation is within their control, who allocated more to charity giving. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory, policy‐makers, and the transformative consumer research (TCR) movement.
Continued use of scrotal ultrasounds for the workup of undescended testes: Confirmation bias and inaccuracies
Authors: Annick Erin T , Ko Joan , Baker Zoë G , Hannallah Arthi , De Filippo Roger E , Chang Andy Y
Published: April 2022

Aim

Scrotal ultrasounds are utilised in some primary care settings for suspected cryptorchidism, despite inaccuracies. We aim to identify the correlation between ultrasound and primary care provider (PCP) findings of undescended testicles (UDTs) as a potential source of confirmation bias.

Methods

Males referred for suspected UDT by PCPs who underwent scrotal ultrasound and paediatric urologist examination from 2014 to 2019 were included. Correlation between PCP and ultrasound findings and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Logistic regression was utilised to determine associations between patient factors and UDT misdiagnosis.

Results

Out of 145 testes, ultrasound corroborated PCPs' UDT diagnoses 87.6% of the time, 49.6% of which were confirmed as UDT by paediatric urologists. Ultrasound had a false positivity rate of 81.0% and specificity of 19.0%. Ultrasound versus paediatric urologist findings regarding testicle location were significantly different (P < 0.0001). Patients aged ≥8 years old had 5.2 times greater odds of being misdiagnosed with UDT than patients <8 years old (95% confidence interval: 1.6–16.7; P < 0.002) by PCP and ultrasound.

Conclusion

Scrotal ultrasound highly corroborated PCPs' UDT diagnoses. Older patients were more likely to be misdiagnosed with UDT by PCP and ultrasound. As ultrasounds rarely refute PCP examinations for suspected UDTs and are highly inaccurate, confirmation bias may explain the use of ultrasound in the workup of UDT.
The human side of innovation management: Bridging the divide between the fields of innovation management and organizational behavior
Authors: Weiss Matthias , Baer Markus , Hoegl Martin
Published: April 2022

The human side of innovation management focuses on the people that are carrying out innovative endeavors in organizations. It marks the intersection between research on innovation management and organizational behavior. However, these two research areas are not well integrated in the current literature, despite the many promises such an integration holds to address the challenges innovative organizations, as well as their employees, are facing in general and in times of uncertainty and transformation in particular. This editorial provides an overview of the special issue and illustrates the divide between research on innovation management and organizational behavior. Applying bibliometric analysis, we point to the need to bridge research in these two areas. Aimed to act as a catalyst for such bridging efforts, this special issue on the human side of innovation brought together research based on different theoretical perspectives and diverse methodological approaches. In this regard, the analysis of the intellectual structure of the special issue articles, reported in this editorial, provides evidence the effectiveness of the intended catalysis.
Association of hydromyelia and acute compressive myelopathy caused by intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs
Authors: Johnson Philippa J. , Todd‐Donato Amy B. , Miller Andrew D. , Wang Yu , Holm Chris , Panisello‐Manterola Carolina I. , Colón Acevedo Claudia S. , Wood Jonathan H.
Published: April 2022

Background

Hydromyelia is a common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding associated with compressive myelopathy caused by intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).

Objectives

To describe the MRI features of hydromyelia and explore its relationship to clinical history, neurological severity, and the duration of cord compression.

Animals

Ninety‐one client‐owned dogs with a focal compressive myelopathy secondary to thoracolumbar IVDE.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted in which MRIs were blindly evaluated to grade and localize hydromyelia and measure the degree of spinal cord compression. Duration and severity of clinical signs were recorded. Differences between hydromyelia grades in these variables were statistically assessed using a Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis test. Receiver operator curve analysis was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity for duration of clinical signs to predict the presence of hydromyelia.

Results

Hydromyelia was identified at sites of IVDE in 84 of 91 dogs. An absence of hydromyelia was associated a with statistically longer duration of clinical signs (mean 73.1, IQR 76 days) when compared to cases with mild (mean 17.7, IQR 7.25 days, P = .006) or severe (mean 17.9, IQR 10.25 days, P = .006) hydromyelia. Duration of clinical signs <14 days was 78.6% sensitive and 85.7% specific for predicting the presence of hydromyelia.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The MRI finding of hydromyelia might be a predictor of lesion chronicity in focal IVDE, helping to guide planning of hemilaminectomy surgery.
Pushing past the plateau
Authors: Hamm Joseph A. , Cavanagh Caitlin , Lee Sung
Published: April 2022

In our target article (Hamm et al., Legal and Criminological Psychology, 2022), we propose a Concentric Diagram of Legitimacy as an organizing tool for legitimacy theory. In so doing, we hoped to stimulate a scholarly discussion about the state of the literature and the best avenues for pushing past the field’s current intellectual plateau. Six experts took us up on this call and provided three commentaries that push our thinking but, more importantly, identify important opportunities for advancing legitimacy theory. In our response here, we distil their rich insights into key criticisms which then lead to opportunities for future research.
Equipment activity recognition and early fault detection in automated construction through a hybrid machine learning framework
Authors: Harichandran Aparna , Raphael Benny , Mukherjee Abhijit
Published: April 2022

Existing studies on automated construction equipment monitoring have focused mainly on activity recognition rather than fault detection. This paper proposes a novel equipment activity recognition and fault detection framework called hybrid unsupervised and supervised machine learning (HUS‐ML). HUS‐ML first identifies normal operations and known faulty conditions through supervised learning. Then, an anomaly detection algorithm is applied to spot any unseen faulty conditions. The framework is tested using acceleration measurements from a low‐rise automated construction system prototype. HUS‐ML outperformed the conventional machine learning approach in activity recognition and fault detection with an average F1 score of 86.6%. The conventional approach failed to detect unseen faulty operations. HUS‐ML identified known faulty operations and unseen faulty operations with F1 scores of 98.11% and 76.19%, respectively. The generalizability of the framework is demonstrated by validating it on an independent benchmark dataset with good results.
Nation as conceptualised in Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Authors: Sungur Zeynep Tuba
Published: April 2022

The departing point of this study is to understand the implications of ‘nation‐building’ as a Western initiative in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021) particularly in terms of the local conceptualisation of nation or millat. Based on this larger question, the goal of this study is to reveal the idea of nation as presented in the discourse of education constructed by the state of Afghanistan. To this end, the study employs three major primary resources: official state documents, school textbooks and expert interviews conducted at the Ministry of Education in Afghanistan. Pursuing a qualitative research methodology, the study uncovers four major elements that make up the idea of the ‘nation of Afghanistan’ or the millat‐e Afghanistan: (1) Islam, (2) watan (homeland), (3) qawm and (4) Afghaniyat (Afghanness). Reflecting a very specific understanding of nation that is peculiar to the context of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, this study concludes that the Western‐imposed form of nation has a local content which struggles hard to keep the idea of nation together.
Cântecul Gintei Latine: Vasile Alecsandri, ‘race’ connections and the Latinity of the Romanians (1850s–1870s)
Authors: Zantedeschi Francesca
Published: April 2022

This article reconstructs Vasile Alecsandri's political and cultural activities at an international level, as he attempted to raise public awareness (particularly in France and Italy) for the Romanian national cause, namely, by staking claim to the ‘Latinity’ of Romanians. It takes account of the European historical and political context in which the process took place, against the cultural backdrop of a growing interest in Romania, its people and language, and the development of the pan‐Latin ideal (and of macro‐nationalisms in general). In 1878, Alecsandri participated in theFêtes Latinesin Montpellier, competing for the best ‘Song of the Latin race’, illustrating his ability to use all available communication channels to further the Romanian Latin cause and bolster pan‐Latinism.
Annual to perennial reproductive shift in Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze: a strategic seasonal switch
Authors: Verma Romica , Kaul Veenu
Published: April 2022

Plants of Anisomeles indica are perennial woody shrubs that initiate their life cycle from seeds. The young plants emerging from seeds enter sexual phase immediately thereafter. After setting seeds, the plants do not die. Instead, following winters, root stock perennates where after these plants follow spring and monsoon phases for the rest of their lives. Plants follow vegetative to blooming phenology step by step without showing any functional overlap in their reproductive phase. The spring phase of perennating plants on account of its brevity is unable to ensure sustainable reproductive output necessitating the monsoon phase. Parallelly, the seeds dispersed through these phases grow and follow the same strategy of sexual to spring to monsoon phases. This modified variant of iteroparity coupled with the advantages accrued to particular morphological characters such as increased plant height, numbers of tillers and inflorescences per plant, fruits per infructescence and seed weight per unit leaf area enhance its survival and reproductive fitness.
The visceral sensitivity index: A novel tool for measuring GI‐symptom‐specific anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Trieschmann Kimberly , Chang Lin , Park Sarah , Naliboff Bruce , Joshi Swapna , Labus Jennifer S. , Sauk Jenny S. , Limketkai Berkeley N. , Mayer Emeran A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. GI symptom‐specific anxiety (GSA) is the cognitive, affective, and behavioral response stemming from fear of GI symptoms. The Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) measures GSA and is validated in IBS and may be useful in IBD.

Methods

We compared VSI scores in IBD participants to IBS participants and healthy controls (HCs). Using validated questionnaires, we assessed the VSI's correlation with anxiety, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), and IBD activity.

Key Results

We recruited 222 age‐ and sex‐matched participants (74 IBD [23 Crohn's disease; 51 ulcerative colitis], 74 IBS, and 74 HCs). IBD and IBS participants had higher VSI scores compared with HCs (IBD = 26.62 ± 16.64, IBS = 38.83 ± 15.06; HCs = 3.42±5.06; all p's < 0.001). VSI scores were lower in IBD vs IBS (p < 0.001). In IBD, VSI modestly correlated with current anxiety (R = 0.35, p = 0.002) and the physical component of HRQOL (R = −0.45, p = 0.0001) but less with the mental component of HRQOL (R = −0.23, p = 0.05).

Conclusions & Inferences

Our findings suggest the VSI is a useful measure in IBD. The VSI in IBD is related to general anxiety but is measuring a different construct and is not affected by the presence of trait anxiety. IBD patients have GSA that is associated with decreased HRQOL, which can negatively affect treatment compliance and other long‐term disease outcomes. Future studies are needed to further validate the VSI in IBD and to assess its correlation with disease activity.
Relationships between Paraspinal Muscle and Spinopelvic Sagittal Balance in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Zhuoran , Li Weishi , Chen Zhongqiang
Published: April 2022

Objective

To investigate the relationships between measurements of paraspinal muscle and spinopelvic sagittal parameters and the predictive value of lumbar indentation value (LIV) on sagittal balance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Methods

It was a retrospective study. We collected the data of 110 patients, who were diagnosed as lumbar spinal stenosis from December 2018 to May 2019. The total cross‐sectional area (tCSA), functional cross‐sectional area (fCSA), and fatty infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscle were measured. The spinopelvic sagittal parameters were also measured, including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and PI minus LL (PI‐LL). Correlations between measurements of paraspinal muscle and sagittal parameters were investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the LIV, age, gender, and BMI for assessing spinopelvic sagittal balance. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find out the most optimum cut‐off point of LIV for evaluating SVA.

Results

There were 42 males and 68 females in this study and the mean age was 59.9 ± 10.9 years old. By Pearson correlation analysis, MF tCSA showed significant association with LL (r = 0.455, P < 0.01) and PI‐LL (r = −0.286, P < 0.01). MF fCSA had a significant correlation with LL (r = 0.326, P < 0.01) and PI‐LL (r = −0.209, P < 0.05). LIV was also significantly correlated to spinopelvic sagittal parameters, including SVA (r = −0.226, P < 0.05), LL (r = 0.576, P < 0.01), TK (r = 0.305, P < 0.01), and PI‐LL (r = −0.379, P < 0.01). By multiple linear regression analysis, LIV was independently associated with sagittal parameters, including PI‐LL and SVA. The cut‐off value of LIV for SVA ≤ 50 mm was 10.5 mm (AUC = 0.641). According to the best cut‐off value, patients were divided into two groups. For patients with LIV ≤ 10.5 mm, the percentage of SVA ≤ 50 mm was 54.5% (18/33), while it was 83.1% (64/77) for patients with LIV >10.5 mm.

Conclusions

As a new index to evaluate paraspinal muscle atrophy, the LIV was independently correlated to spinopelvic sagittal balance. Degeneration of paraspinal muscle was associated with spinopelvic sagittal balance.
Characteristics and Treatment Strategy of Isolated Calf Deep Venous Thrombosis after Fractures: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Zhao Wei‐Guang , Yan Ji‐Ying , Li Xiao‐Lei , Shi Cai‐Ying , Wang Zhi‐Yun , Guo Wei , Zhang Kai , Zhang Wei‐Li , Jia Xiao‐Chuan , Cui Shu‐Bei , Jiang Li‐Qiang , Zhao Jian‐Long , Liu Zhen‐Wu , Yang Zhao‐Hui , Liu Li , Zhang Ying‐Ze
Published: April 2022

Isolated calf deep venous thrombosis (ICDVT) includes thrombosis located at the far end of the popliteal vein, such as the anterior tibial vein, posterior tibial vein, fibular vein, and intramuscular vein of the soleus and gastrocnemius. This type of thrombosis has the highest incidence, accounting for approximately half of all deep vein thrombosis (DVT) cases; however, there is no consistent recommendation for ICDVT treatment across countries, and there is also no optimal management strategy. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that ICDVT can develop into proximal DVT, even causing pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, some experts suggest anticoagulant therapy for this type of DVT, while others hold an opposing attitude. Therefore, the treatment strategy for this type of DVT has become a hot and difficult research topic. The purpose of this review is to summarize the characteristics of ICDVT and the effects of different treatment strategies by analyzing recent and important classical works in the literature in an attempt to provide recommendations for the treatment of this most common type of DVT in orthopaedic clinics.
Impact of the potato inoculation date on potato virus Y load and viral distribution in daughter tubers at harvest
Authors: Boulard Frédéric , Rohaut Gallien , Dupré David , Barbe Barrailh Florian , Person Amélie , Leclerc Melen , Jacquot Emmanuel , Glais Laurent
Published: April 2022

Aged plants are more difficult to infect than young plantlets. This modification of susceptibility is described as mature plant resistance (MPR). For potato virus Y (PVY), MPR is known to lead to low infection rates of plants inoculated at the postflowering stage and a decrease in the number of infected daughter tubers. However, the impact of inoculation date on the capacity of PVY to accumulate in daughter tubers has not been studied so far. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to better understand PVY epidemiology and to help potato growers to evaluate consequences of early/late infections on the quality of their crops. In field trials, potato plants (cv. Bintje) were covered by insectproof nets from planting to harvest except for a 14‐day period to expose plants to natural PVY infections. Under controlled conditions, potato plants were mechanically inoculated with PVY at different dates from preflowering stages (early inoculations) to postflowering stage (late inoculations). At harvest, daughter tubers were individually collected and analysed to define proportions and viral load of infected tubers according to the time between virus inoculation and harvest. Our results showed that although the age of plants at the time of inoculation can modify their susceptibility to PVY infection, in return, early and late PVY inoculations lead to similar rates of infected tubers at the plant scale and equivalent viral accumulation in infected tubers. All together, these data revealed that both early/late infections are high risks for the sanitary quality of potato tubers.
Development of a qPCR test to detect and quantify Elsinoë piri in unsprayed and organic apple orchards and assessment of apple cultivar susceptibility to the disease
Authors: Chandelier Anne , Mingeot Dominique , Ghrissi Ibtihel , Song Jang Hoon , Lateur Marc
Published: April 2022

Recently, Elsinoë piri has become an important pathogen in unsprayed and organic apple orchards. The increasing demand for organic apples as well as the limited use of fungicides imposed by European legislation has turned this pathogen, which has been known for over a century in Europe, into a resurgent phytosanitary threat. It also represents a new trait to be taken into account in apple breeding programmes. As E. piri is extremely difficult to isolate and causes symptoms that can be confused with those caused by other pathogens, a quantitative PCR (qPCR) test has been developed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA gene. This test, which displays a low limit of detection, allows the early detection of the fungus in apple leaves. As a quantitative method, it is a promising tool for breeding purposes as it can be used on leaves to assess the level of quantitative resistance of apple cultivars to the disease. The molecular test is also useful to gain knowledge on the epidemiology of this re‐emerging fungal disease. Spore trapping conducted in 2015, 2016 and 2020 using Rotorod devices and the qPCR test showed that airborne inoculum is released at the end of the growing season. Tests were also carried out to demonstrate that the pathogen was detected in buds during winter. A comparison of 18 E. piri isolates based on the sequencing of five genome regions highlighted a high genotypic diversity. All these isolates were detected with the qPCR test developed in this study.
Reestablishment of peatland vegetation following surface leveling of decommissioned in situ oil mining infrastructures
Authors: Lemmer Meike , Xu Bin , Strack Maria , Rochefort Line
Published: April 2022

Peatland ecosystem restoration following oil mining activities in Alberta, Canada, aims at reestablishing crucial peatland functions, such as wildlife habitat, water storage and filtration, peat accumulation, and carbon sequestration. To reinstate peatland functions, characteristic hydrological conditions are necessary to support the establishment and growth of characteristic wetland vegetation. Following in situ oil sands well pad disturbances in the Peace River and Cold Lake Oil Sands regions in Alberta, we evaluated the efficiency of peatland restoration approaches including different groundwork and revegetation techniques. Groundwork techniques included the complete removal (CR) or partial removal (PR) of the former in situ well pads' mineral fill and revegetation included the spontaneous revegetation via natural ingress of diaspores from nearby peatlands, or managed revegetation via planting of Carex aquatilis, Larix laricina, and Salix lutea. We assessed the plant species composition, biochemical and hydrological properties of all study areas, including restored peatland areas, an unrestored area, and reference areas (REF) for comparison. Ten years post‐restoration, in the restored areas the mean total plant cover was 57% with an average of 35 vascular plant and bryophyte species, while in REF 68% mean total plant cover and an average of 64 plant species were recorded. Respectively, characteristic peatland species contributed to 61 and 100% of the species composition. PR and hydrological connection to the adjacent peatland resulted in near surface water table and the highest peatland plant species diversity, while CR promoted the formation of a shallow open water area.
Can labour market institutions mitigate the China syndrome? Evidence from regional labour markets in Europe
Authors: Hennig Jan‐Luca
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates how labour market regulations alter the adverse impact of rising import competition from China in European local labour markets between 1997 and 2006. The paper constructs measures of regional exposure to Chinese imports based on previous literature and on regional labour market frictions exploiting involuntary labour reallocations. Taking into account the endogeneity of import competition and its interaction with labour market regulations, the paper finds that regions more exposed to the rise of China have suffered from a reduction in manufacturing employment shares. This shock grows larger with regional labour market frictions; hence, it exacerbates the impact of trade shock on employment. Moreover, the paper finds that employment in public services, and not in construction or private services sector, absorbed the negative shock to the manufacturing sector. The unemployment rate, the labour force participation rate and wages in all sectors are unresponsive to import competition from China.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) infection: Analyses of risk factors and literature review of knowledge, attitude and practices
Authors: Rahman Arifur , Sarkar Atanu
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to explore the risk factors for MERS‐CoV infection and systematic review of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) with regard to MERS‐CoV among the health care workers (HCWs) and the general population. The World Health Organization's MERS‐CoV line list (January 2013–January 2020) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was analysed. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate the univariate relative risk of outcomes to each potential risk factor, p‐values and 95% confidence intervals. An electronic literature search was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of the HCWs and general population of the KSA, with regards to transmission of the infection, risk factors and preventative measures. The line list analysis shows that age, gender, comorbidity, exposure to camels and camel milk consumption were associated with an increased risk of fatality; however, year‐wise analysis did not show any decline. Over the years, the mean durations between the symptom onset and hospitalization; the hospitalization and laboratory confirmation have reduced. The review of literature shows that the health care workers and the general population had inadequate knowledge about MERS‐CoV, lacked motivation and were disconnected from the health authorities. The WHO line list provides information on risk factors for MERS‐CoV, KAP analysis helps to know the potential underlying factors. The literature review shows that continuous education for HCWs and increasing public awareness can help effectively manage future MERS‐CoV.
Toward a Better Understanding of Fair-Weather Fandom: Exploring the Role of Collective Narcissism in Basking in Reflected Glory and Cutting Off Reflected Failure
Authors: Larkin Ben , Fink Janet S. , Delia Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Researchers have found highly identified sport fans exhibit almost unwavering loyalty. Such loyalty has been exhibited by fans basking in reflected glory (BIRGing) following team wins, but not cutting off reflected failure (CORFing) following team losses. In short, they stick with the team through thick and thin, and thus would not be construed as fair-weather fans (those who associate with the team when they are winning, but disassociate when they are losing). Despite their presence, little is known about fair-weather fans, including the roots of their fandom. In the current study, we explore the role of collective narcissism—a type of in-group identification characterized by an insecure self-esteem—in predicting BIRGing and CORFing patterns. We find collective narcissism to be a predictor of BIRGing and CORFing patterns characteristic of fair-weather fandom. This extends research on collective narcissism, BIRGing, and CORFing, while also providing actionable insight for practitioners seeking to combat fair-weather fandom.
Examining the Use of Postcolonial Management Theory in Sport Management Education: Strategies to Enhance Student Learning of Colonial Histories and Challenge Dominant Ideologies
Authors: McSweeney Mitchell , Teare Georgia , Liu Helen
Published: April 2022

There remains limited work that examines the use of postcolonial theory in sport management, and even less so in sport management education. The purpose of this paper is to outline a performative approach, guided by postcolonial management theory, and its utilization within sport management classrooms. The paper highlights two forms of performativity—critical and progressive—and identifies and discusses specific pedagogies that educators may adopt for student learning about the dominance of Westernized understandings of management and organizations. Integrating a postcolonial management theory, performative approach in sport management education in conjunction with socially just pedagogies seeks to acknowledge and disrupt a reliance on Westernized ideologies. The paper concludes by discussing the significance of postcolonial management theory for sport management education.
From outbreaks to endemic disease
Authors: Antolin Michael F.
Published: April 2022

Relief from the effects of epidemics may signal the start of low-level disease persistence
Removing a barrier to equity
Authors: Mapp Anna
Published: April 2022

Earlier this year, the University of Michigan became the first US university to remove the requirement that applicants to its nonprofessional doctoral programs take a standardized test—the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). This decision will not, on its own, address inequities in admissions practice, nor the broader education barriers that many applicants face. But it is a major step toward an admissions process that considers all dimensions of a candidate’s preparation and promise—a holistic view that should be adopted by all universities if equity in education and opportunities is to be achieved.
Deadly flu spreads through North American birds
Authors: Stokstad Erik
Published: April 2022

As largest ever H5N1 outbreak hits poultry and wild species, researchers wonder whether virus is here to stay
Nicaragua’s universities stagger under government pressure
Authors: Moutinho Sofia
Published: April 2022

Attacks on higher education autonomy put research—and researchers—at risk
Sputum Metabolites Associated with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Breen Paul , Zimbric Madsen , Opron Kristopher , Caverly Lindsay J.
Published: April 2022

Host risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) are largely unclear. The goal of this study was to help identify potential host and bacterial community risk factors for NTM infection in people with CF, using microbiome and metabolome data from CF sputum samples.
Gut Microbiome Alterations Associated with Diabetes in Mexican Americans in South Texas
Authors: Kwan Suet-Ying , Sabotta Caroline M. , Joon Aron , Wei Peng , Petty Lauren E. , Below Jennifer E. , Wu Xiaogang , Zhang Jianhua , Jenq Robert R. , Hawk Ernest T. , McCormick Joseph B. , Fisher-Hoch Susan P. , Beretta Laura
Published: April 2022

The gut microbiome composition varies across ethnicities and geographical locations, yet studies on diabetes-associated microbiome changes specific to high-risk Mexican Americans are lacking. Here, we aimed to identify specific alterations associated with diabetes in this population, as well as host genetic factors that may explain increased disease susceptibility in this ethnic group.
Effects of ‘Healthy’ Fecal Microbiota Transplantation against the Deterioration of Depression in Fawn-Hooded Rats
Authors: Hu Bing , Das Promi , Lv Xianglin , Shi Meng , Aa Jiye , Wang Kun , Duan Liping , Gilbert Jack A. , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei
Published: April 2022

Depression is a chronic, recurrent mental disease, which could make the patients commit suicide in severe cases. Considering that gut microbiome dysbiosis could cause depressive symptoms in animals through the MGB axis, the modification of gut microbiota is expected to be a potential therapy for depression, but the daily administration of probiotics is invalid or transient.
Optical Solitons with Tilted Wavefronts
Authors: Sazonov S. V.
Published: April 2022

The propagation of nonresonant solitons with phase and group wavefronts tilted with respect to each other is studied. It is shown that the tilt of fronts leads to the redefinition of the group velocity dispersion, introducing an additional anomalous contribution to it. As a result, light temporal and spatiotemporal solitons can be formed at the normal dispersion of the group velocity and focusing nonlinearity, including the cases of absence of this dispersion. A spatiotemporal soliton is a structure that is extended along group fronts normally to the plane of polarization and is localized in all directions perpendicular to the direction of extension of the soliton.
Modeling for Scenarios for Stock Recovery of Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii in the Sea of Azov in the Absence of Natural Reproduction
Authors: Bulgakova T. I. , Kulba S. N. , Piatinskii M. M.
Published: April 2022

Abstract—

A new model describing the dynamics of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) population unable to recover or ranked as depleted is proposed as a depleted artificially-stocking population (DAP) model. The model composed of two submodels is implemented in the R language. One of the submodels provides the opportunity to adjust the appropriate parameters used in a global model (the rate of natural mortality of a mature fish stock in a population and the artificial reproduction efficiency) with the optimization-based methods, while the second submodel deals with various scenarios for fish stock recovery over the forecast period. Scenarios are characterized by two parameters: the quantity of juvenils released by sturgeon hatcheries and the commercial fish catch decline caused by the illegal fishing practices and the fish catch for science-based targets. The estimates for the pattern of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii in the Sea of Azov indicate that its stock may be recovered to the target level of 10 thousand tons with the baseline and optimistic scenarios by 2037—2048 relative to the artificial reproduction efficiency and the extent of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. With respect to pessimistic scenarios, the stocks are not expected to recover.
Changing concepts in heart muscle disease: the evolving understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Moody William E , Elliott Perry M
Published: April 2022

Sixty years ago, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was considered a rare lethal disease that affected predominantly young adults and for which there were few treatment options. Today, it is recognised to be a relatively common disorder that presents throughout the life course with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype that can be managed effectively in the majority of individuals. A greater awareness of the condition and less reluctance from healthcare practitioners to make the diagnosis, coupled with improvements in cardiac imaging, including greater use of artificial intelligence and improved yields from screening efforts, have all helped facilitate a more precise and timely diagnosis. This enhanced ability to diagnose HCM early is being paired with innovations in treatment, which means that the majority of patients receiving a contemporary diagnosis of HCM can anticipate a normal life expectancy and expect to maintain a good functional status and quality of life. Indeed, with increasing translation of molecular genetics from bench to bedside associated with a growing number of randomised clinical trials of novel therapies aimed at ameliorating or perhaps even preventing the disease, the next chapter in the story for HCM will provide much excitement and more importantly, offer much anticipated reward for our patients.
Heart valve disease: a journey of discovery
Authors: Dobson Laura Elizabeth , Prendergast Bernard D
Published: April 2022

In the centenary year of the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS), this review article outlines the influence of UK cardiologists and surgeons on the field of heart valve disease, many of whom can rightly claim ‘world firsts’ in the field. From the description of endocarditis as we know it today at the turn of the 20th century, to the first mitral valvotomy, heart valve replacement and invention of the Ross procedure. These advances have transformed the outlook of patients with symptomatic valve disease from palliation and certain death to curative treatment and near normal life expectancy. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was adopted early in the UK, and thanks to the comprehensive national database, the UK TAVI registry is one of the world’s largest, contributing real-world patient data to inform clinical practice. The more recent concepts of ‘Heart Valve Centres of Excellence’ and specialist valve clinics have been developed by the BCS-affiliated British Heart Valve Society which continues to drive improved standards for patients with heart valve disease. The next 100 years will no doubt be equally thrilling in terms of innovation for heart valve disease, with artificial intelligence, transcatheter therapies and cutting-edge technology continuing to improve patient care and clinical outcomes.
History and evolution of pacing and devices
Authors: Haydock Paul , Camm A John
Published: April 2022

Cardiac implanted electronic devices are commonplace in the modern practice of cardiology. This article reviews the history of the development of these technologies, with particular reference to the role played by UK physicians and members of the British Cardiovascular Society. Key breakthroughs in the treatment of heart block, ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure are presented in their historical and contemporary context so that the reader might look back on the incredible progress and achievements of the last 100 years and also look forward to what may be achieved in the coming decades.
The British Cardiovascular Society and clinical studies in ischaemic heart disease: from RITA to ORBITA, and beyond
Authors: Al-Lamee Rasha , Aubiniere-Robb Louise , Berry Colin
Published: April 2022

In this article, we provide a historical view of key aspects of British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) influence in clinical trials of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) followed by key research and developments, notable publications and future perspectives. We discuss the role of the BCS and its members. The scope of this article covers clinical trials in stable IHD and acute coronary syndromes, including interventions relating to diagnosis, treatment and management. We discuss the role of the BCS in supporting the original RITA trials. We highlight the changing face of angina and its management providing contemporary and future insights into microvascular disease, ischaemic symptoms with no obstructive coronary arteries and, relatedly, myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries. The article is presented as a brief overview of the BCS in IHD research, relationships with stakeholders, patient and public involvement and clinical trials from the perspective of past, present and future possibilities.
Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT): transforming cardiology care
Authors: Ray Simon , Clarke Sarah C
Published: April 2022

The Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) process is designed to improve the care of patients in the National Health Service (NHS) in England through in-depth review of services, benchmarking and presenting a data-driven evidence base to support change. Although it started as a pilot project targeting unwarranted variation in elective orthopaedic surgery, it rapidly became apparent that the approach of clinically led deep dives to review the activity in individual orthopaedic units was effective in improving standards of care and resulted in substantial cost savings that could be reinvested in the clinical service. GIRFT has now expanded to encompass 40 clinical specialties and is funded nationally by the NHS in England. The purpose of this article is to describe its application and benefit to cardiology.
IOLite: phase 1b trial of doublet/triplet combinations of dostarlimab with niraparib, carboplatin–paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Yap Timothy A , Bessudo Alberto , Hamilton Erika , Sachdev Jasgit , Patel Manish R , Rodon Jordi , Evilevitch Lena , Duncan Meghan , Guo Wei , Kumar Sujatha , Lu Sharon , Dezube Bruce J , Gabrail Nashat
Published: April 2022

Background

Doublet combination therapies targeting immune checkpoints have shown promising efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors, but it is unknown if rational triplet combinations will be well tolerated and associated with improved antitumor activity. The objective of this trial was to determine the recommended phase 2 doses (RP2Ds) and to assess the safety and efficacy of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor dostarlimab in combination with (1) the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor niraparib with or without vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor bevacizumab or (2) carboplatin–paclitaxel chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab, in patients with advanced cancer.

Methods

IOLite is a multicenter, open-label, multi-arm clinical trial. Patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled. Patients received dostarlimab in combination with niraparib with or without bevacizumab or in combination with carboplatin–paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal from the study. Prespecified endpoints in all parts were to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), RP2Ds, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and preliminary efficacy for each combination.

Results

A total of 55 patients were enrolled; patients received dostarlimab and: (1) niraparib in part A (n=22); (2) carboplatin–paclitaxel in part B (n=14); (3) niraparib plus bevacizumab in part C (n=13); (4) carboplatin–paclitaxel plus bevacizumab in part D (n=6). The RP2Ds of all combinations were determined. All combinations were safe and tolerable, with no new safety signals observed. DLTs were reported in 2, 1, 2, and 0 patients, in parts A–D, respectively. Preliminary antitumor activity was observed, with confirmed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1 complete/partial responses reported in 4 of 22 patients (18.2%), 6 of 14 patients (42.9%), 4 of 13 patients (30.8%), and 3 of 6 (50.0%) patients, in parts A–D, respectively. Disease control rates were 40.9%, 57.1%, 84.6%, and 83.3%, in parts A–D, respectively. Dostarlimab PK was unaffected by any combinations tested. Coadministration of bevacizumab showed no impact on niraparib PKs. The overall mean PD-1 receptor occupancy was 99.0%.

Conclusions

Dostarlimab was well tolerated in both doublet and triplet regimens tested, with promising antitumor activity observed with all combinations. We observed higher disease control rates in the triplet regimens than in doublet regimens.

Trial registration number

NCT03307785.
Pollination ecology of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAiton) in an island ecosystem
Authors: Noone Rachel E. , Doucet Stéphanie M. , Jones Patricia L.
Published: April 2022

Plant pollination is influenced by plant traits, pollinator community, plant community, and abiotic conditions. Island ecosystems, which often have reduced pollinator communities, provide unique insights into pollination ecology. Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton, has predominantly been studied in managed agricultural areas with introduced honeybees. We examined diurnal and nocturnal pollination of unmanaged lowbush blueberry patches on an 80 ha island in New Brunswick without honeybees. We restricted pollinator access to blueberry stems in five different treatments. Using mesh bags, we made stems accessible to pollinators 24 h a day (positive control), only during the day, only at night, or never (negative control), with an additional sham control. Blueberry stems accessible only to diurnal visitors had 70.55% fruit set and a mean 7.33 viable seeds per fruit. Stems accessible only to nocturnal visitors had 63.76% fruit set and 5.87 viable seeds, significantly higher than the continuously bagged negative control stems. The most common diurnal insects observed visiting flowers were bumblebees and two wasp species. Insects collected from plants at night were beetles and flies. There was substantial variation between blueberry patches in fruit set and fruit size. We examined whether flower color could be driving patch differences in pollination, and quantified flower color using spectrophotometry. We found no effect of flower color on metrics of pollination. As well as demonstrating substantial nocturnal pollination, we record unusually high fruit set, especially for an island without managed bees. We discuss some of the potential drivers of this high fruit set.
Undermining environmental assessment laws: post-assessment amendments for mines in British Columbia, Canada, and potential impacts on water resources
Authors: Collison Ben R. , Reid Patrick A. , Dvorski Hannah , Lopez Mauricio J. , Westwood Alana R. , Skuce Nikki
Published: April 2022

In British Columbia (BC), Canada, there is increased attention on mines and their impacts on water resources. In BC, many proposed mines undergo provincial environmental assessment (EA), which predicts a mine’s risks and involves government oversight and public engagement. After approval, mines can apply for amendments that alter the project’s undertakings, including in ways that may harm water resources. We examined all amendment documents for mines undergoing provincial EA in BC from 2002 to 2020. Of the 23 approved mines, 15 (65%) requested a total of 49 amendments, of which 98% were approved. Most mines applied for their first amendment within 3 years of approval. We deemed 20 of the approved amendments (associated with 10 projects) likely to have negative impacts on water resources, including changes to effluent discharge, increased volume of water extraction, or degradation of fish habitat. Amendment applications and approval documents lacked specific, quantitative information to reinforce claims or decisions. We present the first known summary of EA amendments in any jurisdiction. Given that most mines in BC receive amendments, and many are related to water, we express concern that amendment processes increase risk to water resources without meeting standards of evidence and public scrutiny required by the regular EA process.
CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: TAN YAN-LING , YIEW THIAN-HEE , HABIBULLAH MUZAFAR SHAH
Published: April 2022

Malaysia is recognized as one of the mega biodiversity countries of the world. However, Malaysia’s biodiversity hotspot experiencing a more pronounce biodiversity loss. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to explore the link between climate change, socio-economic factors and biodiversity loss in Malaysia from 1990 to 2016, with a special focus on different climate change indicators namely rainfall, temperature and carbon dioxide (CO[Formula: see text] emissions. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, this study provides evidence on long-run relation between each of the indicators of climate change and biodiversity loss. The core threats to biodiversity are growing demand for agricultural land, rapid population, elevated temperature, higher CO2 emissions and rainfall reduction. Interestingly, the biodiversity loss-income nexus is also supportive of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis; with biodiversity threats increasing with income, beyond a certain level of income, a rise in income reduces the loss of biodiversity. The findings are essential for future studies with a special consideration to reduce the losses of biodiversity.